text:
Talk:South African Premier Division

VFD Merge
The Inland Stream and Coastal Stream information was merged per vfd: could someone ensure that accurate (historical) information about these is included in the article? many thanks. -- Francs2000 | Talk 21:06, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Comments
Can someone please add a map with all the teams to the article. A map of SA with the 16 2010-11 teams locaions on it, I think that it would be a great addition to the article. I would love to do it, but don't know how. Crazydude22 (talk) 15:52, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

 * OK but we will need some help getting back into my account number 41.114.216.69 (talk) 22:18, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

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Fair use dispute
Is it really "fair" to have a gallery of so many copyrighted team logos? Why not just keep them in their relevant team articles?--Jusjih (talk) 04:00, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:51, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Current notable players proposal
Only players who have been a squad member at a FIFA sanctioned finals event (World Cup, AFCON, Confed Cup) should be included. Including every player with 1 or 2 friendly caps would make the list massive. Comments? Crazydude22 (talk) 09:10, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

Current Products
What is the criteria for the players listed in this section? A number of the players listed no longer play for clubs in other confederations.

Are we listing only those who are currently playing abroad (i.e. Pienaar, Serero, Claasen, etc) or also listing those who have previously played abroad (Gaxa, Okonkwo, Awal, etc)?

Would it be alright if I cleaned up this section, so that only players still played abroad are listed?

Kamg213 (talk) 13:00, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

 * It's gotten outdated, I think that it should only be players currently in other confederations. Crazydude22 (talk) 07:15, 10 October 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 12 March 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Number   5  7  10:44, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

South African Premier Division → Premier Soccer League Premier Division – The name "South African Premier Division was created purely for this page. The two divisions are the premier division and the first division, but the league's name is the premier soccer league. The most commonly used name for the division is the PSL, but the name Premier Soccer League is used for the entire league. I'd also propose that each division's season follow the policy would also follow the Currie Cup. Thus 2014-15 Premier Soccer League Premier Division Relisted -- Calidum  05:06, 24 March 2015 (UTC) Crazydude22 (talk) 11:27, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Note: This discussion has been included in WikiProject Football's list of association football-related page moves. GiantSnowman 16:01, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Far less recognisable to most readers. Should we relist and consider alternatives? Andrewa (talk) 16:40, 22 March 2015 (UTC)
 * I'd be open to alternatives, I feel that the current name is not suitable. Crazydude22 (talk) 12:42, 23 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Well then, have a good read of WP:AT, look for relevant evidence, form a conclusion on the best article name, and present it. Not an easy one I can see. Andrewa (talk) 16:20, 29 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Andrewa, happy to consider a re-name if a viable alternative can be proposed. GiantSnowman 16:01, 1 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment: Well, it has been relisted., any luck with alternatives? There seems tentative support for a rename to some other title, depending on what it is of course. Andrewa (talk) 20:06, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Merger proposal
This page should be merged with the Premier Soccer League. There is no such thing as the "South African Premier Division", it's the PSL (Premier Soccer League). The second tier is the National First Division (NFD), and both are administered by the National Soccer League (NSL). At some stage in the past, an editor mistook the PSL for the NSL, hence the current mess with many of the articles poorly named. Greenman (talk) 14:18, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose merge. My reading is that the National Soccer League (South Africa) existed until 1995, but following the merge with National Professional Soccer League (South Africa) the new body using the trading name Premier Soccer League was created. Looking that the 'about' page on the PSL website currently shows: "The Premier Soccer League (PSL) is the trading name of the National Soccer League (NSL)"

 * I agree that the official name may well be NSL, the name it is best known by (the trading name) is the PSL. Given the general Wikipedia policy of using the name best-known-by, it seems reasonable to keep the current page name. Given that National First Division had its own page, it also seems reasonable that the top-tier league, the South African Premier Division, should also have its own page. Klbrain (talk) 19:55, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Closed. Klbrain (talk) 10:55, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

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Reverting the major changes to the article
User talk:41.114.101.208 has done some major rework on this article (see these edits), but my reason for wanting to revert is that this article is about the top league, formed in 1996. It is not the place for a list of cup winners, nor the place for a list of champions from one of the multiple leagues run in parallel, and at one point based on racial classifications, before that. Since these changes were extensive, I'm asking for comment before reverting. Greenman (talk) 15:41, 2 March 2020 (UTC)
 * No objections, so changes have been reverted. Greenman (talk) 07:47, 16 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:South African Premier Division


text:
Irma Goldberg

Irma Goldberg (born 1871) was a Russian-born chemist. She was one of the first female organic chemists to have and sustain a successful career, her work even being quoted in her own name in standard textbooks.

Education
Born in Moscow to a Russian-Jewish family, she later traveled to Geneva in the 1890s to study chemistry at Geneva University.

Early research, Ullmann reaction
Her early research included the development of a process to remove sulfur and phosphorus from acetylene. Her first article on the derivatives of benzophenone, coauthored by German chemist Fritz Ullmann, was published in 1897. She also researched and wrote a paper (published in 1904) on using copper as a catalyst for the preparation of a phenyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid, a process known as the Ullmann reaction; Goldberg is the only woman scientist unambiguously recognized for her own named reaction: the amidation (Goldberg) reaction. This modification to previous forms of the method was a great improvement, and was extremely helpful for laboratory-scale preparations. She coordinated on other forms of chemistry research with her husband, Fritz Ullmann, in what they called the Ullmann-Goldberg collaborative.

Move to Berlin, synthetic dye research
In 1905, both Goldberg and Ullman moved to Technische Hochschule in Berlin. Goldberg's research, along with that of the Ullmann-Goldberg collaborative, was also a part of Germany's synthetic dye industry. Their research helped with the creation of the synthetic alizarin industry, or the process of replacing natural dye obtained from madder. In 1909, Goldberg also collaborated with Hermann Friedman to review German patents under BASF (Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik) and Bayer & Co. Farbenfabriken, providing notes on preparation for 114 dyes.

Marriage and later life
In 1910, Goldberg married Ullman. In 1923, they moved back to Geneva when Ullman accepted a faculty position at Geneva University.

Her exact death date is not known, but her name does appear at the top of a list of people signing a memorial notice in a Geneva newspaper for her deceased husband, Fritz Ullmann in 1939.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Irma Goldberg


text:
Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country

The Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement – New Country (Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik – Nuevo País) is a left-wing indigenist party in Ecuador. It was founded primarily as a way to advance the interests of a wide variety of indigenous peoples' organizations throughout Ecuador.

History
In the context of Ecuador's indigenous movement, Pachakutik emerged in 1995 after civil society mobilizations by large indigenous organizations such as CONAIE and CONFENAIE. These movements had previously espoused an abstentionist position in relation to electoral politics, but came together to form Coordinadora de Movimientos Sociales (Social Movement Cooperation, CMS) and then Pachakutik to serve as an alternative to the traditional cluster of political parties that had ruled Ecuadorian politics. However, the party is not formally affiliated with CONAIE.

Pachakutik is a term taken from the Quechua pacha, meaning "time and space" or "the world"; and kuti', meaning "upheaval" or "revolution". Its aim is not just to win elections but to initiate a democratic transformation of Ecuadorian society, centring on the neglected needs of the indigenous.

