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John Devoy

John Devoy (Seán Ó Dubhuí, ; 3 September 1842 – 29 September 1928) was an Irish republican rebel and journalist who owned and edited The Gaelic American, a New York weekly newspaper, from 1903 to 1928.

Devoy dedicated over 60 years of his life to the cause of Irish independence and was one of the few people to have played a role in the Fenian Rising of 1867, the Easter Rising of 1916 and the Irish War of Independence of 1919–1921.

Early life
Devoy was born in Kill, County Kildare, on 3 September 1842 the son of a farmer and labourer named William Devoy. After the Irish famine of 1845-52, the family moved to Dublin where Devoy's mother obtained a job at Watkins' brewery. Devoy attended night school at the Catholic University before joining the Fenians. In 1861 he travelled to France with an introduction from Timothy Daniel Sullivan to John Mitchel. Devoy joined the French Foreign Legion and served in Algeria for a year before returning to Ireland to become a Fenian organiser in Naas, County Kildare.

Nationalist leader
In 1865, when many Fenians were arrested, James Stephens, founder of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), appointed Devoy Chief Organiser of Fenians in the British Army in Ireland. His duty was to enlist Irish soldiers in the British Army into the IRB.

In November 1865 Devoy orchestrated Stephens' escape from Richmond Prison in Dublin.

In February 1866 an IRB Council of War called for an immediate uprising, but Stephens refused, to Devoy's annoyance, as Devoy calculated the Fenian force in the British Army to number 80,000. The British got wind of the plan through informers and moved the regiments abroad, replacing them with regiments from Britain. Devoy was arrested in February 1866 and interned in Mountjoy Gaol, then tried for treason and sentenced to fifteen years penal servitude. In Portland Prison Devoy organised prison strikes and was moved to Millbank Prison in Pimlico, London.

American years
In January 1871, he was released and exiled to the United States as one of the Cuba Five. He received an address of welcome from the House of Representatives. Devoy became a journalist for the New York Herald and was active in Clan na Gael. Under Devoy's leadership, Clan na Gael became the central Irish republican organisation in the United States. In 1877, he aligned the organisation with the Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland.

In 1875, Devoy and John Boyle O'Reilly organised the escape of six Fenians from Fremantle Prison in Western Australia aboard the Catalpa. In 1879, Devoy returned to Ireland to inspect Fenian centres and met Charles Kickham, John O'Leary and Michael Davitt en route in Paris; he convinced Davitt and Charles Stewart Parnell to co-operate in the "New Departure" during the growing Land War.

Secret War
Devoy's fundraising efforts and work to sway Irish-Americans to support violent nationalism during World War I included attempts to assist the Easter Rising in 1916. In 1914, Patrick Pearse visited the elderly Devoy in America, and later the same year, Roger Casement worked with Devoy in raising money for guns to arm the Irish Volunteers. Pearse, who was very impressed by Devoy's long and selfless dedication to the cause of Irish independence. In the written program for the burial of the Fenian leader O'Donovan Rossa Pearse referred to Devoy "as the greatest Fenian of them all".

At the declaration of war between Britain and Germany on 14 August 1914, Casement and Devoy arranged a meeting in New York between the Western Hemisphere's top-ranking German diplomat, Count Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff, and a delegation of Clan-na-Gael men. The Clan delegates proposed a mutually beneficial plan: if Germany would sell guns to the Irish rebels and provide military leaders, the rebels would revolt against Britain, diverting troops and attention from the war with Germany. Bernstorff listened with evident sympathy and promised to relay the proposal to Berlin. Devoy decided to communicate directly with Berlin. At the time, Britain held control of the seas; within days of the start of the war it had cut the transatlantic cable. It would be necessary to send an envoy to deliver the message personally.

John Kenny, president of the New York Clan na Gael, was sent. After meeting the German ambassador in Rome and presenting Devoy's plan, Kenny met in Germany with Count von Bülow. He then travelled to Dublin where he told Tom Clarke and other members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood of the arrangement, and carried back to Devoy the IRB's wishlist for guns, money, and military leaders. The details of Kenny's mission were later published in The Gaelic American. Though he was sceptical of the endeavour, Devoy financed and supported Casement's expedition to Germany to enlist German aid in the struggle to free Ireland from British rule, including Casement's Irish Brigade. Nervous of Casement's companion Adler Christensen, whom he discovered was a fraudster, and of Casement's decision to put the Irish Brigade at the Germans' disposal in Turkey, Devoy advised Casement to return to the US, advice which was ignored.

In 1915, Joseph Plunkett visited Devoy in the United States and Casement and diplomats in Germany. Plunkett informed Devoy that the German General Staff was cooperating and that a rising would take place soon. The inference was that Ireland would remain independent if Germany helped the coming Easter Rising by supplying guns and expertise and an attack on Britain simultaneous with the Rising. These guns were supplied, in the SS Libau; Devoy was blamed by the leaders of the Rising for failing to follow instructions that the guns should arrive on Easter Sunday, set for the start of the Rising. The IRB men sent to meet the Libau drove off a pier in the dark and were drowned, and the ship was scuttled by its captain and the guns sent to the bottom of the sea. Casement was captured as a result of the same mistiming.

In 1916, Devoy played an important role in the formation of the Clan-dominated Friends of Irish Freedom at the third Irish Race Convention, a propaganda organisation whose membership totalled at one point 275,000. The Friends supported Woodrow Wilson for the presidency in 1916 because of his policy of American neutrality in the world war. Fearful of accusations of disloyalty for their co-operation with Germans and opposition to the United States' entering the war on the side of Great Britain, the Friends lowered their profile after April 1917, when America entered the war. With the end of the war, Devoy played a key role in the Friends' advocacy for self-determination for Ireland, in line with Wilson's "Fourteen Points", as distinct from recognition by the United States of the sovereignty of the newly declared Irish Republic. Wilson did not guarantee recognition of the Republic, as declared in 1916 and reaffirmed in the popular election in 1918. American-Irish republicans challenged the Friends' refusal to campaign for American recognition of the Irish Republic.

Devoy and the Friends' Daniel F. Cohalan became the key players in a transatlantic dispute with de facto Irish president Éamon de Valera, who toured the United States in 1919 and 1920 in hopes of gaining US recognition of the Republic and American funds. Devoy was scathingly critical of De Valera's visit, saying of him, "This half-breed Jew has done me more harm in the last two years than the English have been able to do during my whole life." Believing that the Americans should follow Irish policy, de Valera formed the American Association for the Recognition of the Irish Republic in 1920 with help from the Philadelphia Clan na Gael. Devoy, who was suspicious of de Valera, had enormous admiration for Michael Collins, whom Devoy referred to as "Ireland's Fighting Chief". Diplomatic recognition was not yet forthcoming, and Irish-American groups refused to support Wilson. $5.5m was raised to aid the new Irish nation.

Personal life
Devoy never married and had no children. Around 1866, he became engaged to Eliza Kenny, the daughter of a local farmer. However, Devoy's arrest, conviction and subsequent transportation meant the marriage did not go ahead. Kenny waited for Devoy's return, but she eventually married Thomas Kilmurry in 1884.

When Devoy returned to Ireland in 1924, Kenny, who was then an elderly widow, contacted Devoy's relatives in Dublin. Devoy had been under the assumption that Kenny had died, but that was actually Kenny's sister. After not having seen each other for 58 years, Devoy visited Kenny, who was living with her niece in Naas. Devoy and Kenny continued correspondence after his return to the United States, up until her death in 1927, aged 81.

Later life and death
Devoy was editor of The Gaelic American from 1903 until his death.

He supported the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty and the formation of the Irish Free State during the Irish Civil War. In 1924, Devoy triumphantly returned to Ireland as an honoured guest of the Cumann na nGaedheal Government of W. T. Cosgrave.

Devoy died from natural causes on 29 September 1928, aged 86, while visiting Atlantic City, New Jersey. His death caused widespread mourning. His body was returned to Ireland where a state funeral was held. He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery in June 1929.

Devoy Barracks in Naas, County Kildare was named for him and housed the Irish Army Apprentice School from 1956 until its closure in 1998.

A large memorial to him stands on the road between his native Kill and Johnstown. On 25 October 2016, a statue of Devoy was unveiled in Poplar Square, Naas, County Kildare.

Resources

 * Devoy, John. John Devoy's Catalpa Expedition (ISBN 0-8147-2748-4)
 * Devoy, John. The Land of Eire: The Irish Land League, Its Origin, Progress and Consequences (New York: Patterson and Neilson, 1882).
 * Devoy, John. 1929. Recollections of an Irish rebel. New York: Chase D. Young Company.
 * Irish Rebel: John Devoy and America's Fight for Ireland's Freedom, by Terry Golway, St. Martin's Griffin, 1999 (ISBN 0-312-19903-1).
 * Kenny, Kevin. The Irish in America: A History, (New York: Person Education Ltd., 2000), p. 173
 * Miller, Kerby. Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 542–543

title: John Devoy


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DCLP

DCLP may refer to:

 * Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri
 * Double-checked locking pattern

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: DCLP


text:
Talk:Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

Untitled

 * Why is it that the world never remembered the name of Johann Gambolputty de von Ausfern- schplenden- schlitter- crasscrenbon- fried- digger- dingle- dangle- dongle- dungle- burstein- von- knacker- thrasher- apple- banger- horowitz- ticolensic- grander- knotty- spelltinkle- grandlich- grumblemeyer- spelterwasser- kurstlich- himbleeisen- bahnwagen- gutenabend- bitte- ein- nürnburger- bratwustle- gerspurten- mitz- weimache- luber- hundsfut- gumberaber- shönedanker- kalbsfleisch- mittler- aucher von Hautkopft of Ulm? Category 13:54, 18 July 2005 (UTC) ...

