text:
GOOD Music

GOOD Music (often stylized as G.O.O.D. Music; a backronym for Getting Out Our Dreams ) is an American independent record label founded by rapper Kanye West in 2004. The label entered an exclusive long-term worldwide distribution contract with the Island Def Jam Music Group in 2011. In 2012, the label released its only compilation album, Cruel Summer. In 2015, Pusha T was appointed president of the label by West, while record executive Steven Victor was appointed chief operating officer (COO). In late 2022, Pusha T stepped down from the position as he was no longer on speaking terms with West.

The label has released two number-one US Billboard Hot 100 singles—"All of Me" by John Legend, and "Panda" by Desiigner—as well as nine number-one US Billboard 200 albums—Finding Forever (2007) by Common; Dark Sky Paradise (2015), I Decided (2017), and Detroit 2 (2020) by Big Sean; The Life of Pablo (2016), Ye (2018), Jesus Is King (2019), and Donda (2021) by Kanye West; and It's Almost Dry (2022) by Pusha T. Due to the expiration of West's recording contract with Def Jam, the latter album served as the label's second-to-final release, ultimately closed by You Can't Kill Me (2022) by 070 Shake.

Prior efforts
In 2001, West established a company to forward revenue cuts for his expanding production work. Known at the time as Konman Productions (or Konman Entertainment), it was joined by local talent including Devo Harris, BoogzDaBeast, Brian "All Day" Miller, Arrowstar, GLC, Mikkey Halsted, and Really Doe, among others. Many members of the company have since contributed to West's following projects or sign to what would become known as GOOD Music. Select members of the company, including West, contributed to a bootleg compilation project titled World Record Holders under the recording outfit "Go Getters" in 1999.

2004–2007
GOOD Music was founded in 2004 by Kanye West in a joint venture with Sony BMG, shortly after the release of his debut album The College Dropout. Ohio singer John Legend and fellow Chicago rapper Common were the label's initial artists, along with West himself. Legend's Get Lifted (2004) was the label's first album release and quickly led both the artist and label to commercial success. The album won three awards from eight nominations at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards, and was supported by the Best Male R&B Performance recipient "Ordinary People", which also peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100. In October 2006, Legend released his second album, Once Again, which won Legend his second consecutive Grammy for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance with its single "Heaven".

Common's Be (2005), the label's second release, was the recipient of four Grammy Award nominations. During this time, Chicago-based recording artists GLC, Really Doe, Consequence, and Malik Yusef, as well as West's familial relative Tony Williams were added to its roster. West's second studio album, Late Registration, included guest appearances by each of the label's artists by the time of its August 2005 release. In 2005, West met then-unknown rapper Sean "Big Sean" Anderson before a radio interview. After performing a freestyle, he left West with a demo tape, and in May 2007, Big Sean was signed to the label. In an August 2007 interview with Billboard, West expressed regrets over starting the label:

"Running a record label was the biggest mistake I ever made. I never asked to be a label owner. Sony offered it to me, and I took it. But I can't be there when people are calling me to the studio to hear some music or approve clothes for a video. No disrespect to anybody, my focus is [on] Graduation, I've got a hard enough time calling radio programmers and getting them to play 'Can't Tell Me Nothing', a song that's connecting with people but that's only at 1,400 spins."

2008–2011
In 2008, British singer-songwriter Mr Hudson was signed, following the release of his debut A Tale of Two Cities (2007). There followed Kid Cudi, and manager Plain Pat. Kid Cudi's debut album, Man on the Moon: The End of Day was released under GOOD Music on September 15, 2009. The album earned three Grammy nominations and was certified Gold by the RIAA. A month later, Mr Hudson's major label debut, Straight No Chaser, was released. In late 2010, West released several tracks featuring himself, and others members of the GOOD Music roster, in a free weekly giveaway known as, G.O.O.D. Fridays. In September 2010, Brooklyn rapper Mos Def was signed. Shortly afterwards Consequence released a diss track and left the label. The following month Pusha T announced his signing to the label. Late in 2010, Kid Cudi released his second studio album Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager, followed by West's fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. West, Pusha T, Big Sean, Common and Cyhi the Prynce took part in a cypher at the 2010 BET Hip Hop Awards.

In April 2011, West signed American rapper and producer Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest. Kanye West also signed producer Hit-Boy, to Very Good Beats. In 2011, West signed Nigerian artists D'banj and Don Jazzy. In June 2011, GOOD Music signed their first distribution agreement, with Def Jam Recordings. Big Sean's debut Finally Famous was the first album released by GOOD Music with distribution by Def Jam.

2012–2017
In late 2011, plans were announced for a release of a compilation album, later entitled Cruel Summer. The album's lead single "Mercy", was released on April 6, 2012, and features verses from Kanye West, Pusha T and Big Sean, as well as GOOD Music affiliate 2 Chainz. The album was also preceded by the singles "New God Flow" and "Clique", the latter of which peaked at number 12 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It features West and Big Sean rapping alongside Jay-Z. Cruel Summer was released on September 18, 2012. It was accompanied by the eponymous short film Cruel Summer, which was shot in Qatar; the film premiered at Cannes Film Festival.

In January 2013, Scottish record producer and DJ Hudson Mohawke, announced that he had signed to the production arm of GOOD Music — Very Good Beats. On April 2, 2013, Kid Cudi announced on Power 106 that he was no longer with the label, leaving on amicable terms. Cudi felt he was "underused" and would have preferred to record something particular for Yeezus (2013). On June 29, 2013, producer Hit-Boy of Very Good Beats announced that his contract expired and that he was no longer signed to GOOD Music. American Apparel model Kacy Hill was signed to the label December 2014, after appearing as a backup dancer on West's Yeezus Tour. In March 2015, GOOD Music signed HXLT.

In November 2015, West appointed Pusha T the president of GOOD Music, while record executive Steven Victor was appointed COO. In January 2016, Mos Def retired from music announcing it in a freestyle released in conjunction with West's G.O.O.D. Fridays series. On June 3, 2016, Kanye West announced GOOD Music's upcoming album, Cruel Winter, in an interview with Big Boy.

On September 7, 2016, West announced that former Young Money Entertainment/Cash Money Records artist Tyga, signed a record deal with GOOD Music. Despite this, Tyga's only release with the label would be his 2017 single "Feel Me" in a joint venture with Interscope Records. Later that day, Pusha T announced Atlanta-based rap trio Migos had signed a management deal with the label. However, in January 2017, Migos clarified that although there were discussions for a management deal, nothing had come to fruition. On September 9, 2016, the official GOOD Music Twitter account uploaded an image of an updated artist roster with the caption "THIS IS GOOD MUSIC". The image indicated that several artists had either left or been removed by the label, including D'banj, Malik Yusef, Ryan McDermott, and Mr Hudson. Later that month, in a radio interview with The Breakfast Club, John Legend announced that his fifth studio album, Darkness and Light, would be his last with GOOD Music.

GOOD was advertised as one of the headlining acts of the ill-fated Fyre Festival in 2017; however, the exact member(s) of the label that were to perform were never established.

In May 2017, Pusha T signed Francis and the Lights to GOOD Music. In February 2018, Pusha T followed up by signing Valee with GOOD Music as well.

2018–present
In 2018, West revealed he would produce upcoming albums by GOOD Music label-mates Pusha T and Teyana Taylor, as well as Nas. Pusha T's Daytona, "the first project out of Wyoming", was released in May to critical acclaim, although the album's artwork—a photograph of deceased singer Whitney Houston's bathroom that West paid $85,000 to license—attracted some controversy. The following week, West released his eighth studio album, Ye. West has suggested that he scrapped the original recordings of the album and re-recorded it within a month. The week after, West released a collaborative album with former GOOD Music artist Kid Cudi, titled Kids See Ghosts, named after their group of the same name. West also completed production work on Nas' Nasir and Teyana Taylor's K.T.S.E., which were released in June 2018.

On October 29, 2021, Big Sean announced on Twitter that after 14 years, he has stepped away from Kanye West's GOOD Music label, saying "That's a forever brotherhood, but business wise, I had to start getting a bigger cut! I worked my way out that deal." Afterwards, West would appear on the program Drink Champs hosted by N.O.R.E. and DJ EFN, where he would talk with them about different topics, one of them being John Legend and Big Sean leaving his label, where West would state "I already decided that when I die on my tombstone it's going to say, 'I deserve to be here because I signed Big Sean,'" as well as "The worst thing I've ever done was sign Big Sean." Before the episode, Big Sean said on Twitter "I just got asked to be on the next Drink Champs so I'm assuming Ye talkin' crazy." and would also share a photo of him and West from after the interview, writing "Was just [with] this man, he ain't say none of that!"

