text:
Talk:Jonty Rhodes

Pic
a pic would be nice?
 * It would. The problem is that freely licensed pictures of cricketers are not easy to come by; we can't just yank one from a magazine and claim it's fair use. Loganberry (Talk) 02:29, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Hockey
I'm pretty sure he was a South African field hockey representative as well though the article makes no mention of this.

Position of photo
Hi Mikker, I hope we're not going to start a little revert war about the positioning of this photo. To reply to the points you raise: Finally please cite the guidelines stipulating images should be within the databox, and bear in mind that even if there is such a guideline, Wikipedia stresses that guidelines are not hard and fast rules. Paul venter 21:09, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 1 Conventions certainly are only important if they make sense - this one does not. Putting a photo amongst a ream of ststistics is logically and aesthetically unsound.
 * 2 I would ask you not to be abusive or use strong language - it will not help to resolve any problem.
 * 3 Consensus means a trend or position which is supported by a majority - there is no evidence of this.

 * Just coming in as a third party here, and I haven't seen the previous version by Mikker. But to me the current layout is not aesthetically good. (side-note: I browse with pics off to save bandwidth but I do see the pic place-holders.) It is a bit jarring to have the pic on the left with the text running down the middle of the page. As far as putting it in the infobox, iff we got a landscape pic then yes, it should go in the box and replace the current left-aligned pic. It would neaten up the layout and is consistent with most other articles that have infoboxes with pictures.  Zun aid  ©  ®  10:38, 7 March 2007 (UTC.
 * Sorry to butt in guys, but every other cricketer article (or even any famous peronality) has their photo in the infobox. See Imran Khan for instance. Also note, the infobox has a section saying "image" for this reason. Not just convention. I really don't see why Paul is insisting on having the photo outside the infobox? I really do think there is a consensus here, and it is that the photo goes in the infobox.Rueben lys 14:39, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Seriously, I have better things to do. Just follow the damn conventions. Mi kk er (...) 15:47, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Frankly, I'm glad you have better things to do - I was beginning to think that this was your sole occupation. Infoboxes should do what their name says: they should contain info not photos. If someone who helped design the template included a position for a photo, then he was misguided and one shouldn't cement that mistake and then whine "tradition", "convention" or most pathetic of all "but other articles also do that". For heaven's sake, rattle your grey cells just a little bit and realise that an infobox is a totally unsuitable place for a photo. This article is about a person, and the first thing a user wants to see is what that person looks like, not to find some microscopic likeness crunched into a box of statistics.Paul venter 18:59, 8 March 2007 (UTC).

 * Paul, please have a look at any article relating to any sort of famous personality. Wherever there is an infobox and a photo, the photo has been put in it. This is not only because of convention, but because it is an intergrated information box. If you see what I am trying to say, the photo is not the only thing about Jonty Rhodes. And wikipedia is not simply an image gallery. When somebody looks up this article, the first thing that jumps out that huge abominable photo. It is quite a rude shock actually. (This is how I found it when I first looked up this article). If you put the photo in the infobox, you get the stats which you're looking for, and you get a very good idea how Jonty Rhodes looks like. The aim of this article is however, not to publicize how he looks like, since you can have the article without the photo, if you see what I am trying to say. And please have a look at other cricketer's article and see what we're saying.Rueben lys 15:18, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Rueben, not one of the comments I've made above seems to have found a fertile niche. If you find the photo abominable, then I will get it withdrawn and there should be no further friction. I don't know what you mean by "integrated information box", but if the idea behind such a box is to remove as much material from the body of the article as possible, then obviously grammar, syntax and language will become redundant, and every factoid in an article will have a slot in the infobox. Somehow I don't think Wikipedia intend having that as an ideal arrangement. I agree that the aim of the article is not to publicise the subject's looks, but then neither is the aim to produce a super-concentration of facts in something called an infobox. Rather, an article is a blend of a number of aspects that balance each other - images and text, hard statistics and character insights, and so on. I'm putting the image back where it was, and if you still object, then I will get it deleted. Paul venter 21:17, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Paul venter seems to be taking the name "Infobox" and not only treating the "info" part as a rigid description, but insisting that information can't be visual. Why? This seems to be onomatolatry (neol.), at best. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 16:08, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not entirely clear as to Zunaid's position, but the position seems to be that five or six editors on this page are saying that the image should be in the infobox, and one rejects this. In what sense is this not consensus, even apart from the consensus indicated by usage in other articles? --Mel Etitis  ( Talk ) 22:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry Paul, but I must point out, as far as I am aware, you don't own the article or the image. You can try to get it deleted if you wish, and if it was uploaded under a false license or distribution, I am sure it could be deleted. But I don't think a disagreement over it's position is good grounds for deletion. And really, we're trying to work towards a consensus. Please understand, it's nothing against you or your views. It's just that the image is disproportionately large, and keeps everything awa from view when you open the article if you put it where you want it to go. As I said earlier (and everyone else is saying still), it looks good, feels good, and fits in coherently in the infobox.Rueben lys 01:10, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Quite right Rueben, I don't own the article, but then neither do you. My perception of the situauion is that you have adopted a stance and will not modify it for any reason. I have run into the same dinosaurian attitude on a few other pages, and I sincerely hope that your attitude will go extinct, because I don't think that Wikipedia benefits from such intransigence. Paul venter 07:00, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Paul, please desist from making personal attacks on my attitude and views and whether they are beneficial or not. I am trying really hard to assume good faith on your part, respect your views, and build a consensus in keeping with what everyone has to say. I expect the same courtesy from you.Rueben lys 12:25, 11 March 2007 (UTC).
 * First of all, if you wish to leave any messages for me (which I hope you won't), please do so in the talk page. Secondly, if you see here I have consistenetly tried to respect your views and tried to make you see mine (ours).  In fact everyone has before you've started calling everyone dinosaurs and Tyrannosaurs etc etc and accused them baselessly of engaging personal attacks and ultimately managed to piss them off. I have even gone to the request for comment to solve this issue, to build a broader consensus with more editors. Thirdly, you've consistently tried not to see anybody else's point, and insisted that you're point holds or the photo gets withdrawn, much like a school kid wanting to get included in the team. And lastly, I have stopped assuming good faith on your part, because obviously you do not wish to engage in a constructive process. I do not wish to carry on this conversation. Please do not post on my talk page (or even my user page) unless if it's a matter of life-and-death.Rueben lys 14:58, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

PS: I did not understand what you meant by your message.
 * Which is exactly why you should not be editing the English version of Wikipedia........Paul venter 05:51, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * "I have consistenetly tried to respect your views" "huge abominable photo"  "quite a rude shock actually" Rueben, these are your comments and if you can't laugh hysterically when you see their inconsistency, then you really do wear rose-coloured blinkers about yourself. Paul venter 16:21, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

This is enough: if Paul venter moves the image again, against clear consensus and Wikipedia guidelines, he will be blocked from editing. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 12:05, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Mel Etitis, there are no clear guidelines justifying your position, neither does the so-called consensus mean much. What you have here is simply mob rule with the slogan "if enough of us feel this way, then it must be right, mustn't it? - surely we can't be wrong...."Do look up User:clawson, User:Runcorn and User:AED - you have a lot in common and should soon become bosom buddies Paul venter 08:11, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Paul, for God's Sake!!! Do yourself and the rest of us a favour, take a deep breath,chillax, stop thinking the world is out to get you, and generally stop getting stressed. The world is actually a nice place.Rueben lys 01:21, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Rueben, I thought you were through talking to me. Don't flatter yourself into believing that you have stressed me - I've come across much worse than you. And I do think this world is a very nice place - except for the bits that you have touched. Have an excellent day. Paul venter 17:59, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * HahaRueben lys 11:08, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Warning
If you continue to move the image at Jonty Rhodes, against consensus and Wikipedia guidelines, you will be blocked from editing for disruption. --Mel Etitis ( Talk ) 12:06, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Dear Mel Etitis, Someone obviously showed bad judgement in giving you blocking powers to enforce your POV. The consensus you talk about consists of three editors who are hidebound in their conservatism and interpretation of guidelines. Block to your heart's content, and the only thing it will prove is your abuse of power which you should not have been given in the first place. Paul venter 14:19, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * First, I didn't say that I'd block you; I can guarantee, though, that someone will. Secondly, it isn't only three editors; I counted at least five editors beside myself, all of whom disagree with you. --Mel Etitis  ( Talk ) 14:34, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Manual of Style: Images
To resolve your matter, please review Images Manual of Style, image choice and placement, and generally image help. -- Jreferee 17:41, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Jreferee 17:48, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Is it me?
Or does the photo with the caption Jonty and wife look like a palm tree or something. Probably me. Never mind. --Tom 17:18, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Response to Request for Remediation
It appears that there is one editor (Paul venter) who is disagreeing with the rest over the placement of a photo in the infobox. With the lack of any black and white ruling on the issue, we must base our decision on convention. Almost all of the bio articles on Wikipedia of at least this length have a photo in the infobox. As such, I believe that there should be a picture in this infobox. If Paul venter, or anyone who shares his beliefs, can find a rule or policy, or some kind of precedent, that contradicts my opinion, then I will be more than happy to change my opinion. Until that time, however, I must stress that the picture remain in the infobox. However, a picture of Rhodes in action would be much more appropriate for the infobox than a zoom-and-crop job on a photo which is used later in the article. Most importantly, however, let's not turn this into a revert war which will only serve to get people banned Bensmith53 08:57, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Edits/reverts of 20-21 January 2009
Hi. I edited the page yesterday to revert the date-links to unlinked versions (of which there were MANY) as per the new MoS recommendations (date-linking only benefits registered users rather than 99% of our readership). At the same time I removed some unreferenced statements ("widely regarded as the finest fielder in the history of the game"), as well as the factoid about him playing for Ireland (which I myself added way-back-when). As it turns out, Ireland has invited several players to play for them (including Hansie Cronje), thus the fact that Rhodes turned out for them is of no importance to Rhodes' career taken as a whole. I've also reworded some sentences to make it read better. Taken as a whole I think I've improved the article, however I was reverted by Dodger67 citing "over-zealous deletion". The only deletions I made were the Ireland factoid and the unreferenced statements (any editor is allowed to remove unreferenced material, the burden of proof lies with the editor wishing to add material). The diff does seem big because every paragraph is affected by the date unlinking, but overall there is not much info removed. I'm posting here looking for consensus opinion of other editors. Thanks. Zunaid 11:11, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I will concede that your changes to date-links are correct. I don't accept your reason for deleting the information that he played for Ireland. Why should such information be supressed? The statement in the intro paragraph "widely regarded as the finest fielder in the history of the game" is fully supported with citations in the main body of the article. According to the MoS statements in the introduction of an article do not need citations provided the same facts/opinions are presented with proper citations in the main body of the article - the relevant cites are numbers 2 and 5. Roger (talk) 12:40, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Post-retirement section.
The section is full of undated contradictory information. It seems like every time he changed to coaching a different team a "current" statement was simply added to the section without stating when anything began and ended. The word "currently" is completely meaningless in this context. Roger (talk) 09:53, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Jonty Rhodes


