text:
Brad Fittler

Bradley Scott Fittler (born 5 February 1972), also known by the nickname of "Freddy", is an Australian rugby league commentator, television presenter, and former player.

Fittler captained both New South Wales and Australia, and in 2000 was awarded the Golden Boot. He retired as the most-capped New South Wales State of Origin player and third-most-capped Australian international player. Fittler won two Rugby League World Cups as a team captain; he captained the Kangaroos to victory in both the 1995 and 2000 finals, and was also a member of the victorious 1992 team. In 2008, he was named among the finest rugby league footballers of the first century of rugby league in Australia., and has been inducted into the NSWRL Hall of Fame.

Since retiring from playing, Fittler has also coached the Sydney Roosters in the NRL and New South Wales, with whom he won three State of Origin series.

Early life
Fittler was born in Auburn, New South Wales, Australia. He grew up with his 2 siblings, Nathan and Kathleen Fittler.

He played junior rugby league for a number of clubs in the Parramatta JRL District including, Sadleir Bulldogs, Dayments, Ashcroft Stallions and Mt. Pritchard Community Club (Mounties) before moving to Cambridge Park in the Penrith JRL District. While attending Ashcroft High School, St Dominic's College then later, McCarthy Catholic Senior High School Emu Plains, Fittler played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 1988 and 1989.

Penrith Panthers
Brad Fittler's first grade career started in 1989 at the Penrith Panthers while he was still attending McCarthy Catholic Senior High School in the western suburbs of Sydney.

Fittler played in the centres in Penrith's 18–14 loss to the Canberra Raiders in the 1990 Grand Final and at the end of the season was selected for Australia and went on the 1990 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France. Fittler did not play in a test on the tour, but played in 8 tour games and scored 8 tries.

In 1991, he was part the Panthers' premiership winning-side. Fittler played in the centres as Penrith, under the coaching of Phil Gould won their first ever premiership. At the end of the season, he was selected for the Kangaroos five game tour of Papua New Guinea and made his test debut for Australia, playing at lock in Australia's two test series victory over the Papua New Guinea Kumuls, scoring two tries on debut at the Danny Leahy Oval in Goroka. Fittler played in all five games during the two-week tour and scored 4 tries.

During the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, he helped Australia retain The Ashes. Fittler, like the rest of the Penrith club, endured a tough 1992 season due to the death of his best mate, up-and-coming halfback/hooker Ben Alexander, the younger brother of Penrith captain Greg Alexander. Following Alexander's death in a car accident, Penrith's form dropped off in the second half of the season with the defending premiers finishing out of the finals in 9th place. As a result of Alexander's death which happened between the first and second Ashes tests, Fittler was left out of the second test team by his own request, but returned to the team in the deciding match in Brisbane which Australia won 16–10 to retain The Ashes.

At the end of the 1992 season, Fittler was selected in Australia's World Cup final team to play Great Britain at Wembley Stadium. In front of a then international record attendance of 73,631 the Australians retained the Rugby League World Cup with a hard-fought 10–6 win. During the first half, Fittler suffered a fractured cheekbone after being hit with an elbow from Lions hooker Martin Dermott who had gone into tackle the Australian with his elbow cocked. After being checked by team doctor Nathan Gibbs, Fittler continued playing.

The 1993 NSWRL season again saw the Panthers struggle, finishing 12th with a 7–15 record for the year. Fittler played all three games for NSW in their 2–1 Origin series win over Queensland, before playing in all three mid-year tests against New Zealand with Australia winning the series 2–0 after the first test at the Mount Smart Stadium in Auckland ended in a 14-all draw thanks to a late field goal by stand in Australian captain Laurie Daley.

Penrith improved to a 10–10–2 record and an 8th-place finish in the 1994 NSWRL season, despite the late season walk-out of Phil Gould (who was moving to coach the Sydney City Roosters after falling out with the Penrith club board) who was replaced with Fittler's 1991 premiership teammate Royce Simmons. During the year he was selected at lock for a test against France at Sydney's Parramatta Stadium (won 58–0 by Australia) and at the end of the season he was selected for his second Kangaroo Tour. Fittler played at lock in all four tests against Great Britain (3) and France (1) on the tour, winning man of the match in Australia's 38–8 win in the second test at Old Trafford in Manchester to keep the Ashes series alive. The Kangaroos went on to win the third test 23–4 to retain the Ashes before demolishing France with a world record 74–0 win in Béziers. Fittler played in 12 games on tour (one as a replacement), scoring two tries. He was also named as Man of the Match playing at lock in Australia's non-test international played against Wales in Cardiff, scoring one of his tours two tries in the wet conditions (his only other try would come in the tours 3rd last game in France when he scored against a Catalans Seclection in a 60–16 win at the Stade Gilbert Brutus in Perpignan).

By 1995, Fittler was the world's highest-paid rugby league player, reportedly earning $1.05 million for the season. This was during the period of the Super League war when player payments rose to previously unheard of levels as both the Australian Rugby League (ARL), backed by media billionaire Kerry Packer, and the rebel Super League (SL), backed by News Ltd., signed up players for (in some cases) double or triple their previous contracts. Fittler signed with the Australian Rugby League.

With the ARL refusing to select SL aligned players for representative football, Fittler was given the captaincy of the NSW Origin team for the 1995 State of Origin series against Queensland. Coached by rookie coach Paul Vautin, and with a bunch of untried players thanks to not being able to call upon their usual Origin and test stars (mostly from the SL aligned Brisbane Broncos), Qld were not given any chance of defeating the Blues (who could still call on a number of experienced Origin and test players), but came away with a 3–0 whitewash for their first series win since 1991. However, despite this, Fittler was given the Australian captaincy for the 3-test Trans-Tasman series against New Zealand making him Australia's youngest captain (23) since Reg Gasnier had first captained Australia in 1962. Fittler led the Kangaroos to a 3–0 sweep of the Kiwis, including winning man of the match in the 20–10 second test win at the Sydney Football Stadium.

At the end of the 1995 ARL season, Fittler was an automatic choice to captain Australia in the 1995 Rugby League World Cup. Although the Kangaroos suffered a shock 20–16 loss to England in the opening game of the tournament at Wembley, and had a nervous, 30–20 win over New Zealand in extra-time in the Semi-final in Huddersfield after scores had been locked at 20-all at the end of regulation time, Fittler would lead Australia to its 8th World Cup success (and 5th in a row) with an 18–8 win over England in front of 66,540 fans at Wembley.

Sydney Roosters
In 1996, he joined the Sydney City Roosters where he played nine seasons, captaining them to the 2002 NRL Grand Final victory. Fittler retired as the second most experienced first grader, behind Terry Lamb (349), having played 336 games.

The Rothmans Medal for player of the 1997 ARL Premiership was awarded to Sydney City Roosters captain and five-eighth, Fittler.

He was selected for Kangaroo Tours in 1990, 1994 and 2001 and played in the World Cups of 1992, 1995 and 2000. Fittler was selected for the Australian team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against New Zealand he captained the Kangaroos at lock forward in their 22–20 victory. Early in his career Fittler struggled with discipline problems, but he matured into a fine leader. He captained Australia in 20 Tests, winning 17 and losing 3, and in a further 5 victories in the 2000 World Cup. He also captained NSW in 14 State of Origin matches, winning 8 and losing 6.

In club competition, Fittler captained the Sydney Roosters to the 2000 NRL Grand Final, their first in twenty seasons, a Premiership in 2002 and successive grand final appearances in 2003 and 2004, before retiring at the end of 2004. Having won the 2002 NRL Premiership, the Roosters traveled to England to play the 2003 World Club Challenge against Super League champions, St Helens R.F.C. Fittler captained at five-eighth, scoring a try in Sydney's victory.

Two years after Fittler announced his retirement from representative football, NSW coach Phil Gould brought him back to State of Origin for the second and third game. Both he and Gould were farewelled in the last game at Telstra Stadium after he scored the winning try that sealed the NSW victory.

Fittler remains the youngest NSW State of Origin player (18 years 114 days) and was once the youngest Kangaroo representative (18 years 247 days) until Israel Folau made his debut in late 2007.

As a tribute to Fittler's contribution to the NSW team, the Brad Fittler Medal is named in his honour, awarded to the best NSW player after each series victory by NSW.

Auckland Nines
In February 2014, at 42 years of age, Fittler came out of retirement for a one-off showing at the NRL Auckland Nines. Representing the Sydney Roosters, he made a tackle on prop forward Fui Fui Moi Moi in the loss to the Parramatta Eels, before clipping Ben Barba high in a tackle, and also scoring a 75-metre intercept try off a David Stagg pass in their win over the Brisbane Broncos, his first try in 10 years.

Coaching career
On 9 July 2007, Roosters coach Chris Anderson quit the club, just 48 hours after the team lost 56–0 to the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, their second worst ever loss. Fittler took over the coaching from Round 18, in what was initially for a short term until the end of the 2007 season. The Roosters, who were sitting near the bottom of the competition and struggling with form, turned a corner with Fittler as coach as they went on to post some impressive wins. His first match was against his former mentor, Ricky Stuart coaching the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. The Roosters won the match 23–12. His second match was against the Newcastle Knights and again the team was successful 20–17.

On 27 July 2007, Fittler's coaching career took a massive leap. The Roosters defeated the Melbourne Storm (front runners of the Premiership) 26–16, with the Storm scoring two late consolation tries. Former Roosters coach, Phil Gould remarked after the Melbourne game "I've always had great confidence that "Freddie" would be successful at anything he turned his mind to. If he truly wants to be a coach, he'll be a bloody good one... I think in the end he was drawn to it and, to me, that's a coach. You don't wake up one day and say, 'I want to be a coach'. You are drawn to it. It compels you. I see and hear this in Freddie these days." Melbourne ultimately went on to win the title, which was later stripped due to salary cap breaches.

