text:
Newport Creamery

Newport Creamery is a chain of restaurants in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Since its first restaurant opened in 1940, it has been primarily known for ice cream and, later, the "Awful Awful" milkshake. The company is based in Middletown, Rhode Island.

History
Newport Creamery began with Samuel Rector's Newport, Rhode Island dairy business in 1928. Rector began as a wholesaler and started home delivery in 1932. In 1940, Rector and his son opened their first restaurant in nearby Middletown, where the company is still headquartered. For its first 13 years, the restaurant sold only ice cream, adding other food to the menu in 1953. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was franchised, eventually expanding to 33 restaurants.

In the late 1990s, the company ran into financial trouble, losing money, deferring maintenance, and closing 12 of its locations. In 1999 the Rector family sold the chain to Florida businessman, Robert Swain, for $7.6 million. Swain tried to expand the business's geographic coverage into Massachusetts and Connecticut. The expansion was unsuccessful, and was followed by contraction. The company filed for bankruptcy protection in 2000. In 2001, Jan Companies, a local Burger King franchisee, purchased the company for only $1.55 million.

the company has 10 locations; eight are located in Rhode Island, and two are in southeastern Massachusetts.

Awful Awful
The chain is known for Awful Awful milkshakes, made from proprietary ice milk and blended syrups that come in a variety of different flavors. The drink started at the New Jersey–based chain, Bond's, in the 1940s. The name comes from a Bond's customer who called it "awful big and awful good". In 1948, Bond's licensed it to Newport Creamery and then to Massachusetts-based Friendly's. The terms of the license mandated the two New England businesses not sell it in New Jersey, leading the expanding Friendly's chain to rebrand it as a "Fribble", and later changing its formula to be more like a traditional milkshake with ice cream instead of ice milk. When Bond's went out of business in the 1970s, Newport Creamery purchased the trademark and continues to serve the original recipe.

Media
Newport Creamery was featured on a 2019 episode of the Cooking Channel's Man v. Food Where host Casey Webb visited several restaurants in the providence area, including The Newport Creamery and PVDonuts. During the episode Webb successfully finished three Awful Awful milkshakes in one sitting.

title: Newport Creamery


text:
Golden Gate, Oakland, California

The Golden Gate neighborhood of Oakland, California is located in the northwest corner of the city, east of Emeryville and south of Berkeley. It includes the Golden Gate Shopping District, the stretch of San Pablo Avenue between 53rd Street on the south, and the Oakland-Berkeley border at 67th Street to the north. The neighborhood includes the area from a few blocks west of San Pablo Avenue (the Emeryville border) to Adeline Street on the east.

The district includes cafes and arts establishments.

History
The area was inhabited by the Huchiun band of the Ohlone people, then was part of the Rancho San Antonio grant, which was split up following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Charles Alexander Klinkner built 75 homes in the area and called it Klinknerville, established in 1885. A Klinknerville post office was established in 1887. The name was changed to Golden Gate in 1888. The town was annexed to Oakland in 1897.

The Golden Gate branch of the Oakland Library opened in 1918. It was built with funds from a 1914 Carnegie grant. Its design, by Donovan and Dickie, is a good example of early 20th century Georgian Revival Architecture.

In the first half of the 20th century, Golden Gate was an entertainment district, with over 50 bars including the original Trader Vic's location at the northeast corner of San Pablo Ave & 65th St where the Mai Tai drink was purportedly invented. In the last half of the 20th century the retail district underwent a period of decline and by 1998 was considered blighted by the city of Oakland.

During the 1950s, the area became majority African American.

In 1982, the East Bay Negro Historical Society (EBNHS) was invited into the Golden Gate Branch of the Oakland Public Library, making it the first Oakland city library with a predominantly African American focused collection. The collection was housed in the entire left side of the library where the children's section of the library is now located. The assistance of Mayor Lionel Wilson, Assemblyman Elihu Harris, and others helped the organization establish a solid foundation in their new home. Following the appointment of Dr. Lawrence Crouchett as its executive director in 1988, the organization changed its name to the Northern California Center for Afro-American History & Life (NCCAAHL). In 1994, the City of Oakland and the NCCAAHL merged to create the African American Museum & Library at Oakland (AAMLO). This unique public/private partnership entered a historic juncture with the opening of AAMLO in February 2002. Located at 659 14th Street, AAMLO is now housed in the former Charles S. Greene library, an historic 1902 Carnegie building.

The Golden Gate Shopping District was the location of Your Black Muslim Bakery, which made national headlines in August 2007 when the bakery was raided by the Oakland police and shut down.

By 2010 the area was undergoing a process of gentrification, including controversially being dubbed "NOBE" by some realtors.

Starting in 2014, the neighborhood has hosted Love Our Neighborhood Day, an open streets festival in which San Pablo Avenue is car free.

Media
Oakland North has covered the neighborhood since 2008 and Oakland Local since 2009.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Golden Gate, Oakland, California


text:
Talk:List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States

This list was compiled by the U.S. Federal Government. All I did was format it and add an intro.

Alaskan Tribal Villages, Regional Corporations, etc. are maintained separately, so I made them a separate list to reflect that.

I used a Perl program to create the links, and in some cases, I'm sure I got the wrong part of the name linked. Feel free to fix that, but please don't change the names unless you have a more recent copy of the offical list that you're working from (in which case, update the comments at the top).

Thanks! -Harmil 17:55, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Occaneechi
I've removed the Occaneechi entry. While they are actually a Native American tribe, they are not one of the federally-recognized tribes that the USBIA interacts with. This list is specfically the latter (as described at the top of the list). If someone wants to create a "List of Native American Tribes Seeking Recognition", then I say more power to you! Just, please, don't add entries to this list that will just be removed when the list is later updated from official sources. Thanks! -Harmil 19:27, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I created a page for tribes Recognized by States but not the BIA and moved Occaneechi there. -Xlation

Fixing redlinks
Here is how I've been fixing redlinks. Feel free to use the same technique, as more hands will get the work done sooner. Please rely on creating redirects when possible, as the commonly used name and the BIA recognized name should both have entries on Wikipedia.
 * Click on a redlink to go to the edit page.
 * Click on the search link on that page.
 * You may not get anything if search is being flakey. Try again later.
 * Look through the pages that are found and see if any apply.
 * Please don't select a town or Census Designated Place based on name.
 * Avoid selecting reservations and language listings.
 * If a page is found that's appropriate, go back to the edit page and change it to:
 * 1) REDIRECTtarget page
 * If no page matches, consider doing some research to create a new article. Include the fact that this is the official name by which the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs recognizes the tribe.

Thank you for your help! -Harmil 14:07, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Caps in name
The name "List of Native American Tribal Entities" is not Wikipedia's name, it is the U.S. Federal Government's. A redirect has been added for Wikipedia-friendly capitalization, but the primary name is, in fact, the correct spelling. -Harmil 18:33, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * To be more precise, the name "Native American Tribal Entities" is actually a working group. The report is "Indian Tribal Entities Within the Contiguous 48 States Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". I kid you not, that's actually the full title. It is a section of the larger, "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" (Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 234 / Friday, December 5, 2003) -Harmil 18:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

List of U.S. Indian Tribal Government Web sites
Oh, by the way, that was me reverting the List of U.S. Indian Tribal Government Web sites removal. -Harmil 14:15, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

2005 version: we need your help!
The link to the 2005 version was added, but only one change from that version has been implemented: the Delaware Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma was removed. Beyond that, there are supposedly some corrections and name-changes (no new tribes), which Wikipedia should pick up, but diffing the two documents (being PDF) is a major pain. If anyone else wants to help, please feel free! -Harmil 14:13, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, I was just going to load up the wikified document of the PDF of the FR and realized it won't be the same as what is currently posed. The wikified document, because of the way I have set-up the auto-markup, provides a wikified link for each of the listed Tribes/Communities/Tribal Towns separately from each of the listed Reservations/Ranch/Rancherias/Colonies, with added links to States... which isn't what you had.  Looking at what you have, I see that sometimes the Tribal name and its land-based jurisdictions are made into a single wiki link while other times only the Tribal name has been wikified.  Any reason for this inconsistency?  If the wikified document I have is loaded, it will cause many broken links, but at the same time, it would be consistent.  Another approach for consistency would be to consistently link the Tribal name and its land-based juridiction as a single for each of the Federally recognized Tribes. However, as a point of objection if the Tribal name and land-jurisdiction are made into single link for each of the listed Tribes, in the case of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, each of the six component Reservations are also Federally recognized individually, as with the components listed for Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians and Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, while Pit River Tribe and Washoe Tribe are considered to have more than one reservation under their jurisdiction where each reservation are also allowed for semi-autonomous rights apart from the Tribe as a whole.  A single-line link listing would anger many folks in those Tribes/Reservations. CJLippert 22:11, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * If you wish, I can e-mail you the wikified (marked-up) text file document. CJLippert 22:35, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that just slamming a new version into place would help. However, rationalizing the linked part of the name also makes sense (I did it in one evening with a small Perl one-liner which I foolishly didn't save). For the most part, I tried to make a link out of the shortest part of the name that would be unique, so for "Foobar Indians of the Iowa Foobar Reservation, Iowa", I linked everything up to the comma. For the most part, this usally meant dropping the final state name, but there's a serious lack of consistency in the naming itself (sigh).

