text:
List of storms named Marty

The name Marty has been used for eight tropical cyclones, seven in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and one in the Western Pacific Ocean.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Hurricane Marty (1985) – no effect on land
 * Hurricane Marty (1991) – briefly threatened the Mexican coastline
 * Tropical Storm Marty (1997) – not a threat to land
 * Hurricane Marty (2003) – made two landfalls on the Baja California peninsula
 * Tropical Storm Marty (2009) – never affected land
 * Hurricane Marty (2015) – affected southwestern Mexico
 * Tropical Storm Marty (2021) – had no effect on land; formed from the remnants of Atlantic basin Hurricane Grace

In the Western Pacific:
 * Tropical Storm Marty (1996) – a minimal storm that killed 125 in Vietnam

title: List of storms named Marty


text:
Tugendhat

The Tugendhat family was a family of Czech-Jewish textile and oil industrialists. World War II scattered them through Europe and America, and descendants have become influential politicians and academics.

Family name

 * Christopher Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat (born 1937), a British Conservative politician, businessman
 * Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat (born 1946), Venezuelan born, Swiss-Austrian art historian
 * Ernst Tugendhat (1930–2023), Czech-German philosopher
 * Michael Tugendhat (born 1944), judge of the High Court of England and Wales, brother of Christopher Tugendhat
 * Tom Tugendhat (born 1973), British Conservative politician, son of Sir Michael Tugendhat

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tugendhat


text:
Gasosaurus

Gasosaurus is a genus of tetanuran theropod that lived approximately 171.6 to 161.2 million years ago during the middle of the Jurassic Period. The name "Gasosaurus" is derived from the English "gasoline" and the Greek σαῦρος (sauros) ("lizard / generic reptile"). Only one species is currently recognised, G. constructus, from which the specific name honours the gasoline company that found the Dashanpu fossil quarry in Sichuan Province, China, now named as the Lower Shaximiao Formation.

Discovery and naming
The first and to date only fossils, albeit postcranial (missing the skull), were recovered in 1985 during the construction of a gas facility, which explains the dinosaur's unusual name. It consists of laterally compressed teeth, 4 cervical, 7 dorsal, 5 sacral, and 7 caudal vertebrae, both humeri, and highly abraded and reconstructed pelvic and hind limb material that includes the left ilium, left ischium, left pubis, left femur, left tibia and left fibula. The fossils were defined as the type species Gasosaurus constructus by the paleontologists Dong Zhiming and Tang Zilu.

Description
Gasosaurus is a carnivorous theropod with strong legs but short arms. It measured between 3.5 to 4 m in length, with a weight of around 150 kg. However, some estimates put its weight as high as 400 kg, as very little is known about it.

Many potentially informative features of the holotype skeleton (IVPP V7264) are difficult to assess based on published descriptions and images. The taxon represents a tetanuran based on the presence of a pubic peduncle of the ilium that is substantially larger than the ischial peduncle. Examination of casts reveals that the lesser trochanter does not rise above the level of the femoral head, and instead, the proximal portion of the femoral head is broken and the lesser trochanter reaches approximately midlevel of the head as in non-coelurosaurian tetanurans.

Furthermore, it is recognized by an amphiplatyan cervical centra with incipient weak ventral keel, dorsals with amphiplatyan centra, low neural arches and plate-like neural spines, dorsal neural spines lacking expanded bulks at tips, five sacral centra and arches firmly fused while neural spines not fused, presence of a humeral foramen, low ilium with a less developed anterior process, and distal ends of pubis and ischium expanded but lacking foot-like processes.

Classification
Traditionally thought to be a megalosauroid, Holtz (2000) found it to be a basal coelurosaurian, although later Holtz et al. (2004) suggested it was a basal carnosaur (possibly a metriacanthosaurid) on the basis of data from undescribed specimens. It may in fact be the most basal coelurosaurian yet known, or may even be close to the common ancestor of the two groups; in any case, it represents one of the oldest definitive tetanuran theropods. Some paleontologists have speculated that Gasosaurus and Kaijiangosaurus may be one and the same species.

Because of the fragmentary nature of the known Gasosaurus fossils, it has an uncertain position within Tetanurae, and probably lays outside Coelurosauria. A detailed restudy of the holotype is underway that may change its classification.

Paleoecology
Gasosarurus lived during the mid-Jurassic period (Bathonian and/ or Callovian stages), around 164 million years ago. It coexisted with other mid-range theropods such as Chuandongocoelurus and Kaijiangosaurus, two other dinosaurs found from the Lower Shaximiao Formation. These three taxa pertain to medium to large bodied theropods and are known from associated prostcranial skeletons. China, boasts the highest taxic diversity of Middle Jurassic theropods of all body sizes from anywhere in the world. Most Middle Jurassic theropods from China are 'medium-sized', as are the majority of Middle Jurassic theropods globally.

These similar dinosaurs show an intriguing combination of derived tetanuran synapomorphies and primitive features shared with non-tetanurans, which suggest they occupy a basal position within Tetanurae. Understanding the anatomy of Chinese Jurassic taxa may reveal further details of primitive tetanuran anatomy and help resolve the early evolution of this successful theropod clade. Future exploration of the Chinese Middle Jurassic theropod record may bring new insights into the diversification of Tetanurae, the origin of larger body sizes among more derived theropods, and Middle Jurassic paleobiogeography.

title: Gasosaurus


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Nicholas Cimini

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this user and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 17:06, 20 July 2005), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

 * (Example user | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
This dispute has been resolved and Nicholas Cimini was not proven guilty of the following accusations:

Mr Cimini has openly run a revert war over his insertion of material which violates basic NPOV. He has lied on the talk page about the reason for the dispute, openly, and self-admittedly engaged in personal attacks, and shown naked contempt for the rules and norms of the wikicommunity.

Description
Nicholas Cimini has: violated NPOV, run a revert war despite repeated calls for consensus and explanations as to why his POV material is unacceptable, engaged in personal attacks and accusations of censorship. Admitted to personal attacks.

Evidence of disputed behavior
(provide diffs and links)
 * Self-admitted personal attack.
 *

Note how the section was originally the inflamatory "the very idea". The user has made no material change to the insertion desite repeated pleas on the talk page to engage in NPOV writing, and citations of why his material is POV.
 * Personal attacks and open threat to vandalise page if his POV material is not inserted.

 * Following through on threat to vandalize page.

Applicable policies
{list the policies that apply to the disputed conduct}
 * Neutral point of view
 * No Personal Attacks
 * Ownership of articles
 * Cite sources

Violations of Guidelines
The following are not policies but are guidelines:

 * Don't disrupt wikipedia to prove a point.
 * No trolling.

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute
(provide diffs and links)
 * A call for consensus - including strong agreement with the user that the article needs a critical reaction section. User however, has demanded that his POV, without alteration, be accepted or else. Stirling Newberry 17:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * User was informed of specific problems with his material. He has refused to alter it in any way, and instead has continued to revert and engage in personal attacks.

Users certifying the basis for this dispute
(sign with ~ )
 * Stirling Newberry 17:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 15:00, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Other users who endorse this summary
(sign with ~ )
 * Hyacinth 15:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Response
This is a summary written by the user whose conduct is disputed, or by other users who think that the dispute is unjustified and that the above summary is biased or incomplete.

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries.}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

Contrary to the utterances of Mr Newbury the debated material has actually been re-edited by myself on several occasions, in an attempt to make it more neutral. (Please see the history page of the debated article). However Mr Newbury is seemingly unable to come to a consensus on the matter and he has repeatedly censored my contributions without fully explicating his rationale (Check out the discussion page). The "postmodern music" article is terribly one-sided at the moment and i have been trying to provide a valuable corrective to the page, and despite several stylistic problems throughout the article Mr Newbury is only seeking to delete material that doesn't conform to his POV.--Nicholas 17:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It disappoints me that Mr Newbury has not given an accurate portrayal of this dispute. For a true reflection of the issues please see the history page and discussion page in their actual contexts. Many of the accusations that he makes against me could very easily be applied to Mr Newbury himself. He has not been constructive. Choosing to ignore the content of the disputed material he seemingly prefers to focus on “verbiage” (in his own terms). He has insulted me with personal attacks, on more than one occasion. He seems to believe that he has ownership over the disputed article. He refuses to make purposeful edits, and he refuses to discuss the content of debated issues, preferring instead to delete any and all of the material which contradicts with his POV. --Nicholas 12:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It disappoints me even further to find that Mr Newbury is trying to rally support in his witch hunt against me []. I no longer have any interest in contributing toward the debated article as it's clear that certain people are either unable or unwilling to co-operate. It really is a shame that Mr Newbury could not contribute toward the improvement of the article by working on a critical section!--Nicholas 15:58, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Can someone tell me, how do I delete this page?--Nicholas 10:50, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think you're supposed to delete it. I'm not sure what the procedure is, but it would probably look better if you just waited for someone else to process / archive / delete it, rather than doing it yourself. Flammifer 11:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Suppose so--Nicholas 12:03, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Outside view
This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute.

This is probably not a fully-ripe dispute. There really hasn't been complete intransigence yet, on either side. I disagree with the POV of Nicholas, and with the creation of a pure-criticism section. However, it's clear that the Postmodern music article needs some serious work, including critical voices. The concerns of Nicholas are legitimate, and he appears to be acting in good faith, but the real issue is how his concerns should be addressed. If someone would step forward and do a rewrite that includes the kind of criticisms advanced by Nicholas, I think the issue would disappear.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) CO GDEN  22:38, July 21, 2005 (UTC) (In the interest of full disclosure, I have been a significant contributor to the article, in the past).

