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Charles Chibitty

Charles Joyce Chibitty (November 20, 1921 – July 20, 2005) was a Native American and United States Army code talker in World War II, who helped transmit coded messages in the Comanche (Nʉmʉnʉʉ) language on the battlefield as a radio operator in the European Theater of the war.

In 2013, Native American Code Talkers of World War I and II, represented by 33 Native American tribes, received the Congressional Gold Medal from the President of the United States at the U.S. Capitol. The Comanche code talkers were credited with saving the lives of thousands of American and Allied personnel.

Biography
Chibitty was born in a small tent outside of Medicine Park, Oklahoma, a city located 14 miles north-west of Lawton. He attended Fort Sill Indian School as a child. While a high school student at the Haskell Indian School in Lawrence, Kansas, he constantly heard reports concerning the rise of Nazi Germany throughout Europe, and while he was home during Christmas break in 1940, his mother granted him permission to enlist in the United States Army. The U.S. Army was searching for American Indians including Comanche Indians for the Signal Corps in late 1940, and in 1941, to serve as code talkers in the European Theatre.

He entered military service on January 2, 1941, and was assigned to the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Benning, Georgia. After basic training, he was assigned to the 4th Signal Company at Fort Benning where 17 Comanche Nation code talkers were to develop a secret code to prevent German forces from deciphering U.S. military messages. In late December, he was next sent with the division to then-Camp Gordon (Fort Gordon), Georgia. Chibitty served at Camp Gordon with the other hand-picked Comanche Indians who began training at Fort Benning as army radio operators and line repairmen. In April 1943, he and 13 of the other code talkers were next sent with the 4th Infantry Division to Fort Dix, New Jersey, Camp Gordon Johnston, Florida, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, to stage for the European Theater. On January 18, 1944, the 4th Infantry Division shipped out of New York for England for more training and arrived January 26. In England, the division trained as the spearhead amphibious division for the invasion of Normandy.

Chibitty and 12 other Comanche code talkers from the 4th Signal Company were reassigned to be with the landing infantry regiments, division artillery, and division headquarters. The other code talker (Sgt. Morris Sunrise), was transferred to another division. The 13 Comanche code talkers in the 4th Division, including Cpl. (T/5) Chibitty, landed at Utah Beach in Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944 ("D-Day"). Assigned to the 22nd Infantry Regiment, the first words sent from Chibitty on the beach to his command unit in Comanche talk that day were interpreted in English as:
 * "Five miles to the right of the designated area and five miles inland, the fighting is fierce, and we need help."

The 14 Comanche code talkers participated in the Battle of Normandy, Battle of the Bulge, and other battles. Although none of the code talkers were killed in action, several were wounded in action, including Chibitty and his first cousin, Pfc. Larry Saupitty.

In 1989, Chibitty and Comanche code talkers Roderick Red Elk and Forrest Kassanavoid were presented with the Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite, and named Knights of the National Order of Merit by the French government; the 14 deceased Comanche Code Talkers were also included in the recognition-award ceremony. The role of Comanche code talkers in World War II was not recognized by the United States until 1999, in which Chibbity received the Knowlton Award from The Pentagon as the last surviving Comanche code talker.

Chibitty, who was the last living Comanche code talker, died due to diabetes complications on July 20, 2005, at a hospital in Tulsa. He is buried at Floral Haven Memorial Gardens in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.<

Military awards
Chibitty's decorations and awards include:

Other awards and honors

 * The Thomas Knowlton Award – Established in 1995, by the Military Intelligence Corps Association in support of the Military Intelligence Corps. Chibitty was officially awarded the "Knowlton 1776" silver medal with blue neck ribbon on November 22, 1999.
 * Congressional Silver Medal – Native American Code Talkers. Native American Code Talkers from 25 (33 tribes are eligible) tribes who served in World War I and II were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on November 20, 2013, at the U.S. Capitol. Each tribe received a gold medal representing their tribe ("Comanche Nation Code Talker" medal) and each code talker of the tribe or their next of kin received a Congressional silver duplicate medal. Seven more tribes/code talkers were to receive medals at a future date.
 * Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame – Charles Chibitty, 2001, and 14 "Comanche Code Talkers" who served in the European Theater during World War II including Chibitty, 2011.
 * Code Talker Hall, Comanche Code Talkers mural – Fort Sill, Oklahoma, 2015

title: Charles Chibitty


text: User talk:70.178.69.157

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.178.69.157


text:
List of awards and nominations received by Will & Grace

Will & Grace is an American sitcom created by Max Mutchnick and David Kohan about the relationship between best friends Will Truman (Eric McCormack), a gay lawyer, and Grace Adler (Debra Messing), a straight interior designer. It was broadcast on NBC from September 21, 1998 to May 18, 2006, for a total of eight seasons. During its original run, Will & Grace was one of the most successful television series with gay principal characters. It was revived by NBC in 2017 for a ninth and tenth season.

Despite initial criticism for its particular portrayal of homosexual characters, it has been met with continued critical acclaim and won several major awards, including 18 Primetime Emmy Awards and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards. Additionally, the show received 30 Golden Globe Award nominations (but no wins).

Primetime Emmy Awards
The Primetime Emmy Award is an American award bestowed by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American primetime television programming. Will & Grace has received 18 awards from 96 nominations, including an award for each main cast member. In addition to this, there have been three times when all four main actors were nominated for their respective category in the same year: 2000, 2001 and 2003.

Screen Actors Guild Awards
The Screen Actors Guild Award is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television. Will & Grace has received seven awards from twenty-one nominations.

Golden Globe Awards
The Golden Globe Award is an accolade bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. Will & Grace has received 30 nominations.

Television Critics Association Awards
The Television Critics Association Awards are awards presented by the Television Critics Association in recognition of excellence in television. Will & Grace received eight nominations.

ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards
The ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards are an award presented annually by the Art Directors Guild to recognize excellence in production design and art direction in the film and television industries. Will & Grace received two awards from four nominations.

American Cinema Editors
Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editorsis an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements, their education of others, and their dedication to editing. Will & Grace received one award from three nominations.

American Comedy Awards
The American Comedy Awards are a group of awards presented annually in the United States recognizing performances and performers in the field of comedy, with an emphasis on television comedy and comedy films. Will & Grace received two awards from nine nominations.

American Latino Media Arts Awards
The American Latino Media Arts Award is an award highlighting the best American Latino contributions to music, television, and film. Will & Grace received two nominations.

British Comedy Awards
The British Comedy Awards are an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom celebrating notable comedians and entertainment performances of the previous year. Will & Grace received one nomination.

Casting Society of America
Since October 1985, the Casting Society of America has presented the Artios Awards for excellence in casting. Members are honored in over eighteen different theatrical casting categories in simultaneous events held in New York City and Beverly Hills, California. Will & Grace received three awards from nine nominations.

Critics' Choice Television Awards
The Critics' Choice Television Awards have been presented annually by the Broadcast Television Journalists Association since 2011. Will & Grace has received one nomination.

Costume Designers Guild
Founded in 1999, the Costume Designers Awards honors costume designers in Motion Pictures, Television, and Commercials annually. Will & Grace received three nominations.

Directors Guild of America Awards
The Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America. The first DGA Award was an “Honorary Life Member” award issued in 1938 to D. W. Griffith. The statues are made by New York firm, Society Awards. Will & Grace received one award from seven nominations.

GLAAD Media Awards
The GLAAD Media Award is an accolade bestowed by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation to recognize and honor various branches of the media for their outstanding representations of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community and the issues that affect their lives. Will & Grace received seven awards from eight nominations.

National Television Awards
The National Television Awards is a British television awards ceremony, broadcast by the ITV network and initiated in 1995. The National Television Awards are the most prominent ceremony for which the results are voted on by the general public. Will & Grace received two nominations.

