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Werther's Original

Werther's Original (from the original German: Werther's Echte) is a brand of caramel candy owned by the German company August Storck, based in Berlin, Germany. The candy is popular in Europe and North America.

History
The sweet brand is named after the town of Werther in Westphalia, where the company was founded in 1903. In 1969, the sweet began marketing under the brand name Werthers Echte. The brand name Werther's Original was adopted in the 1990s for the international market. They are now manufactured nearby, in the town of Halle.

Product
The original Werthers Echte was a caramel hard candy.

Later variants included chewy toffees, and a soft, waxy form which melts easily inside the mouth called "butterscotch-melts." A variant with chocolate filling is also available, as well as three sugarless variants that use isomalt as a sugar substitute: the original butterscotch flavour, a butterscotch coffee swirl, and a butterscotch mint swirl.

A product available in the United Kingdom is "Werther's Chocolate," a dark and milk chocolate with butterscotch running through it, sold in the same packaging and wrappers as Werther's Originals. A variant available in Canada and the United States, "Butterscotch Apple Filled," has a green-apple-flavored filling.

Commercials
Well-known TV advertisements in Germany and the United Kingdom from the late 1980s featured an older man offering Werther's butterscotch to a boy. The actor Arnold Peters appeared in them. In the United States commercials, TV actor Robert Rockwell played the kind-hearted grandfather. One of these ads was dubbed into Japanese and aired in Japan in the early 2000s. Its off-putting voice acting led to it becoming an Internet meme in Japan on sites such as 2channel and Nico Nico Douga. One British advertisement consisted of a montage of the grandfather and grandson bonding together (for example, pointing at animals out of train windows). The lyrics of the song which accompanied this ended: "When one who loves you says to you: You're someone very special too."

title: Werther's Original


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BBC Radio 4 History

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Francs2000 | Talk 02:27, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

BBC Radio 4 History
Not an encyclopædia entry, just points to a website (it's supposed to be about radio programmes). Orphaned. Not worth merging IMO, there's more info already on BBC Radio 4 and its list of programming. Joe D (t) 21:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC) Merge into BBC Radio 4 - The Time Killer
 * Delete. Unnecessary. Flowerparty 23:56, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete content duplication. JamesBurns 08:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Brief article about a very useful resource. If it's orphaned, this can be remedied by linking to it. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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List of storms named Rebecca

The name Rebecca, or the alternate spelling of the name, Rebekah, has been used for three tropical cyclones and one subtropical cyclone worldwide.

In the Atlantic Ocean:
 * Subtropical Storm Rebekah (2019) – a short-lived storm that formed over the far northern Atlantic and passed just north of the Azores.

In the Eastern Pacific Ocean:
 * Tropical Storm Rebecca (1961)
 * Hurricane Rebecca (1968)

In the Australian region:
 * Cyclone Rebecca (1985) – made landfall in Queensland as a Category 1 storm

title: List of storms named Rebecca


text:
Talk:The Hakkenden

Untitled
Damn Neilworms, this is a stubass entry. You could at least have mentioned the novel... But hey, I'd been putting of starting this article. --zippedmartin 21:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok, Crotchviolence to the rescue. I'll be working on expanding this badboy slowly but surely through next week.  Keep this page on your watchlist and wish me luck.
 * -Crotchviolence 02:49, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Go for it. Some presents, to help you: AIC bits 1 2 3, Ep credits 1 2, Random English fansites 1 2, Book 1. --zippedmartin 04:51, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

This is the best I can do for now, but unfortunately, I won't be able to update in the next few days as I've got a busy weekend ahead of me. I'm still planning out a lot of stuff for the article, but feel free to add anything or fix stuff up. The character descriptions, as they are, are a complete nightmare of jumbled grammar. -Crotchviolence 10:23, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi I think the character for knowledge (intelligence) or chi is supposed to be 智 instead of 知 --155.198.72.61 18:01, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * 's another trad vs. simplified issue, I think. Book would certainly use 智, anime might use 知, I dunno. --zippedmartin 03:33, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Hakkenden


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Talk:Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphs

big dictionary of all mi'kmaq logographs?
Is there one big book or website that has all the known mi'kmaq logographs conveniently sorted by english (or french or whatever)? I want to look up various words and see how they are rendered in the old mi'kmaq script.--142.108.107.36 22:08, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Edit-warring
There is currently a dispute on whether or not to include a link to a certain site on the article. Please, if there is disagreement, please discuss things at the talkpage, don't just battle it out in edit summaries. Thanks, --Elonka 18:14, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I quite agree. I also did not think it was appropriate to blank the Fell section. That's POV. I reject the Fell "hypothesis" of course, but it's a fact. I'm on holiday in Brittany at the moment and my copy of Fell is at home, so I can't check. But deleting the link to the website, and blanking the whole Fell section are certainly not the right way to do things here. -- Evertype·✆ 07:49, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

I usually side with SA, but not this time. I had a nasty fight with this article trying to show that Fell is garbage, with someone who was apparently Mi'kmaq, and I think it's good that we have a section to debunk it. The obscurity of this script means that a lot of people that come here will have learned about it through Fell, and I think we do need to show them where he stands. kwami (talk) 08:07, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Please stick to "debunkings" that have been reliably sourced somewhere. If these "debunkings" are published for the first time anywhere on wikipedia, isn't that the definition of OR? ፈቃደ (ውይይት) 17:36, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
 * One does not need an "external debunking" to "prove" that the heart-and-lungs meaning 'good' does not mean 'truth'. It simply doesn't. It is not a question of "original research". We have, however, linked to other Wiki pages about it. I will check my original Fell books when I get home regarding the section and try to improve its external references. -- Evertype·✆ 08:42, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * But ውይይት is right, if it's made up for Wikipedia, it's OR. It's not so much proving that 'good' doesn't mean 'truth', it's the conclusions we draw from that. The reason it seems suspicious to me is that it's too good a match: after several millennia, I'd expect the meanings (and the graphic forms) to diverge more than that, so I'd draw the same conclusion from the opposite reasoning. If we can't debunk Fell without our own analysis of the data, then maybe it would be better to remove the section completely. kwami (talk) 08:55, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Please don't indulge in Wiki-fetishism... The rules are not there to make it difficult for us to contribute to articles articles in a meaningful and useful way. I see nothing in the article that is objectionable, and I would strongly object to summary deletion. -- Evertype·✆ 22:21, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
 * My point is that "good"-"truth" is actually a very good semantic match, so to say Fell is wrong because they don't match is disingenuous. That's one of the problems with OR. kwami (talk) 00:35, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I cannot agree. (1) Fell (or this source) doesn't show the Egyptian heart-and-lungs accurately. (2)  nfr with phonetic complements   may mean 'good' but   nfrw (a plural) means 'beauty'. With other determinatives the character is used to mean 'the Crown of Upper Egypt, Neferḥotep', 'zero' (nfr pw 'not', 'there is not'); nfrt 'cattle', nfrw 'young men', nfrt 'fair women'. Fell's evident suggestion that it means 'truth' is simply inaccurate as 'truth' which is written m3't with   . So compounded with that error, I don' t think  'holy' is a "very good semantic match". Particularly as the Míkmaq character is far more likely to have been derived from the Christian orb of the earth surmounted by the cross than the Egyptian heart-and-lungs. Moreover the same problems are (easily!) found with all four of these examples. I don't think there's any disingenuity here. -- Evertype·✆ 07:48, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I kind of agree that the Fell hypothesis deserves to stay, as a search on the Mi'kmaq writing system seems invariably tied to Fell and his Egyptian hypothesis. This website gives a nice and detailed explanation about the whole theory and history. And although I'm not suggesting that the theory is truth, it is also briefly mentioned on Mi'kmaq websites as well, such as this one. So if references could be improved, there should be no reason to keep arguing the section's notability. - Io Katai (talk) 16:28, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Fell
I have before me "parallel versions" of part of Psalm 116 in Fell's America B.C.. The brashness of Fell's fiction is truly staggering. The text is actually from Psalm 113:11-14 "In exitu Israël" (though the numbering of psalms may differ between the Vulgate and other versions) and Fell doesn't even draw the Míkmaq correctly. Then below that he gives a set of Egyptian hieroglyphs; evidently he would have us believe that the syntax of Míkmaq and Egyptian are the same as well. In the New American Bible the citation is Psalm 115:3-6. Fell also gives two tables of one to one "correspondences"; "goodness" is not there. I am not really sure how to present this material. A proper debunking (including line by line criticism of his Egyptian in the psalm at least) would probably constitute original research. Discussion? -- Evertype·✆ 08:28, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree he is both sufficiently notable to include and needs debunking. I'm not sure how to go about it, though. kwami (talk) 10:05, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It is a question of a claim about translation. If someone published a theory saying that La plume de ma tante est sur le bureau de mon oncle was equivalent to यच्छापि सार्वभूतानां बीजां तदहं, would it be "original research" for a Wikipedian to demonstrate why this theory was false? -- Evertype·✆ 17:13, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It's OR to interpret the relevance of the difference. No problem if the translation is completely off. But if it's a matter of how accurately the glyphs are drawn and whether the semantics are really close enough, then that's rather like us debunking Nostratic or some such based on our expectations of what such a relationship should look like. We could have a near-perfect match and it still wouldn't mean much (as in rongorongo & Indus), but if you say a match is close enough and I say it isn't, how do we decide? kwami (talk) 20:05, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * There is no match of any kind. Fell altered the data to make his theory sound plausible. The false equivalence of the French and Sanskrit I give above is not a matter of "interpretation". It's a matter of fact. Not judgement. बीजां bījaṁ does not mean 'bureau'. It means 'jewel'. Perhaps my analogy was poor. Fell's "equivalent" lines of Míkmaq and Egyptian are not falsely equivalent because I argue that they are. They simply are not equivalent, and this can be demonstrated. ANYONE who knows anything about Míkmaq and Egyptian would know this at once. Since (let us say) you do not, I could show you. Would this be "research"? No... it would be demonstration. -- Evertype·✆ 21:11, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Hey, I'm not going to revert anything you add to this, because I know you're right, and I've added similar things to other articles. But I don't agree with your argument. Regardless of phonetic complements, can mean 'good' (reduplicating it, after all, makes the root nfr plural, demonstrating that the root nfr is associated with this glyph and not just the phonetic complements). The fact that a glyph or root can have other derived meanings is irrelevant; the core meaning is 'good'. Yes, Fell's drawings are sloppy, but the graphic match between Micmac 'holy' (assuming that it's drawn accurately) and a correctly drawn  is decent, as is the semantic match between 'good' and 'holy'. We therefore have a reasonable semantic and graphic match, especially considering the separation of space and time. Now if we had a hundred such examples I'd think the proposal looked pretty good. The problem for me is that a look-alike or three can easily be coincidence, just as English much and Spanish mucho are coincidence, or Latin ta and kana た are coincidence, and also that other etymologies are plausible, given the missionary influence on the script and the graphic similarity between Micmac 'holy' and Christian symbolism. I'd argue that we have a good match, but that it's insufficient; you argue that we don't have a match at all. This isn't fact vs. fiction, it's a difference in opinion on how to interpret the evidence. It's OR. kwami (talk) 22:06, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It's a heart-and-lungs, not the Christian orb-and-cross. This isn't research. It's just what is. Anyway the image we have is not actually Fell's drawing, and I will do what I can (I am very busy at the moment) to upload something better. -- Evertype·✆ 12:07, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Just wondering -- if a fringe view like this hasn't been debunked, is it really significant? Doug Weller (talk) 22:27, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Granted, rational sources such as Cape Breton University make no mention of him, and I'd rather not give him any more publicity, but Fell has had reasonable exposure, and Micmac writing is so obscure that a large number who've heard of it have heard of it through Fell. Rather than debunking him here, though, maybe we could have a link to the Fell article and debunk him there? kwami (talk) 23:22, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Debunk him how? Source? Doug Weller (talk) 11:33, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Type of script. Move?
More important than this debate over Fell is the script itself. Is it pictographic or logographic? The article contradicts itself. They also aren't 'hieroglyphs', so we should move the article. Where we move it will probably depend on what kind of writing it is. kwami (talk) 23:25, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