text:
Talk:Blackstone Memorial

Untitled
Shouldn't this document be in the Commons instead of Wikipedia? --babbage 09:53, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Blackstone Memorial


text:
WS-Policy

WS-Policy is a specification that allows web services to use XML to advertise their policies (on security, quality of service, etc.) and for web service consumers to specify their policy requirements.

WS-Policy is a W3C recommendation as of September 2007.

WS-Policy represents a set of specifications that describe the capabilities and constraints of the security (and other business) policies on intermediaries and end points (for example, required security tokens, supported encryption algorithms, and privacy rules) and how to associate policies with services and end points.

Policy Assertion
Assertions can either be requirements put upon a web service or an advertisement for the policies of a web service.

Operator tags
Two "operators" (XML tags) are used to make statements about policy combinations:
 * wsp:ExactlyOne - asserts that only one child node must be satisfied.
 * wsp:All - asserts that all child nodes must be satisfied.

Logically, an empty wsp:All tag makes no assertions.

Policy Intersection
If both provider and consumer specify a policy, an effective policy will be computed, which usually consists of the intersection of both policies. The new policy contains those assertions made by both sides which do not contradict each other. However, synonymous assertions are considered incompatible by a policy intersection. This can easily be explained by the fact that policy intersection is a syntactic approach, which does not incorporate the semantics of the assertions. Furthermore, it ignores the assertion parameters.

Opposed to what the name might suggest, a policy intersection is (although quite similar) not a set-intersection.

Associated specifications

 * WS-Policy - Attachment specifies how to add policies to WSDL and UDDI.
 * WS-SecurityPolicy specifies security policy assertions for WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-SecureConversation.
 * WS-Policy4MASC specifies management policies for Web services and their compositions.

title: WS-Policy


text: Category:Schools in Indonesia

title: Category:Schools in Indonesia


text:
George Joseph Bell

George Joseph Bell (26 March 1770 – 23 September 1843) was a Scottish advocate and legal scholar. From 1822 to 1843 he was Professor of Scots Law at the University of Edinburgh. He was succeeded by John Shank More.

Early life
George Bell was born in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, a son of the Reverend William Bell (d. 1779), a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. He was the younger brother of the surgeon John Bell, and an elder brother of the surgeon Sir Charles Bell. At the age of eight he entered the Royal High School, Edinburgh. He received no university education further than attending the lectures of both A. F. Tytler and Dugald Stewart. Between 1787 and 1788 he attended lectures on Scots law by Hume, Professor of Scots Law at the University of Edinburgh, and nephew of the philosopher Hume.

Advocate and scholar
Bell became a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1791, and was one of the close friends of Francis Jeffrey. In 1804 he published a Treatise on the Law of Bankruptcy in Scotland, which he enlarged and published in 1826 as Commentaries on the Law of Scotland and on the principles of Mercantile Jurisprudence, praised by Joseph Story and James Kent.

In 1821, Bell was elected Professor of Scots Law in the University of Edinburgh; and in 1831 he was appointed to one of the principal clerkships in the supreme court. He was placed at the head of a commission in 1833 to inquire into the Scottish bankruptcy law. His smaller treatise, Principles of the Law of Scotland, became a standard text-book for law students. He wrote also Illustrations of the Principles.

in 1805 Bell married Barbara Shaw, granddaughter of Very Reverend David Shaw. In 1832 they were living at 68 Queen Street in the centre of Edinburgh, since demolished. In his final years he lived at 6 Darnaway Street.

In 1831 he was appointed Principal Clerk of Session in place of Sir Walter Scott.

He is buried in St John's Episcopal Churchyard at the west end of Princes Street in Edinburgh.

title: George Joseph Bell


text:
User:Piano man/Sandbox

Piano man 09:55, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Piano man/Sandbox


text:
Marn Grook

Marn Grook, marn-grook or marngrook (also spelt Marn Gook ) is the popular collective name for traditional Indigenous Australian football games played at gatherings and celebrations by sometimes more than 100 players. From the Woiwurung language of the Kulin people, it means "ball" and "game".

These games featured punt kicking and catching a stuffed ball. They involved large numbers of players, and were played over an extremely large area. The game was subject to strict behavioural protocols: for instance all players had to be matched for size, gender and skin group relationship. However, to outside observers the game appeared to lack a team objective, having no real rules or scoring system. A winner could only be declared if one of the sides agreed that the other side had played better. Individual players who consistently exhibited outstanding skills, such as kicking or leaping higher than others to catch the ball, were often praised, but proficiency in the sport gave them no tribal influence.

The earliest accounts emerged decades after the European settlement of Australia, mostly from the colonial Victorian explorers and settlers. Historical reports support it as a widespread activity across south-eastern Australia of the Djabwurrung and Jardwadjali people and other tribes in the Wimmera, Mallee and Millewa regions of western Victoria. According to some accounts, the range extended to the Wurundjeri in the Yarra Valley, the Gunai people of Gippsland, and the Riverina in south-western New South Wales. The Warlpiri people of Central Australia played a very similar kicking and catching game with a possum skin ball, and the game was known as pultja. North of Brisbane in Queensland in the 1860s it was known as Purru Purru.

Some historians claim that Marn Grook had a role in the formation of Australian rules football, which originated in Melbourne in 1858 and was codified the following year by members of the Melbourne Football Club. This connection has become culturally important to many Indigenous Australians, including celebrities and professional footballers from communities in which Australian rules football is highly popular.

Early accounts
Although the consensus among historians is that Marn Grook existed before European arrival, it is not clear how long the game had been played in Victoria or elsewhere on the Australian continent.

A news article published in 1906 suggests that it had been observed around a century prior, which would put its first observations to Australia's earliest days as a convict colony.

The earliest recorded anecdotal account is from about 1841, a decade prior to the Victorian gold rush. Robert Brough Smyth in his 1878 book, The Aborigines of Victoria, quoted William Thomas, a Protector of Aborigines in Victoria, who stated that he had witnessed Wurundjeri Aboriginal people east of Melbourne playing the game:

The game was a favourite of the Wurundjeri-willam clan and the two teams were sometimes based on the traditional totemic moieties of Bunjil (eagle) and Waang (crow). Robert Brough-Smyth saw the game played at Coranderrk Mission Station, where ngurungaeta (elder) William Barak discouraged the playing of imported games like cricket and encouraged the traditional native game of marn grook. In 1855 William Anderson Cawthorne documented South Australia's indigenous Adelaide Plains people. He produced a series of illustrations: one image was of a pair of playthings, a sling and a ball. In the Kaurna language a ball is a pando or parndo. Several sources:
 * Citing: . Catalogue listing: # ball games - [pando]; * Torrens River region; South Australia
 * Citing: . Catalogue listing: # ball games - [pando]; * Torrens River region; South Australia

An 1857 sketch found in 2007 describes an observation by Victorian scientist William Blandowski, of the Latjilatji people playing a football game near Merbein, on his expedition to the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers.

The image is inscribed:

In relation to the 1857 sketch, Historian Greg de Moore commented:

An 1860 eyewitness account of an Aboriginal colony (likely the Taungurung) from the Broken River (between the current cities of Shepparton and Benalla) describes a "great game of football" which inaugurated festivities.

James Dawson, in his 1881 book titled Australian Aborigines, described a game, which he referred to as 'football', where the players of two teams kick around a ball made of possum fur. Each side endeavours to keep possession of the ball, which is tossed a short distance by hand, then kicked in any direction. The side which kicks it oftenest and furthest gains the game. The person who sends it the highest is considered the best player, and has the honour of burying it in the ground till required the next day. The sport is concluded with a shout of applause, and the best player is complimented on his skill. The game, which is somewhat similar to the white man's game of football, is very rough... In the appendix of Dawson's book, he lists the word Min'gorm for the game in the Aboriginal language Chaap Wuurong.

In 1889, anthropologist Alfred Howitt, wrote that the game was played between large groups on a totemic basis – the white cockatoos versus the black cockatoos, for example, which accorded with their skin system. Acclaim and recognition went to the players who could leap or kick the highest. Howitt wrote: "This game of ball-playing was also practised among the Kurnai, the Wolgal (Tumut river people), the Wotjoballuk as well as by the Woiworung, and was probably known to most tribes of south-eastern Australia. The Kurnai made the ball from the scrotum of an 'old man kangaroo', the Woiworung made it of tightly rolled up pieces of possum skin. It was called by them 'mangurt'. In this tribe the two exogamous divisions, Bunjil and Waa, played on opposite sides. The Wotjoballuk also played this game, with Krokitch on one side and Gamutch on the other. The mangurt was sent as a token of friendship from one to another."

