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112th United States Congress

The 112th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011, until January 3, 2013. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008. Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census.

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives. While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987). It was also the first Congress since the 36th Congress, over 150 years, in which the Republican Party held the House but not the Senate. In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949). This was the only Congress between the 79th (1945–1947) and the 117th (2021–2023) that did not include a member of the Kennedy family.

As of 2022, this is the most recent Congress in which Democrats held a Senate seat in Nebraska or a House seat in Arkansas, the last in which Republicans held both Senate seats in Maine, and the last in which Democrats did not hold all seats in Connecticut.

Major events

 * January 6, 2011: On the second day of the 112th Congress, the House of Representatives read a modified version of the U.S. Constitution, a first.
 * January 8, 2011: 2011 Tucson shooting: Representative Gabby Giffords and nineteen other people were shot by a gunman in Tucson, Arizona. Six of them, including a federal judge and a congressional aide, died. Votes on the House floor were suspended for one week.
 * January 25, 2011: 2011 State of the Union Address
 * March 19, 2011: The United States initiated Operation Odyssey Dawn as part of the international military intervention in the Libyan Civil War. The intervention continued under the auspices of NATO as Operation Unified Protector until the end of military operations in October 2011.
 * May 2, 2011: Navy SEALs killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden in Operation Neptune Spear.
 * April 9, 2011: A last-minute deal between both parties averts a partial shutdown of the federal government.
 * August 2, 2011: The 2011 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Budget Control Act of 2011.
 * December 18, 2011: The United States completed its withdrawal of troops from Iraq, formally ending the Iraq War.
 * January 24, 2012: 2012 State of the Union Address
 * June 28, 2012: In National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, the Supreme Court upheld the Affordable Care Act's constitutionality but found the expansion of Medicaid unconstitutionally coercive on the states.
 * November 6, 2012: 2012 general elections, including:
 * 2012 United States House of Representatives elections, in which Democrats gained eight seats, but not enough to retake the majority
 * 2012 United States Senate elections, in which Democrats gained two seats in their majority
 * 2012 United States presidential election, in which Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term
 * December 14, 2012: The Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting leaves 28 dead, and prompts debate on gun control in the United States.
 * January 1, 2013: United States fiscal cliff avoided. (See American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012)

Potential government shutdown
A failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9, 2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent. President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the days preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget. A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow more time for negotiations; however, proposals from both parties could not be accommodated. Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts. This was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood. However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a one-week budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue. The two parties ultimately agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week.

There were many reactions to the possible shutdown with some saying the economy could be hurt during a fragile recovery and others saying the lack of an unnecessary bureaucracy would not be noticed. There was also criticism that while senators and representatives would continue to get paid others such as the police and military personnel would either not be paid for their work or have their payments deferred.

Debt limit crisis

On August 2, 2011, the United States public debt was projected to reach its statutory maximum. Without an increase in that limit the U.S. Treasury would be unable to borrow money to pay its bills. Although previous statutory increases have been routine, conservative members of the House refused to allow an increase without drastically reducing government spending. Over several weeks and months, negotiators from both parties, both houses, and the White House worked to forge a compromise. The compromise bill, the Budget Control Act of 2011, was enacted on August 2.

Enacted

 * April 15, 2011: 2011 United States federal budget (as Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011),
 * August 2, 2011: Budget Control Act of 2011,
 * September 16, 2011: Leahy-Smith America Invents Act,
 * October 21, 2011: United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act,
 * October 21, 2011: United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act,
 * October 21, 2011: United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act,
 * December 20, 2011: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, Pub.L. 112-74
 * December 31, 2011: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012,
 * February 22, 2012: Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012,
 * March 8, 2012: Federal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act of 2011,
 * April 4, 2012: Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (STOCK Act),
 * April 5, 2012: Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act),
 * May 30, 2012: Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012, Pub.L. 112-122
 * July 6, 2012: Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21 Act),
 * July 9, 2012: Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA),
 * September 28, 2012: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013,
 * November 27, 2012: Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012,
 * November 27, 2012: European Union Emissions Trading Scheme Prohibition Act, Pub.L. 112-200
 * December 14, 2012: Magnitsky Act,
 * January 2, 2013: American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012,
 * January 10, 2013: Katie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012 (Katie's Law), Pub.L. 111-253

Proposed

 * American Jobs Act,
 * Cut, Cap and Balance Act,
 * Domestic Fuels Protection Act H.R. 4345
 * Federal Reserve Transparency Act, ,
 * No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act,
 * PROTECT IP Act,
 * Protect Life Act,
 * Repealing the Job-Killing Health Care Law Act,
 * Respect for Marriage Act, ,
 * Stop Online Piracy Act,
 * See also: Active Legislation, 112th Congress, via senate.gov

Party summary

 * Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.

Senate
[[File:112USSenateStructure.svg|thumb|300px|Final Senate Membership

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House of Representatives
[[File:112thHouseofReps.svg|thumb|300px|Final House Membership

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Senate

 * President: Joe Biden (D)
 * President pro tempore: Daniel Inouye (D), until December 17, 2012
 * Patrick Leahy (D), from December 17, 2012

Majority (Democratic) leadership

 * Majority Leader and Caucus Chair: Harry Reid
 * Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): Dick Durbin
 * Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman and Policy Committee Chairman: Chuck Schumer
 * Senatorial Campaign Committee Chairman and Caucus Secretary: Patty Murray
 * Policy Committee Vice Chairman: Debbie Stabenow
 * Steering and Outreach Committee Chairman: Mark Begich
 * Steering and Outreach Committee Vice Chairman: Daniel Akaka
 * Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer

