text:
Talk:Lenny Leonard

Lenny Time
Don't you think that the war in which Lenny was a hero was the Gulf War, given his age? Also, does the photo in that Life magazine issue indicate what bloodbath in Laos that occured when he was born?- B-101 01:03, 17 July 2005 (UTC) Didn't Lenny have an Al Gore tattoo, not a Bob Dole one? After all, how many Republicans would consider themselves Buddhist? Nope, its Dole and Kemp. I just say the episode, and I gotta say kudos to whoever added the 'political views' section, you beat me too it. I visited this page to add that fact. --WalterJid 03:48, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The Gulf War was after the show started, work out ages as if it's 1990. Digifiend 10:44, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Why would being a Republican preclude one from being a Buddhist? Adiosmofo (talk) 17:45, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Things landing in his eye.
Shouldn't this have a mention? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Andy Lowson (talk • contribs) 17:19, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Fr 2600:1702:3870:3CB0:E1BD:87B4:21B7:7400 (talk) 00:10, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

white collar
Shouldn't this say blue-collar?

Are Lenny and Carl Gay?
Although some believe Carl is not gay but Lenny is. Others believe the opposite and some think the both of them are straight. But, here is some proof they are a couple:

 * First off, they are not married. That is perfectly okay. You don’t have to be married to live in the world today. They have been seen with women. In one Episode, Lenny dated a girl that looked like Carl and Carl dated a girl that looked like Lenny. They didn’t notice it. So, that doesn’t mean they like each other.

 * They are always together, even in the men's room and showers, often holding hands.

 * In one episode, at the urinals, when they were side by side, Lenny turns to another man beside him, looks down at the man's crotch, smiles, and says "So, taking a pee?" The other man quickly exits the restroom after that.

 * In another episode, they mention they were away for spring break at a place out west "in the mountains," as Lenny sighs dreamily. This is definitely a nod to Brokeback Mountain.

 * During decontamination day at the plant, when everybody is in their underwear, Lenny is the only one who shows up naked. After eyeing Carl briefly, he asks "Homer, could....could I borrow your underwear?" Homer responds with a "Naaaaaaaaa....."

 * When he and Homer leave home for the oil fields feeling unloved, Lenny fantasizes about a mountain shaped in the body form of Carl. Later, when he admits there's no one in the world who loves him, Carl appears in a helicopter and says "Don't be too sure!" Lenny gasps and says "Oh, Carl!"

 * When Mr. Burns dances naked with Smithers in Season 22 Episode 7, Lenny stays behind and watches them, but Carl leaves so i don’t know if this counts.

 * When Lenny and Carl headed to capitol city for a road trip with Moe, they held hands briefly in the limo. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.207.72.236 (talk) 05:06, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Some interesting points, however I think this is essentially a long-running gag on the show and as yet not 100% resolved. There are lots of instances of Lenny's love for Carl, but in comparison to, say, Smithers they are not nearly as strongly hinted at as being homosexual - I see it more as unusually close friendship.

 * Actually, Lenny was once shown shaving a woman's legs, though he gave Homer some other excuse as to why he couldn't go out that night, leaving us to infer that it was possibly the wife or girlfriend forcing him to shave her legs for her, the the exact nature of relationship was not made plain.

I did wonder whether they are used as characters to show 2 best-friends, since they are the only adults I can think of that are 'best friends' - almost like adult versions of Bart & Milhouse. I'm not sure, it definitely warrants a 'possibily gay' section on the main-page but i'm not convinced it is anything more than a long-running gag (thought essentially it is all fiction!). ny156uk 23:31, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Pic
I think a fair pic for this article is the faces of Carl and Lenny in a mountain (a là Mount Rushmore)--ometzit<col> 02:44, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Lenny's first name
I think his first name is Leonard. See the episode titled Burns' Heir. Burns and Smithers both call him Leonard. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.204.170.66 (talk) 00:16, 25 April 2007 (UTC).
 * Maybe they were calling him by his surname, like when they call Homer Simpson, "Simpson".--Steven X 11:06, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Carlandlenny.jpg
Image:Carlandlenny.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:06, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Is this speculation?
If something's really obvious but not mentioned, is it speculation? Because there's one scene in The Simpsons Movie where he's obviously voiced by Castellaneta - he sounds identical to Charlie. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Anthrcer (talk • contribs).
 * No, he's always voiced by Harry Shearer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.22.233.133 (talk) 19:42, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lennysheaven.jpg
Image:Lennysheaven.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 12:17, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lennysheaven.jpg
Image:Lennysheaven.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:40, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Somebody should put information in the text about "Poison Lenny", if you know what I mean. That is the best joke ever! "I'm not villain, I'm a transvestite!"—Nikola Todorović (talk) 22:47, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Relative = mother
The infobox cites that he has an unnamed mother.

Doesn't everyone have a mother? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.50.8.87 (talk) 02:51, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

thats a good point it seems like a worthless fact that he has a unnamed mother what good is it knowing that why cant the mother have a name? well perhaps in a future episode lenny's mom gets a name. also we may find out how old lenny is and which side of his family his grandma that was in a labor camp was on. theres alot of information with charaters on the simpsons thats not known as of yet i hope that the unnamed mother bit gets cleared up. 99.51.212.6 (talk) 17:27, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Lenny's first name (revisited)
In the episode The Frying Game, Homer calles Lenny "Lenford". Are we to assume this is his real name, and that "Lenny" is simply a shortened version of this? Cooltrainer Hugh (talk) 19:41, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

I'm not personally happy that he is referred to as "Lenford", we all know what Homer is like with names. Take the whole Jebus thing for example SpunkyLM (talk) 23:03, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Merge?
I've started a discussion on merging this article (along with Carl Carlson) to a list. Discussion's on the Simpsons project talk page. Harry Blue5 (talk) 22:46, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

Merge Lenny and Carl
I would like to propose that Lenny and Carl are merged into a single article (not into a character list). I believe this is the best option because:
 * 1) They are not notable on their own
 * 2) The most interesting stuff to write about them is their relationsship with each other.
 * 3) It worked for Patty and Selma Bouvier and Kang & Kodos, so why not Lenny and Carl?

 * Support per nomination reasons.--Maitch (talk) 21:11, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - Yeah, I've supported this for a long time. Seems like the thing to do. Gran2 21:26, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Support They are possibly notable on their own, but as you say, their relationship is probably the most important part about them. Theleftorium (talk) 22:05, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lenny Leonard


text:
Sir Charles Seely, 1st Baronet

Colonel Sir Charles Seely, 1st Baronet KGStJ, DL (11 August 1833 – 16 April 1915) was a British industrialist and politician.

Seely was Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Nottingham from 1869 to 1874 and 1880 to 1885, and for Nottingham West from 1885 to 1886, and Liberal Unionist MP for Nottingham West from 1892 to 1895. He was an industrialist and major landowner on the Isle of Wight and in Nottinghamshire. He was also a noted philanthropist. In October 1895 he was the 1st person to be presented with the honorary Freedom of the City of Nottingham, for "Eminent services and noble generosity towards the philanthropic institutions of the City." He was made a baronet on 19 February 1896.

He lived at Langford Hall and then Sherwood Lodge in Nottinghamshire, Brooke House on the Isle of Wight, and No.1 Carlton House Terrace in London. He also built Brook Hill House where J. B. Priestley, the famous author and playwright, later lived from 1948. He was a Deputy Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire, and High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire. He was the Colonel of the 1st Nottinghamshire (Robin Hood) Rifle Volunteers. He was Vice-Chairman of the first Nottinghamshire County Council. He was also a Knight of Grace Order of St John of Jerusalem.

Seely was a member of a family of politicians, industrialists and significant landowners. His father, Charles Seely (1803–1887), was a member of parliament and one of the wealthiest industrialists of the Victorian era. Sir Charles and his eldest son Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet, youngest son J. E. B. Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone, and grandson Sir Hugh Seely, 3rd Baronet and 1st Baron Sherwood, were also all members of parliament. His grandson, David Seely, 4th Baron Mottistone, was the last Governor of the Isle of Wight; he was baptised with Winston Churchill and the then Duke of Cornwall (subsequently King Edward VIII, and then later Duke of Windsor) as his godparents. The 4th Baron Mottistone's son Peter John Philip Seely, 5th Baron Mottistone (1949–2013), was a godson of Queen Elizabeth II's husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. His great-great-grandson, Bob Seely, was the MP for the Isle of Wight from 2017 to 2024.

