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The Odd Couple II

The Odd Couple II is a 1998 American buddy comedy film and the sequel to the 1968 film The Odd Couple. It was the final film written and produced by Neil Simon, and starring Jack Lemmon and Walter Matthau. Released nearly three decades later, it is unique among sequels for having one of the longest gaps between the release of both films in which all leads return. The Odd Couple II premiered on April 10, 1998, and was a critical and commercial failure, grossing less than half than its predecessor at the box office.

Plot
It has been 17 years since Oscar Madison and Felix Ungar have seen one another. Oscar is still hosting a regular poker game and is still an untidy slob, now living in Sarasota, Florida, but still a sportswriter. One day, he is called by his son Brucey with an invitation to California for his wedding the following Sunday. A second shock for Oscar—the woman his son is marrying is Felix's daughter, Hannah.

On the flight from New York to Los Angeles, it becomes clear that Felix has not changed his ways either—he is still a fussy, allergy-suffering neat freak nuisance. Oscar and Felix are reunited at the airport and very happy to be together again after 17 years of separation—at least for a couple of minutes. They share a rental car to San Malina for the wedding. However, the trip begins with Oscar forgetting Felix's suitcase at the Budget car rental, including wedding gifts and wardrobe inside. On the trip, Felix falls asleep and Oscar takes a wrong turn onto the freeway, then loses the directions to San Malina when his cigar ashes burn them.

He and Felix become hopelessly lost, and cannot remember the name of the town where they are headed, so many California cities sounding alike. They end up in a rural area and argue about Felix's lost suitcase, when the rental car rolls off a cliff and catches fire. If that were not enough, they get arrested several times by the same local police in Santa Menendez, first for catching a ride in a truck carrying illegal Mexican immigrants. They are released after the truck driver confesses, and learn the name of the town where the wedding will take place. At a bar in town, they meet two extroverted women, Thelma and Holly, and buy them drinks. Accepting an offer of a ride from a stranger even older than themselves, Felix and Oscar end up inside a $150,000 vintage Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith and trapped on the wrong side of the road when the stranger dies unexpectedly. Felix and Oscar are arrested a second time by the same Santa Menendez police, but again are released when it is discovered that the elderly man died of natural causes. Frustrated that this is second time they have been arrested in Santa Menendez, the police chief advises Oscar and Felix to take a bus to San Malina.

On the bus, they meet Thelma and Holly, who are running away from their redneck husbands. However, the bus gets stopped by the husbands, who take their wives, along with Oscar and Felix, at gunpoint, and in their car tell them that they are going to "cook a couple of fine geezers" in the woods for flirting with their wives.

Somehow the bus driver is able to inform the police of the husbands' use of a gun on a public vehicle, and their car is stopped at a police roadblock before anything happens to Oscar and Felix. Everyone is again taken into custody by the Santa Menendez police.

After meeting with the police chief for the third time, the boys are freed and driven directly to the local airport by the police, who are only too pleased to be rid of them, especially the chief, who tells his men not to arrest them again even if they were to commit notorious crimes. A woman boarding the airplane is also en route to the wedding and recognizes them. She is Felice Adams, the sister of Oscar's ex-wife, Blanche. Felix's eyes light up when he learns that her husband died of a heart attack, and they are mutually attracted. He calls her "Lise," which causes Oscar to ask Felix if she calls him "Lix." They arrive at the wedding house, only to find that Brucey is having second thoughts about the wedding due to his parents' bad history with marriage. Felix and Oscar argue with their ex-wives, after which Oscar persuades his son to go through with it. Felix's suitcase is returned and the wedding goes off without a hitch.

The next day, Felix and Felice leave together on one flight to her home in San Francisco, and part ways with Oscar, who returns to Florida. Oscar is telling his poker friends about the wedding when the doorbell rings. It is Felix, who says things with Felice didn't work out. Felix wonders if he could move in with Oscar until he finds his own place. Oscar refuses, but eventually relents, insisting their days of being roommates will be over if Oscar catches Felix matching any of his socks, to which Felix very happily agrees. Before long, Felix cleans up the apartment and Oscar is overcome with a sense of having been through all this before.

Production
Howard W. Koch, the producer of the original 1968 film by writer Neil Simon, had frequently discussed his desire for a sequel. Koch was unsuccessful in convincing Paramount Pictures to approve a sequel, despite the original film's success and the return of Simon as the writer. Simon had 37 pages written for The Odd Couple 2, which he said were left "sitting in the drawer" for 10 years. John Goldwyn and Paramount studio chairman Sherry Lansing began serious consideration of a sequel in July 1996, before announcing it on March 30, 1997, without the involvement of Koch; instead, Paramount chose Robert W. Cort and Dave Madden as producers for the project. Silverman, Baranski, and Hughes were cast in May 1997.

Filming began on June 9, 1997, in Los Angeles, California. Filming continued throughout the summer in various southern and central California cities, including Arcadia, Guadalupe, Lancaster, Palmdale, Pomona, San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria, and Shafter. In August 1997, filming was underway at the same Paramount Studios stage where the original film had been shot. Filming also took place at Hidden Valley, located in Ventura County, California. The film was shot with the title The Odd Couple II — Travelin' Light. The film marked the tenth and final collaboration between Lemmon and Matthau. Jean Smart described the characters of Thelma and Holly as "a bad '90s version of the Pigeon sisters," characters who appeared in the original film.

Reception
The Odd Couple II was a critical and commercial failure. Despite the fact Lemmon and Matthau had success with similar roles in their Grumpy Old Men films in the mid-1990s, this project was not as successful as expected. The film grossed $18 million at the North American domestic box office, and although Lemmon and Matthau's previous film Out to Sea also disappointed, it was better received by critics and had a slightly higher box office gross.

It holds a total of 27% on Rotten Tomatoes. Stephen Holden of The New York Times called it "a dispiriting, flavorless travesty, the equivalent of moldy tofu mystery meat".

Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "B+" on scale of A+ to F.

At the 1998 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the film was nominated for Worst Sequel and Most Painfully Unfunny Comedy.

title: The Odd Couple II


text:
List of storms named Adolph

The name Adolph was used for four tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 * Hurricane Adolph (1983), a Category 2 hurricane that passed close to Mazatlán, Mexico.
 * Tropical Storm Adolph (1989), stayed far from land.
 * Hurricane Adolph (1995), Category 4 hurricane that neared the Mexican coast but turned away.
 * Hurricane Adolph (2001), strong Category 4 hurricane which became the second most intense May hurricane on record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

The name Adolph was removed during the 2001 season due to concern that future use of the name would be politically insensitive; it was replaced with Alvin in the 2007 season.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of storms named Adolph


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Zionist youth movement

A Zionist youth movement (תנועות הנוער היהודיות הציוניות) is an organization formed for Jewish children and adolescents for educational, social, and ideological development, including a belief in Jewish nationalism as represented in the State of Israel. Youth leaders in modern youth movements use informal education approaches to educate toward the movement's ideological goals.

History
Most Zionist youth movements were established in Eastern Europe in the early twentieth century, desiring the national revival of the Jewish people in their own homeland, and soon formed an active and integral part of the Zionist movement. All emphasised aliyah (emigration to the Land of Israel) and community, with many also focussing on a return to nature.

Blau-Weiss is considered by some to have been the first Zionist youth movement. Established in Germany in 1912, its youth leaders were inspired by the culture of outings and hikes prevalent in the German Youth Movement. Adopting an official Zionist platform in 1922, the movement stressed an agricultural way of life, leading many of its members to the kibbutz movement in Mandatory Palestine.

With the upsurge in European nationalism and antisemitism, pogroms in Eastern Europe, and the barring of Jewish members from German youth groups incubated the Zionist national consciousness of the Jewish youth, appealing to their idealism.

Youth movements played a considerable role in politics, Jewish education, community organisation, and Zionism, particularly between the two world wars. Within Europe, they were the nucleus of the Jewish resistance movements in the ghettos and camps of the Holocaust, and the Jewish partisans. They also led the Beriha or escape from Europe following World War II, particularly to Palestine, where most surviving members settled. According to the International School for Holocaust Studies, the stated aim was bringing Jews to Palestine out of a sense of Zionism. Some also saw immigration to Palestine as a first step towards the survivors' recuperation and return to normal life.

Many of Eastern Europe's movements established themselves as worldwide organisations, although these were less influential. Alumni in Palestine organised their movements there from the 1920s, with an emphasis on pioneering and personal fulfillment (hagshama atzmit). There they strengthened the New Yishuv, particularly building the kibbutz movement and most affiliated with or established Israel's political parties.

After the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, some of the movements' roles, such as education, were taken on by the State. With the growth and development of the country, the movements' aims have been adjusted despite lessened public interest in the pioneering ideals of earlier Zionism.

In the Jewish diaspora, the nature of Zionist youth movements has varied in time and place. During periods when the general Zionist movement has been strong, such as that preceding the Six-Day War, movements have been particularly active. As well as acting towards Zionist causes, the movements have been seen as an important Jewish education and socialisation when it has not been otherwise available. Hence, with the development of stronger community structures, youth movements have often played a lesser role. Many youths, particularly from the large community of American Jews, have opted for Jewish social groups without ideological pursuits.

