text:
User talk:G.g.

How may I contact you?
Your connection to Kerry "Norma Jean" Smyser is something I would love to discuss. She was very dear to me growing up. I am not well versed in using Wikipedia and I apologise if this is the incorrect channel. Please advise the best way to contact you if you are open to it. - Eva D 1.41.176.25 (talk) 00:45, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Blocks?
Just to confirm - the block isn't a problem now, correct? DS 17:50, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

hi, at the moment im back at home using my own IP. so no problem there. but when i go back to visiting my girlfriend again over the next few days i will check to see if i am blocked under her IP or not. User:G.g.

Yep, not a problem. Thanks for your help. User:G.g.

Web-screenshot tag
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia. I've noticed you've uploaded some images tagged with web-screenshot. This tag is not meant to be used for images that came from Web pages; it's meant to be used for images of Web pages (such as Image:Wikipedia.PNG, for example). I've retagged the images below as having no license information. Please make sure that Wikipedia has permission to use these images. Then edit the image description pages to include information about the licenses these images are under. You may find an appropriate tag at Image copyright tags or Template messages, or if none of these fit you may write a description of the license yourself. You may want to refer to the image use policy. If the use of this image on Wikipedia is a copyright violation, please follow the steps at Images and media for deletion to nominate this image to be deleted. If you have any questions please feel free to post a message on my talk page. —Bkell 21:00, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Image:Gg47.jpg

Image tagging for Image:GgAllin001.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:GgAllin001.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:04, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

GG Allin Page
Hi, thanks for the message you left. I need help! Please help. Basically, the ggallin001.jpg you marked as needing licensing fixing etc. I'm a bit out of my depth with what consitutes what exactly and dont want to make a mistake etc. I read thru the links you provided and i wasn't sure, but just quickly i changed the license to it. Then probably realizing it was wrong or unsure, I recreated that original image i uploaded, called it ggallin.jpg and posted it for the article, saying that i owned the rights to that image and release it to the public etc. but it didnt appear in the tag for it for some reason. Meanwhile, the ggallin001.jpg still is on the server and probably needs to be deleted. I got an autobot message saying something about it to be deleted in 7 days etc.

Could you perhaps help me out a little in choosing the right license and fixing the whole thing up so its not a problem anymore, please? First time ever I've dealt with all these wikipedia licensing tags etc and it takes a little experience before i'll be better in the future at it.

So, please leave me a message on my talkpage and discuss it a little bit with me till I understand 100%.

my talk page. —G.g. 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello, G.g. I haven't done anything with this image; you can see by the history that it was OrphanBot who tagged the image as having no source and who left the message on your talk page. I'll try to help you out the best I can, though.
 * All images on Wikipedia need to have information about their source. This is so the copyright holder of the image can be determined. If you took that photograph yourself (i.e., if you are the original photographer), then you are the copyright holder, and you just need to indicate this somehow on the image description page. Just saying "I took this photo" will be fine.
 * However, it appears from your original summary ("A snapshot taken by me of a web picture of GG Allin.") that you are not the original photographer. This summary appears to mean that you got the image from a Web page. If this is the case, then you need to give the address of the Web page you got it from.
 * Please let me know if you need help or have any questions. —Bkell (talk) 17:44, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Antiseen
This article is up for deletion. I thought maybe you could help provide more links to media coverage, tour info, etc.? PT ( s-s-s-s ) 21:04, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Hm.
Thanks for your quick response. Before we begin, I'll say this - I follow the spirit of the policy, not the letter, and I recommend a review of applicable Wikipedia policies at your earliest convenience. A copy of this note will be posted on the MedCab case page so the other disputant can see it as well. Enjoy your day. CQJ 15:05, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Comments about the Mediation Cabal case should go on the case page - not my talk page, and especially not using every little diff and every little argument you've already used on the Danzig talk page.
 * 2) Please keep all of your comments under 500 words. Disputants who take the wordy high-road with me don't get far, especially since I already have attempted to read the article talk page, comments that you and the other disputant have traded back and forth, and most of the last 100 revisions you and the other fellow were responsible for.  Multiply that times three (my average "case load"), and most of my spare time is sucked into reading arguments and not doing fun stuff like editing.

Protection and other matters at Glenn Danzig
After the latest exchange at the page and related talk, I've had the article protected. I've also summarily archived the talk page, so we're starting totally new and fresh. I expect both of you to visit the Mediation Cabal case page at Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-08-16 Glenn Danzig and sign the gentleman's agreement titled 'Standards for Informal Mediation' as soon as possible, and I will be waiting to do anything else on the article until that is accomplished.

I expect any and all editors taking part in a mediation with me to conduct themselves as gentlemen and as adults, and that means following Wikipedia policy. I have taken this action to head off another edit war and future administrator action against either of you, and I hope you understand that I am looking out for both of your best interests in this case. However, should this behavior continue, I can guarantee administrator enforcement against either one or both of you, and I do not recommend continuing in the manner that you both have conducted yourselves within the last 24 hours. I am sorry to be so harsh and to the point, but there are plenty other Wikipedians that need Mediation Cabal assistance at this time, and my time is limited to those who A) need and B) will benefit most from my assistance.

Thank you. Please sign the gentleman's agreement as soon as you can. CQJ 17:00, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Your edits to GG Allin
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia, G.g.! However, your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, and try to reinsert the link again. If your link was genuine spam, please note that inserting spam into Wikipedia is against policy. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! Shadowbot 16:41, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:GgAllin.jpg)
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Fair use rationale for File:GG Court Sentencing.pdf
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:GG Court Sentencing.pdf. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 00:51, 22 December 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello G.g.! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:57, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Kerry Norton-Smyser -

File:GG Clinical Transcript.pdf missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as File:GG Clinical Transcript.pdf is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors to make better use of the image, and it will be more informative for readers.

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If you have any questions please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 08:58, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:G.g.


text:
Next World

Next World was BoA's second remix album after her Peace B. Remixes album in 2002. It featured many remixes of her hit songs, and collection of several English version of her songs from previous singles.

Track listing

 * 1) "Holiday" (Palmdrive featuring BoA & Firstklas)
 * 2) "Kiseki / 奇蹟" (Soul'd Out Remix)
 * 3) "Flying Without Wings" (Westlife featuring BoA)
 * 4) "Show Me What You Got" (Bratz featuring BoA & Howie D.) (DJ Watarai Remix)
 * 5) "Jewel Song" (Akira's Canto Diamante Version)
 * 6) "Shine We Are!" (Remixed by G.T.S) (Groove That Soul Remix)
 * 7) "Flower" (Remixed by Daisuke Imai featuring Lisa) (D.I's "Luv Hurts" Remix)
 * 8) "Winding Road" (featuring Dabo)
 * 9) "Everything Needs Love" (Mondo Grosso featuring BoA) (Piano-pella)
 * 10) "Valenti" (English version)
 * 11) "Every Heart: Minna no Kimochi" (English version)
 * 12) "Listen To My Heart" (English version)
 * 13) "Amazing Kiss" (English version)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Next World


text:
Senegalese Popular Bloc

The Senegalese Popular Bloc (in French: Bloc Populaire Sénégalais (BPS)) was the result of the merger of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc (BDS) of Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese Democratic Union (UDS), Casamancian Autonomous Movement (MAC) and a fraction of the Senegalese Popular Movement (MPS) led by Abdolaye Thiaw. It held its constitutive congress in Dakar from February 23–25, 1957. The merger was however already in effect since August 1956.

The congress elected Senghor as its political director and Mamadou Dia as the general secretary.

On January 11 the same year BPS organized a meeting in Dakar, launching the African Convention. The Convention was intended to evolve into an all-AOF party. The launching of the Convention was preceded by failed efforts of unity between BPS and the African Democratic Rally (RDA). Senghor wanted the Convention to fill the role of a party corresponding to the Indépendents d'Outre-Mer parliamentary fraction that he belonged to.

In 1958 the African Convention and the African Socialist Movement merged to form the Party of African Regroupment (PRA). As a result of this merger BPS merged with the Senegalese section of MSA, Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS), and formed the Senegalese Progressive Union (UPS).

title: Senegalese Popular Bloc


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Rolf Ellmer

Rolf Johannes Ellmer (born 3 December 1960) is a classically trained musician and composer (concert-guitarist) and has become one of Germany's most well known producers in the techno and trance scene.

Together with Markus Löffel (alias Mark Spoon), also from the German music scene, he has recorded under several monikers such as Jam & Spoon, Tokyo Ghetto Pussy and Storm. He was a member of the group Dance 2 Trance, along with Dag Lerner (alias DJ Dag), which had success all over the world and he is considered to be one of the pioneers of trance music.

A string of hits under Jam & Spoon include "Right in The Night", "Stella", "Kaleidoscope Skies", "How Stella Got Her Groove Back", and "Set Me Free (Empty Rooms)".