Found this unsourced comment:
 * On a careful examination of the hieroglyphs, so called, it seems evident that on the original substratum of Micmac designs or symbols, each of which represented mnemonically a whole sentence or verse, a large number of arbitrary designs have been added to express ideas and words which were not American, and devices were incorporated with them intended to represent the pecularities of the Micmac grammar as understood by Kauder. The explanation of these additions has never been made known. Kauder died without having left any record or explanation of the plan by which he attempted to convert the mnemonic characters invented by the Indians into what may be considered an exposition of organized words (not sounds) in grammatical form. *) Another source quotes that about 5701 characters were used in printing above book and that the stencils of the Micmac script are still existent (this was in 1880 !)

kwami (talk) 23:41, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't see any reason to move away from "Hieroglyphs". That's the common name for them. -- Evertype·✆ 23:56, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

 * For the same reason we renamed "Maya hieroglyphs": They're not hieroglyphs. What about the nature of the script? kwami (talk) 00:03, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Did you? On what grounds? What do you thing "hieroglyphs" are? In any case Míkmaq hieroglyphs are called that in a primary source published in English and in French in 1921, and then again in 1995 a major work Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic prayers was published. I would oppose a move on the basis of theory on the word "hieroglyph". -- Evertype·✆ 00:24, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * There was a long discussion on that talk page.

 * I take it you don't know what type of script we're dealing with here? kwami (talk) 00:41, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Better question, what constitutes something to be Hieroglyphs? The article itself gives no real definition asides something 'partly logographic', whereas the term 'logographic' is also known to incorporate ideograms. Although the Mi'kmaq writing does not phonetically represent parts of speach, it does represent (in entirety or not) both abstract and concrete ideas. The question should rather be, is Mi'kmaq, along with the little known Ojibwe Hieroglyphs, a full writing system or purely a mnemonic device? (The article Wiigwaasabak suggests complex writing or mnemonics) And whatever result, wouldn't the new title (assuming something like Mi'kmaq Script) of this article be more controversial or misleading than the current? - Io Katai (talk) 00:59, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * You mean 'script' would be misleading if it isn't true writing? Yes, I agree, but then 'hieroglyphs' is misleading for the same reason. kwami (talk) 02:54, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Long discussion on what talk page? I don't quite understand the "challenge" you make in that you "take it" that I don't know what type of script we're dealing with here. It's partly logographic with some phonetic components. It is less alphabetic than Egyptian is, but typologically it is similar to Egyptian. With phonetic components it is a bit more than mnemonic, in my view. The point is that it has always been called "hieroglyphic" and it's not really for us to be changing that. -- Evertype·✆ 08:57, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * So what's the deal, Kwami? What have you against the typological description? -- Evertype·✆ 12:20, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * 'Pictographs' is the answer. There's no 'always' about it. Kenneth Croft, reviewing The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind by David Diringer, International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Jul., 1949), used the word 'pictographs'. See  and . And while we are at it, from The Canadian Guide to English Usage.  "'The Aboriginal people formerly called Micmac now spell their name Mi'kmaw (singular; pronounced MIKMAW) and Mi'kmaq (plural; MIKMAK). The Union of Nova Scotia Indians and the Mi'kmaq Grand Council have adopted these forms and request that others follow their practice". Change the name but leave the current name (of course) as a redirect. Doug Weller (talk) 12:59, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but they are not "pictographs" and I would not consider a 1949 review of Diringer to be authoritative in this matter—certainly not more authoritative than Schmidt & Marshall's 1995 Mi'kmaq Hieroglyphic Prayers which edits, transcribes, and translates them. And the primary published sources of these call them Hieroglyphs. That does not mean they are Egyptian of course... though the fact that they were originally and chiefly used for ecclesiastical material makes "sacred writing" (ἱερογλύφος) apt enough. They're logograms. Some glyphs are used exclusively for individual words (a character which looks like  for instance is read aqq 'and'), others for a range of morphemes, and there are some phonetic components which help to disambiguate or to indicate parts of speech. -- Evertype·✆ 13:54, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The '49 review was just to show that not everyone calls them hieroglyphs. Doug Weller (talk) 14:21, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * My objection was to calling them pictographic at one point and then contradicting ourselves by calling them logographic. I've reworded the intro so that we're calling the pre-missionary script pictographic and the missionary script logographic. Please correct me if I'm wrong. kwami (talk) 19:25, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Chart in Fell section needs much clarification.
Hi, All.

The chart/table in the article's section on Barry Fell's interpretation is barely self-explanatory, if at all. There's no obvious statement of the source of the image showing the first two columns of figures, no obvious statement of whether the comparison that it contains is supposed to be right or wrong. And then we have the third column, with a similar lack of explanation.

With a bit more effort than I believe should be necessary, I can guess that the two left columns are Fell's comparison, and that the third column is supposed to be some real Egyptian writing, and that the rightmost column is first describing what the Egyptian figure (the one mentioned by Fell and also appearing in the third column) represents (but first we have to have a combination of letters and numerals that is meaningless to the uninitiated unless they follow the link), and then saying that it's used in a certain word (both transliterated and translated), and then explanation of how Fell's interpretation falls short.