 * The question is this: which is easier to cope with: finding the differences between the 2003 and 2005 versions or finding the link names that have changed and moving/duplicating the affected redirects? I've been creating redirects for about 3-6 months now, so having all or most of the links that point to them go away would be a serious bummer! -Harmil 22:49, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Phew! Got Q-Z incorporated. Often  XXX Tribe  severed existing links and I had to instead say  XXX Tribe  or  XXX Tribe . CJLippert 00:22, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The 2005 FR listing has been updated. Since this is the List of Tribe, the next task would be to update the Reservations.  Just a word of caution: before the update I have noticed some Tribe's components were listed separately from the Tribe where it seems someone have edited to reflect the Reservation and not the Tribe.  In order to ensure this is a list of Tribes and not the Reservation, this distinction needs to be clearly maintained. CJLippert 20:44, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Schaghticoke
This tribe was recognized, and then removed from the list. See http://www.petitiononline.com/STN06418/ for a petition that attempted to reverse the situation.

Until they are federally recognized, they don't belong on a list of federally recognized tribes. That doesn't really affect their stutus on Wikipedia otherwise, just in terms of this one article. -Harmil 18:41, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Full vs partial linkage
I'm starting to come back to the old problem that I used to have with linking partial names.

Just by way of example, here's one entry: "Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California"

I'm starting to lean back to my initial feeling that this (the full name, including state) is what the BIA calls this tribe, and we should link directly to that name without piping (which might be a redirect). This solves several problems:

 * It creates a name which can be searched on that maps to the BIA official name.
 * Future edits to the target article will have the full BIA name listed in "what links here", which will ease re-naming resolution.
 * There is no ambiguity on the part of someone reading this article, as to which link they should click for an entry.
 * Because the full name is redirected as listed, there is consistency in all of the linking.

Just some thoughts on reviewing recent edits. -Harmil 19:25, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Please take a look at the "H" entries. If this looks good, will begin the process of having the full BIA names.  Now, this will resolve issues with most entries, but what about those with either multiple tribes/bands or multiple reservations where they are autonomous entities (such as with the Pit River Tribe or Minnesota Chippewa Tribe)?  Should we have them listed but without any links, and let the main BIA entry be the portal to access these subentries listed in FR via the article itself? CJLippert 07:15, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * What you've done seems fine to me. Honestly, I long ago started thinking of you as more the caretaker of this page than me ;-) So, there's two cases for ambiguity.
 * The tribe is listed twice here, and has one article - In this case, I would probably create a redirect page for both long names to the name Wikipedia has uses (or only one redirect if the Wikipedia name is one of the BIA names).
 * The tribe is listed once here, but there are multiple articles which cover them - IN this case, there probably needs to be a disambiguation page under the BIA name which directs the reader to the two (or more) pertinent articles.
 * Of course, that's just my opinion, and I think you've long since had an informed enough opinion on this topic that you should just use your own judgement as a first approximation and see if anyone has a problem. -Harmil 05:25, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Asking around various people on the Rez on the usability of this list, I had some interesting comments. Overwhelmingly, the response was that the list is confusing; however, many like the idea of able to easily access the tribal groups.  So, pondering upon these and other comments I got, what about this:
 * Rename the current List of Native American Tribal Entities to List of Native American Tribal Entities (by name) and having one link per FR name with no link to sublistings
 * Create a new page called List of Native American Tribal Entities (by State)
 * Modify the List of Indian reservations in the United States somehow to a "List of Native American Tribal Entities (by Reservation)"
 * Make a new List of Native American Tribal Entities as a diambiguation page with choices to all
 * In addition, add links for similar listings generated by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.
 * There currently is a Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas listed by regions, but also create a similar alternate break-out for a listing by country (though by country will cause multiple listings of some groups since many indigenous peoples have been unnaturally divided by these international boarders). Currently, there is a proposal to merge Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas and the List of Native American tribes; a way to not merge the two lists is to rename the former as List of indigenous peoples of the Americas (by region) and the latter as List of indigenous peoples of the Americas (by name). CJLippert 21:55, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I would think that, because this list is so tied to a single organization (albeit a large and relatively authoritative one), it would make more sense to focus efforts on sorting and categorizing on Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas and/or List of Native American tribes. These overlap badly and really need to be sorted out. Taking that on would probably yield more fruit.... -Harmil 06:33, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

564 tribes according to the BBC
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8344449.stm

MickMacNee (talk) 17:52, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes there are, but this list is generated from the official listing published in the Federal Register, which still only lists 562. We are waiting for the new "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" to be published in the Federal Register so that our listing here could be updated. Stay tuned. CJLippert (talk) 19:38, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Ah. Cool. MickMacNee (talk) 20:50, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The two tribes currently missing from the list are the Delaware Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, also known as the "Eastern Delaware", and the Wilton Rancheria, California, formed from the "Me-Wuk Indian Community of the Wilton Rancheria" and "Wilton Miwok Rancheria" who both lost their recognitions in 1959, and took this long for them (as a single political entity) to re-gain their recognition. CJLippert (talk) 23:31, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Aha! A new FR was out but I didn't know about it until I checked it out. Page is now updated (for now). This might change very soon if seven more from Virginia and North Carolina are recognized. CJLippert (talk) 18:26, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Federal Register Link
The 2009 Federal Register link doesn't work. (Taivo (talk) 16:07, 11 December 2009 (UTC))
 * I see. Try the GPO link to get to the Federal Register. Meanwhile, I will see why that long-standing link no longer works. CJLippert (talk) 16:09, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Aha, found the problem. The long-standing link didn't have the newest listing yet when this article was updated, so a different link was used, which is now broken because it is time-dependent (and how have expired). The old long-standing link was resorted as that site now do show the most current listing. Thanks for bringing this to our attention! CJLippert (talk) 16:26, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Wrong interwiki links
the interwiki links are nearly all wrong - they are lists of nativa american tribes in general, not of the federal recognized tribes. --Plehn (talk) 07:32, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

Lenape?
Yes? No? - the WOLF  child  20:06, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * All three US Lenape tribes have articles: Delaware Nation, Anadarko, OK; Delaware Tribe of Indians, Bartlesville, OK; and Stockbridge-Munsee Community, Bowler, WI. Yuchitown (talk) 02:54, 26 March 2016 (UTC)Yuchitown

Lost and Forgotten Tribe
The Winnipesaukee tribe seems to be missing and lost. Not much is said about them or if there is any left. I am curious how many Winnipesaukee's are still with us and if they are still full blood or what most term Half breeds. Seems we have lost many tribes along this sad journey. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.211.65.64 (talk) 23:01, 25 March 2016 (UTC)
 * See Pennacook. Yuchitown (talk) 02:53, 26 March 2016 (UTC)Yuchitown

External links modified
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Style question
Do folks here prefer "formerly XXX" or "previously listed as XXX" for the defunct tribal names? Yuchitown (talk) 03:47, 6 February 2022 (UTC)Yuchitown

"Also" in the lead
Are Alaska Native tribal entities federally recognized tribes?

Why is the displayed text of the wikilink "tribes" instead of "entities"?

Apokrif (talk) 20:51, 15 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, Alaska Native tribal entities are federally recognized tribes. Tribes is a far more specific term than entities. Yuchitown (talk) 23:32, 15 November 2022 (UTC)Yuchitown

Infographic: Where are the Five Tribes?
The map used on this page is missing at least the Cherokee, Seminole, Muskogee, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Nations in Eastern Oklahoma. Probably missing others too.

if there’s a reason for excluding these from the infographic, then the article should explain that somewhere. 72.107.246.64 (talk) 02:35, 25 July 2023 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Shoeeater

Welcome!
Hello, Shoeeater, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:55, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Shoeeater


text:
User talk:Mike castaldo

Welcome!
Hello, Mike castaldo, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:56, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Mike castaldo


text:
Talk:Madri

Untitled
The following text was on the former article Pandavas, which has been replaced with a redirect. I've merged most text in that article into others, but have not used this pending clarification; “Madri was a princess of the Matsya kingdom.” I though Madri was named (Maadri) as princess of the kingdom of Madra. Imc 17:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:23, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Pandu at Shatasrunga Hill.jpg

This page needs serious corrections
A new user actively vandalised this page. Pularaviteja (talk) 20:15, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Madri


text:
South West African Police

The South West African Police (SWAPOL) was the national police force of South West Africa (now Namibia), responsible for law enforcement and public safety in South West Africa when the territory was administered by South Africa. It was organised and structured both as a paramilitary force and as a civil police force.

History
SWAPOL was established following World War I, when the South African government assumed administration of South West Africa under the terms of a League of Nations mandate. Between 1915 and 1919, public security and law enforcement were entrusted to the South African military police. On December 31, 1939, the rule of law returned to South West Africa when SWAPOL was founded as the territory's first civilian law enforcement agency. An investigation department was established in 1920. SWAPOL was disbanded in 1939, and its local units absorbed into the South African Police (SAP).

