text:
Talk:Baudouin of Belgium

Requested move (previous)
Baldwin I of Belgium → Baudouin of Belgium — This is the name by which the king is best known. Charles 11:53, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Support As nominator. Charles 11:55, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Survey - Support votes

 * 1) Support; it is the only name by which he is commonly known in English, and this is the English Wikipedia, not Dutch, French, or German. --Russ (talk) 15:47, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Support Name most used in English & restores status quo ante after several unilateral moves. Lethiere 18:32, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Support; he never was and, more or less, never is referred to as Baldwin in English.  Cripipper 18:43, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. While it is correct that his English name is Baldwin and that Baudouin may be Belgically non-neutral, it is (for better or worse) the form almost exclusively used in English sources. —   AjaxSmack     07:49, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) Suppory. While this may be a very selfish motive on my part, I have placed a cross reference to this page on my website and I would rather like to keep it. I have long been very taken with the Sanctus, from the Missa Luba.  This piece of music is sung by the choir known as Les Troubadours du Roi Baudouin.  It features on the soundtrack of the Lindsey Anderson movie, If.  It is an extremely beautiful piece of music and it adds a great deal to Lindsey Anderson's film.  Not knowing who Roi Baudouin was, I looked him up on Google.  This was one of the very few references I could find.  Please do not remove it. - Richard Gillard (talk) 08:15, 14 August 2010 (UTC)

Survey - Oppose votes

 * 1) Oppose Given that he had several different language names in Belgium, we should use English to avoid having to choose between Dutch/French/German. --Henrygb 15:00, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * This is to stop moves to superfluous forms of the King's name and to restore the form of his name which is used most. Charles 11:55, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Google shows over 60,000 hits for "King Baudouin" +Belgium -Jerusalem -wikipedia, and only 400+ for "King Baldwin" +Belgium -Jerusalem -wikipedia (-Jerusalem to exclude references to the medieval monarch of the same name). Taking the first 30 of these 400+ as a representative sample the vast majority (approx. 75%) are from websites hosted in countries where English is not a native language. This situation arose because an editor unilaterally decided that Baudouin was a bit tricky to pronounce and because this is the English wikipedia it would be easier to call him Baldwin. I think he/she must also have moved all the redirects, thereby squatting on the original and making it impossible to revert. I inadvertently violated style conventions in my attempt to sort out what I felt to be the rather more important matter of getting his name right. Cripipper 18:48, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Show of opinion on Leopold III instead of facts
"Though reinstated in a plebiscite after the war, it became clear that Léopold was too controversial a person to be a unifying force, hence the abdication."

He abdicated to preserve the union of the country, because of a "fight" between 2 sides, Pro-Leopold 3 and one against him.

 * Leopold III was hugely unpopular. The royal family lived in Switzerland until 1950, because they were so unpopular.  DonPMitchell (talk) 09:44, 24 June 2014 (UTC)

==No children== Why couldn't Baudouin & his wife have children? There is no medical explanation given. Mightberight/wrong 16:50, 3 November 2005.

Baudouin or Baldwin
Isn't Baldwin the English version of Baudouin or Boudewijn? If so, I suggest the name be changed to Baldwin. --B-west 15:35, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Baldwin is the English version of Baudouin/Boudewijn, but I have rarely, actually never, heard him refered to as Baldwin, but either by Baudouin or Boudewijn.

 * I've never seen him called "Boudewijn" in English. It's possible that English newspaper discussion of him from when he was a child refer to him as "Baldwin", but certainly "Baudouin" is the primary form. john k 20:47, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, but that's a bit confusing to pronounce compared to "Baldwin". Additionally, Baldwin is the english form, and this is an english-language encylopedia. After, Kaiser Wilhelm II is called by his english name, "William II, German Emperor", in his article.- Alex The Gonz 01:01, 13 September 2006 (UTC).

 * Unfortunately he is never called Baldwin in English. Cripipper 22:15, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately. Švitrigaila 22:27, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * ? Cripipper 22:32, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately, you're right. But I think it's too bad. Švitrigaila 22:51, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

What the heck are you talking about? In any history textbook, he's referred to as "Baldwin". 74.133.188.197 04:09, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

I realise that this thread appears to have ended, but it is very common house-style across a number of publications to use the local name (of people and places) rather than an anglicised version. There are exceptions, often for capital cities (Vienna, not Wien, Belgrade, not Beograd, etc etc). The same goes for names and I for one have never read a history textbook that calls Baudouin Baldwin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TonyAustria (talk • contribs) 20:33, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

OK, I am seeing that the French form of his name is "Baudouin" and that that's the form usually used outside of Belgium. Then I see "his Dutch name is Boudewijn", and recall that Belgium also uses Flemish language, which is not Dutch but is a lot like Dutch. So why use a Dutch form here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.20 (talk) 16:48, 10 December 2014 (UTC)

King of Belgains
Correct me if I'm wrong but I'm pretty sure it's "Belgians" bot Belgains. 72.197.133.100 22:18, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Stamp
I have found an old stamp collection in my house, one of which is an old Belgian one with Baoudouin's face on it. I don't know how to upload/copyright junk it, but if it sounds like it could help this article I could try. --Leathlaobhair 23:30, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Reign started
Baudouin I's reign began July 17th, 1951. The day after his father's abdication. Baudouin took his accession oath on July 17th (Belgian succession isn't automatic, like most monarchies). GoodDay 04:57, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

"of Belgium" or "of the Belgians"
My understanding is that he was not Baudouin of Belgium, but Baudouin of the Belgians. can anyone who knows better than I (which is a wide field) comment? Richardson mcphillips (talk) 14:08, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The official title of the Kings in Belgium is "King of the Belgians" and never "King of Belgium". For instance look at this link to the Belgian Official Gazette and to a published Royal Decree starting with the words, "Albert II, Roi des Belges" (i.e. Albert II, King of the Belgians).  And the same goes in the Dutch version were you can find the wording "Koning der Belgen" or in German with "König der Belgier".  --Lebob-BE (talk) 14:53, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Number : Baudouin, not Baudouin I
Please, move the page to. This monarch does not have a number for being the only one to have this name and because that is official. Thanks. Cyril-83 (talk) 09:39, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Belgian kings are always numbered, even if they are the first by that name. Albert I was already known by that number during his own reign and not when his grandson acceded the throne in 1993 as Albert II. In the same way, Baudouin was called Baudouin I in his own lifetime. It's a peculiarity of the Belgian monarchy. -- fdewaele, 22 May 2010.

In Wikipedia's article about regnal numbers, there is a section about "the first". In some places, "I" is used immediately; in other cases, it's added retroactively (like it was for Elizabeth I of England) if another monarch comes along with the same name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.63.16.20 (talk) 16:50, 10 December 2014 (UTC)

Flagging: Neutrality/Copyright
I flagged the article with the Neutrality/Copyright boxes. I'm new to editing Wikipedia, so I apologize if I made any mistakes.

The article has issues with neutrality of the style of writing, it is inadequately sourced and contains text cut and pasted from a copyrighted source. I tried to use inline tags to tag the suspect sentences, but it could probably use a significant rewrite.

The tone issues generally deal with the popularity or the subjects, or their various positive attributes; they may be true, but blanket statements about popularity, or popular perception or reaction need significant legitimate sources.

The copyrighted material that I found comes from the section "Death, succession, and legacy" The entire final paragraph is copied from the cited source (http://www.bookrags.com/biography/albert-ii/). UnFark (talk) 00:59, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

"of Belgium" or "of the Belgians"
Belgian kings are always refered to as "kings of the Belgians", and not as "kings of Belgium". This emphasizes the constitutional power of the king, wich is given to him by the Belgians, and the fact that he is obliged to take the oath in front of the assembly of the united chambers, being the senate and the chamber of representatives, before he can take power of the throne. In other words: Belgium isn't the property of the king, but that of the Belgians, since they revolted against the Dutch king William in 1830 and took possession of the area, wich was later referred to as Belgium, for themselves. They only ask the king to govern it for them. Therefore he isn't refered to as "king of Belgium", but as "king of the Belgians". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Boris Horemans (talk • contribs) 22:03, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

-> altough is title is "king of the belgians", his family name, like everyone in his family is "of Belgium" ("de Belgique" in french or "Van België" in dutch) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.242.135.184 (talk) 15:56, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Page movement glitch?
At first I thought JK forgot to also move this talkpage. I reverted is pagemove, then move the page again along with the talkpage, yet it didn't work. GoodDay (talk) 15:43, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

Baudouin of Belgium
It has been stated that this article is at Baudouin I of Belgium and not Baudouin of Belgium because the ordinal is usually used with Belgian kings. However, this looks to be incorrect.