People's Choice Awards
The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show, recognizing the people and the work of popular culture, voted on by the general public. Will & Grace received two awards.

Producers Guild of America
The Producers Guild of America Award was originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards, created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern, in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product. Will & Grace received five nominations.

Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival
The Rose d'Or (Golden Rose) is an international awards festival in entertainment broadcasting and programming. Will & Grace received one award.

Satellite Awards
The Satellite Awards are annual awards given by the International Press Academy that are commonly noted in entertainment industry journals and blogs. Will & Grace received two awards from nine nominations.

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards is an annual awards show that airs on the Fox television network. The awards honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports, television, fashion, and more, voted by adolescent viewers (ages 10 to 15). Will & Grace received three awards from fourteen nominations.

TV Guide Awards
The TV Guide Award was an annual award created by the editors of TV Guide magazine, as a readers poll to honor outstanding programs and performers in the American television industry. Will & Grace received two awards from four nominations.

TV Land Awards
The TV Land Awards is an American television awards ceremony that generally commemorates shows now off the air, rather than in current production as with the Emmys. Will & Grace received two nominations.

Viewers for Quality Television Awards
Viewers for Quality Television was an American nonprofit organization founded in 1984 to advocate network television series that members of the organization voted to be of the "highest quality." The group's goal was to rescue "...critically acclaimed programs from cancellation despite their Nielsen program rating." Will & Grace received one award from eleven nominations.

Writers Guild of America Awards
The Writers Guild of America Awards for outstanding achievements in film, television, radio, and video game writing, including both fiction and non-fiction categories, have been presented annually by the Writers Guild of America, East and Writers Guild of America, West since 1949. Will & Grace has received two nominations.

Young Artist Awards
The Young Artist Award is an accolade bestowed by the Young Artist Association, a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers, and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically and/or financially challenged. Will & Grace received one nomination.


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Group Areas Act

Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. An effect of the law was to exclude people of colour from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to Whites (e.g. Sea Point, Claremont). It required many people of colour to commute large distances from their homes to be able to work. The law led to people of colour being forcibly removed for living in the "wrong" areas. People of colour, who were the majority at the time, were given much smaller areas (e.g., Tongaat, Grassy Park) to live in than the white minority. Pass Laws required people of colour to carry pass books and later "reference books", similar to passports, to enter the "white" parts of the country.

The first Group Areas Act, the Group Areas Act, 1950 was promulgated on 7 July 1950, and it was implemented over a period of several years. It was amended by Parliament in 1952, 1955 (twice), 1956 and 1957. Later in 1957, it was repealed and re-enacted in consolidated form as the Group Areas Act, 1957, which was amended in 1961, 1962, and 1965. In 1966, that version was, in turn, repealed and re-enacted as the Group Areas Act, 1966, which was amended in 1969, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, and 1984. It was repealed, along with many other discriminatory laws, on 30 June 1991 by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991.

Background
After the 1948 general election, D.F. Malan's administration commenced its policy of apartheid that sought to segregate the races in South Africa. The government hoped to achieve this through "separate development" of the races and this entailed passing laws that would ensure a distinction on social, economic, political and, in the case of the Group Areas Act, geographical lines. The Group Areas Act may be regarded as an extension of the Asiatic Land Tenure Act, 1946.

Provisions
The Act empowered the Governor-General to declare certain geographical areas to be for the exclusive occupation of specific racial groups. In particular the statute identified four such racial groups: whites, coloureds, indians, and natives. This authority was exercised on the advice of the Minister of the Interior and the Group Areas Board.

Once an area had been designated for sole occupation by certain racial groups, the proclamation would not become legally effective for at least one year. Once this time had expired, it became a criminal offence to remain in occupation of property in that area with the punishment potentially being a fine and two years' imprisonment.

The Act also applied to businesses with racial designation being applied on the basis of the individuals who held a controlling interest in the company.

Impact
The Act became an effective tool in the separate development of races in South Africa. It also granted the Minister of the Interior a mandate to forcibly remove non-whites from valuable pieces of land so that they could become white settlements.

One of the most famous uses of the Group Areas Act was the destruction of Sophiatown, a suburb of Johannesburg. On 9 February 1955, 2,000 policemen began removing residents to Meadowlands, Soweto and erected a new white-only area called Triomf (Victory).

Nelson Mandela said of the Act in his book, Long Walk to Freedom:

""the Groups Areas Act was the foundation of residential apartheid. Under its regulations, each racial group could own land, occupy premises, and trade only in its own separate area. Indians could henceforth only live in Indian areas, Africans in African, Coloureds in Coloured. If whites wanted the land or houses of the other groups, they could simply declare that land a white area and take them""

title: Group Areas Act


text:
Talk:Riser (casting)

So how do they look like?

title: Talk:Riser (casting)


text:
User talk:204.73.177.2

Nomination of Cheese sandwich for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Cheese sandwich is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Cheese sandwich until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. –dlthewave ☎ 16:39, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.73.177.2


text: User talk:64.207.51.176

title: User talk:64.207.51.176


text:
Moroka Swallows F.C.

Moroka Swallows Football Club (often referred to as Swallows or The Birds) is a South African professional football club based in Soweto, Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province.

Founded in 1947, Swallows are one of the original two Soweto clubs, together with Orlando Pirates, thus contest what is known as the Original Soweto Derby.

Until relegation in the 2014–15 season, the club had played every season of the Premier Soccer League.

They won the 2019–20 National First Division and competed in the 2020–21 South African Premier Division, they finished 6th in what was their first season back in top-flight football league system and qualified for 2021 MTN 8 competition. They play their home matches at Dobsonville Stadium.

History
The club was founded in the 1940s by a trio of football lovers, Ishmael Lesolang, Strike Makgatha, and Johnny Kubheka.

They originally named the side Congregated Rovers after the firm in which most of the players and officials worked, later changing it to Moroka Rovers.

But then, on 10 October 1947, the trio decided to change the name again to Moroka Swallows, basing themselves in the township formally known as Masakeng.

The name has lasted for the best part of 55 years, a period which has seen consistent success both on the field and off it.

The name 'moroka' means 'rain maker' in Setswana and the township was probably named after Chief Moroka of Barolong boo-Seleka who became the president of the African National Congress in 1940s. It is hardly surprising therefore that the club was renamed the 'rain bird'.

The 1950s and 1960s were a successful time for the club, culminating in their greatest ever achievement, winning the South African League title in 1965.

Off the field, the club was becoming a business and in 1971 they became the first ever football team to register as a public company.

That same year they were also the first to receive an official sponsorship when Teljoy began their association with the club. The decade between 1982 and 1992 was a successful one for the team, culminating in four pieces of silverware.

In 2007, the club celebrated its 60th anniversary. Two years later Swallows won the Nedbank Cup, the club's first piece of silverware for five years.

The club narrowly avoided relegation in the 2013–14 season, finishing thirteenth. The 2014–15 season saw them relegated for the first time in their history, finishing 15th, and failing to retain their position after being defeated in the promotion-relegation playoffs.

Following their first relegation from the top level, the club finished bottom of the log in the National First Division, and were relegated again to the SAFA Second Division, subsequently being liquidated.

Prior to the start of the 2018–19 season, Swallows purchased the franchise of National First Division team Maccabi for R8 million, and competed in the 2019–20 National First Division under the name Swallows F.C.

At the end 2019–20 National First Division season, the club gained promotion to the Premier Soccer League following a 3–0 win against third-placed Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila F.C., then competed in the 2020–21 South African Premier Division.

After being officially named Swallows F.C. in the aftermath of their bankruptcy and a FIFA ban, they renamed themselves to Moroka Swallows F.C. prior to the start of the 2023–24 season.