According to Howitt's historical field notes published in 1907 held in the AIATSIS Collection, an account from a Mukjarawaint man from the Grampians indicated that both men and women would play in the same teams. This is further supported by an account from Beveridge from 1885.

In 1929 David Uniapon, during a discussion about Harry Hewitt that appeared in the Adelaide Observer, stated that "an ancient game was played by my people with a ball about the size of a cricket ball, made of hair and emu feathers. Sides were chosen, and the ball was passed from one to the other, the idea being to keep it in possession of those on one side, and not to let their rivals secure it."

By 1906, the name Marn Grook had entered the lexicon, several articles in newspapers of the time describe it as a near extinct pastime and provide details on the size (about 6 inches) of the ball.

Another anecdotal account of Marn Grook being played near Melbourne from 1934 describes some of the rules of the game, including the highest kicker winning the game, that it was educated by the elders and that girls also played but threw instead of kicked the ball.

Tom Wills Link
Since the 1980s, some commentators, including Martin Flanagan, Jim Poulter and Col Hutchinson have postulated that Australian rules football pioneer Tom Wills could have been inspired by Marn Grook.

The theory hinges on evidence which is circumstantial and anecdotal. Tom Wills was raised in Victoria's Western District. As the only white child in the district, it is said that he was fluent in the languages of the Djab wurrung and frequently played with local Aboriginal children on his father's property, Lexington, outside modern-day Moyston. This story has been passed down through the generations of his family.

Col Hutchison, former historian for the AFL, wrote in support of the theory postulated by Flanagan, and his account appears on an official AFL memorial to Tom Wills in Moyston, erected in 1998. While playing as a child with Aboriginal children in this area [Moyston] he [Tom Wills] developed a game which he later utilised in the formation of Australian Football.

Sports historian Gillian Hibbins—who researched the origins of Australian rules football for the Australian Football League's official account of the game's history as part of its 150th anniversary celebrations—sternly rejects the theory, stating that while Marn Grook was "definitely" played around Port Fairy and throughout the Melbourne area, there is no evidence that the game was played north of the Grampians or by the Djabwurrung people, and the claim that Wills observed and possibly played the game is improbable. Hibbin's account was widely publicised causing significant controversy and offending prominent Indigenous footballers who openly criticised the publication.

Professor Jenny Hocking of Monash University and Nell Reidy have also published eyewitness accounts of the game having been played in the area in which Tom Wills grew up.

In his exhaustive research of the first four decades of Australian rules football, historian Mark Pennings "could not find evidence that those who wrote the first rules were influenced by the Indigenous game of Marngrook". Melbourne Cricket Club researcher Trevor Ruddell wrote in 2013 that Marn Grook "has no causal link with, nor any documented influence upon, the early development of Australian football."

Chris Hallinan and Barry Judd describe the historical perspective of the history of Australian Rules as Anglo-centric, having been reluctant to acknowledge the Indigenous contribution. They go on to suggest this is an example of white Australians struggling to accept Indigenous peoples "as active and intelligent human subjects".

If Tom Wills had have said "Hey, we should have a game of our own more like the football the black fellas play" it would have killed it stone dead before it was even born.

Comparisons with Australian rules football
Advocates of these theories have drawn comparisons in the catching of the kicked ball (the mark) and the high jumping to catch the ball (the spectacular mark) that have been attributes of both games. However, the connection is speculative. For instance spectacular high marking did not become common in Australian rules football until the 1880s.

Marn Grook and the Australian rules football term "mark"
Some claim that the origin of the Australian rules term mark, meaning a clean, fair catch of a kicked ball, followed by a free kick, is derived from the Aboriginal word mumarki used in Marn Grook, and meaning "to catch". The application of the word "mark" in "foot-ball" (and in many other games) dates to the Elizabethan era and is likely derived from the practice where a player marks the ground to show where a catch had been taken or where the ball should be placed. The use of the word "mark" to indicate an "impression or trace forming a sign" on the ground dates to c. 1200.

title: Marn Grook


text:
Vodafone España

Vodafone España, S.A.U. is a mobile telecommunications operator in Spain headquartered in Madrid. The company was founded in 2001, as a result of the merger of the shares held by Vodafone and British Telecom, and Airtel.

Vodafone España offers GSM900/1800 MHz (2G), UMTS (3G), HSDPA (3.5G) and 4G LTE services in Spain.

In 2007, Vodafone acquired the Spanish operations of Tele2, and subsequently acquired the cable operator ONO in 2014.

In January 2019, Vodafone Spain reported, through a statement to the workers' representatives, the opening of a collective dismissal procedure "for economic, productive and organizational reasons" that would affect a maximum of 1,200 employees, on 23, 5% of the workforce. In May 2019, Vodafone Spain announced the launch of 5G technology in the summer in cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao, Malaga, Seville and Valencia.

In October 2023, Vodafone Group plc reported that it has begun the process of selling its Spanish division to the British private equity firm Zegona Communications, which was concluded on May 31, 2024.

Marketing
Its motto was ''Es tu momento. Es Vodafone.'' (It's your moment. It's Vodafone.). Its former slogan was Vodafone's previous global slogan, "Power to you". And "El Futuro Es Apasionante. Ready?". (The Future is Exciting. Ready?). Its current slogan is Vodafone's current global slogan, "Together we can".

title: Vodafone España


text:
Talk:Koffing

Smogon.com
I feel that Smogon.com should have its own page, since it seems pretty ridiculous to place it here. Artemis Kuiper 23:51, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

It did a long time ago, but it got deleted because it was seen as advertising. >_>

Serebii.net anybody? Wizrdwarts (T|C|E) 22:04, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Serebii hacked
Are we sure that Smogon hacked Serebii?

far from it, in fact, smogon's down now too. i'll revert it, and if it carries on, someone more familiar with wikipedia than me would be wise to make the page protected.

Major Editing
I've done some major editing of this article. There was a huge amount of vandalism thats been there for who knows how long, and some generally badly constructed sentences. I've rewritten part of the article, and may add more information later. Any thoughts on whats been done so far? MelicansMatkin 03:28, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Koffing


text:
Senegalese Democratic Bloc

Senegalese Democratic Bloc (in French: Bloc Démocratique Sénégalais) was a political party in Senegal, founded on 27 October 1948 by Léopold Sédar Senghor, following a split from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). One month after the split from SFIO, Senghor associated himself with the Indépendants d'Outre-Mer parliamentary fraction.

The BDS united the uniting the Union Générale des Originaires du Fleuve, the Mouvement des Forces Démocratiques de Casamance, and the Association des Toucouleurs du Fouta Toro.

In the 1951 legislative elections BDS got 213 182 votes (67% of the votes cast in Senegal). Two BDS members are elected MPs, Senghor and Abbas Gueye (a local CGT leader). The electoral campaign was marred by violence between BDS and SFIO.

BDS relied heavily on religious and tribal authorities to spread their influence. The combination of the capability to gather many different ethnic group and Senghor's personal charisma ensured BDS predominance in Senegalese pre-Independence politics.

In 1956 BDS won the municipal elections in Kaolack, Thiès, Louga, Diourbel and Ziguinchor. BDS lost in Dakar.

On 18 August 1956 BDS held its last plenary meeting. That meeting paved the way for the merger of BDS with the Senegalese Democratic Union (UDS), Casamance Autonomist Movement (MAC) and a fraction of the Senegalese Popular Movement (MPS) led by Abdolaye Thiaw. The result of the merger was the creation of the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS).

title: Senegalese Democratic Bloc


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Talk:Cinque Ports (1703 ship)

A government ship?
Not HMS Cinque Ports (1703)? --Wetman 09:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * possibly (and quite likely too), but I have no knowledge of that. Do you? - Ian ≡ talk 10:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The Cinque Ports, like its companion ship the St George, was an armed merchantman and not a Royal Navy ship. Confusion possibly stems from a statement in the [//en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dampier,_William 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article] that "Dampier commanded two government privateers". — Dr.Gulliver (talk) 13:53, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Loss of ship and crew
"with the loss of most of her crew." - is this true? I'm pretty sure I saw a TV documentary about Selkirk, which said that after it sank its crew were picked up by either a French or Spanish ship (I forget which) and spent several years imprisoned by them. I believe Selkirk got home before the captain did. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 10:16, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm fairly certain about that but don't have the reference at my fingertips right now. I will respond asap. - Ian ≡ talk 10:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * a fairly quick search found this: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/europe/oddities_europe.shtml (see 3rd last para) - Ian ≡ talk 10:34, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Could be mixing up shipwrecked crew with the recaptured Stradling. Rogers writes that the Cinque Ports foundered off the coast of present-day Colombia. Captain Stradling and the surviving members of his crew were made prisoners of the Spanish. Stradling was returned to Europe "in a French ship, some months after we [i.e. Rogers and the rescued Selkirk] left the South Seas." — Dr.Gulliver (talk) 13:53, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

Description of ship
The description of the Cinque Ports as a "galleon" is misleading - it is usually described as a galley. And where the idea of it being a "government" ship came from is a mystery - both the Cinque Ports and the St George were privateers. It would be interesting to have the source for the dimensions quoted for the Cinque Ports - 150 foot long seems very dubious for a 90-ton ship. Tiercelin1852 09:06, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

 * In regards to the size of the Cinque Ports, its [//www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/journeys/voyage_html/transcripts/cinqueports.htm letter of marque] indicates the ship was about 130 tons burthen. Other details including armament and complement differ from Funnell's account; but as these could just possibly have been modified prior to sailing have left them unchanged for now. — Dr.Gulliver (talk) 13:53, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

 * The terminology is confusing. This could not have been an actual galley any more than the Charles Galley was. The term "galley" was used by several navies that didn't actually have genuine galleys (like row galleys), which is essentially a Mediterranean ship type. The only thing they had in common with the real galleys was that they could be rowed. That doesn't make them galleys any more than xebecs, turumas or any other oared sailing ship hybrids.
 * There's more referenced information about this at galley.
 * Peter Isotalo 00:28, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cinque Ports (1703 ship)


text: User talk:4.131.153.183

title: User talk:4.131.153.183


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Q-Less

"Q-Less" is the seventh episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9), and aired February 8, 1993.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy, near the planet Bajor, as the Bajorans recover from a brutal decades-long occupation by the imperialistic Cardassians. This episode features guest appearances from two recurring characters from Star Trek: The Next Generation: Vash (Jennifer Hetrick), a former love interest of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, and the powerful trickster Q (John de Lancie). In the episode, Vash arrives at Deep Space Nine after traveling with Q in the Gamma Quadrant for some time, trying to avoid Q and sell artifacts including a mysterious alien crystal. The episode was Hetrick's final performance as Vash, and de Lancie's only appearance as Q on Deep Space Nine.

