text:
Tick (disambiguation)

A tick is a parasitic mite of the order Ixodida.

Tick or ticking may also refer to:
 * Tick (check mark), a mark (✓, ✔, ☑, etc.) used to indicate 'yes', 'complete' or 'correct'
 * Ticking, cotton or linen textile tightly woven for durability

Arts and entertainment

 * Tick (character), a spoof comicbook superhero created by Ben Edlund in 1986
 * The Tick (1994 TV series), an animated series on Fox
 * The Tick (2001 TV series), a live-action series on Fox
 * The Tick (2016 TV series), a 2016 series on Amazon Prime
 * The Tick (video game), a 1994 game based on the 1994 TV series
 * Ticks (film), a 1993 direct-to-video horror film
 * "Ticks" (song), a 2007 single by Brad Paisley
 * "Ticking", a song by Elton John from Caribou
 * "Tick", a song by Ween from GodWeenSatan: The Oneness

Computing

 * Tick, atomic unit used to define system time in computing
 * Tick (software), a time tracking software
 * Tick, a delay of 1/18 seconds in IPX routing (IPX Rip) used instead of hop counting
 * Tick, a computer instruction cycle, which is, in some operating systems, a unit countable by software
 * Backtick, by which the character ` is sometimes known in computing

Other uses

 * Commodity tick, a unit of measurement of price movement of a stock or other exchange traded asset
 * Tick Segerblom (born 1948), an American attorney and politician
 * "The Tick", the Magellan Project Science Team's nickname for the first scalloped margin dome found on Venus
 * "Buying on tick", buying on credit
 * Ticked, isolated regions of pigment in dog coat coloration patterns
 * Ticked tabby, a coat pattern of tabby cat fur
 * Tick (pejorative), a pejorative used in Germany

title: Tick (disambiguation)


text:
A689 road

The A689 is a road in northern England that runs east from the A595, 3.1 mi to the west of Carlisle in Cumbria, to Hartlepool in County Durham.

The road begins west of Carlisle, just outside the city at the A595. The initial 5.13 mi stretch was recently constructed as part of the Carlisle Northern Development Route, a road bypassing Carlisle from west to north. Crossing the River Eden and the West Coast Main Line, the road intersects with Junction 44 of the M6 at Greymoorhill. From Junction 44 of the M6, the A689 runs roughly south-east to a roundabout, with the B6264. From here, the A689 heads east, and crosses the River Irthing at Ruleholme, then it meets the A69 at a roundabout junction. The A689 joins the route of the A69 around part of the Brampton bypass. Near the village of Milton, the A689 turns right, and continues through Milton and Hallbankgate before crossing the border into the county of Northumberland.

The route continues roughly south-east, and re-enters the county of Cumbria just north of the small market town of Alston. After passing through Alston, the A689 eventually crosses the border into County Durham, where the route still heads gradually south-east through Weardale. At Killhope Cross between Killhope and Nenthead the road reaches a height of 2056 ft, making it the highest A road and equal highest paved pass in England (or 3rd highest paved road in England. )

At a roundabout with the A68, the A689 briefly joins the route of the A690, before turning right in the town of Crook (for a few years has bypassed Crook town centre and now uses a new bypass). Heading south-easterly still, the A689 encounters the town of Bishop Auckland, where it temporarily heads north-easterly (where it merges with the A688), before setting off in an easterly direction north of Bishop Auckland.

The A689 meets the A167 at the Rushyford roundabout, then shortly comes across the A1(M) at Junction 58. The A689 by-passes the town of Sedgefield, and becomes dual carriageway standard for the remainder of the route, after the section between Sedgefield and Wynyard was upgraded to dual carriageway in 2001. The A689 meets the A19 near Wolviston, before turning north-east and eventually terminating close to the centre of Hartlepool.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: A689 road


text:
User:WolvenRose

About Me
I am a philosopher, a christain; I love animals, writing, and comedy. I do a lot of research and editing on wikipedia. I am failry smart, but not what you would call a nerd or geek. I know a lot about dogs and, more specifically, the bulldog and the rottweiler. I offer criticism to authors everywhere, so if you need a beta reader just Instant Message me on AOL, my screen name is SilentVixeness.

Pages I've Edited

 * Bulldogs
 * Cesky Terrier

Pages I've Created

 * 1) American Foxhound
 * 2) English Foxhound

title: User:WolvenRose


text:
James Siegel

James Siegel (born 1954) is an American thriller novelist. He holds a B.A. from the York College 1977, City University of New York, and lives in Manhattan and Sag Harbor, NY.

Siegel worked for many years as an advertising executive in New York City, with writing credits from the "Yo, Yao" ad that aired during Super Bowl XXXVII, and was Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of BBDO New York. Since leaving commercial advertising in 2006, he has been responsible for many political advertisements from Eliot Spitzer's gubernatorial campaign in New York in 2006 to Hillary Clinton's Presidential campaign in 2008. He continues to work in politics today.

The movie Derailed, a film based on his 2003 novel of the same name, was released on October 21, 2005. The novel was also adapted as the Tamil film Pachaikili Muthucharam.

In 2009, Siegel teamed up with stem cell advocate Brooke Ellison and directed the award-winning documentary "Hope Deferred".

In September 2013, Siegel married Laura Miller and lives with his two sons, Sander and Zachary.

title: James Siegel


text:
Gordon Liu

Gordon Liu (Lau Kar-fai ); born Sin Kam-hei (, 22 August 1951) is a Chinese actor and martial artist.

Born in Guangdong, Liu studied hung ga kung fu at the school founded by Lau Kar-leung’s father, Lau Cham. He entered the Hong Kong film industry as a stuntman. His early acting credits include minor roles in several Hong Kong kung fu films, including the Shaw Brothers-produced 5 Shaolin Masters (1974). He went on to appear in many Shaw Brothers films, such as Challenge of the Masters (1976), in which he portrayed the folk hero Wong Fei Hung, Executioners From Shaolin (1977), The 36th Chamber of Shaolin (1978), in which he played the lead role as Shaolin hero San Te, Dirty Ho (1979), Return to the 36th Chamber (1980), Martial Club (1981), The Eight Diagram Pole Fighter (1984), and Disciples of the 36th Chamber (1985). By the late-1980’s, he had begun accepting smaller roles, such as in Lau Kar-leung's Tiger on the Beat (1988).

Liu made his American debut in 2003. He played two roles in Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill films: Johnny Mo, the leader of the Crazy 88 yakuza gang in Volume 1 (2003), and kung fu master Pai Mei in Volume 2 (2004).

Early life
Liu was born Sin Kam-hei in Guangdong Province, China on 22 August 1951, prior to his adoption into another family. He is often wrongly cited as being the adopted son of Lau Cham, and adoptive brother of directors and actors Lau Kar-leung (Liu Chia-liang) and Lau Kar-wing (Liu Chia-Yung). He was not adopted by the family but is Lau Cham's godson.

In his youth (ages 15–20), he skipped school to train in Chinese martial arts without his parents' knowledge. He trained at Lau Cham's martial arts school of Hung Gar discipline, which descended from Wong Fei-hung's grand student (father to Lau Kar Leung). Lau Cham's wife assisted in his training and due to the friendship and respect Liu felt for Lau and his wife, he took on the name Lau Ka-fai. As he grew up, he found a job as a shipping clerk to make ends meet. His interests had always been towards martial arts and he was eventually offered a role by Lau Kar-leung.

Career
Liu's first break was with Chang's Film Company (a Shaw Brothers subsidiary operating in Taiwan) acting small parts for such films as 5 Shaolin Masters, Shaolin Martial Arts, and 4 Assassins. He starred in Challenge of the Masters (1976), as the folk hero Wong Fei Hung, and was featured in Executioners From Shaolin (1977) before starring in his signature role as Shaolin hero San Te in The 36th Chamber of Shaolin.

The tale of the imperialistic struggle, while not a new one, was significant for the intense focus placed on the inner workings of Shaolin Temple itself. San Te, Liu's character, overcomes the temple's thirty-five chambers as he unwittingly undergoes the rigorous training regimen imposed by the temple's Head Abbott on the pretext of "earning" a right to study martial arts there.

The "zero-to-hero" tale turned Liu into an international icon in spite of a frame far slighter than that of the folk hero himself (known as "Iron Arms" for the muscularity of his physique) and paved the way for a very healthy working schedule into the mid-1990s, even as younger, more agile martial artists eventually emerged. By the late 1980s, he had begun accepting smaller roles, such as in Lau Kar-leung's Tiger on the Beat.