Ellmer has also worked as a producer and remixer for other artists such as Deep Forest, Enigma, Moby, and Frankie Goes to Hollywood. Furthermore, he is recognized for being a successful DJ.

title: Rolf Ellmer


text:
User talk:Sajidhossain

sajid

title: User talk:Sajidhossain


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Premium Jesus

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Premium Jesus
From the article itself, they "wrote no songs, had no albums and no platnum-record of the year award gracing their shelves, but they did have strong determination and other stuff hero's have". That's great and all, but it doesn't make them notable. Delete. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:07, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non Notable. They had their chance, and frittered it away. Hamster Sandwich 10:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * A tongue-in-cheek account of how a group of Australian schoolchildren danced, played hand-ball, and drank a brand-name soft drink — doing everything except forming a band named Premium Jesus. It's completely unverifiable, of course. Delete. Uncle G 10:32:29, 2005-07-26 (UTC)
 * A band that never actually played any music in its entire lifetime is the extremity of non-notability. Delete.   — J I P | Talk 12:40, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless proof of compliance to WP:MUSIC is presented.-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:14, 2005 July 26 (UTC)
 * Delete, clearly nn james gibbon  15:03, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It should be nominated for the 'Non-notablest WP Article of the Year Award' (we should also create an award like that in Wikipedia)...Just kidding --Neigel von Teighen 15:08, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The misplaced apostrophe is just the final straw. DJ Clayworth 16:02, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn boyband vanity. -- Etacar11   00:25, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. JamesBurns 09:14, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:TransLink (Brisbane) services

Shouldn't this page be expanded into a list of all TransLink routes? The only remaining operators to change are Connex and Surfside - perhaps when they are done, all 3-digit routes could be included in a new page (something like the MetLink page, except for South-East Queensland as a whole - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Melbourne_bus_routes)

Better Fomat
Calling for anyone who may know how to better improve the list of rotes into a more readable format, while still retaining all existing information (i.e. Route number, type, origin, destination, via's and operating days). If you would let me know on my how the best way of accomplishing this would be on my talk page, that would be hugely appreciated. Regards, Mathieumcguire 23:52, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Some suggestions
Left on your page. I think all routes should have standard info i.e. number, termini/loop area serviced, operating times and operator - other information which may be applicable to certain services - service type (e.g. express, bullet, link, local)

Brisbane Central
Brisbane Central is actually a discrete set of services which do not specifically fit into the other four Brisbane regions. The timetables for these services are dark blue, as opposed to light blue (south), orange (east), light green (north) or pink (west). I have included any services with either a dark blue timetable indicating it to be a Brisbane Central service or any service listed in the table at http://www.translink.qld.gov.au/qt/TransLin.nsf/index/BTRouteMapsInnerCity

Poor Editing
The editing performed by the variety of users on this page is not following any specific format. PLEASE follow one format when adding to the article. A concensus as to what this format should be should be made before any furthar edits - an suggested example is provided below.

Routes 000-099 (Upper Region) - Operated By Moonbus

 * 000 - Origin - Desitnation All Stops via Location A, Location B and Location C (Monday - Friday only)
 * 001 - Origin - Destination2 Express via Location A and Location D

Routes 900-999 (Lower Region) - Operated By Starbus

 * 998 - City - Destination2 All Stops via Location C (Peak flow only)

Code version:

Routes 000-099 (Upper Region) - Operated By Moonbus

 * 000 - Origin - Desitnation All Stops via Location A, Location B and Location C (Monday - Friday only)
 * 001 - Origin - Destination2 Express via Location A and Location D

Routes 900-999 (Lower Region) - Operated By Starbus

 * 998 - City - Destination2 All Stops via Location C (Peak flow only)

Points to note in this example:
 * All routes begin with a bulletpoint
 * Route number, origin, destination and service type is bolded
 * Route number and origin and destination seperated by an dash
 * Operating days are breif, and are either: "Monday - Saturday only", "Monday - Friday only", "Peak hours only" (travels during peak hours, but in both directions), "Peak flow only", or nothing for a 7 day service
 * Categories are grouped by operator, as well as region
 * Only the northern and southern regions are serviced by more than one operator, but this can easily be solved by using a sub-category
 * A destination is linked to its related article (even if the article does not exist yet), but only in its first mention. Most of the time, in South East Queensland, this will be written as Location

This example is followed under my edit in the Brisbane City Routes (Brisbane Transport) section. Mathieumcguire 04:03, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Formatting
I am adopting the format above, except I will continue to add operator codes; also, I will have to add "evening" for Sunbus 601 and "before evening" or something similar for 600/620, as the 601 does not operate except during evenings (i.e. cannot just say peak) when it replaces the 600 and 620 as a long joint route in both directions (i.e. cannot say peak flow).

Brisbane South runs are operated by PRT at times (140, 141, 142); Brisbane North has runs by Hornibrook (315) and BBL (399); Brisbane West has a run by Westside (463); Connex will soon have runs in the 240 range (Brisbane East); Mt Gravatt also operates in the Eastern Region (260, 261). I think it is more logical to disregard operators as a categorisation and go by the 10 TransLink region ranges + any services in Brisbane Central being listed there only. You could follow the MetLink article referenced above and have them listed by company as well, but that wouldn't be practical here with a large single government operator, where there isn't one in Melbourne.

I will leave the links to actual locations for now.

I also don't think the BT routes need so many destinations listed, except for the longer routes like the GCL. I shouldn't think more than four for any other routes. I have been trying to stick to no more than three. If people want more detailed info, they can refer to the actual timetable. This is just a list (something the TransLink site itself does not have in convenient form) and should only give an impression, not a precise route track. Some Gold Coast routes (especially 1/1A) need lengthier lists as they are not only long but full of important centres / destinations/ interchanges; like the GCL, it would be remiss to not mention them.

Otherwise thanks for working out a good format. I will try to follow it.

title: Talk:TransLink (Brisbane) services


text:
African Socialist Movement

African Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialiste Africain, MSA) was a political party in French West Africa. The MSA was formed following a meeting of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) federations of Cameroon, Chad, the French Congo (now the Republic of the Congo and Gabon), French Sudan (now Mali), Guinea, Niger, Oubangui-Chari (now the Central African Republic), and Senegal; the meeting was held in Conakry from 11 to 13 January 1957. At that meeting it was decided that the African federations would break with its French parent organisation and form the MSA.

The first meeting of the leading committee of MSA met from 9 to 10 February in Dakar the same year. Two SFIO delegates attended the session. MSA opted for a federalist solution for French West Africa. On 26 March 1958, the MSA signed a declaration in Paris merging itself into the African Regroupment Party (PRA).

Leadership
At its founding, Lamine Guèye became the president of MSA, Barry III the general secretary and Djibo Bakary the deputy general secretary.

Sections
The Senegalese section of MSA was the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS), and it was led by Lamine Guèye. In Guinea, the Socialist Democracy of Guinea was the section of MSA. The Sudanese section of MSA was the Progressive Sudanese Party, while what became the Niger section retained the MSA name as the Mouvement Socialiste Africain-Sawaba.

title: African Socialist Movement


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WMOR-TV

WMOR-TV (channel 32) is an independent television station licensed to Lakeland, Florida, United States, serving the Tampa Bay area. Owned by Hearst Television, the station maintains studios on Hillsborough Avenue in east Tampa, and its transmitter is located in Riverview. Master control and some internal operations are based at the studios of Orlando NBC affiliate WESH (channel 2) on North Wymore Road in Eatonville.

WMOR-TV is the only television station owned by Hearst that is not affiliated with any major broadcast network, as well as the only Hearst station that does not maintain a news department. Despite Lakeland being WMOR-TV's city of license, the station has no physical presence there.

History
The station first signed on the air on April 24, 1986, as WTMV; branded as "V-32", it originally maintained an all-music video format. The station's owner and general manager was Dan Johnson, former mayor of St. Petersburg Beach, who previously owned the old WXCR-FM classical music radio station in nearby Safety Harbor. The station originally operated from studio facilities located on South Florida Avenue/SR 37 on the south side of Lakeland, with its transmitter near Mulberry in southwestern Polk County.

After a brief period of broadcasting from its transmitter in Mulberry, WTMV relocated its studio operations to its present-day studios in Tampa in 1988. The facility had been a former headend office for Group W Cable's Hillsborough County system. Around this time, it transitioned to a conventional general entertainment format, filling a void left by WFTS-TV's switch to Fox. It aired a schedule of off-network and syndicated sitcoms and dramas, game shows, movies and cartoons. It also picked up several network programs from ABC, NBC and CBS that Tampa Bay's Big Three affiliates (WTSP channel 10 (now with CBS), WFLA-TV channel 8, and WTVT channel 13 (now with Fox)) as well as those from Orlando (WFTV channel 9, WESH, WCPX (now WKMG-TV), channel 6) chose to preempt.

WTMV became Tampa Bay's WB affiliate when that network launched on January 11, 1995, branding itself as "WB 32". By that point, it ran cartoons (such as Scooby-Doo, Biker Mice from Mars, Captain Planet and the Planeteers, The Jetsons and The Flintstones), sitcoms (such as Doogie Howser, M.D., Blossom, The Wonder Years and Too Close for Comfort), talk shows (such as The Richard Bey Show), reality shows (such as Check It Out!) and movies. Johnson sold the station to Hearst Television in 1996, with the station's callsign being changed to WWWB-TV (in reference to its affiliation with The WB) following the finalization of the purchase on September 18.

In September 1999, WWWB lost its WB affiliation to WTTA (channel 38), as a result of a larger nationwide deal between The WB and the Sinclair Broadcast Group's UPN affiliates and independent stations (Kansas City sister station KCWB also lost its WB affiliation to a Sinclair station, KSMO-TV, now owned by Gray Television) one year earlier. WWWB changed its call letters to WMOR-TV on September 1 that year and rebranded itself as "More TV 32"—a moniker also adopted by its Kansas City sister (now known as KCWE). In August 2008, the "More TV 32" branding was dropped for the simplified "TV 32". On April 4, 2011, the station's on-air brand was changed to "MOR". To distance itself from the earlier "More TV" branding, the station spells out "MOR", instead of saying it as a word; however, it's still inferred as "more", through its slogan, "Just Can't Get Enough? Get MOR!".