Wife and some descendants

Seely married Emily Evans (died 1894), sister of the businessman and politician Sir Francis Evans, 1st Baronet, on 11 August 1857. He is a great-grandfather, via her mother Leila Emily Seely, of Rachel Douglas-Home, 27th Baroness Dacre, a descendant of Charles II of England who married William Douglas-Home, younger brother of the Prime Minister and 14th Earl Sir Alec Douglas-Home. He is the great-great grandfather of George William Beaumont Howard, the current and 13th Earl of Carlisle, whose principal family seat was Castle Howard. His son Lt-Col Frank Evelyn Seely married Leila Eliza Russell, great-granddaughter of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford and granddaughter of Lord Charles James Fox Russell whose half brother was Prime Minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell. Their son Major Frank James Wriothesley Seely (1901–1956), married (1925) Vera Lilian Margaret Birkin (1903–1970), a granddaughter of Sir Thomas Isaac Birkin, 1st Bt. (1831–1922), whose great granddaughter is Jane Birkin (b. 1946), actress, partner of Serge Gainsbourg in the 1970s and namesake of the Hermès Birkin bag. The Michael Seely Memorial Stakes held at York was named in honour of their eldest son, the racing correspondent. He is also the great-great-grandfather of Bob Seely, Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight 2017–2024.

Seely is a third great-grandfather, via his youngest son, J. E. B. Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone, of theatre director Sophie Hunter, who married actor Benedict Cumberbatch on 14 February 2015, at the 12th century St Peter and St Paul's Church, Mottistone, on the Isle of Wight followed by a reception at Mottistone Manor.

Wealth at death
When Seely died in 1915 he left estate of £1,052,070 (equivalent to £641 million (in 2014), or £75 million (in 2015), obtained by multiplying £1,052,070.00 by the percentage increase in the RPI since 1915), as measured by share of UK GDP, UK CPI), which was according to The Times, the second largest estate that year (by comparison the estate of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild was the largest valued at £2,500,000) and made him one of the wealthiest men in Britain.

External links and sources

 * Burke's Peerage and Baronetage 107th Edition Volume III *Seely Baronets
 * Seely family crest
 * The Great Houses of Nottinghamshire, Sherwood Lodge (1881)
 * Seely estates listed at UK National Registry of Archives
 * University of London and History of Parliament Trust &
 * Link to St Paul's Church built by Sir Charles Seely Bt in 1896 and monument to his wife Emily Seely designed by Sir Thomas Brock.
 * Art collection included Cicero's Villa by J. M. W. Turner, see: and paintings of Venice by Myles Birket Foster commissioned by his father-
 * Wight Life April/May 1975 article on The Seely Family and their Island Homes
 * J. E. B. Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone, Dictionary of National Biography, 1941–1950
 * The Times obituary 1915, Wills and Bequests.
 * Economic power measured by wealth as compared to the size of the economy (List of most wealthy historical figures), which is measured by share of GDP. Data from Measuring Worth:
 * Occupants of No.1 Carlton House Terrace

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sir Charles Seely, 1st Baronet


text: User:Marijuanaisbad

title: User:Marijuanaisbad


text:
Chicken Man

Chicken Man may refer to:
 * "Chicken Man" (theme tune), the original theme tune of the British TV series Grange Hill from 1978 to 1990 and also the theme tune of Give Us a Clue
 * Chicken Man, the stage name of Fred Staten, nightclub performer, voodoo practitioner of New Orleans
 * Chickenman (radio series), a radio series from the 1960s
 * "Chickenman", a song by the Indigo Girls from the album Rites of Passage
 * The Chicken Man, a recurring character in numerous Daniel Pinkwater books, such as Lizard Music
 * Chicken Man, nickname of Philip Testa, boss of the Philadelphia mafia for a brief time
 * "Chicken Man", a song by Evelyn Evelyn on their eponymous album
 * "Chicken Man", a nickname of baseball player Wade Boggs
 * "Chicken Man", nickname of the fictional character Gus Fring
 * "Chicken Man", nickname of the fictional character Al McWhiggin

title: Chicken Man


text:
User talk:Poogtastik

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Poogtastik


text:
Toni Pearen

Toni Michelle Pearen (born 5 June 1972) is an Australian entertainer, actress, singer, songwriter and television presenter. She initially became recognisable through her role on soap opera E Street from 1989 until 1992. She had a limited pop music career in the mid-1990s with the release of one album, Intimate (November 1994), which provided two ARIA certified gold singles, "In Your Room" (November 1992) and "I Want You" (April 1993). She was host of Australia's Funniest Home Video Show from 2003 to 2007, and competed on the eighth season of Dancing with the Stars (2008).

Film and television career
Pearen came to be known in 1989 when she landed the role of Toni Windsor on the Australian soap opera E Street. She played the role until 1992 when she left to pursue her music career. In 1994, she briefly returned to TV, this time playing Beth Armstrong on Home and Away.

Pearen also appeared in a number of films including All Men Are Liars, Colin Fitz Lives! and On the Dead Side, all released in 1995. From 1995 until 2002 Pearen lived and worked in the United States, guest starring in multiple television shows such as JAG.

Upon returning to Australia in 2002, Pearen landed the role as host of Nine's Australia's Funniest Home Video Show beginning February 2003. In an interview with ninemsn, she said the show was a perfect fit for her, and it "reminds us that strange things happen every day, and you need to laugh."

After Australia's Funniest Home Video Show Pearen took on a guest starring role with the soap Out of the Blue for five episodes, and in 2010 had a small part in the World War II miniseries The Pacific, produced by Steven Spielberg – the follow-up to Band of Brothers.

Pearen began appearing on the eighth season of the Seven Network's Dancing with the Stars.

In 2021, Pearen participated as a contestant in the seventh season of I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Australia.

Music career
After leaving E Street, Pearen became a success in the Australian Dance Pop scene in 1992 and 1993, scoring two consecutive top 10 ARIA Gold certified hits with "In Your Room" and "I Want You". A year later, between 1994 and 1995 two less successful singles were released, "Walkaway Lover" and "Joy". Pearen's 1994 album Intimate was well received by critics, but peaked at number 56 in Australia.

From 1995 to 2002, Pearen lived in Los Angeles, working as an actor, singer and songwriter. In 2002, she moved back to Australia, taking residence on Scotland Island, New South Wales. In early 2003 during an appearance on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Pearen revealed she could be aiming to revive her music career in the near future. It was later revealed that part of the reason for her hiatus in the United States was to find the time to write new music. Although she has made musical performances at Carols by Candlelight in 2003 and ABBA Mania in 2006, very little of any plans to return to music did not happen until August 2008 when a new untitled demo track appeared on Pearen's Official MySpace page. Later in September 2008 another new untitled demo was added. On 21 October 2008 The Daily Telegraph reported on plans that Pearen is considering to start work on her long-awaited follow up album to 1994's Intimate, with achieving Top 5 on Dancing with the Stars as her inspiration.

In 2022, Pearen made her long-awaited return to the music industry and released a song called "1972". This was inspired by Pearen celebrating her 50th birthday in 2022 and how the world has evolved since her birth year of 1972.

Dancing with the Stars performances
In late 2008, Toni Pearen joined the cast of the eighth season of Dancing with the Stars. Pearen's partner is Henry Byalikov from the first season of So You Think You Can Dance Australia.

She was eliminated on 19 October 2008.

Personal life
Pearen began her singing/acting studies at Lynda Keane Studios Sydney with Lynda Keane and Greg Anderson.

She dated her Home and Away co-star, Mat Stevenson in 1994.

In late 2006, Pearen was engaged to longtime boyfriend, Will Osmond, a bankrupted ex co-owner of a Darling Harbour restaurant. They have jointly acquired property, and once resided together on Scotland Island. Pearen married Osmond in the north western New South Wales town of Moree on 17 November 2007. Pearen's Los Angeles-based actor friend Kym Wilson was her bridesmaid.

Pearen gave birth to a son in 2009 and a daughter in 2012.