Minority (Republican) leadership

 * Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell
 * Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Jon Kyl
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Lamar Alexander, until 2012
 * John Thune, from 2012
 * Policy Committee Chairman: John Thune, until 2012
 * John Barrasso, from 2012
 * Republican Conference Vice Chairman: John Barrasso, until 2012
 * Roy Blunt, from 2012
 * National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Cornyn
 * Deputy Whips: Roy Blunt, Richard Burr, Mike Crapo, Saxby Chambliss, Rob Portman, Olympia Snowe, David Vitter, Roger Wicker

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: John Boehner (R)

Majority (Republican) leadership

 * Majority Leader: Eric Cantor
 * Majority Whip: Kevin McCarthy
 * Majority Chief Deputy Whip: Peter Roskam
 * House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Jeb Hensarling
 * Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Pete Sessions
 * Policy Committee Chairman: Tom Price
 * Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Cathy McMorris Rodgers
 * Republican Conference Secretary: John Carter
 * Campaign Committee Deputy Chairman: Greg Walden

Minority (Democratic) leadership

 * Minority Leader: Nancy Pelosi
 * Minority Whip: Steny Hoyer
 * Assistant Democratic Leader: Jim Clyburn
 * Senior Chief Deputy Minority Whip: John Lewis
 * Chief Deputy Minority Whips: Maxine Waters, Jim Matheson, Ed Pastor, Jan Schakowsky, Joseph Crowley, Diana DeGette, G. K. Butterfield, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Peter Welch
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: John B. Larson
 * Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Xavier Becerra
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Steve Israel
 * Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro and George Miller
 * Organization, Study, and Review Chairman: Mike Capuano

Members
For the first time in the history of Congress, over half its members were millionaires as of 2012; Democrats had a median net worth of $1.04 million, while the Republicans median was "almost exactly" $1.00 million. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2014; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2016.

Alabama

 * 2. Jeff Sessions (R)
 * 3. Richard Shelby (R)

Alaska

 * 2. Mark Begich (D)
 * 3. Lisa Murkowski (R)

Arizona

 * 1. Jon Kyl (R)
 * 3. John McCain (R)

Arkansas

 * 2. Mark Pryor (D)
 * 3. John Boozman (R)

California

 * 1. Dianne Feinstein (D)
 * 3. Barbara Boxer (D)

Colorado

 * 2. Mark Udall (D)
 * 3. Michael Bennet (D)

Connecticut

 * 1. Joe Lieberman (I)
 * 3. Richard Blumenthal (D)

Delaware

 * 1. Tom Carper (D)
 * 2. Chris Coons (D)

Florida

 * 1. Bill Nelson (D)
 * 3. Marco Rubio (R)

Georgia

 * 2. Saxby Chambliss (R)
 * 3. Johnny Isakson (R)

Hawaii

 * 1. Daniel Akaka (D)
 * 3. Daniel Inouye (D), until December 17, 2012
 * Brian Schatz (D), from December 26, 2012

Idaho

 * 2. Jim Risch (R)
 * 3. Mike Crapo (R)

Illinois

 * 2. Dick Durbin (D)
 * 3. Mark Kirk (R)

Indiana

 * 1. Richard Lugar (R)
 * 3. Dan Coats (R)

Iowa

 * 2. Tom Harkin (D)
 * 3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas

 * 2. Pat Roberts (R)
 * 3. Jerry Moran (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. Mitch McConnell (R)
 * 3. Rand Paul (R)

Louisiana

 * 2. Mary Landrieu (D)
 * 3. David Vitter (R)

Maine

 * 1. Olympia Snowe (R)
 * 2. Susan Collins (R)

Maryland

 * 1. Ben Cardin (D)
 * 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Scott Brown (R)
 * 2. John Kerry (D)

Michigan

 * 1. Debbie Stabenow (D)
 * 2. Carl Levin (D)

Minnesota

 * 1. Amy Klobuchar (D)
 * 2. Al Franken (D)

Mississippi

 * 1. Roger Wicker (R)
 * 2. Thad Cochran (R)

Missouri

 * 1. Claire McCaskill (D)
 * 3. Roy Blunt (R)

Montana

 * 1. Jon Tester (D)
 * 2. Max Baucus (D)

Nebraska

 * 1. Ben Nelson (D)
 * 2. Mike Johanns (R)

Nevada

 * 1. John Ensign (R), until May 3, 2011
 * Dean Heller (R), from May 9, 2011
 * 3. Harry Reid (D)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Jeanne Shaheen (D)
 * 3. Kelly Ayotte (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Bob Menendez (D)
 * 2. Frank Lautenberg (D)

New Mexico

 * 1. Jeff Bingaman (D)
 * 2. Tom Udall (D)

New York

 * 1. Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
 * 3. Charles Schumer (D)

North Carolina

 * 2. Kay Hagan (D)
 * 3. Richard Burr (R)

North Dakota

 * 1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL)
 * 3. John Hoeven (R)

Ohio

 * 1. Sherrod Brown (D)
 * 3. Rob Portman (R)

Oklahoma

 * 2. Jim Inhofe (R)
 * 3. Tom Coburn (R)

Oregon

 * 2. Jeff Merkley (D)
 * 3. Ron Wyden (D)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Bob Casey Jr. (D)
 * 3. Pat Toomey (R)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
 * 2. Jack Reed (D)

South Carolina

 * 2. Lindsey Graham (R)
 * 3. Jim DeMint (R), until January 2, 2013
 * Tim Scott (R), from January 2, 2013

South Dakota

 * 2. Tim Johnson (D)
 * 3. John Thune (R)

Tennessee

 * 1. Bob Corker (R)
 * 2. Lamar Alexander (R)

Texas

 * 1. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R)
 * 2. John Cornyn (R)

Utah

 * 1. Orrin Hatch (R)
 * 3. Mike Lee (R)

