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Interface Builder

Interface Builder is a software development application for Apple's macOS operating system. It is part of Xcode (formerly Project Builder), the Apple Developer developer's toolset. Interface Builder allows Cocoa and Carbon developers to create interfaces for applications using a graphical user interface. The resulting interface is stored as a .nib file, short for NeXT Interface Builder, or more recently, as an XML-based .xib file.

Interface Builder is descended from the NeXTSTEP development software of the same name. A version of Interface Builder is also used in the development of OpenStep software, and a very similar tool called Gorm exists for GNUstep. On March 27, 2008, a specialized iPhone version of Interface Builder allowing interface construction for iPhone applications was released with the iPhone SDK Beta 2.

Interface Builder was intentionally developed as a separate application, to allow interaction designers to design interfaces without having to use a code-oriented IDE, but as of Xcode 4, Apple has integrated its functionality directly into Xcode.

History
Originally the software was called SOS Interface, and was created by Jean-Marie Hullot whilst he was a researcher at Inria at Rocquencourt near Paris. He was allowed to retain ownership of the software upon resigning from Inria, and spent a year working it into a fully-featured product, now named Interface Builder and distributed for Macintosh by ExperTelligence in the USA in 1986. It was written in Lisp (for the ExperLisp product by ExperTelligence) and deeply integrated with the Macintosh Toolbox. Interface Builder was presented at MacWorld Expo in San Francisco in January 1987.

Denison Bollay took Jean-Marie Hullot to NeXT after MacWorld Expo to demonstrate it to Steve Jobs. Jobs recognized its value, and started incorporating it into NeXTSTEP, and by 1988 it was part of NeXTSTEP 0.8. It was the first commercial application that allowed interface objects, such as buttons, menus, and windows, to be placed in an interface using a mouse.

One notable early use of Interface Builder was the development of the first web browser, WorldWideWeb by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, made using a NeXT workstation.

Design
Interface Builder provides palettes, or collections, of user interface objects to an Objective-C or Swift developer. These user interface objects contain items like text fields, data tables, sliders, and pop-up menus. Interface Builder's palettes are completely extensible, meaning any developer can develop new objects and add palettes to Interface Builder.

To build an interface, a developer simply drags interface objects from the palette onto a window or menu. Actions (messages) which the objects can emit are connected to targets in the application's code and outlets (pointers) declared in the application's code are connected to specific objects. In this way all initialization is done before runtime, both improving performance and streamlining the development process. When Interface Builder was a standalone application, interface designers could ship nib files to developers, who would then drop them into their projects.

Interface Builder saves an application's interface as a bundle that contains the interface objects and relationships used in the application. These objects are archived (a process also known as serialization or marshalling in other contexts) into either an XML file or a NeXT-style property list file with a .nib extension. Upon running an application, the proper NIB objects are unarchived, connected into the binary of their owning application, and awakened. Unlike almost all other GUI designer systems which generate code to construct the UI (notable exceptions being Glade, Embarcadero Technologies's Delphi and C++Builder, which stream UI objects similarly), NIBs are often referred to as freeze dried because they contain the archived objects themselves, ready to run. As of Interface Builder version 3, a new file format (with extension .xib) has been added, which is functionally identical to .nib, except it is stored in a flat file, making it more suitable for storage in revision control systems and processing by tools such as diff.

title: Interface Builder


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User talk:Voidmazun

Voidmazun (as known as Void_mazun, Void/Mazun, Alexander Zhernoff, Vmz).

Very creative and mostly wonderful young man. Сitizen of Russian Federation. If you know Russian you can find its remarkable ideas on his lj. As the writer it writes "the story about outstanding people", as the artist he draws impressionaire in MS Paint.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! BMIComp (talk) 07:50, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Voidmazun may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects. -- BMIComp (talk) 07:50, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Voidmazun


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Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Australia

The Archbishop of Australia is the Representative of the Ecumenical Patriarchate for the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, a jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Church under the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Eastern Orthodox Christian religion. The position was most recently held by Archbishop Stylianos.

List of Ecumenical Patriarchate Greek Orthodox Archbishops of Australia:
 * Ezekiel Tsoukalas of Nazianzos (1 September 1959 – August 1974)
 * Stylianos Harkianakis (26 April 1975 – 25 March 2019)
 * Makarios Griniezakis – 29 June 2019

History
On 1 September 1959, the 'Metropolis of Australia and New Zealand' was elevated to Archdiocese and Metropolitan Ezekiel was elevated to Archbishop. In August 1974, the Ecumenical Patriarchate promoted Archbishop Ezekiel to the Metropolis of Pisidia.

On 3 February 1975, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate unanimously elected Metropolitan of Miletoupolis Stylianos Harkianakis, lecturer at the University of Thessaloniki, as the new Archbishop of Australia. He arrived in Sydney on 15 April 1975 and was officially enthroned on Lazarus Saturday on 26 April 1975.

title: Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Australia


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Humanitarian daily ration

Humanitarian daily rations (HDRs, "humrats") are food rations manufactured in the United States intended to be supplied to civilians and other non-military personnel in humanitarian crises. Each is intended to serve as a single person's full daily food supply, and contains somewhat over 2200 Cal. They have shelf-lives of about 3 years, and their contents are designed to be acceptable to a variety of religious and ethnic groups. The meals cost approximately one-fifth of the cost of a Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE), or US$4.70 in 2012. The rations were first used in Bosnia in 1993 as part of Operation Provide Promise.

The meals are designed to be able to survive being air-dropped without a parachute. This is safer for refugees than parachuting large pallets of rations, as well as preventing meal hoarding by those able to seize a single, large delivery.

HDRs are made available through organizations such as The Salvation Army to aid victims of poverty in the United States, and were distributed during Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita to victims of the disasters by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Background
Before HDR was made available, the United States provided military Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MREs) to famine victims. Aid agencies complained that the MREs were too high in protein, indigestible, and violated religious taboos. In some cases, famine victims went into shock (see refeeding syndrome) after eating large MRE meals. By the time of the creation of HDR, the Department of Defense had almost depleted its stock of MREs in the post-Gulf War period, having distributed 53 million MREs between 1990 and 1993. The end of the Cold War caused reductions in military funding, prompting the DoD to rethink its approach on aid. Furthermore, MRE producers found the profit in producing MRE "marginal" and wanted to expand to foreign and civilian markets. The HDR provided a solution to all these problems: it is safe to provide to famine victims, cheap enough to distribute broadly, and provides a large potential market to contractors.

Packaging and distribution
The HDR packages are delivered in cases of packages. Each contains a small selection of food items based on predetermined menus, and an accessory pack containing red pepper, pepper, salt, sugar, spoon, matches, an alcohol-free moist towelette, and a napkin.

HDRs are typically air-dropped into the disaster area on large pallets. From the time they were created and used in 1993 until November 2001, HDRs were packaged with a bright yellow outer plastic covering. This choice of color proved to be problematic in areas of the world where cluster bombs were being used, as the bombs were the same shade of yellow. Recipients of the rations sometimes confused the ration package for undetonated cluster bombs, often spotting the bright color from a distance and making an incorrect assumption. This prompted the United States Federal Government to reissue the packages with a deep salmon pink outer covering to distinguish them from the bombs. This color has been used in the HDR manufacturing process ever since. Later packages were covered in salmon colored foil.

HDRs produced by the United States are manufactured by the same companies that produce MREs designed for the United States Armed Forces. Like MREs, the food components are designed so they can be consumed without requiring additional preparation, including cooking. They do not include flameless ration heaters, which are found in MREs.

Typical contents

There are five menus of HDR. Each menu contains three sub-menus, printed as list-of-content A, B, and C on the packet. Each HDR packet randomly contains two of the sub-menus.

 * Main entrée, two of:
 * Lentil or barley stew
 * Yellow or herb rice
 * Red beans and rice
 * Beans and rice with tomato sauce
 * Peas in tomato sauce
 * Beans with potatoes
 * Shortbread
 * Fig bar
 * Vegetable crackers
 * Peanut butter (replaced by sunflower butter as of 2021)
 * Strawberry jam
 * Fruit pastry (much like a Pop-tart)
 * Accessory Pack containing:
 * Book of matches (unprinted)
 * Salt, pepper, and sugar packets
 * Packet of crushed red pepper
 * Moist towelette (alcohol-free)
 * Paper napkin
 * Plastic spoon

Deployments
In Bosnia, 1993, HDRs saw its first use in Operation Provide Promise, which delivered "hundreds of thousands of HDR's". By 2003, at least 12.4 million HDRs had been distributed.

United States program in Afghanistan
On October 15, 2001, the United States announced a humanitarian daily ration for Afghanistan.

On October 24, 2001, Rear Admiral John Stufflebeem announced fears that the Taliban planned to poison American food aid. Stufflebeem also said that since the program started on October 7, 2001 the United States had dropped 785,000 rations.

title: Humanitarian daily ration


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Talk:Three godheads (Ayyavazhi)

This article isn't really doing anything, and has no room for expansion. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 07:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps, Mel This three Godhead concept is really the same as Trimurti concept in Hinduism, which is an accepted tenet in Smartism. we can put a brief note about this in mythology. we should ask steve, sam spade, and vaikunda raja about it.