The club experienced financial difficulties during the 2023–24 season, with the club failing to honour their final two fixtures of 2023. This was blamed in part due to the PSL blocking Swallow's sponsorship by Telkom, claiming that it was in competition with MTN, sponsors of their MTN 8 competition.

Honours

 * South African Soccer League
 * Winners: 1965
 * Nedbank Cup (Mainstay Cup, Bob Save Super Bowl, ABSA Cup)
 * Winners: 1983, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2009
 * MTN 8 (BP Top Eight)
 * Winners: 1975, 1979, 2012
 * Sales House Cup
 * Winners: 1978
 * National First Division
 * Winners: 2019–20

Club records
Source:
 * Most starts: 🇿🇦 Andries Mpondo 395
 * Most goals: 🇿🇦 Thomas Hlongwane 73
 * Most capped player: 🇿🇦 Lerato Chabangu 13
 * Most starts in a season: 🇿🇦 Andries Mpondo 49 (1986)
 * Most goals in a season: 🇿🇦 Thomas Hlongwane 27 (1985)
 * Record Victory: 8–0 vs African Wanderers (29 September 1991, NSL)
 * Record Defeat: 2–6 vs Hellenic (7/3/85, Sales House Cup); Rangers (3/7/87, NSL)

South African Premier Division
• 1996–97 – 11th

• 1997–98 – 11th

• 1998–99 – 15th

• 1999–00 – 12th

• 2000–01 – 15th

• 2001–02 – 6th

• 2002–03 – 4th

• 2003–04 – 7th

• 2004–05 – 5th

• 2005–06 – 4th

• 2006–07 – 3rd

• 2007–08 – 7th

• 2008–09 – 11th

• 2009–10 – 8th

• 2010–11 – 13th

• 2011–12 – 2nd

• 2012–13 – 9th

• 2013–14 – 13th

• 2014–15 – 15th (relegated)

National First Division

 * 2015–16 – 16th (relegated)

SAFA Second Division (Gauteng)

 * 2016–17 – 16th
 * 2017–18 – 6th
 * 2018–19 – 7th (purchased the 1st Division franchise of Maccabi F.C.)

National First Division

 * 2019–20 – 1st (promoted)

South African Premier Division

 * 2020–21 – 6th
 * 2021–22 – 15th (retained their place via the playoffs)
 * 2022–23 – 8th
 * 2023–24 – 14th

First team squad
Updated 26 January, 2024

Notable players

 * Brad Norman (2019): He converted into the first South African to play in Paraguay following his stint with Moroka Swallows.

Notable former coaches

 * 🇦🇹 Walter Rautmann
 * 🏴 Eddie Lewis (1989–91)
 * 🇿🇦 Sandile Bali (1991–92)
 * 🇿🇦 Milo Bjelica (1992)
 * 🏴 Mich d'Avray (1992–93)
 * 🇧🇷 Walter da Silva (1999)
 * 🇷🇺 Viktor Bondarenko (2000–02)
 * 🇿🇦 Gavin Hunt (1 July 2002 – 30 June 2007)
 * 🇿🇼 Ian Gorowa (1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008)
 * 🇧🇷 Júlio César Leal (1 July 2008 – 30 June 2009)
 * 🇩🇪 Rainer Zobel (17 July 2009 – 28 Nov 2010)
 * 🇿🇦 Gordon Igesund (29 Nov 2010 – 30 June 2012)
 * 🇵🇹 Zeca Marques (1 July 2012 – 2014)
 * 🇿🇦 Craig Rosslee (March 2015 – June 2015)

 * 🇿🇦 Steve Komphela (July 2023 – Jan 2024)

title: Moroka Swallows F.C.


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Ezra Heywood

Ezra Hervey Heywood (September 29, 1829 – May 22, 1893), known as Ezra Hervey Hoar before 1848, was an American individualist anarchist, slavery abolitionist, and advocate of equal rights for women.

Philosophy
Heywood saw what he believed to be a disproportionate concentration of capital in the hands of a few as the result of a selective extension of government-backed privileges to certain individuals and organizations.

He believed that there should be no profit in rent of buildings. He did not oppose rent, but believed that if the building was fully paid for that it was improper to charge more than what is necessary for transfer costs, insurance, and repair of deterioration that occurs during the occupation by the tenant. He asserted the radical idea that it may be incumbent on the owner of the building to pay rent to the tenant if the tenant keeps his residency in such a condition that saved it from deterioration if it were otherwise unoccupied. Heywood believed that title to unused land was a great evil.

Activism
Heywood's philosophy was instrumental in furthering individualist anarchist ideas through his extensive pamphleteering and reprinting of works of Josiah Warren, author of True Civilization (1869), and William B. Greene. In 1872, at a convention of the New England Labor Reform League in Boston, Heywood introduced Greene and Warren to eventual Liberty publisher Benjamin Tucker.

Heywood co-founded the New England Labor Reform League in 1869 with individualist anarchist William Batchelder Greene. The league advocated for the "abolition of class laws and false customs, whereby legitimate enterprise is defrauded by speculative monopoly." and favored "[f]ree contracts, free money, free markets, free transit, and free land".

In May, 1872 Heywood, a supporter of women's suffrage and free love activist Victoria Woodhull's free speech rights, began editing individualist anarchist magazine The Word from his home in Princeton, Massachusetts. He was tried in 1878 for mailing "obscene material", his pamphlet Cupid's Yokes: or, The Binding Forces of Conjugal Life: An Essay to Consider Some Moral and Physiological Phases of Love and Marriage, Wherein is Asserted the Natural Right and Necessity of Sexual Self-Government, which attacked traditional notions of marriage – at the instigation of postal inspector Anthony Comstock, who also had Truth Seeker editor D. M. Bennett arrested. Convicted of violating the 1873 Comstock Act, Heywood was sentenced to two years' hard labor at the Norfolk County Jail.

Unlike Bennett, Heywood was pardoned after six months by President Rutherford B. Hayes in response to massive protests by sympathizers and free speech advocates. Arrested four more times following his release, Heywood died of tuberculosis within a year of his final release from prison.

Temporal notation
Heywood developed his own notation for years to be used in place of B. C. and A. D., namely B. L. and Y. L. respectively. He developed this notation on 2 July 1878 (Y. L. 6) because the A. D. notation "recognizes a mythical God in the, puts Christian collars marked 'J. C.' on naturally free necks, and registers us subjects of the lascivio-religious despotism which the male-sexual origin and history of the cross impose". He assigned 1873 'Y. L. 1' as that was the year of "the formation of the New England Free Love League in Boston". Y. L. is notation for 'Year of Love'. Thereafter, Heywood dated all of his correspondence and all issues of The Word with his new notation.

Personal life
Heywood met his wife Angela Heywood through her work in the abolitionist movement. They had four children together named Psyche, Angelo, Vesta, and Hermes.

Works

 * Uncivil Liberty: An Essay to Show the Injustice and Impolicy of Ruling Woman Without Her Consent (1873) by Ezra Heywood – one of the first individualist feminist essays, by Ezra Heywood (with an introduction by James J. Martin)
 * Cupid's Yokes: or, The Binding Forces of Conjugal Life: An Essay to Consider some Moral and Physiological Phases of Love and Marriage by Ezra Heywood – a free-love essay defending the natural right of "sexual self-government" as opposed to marriage

title: Ezra Heywood


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Adventures of Ramoochi

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:20, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

The Adventures of Ramoochi
The main link points to Angelfire user page; <10 Google hits, primarily referencing a non-notable blog; recommend delete. --Alan Au 00:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mr Bound 00:20, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Edcolins 09:52, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable if it hasn't even made it to its own site yet. -Splash 18:41, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 03:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:210.18.215.38

title: User talk:210.18.215.38


text:
Talk:EM-2 rifle

SA80
One nitpick about the article is that the IW/SA80 family has nothing in common with the EM2 other than being a gas-operated bullpup design. The IW/SA80 is essentially a modified AR18 (which caused some understandable irritation with the Sterling company who actually had a licence to manufacture a version of the latter) which is a design using Stoner's rotating multi-lugged bolt with a hammer-actuated firing system in a pressed-metal body (as a cheaper alternative to the AR15's cast body) whereas the EM2 used a flap-locking mechanism and a directly sprung firing-pin and overall required a considerable amount of traditional machining to produce. There's a common misconception that the EM2 and the IW/SA80 shared essentially the same design but that is sadly not the case: it is my POV (and hence not suitable for entry in the main article!) that if there were a commonality of design, the IW/SA80 would've had a much happier history.