Liu has also been active in television, and was contracted to Hong Kong's TVB company for many years, continuing playing roles as a martial arts master. Though still performing some martial arts roles, he is at home as well in comedic, self-deprecatory or emotional characters. His second-most common role in TVB has been playing a Hong Kong Police Force officer.

Quentin Tarantino had long been a fan of Liu, and hoped to find him a role in one of his movies. This eventually came to pass with the roles of Johnny Mo and Master Pai Mei in Tarantino's Kill Bill films. His roles in Kill Bill raised Liu's profile again and a renewed interest was shown by Chinese producers; since Kill Bill, Liu has returned to doing movies while continuing to do television for Hong Kong's TVB station.

In 2008, Liu added a Bollywood film to his profile. Collaborating with Indian actor Akshay Kumar who is a top-billed Bollywood actor and also a martial arts performer in a film titled Chandni Chowk To China (CC2C). He played the role of the villain, Hojo, a smuggler and a well-trained martial artist. Before this, he appeared as himself (along with his mentor Lau Kar Leung) in the 2009 film Dragonland, the first Italian documentary about martial cinema history, by Lorenzo De Luca. Liu attended as special guest star at the premiere in Rome, meeting his Italian fans for the first time. During August 2011, Liu had a stroke and put all his plans on hold to recover. Liu had cancelled all public engagements as of March 2012.

Personal life
Liu has been married twice. He has two daughters, Angie and Bonnie, from his first marriage which ended in 1986, and a son Kris (冼峻龙) and daughter Sonia (冼咏珊) from his second marriage with Ma Fei-feng (马飞凤) of Thai-descent which ended in 2009.

In August 2011, while in To Kwa Wan performing with his band, Liu had a stroke and hit his head. He had partial right-sided paralysis and a speech impairment as a consequence of the stroke, needing a wheelchair to travel. At the same time, his estranged family from his second marriage had begun pressuring him for money. Depressed at his physical state and family complications, he isolated himself in a nursing home. In June 2012, Liu decided to divorce his second wife and focus on his recovery.

During his medical crisis, Liu entrusted his assets to his assistant and spokesperson, Eva Fung. However, the two fell out, and Fung refused to return his assets. Subsequently in 2013, he arranged for Hong Kong actress Amy Fan to become the legal guardian of his assets. Liu later took legal action to recover his assets, and on April 29, 2014, a day before the court date, Fung agreed to return them with interest. In 2015, it was reported that he no longer spoke with a slur but continued to use a wheelchair, and that he had resided at a nursing home for several years.

title: Gordon Liu


text:
Talk:Historical language

obviously every language ever spoken could be in the list. it is pointless to strive for completeness here. I created this article to take some load off List of extinct languages which should concentrate on languages that have no living descendents, or even languages that went extinct in recent times. dab (ᛏ) 18:13, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Historical language


text:
User talk:Shanlung

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --KFP 18:13, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on contributors; personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks may lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing. Thank you. Deli nk 13:02, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Personal attack? Goodness! Is enquiring on whether you know about parrot and know enough of keeping parrot personal? After all, if someone decide to remove information from a subject, surely we all like to know that person background especially in a subject that person chose to 'edit'. Or are we to accept we have no right at all to ask?

Shanlung 03:41, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Tinkdragoneye500.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 10:08, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. However, the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Sabine's Sunbird talk 10:31, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * All pages are visible and anyone interested in following it will have no difficulty in doing so. By placing a message in your page I was giving you a friendly waring that your curent editing is slightly out of line. As for the parrot page is currently incomplete and mostly deals with taxonomy but is currently being considered for expansion to cover the important aspects of the biology and conservation of the order. Sabine's Sunbird talk 10:56, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

You saying that kid who deleted that link and who obviously has no clue about parrot is more in line the way you judge it? As said, if its just on taxonomy I will not be there. Then what about those other links? They are basically a collection of anecdotes which are that encylopedic?

Shanlung 11:16, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

About one of the links you returned after it was deleted
Your views have that much more impact if you tell me who you are and your background in the parrot world. Why must you remain in the dark when doing what you think you must do?

Shanlung 00:45, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

You have added the same external link many times after it has been deleted.
Please stop adding inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. It is considered spamming, and Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising. Thanks.

File permission problem with File:Tinkdragoneye500.jpg
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If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read the Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 13:38, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shanlung


text:
Andrew Martin Fairbairn

Andrew Martin Fairbairn, FBA (4 November 1838 – 1912) was a Scottish theological scholar, born near Edinburgh.

Education
Fairbairn was educated at the University of Edinburgh, the University of Berlin, and at the Evangelical Union Theological Academy in Glasgow. He entered the Congregational church ministry and held pastorates at Bathgate, West Lothian and at Aberdeen.

Educator
From 1877 to 1886 he was principal of Airedale College, Bradford, England, a post which he gave up to become the first principal of Mansfield College, Oxford. In the transference to the University of Oxford of the existing Spring Hill College, Birmingham, he took a considerable part, and he exercised influence not only over generations of his own students (most famous of which is probably Peter Taylor Forsyth), but also over a large number of undergraduates in the university generally. He was granted the degree of M.A. by a decree of Convocation, and in 1903 received an honorary Doctor of Literature degree. He was also awarded Doctor of Divinity degrees from Edinburgh and Yale universities, and a Doctor of Laws from the University of Aberdeen.

His activities were not, however, limited to his college work. He delivered the Muir lectures at Edinburgh University (1878–1882), the Gifford lectures at Aberdeen (1892–1894), the Lyman Beecher lecture at Yale (1891–1892), and the Haskell lectures in India (1898–1899). He was a member of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education in 1894–1895, and of the Royal Commission on the Endowments of the Welsh Church in 1906. In 1883 he was chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales. He resigned his position at Mansfield College in the spring of 1909. He was a prolific writer on theological subjects.

Reception
William Boothby Selbie writes in The Life of Andrew Martin Fairbairn: Among the subjects which occupied his attention in the years 1902 and 1903 were two articles for the second volume of the Cambridge Modern History... The first of these was on "Calvin and the Reformed Church," and the second on "Tendencies of European Thought in the Age of the Reformation." In Calvin Fairbairn had a subject altogether to his mind, and his study of him is among the best things he ever wrote.

Works

 * Studies in the Philosophy of Religion and History (1876)
 * Studies in the Life of Christ (1881)
 * Religion in History and in Modern Life (1884; rev. 1893)
 * Christ in Modern Theology (1893)
 * Christ in the Centuries (1893)
 * Catholicism Roman and Anglican (1899)
 * Philosophy of the Christian Religion (1902)

title: Andrew Martin Fairbairn


text:
Talk:John Part

VFD
Kept, see Votes for deletion/John Part Dunc|☺ 18:15, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Update
Anyone care to update this page regarding John's recent achievements? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.159.12.61 (talk • contribs) 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Johnpart.jpg
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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

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title: Talk:John Part


text:
Andrew Fairbairn

Andrew Fairbairn may refer to:

 * Andrew Martin Fairbairn (1838–1912), Scottish theological scholar
 * Sir Andrew Fairbairn (politician) (1828–1901), British Member of Parliament, 1880–1886
 * Andrew Fairbairn (cricketer) (1862–1925), New Zealand cricketer

title: Andrew Fairbairn


text:
User:SingularityZero

Adam Strange
Professional artist, amateur screenwriter, volunteer political psychologist.

 INTERESTS: Modest Mouse, writing, painting, filmmaking, astronomy, geology, particle physics, etymology, postmodernism

WHY I'M HERE: It's a great source for semi, almost partially 'factional', reference material.