Vermont

 * 1. Bernie Sanders (I)
 * 3. Patrick Leahy (D)

Virginia

 * 1. Jim Webb (D)
 * 2. Mark Warner (D)

Washington

 * 1. Maria Cantwell (D)
 * 3. Patty Murray (D)

West Virginia

 * 1. Joe Manchin (D)
 * 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)

Wisconsin

 * 1. Herb Kohl (D)
 * 3. Ron Johnson (R)

Wyoming

 * 1. John Barrasso (R)
 * 2. Mike Enzi (R)

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Jo Bonner (R)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. Martha Roby (R)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Mike Rogers (R)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Robert Aderholt (R)
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. Mo Brooks (R)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. Spencer Bachus (R)
 * Alabama's 7th congressional district. Terri Sewell (D)

Alaska

 * Alaska's at-large congressional district. Don Young (R)

Arizona

 * Arizona's 1st congressional district. Paul Gosar (R)
 * Arizona's 2nd congressional district. Trent Franks (R)
 * Arizona's 3rd congressional district. Ben Quayle (R)
 * Arizona's 4th congressional district. Ed Pastor (D)
 * Arizona's 5th congressional district. David Schweikert (R)
 * Arizona's 6th congressional district. Jeff Flake (R)
 * Arizona's 7th congressional district. Raúl Grijalva (D)
 * Arizona's 8th congressional district. Gabby Giffords (D), until January 25, 2012
 * Ron Barber (D), from June 12, 2012

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. Rick Crawford (R)
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. Tim Griffin (R)
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. Steve Womack (R)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. Mike Ross (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. Mike Thompson (D)
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Wally Herger (R)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. Dan Lungren (R)
 * California's 4th congressional district. Tom McClintock (R)
 * California's 5th congressional district. Doris Matsui (D)
 * California's 6th congressional district. Lynn Woolsey (D)
 * California's 7th congressional district. George Miller (D)
 * California's 8th congressional district. Nancy Pelosi (D)
 * California's 9th congressional district. Barbara Lee (D)
 * California's 10th congressional district. John Garamendi (D)
 * California's 11th congressional district. Jerry McNerney (D)
 * California's 12th congressional district. Jackie Speier (D)
 * California's 13th congressional district. Pete Stark (D)
 * California's 14th congressional district. Anna Eshoo (D)
 * California's 15th congressional district. Mike Honda (D)
 * California's 16th congressional district. Zoe Lofgren (D)
 * California's 17th congressional district. Sam Farr (D)
 * California's 18th congressional district. Dennis Cardoza (D), until August 15, 2012
 * Vacant from August 15, 2012
 * California's 19th congressional district. Jeff Denham (R)
 * California's 20th congressional district. Jim Costa (D)
 * California's 21st congressional district. Devin Nunes (R)
 * California's 22nd congressional district. Kevin McCarthy (R)
 * California's 23rd congressional district. Lois Capps (D)
 * California's 24th congressional district. Elton Gallegly (R)
 * California's 25th congressional district. Howard McKeon (R)
 * California's 26th congressional district. David Dreier (R)
 * California's 27th congressional district. Brad Sherman (D)
 * California's 28th congressional district. Howard Berman (D)
 * California's 29th congressional district. Adam Schiff (D)
 * California's 30th congressional district. Henry Waxman (D)
 * California's 31st congressional district. Xavier Becerra (D)
 * California's 32nd congressional district. Judy Chu (D)
 * California's 33rd congressional district. Karen Bass (D)
 * California's 34th congressional district. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D)
 * California's 35th congressional district. Maxine Waters (D)
 * California's 36th congressional district. Jane Harman (D), until February 28, 2011
 * Janice Hahn (D), from July 12, 2011
 * California's 37th congressional district. Laura Richardson (D)
 * California's 38th congressional district. Grace Napolitano (D)
 * California's 39th congressional district. Linda Sanchez (D)
 * California's 40th congressional district. Ed Royce (R)
 * California's 41st congressional district. Jerry Lewis (R)
 * California's 42nd congressional district. Gary Miller (R)
 * California's 43rd congressional district. Joe Baca (D)
 * California's 44th congressional district. Ken Calvert (R)
 * California's 45th congressional district. Mary Bono Mack (R)
 * California's 46th congressional district. Dana Rohrabacher (R)
 * California's 47th congressional district. Loretta Sanchez (D)
 * California's 48th congressional district. John Campbell (R)
 * California's 49th congressional district. Darrell Issa (R)
 * California's 50th congressional district. Brian Bilbray (R)
 * California's 51st congressional district. Bob Filner (D), until December 3, 2012
 * Vacant from December 3, 2012
 * California's 52nd congressional district. Duncan D. Hunter (R)
 * California's 53rd congressional district. Susan Davis (D)

Colorado

 * Colorado's 1st congressional district. Diana DeGette (D)
 * Colorado's 2nd congressional district. Jared Polis (D)
 * Colorado's 3rd congressional district. Scott Tipton (R)
 * Colorado's 4th congressional district. Cory Gardner (R)
 * Colorado's 5th congressional district. Doug Lamborn (R)
 * Colorado's 6th congressional district. Mike Coffman (R)
 * Colorado's 7th congressional district. Ed Perlmutter (D)