On July 9, 2012, WMOR's parent company Hearst Television became involved in a dispute with Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks, leading to WMOR being pulled from Bright House and temporarily replaced with HBO Family on the main WMOR channel and This TV, with InfoMás in Estrella TV's slot. The substitutions lasted until July 19, 2012, when a new carriage deal was reached between Hearst and Time Warner Cable.

Sports programming
WWWB/WMOR was the original television broadcaster of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays when it began Major League Baseball play in 1998. Before that, as WTMV, it showed occasional telecasts of Toronto Blue Jays games, including Nolan Ryan's seventh career no-hitter in 1991, to accommodate the Tampa Bay area's unique population of Canadian snowbirds in the days before MLB Extra Innings and MLB.tv came to prominence.

WMOR currently serves as the local over-the-air broadcaster of ESPN Monday Night Football games involving the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, airing simulcasts of ESPN-televised games (Hearst holds a 20% ownership stake in ESPN; the network's remaining ownership interest is held by The Walt Disney Company), and the company has right of first refusal for simulcasts of ESPN's NFL telecasts in a team's home market. WMOR, along with WFTS which airs the Buccaneers' preseason and Thursday Night Football games (the latter through Amazon Prime Video), are the only Tampa Bay stations that air selected Buccaneers games without having weekly NFL coverage: the team's local preseason and NBC appearances air on WFLA-TV, their CBS appearances air on WTSP and their Fox appearances air on WTVT.

WMOR announced on March 9, 2017, that they would be the Tampa Bay Rowdies' exclusive broadcast partners for the upcoming United Soccer League season. All USL home games were broadcast live and in prime time on channel 32.2 thisTV Tampa Bay.

Subchannels
This TV was added to digital subchannel 32.2 in March 2009. It was followed by the launch of Estrella TV in September 2009 on subchannel 32.3. On September 26, 2019, MeTV was added to subchannel 32.2, replacing This TV.

ATSC 3.0 lighthouse
{{legend|#ffe8d0|Subchannel broadcast with digital rights management}}

Analog-to-digital conversion
WMOR-TV ended regular programming from its Mulberry analog transmitter, over UHF channel 32, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal, originating from the market's antenna farm in Riverview, remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 19, using virtual channel 32.

As part of the SAFER Act, WMOR-TV kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

Former repeaters
Prior to the end of analog broadcasting for full-power stations in the United States, WMOR operated four repeaters in the Tampa Bay area. Its analog transmitter was located farther east than the other major Tampa Bay stations because of FCC rules requiring a station to provide a city-grade signal to its city of license—in this case, Lakeland, which is 56 mi east of St. Petersburg and 34 mi east of Tampa. Hence, the repeaters were necessary to reach as much of the most-populated areas as possible. This was not as much of a problem for the station from the 1990s onward, as cable gained greater penetration in the area. The station's former translators were:
 * W18DB Port Richey (1997–2009)
 * WMOR-LP St. Petersburg (1991–2006)
 * W24AT Sarasota (1988–2000)
 * W56CN Venice (1996–2006)

The translators were shut down between September 2000 and June 2009, as WMOR's digital signal operates at a full million watts—equivalent to 5 million watts for an analog transmitter—and is more than sufficient to cover the entire market. WMOR's digital transmitter is also located at the market's antenna farm in Riverview, in central Hillsborough County, where all of the market's television stations except Sarasota-based WWSB have their transmitters, further making the repeaters redundant.

title: WMOR-TV


text:
Urban culture

Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities. The defining theme is the presence of a large population in a limited space that follows social norms. This makes it possible for many subcultures close to each other, exposed to social influence without necessarily intruding into the private sphere. Ultimately, urban culture offers for diverse perspectives, more resources in the medical field, both physically and mentally, but it also faces challenges in maintaining social cohesion.

Globally, urban areas tend to hold concentrations of power, such as government capitals and corporate headquarters, and the wealthy and powerful people that are employed in them. Cities also organize people, create norms, beliefs, and values. As outlined by Max Weber in his book, The City, "There are five things that make a city: fortification, market, a law code, an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and sufficient political autonomy for urban citizens to choose the city’s governors." In some countries, elites have built themselves enclaves outside of the central city (e.g. white flight in the United States).

Political
In most of the Western world, urban areas tend to be politically to the left of suburban and rural areas. There has always been a large difference in political views between these areas for a variety of reasons. A 2018 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center shows that people who live in an urban area will most likely have political views that clash with someone who lives in a suburban or rural area. An example of this is how people in this survey felt about former U.S. president Donald Trump. Sixty two percent of people had negative feelings on the president in urban areas, this number drops quite a bit when you look at suburban areas as only fifty one percent of people disliked the way the president ran things. This number hits its lowest when you look at rural areas as forty percent of people were negative on Trump with the rest being either neutral or positive. This divide on political subjects continues for the rest of the survey with urban areas preferring more progressive changes while suburban and rural areas want to hang on to traditions. The reason for why there is such a difference in opinion between these areas is a question that still doesn't have a solid answer. Although that has not stopped many people from trying to find one, this includes Cornell University professor Suzanne Mettler, who wrote a full article going over possible reasons for why there is such a difference between urban and rural voters. One reason Mettler came up with was the increase in the amount of jobs as she wrote "For decades the U.S. has experienced deindustrialization and various other changes in jobs and the economy, and rural areas have really suffered. Urban areas have adapted more effectively and created new jobs in technology, the service sector, and the knowledge economy. We think that economic deterioration has perhaps led to more resentment and grievance-style politics, but we’re still trying to understand that." Overall the difference in opinion between areas will always exist for a variety of reasons from education, to economic setting, and even to parental guidance.

Social
Urban cities have grown in popularity recently due to people moving out of more rural areas as time goes on. This is shown in another article written by the "Pew Research Center" which states "Likewise, recent U.S. population growth also has been uneven. Urban counties have grown at roughly the overall national rate of 13% since 2000. Suburban and small metropolitan areas have grown more briskly. Rural counties have lagged, and half of them have fewer residents now than they did in 2000". This trend has been happening for a variety of reasons, such as the increase of migrants, a rise in birth rate and a drop off in death rate, and people preferring the bustling city life of an urban area over more quiet and isolated rural areas.

Urban areas are able to provide things that rural and suburban areas either cannot, such as regular public transportation, a varied ethnic pool to make meeting new people an easy process, more jobs available, and the ease of which you are able to reach stores or entertainment areas such as clubs and bars. These points are far more relevant when you consider the ages of people who live in urban areas compared to anywhere else. The median age of rural areas is 43 years old while the average for urban areas is 36. Younger people are more likely to go looking for jobs in the city because it would be far easier to look for a job in a densely populated area rather than on the countryside where everything is spaced out. Transportation is also a more simple process for the younger generation as simply taking a bus to school or work can be easier for a young adult than buying a car and managing all the expenses that can come with that. Finally with entertainment areas being so close together younger people are able to have a night out instead of having to drive a large distance to clubs and bars; an issue that is prevalent in rural areas due to being located in the country.

Pope Francis acknowledges, however, the potential for city life to be a chaotic existence.

Canada
Urban culture is a huge part of Canada as 81.65% of Canada's inhabitants live in cities. The urbanization of Canada has been decades in the making starting back in the 19th century. From 1871-1911 the population of Canada would double from 3.6 million to 7.2 million. Most of this growth can be attributed thanks to urban cities expanding in order to allow more people to live there. Author John Douglas Belshaw wrote a book about the history of Canada and went into detail about the rise of urban culture in Canada when he wrote "Most of that growth was in urban areas as the share of the workforce engaged in non-agricultural pursuits rose from 51.9% to over 60% in the same period. [2] Even in Nova Scotia, where the benefits of industrialization were not long lasting nor very deep, the impact on the scale of urban settlements was very dramatic: in the decade after Confederation, Halifax grew by 22%, New Glasgow by 55%, Sydney Mines by 57%, and Truro by 64%." By the 1890s industrialization was taking effect in Canada with the production of machinery and the increasing use of things such as oil and coal which was boosting the population of places such as Toronto and Edmonton rapidly. Urbanization would continue into the 20th century with Canadians and immigrants moving from city to city for work due to the now dense population and job openings that come from that. It wasn't all well and good however as due to the increasing population things would become crowded and harder to accommodate every single city and their needs. This means that lesser cities would be run down with water systems that would not work and houses that were shabbily built in order to quickly prepare for the spike of people living in the city. As we move in the modern era these issues aren't as prevalent in Canada but there are still underdeveloped cities and people flocking to find some sort of work in an extremely competitive urban environment.

Urban culture is also sometimes used as a euphemism for the culture of visible minorities (non-Whites). Sometimes this means Black Canadian culture, this connection is much less apparent than somewhere like the U.S. due to blacks only making up 3% of the total population. More generally, the phrase may be used to connote the multicultural, immigrant-friendly mosaic atmosphere cultivated by cities such as Toronto, Ontario, Vancouver, and British Columbia, in contrast to the usually Whiter rural regions of those provinces.

