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George Dyson (composer)

Sir George Dyson (28 May 1883 – 28 September 1964) was an English musician and composer. After studying at the Royal College of Music (RCM) in London, and army service in the First World War, he was a schoolmaster and college lecturer. In 1938 he became director of the RCM, the first of its alumni to do so. As director he instituted financial and organisational reforms and steered the college through the difficult days of the Second World War.

As a composer Dyson wrote in a traditional idiom, reflecting the influence of his teachers at the RCM, Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford. His works were well known during his lifetime but underwent a period of neglect before being revived in the late 20th century.

Early years
Dyson was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, the eldest of the three children of John William Dyson, a blacksmith, and his wife, Alice, née Greenwood, a weaver. Dyson senior was also organist and choirmaster at a local church, and both parents were members of amateur choirs. They encouraged their son's musical talent, and at the age of 13 he was appointed as a church organist. Three years later he secured an FRCO (Fellowship of the Royal College of Organists), and in 1900 he won an open scholarship to the Royal College of Music (RCM) where he studied composition with Sir Charles Villiers Stanford. He supported himself during his years studying at the RCM by working as assistant organist at St Alfege Church, Greenwich.

He won the Arthur Sullivan prize for composition while still an RCM student, and in 1904 was awarded a Mendelssohn Scholarship, which enabled him to spend three years in Italy, Austria and Germany. He met leading musicians including Richard Strauss, whose style is believed to have influenced Dyson's early compositions. His symphonic poem Siena (1907) was considered by The Times to stand out from many works by other young composers, but the score has not survived.

When he returned to Britain in 1907 Dyson was appointed director of music at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, on the recommendation of Sir Hubert Parry, director of the RCM. From there he moved to Marlborough College in 1911.

On the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 Dyson joined the Royal Fusiliers, becoming grenadier officer of the 99th infantry brigade. In that role he wrote a training pamphlet on grenade warfare for which he became well known. In 1916, incapacitated by shell-shock, he was invalided back to England. Parry recorded in his diary how shaken he was when he saw Dyson, "a shadow of his former self".

In November 1917 Dyson married Mildred Lucy Atkey (1880–1975), daughter of a London solicitor. They had a son, Freeman, who became a noted theoretical physicist and mathematician, and a daughter, Alice. In 1917 Dyson received the degree of DMus from the University of Oxford.

After a long convalescence Dyson was commissioned as a major in the newly formed Royal Air Force (RAF), serving until 1920. In this capacity, organising RAF bands, he completed the short score of Henry Walford Davies's RAF March Past, adding a slow middle section and fully scoring the whole piece.

Schoolmaster and professor
In 1920 Dyson's composing career advanced when his Three Rhapsodies for string quartet were chosen for publication under the Carnegie Trust's publication scheme. In 1921 he took up the posts of music master at Wellington College and professor of composition at the RCM. In 1924, while remaining at the RCM he switched schools, moving to Winchester College. His biographer Lewis Foreman comments that it was during his dual tenure at the RCM and Winchester that "the various strands of his mature career as a composer developed".

In addition to teaching at the RCM and Winchester and directing the school's music, Dyson was conductor of an adult choral society, and a visiting lecturer at Liverpool and Glasgow universities; composing had to be fitted into what spare time he had. Works from this period include the cantata In Honour of the City (1928), described by The Musical Times as "a virile fantasia for chorus and orchestra [which] illustrates memorably the composer's talent for diatonic melody of impressive eloquence, his predilection for enharmonic modulation contrived with apposite ingenuity, and his accomplished handling of orchestral subtleties." Foreman writes that the cantata was so successful that Dyson soon produced a more ambitious piece, The Canterbury Pilgrims (1931) "a succession of evocative and colourful Chaucerian portraits … and probably his most famous score".

British choral festivals commissioned new works from Dyson. For the Three Choirs Festival he composed St Paul's Voyage to Melita (1933) and Nebuchadnezzar (1935) and for Leeds, The Blacksmiths (1934). Purely orchestral works included a Symphony in G (1937), which The Times praised for originality, underivative nature and avoidance of "the freakishly obscure or the pompously grandiose".

From the early 1930s Dyson and others had been concerned about the future of amateur music making in Britain, which was under increasing pressure from the Great Depression and what Dyson called "the invasions of mechanical music" – the gramophone and the radio. With the aid of the Carnegie Trust Dyson co-founded the National Federation of Music Societies in 1935 as an umbrella organisation and financial bulwark for music groups and performing societies.

RCM director and later years
In 1938 Dyson was appointed director of the RCM on the retirement of Sir Hugh Allen; he took great pride in being the first former student of the RCM to become its director. He secured funding for the college from the University Grants Committee, and set up a pension scheme for the staff. He instituted an overhaul of the college's facilities, from rehearsal space down to lavatories, to provide a better working environment for the students. He also modernised the curriculum and examination system of the college. He held the strong view that with first-rate performances of music now easily and regularly available on radio and record, people now coming into the musical profession needed to attain the highest standards if they were to compete. His emphasis on technical excellence led to criticism; The Times said that he "reversed the humanistic trend that had been the ideal of the college".

When the Second World War began in 1939 many educational and other organisations were evacuated from London to avoid the expected bombing. Dyson was adamant that the RCM should remain in its home in South Kensington. His decision had important consequences beyond the college, as other institutions followed suit, with the result that continuity of training was possible and standards were maintained. At the RCM, Malcolm Sargent took charge of the college orchestra, and Karl Geiringer, displaced by the Nazis from the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, joined the faculty.

After the war, Dyson had to deal with a surge in demand for places at the college: students who had interrupted their studies to join the armed forces and the post-war generation of new applicants swelled the numbers of applicants, and Dyson and his board were obliged to make the requirements for entry more stringent. His emphasis on practical musicianship led him to cull the college's library and archives, disposing of many old books and manuscripts, to the outrage of some colleagues.

Dyson's encouragement of talent sometimes showed itself in a willingness to depart from normal practice when he felt it necessary. Although Colin Davis, as a clarinet student, was not allowed to take part in the conducting class because his pianistic skills were judged inadequate, Malcolm Arnold fared better: even though he decamped from the college, Dyson encouraged him to return and smoothed his path in doing so; for Julian Bream Dyson made special arrangements to enable him to pursue his guitar studies, not hitherto part of the college's curriculum.

Dyson received a knighthood in the 1941 New Years Honours List and was appointed Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1953. He held honorary degrees from the universities of Aberdeen and Leeds and honorary fellowships of the Royal Academy of Music and Imperial College London.

In 1952 Dyson retired from the RCM. He moved to Winchester, and enjoyed what Foreman describes as "a remarkable Indian summer" of composition, although by this time his music seemed old-fashioned to some listeners. His late works were published and performed, but did not, according to Foreman, "have quite the immediate following" of the music from earlier in his career.

Dyson died at his home in Winchester on 28 September 1964, aged 81.

Music
Dyson said of himself as a composer, "My reputation is that of a good technician … not markedly original. I am familiar with modern idioms but they are outside the vocabulary of what I want to say". The music critic of The Times remarked that Dyson's works had a certain ambiguity, "due probably to the fact that great musical skill was allied, exceptionally, with an extrovert temperament." The same writer observed that although everything Dyson wrote was well made, he never developed a personal idiom, "nor engendered much emotional sap in his larger works".