On October 24, 2022, it was revealed that Def Jam had officially parted ways with West and GOOD was no longer distributed by their label. This comes as a response to West's recent controversies involving actions deemed as antisemitic and racist, though it was revealed that West was already released from Def Jam following the release of Donda as the album completed his album contract with the label.

On December 19, 2022, Pusha T announced that he was no longer on speaking terms with West and has stepped down from his post as President of GOOD Music and is officially off the imprint.

In 2023, a 2018 video of West publicly disavowing the company leaked online. In the video, West chastised his lack of control of the label during a phone call with former manager Scooter Braun, to where he said: "[I]t's gon' be a get me out this motherfucking GOOD Music shit now. And Scooter, ain't gon' be no 'I'm still putting my name on this shit.' I need to get rid of GOOD Music because I'm great. And guess what good is? The enemy of great."

Very Good Beats
G.O.O.D. Music also has a production wing known as Very Good Beats; this serves as a group of in-house producers.

Current producers

 * 88-Keys
 * Benny Cassette
 * Boogz & Tapez
 * Charlie Heat
 * Evian Christ
 * Hudson Mohawke
 * Jeff Bhasker
 * Kanye West
 * Lifted
 * Mike Dean
 * No I.D.
 * Noah Goldstein
 * Symbolyc One (S1)
 * Travis Scott

Former producers

 * Brian "All Day" Miller
 * Devo Springsteen
 * Don Jazzy
 * Keezo Kane
 * Keyon Christ (aka Mitus)
 * Q-Tip

Operations
GOOD Music and its associated logo are trademarks of Mascotte Holdings; West's holding company founded in 2004.

title: GOOD Music


text: User talk:80.46.141.119

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.46.141.119


text:
Talk:Peter Baynham

Peter Baynham didn't write for On The Hour with Lee and Herring
Peter Baynham didn't write for On The Hour with Lee and Herring, he wrote for The Day Today, effectively replacing Lee and Herring. I can't be bothered to mess about with the article sentence so that it makes sense, so I reckon someone else should do it.

Right, no one else did it so I just changed 'did' to 'didn't.' Seems fine now. 86.139.44.141 18:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 01:54, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Renowned? Really?
"Baynham is one of the most renowned comedy writers working in Britain" seems a highly subjective statement even if it's justifiable or can be substantiated, which I doubt. --Jerry (talk) 09:54, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Peter Baynham


text:
Young Social Democrats (Estonia)

The Estonian Social Democratic Youth (Noored Sotsiaaldemokraadid, colloquially Noorsotsid) is the youth wing organisation of the Social Democratic Party of Estonia. The organisation has been a member of the International Union of Socialist Youth since 1996 and a member of the Young European Socialists since 2001. The current president is Maris Neeno and the vice presidents are Birgit Sitska and Kaur Lukki-Lukin.

Ideology
The political program of the Young Social Democrats prioritizes equality, justice and solidarity. Their goal is a democratic and balanced society which guarantees all people equal rights, opportunities, and means of self-actualization. They envision a world where human rights are unwavering, society follows humanistic values, and cooperation along common interests is fostered among all people and serves as a keystone of society. They Young Social Democrats believe in social justice, caring for all members of society, and creating a strong sense of security. They stand for a socially-funded healthcare system, where everyone can receive medical care according to their needs, without having to pay for a doctor's appointment. Such a system is guaranteed by the employer's monthly payment of social tax, of which 13 percent goes to health insurance funds.

The two overarching goals of the Young Social Democrats are to promote the social democratic way of thinking and to educate the members of their organization in order to make them full-fledged citizens who understand how society works and care about its progress.

History
The party got its name on 3 May 2003. The former name was the Youth Moderates (Noored Mõõdukad) in 1998–2003 when the Estonian Social Democratic Youth Union (Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Noorteliit) and Young Centrists (Noored Tsentristid) united. Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Noorteliit was formed on 12 December 1992 as the youth wing of the Estonian Social Democratic Party. Noored Tsentristid was the youth wing of the Estonian Rural Centre Party (Eesti Maa-Keskerakond). In 2000, the youth wing of the Estonian People's Party (Eesti Rahvaerakond) called Vox was united with the Youth Moderates, since their mother parties had also united.

Clubs
As per the founding charter of the organization, youth association clubs are formed with members active in counties, cities or municipalities. The club's board consists of the leader and members of the board elected by the club's general assembly. The working format of the club's board is a meeting, which takes place at least once a month, except for the month of July. The club leaders convene and conduct club board meetings, and if necessary, announce the club's general assemblies. The most authoritative decision-making process of the club is the general assembly (a meeting where all club members are invited and can vote), which is assembled by the board at least once a year. The content of these meetings -- the clubs' general assemblies and board meetings -- are recorded.

The Young Social Democrats have the Tallinn club, which is led by Andreas Randoja; the Tartu club, led by Peeter Samoldin; and the Viljandi club, led by Liisa Kivilaan.

Presidents

 * Ardo Ojasalu (1992–1994)
 * Peep Peterson (1994–1998)
 * Rene Tammist (1998–2001)
 * Jarno Laur (2001–2003)
 * Jörgen Siil (2003–2004)
 * Randel Länts (2004–2005)
 * Gerri Lesk (2005–2006)
 * Vallo-Andreas Hallik (2006–2008)
 * Kairit Kolsar (Pohla) (2008–2009)
 * Heiki Järveveer (2009–2011)
 * Lauri Läänemets (2011-2013)
 * Elis Tootsman (2013-2014)
 * Karl Kirt (2014-2015)
 * Maris Sild (2015-2016)
 * Monika Maljukov (2016-2018)
 * Joosep Vimm (2018-2020)
 * Õnne Paulus (2020-2022)
 * Eliis Lelov (2022-2022)
 * Õnne Paulus (2022-2023)
 * Maris Neeno (2023-...)

title: Young Social Democrats (Estonia)


text:
Talk:Jean-Claude Decaux

Untitled
NB the correct form of the company name is JCDecaux without any spaces. Barnabypage 15:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

BLP status change
Due to the death of this person, the BLP status of this article has changed. This does ‘’’not’’’ mean that unsourced material that would contravene the Biography of Living Persons rules can be added this article. Capitalistroadster (talk) 05:38, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

1963 or 1964?
It seems to me the International Directory of Company Histories source says JCDecaux was founded in 1964; the New York Magazine source (Toilet Wars) says 1963. I also have read in some places that French billboard laws changed in 1964; while again New York Magazine says 1963.64.186.47.170 (talk) 03:21, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean-Claude Decaux


text:
Discontinuous reception

Discontinuous reception (DRX) is a method used in mobile communication to conserve the battery of the mobile device.

The mobile device and the network negotiate phases in which data transfer occurs. During other times the device turns its receiver off and enters a low power state.

This is usually a function designed into the protocol that allows this to happen - most notably how the transmission is structured - for example in slots with headers containing address details so that devices can listen to these headers in each slot to decide whether the transmission is relevant to them or not. In this case, the receiver only has to be active at the beginning of each slot to receive the header, conserving battery life.

Other techniques include polling, whereby the device is placed into standby for a given amount of time and then a beacon is sent by the access point or base station periodically which indicates if there is any waiting data for it. This is used in 802.11 wireless networks when compatible access cards and access points negotiate a power saving mode arrangement.

A hybrid of the above techniques could be used in reality.

title: Discontinuous reception


text:
Ulster Banner

The Ulster Banner (Irish: Meirge Uladh), also unofficially known as the Ulster Flag or Flag of Northern Ireland, is a heraldic banner taken from the former coat of arms of Northern Ireland, consisting of a red cross on a white field, upon which is a crowned six-pointed star with a red hand in the centre. It was the flag of the former Government of Northern Ireland and common flag of Northern Ireland from 1953 until that government was abolished in 1973 with the passing of the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.

Origin
The arms and flag were designed in Dublin Castle by Major Sir Nevile Wilkinson, Ulster King of Arms, in 1923–1924. The flag is based on the flag of the traditional province of Ulster, including a Red Hand of Ulster in the centre, and the red de Burgh cross (though some claim this is the Saint George's Cross ). It has the addition of a crown to represent the monarchy of the United Kingdom. Rather than a shield, the Red Hand is inside a six-pointed star, representing the six counties that make up Northern Ireland. It is blazoned: "Argent a cross gules, overall on a six-pointed star of the field ensigned by an Imperial crown proper a Dexter hand couped at the wrist of the second".