In 1996, its electoral strategy was to concentrate on areas where CONAIE or CMS were strong, but it was able to recruit TV personality Freddy Ehlers and CONAIE leader Luis Macas to its list, adding to its national prominence.

The party has been a topic of controversy among indigenous peoples throughout Ecuador because of its nature as a political party.

According to American-Venezuelan lawyer Eva Golinger, during the 2010 Ecuador coup d'état attempt, Pachakutik stated that President Rafael Correa was authoritarian and issued a press release opposing him and supporting police and army rebels. Golinger accused Pachakutik of having accepted funding from USAID and NED, and playing a role as part of a United States plan to destabilise Latin American democracies in the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA). Pachakutik denied "having any relationship at all with the organism known as USAID, previously NED, not today nor ever". Golinger responded by referring to a National Democratic Institute (NDI, one of the four institutes funded by NED) report from 2007 describing Pachakutik being trained by the NDI in "Triangle of Party Best Practices and strategic planning methodologies" as part of NDI's Latin American/Caribbean Political Party Network of over 1400 individual members, funded under NED Core Grants 2000-031, 2001-048, 2003-028, and 2004-036.

Political position
The party's core commitments are to environmentalism, social justice and indigenous rights to recognition and land.

One of the most determined adversaries of the Correa government is Marlon Santi (of the Amazonian Sarayaku people, president of CONAIE (2008-2011) and national coordinator of Pachakutik since 2016) described this eco-socialist position: "The development proposed by the national government is an aggressive development that fails to view Mother Earth as a space of life, or a space that generates life … We promote an alternative and progressive development that respects the rights of the environment, of human beings and of nature. The government, or the economic power, does not understand the model of life that the indigenous movement has launched regarding our spaces of life where also the majority of natural wealth is to be found, such as water, oil and minerals." According to left-wing Ecuadorian scholar Pablo Ospina Peralta, it is "a social movement that is diverse, popular, and multicultural. It has been forged in social mobilization, community resistance, and the chaotic and disorganized work of grassroots organizing."

The Rights of Nature: Sumak Kawsay
After lobbying by the four Pachakutik members of the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly, the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution enshrined the Quechua concept of Sumac Kawsay (buen vivir in Spanish, meaning "good living", signifying the rights of nature).

Electoral history
Pachakutik participated in the presidential elections of 1996 despite having only been formed a few months beforehand. In order to give a strong media boost to the party in their first presidential election, they recruited a former TV personality named Freddy Ehlers to represent the party on the highest national stage. Although Ehlers failed to win the election, he placed third with nearly twenty percent of the popular vote despite having less than five months to prepare his campaign. In addition, eight members of Pachakutik won seats as national deputies, including CONAIE president Luis Macas, and although they constituted less than ten percent of the seats in the National Congress of Ecuador, the presence of the party was undeniable. For the first time indigenous citizens of Ecuador were present in Congress, representing the interests of all groups throughout the country.

Pachakutik, along with a strong civil society effort by CONAIE and others, was instrumental in pushing for the new Ecuadorian Constitution in 1998 which, among other things, recognized the country as multi-cultural, paving the way for such reforms as bilingual education. Since the 1998 elections in which Pachakutik's amount of representation declined, the party has never quite reached its prior levels of support and has been unable to topple the majority of the Congress that does not share their views. It has been criticized by CONAIE for its ineffectiveness, leading to a coup d'état in 2000 organized by CONAIE in association with sympathetic members of the military. Although after only hours of taking the capital and instituting a three-man junta including CONAIE president Antonio Vargas the government dissipated, echoing CONAIE's frustration. Pachakutik has since distanced itself somewhat from CONAIE while still remaining intensely involved with gaining indigenous rights.

At the 2002 legislative elections, the party won at least 11 out of 100 seats. Its candidate Lucio Gutiérrez, member of the Patriotic Society Party 21 January won 20.3% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day and won the second round with 58.7%. After three months of government Gutierrez broke up its alliance with Pachakutik and he discharged its ministers. The party soon grew to despise him and publicly criticize him. In 2003 they even began to call for the removal of President Gutiérrez publicly in the media.

However, with Gutierrez out, the return of Luis Macas to the presidency of CONAIE and the opposition to the signature of an agreement of free trade with United States, they have been able to reunify to the movement.{

At the 2006 elections, the party won at least 6 out of 100 seats. Its candidate Luis Macas, obtained 2.19% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.

At the 2009 elections, the party had its worst results since its founding, but still maintains representation, with 4 seats out of 124 in National Assembly.

At the 2013 elections, the party won at least 5 out of 137 seats. Its candidate Alberto Acosta, obtained 3.26% of the vote in the presidential elections of the same day.

The party made significant electoral gains in 2021, winning 27 seats in the National Assembly. The good performance was partly owed due to their prominent role in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests. 2021 represented a breakthrough beyond indigenous voters, as it "struck a chord with young and disenchanted voters who responded to its call for greater protection of the environment and focus on gender issues."


text:
Serena (actress)

Serena (born February 20, 1951) is an American former pornographic actress. She was married to porn actor Jamie Gillis.

A teenage runaway, Serena was discovered by a make-up artist. She began by modelling for men's magazines, then moved on to film. She starred in over 110 pornographic films between 1975 and 1988, including Sweet Cakes (1976), Fantasm (1976), Fantasm Comes Again (1977), Sensual Encounters of Every Kind (1978), Honky Tonk Nights (1978), Dracula Sucks (aka Lust At First Bite) (1978), Summertime Blue (1979), Pleasure Palace (1979), Small Town Girls (1979) and Insatiable (1980).

Serena also made Accouplements pour voyeurs (1979), Le Droit de cuissage (1979) and Les Nymphomanes (shot 1979, released 1980) in France, and Glühende Haut (1979) and assorted loops in Germany.

Playboy magazine published an interview with Serena in 1978, together with other "top adult performers". In 1976, she appeared in the film Body of My Enemy, as Frida de Düsseldorf, an amazing stripper. In 1979, she appeared in the film Hardcore in an uncredited role. She has dated Warren Beatty.

She is currently going by the name Serena Czarnecki, lives in the San Francisco Bay Area working as a painter, writer, poet, and textile artist.

Serena was inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame as a "film pioneer".