Dyson's biographer Paul Spicer writes that of the composer's works only The Canterbury Pilgrims and two sets of evening canticles in D and F are performed with any frequency. Dyson himself chose to include the following works in his Who's Who entry: In Honour of the City, 1928; The Canterbury Pilgrims, 1931; St Paul's Voyage, 1933; The Blacksmiths, 1934; Nebuchadnezzar, 1935; Symphony, 1937; Quo Vadis, 1939; Violin Concerto, 1942; Concerto da Camera and Concerto da Chiesa for Strings, 1949; Concerto Leggiero for Piano and Strings, 1951; Sweet Thames Run Softly, 1954; Agincourt, 1955; Hierusalem, 1956; Let's go a-Maying, 1958; and A Christmas Garland, 1959.

In addition to those mentioned by the composer, the Dyson Trust lists the following compositions as available as at 2017: A Spring Garland, Children's Suite for orchestra, Evening Service in C Minor, Evening Service in D, Morning Service in D, Prelude, Fantasy and Chaconne for cello and orchestra, Te Deum Laudamus, and Three Rhapsodies for string quartet. The Trust has published a full list of works, totalling nine orchestral works, seven chamber works, thirteen pieces or sets of pieces for piano, four solo organ pieces, twenty works for chorus and orchestra, seventy-nine works for chorus with piano, or organ or unaccompanied, five hymns, six songs, and thirteen lost or destroyed works from the composer's early career. In 2014, to mark the 50th anniversary of Dyson's death, Ben Costello produced an arrangement of In Honour of the City for two pianos and percussion.

Legacy
Foreman writes that a revival of Dyson's music was started by Christopher Palmer, who published George Dyson: a Centenary Appreciation (1984) and Dyson's Delight (1989), a selection of Dyson's uncollected articles and talks on music, and also promoted the first modern recordings of Dyson's music. The Sir George Dyson Trust was established in 1998, with the declared aim of advancing public education in the understanding and appreciation of Dyson's music, and making available his manuscripts, writings, scores, drafts and memoranda for the encouragement of the study of his work. Late Freeman Dyson was also a champion of his father's music.

Books by Dyson

 * Grenade Warfare: Notes on the Training and Organisation of Grenadiers (1915)
 * The New Music (1924)
 * The Progress of Music (1932)
 * Fiddling While Rome Burns (1954)

title: George Dyson (composer)


text: User talk:84.67.136.43

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:84.67.136.43


text:
FIP

FIP or fip may refer to:

Government and politics

 * Federal Identity Program, of the government of Canada
 * Forestry Incentive Program, of the United States Department of Agriculture
 * FTC Fair Information Practice, guidelines promulgated by the United States Federal Trade Commission

Sport

 * Federation of International Polo, worldwide governing body for polo
 * Federazione Italiana Pallacanestro (Italian Basketball Federation), Italian sports body
 * Fielding Independent Pitching, an advanced baseball statistic
 * Full Impact Pro, an American professional wrestling promotion
 * Federación Internacional de Pádel (International Padel Federation), the international governing body for padel

Other uses

 * FIP (radio station), a French radio station
 * Factory Instrumentation Protocol, a standardized field bus protocol
 * Fédération Internationale de Philatélie, the international philatelic organisation
 * Federation of Indian Photography
 * Feed-in premium, a policy mechanism to support renewable energy
 * Female iron pipe, a plumbing pipe connection to an MIP (male iron pipe); see national pipe thread, American standards on pipe fittings
 * Feline infectious peritonitis, a fatal disease in cats
 * Financial Intelligence & Processing, a consulting firm
 * Finite intersection property, in topology
 * Fire Island Pines, New York, United States
 * First Independent Pictures, an American motion picture distributor
 * Fipa language, a Bantu language of Tanzania
 * International Pharmaceutical Federation (French: Fédération Internationale Pharmaceutique)
 * Fire Indicator Panel, on a Fire alarm control panel

title: FIP


text:
I Kissed Dating Goodbye

I Kissed Dating Goodbye is a 1997 book by Joshua Harris. The book focuses on Harris' disenchantment with the contemporary secular dating scene, and offers ideas for improvement, alternative dating/courting practices, and a view that singleness need not be a burden nor characterized by what Harris describes as "selfishness".

By the late 2010s, Harris reconsidered his view that dating should be avoided, apologizing to those whose lives were negatively impacted by the book and directing the book's publisher to discontinue its publication.

Overview
In I Kissed Dating Goodbye, Harris popularized the concept of "courting" as an alternative to mainstream dating. In so doing, he raised discussion regarding the appropriateness of his proposed solutions, as well as the foundations on which he based his reasoning.

According to Harris, people in dating relationships put up a façade in an attempt to appear to be what the other person wants, thus hampering the "getting to know you" part of dating. Harris said that it is more appropriate and healthier in the long run to participate in "group dates" in order to truly understand the way a particular person interacts with others; in a group setting, a person is less likely to be able to maintain a façade. Harris proposed a system of courtship that involved the parents of both parties to a greater degree than is usual in conventional dating. In an interview with Family Christian Stores, Harris indicated that "people have taken the message of I Kissed Dating Goodbye and made it something legalistic – a set of rules. That's something that's beyond my control, and it's disappointing at times..."

On November 20, 2005, Harris gave a sermon entitled "Courtship, Schmourtship: What Really Matters in Relationships". In it, Harris encouraged single adults in his church to form friendships.

Critique
The book has been cited as an example of belief in "benevolent sexism" and "women as property" as well as promoting "rape supportive messaging" and "sexual purity teachings" that emphasize a "hierarchical father-daughter relationship" and reduces the agency of adolescent girls.

Other commentators have pointed to IKDG as an example of messaging addressed to conservative Christians that would make them less likely to engage in online dating. Yet others have suggested that the book promoted "condemnation and shame" among young women in the True Love Waits movement. The book has been characterized as portraying ideal young Christian women as "sexually passive, emotional, and patient" and discouraging young Christian men from forming relationships with women.

Christian psychologists Henry Cloud and John Townsend suggest that avoiding dating in order to avoid suffering, as Harris advises, causes those who do so to forgo opportunities to mature, especially through learning how to create healthy boundaries.

Retraction and apology by author
In 2016, Harris appeared to be reconsidering the claims that he had made in the book and apologized to several who publicly communicated how the book had influenced them to stay single or had been used by adults to impose stringent rules on them.

During a 2017 TED talk, Harris said his greatest regret about the book was him transferring his fears into the book. He said: "Fear is never a good motive. Fear of messing up, fear of getting your heart broken, fear of hurting somebody else, fear of sex... There are clear things in statements in Scripture about our sexuality being expressed within the covenant of marriage. But that doesn't mean that dating is somehow wrong or a certain way of dating is the only way to do things. I think that's where people get into danger. We have God's word, but then it's so easy to add all this other stuff to protect people, to control people, to make sure that you don't get anywhere near that place where you could go off course. And I think that's where the problems arise."