Educational methods
Youth movements employ informal education methods to educate an ideology to their members. This is often achieved through regular meetings that socialise participants within their groups, as well as camps. Particularly on camps, but in all interactions movements create a counter-culture that produces a particular social environment where members can express themselves freely, although with an underlying focus towards the movement's ideology. Recently, there have been suggestion that youth movement counter-culture is waning, and needs to be revived.

Activities and camps are essentially peer-led, usually by youth leaders who are often a few years older than the participants. Because of this, a friendly relationship is created between leaders and participants that encourages leadership by personal example (dugma ishit), whereby a leader's method of education is by being a moral, active and ideological member of the movement themself.

Historical movements

 * Avukah: Founded 1925 by Rabbi Phineas Smoller
 * Betar: was established in 1923 in Riga, Latvia and named for the Hebrew initials of Joseph Trumpeldor. Betar was the youth arm of Revisionist Zionism and later the Herut party. Its ideology included territorial ambitions, the establishment of a just society, anti-socialist sentiments, and military training for pioneers.
 * Blau-Weiss: Established in Germany in 1912. Emphasized agricultural labor and kibbutz settlement. Disbanded in 1929.
 * Bnei Akiva Religious Zionist movement founded in 1929 with a philosophy of Torah Va'Avodah "Torah and Labor".
 * Dror: Founded in Russia before the First World War. Emphasized socialist ideology and Jewish self-defense. In 1925 joined with Poalei Zion. In 1938 merged with HeHalutz.
 * Ezra: Founded in Germany in 1919 and had some original affiliation with Agudat Israel party.
 * Gordonia: 1925–1951. Associated with Labour Zionism and its namesake A. D. Gordon. Founded in Poland, and active in Palestine from 1937. Idealized manual labor, mutual aid and human values. After helping to establish the United Kibbutz Movement, it merged with other youth movements.
 * Habonim: Founded in London in 1930 and affiliated with Labor Zionism. In 1958 it was the largest youth Zionist movement with 20,000 members. Its members established many kibbutzim. Merged with HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed in 1959.
 * Hanoar Ha'oved: Established in 1926 by the Histadrut, the General Federation of Jewish Labor. It emphasized active participation in a working society.  Merged with Hnoar Ha'oved in 1959 to establish Hanoar Ha'oved Vehalomed and Hanoar Hadati Ha'oved Vehalomed.
 * HaNoar HaTzioni: Founded in 1926 by Yitzhak Steiger and established in 1931. The movement contains six kibbutzim in Israel and is formally against teaching young children to believe in a certain political way (like most youth movements at the time). Children are taught to argue and form their own opinion even if that opinion is contrary to the group's opinion. All thoughts are welcome except for extreme ones. Yitzhak Steiger had this idea after leaving the Marxist movement Hashomer Hatzair.
 * Haoved Hadati: Founded in Poland in the 1930s by national religious scouts. The Vilna branch was called "Torah Va'Avodah". Later established in the United States with groups in New York, Chicago, Cleveland, and other cities. There was a Hachshara in New Jersey, and a Camp Moshava The Vilna group was established in 1922.
 * Hashomer Hatzair: "The Young Guard", a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary
 * Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel
 * HeHalutz: First meeting held in Moscow in 1919. Ideology was strongly influenced by Joseph Trumpeldor. In 1935 membership reached 100,000.
 * Maccabi Hatzair: Founded in Germany in 1926. In 1933 the youth group was a strong basis for the World Maccabi Organization, which was involved in sports, aliya, and settling Israel.
 * HaMahanot HaOlim: " Model Government"; started by groups from the Herzliya Gymnasium in 1926. Eventually merged with Kibbutz Hameuhad.
 * Young Judaea: Founded in 1909 in the USA by the Zionist Organization of America. In 1967, Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America became its patron.

Modern movements
Zionist youth movements, both in Israel and the diaspora, continue to play a large role in community organisation, Jewish education, welfare, politics and activism. While upholding and adjusting their individual movement ideologies, diaspora movements commonly idealise Jewish continuity and identity in opposition to cultural assimilation, and Zionism in the way of active community involvement while living in Israel (termed by some as aliyah nimshechet or continuing ascent), with importance placed upon leadership skills and personal development. In some countries, resistance in response to anti-Semitism is also a significant political focus.

Movements generally focus on education for school-age youths, who are known as chanichim (Hebrew for educatees; singular chanich or chanicha), approximately aged 8 to 18. The nucleus of movement leaders (madrichim, singular madrich/a; literally guides) are graduates (bogrim, singular boger/et) of the movement, although it is popular for senior chanichim to also lead junior groups.

Much of a movement's activity is carried out through regular meetings or events, in many countries weekly, as well as camps one or more times a year. Leaders use methods of informal education to inspire and teach chanichim within a particular ideological framework or to induce discussion and thought. Such events are also highly social and often involve recreational activity., making the educational and ideological pursuits more enjoyable for participating youths.

List of modern movements

 * AJ6: The Association of Jewish Sixthformers, based in the United Kingdom, with a branch in Shelomi, Israel.
 * Ariel (youth movement): 1980–ongoing. Split from Bnei Akiva in Israel, separating its meetings for males and females, and with each branch having its own rabbi for authority.
 * BBYO: 1923–ongoing. Formerly associated with B'nai B'rith. Active internationally.
 * Beyajad. 1988–ongoing. Active in Monterrey, Mexico.
 * Betar: 1923–ongoing. Associated with Revisionist Zionist movement and Likud party. Its members were heavily involved in Jewish resistance in the ghettos of Nazi Eastern Europe. Active internationally and counts with branches in many countries around the world, including 3 new branches recently founded: two in Brazil and one in Italy.
 * Bnei Akiva: 1929–ongoing. Associated with Religious Zionism and, in Israel, the National Religious Party (most international branches are apolitical). Ideology of Torah ve'avodah – torah study and contributing to the build-up of the nation. Bnei Akiva claims to be the largest Zionist Youth Movement in the world, with over 50,000, members internationally (35 Countries) with another 100,000 in Israel.
 * Canadian Young Judaea: 1917–ongoing. Largest movement in Canada.
 * Chazit Hanoar: Politically unaffiliated, Jewish and Zionist education. Active in South America.
 * Club Z: 2018–ongoing. Club Z was born out of a need to create an ongoing, comprehensive, and honest Jewish education program for the unaffiliated Jewish teens in the San Francisco Bay Area. Today, Club Z is a national organization for Jewish teens, raising modern-day Zionists who are articulate and knowledgeable leaders.
 * Ezra: 1919–ongoing. Religious movement, originally affiliated with the Agudat Yisrael party in Israel. In Palestine from 1936. Has founded many kibbutzim and moshavim and now Ezra Olami works in USA Canada Russia Belarus Ukraine England Germany.
 * Federation of Zionist Youth (FZY): 1910–ongoing. (As FZY since 1935). Pluralistic – believes in teaching Jewish and Israeli culture, promoting righteousness, defense of Jewish rights and aliyah.
 * Habonim Dror: Merger of Dror (est. 1915) and Habonim Union (1929) in 1980. Associated with Labour Zionism, the United Kibbutz Movement and Labour party. Dror members were among the leaders of the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Active internationally. A secular youth movement.
 * Haihud Hahaklai (the Agricultural Union): 1978–ongoing. Associated with a union of agricultural villages, but politically non-partisan. Active in Israel.
 * Hamaccabi Hatzair: 1926–ongoing. Founded in Germany, associated with the World Maccabi Jewish sports organisation, while the youth movement also promoted aliya and pioneering through rural settlement.
 * HaMahanot HaOlim: 1926–ongoing. Associated with the United Kibbutz Movement. Five principles of pioneering, Zionism, socialism, democracy and humanism. Established originally by Herzlia Gymnasium. Active in Israel.
 * Hanoar Hatzioni: 1926–ongoing. Scouting movement with pluralistic outlook. Active in 16 countries worldwide and has a strong belief in Judaism, Zionism and Pluralism, all of which should be looked at in an holistic framework.
 * Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed: 1924–ongoing. Established as HaNoar HaOved ("the working youth") by the Histadrut (General Federation of Jewish Labor in Palestine) to meet the social, cultural and education needs of working youth. After merging in 1959 with the Habonim Union, the current movement was formed, "the Working and Student Youth". Active in Israel.
 * Hashomer Hatzair: 1913–ongoing. A Zionist-socialist youth movement founded in Galicia (today's Poland). Established what was the Mapam party, following the migration to Israel and founding of kibbutzim by many members in the early 1920s. Its members were heavily involved in Jewish resistance in the ghettos of Nazi Eastern Europe including Mordechai Anielewicz, leader of the Jewish Combat Organization during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Active internationally.
 * Hebraikeinu: 1990; Affiliated to Maccabi World Union, established in the club A Hebraica de São Paulo Brazil.
 * Hehalutz: 1918–Initially established in Russia under Joseph Trumpeldor to prepare potential olim for labour and pioneering work. Mostly collapsed after World War II (ongoing in Argentina and Mexico only). Active in Latin America.
 * Hineni: 1976–ongoing. Modern Orthodox Judaism, Politically Active, Modern Orthodox, Pluralist Zionist movement. Not associated with particular Zionist ideology or party. Active in Australia.
 * Hatzofim Haivriim (the Hebrew Scouts): 1919–ongoing. Associated with the world Scouting movement, whose ideals it generally shares. Active in Israel.
 * LJY-Netzer: 1947–ongoing. The youth movement of Liberal Judaism (UK) in the UK, they operate under the banner of Progressive Zionism and support a Two State Solution. They became affiliated with Netzer Olami in the early 90s.
 * Magshimey Herut: 1999–ongoing. Acitivist movement associated with Revisionist Zionism made up of religious and non-religious young adults. Ideology a combination of retaining the borders of Greater Israel and social activism on behalf of Israel's poor. Affiliated with the Herut party. Active in North America and Israel.
 * Netzer: 1979–ongoing. Associated with the World Union for Progressive Judaism. Central focus on Reform Zionism and social activism through tikkun olam (repairing the world). Netzer Olami also claims to be the largest zionist youth movement in the world with over 30,000 members worldwide. Active internationally.
 * Noar Masorti or NOAM: Associated with Conservative Judaism. Active in Israel, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, Mexico, Spain, Ukraine, Germany, Uganda and the UK.
 * NFTY: 1939–ongoing. Formerly the North American Federation of Temple Youth. The organized youth movement of Reform Judaism in North America. Affiliated with the Union for Reform Judaism and Netzer Olami.
 * Sinai Youth Movement: 1955–ongoing. Modern Orthodox Judaism. Active in the United Kingdom.
 * Tzeirei Ami: 1978–ongoing. Chilean pluralistic Zionist scouting movement. Active in South America. Affiliated with HaNoar HaTzioni.
 * United Synagogue Youth: 1951–ongoing. The youth movement of the Conservative Judaism. Affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. Active in North America.
 * Young Judaea: 1909–ongoing. Formerly associated with Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization. Focus on Zionist Jewish identity and social action in a pluralist environment. Active as the largest movement in the USA.