United States
In the United States, Urban culture has been used as a euphemistic reference to contemporary African American culture.

Prior to the 20th century, the African American population was primarily rural. The Great Migration of African-Americans created the first large, urban black communities in the American North. It is conservatively estimated that 400,000 left the South during the two-year period of 1916-1918 to take advantage of a labor shortage created in the wake of the First World War. The 20th century cultures of many of the United States' modern cities were forged in this period.

In 1910, the African American population of Detroit was 6,000. By the start of the Great Depression in 1929, this figure had risen to 120,000.

In 1900 Chicago had a total population of 1,698,575. By 1920 the population had increased by more than 1 million residents. During the second wave of the Great Migration (from 1940–1960), the African American population in the city grew from 278,000 to 813,000. The South Side of Chicago was considered the black capital of America.

The massive number of African Americans to Ohio, in particularly to Cleveland, greatly changed the demographics of the state and Cleveland. Prior to the Great Migration, an estimated 1.1 - 1.6% of Cleveland’s population was African American. In 1920, 4.3% of Cleveland’s population was African American. The number of African Americans in Cleveland continued to rise over the next twenty years of the Great Migration. Other cities, such as St. Louis, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City, also experienced surges in their African-American populations.

In the South, the departure of hundreds of thousands of African Americans caused the black percentage of the population in most Southern states to decrease. For example, in Mississippi, blacks decreased from about 56% of the population in 1910 to about 37% by 1970 and in South Carolina, blacks decreased from about 55% of the population in 1910 to about 30% by 1970.

By the end of the Second Great Migration, African Americans had become an urbanized population. More than 80 percent lived in cities. Fifty-three percent remained in the Southern United States, while 40 percent lived in the Northeast and North Central states and 7 percent in the West.

title: Urban culture


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Talk:A Place in the Sun

Items removed as being external links
disambiguation pages are for Wikipedia-internal navigational assistance
 * A Place in the Sun Video based website of property and artisans in France.

title: Talk:A Place in the Sun


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Talk:Michio Hikitsuchi

says the rank of 10th dan was awarded unofficially to Michio Hikitsuchi.

Untitled
Does anyone know the details? --zeno 10:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thinking about how differently grades were given out these days, it is not as strange as it would have been today. Tohei is often mentioned as the only 10th dan Aikikai, though. / Habj 05:06, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Seiseki Abe Sensei was also awarded a 10th dan verbally (one imagines casually) by the Founder. Djiann 21:30, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hikitsuchi Sensei received a certificate of complete transmission of bo techniques (see link). This would make him a 10th dan insofar as bo techniques are concerned.

http://budoshugyosha.over-blog.com/article-le-baton-de-la-vraie-victoire-63040432.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.51.44.170 (talk) 04:18, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

Aikikai?
The article doesn't make it clear to me whether Hikitsuchi sensei is a part of the Aikikai or not. / Habj 05:07, 27 December 2005 (UTC) Hikitsuchi Sensei is a member of Aikikai (before your death). After your death, the main teacher of Kumano Juku Dojo is Motomichi Anno, 8th Dan.

Perhaps at some level of "officialness" Hikitsuchi Sensei and his dojo belong(ed) to the Aikikai, however it is my experience (an unpleasant experience to say the least) that they have a very adversarial attitude toward Hombu and those who are associated with the greater organization. During my visit there Sensei was ever gracious, but I was treated by almost everyone else in the dojo (including some high-ranking foreigners) with a level of naked contempt that would probably shock most people reading this - even to my face. To say that they treated me like an enemy is not an exaggeration. This in spite of the fact that I had come based on an introduction from an old friend of Sensei's (it's possible that Sensei neglected to mention this to anyone). I fear that many non-Japanese who are followers of Hikitsuchi and members of that organization have no idea that outsiders are treated this way. To be fair, that was close on 10 years ago. I certainly hope things have changed at Kumano Juku since then. Djiann 23:46, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Michio Hikitsuchi


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Lake Mohonk

Lake Mohonk is located in Ulster County, New York, United States. It is located approximately 14 mi northwest of Poughkeepsie. Activities on the lake are operated by Mohonk Mountain House.

Description
The small lake, 1/2 mile long and 60 ft deep, is located 1245 ft above sea level in the town of New Paltz near Sky Top Mountain, at 1542 ft one of the highest peaks of the Shawangunk Ridge.

The peak of Sky Top lies just east of the south end of the lake; to the west, Eagle Cliff rises to a height of 1412 ft. Competitors in the Survival of the Shawangunks swim the lake as their final aquatic leg of the competition.

title: Lake Mohonk


text:
User talk:Prog1

Matthew Piatkowski
AKA:Progressive One (informal:Prog1 or Progone)

Image:Wake Island Lagoon Paradise by Matthew Piatkowski.jpg
If you took the picture yourself and are willing to release it into the Copyrights, please update the description associated with the image so that the license is clear. Some standard tags can be found at Image copyright tags. Thanks for the contribution! Bollar 12:37, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking care of the picture! I'll remove it from the possibly unfree images list.  Bollar 14:28, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

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User talk:Tamer.abukhalaf

Hello there, Im Tamer N. AbuKhalaf from The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. I had a pleasure to study in Cyprus to get me BS in Computer Information technology. Im 25 years Old ,Living in Amman and Currently working as QuarkXpress Sales Excutive in Jordan.

title: User talk:Tamer.abukhalaf


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Category:Toronto Maple Leafs

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Toronto Maple Leafs


text: User talk:60.226.94.46

title: User talk:60.226.94.46


text:
Talk:Millionaires' Mile

Bantry Bay links to Ireland but is given as a location in Cape Town. Quill 10:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

I think this page should be divided into historic Millionaires' miles like Prarie Avenue, Euclid Avenue, and Park Lane, versus fifth avenue or XVIe arrondissement which are millionaires' miles today

I think it would be better to keep it a single page with two separate lists, but I don't which neighborhoods are currant are not. I do know that S Orange Grove is still very expensive, but I don't think it lives up to its previous grandeur... Daniel.Boldi 05:29, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

- I've taken Reba Circle off the list. It isn't a Millionaire's mile by any stretch of the imagination. It only has 3 houses, and all 3 are owned by the same group of families. Hardly noteworthy. Kudos to whoever got it to stick on the list for 3 whole years though —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.135.226.64 (talk) 19:39, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Millionaires' Mile


text:
Talk:Bibliometrics

[Untitled]
This article looks VERY poorly. Looking through the history of the page, it looks like the last well formatted edit was here, but I'm reluctant to revert it that far back, being as that was in April '05. Comments? --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC) -- The entry about Charles Murray's article seems only tangentially relevant. Should this section be deleted?
 * Never mind. 'Twas just corrected. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Yes he is not an relevant in bibliometric research and his article is mentioned out of the blue 80.163.17.92 (talk) 16:28, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

--

Suggest the inclusion of a reference to the 2010 study by Molinie and Bodenhausen as evidence of the possible, and ongoing, negative effects of using bibliometric analysis; doi:10.2533/chimia.2010.78Benloveday (talk) 06:41, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

An excellent starting point for an article on "Bibliometrics" is to my view the groundbreaking work

SCIENTOMETRIC INDICATORS A 32-Country Comparative Evaluation of Publishing Performance and Citation Impact by Tibor Braun (Hungary), Wolfgang Glänzel (Hungary) & András Schubert (Hungary) World Scientific 1985 ISBN:  978-9971-966-69-0

and the discussion and references (called op.cit. in the following) therein.

This work contains also a disambiguation of the terms "Scientometrics" and "Bibliometrics". On the disambiguation of the more recent fields of "Informetrics", "Webometrics" et al. and the corresponding references I will follow up in a later discussion section.

The work cited above contains the disambiguation of a) descriptive bibliometrics (Lotka op. cit. op. cit., Bradford op. cit., Merton op. cit, Price 1976 op. cit., et al.) b) Scientometrics (Pritchard op. cit., Mulchenko op. cit., Price 1961/1963 op cit. et al.) b) Evaluative Bibliometrics (Merton opera cit, Price 1961/63 opera cit., Price 1976 op. cit., Garfield opera cit., Narin opera cit. et al.)