Following the win over the Storm, the Roosters went up against the New Zealand Warriors, with the match resulting in the first draw since 2005 after a hard-fought golden point period which ended with the score 31–31, keeping Fittler undefeated as coach.

That run was extended against the Wests Tigers on 10 August, with the second golden point game in a row for the club after a late field goal attempt from Braith Anasta hit the crossbar with 15 seconds to go. The game ended in a 26–22 win after Joel Monaghan scored the winning try.

Fittler's undefeated streak as a coach was broken on 19 August 2007 when the Roosters lost 22–18 to the Gold Coast Titans. The following week, in the penultimate round of the regular season, the Roosters lost to the eventual 2007 wooden spooners, the Penrith Panthers, 28–22.

On 21 August 2007, the Sydney Roosters signed Brad Fittler as their full-time Head Coach until the 2010 season.

On 20 June 2009, it was reported in the Townsville Bulletin that, a day earlier, a drunken Fittler had tried to gain access to the wrong hotel room while wearing only shorts. The incident occurred at the Holiday Inn in Townsville at 3am. Fittler consequently fined himself A$10,000 and apologised for his behaviour at a televised press conference.

On 18 July 2009, following an ongoing season of unrelenting disappointment at the Roosters, the media was informed that in 2010 Brad Fittler would not be part of the coaching staff at the Sydney Roosters, reportedly before he was. Indeed, the Roosters took out the 2009 wooden spoon and a clean-out of the club began. He was replaced by Brian Smith.

In 2010 Fittler was linked with a move to the London-based Super League side Harlequins, but this ultimately did not eventuate.

On 24 November 2017, Fittler was announced as the new coach of the New South Wales rugby league team as the replacement for Laurie Daley. and announced a significant change to the Game 1 roster compared to the previous series with the debut of 11 players for the match on 6 June 2018. He ultimately led the side to its first series win since 2014 with an 18–14 victory in the second game. He was again successful the following year as the Blues won consecutive series for the first time since 2004–05.

On 24 June 2020, Fittler had his contract as New South Wales coach extended until the 2021 State of Origin series.

In the 2020 State of Origin series, Fittler coached a highly fancied New South Wales side to a 2–1 defeat against Queensland. Before the series began, some NSW media outlets described the 2020 Queensland team as the worst ever Maroons side in history. In the 2021 State of Origin series, New South Wales bounced back under Fittler to win the series 2-1. New South Wales won the first game 50-6 followed by a 26-0 victory in game 2. Under Fittler, New South Wales would lose the 2022 State of Origin series after game 3 went to a decider in Brisbane which New South Wales lost 22-12. Before the start of the 2023 State of Origin series, Fittler was criticised by the media and fans alike for his team selections before game 1 which included not selecting the in-form Campbell Graham and Dylan Edwards, instead electing to pick the out of form James Tedesco and Tom Trbojevic along with the selection of Tevita Pangai Junior. New South Wales would go on to lose the opening game after leading towards the end of the match. Before game 2, Fittler caused more controversy for his selections including leaving Nicholas Hynes out of the team altogether, instead he elected to pick Mitchell Moses as the replacement for the injury Nathan Cleary. New South Wales would lose game 2 32-6 which gave Queensland the series victory. NSW bounced back to win the dead rubber 24-10. On 28 September 2023, Fittler stepped down from his role as New South Wales head coach. It was reported that NSWRL Chairman Paul Conlon and his board offered Fittler a contract extension but he declined the offer.

Media career
Fittler began his media career by co-hosting NRL Deluxe, a streaming video show that aired on Mondays and Thursdays available via Bigpond TV. A year after his retirement, in 2005, Fittler released his book, Freddy: The Brad Fittler Story. Brad has also starred in two Telstra Next G TV advertisements.

In 2010, Fittler joined the Nine Network. In 2010 and 2011, he was a part of The NRL Footy Show, as a co-host. Also, since 2010, he has co-hosted The Sunday Footy Show program. In 2016, he has a role in The NRL Rookie.

Outside rugby league
In 2000, Fittler was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in rugby league.

In February 2008, Fittler was named in the list of Australia's 100 Greatest Players (1908–2007) which was commissioned by the NRL and ARL to celebrate the code's centenary year in Australia.

Fittler has a longtime partner, Marie Liarris. They have two children.

He also fathered an illegitimate son after a one-night stand in 1995. He has never met the child and only pays child support, deliberately having chosen not to have seen the boy since 1996.

In an article published written by Sandra Lee in The Sunday Telegraph in 2005, Fittler stated that "I just hope that he lives in a stable environment, that's all I can hope for. I was young ... I just dealt with it as best I could. You don't (come) equipped with those sorts of skills. I suppose I did what I thought was best for me at the time. I just made sure I covered all legal angles, what my commitments were. I was in no state at the time. I didn't think I was up to raising kids. I was 23. I would have asked her to think about it maybe from my point of view. Whether that most probably would have been a selfish point of view ... it's just hard when you're never asked, never confronted. I understand it could be hard on the boy, but the mother has to shoulder much of the blame for the way she went about things." In his autobiography, Freddy, The Brad Fittler Story, Fittler says he believes that a financial contribution to raising his boy, who is now nine, is sufficient.

In 2022, inducted into Sport Australia Hall of Fame.

Controversies
In 1999, Fittler was dropped onto the front lawn of a Sydney police station by a taxi driver after a night out. A police source described Fittler as "the drunkest human being ever".

In 2009, Fittler fined himself $10,000 after police were called to Townsville's Holiday Inn after two female guests reported a "creepy man" with a "hairy chest" – wearing only shorts – trying to get into their room. Police arrived at 3.15am to find a "very drunk" Fittler still outside the room.

title: Brad Fittler


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Talk:Line graph

Untitled
Please convert the AASCI Art graphs to images. Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.211.224.201 (talk • contribs) 11:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

hi i dont like it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.230.150.7 (talk • contribs) 20:03, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Why isn't the article isn't complete? Can you put a lot of definitions in it. I THANK YOU!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.177.119.29 (talk • contribs) 06:20, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

you are talking a bout a diffrent line graph than what i want —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.42.157.24 (talk • contribs) 19:20, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * If you could give some examples of the kind of line graphs you were looking for, we might be able to provide some links to information about them. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 20:22, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

This whole article looks busy. Cut short the unnecessary things (just address what is needed). Also remember that we should shoot this for a non-mathematician - that's one of the goals of Wikipedia. Also this article is missing important refs.

You need not have to write evry thing here after addressing the main points. Put the resposnsiblities to references.

--Tangi-tamma (talk) 02:36, 6 April 2008 (UTC) Please do not yell at me.

Reference style
Since this is a math article, I suggest putting the references in the standard mathematical format, e.g., names in first-last order. Since I can't do that with harvtxt, I ask someone who can to fix them. Thank you. Zaslav (talk) 03:59, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Re: "the standard mathematical format" for citations, please supply a reliable source for your assertion that such a thing exists. I don't believe that it does. And in any case, I think we should be aiming for a style that's more consistent across Wikipedia as a whole rather than splitting it up into incompatible fiefdoms. —David Eppstein (talk) 04:43, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The source is reading 95+% of published math, and guidelines like (but not limited to) the AMS book on "Math Into Type" and the format guidelines provided by journals. This is hardly a secret.  Maybe "standard" is ambiguous; change it to "usual".  The rest of what you say is a matter of preference.  I understood the Wikipedia guidelines to suggest following the format usual in each field as a perfectly viable alternative to following the "standard" Wikipedia format.  If you disagree, please provide a source. Zaslav (talk) 18:41, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Not that I think it's worth a lot of work, either way. I simply dislike the "last-first" name format and I claim it's legitimate not to use it in Wikipedia math articles.  If you must change things, it's your lookout. Zaslav (talk) 18:46, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Line graphs of convex polyhedra - wrong?
It says the cuboctahedron is the line graph of both the cube and the octahedron but this seems to contradict the Whitney isomorphism theorem. From some quick doodling I seem to find that the edge graph of the octahedron is a cuboctahedron plus extra edges connecting opposite vertices of the square faces. Gedkins (talk) 20:26, 5 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think you're correct. Will fix. —David Eppstein (talk) 21:09, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

Reconstruction
"A graph G is the line graph of some other graph, if and only if it is possible to find a collection of cliques in G, partitioning the edges of G, such that each vertex of G belongs to at most two of the cliques. In order to do this, it may be necessary for some of the cliques to be single vertices." — This does not make any sense to me. I guess "at most" should read "exactly". This seems to be consistent with the rest of the article and would ensure that the reconstruction procedure (based on such a partition) results in an edge for each vertex of the line graph. The paper by Roussopoulos also uses the term "at most" to characterize line graphs, which is sufficient for characterization, but not the basis for reconstruction, I guess. --Nlskrg (talk) 00:16, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

"By the result of Whitney (1932),[3] if G is not a triangle, there can be only one partition of this type." — I think there may be more than one partition which, however, all lead to isomorphic graphs. --Nlskrg (talk) 00:16, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

The "theta-obrazom"? What?
The article said:

 * Other terms used for the line graph include edge graph, the theta-obrazom, the covering graph, the derivative, the edge-to-vertex dual, the interchange graph, the adjoint, the conjugate, the derived graph, and the representative graph.

And the bizarre term "theta-obrazom" caught my eye. Web searches did not turn up any other uses of this term, except those clearly derived from Wikipedia. (And one by some guy who used it to label a photograph of a fence that he thought resembled a histogram, which he apparently confused with "line graph".) It is conceivably a Russian term; "образ" means "style" or "manner". This might explain the failed web searches. But I suspect a prank.