Preparation (Hachshara)
Most diaspora movements organise programmes in Israel, aiming for personal and ideological development, experience and training, such that participants would either remain in Israel as a form of ideological fulfillment or return to their diaspora communities and movements in a leadership capacity. Many of these programs cover most of the year following one's graduation from high school and are known as shnat hachshara (year of preparation) like their predecessors. Most require of their programmes' participants a two-year commitment to their movement on return from the program in Israel.

Many such programmes are coordinated together with the Department for Jewish Zionist Education of the Jewish Agency for Israel, whose Machon L'Madrichei Chutz La'Aretz (Institute for Leaders from Abroad) has been a component in many movements' year programmes since 1946. Year programmes may also include:
 * studying at a Jewish educational institution, such as a yeshiva, or independent study programmes
 * touring Israel
 * volunteer work in a kibbutz; in a development town; with welfare and charity organisations; with the Magen David Adom ambulance service; in schools; on Israeli summer camps; with the IDF in Sar-El at archaeological digs; etc.
 * experience or training with the IDF, such as the 8-week Marva Army Experience Program
 * a historical tour of Poland and the remains of Nazi Europe

Fulfillment (Hagshama)
As well as education, the movement experience is directed towards hagshama atzmit, or personal fulfillment of one's ideology, often closely aligned with that of their movement. Typically, for a diaspora movement member, this involves immigration to Israel, seen as an ultimate goal of Zionist ideals. Many movements organise groups of participants to take this difficult step together, forming a gar'in of olim (group of immigrants) who are prepared together for the process of aliyah.

Service Year (Shnat Sherut)
In Israel, it is common for active movement participants to commit a year of movement leadership between completing high-school and conscription into the Israel Defense Forces.

title: Zionist youth movement


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User:Afreitas~enwiki

Yo!
I´m from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I´m a fith year medical student.

First contribution: 25 July 2005.

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Wiki World!

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title: User:Afreitas~enwiki


text:
Charles Edward Jennings

General Charles Edward Saul Jennings (19 October 1751 – 11 December 1799), also referred to as Brave Kilmaine, was a renegade Irish soldier under French service and a revolutionary. He was a supporter of Irish independence and an active supporter of the French Revolution. Jennings is known to have been an associate of Theobald Wolfe Tone and served as a brigade and division commander under Napoleon I.

Jennings served in the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars. He played a minor role in the Irish independence movement. Jennings was known for being one of the most charismatic Irish generals of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic period. Though he was not ennobled, he is sometimes referred to as de Kilmaine and Baron de Kilmaine in reference to the Jennings' ancestral home in Kilmaine, County Mayo.

Early life
Jennings was born on 19 October 1751 at Saul's Court, Temple Bar, Dublin, Ireland. His father, Dr. Theobald Jennings of Polaniran (Poll an Iarainn) (Ironpool), near Tuam, County Galway was a prominent physician who married a cousin, Eleanor Saul, daughter of Laurence Saul, a wealthy Dublin distiller. One of his ancestors, Richard Og MacJonin, was hanged in 1599 for his part in the revolt of the Connacht chiefs in the Elizabethan period. In 1738, Dr. Jennings and Eleanor left Ireland and settled in Tonnay-Charente in south-west France. In 1751, when Eleanor became pregnant, she left France for Dublin in order to have her child born in Ireland. Jennings spent his early childhood in Saul's Court with his relatives. When he was 11 years old, he left Ireland and joined his father in France. Jennings was educated in Tonnay-Charente and became proficient in French.

Military career
Jennings began his military career in 1764 at the age of 14 when he entered the Austrian army. After seven years' service as a junior officer in Austria, he entered the French army in 1774. In September 1778, Kilmaine was appointed adjutant of the Volontaires-étrangers de Lauzun (Lauzun's Legion), a mercenary unit owned and commanded by the Duc de Lauzun, Armand Louis de Gontaut. He served with this unit in Senegal in 1779 and in America under Rochambeau (1780–83) and remained after it was reorganized as a hussar regiment.

American War of Independence
In 1780, Jennings was appointed sous-lieutenant of Lauzun's Legion. He served under Rochambeau and the Marquis de Lafayette during the American Revolutionary War. On July 18th 1781 Lt. Jennings commanded a detachment of lancers from the legion. The lancers pushed back Hessian Chasseurs defending an outpost at Morrisania, New York, this action occurred during the march to Yorktown. He was deeply affected by his experiences in America. This, combined with the impressions made upon him during his youth in Ireland and the teachings of his father, caused Jennings to imbibe strongly the revolutionary ideals of the era. He developed strong republican principles and upon his return to France, he became an energetic supporter of the French Revolution.

Chef d'Escadron
In 1786, he was awarded the title Lieutenant in command and took control of the regiment of Hussars of Duc de Lauzun. Two years later he attained the rank of Captain. A growing military reputation brought him a further promotion to chef d'escadron.

On 21 March 1791, seven months before his 40th birthday, he honourably retired from the army, was given the title of Baron and took the civic oath, sworn by all persons as a pre-condition for French citizenship. This was especially important leading up to and during the French Revolution, particularly among foreigners and nobility. He pursued family life and philanthropic interests for almost a year. In 1792, by personal invitation of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, Jennings rejoined the French Army when war broke out between France and monarchic Europe.

Reinstated as a chef d'escadron, Jennings served in the French Revolutionary Wars. He was a Corps Commander under Charles François Dumouriez and Lafayette. He fought at the Battle of Valmy in September 1792 and a unit of hussars under his command saved an entire French division from annihilation. In November 1792 at the Battle of Jemappes, Kilmaine and the Duke of Chartres (Louis Philippe) turned apparent defeat into victory. On the field, he was raised to the rank of Chief Colonel and came to be known as "le brillant et courageux Kilmaine" (The brilliant and courageous Kilmaine).

Brigade and Division Command
Kilmaine continued to serve with the Army of the North, and proved to be one of its capable officers. Following the victory at Jemappes, the Army of the North comprised 48 infantry battalions and 3,200 cavalrymen. By December 1792, thanks to the neglect of the Revolutionary Government, these troops were shirtless, shoeless, starving and in rags. Fifteen hundred men deserted. Kilmaine's cavalry were critically short of boots, saddles, weapons and horses. Nearly 6,000 troop and baggage horses died at Lisle and Tongres for want of forage. Honourable testimony has been given to the unceasing efforts of Kilmaine to preserve order among his soldiers amid these horrors. He frequently endeavoured by private contribution to provide subsistence for his men, who roved about in bands, robbing the villages around their cantonments at Aix-la-Chapelle. Many of Kilmaine's soldiers were murdered by vengeful peasants when found straggling alone away from their billets. Kilmaine was named general of brigade on 8 March 1793.

After the defection and flight of Dumouriez in April 1793, Kilmaine adhered to the National Convention, and was rewarded with a promotion to general of division on 15 May 1793. He now redoubled his energies to restore order in the army, which by the defection of its leader was almost disbanded. Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre took command. He was so ably seconded by Kilmaine, that within one month after he assumed command discipline was completely restored.

Battle of Raismes and Retreat to Conde
Kilmaine commanded Dampierre's advance guard in the campaign against the allied powers after the failure of the Congress of Antwerp on 8 April 1793. Dispatches testified to Kilmaine's gallantry during the "murderous affairs of the 1st and 2nd May" in which, according to the official report, he had two chargers killed from under him as he managed to fight off a determined attack. Six days of incessant skirmishing followed. Kilmaine displayed extraordinary valour on 8 May during the Battle of Raismes, fought by Dampierre to deliver Condé-sur-l'Escaut. The French were defeated with heavy losses. Dampierre was slain, and Kilmaine was ordered to fight a rearguard action to cover the retreat. The infuriated and disorderly army fell back to the barrier town of Condé, which was at that time under the nominal lordship of the unfortunate Duke d'Enghien.