In 2018, faith-based film company Exploration Films teamed with Harris to release a documentary entitled I Survived I Kissed Dating Goodbye. That same year, Harris stated that he reconsidered his view that dating should be avoided, apologizing to those whose lives were negatively impacted by the book and directing the book's publisher to discontinue its publication.

In July 2019, Harris announced on Instagram that he and his wife, Shannon, were separating due to "significant changes [that] have taken place in both of us". Later that month, Harris announced that he was no longer a Christian. In August, Exploration Films announced they would halt distribution of I Survived, citing a lack of transparency from Harris after working with him for months. The company returned the rights back to director Jessica van der Wyngaard.

title: I Kissed Dating Goodbye


text:
Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp

Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp (30 October 1817 – 20 February 1892), German chemist, was born at Hanau, where his father, Johann Heinrich Kopp (1777–1858), a physician, was professor of chemistry, physics and natural history at the local lyceum.

After attending the gymnasium of his native town, he studied at Marburg and Heidelberg, and then, attracted by the fame of Liebig, went in 1839 to Gießen, where he became a privatdozent in 1841, and professor of chemistry twelve years later. In 1864 he was called to Heidelberg in the same capacity, and he remained there until his death.

Kopp devoted himself especially to physico-chemical inquiries, and in the history of chemical theory his name is associated with several of the most important correlations of the physical properties of substances with their chemical constitution. Much of his work was concerned with specific volumes, the conception of which he set forth in a paper published when he was only twenty-two years of age; and the principles he established have formed the basis of subsequent investigations in that subject, although his results have in some cases undergone modification.

Another question to which he gave much attention was the connection of the boiling point of compounds, organic ones in particular, with their composition. In addition to these and other laborious researches, Kopp was a prolific writer. In 1843–1847 he published a comprehensive History of Chemistry, in four volumes, to which three supplements were added in 1869–1875. The Development of Chemistry in Recent Times appeared in 1871–1874, and in 1886 he published a work in two volumes on Alchemy in Ancient and Modern Times.

Kopp, in studying heat capacities, found "that the molecular heat capacity of a solid compound is the sum of the atomic heat capacities of the elements composing it; the elements having atomic heat capacities lower than those required by the law of Dulong and Petit retain these lower values in their compounds."

In addition, Kopp wrote (1863) on theoretical and physical chemistry for the Graham-Otto Lehrbuch der Chemie, and for many years assisted Liebig in editing the Annalen der Chemie and the Jahresbericht.

He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1882.

Works

 * Beiträge zur Geschichte der Chemie . Vol. 1&2 . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1869 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * Ansichten über die Aufgabe der Chemie und über die Grundbestandtheile der Körper bei den bedeutenden Chemikern von Geber bis G. E. Stahl : die Entdeckung der Zusammensetzung des Wassers . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1875 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * Die Alchemie in älterer und neuerer Zeit : ein Beitrag zur Culturgeschichte . Vol. 1&2 . Winter, Heidelberg 1886 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

title: Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp


text:
Njabulo Ndebele

Njabulo Simakahle Ndebele is an academic and  writer of fiction who is the former vice-chancellor and principal of the University of Cape Town (UCT). On 16 November 2012 he was inaugurated as the chancellor of the  University of Johannesburg.

he is the chairman of the Nelson Mandela Foundation.

Life and career
Ndebele's father was Nimrod Njabulo Ndebele and his mother was Makhosazana Regina Tshabangu. He married Mpho Kathleen Malebo on 30 July 1971. They have one son and two daughters. Ndebele was awarded a Bachelor of Arts in English and philosophy by the University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland in 1973; a Master of Arts in English literature by the University of Cambridge in 1975; and a Doctor of Philosophy in creative writing by the University of Denver in 1983. He also studied at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, where he was the first recipient of the South African Bursary.

Njabulo Ndebele was vice-chancellor and principal at the University of Cape Town from July 2000 to June 2008, following tenure as a scholar in residence at the Ford Foundation’s headquarters in New York. He joined the foundation in September 1998, immediately after a five-year term of office as vice-chancellor and principal of the University of the North in Sovenga, in the then Northern Province. Previously he served as vice-rector of the University of the Western Cape. Earlier positions include chair of the Department of African Literature at the University of the Witwatersrand; and pro-vice-chancellor, Dean, and head of the English department at the National University of Lesotho.

An established novelist, Ndebele published The Cry of Winnie Mandela in 2004 to critical acclaim. An earlier publication Fools and Other Stories won the Noma Award, Africa's highest literary award for the best book published in Africa in 1984. His highly influential essays on South African literature and culture were published in a collection Rediscovery of the Ordinary.

Ndebele served as president of the Congress of South African Writers for many years. As a public figure he is known for his incisive insights in commentaries on a range of public issues in South Africa.

Ndebele is also a key figure in South African higher education. He has served as chair of the South African Universities Vice-Chancellors Association from 2002 to 2005, and served on the executive board of the Association of African Universities since 2001. He has done public service in South Africa in the areas of broadcasting policy, school curriculum in history, and more recently as chair of a government commission on the development and use of African languages as media of instruction in South African higher education. He served as president of the AAU from 2005 to 2009 and was chair of the Southern African Regional Universities Association. He is also a fellow of UCT.

He holds honorary doctorates from universities in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Japan, South Africa and the United States. The University of Cambridge awarded him an honorary doctorate in law in 2006, and he was made an honorary fellow of Churchill College in 2007. In 2008 the University of Michigan awarded him another honorary doctorate in law.

Works

 * Fine Lines from the Box: Further Thoughts About Our Country, 2007
 * The Cry of Winnie Mandela, Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2004
 * "Africans must treasure their literature", The Independent, 30 July 2002
 * Umpropheti/The Prophetess, 1999
 * Death of a Son, 1996
 * Bonolo and the Peach Tree, 1994
 * Sarah, Rings, and I, 1993
 * Rediscovery of the Ordinary: Essays on South African Literature and Culture, 1991, reissued 2006
 * Fools and Other Stories, Ravan Press, 1983, reissued 2006

Njabulo Ndebele also contributed to Chimurenga magazine.

title: Njabulo Ndebele


text:
Talk:Ronnie Spector

Back Royalties
Didn't she and/or the Ronnettes sue Phil for back royalties? If so this info sould be added.

Yes she succesfully sued, a case that took a couple of decades to wind it's way through the courts, and through a total of 17 appeals. Badgirlrock (talk) 22:55, 30 August 2010 (UTC)GSP o/b/o Ronnie Spector

Siren
Is there someone who actuall has this album and can read aloud the year of its publication? Whereas Genya Ravan writes in her book: 1982, I found several 1980s, including one that claims, that two of the tracks were recorded in 1981(!). If you deem this important enough, also go to Genya Ravan and correct me (along with the rest of my bad English).

