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User:Sangwine

Steve Sangwine
I was a Senior Lecturer (now retired) in the School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK. I'm interested in railways and transport, electronics and computers, programming, digital signal processing, some mathematics. For more details see my personal web page. I don't have a lot of time to edit Wikipedia pages, but if I spot something while I'm reading stuff, I'll usually fix it.

title: User:Sangwine


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laodicean Church

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Woohookitty 11:17, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Laodicean Church
Does not appear to be encyclopedic. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 07:57, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Relisting --AllyUnion (talk) 08:05, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Nothing in here that could conceivably be merged into Seven Churches of Asia, so delete. Pilatus 10:47, 1 September 2005 (UTC) Keep after rewrite. Well done!Pilatus 13:01, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it adds nothing to related articles. Pilatus is right. Peeper 12:50, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * keep this church is directly addressed in the Book of Revelation (and there is a tome of scholarship on that), it is also mentioned in Colossians as the recipient of another (Pauline?) letter, and it is the site for the 4th cent Council of Laodicea. In addition to the Biblical accounts and Church history, there is (I think) relevant archaeology, (and, no doubt, classical references) to the ancient city. This could also be reported if renamed simply Laodicea - certainly worth an article. (If minor fictional players in transitory works get a mention (see Amee), then real ones in enduring works like the New Testament certainly do!) --Doc (?) 13:02, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * In the Letter to the Colossians that congregation is mentioned just in an aside, and what has come down to us as the Epistle to the Laodiceans is bogus. The Council of Laodicea is obscure and three centuries later than the mention in the Apocalypse. From my previous votes you know that I do not believe in splitting the information atom. Pilatus 13:26, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep And expand DV8 2XL 13:29, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, in the hope that Dr Doc will improve the article. Uppland 13:42, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I asked for that :o - major write begun --Doc (?) 16:50, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Definitely notable.  Smerdis of Tlön 16:56, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep As above. CalJW 22:03, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as notable early Christian church. Well done Doc for the rewrite. Capitalistroadster 02:00, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and repent for your deletionism.  —RaD Man (talk) 06:47, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, good work Doc. Proto t c 12:08, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, bad faith nomination? --Nicodemus75 10:50, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nope, article just rewritten since then --Doc (?) 14:06, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:81.10.17.25

title: User talk:81.10.17.25


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Shehzad Tanweer

Shehzad Tanweer (15 December 1982 – 7 July 2005) was a British Pakistani terrorist and one of four Islamist terrorists who detonated explosives in three trains on the London Underground and one bus in central London during the 7 July 2005 London bombings. 56 people were killed and over 700 wounded in the attacks.

Tanweer was named by Scotland Yard as the man who detonated a bomb while travelling eastbound on the Circle Line between Liverpool Street and Aldgate, killing both himself and seven of the 56 killed in the attacks. The other three men were identified as Hasib Hussain, Germaine Lindsay, and Mohammad Sidique Khan. All four homegrown terrorists were killed in the explosions.

Biography
Tanweer was born in St Luke's maternity hospital, Bradford to Parveen Akhtar, whose husband, Mohammed Mumtaz Tanweer, was originally from the Faisalabad region of Pakistan. In 1984, the family moved to the Beeston area of Leeds, then to Colwyn Road (also in Beeston) when Tanweer was seven. Known as Kaka (little one) by his family, he attended Wortley High School, where he was described as politically moderate by his friends, who knew him as an outstanding sportsman, excelling at cricket, triple jump, long-distance running, football, and ju-jitsu. He then attended Leeds Metropolitan University, where he studied sports science before leaving for Pakistan in 2004 to attend a course in Islamic studies.

At the time of his death, Tanweer is believed to have worked occasionally in his father's fish and chip shop. His father had previously owned a curry takeaway and a butcher's shop and was respected locally as a prominent businessman.

Tanweer attended several mosques including Bengali and Stratford Street mosque in Beeston, where two of the other London bombers, Mohammad Sidique Khan and Hasib Hussain, are also believed to have worshipped. He also frequented the Hamara Youth Access Point, a drop-in centre for teens, alleged to have been used as a recruitment centre by Khan.

Police have confirmed that Khan and Tanweer went on a two-hour rafting trip together on 4 June 2005 at the National Whitewater Centre in Snowdonia National Park in Wales. Forensic evidence found in rucksacks after the abortive 21 July London attacks has linked those attacks to a second group of young men of Asian appearance who booked a rafting trip there on the same day as Tanweer and Khan

Relatives in Pakistan have said that Tanweer had boasted of wanting to die as a "holy warrior" and that he was enamoured with Osama bin Laden. They noted that incidents such as the Qur'an desecration controversy of 2005 had "always been in his mind". Tanweer's body was buried at the shrine of a local Islamic saint in Tanweer's ancestral village in Samundari, Pakistan on 27 October 2005.

In 2011, evidence emerged that Tanweer had a 'secret girlfriend' with whom he had been intimately involved for a period of three years beginning in 2002, until shortly before his death.

Trip to Pakistan
After completing the hajj earlier in the year, Tanweer travelled to Pakistan for a course in Islamic studies at a madrasa. The Pakistani government has released footage of Tanweer arriving at Karachi International Airport with Mohammad Sidique Khan, believed to be the ringleader of the London bombers, on Turkish Airlines Flight TK 1056 on 19 November 2004. Tanweer and Khan stayed in Pakistan until 8 February, then flew back to London together. The youngest of the London cell, Hasib Hussain, arrived in Karachi from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 15 July 2004 on Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight SV 714.

Intelligence sources say the school was located in Muridke, Pakistan, 20 miles outside Lahore, named Jamia Manzoorul Islam and is believed to be connected with Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, a banned militant Islamist group. The madrasa has denied any connection with Tanweer.

London bombing
A few days before the bombing, Tanweer rented a red Nissan Micra from a local car-rental agency, and at around the same time, dyed his hair and eyebrows light brown, according to friends; this was due to the strong bleaching effect given off by the bombs' ingredients.

On 7 July, Tanweer, Khan, Hussain, and Lindsay are believed to have picked up the bombs from a house in the Burley area of Leeds, hiding them in large rucksacks, then to have driven to Luton, Bedfordshire in the red Nissan, which he left parked in Luton railway station car park.

In Luton, the men boarded the 07.48 Thameslink train, arriving at King's Cross in London at 08.20 hours, where they went their separate ways and detonated their bombs.

London Underground has confirmed that the three underground bombs exploded within 60 seconds of each other at 8:50 a.m.

Tanweer travelled eastbound on the Circle line from Kings Cross, detonating his bomb on train number 204 between Liverpool Street and Aldgate stations, also killing at least seven people. He was identified from body parts found in the carriage he blew up.

After the bombings, police found 16 other bombs in Tanweer's car, several of them so-called "initiators" for the rucksack bombs: plastic bottles turned into nail bombs, containing a detonator attached to an electrical cable. Felt-roofing nails were fixed to the outside of the bottles with their tips pointing outwards, apparently intended to cause maximum soft-tissue damage. The devices would then have had cakes of high explosive packed around them.

Video statement
On 6 July 2006, a video statement by Tanweer was broadcast by Al-Jazeera. In the video, which included remarks by al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, Tanweer said:

"What have you witnessed now is only the beginning of a string of attacks that will continue and become stronger until you pull your forces out of Afghanistan and Iraq. And until you stop your financial and military support to America and Israel." Tanweer argued that the non-Muslims of Britain deserve such attacks because they voted for a government which "continues to oppress our mothers, children, brothers and sisters in Palestine, Afghanistan, Iraq and Chechnya"

Tanweer's statement was therefore clearer in making this link with British foreign policy than that of Mohammad Sidique Khan, the presumed lead bomber. The video has also served to solidify speculation that both Khan and Tanweer had contact with Ayman Al-Zawahiri and other senior figures in the Al-Qaeda organisation while in Dubai.

The video also featured a segment by Adam Yahiye Gadahn.

Assets
Tanweer left behind £121,000, but left no will. A spokesman for the probate department at the High Court said: “The net amount figure of £121,000 is the realisable figure which is what is left after taxes and debts on the estate have been deducted."

title: Shehzad Tanweer


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Bjälbo

Bjälbo is a small village in Mjölby Municipality, Östergötland, Sweden.

The medieval House of Bjälbo had a church and a manor house at Bjälbo. Magnus Minnesköld was probably born here, and in around 1210 his son Birger Magnusson.

Today the church tower is preserved. The church was probably built in the first half of the twelfth century, reflecting new techniques brought by Cistercian monks from France in 1143. The surviving tower was probably added around 1220. Both structures are thought to have been projects of Ingrid Ylva, mother of Birger Jarl.

In 1173, King (or pretender) Kol Sverkerson was killed in a battle at Bjälbo.

title: Bjälbo


text:
Franky The Mobster

Marc-André Boulanger is a Canadian professional wrestler and actor, better known by his ring name Franky The Mobster (or F.T.M. for short).

He currently wrestles for Montreal's International Wrestling Syndicate (IWS) and Northern Championship Wrestling (NCW), the Ontario-based Blood Sweat and Ears (BSE) promotion, as well as other independent promotion. He also has made occasional appearances for Ring of Honor. In NCW, he has held the NCW Inter-Cities Heavyweight Championship three times, the NCW Quebec Heavyweight Championship on four occasions, the NCW Tag Team Championship five times, and the NCW Television Championship once. While competing for IWS, he won the IWS Heavyweight Championship and the IWS Tag Team Championship on one occasion each. He held the BSE Suicide Six-Pack Championship on one occasion in 2007.

