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User talk:Ap0ught

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title: User talk:Ap0ught


text:
Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah

Abu Ali al-Mansur ibn al-Musta'li (أبو علي المنصور بن المستعلي; 31 December 1096 – 7 October 1130), better known by his regnal name al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah (الآمر بأحكام الله) was the tenth Fatimid caliph, ruling from 1101 to his death in 1130, and the 20th imam of the Musta'li Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam.

Al-Amir succeeded his father, al-Musta'li, at the age of five. For the first twenty years of his reign, al-Amir was a puppet of his uncle and father-in-law, the vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah, who ruled the Fatimid state and confined al-Amir, like al-Musta'li before him, to the palace. In December 1121, al-Afdal was murdered, officially by agents of the rival Nizari branch of Isma'ilism, although some medieval accounts blame al-Amir and al-Afdal's chief secretary, al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, instead. Al-Amir and al-Bata'ihi moved quickly to forestall a succession by one of al-Afdal's sons, imprisoning them and moving the vast treasures al-Afdal had amassed into the caliphal palace. Al-Bata'ihi was appointed as the new vizier, but al-Amir took an increasing role in government, and was prominently featured in spectacular public ceremonies. Finally, in 1125, al-Amir dismissed and imprisoned al-Bata'ihi, ruling thenceforth without a vizier.

Despite al-Afdal's and al-Bata'ihi's repeated military efforts against the Crusaders in Palestine, al-Amir's reign saw the progressive loss of the Fatimid coastal strongholds in the Levant apart from Ascalon. Al-Amir took care to strengthen relations with the fellow Musta'li Isma'ili Sulayhid realm of Yemen, and issued a statement of Musta'li orthodoxy, the al-Hidaya al-Amiriyya, in 1122, refuting Nizari claims to legitimacy. His assassination by Nizari agents in 1130, leaving only his infant son al-Tayyib as heir, threw the Fatimid regime into a succession struggle during which it almost collapsed. Fatimid rule was restored with the succession of al-Amir's cousin al-Hafiz li-Din Allah in 1132, which led to the division of Musta'li Isma'ilism into the rival Hafizi and Tayyibi branches.

Life
The future al-Amir was born on 31 December 1096 as Mansur, the oldest son of the ninth Fatimid imam-caliph, al-Musta'li ((r. 1094 – 1101)). His mother was a sister of the all-powerful vizier, al-Afdal Shahanshah, who had raised al-Musta'li to the throne in 1094 and was the de facto ruler of the Fatimid state.

Reign under al-Afdal's tutelage
Al-Musta'li died on 11 December 1101, and on the same day, at the age of five, al-Amir was proclaimed caliph by al-Afdal. Al-Afdal was already al-Amir's maternal uncle, and further strengthened the familial ties with the young caliph by marrying him to his own daughter. This was a departure from usual practice, as the Fatimid caliphs had until then had children with concubines and never legally wed. The formal marriage was evidently an attempt by al-Afdal to secure the succession of any progeny of this union over other children of the caliph. A decree, dictated by al-Afdal, renewed his appointment as vizier with plenipotentiary powers and ensured his ascendancy over the child-caliph. The first twenty years of al-Amir's reign were thus dominated by al-Afdal, who controlled government and restricted al-Amir to a few ceremonial duties. Like his father before him, al-Amir lived mostly confined in the caliphal palaces, while al-Afdal arrogated most ceremonial functions to himself.

Under al-Afdal's rule, the Fatimid state was chiefly occupied with the conflict with the Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This holy war also served as the main legitimization device for al-Afdal's rule and for the dynasty itself. During the previous decade, both the Fatimid state (the dawla) and the Fatimid Isma'ili mission (the da'wa) had suffered setbacks: much of the Levant had been lost to the Sunni Seljuk Turks, while al-Afdal's coup that installed al-Musta'li on the throne resulted in the breaking away of the Nizari Isma'ilis from Fatimid allegiance. As the historian Michael Brett writes, the struggle against the Crusaders "had given the dynasty fresh purpose". Despite al-Afdal's continuous campaigns, most of Palestine was lost to the Crusaders, along with the Levantine coastal cities of Tartus (1102), Acre (1104), Tripoli (1109), and Sidon (1111). Egypt itself was briefly invaded by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1117. The Fatimids largely fell back on the coastal city of Ascalon, which developed into a major fortress and outpost (ribat) of the holy war: for the next half-century it was to remain a centre for raids against the Crusader territories, and a guard of the route from Palestine into Egypt. Medieval Muslim historians often blame al-Amir for these disasters, but in reality he played no role in the Fatimid government during those years; the caliph was confined to the palace and public ceremonies, while al-Afdal ruled almost as a sultan via his own secretaries, first Mukhtar Taj al-Ma'ali and then al-Qa'id al-Bata'ihi. In 1115, the increasingly ill and feeble al-Afdal appointed his own son, Sama' al-Mulk Husayn, as his deputy and heir-presumptive, but after a failed assassination attempt in 1118 the vizier withdrew all privileges from his sons, whom he suspected of being involved, thus ending the prospect of a dynastic succession.

Assassination of al-Afdal
Al-Afdal's tutelage ended with his assassination on 11 December 1121, on the eve of the Eid al-Fitr. The deed was officially blamed on Nizari agents, but both medieval historians and modern scholars are skeptical: given his own resentment at the subordinate figurehead role to which al-Afdal had relegated him, al-Amir is suspected of having been the true instigator of the assassination.

While engaging in a public display of grief for his vizier and father-in-law and arranging a public burial ceremony in the caliphal palace, al-Amir moved quickly to imprison al-Afdal's sons and confiscate al-Afdal's enormous fortune, houses, and estates, while the moveable items were brought from the vizieral palace to his own palace. During their long rule over Egypt as quasi-sultans, al-Afdal and his father, Badr al-Jamali, had accumulated an enormous treasure, "the extent of which no one knew apart from God", according to the 13th-century encyclopaedist Ibn Khallikan. It was considered to have been larger than that of any previous king, and it took forty days to move it.

Vizierate of al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
As al-Amir had been left out of government and was unfamiliar with its intricacies, he selected al-Afdal's long-time chief of staff, al-Qa'id al-Bata'ihi, as vizier. The sources that blame al-Amir for al-Afdal's murder also implicate the ambitious al-Bata'ihi in the deed, or at least in concealing al-Afdal's death until al-Amir could arrive at the vizieral palace to designate al-Bata'ihi as al-Afdal's successor. After supervising the transfer of al-Afdal's treasures, al-Bata'ihi was formally proclaimed vizier on 13 February 1122, and given the honorific al-Ma'mun ('the trusted one'), by which he is known.

Al-Bata'ihi formally assumed the same plenipotentiary powers that al-Afdal had possessed, and was a capable administrator, but his position was much weaker vis-à-vis the caliph than his old master's: al-Amir resumed many of the old caliphal ceremonial functions that al-Afdal had arrogated to himself, and he henceforth had a voice in government. As historian Michael Brett writes, "The relationship itself was one of alliance, in which the minister was entrusted as before with the responsibilities of government, in return for bringing the monarch out from his seclusion into the public eye". Most importantly, al-Amir ensured that all tax income and precious textiles would be kept in the caliphal palace, and distributed from there. As ruler, al-Amir is portrayed in the sources as "unusually intelligent and knowledgeable", and was said to have memorized the Quran. The changed balance of power was apparent to al-Bata'ihi, who sought to secure his position by extracting a written pledge from al-Amir to communicate any denunciations or accusations directly to him. The document was to be valid until al-Bata'ihi's death, and the caliph furthermore undertook to look after the vizier's offspring after that.