This RfC has been created more than 48 hours ago, about a dispute only between Nicholas and Stirling. ~Ril~ added himself more than 48 hours afterwards, and doesn't seem to have been involved in the dispute at all - I see no pages (articles or talk pages) ~Ril~ and Nicholas have both edited these last couple of days. Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Flammifer 15:24, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) I agree with Flammifer. I would also add that the "personal attacks" are simply disagreements between editors;  they quite mild, and seem no worse than the things said to Nicholas.  Also, deleting short sections from an article when another editor wants to keep them in is not vandalism.  -Ril-'s certification isn't valid, because there's no evidence that he was involved in the same dispute, or that he tried and failed to resolve it.  The 48 hours have passed.  Need I say more?  Ann Heneghan 11:44, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Second outside view
After reading this RfC, I suggested that mediation would be an appropriate remedy. I posted an entry on the talk page of Nicholas suggesting mediation. (My thinking had been both that a mediator might help resolve POV issues and that a mediator would counsel the user in question about incivility and trolling.) He answered that he is no longer interested in Postmodern music. Perhaps this issue will go away.

I do agree that the article needs revision, including acknowledging that there are different POVs as to whether there is such a phase as Postmodernism at all. Robert McClenon 11:21, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Question of second endorsement
I think that someone tried to provide the second endorsing signature to this article but was confused by the instructions and signed not just with four tildes but four No-Wikified tildes. This is an understandable newbie error in view of the details of the markup and the signing instructions. Since this makes the second signature invalid, I have moved this RfC back to candidate RfCs. It needs another valid signature, possibly from the user who tried to sign it. Robert McClenon 15:23, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

I have 7000+ edits. I am not a newbie. I understand the instructions. This is my normal signature     10:36, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * User:-Ril- signs like that, and says about his signature, "I'm keeping it unless the arbitration committee ban it. Learn to cope." (See his user page.)  However, the question is not whether or not it's a real signature, but whether it's a valid certification.  -Ril-, according to the rules, if you are one of the "Users certifying the basis for this dispute", you have to provide diffs to show that you tried and failed to resolve the dispute, either through messages to the talk page of the article which led to the dispute, or through messages to Nicholas Cimini's talk page.  And, the dispute has to be the same dispute as the one that Stirling Newberry is speaking of.  If you merely agree with Stirling Newberry, but cannot produce evidence that you and Stirling both tried and failed to resolve the same dispute with Nicholas Cimini, then you should remove your signature from "Users certifying the basis for this dispute" and move it to "Other users who endorse this summary".  However, even if you don't do that, your certification is still invalid, regardless of the number of edits you have.  If you haven't tried to resolve the same dispute, then no matter where you sign, this isn't a valid RfC.  Ann Heneghan 10:47, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page.


text:
User talk:Duke33

Welcome
I saw that no one has officially welcomed you to the site, so let me be the first to say hello and welcome to the site. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 17:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Tommie Frazier
Thanks for your input on Tommie Frazier! It is common among college football coach articles to include an external link to schools where the coach currently and previously has coached. It's left there for reference purposes and is useful for those who research college football history. I reverted the edit and placed the link back.--Paul McDonald (talk) 18:07, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Harold Miner article
I see that you recently removed the source information from the Harold Miner article, due to the the fact that the web link to the source article in the Los Angeles Times was no longer valid. Unfortunately, though, removing the entire source information like that then leaves the article completely unsourced, which is not satisfactory. If a linked web page is found to be dead, it's better to simply remove the web link from the source listing, rather than remove the entire source listing. I've gone ahead and done that now. 12.155.58.181 (talk) 19:40, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

Deleting article on Paxus Calta
Dearest Duke33:

You asked why the articles about me exists. The question has been asked before and the article was proposed for deletion and the discussion of why it was kept is here

After this decision and some conversations with the adminstrator who proposed it be deleted, i edited it back quite a bit. And he was satisfied with these edits and said if they had been in place before he proposed the deletion, it would not have been necessary to propose it - see here

Earlier on when i was editing this article, in part to teach myself about wikipedia, i was introduced to the rules about editing articles about yourself, which is not prohibited. It is basically prohibited to start an article about yourself, which i did not do. See here

So you could propose to delete it again, if you really wanted to. Since not long after the last proposal to delete, i have mostly stayed out of this article and some others have edited it.

I've been in discussions about several articles about personalities and their encyclopedic worth, generally being an author is enough. You are of course free to edit the article and cut it back as you see appropriate.

And i am happy to talk with you more about this if you like --Paxuscalta (talk) 02:13, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Duke33


text:
Talk:Alliance for Justice

Neutrality concerns from 2009
July 2009 - This article may need to be revised to provide a more neutral point of view. Several authors have seemingly attempted to make this page a mere extension of this organization's website in an effort to spread their agenda. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.236.244.152 (talk) 23:43, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

"The Alliance for Justice has been working since its inception in 1979 to promote a fair and independent judiciary and strengthen public interest advocacy in the United States.

Among other things the alliance provides straight-forward legal help to non-profit organizations to make sure they can advocate within the law."

That text is lifted directly from the organization's banner, and could hardly be described as unbiased.

I've changed the article to a more neutral standpoint, rather than essentially the ad that it was to begin with.

For those that disagree with the term "liberal" being used, I suggest a visit to the AfJ website. No objective person could argue this, given their positions. Of course, you may feel free to be unobjective. ;)

I've left the Save Buster bit, but that too can probably use a little editing to make it more "user friendly".

title: Talk:Alliance for Justice


text:
Hugh Marshall Hole

Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Marshall Hole, CMG (16 May 1865 – 18 May 1941) was an English pioneer, administrator and author and best known for issuing the "Marshall Hole currency".

Education and appointments
Marshall Hole was born in Tiverton in Devon, England. He was educated at Blundell's School and Balliol College (where he won the Newte exhibition).

Marshall Hole came to Cape Colony in 1889 and met the mine magnate and politician Cecil Rhodes in Kimberley. Rhodes offered him a job as the first clerk to the newly formed British South Africa Company. In 1891 Marshall Hole took up the position of private secretary to Sir Starr Jameson in Mashonaland (who was shortly to be appointed Administrator of the company's territories).

Marshall Hole's other appointments included:

 * Secretary for Matabeleland
 * Civil Commissioner of Bulawayo
 * Chief Secretary of Southern Rhodesia
 * Chief Native Title Commissioner for Matabeleland
 * Administrator of North West Rhodesia

Cecil Rhodes took a great liking to Marshall Hole and in 1901 had sent him on missions to Arabia to devise means for the introduction of Arab labour to Southern Rhodesia. Marshall Hole also took charge of the arrangements for Rhodes' burial in the Matopo Hills in 1902.

Marshall Hole retired from Government service in 1913 and at the outbreak of World War I he joined The Norfolk Regiment, was mentioned in despatches and retired in 1919.

Marshall Hole currency
Marshall Hole is best known for issuing "Marshall Hole currency" in Bulawayo in 1900. During the Anglo-Boer War there was a shortage of small change and circulating coinage in Rhodesia. Marshall Hole, who was then serving as Government Secretary for Matabeleland and Civil Commissioner of Bulawayo, authorised the issue of small cards bearing a British South Africa Company postage stamp on the obverse, and an official handstamped signature on the reverse, and these cards circulated as emergency currency between 1 August 1900 and their withdrawal on 1 October 1900. Smith (1967: p332) says "£20,000's worth of stamps were used, and when circulation ceased... it was found that almost exactly £1,000's worth was still outstanding... This £1,000... was clear profit to the Administration and compensated Mr Hole for the ridicule the experiment provoked when he first proposed it."

The currency cards were issued in denominations of 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 1/-, 2/-, 2/6, 4/-, 5/- and 10/-, and bore two types of validation stamp. One type is inscribed ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE * BULAWAYO. The other type is inscribed ADMINISTRATOR'S OFFICE. The validation stamps were applied at Marshall Hole's office.

Publications

 * The Jameson Raid; London: Philip Allan, 1930; Book Bib ID 1021256
 * The passing of the Black kings; London: Philip Allan, 1932; Book Bib ID 1018104
 * Old Rhodesian days; London, Cass, 1968; Book Bib ID 2491756
 * Lobengula; London: Allan, 1929; Book Bib ID 707969
 * The making of Rhodesia; London: Cass, 1926 (1967 reprint); Book Bib ID 855788 (Also available on Google Books)
 * Hugh Marshall Hole and his Matabeleland Stamp Currency Cards of 1900: Robert Armstrong; 2016

title: Hugh Marshall Hole


text:
User:Andy29/List

In use:
 * User:Andy29/Sandbox
 * User:Andy29/Sandbox2
 * User:Andy29/Charlie Skelton
 * User:Andy29/Vids
 * User:Andy29/Bits

Done:
 * Flight Unlimited 3 User:Andy29/FU3r
 * Flight Unlimited III User:Andy29/FU3

title: User:Andy29/List


text:
Endangered Species (Big Pun album)

Endangered Species is a posthumous compilation of unreleased tracks, guest appearances, and greatest hits by the late rapper Big Pun, released on April 3, 2001, by Loud Records, following his death in February 2000. The album reached a peak chart position of #7. The proceeds from the album were to be given to Pun's widow, Liza Rios, and their three children. Liza Rios claims to have only received a small royalty check from the sales of Endangered Species, and in response, auctioned off her husband's Terror Squad medallion in July 2005.