François Joseph Drouot de Lamarche succeeded Dampierre and sent Kilmaine with his division to the Armée des Ardennes. He remained there only a short time before being recalled to the main army, which he found in the most critical circumstances.

The fall of de Dampierre and the arrest of Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine acted fatally on the Army of the North. It was now reduced to about thirty thousand rank-and-file soldiers. These men remained in a disorderly state, without a proper chief, and without aim or object. The Army's manoeuvrings were committed to chance or directed by ignorance, for, with the exception of Kilmaine, its leaders were destitute of skill, experience, and energy. Quitting the camp of Caesar, they returned to their fortified position at Famars, three miles distant from Valenciennes, the approach to which it covered. Here they were attacked on 23 May, driven back, and obliged to abandon the city to its own garrison under Jean Henri Becays Ferrand.

Commander-in-Chief of the Armée du Nord
Kilmaine was named Commander-in-Chief of the Armée du Nord on 17 July 1793. He rejoined the army with his division from the Armée des Ardennes. Kilmaine's presence for a time appeased the disorder in the army. The Army of the North occupied positions on the banks of the Scheldt, facing a much larger opposing force jointly commanded by the Duke of York and Albany and the Prince of Coburg. Kilmaine, with only 24,000 troops, did not wish to attack due to their smaller numbers. Only 40 leagues lay between Kilmaine's position and Paris. If he fought and lost the day, he could thereafter assume no position of sufficient strength to prevent the allies from penetrating Paris and crushing the convention. Kilmaine's position was untenable. He did not abandon the capital or retire beyond the Loire, as the tides of war and politics were setting in against him. In the Battle of Caesar's Camp on 7–8 August Kilmaine withdrew his army rather than wait to be surrounded. Although he carried out a retreat, the Convention styled it (at the time) "completely mutinous."

Imprisonment and release
Due to his retreat at Caesar's Camp and suspicions regarding his foreign birth and relations abroad, Kilmaine was relieved of his command, discharged from the army and sent into exile to Luxembourg. Regarding his situation, he said "I am ready, to serve the cause of the Republic in whatever rank I am placed, and wherever sent I shall do my duty."

Kilmaine returned to Paris undercover and retired with his wife to the Parisian suburb of Passy. There they lived quietly for a few months. When the Reign of Terror began, he and his wife were arrested and imprisoned. Kilmaine escaped the guillotine and was released after the fall of Robespierre in July 1794. He and his wife were released on an order signed by Lazare Carnot and remained for some time in Paris.

Italian Campaign
Kilmaine was involved in quelling the Jacobin Uprising in May 1795. He assisted Jean-Charles Pichegru in the defence of the National Convention against excited mobs of Parisian faubourgs. Kilmaine continued to fight for the convention until the 13th Vendemiaire, 1796, actively cooperating with Napoleon Bonaparte and the Revolutionary Party.

Early in 1796, he set out with Bonaparte on the Italian Campaign. He fought at the Battle of Lodi on 10 May and contributed to the victory by leading a cavalry charge. In September, he was appointed Commander of Northern Italy. His actions in this campaign significantly increased his reputation throughout Europe.

In October, Kilmaine was one of Napoleon's subordinate commanders during the Siege of Mantua. The Austrians, who were commanded by Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, attempted to break out and were repulsed with the loss of 1,100 men and five pieces of cannon. Kilmaine played a key role in repulsing them. Bonaparte, in his dispatch to the Directory on 1 October 1796 wrote: General Kilmaine, who commands the two divisions which press the siege of Mantua, remained on the 29th ultimo in his former position, and was still in hopes that the enemy would attempt a sortie to carry forage into the place, but instead they took up a position before the gate of Pradello, near the Carthusian convent and the chapel of Cerese. The brave General Kilmaine made his arrangements for an attack, and advanced in two columns against these two points, but he had scarcely begun to march when the enemy evacuated their camps, their rear having fired only a few musket-shots at him. The advanced posts of General Vaubois have come up with the Austrian division which defends the Tyrol and made one hundred and ten prisoners."

Early in December, Wurmser attempted another breakout. The Austrians began their operation just before dawn advancing under a furious cannonade. However, as Bonaparte noted, "Kilmaine made him return, as usual, faster than he came out, and took from him two hundred men, one howitzer, and two pieces of cannon. This is his third unsuccessful attempt."

Kilmaine energetically and ably commanded troops involved in the Siege of Mantua for over 5 months. Wurmser finally surrendered on 3 February 1797. In a dispatch notifying the Minister of War about this important victory Kilmaine wrote:

Kilmaine, General de Division and Commandant of Lombardy, to the Minister of War. Milan, 17 Pluviose, 1797

Citizen Minister,

I avail myself of a courier which general Bonaparte sends from Romagna (in order to announce to the Directory the defeat of the Papal troops), to acquaint you with the capture of Mantua, the news of which I received yesterday evening by a courier from Mantua itself I thought it necessary to announce this circumstance, because General Bonaparte, who is occupied in Romagna annihilating the troops of his Holiness, may probably have been ignorant of this fact when his courier departed. Tho garrison are our prisoners of war and are to be sent into Germany in order to be exchanged. I have not yet received the articles of capitulation, but the commander-in-chief will not fail to send them by the first courier.

The capture of Mantua was celebrated in Paris by the firing of cannon and the erection of arches in honour of Bonaparte and Kilmaine 'the Irish Commandant of Lombardy', and a grand joy was diffused through every heart in the city on the fall of what they styled the Gibraltar of Italy, while Bonaparte, loaded with the diamonds of the vanquished corrupt Pope, and the spoils of our Lady of Loretto, pushed on to seek fresh conquests and new laurels. Kilmaine briefly remained in command in Mantua after its capitulation. Upon returning to Paris, he was awarded the title Baron de Kilmaine.

Commander-in-chief of the Armée d'Angleterre
In the spring of 1798, the French were preparing to invade Britain and Ireland. In the February of that year, a grand march to the coast of the Channel took place. The invasion force consisted of forty demi-brigades of infantry, thirty-four regiments of cavalry, two regiments of horse artillery, two regiments of foot artillery, six companies of sappers and pioneers, and six battalions of miners and pontooniers. This task force was led by eighteen distinguished generals of division, and forty-seven generals of brigade the most brave and able in France. Among the former were Kilmaine, Louis Alexandre Berthier, Jean Baptiste Kléber, André Masséna, Jacques MacDonald, Michel Ney, Claude Perrin Victor, and others whose names were to become famous in future wars as the marshals of the empire. Headed by bands blaring martial music, the soldiers marched through Paris, displaying black banners inscribed with slogans such as "'Descent upon England, long live the Republic! May Britain perish'"

On St. Patrick's Day, Kilmaine recorded in his memoirs that he hosted a great banquet in Paris. Along with many Irish generals, including Colonel Henri Shée, and all the Irishmen in Paris. Other guests in attendance were Irish rebels James Bartholomew Blackwell, William Corbet and Napper Tandy, also there was the notorious American radical and intellectual Thomas Paine (then a political fugitive and pseudo-anarchist, who had been invited to attend by Kimaine) and General O'Cher. Irish republican Wolfe Tone had not been present at the banquet. He was hiding in Paris around this time and had been holding secret meetings with Napoleon (set up through Kilmaine) to discuss an Irish Revolution. Tone detested many of the Irishmen in Paris, describing them as "sad, vulgar wretches, and I have been used to rather better company in all respects", and stayed well away. However, all the corresponding members of the Irish clubs and malcontent parties at home were also present. Many fierce end-stirring political toasts were drunk, amid vociferous enthusiasm, among these, one in particular, "Long live the Irish Republic, long live the Republic." Speeches were made expressive of the rapid progress which republicanism had made in their native country, and of the strong desire of the Catholics and Dissenters to throw off the yoke of England, (that yoke which Kilmaine in his boyhood had been taught by his father to abhor and to hate). Irish rebel leader Napper Tandy, was in the chair for most of the night, on his left sat none other than Thomas Paine, and on his right sat Kilmaine, who, immediately after the banquet, had to leave Paris to rejoin his column of the army on the coast.

The future Irish Republic was enthusiastically saluted by Kilmaine that night, and every confidence (though merry) expressed in the accomplishment of his most ardent desire for the magnificent emancipation of Ireland.

Within days hundreds of gunboats were ordered to be prepared, and transports were to be collected at Dunkirk, to be protected from the British fleet by a Dutch squadron then at the mouth of the Scheldt. All of Britain was up in arms on hearing of an armament so formidable.

Meanwhile, the condition of France was then absolutely desperate and wild. In April, Kilmaine returned to Paris, after having executed, by order of the government, a survey of all the coasts of France and Holland (then reduced to a province of the former). He was promptly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armée d'Angleterre destined for the invasion of the British Isles. The position which had been meant for Louis Desaix, the hero of Marengo, was now bestowed upon him. As the supreme chief of command of this famous militia force, the eyes of all Europe were now fixed firmly on him.