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 1994 || "I Want You" || Best Pop Release || Nominated ||
 * 1994 || "I Want You" || Best Pop Release || Nominated ||

title: Toni Pearen


text:
Buckhorn, Pulaski County, Missouri

Buckhorn is a community in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States. It is on Route 17 just south of its junction with Interstate 44 It is also on historic U.S. Route 66. The community is within the Mark Twain National Forest and the northwest corner of Fort Leonard Wood is three miles to the east. Waynesville is six miles to the northeast along Route 44 and Laquey is two miles to the southwest off of Route 17.

History
The community was so named on account of the image of a buckhorn on a local tavern sign.

The Decker Cave Archeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

title: Buckhorn, Pulaski County, Missouri


text:
User talk:Marijuanaisbad

Hi I love messages please talk to me as much as possible. no one give me messages you all suck

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

Tool
Please don't use the toolbox on Redwolf24's page; it leaves a welcome that is specific to him, and should not be used by any other users. -- Essjay ·  Talk 18:39, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Talk to your brother before you do anything. -- Essjay ·  Talk 19:12, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Blanking articles
Wikipedia cannot help you find your brother. Blanking articles to post your plea will not help you and hurts Wikipedia. Please stop. Kelly Martin 01:29, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

You suck
Everyone knows Marijuana rules. Hurray for marijuana! Marijuanasmoke loves Cannabis! (talk) 13:20, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marijuanaisbad


text: Talk:Koi Kaze

title: Talk:Koi Kaze


text:
Illovo

Illovo may refer to:

 * Illovo Sugar, a sugar producer based in Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
 * Illovo, KwaZulu-Natal
 * Illovo Beach
 * Illovo, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa

title: Illovo


text:
Talk:Sheila Horne

Untitled
I removed this bit from the main article because I have no idea what it means, what with the colloquial language and the lack of context:
 * Has been a lover of Morwen.

Is Morwen also a stage name for some actor/singer/artiste? Is Horne a Tolkien aficionado? What gives? Koyaanis Qatsi 01:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sheila Horne


text:
Hospital Central

Hospital Central ("Central Hospital"; previously Línea Roja) is a Spanish television series that follows the professional and personal lives of the staff of the fictitious Hospital Central in Madrid. New episodes are shown by Telecinco network in Spain, and cable/satellite channel Factoría de Ficción reruns them a couple of weeks later. Another cable/satellite channel, AXN, reruns the old episodes.

Produced by Videomedia, the series started in April 2000 and finished in December 2012 after its 20th season. It is often said to be a Spanish version of ER.

Recurring cast

 * Lucas (Arturo Arribas), SAMUR doctor.
 * Fernando (Alberto Mateo), SAMUR doctor.
 * Edgar (Amaruk Kayshapanta, season 15, episode 206 – 209 – 215)
 * Susana (Tamara Arias, seasons 13–15), Hector's girlfriend.
 * Alejandro Vilches (Kirian Sánchez, seasons 1–14), Dr. Vilches' teenaged son. Years ago, he suffered a grave depression after his best friend died, and tried to kill himself by jumping out of his window. He is anorexic.
 * Dr. Bernardo Ferreira (Miguel Nieto, seasons 1–3, special appearance in season 4), hospital director. He left after suffering a heart attack.
 * Dr. Miguel Seró (Ricard Rodriguez, seasons 2–4), a married pediatrician who had an affair with Andrea but ultimately returned to his wife and daughter.
 * Nurse Marcelina "Queca" Martínez (Pepa Roldán, seasons 3–11), an ER nurse who later married Rusti. She left the job to be a stay at home mom.
 * Dr. Manolo Hervás (Ferrán Rañé, season 3), a senior psychiatrist who sexually harassed Cristina and left the hospital when Santiago confronted him.
 * Gonzalo (Juli Fàbregas, season 3), the leader of a dangerous sect disguised as a social worker, he managed to suck Diana in and killed Mario after he stopped his sect's mass suicide ritual. He finally killed himself.
 * Mª Angeles Cabrera (Sílvia Sabaté, seasons 4–11), Dr. Aimé's ex-wife and mother of his daughter. She was an alcoholic who got into an abusive relationship. Aimé had to rescue her, and they grew closer again. She later dies in a car crash.
 * Nacho Crespo (Aure Sánchez, seasons 4–6), Fran's brother. A graphic designer and illustrator who also was an ex-drug addict with a form of epilepsy. He fell in love with Eva and started dating her, until he found out she was cheating on him with his own brother Fran.
 * Germán Prada (Fernando Guillén, seasons 4–6), the hospital administrator. He had no qualms in doing what was necessary to keep the status quo, and was Santiago's fiercest opponent.
 * Nurse Miriam Canalda (Leticia Dolera, season 7), an ER nurse and Dr. Davila's niece. She was a cocaine addict who finally agreed to rehabilitate.
 * Candela (Clara Lago, seasons 7–9), Cruz's teenaged daughter. She stayed with her mother after her parents divorced. She's currently studying abroad.
 * Daniel "D.J." Alonso (Eloy Azorín, season 8), a medicine student who had a drunken one-night with Cruz and fell in love with her, but she refused his advances. He finally left medicine to follow his dream to become a disc-jockey in Ibiza.
 * Gabriela Dávila (Marta Solaz, seasons 8–12), Dr. Davila's daughter who got diagnosed with cancer, but survived. During the treatment, she started a relationship with Héctor.
 * Belén (Eva Marciel, season 8–12), Javier's wife. She was very much in love with him and didn't take well his leaving her. She's doing everything in her hand to prevent him from seeing their son, including moving to another town and claiming it wasn't really his son.
 * Ágata Monasterio (Laura Pamplona, season 12), a high-ranking employee from the Ministry of Health who kept interfering in everything to make the hospital more cost-efficient. She took the job of hospital administrator, and fired Dávila among other things. She also tried to seduce Vilches, but failed.
 * Tomás Carrero (Rafa Reaño, seasons 12–13), a police inspector. He's had an on-and-off relationship with Mónica for some time.
 * Marina Lara (Lara Corrochano, season 12), Raúl's sister. She was an alcoholic in the midst of a divorce, when she disappeared. It was later found out that her husband had accidentally killed her in a discussion.

Special guest stars
During these eight years, Hospital Central also got some well-known actors and artists in Spain to do take on guest starring roles. Some of them were:
 * Pilar López de Ayala
 * José Sacristán
 * Pilar Bardem
 * Agustín González
 * José Luis López Vázquez
 * Lolita Flores (4-episode story arc)
 * Jorge Sanz
 * Chenoa as herself
 * David Bisbal as himself
 * Julieta Venegas as herself (with musical show included)
 * Sancho Gracia as himself
 * Lucía Caraballo as Nadia and as Nuria

title: Hospital Central


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Samuel francis

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 00:57, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Samuel francis
Alledged non-notable CEO of non-notable Dinsdale 5th Avenue, above. Google can't verify the connection, but if his company isn't notable, and that's his biggest claim to fame, the he's not notable. Also may be self-promotion (User:Samueldfrancis might want to take portions of the article(s) to his User page). Niteowlneils 01:10, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax CEO of hoax company. Pburka 01:40, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Apparently a "web entrepeneur," if you know what I mean. No biography is warranted.  Even if his company were spectacularly successful, there would be no indication that his biography is.  Geogre 03:52, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I disagree with that statement, and so does Jeff Bezos. Founders of spectacularly successful companies are notable. But this individual is the founder of an unsuccesful nonexistent company. Pburka 14:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If all Bezos did was found the company, he'd not deserve a biography. However, he has done quite a lot.  He has been one of the leading e-commerce cheerleaders, has innovated, has pioneered on-demand, etc.  He deserves a biography because his biography is interesting and because he is referred to as a person by other sources.  On the other hand, a man who hides in the shadows and runs things and just appears in trade magazines is famous only for the company, and only in the context of the company, and therefore would have his bio-article redirect to the company.  Geogre 20:47, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with above comment. --Msoos 11:37, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete under the same logic as deleting the Dinsdale 5th Avenue item.Nandesuka 17:34, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity, plus unverified. --Etacar11 00:01, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 03:38, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Samuel Francis, no opinion on deletion. Gazpacho 01:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that we already have a Samuel Francis who is different, plus a Sam Francis. -Willmcw 22:59, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Not important--Peterloud 13:58, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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File:Atmosphere God Loves Ugly.jpg