 * "Boudewijn van België" gets 2290 Google Books results, and 10 Google News Archive
 * "Bouewijn I van België" gets 2 (!) Google Books results, and 1 Google News Archive
 * "Baudouin de Belgique" gets 891 Google Books results, and 25 Google News acrhives
 * "Baudouin I de Belgique" gets 127 Google Books results, and no Google News archive results
 * "Baudouin of Belgium" gets 17400 Google Books results, and 6370 Google News Archive
 * "Baudouin I of Belgium" gets 1860 Google Books results, and 58 Google News archives

In general, the results (from reliable sources) for the version without the numeral are about ten times as numerous as those with the numeral, both in English (which is what counts here, in the end), and in the two main languages of Belgium. Any reason why this page shouldn't be moved to the version without the ordinal? Fram (talk) 13:59, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

Per WP:Ncrn
This article should be moved to Baudouin, King of Belgium, even though his actually monarchial office is King of the Belgians. GoodDay (talk) 23:12, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Let's start a request then - qv below.--Kotniski (talk) 11:26, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved yet, there appears to a burgeoning consensus around a new title, but not the one requested here. I would encourage editors to open a new RM and take advantage of the comments made at the tailend of this one to see if you all can develop consensus around a better alternative. Mike Cline (talk) 16:21, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Baudouin of Belgium → Baudouin, King of Belgium – per WP:NCROY, or to an even more natural title like King Baudouin of Belgium in the unlikely event that people will agree to violate The Rules. The present title is not recognizable as referring to a monarch, and is not what he's usually called. (Google hits for that phrase are almost always part of "King B of B" or "Prince B of B"; and the "of Belgium" bit goes with King/Prince, not with Baudouin.) relisted--Mike Cline (talk) 12:52, 23 January 2012 (UTC) Kotniski (talk) 11:26, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "The present title is not recognizable as referring to a monarch": so what? Job description or claim to notability isn't added to other people's articles either, with some sad exceptions. General X is usually referred to as General X, but our article is at X. Cardinal Y has his article as Y, not Cardinal Y. No reason not to follow the general naming convention instead of the specific and rather convoluted NCROY (which you would prefer not to follow in this case anyway...).
 * And by the way: " the "of Belgium" bit goes with King/Prince, not with Baudouin." is wrong, it is their official surname (De Belgique / Van België). See e.g. House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha for more on this. "Of the Belgians" would be the title part. Fram (talk) 12:55, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The "general naming convention" would lead to some name by which he is commonly known; I don't believe Baudouin of Belgium is such a name. We don't translate surnames, so if "of Belgium" is intended here as a surname, then it should be put back to French or Dutch - but still, neither of those would produce a recognizable name to an English-speaking audience.--Kotniski (talk) 13:08, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * They (the Belgian royal house) have a translatable surname anyway (they have a different surname in Dutch than in French), and "of Belgium" is what he is usually called in English. Fram (talk) 13:14, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * But he's called that in English in conjunction with "King", not because we understand it as a form of his surname. You can only drop titles if what you leave behind makes sense without them. At least, this is generally true of such monarchs - if you've got a significant amount of English sources that call him that, then fair enough, but my searching revealed no such.--Kotniski (talk) 13:23, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * What is it in "Baudouin of Belgium" that doesn't make sense in your opinion? Does it make less sense than Beatrix of the Netherlands, Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Lothair of France, Hemming of Denmark, Bernard of Italy, Pepin of Italy, Amlaíb of Scotland or Sverre of Norway? Yes, there are many examples of other naming conventions used, but it is not as if this name is so unusual or bizarre. Creating a redirect from your proposed move target is not a bad thing, of course, but apparently in ten years of Wikipedia no one has bothered creating it, so such a problem it probably ain't. Fram (talk) 14:01, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * It's not so much whether it makes sense, but whether it's used. Some of the other names you list should probably be changed as well, if it turns out they're Wikipedia inventions or something close. If you call someone "X of Y", that implies they're from Y, not that they're ruler of Y, unless there's something else to indicate that we mean a ruler, such as a numeral (which we don't have in these cases), or reasonably common usage such that the name will be recognized anyway.--Kotniski (talk) 14:31, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The same names are used for queen consorts and many other members of royal houses. Take the closest example, queen consorts. No need for a further indication is given in the naming convention or in the actual names used for them, even though they are equally clear or unclear as the names of kings, and they are equally not their full or official names in many cases. Emma of Italy? Maria Theresa of Spain? Caroline Matilda of Great Britain? Gyda of Sweden? We even have Marie José of Belgium! I see no difference between those and the situation of kings, and no reason to treat them differently. Fram (talk) 14:47, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree - no reason to treat any of them differently, and no reason to use rare or made-up names for any of them. If any of those names are not in common use (compared with some other equally unambiguous name that we might use instead), then they should be changed.--Kotniski (talk) 15:03, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Which is of course an acceptable opinion, but mine is that all those are allright, and this one as well, and that it shows that this one isn't an exception or anomaly. We'll have to agree to disagree on this one, I think, but reading arguments for and against both positions may be useful for other participants in this RfC. Fram (talk) 15:31, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I would suggest that the view that we should use names that are commonly used rather than ones we've made up is more than an "acceptable opinion" - it's fundamental both to the general naming guidlines you refer to, and to Wikipedia's basic principles (like WP:OR, though making up names goes beyond OR - it's not even research, it's fiction-writing).--Kotniski (talk) 11:18, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose - nothing wrong with the existing title. Deb (talk) 13:03, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * What's wrong with it is explained in the nomination, which you can read just above.--Kotniski (talk) 13:10, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose I support the format but would prefer 'King of the Belgians'. - dwc lr (talk) 16:03, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Support per NCROY. He's the only Belgian monarch named Baudouin. As for ...of Belgium or ..of the Belgians? that's already handled with in the content. GoodDay (talk) 22:42, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. Either "Baudouin I of Belgium" or "King Baudouin of Belgium" would be even better. Kauffner (talk) 12:09, 14 January 2012 (UTC)
 * See a few sections above here: "Baudouin I of " is much less often used than "Baudouin of" (about 1 to 10). Your first option is certainly not an improvement. Fram (talk) 08:56, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Rename -- A recent consensus seems to be on the nom format, but in this case it should be Baudouin, King of the Belgians, which is the preferred English form of the royal title, as dwc lr says. Precedents include John, King of England and current discussion on moving Denis of Portugal to Denis, King of of Portugal.  Peterkingiron (talk) 01:08, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
 * An ongoing, undecided discussion should not be given as a precedent for another ongoing discussion. Or of course, you could change your "rename" to "don't rename" if the Portugal discussion ends in "no move"... Fram (talk) 08:56, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose Baudouin, King of Belgium because it's so rarely used by the literature – WP:UCN and WP:RS are policies while WP:NCROY is just a guideline and its exceptions are incredibly numerous. I generally agree with Fram's comments throughout, but I'd be fine with King Baudouin of Belgium which is probably the common name. Jenks24 (talk) 10:35, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * As I said before it was relisted: Rename but to Baudouin, King of the Belgians, which is the correct English form of the regnal title. Peterkingiron (talk) 23:24, 23 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I've debolded your !vote, please don't bold your opinion twice in one discussion, it gives the casual observer an incorrect idea of the division of opinions. Fram (talk) 09:32, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Death, succession, and legacy
This clause seems a little awkward to me: "Although in March 1992 the King had been operated for a Mitral valve prolapse in Paris." Where I come from, one would say either "the King had been operated on for a Mitral valve prolapse," or "the King had undergone surgery for a Mitral valve prolapse." I'm from the American South, though so I may be unaware of some vernacular at work there. O0drogue0o (talk) 15:25, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Scouting?
Baudouin's Scouting is mentioned 4 times in, but not in the article. Should this be mentioned?--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 08:13, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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 * King Baudouin visits the school of the Force Publique in Luluabourg 1955.JPG