Raj2004 02:57, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * True, and perhaps trimurti is a better place to merge it. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:17, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

We should check w vaikunda raja, but I agree w merging w trimurti. ¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸¸,ø¤º°`°º¤ø,¸ 22:03, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * My opinion would depend upon how independent the Ayyavazhi faith is from the Hindu faith. It appears that the gods of Ayyavazhi come from Narayana (Vishnu) similar to other Hindu-based religions.  I agree with the merge.  Steven McCrary 16:20, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Steve, ayyavazhi, from their web sites as well as Vaikunda raja's comments, like smartism, believe that Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva are different aspects of the same God. This was written in the article, Ayyavazhi and Hinduism. In philosophy, they are very similar to Smartism

Raj2004 21:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

This is what Vaikunda Raja said: " I agree for the merge partially, because according to Hinduism three of the Trimurti have the same power and they do their own works of creating, Maintaining, and destroying. But in Ayyavazhi right from the dawn of Kaliyan all the powers of Sivan and Nathan were handed over to Thirumal and they started performing Austirity for the Dawn of Dharma Yukam. By this, Akilam indirectly states that in this present Kali Yukam Thirumal was all in all, but Hinduism remains saying that each of trimurti were performing their own works of creating, Maintaining, and destroying. This is the difference and I suggest that while merging great care should be taken regarding it. Also I suggest that while merging it is better to create a sub-heading inside the article Trimurti, on the way by which Ayyavazhi view them especially, Thirumal.Thank you. - Vaikunda Raja

But it does raise some confusion. I sent him a message that the ayya vazhi web sites all state the Trimurti concept so there is no difference as far as I know.

This is what I wrote: for your Trimurti comment, I think your comment might add some confusion. according to the ayyavazhi web sites, sri vaikundar preached that the aspects of God are the same, and the fact that Sivan and Nathan gave the powers to Vishnu does not mean that Vishnu is all in One. So I think the Trimurti concept in smartism is the same as ayyavazhi.

see for example, "Worship of one God "Even to pundits, what to speak of common people, it is very difficult to grasp the different manifestations of the almighty God. Today, we see these pundits discriminate between one God and another. Lord Vaikuntar preached that Brahma, Vishnu and Siva are one and the same God. He asked the people to wear a turban on their heads and wear a long dhoti while worshipping. He preached against praying to the manifestations such as demi-gods and other devatas who are mostly worshipped by the people for material boons and favours. He strongly advised worshiping the one and only God and nothing else. He also asked the people to worship God five times a day." from http://www.ayyavaigundar.org/avatar.htm#12

Raj2004 23:32, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

I discussed with Vaikunda Raja: He said, "Like Smartism Ayyavazhi also says that three god heads were the different forms of a same God. " This will clarify.

Raj2004 09:34, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Merge
I've merged the three stubs with this this article; it might still belong in Trimurti, but at least it's more substantial for now. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:04, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Merging to Trimurthi
I think it is better to merge it to trimurthi rather than Ayyavazhi mythology. And I suggest to create a seperate heading inside to state the view of Ayyavazhi about them, especially Thirumal. - Vaikunda Raja

 * To my understanding of what Vaikunda Raja is saying, the three Godheads, Sivan-Nathan-Thirumal, are different from the trinity in Ayya Vaikudar (Muthukutty's body; Sampooranathevan, who ascended to the Ultimate Soul; and the spirit of Narayana). Despite the oneness emphasis, the manner in which manifestations of God are presented seems to me to indicate that these manifestations have their own importance, despite their oneness (am I making any sense?). Maybe the creation of an article as follows would serve this project:
 * Title: "The Godhead in Ayyavazhi"
 * 1. Ayyavazhi-A monothestic faith
 * 2. The Triune Godhead
 * 2a. Sivan
 * 2b. Nathan
 * 2c. Thirumal
 * 3. Devas, Yamas, Ultimate Soul, and such
 * 4. The incarnation of God in Ayya Vaikundar
 * 4a. Muthukutty's body;
 * 4b. Sampooranathevan, who ascended to the Ultimate Soul; and
 * 4c. The Spirit of Narayana.

 * It seems to me that the articles on Ayyavazhi must rectify the confusion between the many manifestations of God and the unity of God, and doing it on one page seems better to me than on separate pages. So, I am in favor of a merge, as I suggested above.  Anyway, my $0.02. Steven McCrary 05:49, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Steve, to compare with Advaita, Ekam is Nirguna Brahman. The various forms of God, Saguna Brahman, is akin to Trimurti

I think that's what I had concluded after talking with Vaikunda.

Raj2004 01:00, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Ayyavazhi God Heads
Here the Image shows the system of God Heads in Ayyavazhi.The 'Ekam' (Ultimate Oneness) represents the Ultimate Soul. The 'Imm' represents, on one hand 'a voice', on the other hand 'a holy spirit'. The 'Satthu' represents the Creative force. The 'Sivam' represents, on one hand 'the whole Mass' exists, and on the other hand the 'Positive creative Force'.The 'Sakthi' represents on one hand 'the whole Energy' exists, and on the other hand 'Negative Creative Force'. The Natham represents 'a Voice'. Then the sky and Earth, and so on - வைகுண்ட ராஜா.

title: Talk:Three godheads (Ayyavazhi)


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File:Internationalist powderfinger.jpg

Fair use in Internationalist (album)
Though — Dihydrogen Monoxide (Review) 02:14, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way.
 * 3) Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Powderfinger.

title: File:Internationalist powderfinger.jpg


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Silewe Nazarata

Silewe Nazarate is the name of moon goddess of Nias Island, Indonesia. She is the symbolic of life in the universe. The god Lowalangi is her husband. She is compared with Hera of Greek mythology and her husband the powerful god Zeus.

title: Silewe Nazarata


text: File:Double Allergic.jpg

title: File:Double Allergic.jpg


text:
Tompkins Table

The Tompkins Table is an annual ranking that lists the Colleges of the University of Cambridge in order of their undergraduate students' performances in that year's examinations. Two colleges—Darwin and Clare Hall—do not have undergraduate students and do not feature in the list. It was created in 1981 by Peter Tompkins, then a third-year undergraduate mathematics student at Trinity College, who compiled it for many years. It was formerly published by The Independent. Since 2016, it has been published by Varsity, a student newspaper of the University of Cambridge. It is not an official University of Cambridge table. It does not take account of students who are not candidates for Honours degrees, or those who have failed to gain a degree. It was not published in 2020 or 2021 as a result of the restrictions to the examination process brought about as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Current rankings
Initially, it only included final year exams but since 1997 has covered all exams for which grades are allocated. The table allocates 5 points for a First Class degree, 3 points for an Upper Second (known also as a 2.i), 2.5 points for a Second Undivided (A second class degree that isn't divided into Upper or Lower), 2 points for a Lower Second (a 2.ii), 1 point for a Third and no points for someone only granted an allowance towards an Ordinary Degree. The scores in each subject are then weighted to a common average, to avoid the bias towards colleges with higher proportions of students entered for subjects which receive higher average grades. The result is expressed as a percentage of the total number of points available. The differences between the highest places on the table are usually very slight. Christ's College was the top college in 2019, after coming top in 2018 following seven years in which Trinity College came top. The rankings are not officially endorsed by the University. Since Darwin College and Clare Hall admit only graduate students, they do not feature in this undergraduate ranking. Some of the mature colleges, including St. Edmund's College, Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish College, and Wolfson College, tend to perform relatively poorly in the Tompkins Table, but have significantly more graduate students than undergraduate students, so the results here are not representative of the majority of the student population of each of these colleges.

Below is the table for 2022:

Baxter tables
Certain Colleges of the University of Cambridge commission similar tables called Baxter Tables from Martin Baxter who is a financial analyst specialising in mathematical modelling and who developed the Electoral Calculus website. Baxter tables rank colleges' undergraduate students by their year and subject separately and are delivered in July or August. They are compiled using published Class Lists, which do not include students who are not candidates for Honours degrees, or those who have failed to gain a degree, or those whose names the Council have determined should be withheld from public display. They are meant for internal use of Colleges but not the University, being distributed to the Senior Tutors of the Colleges, with the full tables not being published publicly or outside of the Colleges, and some students being unaware of their existence. However, the rankings of Colleges in the Baxter Tables are sometimes referred to by Colleges in publicly available literature, and the methodology used to compile the Baxter Tables is also available. There is also a 'value-added' table, which shows how students' results improve over the course of their years at Cambridge, and is intended to give a measure or indication of the quality of teaching at the different Colleges. However, with such small sample sizes, the amount of meaningful information which can be extracted from these tables is questionable.

Norrington table
The corresponding ranking for Oxford colleges is the Norrington Table. Since 1986, when the University of Oxford adopted split second-class degrees, the Norrington Table has adopted the same method of scoring as the Tompkins Table, but without the weighting attached to individual subject scores.

Oxbridge College League Table
Starting in 2020, The Telegraph compiled an Oxbridge college league table, drawing on both academic and other factors, including accommodation, lifestyle and wealth.

title: Tompkins Table


text: File:Fingerprints best of.jpg

title: File:Fingerprints best of.jpg


text:
User talk:Plaustsen

AH, errr. check out your last edits... I think you edited the wrong page..

title: User talk:Plaustsen


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Jimmy Bancks

James Charles Bancks (10 May 1889 – 1 July 1952) was an Australian cartoonist best known for his comic strip Ginger Meggs.

Biography
James Charles Bancks was born in Enmore, New South Wales, Australia on 10 May 1889, the son of an Irish railway worker, John Spencer Bancks. Bancks left school at the age of 14 and found employment with a finance company. His first illustrations were accepted and published by The Comic Australian in 1913, followed by The Arrow in 1914. This encouraged Bancks to submit work to The Bulletin, where he was offered a permanent position, which he accepted and remained until 1922. Throughout this period he was studying art under Dattilo Rubbo and Julian Ashton and supplying freelance cartoons to the Sunday Sun.

He created Ginger (later Ginger Meggs) for the Sunday Sun and Sun News-Pictorial. Bancks created The Blimps for the Melbourne Sun in 1923, and this daily strip ran until 1925, the year when he launched Mr. Melbourne Day by Day for the Melbourne Sun-Pictorial.