(Thank You)--Psycho Chicken 14:24, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Holy Moly!!
Please, can we have a different photo? This one is really awful. -andy 92.229.166.34 (talk) 03:10, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Definitely second this. --RaygunShaun (talk) 20:19, 4 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Wow - Came here just for that reason - PLEASE ditch that nasty pic! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.48.76.59 (talk) 12:41, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

holy shit
could you possibly have picked an uglier photo of Ronnie; she is a beautiful woman but what the fuck is this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.151.48.54 (talk) 12:37, May 17, 2013 (UTC)

"simular named" ?
the disambiguation link at the top is so bizarre that I'm afraid to change it - is "simular" a new word based on "simulate" or is this just a very un-wikipedialike error? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kevintimba (talk • contribs) 21:11, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:21, 10 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Portrait of Ronnie Spector in NYC in December of 2018.jpg

Spector
This article is a little confusing because "Spector" refers sometimes to Ronnie and sometimes to Phil. I suggest that all references to Phil be changed to "Phil Spector" (or "Phil" where needed for brevity). -- HLachman (talk) 17:54, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 January 2021
I felt it was a fair request that a new picture of Ronnie Spector is used as her primary photo that doesn't look like she's trying to hide her blackness. This is tacky and I think many people would appreciate this revision. 2603:6010:8845:5900:2874:6E5E:ECF1:F829 (talk) 06:03, 22 January 2021 (UTC)
 * ❌. Probably due to the lighting. All images of Spector on Commons are not recent or not in color, so this is the best one we have right now. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 09:00, 22 January 2021 (UTC)
 * There are other photos in the article that show her "blackness". Sigh. But as stated, she was a mix of African-American–Cherokee and Irish–American.  Wylie pedia  @ 22:50, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Name consistency
I just want to point out that the article is inconsistent with names. It uses both "Bennett" and "Spector" to refer to Ronnie (or is it Veronica, i don't know). Lead uses Bennet, Early Life starts with Spector, Spector is used even after her name changed to Greenfield, etc. I'm not familiar with the Wikipedia alphabet soup policy to help determine which to use, but it should probably be a little more consistent. TarkusAB talk / contrib 06:17, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Should probably be "Ronnie" the whole way through. ili (talk) 10:30, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Per MOS:SAMESURNAME we only use "Ronnie" when it's not clear which Spector we're talking about. GA-RT-22 (talk) 19:34, 18 January 2022 (UTC)
 * In several sentences, you have left "Spector" and "Phil" in the same sentence. Why should "Phil" not be called "Spector"?  Or - better, and far more clearly to readers - we should use "Ronnie" and "Phil".   Even later in her career, the name "Spector" when referring to her could easily be misinterpreted.  It suggests to me that we are hiding behind general guidelines, when a more common sense approach of using "Ronnie" and "Phil" would be far less confusing.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 19:51, 18 January 2022 (UTC)
 * This article is on Ronnie Spector, so between her and Phil Spector she should be prioritized as being referred to as Spector. It should be easy to distinguish which Spector is being referred to in the context of the sentence and pronouns.Twixister (talk) 03:56, 19 January 2022 (UTC)
 * About the different surnames, it is common in articles that the subject is referred to different names depending on the period of their life. Bennett is used prior to her marriage to Phil Spector. After they married she was referred to as Spector, even after she divorced him (and later remarried) she used that as her stage name.Twixister (talk) 04:11, 19 January 2022 (UTC)
 * If you want to disregard the MOS, the polite thing to do is discuss it on the talk page rather than re-applying an edit that's already been reverted once. GA-RT-22 (talk) 05:08, 19 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The guidance says: "To distinguish between people with the same surname in the same article or page, use given names or complete names to refer to each of the people upon first mention. For subsequent uses, refer to them by their given names for clarity and brevity. When referring to the person who is the subject of the article, use just the surname unless the reference is part of a list of family members or if use of the surname alone will be confusing." The problem here is that we seem to disagree over what will be "confusing" to readers.  In one paragraph we say that "Bennett and Phil Spector began having an affair...   She was allowed to call Spector.... ", and then in the very next paragraph: "Spector revealed.. that following their marriage, Phil subjected her...".  Now, that technically meets our guidance, in that between those two references Ronnie [Bennett] took the name Spector.  However, it still jars - the word "Spector" in one paragraph refers to a different person than "Spector" in the opening sentence of the very next paragraph. To many readers it will appear incongruous and confusing, and we need to avoid language that appears incongruous and confusing.  It requires readers to be aware of our own internal guidance, which obviously is not the case for many readers.  So, it would be better to make more use of "Ronnie" and "Phil" where there would be a risk of confusion.  It may be an occasion where WP:IAR applies on common sense grounds, or for further discussion in a wider forum.  Incidentally, I only reverted 's edit once, and raised the point here.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 08:48, 19 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree. With two famous Spector's frequenting the article, we should use "Ronnie" and "Phil" (rather than Spector) to avoid confusion. WWGB (talk) 10:57, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

Please stop edit warring over this. It's disruptive. GA-RT-22 (talk) 08:19, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I am not "edit warring". You did not respond to my previous post, explaining the issue.  I have now clarified the text for readers.  If you wish to pursue this, there are other forums where that can be done.  Thanks. Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:34, 21 January 2022 (UTC)  PS: I've asked for input at WT:MOSBIO. Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:51, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

RR HoF
I think this paragraph is misleading:

 * Despite objections from Phil Spector, who was awaiting trial for murder, the Ronettes were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2007.

That makes it sound like Phil voiced his objections in 2007, while he was awaiting trial. He did not. He sent his letter in 1994. GA-RT-22 (talk) 13:48, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ronnie Spector


text:
The Tingler

The Tingler is a 1959 American horror film produced and directed by William Castle. It is the third of five collaborations between Castle and writer Robb White, and starring Vincent Price.

The film tells the story of a scientist who discovers a parasite in human beings, called a "tingler", which feeds on fear. The creature earned its name by making the spine of its host "tingle" when the host is frightened. In line with other Castle horror films, including Macabre (1958) and House on Haunted Hill (1959), Castle used gimmicks to sell the film. The Tingler remains most well known for a gimmick called "Percepto!", a vibrating device, in some of the theater chairs, which the onscreen action activated.

Released in the United States on July 19, 1959, The Tingler received mixed reviews, but has since gone through some critical reevaluation and is now considered a camp cult film.

A sequel novel, The Tingler Unleashed (ISBN 979-8988682349), written by Gary J. Rose, was published in August 2023 as "a contemporary reimagining that pays homage to the 1959 cinematic masterpiece by William Castle", taking place and continuing the events of the original film fifty years later; an unabridged audiobook recording of the novel was released on October 16, 2023.

Plot
A pathologist, Dr. Warren Chapin, discovers that the tingling of the spine in states of extreme fear is due to the growth of a creature that every human being seems to have, called a "tingler," a parasite attached to the human spine. It curls up, feeds, and grows stronger when its host is afraid, effectively crushing the person's spine if curled up long enough. The host can weaken the creature and stop its curling by screaming. Movie theater owner Oliver Higgins, who shows exclusively silent films, is an acquaintance of Dr. Chapin. Higgins' wife, Martha, is deaf and mute and therefore cannot scream. She dies of fright after weird, apparently supernatural events appear in her room. During her autopsy, Chapin removes a tingler from her spine.