... And yet the world may remember of ... ... Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein --- Head of the house of Oldenburg. RCNesland (talk) 07:39, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

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Everybody Loves a Lover

"Everybody Loves a Lover" is a popular song which was a hit single for Doris Day in 1958. Its lyricist, Richard Adler, and its composer, Robert Allen, were both best known for collaborations with other partners. The music Allen composed, aside from this song, was usually for collaborations with Al Stillman, and Adler wrote the lyrics after the 1955 death of his usual composing partner, Jerry Ross.

Background and Doris Day recording
The song's genesis was a comment made to Adler by his lawyer: "You know what Shakespeare said: 'All the world loves a lover.'" (In fact, this was a misattribution of a quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson.) Adler and Allen quickly wrote "Everybody Loves a Lover" in New York City. Doris Day and Adler knew each other through Day's having starred in the film version of The Pajama Game whose songs Adler and Ross had written (originally for the stage musical version of The Pajama Game), and Day had mentioned to Adler that she was looking for a new novelty song to record and Allen on a visit to Los Angeles presented "Everybody Loves a Lover" for consideration by Day, her husband-manager Marty Melcher, and Mitch Miller, who headed Columbia Records, for which company Day recorded. Although Day, Melcher and Miller all saw the song's potential as a hit for Day, Melcher made Day's recording of "Everybody Loves a Lover" conditional on the song's copyright being granted to Artists Music, the publishing firm he owned with Day – a condition to which Allen was not agreeable. However, after a few days, Melcher phoned Allen to say that Day would record the song without her and Melcher acquiring its publishing rights.

Day recorded "Everybody Loves a Lover" in May 1958 with Frank DeVol producing and Earl Palmer on drums. Issued as Columbia catalog number 41195, "Everybody Loves a Lover" first reached the Billboard magazine charts on July 21, 1958. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at number 6; on the Best Seller chart, at number 17; and on the Hot 100 composite chart, it reached number 14. The Doris Day version is noteworthy for the third verse, in which, through overdubbing, the first four lines of verse 2 are superimposed on the first four lines of verse 1, creating a counterpoint duet. The two segments end on the same word, "Pollyanna", sung in harmony. The song was Day's last big charting hit in the US, although she would hit number 4 in 1964 in the UK with the title song of her then-current movie Move Over, Darling. The Doris Day version of "Everybody Loves a Lover" was used in the soundtrack for the BBC's period drama Call the Midwife.

The Shirelles version and rock and roll remakes
"Everybody Loves a Lover" was remade by the Shirelles in 1962, reaching #19 in January 1963: this version, the group's final collaboration with producer Luther Dixon, replicates the backbeat and instrumentation of the Barbara George hit "I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)".

Cash Box described it as "a contagious New Orleans-styled shuffle showcase," saying that "the gals (and the instrumentalists) polish it off in sparkling style."

Besides concurrent covers for the UK market by both the Undertakers and Cliff Bennett, the Shirelles' version of "Everybody Loves a Lover" was also the template for the Sandie Shaw version recorded for her 1965 Sandie album, and also the Peaches and Herb version recorded for their 1967 album For Your Love. Also a live performance by Beryl Marsden of "Everybody Loves a Lover" with the Shirelles' version's arrangement was recorded at the Cavern Club in June 1963 and released on the multi-artist album At The Cavern released 1964. Checkmates, Ltd. released a version of the song as part of a medley on their 1967 debut album, Live! At Caesar's Palace. Guy Mitchell also recorded the song in 1960.

Remakes - pop music
In its original traditional pop format, "Everybody Loves a Lover" has also been recorded by The Angels (whose 1962 version bubbled under the Hot 100 with a #103 peak), Alice Babs (as "Den som glad är" Swedish), Chisu (as "Kellä Kulta, Sillä Onni" Finnish), Sacha Distel (as "Dis! O Dis!" French), Nana Gualdi (as "Junge Leute Brauchen Liebe" German), Jan Howard, Laila Kinnunen (as "Kellä Kulta, Sillä Onni" Finnish), Lill-Babs (as "Den som glad är" Swedish), Angélica María (as "Vivaracho" Spanish), Guy Mitchell, Jane Morgan, Line Renaud (as "Dis! O Dis!" French), and Keely Smith. In 2010 Australian singer Melinda Schneider recorded the song for her Doris Day tribute album Melinda Does Doris. Instrumental versions have been recorded by Joe Loss and Shirley Scott.

On 19 November 2015 a remake of "Everybody Loves a Lover" by Scott Dreier and Jane Monheit was made available for download at the Doris Day Animal Foundation website in return for a $5 donation, all donations thus raised going in their entirety to the Doris Day Animal Foundation, the song's publishers as well as the artists having waived any royalties. Recorded at EastWest Studios, the track is a preview of Dreier's upcoming tribute CD The Doris Day Project.

title: Everybody Loves a Lover


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District Council of Kimba

The District Council of Kimba is a local government area located on the northern Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. The district is mostly agricultural in nature, with the township of Kimba being the focal point of the district. With a number of towns positioned close to the Gawler Ranges, the district receives a modest amount of attention from tourists, who also stop by to see Kimba's Big Galah.

History
Pastoralists began colonising the area that would become the district in the early 1900s without many essential facilities such as road and water supplies. In 1913 the Port Lincoln Railway was extended to a new siding named 'Kimba', and two years later, the town of Kimba was officially proclaimed.

With new settlers to the area, the need for basic facilities was growing, the Kimba Vigilance Committee was established to lobby for the provision of these facilities. In 1925, the District Council of Kimba was established.

Since 1925, the district has grown in size, with a number of areas being added during 1936–1937, and again in 1967.

Localities
The district's focal point is the town and council seat of Kimba; it also includes the localities of Barna, Cootra, Cortlinye, Cunyarie, Kelly, Moseley, Panitya, Solomon, Wilcherry and Yalanda, and part of Buckleboo, Caralue, Lake Gilles, Koongawa, Pinkawillinie and Waddikee.

Facilities
The district has most essential facilities available including service stations, automotive repairers, laundromat, learning and business centre, accommodation, supermarkets, speciality shops, and many eating facilities.

Other community services include a medical centre, a hospital, a library and school

Mayors and chairmen of Kimba

 * Frank Roy Ferry (1930–1948)
 * Alfred Charles Frick (1948-1950)
 * Clifford Hamlet Richard Martin (1950-1957)
 * Arthur Erwin Schaefer (1957-1965)
 * Kenneth Charles Yates (1965-1967)
 * Glen Gordon Cant (1967–1976)
 * Hiram Kenneth Mayfield (1976–1980)
 * Leo John Schaefer (1980–1984)

title: District Council of Kimba


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Barry Andrews (politician)

Barry Andrews (born 16 May 1967) is an Irish politician who serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Dublin constituency. He is a member of Fianna Fáil, part of Renew Europe. He previously served as Minister of State for Children from 2008 to 2011. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency from 2002 to 2011.

The Andrews family have a long connection with Fianna Fáil. Before entering political life, Andrews was a secondary school teacher. He was the Director-General of the Dublin-based Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA), a partly Irish State-funded EU think tank, since 2017. He was CEO of GOAL from 2012 to 2016, during which the agency grew from a turnover of €60m to more than €150m. He announced his resignation to allow for ‘a fresh start in terms of leadership’ in October 2016 in the wake of a fraud in the charity that was discovered in March 2016.

Early career and personal life
He was born in Dublin and was educated at Blackrock College. He attended university at University College Dublin (UCD). He worked as a secondary school teacher in Dublin from 1991 until 1997, working in Ballyfermot Senior College, Sutton Park School and Bruce College. While a secondary school teacher, he studied law at King's Inns and qualified as a barrister in 1997. He was called to the Bar in 1997 and practiced as a barrister until 2003.

He is married and has two sons and a daughter. His brother, David McSavage is a comedian, and he is a first cousin of former RTÉ television and radio presenter Ryan Tubridy.

On 31 January 2011, in the run up to the general election, Andrews was named Health spokesman by the party leader, Micheál Martin. He lost his seat at the general election.

Political career
Andrews was first elected to public office in the June 1999 local elections as a Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Councillor. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 2002 general election. Andrews comes from a family with strong political connections. His grandfather, Todd Andrews, fought in the War of Independence and became a founder-member of Fianna Fáil, and his grandmother, Mary Coyle, was a member of Cumann na mBan. Andrews's father, David Andrews served as a TD from 1965 to 2002 and is a former Foreign Minister, while his uncle, Niall Andrews, was a former Fianna Fáil TD and MEP and his cousin, Chris Andrews (son of Niall Andrews), has been a Sinn Féin TD since 2020 (having previously served as a Fianna Fáil TD from 2007 to 2011). In April 2018, Andrews was described as "part of Fianna Fáil royalty".

In June 2006, Andrews led a group of Fianna Fáil backbenchers in an unsuccessful attempt to establish a backbench committee to influence government policy. At the 2007 general election, Andrews retained his seat in Dún Laoghaire with 8,587 votes.