The flag is also sometimes called the Ulster flag, the Northern Ireland flag, the (old) Stormont flag, or the Red Hand of Ulster flag. Loyalists often use "Ulster" as another name for Northern Ireland, and Stormont was the seat of the former Government of Northern Ireland.

Use by the Government of Northern Ireland
In 1924, the Government of Northern Ireland was granted its own coat of arms by Royal Warrant and had the right to display these arms on a flag or banner. This right was exercised for the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. From 1953 until 1972 (when the government last sat), the flag was used officially by the Government of Northern Ireland and also as a de facto civic flag for Northern Ireland. In 1973, the Government and Parliament of Northern Ireland were abolished by the Parliament of the United Kingdom under the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973.

Later use
Since the Government of Northern Ireland was abolished in 1973, the flag (and variations thereof) has continued to be used by unionists. In 2004, Belfast City Council commissioned a study on the flying of flags that noted that the Ulster Banner continued to be flown, alongside the Union flag, by three unionist-controlled local authorities in Northern Ireland: Ards Borough Council, Carrickfergus Borough Council, and Castlereagh Borough Council.

International sport
The Ulster Banner is used to represent Northern Ireland at the Commonwealth Games, to represent golfers on the PGA Tour, and by FIFA to represent the Northern Ireland national football team.

title: Ulster Banner


text:
User:Beyonddignity

A student, amateur historian, and slob.

title: User:Beyonddignity


text:
User:Wikigab2

Translated page:

 * Elsa Lunghini

title: User:Wikigab2


text:
User talk:Wikigab2

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - Gblaz 15:03, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Galicia
Recently WikiProject Galicia has been created. Perhaps you are interested in joining us to help improving Galicia articles at English Wikipedia. --Stoni(talk) 14:18, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wikigab2


text:
The Yellow Rose of Texas (song)

"The Yellow Rose of Texas" is a traditional American song dating back to at least the 1850s. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Many versions of the song have been recorded, the most popular of which was by Mitch Miller, whose version reached No. 1 in the United States in 1955. Its popularity made it an unofficial state song of Texas (the actual state song is "Texas, Our Texas").

Origin
The earliest known version of "The Yellow Rose of Texas" is found in ''Christy's Plantation Melodies. No. 2'', a songbook published under the authority of Edwin Pearce Christy in Philadelphia in 1853. Christy was the founder of the blackface minstrel show known as the Christy's Minstrels. The song was uncredited in the songbook and it had no sheet music. in 1858, someone named J.K. revised the lyrics of the song and added a piano accompaniment to the song. Research in 2010 proposed that J.K. was John Kelly, who used the stage name J.K. Campbell, later J.K. Edward, as a member of the Christy's Minstrels. It is possible that J.K. was the original writer of the song.

Like most minstrel songs, the lyrics are written in a cross between a parody of a generic creole dialect historically attributed to African-Americans and standard American English. The song is written in the first person from the perspective of an African-American singer who refers to himself as a "darkey," longing to return to "a yellow girl" (that is, a light-skinned, or bi-racial woman born of African/African-American and European-American progenitors). In the 1858 revision, J.K changed the lyrics from "yellow girl" to "yellow rose". The following year Napoleon W. Gould added a guitar arrangement to the song.

The song became a popular song particularly associated with Texas, and its popularity continued into the 20th century. In 1933, Gene Autry and Jimmie Long made it into a cowboy song with some revisions of the lyrics, for example, replacing "no other darkey knows her, no darkey only me" with "no other fellow knows her, nobody else but me." Roy Rogers performed a version of the song in the 1944 film The Yellow Rose of Texas. The lyrics continued to evolve in the 20th century into a song that is racially neutral.

A story emerged in the 20th century that "The Yellow Rose of Texas" referred to Emily D. West, who was supposedly involved in the Battle of San Jacinto during the Texas Revolution. The claim is disputed, but it nevertheless spawned a number of books on the subject.

Civil War use of the song
The song was popular during the American Civil War in both the North and the South, and several different versions existed, with titles such as "The Gallant Hood of Texas" and "The song of the Texas Ranger".

This song became popular among Confederate soldiers in the Texas Brigade; upon taking command of the Army of Tennessee in July 1864, General John Bell Hood introduced it as a marching song. The final verse and chorus were slightly altered by the remains of Hood's force after their crushing defeat at the Battle of Nashville that December:

(Last verse) Or alternatively:

The modified lyrics reference famous Confederate military commanders Joseph Johnston, P.G.T. Beauregard, and Robert E. Lee. Soldiers sang it openly to mock Hood's mishandling of the campaign on Nashville.

In this version of the chorus, "soldier" replaced "darkey." The same substitution is made throughout the song.

The song was very popular with not only Texan troops but other infantry units in the west such as Louisiana and Arkansas.

Mitch Miller's recording
In 1955, Don George reworked the song, gave the song a marching beat, and this version appeared in an album of Civil War songs. Mitch Miller came across this version, and recorded the song with an arrangement that includes snare drums. Miller's lyrics have further changes, for example using "little rosebud" for "rose of color". Miller was convinced of the potential of the song, and ordered a pressing of 100,000 copies of the single, with the promise that he would buy back all copies at cost if they did not sell. This recording was released by Columbia in July 1955 in the U.S.

The song reached number one hit on the Billboard retail chart on September 5, 1955, knocking Bill Haley & His Comets' "Rock Around The Clock" from the top of Billboard's Best Sellers chart. It stayed top of the chart for six weeks, interrupted by Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing for a week on October 8. Miller's was No. 1 on the U.S. pop chart the same week Giant star James Dean died, and 13 months later, Miller's hit version was used for a key scene in the 1956 Texas-based film Giant that starred James Dean.

The song peaked at the No. 1 position in Australia, and in the UK it reached No. 2.

Billboard ranked Miller's version as the No. 3 song of 1955. The song became a gold record in the US, with a million copies sold.

Gene Autry and Jimmy Long version
Gene Autry first recorded this song on January 27, 1933, at Victor Studios, without supporting musicians. On March 1, he and Jimmy Long recorded the better-known version for American Record Corporation (ARC). This was released in June 1933 on Melotone Records (catalog No. 12700). Perfect and several other dime store labels distributed by ARC. His version started with "There's a yellow rose in Texas, I'm going back to see, no other fellow knows her, nobody else but me." On March 10, Autry filed a copyright not for lyrics, but for his arrangement and melody. Whether the copyright was good is unknown, Gene knew all the tricks of the trade, and he learned how to squeeze every dime out of his creative efforts. He made a small fortune from songwriting and publishing over the years (600 songs), and in 1961 he bought a major league baseball team.

The soundtrack to the TV miniseries James A. Michener's Texas dates a version of the song to June 2, 1933, and co-credits both the authorship and performance to Gene Autry and Jimmy Long.

Other versions
In 1955, Johnny Desmond also released a version around the same time as Mitch Miller. Desmond's version reached No. 6 on the retail chart, and No. 4 on the most-played by deejay chart. Stan Freberg also issued a parody version of the song the same year in which the bandleader warred with the snare drummer, Alvin Stoller, who also featured prominently in Miller's arrangement.

 * Dacosta Woltz's Southern Broadcasters, Gennet - 6143 (1927)
 * Dario Moreno
 * Roy Rogers (1942)
 * Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1955 for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the CD So Rare: Treasures from the Crosby Archive (2010)
 * Ronnie Hilton - this reached the No. 15 spot in the UK charts in 1955.
 * Michael Holliday - a single release in 1955.
 * Mantovani (1959)
 * Pat Boone (1961)
 * Hoyt Axton (1991) on "Songs of the Civil War" CD (Columbia)
 * Kidsongs (1997)
 * Waldemar Matuška
 * Willie Nelson.

The Yellow Rose
In 1984, country music artists Johnny Lee and Lane Brody recorded a song titled "The Yellow Rose," which retained the original melody of "The Yellow Rose of Texas" but with new lyrics, for the title theme to a TV series also titled The Yellow Rose. It was a number one country hit that year.

Original lyrics
Earliest known 1853 version, from Christy's Plantation Melodies. No. 2: (The lyrics have since been modified.)

title: The Yellow Rose of Texas (song)


text:
The Racist Mind

The Racist Mind: Portraits of American Neo-Nazis and Klansmen is a book by Raphael S. Ezekiel. It attempts to provide sociological and psychological insights into White supremacist groups, including neo-Nazi groups and the Ku Klux Klan, and their members.