Personal life

On 15 October 1931 Bancks married Jessie Nita Tait (daughter of theatrical entrepreneur, Edward Joseph 'E.J.' Tait ) at Darling Point. She first worked as fashion adviser to her father's enterprise, since 1933 she published the column "Fashion Parade" in The Australian Women's Weekly. Jessie died in childbirth on 22 November 1936. In 1938 he married Patricia Quinan in Yuma, Arizona in the United States. They adopted a daughter, the artist Sheena Bancks, who married the actor Michael Latimer.

Bancks died on 1 July 1952 from a heart attack at his home in Point Piper, New South Wales.

On 26 July 1997, the Mayor of Hornsby, New South Wales formally named a park in Hornsby after Bancks's character Ginger Meggs. The area had an association with Bancks because he used to spend time there in his childhood. The park is located on Valley Road, adjacent to a creek that was named Jimmy Bancks Creek.

On 27 April 2023, a plaque to commemorate Bancks was formally unveiled at a ceremony at Woollahra Libraries attended by Councillor Richard Shields, Councillor Mary-Lou Jarvis, Kellie Sloane - Member for Vaucluse, Bancks' descendants, cartoonists, and Library local history staff. The plaque is to be installed at his longtime home in Point Piper. The Woollahra Council Plaque Scheme honours exceptional people or events associated with the local government area that have made a significant impact on life in the area or Australia as a nation. It was the 41st plaque in the library's Historical Plaque Scheme.

Selected writings

 * Ginger Meggs (1922–1952) – cartoon
 * Impressions of the Artists' Ball : In Line and in Rhythm (1922) – poetry
 * The Sunshine Family : A Book of Nonsense for Girls and Boys (1923) – children's fiction
 * Party Impressions (1929) – short story
 * The Man Who Knew Mailey (1930) – short story
 * Blue Mountains Melody (1934) – musical

title: Jimmy Bancks


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Nathan

Nathan or Natan may refer to:

People and biblical figures

 * Nathan (given name), including a list of people and characters with this name
 * Nathan (surname)

 * Nathan (prophet), a person in the Hebrew Bible
 * Nathan (son of David), a biblical figure, son of King David and Bathsheba
 * Nathan of Gaza, a charismatic figure who spread the word of Sabbatai Zevi
 * Starboy Nathan, a British singer who used the stage name "Nathan" from 2006 to 2011
 * Nathan (footballer, born 1994), Brazilian winger Nathan Athaydes Campos Ferreira
 * Nathan (footballer, born 1995), Brazilian centre back Nathan Raphael Pelae Cardoso
 * Nathan (footballer, born 1996), Brazilian midfielder Nathan Allan de Souza
 * Nathan (footballer, born May 1999), Brazilian forward Nathan Crepaldi da Cruz
 * Nathan (footballer, born August 1999), Brazilian forward Nathan Palafoz de Sousa
 * Nathan (footballer, born 2001), Brazilian right back Nathan Santos de Araújo
 * Nathan (footballer, born 2002), Brazilian right back Nathan Gabriel de Souza Mendes
 * Nathan (footballer, born 2005), Brazilian forward Nathan Ribeiro Fernandes

Other uses

 * Nathan, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane in Australia
 * Nathan (band), an alt-country band from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 * Vethan or "Nathan", a deity in Ayyavazhi theology
 * Éditions Nathan, a French publishing house, a subsidiary of Editis
 * Nathan Manufacturing (Airchime, Ltd.), a train horn manufacturer
 * Nathan Road, the main thoroughfare in Kowloon, Hong Kong
 * Nathan (album), a 1994 album by Nathan Cavaleri
 * The title character of Nathan the Wise, a 1779 play by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

title: Nathan


text:
Facing (retail)

In the retail industry, facing (also known as blocking, zoning, levelling or dressing) is the practice of pulling products forward to the front of the display or shelf on which they are placed, typically with the items' labels facing forward. This is done to keep a store appearing neat and organized, and can help create the illusion of a perfectly stocked store.

In department stores it may be referred to as recovery, as in the store is recovering from the rush of customers that affect the model appearance the store wants to portray. Merchandise may be put in the wrong area, or customers may leave debris on the floor. Correcting these issues is a part of the recovery process.

Facings also refer to the amount of shelf space a particular product is given. A lot of facing generally increases sales of a particular product, therefore manufacturers often pay more money to get more facings for their products. This can lead to situations in which the largest manufacturers end up with the most shelf space because they have the greatest ability to pay.

title: Facing (retail)


text:
User:Voidmazun

Voidmazun (as known as Void_mazun, Void/Mazun, Alexander Zhernoff, Vmz).

Very creative and mostly wonderful young man. Сitizen of Russian Federation. If you know Russian you can find its remarkable ideas on his lj. As the writer it writes "the story about outstanding people", as the artist he draws impressionaire in MS Paint.

title: User:Voidmazun


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Willie Bloomquist

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. I see only one useful vote after the cleanup, but there's no point relisting it on VfD because he would plainly be kept. -Splash 01:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Willie Bloomquist
This is a joke and not a real article. There is a question as to whether he is of enough signifigance to earn a Wiki page. D Wilbanks 07:44, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

At least keep it true and clean and let it stay. Stop messing with it folks.

Not a real article. As a Seattle Mariners fan, I like to rag on Bloomquist as much as any other fan, but Wiki is not the place to do it. Bloomquist is not really of enough signifigance to earn his own Wiki page.

It's fine now. I don't see why he wouldn't deserve a page, he's a MLB regular and linked to by two other articles. He's also a local fan favorite.

There's nothing wrong with a Wiki page for Bloomquist; the problem is the kids who keep changing the entry thinking it is "funny."
 * As the article seems to be cleaned up now, keep--subject is a Major League Baseball player, all of whom are inherently notable. Meelar (talk) 14:28, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Antrak Air

Antrak Air was a Ghanaian scheduled airline based in the Airport Residential Area of Accra, Ghana. It started operations in September 2003 and operated scheduled domestic, regional and international services, as well as charter services in West Africa. Its main base was at Kotoka International Airport, Accra.

The company suspended all operations in May 2012 following a fire on board its only aircraft. The company resumed its domestic flights on 6 August after being grounded for about two months, but no longer operates.

Destinations
Antrak Air operated the following scheduled services (at April 2012):
 * Africa
 * 🇬🇭 Ghana
 * Accra - Kotoka International Airport
 * Kumasi - Kumasi Airport
 * Tamale - Tamale Airport
 * Sunyani - Sunyani Airport
 * Takoradi - Takoradi Airport

Antrak Air was a legally designated carrier of Ghana to numerous countries worldwide, including the United Kingdom, Germany, South Africa and Saudi Arabia.

In September 2011, Antrak Air filed a legal challenge seeking an injunction to suspend operations of new competitor Starbow Airlines.

Fleet
The Antrak Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of July 2012) :
 * 1 ATR-42 (cargo)
 * 3 ATR-72 (leased from Swiftair)

Accidents and incidents

 * On 22 May 2012, an Antrak Air ATR-42 flying from Tamale to Accra with 33 passengers and four crew caught fire on departure from Tamale Airport. Passengers were evacuated from the aircraft and no fatalities were reported.
 * In April 2007, an engine fire occurred on the right engine of an ATR-42 with the registration number of 9G-ANT. This flight was operating the last evening flight from Kumasi to Accra with over 30 passengers. The aircraft landed safely with one engine (left engine) in Accra.

title: Antrak Air


text:
Night Train to Munich

Night Train to Munich is a 1940 British thriller film directed by Carol Reed and starring Margaret Lockwood and Rex Harrison. Written by Sidney Gilliat and Frank Launder, based on the 1939 short story Report on a Fugitive by Gordon Wellesley, the film is about an inventor and his daughter who are kidnapped by the Gestapo after the Nazis march into Prague in the prelude to the Second World War. A British secret service agent follows them, disguised as a senior German army officer pretending to woo the daughter over to the Nazi cause.

Plot
As German forces take over Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Axel Bomasch, a Czechoslovak scientist working on a new type of armour-plate, is flown to Britain. Bomasch's daughter, Anna, is arrested before she can reach the airport and sent to a concentration camp, where she is interrogated by Nazis who are pursuing her father. Anna refuses to cooperate. Soon she is befriended by a fellow prisoner named Karl Marsen, who says he is a teacher imprisoned for his political views. Together they are able to escape and make their way to London. Marsen is in fact a Gestapo agent assigned to gain her trust and locate her father.

Following Marsen's suggestion, Anna places a cryptic newspaper advertisement to let her father know she is in the country. Soon after, she gets an anonymous phone call with instructions to go to the town of Brightbourne. There, Anna contacts Dickie Randall, a British intelligence officer working undercover as an entertainer named Gus Bennett. Randall takes Anna to her father, who is now working for the Royal Navy at the fictional Dartland naval base. Anna argues with Randall over her attempt to post a letter to Marsen (with an informative postmark). It does not matter, as Dr. John Fredericks, Marsen's undercover superior in London, had tailed her to Brightbourne.

Soon after, Marsen arranges the kidnapping of Anna and her father and brings them back to Germany by U-boat. Their captors threaten to put her in a concentration camp if Bomasch refuses to work for the Nazis. Randall's proposal to rescue the Bomasches is (unofficially) accepted. He travels to Berlin and infiltrates the building where the Bomasches are being held, posing as Major Ulrich Herzog of the Corps of Engineers. He dupes Captain Prada and Admiral Hassinger into believing he was Anna's lover years ago and can persuade her to get her father to co-operate. Randall spends the night with Anna in her hotel room to maintain the pretence. When the Bomasches are ordered to be sent to Munich, he plans to accompany them and arrange their escape. Marsen shows up just as they are about to leave the hotel; he has been assigned to escort them to Munich.

