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Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Space opera in Scientology scripture/archive1

Space opera in Scientology doctrine
Another masterpiece of understatement from ChrisO (who wrote about half of Xenu). It's a fairly obscure subject ... but Xenu, which one FAC objection thought would be "too obscure", is now enormously popular in the blogosphere  and is quoted in most of the recent press about Tom Cruise's proselytising behaviour (unattributed, but the phrasings are pretty distinctive). I think this has potential for enormous popularity. So it's a good thing it's well-written and has its references, isn't it. It went through peer review just recently, which helped a lot. I now open it to you to tell us what shrubberies (nice ones, mind you) it needs to be a feature. We've just started WikiProject Scientology too, by the way, so expect more of these - David Gerard 22:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent, comprehensive, well-referenced, the mechanical gorilla is a high point. Sadly, there is only one really good illustration—the DC-8—but that problem is inherent in the subject, no doubt. Great stuff! Bishonen | talk 23:42, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, would do well with better illustrations, but it is indeed comprehensive and well referenced. Phoenix2 23:46, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. The image Image:Fangio moss monza.jpg is claimed as fair use, but I don't think it can be used in the article under fair use. --Carnildo 17:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It was probably fair use in the original article it was uploaded for, but yeah, it's been removed now. Images were a particularly difficult one for this article (though the gorilla is a good photo, and the Himalayas shot is spectacular - click on the image and check it out!) - suggestions are most welcomed - David Gerard 12:46, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Great work. The only thing I can say is really? You've really got all those sources and they really say all that? It all more or less falls in the category of the Fishman affidavits stuff I have read, so I believe you, but this stuff is still really hard to believe that people would really buy into it. Specifically the intro could use some citations, especially for this "It forms a major element of the beliefs of Scientology" and the next sentence. That may be really obvious to you, but it seems a central point in the article. Keep up the good work. - Taxman Talk 18:38, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * ChrisO has added a new section describing how Scientology has hammered home the space opera aspect of its doctrine in its publicity materials - David Gerard 12:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Agree with Taxman.  Anville 02:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Support, although the article itself is good, sections are of good size, there are too few pictures coming with the article. Deryck C. 09:18, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Suggestions are most welcomed! - David Gerard 12:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Commons has a decent selection of images. For example, Image:Formula one.jpg, suitably modified to remove the logos, could be used to replace Image:Fangio moss monza.jpg. --Carnildo 20:54, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ideally it'd need a racing pic from the '50s or '60s, I think, contemporaneous with Hubbard's lecture describing it. I'll be seeing what I can turn up. But crikey, we do have some very nice auto racing images on Commons ... - David Gerard 14:43, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Suport, for all the reasons listed above. WegianWarrior 09:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Suport. pamri 03:50, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment Could audio pronunciations be added? lots of issues  | leave me a message 23:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Umm, audio pronunciations of what exactly? -- ChrisO 00:28, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Some of Hubbard's neologisms, presumably (e.g. "Arslycus"). There are sites with some Hubbard audio on them; I'll see if any can be found - David Gerard 21:46, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * weak object. Some of this is good stuff, but some of the sections (e.g. most of the "goals") are so short that they should be combined, expanded, or removed altogether.  Right now, some of them have virtually no useful information.  Incidentally, it should be explained what a "goal" is. Dave (talk) 15:27, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't recommend combining the goals and incidents - the article effectively provides a catalogue of the principal such events that Hubbard describes. However, I agree with your point about explaining what the goals are, and I've done this now. -- ChrisO 20:58, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Could you add a descriptions of the confusion the goals allegedly cause? For example, if I'm supposed ""To End", "To be Dead", "To be Asleep", "To be Solid", "To be Sexual" and so on," what problems would that cause in me today?  Why is it important to "clear" all of these?  If this is added, I think I'll be ready to support. Dave (talk) 14:00, July 26, 2005 (UTC)


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Sign of the horns

The sign of the horns is a hand gesture with a variety of meanings and uses in various cultures. It is formed by extending the index and little fingers while holding the middle and ring fingers down with the thumb.

Religious and superstitious meaning

In Hatha Yoga, a similar hand gesture – with the tips of middle and ring finger touching the thumb – is known as Apāna Mudrā, a gesture believed to rejuvenate the body. In Indian classical dance forms, it symbolizes the lion. In Buddhism, the Karana Mudrā is seen as an apotropaic gesture to expel demons, remove negative energy, and ward off evil. It is commonly found on depictions of Gautama Buddha. It is also found on the Song dynasty statue of Laozi, the founder of Taoism, on Mount Qingyuan, China.

An apotropaic usage of the sign can be seen in Italy and in other Mediterranean cultures where, when confronted with unfortunate events, or simply when these events are mentioned, the sign of the horns may be given to ward off further bad luck. It is also used traditionally to counter or ward off the "evil eye" (malocchio). In Italy specifically, the gesture is known as the corna ('horns'). With fingers pointing down, it is a common Mediterranean apotropaic gesture, by which people seek protection in unlucky situations (a Mediterranean equivalent of knocking on wood). The President of the Italian Republic, Giovanni Leone, startled the media when, while in Naples during an outbreak of cholera, he shook the hands of patients with one hand while with the other behind his back he superstitiously made the corna, presumably to ward off the disease or in reaction to being confronted by such misfortune. Very often it is accompanied by a characteristic superstitious invocation: "Tèee!", a slang form derived from "Tiè!", "Tieni!", ("Hold it !"), second person of the imperative of the verb "Tenere" ("To Hold").

In Italy and other parts of the Mediterranean region, the gesture must usually be performed with the fingers tilting downward or in a leveled position not pointed at someone and without movement to signify the warding off of bad luck; in the same region and elsewhere, the gesture may take a different, offensive, and insulting meaning if it is performed with fingers upward or if directed aggressively towards someone especially in a swiveling motion (see section below).

The sign of the horns is used during religious rituals in Wicca, to invoke or represent the Horned god.

In LaVeyan Satanism, the sign of the horns is used as a traditional salutation, either for informal or ritual purposes.

Offensive gesture
In many Mediterranean and Latin countries, such as Colombia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Mexico,   when directed towards someone, pointed upward, and/or swiveled back and forth, the sign offensively implies cuckoldry in regard to the targeted individual; the common words for cuckolded in Greek, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are, respectively, κερατάς (keratas), cornuto, cornudo and corno, literally meaning "horned [one]". In this particular case, in Italy, the gesture is often accompanied by the invocation: "Cornuto!" ("Cuckold!"). As previously stated above, in Italy and certain other Mediterranean countries, the sign, often when pointing downwards, but occasionally also upwards, can serve also as a talismanic gesture to ward off bad luck. However, the positioning of the hand sign and the context in which it is used generally renders obvious to Italian and other Mediterranean people the meaning of the sign in a particular situation. During a European Union meeting in February 2002, Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi was photographed performing in a jocular manner the offensive "cornuto" version of gesture behind the back of Josep Piqué, the Spanish foreign minister.

Contemporary use by musicians and actors
There is a 1927 jazz recording by the New Orleans Owls, "Throwin' the Horns", on 78 rpm, Columbia 1261-D. It has a humorous vocal by two of the band members.

Ike Turner told in an interview that he used the sign in his piano playing on Howlin' Wolf's blues song "How Many More Years" in 1951.

Marlon Brando makes the sign whilst singing "Luck Be a Lady" in the 1955 film Guys and Dolls, seeming to indicate it was a sign for snake eyes in the craps game he is playing for the gamblers' souls.

The 1969 back album cover for Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls on Mercury Records by Chicago-based psychedelic-occult rock band Coven, led by singer Jinx Dawson, pictured Coven band members giving the "sign of the horns". According to a Facebook post by Dawson, she used the sign as early as late 1967 when Coven started, to which she posted a photo showing her giving the sign on stage.

Beginning in the early 1970s, the horns were known as the "P-Funk sign" to fans of Parliament-Funkadelic. It was used by George Clinton and Bootsy Collins as the password to the Mothership, a central element in Parliament's science-fiction mythology, and fans used it in return to show their enthusiasm for the band. Collins is depicted showing the P-Funk sign on the cover of his 1977 album Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!.

Heavy metal culture
Ronnie James Dio was known for popularizing the sign of the horns in heavy metal. He claimed his Italian grandmother used it to ward off the evil eye (which is known in Italy as malocchio). Dio began using the sign soon after joining the metal band Black Sabbath in 1979. The previous singer in the band, Ozzy Osbourne, was rather well known for using the "peace" sign at concerts, raising the index and middle finger in the form of a V. Dio, in an attempt to connect with the fans, wanted to similarly use a hand gesture. However, not wanting to copy Osbourne, he chose to use the sign his grandmother always made. The horns became famous in metal concerts very soon after Black Sabbath's first tour with Dio. The sign would later be appropriated by heavy metal fans.

Geezer Butler of Black Sabbath can be seen "raising the horns" in a photograph taken in 1969. The photograph is included in the CD booklet of the Symptom of the Universe: The Original Black Sabbath 1970–1978 compilation album. This would indicate that there had been some association between the "horns" and heavy metal before Dio's popularization of it. Although The Beatles aren’t directly associated with heavy metal, John Lennon can be seen doing the "horn-sign" in a photograph already two years prior to Butler. The photoshoot was done for the promotion for their upcoming cartoon movie Yellow Submarine in late 1967. The official movie poster of 1968 showing the Beatles in cartoon form depicts Lennon performing the same gesture.