Minister of State for Children
Andrews was appointed Minister of State for Children in May 2008. As Minister, he framed the Government response to the Ryan Report on Institutional Abuse. This included an Implementation Plan that delivered an additional 200 social workers for the HSE Child and Family Services. In April 2009, Andrews introduced the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Scheme, which provided, for the first time, free universal access to pre-school education. The scheme benefited 65,000 children in 2013.

After the release of the Murphy Report into child abuse in the Dublin diocese in November 2009, Andrews, speaking at a conference in Dublin Castle, said it would be "amazing" if there were no consequences for people who were the subject of adverse findings in the report. Asked about the position of the Bishop of Limerick, Donal Murray, the Minister said, "I think it's everybody's view that if adverse findings are made against an individual in a commission of inquiry then it would be amazing that there be no consequences for them.". Bishop Murray subsequently apologised to survivors and resigned from office.

In December 2009, Andrews oversaw the introduction of government policy to lower the legal age of consent to 16. Citing a Joint Oireachtas Committee on the Constitution report which recommended the legal age be reduced to 16 from the current 17. Andrews expressed the view the existing laws were "inappropriate" and out of touch with the modern reality of sexual relations between young people, and promised to publish legislation to change the age of Consent to 16. He noted that Ireland and Malta were "the only countries in Europe with an age of consent of 17". However, the law was not passed by the Oireachtas before the 2011 Irish general election in which Fianna Fáil ceded power to a Fine Gael-Labour coalition.

Children's referendum
In September 2012, he was appointed Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the children's referendum.

European Parliament
In February 2019, he was selected as the Fianna Fáil candidate for the Dublin constituency at the 2019 European Parliament election. He was elected in May 2019 receiving 14.1% of the 1st preference votes, but as the fourth candidate elected he did not take his seat until after the UK left the European Union on 31 January 2020.

In June 2023, Andrews was the recipient of the Defence, Security and Space Award at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.

Barry Andrews is a member of the Committee on International Development, the Committee on International Trade, the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, the Delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Partnership Assembly, the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Assembly and the Delegation for relations with South Africa. His contributions to the International Trade committee have included his work on the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) where he was a rapporteur.

Andrews is a founder member of the European Parliament's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Alliance. Andrews also founded the Brussels-Belfast Forum with members of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

He was appointed EU Chief Observer for the 2023 Nigerian Federal and State elections by High Representative Vice President Josep Borrell. A report on the election was subsequently produced highlighting that the election was marred by a lack of transparency, public mistrust in the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), violence, and vote buying, stressing the need for comprehensive electoral reforms.

Andrews was re-elected to the European Parliament at the 2024 European Parliament election.

Non-political career
In November 2012, Andrews was appointed chief executive of the Irish aid charity GOAL, replacing the retiring founder John O'Shea. In October 2016, Andrews resigned from GOAL after it was revealed that other senior executives of Goal had been involved in "large-scale fraud", though there was no suggestion that he himself was involved in the scandal. In October 2017, the new CEO of GOAL announced a deficit of €31.6 million due to the fraud but said that it would survive after "one of the most challenging years" in its 40-year history.

In March 2017, Andrews was appointed as Director-General of the Irish State-supported EU think tank and advocacy body, the Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA), with the Chairperson of the IIEA, former Leader of the Labour Party, Ruairi Quinn, describing Andrews as having the "political and administrative skills" of value to the IIEA.

title: Barry Andrews (politician)


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Tanglin Police Division

The Tanglin Police Division (or  'E' Division) is one of the seven land divisions of the Singapore Police Force. Tanglin Division oversees the safety and security of the central region in Singapore. The division's policing jurisdiction covers several areas which include residential estates, schools, hospitals, hotels, embassies, as well as iconic buildings such as the Istana and the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation. The division is also responsible for upholding law and order in popular retail and entertainment districts such as Orchard Road and Clarke Quay.

The Tanglin Division Headquarters was formerly located at 17 Napier Road and the building was officially opened on 3 June 1981 by then Minister for Home Affairs, Mr Chua Sian Chin. As part of continual efforts to modernise the Force, Tanglin Division Headquarters was relocated on 6 May 2001 to its current premises at 21 Kampong Java Road.

History
Tanglin Division was headquartered at Orchard Police Station in the Orchard Road area, before moving to Tanglin Police Station at 17 Napier Road, Singapore 258506 between Orchard Road and the Botanical Gardens in 1980. Tanglin Police Station was opened by the then Minister for Home Affairs, Mr Chua Sian Chin, in June 1981. When the Toa Payoh Police Division was closed in 1988, 'E' Division took over half its areas of control while Ang Mo Kio Police Division took over the rest.

With the implementation of the NPC system in July 2001, the headquarters was moved to its present site at 21 Kampong Java Road, Singapore 228892 on 6 May 2001.

Establishments

 * Tanglin Division HQ
 * Bishan Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Bishan Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Thomson Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Bukit Timah Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * River Valley Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Kim Seng Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Kampong Java Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Whitley Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Moulmein Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Cairnhill Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Whampoa Extended Police Post
 * Orchard Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Toa Payoh Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Boon Teck Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Kim Keat Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Potong Pasir Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Aljunied Neighbourhood Police Post

title: Tanglin Police Division


text:
Talk:Blue rose

Untitled
Bouquet of Blue Roses were an Irish Goth Band — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.107.157.114 (talk) 11:45, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

"Mystery"?
If blue roses didn't exist until 2004, how could they "traditionaly signify mystery"? --81.136.195.168 13:59, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Something doesn't need to exist to be considered a mystery: all that's needed is that people traditionaly talk about it this way if only in tales or legends. Dragons traditionaly signify power, fire, or greed; succubi and incubi traditionaly signify lust or sexuality - even though they never existed.

My guess would be that long ago, people found other flowers that were blue - hence .. the mystery of the blue rose .. [[User:Ufoome] 11/10/05

White roses were dyed blue, much as white carnations.

The Blue rose is a mythological symbol, something florists have tried for centuries to cultivate. I know of a Discover magazine with more information on them: when I find it in my library, I'll add its information to the article.

Basically, they were "mystery" because no one could figure out how to breed one naturally. You had to dye them from white, so they were an enigma. ♠ P  M  C  ♠ 05:29, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

David Lynch reinforces the symbolism of the blue rose signifying mystery in Fire Walk With Me by having a character enigmatically describe certain FBI investigations as "blue rose cases", subsequently refusing to explain what this designation indicates. Asat 09:39, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Meaning of the blue rose
After I had a very nice, very confusing dream involving a blue rose, I decided to look around the Internets and see what exactly my subconcious was saying. I found multiple meanings for the blue rose--divine love, fantasy, the impossible, mystery, miracles, new possibilities, caution, and an appreciation for the enigmatic. Should we outline these meanings as well or leave them be? --Kiwi 21:29, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Jimmy Nail song
Jimmy Nail did a song on his album 'Crocodile Shoes II' called Blue Roses, where he sings; Blue roses will blossom in the snow, before I ever let you go, Blue roses will grow up to the sky, before I ever make you cry... I think the song also mentions this is from a nursery rhyme. Does anyone know what it is? I also get the feeling the song could be a cover. --JaffaCakeLover 14:47, 21 November 2006 (GMT)

Blue Rose and Baba Yaga
It might be some kind of urban legend or popular-science myth that in Slavic mythology Baba Yaga drinks tea made of blue roses and rewards heroes who bring blue roses to her. Though this statement is largely copied over English-speaking internet, it causes perplexity in Russian part of it (for example, here: ). There is no direct source of such information and maybe the same article is the main source of the myth. One possible explanation of the legend is given here: where it is stated that there was a computer game in the beginning of 1990s where indeed one of the NPC's was called Baba Yaga and could give a prize to a player if a player had delivered a blue rose to this NPC. A.I.K. (talk) 11:54, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Anime Section
Does anyone else feel this section is becoming subject for anyone to add their random two cents? For example, I don't particularly see the significance of a blue rose appearing in the opening for season 2 of Death Note. You wouldn't also add that an apple, the moon, candy, etc also appears. 99.129.212.246 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 16:06, 28 December 2008 (UTC).