French whispers throughout Europe at the time assert that this expedition was destined, not for Britain, but in fact for Egypt, and that Kilmaine received the command of it, not so much for his great military skill, but as to deceive the ministry, supposing that the name of an Irishman would cause them to believe that the armament was destined for Ireland and so they named him General in Chief of the Armee d'Angleterre, which never existed at all. Even if this was the case Kilmaine didn't know it. The number of transports was soon increased to over a thousand, and all the naval and military resources of Holland were pressed into the French service and managed by Kilmaine.

Colonel Shee, Wolfe Tone, General Henri-Jacques-Guillaume Clarke, General Jean Joseph Amable Humbert and Kilmaine, were by this time hard at work planning an Irish invasion. They were well acquainted with the extent of the military organization of the United Irishmen and knew that by the close of the preceding year, the people were well provided with arms, and knew the use of them. At the beginning of 1797, great quantities were discovered and seized by the British Government, who, in Leinster and Ulster alone, captured 70,630 pikes, with 48,109 muskets. If the Irish managed their projected rising, one cannot for a moment doubt what the result would be, once Kilmaine's formidable expedition landed in Ireland.

Irish assault
Meanwhile, Kilmaine's health was slowly declining. The duties of a 47-year-old Kilmaine were alike harassing and arduous, as he had to superintend the equipment and organization of this vast force, composed of men of all arms and several nations, and he was repeatedly summoned to Paris, even in the middle of the night, by couriers who overtook him in his progress, thus, though suffering under severe ill health. The Directory once brought him on the spur from Bruges early in July, and again from Brest about the end of the same month only to bring him back a few days later.

During the summer of 1798, the European press were full of words expressing admiration for Kilmaine.

Citizen d'Arbois, an officer on Kilmaine's staff, sent a glowing account of Kilmaine's mission to the Paris newspapers, where it was published on 7 August 1798. He wrote: "The eagerness with which our troops, both by sea and land, await the moment when, under the brave and brilliant warrior Kilmaine, they will engage the English, is the best pledge of our approaching success, and the defeat of our enemies."

Around this time too, a Brussels newspaper stated, "'We are assured that the French republicans shall be able to make a successful descent upon Ireland, the Belgian youth will be employed in that country under General Kilmaine, who, being a native of it, will there have the command of the French and Irish forces.'"

Doubts hovered in the minds of the Directory, even if there were none in the hearts of their soldiers and generals, and long delays ensued. General Hoche, who was the mainspring of the projected movement in favour of Ireland, died. And Bonaparte, to whom Kilmaine, Tone, Shee, and others of the Irish patriots turned, no longer had any sympathy for their cause, as all his efforts were now focused on the war in the East.

Paddy Kilmaine
In 1798 the Directory began breaking up the Armee d'Angleterre, and withdrew Kilmaine's troops. Kilmaine went to Paris to plead with the government and the Minister of Marine concerning the embarkation of the troops and departure of the fleet. His questions were waived or left unanswered. They had more important plans for him.

The fate of Chief-commander Kilmaine's forces that 'independently' sailed to Ireland was sealed from the onset.

The first attempt, from Brest on 22 August, initially got off to a good start. Approximately 1,000 French soldiers under General Humbert landed in the northwest of the country, at Kilcummin in County Mayo. They joined up to 5,000 local rebels and drove the British from Castlebar, setting up a short-lived "Republic of Connaught". They were defeated at the battle of Ballinamuck, in County Longford, on 8 September 1798. The French troops who surrendered were repatriated to France in exchange for British prisoners of war, but hundreds of captured Irish rebels were executed.

A second attempt in September, accompanied by Napper Tandy, came to disaster on the coast of Donegal and was unable to land, before eventually returning to France.

The third and final attempt, on 12 October 1798, under Admiral Bompard, with General Hardy in command of a larger force of about 3000 men, including Wolfe Tone himself, never had a chance. They attempted to land in County Donegal near Lough Swilly, but were intercepted by a bigger Royal Navy squadron, and eventually surrendered after a three-hour battle without ever landing in Ireland. Tone was captured, taken prisoner and was tried in a court-martial.

For some time all of Britain supposed the troops were led by the commander-in-chief in person and all the press of England and Scotland teemed with blustering or scurrilous remarks on "Paddy Kilmaine and his gang". In truth General Kilmaine never embarked, although he certainly wanted to, as commander in Chief, a master tactician and without the blessing of his commander Napoleon, he superintended the departure of 6,000 of his troops from Rochefort and Brest.

Broken dreams
By the end of 1798, the Army of England and its expedition were alike completely dissolved, and The Directory turned their ambition totally eastwards and to the Middle East. Napoleon now wished to give Kilmaine command of the forces assembled for the great war in Egypt. But for the present his career finished on the coasts of France and Holland, looking out toward fighting Ireland.

The Directory's outright decision to abandon the project completely shattered all of Kilmaine's hopes of helping to achieve the independence of his native land. For some years an intimate friendship had existed between him and fellow Irishman Wolfe Tone (while the latter lived in Paris) and upon hearing of his friend's arrest in Ireland, he strongly urged the French government to intervene in his case and to hold for Tones safety, hostages of equal rank chosen from the British military prisoners then in France. He assembled a petition and wrote a brilliant letter to the President of the Executive Directory, it reads, Headquarters at Rouen

27th Brumaire, 7th year of the Republic.

Kilmaine, General in Chief of the Army of England to the President of the Executive Directory

Citizen President,

From the assurances which the executive Directory has given, that the Adjudant General Smith, taken on board the Hoche, shall be claimed in a peremptory manner, it would be superfluous in me to request your interference a second time. But, as Commander in Chief of the Army, in which he served with such distinction, I consider myself as in duty bound to acquaint the Directory more particularly with that officer. His real name is Tone; that of Smith was assumed to conceal from the English Government his residence in France, and spare to his family in Ireland those persecutions which would infallibly inflict upon them. Obliged, as he had been one of the most zealous and respectable apostles of the cause of liberty in his country, to seek a refuge from its tyrants in North America, he was called from thence, on the demand of the French Government, to co-operate with General Hoche in his first expedition to Ireland. He was then promoted to the rank of Adjutant General and served the Republic in that capacity in the Army of England, where he was known to me in the most advantageous light, and had acquired, by his talents and social qualities, the esteem and friendship of all the Generals with whom he served. He was employed in the expedition of General Hardy, merely as a French officer, and ought to be acknowledged in that character; he had adopted France as his country; his right to be considered as a French prisoner of war is undoubted, and no one can regard him in any other light. I know not what treatment the British Government may reserve for him, but if it were other than such as any French officer, in a similar situation, has a claim to expect, I am clearly of the opinion that the Directory should designate some British prisoner of superior rank to serve as a hostage, and to undergo precisely the same treatment that Adjutant General Smith may suffer from the British Government. By this measure you may save to the Republic one of its most distinguished officers; to liberty, one of her most zealous and most enlightened defenders, and a father to one of the most interesting families which I have ever known.

Health and respect,

Kilmaine.

Even though he garnered much support from prominent Frenchmen and even Napoleon, his appeal was strangely ignored, much to Kilmaine's profound disapproval. Subsequently, Tone was found guilty and was sentenced to be hanged. He pleaded in virtue of his status as a French officer to die by the musket instead of the rope. Denied his wish, and before the sentence was carried out, he cheated and attempted suicide by slitting his own throat and died of his severe wounds days later.

Generalissimo of the Armée d'Helvétie
At the beginning of 1799, Kilmaine's health was further deteriorating. He had also become greatly saddened by the death of his friend, Wolfe Tone. In the spring of 1799, the Directory appointed him supreme generalissimo of the Armée d'Helvétie, as they chose to designate Switzerland, reviving the ancient name of the people whom Julius Caesar conquered. The French troops already occupied Lombardy on one side, and the Rhenish provinces on the other. Thus, they never doubted their ability to conquer the Swiss and remodel the Helvetic constitution.

The 48-year-old Kilmaine accepted the command, and ignored his condition for quite some time, until his rapidly failing health forced him to give up his baton to Massena, and he was compelled to retire from active service for good.

With a sorrow which he could not conceal, he saw that army march which penetrated into the heart of the Swiss mountains and imposed on their hardy inhabitants a constitution in which Bonaparte, under the plausible title of Mediator, secured the cooperation of the valiant descendants of the Celtic tribe of Helvetii in his further schemes of conquest and ambition.

Death
In a fragile condition, Kilmaine left Switzerland and returned to Passy in Paris, where his domestic issues only worsened his already poor health. He died there of dysentery on 11 December 1799, at the age of 48.

Legacy
Kilmaine is historically honoured at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, where his name can be seen on the inside triumphal arch, on the Northern pillar, Column 05. Underneath the Arc is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (World War I).

In the memoirs of Captain Jean Landrieux, his aide-de-camp, Kilmaine is described as "The only officer in whom Napoleon ever placed complete and utter confidence." A generous man, he frequently supplemented out of his own private means the rations of his men, who with difficulty were prevented from deserting and more importantly kept alive.

In the Memoirs published by General Charles Tristan, Marquis de Montholon, he wrote of Jennings, "Brave and noble Kilmaine, being an excellent cavalry officer, had coolness and foresight, he was well fitted to command a corps of observation, detached upon those arduous or delicate commissions which require spirit, discernment, and sound judgment. He rendered important services to the army, of which he was one of the principal generals notwithstanding the delicacy of his health. He had a great knowledge of the Austrian troops, familiar with their tactics, he did not allow himself to be imposed upon by those rumors which they were in the habit of spreading in the rear of an army, nor to be dismayed by those heads of columns which they were wont to display in every direction, to deceive as to the real strength of their forces. His political opinions were brilliantly moderate."