When asked if he was the one who introduced the hand gesture to metal subculture, Dio said in a 2001 interview:

"I doubt very much if I would be the first one who ever did that. That's like saying I invented the wheel, I'm sure someone did that at some other point. I think you'd have to say that I made it fashionable. I used it so much and all the time and it had become my trademark until the Britney Spears audience decided to do it as well. So it kind of lost its meaning with that. But it was ... I was in Sabbath at the time. It was a symbol that I thought was reflective of what that band was supposed to be all about. It's not the devil's sign like we're here with the devil. It's an Italian thing I got from my Grandmother called the "Malocchio". It's to ward off the Evil Eye or to give the Evil Eye, depending on which way you do it. It's just a symbol but it had magical incantations and attitudes to it and I felt it worked very well with Sabbath. So I became very noted for it and then everybody else started to pick up on it and away it went. But I would never say I take credit for being the first to do it. I say because I did it so much that it became the symbol of rock and roll of some kind."

Gene Simmons of the rock group KISS attempted to claim the "devil horns" hand gesture for his own. According to CBS News, Simmons filed an application on June 16, 2017, with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a trademark on the hand gesture he regularly shows during concerts and public appearances—thumb, index, and pinky fingers extended, with the middle and ring fingers folded down (like the ILY sign meaning "I love you" in the American Sign Language). According to Simmons, this hand gesture was first commercially used—by him—on November 14, 1974. He claimed the hand gesture should be trademarked for "entertainment, namely live performances by a musical artist [and] personal appearances by a musical artist." Simmons abandoned this application on June 21, 2017.

The Japanese kawaii metal band Babymetal uses the kitsune sign, their own variation of the sign of the horns, symbolizing their personal deity, the Fox God. The middle, ring finger, and thumb join at the tips to form the snout, the extended index and pinky fingers are the ears. This gesture is similar in appearance to the salute of the Turanist Grey Wolves movement.

Electronic communication
In text-based electronic communication, the sign of the horns is represented with the,   or   emoticon and sometimes with. The Unicode character U+1F918 🤘 SIGN OF THE HORNS was introduced in Unicode 8.0 as an emoji, on June 17, 2015.

Gang hand signal

The "sign of the horns" hand gesture is used in criminal gang subcultures to indicate membership or affiliation with Mara Salvatrucha. The significance is both the resemblance of an inverted "devil horns" to the Latin letter 'M', and in the broader demonic connotation, of fierceness and nonconformity.

Sports culture

Hook 'em Horns is the slogan and hand signal of the University of Texas at Austin. Students and alumni of the university employ a greeting consisting of the phrase "Hook 'em" or "Hook 'em Horns" and also use the phrase as a parting good-bye or as the closing line in a letter or story. The gesture is meant to approximate the shape of the head and horns of the UT mascot, the Texas Longhorn Bevo. Rival schools such as Oklahoma Sooners, Aggies, etc. will turn the horns upside down meaning "Horns Down" as an insult to UT.

Fans of the University of South Florida Bulls use the same hand sign at their athletic events, except that the hand is turned around and facing the other way. With the middle and ring finger extending towards the person presenting the "Go Bulls" sign.

Fans of North Dakota State University Bison athletics also use a similar hand gesture, known as "Go Bison!" The pinky and index fingers are usually slightly bent, however, to mimic the shape of a bison's horns.

Fans of North Carolina State University Wolfpack athletics use a similar gesture with the middle and ring fingers moving up and down over the thumb to mimic a wolf's jaw.

Fans of University of California, Irvine Anteaters use a similar sign with the middle and ring fingers out to resemble the head of an anteater.

Fans of University of Nevada, Reno Wolf Pack athletics use a similar sign with the middle and ring fingers out to resemble the wolf's snout.

A variation of this hand gesture is also used in the professional wrestling industry, which fans dub the "Too Sweet". It was possibly innovated by Scott Hall and the other members of The Kliq based on the Turkish Grey Wolves (organization) organization hand gesture according to Sean Waltman, and has since been attributed to other wrestling groups such as the nWo and Bullet Club, as well as individual wrestlers such as Finn Bálor.

Fans of University of Utah athletics, particularly football and gymnastics, use a gesture where the index and pinky finger are straight and parallel to each other, forming a block "U."

Fans of Northwestern State University Demon athletics also use a similar hand gesture, known as "Fork 'em!" The pinky and index fingers are extended but a little more parallel to each other resembling the horns on a demon.

Arizona State University Sun Devil fans make a pitchfork sign by extending the index and middle fingers, as well as the pinky. The thumb holds down the ring finger to complete the gesture.

Fans of the Wichita State University Shockers frequently hold up their middle finger in addition to the pointer and pinky fingers as a reference to the comic sexual act.

Fans of the Grand Canyon University Antelopes use this hand gesture with a slight variation by touching the tips of the ring and middle finger with the thumb to form the shape of an antelope and its horns. Often followed by the phrase "Lopes up".

Fans of the Universidad de Chile soccer team use this gesture to represent their support for the team by forming a U-shaped hand gesture, often followed by the phrase "Grande la U".

Fans of University at Buffalo Buffalo Bulls athletics use the same hand sign at their athletic events. This gesture is meant to resemble a bull's horns.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sign of the horns


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Irish Republican Army

The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Organisations by this name have been dedicated to anti-imperialism through Irish republicanism, the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent republic free from British colonial rule.

The original Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), often now referred to as the "old IRA", was raised in 1917 from members of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army later reinforced by Irishmen formerly in the British Army in World War I, who returned to Ireland to fight against Britain in the Irish War of Independence. In Irish law, this IRA was the army of the revolutionary Irish Republic as declared by its parliament, Dáil Éireann, in 1919.

In the century that followed, the original IRA was reorganized, changed and split on multiple occasions, to such a degree that many subsequent paramilitary organisations have been known by that title – most notably the Provisional Irish Republican Army, which was a key participant during the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The contemporary IRA organisations each claim the sole right to the name, each insisting they are the original IRA's only legitimate descendant.

Overview of the IRAs
The playwright and former IRA member Brendan Behan once said that the first issue on any Irish organisation's agenda was "the split". For the IRA, that has often been the case. The first split came after the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921, with supporters of the Treaty forming the nucleus of the National Army of the newly created Irish Free State, while the anti-treaty forces continued to use the name Irish Republican Army. After the end of the Irish Civil War (1922–23), the IRA was around in one form or another for forty years, when it split into the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA in 1969. The latter then had its own breakaways, namely the Real IRA and the Continuity IRA, each claiming to be the true successor of the Army of the Irish Republic.
 * The Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), known as the "Old IRA", in later years, was recognized by the First Dáil as the legitimate army of the Irish Republic in April 1921 due to the fact that it had fought in the Irish War of Independence. On ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty by the Dáil, it split into pro-Treaty forces, the National Army, also known as the "Government forces" or the "Regulars", and anti-Treaty forces, "Republicans", "Irregulars" or "Executive forces" after the Treaty. These two forces went on to fight the Irish Civil War.
 * The Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), the anti-treaty IRA which fought and lost the civil war and thereafter refused to recognize either the Irish Free State or Northern Ireland, deemed both of them to be the creations of British imperialism. It existed in one form or another for over 40 years before it split in 1969.
 * The Official IRA (OIRA), the remainder of the IRA after the 1969 split from the Provisionals, was primarily Marxist in its political orientation. It is now inactive, while its political wing, Official Sinn Féin, became the Workers' Party (Ireland).
 * The Provisional IRA (PIRA) broke from the OIRA in 1969 due to abstentionism and differing views on how to deal with the increasing violence in Northern Ireland. Although it opposed the OIRA's Marxism, it came to develop a left-wing orientation and it also increased its political activity.
 * The Continuity IRA (CIRA) broke from the PIRA in 1986, because the latter ended its policy on abstentionism (thus recognizing the authority of the Republic of Ireland).
 * The Real IRA (RIRA), a 1997 breakaway from the PIRA consisting of members opposed to the Northern Ireland peace process.
 * In April 2011, former members of the Provisional IRA announced a resumption of hostilities, and that "they had now taken on the mantle of the mainstream IRA". They further claimed; "We continue to do so under the name of the Irish Republican Army. We are the IRA" and insisted that they "were entirely separate from the Real IRA, Óglaigh na hÉireann (ONH) and the Continuity IRA". They claimed responsibility for the April assassination of PSNI constable Ronan Kerr as well as responsibility for other attacks that had previously been claimed by the Real IRA and ONH.
 * The New IRA, which was formed as a merger between the Real IRA and other republican groups in 2012 (see Real IRA).