The book is divided into three parts: "Gatherings" (relating the author's attendance at rallies, trials, and congresses), "National Leaders" (Tom Metzger, Dave Holland, and Richard Butler), and "Detroit" (portraits of the members of a neo-Nazi group).

It was published by Viking Press in 1995 (hardcover, 368 pages, ISBN 0-670-83958-2); it was reprinted in paperback by Penguin in 1996 (ISBN 0-14-023449-7).

Contents

 * Acknowledgments
 * Note on Names and Pseudonyms
 * Introduction
 * Part One: Gatherings
 * One: Klan Rally at Stone Mountain, Georgia
 * Two: Breakfast in Arkansas - Sedition Trial
 * Three: Aryan Nations Congress - Northern Idaho

 * Part Two: National Leaders
 * Four: Introduction
 * Five: Tom Metzger: White Aryan Resistance
 * Six: Dave Holland: Southern White Knights
 * Seven: Richard Butler: Aryan Nations
 * Eight: Reflections

 * Part Three: Detroit
 * Nine: Introduction
 * Ten: Contact
 * Eleven: Paul
 * Twelve: Terri
 * Thirteen: William
 * Fourteen: Raymond and Rosandra
 * Fifteen: Francis
 * Sixteen: Joey, Eddie
 * Seventeen: Nolan
 * Eighteen: Reflections

 * Epilogue
 * Appendix: Suggested Reading

title: The Racist Mind


text:
Talk:Beverly Hills Cop

Create a film series article
I think we should create a film series article for Beverly Hills Cop because it seems like a good idea,it's a big franchise and we can properly link the fourth film (in development hell) with the series, as it seems a more appropriate place to put it.--EclipseSSD (talk) 20:14, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Film originally produced
The film was originally planned and written as a Sly Stallone action vehicle, but Sly demanded a special effect than required too much money to produce, and he walked when it was denied. Eddie was brought in after filming started, and the script was re-written on the fly - with many jokes adlibbed on set. It was originally a straight revenge action movie, and only became a comedy after eddie murphey was brought in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.101.91.122 (talk • contribs)

Where did the name axel foley come frik
having played california games, the game "footbag" has a very complex trick called the axel foley, could this be the origin of the name of the movie character?

It's probably the other way around. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.178.246.201 (talk) 07:00, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Location
I was searching the article for information on the locations (aside from the obvious ones) in the movie. More specifically, could anyone verify that the outdoor shoot-out scenes at Victor Maitland's mansion were actually filmed at newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst's 1926, 6.5-acre mansion in Beverly Hills? (...same place as parts of The Godfather were filmed?) Xenophon777 00:58, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Harold Faltermeyer - Axel F excerpt.ogg
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Highest Grossing Film
Actually Ghostbusters overtook the #1 highest grossing film of 1984 when the film got re-released the following year. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.34.211 (talk) 02:57, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Trivia
Proppose to delete the entire Trivia section 188.207.110.120 (talk) 13:06, 6 October 2016 (UTC)
 * It had no sources, so I simply deleted it. ---  The Old Jacobite  The '45  13:26, 6 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Refs to use
https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/beverly-hills-cop-eddie-murphy-beat-ghostbusters/ Darkwarriorblake / SEXY ACTION TALK PAGE! 22:40, 27 June 2019 (UTC)

Saving Private Ryan?
Silvester Stallone have mentioned (auditioning for the movie), that the script of Beverly Hill's Cop was similar to that of Save Private Ryan.

How is this possible, if Beverly Hill's Cop is from 1984, but Dave Private Ryan was filmed 14 years later?

Ankman (talk) 19:33, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

“Buddy cop” movie?
The lead sentence says it’s a buddy cop movie. The intro section mentions no lead other than Eddie Murphy. Where’s the buddy? The plot summary doesn’t mention a buddy either.

2603:3006:1078:E000:849B:E01:2E78:C26F (talk) 05:06, 26 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beverly Hills Cop


text:
Live at the Black Cat

Live at the Black Cat is a live album by American hardcore punk band Scream. It was released on February 10, 1998, by Torque Records. The album was recorded live at The Black Cat in Washington, D.C., on December 28, 1996, at a Christmas reunion show. The band featured the original band line-up of Franz Stahl on lead guitar, his brother Pete Stahl on lead vocals, Skeeter Thompson on bass and Kent Stax on drums. Robert "Harley" Davidson, who was picked up by the band in the mid 1980's during the recording of the band's second album "This Side Up" also performed on guitar on the recording. All material on the record was written by Franz and Pete Stahl with the exception of "No More Censorship" which was written by Davidson. Scream alumni drummer Dave Grohl who played with Nirvana and later Foo Fighters guest appeared as the drummer on "No More Censorship".

Track listing

 * 1) "Came Without Warning" – 2:15
 * 2) "Cry Wolf" – 1:04
 * 3) "This Side Up" – 2:37
 * 4) "New Song" – 2:25
 * 5) "Solidarity" – 1:42
 * 6) "Total Mash" – 2:00
 * 7) "Show & Tell Me" – 2:03
 * 8) "Ultra Violence" – 1:38
 * 9) "Still Screaming" – 2:35
 * 10) "No More Censorship" – 4:27
 * 11) "Fight/American Justice" – 3:52
 * 12) "Zoo Closes" – 1:52
 * 13) "Bet You Never Thought" – 2:59
 * 14) "Hygiene" – 2:51
 * 15) "Bedlam" – 1:52
 * 16) "Influenced to Ignorance" – 1:12
 * 17) "U Sucka" – 1:24
 * 18) "We're Fed Up" – 1:34
 * 19) "Human Behavior" – 1:50
 * 20) "Feel Like That" – 5:52

Personnel
Scream
 * Pete Stahl – vocals
 * Franz Stahl – guitar
 * Skeeter Thompson – bass
 * Robert "Harley" Davidson – guitar
 * Kent Stax – drums, except on "No More Censorship"
 * Dave Grohl – drums on "No More Censorship"

title: Live at the Black Cat


text:
Caltagirone

Caltagirone (Cartaggiruni or Caltaggiruni; Calata Hieronis) is an inland city and municipality (comune) in the Metropolitan City of Catania, on the island (and region) of Sicily, Southern Italy, about 70 km southwest of Catania.

It is the fifth most populous municipality of the Metropolitan City, behind Catania, Acireale, Misterbianco and Paternò. Alongside Catania, it is the only town that has a tribunal seat in the former province. Since 1987, the comune has obtained the City title, through a presidential act. After Caltanissetta, it is the second-most populous comune in Central Sicily.

The town is a production center of pottery, particularly maiolica and terra-cotta wares. Contemporary production is more and more oriented to artistic production of ceramics and terra-cotta sculptures. Other activities are mainly related to agriculture (production of grapes, olives, peaches), third-sector activities, light industry and tourism.

History
The city's name derives from the Arabic qalʿat al-jirār (قلعة الجرار, "castle of [pottery] jars") – a name that attests to the antiquity of the local pottery works and to Arab influence in the area before 1000 CE. are still thriving. Concerning the name etymology, there are other hypothesis, that could refer to the Greek or Genoan past of the town, or also to something concerning the land or the surrounding area.

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, as shown by the presence of two necropolises dating from the second millennium BCE, and by numerous other archaeological finds. It was later inhabited by the Sicels, a people who predated Roman occupation and control.

Inside the municipal area, there's the archaeological area of Monte San Mauro, dug by archaeologist Paolo Orsi during the early 20th century, where there was found an inhabited area with a cult area and a necropolis: it would be likely a Leontinoi subcolony, the Chalcidian town of Euboia, despite some scientists think it would be also the case of a Colony under Gela rule, because of the important closure between the archaeological area and the Geloan Fields.

During the Middle Age, Arabs built a castle here; in 1030 it was attacked by Ligurian troops under the Byzantine general George Maniakes. The current town's Sicilian dialect continues to have traces of Ligurian language. The city flourished under the Norman, Hohenstaufen and Aragonese domination, becoming a renowned center for production of ceramics.

The city was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of 1693. Many public and private buildings were reconstructed in a Sicilian Late-Baroque style. The city has an array of architectural resources and, together with the surrounding territory, is protected by the UNESCO World Heritage program.

During unification struggles, on May 29, 1860, the town was looted by the Bourbon army led by general Gaetano Afan de Rivera; they were fleeing from the Garibaldini forces towards Catania.

During the first part of the 20th century, the town was a stronghold of Italian Christian democracy movement, due to the presence of renowned politician Luigi Sturzo, Italian People's Party founder. Later, the town produced such nationwide politicians as Italian Prime minister Mario Scelba, and Sicilian president Silvio Milazzo.