Additional references

 * Interviews
 * Hustler (USA) July 1983, by: Jamie Gillis & Lisa DeLeeuw, "Are Porn Stars Really Good in Bed?"
 * High Society (USA) March 1983, "What Ever Happened to Serena?"
 * Adult Cinema Review (USA) January 1983, Vol. 2, Iss. 7, pg. 38+40+42+44-46+48+86-88, by: Sindi Sorrell, "Serena's Scrapbook: Staying *Saucy in Sausalito--The retired Queen of Kink regales our editor with lustful tales of yore."
 * Adult FYI - Conversations with Serena (USA) 1/9/2007
 * Grindhouse Panel Cinema Wasteland April 2014
 * Rialto Reports - Serena: Hippie, Kinky, Teenage Cruiser – Podcast 39 20th July 2014
 * Art Decades April 2015 Issue 3

 * Articles
 * Metasex (USA) 2001, Vol. 1, Iss. 4, pg. 54–55, by: Michelle Clifford, "The Dynamic Duo, Serena and Jamie Gillis"
 * Cinema-X Review (USA) March 1981, Vol. 2, Iss. 3, pg. 24–26, by: Serena, "Serena Shares Serena"

 * Pictorial
 * High Society (USA) March 1991, "Porn Star Hall of Fame"
 * High Society (USA) May 1986
 * The Very Best of High Society (USA) 1986, Vol. 1, Iss. 4, pg. 81–86, "Serena: Brush Strokes"
 * Eros Sex Stars (USA) February 1985, Vol. 1, Iss. 5, pg. 23–29, by: The POM Agency, "Her Highness Serena"
 * Mr. February (USA) February 1984
 * Expose! (USA) September 1983, Vol. 3, Iss. 7, pg. 46–53, by: n/a, "Serena"
 * Erotic Film Guide (USA) July 1983, Vol. 1, Iss. 7, pg. 20–25, by: Sneed Hearn, "Serena & Jamie: together again"
 * Eros (USA) May 1983
 * High Society (USA) April 1983, by: Bruce Kennedy
 * Mr. April (USA) April 1983
 * High Society (USA) March 1983, by: Don Lau, "What Ever Happened to Serena?"
 * Adult Cinema Review (USA) January 1983, Vol. 2, Iss. 7, pg. 38–51, "Serena's Scrapbook: Staying Saucy in Sausalito..."
 * Harvey (USA) December 1981
 * Velvet Talks (USA) August 1981
 * Eros (USA) May 1981
 * Playboy (USA) November 1980, Vol. 27, Iss. 11, pg. 180, by: Arthur Knight, "Sex In Cinema 1980"
 * Club (USA) August 1980, by: Serge Jacques
 * Cinema-X Review (USA) April 1980, Vol. 1, Iss. 4, pg. 49–53, by: Ted Snyder, "Serena"
 * Playboy (USA) November 1979, Vol. 26, Iss. 11, pg. 180, by: Arthur Knight, "Sex In Cinema 1979"
 * Playboy (USA) December 1978, Vol. 25, Iss. 12, pg. 245, by: Jim Harwood, "Sex Stars Of 1978"
 * Mr. November (USA) November 1978
 * Playboy (USA) July 1977, Vol. 24, Iss. 7, pg. 136, "The New Girls Of Porn"
 * Pix (USA) June 1975, Vol. 1, Iss. 6
 * Serena in 1976: Super Woman (USA) 1976
 * The Flat on Polk Street: Serena, Jamie, and Lysa in Shangri-La (USA) 1979
 * Lesllie Bovee and Serena at the Melody Burlesk: The Polaroids (USA) 1978 or later

 * Magazine cover photo
 * Erotic Film Guide (USA) July 1983, Vol. 1, Iss. 7
 * Eros (USA) May 1983
 * Cinema-X Review (USA) April 1980, Vol. 1, Iss. 4
 * Pix (USA) June 1975, Vol. 1, Iss. 6
 * Beaver Fever (USA) 1975

 * Bibliography
 * Bright Lights, Lonely Nights - The Memories of Serena, Porn Star Pioneer of the 1970s (USA) 2014
 * Backstage Girls (USA) 2018
 * Poems From Mt. Tam (USA) 2019
 * Polk Street (USA) 2021
 * Stars In Our Eyes: An Unauthorized Biography (USA) 2021
 * Songs Of Silence (USA) 2022

title: Serena (actress)


text: User talk:70.16.174.4

title: User talk:70.16.174.4


text:
Awwam ibn Khuwaylid

ʿAwwām ibn Khuwaylid (العوام بن خويلد) was an Arab Qurayshi soldier who died in the Fijar Wars. According to a Shia narration, his father Khuwaylid ibn Asad adopted Awwam in Egypt. He was a member of the Asad tribe from the Banu Quraysh and the brother of Islamic prophet Muhammad's wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid.

Awwam was the spouse of Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib and they had five children:
 * the companion Zubayr ibn al-Awwam,
 * Saaib ibn al-Awwām
 * Hind bint al-Awwam, spouse of Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi, the adoptive son of Muhammad
 * Abdulkaaba ibn al-Awwam.
 * Zaynab bint al-Awwam, spouse of her cousin, Hakim ibn Hizam ibn Khuwaylid

title: Awwam ibn Khuwaylid


text:
Solid Serenade

Solid Serenade is a 1946 one-reel animated cartoon and is the 26th Tom and Jerry short, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on August 31, 1946 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. It was produced by Fred Quimby, directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, and the musical supervision was by Scott Bradley. Ed Barge, Michael Lah, and Kenneth Muse animated it. Excerpts of this cartoon are seen in three other Tom and Jerry shorts: Jerry's Diary, Smitten Kitten, and Smarty Cat, the latter instance with altered audio and an added scene of Tom whistling.

Plot
In a backyard is a doghouse labeled "Killer" with the dog (Spike) inside. Tom pokes his head over the wall and spots Toodles in the window. Tom has brought a string instrument (which appears to be a hybrid of a double bass and a cello). He leaps over the fence and neutralizes Spike by whistling at him and hitting him on the head with a mallet and tying him up. Tom then uses the cello like a pogo stick to jump his way over to the window, stopping to flick Spike's nose along the way.

Tom performs "Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby" to Toodles, which wakes Jerry, who was sleeping inside his mousehole (located in a mail box). Annoyed by the sounds, he pokes out of the mail slot and spots Tom playing the instrument. He goes back to his bed and covers himself with the pillow, however the sound waves from the instrument shake Jerry's mousehole, causing Jerry to fall out of bed (while still trying to cover his ears) and vibrate his way under a table, meanwhile a flower pot is vibrated across the table directly above Jerry's head and falls on him when both reach the edge of the table. Outside, Tom uses the instrument as a bow to shoot himself to Spike, who is still tied up, tortures the dog by plucking its mouth, and runs back to the string instrument. The camera goes back inside Jerry's mousehole, whose stuff is messed up and broken by the vibration. Jerry continues being moved to under the mail hole's lid right before a match holding it falls, making the lid slam Jerry. Having had enough, Jerry throws off his nightcap, goes out of the mousehole to the kitchen and decides to get revenge by stuffing an iron into a pie which he then hurls at Tom through an open window; the cat is angered, but continues with a few more bars. Seconds later, he is hit in the face again – this time with a pie covered in whipped cream. Spotting Jerry, Tom chases him through the house.

Both animals dive off an ironing board; with Jerry ahead of Tom, Jerry drains the kitchen sink he landed in, leaving Tom to crash into the crockery. Tom follows Jerry through the open window, but Jerry pulls the window stop out of the window, which falls on Tom's neck, and Tom shrieks in pain. Jerry then runs out and unties Spike, who lets out a loud bull roar. Spike swaps his regular teeth for larger ones, blows off some pent-up steam, and goes after Tom.