When I checked the page history, I found that these terms were all added on January 2010 by a single-purpose account,. The terms are cited to:

I do not have Hemminger-Beineke handy, but I was able to check the reference at Balakrishnan; it is sound. However, it does not support "theta-obrazom". So I changed the citation format in the article, and cited each term separately. The four supported by Balakrishnan are now cited to Balakrishnan. If one presumes good faith, the other five can be cited to H-B, and that is what I have done. But this really ought to be checked. —Mark Dominus (talk) 15:53, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

 * This caught my eye, too. Beineke and Wilson's book is now on Google Books and the claim is genuine:

 * "Technically, we should use the name &lqduo;edge graph”, but the name “line graph”, introduced in 1960 by Harary and Norman [23] (who used “lines” instead of “edges”), is now almost universally accepted. It has not always been so: Kotzig [40] called it the “ϑ-obrazom”, Fisher [16] the “covering graph” ..."

 * Since ϑ-obrazom appears to be a very rare term, I've made it the last, rather than first alternative in the list of terms attributed to Beineke and Wilson. Dricherby (talk) 15:47, 18 November 2014 (UTC)

The word "obrazom" ("образом", pronounced OH-bruh-zuhm) is the singular instrumental form of Russian образ (OH-bruhz), which means "image", as in "f(x) is called the image of x". In a sentence "A is called B" in Russian, "B" would be in this exact instrumental declension. Now, the above quote from Beineke and Wilson's book cites Kotzig. According to Wiki, Anton Kotzig was a Slovak-born, Czecho-Slovak-educated, Slovak-Canadian mathematician. Nothing suggests Kotzig spoke Russian. I don't know if "obrazom" is a legit Slovak word, but it could be, judging from the following Czech phrase which I took from a Czech Wikipedia article (Czech is much closer to Slovak than Russian): "Prvek $y=f(x) \in \mathcal{B}$ se nazývá obrazem prvku $x \,\!$" which translates into English roughly as "Element $y=f(x) \in \mathcal{B}$ is called the image of element $x \,\!$" No matter if "theta-obrazom" was transliterated from Slovak or from Russian, the nominative form "obraz" would be most appropriate for use in English. It is possible that Beineke, Hemminger and Wilson, being graph theory experts, knew nothing about declensions in Slavic languages at the time of writing in 1978. 72.139.202.163 (talk) 03:16, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

The algorithm
I think the line about the linear time algorithm could be expanded into a subsection describing the algorithm, and am working on such an expansion, but am temporarily stuck at an unclear point of the paper. Here is what I have so far:

 * showed how to test whether a given graph is a line graph, and if so construct a graph G such that the input is isomorphic to L(G), in linear time. Roussopoulos's algorithm depends on two equivalent characterizations of line graphs described by : their edges can be covered by cliques such that each vertex belongs to exactly two cliques, and they are the claw-free graphs in which every two odd triangles with a shared edge belong to a common clique. Here, a triangle in a graph is said to be odd if there exists a vertex outside the triangle that is adjacent to an odd number of vertices inside the triangle, and even otherwise. An odd triangle in a line graph necessarily represents three edges that share a common endpoint, because the other way of forming a triangle (a triangle in G that translates into a triangle in L(G)) cannot be odd.

 * The first step of Roussopoulos' algorithm is to find a single clique in the clique cover of the supposed line graph input. To do so, the algorithm chooses an arbitrary edge e, and (by testing adjacency of its endpoints to the other vertices) finds all triangles involving e. If there are none, e is the desired clique. If there is only one triangle involving e, and the same property is true of the other two edges of the triangle, then this triangle is the desired clique. In the remaining case, the algorithm has found an edge (either e or one of the other edges of an initial triangle, which subsequently replaces e) that belongs to multiple triangles. [AT THIS POINT THE ALGORITHM COUNTS HOW MANY OF THE TRIANGLES AT e ARE ODD. HOW DOES IT DO IT?]

Will try to come back to this later. —David Eppstein (talk) 19:34, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

Ok, I now have a patch for this hole, but it raises a different question. We can mark every vertex of G as being odd if it is incident to exactly one endpoint of e, and even otherwise. Then a triangle formed by e and v is odd if the neighbors of v include an even vertex, or if they do not include all the odd vertices. Testing for this, for all triangles incident to e, takes time linear in the size of the graph. But now the question: since Roussopoulos doesn't mention this idea, is it original research? —David Eppstein (talk) 20:08, 8 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Resolution of the problem: it doesn't matter. The algorithm of Degiorgi & Simon (1995) (used for the static recognition problem despite being a dynamic algorithm) is much simpler, so that's the one to describe. —David Eppstein (talk) 22:14, 8 November 2013 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Line graph


text:
Algoma District School Board

Algoma District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 2 prior to 1999 ) is a public school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The school board is the school district administrator for the Algoma District.

Blind River

 * Blind River Public School

Bruce Mines

 * Arthur Henderson Public School

Chapleau

 * Chapleau Public School

Desbarats

 * Johnson-Tarbutt Central School

Echo Bay

 * Echo Bay Central Public School
 * Laird Central School

Elliot Lake

 * Central Avenue Public School
 * Esten Park Public School

Goulais River

 * Mountain View Public School

Hornepayne

 * Hornepayne Public School

Iron Bridge

 * Iron Bridge Public School

Richards Landing

 * St. Joseph Island Public School

Sault Ste. Marie

 * Anna McCrea Public School
 * Ben R. McMullin Public School
 * Boréal Public School (French Immersion, JK-8)
 * Eastview Public School
 * F.H. Clergue Public School (French Immersion, JK-3)
 * Grand View Public School
 * Greenwood Public School
 * H.M. Robbins Public School
 * Isabel Fletcher Public School
 * Kiwedin Public School
 * Northern Heights Public School
 * Parkland Public School
 * Pinewood Public School
 * Queen Elizabeth Public School
 * River View Public School
 * R.M.Moore Public School
 * Rosedale Public School (French Immersion, 4–8)
 * Tarentorus Public School
 * Alex Muir Public School (Closed)
 * Aweres Public School (Closed)
 * Bay View Public School (Closed)
 * Étienne Brûlé Public School (Closed)
 * Manitou Park Public School (Closed)
 * William Merrifield Public School (Closed)

Serpent River

 * Rockhaven School

Spanish

 * Spanish Public School (Closed)

Thessalon

 * Thessalon Public School

Wawa

 * Sir James Dunn Public School

Desbarats

 * Central Algoma Intermediate School

Sault Ste. Marie

 * Korah Intermediate School
 * Superior Heights Intermediate School
 * White Pines Intermediate School

Blind River

 * W.C. Eaket Secondary School

Chapleau

 * Chapleau High School

Desbarats

 * Central Algoma Secondary School

Elliot Lake

 * Elliot Lake Secondary School

Hornepayne

 * Hornepayne High School

Sault Ste Marie

 * Korah Collegiate & Vocational School
 * Prince Charles Secondary School (Adult Education)
 * Superior Heights Collegiate & Vocational School (French Immersion, 7-12)
 * White Pines Collegiate & Vocational School
 * Alexander Henry High School (Closed in 2012)
 * Bawating Collegiate and Vocational School (Closed in 2011)
 * Sir James Dunn Collegiate and Vocational School (Closed in 2011)
 * Lakeway Collegiate & Vocational School (as Sault Technical and Commercial High School in 1921 and closed 1987)

Wawa

 * Michipicoten High School

title: Algoma District School Board


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of articles about Scientology

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 04:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

List of articles about Scientology
See Talk:List of articles about Scientology AI 6 July 2005 23:27 (UTC)
 * Keep - The reasoning given for deletion is that it is redundant with the Scientology category - however, the category has only a fraction of the articles. Lists and categories serve different purposes - categories are only navigation, not comprehensive listing of related articles. Plus what happens when you have a category of scientologists, category of significant places in scientology and the category scientology - then you have multiple categories and no way of strong linking between them. This page seems much more comprehensive than the category. I think it has value. -Visorstuff 6 July 2005 23:43 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. Kappa 7 July 2005 00:09 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Lists can go into greater depth than categories. It may seem redundant, but sometimes you want a quick reference, sometimes you want commentary. Haikupoet 7 July 2005 00:18 (UTC)
 * Keep This is the wrong way to go about encouraging a move toward Categories. If you want to program a Categories system that is functionally equivalent and provide a robot to do the conversion, then we can talk.  Otherwise, let the article be and engage in gentle persuasion to move toward categories. Write a tutorial, work the crowds, but be respectful and polite.  Tom Haws July 8, 2005 02:51 (UTC)
 * Delete Any article that talks about other articles are dangerous meta-creations that should be removed anyway. Unless someone wants to take responsibility for transfering the information to the category system this article should be deleted. -- metta, The Sunborn  7 July 2005 01:56 (UTC)
 * Delete - transfer all the information to a category structure if its useful. An An 7 July 2005 02:10 (UTC)
 * Comment When I first made the comment on the talk page, quite some time ago, I wasn't sure what the categories were for. Visorstuff, you say that these kind of pages are for listings, but (after every article is put in the category) won't the category pages themselves work like listings? There is no info on the page, and the headers can be made with sub-categories. Is there something I'm missing, which can't be done with categories?
 * Either way, I don't think it's a good idea to remove these list pages one by one. If it is decided that they are redundant, it should first be proposed to the entire wiki, and then done to all these list pages. --Dyss 7 July 2005 03:38 (UTC)
 * I think list pages have much more merit and can go into great detail - some are very complex and there is no one category that would be able to cover more than 200 list article pages that are on some list pages - that would be impossible to navigate. In addition, many topics need a one-stop-shop for all the articles about them, and categories are too limited. I know of a couple list pages (I'd rather not draw attention to them because of this issue) that cover more than a dozen categories, but all the categories deal with one subject. This is not a new idea - even britanica has a topical guide index, if you will, that is similar, but has a category system as well as a see also system. All three are useful navigation tools and are much needed in my opinion for navigating such a large wiki. -Visorstuff 8 July 2005 00:15 (UTC)