Anyway, the point is that the article should clarify that the IW/SA80 family is categorically not a development of the EM2.

 * I assume that nobody objects, so I've now changed the article to reflect this. Chris 12:38, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Copyvio ?
Either this article has been copied to another site or vice-versa. Perhaps some evidence as to where this information came from would be helpful.

Here is the site where the exact same text appears as is in the article. Copied From?

 * This site is a mirror of Wikipedia. "This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Assault rifle"." at the bottom of the page. Rama 06:57, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * When I get a chance I'll write a proper article based on the definitive book on the EM-1 and the EM-2 Rifles by the late Canadian firearms author Thomas Dugelby. He wrote the book back in 1980 when most of the original designers were still alive - the book is a pure, rare masterpiece.  Makes one question why the FN-FAL and 7.62 round were adopted. Harlsbottom 21:50, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

New Article
For those interested in this subject, I am beginning a new article at User:Harlsbottom/EM2. Thus far an introduction and updated box have been completed. This is going to be a lengthy article going the whole hog, and to prevent any mistakes everyone is welcome to comment, though not edit. Please comment in my User_talk:Harlsbottom. -Harlsbottom 18:18, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Rogue Editor...
Someone has been changing words and adding incorrect info. I corrected all that I could see.

eg

Where it said 'In time, the British position on intermediate cartridges was vindicated', someone had added

'In time, the British position on intermediate cartridges was NOT vindicated'

Also other misleading sentences were added which I removed. I hope this was OK

80.229.17.248 (talk) 18:58, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Stripper Clips vs Removable Box Magazine???
I don't know why the implication was made that the use of stripper clips is inconsistent with removable box magazines. The SMLE and M-14 both had stripper clip guides in the receiver bridge for topping off their removable box magazines. Box magazine conversions on SKS rifles, which also have a clip guide, are very popular as well.--68.12.57.69 (talk) 14:21, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080726174944/http://www.militaryimages.net/photopost/data/532/Enfield_EM22.jpg to http://www.militaryimages.net/photopost/data/532/Enfield_EM22.jpg

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Shouldn't we add some information about how unreliable this gun is?
I saw Ian's video on forgotten weapons and he fired the EM-2 and it jammed more than it successfully fired. That is dramatically worse than the performance of the M1918 Chauchat which he was able to fire hundreds of times without failure. Talking about how there was a conspiracy to divest the EM-2 seems like an actual conspiracy to try and martyr a terrible weapon.

Military Galaxy Brain (talk) 13:59, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

 * A single instance of a gun not working properly does not make the gun in general unreliable. It could be the gun itself or the ammo and probably not extrapolate-able to early 1950s performance GraemeLeggett (talk) 16:18, 3 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:EM-2 rifle


text:
User talk:Jorisvo

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Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - Gblaz 00:13, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
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User talk:NaibStilgar

Welcome!

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Welcome and thanks
Yes! Welcome to Wikipedia and thanks for using the Bootcamp! Quinobi (tractor) 20:42, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:NaibStilgar


text:
Portal:Uganda/Featured article

Languages of Uganda Uganda is ethnologically diverse, with at least forty languages in usage. Luganda is the most common language. English is the official language, even though only a relatively small proportion of the population speaks it. Access to economic and political power is almost impossible without having mastered that English. Luganda, a language widespread in central Uganda, is the official vernacular language in education for central Uganda. The East African lingua franca Swahili is relatively widespread as a trade language and became an official national language in September 2005.

A main division between the languages of Uganda can be made according to their linguistic affiliation. About half of Uganda's languages, all spoken in the southern part, are members of the Bantu language family whereas the other half, in northern Uganda, are Nilo-Saharan languages. Read more...

title: Portal:Uganda/Featured article


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User talk:Dstopping

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In Remembrance...
--nat Alo! Salut! Sunt eu, un haiduc?!?! 23:59, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Transwiki of Quotations by Pablo Picasso
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Toronto Life
I don't know if you've seen the reply that I already left to User:Heygaryc on his talk page, but I basically said more or less the same thing to him as you just said to me — the section about the website was actually considerably more than half of the entire article, and thus it was disproportionate to the magazine's entire history. I certainly think there's a place for a significantly trimmed version of that content to be restored, but I agree that the original content was overly prolix and WP:UNDUE. Bearcat (talk) 20:55, 5 January 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dstopping


text:
Basket Case (film)

Basket Case is a 1982 American horror film written and directed by Frank Henenlotter in his feature directorial debut. Produced by Edgar Ievins, the film stars Kevin Van Hentenryck as Duane Bradley, a young man who seeks vengeance on the doctors and nurses who performed an unwanted surgery that separated him from his deformed conjoined twin brother Belial, whom Duane hides in a large wicker basket.

Basket Case was shot on 16 mm in New York City, on a budget of around US$35,000. The film was blown up to 35 mm for its original theatrical release in April 1982. Receiving mixed reviews upon release, it has since become considered a cult film, and has spawned two sequels, Basket Case 2 (1990) and Basket Case 3: The Progeny (1991), both of which were also directed by Henenlotter.

In 2017, Basket Case was selected for preservation by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), who oversaw a restoration of the film from its original 16 mm camera negative. The 4K restoration was released on Blu-ray and DVD by Arrow Video in 2018.

Plot
Dr. Julius Lifflander is frightened by something outside his country home near Glens Falls, NY. A shadowed creature then cuts his phone line and power before killing Lifflander by tearing at his face.

Duane Bradley arrives in New York City with a locked wicker basket. He gets a room at a cheap hotel right down the hall from a sex worker named Casey. He takes some hamburgers and feeds them to a creature in his basket which talks to him telepathically. When Duane is out the next day, a man named Brian O'Donovan looks through Duane's keyhole in order to steal Duane's wad of money. Casey scares him off and informs Duane about it. Duane takes his basket to see Dr. Harold Needleman and befriends his assistant Sharon. Needleman contacts Dr. Judith Kutter and tells her about Duane's visit and Lifflander's death, but she ignores him. Duane goes back to Needleman's that night and empties the creature, who is revealed to be his twin brother Belial, onto the floor. Belial kills Needleman by gutting him with his claws.

The next day, Duane goes to meet Sharon at the Statue of Liberty and they kiss. Belial senses this and trashes the hotel room in a temper tantrum. He hides when the hotel manager opens the door to see what the commotion is. O'Donovan sneaks inside to steal Duane's money but is killed by Belial when he opens the basket. Duane senses the attack telepathically and hurries back. Duane tells Belial that he deserves some time for himself. Duane, with the basket, runs into Casey at a bar and drunkenly tells her that Belial is his twin brother.

A flashback relates their backstory. They were conjoined at birth and their aunt was the only one who would take care of them. However, the twins were surgically separated at an early age by Dr. Lifflander, Dr. Needleman and Dr. Kutter, which explains their hatred for the doctors. They then murdered their father, which was ruled an accident, and lived with their aunt before she died. They then went to murder the doctors who had separated them. Belial deeply resents being cut off from his normal-looking brother, and Duane equally resents how heartless everyone acts towards his brother.