After they contain the tingler and return to Higgins' house, it is revealed that Higgins is the murderer; he frightened his wife to death, knowing that she could not scream because she was mute. The centipede-like creature eventually breaks free from the container that held it and is released into Higgins' theater. The tingler latches onto a woman's leg, and she screams until it releases its grip. Chapin controls the situation by shutting off the lights and telling everyone in the theater to scream. When the tingler has left the showing room, they resume the movie and go to the projection room, where they find the tingler and capture it.

Guessing that the only way to neutralize the tingler is to reinsert it inside Martha's body, Chapin does so. After he leaves, Higgins, who has admitted his guilt to Chapin, is alone in the room. As if by supernatural forces, the door slams shut and locks itself, and the window closes, echoing what happened just before Martha was frightened to death. The tingler causes the body of Martha to rise from the bed, staring at her husband. Higgins is so terrified that he is unable to scream. The screen fades, and Dr. Chapin's voice says, "Ladies and gentlemen, just a word of warning. If any of you are not convinced that you have a tingler of your own, the next time you are frightened in the dark... don't scream."

Film prologue
In a similar manner as Universal's Frankenstein (1931), Castle opened the film with an on-screen warning to the audience: "I am William Castle, the director of the motion picture you are about to see. I feel obligated to warn you that some of the sensations—some of the physical reactions which the actors on the screen will feel—will also be experienced, for the first time in motion picture history, by certain members of this audience. I say 'certain members' because some people are more sensitive to these mysterious electronic impulses than others. These unfortunate, sensitive people will at times feel a strange, tingling sensation; other people will feel it less strongly. But don't be alarmed—you can protect yourself. At any time you are conscious of a tingling sensation, you may obtain immediate relief by screaming. Don't be embarrassed about opening your mouth and letting rip with all you've got, because the person in the seat right next to you will probably be screaming too. And remember this—a scream at the right time may save your life."

Cast

 * Vincent Price as Dr. Warren Chapin
 * Judith Evelyn as Mrs. Martha Ryerson Higgins
 * Darryl Hickman as Dave Morris
 * Patricia Cutts as Isabel Stevens Chapin
 * Pamela Lincoln as Lucy Stevens
 * Philip Coolidge as Oliver 'Ollie' Higgins

Production
After the financial success of House on Haunted Hill, Castle moved his independent production unit from Allied Artists to Columbia to produce The Tingler. Price was on board again, with Hickman playing his assistant and newcomer Lincoln playing his sister-in-law. Cutts played Price's unfaithful wife Isabel. The Tingler was Price's second and final film with Castle and the fifth performance that would ultimately brand him as "The Master of Menace".

Castle convinced Hickman, who was Lincoln's real-life fiancé, to join the cast as her fiancé in the film. At first Hickman declined, but agreed after Castle convinced him it would help Lincoln's career. According to Hickman, Castle did such a good job of convincing him it would help Lincoln that he worked for no salary. Hickman, who was 5'10", was required to wear lifts for the scenes with 6'4" Vincent Price to offset the disparity of their heights.

Evelyn was hired at the request of Price, who had worked with her on Broadway. She also received attention in another prominent "non-speaking role" as the suicidal "Miss Lonelyhearts" in Hitchcock's Rear Window (1954). Dal McKennon, the projectionist (uncredited in the film), had a successful career as the voice of many screen and TV characters, including "Buzz Buzzard" in the Woody Woodpecker cartoons and "Gumby" in the TV clay animation series. Jack Dusick, make-up artist for The Tingler, was the father of singer/actress Michele Lee.

White, the story author, was partly inspired by his encounter with a centipede while living in the British Virgin Islands.

White had experimented with LSD at UCLA after hearing about it from Aldous Huxley and decided to work it into the script. It is the first depiction of LSD use in a major motion picture. At the time, the drug was legal. The title of the book that Vincent Price's character reads before taking LSD—Fright Effects Induced by Injection of Lysergic Acid LSD25—is printed on the back of the book, not the front. This was done for a better shot of the expositional title of the book, explaining the effects of LSD to the audience.

Location shots were filmed at the Columbia Ranch in Burbank, California.

The movie playing in the theater when the tingler escapes was the 1921 silent film Tol'able David.

Analysis
A subplot of the film involves the fates of a movie theater specializing in silent films and its owners. According to Kevin Heffernan, this reflects the conditions of the movie theater industry in the late 1950s. There were many discount theaters trying to establish their own market niche by showing older films. For the owners of these small theaters, it was a thankless and poorly paid job, as described in the trade journals of this period. When Ollie describes at length the work load involved in cleaning the building, he echoes real-life complaints. This provides the motive for his murder, as he is trying to escape a hopeless life.

Another subplot involves dysfunctional married lives. Most prominent is that of Warren to Isabelle, who is clearly unfaithful to him. She stays out until the early hours of the morning and is seen giving her lover a farewell kiss. In another scene, Warren enters through the front door of his house and hears the back door slam. He then discovers two used glasses of wine and a forgotten tie clip. In an argument between them, she does not deny her unfaithfulness, but counters by accusing her husband of neglecting her. While spending so many hours in his laboratory, he has lost contact with living people, leaving her no choice but to seek human affection elsewhere. The marriage of Ollie and Martha is also an unhappy one. He claims that Martha would have killed him if she could.

Martha is depicted as a woman with a whole range of obsessive and phobic traits. Tim Lucas has described her as a silent film character in a sound film. The idea of a terrified, mute woman was not fully original. According to Heffernan, it was probably inspired by The Spiral Staircase (1946).

The scene with the LSD trip offers a display of "stylized and exaggerated performance". The eyes of Warren shift from side to side, gazing suspiciously at his environment, while describing feelings of unease and apprehension. He loosens his tie, when he thinks himself unable to breathe. He opens a window while insisting that it is nailed shut. He sees a hanging skeleton as a moving figure, and describes the walls of the room as closing in on him. Finally he visibly struggles with the urge to scream, and succumbs to it.

Gimmicks
William Castle was known for his movie gimmicks, and The Tingler featured one of his best: "Percepto!". Previously, he had offered a $1,000 life insurance policy against "Death by Fright" for Macabre (1958) and sent a skeleton flying above the audiences' heads in the auditorium in House on Haunted Hill (1959). The gimmicks for The Tingler increased the film's cost from $400,000 to $1 million.

Percepto: "Scream for your lives!"
"Percepto!" was a gimmick where Castle attached electrical "buzzers" to the underside of some seats in theaters where The Tingler was screened to provide "tingling" sensations during certain scenes. The buzzers were small surplus airplane wing deicing motors left from World War II. The cost of this equipment added $250,000 to the film's budget. It was used predominantly in larger theaters. The prologue claimed some people might not be susceptible to the "tingling" to take account that not all seats were wired.