Before and after this period, Caltagirone saw the building of many monuments in Art Nouveau style: some examples are the Saint Julian church portal, the Officine Elettriche (it could be translated as Electrical Factories), some nobles' palaces (for example Palazzo della Magnolia) and the Vittorio Emanuele's Post office.

During the World War II, the town was one of the earliest Operation Husky checkpoints, in which there were all of the three Ally contingents (US, Canada and UK). Also, it was the final theatre of the Indepentist season, specifically the area of San Mauro; there, the Royal Carabinieri and the Concetto Gallo-ruled EVIS had a battle, won by the Italian army.

After this period, the town experienced, during the rest of the 20th century, some oscillations concerning overall population, remaining between 36,000 and 39,000 inhabitants; meanwhile, the town dramatically sprawled, increasing its urban area, and developing its own suburban area, that has both suburban features and countryside ones.

Today, Caltagirone is a mid-tier Sicilian town. It is one of the 25 most populous towns in Sicily, and one of the 250 most populous in Italy.

Geography
The municipality borders with Acate (RG), Gela (CL), Grammichele, Licodia Eubea, Mazzarino (CL), Mazzarrone, Mineo, Mirabella Imbaccari, Niscemi (CL), Piazza Armerina (EN) and San Michele di Ganzaria.

Its hamlets (frazioni) are Albanazzo, Colleggiata (or Collegiata), Favarella, Granieri, Mulino Buongiovanni, Piano Carbone, Piano San Paolo, Rangasia, San Basilio – Casa Prete, San Mauro, Santo Pietro, Serra Fornazzo, Signore del Soccorso, Villa Gravina and Villa Grazia.

Main sights
A collection of ancient and modern pottery and terra-cotta, dating to the Magna Grecia period, is shown in the local Museum of Pottery. The museum was created in 1965.

The main landmark of the city is the 142-step monumental Staircase of Santa Maria del Monte, built from 1608 in the old part of the town. Each step is decorated with different hand-decorated ceramics, using styles and figures derived from the city's millennial tradition of pottery making. Once a year, on and around the day of the city's patron saint, (St. James, 25 July), the staircase is illuminated with candles of different colours. They are arranged to create an artistic display of several tens of meters.

Religious buildings include:
 * San Giuliano (Saint Julian): Cathedral of Norman origin, dedicated to St Julian, with a twentieth-century art nouveau façade by Saverio Gulli.
 * San Francesco di Paola (Saint Francis of Paola): Baroque church; the sacristy is in Gothic style, dating from before the 1693 earthquake.
 * San Francesco all'Immacolata (Saint Francis to the Immaculate): Church dedicated to St Francis of Assisi, built originally in 1236 and rebuilt in Baroque style after 1693. The façade has two orders with marine symbols and a statue of the Immaculate (Virgin Mary). The dome is unfinished.
 * Chiesa del Gesù (Church of Jesus): Church of Jesus, built by Jesuits. (1570). The façade has eight statues portraying saints and the Madonna with Child. The interior, one a single nave, houses a Pietà by Filippo Paladino (1607) and Christ's Nativity by painter Polidoro da Caravaggio.
 * Santa Maria di Gesù (Saint Mary of Jesus): adjacent to Franciscan convent, with Madonna statue by Gagini
 * Santa Maria del Monte (12th century).
 * The Renaissance Church of the New Capuchins, in white stone, with a noteworthy treasure and a picture gallery.
 * San Giacomo (Saint James)
 * San Giorgio (Saint George) - church contains an altarpiece attributed to Rogier van der Weyden
 * Also noteworthy is the Palazzo Senatorio (15th century), the former Town Hall.

Notable people

 * Don Luigi Sturzo (1871–1959), founder of the Italian People's Party (Italian: Partito Popolare Italiano, later Democrazia Cristiana). He is one of the most important Italian statesman and politician since the creation of the unitary State.
 * Mario Scelba (1901–1991), Minister of the Interior and Prime Minister of Italy from February 1954 to July 1955.
 * Silvio Milazzo (1903–1982), President of the Regional Government of Sicily in 1958–1960.
 * Giuseppe Mascara (1979–), football player, born here in 1979. During his career, he played in Serie A, Italian national team and UEFA Champions League.
 * Nicolò Longobardo (1565-1654), Jesuit, Superior General of Chinese Mission after Matteo Ricci;
 * Agesilao Greco (1866-1963), fencer, theorician of the said sport.
 * Paolo Ciulla (1867-1931), currency forger.
 * Giuseppe Marcinò (1589-1655), priest, Capuchins leader and Venerable by the Catholic Church.

Sister cities
Caltagirone, during the latest decades, built some partnerships and sisterhoods with certain cities around the world, for cultural, social and historical reasons and purposes. Currently, the town has the following ones:
 * 🇲🇹 Mdina, Malta
 * 🇺🇸 San Francisco, USA (California)
 * 🇩🇪 Arnsberg, Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)
 * Bethlehem, Palestine
 * 🇬🇷 Kallikrateia, Greece
 * 🇮🇹 Abbadia Larana, Italy (Lombardy)

title: Caltagirone


text:
User talk:DelftUser

Re: Welcome Message
Hi again DelftUser... I posted the welcome message because as of yesterday no one else had done so and you have not yet received any messages on your talk page. Please don't take it as anything but what it is, a hello greeting to you from me. Enjoy Wikipedia and I hope to see you around! Gblaz 20:11, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

Bridge of the Americas / Panama Canal.
Hi,

As you'll notice if you scroll through that list of Panama Canal articles, I've put a huge amount of work into getting the entire Panama Canal series up to a better standard. Making them all look consistent is an ongoing part of this.

As it stands right now, I don't think Bridge of the Americas looks terribly good, because the picture and nav box jammed together at the top take up most of the page. One of them should move down, and if you go to the Talk:Panama Canal page you'll see that I'm open as to which one. But I think the decision should be made across all the Panama Canal articles, not just BofAs.

So, since the the Talk:Panama Canal page is the best place to discuss this (see "Layout"), I'd be grateful if you'd go there and give me your views.

Cheers... Johantheghost 21:40, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

MIA
Are you working on the MIA-projekt too ? If yes, I just want you to know that the works in german language are have a copyright until 70 years after death of the author, but I don't what that means for your english website. -- 141.30.81.154 12:32, 19 December 2005 (UTC) aka de:Amtiss

 * I am not involved with the MIA, I only started the article about it in the english Wikipedia. Does the German law state that published works can have copyright until 70 years after death of the author? I think the volunteers of the MIA check all copyright before they put it on the archive, so everything could be distributed leaglly. --130.161.31.21 19:33, 19. Dez 2005 (CET) ( en:DelftUser)

 * I just saw that there are german texts from Leon Trotzky, and he isn't dead since 70 years, but as I said, I don't know if they have to bother about german copyright, as their server is in the USA.
 * By the way I wrote you, because I was to lazy to write an email to them, so maybe you can send them this talk. -- 141.30.66.137 22:19, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Tanjung Gemuk
Well done on the rescue work for this article. Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  21:41, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Panama Canal
Hi, I thought you might be interested to know that I've put Panama Canal up for FA status. Feel free to comment or vote. — Johantheghost 16:38, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yay! Thanks for your contributions and support! — Johan the Ghost seance 20:30, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yup, the day after tomorrow's the big day! All hands on deck — prepare to repel vandals! ;-) — Johan the Ghost seance 12:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC) don't know what day it is...;-)

Connor Anderson
Thanks for catching that, I would have never noticed. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 20:31, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/The second dimension
I refer to the above AFD discussion, where you voted speedy delete. You may not be aware of the criteria for speedy deletion and I believe that this may not be a valid vote here. I would appreciate if you could clarify which criterion you feel the site meets, and/or tag The second dimension with the relevant db tag. Stifle 11:35, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Sock
I bet you that Epic Fantasy etc _is_ a sock puppet, the brilliant thing about them, is that they always deny in the first place  :)   heheh.  A good checkuser would be worth the effort I would say! SatuSuro 05:14, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Re: coat of arms
I use only Paint and pictures of Blazon Project of Wikipédia FR. For 3D effect, I use Blender. Odejea 23:18, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Mijn nier is uw nier
Ik ben voor altijd dankbaar voor uw bericht, DelftUser. Als u een nier nodig hebt, u kunt mijn hebben. Ik ben een bastaardzoon van Koningin Beatrix (Ons geheim). :) --Caponer 04:22, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey, I hope my bad Dutch and humor didn't offend you! I very much appreciated your message, so I will now leave you two. --Caponer 02:57, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

ME
I just read your comments on the VFD Uncyclopedia page. You are a self-righeous jackass, just thought I should let you know. Stop waving your "1000 edits" around like its a 12 inch cock, and overall just get over yourself. —This unsigned comment was added by 24.7.106.155 (talk • contribs).