Genealogy of the IRA and its splits
The IRA and its splinter groups include:
 * Original IRA (the "old IRA") – fought in the War of Independence 1919–1921
 * That part of the IRA that accepted the compromise of the 1921 treaty which established the Irish Free State and that became the initial Free State government. The pro-treaty faction of Sinn Féin led by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins shortly thereafter formed itself into the Cumann na nGaedheal party under W. T. Cosgrave. With additional recruits, its military supporters became the National Army, later known as the Irish Defence Forces. Cumann na nGaedheal merged with other groups in 1933 to form Fine Gael Party, currently the third largest party in the Republic of Ireland.
 * That part of the original IRA organised within Northern Ireland not included within the Free State (see below).
 * That part of the IRA, organised within the twenty-six counties that became the Free State, which rejected the compromise of the 1921 treaty with Britain. Under Liam Lynch, it fought the Irish Civil War against the Free State's National Army (led by Michael Collins), with the support of the anti-treaty faction of Sinn Féin led by Éamon de Valera.
 * Some years after losing the Civil War a faction led by de Valera resigned from Sinn Féin and established the Fianna Fáil party in 1926, which is among the largest parties in the Republic of Ireland.
 * In the 1930s, the remainder of the IRA, including that part of the Old IRA organised within Northern Ireland, attempted a bombing campaign in Britain, a campaign in Northern Ireland (after a change in leadership to the north) and some military activities in the Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). After a period of poor relations, the symbiotic relationship between Sinn Féin and the IRA was re-established in the late 1930s.
 * By the 1960s, after the failed border campaign, Sinn Féin moved towards a Marxist class struggle outlook. With the outbreak of the Troubles, Sinn Féin, or as it came to be called after the formation of the Provisional IRA and Provisional Sinn Féin, Official IRA / Official Sinn Féin, found itself sidelined because of its decision not to engage the British state militarily. Over time the Official IRA faded away, while Official Sinn Féin moved to a purely Marxist position, renaming itself first Sinn Féin the Workers Party, and then in 1982 the Workers' Party.
 * After the Official IRA's 1972 ceasefire, it and Official Sinn Féin suffered a split in 1974 leading to the formation of the far left Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) and Irish Republican Socialist Party, led by Seamus Costello (later assassinated by the Official IRA during a bloody feud). The INLA was known for a series of internal feuds and some of the more sectarian killings by Irish nationalists.
 * In 1986, the Irish People's Liberation Organisation split from the INLA.
 * In 1992, the Workers' Party suffered a split when a majority faction failed to secure changes. They left and formed the Democratic Left. Ultimately, the Democratic Left merged into the Labour Party.
 * In 1969, the more traditionalist republican members split off into the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin. The Provisional IRA operated mostly in Northern Ireland, using violence against the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the British Army, and British institutions and economic targets. They also killed members of the Irish Army and the Garda Síochána (the Republic's police force), which was against one of their standing orders.
 * A further split occurred in 1986 when the former leader of Sinn Féin Ruairí Ó Brádaigh – who was replaced by Gerry Adams in 1983 – walked out of the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis after delegates voted to end the policy of abstentionism from Dáil Éireann. The followers of Ó Brádaigh, who adhere to republican legitimatism and oppose Sinn Féin's decision to abandon abstentionism, set up a rival party and military wing called Republican Sinn Féin and the Continuity IRA.
 * In 2006, the Irish Republican Liberation Army, Óglaigh na hÉireann and Saoirse na hÉireann split from the Continuity IRA.
 * In 1997, Members of the Provisional IRA who did not accept the peace process split off to form the Real IRA. Its political wing is the 32 County Sovereignty Movement.
 * In 2009, Óglaigh na hÉireann split from the Real IRA.
 * In 2012, the Real IRA merged with other republican groups including the Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD) to form the New IRA.
 * In 2011, according to the Belfast Telegraph, former members of the Provisional IRA announced a resumption of hostilities under the name "Irish Republican Army".

title: Irish Republican Army


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Talk:Songs of Faith and Devotion Live

"It is also criticized because..."
"It is also criticized because most of the songs appearing on the album do not differ significantly from the studio versions."

This is untrue, most of the tracks on this live disc are 2-3 minutes longer than their studio counterpart and have been re-arranged (Mercy in You, Walking in My Shoes, and I Feel You being the obvious cases). Davis Hurley 3:09, 18 July 2005 (PDT)

title: Talk:Songs of Faith and Devotion Live


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Dash Point, Washington

Dash Point is an unincorporated community in Pierce County, Washington, United States. Because it is not incorporated, no census population figures are available. Dash Point is a residential area surrounded by Puget Sound to the north, Dash Point State Park to the east, and the city of Tacoma to the south and west. Dash Point is located across Commencement Bay from downtown Tacoma.

Dash Point relies entirely on Tacoma for city services, and lacks a town center of its own. Although Dash Point is located in Pierce County, Dash Point State Park is located in neighboring King County.

History
Prior to being known as Dash Point the area was known as lson Landing, Fairview Beach, and Woodstock Beach. The origin of the name Dash Point is unclear. The area was named Dash Point on official maps by 1877.

The land was sold by the McLeod family to the State of Washington in the late 1940s for use as a park. The park was dedicated and developed in 1962 for the Seattle World's Fair.

Education
The area is served by Tacoma Public Schools, a public school district. It is zoned to Browns Point Elementary School, Meeker Middle School, and Stadium High School.

title: Dash Point, Washington


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Levo

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 19:25, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Levo
Seems to be vanity of a non notable person or just non sensical article. Seems a bit random and brings up only hits in a another language on google. Jobe6 22:11, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - Well it not notable. Jobe6 22:12, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, patent nonsense and/or short article without context. Dcarrano 00:22, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. 1983-2649? That's patent nonsense. Pburka 00:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense, this should have been speedied. JamesBurns 08:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Levo


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Avord Air Base

Avord Air Base or BA 702 (Base Aérienne 702 Capitaine Georges Madon), named after Captain Georges Madon, is a base of the French Air and Space Force  (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) located 2.8 km north northwest of Avord in central France.

Airbase 702 hosts about 2,500 personnel (French Air and Space Force military and some civilian). Because of its strategic location in the middle of France it is extremely suitable as a multi purpose base. It has a single runway 06/24, 3503 x.

Units on the base

 * Escadron de détection et de contrôle aéroportés 36 Berry which flies the Boeing E-3F
 * Its role is to carry out airborne surveillance, and command, control and communications (C3) functions for both tactical and air defense forces. The French designation is E-3 SDA (Systeme de Detection Aeroporté). Additional units attached: mission support flight, training flight, technical flight support and logistic flight.
 * École de L'Aviation de Transport 319 Capitaine Jean Dartiques flying the Embraer EMB 121 Xingu
 * Escadron D'Instruction en Vol Fourchambault

The base perimeter contains some maximum-security zones with:
 * A Special Ammuniations Storage (SAS) or dépôt atelier munitions spécialisées (DAMS). Storage of appx. 60 of FAF's stockpile of Air-Sol Moyenne Portée ASMP nuclear midrange air ground missiles.
 * Two hardened alert facilities. One is hosting for Dassault Mirage 2000N combat aircraft, normally home based at Istres Air Base (BA 125) or at Luxeuil - Saint-Sauveur Air Base (BA 116). These planes are detached here on a rotating cycles to comply to the French nuclear deterrence mission. The other facility hosts E-3F airplanes and KC-135 tankers, normally home based at Istres, but detached to Avord AB to be used with some AWACS and strike missions.

Other support units:
 * technical maintenance depot.
 * entrepôt de munition de l'armée de l'air Savigny-en-Septaine, a conventional ammo storage unit.
 * 1H.702 firefighting/rescue and nuclear decontamination unit.
 * 12.802 strategic telecom unit.
 * 02.950 air defense sqn (escadron de défense sol-air) Sancerre equipped with the Crotale and MBDA Mistral short range air defense systems.
 * 1G.702 security squadron (escadron de protection) Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air responsible for security and base protection.

title: Avord Air Base


text: User talk:80.74.162.72

title: User talk:80.74.162.72


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Home, Washington

Home is a census-designated place in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The 2010 Census placed the population at 1,377. The community lies on the Key Peninsula and borders the waters of Carr Inlet, an extension of Puget Sound. Home is now primarily a town of beach homes, although around the turn of the twentieth century, it was considered a model, utopian community of anarchists.

Settlement
After the failure of the industrial cooperative colony Glennis located east of Eatonville, three former Glennisites — George H. Allen, Oliver A. Verity, and B. F. O'Dell — set out in the summer of 1895 into Puget Sound on a rowboat they built themselves to find an isolated location for a new community. Home was one of about two hundred similar communities that sprung up in America in the late 1800s.

They decided upon Von Geldern Cove (also known as Joe's Bay) as the site for their new Home Colony, which would be an intentional community based on anarchist philosophy. The founders purchased 26 acre there at $7 an acre, working odd jobs to pay for it. By 1896, their families had joined them and cabins were constructed.

By 1898 a land buying corporation was set up called the Mutual Home Association, whose Articles of Incorporation and Agreement stated their purpose as "to assist its members in obtaining and building homes for themselves and to aid in establishing better social and moral conditions." Land was apportioned to those who became members of the Association, agreeing to its anarchist ideals and to pay for their lot. The title to each member's land would stay with the Association; however this was changed in 1909. The Association also held title to a meeting hall, called Liberty Hall, and a trading post.

Land plots
When Home was plotted in 1901 it had increased in size to 217 acre and had become home to anarchists, communists, food faddists, freethinkers, nudists, and others who did not fit in with mainstream society. Elbert Hubbard, anarchist Emma Goldman, and national communist leader William Z. Foster visited and gave lectures.

Some high-profile anarchists and free thinkers lived, raised families and wrote about the free thinking anarchist movement in Home. Such individuals brought their share of scandal and intrigue to the community. One such figure was Gertie Vose, who once lived in Portland and contributed to The Firebrand (alongside other notable anarchists like Jay Fox and Emma Goldman). Her move to the Home colony was thought to be motivated by her son, Donald Vose. He was said to be a shy, lonely kid and Gertie thought a move to the anarchist friendly area would improve his social skills and make him more comfortable with her beliefs. Gertie quickly established her place in this community by contributing to one of Home's newspapers, The Discontent, and by organizing meetings and entertaining visitors. Gertie Vose also became good friends with fellow anarchist and writer, Emma Goldman. They kept in touch for many years and Goldman wrote about her friendship with Gertie and her less amiable relationship with Donald. Donald Vose was a less harmonious addition to the community which contrasted with his mother's flourishing role in the colony. He was described as "irresponsible, lazy and bumblingly inept at everything he tried." Home was showing signs of splintering as people with differing views and ideology began to separate and disperse.

Following the assassination of President McKinley by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901, the community came under scrutiny from outsiders, especially newspapers in nearby Tacoma. Inflammatory articles led to threats being made by a vigilante committee called the Loyal League formed by members of the Grand Army of the Republic, who planned to invade the colony by steamboat and "put it to the torch." They were stopped when the steamboat owner refused to take them.

Comstock Act
In 1902, after charges of violation of the Comstock Act resulting from an article advocating free-love published in the local anarchist newspaper Discontent: Mother of Progress, Home's post office was closed by postal inspectors and moved 2 mi to the smaller town of Lakebay. The people of Home were labeled "vicious" by officials, and thus people like the citizens of Tacoma, Washington believed the community was detrimental to moral values.