WHERE I'M FROM: Los Angeles > Las Vegas > Modesto > Long Beach > New Orleans > Santa Cruz > New York > Hollywood

HOW TO CONTACT ME: www.adamstrange.com

DREAMY QUOTE: There is no greater gift a parent can give their children than an innate ability to earn a living simply by being themselves. - Katherine Dunn, Geek Love

RECENT PAINTING: Nightly Moloko by Adam Strange 2011 Oil on Masonite

A BOOK MY WORK IS IN: La Luz de Jesus 25: The Little Gallery That Could To celebrate the 25th anniversary of La Luz de Jesus, mastermind Billy Shire has organized a monumental group show featuring around 300 artists, each of whom have contributed one new piece and a written anecdote about their experience with the gallery. In 25 years of groundbreaking exhibitions, this is La Luz's first published survey, featuring three generations of the most important artists working today. The book, a companion to the show, chronicles the rich legacy of La Luz de Jesus and the thriving art movements it helped launch. Involved in the La Luz de Jesus 25th Anniversary project is a who's-who of art, including Robert Williams, Joe Coleman, Glenn Barr, Elizabeth McGrath, the Clayton Brothers, Gary Panter, Mark Mothersbaugh, Lou Beach, Hudson Marquez, Aaron Smith, Owen Smith, Frank Kozik, Manuel Ocampo, Don Ed Hardy, Jeff Soto, Dave Cooper, Daniel Martin Diaz, Scott Musgrove, Bari Kumar, Tim Biskup, Joe Sorren, Chris Mars, Jessica Joslin, The Pizz, Coop, Shag, Gary Baseman, Bob Dob, and many more who haven't confirmed at this writing.

title: User:SingularityZero


text:
Savang Vadhana

Sri Savarindira (ศรีสวรินทิรา;, 10 September 1862 – 17 December 1955), also known as Savang Vadhana (สว่างวัฒนา; ), was the royal wives, agnatic half-sister and one of the four principal chief consort of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), but she was not the Rajini or supreme queen consort. After her first grandson's accession to power in 1935, she became known as Somdetch Phra Phan Vassa Ayika Chao (สมเด็จพระพันวัสสาอัยยิกาเจ้า; ; "the Queen Grandmother"). All her children died before her and she lived to see her grandsons Ananda Mahidol and Bhumibol Adulyadej take the throne.

Life
She was the 27th daughter of King Rama IV (King Mongkut or Rama IV) and Princess Consort Piam and thus her husband's half-sister. Her marriage to Chulalongkorn produced the following children:

 * Crown Prince Maha Vajirunhis (27 June 1878 – 4 January 1894)
 * Prince Isariyalongkorn (4 September 1879 – 25 September 1879)
 * Princess Vichitra Chiraprabha (21 April 1881 – 15 August 1881)
 * Prince Sommatiwongse Varodaya, the Prince of Sri Dharmaraj (9 June 1882 – 17 June 1899)
 * Princess Valaya Alongkorn, the Princess of Phetchaburi (16 April 1884 – 15 February 1938)
 * Princess Sirabhorn Sobhon (19 July 1888 – 24 May 1898)
 * Prince Mahidol Adulyadej, the Prince of Songkla, (posthumously The Prince Father of Thailand; 1 January 1892 – 24 September 1929), father of Princess Galyani Vadhana, King Rama VIII, and King Rama IX
 * Unnamed princess (9 November 1893 – 12 November 1893)

In addition, the queen also adopted several of her husband's children and raised them as her own children:
 * Yaovabha Bongsanid (28 August 1884 – 13 June 1934), first child of Chao Chom Manda Mom Rajawongse Nueng Sanidvongs
 * Prabha Bannabilaya (13 August 1885 – 8 September 1948), first child of Chao Chom Manda Phrom
 * Rangsit Prayurasakdi, the Prince of Chainat (12 November 1885 – 7 March 1951), second child of Chao Chom Manda Mom Rajawongse Nueng Sanidvongs, later served briefly as Regent of Siam for his nephew King Bhumibol Adulyadej
 * Vapi Busbakara (25 June 1891 – 15 December 1982), fourth child of Chao Chom Manda Phrom

All of her biological children died before her death, including two of her sons first in line to the throne, Vajirunhis and Mahidol.

When King Prajadhipok (or Rama VII) abdicated in 1935, the son of Queen Savang Vadhana's youngest son, Prince Ananda Mahidol, acceded to the throne as King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII). She received the title of Queen Grandmother, having been renamed Sri Savarindira by King Prajadhipok while she was Queen Aunt.

Queen Sri Savarindira was also the grandmother of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). Although her son, Crown Prince Maha Vajirunhis did not survive to become king she lived to see two of her grandsons become king.

The Queen also helped establish a hospital in Si Racha District, Chonburi Province, known today as Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, operated by the Thai Red Cross Society.

Death
She died on 17 December 1955, at the age of 93. Her ashes were interred in the Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit, Bangkok. A residence of the queen can be seen at the Bang Pa-In Royal Palace. She resided in latter years at Sa Pathum Palace, The Royal Private Residence, located behind Siam Paragon Shopping center in downtown Bangkok, where a museum dedicated to her is being constructed at the Tamnak Yai Mansion (Grand mansion) inside Sa Pathum Palace. Her state funeral was the first to be covered briefly on television by the young Television of Thailand channel.

Queen Savang Vadhana Foundation was founded on 27 October 2005 under the aegis of Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, her great-granddaughter.

Styles

 * 10 September 1862 - 1868 : Her Royal Highness Princess Savang Vadhana
 * (พระเจ้าลูกเธอ พระองค์เจ้าสว่างวัฒนา; Phra Chao Luk Thoe Phra Ong Chao Savang Vadhana)
 * 1868 - 1878 : Her Royal Highness Princess Savang Vadhana (The king's sister)
 * (พระเจ้าน้องนางเธอ พระองค์เจ้าสว่างวัฒนา; Phra Chao Nong Nang Thoe Phra Ong Chao Savang Vadhana)
 * 1878 - 12 August 1880 : Her Royal Highness Princess Savang Vadhana, The Royal Consort
 * (พระนางเจ้าสว่างวัฒนา พระราชเทวี; Phra Nang Chao Savang Vadhana Phra Rajadevi)
 * 12 August 1880 - 17 February 1881 : Her Royal Highness Princess Savang Vadhana, The Princess Consort
 * (สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสว่างวัฒนา พระราชเทวี; Somdet Phra Nang Chao Savang Vadhana Phra Rajadevi)
 * 17 February 1881 - 1920 : Her Majesty Queen Savang Vadhana
 * (สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสว่างวัฒนา พระบรมราชเทวี; Somdet Phra Nang Chao Savang Vadhana Phra Borommarajadevi)
 * 1920 - 21 March 1925 : Her Majesty Queen Savang Vadhana, The Queen Aunt
 * (สมเด็จพระมาตุจฉาเจ้าสว่างวัฒนา พระบรมราชเทวี; Somdet Phra Matuccha Chao Savang Vadhana Phra Borommarajadevi)
 * 21 March 1925 - 25 March 1934 : Her Majesty Queen Sri Savarindira, The Queen Aunt
 * (สมเด็จพระศรีสวรินทิราบรมราชเทวี พระพันวัสสามาตุจฉาเจ้า; Somdet Phra Sri Savarindira Borommarajadevi Phra Phan Vassa Matuccha Chao)
 * 25 March 1934 - 17 December 1955 : Her Majesty Queen Sri Savarindira, The Queen Grandmother of Thailand
 * (สมเด็จพระศรีสวรินทิราบรมราชเทวี พระพันวัสสาอัยยิกาเจ้า; Somdet Phra Sri Savarindira Borommarajadevi Phra Phan Vassa Ayika Chao)

Honours

 * Order of the Royal House of Chakri (Thailand) ribbon.svg The Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri
 * Order of the Nine Gems (Thailand) ribbon.svg The Ancient and Auspicious of Order of the Nine Gems
 * Order of Chula Chom Klao - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Dame Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao
 * Ratana Varabhorn Order of Merit ribbon.png Dame of the Ratana Varabhorn Order of Merit
 * Order of the Crown of Thailand - Special Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
 * King Rama IV Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama IV Royal Cypher Medal (Second Class)
 * King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama V Royal Cypher Medal (First Class)
 * King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama VI Royal Cypher Medal (First Class)
 * King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal (First Class)
 * King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama VIII Royal Cypher Medal (First Class)
 * King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (Thailand) ribbon.svg King Rama IX Royal Cypher Medal (First Class)

title: Savang Vadhana


text:
Talk:Helsinki Olympic Stadium

Untitled
Consider renaming to Olympic Stadium (Helsinki) ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.59.94.162 (talk) 18:15, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Nah, I think "Helsinki Olympic Stadium" is fine. It's simpler and cleaner, and just as accurate. --Jonik 11:50, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

I removed Iron maiden from Notes. There's no point in telling such trivia just because it's someone's favourite band. This summer(2008) also Bon Jovi and Bruce Springsteen have a consert on the stadium. Iron maiden isn't nothing special worth mentioning.62.142.174.50 (talk) 12:08, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are need for —41.95.4.125 (talk) 06:57, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

Not changed - Coords appear to be correct. Feel free to re-tag with specific explanation of what you feel needs to be checked or fixed. —  T RANSPORTER M AN  ( TALK ) 21:21, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Orphaned references in Helsinki Olympic Stadium
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Helsinki Olympic Stadium's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "info": From Espoo:  From Camp Nou:  From Museum of Technology, Helsinki:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:07, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

Capacity
Capacity has been relegated during the renovqtion. Total capacity in football is now about 33 000. 2001:14BB:A4:2AF3:0:0:2296:7401 (talk) 10:22, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Helsinki Olympic Stadium


text:
Talk:Dew point

Questions
April 22 2024. How much moisture condenses at dew point? All that is in the air, or just what brings humidity below dew point?