 * See Articles for deletion/Uncyclopedia for background information. --DelftUser 17:48, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I guess I should have cited WP:DICK. The page you referenced was exactly what I was referring to.  Even if you had a point (which I don't think you did), your manner of dealing with others and their opinions struck me as extremely immature. Not that I wasn't being immature writing this on your talk page, but that's another story. 24.7.106.155 01:00, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

LoCascio
... —Preceding unsigned comment added by M.B (talk • contribs)

Le baron
He finally left a message on someone's talk page the other day, User talk:Necrothesp, and sounds more clueless than malicious about the use of honorific styles. (For that matter, it's not entirely clear to me when we should use military ranks; my interpretation of the guidelines was that they shouldn't be used at all, like professional titles, etc., but Necrothesp says that certain people should de facto get them. He's done rather more work in the British military area than I have, so I'm inclined to trust his judgement.) I'm still willing to assume good faith for Le baron, who's also done some good work adding postnominals as he goes. I'm a little pressed for time right now, but I'm going to look through the archives for some of the debates on honorifics when I get a chance and share them with him, to try to make it clear that it took some work to reach this compromise, and it really isn't acceptable to breach it. Choess 18:41, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
Thanks for the contribution to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb. Could you also please provide sources? Thanks! --Striver 20:27, 3 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No, sorry, i dont :/ --Striver 18:59, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedians/Cartographers
thanks! Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 15:01, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Roger II of Sicily
Delft, after some work, I am nearing completion on the map for the Roger II of Sicily article. I ended up doing quite a bit of copyediting there as well, to try to make it flow a bit more smoothly -- I think a lot of the Encyclopedia Brit 1911 was still in the article. And a map should help readers understand the unfamiliar places (unfamiliar to most of them at least).

But I'm a bit curious as to how it ended it that you requested a map. I had thought you were something of an "owner" of the article, but I see you aren't. Your decision to request a map was right on target, but I'm puzzled at how you arrived at your decision. Mappily yours, MapMaster 18:59, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Delft, I have finally completed this map. While I did not explicitly mention Roger II on the map, I created the map to show the political situation at the start of Roger's reign in 1112 AD as well as, to some extent, at his death in 1154 AD.  I also found a number of other articles where the map was useful.  I was also able to use the same colours as I had for my map of Italy in 1000 AD.  Thanks for the opportunity, MapMaster 15:08, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Nile River
You expressed an interest awhile ago in Nile river maps - they have now been made, although not by me - check out Image:Nile_watershed_plain.png and Image:Nile_watershed_topo.png. Kmusser 14:35, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks! --DelftUser 12:23, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Noah and Endorheic basins
Hello! I've made two more quick maps: Image:Arabian_endorheic_basins.png and Image:Arabian_drainage.png. Note that the stream courses in the latter image may not be authoritative -- they were computed by the USGS, not measured in the field. I had trouble exporting to SVG, but if I get it to work I'll upload the file and let you know. Also let me know if you're interested in anything else! Citynoise 12:44, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot! There is no need for the SVG so don't bother yourself. --DelftUser 19:27, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Rashidi
Hi! Thanks a lot for the picture and maps you uploaded to the Rashidi article. The article looks sooooo much nicer with those maps/picture + the Arab script that Anas S. put in.

However; there is one small problem: the numbering. I don´t know if you noticed, but the numbering of the amirs went a bit gaga with the insertion of the picture. Now they go from 1-9 and then from 1-3. Do you know how it is fixed? Regards, Huldra 17:27, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, thank you for fixing the problem...but now it is back. I have no clue about what has happened (now all the amirs are the first!). Perhaps we should just number them the "manual" way; after all the numbers are fixed and will not be changed (?) Regards, Huldra 17:11, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

List of people executed by the Tudors
I have tried to recreate your list as a category. I have now run into a deletion row re similar categories for other Royal Houses. Your comments would be greatly appreciated82.36.178.185 08:38, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * There is absolutely no need of such a category! The list should stay as it is. --DelftUser 18:55, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

List of Cartographers
Thanks for removing my name from the list of Cartographers. :-) Good luck. Electionworld Talk?  18:18, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * While he isn't an original creator of maps - his main effort, the Atlas, is quite an amazing feat that he consistently works on, and in my opinion, is well deserving of being listed in an honorary fashion. Don't attempt to lecture me, DelftUser - and maybe next time YOU discuss it instead. Rarelibra 17:04, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:August Willich.gif
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:August Willich.gif, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. --IngerAlHaosului (talk) 13:15, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Writing a replacement entry for Real Bills Doctrine
Hi! Andronico here!

As we have both noted, the page for the Real bills doctrine is pretty abysmal. The grotesque errors it still contains reflect badly on the state of economics and on the Wikipedia process. I hinted I might be interested in trying to rewrite the page from scratch. I have not created a Wikipedia page of this complexity before. I'm concerned to get it right and to avoid conflict with other editors.

I started putting in a few ideas here. I don't know whether you would be prepared to help me with the process of developing this and with a view to replacing the existing RBD page? I know other users had indicated their intention to sort out the page at various points in the past, including User:Stirling_Newberry and User:Dtellett, but the basic problems remain.

I hope I won't need a lot of help actually writing the page (I have a Ph.D. and 20 years in business, finance and economics). But the topic can lead to heated debate, particularly as it conflicts with contemporary teaching. So I may need support and backing during the process. If you have time, could you email me (rbdpage (at) adrianwrigley.com)? Thanks! Andronico (talk) 13:33, 20 April 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:DelftUser


text:
Hans Henrik Reusch

Hans Henrik Reusch (5 September 1852 – 27 October 1922) was a Norwegian geologist, geomorphologist and educator. He served as director of the Geological Survey of Norway.

Biography
Born in Bergen, he was educated at the University of Leipzig and Heidelberg University. He graduated Ph.D. at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo) in 1883. He was married to the painter Helga Marie Ring Reusch He joined the Geological Survey of Norway in 1875, and was its Director from 1888 to 1921. He was a Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at Harvard University (1897–98).

He is distinguished for his research on the crystalline schists and the Palaeozoic rocks of Norway. He discovered Silurian fossils in the highly altered rocks of the Bergen region; and in 1891 he called attention to the so-called "Reusch's Moraine" a Precambrian conglomerate of glacial origin in the Varanger Fjord, a view confirmed by A. Strahan in 1896, who found glacial striations on the rocks beneath the ancient boulder-bed. Reusch has likewise thrown light on the later geological periods, on the Pleistocene glacial phenomena and on the sculpturing of the scenery of Norway.

In 1877 Reusch founded a popular science magazine, Naturen. He edited it for the first four years. Among his separate publications were Silurfossiler og pressede Konglomerater (1882) and Det nordlige Norges Geologi (1891). He chaired the Norwegian Geographical Society from 1898 to 1903, and from 1907 to 1909. In 1900 he was among the founders of the Norwegian association of book artwork (Foreningen for norsk bokkunst). In 1907, his honorary doctorate was awarded at Oxford University. In 1922, he served as the first chairman of the Norwegian Association of Bibliophiles (Bibliofiklubben).

Reusch died at Hvalstad Station while attempting to enter a train. At the time of his death, his large private library of books encompassed 12 000 volumes. He is commemorated by the Reusch Medal, awarded by the Norwegian Geological Society. Reusch Glacier in Antarctica, Reuschhalvøya and Reuschfjellet on Svalbard were also named in his honor.

title: Hans Henrik Reusch


text:
Gilgamesh Night

Gilgamesh Night (ギルガメッシュないと / ギルガメッシュ・ナイト) was a softcore porn Japanese variety TV show broadcast from October 1991 to March 1998. Airing early Sunday mornings at 1:15 a.m. JST on TV Tokyo, the hour-long show helped launch the career of one of its late hosts, Ai Iijima, who afterwards moved into a more mainstream career.

Description
Gilgamesh was a long-running example of the late-night sexy programming popular on Japanese television.

The show was in the format of a variety show. Segments included "Yashoku Banzai", a cooking corner with Yuuki Hitomi wearing just an apron; shiatsu with Jeff Furukawa; "Bathtub Cinema", in which a nude young woman in a bathtub reviewed a current film; and "No-Panty Pub Report", in which the television crew would visit a Tokyo bar featuring waitresses without undergarments.