The SAP responsible for the territory from 1939 to 1981. Until 1981 it was a Provincial Police Region of the SAP, headed by a police lieutenant general. A third of all the policemen in the district were SAP transferrals from South Africa, with the remaining two-thirds being personnel recruited locally. The League of Nations mandate was terminated by the United Nations in 1966, with South Africa from then on illegally occupying South West Africa. SWAPOL was re-established in 1981, after the territory had become self-governing.

Role in Counterinsurgency
The first large scale contact between units of the SWAPOL and the People's Liberation Army of Namibia was in 1968. On July 14, 1968, a Police Patrolling team from Eenhana District Police, led by Sergeant Fourie, W/O Nelumbu, B/Constable Bavingi, Constable Schaefer, Constable Hattingh and B/Constable Kauluma were patrolling the Eenhana-Outapi Highway when their Land Rover jeep came under machine gun fire and grenade attack from a band of guerillas from the bushes. Their jeep tyres having been shot away, Sgt. Fourie and W/O Nelumbu fired back with their side arms (pistols) and a wounded Constable Hattingh brought to bear the lone Sten Gun in the jeep to drive the attack away, in the process rescuing under fire a wounded B/Constable Kauluma, the driver, who had been thrown from the jeep and wounded. Following this attack Police radio patrols in the highway region were strengthened with an additional jeep with 2 Policemen armed with the R1 rifle (A variant of the FN FAL manufactured in South Africa). In 1970 the situation had deteriorated to the extent that all Policemen in the Northern Region were given training in the R1 and the Sten Gun, and the SWAPOL Airwing started twice daily helicopter patrols along the Eenhana-Outapi Road

Until 1970, the arms sanctioned for SWAPOL units were as following - for Police Stations - 25 Batons, 8 Pistols, 3 Sten Guns, 12 Lee Enfield .303 Rifles, and 1 Bren light machine gun. For District Police Reserve Forces - 150 Batons and Shields, 20 Tear Gas Guns, 30 Pistols, 18 Sten Guns, 10 R1 Rifles (introduced from December 1969) 36 Lee Enfield .303 Rifles, 20 Shotguns, and 4 Bren light machine guns. For Mobile Patrol/Flying Squad team - 2 Pistols, 1 Sten Gun, 2 R1 Rifles.

Between 1974 and 1977, all Sten Guns and .303 Rifles were phased out and replaced with R1 Rifles. 4 M2 Browning heavy machine guns, 2 of them mounted on mobile patrol, were also assigned to the District Police Reserve from 1974 onwards, and 1 M2 Browning assigned to each Police Station. From 1978 onwards, 2 105mm Recoilless Rifles were assigned to each Police Circle Reserve. Casspirs were provided at the level of District Reserve from 1982 onwards and at Police Stations from 1984 onwards.

Organization
Until 1981, the organization of the SWAPOL was as follows:
 * 1) Police Stations (divided into several Outposts, Beats and Mobile Patrols/Flying Squad) led by a Lieutenant or an Inspector,
 * 2) District Police/Investigation Centres (controlling around 4 Police Stations and having an Armed Reserve) commanded by a Major,
 * 3) Police Circles (controlling 3 Districts) led by a Colonel,
 * 4) Regional Police Commands (controlling 2 to 3 Circles or an entire Bantustan) commanded by a Brigadier, and
 * 5) four Super-Commands of North, South, Coastal and Koevoet, commanded by Major Generals.
 * 6) The Cities of Walvis Bay and Windhoek were at the level of Super-Command,
 * 7) The Air Wing was at the level of a Regional Police Command. The Air Wing maintained a Central Fleet of 20 helicopters and a further fleet of 6 helicopters under each of the Regional Commands.
 * 8) There were other functional and Staff Directorates led by Brigadiers, such as Criminal Investigation, Forensics, Administration, Intelligence, Training, Communications/Wireless, Economic Offences, Personnel, Traffic, Provisioning, and Establishment

Koevoet
SWAPOL's most controversial unit was its counter-insurgency division, which was known officially as SWAPOL-COIN or Operation K, but more commonly referred to as Koevoet. Koevoet was initially an autonomous unit under the nominal authority of the SAP Security Branch, but became part of SWAPOL in 1985. Koevoet worked closely with SWAPOL's own Security Branch in investigating crimes of a political nature, namely politically motivated murders. The unit was better known for its combat operations against insurgents of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in Ovamboland, which earned it a formidable reputation. Koevoet's hybrid status as a paramilitary police unit made it something of a legal anomaly; for example, it lacked the mandate to hold insurgents as prisoners of war. Insurgents were technically supposed to be apprehended for trial in open courts as common law criminals. Based on this interpretation, the South West African courts ruled that insurgents captured by Koevoet had to be granted legal representation and could not be detained indefinitely.

With the South African Border War drawing to a close in mid-1989, Koevoet was greatly reduced in size and most of its personnel were reassigned to other divisions by SWAPOL. Additionally, many of the South African personnel were transferred back to the South African Police or the Homeland Forces. In 1988, SWAPOL consisted of 6,500 uniformed personnel, including the 3000-man Koevoet force and the 300-man Air Wing, of which 4000 were local Blacks, 800 were local Whites, 1000 were South African Whites and 700 were South African Blacks. The local Municipal Constabulary, Homeland Guards and Traffic Police were entirely locals, both Black and White Nevertheless, the unit's continued existence was the subject of much controversy, as both current and former Koevoet operators were accused of political intimidation and human rights abuses. United Nations Security Council Resolution 640 explicitly named Koevoet as being a barrier to the peace process in Namibia and demanded its disbandment. SWAPOL dissolved the unit on October 30, 1989.

title: South West African Police


text:
Health human resources

Health human resources (HHR) – also known as human resources for health (HRH) or health workforce – is defined as "all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance positive health outcomes", according to World Health Organization's World Health Report 2006. Human resources for health are identified as one of the six core building blocks of a health system. They include physicians, nursing professionals, pharmacists, midwives, dentists, allied health professions, community health workers, and other social service and health care providers.

Health human resources are further composed of health management and support personnel: those who do not provide direct patient care but add important value to enhance health system efficiency, effectiveness and equity. They include health services managers, medical records and health information technicians, health economists, health supply chain managers, medical secretaries, facility maintenance workers, and others.

The field of HHR deals with issues such as workforce planning and policy evaluation, recruitment and retention, training and development of skilled personnel, performance management, health workforce information systems, and research on health workforce strengthening. Raising awareness of the critical role of human resources in the health care sector - particularly as exacerbated by health labour shortages stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic - has placed the health workforce as one of the highest priorities of the global health agenda.

Global situation
The World Health Organization (WHO) raised the profile of HHR as a global health concern with its landmark 2006 published estimate of a shortage of almost 4.3 million physicians, midwives, nurses and support workers to meet the Millennium Development Goals, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The situation was declared on World Health Day 2006 as a "health workforce crisis" – the result of decades of underinvestment in health worker education, training, wages, working environment and management. The WHO currently projects a global shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030, mostly in low- and lower-middle income countries.

Shortages of skilled for health workers are also reported in many specific care areas. For example, there is an estimated shortage of 1.18 million mental health professionals, including 55,000 psychiatrists, 628,000 nurses in mental health settings, and 493,000 psychosocial care providers needed to treat mental disorders in 144 low- and middle-income countries. Shortages of skilled birth attendants in many developing countries remains an important barrier to improving maternal health outcomes. Physiotherapists and rehabilitation medical specialists have been found to be less available in low- and middle-income countries, despite greater need. Many countries, both developed and developing, report geographical maldistribution of skilled health workers leading to shortages in rural and underserved areas.

Regular statistical updates on the global health workforce situation are collated by the WHO's Global Health Observatory. However, the evidence base remains fragmented and incomplete, largely related to weaknesses in the underlying human resource information systems (HRIS) within countries.

In order to learn from best practices in addressing health workforce challenges and strengthening the evidence base, an increasing number of HHR practitioners from around the world are focusing on issues such as HHR advocacy, equity, surveillance and collaborative practice. Some examples of global HRH partnerships include:
 * Global Health Workforce Network
 * Women in Global Health
 * Health Workforce Information Reference Group (HIRG)

Research
Health workforce research is the investigation of how social, economic, organizational, political and policy factors affect access to health care professionals, and how the organization and composition of the workforce itself can affect health care delivery, quality, equity, and costs.

Many government health departments, academic institutions and related agencies have established research programs to identify and quantify the scope and nature of HHR problems leading to health policy in building an innovative and sustainable health services workforce in their jurisdiction. Some examples of HRH information and research dissemination programs include:

 * Human Resources for Health journal
 * HRH Knowledge Hub, University of New South Wales, Australia
 * Center for Health Workforce Studies, University of Albany, New York
 * Canadian Institute for Health Information: Spending and Health Workforce
 * Public Health Foundation of India: Human Resources for Health in India
 * National Human Resources for Health Observatory of Sudan
 * OECD Human Resources for Health Care Study

Policy and planning
In some countries and jurisdictions, health workforce planning is distributed among labour market participants. In others, there is an explicit policy or strategy adopted by governments and systems to plan for adequate numbers, distribution and quality of health workers to meet health care goals. For one, the International Council of Nurses reports: "The objective of HHRP [health human resources planning] is to provide the right number of health care workers with the right knowledge, skills, attitudes, and qualifications, performing the right tasks in the right place at the right time to achieve the right predetermined health targets."

