text:
British Birds Rarities Committee

The British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC), established in 1959, is the national bird rarities committee for Britain. It assesses claimed sightings of bird species that are rarely seen in Britain, based on descriptions, photographs and video recordings submitted by observers. Its findings are published in an annual report in the journal British Birds.

The BBRC covers around 280 species whose annually recorded sightings in Britain fall below a threshold deemed to signify rarity. Since the establishment of the committee, some previously included species have become more common—or at least better recorded; this has resulted in their removal from the committee's list and their reclassification as "scarce migrants".

The committee has a chairman, a secretary, and ten voting members, and is supported by others who serve in an advisory capacity. Since its inception, a total of 69 people have served on the committee as assessors. In addition to assessing annual records of rare birds, the committee conducts regular reviews of batches of previously accepted records on a species-by-species basis, to ensure that only those consistent with advances in knowledge of bird identification are retained, and to determine the subspecies of accepted records. Several species have been problematic for assessment, and extreme examples have taken more than 20 years from initial observation to acceptance. The committee has been criticised for its approach to assessing records where only one observer was present, for not publishing reasons for rejecting the validity of records, and for placing undue weight on descriptive detail when assessing record submissions. Seabird identification has proved particularly difficult, leading some observers to suggest that the committee sets too high a standard.

Role and status
The "Rarity Records Committee" (as it was originally known) was established in 1959 by the editors of the journal British Birds. Its original purpose was to provide a means whereby uniform assessment standards could be applied to all rare bird records across Britain. Prior to the establishment of the committee, records were assessed by local bird recording organisations using varying standards. The most recent statement of the British Birds Rarities Committee's role is given in Bradshaw, Harvey and Steele (2004):

"BBRC aims to maintain an accurate database of the occurrence of rare taxa in Britain, in order to enable individuals or organisations to assess the current status of, and any changes in, the patterns of occurrence and distribution of these taxa in Britain."

Contradictory information has been published on the exact nature of the committee's status. On its website, BBRC describes itself as the "official adjudicator of rare bird records in Britain" (although it does not say on what basis it has this status). In Birders: Tales of a Tribe, author Mark Cocker erroneously describes the committee as a "statutory vetting body" (i.e. one established by an Act of Parliament). BBRC's constitution states that it "has no automatic or legal expectation that birders submit records".

The committee does not assess records of birds from Ireland; that task is carried out by the Irish Rare Birds Committee, which publishes its decisions in Irish Birds. Records of IRBC-assessed rarities were included in BBRC annual reports for many years, although this ceased in 2002 at the request of IRBC. Although the British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee does not regard records from the Isle of Man as contributing towards their British list, BBRC does include records from there in its totals. BBRC has had an ongoing sponsor in the German optical equipment manufacturer Carl Zeiss since 1983.

Species covered
Over 580 bird species have been recorded in Britain; some 250 have regular breeding or wintering populations, or are common migrants, and a further 50 are "scarce migrants". The BBRC assesses the remaining species. A list of the species the committee assesses (known as "British Birds rarities", or "BB rarities" for short) is on its website, although the list has not been updated to account for the most recent changes. The committee generally considers only the records of species rare enough to meet its criteria for inclusion on the BBRC rarities list, based on a numerical threshold. In addition to considering full species, records of some rare subspecies are considered and, in a few cases, the committee considers indeterminate records (birds that belong to a pair or group of rare species that are particularly difficult to separate, such as frigatebirds).

The committee keeps the list of species it considers under review and, from time to time, makes changes. These are usually because species have increased in frequency and no longer meet the numerical criteria for inclusion. A species is removed if it has more than 150 records in the preceding ten years, with ten or more in at least eight of those years. Different criteria were used in a review in 2006 (see below). There have been three major "purges" of species since the committee's formation. The first was soon after the committee's formation, in 1963, when 16 species were removed: red-crested pochard, snow goose, pectoral sandpiper, Mediterranean gull, Sabine's gull, melodious warbler, icterine warbler, yellow-browed warbler, northern goshawk, golden eagle, red kite, Kentish plover, crested tit, bearded tit, marsh warbler and Dartford warbler. Records of the last eight species had been considered only outside their "normal" British range (e.g. crested tits outside Scotland, and red kites outside Wales). Kentish Plover was readmitted in 2020 following the loss of breeding populations in both the UK and nearby continental Europe leading to a massive decline in records. The second was in 1982, when ten further species were removed: Cory's shearwater, purple heron, white stork, buff-breasted sandpiper, Richard's pipit, tawny pipit, Savi's warbler, aquatic warbler, serin and common rosefinch. Savi's warbler was re-admitted to the committee's list in 1998, due to declining numbers of occurrences, with Tawny Pipit and Aquatic Warbler being reinstated in 2015. Thirdly, in 2006, a further 17 species were dropped from the list: ferruginous duck, Wilson’s petrel, great white egret, black kite, red-footed falcon, American golden plover, white-rumped sandpiper, white-winged black tern, alpine swift, red-rumped swallow, red-throated pipit, subalpine warbler, greenish warbler, dusky warbler, Radde's warbler, Arctic redpoll and rustic bunting. Their selection was based on different criteria from those previously used: more than 200 records in Britain ever, and more than 100 occasions in the last decade. Of the 17 species that were removed in the 2006 purge, three have been reinstated - Ferruginous Duck in 2017, and Red-throated Pipit and Rustic Bunting in 2015.

Many other species and subspecies have been removed over the years: Cetti's warbler (in 1976); long-tailed skua (in 1979); common crane and ring-billed gull (in 1987); surf scoter, little egret, European bee-eater, Pallas's warbler and woodchat shrike (in 1990); green-winged teal (in 1992); ring-necked duck, greater short-toed lark and little bunting (in 1993); white-tailed eagle and Kumlien's gull (in 1998); American wigeon, black-crowned night heron and rose-coloured starling (in 2001); and black brant (in 2005).

Until 2009, the parrot crossbill was an anomaly, in that it was on the committee's list of species, even though a breeding population existed in Scotland. In 2009, this species was removed, along with white-billed diver and cattle egret. Latter removals included Glossy Ibis and Olive-backed Pipit in 2013, Lesser Scaup, Citrine Wagtail and Blyth's Reed Warbler in 2015 (although Lesser Scaup was reinstated in 2020), Black-winged Stilt and Red-flanked Bluetail in 2017, and Lesser Yellowlegs and Arctic Warbler in 2019.

In 2021, for the first time, White-spotted Bluethroat became the first taxon to be added to the BBRC list that hadn't previously been removed (except British firsts).

Once removed, a species is classed as a "scarce migrant": British Birds publishes a separate annual report summarising the occurrence of these species, and the data is also presented on the Scarce Migrants website. Aside from breeding species, Cetti's warbler, little egret, long-tailed skua, Mediterranean gull, Cattle Egret, Great White Egret and Yellow-browed Warbler have become so common that they no longer qualify even as scarce migrants.

Structure and personnel
The committee has ten voting members, a chairman (who may be one of the ten, or may be another, non-voting individual) and a non-voting secretary. BBRC was assisted in its assessment of seabird records by a Seabirds Advisory Panel from 1987 to 1996. In 1999, the BBRC set up the "RIACT" (Racial Identification Amongst Changing Taxonomy) group to advise on how records of rare subspecies should be treated. RIACT published its first report in 2006, setting out the subspecies it believed were sufficiently diagnosable, and that occurred infrequently enough to justify being assessed by the rarities committee. Prior to this, a partial selection of rare subspecies had been routinely included in BBRC reports; the RIACT report aimed to bring consistency to the selection for future years. When a record is of a species not previously recorded in Britain in a wild state, BBRC deals with assessment of the bird's identification, then passes the record to the British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee, which decides whether the species should be included on the BOU's British Bird list.

The committee has two permanent posts, a Chairman and a Secretary: they are appointed by the board of British Birds. There had been no fixed term for these appointments before 2008, however, a three-year fixed term, with a limit of ten years, was introduced with the change of chairman in that year. The current chairman, the committee's seventh, is Adam Rowlands; the six previous chairmen were Philip Hollom (1959–72), Ian Wallace (1972–76), Peter J. Grant (1976–86), Peter Lansdown (1986–93), Rob Hume (1993–97) and Colin Bradshaw (1997–2008). The committee's secretary is Nigel Hudson, appointed in 2007. Its previous secretaries were G. A. Pyman (1959–61), Christopher M. Swaine (1961–63), Denzil D. Harber (1963–66), F. R. Smith (1966–75), J. N. Dymond (1975–77), J. O'Sullivan (1977–78) and Mike Rogers (1978–2006).

At least one (usually the longest-serving) record-assessing member retires every year, to balance experience with "new blood". The committee usually nominates its own replacement candidate, but also invites nominations from others, and if any are received, holds an election among county bird recorders and the bird observatory network. A set of criteria for membership has been developed—currently, these are "a widely acknowledged expertise in identification, proven reliability in the field, a track record of high quality submissions of descriptions of scarce and rare birds to county records committees and BBRC, considerable experience of record assessment, the capacity to handle the considerable volume of work involved in assessing upwards of 1,000 records per year and the capacity to work quickly and efficiently". The following 69 individuals have served on BBRC in a records assessment capacity: A number of other individuals have served as the committee's statisticians, museum consultants, archivists and avicultural consultants, or on the Seabirds Advisory Panel or RIACT.