Two former writers from TNG, Hannah Louise Shearer and Robert Hewitt Wolfe, wrote the episode. While it would be Shearer's last Star Trek credit, Wolfe's work on the script led to him joining the writing team on DS9. The producers wanted to introduce Q to the show in a seamless manner; when Shearer proposed a Vash-centric story, Q was added to the script. "Q-Less" highlights the differences between DS9 and TNG by comparing the reactions of Commander Benjamin Sisko (Avery Brooks) and Captain Picard to Q. On its first broadcast, "Q-Less" received Nielsen ratings of 12.8 percent, placing it as the fifth most watched episode of the season. Reception was mixed, with reviewers criticizing the imbalance of time spent with Vash and Q in contrast to the rest of the cast, as well as the unnecessary technobabble in the story and the MacGuffin-like plot device represented by the crystal.

Plot
Lt. Jadzia Dax (Terry Farrell) returns from the Gamma Quadrant in her runabout with a woman that Chief Miles O'Brien (Colm Meaney) recognizes as Vash from his time on board the Enterprise. Although the crew is unaware of his presence, Q — a nearly omnipotent prankster — has also stowed away on the runabout. During their trip back to Deep Space Nine, the vessel undergoes a series of unusual power drains.

Soon after Vash's arrival, the station begins to experience similar power failures. In the meantime, Q appears to Vash, apparently infatuated with her. Although Q transported Vash to the Gamma Quadrant two years earlier, now she wants nothing to do with him, much to Q's annoyance. When Dr. Julian Bashir (Alexander Siddig) asks Vash out for dinner, a jealous Q uses his powers to make Bashir fall asleep. Meanwhile, the bartender Quark (Armin Shimerman) arranges to auction off items Vash found in the Gamma Quadrant, including an unusual crystal that might fetch a high price.

O'Brien spots Q on the station, recognizes him from the Enterprise, and warns Commander Sisko, speculating that Q may be responsible for the power drains. When confronted, Q denies any wrongdoing, although he offers no alternative explanation. As the power drains become more severe, the station begins to be pulled toward the nearby wormhole. After a little needling, Q challenges Sisko to a boxing match, and suddenly they are both wearing antique-style boxing costumes. A few punches are thrown by Q but Sisko is able to block the last punch and knock Q down with a one two punch, shocking Q.

At the auction, Vash's crystal receives bids in excess of one thousand bars of gold-pressed latinum. Casually joining the bid process, Q ups the bidding to 2501 bars before bidding one million. Soon after, however, the source of the power losses is traced to the crystal itself. The crystal is quickly beamed into space before it can destroy the station. Once outside, it transforms into an alien life form and travels into the wormhole. After the incident, Bashir finally awakens from his slumber.

Development
The writers and producers of "Q-Less" developed the episode to show that DS9 was still connected to the Star Trek universe. To facilitate this idea, two TNG characters,  Vash, played by Jennifer Hetrick, and Q, played by John de Lancie, returned to DS9. Vash made her first appearance on TNG in the episode "Captain's Holiday", and then returned in "Qpid"; Q had appeared in most seasons of TNG since the first season. TNG writer Hannah Louise Shearer, known for writing episodes such as "The Price" and "We'll Always Have Paris", also crossed over to DS9. "Q-Less" was the last Star Trek writing credit for Shearer.

Shearer's pitch featured Vash, who had last been seen at the end of "Qpid" leaving with Q, but the pitch did not include Q himself. Executive producer Michael Piller explained that they had already been looking for a way to introduce Q into DS9, and felt that bringing Vash onto the show would be a good way to seamlessly introduce Q. There were concerns about shoving Q into an episode but the idea of "Q-Less" alleviated them. "If you just have him come on and say 'Look, is this the new show?' it's silly, but this seemed to be a justifiable way", Piller recalled.

TNG writer Robert Hewitt Wolfe, who had writing credits on a number of episodes, including both the previous Vash stories, converted Shearer's story into a script. His work on the first draft led to a full-time position on the writing staff for DS9; Q was added to the story at this stage. Q's motivations were drawn from his previous appearances on TNG, but Wolfe found it difficult to create the interactions between Q and the other characters on DS9. At the time the script was under development, there was little footage of DS9 available. Wolfe could only characterize the motivations towards Q as annoyance rather than any real emotional engagement. However, he came upon the idea that he could demonstrate the difference between DS9 and TNG by showing the reactions of the characters to Q instead.

Characters
Wolfe believed that if he had written the episode later in the series he would have concentrated more on the established characters and less on Q and Vash. De Lancie felt that the episode never explained Q's motivation for wanting to stay with Vash. "I think Q is best used when he deals with large philosophical issues, and skirt chasing just isn't one of them", he said. Because certain aspects of Q's character are left unexplored, de Lancie found that "the style, the quips and the panache in which things are done become very important".

The boxing scene was intended to differentiate the relationship between Q and Sisko from that of Q and Picard. "Picard is an explorer, and in some ways, very much an intellectual. Sisko is a builder, a different kind of guy. He wears his heart a little more on his sleeve, and he acts on emotion, on instinct, more than Picard", Wolfe explained. John de Lancie offered a similar opinion: "Q's relationship with Picard has always been a battle of wits, but I come into Deep Space Nine, and Sisko just bopped me on the nose! From a character point of view, that's a very big difference."

Hetrick felt that the move away from TNG gave Vash more independence, and she enjoyed the new relationship between Vash and Quark, calling them "kindred spirits". She was also pleased to be working with de Lancie again. "I love the way they write for John, and I loved the stuff we got to do together in 'Q-Less'", she said. Hetrick underwent ten hours of make-up for the sequence where Q shows Vash what could have happened if he did not save her life following an insect bite in the Gamma Quadrant. The experience left her with a newfound appreciation for not having to wear prosthetics like other members of the cast.

Hetrick thought that if she returned to DS9 as Vash, then something could be built around the Vash-Quark relationship: "That would be a really nice pairing, because you have these two different backgrounds but they're both after the same thing." Towards the end of the second season, the producers inquired about Hetrick's availability. The actress was ready to appear on another DS9 episode, but the writers changed direction and there were no further plans for the Vash character. "Q-Less" was the final Star Trek appearance for Hetrick, and the only appearance in DS9 for John de Lancie.

Filming
Director Paul Lynch compared the production on "Q-Less" to a typical TNG episode. On DS9, the shots were more complex and generally featured more special effects. Lynch said that the scene which showed Q seamlessly teleporting himself from one chair to another, changing his costume as he went, was particularly difficult. The producers, particularly Rick Berman, were determined for DS9 to be the best that it could be, notes Lynch. The comedic elements of the episode required precise timing, with Lynch comparing it to the television series Moonlighting.

Reception
"Q-Less" was first shown on February 8, 1993, in broadcast syndication. It received a Nielsen rating of 12.8 percent, placing fifth in its time slot. "Q-Less" was the fifth highest rated episode of the season, behind "Emissary", "Past Prologue", "A Man Alone" and "Captive Pursuit".

Zack Handlen reviewed the episode for The A.V. Club in 2012, calling Q an "iconic figure". Handlen said Q allowed the writers to compare the different reaction of the characters to his presence in DS9 and TNG. However, Handlen felt that Q was not a good fit for DS9, as the character seemed like an afterthought. Also, the pairing of Vash and Q took up too much screen time compared to the main cast, Handlen noted, while the overall plot involving the "stealth alien" embryo "plays like an abandoned script from early in TNG's run, and an example of a fascinating concept reduced to a perfunctory MacGuffin," Handlen wrote.

Keith DeCandido, in a review of "Q-Less" for Tor.com, praised the relationship between Vash and Quark and thought that it should have been explored further. Like Handlen, DeCandido also felt that Q did not quite fit in DS9, but acknowledged that his performance in this episode was an improvement over his later appearances in Star Trek: Voyager. DeCandido described the boxing scene where Sisko punches Q as "wonderful" and "spectacular". However, he thought that aspects of the plot had too much technobabble; for example, the embryo plotline could have been resolved by a form of Customs procedure. "Ultimately", DeCandido concludes, "none of this matters, because it comes down to one great moment of Sisko decking Q. Bliss."

In Atara Stein's The Byronic Hero in Film, Fiction, and Television (2009), she compared the role of Q in both "Q-Less" and "True Q" as one where he reprises his "satanic role" and "in each case [tries] to lure a woman to join him". Stein also states of the Q/Vash relationship that "Q's demeanor toward Vash is clearly coded as that of a potential rapist. He pushes her onto a bed and shows no compunction about threatening and brutalizing her." In Stein's view, despite this treatment and the feminist stance taken by Vash, Q is treated sympathetically by the writers of the episode. It is made clear that Q could have won Vash around if he chose to, and so the character seemed "sensitive and vulnerable, and Vash seems cold-hearted by comparison."