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. John Larson (D)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. Joe Courtney (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. Rosa DeLauro (D)
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. Jim Himes (D)
 * Connecticut's 5th congressional district. Chris Murphy (D)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. John Carney (D)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. Jeff Miller (R)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Steve Southerland (R)
 * Florida's 3rd congressional district. Corrine Brown (D)
 * Florida's 4th congressional district. Ander Crenshaw (R)
 * Florida's 5th congressional district. Rich Nugent (R)
 * Florida's 6th congressional district. Cliff Stearns (R)
 * Florida's 7th congressional district. John Mica (R)
 * Florida's 8th congressional district. Daniel Webster (R)
 * Florida's 9th congressional district. Gus Bilirakis (R)
 * Florida's 10th congressional district. Bill Young (R)
 * Florida's 11th congressional district. Kathy Castor (D)
 * Florida's 12th congressional district. Dennis Ross (R)
 * Florida's 13th congressional district. Vern Buchanan (R)
 * Florida's 14th congressional district. Connie Mack (R)
 * Florida's 15th congressional district. Bill Posey (R)
 * Florida's 16th congressional district. Tom Rooney (R)
 * Florida's 17th congressional district. Frederica Wilson (D)
 * Florida's 18th congressional district. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R)
 * Florida's 19th congressional district. Ted Deutch (D)
 * Florida's 20th congressional district. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)
 * Florida's 21st congressional district. Mario Diaz-Balart (R)
 * Florida's 22nd congressional district. Allen West (R)
 * Florida's 23rd congressional district. Alcee Hastings (D)
 * Florida's 24th congressional district. Sandy Adams (R)
 * Florida's 25th congressional district. David Rivera (R)

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Jack Kingston (R)
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. Sanford Bishop (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Lynn Westmoreland (R)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Hank Johnson (D)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. John Lewis (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. Tom Price (R)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. Rob Woodall (R)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. Austin Scott (R)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Tom Graves (R)
 * Georgia's 10th congressional district. Paul Broun (R)
 * Georgia's 11th congressional district. Phil Gingrey (R)
 * Georgia's 12th congressional district. John Barrow (D)
 * Georgia's 13th congressional district. David Scott (D)

Hawaii

 * Hawaii's 1st congressional district. Colleen Hanabusa (D)
 * Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. Mazie Hirono (D)

Idaho

 * Idaho's 1st congressional district. Raul Labrador (R)
 * Idaho's 2nd congressional district. Mike Simpson (R)

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. Bobby Rush (D)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Jesse Jackson Jr. (D), until November 21, 2012.
 * Vacant from November 21, 2012
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. Dan Lipinski (D)
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. Luis Gutierrez (D)
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Michael Quigley (D)
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Peter Roskam (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Danny Davis (D)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Joe Walsh (R)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Jan Schakowsky (D)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. Bob Dold (R)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. Adam Kinzinger (R)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. Jerry Costello (D)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. Judy Biggert (R)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. Randy Hultgren (R)
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. Tim Johnson (R)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. Don Manzullo (R)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. Bobby Schilling (R)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. Aaron Schock (R)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. John Shimkus (R)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Pete Visclosky (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. Joe Donnelly (D)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. Marlin Stutzman (R)
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. Todd Rokita (R)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. Dan Burton (R)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Mike Pence (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. André Carson (D)
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Larry Bucshon (R)
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Todd Young (R)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. Bruce Braley (D)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. David Loebsack (D)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. Leonard Boswell (D)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Tom Latham (R)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. Steve King (R)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. Tim Huelskamp (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. Lynn Jenkins (R)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. Kevin Yoder (R)
 * Kansas's 4th congressional district. Mike Pompeo (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Ed Whitfield (R)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. Brett Guthrie (R)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. John Yarmuth (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Geoff Davis (R), until July 31, 2012
 * Thomas Massie (R), from November 13, 2012
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Hal Rogers (R)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Ben Chandler (D)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Steve Scalise (R)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. Cedric Richmond (D)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Jeff Landry (R)
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. John Fleming (R)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. Rodney Alexander (R)
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Bill Cassidy (R)
 * Louisiana's 7th congressional district. Charles Boustany (R)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. Chellie Pingree (D)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. Mike Michaud (D)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Andrew Harris (R)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Dutch Ruppersberger (D)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. John Sarbanes (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Donna Edwards (D)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Steny Hoyer (D)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. Roscoe Bartlett (R)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Elijah Cummings (D)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Chris Van Hollen (D)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. John Olver (D)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Richard Neal (D)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Jim McGovern (D)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Barney Frank (D)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Niki Tsongas (D)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. John Tierney (D)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Ed Markey (D)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Mike Capuano (D)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Stephen Lynch (D)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. William Keating (D)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. Dan Benishek (R)
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Bill Huizenga (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. Justin Amash (R)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Dave Camp (R)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. Dale Kildee (D)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. Fred Upton (R)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Tim Walberg (R)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. Mike Rogers (R)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Gary Peters (D)
 * Michigan's 10th congressional district. Candice Miller (R)
 * Michigan's 11th congressional district. Thaddeus McCotter (R) until July 6, 2012
 * David Curson (D) from November 13, 2012
 * Michigan's 12th congressional district. Sander Levin (D)
 * Michigan's 13th congressional district. Hansen Clarke (D)
 * Michigan's 14th congressional district. John Conyers (D)
 * Michigan's 15th congressional district. John Dingell (D)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Tim Walz (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. John Kline (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. Erik Paulsen (R)
 * Minnesota's 4th congressional district. Betty McCollum (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 5th congressional district. Keith Ellison (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 6th congressional district. Michele Bachmann (R)
 * Minnesota's 7th congressional district. Collin Peterson (DFL)
 * Minnesota's 8th congressional district. Chip Cravaack (R)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. Alan Nunnelee (R)
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. Bennie Thompson (D)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Gregg Harper (R)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Steven Palazzo (R)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. Lacy Clay (D)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Todd Akin (R)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. Russ Carnahan (D)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Vicky Hartzler (R)
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. Emanuel Cleaver (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. Sam Graves (R)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. Bill Long (R)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Jo Ann Emerson (R)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. Blaine Luetkemeyer (R)