 * Delete as per Sunborn. JamesBurns 7 July 2005 08:21 (UTC)
 * Delete - Create appropriate subcategories under the main category and add them into those. Subcategories link into the main category, linking them together. Skysmith 7 July 2005 09:13 (UTC)
 * Delete — There's no value-add to this list article that couldn't covered more properly on the topic pages or with categories. — RJH 7 July 2005 16:53 (UTC)
 * Either Keep or merge important parts of list with main Scientology articles. A2Kafir 8 July 2005 23:42 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is why we have categories. -- BD2412 talk 15:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This to me should be deleted and turned into a category. Rentastrawberry 23:44, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Vote Summary: Keep: 4 Delete: 6

No consensus reached as of 8 July 2004
 * Delete. Categories were ceated for a reason. --Allen3 talk 23:03, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I will agree that a list article could, potentially, provide something that a category does not. But examining this list, I see nothing it offers that the category doesn't, and it seems that the category is being kept much more up-to-date than the list is.  Barring a really spectacular plan of improvement, I have to vote delete. -- Antaeus Feldspar
 * Merge with Scientology under "See also" section. The number of Scientology articles can confuse those not familiar with the topic, so it would be nice to have them all conveniently listed in one place.  But, as noted above, it is sort of odd to have articles about articles.  I wouldn't worry about the size of the Scientology article because some of the names on the list are already in the "See also" section.  CanadianCaesar 04:31, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Why categories exist. --Calton | Talk 04:33, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete should be covered by categories--nixie 04:40, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle

The SIJORI was established in 1994 between three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, to strengthen economic links in the region and optimise the complementarity between the three countries. It started off as the SIJORI Growth Triangle in 1989, which includes Singapore, Johor (Malaysia), and Riau Archipelago, a part of Riau Islands Province (Indonesia).

History
The SIJORI Growth Triangle is a partnership arrangement between Singapore, Johor (in Malaysia), and Riau Islands (in Indonesia) that combines the competitive strengths of the three areas to make the subregion more attractive to regional and international investors. More specifically, it links the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of Singapore with the natural and labour resources and the abundance of land of Johor and Riau.

The SIJORI Growth Triangle was first publicly announced in 1989 by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. The 'triangle of growth' was envisioned to be a key component of the Singapore regionalisation scheme of the 1980s and 1990s, relocating labour-intensive industries to neighbouring places such as the Malaysian state of Johor (known as the Iskandar Development Region) and the island of Batam in the nearby Indonesian province of Riau (at the time, before splitting off as a part of Riau Islands province in 2004).

As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono.

Statistics
Batam is a tax free export zone rather than a free port, therefore much industry is limited to international exports. Batam has also become an alternate air transport hub as Java's airports are congested. Some 62,000 Singaporeans visited Batam in January 2012, compared with stronger links to Johor, some 70,000 daily.

sources: (Budan Pusat Statistik 2010 Census Indonesia, Statistics Singapore, Statistics Malaysia)
 * Malaysia 2010 Census for Districts.
 * Statistics Indonesia Publikasi Provinsi dan Kabupaten Hasil Sementara SP2010
 * April 2012 Civil Survey for Batam.

For GDP stats, Riau Island's Quarterly GDP output was Rp26.510.648,31 mln (Q1/14, US$2.3 billion or US$9 billion annual) Singapore's Quarterly GDP was 95,959.1 mln (Q1/14, $76.57 billion or US$310 billion annual) and Johor Bahru state was RM24,452 per capita (entire 2012, US$26 billion annual).


text:
List of parenting issues affecting separated parents

This list identifies a range of parenting issues that affecting separated and divorced parents, that is regarding their children:
 * Child custody
 * Joint custody
 * Child support through the Child Support Agency (UK or (Australia or local equivalent) or through a family court
 * Contact (including Visitation)
 * Childrens centre
 * Enforcement of court orders
 * Housing issues
 * Naming the child, change of surname
 * Parenting plan
 * Parental responsibility
 * Passports
 * Religious issues
 * Reporting to third parties (NSPCC, Social Services, etc.)
 * Schools and medical issues
 * Residence in English law
 * Residence versus Contact
 * Shared parenting and shared residency in English law

Critical issues

 * Child abduction
 * Child abuse
 * Legitimacy
 * Parental alienation
 * Paternity


text:
Dubplate

A dubplate is an acetate disc usually of 10 inches diameter, traditionally used by studios to test recordings prior to mastering for the subsequent pressing of a vinyl record, but pioneered by reggae sound systems as a way to play exclusive music. They would later become an important facet of the jungle/drum and bass, UK garage, grime and dubstep music scenes.

History
The first use of dubplates is commonly attributed to sound engineer King Tubby and reggae sound systems such as Lloyd Coxsone and Killamanjaro. Special and one-off versions would be cut to acetate for competing in a sound clash, utilising vocals specially recorded to namecheck the sound system. As such, these would become known as "dubplate specials" often remarking on the prowess of the sound system playing it, in a bid to win the clash.

In the UK, the earliest place to cut reggae dubplates would also be one of the most unlikely. John Hassell and his wife ran a recording studio from their suburban house in Barnes, South West London, but would become key to British sound systems and artists such as Dennis Bovell. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Music House in North London and JTS Studio in East London would become the two most prominent "cutting houses".

Whilst acetates have been used in the music industry for many years, especially in dance music, dubplates would become a particularly important part of the jungle/drum and bass scene throughout the 1990s. This would be followed through its descendants UK garage, grime and dubstep, and cutting houses such as Transition. New music would regularly be composed and recorded onto DAT tape in order for it to be cut onto dubplate, often so that it could be played that weekend (or even that night).

Despite the shift to DJing on digital mediums such as CDJs and DJ controllers, dubplates continue to be used for playing exclusive music and have also gained a specialist market in recent years.

Etymology
According to David Toop, the "dub" in dubplate is an allusion to the dubplate's use in "dubbing" or "doubling" the original version of a track.

title: Dubplate


text:
Decenija

Decenija (English: A Decade) is the eleventh studio album by Serbian singer Ceca. It was released in 2001.

title: Decenija


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/IP mapping

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was deleted as copyvio and recreated as redirect. - Mgm|(talk) 13:23, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

IP mapping
Original research, very probably a copyvio too. (Includes copyright notice.) Delete. — J I P | Talk 11:28, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Copyvio. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 11:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, then redirect to IP address. Radiant_ >|< 12:59, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Gore od ljubavi

Gore od ljubavi (English: Worse Than Love) is the twelfth studio album by Serbian singer Ceca. It was released on 24 May 2004.

Personnel

 * Author: Ljiljana Jorgovanović, Marina Tucaković
 * Art Direction - Orange Studio
 * Art Director - Dejan Milićević
 * Photographer - Nebojša Babić
 * Stylist - Boško Jakovljević
 * Make up Artist - Dragan Vurdelja
 * Hair Stylist - Svetlana Bubanja - Bucka
 * Brand Direction - Raka Marić at Music Star Production
 * Public Relations - Sreten Radović
 * Management - Raka Marić

Music videos

 * Gore od ljubavi
 * Trula višnja

title: Gore od ljubavi


text:
User:Parsa fatehi

Parsa Fatehi personal site and blog

title: User:Parsa fatehi


text:
Jos Vaessen

Jos Vaessen (born 21 March 1944) was president of the football team KRC Genk from 2001 until 2006 and founder of the company Vasco.

title: Jos Vaessen


text:
Talk:AC Milan

Semi-protected edit request on 27 April 2024
They are no longer tied for second most successful in Italy, as Inter now has more Serie A titles than AC Milan. That hasn’t been updated yet 174.73.45.66 (talk) 15:43, 27 April 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅ Sgubaldo (talk) 15:51, 27 April 2024 (UTC)

They also do not share the record of UEFA champions league titles with Real Madrid, which (currently) has 15. They hold the second place. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.135.8.158 (talk) 08:38, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:AC Milan


text:
Ambala

Ambala is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-areas: Ambala Cantonment (also known as Ambala Cantt) and Ambala City, eight kilometres apart, therefore, it is also known as "Twin City." It has a large Indian Army and Indian Air Force presence within its cantonment area. It is located 200 km (124 mi) to the north of New Delhi, India's capital, and has been identified as a counter-magnet city for the National Capital Region to develop as an alternative center of growth to Delhi.

Ambala separates the Ganges river network from the Indus river network and is surrounded by two rivers – Ghaggar and Tangri – to the north and to the south. Due to its geographical location, the Ambala district plays an important role in local tourism, being located 47 km south of Chandigarh, 50 km north of Kurukshetra, 148 km southwest of Shimla, 198 km north of New Delhi and 260 km southeast of Amritsar.

Etymology
The town is said to derive its name from Amba Rajput who supposedly founded it during the 14th century CE. According to another version, it is named after the goddess "Bhawani Amba," whose Temple still exists in Ambala city. The English spelling Umballa has sometimes been used; this spelling was used by Rudyard Kipling in his 1901 novel Kim.

Classical era
Archaeological Surveyor C.J Rodgers found Indo-Parthian Kingdom coins as well as coins of Hunas, Mihirakula and Toramana which indicated that after the disintegration of the Mauryan empire, the area was taken over by Indo-Parthians and later incorporated into the domain of the Hunas.

Late medieval era
In 1709, Battle of Ambala was fought, and Sikhs captured Ambala from Mughals. It was under the rule of Gill Jats from 1748 to 1825. It was also the capital of Nishanwalia Misl. For some time it had been under the rule of Jawahir Singh of Mustafabad, a descendant of Desu Singh Randhawa.