The radical feminist Lois Waisbrooker was a resident of Home during a later phase of her controversial career (1901 to 1904), and was involved in the prosecution that led to the closing of the Home post office. Emma Goldman was also a radical ideologue who studied the works of people like Walt Whitman and thus disseminated the idea of "sexual intermediacy". Waisbrooker and Goldman and other women like them exemplified feminist ideology that fit into the larger anarchist canon that had developed in 20th century America.

Divisions
The Association became divided into disagreeing factions called "nudes" and "prudes." The two factions were coined in a series of editorials in the Home newspaper The Agitator in which editor Jay Fox defended Homeites arrested in 1911 for nude swimming — and nude swimming in general — against those in Home who had reported them to county authorities. This division between conservative and more liberal factions of the colony contributed greatly to the colony's decline in 1919. Because of these editorials, Fox was charged with the misdemeanor of encouraging or advocating disrespect for law or for any court or courts of justice and jailed for two months. Not only was the colony fracturing from within but public opinion outside of Home was less than favorable. Many people saw the disagreement totally arbitrary seeing as it was discussing people being nude in public and that was socially unacceptable outside of the community. The Agitator ran stories that dealt with things like the Hay Market riot in Chicago and other instances of injustice against the anarchist movement. When Jay Fox moved from Home, WA to Chicago he took his paper with him and renamed it The Syndicalist.

The debate over Home's clothing-optional policies was a common theme in communities like this across the country. In most cases the free-love lifestyle that anarchists strived for came into conflict with the strict cultural norms of the mainstream. These communities "withered as a result of public hostility as well as internal disagreement over ideology and practice."

As people in the colony became more divided on their views of anarchism the colony began to fracture. The "nudes and prudes" debate made it clear that the colony was not living in a cohesive utopia, but rather a complicated collection of similar people who could not fully reconcile their differing interpretations of anarchism. In 1919 the Association was dissolved and the anarchist community, as it was, dissolved as well. The July 27, 1919, Omaha Daily Bee reported the event as "Free Love Colony Dissolved by Court."

title: Home, Washington


text:
User talk:Neishy

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! , SqueakBox 22:15, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Neishy


text:
Talk:Anthony Tudor

Untitled
Antony Tudor is spelled without an "h" in the first name. I corrected body of page, but was not able to edit the heading. How do I do that?

 * There is a page for "Antony Tudor", so we have 2 separate pages with different content and different spelling of his surname. They need to be merged (or whatever the technical term is).   JackofOz 01:19, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Antony seems to be the correct spelling judging by other websites. The content of this article is already present in the new one, the only thing missing was the image which I just added. Should I go ahead and make this a redirect to Antony Tudor? --Perkmashin 01:39, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthony Tudor


text:
Alexandair

Alexandair was a charter airline headquartered in Athens, Greece. It operated charter services on a wet-lease basis for major tour operators. Its main base was Heraklion International Airport. The airline suspended operations in September 2007.

History
The airline company was founded in 2004 with the objective to execute air transport of passengers and cargo. Founder of the airline is Capt. Theodore Kokmotos, president and managing director.

2005: After the completion of all the procedures with the Hellenic Civil Aviation (HCAA), the airline obtained the two certificates (Air Operator Certificate and Operating License) and leased an aircraft Boeing MD-82 of 161 seats.

Since May 2005 until 2008 the company operates charter flights, in cooperation with the biggest tour operators, mostly from airports of Greek islands to several European destinations.

During the winter period 2005–2006 operated charter flights connecting North Iraq with European cities.

During the winter period 2006–2007 operated charter flights based at Nairobi of Kenya to other capitals of Africa.

Destinations
Alexandair operated charter services from Chania, Corfu, Heraklion, Kos, Thessaloniki, Rhodes and Erbil in North Iraq and Nairobi in Kenya.

Fleet

 * 1 McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (SX-BMP)
 * 1 McDonnell Douglas MD-83

title: Alexandair


text:
Talk:Release management

Merging
Quixi (talk) 17:46, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Article merged: See old talk-page here — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kharnagy (talk • contribs) 20:50, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

Hello

I also share the opintion to NOT merge the two articles.

However I do understand that both articles are somewhat overlapping and should be re-written as follows:

- One article should focus specifically in Release Management within Software Engineering - The other article should focus on Release Mangement from an ITSM Point of view and should therefore also be renamed to "Release Management (ITSM) like a similar article exists e.g. for "Change Management (ITSM)"

This would clearly separate the two articles from each other, each providing the details for it's specific need.

This is basically nothing else than a short summary of the information below.

--May08pub (talk) 14:36, 6 August 2008 (UTC) Hello. I would concur on not merging. ==Vote not to merge==

Simply stated there are definite and distinguishing differences between Release Management and "a" Release Management Method.

Release Management is a discipline in a field of work such as Information Technology (IT) or Manufacturing etc.. which involves the use of Standards, Processed, Procedures, Frameworks and/or "Methods", whereas a method is:

 * 1) a procedure, technique, or way of doing something, esp. in accordance with a definite plan: There are three possible methods of repairing this motor.
 * 2) a manner or mode of procedure, esp. an orderly, logical, or systematic way of instruction, inquiry, investigation, experiment, presentation, etc.: the empirical method of inquiry.
 * 3) order or system in doing anything: to work with method.
 * 4) orderly or systematic arrangement, sequence, or the like.
 * 5) the Method. Also called Stanislavski Method, Stanislavski System. a theory and technique of acting in which the performer identifies with the character to be portrayed and renders the part in a naturalistic, nondeclamatory, and highly individualized manner.

Definition- Method

Release Management can involve the implementation and use of particular or specific methods, however; a method can not perform the roles & responsibilities associated with a Discipline as a method has no skills or competencies which it can exercise as it is not human. Release Management is the discipline Humans practice in thier respective fields of work employing Release Management methods - not the opposite way.

Steven Seim 17:33, 8 October 2007 (UTC)== Vote not to merge ==

Hello. I would suggest that the article stay as is and not be moved.

Bodies of knowledge such as ITIL, SMF, et al cover release management, but the application of the knowledge is dependent on the environment the release manager finds themselves in. This is amplified no small amount when globalization/localization is involved, and this is rarely covered as part of the release process.

Accounting for project scope is also a factor in relation to steps and process. Release managers handle very large projects to simple applets released to web. Not all suggested guidelines and steps are necessary.

If it can be accepted that the Hardware/Software/Service lifecycle boils down to a core of:

Envision Develop Release Sustain Retire [and/or] Replace

it can (or should) be accepted that release management varies in accordance to:

Company Division Unit Team

This article in my opinion covers the core and should not be moved nor merged. If anything, amp up release topics that are more difficult to quantify and make explicit, such as relationship management, negotiation, et al. It may be worth noting that release managers working in a cross group environment need to know varying tool suites again in accordance to:

Division Unit Team

Thank you. Steven Seim

Not copyvio after all
Original author got back to me via email (in reply to my mail to the address on the original article, so I believe that this is a genuine release of the material under the GFDL). I'll try to NPOVify and re-structure it and comment on the VfD page. -Harmil 22:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Was not the copyright infringement angle already discussed and decided? Why is this marked as copyvio again? 173.50.233.227 (talk) 15:39, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

I believe User:Scoudi is the same person as Sudesh Oudi, one of the authors of the work which is referenced as possible copyvio source. You will notice the person also self-contributed extremely similar images under CC here as well. 173.50.233.227 (talk) 15:52, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Vote decision
I see two votes for keep, one for cleanup and two votes for transwiki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Release_Management So how come the decision was for transwiki?

Update
I went in and cleaned some things up, I think it's a little better now. How can we go about getting this untranswikied or whatever? - jlittle227 1 January 2006

 * How about adding it to category Software development process and ask whoever is active on that page? You have to be cautious to avoid it being wiped again. --15:50, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Conflict with ITIL language
This page is about release management in the SDLC; however ITIL uses the term Release Management to mean something substantially different. The Quest Best Practices whitepaper linked is actually on that kind of release management. Is a disambiguation page the correct solution? To an non-computer/IT person, the distinction isn't going to be really obvious.

Henry Troup 23:59, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Vote for merger with Release Management Method
I feel that there is much overlap between the two articles. As such, the concept of Release Management is a more central one and term is more widely accepted than Release Mangaement Method. In Software Engineering, one deals with the specific aspects given in the article of Release Management Method. Hence I would suggest that the articles are merged as one "Release Management" article for the benefit of the readers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.12.53.9 (talk) 16:45, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

I had forgotten to sign this post.