In the aftermath of the assassination of al-Afdal, the threat of the Nizaris, who were implacably hostile to the rule of al-Amir and his father, was a major concern of the government, in view of the widespread network of agents they had established. Reports received in Cairo claimed that the chief Nizari leader, Hasan-i Sabbah, celebrated al-Afdal's murder and awaited the same fate for al-Amir and al-Bata'ihi. A hunt for Nizari agents was launched by the vizier, who established an extensive espionage network of his own to counter Nizati infiltration of Cairo. In addition, in December 1122 al-Amir convened a meeting of officials in Cairo in which the Nizari claims to the Nizar's being the rightful successor of Caliph al-Mustansir ((r. 1036 – 1094)) were publicly denounced, and the legitimacy of al-Musta'li's succession affirmed, by none other than a person presented as Nizar's only sister. A proclamation to that effect, the al-Hidaya al-Amiriyya, was issued on this occasion, publicly read from the pulpits of the mosques, and then sent to the Nizari communities in Persia.

In spring 1122, the Fatimid fleet managed to recover control of the Levantine port city of Tyre from its Turkish governor, appointed by Toghtekin, the Sunni Turkish ruler of Damascus. This triumph was short-lived, as a Venetian fleet under Doge Domenico Michiel attived to support the Crusader states of the Levant shortly after. While early Venetian raids on the Nile Delta were defeated, in 1123 the Venetians defeated the Fatimid fleet off Ascalon, and the Fatimid army sent to capture Jaffa was routed by the Crusaders at the Battle of Yibneh. With Tyre now again cut off and in danger of falling to the Crusaders, the Fatimids had to accept renewed Turkish control; left unsupported, the city capitulated to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in July 1124. In 1123, the Luwata Berbers invaded Egypt and reached as far as Alexandria, before they were driven back and forced to pay tribute. In the same year, the Zirid emir of Ifriqiya, Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali, also sent envoys to Cairo to announce his return to recognizing Fatimid suzerainty, and sought Fatimid assistance in repelling a possible Norman invasion.

Al-Amir also paid attention to courting the remaining pro-Fatimid, Musta'li Isma'ili communities abroad, especially in Yemen, led by the Sulayhid queen Arwa. Al-Afdal had sent an envoy, Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Najib al-Dawla, in 1119 to bring the Yemeni Isma'ilis into closer alignment with Cairo; after al-Afdal's death, the Fatimid engagement in Yemen intensified further, with the dispatch of military forces. This allowed Ibn Najib al-Dawla to pursue his own policies regardless of Queen Arwa, but he was heavily defeated while attempting to capture Zabid in 1124, with most of his Fatimid-supplied troops perishing. His independent activities and arrogant manner met with suspicion and then resistance from the Yemeni chieftains, who began to conspire against him and warned Cairo that he was engaged in Nizari propaganda; fake coins with the name of Nizar ibn al-Mustansir were even produced for the purpose. Another military detachment was sent to Yemen in late 1125 (after al-Bata'ihi's downfall) and brought back the disgraced envoy in chains. After public humiliation through the streets of Cairo, Ibn Najib al-Dawla was thrown in prison.

Personal rule
On 3 October 1125 al-Amir suddenly ordered al-Bata'ihi, his brother Haydara al-Mu'taman, and his chief aides arrested. Various reasons were put forward for this: that al-Amir did not forgive al-Bata'ihi the loss of Tyre; that the secretary Ibn Abi Usama convinced al-Amri that the vizier conspired with Ja'far, al-Amir's only full brother, to depose him; or that al-Bata'ihi was the true instigator of the fake Nizari coinage struck in Yemen. The truth is rather that al-Amir, like other caliphs in the past, had begun resenting the power of his over-mighty vizier. The vizier was also a victim of his own policies: unlike Badr and al-Afdal, al-Bata'ihi lacked a power base of his own in the army, and relied on the caliph as his patron; and the revival of al-Amir's public role, lavishly orchestrated by al-Bata'ihi himself, only served to strengthen the caliph's authority and self-confidence. Finally, the pledge extracted by al-Bata'ihi from the caliph, intended to safeguard him, may have backfired, as al-Amir perceived it as a personal humiliation. Haydara died in prison, but al-Bata'ihi was executed along with Ibn Najib al-Dawla on the night of 19/20 July 1128.

Al-Amir did not appoint a new vizier, becoming the first Fatimid caliph since al-Hakim ((r. 996 – 1021)) to personally lead the government, while relying on the heads of the various administrative departments for professional expertise. This was partly due to the lack of suitable candidates; the chief qadi, Abu'l-Hajjaj, refused to take on the job of supervising the departments citing his lack of experience in such matters. Soon, one of the department heads, the former Coptic Christian monk Ibn Qusa, rose to prominence due to his ability to provide the caliph with money through confiscations from Christians, Jews, and eventually Muslims as well, which caused much resentment among the latter. His ascendancy lasted for three years, from October/November 1126 to 1129, and he was awarded grand titles such as 'Holy Father', 'Lord of the [Coptic] Patriarchate', 'Father of Fathers', and even 'Thirteenth Apostle'. His end came when his exactions extended to the court eunuchs, who informed al-Amir of popular discontent, and that an uprising was brewing if nothing was done. Thereupon Ibn Qusa was arrested and beaten to death with shoes; his corpse was nailed to a plank and thrown into the Nile. Having ignored the matter for so long, al-Amir's own reputation was left tarnished from the affair, as well as from his extravagance and profligacy: it is said that the palace consumed 5,000 sheep per month, and the rich gifts he made to his favourites were remarked upon. The caliph saw himself obliged to make public gestures of contrition by freeing slaves, giving alms, and, on the advice of his jurists, extending the Ramadan fast by two months.

In February/March 1130, al-Amir finally had a son, who was named al-Tayyib. His birth was celebrated with public festivals, and letters were sent abroad announcing his birth, and his designation as successor.

Murder and aftermath
On 7 October 1130, al-Amir was assassinated by Nizari agents. He left only his six-month-old son, al-Tayyib, to succeed him, with no designated regent or serving vizier. Al-Amir's murder not only undid his attempts to once again concentrate power in the caliph's hands instead of over-mighty generals and ministers, but also, given the fragility of succession, endangered the very survival of the Fatimid dynasty.

Al-Tayyib was quickly sidelined, and his fate is unknown; modern historians speculate that he died in infancy or was killed. A new regime was installed under the regency of al-Amir's cousin, Abd al-Majid, which at first claimed to rule in the name of an unborn son by one of al-Amir's concubines. Within a fortnight, an army mutiny brought al-Afdal's last surviving son, Kutayfat, to power. Kutayfat abolished the Fatimid imamate and imprisoned Abd al-Majid, but was himself assassinated by Fatimid loyalists in December 1131. With no other heir available, Abd al-Majid took over as imam and caliph with the regnal name al-Hafiz li-Din Allah in January 1132, proclaiming that he had secretly received the designation by al-Amir before he had died.