Ambala Army Base
Ambala Army Cantonment was established in 1843 after the British were forced to leave its Karnal Cantonment following the malaria epidemic of 1841–42 in as there were not any known effective means to control malaria epidemic in those days. The cantonment houses the '2 Corps', one of the three Strike Corps of the Indian Army.

Ambala Air Force Base
Ambala Air Force Base is one of the oldest and largest airbases that were inherited from the British by the IAF. It was from this airbase that Spitfires and Harvards flown by Instructors of the Advanced Flying Training School took part in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. Subsequently, Ambala was the front line airfield for many years. It was home to various aircraft that were inducted into the Indian Air Force. Vampires, Ouragans, Hunters, etc. all flew from this base. The airbase was briefly attacked in 1965 by B-57 bombers of the Pakistan Air Force. Today, the Airbase houses the '7 Wing' with squadrons of Jaguars and MiG-21 Bisons. A unit of the French-made Dassault Rafale will also be based at Ambala airbase.

European Cemetery
Ambala Cantonment is the location of historic European Cemetery. It is 200 km north of Delhi and 55 km southwest of Chandigarh.

1857 War Memorial
First War of Independence Memorial or 1857 War Memorial, completed in 2023 at the cost of Rs300 crore in the honour of Indian rebels of 1857 First War of Independence, is spread over 22 acres on NH-44. The war was started at Ambala on 10 May 1857 by the Indian sepoys of 5th & 60th regiments of Bengal Native Infantry stationed at Ambala Cantonment. After the war was over, the execution of Baba Mohar Singh on 5 June 1857 at Ambala Cantonment was the first recorded execution of a captured Indian rebel by the British colonial regime. Ambala rebellion was led by Ananti Mishra, Parmeshwar Pandey, Beni Prasad, Sheikh Faiz Ul-Khan, Bikhan Khan who moved towards Red Fort in Delhi via Bilaspur, Sadhaura, Yamunanagar and Saharanpur. After the war was over, the British authorities burnt the villages of Bilaspur and Sadhaura as punishment for providing aid to the rebels. The 5th & 60th Regiments of the Bengal Native Infantry were also disbanded. The memorial has four sections, an administrative building, second a museum building, third a library and food court, and the fourth is an open air theatre.

Formation of Ambala district
Ambala was given the status of a district in 1847, formed by the merging of the jagir estates of hitherto independent chieftains whose territories had lapsed or had been confiscated by the British Indian Government. In its 160 years of existence as a district, Ambala has witnessed many changes in its boundaries. Previously, it extended across tehsils of Ambala, Chandigarh, Jagadhri, Pipli, Kharar, Ropar and Nalagarh. Kalka-cum-Kurari State, Pinjore, Mani Majra, Kasauli & Sanawar were also merged later into the district at different times.

1857 rebellion
For their participation in first war of independence, the Chaudharys and Lambardars of villages who participated in rebellion were also deprived of their land and property, including 368 people of Hisar and Gurugram were hanged or transported for life, and fine was imposed on the people of Thanesar (Rs 235,000), Ambala (Rs. 253,541) and Rohtak (Rs. 63,000 mostly on Ranghars, Shaikhs and Muslim Kasai).

Hanging of Nathuram Godse
In November 1949, Mahatma Gandhi's assassin Nathuram Godse was hanged at Ambala Central Jail along with Narayan Apte, a co-conspirator.

Demographics
India census, Ambala UA had a population of 207,934 consisting of 112,840 males and 95,094 females, a ratio of 843. There were 20,687 children 0–6 and Ambala had an average literacy rate of 89.31%, with 91.76% of males and 86.41% of females literate.

Cloth Market
The Cloth Market is considered to be the largest textile market in this region. It is located in sector 7, the central part of the city of Ambala. The market is known for catering to wedding related shopping. The most commonly bought items are sarees and silk clothing.

Transport
Ambala is connected to all of the other major cities of north India. It is a big interchange for various commuters for all neighbouring states.

National Highway NH 44 popularly known as GT road earlier known as NH 1 passes through Ambala and connects it to National capital Delhi, Panipat, Ludhiana and Amritsar. NH 152 connects it to state capital Chandigarh, Kaithal. Apart from the Interstate service, Ambala also houses one of the oldest local bus services in Haryana, which is run by both Haryana roadways and private companies. Other means of local transportation include auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws.

Roadways
Bus service is the major means of public transport in this district. Ambala depot came into being on 1 August 1950. The office of the General Manager has situated on the premises of the depot workshop at Ambala City. Ambala depot has a sub depot at Naraingarh.

Presently, Haryana Roadways, Ambala has 200 buses, which carry about 34.88 Lac's passengers daily and cover a distance of about 19000 km daily. Out of these, total distance covered on interstate routes is 24,711 km and 41.469 km are operated within Haryana every day.

New Bus Stand at Ambala Cantt was inaugurated on 12 July 1999 and the total land of bus stand is 6.7 acre. Bus stands in this district exist at Ambala City, Naraingarh and Barara as well. A sub-depot-level workshop has also been provided at Naraingarh. 'Yatri Niwas' exists on the campus of Ambala Cantt. bus stand for the convenience of the commuters who wish to stay for the night.

Besides, the Haryana Roadways buses, the government has issued permits to private operators on local routes. Presently 60 such buses are plying in Ambala district. The bus stand is very near to Ambala Cantt Jn. (Railway station). Most of the buses plying on GT road (NH1) stop in front of the Railway station.

Railways
Ambala is a divisional headquarters of the Northern Railway Zone and is an important railway junction. Ambala Cantt station is among the top 100 booking stations in India. The city is served by three railway stations:
 * Ambala Cantt [UMB] (Junction on Delhi-Kalka line and Moradabad-Ambala line/Ambala-Attari line)
 * Ambala City [UBC] (On Ambala-Attari line)
 * Dhulkot [DKT] (on Delhi-Kalka line)

The Ambala Cantonment railway station was founded on the junction of the Delhi-Kalka and Ludhiana-Saharanpur lines. The historic Delhi-Panipat-Ambala-Kalka railway line dates back to 1889 while the Ludhiana-Saharanpur line was built in 1870. Situated 200 km north of Delhi, this town is well connected by the rail and road network.

Ambala cantt railway station is main station of the city and is well connected with major cities of India. Kalka-Shimla Railway, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, also comes under Ambala division.

Ambala Cantonment railway station serves maximum Shatabdi Express after New Delhi. Ambala railway station was mentioned in the famous story 'The Woman on Platform 8' by Ruskin Bond, although in reality there is no platform 8 in Ambala Cantt.

Education
Ambala has a large number of schools and colleges. Notable colleges are as follows:

 * Convent of Jesus and Mary, Ambala
 * E-Max School of Engineering and Applied Research
 * Government Polytechnic College, Ambala
 * Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana
 * Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur
 * Philadelphia Hospital & School of Nursing, Ambala
 * Sanatan Dharma College (S.D. College)
 * Shri Atmanand Jain Institute of Management and Technology

Notable people

 * Zohrabai Ambalewali
 * Hansraj Behl
 * Urvashi Butalia
 * Simi Chahal
 * Juhi Chawla
 * Parineeti Chopra
 * Swadesh Deepak
 * Navneet Kaur Dhillon
 * Sanjeev Kapoor
 * Manpreet Kaur
 * Nasir Kazmi
 * Sucheta Kripalani
 * Shalabh Kumar
 * Selja Kumari
 * Talib Dehlavi
 * Kim Philby
 * Ash K. Prakash
 * Om Puri
 * Saghar Siddiqui
 * Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
 * Sushma Swaraj
 * Zeba

title: Ambala


text:
Neapoli, Crete

Neapoli (Νεάπολη) is a small town and a former municipality in Lasithi, eastern Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been treated as a municipal unit of Agios Nikolaos. The municipal unit has an area of 130.450 km2. It is located 12 km west from Agios Nikolaos in the green valley of Mirabello. The surrounding area is mountainous and home to a collection of native olive trees. Neapoli is a traditional Cretan town with narrow streets and cobbled roads. The Cathedral of the Virgin Mary (Megali Panagia) is located on the central square.

History
The modern settlement at Neapoli was established during the period of Venetian rule on Crete under the name "New Village". When the seat of Lasithi Prefecture was moved there from Phourni, it was renamed Neapolis (, "New City"). Under Turkish rule, this was calqued into Ottoman Turkish as Yeni Şehir before returning to its Greek name after independence. Agios Nikolaos became the new seat of the prefecture in 1904.

Annual festival
Annually on the 15th of August there is a holy festival dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The main square hosts musicians, traditional dancers, and a market. There are also some sports events including a cycling race around the hills of Lasithi. When it gets dark there is a procession of torches up the mountainside.

Museum of Local History
There is a small museum of local history comprising mostly photographs and postcards of Neapolis.

Local produce
The town is surrounded by olive trees. Olives and olive oil are a very important part of the local agricultural economy. There are also many almond trees. A traditional local product of Neapoli is a drink, made from almonds, called soumada. It is a very sweet almond-flavored, non-alcoholic, soft drink that can also be delicately flavored with flowers (providing variations of the aroma and the flavor).

Local wildlife
Whilst walking around the hills surrounding Neapoli, apart from the usual tortoises, hare, goats, and xylophagidae (known more commonly in Greece as Tzitzikia), one can occasionally see eagles, hummingbirds, and scorpions. The scorpions are usually hiding under rocks.