Wolfe Tone wrote of Kilmaine in his private journal. One of his diary entries read, "Clarke then said there were some Irish officers yet remaining in France, who might go, and he mentioned Jennings, who used to call himself Baron de Kilmaine, God knows why. I answered, that in Ireland we had no great confidence in the officers of the old Irish Brigade, so many of them had either deserted, or betrayed the French cause, that, as to Jennings, he had had the unfortunate misfortune to command after Custine, and had been obliged to break up the famous "Camp de Caesar", that, though this might probably have been no fault of his, it had made an impression, and, as he was at any rate not a fortunate general but a typical Irish soldier of fortune, I thought it would maybe better to have a Frenchman."

There is a personal portrait of General Kilmaine in the 'Hotel de Ville' (City Hall) at Tonnay-Charente, where his father Dr. Theobald Jennings practiced as a physician.

A monument was erected in his memory in Tonnay-Charente in the 19th century.

Rue du Général Kilmaine, a street in Tonnay-Charente, was named in his honour in the 19th century.

Descendants
Kilmaine married when he was relatively young and had at least one child. There is reason to believe that his wife 'Baroness de Kilmaine' died a few years before he did. There are likely numerous descendants of the Jennings family in Ireland. The Browne de Kilmaine family in France is not related to the general, but to The Hon. Frederick Longworth Browne, son of the 2nd Lord Kilmaine, who settled in France.

title: Charles Edward Jennings


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lt. James Two-gun

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:05, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Lt. James Two-gun
Probable hoax, as far as I know not a real Warhammer 40,000 character. Most likely an attack on a fellow gamer. the wub  "?/!"  15:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: The article's talk page seems to agree on the latter of your surmises. jglc | t | c 16:49, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

A character developed for a League, posted for a back story. this Character does indeed exist, though not in any "Codex". Not a hoax, an Element of a league that doesn't affect the Global Rules.

 * Delete unencyclopedic gamecruft. Friday 19:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep I am part of a provincial league held in Montreal, Canada called "Montreal Warhammer 40,000k League. This is a character that was created for a computer simulation that represented the lowest level opponent.  The character was never intended to be detailed to this extent but it seems a hapless fan of the character has fleshed out some of his finer details.  Although, it seems a little crewd, this article is part of a series of articles of the same nature although the others are not detailed nor characterized to the same extent.  It is my understanding that the organizers are using wikipedia to create an easily accessible online encyclopedia for their gamers.  The Anome 21:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If it's not an official Games Workshop character then I guess it counts as fanfic, and shouldn't be kept here. However it could probably be moved to the new 40K Wikicity the wub  "?/!"  08:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete nn gamercruft. JamesBurns 08:10, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable fanfic. Dcarrano 18:52, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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QUT Business School

The QUT Business School is one of six faculties at the Queensland University of Technology. It is home to the QUT Graduate School of Business, as well as four-discipline focused schools; the School of Accountancy, the School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, the School of Economics and Finance, and the School of Management. In 2015, the QUT Business School had enrolled a total of 8,971 students across the faculty, including 2,962 international students.

Location
The school is located at the Gardens Point campus in the central business district of Brisbane, in the state of Queensland, Australia. Gardens Point is situated next to Queensland Parliament and the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens. The School offers courses which are available on or off campus, or through a combination of both.

Accreditation and Rankings
QUT Business School is accredited by AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS, making it one of three triple-accredited schools in Australia and one of only 100 in the world. On account of its 'Triple Crown Accreditation', QUT Business School is placed among the top 1% of Business Schools globally.

The Business School was ranked 29th in 2013 and 30th in 2014, in the entire Asia-Pacific region by the QS World University Rankings as per the report published by the QS Global 200 Business Schools 2014-15 under the Top Business Schools by Region, Asia-Pacific category.

In 2013, the QUT Business School was the first in Queensland to be included in the Financial Times Top 100 Global MBA programs and was ranked 1st in Australia and 40th worldwide in the Master of Business (Applied Finance) pre-experience programme. In 2016, the Business School was ranked again by the Business school rankings from the Financial Times as 1st in Australia and 44th globally in the same Master of Business (Applied Finance) pre-experience programme.

As of 2015, the Business School was ranked 3rd in Australia and 63rd internationally by the Financial Times in the Business school rankings from the Financial Times under the category 'Executive Education - Customised'. In 2016, it was ranked again by the Financial Times as 2nd in Australia and 71st worldwide in the Business school rankings from the Financial Times under the same 'Executive Education - Customised' category.

In 2017, the Business School was ranked 11th in the whole of Asia-Pacific and 4th in Australia by the QS World University Rankings according to the report published by the QS Global EMBA Rankings 2017 under the QS Global 100 EMBA Rankings by Region 2017, Asia-Pacific category. The QUT Graduate School of Business was ranked 1st in Australia in 2017 in the Executive MBA (EMBA) category by the BOSS Executive MBA Schools Rankings.

In 2018, QUT Business School was ranked in the top 125 universities of the world at 101-125th position and 7th in Australia in the subject areas of Business and Economics by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subject 2018.

QUT Graduate School of Business
Courses offered through the QUT Graduate School of Business include a Bachelor of Business, Master of Business Administration, Executive MBA (EMBA), Graduate Diploma in Business, Graduate Certificate in Business, Graduate Certificate in Business Administration, the discipline-based Master of Business, Master of Business - Executive under the 'Executive Education - Customised' category, Professional doctorates, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Business, and a Public sector management and leadership course for the enhancement of management and/or leadership skills.

Its MBA program can be completed in one and a half years full-time or in three years part-time. Each unit of an MBA program is delivered in seven week modules with six weeks of teaching periods followed by a final assessment in the last week. Students get to study a broad range of core units and can concentrate on particular areas by way of choosing electives. The Graduate Certificate of Business Administration can be completed in two teaching periods full-time or four teaching periods part-time. Students who complete the GCBA can articulate into the MBA.

The Business School's professional doctorate programs consist of units from its MBA course followed by units in research methodology and several research projects. The professional doctorates differ from the traditional Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) by way of incorporating a practical approach, business focus and real-world learning into both research and coursework components.

Its Master of Business program offered in multiple disciplines is delivered on a semester basis in 13 weeks, divided into 3 study periods (13 teaching weeks per semester) and can be completed in 18 months. The Master of Business course is designed particularly for students who prefer to specialise in specific disciplinary areas such as Professional Accounting, Strategic Advertising, or Applied Finance. From 2009 onwards, a more flexible approach to learning took place by the combined offering of internal contact hours, online studies and internal intensive study for certain units.

Students may articulate from the Graduate Certificate in Business, which takes one semester full-time to complete, to the Master of Business program. Students may also articulate to the two-year Master of Business (Advanced) course, which takes one more semester full-time equivalent study to complete in addition to the Master of Business program.

Articulation
Students who enter either the MBA or Master of Business programs may exit with a Graduate Certificate after approximately one semester full-time equivalent (FTE) study. Students may also articulate from the Graduate Certificate program to the Masters and then the advanced Masters or MBA (Major) with full advanced standing (credit).

title: QUT Business School


text: Talk:David Crombie

title: Talk:David Crombie


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FC Ordabasy

FC Ordabasy (Ордабасы футбол клубы, Ordabasy Fýtbol Klýby) is a professional football club from Kazakhstan based at the Kazhimukan Munaitpasov Stadium in Shymkent. Ordabasy was formed in 1949, following the merger of two existing Kazakhstan Premier League sides, FC Zhiger and FC Tomiris.

History
FC Dostyk was formed as the merger of FC Zhiger and FC Tomiris at the middle of 2000 season and then renamed FC Ordabasy before the start of 2003 season,

On 5 February 2017, Aleksei Petrushin replaced Bakhtiyar Bayseitov as the club's manager.

Between 2011 and 2022, they won 2 Kazakhstan Cups and one Kazakhstan Super Cup.

Ordabasy holds the history of both Zhiger and Tomiris:

Zhiger

 * 1949 : Founded as Dinamo
 * 1960 : Renamed Yenbek
 * 1961 : Renamed Metallurg
 * 1981 : Renamed Meliorator
 * 1992 : Renamed Zhiger

Tomiris

 * 1992 : Founded as SKIF-Arsenal
 * 1993 : Renamed SKIF-Ordabasy
 * 1998 : Renamed Tomiris
 * 1999 : Renamed Sintez
 * 2000 : Renamed Tomiris

Honours

 * Kazakhstan Premier League
 * Champions (1): 2023
 * Kazakhstan First Division
 * Champions (2): 1998 (Tomiris), 2001 (Dostyk)
 * Kazakhstan Cup
 * Winners (2): 2011, 2022
 * Kazakhstan Super Cup
 * Winners (1): 2012

title: FC Ordabasy


text: User talk:206.165.83.216

title: User talk:206.165.83.216


text:
User:Deathphoenix/HarryPotterWatchlist

This is an incomplete watchlist for use with topics related to the Harry Potter series of books. To use it, click "Related changes" in the left sidebar (or click here). Please feel free to contribute to this page.

