text:
User talk:Kander

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Re: Welcome from Redwolf24
Redwolf24,

Thank you for the welcome :) It's greatly appreciated that someone notices you around here if you do some editing. I've read most of the links you gave me as part of my preparation.. the problem is each of them links to more and more officialish documents, generating a landslide-like effect of pages waiting to be read. At some point I decided to just jump in and see what would happen.

One issue I'm not entirely clear on: Is it appropriate to respond here (where you posted the original message), or should I do that on your talk page, so you get notified about it?

Thanks again, Kander 22:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Every user has a different policy. Some choose to respond on their own page all the time, some choose to respond on the other person's page. I often reply at my own page and then say Hey I Replied. :D Redwolf24 22:54, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Reptile
I saw your reptile article, looks like you did it right. To do a URL do this: Yahoo! Note the ONE square bracket pair and note the http://. It appears like this Yahoo! Redwolf24 00:46, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Copyright Images
Thanks for the heads up ... first time doing images. Previously I had talked to Ryan (the creator) and gotten permission from him, but I didn't realize that I had to put a note with the image. Could you check it to make sure it's setup right?

thanks again, --Arcidius 11:58, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

Hey this has become a moot point. Chad has resigned from the comic as artist. It's now being drawn by Lar deSouza. So I will be replacing both images in the next few days. When I get those up, I'll ask Ryan to release the images under the GFDL.

--Arcidius 14:25, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Mechelen
Hi. Your additions mention 14th and 15th century, but in the context it seems to me that 15th and 16th make more sense. Further, is "Mechel" a recognized designation? --Lambiam 03:29, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks !
Thanks For for that, I've been meaning to create articles for Silent Hill games for a while but thought someone else would but they didnt so did it myself. Thanks Empty2005 03:38, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Jay (slang)
Go ahead and put it in wikidictionary instead. Wahkeenah 23:42, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Re: RAID Diagrams
Sorry for the slow reply. The diagrams I made were produced with Paint.NET, although there are perhaps better tools for the task. User:Cburnett seems to have the right idea using Inkscape. I'm not sure I'll have time to create any more images in the near future, though if needed I am more than happy to provide the building-block pieces I used. It may be a better idea to simply offer Cburnett some encouragement. — Aluvus  t/ c  05:01, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Recordings in progress removed
I have removed your spoken article in progress status for Assassination due to it's inactivity, and others may want to give it a go. If you wish to continue work on this project, please re-submit. Thank you. Reason turns rancid (talk) 03:05, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:47, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:The Cube Still.png
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title: User talk:Kander


text:
River Crane

River Crane may refer to several places:

 * River Crane, London, a tributary of the River Thames, London, England
 * River Crane, Dorset, a river in Dorset, England

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: River Crane


text:
User talk:Zeth

Somedomain
Hello, I put Somedomain up for Proposed Deletion. Basically, the article needs sources; as of now, it tries to explain the behaviour without telling where these tricks come from. And even if it were sourced, I'm not sure if it would stand on its own; it's just one domain name hijacking / malware trick among many. I believe that if this could be sourced and it could be demonstrated to be somewhat remarkable, it could be discussed briefly in some related article. As it is, it's a bit weak. --wwwwolf (barks/growls) 18:06, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah kill it, we expected this to become a major exploit, but it did not, at least in the free world.Zeth 00:55, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Er thanks Zeth 21:46, 28 July 2005 (UTC) Zeth

A tag has been placed on ShowMeDo, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because it is an article about a certain website, blog, forum, or other web content that does not assert the importance or significance of that web location. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles, as well as notability guidelines for websites. Please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources which verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material, please affix the template  to the page, and put a note on Talk:ShowMeDo. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Thanks. DarkSaber2k 14:39, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This one's correct, I'm afraid; if it went to AfD, it would be deleted like a shot. It just doesn't come anywhere near meeting notability criteria — I'd have speedily deleted it if I'd seen it.  For explanarions, see Criteria for speedy deletion and Notability (web). --Mel Etitis  ( Talk ) 18:36, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Zeth


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stephen O'Brien (musician)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 20:07, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Stephen O'Brien (musician)
It's a non-notable vanity band article, Babajobu 22:47, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless article is fleshed out with references, notorious albums or something. Gtabary 22:50, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Hal (band), who are notable (have had top 40 singles and album). In fact, I believe they're longlisted for Mercury. RMoloney 00:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 08:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:List of Italian-American mobsters

Reversion
Taestell,
 * Regarding your recent edit, as many of the mobsters listed in the Italian-American mobsters category are contantly being added, several mobsters are presently not on the list. Although the list is periodlicly updated it also provides a more detailed listing then the present category describes. If you feel the page should be deleted, instead of redirecting it to a category, you should at least consult the original author before making major changes. MadMax 22:45, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Are Tony Cipriani and Matthew Giuffre, "Bat Jew" (1989-2006) appropriate contenders to be listed here. Is there a real Tony Cipriani as well as the videogame mobster. And as for Matthew Giuffre. A seventeen year old mobster who was killed this year. Do we have any sources for this. Unlikely but possible for the American mafia more likely to happen in the Sicilian mafia or 'Ndrangheta. Just clearing this up. --Alexbonaro 07:16, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am adding and have added a great number of mobsters (Italian-American ofcourse) to the list. Many of them not known to the general public but I am %100 sure of their existance at one stage or another. If you have any queries drop a message here or on my talk page rather then deleting them. Thankyou. --Alexbonaro 10:26, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Jan 2007 clean up in order
I just finished removong Italian-American from most of the articles. Now for this list. Should we have so many red links? What about nuking them until the article is created. Also, this list contains zero references?? Why am I not surprised. I guess we are going by the individuals wiki article? I removed Dan Marino and a few others.--Tom 20:10, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Nine-plus months later: This list appears to be the target of a lot of unwatched vandalism. I just reverted/undid four or five entries that either plainly were or strongly smelled of complete fabrication. And that was just from the last dozen or so edits. The list needs to be vetted from top to bottom. All the red links should go, unless there's a secondary article to link them to for verification, and all the blue links need to be checked to make sure they're actually organized-crime figures.-- Shelf Skewed  Talk  18:14, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Jan 2008 cleanup in order
any objections to moving all redlinked items that also lack a reference citation and place them in a section of this talk page. Being on the talk page, they can remain until/if they have WP articles of get references showing the people are actually Italian American and mobsters. I will do this anytime after Jan 26 if no one objects here. Thanks Hmains (talk) 05:56, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Heil mobsters! Siegel Heil!
The ethnical profiling of criminals (such as this article on Wikipedia) is more than suspect in europeans' eyes. List of jewish-mobsters is horrendous due to history, but this huge scroll of italian mobsters is also an abomination.

We should consider that this is EN. wikipedia.org, not US.wikipedia.org (that is general english language wikipedia as opposed to unitedstatesian wikipedia) and thus article modesty policies should apply here which are acceptable for all civilized cultures. The genetic profiling of people according to "race vs. criminality" assumptions is a huge taboo in Europe and elsewhere, even if it is commonplace in USA.

Please relocate this and similar articles to us.wikipedia.org, so they do not lead to blocking of en.wikipedia.org access in many countries which have racism-ban laws! Those who are interested in these kinds of lists will find them on us.wikipedia.org. 82.131.210.162 14:48, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * In the United States, as well as parts of Canada, organized crime has historically been based by ethnicity. The "Cosa Nostra" in particular are closed to non Italian-Americans (although Irish-Americans and others have been hired from time to time for freelance work such as contract killings and armed robbery). I'm not sure I understand your claim that this would consitute as "racism" given Italian-Americans belong to an ethnic group while Judaism is a religion (the Jewish-American mobster list also applying to ethnicity as seen on the related Jewish-American organized crime article). However, you are certainly free to make your comments known on Village pump. MadMax 19:10, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I totally agree with the User. This list is an abomination. Has it ever been proposed for scrapping — that is, removal from Wikipedia? In great disgust, GeorgeLouis (talk) 06:15, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
 * If an article proves that someone was Italian-American and a mobster, it belongs on this list. If these articles are accurate, I see no reason why a list of them is racist.  The burden is on all of us to produce articles that meet these standards. Rogermx (talk) 22:23, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

John Germanotta
John Germanotta has never had any involvement with the mafia. The inclusion of his name is an insult to a great man. I'd like to know what basis User:Alexbonaro has for including him. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Peshal (talk • contribs)
 * Firstly, which John Germanotta are you talking about? Then I can help you by responding adequately. Tell me about this John Germanotta of yours. Alexbonaro 05:00, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

This list represents information for ancestors! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.49.86.224 (talk) 18:20, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

People lacking WP artricles or references to justify being in this list
"JD" MUSANTE 1908-1969 James D. Musante does belong on A PERMANENT list. He was a bookie in West Chester,PA. James Darlington Musante operated his "business" out  of his WC barbershop. 1908-1969. Sandra D. Musante. Sandra_musante@hotmail.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.49.86.224 (talk) 17:14, 25 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Please see discussion under "BLP issue", below. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 15:41, 3 June 2013 (UTC)
 * (removed, see below - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 03:55, 16 June 2013 (UTC))

Hmains (talk) 17:58, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Inclusion criteria
I'm not sure why someone is trying to re-invent the wheel here. Wikipedia has clear guidelines for inclusion in lists. Our standard warning reads:
 * "Hello. Your recent edit appears to have added the name of a non-notable entity to a list that normally includes only notable entries. In general, a person or organization added to a list should have a pre-existing article before being added to most lists. If you wish to create such an article, please first confirm that the subject qualifies for a separate, stand-alone article according to Wikipedia's notability guideline. Thank you."