I believe an increase in labeling and in complete sentences and defining parenthetic clauses would reduce the amount of time many readers need to understand the chart and would make the chart accessible to more readers.

Example:
 * F35 heart-and-windpipe; used as shown in nfr 'good'. Used three together this means 'beauty'. Does not mean 'truth'.

could become something more like
 * This Egyptian hieroglyph represents a combination of the heart and the windpipe. It is shown here as part of the Egyptian word nfr, meaning "good".

... And I realize, now, that I'm not even sure how to finish my new version, because "Used three together" is unclear. A trio of what means beauty? Three instances of nfr, or three instances of heart-and-windpipe, or what? And stating, out of the blue, that this "Does not mean 'truth'" calls only for us to guess that Barry Fell said that some use of that symbol, or of a symbol like it, meant truth; but we aren't even told whether he was saying the sign meant truth in Egyptian, in Mi'kmaq, in both, or what. President Lethe (talk) 06:48, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I am making an attempt to clarify the chart. -- Evertype·✆ 15:31, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Fell chart and Egyptian
I see this was deleted recently, but without discussion. I'd like to see some discussion before seeing it deleted. I've seen some suggestion of Original Research over the years, and seen the chart called a "rebuttal". Perhaps the text in and about the chart can be made more neutral, if it appears otherwise. -- Evertype·✆ 15:30, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * OK, I've edited the chart and the description of the Egyptian Hieroglyphs and their usage should be clearer now. I have added links to the Globus crucifer, Pentagram, and Trinity. -- Evertype·✆ 16:10, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * It still doesn't exactly seem "neutral" because the anti-Fell POV is represented loud and clear, albeit completely uncited and relying on some editor's personal expertise and observations. The pro-Fell POV, on the other hand, is cited -- but nobody who holds that POV could possibly say this is "neutral".  Typical wikipedia.  By the way, Fell discusses many other close similarities than these, if you would pick up one of his books in the public library, and not just some 1992 periodical article. 96.228.10.165 (talk) 17:34, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Our NPOV policy is clear on this - the article should make it clear that Fell's stuff is not accepted by the mainstream, and the mainstream should have more coverage. If, of course, this is at all significant, and the only reason it would be here is being covered by reliable mainstream sources. Dougweller (talk) 18:06, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds more to me like someone's arbitrary opinion being enforced here. Fell's books are easily accessible and may be found in any mainstream public library in the US.  You, without any sources, have reached a personal "determination" that they are not "mainstream" and are thus to be suppressed and / or ridiculed without sources. 96.228.10.165 (talk) 18:38, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I understand the argument, but here's a thing. Reading Egyptian isn't "original research" any more than "reading German" is. If somebody says that the Irish word árachas derives from the German word Versicherung, it isn't "original research" to say, or to show, that it is not. Basically that is what Fell did: he made claims about relationship based on superficial glyph similarity, and in the case of the "heart-and-windpipe" for instance it seems to me to be encyclopaedic to give a neutral description of the Egyptian. But that's like me knowing German and Irish. Fell's hypothesis is a fact, but just showing an example doesn't help the reader to know what's wrong with it. I like the fact that the article has a genuine msit alongside Fell's misleadingly-drawn msit. As I say, if we need to tone down the "judgement" in the description of the hieroglyphs, that is fine, but I think deleting this explanatory material would be a disservice to people interested in learning about the facts and fictions of Micmac Hieroglyphs. I have not, for my part, said that Fell's books are to be suppressed—I have not suggested that the Fell hypothesis be deleted from this article. But it is clear that his claims about Egyptian are incorrect. -- Evertype·✆ 19:10, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reasoned response. But if it was all that "clear" to me, trust me, I wouldn't be here.  Evertype, I sincerely hope you bother to get a copy of Fell's widely-published book on the subject, and read everything he says about these similarities in his own words, so you can know of what you speak.  They go far beyond those four glyphs.  That shoddy "Science Frontiers Online" website on which this article's section is based, doesn't do him justice whatsoever, nor does it represent the shapes or meanings correctly as Fell did, so it's a bit like attacking a strawman. 96.228.10.165 (talk) 19:34, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Books on UFOs, etc. can be found in every library. So? Have you read WP:NPOV and WP:FRINGE? Fell's ideas are not taken seriously except where he wrote about his own academic speciality. Dougweller (talk) 20:18, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I was addressing Evertype. His responses are not based on fallacious logic. 96.228.10.165 (talk) 20:30, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

 * It's not up to us to evaluate Fell's thesis from primary sources (his own writing). That would be OR. We use secondary sources: how has his thesis been received in reliable academic sources? The answer: it's universally panned as nonsense. We therefore state that it's nonsense, reflecting the consensus of the scholarly community. That's how an encyclopedia works. — kwami (talk) 00:39, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * If Fell makes a claim about a hieroglyph which is false, it is not OR to point that out here, any more than if any other author claims that Kuhlschrank means 'blender'. -- Evertype·✆ 09:14, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Incredible how you can write your own original rebuttal, refuse to read the actual source being rebutted, rely on a complete misrepresentation from a third-rate website as the only source of information on his thesis, basically state "this is nonsense so we can say so, and that's also neutral because we correct editors say so" and then smugly proclaim "that's how an encyclopedia works." But no matter.  Wikipedia is what it is, and most users are already well aware of that factor.  Thankfully, it's not that hard to get unbiased information on this subject elsewhere. 96.228.10.165 (talk) 01:05, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * If we're being biased, the solution is simple: Provide us with reliable sources that show we're wrong. If you're unable to do that, then of course we aren't going to pay much attention, any more than we would to someone claiming the moon is made of cheese. — kwami (talk) 01:51, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

I have, of course, got a copy of Fell's book at home. (I am not home right now.) I will have a look at its claims about Egyptian Hieroglyphs there, and (if warranted) will revise the text in this article to reflect Fell's claims. Don't hold your breath, however: since there isn't a connection between French-missionary designed Micmac Hieroglyphs and traditional Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Fell's claims very likely will not hold up. The book I have at home, by the way is America B.C.. If there is another book, do let me know which one. -- Evertype·✆ 09:12, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Evidently the primary sources containing Fell's hypothesis are:

 * Prepositions in hieroglyphic Micmac. ESOP 7 (2), No.156: 143-145.
 * The Micmac manuscripts. ESOP 7 (2), No.157: 146-150.
 * The Micmac manuscripts - 2. ESOP 7 (2), No.162: 167-181.
 * I have sourced a copy of this number of the Epigraphic Society Occasional Publications. -- Evertype·✆ 09:27, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I certainly appreciate the effort Everytype has put into the section. Unfortunately, I feel there are legitimate concerns regarding issues of undue weight and original research that need to be considered. Perhaps the material might be better dealt with in the main Barry Fell article.  Regards, ClovisPt (talk) 18:05, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

Why not discuss this at the Barry Fell article and refer to it with a brief paragraph? As far as I can see, this has zero notability and zero chance of being correct or even remotely significant, so I really don't see what this stuff is doing here. --dab (𒁳) 11:20, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I deleted all but a brief mention. Think the article looks OK without it. If not, please keep discussing. Itsmejudith (talk) 18:09, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I support the version of the article as edited by Itsmejudith. ClovisPt (talk) 20:27, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I do not support the deletion at this time, and I've reverted it. That's a lot of material, and it's being discussed. In particular it has been suggested that primary materials be looked at. I've ordered these and it will take some time to arrive. In the meantime, there's no need to rush to delete this material at this time. "Undue weight" will probably not be so relevant as the article grows, though this may take time; the writing system is complex. Over the years there have been discussions about deleting the Fell stuff entirely, but if we do somebody else will surely just return with it in time. What the discussion does (and should) do is examine the origins of at least some of the Micmac glyphs. Comparison with Egyptian already does help here (msit and nb). Dab, you're right, Fell's hypothesis isn't "significant" in terms of decipherment but it sure is "attached" to Micmac, so pretending it's not there by deleting it... well, that just won't work in the long run. Fell's article is about Fell. This article can and should examine Fell's error and point it out as neutrally as possible—it is refutation, but that doesn't mean it's Original Research. As I said before, when someone who does not know any Egyptian claims that a double flight of steps means 'exalted one' and it doesn't, it's not Original Research for someone who does know some Egyptian to point that out. Is ordinateur French for 'surveyor'? No, it isn't. -- Evertype·✆ 20:28, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * So please leave the material there for the time being. Maybe we will have consensus to delete, or modify, or something, but please let's wait till we get a chance to see the ESOP sources. After all this material has been on this page for a good while. A little more won't hurt. Having said that I have worked to improve the description of the hieroglyphs and make the text at least a bit more neutral. -- Evertype·✆ 20:31, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