He has previously worked for Combat Zone Wrestling, where he is a former CZW Iron Man Champion. He also made appearances for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, Canadian Championship Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Xtreme, and Elite Wrestling Revolution.

Northern Championship Wrestling
On October 11, 1997, Franky won the NCW Television Championship by defeating Daniel Léon, but only held it for a week, before dropping it to Black Eagle on October 18.

On December 18, 1999, Franky won the NCW Carlos Cup Championship by defeating Chakal, and held the championship until February 12, 2000, when he was defeated by Eric Shelley. Franky defeated Shelley the following month to regain the championship, but lost it to Steven the Sweet Boy less than a month later on April 1. In May, Franky won the championship for the third time, by defeating both Steven and Shelley in a three-way match. The championship was later vacated on September 9, due to Franky not defending it.

On January 13, 2001, Franky won his first NCW Quebec Championship by defeating Piranah. He held the championship for almost two months, before losing it to Guy Williams. He won the Quebec Championship for a second time a year later, by defeating Chakal on March 10, 2002. He lost it to Chakal two months later in May 2002. He won the championship for the third time on February 21, 2004, by defeating Manuel Vegas, but lost it to Chakal on April 3.

On October 29, 2021 Franky returned to NCW, defeating Jesse Champagne for his fourth NCW Quebec Heavyweight Championship.

International Wrestling Syndicate
Franky began competing regularly for the International Wrestling Syndicate (IWS) in 2004. He made his first IWS appearance on July 2 at Mid Summer Madness, by defeating Excess69. He continued competing for them over the next few months, both in singles and tag team competition. In August, he teamed with Kevin Steen to defeat Green Phantom and El Generico, and he went on to defeat Beef Wellington in October. On November 24, at Born to Bleed, he defeated Steen, Generico, Excess, Kurt Lauderdale and Pierre Carl Ouellet to win the IWS Heavyweight Championship. He had successful defenses against Ouellet, Steen and SeXXXy Eddy, before losing the championship to SeXXXy Eddy in a cage match also involving The Arsenal and Evil Ninja on July 9, 2005. He attempted to regain the championship on several occasions, but was unsuccessful.

He continued competing sporadically for the IWS for the next several years, facing wrestlers including Beef Wellington, Excess, Sofirios, Jake Matthews, Shane Matthews, Jagged, Brick Crawford, Pierre Carl Ouellet, and Eddie Kingston. At Know Your Enemies on March 28, 2008, Franky teamed up with Twiggy to defeat 2.0 (Jagged and Shane Matthews), The Super Smash Brothers (Player Uno and Stupefied) and The Untouchables (Dan Paysan and Jimmy Stone) in a four-way tag team match to win the IWS Tag Team Championship. Franky and Twiggy dubbed themselves "The Rock 'n Roid Express" and went on to successfully defend the championship against 2.0. At Hardcore Heat in August 2008, Up in Smoke (Cheech and Cloudy) won the Tag Team Championship by defeating Twiggy and El Generico, who was a replacement for Franky.

American independent promotions
Franky began competing for the Philadelphia-based promotion Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) in 2005. On February 2, 2005, Franky won the CZW Iron Man Championship by defeating B-Boy at Only The Strong. He held the championship for over six months, having successful championship defenses against Adam Flash at Liberated and Coming Full Circle in March, Beef Wellington in April at Trifecta 3, and Chris Hero in July at High Stakes 3. He eventually lost the championship to Kevin Steen at Deja Vu 3 on August 13. Following the loss of his championship, he did not appear in CZW again until December 2005, when he teamed up with Larry Sweeney to defeat Team Masturbation (Excalibur and Beef Wellington) at Cage of Death 7. His next and final appearance in CZW was in August 2006 at Trapped, when he competed in a three-team All Out War match as a member of The Canadian Team, alongside Kevin Steen, LuFisto, and El Generico against The Forefathers of CZW (Nick Gage, Justice Pain, and Eddie Kingston) and The Blackout (Ruckus, Sabian, Joker, and Robby Mireno), which The Forefathers of CZW won.

On March 10, 2007, Franky appeared at Pro Wrestling Guerrilla's Album of the Year show, where he teamed up with Kevin Steen as "Frank N' Steen" to lose to the team of Chris Bosh and Scott Lost.

In 2009, Franky began competing for Ring of Honor (ROH). He made his ROH debut at The Hunt Begins in Montreal on April 17, when he lost to Chris Hero. At Death Before Dishonor VII Night 1 in Toronto on July 24, Franky lost to D'Lo Brown. He won his first match in ROH at Death Before Dishonor VII Night 2 on July 24, when he defeated Bison Smith by disqualification.

Other promotions
Franky has made various appearances for Canadian independent promotions. He wrestled for the Apocalypse Wrestling Federation in 2002, and has appeared for the Quebec-based promotion Elite Wrestling Revolution on several occasions. One of his most notable matches for EWR occurred on April 5, 2005, when he defeated Homicide in a singles match.

On August 23, 2007, Franky made an appearance for Pro Wrestling Xtreme, when he unsuccessfully challenged Derek Wylde for the PWX X Championship.

On August 26, 2007, Franky won the Suicide Six-Pack Championship, by defeating the defending champion Ash, as well as Cody 45, Pierre Shadows, Vane, and Xtremo at Scorched Earth. He held the championship until May 10, 2008, when he lost it to Xtremo in a match also involving Bang Bang Pete, Johnny Devine, Kaz, and Akira Raijin.

On December 20, 2008, NCW announced that Franky The Mobster was in Toronto, Ontario trying out for World Wrestling Entertainment.

In 2012, Franky won the TOW Championship, after defeating Sylvain Grenier and Darkko in a triple-threat match.

In 2017, at WCPW Pro Wrestling World Cup Canadian qualifying round, Franky was defeated by Davey Boy Smith Jr. in the first round of the first round of the Canada Leg.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Blood Sweat and Ears
 * BSE Suicide Six-Pack Championship (1 time)
 * Canadian Championship Wrestling
 * CCW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Combat Zone Wrestling
 * CZW Iron Man Championship (1 time)
 * International Wrestling Syndicate
 * IWS World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * IWS World Tag Team Championship (2 times)
 * Northern Championship Wrestling
 * NCW Inter-Cities Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * NCW Quebec Heavyweight Championship (4 times, current)
 * NCW Tag Team Championship (5 times) - with Raiden (4) and Nightmare (1)
 * NCW Television Championship (1 time)
 * Northern Shore Pro Wrestling
 * Standing 8 Tournament (2015)
 *  Top of the World Wrestling
 * ToW Heavyweight Champion (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him #356 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010

title: Franky The Mobster


text: User talk:193.136.157.2

title: User talk:193.136.157.2


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User talk:Nicholas Perkins

Wikipedia Signpost — 16 March 2009  Unsubscribe · Single-page · Full edition »  — 16 March 2009

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Delivered by §hepBot  ( Disable )  at 23:24, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nicholas Perkins


text:
Lovely Music

Lovely Music (full name: Lovely Music Ltd.) is an American record label devoted to new American music. Based in New York City, the label was founded in 1978 by Mimi Johnson, an outgrowth of her nonprofit production company Performing Artservices Inc. It is one of the most important and longest running labels focusing exclusively on new music and has released over 100 recordings on LP, CD, and videocassette.

Composers represented on the label include Johnson's husband Robert Ashley (most of whose major works are in its catalog), as well as David Behrman, Alvin Lucier, Paul Dresher, William Duckworth, Jon Hassell, Joan La Barbara, David Tudor, Peter Gordon, and Meredith Monk, among others.