Home video
"Q-Less" was first released for home media in the United States on VHS on November 19, 1996. It was released in the United Kingdom on DVD as part of the season one box set on March 24, 2003, and in the United States on June 3. The episode is also included in the Star Trek: Q Fan Collective compilation DVD set, which was released in the United States on June 6, 2006, and later that year in the UK on September 4.

On February 8, 1997 this episode was released on LaserDisc in Japan as part of the half-season box set 1st Season Vol. 1. This included episodes from "Emissary" to "Move Along Home" with both English and Japanese audio tracks.

title: Q-Less


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The Block (Australian TV series)

The Block is an Australian reality television series broadcast on the Nine Network. The series follows four or five couples as they compete against each other to renovate and style houses/apartments and sell them at auction for the highest price.

The original series first ran for two consecutive seasons in 2003 and 2004, and was originally hosted by Jamie Durie.

The Nine Network revived The Block after a six-year absence, with a third season commenced airing on 22 September 2010, this time hosted by television personality and builder Scott Cam. Shelley Craft joined as co-host from the fourth season.

The Block has a large number of commercial sponsors and prominently features brand sponsorships regularly throughout episodes.

Format
The original format of the series featured four couples with a prior relationship renovating a derelict apartment block in the Sydney suburb of Bondi, with each couple renovating a separate apartment over a period of 12 weeks and with a budget of A$40,000. The apartments were then sold at auction, with each couple keeping any profit made above a set reserve price and the couple with the highest profit winning a A$100,000 prize. The current format is relatively the same except the series usually features five couples, it is mainly based in Melbourne suburbs and the budget is $100,000+.

The first season was filmed at Bondi and the second at Manly. The third season again took place in Sydney, in the suburb of Vaucluse. Moving to Victoria, the fourth season was filmed in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, Victoria on Cameron Street. Breaking with tradition, season four was filmed in four side-by-side houses as opposed to an apartment block of four. Season four saw television personality Shelley Craft join Scott Cam in hosting the show.

Season five began airing in April 2012. As with season four, season five has retained the four separate houses format, as opposed to four apartments in a single apartment block as in earlier seasons. Season five is again set in Melbourne, on Dorcas Street, and is set in four adjacent multi-storey town houses. Season six returned to Sydney, in Bondi, for the tenth anniversary. The program has remained in Melbourne since season seven.

The first three seasons of The Block aired once weekly for 13, 26 and 9 weeks respectively. Since season four, the program has aired across multiple nights per week.

Auction
Notes

Returning teams

 * Brad & Dale were both contestants on Season 5, but they were with their partners (Lara & Sophie respectively). In Season 8, they returned to the show as a team.
 * This amount of money is split between the two contestants in the team.

Season 1
The first season of The Block began airing on 1 June 2003 on the Nine Network, replacing Backyard Blitz and Location Location in the network's flagship time slot of Sunday at 6:30 to 7:30 pm (AEST). The season was presented by Backyard Blitz host Jamie Durie and filmed in Bondi, New South Wales, with the majority of filming being completed prior to the series airing for editing purposes.

Selected from approximately 2,000 applicants, the four couples in the season were:
 * Adam Thorn (aged 30) and Fiona Mills (27), a married couple from Banksia. A data analyst and former sales representative, the couple had renovated three properties prior to competing on The Block. They renovated the first ground-floor apartment (flat number one) and were widely considered the "show favourites" throughout the course of the season. Their apartment—which was the last to be auctioned—sold for $751,000 earning them the highest profit of $156,000 as well as the winning prize of $100,000. Mills appeared on the cover of Ralph while the season was airing in July 2003.
 * Warren Sonin (37) and Gavin Atkins (35), a sales manager and public relations manager from Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales. They are the first male same-sex couple to compete on The Block.
 * Paul and Kylie Ingram
 * Phil Rankine and Amity Dry

The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 2
Following the success of the first season, an expanded second season of 26 episodes, airing twice weekly, premiered on 18 April 2004. The season was again set in Sydney, although in the suburb of Manly rather than Bondi where the first season was located.

The auction profits had a combined result of $$$ with two properties not selling at auction.

Selected from over 18,000 applicants, the four couples in the season were:

Two original contestants, Dani and Monique Bacha, left the program in January 2004, two weeks into the second season, when it was reported that Dani had spent six months in jail in 2002 following his conviction for a drug-related offence. Andrew Rochford and Jamie Nicholson replaced Dani and Monique Bacha.

Season 3
After a long break, the series was revived in 2010 with a set of four apartments in the upmarket suburb of Vaucluse in Sydney being renovated and Scott Cam replacing Jamie Durie as host.

The auction profits had a combined result of $$$ with only one property not selling at auction.

Season 4
Season four saw six major changes to the format of The Block.
 * The location has changed to Melbourne instead of Sydney.
 * An initial elimination week sees eight couples reduced to four.
 * Instead of a block of flats with four apartments, there are four separate houses next to one another.
 * Contestants now have to renovate the exterior of their home, in addition to the interior.
 * Instead of two one-hour-long episodes airing per week, six episodes now air per week with a mix of one-hour- and half-hour-length episodes.
 * Shelley Craft has been introduced to help host special challenges where contestants can win extra cash and prizes for their houses.
 * A weekly episode named "The Blocked: Unlocked" was introduced. Hosted by Shelley Craft, the episode shares a personal insight into The Block transformations as the couples guide viewers through their completed rooms. It also includes behind the scenes footage and footage not seen on the main show.

Eight couples were initially selected, with four being eliminated and the other four being given keys to the houses. The four remaining teams are:
 * Josh and Jenna – House 1 (blue)
 * Polly and Waz – House 2 (yellow)
 * Katrina and Amie – House 3 (green)
 * Rod and Tanya – House 4 (red)

The winners of The Block were Polly and Waz. They made $15,000 in profit, and won the $100,000 grand prize, due to the other three couples' houses being passed in. In this finale episode, Josh proposed to Jenna, his girlfriend for five years and partner on The Block.

This was the worst auction in the history of The Block with auction profits having a combined result of $$$ due to only one property selling at auction.

Polly and Waz were the only couple whose property sold at auction, with the other three failing to meet their reserve prices. Following the auction, Amie and Katrina's property sold for their exact reserve amount, meaning they would not take any winnings from appearing on The Block. Also, Rod and Tania's property sold for the highest profit on The Block, at $72,000 (however, as it was after the auction, Polly and Waz are still the winners).

Season 5
This season, like season four, was also based in Melbourne, in the inner city suburb of South Melbourne with four double storey side by side terrace houses located at 401 – 407 Dorcas Street. The properties are all on separate titles with car access from Montague Street and plans approved to allow for a third story extension.

Eight couples were initially selected, with four being eliminated and the other four being given keys to the houses. The four remaining teams are:
 * Dale and Sophie – House 1 (blue)
 * Mike and Andrew – House 2 (yellow)
 * Brad and Lara – House 3 (green)
 * Dan and Dani – House 4 (red)

The auction profits had a combined result of $$$

Season 6
It was announced during the finale of the fifth season that an all-star edition of the series would air in 2013, with viewers able to vote for couples to return from past seasons. These votes were taken into consideration when selecting the contestants, and the four returning couples were announced in October 2012 as Phil and Amity (of season one), Mark and Duncan (season three), Josh and Jenna (season four) and Dan and Dani (season five). Phil and Amity won All Stars with a total of $1,670,000 selling for their home. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Production for the series relocated from Melbourne—which had hosted the prior two seasons—to its original location of Bondi in Sydney to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the show's first season. Filming took place over nine weeks from October to December 2012.

Darren Palmer, who was a guest judge in the fourth and fifth seasons, replaced John McGrath as a permanent judge for this season. Both Neale Whitaker and Shaynna Blaze reprised their roles as judges from the previous season.

Season 7

The Nine Network renewed The Block for a seventh season to air after Easter in 2013. The location for this season was 142 Park Street, South Melbourne. The building consists of 5 levels, with each couple allocated a full level to renovate. Alisa and Lysandra renovated level 1, Matt and Kim were responsible for level 2, level 3 was occupied by Bec and George, level 4 was completed by Madi and Jarrod and level 5 was made over by Trixie and Johnno.

Twin sisters Alisa and Lysandra won The Block, with a profit of $295,000. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

• Alisa & Lysandra win The Block with a $4000 profit lead over Madi & Jarrod.

Season 8
Applications for the eighth season of the series opened whilst the seventh season was airing, with couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season was scheduled to occur between November 2013 and January 2014, and aired from 27 January 2014.

Season 8 was based in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park, Victoria. The production company paid $5.9 million for 47 O’Grady Street, a brick warehouse that was then transformed into four luxury apartments.

The working title of season 8 was "Fans vs Favourites" as shown in the 2014 preview that was aired on the Big Brother 2013 finale. Returning to The Block were Brad and Dale (season 5) / Alisa and Lysandra (season 7). Joining The Block were The Super K's – Kyal and Kara, and The Retro Rookies – Steve and Chantelle. Steve O'Donnell and Chantelle Ford won The Block with a profit of $636,000 + $100,000 winners' prize money. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

In May 2014, Lukas Kamay – who had won the auction for Alisa and Lysandra's apartment – was arrested for his involvement in an insider trading scam, for which he was later convicted and jailed. Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions Robert Bromwich told the court that the apartment purchase gave Kamay's crimes "a cloak of respectability". The sale agreement was broken, with the apartment to be re-sold at a later date.

Season 9
The ninth season of The Block featured contestants renovating a former office building in Prahran into luxury apartments, with the season subtitled as The Block: Glasshouse. Filming began in April 2014. One of the contestants was former professional Australian rules footballer Darren Jolly and his wife Deanne as one of the couples. The season debuted on 27 July 2014 at the 6:30 time slot.

Shannon and Simon Voss won The Block with a profit of $335,000 + $100,000 winners' prize money, while Michael & Carlene and Darren & Deanne made the bare minimum of $10,000 above reserve. Even newly-weds Karstan & Maxine only netted $40,000 in winnings. The auction profits had combined results of $$$.