Tom ducks as Spike's teeth come at him, which instead get lodged in a tree trunk. Tom then barely avoids getting his tail bitten and hides behind a wall, holding a brick up ready to attack. Spike sees the brick and investigates, but gets knocked on the head with it. Jerry revives Spike by hitting him with a wooden plank on his rear end. After slamming Spike, Spike leaps high in the air screaming in pain just as Jerry hands off the board to Tom, framing the cat.

Knowing he is in trouble, Tom tricks Spike into believing the board is a stick by playing "fetch". Spike obliges and fetches but then realizes he's been tricked. Tom and Spike then begin a back and forth chase with Toodles Galore watching on. Tom stops periodically to kiss the cat. Catching on to this habit, Spike blocks Tom from kissing Toodles on the third pass. Tom does not realize he is being tricked and woos Spike in a Charles Boyer voice, thinking it's Toodles (through archive lines from The Zoot Cat), but stops his speech abruptly when he sees the female cat dumbstruck. Realizing his mistake, he slams Spike's head onto the ground.

Tom hides from Spike's rampage until Jerry walks around the corner; he chases Jerry into Spike's house, closing the door with a maniacal laugh and Dracula leer. A second later, the door opens and Jerry emerges with Spike helping him out of the doghouse, Spike then does exactly the same Tom did as he withdraws inside. The entire dog house thrashes about as Spike beats up Tom, who attempts to flee only to be snatched by Spike. Tom manages to write his last will before he's wrenched back in and beaten to within an inch of his life. In the end, Tom becomes part of his instrument in place of the strings with Spike strumming the cat's tail while Jerry bows a dramatic ostinato on Tom's whiskers and Toodles watches.

Voice cast

 * William Hanna as Tom, Jerry and Toodles
 * Ira "Buck" Woods as Tom (singing)
 * Earl Keen as Killer (Spike) (barking)
 * Harry E. Lang as Tom (speaking)
 * Jerry Mann as Tom (speaking; archive recording)
 * Billy Bletcher as Killer (Spike) and Tom (laughing)

Production

 * Directed by: William Hanna and Joseph Barbera
 * Story: William Hanna, Joseph Barbera
 * Animation: Ed Barge, Michael Lah, Kenneth Muse
 * Additional Animation: Ray Patterson, Pete Burness
 * Music: Scott Bradley
 * Co-Producer: William Hanna
 * Produced by: Fred Quimby

Availability
The short was included on several DVDs: Tom and Jerry's Greatest Chases, Vol. 1; Tom and Jerry Spotlight Collection Vol. 1, Disc One; and Tom and Jerry Golden Collection Volume One, Disc Two.

Reception
Animation historian Michael Barrier wrote that Tom's appearance stabilized by the time of Solid Serenade, giving him a more streamlined and less inconsistent look. Jerry, whose appearance was already economical, only became cuter, according to Barrier. Describing music director Scott Bradley's work, academic Daniel Ira Goldmark called Solid Serenade "an excellent overview of Bradley's techniques", as it uses both popular songs and an original score.

title: Solid Serenade


text:
William le Gros, Earl of York

William le Gros, William le Gras, William d'Aumale, William Crassus (died 20 August 1179) was Earl of York and Lord of Holderness in the English peerage and the Count of Aumale in France. He was the eldest son of Stephen, Count of Aumale, and his spouse, Hawise, daughter of Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore.

William witnessed two charters of King Stephen in 1136, in which he is recorded as Willelmus de Albamarla, but is not placed among the earls. He distinguished himself at the Battle of the Standard in 1138, and was made Earl of York (apart from Richmondshire) as his reward. He was with Stephen in his defeat at Lincoln on 2 February 1141. His Scarborough Castle was forfeited to King Henry II as a result of unauthorised construction during the Anarchy.

He founded the Abbey of Meaux in 1150. He was intombed within the Abbey of Thornton, Lincolnshire, which he had founded in 1139.

William married Cicely, Lady of Skipton, the daughter and co-heir of William Fitz-Duncan by his spouse Alice, Lady of Skipton, daughter of William Meschin, Lord of Copeland. As "lady of Harewood" she brought him vast estates. Dying without male issue, he left a daughter and heiress, Hawise (died 11 March 1214), who succeeded her father in the County of Aumale and Lordship of Holderness.

Hawise married three times, firstly, on 14 January 1180, William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex. He died without issue 14 January 1189. She married secondly after 3 July 1190, the crusader William de Forz (died 1195), by whom she had her heir and successor. Thirdly, Richard I gave her in marriage to Baldwin of Bethune. All three husbands gained from her the title of Count of Aumale.

title: William le Gros, Earl of York


text: User talk:63.193.9.8

title: User talk:63.193.9.8


text:
America Is in the Heart

America Is in the Heart, sometimes subtitled A Personal History, is a 1946 semi-autobiographical novel written by Filipino American immigrant poet, fiction writer, short story teller, and activist, Carlos Bulosan. The novel was one of the earliest published books that presented the experiences of the immigrant and working class based on an Asian American point of view and has been regarded as "[t]he premier text of the Filipino-American experience." In his introduction, journalist Carey McWilliams, who wrote a 1939 study about migrant farm labor in California (Factories in the Field), described America Is in the Heart as a “social classic” that reflected on the experiences of Filipino immigrants in America who were searching for the “promises of a better life”.

Plot
Born in 1913, Bulosan recounts his boyhood in the Philippines. The early chapters describe his life as a Filipino farmer "plowing with a carabao". Bulosan was the fourth oldest son of the family. As a young Filipino, he once lived on the farm tended by his father, while his mother was separately living in a barrio in Binalonan, Pangasinan, together with Bulosan's brother and sister. Their hardships included pawning their land and having to sell items in order to finish the schooling of his brother Macario. He had another brother named Leon, a soldier who came back after fighting in Europe.

Bulosan's narration about his life in the Philippines was followed by his journey to the United States. He recounted how he immigrated to America in 1930. He retells the struggles, prejudice, and injustice he and other Filipinos had endured in the United States, first while in the Northwestern fisheries then later in California. These included his experiences as a migrant and laborer in the rural West.

Themes
Bulosan's America Is in the Heart is one of the few books that detail the migrant workers' struggles in the United States during the 1930s through the 1940s, a time when signs like "Dogs and Filipinos not allowed" were common. The struggles included "beatings, threats, and ill health". In this book, Bulosan also narrated his attempts to establish a labor union. Bulosan's book had been compared to The Grapes of Wrath except that the main and real characters were brown-skinned. Despite the bitterness however, Bulosan reveals in the final pages of the book that because he loved America no one could ever destroy his faith in his new country. In this personal literature, Bulosan argued that despite the suffering and abuses he experienced, America was an unfinished "ideal in which everyone must invest (...) time and energy, (...) this outlook leaves us with a feeling of hope for the future instead of bitter defeat." According to Carlos P. Romulo when he was interviewed by The New York Times, Bulosan wrote America Is in the Heart with "bitterness" in his heart and blood yet with the purpose of contributing "something toward the final fulfillment of America".

Through America Is in the Heart, Bulosan was able to share a unique perspective on Asian life in the United States in general, but particularly that of Filipino-Americans during the first half of the 20th century. It is a book that encourages people of all races and genders to ponder and improve their relationships with one another.