Randall's situation is further complicated at the railway station, where he is recognised by a former classmate named Caldicott, who is leaving Germany with his friend Charters. Randall denies knowing Caldicott but Marsen's suspicions are aroused. When the train makes an unscheduled stop (brought to a halt by a railway station guard played by Irene Handl in an early uncredited bit part) to take on troops, as Britain has declared war on Germany that morning, Marsen takes the opportunity to telephone his headquarters to have Herzog investigated. When Marsen's superiors call back to confirm there is no Major Herzog, Charters, attempting to use another telephone, overhears that Randall will be arrested when they reach Munich.

The two Englishmen barely manage to reboard the train before it leaves. Caldicott slips a warning to Randall, who is thus prepared when Marsen pulls out a gun as they near Munich. Charters and Caldicott overpower first the two guards, then Marsen. After swapping uniforms with Marsen, Randall commandeers a car. They speed up a mountain road, with Marsen and his men in hot pursuit. They reach an aerial tramway; at the other end is neutral Switzerland. Randall manages to shoot all of their pursuers except Marsen, while Anna and the others escape on the tram. Randall then boards the other tram and exchanges shots with Marsen, who reverses the direction of Randall's tram, but he manages to jump to the other tram as it passes. When he hits Marsen in the leg, the latter is either unable, or unwilling, to reach the controls and stop Randall from reaching safety. Randall and Anna embrace.

Cast

 * Margaret Lockwood as Anna Bomasch
 * Rex Harrison as Dickie Randall / Gus Bennett / Ulrich Herzog
 * Paul Henreid as Capt. Karl Marsen (credited as Paul von Hernreid)
 * Basil Radford as Charters
 * Naunton Wayne as Caldicott
 * James Harcourt as Axel Bomasch
 * Felix Aylmer as Dr. John Fredericks
 * Wyndham Goldie as Charles Dryton
 * Roland Culver as Roberts
 * Eliot Makeham as Schwab
 * Raymond Huntley as Kampenfeldt
 * Austin Trevor as Capt. Prada
 * Kenneth Kent as Controller
 * C. V. France as Admiral Hassinger
 * Frederick Valk as Gestapo Officer (credited as Fritz Valk)
 * Morland Graham as Teleferic Attendant
 * Hugh Griffith as Sailor (uncredited)
 * Billy Russell as Adolf Hitler (uncredited)

Production
The film was based on a short story by Gordon Wellesley which Sidney Gilliat claims only constituted the first ten minutes of the film, the rest came from him and Launder.

This was the last of the several films that Margaret Lockwood made for Carol Reed. Their professional relationship ended after she turned down the female lead in Kipps.

Critical reception
The film premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 26 July 1940. The film has a rating of 89% "Fresh" on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 18 critic reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. Prior to the film's initial release, a review by Variety noted that "[m]uch of the film’s merit obviously stems from the compact, propulsive screenplay ... and the razor-edge direction", adding that "[t]here are countless touches of atmosphere and comedy that add immeasurable flavor and zest to the picture".

Simon Abrams of Slant Magazine wrote of the film: "Come for Carol Reed's name, stay for Rex Harrison's performance and a few good cheap shots at the Nazis". Stephen Mayne of PopMatters wrote that the film is "more than just a rerun of The Lady Vanishes", stating that it "overcomes wobbly moments by being so persistently fun".

Home media
The film was released on LaserDisc by the Roan Group on 14 February 1995. A VHS release followed on 11 February 1997 by Kino Video. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray by the Criterion Collection on 29 June 2010 and 6 September 2016, respectively.

The title inspired the eponymous song on Al Stewart's interwar theme album, Between the Wars.

Comparison to The Lady Vanishes
The film has been compared to The Lady Vanishes, with the Princeton academic Michael Wood describing it as an "ironic remake"; the publicity at the time of release erroneously claimed it is a sequel. It has a similar situation in a war-torn continental Europe and both have scripts by Launder and Gilliat. The two slightly eccentric and cricket-mad English travellers, Charters and Caldicott, are carried over. The films are otherwise similar in setting, and both feature similar lead character types: the damsel in distress and eccentric upper-class British gentlemen spy, manifesting in the first film as Iris (played by Margaret Lockwood) and Gilbert and in the second as Anna Bomasch (also played by Lockwood) and Dickie Randall.

title: Night Train to Munich


text: User:Stephen Bain/Infobox Legislation

title: User:Stephen Bain/Infobox Legislation


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VU (album)

VU is a 1985 album by the American musical group the Velvet Underground, a compilation album of outtakes recorded 1968–69. It was released in February 1985 by Verve Records.

Composition and collection
When the Velvet Underground moved from Verve Records (which had released their first two albums) to parent company MGM Records, they signed a two-album deal, releasing their third album The Velvet Underground in March 1969. Later that same year there was a management change and MGM Records' new CEO, Mike Curb, was brought in to try to rescue the financially struggling label. He decided to purge the record company of its unprofitable acts. The Velvet Underground quickly became one of the groups targeted and were released from their contract. The band had in the meantime recorded 14 tracks for possible release as their second MGM album. All of these were shelved and forgotten by their record company until the early 1980s.

Moe Tucker later said, "We didn’t say we'll just go in and lay down anything and screw 'em. There was a sense that it probably wouldn't be released by them. I think I figured it would just get picked up by the next record company, not realizing that MGM would own it. But when we switched labels, MGM wouldn't give up the tapes."

As Verve (by then an imprint of Polygram) prepared to re-release the band's three Verve/MGM albums on vinyl and CD, they found nineteen previously unreleased tracks: five Cale-era tracks and the 14 "lost album" tracks, some of them in two-track mixdown format, some of them even on multitracks. The cream of the nineteen tracks was released in 1985 as VU; the rest was released as Another View in 1986.

VU is a selection from the 1969 tracks as well as two previously unreleased Cale-era songs—"Temptation Inside Your Heart" and "Stephanie Says". Since most of the material was available on multitrack (only "Ocean" is included in its original 1969 mix), engineers were able to clean up and remix the tracks.

As the Velvet Underground moved from MGM to Atlantic, they re-recorded two of the songs on VU, "Ocean" and "I'm Sticking with You", for possible inclusion on Loaded. Neither made the cut, but six of the VU songs were recycled by Lou Reed during his solo career: "I Can't Stand It", "Lisa Says" and "Ocean" on Lou Reed, 1972; "Andy's Chest" on Transformer, 1972; "Stephanie Says" (as "Caroline Says II") on Berlin, 1973; and "She's My Best Friend" (which was originally sung by Doug Yule), was included on Coney Island Baby, 1976.

VU peaked in the US at #85, the band's best placing. As of October 2013 it had sold 90,000 copies according to Nielsen Soundscan.

Critical reception
VU was ranked number 3 among the "Albums of the Year" for 1985 by NME. Village Voice rock critic Robert Christgau wrote, "It's goofy, relaxed, simultaneously conversational and obscure, an effect accentuated by the unfinished feel of takes the band never prepared for public consumption. As a result, especially given PolyGram's state-of-the-art remix, it's their most listenable record."

Mick Farren of Spin wrote of the recordings, "As a piece of rock archeology, they are clearly invaluable, filling a crucial gap in the Velvet Underground canon. As a piece of entertainment — even a period piece — they provoke the feeling that, if it had been released in sequence, the album probably would have been greeted as an almost unqualified dog."

Track listing
All songs written by Lou Reed, except "Foggy Notion" by Reed, Sterling Morrison, Doug Yule, Maureen Tucker and Hy Weiss.

* The CD issue of VU omits the first few seconds of "Foggy Notion", which includes a practice guitar lick and the band members talking.

 * All tracks appear on the box set Peel Slowly and See, except "She's My Best Friend", "Ocean" and "Andy's Chest". "Ocean" on Peel Slowly and See is a later version, recorded during the Loaded sessions April – June 1970.

Personnel

 * The Velvet Underground
 * John Cale – viola, celesta and backing vocals on "Stephanie Says", bass guitar and backing vocals on "Temptation Inside Your Heart"
 * Sterling Morrison – guitar, backing vocals
 * Lou Reed – vocals, guitar
 * Maureen Tucker – percussion, lead vocals on "I'm Sticking with You"
 * Doug Yule – bass guitar, keyboards, lead vocals on "She's My Best Friend", backing vocals on "I Can't Stand It", "Lisa Says", "Foggy Notion", "One of These Days", "Andy's Chest", piano and backing vocals on "I'm Sticking with You", lead guitar on "One of These Days"

 * Technical staff
 * The Velvet Underground – producers
 * Gary Kellgren – engineer
 * Bill Levenson – compilation executive producer
 * J. C. Convertino – compilation engineer

Charts
VU is The Velvet Underground's highest charting album in the US, peaking at number 85 in the US Billboard charts on April 13, 1985. It remained in the Charts for 13 weeks.

title: VU (album)


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Zoran Corporation

Zoran Corporation was a multinational digital technology company, founded in 1981 and headquartered in Silicon Valley, that was predominantly focused on designing and selling SoC (System on a Chip) integrated circuits for consumer electronics applications. The name Zoran is derived from the Hebrew word for silicon. Zoran was incorporated in the state of Delaware and had offices in Canada, China, England, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the US. Zoran had strong ties with Israel, with a strong R&D presence and being the beneficiary of incentives from organizations such as Israel's Ministry of Industry and Trade.

After an early focus on filter and signal processors for military, industrial and medical applications, Zoran started focusing on data compression products for emerging multimedia applications and became better known in the late 1990s as a supplier of Motion JPEG codec chips used on PC add-in cards for video capture and video editing applications. After the turn of the millennium, sales increased substantially as Zoran became a leading provider of chips for DVD players, which it continued to be until about 2007, covering a period during which the production volume of DVD players increased strongly and the semiconductor value in this segment reached its peak. Starting from 2005, Zoran also supplied chips for a substantial portion of the worldwide production of digital cameras. Around 2008 and 2009, Zoran was successful as a supplier of cost-effective integrated chips for LCD TVs supporting the ATSC standards used for HDTV broadcast in the US.