I have two questions / suggestions for extra material.

1. I understand the diagram shows the percentage of water vapour that can be carried as a component of air at a given temperature. But what is it a percentage by? Percentage weight, percentage volume, percentage of moles, something else?

 * I believe (and this is from reading the axis on a Psychrometrics) it is w/w.

 * What is the purpose of the first diagram? It is not really used in the text. - 13:34, 29 January 2009 - 80.165.82.22

2. Are the physiological reasons known why a high dew point is held to be oppressive? Notinasnaid 15:51, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Because a high dew point -> higher wet bulb temperature -> sweat evaporates less -> less cooling from sweat -> body shuts down to prevent overheating and heat stroke. Humans can survive surprisingly high ambient temperatures as long as it is dry.  I recall some army guy got in an oven and cooked himself at something like 120C for 5 minutes and survived by drinking water and sweating like crazy. njh 10:12, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this is explained quite well in the article. However, there must be an error in the calculation of relative humidity in the table, since the ranges overlap whereas the temperature ranges does not. - 13:34, 29 January 2009 - 80.165.82.22

will a change in air temperature cause the dew point temperature to change as well? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.6.155.118 (talk) 02:22, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

dew points
Actually, the Melbourne FL dew point seems to be called more into question than the ones in the Midwest such as Appleton. So will this continue even with a more reliable source? B137 (talk) 23:05, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Discussions about article content should take place on the article's talk page rather than user talk pages, so I've moved it here. Called into question by whom?  In any case, I removed the entire section as unsourced.  If anyone can find  sources for records, then by all means, include them.  –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 23:15, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Would these also count as bad sources?

https://www.postcrescent.com/story/news/2019/07/19/wisconsin-heat-appleton-once-recorded-heat-index-148-degrees/1781994001/ https://komonews.com/weather/scotts-weather-blog/debunking-the-its-90-degrees-with-90-humidity-claims-back-east
 * All likely source to the same weather record database. B137 (talk) 23:17, 29 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Also, a would have indicated where this was moved to. B137 (talk) 23:33, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

New dew point record
It looks like the 2003 Saudi Arabia dew point record has been recently broken. The dew point temperature was 97 degrees F which is 2 degrees higher than the record. https://twitter.com/US_Stormwatch/status/1691596872903979036 47.12.180.193 (talk) 23:30, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

Incorrect or misleading Arden Buck equation for dew point
In the section on the Arden Buck equation I believe the wrong equation is being used to calculate dew point. The equation in the article is Td = c*γ/(b-γ), but I believe that is only valid for the three constant version. In the 1981 Buck paper he gives the equation for calculating dew point with the additional d constant as: Td = (d/2) * [b - γ - ((b - γ)2 - 4*c*γ/d)1/2]. I stumbled across this because I wrote some code to convert back and forth between RH and dew point, and I found I was getting different answers depending on which direction the calculation went. Switching to the second equation fixed this issue. Madeemay (talk) 20:01, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

 * In my opinion only the Simple approximation should be included in the page, with one or two sentences point to the more complex ones with references. Johnjbarton (talk) 21:16, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dew point


text:
Talk:Olympiastadion (Munich)

Untitled
Consider renaming to Olympic Stadium (Munich). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.59.94.162 (talk) 18:17, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Useless
Excuse me, but why is it necessary to mention that this was the venue for England's 5-1 win over Germany?-A Bulgarian from Bulgaria. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.50.17.121 (talk) 17:07, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with your comment (and I'm English!) Rangemean 12:32, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I guess this match is just really well known Quark1005 (talk) 08:53, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Quote: "Until the construction of the Allianz Arena for the 2006 World Cup, the stadium was home to Bayern Munich and TSV 1860 Munich. Today, the Olympiastadion holds 69,250." Holds 69,250 of what, people? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.23.126.124 (talk) 03:34, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Obviously, though the placement of that information at that point in the article seems a bit odd. 108.246.205.134 (talk) 23:08, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

Focus of the Article
The Munich Olympic Stadium Article seems to me at present to be overly focussed on the events of the 1972 Olympics, which are already covered in that section. From an architectural and socio-cultural aspect, the stadium's impact on Munich as whole has hardly been addressed. I also agree with the above; the humiliation of the German National team does not belong here. If it belongs anywhere, then perhaps under the histories of the respective teams involved. In general, the significance and depth represented by the Munich Olympic Stadium his not been done justice. Roger2dc 22:39, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

English concerns
Why is this article mentioning English football concerns? There are also other countries in the world using that language and this is a stadium article anyway, not a history of Norwich City FC. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.168.106.69 (talk) 14:36, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Munich Olympia Stadium and movie "Munich"
In the movie "Munich" shots were seen from the Munich Olympic Stadium when members from a national team meet the later hostage takers. But were those shots actually taken there?Haighton 12:07, 10 April 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Haighton (talk • contribs) 12:03, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 21:33, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Olympiastadion (Munich)


text:
Suryavarman I

Suryavarman I (សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី១; posthumously Nirvanapada) was king of the Khmer Empire from 1006 to 1050. Suryavarman usurped King Udayadityavarman I, defeating his armies in approximately 1002. After a protracted war with Udayadityavarman's would-be successor, Jayavirahvarman, Suryavarman I claimed the throne in 1010. Suryavarman was a Mahayana Buddhist who was also tolerant of the growing Theravada Buddhist presence in the Khmer kingdom.

Biography
Suryavarman I established diplomatic relations with the Chola dynasty of south India (Tamilnadu) around 1012. Suryavarman I sent a chariot as a present to the Chola Emperor Rajendra Chola I. It seems that the Khmer king Suryavarman I requested aid from the powerful Chola Emperor Rajendra Chola against the Tambralinga kingdom. After learning of Suryavarman's alliance with Rajendra Chola I, the Tambralinga kingdom requested aid from the Srivijaya king Sangrama Vijayatungavarman. That eventually led to the Chola Empire coming into conflict with the Srivijiya Empire. The war ended with a victory for the Chola dynasty and the Khmer Empire, major losses for the Sri Vijaya Empire and the Tambralinga kingdom.

His reign lasted some 40 years, and he spent much of that time defending it. Known as the "King of the Just Laws," he consolidated his political power by inviting some 4000 local officials to the royal palace and swear an oath of allegiance to him. Suryavarman favored Buddhism but allowed the people to continue practising Hinduism. His palace was situated in the vicinity of Angkor Thom, and he was the first Khmer ruler to protect his palace with a wall.

In the inscription at Tuol Ta Pec, Suryavarman is said to have known of the principles of the six Vedangas.

Suryavarman expanded his territory to the west to Lopburi, including the Menam basin in Thailand, and east into the Mekong basin.

Suryavarman probably started construction at Preah Khan Kompong Svay and expanded Banteay Srei, Wat Ek Phnom, and Phnom Chisor. The major constructions by the king were the Prasat Preah Vihear, on Dangrek Mountain, and completion of the Phimeanakas and Ta Keo. Suryavarman also started the second Angkor reservoir, the West Baray, which is 8 km long and 2.1 km wide. It held more than 123 million liters of water. That is the largest Khmer reservoir to survive. There is some indication that Suryavarman sent a gift to Rajendra Chola I, the Chola Emperor.

During his reign, 47 cities (known as 47 pura) were under the control of Khmer Empire.

Suryavarman died in 1050 and was given the posthumous title Nirvanapada ("the king who has gone to nirvana"), a nod to his Buddhist beliefs. He was succeeded by his sons, Udayadityavarman II, who died around 1066, and Harshavarman III (Sadasivapada), who continued the struggle against internal rebellions and fought off assaults from the Chams until his death in 1080.