Summary
Cover of Atmosphere's God Loves Ugly album.

title: File:Atmosphere God Loves Ugly.jpg


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User talk:Yozh~enwiki

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Yozh. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Yozh~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yozh~enwiki


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dinsdale 5th Avenue

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 00:55, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Dinsdale 5th Avenue
Advert for non-notable company. Only claims to be 10 years old and privately held, and most of the other info isn't independently verifiable as "Dinsdale 5th Avenue" only gets 4 displayed hits, none of which provide any actual info about the company. Dinsdale "Advanced White Prescription" (the latter being one of their product names on their website) gets zero hits. Also may be self-promotion from the listing below. Niteowlneils 01:11, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment This was previously speedied and has been recreated. Presumably the content is different this time, or it wouldn't have been speedied the first time. It seems mighty odd to me that a company with turnover in the millions gets only 4 Google hits...that would make it at best unverifiable, but $10m ought to be verifiable! -Splash 01:48, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. Pburka 02:14, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as recreation of spam. This time it comes with a hoax to hide the spam.  I nowiki'd the link (something we should do if there's even a suspicion of advertising). Geogre 03:50, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice. Nandesuka 17:32, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified/ad. --Etacar11 23:57, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Hooker, Missouri

Hooker is a ghost town in Pulaski County, Missouri, United States, along the former U.S. Route 66 (now Missouri Supplemental Route Z). The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. Built on a new alignment of US 66 (which bypassed the town of Devils Elbow), nothing remains of the town except the Hooker Cemetery, in which many of the former residents and local families are buried.

A post office called Hooker was established in 1900, and remained in operation until 1955. The community was named after one Mr. Hooker, the original owner of the town site.

title: Hooker, Missouri


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User talk:Zipster

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

Additional tips:
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 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language.

Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   01:13, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Foreign object (professional wrestling)

The article Foreign object (professional wrestling) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * WP:GNG Not that much actual independent coverage at all. Can't find any mention in news, or in independent sources.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. NativeForeigner Talk/Contribs 02:37, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Foreign object (professional wrestling) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Foreign object (professional wrestling) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Foreign object (professional wrestling) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. NativeForeigner Talk/Contribs 22:36, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zipster


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User:Uris/Support

Support

title: User:Uris/Support


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FSSP

FSSP may refer to:

 * Families of structurally similar proteins, a protein structures database
 * Federal Bailiffs Service (Russia), abbreviated FSSP in Russian
 * Firing squad synchronization problem, a problem in computer science and cellular automata
 * Frances Slocum State Park, a state park in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
 * Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, a society of traditionalist Catholic priests and seminarians
 * Fresh Start Schools Programme, a programme for schools in South Africa
 * Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe, a class of optical instruments designed to measure size and concentration of particles suspended in the air (such as cloud droplets)

title: FSSP


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Cavalry in the American Civil War

The American Civil War saw extensive use of horse-mounted soldiers on both sides of the conflict. They were vital to both the Union Army and Confederate Army for conducting reconnaissance missions to locate the enemy and determine their strength and movement, and for screening friendly units from being discovered by the enemy's reconnaissance efforts. Other missions carried out by cavalry included raiding behind enemy lines, escorting senior officers, and carrying messages.

In the first half of the war, the Confederates enjoyed the advantage in cavalry, not least because most of the experienced cavalry officers from the Regular Army had chosen to side with the Confederacy. Notable Confederate cavalry leaders included J. E. B. Stuart, famed for literally riding rings around the Union's Army of the Potomac, and Nathan Bedford Forrest, who caused havoc with Union supply lines.

The Battle of Brandy Station in 1863 is considered the point by which Union cavalry proved itself equal to the Confederates, and onward through the second half of the war they continued to improve. This was exemplified by Benjamin Grierson's brilliant deception tactics in the Mississippi valley, and Philip Sheridan's aggressive movements while in command of the Army of the Shenandoah at the end of the war in Virginia.

Cavalry units proved highly expensive to maintain, and unscrupulous agents would often exploit shortages by supplying defective animals at exorbitant prices. The Union benefited from the creation of tighter regulations and a centralized acquisition and distribution system which ensured its forces remained mounted throughout the war. Conversely, the Confederacy's system of each soldier supplying their own horses resulted in the degradation of its cavalry units as horses became harder to obtain.

Types of mounted forces
There were a variety of mounted forces prevalent in the Civil War, although for the sake of brevity they are often referred to under the catchall term "cavalry." Some units named themselves after European cavalry such as hussars and lancers, but these names were considered obsolete and used out of tradition rather than as an accurate description. Approximately fourteen percent of the Union Army consisted of cavalry, while in the Confederate States Army about twenty percent of soldiers were mounted.

 * 1) Cavalry were forces that fought principally on horseback, armed with pistols and sabers. Historically there had been two types of cavalry: heavy cavalry (such as Carabiniers and Cuirassiers), whose primary role was on the battlefield conducting a cavalry charge, and light cavalry (such as Chasseurs à cheval and Chevau-léger), which were more suited to screening, raiding, and reconnaissance.   The United States did not have a strong cavalry tradition and Congress was unwilling to fund the creation of expensive heavy cavalry; only light cavalry were formed before and during the Civil War.
 * 2) Dragoons were hybrid forces that were armed with carbines, pistols, and sabers. They could fight from horseback as traditional cavalrymen but were expected to fight on foot as well. The term comes from the French Army, representing a cross between light infantry and light cavalry.   Dragoons had been raised in the United States prior to the Civil War, and as the conflict progressed this method of fighting became more central to how cavalry fought overall.
 * 3) Mounted infantry were forces that moved on horseback but dismounted for fighting on foot, armed principally with rifles, pistols, and bayonets.  Mounted riflemen had been raised previously by the United States to fight in the frequent conflicts with Native Americans. During the Civil War many foot infantry units were converted into mounted infantry. Although there was a belief that mounted infantry made for neither good cavalry or infantry, with reliable weapons and competent leadership the concept would flourish, particularly in the Western Theater.
 * 4) Irregular cavalry (such as partisans and guerrillas) were generally mounted forces. A concept particularly employed by the Confederates, due in part to the Partisan Ranger Act, which was meant to aide the recruitment of irregulars into service with the Confederate Army. Many of the partisan cavalry units were considered excellent horsemen and operated both within and outside of Southern territory. There is little commonality as to their weapons in general, and any weapons available were used, but many favored the double-barreled shotgun.

Roles
At the time of the American Civil War, the cavalry had six major roles to play:
 * 1) Reconnaissance
 * 2) Screening
 * 3) Flank security
 * 4) Attacking the enemy
 * 5) Headquarters duties
 * 6) Raiding/Interdiction

Of these missions, reconnaissance was the most important role. Their inherent nature made cavalry ideally suited to be the "eyes and ears" of an army's commander and keep him informed of the enemy's position and movements. Cavalry had the agility and firepower to probe the enemy for weak points, set ambushes for isolated groups, and flee before the main force could overwhelm them. The widespread availability of field glasses only increased their information-gathering capability.

Reconnaissance and screening were crucial components in the Gettysburg Campaign, where cavalry under Union General Alfred Pleasonton attempted to find the wide-ranging Army of Northern Virginia on its invasion of the North, and Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart effectively employed counter-reconnaissance to screen passes in the Blue Ridge Mountains and hide Robert E. Lee's movements from the Army of the Potomac. However, when Stuart was "cut loose" to conduct another raid around the Army of the Potomac, he deprived Lee of adequate reconnaissance at the beginning of the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the principal reasons for the Confederate defeat there.

The use and evolution of cavalry for offensive action in the Civil War is a subject of contention. The conventional view is that cavalry's traditional role on the battlefield - charging into enemy infantry with lances and sabers to break up their formations - had been appropriate in previous generations when the infantry's primary weapon was the smoothbore musket with an effective range of up to 100 yd. However, during the Civil War, the rifled musket was the primary infantry firearm, and against a weapon with an effective range of up to 500 yd these mounted shock tactics were rendered ineffective and disastrous on the battlefield. Instead, cavalry had to learn to fight dismounted, in effect becoming mounted infantry who used their horses only for mobility and fought on foot as regular infantry. Furthermore, the terrain was also blamed for being less conducive to large cavalry maneuvers, particularly in the Eastern Theater which was broken up with an abundance of woodlands and farmlands.