I think a good argument can be made that the whole Egyptian thing is undue weight for a fringe idea. But I wouldn't want to see it deleted either. IMO it would be more appropriate in the Barry Fell article; here we could simply say that there have been some fringe ideas about links to Egyptian, link Barry Fell, and leave it at that. — kwami (talk) 21:38, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * For consistency with the way that fringe theories are treated in the encyclopedia, mention of Fell's theories should be kept to a minimum here. Some mention of Mi'kmaq "decipherment" would seem to be appropriate in the article on Fell, but it still isn't appropriate to engage in original research, and also Wikipedia is not the place to carry out debunking, however much we want to see the truth prevail. Itsmejudith (talk) 21:57, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Explaining the correct translation of a word is not "debunking". Anyway, I'm grateful for patience as we explore this. However, with regard to Fell's work, Micmac was entirely peripheral to his main focus. It would be really pointless (and not "more appropriate") to have the Micmac/Egyptian stuff on his page, in my view... it's only of interest to people interested in Micmac. With regard to Micmac... there aren't very many ideas in the world about Micmac Hieroglyphs. Fringe, perhaps, but attached. -- Evertype·✆ 22:30, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I will go with whatever Doug Weller advises on this one, and suggest others should do so too. I glanced at your userpage Evertype, and on that basis will advise that you should pursue this off-wiki and publish in an academic journal - i.e. where original research is expected rather than deprecated. Itsmejudith (talk) 22:43, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for "glancing". I guess. In any case, I can't think of any "academic journals" which would find this topic fresh enough to publish an article on Fell's hypothesis. But you've avoided the argument. Fell effectively says "these things are identical because their shapes are the same (even when they are not) and because their meanings are the same (even when they are not)." Pointing out that Fell's identification or analysis is incorrect by showing an accurate glyph and giving the actual translation is not Original Research. If Fell said that ordinateur was French for 'surveyor' it would not be Original Research to demonstrate that ordinateur in fact meant 'computer'. That would be simple literacy. The only reason it looks like "research" is that you don't know Egyptian Hieroglyphs, I warrant. "The letter 'b' is used for the sound /k/." Well, no, it isn't. And saying so is Sesame Street (one of these things is not like the others), not OR. -- Evertype·✆ 08:58, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Fell is not a reliable source for anything but his own opinions. This article is really pretty bad as it isn't discussing how they were used, why they were maintained over a period of time, the importance of the translation of the prayer book, etc. Fell should be at the most a minor gloss here, a short paragraph saying he was of such and such an opinion and then making it clear that this isn't the accepted opinion. We also should not be emphasising the word 'hieroglyphs' above 'pictographs', both are used in the literature and I'm not sure what the best title is for this article. Dougweller (talk) 11:13, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Pictographs would mean that it's not true writing. — kwami (talk) 12:11, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * It's referred to as pictographic writing in this source, other sources and our article Writing talk about pictographic writing, so I don't see a problem. Thanks for your recent edit, by the way, which I've enhanced and referenced. The 'sucker fish' in question is a river fish, not the ocean ones, by the way. Dougweller (talk) 12:57, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, it says some signs are derived from pictographs. That's different. Our writing article says that pictographs are inadequate for a full writing system. AFAIK, that's correct: there is no known pictographic writing system. Our description in this article, assuming it's accurate, speaks of phonetic components. That's not pictographic. — kwami (talk) 22:09, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok, but we should probably check about the phonetic components. I note that no page number is given and there's no preview for the source. Dougweller (talk) 05:08, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

The use of the word "pictographic" in some source doesn't mean that the word evinces a proper analysis of the writing system. It means that the glyphs look like pictures. (As I stated above and long ago, the script is logographic with phonetic components). -- Evertype·✆ 12:58, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

What should actually be in this article?
As it stands, per my comment above, I think this article needs expansion, with Fell a minor side-note so to speak. It didn't take me long to find, as an example, this - the article should say something about what was translated into pictographs and why. It says it was popular but doesn't explain why. Dougweller (talk) 11:24, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Interesting reading. IMO, though, Fell doesn't really belong here at all. It's hard to imagine an account that wouldn't have undue weight. — kwami (talk) 12:10, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I found "Bruce Greenfield also notes the important role of performance with respect to Mi'kmaq hieroglyphics; see Greenfield, "The Mi'kmaq Hieroglyphic Prayer Book: Writing and Christianity in Maritime Canada, 1675-1921," in Edward Gray and Norman Fiering, eds., The Language Encounter in the Americas" and "A similar control of forms of literacy is evident in eighteenth-century Acadia, where the Spiritan missionary Pierre Maillard fostered the use of Mi'kmaq hieroglyphics but was reluctant to teach the Roman alphabet because the ability to read in French might lead to political unrest among his Native charges.33" in Warkentin, Germaine. (1999). “In Search of ‘The Word of the Other’: Aboriginal Sign Systems and the History of the Book in Canada.” Book History. Volume 2. It's this sort of stuff that we need, not fringe stuff about Egyptians. Dougweller (talk) 13:13, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Fell does belong here because wrong or fringe or whatever, he still did write about Micmac hieroglyphs. We've similar fringishness in Ogham and Runic if I recall. There should be more than the Fell stuff here, but the Fell stuff at least should be accurate. -- Evertype·✆ 13:00, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I found the strange Fell section a bit of a shock when I read it, but I agree that it at least relates to the article's topic. The question is whether Fell is notable according to reliable sources. If enough quality references can be found, the section should stay. Furthermore, if he is merely FRINGE, then he doesn't belong. But if he is notable FRINGE (his speculations are of real interest to academicians or to Native Americans), then he belongs with a "FRINGE" note. Debunking is neither needed nor appropriate here, unless done by citations; the real issue is notability as shown by quality references. David Spector (talk) 23:15, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

I think I was too permissive in my comments; on re-reading the section, I see that it contains not a single outside reference, just a reference to a book written by Fell. Unreferenced material in WP can be removed by anyone for good reason, and my good reason is lack of notability. In the absence of any references at all to these speculations, there is no way that the section meets Wikipedia's policies. Therefore, I will remove it. If you are a fan of Fell and wish to restore it, be sure to add reliable references. Otherwise, someone else will remove it. David Spector (talk) 23:22, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

 * As stated by other editors above, Fell himself is notable, he wrote on the topic and it does represent a viewpoint picked up by others or that has some following. Even if you consider it "fringe", we still ought to report on it, not suppress all mention of it from wikipedia. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 00:02, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

Dear Til, the issue here is not just FRINGE, but NOTABLE. If you're familiar with WP policy on notability, you know that several references to RELIABLE SECONDARY sources are required. ANY statement in a WP article that has insufficient references showing notability can be removed at any time by any WP editor. I merely exercised my right to do so. Your only claim to notability is that some WP editors stated that his viewpoint is notable. This is not enough. In fact, it is not even admissible. I sympathize that such an interesting viewpoint may be "suppressed" from WP, but this is common, and it has happened to me; but WP policy always comes first, before the actual knowledge of any WP editor. It's really not such a bad policy. You may be able to find other fora on the Web for posting this information on Fell. Please revert your reversion of my removal in accordance with WP policy, which I believe is quite clear in this case. Unless you have an additional objection to the deletion? David Spector (talk) 21:11, 11 June 2013 (UTC)

 * No, because I dispute your assertion that Barry Fell's writings are not notable or pass GNG. They probably aren't notable to you because you personally disagree with them. The previous consensus on how to treat Fell in this article is better than blanking out all mention of his theory relevant to Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing, as you are doing. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 21:15, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Fell is notable, but not everything he says belongs on Wikipedia. In this case it dominates the article. This doesn't seem to be significant enough to be included - it seems to receive scant mention in reliable sources. I know you don't like our NPOv policy but WP:UNDUE applies here. Dougweller (talk) 18:25, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I think you are wrong, and you are now suppressing / censoring all mention one of the significant published viewpoints regarding the subject, Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing, because you are trying to enforce your personal POV about the question. I suppose I should make a request for comment here. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 20:04, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Throwing out logical red herrings about "alien abductions" in your edit summary doesn't help much. In terms of a logical argument, this has no valid connection whatsoever. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 20:14, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * It's an NPOV issue as I've said, so take it to WP:NPOVN. Dougweller (talk) 21:14, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * It may be worth including in the article on Fell. If this article were well developed, then it might belong here per WEIGHT, but as is it's too much.  — kwami (talk) 02:43, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Oh, look. Pointless deletionism has made an article less interesting. Yay, Wikipedia. -- Evertype·✆ 05:37, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