Al-Hafiz' succession broke a continuous line of father-to-son succession of ten generations, something extremely rare in the Islamic world and much remarked upon by medieval authors. Al-Hafiz' accession thus represented an unprecedented departure from the accepted norm, and caused yet another schism in Isma'ilism, as the Musta'li sect was divided into those who accepted al-Hafiz's succession (the "Hafizis") and those who did not, upholding instead the imamate of the vanished al-Tayyib (the "Tayyibis"). The Hafizis were mostly concentrated in the Fatimid-controlled territories in Egypt, Nubia, and the Levant, while the Tayyibis resided in the Yemen, where Queen Arwa took up a leading role in forming a separate Tayyibi da'wa that survives to the present day.

The Tayyibis hold that al-Tayyib was entrusted by al-Amir to a certain Ibn Madyan, and that Ibn Madyan and his helpers hid the infant when Kutayfat came to power. Ibn Madyan was killed by Kutayfat, but his brother-in-law escaped with al-Tayyib, who went into concealment. Al-Tayyib is held to have died while still in concealment, and his offspring have continued as hidden imams to the present day. The public leadership of the Tayyibi community was instead assumed by a succession of 'absolute missionaries' (da'i al-mutlaq).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah


text:
Gangsa

A gangsa is a type of metallophone which is used mainly in Balinese and Javanese Gamelan music in Indonesia. In Balinese gong kebyar styles, there are two types of gangsa typically used: the smaller, higher pitched kantilan and the larger pemade. Each instrument consists of several tuned metal bars (either iron or bronze) each placed over an individual resonator. The bars are hit with a wooden panggul, each producing a different pitch. Duration of sound intensity and sound quality factors are generally accomplished by damping the vibration of the bar with the fingers of the free hand. Balinese gong kebyar gangsas, as with other metallophones in gong kebyar ensembles, are played in neighboring pairs with interlocking, rapid-tempo parts that elaborate on the melody of a piece of music (see Kotekan); these pairs are tuned to be dissonant and create certain wavelengths of sympathetic vibrations to create a shimmering tone (see Ombak) that travels long distances. The gangsa is very similar to the old gendér and the saron.

The same word is used to identify an ensemble of shallow hand-held gongs (one per musician) and to refer to the individual gongs as well in the traditional music of the Cordilleran Igorot peoples of Northern Luzon. Most performances are used to accompany dance. There is no standard tuning, and there are several methods of holding and addressing these gongs.

Contextual Associations
The gangsa is a metallophone idiophone of the Balinese people of Bali, Indonesia. It is a melodic instrument that is part of a Balinese gamelan gong kebyar. Traditionally, a single gamelan craftsman's workshop would construct, upon commission, a unified and uniquely tuned set of bronze instruments, numbering twenty or more, the sum total of which would constitute a gamelan gong kebyar. Sometime in the latter half of the 20th century, Balinese gamelan craftsmen realized there was a market, consisting mostly of foreign gamelan enthusiasts, interested in procuring single instruments. The gangsa pictured here is a product of this market niche. In a complete Balinese gamelan gong kebyar there would be, typically, nine gangsa of three different sizes and pitch registers called, from the largest and lowest-pitched to the smallest and highest-pitched: ugal, pemade, and kantilan. Each of these varieties of gangsa has ten keys suspended over tuned-bamboo resonators and are tuned to a pentatonic scale over the range of two octaves. The gangsa pictured here would, in the context of a full gamelan gong kebyar, be called a pemade. The wood casings of all gamelan gong kebyar instruments are typically ornately carved and often painted in vibrant shades of red and gold. Although not painted, the gangsa pictured here displays robust and deep carving on its surfaces consisting of stylized vegetation motifs (see detail #1) also found throughout the island of Bali on Hindu temples and other traditional architecture. Dating back to only the 1910s, the gamelan gong kebyar tradition has become the most iconic of Bali's many types of sacred and secular gamelan traditions. Sets are found in many villages and neighborhoods of towns and cities, manned by musicians from all walks of life. They are performed for religious celebrations, at arts schools and conservatories, for competitions, and at tourist venues, playing both instrumental compositions and for the accompaniment of dances.

Description
The gangsa is a two-octave metallophone with ten rectangular-shaped keys (don) suspended by rope and posts over tuned tube resonators (tiying or bumbung). The keys of this gangsa are made from bronze (krawang). Graduated in size, the keys are arranged in a horizontal plane from the longest, widest and thinnest one at one end of the case to the shortest, narrowest, and thickest one at the other end (see detail #2 and detail #3). Holes to receive the cord by which a key is suspended are drilled at one-quarter of a key's total length from both its ends. These are nodal (dead) points in the mode of vibration for rectangular keys. The keys are suspended over a teakwood casing (plawah) and above cylindrical tube resonators (bumbung) made from bamboo (tiying), one for each of the instrument's ten keys. Vertical wooden spacers are placed between the bumbung to keep them in alignment with their respective keys. Although externally the resonators are all the same length, internally they are stopped by a natural node that articulates a cavity of air which will maximally resonate the frequency of the key suspended above it (the differing positions of these nodes can be seen in detail #4). A row of metal posts is located on each of the two upward-facing flat surfaces of the case between pairs of keys, and upon these rest leather cords the ends of which are securely tied to the shoulders of the case. Each cord runs through and back out the hole at one end of each key. The loop thus formed on the bottom-side of a key has a short bamboo stop-pin inserted in it so that when the cord is pulled taut it blocks the cord from exiting the hole (see detail #5). This system of suspension involves minimal contact between non-sonorous material and the key itself, allowing it to vibrate freely for a long period of time after being struck. One wooden hammer-shaped beater (panggul) is used to strike the bars (detail #6).

title: Gangsa


text:
Choriamb

In Greek and Latin poetry, a choriamb (Ancient Greek: χορίαμβος - khoriambos) is a metron (prosodic foot) consisting of four syllables in the pattern long-short-short-long (— ‿ ‿ —), that is, a trochee alternating with an iamb. Choriambs are one of the two basic metra that do not occur in spoken verse, as distinguished from true lyric or sung verse. The choriamb is sometimes regarded as the "nucleus" of Aeolic verse, because the pattern long-short-short-long pattern occurs, but to label this a "choriamb" is potentially misleading.

In the prosody of English and other modern European languages, "choriamb" is sometimes used to describe four-syllable sequence of the pattern stressed-unstressed-unstressed-stressed (again, a trochee followed by an iamb): for example, "over the hill", "under the bridge", and "what a mistake!".

English prosody
In English, the choriamb is often found in the first four syllables of iambic pentameter verses, as here in Keats' To Autumn:

 * Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
 * Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
 * Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
 * Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
 * Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
 * Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
 * Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
 * And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
 * Steady thy laden head across a brook;
 * Or by a cider-press, with patient look,
 * Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

title: Choriamb


text:
Rich Monteleone

Richard Monteleone (born March 22, 1963) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and coach.

Career
Monteleone was the first round pick (20th overall) for the Detroit Tigers in the 1982 draft. However, he began his major league career with the Seattle Mariners in 1987. After a year in Seattle, Monteleone pitched relief for the California Angels from 1988 to 1989, the New York Yankees from 1990 to 1993, the San Francisco Giants in 1994, and the Angels again from 1995 to 1996. In 1995, he started the season in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with the Chunichi Dragons before returning to the Angels.