Publication history
After the 1946 printing, America Is in the Heart was republished by the University of Washington Press in 1973. Because of its subtitle "A Personal History", America Is in the Heart is regarded as an autobiography but – according to P.C. Morantte (Bulosan's friend)  – had to be "fictionalized" by Bulosan, imbibing the book with real characters. Thus it was described by one character in the book's original draft as "30% autobiography, 40% case history of Pinoy (Filipino immigrant) life in America, and 30% fiction".

Great Depression
As can be evidenced by Carlos Bulosan’s America Is in the Heart, the life of a Filipino migrant worker during the Great Depression was anything but easy. In reality, the life of any Filipino in the United States during this time period was “lonely” and “damned,” as Bulosan described in a letter to a friend. When he and his friend José arrived in California in 1930, “the lives of Filipinos were cheaper than those of dogs.” As the Filipino population grew and the Great Depression worsened, the anti-Filipino movement flourished. This attitude towards Bulosan and his people was led by the same forces that previously condemned the Chinese and the Japanese, and in 1928, the American Federation of Labor encouraged an “exclusion” of the race, which was warmly received in Congress. Despite the fact that most of these immigrants were modernized and able to speak more than one European language, there was a persistent tendency to portray them not only as primitive savages but also sexual threats against white women.

The anti-Filipino sentiment that plagued the American mindset during this time period can be observed in a few separate events. The most violent and well known incident occurred in California in 1930: four hundred white vigilantes attacked a Filipino night club, injuring dozens and killing one. In 1933, California and twelve other state legislatures restricted Filipino-white marriages. Lastly, in 1935 the Welch Bill volunteered a fixed sum of cash to pay for the fare of Filipinos who would voluntarily go back to the Philippines. Events such as these prove the anti-Filipino sentiment that afflicted Carlos Bulosan and the rest of the Filipino population.

Without the tribulations of a migrant life during the Great Depression, Bulosan would not have been compelled to write down his thoughts, nor would he have aligned so heavily with the Communist party. The Great Depression in western America was the cause of strong bonds between culture groups and families and further fueled the racial tensions between the white farm owners and the migrant workers. As documented in Bulosan's novel, “fraternity is not limited to biological brothers; the network of young migrant men from the same region serves not only as a microcosm of the Filipino community, but as a gallery of alternative lives and fates…” Because of this connection, when Carlos’ brothers and fellow Filipino workers began to join the Communist party, the only logical response was to follow suit.

Bulosan's novel compares to other works written by authors who lived through the Great Depression in that the combination of a strong racial identity and the exposure to the harsh working environments caused the protagonist to desire something more from life. Bulosan “came to represent the ‘voice of Bataan’,” because of this strong desire, fueled by the obstacles caused by the Great Depression. Bulosan's writings reached a wide audience, many of whom were feeling similar strife due to the state of the nation’s economy. The agriculture community in the West, especially in California, was characterized by a deficit in jobs and a life of transience. Bulosan’s writing provides an accurate first-hand description of the uncertainty of a migrant’s life, and while there is speculation about the amount of truth in his writing, one cannot deny that he was exposed first-hand to the struggles of The Great Depression.

Bulosan's message
America Is in the Heart serves as a piece of activist literature. It sheds light on the racial and class issues that affected Filipino immigrants throughout the beginning of the twentieth century. The autobiography attempts to show Filipino Americans the structure of American society and the oppression inflicted upon Filipino’s living in America. E. San Juan, Jr., in “Carlos Bulosan, Filipino Writer-Activist”, states, “American administrators, social scientist, intellectuals, and others made sense of Filipinos: we were (like American Indians) savages, half childish primitives, or innocuous animals that can be either civilized with rigorous tutelage or else slaughtered outright”. In America Is in the Heart, Bulosan properly shows the reader the animalistic treatment that was inflicted upon the Filipino's on the west coast. Bulosan states, “At that time, there was ruthless persecution of the Filipinos throughout the Pacific Coast”. He wants Filipinos and even white Americans to realize the harmful treatment of Filipinos and the problems of society.

Bulosan continues his activism through irony in his novel. “Behind the triumphant invocation of a mythical 'America' linger the unforgettable images of violence, panicked escape, horrible mutilation, and death in Bulosan’s works”. Throughout his novel, Bulosan mentions the death and violence that is inflicted upon Filipino immigrants. After being informed of a labor camp being burned down, he states, “I understood it to be a racial issue, because everywhere I went I saw white men attacking Filipinos”. He later stated, “Why was America so kind and yet so cruel?” Though America was supposed to be a place of freedom and kindness for Filipino Americans to escape to, Filipinos were treated like savages and were oppressed by white Americans. Bulosan makes this clear in his novel in order to present these problems to society.

Influence on later Filipino-American writers
Throughout his career, Carlos Bulosan has provided examples of the Filipino American identity that affected future Filipino American and the issues they approached. In 1942, Chorus For America: Six Filipino Poets became the first Filipino poetry anthology published in America. It was based on the works of Bulosan and five other poets. At a time when Asians were being persecuted in America, Bulosan was attempting to distinguish Filipino-Americans from the umbrella term “Asian-American”. America Is in the Heart speaks to this struggle to retain one's identity in a new world. The graphic and gritty description of the Filipino town Bibalonan shocked the readers into realizing its distinction. It is a “damned town” where women are stoned to death and babies are left unwanted by the wayside. America Is in the Heart described the indelible mark a person's background has on his or her life, highlighting the failures of generalizing racial identities.

Ironically, it is Bulosan's success and America Is in the Heart’s dominance in the study of Filipino-American literature that may have a greater impact of then his actual words. There is great debate whether the agenda for Filipino American writers should be, “to exile themselves from the home country or to accept the status of a hyphenated American or to find a bridge between the two.” King-Kok Cheung believes that Bulosan is so celebrated due to a lack of attention to Filipino American writers “whose exilic writings did not fit with the immigrant ethos” of America. One of Bulosan's most important themes as a writer was the importance to find one's identity in America. Bulosan reveals his faith and love for America in the end of America Is in the Heart. This sentiment is repeated in an essay entitled Be American, where Bulosan described American citizenship as a “most cherished dream”. Even if his writing did seem more conducive to the accepted image of immigrants, Bulosan opened the door for later writers to push the envelope of acceptance. Filipino-American writers of more recent years, such as Ninotchka Rosca and Linda Ty-Casper, have continued to highlight the complexity of a totally unified Filipino-American identity.

title: America Is in the Heart


text:
Ottavio Assarotti

Ottavio Giovanni Battista Assarotti (25 October 1753, in Genoa – 24 January 1829) was an Italian philanthropist and founder of the first school for deaf people in Italy.

Life
After qualifying himself for the church, he entered the society of the Piarists, Padri of the "Scuole Pie", who devoted themselves to the training of the young. In 1801 he heard of the Abbe Sicard's education of deaf people in Paris, and resolved to do something similar in Italy. He began with one pupil, and by degrees collected a small number around him.