What about Chinese/Asian origin theory?
I don't ever recall hearing the Egyptian theory, I'm more familiar with the Chinese/Asian connection. Also, is this the actual Mik writing, or some White/missionary imposed scribbles assigned to their heathen language as was often done with other Natives? Could Kublai Kahn's fleet have been blown to North America by that typhoon in 1281, like debris from the Fukushima tsunami? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.167.234.205 (talk) 18:44, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Well even if Kublai Khan's fleet did get blown to Nova Scotia, but there are no sources whatsoever suggesting that, then unfortunately we can't mention it per WP:VER. Talk pages are not a forum for shoe-horning your own original speculation on the subject.  And yes this is original Mi'kmaw writing, not invented for them by the French - but there is indeed a school of thought that says if non-white races had any signs of intelligence, the only possible explanation is that whites must have taught it to them, therefore they say the French must have taught the Mi'kmaq to write in hieroglyphics.  We call this school of thought "white supremacism". Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 19:01, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * We have an article for that Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contacts. For a better explanation of why it's not in article other than this, see WP:FRINGE.  He  iro 19:13, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * What fringe theory? The anon's speculation about Kublai Khan having something to do with this topic doesn't even rise to the level of a fringe theory, because I'm pretty sure nobody else has ever suggested any such thing before. This is pure abuse of talkpage. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 19:18, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

Unicode
?-- Albedo  @  12:02, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Article on Mi'kmaq
I used this content in the article Mi'kmaq Oceanflynn (talk) 02:22, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

Clarifying move
When I said in the move summary from Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing, I mean the pre-Le Clercq symbols. Since this article is partially about them, it is inappropriate to have "writing" in the article title. Remsense 诉  22:02, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphs


text:
July 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 28 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 30

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on August 11 by Old Calendar.

For July 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 16.

Saints

 * Virgin-martyr Seraphima (Serapia) of Antioch (c. 117-138)
 * Martyr Kallinikos of Cilicia in Asia Minor (c. 250)
 * Martyr Theodota and her three sons in Bithynia (c. 304)
 * Martyrs Benjamin and Berius, by the Palace of the Hebdomon.
 * Martyr Mamas, by drowning.
 * Martyr Basiliscus the Elder, by the sword.
 * Martyr Ioannis.
 * The holy Martyrs, a father and mother, with their two children, by fire.
 * Blessed John the Soldier (c. 361)  (see also: July 30)
 * Saint Theodosius the Younger, the pious emperor (450)
 * Martyr Eustathius the Cobbler of Mtskheta, Georgia (589)
 * Saint Constantine I, Patriarch of Constantinople (677)  (see also: August 9)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saints Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrix, two brothers and their sister martyred in Rome under Diocletian (c. 303)
 * Saint Faustinus (4th century)
 * Saint Prosper of Orleans, Bishop of Orleans in France (c.453)
 * Saint Lupus the Confessor, Bishop of Troyes, Gaul (479)
 * Saint Sulien (Sulian, Silin), born in Brittany, he founded a small monastery in Luxulyan in Cornwall (6th century)
 * Saint Kilian, an abbot of a monastery on the island of Inis Cealtra in Ireland, and author of a Life of St Brigid (7th century)
 * Saint Olaf II of Norway (Olav, Tola), King of Norway (1030)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Constantine III Leichoudes, Patriarch of Constantinople (1063)
 * Saints Constantine and Cosmas of Kosinsk, in Pskov, Abbots (13th century)
 * Saint Romanus of Kirzach, founder of Kirzhach Monastery, disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh (1392)
 * Saint Bogolep, Child Schemamonk of Chorny Yar, near Astrakhan (1667)
 * Hieromartyr Bessarion of Smolyan, Bulgaria (1670)
 * Martyr Daniel Kushnir of Mlievich (Daniel of Cherkassk), Ukraine (1766)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyrs Seraphim (Bogoslovsky) and Theognostus (Pivovarov), Hieromonks of a skete at Kyzyl-Zharskoe, Kazakhstan (1921)
 * New Hieromartyr Anatole (Smirnov), Hieromonk and hermit of the Caucasus Mountains, Abkhazia (1930-1935)
 * New Hieromartyr Pachomius (Rusin), Hieromonk, of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan (1938)
 * New Hieromartyr Alexis Krasnovsky, Priest (1938)

Other commemorations

 * Nativity of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia (3rd century)
 * Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of Rudoe Selo (19th century)
 * Repose of Archpriest Georges Florovsky (1979)

authors: Чръный человек

title: July 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
File:Michigan Law Review cover.jpg

Summary
Typical cover of the Michigan Law Review.

title: File:Michigan Law Review cover.jpg


text:
List of storms named Rosalie

The name Rosalie has been used for two tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean:

 * Tropical Storm Rosalie (1970)
 * Tropical Storm Rosalie (1974)

title: List of storms named Rosalie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rovergate

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Francs2000 | Talk 02:29, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Rovergate
Neologism. 90 google, 0 google news.-- BMIComp (talk) 21:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Plame affair. Redirects are cheap after all. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 22:24, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless the scandal expands to include a dog. CDC   (talk)  22:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I don't think anyone's looking for "Rovergate". This is the first I've heard of that neologism. Rovegate, maybe. Fernando Rizo 02:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've heard "Rovegate" on talk radio, but not this one, so it must go. -- BD2412 talk 03:24, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. JamesBurns 08:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete it's just a place for a POV rant. If it catches on (unlikely), add it back.  --rob 21:55, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
List of storms named Sandra

The name Sandra has been used for five tropical cyclones worldwide, three in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, one in the Australian Region and one in the South Pacific.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Hurricane Sandra (1985), a high-end Category 3 hurricane that stayed in the open ocean
 * Hurricane Sandra (2015), a strong late-season Category 4 hurricane that dissipated just offshore from Sinaloa
 * Tropical Storm Sandra (2021), a weak system that formed far out to sea

In the Australian Region:
 * Cyclone Sandra (1966), formed southwest of Christmas Island

In the South Pacific:
 * Cyclone Sandra (2013), formed off the Queensland coast, its remnants bought heavy rains to parts of New Zealand

title: List of storms named Sandra


text:
List of storms named Selma

The name Selma has been used for four tropical cyclones worldwide, three in the Eastern Pacific and one in the Australian region.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Tropical Storm Selma (1970) – strong late-season storm that formed near Baja California, moved erratically near the coast before dissipating
 * Tropical Storm Selma (1987) – weak storm that posed no threat to land
 * Tropical Storm Selma (2017) – minimal tropical storm that made landfall in El Salvador, causing minor damage

In the Australian Region:
 * Cyclone Selma (1974) – Category 3 severe tropical cyclone that briefly threatened land but turned away

title: List of storms named Selma


text:
Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor. Known for his work on screen and stage, he has received various accolades, including a BAFTA TV Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and a Laurence Olivier Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and four Golden Globes. In 2014, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world, and in 2015, he was appointed a CBE for services to performing arts and charity.

Cumberbatch studied drama at the Victoria University of Manchester and obtained a Master of Arts in classical acting at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He began acting in Shakespearean theatre productions before making his West End debut in Richard Eyre's revival of Hedda Gabler in 2005. Since then, he has starred in Royal National Theatre productions of After the Dance (2010) and Frankenstein (2011), winning the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for the latter. In 2015, he played the title role in Hamlet at the Barbican Theatre.

Cumberbatch's television work includes his performance as Stephen Hawking in the film Hawking (2004). He gained wide recognition for portraying Sherlock Holmes in the series Sherlock from 2010 to 2017, for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor. For playing the title role in the miniseries Patrick Melrose (2018), he won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor.

In films, Cumberbatch received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor for playing Alan Turing in The Imitation Game (2014) and a volatile rancher in The Power of the Dog (2021). He has acted in several period dramas, including Amazing Grace (2006), Atonement (2007), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), 12 Years a Slave (2013), The Current War (2017), 1917 (2019) and The Courier (2020). He has also starred in numerous blockbuster films portraying Khan in Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), Smaug and Sauron in The Hobbit film series (2012–2014), and Dr. Stephen Strange in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, including in the films Doctor Strange (2016) and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).

Birth, family and schooling
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch was born on 19 July 1976 at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in the London district of Hammersmith, to actors Timothy Carlton (born Timothy Carlton Congdon Cumberbatch) and Wanda Ventham. He grew up in the borough of Kensington and Chelsea. He has a half-sister, Tracy Peacock, from his mother's first marriage.