Catalog

 * 1001 (1978) Robert Ashley - Private Parts
 * 1002 (1979) Robert Ashley - Automatic Writing
 * 1003 (1990) Robert Ashley - Yellow Man With Heart With Wings
 * 1004 (1994) Robert Ashley - eL/Aficianado
 * 1005 (1998) Robert Ashley - Your Money My Life Goodbye
 * 1006 (2000) Robert Ashley - Dust
 * 1007 (2005) Robert Ashley - Celestial Excursions
 * 1008 (2006) Robert Ashley - Foreign Experiences
 * 1009 (2007) Robert Ashley - Now Eleanor's Idea
 * 1010 (2008) Robert Ashley - Concrete
 * 1011 (1980) Alvin Lucier - Music on a Long Thin Wire
 * 1012 (1981) Alvin Lucier - Panorama
 * 1013 (1981) Alvin Lucier - I Am Sitting In A Room
 * 1014 (1982) Alvin Lucier - Music for Solo Performer
 * 1015 (1983) Alvin Lucier - Still and Moving Lines of Silence in Families of Hyperbolas, 1-4
 * 1016 (1985) Alvin Lucier - Still and Moving Lines of Silence in Families of Hyperbolas, 5-8
 * 1017 (1988) Alvin Lucier - Sferics
 * 1018 (1990) Alvin Lucier - Crossings (Three Works for Classical Instruments and Oscillators)
 * 1019 (1994) Alvin Lucier - Clocker
 * 1021 (1990) Jon Hassell - Vernal Equinox
 * 1031 (1978) Peter Gordon -  Star Jaws
 * 1041 (1977) David Behrman - On the Other Ocean
 * 1042 (1978) David Behrman - Leapday Night
 * 1051 (1977) Meredith Monk - Key
 * 1061 (1978) “Blue Gene Tyranny - “Out of the Blue”
 * 1062 (1979) "Blue" Gene Tyranny - Just For The Record
 * 1063 (1982) "Blue" Gene Tyranny - The Intermediary
 * 1064 (1990) "Blue" Gene Tyranny - Free Delivery
 * 1065 (1994) "Blue" Gene Tyranny - Country Boy Country Dog
 * 1066 (2003) "Blue" Gene Tyranny - Take Your Time
 * 1081 (1979) Tom Johnson - An Hour For Piano
 * 1091 (1979) Gordon Mumma - Dresden / Venezia / Megaton
 * 1092 (1986) Gordon Mumma with Pauline Oliveros and David Tudor - Mesa / Pontpoint / Fwyyn
 * 1093 (2000) Gordon Mumma - Studio Retrospect
 * 1601 (1984) David Tudor - Pulsers / Untitled (aka Three Works for Live Electronics)
 * 1602 (1995) David Tudor - Neural Synthesis Nos. 6-9
 * 1801 (1982) Roger Reynolds - Voicespace I, III and IV
 * 1901 (1982) Pauline Oliveros - Accordion & Voice
 * 1902 (1984) Pauline Oliveros - The Wanderer
 * 1903 (1990) Pauline Oliveros - Crone Music
 * 2001 (1983) Éliane Radigue - Songs of Milarepa
 * 2003 (1987) Éliane Radigue - Jetsun Mila
 * 2011 (1996) Paul Dresher - This Same Temple
 * 2021 (1987) Roscoe Mitchell - Four Compositions
 * 2022 (1993) Roscoe Mitchell - Pilgrimage
 * 2031 (1983) William Duckworth - The Time Curve Preludes
 * 2032 (1987) William Duckworth - Thirty-One Days
 * 2033 (1994) William Duckworth - Southern Harmony
 * 2053 (1998) John Cage - Music of Changes
 * 2061 (1986) Maggi Payne - Crystal
 * 2071 (1990) Takehisa Kosugi - Violin Improvisations
 * 2081 (1989) Annea Lockwood - A Sound Map of the Hudson River
 * 2082 (1999) Annea Lockwood - Breaking the Surface
 * 2083 (2008) Annea Lockwood - A Sound Map of the Danube
 * 2091 (1991) Fast Forward - Panhandling
 * 3001 (1991) Joan La Barbara - Sound Paintings
 * 3002 (1994) Joan La Barbara - 73 Poems
 * 3003 (2003) Joan La Barbara - Voice Is the Original Instrument
 * 3011 (1991) Paul DeMarinis - Music As A Second Language
 * 3021 (1991) Thomas Buckner - Full Spectrum Voice
 * 3022 (1994) Thomas Buckner - Sign of the Times
 * 3023 (1998) Thomas Buckner - Inner Journey
 * 3024 (2000) Thomas Buckner - His Tone of Voice
 * 3031 (1992) Barbara Held - Upper Air Observation
 * 3041 (1993) Yasunao Tone - Musica Iconologos
 * 3051 (1994) Lois Svard - With and Without Memory
 * 3052 (1997) Lois Svard - Other Places
 * 3061 (1998) Leroy Jenkins - Solo
 * 3071 (1995) David Rosenboom - Two Lines
 * 3081 (2002) DownTown Ensemble - DownTown Only
 * 3091 (2001) Chris Mann - and the use
 * 3301 (1997) Robert Ashley - Atalanta (Acts of God)
 * 3303 (1997) Robert Ashley - Atalanta (Acts of God) Vol.II
 * 4001 (2004) Jacqueline Humbert - Chanteuse
 * 4917 (1991) Robert Ashley - Perfect Lives
 * 4921 (2002) Robert Ashley - In Sara, Mencken, Christ and Beethoven There Were Men and Women
 * 5001 (2016) Robert Ashley - Crash
 * 5002 (1992) Robert Ashley - Improvement (Don Leaves Linda)
 * 5011 (1999) Alvin Lucier - Theme
 * 5012 (2001) Alvin Lucier - Still Lives
 * 5013 (2009) Alvin Lucier - Music for Solo Performer & Sferics

title: Lovely Music


text:
Steam turbine locomotive

A steam turbine locomotive was a steam locomotive which transmitted steam power to the wheels via a steam turbine. Numerous attempts at this type of locomotive were made, mostly without success. In the 1930s this type of locomotive was seen as a way both to revitalize steam power and challenge the diesel locomotives then being introduced.

Advantages

 * High efficiency at high speed.
 * Far fewer moving parts, hence potentially greater reliability.
 * Conventional piston steam locomotives give a varying, sinusoidal torque, making wheelslip much more likely when starting.
 * The side rods and valve gear of conventional steam locomotives create horizontal forces that cannot be fully balanced without substantially increasing the vertical forces on the track, known as hammer blow.

Disadvantages

 * High efficiency is ordinarily obtained only at high speed and high power output (though some Swedish and UK locomotives were designed and built to operate with an efficiency equal to or better than that of piston engines under customary operating conditions including part-load). Gas turbine locomotives had similar problems, together with a range of other difficulties.
 * Peak efficiency can be reached only if the turbine exhausts into a near vacuum, generated by a surface condenser. These devices are heavy and cumbersome.
 * Turbines can rotate in only one direction. A reverse turbine must also be fitted for a direct-drive steam turbine locomotive to be able to move backwards.

Drive methods
There were two ways to drive the wheels: either directly via gears, or using generator-driven traction motors.

Argentina
The route from Tucumán to Santa Fe, Argentina goes through mountainous terrain with few opportunities to take on water. In 1925 the Swedish firm NOHAB built a turbine locomotive similar to Fredrik Ljungström's first design. The condenser worked quite well - only 3 or 4% of the water was lost en route and due only to leakage from the tank. The locomotive had reliability problems and was later replaced by a condenser-equipped piston steam locomotive.

France
Two attempts were made in France. One effort, the Nord Turbine, resembled the LMS Turbomotive in both appearance and mechanical layout. The project was canceled and the locomotive was built as a compound piston steam locomotive instead. The second attempt, SNCF 232.Q.1, was built in 1940. It was unusual in that its driving wheels were not connected by side rods. Each of its three driving axles had its own turbine. It was heavily damaged by German troops in World War II and was scrapped in 1946.

Germany
Multiple attempts at this type were made by German locomotive builders. In 1928 Krupp-Zoelly built a geared steam turbine locomotive. The exhaust of the turbine was fed to a condenser which both conserved water and increased the thermal efficiency of the turbine. Draught for the fire was provided by a steam-driven fan in the smokebox. In 1940, this locomotive was hit by a bomb. It was withdrawn from service and not repaired.

A similar machine was built by Maffei in 1929. Despite having a higher-pressure boiler, it was less efficient than the Krupp-Zoelly locomotive. It was hit by a bomb in 1943 and removed from service.

Henschel converted a normal DRG Class 38 steam locomotive to use a steam turbine in 1927. The locomotive itself was little modified, the major changes being to the tender which was fitted with coupled driving wheels in a 2-4-4 layout, driven by separate forward and reverse turbines. Both turbines were driven by intermediate pressure exhaust steam from the original cylinders. A condenser in the tender provided a vacuum for the turbine exhaust, increasing thermal efficiency. As the final exhaust was at negligible pressure, the original smokebox blastpipe had to be replaced by an electric draught fan in the smokebox.

Performance was disappointing, and the turbine tender was removed in 1937.

Italy
Giuseppe Belluzzo of Italy designed a number of experimental turbine locomotives. None were ever tested on main lines. His first was a small locomotive with four wheels, each fitted with its own small turbine. Reverse movement was accomplished by feeding steam into the turbines via a backwards-facing inlet. Steam turbines are designed to rotate in only one direction, making this method very inefficient. No one else appears to have attempted it.

Belluzzo contributed to the design of a 2-8-2 locomotive built by Ernesto Breda in 1931. It used four turbines in a multiple expansion arrangement. Belluzzo's US patent from that period shows the turbine driving a jackshaft through a gearbox in front of the locomotive's drivers. This locomotive was never completely fitted out.

In 1933, a FS Class 685 2-6-2 locomotive was the object of a curious experiment, in which the piston engine was removed and a turbine fitted in its place, leaving the locomotive otherwise completely unchanged. Tests run were however a failure, as its performance proved to be well below that of a normal 685; the turbine soon broke up, and that signalled the end of the attempt. In 1936 the locomotive was refitted with a normal piston engine.

Sweden
Swedish engineer Fredrik Ljungström designed a number of steam turbine locomotives, some of which were highly successful. His first attempt in 1921 was a rather odd-looking machine. Its three driving axles were located under the tender, and the cab and boiler sat on unpowered wheels. As a result, only a small portion of the locomotive's weight contributed to traction. In the mid-1920s, Ljungström filed a patent on a quill drive for a steam turbine locomotive.

The second design was a 2-8-0 similar to a successful freight design. Built in 1930 and 1936 by Nydqvist & Holm, these locomotives replaced conventional ones on the Grängesberg-Oxelösund Railway. No condenser was fitted, as its complexity outweighed its thermodynamic advantages. The wheels were driven by a jackshaft. These engines were not retired until the 1950s when the line was electrified. Three engines of this type were built, all three of which have been preserved. These can currently be seen in the Railway Museum of Grängesberg, two (71 and 73) being owned by the Grängesbergbanornas Järnvägsmuseum (GBBJ) and the third (72) by the Swedish Railway Museum.