Back in the present day, Belial sneaks into Casey's bedroom and scares her out before stealing her panties. The next day, Duane and Belial go to Dr. Kutter's office. She tries to dismiss them, but Duane reveals who he is before Belial kills Kutter by shoving her face into a drawer of sharp objects. Sharon goes to Duane's apartment seeking safety after Needleman's death and they start to make love before a jealous Belial starts screaming and Duane is forced to toss Sharon outside.

That night Belial goes out to find Sharon while Duane has a dream that tells him about it. Belial sneaks into Sharon's apartment and tries to rape her. He attacks and kills her when she wakes up and screams. Enraged at his brother for his actions, Duane takes Belial back to the apartment in a scene that attracts several people to his hotel room, which exposes the existence of Belial. Belial attacks Duane which results in the two brothers falling from a hotel window. They are knocked out as everyone surrounds their unconscious bodies.

Themes and interpretations
Author Jon Towlson wrote that the sexual desires of Belial in Basket Case provide the film with "a transgressive undercurrent", adding that Belial "can be seen as the id, the dark side within us all. Duane is the eternal misfit who carries his monster—his darkness—around in a basket, afraid to let it out for fear of transgression.

John Kenneth Muir argued that Basket Case examines the topic of abortion, highlighting a flashback scene that depicts Belial, "indisputably a life", being discarded in a trash bag: "[...] is a deformed monster such as Belial actually worth saving? Should he have been mercifully terminated rather than forced to live as he is, a thing more than a man? Basket Case hedges its bets and appears to come down on neither side of the pro-life/pro-choice equation. On the one hand, Belial is a murderous, nasty little bugger, but on the other, he's clearly capable of expressing love."

Development and filming
Writer-director Frank Henenlotter met producer Edgar Ievins during the production of the former's 1972 short film Slash of the Knife, and the two eventually collaborated on an unrealized film project titled Ooze. Henenlotter recalled, "We tried to get the money for Ooze and couldn't, so I just wrote a film that could be made for far less money. Right out in front, I wrote a film that was designed to be made for a low, low budget." The resulting screenplay, Basket Case, was written by Henenlotter as he walked around Times Square, which he called a "seedy, wonderful atmosphere." He reportedly wrote the dialogue for the film on napkins while in the basement of a Nathan's Famous.

Basket Case was shot on 16 mm film. It had a budget of about US$35,000, financed by a small production team largely with its own rental money to enable the film to be realized. It was shot in part on Manhattan's 42nd Street.

Henenlotter did not have control over the post-production, and the result was dark, murky, and converted to a different aspect ratio.

Special effects
The special effects for Belial consist largely of a puppet in some scenes and stop motion in others. When Belial's hand is seen attacking his victims, it is really a glove worn by Henenlotter. The puppet is used in scenes with an actor and where the eyes glow red. The sequence for Belial's rampage used stop motion animation.

Release
Basket Case was released theatrically in the United States by Analysis Film Releasing Corporation beginning in April 1982. Though filmed in 16 mm film, it was blown up to 35 mm for its original theatrical release. It played as a midnight movie for several years after this.

Contemporary reviews
Diane Haithman of the Detroit Free Press gave Basket Case a score of seven out of ten, writing that, despite it being "gratuitously bloody", as well as "occasionally much, much sicker" in its themes than other low-budget horror films of the time, "somehow, there's something likable, even touching about it. And that's scary enough in itself. [...] It's like E.T. as written and directed by a psychopath." A reviewer for Variety called Basket Case "an ultra-cheap monster film [...] with a tongue-in-cheek approach", commending the performances but criticizing the audio recording, "grainy blowup from 16 mm", and score.

John Stark, writing for the San Francisco Examiner, lamented Basket Case as a "crudely made, low-budget work [that] lacks the outrageousness and campiness that an underground film needs." He characterized the film as "too preoccupied with its monster, a badly constructed special effect", and wrote that "the gore and hokey-looking beast keep deflating the film's clever premise."

A quotation by film critic Rex Reed ("This is the sickest movie ever made!") that was used in promotional materials for the film was not from any printed review. Reed had sought out the film after hearing negative reviews and was asked his opinion after emerging from the cinema. Unknown to Reed, the person who asked him was director Frank Henenlotter. Initially furious that his comment was used to promote the film, Reed eventually relented and granted permission.

Retrospective assessments
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Basket Case holds a 77% approval rating based on 26 critic reviews, with an average rating of 6.3/10. The consensus reads: "While Basket Case definitely delivers all the gonzo gore promised by its cracked premise, it's really set apart by its rich vein of genuine pathos."

In 2001, G. Noel Gross of DVD Talk gave Basket Case a rating of five out of five stars, calling it "an undeniable, unavoidable and unforgettable clasSICK". In 2003, author Scott Aaron Stine wrote of the film: "The innovation and verve this movie displays surpasses its innumerable shortcomings, all products of a film that qualified as destitute before the cameras even started rolling. The fact that most of the 'actors' had probably never stepped foot in front of a camera prior to this only adds to the movie's squalid charm; their talents may be slim, but their presence is priceless."

In 2007, Muir called the film "a fine, competent low-budget effort that generates thrills and discomfort not only from its tale of symbiotic (and separated) Siamese twins, but from its authentic sense of place. New York City has never felt more delightfully and dangerously squalid." Muir goes on to call it "oddly compelling, deeply disturbing and inexplicably touching".

In 2011, David Harley of Bloody Disgusting wrote that the film's "warped sense of humor and brazen attitude make it a blast to watch and, ultimately, one of the best horror comedies of the 1980s." That same year, Heather Wixson of Dread Central gave the film three-and-a-half out of five stars, referring to it as an "insane masterpiece that lovingly celebrates the sometimes schlocky and sleazy side of cinema". Patrick Naugle of DVD Verdict wrote, "The movie is just pure shock value" but "a heck of a lot of fun."

2017 restoration
In March 2017, Basket Case was selected for preservation and restoration by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Henenlotter provided MoMA with the film elements required for the restoration, including the original 16 mm camera negative from which the restoration would be sourced. In addition to the film's footage being restored in 4K resolution, its audio also underwent a restoration, using the original magnetic tracks of the sound mix as the source.

Home media
Basket Case was released on Betamax and VHS by Media Home Entertainment. It was released on DVD in the United States by Image Entertainment in 1998. In 2001, a special edition DVD release of the film was issued by Something Weird Video.

On September 27, 2011, Something Weird Video released the film on Blu-ray. Henenlotter supervised the Blu-ray release himself, which features a restoration of the film taken from a 35 mm interpositive, with the original 16 mm negative (which had initially been thought lost) used as a reference.

In November 2017, it was announced that Arrow Video would be releasing Basket Case on Blu-ray and DVD, featuring the 4K restoration of the film overseen by MoMA. The release includes such bonus features as an audio commentary by Henenlotter and Van Hentenryck, interviews with members of the cast, a making-of featurette, and the 1972 Henenlotter-directed short film Slash of the Knife. The Arrow Video release was issued on February 27, 2018.

title: Basket Case (film)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article review/archive/April to June 2005

Newer nominations are at the top.


text:
Silicone grease

Silicone grease, sometimes called dielectric grease, is a waterproof grease made by combining a silicone oil with a thickener. Most commonly, the silicone oil is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the thickener is amorphous fumed silica. Using this formulation, silicone grease is a translucent white viscous paste, with exact properties dependent on the type and proportion of the components. More specialized silicone greases are made from fluorinated silicones or, for low-temperature applications, PDMS containing some phenyl substituents in place of methyl groups. Other thickeners may be used, including stearates and powdered polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). Greases formulated from silicone oils with silica thickener are sometimes referred to as silicone paste to distinguish them from silicone grease made with silicone oil and a soap thickener.

Industrial use
Silicone grease is commonly used for lubricating and preserving many types of rubber parts, such as O-rings, without swelling or softening the rubber, but is contraindicated for silicone rubber due to these factors. It functions well as a corrosion inhibitor and lubricant on non-metal-metal contact areas.