Season 10
The Block was renewed for a Tenth season which was to begin airing on 27 January 2015.

The working title of season 10 was "Triple Threat" as shown in the 2014 preview that was aired on 23 November 2014. It was premiered on 27 January 2015 where contestants renovate a former three-level block of flats. Darren & Deanne (season 9), Bec & George and Matt & Kim (both season 7) returned to vie for a spot as contestants. Former contestant Dan Reilly from seasons 5 and 6 returned, this time as an apprentice foreman ("foreboy") under Keith's guidance after Dan himself became a qualified builder, who was a qualified carpenter during his stints as a contestant.

Former contestants Darren & Deanne won the season with $835,000 + $100,000 prize money, and all contestants won over $665,000. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 11
The Block was renewed for an eleventh season, which went into production in May 2015. Season 11 put the show 'back-to-basics' after ratings declines during the tenth season; episodes were cut from 90 to 60 minutes, fewer episodes, the eliminations were removed and Thursday night episodes were dropped.

Filming for season 11 began on 15 May 2015. This season renovated the former Hotel Saville in South Yarra – an octagonal, eight floor brick building. The title for Season 11 is "The Block: Blocktagon".

Co-creator Julian Cress said that this season of The Block would have no tradies and only passionate do-it-yourself couples. In other seasons, at least one person in each team had a trade. The change came in the new direction in the back-to-basics change to the season. Cress said viewers would relate more to the characters who are big on spirit but small on skills when the show returned later in the year.

This season was sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Swisse Australia (vitamins), Aldi (groceries), Domain (money and apartment information), The Good Guys (electronics and kitchens) and Suzuki (transport).

Shay & Dean Paine won the season with $655,000 + $100,000 prize money, and all contestants won over $349,000. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 12
On 28 October 2015, Nine renewed the series for a twelfth season. Since 2013, the Nine Network had aired two seasons of the show each year. In 2016, however, this would be the one and only season airing, and it did not air until the last quarter of 2016. It was once again set in Melbourne. On 27 December 2015, Frank Valentic teased a video saying that there are rumours of The Block going to Greville Street, Prahran.

On 18 February 2016, it was reported that The Block's producers had bought an old heritage-listed soap factory for $5 million at 164 Ingles Street, Port Melbourne. This address was confirmed by Scott Cam on The Today Show on 9 May 2016. Filming began on 26 May 2016. The series began airing in August 2016 and had 5 teams competing. The season premiered on Sunday 21 August 2016. This season's contestants, Julia & Sasha, are the first ever female same-sex couple to compete on any season of The Block. The season concluded on 13 November 2016.

This season is sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Aldi (groceries), Domain (cash flow and apartment information), McCafé (snacks, beverages, and the McCafe Quality Award), Stayz (challenge and additional finale prizes), Suzuki (transport and viewer voting prize) and Telstra (Smart Home Technology and additional cash flow).

William Bethune & Karlie Cicero won the season with $715,000 + $100,000 prize money. Each team of contestants won $425,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 13
On 8 November 2016, The Block was renewed for a thirteenth season at Nine's upfronts. Applications for the thirteenth season of the series opened on 9 January 2017, with energetic couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season is scheduled to occur between April 2017 and July 2017. The casting call also specifies first round couples will be reduced to final participants in the first week of filming, which suggests Season 13 will feature an elimination round similar to that of Season 5.

On 11 March 2017, it was reported that a vacant block of land at 46 Regent Street, Elsternwick, had been purchased for $9.6 million back in December 2016, with plans approved to build a five lot subdivision, meaning for the first time ever, they would be building a property from the ground up, instead of renovating an existing building. On 17 March 2017, it was officially confirmed that 46 Regent Street Elsternwick will be the location of The Block's thirteenth season with filming to begin on 27 April 2017, however they will not be building a property from the ground up, as five old rundown weatherboard houses are being relocated to the location, meaning this will be the first time since the sixth season the contestants will renovate a house.

In June 2017, Network Nine officially announced the location and teams for the thirteenth season of The Block, one team being Aussie Model Elyse Knowles and her Boyfriend Josh. The season will premiere on Sunday 30 July 2017.

This season is sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Domain (cash flow & house marketing), McCafé (snacks & beverages), Stayz (challenge & additional finale prizes), Volkswagen (transport & cash flow), Centrum (vitamins) & Youfoodz (groceries & meals).

Elyse Knowles & Josh Barker won the season with $447,000 + $100,000 prize money. Each team of contestants won $95,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 14
On 21 November 2016, it was reported the producers were looking at The Gatwick Private Hotel at 34 Fitzroy Street, St Kilda as a possible site for its thirteenth season. On 17 December 2016, it was reported that The Block producers and the owners of The Gatwick Hotel are currently in negotiations on purchasing the property. On 4 March 2017, it was reported that the Gatwick Hotel deal did not go ahead and that the producers are searching for another property, however on 6 March 2017, it was reported the producers were in a closing deal to buy the property as residents of the building are to move out. On 17 March 2017, it was reported that The Gatwick Hotel would not be the location of The Block's thirteenth season, although there was still interest in the building. On 22 March 2017, Nine officially confirmed that the building had been purchased and will be used for a future season of The Block.

In June 2017, The Block producers lodged renovation plans for The Gatwick Hotel with Port Phillip City Council. On 23 July 2017, the renovation plans were officially released,  the information included that the network paid $10 million for the building (not $15 million as originally reported), it was confirmed that the site will have eight apartments, two-bedrooms on the ground level and three-bedrooms for the remaining homes, the existing roof to be partly demolished and a fourth floor built to include pergolas above outdoor terraces & a car park area would have six car spaces and bicycle parking, and each apartment would come with secure storage.

Applications for the fourteenth season of the series opened in August 2017 until 10 September 2017, looking for couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season was originally slated to occur between January 2018 and April 2018, but will begin filming on 8 February 2018. In October 2017, the fourteenth season and location of The Block were officially confirmed at Nine's upfronts. In June 2018, Network Nine announced the teams for the fourteenth season of The Block. In July 2018, Network Nine announced the premiere date of Season 14 as Sunday, 5 August at 7pm.

This season is sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Domain (cash flow & house marketing), McCafé (snacks & beverages), Volkswagen (transport & cash flow), Youfoodz (groceries & meals) & BlueScope Steel (housing foundation, weekly viewer's choice voting & promotion).

Hayden Vale & Sara Tumino won the season with $545,000 + $100,000 prize money. Each team of contestants won $209,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 15
In June 2018, it was reported that The Block producers had acquired a rundown backpackers accommodation, Oslo Hotel, at 38 Grey Street, St Kilda, through an off-market deal struck after the series approached one of the owners. The building contains five mansions hidden behind the facade. The series producers and building planners set to submit renovation plans to the City of Port Phillip council imminently. In October 2018, the Oslo Hotel was confirmed as the next location for renovation, Nine Network acquired the building for $10.8 million.

In July 2019, Network Nine announced the teams for the fifteenth season of The Block and announced the premiere date as Sunday, 4 August at 7pm.

This season is sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Domain (cash flow & house marketing), McCafé (snacks & beverages), Volkswagen (transport & cash flow), Lite N‘ Easy (groceries & meals) & BlueScope Steel (housing foundation, weekly viewer's choice voting & promotion).

Tess Cattana & Luke Struber won the season with $630,000 + $100,000 prize money. Each team of contestants won $384,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 16
In July 2019, it was reported by the Herald Sun that The Block and Channel 9 had acquired a vacant block of land in the exclusive bayside suburb of Brighton on 360 New Street, Brighton. Newly renovated houses are expected to be built on the land in 2020 for the 16th season of the Block.

Applications for the sixteenth season of the series opened in August 2019 until 15 September 2019, looking for couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season is slated to begin in late January 2020.

In October 2019, the sixteenth season and location of The Block were officially confirmed at Nine's upfronts.

In March 2020, the season was suspended due to the coronavirus pandemic and the potential risk it could cause to the crew, workers and contestants. After more than a month of suspension, the season resumed production on 4 May 2020 With extra safety precautions set in place.

In July 2020, Nine Network announced the teams for this season. The sixteenth season of The Block will premiere on Sunday, 23 August at 7pm.

This season is sponsored by Mitre 10 (building equipment), Domain (cash flow & house marketing), McCafé (snacks & beverages), Ford (transport & cash flow), Lite N‘ Easy (meals), Aldi (groceries) & BlueScope Steel (housing foundation, weekly viewer's choice voting & promotion).

Jimmy & Tam Wilkins won the season with $966,000 + $100,000 prize money, which makes them the first team to win over $1 million. Each team of contestants won $460,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$, which is currently the highest combined result over all seasons.

Season 17
Applications for the seventeenth season of the series opened in August 2020 until 27 September 2020, looking for couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming is expected to be a 10–12 week shoot period from late February 2021 In September 2020, the seventeenth season of The Block was officially confirmed at Nine's 2021 upfronts. In October 2020, it was reported that 5 properties on Bronte Court in Hampton, Victoria, were in the process of being purchased by Nine. In December 2020, it was confirmed that Bronte Court will be the next location for renovation, Nine Network acquired five houses in the area for $11.5 million combined.

In July 2021, it was officially confirmed the season will be Fans vs Faves, the second iteration of the format since season 8. Returning to the series are Mitch and Mark (season 15) / Ronnie and Georgia (season 13). Joining The Block will be Tanya and Vito, Josh and Luke & Kirsty and Jesse.

The seventeenth season of The Block premiered on Sunday, 8 August at 7pm.

Mitch Edwards & Mark McKie won the season with $644,444.44 + $100,000 prize money, Each team of contestants won $296,000 or more. The auction profits had a combined result of $$$.