Blue roses and police wives
The blue rose has been adopted as a symbol of the wives and girlfriends of law enforcement officers. - www.policewives.org

Genetics
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/3329213/Worlds-first-blue-roses-after-20-years-of-research.html looks like the intro needs to be reformulated :(--SidiLemine 22:47, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Burgundy?
From the article:

 * Obtaining the exact hue was difficult because amounts of the pigment cyanidin were still present, so the rose was darker in color — burgundy — than true blue

Okay...what??? How is burgundy (dark red) "darker in color than true blue" and not an altogether different hue (let alone exact hue)? Was citing burgundy a mistake (typo?), or is the statement just totally misleading? I would certainly consider it an understatement that "genetic engineers had difficulty getting the exact hue of true blue", if they ended up with dark red instead. I would consider it outright misleading to say that burgundy is "darker in color" than true blue. Its not darker, its the wrong color altogether! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.112.85.245 (talk) 12:19, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

Blood +
I think blood + should be added to television as the blue rose is somewhat of a plot device as its shown throughout the first season, expecially as Divas signature flower, I'd add it myself but I'm not that articulate with my writing. 219.88.193.172 (talk) 15:49, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Missing reference
Under "Cultural Significance" the article says something about the blue rose referencing royal blood, but the reference given in the following sentence doesn't support that claim, and neither does the article "Blue Flower" also mentioned also "See also". Misinformation? --213.160.54.117 (talk) 22:17, 25 February 2019 (UTC)

Aladdin
I believe the aladdin links in the "in television" section needs to point to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aladdin_%28TV_series%29 and not just http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aladdin but i don't know, nor do i want to waste time learning how to do it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.170.46.147 (talk) 01:58, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Blue Roses Band
I suspect that the bit under Music about a band called a Bouquet of Blue Roses needs to be deleted-- I cannot find any reference to anything like this anywhere other than this very article, and it's not cited, besides. 74.65.140.212 (talk) 20:33, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Could not find anything either so have deleted this entry AIR corn (talk) 23:37, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

Contemporary Culture
The unreferenced contemporary culture section is getting long and a little random. Don't really want to delete the whole section, but would there be any complaints about shortening it or moving it to its own page. AIR corn (talk) 02:40, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Removed lots and put the rest into prose, adding refs when I could find them AIR corn (talk) 12:09, 5 November 2010 (UTC)

Pan's Labyrinth
I can find no evidence that the rose in Pan's Labyrinth is blue. In the original Castilian, it is referred to as "black and rough", and it doesn't seem to be referred to by any colour in the English subtitles. Inconspicuous Flaneur (talk) 11:41, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

My mistake; the rose is noticeably blue. Inconspicuous Flaneur (talk) 20:07, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

Blue roses
Blue roses mean sadness 2601:587:4200:38D0:C9AC:AF2D:B3AF:E2D4 (talk) 23:38, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

Big Blue roses?
How come IBM isn't even mentioned in this article? 92.249.156.26 (talk) 22:15, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

 * what is zone for blue rose? 198.161.9.107 (talk) 01:00, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blue rose


text:
Kwannam

Kwannam, or Gwannam, is a subregion of Kwanbuk, a region of Korea, in the northeast of the peninsula. Kwannam traditionally encompasses South Hamgyŏng Province and Wŏnsan and Munch'ŏn Cities and Ch'ŏnnae, Pŏptong, Kosan, and Anbyŏn Counties of Kangwŏn Province in North Korea.

Etymology
The region occupies most of South Hamgyong Province, so is often referred to as Hamnam (함남) as an abbreviation for the region's primary province. The name Kwannam, however, means "south of the ridge", in reference to the Mach'ŏnryŏng ridge, a part of the greater Hamgyong Mountains, that runs through South Hamgyong.

title: Kwannam


text: Talk:Kwannam

title: Talk:Kwannam


text:
Teocalli

A teocalli (Nahuatl: "God-house") is a Mesoamerican pyramid surmounted by a temple. The pyramid is terraced, and some of the most important religious rituals in Pre-Columbian Mexico took place in the temple at the top of the pyramid.

The famous, although no longer extant, Aztec Huey Teocalli ("Great Temple," Spanish, Templo Mayor) was located next to what is now Mexico City's main square, the Zócalo. A famous 1848 painting by Emanuel Leutze depicts The Storming of Teocalli by Cortez and his Troops, which Leutze painted four years before his classic Washington Crossing the Delaware. One of the Cuban poet José María Heredia's best-known poems is titled En el teocalli de Cholula.

In contemporary culture
The term is also used in a modern context by Chicano people involved in the Native American Church. Chicano chapters of the Native American Church refer to the organization as a "teocalli."

title: Teocalli


text: Talk:Kwanbuk

title: Talk:Kwanbuk


text:
Finn (2000 AD)

Finn is a fictional pagan warlock eco-terrorist created by Pat Mills. He first appeared in British fortnightly anthology comic Crisis in 1989 in the strip Third World War and later moved to an eponymous series in 2000 AD after Crisis was cancelled in 1991.

Publication history
The character was popular but the series ended in 1996. According to David Bishop the reason the character was suspended was due to concerns that he was in danger of duplicating the appeal of Mills's Sláine. Mills has speculated that part of the reason was because some readers were complaining in the letters page about Finn "being a sinister witch and saying his authentic pagan practices were a bad example to readers".

Plot summary
Finn is the alias of Paul Phillips. In Third World War it is established that Paul was once a soldier in the British Army stationed in Northern Ireland, but he deserted to become Finn, an eco-terrorist fighting to save the planet from multi-national corporations. Third World War began as a relatively realistic story set in 2000, with very little in the way of fantasy or science fiction elements, but that changed as Finn became more prominent.

In the eponymous strip in 2000 AD it emerged that the leaders of the corporations were in fact a secret society of powerful aliens called Newts. In this strip Finn was a mini-cab driver in Plymouth by day, and a white witch fighting the aliens by night. He used military equipment alongside magical items such as the Hand of Glory.

Reprints

 * "Finn Book 1" (in Classic 2000 AD #13-14, 1996; Judge Dredd Megazine #329, 2012)
 * Third World War Book One (Rebellion Developments, January 7, 2020) ISBN 978-1781087510
 * Third World War Book Two: Back to Babylon (Rebellion Developments, January 5, 2021) ISBN 978-1781089293

title: Finn (2000 AD)


text:
Colenso

Colenso may refer to:

People

 * Elizabeth Fairburn Colenso, wife of William Colenso
 * Frances Colenso (1849–1887), historian, daughter of John William Colenso
 * Harriette Colenso, Anglican missionary, daughter of John William Colenso
 * John Colenso (1814–1883), first Anglican bishop of Natal, mathematician, theologian, Biblical scholar and social activist
 * William Colenso (1811–1899), missionary, botanist and politician in New Zealand

Other

 * Battle of Colenso, 1899, during the Second Boer War
 * Colenso, KwaZulu-Natal, town in eastern South Africa
 * Colenso Power Station
 * Colenso Parade, alternative rock band from Belfast, Northern Ireland

title: Colenso


text:
List of GM bellhousing patterns

The following is a list of GM bellhousing patterns. Though General Motors has manufactured many different engines, it has kept variance in the bell housing patterns to a relative minimum.

Chevrolet V8 pattern
This was so named because it began with Chevrolet's V8 engines.
 * Chevrolet big-block V8s
 * Chevrolet small-block V8s
 * GM Vortec 4300 90° V6
 * GM Iron Duke RWD inline 4 (early RWD Variants, later versions may use a FWD pattern, and have two possible starter locations)
 * Jeep with GM Iron Duke inline 4 2.5L/151 in³ (1980-1983). These use a Chrysler custom Torqueflite 904 automatic transmission with an integral Chevrolet bellhousing. Do not confuse with later AMC 2.5 L engine that uses GM small corporate pattern (see below).
 * Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine (post-1962)
 * Chevrolet 153 Inline 4 (Chevy II, pre-Iron-Duke - includes the Vortec 3000/181 industrial/marine crate motor)
 * Detroit Diesel V8 6.2L and 6.5L
 * Duramax V8
 * Generation III V8s with modifications. These modifications include an additional bolt hole at the top of the pattern, and attachment points for cast oil pans to lower bellhousing extensions, to reduce NVH.

GM metric pattern

 * Also called the GM small corporate pattern and the S10 pattern

This pattern has a distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape. Rear wheel drive applications have the starter mounted on the right side of the block (when viewed from the flywheel) and on the opposite side of the block compared to front wheel drive installations. The 2.2l S10/Sonoma had the starter located in the same position as front wheel drive cars. A rear wheel drive bellhousing is displayed at right, and the integrated front wheel drive bellhousing is displayed at the lower right (in this case, as a part of the GM 6T70 Transmission).
 * GM 60-Degree 2.8/3.1/3.4/3.5/3.9 L V6 (also used by AMC)
 * Buick 3300/3800 V6
 * Cadillac HT4100/4.5/4.9 L V8
 * Isuzu all 3.2 and 3.5L DOHC V6
 * AMC/Chrysler 2.5L I4 found in Jeep Cherokee, Comanche, Wagoneer, CJ and Wrangler and Dodge Dakota
 * GM Iron Duke/Tech-4 2.5L I4
 * GM "122" 1.8/2.0/2.2 L I4
 * GM 5.3L LS4 V8
 * GM High Value engine

Northstar pattern
Nearly identical to the GM small corporate/metric pattern, except that the starter is located between the cylinder banks, and the lower right bolt hole is moved outward by roughly one inch. Being nearly identical, it too has the distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape. These engines can be fitted in rear wheel drive vehicles with the right bellhousing and are used in hot rods, kit cars, sand rails and late model engine swaps.
 * All Cadillac Northstar V8s
 * Oldsmobile Aurora L47 V8
 * GM 3.5L LX5 "Short Star" V6

Atlas pattern
Atlas family engines use a unique bellhousing pattern which no other GM motors share.
 * GM Atlas engine

Pre 1964 Buick and Rover V-8 Round pattern

 * 1961 through 1963 Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac 215 Aluminum V-8
 * 1962 through 1963 Buick 198 Fireball V6
 * 1967 through 2004 Rover V-8 based on the GM 215

Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac (BOP) V8 pattern

 * Post-1965 Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac RWD V8s
 * Buick Big Blocks and post-1963 Small Block V8s
 * Buick pre-3800 90° RWD V6s
 * Jeep "Dauntless" 225 in³ oddfire V6 (1967-1974) and Buick 350 V8 (1969-1970)
 * Cadillac cast iron V8s after 1967 (1968-85 472 and 500, 368 and 425)
 * Starters are on the left (driver's) side on Olds 307-455 and Pontiac and the right (passenger) side on Cadillac 425/472/500 and Buick 225/231/3800/300/340/350/400/430/455.