Cast

 * Reiko Hayama
 * Yuki Hitomi
 * Fumie Hosokawa
 * Ai Iijima
 * Asami Jō
 * Anna Kazuki
 * Rina Kitahara
 * Akira Kiuchi
 * Sena Matsuda
 * Kei Mizutani
 * Shoot Ogawa (1997)
 * Kaori Ōhara
 * Ijiri Okada
 * Tamao Sato
 * Masaya Yamazaki
 * Nami Yasumuro

title: Gilgamesh Night


text:
Triceps surae muscle

The triceps surae consists of two muscles located at the calf – the two-headed gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the posterior leg, commonly known as the calf muscle.

Structure
The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has three heads deriving from the two major masses of muscle.

The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2.
 * The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off two heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee.
 * The deep (profundus) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia.

Function
Contraction of the triceps surae induce plantar flexion (sagittal plane) and stabilization of the ankle complex in the transverse plane. Functional activities include primarily movement in the sagittal plane, stabilization during locomotion (walking, running), restraining the body from falling and power jumping. By controlling the disequilibrium torque, the triceps surae can affect force through the exchange of potential into kinetic energy.

Calf strain (torn calf muscle)
A calf strain refers to damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons. A premature return before recovery is achieved will result in a prolonged recovery or incomplete return to baseline prior to injury. Stretches such as alternating calf raises can improve flexibility as well as mobilize legs before running.

Calf muscles are a common place for fasciculations.

Etymology and pronunciation
The term is pronounced. It is from Latin caput and sura meaning "three-headed [muscle] of the calf".

title: Triceps surae muscle


text:
Talk:Sampaloc, Manila

where are the boundaries of east sampaloc and west sampaloc

Cleaned this up a little. It sounded like an advert for the Windsor Inn. Besides that, the area can't be lively and middle class in one sentence and plebeian in the next. Plus there were a lot of subjective, unsourced claims (best this, most famous that). Thinginblack 20:02, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

For the other Manila districts, I've been adding tables showing the barangays and their population; however for Sampaloc, there were so many barangays I thought a table like this would take up way too much space. I'm not sure, though, whether the information is notable enough for me to create a separate article for a List of barangays in Sampaloc, Manila. Someone the Person (talk) 15:49, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sampaloc, Manila


text:
Luana Patten

Luana Patten (July 6, 1938 – May 1, 1996) was an American actress who appeared in films produced by Walt Disney Pictures, such as Song of the South (1946), Fun and Fancy Free (1947), and Melody Time (1948). Later in life, she played roles in television.

Early years
Patten attended Burbank High School and Hollywood Professional School.

Career
At the age of three she was a model and later was hired by Walt Disney. Patten made her first film appearance in the 1946 musical Song of the South with Bobby Driscoll. They also appeared together in Song of the South's sister film So Dear to My Heart.

In 1947, she appeared again with Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy, and Mortimer Snerd during the live action scenes in Fun and Fancy Free. She appeared with Bobby Driscoll in the Pecos Bill segment of Disney's Melody Time. When she grew up, she played Jody Weaver in Joe Dakota and Priscilla Lapham in Disney's 1957 Johnny Tremain. In 1958, Patten portrayed Elizabeth Buckley in the episode "Twelve Guns" of NBC's Cimarron City western television series. She and John Smith married on June 4, 1960, and divorced on December 4, 1964.

In 1959, she played Abbie Fenton in the episode "Call Your Shot" of Wanted: Dead or Alive, starring Steve McQueen. In that same year, she played Betty in "The Exploding Book", season 7, episode 21 of "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet" that aired on March 4, 1959; and she played Ruth in "The Ruth Marshall Story" season 3, episode 13 of Wagon Train that aired on December 30, 1959. She also appeared as Natalie Garner in "The Hunter Malloy Story" season 2, episode 16 of Wagon Train that aired on January 21, 1959. In the 1960 Season 2, Episode 13 of Rawhide "Incident Of The Druid Curse", she played a dual role of sisters Maeve and Mona Lismore. In 1960, she played Libby Halstead in Vincente Minnelli's Home from the Hill. In 1966, she played saloon girl Lorna Medford in the episode "Credit for a Kill" of Bonanza. In 1966, she had a small part as Nora White, the new bride of Whitey in Follow Me, Boys!. She also appeared in A Thunder of Drums, and the Rawhide episode "Incident of the Druid Curse" on CBS. That year she also appeared on Perry Mason as defendant Cynthia Perkins in "The Case of the Scarlet Scandal". She also played Mindy McGurney in the television series F Troop, as the daughter of a candidate for mayor, season 2, episode 8, "The Ballot of Corporal Agarn" that aired on October 27, 1966. She appeared as various characters in three episodes of Dragnet between 1967 and 1970. She appeared in the Adam-12 "Log 94: Vengeance" that aired March 7, 1970. She then retired from the film and television industry except for a brief cameo in the 1988 film Grotesque.

Death
Patten died in 1996 from respiratory failure at Long Beach Memorial Hospital, aged 57. She is interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Long Beach, California.

title: Luana Patten


text:
1950s in Hong Kong

The 1950s in Hong Kong began against the chaotic backdrop of the resumption of British sovereignty after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong ended in 1945, and the renewal of the Nationalist-Communist Civil War in mainland China. It prompted a large influx of refugees from the mainland, causing a huge population surge: from 1945 to 1951, the population grew from 600,000 to 2.1 million. The government struggled to accommodate these immigrants. Unrest in China also prompted businesses to relocate their assets and capital from Shanghai to Hong Kong. Together with the cheap labour of the immigrants, the seeds of Hong Kong's economic miracle in the second half of the 20th century were sown.

Background
As the Communists drew near to a victory in early 1949, there were fears that Hong Kong was going to be invaded by the Communists. The British Government was determined to keep Hong Kong as a capitalist outpost within a communist sphere of influence, though the memories of the Berlin Blockade and the perceived antagonism of communist governments was still fresh in their mind. The garrison was reinforced and plans of emergency evacuation to Australia were made. However, the People's Liberation Army were ordered to stop advancing at the border and Hong Kong remained a British colony.

Hong Kong was a valuable trade centre at the mouth of China and hoped that by retaining this connection doing business with the new government in Peking would be easier. To give up Hong Kong to the Communists without a fight would be seen as a national weakness in the face of the growing communist threat in Europe and Asia, especially the Emergency in Malaya. Debates did take place during the 1950s at the British Parliament in Westminster in which it was discussed that Hong Kong would have to be handed back to China if the colony's entrepôt trade could not be maintained. The people were outraged at any suggestion of this, so the Government of Hong Kong became committed to turning Hong Kong into a manufacturing centre.

Population
The 1950s began with a large number of impoverished people without jobs and natural resources. The problem was further compounded with a flood of refugees from mainland China who were able to cross due to the lack of border controls until June 1951. The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 under a reorganised Communist Party.

As many as 100,000 people fled to Hong Kong each month under the new regime, many of whom were rich farmers and capitalists who brought with them management experience, though even more were criminals who established the influential triad society in Hong Kong. By the mid-1950s, Hong Kong had increased its population to a staggering 2.2 million. By 1956, Hong Kong's population density became one of the highest in the world.

Housing
In 1953, the Shek Kip Mei Fire left 53,000 homeless. This prompted major change: Sir Alexander Grantham, the 22nd Governor of Hong Kong, drew up an emergency housing programme that introduced the 'multi-storey building' as a common building form. His structures were capable of housing 2,500 people in a fire/flood-proof structure. The idea was to house as many and as fast as possible to deal with the homeless shelter crisis. Every floor in the building had a communal room, washroom, and toilet facility. Each person was granted 24 square feet (2.2 m2) per adult and half that for each child under 12. High rise buildings would become the norm, as skyscrapers have a small footprint compared to their overall volume.

Lifestyle
At the end of the Japanese occupation, the Government of Hong Kong held a monopoly on the purchase and distribution of food and raw materials including rice and cotton yarn. Price controls by the Government were not eliminated until 1953. The period can best be summarised by low resources and an endless increase in population. Many mainlanders would cross the border to Hong Kong and establish illegal huts on rooftops and edge of mountains. The integration of different groups from China and original tenants of Hong Kong would also create a society in which everyone had to wrestle with the overwhelming number of language dialects.