An essential component of planned HRH targets is supply and demand modeling, or the use of appropriate data to link population health needs and/or health care delivery targets with human resources supply, distribution and productivity. The results are intended to be used to generate evidence-based policies to guide workforce sustainability. In resource-limited countries, HRH planning approaches are often driven by the needs of targeted programmes or projects, for example, those responding to the Millennium Development Goals or, more recently, the Sustainable Development Goals.

The WHO Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) is an HRH planning and management tool that can be adapted to local circumstances. It provides health managers a systematic way to make staffing decisions in order to better manage their human resources, based on a health worker's workload, with activity (time) standards applied for each workload component at a given health facility.

Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel
The main international policy framework for addressing shortages and maldistribution of health professionals is the Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel, adopted by the WHO's 63rd World Health Assembly in 2010. The Code was developed in a context of increasing debate on international health worker recruitment, especially in some higher income countries, and its impact on the ability of many third-world countries to deliver primary health care services. Although non-binding on the Member States and recruitment agencies, the Code promotes principles and practices for the ethical international recruitment of health personnel. It also advocates the strengthening of health personnel information systems to support effective health workforce policies and planning in countries.

Gender and health workforce
The WHO estimates women comprise approximately 70% of the global health workforce, but gender equality remains elusive. Women’s contributions to health and social care services are markedly undervalued; health labour markets around the world continue to be characterized with gender-based occupational segregation, inadequate work conditions free from gender bias and sexual harassment, gender pay gaps, and lack of gender parity in leadership. Numerous HHR studies have shown women healthcare providers earn significantly less on average than men despite similar professional titles, qualifications and job responsibilities. Meanwhile, an estimated 75% of HHR leadership roles are held by men.

title: Health human resources


text:
Trikala (regional unit)

Trikala (Περιφερειακή ενότητα Τρικάλων) is one of the regional units of Greece, forming the northwestern part of the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Trikala. The regional unit includes the town of Kalampaka and the Meteora monastery complex and the mountain range of south Pindus with its destinations (i.e. Pyli's stone bridge, Elati, Pertouli, Palaiokarya's stone bridge and waterfall, Pertouli Ski Center etc.)

Geography
Trikala borders the regional units of Karditsa to the south, Arta to the southwest, Ioannina to the west, Grevena to the north and Larissa to the east.

The southeastern part belongs to the Thessalian Plain. The forested Pindus mountain range dominates the western part. The northern part of Trikala is also mountainous and made up of forests and barren lands, the ranges here are Chasia and Antichasia. Its major river is the Pineios, flowing to the south and east.

Its climate is mainly of Mediterranean character, with hot summers and cold winters,  along with temperate climate conditions  by the mountains.

Administration
The regional unit Trikala is subdivided into 4 municipalities. These are (number as in the map in the infobox):
 * Farkadona (4)
 * Meteora (2)
 * Pyli (3)
 * Trikala (1)

Prefecture
Trikala was created as a prefecture (Νομός Τρικάλων) in 1882. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Trikala was created out of the former prefecture Trikala. The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.

Provinces
Trikala prefecture had two provinces, named Trikala and Kalampaka, after the two largest towns. Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.
 * Province of Trikala
 * Province of Kalampaka

History
The area of Trikala was relatively obscure in ancient Thessaly, as well as during the periods of Macedonian, Romans, and Byzantine rule. Under the Ottomans, Trikala was known as "Tırhala" and became the seat of the Sanjak of Tirhala, encompassing most of Thessaly, until the late 18th century. Despite a number of rebellions against Ottoman rule, the area remained under Ottoman control until joined with the independent Kingdom of Greece in 1881.

Upon annexation by Greece, Trikala became the seat of one of the two prefectures in which Thessaly was divided (the other being Larissa Prefecture). The area was briefly occupied by the Ottomans again during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, and by the Italians and Germans during the Axis occupation of Greece in World War II. In 1947, the southern part was split off as Karditsa Prefecture.

Agriculture
The agriculture of the area is famous, and produces a part of the country's production also in export. Its well-known production includes fruit and vegetables, cotton, olives, cattle and other foodstuffs.

Newspapers

 * I Enimerosi
 * I Erevna
 * dialogos-weekly newspaper of Trikala "t.24310-33263,fax.2431-500059" www.issuu.com/dialogosnews

Transport
There are a number of highways and the main railway from Volos to Meteora crosses Thessaly. The region is directly linked to the rest of Europe through International Airport of Central Greece located in Nea Anchialos in a small distance from Trikala. In the 1980s, the Trikala Bypass was opened and between 1998 and 2006, the Via Egnatia was under construction with tunnels and bridges ; the first section was opened in 2002, and the final section  in 2006.

 * Greek National Road 6, NW, N, Cen., SE
 * Greek National Road 15, NW
 * Greek National Road 30, SW, S

Sports

 * AO Trikala
 * Trikala 2000 BC
 * A.O. Trikala 1963 F.C.
 * G.S. Trikala
 * G.E.A. Trikala
 * G.A.S. Trikala "Zeus"

title: Trikala (regional unit)


text:
HHR

HHR may stand for:

 * Chevrolet HHR, an automobile
 * Hawthorne Municipal Airport (California)
 * Health Hazard Rating
 * Health human resources
 * Hellingly Hospital Railway, a defunct English railway
 * The Heritage Hotel Rockhampton, in Queensland, Australia
 * Home for Human Rights
 * Hridaypur railway station, in West Bengal, India
 * Hughes, Hubbard & Reed, an American law firm
 * Hydra Head Records, a record label
 * Jola-Felupe language, spoken in Senegal and Guinea-Bissau

title: HHR


text:
Talk:Pandavas

Because of the prior existence of the Pandava article, I've merged some of the unique content of this into that article, and some other content into the Kunti article. Some content on Madri has not been merged, pending clarification; see Talk:Madri where I've left comments. Imc 17:59, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pandavas


text:
Legio V Macedonica

Legio V Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied in 43 BC by consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as the Emperor Augustus). It was based in the Balkan provinces of Macedonia, Moesia and Dacia. In the Notitia Dignitatum records from beginning of the fifth century, the legion was still stationed in Dacia, with detachments stationed in the east and Egypt.

The last known evidence shows the legion, or detachments from it, stationed in Egypt in the seventh century one or two years before the Islamic conquest of Egypt. It is often assumed that the legion fought in this war and was destroyed, although it is uncertain whether detachments or the whole legion were in Egypt, and there is no further evidence of the legion's eventual fate.

Its symbol was the bull, but the eagle was used as well.

1st century BC: Creation and deployment in Macedonia
The Legio V was one of the original twenty-eight legions raised by Octavian. There are two other fifth legions recorded: the V Gallica and the V Urbana. It is possible that these both were early names for the V Macedonica. The legion probably participated in the Battle of Actium (31 BC). It later moved to Macedonia, where it stayed from 30 BC to AD 6, gaining its cognomen, before moving to Oescus (Moesia).

1st century: First Jewish–Roman War
It took part  in  the  suppression  of  rebellion among the Thracians south of the Balkan Range during the establishment of the new province of Moesia in AD 45.

In 62, some vexillationes of the Fifth fought under Lucius Caesennius Paetus in the Nero's Parthian War in Armenia. After the defeat of the Battle of Rhandeia, the whole V Macedonica, together with III Gallica, VI Ferrata, and X Fretensis under the command of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, was sent to the east to fight in the conclusion of the war.

The Fifth was probably still in the East when the First Jewish–Roman War in Iudaea Province began in 66. Nero gave the V Macedonica, the X Fretensis and the XV Apollinaris to Titus Flavius Vespasianus to counter the revolt. In 67, in Galilee, the city of Sepphoris surrendered peacefully to the Roman army, and later the V Macedonica conquered Mount Gerizim, the chief sanctuary of the Samaritans. In the Year of the Four Emperors, 68, the legion stayed inactive in Emmaus, where several tombstones of soldiers of the V Macedonica remain. After the proclamation of Vespasian as Emperor and the end of the war under his son Titus, the V Macedonica left Iudaea and returned to Oescus in 71. It took part in the first phase of Domitian's Dacian War in 85-86.

In 96 emperor Hadrian served the legion as an officer (tribunus militum).

2nd century: In Dacia and Near East
In 101, the legion moved to Dacia, to fight in Emperor Trajan's campaign against the king Decebalus. After the war ended in 106, the legion was based in Troesmis (modern Iglita), near the Danube Delta. A centurion of the legion, Calventius Viator, rose to prominence and was eventually promoted to commander of the emperor's horse guards, the equites singulares Augusti.