Basically, we have two types of lists: "complete" lists and everything else. A complete list would be one that is easily sourced and would be expected to be complete: We can easily find a reliable source that lists every mayor of New York City and it would be shocking if we left gaps (even if we don't have an article for each one). The "everything else" style would include anything that is either expected to be incomplete (no one would expect List of people from New York City to include every person from NYC). The broad consensus is that we do not include entries in such lists unless there is a Wikipedia article whose sources support the inclusion of that item in the list. So, for example, if you want to add Barbara Boxer to the NYC people list, you'll need to have a cite in her article supporting it. This particular list is somewhat between the cracks. We probably want to include every person above a certain level in the organization, but we might not have reliable sources for all of them. Further, we certainly won't be able to include living or possibly living people without rock solid sources. Further, our title here uses the vague term "mobster". While positions above a certain point are clear-cut inclusion cases, there are marginal cases. While numbers runners, bookies, corrupt cops, etc. are all certainly criminals involved in organized crime, would we necessarily call them "mobsters"? In any case, we have a few clear lines here. Notable "mobsters" -- however we define the term -- should have articles. Including those who do not have articles is dubious at best. Comments? - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 13:58, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

BLP issue
The section "People lacking WP artricles or references to justify being in this list", above, currently includes an extensive list of names. As there are no articles or sources discussing any of these people (who may or may not be living) and their supposed status as "mobsters", our policy on biographies of living people seems to indicate this should be deleted. Comments? - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 15:44, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Ronald Jerothe
When you click on Ronald Jerothe's name you are taken to the Gambino Family page. But he is not mentioned on that page. He is discussed on the page for Thomas DeSimone. So perhaps this is the page that should be linked. Or someone could create a Ronald Jerothe page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JoeDetweiler (talk • contribs) 10:33, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

Concerning Butterass
Sorry, but was there really a mobster called "Butterass" or is that vandalism? 72.24.192.171 (talk) 00:37, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

 * It was added in 2006, but the current George DeCicco page was created in 2008, with "Big Georgie" as the nickname. I've removed the nickname and added the date of death. Ttwaring (talk) 15:30, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Italian-American mobsters


text:
Ether lipid

In biochemistry, an ether lipid refers to any lipid in which the lipid "tail" group is attached to the glycerol backbone via an ether bond at any position. In contrast, conventional glycerophospholipids and triglycerides are triesters. Structural types include:

 * Ether phospholipids: phospholipids are known to have ether-linked "tails" instead of the usual ester linkage.
 * Ether on sn-1, ester on sn-2: "ether lipids" in the context of bacteria and eukaryotes refer to this class of lipids. Compared to the usual 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG), the sn-1 linkage is replaced with an ester bond.

Based on whether the sn-1 lipid is unsaturated next to the ether linkage, they can be further divided into alkenyl-acylphospholipids ("plasmenylphospholipid", 1-0-alk-1’-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol) and alkyl-acylphospholipids ("plasmanylphospholipid"). This class of lipids have important roles in human cell signaling and structure.

 * Ether on sn-2 and sn-3: this class with flipped chirality on the phosphate connection is called an "archaeal ether lipid". With few (if any) exceptions, it is only found among archaea. The part excluding the phoshphate group is known as archaeol.
 * Ether analogues of triglycerides: 1-alkyldiacyl-sn-glycerols (alkyldiacylglycerols) are found in significant proportions in marine animals.
 * Other ether lipids: a number of other lipids not belonging to any of the classes above contain the ether linkage. For example, seminolipid, a vital part of the testes and sperm cells, has a ether linkage.

The term "plasmalogen" can refer to any ether lipid with a vinyl ether linkage, i.e. ones with a carbon-carbon double bond next to the ether linkage. Without specification it generally refers to alkenyl-acylphospholipids, but "neutral plasmalogens" (alkenyldiacylglycerols) and "diplasmalogens" (dialkenylphospholipids) also exist. The prototypical plasmalogen is platelet-activating factor.

Biosynthesis
The formation of the ether bond in mammals requires two enzymes, dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT) and alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (ADAPS), that reside in the peroxisome. Accordingly, peroxisomal defects often lead to impairment of ether-lipid production.

Monoalkylglycerol ethers (MAGEs) are also generated from 2-acetyl MAGEs (precursors of PAF) by KIAA1363.

Structural
Plasmalogens as well as some 1-O-alkyl lipids are ubiquitous and sometimes major parts of the cell membranes in mammals. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of mammalian proteins generally consist of an 1-O-alkyl lipid.

Second messenger
Differences between the catabolism of ether glycerophospholipids by specific phospholipases enzymes might be involved in the generation of lipid second messenger systems such as prostaglandins and arachidonic acid that are important in signal transduction. Ether lipids can also act directly in cell signaling, as the platelet-activating factor is an ether lipid signaling molecule that is involved in leukocyte function in the mammalian immune system.

Antioxidant
Another possible function of the plasmalogen ether lipids is as antioxidants, as protective effects against oxidative stress have been demonstrated in cell culture and these lipids might therefore play a role in serum lipoprotein metabolism. This antioxidant activity comes from the enol ether double bond being targeted by a variety of reactive oxygen species.

Synthetic ether lipid analogs
Synthetic ether lipid analogs have cytostatic and cytotoxic properties, probably by disrupting membrane structure and acting as inhibitors of enzymes within signal transmission pathways, such as protein kinase C and phospholipase C.

A toxic ether lipid analogue miltefosine has recently been introduced as an oral treatment for the tropical disease leishmaniasis, which is caused by leishmania, a protozoal parasite with a particularly high ether lipid content in its membranes.

In archaea
The cell membrane of archaea consist mostly of ether phospholipids. These lipids have a flipped chirality compared to bacterial and eukaryotic membranes, a conundrum known as the "lipid divide". The "tail" groups are also not simply n-alkyl groups, but highly methylated chains made up of saturated isoprenoid units (e.g. phytanyl).

Among different groups of archaea, diverse modifications on the basic archaeol backbone have emerged.
 * The two tails can be linked together, forming a macrocyclic lipid.
 * Bipolar macrocyclic tetraether lipids (caldarchaeol), with two glycerol units connected by two C40 "tail" chains, form covalently linked 'bilayers'.
 * Some such covelant bilayers feature crosslinks between the two chains, giving an H-shaped molecule.
 * Crenarchaeol is a tetraether backbone with cyclopentane and cyclohexane rings on the cross-linked "tail"s.
 * Some lipids replace the glycerol backbone with four-carbon polyols (tetriols).

In bacteria
Ether phospholipids are major parts of the cell membrane in anaerobic bacteria. These lipids can be variously 1-O-alkyl, 2-O-alkyl, or 1,2-O-dialkyl. Some groups have, like archaea, evolved tetraether lipids.

In prokaryotes
Some ether lipids found in marine animals are S-batyl alcohol, S-chimyl alcohol, and S-selachyl alcohol.

title: Ether lipid


text:
Katie McGregor

Katie McGregor (born September 2, 1977) is an American runner who participates in track, cross country and the marathon.

High school
Born in Cleveland, McGregor attended Willoughby South High School in Willoughby, Ohio. She was the state champion of Ohio in the 3200-meter run with a time of 10:49.74 as a freshman (1992), and a state champion in the 1600-meter run with a time of 4:56.32 as a senior (1995).

College
McGregor continued running as a student-athlete at the University of Michigan in the fall of 1995, majoring in English and competing in both cross country and track.

Freshman year: 1995/1996
During her first season of cross country as a Wolverine, she was named Big Ten Freshman of the Year. She was the first freshman and first Wolverine to complete the course at the conference championship meet, helping her team to third-place finish behind the champion Wisconsin Badgers. In awful weather conditions at the NCAA District IV regional meet two weeks later, McGregor and her teammates were able to improve upon their performance at the Big Ten meet, with McGregor finishing in third-place and the Michigan team upsetting Wisconsin and winning the regional title outright. Their victory earned the team an automatic berth to the NCAA Women's Cross Country Championship. McGregor was the third Wolverine finisher in the championship (placing 39th overall), helping her team run to a seventh-place finish at the final meet.

Sophomore year: 1996/1997
McGregor's sophomore cross country season was somewhat disappointing, as both she and all but one of her Wolverine teammates missed qualifying for the NCAA championship meet.

Junior year: 1997/1998
During her junior cross country season in the fall of 1997, McGregor was named Big Ten Athlete of the Year after winning the individual title with a time of 17:14. She managed a second-place finish to teammate Elizabeth Kampfe in the NCAA District IV regional meet in mid-November, helping the Wolverines to clinch the runner-up spot and an automatic berth in the NCAA championship. A week later in the championship, McGregor earned All-America honors by running to a fourth-place finish in a time of 16:48. She was the first finisher for the Wolverines, leading the team to seventh-place in the meet overall.

During the indoor track season the following winter (1998), she won the two NCAA titles, one individually in the 3000-meter run with a time of 9:24.68, and another running the 1600-meter anchor leg in the distance medley relay, clocking a 4:38 split. During the outdoor track season, McGregor helped the Wolverines win the Big Ten championship by earning 14 points at the conference meet through a third-place finish in the 1500-meter run and a runner-up finish to Angie Kujak of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 5000-meter run. At the outdoor NCAA outdoor track and field championships in June, McGregor managed a runner-up finish to Amy Skieresz of the Arizona Wildcats in the 5000-meter run.