The album's single, "How We Roll", featured then R&B-newcomer Ashanti singing the chorus. The music video for the song features both artists animated using cartoon-styled 3D computer graphics. Fellow rapper and close friend Fat Joe, who was also the compilation's executive producer, revealed in the liner notes of the album that the title chosen for the compilation was in fact the original title for 2000's Yeeeah Baby. All of Pun's lyrics were included in the booklet of the disc, partly due to the limited amount of promotional tools available to the label, and partly because of a desire to emphasize Pun's technique as a lyricist.

title: Endangered Species (Big Pun album)


text:
List of storms named Max

The name Max has been used for six tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and for one in the Australian region of the Indian Ocean.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Tropical Storm Max (1981) – formed in the open ocean
 * Hurricane Max (1987) – Category 4 hurricane that churned in the open ocean
 * Tropical Storm Max (1993) – formed in the open ocean
 * Hurricane Max (2005) – Category 1 hurricane that was no threat to land
 * Hurricane Max (2017) – Category 1 hurricane that made landfall in southwestern Mexico
 * Tropical Storm Max (2023) – made landfall in southwestern Mexico

In the Australian region:
 * Cyclone Max (1981) – Category 3 tropical cyclone, crossed the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory, then moved west out to sea

title: List of storms named Max


text:
Richard Nicolls

Richard Nicolls (sometimes written as Nichols, 1624 – 28 May 1672) was the first English colonial governor of New York province.

Early life
Nicolls was born in 1624 in Ampthill in Bedfordshire, England. He was the son of Francis Nicolls (1582–1624), a barrister and Member of Parliament, and Margaret (née Bruce) Nicolls (1577–1652), who were married at Abbots Langley in 1609. His mother was a daughter of Sir George Bruce of Carnock (c. 1550–1625), a Scottish merchant who built Culross Palace, and a niece of Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss (1548–1611).

Career
He commanded a royalist troop of horse (i.e., cavalry) during the English Civil War, and on the defeat of the king went into exile. Soon after the Restoration he became Groom of the Chamber to the Duke of York.

Province of New York
Through the influence of the Duke of York, in 1664 Nicolls was appointed to a commission with Sir Robert Carr (d. 1667), George Cartwright, and Samuel Maverick, to conquer New Netherlands from the Dutch and to regulate the affairs of the New England colonies and settle disputes among them. The expedition set sail from Portsmouth on 25 May 1664, and arrived for the capture of New Amsterdam on 27 August 1664. New Amsterdam was surrendered to Nicolls on 8 September 1664. Under authority of a commission from the Duke (later King James) Nicolls assumed the position of deputy-governor of New Netherlands (New York).

He made 74th Street, beginning at the East River, the southern border patent line (which was called the "Harlem Line") of the village of Nieuw Haarlem (later, the village of Harlem); the English also renamed the village "Lancaster".

Legal System
His policy was vigorous but tactful, and the transition to the new regime was made smoothly and with due regard to the interests of the conquered people. The formerly Dutch colonists were guaranteed in the possession of their property rights, their laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. The English system of law and administration was at once introduced into Long Island, Staten Island and Westchester, where the English element already predominated, but the change was made much more slowly in the Dutch sections.

A code of laws, known as the " Duke's Laws", drafted by the governor with the help of his secretary and nephew Matthias Nicolls, was proclaimed at Hempstead, Long Island, on 1 March 1665 and continued in force until 1683; the code was compiled from the codes of the New England colonies, and it provided for trial by jury, for proportional taxation on property, for the issuance of new patents for land and for land tenure only by license from the duke.

Return to England
Nicolls returned to England in the summer of 1668 and continued in the service of the Duke of York. He was replaced by Francis Lovelace as New York governor. He was killed in the naval battle of Southwold Bay on 28 May 1672. His monument at Ampthill incorporates the cannonball that killed him.

title: Richard Nicolls


text:
File:The pillows - Please Mr. Lostman.jpg

Fair use in Please Mr. Lostman
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.


text:
User:Yllama

I am an Olympia-based criminal defense attorney, and owner of CR Taylor Law, P.S.. I received a J.D. from the University of Idaho College of Law and received my B.A. in mathematics and philosophy from Rutgers College. I also have an amateur understanding of film and news satire. You can read my blog at yodellingllama.com.

title: User:Yllama


text:
Talk:Tunnel (disambiguation)

Untitled
In physics, tunnel is used as a verb. The effect is tunneling or tunnelling. One would only add "quantum" for clarification. Still, Googe generates tens of thousands of hits for the two-word combo. "carpal tunnel" has over a million hits, at it isn't even on the list. The reason, of course, is that no one looking for the anatomical term or the well-known disease would look for it under tunnel. "spanking tunnel" has only 334 hits. The key word is spank, not tunnel. It goes. Davilla 17:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

This article already exists
Bit of a conflict here. See The Tunnel (1935 film), which was created the day before this article, and is in a somewhat more advanced state of construction. Ed Fitzgerald (unfutz)  (talk / cont)  20:00, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've moved over the "Themes" section, and the film project banner, and added th B&W category. Ed Fitzgerald (unfutz)  (talk / cont)  20:05, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've also moved the image request, although I think it's probably not going to be much use -- I've done a pretty extensive search, and the only image I could find is the American poster, which I've got in the infobox. There's no need to move the plot summary req, I don't think. Ed Fitzgerald (unfutz)  (talk / cont)  20:09, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, I chose "(1935 film)" instead of "(film)" because IMDB lists several other films with titles or alternate titles of "The Tunnel". It seemed best to be specific. I assume the best course of action now would be to convert this page to be a redirect to the (1935 film) page. Ed Fitzgerald (unfutz)  (talk / cont)  20:14, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I've converted the links that lead here to point to the other article. Ed Fitzgerald (unfutz)  (talk / cont)  20:20, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Text under above section header "This article already exists" has been transferred from Talk:The Tunnel. —Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 19:32, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tunnel (disambiguation)


text:
Barbara Willard

Barbara Mary Willard (12 March 1909 – 18 February 1994) was a British novelist best known for children's historical fiction. Her "Mantlemass Chronicles" is a family saga set in 15th to 17th-century England. For one chronicle, The Iron Lily (1973), she won the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a book award judged by panel of British children's writers.

Life
Willard was born in Brighton, Sussex on 12 March 1909, the daughter of the Shakespearean actor Edmund Willard and Mabel Theresa Tebbs. She was also the great-niece of Victorian-era actor Edward Smith Willard. The young Willard was educated at a convent school in Southampton.

Because of her family connections, Willard originally went on the stage as an actress and also worked as a playreader, but she was unsuccessful and abandoned acting in her early twenties. She wrote numerous books for adults before she turned to children's literature.

Very little about the author was written during her lifetime, because of her private nature. She died at a nursing home in Wivelsfield Green, East Sussex, on 18 February 1994.

Writing career
The Grove of Green Holly (1967), which was a story about a group of 17th century travelling players who were hiding in a forest in Sussex from Oliver Cromwell's soldiers, spawned her most famous work, the Mantlemass series (1970–1981) including her Guardian Prize-winning book. Some other books were Hetty (1956), Storm from the West (1963), Three and One to Carry (1964), and Charity at Home (1965).

One of her last books, The Forest - Ashdown in East Sussex, published by Sweethaws Press in 1989, gives a detailed account of Ashdown Forest. In the introduction to the book, Christopher Robin Milne notes that Willard had moved from her home on the Sussex Downs to the edge of Ashdown Forest in 1956 and that her new surroundings had provided the inspiration and setting for ten of her children's historical novels (eight in the Mantlemass series and two others). It is evident by her own account in her book that she actively involved herself in the affairs of the forest. She was a representative of the forest Commoners elected to the forest's Board of Conservators in 1975, and she remained in that capacity for ten years. She tells how she was later heavily involved in the fundraising campaign which enabled East Sussex County Council to purchase the forest in 1988, enabling it to remain as a place of beauty and tranquility open to the public.

Children's fiction
.
 * Mantlemass Chronicles
 * 1) The Miller's Boy, 1976
 * 1) The Lark and the Laurel, 1970
 * 2) The Sprig of Broom, 1971
 * 3) A Cold Wind Blowing, 1972
 * 4) The Eldest Son, 1977
 * 5) The Iron Lily, 1973
 * 6) A Flight of Swans, 1980
 * 7) Harrow and Harvest, 1974
 * 8) The Keys of Mantlemass, 1981 (a series of short stories that form bridges between the full-length books)

Adult fiction

 * Love in Ambush, 1930 (with Elizabeth Helen Devas)
 * Ballerina, 1932
 * As Far as in me Lies, 1936
 * The Dogs Do Bark, 1948
 * Portrait of Philip, 1950
 * Celia Scarfe, 1951

 * Other children's fiction
 * Hetty, 1956
 * Snail and the Pennithornes, 1957
 * The Penny Pony, 1961
 * Duck on a Pond, 1962
 * Storm from the West, 1963
 * The Battle of Wednesday Week, 1963
 * Three and One to Carry, 1964
 * A Dog and a Half, 1964
 * Charity at Home, 1965
 * Surprise Island, 1966
 * The Richleighs of Tantamount, 1966
 * The Grove of Green Holly, 1967
 * The Gardener's Grandchildren, 1978
 * Spell Me A Witch, 1979
 * Summer Season, 1981

Other sources

 * Belinda Copson, Folly Magazine No. 27 (1999). Reprint at Collecting Books & Magazines (collectingbooksandmagazines.com).

title: Barbara Willard


text:
List of storms named Miriam

The name Miriam has been used for eight tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

 * Hurricane Miriam (1978), a Category 1 hurricane that threatened Hawaii but did not affect land.
 * Hurricane Miriam (1982), a Category 1 hurricane that did not affect land.
 * Tropical Storm Miriam (1988), continuation of Hurricane Joan which originally formed in the Atlantic Ocean and crossed into the Pacific.
 * Tropical Storm Miriam (1994), a short-lived storm that did not affect land.
 * Tropical Storm Miriam (2000), a short-lived storm that hit Baja California as a weak storm.
 * Tropical Storm Miriam (2006), a short-lived tropical storm that did not affect land.
 * Hurricane Miriam (2012), a Category 3 hurricane that did not affect land.
 * Hurricane Miriam (2018), a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land.

title: List of storms named Miriam


text:
Gervase of Tilbury

Gervase of Tilbury (Gervasius Tilberiensis; c. 1150–1220) was an English canon lawyer, statesman and cleric. He enjoyed the favour of Henry II of England and later of Henry's grandson, Emperor Otto IV, for whom he wrote his best known work, the Otia Imperialia.