After his last season as a player in 1996, Monteleone became a coach for the Yankees. While he was most recently with the big league team, Monteleone has also coached Yankees' minor league teams during his tenure. From 2002 to 2004, Monteleone served as the bullpen coach for the Yankees, and was a special pitching instructor for the team from 2005 to 2008. He was fired by the team after the 2008 season.

Personal life
Monteleone and his wife Loretta have two daughters, Chelsea Rhae and Alexis Blake.

title: Rich Monteleone


text: User talk:Wcman

title: User talk:Wcman


text:
Almagro

Almagro may refer to:

People

 * Diego de Almagro (1475–1538), Spanish explorer
 * Diego Almagro II (1520–1542), assassin of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro
 * Luis Almagro (born 1963), Uruguayan lawyer, diplomat and politician
 * Nicolás Almagro (born 1985), Spanish tennis player

Places

 * Almagro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Almagro, Samar, municipality of the Samar province, Philippines
 * Almagro, Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
 * Almagro (Madrid), Spain

Other

 * Club Almagro, an Argentine football club from Almagro, Buenos Aires
 * Estadio Almagro, a multi-use stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Diego de Almagro Island

title: Almagro


text:
User talk:Bobby K

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:00, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:00, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Here are some more useful links that you should browse:

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Thanks, Stewart Adcock 16:25, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

By the way, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bobby K


text:
User talk:Alexdoroti

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexdoroti


text:
User talk:Horkmiller

Welcome
If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:00, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Nomination of Project OneLife for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Project OneLife is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Project OneLife until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Rathfelder (talk) 19:22, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Horkmiller


text:
User talk:Yoshi master

Welcome
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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:00, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:8623 image1.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:8623 image1.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. — J3ff 22:37, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yoshi master


text:
User talk:Kirzania

Refinery List
Kirzania, I am writing you because you seem to be quite involved in the List of oil refineries. As you may be aware, The Oil and Gas Journal, a widely read and respected weekly magazine in the petroleum industry, publishes a list of all the refineries in the world ... usually in one of their December issues. That annual list is about a 45-page, refinery-by-refinery in country-by-country tabulation including (for each refinery): location, crude oil daily processing capacity, and the size of each process unit in the refinery. The list is updated each year with additions, deletions, name changes, capacity changes, etc.

It seems to me that the Wikipedia's List of oil refineries should somehow take advantage of that resource. What would be the best way of doing so? Perhaps at least an external list with a brief description such as I have given here? I will watch here for your response. mbeychok 03:58, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Mbeychok, I didn't not create the list myself. I only made changes to refinery names based on aquisitions. Kirz

Image source problem with Image:Calumet Lubricants.jpg
This is an automated message from a robot. You have recently uploaded Image:Calumet Lubricants.jpg. The file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 20:35, 16 September 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. If you believe you received this message in error, please notify the bot's owner. OsamaKBOT 20:35, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Ergon 182x45.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ergon 182x45.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 06:23, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Lion Oil
An article that you have been involved in editing, Lion Oil, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you. Gavin Collins (talk) 12:12, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kirzania


text:
Regenerator

Regenerator may refer to:
 * Regenerative heat exchanger, a type of heat exchanger
 * Regenerator (band), an independent record label set up in 2001
 * Regenerator (Resident Evil), an enemy creature in the 2005 video game Resident Evil 4
 * Regenerator – Live 1982, a UFO album
 * Regenerator (EP), an EP by Autopilot Off
 * Regenerator Telecommunication, a type of line repeater that includes a retiming function

title: Regenerator


text:
Marabut

Marabut may refer to:

 * Marabut, Samar, a municipality in the province of Samar in the Philippines
 * Marabout, a type of Muslim religious leader

title: Marabut


text:
Daram

Daram may refer to:
 * Daram, Mazandaran, Iran (درام - Darām)
 * Daram, Zanjan, Iran (درم - Daram)
 * Daram, Samar, Philippines
 * SS Daram, an American cargo ship that ran aground on Long Bar Reef, Bermuda

title: Daram


text:
User talk:Pinguis

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation pages
Thank you for your work on CSD. Unfortunately, disambiguation pages do not follow the same stylistic rules as normal pages.

Please see the disambiguation style guide for more information. If you have any questions not answered there,

or try the help desk. Fourohfour 13:24, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Venue suggestion needed for a meet-up in Yuen Long

Dear:  ：

In the past meet-ups, we always had our meeting in the centre of Kowloon, either Kowloon Tong or Mong Kok. However, apart from these places, I am sure that alternative venues in other region would be suitable.

This is the time for your suggestion! According to some discussion on Chinese Wikipedia, from August of 2007, the Hong Kong Wikimedians’ meet-up would be held in all districts of Hong Kong in a circulation basis.

Here is the tentative information of the first meet-up：
 * Date： 11, August, 2007 (Saturday)
 * Time： After 5:00pm
 * Proposed region： Yuen Long

The community would request for ideas of where we should hold the meet-up , in order to have a better decision. If you have any good ideas, don’t hesitate to give your opinions, million thanks!

"Please don't hesitate to give your good suggestion to us"

Regards, Hong Kong Wikimedian Sith lord darth vader 04:17, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Celebrations for 2nd Anniversary of Wikimedia Hong Kong

Dear:  ：

Wikimedia Hong Kong has been founded two year ago. Today, we would like to invite you to a great event for our second anniversary celebrations, that is co-host by us - Digital Content Jam 1.0, which is belongs to The 3C Digital Creativity Dialogue Series -- Creativity, Content, Community.

This is the information of the event：

 * Date: 31, July, 2009 (Friday)
 * Time: From 7:00pm to 9:30pm
 * Venue: eTech Centre Meeting Room M2 &3, 4/F Opulent Building, 402-406 Hennessy Road, Wan Chai（Google map）
 * '''Language: Cantonese
 * Free snacks and drinks will be served!

'''Please register via the link below to tell us if you would like to join the event. Registration Form'''

Regards, Hong Kong Wikimedian Tango Chan×Chat with me 11:13, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Civil Human Rights Front for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Civil Human Rights Front is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Civil Human Rights Front until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Murry1975 (talk) 15:28, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Labour Advisory Board