In 2011, Zoran merged with UK-based CSR and is now represented by the CSR brand and stock. After the merger, CSR executed substantial layoffs of former Zoran employees.

Supplier of signal processing ICs
Zoran was founded in 1981 by Yuval Almog and Dr. Levy Gerzberg, with a focus on DSP technology.

Due to the similarity between the Zoran Corporation's name and services and those of Max Zorin's fictional company in the James Bond film A View to a Kill, which was released in 1985, a disclaimer had to be added to the film stating that the name Zorin was not related to a real-life company - none of the film's producers had been aware of the Zoran Corporation's existence when selecting a name for the villainous Max Zorin (Christopher Walken) and his fictional organisation.

Until 1991, Zoran derived the substantial majority of its revenues from digital filter processors and vector signal processors used principally in military, industrial and medical applications. In 1989, it repositioned its business to develop and market data compression products for emerging multimedia applications and discontinued development of digital filter processor and vector signal processor products.

Supplier of multimedia chips, success in DVD player market
Zoran became better known through PC video products incorporating Motion JPEG technology, which until 2001 were a significant contributor to Zoran's revenues. The ZR3606x and ZR3650x (with USB interface) family of devices was widely used in PC-based video capture and editing devices. Zoran also offered digital audio products such as the ZR38601, a single-chip digital audio processor designed to support the PC and home theater digital speaker market. Zoran also offered to third parties chip design IP (intellectual property) cores for decoding and encoding NTSC, PAL or SECAM television signals.

In 1997 Zoran acquired CompCore Multimedia, a provider of software-based compression products and a designer of IP cores for video and audio decoder integrated circuits.

Beginning in 1997, Zoran established itself as a leading provider of MPEG-2 technology for DVD and Super Video CD applications. Although, unlike some competitors, the company had not participated in the first major revenue opportunity for high-volume MPEG-decoding chips, the Chinese Video CD player boom of the late 1990s based on MPEG-1 decoding technology, increasing sales of chips for DVD player applications launched Zoran into a period of strong revenue growth and expansion. For several years starting from 2001, Zoran derived a substantial majority of its product revenues from the sale of DVD player chips.

Prominence and product diversification through acquisitions and turning point of DVD business
In October 2000, Zoran acquired Nogatech, Inc., a manufacturer of integrated circuits that establish connections between video devices and computers as well as connections between video devices across a variety of networks, in exchange for Zoran common stock with a fair value of $154 million.

In 2003, Zoran purchased Oak Technology in a deal valued at $358 million, thereby expanding its product portfolio with chips used in digital televisions (originally from TeraLogic which Oak had earlier acquired), as well as chips and software used in inkjet printers, laser printers, multi-function printers, and industrial imaging equipment. Zoran also acquired IP related to optical storage technology, which it intended to utilize in chips targeting DVD recorders.

DVD chip sales reached a climax in Q2 2004, after which a significant inventory correction in China greatly affected Zoran. Thereafter, revenues from DVD products declined from a substantial majority of revenues until the middle of 2004 to 8% of revenues by 2010. DVD chip revenues were affected by significant declines in average selling prices and associated commoditization of DVD player chips, resulting in lower revenues and profit margins, and market share loss due to competition from low-cost competitors.

Growth in non-DVD product lines
By 2005, its COACH product line for digital camera processors, which built on its earlier JPEG expertise, had started to become significant and would be the largest revenue contributor in Zoran's later years. The printer/imaging business acquired from Oak also consistently contributed in the region of 20% of revenues.

Targeting the mobile phone market, Zoran acquired Emblaze Semiconductor (based in Israel close to a large part of Zoran's own R&D facilities) in 2004 for $54 million in cash. The resulting mobile phone multimedia processor product line eventually achieved limited success with production for LG camera phones in 2008, but could not sustain growth and Zoran discontinued development on this product line in Q3 2009.

Zoran's revenues and net income peaked in 2007, with revenues reaching $507 million and non-GAAP net income of $71 million. In 2008, revenues declined to $439 million, with non-GAAP net income declining to $8 million.

The DTV product line for flat-panel TVs and set-top boxes became successful for Zoran for a period, being the largest revenue contributor with 35% in Q3 2008. After expectations of a significant revenue decline for the company in Q1 2009, an unexpected recovery of its DTV business in Q1 2009 allowed Zoran to maintain its revenue level with DTV reaching 40% of revenues in Q2 and Q3 2009 based on Zoran's leading position in low to mid-range LCD TVs for the US market.

Decline in final years as independent company
For 2009, Zoran reported revenues of $380 million, declining from $439 million in the previous year, with a non-GAAP net loss of $13 million. TV revenues increased by 40% over the previous year on market share growth for DTV in the US, with market share reported to have reached 30%. However, by Q2 2010 the DTV business began to see challenges and the outlook for this business was significantly reduced. Around this time frame the market for DTV and digital camera chips started to suffer from increased competition and a trend towards commoditization, which had earlier affected Zoran's DVD chip business, resulting in reduced average selling prices and reduced profit margins.

Zoran's last acquisition was that of silicon RF tuner company Microtune Inc. in 2010, for a transaction price of approximately $166 million. Microtune's tuner chips targeted cable set-top box, broadband cable modem, digital TV, and automotive entertainment markets.

Zoran posted a non-GAAP net loss of $21.5 million for the year 2010, on revenues of $357 million, with a loss of $15 million for Q4 2010 alone. Despite a material revenue run-rate contributed by the Microtune acquisition (based on quarterly revenues of $24 million in Q2 2010), Zoran reported revenues of $85 million for Q1 2011, with a non-GAAP net loss of $21 million. The company reported a reduced outlook for its digital camera business for the remainder of the year due to Cisco's exit from the video camcorder business. For Q2 2011, its last quarter as an independent company, revenues declined to $83 million with a non-GAAP net loss of $18 million, although it forecast revenue growth to between $100 million and $105 million for the seasonally stronger third quarter of 2011.

CSR plc merger
On 21 February 2011, Zoran announced it was merging with CSR, a global leader in wireless connectivity (including WLAN and Bluetooth) and location chip technology such as GPS based in the UK. At the time of the merger agreement, Zoran's board of directors was agitated by hedge fund Ramius LLC, which had said in a letter to the board that it believed Zoran's shares were undervalued. Due to Zoran's decreased business outlook, the offer for Zoran was reduced to about $484 million in June from the originally agreed offer value of about $679 million (based on an all-stock transaction) under mutual agreement, although a significant cash component was introduced. The merger was completed on 31 August 2011, and Zoran now trades under the CSR banner with little mention of the original company name. Zoran described the transaction as a merger, but actually, it is a takeover according to CSR management.

After the merger, CSR executed substantial layoffs involving former Zoran employees. The discontinuation of the DTV and silicon tuner divisions was announced at the end of 2011, involving the layoff of 800 employees, which some say caused CSR's share price to jump up substantially. Other divisions were cut as well, and as of the end of 2012, only the COACH (camera-on-a-chip) and Quatro (printer/imaging) product lines still existed. In December 2013 CSR announced it would discontinue development of the COACH platform, with around 200 people being laid off. As of 30 June 2014, CSR had sold the COACH and related camera/video IPs to Qualcomm.

Finally, Qualcomm acquired CSR.

Products

Zoran developed and marketed chips that were used in a wide range of consumer and professional electronics devices featuring image compression or video compression, including PC-based video capture and video editing devices, DVD players, DVD recorders, LCD TVs and digital CRT TVs, digital cameras, security cameras, digital TV set-top boxes, printers and related imaging devices, and mobile phones.

As is common in the semiconductor industry, Zoran was a fabless semiconductor company that outsourced the actual manufacturing of chips to independent foundries such as TSMC. Apart from semiconductor chips, Zoran also commonly provided customers with associated reference designs including a printed circuit board layout and a bill of materials with required components for common configurations, as well associated firmware and software tools, allowing a customer to bring an end product (for example, a DVD player or digital camera) to market faster with a reduced amount of investment while requiring less technical expertise.

Examples of successful chip families sold by Zoran include the Vaddis product line that was widely used in DVD players, especially in earlier brand-name models with upscaled HDMI output (using Zoran's HDXtreme upscaler chip) and by numerous low-cost manufacturers in China, the COACH image processor/video processor product line for digital cameras that saw widespread adoption among both major brands and lower cost manufacturers in Asia and shipped hundreds of millions of units, and the SupraHD product line of integrated SoC solutions for LCD TVs, primarily supporting the ATSC and NTSC standards for the US market.

Other specific target applications included set-top boxes for digital TV deployment in Asia, converter boxes facilitating the transition away from analog terrestrial television in the US, DVD recorders with the Activa product line featuring MPEG-2 encoding, and high-end camera phones with APPROACH camera multimedia processors.

Prominent customers and products using Zoran chips included DVD players from brands such as Samsung, LG, Sharp and Toshiba, digital cameras sold under major brands such as Casio, Kodak, Nikon, Olympus, Pentax, Samsung and Sony, LG Viewty camera phones using APPROACH camera processors, budget LCD TVs sold in the US under brands including Insignia, Magnavox, Vizio and Westinghouse using SupraHD DTV processors, and single-function and multi-function printers (involving SoCs as well as software licenses) from brands such as Canon, Epson, HP, Lexmark, and Samsung.

title: Zoran Corporation


text:
Talk:VU (album)

Authorship of "Foggy Notion"
It broke my heart to do it, but I changed the credit for "Foggy Notion". According to the Peel Slowly And See credits, the song was written by all the band members except Lou Reed, plus an old record producer named Hy Weiss.