Life and works
Gervase was of the son of a knight of the Honor of Rayleigh. He was born around 1150 in West Tilbury, in Essex, a manor in the hands of Henry of Essex, although some say that he was brought up in Rome, this is highly improbable

He travelled widely, studied and taught canon law at Bologna, was in Venice in 1177, at the reconciliation of Pope Alexander III and Frederick Barbarossa, and spent some time in the service of Henry II of England, and of his son, "Henry the Young King". For the latter he composed a Liber facetiarum (‘Book of entertainment’), now lost, as well as the basis for what would become the Otia Imperialia. He also served William of the White Hands, the brother of the Count of Blois William of Champagne, Archbishop of Reims (where Gervase's famous attempt to seduce an unwilling girl precipitated her condemnation by the archbishop as a Cathar). Some time after 1183 Gervase found service at the court of William II, the Norman king of Sicily, who had married Henry's daughter Joan. From William he received the gift of a villa at Nola in Campania. After the King of Sicily's death in 1189, Gervase moved to Arles and became a judge of canon law. In 1198, Otto – the Holy Roman Emperor after 1209– appointed Gervase Marshal of the Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles, Gervase married into a local family (which bought him a palace). Gervase accompanied Otto to Rome in 1209 on the occasion of his Imperial coronation. The following year Gervase was enmeshed in the papacy's struggle with his patron Otto, who was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. Gervase employed the next years, from 1210 to 1214, writing the Otia Imperialia ("Recreation for an Emperor") for his patron. He also wrote a Vita abbreviata et miracula beatissimi Antonii ("Shortened life and miracles of the most blessed Antony") and a Liber de transitu beate virginis et gestis discipulorum ("Book of the passing of the blessed virgin and acts of the disciples").

Details of his latter years are uncertain. It has been suggested that, after the resounding defeat of Otto and his English ally John at the Battle of Bouvines (1214), Gervase was forced to retire to the duchy of Braunschweig, where he became, and died, provost of Ebstorf, and it is apparent that his work was known to the authors of the Ebstorf world map (c. 1234–40). However, it is recorded by Ralph of Coggeshall that he became a canon in later life, and other evidence suggests that he may have been a member of the Premonstratensians of l'Huveaune.

title: Gervase of Tilbury


text:
Yangchuanosaurus

Yangchuanosaurus is an extinct genus of metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in China from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous periods (Bathonian to Berriasian stages), and was similar in size and appearance to its North American and European relative, Allosaurus. Yangchuanosaurus hails from the Upper Shaximiao Formation and Suining Formation and was the largest predator in a landscape that included the sauropods Mamenchisaurus and Omeisaurus and the stegosaurs Chialingosaurus, Tuojiangosaurus and Chungkingosaurus. This theropod was named after the area in which was discovered, Yongchuan, in China.

Discovery and species
Dong et al. (1978) named Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis on the basis of CV 00215, a complete skull and skeleton which was collected from the Shangshaximiao Formation, near Yongchuan, Yongchuan District, Sichuan. It dates to the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic period, about 161.2 to 157.3 million years ago. It was discovered in June 1977 by a construction worker during the construction of the Shangyou Reservoir Dam. A second species from the same locality, Y. magnus, was named by Dong et al. (1983) on the basis of CV 00216, another complete skull and skeleton. A detailed revision of tetanuran phylogeny by Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012) revealed that both species are conspecific. Dong et al. (1978) and Dong et al. (1983) differentiated these species primarily on the basis of size. In addition, Dong et al. (1983) noted that the maxilla of Y. magnus has an additional fenestra within the antorbital fossa, whereas Y. shangyouensis possessed only a fossa in this location. However, it is considered to be an intraspecific, possibly ontogenetic, variation. Furthermore, the apparent difference in cervical vertebral morphology can be explained by comparing different positions within the column. Hence, the holotypes of the two species of Yangchuanosaurus are effectively identical, and their codings are identical in Carrano et al. (2012) matrix. Gregory S. Paul (1988) regarded this genus as a synonym of Metriacanthosaurus, but this has not been supported.

Carrano et al. (2012) assigned a third specimen to Y. shangyouensis. CV 00214 is represented by a partial postcranial skeleton lacking the skull. It was collected in the Wujiaba Quarry, near Zigong city, Sichuan, from the lower part of the Shangshaximiao Formation. CV 00214 was initially listed by Dong et al. (1978) in a faunal list as a new species of Szechuanosaurus, Szechuanosaurus "yandonensis". There is no description or illustration of it, making S. "yandonensis" a nomen nudum. Later, Dong et al. (1983) described it, and assigned it to Szechuanosaurus campi, a dubious species which is known only from four teeth. Carrano et al. (2012) noted that CV 00214 can't be assigned to S. campi because the holotype materials of S. campi (IVPP V.235, V.236, V.238, V.239; teeth) are non-diagnostic and no teeth are preserved in CV 00214. A recent restudy of CV 00214 by Daniel Chure (2001) concluded that it represented a new taxon, informally named "Szechuanoraptor dongi", into which Szechuanosaurus zigongensis should also be subsumed. However, the most recent revision (by Carrano et al. (2012)) suggested that CV 00214 and "S." zigongensis cannot be cospecific as there are no autapomorphies shared between them, and the latter derives from the underlying Xiashaximiao Formation. A phylogenetic analysis found CV 00214 to be most closely related to Y. shangyouensis, and thus the former is assignable to it. Furthermore, Szechuanosaurus zigongensis was found to be closely related to Y. shangyouensis and therefore was designated as the second species of Yangchuanosaurus.

Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis is known from four specimens including ZDM 9011 (holotype), a partial postcranial skeleton; ZDM 9012, a left maxilla; ZDM 9013, two teeth and ZDM 9014, a right hind limb. It was first described by Gao (1993), and all specimens were collected from the Middle Jurassic Xiashaximiao Formation in the Dashanpu Dinosaur Quarry of Zigong, Sichuan.

A third, informal species, Yangchuanosaurus "longqiaoensis", was briefly mentioned in a faunal listing of the Penglaizhen Formation (initially believed to date to the Late Jurassic but is probably Early Cretaceous (Berriasian – Valanginian) in age) by Li, Zhang and Cai (1999). However, since it was published solely in a faunal list and not described in detail, it is a nomen nudum and is questionably referable to Yangchuanosaurus.

Remains assigned to Yangchuanosaurus sp. were recovered from the Berriasian Suining Formation in 1966.

Description
The type specimen of Y. shangyouensis had a skull 82 cm long, and its total body length was estimated at 8 m. Another specimen, assigned to the new species Y. magnus, was even larger, with a skull length of 1.11 m. It may have been up to 10.8 m long, and weighed as much as 3.4 MT. Gregory S. Paul suggested that these are the same species and gave a length of 11 meters (36 feet) and a weight of 3 metric tons (3.3 short tons). There was a bony ridge on its nose and multiple hornlets and ridges, similar to Ceratosaurus.

Yangchuanosaurus was a large, powerful meat-eater. It walked on two large, muscular legs, had short arms, a strong, short neck, a big head with powerful jaws, and large, serrated teeth. It had a long, massive tail that was about half of its length. The first digit of its foot was a small dewclaw. The three outer toes were used to bear weight and each was equipped with a large claw.

Classification
A phylogenetic analysis by Carrano et al. (2012) found Yangchuanosaurus to be the basalmost known metriacanthosaurid and the only non-metriacanthosaurine metriacanthosaurid. The cladogram presented below follows their study.

The cladogram presented below follows Zanno & Makovicky (2013).

title: Yangchuanosaurus


text:
User:Bisgaard

I mainly write in the danish Wikipredia as Bisgaard

I sometimes translate articles from this wiki, and correct any errors i might find in the proccess.

da:Bruger:Bisgaard

title: User:Bisgaard


text:
Talk:Mahikari

Sukyo Mahikari article
What do people think about adding information about each of the Mahikari groups under separate headings. I see a heading called Sukyo Mahikari already started. It would be quite informative to have expanded information on each of the groups Skeptomai 07:31, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

I suggest this article not be merged with Sukyo Mahikari. Sukyo Mahikari is one of breakaway groups from the original Okada sect.

User:Skeptomai 4 Nov 06

I agree that each group should have expanded information. As a point of clarification, Sukyo Mahikari is not a "breakaway" group, as the above "original research" claim suggests, but an independent organization established in 1959. Mbhowareyou (talk) 19:42, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Independant research
It is good to see this article has been expanded to include information that can be verified from independant research. Lets keep up the good work. The subject of Japanese New Religions is a very interesting area and only the surface has been scratched - there are hundreds. Will look forward to seeing more well researched and wikified articles.

User:AltairCosmo 2 Aug 2006

Controversies
The page as it exists now describes only how Mahikari see themselves, as objective fact. The history and origin of the group is disputed by its critics. There are also some contoversial practices which are not mentioned, such as rejection of modern medicine, apocalyptic beliefs, non-conventional views of history, geography and linguistics, ideological connection to the AUM sect, and much more.