Four bolt holes and two locator pins are common to the Chevrolet, and B-O-P patterns. Some transmissions, most notably the TH200-4R, take advantage of this by integrating both specifications into a "universal" bolt pattern casting.

Cadillac V8 pattern, pre-1967
Early Cadillacs manufactured before 1965 used a "round top" bellhousing very similar to early Buicks; around 1965, the bellhousing pattern was revised until the BOP bolt pattern was adopted in 1968.

GM 4-cylinder pattern

 * GM Quad-4 family

GM Ecotec 4-cylinder pattern
An example of this pattern can be seen to the right.
 * GM Ecotec family (Generation I and II)
 * GM LLT and late High Feature family

GM Ecotec Generation III pattern
The completely re-engineered Generation III Ecotec includes a new uniquely shaped bellhousing pattern.

GM High Feature V6 pattern

 * Cadilac 2.8

title: List of GM bellhousing patterns


text:
User talk:Bdiah

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 14:04, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Bdiah


text:
Ground pine

Ground pine or ground-pine may refer to:
 * Ajuga, a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, with most species native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; also, specifically:
 * Ajuga chamaepitys, also known as yellow bugle, native to Europe, the Eastern part of the Mediterranean, and North Africa
 * Diphasiastrum complanatum (syn. Lycopodium complanatum), also known as northern running-pine, a species of clubmoss native to dry coniferous forests throughout the Holarctic Kingdom
 * Dendrolycopodium, a genus of clubmosses in the family Lycopodiaceae, a family of fern-allies; also, specifically:
 * Dendrolycopodium obscurum, also known as princess pine, native to eastern North America

title: Ground pine


text:
Karl, Freiherr von Prel

Karl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Freiherr von Prel, or, in French, Carl Ludwig August Friedrich Maximilian Alfred, Baron du Prel (3 April 1839 Landshut, Germany – 4 August 1899 Heiligkreuz, Austria), was a German philosopher and writer on mysticism and the occult. In the literature it has become customary to refer to him under various abbreviated French forms of his name, usually "Carl Du Prel," "Baron Carl Du Prel," or simply "Baron Du Prel."

Biography
He was born at Landshut. After studying at the University of Munich he served in the Bavarian army from 1859 to 1872, when he retired with the rank of captain. He then gave himself up to philosophical work, especially in connection with the phenomena of hypnotism and occultism from the modern psychological standpoint. In 1868 he received the degree of doctor from the University of Tübingen in recognition of a treatise on the psychology of dreams (Oneirokritikon. Der Traum vom Standpunkt des transcendentalen Idealismus). Following this achievement, he became something of a protege to Eduard von Hartmann, promoting and vigorously defending his work Philosophy of the Unconscious(1869).

Du Prel sought to combine early parapsychological research and Kantian transcendental idealism to argue that mystical experiences were universal and subjective, paralleling a similar argument made by William James. He attempted to deduce the existence of spirit, apart from, and yet entering from time to time into connection with, the phenomena of the senses, by an examination of the relation between the ego of thought and the age of sensible experience as understood by Immanuel Kant.

In Der Kampf ums Dasein am Himmel, Du Prel endeavoured to apply the Darwinian doctrine of biological evolution not only to the sphere of consciousness but also even more widely as the philosophical principle of the world. He was one of a large number of German thinkers who, during the latter half of the nineteenth century, endeavored to treat the mind as a mechanism. His interest in Darwinism was also tied to a belief in extraterrestrial life.

Although today regarded mostly as an obscure figure in the history of occultism, in his own lifetime Du Prel was widely respected as a scientist and philosopher. The fourth edition of Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams (1914) positively cites Du Prel as both a mystic and one whose conclusions parallel and apply Freud's work.

Works

 * Der gesunde Menschenverstand vor den Problemen der Wissenschaft (1872)
 * Der Kampf ums Dasein am Himmel (1874) (republished in 1882 under the title Entwickelungsgeschichte des Weltalls)
 * Die Planetenbewohner and die Nebularhypothese  (1880)
 * Die Philosophie der Mystik (1885)
 * Justinus Kerner und die Seherin von Prevorst (1886)
 * Die monistische Seelenlehre (1888)
 * Die Mystik der alten Griechen (1888)
 * Kants mystische Weltanschauung (1889)
 * Studien aus dem Gebiete der Geheimwissenschaften (1890)
 * Der Spiritismus (1893)
 * Die Entdeckung der Seele durch die Geheimwissenschaften (1894–1895)

title: Karl, Freiherr von Prel


text:
Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course

Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is a road course auto racing facility located in Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States, just outside the village of Lexington. It hosts a number of racing series such as IndyCar, IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, along with other club events such has SCCA and National Auto Sport Association.

There is grandstand seating for 12,000 spectators and three observation mounds alongside the track raise the capacity to over 75,000. Mid-Ohio is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.

The track
The track opened in 1962 as a 16-turn road course run clockwise. After only one year, the "Oak Tree Bend" series of turns (in the northeast corner) was removed due to being too slow. It was replaced by the "Thunder Valley" downhill straight, which remains to the present day. For 1963 and beyond, a 15-turn, 2.40 mi layout was established. The back portion of the track allows speeds approaching 200 mi/h. A separate starting line and flagstand is situated on the backstretch to allow for safer and more competitive rolling starts. The regular start/finish line is located on the pit straight.

In 1990 the track underwent a refurbishment. A new retaining wall was built, the entire track was resurfaced, widened and concrete was paved in the apexes of the turns to prevent asphalt deterioration. In addition, a straightaway segment was paved through the chicane, allowing for two different track layouts, the original 2.40 mi circuit and a new 13-turn, 2.258 mi circuit which bypasses the chicane. Major series including CART/Champ Car, IndyCar, IMSA, and NASCAR have mostly elected to bypass the chicane, while motorcycles and amateur/club racing typically use the 2.4-mile layout (with the chicane).

In 2006 another major refurbishment saw several improvements. The entire circuit was repaved and the concrete patches in the turn apexes were removed. A new motorcycle "short course" was created by connecting turn one with the backstretch and another motorcycle/autocross oval was created by connecting the chicane straight with the backstretch. The additional layouts allow simultaneous use of the multiple courses, for instructional and competitive uses. The improvements also included a motocross facility, that has since been used for the AMA Vintage Motorcycle days event.

In 2019 the ARX came to the track which was the first time rallycross had come to the circuit. The course was a 10-turn, 0.7 mi and utilized the keyhole section of the track.

At the conclusion of the 2023 season, the track was once again fully repaved after utilizing a test section in turn one.

History
The track was opened in 1962 by Les Griebling and several Mansfield-area businessmen as a location for weekend sports car racing. The track originally had 16 turns, with a left turn in what is today known as "thunder valley," but the turn was straightened after just one year of operation due to complaints of the track being too slow. The track hosted Can-am and F5000 through the 1970s and in 1980, it would host its first CART race with Johnny Rutherford taking victory with Chaparral.

In 1982 Mid-Ohio was purchased by Jim Trueman, a renowned road racer and the founder of Red Roof Inns. Trueman added permanent grandstands, amphitheater-style seating, garages with spectator balconies, a five-story media and hospitality center, tunnels and an updated paddock area. In addition, a tall, three-sided scoreboard tower was constructed in the infield, strategically placed such that it was visible from nearly all spectator areas around the track. In 1986 Trueman had died from cancer, making his wife and daughter taking over management for the facility. In 1989 Truman's daughter, Michelle Trueman, was named the president of the circuit in 1989 and saw day-to-day operations of the track.

In 1990 the track underwent a refurbishment. A new retaining wall was built, the entire track was resurfaced, widened, and concrete was paved in the apexes of the turns to prevent asphalt deterioration. In addition, a straightaway was paved through the chicane, allowing for two different track layouts, the original 2.400 mi circuit and a new 13-turn, 2.258 mi circuit.

In 2006 the track again underwent extensive renovation. The track and pit lane were completely resurfaced and connectors were added to the track's famed Keyhole section to allow for three separate road course configurations. Also completed was the removal of concrete patches from the track, the relocation of the wall and guardrail at Turn 1, the expansion of gravel traps at the exits of Turn 1 and the keyhole, the replacement of all remaining old-style catch fencing and the standardization of curbing throughout the circuit. These changes have resulted in a faster, safer, more competitive and attractive facility for drivers, riders and race fans.

On March 2, 2011, it was announced that the track had been purchased from Truesports by Green Savoree Racing Promotions, which also promotes other IndyCar races, ending Truesports' 29 years of ownership.

Race history
The course had first hosted SportsCar racing in 1963 as part of the United States Road Racing Championship. The race was 168 mi and was won by Ken Miles. The race would be held until the race series was folded in 1968, but the race would return as a 6-hour enduro under the IMSA GT championship in 1972. The track would also hold the U.S. Formula 5000 series from 1970 to 1976 and was replaced by the revived Can-Am series in 1977–1980. The track continued to host IMSA GT until 1993, and would not return until 2000 with Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series. The track would also add the American Le Mans series the next year. The track continued to host the two series until 2012 when ALMS dropped the race, Grand-Am would follow suit the next year. In 2018, track would host the WeatherTech SportsCar championship.