Neutrality Swindle
"Despite maintaining strict neutrality during the opening months of the Second World War, on 10 May 1940, Belgium was invaded by Nazi Germany." That statement is a lie. Belgium may have pretended to be neutral, but they did in fact not act that way (cooperated wilfully with France and Britain, allowed Allied planes to fly over their country, etc.) and have been notified about this several times by the Germans. Hence the ignoring of the claimed neutrality by the German Army. --105.4.5.225 (talk) 18:46, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

Response to tagging
While vague objections were raised regarding text reflecting Baudouin's alleged involvement in the assassination of Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's 1961 assassination in which Belgian nationals were clearly involved, no specifics were given. I've done extensive copy edits and referencing, but haven't the time to pursue this further. I'm removing the tagging which should not be restored without the provision of those specifics. Activist (talk) 10:02, 13 March 2022 (UTC)

Health problem wiped from internet
Does anyone know what health problem Baudouin had that caused him to have to walk with leg braces from time to time? I've read about it and seen many photos in the past, but don't remember now what it was. There's no mention of it in this article. I've done quite a few internet searches and can now find no mention at all of it, including searching his name and keywords like leg braces. I finally found one photo where you can see a little of the brace where it fits around his arm. It all seems to have been scrubbed from the internet for some reason. Here is the link to the only photo I can find now. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/5981411995097448/ 2600:1700:BC01:9B0:5D4C:585C:1681:620F (talk) 22:44, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
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RfC of interest
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title: Talk:Baudouin of Belgium


text:
Maurice Glaize

Maurice Glaize (26 December 1886 – 17 July 1964) was a French architect and archeologist, Conservator of Angkor from 1937 to 1945.

Early years: education, wedding, war and professional experiences
Born to a family of artists in Paris (his father was an architect and his grandfather was Auguste-Barthélemy Glaize), he attended at École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, learning under the architect Henri Deglane. In 1913 he put in for the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), but ranked second behind Georges Demasur. On 3 January 1914 he married Louise Carlier, who gave him four sons and was a devoted mate. He served during World War I in a balloon unit, and then finally on 11 June 1919 he achieved the qualification of architect dplg.

He lived in Paris several years, working mostly as freelance architect, but never losing his interest in Indochina. Thanks to his cousin, François Glaize, he was recruited by the Crédit foncier et de l'Union immobilière d'Indochine and worked as architect and agency manager at Phnom Penh from 1928 to 1930 (participating into the building of the Royal Palace), then as architect-in-chief at Saigon from 1931 to 1934.

Conservator of Angkor
His contract wasn't renewed at the end of 1934 due to world economic crisis so, while on leave in France, when he became acquainted with the tragic death of Georges Alexandre Trouvé he put in for open position. His candidacy was formally accepted and after a temporary contract with Crédit foncier de l'Ouest africain at Dakar, he embarked for Saigon at Marseille with his wife and two children on 2 October 1936. He was appointed permanent member of EFEO on 1 December 1936 and "Conservator of Angkor" in following year.

He initially accepted a relatively poor wage from government, considering his qualifications and the present state of his family, and encountered some difficulties dealing with colonial administration. Besides that it was only some years later, thanks to general governor Catroux, that restoration funds raised to a notable level.

Field work
In spite of such economical restrictions, his work was surely impressive and involved many buildings, not only at Ankgor. Sometimes his intervention was limited and consisted in excavation and consolidation, as for East Mebon (1937-1939), Phnom Krom (1938) and Phnom Bok (1939). For other buildings he used partially anastylosis, as in Neak Pean (1938-1939), Preah Khan, Bayon (between 1939 and 1946) and the North Gate of Angkor Thom, but in particular cases he opted for deeper or larger interventions, as in Preah Palilay (1938-1938), Bakong (1936-1944), Banteay Samré (1936-1946) and West Mebon (1943-1944). The extent of his work led George Coedès to assert that Maurice Glaize's name will remain bound to the resurrection of the Khmer capital city of Angkor.

He also made several notable findings, like sculptures and foundation steles (e.g. the stele of Preah Khan), and some critical analysis of methodologies of restoration of Khmer monuments (see Glaize, 1941 and 1946). In 1944 he was the third conservator of Angkor (after Henri Parmentier and Henri Marchal) who published a guide of Angkor, entitled Les Monuments du groupe d'Angkor, which is still now a reference text for visitors and is available freely in English on The Angokor Guide.

Last years
In 1946 the majority of French scholars left Indochina. After an extended leave, Maurice Glaize renounced to come back to Cambodia and settled in La Rochelle, where he participated in restoration works of the city. After having had health problems for several years, on 17 July 1964 he died of cerebral haemorrhage in La Rochelle during sleep.

Maurice Glaize's inheritance
After Henri Marchal, who introduced anastylosis in Angkor, Maurice Glaize succeeded in adapting that method to available resources, value and structural conditions of each building. His work led to a better understanding of the role of architectural representations in Khmer civilization (Neak Pean, West Mebon). With Maurice Glaize restoration work and architectural research fed mutually, this became a primary principle in the following interventions of the EFEO in Cambodia.

Quotations
"Gradually the chaos becomes ordered, and one perceives the profusion of towers as being made from a combination of elements grouped at the centre in a sort of bunched sheaf.

It's no longer the building that matters, but only its symbolism.

– Maurice Glaize, speaking about Bayon, in A Guide to the Angkor Monuments"

Selected works (in French)

 * 1940 - Essai sur la connaissance de Nâk Pân après anastylose on persee.fr, Le gopura de Práh Pàlilai on persee.fr, Le dégagement du Phnom Krom, précédé de quelques remarques sur les fondations de Yaçovarman on persee.fr, BEFEO 40/2, pp. 351–362, pp. 363–370, pp. 371–383
 * 1941 - L'anastylose, méthode de reconstruction des monuments anciens, son application à l'art khmer, Cahiers de l'EFEO, 29, pp. 25–32
 * 1944 - À Angkor. Fouilles et Trouvailles à Bakong, Indochine (Hanoi), 187, pp. 18–19
 * 1944 - Les monuments du groupe d'Angkor, A. Portail (Paris), (2nd ed.1948, 3rd ed.1963, 4th ed.1993)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Maurice Glaize


text:
Sampson, Missouri

Sampson is an unincorporated community in northern Webster County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The site is at the intersection of Missouri Supplemental Routes CC and H, between Niangua and Conway approximately 8 mi northeast of Marshfield.

History
A post office called Sampson was established in 1904, and remained in operation until 1935. The community has the name of the local Sampson family.

title: Sampson, Missouri


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User:Dzzl/mick vonn

Irish, German

title: User:Dzzl/mick vonn


text:
A History of Chess

A History of Chess is a book written by H. J. R. Murray (1868–1955) and published in 1913.

Details
Murray's aim is threefold: to present as complete a record as is possible of the varieties of chess that exist or have existed in different parts of the world; to investigate the ultimate origin of these games and the circumstances of the invention of chess; and to trace the development of the modern European game from the first appearance of its ancestor, the Indian chaturanga, in the beginning of the 7th century.

The first part of the book describes the history of the Asiatic varieties of chess, the Arabic and Persian literature on chess, and the theory and practice of the game of shatranj. The second part is concerned with chess in Europe in the Middle Ages, its role in literature and in the moralities, and with medieval chess problems, leading up to the beginning of modern chess and the history of the modern game through to the 19th century.

Murray, who knew the English and German languages, taught himself Arabic to read chess documents. By collating sources and eliminating duplicates therein he lists 553 complete Islamic shatranj chess problems and their stated solutions, plus 16 mikhāriq ("puzzles", singular mikhrāq) (which he numbers RW29 and 554 to 568). During this, he was caused extra work by finding that one of his Arabic-language source documents was descended from a predecessor whose pages had been shuffled and some pages lost, which was then copied by another scribe in old times.

The book also contains a list of medieval European chess problems.

As some chess variants do not use an 8×8 board, he uses the algebraic notation to represent chess moves, but:
 * He represents a capture by piece × piece, not piece × square.
 * He writes P at the start of a pawn move.

He quotes lengths of text from older European sources untranslated from their original languages (medieval forms of French and German and Spanish etc.).