Based on a Roman inscription discovered near Betar, Hadrian removed the V Macedonica from Dacia (present-day Romania) and sent it to Provincia Iudaea, or what is Judea, along with Legio XI Claudia, in order to put down an insurrection that broke out in the 16th year of his reign as Roman Emperor, while Tineius (Tynius) Rufus  was governor of the province, and which later became known as the Jewish Revolt under Bar Kokhba.

When Emperor Lucius Verus started his campaign against the Parthians (161–166), the legion moved to the east, but was returned to Dacia Porolissensis in 166 under Marcus Aurelius with its basecamp in Potaissa to defend the Dacian provinces against the Marcomannic attacks and those of the Iazyges and the Quadi.

At the beginning of the reign of Commodus, the V Macedonica and the XIII Gemina once again defeated the Iazyges, under the later usurpers Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. The Fifth later supported Septimius Severus, in his fight for the purple.

In 185 or 187, the legion was awarded of the title Pia Constans ("Faithful and reliable") or Pia Fidelis ("Faithful and loyal"), after defeating a mercenary army in Dacia.

Later centuries: Honors and evolution
While remaining at Potaissa for most of the 3rd century, V Macedonica fought several times, earning honors. Valerian gave the Fifth the name III Pia III Fidelis; his son, Gallienus gave the legion the title VII Pia VII Fidelis, with the 4th, 5th and 6th titles awarded probably when the legion was used as a mobile cavalry unit against usurpers Ingenuus and Regalianus (260, Moesia). A vexillatio fought against Victorinus (Gaul, 269–271).

The legion returned to Oescus in 274, after Aurelian had retired from Dacia. It guarded the province in later centuries, becoming a comitatensis unit under the Magister Militum per Orientis. It probably became part of the Byzantine army.

The cavalry unit created by Gallienus was definitively detached by Diocletian, and become part of his comitatus. This unit was sent to Mesopotamia, where it successfully fought against the Sassanid Empire in 296, and then to Memphis, where it remained until becoming part of the Byzantine army.

Legio V Macedonica is mentioned again in the Notitia Dignitatum, stationed in Dacia Ripensis, with detachments in the Oriental Field Army and in Egypt.

Legio V Macedonica is again mentioned in both Antaeapolis and Heliopolis in inscriptions, which seem to have been detachments of the units in Memphis. The last inscription provides the date of 635 or 636, indicating that at least part of the Legion was in Egypt until just before the conquest of Egypt by the Arabs began in 637. This would make Legio V Macedonica the longest-lived Roman Legion known to history, spanning 680 years from 43 BC to 637 AD; the entire history of the Roman Empire in the Classical Era.

title: Legio V Macedonica


text:
User talk:KosslynLab

Welcome!
Hello, KosslynLab, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:00, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

re: GFDL
On Deletion review, you asked if an email will suffice to document the release of content under copyright. In general, yes it will. You should post that email to the relevant article's Talk page. (You can still find and edit the Talk page even if the article itself was deleted.) However, you should be very sure that the author knows that they are releasing the content under the Gnu Free Distribution License. This is much more permissive than just "publication on Wikipedia". You might want to talk to a lawyer if you want to understand all the gory details but in layman's terms, release under GFDL means you have no control over it anymore. Anyone can take the content or any subset of the content and use it for their own purposes. That includes unrestricted commercial re-use. Wikipedia does not allow conditional release. We're just not set up to handle permissions that come with strings attached.

If you and the copyright holders have carefully reviewed the GFDL and are willing to live with its rules, we welcome the content. Many of us are surprised, though, because publications similar to Nature have consistently refused up till now.

By the way, let me also welcome you to Wikipedia. Rossami (talk) 04:19, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KosslynLab


text:
Illinois Route 16

Illinois Route 16 (IL 16) is an east–west highway in central Illinois. Its western terminus is at the Joe Page Bridge over the Illinois River in Hardin, while its eastern terminus is at Paris at Illinois Route 1 and U.S. Route 150, with Illinois Route 133. This is a distance of 174.66 mi.

Route description
Illinois 16 is a major east–west state highway in Central Illinois. It runs east from Hardin to Hillsboro, and then turns northeast to Pana. Illinois 16 then continues east to Shelbyville and then to Paris. It overlaps Illinois 133 shortly before entering Paris.

In Paris, Illinois 16 and Illinois 133 terminate at the intersection of Jasper and Main/Central Streets. Illinois 16/133 run west from this intersection, while U.S. 150 runs north and east. Illinois 1 runs north and south.

History
SBI Route 16 was established in 1918, running originally from Litchfield east to Paris. In 1962, a new 4-lane highway was built from Mattoon to Charleston; this became Illinois 16, while the old alignment became Illinois Route 316, which was dropped sometime in the 1970s.

title: Illinois Route 16


text:
Talk:HardBall!

Release Date
I was just wondering what the exact release date was for the Genesis version of the game. I know the year was 1991 but I need the month and day. Pretty soon you will find me asking this on a lot of games. Fableheroesguild 18:01, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Hardball 5
I'd like to provide some info about Hardball 5.

 * It was released for the Playstation
 * It features historic teams with complete rosters
 * It does not feature real logos, though the Seattle logo was very similar to the Mets logo.
 * In the Playstation version, Oakland and San Francisco are misplaced at the top of their divisions.
 * The game features trading, free agency, and minor leagues.
 * It features historical stadiums.
 * It features two divisions of historic teams: Legends and Immortals. It even has a Legends vs Immortals game in historic mode.

The reason for the historic teams with complete rosters and the historic stadiums is because of the lack of necessity for detail. Nowadays, stadiums have to look as realistic as possible.

Judging by all these features, I'd say this is basically an early simulator.

There are also two versions of Hardball 5 (at least for PC). Hardball 5 (1995) and Hardball 5 (1996). The 1995 version was released prior to the actual 1996 MLB season, the 1996 version was released prior to the actual 1997 MLB season. The game boxes are identical (I think. 1995 may have red/silver lettering, 1996 may have white lettering). To my knowledge, there were no gameplay changes between the 2 versions. The (1996) version was only to update player rosters, stats, and skill levels. I recall getting both versions as a kid when they came out, and Brady Anderson (I'm an Os fan) had really high batting power in the 1996 version and low batting power in the 1995 version because in the 1996 MLB season he had a surprising 50 Home Runs. Another difference, I believe, is that the 1995 version was only compatible with DOS, whereas the 1996 version was also compatible with Windows 95/98. It seems some websites refer to the 1996 version as "hardball 5 enhanced".Mojodaddy (talk) 17:49, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:HardBall!


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Critical incident BC schools

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:11, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Critical incident BC schools
Soapbox stub not edited for over a month. SEWilco 18:11, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research. The giveaway is the use of the first person.  Perhaps a use of the second person might baffle us in the future.  Tempshill 18:27, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no references, looks like original research.-Poli (talk • contribs) 23:15, 2005 July 25 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Tempshill. …Markaci 2005-07-25 T 23:40:24 Z
 * Delete original research. Bearcat 15:46, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
State Theatre (Traverse City, Michigan)

The State Theatre is a movie theater in Traverse City, Michigan. In its current iteration, it is operated by the Traverse City Film Festival, and presents a year-round schedule of film and live performances.

The State is the fourth theatre on its site on East Front Street. The first theatre on the block, Steinberg's Grand Opera House, opened in 1894. It closed in 1915, and was succeeded by the Lyric Theatre, which burned down in 1923. A new Lyric Theatre was built on the same site, and burned down 25 years later in 1948.

The present-day theatre, the State, opened in 1949 and operated as a first-run cinema until 1996. Multiple proposals to reuse the State failed, until it reopened in 2005 as the home of the Traverse City Film Festival. Major renovations were completed in 2007, turning the State into a contemporary atmospheric theatre.

Predecessors
The predecessors of the State Theatre were built by Julius H. Steinberg, Traverse City's first Jewish resident. "Grandfather Julius" arrived in Traverse City in 1868 from Suwałki, Russian Poland, fleeing military conscription. Steinberg expanded his businesses from clothing to dry goods to live performance, and began construction on the State's predecessor, Steinberg's Grand Opera House, in 1891.

Construction of the opera house cost an estimated $60,000, and was financed partially by special sales of merchandise from Steinberg's retail business. The opera house opened in December 1894, with a production of Hamlet featuring Walker Whiteside. Steinberg's Grand Opera House had a seating capacity of 850, and featured a 32 x stage. The opera house was located on the second floor of the Steinberg Block, which also contained Steinberg's other businesses and personal residence.

From its opening, Steinberg's Grand Opera House competed with the larger City Opera House, one block west. Through the early 20th century, Steinberg's presented live shows. Steinberg's showed movies for a brief period, but ceased in 1915, and Julius Steinberg proposed a new Lyric Theatre to replace the Opera House.