The committee has stated that it has a desire to be made up of members of "all age ranges and both sexes"; however, all BBRC members to date have been male, a fact reflected in the nickname "the ten rare men". Measures exist to ensure that the committee has a geographic balance amongst its membership—BBRC's constitution states that it "should attempt to provide a reasonable geographical spread with members having a detailed knowledge of each of the following areas: Wales, Scotland, Northern England, the Midlands, the Southwest and the Southeast of England".

Documentation of records, including the members' deliberations, are kept in the committee’s archives, which are deposited with the British Trust for Ornithology. Some older data is missing, as the committee's files were originally held by the editors of British Birds, and they were not transferred to the new owners of the magazine when it was sold in the 1960s.

Annual report and other publications
The committee publishes an annual report on the rare birds occurring each year, in British Birds. This has usually been in the issue published in November of the following year, although the 2007 Report appeared in the October 2008 issue, and the committee has said that it plans to keep to this new timescale in future years.

The report typically begins with an introduction, summarising the most significant birds occurring during the year, and discussing any current issues relating to the committee's work. This is followed by a list of accepted records in taxonomic sequence. Records for each taxon are listed by county, followed by comments about its occurrence during the year. Late-accepted records and decisions to reject a previously identified record are included. This section of the report contains painted illustrations and photographs of some of the birds. The report lists records that have not been accepted, often noting the most significant that remain under consideration.

The committee also publishes frequent "Rarities Committee news" items (previously called "Rarities Committee news and announcements") in British Birds.

Record reviews

BBRC reviews 1200 to 1500 records each year (when it was first set up, the figure was around 200 per year). Of these, approximately 85% are accepted: this acceptance rate has remained steady for many years. Species that have caused particular problems include black kite, great snipe, gyrfalcon, gull-billed tern, and North Atlantic little shearwater. Peter Grant estimated that, during his tenure as chairman, approximately 2% of accepted records are incorrectly accepted, and 5% are incorrectly rejected.

Wallace (1973) addressed a number of criticisms of the committee including that it provides too little information on the reasons for rarity rejection. Alan Vittery and Sara McMahon have both argued that the committee should inform observers whose records are rejected of the committee's reasons for doing so. This view also has the support of the editor of Birdwatch, Dominic Mitchell, who has made this the topic of editorials on a number of occasions.

BBRC has from time to time published material illustrating its assessment process in an attempt to explain to a wider audience how it arrives at its decisions. Much of these have appeared in a series called "From the Rarities Committees files" in British Birds magazine. Another short series was published in Birdwatch magazine: entitled "You: The Jury", it featured six fictitious rarity accounts, with, in the subsequent issue, accounts from two rarities committee members stating how they would vote.

Re-reviews
From time to time, BBRC has re-reviewed records that it previously accepted, to ensure they are acceptable in the light of improved knowledge of the species in question. These reviews are carried out on a species-by-species basis. Old World warblers have proved particularly in need of re-review. A review of greenish warbler records was initiated in 1983. The purpose of this review was to establish whether records, particular those in late autumn and winter, of drab grey Phylloscopus warblers, which had previously been accepted as greenish warbler, were in fact this species, or were common chiffchaffs of the Siberian race tristis. 48 records between 1958 and 1970 were examined. Of these, 20 were rejected. A review of Arctic warbler records was begun in 1991, with the aim of determining whether any greenish warblers had been mistakenly accepted as Arctics. The review was completed in 1994, although as of 2009, the results had not been published.

A review of spectacled warbler records was initiated in 1984. This review resulted in the species being removed from the British list; of the three accepted records, one, at Spurn, Yorkshire in 1968, was re-identified as a first-year female subalpine warbler, while descriptions of the other two, at Porthgwarra, Cornwall in October 1969 and on Fair Isle in June 1979, were not considered sufficiently watertight to permit their continued acceptance. Spectacled warbler has since been re-added to the British list following an individual at Filey, Yorkshire in 1992, and there have been further subsequent records. In the late 1990s, BBRC reviewed some of the accepted records of moustached warbler, and concluded that one, from Sussex in 1979, was unacceptable, but that one other, from Buckinghamshire in 1965, should stand. Two further records, from Hampshire in 1951 and Kent in 1952, were reviewed as part of the 1950–1957 review (see below), and found to be unacceptable. Following these rejections, the Buckinghamshire record, and the remaining record, a breeding pair in Cambridgeshire in 1946, previously accepted as Britain's first, were scrutinised by the BOURC and found to be unacceptable, leading to the removal of moustached warbler from the British list; it has not re-occurred.

A review of olivaceous warbler records commenced in 1986, and continued through the 1990s. The results of this review were published in 1999: six of the previously accepted records were rejected as not meeting modern identification standards. In 2003, following the split of olivaceous warbler into two species, the accepted records were all reviewed again to ascertain which of the two they were—all nine proved to be eastern olivaceous warblers. Following the split of Bonelli's warbler into two species, the committee reviewed all the 121 accepted records, and concluded that 51 were western and two were eastern; for the remainder, not enough evidence was available to make a firm decision. The committee had previously stated that it would regard as western Bonelli's warbler all except proven eastern Bonelli's warblers, however, this announcement rescinded that decision. In 2003–04, all desert warbler records were reviewed, and it was concluded that all were referable to the newly split Asian desert warbler, rather than African desert warbler.

A review of American and Pacific golden plover records was begun in 1991, with the purpose of evaluating whether any individuals previously accepted as "either American or Pacific" could now be definitely assigned to one species or the other (and vice versa). The results (a small decrease in the number of accepted American golden plovers, and a small increase in the number of accepted Pacifics) were published in the committee's report for 1996, with a comment that a detailed paper on the subject was being prepared, although as of 2009, this has not been published. A review of isabelline shrike records commenced in 1986. This review, the results of which were published in 1989, established a racial identification for a number of adult isabelline shrikes previously accepted to species level. A further review, with the same aim, was begun in the late 1990s. A preliminary set of results of this review was published in 2003; four previously accepted individuals were rejected, including one, in Cambridgeshire in 1978, which is now thought have been a hybrid with red-backed shrike. The full results of this second review were published in 2007; some of the previous racial attributions were withdrawn, but the committee felt able to confidently assign a race for a number of more recent individuals, although it stressed that this could only be done with adult birds (the committee's 2005 report mentions that a further article is in preparation). A review of black-eared wheatears was conducted in 2002–04, with the aim of assigning individuals to the eastern and western races where possible; this was possible with nine records; both western hispanica and eastern melanoleuca were shown to have occurred.

A review of semipalmated sandpiper records took place in the 1970s, resulting in seven of the twelve records being rejected. A review of black-headed wagtail records was initiated in 1983. The results were published in 1994 and 1995, and nine previously accepted records were judged to be unsound, due to possible confusion with grey-headed wagtail. A review of rufous turtle dove records took place in 1994, and concluded that three of the eight accepted records should no longer stand. A review of lesser kestrel records, begun in 1994, and completed in 1995, concluded that six accepted records of this species should no longer be regarded as acceptable. Five of the six were from autumn, whereas the overwhelming majority of records the committee continued to accept are from the spring/summer period. All 24 spring records of Siberian stonechat were reconsidered in 2002–04, in the light of new information on the variability in appearance of European stonechats in spring; the committee decided that all but five should remain accepted. In 2003, the committee revised its assessment criteria for male pine buntings, redefining some birds previously considered hybrids as acceptable, but requiring an overall greater level of precision in descriptions, and reviewed past records in the light of these changes.

As of 2017, the following reviews are underway: a review of past records of Macaronesian shearwaters, reviews of all claimed Nearctic cackling goose records, a review of great white egrets to establish if any are of the Nearctic race, a review of sandplovers, a review of records of the eastern race of common redstart, a review of Orphean warbler records aimed at determining the race of each, and a review of subalpine warblers to determine which individuals are ascribable to the race albistriata. It has also been suggested that reviews should be conducted of records of great snipe, as older records show a very different temporal occurrence pattern than more recent birds, the large numbers of gull-billed tern records from the English south coast from the 1960s, and desert wheatears, to establish racial identifications.

Problematic records
Most records received by the committee are processed within a year and published in its annual report in British Birds. Some records prove problematic, and for some species, it has taken the committee many years to come to a decision. This has particularly been the case where the species or subspecies in question was new to Britain—examples include northern harrier (Britain's first, in Scilly in 1982, accepted in 2007), long-toed stint (Britain's first, in Cornwall in 1970, accepted in 1994), least tern (Britain's first, and to date only record, accepted in 2005, after first occurring in 1983), black lark (Britain's first, from Spurn, Yorkshire in 1984, accepted in 2004 after a second set of notes came to light), Sykes's warbler (the first three records, from 1959, 1977, and 1993, accepted in 2003), Iberian chiffchaff (the first two records, from 1972 and 1992, accepted in 2000), and Hume's leaf warbler (the first 27 records, the earliest from 1966, accepted in 1998). Occasionally, decisions have been delayed due to non-ornithological factors, such as the loss by the Royal Mail of a file on Britain's first lesser short-toed lark.