The VU CD has no songwriting credits on it -- it only lists the players on each track.

Does anybody have any evidence the PS&S credit is incorrect? I'd prefer to believe Lou Reed wrote or co-wrote every VU song until he left the band. --63.25.27.249 17:39, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If you google "Hy Weiss" and "Foggy Notion" there's some interesting reading. The most plausible theory is that Weiss' name was added as either a tribute by Reed, or because a song of Weiss' was quoted and he is given credit. Why "Foggy Notion" doesn't credit Reed as well on Peel Slowly... is a mystery (I don't have it in front of me to check it out), but the version on the Quine Tapes which is a morte recent VU release, credits Reed and Weiss: Reed, plus the others. I'm thinking that's how it should be credited here, since the VU album doesn't list Weiss, Peel Slowly... adds Weiss and omits Reed: the Quine Tapes credit is the most inclusive (since Reed is obviously singing and playing on the song). Freshacconci 17:50, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:VU (album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Voidmazun

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 11:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Voidmazun
Vanity-- BMIComp (talk) 07:48, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete or merge with User:Voidmazun. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 07:49, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 08:56, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. User didn't contribute any edits apart from the ones to his own user and talk pages. - Mgm|(talk) 11:17, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy nn vanity royblumy 21:36, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 23:31, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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MonoUML

MonoUML is a CASE tool based on the Mono framework. Designed for allowing Unix/Linux developers to design computer systems faster using a friendly GUI application. Not only a diagramming tool but rather a complete CASE tool based on the OMG standards and fully compatible with proprietary tools. MonoUML supports reverse engineering of executables (.exe) or .NET assemblies.

title: MonoUML


text:
User talk:Mightygiant

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Seeaxid 07:50, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Gish-1.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 07:00, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mightygiant


text:
Talk:Santror Pirappu

Aside form anything lese, the connection between the article's title and its content is completely obscure. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 07:50, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Who or what is the Santror mentioned in the title? John Carter (talk) 23:16, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Santror Pirappu


text:
Talk:Tony Barbieri

The only thing I know about this actor, is he is the devil himself, Captain America. I hope others will fill in the rest. I left it as a "stub", since it's missing basic bio information, like birthdate. --rob 07:54, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Was identified as a performer during Hilton resentencing 8-Jun-07
This statement in the main article isn't correct: '(without any mention of the fact that he was "performing")'. However, I hesitate to change the main article because I didn't copy the actual video.

I was watching the court spokesperson today (8-Jun-07) answer questions about Paris Hilton's return to jail. After the spokesman confirmed that the judge had reinstated her 45-day sentence, someone off camera shouted an anguished, "No!". Switching channels, I saw that Fox News was using another camera angle. There I noticed someone behind the judge clowning and making faces, such as pretending to stick his tongue in the spokesman's ear. His hat had the words, either "I [heart] Paris" or "Free Paris", and on top of that was a hand-lettered sign that said, "Let Her Live".

Fox reporter Shepherd Smith and another reported started to discuss the guy, and Smith commented, "He's a plant, he's from a TV show.". However, Smith didn't state Barbieri's name nor did he identify the TV show.

Marzolian 01:33, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The thing is that the early AP wire stories identified him as "Jake Byrd from Chino" (the same name and hometown given during the Jackson antics), but the later AP stories corrected that. See, for instance, http://contracostatimes.com/ci_6094947:
 * One person claiming to be a Hilton supporter turned out to be a writer for the "Jimmy Kimmel Live" show. He screamed "no, no, no" after learning Hilton was going back to jail.
 * Calwatch 03:44, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tony Barbieri


text:
Kabani

Kabani may refer to:

 * Kabani, Bhamo, Burma
 * Kabini River
 * Kabani, Syria, a Syrian village
 * Kabani (TV series), a 2019-2020 Indian Malayalam series

title: Kabani


text:
User:DebateMaster

If you debate please do so with facts.

title: User:DebateMaster


text:
The Secret Life of Bees (novel)

The Secret Life of Bees is a novel by the American author Sue Monk Kidd. Set in 1964, it is a coming-of-age story about loss, betrayal, and the interracial landscape of the civil rights era of the American South. The book received critical acclaim and was a New York Times bestseller. It won the 2004 Book Sense Book of the Year Awards (Paperback), and was nominated for the Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction.

Plot
In the fictitious town of Sylvan, South Carolina in 1964, 14-year-old Lily Melissa Owens lives with her abusive father, T. Ray, and her African-American maid, Rosaleen. Much of Lily's life has been shaped around the blurred memory of the afternoon her mother was killed. Every night bees fly into her bedroom. Then, after Rosaleen is arrested for pouring her bottle of "snuff juice" on three white men, Lily breaks her out of the hospital and they decide to leave town. The two begin hitch-hiking toward Tiburon, South Carolina, a place written on the back of an image of the Virgin Mary known as the “Black Madonna,” which Deborah, Lily's mother, had owned. They spend a night in the woods with little food and little hope before reaching Tiburon. There, they buy lunch at a general store, and Lily recognizes a picture of the same "Black Mary" but on the side of a jar of honey. Rosaleen and Lily receive directions to the origin of the honey, the Boatwright residence. They are introduced to the Boatwright sisters, the makers of the honey: August, May, and June, who are all black. When Lily meets the sisters she makes up a story about being an orphan. Believing Lily's story, August, June, and May invite Lily and Rosaleen to stay with them.

They learn the ways of the Boatwrights, as well as the ways of bee keeping. With a new home and a new family for the time being, Lily learns more about the Black Madonna honey that the sisters make. She begins working as August's bee keeping apprentice to repay her for her kindness, while Rosaleen works around the house. Lily finds out that May had a twin sister, April, who died by suicide with their father's shotgun when they were younger. She watches June's ongoing flirtations with, and refusals of marriage to, her boyfriend Neil. Lily and Rosaleen also get to see the sisters' religious ceremonies. The sisters hold service at their house which they call "The Daughters of Mary." They keep a statue of the "Black Mary", or "Our Lady of Chains", which was actually a figurehead from the bow of an ancient ship, and August tells the story of how a man by the name of Obadiah, who was enslaved, found this figure. The enslaved men and women thought that God had answered their prayers asking for rescue, and "to send them consolation" and "to send them freedom". It gave them hope, and the figure had been passed down for generations.

Lily eventually meets Zach, August's godson. They soon develop intimate feelings for each other. They share goals with each other while working the hives. Both Lily and Zach find their goals nearly impossible to meet but still encourage each other to attempt them. Zach wants to be the "ass-busting lawyer", which means he would be the first black attorney in the area. Lily wants to be a short story writer.

Lily attempts to tell August the truth but is interrupted by Zach, who takes her for a honey run. They stop at a store to pick up a few things. Zach gets arrested after one of his friends, who they had met at the store, throws a Coke bottle at a white man, and none of them will tell who did it. Zach and his friends are arrested and put in jail. The Boatwright house decides not to tell May in fear of an unbearable emotional episode. The secret does not stay hidden for long and May becomes catatonic with depression. May leaves the house and goes missing. August, June, Lily and Rosaleen go looking to find her and end up finding her lying dead in the river with a rock on her chest. It looks to be a suicide, due to May's distress from Zach being arrested.

A vigil is held that lasts four days. In that time, Zach is freed from jail with no charges, and black cloth is draped over the beehives to symbolize the mourning. May's suicide letter is found and in it she says, "It's my time to die, and it's your time to live. Don't mess it up." August interprets this as urging June to marry Neil. May is later buried. Life begins to turn back to normal after a time of grieving, bringing the Boatwright house back together. June, after several rejections, agrees to give her hand in marriage to Neil. Zach vows to Lily that they will be together someday and that they will both achieve their goals.

Lily finally finds out the truth about her mother. August was her mother's nanny, and helped raise her. After her marriage to T. Ray began to sour, Deborah left and went to stay with the Boatwrights. She eventually decided to leave him permanently and returned to their house to collect Lily. While Deborah was packing to leave, T. Ray returned home. Their ensuing argument turned into a physical fight during which Deborah got a gun. After a brief struggle, the gun fell to the floor, which Lily picked up and the gun accidentally discharged, killing Deborah.

While Lily is coming to terms with this information, T. Ray shows up at the Boatwright residence, also known as the pink house, to take her back home. Lily refuses, and T. Ray flies into an enraged rampage. He has a violent flashback which brings him around. August steps in and offers to let Lily stay with her. T. Ray gives in and agrees. However, right before T. Ray leaves the Boatwright house, Lily asks him what really happened the day her mother died. T. Ray confirms that Lily was the one to accidentally kill her mother.

Characters

 * Lily Melissa Owens: The 14-year-old narrator of the story. Lily is the daughter and only child of Deborah and T. Ray Owens. Lily loves to read and write.
 * T. Ray Owens: The abusive widowed father of Lily and the widower of Deborah Fontanel Owens. He is the main antagonist of this novel.
 * Deborah Fontanel Owens: The deceased mother of Lily and wife of T. Ray Owens. Deborah died in a gun accident when Lily was 4. Deborah is buried in Virginia.
 * Rosaleen "July" Boatwright-Daise: The black maid of Lily's household and other neighbors, also acts as Lily's protector and mother figure. She is Lily's best friend for most of the book.
 * August Boatwright: The eldest of the Boatwright sisters, a beekeeper, and a well-respected businesswoman in the community. August was Deborah's best friend.
 * June Boatwright: The sister of May Boatwright and August Boatwright. She is a school teacher and musician. June is more serious and stubborn than August and May.
 * May Boatwright: The sister of August and June Boatwright. She had a twin sister, April, who committed suicide when she was 15, and as a result of April's death she is emotionally sensitive.
 * Zachary "Zach" Taylor: August's assistant and godson who helps her with the hives. He is a football player who attends the local black high school. He wants to become a lawyer. Zach is Lily's main love interest.
 * Neil: The principal at the school where June teaches. He has proposed multiple times to June. He eventually becomes June's fiance.
 * The Daughters of Mary: Cressie, Queenie and her daughter Violet, Lunelle, Mabelee, and Sugar-Girl who attends with her husband, Otis, the one man of the group. They are followers of Our Lady of Chains.