A tag has been placed on Labour Advisory Board requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company, corporation or organization, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. WNYY98 (talk) 06:25, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pinguis


text:
User talk:Shootout99

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
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 * Meet other new users
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shootout99


text:
User talk:Hypnerotomachia

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hypnerotomachia


text:
User talk:Gomer Pyle~enwiki

Welcome
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Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gomer Pyle. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gomer Pyle~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:08, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gomer Pyle~enwiki


text:
User talk:Game God

Uploading

 * Before I talk, let me just say that EDITING should be done on this PARTICULAR post. You can edit your own, of course.
 * Hi there, I feel I should point out that by posting content, you already assented to certain possible editing of it, this is how Wikipedia works, see the big notice you plastered all over the bottom of the editor. You can request that no editing be done of certain pages, by saying "Please do not edit at all ... because", but other than documents in your user space, you would need some pretty strong justification for such a request.  Remember, when you were editing the page, and at the bottom, right by the save button it said ...If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, do not submit it.?  I mention this, because you've said "no editing" about three times, but this is a wiki, and that is not how things work on a wiki...
 * I am skeptical that the uploads would fit in very well content-wise, see what wikipedia is not.. some of these uploads would be best placed in a a link repository or file repository, they could be very useful, I am just skeptical that Wikipedia is the right place for them.
 * As for Microsoft Word Document uploads, that is not an open file format, it would be hard to edit transparently online, and it would be better to convert the useful encyclopedic content into wiki format: not all Wikipedians have the expensive proprietary software, Microsoft Word, required to read the documents: if any special document format is appropriate, it would be a simpler one such as RTF, provided automatic conversion to wiki markup were done. --Mysidia 23:09, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Well, here I am talking about three MAJOR things. They cannot be done unless Document/File Uploading is implemented. By that I mean more than Images. There should be a way to upload MICROSOFT DOCUMENTS. I know the risks of this: Viruses. But don’t say that Wikipedia doesn’t already have Image Uploading, which can lead to viruses. Anyway, here’s what I’LL do with the ability to upload Word Documents. I will also say one thing: please DO NOT delete ANYTHING from my uploads. I have a lot of lawyers to deal with it if necessary. Feel free to add on IN YOUR OWN UPLOADS or in text, but do not add on to MY uploads (you may make suggestions to add, though). I hope that I can edit my uploads.

1. A game called Runescape. I have created a huge 200 KB Database on Microsoft Word, full of links to ALL the Information about Runescape that is on the Internet. There are two parts: Information and Extras. Information is links to all the INFO on the Internet and Extras are just the stuff like Stories, Newspapers, Signiture Makers, ect. I have got it all formatted and put into groups.

2. A game named AdventureQuest, on the popular website http://www.BattleOn.com. I have put together a set of Projects: one of them is geared towards answering Questions & Answers, the other geared towards other information on AdventureQuest that you won’t find anywhere else. This has a lot of Video in it, so be prepared to have to click buttons. However, the links for the Projects may not be working (apart from the FAQ in Questions & Answers), because Ultimate AQ (where I posted Projects 1 – 3), and Encyclopedia Universica (Projects 3+, except the FAQ Project) have deleted my topics FOR NO REASON WHATSOEVER. I have, of course, pleaded to them to regenerate my topics, in mail. They do get 5,000,000 mails a second (though that is not the obstacle), and answer it with a machine that replies to ALL mail just like a mature professional mailer. Important mails and pleas are forwarded to real life people, who discuss whether it is worth it. However, I will get my reply at a minimum of 5 years, maximum of 20. Please DO NOT close down or delete this until 5 – 10 years have passed … I have said that it will take long.

3. The last, but not least, game is the Square Circle Co. series: Heli Attack. I have put together a website, which (unfortunately) cannot be launched for the next 3 years. However, I have made a Database telling the world in great details everything that I will put into my website (obviously not the Blueprints) so that they can be gripped and think of it. It will be the ULTIMATE resource for all Heli Attack fans, whether it is Heli Attack 1 or Heli Attack 3. Please DO NOT close down or delete this until 3 – 10 years have passed … I have said that it will take long.

4. The last, but certainly not least, is the PC Game Age of Mythology. I have put together a large Database of links for information, reviews, ect. To the game. It is an amazing resource, capsulating from the OFFICIAL Age of Mythology home to two simple Cheat Websites. Remember that I am giving FULL credit to the people who made the links (well, not really … just the websites. But you’ll find the real owner there).

Well, that’s about it. I have described what I shall do with these abilities. But there is one factor left: What will we do to stop people using this ability to infect Wikipedia with viruses? The answer is: we should be like Yahoo Mail! Simply put the file and click [ENTER]. The file gets scanned by Spam Guard +, McAffee, and 160 other top-of-the-rage Security Systems in UP TO 2 seconds on a Windows XP moderate Internet Connection. If no viruses are detected, the file gets uploaded.

Oh, and if you’re a Vandalizing Scammer, one thing you should know is that I have a saved Document of this.

Uploading 2: Uploading File Size
Well, apart from STRONGLY wanting to upload Documents/Files (see Suggestion above), I have attempted to upload something else: a very, very large and high-quality picture. So large and so high-quality that it was an entire 1.2 GB in size. Needless-to-say, I got a message saying that it was to large. When I compressed it, it started to become even more high-quality, and eventually it was a whole 1.4 GB because of the steadily higher quality. By this time, the high-quality was too much for the computer and it started making it blurry (I know this because it saw it switch for shining quality to blurry). So, you ask for my point .... CAN I HAVE 20 GB FILE UPLOADING SIZE? Yes ... I know what people could do with that. They could upload games, movies, and viruses. But we could set the system to be like Yahoo Mail ... all files get scanned with McAffee and other top-of-the-range File Scanners, so that no virus can be uploaded. In fact, I could upload a TEST VERSION of Runescape (Members), and a TEST VERSION of BattleOn (Guardians), which DOES NOT allow them to save their game and grow in levels further than 100. It only includes 300 of 300+ monsters (which will be updated regularly). I am currently working on both. So, will it be done? W001T, first post ... wait, that didn't go right.

title: User talk:Game God


text:
User talk:Crossy

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Cosmic Encounter boardgame.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cosmic Encounter boardgame.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 22:04, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crossy


text:
User talk:Ad Nauseam

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Username
My compliments on your choice of Username. I think it's neat. --DanielCD 02:08, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Cat system
Do you think you could find out how the cat system works. Before you continue distroying things. MOst notably you should also look up the work heirachy.--84.9.193.88 19:51, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Leeds
Hey, I don't recognise you from your wikipedia profile ;-), you're one of the Merseyside Hazards folks, right? Madashell 00:16, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Oss0304.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Oss0304.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 07:43, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:1000 nevermore warrel f.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:1000 nevermore warrel f.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 12:04, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:849326.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:849326.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 20:04, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Image:1000 nevermore warrel f.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:1000 nevermore warrel f.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:
 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rossrs 21:32, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:849326.jpg
You stated that this image was public domain because it was published by indymedia.org, unfortunatley this seems to be inacurate. The indymedia copyright statement only says that non-commercial distribution is allowed. That's not the same as public domain, in fact it's not even what we consider a free license (see WP:CSD). Based on this I have tageed the image as "no license". --Sherool (talk) 10:00, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:849326.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:849326.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add , without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. MECU ≈ talk 20:36, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nevermore - Nevermore.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Speedy deletion nomination of Andy Cook (footballer, born 1990)

A tag has been placed on Andy Cook (footballer, born 1990), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion discussion,. When a page has substantially identical content to that of a page deleted after a discusion, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.

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title: User talk:Ad Nauseam


text:
User talk:KathL

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome! (In the other sense of welcome...) -- Essjay ·  Talk 06:07, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Hi Kath! (I went to your user page; glad it wasn't blank.) ;) Kirz 16:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for chiming in on Talk:Otherkin. You may think your comments weren't helpful, but I think they were. This seems a relatively obscure topic and I think the more perspectives we can get, the better off we all are. It's great to see a new user come in and contribute to the project in such a levelheaded, helpful way. Hope you stick around. Friday 17:24, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KathL


text:
User talk:Dexter afi

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:38, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Hello, please tell me you're not Peacethruvandalism and Allroy. -- Mike Garcia | talk 02:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dexter afi


text:
User talk:Sergio Macías

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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 * Meet other new users
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC) ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 16:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Hi, Essjay meant to say that you can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing four tildes, i.e., " ~ "; the software automatically converts it to your username and the date. Welcome, Stewart Adcock 17:37, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi,

In the article "List of Ethnic Slurs", you mentioned that the word guiri comes from the phrase where is. But the phrase where is is donde está in Spanish. I also found on  that guiri has three meanings in Spanish, one of which is "turist." Thus, I truncated the fact entry greatly. If I'm wrong, please let me know by responding to my comment on the article's talk page. The change can be undone easily if it's incorrect.