The first three field records of Blyth's pipit, including an atypical pale individual on the Isles of Scilly, proved difficult, but following the occurrence of trapped individuals, on Fair Isle in 1993 and Suffolk in 1994, these were accepted. Some records of citrine wagtail and short-toed treecreeper were accepted only after prolonged consideration. Prior to the publication in 1984 of Jonsson and Grant's stint identification paper, a number of stints (Calidris) proved difficult to assess; a paper covering four such cases was published in 1986. It included accounts of a bird on Fair Isle, originally thought Britain's first red-necked stint that turned out to be a sanderling; and a bird in Suffolk, The "Felixstowe stint", which most observers at the time believed was a western sandpiper, but was in fact a semipalmated sandpiper. A previous paper details four early claims of red-necked stint, none of which were acceptable.

As of 2007, records of Wilson's snipe (from 1985 and 1998), elegant terns (from 2002), a number of eastern whitethroats and lesser whitethroats, and several apparent North African common chaffinches, are still under consideration.

Problematic seabird records
BBRC has had particular problems with a number of rare seabirds. The "Chalice petrel", a dark-rumped storm petrel seen and photographed in the Southwest Approaches in 1988, and believed by its observers to be a Matsudaira's storm petrel, was eventually rejected as other similar species could not be ruled out. Martin Garner and Killian Mullarney subsequently wrote a critical review of this decision, arguing that the evidence points to the bird having been a Swinhoe's storm petrel, the only dark-rumped storm petrel species otherwise recorded in the North Atlantic. They argued that the Seabirds Advisory Panel's assessment of the record was at fault, and a critical reappraisal of the evidence should have been prompted by the (then relatively recent) discovery in the North Atlantic of Swinhoe's storm petrel, and that the committee was instead too heavily swayed by the views of a single expert.

A petrel seen from Dungeness, Kent and believed by its observers to be Britain's first herald petrel was rejected, although the committee noted that the bird was clearly "an amazing seabird". This decision sparked a number of letters to British Birds questioning whether the committee's stance is too strict. Fea's petrel is now officially accepted as having occurred, but for many years, the identification of these birds was accepted only as Fea's/Zino's/soft-plumaged petrel, followed by a period where they were referred to Fea's or Zino's; however, following BOURC acceptance of two birds in Scilly waters as Fea's petrels, BBRC published a paper arguing that all birds are likely to have been Fea's.

The occurrence in Britain of southern (i.e. south polar/brown) skuas is also unresolved. A series of reports of south polar skua, from 1982 to 1993, were all eventually rejected after being assessed for several years. Two other birds (from the Isles of Scilly in 2001, and Glamorgan in 2002 have been accepted (by the BOURC) as belonging to one or other of these two species, while a bird from Dorset in 1996 remains under consideration.

Criticisms of level of detail required and approach to single-observer records
In 1996, Alan Vittery raised the question of whether the level of detail required by the committee for a description to be acceptable was too high. Similar points were made by Keith Vinicombe and Mike Pennington in 2001. In the light of the rejection of a record of Blyth's reed warbler in Shetland in 1997, Vinicombe and Pennington wrote to British Birds to question the decision. They suggested that the committee was becoming too focussed on minutiae in assessing bird descriptions, ignoring more obvious evidence, Vinicombe saying that "the Committee has prevaricated to the point where it 'cannot see the wood for the trees'". David Walker and Owen Leyshon, David Ferguson, and Andrew Duff have criticised the committee on similar grounds in relation to its approach to the assessment of rare seabirds, citing the Dungeness herald petrel claim as an example. Vittery, and Moss Taylor both expressed concern that BBRC was adopting too strict an approach for records of birds seen only by their finder.

In 1998, BBRC explained its approach to the assessment of single-observer records. The committee explained that while it understood that geographical and social circumstances make it likely that some people are more likely to find rare birds on their own, it is "very cautious about observers with a high proportion of single-observer records" and that its policy is to watch patterns closely and review those observers' past records on a regular basis. This approach has attracted criticism. Former BBRC chairman Ian Wallace and others have written about the subject in Birdwatch magazine. Wallace believes that the committee has a blacklist of observers, from whom it automatically rejects records unless there are other observers able to corroborate the sighting. He mentions two specific observers, both of whom live in remote parts of northern Scotland. Ken Shaw, a former BBRC member, has claimed that BBRC would not accept a single-observer record of a species new to Britain without photographic evidence, regardless of the track record of the observer. Graham Bell, another former member, writing in response to Shaw's article, has accused the committee of adopted unfounded suspicions, arguing that just because a competent observer moves to an underwatched part of the country, their abilities do not change. One of the observers who Wallace claimed was blacklisted, Alan Vittery, also contributed to the debate, stating that he had been informed by the BBRC that they would not consider any single-observer record he submitted, unless supported by a photograph. Vittery contrasted the BBRC's attitude with that of other national rarities committees, arguing that the result of the approach is to distort rarity statistics. Vittery invited the BBRC to reply in public, but this request was declined.

The Druridge Bay curlew
The BBRC conducted a detailed review into the controversial identification of a curlew seen at Druridge Bay in Northumberland in 1998, coming to the conclusion that it was, as had been believed by many observers, a first-summer slender-billed curlew. This identification was accepted by the British Ornithologists Union's Records Committee, leading to the addition of this species to the British List. The record was reviewed in 2014, and, after a split decision by both the BBRC and the BOURC, the record was found not proven and subsequently removed from the British List.

Review of 1950–57 records including an Ascension frigatebird sighting
A subcommittee was set up in 1997 to undertake a review of rare bird records from the years immediately prior to BBRC's establishment. The purpose of the review was to ensure that all records from 1950 onwards (the cut-off date for Category A of the BOU British List of birds) have been subjected to a similar level of scrutiny. Not all of the 1,100 records of species considered to be rarities at that time were assessed, but only those related to species not recorded more than 100 times by 1997, as well as a few records of less rare species under particularly unusual circumstances, which were termed "sore thumbs". Much of the original documentation was unavailable for the review, as it had been lost, and so for many records, the review was based solely on published accounts of the birds. The most notable outcome of this review was the reidentification of a frigatebird record from Tiree in 1953. Previously identified as a magnificent frigatebird, the BBRC review concluded that the bird was in fact an Ascension frigatebird, the only individual of this species ever identified in Europe (Walbridge, Small & McGowan 2003). The full results of the review were published in 2006. Of the 126 records reviewed, 37 were rejected as unacceptable. These included a claimed white-tailed eagle, which broke into a chicken-run in a garden and stole a chicken, three little crakes, three Eurasian scops owls, the only late December record of tawny pipit, three black-eared wheatears, a record of two White's thrushes together in April, a spring lanceolated warbler, two moustached warblers and a pine grosbeak. Furthermore, issues were found with the identification of Britain's first western sandpiper, on Fair Isle in 1956, and these led the BOURC to reject this record. The western sandpiper has been recorded several times subsequently in Britain however, and remains on the national list. The subcommittee's final report also hints at the prospect that some records from immediately prior to 1950 may be incorrect; because these fell outside the timeframes of the review they were not reassessed.

The Chipping Ongar hermit thrush
Only a single known hoax involving a record submitted to BBRC has become public. In autumn 1994, Nigel Pepper, a birdwatcher from Essex, claimed to have recorded a hermit thrush in a garden in Chipping Ongar. Doubts about the record were raised in Birdwatch and BBRC reviewed the record in 2002, but decided that it should stand. In 2009, Nigel Pepper came clean and revealed in Birdwatch magazine (Birdwatch 204: 46-47) that the record was actually a hoax, made in protest at perceived suppression of rare bird records in the county. He revealed that the Hermit Thrush in question was actually photographed in Canada on a recent birdwatching trip.

Principal works

 * BBRC, BBRC constitution (accessed 26 October 2007)
 * Bradshaw, Colin, Paul Harvey and Jimmy Steele, on behalf of BBRC (2004) What does the British Birds Rarities Committee do? British Birds 97(6): 260–3
 * Cocker, Mark (2001) Birders: Tales of a tribe ISBN 0-224-06002-3
 * Dean, Alan R. (2007) The British Birds Rarities Committee: a review of its history, publications and procedures British Birds 100(3): 149–176
 * Lansdown, P. G. (1987) Rare birds — the work of the British Birds Rarities Committee British Birds 80(10): 487–91
 * Lansdown, P. G. (1993) Rare-bird recording and the Rarities Committee British Birds 86(9): 417–22
 * Mairs, David (2003) The record breaker Birdwatch 131: 40–1 (an interview with Colin Bradshaw)
 * Wallace, D. I. M. (1970) The first ten years of the Rarities Committee British Birds 63(3): 113–29
 * Wallace, Ian (2004) Beguiled by Birds, pp. 97–105 ("The winding road of national review")
 * Wallace, Ian (2005) Questions that won't go away Birdwatch 153: 19–20