The first Lyric Theatre opened in 1916, purpose-built as a cinema. Steinberg sold the Lyric to the Fitzpatrick-McElroy circuit, and it stood until its destruction in a January 1923 fire, along with its entire block. The Lyric was rebuilt by Fitzpatrick-McElroy, reopening in December 1923. The second Lyric Theatre was an entirely new 1250-seat house, featuring a 30 x stage and an orchestra pit for 30 musicians. At its opening, the new Lyric was touted to be "as fireproof as any modern structure can be made."

W.S. Butterfield Theatres bought out the Fitzpatrick-McElroy circuit in September 1927, and took over operation of the Lyric. Butterfield operated the new Lyric until January 1948, when it again burned down.

State Theatre era
W.S. Butterfield Theatres engaged the firm of C. Howard Crane to design the State Theatre on the site of the former Lyric Theatre. The State featured two large murals on the side walls of the auditorium, depicting futuristic visions of cherry ochards and pine trees. On opening day, June 30, 1949, Butterfield advertised that "every innovation in the motion picture theatre field which can add to the comfort and enjoyment of patrons has been included." The State originally featured 900 seats, including 50 on a small balcony.

The State operated as a single-screen cinema until 1978, when it was converted to two auditoriums. The conversion attracted the attention of the local Rotary Club, who performed an annual variety show at the State, but they were unable to make any changes to the plans. The "twinning" of the theatre was complete by Christmas 1978.

W.S. Butterfield Theatres was bought out by GKC Theatres in 1984, and GKC immediately caused controversy by dismissing the unionized projectionists. GKC closed the State in 1996, selling it to local philanthropist Barry Cole, who intended to present live performances in the space. Control of the State passed to the Interlochen Center for the Arts in 2003, but they too were unable to realize the vision of the State as a performing arts center.

The Traverse City Film Festival, led by founder Michael Moore, began using the State in 2005. Rotary Charities of Traverse City bought the theatre in 2006, and sold it to the film festival on favorable terms in 2007. The theatre was subject to deed restrictions, dating back to its 1996 sale by GKC, which forbade the showing of films at the theatre. This was bypassed by GKC's successor Carmike Cinemas, which reached an agreement with Moore and the Film Festival, permitting the showing of limited-distribution films.

The Film Festival refurbished the theatre significantly. One significant addition to the State is a new ceiling, using fiber optics to depict twinkling stars, in a contemporary interpretation of the atmospheric theatre. The atmospheric ceiling was designed by Jerry Dobek, professor of astronomy at Northwestern Michigan College, and accurately depicts the view from Traverse City on a clear night in August.

Programming
The State Theatre offers a variety of weekly programming, from 25¢ Classic and $1 kids matinees and Sensory friendly screenings, to Friday Night Flicks. The State also has an entire week of free screenings each year to coincide with the spring break of Traverse City Area Public Schools.

title: State Theatre (Traverse City, Michigan)


text:
Talk:Duck sauce

Is this really called duck sauce? Surely duck sauce should have duck in it? Deb 18:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Why? Barbecue sauce doesn't contain barbecue.Apofisu 03:16, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Regional
Duck sauce seems to be regional as well. Some places used peaches and apricots, others use plums and apricots. Color also seems to vary, from pink to yellow.

Also, what is the etymology behind "duck sauce" ?

 * Well, I know that several west coast Chinese restaurants I've been to don't use duck sauce at all, and if you ask for it, they've never even heard of it. Closest you can get is sweet & sour sauce, which is a bright red in color, rather than orange or yellow.  Whereas on the east coast, every Chinese restaurant I've ever been to gives you duck sauce by default, whether you ask for it or not.  (They also have sweet & sour sauce, which is definitely distinct from duck sauce.)  Lurlock 05:02, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * As someone who lived and travelled over much of New England, generally in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, "Duck Sauce" as the term is used in New England is usually a mixture of apple sauce and pineapple juice, of the kind found in the bottom of a can of crushed pineapple. I recently moved to South Carolina, and when I ask for duck sauce here, they invariably give me what I'd call plum sauce in New England, the thick gooey orange stuff of the kind found in presealed packets of "duck sauce." I've taken to making my own, but the "duck sauce" found in New England is definitely NOT the same stuff as plum sauce, and if the two articles are merged I think they should be edited to reflect that. I wish I could cite something here, but my efforts to find New England style duck sauce on the internet have been met with failure. 74.181.90.193 (talk) 22:09, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Here in Pennsylvania, duck sauce is more like plum sauce as you've seen in the South. It's the same in New York and New Jersey. I've yet to encounter the New England version - It sounds strange. As for the etymology, I imagine that the first American diners to try it probably experimented with putting it on Peking duck and found that it suited their tastes. The idea of duck in a sweet, fruity sauce is well-founded in Western high cuisine - made from peaches, apricots, or orange, as in the classic French duck l'orange. The combination of meat in general with syrupy fruit sauces and glazes translated in the adaption of Cantonese cuisine to American tastebuds, as seen in the popularity of sweet-and-sour pork (and its variations). --96.227.248.179 (talk) 03:23, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Revert
I reverted this to a redirect to plum sauce, since someone had written that duck sauce was made of ducks, which doesn't seem to be borne out by other info.

Merge with Plum sauce
This article should be merged. They're both two different names for the same sauce. --Db099221 04:39, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Since there hasn't been any further objection, I'm going to merge the Plum sauce article into this one. Plum sauce doesn't contain any info that's not in this article (actually, I think they are exactly the same), so I'm going just going to clear Plum sauce and make the redirect. --Sopoforic 21:46, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

I beg to differ, sir
I answered the etymology question, at least a bit. And it should not be merged with duck sauce, seeing that everyone is asking about duck sauce specifically as it seems to be a more common name. Even on the plum sauce page there is a discussion about why it's called duck sauce. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.191.223.69 (talk)

 * There's no reason we can't redirect the one article to the other after we merge. --Sopoforic 23:26, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

A "more common name"?!?! It's only bloody Americans who use this name! And not all of them! In Australia, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Indonesia, we call it "plum sauce". Pure and simple! Why do Americans insist on making up stupid names for stuff? Morandir (talk) 04:35, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Strewth. Australians NEVER make up stupid names for things. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.70.113 (talk) 00:28, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

I have tried "Duck Sauce" and to me it tastes like French ranch but lighter in flavor and texture colour. MKandMCrCool (talk) 22:48, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

Plum Sauce
Where I'm from (northeastern US), plum sauce is used to refer to Hoisin sauce, not duck sauce. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.140.171.5 (talk) 19:57, 17 April 2007 (UTC).
 * Completely different from plum or duck sauce. see Hoisin Sauce. It, also, is used on spring rolls, as duck sauce is, but has different ingedients. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.38.59.161 (talk) 01:28, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

New source
Smithsonian Magazine did an article recently about the history of "duck sauce" and its numerous regional varieties/labels; it might be a useful source for this article. A fluffernutter is a sandwich! (talk) 17:21, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duck sauce


text:
Henry III the White

Henry III the White (Henryk III Biały) (c. 1227/1230 – 3 December 1266), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1248 until his death, as co-ruler with his brother Władysław.

Life
He was the third son of the Polish high duke Henry II the Pious, by his wife Princess Anna, daughter of the Přemyslid king Ottokar I of Bohemia. After the heroic death of his father at the Battle of Legnica on 9 April 1241, Henry III was still a minor and found himself under the care of the mother together with his youngest brothers Konrad and Władysław.

In 1242, the unexpected death of his brother Mieszko, placed him in the second place immediately after his oldest brother Bolesław II the Bald. Since then, he became in the head of the political opposition in the Lower Silesia against the government of Bolesław II.

Duke of Wrocław
The first appearance of Henry III as adult was found only in 1247; however, Bolesław II didn't have any intentions to share the power with him. He only changed his mind after the revolt of his brothers, who even captured him. Henry III was made the co-ruler with his older brother. The cooperation between the brothers was not very good and a year later, under pressure from Henry III, they decided to make a division of the districts Legnica–Głogów–Lubusz and Wrocław. Bolesław, as the older brother, had the opportunity to choose his district; he decided on Legnica, because gold had been discovered in the Kaczawa and Wierzbiak Rivers.

Bolesław II may have hoped that Henry III encountered serious difficulties with Wrocław (which he received in the division), so at the end the Duchy would come back to him. These expectations, however, never happened. Henry III was a strong ruler, and almost immediately he could impose his will over the powerful nobility. An additional point of the agreement was the obligation to offer hospitality to the younger brothers, Konrad and Władysław, who were destined to the espiritual career. Henry III's successful attempts to make Władysław entered in the Church had a total contrast with the relations between Bolesław and Konrad. Between them, were several disputes, in particular after Konrad claimed his own district and refused to become a priest. Open war between Henry III (who supported Konrad) and Bolesław II was only a matter of time.

Bolesław II, without funds, began to fear the prospect of an armed conflict with his brothers. In order to obtain the necessary resources to conduct the war, he decided to sell half of Lubusz to the Archbishop of Magdeburg. Unfortunately for him, Henry III also began to seek an ally in the rulers of Meissen. Defeated, Bolesław II was forced to give the district of Głogów to Konrad, who wished to enforce Henry III's intervention over Legnica in 1250. When Konrad decided on Bolesław II's kidnapping, even to the ruler of Wrocław, this was too much. All these treatments are not expected to take effect over the Duke of Wrocław, however, as Henry III in his relations with the brothers now sought to avoid open conflicts. Only in 1253, when the authority of Bolesław II collapsed completely, Henry III helped him to return to his Duchy.