Montana

 * Montana's at-large congressional district. Denny Rehberg (R)

Nebraska

 * Nebraska's 1st congressional district. Jeff Fortenberry (R)
 * Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. Lee Terry (R)
 * Nebraska's 3rd congressional district. Adrian Smith (R)

Nevada

 * Nevada's 1st congressional district. Shelley Berkley (D)
 * Nevada's 2nd congressional district. Dean Heller (R), until May 9, 2011
 * Mark Amodei (R), from September 13, 2011
 * Nevada's 3rd congressional district. Joe Heck (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Frank Guinta (R)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. Charles Bass (R)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. Rob Andrews (D)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. Frank LoBiondo (R)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. Jon Runyan (R)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Chris Smith (R)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Scott Garrett (R)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Frank Pallone (D)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. Leonard Lance (R)
 * New Jersey's 8th congressional district. Bill Pascrell (D)
 * New Jersey's 9th congressional district. Steve Rothman (D)
 * New Jersey's 10th congressional district. Donald Payne (D), until March 6, 2012
 * Donald Payne Jr. (D), from November 15, 2012
 * New Jersey's 11th congressional district. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R)
 * New Jersey's 12th congressional district. Rush Holt Jr. (D)
 * New Jersey's 13th congressional district. Albio Sires (D)

New Mexico

 * New Mexico's 1st congressional district. Martin Heinrich (D)
 * New Mexico's 2nd congressional district. Steve Pearce (R)
 * New Mexico's 3rd congressional district. Ben Lujan (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. Tim Bishop (D)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Steve Israel (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Peter King (R)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Carolyn McCarthy (D)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Gary Ackerman (D)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Gregory Meeks (D)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Joseph Crowley (D)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Jerrold Nadler (D)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Anthony Weiner (D), until June 21, 2011
 * Bob Turner (R), from September 13, 2011
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Edolphus Towns (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Yvette Clarke (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Nydia Velazquez (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Michael Grimm (R)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. Carolyn Maloney (D)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Charles Rangel (D)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. José E. Serrano (D)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Eliot Engel (D)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Nita Lowey (D)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. Nan Hayworth (R)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Chris Gibson (R)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Paul Tonko (D)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. Maurice Hinchey (D)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. Bill Owens (D)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. Richard Hanna (R)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. Ann Marie Buerkle (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Chris Lee (R), until February 9, 2011
 * Kathy Hochul (D), from May 24, 2011
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Brian Higgins (D)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Louise Slaughter (D)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. Tom Reed (R)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. G. K. Butterfield (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Renee Ellmers (R)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Walter B. Jones Jr. (R)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. David Price (D)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Virginia Foxx (R)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Howard Coble (R)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. Mike McIntyre (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Larry Kissell (D)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Sue Myrick (R)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Patrick McHenry (R)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. Heath Shuler (D)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Mel Watt (D)
 * North Carolina's 13th congressional district. Brad Miller (D)

North Dakota

 * North Dakota's at-large congressional district. Rick Berg (R)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Steve Chabot (R)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. Jean Schmidt (R)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Mike Turner (R)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Jim Jordan (R)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Bob Latta (R)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Bill Johnson (R)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Steve Austria (R)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. John Boehner (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. Marcy Kaptur (D)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. Dennis Kucinich (D)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. Marcia Fudge (D)
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. Pat Tiberi (R)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Betty Sutton (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Steve LaTourette (R)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Steve Stivers (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. Jim Renacci (R)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. Tim Ryan (D)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. Bob Gibbs (R)

Oklahoma

 * Oklahoma's 1st congressional district. John Sullivan (R)
 * Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district. Dan Boren (D)
 * Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district. Frank Lucas (R)
 * Oklahoma's 4th congressional district. Tom Cole (R)
 * Oklahoma's 5th congressional district. James Lankford (R)

Oregon

 * Oregon's 1st congressional district. David Wu (D), until August 3, 2011
 * Suzanne Bonamici (D), from January 31, 2012
 * Oregon's 2nd congressional district. Greg Walden (R)
 * Oregon's 3rd congressional district. Earl Blumenauer (D)
 * Oregon's 4th congressional district. Peter DeFazio (D)
 * Oregon's 5th congressional district. Kurt Schrader (D)

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Bob Brady (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Chaka Fattah (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Mike Kelly (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Jason Altmire (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Glenn Thompson (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Jim Gerlach (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Pat Meehan (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Mike Fitzpatrick (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. Bill Shuster (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Tom Marino (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Lou Barletta (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. Mark Critz (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. Allyson Schwartz (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. Michael Doyle (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Charlie Dent (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Joseph Pitts (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. Tim Holden (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. Timothy Murphy (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Todd Platts (R)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. David Cicilline (D)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. James Langevin (D)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Tim Scott (R), until January 2, 2013
 * Vacant from January 2, 2013
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Joe Wilson (R)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Jeff Duncan (R)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. Trey Gowdy (R)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Mick Mulvaney (R)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Jim Clyburn (D)

South Dakota

 * South Dakota's at-large congressional district. Kristi Noem (R)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. Phil Roe (R)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Jimmy Duncan (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Chuck Fleischmann (R)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Scott DesJarlais (R)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Jim Cooper (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Diane Black (R)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Marsha Blackburn (R)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. Stephen Fincher (R)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. Steve Cohen (D)