During the climax of the film, The Tingler was unleashed in the movie theater, while the audience watched a climactic fight scene in Tol'able David (1921). The film stops and, in some real-life theaters, the house lights came on, a woman screamed and pretended to faint and was then taken away in a stretcher; all part of the show arranged by Castle. From the screen, the voice of Price mentioned the fainted lady and asked the rest of the audience to remain seated. The film-within-a-film resumed and was interrupted again. The projected film appeared to break as the silhouette of the tingler moved across the projection beam. The image of the film went dark, all lights in the auditorium (except fire exit signs) went off, and Price's voice warned the audience, "Ladies and gentlemen, please do not panic. But scream! Scream for your lives! The tingler is loose in this theater!" This cued the theater projectionist to activate the Percepto! buzzers, giving some audience members an unexpected jolt, followed by a highly visible physical reaction. The voices of scared patrons were heard from the screen, replaced by the voice of Price, who explained that the tingler was paralyzed and the danger was over. At this point, the film resumed its normal format, which was used for its epilogue.

An alternate warning was recorded for drive-in theaters; this warning advised the audience the tingler was loose in the drive-in. Castle's voice was substituted for Price's in this version.

Castle's autobiography, Step Right Up!: I'm Gonna Scare the Pants off America, erroneously stated that "Percepto!" delivered electric shocks to the theater seats.

In the 1980 book The Golden Turkey Awards by Harry and Michael Medved, Percepto won the award for "The Most Inane and Unwelcome 'Technical Advance" in Hollywood History".

Two Joe Dante films contain scenes which reference the "Percepto!" gimmick: Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990) and Matinee (1993).

Fainting customers and medical assistance
To enhance the climax even more, Castle hired fake "screamers and fainters" planted in the audience. There were fake nurses stationed in the foyer and an ambulance outside of the theater. The "fainters" would be carried out on a gurney and whisked away in the ambulance, to return for the next showing.

"Bloody Bathtub" scene
Although The Tingler was filmed in black-and-white, a short color sequence was spliced into the film. It showed a sink (in black-and-white) with bright-red "blood" flowing from the taps and a black-and-white Evelyn watching a bloody red hand rising from a bathtub, likewise filled with the bright red "blood". Castle used color film for the effect. The scene was accomplished by painting the set white, black and gray and applying gray makeup to the actress to simulate monochrome.

Release
Test engagements started in Detroit on August 5, 1959, with further engagements in Boston, Baltimore and San Francisco.

Reception
Contemporary reviews of The Tingler were mixed. Shortly after the film's release, Howard Thompson of The New York Times said, "William Castle has been serving some of the worst, dullest little horror entries ever to snake into movie houses". In his August 1959 appraisal of the picture, "Ron." of Variety disagreed with Thompson, calling it "highly entertaining" and characterizing "Percepto" as "effective, not so much because of the 'tingle' but because it 'menacingly' moves closer and closer in waves and, coupled with a whirring noise and sound-track heartbeats and screams, puts the filmgoer in the midst of the horror."

In the decades after its initial release, the film has been praised by some other reviewers for its sheer camp qualities. In 1999, Harvey O'Brien of Harvey's Movie Review commended the production despite "all its flaws", adding that "The Tingler is very watchable and has been put together with enough canniness to be enjoyable on its own terms". Also, while Time Out London in its 2005 review regarded the screenplay as "ingeniously ludicrous", Lyz Kingsley of And You Call Yourself a Scientist! pointed out in 2006 that "no film made before or after it quite matches it for its mix of the imaginative, the creepy, the funny, and the downright weird". Classic-Horror.com that same year complimented the horror tale as well, remarking that "the acting is fine, the direction is among Castle's best, and the script is semi-brilliant for the time".

Later, writing on behalf of Slant Magazine in 2009, Chuck Bowen said, "Ludicrousness aside, Tingler is still one of the more confident Castle pictures: a well paced, at times intentionally, funny parody of 1950s domestication, with every couple in the story trying to off one another for a variety of amusingly convoluted reasons. Think Burn After Reading with dime store production values and a plastic spinal cord at its center."

Dread Central called the film Castle's "magnum opus", while Nerdist singled out Price's performance, saying, "Vincent Price is typically great and as always commits himself fully to the proceedings, even if it’s utterly absurd."

Home media
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film on DVD for its 40th anniversary in 1999. The film was later included on the William Castle Film Collection DVD set, released on October 20, 2009.

Scream Factory (under Sony license) released a Blu-ray edition of the film in August 2018.

Shown on the MeTV show Svengoolie on October 15, 2022.

title: The Tingler


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Harry Potter: Book Seven

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. —Cryptic (talk) 18:45, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Harry Potter: Book Seven
If this book comes out, it wont be until 2007!
 * Keep - Combination of things that will probably happen in HP7, and will most likely become the entry on the book when it comes out.
 * Keep - There is no reason to NOT allow this to exist.
 * Keep - no copywrite violation in the whole article.
 * Keep - page is informative and contains information collected from statements made by the author
 * Delete - As Grand Theft Auto IV was deleted! - Agent003
 * Keep - Huge amounts of guesswork/original research once existed in the article but have since been removed almost entirely -- the article now contains much more definite information, taken by author statements. We'll eventually and gradually been given even more info (as in the past where we were gradually given even chapter titles, info about the level of the writing process, etc, etc) Aris Katsaris 15:25, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - as above. Anyway, Wikipedia is not a paper encyclopedia, so there is not an urgent need to conserve space. --bjwe Insert non-formatted text here bb 15:44, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Wikipedia has plenty of information on future events, like the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, and the 2012 London Olympics. Wikipedia even has pages for entire years that have not yet happened. Like Bjwebb pointed out, we're not runing out of paper here. Lovelac7 16:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, verifiable. —Cryptic (talk) 16:34, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, as above. We have London 2012 so why not Harry Potter 7? Plus, it has a huge fan following. 80.42.28.76 16:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Wikipedia has information on stuff like the year 2030, which is much farther away than 2007 Outofex1le
 * Responce to everyone who has so far voted 'Keep' - Grand Theft Auto 4 was deleted because it was a future event (to be bought out in 2007), now how is that different to here?!
 * I don't think GTA4 had a release date when it was first up - suggests that was first revealed for October 2006 yesterday (this is now a verifiable fact, so could perhaps be put in a new article). As for this book series, it's been announced I don't know how many times that it's gonna be seven books, and the facts in there are pretty verifiable, so Keep Sam Vimes 18:15, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep as it only contains verifiable facts. JiMternet 19:26, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The release of the Harry Potter book is as predictable as an astronomical event.  Hence Wikipedia is not a crystal ball does not apply.  You might notice that I have tweaked the crystal ball section slightly before posting.  However, I am merely reverting this edit, which was not discussed on the talk page. Superm401 | Talk 20:02, July 23, 2005 (UTC)(change back to original vote done by me. Superm401 | Talk 14:47, July 29, 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete. The article is now mainly a collection of lists of random Book Seven trivia.  None of the other editors of the page have any desire to change that.  As WP:NOT expounds, "Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information."  If are article can't be anything but a random jumble of facts, it shouldn't be there at all.  Furthermore, it is plainly bad style.  I urge people to check the current version of the article and reconsider their votes. (vote changed by me) Superm401 | Talk 21:38, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - My understanding of VfD is that a page should only be deleted if the title of the article is one for which no sutable article might be placed there. So per yoru original comments I think its worth keeping, even if in its current state the quality is left much to be desired.
 * Fair enough. My vote change was a bit impulsive. Superm401 | Talk 14:47, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