Switzerland
The Swiss firm Zoelly built a turbine locomotive in 1919. It was a 4-6-0 locomotive fitted with a condenser. It was fitted with a cold-air blower feeding into the firebox grate rather than a suction fan in the smokebox. This avoided the complexity of building a fan that could withstand hot, corrosive gases, but introduced a new problem. The firebox was at positive pressure, and hot gases and cinders could be blown out the firebox doors if they were opened while the blower was operating. This potentially dangerous arrangement was eventually replaced with a smokebox fan.

United Kingdom
One of the more successful turbines operated in the United Kingdom, the LMS Turbomotive, built in 1935, was a variation of the Princess Royal 4-6-2 large passenger express locomotive. There was no condenser. Although a disadvantage for thermal efficiency of the turbine, it allowed the turbine exhaust to still be used through a blastpipe to draw the fire, as for a conventional steam locomotive and avoiding the separate draught fans that caused so much trouble for other turbine locomotives. See paper by Roland Bond ''J. Instn Loco. Engrs''., 1946, 36 (Paper 458) via Despite this limitation, it had greater thermal efficiency than conventional locomotives. The high efficiency mainly resulted from the fact that there were six steam nozzles directed into the turbine which could be turned on and off individually. Each nozzle could thus be allowed to operate, or not, at full power, rather than being inefficiently throttled to a lower pressure. A certain amount of inspiration appears to have come from Fredrik Ljungström's turbines in Sweden.
 * Turbomotive

The main turbine failed after eleven years in heavy service. The Turbomotive was converted to piston drive in 1952, renamed "Princess Anne" and shortly after entering service was withdrawn following the deadly Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash in 1952.

Another locomotive was built by Beyer, Peacock and Company, using the Ljungström turbine by Fredrik Ljungström. Like one of Ljungström's early designs, the driving wheels were under the tender. Performance was disappointing, however, partly because of poor heating of the boiler.
 * Other designs

The Reid-Ramsey locomotive (described below) was rebuilt by the North British Locomotive Company, replacing its electrical transmission with a direct drive from the turbine. Only a few tests were done before it was abandoned due to mechanical failures.

United States
In the waning years of steam, the Baldwin Locomotive Works undertook several attempts at alternative technologies to diesel power. In 1944, Baldwin built the sole example of the S2 class for the Pennsylvania Railroad, delivering it in September 1944. It was the largest direct-drive steam turbine locomotive in the world and had a 6-8-6 wheel arrangement. It was originally designed as a 4-8-4, but due to shortages of lightweight materials during World War II, the S2 required additional leading and trailing wheels. Numbered 6200 on the PRR roster, the S2 had a maximum power output of 6,900 HP (5.1 MW) and was capable of speeds over 100 mi/h. With the tender, the unit was approximately 123 ft long.

The steam turbine was a modified marine unit. While the gearing system was simpler than a generator, it had a fatal flaw: the turbine was inefficient at slow speeds. Below about 40 mph the turbine used enormous amounts of steam and fuel. At high speeds, however, the S2 could propel heavy trains smoothly and efficiently. The smooth turbine drive put far less stress on the track than a normal piston-driven locomotive. However, poor efficiency at slow speeds doomed this turbine, and with diesel-electrics being introduced, no more S2s were built. The locomotive was retired in 1949 and scrapped in May, 1952.

United Kingdom
The Reid-Ramsey turbine, built by the North British Locomotive Company in 1910, had a 2-B+B-2 (4-4-0+0-4-4) wheel arrangement. Steam was generated in a standard locomotive boiler, with superheater, and passed to a turbine generator. Exhaust steam was condensed and recirculated by small auxiliary turbine pumps. The armatures of the motors were mounted directly on the four driving axles. It was later rebuilt as a direct-drive turbine locomotive as noted above.

The Armstrong Whitworth turbine, built in 1922 (image right), had a 1-C+C-1 (2-6-6-2) wheel arrangement. It was fitted with a rotary evaporative condenser, in which the steam was condensed by passing it through a rotating set of tubes. The tubes were dampened and cooled by the evaporation of water. The loss of water from evaporation was far less than what it would have been with no condenser at all. The airflow in the condenser had to take a convoluted path, reducing the condenser's efficiency. The locomotive was overweight and a poor performer. It was returned in 1923 and scrapped.

United States

 * General Electric

General Electric built two steam turbine-electric locomotives with a 2+C-C+2 (4-6-6-4) wheel arrangement for the Union Pacific in 1938. These locomotives essentially operated as mobile steam power plants and were correspondingly complex. They were the only condensing steam locomotives ever used in the United States. A Babcock & Wilcox boiler provided steam, which drove a pair of steam turbines which powered a generator, providing power to the electric traction motors that drove the wheels, as well as providing head-end power for the rest of the train. Boiler control was largely automatic, and the two locomotives could be connected together into a multiple unit, both controlled from a single cab. The boiler was oil-fired, and the fuel was "Bunker C" heavy fuel oil, the same fuel used in large vessels, and also the fuel which was later used in Union Pacific's gas turbine-electric locomotives.

Union Pacific accepted the locomotives in 1939, but returned them later that year, citing unsatisfactory results. The GE turbines were used during a motive power shortage on the Great Northern Railway in 1943, and appear to have performed quite well. However, by the end of 1943, the wheels of both locomotives were worn to the point of needing replacement, and one of the locomotive's boilers developed a defect. The locomotives were returned to GE and dismantled.

 * C&O Railway

In 1947–1948 Baldwin built three unusual coal-fired steam turbine-electric locomotives for passenger trains on the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O). Their designation was M1, but because of their expense and poor performance they acquired the nickname "Sacred Cow". The 6000 hp units, which had Westinghouse electrical systems, had a 2-C1+2-C1-B wheel arrangement. They were 106 feet (32 m) long. The cab was in the center with a coal bunker ahead and a conventional boiler behind it, with the tender only carrying water. These locomotives were intended for a route from Washington, D.C. to Cincinnati, Ohio but could never travel the whole route without some sort of failure. Coal dust and water frequently got into the traction motors. While these problems could have been fixed given time, it was obvious that these locomotives would always be expensive to maintain and all three were scrapped in 1950.

In May 1954 Baldwin built a 4500 hp steam turbine-electric locomotive for freight service on the Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W), nicknamed the Jawn Henry after the legend of John Henry, a rock driller who famously raced against a steam drill and won, only to die immediately after. Length including tenders was 161 ft 1-1/2 inches, probably the record for a steam locomotive; engine-only length was 111 ft 7-1/2 inches, perhaps the record for any single unit.

The unit looked similar to the C&O turbines but differed mechanically; it was a C+C-C+C with a Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boiler with automatic controls. The boiler controls were sometimes problematic, and (as with the C&O turbines) coal dust and water got into the motors. The Jawn Henry was retired from the N&W roster on January 4, 1958.

title: Steam turbine locomotive


text:
Angola Air Charter

Angola Air Charter is a charter airline based in Luanda, Angola. It operates cargo charters in Africa. Its main base is Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda.

History
The airline was established in 1987 and is wholly owned by TAAG Angola Airlines.

Fleet
The Angola Air Charter fleet consists of the following aircraft :

 * 1 Embraer EMB-120RT Brasilia

Previously operated
Angola Air Charter has also operated:

 * 7 Boeing 707
 * 1 707-321C
 * 2 707-324C
 * 1 707-347C
 * 2 707-351C
 * 1 707-373C
 * 10 Boeing 727
 * 1 727-21
 * 1 727-22C
 * 2 727-23
 * 1 727-23F
 * 1 727-44
 * 1 727-51C
 * 1 727-77(C)
 * 1 727-116(C)
 * 1 727-151(C)
 * 1 Boeing 737-200
 * 7 Lockheed Hercules
 * 1 L-100-20 Hercules
 * 6 L-100-30 Hercules
 * 3 Antonov An-12
 * 1 AN-12
 * 2 AN-12BP
 * 1 Embraer EMB-120RT Brasilia
 * 1 Ilyushin IL-76

title: Angola Air Charter


text:
Talk:Odysseas Elytis

Untitled
This is a terrible translation software dump. --Jpbrenna 08:03, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Yup. i will try to fix it soon. - Fthr

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OdysseAs or OdysseUs?
We're being very inconsistent in our spelling of his first name. --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  20:43, 26 June 2021 (UTC)

 * OK, I've checked at Greek WP et al, and it seems both his birth name and his pseudonym were always Odysseas, although some sources give him the Odysseus spelling, probably because that's the normal English spelling. I've made the appropriate corrections. --  Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  03:01, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Odysseas Elytis


text:
X-Men: Next Dimension

X-Men: Next Dimension (alternatively titled X-Men: Mutant Academy 3) is a fighting game, released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube video game consoles. It is the third installment in the X-Men: Mutant Academy fighting game series, following X-Men: Mutant Academy and X-Men: Mutant Academy 2.

Next Dimension expands upon the concept of the first two games by adding several new characters, 3D maps, and a story mode, which allows the player to fight a series of battles in between short movies that move the plot along. The game's plot serves as a sequel to the events of the comic story "Operation: Zero Tolerance".

Gameplay
The gameplay mechanics are tailored to a very gradual learning curve: super attacks are performed by pressing two punch or kick buttons simultaneously, and multi-hit combos can be executed by pressing the punch and kick buttons in a particular order (a feature similar to Darkstalkers' chain combos). The game features an extensive combo system, including normal chains, air juggles, and air launchers. In addition to the basic blocking system, players have various counterattacks available to them that can be executed by simply pressing the counterattack button and a direction on the controller. The counter-attacks are specific to the type of attack the player is countering.