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. Louie Gohmert (R)
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. Ted Poe (R)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. Sam Johnson (R)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. Ralph Hall (R)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. Jeb Hensarling (R)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Joe Barton (R)
 * Texas's 7th congressional district. John Culberson (R)
 * Texas's 8th congressional district. Kevin Brady (R)
 * Texas's 9th congressional district. Al Green (D)
 * Texas's 10th congressional district. Michael McCaul (R)
 * Texas's 11th congressional district. Mike Conaway (R)
 * Texas's 12th congressional district. Kay Granger (R)
 * Texas's 13th congressional district. Mac Thornberry (R)
 * Texas's 14th congressional district. Ron Paul (R)
 * Texas's 15th congressional district. Ruben Hinojosa (D)
 * Texas's 16th congressional district. Silvestre Reyes (D)
 * Texas's 17th congressional district. Bill Flores (R)
 * Texas's 18th congressional district. Sheila Jackson Lee (D)
 * Texas's 19th congressional district. Randy Neugebauer (R)
 * Texas's 20th congressional district. Charlie Gonzalez (D)
 * Texas's 21st congressional district. Lamar Smith (R)
 * Texas's 22nd congressional district. Pete Olson (R)
 * Texas's 23rd congressional district. Quico Canseco (R)
 * Texas's 24th congressional district. Kenny Marchant (R)
 * Texas's 25th congressional district. Lloyd Doggett (D)
 * Texas's 26th congressional district. Michael Burgess (R)
 * Texas's 27th congressional district. Blake Farenthold (R)
 * Texas's 28th congressional district. Henry Cuellar (D)
 * Texas's 29th congressional district. Gene Green (D)
 * Texas's 30th congressional district. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)
 * Texas's 31st congressional district. John Carter (R)
 * Texas's 32nd congressional district. Pete Sessions (R)

Utah

 * Utah's 1st congressional district. Rob Bishop (R)
 * Utah's 2nd congressional district. Jim Matheson (D)
 * Utah's 3rd congressional district. Jason Chaffetz (R)

Vermont

 * Vermont's at-large congressional district. Peter Welch (D)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Rob Wittman (R)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Scott Rigell (R)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Bobby Scott (D)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Randy Forbes (R)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Robert Hurt (R)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Bob Goodlatte (R)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Eric Cantor (R)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Jim Moran (D)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Morgan Griffith (R)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. Frank Wolf (R)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. Gerry Connolly (D)

Washington

 * Washington's 1st congressional district. Jay Inslee (D), until March 20, 2012
 * Suzan DelBene (D), from November 13, 2012
 * Washington's 2nd congressional district. Rick Larsen (D)
 * Washington's 3rd congressional district. Jaime Herrera Beutler (R)
 * Washington's 4th congressional district. Doc Hastings (R)
 * Washington's 5th congressional district. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)
 * Washington's 6th congressional district. Norman Dicks (D)
 * Washington's 7th congressional district. Jim McDermott (D)
 * Washington's 8th congressional district. Dave Reichert (R)
 * Washington's 9th congressional district. Adam Smith (D)

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. David McKinley (R)
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Shelley Moore Capito (R)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Nick Rahall (D)

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Paul Ryan (R)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Tammy Baldwin (D)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. Ron Kind (D)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. Gwen Moore (D)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Tom Petri (R)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Sean Duffy (R)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. Reid Ribble (R)

Wyoming

 * Wyoming's at-large congressional district. Cynthia Lummis (R)

Non-voting members

 * American Samoa's at-large congressional district. Eni Faleomavaega (D)
 * District of Columbia's at-large congressional district. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
 * Guam's at-large congressional district. Madeleine Bordallo (D)
 * Northern Mariana Islands's at-large congressional district. Gregorio Sablan (D)
 * Puerto Rico's at-large congressional district. Pedro Pierluisi (Resident Commissioner) (D/NPP)
 * United States Virgin Islands's at-large congressional district. Donna Christian-Christensen (D)

Senate
(1) (R) Successor appointed April 27, 2011 and later elected for a full six-year term. (R)
 * Nevada
 * Nevada
 * nowrap | John Ensign
 * Resigned May 3, 2011, due to an Ethics Committee investigation.
 * nowrap | Dean Heller
 * May 9, 2011

(3) (D) Successor appointed December 26, 2012, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017. (D)
 * Hawaii
 * Hawaii
 * nowrap | Daniel Inouye
 * Died December 17, 2012
 * nowrap | Brian Schatz
 * December 27, 2012

(3) (R) Successor appointed January 2, 2013, to serve until a special election was held to finish the term ending January 3, 2017. (R)
 * South Carolina
 * South Carolina
 * nowrap | Jim DeMint
 * Resigned January 1, 2013, to run The Heritage Foundation
 * nowrap | Tim Scott
 * January 2, 2013
 * }

House of Representatives
(R) A special election was held May 24, 2011. (D)
 * NY's 26th congressional district
 * nowrap | Christopher Lee
 * nowrap | Christopher Lee
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 9, 2011, due to a personal scandal.
 * nowrap | Kathy Hochul
 * June 1, 2011

(D) A special election was held July 12, 2011. (D) (R) A special election was held September 13, 2011. (R) (D) A special election was held September 13, 2011. (R)
 * CA's 36th congressional district
 * nowrap | Jane Harman
 * nowrap | Jane Harman
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 28, 2011, to become the head of the Woodrow Wilson Center.
 * nowrap | Janice Hahn
 * July 19, 2011
 * NV's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Dean Heller
 * nowrap | Dean Heller
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 9, 2011, when appointed to the Senate.
 * nowrap | Mark Amodei
 * September 15, 2011
 * NY's 9th congressional district
 * nowrap | Anthony Weiner
 * nowrap | Anthony Weiner
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 21, 2011, due to a personal scandal.
 * nowrap | Bob Turner
 * September 15, 2011

(D) A special election was held January 31, 2012. (D)
 * OR's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | David Wu
 * nowrap | David Wu
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 3, 2011, due to a personal scandal.
 * | Suzanne Bonamici
 * February 7, 2012