Notable residents
Antipope Alexander V (also Peter of Candia or Peter Phillarges, c. 1339 – May 3, 1410) was born in Neapoli. He reigned from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope.

title: Neapoli, Crete


text:
Helicopter height–velocity diagram

The FAA states "The height–velocity diagram or H/V curve is a graph charting the safe/unsafe flight profiles relevant to a specific helicopter. As operation outside the safe area of the chart can be fatal in the event of a power or transmission failure it is sometimes referred to as the dead man's curve." The EASA refers to it as the "height/velocity avoid curve".

The H–V curve is a diagram indicating the combinations of height above ground and airspeed that should be avoided due to safety concerns relating to emergency landings. It is dangerous to operate within the shaded regions of the diagram, because it may be impossible for the pilot to complete an emergency autorotation from a starting point within these regions. The H–V curve also contains a take-off profile, indicating how a pilot can start from 0 height and 0 speed, and safely traverse to cruise. At low heights with low airspeed, such as a hover taxi, the pilot can simply cushion the landing with collective by converting rotational inertia into lift. Conversely, a complete power loss, and resultant crash landing, from a three-foot hover taxi at walking pace may be survivable. Multi-engine helicopters capable of flying and hovering on a single engine, don't depict this second region.

As the airspeed increases without an increase in height, there comes a point where the pilot's reaction time would be insufficient to initiate a flare, and prevent a high-speed ground impact. Each increase in height increases the pilot reaction time. This is the reason the bottom right part of the H–V curve has a shallow gradient. If above ideal autorotation speed, a pilot can avoid the deadman's curve by flaring, converting airspeed into height, and increasing rotor RPM through coning.

Likewise, an increase in height without a corresponding increase in airspeed is dangerous, as a crash from this height may not be survivable. Airspeed has to increase beyond the 40–80 knot range, allowing the safe initiation of an autorotation. Thus a safe take-off profile, initiating forward flight from a low hover, involves gaining height as airspeed approaches a safe autorotation speed.

title: Helicopter height–velocity diagram


text: Talk:Projection screen

title: Talk:Projection screen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Especial:Imagelist

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mgm|(talk) 13:25, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

Especial:Imagelist
Transfer from WP:PNT. Physchim62 11:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Tranferred discussion form Pages needing translation into English
 * Looks Spanish to me. --TheParanoidOne 21:37, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed it is, it's some sort of article about ships. Title is compeltely misleading, so I'm thinking it's some sort of silly joke. The sentence structures are all mixed up, but it's an entry about why vessels that can't get certificationsohouldn't get into the sea. I'm passing on translating this one. drini ☎ 28 June 2005 21:28 (UTC)
 * I´ve transwikied this to es:Transwiki:Buques sub-estándar (the sub-title that appears as the first line of the article). The image links are still broken even on Spanish wikipedia and as the article is mostly a discussion of the images (which supposedly illustrate boats in various stages of substandardness), it is left as pretty useless. I suggest we wait a day or two to see what happens on es:, then speedy: otherwise it's straight to VfD. Physchim62 18:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Comment: The transwikied article has survived Spanish RC patrol and been marked as wikify. The article here could be speedied, but I have chosen to list it on VfD as it seems a less clear-cut case. No vote. Physchim62 11:44, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Is has already been transwikied and no one has written a translation in the two week period during which this article has been listed on Pages needing translation into English. I see no reason to keep it in the English wikipedia. Sietse 14:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. --TheParanoidOne 20:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete already transwikid. JamesBurns 04:46, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Svetriselvan

can visit this guy @ http://winrichman.blogspot.com Vetri

title: User talk:Svetriselvan


text:
Talk:Helicopter height–velocity diagram

CopyVio
Portions of this article, but not the complete text, were copyvio'd from http://helicopterflight.net/h_v_curve1.htm. This needs to be corrected. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 11:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:44, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Helicopter height–velocity diagram


text:
Talk:Protests during the EU summit in Gothenburg 2001

Archive 1: July 2005 - November 2006

PL13 and PL11
It would be great if someone, perhaps someone who knows the Swedish law well, could write about the Swedish police law paragraph 11 and 13. This should be of interest both to Swedes and internationals since there are no such laws in other western countries (as far as I know). It also sheds light on events in Gothenburg and on the trials. Of course a more extensive description should be in an article of its own and would be crosslinked to the Gothenburg 2001 since it is one of the foremost events when this law has been used. Nejtan 05:46, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * PL13 says "om någon genom sitt uppträdande stör den allmänna ordningen eller utgör en omedelbar fara för denna, får en polisman, när det är nödvändigt för att ordningen skall kunna upprätthållas, avvisa eller avlägsna honom från visst område eller utrymme. Detsamma gäller om en sådan åtgärd behövs för att en straffbelagd handling skall kunna avvärjas" (translated: "if someone by his behaviour distub the public order or is a danger to it a policeman may, when necessary to uphold the order, reject or remove him from a certain area or space. The same applies if such an order is necessary to be able to avert a punishable action."). // Liftarn (talk)

Strange sources of information
I find it interesting that a film by Moodysson is included as a resource, considering that he is a self-professed socialist who opposed the police and then made revisionist media exonerating the violent demonstrators. The article also lacks any comments or writing regarding what regular people thought of the violent protests. Surveys performed by the news media and television showed near unanymous support for the police. Likewise, aside from a two official links, the rest are to left wing blogs. This article needs to be cleaned up and become far more neutral. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.233.218.201 (talk) 14:41, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

The hole page should be marked for unneutrailty as you can notice, as said in the article above the lack of views, and the small amount of views only coming from the left-wing. Then the text itself has a very clumsy left-wing tint. To a reader not aquinted with the subject it either would make them beleive that Sweden is a police state with a low marking in the international organisations of human rights and democracy. Or it would be obvious to the reader that the text was left-wing and it wouldn't give them anything at all. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dinnemesis (talk • contribs) 11:42, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Redirect
This is a bad article. It makes no sense for the protests to be notable and written up at length when the summit itself has no article. In addition, there is way too much unverified content in here--and this is content that violates NOTNEWS. All of it has been tagged for years and nothing has ever been done about it; I'm moving the content to EU Summit 2001, and will trim it. Drmies (talk) 00:08, 21 June 2016 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Alba

Untitled
Re "the ancient and modern Gaelic name (pronounced Al-a-pah) for Scotland": I believe the name is also Irish. Gaelic refers only to Scottish Gaelic. Laurel Bush 09:57, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC).

 * Please see the Gaelic article. bogdan ʤjuʃkə | Talk 10:37, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

In the Alba article should it be "Gaelic", "Gaelic", "Scottish Gaelic and Irish" or what? Laurel Bush 11:03, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC).

 * Gaelic refers to Scottish, Irish and Manx. As for the merge with "Albion", no thanks. The etymologies are the same, but the histories are quite different.--MacRusgail (talk) 18:37, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * It's an annoying one. In British usage, Gaelic /galɪk/ normally refers to Scots Gaelic; Gaelic /geɪlɪk/ normally to Irish Gaelic but that's commonly called "Irish" only. Manx Gaelic is usually just "Manx". Believe me, I live in the Gaelic "scene" ;)
 * It's definitely Scots Gaelic here; the spelling may be the same but in Scots Gaelic the word is /alˠ̪apə/ whereas in Irish it's /al̪əbə/. Manx is totally different, it has fused the def article and has Nalbin /nalbɪn/. Akerbeltz (talk) 15:41, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Alba and Albion
The article says "hence Albion", suggesting Albion is the derived form. But the aticle on Albion suggests Albion is borrowed from Latin, and Alba is later derived from Albion. Maybe this could be clarified? --Doric Loon (talk) 08:46, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Well spotted. Tell me if this makes more sense now. Akerbeltz (talk) 10:47, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

hmmm! Alba = white white cliffs of Dover are white Dover and it's hinterland route of Roman invasion. Perhaps, sometimes we look too hard for answers to simple questions! 89.243.48.150 (talk) 23:47, 9 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Read the etymology section please. Akerbeltz (talk) 14:08, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

Pronunciation
What is this "English" pronunciation we have at the beginning? This is a Gaelic word, not an English word, so only the Gaelic pronunciation should appear in the head. Of course, if English speakers are regularly pronouncing it wrongly, that could be mentioned briefly further down, but only if it realls is as thing. Until now I would have thought the word was never used in English, but Salmond's new party will change that. --Doric Loon (talk) 09:53, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

Pronunciations will be mostly OR as they naturally depend on one's accent and voice. If this is a significant shibboleth then what's needed is a reliable source and a comprehensible description or recording. IPA won't do as that's gibberish to myself and most readers. Andrew🐉(talk) 10:48, 29 March 2021 (UTC)

 * I’ve added a reliable source (Collins English Dictionary) for both. It gives the IPA for Gaelic and English. Alba is used in English, for example historians use Kingdom of Alba, to refer to Scots’ history in the High Middle Ages (we even have an article on it). IPA is standard throughout Wikipedia.  If you click on the IPA representation of the pronunciation it goes through to a help page that explains it. DeCausa (talk) 16:32, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alba


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Xtreme Pro Wrestling

Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) is an American independent professional wrestling promotion owned by Rob Zicari and operated by Extreme Gifts. The promotion is known for its deathmatch style. From 2000 to 2002, XPW held an annual death match tournament called Baptized in Blood, also known as the King of the Deathmatch Tournament.

Zicari originally ran the promotion out of Los Angeles from 1999 to 2002. He appeared on shows as the on-camera owner under the ring name Rob Black alongside his then-wife Lizzy Borden. The promotion focused on hardcore wrestling and had connections to the Los Angeles porn industry, as Zicari was the real life owner of the Extreme Associates pornographic film production company.