In popular culture
The video game Age of Empires II HD: Rise of the Rajas contains a five-chapter campaign titled "Suryavarman I".

title: Suryavarman I


text:
Vorbasse

Vorbasse with a population of 1,261 (1 January 2024) is the 4th largest town in Billund Municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Annually, the biggest market in Denmark is arranged, Vorbasse Market (running for the 288th year, as of 2018), with approximately 250,000 visitors. The town is also renowned for having its own little naval port, Vorbasse Krigshavn, actually a village pond dominated by the bridge of a former Russian submarine from 1988 until its removal during the 2003 renovation. It still harbours the model warship 'Labri', which is ceremonially launched every Easter.

In archaeology Vorbasse is well known for its large scale excavations of a settlement that had existed from the 1st century BC to the 11th century AD. The settlement consisted of a number of identical farms spread along a central street. The farm buildings, each set within its own large enclosure, contained a long house with generally sloping stone walls built without mortar and several smaller surrounding annexes. The roof of the long house tended to be curved with the centre being higher than the ends.

Notable people

 * Henrik Dam Kristensen (born 1957 in Vorbasse) a Danish politician and the current speaker of the Danish parliament

title: Vorbasse


text:
Sestiere

A sestiere (: sestieri) is a subdivision of certain Italian towns and cities. The word is from sesto (lit. 'sixth'), so it is thus used only for towns divided into six districts. The best-known example is the sestieri of Venice, but Ascoli Piceno, Genoa, Milan and Rapallo, for example, were also divided into sestieri. The medieval Lordship of Negroponte, on the island of Euboea, was also at times divided into six districts, each with a separate ruler, through the arbitration of Venice, which were known as sestieri. The island of Crete, a Venetian colony (the Kingdom of Candia) from the Fourth Crusade, was also divided into six parts, named after the sestieri of Venice herself, while the capital Candia retained the status of a comune of Venice. The island of Burano north of Venice is also subdivided into sestieri.

A variation of the word is occasionally found: the comune of Leonessa, for example, is divided into sesti or sixths.

Other Italian towns with fewer than six official districts are frequently divided into analogous quartieri (4, whence the English word "quarter" to mean a neighbourhood) or terzieri (3); some towns merely refer to these neighbourhoods by the non-number-specific rioni. Sestieri, quartieri, terzieri, rioni, and their analogues are usually no longer administrative divisions of these towns, but historical and traditional communities, most often seen in their sharpest relief in the town's annual Palio.

title: Sestiere


text:
Hippuric acid

Hippuric acid (Gr. hippos, horse, ouron, urine) is a carboxylic acid and organic compound. It is found in urine and is formed from the combination of benzoic acid and glycine. Levels of hippuric acid rise with the consumption of phenolic compounds (such as in fruit juice, tea and wine). The phenols are first converted to benzoic acid, and then to hippuric acid and excreted in urine.

Hippuric acid crystallizes in rhombic prisms which are readily soluble in hot water, melt at 187 °C, and decompose at about 240 °C. High concentrations of hippuric acid may also indicate a toluene intoxication; however, scientists have called this correlation into question because there are other variables that affect levels of hippuric acid. When many aromatic compounds such as benzoic acid and toluene are taken internally, they are converted to hippuric acid by reaction with the amino acid, glycine.

Synthesis
A modern synthesis of hippuric acid involves the acylation of glycine with benzoyl chloride ("Schotten–Baumann reaction").
 * Hippuric acid Schotten-Baumann.svg

Physiology
Biochemically, hippuric acid is produced from benzoic acid and glycine, which occurs in the liver, intestine, and kidneys. In terms of mechanism, benzoic acid is converted to benzoyl CoA, an acylating agent.

Hippuric acid may be formed from the essential amino acid phenylalanine through at least two pathways. Phenylalanine undergoes biotransformation to form an alpha-keto acid, phenylpyruvic acid, which can tautomerize to a reactive enol. The benzylic carbon is reactive which undergoes peroxidation followed by the competing pathways to either react with the alpha carbon subsequently form an dioxetanol intermediate followed by formation of oxalic acid and benzaldehyde, or, peroxidation can react with the carboxyl group to form an alpha-keto-beta-peroxylactone intermediate followed by formation of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and benzaldehyde. Alternatively, under certain conditions, phenylpyruvic acid may undergo a redox mechanism, such as Iron(II) donating an electron, to directly release carbon dioxide, followed by carbon monoxide, for the formation of a stable toluene radical which is resolved by an antioxidant such as ascorbate. In all of the aforementioned cases, benzaldehyde undergoes biotransformation via CYP450 to benzoic acid followed by conjugation to glycine for formation of hippurate which undergoes urinary excretion. Similarly, toluene reacts with CYP450 to form benzaldehyde.

Hippuric acid has been reported to be a marker for Parkinson's disease.

Reactions
Hippuric acid is readily hydrolysed by hot caustic alkalis to benzoic acid and glycine. Nitrous acid converts it into benzoyl glycolic acid, C6H5C(=O)OCH2CO2H. Its ethyl ester reacts with hydrazine to form hippuryl hydrazine, C6H5CONHCH2CONHNH2, which was used by Theodor Curtius for the preparation of hydrazoic acid.

History
Justus von Liebig showed in 1829 that hippuric acid differed from benzoic acid and he named it, and in 1834 he determined its constitution, while in 1853 French chemist Victor Dessaignes (1800–1885) synthesized it by the action of benzoyl chloride on the zinc salt of glycine. It was also formed by heating benzoic anhydride with glycine, and by heating benzamide with monochloroacetic acid.

title: Hippuric acid


text:
Dean Winters

Dean Gerard Winters (born July 20, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Ryan O'Reily on the HBO prison drama Oz and his roles in the TV series Millennium, Rescue Me, 30 Rock, Sex and the City, and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, as well as portraying "Mayhem" in a series of Allstate Insurance commercials. He co-starred in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series Battle Creek and had a recurring role as "The Vulture" on the comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine. He can be seen in the 2023 Netflix film The Out-Laws and the 2024 AMC series Monsieur Spade.

Early life
Winters was born in New York City on July 30, 1964. He was raised on Long Island. He is of Irish and Italian descent, and speaks fluent Italian. He has two brothers, actor Scott and writer Bradford, and a sister, Blair. Winters spent his teenage years in Scottsdale, Arizona. He attended Chaparral High School and graduated from Brophy College Preparatory, a Jesuit school in Phoenix, in 1982, and from Colorado College in 1986.

Personal life
Winters has neuropathy, resulting in numbness and sensitivity issues in his hands and feet. In 2009, Winters contracted a bacterial infection and went into cardiac arrest. He underwent multiple surgeries and developed gangrene, resulting in the amputation of two of his toes and half of one of his thumbs.

Career
Winters has appeared in two of the Law & Order television series: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, where he was a regular in the first season, and as a guest star in the Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Purgatory". He also made an appearance in Season 2 of the television series Sex and the City as John McFadden. More than ten years after his final appearance on SVU, he again portrayed Detective Brian Cassidy in the 13th-season finale "Rhodium Nights", became a recurring character in the 14th season and, in the 15th season, also became Captain Olivia Benson's love interest. He has also made guest appearances on Homicide: Life on the Street, Third Watch, NYPD Blue, CSI: Miami and as Dennis Duffy in 30 Rock as well as previously having an accompanying role in Rescue Me.

He starred in the 1999 romantic comedy Undercover Angel with Yasmine Bleeth and the 2002 direct-to-video horror film Hellraiser: Hellseeker. He played Tom in P.S. I Love You. Winters played Detective Sam Tyler's father in the US version of Life on Mars. He also played Charley Dixon, Sarah Connor's love interest, in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles.

Winters performed stand-up comedy at Catch a Rising Star, The Comic Strip, and the Comedy Cellar alongside notable comedians Jerry Seinfeld, Paul Reiser, and Chris Rock. An HBO comedy special led him to the role he portrayed on Oz, the HBO-produced prison drama.

Winters was cast in the ABC drama pilot Happy Town, from the creators of October Road, but was replaced by Steven Weber after shooting the pilot.

Winters was away from acting until 2010, when Tina Fey brought him back to 30 Rock. Also that year, Winters was introduced as "Mayhem", a recurring character in a television and radio advertising campaign for Allstate Insurance created by the advertising agency Leo Burnett Chicago. In 2019, Fey joined Winters in a series of "Mayhem" commercials.