Mid-Ohio would host its first CART race in 1980 as a 156 mi, 65 lap race. There would be a brief hiatus as the race would not return until 1983, and the race would be extended as a 200 mi race. CART appeared annually until 2003, when CART president Chris Pook hinted at dropping Mid-Ohio from the CART schedule going forward, citing various issues. For many years, Mid-Ohio was on the schedule alongside the Grand Prix of Cleveland, and Pook stated it was not viable to have two races in such close proximity, and favored keeping the race at Cleveland instead. In addition, some observers felt that the powerful Champ Cars had "outgrown" the narrow, winding course, citing a lack of passing and competition over the previous several years. The race would return in 2007 under the Indy racing league and would partner as a doubleheader with the American Le Mans Series until 2012 when ALMS dropped the circuit from the calendar. The race has also featured support series such as the Road to Indy, Global Mazda MX-5 Cup, and Stadium Super Trucks. In 2015, hometown favorite Graham Rahal won at Mid-Ohio for the first time, thirty years after his father, Bobby Rahal, won his first race at the track. Scott Dixon has the most wins at the track with six.

In 2013, the track hosted its first NASCAR event as a 200 mi race with the NASCAR Xfinity Series. The length of the race was shortened in 2018 to 170 mi. The race has partnered with Trans-Am, Stadium Super Trucks, F4 United States Championship and partnered ARCA in 2020. Unlike most of the events held at the track, the Xfinity Series uses the normal start/finish line located on the pit straight to start the races, instead of the start line on the back straight. NASCAR realigned the race in 2022, moving it to the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series.

Events

 * Current

 * April: F2000 Championship Series, Atlantic Championship
 * June: TCR World Tour, Michelin Pilot Challenge, IMSA VP Racing SportsCar Challenge, Global MX-5 Cup, Trans-Am Series, Formula Regional Americas Championship, F4 United States Championship, ARCA Menards Series Zinsser SmartCoat 150, Sportscar Vintage Racing Association
 * July: IndyCar Series Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio, Indy NXT, USF Pro 2000 Championship, USF2000 Championship, USF Juniors
 * August: MotoAmerica
 * September: ChampCar Endurance Series

 * Former

 * AMA Superbike Championship
 * Honda Super Cycle Weekend presented by Dunlop Tire (1983–2014)
 * American Le Mans Series
 * Mid-Ohio Sports Car Challenge (2001–2002, 2004–2012)
 * Americas Rallycross Championship (2019)
 * Can-Am (1969–1974, 1977–1982)
 * CART
 * Champ Car Grand Prix of Mid-Ohio (1980, 1983–2003)
 * Formula BMW Americas (2005–2006, 2008)
 * Grand American Road Racing Association Rolex Sports Car Series
 * EMCO Gears Classic presented by KeyBank (2000–2001, 2003–2013)
 * IMSA GT Championship (1972–1979, 1981–1993)
 * IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge (2005–2008, 2010, 2018–2020)
 * IMSA SportsCar Championship
 * Sports Car Challenge at Mid-Ohio (2018–2022)
 * International Race of Champions (1985–1987)
 * Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America (2013, 2018)
 * NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
 * O'Reilly Auto Parts 150 at Mid-Ohio (2022–2023)
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series
 * B&L Transport 170 (2013–2019, 2021)
 * North American Touring Car Championship (1996–1997)
 * Pirelli World Challenge (1994, 1997–1999, 2002–2017)
 * Porsche Sprint Challenge North America (2022–2023)
 * Stadium Super Trucks (2019, 2021–2022)
 * United States Road Racing Championship (1963–1968, 1998–1999)

Lap records
The unofficial lap record is 1:03.8700, set by Simon Pagenaud during the qualifying of the 2016 Honda Indy 200. As of July 2024, the fastest official race lap records on the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course are listed as:

The Mid-Ohio School
Founded in 1993, The Mid-Ohio School offers licensed drivers and motorcycle riders programs in defensive driving, high performance driving and performance track riding programs. Students in each course partake in classroom and private instruction and group drills. Participants test their newly refined skills in the controlled environment of the facility's Vehicle Dynamics Center and on the track.

The Mid-Ohio School is AAA Approved and recognized as a recent recipient of the Ohio State Highway Patrol's Partners for Safety award. 18 programs are available to drivers and riders of all ages and ability levels from defensive driving programs for teens and adults, on-track high performance courses for the automotive enthusiasts to current and aspiring racers.

There have been over 50,000 graduates from the Mid-Ohio School, including 18,500 teenagers and 13,300 motorcycle riders.

title: Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course


text:
Template talk:Summary

Usage
~

Discussion
Was on TFD, but was kept. See Templates for deletion/Log/Not deleted/July 2005. Radiant_ >|< 14:07, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I like this template. It is very...visual. JHMM13 (T | C) [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px| ]] [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|25px|  ]] 21:46, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks patronizing to me.Hektor 08:18, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion
The preferences tab now provides a setting that automatically warns the user when he/she is about to post an edit without a summary. Should reference to the availability of this setting be added to this template? Newyorkbrad 16:48, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Which page parameter?
Would anyone support adding a parameter to specify the page that the recipient of this message forgot the summary for? I have users wanting to know where they forgot. I can add the option myself, but would like to see support for this first. Also, someone might want to work on the wording when I am done.

One other detail: If we add the parameter metioned above, should we add TestTemplatesNotice? Will (Talk - contribs) 01:01, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Suggestion:Add a greeting at the beginning
I think this template should have an information icon and a greeting in the beginning like in Template:Editsummary. I think it would then appear more like a friendly piece of advice. Now it appears more like an instruction or command what to do... at least the beginning. This is the reason why I rather use Template:Editsummary. --Cryonic07 talk ° contribs 12:22, 10 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll add the following text to the beginning of this template tomorrow if there are no objections:
 * [[Image:Information_icon.svg|20px|left]] Hi there.
 * --Cryonic07 talk ° contribs 10:44, 11 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. --Cryonic07 talk ° contribs 12:36, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Summary


text:
Ted Elliott (screenwriter)

Ted Elliott (born July 4, 1961) is an American screenwriter and film producer. Along with his writing partner Terry Rossio, Elliott has written some of the most successful American films of the past 30 years, including Aladdin (1992), Shrek (2001) and the Pirates of the Caribbean series (2003-11).

He was attached to write a feature version of Monkey Island, which never happened.

In 2004, he was elected to the board of directors of the Writers Guild of America; his term on the board ended in 2006. In 2005, Elliott ran for president of the Writers Guild of America, west, but lost to animation writer and historical figurine maker Patric Verrone. Verrone received 1301 votes; Elliott received 591.

title: Ted Elliott (screenwriter)


text:
Talk:Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh

The article seems a little biased against the RSS, and it appears to be more like a complaint against the organization than a description of it.

Gowalker, whose autobiograpy is considered to be the manifesto of RSS by its followers clearly talks against three enemies: Islam, Christianity and Communists. Anything supporting RSS is a baised statement. Any statment opposing RSS also is biased. No impartial view is possible with respect to RSS, as it keeps extreme view.

Cleanup
I've added the cleanup tag to this article. In addition to needing work on organization and sentence structure, there are some odd statements that don't sound very plausible (for example "The word Hindu for RSS means all the people who have Indian culture even Muslims and Christians.") --Lee Hunter 19:48, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh


text:
Troy Garity

Troy Garity (born July 7, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Isaac in the Barbershop film series and as Barry Winchell in the television movie Soldier's Girl (2003), where he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. He also had recurring roles in the series Boss (2011–2012) and Ballers (2015–2019).

Early life, family and education
Garity was born in Los Angeles, California, to actress/activist Jane Fonda and activist/politician Tom Hayden. His parents gave him the last name Garity, the surname of his paternal grandmother. He grew up in Santa Monica. His half-sister is director and cinematographer Vanessa Vadim.

Through his mother, Garity is the grandson of New York socialite Frances Ford Seymour and actor Henry Fonda, and a nephew of actor Peter Fonda. His cousins include actress Bridget Fonda. His father is of Irish descent and his mother's ancestry includes Dutch, English, French, German, and Irish.

Garity made his first onscreen appearance as an infant, when his parents carried him through their Vietnam travelogue, Introduction to the Enemy (1974). He began acting as a child at Santa Barbara's Laurel Springs Camp for the Arts. He made an uncredited appearance in the film On Golden Pond (1981), trained at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in NYC, and became a member of the Academy Repertory Company, performing in a number of stage productions.

Career
Garity has appeared in numerous film productions. He played his father in the film Steal This Movie (2000) based on the life of Yippie founder Abbie Hoffman. His portrayal of Isaac Rosenberg in the film Barbershop (2002) proved to be his breakout role, and he reprised it in Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004) and Barbershop: The Next Cut (2016) – though in the latter, his role is significantly reduced to a cameo appearance. He also starred as Harvey in the Danny Boyle/Alex Garland film Sunshine (2007) and as the tormented survivor of a tragic family accident in Lake City (2008).

In 1998, Garity was named one of People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People".

Honors
For his portrayal of Barry Winchell in the film Soldier's Girl (2003), Garity earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Miniseries or a Motion Picture Made for Television and in 2002 he won the Young Hollywood Award for a Standout Performance.

Personal life
On August 27, 2007, Garity married actress Simone Bent at St. Paul's Chapel at Columbia University. Today, he is the founder of the Peace Process Network, an international gang violence-prevention coalition, and is the chairman of Homies Unidos ("homies united"), a gang violence-prevention group in Los Angeles.