The fighting stages are fully 3D rendered stages with their own layouts. As in Dead or Alive 3 it is possible to knock an opponent to a different part of the stage, which functions as its own individual stage. In the X-Mansion, for example, an opponent can be knocked from the Hangar to the Hallway, then to the outer courtyard where, after the 2nd round, the basketball court opens up, allowing a player to be knocked back into the Hangar.

While in Story Mode, only a limited set of characters are available for each battle; Arcade Mode allows the player to select from any of the playable characters in a series of eight battles. The Two-Player Versus Mode also allows players to choose from any of the unlocked characters. The game also features a Survival Mode, in which a single player is pitted against a never-ending flow of computer-controlled opponents in a test of endurance.

In addition to the standard moves, the player can also access special and super attacks. The special attacks include blasts/beams (some of which can stun an opponent), physical attacks that have special effects (such as moving to one side before hitting) and attack throws. There are several different types of super attacks, and each have four different levels of power.
 * Projectile Supers: These come in two forms. The most used form is the beam, which is a continuous stream that causes a set amount of damage if it connects. The best example of this is Cyclops' Optic Blast. There are also gun or blast projectiles which can be fired a set number of times, such as Gambit's 52 Card Pickup special.
 * Physical Supers: As the name implies, Physical Supers are supers that involve the character physically engaging with the opponent. Physical Supers are different from Attack Throw Supers because Physical Supers will continuously attack even if an opponent is blocking. Blob is the only character that has a Physical Super at levels 3 or 4.
 * Attack Throw Supers: Different and more numerous than Physical Supers, Attack Throws are attacks that only do full damage after an initial hit or grapple and are only effective if the intended victim is not performing a blocking maneuver. Most characters have at least one Attack Throw Super, and some (such as Toad or Beast) have a full arsenal of Attack Throws. Examples include Bishop's Professional Hit special, Sabertooth's Spin Cycle, and Toad's Paddletongue.
 * Unique Supers: These are supers that are unique to a certain character and include Sabertooth and Wolverine's Regeneration.

Many of the attacks and motions in the game are influenced by those available to the player in the Marvel vs. Capcom series. Three of Wolverine's attacks (his level 3 super, his Adamantium attack, and its super) are examples of this.

The GameCube version includes exclusive modes: Team and Practice. The Xbox version features an extra stage and the ability to play as Pyro.

Plot
Narrated by Patrick Stewart (reprising his role as Professor Charles Xavier from the X-Men movies), the game's plot is built around the Prime Sentinels retrieving the head of Bastion, and Bastion's subsequent attempt to wipe out mutant-kind. The game opens with the Prime Sentinels freeing Bastion from S.H.I.E.L.D. imprisonment, then disguising themselves and selling the defense plans of Professor Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters -the X-Men's home and training grounds- to the Brotherhood of Mutants. The game then moves forward to Forge fighting off Mystique and Nightcrawler in a city ravaged by a Prime Sentinel invasion. The graves of Anthony Stark, Warren Worthington III, Peter Parker, and Benjamin Grimm can be seen in the background. This is revealed to be a Danger Room simulation, and the X-Men begin training their adaptivity by fighting opponents who have a tactical advantage.

During this training session, Juggernaut and the Brotherhood (consisting of Mystique, Toad, and Sabretooth) make their assault on the mansion. Xavier is curious as to the nature of their attack, worrying that it seems "too focused, almost like a distraction" and sends Forge to investigate the grounds. He discovers that the attack was a distraction, and that the grounds are now being patrolled by Prime Sentinels.

After attempting to fight off the Sentinels, Forge is abducted and the Brotherhood retreats. Restrained in the company of Bastion, the seemingly human Sentinel tells Forge he intends to use the man's mutant gift to bring about the extinction of mutants. He steals various weapon designs from Forge's mind, including a powerful weapon capable of stripping a mutant of their powers. In an attempt to throw the X-Men off his scent, He sends the Brotherhood to different locations across the world. The X-Men split up and engage each member in a bid to find Forge and stop the Prime Sentinel. After their defeat, the Brotherhood retreats to find Magneto in the Savage Land, only to find that Magneto has been hunted down by the Sentinels as well and is no longer in control of his fortress. The X-Men, having followed the Brotherhood, also arrive and Magneto charges the Brotherhood to fight them off long enough to convince them to join forces.

With the X-Men and the Brotherhood forming a temporary alliance, the team fights their way through a legion of Sentinels, though not without losses of their own. In the end, Magneto, Wolverine, Juggernaut and Phoenix invade the tower for the final battle with Bastion. Bastion uses Magneto's trans-mat system to transport Juggernaut away from the tower, then escapes to Asteroid M, but he is followed by a piggybacking Wolverine. Wolverine, whose healing factor was disabled by the Sentinels earlier, manages to defeat Bastion. Magneto and Phoenix arrive to help Wolverine, and Magneto prevents a weakened Bastion from escaping again. The two battle, and Magneto is defeated.

When Bastion returns to the central room, he finds Phoenix, who challenges and finally defeats him. The Prime Sentinels are disbanded, and the X-Men and the Brotherhood agree to a temporary cease-fire while the wounded are restored to health. Forge is freed and he reverses the effects of his weapon, restoring everything to normal. With Bastion returned to S.H.I.E.L.D., the X-Men are free to continue training to fight for a better future.

Upon reaching the ending level of Asteroid M, the player has the chance to fight Bastion as three characters: Wolverine, then Magneto, and finally Phoenix. Whether Wolverine defeats Bastion or is defeated himself, the game proceeds to Magneto's fight with Bastion. If Magneto defeats Bastion, the finale video is simply accelerated and Phoenix does not fight Bastion. If Magneto is defeated, Bastion and Phoenix comprise the final fight of the game.

Alternate endings:
 * As Phoenix prepares to finish Bastion, Cyclops appears to help Phoenix. However, while they are both distracted, Bastion kills Cyclops by blasting him and leaves his lifeless body floating in space. Distraught over her husband's death, Phoenix transforms into Dark Phoenix and unleashes her fury on Bastion. Professor X detects Dark Phoenix's presence and is knocked over when Dark Phoenix destroys Asteroid M, also killing Wolverine and Magneto in the process. As Dark Phoenix flies through space, she destroys the Moon, and then turns to (presumably) destroy the Earth as well.
 * Juggernaut is revealed to be alive and well, but is trapped on Mars. As he is tossing a rock, it lands on his head, to which he replies "This sucks!".

Characters
X-Men: Next Dimension features twenty-four playable characters, plus one additional character exclusive to the Xbox version. Many can be unlocked through gameplay in other modes, and alternate costumes for each character are also available. The main costumes for each character are based on the two main X-Men comics at the time, New X-Men and X-Treme X-Men. Of these, two essentially mirror other characters, although still retaining their individuality: Phoenix is essentially similar to the unlockable Dark Phoenix, although the two differ in certain Supers (Phoenix's are more psi-based, while Dark Phoenix takes her powers from the fiery appearance of the Phoenix). Similarly, Betsy and Psylocke are essentially the same character, given that "Betsy" is based on the Betsy Braddock's telepathic incarnation and employs a "psi-blade" emerging from her fist, and "Psylocke" is based on the more recent telekinetically powered version and manifests a fully formed psionic katana in combat.

 * Bastion
 * Beast
 * Betsy
 * Bishop
 * Blob
 * Cyclops
 * Dark Phoenix
 * Forge
 * Gambit
 * Havok
 * Juggernaut
 * Lady Deathstrike
 * Magneto
 * Mystique
 * Nightcrawler
 * Phoenix
 * Psylocke
 * Pyro
 * Rogue
 * Sabretooth
 * Sentinel A
 * Sentinel B
 * Storm
 * Toad
 * Wolverine

Reception
Much like X-Men: Mutant Academy and unlike X-Men: Mutant Academy 2, X-Men: Next Dimension received mixed or average reviews. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 61.79% and 61 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; 59.30% and 56 out of 100 for the Xbox version;  and 62.62% and 63 out of 100 for the GameCube version. Some critics and fans said Next Dimension is the best game in the Mutant Academy franchise. Others criticized the GameCube and Xbox versions for its inspiration from Dead or Alive 3. Despite the criticism, many praised all versions for its improved gameplay, new characters, and excellent 3D environments.

title: X-Men: Next Dimension


text: User talk:62.255.252.74

title: User talk:62.255.252.74


text:
Arsenius

Arsenius (Latinized form) and Arsenios (Greek form) is a male first name. It is derived from the Greek word arsenikos (ἀρσενικός), meaning "male", "virile".