Themes
The novel has many themes, including religion, labor, nature, racism, orphanhood and abandonment, mental health and suicide. Lily's search for a mother figure is a part of the greater journey into her own identity. Lily learns about self-acceptance and self-forgiveness during this journey. The Bildungsroman showcases Lily's struggle to understand her role in her family and the world and work through her trauma. Another theme is the historical setting and racism in 1960s American South. The novel mentions police mistreatment of Black people, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the controversy of interracial relations. Mental health is another theme prevalent in the story. April and May, as well as Lily's mother, are affected by various mental illnesses. Although this is not stated directly, May exhibits symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (hyperempathy, restricted and stereotyped behaviour, speech abnormalities).

Symbolism
There are a couple big symbols and motifs in The Secret Life of Bees. One major symbol is the bees and bee-related objects. Bees are a main symbol and motif in the novel. Bees are a symbol of two main things: Guidance and the power of a female community. This is seen in the theme. A major theme is that Lily is looking for a connection to her mother or some mother figure. In the story, there are many strong women she meets. She not only grows up with Rosaleen, who is a surrogate mother to Lily, but she also meets the Boatwright sisters and the Daughters of Mary who enhance this symbol of power in a female community in relation to bees.

Bees can also symbolize organization or “living in a civilized community.” This can be connected to the black community and specifically the Boatwright sisters in this novel. Bees are very organized, and every bee needs to do its job. In the novel, there is a quote which says, “when a queen bee is taken from a hive, the other bees notice her absence” and it is very similar with the Boatwright sisters. Once May’s twin, April, died, May was never the same. She was emotionally sensitive after her twin passed. Once May took her own life, the Boatwright sisters, once again, had to learn how to move on and live with a loss and “missing bees.”

Honey represents wisdom and knowledge. In the plot, Lily is looking for the black Mary that is on a honey jar, and after finding the source of this honey, The Boatwright Sisters take Lily and Rosaleen in, and begin to share their wisdom and knowledge. Wisdom and knowledge about bees, life, Lily’s dad, T. Ray, and Lily’s mother, Deborah.

Reception
The reception of the book was generally positive. Although the novel does include the underlying theme of the civil rights movement, USA Today felt the novel focused more on Lily's journey towards "self-acceptance, faith and freedom". The novel was originally published in 2001, and has since sold more than six million copies and has been published in 35 countries. It also stayed on the New York Times best seller list for two and a half years. In 2004, it was named the "Book Sense Paperback of the Year". It was also one of Good Morning America's "Read-This" Book club picks, and was nominated for the Orange Prize in England.

Film adaptation
The book was adapted into a film in 2008, directed and written by Gina Prince-Bythewood and produced by Will Smith, with Jada Pinkett Smith as the executive producer. Queen Latifah played August Boatwright, Dakota Fanning played Lily, Alicia Keys played June Boatwright, Jennifer Hudson played Rosaleen, and Sophie Okonedo played May Boatwright.

Stage musical adaptation
The book has been adapted as a stage musical. A workshop was produced by New York Stage and Film & Vassar in 2017. The world premiere musical adaptation of The Secret Life of Bees was held at the Off-Broadway Atlantic Theater Company on May 12, 2019 in previews, with the official opening on June 13. The musical's book is written by Lynn Nottage, with music by Duncan Sheik and lyrics by Susan Birkenhead. The musical is directed by Sam Gold and features Saycon Sengbloh as Rosaleen, Elizabeth Teeter as Lily, and LaChanze, Eisa Davis and Anastacia McCleskey as the Boatwight beekeeping sisters.

title: The Secret Life of Bees (novel)


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Template talk:Overpopulated category

TFD
This template was nominated for deletion, but the result was to keep it. See Templates_for_deletion/Log/Not deleted/Archive/0305 for details. Radiant_ >|< 07:52, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

New template style
I changed the style of this template around and added links to to Article size, Longpages and Long article layout. I hope this is ok with everyone. Below is an alternative longer style for the template: Important: This article or category is getting very large. If appropriate, please try to move content into subtopical articles or categories. See Longpages and Long article layout for more information. I also changed the background color from #9F9FFF to #CCFFCC. I did this because #9F9FFF is not a "web-safe" color. See Web color for more info. -Hyad 04:35, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Verylarge versus Verylong
verylarge is for categories; verylong is for articles. -- Reinyday, 01:48, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Very large is not inherently bad
The topic of large categories is currently being discussed at Wikipedia talk:Categorization. There is no inherent reason that large categories must be broken up into subcategories. This was important before there were category table of contents. With a TOC, it is possible to browse through a category of several thousand articles. Subcategories are useful to help people browse through a smaller set of articles, but people may find the larger category more useful if the subcategory divide up the article by relatively irrelevant information (for example, dividing up film directors by nationality). Because of this, I have changed the text of this template. Please join the discussion about this at the categorization page. Thanks. -- Samuel Wantman 23:24, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Often the subcategories already exist but the articles have not all been allocated
Therefore I am going to change the text. Bhoeble 12:45, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sometimes, the categories do not need to be depopulated, so the changes you made would not be correct. Whatever the case, there needs to be discussion and a consensus of the people working in the categories. -- Samuel Wantman 06:53, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I've changed it back. Bhoeble's version didn't say that articles have to be reallocated, and it is the grunt work of reallocation that is the main priority - usually the uncontroversial main priority - not having a chat on the discussion page. Chicheley 13:05, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

The description page of the category says that they are large by design. There is which talks about moving articles to subcategories. If a category is very large by design it should get this template. Having a message to suggest "moving" articles to the subcategory defeats the purpose of the template and the category. If this is the wrong template, use. What is the point of having two tags if they have essentially the same message. There are many categories that are very large by design and they do not have to be depopulated. -- Samuel Wantman 21:12, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Please stop messing around with a perfectly good system. It is nonsense that the two are the same. Leaving aside the issue of whether the other template should exist at all - and I don't think it should becauuse it is defeatist - this template is for categories which should be cleared asap. It has performed that role perfectly well for a long time, so please stop messing around with it. Chicheley 16:02, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Please explain to me the difference between, , and. You seem to be saying that all three of these need to have the same message and be used for the same purpose. Tell me which one I can use to tag categories that are very large by design. I chose this one because that is what the text of the category says, and that has what it has said for some time. All Very large categories, before there were TOC's had to be depopulated. Since then, some of them need depopulating and some of them don't. There should be templates that make this distinction. There are categories that are very large and should not be depopulated (like Category:Living people). All I'm asking for is one of these three redundant templates for use with very large categories that are large by design and no suggestion of depopulating needs to be made. Rather than create a new template, why not use the one who's name and description match what I am trying to do? -- Samuel Wantman 21:03, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Three-prong approach to category sorting
  should be used for one-time cleanup;    should be used if people are likely to keep adding to the category; category tagging is pointless for template-driven categories that cannot be recategorized. Cwolfsheep 02:32, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Tarsier
Is there a reason that that picture is included with this template? What's the point? Is it really necessary? Dylan Lake 06:35, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Template name
Hi. I reverted a WP:BOLD move of this template by to Template:Large category to discuss further. I believe the idea is to make the template name more intuitive by including the word "category." However, the new name omits the word "very," which was arrived at by consensus summarized at Wikipedia talk:Categorization/Archive 9. A concern is and was that there is nothing inherently wrong with a large category, and that using that term to mean a category needing to be diffused is inadequate, and that "very large", while again susceptible to the same concern, was an improvement. The obvious compromise is to use "Template:Very large category," but maybe some will find that a bit of a mouthful? If there is any change to the term "very large," this should be coordinated with. --Bsherr (talk) 15:06, 13 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm happy with the suggested Template:Very large category but just thought that "very" was a rather subjective and meaningless word. What one editor regards as large, another editor may regard as very large! — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 15:23, 13 June 2018 (UTC)
 * other suggestions: "overly large category", "over populated category" or "oversized category". the key point is that an editor believes that the category is too large, which is not encapsulated by the word "very" — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 09:53, 15 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Those are very good suggestions. I'm going to leave notes about this discussion on a few other talk pages and we'll see if there's any more input. Thanks. --Bsherr (talk) 14:35, 15 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Also, some history. This template used to be used for both articles that were very large and categories that were very large. There was a separate template, Template:Overpopulated category or Template:Overpopulated for short, for categories only. They were merged as a result of Templates_for_discussion/Log/Deleted/July_2005, and then this template evolved into being for categories only. I think, deferring to history, I would endorse Template:Overpopulated category, which is very close to one of the suggested names arrived at independently. --Bsherr (talk) 14:49, 15 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Okay I think we are in agreement then :) I will look at reflecting this change in the other places too — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 12:56, 19 June 2018 (UTC)

And a note to self and others that conforming changes will be required at Categorization and Template_messages/Category_namespace. --Bsherr (talk) 14:53, 15 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Overpopulated category


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User talk:Anitane

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Seeaxid 07:53, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Anitane


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Bayangovi

Bayangovi (Баянговь, also Bayangov' or Bayangobi, Rich gobi) is a sum (district) of Bayankhongor Province in south-eastern Mongolia. It is situated approximately 40 kilometres south of the lake Orog Nuur, 170 km from provincial capital Bayankhongor and 650 km south-west of Ulaanbaatar. Bayangovi is surrounded by the Ikhee Bogd mountain range, and by desert.