As the beginning of bibliometrics research and all the following subfields of research I would like to see the groundbreaking article by Alfred J. Lotka:

Lotka, Alfred J. (1926). "The frequency distribution of scientific productivity". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 16 (12): 317–324

QuarkGluon (talk) 23:43, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Analytics for understanding research
The CETIS Analytics Series ISSN 2051-9214 Vol.1, No. 4 Analytics for Understanding Research By Mark van Harmelen may be useful to this page. I'm not sure whether it belongs on this page, another page or a new page (which could link to Bibliometrics) though. The reports are available http://publications.cetis.ac.uk/c/analytics. Sjgknight (talk) 10:32, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Removing merge tag
In reframing the lead (permalink) I've tried to help clarify that a distinction exists between bibliometrics and scientometrics. I've therefore removed the (now rather stale) merge tag. 86.181.67.166 (talk) 13:28, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

More generally. I think the entire page would benefit from refocusing on the broad field of bibliometrics, of which citation analysis (for instance) is one aspect. 86.181.67.166 (talk) 14:04, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bibliometrics


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User:Robin.r

Category:Wikipedia_cleanup_categories

de:Benutzer:Robin.rueth

title: User:Robin.r


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Talk:Marn Grook

A note about the aboriginal tribe names: I've seen numerous spellings and versions of the names used in the article and am unsure if they're all the same or what. Neither of those mentioned are in List of Australian Aboriginal tribes, but several sources use these names. If someone knows a bit more please feel free to add your 10cents worth. - Ian ≡ talk 10:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Psy guy, a few points: I don't see how Marn Grook can be called the "basis" of Aussie Rules as the only major similarity between the two seems to have been high marking. The "basis", if anything was the games played in British and Irish universities in the early 19th century. See the "Modern codes" section in Football and the history section in Australian rules football for more on this. Second, what is the source for the claim that MG was "played right across Australia"? Third, Tom Wills is undoubtedly the inventor of Aussie Rules, since he brought together elements of many different games. Fourth, I think the Marn Grook Trophy needs to be around for more than three years to be worthy of mention. Grant65 (Talk) 03:26, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Grant, kicking of the ball would obviously seem to be another major similarity. --Rulesfan (talk) 04:12, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

There may be some veracity in the myths about Tom Wills and the aboriginal origins of Aussie rules football. However, in my opinion, the game does show evidence of being a synthesis of: firstly early forms of rugby - the ball, the "mark" (still a part of the modern game of Rugby Union), the field goal and secondly the Irish game of hurling - the "dribbling" rules, scoring (major and minor scores), the "clean catch or mark". 202.154.115.154 00:57, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Marn Grook trophy
Hi Roger, thanks for the message about the project on my talk page. Can we justify saying that Sydney and Essendon are more "highly involved" in the development of Aboriginal players, compared to most other clubs? Grant65 | Talk 07:52, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

one word
Would be grateful if someone could could provide evidence for the use of two words 'marn' 'grook' instead of 'the bisyllabic 'marngrook'? This may appear pedantic however the way I have seen it spelt is as a bisyllabic single word which is very common in Aboriginal languages? Also the 3CR football show spells it as one word. As it is it will lead to confusion and make searching for the word problematic.Lentisco 01:30, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I've read a bit about it and have never seen it as one word; I don't known much about Koori but two word formations (for things that would be one word in English) are very common in other Aboriginal languages. Grant65 | Talk 10:00, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Well here are some references:

http://www.aboriginalfootball.com.au

http://www.iafc.com.au/marngrook.htm

http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/rrsdc/ inquiries/footy/report/historical_context.doc

http://www.australianrules.com.au/manifesto.html

http://www.abc.net.au/rn/deakin/stories/s291489.htm

Importantly the 3CR/3KND football radio show is spelt 'marngrook'', the footaball oval at Diamond Creek is spelt 'Marngrook', the trophy between Sydney and Essendon is spelt 'Marngrook'.

However at the aboriginal football site( http://www.aboriginalfootball.com.au ) it is perversely spelt 'Marm-grook'!

But as I see it bisyllabic spelling is more common ie Moomba, Coranderrk, Kulin,Simon Wonga, Derrimut and Barak etc all SE Australian words. So I believe the article should be changed to 'Marngrook'. Any problems? Lentisco 02:33, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, marn grook seems to the common spelling, as suggested by a Google search for "'marn grook' -wikipedia", than "marngrook -wikipedia", by 593 hits to 398. I would want to see something from an expert on Koori before I was convinced that "marngrook" was more correct. Grant65 | Talk 09:57, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Well as usual, its very difficult to convey to someone under 40 that the internet does not neccessarily represent reality. As I have tried to show Victorian language spelling is typically non-monosyllabic spelling. And Ill state it again:

Importantly the 3CR/3KND aboriginal football radio show is spelt 'marngrook'', the footaball oval at Diamond Creek is spelt 'Marngrook', the trophy between Sydney and Essendon is spelt 'Marngrook'.

Which is good enough for me. Lentisco 02:12, 23 February 2006 (UTC)
 * As my nickname might suggest, I'm 41... and I can also be a grumpy old man when I get wound up ;-) The internet doesn't represent reality, but I'd like to see at least one source more authoritative than the name of a radio show and an oval! I guess you know that there is already a redirect page from marngrook to this one, so there's little chance of someone not being able to find the article. Grant65 | Talk 10:01, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

The 'radio show' you allude to is the premier australian aboriginal football show in Australia. Most SE Australian languages have a predominance of bisyllabic words for adjective+noun constructions(which I have twice demonstrated) Ive shown you 'my' evidence- what have you countered with?Lentisco 00:31, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Is the language still spoken today? Because before the 20th century the writing of Aboriginal languages was usually done by clueless white people, and these kinds of distinctions simply weren't made consistently. ～J.K. 06:27, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes you are correct. There is no dictionary as it were though it is still spoken but only by a few. My point is that SE Austrlain languages when tranliterated into the latin alphabet are typically polysyllabic. And the radio show-run by Victorian aboriginals- use the single word 'marngrook' Lentisco 01:26, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Blandowski's Australien in 142 Photographischen Abbildungen 1857 image of Marn Grook
Does anyone know the copyright status of the image.  Surely it would be fair use to upload it for the purposes of demonstrating Marn Grook. --Rulesfan 06:56, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The illustration itself is long since out of copyright. There is some debate about whether someone scanning and uploading an image has partial copyright of the scanned version, but even that seems dubious. See Copyright expiration in Australia, which says:

 * "Public institutions would like to maintain that it is their reproduction of a Public Domain work which has a copyright attached, since they cannot claim that the author/artist's copyright exists. The UK govt site is not clear about the status of faithful reproductions, mentioning that it may be possible to re-use a reproduction without permission, but also that the institution/photographer may claim copyright by virtue of the "skill and labour" which has gone into making the reproduction. However, the 1999 Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. ruling (in U.S. jurisdiction) runs counter to this view, and the institutions' stance has possibly not been tested in higher European or Australian courts. It is contestable whether these institutions would be able to demonstrate economic loss resulting from the republishing of one of their (low-resolution) reproductions in a non-profit/educational context on the web (e.g., on Wikipedia), since they themselves have freely and similarly published these very same images. A further argument against the practices of these institutions can be read here [5]."

 * "One view is that the National Library has probably not created a new work through the process of scanning the images and placing them online. So the images are still under public domain..."

 * In any case, doubt that the ABC are going to complain about it. Grant  |  Talk  03:59, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Seasonality
Hi all - I'm looking for any evidence that the game marn grook was played (or not) in particular seasons or on special occasions such as clan gatherings. The focus of my search here is mostly on seasonality, as understood and used by different Aboriginal groups in Australia, especially when such seasons don't align with the temperate-zone European pattern of four-seasons in a year (winter, autumn, spring, summer). (For example, in the tropics, the seasonal pattern may match the modern terminology of "the dry", "the build-up" and "the wet". Or it may name the fruiting or flowering of certain plants, or the running of certain fish in coastal waters, etc.)  A secondary focus is on events that occurred seasonally, according to any locally used pattern. yoyo (talk) 02:45, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Editing of original quotation
the quotation seem to be heverly edited to remove some of the context behind the original. for example the the term opossium from the original is replaced with possum and some sentences have been truncate without acknowledgement.

The adult natives were seldom without employment—their wants being the many—but they found time too for amusements. Some of their games were not unlike those which find favor amongst Europeans. The marn-grook, or game of ball, for instance, is thus described by the late Mr. Thomas. The men and boys joyfully assemble when this game is to be played. One makes a ball of opossum skin, or the like, of good size, somewhat elastic, but firm and strong. It is given to the foremost player or to some one of mark who is chosen to commence the game. He does not throw it as a white man might do, but drops it and at the same time kicks it with his foot, using the instep for that purpose. It is thrown high into the air, and there is a rush to secure it—such a rush as is seen commonly at foot-ball matches amongst our own people. The tallest men, and those who are able to spring to a great height, have the best chances in this game. Some of them will leap as high as five feet or more from the ground to catch the ball. The person who secures the ball kicks it again; and again & scramble ensues. This continues for hours, and the natives never seem to tire of the exercise.

I have seen the natives at Coranderrk amusing themselves in this manner very often, and their skill and activity were surprising. It is truly a native game. The ball, I believe, is often made of twine formed of the twisted hair of the opossum. It is elastic and light, and well suited to be kicked from the instep, as the natives use it.*

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CD Leganés

Club Deportivo Leganés, S.A.D. is a football club based in Leganés, Community of Madrid, that currently competes in La Liga, the first tier of the Spanish league system. In 2024–25, Leganés will play in La Liga by receiving automatic promotion after winning their first Segunda title. It was founded on 23 June 1928. It holds home games at the Estadio Municipal de Butarque, which seats 12,454 spectators.

History
The club was officially founded on 23 June 1928. Its first president was Ramón del Hierro. However the club had to suspend operations in 1936 due to the Spanish civil war, where they remained inactive until they reformed on 4 September 1946.

Leganés played the vast majority of its existence in the lower leagues. In 1977 the club regained promotion to the fourth division, where it had played before for seven years when the category was still the third level.

After a steady progression, Leganés reached the new division three in 1987, being promoted to the second division six years later and maintaining its league status for 11 seasons; during this timeframe, it collected two consecutive eighth places (best) from 1995 to 1997.

On 24 December 2008, Victoria Pavón and Felipe Moreno acquired a majority stake of the club. Since July 2009, Victoria Pavón has been the president of the club.