It may refer to:

 * Saint Arsenius the Great (c. 350 – 445), also known as Arsenius the Deacon, Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, and Arsenius the Roman
 * Saint Arsenius of Corfu, first bishop of Corfu, (d. 800 AD or perhaps 959 AD) one of the principal patron saints of Corfu
 * Patriarch Arsenius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria from 1000 to 1010
 * Arsenius Autorianus (died 1273), Patriarch of Constantinople
 * Arsenius Apostolius (c. 1468 – 1538), Greek scholar and Bishop of Monemvasia
 * Gualterus Arsenius (? – c. 1580), instrument maker
 * Arsenius Walsh (1804 – 1869), Irish Catholic missionary in Hawaii
 * Saint Arsenios the Cappadocian (1840-1924), god father and spiritual father of Saint Paisios of Mount Athos
 * Arsenius Stadnitsky (1862 – 1936), Archbishop and then Metropolitan of Novgorod from 1910 to 1933
 * Arsenios the Cave-Dweller (1886 – 1983), Greek Orthodox monk and elder at Mount Athos

Variants

 * Armenian: Arsen
 * Georgian: Arsen
 * French: Arsène
 * Italian, Portuguese and Spanish: Arsenio
 * Kazakh: Arsen
 * Macedonian: Arsen
 * Polish: Arseniusz
 * Romanian: Arsenie
 * Russian: Arseny (Арсений, also transliterated as Arseni, Arseniy, Arsenij, Arsenii). The Russian surname Arsenyev is derived from it. The older form of this name is Arsentiy (Арсентий)
 * Serbian and other South Slavic languages: Arsenije and diminutives Arsen, Arsa
 * Lithuanian: Arsenijus
 * Hungarian: Arzén

title: Arsenius


text:
Turbine locomotive

Turbine locomotive may refer to:

 * Gas turbine locomotive, uses a gas turbine as a power source and drives the wheels via a mechanical transmission
 * Gas turbine-electric locomotive, uses a gas turbine to power an alternator, which in turn powers traction motors
 * Steam turbine locomotive, uses a boiler and steam turbine as a power source

title: Turbine locomotive


text:
Wheel of fire

In a literary context, a wheel of fire may refer to the chain of tortuous or dire consequences that result from a single action.

In mythology
The Wheel of Fire originates in Greek mythology as the punishment for Ixion, who was bound to a wheel of fire for lusting after Zeus's wife, Hera.

In literature
The Wheel of Fire is part of the Aristotelian reading of a tragedy (e.g., plays), which includes the central flaw within a character. In Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the flaw in Othello himself is his vulnerability to jealousy and his tendency to believe Iago, who is manipulating Othello into believing his wife is unfaithful. As a result of this flaw Othello loses a loyal friend, murders his wife, and is driven insane before eventually committing suicide. In this scenario the Wheel of Fire begins with the action of Othello trusting Iago and consequently the other events occur.

The Wheel of Fire is most commonly applied to the protagonist within a tragedy (i.e. the hero) and may aim to provoke sympathy from the audience when the hero falls from grace (this purging of emotions is known as catharsis), though it also adds dramatic interest to the performance.

The Wheel of Fire is also the title of G. Wilson Knight's book on Shakespearean tragedy.

In Shakespeare's King Lear, Lear states: "But I am bound upon a wheel of fire, / That mine own tears do scald like molten lead".

In Tolkien
In J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings the One Ring is described as a "wheel of fire".

 * "Sam, and there is no veil between me and the wheel of fire. I begin to see it even with my waking eyes, and all else fades." -- Frodo Baggins to Samwise Gamgee (chapter Mount Doom in The Return of the King).

Also:

 * "A crouching shape, scarcely more than the shadow of a living thing, a creature now wholly ruined and defeated, yet filled with a hideous lust and rage; and before it stood stern, untouchable now by pity, a figure robed in white, but at its breast it held a wheel of fire." -- A description of Gollum and Frodo, respectively, as seen by Samwise.

title: Wheel of fire


text:
Bitrate peeling

Bitrate peeling is a technique used in Ogg Vorbis audio encoded streams, wherein a stream can be encoded at one bitrate but can be served at that or any lower bitrate.

The purpose is to provide access to the clip for people with slower Internet connections, and yet still allow people with faster connections to enjoy the higher quality content. The server automatically chooses which stream to deliver to the user, depending on user's connection speed.

, Ogg Vorbis bitrate peeling existed only as a concept as there was not yet an encoder capable of producing peelable datastreams Bounties - XiphWiki.

Difference from other technologies
The difference between SureStream and bitrate peeling is that SureStream is limited to only a handful of pre-defined bitrates, with significant difference between them, and SureStream encoded files are big because they contain all of the bitrates used, while bitrate peeling uses much smaller steps to change the available bitrate and quality, and only the highest bitrate is used to encode the file/stream, which results in smaller files on servers.

A related technique to the SureStream approach is hierarchical modulation, used in broadcast, where severally different streams at different qualities (and bitrates) are all broadcast, with the higher quality stream used if possible, with the lower quality streams fallen back on if not.

Lossy and correction
A similar technology is to feature a combination of a lossy format and a lossless correction; this allows stripping the correction to easily obtain a lossy file. Such formats include MPEG-4 SLS (scalable to lossless), WavPack, DTS-HD Master Audio and OptimFROG DualStream.

SureStream example
A SureStream encoded file is encoded at bitrates of 16 kbit/s, 32 kbit/s and 96 kbit/s. The file will be about the same in size as three separate files encoded at those bitrates and put together, or one file encoded at the sum of those bitrates, which is about 144 kbit/s (16 + 32 + 96). When a dial-up user has only about 28 kbit/s of bandwidth available, the Real server will serve the 16 kbit/s stream. If the dial-up connection is of higher quality, and maybe about 42 kbit/s is available, the server will automatically switch to the 32 kbit/s stream. A DSL or cable Internet user will be served the 96 kbit/s stream. This looks good, but even though the user with 28 kbit/s can use a higher bitrate / higher quality stream (maybe 22–24 kbit/s), such thing can't be done with SureStream, unless the encoded file contains such a bitrate. This is where Bitrate Peeling comes into play.

Bitrate peeling example
Contrary to SureStream, bitrate peeling requires only the highest bitrate to be used when encoding a file/stream, which is 96 kbit/s in this case. The obvious benefit is much smaller space on a server required by such a file. An additional feature of bitrate peeling is a much finer tuning of available bitrate/quality.

If a dial-up user with 28 kbit/s available bandwidth connects to an Ogg Vorbis file/stream, the server will "peel" the original 96 kbit/s file/stream down to just below available bandwidth (in this case it would be around 20–24 kbit/s). This so-called peeling process is different from transcoding because transcoding uncompresses the file and recompresses it (a computing-intensive process), whereas the peeling process removes excess bits from the stream without more processing.

Aside from the obvious space-saving advantage bitrate peeling allows for smaller steps in the delivery bitrate (the end user will see the file in the highest quality possible for their bandwidth).

These benefits are only theoretical, as the only Vorbis peeler available is still in experimental state and produces file qualities inferior to what transcoding the higher bitrate file to a lower bitrate would.

Comparison with other progressive encodings
Bitrate peeling is theoretically possible, and is implemented in some other formats, notably JPEG 2000, JPEG progressive encoding, and Scalable Video Coding.

The reason that it is not available in Ogg Vorbis is that current encoders do not organize the code-stream to have progressive accuracy, thus peelers cannot tell which data is more or less important.

See also the Adam7 algorithm used in PNG interlacing.

title: Bitrate peeling


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Cantus 3/Proposed decision

Hi there! Sorry to bump in here, but I read over the following proposal, "All prior remedies which are not limited to a one year term are limited to a term of one year." and was wondering if that can be anything else than a paradox? Radiant_ >|< 08:14, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Not nearly far enough
I would like to object to the somewhat tame response from the Arbitrators on this case. The remedies do not go far enough because they do not make enough difference.

 * Cantus banned from certain articles 2) User:Cantus is banned from editing the articles Developed country, Template:Europe and Terri Schiavo
 * This misses the point entirely. Frankly, these were examples of just a few of his long-term edit wars.  I've added more examples to the evidence to show this, and if I need to go into more detail I will.  Cantus is a persistent edit warrior on any page he works on, articles and templates alike.  Please come up with something that we can use to stop these and all future wars.  I don't know how best to phrase this, but I'd like to make "re-reverting" go away and force him to at least make an effrot to get agreement on talk pages.

 * Sockpuppets 1.1) Should User:Cantus use a verifiable sockpuppet to edit articles from which he is banned he may be banned from Wikipedia for one month.
 * Please change this to "... from which he is banned , to evade any block, or to evade any other editing restrictions he may be banned from Wikipedia for up to one month."  Most of his sock puppet use comes when he is blocked and also when he wants to revert, but wants to avoid being blocked under his one-revert-per-day restriction.

 * Cantus 2 3) Cantus is limited to one revert per article per 24 hour period. Should he violate this, an admin may ban him for a short period of time (up to a week).
 * This is the text from a previous case. Minimally, to avoid confusion and to reflect the fact that he revert wars on templates and other pages, please make this revert restriction apply to any page.

For continued disruption, edit warring, and especially block evasion and sockpuppetry, I'd also like to see if any hard-bans could also be considered. Thanks for looking into this. -- Netoholic @ 13:47, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Even while this case open, Cantus continues this behavior. He is currently on a 3-day block from Talrias, yet is employing  &  to continue reverting and working. -- Netoholic @ 06:15, 16 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ron Vivian

Ron Vivian (19 February 1914 – 5 September 1973) was an Australian cartoonist who is perhaps best known as having drawn Ginger Meggs after the original creator, Jimmy Bancks died in 1952.

Biography
Ronald Charles Vivian was born on 19 February 1914 in Sydney, New South Wales, to Charles Cecil Vivian and Vida Francis.

Vivian enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in January 1942 and served in Australia and New Guinea during the Second World War. Vivian was awarded the 1939-45 Star, Pacific Star, War Medal 1939-45 and Australian Service Medal 1939-45. Upon his return he was appointed to the Victorian Air Board where he illustrated many RAAF magazines before returning to civilian life.