In 2002, Shane Douglas, who previously wrestled for the promotion, returned to XPW as its booker and moved the "All-New XPW" to his home state of Pennsylvania. Credited to the promotional efforts of Douglas and Cody Michaels, XPW's East Coast move was initially successful in cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh before, ultimately, being deemed a failure and contributing to the promotion's closure in 2003. After the promotion became defunct, Big Vision Entertainment held two XPW reunion shows, Cold Day In Hell in May 2008 and XPW X in August 2009. Perros del Mal Producciones held a third XPW reunion show, Perros del Mal vs. XPW: Xtremo y Sangriento, in August 2011.

In 2021, after XPW was featured on Vice's Dark Side of the Ring series, Zicari relaunched the promotion, basing it out of Rochester, New York.

Early years (1999–2002)
Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) was founded in summer 1999 on the West Coast, based primarily in Los Angeles, California. The promotion based its style on hardcore wrestling, featuring many dangerous matches. In addition, XPW kept a major focus on the soap opera aspect of wrestling, as the storylines involved porn stars, alternative lifestyles, profanity, and sadistic violence. The first XPW event was held on July 31, 1999 at the Reseda Country Club. The initial announce team for XPW consisted of Kris Kloss and Larry Rivera, with Kloss doing the play-by-play and Rivera taking on the role as a heel color commentator. Kloss's trademark was screaming expletives or shrieking a high pitched scream when something shocking occurred in a match. Rivera often sided with owner Rob Black, calling him the "Donald Trump of the pro wrestling business", and his trademark announcing consisted of referring to Kloss as "chico", using "chico" in nearly all of his sentences, and occasional wandering into Spanish announcing. In this period, the promotion's main stars were homegrown wrestlers, but many former stars of Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) passed through XPW following the fall of that promotion.

In July 2000, ECW made its West Coast debut, holding its annual summer pay-per-view Heat Wave in Los Angeles, California. Rob Black purchased six front row tickets and sent The Messiah, Kid Kaos, Supreme, Kristi Myst, Homeless Jimmy, and Kris Kloss to attend the show. Prior to the main event, the XPW crew began disrupting the show, which led to a legitimate out-of-character brawl between the XPW contingent and members of the ECW roster, which spilt out into the parking lot of the venue.

Shortly after the ECW incident, XPW had their first-anniversary event, Go Funk Yourself, at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena on July 22, 2000. The main event saw XPW World Heavyweight Champion Sabu defeat Terry Funk. The event was considered by many as a high point for XPW; though it was four more months until XPW put on another event. During the hiatus, an attempt to bring in Atsushi Onita, a pioneer of Japanese deathmatch wrestling, for an exploding ring match failed.

One of the main storylines for most of 2001 concerned the heel stable known as the Black Army. The Black Army was headed by Rob Black, assisted by his wife Lizzy Borden and XPW's top star The Messiah, and feuded with Sabu. Also, throughout most of 2001, another heel stable called the Enterprise emerged and would eventually feud with the Black Army the following year. Originally consisting of former Black Army henchmen Steve Rizzono, motivational speaker TJ Rush, porn star Veronica Caine, and G. Q. Money, the stable became fully formed at the Damage Inc. event when Kid Kaos won the newly created XPW Television Championship and turned his back on his uncle Supreme, aligning himself with the Enterprise. After this surprise heel turn, Kid Kaos dropped the "Kid" from his name and nicknamed himself "The Rock Superstar" Kaos.

For a year, from April 2001 to April 2002, XPW ran events at Los Angeles' Grand Olympic Auditorium. Notable events during this period, included Genocide, which featured a double-ringed WarGames-style cage match and Free Fall, which included the infamous 40-foot scaffold match between Vic Grimes and New Jack. Many marquee names debuted in XPW during these events, such as The Sandman, Vampiro, Konnan, the Insane Clown Posse, and Psicosis.

At XPW's third-anniversary event, Night of Champions in July 2002, Shane Douglas made his return to XPW as the mystery opponent of Johnny Webb, winning the XPW World title. The event also saw the XPW's third King of the Deathmatch Tournament, matches from which got released on home video as Baptized In Blood III. Douglas would work as both an in-ring performer and booker for the promotion; under Douglas' influence, the promotion would move its operations from the West Coast to the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, basing itself at the former ECW Arena.

East Coast invasion and closure (2002–2003)
XPW debuted at the former ECW Arena on August 31, 2002, at the Hostile Takeover event, and Shane Douglas became the promotion's focal point for the rest of the year. Controversy arose when XPW signed an exclusive lease with the ECW Arena, preventing other independent promotions from holding events at the venue. As XPW continued to run on the East Coast, the risqué storylines were quickly phased out, and a majority of XPW's West Coast employees were not a part of the East Coast-based "All-New XPW." The relocation to the East Coast also resulted in more former ECW stars passing through XPW, whether it be on a regular basis or one-night appearances.

XPW would eventually return to their former home of Los Angeles for a few events in early 2003. On March 8, 2003, the promotion held an event in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which had 1,500 people in attendance, mainly due to Pittsburgh being Shane Douglas's hometown. This would be XPW's very last event; there was event scheduled for April 2003 but it was cancelled. Tickets for the April 2003 event were reported to be selling very poorly prior to the event, leading to the event being cancelled, though XPW announced they were canceling the event due to a large storm.

In April 2003, Rob Black and Lizzy Borden were indicted on obscenity charges due to pornographic material produced by XPW's parent company, Extreme Associates. Federal agents in Pittsburgh had purchased the offending material, which depicted scenes of rape, urination, and murder. The trial took a financial toll on Black and Borden, and the two could no longer financially subsidize XPW, with the promotion going out of business. Xtreme Entertainment Group (which would later split into two companies, XEG and Big Vision Entertainment), the company of which former XPW employee Kevin Kleinrock would later become Executive Vice President of, purchased the rights to use the XPW name under license in 2004, through bankruptcy proceedings. Black later stated "If I never got indicted I would have definitely kept the wrestling thing going."

In the summer of 2003, the only pay-per-view (PPV) of the original XPW, The Best of XPW, aired. The PPV featured a compilation of highlights from XPW's past events. In 2006, Big Vision Entertainment founded Wrestling Society X, the de facto successor to XPW.

Reunions (2008, 2009, 2011)
Between 2008 and 2011, three XPW reunion shows were held, two in Los Angeles and a third in Tultitlan, Mexico. The first was Cold Day in Hell, held on May 24, 2008. The event came about when Big Vision Entertainment, the owners of XPW, worked on MTV's Wrestling Society X which featured many XPW alumni. While working on the project, the company came up with the idea to hold an XPW reunion show. The event was produced by Kevin Kleinrock and Kris Kloss. Big Vision Entertainment released Cold Day in Hell on DVD and Blu-ray in January 2009, which included the entire event and its 45-minute pre-show.

A second reunion show, called Ten Year Anniversary Spectacular, was held on August 22, 2009. A third and final XPW reunion show, called Perros del Mal vs. XPW: Xtremo y Sangriento was held on August 20, 2011. The show was a co-promoted event with the Perros del Mal promotion in Tultitlan, Mexico. In the aftermath of Perros del Mal vs. XPW: Xtremo y Sangriento, a promotion called MEXPW, which billed itself as a successor to XPW, was founded by Damián 666 and former XPW producer Mike Hartsfield. MEXPW later changed its name to MEXPRO Wrestling (MPW), this was a result of legal action from Big Vision Entertainment.

Revival (2021–present)
During the summer of 2021, Zicari announced on Instagram and Twitter his plans to relaunch XPW.

The first event of the revived XPW, Rebirth, streamed on FITE TV pay-per-view from the Main Street Armory in Rochester, New York on November 7, 2021. Eight wrestlers competed during the event in a traditional single-elimination tournament for the then-vacated XPW World Heavyweight Championship, which was won by Brian Cage.

XPW's Killifornia event took place at the Derby Room in Pomona, California on April 9, 2022. During the event, sixteen wrestlers competed in Baptized in Blood, XPW's signature deathmatch tournament, for the XPW King of the Deathmatch Championship. The tournament was won by Shlak. Beautiful Disaster took place on June 25 and featured an eight-woman tournament to determine the first holder of the XPW Women's Championship. In the tournament final, Taya Valkyrie defeated Kamille Brickhouse, Ludark Shaitan, and Sage Sin Supreme in a ladder match to win the title.

TV series (2000–2003, 2021–present)
From April 2000 until March 2003, XPW ran a locally televised TV show, simply known as XPW TV. The show original aired on KDOC-TV in Los Angeles, California, but later switched to WBGN-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when the promotion relocated to that city. Following the relocation to Philadelphia, XPW TV would be referred to as XPW Monday Nightmare, with the television series airing on Mondays instead of its original Saturday night timeslot.

In November 2002, Kris Kloss was removed from XPW TV's announcing booth and replaced with former ECW commentator Joey Styles. Styles, however, left the company in December 2002, only spending about one month in the promotion.

In 2009, the first three seasons of XPW TV were released on DVD by Big Vision Entertainment. XPW TV matches have also been extras on several other Big Vision wrestling DVDs, including the DVD releases of Forever Hardcore and Hardcore Homecoming.

The series was revived in 2021 with weekly episodes airing on FITE TV. Following the end of the XPW-FITE partnership in 2022, XPW TV moved to Stream XPW, XPW's own streaming service.

Current champions
As of July 29, 2024

Retired championships

 * XPW World Tag Team Championship (2002–2003, 2009)
 * XPW Television Championship (2001–2003)
 * XPW European Championship (2003–2005)

title: Xtreme Pro Wrestling


text:
Christer Basma

Christer Basma (born 1 August 1972) is a Norwegian former footballer who played as a defender. He played 16 consecutive seasons Tippeligaen, for Kongsvinger, Stabæk and Rosenborg. With 350 top division appearances, Basma has made the eighth-highest number of appearances in Eliteserien. Basma was capped 40 times for Norway. He has later worked as assistant coach of Ranheim.