In the 2013–14 season, Leganés promoted to Segunda División after 10 seasons in Segunda B. In the 2015–16 season, for the first time in their history, Leganés earned promotion to La Liga, which was sealed on 4 June 2016 with a 1–0 away win against CD Mirandés, thus becoming the fifth team from Community of Madrid to ever play in La Liga after Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid, Rayo Vallecano, and Getafe. They remained in the top flight for four seasons, reaching a peak of 13th in 2018–19, before relegation in the last game of the following season, a 2–2 home draw with Real Madrid. During this spell, the team qualified for the first time to the semifinals of the Copa del Rey, by eliminating Real Madrid in the quarterfinals thanks to a 2–1 win at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.

In the 2023–24 season, Leganes finished at first place in the Segunda Division and were promoted to La Liga, thus returning after a four season absence.

Fans
The fans have friendly relation with ultras group Gate 12 of Egaleo FC, the towns of Egaleo and Leganés happen to be twinned too. They also have friendly ties with Reading F.C. of England, partially due to sharing their blue and white colours. Their biggest rival is Getafe with whom they contest the South Madrid derby.

Season to season

 * 5 seasons in La Liga
 * 17 seasons in Segunda División
 * 16 seasons in Segunda División B
 * 19 seasons in Tercera División

Current squad
.

Board of directors
{| class="wikitable" !Office !Name
 * President
 * Jeff Luhnow
 * First vice president
 * Harry Browne
 * Second vice president
 * Joe Ortega
 * Secretary
 * Scott Graeme
 * General director
 * Martin Cooper
 * Financial director
 * Andrew Hutchinson
 * Security director
 * Stuart McLean
 * Communication, marketing and social director
 * Declan Donovan
 * Medical director
 * Edward Stevens
 * Academy director
 * Gary Barnett
 * Stuart McLean
 * Communication, marketing and social director
 * Declan Donovan
 * Medical director
 * Edward Stevens
 * Academy director
 * Gary Barnett
 * Academy director
 * Gary Barnett
 * Gary Barnett

Honours

 * Segunda División: 2023–24
 * Segunda División B: 1992–93
 * Tercera División: 1985–86

Famous players
Note: this list includes players that have played at least 100 league games and have reached international status.

title: CD Leganés


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Bilkent Symphony Orchestra

The Bilkent Symphony Orchestra (Bilkent Senfoni Orkestrası in Turkish, also known as BSO) is a major symphony orchestra of Turkey located in Bilkent, Ankara. It was founded in 1993 by Bilkent University. Since 1994 the orchestra is based at the Bilkent Concert Hall. The BSO is UNICEF Turkey Goodwill Ambassador since 2009.

History
The Bilkent Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1993 as an original artistic project of Bilkent University. Developed by the Faculty of Music and Performing Arts, the orchestra is composed of over 56 proficient artists and academicians of the Faculty from Turkey and 12 countries. Turkish and foreign artists, continuing their postgraduate studies at the Institute of Music and Performing Arts also participate in concerts to further expand the orchestra. With these characteristics, the BSO is the first private, international and academic, artistic ensemble in Turkey.

Awards
Since its foundation, the orchestra has been awarded by several organizations such as Ankara Public Relations Association and Mevlana Foundation. Furthermore, UNICEF has recognized BSO as UNICEF Turkey Goodwill Ambassador upon its efforts to aid children in need in various regions of the world, specifically for the two CDs released, donating money earned to the earthquake victims of İzmit earthquake in 1999 together with several concerts given, donating money earned to Pakistan earthquake victims and Turkish National Committee for UNICEF campaigns such as Haydi Kızlar Okula. The BSO was also awarded as 'the best orchestra of Turkey' in 2011 by Andante Music Magazine.

BSO and Ahmet Adnan Saygun
Ahmet Adnan Saygun, one of the most prominent composers and musicologists of Turkey who is also known as the composer of the first Turkish opera, Özsoy had a close relationship with Prof. İhsan Doğramacı who is regarded as one of the most important philanthropists promoting music in Turkey and a leading figure for Turkish educational and health system as founder of two foremost universities of Turkey, Hacettepe and Bilkent Universities. Saygun had dedicated his two works to Doğramacı who pioneered the foundation of ethnomusicology departments at Turkish conservatoires for which Saygun had asked for many years. Upon this and the establishment of Bilkent University Faculty of Music and Performing Arts which was seen as a promising and encouraging music school by Saygun, he left his estate and works to Bilkent University. Thus, now the university preserves some of Saygun's personal belongings such as his piano and his writing table as well as the original forms of his manuscript notes at the Ahmed Adnan Saygun Music Research and Education Center, where Faculty of Music and Performing Arts students give recitals and chamber concerts year-round.

Following the foundation of BSO in 1993 which consists mainly of academics who teach at the Faculty of Music and Performing Arts, BSO has assumed responsibility to perform and record Saygun's works. BSO has recorded many works of Saygun such as Yunus Emre Oratorio, piano, viola, cello concertos and symphonies with soloists like Gülsin Onay, Hande Dalkılıç, Tim Hugh, Mirjam Tschoppand and Arturo Bonucci as well as under the baton of conductors like Howard Griffiths (conductor), Rodolfo Bonucci, Rengim Gökmen and Erol Erdinç. Furthermore, the orchestra's national label BMP (Bilkent Music Production) has supported some soloists to perform Saygun's works and made effort to release the albums which consists of Saygun's works in collaboration with several orchestras such as the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra and the Istanbul State Symphony Orchestra.

Moreover, in collaboration with the Turkish Education Foundation (tr: Türk Eğitim Vakfı-TEV), Ahmed Adnan Saygun Music Research and Education Center has requested to compose an opera focusing on Saygun's life and vision due to his 100th birthday in 2007. The libretto was written by Şefik Kahramankaptan and the opera named Saygun Emre was composed by Yiğit Aydın who is also an academic at Bilkent University. The scene Vasiyet(Bequest) of Saygun Emre opera at which Saygun leaves his estate to Bilkent University and İhsan Doğramacı appeared as a character was performed at Bilkent Concert Hall by BSO in 2009.

Performances and recordings
Starting as a Sinfonietta, the symphonic orchestra now has the identity of an ensemble of orchestras, comprising the Bilkent Chamber Orchestra an Ensemble of Wind Instruments and various other orchestral formations. With Turkish and foreign guest conductors, soloists and choirs, the ensemble of orchestras has distinguished itself through its season events of over 80 concerts per year and the television and radio broadcasts of these performances.

The national label Bilkent Music Production has released over 50 CD’s of the orchestras concerts. Amongst the orchestra's recordings are the Ahmet Adnan Saygun concertos with Gülsin Onay under the baton of Howard Griffiths; Kamran Ince symphonies and concertos with Kamran Ince as soloist as well for Naxos and CPO and the productions released in 2007 including Ahmet Adnan Saygun’s piano, violin, viola and violoncello concertos by CPO in collaboration with Peermusic and the Tabakov concertos by Naxos Records.

Through events such as the Bilkent Concert Series, Turkish Composers Week, Education Concerts and The Bilkent International Anatolia Music Festival, the orchestra aims to bring a wide range of activities to large audiences, to spread the appreciation of music at national level, undertake international activities and develop cooperation with institutions abroad. Along these objectives the orchestra has toured to Italy (1998), Germany (Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival 2000,2011), Belgium (2001), Portugal (2000) Switzerland (2002-2004 Montreux Festival) and to Tokyo (2004)

Among the artists the orchestra has performed with are Valery Afanassiev, Pierre Amoyal, Alison Balsom, İdil Biret, Han-na Chang, Robert Cohen, Jean-Philippe Collard, José Cura, Nikolai Demidenko, Emre Elivar, Denyce Graves, Janine Jansen, Sumi Jo, Suna Kan, Olga Kern, Albert Dohmen, Lang Lang, Elisabeth Leonskaja, Mischa Maisky, Shlomo Mintz, Christiane Oelze, Gülsin Onay, Güher-Süher Pekinel, Mikhail Pletnev, Viktoria Postnikova, Vadim Repin, Olivier Charlier, György Sándor, Fazıl Say, Hüseyin Sermet, Sayaka Shoji, Maurice Steger, Akiko Suwanai, Alexander Ghindin, Nicola Benedetti, Sabine Meyer, Boris Berezovsky, Simona Houda-Šaturová, Emmanuel Pahud, Sharon Isbin Turkish State Polyphonic, Rome Philharmonic, Bulgarian State Radio and Schleswig-Holstein Festival Choirs.

The BSO has performed under guest conductors such as, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Gürer Aykal, Serge Baudo, Jean-Claude Casadesus, Aleksandr Dmitriyev, Jean Fournet, Howard Griffiths, Peter Gülke, Ernest Martinez Izquierdo, Yoel Levi, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Nello Santi, José Serebrier, Lior Shambadal, Maurice Steger, Vlodymir Sirenko, Karl Anton Rickenbacher and Emil Tabakov

Directorship and venues
Continuing its 2010–11 concert season under the artistic direction of Işın Metin with music director Klaus Weise, the orchestra and its ensembles welcome audiences at the Bilkent Concert Hall (640) and Bilkent ODEON (4000) in Ankara, Bilkent Erzurum Laboratory High School concert hall (300) in Erzurum and Bilkent Erbil College concert hall (750) in Erbil, Iraq.

title: Bilkent Symphony Orchestra


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Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet

Admiral Sir Richard Hussey Bickerton, 2nd Baronet, KCB, (11 October 1759 – 9 February 1832) was a British naval officer. He was born in Southampton, the son of Vice-admiral Sir Richard Bickerton and first served aboard HMS Medway in June 1774, in the Mediterranean. His first command came in March 1779 when he was given HM Sloop Swallow as a reward for his part in an engagement with a much larger opponent. Bickerton later joined Rodney's squadron in the West Indies where he took part in the capture of Sint Eustatius in 1781. Making post captain on 8 February 1781, he took temporary command of HMS Invincible and fought in her at the Battle of Fort Royal on 29 April 1781.