Annual reports

 * 1958: G. A. Pyman on behalf of the Rarity Records Committee (1960) Report on rare birds in Great Britain and Ireland in 1958 British Birds 53(4): 153–73
 * 1959: G. A. Pyman on behalf of the Rarity Records Committee (1960) Report on rare birds in Great Britain and Ireland in 1959 British Birds 53(10): 409–31
 * 1960: G. A. Pyman on behalf of the Rarity Records Committee (1961) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in i960 British Birds 54(5): 173–200
 * 1961: C. M. Swaine on behalf of the Rarities Committee (1962) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1961 British Birds 55(12): 562–84
 * 1962: D. D. Harber and C. M. Swaine on behalf of the Parities Committee (1963) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1962 British Birds 56(11): 393–409
 * 1963: D. D. Harber and the Rarities Committee (1964) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1963 British Birds 57(7): 261–81
 * 1964: D. D. Harber and the Rarities Committee (1965) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1964 British Birds 58(9): 353–72
 * 1965: D. D. Harber and the Rarities Committee (1966) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1965 British Birds 59(7): 280–305
 * 1966: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1967) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1966 British Birds 60(8): 309–38
 * 1967: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1968) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1967 British Birds 61(8): 329–65
 * 1968: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1969) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1968 British Birds 62(11): 457–92
 * 1969: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1970) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1969 British Birds 63(7): 267–93
 * 1970: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1971) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1970 British Birds 64(8): 339–71
 * 1971: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1972) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1971 British Birds 65(8): 322–54
 * 1972: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1973) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1972 British Birds 66(8): 331–60
 * 1973: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1974) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1973 British Birds 67(8): 310–48
 * 1974: F. R. Smith and the Rarities Committee (1975) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1974 British Birds 68(8): 306–38
 * 1975: J. N. Dymond and the Rarities Committee (1976) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1975 British Birds 69(9): 321–68
 * 1976: O'Sullivan, John and the Rarities Committee (1977) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1976 British Birds 70(10): 405–53
 * 1977: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1978) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1977 (PDF) British Birds 71(11): 481–532
 * 1978: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1979) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1978 (PDF) British Birds 72(11): 503–49
 * 1979: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1980) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1980. British Birds 73(11): 491–534
 * 1980: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1981) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1980. British Birds 74(11): 453–95
 * 1981: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1982) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1981. British Birds 75(11): 482–533
 * 1982: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1983) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1982 (PDF) British Birds 76(11): 476–529
 * 1983: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1984) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1983. British Birds 77(11): 506–62
 * 1984: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1985) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1984. British Birds 78(11): 529–89
 * 1985: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1986) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1985. British Birds 79(11): 526–88
 * 1986: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1987) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1986. British Birds 80(11): 516–71
 * 1987: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1988) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1987. British Birds 81(11): 535–96
 * 1988: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1989) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1988. British Birds 82(11): 505–63
 * 1989: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1990) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1989 (PDF) British Birds 83(11): 439–96
 * 1990: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1991) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1990 (PDF) British Birds 84(11): 449–505
 * 1991: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1992) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1991 (PDF) British Birds 85(10): 507–54
 * 1992: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1993) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1992 (PDF) British Birds 86(10): 447–540
 * 1993: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1994) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1993 (PDF) British Birds 87(11): 503–71
 * 1994: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1995) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1994 (PDF) British Birds 88(11): 493–558
 * 1995: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1996) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1995 (PDF) British Birds 89(11): 481–531
 * 1996: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1997) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1996 (PDF) British Birds 90(11): 453–522
 * 1997: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1998) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1997 (PDF) British Birds 91(11): 455–517
 * 1998: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (1999) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1998 (PDF) British Birds 92(11): 554–609
 * 1999: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2000) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 1999 (PDF) British Birds 93(11): 512–67
 * 2000: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2001) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2000 (PDF) British Birds 94(10): 452–504
 * 2001: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2002) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2001 (PDF) British Birds 95(10): 476–528
 * 2002: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2003) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2002 (PDF) British Birds 96(11): 542–609
 * 2003: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2004) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2003 (PDF) British Birds 97(11): 558–625
 * 2004: Rogers, Michael J. and the Rarities Committee (2005) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2004 (PDF) British Birds 98(12): 628–94
 * 2005: Fraser, P. A., Michael J. Rogers and the Rarities Committee (2007) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2005 part 1: non-passerines (PDF) British Birds 100(1): 16–61 and part 2: passerines (PDF) British Birds 100(2): 72–104
 * 2006: Fraser, P. A. and the Rarities Committee (2006) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2006 . British Birds 100(12): 694–754
 * 2007: Hudson, Nigel and the Rarities Committee (2008) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2007. British Birds 101(10): 516–577
 * 2008: Hudson, Nigel and the Rarities Committee (2008) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2008 . British Birds 102(10): 528–601
 * 2009: Hudson, Nigel and the Rarities Committee (2009) Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2009. British Birds 102(10):

title: British Birds Rarities Committee


text:
F. Melius Christiansen

Fredrik Melius Christiansen (April 1, 1871 – June 1, 1955) was a Norwegian-born violinist and choral conductor in the Lutheran choral tradition. He is most notable for his many a cappella choral arrangements, and for founding The St. Olaf Choir in 1912.

Early life
Fredrik Melius Christiansen, the son of a Norwegian factory worker, was born in Eidsvold, municipality in Akershus county, Norway. He took up music at an early age: By three years old he could play his first clarinet, and at six he was marching in his father's band. In addition to clarinet, he went on to learn the violin, piano, and pipe organ. In his teens, he became so proficient at the pipe organ as to be able to take his teacher's place as the organist in Sunday services, although his true passion was the violin. To pay for his lessons, he himself taught piano and violin to beginners, but soon realized that he would meet with limited success in his home country. Thus, at 17, F. Melius emigrated to the United States.

He briefly stayed with his uncle in Oakland, California but was unable to find work as an organist. He then moved to Washburn, Wisconsin where his brother Karl resided, staying for two years before he moved on to Marinette, Wisconsin. In Marinette, he directed both the city band and the church choir, in addition to teaching private lessons. It was there that he witnessed a performance by a male quartet from Augsburg College in Minneapolis, which left a favorable impression and led to his enrollment in 1892.

After completing the freshman courses at Augsburg, he attended the Northwestern Conservatory of Music, graduating with honors in his studies of music theory and counterpoint. He returned to Marinette to marry Edith Lindem, and in 1897, moved to Leipzig, Germany to study for two years at the Royal Conservatory of Music. While there, he became a regular attendee of the St. Thomas Choir, directed by Gustav Schreck, who was F. Melius' teacher in counterpoint, conducting, and composition. Following the completion of his diploma, F. Melius moved back to Minneapolis with his wife and first child, Elmer, where he enjoyed success as a violin faculty member of Northwestern Conservatory of Music, an organist in a local Lutheran church, and the director of the Kjerulf Male Chorus.

Career
In 1901, Christiansen was recruited by St. Olaf College president John N. Kildahl. The St. Olaf Choir was founded as an outgrowth of the St. John's Lutheran Church Choir in Northfield. For the next 30 years, Christiansen led the St. Olaf Choir, striving for perfect intonation, blend, diction and phrasing. He was a skilled conductor, directing bands and choirs alike. He assumed direction of the St. Olaf Band in 1903, and took the ensemble on tour to Norway in 1906 to play for King Haakon VII, making it the first college music ensemble to conduct a tour abroad. Though his first love was the violin, he received international fame as founding director of the St. Olaf Choir of St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, USA from 1912 to 1944. Christiansen was considered a pioneer in the art of a cappella (unaccompanied) choral music. Christiansen composed and arranged over 250 musical selections and his choral techniques were spread throughout the U.S. by St. Olaf graduates. The Christiansen choral tradition is a recognized feature of American choral music.

Honors

 * Christiansen was made a Commander of the Order of St. Olaf by the King of Norway in 1928.
 * St. Olaf College established the F. Melius Christiansen Lifetime Achievement Award in 1973.
 * American Choral Directors Association of Minnesota created the F. Melius Christiansen Endowment Fund in 1996.

Family
Four of Christiansen's children survived to adulthood, two of them adding their own legacy to the Christiansen tradition of choral music in America.
 * Jake Christiansen; coach and athletic director at Concordia College, Moorhead. Jake Christiansen Stadium, "the Jake," was built in his honor.
 * Olaf Christiansen; succeeded his father as head of the music department at St. Olaf College and conductor of the St. Olaf Choir. His accomplishments include maintaining the tradition and high standards of his father while introducing many choral arrangements, and more than twenty years of conducting the St. Olaf Choir.
 * Paul J. Christiansen; conducted The Concordia Choir from 1937 to 1986, developing the choir into what is now one of the world's finest and most accomplished undergraduate a cappella choirs. Paul, like his father, composed and arranged hundreds of hymns and countless choral compositions.  Paul helped to spread his father's music and tradition (as well as developing his own reputation of excellence) to generations.
 * Elsa Christiansen Wycisk; married Kurt Wycisk, manager of the Concordia Choir.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: F. Melius Christiansen


text:
User talk:Csnake

Welcome!
Hello, Csnake, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  01:06, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Csnake


text:
Otto von Emmich

Albert Theodor Otto Emmich (since 1913 von Emmich) (4 August 1848 – 22 December 1915) was a Prussian general.

Biography
Emmich was the son of an Oberst (Colonel). He married Elise Pauline Sophie (born 1855), daughter of Karl von Graberg. Born in Minden, Emmich entered the Prussian Army in 1866. A veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, he was promoted to major-general in 1901 and given command of the 31st Infantry brigade. In 1905, he was promoted to lieutenant-general and given command of the 10th Division. He attained the rank of general of infantry in 1909, and was placed in command of the X Army Corps at Hanover.