Video game

 * Code Blue (2000); voiced Daniel Mosley

title: Troy Garity


text:
Lemon Tree Passage, New South Wales

Lemon Tree Passage is a suburb of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, located at the end of the Tilligerry Peninsula and surrounded by the waters of Port Stephens. At the 2021 census it had a population of 2,686. It is a haven for koalas due to it being densely wooded. The town has a small marina and the local industry is oyster farming.

The suburb is separated from nearby Bulls Island by a small strait which is also known as Lemon Tree Passage.

Lemon Tree Passage has been the focus of an urban legend that states that if a motorist speeds down Lemon Tree Passage Road, they will experience supernatural phenomena. This urban legend provided the focus for the 2013 horror/thriller film Lemon Tree Passage.

The Bureau of Meteorology maintain a monitoring station which includes a Weather radar in the high forested area.

History
The Worimi people are the traditional occupiers of the Port Stephens area.

It was subdivided in 1962 and had only 30 residents in 1931.

title: Lemon Tree Passage, New South Wales


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Television/Buffyverse task force/Template

Per TFD consensus (Templates for deletion/Log/Not deleted/July 2005), the Buffy character template was moved to WikiProject Buffy/Template. Radiant_ >|< 14:10, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

What about characters that only appeared in canonical (comic)books... --Allycat 07:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Appearances
I really feel that this a pointless section. A perfect example being Doc's article, who Che pointed to as an example of applying the character template: an entire section for no more than three sentences (and lets face it, there probably isn't a single character that will go far beyond this in terms of the explaining that hir appearances envolves) is silly, and frankly, it ends up clumsy and pointless. I suggest either
 * including appearances in the intro. Taking Doc as an example again, it'd end up something like Doc is a fictional character in the American television series Buffy: the Vampire Slayer. He is played by Joel Grey. (etc. etc.), and black eyes. Doc first appeared on the show in the episode "Forever", and remained a supporting character(or something along these lines)until season five's final episode, "The Gift".
 * or including them in characters' story. Again, exemplifying:
 * (under Story)

 * Doc first appeared on the show in the episode "Forever". His final episode was "The Gift". During this time he was a supporting character.
 * When Dawn is mourning the death of her mother, Spike takes her to Doc. Doc is happy to help; unsettling so.  He recommends a powerful spell with rare components.  Dawn attempts the spell, but it is ultimately aborted.

 * Later Spike brings Xander to Doc for more information, this time about Glory. (etc. etc. etc. yada yada and so on).

Opinions? If not, I'll start reworking "appearances" into the intros (which I view as the best solution, personally). Come on and speak your minds if there's a problem with this. Zeppocity 19:10, 9 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Archbishop of Albania

Archbishop of Tirana, Durrës and All Albania or simply Archbishop of Albania (Albanian: Kryepeshkopi i Tiranës, Durrësit dhe gjithë Shqipërisë) is the primate of the Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania. He is also head of the Holy Synod.

The first archbishop was Visarion Xhuvani. The current archbishop is Anastasios of Albania.

title: Archbishop of Albania


text:
User talk:DavidK93

September 2014
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January 2017
Your "Wish You Were Here" edit has been undone. Do not change it again. I cited the transcript to prove that the quote is proper, thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.19.112.107 (talk) 07:10, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

Game of Thrones
The first comment below was originally left in the previous section; I created and titled the new section myself. --DavidK93 (talk) 18:44, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

If you're going to whittle all the season 7 episodes down to their bare bones, you might as well apply your standard to all of the episodes. That being said, you have another 60 episodes to get to work on (undo) to leave your mark everywhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PNH es corrupto (talk • contribs)
 * , I edited the 1224-word plot section of Stormborn down to 379 words, preserving only vital information, because MOS:TVPLOT calls for plot sections to be under 400 words. This was also the reason for my similar edits to Dragonstone (Game of Thrones).  Indeed, I hope to eventually set aside time to dedicate to performing similar edits on other Game of Thrones episode articles, because many do have plot sections that significantly exceed the guideline length.  --DavidK93 (talk) 18:44, 24 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Winter Is Coming passed WP:GAN because someone cut down the plot summary, and a bunch of random drive-by editors built it back up again to an unreadable mess over the years. What DavidK93 has been doing is the right way of going about it and, yes, should be done with the older articles. But editing Wikipedia is voluntary, and telling anyone that they should do X if they offer to do Y is out of line with that. Hijiri 88 ( 聖やや ) 14:09, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

This Is Us (season 2) episodes 16 & 17
Could you please do the plot summary for This Is Us (season 2) episode 16? Thanks. (And I like what you have on your user page about how to reduce the word count of plot summaries.) -- Bwefler (talk) 23:39, 28 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm glad you like the work I've done so far. Yes, I hope to get to that one today.  --DavidK93 (talk) 13:57, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Dang, that was difficult. A whole lot of basically unrelated things happened in that episode, which makes it really hard to recap concisely. I ended up having to just let a lot of sweet, emotionally important moments go unmentioned because they weren't major plot points.  --DavidK93 (talk) 14:47, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I managed to take some words out to put some major events in. And yeah, this series is like that—a lot of things occurring... -- Bwefler (talk) 23:04, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

If you do the plot summary for episode 17, I think the life of Deja (and Shauna) should be focused on. Other flashbacks are way too brief for a purely chronological approach. Thanks. -- Bwefler (talk) 04:21, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I haven't watched yet; I download a lot of TV to my phone and watch the day after airing. I do plan to watch later today and then take a crack at the summary if needed. Thanks for the input.  --DavidK93 (talk) 14:17, 7 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I modified your plot summary to include the shoplifting (and changed "hair loss" to "alopecia"). Otherwise, good job; thanks. -- Bwefler (talk) 23:32, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Rise (TV series) ?
Hey —I was wondering if you watched the new Rise (TV series)—the pilot followed the This Is Us (season 2) season finale. I watched maybe half of Rise but decided it wasn't for me, although I have helped with a few things on the Rise article. If you have watched it (or want to watch it), the article needs a plot summary for the pilot episode. Thanks. -- Bwefler (talk) 21:28, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I intended to watch it, but I didn't set the series recording until after the premiere. I need to watch the episode in the next few days, while it's still available on demand.  If the spirit moves me, I'll check out the article.  --DavidK93 (talk) 23:26, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * You could watch it online (with ads) on https://www.nbc.com/rise?nbc=1 (or is that what you meant?) Thanks. -- Bwefler (talk)
 * I watched it on TV via my cable provider's on-demand service. --DavidK93 (talk) 13:16, 19 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Someone last night or this morning put in a 302-word summary (with poor use of casing), so I added a long plot tag and mentioned MOS:TVPLOT in my edit summary. -- Bwefler (talk) 14:33, 19 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Good job. That was added after my last response.  Not sure I'll tackle it, though.  --DavidK93 (talk) 14:55, 19 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks & no problem.-- Bwefler (talk) 15:48, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

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title: User talk:DavidK93


text:
Lemon Tree Passage

Lemon Tree Passage may refer to:

 * Lemon Tree Passage, New South Wales
 * Lemon Tree Passage (film)

title: Lemon Tree Passage


text:
Democratic People's Party (South Korea)

The Democratic People's Party is a minor conservative political party of South Korea. It was formed in 2000 by disaffected members of the Grand National Party. In the 2000 election, two members were elected to the National Assembly.

A political party by the same name existed during the 1950s, during the First Republic of South Korea.

title: Democratic People's Party (South Korea)


text:
John Stevenson (scriptwriter)

John Stevenson (10 May 1937 – 5 September 2023) was a British screenwriter who, between 1976 and 2006, was a regular writer on Britain's longest-running soap opera, Coronation Street.

Early life
Stevenson was born in Manchester in 1937. He attended the London School of Economics and was originally a newspaper journalist. He wrote for the Oldham Evening Chronicle from 1958 to 1964, and then worked as an entertainment journalist and theatre critic for the Daily Mail, based in Manchester.

Television writing
Stevenson moved into screenwriting after producer Peter Eckersley showed him a sitcom pilot entitled Her Majesty's Pleasure, and asked him to come up with story ideas. Stevenson worked on the show during its run from 1968 to 1969, writing with Leslie Duxbury. He continued to write comedy through the 1970s, with his credits including The Last of the Baskets and How's Your Father? He co-wrote the popular comedy-drama Brass with Julian Roach in the 1980s and in 1994, the sitcom, Mother's Ruin, starring Roy Barraclough. However, this was not a ratings success and only ran for one series.

In 1976, Stevenson began writing for Coronation Street, where he worked on 447 episodes over the next thirty years.

Personal life and death
Stevenson married Barbara Sutcliffe in 1957; they had two children and later divorced. In 1977, he married Sheila McGregor, though their marriage also ended in divorce. He married Myra Davies in 1985; they had three children and remained together until Stevenson's death, from complications of Alzheimer's disease, on 5 September 2023, at the age of 86.

Awards
Stevenson won the Special Achievement Award at the 2005 British Soap Awards.

title: John Stevenson (scriptwriter)


text:
Patton (disambiguation)

George S. Patton (1885–1945) was a U.S. Army general during World War II.