Cumberbatch attended boarding schools from the age of eight, attending Brambletye, a prep school near East Grinstead, West Sussex. He undertook secondary schooling as an arts scholar at Harrow School. He was a member of the Rattigan Society, Harrow's principal club for the dramatic arts, which was named after Old Harrovian and playwright Sir Terence Rattigan. He was involved in numerous Shakespearean works at school and made his acting debut as Titania, Queen of the Fairies, in A Midsummer Night's Dream when he was 12. His first leading role was as Eliza Doolittle in Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, in a production by the Head of Classics, James Morwood, who observed that Cumberbatch "acted everyone else off the stage". Cumberbatch's drama teacher, Martin Tyrell, called him "the best schoolboy actor" he had ever worked with. Despite his abilities, Cumberbatch's drama teacher at Harrow warned him against a career in acting, calling it a "tough business".

Tertiary education
After leaving Harrow, Cumberbatch took a gap year to volunteer as an English teacher at a Tibetan monastery in Darjeeling, India. He then attended the Victoria University of Manchester, where he studied drama. He continued his training as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA), graduating with an MA in classical acting. In January 2018, Cumberbatch succeeded Timothy West as president of LAMDA.

Antecedents and family tree
In 1728, Benedict Cumberbatch's 7th-great-grandfather, Abraham Cumberbatch of  Saint Andrew, Barbados (died 1753), acquired properties on the island of Barbados in the West Indies, which used enslaved people for labour. St Nicholas Abbey was owned by Cumberbatch's ancestors for at least two hundred years.

These properties were passed down through the generations to Benedict's great-great-great-grandfather, Abraham Parry Cumberbatch  (died 1840 in Hellingly, Sussex). He was an absentee landlord of two estates, Cleland and Lammings, for which he received £5388 as slave compensation (via the Slave Compensation Act 1837, four years after the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 had abolished slavery). The Cleland plantation enslaved 250 people, and was the main source of the Cumberbatch family's considerable wealth at the time; they were one of the richest families in Britain.

There has been media speculation that the Barbados National Task Force on Reparations, which, as part of the wider Caribbean's CARICOM Reparations Commission, is  seeking reparations from wealthy British MP Richard Drax for his ancestors' involvement in slavery, might also consider seeking reparations from families such as the Cumberbatches. Benedict Cumberbatch has said that by the time of his birth, most of the money had run out, and he grew up "definitely middle class", or upper middle class. The Drax family still owns a large estate in Barbados, and Richard Drax is said to be worth at least £150 million. Barbados′ officials have since rebuked those speculations and called them a "Campaign of deceptive and misleading British ′yellow journalism′".

Abraham Parry Cumberbatch's son (Benedict's great-great-grandfather) Robert William Cumberbatch, was a British consul in Turkey and the Russian Empire. His great-grandfather, Henry Alfred Cumberbatch, was also a diplomat who served as consul in Turkey and Lebanon, and his grandfather, Henry Carlton Cumberbatch, was a submarine officer of both World Wars, and a prominent figure of London high society.

Cumberbatch is third cousin 16 times removed of King Richard III, whom he portrayed in The Hollow Crown. He attended Richard III's 2015 reburial and read a poem.

Theatre

Since 2001, Cumberbatch has had major roles in a dozen classic plays at the Regent's Park Open Air, Almeida, Royal Court and Royal National Theatres. He was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role for his role as George Tesman in Hedda Gabler, which he performed at the Almeida Theatre on 16 March 2005 and at the Duke of York's Theatre when it transferred to the West End on 19 May 2005. This transfer marked his first West End appearance.

In June 2010, Cumberbatch led the revival of Sir Terence Rattigan's After the Dance directed by Thea Sharrock at the Royal National Theatre. He played 1920s aristocrat David Scott-Fowler to commercial and critical success. The play won four Olivier Awards including Best Revival. He acted in Danny Boyle's The Children's Monologues, a theatrical charity event at London's Old Vic Theatre on 14 November 2010 which was produced by Dramatic Need.

In February 2011, Cumberbatch began playing, on alternate nights, both Victor Frankenstein and his creature, opposite Jonny Lee Miller, in Boyle's stage production of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein at the Royal National Theatre. Frankenstein was broadcast to cinemas as a part of National Theatre Live in March 2011. He achieved the "Triple Crown of London Theatre" in 2011 when he received the Olivier Award, Evening Standard Award and Critics' Circle Theatre Award for his performance in Frankenstein.

Cumberbatch was a part of a cast featuring members of the Royal National Theatre Company in 50 Years on Stage, the Royal National Theatre's landmark event for its 50th anniversary on 2 November 2013. He played Rosencrantz in a selected scene from Sir Tom Stoppard's play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. The show was directed by Sir Nicholas Hytner and was broadcast on BBC Two and in cinemas worldwide as a part of National Theatre Live.

Cumberbatch returned to theatre to play Shakespeare's Hamlet at London's Barbican Theatre. The production was directed by Lyndsey Turner and produced by Sonia Friedman, which started its 12-week run in August 2015. The performance, co-starring Sian Brooke, was broadcast by the National Theatre Company by satellite internationally as Hamlet in Rehearsal. He earned his third Laurence Olivier Awards nomination for the role.

Television

Cumberbatch's early television roles include two separate guest roles in Heartbeat (2000, 2004), Freddy in Tipping the Velvet (2002), Edward Hand in Cambridge Spies (2003) and Rory in the ITV comedy drama series Fortysomething (2003). He also featured in Spooks and Silent Witness. In 2004, he landed his first main part in television as Stephen Hawking in Hawking. He was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor and won the Golden Nymph for Television Films – Best Performance by an Actor. He later provided Hawking's voice in the first episode of the television series Curiosity. He also appeared in the BBC miniseries Dunkirk as Lieutenant Jimmy Langley.

In 2005, Cumberbatch portrayed protagonist Edmund Talbot in the miniseries To the Ends of the Earth, based on Sir William Golding's trilogy; during filming he said he experienced a terrifying carjacking in South Africa, managing to escape. He made brief appearances in the comedy sketch show Broken News and the Channel 4 sitcom Nathan Barley in 2005 and featured alongside Tom Hardy in the television adaptation of Stuart: A Life Backwards, which aired on the BBC in September 2007.

In 2008, Cumberbatch played the lead character in the BBC miniseries drama The Last Enemy, earning a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Film. In 2009, he appeared in Agatha Christie's Miss Marple: Murder Is Easy as Luke Fitzwilliam. He played Bernard in the TV adaptation of Small Island, earning him a nomination for BAFTA Television Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cumberbatch featured in Michael Dobbs' play, The Turning Point, which aired as one of a series of TV plays broadcast live on Sky Arts. The play depicted an October 1938 meeting between Soviet spy Guy Burgess, then a young man working for the BBC, and Winston Churchill. Cumberbatch portrayed Burgess; Churchill was played by Matthew Marsh, who had played a supporting role in Hawking. He narrated the 6-part series South Pacific (US title: Wild Pacific), which aired from May to June 2009 on BBC 2.

In 2010, Cumberbatch portrayed Vincent van Gogh in Van Gogh: Painted with Words. The Daily Telegraph called his performance "[a] treat ... vividly bringing Van Gogh to impassioned, blue-eyed life." In the same year, Cumberbatch began playing Sherlock Holmes in the joint BBC/PBS television series Sherlock, to critical acclaim. The second series began on New Year's Day 2012 in the United Kingdom and was broadcast on PBS in the United States in May 2012. The third series aired on PBS over a period of three weeks in January to February 2014. Cumberbatch won an Emmy as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for the third episode of the third series of the show entitled His Last Vow. Cumberbatch has one of the most aggressive fanbases to date, part of the 'Big Three' fandoms on the social media site Tumblr, called SuperWhoLock. In April 2015, Cumberbatch was nominated for his sixth British Academy Television Award for Best Leading Actor for the third series of the Sherlock. In 2016, he was once again nominated for an Emmy as Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, this time for Sherlock: The Abominable Bride.

In 2012, he led the BBC and HBO co-produced miniseries Parade's End with Rebecca Hall. An adaptation of the tetralogy of novels of the same name by Ford Madox Ford, it was filmed as five episodes, directed by Susanna White and adapted by Sir Tom Stoppard. His performance earned Cumberbatch his second Emmy Award nomination for Best Actor in Miniseries or TV Movie. In February 2014, Cumberbatch appeared with Sesame Street characters Murray and Count von Count for PBS. In 2016, Cumberbatch portrayed Richard III in Shakespeare's play of the same name, as part of the second series of films for The Hollow Crown, which aired in both Britain and the United States. Cumberbatch has also been a brand ambassador for Dunlop and Jaguar luxury cars since 2014.