(D) A special election was held June 12, 2012. (D)
 * AZ's 8th congressional district
 * nowrap | Gabby Giffords
 * nowrap | Gabby Giffords
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 25, 2012, to focus on recovery from 2011 Tucson shooting.
 * | Ron Barber
 * June 19, 2012

(D) A special election was held November 6, 2012. (D)
 * NJ's 10th congressional district
 * nowrap | Donald M. Payne
 * nowrap | Donald M. Payne
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died March 6, 2012.
 * | Donald Payne Jr.
 * November 15, 2012

(D) A special election was held November 6, 2012. (D)
 * WA's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | Jay Inslee
 * nowrap | Jay Inslee
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 20, 2012, to focus on gubernatorial campaign.
 * | Suzan DelBene
 * November 13, 2012

(R) A special election was held November 6, 2012. (D)
 * MI's 11th congressional district
 * nowrap | Thaddeus McCotter
 * nowrap | Thaddeus McCotter
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 6, 2012, for personal reasons.
 * | David Curson
 * November 13, 2012

(R) A special election was held November 6, 2012. (R)
 * KY's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap | Geoff Davis
 * nowrap | Geoff Davis
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 31, 2012, for personal reasons.
 * | Thomas Massie
 * November 13, 2012

(D) (D) (D) (R)
 * CA's 18th congressional district
 * nowrap | Dennis Cardoza
 * nowrap | Dennis Cardoza
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 15, 2012, for personal reasons.
 * colspan=2 rowspan=4| Vacant until the next Congress
 * IL's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap | Jesse Jackson Jr.
 * nowrap | Jesse Jackson Jr.
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 21, 2012, due to a personal scandal.
 * CA's 51st congressional district
 * nowrap | Bob Filner
 * nowrap | Bob Filner
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 3, 2012, to become Mayor of San Diego.
 * SC's 1st congressional district
 * nowrap | Tim Scott
 * nowrap | Tim Scott
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 2, 2013, when appointed to the United States Senate.
 * }

Committees
[ Section contents: Senate, House, Joint ]

Senate

 * Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry— Chair: Debbie Stabenow, Ranking: Pat Roberts
 * Commodities, Markets, Trade and Risk Management— Chair: Ben Nelson, Ranking: Saxby Chambliss
 * Conservation, Forestry and Natural Resources— Chair: Michael Bennet, Ranking: John Boozman
 * Jobs, Rural Economic Growth and Energy Innovation— Chair: Sherrod Brown, Ranking: John Thune
 * Livestock, Dairy, Poultry, Marketing and Agriculture Security— Chair: Kirsten Gillibrand, Ranking: Mike Johanns
 * Nutrition, Specialty Crops, Food and Agricultural Research— Chair: Bob Casey Jr., Ranking: Richard Lugar
 * Aging (Special)— Chair: Herb Kohl, Ranking: Bob Corker
 * Appropriations— Chair: Daniel Inouye, Ranking: Thad Cochran
 * Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies— Chair: Herb Kohl, Ranking: Roy Blunt
 * Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies— Chair: Barbara Mikulski, Ranking: Kay Bailey Hutchison
 * Defense— Chair: Daniel Inouye, Ranking: Thad Cochran
 * Energy and Water Development— Chair: Dianne Feinstein, Ranking: Lamar Alexander
 * Financial Services and General Government— Chair: Richard Durbin, Ranking: Jerry Moran
 * Homeland Security— Chair: Mary Landrieu, Ranking: Dan Coats
 * Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies— Chair: Jack Reed, Ranking: Lisa Murkowski
 * Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies— Chair: Tom Harkin, Ranking: Richard Shelby
 * Legislative Branch— Chair: Ben Nelson, Ranking: John Hoeven
 * Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies— Chair: Tim Johnson, Ranking: Mark Kirk
 * State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs— Chair: Patrick Leahy, Ranking: Lindsey Graham
 * Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies— Chair: Patty Murray, Ranking: Susan Collins
 * Armed Services— Chair: Carl Levin, Ranking: John McCain
 * Airland— Chair: Joe Lieberman, Ranking: Scott Brown
 * Emerging Threats and Capabilities— Chair: Kay Hagan, Ranking: Rob Portman
 * Personnel— Chair: Jim Webb, Ranking: Lindsey Graham
 * Readiness and Management Support— Chair: Claire McCaskill, Ranking: Kelly Ayotte
 * SeaPower— Chair: Jack Reed, Ranking: Roger Wicker
 * Strategic Forces— Chair: Ben Nelson, Ranking: Jeff Sessions
 * Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs— Chair: Tim Johnson, Ranking: Richard Shelby
 * Economic Policy— Chair: Jon Tester, Ranking: David Vitter
 * Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection— Chair: Sherrod Brown, Ranking: Bob Corker
 * Housing, Transportation, and Community Development— Chair: Robert Menendez, Ranking: Jim DeMint
 * Securities, Insurance, and Investment— Chair: Jack Reed, Ranking: Mike Crapo
 * Security and International Trade and Finance— Chair: Mark Warner, Ranking: Mike Johanns
 * Budget— Chair: Kent Conrad, Ranking: Jeff Sessions
 * Commerce, Science and Transportation— Chair: Jay Rockefeller, Ranking: Kay Bailey Hutchison
 * Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security— Chair: Maria Cantwell, Ranking: John Thune
 * Communications, Technology, and the Internet— Chair: John Kerry, Ranking: John Ensign, then Jim DeMint
 * Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion— Chair: Amy Klobuchar, Ranking: Roy Blunt
 * Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance— Chair: Mark Pryor, Ranking: Pat Toomey
 * Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard— Chair: Mark Begich, Ranking: Olympia Snowe
 * Science and Space— Chair: Bill Nelson, Ranking: John Boozman
 * Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security— Chair: Frank Lautenberg, Ranking: Roger Wicker
 * Energy and Natural Resources— Chair: Jeff Bingaman, Ranking: Lisa Murkowski
 * Energy— Chair: Maria Cantwell, Ranking: Jim Risch
 * National Parks— Chair: Mark Udall, Ranking: Richard Burr
 * Public Lands and Forests— Chair: Ron Wyden, Ranking: John Barrasso
 * Water and Power— Chair: Debbie Stabenow, Ranking: Mike Lee