Season 18
Applications for the eighteenth season of the series opened in September 2021 until 18 October 2021, looking for couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming is expected to be a 10–12 week shoot period from late February 2022. In September 2021, the eighteenth season of The Block was officially confirmed at Nine's 2022 upfronts, and for the first time the series will be heading to a regional location, the Macedon Ranges, where the contestants will be transforming country houses.

In early April 2022, the day filming was scheduled to commence it was confirmed by sources that a contestant had tested positive to COVID-19. Filming was delayed by a week with filming commencing mid-April.

Omar & Oz won the season with $1,586,666.66 + $100,000 prize money, leaving both of them with $843,333 each and being the second biggest profit to date for one team. Despite the huge win the other teams didn't fare so well. Ryan & Rachel passed in at auction but immediately sold to the highest bidder for $169,000.50 and Tom & Sarah-Jane sold for $20,000.99 the lowest profit since season 9. Ankur & Sharon and Dylan & Jenny's homes were both passed in with no result on auction day. On 11 November 2022, it was confirmed Ankur & Sharon's house had sold for $4.25 million giving them a profit of $170,000. On 13 February 2023, Dylan and Jenny's house was sold for an undisclosed amount more than 3 months after auction. In May 2023, it was revealed their house had sold for $3.9 million, $180,000 under reserve, meaning they did not make any profit.

Season 19
Applications for the nineteenth season of the series opened in September 2022. In September 2022, it was reported Nine had bought five classic brick homes in Charming street, Hampton East, Victoria, for an estimated amount of $14.3 million. Construction began on the houses in mid-March 2023, and a series promo with a 1950s theme was filmed on the street with the unconfirmed contestants in the same month. Filming is expected to be a 10- to 12-week shoot period from early March 2023. Filming of the series was completed in mid June 2023. In July 2023, it was announced judge Neale Whitaker will be stepping back on judging duties and Marty Fox will step in as a judge. On 20 July 2023, the nineteenth season of The Block was confirmed to premiere on Sunday, 6 August at 7pm along with the reveal of the contestants.

Gian & Steph won the season with $1,650,000 + $100,000 prize money, leaving both of them with $1,750,000 and being the biggest profit to date for one team. The second auction held by Eliza & Liberty gave them a profit of $1,050,000 which will be split between each other. Despite these two huge wins the other teams didn't fare so well. Kristy & Brett (third auction) only made a profit of $65,000 whilst Kyle & Leslie (fourth auction) made a profit of $130,000, a fraction of the winners’ profit. The fifth and last auction by Leah & Ash ended up passing in with no result on auction day. On 28 February 2024, it was confirmed Leah & Ash’s house had sold for $3.125 million, giving them a profit of $155,000.

Season 20
Applications for the twentieth season of the series opened in September 2023 until 15 October 2023, looking for couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming is expected to be a 12 week shoot period from late February 2024. In September 2023, the twentieth season of The Block was officially confirmed at Nine's 2024 upfronts. The location for this season was set to be in Daylesford, Victoria, however due to permit issues and complaints by local residents, Nine decided not to build in the area and started searching for a new location. In October 2023, it was reported Nine had purchased the Island Cove Villas, set over 2.5 acres, for $9.5 Million on Phillip Island. On 3 November 2023, the location was officially confirmed by Nine. In December 2023, a tall privacy wall was built around the perimeter of the location to prevent locals from entering the premises. In May 2024, foreman Keith Schleiger announced he would be drawing back his appearance to guest this season due to family commitments. On 26 June 2024, the first teaser was shown which also revealed the contestants. It was also revealed that longtime judge Neale Whitaker would not be returning to the show as a regular judge, after previously stepping back on judging duties in 2023. Marty Fox will return as his replacement, and Whitaker will make a guest appearance.

Future
The location for the 2024 season (season 20) was set to be in Daylesford, Victoria, however due to permit issues and complaints by local residents, Nine decided not to build in the area and went with new location of Phillip Island. In July 2024, it was announced that the 2025 season would return to Daylesford after permits were accepted by the council, a 2400 square-metre block on 1 Raglan Street was sold to Nine earlier in 2024 for an undisclosed price.

Viewership
The two first seasons were successful with audience viewership, with the first season averaging 2.2 million viewers. The season one finale was watched by 3.115 million viewers, and Season 2 was watched by 2.273 million viewers.

The third season debuted with 1,134,000, a daily rank of 9. It lost to all its main time slot competition, which consisted of Glee on Network Ten and Border Security on the Seven Network. However, it remained successful with key demographics and enjoyed steady ratings throughout the season. Season 3 concluded with 1.712 million viewers, and it was the top program of the night in total people and all key demographics. It was also the second-most-watched program of the week.

Reno Rumble
Reno Rumble was a program that pit teams from The Block against teams from the Seven Network's reality series House Rules. The program aired on the Nine Network and was produced by the same production company as The Block.

The series was renewed for a second season but did not involve former contestants from The Block or House Rules and was only produced by the Nine Network.

Death
One of the workers, John Jeremy Bradley, passed away earlier in October 2022. He suffered a heart attack at age 42.

title: The Block (Australian TV series)


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Emile Vandervelde

Emile Vandervelde (25 January 1866 – 27 December 1938) was a Belgian socialist politician. Nicknamed "the boss" (le patron), Vandervelde was a leading figure in the Belgian Labour Party (POB–BWP) and in international socialism.

Career
Emile Auguste Vandervelde was born into a middle-class family in Ixelles, a suburb of Brussels, Belgium on 25 January 1866. Initially attracted by Liberal politics, Vandervelde entered the Free University of Brussels as a law student in 1881. However, he soon became interested in emerging socialist ideas and, in 1885, joined the small Workers' League of Ixelles (Ligue Ouvrière d'Ixelles). In 1886, he joined the newly formed Belgian Labour Party (POB–BWP). He worked as an academic at the Free University. Vandervelde was active in Belgian Freemasonry and was a member of the Lodge Les Amis philanthropes du Grand Orient de Belgique, in Brussels.

Following the extension of universal male suffrage in 1893, Vandervelde proposed a manifesto for the POB, known as the Charter of Quaregnon which would form the basis for Belgian socialist politics until the 1970s. In the 1894 elections, Vandervelde was elected to the Chamber of Representatives for the industrial city of Charleroi. He held the seat until 1890, when he transferred to Brussels which he held from 1900 to 1938. He was a staunch opponent of Leopold II and the absolute power he enjoyed in the Congo during the 1890s and wrote numerous articles against capitalist colonialism.

From 1900 to 1918, he held the position of president of the Second International.

Vandervelde was named Minister of State in 1914 and supported the policy of resistance to the German invasion of Belgium in World War I. As one of the more respected Socialists within Europe, he encouraged other socialists and other parties on the left to support the war against Germany. He wrote a telegram to the socialist party of Russia that called on the socialists to support the war effort. In 1916, he entered the de Broqueville government. He was a delegate for Belgium at the Treaty of Versailles and subsequently involved in the League of Nations. In 1923, he helped to found the Labour and Socialist International of which he held the presidency until 1938.

Vandervelde's principle political aims concerned the extension of universal suffrage and social democracy. As a theoretician, he wrote extensively on the role of the state in socialism. In 1913, he was named a corresponding member of the Classe des Lettres et des Sciences morales et politiques at the Royal Academy of Belgium, later becoming a titular member in 1929 and director of the Classe in 1933. He was an opponent of King Leopold II's attempts to expand his constitutional powers through the creation of the Congo Free State in the period leading up to the Free State's annexation by Belgium in 1908. Vandervelde held the portfolio of Minister of Justice between 1918 and 1921 in which role he supported prison reform, measures against alcoholism, trade union rights and women's rights. In 1922, Vandervelde joined a group of socialist lawyers including Arthur Wauters, member of the Belgian Labour Party, Kurt Rosenfeld and Theodor Liebknecht, members of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. They travelled to Russia as a group of socialist lawyers where they defended members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in the 1922 Moscow Trial of Socialist Revolutionaries. This resulted in his inclusion into a satirical poem "Mayakovsky Gallery" by the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. From 1925 to 1927, he held the role of Minister of Foreign Affairs where he contributed to the Locarno Pact. He subsequently held a position on the Council of Ministers (1935–36) and Minister of Public Health (1936–37) in the government of Paul Van Zeeland.

In 1933, Vandervelde became the POB's first president but increasingly found his internationalism and reformism challenged by a new generation of Belgian socialists. During the Spanish Civil War, Vandervelde's desire to intervene to halt the growing threat of fascism was challenged by Henri de Man and Paul-Henri Spaak.

His personal papers are held by the Institut Émile Vandervelde in Brussels.

Works

 * Les associations professionelles d'artisans et d'ouvriers en Belgique (1892)
 * L'Evolution industrielle et le collectivisme (1896); English translation, Collectivism and Industrial Evolution (1901)
 * Le question agraire en Belgique (1897)
 * Le Socialisme en Belgique (1898), with Destrée
 * L'Alcoolisme et les conditions de travail en Belgique (1899)
 * Le propriété foncière en Belgique (1900)
 * L'Exode rural et le retour aux champs (1903)
 * Le Socialisme et l'agriculture (1906)
 * Le Belgique et le Congo (1911)
 * Three Aspects of The Russian Revolution (1918) (Archive.org)
 * Le pays d'Israel : un marxiste en Palestine (1929) (sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de)

title: Emile Vandervelde


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Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer

Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer (23 June 1800 in Stuttgart – 25 August 1868 in Berlin) was a German actress, writer, director of the Stadttheater in Zürich for six years, and author of over 100 plays and libretto.