Senior year: 1998/1999
McGregor’s running success continued during her senior cross country season, when she won seven out of eight meets, including the Big Ten title in a time of 17:16, the Great Lakes Regional title in a time of 17:02.39, and the NCAA championship in a time of 16:47.21. For her efforts, McGregor was honored with the Honda Award, given to the nation’s top female cross country runner. During the 1999 outdoor track season, she won her final collegiate championship, winning the Big Ten title in the 5000-meter run with a time of 16:32.83. She later bested this time at the NCAA meet, earning All-American honors by taking third place in the race with a time of 16:15.75. For her achievements during her senior year, McGregor was named University of Michigan Female Athlete of the Year. During her time competing for Michigan, she was a three-time NCAA champion, eight-time NCAA All-American, and three-time Big Ten Conference champion.

Post-collegiate/professional
Following college, McGregor remained in Ann Arbor and continued training and competing under sponsorship from Adidas, transitioning from the shorter distance races to the 10000-meter run. In the spring of 2000, she achieved her first major post-collegiate victory, winning the 10000-meter run at the Stanford Invitational, setting a meet record with a time of 32:33.62. She competed in the event at the Olympic trials later that summer, but did not qualify to represent the U.S. team in Sydney, Australia. The following year, she moved to Minneapolis, and began training with Team Minnesota under sponsorship from Reebok.

Over the next few years, McGregor competed in variety of distance races, performing well, and continuing to improve upon her personal best times in several running events. Highlights during 2004 included a second-place finish at the U.S. Cross Country Championships (8000-meter distance), as well as personal bests in both the 5000-meter and 10000-meter runs prior to the Olympic Trials. At the Olympic Trials, she narrowly missed qualifying for the games in Athens, taking fourth place in the 10000-meter run. Despite finishing fourth, McGregor would have earned a spot on the Olympic team if she met the "A" standard of 31:45, but she finished with a time of 32:33.87. In regards to her performance she commented that "I was really angry, because I failed myself."

2005 saw her personal best times in all races continue to improve, culminating in a come-from-behind victory in the 10000-meter run at the U.S. Outdoor Championships in May. She competed in the event for the U.S. team at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, Finland in August 2005, taking fourteenth place overall as the top U.S. finisher, with a personal best time of 31:21.20.

Longer distance races
In the autumn of 2006, McGregor began exploring longer distance races, competing in the New York City Marathon and achieving a ninth-place finish with a time of 2:32:36 in her debut at this distance.

In the spring of 2007, McGregor won the USATF 25 km championship, completing the River Bank Run in a time of 1:25:53 nearly three minutes ahead of the rest of the field. As part of the U.S. team in the summer of 2007, McGregor once again competed in the 10000-meter run at the IAAF Championships in Osaka, Japan, finishing in thirteenth place overall as the third U.S. finisher. During the autumn, she was named to the U.S. team running in the IAAF World Road Running Championships in Udine, Italy. She set a personal best in this competition, taking twenty-seventh place in the half marathon with a time of 1:12:01.

Success continued for McGregor in early 2008, with a fourth-place finish at the U.S. Cross Country Championships in San Diego. This marked her sixth consecutive year as a member of the national cross country team, with whom she will compete at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Edinburgh in late March. At the U.S. Olympic Team Trials in June, McGregor again narrowly missed qualifying for the Olympics in the 10000-meter run. She competed well, but her time of 32:29.82 only earned her another fourth-place finish in the event at the Trials. Unlike the 2004 trials, this time McGregor had already met the "A" standard. Amy Yoder Begley made a furious charge at the end of the race, which met the standard and therefore qualified her for the team over McGregor. In response to this disappointing outcome, McGregor said: I felt like I failed myself in 2004. But this time I did what I needed to do, and Amy ran well. I tried to put a happy face on it. You don't want to be Debbie Downer and feel sorry for yourself. It's not like I'm the only person to finish fourth.

McGregor won USA 25 km Championships in May 2010 and then the USA 10-Mile Championships hosted at the Twin Cities Marathon in September, marking her sixth victory of the competition.

Personal
McGregor resides in suburban Minneapolis and ran for Team USA Minnesota until 2012. She enjoys reading literature by authors such as Sylvia Plath and Cormac McCarthy. McGregor is also a big fan of Frank Sinatra.

Achievements

 * 2009 USATF 10 km Third
 * 2007 USATF 25 km Champion
 * 2006 USATF 10 km Champion
 * 2005 USATF 10 km Champion
 * 2005 USATF Outdoor Champion (10000-meter run)
 * 2003–2008 U.S. World Cross Country team (8 km)
 * 1999 Honda Sports Award for cross country
 * 1999 Big Ten Conference Outdoor Track & Field Champion (5000-meter run)
 * 1998 NCAA Cross Country Champion
 * 1998 NCAA Indoor Track & Field Champion (3000-meter run, Distance Medley Relay)
 * 1998 Big Ten Conference Cross Country Champion
 * 1997 Big Ten Conference Cross Country Champion

title: Katie McGregor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Valfajr

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 21:08, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Valfajr
Delete, advertisement. FreplySpang (talk) 22:47, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Adv. indeed. Gtabary 23:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad for non-notable company. Dcarrano 16:25, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and clean up. bbx 19:19, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Valfajr


text:
George Smythe

George Smythe may refer to:

 * George Smythe, 7th Viscount Strangford (1818–1857), British politician
 * George Chichester Smythe (1843–1902), Irish Anglican priest
 * George W. Smythe (1899–1969), American general in the Battle of Jackson Heights

title: George Smythe


text:
Wikipedia:New contributors' help page/Archive

Older Archives (prior to Jan 2008)

 * Original Archive
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 * Archive 20060301
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 * Mar 2007
 * Apr 2007
 * May 2007
 * Jun 2007
 * New archive 1 – July 2-August 23 2007.
 * New archive 2

 * NOTE: The newest archives are created with numbers in order to allow for more frequent archival to be performed.


text:
Talk:Dimethoxyethane

Hey guys, Im new to wiki, but this chemical should be a "0' for Reactivity in its hazard diamond. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Onealej (talk • contribs) 17:06, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I guess no one saw this for 5 years. I changed it based on this MSDS. Zagadka314 (talk) 18:33, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Dimethoxyethane


text:
Tramontana

Tramontana, Tramontane, or Tramuntana may refer to:

Tramontana

 * "Tramontana", a short story by Gabriel García Márquez, in Strange Pilgrims
 * Tramontana (sports car), a Spanish sports car firm
 * Sebi Tramontana (born 1960), jazz trombonist most often associated with avant-garde jazz and free improvisation music
 * SPANISH SUBMARINE Tramontana (S74), a submarine of the Spanish Navy

Tramontane

 * Tramontane, a northern wind (tramontana in Italian and tramuntana in Catalan)
 * "Tramontane", an instrumental by the rock group Foreigner, from their album Double Vision (Foreigner album); served as the "B" side to their single "Hot Blooded"
 * Tramontane (film), a 2016 Lebanese drama film
 * The Pole star, a visible star
 * Tramontane, a science fiction novel by Emil Petaja

Tramuntana

 * Serra de Tramuntana, a small mountain chain in Majorca
 * 35725 Tramuntana, the name of an asteroid

Tramuntana (desambiguación) Tramontana Tramontana Tramontana

title: Tramontana


text:
Jerzy Kuryłowicz

Jerzy Kuryłowicz (26 August 1895 – 28 January 1978) was a Polish linguist who studied Indo-European languages.

Life
Born in Stanisławów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine), Kuryłowicz was a Polish historical linguist, structuralist and language theoretician, deeply interested in the studies of Indo-European languages. He studied at the Vienna University of Economics and Business (1913–1914), and then, after World War I, continued his studies at Lwów University, where his unusual language skills drew the attention of some prominent linguists. As a result, he was granted a scholarship in Paris. This gave him an opportunity to qualify as a university professor of Indo-European linguistics soon after his return to Poland. After obtaining the title, he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Later on, in 1946-48 Kuryłowicz filled in for Dr Krzyżanowski at the Institute of English Philology in Wrocław. Finally, he moved to Kraków, where he took the chair of General Linguistics at Jagiellonian University. He retired in 1965. Kuryłowicz was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Science. He died at the age of 82 in Kraków.

He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Sciences.

He was the brother of the microbiologist Włodzimierz Kuryłowicz. His son, also named Jerzy Kuryłowicz (1925–2002), obtained his PhD from the Technical University of Warsaw.

Work in linguistics
Kuryłowicz did not belong to any of the structuralist linguistic schools. In his views he was close to glossematics, whose many assumptions he accepted and developed. He is best known for his works on the Indo-European languages. The most important ones are Apophony in Indo-European (1956) and The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European (1964). In the latter, he discussed the inflectional categories of Indo-European languages and later, on the basis of these studies, formulated the so-called Case Theory.

Laws of analogy
Building on prior work by Antoine Meillet, Kuryłowicz's is also known for his "Six Laws of Analogy" that have been widely used in historical linguistics to understand how analogical grammatical changes work. The laws consist of six predictive statements about the direction of analogical changes:
 * 1) A bipartite marker tends to replace an isofunctional simple marker.
 * 2) The directionality of analogy is from a “basic” form to a “subordinate” form with respect to their spheres of usage.
 * 3) A structure consisting of a basic and a subordinate member serves as a foundation for a basic member which is isofunctional but isolated.
 * 4) When the old (non-analogical) form and the new (analogical) form are both in use, the former remains in secondary function and the latter takes the basic function.
 * 5) A more marginal distinction is eliminated for the benefit of a more significant distinction.
 * 6) A base in analogy may belong to a prestige dialect affecting the form of a dialect imitating it.

Case theory
In this theory he proposes the division into grammatical and concrete cases. According to Kuryłowicz, the case is a syntactic or semantic relation expressed by the appropriate inflected form or by linking the preposition with a noun, so it is the category based on a relation inside the sentence or a relation between two sentences.