He worked as an artist for Sir Frank Packer's Australian Consolidated Press (ACP), drawing political cartoons for The Daily Telegraph, illustrations for The Australian Women's Weekly and other Consolidated Press publications. When Jim Bancks died suddenly of a heart attack in 1952, Packer held a competition among several artists to select a suitable person to continue to draw Ginger Meggs. Numerous artists submitted trial pages and in the end Vivian's entry was chosen over others including Dan Russell (whom Packer thought that his brother Jim Russell had drawn instead). He then drew the comic for ACP's Sunday Telegraph from April 1953 for the next twenty one years, until his death in early 1973. Vivian remained true to the Bancks style and concept and the only difference was the signature, with the strip carrying the identification 'Created by Bancks', as he was not permitted to put his name to the drawings.

title: Ron Vivian


text:
Talk:Léonin

French spelling of article name
Shouldn't this page be titled "Léonin" (with accent), to be consistent with French spelling as well as the Pérotin page?

 * Yes; thanks for catching it. I'll fix it. Antandrus  (talk) 15:02, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Is Leonin a first or last name?
Ummm... If Leonin is a first name, what is his last (family) name? Also, if Leonin is a last name, what is his first name? --154.20.102.96 20:13, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think they had family names then (the article surname goes into some detail, but unfortunately not for names in French-speaking countries). As far as I know he was just Leonin, or sometimes Magister Leoninus (master Leonin) (modern equivalent "Leo", as far as I know).  Antandrus  (talk) 21:17, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There's not much evidence or records of this guy other than the mention by Anonymous IV (and, of course, the music he wrote and left us), so nobody knows what his family name was, if indeed he had one. Sometimes people were named after the city from which they came, such as Leonardo da Vinci. His first name, though, appears to have been Léo, thus the Latin Leoninus (diminutive of Leo, thus "little Leo").  Doesn't the article explain this?  Badagnani 21:19, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Include the spelling "Leonius" in article?
On one of my CDs I recently got, his name was spelled "Leonius". I only found this Wikipedia page after Googling "Leonius" and finding that it was one of four names associated with him (the other three - Léonin, Leo, and Leoninus are already in your article). Maybe including this alternate name would be helpful for people with no more to go on?

[By the way, the website I found through Google is: http://www.hoasm.org/IIC/Leonin.html Hope you find this helpful.]

Azaghal of Belegost 00:14, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The musicologist Craig Wright apparently thinks that the contemporary poet Leonius was the same as the Leoninus mentioned by Anonymous IV. But I guess that isn't proven.  This controversy could of course be mentioned in the article.  http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:PH-2boaqasEJ:www.oup.com/us/brochure/0195169794/samplechapter.pdf+leonius+medieval+music&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=9  Badagnani 00:29, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's a good idea. For now I put in the other names (Grove mentions them as well:  indeed, their article is under "Leoninus" rather than "Léonin", but I think Léonin is the most commonly used name nowadays). Antandrus  (talk) 00:36, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * If I recall correctly, Anonymous IV mentions L twice, once as Leoninus and once as Magister Leo. I think Leonin is fine for the title of the article.  I would personally remove the accent mark from both Leonin and Perotin, but I just have a preference for Medieval spellings instead of modern wherever possible.  (Zachara became Zácara at one conference and I was one of the "Remove the Accent!" crew).  Oh, have you seen the "was Leonin gay?" article? -- Myke Cuthbert (talk) 17:05, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

If anyone reading this is interested in Leonius, alleged inventor of Leonine verse and author of an Historia Sacra (maybe identical to the subject of this article, as Craig Wright may suggest, maybe not), please have a look at Talk:Leonine verse and see if you can help me with the difficulties I've raised there. Wareh 20:13, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Image
User Narssarssuaq added this image to the article. It'd be really great if there were a picture of Leonin that existed, but there's no evidence given that this is a picture of the composer, and to the best of my knowledge there are no surviving images of Leoninus. N.B. that the descriptive text for the image says year 1000. Leonin was active after 1150. I'm not an art historian (just a lowly medieval musicologist) but the style of the image doesn't look right for 12th c. France either. -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) 23:13, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I admit that I simply searched for pictures at Wikimedia Commons, and added them without further ado, hoping that the information there would be accurate. Apparently, this was a mistake; it is great that you are knowledgable enough to be able to point this out. Narssarssuaq (talk) 19:13, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * No worries! and thanks for the contribution. It gave me an excuse to look over any new developments in the Leonin world.  A lot of new possible biographical information coming out, but no images, sadly. -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) 16:14, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Followup, since the image came back, and I removed it again. I left a message on the talk page for the image on Commons.  I wonder if the image may be the obscure third-century martyr Saint Leoninus.  (Still digging through Google images in the hope I can find the actual source.) Antandrus  (talk) 02:10, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The image is not Leonin. It is Yves de Chartres.  Here is the primary source from which the image was clipped: http://initiale.irht.cnrs.fr/decors/decors.php?imageInd=2&id=71453 Antandrus  (talk) 01:39, 29 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Someday, you're going to have to let me in on the secret of how you know so much, Antandrus! :-)  -- Michael Scott Cuthbert (talk) 00:44, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I took the liberty of adding this image to Ivo of Chartres :) --moogsi(blah) 17:38, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

Drone
Shouldn't the term "drone" be mentioned in this article? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 07:51, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Léonin


text:
Angkor Airways

Angkor Airways Corporation is a defunct airline that was based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This carrier started service in 2004 and had been substantially invested by Taiwan's Far Eastern Air Transport (FAT) as its subsidiary to make use of the Angkor International Airport in Siem Reap as its hub and as a fast transit station between Taiwan and People's Republic of China (where direct flights between the two locations were previously banned due to the political status of Taiwan), while meantime also operated some charter flights in the East Asia and Southeast Asia region. All its fleets were wet leased from the FAT.

Following a chain of financial crises of its parent FAT, on May 9, 2008 the airline ceased all operations due to financial issues.

East Asia

 * People's Republic of China
 * Chengdu (Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport)
 * Kunming (Kunming Wujiaba International Airport)

 * 🇹🇼 Taiwan
 * Taipei (Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport)
 * Kaohsiung (Kaohsiung International Airport)

 * 🇯🇵 Japan
 * Tokyo (Narita International Airport) - charter
 * Nagoya (Chūbu Centrair International Airport) - charter
 * Niigata (Niigata Airport) - charter
 * Osaka (Kansai International Airport) - charter
 * Fukuoka (Fukuoka Airport) - charter

Southeast Asia

 * 🇰🇭 Cambodia
 * Phnom Penh (Phnom Penh International Airport) - main hub
 * Siem Reap (Angkor International Airport) - focus city

Fleet
The Angkor Airlines fleet included the following aircraft (at April 2008):

 * 1 Boeing 757-200 (which is leased from Far Eastern Air Transport)
 * 1 McDonnell Douglas MD-83 (which is leased from Far Eastern Air Transport)

title: Angkor Airways


text:
User talk:Paulyhart

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your recent contributions, but Paulyhart.com was removed because it was not considered noteworthy. You are welcome to add this information to your user page. However, a subject must be notable to merit inclusion in the actual encyclopedia.

Here are some useful links if you need any help:

 * How to edit a page
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Again, welcome. Stewart Adcock 08:18, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Pauly hart
A tag has been placed on Pauly hart requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. - Realkyhick (Talk to me) 06:36, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

April 2008
Hi, the recent edit you made to Pauly hart has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. —Elipongo (Talk contribs) 06:57, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Empires and Generals concern
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Your draft article, Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/Empires and Generals

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title: User talk:Paulyhart


text:
House of Bjälbo

The House of Bjälbo, also known as the House of Folkung (Bjälboätten or Folkungaätten), was a Swedish family that produced several medieval Swedish bishops, jarls and kings. It also provided three kings of Norway and one king of Denmark in the 14th century.

Name and origin
The house has been known as the "House of Folkung" since the 17th century, and this name is still commonly used in Swedish works of reference. The name "Folkung" does appear as early as in 12th century sources, but is then usually not applied to members of the family.

In an effort to avoid confusion with the Folkunge Party some modern historians have argued that "House of Bjälbo" would be a better name because Birger Jarl lived there and it is the family's oldest known manor. Bjälbo is located in Östergötland, outside of Skänninge in the present-day municipality of Mjölby. In any case the members of this dynasty never used a name to refer to themselves since family names were not widely adopted in Sweden until the 16th century, thus neither name is more "correct" for the dynasty, apart from the potential for confusion.

Jarls and bishops
The House of Bjälbo produced most of the jarls in Sweden in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries until the title was abolished in 1266. Different branches of the family were often rivals for the office of jarl. Most of the kings during that time were also from Östergötland.

Around 1100, Folke the Fat became the first known Bjälbo jarl, and probably the first jarl of all Sweden, under king Inge I of Sweden. He was married to a Ingegerd Knutsdotter of Denmark, daughter of king Canute IV of Denmark. According to legends, he was the first of his family so elevated. Nothing is known of any of Folke's collateral relatives, though it is well-established that several of his sons' descendants were important lords.

Other notable jarls from the family were Birger Brosa, Karl the Deaf, Ulf Fase, and Birger Jarl. In the early 13th century, some members of the family moved to Norway, and held the office of jarl there. Noteworthy is that regardless of the ruling royal family, Bjälbos continued to hold the position of the jarl in the kingdom.