Silicone grease is soluble in organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is insoluble in methanol, ethanol, and water.

Thermal grease often consists of a silicone-grease base, along with added thermally conductive fillers. It is used for heat-transfer abilities, rather than friction reduction.

Pure silicone grease is widely used by the plumbing industry in faucets and seals, as well as in dental equipment. This is because it is not an ingestion hazard. Electrical utilities use silicone grease to lubricate separable elbows on lines that must endure high temperatures. Silicone greases generally have an operating temperature range of approximately -40 to 200 °C with some high-temperature versions extending this range slightly.

Chemical laboratories
Silicone grease is widely used as a temporary sealant and a lubricant for interconnecting ground glass joints, as is typically used in laboratory glassware. Although silicones are normally assumed to be chemically inert, several historically significant compounds have resulted from unintended reactions with silicones. The first salts of crown ethers (OSi(CH3)2)n (n = 6, 7) were produced by reactions of organolithium and organopotassium compounds with silicone greases or the serendipitous reaction of stannanetriol with silicone grease to afford a cage-like compound having three Sn−O−Si−O−Sn linkages in the molecule.

Lubrication of an apparatus with silicone grease may result in the reaction mixture being contaminated with the grease. The impurity may be carried through purification by chromatography in undesirable amounts. In NMR spectroscopy, the methyl groups in polydimethylsiloxane display 1H and 13C chemical shifts similar to trimethylsilane (TMS), the reference compound for those forms of NMR spectroscopy. As with TMS, the signal is a singlet. In 1H NMR, silicone grease appears at a singlet at δ = 0.07 ppm in CDCl3, 0.09 in CD3CN, 0.29 in C6D6, and −0.06 ppm in (CD3)2SO. In 13C NMR, it appears at δ = 1.19 ppm in CDCl3 and 1.38 ppm in C6D6. Tables of impurities commonly found in NMR spectroscopy have been prepared, and such tables include silicone grease.

Consumer products
Silicone-based lubricants are often used by consumers in applications where other common consumer lubricants, such as petroleum jelly, would damage certain products, such as latex rubber and gaskets on dry-suits. It can be used to lubricate fountain pen filling mechanisms and threads. Another common use is to lubricate keyboard stabilizer wires to reduce rattle.

Electrics
Silicone greases are electrically insulating and are often applied to electrical connectors, particularly those containing rubber gaskets, as a means of sealing and protecting the connector. In this context they are often referred to as dielectric grease.

A common use of this type is in the high-voltage connection associated with gasoline-engine spark plugs, where grease is applied to the rubber boot of the plug wire to help it slide onto the ceramic insulator of the plug, to seal the rubber boot, and to prevent the rubber's adhesion to the ceramic. Such greases are formulated to withstand the high temperature generally associated with the areas in which spark plugs are located, and can be applied to contacts as well (because the contact pressure is sufficient to penetrate the grease film). Doing so on such high-pressure contact surfaces between different metals has the further advantage of sealing the contact area against electrolytes that might cause rapid deterioration of the metals by galvanic corrosion.

Silicone grease can decompose to form an insulating layer at or next to switch contacts that experience arcing, and contamination can cause the contacts to prematurely fail.

SCUBA Diving
Silcone greases, of formulas qualified for such use, are often used for lubrication in the SCUBA industry. e.g. For lubricating components of gas pressure regulation and delivery equipment such as regulators, 'O' rings and couplings.

Some divers may use high PO2 'enriched' gas mixes containing more than the usual ~21% of Oxygen present in air as one of the ways to reduce the risk of decompression sickness, "the bends", on certain types of dive. Also, oxygen equipment between 60% and 100% is used to 'accelerate' decompression obligations. Silicone grease is used due to the risk that some non-silicone greases can spontaneously combust in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen.

title: Silicone grease


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ramoochi

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:19, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Ramoochi
Non-notable fictional character from an obscure blog. I recommend delete. --Alan Au 00:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Edcolins 09:52, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — since I voted to delete the website too. -Splash 18:41, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 03:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kazarki

Kazarki was a Khazar settlement. It was located west of the Volga River and north of Sarkel (probably in the present-day Penza Oblast), from roughly the 7th through the 10th centuries CE. The area around it was known in early Russian sources as Volost' Kazarskaya, or "Khazar region."

Resources

 * Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria, 3rd ed., Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2018.
 * Peter B. Golden. Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars, Vol. 1. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.

title: Kazarki


text:
User talk:Chris S

Fake Pentium Pro Logo
Please do not upload the fake Pentium Pro Logo again - it never had MMX. This seems to be photoshopped using a Pentium MMX or Pentium II/III Logo--Denniss 12:25, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

2005 South Asia earthquake
Thank you for your contribution at 2005 South Asia earthquake. Please keep it up!!!  Pradeepsomani  ( talk )

Collaborations of the Week/Willow Grove Park
Hi Chris,

I'm writing to ask you to visit this week's voting for Collaboration of the week and thought you might be interested in supporting Willow Grove Park. The Collaboration of the Week is a stub article that should be improved to Featured Article status when it would fill a gap in the eycyclopedia's content.

Thank you for your time,

--Quintin3265 21:30, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:P2 Xeon.gif
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Hyper t.png)
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Nforce2.gif)
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Orphaned non-free media (File:Socket 940.jpg)
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Speedy deletion nomination of File:Socket 479.jpg

A tag has been placed on File:Socket 479.jpg, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

it's a fair use image of a CPU socket which can replaced by an image under a free licence on Commons (see commons:File:Socket 479.jpg. The image on Commons has a slighty worse quality but is licenced under CC-BY-SA-2.5. However, I made some Images opf the socket 479 for Pentium M CPUs which - hopefully - will be uploaded not later than the end of the year. --D-Kuru (talk) 02:16, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of File:Pentium M.jpg

The file File:Pentium M.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * Equivalent media under a free license at Wikimedia Commons. Not F8 owing to the different licenses.

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title: User:Seano1


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Guthrie Govan

Guthrie Govan (born 27 December 1971) is a British guitarist and guitar teacher, known for his work with the bands the Aristocrats, Asia, GPS, the Young Punx and the Fellowship, as well as his solo project Erotic Cakes. More recently, he has collaborated with Steven Wilson and Hans Zimmer. He is a noted guitar teacher, working with the UK magazine Guitar Techniques, Guildford's Academy of Contemporary Music, Lick Library, and formerly the Brighton Institute of Modern Music. Govan was named "Guitarist of the Year" by Guitarist magazine in 1993.

Biography
Govan began playing guitar aged three, encouraged by his father, but initially learning mainly by ear. His father taught him three chords first, and introduced him to his record collection. Govan began listening to 1950s rock 'n' roll artists such as Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard, and later the Beatles, Cream, Jimi Hendrix, Frank Zappa, and AC/DC, among others. He worked out chords and solos from listening to the records. Half-Scottish, Govan was also heavily influenced by Zal Cleminson, a Scottish guitarist best known for his work with the Sensational Alex Harvey Band. At the age of nine, Govan and his brother Seth played guitar on a Thames Television programme called Ace Reports. At secondary school he was exposed, via older classmates, to "shred" guitarists of the time. His first electric guitar was a Gibson SG, which he keeps at home. After leaving school, Govan studied English at St Catherine's College at Oxford University. He dropped out after a year to pursue a career in music. Govan states that he was torn between continuing his studies or focusing on becoming a musician; he ultimately decided to concentrate on the latter. Around this time, (by Govan's own estimation, 1991 ) he sent demos of his work to Mike Varney of Shrapnel Records. Varney was impressed and offered him a record deal. Govan declined, despite initiating contact in the first place. He explained that: "it was as though all I really wanted to know was that I was good enough […] I found I was getting a bit weary of the shred movement."