When Britain entered the French Revolutionary War in 1793, Bickerton joined the Channel Fleet before, in October 1794, being ordered to transport General Sir John Vaughan to the West Indies, to take command of British land forces there. After another spell in home waters, Bickerton was sent to the Mediterranean where he spent much of the war on blockade duty and, after their surrender, oversaw the evacuation of French forces from Alexandria. He remained in the Mediterranean during the short-lived peace and when hostilities renewed was second in command to Lord Nelson there.

Forced ashore by illness in 1805, Bickerton first served as a Lord of the Admiralty and First Naval Lord before finishing his naval career as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, having attained the rank of full admiral in 1812.

Personal life
Richard Bickerton was born in Southampton on 11 October 1759, the only surviving son of Vice-admiral Sir Richard Bickerton and Mary Anne Hussey.

On 25 September 1788, he married Anne, daughter of Dr James Athill of Antigua. Bickerton succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1792 when his father died. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1810. On 2 January 1815, Bickerton was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath then later, in May 1823, he inherited the estate of Wood Walton and on doing so began using his mother's maiden name before his own surname.

Naval career
Bickerton joined the Royal Navy, aged 12, on 14 December 1771, although this was in name only: He was entered in the muster of his father's ships, Marlborough and later Princess Augusta, but did not actually serve until June 1774, when he joined HMS Medway as a captain's servant. Subsequently, promoted to midshipman, he served under Captain William Affleck in the Mediterranean, returning home in 1777 on board Invincible, commanded by Hyde Parker.

Master and Commander
Bickerton was promoted to lieutenant on 16 December 1777 and served under Charles Middleton first on board the 90-gun HMS Prince George, then the seventy-four, Royal Oak in March 1778. In May, Bickerton joined HMS Jupiter in the Bay of Biscay, and when Charles Middleton was appointed comptroller of the navy, he recommended that Bickerton be appointed first lieutenant under the command of Francis Reynolds.

On 20 October Jupiter attacked the much larger French ship-of-the-line Triton, forcing her to retire; as a reward for his conduct, Bickerton, on Middleton's recommendation, was in March 1779, promoted master and given command of the sloop, HMS Swallow. Swallow spent just under two years in The Channel, cruising and undertaking escort duties. While on convoy duty during the Summer of 1779, Bickerton gave the order to disperse, having heard of the arrival of the combined Franco-Spanish fleet in The Channel. His prompt action allowed the convoy to escape. After assisting in the capture of a Dutch convoy, on 2 January 1780, Bickerton and his vessel were sent to the West Indies to join Rodney's squadron and subsequently take part in the capture of Sint Eustatius in 1781.

Post Captain
Rodney promoted Bickerton to the rank of post captain on 8 February 1781 and gave him temporary command of HMS Invincible. It was in her that Bickerton took part in the Battle of Fort Royal, an action fought on 29 April 1781, off the coast of Martinique. Bickerton acquired his own ship, HMS Russell, in May, before briefly transferring to Terrible but, finding her unfit, moved to the frigate, HMS Amazon, in July. After service in the Leeward Islands and North American waters, Bickerton returned to England in Amazon, arriving in Portsmouth in February 1782. In September, Bickerton was given the newly repaired HMS Brune; she was decommissioned in May the following year and Bickerton was without a ship until January 1787, when he commissioned HMS Sibyl and in her sailed for the Leeward Islands once more.

French Revolutionary War
When France declared war in 1793, Bickerton was given command of HMS Ruby and served in her in The Channel until September 1794 when he moved to HMS Ramillies and joined Lord Howe in the Bay of Biscay. In October 1794 he transported General Sir John Vaughan to the West Indies, to succeed Lieutenant-general Sir Charles Grey as the Commander-in-chief of British land forces there. Bickerton remained on this station until July 1795, when he was sent to Newfoundland. Bickerton returned home in November 1795 where he joined Admiral Adam Duncan's fleet on blockade duty in the North Sea. Bickerton served under Duncan for the whole of the following year, then in 1797, he and his ship transferred to the Channel Fleet under Admiral Alexander Hood. In 1798, Bickerton took command of the new HMS Terrible, built in 1785 to replace the old Terrible, scuttled after the Battle of Chesapeake. Later in 1798, Bickerton was given the title of Colonel of Marines, then on 14 February 1799, Bickerton attained the rank of rear-admiral and, towards the end of the year, took up the position of Assistant Port Admiral at Portsmouth.

Service in the Mediterranean
Bickerton hoisted his flag in Seahorse on 13 May 1800 and was ordered to transport generals Abercromby, Moore and Hutchinson to the Mediterranean; after which he spent the rest of the war under Lord Keith, on blockade duty. On 10 June, Bickerton transferred his flag to the 74-gun Swiftsure and began a five-month command of a squadron off Cádiz. During 1801, he worked on HMS Kent, maintaining a blockade on the port of Alexandria until its capitulation on 27 August. He provided support during this time for Lieutenant-General Hutchinson.

Left to oversee the French withdrawal, Bickerton conducted this duty with such efficiency that he earned the respect of the French general, Jacques-François Menou, who also acknowledged that, " ...the vigilance of Sir Richard's squadron had accelerated the reduction of that place, as it cut them off from all supply". For his part in the British victory, the grateful Turks awarded Bickerton with the Order of the Crescent on 8 October 1801. Following the Treaty of Amiens, Bickerton was left behind in command of the Mediterranean Fleet.

Napoleonic Wars
By 1804, still in the Mediterranean and having transferred to Royal Sovereign, Bickerton was serving as Second-in-Command to Admiral Lord Nelson, maintaining a close blockade on the French port of Toulon and when Nelson received the thanks of the Corporation of London, he insisted that Bickerton received equal recognition. Bickerton was elevated to Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean when Nelson left to pursue the French Fleet across the Atlantic.

Later career
In spring 1805, a liver complaint forced Bickerton to return to England. He was promoted to vice-admiral on 9 November 1805 and then appointed to the Board of Admiralty in April 1807. He became First Naval Lord in the second Portland ministry in May 1808. On 31 July 1810 Bickerton attained the rank of full admiral and in March 1812 he left the Admiralty Board and, one month later, was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth with Puissant as his flagship. Bickerton still held this post in 1814 when the Treaty of Paris was celebrated with a Grand Naval Review at Spithead, which was his last active service. The event took place on 24 and 25 June, before the Prince Regent and his allies. Bickerton was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 2 January 1815. On 5 January 1818 Bickerton was promoted to Lieutenant-general of the Marines, then General of the Marines in June 1830.

Political career
Bickerton was elected a Conservative Member of Parliament for Poole in February 1808, but he did not run for re-election in 1812. He did not often speak in Parliamentary debates, except on naval issues.

Death
Bickerton died at his home, No. 15 The Circus, Bath, at the age of 72 on 9 February 1832. His wife outlived him, dying on 2 March 1850. As the couple had no children, the estate passed to Anne's nephew, Vice-admiral Sir Richard Hussey Moubray. The lack of male issue also meant the baronetcy became extinct with his death.

A memorial to Bickerton, by Francis Leggatt Chantrey, was erected in Bath Abbey in 1834. Bickerton Island off the east coast of Australia's Northern Territory was named for him by the British navigator and cartographer, Matthew Flinders, who was the first to circumnavigate the continent.

title: Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet


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Silver Badge Party

The Silver Badge Party was an unofficial political movement which existed in the United Kingdom during and immediately after the First World War. The Party consisted of several groups representing the political interests of former service personnel. It took its name from the Silver War Badge (SWB) that was issued to servicemen who had been invalided out of the forces.

History
First to be formed was the National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers (NADSS), established following a meeting in Blackburn in September 1916 and initially linked to the labour and trade union movement. In April 1917, the Asquith Liberal MP James Myles Hogge sponsored a meeting at the National Liberal Club over the Military Service (Review of Exceptions) Bill, which proposed to reclassify those invalided out of the army to identify those who might be recalled to service. This meeting led to the formation of the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers (NFDSS).

The NFDSS decided to fight by-elections to put its message across. In the Liverpool Abercromby byelection in June 1917, the NFDSS candidate polled a quarter of the vote. In the 1918 general election its National Executive approved five candidates, and local branches sponsored 25 more, considered Independent NFDSS candidates. In three Leeds constituencies, the candidates were nominated jointly by the NFDSS, the NADSS and the Comrades of the Great War. None of the candidates were elected although many polled substantial votes. In addition, the NADSS sponsored a candidate, Robert Hewitt Barker, in Sowerby in unusual circumstances, in which he inherited the position of unofficial Conservative Party candidate and won.

The groups were politically diverse. Hogge was a left-wing Liberal, and most of the NFDSS were similarly left wing: among the NFDSS candidates was Ernest Thurtle, who later became a Labour Party MP. Henry Hamilton Beamish was a member of both the Vigilante Society and the NFDSS. In the 1918 general election he was one of the candidates sponsored by the NFDSS branches but not approved by the NFDSS National Executive, again in Clapham.