213.184.192.82 09:00, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

---

For more information about Mahikari, please go to this site.

www.sukyomahikarieurope.org

Keep smiling!

An alternative perspective

This seems to have the main features of a cult, which should also be reflected in the main article. Including the freely available reports of members of this cult who have escaped is truly neutral. The alternative perspective (above), or perhaps the free book would be a good source. According to NPOV is seems wise to present both views in detail.

User:Pb1 7 October 2006

Updated wikipage
An updated and active page on SM can be found at sukyo_mahikari wiki page.

Compare and contrast
I have spent some time with several related articles (in addition to sukyo_mahikari, see religions in japan, shinshukyo and yoshikazu okada). As you can see, there is still quite a bit of cite/reference work to do, facts to be separated from beliefs/pov, and facts to be consistent among the articles. Take a look and see what you think.Vontrotta 22:27, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Question about verifiability of Goseigen book
How easy is it to verify this source? Is it carried by libraries? The issue has been raised at Sukyo Mahikari where an editor using it said it was not available to non-members, which suggests it can't be used as a source. Thanks. --Doug Weller (talk) 18:09, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

Person's edits?
I removed something that was clearly not NPOV, but then I looked at the rest of the person's edits and wondered how true the rest of those edits were, or if anyone can confirm or deny it. I'm giving them the benefit of the doubt for now since I definitely don't know if it's true or not, I can just tell when something probably shouldn't be in an article... in a certain format, anyway (as in totally capitalized). 71.33.67.58 (talk) 00:16, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * You're right, they shouldn't be in the article because they are not cited properly. They may well be true, but Wikipedia values verifiability over 'truth', and until they are verified they shouldn't be there. Note that I do not like any cults, but Wikipedia policies and guidelines should be maintained. Doug Weller (talk) 07:03, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

~This article is not neutral!
Seems this article is not very neutral. Mahikari is a known CULT! http://www.culthelp.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=834&Itemid=11 And i know because i was a member. These people are very dangerous!

N1gh7r4v3n (talk) 20:50, 21 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Best to gather that information based on reliable sources and insert section on criticism. Per definition it is a new religion. Based on that definition there are a few orgs that are considered cults but the term cult is conflict burden on Wikipedia. --Catflap08 (talk) 20:55, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

Check this:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmental_lists_of_cults_and_sects As i said mahikari is an official cult! N1gh7r4v3n (talk) 21:01, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mahikari


text:
List of storms named Narda

The name Narda has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 * Tropical Storm Narda (1983)
 * Tropical Storm Narda (1989)
 * Hurricane Narda (2001)
 * Tropical Storm Narda (2013)
 * Tropical Storm Narda (2019), made landfall in southwestern Mexico.

title: List of storms named Narda


text:
Talk:April Hunter

External Links...
Restored external links which have been part of the profile for quite some time since there is no logical/intelligent reason to remove them. (If they were not an issue in the past, fail to see why they are an issue now.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Unitednut (talk • contribs) 11:31, July 27, 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Please leave a ~.~.~.~ (remove the periods) to place your signature at the end of your post. 2)Just because links have been there for a long time does not mean its a.)not vandalism and b.)not link-spam, which these links were. 3)There should never be more than 3 links in the external links section at any rate to begin with. The Rypcord. 22:57, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) I gave up. But I do need to see the document on Wikipedia that states that "3)There should never be more than 3 links in the external links section at any rate to begin with." I have seen a ton of documents on Wikipedia that have much more than 3 links.

Born In...
Ok, infobox say she was born in 1972. The article says 1971. Which is it?  Don MEGA 60645   Talk| Contribs  15:32, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 1972

I put a verification tag on the birth year because this article currently states 1974, while this page argues between 1971 and 1972, and her IMDb profile states 1971... Can someone find out her actual birth year and reference it? -Fall Of Darkness 18:29, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually I've been trading emails with April and she says it's neither... she was born in 1973. Tabercil (talk) 23:05, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Quotes Section
I've deleted the section with the Quotes. Only because they should go up onto Wikiquote.org, a sister site that hosts only Quotes. Hellswasteland 15:32, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * She only has six quotes, hardly enought to warrant the creation of a page on Wikiquotes. Nenog 03:27, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I saw that you reverted another wikiquote suggestion as well. I can appreciate your reasoning, however that is what Wikiquote is there for.  April Hunter is notable enough to have a wikiquote article even with six quotes.  I'm not sure about the other person, however it is a better location for them both.  Then you link it together with a tag.  The bigger issue is that all the quotes are unsourced.  I'm familiar with both subjects so I did not suggest a prod for the other one, although again for the other if an admin comes along they will probably delte the whole article due to low or no-notability.  Hellswasteland 17:43, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Just because she is notable is not reason enough to create a Wikiquotes page when she only has six quotes. Samoa Joe is more notable than Hunter and he doesn't have a Wikiquotes page, simply because he doesn't have enough quotes to justify the creation of the page. If they have an excessive amount of quotes on their Wikipedia page, then create a Wikiquotes page and move them there. Nenog 18:51, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Privacy
Miss Hunter has requested only her stage name be used in the profile in order to protect her privacy from current and potential stalkers. I believe her right to privacy outweighs the need for someone on Wiki to post personal information. Miss Hunter can be contacted via a connection on her website: www.aprilhunter.com if anyone needs clarification. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Unitednut (talk • contribs) 17:48, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessarily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request it's removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

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✅ This issue has been resolved, and I have therefore removed the tag, if not already done. No further action is necessary.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 18:04, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

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birthyear?
Her homepage has the date, September 24. The year is bit trickier, in above section it is said she has emailed the user the year 1973. The problem is that can't be used as a source. The page is category 1974 births, while the infobox has 1976. I could not find a respected source which has 1976 (or is "Pro Wrestling Archive" a credible source?). IMDB has 1973, PRO WRESTLING wikia & Famous Birthdays have 1974, and some sites claim 1972. 85.76.43.145 (talk) 02:31, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:April Hunter


text:
Thank You for Smoking

Thank You for Smoking is a 2005 American satirical black comedy film written and directed by Jason Reitman and starring Aaron Eckhart, based on the 1994 satirical novel of the same name by Christopher Buckley. It follows the efforts of Big Tobacco's chief spokesman, Nick Naylor, who lobbies on behalf of cigarettes using heavy spin tactics while also trying to remain a role model for his 12-year-old son. Maria Bello, Adam Brody, Sam Elliott, Katie Holmes, Rob Lowe, William H. Macy, J. K. Simmons, and Robert Duvall appear in supporting roles.

The film was released in a limited run on March 17, 2006, and had a wide release on April 14. It received largely positive reviews, with particular praise for its screenplay, humor, themes, and Eckhart's performance. As of 2007, the film had grossed a total of more than $39 million worldwide. The film was released on DVD in the US on October 3, 2006, and in the UK on January 8, 2007.

Plot
Nick Naylor is a Big Tobacco spokesman using "research" from an institution of which he is vice-president, a tobacco lobby called the "Academy of Tobacco Studies". It claims there is no link between tobacco and lung disease. Naylor and his friends, firearm lobbyist Bobby Jay Bliss and alcohol lobbyist Polly Bailey, meet every week and jokingly call themselves the "Merchants of Death" or "The MOD Squad". As anti-tobacco campaigns mount and numbers of young smokers decline, Naylor's boss, BR, sends Naylor to Los Angeles to bargain for cigarette product placement in upcoming movies. Naylor takes along his young son, Joey, in hopes of bonding with him. The next day, Naylor is sent to meet with Lorne Lutch, the cancer-stricken man who once played the Marlboro Man in cigarette ads and is now campaigning against cigarettes. As his son watches, Naylor successfully offers Lutch a suitcase of money for his silence.

Senator Finistirre, one of Naylor's most vehement critics, promotes a bill to add a skull and crossbones POISON warning to cigarette packaging. As Naylor is about to appear before a U.S. Senate committee to fight the bill, he is kidnapped by a clandestine group and covered in nicotine patches. Awakening in a hospital, he learns he has survived due to his high nicotine tolerance from heavy smoking, but he is now hypersensitive to nicotine and can never smoke again. Meanwhile, Naylor is seduced by a young reporter named Heather Holloway into revealing secret information about his life and career. She makes it public via an exposé, criticizing his business activities and accusing him of training his son Joey to follow his amoral example. This results in negative PR for Naylor, which costs him his job.

Naylor tells the press about his affair with Holloway and promises to clear the names of everyone mentioned in her article. He then appears before the Senate committee, admitting to the dangers of smoking but arguing that public awareness is already high enough without extra warnings. He emphasizes consumer choice and responsibility and claims that if tobacco companies are guilty of tobacco-related deaths, then perhaps Finistirre's state of Vermont, as a major cheese producer, is likewise guilty of cholesterol-related deaths.

Although BR offers Naylor his old job again, Naylor rejects it as Big Tobacco is settling claims of liability. He also mentions Heather was humiliated upon being terminated by the paper for her article and has been reduced to a cub reporter handling weather on a local news station. Naylor supports his son's newfound interest in debating and opens a private lobbying firm. The MOD squad continues to meet with new members that represent the fast-food, oil, and biohazard industries. Now Naylor runs an agency called Naylor Strategic Relations and consults cellphone industry representatives concerned about claims that cellphones cause brain cancer, he narrates: "Michael Jordan plays ball. Charles Manson kills people. I talk. Everyone has a talent."