Aditya Agrawal —Preceding unsigned comment added by Adimax24 (talk • contribs) 16:49, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Software Release Management involves the process of Managing the Entire Release Process. In terms of Agile Release Manager is the Pig of Release Process. Hence it is imperative that this be dealt with a separate article exclusively rather than merging it. My vote is do not merge.--> — Preceding unsigned comment added by PuneetMathur (talk • contribs) 10:10, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. MLauba (Talk) 11:02, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

Definition of 'release' is not available anywhere
Perhaps the definition of 'release' is a prerequisite to release management. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Agile-enthusiast (talk • contribs) 01:48, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

Depicted scheme currently not in english language
The depicted scheme is currently not in english language. 89.245.155.54 (talk) 08:00, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I noticed that… (Or at least, not _wholly_ in English.)  Most terms are similar enough to be fairly understandable, but at least one stands out and needs explanation — or, preferably, translation!  Is there any reason not to replace the (I assume) Swedish scheme with an English one? Gidds (talk) 11:22, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Release management


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Julius Norvila

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted. --Dmcdevit·t 07:07, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Julius Norvila
This is clearly vanity and he only gives his email address out. Also brings up few hits on google relating to the Eduardo Norvila. Jobe6 22:16, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - Non notable vanity. Jobe6 22:16, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, test page or very short article with no context. Dcarrano 00:24, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Agree with Dcarrano. Pburka 00:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy no content. --Etacar11 01:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete stub vanity, should have been speedied for little or no content. JamesBurns 08:25, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:American spies

title: Category:American spies


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tali Hatuel

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 03:54, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Tali Hatuel
While this represents a personal tragedy for all those in her family I dont see why she is particularly notable, now why this event / person merits its own separate page. This is an Encyclopedia - not the home for a tribute page for every victim of violence the world over - no matter how sad. 62.253.64.14 22:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * What bothers me more than anything is why an anonymous user's set-up for a vote should be taken seriously at all. Who the heck are you bud and why are you afraid to register for a regular Wikipedia ID??? IZAK 05:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Because I saw what happened to Yuber and how he was harassed off the board? Create a climate of fear and you get users too afraid to log in. Shrug. 62.253.64.15 07:10, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Aw Shuks, lemme give you a pacifier too! Listen bud, Yuber broke all the rules around here, he wasn't some "innocent" babe in the woods, but maybe you are, so why don't you come out of hiding darling...? IZAK 08:19, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * IZAK - if you can put aside the sarcasm for a minute and look at the behaviour of your fellow travellers on wikipedia:
 * From the Tali Hatuel History page - after I proposed this VfD
 * # (cur) (last) 02:03, 19 July 2005 Guy Montag m (fuck off)
 * # (cur) (last) 22:14, 18 July 2005 62.253.64.14
 * So what do you want me to do fuck off or get a login? Dont tell me ... "get a login and then fuck off"?
 * I'm open to offers. 62.253.64.14 17:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

By your actions, you have already proven yourself to be a worthless editor. Don't register, don't even read wikipedia. I don't need another Yuber around here.

Guy Montag 18:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. While researching this tragedy on the Web I was led to the Wikipedia page and found it very useful.  An encyclopedia article that contributes to research (I'm a Ph.D. criminologist) is worthwhile, indeed.
 * Keep. While most of the thousands of deaths in this conflict are not notable, this one in particular is. The gruesome cold-bloodedness of the deliberate killing of a pregnant woman and her 4 young daughters caught the world's attention; it made all the news stories, and is still referred to years later, getting 5750 Google hits.  It had a huge impact on the Israeli populace, and was significant enought that Amnesty International referred to it specifically as a "crime against humanity". Jayjg (talk)  23:14, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable for the media attention it attracted james gibbon  23:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I think the links at the bottom of the article are sufficient citations to show the subject is notable. — Asbestos | Talk  23:43, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is clearly notable. SlimVirgin (talk) 00:39, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with Jayjg. BTW, votes by anons are not counted, so why are we allowing to nominate an article for VFD to someone who didn't even bother to register?  ←Humus sapiens←Talk 02:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for all the above reasons cited by those above. IZAK 05:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. – Smyth\talk 09:57, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP This is both notable and the fact that an anon has initiated this ridiculous vfd to prove a point makes this disgusting. Guy Montag 18:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * And exactly what point would that be? How about a litle judicious application of the wikipedia guideline assume good faith? 62.253.64.14 18:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Your point is that you are a vicious anti Israel pov pusher who is angry that there is an article about someone your precious Palestinians murdered.

Guy Montag 19:08, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think all human life is precious. Palestinian or not. Don't you? 62.253.64.14 19:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. It's time for Guy Montag to be censured. Grace Note 05:36, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. While all the deaths are important to remember this one in particular is simply so gruesome, so brutal and so unimaginable. Even more surprising about this horrific crime is how it was so under reported. All the more reason to keep. (User:Cosmo919, on his first edit ever, forgot to sign)

 * Obvious keep - Alas, Guy Montag seems to have gone insane, This was never going to get removed. --Irishpunktom\talk 15:03, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Rick Ley

Richard Norman Ley (born November 2, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) and World Hockey Association (WHA).

Playing career
Ley was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the third round (16th overall) in the 1966 NHL Amateur Draft. He played four seasons with the Maple Leafs (1968–69 to 1971–72) in the NHL before leaving to play with the New England Whalers of the WHA. He would remain with the Whalers' organisation in the WHA until that league folded in 1979. The Whalers, along with three other teams from the WHA's remaining six, were absorbed into the NHL in 1979. Ley made the transition with the New England Whalers (who would become the Hartford Whalers) and finished his professional playing career in 1981.

Ley spent six years as the Whalers' captain and was one of three players in Hartford Whalers' history to have his jersey number retired (#2), joining Gordie Howe and John McKenzie. Following the Whalers move to Raleigh, the Hurricanes ceased to honor Ley's #2 and McKenzie's #19, and returned the numbers to circulation, although #2 was re-retired by the Hurricanes, this time in honor of Glen Wesley.

Ley and his wife Ellen have a daughter, Kathleen.

Honours
In 2010, he was elected as an inaugural inductee into the World Hockey Association Hall of Fame.

Coaching career
Ley began his coaching career in International Hockey League, where he coached the Muskegon Lumberjacks to four first-place finishes and one championship during his tenure between 1984 and 1988. He was then hired by former Leafs defence partner Pat Quinn to coach the Vancouver Canucks IHL affiliate in Milwaukee.

After one season there, Ley was the coach of the Hartford Whalers for 2 seasons from 1989 to 1991, leading them to consecutive 4th-place finishes and first round playoff defeats at the hands of their New England rival the Boston Bruins in both seasons.

Ley then rejoined the Canucks. After serving as an assistant coach under Quinn for three seasons from 1991–92 to 1993–94, Ley became the 12th head coach in Vancouver Canucks' history on August 10, 1994. In 121 regular season games as head coach, the Canucks posted a record of 47–48–26. He also served the Canucks in a professional scouting capacity in 1996–97 and 1997–98.

In 1998, he was once again hired by Quinn as an assistant coach with the Toronto Maple Leafs and held that role for eight seasons until he was relieved of his duties at the conclusion of the 2005–06 season.

title: Rick Ley


text:
Talk:G-test

Feasibility of Fisher Exact test
Before writing the words below, I ran several such calculations using this web-based application: http://home.clara.net/sisa/twoby2.htm with the Firefox browser: for examples in which all cells had values between 10,000 and 20,000 it took about 30 seconds to finish the calculations.

For example, a laptop with a 1.7 Ghz Pentium and 1 GB of RAM, specifications not considered particularly high end in 2006, can readily handle cases of the Fisher exact test in which each cell's value is around 10,000 with commonly available statistical software.

 * Reverted as off topic. not really about G-test. Pete.Hurd 17:31, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

similarity to Kullback-Leibler divergence
Does the G-test and the Kullback-Leibler divergence mean the same but from another point of view?
 * It seems that they are the same thing. --Memming (talk) 18:58, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

G^2
Note that the "G-test" is referred to as the G^2 (g-squared) test (at least in psychology-related statistics).
 * Humph. I've never seen that - please give a reference.  seglea 23:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

To name few references to G^2 in psychological stats (this is common in multinomial modeling work in the memory literature and is becoming more common in fitting other types of models as well):

Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998. Using Excel to estimate parameters from observed data: An example from source memory data. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 1998, 30 (3), 517-526.

Batchelder & Reifer, 1999. Theoretical and empirical review of multinomial process tree modeling. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6(1), 57-86.

Bayen, Murane, & Erdfelder. (1996). Source Discrimination, Item Detection, and Multinomial Models of Source Monitoring. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1996, Vol. 22, No. 1, 197-215.

Erdfelder & Buchner. (1998). Process-Dissociation Measurement Models: Threshold Theory or Detection Theory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127(1), 83-96.

fisher.g.test in GeneTS not G-test as described?
fisher.g.test implemented in GeneTS is an exact test for whether a time series is different from Gaussian white noise, not the alternative to the chi-square test as described.

Where does the 2 come from?
I've been trying to work out how Pearson's formula is an approximation for this test.

$$\ln(1 + x) \approx x $$ (for small x)

$$G = 2 \sum_i O_i \ln (O_i / E_i)$$

$$= 2 \sum_i O_i \ln (1 + \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i})$$

$$\approx 2 \sum_i O_i \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i}$$

$$= 2 \sum_i \frac{O_i}{E_i} (O_i - E_i) - 2 \sum_i (O_i - E_i)$$ (since $$\sum_i (O_i - E_i) = 0$$)

$$= 2 \sum_i \frac{O_i}{E_i} (O_i - E_i) - (O_i - E_i)$$

$$= 2 \sum_i \frac{O_i - E_i}{E_i} (O_i - E_i)$$

$$= 2 \sum_i \frac{(O_i - E_i)^2}{E_i}$$

This is the formula for $$\chi^2$$, except that the factor of 2 is still there. What was my error? Thanks! — ciphergoth 14:11, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Your approximation for ln(1+x) at $$\approx$$ wasn't good enough; it roughly works for each term, but its error for positive and negative numbers reinforces is enough for the factor of 2. Taking the -x^2/2 term  and another approximation should get you there. --Henrygb 15:01, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Then please tell me where is my error:

$$\ln(1 + x) \approx x - \frac{x^2}{2}$$ (for small x)

$$G = 2 \sum_i O_i \ln (O_i / E_i)$$

$$= 2 \sum_i O_i \ln (1 + \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} )$$

$$\approx 2 \sum_i O_i ( \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} - \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{2 E_i^2})$$

$$= 2 \sum_i \frac{O_i}{2} ( 2 \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} - \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i^2})$$

$$= \sum_i O_i ( 1 -1 + 2 \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} - \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i^2})$$

$$= \sum_i O_i ( 1 - (1 - \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i})^2 )$$

$$= \sum_i O_i - \sum_i O_i ( \frac{O_i}{E_i})^2 )$$

$$= n - \sum_i \frac{O_i^3}{E_i^2} $$

 * You made a mistake in the one-before-last equality:
 * $$1 - \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} \neq \frac{O_i}{E_i}$$  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.69.46.105 (talk) 07:38, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Then please tell me where is my error:

$$G = \sum_i O_i ( 1 - (1 - \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i})^2 )$$

$$= \sum_i O_i ( 1 + 1 - \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i}) ( 1 - 1 + \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i})$$

$$= \sum_i O_i \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} ( 2 - \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i})$$

$$= 2\sum_i O_i \frac{O_i-E_i}{E_i} - \sum_i \frac{O_i}{E_i} \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i}$$

$$= 2\sum_i \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i} - \sum_i \frac{O_i}{E_i} \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i}$$

$$= \sum_i \frac{(O_i-E_i)^2}{E_i} ( 2 - \frac{O_i}{E_i})$$

More precise stating of distribution of G under null hypothesis
This sentence should be made more precise
 * Given the null hypothesis that the observed frequencies result from random sampling from a distribution with the given expected frequencies, the distribution of G is approximately that of chi-squared, with the same number of degrees of freedom as in the corresponding chi-squared test.