During the early days of World War I in Europe in 1914, he was given command of a provisional army, Army of the Meuse, which was explicitly formed for the special task of taking the forts of Liège and securing the invasion roads into Belgium for the regular German armies.

The Battle of Liège began shortly after the morning of 5 August 1914, when German bombardment began on the eastern Belgian forts. That marks it chronologically as the first battle to take place during World War I, beginning shortly before the Battle of Mulhouse. The Imperial German troops were obliged to entrench and bring up heavy siege artillery. He laid siege to Liège, which he entered on 7 August 1914, but the last forts did not surrender until 16 August 1914.

After the fall of Liège, Emmich reverted to corps command and fought at the Marne and in the trench warfare near Reims. In April 1915 Emmich was transferred to the Eastern front where he fought in the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive.

Emmich was ennobled in 1913. He died of arteriosclerosis in Hanover.

Awards and decorations

 * Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle
 * Order of the Crown, 1st class (Prussia)
 * Iron Cross of 1870, 2nd class
 * Pour le Mérite (7 August 1914) together with Erich Ludendorff for the taking of Liège; Oak Leaves added to the Pour le Mérite on 14 May 1915

title: Otto von Emmich


text:
User talk:C-w-l

Welcome!
Hello, C-w-l, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  01:07, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

asteroid articles
Nice job with the articles on the Monty Python asteroids. Just the sort of thing that rabid Python fans would want to know more about! I'll drop Ckatz a line, too, seeing as (s?)he started the first one. Keep on truckin', — riana_dzasta • t • c • e  • 08:39, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Marriage Guidance Counsellor

The article Marriage Guidance Counsellor has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable sketch

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ╟─ Treasury Tag ►  Alþingi  ─╢ 13:00, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for July 10
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited I've Got Two Legs, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page O2 Arena. Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 08:52, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Chapman as Brian.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Chapman as Brian.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:14, 26 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:C-w-l


text: User talk:CPColin

title: User talk:CPColin


text:
User:OSCARUMANZOR

OSCAR UMANZOR is an entertainment reporter online; created in 1998 his website www.oscarumanzor.hollywood.com was his first job in the entertainment industry; few years later the website was cancelled  and he became entertainment reporter from www.hollywoodreporter.com, backstage, eonline boards, www.livra.com www.sitcomsonline.com, www.hollywoodcity.com

title: User:OSCARUMANZOR


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Restless mania

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:37, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Restless mania
Delete a nn blog. Gets only 91 unique Google hits, and doesn't even have its own webspace (so no useful Alexa info available). Says it's run by five people for pronouncing their opinions on things. -Splash 01:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete cheap shot to get visitors. drini ☎ 02:04, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable blog. Dcarrano 04:33, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Bloggist vanitism. Cnwb 07:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable blog. JamesBurns 10:01, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Meyerton

Meyerton may refer to:

 * Meyerton, Gauteng, South Africa
 * Meyerton, Baker Island, United States Minor Outlying Islands (Pacific Ocean)

title: Meyerton


text:
Talk:The Panic Channel

Untitled
chris chaney on probation? wtf is up with this. is it true/what went down/where did you hear this?

Should we mention Steve Isaacs's involvement in Skycycle? I know it was short-lived, but when Hanna-Barbera picks you to do a soundtrack for a movie starring one of its best-loved characters (Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island), that's hardly "unnoticed."

Having said that, what's the verdict on including some of their early lyrics, considering their site has been down and unmaintained for some time, and a number of the lyrics can't be found anywhere else (E-mail Girl comes to mind)? Would linking to the WebArchive cache of the official site be acceptable (admitting that this should probably go in a Skycycle article if formed)? Orethrius 01:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Someone needs to make a page for their first album. It's not released for another 5 days but the hype surrounding it means its very likely to be a commercial and critical success.

Emo
As stated on the page of a vandalizer:
 * Please read the supergroup page for the Wikipedian definition of supergroup. It is not your definition that matters, it is that of Wikipedia that matters. Please read the second paragraph of the article (supergroup) for further clarification. This has already been addressed in the history of The Panic Channel article. Please read it.

 * Secondly, please do not try to psychoanalyze me and tell me what I may or may not regard to be a negative term. I have absolutely no problem with emo bands, but the band is absolutely and 100% not emo. Can you tell me in any way, shape, or form that The Panic Channel fits the definition of emo as defined by the Wikipedia article on it? The band doesn't even remotely resemble the definition there. It does, however, fit the definitions as listed on the page.

 * Your examples of how the band is emo are not only inaccurate, but highly questionable. The name makes them emo? Since when did the name of a band have anything to do with the music itself? It never did. And your reasoning of why they are emo because of the song "Why Cry" doesn't even answer the question of why they are emo. Because they tried to write a mainstream song and failed? That makes them emo how exactly again?

 * The emo genre does exist. But The Panic Channel is not emo. Please do not tell me why I connotate emo as a negative term when it is clearly you judging from your statement on why the band is emo: "The first single, why cry, is further evidence that they are Emo, because the depth of the music is completely lacking and they have clearly just tried to write a radio friendly single. They failed." Clearly you are not a fan of "Why Cry" (and possibly the band). That doesn't make them emo, though.

 * Please do not continue to vandalize the page. Thank you.
 * Enfestid 03:43, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

To expound upon this, Wikipedia is NOT (repeat: NOT) the place for your personal vendettas against a particular genre of music, a particular band, etc. The entire rationale behind the vandalizer's changing the genre to emo is best summarized in his own words: ''Take a look around the other pages of bands that are at the forefront of the Emo movement and even they don't say that they are Emo, why not? because they are ashamed. This does not make it correct to stop calling these bands that are Emo just that because they don't want to admit that they have no credibility, it defeats the entire point of an impartial website.''

Wikipedia is an impartial site. Which is exactly why you personal definitions of things are not allowed here. Clearly this person has a distaste for the band. Please read the pages before you change something. Enfestid 03:48, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Supergroup
I question the status of this band as a supergroup, and it is a question that is supported by the discussion page on supergroups. While the definition of a supergroup on wikipedia states that one is comprised of band members who have made an impression already (which three of the four band members most certainly have) it is unclear in the definition whether all members of the band need to have done so. This debate continues on the supergroup discussion page and it seems that a consensus has been reached that bands that replace a member with an unknown or relatively unknown and change the name of the band should not qualify. I think this gives reasonable grounds to reconsider the notion of the panic channel being a supergroup. Any thoughts? 132.181.7.1 22:29, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * If there is a consesus reached, then by all means change it. But the definition as given on the supergroup page, as it stands now, is sort of fuzzy on the issue and makes it seem as though this band meets the definition.
 * Enfestid 03:40, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Reviews
To the person that keeps editing the page to say it is getting negative reviews: I appreciate your attempt at trying to help maintain the article, but that's not the case. The album has gotten mixed reviews thus far, it's just that there are a few negative outliers in the reviews that are weighing the overall score down. So far there has been a couple of positive reviews, a few negative ones, and mostly ones in the middle. Even the Metacritic link essentially showed that. Enfestid 17:44, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Panic Channel


text:
Nigel

Nigel is an English masculine given name.

The English Nigel is found in records dating from the Middle Ages; however, it was not used much before being revived by 19th-century antiquarians. For instance, Walter Scott published The Fortunes of Nigel in 1822, and Arthur Conan Doyle published Sir Nigel in 1905–06. As a name given for boys in England and Wales, it peaked in popularity from the 1950s to the 1970s (see below).

Nigel has never been as common in other countries as it is in Britain, but was among the 1,000 most common names for boys born in the United States from 1971 to 2010. Numbers peaked in 1994 when 447 were recorded (it was the 478th most common boys' name that year). The peak popularity at 0.02% of boys' names in 1994 compares to a peak popularity in England and Wales of about 1.2% in 1963, 60 times higher.

Etymology
The name is derived from the church Latin Nigellus. This word was at first assumed to be derived from the classical Latin nigellus (meaning dark). However, this is now considered an example of an incorrect etymology passed down and created by French-speaking clerics, who knew Latin as well and translated the Norman first name Neel to Latin written documents, as was conventional in Western Europe at the time. The Latin word nigellus gave birth to Old French neel (modern nielle), meaning “niello, black enamel”; and this explains the confusion with Nigel, because the clerics believed it was the same etymology as the first name Neel, spelled the same way.

However Nigel, via medieval Latin Nigellus and subsequently Norman Neel (modern surname Néel), and Norse Njáll, is ultimately derived from the Gaelic Irish given name Niall.

England and Wales
The following table shows the number of boys given the first name Nigel in specific years in England and Wales. Numbers peaked in about 1963. In 1964 it was the 23rd most popular boys' name. By 2016 the number of boys named Nigel had dropped below 3, the minimum number reported by the ONS.