The category of case covers two basic case groups:
 * 1) Grammatical cases: their primary function is syntactic, the semantic function is secondary. If we take the sentence: ‘The boy sat down’ (Fisiak 1975: 59) with an intransitive verb ‘sit’, we may notice that the sentence can be changed into causative construction: ‘’He made the boy sit down’’ (ibid), where the word ‘boy’ is changed from nominative into accusative, with the superior position of nominative. (Nominativus, accusativus)
 * 2) Concrete cases: they include instrumentalis, locativus and ablativus, whose primary function is the adverbial semantic function. They answer the questions: with what?, where?, from where?. The syntactic function of concrete cases is secondary. These cases are governed by semantically determined verbs.

For example, the Polish verb kierować (to drive) governs the direct object in the instrumental case, as in the expression kierować samochodem (to drive a car) (Fisiak 1975: 60)

Laryngeals
While studying the phonology of Indo-European languages, Kuryłowicz pointed to the existence of the Hittite consonant ḫ in his 1927 paper "ə indo-européen et ḫ hittite". This discovery supported Ferdinand de Saussure’s 1879 proposal of the existence of coefficients sonantiques, elements that de Saussure reconstructed to account for vowel length alternations in Indo-European. This led to the so-called laryngeal theory, a major step forward in Indo-European linguistics and a confirmation of de Saussure's theory.

Syntactic transformation
In 1936 Kuryłowicz introduced the idea of syntactic transformation, pointing at the same time that this syntactic (transformative) derivation does not change the meaning of syntactic form. Therefore, if we take the sentence like: Kate washes the car. and change it into passive: The car is washed by Kate. we can notice that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first one. They differ just in terms of style. The idea of transformative derivation proves that Kuryłowicz was ahead of his times, because what he described resembles one of the main assumptions of Chomsky’s Transformative – Generative Grammar postulated several years later.

Foundation concept
Kuryłowicz was also interested in the element hierarchy and the function of the language system. Analyzing the problem of hierarchy he introduced the concept of foundation, which is the relation between two forms or functions in a language. One of the forms or functions, so-called founding, always results in the presence of the founded, not conversely. For instance, in Latin, the endings -os and -or in the nominative singular both always correspond with the ending -orem in the accusative singular. This does not work the other way round, because the ending in the accusative does not allow one to predict the ending in the nominative case: it can be either -os or -or. (Fisiak 1975: 56)

Publications

 * Traces de la place du ton en gathique. Paris: Champion, 1925.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1927a. “Les effets du ə en indoiranien”, Prace Filologiczne 11: 201–43.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1927b. “ə indo-européen et ḫ hittite”, in Symbolae grammaticae in honorem Ioannis Rozwadowski, vol. 1. Edited by W. Taszycki & W. Doroszewski. Kraków: Gebethner & Wolff, pp. 95–104.
 * Études indo-européennes. Kraków: Skład Główny w Ksiegarni Gebethnera i Wolffa, 1935.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1936. “Derivation lexicale et derivation syntaxique”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 41–50.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1938. “Struktura morfemu”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 51–65.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1949a. “La nature des proces dits ‘analogiques’”. Acta Linguistica 5: 121–38.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1949b. “La notion de l’isomorphisme”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 16–26.
 * Kuryłowicz, J., 1949c. “Le probleme du classement des cas”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 131–154.
 * L'apophonie en indo-européen. Wrocław: Zakład im. Ossolińskich, 1956.
 * L'accentuation des langues indo-européennes. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1958.
 * Esquisses linguistiques. Wrocław–Kraków: Polska Akademia Nauk / Zakład Naroldowy im. Ossolíńskich, 1960.
 * The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1964.
 * (with Manfred Mayrhofer) Indogermanische Grammatik. Heidelberg 1968 ff.
 * Die sprachlichen Grundlagen der altgermanischen Metrik. Vortrag, gehalten am 3. Juni 1970 in Rahmen einer Vortragswoche d. Univ. Innsbruck aus Anlass ihrer 300-Jahr-Feier. Edited by Jerzy Kuryłowicz. Innsbruck: Institut für Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1970.
 * Studies in Semitic grammar and metrics. Wrocław: Wydawn. Polskiej Akademii Nauk / Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich; London: Curzon Press, 1972.
 * Studia indoeuropejskie; or, Études indo-européennes. Edited by Jerzy Kuryłowicz et al. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1974.
 * Metrik und Sprachgeschichte. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1975.
 * Problèmes de linguistique indo-européenne. Wrocław: Zakład narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1977.
 * Studia językoznawcze, vol. 1: Wybór prac opublikowanych w języku polskim. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1987.

Decorations and awards

 * 1965: Honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna
 * 1973: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art

title: Jerzy Kuryłowicz


text:
William Bayley

William Dowell Bayley (December 24, 1879 – November 5, 1955 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1927.

Early life and education
Bayley was born in Winnipeg, the son of William Dowell Bayley and Lucy Charlotte Carney, of English descent. Bayley received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Manitoba, and was a medallist in philosophy and political economy. He served as principal of King George Public School in Norwood, and in 1918 lectured on prohibition for the "dry" side in New Zealand.

Political career
He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1915, as a candidate of the Labour Representation Committee. He finished second in Assiniboia, coming in 55 votes behind Liberal candidate John Wilton.

Labour's electoral fortunes rose in Manitoba after the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919. Bayley ran for the legislature again in the 1920 provincial election as a candidate of the Dominion Labour Party, and defeated Wilton by 103 votes. The Liberals won a minority government in this election, and Bayley served as an opposition member of the legislature. He was re-elected in the 1922 election, which was won by the United Farmers of Manitoba.

Bayley was known as a strong orator, and had the honour of being the first public school teacher to serve in the Manitoba legislature. He left the Labour Party caucus on January 8, 1924, shortly after the retirement of party leader Fred Dixon. He served as an independent member of the legislature after this time, and did not seek re-election in 1927. He was appointed head of temperance education after retiring from the legislature, and opposed efforts to liberalize Manitoba's liquor laws.

Prosperity for Posterity Party
Bayley was a staunch prohibitionist, and opposed 1950s efforts to liberalize Manitoba's liquor laws. He was particularly opposed to the policies of Stephen Juba, who had called for a provincial referendum on the issue. Bayley attempted a political comeback in 1953, largely in response to Stephen Juba's increased popularity in the city. Juba, who would later be elected Winnipeg's mayor, promoted liquor law reforms as part of a populist platform. In response, Bayley formed the Prosperity for Posterity Party (PPP), a short-lived political party in Manitoba, Canada. It was established for the 1953 provincial election, but was dissolved before the election took place.

The PPP was primarily a vehicle for Bayley to voice his temperance policies. The party's manifesto stated that it would "approach all questions from the standpoint of the welfare of future generations". It issued a five-point platform:
 * 1. Opposing any extension of Manitoba's liquor laws (especially the plan favoured by Juba)
 * 2. Re-establishing temperance courses in Manitoba's public school system
 * 3. Lowering the voting age to 18
 * 4. Hastening the process of school consolidation
 * 5. Making cabinet ministers responsible for morale in their departments

The PPP held its first and only nomination meeting in Winnipeg on April 29, 1953. After no other volunteers came forward, Bayley agreed to campaign for the party in Winnipeg South on condition that 100 supporters provide financial backing. He fell short of his target, but nonetheless entered the contest a short time thereafter. Bayley withdrew from the contest before election day, however, claiming that his candidacy could split the temperance vote. When he left the race, he suggested that his candidacy could split the temperance vote. He issued the following statement: "'I choose to withdraw, thanking the friends of temperance, and of me personally, both those who paid me to run and those who said don't, and apologizing to Winnipeg Centre electors for ever thinking they wouldn't adequately deal with Mr. Juba'."

Death
Bayley died in Winnipeg at the age of 75 and was buried in Montreal, Quebec.

title: William Bayley


text:
The Missouri Breaks

The Missouri Breaks is a 1976 American Western film starring Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson. The film was directed by Arthur Penn, with supporting performances by Randy Quaid, Harry Dean Stanton, Frederic Forrest, John McLiam, and Kathleen Lloyd in her film debut. The score was composed by John Williams.

The title of the film refers to a forlorn and very rugged area of north-central Montana, where over eons, the Missouri River has made countless deep cuts or "breaks" in the land.

The film explores various connected themes including the American frontier myth, economic exploitation, and law and order. Like some other films directed by Penn, it has been read as an allegory of capitalism and the American counterculture.

Plot
Tom Logan is a rustler experiencing hard times. His gang and he are particularly upset by the hanging of a friend of theirs by David Braxton, a land baron, who takes the law into his own hands. They decide to seek vengeance against Braxton by killing his foreman Pete Marker, hanging him from the same tree used by Braxton and his men to hang their friend. Logan and his gang then buy a small farm close to Braxton's ranch with money they stole during a train robbery, and begin rustling his stock.

First the gang, without Logan, rides across the Missouri River and north of the border into Canada to steal horses belonging to the North-West Mounted Police. The theft initially goes well, until the Mounted Police catch up to the gang, forcing them to abandon the stolen horses and flee for their lives. In their absence, Logan plants crops and enters into a relationship with Braxton's aggressive, virginal daughter, Jane.

Braxton is incensed with both his rustling problem and his daughter, and sends for Robert E. Lee Clayton, a notorious Irish-American "regulator," who for a price, will take care of rustlers personally.

Quickly suspicious of Logan, who does not strike him as a farmer, Clayton dons a variety of disguises and begins to pick off Logan's gang, one by one. Identifying himself under the pseudonym of "Jim Ferguson," he kills Logan's young friend Little Tod, who cannot swim, by drowning him in the Missouri River.