Cast

 * Aaron Eckhart as Nick Naylor, spokesman for the Academy of Tobacco Studies
 * Cameron Bright as Joey Naylor, Nick's son
 * Katie Holmes as Heather Holloway, reporter for The Washington Probe
 * Maria Bello as Polly Bailey, spokeswoman for the alcohol industry
 * David Koechner as Bobby Jay Bliss, spokesman for S.A.F.E.T.Y (Society for the Advancement of Firearms and Effective Training for Youth)
 * William H. Macy as Senator Ortolan Finistirre
 * Robert Duvall as the Captain, founder of the Academy for Tobacco Studies
 * J. K. Simmons as B.R., Nick's boss
 * Marianne Muellerleile as Joey's school teacher
 * Kim Dickens as Jill Naylor, Nick's ex-wife
 * Rob Lowe as Jeff Megall, Hollywood super-agent
 * Adam Brody as Jack, Jeff Megall's assistant
 * Sam Elliott as Lorne Lutch, the original Marlboro Man
 * Todd Louiso as Ron Goode
 * Connie Ray as Pearl
 * Dennis Miller as himself
 * Melora Hardin as Interviewer
 * Daniel Travis as Brad, Jill's current partner

Director Jason Reitman asked many of his prospective actors and actresses to be in the film by writing each of them a personal letter. Every one of his first choices accepted his or her part and most thanked Reitman for his letter. Reitman was also able to persuade Eckhart, Holmes, Macy, and Lowe to sign on to the film with minimum pay.

Production
Mel Gibson's Icon Productions bought the rights to Buckley's novel before its release. Initially, Gibson saw himself as starring as Nick Naylor in the adaptation. However, the satiric nature of the book meant the studio lacked a way to film it and the project lacked a usable script. Reitman became interested in heading an adaptation after reading the book, and independently wrote a draft for Icon executives after he discovered they owned the rights to the film. Reitman saw himself as a comic writer with a voice similar to Buckley's, and consciously attempted to maintain the satiric flavor of the book for his draft. The script was received favorably by Icon, and Gibson called Reitman to tell him how much he loved it. But over the next three years, the project languished because of a lack of financing and big studio interest, as most studios wanted Reitman to rewrite his script to include a more anti-smoking and uplifting ending. According to Reitman, studios wanted Naylor to have a change of heart by the film's end and repent for his past.

It was only after meeting David O. Sacks, who had made his fortune as the former COO of the Internet payment company PayPal, that Reitman found a financier for his script. A first-time producer, Sacks spent over a year trying to acquire the rights to the film from Icon. He financed most of the film's $8.5 million budget and let Reitman keep most of his original draft. The project marked Reitman's first feature-length film as a director, though he previously directed short films and commercials and had worked on the set of his father, director Ivan Reitman.

During the filming, Reitman made the conscious decision not to show any actual smoking of cigarettes. The only scenes that include smoking are older films the characters watch, such as when John Wayne lights up in Sands of Iwo Jima.

Before the film was screened at the Sundance Film Festival, internet rumors claimed that an extended nudity scene between Eckhart and Holmes had been cut down after pressure from Holmes' husband, Tom Cruise. Reitman and executives denied that such a scene had ever existed but welcomed the publicity it garnered for the film. Reitman later said that "Half the questions that I've been getting are thoughtful questions about the moral of lobbying and how does satire work. And the rest is just, 'Is there actually any nude footage out there?'"

Controversy also arose after the film was screened at the Toronto Film Festival. Thank You for Smoking was met with tremendous popular reception and afterward disputed claims emerged as to who had signed a distribution deal with Sacks. Fox Searchlight Pictures and Paramount Classics both issued competing press releases claiming that they had secured rights for the film's distribution. Sacks later claimed that he never reached a firm deal with Paramount, and noted that Fox Searchlight had offered $7 million for distribution, while Paramount Classics offered $6.7 million. Allegedly, Sacks called Paramount at 1:15 a.m. saying he was uncomfortable with their initial deal. Ruth Vitale, co-president of Paramount Classics said "He can't resell the film" and noted "I can only think that because of his naiveté and inexperience he would do this."

Serial entrepreneur Elon Musk is credited as Executive Producer of Thank You for Smoking. His participation was discussed during episode #1470 of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast with Musk as Rogan’s guest. It was also discussed during episode #49 of Lex Fridman's podcast.

Other members of the tight-knit and influential "PayPal Mafia" credited alongside Sacks and Musk as Executive Producers are Max Levchin and Peter Thiel (the Mafia's "don").

Critical reception
The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics. Film-review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 86% of 182 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.32/10. The site's general consensus is that "Loaded with delightfully unscrupulous characters and a witty, cynical script, Thank You For Smoking is a sharp satire with a brilliantly smarmy lead performance from Aaron Eckhart." Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from film critics, has a rating score of 71 based on 36 reviews. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone describing it as "acutely hilarious" and gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars. USA Today film critic Claudia Puig called it a "razor-sharp satire" that was "the wittiest dark comedy of the year thus far. It has appeal to all sides of the political spectrum." She praised the film for a "quirky and intelligent rarity that elicits wry smiles and hearty laughs alike" and compared it in tone to Election (1999). Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times also favorably reviewed the film, calling it a "very smart and funny movie" that had been "shrewdly" adapted to film from novel.

Box office performance
Thank You for Smoking initially opened at the box office in the U.S. as a limited release in just five theaters, and grossed $262,923 in its debut weekend for an average of $52,584 per theater, making it one of the top 100 average gross per theater films of all time. The film was later released in 1,015 theaters across the U.S. on April 14, 2006, and has gone on to gross $24,793,509 domestically and $14,529,518 outside the country, for a total of $39,323,027 worldwide. The highest it ever rated at the North American box office was #8 on the weekend of its wide release. Although the film's box office performance was excellent for Reitman's directorial debut, it paled in comparison with his next two films, Juno and Up in the Air, both of which made well over $150,000,000 worldwide. As of 2017, the movie is the 14th highest-grossing political satire film.

Criticism
The main contention most critics had with the film was its lack of continuity. Karina Longworth of Cinematical notes "Thank You for Smoking has a vague emotional arc, but narratively it plays out like a constellation of sitcom sketches, connected by the most tenuous threads of character evolution", while Empire observes "the problem's not so much with the movie's aim, as with the number of targets it's aiming at." Other reviewers criticized the film's overacting. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times notes "although he [Reitman] steers his cast through its paces with facility, he tends to oversell jokes that were already plenty loud in the book." The Hollywood Reporter wrote "While often entertaining, the film keeps hitting the same comic notes", and Salon said, "The actors here are entertaining enough to watch, even if they sometimes seem to be taking their mission (whatever they think it is) a bit too seriously."

The Nick Naylor character has been compared to real-life Richard Berman of the Center for Consumer Freedom.

While Thank You for Smoking the book was praised as a sharp criticism of both anti-smoking lobbyists and the tobacco industry, the film has received more mixed reviews on its satirical content. Steve Palopoli of Metro Silicon Valley writes that "no matter" how much the hype machine might hard-sell the idea that the movie "skewers both sides of the issue", "any child old enough to recognize Joe Camel can tell that underneath the sarcastic joking, this is a bitterly anti-smoking film." Palopoli goes on to say "the supposed case against the anti-smoking lobby has been reduced mostly to some limp jokes at the expense of William H. Macy's senator character, who is fervently against the tobacco lobby". Many felt the film's relatively sappy ending negated the slicker, darker tone of the book. The Washington Post's Desson Thomson thought that "as written and directed by Jason Reitman, Smoking is filtered too heavily with moral redemption."

Reitman has maintained his purpose was to match the tone and satirical message of the book as closely as possible. "What I wanted people to think about was political correctness. I wanted them to think about ideas of personal responsibility and personal choice. I think cigarettes are a wonderful location for that discussion because cigarettes are something we know all the answers to", he posits. "I wanted to look into this idea of why we feel the need to tell each other how to live and why we can't take personal responsibility for our own actions when we fall ill from things that we know are dangerous." Stephanie Zacharek of Salon agreed with Reitman, saying "Despite its title, the movie doesn't come packaged with a strong anti-smoking message, because it doesn't need to: Everyone knows that smoking is bad for you, including people who continue to do it."

There is no point during the film at which any of the characters smoke. Dargis of The New York Times unwittingly states, "Thank You for Smoking is rated R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian). It includes mild violence, discreet sex and, of course, countless cigarettes." In the film, even Robert Duvall's filtered cigarette maverick "The Captain" is shown repeatedly drinking mint juleps rather than smoking cigarettes. Some critics argue that Reitman's reluctance to show the characters smoking is further confirmation of the film's anti-smoking stance. Reitman has issued statements disagreeing with this view. He said in an interview that "While it's not anti-smoking, it's very important people don't think that this is a pro-smoking movie. It's about freedom of choice." Buckley said about the decision to omit smoking that "[I]t was very deliberate, and I think rather cool."

Industry reaction
The tobacco industry itself has been reluctant to take any sides or comment on the film. When New York Times reporter Michael Jankowsky contacted an Altria publicist about the tobacco giant's reaction, she "hesitated to respond, insisting that the film looks dated and poorly reflects the industry with depictions of tobacco executives as highly paid sleazeballs." Though Thank You for Smoking pokes fun at the industry, the novel it was adapted from is a much harsher critic of tobacco lobbyists, and the major tobacco companies have mostly kept quiet on the issue.

Accolades
Thank You for Smoking did not receive a wide variety of nominations from the major award circuits; however, it did garner two Golden Globe nominations in its year for Best Picture (Musical or Comedy) and Best Actor in the same film genre for Aaron Eckhart's portrayal of Nick Naylor. The Broadcast Film Critics Association recognized Cameron Bright for his performance as Joey with a nomination for Best Young Actor, and also gave the film itself a nomination in the Comedy category. Jason Reitman received the Best Directorial Debut award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures.