Following the election, none of the groups continued in active party politics. Hogge resigned as President of the NFDSS in January 1919. Following pressure from Douglas Haig, the NFDSS lifted its ban on officers being members in June 1919 and the three groups together with the Officers' Association began merger talks. At a Unity conference on 14–15 May 1921, they merged to form The Royal British Legion.

title: Silver Badge Party


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Shine We Are!

Shine We Are! is the third special album by Korean singer BoA, released on December 4, 2003. Some of her tracks contain Korean versions of her Japanese songs; the last track in the album features the Irish band Westlife.

Track listing

 * 1) "B.I.O"
 * 2) "Shine We Are!"
 * 3) "세상의 어디에서도 (One Way)"
 * 4) "Discovery"
 * 5) "Milky Way" (Club Remix)
 * 6) "Flower"
 * 7) "Searching for Truth"
 * 8) "Beside You"
 * 9) "이별풍경 (Always)"
 * 10) "Flying Without Wings" (Westlife featuring BoA)

title: Shine We Are!


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Joseph Waltl

Dr. Joseph Waltl (28 July 1805 – 4 March 1888) was a German physician and naturalist.

Waltl was born in Wasserburg am Bodensee and studied at Landshut and Munich, graduating in medicine in 1819. He then travelled in Austria, France and Spain. In 1833 he became a teacher in Passau, and in 1835 a professor of natural history at the university.

His numerous writings were mainly concerned with beetles and other insects. Notably, the singular Iberian ribbed newt was named Pleurodeles waltl in honor of the young Waltl by his colleague Karl Michahelles in 1830.

In 1839 he published "Reise durch Tyrol, Oberitalien und Piemont nach dem südlichen Spanien" (Journey through Tyrol, northern Italy and the Piedmont to southern Spain). Also, he was the author of several mineralogical/geognostic works associated with Passau and its environs.

title: Joseph Waltl


text:
Dokuz Eylul University Symphony Orchestra

Dokuz Eylul University Symphony Orchestra was founded in 2001 by Dokuz Eylül University in İzmir.


text:
Gallienus usurpers

The Gallienus usurpers were the usurpers who claimed imperial power during the reign of Gallienus (253–268, the first part of which he shared with his father Valerian). The existence of usurpers during the Crisis of the Third Century was very common, and the high number of usurpers fought by Gallienus is due to his long rule; fifteen years being considered long by the standards of the 3rd century Roman Empire.

Uprisings after the defeat of Valerian
After Valerian's defeat and capture by the Persians in 260, his son Gallienus became the only emperor. However, many uprisings happened, both in the East, with the formation of the Palmyrene Empire, and in the West, with the birth of the Gallic Empire. With the uncertainty of the period, the legions wanted to restore Roman power in the wake of Valerian's defeat, against the pressure of the barbarian people in the west and the Persians in the East.

Usurpers in the West

 * 260: Ingenuus – Chosen by the population and the army of the province of Pannonia. Killed for Gallienus by Manius Acilius Aureolus in 260 during the battle at Mursa.
 * 260: Regalianus – After his victory over the Sarmatians in 260, he was killed by a coalition of his own people and of the Roxolani.
 * 260–269: Postumus – Ruled over a Gallic Empire until his murder in 269.
 * 268: Manius Acilius Aureolus – Initially a Gallienus supporter, Aureolus turned against Gallienus while fighting against Postumus and his Gallic Empire. In 268, having surrendered to Emperor Claudius Gothicus after the death of Gallienus, Aureolus was murdered by the Praetorian Guard before Claudius could decide what to do with him.

Usurpers in the East

 * 260–261: Macrianus Major, Macrianus Minor, Quietus, and Balista, in the East. After Valerian's defeat, Gallienus was the only remaining emperor, but he was in the West. The Eastern army, needing a leader, offered the rule to Macrianus Major, a noble and wealthy man, but he refused because of his age and health. With the help of Balista, the Valerian prefect who had defeated the Persians after the emperor's death, and with Valerian wealth he held from his office of procurator arcae et praepositus annonae in expeditione Persica, Macrianus Major made his two sons Macrianus Minor and Quietus emperors. While Quietus and Balista stayed in the East and in Egypt to secure their rule, Macrianus Major and Minor moved to Thrace, to counter Gallienus, ruler of Italy and Illyricum. However, Gallienus' general Aureolus defeated and killed in battle both the Macriani, while Quietus was killed by Odaenathus of Palmyra.
 * 261: Piso and Valens Thessalonicus, in Achaea. The only source for these two usurpers is the Historia Augusta. Valens was the governor of Achaea, and remained loyal to Gallienus. In his march west, Macrianus sent Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi to counter Valens. Valens' troops proclaimed their commander emperor, and Piso's troops did the same with their commander. Piso was then killed by Valens, who was later killed by his own troops. The account of Achaea events made by Historia Augusta is very obscure and contains some forgeries, such as a senatus consultum granting Piso a statue.
 * 261: Mussius Aemilianus, in Aegyptus Province. Mussius supported the Macriani rebellion, controlling Egypt. When the Macriani were defeated, he probably proclaimed himself emperor, but was defeated and killed by Aurelius Theodotus, a general sent by Gallienus.
 * 262: Memor was in Northern Africa. He projected a rebellion against Gallienus, but was killed by Theodotus.

Fictitious usurpers
The author(s) of the Historia Augusta, which modern scholars consider a forgery, listed several other Gallienus usurpers in the book on the Thirty Tyrants, among which:
 * Trebellianus – rebelled in Isauria, gained control of Asia Minor, but was defeated by Camsisoleus, general of Gallienus, who was Egyptian and brother of Theodotus.
 * Celsus – fictitious usurper of Africa. Allegedly proclaimed emperor by Vibius Passienus, proconsul of the province, and Fabius Pomponianus, general of the Libyan frontier. He ruled for seven days.
 * Saturninus – not to be confused with Julius Saturninus, usurper under Probus, appears in the Historia Augusta as optimus ducum Gallieni temporis. According to this source, he was proclaimed emperor by his troops, but later killed by them for his severity. He is an apocryphal usurper, probably built on the model of Julius Saturninus.

title: Gallienus usurpers


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Army–Navy Screen Magazine

The Army–Navy Screen Magazine was a bi-weekly short film series which was shown to American military personnel around the world during World War II. It included a newsreel and a cartoon of Private Snafu. Originally titled The War when first released in May 1943, it was renamed after ten episodes. A total of fifty issues were produced until early 1946 by the Army Signal Corps under the supervision of director Frank Capra. The Private Snafu series was designated classified and were produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions/Warner Bros. Cartoons, UPA, MGM, and Harman-Ising Studio.

A Tale of Two Cities was an Army–Navy Screen Magazine film that tells about the destruction and death caused by atomic bombs dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, on August 6 and 9, 1945. An eyewitness account by Jesuit priest Father John Seimes, who had been on the outskirts of Hiroshima, was included. The short film was produced in 1946 by the United States War Department as issue number 74 of the series.

title: Army–Navy Screen Magazine


text:
Catherine Théot

Catherine Théot (born at Barenton (Normandy), France in 1716; died 1 September 1794) was a French visionary. Catherine believed she was destined to work for God. She gained notoriety when she was accused of being involved in a plot to overthrow the Republic, and the downfall of Maximilien Robespierre was attributed in part to her prophecies.

Life
Théot was born into a peasant family and from a young age suffered from hallucinations. She undertook a long course of religious asceticism in the lay convent of the Miramiones (fr) in Paris after which she was no longer of sound mind. In 1779 she announced herself to be the Virgin Mary, the new Eve, and the mother of God. After being held for a number of years in the Salpetrière hospital, she was set free in 1782. Not much is known about her activities for the following twelve years, but she made a home in the rue Contrescarpe and began to gather a small group of people who believed her prophecies. She believed that she was destined to be the mother of the new Messiah and was hailed as the "Mother of God".

Theotist sect
Theot taught her followers that "God had permitted 1789" and that revolutionary laws had been made through God's inspiration. Disobedience to the convention, she taught, was disobedience to God. These and similar beliefs were expounded in small gatherings of around fifteen women followers, in a room in a friend's house. Most of the women who followed her were of humble condition, but among them were also associates of the former Duchess of Bourbon, who consulted Catherine Theot for her prophecies and had sponsored the publication of a "Journal prophetique".

The Theotists saw the redeemer of mankind in Maximilien Robespierre, and preparations for his initiation were put in motion. The enemies of Robespierre, resenting his theocratic aims, used his relations with the Theotists as a way to get revenge. What became known as the "Catherine Théot affair" brought her notoriety in 1794. On 15 June Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier announced at the National Convention the plot to overthrow the Republic, accusing Théot and the people who met with her.

On 9 Thermidor Vadier claimed that a letter was found under Théot's mattress that proclaimed Robespierre to be John the Baptist of the new cult. Although the letter was likely fabricated, it was a way to condemn Robespierre for his connection with Théot and his Cult of the Supreme Being. The accusations lead to the arrest of Théot and some of her disciples.

The case was tried in the Revolutionary Tribunal, and figured in the proceedings of 9th of Thermidor. The accused were ultimately acquitted and set free. Catherine died in prison one month after Robespierre's execution.

title: Catherine Théot