Thanks,

67.165.217.42 05:31, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Madeleines
Hello, this is in reply to your e-mail:
 * Hello from (near) Barcelona
 * 25 November you added and image to the article "madeleine". A week later somebody deleted it, because this image is of a cupcake, not of a madeleine.  Nevertheless, in Spain, cupcakes are said "magdalenas" (sg. magdalena) and madeleines aren't easily found and haven't any special name.  Perhaps happens something alike in Switzerland?  I would like you to infom me about the question.  You can see my user page to know about me.  Better answer in English.  My German is very limited.  Thank you very much.
 * User:Sergio Macías

Thanks for the mail - I've replied at Talk:Madeleine, let's continue discussion there. Bye, Sandstein 19:38, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Clarification: I did not delete the image, it still exists!  I commented out the link in the article.   How this is done: please see How to edit a page (commenting page source) showing how text between    will be visible in the edit box while not being displayed in the article itself.   –Æ.  ✉ 00:36, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In reply to your new e-mail:
 * I write you last week about madeleine photograph. My e-mail is . I would like to know whether madeleine is used in erman-speaking Switzerland for cupcake.  Thank you very much.
 * I've replied already at Talk:Madeleine, see there. Please use my talk page to contact me under normal circumstances. Thank you. Sandstein 21:37, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Skype
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Molar mass constant
You changed the error bounds in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units article from 4.5e-10 to 3.5e-10 (diff). After some checking, I've changed it back (diff), with a direct quotation of, and citation to, the CGPM-endorsed text. I've also updated the molar mass constant article to use the same text (diff). I hope this is useful; please let me know if I have made any errors. -- The Anome (talk) 11:35, 4 February 2020 (UTC)

June 2021
Hello, I'm JalenFolf. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, CIEMAT, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at the tutorial on citing sources. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Jalen Folf  (talk)  21:25, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sergio Macías


text: User talk:Jsgraber

title: User talk:Jsgraber


text:
Pala Casino 400

The Pala Casino 400 was a 400-mile (643.737 km) NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at the Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. It was the second race of the Cup Series season (after the Daytona 500) and had been since 2022 as well as from 2005 to 2010.

History

Prior to 2005, the race was held in late April or early May, and until 2010, the race was run at a length of 500 miles. When the NASCAR Realignment of 2005 was made, the race was moved to February and the week following the Daytona 500. The race was moved from February to March in 2011. After being pleased with the results of the shortening of the track's former fall race date, the Pepsi Max 400, from 500 to 400 miles, this race was also shortened to 400 miles in 2011.

The Automobile Club of Southern California, the title sponsor of the track, was the title sponsor of the race from 2003 to 2020. WillCo Intelligent Stored Energy (WISE) Power became the title sponsor of the race in 2022. The Pala Casino Resort and Spa became the title sponsor of the race in 2023.

History

 * 1997: After nearly a decade, NASCAR came back to Southern California on June 22 with the inaugural California 500. The race featured 21 lead changes among a dozen different drivers. Jeff Gordon passed Mark Martin with 11 laps remaining and sped to victory. Terry Labonte took second, giving Hendrick Motorsports another 1–2 finish.
 * 2000: Jeremy Mayfield scores a win for Penske Racing South, his second of his career. During the post-race celebration, Mayfield jumped on the roof of the car and dented it, leaving the car to be too short and penalizing Mayfield championship points. For a while following the incident, NASCAR prevented drivers from being on the roof of the car in the Victory Lane, although drivers were later allowed to jump on the roof during victory celebrations.
 * 2001: On what would have been Dale Earnhardt's 50th birthday, the race was running with Rusty Wallace holding off Jeff Gordon at the end. During the celebration, Rusty had a 3 flag to fly around the track in the reverse direction. In 1993, Earnhardt and Wallace ran in reverse to hold Alan Kulwicki and Davey Allison flags at the last race in Atlanta that year. After Dale's death, Rusty was the last driver of that group of four drivers to race.
 * 2002: There were ten drivers who failed to finish the race; with five of the drivers forcing to leave the race due to terminal crashes while five other drivers had engine issues. Nearly 10% of the 199-minute race was held under a caution flag and the average green flag run was approximately 38 laps. Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s unfortunate accident forced NASCAR to pass a regulation forcing drivers to take the ambulance ride to the infield care center every time they crashed; he did not admit to having this injury until mid-September, resulting in changes to NASCAR's concussion policy. In the end, Jimmie Johnson holds off Kurt Busch to score his first career win.
 * 2008: The race started on Sunday, completing only 87 laps with 7 yellow flags and 2 red flags. One red flag was caused on lap 21 during the first day when Casey Mears spun upon hitting the water that had seeps up through cracks in the track, collided with Dale Earnhardt Jr., then got turned over on his roof by Sam Hornish Jr. NASCAR postponed the remainder of the event to Monday due to a lengthy red flag for rain. The rain delay on Sunday also delayed the Stater Brothers 300 to Monday. Carl Edwards would go on to win the event, while he finished 5th in the Nationwide Series race. The Cup Race was postponed at 2 AM ET on Monday and resumed at 1 PM ET the same day. The Nationwide Series Race was held shortly after 5 PM ET on Monday.
 * 2013: Kyle Busch won after Joey Logano and Denny Hamlin crashed fighting hard for the lead on the last lap. Busch also took the weekend sweep by winning the Nationwide race the day before. It is the first Fontana victory in the NASCAR Cup Series both for Joe Gibbs Racing and Toyota. From 2011 to 2013, Busch finished a reverse order: 3rd (2011), 2nd (2012), and 1st (2013). The last lap crash between Logano and Hamlin sent Hamlin into the inside wall (without a SAFER Barrier) head-on. As a result, he suffered a compression fracture of his L1 vertebra in his back, which forced him to miss four races.
 * 2014: Denny Hamlin missed the race when he came down with a sinus infection that impacted his vision about an hour before the race, necessitating Joe Gibbs Racing to hire Sam Hornish Jr. to drive the car. The race was marred by a massive rash of tire failures, with over 20 tire failures happening in the race itself. Multiple drivers, like Dale Earnhardt Jr., Kevin Harvick, Jimmie Johnson, Brad Keselowski, Marcos Ambrose, and more, fell victim to tire failures and had to work their way back through the field to salvage a lead lap finish. A spin by Clint Bowyer with two laps to go set up a dramatic green-white-checkered finish. Over the second-to-last lap, the field went five wide, with Kurt Busch leading. Over the last lap, Kyle Busch and Nationwide race winner Kyle Larson overtook Kurt for the lead. A side-by-side battle for the lead between Busch and Larson nicknamed the "Kyle and Kyle Show" unfolded. Larson looked like he was going to win his first Cup race, but Busch cleared and moved in front of Larson out of turn 4 and took his second straight win at Auto Club. There were a race-high 35 lead changes among 15 leaders.
 * 2016: After a late-race caution, Jimmie Johnson pulls out of the crowd to hold of leaders Kevin Harvick, and Denny Hamlin to claim his 77th career win in the Superman car, passing Dale Earnhardt in career wins. Johnson would later win his 7th Championship, tying Earnhardt and Richard Petty in most career championships.
 * 2019: Kyle Busch earns his 200th win after sweeping all 3 stages and coming back from a penalty on pit road, tying Richard Petty for the most NASCAR National Series wins.
 * 2020: Following a pre-race tribute to Jimmie Johnson in his final race at Fontana, his Hendrick Motorsports teammate Alex Bowman leads a race-high 110 laps to earn his second career victory.
 * 2022: The Cup Series returned to Fontana after a two-year absence. The race featured 12 cautions (a new track record) and 32 lead changes, the last being defending series champion Kyle Larson's pass of Daniel Suarez with three laps to go.