In 1805, Napoleon, hearing of his endeavors, ordered a convent to give him a school-house and funds for supporting twelve scholars, to be taken from the convent revenues. This order was poorly attended to until 1811, when it was renewed, and the following year Assarotti, with a considerable number of pupils, took possession of the new school. He continued there until his death in 1829. A pension, which had been awarded him by the king of Sardinia, was bequeathed to his scholars.

He introduced a version of methodical signing.

title: Ottavio Assarotti


text:
Camille Meyer

Camille Meyer ( Donatacci, formerly Grammer, born September 12, 1968) is an American actress, dancer, model, and television personality. She is known for appearing on several seasons of the reality television show, The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills.

Meyer started her career as a dancer, model and actress, and worked as a producer and writer for Grammnet Productions. From 1997 to 2011, she was married to actor Kelsey Grammer.

Early life
Meyer was born in Newport Beach, California and grew up in Cedar Grove, New Jersey. She studied English literature at Montclair State College in New Jersey, attending New York University and the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television in Los Angeles.

Career
Meyer started her career as a dancer in the 1980s, working on Club MTV, starring in a dance group performing at the Tavern on the Green in New York City, and appearing in several music videos, including "Give It All You Got" by Rights of The Accused, "The Party Starts Now!" by Manitoba's Wild Kingdom, and "Back to the Grill Again" by MC Serch. In the 1990s, she started working as a model and actress as well, modeling in Playboy publications like Playboy's Book of Lingerie, and appearing in R-rated erotic films such as Marilyn Chambers' Bedtime Stories, New York Nights and The Naked Detective. She also had small roles in mainstream films Private Parts and Deconstructing Harry, in addition to her guest appearance in one episode of Frasier.

She owns half of Grammnet Productions, which has produced a number of television shows from the late 1990s through 2010s, including Girlfriends, Medium and The Game. Within the production company, Meyer has worked as a creator, writer and executive producer.

In 2010, she became one of the original cast members of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills. While no longer a main cast member of the show, she has appeared as a part-time cast member and as a guest in several seasons since. The January 13, 2011 episode of the show, in which she revealed that her husband wanted to leave their marriage, was the No. 1 telecast among adults 18–49 against all cable competition in its timeslot, as well as the highest-rated episode of the season among all viewers. In addition, the Watch What Happens Live! episode featuring Camille Donatacci Meyer as a guest right after the show, outperformed all late night cable talk shows that night.

In 2011, Meyer returned to acting, guest-starring on the season finale of the CBS sitcom $#*! My Dad Says, playing a recently-divorced reality star named Camille. Describing her role, Meyer said: "My character Camille is basically a parody on myself, obviously, from 'Housewives of Beverly Hills.' Just making fun of it, you know, making fun of all the quirky things I do and say." On whether she is pursuing a full-time acting career, Meyer said: "I studied acting years ago. It was kind of a dream I had years ago, but I gave that up when I got married and had children. I'm not pursuing this. I'd definitely have to go back and take some acting classes if I was! But I have to say, my experience was very enjoyable and of course it would be something I would love to do. It's so much fun to work with such talented people and be involved in the creative process."

Meyer has also made other appearances in various events, such as co-hosting the Showbiz Tonight special on CNN live from the Academy Awards in Los Angeles and presenting at the 2011 NHL Awards in Las Vegas.

In March 2012, it was announced that Meyer would not return for the third season of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills for personal reasons. In May 2012, while on the red carpet attending the Race to Erase MS gala, she then stated that she will be returning to the show after all. She did not return to the show as a full time cast member, instead she appeared as a part-time cast member.

Meyer is set to star in the fifth season of The Real Housewives Ultimate Girls Trip, a spin-off featuring various women from The Real Housewives franchise, taking place in Marrakesh, Morocco and set to premiere in 2024.

Personal life
Camille met actor Kelsey Grammer in 1996, and they married in Malibu, California in 1997. They have two children, both born via a surrogate mother. In July 2010, she filed for divorce, seeking primary physical custody of the couple's daughter and son, in addition to child support and alimony. The divorce was finalized on February 10, 2011.

After her divorce, she began dating fitness trainer and lawyer Dimitri Charalambopoulos. On October 29, 2013, she filed a domestic violence protective order against Charalambopoulos, saying that he assaulted her two days after her radical hysterectomy for endometrial cancer, when she was staying at Hotel Zaza in Houston, Texas, recovering. The Houston Police Department said that she and Charalambopoulos "broke each other's cell phones" and that her injuries were minor, so no charges have been filed against Charalambopoulos.

In October 2017, Meyer became engaged to attorney David C. Meyer. They were married on October 20, 2018, in Hawaii.

Her Malibu home was destroyed in the deadly 2018 Woolsey Fire.

title: Camille Meyer


text:
Talk:Guadeloupe/Geography

Why is this sub-page here? It is meaningless. — DanMS 21:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guadeloupe/Geography


text:
Philippe Adjutor Talbot

Philippe Adjutor Talbot (November 11, 1879 – March 8, 1967) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1936, and was Speaker of the Assembly from 1923 to 1936. His name sometimes appears as Peter Talbot.

Talbot was born at St. Pierre du Sud, in the county of Montmagny, Québec, the son of Elzear Talbot and Delina Bacon, and was educated at St. Ferdinand d'Halifax College. Talbot first worked as a telegraph operator and was employed with the Canadian National Railway until 1906. He was a broker and a director of Canadian Agencies Limited and Northern Supply Co., Ltd. Talbot was a business partner of Aimé Bénard. In 1913, he married Charlotte Duguet.

He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, as a candidate of the Manitoba Liberal Party in La Verendrye. He lost to Conservative Jean-Baptiste Lauzon by 228 votes. He ran again in the 1915 election, and defeated Lauzon by 155 votes amid a provincial Liberal landslide.

Talbot initially served as a backbench supporter of Tobias Norris's ministry, but later left the party to become an independent member over the Manitoba Schools question. He was re-elected as an independent in the 1920 provincial election, defeating Farmer candidate L.R. Magnum by 314 votes. He became affiliated with the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) after this election, and was re-elected under the UFM banner in the 1922 provincial election. The UFM unexpectedly won a majority of seats, and formed government as the Progressive Party. Talbot was named as Speaker of the Legislature when it met on January 18, 1923, and continued in this office for the next thirteen years.

Talbot was re-elected without difficulty in the 1927 provincial election. In 1932, the Progressive Party formed an electoral alliance with the Liberal Party, and government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives". Talbot was narrowly returned in the 1932 campaign, defeating Conservative R.J.E. Arpin by only 76 votes. He did not seek re-election in 1936.

From 1937 to 1948, he served as clerk of the Executive Council.

title: Philippe Adjutor Talbot


text:
Category:Five Families

This is a category for the New York organized crime groups known as the Five Families.

title: Category:Five Families


text:
Unconditional Love (2002 film)

Unconditional Love is a 2002 American mid-life re-invention comedy film co-written and directed by P. J. Hogan ("My Best Friend's Wedding") and starring Kathy Bates, Rupert Everett, Dan Aykroyd, and Meredith Eaton. The film follows Grace Beasley, an archetypal timid and repressed homemaker who, in the wake of a sudden, unexpected marital separation and her favorite pop star's untimely death, takes a plane to England to attend the entertainer's funeral. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 23 August 2002.