Winters played Avi in John Wick. Winters co-starred in one season of the CBS cop drama series Battle Creek, playing a small-town police force detective opposite Josh Duhamel, the FBI resident agent assigned to the town. The series was canceled in May 2015. He had a recurring role on Brooklyn Nine-Nine as The Vulture and had a supporting role as a divorce attorney on the HBO series Divorce. In 2018, he was cast as Mr. Town in the second season of Starz's American Gods. In 2019, he was in the film Framing John DeLorean.

title: Dean Winters


text:
Peter II, Count of Alençon

Peter II of Alençon, called The Noble (1340 – 20 September 1404; Pierre II d'Alençon, or Pierre de Valois), was Count of Alençon from 1361 and Count of Perche from 1377. He was the son of Charles II of Alençon and Maria de la Cerda.

Biography
Peter II of Alençon (French: Pierre d'Alençon) was born in 1340 to Charles II, Count of Alençon and Perche and his wife, Maria de la Cerda, Countess of Alençon. Upon his father's death in 1346, Peter's elder brother, Charles, inherited the title of "Count of Alençon".

Knighted in 1350, Peter was one of the hostages exchanged for King John after the Battle of Poitiers, and did not return to France until 1370. He and his younger brother, Robert of Alençon, Count of Perche, campaigned against the English in Aquitaine. In 1371, the French took Limoges, but failed to capture Usson.

In 1361, Peter's elder brother, Charles III, Count of Alençon, renounced his counties and became a Dominican friar, choosing Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques in Paris. Philip, the eldest of Charles's younger brothers, had become bishop of Beauvais in 1356, and so their mother obtained permission from King John II of France to divide the counties between the remaining brothers, Peter and Robert. Peter received Alençon, and became Count of Alençon, while Perche was assigned to Robert, who became Count of Perche.

In 1372, Peter bought the town, château, and surrounding lands of Argentan, one of the most important towns in Normandy, for 6,000 livres in gold. Peter later moved his court to Argentan, as it was a fortified hilltop town about 15 mi north of Alençon.

Upon the death of his younger brother, Robert of Alençon, Count of Perche in 1377, Peter also inherited his title of Count of Perche, including the lands of Perche and fortresses at Bellême and Exmes, as Robert had no surviving issue. The inheritance was approved by King Charles V of France.

Peter subsequently fought under Bertrand du Guesclin in Brittany; was wounded before Hennebont; and took part in an expedition against William I of Guelders in 1388.

Marriage and issue
On 10 October 1371, at the age of 31, Peter married Marie Chamaillard, Viscountess of Beaumont-au-Maine (c. 1350–18 November 1425), the daughter of William (Guillaume) II Chamaillard, seigneur (viscount) d'Anthenaise (c. 1320–1391) and Lady Marie de Beaumont-Brienne. The Chamaillard family was a powerful noble family, originally from Anjou. Marie Chamaillard was heiress to the seigneury of Pouancé, including Pouancé Castle, and four other fiefs, adding them to the fiefs already owned by her husband.

The couple had eight children, though their birth order is disputed:

 * 1) Marie of Alençon (29 March 1373 or 21 Mar 1374–1417 or 1418), born at the Château d'Essay in Essay, Orne. She married  John VII of Harcourt, Count of Harcourt and Aumale, son of John (Jean) VI, Count of Harcourt and Aumale, and his wife, Catherine de Bourbon, the sister of Joanna of Bourbon, Queen of France, on 17 March 1389 or 1390. Marie died before 1417 or 1418 at the Cordeliers Convent. Had issue.
 * 2) Peter (Pierre) (1374–1375), born at the Château d'Argentan in Argentan. Per Cagny's Chronique d'Alençon, the infant Pierre "was poorly governed by the women who looked after him and by his nurse", and died as a result. He was buried at Perseigne Abbey.
 * 3) John I (Jean I) (1375–1376), born at the Château d'Argentan in Argentan. He was buried at Perseigne Abbey.
 * 4) Marie d'Alençon (1376–1377), buried at Perseigne Abbey.
 * 5) Jeanne of Alençon (c. 1372 or 1377–6 August 1403), born at the Château d'Essay in Essay, Orne, and died at the Château d'Argentan in Argentan. No issue.
 * 6) Catherine of Alençon (1380–22 or 25 June 1462, Hôtel d'Auxerre, Paris), born at the Château d'Verneuil in Verneuil-sur-Avre, Eure. She firstly married in April 1411 to Peter d'Évreux, Infante of Navarre and Count of Mortain (1366–1412), at the Château d'Alençon in Alençon; and married secondly to Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (1365–1447) on 1 October 1413 in Paris. On 29 August 1404, per the last will and testament of her father, Catherine became the heiress to the Château d'Exmes in Exmes; the viscounty of Saint-Sylvain and Thuit; as well as the two seigneuries of Saint-Loyer-des-Champs and Aunou-le-Faucon. No surviving issue.
 * 7) Marguerite of Alençon (1383 – aft. 4 Sep 1404), born at the Château d'Argentan in Argentan. She became a nun at Argentan Abbey. No issue.
 * 8) John I of Alençon (Jean I) (9 May 1385–1415), born at the Château d'Essay in Essay, Orne. In 1396, he married Marie of Brittany (1391–1446), daughter of John IV, Duke of Brittany and Joan of Navarre. In 1404, upon his father's death, he succeeded him as Count of Alençon and Perche. He was made Duke of Alençon in 1414. Had issue.

He also had one illegitimate son with Jeanne de Maugastel, Dame de Blandé, the wife of Pierre Cointerel, Count of Aunou-le-Faucon and Viscount of Perche under Peter:
 * 1) Peter,  "Bastard of Alençon" (French: Le Bâtard d'Alençon) (c. 1375–d. aft. January 1422), Lord of Aunou-le-Faucon

In popular culture
In the 2021 film The Last Duel directed by Ridley Scott, his role was played by actor Ben Affleck.

title: Peter II, Count of Alençon


text: Template:Yuba County, California

title: Template:Yuba County, California


text:
Talk:Mazatlán

Natural English
I did some work on making the English more natural. As stated elsewhere, it seems like this is a translation of the Spanish version. While the translation is helpful, it needs to become much more natural-sounding before it can be considered a quality article. With my limited knowledge of Spanish, I've found it difficult to clean up some of the phrasing, not knowing what the original meaning is. I'll keep working on it as time permits, but if someone with better knowledge of Spanish could help clean this up, it would be much appreciated. schanker21 13:25, 3 October 2012

Clean-up
As requested by a clean-up notification (which I've since removed), I have done some revisions, in a new section called "History," to make that section conform to standard English usage. (I think the original contributor of those portions might have been a Spanish-language editor, though his edits were otherwise very helpful.) I haven't yet sourced the new material, however. If someone would like to help, it would be much appreciated. Thank you. Berenise 10:52, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

I have reinstated the clean-up notification. This articles has a lot of repetition and only 2 references which is absolutely unacceptable for an encyclopedia article. Information needs to either be sourced or removed. This is an important city in Mexico and it should have a high quality article about it. Gopats92 00:48, 23 March 2011

More clean-up
I fixed a paragraph with "mercy" in it, which in this context is a "land grant" in English. This whole article closely matches the Spanish-language version and may have been translated by computer. Thank you to whoever did that! 24.5.236.123 (talk) 19:21, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Economic Info
What keeps the city going? Surely there must be some fishing, industry, retail businesses, tourism etc. Can anyone find the info for this? Vogensen 22:45, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

The top industries are beer, fishing, and the port (largest port between San Diego and South America), then tourism is 4th.

Beer is VERY prevalent there, there is a Pacifico beer Brewery in Mazatlán. Jewelry is also very big part of the culture (silver more than anything).

I visted Mazatlan about four years ago. Pacifico beer was a big export. However the industy there were most proud of is shrimp. They have the biggest and most bountiful shrimp market I've ever seen.