Historian Earl J. Hess disputes the impact the rifle had on cavalry tactics in the Civil War, noting that even in the era of smoothbore muskets infantry had always been able to defend itself against cavalry attacks; a cavalry charge against infantry in formation and ready to meet it had almost always ended in failure. Paddy Griffith observed that the United States never had a strong tradition of heavy cavalry which normally conducted such attacks, whereas a cost-conscious Congress preferred to fund dragoons and mounted infantry which had more supposed versatility. Lacking a doctrinal basis for their use, Union cavalry only conducted a handful of cavalry charges against Confederate infantry in the first three years of the war and all were doomed to fail for reasons other than the rifle. Stephen Z. Starr found no proof that cavalry in the Civil War made a conscious choice to change their tactics in response to the rifle. While there was a shift towards more dragoon-based tactics overall, he cites a number of other factors for this evolution, principal among them being the quality of the mounts available and the lack of appropriate training for both horse and rider.

Long-distance raids were the most desirable mission for cavalrymen, primarily because of the fame that successful raids would bring, but they were often of little practical strategic value in comparison to the men and horses lost. Jeb Stuart became famous for two audacious raids around the Army of the Potomac in 1862; his third such attempt, during the Gettysburg Campaign, lead to disaster for the Army of Northern Virginia. Inspired by the 'success' of these raids the Union attempted to mimic them but to mixed results. George Stoneman's raid in the Battle of Chancellorsville was considered a failure for although it destroyed considerable Confederate property, much of this was quickly repaired, at the cost of at least 1,000 of his horses ruined by the exertion. Meanwhile Benjamin Grierson's raid in the Vicksburg Campaign was a strategic masterpiece that diverted critical Confederate forces away from Ulysses S. Grant's army.

Tactics
Cavalry typically traveled in a column of fours, allowing for easy travel down roads and around obstacles. About 500 yd to either side were parallel files of horsemen to protect the flanks. A vanguard and rearguard was also deployed out ahead and behind the column, which themselves deployed vedettes further ahead and behind to provide advanced warning. With a troop of 96 horsemen in a column of fours taking up 95 yd of road, a cavalry force on the march could stretch for many miles: Sheridan's massive force of ten thousand troopers and six artillery batteries en route to Yellow Tavern measured thirteen miles long.

A cavalry force on picket duty would set up an outpost with about half of its total strength stationed there as a "grand guard." The rest would set up pickets out to the sides and in front of the outpost at a distance of 500 yd. Each picket would also deploy solitary vedettes in a semicircle a further 400 to 500 yd out. Constant patrols were maintained between the outpost and the pickets, and additional patrols were set out ahead of the vendettes to distances of two or more miles. Picket duty was fatiguing for both soldiers and horses, and many cavalry leaders believed this type of work was better suited to infantry.

When setting up to conduct a charge, cavalry traditionally arrayed itself in a line of two ranks, although more recent doctrine called for just a single rank. It was also possible to make a charge from a column (or double column) of fours. Dismounted troopers formed themselves into a line of one rank, with skirmishers arrayed out in front of it. Every fourth trooper was a horseholder responsible for taking care of the others' mounts. They were positioned as near as possible to allow for a quick remount, while simultaneously taking advantage of any shelter available to stay out of danger.

By the latter part of the war, offensive tactics had settled around a hybrid that mixed the qualities of both traditional cavalry and mounted infantry. A cavalry unit would use their superior mobility to approach the enemy but then dismount a majority of their force to attack on foot. The dismounted troopers would use weight of fire to assault the enemy's position, particularly if armed with new repeating rifles. Finally at the right moment, the mounted portion stationed on one or both flanks would conduct a saber charge (or, if lacking in sabers, use their revolvers). When combined with the usage of horse artillery, cavalry fighting this way essentially became an "all-arms" force, though they were more expensive to maintain, required more logistical support, and could not field quite as many soldiers as comparable infantry forces.

Organization
The United States Army (known also as the Regular Army) before the Civil War utilized the regiment as the principal unit of maneuver and training for its cavalry forces. There were five regiments of mounted soldier: the 1st and 2nd Dragoon regiments, the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, and the 1st and 2nd Cavalry regiments. They were similarly organized with ten companies (later renamed troops), each company commanded by a captain with a number of other commissioned and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) for around a hundred soldiers each. Two troops were further combined to form a squadron for five total. A regiment was commanded by a colonel (assisted by a lieutenant colonel and three majors) and included a staff which operated as part of the regimental headquarters.

When a sixth regiment (3rd Cavalry) was founded in May 1861, it instead constituted twelve troops for a total of 1,278 soldiers. This included a permanent battalion structure with two squadrons to a battalion and each battalion with its own commanding officer and staff. Regiments raised by the states under the United States Volunteers mirrored the organization of the 3rd Cavalry starting in July. In August, Congress renumbered the Regular Army's mounted forces as the 1st through 6th Cavalry regiments. Then in July 1862 all cavalry regiments were reorganized around the twelve-troop model and the permanent battalion structure removed. Continued adjustments to the number of soldiers per regiment and troop made throughout the early part of the war were finalized in April 1863, when the authorized strength for a Union cavalry regiment was set at between 1,040 and 1,156. Although permanent battalions were removed, Union forces continued to operate in the field as squadrons and battalions. Independent battalions and companies of the Volunteers were also formed throughout the war.

The Confederates organized their cavalry regiments along the same principles as the old Regular Army regiments with ten companies. In November 1861, each company was to have at minimum sixty privates, later increased to eighty in October 1862, also commanded by a captain with a number of other officers and NCOs. Each regiment was commanded by a colonel, assisted by a lieutenant colonel and a major, with its own regimental staff. As with Union forces, the Confederates also formed independent battalions and companies of cavalry forces, and many partisan groups were formed which operated both within and outside of Confederate territory. Additionally, at least one cavalry legion was formed early in the war by combining infantry and artillery forces into one large regiment, but the concept was soon abandoned for being too unwieldy.

The actual size of cavalry regiments rarely if ever conformed to their paper strength. Sometimes they could be much larger: Turner Ashby for example grew his 7th Virginia Cavalry Regiment to over 1,400 troopers by April 1862 (split between twenty-two and twenty-six companies) by refusing to allow its division into multiple regiments. More often, regiments were worn down by attrition until they were a fraction of their authorized size: Union regiments averaged between 400 and 600 total, while Confederate regiments averaged between 160 and 360 total. In one extreme example, an unnamed Union regiment at the Battle of Five Forks numbered only 45 men. The fate of most regiments once they were reduced to a certain size was either disbandment or consolidation with other units, much to the chagrin of the veteran troopers. The states were mostly responsible for recruitment and many governors were more inclined to create brand new units as a form of political patronage rather than return an existing unit to full strength. Nevertheless, the Confederates did a better job than the Union at funneling replacements to existing regiments.

Above the regiment was a brigade which consisted of several regiments, and several brigades were combined into a division. Brigades and divisions were commanded by brigadier generals and major generals respectively, although for lack of a higher rank some Union cavalry brigades and divisions were commanded by colonels and brigadier generals instead. Both sides also eventually combined their cavalry forces into corps, grouping a number of divisions together. Union brigades were numbered based on their position within their parent division, as were divisions within their corps, however Confederate units were known by their commanding officer's name.

Starting at the regimental level, commanders had a staff of officers to help with the administration of their unit. Regimental staff officers were chosen from among the unit's lieutenants, while higher formations were to have a representative from the armies' respective War Departments. General officers were also allowed a personal staff of aides-de-camp and a chief of staff. Neither side had an effective way to train staff officers however, and so their competence tended to be based on how much experience they gained. Furthermore, with some exceptions there were no enlisted personnel authorized to assist in carrying out the logistical work necessary to keep these units supplied. Either civilian workers had to be hired or soldiers detailed to handle these functions; the former tended to be unreliable while the latter lessened the combat effectiveness of their units.

In both armies, the cavalry was accompanied by batteries or battalions of horse artillery where possible. They also had their own train of supply wagons and traveling forges. The size of the train could be quite large to support a cavalry force: even a single regiment might demand 81 wagons to keep it supplied. Forage in particular was the bulkiest and most difficult to transport of all military supplies. In October 1862 the Army of the Potomac, with 127,818 soldiers and 321 cannons, had a daily supply requirement of 667.5 ST, of which 411.9 ST was forage for its 22,493 horses and 10,392 mules.