Biography
Charlotte Johanna Birch-Pfeiffer's father was a schoolmate of Schiller, supposedly her father was responsible for saving the manuscript Die Räuber by hiding it in his mattress. When he went blind in 1809, Birch-Pfeiffer read him the classics and by doing so gained a strong literary education. Both father and daughter loved the theater. In 1813 Birch-Pfeiffer's stage debut at the Munich Isarthortheater was supported by the Bavarian King, Max Joseph. From 1818 to 1826 she appeared in Prague, Stuttgart, Kassel, Hannover, Berlin, Dresden, and Hamburg as a member of the Munch Hoftheater playing the lead in tragic roles. In 1825 she married Danish writer and historian, Christian Andreas Birch, the couple begat two children. From 1827 to 1839 Charlotte acted at the Theater an der Wien. From 1837–1842 she worked as the director of the Stadttheater in Zürich. After professionally visiting most of the cities in Germany, in 1844 she accepted an engagement at the royal Berlin Hoftheater, to which she remained attached until her death. Her daughter, Wilhelmine von Hillern, also became an actress and writer.

Lasting influence
On 29 May 2012 Birch-Pfeiffer was honored as the first director of the Zürich theater, where an honorary board was placed for her. On 24 February 2013 at the Theater Stok in Zürich Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer the play was performed about Birch-Pfeiffer's life.

Publications
Charlotte Johanna Birch-Pfeiffer's publications as cited by An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers.
 * Gesammelte Dramatische Werke, 23 Volumes (1863–1880), or the 74 plays collected in these volumes, only two have been translated to English. Twixt Axe & Crown [Elizabeth, Prinzessin von England] (1870) and Jane Eyre, or the Orphan of Lowood (1870)
 * Gesammelte Novellen und Erzäwungen, 3 volumes (1863–1865)
 * Charlotte von Birch-Pfeiffer und Heinrich Laube Im Briefwechsel (1917)
 * Alexander von Weilen (1917)

Her plays
Dramatization of popular novels was her specialty, for which her intimate knowledge of the technical necessities of the stage fitted her. Her plays, adapted and original, fill 23 volumes (Gesammelte dramatische Werke; Leipzig, 1863–1880). Many continued to retain the public favor. Her novels and tales were collected in three volumes (Gesammelte Novellen und Erzählungen; Leipzig, 1863–1865). Among her plays are:
 * Dorf und Stadt (after Berthold Auerbach)
 * Die Frau in Weiss (after Wilkie Collins)
 * Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (after Victor Hugo)
 * Der Goldbauer
 * Die Grille (after George Sand)
 * Die Günstlinge
 * Der Herr Studiosus
 * Hinko
 * Kind des Glücks
 * Steffen Langer aus Glogau oder Der holländische Kamin
 * Der Leiermann und sein Pflegekind
 * Mutter und Sohn
 * Nacht und Morgen (after Edward Bulwer-Lytton)
 * Pfefferrösel
 * Die Waise aus Lowood (after Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre)

title: Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer


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Talk:Dead Man's Party (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
Please help complete the Angel/Buffy episode articles. See what needs to be done on this sub-page of WikiProject Buffy:

WikiProject Buffy/Episodes

Also please help update any major changes made to episode articles on that page so that progress can be mapped.

________________________________________________________

Removing "Quotes"
I'm removing the "quotes" section becuase there is already a more extensive "Quotes and Trivia" section along with the Wikiquote.Snoopydance 18:56, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

A question
Why is there a reference to "Dingoes Ate My Baby" in paragraph 4 of the Expanded overview? "Dingoes Ate My Baby soon arrives at Buffy's house without notice."
 * It's the name of a band on the show. --Nalvage 14:56, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy302.jpg
Image:Buffy302.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 18:45, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Title
The episode title is a reference to an Oingo Boingo song, Dead Man's Party. 76.10.142.82 (talk) 01:59, 8 January 2013 (UTC)


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Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra

The Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra (Borusan İstanbul Filarmoni Orkestrası), also known as the BIPO, is a Turkish orchestra based in Istanbul that was formed by enlarging the Borusan Chamber Orchestra in 1999. It is funded by the Borusan Holding.

History
The Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra was founded as the Borusan Chamber Orchestra in 1993. This initiative by Borusan, a leading Turkish industrial conglomerate, entering into the complex and challenging world of establishing orchestras, was based on its vision of helping to bring polyphonic music to a wider audience of Turkish people. This group rapidly grew in both number of musicians and quality of musical performance, so that it became a symphonic orchestra in 1999. That same year, Maestro Gürer Aykal was appointed as the general music director and permanent conductor of the orchestra.

On 13 May 1999, at the Yıldız Palace Silahhane Building on the European side of Istanbul, the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra performed its first concert and soon began offering concerts on the Anatolian side of the city as well. By the end of 1999, BIFO was performing two concerts per month, one on each side of the Bosphorus, at the Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar Convention and Exhibition Center on the European side and at the Kadiköy People's Education Center on the Asian side, thereby quickly becoming a true city orchestra. This pattern continues until this day, totaling twenty-four concerts per year, with performances on the Anatolian side now being held at the Caddebostan Cultural Center. For the international audience of the Istanbul Festival, the BIFO has become a well known and esteemed musical standard for many years.

BIPO continues to serve as a bridge between the people of Turkey and the European tradition in classical music.

Musical programs and performances
Over the years, the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra has introduced classical music lovers in Istanbul to some of the world's foremost musicians. The orchestra has had the privilege of performing with virtuosos such as Maxim Vengerov, Vadim Gluzman, Dimitris Sgouros, Alexander Rudin, Suna Kan, İdil Biret, Fazıl Say, Ayşegül Sarıca, Meral Güneyman, Ayla Erduran, Verda Erman, Gülsin Onay, Anna Tomowa-Sintow, Olga Kern, Corey Cerovsek and Stanislav Ioudenitch. Celebrated guest conductors, who have led the orchestra include Igor Oistrak, Emil Tabakov, Giuseppe Lanzetta, Fabiano Monica, Alain Paris, and Ender Sakpınar. In addition, BIFO has also been accompanied by the Wiener Singverein, one of the world's leading choirs.

One of the most popular traditions in its short history is Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra's annual "New Year Celebration" concerts. Held in December of every year, these highly anticipated performances are known for bringing cheer and goodwill to Istanbul during the festive season, not to mention positive cultural attention, through the participation of highly regarded local and world-renowned musicians.

The Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra opened the 2007–2008 season in October with a concert conducted by Gürer Aykal, featuring the young Canadian violinist James Ehnes as soloist. Works by Ahmet Adnan Saygun, to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of his birth, and by Sibelius, to honour the fiftieth anniversary of his death, were performed in this concert. The concert in November was conducted by Josep Caballé-Domenech and the guest soloist was pianist Emre Şen. In the New Year Welcoming Concert in December, the orchestra under the baton of Gürer Aykal accompanied soloist Turgay Hilmi in a work written specifically for Alphorn.

The guests of the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra last season included conductor Andreas Schüller, Ferhan and Ferzan Önder piano duo, Ayhan Uştuk, Çağ Erçağ, Özcan Ulucan, John Lill and conductor Sascha Goetzel. In the gala concert, the orchestra hosted the prominent Philharmonia Chorus and performed Dvořák’s Requiem for the first time in Turkey.

In the opening concerts on November 19 and 20, 2008, the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra was conducted by Gürer Aykal, who recently became the Honorary Conductor of the orchestra.

Proms debut and foreign popularity
On 29 July 2014, Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra made its debut at The Proms at the Royal Albert Hall. In this concert BİFO played Mily Balakirev's Islamey, Gustav Holst's Beni Mora, Gabriel Prokofiev's first violin concerto 1914 (BBC commission: world premiere), Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail (only the ouverture), Handel's "The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba", Ottorino Respighi's Belkis, Queen of Sheba and, as an encore, Ulvi Cemal Erkin's Koçekçe.

After the concert especially at the English press the concert got positive reviews. The Telegraph reporter Ivan Hewett wrote that the concert was "superbly rich". The Guardian's Tim Ashley wrote that Sascha Goetzel is more than a conductor, is a total entertainer.

The same day, Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra launched their third CD, Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade by Onyx Classics in Great Britain.

Artistic director and principal conductor
After a year-long selection process in the 2007/2008 season with guest conductors from four different countries, an international jury awarded the musical direction of Turkey's foremost symphony orchestra to Austrian conductor Sascha Goetzel.

Goetzel took over from Gürer Aykal, the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra's music director since the founding of the orchestra, and responsible for its artistic development. One of Sascha Goetzel's principal duties is the preparation of concert tours and guest appearances of the orchestra in the framework of major European music festivals in the coming years. The orchestra had a special role to play in the 2010 Istanbul Festival when Istanbul held the title of European Capital of Culture.

In April 2021 it was announced that Patrick Hahn would become Principal Guest Conductor and Artistic Advisor from the 2021/22 season.

Principal players
The current principal chairs of the orchestra are as follows:

title: Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra


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User:Jody E.B. Wilson

This is simply a placeholder, as am I, to referencene from those whom I reference. In my writings I hope to reclaim a world which was been lost to theghosts of my family. People of note. People of scholarship, the political struggle that singes and burns us to this day. People so mad (Clinically insane) that no one even bothered, in a society where spitting on the sidewalks still a crime in387 counties, in the continental US of course. Basicallsy I'm here to be heard. I;m not a scholar, a novelist, this that, doctor whatever. I'm a fairly nice fellow if you bother. m probably odd even for this crowd. Speaking of which, if I say something that offends, please let me know passive-aggressiveness brings out a bloodthirstyness in me that just won't quit.

Ha! (a'la NBC'S ALF)

Am I of note? I think so. How can you say? Who are you? To be truly honest with myself, not only do I think the notion is foolhardy, i prescribe to it as well. Others I have known with some relative closeness I will speak upon with the necessary passion and intamacy. I myself am on ly thirty, and I have sources who tell me very interesting things that I dont spend too much time on. I am 1 and the only Professional World Champion of Full-contact Waffle Recording (Audio Category). I hope to reach greater heights.

title: User:Jody E.B. Wilson