Other books
Murray's companion work was A History of Board-Games other than Chess ISBN 0-19-827401-7. He also wrote a new history of the game from its beginnings until 1866, called A Short History of Chess. This was found among the papers left behind at his death in 1955, and was published, with contributions by B. Goulding Brown and Harry Golombek, in 1963.

Impact
In the words of Daniel E. O'Sullivan, "Two texts, one medieval and one modern, pervade any discussion of medieval chess and culture. [...] the modern text that resurfaces time and again is H. J. R. Murray's A History of Chess. Chess histories and commentaries are myriad, but no single volume has stood the test of time better than Murray's magnum opus. As Marilyn Yalom writes in the very first endnote of Birth of the Chess Queen: A History, "Murray's 900-page book constitutes the Bible of chess historians. With his knowledge of numerous languages including Latin and Arabic, and his devotion to chess world-wide, H. J. R. Murray was one of those late Victorian giants whose intimidating figure seems to have inhibited further research for the next two generations."

[...] So compendious is the work that it may never be supplanted as the standard history of the game, even if many would like to see it superseded, for doing so would require at least a lifetime of scholarly effort, if not a team of scholars to work one or two decades in close collaboration. [...] In the twentieth century, chess histories have appeared and updated Murray's work, but none have come close to Murray's comprehensiveness."

David Shenk writes in The Immortal Game: "A History of Chess, by Harold James Ruthven Murray, was published by Oxford University Press in 1913. Murray covered the first 1,400 years of the game's history in crystallized, definitive detail. It was Murray who [...] exhaustively collected and interpreted virtually everything there was to know about the game at that time. [...] no one could seriously imagine chess history without it, or easily conceive of what its pioneer author went through to compile it."

Printing data

 * Murray, H. J. R. A History of Chess (London: Oxford University Press, 1913)
 * Murray, H. J. R. A History of Chess (Northampton, MA: Benjamin Press, 1985) ISBN 0-936317-01-9
 * Murray, H. J. R. A History of Chess (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2012, paperback reprint of the 1913 edition) ISBN 978-1-62087-062-4

title: A History of Chess


text:
File:ActRaiser 2 box art.jpg

Summary
==Licensing==

title: File:ActRaiser 2 box art.jpg


text:
Logie Awards of 1991

The 33rd Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Friday 15 March 1991 at the World Congress Centre in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Daryl Somers and guests included Angie Dickinson, Michael Ontkean and Peggy Lipton.

Nominees and winners
Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.

Performers

 * Debra Byrne and the Super Band
 * Mark Williams
 * Electric Legs

Hall of Fame
After a lifetime in the Australian television industry, James Davern became the eighth inductee into the TV Week Logies Hall of Fame.

title: Logie Awards of 1991


text:
User talk:Mddake

Welcome!
I am a U.S. Army officer with an interest in law, military organizations, language, grammatical style, political history, and human resources/industrial relations.

I look forward to hearing from experienced Wikipedians.

MDDake --Mddake 22:52, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for supporting my article. I appreciate it. I've been attacked personally for that page, accused of creating sockpuppets, accused of vandalism, accused of everything possible. Its nice to see someone say something nice now and again. Sleepnomore 00:19, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Danish Blue cheese
The version I marked with the NPOV tag was a rant, albeit a humorous one, about how Danish Blue tastes ghastly. I was pretty sure that wasn't a NPOV look at the cheese. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 05:22, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Collaboration of the Week
I'm not sure what you mean by the "preview section." Joyous (talk) 02:13, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * OH! That preview section.  Joyous  (talk) 02:15, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would leave a note at either Wikipedia Talk:Community Portal or Wikipedia_talk:Collaborations_of_the_week Joyous  (talk) 02:19, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
It looks like you (or someone) cleared up whatever problem was happening with non-governmental organisations? Do you happen to know what the problem was? SDC is having the same issue at Comorian franc. Joyous (talk) 20:44, August 14, 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mddake


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Tekkatho Phone Naing

Tekkatho Phone Naing (တက္ကသိုလ် ဘုန်းနိုင်, 16 January 1930 – 2002) was a famous Burmese writer, primarily known for lovelorn stories that were most popular in the 1950s to 1970s. His "sad" stories still represent some of the best popular Burmese story writing in the postwar era.

Overview
Tekkatho Phone Naing was the pen name of Khin Maung Tint (MY ခင်မောင်တင့်), a lifelong university professor and later Chancellor of University of Moulmein. He received a Master's degree in psychology from Columbia University. During the 1988 popular uprising against the government of Burma, he called for restraint and true democracy. The military junta forced him to retire from his position as Rector of the Institute of Education, Yangon.

He died in 2002 at the age of 72. and........

Literary career
Khin Maung Tint began writing in the 1950s under the pseudonym Tekatho Phone Naing. As with many writers of that day, he took on the title Tekkatho which means university, signifying him as a university graduate.

Most Tekkatho Phone Naing novels are love stories between a man and a woman of different social station and wealth that typically end in separation and sorrow. It would be unfair to call his stories tearjerkers however. The unhappy ending is not the only thing that makes his stories different from workaday Burmese love stories. His stories explore social issues—always ignored by escapist stories—to wrenching details.

His notable works include: On Going the next Chapter is the name of "The Sunflower"..............
 * Thu Kyun Ma Khan Byi (Never Shall We Be Enslaved) (1959). It deals with and is based on aspects of the palace intrigues and the resistance – mainly feeble and ineffective- that was offered to the invading British troops just before the fall of Mandalay (and the entire Burmese kingdom) to the British in November 1885.
 * Thangègyin Lo Bè Set Ywei Khaw Myi Khaing (Will Continue to Call You as a Friend, Khaing)
 * Da Byi Thu Ma Shwe Htar (Miss Htar the Foreigner)
 * Maung Bawa Nya A Lar Kwal (Maung's Life like night)

He was also an accomplished poet.

title: Tekkatho Phone Naing


text:
Holman, Missouri

Holman is an extinct town in Webster County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place. The site is located on Missouri Supplemental Route OO, approximately 15 mi northeast of Springfield.

A post office called Holman was established in 1903, and remained in operation until 1911. The community once had Holman Schoolhouse, now defunct. The school had the name of the Holman family of settlers.

title: Holman, Missouri


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Ganassi

Ganassi may refer to:

People

 * Silvestro Ganassi dal Fontego (1492–1565), author of Opera intitulata Fontegara (Venice, 1535) and Regola Rubertina (Venice, 1542)
 * Chip Ganassi (b. 1958), American businessman and former auto racing driver
 * Sonia Ganassi (b. 1966), Italian mezzo-soprano

Other

 * Chip Ganassi Racing, an automotive racing organization founded and owned by Chip Ganassi
 * A Ganassi recorder, constructed according to the fingering charts given by Silvestro Ganassi
 * Ganassi, Lanao del Sur, a municipality in the Philippines

title: Ganassi


text:
The Guitar (The Lion Sleeps Tonight)

"The Guitar (The Lion Sleeps Tonight)" is a song and single by alternative rock band They Might Be Giants, released in 1992. The track is one of three singles from Apollo 18. The song has also appeared on several compilation albums, including Dial-A-Song: 20 Years Of They Might Be Giants and A User's Guide to They Might Be Giants.

Background
The song, originally titled "The Guitar", was the result of a jam session based around "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" by The Tokens. This motif is most pronounced in the chorus of the song, which is sung by Laura Cantrell, who also appears in the song's music video. However, the influence of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" is present throughout the song in its continuous bassline. Due to the legal ramifications of the recurring theme, Elektra appended "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" to the end of the song's title.

The music video for "The Guitar" was the first They Might Be Giants video to be directed by bandmember John Flansburgh.

Usage
In promotion of Apollo 18, TMBG performed "The Guitar" and "The Statue Got Me High" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in 1992. For this appearance, the duo of Linnell and Flansburgh debuted their new live backing band, which accompanied them on the Don't Tread on the Cut-Up Snake World Tour in support of Apollo 18. The band also performed the song as part of their 2001 documentary, Gigantic (A Tale of Two Johns).

"The Guitar" was used in a 2013 advertisement for the Buick Encore.