Does it converge in distribution? So does the $$ \chi^2 $$ statistic, right? Is the asymptotic rate of convergence quicker for $$ G $$ than for $$ \chi^2 $$? I don't have any references on $$ G $$ so I'm afraid I won't be of any help answering these questions.

Andyrew609 19:39, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

splitting of the G statistics
I am currently going through agrasti's: Categorical Data Analysis (2002) and at page 82 he gies a clean explanation on how to partition the G statistic (p.s: be aware that on the 2007 edition on the book, most of this section was cut - so don't bother looking for it there)

This partitioning is useful - so it might be worth noting in the article... Talgalili —Preceding unsigned comment added by Talgalili (talk • contribs) 17:38, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Maybe a squeamish comment about notation
It should be correct in the G formulae to write the bigger brackets outside the summation operator and containing the whole expression of the terms using indexes.

How to handle zero frequencies in observations?
Since in the formula

$$ G = 2\sum_{i} {O_i \cdot \ln(O_i/E_i) }$$

the logarithm is used, how terms are handled where $$ O_i = 0$$?

 * I guess you should use Pearson's in that case, as implicitly recommended for small $$ | O_i - E_i | $$: “[T]he approximation to the theoretical chi-square distribution for the G-test is better than for the Pearson chi-squared tests in cases where for any cell |Oi − Ei | > Ei, and in any such case the G-test should always be used.”
 * l0b0 (talk) 15:45, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

If $$ O_i = 0$$ the term $${O_i \cdot \ln(O_i/E_i) }$$ in the sum should be counted as zero. Entropeter (talk) 20:25, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Better introduction
The opening paragraph never mentions that the "cells" it refers to are contingency table cells. Holopoj (talk) 21:01, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

Rolf and Sokal's incredibly late mention of the G test remotely notable?
The G-test (though not under that name) has been recommended (by comparison with the chi-square test) since its development in the 1930s. How on earth does a mention of it by Rohlf and Sokal -- nearly half a century late to the party -- count as notable? Their books are widely known in some application areas perhaps and so that mention might perhaps be the first major push for the G-test in those areas -- but again, so what? Why would it be important to flag how late those areas understood what had been going on in statistics nearly 5 decades before? How does that belong anywhere in an article on the G-test, let alone "above the fold"? Is there any evidence this recommendation by Rohlf and Sokal substantially influenced practice among *statisticians* (rather than people working in some application area)?

If this part is to stay it needs some support for notability.Glenbarnett (talk) 07:07, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

Why G-test?
The page says the test is "increasingly being used in situations where chi-squared tests were previously recommended." Why? dfrankow (talk) 16:04, 9 May 2017 (UTC)

Historical comment
I removed the sentence "This approximation was developed by Karl Pearson because at the time it was unduly laborious to calculate log-likelihood ratios." from the Relation to the chi-squared tests section. The reason is that there is no citation to this claim. According to Johnson and Kotz, Pearson's developed the chi-square statistic by using geometrical consideration. Moreover, Stigler notes the first apearences of the term "likelihood" in a mathematical sence was in two papers by Fisher in 1921 and 1922. The concept of likelihood ratio first apeared in papers by E. Pearson and J. Neyman, later in the 1920's.

יוסי לוי (talk) 10:55, 10 December 2018 (UTC)

Woolf (1957)
The article currently fails to mention the original paper that coined the term "G-test": Woolf, B. (1957). The log likelihood ratio test (the G-test). Annals of Human Genetics 21(4), 397-409. GKSmyth (talk) 09:31, 28 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:G-test


text:
Philadelphia Marathon

The Philadelphia Marathon (aka the Philadelphia Independence Marathon) is an annual marathon sporting event held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the third Sunday of November each year since 1954. The Philadelphia Marathon ranks among the top ten in the nation's largest marathons with over 30,000 runners, 60,000 spectators and 3,000 volunteers. The 30,000 runners come from all 50 states, the District of Columbia and over 42 countries. The marathon course is professionally certified at 42.195 km by the Road Running Technical Council of USA Track & Field.

History
The roots of the Philadelphia Marathon (aka the Philadelphia Independence Marathon and today known as the AACR Philadelphia Marathon) can be traced back to 1954, the race's unofficial inaugural year. The marathon then largely was a suburban event and went by many different names; the Greater Philadelphia Independence Marathon (1981–82) and the Fairmount Park Marathon (1988–89). The marathon today, was established under the name of the Philadelphia Marathon in 1994 under then Mayor Ed Rendell as an annual running event that took place entirely within the City of Philadelphia. The first race in 1994 had a little over 1,500 runners.

This yearly event takes place on the 3rd Sunday in November or “the Sunday before Thanksgiving”. The Marathon is a top U.S. running event and top Boston qualifier with 30,000 runners participating in one or more of 7 featured events. Those events include, the AACR Philadelphia Marathon, Dietz & Watson Philadelphia Half Marathon, Rothman Orthopaedic 8K and four challenges where runners compete in completing multiple race combinations over two days. The Philadelphia Marathon Weekend has over 60,000 spectators and 3,000 volunteers who provide valuable race day support. Working along with volunteers from local schools, colleges and universities and the community actively participate to organize cheer zones, manage replenishment stations, monitor the course and provide support to help runners have their best possible runner experience while in the “City of Brotherly Love and Sisterly Affection”.

As a major City event, the Marathon is produced by the City of Philadelphia, Managing Director's Office. In 1995, a group of dedicated runners and Dr. Peter Sharkey of the Rothman Institute, a top Philadelphia orthopedic practice, sponsored a smaller running event as part of the Sunday Marathon event. Now, 23 years and 3,000 runners later, the Rothman 8K is an integral part of Marathon Weekend and an enjoyable event for beginners or those who just want to run. It is also for some, a warm-up for the longer distances. In 2006, a half marathon was added to the Sunday line up by Janis Pierce, the City Representative at that time, and a runner and in 2016 the race moved to a two day event with the half marathon and 8K on Saturday and full marathon on Sunday.

In 2011, two competitors died, which were the first deaths to occur in the Philadelphia Marathon in over a decade. The first was Jeffrey Lee, a 21-year-old Nursing and Wharton student attending the University of Pennsylvania. Having collapsed after crossing the finish line of an apparent heart attack, the cause of his death actually remains unknown. Although the cause of death was officially diagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, after further examination of the autopsy, it was concluded that the diagnosis may not have been accurate since the size of his heart would have been normal for an athlete. Therefore, medical professionals believe his death may have been caused by an underlying heart condition, not a heart attack. The second death was of Chris Gleason, a 40-year-old experienced triathlete from Clifton Park, NY. Gleason collapsed a quarter-mile from the finish line from heart attack.

In 2020, the Marathon was cancelled after mayor Jim Kenney announced a moratorium on public gatherings of more than 50 people within the city of Philadelphia on July 14 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Registrants were given the option of either transferring their entry to 2021, 2022, or 2023, or obtaining a refund.

In 2021, the marathon was held under a restrictions that only vaccinated runners may participate in all events and the Dunkin Kids Fun Run was cancelled. The race had over 21,000 runners between in-person events and virtually.

In 2023, there were 34,000 runners that participated in the races, which included the full marathon, half marathon, 8K, and children's race, which broke the record for number of participants.

Course
The course begins and ends at the Philadelphia Museum of Art on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. The Philadelphia Marathon course is relatively flat and offers a view of many historical landmarks that include Independence Hall, the Betsy Ross House and the Liberty Bell. The course travels the streets of Old City on Penn's Landing, parallel to the Delaware River, along the Schuylkill River and out to Manayunk. The highest elevation in the course is approximately 148 feet. The terrain presents many uphill and downhill challenges for the runners, though the course itself is very flat compared to other large scale marathons.

Runner information
The event also serves as a qualifying race for entry into the Boston Marathon for participants whose times meet age group bracketed standards. The race also features a state of the art timing system, using a small chip that attached to the back of each runner's bib that provides a 'chip time' for when the person has crossed the start and finish lines, as well as giving a traditional 'gun time'.

Health and Fitness Expo - Runners pick up their race packets that include a race bib, timing tag, T-shirt and bag at the free two-day health and fitness expo located in the Pennsylvania Convention Center.

Cheer Zones – Spectators can select from more than 20 cheer zones throughout the course to show support to the runners.

Transportation - Detours throughout parts of the city begin at 3AM and run until 1PM

Awards
Several cash prizes are awarded for the full marathon.
 * 1st - $10,000 one male & one female (Course Record Bonus: $1,500, one male & one female for each)
 * 2nd - $5,000 one male & one female
 * 3rd - $2,500 one male & one female
 * 1st - Masters - $1,000 one male & one female
 * 1st - Philadelphian - $1,000 one male & one female (must be a resident of Philadelphia County, determined by ZIP code)
 * 1st - Wheelchair - $1,000

All marathon runners receive a Philadelphia Marathon T-shirt, a Finisher Medal and a finisher certificate (available online after the race).