Club career
Basma started his career with little Røyken og Spikkestad and then played for Bærum but his breakthrough came at Kongsvinger. He moved on to Stabæk, before he finally went to Rosenborg in 1998. With the Trondheim club he won Tippeligaen eight times and he featured in 40 Champions League games. His last game for Rosenborg BK on 27 January 2008 in the 4-0 loss against Valencia in the 2007–08 UEFA Cup, before his retired in January 2009.

After 16 consecutive season in Tippeligaen and 350 matches, Basma is the player with the fourth most matches in the Norwegian top-flight, only surpassed by Roar Strand, Daniel Berg Hestad and Morten Berre.

In 2010, while coaching Ranheim, he appeared on the field as defender, first in the Norwegian Cup against Kristiansund BK, and also in the First Division against Mjøndalen and Sandnes Ulf.

Basma played for the amateur side Mosvik IL in the 6. Divisjon in 2013, where he was teammate with the cross-country skier Petter Northug.

International career
Basma made his debut for Norway in a November 1995 friendly match against Trinidad and Tobago and earned a total of 40 caps, scoring no goals. His last international match was a January 2005 friendly match against Bahrain.

Coaching career
During the 2010 season he was assistant coach of Ranheim in the First Division, in a coaching team including Per Joar Hansen and Otto Ulseth.

Honours
Rosenborg
 * Norwegian top division: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006
 * Norwegian Cup: 1999, 2003

title: Christer Basma


text:
User talk:Fleet Admiral Cook

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title: User talk:Fleet Admiral Cook


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User:Soobrosa

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title: User:Soobrosa


text:
User talk:Sargeras~enwiki

Welcome
Glad to see you register :)

If you hadn't already, have a look at the Welcome, newcomers page. If you have any questions related to Wikipedia form (rather than content), please feel free to ask me. --Joy [shallot]   11:44, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Braudel & Ragusa
I can't quickly summarize Braudel with reference to Ragusa: his book is a 2-volume monster that argues that the decline of the Mediterranean relative to the north should be dated at least a century later than historians before his time dated it. If covers everything from sailing times from Gibraltar to Istanbul to the diet of the Venetians in the 16th century. He was the founder of the Annales school of historians, if that means anything to you.

I read this some 15 years ago, and it's a dense book. I don't have everything at my fingertips, but if there is something in particular you want looked up, there is a fair chance I can find it.

Anyway, what particular dispute are you alluding to? If it's just the matter of whether the republic should be called the Ragusan Republic or the Dubrovnik Republic, I think there is no question that it should be the former. In the period where the Republic was at its height, the ruling elite did the business of government in Italian, even though most of them were, like the rest of the population, Slavs. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:30, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Braudel would have little to say about whether Ragusa should be thought of as "Croatian" or "Serbian": he is mainly concerned about its 16th-century relations with Venice, and in that context the "Croatian" vs. "Serbian" distinction is irrelevant. I frankly doubt that at that period this line was drawn anywhere near as clearly as it is at this moment. Clearly, geographically, Dubrovnik is in present-day Croatia. It would probably be possible (though perhaps not trivial) to determine whether the city was mainly Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox at that time (I'd guess the former, but I don't know). Is there really any other sense in which one could project back the modern national concepts of Croat and Serb to that date and still be talking about something meaningful? We certainly cannot trace the slight linguistic differences back that far. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:13, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

would suggest that the city was overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. Unless someone has a basis to challenge that, it would seem to settle the matter: I don't think it would be reasonable to claim that it was a city of Roman Catholic Serbs, do you?

Feel free to transfer my comments to wherever this is being argued out; I request that if you copy my comments, please either copy all of them or point to this talk page so people can read the full text for themselves. Thanks. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:20, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

pong
If you wish to check up on me, please leave a message at User talk:Joy, preferably by creating a new section (click on the little plus sign next to 'edit this page'). This works for all other users, too.

I've been somewhat busy in real life, but I do still indend to continue our discussion at Talk:Croatia, of course. I'd also appreciate if you could make smaller paragraphs, because thousand-word paragraphs make my head hurt :)

Cheers --Joy [shallot]   00:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

I sympathise with your dismay at the amount of things that need trivial correcting. If you look at the history of the Habsburg article, you will notice that previously we didn't even have proper ordinal numbers for each of their kinghoods - whereas they differed a lot. It's a work in progress, I guess.

The stuff about "socialist" and "communist" adjectives for states is a matter of English language style. Over here we would not hesitate to brand the Yugoslav system as "socijalizam" and be a bit more wary of using "komunizam", but socialism and communism have a slightly different undertone in English so it's a problem for non-native speakers. I'm Shallot, BTW, that was my old nickname here :) We discussed the issue later at some other discussion page, I'll see if I can tie up the loose ends.

I'm not certain about the number of victims of NDH any more than anyone else is, but it seems to me that the numbers presented by Vladimir Žerjavić (and Bogoljub Kočović) have the most merit. They are fairly elaborated and don't contradict with the latest findings. I won't paste them all here, you can read it at the article. I have had to mediate this issue in the past, and I think that the discussion on the articles Ustaše as well as Vladimir Žerjavić should be reasonably informative. I've also added much text to the discussion pages of those articles, I suggest you have a look, there was much argument about this. --Joy [shallot]   12:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

I didn't follow up on the issue at the history of Bulgaria immediately, sorry - I've fixed it now, you're correct.

As for the victim count, like I said above, it's hard to be certain or to give any range that would be definitive. It's particularly impossible for poor old me to give you an estimate that would mean anything in the numerical sense. It's probably going to be impossible to narrow the number down to the hundreds, or have all the victims on an accurate list, but the eighty thousand already listed are horrendous enough. You don't need exact maths to feel humbled by the amount of lunacy and suffering that went on there... --Joy [shallot]   21:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Grrrr, some Tesla and Nikola users keep changing exerithing to complete nonsense, are they blocked already by someone?

Where is this? I don't understand what you're talking about. --Joy [shallot]

I was on vacation for a couple of weeks, and I've responded at Talk:Croatia finally :)

I think that as the president of Croatia in 1989 could not do much to halt the war, the propaganda was well under way at the time. You'd have to go back to 1980 and start working from there. Even better - go back to 1945 and prevent the anti-nationalist policy from ever happenning - because it was creating a bubble that only waited to burst. It would have taken a concentrated and wise effort from influential people to stop the war... we will never know if it would have worked. --Joy [shallot]   21:32, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

New replies

 * My dear friend Joy-shallot, I had noticed that someone has re-arranged the info in the Croatia article, percisly not to include the Serbian history (twice Dubrovnik) as it says that it was originally Byzantine (Roman) and Venetian. Between those two stood ", Serbian" before as it became a part of Duklja before Venetia.

During which time was it part of Duklja? I can't say I recall which exact period you are talking about. It's important because the Duklja before Stefan Nemanja was not actually very Serbian, saying it like that would be a distortion of another kind. --Joy [shallot]   11:56, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I scrolled across the Croatian Dubrovnik-concerning websites, and I noticed that not only the Serbian perios is completly missing, but they mentioned tw times in the history when Dubrovnik was frontiering a Croatian state (besides the fact that it was engulphed by a Serbian nearly all the time).

You can always find web sites that talk crap... I had intentionally added "The Republic of Dubrovnik was independent" in that later section of the summary at Croatia and with that phrasing because I don't see much relevance of its in the earlier Middle Ages, and I don't feel a need to rant "ancient Croatian city!" or whatever else. --Joy [shallot]

 * I don't mind it, I got very much used to being discriminated just for being an Orthodox, as I spent the last three weeks in Croatia. I can't tell you in short notice my experiences, but I asure you, you won't like them. Everywhere where I turned I saw only hatred, further destruction and etc.

Must be tough. You were in Karlovac or somewhere on the countryside? --Joy [shallot]

 * history of Croatia ... at several other cases it keeps forcing the reader to understand that Serbs are evil.

Where? I don't get it. You have to quote me something more exact.

That sentence about civilian population fleeing is as neutral as possible - you don't want to know the stuff I tend to revert from random anonymous editors in Croatian dialup blocks.

I think your confusion stems from the fact that this describes the war in 1990 and 1991, during the formation of RSK.

The later period is explained later. I think this just needs to be spelled out.

 * I also noticed it says that Alexander was assassinated by radical groups (evading to mention the Ustaša and VMRO separatist movements)

Well, I was going to keep that edit, but the historical link has not actually been proven. We know that this Vlada Georgiev was a Macedonian and I think that he was established as a member of VMRO, but everything else seems to be interpolation. I haven't seen a single clear record, even a clear indication, that the Ustaše plotted it together with VMRO.

 * P. S. I discovered that the Bosnian and Frontier Serbs were generally called Četniks and Croats Ustašas; that is the reason why I referred to "Ustasha war plans".

That's war-time terminology, sadly, yes. I don't think saying "the Serbs" or "the Croats" is much better, but the former is even more irritating so we better avoid it.

 * And I would like a mention of Croatia's gigantic refugee problem in it's article (if that is even possible).

You have a point there, I'll see if I can add something.

As far as calling it gigantic, I don't think that's accurate, because many of the refugees have waived their status as such - there were only about 14,000 house reparation demands registered with the government at the peak, which would imply that a large part of those 140,000 Croatian Serbs in Serbia never filled out the forms. Well, either that or all families had ten members, which is impossible.

So while one could blame the Croatian government for governing badly and not having all of its citizens live there, you have to take into account that a lot of people, both Serbs and Croats and people from/with mixed marriages, simply emigrated for good and they wouldn't have been happy with any post-Yugoslav situation. And some refugees actually found a life for themselves where they are now and don't intend to return because of their economic or political convictions. --Joy [shallot]

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sargeras. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sargeras~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:36, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sargeras~enwiki