Medieval figures

 * Nigel de Saint-Sauveur (Néel de Saint-Sauveur), Norman baron at Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte in Cotentin
 * Nigel D'Oyly (Néel d'Ouilly), Anglo-Norman lord
 * Nigel d'Aubigny (Néel d'Aubigny), Norman nobleman
 * Nigel (bishop of Ely) (Néel d'Ely), Anglo-Norman bishop
 * Nigel de Longchamps, 12th-century English poet

Notable people named Nigel

 * Nigel Ah Wong (born 1990), New Zealand rugby player
 * Nigel Ayers (born 1957), English multimedia artist
 * Nigel Barker (born 1972), English fashion photographer
 * Nigel Benn (born 1964), British boxer
 * Nigel Bennett (born 1949), Anglo-Canadian actor, director, and writer
 * Nigel Benson (born 1955), British writer and illustrator
 * Nigel Blackwell, English lead singer and guitarist of Half Man Half Biscuit
 * Nigel Bond (born 1965), British snooker player
 * Nigel Bonner (1928–1994), British zoologist and Antarctic marine mammal specialist
 * Nigel Bruce (1895–1953), British actor
 * Nigel Butterley (1935–2022), Australian composer and pianist
 * Nigel Clough (born 1966), English footballer
 * Nigel Cullen (1917–1941), Australian fighter ace of World War II
 * Nigel Cumberland, British author
 * Nigel Dakin (born 1964), soldier, diplomat and Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
 * Nigel Davenport (1928–2013), English actor
 * Nigel Dick (born 1953), English director, writer, and musician
 * Nigel Dodds (born 1958), British/Northern Irish politician, MP (DUP)
 * Nigel Edwards (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Nigel Evans (born 1957), British politician
 * Nigel Farage (born 1964), British politician, former MEP (Reform UK)
 * Nigel Fountain (born 1944), British writer, journalist, editor and broadcaster
 * Nigel Glockler (born 1953), English drummer of the heavy metal band Saxon
 * Nigel Godrich (born 1971), English recording engineer and record producer
 * Nigel Green (1924–1972), British actor
 * Nigel Gresley (1876–1941), British steam locomotive engineer
 * Nigel Harris (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Nigel Harte, Westmeath Gaelic footballer
 * Nigel Havers (born 1951), English actor
 * Nigel Hawthorne (1929–2001), English actor
 * Nigel Hayes (born 1994), American basketball player
 * Nigel Haywood (born 1955), Governor of the Falkland Islands
 * Nigel Hess (born 1953), British composer
 * Nigel Horspool, British-born inventor of the Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm
 * Nigel Holmes (born 1942), British graphic designer
 * Nigel Irens, British yacht designer
 * Nigel de Jong (born 1984), Dutch footballer
 * Nigel Keay (born 1955), New Zealand violist and composer
 * Nigel Kennedy (born 1956), British violinist and violist
 * Nigel Kneale (1922–2006), British scriptwriter
 * Nigel Latta (born 1967), New Zealand psychologist
 * Nigel Lawson (1932–2023), British politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Nigel Lythgoe (born 1949), English television director, producer and host
 * Nigel Mansell (born 1953), British racing car driver
 * Nigel Martyn (born 1966), British football goalkeeper
 * Nigel Marven (born 1960), British wildlife television presenter/producer, author, and hobby ornithologist
 * Nigel McGuinness (born 1976), British wrestler
 * Nigel Melville (born 1961), English rugby player, coach, and administrator
 * Nigel Miguel (born 1963), Belizean-American actor, film producer, film commissioner, basketball player
 * Nigel Mitchell, British television presenter and radio presenter
 * Nigel Morris (born 1958), British businessman and co-founder of Capital One
 * Nigel Murch (1944–2020), Australian cricketer
 * Nigel Ng (born 1991), Malaysian stand-up comedian
 * Nigel Northridge (born 1956), British businessman
 * Nigel Oakes (born 1962), British businessman
 * Nigel Olsson (born 1949), drummer for Elton John, solo recording artist
 * Nigel Owens (born 1971), Welsh rugby referee
 * Nigel Pivaro (born 1959), English actor
 * Nigel Planer (born 1953), English actor
 * Nigel Plum, Australian rugby player
 * Nigel Poor, American podcaster
 * Nigel Reo-Coker (born 1984), English footballer
 * Nigel Richards (born 1967), five time World Scrabble Champion
 * Nigel Rodgers (born 1952), British author
 * Nigel Roberts, British computer scientist
 * Nigel Short (born 1965), English chess player
 * Nigel Slater (born 1958), English food writer and broadcaster
 * Nigel Smart (born 1969), Australian footballer
 * Nigel Stanford, New Zealand composer
 * Nigel Stock (1919–1986), English actor
 * Nigel John Taylor (born 1960), bass player of Duran Duran
 * Nigel Vardy, British mountaineer
 * Nigel Warburton, British philosopher
 * Nigel Watson (1947–2019), British blues-rock guitarist
 * Nigel Williams-Goss (born 1994), American basketball player
 * Nigel Winterburn (born 1963), English footballer
 * Nigel Worthington (born 1961), Northern Irish footballer and manager

Fictional characters

 * Good Dog Nigel, the titular character in a poem from John Lennon's 1964 book In His Own Write.
 * Nigel, a character in 1989 American independent coming of age comedy movie She's Out of Control
 * Nigel Bathgate, a journalist, in the detective novel A Man Lay Dead (1934) by Dame Ngaio Marsh
 * Nigel Bottom, a poet and playwright in Something Rotten!
 * Nigel Cronin, a character from the 1991 black comedy movie Drop Dead Fred
 * Nigel Chapman, a character in Agatha Christie's novel Hickory Dickory Dock
 * Lieutenant Colonel Nigel Chessum, a redcoat officer in the CBS series Ghosts
 * Nigel Olifaunt, Lord Glenvarloch, main character of Sir Walter Scott's novel The Fortunes of Nigel
 * Sir Nigel (Loring), a novel by Arthur Conan Doyle based on the life of Neil Loring
 * Nigel Pargetter, a character on the BBC radio soap opera The Archers
 * Nigel Baker, a character in Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel
 * Nigel Forrester, a character from Bratz Rock Angelz with whom Cloe falls in love
 * "Making Plans for Nigel", 1979 New Wave hit for English group XTC
 * Nigel Powers (played by actor Michael Caine) is a character who appears in the third Austin Powers movie, Austin Powers in Goldmember, as the father of Austin Powers and Dr. Evil
 * Principal Nigel Brown, a character on The Amazing World of Gumball
 * Nigel Molesworth, schoolboy in 1950s humour books by Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle
 * Nigel Moon, one of the many brothers of the character Daphne Moon in the TV series Frasier
 * Nigel Vilancey from the movie Jumanji
 * Nigel, a character in Ellis Peters's novel The Devil's Novice
 * Nigel, a brown pelican and character in the 2003 Disney/Pixar animated film Finding Nemo
 * Nigel, a British koala in 2006 Disney animated film The Wild
 * Nigel, the gangster ex-husband in Fredrik Bond's Charlie Countryman
 * Nigel "Nidge" Delaney, fictional character played by Tom Vaughan-Lawlor in RTÉ crime drama TV series Love/Hate
 * Nigel Gearsley, a British race car appearing in Cars 2
 * Sir Nigel Irvine, SIS chief in Frederick Forsyth's spy novel The Fourth Protocol
 * Nigel, a sadistic sulphur-crested cockatoo who is the main antagonist in the Rio franchise
 * Nigel Burke, the main character in Surgeon Simulator 2013
 * Nigel, nickname given by the community to the British pilot model in the video game War Thunder
 * Nigel Bumble, a fictional character who join The Rooks in Assassin's Creed Syndicate
 * Nigel, an agoraphobic sheep dog in the New Zealand film The Price of Milk (2000)
 * Nigel, played by Hugh Grant, in the movie Bitter Moon (1992)
 * Sir Nigel Thornberry, fictional wildlife documentary producer from The Wild Thornberrys
 * Nigel Tufnel, lead guitarist for the fictional band Spinal Tap
 * Nigel Ratburn, an anthropomorphic rat and elementary school teacher, in the Arthur TV series
 * Nigel Planter, a character from The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
 * Nigel Uno, a fictional character from Codename: Kids Next Door
 * Nigel Wolpert, a Gryffindor wizard from the Harry Potter franchise

Dog

 * Nigel, a Golden Retriever dog that belonged to Monty Don, a British television gardening presenter.

title: Nigel


text:
River Club

River Club may refer to:

 * River Club, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg in Gauteng, South Africa
 * River Club of Jacksonville, a private club in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
 * River Club, a private club housed in River House (New York City)
 * River Club, Florida, a golf course community in Manatee County, Florida

title: River Club


text:
User talk:Goudong

Welcome!
Hello, Goudong, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  01:09, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Goudong


text:
User talk:Erkpote

Please do not vandalize articles. This sort of offense can include inserting nonsense into articles, blanking articles, or otherwise changing articles with obviously unwanted content. This serves no other purpose than creating more work for Wikipedia's editors and administrators. If you do continue, your account and/or IP will be blocked. Kelly Martin 01:10, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erkpote


text:
West Rand

The West Rand is the urban western part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.

The West Rand extends from Randfontein in the west to Roodepoort in the east, and includes the town of Krugersdorp. The areas of Carletonville and Westonaria are sometimes included as being part of the Far West Rand. The areas are economically linked to the city through the gold mining industry. Following the creation of the Johannesburg unicity in 1999, Roodepoort, which is traditionally regarded as part of the West Rand, became part of Johannesburg municipality. After 1999, much of the area became part of the newly formed West Rand District Municipality (excluding Roodepoort, which became part of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality).