title: Pala Casino 400


text:
Vagrant darter

The vagrant darter (Sympetrum vulgatum) is a European dragonfly. The species takes its English name from its habit of occasionally appearing as a rare vagrant north of its normal range. However, it is likely to be under-recorded because it is very similar to the common darter (S. striolatum).

The species is common in central and northeast Europe. It breeds in standing water.

title: Vagrant darter


text:
Chad Everett

Raymon Lee Cramton (June 11, 1937 – July 24, 2012), known professionally as Chad Everett, was an American actor who appeared in more than 40 films and television series. He played Dr. Joe Gannon in the television drama  Medical Center, which aired from 1969 to 1976.

Early life
Everett's father was a racecar driver as well as a racing mechanic and an auto parts salesman. Some confusion existed regarding the year of his birth. According to The Washington Post, "many reference sources list Mr. Everett's date of birth as 1936, but legal records indicate he was born one year later. He routinely gave his age as consistent with a birth date in 1937." His name was later changed to Chad Everett by his agent Henry Willson.

Everett said he did not mind the change because he was tired of explaining his real name: "Raymon-no-D, Cramton-no-P." He was raised in Dearborn, Michigan, where he attended Fordson High School. While there, he played on the football team as a quarterback and began acting in stage plays at age 14. During his junior year at Wayne State University in Detroit, he joined a State Department–sponsored acting troupe that toured India. "I went into acting because I'm easily bored", Everett once said. "Acting seemed to give vent to a lot of different feelings." He graduated from WSU with a degree in drama.

Acting
In 1961, Everett signed a seven-year contract to MGM.

Everett's first notable role came in an episode of the 1960-1962 detective series Surfside 6. His first major role came a year later in the film Claudelle Inglish, and he played a deputy in the short-lived 1963 ABC Western television series The Dakotas. After appearing in a number of movies and television series in the later 1960s, he got his big break, landing the role of Dr. Joe Gannon on the medical drama Medical Center, with costar James Daly.

He appeared in numerous films and television series, including The Singing Nun, Centennial, Hagen, Airplane II: The Sequel, Star Command, and Mulholland Drive. He also appeared as a guest star in more than 40 television series such as Redigo; Melrose Place; The Nanny; Touched by an Angel; Diagnosis: Murder; Caroline in the City; Murder, She Wrote; The Red Skelton Show; The Man from U.N.C.L.E.; and Route 66.

In 1986, Everett's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame was unveiled.

In 1987, Everett supplied the voice of Ultraman Chuck in the English version of the animated movie Ultraman: The Adventure Begins and voiced several characters in the animated television series The New Yogi Bear Show. He hosted Trinity Broadcasting Network's Master's Theater. He was selected by the family of John Wayne to be the voice of the audio-animatronic figure of Wayne in Disney's Hollywood Studios' The Great Movie Ride. Based on Patrick Wayne's suggestion, Everett also provided the voice of Wayne in a scene that only appears in the VHS version of Gremlins 2: The New Batch (replacing the Hulk Hogan scene that appeared in the theatrical and DVD versions).

In 2001, Everett played one brief scene with Naomi Watts in David Lynch's Mulholland Drive. Salon online magazine cited this scene as "the heart of the movie".

Writing
Everett authored and self-published a book of romantic poetry, which he dedicated to wife Shelby Grant.

Singing
He recorded a couple of albums, including All Strung Out in 1971, for Marina, by MGM covering Ain't No Sunshine.

Philanthropy
For many years, Everett co-hosted the Labor Day Jerry Lewis Telethon, which raises money and awareness for and about the affliction of muscular dystrophy.

Personal life
Everett married actress Shelby Grant in Tucson, Arizona on May 22, 1966. Everett was on location in Tucson filming the 1967 movie Return of the Gunfighter at the time of their wedding. They had two daughters, Katherine and Shannon. The couple remained married for 45 years until her death after a brain aneurysm on June 25, 2011. Everett credited his family with being a stabilizing force in his life, stating that even in the worst of times, Grant "never threatened to leave. She would tell me that she was there for me. If not for my family, I would have been in big trouble." Grant noted his romanticism; he sent her so many flowers during their courtship that "my balcony looked like a burial ground." He also often wrote sentimental poems to Grant throughout their marriage, as well as to his daughters. The couple renewed their marriage vows every seven years.

During an appearance on The Dick Cavett Show that aired on March 31, 1972, Everett notoriously listed his animals as "three horses and three dogs and a wife" and that his wife was " ... the most beautiful animal I own." Fellow guest Lily Tomlin gasped, "You own? I have to leave!" and walked off the set. Everett later clarified that his wife owned him as well and reported that he felt chagrined by Tomlin's departure.

After Medical Center ended, Everett became frustrated when no movie roles were forthcoming and television roles were not working out. A long-time social drinker, he began drinking heavily. He was consuming a quart of vodka a day by the time he quit drinking in 1986. "I was a functional alcoholic." Shelby noted his alcohol-related mood swings and has said, "[F]inally I confronted him. I came into the bedroom with a big pot of coffee one morning and said 'we have a major problem to deal with here.'" A month later, Everett caught sight of himself on a video and did not like what he saw. "'Finally,' I said, 'I am really in trouble'. I stepped outside and I looked up and said 'Father, you take it. I can't handle it anymore.'" The next day, he told his daughters (who were living at home at the time), "I am addicted to alcohol, and I am not going away to detox. I am going to do it here so that you can see what happens to someone if you let a substance take control of you." He attended his first Alcoholics Anonymous meeting the next day and claimed he never drank again, attributing his discipline to his Christian faith and his self-pride.

Paternity lawsuit
Beginning in 1973, actress Sheila Scott initiated court proceedings against Everett three times, claiming her son Dale (born 1973) was fathered by him. The lengthy and complicated paternity suit ended in 1984 when a California Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Everett. The court stated: "'From the evidence adduced, the jury concluded that Everett was not Dale's father despite the 94.67 percent probability of paternity from the HLA test'... 'In this appeal, we affirm a judgment following a jury verdict finding the defendant and respondent not to be the father of the minor child.'"