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 * Godric's Hollow (t)
 * Grawp (t)
 * Gregory Goyle (t)
 * Grimmauld Place (t)
 * Gryffindors in Harry's Year (t)
 * Gurg (t)

H

 * Half-Blood Prince (character) (t)
 * Harry Potter (t)
 * Harry Potter (character) (t)
 * Harry Potter (plot) (t)
 * Harry Potter cast (t)
 * Harry Potter fandom (t)
 * Harry Potter in translation (t)
 * Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience (t)
 * Harry Potter music (t)
 * Harry Potter newspapers and magazines (t)
 * Harry Potter podcast (t)
 * Headless Hunt (t)
 * Hedwig (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Hermione Granger (t)
 * Hepzibah Smith (t)
 * Hippocrates Smethwyck (t)
 * Hogsmeade (t)
 * Hogwarts (t)
 * Hogwarts Express (t)
 * Hogwarts layout (t)
 * Hogwarts ghosts (t)
 * Hogwarts headache (t)
 * Hogwarts Houses (t)
 * Hogwarts subjects (t)
 * Hog's Head (t)
 * Horcrux (t)
 * Horace Slughorn (t)
 * House-elf (t)

I

 * Igor Karkaroff (t)
 * Improper Use of Magic Office (t)
 * Irma Pince (t)

J

 * James and Lily Potter (t)

K

 * Kingsley Shacklebolt (t)
 * Knight Bus (t)
 * Knockturn Alley (t)
 * Kreacher (t)

L

 * Libatius Borage (t)
 * List of characters in the Harry Potter books (t)
 * List of fictional books within the Harry Potter series (t)
 * List of places in the Harry Potter books (t)
 * List of Quidditch teams (t)
 * Little Hangleton (t)
 * Little Whinging (t)
 * Lord Voldemort (t)
 * Lucius Malfoy (t)
 * Ludo Bagman (t)
 * Luna Lovegood (t)

M

 * Mad-Eye Moody (t)
 * Madam Rosmerta (t)
 * Magic (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Magical Brethren (t)
 * Magical objects in Harry Potter (t)
 * Magorian (t)
 * Malfoy (t)
 * Marauders (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Metamorphmagus (t)
 * Mimbulus mimbletonia (t)
 * Minerva McGonagall (t)
 * Minister for Magic (t)
 * Ministry of Magic (t)
 * Minor characters associated with Quidditch (t)
 * Minor Dark wizards in Harry Potter (t)
 * Minor Harry Potter beasts (t)
 * Minor Harry Potter characters (t)
 * Minor Hogwarts teachers (t)
 * Minor Hufflepuffs (t)
 * Minor members of the Order of the Phoenix (t)
 * Minor Ministry officials in the Harry Potter books (t)
 * Minor Ravenclaws (t)
 * Minor Slug Club members (t)
 * Minor Slytherins (t)
 * Moaning Myrtle (t)
 * Molly Weasley (t)
 * Money in Harry Potter (t)
 * Mr Ollivander (t)
 * Muggle (t)
 * Mundungus Fletcher (t)

N

 * Nagini (t)
 * Narcissa Malfoy (t)
 * Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Test (t)
 * Neville Longbottom (t)
 * Nicholas Flamel (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Niffler (t)
 * Nymphadora Tonks (t)

O

 * Occlumency (t)
 * Ogg (Harry Potter character) (t)
 * Olympe Maxime (t)
 * Order of the Phoenix (t)
 * Ordinary Wizarding Level (t)

P

 * Pansy Parkinson (t)
 * Patronus Charm (t)
 * Peeves (t)
 * Percy Weasley (t)
 * Peter Pettigrew (t)
 * Phineas Nigellus (t)
 * Pigwidgeon (t)
 * Plants in Harry Potter (t)
 * Pomona Sprout (t)
 * Poppy Pomfrey (t)
 * Portrait (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Potions in Harry Potter (t)
 * Professor Quirrell (t)

Q

 * Quidditch (t)
 * Quidditch Through the Ages (t)
 * Quodpot (t)

R

 * R.A.B. (t)
 * Regulus Black (t)
 * Relatives of Harry Potter (t)
 * Remus Lupin (t)
 * Rita Skeeter (t)
 * Romilda Vane (t)
 * Ron Weasley (t)
 * Ronan (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Rubeus Hagrid (t)
 * Rufus Scrimgeour (t)

S

 * Scabbers (t)
 * Severus Snape (t)
 * Shrieking Shack (t)
 * Sibyll Trelawney (t)
 * Sirius Black (t)
 * Spells in Harry Potter (t)
 * S.P.E.W. (t)
 * Spinner's End (t)
 * St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries (t)
 * Stunning Spell (t)

T

 * The Burrow (t)
 * The Hogwarts Founders (t)
 * The House of Gaunt (t)
 * The Inquisitorial Squad (t)
 * The Slug Club (t)
 * The Weird Sisters (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Thestral (t)
 * Tobias Snape (t)
 * Tom Riddle's diary (t)
 * Trevor (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Triwizard Tournament (t)

U

 * Unbreakable Vow (t)
 * Unforgivable Curses (t)

V

 * Viktor Krum (t)
 * Vincent Crabbe (t)

W

 * Wand (t)
 * Weasley Family (t)
 * Werewolf (Harry Potter) (t)
 * Witch Weekly (t)
 * Wizarding world (t)
 * Wizengamot (t)

Real-life topics
Please place these in alphabetical order based on the name of the article, not based on surname.

 * J. K. Rowling (t)

Actors

 * Afshan Azad (t)
 * Alan Rickman (t)
 * Alfred Enoch (t)
 * Bonnie Wright (t)
 * Brendan Gleeson (t)
 * Charles Hughes (actor) (t)
 * Charlotte Skeoch (t)
 * Chris Rankin (t)
 * Christian Coulson (t)
 * Clémence Poésy (t)
 * Daniel Radcliffe (t)
 * David Bradley (t)
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 * David Tennant (t)
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 * Dawn French (t)
 * Devon Murray (t)
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 * Emma Thompson (t)
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 * Eric Sykes (t)
 * Evanna Lynch (t)
 * Fiona Shaw (t)
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 * Gemma Jones (t)
 * Gemma Padley (t)
 * Genevieve Gaunt (t)
 * George Harris (actor) (t)
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 * Jamie Waylett (t)
 * Jason Boyd (actor) (t)
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 * Jim McManus (t)
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 * John Hurt (t)
 * Joshua Herdman (t)
 * Julie Walters (t)
 * Kathryn Hunter (t)
 * Katie Leung (t)
 * Kenneth Branagh (t)
 * Leslie Phillips (t)
 * List of Harry Potter films cast members (t)
 * Maggie Smith (t)
 * Mark Williams (t)
 * Matthew David Lewis (t)
 * Michael Gambon (t)
 * Michael Wildman (t)
 * Miranda Richardson (t)
 * Natalia Tena (t)
 * Nick Shim (t)
 * Pam Ferris (t)
 * Ralph Fiennes (t)
 * Richard Griffiths (t)
 * Richard Harris (t)
 * Richard Leaf (t)
 * Robbie Coltrane (t)
 * Robbie Jarvis (t)
 * Robert Hardy (t)
 * Robert Pattinson (t)
 * Roger Lloyd Pack (t)
 * Richard Macklin (t)
 * Rupert Grint (t)
 * Shefali Chowdhury (t)
 * Shirley Henderson (t)
 * Sian Thomas (t)
 * Stanislav Ianevski (t)
 * Susie Shinner (t)
 * Timothy Spall (t)
 * Tom Felton (t)
 * Tony Maudsley (t)
 * Warwick Davis (t)

Web sites

 * Harry Potter Fan Zone (t)
 * Harry Potter Lexicon (t)
 * HPANA (t)
 * MuggleNet (t)
 * The Leaky Cauldron (website) (t)

Other

 * Anti-Harry Potter community (t)
 * Barry Trotter (t)
 * Harry and the Potters (t)

WikiProject Harry Potter

 * WikiProject Harry Potter (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/AfD (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/General (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/Images (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/Improvement (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/Participants (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/Templates (t)
 * WikiProject Harry Potter/to do (t)

Templates

 * Template:HP Animal (t)
 * Template:HP Association (t)
 * Template:HP character (t)
 * Template:HP Character Foreign (t)
 * Template:HP Elf Character (t)
 * Template:HP Forest Character (t)
 * Template:HP Place (t)
 * Template:HP School (t)
 * Template:HP-tasks (t)
 * Template:Harrypotter (t)
 * Template:User-hp-project (t)

Miscellaneous

 * Portal:Harry Potter (t)

Books, Films, and Video Games
Note: This is not an invitation to create redlinked articles before they should be written (for example, don't create the film-diff articles until the movie has actually been released!).
 * 1) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 2) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 3) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 4) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 5) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 6) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)
 * 7) book (t)—film (t)—st (t)—vg (t)—film diff (t)

Spin-off books

 * FBWFT (t)—QTA (t)

Other video games

 * QWC (t)

title: User:Deathphoenix/HarryPotterWatchlist


text: User talk:195.3.113.154

title: User talk:195.3.113.154


text:
Jamie's Kitchen

Jamie's Kitchen is a five-part British documentary television series that aired on Channel 4 from 5 November to 10 December 2002. It follows chef Jamie Oliver as he attempts to train a group of 15 unemployed youths, who will—if they complete the course—be offered jobs at Oliver's new restaurant Fifteen. The series was executive produced by Peter Moore for Talkback Productions, and has since spawned several others along similar lines.