Plot
Grace Beasley has been content with life as a housewife. One morning, Grace wins tickets to a concert by her favorite singer. Grace is ecstatic, but soon learns her husband is leaving her, and also that her son is leaving his wife. Grace arrives at the concert, only to learn it has been cancelled due to the murder of the singer. Grace decides to travel to England for the singer's funeral. She soon meets the closeted singer's former lover and they plot to secretly change his burial clothing to his beloved pink bathrobe. Grace and Dirk then leave for Chicago and track down and kill the Cross Bow Killer, who has been murdering singers. The adventure transforms Grace, and she faces the problems of her marriage with a new outlook on the meaning of love.

Cast

 * Kathy Bates as Grace Beasley
 * Rupert Everett as Dirk Simpson
 * Meredith Eaton as Maudey
 * Lynn Redgrave as Nola Fox
 * Stephanie Beacham as Harriet Fox-Smith
 * Richard Briers as Barry Moore
 * Dan Aykroyd as Max Beasley
 * Jonathan Pryce as Victor Fox
 * Pat Finn as Keith
 * Peter Sarsgaard as Window Washer
 * Barry Manilow as himself
 * Julie Andrews as herself

Critical reception
The film was shot in late 1999 and early 2000 in Chicago and England, but New Line Cinema continually postponed the American release, leaving the film on the shelf until finally premiering it on the Starz network in August 2003 and then sending it direct-to-DVD that October. The film has generally received negative reviews from film critics.

Christopher Null wrote, "It's a sloppy mishmash of stories...none of which stand on their own and which crash disastrously when combined. Bates comes off as dippy and distant. Everett comes of [sic] as mean and crusty. Pryce is just inexplicable with a gray pompadour and blue sequins. And Manilow rocks. Er..."

Jason Bovberg had slightly kinder things to say about the film. "As a dark comedy, Unconditional Love can be occasionally effective. There are a few moments in this film that had me laughing quite hysterically. Merely the sight of Jonathan Pryce shuffle-dancing through clouds over the opening credits loads the film with promise. And Meredith Eaton as Maudey steals every scene she's in. But in the end, you can't escape the fact that Bates has difficulty carrying this movie and in fact, doesn't seem to really understand the type of film she's in."

DVD
The film is available on DVD and includes the film's trailer, and a deleted scene.

title: Unconditional Love (2002 film)


text:
Talk:Tombstone (film)

No proof that Kurt Russel ghost directed this film
There is no proof that Kurt Russel ghost directed this film. No one has backed up his claim, not one person. The real director is dead, and in my opinion this is tantamount to defaming the dead, and has no place on Wikipedia. If this claim is true, then it should be easy to prove it. But not one agrees with Russel that he directed the film "from the sidelines." Perhaps his claim is true, but until a reference can be provided, this claim, while interesting, does not belong it the articles introduction. Considered one of the greatest westerns ever made, it's distasteful to imply that someone else directed your film; the director is dead and can't defend himself. Find a reference backing up this claim, other than Russel himself. --Nikoz78 (talk) 16:11, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

I've read the Russell interview and my feeling is that Kurt confused the duties of a director and a producer; what he claimed to do is, essentially, a producer's job. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.78.200.48 (talk) 18:25, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

Filming
Source not found. "http://www.truewestmagazine.com/jcontent/entertainment/entertainment/western-movies/2787-the-western-godfather" link goes to "We are sorry. But the page you are looking for cannot be found." 70.171.111.130 (talk) 06:15, 16 May 2016 (UTC)

Editing dispute August 2017
A dispute has arisen over the addition of an internal link to the non-existent article Peter Sherayko. Put simply, the redlink should exist per WP:REDLINK to "serve as a clear indication of which articles are in need of creation, and encourage it." - two other articles already redlink to Peter Sherayko who is demonstrably an actor who has appeared in several prominent productions and may warrant a biographical article in the future. Per the policy: "Do not remove red links unless you are certain that Wikipedia should not have an article on that subject."

Thus far, I have been repeatedly reverted with no attempt to engage in discussion and no rationale other than dubious reasoning, you are the one who needs to give a reason and Per BRD, it is your obligation to explain your edits on the talk page, not mine.

As part of this dispute, I've been threatened with being blocked for vandalism by TheOldJacobite, an individual who has been blocked several times for edit-warring, and threatened with being blocked for edit-warring by Doniago, an individual who "is not an admin but would like to be some day". I have also now read WP:BRD and know it is an essay not a policy and does not give an editor carte blanche to impose his favoured page revision with no reference to policies or guidelines.

I would also recommend that TheOldJacobite and Doniago exercise some common-sense and refrain from tossing out warning and threats to individuals who obviously do not have a fixed IP address - if I actually was the vandal which they have treated me like then I would be merrily trolling away while they were still trying to block an IP which had been abandoned days before. 79.72.143.90 (talk) 06:56, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

 * That other articles have the same redlink is irrelevant. The onus is on you to prove that he is notable enough to deserve an article – WP:REDLINK does not encourage simply creating redlinks randomly, because that would not be helpful.  The idea is to encourage articles on notable topics.  You have not even attempted to indicate, much less prove, that Sherayko is deserving of an article or than an article is likely to be written.  Indeed, if you are so cocksure, why don't you write an article about him and see if it passes muster. ---  The Old Jacobite   The '45  12:47, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * No. WP:REDLINK is very clear and I have quoted the relevent passages on this talkpage and linked to the guideline in my edit summaries. "Do not remove red links unless you are certain that Wikipedia should not have an article on that subject.". I have already stated why an article may be written in the future and you have offered no explanation why you are certain this will never occur. I am not required to write an article to "prove" anything. You have offered no policy-based argument to back-up your stance, other than your attempt to claim that WP:BRD somehow makes your edits the final word. 79.72.143.90 (talk) 16:57, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

 * As I noted on my Talk page when Jacobite approached me to review this, I feel both you and Jacobite were editing in poor form on this article, and the only reason I didn't give J a warning for edit-warring as well was that I explicitly told J that if they edited this part of the article again I would do so; in other words, I am not playing favorites here. BRD may be an essay, but I also believe it's "best practice", and certainly the ping-pong match you two got into was completely unproductive. One of you should have taken the high road and initiated this discussion before I forced the matter.
 * The easiest way to resolve this would be to build an article for Sherayko, obviating the need for a redlink. If no editor is willing/able to do so, then that suggests to me that a redlink may not be appropriate. At this point even evidence (links, etc) establishing that Sherayko likely deserves an article would constitute progress. DonIago (talk) 16:18, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * You engaged TheOldJacobite in discussion and made no effort to do the same with me. And your only involvement has been to try and enforce his favoured edit. And I would argue that the one "taking the high road" should be the one who trumpets his awards on his user page and has been editing for a decade. Anyway, the entire point of WP:REDLINK is that an article doesn't need to be created to warrant an internal link. I've already stated that a couple of articles already redlink to Peter Sherayko. A cursory IMDB search reveals 63 acting credits, so I would suppose a lot more redlinks could be created if one was inclined. 79.72.143.90 (talk) 17:13, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Jacobite approached me for a second opinion, I didn't approach them. You similarly could have requested assistance here or at WT:FILM, for instance, and opted not to do so. I think I've made it abundantly clear at this point that I am looking to establish a consensus and am not favoring Jacobite's feelings on the matter; I'm sorry if you feel otherwise. "A couple of articles" redlinking an actor doesn't establish their notability, nor does an IMDb entry (for instance, perhaps all 63 of those roles were extremely minor). Can you provide even one source to establish that the actor has received significant coverage? DonIago (talk) 18:24, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