Soundtrack
The Thank You for Smoking soundtrack was released April 14, 2006, and the CD came out on April 18, 2006. The first nine tracks are popular songs about smoking taken from the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. The famous track "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)" opens the film. The final four tracks are instrumentals from the original score of Rolfe Kent, who had been nominated for best original score for his work on Sideways. AllMusic wrote that "The thread is obvious, but the selections sound handpicked rather than researched solely on the basis of their subject matter." Other critics have called the soundtrack "demented."

 * 1) "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)" (Tex Williams) – 2:54
 * 2) "Smoke Rings" (The Mills Brothers) – 2:55
 * 3) "Greenback Dollar" (The Kingston Trio) – 2:52
 * 4) "Little Organ Fugue" (The Swingle Singers) – 2:23
 * 5) "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" (The Platters) – 2:40
 * 6) "Three Cigarettes in an Ashtray" (Patsy Cline) – 2:16
 * 7) "Cigarettes and Whisky" (Ramblin' Jack Elliott) – 2:02
 * 8) "Cigarettes and Coffee" (Otis Redding) – 3:52
 * 9) "Another Puff" (Jerry Reed) – 4:06
 * 10) "Intro & Tobacco One" (Rolfe Kent) – 3:02
 * 11) "Donate It & Sex Back in Cigarettes" (Rolfe Kent) – 3:01
 * 12) "Joey & Drums of Doom" (Rolfe Kent) – 2:59
 * 13) "Spanish Epilogue Revisited" (Rolfe Kent) – 3:00
 * 14) "Wind of Change" (Scorpions) – 5:11

Home media
The DVD was released on October 3, 2006, by 20th Century Fox, with both a widescreen and fullscreen edition. Each DVD contains two commentaries, one exclusively with Reitman and another with Reitman, Eckhart, and Koechner. Other extras include thirteen deleted scenes, a Charlie Rose interview, a making-of featurette, an "America: Living in Spin" featurette, a poster gallery, and an art gallery. The film has not yet been released on Blu-ray.

Proposed television series
Variety reported on November 24, 2006, that NBC planned to create a television series based on the film. Sacks headed the adaptation as executive producer, with Rick Cleveland attached as head writer. After NBC passed on the project, it was brought to NBC's cable network, USA. James Dodson was set up as head writer as well as co-executive producer alongside Sacks. USA's chief programming executive Jeff Wachtel initially described the character as living between the morally ambiguous character of the film and Robin Hood. The series planned to adopt a different title and sought to start where the movie left off. The project never materialized and no official series of the movie has since developed. However, ABC's show Better Off Ted has been described as a "TV-sized version of Thank You for Smoking".

title: Thank You for Smoking


text:
List of storms named Newton

The name Newton has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

 * Tropical Storm Newton (1980) – short-lived storm, had no impact on land
 * Hurricane Newton (1986) – Category 1 hurricane that made landfall along both the western and eastern shores of the Gulf of California
 * Tropical Storm Newton (1992) – never impacted any land
 * Hurricane Newton (2016) – Category 1 hurricane that made landfall on the Baja California peninsula
 * Tropical Storm Newton (2022) – formed near southwestern Mexico and then moved out to sea, caused minor effects on land

title: List of storms named Newton


text:
Little Queen

Little Queen is the third studio album by American rock band Heart, released in May 1977 by Portrait Records. The album was recorded and mixed at Kaye-Smith Studios in Seattle, Washington, from February to April 1977. On June 29, 2004, a remastered version of Little Queen was released by Epic Records and Legacy Recordings with two bonus tracks.

Background
The group intended Magazine to be the official follow-up to their debut album Dreamboat Annie. However, a contract dispute with their label, Mushroom Records, resulted in the group signing with the newly formed Portrait Records, a division of CBS Records (now Sony BMG).

The Mushroom contract called for two albums, and the label took the position that they were owed a second one. On that basis, Mushroom attempted to prevent the release of Little Queen and any other work by Heart. They took the five unfinished tracks for Magazine and added a B-side and two live recordings. The first release of the album in April 1977 included a disclaimer on the back cover.

The court eventually decided that Heart was free to sign with a new label, but indeed owed Mushroom a second album. Therefore, Heart returned to the studio to re-record, remix, edit, and resequence the Magazine recordings in a marathon session over four days. A court-ordered guard stood nearby to prevent the master tapes from being erased.

Little Queen was released on May 14, 1977, and the reworked version of Magazine was entered Billboard on April 22, 1978. With the successful single "Barracuda", Little Queen outsold Magazine handily, eventually earning a triple platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). However, the almost simultaneous 1977 releases also gave the band the distinction of having all three of their albums (Dreamboat Annie, Magazine, and Little Queen) on the charts at the same time.

"Barracuda"
After Dreamboat Annie became a million seller, Mushroom took out a full-page ad in the December 30, 1976, issue of Rolling Stone magazine touting the band's success, using the headline "Million to One Shot Sells a Million". The ad looked like the front page of the tabloid newspaper National Enquirer and included a photo from the Dreamboat Annie cover shoot. The caption read: "Heart's Wilson Sisters Confess: 'It Was Only Our First Time!'"

After this ad surfaced, a Detroit radio promoter asked Ann Wilson about her lover—referring to Nancy, thus implying that the sisters were incestuous lesbian lovers. Ann was outraged and retreated to her hotel room to write a song. When she relayed the incident to Nancy, she, too, was infuriated. Nancy joined Ann and contributed a melody and bridge. The song became "Barracuda", which entered Billboard Hot 100 on May 28, and peaked at number 11. and remains one of the band's signature songs.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Little Queen.

Heart

 * Ann Wilson – lead vocals (tracks 1, 2, 4–6, 8–10); flute (track 2)
 * Nancy Wilson – acoustic guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 6–9); autoharp (tracks 2, 4); vocals (tracks 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9); mandolin (tracks 3, 4); piano (track 5); electric guitar (tracks 7, 10); blues harp, lead vocals (track 7)
 * Roger Fisher – lead guitar (tracks 1, 2, 5, 6, 10); mandolin (tracks 3, 4); electric guitar (tracks 8, 10)
 * Howard Leese – lead guitar (track 1); Mellotron (tracks 1, 4); acoustic guitar, piano (track 2); vocals (tracks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10); Moog bass (tracks 3, 4); electric guitar (track 5); guitar (track 6); grand piano, string arrangements, string conducting (track 7); mandolin (track 8)
 * Michael DeRosier – drums (tracks 1, 2, 5–8, 10); tabla (track 2); percussion (tracks 4, 8); timpani, chimes (track 10)
 * Steve Fossen – bass (tracks 1, 2, 5–8, 10)

Additional musicians

 * Lynn Wilson Keagle – vocals (tracks 9, 10)
 * Seal Dunnington – vocals (tracks 9, 10)

Technical

 * Mike Flicker – production, engineering
 * Buzz Richmond – engineering
 * Winslow Kutz – engineering
 * Mike Fisher – special direction

Artwork

 * Heart – cover concept
 * Mike Doud – art direction
 * Marilyn Romen – art direction
 * John Kehe – design
 * Bob Seidemann – photography

title: Little Queen


text:
Talk:Washington State Route 542

created Abby redirect
Because of the way the template operates, had to create Abbotsord B.C., Washington as a redirect LOL.....what happens on other WSRs, e.g. for Osoyoos, Grand Forks et al?Skookum1 (talk) 05:59, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
 * This isn't necessary. Replace "city" with "location" in jct and use wiki links inside there. The other articles haven't been updated yet.  Sounder Bruce  06:14, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Washington State Route 542


text: Talk:Little Queen

title: Talk:Little Queen


text:
Bigtop

Bigtop may refer to:
 * Circus
 * Bigtop Records
 * Bigtop, a distributed operating system project from Microsoft Research

title: Bigtop


text: Category:Towers by country

title: Category:Towers by country


text:
Talk:Yoshiaki Fujiwara

External links modified
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title: Talk:Yoshiaki Fujiwara


text:
List of storms named Nora

The name Nora has been used for eighteen tropical cyclones and one extratropical cyclone worldwide: seven in the Eastern Pacific, ten in the Western Pacific, and once in the Australian Region and in Western Europe.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Tropical Storm Nora (1985) – not a threat to land.
 * Hurricane Nora (1991) – a Category 2 hurricane that dissipated before making landfall.
 * Hurricane Nora (1997) – a powerful Category 4 hurricane which made landfall in Baja California, later moving into the Lower Colorado River Valley.
 * Hurricane Nora (2003) – a Category 2 hurricane that became the strongest storm of the season; made landfall as a tropical depression.
 * Tropical Storm Nora (2009) – no threat to land.
 * Tropical Storm Nora (2015) – approached Hawaii but dissipated before landfall.
 * Hurricane Nora (2021) – a large Category 1 hurricane that made landfall in the Mexican state of Jalisco.

In the Western Pacific:
 * Typhoon Nora (1945) – late-season typhoon which threatened the Philippines but eventually recurved at sea.
 * Typhoon Nora (1951) (T5112) – powerful typhoon which made landfall in northern Luzon, Hainan and northern Vietnam.
 * Typhoon Nora (1955) (T5525) – relatively strong typhoon which brushed the coast of Japan.
 * Tropical Storm Nora (1959) (T5913, 26W) – a tropical storm that made landfall in China.
 * Typhoon Nora (1962) (T6209, 46W) – struck the Korean Peninsula and Hokkaido, causing the deaths of 15 people.
 * Tropical Storm Nora (1964) (T6433, 49W, Moning) – weak tropical storm which caused a shipwreck in the Philippines, presumably killing 18.
 * Typhoon Nora (1967) (T6721, 24W, Sisang) – minimal typhoon which affected the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan and East China.
 * Tropical Storm Nora (1970) (T7023, 25W) – relatively strong tropical storm that brushed the coasts of southern Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand, with its remnants contributing to the formation of the 1970 Bhola cyclone.
 * Typhoon Nora (1973) (T7315, 17W, Luming) – one of the most intense tropical cyclones ever recorded; impacted the Philippines, Taiwan and China at a weaker strength, claiming at least 40 lives.
 * Severe Tropical Storm Nora (1976) (T7624, 25W, Aring) – struck the central and eastern regions of the Philippines.