Track listing

 * 1) "The Guitar" (Williamsburgh Mix) - 4:13
 * 2) "The Guitar" (Outer Planet Mix) - 6:39
 * 3) "Welcome to the Jungle" - 2:28
 * 4) "I Blame You" - 1:52
 * 5) "Moving to the Sun" - 2:17
 * 6) "The Guitar" (Even Further Outer Planet Mix) - 6:38

title: The Guitar (The Lion Sleeps Tonight)


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Talk:HIV/AIDS/Archive 11

Disputed dating method of HIV-1 genetic ancestry dating
Lestatdelc June 28, 2005 22:25 (UTC) As noted in www.aidsorigins.com there are serious flaws dating method of HIV-1 genetic ancestry dating method citing the the Science 2000 Jun 9 article and the results are very much in dispute:

 * The article you quoted extensively (titled "Robin Weiss, professor of virology, doctor of spin") from below comes from Aidsorigin.com. Aidsorigin.com is site devoted to promoting the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) hypothesis of the entry of HIV into the human population. The results of phylogenetic dating of the beginings of HIV are only "very much in dispute" among proponents of the OPV hypothesis. In the mainstream of HIV science, it is generally accepted.

 * The OPV hypothesis alleges that the origins of HIV in the human population can be tranced oral polio vaccine that was contaminated with SIV and given out in the Congo during 1957-1960. Evidence that places the origin of HIV well before the mid-to-late 1950s is disconfirming to the OPV hypothesis. Thus, the peoponents of that theory have to find reason to reject any such evidence.

 * I would also like to point out that the Science article I cited, and that "Lestatdelc" has taken issue with ("Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1 Pandemic Strains"), is not the only paper to come to a similar conclusion about the date of HIV's origin. Take a look at:

 * Lemey, P., et al. (2004) "The Molecular Population Genetics of HIV-1 Group O" Genetics 167, 1059-1068 (July, 2004).

 * Sharp, P. M., et al. (2004) "The Origin of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Viruses: Where and When?"  Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 356, 867-876 (29 June 2001).

 * Salemi, M., et al. (2001) "Dating the Common Ancestor of SIVcpz and HIV-1 Group M and the Origin of HIV-1 Subtypes Using a New Method to Uncover Clock-Like Molecular Evolution" The FASEB Journal 15, 276-278 (February 2001).

 * Sharp, P. M., Bailes, E., Gao F., Beer, B. E., Hirsch, V. M. and Hahn, B. H. (2000) "Origins and Evolution of AIDS Viruses: Estimating the Time-Scale" Biochemical Society Transactions 28, 275–282 (February 2000)

 * Carl Henderson 29 June 2005 04:56 (UTC)

 * Reference for the original study cited:

 * Korber, B., et al. (2000) "Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1 Pandemic Strains" Science 288(5472), 1789-1796 (9 June 2000).

 * To summarize, I've cited four different peer-reviewed studies that came to very similar ranges of dates for the origins of HIV-1. I have not added "mutiple reference to the SAME disputed study."

 * MRCA HIV-1 Group O    1920 (1890-1940)--Korber, et al. (2000)
 * MRCA HIV-1 Group M    1931 (1915-1941)-Lemay, et al. (2004)
 * MRCA HIV-1 Group M    "before the 1920s–1930s"--Salemi, et al. (2001)
 * MRCA HIV-1 Group M    "late 1930s"--Sharp, et al.(2000)

 * (MRCA = Most Recent Common Ancestor)

 * Please note that these are not the only studies coming to similar conclusions. These are just the only ones I was able to find PDFs of on the web (if anyone wants a copy of them to review, please email me at jch@carlhenderson.net). Each of those studies above references others that the more dedicated may wish to search out in the cold, scary offline world of dusty library stacks. I think I have good reason for inserting the line concerning the dating of HIV-1 origins, and good reason for reverting an attempt to delete it.

 * Carl Henderson 30 June 2005 21:12 (UTC)

From the www.aidsorigins.com article:

 * Making misleading claims about phylogenetic analysis. Professor Weiss claims that "the most telling answers" about the provenance and timing of the HIVs come from phylogenetic analysis. He argues that phylogenetic dating confounds the OPV theory, since it indicates that the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of this group existed "around 1931, with 95% confidence limits of 15 years". Weiss is correct with regard to the provenance of the HIVs, since phylogenetic analysis provides important evidence about which SIVs are their closest non-human relatives. However, the use of phylogenetic analysis to date the epidemic is highly controversial, as Weiss is well aware. Significantly, he makes no reference to this.

 * This omission is doubly surprising, given that (a) his fellow-organiser from the Royal Society meeting, Simon Wain-Hobson, has revealed major shortcomings in this aspect of phylogenetic theory [see below], and (b) Professor Weiss heard the presentation made at Lincei by Mikkel Schierup, which focused on the shortcomings of phylogenetic dating.

 * In his conclusion, Weiss states that Schierup's paper [Schierup and Forsberg, 2003] merely suggests that "the confidence limits might widen a little" on that date of 1931 plus or minus 10 to 15 years. However, this is a misrepresentation of what Schierup and Forsberg write in their important, indeed ground-breaking, paper.

 * They report that there is substantial evidence of recombination having occurred both between and within the subtypes of HIV-1, and they find evidence of extensive recombination even in datasets such as that used by Bette Korber in her famous 2000 paper, "Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1 Pandemic Strains" [Korber et al., 2000], which the authors claimed to have "cleaned" of potential recombinant sequences. Schierup and Forsberg demonstrate that ignoring this recombination would lead to placing the MRCA too far back in time.

 * This conclusion has since been greatly reinforced by the work of Andreas Meyerhans and Simon Wain-Hobson, who report evidence of "massive" recombination in HIV-1 [Wain-Hobson et al., 2003]. These latter authors calculate that the rate of recombination in HIV-1 is some ten times greater than the rate of "point-substitution" (ie normal mutation). Ignoring recombination, they estimate, would lead to overestimating the age of the MRCA by as much as 45%. (This should not be taken as indicating an upper limit; it may well be that the phylogenetic dating approach would involve considerably greater errors than this.) However, even correcting for a 45% error would bring Korber's mooted MRCA up to about 1950 (range: approximately 1940 to 1957), and Paul Sharp's putative 1940 MRCA up to about 1957 (range: approximately 1948 to 1963). In other words, the OPV trials of the 1950s would now fall within the time estimates.

 * However, Schierup and Forsberg go much further than that, for they call the whole basis of phylogenetic dating into question. They write that the very high rate of recombination between subtypes "is important, because it indicates that recombination may have been prevalent also before the diversification into subtypes, ie early on in the evolution of the present diversity." Later, in their conclusions, they write that: "If recombination has occurred in the viral population originating from the MRCA [ie early in the evolution of HIV-1], it is not valid to use a phylogenetic method to obtain the time estimate, and our results suggest that doing so would give a certain overconfidence in the previous estimate of 1931 +/- 10 years". [My bracketed insert and italics.] What Schierup and Forsberg are actually stating here is their belief that recombination probably did also occur early in the history of HIV-1 (recombination that would neither be detectable, nor removable by the "cleaning" methods advocated by such as Korber and Sharp). They are further stating that such early recombination would mean that phylogenetic dating theory is inherently flawed, and should not be used to date HIV-1.

 * Yet all Professor Weiss hears is that polite, throw-away line about previous studies demonstrating a "certain over-confidence". Weiss was meant to provide a balanced summing-up of the papers presented at the conference, but in fact he has minimised the import of Schierup and Forsberg's work. It is as if he has only read the last two paragraphs of their paper, and has lifted out the one phrase that fits with his preconceptions.

 * The simple truth is that phylogenetic dating is now revealed as an inappropriate technique for dating HIV-1, as is acknowledged by a growing number of scientists, both in print (Schierup and Forsberg, Wain-Hobson, Meyerhans, Jon Cohen of Science [Cohen, 2002]), and verbally (as at least half a dozen other statisticians and geneticists have done in conversation with me). Weiss's claim that "the confidence limits might widen a little" is disingenuous, and appears to be an attempt to retain some credibility for phylogenetic dating. The only conclusion that can reasonably be drawn from the work of Schierup and others is that phylogenetic dating theory is innately flawed, and therefore unsafe, when applied to HIV-1, and should therefore not be used as a basis for estimating the age of AIDS viruses in humans.