In 1993, he won Guitarist magazine's "Guitarist of the Year" competition with his instrumental piece "Wonderful Slippery Thing." A version of this song was included on his debut solo album. The demo of the track earned him a place amongst several other entrants in the live final, which he then won. In the meantime, Govan hit upon the idea of transcribing music from records professionally, and submitted the most technically difficult piece he could think of (a Shawn Lane transcription) to Guitar Techniques magazine. This earned him a job as a contributor to the magazine, ending a spell working in fast food.

Guitar teaching
Govan has since worked with Guitar Techniques, providing transcriptions of songs, including his own track Wonderful Slippery Thing. Since the late 1990s, Govan has taught at the Guitar Institute in Acton, Thames Valley University, and the Academy of Contemporary Music. He formerly taught at Brighton Institute of Modern Music, and is invited to teach in seminars, masterclasses and clinics all around the world. In this context, he is known for his ability to teach a wide range of styles. Govan has published two books on guitar playing: Creative Guitar Volume 1: Cutting Edge Techniques and Creative Guitar Volume 2: Advanced Techniques.

Asia, GPS and the Young Punx
Govan began his involvement with Asia playing on the album Aura, after the band was unable to secure the services of their first two choices for guest guitarists: Brian May or Steve Lukather. Govan explained that he was then chosen as an "affordable" option for the band, which had not experienced recent chart success. With his work on the album complete, Govan was added to the Asia line-up for the tour to support the new album. He wrote an instrumental song, Bad Asteroid, which itself was based on material from Govan's early 1990s demo. He went on to play on the band's 2004 album Silent Nation. In 2006, Asia keyboardist Geoff Downes decided to reform the band with its original 3 members. Govan and two other band members, bassist/singer John Payne and Jay Schellen, along with keyboardist Erik Norlander continued under the name Asia Featuring John Payne. Govan left in mid-2009. He was replaced by virtuoso guitarist Mitch Perry, known for his work with Cher, Ratt, Lita Ford, and the Michael Schenker Group. Since Govan's departure from Asia featuring John Payne, they have gone on to considerable international success.

Payne, Govan and Schellen also formed GPS (named after the members' initials), and after the addition of Ryo Okumoto on keyboards the band released the album Window to the Soul (2006). Most of the material on that album was written for a proposed Asia album, but was scrapped by Geoff Downes when he reunited the original line-up of Asia.

Govan performs on a number of tracks on Your Music Is Killing Me, the debut album of UK electronic dance music act the Young Punx and is part of their live act. He also appears in the music video for their track Rockall.

Govan has played live guitar for Dizzee Rascal, including a performance on Later With Jools Holland.

Erotic Cakes and the Fellowship
Govan's debut solo album, Erotic Cakes, was released through Cornford Records in August 2006. In the album's sleeve notes, Govan states the album is a Simpsons reference (From the Episode "Treehouse of Horror VI"); he also explains that when playing live, the band is billed as Erotic Cakes rather than simply Guthrie Govan. In addition to bass by Govan's brother Seth and drumming by Pete Riley, the album features guitar solos by Richie Kotzen (whose Los Angeles studio was used to record the guitar tracks on the album) on Ner Ner and Bumblefoot on Rhode Island Shred respectively. Seth Govan and Pete Riley also complete the Erotic Cakes live band. Previous versions of Waves and Rhode Island Shred appeared on the compilation ''Guitar on the Edge, Vol 1. no.4'' (Legato Records, 1993). A version of his Guitarist of the Year winning piece, Wonderful Slippery Thing appears on the album. While this is his first album, Govan had been collaborating with drummer Pete Riley on the music since the mid-1990s. Govan faced a set-back after the albums were produced when several thousand copies of Erotic Cakes were stolen during a warehouse robbery and were never recovered, but the record company said that "if the thieves can sell all of the records they have a job here with us".

The Erotic Cakes band line up, with the addition of saxophonist Zak Barrett, also forms jazz-fusion band the Fellowship. The band used to play at the Bassment club in Chelmsford, Essex, every Thursday night and did so for several years. They continue to play at the Bassment club to this day, normally just two or three times a year.

The Aristocrats
In late 2011, Govan announced a new tour with a new band the Aristocrats, featuring Bryan Beller on bass and Marco Minnemann on drums. Their self-titled debut album was released worldwide in September 2011, followed by Culture Clash in 2013. In January 2015 The Aristocrats released their second live CD/DVD Culture Clash Live! through all official channels and a very special so-called official self-released bootleg double CD Secret Show - Live in Osaka, which was available only in their own webstore and during the live concerts at the merchandise table. The band's third official studio album, Tres Caballeros, was released on 23 June 2015. In March 2019 The Aristocrats recorded their fourth studio album (You Know What...?) in the Brotheryn Studios (Ojai, CA), which was released 28 June 2019. Most recently, the band toured around North America in 2022, and toured Asia and Europe in 2023.

Steven Wilson
Govan was the lead guitarist in Steven Wilson's band, performing on The Raven That Refused to Sing, Hand. Cannot. Erase., and 4½, and was a full-time touring musician for Wilson's band until April 2015. Govan left the band because of touring priorities with the Aristocrats whose touring schedule was clashing with Wilson's. Govan recommended Dave Kilminster as his replacement.

Hans Zimmer
From 2016 until 2023, Guthrie Govan was the lead guitarist in Hans Zimmer Live live band and has toured the world with this ensemble. Zimmer found Govan on YouTube where he saw Govan play a fretless guitar. After some messages were exchanged on Govan's official Facebook page (Govan thought he was dealing with an imposter first, until Zimmer sent him his private phone number and asked Govan to call him), he became part of the live band. In addition, he has contributed to a number of Hans Zimmer soundtracks such as The Boss Baby (2017), X-Men: Dark Phoenix (2019), The Lion King (2019), and Dune (2021). Govan played his last concert with Hans Zimmer on the 9th of June 2023 in Cologne Germany to focus on his tour with the Aristocrats.

Other projects
In 2013, Govan held a guitar workshop with Paul Gilbert. He is also one of the guest stars on Michael Angelo Batio's album Intermezzo, released in November 2013. Govan was also a guest guitarist on one song,  Electric in My Veins, in Nick Johnston's solo album, In a Locked Room on the Moon Govan was a guest guitar soloist in the song "Have a Blast" by Periphery.

In 2016, Govan played alongside Joe Satriani and Steve Vai in G3 2016 touring across Europe. The trek made its way through Italy and Germany and featured support from Mike Keneally on guitar, keyboards and vocals as well as Govan's band, the Aristocrats: bassist Bryan Beller and drummer Marco Minnemann.

Solo tours and guitar masterclasses
Since 2015 Guthrie Govan has embarked on more frequent solo tours, mostly in Asia where he has a lot of fans requesting him to perform live. He has toured extensively since then (when there were no tours scheduled with The Aristocrats or Hans Zimmer) across India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Philippines, South Korea, and Japan. In India, his band has included drummer Gino Banks and bass guitar prodigy Mohini Dey, both high-profile players in India. For concerts in Japan he relies on drum prodigy Senri Kawaguchi, keyboard player Akira Ishiguro and bassist Mohini Dey. During tours in Russia he teamed up with bassist Anton Davidyants and Hungarian drummer Gergő Borlai.

Govan is also a very in-demand clinician, often teaching specialized guitar masterclasses around the globe.