In the Australian Region:
 * Cyclone Nora (2018) – made landfall in Far North Queensland, causing more than US$25 million in damages and economic losses.

In Western Europe:
 * Storm Nora, an extratropical cyclone which affected northern and western Europe, also known as Storm Eunice and Storm Zeynep.

title: List of storms named Nora


text:
Lidérc

A lidérc is a unique supernatural being of Hungarian folklore. It has three known varieties, which often borrow traits from one another.

The first, more traditional form of the lidérc is as a miracle chicken, csodacsirke in Hungarian, which hatches from the first egg of a black hen kept warm under the arm of a human. Some versions of the legend say that an unusually tiny black hen's egg, or any egg at all, may become a lidérc, or that the egg must be hatched by placing it in a heap of manure. The lidérc attaches itself to people to become their lover. If the owner is a woman, the being shifts into a man, but instead of pleasuring the woman, it fondles her, sits on her body, and sometimes sucks her blood, making her weak and sick after a time. From this source comes a Hungarian word for nightmare -- lidércnyomás, which literally means "lidérc pressure", from the pressure on the body while the being sits on it. Alternate names for the lidérc are iglic, ihlic in Csallóköz, lüdérc, piritusz in the south, and mit-mitke in the east. The lidérc hoards gold and thus makes its owner rich. To dispose of this form of the lidérc, it must be persuaded to perform an impossible task, such as haul sand with rope, or water with a sieve. It can also be destroyed by locking it into a tree hollow.

The second variety of the lidérc is as a tiny being, a temporal devil, földi ördög in Hungarian. It has many overlapping qualities with the miracle chicken form, and it may also be obtained from a black hen's egg, but more often it is found accidentally in rags, boxes, glass bottles, or in the pockets of old clothes. A person owning this form of the lidérc suddenly becomes rich and is capable of extraordinary feats, because the person's soul has supposedly been given to the lidérc, or even to the Devil.

The third variety is as a Satanic lover, ördögszerető in Hungarian, quite similar to an incubus or succubus. This form of the lidérc flies at night, appearing as a fiery light, a will o' the wisp, or even as a bird of fire. In the northern regions of Hungary and beyond, it is also known as ludvérc, lucfir. In Transylvania and Moldavia it goes by the names of lidérc, lüdérc, and sometimes ördög, literally, the Devil. While in flight, the lidérc sprinkles flames. On earth, it can assume a human shape, usually the shape of a much lamented dead relative or lover. Its footprints are that of a horse. The lidérc enters houses through chimneys or keyholes, brings sickness and doom to its victims. It leaves the house with a splash of flames and dirties the walls. Burning incense and birch branches prevent the lidérc from entering one's dwelling. In the eastern regions of Hungary and beyond, it is said the lidérc is impossible to outrun, it haunts cemeteries, and it must disappear at the first crow of a rooster at dawn.

Appearances in modern literature
A lidérc is mentioned in the famous historical novel The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco. "But he knew a prodigious spell that would make every woman succumb to love. You had to kill a black cat and dig out its eyes, then put them in two eggs of a black hen, one egg in one eye, one eye in the other (and he showed me two eggs that he swore he had taken from appropriate hens). Then you had to let the eggs rot in a pile of horse dung (and he had one ready in a corner of the vegetable garden where nobody ever went), and there a little devil would be born from each egg, and would then be at your service, procuring for you all the delights of this world."

 * mentioned in Katie MacAlister's novel Fire Me Up as a possible alternative to an incubus that forcibly attacked a human. Page 261.
 * mentioned in Steven Brust's & Megan Lindholm's novel, The Gypsy.
 * mentioned in Carol Goodman's novel The Incubus (re-released as The Demon Lover under the penname Juliet Dark).
 * mentioned in Daniel O'Malley's The Blitz, the third novel of The Rook Files trilogy.
 * mentioned in Frank Tallis 's novel Fatal lies.

Appearances in media
A shape-shifting lidérc is revealed in Lost Girl episode "Caged Fae" (301).

title: Lidérc


text:
Bill Wegman

William Edward Wegman (born December 19, 1962) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher.

After graduating from Oak Hills High School, Wegman was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 5th round of the 1981 amateur draft, where he played throughout his entire 11-year career, ending on October 1, 1995. In 1983, Wegman won the Ray Scarborough Award as the Brewers' Minor League Player of the Year. Wegman won a career-high 15 games in 1991, with a 2.84 earned run average.

title: Bill Wegman


text:
Talk:Captive Nations Week

Untitled
There's a column in the Views section of FoxNews.com written by Lee Edwards about former U.S. Ambassador Lev E. Dobriansky and Captive Nations Week (see article here) which states that Captive Nations Week has been officially declared for five decades, starting with the Eisenhower administration. This would seem to contradict the Wikipedia article, which says that it started with JFK. I'm going to try doing some digging on this, but if anyone else can point out evidence one way or another, it would be much appreciated.

--Hex 16 17:14, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Just an update: I've Googled Eisenhower and "Captive Nations Week" and found multiple references to Eisenhower having signed the initial resolution into law (as PUBLIC LAW 86-90 CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK RESOLUTION) in 1959. One source, the Congress of Russian Americans, lists the text of PL 86-90, which it condemns as racism against Russians, since it fails to list Russia as a captive nation, but mentions "Communist Russia" and "Russian Communism," implying that Russians are to blame for the spread of world Communism.

This is the only listing of the actual text of the law that I could find, but the key point is that the line at the bottom of the text reads "Approved July 17, 1959, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower." This being the case, I believe the Wiki article should be edited to reflect this. I'm still working on the wording, but any advice would be appreciated.

Thanks, --Hex 16 18:16, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Date of initiation
Several sources, including Hixson's Kennan bio and Karal Ann MArling's As Seen on TV, say that the Republican Congress passed legislation on the CNW every year since 1953. Apparently it became permanent law in 1959. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gerling (talk • contribs) 14:55, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Captive Nations Week


text:
Talk:Amadu's Jihad

I'm unpersuaded by the description of Amadu's jihad as "the Tukulor war." Tukulor derives from "Takrur," a people of Senegal, and is more commonly associated with people of that region; its use here is particularly confusing as Amadu's empire was later destroyed by a bonafide Tukulor empire, led by Umar Tall. Since a google search for Tukulor war turns up very few results (aside from our mirror sites), and other relevant articles on Seku Amadu don't use the term (see the biblio on the Seku Amadu article), I'm moving this to Amadu's jihad for now and fixing related links, though of course I'd be happy to see it moved back if anyone can find any relevant sources. --Dvyost 17:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right. This had nothing to do with the Tukulor who did not enter the region until almost a half century later. The title might need another change, but at least it is not incorrect. --A12n 23:10, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amadu's Jihad


text:
List of storms named Norbert

The name Norbert has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 * Hurricane Norbert (1984) – Category 4 hurricane that took an erratic and unusual track several hundred miles south of Baja California, making landfall there as a tropical storm
 * Hurricane Norbert (1990) – Category 1 hurricane that stayed at sea
 * Hurricane Norbert (2008) – Category 4 hurricane that struck Baja California at Category 2 strength
 * Hurricane Norbert (2014) – a Category 3 hurricane that affected Western Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula
 * Tropical Storm Norbert (2020) – moderate tropical storm that stayed at sea

title: List of storms named Norbert


text:
Talk:Libertarian theories of law

2005 comments

 * Willmcw, your editing out links to the few prominent libertarian legal theorists listed, seems inappropriate. Surely someone interested in libertarian legal theory might want to read things by the libertarian legal theorists? At least there can be an external links section with links to the writings of some of these prominent libertarian legal theorists? In the case of some, like Epstein, who have their own page, the internal Wiki link is sufficient; but for others who don't have a Wiki entry yet (like Gene Healy) or those who are about to be deleted (like me), there needs to be a link to their publications. Please give me your thoughts. --Nskinsella 17:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Go ahead and write articles about the people you think are notable. But loads of external links do not help the readers. This is an article about "Libertarian theories of law", so links to people's external bios are not particularly helpful unless those pages discuss their theories. And you are not about to be deleted. A page about Stephan Kinsella is currently being discussed to deletion. The links that are relevant and that provide significant info for readers should go at the end, in the external links section. Thanks, -Willmcw 18:07, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * See also: external links. -Willmcw 18:08, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * So Wiki discourages external links, when many people feel compelled to link "Texas" and "1965". If that's not needless clutter, I don't know what is. Nskinsella 00:35, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

"Libertarians"?
Under "references," we see listed: Randy Barnett, Richard Epstein, and Friedrich Hayek.

The only unambiguously libertarian lawyer among them is Barnett. Epstein is only quasi-libertarian. Hayek was not a lawyer, and only quasi-libertarian himself too. Terrible representative sample of "libertarian theories of law." NSKinsella (Stephan Kinsella) 05:23, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt Libertarianism = Anarcho-capitalism, so by the common use of the term, both Hayek and Epstein are libertarians. In any case, the References section lists the sources used for the article, regardless of what the author position is. It would be great to have here more about Hoppe, Rothbard, Friedman, Hazlitt, ext. This can potentially be an important article. --MeUser42 (talk) 08:29, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

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