Cumberbatch starred in Patrick Melrose, a miniseries adaptation of the Edward St Aubyn novels, which began airing on Showtime on 12 May 2018. In 2019 Cumberbatch appeared as British political strategist Dominic Cummings (who served as the campaign director of Vote Leave, the official campaign in favour of the UK leaving the European Union) in HBO and Channel 4's television film Brexit: The Uncivil War. In 2023 he was confirmed a executive producer and lead role in the miniseries Eric for streaming service Netflix.

Film
The 2006 film Starter for 10 has been credited with helping launch Cumberbatch's big-screen career. Also in 2006, Cumberbatch played late 18th/early 19th century British parliamentarian William Pitt the Younger in Amazing Grace, a role that garnered him a nomination for the London Film Critics Circle "British Breakthrough Acting Award". In Atonement (2007), Cumberbatch played what The Guardian called one of his "small parts in big films", and came to the attention of Sue Vertue and Stephen Moffat, who would later cast him in Sherlock. In 2008 he had a supporting role in The Other Boleyn Girl, and the next year he appeared in the Charles Darwin biographical film Creation as Darwin's friend Joseph Hooker. In 2010, he appeared in The Whistleblower as well as Four Lions. He portrayed Peter Guillam, George Smiley's right-hand man, in the 2011 adaptation of the John le Carré novel Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. The film was directed by Tomas Alfredson and featured Gary Oldman and Colin Firth. Cumberbatch played Major Jamie Stewart in Steven Spielberg's War Horse in 2011.

In 2012, Cumberbatch provided the voice and motion-capture for both Smaug the Dragon and the Necromancer in An Unexpected Journey, the first instalment of The Hobbit series based on the novel of the same name by J. R. R. Tolkien. He reprised his roles as Smaug and the Necromancer for The Desolation of Smaug (2013) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). For the motion-capture aspect of the films, he used a suit and facial markers to highlight the dragon's expressions and movements. Cumberbatch told Total Film "You just have to lose your shit on a carpeted floor, in a place that looks a little bit like a mundane government building. It was just me as well, with four static cameras and all the sensors."

In 2013, Cumberbatch appeared in J. J. Abrams' sequel, Star Trek Into Darkness, as Khan, the film's antagonist. Three of the four films he featured in during the second half of 2013 premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival: The Fifth Estate, in which he played WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, 12 Years a Slave, in which he played William Prince Ford, a slave owner, and August: Osage County, in which he played Charles Aiken. For the official soundtrack of the latter film, he recorded a song titled "Can't Keep it Inside".

Cumberbatch had a voice role in DreamWorks Animation's feature film Penguins of Madagascar, which was released in November 2014. He then starred in the historical drama The Imitation Game as British cryptographer Alan Turing, also released in November 2014. The role earned him nominations for the Golden Globe, BAFTA, SAG, and Academy Award for Best Actor. In May 2014, he joined the cast of the film Black Mass opposite Johnny Depp which was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Cumberbatch starred as Doctor Strange in both the eponymous film released in November 2016, in Avengers: Infinity War in April 2018, and in Avengers: Endgame in April 2019. His depiction of Strange also appeared in Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) and in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). He starred as electricity titan Thomas Edison in the film The Current War in September 2017. In 2018, Cumberbatch voiced the title character in the film The Grinch, and provided the voice and did performance capture for the tiger Shere Khan in Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle, Netflix film adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, starring alongside Christian Bale and Cate Blanchett. In 2019, he appeared briefly as British Colonel Mackenzie in Sam Mendes' World War I film 1917.

In 2021, Cumberbatch starred in the drama The Power of the Dog, written and directed by Jane Campion. His performance in the film was acclaimed, and he received nominations for the Academy Award, British Academy Film Award, Screen Actors Guild Award, and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. The same year Cumberbatch played Louis Wain, an eccentric English artist known for drawing anthropomorphized large-eyed cats, in The Electrical Life of Louis Wain.

Cumberbatch stars as the titular character in Wes Anderson's The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar (2023), a short film adaptation of a short story by Roald Dahl. He appears opposite Ralph Fiennes, Dev Patel and Ben Kingsley.

Radio
Cumberbatch has repeatedly expressed his affection for radio and has done numerous productions for the BBC. Among his best-known radio work is the adaptation of John Mortimer's novel Rumpole and the Penge Bungalow Murders in 2009. He played Young Rumpole, and went on to play the part in nine more adaptations of Mortimer's works. Between 2008 and 2014, he played Captain Martin Crieff in the BBC Radio 4's sitcom Cabin Pressure, alongside Stephanie Cole, John Finnemore, and Roger Allam. He then went on to play the Angel Islington in the 2013 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere. In the same year, he led the BBC Radio 3 adaptation of Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen wherein he played theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg.

For the 70th anniversary of the Normandy landings, on 6 June 2014 Cumberbatch read the original BBC radio bulletins from June 1944 for BBC Radio 4.

Narration
Cumberbatch has narrated numerous documentaries for the National Geographic and Discovery channels. He has also read for several audiobooks, including Casanova, The Tempest, The Making of Music, Death in a White Tie, Artists in Crime, Tom and Viv, and Sherlock Holmes: The Rediscovered Railway Mysteries and Other Stories. He has done voice-overs for several commercials, including for major names Jaguar, Sony, Pimms, and Google+, performing the Seven Ages of Man monologue. For the 2012 London Olympics, he appeared in a short film on the history of London, which began the BBC coverage of the opening ceremony. He made appearances for two Cheltenham Festivals, in July 2012 for Music when he read World War I poetry and prose accompanied by piano pieces and in October 2012 for Literature when he discussed Sherlock and Parade's End at The Centaur. In 2012, he lent his voice to a four-part, spoken-word track titled "Flat of Angles" for Late Night Tales based on a story written by author and poet Simon Cleary, the final installment of which was released on 9 May 2014.

In 2012, he provided the voice of Dante Alighieri in the documentary Girlfriend in a Coma. In 2013, Cumberbatch narrated the documentary film Jerusalem about the ancient city. It was distributed by National Geographic Cinema Ventures in IMAX 3D theatres worldwide. The same year, he appeared as a special guest in a recording of Gordon Getty's opera Usher House, where he voiced the role of "the visitor", recorded and released by PENTATONE.

He narrated the documentary Cristiano Ronaldo: The World at His Feet about the Portuguese footballer for Vimeo and Vision Films in 2014. In August 2014, he recorded the first ever unabridged audiobook of William Golding's 1964 novel, The Spire, for Canongate Books.

Music
On 28 September 2016, Cumberbatch appeared on stage with Pink Floyd member David Gilmour during one of the musician's shows in London held at the Royal Albert Hall. He sang lead vocals on the song "Comfortably Numb", singing the verse sections originally sung by Roger Waters.

Impressionist
Adept at impersonating others, Cumberbatch was referred to as the "New King of Celebrity Impressionists" by Vulture magazine. He has imitated celebrities on a number of chat shows, such as The Graham Norton Show on the BBC, The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on NBC, and in general interviews on channels such as MTV. His impersonations include Alan Rickman, Sean Connery, Jack Nicholson, Tom Hiddleston, Michael Caine, Christopher Walken, Tom Holland, Bane, John Malkovich, Matthew McConaughey, Taylor Swift and Chewbacca.

Production company
Cumberbatch, Adam Ackland, writer-director Patrick Monroe, action coordinator Ben Dillon, and production manager Adam Selves launched a production company, SunnyMarch Ltd., in late 2013.

Their first project under the company's banner was the £87,000 crowd-funded short film Little Favour, written and directed by Monroe with Cumberbatch in the lead role. The 30-minute action-thriller became internationally available on iTunes on 5 November 2013. In 2022 filming began on The End We Start From, an adaptation of the Megan Hunter novel of the same name, the rights to which the company had acquired in 2017.

Charity
Cumberbatch is an ambassador for The Prince's Trust. He is a supporter and patron of organisations focused on using the arts to help disadvantaged young people including Odd Arts, Anno's Africa and Dramatic Need. Since portraying Stephen Hawking in 2004, he has been an ambassador, and in 2015 patron, for the Motor Neurone Disease Association and in 2014 did the Ice Bucket Challenge for the organisation. He also set up a recovery fund for the benefit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association. Cumberbatch has donated artworks for charities and fundraisers including the Willow Foundation, and Thomas Coram Foundation for Children.