Clayton spies on Logan with binoculars and taunts Braxton about his daughter's affair with a horse thief. Braxton attempts to discharge him, but Clayton is determined to finish his job. He shoots Si as he is trying to have sex with a farmer's adulterous wife. He also shoots Cary after he enters an outhouse. Finally, Clayton arrives at the gang's hideout one night and sets fire to the house, forcing a burning Cal to run to the river and throw himself in to extinguish the flames. He asks Cal where Logan is, and Cal says he was in the house but refused to come out. Clayton then impales Cal through his right eye with a large throwing star. Logan arrives the next morning, and sadly buries Cal.

A few nights later, Clayton is serenading his horse by campfire light. Once the campfire goes dark and Clayton falls asleep, Logan sneaks into his camp and slits his throat. Logan then comes after Braxton, who has been feigning a trance due to shock. But, at an opportune time, Braxton pulls a gun on Logan and attempts to kill him. Logan gets the upper hand and shoots Braxton in the chest, killing him.

Logan abandons his farm and packs up to leave, planning to go north of the Missouri River. Jane arrives, telling him that she has found a buyer for the ranch, and asks about the two of them. He acknowledges to Jane the possibility that they can renew their relationship at another time and place, maybe six months in the future.

Cast

 * Marlon Brando as Robert E. Lee Clayton
 * Jack Nicholson as Tom Logan
 * Randy Quaid as Little Tod
 * Kathleen Lloyd as Jane Braxton
 * Frederic Forrest as Cary
 * Harry Dean Stanton as Calvin
 * John McLiam as David Braxton
 * John Ryan as Si
 * Sam Gilman as Hank Rate
 * Steve Franken as The Lonesome Kid
 * Richard Bradford as Pete Marker
 * James Greene as Hellsgate Rancher
 * Luana Anders as Hellsgate Rancher's Wife
 * Danny Goldman as Baggage Clerk
 * Hunter von Leer as Sandy Chase
 * Virgil Frye as Woody
 * R. L. Armstrong as Bob
 * Dan Ades as John Quinn
 * Dorothy Neumann as Madame
 * Charles Wagenheim as Freighter
 * Vern Chandler as Vern

Production
In a May 24, 1976 Time interview, Brando was revealed to have "changed the entire flavor of his character—an Irish-American bounty hunter called 'Robert E. Lee Clayton'—by inventing a deadly hand weapon resembling both a harpoon and a mace that he uses to kill." Brando said "I always wondered why in the history of lethal weapons no one invented that particular one. It appealed to me because I used to be very expert at knife throwing."

Brando broke the monotony of the production by playing childish pranks with rubber spiders and eggs as well as frequently mooning the cast and crew. He would interrupt shots with bizarre behavior like biting a chunk out of a frog during a river scene and taking potshots at grasshoppers instead of his firing a gun at co-star Nicholson as scripted. Director Penn apparently made no effort to control him. The movie was filmed on location in Billings, Nevada City, Red Lodge, and Virginia City, all in Montana. Principal photography began on June 23, 1975. Jack Nicholson was the first actor to arrive on location with director Arthur Penn, the cast, and the crew. During the second week of filming in Nevada City, intermittent rain showers hit the area, which made the entire cast and crew more bedraggled than the script had depicted. More than 80 extras were used for area scenes; most of them were local people and children. A narrow-gauge car was lost for a week while en route from Chama, New Mexico to Harrison, Montana, which arrived after being held in Salt Lake City, Utah for interstate transportation permits. A scene that required the car was filmed on a trestle, four miles from Harrison on the abandoned Red Bluff Railroad. After filming was completed there, the cast and crew went to Virginia City. In mid-July, Marlon Brando arrived in Montana to begin filming in Billings on a ranch near the city.

In August, while filming a scene on the Yellowstone River that required the two main characters on horses to cross the river, one of the horses, named Jug, died in the river. The American Humane Association (AHA) investigated. When questioned, the film's production executive, Jack Grossberg, said Jug hit a car body with one hoof, had a heart attack, and then died of shock. The sheriff came to the conclusion that it was an accident. According to a spokesman for the Billings Humane Society, the sheriff's investigation was unsatisfactory. Both the National and Billings Humane Societies alleged that Jug drowned after being bound, strapped, and dragged through the water. Representatives from both the local and national AHA requested access to the set, but were told by the producers the set was closed to visitors, without exception. Harold Melniker of the Hollywood chapter of the AHA stated that the accident would not have occurred if the river bottom had first been checked. After the horse's drowning and the injury of several others, including one by AHA-prohibited tripwire, the film was placed on the AHA's "unacceptable" list.

By the end of August, Brando had completed filming and left Montana. Nicholson stayed behind with the crew and cast. Production then headed to Red Lodge for two weeks to complete filming, and it officially wrapped in mid-September 1975.

Reception
Coming on the heels of Brando and Nicholson's Oscar-winning turns in The Godfather and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest respectively, the film was highly anticipated, but became a notorious critical and commercial flop.

Vincent Canby's review in the New York Times cited "an out-of-control performance" by Brando.

Brando agreed to accept $1 million for five weeks' work plus 11.3% of gross receipts in excess of $10 million. Nicholson agreed to accept $1.25 million for 10 weeks work, plus 10% of the gross receipts in excess of $12.5 million. (Nicholson later sued producer Elliott Kastner for unpaid wages.) Despite its two stars, Missouri Breaks reportedly earned a domestic box-office gross of $14 million.

Xan Brooks of The Guardian sees the film as having ripened over the years: "Time has worked wonders on The Missouri Breaks. On first release, Arthur Penn's 1976 Western found itself derided as an addled, self-indulgent folly. Today, its quieter passages resonate more satisfyingly, while its lunatic take on a decadent, dying frontier seems oddly appropriate...Perhaps for the last time, there is a whiff of method to (Brando's) madness. He plays his hired gun as a kind of cowboy Charles Manson, serene and demonic".

Over time, its reception has improved and has since received a cult following. As of May 2023, the film holds a 79% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 28 reviews.

In other media
In M. Night Shyamalan's 2021 film Old, Rufus Sewell's character repeatedly asks the other characters if they remember the title of a film that starred Marlon Brando and Jack Nicholson. The character in the film, a surgeon named Charles, suffers from schizophrenia, then develops dementia as he ages. Shyamalan explained that the character's question was based on a conversation he had with his father, Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan, who also has dementia: "I've never seen [The Missouri Breaks]...It's from my dad, who actually has some dementia, and he would not stop talking about Jack Nicholson and Marlon Brando, this movie that they were in. And I was like 'Dad, I have never seen it.' And he goes, 'Jack Nicholson! Marlon Brando!' And he kept going on and on about it. I was like 'Dad, I'm putting this in a movie if you keep talking about this.' And he did."

title: The Missouri Breaks


text:
Ingolf Dahl

Ingolf Dahl (June 9, 1912 – August 6, 1970) was a German-born American composer, pianist, conductor, and educator.

Biography
Dahl was born Walter Ingolf Marcus in Hamburg, Germany, to a German Jewish father, attorney Paul Marcus, and his Swedish wife Hilda Maria Dahl. He had two brothers, Gert Marcus (1914–2008; a noted Swedish artist and sculptor, and a recipient of the Prince Eugen Medal), and Holger, and one sister Anna-Britta.

In Hamburg, Dahl studied piano under Edith Weiss-Mann, a harpsichordist, pianist, and a proponent of early music. Dahl studied with Philipp Jarnach at the Hochschule für Musik Köln (1930–32). Dahl left Germany as the Nazi Party was coming to power and continued his studies at the University of Zurich, along with Volkmar Andreae and Walter Frey. Living with relatives and working at the Zürich Opera for more than six years, he rose from an internship to the rank of assistant conductor. He served as a vocal coach and chorus master for the world premieres of Alban Berg's Lulu and Paul Hindemith's Mathis der Maler.

Since Switzerland became increasingly hostile towards Jewish refugees (including people of partial Jewish parentage) and Dahl's role at the Opera was restricted to playing in the orchestra, he emigrated to the United States in 1939. There he used the name Ingolf Dahl, based on his original middle name and his mother's maiden name. He consistently lied about his background, claiming to be of Swedish birth and denying his Jewish heritage (Marcus being a recognizably Jewish surname). He claimed to have emigrated a year earlier than he actually had. He settled in Los Angeles and joined the community of expatriate musicians that included Ernst Krenek, Darius Milhaud, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Ernst Toch. He had a varied musical career as a solo pianist, keyboard performer (piano and harpsichord), accompanist, conductor, coach, composer, and critic. He produced a performing translation of Schoenberg's Pierrot lunaire in English and translated, either alone or with a collaborator, such works as Stravinsky's Poetics of Music. He performed many of Stravinsky's works and the composer was impressed enough to contract Dahl to create a two-piano version of his Danses concertantes and program notes for other works. In 1947, with Joseph Szigeti he produced a reconstruction of Bach's Violin Concerto in D minor.

He also worked in the entertainment industry, touring as pianist to Edgar Bergen and his puppets in 1941 and later for comedian Gracie Fields in 1942 and 1956. He produced musical arrangements for Tommy Dorsey and served as arranger/conductor to Victor Borge. He gave private lessons in the classical repertoire to Benny Goodman as well. He performed on keyboard instruments in the soundtrack orchestras for many films at Fox, Goldwyn Studios, Columbia, Universal, MGM, and Warner Bros., as well as the post-production company Todd-AO. He also worked on the television show The Twilight Zone. Though grateful for the income this work provided, he complained while working on Spartacus how pointless it was "to tinkle a few notes on the celeste" when the notes are also doubled by several other instruments, all for a passage presented to the audience under sound effects and actors' voices. Dahl conducted the soundtrack to The Abductors (1957) by his pupil Paul Glass and performed both second and third movements of Beethoven's Pathétique Sonata in the 1969 animated film A Boy Named Charlie Brown.