 * One final point. Weiss states that what convinces him of the accuracy of Korber's start date of 1931 is that this scenario successfully predicts two "known dates of sampling": the 1959 Leopoldville sequence, and the 1986 date for the emergence of subtype E in Thailand. In reality, both claims are questionable. Korber's actual prediction for the date of Leopoldville sequence is 1957, with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] of 1934-1962. Yet, as I have explained in pages 173-176 of Dephlogistication [Hooper, 2003], there is considerable doubt about the dating of the Leopoldville sample; a wide range of evidence (including testimony from the three main authors of the genetics papers about these samples &emdash; Motulsky, Vandepitte and Fraser) indicates that this sample was certainly obtained later than the declared date of "early 1959", and it may have been obtained as late as 1963 (which would fall outside Korber's confidence intervals).

 * Again, Korber's best prediction for the Thai subtype E founder sequence (using the full set of Group M sequences) is actually 1984 [95% CI: 1980-1986]. Yet, on the basis of the discussion in her own paper, 1987 would appear to be a more plausible date for the origin of the Thai subtype E epidemic than 1986 &emdash; and again, 1987 would fall outside her confidence intervals.

 * Korber encountered similar problems with her estimates of the putative date of the first American subtype B sequence (though Weiss omits to mention this). She has four different guesses at this one, but the best guess, based on the envelope gene, places the first US subtype B sequence in 1967 (95% CI: 1960-1971). As several observers, most notably Gerry Myers, have pointed out, this seems far too early when the first confirmed American HIV-1 isolate is from 1977, and the first proven case of American AIDS is from 1979.

 * In all three instances, therefore, it seems that the real dates of the sequences in question are more recent that Korber's estimates, falling either at the upper limit of her 95% confidence intervals, or outside them. Leaving aside the question of whether phylogenetic dating works, this suggests that her estimates for these dates (including her famous 1931 estimate) are set considerably too far back in time.

 * Coming back to Robin Weiss, it appears that he has not taken the trouble to recheck the actual dates and confidence intervals in Korber's paper, for the details which convince him that her 1931 estimate is correct, if examined closely, actually do the exact opposite. In reality, they consistently suggest that her 1931 estimate is too early.

title: Talk:HIV/AIDS/Archive 11


text:
Kapatagan

Kapatagan is the name of two places in the Philippines:

 * Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte
 * Kapatagan, Lanao del Sur

title: Kapatagan


text:
Windsong's Legacy

Windsong's Legacy was a Standardbred trotting horse who won the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters in 2004, capturing the Hambletonian, Yonkers Trot and Kentucky Futurity titles. The horse was trained and driven by Trond Smedshammer. He became the first trotter since Super Bowl in 1972 to win the Triple Crown. He died early in 2008 from heart failure at the age of seven, after siring three foal crops.

title: Windsong's Legacy


text:
Mulondo

Mulondo may refer to
 * Mulondo, Lanao del Sur, a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines
 * Mulondo, Angola, a town in Angola
 * Mulondo of Buganda, a 16th-century African ruler
 * Besueri Kiwanuka Lusse Mulondo (born 1926), Ugandan politician

title: Mulondo


text:
Talk:Tony Chimel

Chimel's weight
I realize, he is a little chubby, but 225 pounds is an exageration, to me. Jman5 23:13, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

1961 or 1967
it says 1961 but hes in the 1967 births category

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:42, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Wrong Brand
It says here that Justin Roberts left Smackdown to become the ring announcer for Smackdown. I could be reading it wrong- I'm tired. Should it be fixed to say that Chimel became the ring announcer for Smackdown again after Justin Roberts left for Raw? Kjscotte34 (talk) 23:25, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Tony Chimel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071024181202/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2007/07/04/4312404.html to http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2007/07/04/4312404.html

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:23, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Chimel


text:
Talk:HIV/AIDS/Archive 10

Circumcision...
User:Jakew seems to be changing references with regards to the effect of circumcision on the transmission of AIDS. Circumcision seems to be a particular hobby-horse for him, from a look at his talk page. This is probably one area we should check into. --Robert Merkel 02:50, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct. The original link was to an anti-circumcision propaganda web site. I changed this to the most recent systematic review on the subject of circumcision and HIV. User:DanP, who you will note also has a bee in his bonnet on the subject, wanted to include a flawed meta-analysis by Van Howe (an anti-circumcision activist). Since the systematic review I mentioned does reference and discuss Van Howe, and since Van Howe's paper had such serious flaws, I do not think it appropriate to direct readers there, since it would only mislead. You may note that the Cochrane Library review I provided is not especially pro-circumcision (I could have linked to Weiss et al if I wanted). However, it is recent and to my knowledge nobody has made any objection to it. - Jakew 10:51, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I am well aware of your dislike for the Van Howe study. Nonetheless, it does balance the article.  There is simply no way you can defend having the WSJ reference in the article, leave out Van Howe, and claim this article is NPOV all at the same time.  We are presenting fair and balanced perspectives.  DanP 14:19, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Jakew, that is not a bad edit. But again you've slanted the article in favor of your view.  You should at least remove the word "flawed" which the article does not qualify as to who says so, and you should also take out the bit about "suggests", etc. unless you want to apply it equally to the Africa studies, as well as the studies on your site.  Just try to balance it, would you, please?  DanP 01:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * DanP, I'm simply reporting the facts. I've changed 'flawed' to 'methodologically unsound', since that is what was shown. I can't justifiably remove 'suggests', because I have just searched Van Howe for the word 'bias'. It appears three times. In each case, it is followed within two words by 'may'. Van Howe is raising the possibility that they might be biased - 'suggests' seems entirely appropriate. 'Found' would be more suitable for conclusions based upon evidence.
 * Balance is all very well, but it shouldn't prevent us from being honest. If we were writing an article on gravity, we have little choice but to 'slant the article' in favour of its existence, unless there is credible evidence to the contrary. Sorry. - Jakew 11:57, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If the Van Howe study is characterized as 'methodolodgically unsound' on the basis you highlight, then the Africa studies are 'methodolodgically unsound' on the basis Van Howe explains. You must do more than report facts, but report them with balance and from primary or secondary sources  You can't use your own insight (or some say delusion) to create entirely new information in Wikipedia, that is against the policy on original research.  I cannot follow your reasoning at all on how 'may' implies 'suggests'.  If one says "smoking may cause cancer", that does not mean the studies behind it merely suggest or hypothesize such a thing without merit.  We should report what that the studies "report" or "claim" some connection, not "suggest".   Even "suggest" is what you insist upon, the WSJ ought to be so characterized -- otherwise you have editorial slant in your vocabulary.  Gravity is entirely irrelevant here, as the topic is circumcision and its effect (both ways) on HIV. Neither causation nor prevention can be given a preference.  If it's some popular acceptance of MGM you're getting at to equate that with gravity somehow, remember your side is outnumbered ten-to-one in terms of whether circumcision is believed to be the right choice.  Either way, that is not how science is done.

 * There are obvious methodological flaws in the WSJ-reported study and some of the others:
 * No strictly double-blind studies (or even any single-blind actually)
 * No real control group, sham controlled experiments are needed for any meaningful analysis
 * A report of causation, when they are only detecting correllation
 * Experiment was never actually completed as planned
 * I'm sure you will dispute these, but that's OK, I don't think they belong in the article. We can disagree and still find balance.  I will change a few sentences to get rid of the slant and let me know if it's OK.  DanP 13:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Ok, I've made some changes to your text. Most are ok, but I've restored details of study types. The fact that Van Howe reviewed studies of different design is relevant, as is the distinction between meta-analyses and original studies. I have changed the wording slightly regarding bias. Since he claimed 'may', so do we. I trust you'll agree that this fairly represents his views. I have also commented out your remarks about unknown 'others' who have supported the study. Go ahead and restore it with a reference. - Jakew 14:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

The offending tables were removed, so ignore my message below. Wanyonyi 10:44, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

HIV Aids prevalence in non-circumcising AFRICAN countries
Does anyone have statistics on HIV Aids prevalence in non-circumcising AFRICAN countries? The table presented in this section, comparing circumcising and non-circumcising countries, is flawed for several reasons:

 * The tables compare countries in two completely different locations and socio-economic conditions. It is unrealisitic and bias-inducing to compare zimbabwe and Denmark, for example.
 * There is no comparison of non-circumcising African countries against circumcising non-African ones.