Horses
The principal item of equipment for a cavalryman was the horse and one of the reasons both North and South initially hesitated in forming mounted units was because of financial considerations; each cavalry regiment cost $300,000 for initial organization with annual upkeep expenses tallying over $100,000. Both cavalries originally required recruits or local communities to provide horses, a policy that lasted briefly in the North, while the South maintained it throughout the war even though Richmond leaders recognized its serious drawbacks. While Confederate troopers bore the monetary cost of keeping themselves mounted, Union cavalrymen rode quartermaster-issued animals obtained through public contracts (although officers had to reimburse the cost of their mounts to the government). While open to fraud early in the war, once tightened regulations and stringent inspections were enforced, the contract system yielded an estimated 650,000 horses for Union armies during the war exclusive of an additional 75,000 confiscated in Confederate territory.

Union army guidelines for cavalry horse selection mandated animals be at least 15 hands (60 in) high, weighing on average around 950 lb, and aged between 4 and 10 years old, and be well-broken to bridle and saddle. Animals were to be dark colors and free from defects such as shallow breathing, deformed hooves, bone and bog spavin, or ringbone. Geldings were preferred for cavalry horses with the purchase of mares strictly prohibited outside absolute military emergency, while stallions' volatility and aggressiveness made them generally unsuitable for service. In the Confederacy, limited horse numbers did not permit such selectivity in trying to keep their armies horsed.

Cavalry horse prices varied throughout the war; in 1861 the maximum government price for cavalry horses was $119. However, relentless military demand caused prices to continually increase and by 1865 prices hovered near $190 per head. In the Confederacy horse prices rapidly spiraled upward due to animal scarcity and inflation costing over $3,000 by war's end. The daily feed ration for Union cavalry horses was ten pounds of hay and fourteen pounds of grain which were ample and fulfilled the animals' nutritional needs if of good quality, however, the vagaries of the army supply system did not always insure prescribed forage amounts were delivered where most needed.

On both sides volunteer officers often proved notably lax in promoting strict animal welfare, a shortcoming exacerbated by the absence of a trained and organized veterinary corps which allowed serious maladies like strangles, grease heel, and glanders to spread among army stock. The U.S. Congress finally created the rank of veterinary sergeant in March 1863, but the meager pay and rank held no inducement for qualified candidates to join the army. Repeated calls to establish a professional military veterinary service failed, and widespread waste, suffering, and destruction among army horses resulted; not until 1916 was an official U.S. army veterinary corps founded.

Horses gave the cavalry forces significant mobility: during an eight-hour day a distance of 35 mi could be covered without fatiguing horse or rider. In some operations, forces were pushed to the limit: Jeb Stuart's raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1862, saw his troopers march 80 mi in 27 hours, while during Morgan's Raid his forces averaged twenty-one hours in the saddle on some days (and once covered 90 mi in thirty-five hours). Such excesses were extremely damaging to the readiness of the units and extensive recovery periods were required. Stuart, during the Gettysburg Campaign, resorted to procuring replacement horses from local farmers and townspeople during his grueling trek northward around the Union army. In York County, Pennsylvania, following the Battle of Hanover, his men appropriated well over 1,000 horses from the region. Many of these untrained new mounts proved a hindrance during the subsequent fighting at East Cavalry Field during the battle of Gettysburg.

Commanders often tried to procure specific breeds for their men, with the Morgan being a particular favorite within the Army of the Potomac. Famous Morgan cavalry mounts from the Civil War included Sheridan's "Rienzi" and Stonewall Jackson's "Little Sorrel".

Weaponry
A wide variety of weaponry was carried by mounted forces during the Civil War. While it is commonly held that Northern cavalry were better equipped than their Southern counterparts, this was not always the case, particularly at the beginning of the war. By the start of 1862, most had been issued a saber and pistols, but many regiments had no more than ten to twelve carbines per company. It was not until 1863 when every Union trooper was guaranteed a carbine in addition to his revolvers and saber, although up through to the end of the war many regiments were armed with multiple models of carbines, making resupply difficult. Confederate soldiers meanwhile might carry anything from the latest carbines imported from Europe to flintlock muskets and Bowie knives, although the primary source for their weapons was whatever could be captured from defeated Union forces.
 * Rifles were the standard weapon of infantry during the Civil War but were also carried by some mounted forces. Many used traditional infantry rifle muskets while others employed new repeating rifles. In perhaps the most famous example of the latter, Colonel John T. Wilder equipped the entire "Lightning Brigade" with brand-new Spencer repeating rifles out of his own pocket (intending to deduct the cost from his men's wages, an embarrassed Federal government agreed to reimburse him instead).  Rifles were considered too unwieldy to be used from horseback though.
 * Carbines were shorter in overall length, less cumbersome to carry mounted or dismounted, and easier to operate from horseback. However, their accuracy was greatly diminished compared to that of other long guns. Most carbines were .52- or .56-caliber, single-shot breech-loading weapons. They were manufactured by several different companies, but the most common were the Sharps rifle, the Burnside carbine, and the Smith carbine. Late in 1863, the seven-shot Spencer repeating carbine was introduced, but it was rarely deployed.  When James H. Wilson was made chief of the Cavalry Bureau in January 1864, he adopted the Spencer as the standard Union cavalry firearm; while many regiments were fully rearmed with these repeaters, some were still armed with other weapons by the war's end.  Confederate forces could use captured breechloaders like the Sharps and produce copies of these since their linen cartridges were duplicable. The metallic cartridges needed by other carbines like the Burnside and Spencer were too advanced for the Confederates to copy and so were not used for lack of ammunition.
 * Pistols, carried by both Northern and Southern cavalry, were usually six-shot revolvers, in .36- or .44-caliber, from Colt or Remington. They were useful only in close fighting since they had little accuracy. It was common for cavalrymen to carry two revolvers for extra firepower, and John S. Mosby's Rangers often carried four each: a pair in their holsters and another pair in their saddlebag.
 * Sabers were used by cavalrymen on both sides, the most common models being the Model 1860 Light Cavalry Saber and Model 1840 Cavalry Saber, although their utility was questioned even at the time. On average Northern troopers made greater use of sabers while Southern troopers preferred other weapons. John Mosby noted that the only instances he used a saber was as a spit and discarded it as soon as he could. In some units like the 2nd Kentucky regiment, if any man attempted to carry a saber he would be considered a "laughing stock" by the rest. Conversely, Confederate cavalry commanded by General Wade Hampton III were said to like nothing so well as a chance to use their sabers in combat.  In an October 1864 report, Jubal Early complained that Confederate cavalry armed only with rifles were at a severe disadvantage in open country against Union cavalry who could fight on horseback with sabers.
 * Shotguns were used during the early phases of the war, particularly by the Confederacy, as troopers brought with them whatever weapons they had on hand. Though capable of inflicting heavy damage at close range, they were mostly replaced once both sides got sufficient supplies of carbines. Partisan cavalry preferred to use double-barreled shotguns though, especially units operating in the Western Theater. A common tactic was to charge the enemy and unleash both barrels at close range then switch to a pistol or use the buttstock as a club.
 * Lances were used alongside sabers by a select few cavalry regiments, such as the 5th Texas Cavalry and the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Lances had been used since medieval times, but had been rendered obsolete since the invention of the Minié ball (hollow-base bullet) for rifled muskets. During the Battle of Valverde, the 5th Texas Cavalry performed the only major lancer charge of the war, and was slaughtered, abandoning the lance after the battle. The 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry discontinued usage of the lance in May 1863 and where replaced with carbines.

Confederate cavalry
A Southerner was, on average, considered a superior horseman to his Northerner counterpart, especially early in the war. The common explanations for this stereotype were the poor road conditions in the rural South, requiring a greater reliance on horses for individual transportation, combined with a pervasive cavalier culture within the Southern aristocracy which emphasized equestrianism. Historian Gregory J. W. Urwin has referred to such a broad generalization as a part of a "tired, overly-familiar myth" which explains away the South's defeat due to the North's industrial might. Paddy Griffith also argues that, with each trooper having to supply their own horse, "[o]ne does not need to invoke any theory of 'Southern Cavaliers' or 'innate equestrian skills' to see that a soldier will do better if he rides his own cherished four-legged friend than if he is astride an anonymous item of government property."