The Mayor is not Isaac Lopez Arregui
it is Jorge Abel Lopez Sanchez, even if i modify it you keep changing it... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.186.51.77 (talk) 22:10, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Neutrality Dispute?
Why is there a neutrality dispute box on the page? I can't find any disagreements / issues. I move to remove it from the site. 65.94.183.238 (talk) 20:14, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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It is remarkable to note that in the home of the Sinaloa drug cartel there is no mention of crime. No mention of the cartel. No mention of drugs. Is this somehow an oversight or deliberate neglect? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2002:881A:1D2C:0:0:0:0:3 (talk) 00:46, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * This right here. How has this not been corrected!? Iboughtavanagon (talk) 19:00, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mazatlán


text:
Peter Talbot (bishop)

Peter Talbot (29 June 1618 – 15 November 1680) was an Irish Roman Catholic religious leader who served as Archbishop of Dublin from 1669 until to his death in prison in 1680. He was a victim of the Popish Plot.

Early life
Talbot was born at Malahide on 29 June 1618 to Sir William Talbot and his wife Alison. In May 1635, he entered the Society of Jesus in Portugal. He was ordained a priest at Rome on either 6 April 1647 or 6 June 1648.

According to archbishop Oliver Plunkett, Talbot proved "so troublesome" that he was made to carry out the tertian stage of his probation in Florence.

Talbot held the chair of theology at the College of Antwerp. In the meantime during the Commonwealth period, Charles II and the royal family were compelled to seek refuge in Europe. Throughout the period of the king's exile, Talbot's brothers were attached to the royal court. The eldest brother, Sir Robert Talbot, 2nd Baronet, had held a high commission under James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond in the army in Ireland and was reckoned among the king's most confidential advisers. A younger brother, Richard Talbot, later 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, was also devoted to the cause of the exiled monarch and stood high in royal favour.

Appointments
Peter Talbot himself was constantly in attendance on Charles II and his court. On account of his knowledge of the continental languages, he was repeatedly dispatched to private embassies in Lisbon, Madrid, and Paris. On the return of the king to London, Talbot received an appointment as Queen's Almoner, but the Clarendon and Ormond faction, which was then predominant, feared his influence with the king. He was accused of conspiring with four Jesuits to assassinate the Duke of Ormond, and he was forced to seek safety by resigning his position at Court and retiring to continent Europe. The king allowed him a pension of three hundred pounds a year. Before his return to England, Talbot had, with the approval of the General of the Jesuits, severed his connection with the Society.

He was appointed Archbishop of Dublin in 1669. Sources differ on the exact date – 11 January, 8 March or 2 May. Talbot was consecrated in Antwerp on 9 May 1669, assisted by the Bishops of Ghent and Ferns.

Catholic persecution
During this period, the English treatment of Catholics in Ireland was more lenient than usual, owing to the known sympathies of the King (who entered the Catholic Church on his deathbed). In August 1670, Talbot held his first Diocesan Synod in Dublin. It was opened with High Mass, which for forty years many of the faithful had not witnessed. In the same year, an assembly of the archbishops and bishops and representatives of the clergy was held in Dublin. At this assembly, the question of precedence and of the primatial authority gave rise to considerable discussion and led to an embittered controversy between the Archbishop of Dublin and Oliver Plunkett, Archbishop of Armagh. The subject had been one of great controversy in the Middle Ages, but had been in abeyance for some time. Both prelates considered that they were asserting the rights of their respective sees, and each published a treatise on the subject. Another meeting of the Catholic gentry was convened by Talbot, at which it was resolved to send to the Court at London a representative who would seek redress for some of the grievances to which the Catholics of Ireland were subjected. This alarmed the Protestants in Ireland, who feared that the balance of power might shift to the Catholic majority. They protested to King Charles, and in 1673 some of the repressive measures against Irish Catholics were reinstated, and Talbot was compelled to seek safety in exile.

Exile, arrest and death
During his banishment, he resided generally in Paris. In 1675, Talbot, in poor health, obtained permission to return to England, and for two years he resided with a family friend at Poole Hall in Cheshire. Towards the end of 1677, he petitioned the Crown for leave "to come to Ireland to die in his own country", and through the influence of James, Duke of York his request was granted.

Shortly after that, the Popish Plot was hatched by Titus Oates, and information was forwarded to the Duke of Ormond, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, to the effect that a rebellion was being planned in Ireland, that Peter Talbot was one of the accomplices, and that assassins had been hired to murder the Duke himself. Ormond was in private deeply sceptical of the Popish Plot's existence, remarking that Talbot was too ill to carry it out. Of the alleged assassins, Ormond stated that they were such "silly drunken vagabonds" that "no schoolboy would trust them to rob an orchard"; but he thought it politically unwise to show his doubts publicly. Though he was sympathetic to Oliver Plunkett, who was also arrested in connection with the alleged Plot and was later to die on the gallows, he had always been hostile to Talbot.

On 8 October 1678, Ormond signed a warrant for Talbot's arrest. He was arrested at Cartown near Maynooth at the house of his brother, Colonel Richard Talbot, and was then moved to Dublin Castle.

For two years Talbot remained in prison without trial, where he fell ill. Despite their long friendship, Charles II, fearful of the political repercussions, made no effort to save him. Talbot was held in an adjoining cell to Oliver Plunkett. The two archbishops reconciled as fellow prisoners, setting aside their disagreements as expressed in their treatises.

From his prison cell, Talbot had written on 12 April 1679, petitioning that a priest be allowed to visit him, as he was bedridden for months and was now in imminent danger of death. The petition was refused, but Plunkett, on hearing of Talbot's dying condition, forced his way through the warders and administered to the dying prelate the last consolations of the sacraments. Talbot died in prison on 15 November 1680.

Legacy
Talbot is said to have been interred in the churchyard of St. Audoen's Church, close by the tomb of Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester.

title: Peter Talbot (bishop)


text:
Siba'a ibn Abd al-Uzza

Siba'a ibn Abd al-Uzza (سباعة بن عبدالعزى) was a man that met the sahaba. He was given the job to torture Khabbab ibn al-Aratt by the leaders of Quraish. Umm Anmaar was his sister.

title: Siba'a ibn Abd al-Uzza


text:
Shankha Ghosh

Sankha Ghosh (born Chittapriya Ghosh; 5 February 1932 – 21 April 2021) was an Indian poet and literary critic. He was born in Chandpur District of the then Bengal Presidency, present day Bangladesh. His ancestral home was at Banaripara Upazila in Barisal District. He spent his childhood and adolescence in Ishwardi Upazila of Pabna District, which was his father's workplace.

Ghosh passed matriculation from Chandraprabha Vidyapitha, Pabna. He got his undergraduate degree in Arts in Bengali from Presidency College, Kolkata in 1951 and subsequently his master's degree from the University of Calcutta in the year 1954.

Career
Ghosh taught at many educational institutions, including Bangabasi College, City College (all affiliated to the University of Calcutta) and at Jadavpur University, Jangipur College, Berhampore Girls' College all in Kolkata and West Bengal. He retired from Jadavpur University in 1992. In 1967, he participated in the International Writing Program's Fall Residency at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA. He also taught at Delhi University, the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies at Shimla, and at the Visva-Bharati University. He won many awards including Jnanpith Award in 2016. His pen name was Kuntak. Among the most respected names in contemporary Bengali literature, Ghosh was one of the ‘Pancha Pandavas’— along with Shakti Chattopadhyay, Sunil Gangopadhyay, Binoy Majumdar and Utpal Kumar Basu — who gave a new identity to the Bengali literary world.

Ghost was a member of the Social Network for Assistance to People (informally Association SNAP) that published a ground-breaking survey in 2014 that revealed the extent of poverty among the Muslim community of West Bengal.

Death
Ghosh and his wife tested positive for COVID-19 on 14 April 2021. Later he suffered from several complications and died on 21 April 2021, at his home in Kolkata. 8 days after poet's death, his wife Pratima Ghosh also died from COVID-19 complications.

Literary contributions
Shankha Ghosh made an immense contribution to the world of Bengali poetry. ‘Days and Nights’, ‘Babar’s Prayer’, ‘Face Covered in Advertisement’, ‘Gandharva Poems’ are his notable books of poetry.Although Shankha Ghosh was initially known as a 'poet', his prose works are numerous. He has combined poetry and prose. He was an eminent Rabindra expert, noting Rabindranath Tagore's 'Ocampore Rabindranath', 'A Amir Awaran', 'Kaler Matra O Rabindra Natak', 'Chhander Baranda' and 'Damini's Song'. ‘Words and Truth’, ‘Urvashir Hasi’, ‘Ahan Sab Alik’ are his other notable prose works. His writings have been studied and popular in Bengali for years. The poetic mind of Shankha Ghosh, its speed is two-way. On the one hand, that mind is always aware of the repercussions of all the socio-political events of the day.Ghosh's sensitive poetry roared against any unjust injustice in the society. We see its expression sometimes in poems written in sharp satire, satirical language. The people of the lower classes, the poor can get the poetry of Shankha Ghosh as a companion to their daily suffering. Shankha Ghosh identifies every inequality of society, every lack of justice with his infallible poems.