A comparison of countries such as, say, Kenya (circumcising) and Uganda (largely non-circumcising), or of tribal groups such as Bukusu (circumcising) and Zulu (non-circumcising) will usually indicate higher prevalence in non-circumcising groups. I believe the presentation of the statistics on this page is self-fulfilling, biased and therefore unreliable and unfit for publication in the current format.

See also:
 * http://wvintranet.wvi.org/africa.nsf/0/ad39f9201cec4f6b43256bbf0060a40c?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=5
 * http://parents.berkeley.edu/advice/health/circumcision.html

etc Wanyonyi 10:31, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree. I've already stated this (see immediately below), but the person concerned ignored it. There's a good table of African data here.- Jakew 10:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

DanP, I've reverted your changes, for the following reasons: - Jakew 10:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You deleted useful information about the most recent research.
 * You included a discredited study by Van Howe. You furthermore misrepresented Van Howe's study, because he addressed a different style of research (this study is experimental, while all the ones he addressed were observational).
 * I have retained your addition about ritual circumcision.
 * You misrepresent the World Health Organisation, who report no such thing. That is your interpretation.
 * You include a carefully selected set of countries to support your claim. With the exception of the USA, you're comparing third-world nations with first-world. This is ludicrous.

 * Don't mean to be a stickler, but the site to allAfrica.com has not mention of any of the details of the study on ritual circumcision. How empirical is this? With a article title like: Ritual Circumcision Likely Contributing to HIV Spread - it makes it seem like they ain't too sure, you know? It is also a reall short article. JoeSmack (talk) 12:58, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * I rewrote this section slightly to emphasize that it's only talking about female-to-male transmission; otherwise the "70 percent" figure is quite misleading. I also added a statement that I think is uncontroversial, but that I can't find a source for right now: Female-to-male sexual transmission is an uncommon route of HIV infection in the Western world, but somewhat more common in Africa. Could someone expand on that?  ←Hob 18:24, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Good rewrite. My understanding is that f-to-m HIV transmission is more common in Africa (and India), simply because such a large proportion of females are infected. That's only my guess. As for JoeSmack's comments about, I have to agree. Looking in the literature, I found some confirmation (eg here), but it's another speculative piece. Intuitively, if you're circumcising tens of boys with the same knife, and one or more is HIV+, some infections are obviously going to happen, but we should probably reword to something like 'it has been suggested that'. DanP: any objections? - Jakew 18:53, 14 July 2005 (UTC) - not here, sounds good to me.  JoeSmack (talk) 18:55, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, it's a horrible representation to which the paragraph was reverted. Jakew, I would ask you to review what you're defending and ask yourself which portion of the research is the data, and which is the interpretation (sound familiar?).  Even worse, the depiction of the "benefit" goes beyond even what the WSJ reports, claiming that circumcision status itself was the cause of a statistical difference, and not the occurence of circumcision of adult men studied within the time frame of the research data.  The latter is defensible, the former was never studied.  Also, claims of unethical behavior were projected by the researchers, not claimed by WSJ itself.  The paragraph you've reverted to is plainly false.  This inherent misrepresentation of fact should not stand in Wikipedia.  DanP 22:14, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * DanP, do you have the foggiest idea of what the study did? It was experimental. 3000 men volunteered. Half were chosen at random to be circumcised. All men received safe sex counselling. The men circumcised were much less likely to develop HIV. This isn't some sample of men who happened to have HIV at the time and you can make excuses about them being Muslims or something. It was an experiment. They tried circumcision. It worked. The article does not claim that the WSJ said it was unethical. You've ignored my other remarks. I've reverted your changes. - Jakew 10:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I would propose that you simply cite those tables unless they can be made...well...less ug-mo. JoeSmack (talk) 22:41, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

JakeW, here is what you've reverted to: Preliminary results in a study on the prevention of HIV transmission via circumcision were released July 6, 2005 in the Wall Street Journal, and showed that male circumcision reduced the risk of HIV transmission from women to men by 70 percent -- a level of protection far better than the 30 percent risk reduction set as a target for an AIDS vaccine. According to the newspaper account, the study under way in Orange Farm township, South Africa, was stopped because the results were so favorable: it was deemed unethical to continue the trial after an early peek at data showed that the uncircumcised men were so much more likely to become infected. Female-to-male sexual transmission is an uncommon route of HIV infection in the Western world, but somewhat more common in Africa. Please try to combine your ideas with these instead of a full revert every time. DanP 11:09, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The title refers to circumcision, and that blanket terminology implies the study applied to infant circumcision.
 * "far better" is POV, so is "favorable" regardless how we feel about specific results.
 * The use of the vaccine target clearly implies the two are mutually exclusive, suggesting the vaccine is an inferior choice or that it is similarly limited to heterosexual female-to-male pathway. This is a plain misrepresentation.
 * "According to ... was stopped because" is a claim of what the WSJ says, you should know better than to imply this kind of thing. The ethical matter was an evaluation of the researcher, not the WSJ.  Please use accurate facts.
 * The fact that the study was halted is factual data. The reasons for doing so are interpretation from the research, not scientific method.  You know this by now, and you have pointed out this exact distinction before.
 * There is also no need to specify the exact date of publication in the intro paragraph. This can be linked without the clutter.

Not relevant to prevention of AIDS
Interesting though this topic may be is is NOT a method of preventing AIDS - as the cited references make very clear. In fact, circumcism may be the cause of much AIDS in Africa as the cited references also make clear. At best this is controversial research. Sci guy 16:32, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You're reading too much into the controversy, my friend. Circumcision itself is highly controversial, and anti-circ activists try to confuse just about every issue they can. I've reorganised the section to give a better idea of the chronological order of developments. - Jakew 20:55, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The issue, my friend, is that Wikipedia is not the place to publish original research or breaking news. A Wall Street Journal news story about research that was rejected for publication by Lancet is not a suitable source of facts for an encylopedia. After this original research has been published you can link to it. Sci guy 02:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The research is not original to Wikipedia. It has been published elsewhere, though certainly I admit it has not yet had the benefit of peer review. Nevertheless, the article does not claim it to be fact - it only states what the article says. Please stop censoring information. - Jakew 10:38, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * A story in a newspaper is not publication. If we reported every newspaper story about AIDS, the AIDS article would be a confused mess. Sci guy 03:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Circumcision controversy section 18 July 2005
Many studies have explored the suggestion that uncircumcised men may be more vulnerable to HIV infection due to a specific type of cell found in the foreskin tissue.

A review and meta-analysis investigating earlier studies of different design claims this reduced risk may have been repeatedly been reported with bias, and concluded that there is no scientific basis for circumcision as a prevention for HIV infection in humans (International Journal of STD & AIDS 1999). Some critics have claimed that that study inappropriately combines data from differing studies. Another review and meta-analysis reported a protective effect of circumcision among adult men in Africa. A 2003 Cochrane review found a strong epidemiological association between male circumcision and prevention of HIV, but recommended waiting for the outcome of randomised controlled trials.

Results of the first randomised controlled trial to investigate the issue were described in the Wall Street Journal on the prevention of HIV transmission claimed that adult men circumcised during the study had a reduced the risk of contracting HIV. Limiting the analysis exclusively to the female-to-male pathway of infection, a reduction of 70 percent was reported. According to the newspaper account, the study in South Africa was stopped by the data and safety monitoring board for ethical concerns. Female-to-male sexual transmission is an uncommon route of HIV infection in the Western world, but is more common in Africa.

The researchers suggested that uncircumcised men may be more vulnerable to HIV infection due to a specific type of cell found in the foreskin tissue, a suggestion supported by other research. Other researchers have suggested that these risks have more to do with hygiene practices, or with the presence of other sexually transmitted infections causing breaks in the skin.

It has also been reported, however, that HIV infections may have been spread in Africa by ritual circumcision.

The latest
Here it is, off my The Body newsletter:

http://www.thebody.com/kaiser/2005/jul27_05/circumcision_hiv.html

Thanks. WHO/UNAIDS statement here. - Jakew 17:58, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:HIV/AIDS/Archive 10


text:
User:Andymanj

Andy Jeter
I'm a graphic arts teacher from Cape Coral, Florida. I was born and raised in Gainesville, Florida and attendend the University of Florida where I received a BFA in Electronic Intermedia. Please visit my website to learn more about me.