Alliance with Bohemia and war against the Greater Poland dukes
Between the 1250s and 1260s Henry III became the most powerful Piast Duke of Lower Silesia. Consequently, it was not surprising that he was active in international politics. Henry III made alliances with his relatives, the Dukes of Opole and Głogów, and with the Kings of Bohemia, Wenceslaus I and Ottokar II (in the years 1251, 1252, 1259, 1261 Henry III was in the royal court in Prague). The cooperation with the Přemyslids, however, was not having the expected results. After Bohemia decided to interfere in the Babenberg succession of Austria with the support of the English, Henry III decided to reaffirm his alliance with them and repudiated his treaty with the rulers of Greater Poland, Przemysł I and Bolesław the Pious and the Árpád dynasty. They decided to punish Henry III, and during 1253–1254 the Duchy of Wrocław was besieged and plundered. Attempts to force concessions, either by blackmail (as was the case in 1256, when the sons of Henry II the Pious took the intervention of the papal Curia, but to regain some lost by Bolesław the Pious) or bribery (the exchange of Dańkow in 1262, promised by Henry III to Bolesław the Pious and Bolesław V the Chaste if they switched to the Bohemian side) did not yield a positive result.

Internal politics and relations with the nobility
In the internal politics, Henry III stood on guard to defend the prerogatives of the Piast dynasty, and the church actively supported him, because Henry III supported Bishop Thomas of Wrocław against Bolesław II in their disputes. This particular policy was not pleasing the Wrocław nobility; by 1266 several riots erupted among the nobles and knights, which contributed to the premature death of the Duke.

Another manifestation of Henry III's rule was the intensive German colonization of Lower Silesia, which significantly contributed to the growth and prosperity of his Duchy. Many cities were founded during this time, and in Ostrów Tumski in Wrocław a huge castle was built. Henry III also generously supported artists in his court. In the 13th century, German was the language of policy.

Revolt of 1266
The dictatorial internal politics of Henry III led to a rebellion of the townspeople. The pretext emerged in the mid-year 1266 when they tried to forced a division of the Duchy of Wrocław between Henry III and his brother Archbishop Władysław of Salzburg. Władysław was not the head of the revolt and this was total surprise to him. His origins are certainly among the nobility.

The Polish historian Jerzy Mularczyk, had two possibles leaders of the revolt: first, the Bishop Thomas of Wrocław, who, taking advantage from Henry III's apparent weakness, tried to strengthen the position of the church; but after watching how the Duke concentrated all the power in his hands and stripped the nobility from his privileges, he feared that this also happened with the Church hierarchy, which certainly he did not permit.

The second possible leader was to be Bolesław II the Bald who hoped, in case of the eventual division of the Duchy of Wrocław and the expected death of Władysław without heirs -because he followed the spiritual career-, recovered at least 1/3 of Wrocław (the remaining 2/3 would be retained by Henry III, his other brother Konrad, and their descendants) for him or his successors. The rapprochement between Bishop Thomas and Bolesław II was proved by a document, in which the Duke of Legnica called Bishop Thomas as his "compater noster", an unusual way to refer to somebody who supposed a close bond between them. However, there did not exist direct evidence for this theory. Of the revolt of the mid-year 1266 little is known, but it certainly failed, as the Duchy was not divided.

Death
Henry III was not in time to celebrate his success, because only a few months later he suddenly died with only thirty-nine years old. Like is common in such situations, soon began the rumours about poisoning. This is reflected, in the Kronika polska written by the cisternian monk Engelbert around 1283–1285.

The source of the unnatural circumstances of his death suggests that some of the Silesian Dukes maybe conspired against him, and this suggestion is not unfounded. This was proved by the last months of Henry III's life, as he spent all this time fighting against the internal opposition of his rule. Certainly there was a large group of people affected by the Duke's punishment after the end of the revolt who decided to eliminate him from the scene.

The participation of the two possible leaders of the revolt of mid-1266, Bishop Thomas and Bolesław II the Bald, and seems unlikely. Their benefits from Henry III's death were small: Wrocław passed into the hands of Henry IV, a minor, under the regency of the Archbishop Władysław, which doesn't change the radical politics of his late brother. Henry III's dying request to extend the rule of Władysław's regency was made with the clear purpose to reduce the suspicion of guilt against him. Guilty for his death should therefore be found primarily among those dissatisfied with the rule of knights, or divide Wrocław.

In addition to the Kronika polska, the mysterious death of Henry III was written even on his tombstone: Anno domini Millesimo, Nonas Decembris obiit veneno inclitus dux Wratislaviensis Henricus tertius, secundus filius secundi Henrici, a Thartaris. From there, this information will be received by the Chronicle of the Silesian Dukes and the Genealogy and life of St. Hedwig to Jan Długosz.

The year of Henry III's death is absolutely certain, as is confirmed by all the documentary and oral sources of that time. However, there are disparities about the exact date. 3 December was confirmed as the best, although there are also sources date: 1 December, 5 December and 29 November. Henry III was buried in the Clare Church in Wrocław, which was still under construction.

Marriages and issue
On 2 June 1252, Henry III married firstly with Judith (b. 1222/25 – d. 4 December 1257/65?), daughter of Duke Konrad I of Masovia and widow of Mieszko II the Fat, Duke of Opole. They had two children:
 * 1) Hedwig (b. ca. 1256 – d. aft. 14 December 1300), married firstly by 1271/72 to Henry, Lord of Pleissnerland -eldest son of Albert II, Margrave of Meissen-, and secondly in 1283 with Otto I, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben.
 * 2) Henry IV Probus (b. ca. 1258 – d. 24 June 1290).

Shortly before his death in 1266, Henry III married secondly with Helena (b. 1247 – d. 12 June 1309), daughter of Albert I, Duke of Saxony. They had no children.

title: Henry III the White


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Queerteachers

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:10, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Queerteachers
Soapbox stub not edited for over a month. SEWilco 18:10, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Bad title, so a redirect isn't practical. Content is not NPOV; it's more like a blog entry mixed with an essay, so I don't believe any of it can successfully be merged.  Joyous  (talk) 18:51, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even though the theme seems encyclopedic to me, the article has a bad title and the content isn't presently encyclopedic. If it gets rewritten, I could change my vote.-Poli (talk • contribs) 23:14, 2005 July 25 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Poli. Same content as Critical incident BC schools (VfD) . …Markaci 2005-07-25 T 23:44:46 Z
 * There's unquestionably a valid article to be had on Homophobia in education, but this isn't it. Delete. Bearcat 15:42, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Joyous. Exploding Boy 23:17, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable (the content not the topic), original research.     19:26, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Svein Inge Valvik

Svein Inge Valvik (born 20 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian discus thrower. He represented SK Vidar, IF Kamp-Vestheim, IK Tjalve, Stabæk IF and Urædd.

He finished seventh in the discus final at the 1994 European Championships with a throw of 62.02 metres. He competed at the 1988 and 1996 Summer Olympics as well as the World Championships in 1987, 1991 and 1995 without reaching the final. He became Norwegian champion in discus throw in the years 1977, 1985 and 1990-1996.

His personal best throw was 68.00 metres, achieved in May 1982 in Juárez. This makes him the second best discus thrower in Norwegian history after Knut Hjeltnes.

He currently works as a teacher at Porsgrunn Videregående Skole.

title: Svein Inge Valvik


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Christian neoteny

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:11, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Christian_neoteny
The article is a Neologism, goes against the policy No_original_research, and basically advertises the author's pet theory. This page, and the author's website were linked-to from Neoteny. Try a google search on "Christian Neoteny". Dosai 18:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research / soapbox. Tempshill 18:25, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 21:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research.-Poli (talk • contribs) 23:16, 2005 July 25 (UTC)
 * Delete POV original research. JamesBurns 08:17, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV Mccready 08:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
John Russell Bartlett

John Russell Bartlett (October 23, 1805 – May 28, 1886) was an American historian and linguist.

Early life
Bartlett was born in Providence, Rhode Island, on October 23, 1805, the son of Smith Bartlett and Nancy (Russell) Bartlett. In 1819 he was a student at the Lowville Academy in Lowville, New York, which he attended for two years. From 1807 to 1824 he lived in Kingston, Canada. From 1824 to 1836 he lived in Providence where he worked first as a clerk in his uncle's dry goods store (1824–1828), then as a bookkeeper and acting teller at the Bank of North America (1828–1831), and finally as the first cashier of the Globe Bank (1831–1836).

Intellectual life, business
In 1831, he was one of the founders of the Providence Athenaeum, and was elected its first treasurer. That year he was also elected to membership in the Rhode Island Historical Society. The following year he was ordering books for the newly founded Providence Franklin Society, an early lyceum. Over the course of his life he became involved with a number of other organizations including the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and being elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1856.