Dietz & Watson Philadelphia Half Marathon
The Half Marathon was added to Race Weekend in 2006 and winds through Philadelphia's most scenic and historic neighborhoods. From the history-steeped streets of Old City, through one of the liveliest stretches of Center City, across the Schuylkill, up through the bucolic trails of Fairmount Park, and back down to canvas the banks of the river. The course is also sanctioned by USA Track & Field. Dietz and Watson is the current sponsor for the half-marathon portion of the Philadelphia Marathon weekend. Each runner receives a t-shirt, a finisher medal and a finisher certificate (available online after the race).

Rothman 8K
The Rothman Orthopaedic sponsors an 8-km (about 5 miles) companion race to the Philadelphia Marathon. This race follows a shorter loop of the marathon, starting off on the expansive Benjamin Franklin Parkway before taking a turn on the scenic banks of the Schuylkill River and Martin Luther King Drive or Kelly Drive. Each runner receives a T-shirt, a finisher medal and a finisher certificate (available online after the race).

Environmental impact
The AACR Philadelphia Marathon, who collaborated with the Mayor's Office of Civic Engagement to turn the race into an eco-friendly sporting event.

In 2007, the Marathon's eco-friendly events began with recycling paper, cardboard, plastics, food and medals. Each year the “going green” efforts continued. Pallets were recycled, the Marathon partnered with the More Foundation by recycling sneakers to support families in Ghana, partnered with the Streets Department and began composting cups and organics and introduced the “Waste Watchers Volunteers” to facilitate on-site sorting. In 2012-2013, the Philadelphia Marathon received a Gold Certification from the Council of responsible Sport (ReSport) and organization that certifies special events for environmental sustainability and community engagement. In 2014-15 the Marathon received Green Certification along with achieving Zero Waste (over 90% diversion waste from landfill).

Some of the sustainable initiatives include:

 * Recycling heat sheets
 * Collecting and donating outer layers of warm up clothes
 * Recycling runners bags
 * Composting cups
 * Melting down and recycling excess runners medals

Winners
Winners by Country

Winners by Continent

Sponsors
In 2013, Gore-Tex was announced to be the title sponsor for the next three years.

In 2017, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) was announced to be the title sponsor for the next three years for the full marathon.

In 2017, Dietz & Watson was announced to be the official sponsor for the half marathon.

In 2017, the Rothman Institute agreed to continue its sponsorship of the 8K event. The Rothman Institute has been part of the Philadelphia Marathon for over 19 years, dating back to when Drs. Richard Rothman and Peter Sharkey began sponsoring the 8K as part of their community outreach efforts.

In 2017, Dunkin' Donuts was announced to be the official sponsor for the Dunkin' Munchkins Run.

In 2018, Garmin joined the team of sponsors for the Marathon, and was named the official timer and running watch for that year's marathon.

title: Philadelphia Marathon


text:
The Case for Democracy

The Case for Democracy is a foreign policy manifesto written by one-time Soviet political prisoner and former Israeli Member of the Knesset, Natan Sharansky. Sharansky's friend Ron Dermer is the book's co-author. The book achieved the bestsellers lists of the New York Times, Washington Post and Foreign Affairs.

In the book, Sharansky and Dermer argue that the primary goal of American foreign policy, as well as that of the free world, should be the expansion of democracy. The book advocates a moral foreign policy based on belief in the universality of freedom and human rights. Sharansky and Dermer argue that nations that respect their citizens will also respect their neighbors. The book is sub-titled, The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror. The authors express passionate and controversial arguments against any compromise on the road to freedom.

It has been read and famously endorsed by former United States president George W. Bush. Other members of his administration, including former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, have also read the book.

title: The Case for Democracy


text:
Harry Hylton-Foster

Sir Harry Braustyn Hylton Hylton-Foster (10 April 1905 – 2 September 1965), was a British Conservative Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1950 until his death in 1965. He was also the Speaker of the House of Commons for the final six years of his life.

Early life
Hylton-Foster was born in Surrey, his father was a barrister, and he was educated at Eton College before reading jurisprudence at Magdalen College, Oxford, in which he graduated with a first-class degree. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1928, at which time he was also working as a legal secretary for Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay.

Military service
During the Second World War, Hylton-Foster served in the Royal Air Force volunteer reserve. He also served as a deputy judge advocate, a military judge, in North Africa.

Political career
After the end of the war, he stood as the Conservative candidate for the Shipley seat in the 1945 general election, but was unsuccessful. However, in the 1950 election he succeeded in taking the York seat, a seat he held for the next two elections before standing for the safer seat for the Cities of London and Westminster in the 1959 election. He was made King's Counsel in 1947. In 1954, Hylton-Foster was named the Solicitor-General for England, receiving the customary knighthood. The fact that he was serving as solicitor general when he was named speaker of the House of Commons in 1959 was a source of some controversy, which was compounded by the fact that the opposition Labour Party felt they had been insufficiently consulted about the nomination. However, once the controversy died down, Hylton-Foster proved to be a popular and respected speaker.

Personal life, death and aftermath
Hylton-Foster was married to the former Audrey Brown.

On 2 September 1965, Hylton-Foster collapsed while walking along Duke Street, St James's. Attempts to resuscitate him were unsuccessful, and he was pronounced dead, aged 60, upon arrival at nearby St George's Hospital. Audrey Hylton-Foster was given a life peerage as Baroness Hylton-Foster in his honour the same year, and was granted a life annuity by the Honourable Lady Hylton-Foster's Annuity Act 1965.

Hylton-Foster and his wife are buried together in the churchyard of St Barnabas Church, Ranmore Common, Surrey.

title: Harry Hylton-Foster


text: Category:Human physiology

title: Category:Human physiology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nudity in The Simpsons2

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep, no consensus. Dmcdevit·t 07:49, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Nudity in The Simpsons
Recently undeleted because it was voted to be deleted without proper process, I'm re-nominating it partly because others in the undeletion discussion asked for it to be re-nominated, partly because I also think it should go on basis of being little more than trivia. For the previous discussion see Votes for deletion/Nudity in The Simpsons. Francs2000 | Talk 22:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia, not encyclopedic. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  23:27, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to say keep, but trim down the POV essay-type guff in the intro. Flowerparty 00:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-encyclopedic. If you look at Nudity in science fiction literature, that's what an encyclopedia article like this should look like -- a discussion of the meaning of the nudity, artistically.  Not just a "sex is often a theme in the Simpsons" statement, followed by a list.  Dcarrano 00:28, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Are you serious about Nudity in science fiction literature? It's terribly written!  Here's a sample sentence: "The circumstance that individuals, groups or entire nations are not clothed, is in such cases not simply an expression of a natural form of living, but reflects in an allegorical manner intentions of the author, or it fulfils different functions within the text."  The writer means: "Sometimes nudity plays a symbolic role in science fiction." --Tony Sidaway|Talk 05:11, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, why shouldn't people be able to look up how nudity is depicted in one of the most popular childrens' programs of all time? Kappa 00:47, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Why the hell would they bother? --Calton | Talk 01:25, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Among other reasons, they might bother because the Simpsons is a frequent target of L. Brent Bozell and his PTC protest-group. While disliked by some religious loons activists, the show also has progressive religious defenders, as seen in Religion in the Simpsons which is available at Amazon.  As a lightning-rod in the "culture wars", the longest-running prime-time show presently on US television finds its morality (of which visual nudity is a frequently referenced short-hand indicator) the subject of frequent discussion. Xoloz 09:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Still Simpsons-cruft. --Calton | Talk 01:25, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I don't want to get something started, but I've noticed that Calton has a particular antipathy towards Simpsons-related articles, which he unfailingly dismisses as cruft. I don't think he can be counted on for a neutral assessment. Binadot 03:58, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to the main Simpsons article. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 02:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well written and encyclopedic.  Rather too much material for a merge. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 03:42, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Much as I love the Simpsons, this is in no way encyclopedic. It's a list.  As was stated by Dcarrano, that Sci-Fi article is what this would look like if it was good.  But it doesn't.  If someone wants to write about how nudity is artistically useful in the Simpsons, go ahead.  In its current state, I again say Delete.  --  CABHAN   TALK   CONTRIBS  03:46, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: on the basis that its not encyclopedic, it would be absolutely foolish to delete, as that way the list would be lost and no one COULD make it encyclopedic without persay, watching all the DVDs. If you really believe its unencyclopedic due to the style its written in, then rewrite it. I think its a fine, interesting list. By the way, The Simpsons is not a childs program, just that its enjoyed by children, its not targeted for them though. By the way I did not mean to sound hostile to any other users. Redwolf24 04:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non encyclopedic trivial simpsonscruft. JamesBurns 08:27, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Radiant_ >|< 10:46, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with the main article.DS 16:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Ravedave 19:38, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wikipedia is not paper and nudity in the Simpsons is a valid topic.  Grue   07:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but rewrite. --Titoxd 02:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep agree with Tony Sidaway. older≠wiser 03:12, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Cleanup, also. Show is a US cultural institution, and main page is mammoth.  Topic also interesting and valid. Xoloz 04:47, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Cruft in many forms is still cruft. Mandel 12:37, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Lots of info about an interesting subject. --Trovatore 06:16, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unencyclopedia article about a random happening in a few Simpsons episodes that is not noteworthy. Indrian 17:59, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Yes, I know I've flip-flopped like a live fish on a hot grill.  But I hope my recent edits reflect some of the above posters' concerns for improvement. CanadianCaesar 23:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Puttypapyrus

Hello, my name is John Chen. I am 18 years old and will be attending the University of Texas at Austin in the fall of 2005. I have been an avid fan of Wikipedia for almost two years. I only recently registered but I have found working on the Wikipedia project to be very rewarding and fun.

title: User:Puttypapyrus


text: Category:Student debating societies

title: Category:Student debating societies


text:
Category:Mountains of Asia

The mountains of Asia. Mountains are placed here where the country specific category does not yet exist.

title: Category:Mountains of Asia


text:
Leon Vance

Leon Robert Vance Jr. (August 11, 1916 – July 26, 1944) was a Medal of Honor recipient who served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.