Education
Those who were born in Hong Kong were provided with education and housing by the government. The first group of refugees were only granted temporary asylums since the government believed they would return to the mainland. An estimated 9% of the government's expense were spent on education and health care. The curriculum made it crucial that students did not feel associated with Hong Kong or China in any national sense. It emphasised that they were the middleman for the Sino-British trade relationships.

An internal government paper in the period indicated about 34 schools in the urban area were actually classified as controlled by the Communists, including 24 in the New Territories. Another 32 schools had leftist presences such as staff and teachers. A new ordinance was passed in 1952 to allow any director of education to shut down a school believed to be controlled by political indoctrination. The refugees mostly sought their education and social services from Christian churches. Actions were taken at the Heung Tao Middle School and Nanfang College.

Entertainment
One of the main forms of entertainment in the 1950s was Cantonese Opera. Shaw Brothers Studio would also produce some of the first groups of martial art films. Their notable sword fighting style would be emulated on many movies and TV dramas for years to come.

Law and order
The Hong Kong 1956 riots was one of the first full-scale riots in the territory. It awoke the Government to the dangers of low wages, long working hours, and overcrowded conditions. Tighter law control would diminish the triads in the period. Most of the social problems in the 1950s dealt with Nationalist and Communist factions on Hong Kong soil. The British Government in Whitehall, London, feared the Communists would promote anti-British sentiments in the colony. Thus, the Colonial Office in Whitehall encouraged the Government of Hong Kong to follow anti-Communist policies within the colony. The leading account of the 1956 riots appeared in a book by historian Rohan Price published by Routledge in 2020.

Transportation
The Hong Kong Taxi service was founded in 1947 with just a mere 329 cars. By the end of the decade in 1959, it had expanded to 851 cars. The service became more popular since it didn't require passengers to follow a particular bus route.

Industrial
In 1953, two land reclamation projects added 3000000 sqft to Hong Kong. The first project would specifically add runway space to the Kai Tak Airport. Additional reclamation would turn Kwun Tong and Tsuen Wan into industrial towns. The early industrial centres produced materials such as buttons, artificial flowers, umbrellas, textiles, enamelware, footwear and plastics.

Hospital and hospitality
The handling of the refugees required the collaboration of numerous services and programs. The British Red Cross would set up their first branch in Hong Kong on 12 July 1950 as the Hong Kong Red Cross. They started in the Lai Chi Kok Hospital and began the Patient Concern Service. Blood donation also began in 1952 with 483 people donating in the first year. A Disaster Relief service was established in 1953 mostly to deal with the Shek Kip Mei fire. The Hong Kong Tourism Association was established in 1957.

Finance
The banks at the time were not regulated by the Government. There were no central banks or monetary policies. The Governor did not want to regulate the Hong Kong Stock Exchange even though it had become a serious problem in financing the fast-growing economy at the time. Manufacturers constantly complained about the shortage of investments. Pressure was coming from within and outside Hong Kong to get the policies fixed.

title: 1950s in Hong Kong


text:
The Kybalion

The Kybalion (full title: The Kybalion: A Study of the Hermetic Philosophy of Ancient Egypt and Greece) is a book originally published in 1908 by "Three Initiates" (often identified as the New Thought pioneer William Walker Atkinson, 1862–1932) that purports to convey the teachings of Hermes Trismegistus.

While it shares with ancient and medieval Hermetic texts a number of traits such as philosophical mentalism, the concept of 'as above, so below', and the idea that everything consists of gendered polar opposites, as a whole it is more indebted to the ideas of modern occultist authors, especially those of the New Thought movement to which Atkinson belonged. A modern Hermetic tract, it has been widely influential in New Age circles since the twentieth century.

Seven Hermetic principles
A central concept in the book is that there are "seven Hermetic principles, upon which the entire Hermetic philosophy is based". These are, as literally quoted from the book:

1. The principle of mentalism

"'The All is Mind; the Universe is Mental.'"

2. The principle of correspondence

"'As above, so below; as below, so above.” [...] This principle embodies the truth that there is always a correspondence between the laws and phenomena of the various planes of being and life."

3. The principle of vibration

"'Nothing rests; everything moves; everything vibrates.'"

4. The principle of polarity

"'Everything is dual; everything has poles; everything has its pair of opposites; like and unlike are the same; opposites are identical in nature, but different in degree; extremes meet; all truths are but half-truths; all paradoxes may be reconciled.'"

5. The principle of rhythm

"'Everything flows, out and in; everything has its tides; all things rise and fall; the pendulum-swing manifests in everything; the measure of the swing to the right is the measure of the swing to the left; rhythm compensates.'"

6. The principle of cause and effect

"'Every cause has its effect; every effect has its cause; everything happens according to law; chance is but a name for law not recognized; there are many planes of causation, but nothing escapes the law.'"

7. The principle of gender

"'Gender is in everything; everything has its masculine and feminine principles; gender manifests on all planes.'"

Relation to ancient and medieval Hermetica
According to occult writer Mitch Horowitz, the philosophical mentalism (the primacy of mind as the active cause of things) described by the Kybalion first principle was inspired by broadly similar notions in the ancient Greek Hermetica.

Nicholas E. Chapel notes that while several aspects such as the philosophical mentalism, the concept of "as above, so below" as derived from the Emerald Tablet, and the idea that everything exists as pairs of gendered polar opposites, do have a background in ancient and medieval Hermetic texts, other aspects such as the principle of vibration (which originates in the philosophy of David Hartley, 1705–1757) are not related to Hermeticism.

Chapel also points out that there are a number of stark contrasts between the Kybalion and the traditional Hermetica, such as the Kybalion anti-theological stance versus the heavy emphasis on theology in the Hermetica, or the Kybalion focus on the practitioner's "mental transmutation" versus the traditional Hermetica preoccupation with reverence for and unification with the divine. Chapel concludes that as a whole, the Kybalion is too bound up with early 20th-century ideas emanating from the New Thought movement to be representative of the broader historical tradition of Hermetic philosophy.

title: The Kybalion


text: Category:The War of the Worlds

title: Category:The War of the Worlds


text:
Talk:Hillclimbing (railway)

Any details of what normal gradients could be expected in modern railways?

 * I think about 1% grade (1 unit of vertical difference per 100 units of horizontal distance) would be considered in the "normal" range. 2% would already be pretty steep, although there are railways that are much steeper (such as Flåmsbana in Norway with about 5% grade, without rack).

 * Passenger-only railroads could easily be steeper than those served by freight trains, since the vehicles are usually lighter.--CodeGeneratR 23:48, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Stiffen?
Hi :) The use of the word 'stiffen' to describe an increase in gradient seems a bit colloquial to my (non-railway expert) ears. Would it be perhaps better to use the word "steepen" i.e. to increase in steepness? Thanks, Oliver —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Redruth & Chasewater at Portreath
The Redruth & Chasewater didn't go to Portreath, it went to the south coast at Devoran.

Portreath, like many, sits in a steep valley?? Like many ports it sits at sea level.Afterbrunel (talk) 20:45, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Unexplanatory explanation
This specific page looks like written only for those who already know about the thing which not only defeats the purpose of but its actually the opposite of a Encyclopedia. I can also tell by the other sections on the talks that that issue has prevailed since this page’s conception…

AstralChojin (talk) 09:38, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hillclimbing (railway)


text:
Talk:Finance charge

Unclear description
I still don't understand what a finance charge is, based on this article. It needs to be a little more clear.

title: Talk:Finance charge


text:
Talk:AAdvantage

Untitled
AA's page says it was launched in 1981...? - Marsian / talk 15:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

cost
is it free? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.146.78.196 (talk) 01:37, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

Merging to American Airlines
I believe this page shall be merged with the American Airlines page, as almost every US carrier has their frequent flyer program in the airlines page itself. Just list the essential details, with AAdvantage airline and car rental partners as shown in Northwest Airlines and Continental Airlines.--Golich17 21:54, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

What's not mentioned -- and I think it's true -- is that I believe American Airlines was the first to team with another company to share info electronically to create a competitive advantage for both.

This was a collaboration between American and CitiBank MasterCard credit cards. Use your City AAdvantage MasterCard and get an AAdvantage mile for each dollar spent. Both companies benefited by gaining loyalty. And this might have been a first.

Other outfits quickly caught on. My Shell gasoline charge card was automatically cancelled and I got a free Chase Shell MasterCard. I recall I got a three-cent discount on each Shell gallon of gas purchased with the card.

And then they all got into it, including Visa and American Express. — Preceding unsigned comment added by George Sickler (talk • contribs) 20:36, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:AAdvantage