Among his compositions, the most frequently performed is the Concerto for Alto Saxophone and Wind Orchestra commissioned and premiered by Sigurd Raschèr in 1949. The piece went through several major revisions and re-scorings during Dahl's lifetime, but the original version was restored by Paul Cohen and recorded in 2021. Dahl later completed commissions for the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Koussevitzky and Fromm foundations. His final work, complete and partly orchestrated at his death in 1970, was the Elegy Concerto for violin and chamber orchestra. In 1999, one critic reviewing a recording of Dahl's works called him a "spiffy composer", "a cross between Stravinsky and Hindemith".

He legally changed his name to Ingolf Dahl in February 1943 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in September of that year. In 1945 he joined the faculty of the University of Southern California Thornton School of Music in Los Angeles, where he taught for the rest of his life. In 1952 he was appointed the first head of the Tanglewood Study Group, a program that targeted not professionals but "the intelligent amateur and music enthusiast, also the general music student and music educator". His most prominent students included the conductor Michael Tilson Thomas and the composers Harold Budd and David Cope. In 1957 he co-directed the Ojai Music Festival in partnership with Aaron Copland and served as its music director from 1964 to 1966.

Among Dahl's honors were a Guggenheim Fellowship in music composition in 1951, two Huntington Hartford Fellowships, an Excellence in Teaching Award from the University of Southern California, the ASCAP Stravinsky Award, and a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1954.

He died in Frutigen, Switzerland, on August 6, 1970, just a few weeks after the death of his wife on June 10.

Personal life
From his teenage years, Dahl was initially bisexual, but from then onward, "his preference and partiality...remained with men". He had his first homosexual experiences at the age of 16 with the painter Eduard Bargheer. He kept his sexual orientation secret in his professional life, even as he cataloged in his diaries a wide variety of infatuations, affairs, trysts, and relationships. After coming to America, Dahl married Etta Gornick Linick, whom he had met in Zürich. She accepted his homosexuality, helped him to keep it hidden, and shared his affection with a lover that Dahl had met on a trip to Boston, and occasionally visited there. He maintained an intimate, though never exclusive, relationship for the last fifteen years of his life with Bill Colvig, whom he met on a Sierra Club hiking trip.

Notations in his manuscripts show he sometimes found inspiration in his male companions for his compositions. Hymn (1947) was inspired by Dahl's year-long affair with an art student he met at U.S.C. and movements of A Cycle of Sonnets (1967) carry the initials of two others.

His step-son, Anthony Linick, only learned of his homosexuality in a letter of condolence the step-son received upon Dahl's death. He assessed the relationship between Dahl's private and public sides in these words:

"His social life and his compositions never seemed to acquire that ease of communication that sustain many gifted creators, those titans whose ability to tap into the well-springs of their being allow them to produce a copious and enviable body of artistic endeavor. Ingolf labored under levels of repression that were antithetical to such a process. He did not choose to be who he was, nor did he choose to make his true self available to the wider world. He lived and died without the luxury of candor."

Later recognition
Dahl's music has been recorded on the Boston Records, Capstone, Centaur, Chandos Records, CRI, Crystal, Klavier Music Productions, MKH Medien Kontor Hamburg, Nimbus, and Summit labels.

Among Dahl's students are the American conductors Michael Tilson Thomas, Lawrence Christianson, William Hall, William Dehning, Frank A. Salazar, the pianist William Teaford, and the composers Morten Lauridsen, Williametta Spencer, Norma Wendelburg, and Lawrence Moss. Tilson Thomas assessed him this way: "Dahl was an inspiring teacher; over and above the subject matter, he showed his students about the practical value of humanism. That is, how to let humanistic concerns infuse your daily existence."

The Music Library of the University of Southern California (USC) holds the Ingolf Dahl Archive. It includes scores, manuscripts, papers, and tapes. Dahl also kept a diary in annual volumes from 1928 until his death in 1970. In 2012 his stepson, Anthony Linick, who wrote an extensive biography of Ingolf, donated these to USC.

The West Coast chapters of the American Musicological Society present the Ingolf Dahl Memorial Award in Musicology annually.

Recently there has been a revival of interest in the history of the Marcus–Dahl family, its flight from Hamburg, and the cultural contributions of Ingolf Dahl and his brother, the sculptor Gert Marcus. In 2017 residents of Groß Borstel founded a new society, "Initiative Marcus und Dahl", with the goal of reviving interest in the work of Gert Marcus and Ingolf Dahl as well as other artists living or working, or having lived or worked, in Gross-Borstel. "Initiative Marcus und Dahl" has been responsible for a number of projects. Among these one can cite the production of a new CD in 2018 of Ingolf Dahl's chamber music – Intervals – under the direction of Volker Ahmels.

In 2019, Melina Paetzold produced a German language biography of Ingolf Dahl.

List of works (partial)

 * Allegro and Arioso (1943, woodwind quintet)
 * Aria Sinfonica (1965, revised 1968, orchestra, 4 movements)
 * Cello Duo, aka Duo (1946, revised 1949, 1959, and 1969, cello and piano)
 * Concerto a Tre (1947, violin, cello, and clarinet); premiered by Benny Goodman, clarinet, with Eudice Shapiro, violin, and Victor Gottlieb, cello
 * A Cycle of Sonnets (1968, baritone and piano)
 * Divertimento for Viola and Piano, aka Viola Divertimento (1948)
 * Duettino Concertante (1966, flute and percussion)
 * Elegy Concerto (1970, violin and chamber orchestra)
 * Five Duets (1970, two clarinets)
 * Hymn and Toccata for Solo Piano, later Hymn (1947, solo piano, 2 movements, later each movement performed alone)
 * I.M.C. Fanfare (1973, three trumpets and three trombones)
 * Intervals aka Four Intervals (1967, fourth movement added 1969, string orchestra; later piano four hands)
 * Little Canonic Suite (1969, violin and viola)
 * Music for Brass Instruments, aka Brass Quintet (1944, two trumpets, horn, two trombones, and optional tuba)
 * A Noiseless Patient Spider (1970, women's chorus and piano)
 * Notturno (1953, a movement excerpted from Cello Duo, cello and piano)
 * Piano Quartet (1957, revised 1959, 1961, string trio and piano)
 * Quodlibet on American Folktunes: The Fancy Blue Devil's Breakdown (1953, two pianos, eight hands; 1966, version for orchestra)
 * Saxophone Concerto (1948, alto saxophone and concert band; 1959, revised for alto saxophone and wind ensemble)
 * Serenade for Four Flutes (1960)
 * Sinfonietta for Concert Band (1961)
 * Sonata da Camera (1970, clarinet and piano)
 * Sonata Pastorale (1959, piano solo)
 * Sonata Seria (1953, revised 1962, piano solo)
 * Symphony Concertante (1952, later revised, two clarinets and orchestra)
 * Three Songs to Poems by Albert Ehrismann (1933, soprano and piano)
 * The Tower of Saint Barbara: A Symphonic Legend in Four Parts (1955, revised 1960, orchestra, 4 movements, ballet)
 * Trio (1962, piano, violin, cello)
 * Variations on a French Folk Tune (1935, flute and piano)
 * Variations on a Swedish Folk Tune (1945, solo flute; 1970, revised for flute and alto flute)
 * Variations on an Air by Couperin (alto recorder and harpsichord or flute and piano)

Written works

 * "Notes on Cartoon Music" in Mervyn Cooke, ed., The Hollywood Film Music Reader (Oxford University Press, 2010)

title: Ingolf Dahl


text:
Talk:Sima Yi

Wuzhang Plains?
I'm quite confused as to who won the battle of Wuzhang Plains. At the article for the Battle of Wuzhang Plain, it says that Shu won with massive ambushes after creating a false Zhuge Liang. : The Local Village Idiot 23:40, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Shu retreated after Zhuge Liang's death. Sima Yi tried to press the attack, but withdrew when he found the fake Zhuge Liang.  Shu then completed their retreat.  Victory would not be an accurate claim. Forgottenlord 01:26, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I wish that article could be edited then (because I can not find a way). It would probably be more accurate to say that Wei won because they still repeled the Shu forces from going any further north.  filipino_dragon21
 * You should probably edit the Wuzhang Plains article if you want to say who won and who lost. This article at present states "His strategy was successful, and he was able to prevent Zhuge Liang from advancing any further," which is basically in agreement with what you said. I'll add a link to the Battle of Wuzhang Plain to this article, since I missed it before.--Alex Small 11:53, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I added a small note in parenthesis on it noting that Wei still was able to repel the Shu invasion. Not much, but it keeps the reader from thinking that Shu won a total victory, although they did not because they did not achieve their objective.  filipino_dragon21
 * I've made some changes to the Battle of Wuzhang Plains article, things should be a bit more clear now. Or so I hope. 09:11, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sima won. Isn't that a common knowledge??EkmanLi (talk) 18:25, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

In The Battle of Wu Zhang Plains, Sima Yi struck at the Shu forces when he received reports of Zhuge Liang's death, which also forced a close to the Northward Campaign. Though, Zhuge Liang was prepared for his death and gave out orders, prior to the battle, in the case of his premature death. However, this plan that his death put into motion was not meant to win the battle, but to ensure the Shu forces safe retreat. Ryder_Kain 01:02PM, 9 September 2015 (CT) —Preceding undated comment added 18:05, 24 September 2015 (UTC)