Furthermore, both Urwin and Griffith note that these same factors – the use of their own horses and the aristocratic culture – made Southern troopers notoriously insubordinate: soldiers often refused to follow orders or went home whenever they felt like, and some officers refused to serve under commanders with whom they had petty grievances. In one remarkable case a Tennessee cavalry regiment unilaterally decided to disband itself. Governor Zebulon Vance of North Carolina went so far as to compare Confederate cavalry operating within his state to the Plagues of Egypt.

With Confederate cavalry responsible for their own horses, many first rode into battle on some of the finest mounts available, but as the war progressed it became harder and harder to find suitable replacements. A trooper was compensated on a per diem basis for their horse, and if it were killed in battle their owner would be paid its value at the time of mustering. However, no compensation would be given if the horse died of any other causes, and without a horse they either had to steal one from the Yankees or take a 30-day furlough to return home and buy a new one. If a replacement could not be found, they were forced to join the infantry, an ignominious fate for a dashing cavalryman. Contemporaries remarked at the flaws in this system and the resulting loss of troopers, and how it perversely penalized the boldest as they were the most likely to have their horses shot out from under them.

The first prominent Confederate cavalry leader was J. E. B. Stuart, who achieved success in the First Battle of Bull Run against infantry. He was a flamboyant dresser and an audacious commander, wildly popular with the Southern public for his escapades in twice encircling the Army of the Potomac. These long-range reconnaissance missions accomplished little of military value but boosted Southern morale. After Stuart's death in 1864, he was replaced by Wade Hampton, who was a more mature, and arguably more effective, commander. Another Eastern commander of note was Turner Ashby, the "Black Knight of the Confederacy", who commanded Stonewall Jackson's cavalry forces in the Valley Campaign; he was killed in battle in 1862.

In the Western Theater, the most fearless, and ruthless, cavalry commander was Nathan Bedford Forrest, who achieved spectacular results with small forces but was an ineffective subordinate to the army commanders he was supposed to support, resulting in poorly coordinated battles. Much of the same issues could be said of Forrest's counterpart in the Army of Tennessee, John Hunt Morgan. In the Eastern Theater, the Partisan Ranger John Singleton Mosby succeeded in tying down upwards of 40,000 Federal troops defending rail lines and logistical hubs with only 100 to 150 irregulars. In the Trans-Mississippi Theater, John S. Marmaduke and "Jo" Shelby became prominent.

Union cavalry
The Union started the war with five Regular mounted regiments: the 1st and 2nd U.S. Dragoons, the 1st Mounted Rifles, and the 1st and 2nd Cavalry. These were renumbered the 1st through 5th U.S. Cavalry regiments, respectively, and a 6th was recruited. The Union was initially reluctant to enlist additional regiments, because of the expense, the understanding that training an effective cavalryman could take as long as two years, and the conventional wisdom that the rough and forested terrain of the United States, being so different from that of Western Europe, would make the deployment of Napoleonic-style cavalry forces ineffective. As the war progressed, the value of cavalry was eventually realized, and numerous state volunteer cavalry regiments were added to the army. While initially reluctant to form a large cavalry force, the Union eventually fielded some 258 mounted regiments and 170 unattached companies, of differing enlistment periods, throughout the war and suffered 10,596 killed and 26,490 wounded during the struggle.

The Union cavalry was disadvantaged at the start of the war because Northern soldiers allegedly had less comparative equestrian experience than their Southern counterparts, and the Union army did not institute an examination in basic horsemanship before a recruit was mustered into service until August 1862. In addition, over half (104 out of 176) of the experienced U.S. Army cavalry officers were Southerners, and the majority resigned their commissions to fight for the Confederacy. This included four of the five regimental colonels. With West Point's graduating class of 1861 unable to make up the deficiency, many officer positions were filled by green appointees from the civilian sector.

One advantage the Union horseman had over his opponent was the centralized horse procurement organization of the army, relieving him of any responsibility for replacing an injured horse. This responsibility was first taken over by the government on August 31, 1861, with the Quartermaster Department in charge of supplying horses for the entire army. Then in July 1863 the Cavalry Bureau was established specifically with supplying horses and equipment to Union cavalry forces. There were six large remount depots created where horses were purchased, sick and injured horses allowed to recuperate, and cavalry units gathered to drill and train. The primary depot, located at Giesboro Point along the Potomac River, was 625 acres in size and could handle 30,000 horses.

Early in the war, the Army of the Potomac did not organize its cavalry regiments into larger formations to perform independent operations, but instead paired them with infantry divisions. Here they were often wasted by being used merely as pickets, outposts, orderlies, guards for senior officers, and messengers. In July 1862 the first independent brigades were formed but were unfortunately used for many of the same roles. The first officer to make effect use of cavalry was Major General Joseph Hooker, who in February 1863 consolidated the Army of the Potomac's cavalry into a dedicated Cavalry Corps under a single commander, George Stoneman. Similar developments played out with other Union armies.

Halfway into the war, during the summer of 1863, the Union cavalry came into its own. Widely regarded as inferior to its Southern counterpart up until then, the Battle of Brandy Station, although tactically indecisive, is recognized as the point at which it was acknowledged to have comparable competence.

In 1864, Philip Sheridan was given command of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and he deployed his horsemen in a more effective, strategic way than his predecessors. Despite the reluctance of his superior, Major General George G. Meade, Sheridan convinced General-in-Chief Ulysses S. Grant to allow him to deploy the cavalry in long-range raids, the first of which, at Yellow Tavern, resulted in the death of Confederate commander Jeb Stuart. He later employed his cavalry force effectively in the Valley Campaigns of 1864 and the Appomattox Campaign, in pursuit of Robert E. Lee.

In the Western Theater, two effective cavalry generals have not achieved the fame of their Eastern counterparts: Benjamin Grierson's dramatic raid through Mississippi was an integral part of Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign; James H. Wilson was invaluable in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign and in his 1865 Alabama raid.

Significant cavalry battles and raids
The following are Civil War battles, campaigns, or separate raids in which cavalry forces played a significant role.
 * Battle of Brandy Station — 20,500 combatants, in 1863, Pleasanton leads the largest predominantly cavalry battle of the war
 * Battle of Chancellorsville — ambitious plan for raid in the Confederate rear foiled by George Stoneman's inaction
 * Battle of Gaines's Mill — the first large cavalry engagement of the war
 * Battle of Gettysburg, Third Day cavalry battles — East Cavalry Field and Farnsworth's Charge
 * Battle of Franklin — James H. Wilson's repulse of Forrest probably saved the Union army
 * Battle of Mine Creek — 9,600 cavalry, in 1864, Pleasanton leads the largest cavalry battle west of the Mississippi
 * Battle of Sailor's Creek — masterful cavalry maneuvers brought Confederates close to surrender in the Appomattox Campaign.
 * Battle of Selma — James H. Wilson's massive raid into Alabama in 1865
 * Battle of Trevilian Station — 16,048 cavalry, in 1864, Sheridan leads largest all-cavalry battle of the war
 * Battle of Yellow Tavern — J.E.B. Stuart killed in action by Philip Sheridan's cavalry
 * Dahlgren's Raid — unsuccessful Union raid against Richmond
 * Gettysburg Campaign — numerous cavalry actions in Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania
 * Grierson's Raid — long-range raid through Mississippi in conjunction with Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign
 * Maryland Campaign — J.E.B. Stuart's second ride around the Union army
 * Peninsula Campaign — Stuart's first ride around the Union army
 * Price's Raid — Sterling Price's 1864 raid in the Trans-Mississippi Theater
 * Streight's Raid — 1863 raid across Alabama in which Col. Abel Streight surrendered 1,500 men to Forrest's 400
 * Third Battle of Winchester — 9,300 cavalry, Sheridan battled Early in 1864, in the Shenandoah valley
 * Wilson's Raid — James H. Wilson's 1865 raid through Alabama and Georgia
 * Morgan's Raid — John H. Morgan's 1863 raid through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio.