Several members of the family were also Bishops of Linköping at least in the 13th century. Diocese covered the area of Östergötland. Bishop of Linköping was often involved in the eastern activities.

Early Dukes of Finland were from the House of Bjälbo and used the traditional coat of arms with a rampant lion. This developed later to the current coat of arms of Finland during the reign of Johan as Grand Duke of Finland, the lion from which serves as the symbol of the state and in stylized forms various authorities.

Rise to royalty
Valdemar, a son of Birger jarl, was elected as the King of Sweden in 1250. Members of the House of Bjälbo had married into all rival royal dynasties in Sweden, eventually producing an heir related to them all. When the previous king Eric had died without an heir apparent, his sister's son, and also Birger's son, was the most suitable option to hold the royal office. Valdemar was deposed by his brother Magnus in 1275, from which all later royal members descended.

Members of the house reigned as kings Sweden until 1364. From 1319 to 1387, kings of Norway. The last king from the House of Bjälbo was Olaf II, the King of Denmark from 1376 to 1387; the last male member, descended from the deposed Valdemar, died a few years later. Almost all subsequent monarchs of Sweden, Norway and Denmark trace cognatic descent from the House of Bjälbo.

Other sources

 * Lindkvist, Thomas with Maria Sjöberg (2006) Det svenska samhället 800-1720. Klerkernas och adelns tid, Andra upplagan (Lund: Studentlitteratur) ISBN 91-44-01181-4
 * Starbäck, Georg; P.O. Bäckström (1885–1886) Berättelser ur svenska historien (Stockholm: F. & G. Beijers Förlag)

title: House of Bjälbo


text:
Lloyd Piper

Lloyd Piper (31 October 1923 – 5 September 1983) was an Australian cartoonist and art teacher, best known as the third artist to take on the iconic Australian comic strip, Ginger Meggs, which he drew from 1973 until his death in 1983.

Biography
Lloyd William Piper was born on 31 October 1923 in Cassilis, New South Wales to Thomas William Piper and Alice Mabel née Byfield. He grew up in rural New South Wales during the Great Depression. At age nineteen Piper enrolled in the Australian Army, serving in the 2nd/2nd Australian Field Regiment in New Guinea from 1942 until 1946, he was discharged in November 1946. Following his war service he completed a Rehabilitation Training course and moved to Sydney.

Piper illustrated comic strips including Catman and Kalar the Caveman for Frew Publications' comic book, Super Yank Comics. Catman was a feline-styled caped crusader who, unlike the original American version of the character, had no secret identity or powers. The other noticeable difference was that Catman's sidekick was changed from a young girl, Kitten, to a young boy, Kit. Catman ran for 19 issues, between 1951 and 1952. According to Jim Shepherd (the late publisher and managing director of Frew Publications), "[Frew co-founder], Ron Forsyth had an almost strange habit of changing things in the imported titles he published. He didn't like females having or sharing top billing, hence his request to replace Kitten with Kit – but he probably also thought it might be some sort of plug for the young Phantom character, also known as Kit."

Piper also created Steel Barr for OPC's Hurricane in 1946 and Lemmy Loo as a filler strip for K.G Murray's Captain Triumph Comics (October 1949 – February 1950). Steel Barr was resurrected by Young's Merchandising in 1950, under the title Steel Barr and The Phantom Man. Australian comic book researcher, Kevin Patrick, describes Steel Barr as being "a granite-jawed District Commissioner who patrolled the African jungles, battling myriad threats while searching for his elusive opponent, The Phantom Man."

Piper subsequently became an advertising layout artist, working in the advertising industry for the next twenty two years. He also taught Graphic Design part-time, from 1970 until 1983, at the National Art School.

In October 1972 the Sunday Telegraph commissioned Piper to draw a comic strip, Wolfe, for which ran for six years before it was dropped in favour of a syndicated American superhero. Wolfe was a wandering adventurer. According to John Ryan, in his Australian Comic anthology, Panel by Panel, "Wolfe's strength was its strong story line and the fact Piper restricted his wanderings to Australia, giving readers an opportunity to identify with the various suburbs and country towns – and it was these aspects that attracted a large following for the strip." Following the death of Ron Vivian Piper was invited by Jimmy Bancks's family to take over the role of writing and illustrating Ginger Meggs, which was also published by the Sun Telegraph. Piper was the first of Bancks' successors permitted to sign his name to the strip. On 27 August 1977 the Ginger Meggs strip moved back to Sun Herald replacing long time rival comic strip, Fatty Finn. Piper claimed he kept as close as he could to the Bancks style with Ginger Meggs, and in an interview in 1983, stated "I have worked 30 years in advertising. I understand all the aspects of other peoples wants. I have striven to maintain Bancks' character, but admit that his sense of humour was so individual, his successors can hope for, but never really match it." He also told friends it was "just a job", and that "they don't pay me much and they get what they pay for".

Personal life
In 1953 Piper married Essie Gwendoline 'Gwen' Armstrong and they had one son, John William Piper (b. 1956). Piper died in a car accident on 5 September 1983.

title: Lloyd Piper


text:
Talk:Rubbadubbers

That paragraph about "if only" was really clear in my head. When I came to write it it has come out all garbled I am sure.

Will try to tidy it up at some point, but if someone else wants to then please feel free! --JimmyTheWig 08:24, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

AirDates have been fact tagged
Hi all. Just a quick note to ask anyone passing with knowledge of the show to verify the airdates, since 2 editors on IP have listed different dates for the airing of Rubbadubbers on NickJr. If someone could check them and insert the correct dates, it would be fantastic. :) Thor Malmjursson (talk) 04:45, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Amelia the monster isn't even an episode from rubbadubbers, neither is muddy finbar. Irving Snordfelt (talk) 20:50, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

BBC source
I just found this https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078pr6 database of BBC programming. It's a very reliable source, and can be used to correct the episodes listings (but I don't have the time right now). Someone really have messed with the article, probably the returning vandal. Anyway, episode 1 of season 1 is Traindriver Tubb Scary Finbar and nothing else: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078j5b. Sjö (talk) 08:30, 4 August 2019 (UTC) Edit:misread source. Struck and corrected. Sjö (talk) 18:41, 4 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rubbadubbers


text: User talk:65.54.97.152

title: User talk:65.54.97.152


text:
North Region, Singapore

The North Region (北區) of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the second largest region in terms of land area, and has a population of 582,330. Woodlands is the regional centre and also the most populous town with 255,130 residents living in the area. Comprising 13,500 hectares of land area, it includes eight planning areas.

The relative isolation of the area from the Downtown Core meant relatively belated urban development and the greater abundance of natural greenery. Still, the region includes one of Singapore's largest new towns, Woodlands. Largely grouped into three new towns, it houses 129,000 residential housing units of various types, although public housing tends to dominate. Excluding naturally occurring green spaces, the region has 3 square kilometres of recreational spaces.

Planning strategies
Planning considerations for the Singapore Master Plan 2003 involving the North Region took into consideration its existing strengths. With a good mix of various housing types, the region also has established industrial areas particularly in Sungei Kadut and Senoko which provide for employment opportunities close to the residential areas. Transportation, which used to be considered difficult, has been improved tremendously with the completion of the Bukit Timah and Seletar Expressways, and the introduction of the Mass Rapid Transit's North–South Line. There are adequate commercial facilities with the siting of the Woodlands Regional Centre in the area, as well as recreational facilities. In addition, there is an abundance of green spaces, untouched forests, and even farmland, which are a rarity in Singapore today.

The burgeoning population in Singapore meant more space could be reserved for residential housing in the region. The newly built Sembawang New Town will expand northwards to the Senoko Industrial area. Another new town will be built in Simpang.

In terms of commercial needs, the Woodlands Regional Centre will be further developed. Large tracts of land remain awaiting potential development, with the potential of even taping into the market of residents in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, across the Strait of Johor. More industrial areas to meet employment needs are also planned for the region.

Given the large tracts of virgin forests within the region, care will be taken to protect and enhance them. New parks and park connectors are planned for, and a new sports complex will be built in Sembawang New Town. Facilities built for the new Republic Polytechnic campus may also be opened for public use.

Geography
With a total land area of 134.5 km2, the region is situated on the northern corner of Singapore Island, bordering the North-East Region to the east, West Region to the south-west and the Straits of Johor to the north.

Regime
The North Region is governed locally by the North West CDC and is divided into 8 planning areas.

Sembawang Shipyard
Sembawang Shipyard is a shipyard that specialises in ship repairs and fabrication. Owned by SembCorp Marine, the shipyard has the deepest dry dock in Southeast Asia. Formerly a British naval base, the shipyard was built in 1938 as the Sembawang Naval Base. After Singapore's independence, the naval base was converted into a commercial shipyard under the management of Sembawang Corporation (now known as SembCorp).

Tourism
The region is home to several attractions, namely the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari, Bird Paradise and River Safari. In June 2016, it was announced that a 126 hectare eco-tourism hub will be developed in Mandai. Together with the current zoological parks, the area will feature eco-friendly accommodations such as camps, tents, and family rooms. Jurong Bird Park has been relocated to the area as Bird Paradise, which opened in November 2023. The new bird park is also connected to a rainforest sanctuary.

Education
Residents living within the area have access to different educational facilities ranging from preschools to primary and secondary schools, as these are located around the different towns in the East region. The area is also home to various tertiary institutions such as, Republic Polytechnic, Yishun Innova Junior College and a special needs school, MINDS. There is also an international school, GEMS World Academy, located in Yishun.

title: North Region, Singapore