WuZhang Plains: Sima Yi Vs. Zhuge Liang
To add on to what went down during the battle between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi, it is true what happen. At the time Cao Rui, had lead many campaigns against the Shu army, but he would always lose due to Zhuge Liang's strategies. Sima Yi, on the other hand, soon was to be reinstated in order for Wei to combat the Shu army. Sima Yi's cunning knew no bounds and he was feared by Zhuge Liang himself.(Cao Cao also viewed Sima Yi as a potiential threat but more information must be provide to weather if he knew about him or not.) During the battle at Wu Zhang Plains, Zhuge Liang did his best to taunt Sima Yi into attacking him, but the Wei strategist did not buy into any attempt. Even with both men being as patient as they are, Sima Yi knew that Zhuge Liang would soon no longer be around to see the battle through. --Zhang Liao 16:28, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

The Greatest Mind Under Heaven
With Sima Yi's prediction true, he called for an all out assault on the Shu army as they began to retreat. Zhuge Liang died during the battle but the Shu army hid his death even when the Wei troops came for them. After striking back tremendously with ambush parties and a well dressed fiqure of Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi thought that the great Shu strategist had returned so he called off the pursuit. After the Shu army successfully retreated back south, Sima Yi came to the encampment of Zhuge Liang. He observed what was left of the Shu strategist and declared him, "The Greatest Mind under Heaven."--Zhang Liao 16:40, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Major Edit
I translated the Japanese version of the Sima Yi page. The Japanese readings of the names are quite different from pinyin, however, and some of the names I couldn't even find a romanization for. Anyone with knowledge of these sort of things please check the names for errors and correct them.

Also, I think a section dealing with the impression of Sima Yi from Romance of the Three Kingdoms should be included, if anyone feels up to it.--Alex Small 11:48, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The quality of writing on this page could be improved; it feels like it was taken from a comic book (e.g. "sprang into action"). Can someone with more knowledge of the subject material try and clean this up? Thanks, Hu Gadarn 21:06, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Editing a phrase like "sprang into action" doesn't take any knowledge of the subject. Feel free to take care of it yourself.--Alex Small 07:55, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Sima Yi's Rise
During Cao Cao's invasion to the South Land and the Battle of Chi Bi, he did at the time being knew of Sima Yi and had appointed him to be a Literary Secretary. Although he was not involved in the battles, he was around when Cao Cao had already finished off his toughest opponents like Lu Bu and Yuan Shao.--Zhang Liao 19:16, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Sima Yi originally had no intention of participating in Wei's affairs, involving the Three Kingdoms Era, and made his greatest effort to avoid positions concerning the war. Sima Yi even went through the effort of laying in a bed, "dormant of life," in an attempt to discourage Cao Cao's interest in him. Sima Yi was great enough an actor that he convinced Cao Cao's men of his illness when they went to see the bed ridden politic. Eventually, Cao Cao became Imperial Chancellor and ordered Sima Yi to serve under him. Ryder_Kain 1:21PM, 24 September 2015 (CT)

Recent edit
The line "Two years after Sima Yi's appointed post, he was executed for a atempted affair with Cao Pi's wife Zhen Ji." has been added to the article, but who is "he?" Obviously, not Sima Yi, as he was never executed... If possible, could someone please clarify this? --Alex Small 01:55, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's vandalism, I'm pretty sure. --Nlu (talk) 05:41, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * "He" might be Niu Jin. A misinformed person might had added that statement because Niu was recorded (rumored) to be involved in an affair with one of the palace maids or females from the royal house. In reality, Niu could never had an affair with Zhen Ji, because the latter died long before Sima and Niu gained power.EkmanLi (talk) 18:22, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

Movies
The tone of the Dynasty Warriors movies section implies that the character Sima Yi delivered oscar winning performances in the DW ending shorts. His presence in the 'movies' isn't significant anyway and the movies all last about 10 seconds and aren't particlularly deep.
 * True, we shouldn't be putting the emphasis on those insignificant detail. It's fancrufty....I will be removing those if no one objects. _dk 12:24, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I didn't write the original description, but I re-wrote the entire section with no emphasis on the movies or the fairly average voice acting. Is everybody happy with the current description? Gamer Junkie 06:56, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Citation
Under the verifiability principle, cn should be given from original entries if possible. cn from later works should be given if cn from original works are inadequate to elaborate upon the issue.EkmanLi (talk) 18:31, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

My cousin has Sakaguchi's book back in Hong Kong, and I had it read a few years ago when I was taking a vacation. At the time, I already noticed some minor errors within his work (those are acceptable tiny errors, like the ones for most other mordern works), my point is that no one can guarantee absolute accuracy on any works (including SGZ), so cn from original source is preferrable, because we can better discuss at the issue even deviations are present.EkmanLi (talk) 18:45, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Some modern works discuss the discrepancies of the original sources and later interpretations, so those works are good cites as well. _dk (talk) 00:47, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Yea, that's why I said they should be used. I use them for those purposes too.EkmanLi (talk) 07:17, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sima Yi


text:
User talk:JustDoIt~enwiki

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title: User talk:JustDoIt~enwiki


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Talk:Bellingham Slam

Untitled
This page was unsuccessfully nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Bellingham Slam for a record. Postdlf 22:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bellingham Slam


text:
Wikipedia:New contributors' help page/Archive 2

''Note: This is an archived page of Clueless newbies. Please do not edit this page. If you wish to "re-nominate" someone or comment on him/her, please list it at the current page, noting that the user has been listed before. Thanks!''

User:Areyoubeingserved?
You (Talk) 19:41, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems to be creating a number of articles in good faith, although they are quickly listed as speedy deletions or at least on vfd. You (Talk) 18:52, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Besides posting the > message on his user page, I've left him a tip on what should be in Wikipedia. Flcelloguy | Give me a note! | Desk  22:12, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. His list of contributions seems to be blank. Have they all been "rolled-back" by an admin? Also, if they have, is there any way of finding out the date he edited so we can see if he comes back to Wikipedia? Thanks. Flcelloguy | Give me a note! | Desk 22:14, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems that his/her contributions have all been deleted. I have some of the links to the vfd pages though:
 * Votes for deletion/Dragging a car
 * Votes for deletion/Alligator in sewer
 * OK, thanks. I'll check on his contribs (if he does anymore) periodically. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 20:32, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User: 65.66.13.188
, ,
 * This user has changed the controversial Benny Hinn article and Alva, Oklahoma article, both times adding POV hostility towards religion. Perhaps they could be helped to be a fruitful editor? --Prosfilaes 23:24, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I doubt he'll be back- just 3 edits (on June 6 and 9). But just in case, I've put both pages on my watchlist. Flcelloguy 18:46, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * And... he's back! Edited as anon IP number 65.66.18.44 to Alva, Oklahoma. Hmm... I'll see what I can do about it. Flcelloguy | Give me a note! | Desk 00:44, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Added stern warning (including ) to talk page. I have a feeling that this is a user who just wants to have some "fun" and won't listen to our warnings. If he does it again, I'll put him under WP:VIP- any objections? Flcelloguy | Give me a note! | Desk  00:49, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Vandalised Alva, Oklahoma again (this time with IP 65.66.18.44). I've put him on WP:VIP now. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 20:41, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Noticed that Alva, Oklahoma was edited again on July 1 (IP 66.141.66.114). I couldn't find the listing for this person on WP:VIP and -- being a newbie myself -- was uncertain of what my next step should be. Vespertine27 8 July 2005 07:57 (UTC)

User: Flowerofchivalry

 * I'm not sure how much this user's activities are naivete or just plain cussedness, but he could do with more love and attention than I can provide. Mark1 04:01, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've added a welcome notice on his user talk page, and also told him to feel free to ask me any questions. His edits seem to be in good faith with all good intentions. Flcelloguy 18:51, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Update: Flowerofchivalry did not respond to my comments, and continued editing. Some of his actions were controversial and several Wikipedians have filed a RfC against Flowerofchivalry (view it here). Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 22:12, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User:Elcangriman69

 * Adding Latin themed articles to the list of featured articles without going through the featured article process. Cedars 01:37, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * He has not made any edits after June 6, 2005. Flcelloguy 18:53, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User:EricGiguere

 * Seems rather intent on creating several categories for the book Make Easy Money with Google. Seems to be the author of the book.  I'm not really sure what to do about this, if all books would be considered notable enough for their own article, etc. You 20:20, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hasn't contributed since June 10... probably gone. You (Talk) 18:57, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

User:203.173.159.115
Seems to be stretching the limit of newbie test. See the "contributions" for yourself. Superm401 | Talk 05:27, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Has not been back (only 4 edits on June 1). Flcelloguy | Give me a note! | Desk 22:15, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User:82.32.121.68

 * Huge amount of work creating what appear to be templates for Wikipedians to list their proficiency in musical instruments, similar to the language templates, e.g. "Oboe-ist level 3". I've left a message on the talk page, but this one has me scratching my head. -   BanyanTree 01:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Apparently floated the idea at Wikipedia_talk:Babel, got no response, and proceeded to start adding them. -  BanyanTree 01:43, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

User:Vefutixo

 * Enthusiatic but appalling revision of Beethoven. Adds hi's to his favorite pages. Tedneeman 23:34, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * His only edits are all on the 26 of May, and it's been two weeks already. I doubt he'll be back- a one-day thingie. If not, then we should leave him a friendly warning. Flcelloguy 02:00, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)


text:
Shipka Pass

Shipka Pass (Шипченски проход, Shipchenski prohod) (el. 1150 m./3820 ft.) is a scenic mountain pass through the Balkan Mountains in Bulgaria. It marks the border between Stara Zagora province and Gabrovo province. The pass connects the towns of Gabrovo and Kazanlak. The pass is part of the Bulgarka Nature Park.