Dalf | Talk 05:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Superm401 and Aris Katsaris. Hermione1980 16:23, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this has been officially annouced, is a notable event, and the current article is reasonable at sticking to the known fact. The article was a mess of speculation when I checked some time ago, but has since been put into a reasonable shape with all the guesswork removed. Good work to whoever did it :). Thue | talk 21:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. As long as the article sticks with known facts, there's nothing wrong with it. -- KTC 22:09, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. A lot of people are working very hard to keep this free of the "crystal ball"-speculation that once plagued the article. This contains only verified facts. As such, I feel that the material here is appropriate for Wikipedia. --Deathphoenix 02:24, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There wasn't any way of taking these things down prematurely when the outcome was rather clear, now was there? --Kizor 11:53, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, for reasons described above. Andris 17:17, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, please keep! We all want it. Andris 17:17, July 24, 2005 (UTC) (Previous vote cast by 84.66.122.241. Hermione1980 18:21, 24 July 2005 (UTC))
 * Keep, speculation seems to be well documented. Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 19:26, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, More information will be coming soon Unsigned vote by 12.221.204.116
 * Keep, This will be a good place to put verifiable info pertaining to book 7. (Unsigned vote by 24.94.141.254) Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 00:50, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The information on this page seems to be accurate, and there is enough definite information for it to have a page.  There isn't really a reason not to have it. Kharmini91 02:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, As the vast majority of speculative material has been removed, and what is left mainly reports factual, verifiable author statements.
 * Keep, Until the book is released - Nevica 15:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Most of the rumours have been deleted. - User:Mozart2005 15:28, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Harry Potter. - The Time Killer
 * Keep. If someone looks up book 7 in wiki they will expect to find something more than the known definite facts, which they probably will know already (since they are few). They will expect this article also to contain reasonable analysis of what could (must) be in it, based on the other books so far, and further hints which will undoubtedly come along as the authors seek a bit of publicity. For example, Rowlings has already stated that it will contain more about Dumbledore, despite his just having been killed off.Sandpiper 16:36, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have no idea why Wikipedia is so full of people who fancy themselves janitors; we are not running out of paper, and this information is encyclopedic.67.180.40.190 21:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is not a crystal ball; the chances of this not happening are about as great as the US becoming a military dictatorship tomorrow, in which case we might as well VfD U.S. presidential election, 2008 again CanadianCaesar 23:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I can't believe this is even up for debate. Future events are notable as long as it will definitely happen. We know it will come out eventually. Keep the page as it is now. Add more information about its release as is received. Ryan 05:31, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but clean it up so its not just a list of trivia. There shoudl be at least a section in the article about the significance the book will have for the industry and not focuse exclusivly what is likely to be *IN* the book.  I bealieve that this article coudl actually be written entirely without significant refrence to what is likley to be in the book (though that woudl be a bit extream). Dalf | Talk 05:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--michael180 18:15, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs cleanup, not deletion. There is, at this point, enough factual information about this book to make a short article. Furthermore, the article's been around since before book 6, and it'll probably keep being recreated if it is deleted. I think it's far better to have a maintained article here than to have whatever stub someone's put up most recently. RSpeer 05:01, July 27, 2005 (UTC) (reposted 01:02, July 28, 2005 (UTC) after page was reverted)
 * Keep There's a lot of crazy speculation about yet-to-be-released Harry Potter books (or book, as there's only the one left now) on the net. This article, however, contains none of it.  It's all information that can be backed up in one way or another. Icarus 03:35, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep - it's good to help people while they wait in anticipation for this next book (unsigned comment by 69.192.247.105 Hansonc 16:49, July 28, 2005 (UTC))
 * Strong Keep - Already highly notable. And notability takes precedence over Crystalballery.  If we have an article on the 2020 Summer Olympics, I think we can make room for this! Sonic Mew | talk to me 22:15, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It looks interesting to me, despite being about a book not yet written. Kingal86 21:18, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Carioca 21:29, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Verified information. hansamurai 飯侍 (burp) 21:32, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Can we just consider this decision made, already? Hipocrite 18:13, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Superm401. --Wikiacc (talk) 18:45, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Fact is that this article definitely can evolve into good source of information. --Lmach 19:34, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Can we close this discussion already? Hermione1980 19:36, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Well, we should wait the whole five days.  But with such overwhelming consensus, I don't see a delete happening in that time. Sonic Mew | talk to me 19:58, July 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * This VfD has existed since the 23rd. It's now the 30th. Isn't that more than five days? Or is this one of those cases where it wasn't put on the main VfD page until a later date, and I'm not aware of it (which is possible!)? Hermione1980 20:03, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly valid subject, as the encyclopedic content of the article shows. Not perfect, sure. And considering the number of unsigned and/or IP votes (including the nomination itself), maybe we should just leave this open permanently as an excellent way of wasting the time of those who just want to waste everyone's time, so the rest of us can get on with writing an encyclopedia? (-> No, I guess not... Pity... Andrewa 20:35, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. Entire article is full of qualifiers like "if", "may", "might", "reportedly", and "suggest".  Predawn 06:57, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Facts will replace theory in due course 14:36, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Emil Kopp

Emil Kopp (3 March 1817 – 30 November 1875) was a French chemist.

Biography
Kopp was born on 3 March 1817 in Wasselonne. He became in 1847 a professor of toxicology and chemistry at the École supérieure de Pharmacie at Strasbourg. Because of his participation in the demonstration on "revolutionary day" 13 June 1849, he was forced to leave France, subsequently settling in Switzerland. In 1849 he became a professor of physics and chemistry at Lausanne, and in 1852 a chemist to a Turkey red factory near Manchester. In 1855 he was granted amnesty and returned to France. In 1868 he was named a professor of technology at Turin (Regio Museo Industriale italiano), and finally, in 1871, a professor of technical chemistry at the Federal Polytechnic Institute Zurich, today the ETH Zurich. He died in Zürich.

He conducted experiments with arsenic acid as a discharge agent and filed patents for the employment of arsenic and phosphoric acids in discharge printing of fabrics. In 1844 he reportedly was the first to discover red phosphorus; his findings taking place prior to Anton Schrötter's discovery of the substance during the following year.

With Pompejus Bolley, he published "Traité des matières colorantes artificielles dérivées du goudron de houille" (1874, "Treatise on artificial dyes derived from coal tar").

title: Emil Kopp


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/History of South America

History of South America

 * Nominated on 14:27:32, 2005-07-23 (UTC); needs 10 votes by August 6.

A continent with a very interesting common history, the text of this article is "The following is an outline of South American history, followed by a list of articles about the history of particular places in South America." ...directly followed by the list. Lots of room for improvement, in other words.

Support: Comments:
 * 1) Alarm 14:27:32, 2005-07-23 (UTC)
 * 2) Deryck C. 15:03, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Joolz 15:05, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) gren 02:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) EatAlbertaBeef 04:57, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) SimonP 23:24, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Darwinek 19:55, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Broad topics with many subtopics usually are rather successful COTWs. Like Ancient Rome was. gren 02:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
George Dyson (science historian)

George Dyson (born 26 March 1953) is an American non-fiction author and historian of technology whose publications broadly cover the evolution of technology in relation to the physical environment and the direction of society. He has written on a wide range of topics, including the history of computing, the development of algorithms and intelligence, communications systems, space exploration, and the design of watercraft.