Outside the small town of Bayangovi are a number of desert sites of natural and cultural interest. About 90 km east of Bayangovi lies Tsagaan Agui. The cave once housed Stone Age human beings 700,000 years ago and features a crystal-lined inner chamber. At Tsagaan Bulag, 18 km south, a white rock outcrop has the faint imprint of an anthropomorphic figure. Sixty-six kilometres south-west of Bayangovi is the petrified forest at Ulaan Shand. The area is littered with stone logs and stumps.

title: Bayangovi


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Gang sign

A gang sign, also known as a gang signal, is a verbal or visual way gang members identify their affiliation. This can take many forms including slogans, hand signs, colored clothing and graffiti. The wearer usually favors, or is in, that particular gang. Many of these, especially slogans and hand signs, have become part of popular culture, especially in African American hip hop culture.

Hand signs
"Throwing up" a gang sign (e.g., "stacking", "page", "gang walk", "banging") with the hands is one of the most known and obvious forms of "claiming" or stating the gang one is affiliated with. It is used in many situations where other identifiers may not be possible or appropriate, and it can also show that a gang member is in the area to "do business" as opposed to just passing through. Usually, these signs are made by formation of the fingers on one or both hands to make some sort of symbol or letter. It can also serve to relay more specific information, such as what set they represent within a larger gang or in which activities they are currently taking part. Individual letters can be used to tell stories when flashed in rapid succession, each representing a word beginning with that letter. These signs, because they are displayed only when wanted (as opposed to the types of identifiers above), are usually the most consistent across various areas. Many of these hand signals are quite close to other common hand signs, and this can cause confusion among gang members, non-gang members, and anti-gang authorities. Most African American and Mexican gangs use these symbols.

Another identifier that can be displayed only when desired is a gang handshake, which usually includes some component of the gang hand signs and/or other hand and finger symbols.

Clothing and other forms of identification
Clothing is a strong signal that all gangs show. The clothing gangs wear allows rival gangs to identify who is friend and who is foe. For example, the uniforms for many Hispanic gangs are standard and easily recognizable. Gangs such as the Latin Kings would wear long yellow T-shirts, baggy pants, and either a bandana or a hat, sometimes both. Black gang members are generally more individualistic with their clothing. The gang would wear specific clothing and certain accessories that would match their crew's colors. Most gang members wear brands such as Pro Club, Dickies, and Levi's.

Mask
Masks can be worn in various types of colors and ways. This is done by gang members to signify which gang they are affiliated with. The most popular mask colors are red, blue, black, white, grey, pink, and yellow. It is typically worn on the left or right back pockets of gang members. They can also be worn as a camp mask by wrapping around the head so only the eyes show.

Tattoos
Gang members will often get tattoos to represent their gang, or subset of a gang which can include markings related to the street their set is from, or a nickname of the neighborhood given by a gang. For example, members of the Maniac Latin Disciples set known as "Rata World" may get a tattoo of the street their set originates from.

Varsity clothing
Around the 1970s to 1990s, it was common for some of Chicago's strongest street gangs to create custom varsity sweaters to represent their gang. This trend however eventually died out due to gang members in the Chicago area being robbed, beaten, or even killed by rival gangs due to the increased status of having a rival's varsity jacket, the implication being that the victim was too weak or cowardly to keep it.

Business cards
Another common gang identifier in 1970s to 1990s Chicago were business cards. Street gangs often used these cards in order to present themselves as businessmen, or in the case of gangs like the Almighty Gaylords, were used to intimidate rivals with text telling rival gang members to hand over their gang sweaters.

Vests
Outlaw motorcycle clubs, and even some street gangs from New York City and New Zealand have been known to wear vests with patches representing their gangs. These vests can come in a variety of materials such as denim or leather.

Tracksuits
Tracksuits are common among street gangs and criminals in Russia since the 1980s. They later become a staple feature of a criminal-derived subculture known as gopnik.

title: Gang sign


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Laodicean Church

The Laodicean Church was a Christian community established in the ancient city of Laodicea (on the river Lycus, in the Roman province of Asia, and one of the early centers of Christianity). The church was established in the Apostolic Age, the earliest period of Christianity, and is probably best known for being one of the Seven churches of Asia addressed by name in the Book of Revelation (Rev. 3.14–22).

References in Colossians
The Christian community in Laodicea seems to have been closely connected with that of nearby Colossae (also in the Lycus valley, 10 mi distant). Laodicea is mentioned four times in the New Testament's epistle to the Colossians (Col. 2:1; 4:13,15,16). In writing to the Colossians, Paul the Apostle sends greetings to them through a Laodicean named Nymphas and the church at their house (Col 4:15). He additionally greets Archippus, who might also be from Laodicea (4:17), and he instructs the Colossians to exchange his letter with one he has written to the Laodiceans (4:16). If the Colossian epistle is genuinely by Paul, then this would indicate a Christian presence in Laodicea as early as the 50s CE. It would also indicate that Laodicea (like Colossae) was not evangelized by Paul, but possibly by his disciple Epaphras .

In Colossians 4:16, Paul states: "'And when this epistle hath been read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye also read the epistle from Laodicea.'" This reference to a letter which the Colossians were to obtain "from Laodicea" has created a puzzle which has not yet received a generally accepted solution.

Various alternatives have been suggested:

 * the epistle in question has been lost
 * the wording of Col 4:16 indicates that the letter was not written to but from Laodicea
 * Tertullian suggested that Marcionite heretics changed the title of the canonical epistle to the Ephesians
 * an apocryphal Epistle to the Laodiceans has had some supporters at times, but modern scholars now regard it as a forgery
 * it is actually one of the other canonical epistles, such at the Letter to Philemon or the Epistle to the Hebrews

No general agreement currently exists as to whether the letter is extant under another name or was lost prior to the formation of the canon.

The Laodicean Church in the Revelation of John (Revelation 3:14–22)
In John's vision, recorded in the Book of Revelation, Christ instructs John to write a message to the seven churches of Asia Minor. The message to Laodicea is one of judgment with a call to repentance. The oracle contains a number of metaphors.

"I wish that you were cold or hot" (Revelation 3:15–16)
""I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth." (KJV)."

The traditional view has been that the Laodiceans were being criticized for their neutrality or lack of zeal (hence "lukewarm"). One problem with this is that Christ's desire that they be either “cold or hot” implies that both extremes are positive. The traditional view saw “cold” as a negative, the idea apparently being that Jesus either wants the readers to be either zealous (“hot”) for him or completely uncommitted (“cold”), but not middle-of-the-road. A middle-of-the-road stance was thought to pollute the pure representation of the faith and create misconceptions about the church and its ideals.

However, a more recent interpretation has suggested that this metaphor has been drawn from the water supply of the city, which was lukewarm, in contrast to the hot springs at nearby Hierapolis and the cold, pure waters of Colossae. The archaeology shows that Laodicea had an aqueduct that probably carried water from hot mineral springs some five miles south, which would have become tepid before entering the city (see main Laodicea article). The imagery of the Laodicean aqueduct suggests not that "hot" is good and "cold" is bad, but that both hot and cold water are useful, whereas lukewarm water is emetic.

"Poor, blind, and naked" (3:17–18)
""Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see." (KJV)."

The words attributed to the Laodiceans may mark an ironic over-confidence in regard to spiritual wealth; they are unable to recognize their bankruptcy. However, the image may also be drawing on the perceived worldly wealth of the city. The city was a place of great finance and banking. In 60 A.D. the city was hit by a major earthquake. The city refused help from the Roman Empire and rebuilt the city itself.

The reference to the "white raiment" may refer to the cloth trade of Laodicea. The city was known for its black wool that was produced in the area. The reference to eye medication is again often thought to reflect the historical situation of Laodicea. According to Strabo (12.8.20) there was a medical school in the city, where a famous ophthalmologist practiced. The city also lies within the boundaries of ancient Phrygia, from where an ingredient of eye-lotions, the so-called "Phrygian powder", was supposed to have originated.

"Behold, I stand" (3:20)

""Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me.""

This is among the most famous images of the Revelation, and is the subject of the famous painting The Light of the World by Holman Hunt. It bears similarities to a saying of Jesus in Mark 13:33–37, and Luke 12:35–38. The door in the painting has no handle, and can therefore be opened only from the inside.

Commentators variously view it as a metaphor of intimate fellowship, and/or a reference to the eschatological parousia of Christ. The theme of divine invitations to eat are found both in the New Testament (e.g., the Parable of the Wedding Feast) and in Graeco-Roman religion. Commentators have also suggested that Revelation 3:20 is the only New Testament reference to the Song of Solomon in the Old Testament, linking this verse with Song of Solomon 5:2. Various papyri, such as "POxy 3693", include invitations to attend a dinner with gods such as Sarapis, but these are issued by specified individuals to feasts at a temple of a god and do not suggest the visitation of the home by the divinity.

Later Christian Laodicea
There was a Council in Laodicea, A.D. c. 363–64, although the date is disputed. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 approved the canon of this council, making these canon ecumenical. The city remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church, Laodicensis in Phrygia.

title: Laodicean Church


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User:Haiderhussain

Just an occasional contributor in this huge and fascinating world of information.

title: User:Haiderhussain


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User:Stephen Bain/Infobox Legislation/Current

 * align="center" colspan="2" style="background: #ccffcc" | Current legislation


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User:Stephen Bain/Infobox Legislation/Repealed

 * align="center" colspan="2" style="background: #ffcccc" | Repealed


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User:Stephen Bain/Infobox Legislation/Amended

 * align="center" colspan="2" style="background: #ffffcc" | Amended