Everett refused to take any more tests regarding paternity. He entered into a private financial settlement with Scott in 1973 but steadfastly maintained he was not Dale's father. In 1991, Scott was sentenced to three months' probation following a guilty verdict of "harassing" Everett for 18 years, including death threats against him and his wife. She was ordered to undergo psychological testing and never to publicly declare that Everett was Dale's father.

Death
Everett died on July 24, 2012, at his home in Los Angeles of lung cancer. He was 75 years old.

TV and filmography

 * Claudelle Inglish (1961) as Linn Varner
 * Lawman (1961, TV series) as Cole Herod / Jim Austin
 * 77 Sunset Strip (1962, TV series) as Ross / Anthony Chase / Mark Adams
 * Rome Adventure (1962) as Young Man
 * The Chapman Report (1962) as Bob Jensen
 * The Dakotas (1962–63, TV series) as Deputy Del Stark
 * Get Yourself a College Girl (1964) as Gary Underwood
 * Branded (1965, TV series) as Adam Manning / Tad Manning
 * Combat! (1965, TV series) as Steve Kovac
 * Made in Paris (1966) as Ted Barclay
 * The Singing Nun (1966) as Robert Gerarde
 * Johnny Tiger (1966) as Johnny Tiger
 * First to Fight (1967) as Sergeant Jack Connell
 * Return of the Gunfighter (1967) as Lee Sutton
 * The Last Challenge (1967) as 'Lot' McGuire
 * The F.B.I. (1968) as Daniel Sayers
 * The Impossible Years (1968) as Richard Merrick
 * Medical Center (1969–1976, TV series) as Dr. Joe Gannon
 * Ironside (1969, TV series) as Larry Van Druten
 * The Firechasers (1971) as Quentin Barnaby
 * Give Me My Money (1977)
 * Centennial (1978–79, TV mini-series) as Major Maxwell Mercy
 * The French Atlantic Affair (1979, TV mini-series) as Harold Columbine
 * Hagen (1980, TV Series) as Paul Hagen
 * The Intruder Within (1981, TV movie) as Jake Nevins
 * Airplane II: The Sequel (1982) as Simon Kurtz
 * Madame's Place (1982, TV series) as Himself
 * The Rousters (1983–84, TV series) as Wyatt Earp III
 * Malibu (1983, TV movie) as Art Bonnell
 * Fever Pitch (1985) as The Dutchman
 * Murder, She Wrote (1986–1993, TV series) as Martin Fraser / Clark Blanchard / Lieutenant Redick / Kevin Keats
 * The Jigsaw Murders (1989) as Sergeant Joe DaVonzo
 * Thunderboat Row (1989, TV movie) as Ben Bishop
 * Heroes Stand Alone (1989) as Zack Duncan
 * McKenna (1994–1995, TV series) as Jack McKenna
 * Cybill (1995, TV series) as David Whittier Sr.
 * Star Command (1996, TV movie) as Commander Shane Ridnaur
 * Touched by an Angel (1997, episode: "Crisis of Faith") as Reverend Daniel Brewer
 * Diagnosis: Murder (1997, episode: 'Physician, Murder Thyself') as Dr. Clayton Andrews
 * When Time Expires (1997, TV movie) as Walter Kelly, June's Father
 * Just Shoot Me (1997, TV series) as Tom Youngerman
 * Melrose Place (1998, TV series) as Thomas Sterling
 * Psycho (1998) as Tom Cassidy
 * Free Fall (1999) as Richard Pierce
 * Manhattan, AZ (2000, TV series) as Jake Manhattan
 * Mulholland Drive (2001) as Jimmy Katz
 * Frank McKlusky, C.I. (2002) as Doctor (uncredited)
 * View from the Top (2003) as Jack Weston (uncredited)
 * Tiptoes (2003) as Kirk
 * Wake Up, Ron Burgundy: The Lost Movie (2004) as Jess Moondragon (cameo)
 * The Mountain (2005) as Toby (pilot)
 * E-Ring (2006, TV series) as Army Chief of Staff General Long
 * Cold Case (2006, episode: "Forever Blue") as Jimmy Bruno
 * Unspoken (2006) as Narrator
 * Without a Trace (2007, episode: "Skin Deep") as Joseph Pratt
 * The Pink Conspiracy (2007) as Dr. Redbush
 * Break (2008) as The Man
 * Supernatural (2009, episode: "The Curious Case of Dean Winchester") as Old Dean Winchester
 * Undercovers (2010–2012, TV series) as Professor Joseph Shilling
 * No Clean Break (2011, TV series) as The Man
 * Chemistry (2011, TV series) as Victor 'Vic' Strathmore
 * Castle (2012, TV series) as Jerry Maddox

title: Chad Everett


text:
User talk:Tertulia

Nathaniel Ward
Glad to be of service. I was listening to the BBC's Sceptred Isle-The Empire and wanted to know more, but found a gap. I will leave The Body of Liberties  to a lawyer to summarise! JMcC 19:07, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Tertulia


text:
The Deepings

The Deepings are a series of settlements close to the River Welland near the borders of southern Lincolnshire and north western Cambridgeshire in eastern England. Peterborough is about 8 miles to the south, Spalding about 10 miles to the north east and Stamford about 8 miles to the west.

The area is very low-lying, and gave The Deepings their name (a Saxon name translatable as either 'deep places' or 'deep lands'). The villages are mentioned in the Domesday Book. Deeping Fen lies to the North, and the drainage of it was an important part of seventeenth and eighteenth century land reclamation. It is now the responsibility of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.

Lincolnshire
Within the South Kesteven District Council Area:
 * Market Deeping — a market town and the largest of the Deepings settlements
 * Deeping St James — a village and the second largest Deepings settlement. The civil parish of Deeping St James includes the villages of:
 * Frognall
 * Stowgate
 * West Deeping

Within the South Holland District Council Area:
 * Deeping St Nicholas
 * Hop Pole — a hamlet within the Deeping St Nicholas civil parish
 * Tongue End

Cambridgeshire

 * Deeping Gate — a village within the City of Peterborough

History
Drainage of the area dates back at least as far as the Romans, and the Car Dyke, but the capital involved always required a strong state, and rich men, to improve the land. "In William the Conqueror's reign Richard de Rulos who was the Lord and Owner of part of Deeping Fen "and was much addicted to good husbandry, such as tillage and breeding of cattle. took in a great part of the common fen adjacent and converted it into several, for meadows and pastures. He also made an Inclosure from the Chapel of St. Guthlac of all his lands up to the Cardyke, excluding the river Welland within a mighty bank; because almost every year his meadows lying near that stream were overflowed. upon this bank he erected tenements and cottages and in a short time made it a large town, whereunto he assigned gardens and arable fields, By thus embanking the river he reduced the low grounds, which before that time were deep lakes and impassable fens, (hence the name Deep-ing or Deep Meadow), into most fruitful fields and pastures ; and the most humid and moorish parts to a garden of pleasure. Having by this good husbandry brought the soil to that fertile condition, he converted the chapel of St Guthlac into a church, the place now being called Market Deeping, By the like means of banking and draining he also made a village dedicated to St. James in the very pan of Pudlington, and by much labour and charge reduced it into fields, meadows, and pasture, which is now called Deeping St. James -- W.H. Wheeler, quoting William Dugdale. Dugdale drew heavily on William Camden's Brittania which tells the same story in nearly the same words."

title: The Deepings