Early life and family
Leon Robert Vance Jr. was born and raised in Enid, Oklahoma. Vance attended Enid schools from first grade through high school. His father, Leon Robert Vance Sr., was a junior high school principal and also a civil aviation flight instructor,  while his uncle had been an aviator in the Army Air Service who had been killed in France during World War I.

Vance was considered an above-average student and a great athlete. His father, as principal, thought of education as having great importance, and this spurred Vance Jr. to challenge himself by taking difficult courses in high school. He averaged a 94 percent in mathematics.

Vance attended the University of Oklahoma for two years, becoming a member of Phi Delta Theta. After his sophomore year, Vance entered the United States Military Academy on July 1, 1935, as a member of the Class of 1939. A 1999 article in U.S. News & World Report called Vance and his West Point classmates the "Warrior Class" because they were destined to fight in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. In his First Class (senior) year, Vance was selected as a cadet sergeant in Company A of the Corps of Cadets. He graduated June 12, 1939, ranked 318th in order of general merit in a class of 456, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry.

While training at Mitchel Field on Long Island, Vance met Garden City resident, Georgette Drury Brown. They married the day after his graduation from West Point and had a daughter, Sharon, born in 1942. Vance would later name his assigned aircraft The Sharon D. after his daughter.

Military service
Vance requested pilot training and completed Basic School at the Spartan School of Aeronautics in Tulsa. On September 13, 1939, he was assigned to Randolph Field, Texas for Primary flight training, graduating the following March, and then to nearby Kelly Field for Advanced Flight School, where he graduated with Class 40C, earning his wings on June 21, 1940. Vance was also recommissioned as a first lieutenant, Air Corps. He served as an instructor until February 1941, when he was transferred to Goodfellow Army Air Field in San Angelo, Texas, and assigned to command the 49th School Squadron. He was at Goodfellow when the United States entered World War II in December 1941, was promoted to captain on April 6 and major on July 17, and remained in command of his basic flight training squadron until reassigned to Strother AAF, Kansas, in December 1942 as Director of Flying. While at Goodfellow, Horace Carswell and Jack Mathis (then an enlisted clerk), both of whom would subsequently receive the Medal of Honor posthumously, served in Vance's squadron. Vance was promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1943, after little more than four years' service.

After transition training to the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Vance was assigned in December 1943 to the 489th Bombardment Group at Wendover AAF, Utah, as Deputy Group Commander. The group completed its training and prepared for overseas movement in April 1944, one of the last heavy bombardment groups to be assigned to the Eighth Air Force. The group was assigned to the 95th Combat Bombardment Wing of the 2nd Bomb Division and based at RAF Halesworth. Vance led the group on its first combat mission, bombing the Luftwaffe airfield at Oldenburg, Germany, on May 30, 1944.

Medal of Honor mission
On June 5, 1944, Vance was assigned to lead the 489th BG on a diversionary attack against German coastal defenses near Wimereux, France, in the Pas-de-Calais, to support the anticipated D-Day landings. The group had lost six bombers on a mission to bomb Brétigny Airfield near Paris on June 2 (Vance did not participate), partly as a consequence of attempting to bomb visually in poor weather conditions. As a result, the lead aircraft of the 489th's formation on June 5 was a Pathfinder Force (PFF) "Mickey" B-24 detached from the 44th Bomb Group's 66th Bomb Squadron to enable the group to bomb through overcast using "blind bombing" tactics. Vance positioned himself on the bomber's flight deck, standing behind the aircraft commander and co-pilot.

After an 0900 takeoff, the group assembled its formation and climbed to its assigned 22500 ft altitude for the short flight to the French coast. The group approached the target area from the south but the bombs of the lead aircraft failed to release, and as a result none of the group bombed. Vance decided to make a second pass over the target rather than jettison the bombs into the English Channel, but as the formation approached the target a second time, it came under intense anti-aircraft fire ("flak"). The lead B-24 immediately sustained heavy battle damage. It continued the bomb run, however, and toggled its ordnance, but was further damaged by multiple flak bursts. In all, four crewmen were wounded, three of the four engines were disabled, and fuel lines ruptured in the fuselage. In addition, one of the aircraft's bombs again failed to release. Immediately after bomb release, shrapnel from a final burst killed the aircraft commander and wounded Vance, nearly severing his right foot, which became wedged in cockpit framework behind the copilot's seat. In the chaos that followed, comments on the interphone led Vance to believe that the crew's radio operator, wounded in the legs, was too seriously injured to be evacuated.

The B-24 lost altitude rapidly after the pilot was killed, but the wounded copilot regained controlled flight, preventing a stall by putting it into a steep glide to maintain airspeed. Despite shock from his own wound, Vance was able to assist the copilot in "feathering" the propellers, shutting down the over-strained fourth engine, and optimizing the glide of the crippled aircraft. The crew's "Mickey" operator, 2nd Lt. Bernard W. Bail, tried to dislodge Vance's pinned foot and applied a makeshift tourniquet.

When the B-24 reached the English coast, it was too damaged to land safely. Vance ordered the crew to "bail out," and after most had complied, took the controls and turned the aircraft back over the channel, where the remainder parachuted into the sea. He decided to attempt a water landing in the belief that the injured radio operator was still on the aircraft, even though B-24s were notoriously ill-suited for "ditching." From a semi-prone position over the power plant controls island between the crew seats, Vance flew the bomber mainly by use of ailerons and elevators, keeping a visual reference through the side window of the cockpit. Although the Liberator survived the ditching largely intact, its dorsal gun turret collapsed and pinned Vance inside the flooded cockpit as the bomber sank. An explosion blew him clear of the wreckage, however, and he was eventually able to inflate his Mae West. After searching for the radio operator, Vance swam towards shore. He was finally picked up by an RAF Air-Sea Rescue launch after fifty minutes.

Death
Nearly two months later, after receiving medical treatment in the United Kingdom, Vance was sent back to the United States on a C-54 Skymaster transport for further treatment and possible fitting of a prosthetic foot. The C-54 with all aboard disappeared on July 26, 1944, and was presumed to have crashed into the Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and Newfoundland. The recommendation that he be awarded the Medal of Honor was confirmed in orders on January 4, 1945, but his widow requested that the awards ceremony be delayed until the medal could be presented to their daughter. On October 11, 1946, Major General James P. Hodges, commander of the 2nd Bomb Division when Vance was assigned to it, made the presentation to Sharon Vance, age 3½, at Enid Army Air Base.

Medal of Honor citation

 * Vance, Leon Robert
 * Rank and organization: Lieutenant Colonel, Air Corps, 489th Bombardment Group (H)
 * Place and date: Over Wimereux. France, June 5, 1944
 * Entered service at: Garden City, New York
 * Born: August 11, 1916, Enid, Oklahoma
 * General Orders No. 1, January 4, 1945
 * Citation:

"For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty on 5 June 1944, when he led a Heavy Bombardment Group, in an attack against defended enemy coastal positions in the vicinity of Wimereaux, France. Approaching the target, his aircraft was hit repeatedly by antiaircraft fire which seriously crippled the ship, killed the pilot, and wounded several members of the crew, including Lt. Col. Vance, whose right foot was practically severed. In spite of his injury, and with 3 engines lost to the flak, he led his formation over the target, bombing it successfully. After applying a tourniquet to his leg with the aid of the radar operator, Lt. Col. Vance, realizing that the ship was approaching a stall altitude with the 1 remaining engine failing, struggled to a semi-upright position beside the copilot and took over control of the ship. Cutting the power and feathering the last engine he put the aircraft in glide sufficiently steep to maintain his airspeed. Gradually losing altitude, he at last reached the English coast, whereupon he ordered all members of the crew to bail out as he knew they would all safely make land. But he received a message over the interphone system which led him to believe 1 of the crew members was unable to jump due to injuries; so he made the decision to ditch the ship in the channel, thereby giving this man a chance for life. To add further to the danger of ditching the ship in his crippled condition, there was a 500-pound bomb hung up in the bomb bay. Unable to climb into the seat vacated by the copilot, since his foot, hanging on to his leg by a few tendons, had become lodged behind the copilot's seat, he nevertheless made a successful ditching while lying on the floor using only aileron and elevators for control and the side window of the cockpit for visual reference. On coming to rest in the water the aircraft commenced to sink rapidly with Lt. Col. Vance pinned in the cockpit by the upper turret which had crashed in during the landing. As it was settling beneath the waves an explosion occurred which threw Lt. Col. Vance clear of the wreckage. After clinging to a piece of floating wreckage until he could muster enough strength to inflate his life vest he began searching for the crewmember whom he believed to be aboard. Failing to find anyone he began swimming and was found approximately 50 minutes later by an Air-Sea Rescue craft. By his extraordinary flying skill and gallant leadership, despite his grave injury, Lt. Col. Vance led his formation to a successful bombing of the assigned target and returned the crew to a point where they could bail out with safety. His gallant and valorous decision to ditch the aircraft in order to give the crewmember he believed to be aboard a chance for life exemplifies the highest traditions of the U.S. Armed Forces."

Other honors
The airbase in his hometown of Enid, Oklahoma, was renamed Vance Air Force Base in his honor on July 9, 1949. He was further honored when Gate 40 of Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, was renamed "Vance Gate" on May 9, 1997.

title: Leon Vance