Patton may also refer to:

United States

 * Patton, Alabama, a former unincorporated community
 * Patton, California, an unincorporated community
 * Patton Township, Ford County, Illinois
 * Patton, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Patton, Indiana, an unincorporated town
 * Patton, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Patton, Pennsylvania, a borough
 * Patton Historic District
 * Patton Island (disambiguation)
 * Patton Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
 * Patton, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Patton Park Detroit
 * Patton Village (disambiguation), two places

Antarctica

 * Patton Glacier, Ellsworth Mountains, Marie Byrd Land
 * Patton Bluff, Marie Byrd Land

United Kingdom

 * Patton, Cumbria, a former parish, now in Whinfell
 * Patton, Shropshire, a hamlet in Shropshire, England
 * Patton (hundred), a former hundred of Shropshire, England
 * Patton Bridge, Cumbria, England

Elsewhere

 * Patton Seamount, an underwater volcano in the Gulf of Alaska

Military

 * Patton tank, various U.S. Army tanks
 * Model 1913 Cavalry Saber or Patton saber
 * Patton's Additional Continental Regiment, an American Revolutionary War unit

Ships

 * USC&GS Patton (ASV-80), a survey ship in United States Coast and Geodetic Survey service from 1941 to 1967
 * USS Patton or HMS Sarawak, a patrol frigate

Other uses

 * Patton (film), a 1970 film about General George S. Patton
 * Patton (surname), a surname (and list of people with the name)
 * Patton State Hospital, psychiatric hospital in San Bernardino, California
 * Patton Building, Springfield, Massachusetts
 * Patton Bridge (Auburn, Washington)
 * Patton Motor Company, a street car manufacturer in Chicago
 * E. L. Patton Yukon River Bridge, a bridge in Alaska
 * Patton Drilvosky a character from the Cartoon Network animated series Codename: Kids Next Door

title: Patton (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Patton (disambiguation)

Recent additions
I don't have time at the moment, but the newest edit should be reviewed with WP:MOSDAB in mind. Items I would (and will unless someone has time sooner): John (Jwy) 19:51, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Sort by most likely target (George S. undoubtedly comes out on top).
 * 2) Review some of the names - will people enter just 'Patton' to find them?
 * 3) Remove extraneous blue links.  dab pages are primarily for finding the target page.
 * I've made an attempt at item 1, and completed item 3. John (Jwy) 14:55, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Requested move 14 September 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Favonian (talk) 16:34, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

Patton (disambiguation) → Patton – As with Cosby I don't see a clear primary topic. By views Patton Oswalt has the most (101,579) then the current target, George (72,863), the film has 17,604 which though based on the general is a full match for "Patton", the tank has 1,552 though may not be a full match, the place in Pennsylvania has 333, the place in Missouri has 157, the place in California has 104, the surname has 77, the hundred has 18, the place in Shropshire has 16, the place in West Virginia has 14, the place in Illinois has 12 and the place in Indianan has 8[]. Its not clear if the film is a competitor or not but due to being named after the general but even still I don't see a clear primary topic.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 16:43, 14 September 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose. eh I think this is a fine WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT. That's what consensus reaffirmed at Talk:Patton in December 2018 and the nomination doesn't move me. The film is the only topic I would really expect people searching "Patton" to want, and it can't really be relevant here given that it's about the general. And the tank and Patton Oswalt both got their names him. Everything else isn't viewed enough to matter IMO. Nohomersryan (talk) 19:53, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. George Patton is well known as simply Patton, Patton Oswalt is not.  Justified primary redirect. 162 etc. (talk) 20:36, 14 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The general, known worldwide by his surname, is the very clear primary redirect. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:59, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patton (disambiguation)


text:
First Republic of Korea

The First Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from August 1948 to April 1960. The first republic was founded on 15 August 1948 after the transfer from the United States Army Military Government that governed South Korea since the end of Japanese rule in 1945, becoming the first independent republican government in Korea. Syngman Rhee became the first president of South Korea following the May 1948 general election, and the National Assembly in Seoul promulgated South Korea's first constitution in July, establishing a presidential system of government.

The first republic claimed sovereignty over all of Korea but only controlled Korea south of the 38th parallel until the end of the Korean War in 1953, when the border was modified. The first republic was characterized by Rhee's authoritarianism and corruption, limited economic development, strong anti-communism, and by the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition to Rhee. The April Revolution in April 1960 led to Rhee's resignation and the transition to the second Republic of Korea.

Politics
Rhee was supported in the elections by the Korea Democratic Party, but didn't include any of its members in his cabinet. In retaliation, the members of the party formed a united opposition Democratic Nationalist Party, and began to advocate a cabinet system which would remove power from the president. This led to a regrouping of the Rhee faction into the Nationalist Party, which later became the Liberal Party, and remained Rhee's base throughout his administration. The country's second parliamentary elections were held on May 30, 1950, and gave the majority of seats to independents.

The South Korean government continued many of the practices of the U.S. military government. This included the brutal repression of leftist activity. The Rhee government continued the harsh military action against the Jeju Uprising. It also crushed military uprisings in Suncheon and Yeosu, which were provoked by orders to sail to Jeju and participate in the crackdown.

Prewar
This government oversaw several massacres, the most notable being the Bodo League massacre following the North Korean invasion in June 1950. The government executed 60,000 to 200,000 communists.

Korean War
On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War. Led by the United States, a 16-member coalition undertook the first collective action under the umbrella of the U.N. Command (UNC). Oscillating battle lines inflicted a high number of civilian casualties and wrought immense destruction. With the entry of the People's Republic of China on behalf of North Korea in 1951, the fighting came to a stalemate close to the original line of demarcation.

Armistice negotiations, initiated in July 1951, finally concluded on July 27, 1953 at Panmunjom, now in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The resulting Armistice Agreement was signed by the North Korean army, Chinese People's Volunteers and the U.S.-led and South Korean-supported United Nations Command. A peace treaty has not been signed up to now. Following the armistice, the South Korean government returned to Seoul on the symbolic date of August 15, 1953.

Postwar events
After the armistice, South Korea experienced political turmoil under years of Syngman Rhee's presidency, which was ended by student revolt in 1960. Throughout his rule, Rhee sought to take additional steps to cement his control of the government. These began in 1952 (shortly after being elected to a second term), when the government was still based in Busan due to the ongoing war. In May of that year, Rhee pushed through constitutional amendments which made the presidency a directly elected position. In order to do this, he declared martial law and jailed the members of parliament whom he expected to vote against it. Rhee was subsequently elected by a wide margin. He regained control of parliament in the 1954 elections, and thereupon pushed through an amendment to exempt himself from the eight-year term limit.

Rhee's prospects for reelection during the presidential campaign of 1956 initially seemed dim. Public disillusionment regarding his attempt to seek a third term was growing, and the main opposition candidate Shin Ik-hee drew immense crowds during his campaign. Shin's sudden death while on the campaign trail, however, allowed Rhee to win the presidency with ease. The runner-up of that election, Cho Bong-am of the Progressive Party, was later charged with espionage and executed in 1959.

The events of 1960, known as the April Revolution, were touched off by the violent repression of a student demonstration in Masan on the day of the presidential election, March 15. Initially, these protests were quelled by local police, but they broke out again after the body of a student was found floating in the harbor. Subsequently, nonviolent protests spread to Seoul and throughout the country, and Rhee resigned on April 26.

Education
This period saw growth in education at all levels, even during the turmoil of the Korean War. The First Republic saw the full implementation of an educational system that had been sketched out by the Council for Korean Education under USAMGIK. This education was shaped by the ideal of Hongik Ingan, the person who is a benefit to all, and sought to prepare students for participation in a democratic society. Some contend that this democratic education contributed to the student protests which brought down the authoritarian Rhee government in 1960.

The first Education Law came into force on December 31, 1949. The most important aspect of this was the introduction of universal compulsory education at the primary level. This requirement led to widespread school construction; by the end of the First Republic, primary-school enrollment had topped 95%. In addition, the dual ladder system used by the Japanese occupation government was replaced by a single-ladder system, with 6 years of primary education, 3 of middle-school education, 3 of high-school education, and 4 of college education.

This period also saw the adoption of South Korea's first national curriculum.

Economy
During 1945–1950, United States and South Korean authorities carried out a land reform that retained the institution of private property. They confiscated and redistributed all land held by the Japanese colonial government, Japanese companies, and individual Japanese colonists. The South Korean government carried out a reform whereby South Koreans with large landholdings were obliged to divest most of their land. A new class of independent, family proprietors was created.

International relations
Rhee sought to align his government strongly with the United States, and against both North Korea and Japan. The policy of the First Republic on North Korea, before and after the Korean War, was one of "unification by force." Although some talks towards normalization of relations with Japan took place, they achieved little. Meanwhile, the government took in vast sums of American aid, in amounts sometimes near the total size of the national budget.

On January 18, 1952, Rhee declared South Korean sovereignty over the waters around the Korean Peninsula, in a concept similar to that of today's exclusive economic zones. The maritime demarcation thus drawn up, which Rhee called the "Peace Line", included Liancourt Rocks as South Korean territory.

title: First Republic of Korea


text: Talk:Democratic People's Party (South Korea)


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Andriy Serdinov

Andriy Serdinov (born 17 November 1982) is a Ukrainian swimmer, who competed in the 2000 Olympics, 2004 Olympics and the 2008 Olympics. Serdinov also won the bronze medal in the 100 m butterfly at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Serdinov was also the world record holder in this event, which stood for approximately five minutes. He broke Michael Klim's mark during the semifinals of the World Championships in Barcelona, Spain, in 2003, only to have Michael Phelps break it in the next semifinal. It was later again broken by Ian Crocker in the final, the day after.

In 2003 he won two golds at the Summer Universiade, in the 50 m and 100 m butterfly.

title: Andriy Serdinov