Despite being a separate municipal area, like the East Rand, the West Rand is included in the Witwatersrand urban area. To this end, the West Rand shares the same dialling code as Johannesburg (011 locally) and the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg (and the East Rand). It is not uncommon for residents of the West Rand to work in Johannesburg proper and vice versa.

title: West Rand


text:
West Virginia State Police

The West Virginia State Police (WVSP) is a state law enforcement agency in the United States that provides police services to the residents of West Virginia. It is the fourth-oldest state police agency in the US. The WVSP was disbanded due to their involvement in quelling of the uprisings on behalf of the coal and mine companies which were surrounding the concept of organized labor in the coal and mine industries. The WVSP was then reorganized as the Department of Public Safety in the second extraordinary session of the West Virginia Legislature on June 19, 1919, as a result of their involvement.

History
The West Virginia State Police was first formed in 1919, at the direction of Governor John Jacob Cornwell, who deemed that a state-level law enforcement agency "was mandatory in order for him to uphold the laws of our state." Part of the compromise was the name of the organization: "West Virginia Department of Public Safety" was the official name until 1995 when the name was changed to "West Virginia State Police" during the legislative session.

Today
Like other state law enforcement agencies, West Virginia troopers enforce traffic laws statewide, investigate crimes and protect the governor and his immediate family. The superintendent of the West Virginia State Police is Colonel Jack Chambers.

West Virginia State Police troopers wear a forest-green uniform and campaign hat. They receive their training at the West Virginia State Police Academy located in Institute, a suburb of Charleston, and near the agency's headquarters in South Charleston. Upon appointment, cadets undergo an intense training program at the State Police Academy.

The West Virginia State Police also runs its own forensic laboratory and provide scientific investigation services to law enforcement agencies across the state. Services offered to criminal justice agencies include biochemistry, drug, firearm investigations, latent prints, questioned documents, toxicology and trace evidence. The crime lab is accredited by the American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB).

Recruitment and training
The West Virginia Division of Criminal Justice Services is responsible for setting minimum physical ability standards for police officers working in the state. In 2007, following a national trend, it relaxed the physical ability standards for aspiring police officers. Right now, any police applicant must do at least 27 push-ups/minute, 29 sit-ups/minute and be able to run 1.5 mi in a maximum time limit of 14 minutes 53 seconds. The State Police, however, chose not to follow those standards unlike most local police agencies in West Virginia. The agency's recruiters still require applicants to perform at least 27 push-ups/minute, 29 sit-ups/minute and those same applicants have to run 1.5 mi in no more than 14 minutes 52 seconds, which were all the initial minimum requirements for all police departments in West Virginia.

Training at the paramilitary academy lasts about 25 weeks compared to about 16 weeks for officers from other departments (trained at the same academy). When cadets graduate, they are promoted to the rank of "Trooper." They can be stationed anywhere in the 55 West Virginia counties working from detachments (barracks). They serve an eighteen-month probationary period that starts at the time they enter the academy. After completing successfully that probationary period, they are eligible to receive an associate degree in police sciences through the Marshall Technical and Community College program.

Personnel
The State Police has struggled with staffing issues for many years and the problem seems to persist mainly due to lack of funding to dramatically increase the number of road troopers. As of 2013, the agency employed well above 600 sworn officers, making it de facto the largest law enforcement agency in the state. The State Police is heavily relied upon to assist in many of the 55 West Virginia counties. In September 2013, news organizations started reporting a new initiative from the agency to increase manpower. The Accelerated Cadet Program targets local West Virginia police officers who want to join the State Police. Once hired, such officers would train for only 11 weeks, instead of the 25 weeks normal cadets go through.

The State Police is and has been the only agency to operate a law enforcement academy in West Virginia. The state police academy trains West Virginia State Police Troopers and all county and local police departments in the state.

Vehicles
State Police vehicles are composed of a variety of makes with blue and gold colors accompanied by the agency's logo on the side front doors. For many years, the agency has used Ford Crown Victorias for the road. In recent years, however, the West Virginia State Police has phased out Chevy Impalas and the Ford Police Interceptors (Police equivalent of the Ford Taurus) as well as Ford Crown Victorias. As of 2024, WVSP primarily utilizes both marked and unmarked variants of the Ford Police Interceptor Utility and the new Chevrolet Tahoe. The agency also uses unmarked vehicles that are usually assigned to command staff members; however, certain traffic units use unmarked (typically light blue) Ford Expeditions. Vehicles are mainly equipped with blue LED lights and red and amber LED lights in the rear. Special WVSP vehicles include extended Ford Transit vans as crime scene units, motorcycles, and a small aviation fleet consisting of two helicopters. There are also several Ford F-250s used as multi-purpose units. The State Police also manages sport vehicles mostly used for public relations and recruitment. The West Virginia State Police possesses a vehicle inventory of approximately 974 vehicles state-wide.

Weapons
Troopers are issued the .45 ACP Smith & Wesson 4566TSW, a version of the Smith & Wesson Model 4506. It has a bobbed hammer and blue metal finish. Each WVSP 4566TSW has the agency name and shoulder patch engraved. Each Trooper is issued an attachable flashlight which mounts to their pistol.

As of December 2018, Troopers are now using Glock 17 Gen 5 9mm handguns.

Organization

 * Cabinet Secretary
 * Superintendent of the State Police
 * Deputy Superintendent
 * Executive Services
 * Media Relations Unit
 * Personnel Unit
 * Medical Unit
 * Staff Services
 * Accounting Unit
 * Communications Unit
 * Criminal Records Unit
 * Forensic Laboratory
 * Planning and Research Unit
 * Procurement Unit
 * Promotional Standards Unit
 * Traffic Records Unit
 * Training Academy
 * Uniform Crime Reporting Unit
 * Professional Standards
 * Legal Services
 * Field Operations
 * Field Troops 1 - 8
 * Bureau of Criminal Investigations
 * Regional Offices 1 - 6
 * Investigative Support Services
 * Insurance Fraud Unit
 * Polygraph Unit
 * Drug Diversion Unit
 * Marijuana Eradication
 * Digital Forensics Unit
 * Technical Operations Unit
 * Cold Case Unit
 * Criminal Intelligence Unit
 * Special Operations Unit
 * Special Response Teams
 * Aviation Section
 * K‐9 Unit
 * Explosive Response Teams
 * Crimes Against Children Unit
 * Executive Protection Unit

Troops and detachments
Troop 0 Command - South Charleston
 * Headquarters
 * Forensic Laboratory
 * Executive Protection
 * Special Operations

Troop 1 Command - Fairmont
 * Bridgeport Detachment
 * Fairmont Detachment
 * Grafton Detachment
 * Kingwood Detachment
 * Morgantown Detachment
 * Moundsville Detachment
 * New Cumberland Detachment
 * New Martinsville Detachment
 * Wellsburg Detachment
 * West Union Detachment
 * Wheeling Detachment

Troop 2 Command - Charles Town
 * Berkeley Springs Detachment
 * Charles Town Detachment
 * Keyser Detachment
 * Martinsburg Detachment
 * Moorefield Detachment
 * Romney Detachment

Troop 3 Command - Elkins
 * Buckhannon Detachment
 * Elkins Detachment
 * Franklin Detachment
 * Glenville Detachment
 * Marlinton Detachment
 * Parsons Detachment
 * Philippi Detachment
 * Sutton Detachment
 * Webster Springs Detachment
 * Weston Detachment

Troop 4 Command - South Charleston
 * Clay Detachment
 * Grantsville Detachment
 * Harrisville Detachment
 * Parkersburg Detachment
 * Quincy Detachment
 * Ripley Detachment
 * South Charleston Detachment
 * Spencer Detachment
 * Mason County Detachment
 * Winfield Detachment
 * St Marys Detachment

Troop 5 Command - Logan
 * Hamlin Detachment
 * Huntington Detachment
 * Logan Detachment
 * Madison Detachment
 * Williamson Detachment
 * Wayne Detachment

Troop 6 Command - Beckley
 * Beckley Detachment
 * Gauley Bridge Detachment
 * Hinton Detachment
 * Jesse Detachment
 * Lewisburg Detachment
 * Oak Hill Detachment
 * Princeton Detachment
 * Rainelle Detachment
 * Richwood Detachment
 * Summersville Detachment
 * Welch Detachment
 * Whitesville Detachment
 * Union Detachment

Troop 7 Parkways (WV Turnpike) Command - Beckley
 * Parkways - Beckley Parkways Detachment
 * Parkways - Charleston South Parkways Detachment
 * Parkways - Princeton Parkways Detachment

Troop 8 Bureau of Criminal Investigation (BCI)

Fallen officers
Since the establishment of the West Virginia State Police, 41 officers have died while on duty.

Additional references

 * State Journal (in a May 2005 article)
 * State Trooper: America's State Troopers and Highway Patrolmen (Turner Publishing Company)

title: West Virginia State Police


text:
Lawrence James

Edwin James Lawrence (born 26 May 1943, Bath, England), most commonly known as Lawrence James, is an English historian and writer.

Biography
James graduated with a BA in English & History from the University of York in 1966, and subsequently undertook a research degree at Merton College, Oxford. Following a career as a teacher, James became a full-time writer in 1985.

James has written several works of popular history about the British Empire, and has contributed pieces for Daily Mail, The Times and the Literary Review.