I've now requested protection for this article, as another IP re-inserted the redlink. This should not be done without consensus. I'd very much like to believe that that IP is not the same one listed above, editing in bad faith. DonIago (talk) 16:26, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * An established Wikipedia guideline like WP:REDLINK should not be ignored without consensus, as you did with this edit. I am not the one editing in bad faith here. I am editing according to an established guideline despite being treated as little more than a vandal. "Do not remove red links unless you are certain that Wikipedia should not have an article on that subject." (WP:REDLINK) 79.72.143.90 (talk) 16:57, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * As it's now been established that at least one admin felt you were in fact edit-warring, as evidenced by your address being blocked for 24 hours, I hope you will return in a more collaborative and less accusatory mood.
 * My removal of the redlink was simply a matter of returning the article to its stable state prior to your edit. If the name had been redlinked long-term and Jacobite had removed it only to have you reinstate it, I would have restored the redlinking. The only side I am currently favoring is the side of "last stable state".
 * I would be happy to favor the redlinking if you can provide some evidence that an article for the actor will in fact be created at some point, or even demonstrate that the actor is notable enough that an article should be created, rather than simply arguing over interpretation of a guideline. DonIago (talk) 18:16, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Tombstone (film)


text: User talk:69.105.19.49

title: User talk:69.105.19.49


text:
Intelligence Identities Protection Act

The Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982 is a United States federal law that makes it a federal crime for those with access to classified information, or those who systematically seek to identify and expose covert agents and have reason to believe that it will harm the foreign intelligence activities of the U.S., to intentionally reveal the identity of an agent whom one knows to be in or recently in certain covert roles with a U.S. intelligence agency, unless the United States has publicly acknowledged or revealed the relationship.

History
The law was written, in part, as a response to several incidents where Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) agents or officers' identities were revealed. Under then existing law, such disclosures were legal when they did not involve the release of classified information. In 1975, CIA Athens station chief Richard Welch was assassinated by the Greek urban guerrilla group November 17 after his identity was revealed in several listings by a magazine called CounterSpy, edited by Timothy Butz. A local paper checked with CounterSpy to confirm his identity. However, the linkage between the publication of Welch's name and his assassination has been challenged by pundits that claim he was residing in a known CIA residency.

Another major impetus to pass the legislation was the activities of ex-CIA case officer Philip Agee during the 1960s and 1970s. Agee's book CIA Diary and his publication of the Covert Action Information Bulletin blew the cover of many agents. Some commentators say the law was specifically targeted at his actions, and one Congressman, Bill Young, said during a House debate, "What we're after today are the Philip Agees of the world."

The law passed the House by a vote of 315–32, with all opposing votes coming from Democrats. The law passed the Senate 81–4, with the opponents being Democratic Senators Joe Biden, Gary Hart, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Republican Senator Charles Mathias. Biden had written an op-ed column in the Christian Science Monitor published on April 6, 1982, that criticized the proposed law as harmful to national security.

, there have been only two successful prosecutions involving the statute. In 1985, Sharon Scranage, a secretary in the CIA's office in Accra, Ghana, was sentenced to five years and served eight months, for giving the names of other agents to her boyfriend in Ghana. In January, 2013 John C. Kiriakou, a former CIA officer, who accepted a plea bargain, is serving a prison sentence for disclosing the name of another CIA officer to a reporter.

First Amendment implications
The criminal provisions of the act are contained in 50 U.S.C. § 421. During Congress's consideration of the measure, much attention is paid to subsection 421(c), which states:

"421(c) Disclosure of information by persons in course of pattern of activities intended to identify and expose covert agents.

Whoever, in the course of a pattern of activities intended to identify and expose covert agents and with reason to believe that such activities would impair or impede the foreign intelligence activities of the United States, discloses any information that identifies an individual as a covert agent to any individual not authorized to receive classified information, knowing that the information disclosed so identifies such individual and that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal such individual's classified intelligence relationship to the United States, shall be fined under Title 18 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both."

Under this subsection, journalists and political commentators alike could be prosecuted should they show an effort towards discovering or revealing identities of covert agents. However, it was ultimately concluded by the Senate Judiciary and the Conference Committee that the measure is constitutionally sound. Individuals would only be prosecuted if they engage in a pattern of activities intended to identify and expose covert agents, on the grounds that such actions goes beyond information that might contribute to informed public debate on foreign policy or foreign intelligence activities.

The Conference Committee assured that U.S. intelligence critics would be beyond the reach of law so long as they do not actively seek to identify or expose covert agents. However, commentators are still wary of the measure, finding 421(c) standard over-broad since it lacks a 'specific intent requirement' and instead relies on a 'reason to believe' standard.

Valerie Plame affair
Between 2003 and 2007, an investigation was conducted by prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald into whether this law and others were violated in the identification of Valerie Plame as a CIA operative in a 2003 newspaper column by Robert Novak. As a result of the investigation, former Vice Presidential Chief-of-Staff "Scooter" Libby was convicted on two counts of perjury, one count of obstruction of justice and one count of making false statements to federal investigators and sentenced to thirty months in jail. In a court filing related to Libby's sentencing, the CIA stated that Plame was a covert agent at the time of the leak. In addition, the leak enabled the identification of Plame as an employee of the CIA front company, Brewster Jennings & Associates, and in doing so enabled the identification of other CIA agents who were "employed" there.

Who is Rich Blee?
In 2011 Ray Nowosielski and John Duffy of SecrecyKills.org planned to release an audio documentary entitled Who is Rich Blee?, focusing on the CIA's Bin Ladin unit before 9/11, and the way certain CIA officials blocked information on 9/11 hijackers from reaching the FBI before 9/11. In the documentary they planned to reveal the identity of two CIA agents. One of them is "Frances", the red-headed CIA agent mentioned in several reports on the War on Terror, including Jane Mayer's The Dark Side and an AP news story from 2011 about the Khalid El-Masri case. However, after receiving threats under the IIPA, Duffy and Nowosielski decided to release the documentary with the names redacted. The CIA threatened them with prosecution. They claim that their webmaster later posted an email containing the identities by accident. The identities then spread to the wider Internet.

John Kiriakou
A former CIA officer, John Kiriakou, was charged with offenses under the act. On Tuesday, October 23, 2012, Kiriakou pleaded guilty to violating the Intelligence Identities Protection Act.

As part of a plea agreement, Kiriakou accepted a 30-month prison term, while the charges filed under the Espionage Act were dropped. He was sentenced on January 25, 2013. This was the first conviction of a CIA officer under the Intelligence Identities Protection Act in 27 years.

title: Intelligence Identities Protection Act