Works
Poetics

1.	Dinguli rātaguli (দিনগুলি রাতগুলি) (1956)

2.	Ekhan samaẏa naẏ (এখন সময় নয়) (1967)

3.	Nihita pātālachāẏā (নিহিত পাতালছায়া) (1967)

4.	Saṅkha ghōṣēr śrēṣṭha kabitā (শঙ্খ ঘোষের শ্রেষ্ঠ কবিতা) (1970)

5.	Adima latāgulmamaẏ (আদিম লতাগুল্মময়) (1972)

6.	Mūrkha baṛa sāmājika naẏa (মূর্খ বড় সামাজিক নয়) (1974)

7.	Baburēr prārthanā (বাবরের প্রার্থনা) (1976)

8.	Minibook[ মিনিবুক] (1978)

9.	Tumi to temon gaurī na'ō [তুমি তেমন গৌরী নও  ](1978)

10.	Panjarē dāṛēr Shabda [পাঁজরে দাঁড়ের শব্দ ](1980)

11.	Kabitāsangraha -1[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ -১ ] (1980)

12.	Praharajōṛā tritāla [ প্রহরজোড়া ত্রিতাল](1982)

13.	Mukh ḍhēkē jay Bigyapanē[মুখ ঢেকে যায় বিজ্ঞাপনে ] (1984)

14.	Bandhurā māti tarajāẏa [বন্ধুরা মাতি তরজায় ](1984)

15. Dhuma lēgēchē hr̥idakamalē [ধুম লেগেছে হৃদকমলে  ](1984)

16. Kabitāsaṅgraha - 2[ কবিতাসংগ্রহ - ২ ] (1991)

17.Lainei chilāma bābā [ লাইনেই ছিলাম বাবা](1993)

18. Gāndharva kabitāguccha[ গান্ধর্ব কবিতাগুচ্ছ ] (1994)

19.Saṅkha ghōṣēr nirbācita prēmēr kabitā[ শঙ্খ ঘোষের নির্বাচিত প্রেমের কবিতা] (1994)

20. Mini kabitār boi[মিনি কবিতার বই ] (1994)

21. Saber uparē śāmiẏānā [ শবের উপরে শামিয়ানা](1996)

22.Chhandēr bhitarē ēto andhakār [ ছন্দের ভিতরে এত অন্ধকার](1999)

23. Jol'i pāṣāṇ hoẏē āchē [ জলই পাষাণ হয়ে আছে ](2004)

24. Samasta khatēr mukhē pali [ সমস্ত ক্ষতের মুখে পলি ](2007)

25. Māṭikhōm̐ṛā purōnō karōṭi[ মাটিখোঁড়া পুরোনো করোটি] (2009)

26. Gōṭādēśajōṛā ja'ughara [ গোটাদেশজোড়া জউঘর ](2010)

27. Hāsikhuśi mukhē sarbanāś[ হাসিখুশি মুখে সর্বনাশ] (2011)

28. Prati praśnē jēgē ōṭhē bhiṭē [ প্রতি প্রশ্নে জেগে ওঠে ভিটে](2012)

29.Bahus Various stabdha paṛē āchē[বহুস্বর স্তব্ধ পড়ে আছে ] (2014)

30.prēmēra kabitā [প্রেমের কবিতা ](2014)

31 . śaṅkha ghōṣēra kabitāsaṅgraha[শঙ্খ ঘোষের কবিতাসংগ্রহ ] (2015)

32. śuni nīraba ciṯkāra[ শুনি নীরব চিৎকার ] (2015)

33. ē'ō ēka byathā upaśama [এও এক ব্যথা উপশম ](2017)

Prose

1. kālēra mātrā ō rabīndranāṭak [ কালের মাত্রা ও রবীন্দ্রনাটকএ](1969)

2. niḥśabdēra tarjanī[ নিঃশব্দের তর্জনী ] (1971)

Awards

 * Narsingh Das Puraskar (1977, for Murkha baro, samajik nay)
 * Sahitya Akademi Award (1977, for Baabarer praarthanaa)
 * Rabindra Puraskar (1989, for Dhum legechhe hrit kamale)
 * Saraswati Samman for his anthology Gandharba Kabitaguccha
 * Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize for translation of Taledanda (Kannada) Play into Bengali named Raktakalyan (1999)
 * Desikottam by Visva-Bharati (1999)
 * D.Litt. by Vidyasagar University (2010)
 * Padma Bhushan by the Government of India (2011)
 * Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement "Sahityabrahma" Award by the World Forum for Journalists and Writers (WFJW) (2015)
 * D.Litt. by Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India (2015)
 * Jnanpith Award by the Government of India (2016)

title: Shankha Ghosh


text:
Talk:Safety curtain

Also known as tabs, except that tabs may not be fireproof, as safety curtains may not be curtains, but rigid structures.

 * I disagree - in UK theatre at least, 'Tabs' are the large (generally plush red velvet) curtains at the extreme downstage, traditionally opened and closed to mark the start and end of performances.
 * Also, I don't have a source to hand to cite but UK safety regulations require the safety curtain to be able to close in 30 seconds, if anyone can find a good source - then it would make a useful addition.
 * I'm not convinced about the 'widespread' nature of deluge/dfrencer activations though. --RedHillian 06:59, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

You're correct, but "Tabs" are certain sort of curtain. Tab Curtains open by separating in the center and drawing back leaving decorative folds of material in the upper corners- they make a nice frame but still cover a part of the stage opening. A draw curtain separates in the center and both halves retract into the wings. A fly curtain is raised vertically and hangs out of sight above the stage. In large theaters a heavy Tab curtain may be drawn back to reveal a lighter Fly or Draw curtain.--Saxophobia 22:13, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Of course theatre vernacular often offers many different names for a common definition, especially from country to country, but on the subject of smoke pockets in this article I have come to understand that these are in fact the steel or iron channels located just behind the proscenium arch on either side in which the fire curtain drops, their purpose is to prevent the curtain from being knocked or pulled back as well as to prevent smoke and flames from easily escaping around the extreme edges. The well known theatrical rigging company JR Clancy offers an illustration detailing the use of this name for this particular architectural feature on their website.--JackofSpades089 10:28, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

I would agree that there are many different local words used for common equipment in a theater setting. In my experience in the Pacific Rim and Southwest United States the term 'tab' refers to a hard covered flat that serves in place of a teaser (leg) or a tormentor (border). Tab specifically reflects the hard surface of the piece. Again there seems to be no hard and fast rule of which words are used in a specific region, however the inventory of most theaters is fairly standard. To this end The Backstage Handbook, Paul Carter, published by the Broadway Press, has contributed a great deal to the standardization of terms used in technical aspects in the theater in the United States. georj.

Citation Required - Inventor ( Gottlieb Less)
In this diff, IP editor 99.92.187.116 added that the safety curtain was invented by a "Gottlieb Less". A quick google search for the name produces no results, and it seems a little unlikely a claim - as so many versions and mechanisms exist.

I've marked it for the time being, and I'm going to add a note to the relevant talk page. That said, if any knows for definite (and can cite) either way, be bold! --RedHillian | Talk 01:34, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, left a note on the relevant ip talk page, the contributions history is inconclusive as the intent, so I'm going to assume good faith, but it's still coming out. --RedHillian | Talk 04:57, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

Image is bad
Image is very dull. Safety Curtains, Rigid and Roller and Safety Curtain, Victoria Palace Theatre are very good. RippleSax 02:41, 15 декабря 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Safety curtain


text:
Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire was a parliamentary constituency in the Clackmannan area of Central Scotland. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was replaced by the new Clackmannan constituency.

The constituency comprised two separate parts, north and south of Falkirk town centre, with part of the similarly split Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth constituency in between.

Boundaries
Following the Representation of the People Act 1948, the seat of Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire was described in 1950 as being composed of:

 * The Burgh of Clackmannan
 * Three wards of Stirlingshire, named at the time as Eastern No. 1, Eastern No. 2, and Eastern No. 3

This would continue until the seat's abolition in 1983.