Influences and technique
Govan's earliest influences were Jimi Hendrix and Cream-era Eric Clapton; as such he describes himself as coming from a "blues rock background". While he is "wary" of 1980s technique driven guitar music ("shred") he cites the imagination of Steve Vai (as well as Frank Zappa, with whom Vai played) and the passion of Yngwie Malmsteen. Jazz and fusion elements are an important part of his style: he cites Joe Pass, Allan Holdsworth, Jeff Beck and John Scofield as pivotal influences in this respect. He also admires a lot of modern guitar players with different styles such as Derek Trucks and Alex Machacek. Although a very able player in a diversity of styles, Govan has a distinct playing style typically characterised by long, smooth runs often using chromatic notes to "fill in gaps", his fast and fluid tapping up and down the neck, funky slapping, and occasional use of extreme effects. Govan has said that the guitar is simply a "typewriter" for getting a musical message across. Due to his experience in listening to music and working out riffs, Govan states that he is often able to visualise playing in his head without even playing and said that he pretty much has all of the notes in his head before writing something or learning to play something to produce the sounds that he wants.

Equipment
An overview of all past and current gear Guthrie Govan uses.

In October 2012, Govan was seen using a Charvel guitar on tour. It was later confirmed to be a (koa) prototype. Govan stated in January 2013 that he and Suhr parted ways officially.

In July 2013, Charvel made it official that they had joined forces with Govan, who had been using their guitars for a few months.

Govan's model sported a caramelised basswood body, birdseye maple top, a caramelised maple neck, Sperzel locking tuners, custom pick-ups by Michael Frank-Braun and a custom in-house developed (floating) tremolo bridge similar in design to a Floyd Rose, but without fine-tuners.

In January 2014 at the NAMM Show, Charvel officially introduced the Charvel USA Guthrie Govan Signature Model in two versions: one with a Birdseye Maple top and the other with a Flame Maple top, both equipped with custom pickups. In 2017 Charvel added a newer lighter baked Ash body signature model to the GG-signature models and upgraded the former models with a single coil-humbucker switch.

In the past he has used Suhr Guitars: three different Guthrie Govan Signature Model guitars, three custom Standards, a Modern 24-fret model, a Classic and Classic T.

Before becoming a Suhr Guitars endorser he used a PRS guitar, as seen in many instructional videos from his early career.

Govan used a Strandberg 8-string while on tour with Hans Zimmer.

He also plays a Vigier fretless guitar (not endorsed).

Since 2013, Govan has started using amplifiers designed and produced by Victory Amplification for both Steven Wilson and the Aristocrats tours. He has been working closely with designer Martin Kidd (who was originally the brain behind the Cornford amps) getting the V30 and V30 Mk II made the way he likes a tube amp to sound. Since 2013, Govan has been taking his carry-on V30 across the globe. For the Hans Zimmer tours, Govan uses a Kemper profiler, because with an orchestra on stage and using in-ears it is not advised to blast loud noises through a cabinet.

In the past, Govan also has used Cornford amps. The sleeve notes of Erotic Cakes state he has used an RK100, MK50 and Hellcat. On the European tour of 2010 and 2011 he played Brunetti amplifiers (CustomWork Mercury 50) like his friend Dave Kilminster. With "The Aristocrats" he was using Suhr Badger 30 amps live, as well as a CAA PT-100 and the Badger 30 on the debut album.

Guthrie Govan, as stated before, uses his beloved Victory V30 MkII amplifier but to get the desired tone he prefers to use 4 x 12 cabinets with Celestion V30 Vintage speakers inside, slightly having a preference for cabinets made by Mesa (for the thick wood), Orange, Bogner. Mid 2022 Guthrie stopped using real amps for live shows.

Govan has been an analog fan concerning pedals, but for a few years (since 2016) he has been moving towards using a Fractal FX-8 live on tours. The small footprint makes it easier traveling for a musician and the current digital solution comes extremely close to the former analog experiences. Since mid 2022 Guthrie has changed his performance live gear to a Fractal FM9 (FX and amp simulator) and no longer uses any amplifier but only a powered monitor. This is an all digital switch. Further, in 2022, during The Aristocrats US Tour, Guthrie tested out an all-digital touring rig using the Fractal FM-9 and a few powered monitors / cabinets. Going fully digital gives Guthrie a chance to use multiple different modelled amplifiers across the entire set of the band and a few specific effects entirely impossible using analog equipment. In an interview Guthrie stated that he was quite embracing the digital world and experimenting with the possibilities that world offers.

As of October 2018 Govan used D'Addario NYXL 10-46 guitar strings. He was previously a Rotosound endorsed artist.

Guthrie went completely digital in 2023 during The Aristocrats tours in Asia and Europe and has tried out the Laney (full range) LFR-212's. After a successful tour he decided to sign up with Laney and use their powered cabinets on stage. (announced July 17, 2023)

Solo albums

 * Erotic Cakes (2006)

JTC backing tracks album

 * West Coast Grooves (2013)

With Asia

 * Aura (2001)
 * America: Live in the USA (2003, 2CD & DVD)
 * Silent Nation (2004)

With the Aristocrats
Studio albums
 * The Aristocrats (2011)
 * Culture Clash (2013)
 * Tres Caballeros (2015)
 * You Know What...? (2019)
 * The Aristocrats With Primuz Chamber Orchestra (2022)
 * Duck (2024)

Live albums
 * Boing, We'll Do It Live! (2012)
 * Culture Clash Live! (2015)
 * Secret Show: Live in Osaka (2015)
 * FREEZE! Live In Europe 2020 (2021)

With Steven Wilson

 * The Raven That Refused to Sing (2013)
 * Hand. Cannot. Erase. (2015)
 * 4½ (2016)

With GPS

 * Window to the Soul (2006)
 * Live in Japan (2006)

Collaborations and guest solos

 * Periphery – Periphery II: This Time It's Personal (guitar solo on "Have a Blast") (2012)
 * Various Artists – Jason Becker's Not Dead Yet! (Live in Haarlem) (2012)
 * Marco Minnemann – Symbolic Fox (2012)
 * Docker's Guild - The Mystic Technocracy – Season 1: The Age of Ignorance (2012)
 * Richard Hallebeek – Richard Hallebeek Project II: Pain in the Jazz, (2013), Richie Rich Music
 * Mattias Eklundh – Freak Guitar: The Smorgasbord, (2013), Favored Nations
 * Nick Johnston – In a Locked Room on the Moon (2013)
 * Nick Johnston – Atomic Mind - Guest Solo on track "Silver Tongued Devil"(2014)
 * Lee Ritenour – 6 String Theory (2010), Fives, with Tal Wilkenfeld
 * Jordan Rudess – Explorations (guitar solo on "Screaming Head") (2014)
 * Dewa Budjana - Zentuary (2016) - (Guest Solo on track "Suniakala")
 * Ayreon - The Source (2017)
 * Nad Sylvan - The Bride Said No (second guitar solo on "What Have You Done") (2017)
 * Jason Becker – Triumphant Hearts (guitar solo on "River of Longing") (2018)
 * Jordan Rudess – Wired for Madness (guitar solo on "Off the Ground") (2019)
 * Yiorgos Fakanas Group - The Nest .. Live in Athens (guitar) (2019)
 * Bryan Beller - Scenes From The Flood (guitar on the song Sweet Water) (2019)
 * Thaikkudam Bridge - Namah (guitar on the song "I Can See You") (2019)
 * DarWin - A Frozen War (Solos on 'Nightmare of My Dreams' and 'Eternal Life') (2020)
 * ANYWHEREDOOR - Observables (All guitars on 'Too Phart Gone') (2021)

Movie soundtracks

 * The Boss Baby - Hans Zimmer OST - Guitar, Banjo, Koto (2017)
 * X-Men: Dark Phoenix - Hans Zimmer OST - Guitars (2019)
 * The Lion King 2019 - Hans Zimmer OST - Guitars (2019)
 * Xperiments from Dark Phoenix - Hans Zimmer - Guitars (2019)
 * Dune - Hans Zimmer - Guitars (2021)
 * Dune: Part Two - Hans Zimmer - Guitars (2024)

title: Guthrie Govan


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List of Noteworthy Rochesterians of New York
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