Early life and education
Dyson's early life is described in Kenneth Brower's book The Starship and the Canoe. When he was sixteen he went to live in British Columbia to pursue his interest in kayaking.

From 1972 to 1975, he lived in a treehouse at a height of 30 metres that he built from salvaged materials on the shore of Burrard Inlet. Dyson became a Canadian citizen and spent 20 years in British Columbia, designing kayaks, researching historic voyages and native peoples, and exploring the Inside Passage. He was, during this period, estranged from his father for some time.

Career
Dyson's first book, Baidarka, published in 1986, described his research on the history of the Aleutian kayak, its evolution in the hands of Russian fur traders, and his adaptation of its design to modern materials. He is the author of Project Orion: The Atomic Spaceship 1957–1965 and Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence, in which he expands upon the premise of Samuel Butler's 1863 article of the same name and suggests that the Internet is a living, sentient being. His 2012 book Turing's Cathedral has been described as "a creation myth of the digital universe." It was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times 2012 Book Prize in the science and technology category and was chosen by University of California Berkeley's annual "On the Same Page" program for the academic year 2013–14.

Dyson is the founder/owner of Dyson, Baidarka & Company, a designer of Aleut-style skin kayaks; he is credited with the revival of the baidarka style of kayak.

Dyson was a visiting lecturer and research associate at Western Washington University's Fairhaven College and was Director's Visitor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, in 2002–03. He is a frequent contributor to the Edge Foundation.

Turing's Cathedral
Turing's Cathedral is Dyson's fourth book. Though Alan Turing is in the title, the book focuses on John von Neumann and his 1946 attempt to build a computer at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study (known as the IAS machine, MANIAC I was the same machine later built at Los Alamos Laboratory). Dyson interviewed several people who knew von Neumann, including his father, Freeman Dyson. The book received mostly positive reviews. Brian E. Blank noted in his review "[e]xtensive biographical and institutional backgrounds", and concludes it with: It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that Turing's Cathedral is an idiosyncratic, undisciplined, crazy quilt of a book. The reviewer had no preconceived notions about the sort of book that might be authored by a man who once lived for three years in a treehouse 95 feet above the ground, but the eccentricities of Turing's Cathedral do not seem inconsistent with what might be imagined. And yet, for all its flaws, shortcomings, and waywardness, it is a book that amply rewards its readers.

Media appearances

 * To Mars by A-Bomb: The Secret History of Project Orion (BBC, 2003)
 * The Starship and the Canoe (1986)

Books

 * Baidarka the Kayak
 * Darwin Among the Machines
 * Project Orion: The Atomic Spaceship 1957–1965
 * Turing's Cathedral
 * Analogia: The Entangled Destinies of Nature, Human Beings and Machines

Personal life
George Dyson's parents were the theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson and mathematician Verena Huber-Dyson. He is the brother of technology analyst Esther Dyson, and the grandson of the British composer Sir George Dyson.

George Dyson and Ann Yow-Dyson have a daughter named Lauren. He lives and works in Bellingham, Washington.

title: George Dyson (science historian)


text:
Talk:Historical provinces of Finland

Importance of historical provinces?
I think the importance of these should be scaled down. It's a major annoyance every time I try to link to the article about the Finland Proper region I have to type the '(region)' there. Historical provinces are far less important in my opinion than current regions, if only for the fact that articles about current municipalities in those regions are easier to link there when the article actually has the same name as the region.

So I suggest adding (historical province) to the titles of the Finland Proper, Finnish Karelia, Ostrobothnia, Savonia, and Tavastia articles. Then moving the Finland Proper (region) article to Finland Proper, and for the rest writing articles that are not about any administrative regions but the actual areas that the names pertain to (because they are different). I might do that myself in a few days, if nobody objects. - ulayiti 14:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Still hoping nobody minds. - ulayiti (talk)  13:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Region /=/ province
Now there's a major issue that causes confusion, provinces of Finland, former provinces of Finland and regions of Finland. This article should be named Historical regions of Finland because the translation is region, maakunta landskap. Province would be lääni/län. So, a historical province could be Turku and Pori Province but not Finland Proper for example. All articles in this article should be named (historical region of Finland). --Pudeo⺮ 12:54, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Correct me if I'm wrong, but isn't 'Historical Provinces of Finland' an oxymoron since Finland was part of Sweden up until a certain point? Mhjelm

 * It depends on how you define the "historical provinces". If you refer to the actual historical administrative entities which evolved during the Middle Ages and were abolished in the 17th century, you are quite correct that the "historical provinces" are meaningful only in connection to the Sweden as a whole. However, the "historical provinces" are not only historical entities but remain an important mental construct which is still used for self-identification. This is the result of the fact that the provinces formed the basis of the nationes of the University of Helsinki, whose students played a pivotal role in the formulation of Finnish national identity. In addition, they were well featured in Maamme kirja by Zachris Topelius, the most important basic geography and history textbook of the Finnish primary schools for half a century. In his book, Topelius presented stereotypical characterizations of the Finnish "tribes" of different provinces. These stereotypes are still alive in the popular imagination (open, lively Karelians, slow, still Tavastians, hard-working, easily provoked Ostrobothnians). Thus, the historical provinces are much more important to the present-day culture as mental constructs than as actual historical entities. As mental constructs, they are Finnish, not common to Finland and Sweden. --MPorciusCato (talk) 15:38, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

Dialects
"The spread of dialects of Finnish language approximately follow their borders" I think this is wrong information. 81.17.197.132 (talk) 13:01, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Accuracy of Ostrobothnia?
I'm pretty sure that at the time of Swedish rule in Finland, Ostrobothnia wasn't as large as this article claims. I've also heard of some people saying that Kainuu and areas west and north of it are "historically" Kainuu. Can somebody help? –– ♫ Mara ♫ 21:05, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

Historical provinces of Sweden
The title ”Historical provinces of Finland” seems like an oxymoron, as the provinces (landskap) were of Sweden in what is today the borders of Finland, hundreds of years before the nation of Finland even existed. Calling the article ”Historical provinces in Finland”, would be more correct, but in its current form it suggests that these provinces were historically owned by the nation Finland, which they were not.

The article also states that they’re ”a legacy of the country’s (Finland) joint history with Sweden”, which is also factually incorrect, as Finland never was a nation before 1917, but the provinces rather were integral parts of Sweden just as any other Sweden provinces 78.69.118.151 (talk) 22:32, 8 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Historical provinces of Finland


text: User talk:83.157.147.31

title: User talk:83.157.147.31


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ToxicMercury

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 01:42, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

ToxicMercury
Band vanity. A group of 14-year-olds who possess "every ingredient to become a great metal band, despite only forming in 2004." Joyous (talk) 14:28, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity --Measure 14:36, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete classic band vanity. Good luck guys, but there are lots of bands in the world.  Friday 20:05, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 04:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.