His wife Mary James was headmistress of St Leonards School from 1988 to 2000.

title: Lawrence James


text:
User talk:JasonR~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Someone must have been lazy, as you have not been welcomed yet. Thank you for your contributions. Since you have been here for a while, we can pretty much assume you are not a troll, vandal, or clueless newbie. I hope you continue to like the place and don't get all grumpy and leave over nothing. Here are a few good links for newcomers, even though you aren't one:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

I hope you still enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian, and won't get mad over something stupid and leave! By the way, please be sure to continue to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome, and sorry for your not being welcomed in the past! --Phroziac (talk) 01:12, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called JasonR. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name JasonR~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:48, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:16, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:JasonR~enwiki


text:
Fax server

A fax server is a system installed in a local area network (LAN) server that allows computer users whose computers are attached to the LAN to send and receive fax messages.

Alternatively the term fax server is sometimes used to describe a program that enables a computer to send and receive fax messages, set of software running on a server computer which is equipped with one or more fax-capable modems (or dedicated fax boards) attached to telephone lines or, more recently, software modem emulators which use T.38 ("Fax over IP") technology to transmit the signal over an IP network. Its function is to accept documents from users, convert them into faxes, and transmit them, as well as to receive fax calls and either store the incoming documents or pass them on to users. Users may communicate with the server in several ways, through either a local network or the Internet. In a big organization with heavy fax traffic, the computer hosting the fax server may be dedicated to that function, in which case the computer itself may also be known as a fax server.

User interfaces
For outgoing faxes, several methods are available to the user: For incoming faxes, several user interfaces may be available:
 * An e-mail message (with optional attachments) can be sent to a special e-mail address; the fax server monitoring that address converts all such messages into fax format and transmits them.
 * The user can tell their computer to "print" a document using a "virtual printer" which, instead of producing a paper printout, sends the document to the fax server, which then transmits it.
 * A web interface can be used, allowing files to be uploaded, and transmitted to the fax server for faxing.
 * Special client software may be used.
 * The user may be sent an e-mail message for each fax received, with the pages included as attachments, typically in either TIFF or PDF format.
 * Incoming faxes may be stored in a dedicated file directory, which the user can monitor.
 * A website may allow users to log in and check for received faxes.
 * Special client software may be used.

Advantages over paper fax machines
Fax servers offer various advantages over traditional fax systems:
 * Users can send and receive faxes without leaving their desks.
 * Any printable computer file can be faxed, without having to first print the document on paper.
 * Most of the problems on a fax server can be diagnosed and solved from remote locations.
 * The number of fax lines in an organization can be reduced, as the server can queue the large numbers of faxes and send each when any of a number of lines is free.
 * Faxing capability can be added easily to computer programs, allowing automatic generation of faxes.
 * Transmitted faxes are more legible and professional-looking.
 * There is less clutter of office equipment; incoming faxes can be printed on a standard computer printer.
 * Printer jams on malfunctioning fax printers may be reprinted without being re-faxed.
 * Faxing may be monitored and/or recorded, so that users may be allocated quotas or charged fees, or to ensure compliance with data-retention and financial laws.
 * Fax servers can be located centrally in an organisation's data centres providing resilience and disaster recovery facilities to a traditionally desktop technology.
 * Incoming junk faxes are not as much of a problem; the server may maintain a blacklist of numbers it will not accept faxes from (or a white list listing all the numbers it will accept calls from), and those that do get through do not waste paper.
 * Incoming faxes can be handled electronically as part of a paperless office scheme, reducing or eliminating paper use.

Public fax services
There are many Internet fax providers operating fax servers as a commercial public service. Subscribers can interact with the servers using methods similar to those available for standard fax servers, and would be assigned a dedicated fax number for as long as they maintain their subscription. Fees are normally charged on a flat monthly rate, with a limit on the number of fax pages sent and/or received.

Integrated fax programs
An integrated fax program is a complete set of faxing software which operates on a single computer which is equipped with a fax-capable modem connected to a telephone line. Its user interfaces may be similar to those used to communicate with fax servers, except that since the entire operation takes place on the user's computer the user may be made more aware of the progress of the transmission. Integrated fax programs are aimed at consumers and small organizations, and may sometimes be bundled with the computer's operating system.

title: Fax server


text:
Lyceum Theatre, Sheffield

The Lyceum is a 1,068-seat theatre in the City of Sheffield, England.

History
There has been a theatre on the site since 1879 when the Grand Varieties Theatre was built. Made of wood and originally intended to be used as a circus, the theatre was managed by the parents of the music hall comedian Dan Leno in 1883, who regularly performed there in the early stages of his career. Leno's lease came to an end in 1884 and the theatre burnt down in 1893. This was replaced by City Theatre but this was demolished six years later to make way for what is now the Lyceum.

Built to a traditional proscenium arch design, the Lyceum is the only surviving theatre outside London designed by the theatre architect W.G.R. Sprague and the last example of an Edwardian auditorium in Sheffield. The statue on top of the Lyceum Theatre is Mercury, son of Zeus and Maia.

By the late 1950s, the Lyceum was experiencing financial difficulties and by 1966 bingo callers were keeping the rumoured threat of demolition at bay. The theatre closed in 1969 and, despite being granted Grade II listed status in 1972, planning permission was sought for its demolition in 1975. The building was saved in part due to campaigning by the Hallamshire Historic Buildings Society.

Over the years the building changed ownership many times, being used variously as a bingo hall and a rock concert venue. By the 1980s, the interior was in a state of disrepair. The theatre was bought by two Sheffield businessmen in 1985, with financial support from Sheffield City Council, and it was reclassified to Grade II* listed status. Between 1988 and 1990 the Lyceum was completely restored at a cost of £12 million.

The theatre reopened in 1990 and now serves as a venue for touring West End productions, as well as locally produced shows. It is part of the Sheffield Theatres complex with the neighbouring Crucible Theatre and the Tanya Moiseiwitsch Playhouse.

Home of pantomime
The Lyceum presents one of Sheffield's annual Christmas pantomimes. For many years the pantomime attracted prominent actors and variety turns and visiting producers in the months between Christmas Eve and Easter. In the 1940s, the Lyceum began to produce its own pantomime and was soon bringing in stars of radio such as Morecambe and Wise, Harry Secombe and Frankie Howerd.

However, closure of the Lyceum meant that after the final pantomime performance in March 1969, Sheffield's pantomimes took place in the neighbouring Crucible. The pantomime returned to the Lyceum in 1990s, as touring production companies were now using the venue.

In 2007, Sheffield Theatres replaced the touring companies by starting co-production with Evolution Pantomimes. Their first show Cinderella was followed by Aladdin in 2008 and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 2009.

title: Lyceum Theatre, Sheffield


text:
User talk:ZachsMind/Archive1

Image:SamSeder.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:SamSeder.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. -- Chowbok  ☠  17:56, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

My Response
Whatever floats yer boat, dude.

Sango's RfA
Hi, ZachsMind. Thanks for supporting my RfA! I am honored by your endorsement and praise, and hope to demonstrate that your endoresment was well-placed. Sango 123  01:27, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Request for adminship
Hello, ZachsMind. I have just submitted a request for adminship, and I would be honored if you submitted a vote. :) Thanks, Sango  123  19:05, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

at what point is a stub no longer a stub?
(copied from Wikipedia talk:Stub to alert you, probably best to respond there if needed. I am watching that page)

Well the rule of thumb on WP:STUB is "10 fairly short sentances or three paragraphs" but it warns that that is jsut a rule of thumb. In genral a stub is, IMO, an article so short as to be obviously lacking key info needed to cover the subject, so ahort that people must be exorted to expand it, and the reader cautuioned not to rely on it to include adaquete coverage. An article doesn't need to be so tagged can just have the stub tag removed -- no vote or approval is needed. I have done some stubsorting recently, mostly in book-stub, and found several articles that didn't look like stubs to me. I checked the history to see the state of the articel when the stub tag was applied. if here had been significant expansion, and the article didn't feel like a stub to me, I removed the tag. This is just my view, nothing official, of course. DES 04:37, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Welcome from Sango123
Hello, ZachsMind, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions; I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also the Topical index. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Though we all make goofy mistakes, here is what Wikipedia is not. By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ZachsMind. Four tildes (ZachsMind 20:02, 18 July 2005 (UTC)) produces your name and the time stamp, and five tildes (20:02, 18 July 2005 (UTC)) produces only the time stamp.
 * If you haven't already, drop by the New user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Simplified Ruleset
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Wikipedia Glossary

If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy Wiki-ing!

-- Sango123 22:42, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Template
Everything's fixed now. It looks like Barista accidentally edited User:Sango123/Message, which I use as a template on talk pages by inserting this:. Thanks for alerting me, as the accidental edit would show up on every talk page that linked to the welcome. :) Regards, Sango  123  14:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. To archive, you can use this: User talk:ZachsMind/Archive1. As you get more messages, you can change the number '1' accordingly.

Re: Question about uploading an image
Hmm... I tried sorting through Image copyright tags, and the Promophoto tag seems promising. However, I'm not too familiar with the context of this website, so please check to see if the Promophoto tag could work (typing in  will produce the tag). Regards, Sango  123  15:08, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:ZachsMind/Archive1