Original show
Of the original 15 cooks, five went on to secure cooking careers. Elisa Roche (the only girl to graduate), Ralph Johnson, Tim Siadatan, Ben Arthur and Warren Fleet all ended up working in some of London's best restaurants. Johnny Broadfoot, one of the younger original fifteen cooks (who graduated after the previous five), returned to Sydney, Australia as head chef of his co-owned restaurant/bar El Beau Room in Manly, which opened in July 2013, and closed in 2016.

An article about bullying in the catering industry, written by Elisa Roche for The Guardian, now forms part of the national curriculum.

One, Kevin Boyle, died at the age of 26.

Fifteen Foundation
Fifteen is the name of the restaurants and the supporting charitable foundation. The foundation's mission is to inspire disadvantaged youth, including those with drug or alcohol problems, the unemployed and the homeless, to believe in themselves and the possibility of becoming chefs.

The foundation aims to turn Fifteen into a global social enterprise brand. December 2004 saw the opening of a second restaurant in Amsterdam, with others following in Cornwall (May 2006) and Fifteen Melbourne, Australia (September 2006).

Benny Se Teo, a Singaporean ex-convict, heard of the foundation while on an internship with Jamie Oliver and was inspired to start Eighteen Chefs in Singapore along similar lines.

Return to Jamie's Kitchen
The two-part Return to Jamie's Kitchen aired on Channel 4 on 16 September and 23 September 2003, and follows the fortunes of the restaurant after its opening.

Jamie's Kitchen Australia
Jamie's Kitchen Australia premiered on Network Ten on 14 September 2006. Oliver visited Australia briefly to launch the series, and then returned to London, retaining overall control, but delegating management of the project in Melbourne to old friend, Melburnian chef Tobie Puttock. The series followed the training of a group of 16- to 24-year-old Australians to become chefs in the new Melbourne Fifteen restaurant.

Jamie's Chef
The four-part Jamie's Chef premiered on Channel 4 on 31 January 2007. Five years and 50 trainees since Jamie's Kitchen, this series aims to help the winning trainee establish their own restaurant at The Cock, a pub near Braintree in Essex. The charitable Fifteen Foundation retains ownership of the property and has provided a £1,000,000 loan for the winner, Aaron Craze, to refurbish the establishment. Prior to airing, this was announced in the press as ''Cutting the Apron Strings'‘ It was here where Jamie announced his spatula originated from a design formulated by the Royal Family, Prince Harry later confirmed the use of the spatula growing up.

title: Jamie's Kitchen


text:
Talk:Catnip (disambiguation)

Merge
Merge this with Nepeta and do away with the ridiculous title.--Daveswagon 15:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

This is Meg from your plant bio class. I thought your article was informative and interesting, but I don't think your title fit its theme very well. The title indicates it's all about why cats like catnip, but you included a lot of other useful information about the plant that didn't concern cats at all. Also, I think you need to include more information about why catnip has this effect on cats. What chemical compounds affect cats, and which part of the plant do they originate in? In your first paragraph, you write that catnip is sometimes considered a weed in the United States. You follow this idea with information on how to cultivate, grow and harvest catnip. Perhaps you could re-arrange your article so you can prove to your reader that catnip is more than a weed, and then explain how to grow it. mthilmony 20 July 2005

What is so ridiculous about catnip? Whatsisname 01:22, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Most of this already seems to have been merged into Nepeta. I suggest putting in a redirect. Whatsisname 01:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Catnip is usually only used for Nepeta cataria. I think the catnip specific part of Nepeta should be merged into Catnip, rather than the other way around, and Nepeta should be a genus-level article as its title suggests. -- WormRunner | Talk 01:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Au contraireidoodly my friend. "Nepeta is a genus of the mint family, Lamiaceae, the members of which are known as catnips or catmints" I.e., "catnip" refers to the genus, not the species. Whatsisname 01:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I very much disagree about this move. WormRunner | Talk 03:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catnip (disambiguation)


text:
User:PAVit

Who am I, anyway?
My name is Paul Vitols; I'm a writer born and still living in Vancouver, Canada. I have wide-ranging interests, but some of my favorite subjects are:

 * literature
 * ancient history
 * mythology
 * religion
 * philosophy
 * astrology
 * psychology
 * ideas
 * environmentalism
 * economics

In addition, I have interest, experience, and expertise in:

 * writing
 * editing
 * copyediting

I am at work on a series of historical novels called The Age of Pisces, set at the dawn of the Christian era. If you're curious, take a look at my blog Genesis of a Historical Novel.

Articles I've worked on

 * Demographics of Mexico
 * François Pérusse
 * Galeão - Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport
 * Genre fiction
 * The Odyssey (TV show)
 * Wall of Voodoo

title: User:PAVit


text:
David Gordon, 4th Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair

Major David George Ian Alexander Gordon, 4th Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (21 January 1908 – 13 September 1974) was a British peer, soldier, and the son of Dudley Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair.

Life
Gordon attended Harrow School and graduated from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1930 with a Bachelor of Arts, then with a Masters in 1968. He attained the rank of Major in the service of the 5th/7th Battalion of the Gordon Highlanders and fought in the Second World War.

He became Deputy Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire in 1949, Vice-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire in 1959, and Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire in 1973. He was also a County Councillor for Aberdeenshire in 1950 and justice of the peace for Aberdeenshire in 1955.

He was admitted to Royal Company of Archers in 1955 and invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1963. He was invested as a Knight of the Order of St John in 1964 and was a director of Northern Area Clydesdale Bank in 1968.

Family
On 29 April 1939, he married Beatrice Mary June Boissier, the daughter of Arthur Boissier, Headmaster of Harrow School (1939–1942). They had four (adopted) children:

 * Lady Mary Katherine Gordon (b. 30 May 1946), married Simon Piers Welfare and had issue.
 * Lady Sarah Caroline Gordon (b. 25 March 1948), married Patrick John Raleigh Scott and had issue.
 * Lord Andrew David Gordon (b. 6 March 1950), married Lucy Mary Frances Milligan and had issue.
 * Lord James Drummond Gordon (b. 11 April 1953), married Marilyn Sim.

Until 2004, adopted children of peers had no right to any courtesy title. However, as a result of a Royal Warrant dated 30 April 2004, adopted children are now automatically entitled to such styles and courtesy titles as their siblings. Therefore, on that date, Gordon's children automatically become lords and ladies.


text:
FC Taraz

FC Taraz (Тараз футбол клубы) is a Kazakhstani professional football club based at the Taraz Central Stadium in Taraz. A leading club in the early years of the Kazakhstan Premier League, they were champions in 1996, and Kazakhstan Cup winners in 2004.

History
After initially being relegated from the Premier League at the end of the 2016 season, Taraz was reinstated on 3 February 2017 after the Football Federation of Kazakhstan ruled that Altai Semey did not meet the required entry requirements for the Premier League.

Names

 * 1960 : Founded as Metallist
 * 1967 : Renamed Voskhod
 * 1968 : Renamed Energetik
 * 1971 : Renamed Alatau
 * 1975 : Renamed Khimik
 * 1992 : Renamed Fosfor
 * 1993 : Renamed Taraz

Honours

 * Kazakhstan Premier League
 * Champions (1): 1996
 * Runner-up: (2): 1995, 1997
 * Kazakhstan Cup
 * Winners (1): 2004
 * Runner-up: (3): 1992, 1993, 2013

Managers

 * 🇹🇲 Kurban Berdyev (1986–89; 1991–92)
 * 🇰🇿 Vakhid Masudov (Aug 1999 – June 00)
 * 🇹🇯 Vladimir Gulyamhaydarov (2003)
 * 🇰🇿 Yuri Konkov (1 January 2004 – 24 August 2005)
 * 🇰🇿 Sergei Tagiyev (2006 – 7 May)
 * 🇰🇿 Vladimir Fomichyov (2008–10)
 * 🇰🇿 Dmitriy Ogai (1 January 2010 – 30 November 2010)
 * 🇲🇩 Igor Ursachi (25 June 2010 – 1 September 2010)
 * 🇰🇿 Vait Talgayev (2010–2011)
 * 🇷🇸 Ljupko Petrović (1 November 2011 – 14 May 2013)
 * 🇰🇿 Nurmat Mirzabaev (interim) (16 May 2013 – 7 June 2013)
 * 🇳🇱 Arno Pijpers (8 June 2013 – 10 June 2014)
 * 🇺🇦 Evgeny Yarovenko (10 June 2014 – 11 November 2015)
 * 🇰🇿 Nurmat Mirzabayev (January – May 2016)
 * 🇺🇦 Yuriy Maksymov (15 May 2016 – 2017)
 * 🇺🇦 Vladimir Nikitenko (left in 2021)
 * 🇦🇲 Vardan Minasyan (2 February 2021 – 26 October 2021)
 * 🇰🇿 Nurken Mazbayev (13 January 2022 – 21 October 2022)
 * 🇰🇿 Nurmat Mirzabayev(2022)

title: FC Taraz