Andyjeter.com

title: User:Andymanj


text:
User talk:BBnet3000

Welcome to the Wikipedia!
Welcome to the Wikipedia, BBnet3000! And thanks for weighing in on the Ann Coulter talk page...

Here are some perfunctory tips to speed your indoctrination into the Wikipedia experience:

 * Take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial.
 * When it strikes your fancy, try to grasp some of the nuances at Manual of Style, Assume good faith and Policies and Guidelines.  But keep in mind the unique style you brought to the Wiki!
 * Don't worry about keeping up with the Jones' learning curve on NPOV, but be respectful of others' POV and use a neutral point of view; your unique perspective on the meaning of neutrality is invaluable!
 * If you need any help, post your question at the Help Desk.
 * Explore, be bold in editing, and, above all else, have fun!

And some odds and ends:

 * Policy Library
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You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes: ~~~~.

Best of luck, BBnet3000, and have fun! Ombudsman 19:32, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

revert dispute International reactions to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
Hi and welcome, There is an dispute in International reactions to the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. The dispute is over inclusion of the AIPAC reaction to a US House of Representatives Resolution expressing support for Israel. Various accusations are being thrown around by Comrade438 eg. im being accused of trying to paint a "zionist conspiracy".

Comrade438 has made few silly edits, and comments, along with what might be a threat. It degenerated to Comrade438 blocking the page without consulting WP:RPP, then reverting last changes. I am trying to alert other users who have edited the article to this dispute as I believe the detail should be included. Is it possible you can look and see if you agree that AIPAC's reaction should be included in the article? I dont believe its a content issue and is possible trolling. I previously highlighted the problems on wikipedian noticeboard 82.29.227.171 21:26, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Redirect of List of prostitution-related jargon terms
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on List of prostitution-related jargon terms, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because List of prostitution-related jargon terms is a redirect to a non-existent page (CSD R1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting List of prostitution-related jargon terms, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. CSDWarnBot 03:33, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:BBnet3000


text: File:SOSBBCover.jpg

title: File:SOSBBCover.jpg


text:
Wao

Wao or WAO may refer to:

Places

 * Wao, Lanao del Sur, a municipality in the Philippines
 * Wao State, a former princely state in Banas Katha, Gujarat, India

Other uses

 * Wao language, a language isolate of the Amazon rainforest
 * Wappo language, an extinct language of North America
 * West Australian Opera
 * Wet air oxidation
 * Women's Aid Organisation, a Malaysian non-governmental organization
 * World Allergy Organization
 * World Autism Organisation
 * Yōka Wao (born 1968), Japanese actress
 * Oscar Wao, protagonist of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao

title: Wao


text:
Mitchell, Illinois

Mitchell is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,217. It is part of the Metro East region of greater St. Louis.

Geography
Mitchell is located in western Madison County at the junction of Interstate 270 and Illinois Route 203, part of former U.S. Route 66, approximately 13 mi northeast of downtown St. Louis. It is bordered to the south and east by Pontoon Beach, to the northeast by Edwardsville, and to the northwest by the unincorporated community of Brooks. Granite City is 6 mi to the southwest via IL 203. A few years ago, Mitchell tried to become an independent city, but that vote was never allowed because of court challenges from nearby communities.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Mitchell CDP has an area of 0.56 sqmi, all land. The community sits on the Mississippi River floodplain, known in the region as American Bottom.

The lone school in the town is Mitchell Elementary School. Near town to the east is the Gateway Commercial Business Center, a place of trucking companies and more. Also located in Mitchell is the Luna Cafe, a historic landmark along old Route 66.

title: Mitchell, Illinois


text:
Matty Simmons

Martin Gerald "Matty" Simmons (October 3, 1926 – April 29, 2020) was an American film and television producer, newspaper reporter for the New York World-Telegram and Sun, and Executive Vice President of Diners Club, the first credit card company. Simmons gained his greatest fame while serving as the chief executive officer of Twenty First Century Communications (renamed National Lampoon Inc., after its best-known product).

Life and career
Simmons was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1926, the son of Kate (Shapiro), a homemaker, and Irving Simmons, a sign painter. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II.

In 1950, Frank X. McNamara, Ralph Schneider, Alfred S. Bloomingdale, and Simmons formed Diners Club, the first independent payment card company in the world, successfully establishing the financial service of issuing travel and entertainment (T&E) credit cards as a viable business. In 1952, Simmons and fellow Diners Club employee Leonard A. Mogel created Diners Club News (later known as Signature Magazine).

Simmons and his brother Don formed Simmons Associates in the 1950s, publishing a book called On the House: History and Guide to Dining and Night Life, "a history of and guide to four hundred outstanding restaurants and nightclubs." The book featured "decorations" by Antonio Fabrés.

In 1967, Simmons and Mogel left Diners Club and formed Twenty First Century Communications, Inc.. The company's first publication was Cheetah, a counterculture magazine connected with the popular Cheetah nightclub chain. While Cheetah failed, the partners had more success with Weight Watchers magazine (which launched in January 1968) and National Lampoon magazine (launched in 1970). From 1971 to 1973, Twenty First Century Communications published a revived Liberty magazine.

In the mid-1970s, National Lampoon expanded into radio, theater, records, and film. Simmons is given credit for raiding "Chicago’s satirical Second City troupe to bring Belushi to New York for the 1973 revue National Lampoon's Lemmings."

In 1977, Simmons and Mogel added Heavy Metal magazine to the roster, publishing the graphic fantasy magazine under the subsidiary HM Communications, Inc. In 1981, Simmons installed his daughter, Julie Simmons-Lynch, as editor of Heavy Metal, a position she held for more than eleven years. In 1985, National Lampoon ' s entire editorial staff was fired, with the top positions replaced by Simmons' sons Michael Simmons and Andy Simmons. (Michael Simmons had served in various prior positions at the company, including being the first compiler of the "True Facts" section of the magazine; working as "the doorman at the Village Gate where National Lampoon's Lemmings played and for which he handled underground/rock press and radio PR"; acting as "company manager for their second stage show, The National Lampoon Show"; and heading a rockabilly band that backed a 1977 stage iteration of the show.)

In March 1989, Simmons sold his ten-percent share in National Lampoon, Inc. to film producers Daniel Grodnik and Tim Matheson for six dollars a share (more than $761,400), resigned as chairman of the board, and departed the company along with his son Michael Simmons.

Simmons's film credits included being the producer of National Lampoon's Animal House and the National Lampoon's Vacation film series.

He wrote seven books, including If You Don't Buy This Book, We'll Kill This Dog!, published in 1994. His last one, Fat, Drunk, and Stupid: The Making of Animal House, was published by St. Martin's Press in 2012.

In the 2018 film, A Futile and Stupid Gesture, about the rise and fall of National Lampoon, Simmons was played by comedian Matt Walsh.

On April 29, 2020, Simmons died at the age of 93 in Los Angeles from a brief illness.

Publications
Simmons' and Leonard Mogel's publishing venture, Twenty First Century Communications, Inc. (renamed National Lampoon, Inc. in 1979) operated from 1967 to 1990 (although Simmons and Mogel sold their shares and left National Lampoon, Inc. c. March 1989). The company was responsible for publishing a number of magazines — and supplementary material — from the late 1960s through the 1980s. Besides Simmons and Mogel, other employees of the company included William T. Lippe, who went from associate publisher of National Lampoon to vice president, advertising sales. Gerald L. "Jerry" Taylor was National Lampoon ' s publisher from October 1971 to at least the end of 1974; he later became publisher of Harper's Bazaar.
 * Cheetah (Oct 1967–May 1968)
 * Weight Watchers magazine (Jan 1968–1975; publication taken over by Family Media)
 * National Lampoon magazine (Apr 1970–Oct 1990; publication taken over by J2 Communications) — also regularly published National Lampoon "special editions" which were sold simultaneously on newsstands. Some of the special editions were "best-of" omnibus collections; others were entirely original. Additional projects included a calendar, a songbook, a collection of transfer designs for T-shirts, and a number of books.
 * Liberty (Summer 1971–Summer 1973; publication taken over by Liberty Library Corporation)
 * Heavy Metal magazine (under the imprint HM Communications, Inc.) (Apr 1977–Oct 1990; publication taken over by J2 Communications)

title: Matty Simmons