Bartlett moved to New York City in 1836, where he became a partner in the dry goods commission house of Jesup, Swift and Company. In 1840 he and his friend Charles Welford started the bookselling and publishing firm of Bartlett and Welford which was located in the Astor House hotel on the west side of Broadway between Vesey and Barclay streets. The firm, which was known for its large stock of foreign books, issued five catalogs between 1840 and 1848. While in New York, he became friends with a number of leading intellectuals, including the ethnologist and public servant Albert Gallatin. In 1842, he helped Gallatin found the American Ethnological Society. Bartlett later served as the Foreign Corresponding Secretary of the organization.

Bartlett is known in the field of lexicography for his Dictionary of Americanisms (1848), a pioneering work that, although supplanted by later dialect studies, is still of value to students of language and remains a valuable contribution to the subject. Later editions were published in 1859, 1860, and 1877. The first edition was translated into Dutch and published in 1854. The third edition of 1860 was translated into German and published in 1866.

United States Boundary Commissioner, travels through the American Southwest
Bartlett returned to Providence in 1850. He then traveled to Washington D.C., intending to request the position of ambassador to Denmark. Instead he was offered the position of United States Boundary Commissioner responsible for surveying the boundary between the United States and Mexico. This required him to form a group to travel throughout the Southwest. Members of the Whig Party deluged Bartlett with applications for positions on the survey for young men recommended by talents such as "a true gentleman", "skilled in French", "Having a talent for words", "a citizen of Providence", etc. Bartlett was criticized for accepting many men who had no relevant skills to offer the survey and did not flourish while traveling and camping in the West. He did resist some inappropriate requests, daring to reject the recommendation of one Thomas W. Jones by Henry Clay and nine other US Senators, pointing out that Jones was "a hanger-on in Washington and all wanted him out of the way".

Some group members were more useful; in addition to the professional surveyors, there were four botanists and four zoologists who made significant collections. Some were at least decorative; the painter Henry Cheever Pratt contributed thirty plates to Bartlett's A Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora and Chihuahua (2 vols, 1854), published after Bartlett was superseded by another commissioner. It contains much valuable scientific and historical material concerning the area. Bartlett collected word lists from many of the Native Americans who he met. The autoethnonym of the Seri people of northwestern Mexico, Comcaac (which he wrote as "komkak"), was first recorded by Bartlett during a short visit to the area in early 1852. The word was included in the list of approximately 180 words that Bartlett archived in the Bureau of American Ethnology (now part of the National Anthropological Archives, housed at the Smithsonian).

He remained Boundary Commissioner from 1850 to 1853, when the Whig Party lost power upon the accession of President Franklin Pierce.

Secretary of State for Rhode Island, librarian
From 1855 to 1872 Bartlett was Secretary of State of Rhode Island, and while serving in this capacity thoroughly re-arranged and classified the state records and prepared various bibliographies and compilations, relating chiefly to the history of the state. In the later years of his life he became the librarian for the John Carter Brown Library and collated an exhaustive catalog of the collection that was published in four volumes. He died in Providence on May 28, 1886.

Marriages and children
Bartlett married Eliza Allen Rhodes of Pawtuxet, Rhode Island on May 15, 1831. They had seven children, including four daughters: Elizabeth Dorrance (1833–1840), Anna Russell (1835–1885), Leila (1846–1850), and Fanny Osgood (1850–1882). The last daughter was named for the poet Frances Sargent Osgood, a friend of the family. Their three sons were Marine Corps major Henry Anthony (1838–1901), George Francis (1840–1842), captain, and later rear admiral on the Retired List, John R. Bartlett, USN, who served in the Civil War and Spanish–American War and who was also a noted oceanographer. Eliza died in 1853. On November 12, 1863, Bartlett married his second wife, Ellen Eddy, of Providence.

Selected works

 * Bartlett, John Russell (1854). Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua: Connected with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, During the Years 1850, '51, '52, and '53 (Vol. I) and (Vol. II) New York: D. Appleton & Company.
 * Bartlett, John Russell (1854). Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua: Connected with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission, During the Years 1850, '51, '52, and '53 (Vol. I) and (Vol. II) New York: D. Appleton & Company.

title: John Russell Bartlett


text:
Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation

The Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation is a state-recognized tribe in North Carolina.

They first formed as the Eno Occaneechi Indian Association in 1984 but changed their name in 1994. They claim descent from the historic Occaneechi, Saponi, and other Eastern Siouan language-speaking Indians who occupied the Piedmont of North Carolina and Virginia.

The tribe maintains an office in Mebane, where it carries out programs to benefit more than 2,000 members. John "Blackfeather" Jeffries (d. 2023) of Hillsborough, North Carolina, served as chairperson for many years.

Historical tribes
Limited documentation exists linking members of the tribe to the historical Occaneechi and Saponi tribes. After warfare in the Southeast in the 18th century, most of the remaining Saponi tribe members went north. In 1740, Saponi migrated to Shamokin in Pennsylvania for protection with the Haudenosaunee. In 1711 the majority of Saponi migrated with the Cayuga to near Ithaca, New York, while some remained in Pennsylvania until 1778. After the American Revolution, they relocated with the Iroquois in Canada, as they had been allies of the British.

After the war and migration, the Saponi allegedly disappeared from the historical record in the Southeast. Possibly because of racial discrimination that often included them in records only as free people of color, when the states and federal government had no category in censuses for American Indian. This was especially true in the late 19th and early 20th century, after white Democrats regained control of state legislatures across the South and imposed a binary system of racial segregation.

If remnant Saponi stayed in North Carolina they would have been acculturated. The community that claims descent was located at the old "Little Texas" community of Pleasant Grove Township, where the state tribe owns 25 acre of land. In the 20th century, the community worked to learn Native American cultural traditions.

Nonprofit organization
In 1996, the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation formed a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, and Vickie Jeffries serves as the organization's principal officer. Its mission is "to bring awareness and recognition of the Occaneechi Indians."

State-recognition
The state of North Carolina formalized its recognition process for Native American tribes and created the North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs (NCCIA) in 1971. In January 1990, as the Eno Occaneechi Indian Association, the Occaneechi Band petitioned the NCCIA for state recognition but in 1995, the NCCIA's recognition committee denied recognition to the organization on lack of evidence of its connection to the historical tribes it claimed. The committee's denial was based on the "petitioner's failure to meet the required five of eight criteria necessary for such recognition and their failure to establish heritage to an Indian tribe indigenous to North Carolina for at least the last 200 years."

In 1996, Occaneechi Band "filed a petition for contested case hearing with the Office of Administrative Hearings" which precipitated a year and a half of mediation. An administrative law judge recommended the NCCIA committee grant recognition to the Occaneechi Band. The NCCIA recognition committee made its Final Agency Decision against state recognition in June 1999. In August 1999, the Occaneechi Band petitioned the Orange County Superior Court, which ruled in favor of the NCCIA.

In August 2001, Judge Loretta Copeland Biggs ruled in Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation v. North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs that the commission had not rendered its Final Agency Decision within the allotted time frame, so the administrative law judge's recommendation held, and the Occaneechi Band was state recognized.

Federal recognition
The Occaneechi Band of Saponi Nation, represented by Lawrence Dunmore III, sent a letter of intent to petition for U.S. federal recognition as a Native American tribe in 1995, and the Eno-Occaneechi Tribe of Indians sent a letter in 1997; however, neither submitted complete petitions to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Activities
The band purchased 24-acres of farmland, where its Homeland Preservation Project constructed a replica of Occaneechi Town, an 1880s-style farm, a 1930-style farm, a dance ground, and pavilion. They rededicated the land in April 2022. There they host their annual powwow on the second weekend in June on Dailey Store Road, ten miles (16 km) north of Mebane.

title: Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lgbtq

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT: 9r, 3d, 1k, interpreting the cleanup vote as a keep. There is certainly no consensus to keep the content. -Splash 17:20, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Lgbtq
Soapbox stub not edited for over a month. SEWilco 18:11, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not a term. Tempshill 18:28, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Clean-up. It is too a term.  Thorns Among Our Leaves 20:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to LGBT, which already has a description of this term (under Variants). —PrologFan {Talk} 22:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to LGBT.-Poli (talk • contribs) 23:10, 2005 July 25 (UTC)
 * Redirect as above. --Carnildo 23:14, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per User:Poli --malathion talk 23:15, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect → LGBT as per PrologFan. …Markaci 2005-07-25 T 23:42:04 Z
 * Redirect to LGBT. JamesBurns 08:18, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per PrologFan. Sietse 13:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to LGBT. Not soapbox; just redundant. Bearcat 15:50, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Exploding Boy 23:18, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to LGBT. I'm wondering if a vote is needed to change this to a redirect?  Couldn't someone just be bold?  I've changed several pages that were more substantial than this to redirects without posting them here.  Was I doing something wrong? -- Samuel Wantman 10:06, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It is OK to redirect pages without asking for permission here, but if a page is already listed here it shouldn't be redirected until after the vote is closed. —PrologFan {Talk} 20:47, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lgbtq