Together with Prince Philip, Cumberbatch presented 85 young people with the Duke of Edinburgh's Award at St James's Palace on 19 March 2014. "Our ambition is to extend this opportunity to hundreds of thousands across the UK", Cumberbatch said on behalf of the youth awards programme.

In May 2014, he joined Prince William and Ralph Lauren at Windsor Castle for a cancer awareness and fundraising gala for the benefit of the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Cumberbatch stated, "Cancer isn't a disease that needs much awareness, but it does need continued funding for research." In September 2014, he participated in a video campaign for Stand Up To Cancer. Cumberbatch posed for photographer Jason Bell for an exhibition at Pall Mall, London from 16 to 20 September 2014 to mark 10 years of the "Give Up Clothes For Good" charity campaign, which has raised £17 million for Cancer Research UK. In 2014, Cumberbatch publicly backed "Hacked Off" and its campaign for UK press self-regulation by "safeguarding the press from political interference while also giving vital protection to the vulnerable."

In late 2014, Cumberbatch designed a Sherlock Holmes-themed Paddington Bear statue, one of fifty located around London prior to the release of the film Paddington, which was auctioned to raise funds for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC).

In a November 2014 cover story for Out promoting The Imitation Game, Cumberbatch opened up about sexual experimentation during his time in boarding schools stating, "While there was experimentation, it had never occurred to me as, 'Oh, this is that!' It was just boys and their penises, the same way with girls and vaginas and boobs. It wasn't out of desire." LGBT group Stonewall released a statement praising Cumberbatch's comments, saying, "Seeing someone in the public eye – especially somebody as influential as Benedict – talking positively around gay issues, is powerful for young lesbian, gay and bisexual people. It is often difficult for those growing up to find role models who demonstrate that it is equally okay to be gay or straight."

Cumberbatch is a founding member of the "Save Soho" campaign which aims "to protect and nurture iconic music and performing arts venues in Soho." In an open letter published in The Guardian on 31 January 2015, Cumberbatch, amongst others, asked for pardons of all gay and bisexual men who were convicted under the same now-defunct "indecency" laws as Alan Turing was (whom Cumberbatch portrayed in The Imitation Game).

In September 2015, Cumberbatch condemned the UK government's response to the migrant crisis in a speech to theatregoers during a curtain call at a performance of Hamlet, for which he stars. He also fronted a video campaign to help the charity Save The Children in its mission to aid young Syrian refugees. He was one of the signatories of an open letter, published in The Guardian, criticising the government for its actions regarding the refugee problem. He also gave nightly speeches after his curtain call as Hamlet at the Barbican in London, asking for donations to help Syrian refugees. At the end of the run, the audience contributed more than £150,000 for Save the Children. He faced criticism for not taking in refugees himself, responding "I do have a house, but it's empty, it's gutted, there's no electricity or water, so that wouldn't work, and I have a baby in my flat, there are no spare rooms". In 2017 he told The Big Issue "I understand why some might think I should be housing people instead of complaining about a government not doing it. But I was trying to raise awareness that we can do more as a society [...] But we raised money for children in need. So I don't regret doing it for a second, and I will do it again, even if it does put me in the firing line".

In May 2020, Cumberbatch was among the ten celebrities who read an instalment of Roald Dahl's children's fantasy novel James and the Giant Peach. The audio-visual readings were published by Oscar-winning director Taika Waititi in aid of the global-non profit charity Partners In Health, co-founded by Dahl's daughter Ophelia, which had been fighting COVID-19 in vulnerable areas.

Politics
In 2003, Cumberbatch joined the Stop the War Coalition protest in London against the Iraq War. He addressed activists in a 2010 protest sponsored by the Trade Union Congress in Westminster on the suggested risks to the arts due to spending cuts expected in the Spending Review. In 2013, he protested against what he perceived were civil liberties violations by the UK government.

Cumberbatch is a supporter of LGBT+ rights and in July 2013 officiated at the same-sex marriage of friends. Through this ordination he officiated the wedding of Robert Rinder, best known as Judge Rinder, and his partner Seth Cummings. For International Women's Day 2014, he was a signatory of Amnesty International's letter to the Prime Minister David Cameron for women's rights in Afghanistan. Cumberbatch identifies as a feminist.

In 2016, Cumberbatch was one of over 280 figures from the arts world who backed a vote for the United Kingdom to stay in the European Union with regard to the June 2016 referendum on that issue.

Awards and honours
Cumberbatch was appointed a CBE in the 2015 Birthday Honours for services to the performing arts and to charity. He received the honour from the Queen at an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 10 November 2015.

In February 2016, Cumberbatch was appointed visiting fellow at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University.

Public image and other recognition
Cumberbatch achieved international recognition with the first series of Sherlock in 2010. He has since been called "The Thinking Woman's Crumpet" and has been a mainstay in numerous "Sexiest Man Alive" lists including those of Empire and People.

Tatler listed Cumberbatch in the "Most Eligible Bachelors in the United Kingdom" in 2012. In the same year, Cumberbatch described a cyberstalking incident in which he discovered that someone had been live-tweeting his movements in his London home. Coming to terms with it, he said, it is "an ongoing process. To think that somebody knew everything I'd done in a day and told the rest of the world in real time!" His photograph taken at the Garrick Club by Derry Moore, 12th Earl of Drogheda was the cover of Moore's 2012 book An English Room.

In 2013, Cumberbatch was ranked fifth in the Tatler's "Most Fascinating People in Britain" list, higher than the Duchess of Cambridge and just below Queen Elizabeth II. Entertainment Weekly identified Cumberbatch as one of the "50 Coolest and Most Creative Entertainers" in Hollywood. He has also appeared on the covers of GQ, Time and The Hollywood Reporter's "New A-list" issue.

In 2014, Cumberbatch was included in The Sunday Times "100 Makers of the 21st Century", cited as this generation's Laurence Olivier." Film critic Roger Friedman stated that "Cumberbatch may be the closest thing to a real descendant of Sir Laurence Olivier." GQ identified him as one of the "100 Most Connected Men" in the UK in 2014. In the same year, Country Life magazine labelled him as one of its "Gentlemen of the Year".

In April 2014, Cumberbatch was regarded as a British cultural icon, with young adults from abroad naming him among a group of people whom they most associated with UK culture, which included William Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth II, David Beckham, J. K. Rowling, The Beatles, Charlie Chaplin, Elton John and Adele. The same month, Time magazine included him in its annual Time 100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World. Cumberbatch was the inspiration and focus of Abby Howells's play Benedict Cumberbatch Must Die which, despite its title, was a "love letter" and portrait of the fan obsession surrounding the actor. It premiered in June 2014 at BATS Theatre in New Zealand. The Tennessee Aquarium named one of its otters "Benny" in reference to Cumberbatch's first name after a naming contest on the zoo's website.

A wax figure of Cumberbatch has been on display at Madame Tussauds London since October 2014. In 2015, he was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed British men. In 2018, PETA declared Cumberbatch and director Ava DuVernay to be the Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs of 2018.

Personal life

While in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in 2005, Cumberbatch and two friends (Theo and Denise Black) were abducted, after bursting a tyre, and held at gunpoint by a group of locals. Eventually their abductors drove them into unsettled territory and set them free without explanation. Cumberbatch said of the incident: "It taught me that you come into this world as you leave it, on your own. It's made me want to live a life less ordinary." Before the burst tyre, they had been listening to "How to Disappear Completely" by Radiohead. Following this experience, whenever Cumberbatch hears the song it "reminds [him] of a sense of reality ... [and] a reason for hope".

He subscribes to Buddhist philosophy and has expressed affinity for meditation and mindfulness.

Cumberbatch was in a 12-year-long relationship with actress Olivia Poulet, from his time at Manchester University until 2010.

Cumberbatch is married to English theatre and opera director Sophie Hunter. Their engagement was announced in the "Forthcoming Marriages" section of The Times on 5 November 2014, after a 17-year friendship. On 14 February 2015, the couple married at the 12th-century St Peter and St Paul's Church in Mottistone on the Isle of Wight followed by a reception at Mottistone Manor. They have three sons.

In 2019, Cumberbatch hit and injured a cyclist whilst speeding down a country lane on the Isle of Wight in his 4x4 Lamborghini Urus.

title: Benedict Cumberbatch


text:
List of storms named Sergio

The name Sergio has been used for four tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 * Tropical Storm Sergio (1978) – weak tropical storm that dissipated near Baja California
 * Hurricane Sergio (1982) – Category 3 hurricane that moved parallel to Mexico
 * Hurricane Sergio (2006) – late-season Category 2 hurricane that stayed at sea
 * Hurricane Sergio (2018) – Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in Baja California as a tropical storm

title: List of storms named Sergio