Notable cavalry leaders and partisan rangers

 * Turner Ashby
 * William W. Averell
 * John Buford
 * Louis Henry Carpenter
 * Philip St. George Cooke
 * George Armstrong Custer
 * Ulric Dahlgren
 * Elon J. Farnsworth
 * Nathan Bedford Forrest
 * Lot Smith
 * David McM. Gregg
 * Benjamin Grierson
 * Wade Hampton
 * John D. Imboden
 * Jesse James
 * Frank James
 * Albert G. Jenkins
 * William E. "Grumble" Jones
 * Judson Kilpatrick
 * Fitzhugh Lee
 * W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee
 * Lot Smith
 * John S. Marmaduke
 * Wesley Merritt
 * John Hunt Morgan
 * John S. Mosby
 * John Pelham
 * Alfred Pleasonton
 * William Quantrill
 * Beverly Robertson
 * Thomas L. Rosser
 * Joseph O. "Jo" Shelby
 * Philip Sheridan
 * David S. Stanley
 * George Stoneman
 * J.E.B. Stuart
 * Alfred Thomas Torbert
 * Earl Van Dorn
 * John A. Wharton
 * Joseph Wheeler
 * James H. Wilson
 * Cole Younger

title: Cavalry in the American Civil War


text:
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Clementine, Missouri

Clementine is an unincorporated community in western Phelps County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies along the former U.S. Route 66. The community is located fourteen miles southwest of Rolla.

A post office called Clementine was established in 1891, and remained in operation until 1926. The namesake of Clementine is unknown.

title: Clementine, Missouri


text:
Claire Windsor

Claire Windsor (born Clara Viola Cronk; April 14, 1892 – October 24, 1972) was an American film actress of the silent screen era.

Early life
Windsor was born Clara Viola Cronk (nicknamed "Ola") in 1892 in Marvin (later known as Glade), Kansas, to parents of Scandinavian descent, George Edwin Cronk and Ella Rose Fearing (later called "Rosella"), who married on October 21, 1885, in Davenport, Iowa. Their first child, a son, died shortly after birth. Her parents later moved to Cawker City, Kansas when she was two years old. At some point, Claire's sister, Nellie, was born. Claire attended Washburn Preparatory Academy in Topeka from 1906 to 1907. After a year at Broadway High School, Seattle, Washington, she returned as a student in the Fine Arts Department at Washburn College.

Intent on further refining her daughters' education and position in society, Rosella and her daughters returned to Seattle in the fall of 1910. On July 14, 1913, Claire ("Ola") was chosen for the role of Empress during the lavish musical production of Jappyland. While living in Seattle, Ola met David Willis Bowes and the intense relationship continued by correspondence after Mr. Bowes' return to Denver. Soon a June wedding was planned, but en route back to Kansas, Ola and Bowes wed secretly on May 13, 1914, in Denver, Colorado. The union resulted in the birth of a son, David Willis Bowes Jr., on September 9, 1916, but the couple soon went their separate ways. Bowes officially filed for divorce on September 14, 1920.

Ola moved to California to be reunited with her parents who had recently retired. Seeking a way to support herself and baby son, Ola took the advice of a friend and quickly found employment at the movie studios. Initially receiving only bit parts, she was soon spotted by Lois Weber, a highly regarded and influential director and producer of silent films for Paramount Pictures. Weber immediately signed Windsor to a contract.

Career climb
Claire Windsor's film debut was in the 1920 release of Lois Weber's To Please One Woman which was only a modest success. To promote the nascent starlet, Paramount Pictures often paired Windsor with the newly divorced actor Charlie Chaplin in publicity photographs, leading the tabloid press to give mention to the young actress in print. In 1921, Windsor costarred with Louis Calhern in Weber's The Blot (1921).

The publicity paid off; in 1922 the newly formed Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers (WAMPAS) began their annual WAMPAS Baby Stars awards and she was named, along with Bessie Love, Lila Lee, Mary Philbin and Colleen Moore, as the year's most promising starlets. That same year Claire signed a contract with Goldwyn Pictures Corporation. She would appear in Broken Chains with fellow WAMPAS Baby Star Colleen Moore.

In 1923, the former Ola Cronk officially began using the more matinee-friendly Claire Windsor as a moniker. Throughout the 1920s, Windsor established herself as highly regarded leading lady in film. As her career progressed, she was often typecast as the "upscale society girl", often playing the part of a princess, or monied socialite. Critics lauded her elegant fashion sense, and Windsor became a noted trend-setter of 1920s fashion.

In 1924, Windsor was one of the top stars at the newly formed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio. Later, at Tiffany Pictures, Souls for Sables (1925), co-starring Eugene O'Brien, was a box-office hit for Windsor.

Personal life and sound films
Windsor was frequently romantically linked to her leading male co-stars. She reportedly had a well-publicized affair with actor Charles "Buddy" Rogers. In 1925 she married matinée idol Bert Lytell. The couple divorced in 1927. Windsor never remarried, but a few notable love affairs with men caused minor scandals in the press, including once being sued by the young wife of a Boston broker in an "Alienation of Affection" lawsuit, in which the broker's wife contended that Windsor had "stolen her husband".

By the late 1920s, Windsor (like so many of her acting peers) found it difficult to move into talkies. She made several talkies throughout the 1930s but could never recapture the success of her earlier years as a silent screen actress. She had a brief stint on a road tour with Al Jolson in the production of The Wonder Bar and occasionally took stage parts. In 1937 she performed at Harold Lloyd's Beverly Hills Little Theatre for Professionals. In her later years, Windsor devoted herself to painting.

On April 12, 1943, she legally changed her name to Claire Windsor, and her son took the name of William Willis Windsor.

Death
Claire Windsor died of a heart attack on October 24, 1972, at the age of 80 at Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, California. (Windsor's age at death was reported as 74 in Sidney D. Kirkpatrick's 1986 book Cast of Killers.) She was buried at Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park cemetery.

For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Claire Windsor was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd. in Hollywood, California on February 8, 1960.

Filmography

 * Eyes of Youth (1919)
 * In the Heart of a Fool (1920)
 * To Please One Woman (1920)
 * What's Worth While? (1921)
 * Too Wise Wives (1921)
 * The Blot (1921)
 * What Do Men Want? (1921)
 * Dr. Jim (1921)
 * The Raiders (1921)
 * Grand Larceny (1922)
 * One Clear Call (1922)
 * Fools First (1922)
 * Rich Men's Wives (1922)
 * Brothers Under the Skin (1922)
 * The Strangers' Banquet (1922)
 * Broken Chains (1922)
 * The Eternal Three (1923)
 * Little Church Around the Corner (1923)
 * Rupert of Hentzau (1923)
 * The Acquittal (1923)
 * Nellie, The Beautiful Cloak Model (1924)
 * A Son of the Sahara (1924)
 * For Sale (1924)
 * Souls For Sale (1924)
 * The Dixie Handicap (1924)
 * Born Rich (1924)
 * The Denial (1925)
 * The White Desert (1925)
 * Just A Woman (1925)
 * The Lady Who Lied (1925)
 * Souls for Sables (1925)
 * Dance Madness (1926)
 * Money Talks (1926)
 * Tin Hats (1926)
 * A Little Journey (1927)
 * The Claw (1927)
 * The Bugle Call (1927)
 * Foreign Devils (1927)
 * The Frontiersman (1927)
 * The Opening Night (1927)
 * Nameless Men (1928)
 * Fashion Madness (1928)
 * Satan and the Woman (1928)
 * Blondes by Choice (1928)
 * The Grain of Dust (1928)
 * Opening Night (1928)
 * Domestic Meddlers (1928)
 * Captain Lash (1929)
 * Midstream (1929)
 * Self Defense (1932)
 * Sister to Judas (1932)
 * The Constant Woman (1933)
 * Kiss of Araby (1933)
 * Cross Streets (1934)
 * Kiss of Araby (1938)
 * Barefoot Boy (1938)
 * How Doooo You Do!!! (1945)

title: Claire Windsor


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Powellville, Missouri

Powellville is a former town on U.S. Highway 66, now an outer road of Interstate 44 in western Phelps County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately 12 mi southwest of Rolla on a ridge between Tater Hollow to the east and the Gasconade River approximately one mile to the west in adjacent Pulaski County.

Powellville was constructed in the late 1920s or early 1930s, with a small motel to serve the drivers of Powell Brothers Truck Line. They traveled from southwest Missouri to St. Louis with freight.

title: Powellville, Missouri