The pass is 13 km by road north of the small town of Shipka. It is crossed by a national road I-5, which runs between the Danube on the Ruse border crossing with Romania in north and the Makaza border crossing with Greece.

A road also leads from the pass to the summit of Buzludzha, 12 km to the east.

Battle of Shipka Pass
During the Russo-Turkish War in 1877 and 1878, Shipka Pass was the scene of a series of conflicts collectively named the Battle of Shipka Pass, fought between the Russians, aided by Bulgarian volunteers, and the Ottoman Empire.

Shipka Monument
It was opened with a ceremony in 1934 and designed by architect Atanas Donkov and sculptor Aleksandar Andreev. An important influence was the Monument to the Battle of the Nations in Germany.

The monument is a 31.5-metre (98-foot) high stone tower in the form of a truncated pyramid. A giant bronze lion, 8 m (26 feet) long and 4 m (13 feet) high, stands above the entrance to the tower, and a figure of a woman represents the victory over the Ottoman forces. A marble sarcophagus housing some of the remains of the Russian and Bulgarian casualties is on the first floor. There are four other floors where one can find replicas of Bulgarian military flags and other relics. The top of the tower reveals a panorama of Shipka Peak and the surrounding area.

title: Shipka Pass


text:
North Central High School (Indianapolis)

North Central High School is a public high school in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is part of the Metropolitan School District of Washington Township. North Central is an International Baccalaureate (IB) school.

History
North Central was established in 1956 in response to Washington Township's rapidly growing population and the desire of residents to have a local high school. Prior to this, students from the township attended Broad Ripple High School and Shortridge High School in Indianapolis. (At this time, most of the township was outside the city limits.) In 1963 the current facility was opened, and the original building was repurposed to Northview Middle School.

Demographics
For the 2015-2016 school year, enrollment was 3,636 students. 41% were black, 35% were white, 14% were Hispanic, 6% were multiracial, and 4% were Asian. 42% qualified for free lunches and 6% of the student body qualified for reduced-price lunches.

For the 2020-21 school year, enrollment was 3,754 students. Of these, 38% were black, 33% were white, 19% were Hispanic, 6% were multiracial, and 4% were Asian. 45% of students qualified for free lunches and 2% qualified for reduced-price lunches.

Music
The North Central Wind Ensemble has been named the ISSMA State Concert Band Champions six times (2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011).

The North Central High School Symphony Orchestra has been named the ISSMA State Concert Orchestra Champions ten times (1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2014).

The North Central Counterpoints show choir have been named the ISSMA State Concert Choir Grand Champions fifteen times (1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011) and the State Show Choir Grand Champions eleven times (2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019).

Notable alumni

 * Adam Alexander, NASCAR Camping World Series broadcaster, SpeedTV contributor, anchor
 * Charly Arnolt, sports broadcaster and TV personality
 * Tom Borton, jazz saxophonist, songwriter, composer, and former CEO of Los Angeles Post Music, Inc.
 * Todd Brewster, journalist and author
 * Cheryl Bridges, former marathon world record holder and first woman to obtain an athletic scholarship at a U.S. university
 * Sean Buck, Navy Vice Admiral, 63rd Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy
 * A'Lelia Bundles, author and journalist
 * Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress, singer, film producer
 * Mitch Daniels, Governor of Indiana (2005–13), president of Purdue University (2013–2022)
 * Andrew East, American football player
 * Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, musician, multi- platinum selling producer, with over 100 top 10 hits for various artists
 * Jared Fogle, spokesperson and convicted felon
 * Ray Gaddis, retired soccer player for the Philadelphia Union in Major League Soccer.
 * Jason Gardner, 1999 Indiana Mr. Basketball, Final Four participant at The University of Arizona. Current director of player relations at Arizona. He briefly returned to North Central for the 2020-21 season to serve as the boys basketball head coach.
 * Eric Gordon, Indiana Mr. Basketball, 2007, former Indiana University PG. 2008 NBA Draft: 1st round, 7th pick to Los Angeles Clippers.
 * Patty Guggenheim, actress and comedian
 * Amber Harris, pro basketball player for Chicago Sky, 2-time WNBA champion
 * Marie Collins Johns, former president & CEO, Verizon, mayoral candidate for Washington, D.C.
 * Ro James, musician
 * Ronnie Johnson, basketball player
 * Scott A. Jones, co-founder of Boston Technologies and ChaCha
 * Peter Kassig, aid worker, taken hostage and ultimately executed by The Islamic State.
 * Ron Klain, White House Chief of Staff to President Joe Biden, former chief of staff to former vice president Al Gore, and was chief of staff to Biden when he was vice president
 * Jon Krahulik, justice of the Indiana Supreme Court.
 * Brad Leaf, American-Israeli basketball player for Hapoel Galil Elyon and Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israel Premier League
 * Todd Lickliter, former Butler University and Iowa Hawkeyes head men's basketball coach
 * David Logan, basketball player for Dinamo Basket Sassari
 * Mary Mackey, novelist and poet
 * Maicel Malone-Wallace, 1996 Olympic Gold Medalist 4x400 Relay
 * Derrick Mayes football wide receiver at Notre Dame and the Green Bay Packers
 * Diana Mercer, author and Huffington Post columnist
 * Susan Neville, Professor of English at Butler University and Flannery O'Connor Award Winning author.
 * Bart Peterson, politician, former Mayor of Indianapolis
 * Courtney Roby, NFL football player, also played football at Indiana University
 * Chad Spann, NFL football player
 * Marc Summers, television personality, Double Dare game show Nickelodeon, currently Unwrapped, Food Network
 * Lars Tate, Gatorade National High School football player of the year, University of Georgia and NFL starter
 * Don Thompson, executive at McDonald's Corporation
 * Gary Thurman, Major League Baseball player
 * Troy Van Voorhis, MIT chemistry professor and speaker at The Veritas Forum
 * Kris Wilkes, 2017 Indiana Mr. Basketball and former college basketball player for UCLA
 * David Wolf, astronaut
 * John Von Ohlen, jazz drummer who played in the bands of Woody Herman and Stan Kenton
 * Futsum Zienasellassie, Professional long-distance runner and cross country Gatorade player of the year in 2012


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Clashnessie

Clashnessie (Clais an Easaidh) is a small crofting community on the North-West coast of Scotland; specifically in the Assynt area of Sutherland.

The township (the old Scottish term for a crofting village) is scattered around the sandy beach of Clashnessie Bay and derives its name from the Gaelic clais an easaidh, meaning glen (clais) of the (an) waterfall (easaidh), referring to the waterfall at the head of the shallow glen in which most of the houses stand. Although 100 mi north of Inverness, the village's micro-climate is generally mild, due to the closeness to the Atlantic Ocean Gulf Stream.

Today Clashnessie has just nineteen houses distributed widely over roughly a square mile area. Ten of these houses are original nineteenth-century crofters' cottages, or rebuilds, while the remaining nine are of more recent construction in a variety of styles. In the landscape around them are a number of the ruined traces of earlier dwellings and barns, the unmortared blackhouses of the crofters who were first cleared to the coast from more arable homelands in the interior. By the 1960s the resident population had fallen to around a dozen people, although within living memory Clashnessie had an inn, a post office, and a shop. The ruins of the community mill, of the kind with a horizontally mounted water-wheel, can still be seen at the side of the burn which runs down from the waterfall. The traces of the old poorhouse can still also be found on the roadside. Today the community is truly international. Although many houses have been decrofted, there has been some successful revival of traditional crofting too, with Highland cattle joining Cheviot sheep on the community's common grazing. Access to broadband has made cyber-crofting possible, which also adds to the long-term viability of the township.

title: Clashnessie


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Charles Wesley Emerson

Charles Wesley Emerson (1837–1908) was the founder, namesake and first president of Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. Charles Emerson was also a minister with the Unitarian Church and the author of a number of books dealing with oratory.

Life and career
Charles Wesley Emerson was born in Pittsfield, Vermont, in 1837 to Thomas and Mary F. (Hewitt) Emerson, and he was a distant cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson. The Emersons moved to Stockbridge, Vermont, in 1845 where his father was a notable teacher. Emerson studied with Prof. Augustus Wing, and began preaching at age nineteen.

Prior to establishing the college, Emerson was a minister who preached in Congregational and Unitarian parishes until 1885.

Emerson studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia receiving an M.D. in 1877, and he conducted courses in elocution, expression, voice culture, art, and topics related to oratory at the Unitarian Church of Vineland, New Jersey.

In 1877, Charles Emerson enrolled in Boston University's School of Oratory where he studied Delsarte and Swedenborg under the direction and guidance of Professor Lewis B. Monroe.

Shortly after the death of Monroe and the closure of the School of Oratory at Boston University, Emerson opened the Boston Conservatory of Elocution, Oratory, and Dramatic Art in 1880. A year later, the name was changed to the Monroe Conservatory of Oratory, in honor of Monroe. In 1890, the name changed again to Emerson College of Oratory and was later shortened to Emerson College in 1939.

During his time as president of the conservatory, Emerson published a number of books including four volumes of The Evolution of Expression which became the core text in the conservatory's curriculum.

In 1900, Henry and Jessie Eldridge Southwick purchased Emerson College. Emerson retired three years later and William James Rolfe took his place as president of the college.

Emerson believed that the ability to communicate was the key to achieving one's full potential. Emerson was confident that once a student completed his academic program, he would have future success, no matter what endeavor or profession they chose.

Emerson is buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery in Millis, Massachusetts.

title: Charles Wesley Emerson