 * Environment and Public Works— Chair: Barbara Boxer, Ranking: Jim Inhofe
 * Children's Health and Environmental Responsibility— Chair: Amy Klobuchar, Ranking: Lamar Alexander
 * Clean Air and Nuclear Safety— Chair: Tom Carper, Ranking: John Barrasso
 * Green Jobs and the New Economy— Chair: Bernie Sanders, Ranking: John Boozman
 * Oversight— Chair: Sheldon Whitehouse, Ranking: Mike Johanns
 * Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health— Chair: Frank Lautenberg, Ranking: Mike Crapo
 * Transportation and Infrastructure— Chair: Max Baucus, Ranking: David Vitter
 * Water and Wildlife— Chair: Ben Cardin, Ranking: Jeff Sessions
 * Ethics (Select)— Chair: Barbara Boxer, Ranking: Johnny Isakson
 * Finance— Chair: Max Baucus, Ranking: Orrin Hatch
 * Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure— Chair: Jeff Bingaman, Ranking: John Cornyn
 * Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth— Chair: Bill Nelson, Ranking: Mike Crapo
 * Health Care— Chair: Jay Rockefeller, Ranking: John Ensign, then Chuck Grassley
 * International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness— Chair: Ron Wyden, Ranking: John Thune
 * Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy— Chair: Debbie Stabenow, Ranking: Tom Coburn
 * Taxation and IRS Oversight— Chair: Kent Conrad, Ranking: Jon Kyl
 * Foreign Relations— Chair: John Kerry, Ranking: Richard Lugar
 * Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Narcotics Affairs— Chair: Robert Menendez, Ranking: Marco Rubio
 * Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs— Chair: Bob Casey Jr., Ranking: Jim Risch
 * African Affairs— Chair: Chris Coons, Ranking: Johnny Isakson
 * East Asian and Pacific Affairs— Chair: Jim Webb, Ranking: James Inhofe
 * International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy and Global Women's Issues— Chair: Barbara Boxer, Ranking: Jim DeMint
 * European Affairs— Chair: Jeanne Shaheen, Ranking: John Barrasso
 * International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs, and International Environmental Protection— Chair: Ben Cardin, Ranking: Bob Corker
 * Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions— Chair: Tom Harkin, Ranking: Mike Enzi
 * Subcommittee on Children and Families— Chair: Patty Murray, Ranking: Richard Burr
 * Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety— Chair: Barbara Mikulski, Ranking: Johnny Isakson
 * Subcommittee on Primary Health and Aging— Chair: Bernie Sanders, Ranking: Rand Paul
 * Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs— Chair: Joe Lieberman, Ranking: Susan Collins
 * Contracting Oversight (Ad Hoc)— Chair: Claire McCaskill, Ranking: Rob Portman
 * Disaster Recovery and Intergovernmental Affairs (Ad Hoc)— Chair: Mark Pryor, Ranking: John Ensign, then Rand Paul
 * Federal Financial Management, Government Information and International Security— Chair: Thomas Carper, Ranking: Scott Brown
 * Investigations (Permanent)— Chair: Carl Levin, Ranking: Tom Coburn
 * Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce and the District of Columbia— Chair: Daniel Akaka, Ranking: Ron Johnson
 * Indian Affairs— Chair: Daniel Akaka, Ranking: John Barrasso
 * Intelligence (Select)— Chair: Dianne Feinstein, Ranking: Saxby Chambliss
 * Judiciary— Chair: Patrick Leahy, Ranking: Chuck Grassley
 * Administrative Oversight and the Courts— Chair: Amy Klobuchar, Ranking: Jeff Sessions
 * Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights— Chair: Herb Kohl, Ranking: Mike Lee
 * The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights— Chair: Dick Durbin, Ranking: Lindsey Graham
 * Crime and Terrorism— Chair: Sheldon Whitehouse, Ranking: Jon Kyl
 * Immigration, Refugees and Border Security— Chair: Chuck Schumer, Ranking: John Cornyn
 * Privacy, Technology and the Law— Chair: Al Franken, Ranking: Tom Coburn
 * Rules and Administration— Chair: Chuck Schumer, Ranking: Lamar Alexander
 * Small Business and Entrepreneurship— Chair: Mary Landrieu, Ranking: Olympia Snowe
 * Veterans' Affairs— Chair: Patty Murray, Ranking: Richard Burr

House of Representatives

 * Agriculture— Chair: Frank Lucas, Ranking: Collin C. Peterson
 * Conservation, Energy, and Forestry— Chair: Glenn Thompson, Ranking: Tim Holden
 * Department Operations, Oversight, and Credit— Chair: Jeff Fortenberry, Ranking: Marcia Fudge
 * General Farm Commodities and Risk Management— Chair: Mike Conaway, Ranking: Leonard Boswell
 * Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry— Chair: Tom Rooney, Ranking: Dennis Cardoza
 * Nutrition and Horticulture— Chair: Jean Schmidt, Ranking: Joe Baca
 * Rural Development, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture— Chair: Timothy V. Johnson, Ranking: Jim Costa
 * Appropriations— Chair: Hal Rogers, Ranking: Norm Dicks
 * Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies— Chair: Jack Kingston, Ranking: Sam Farr
 * Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies— Chair: Frank Wolf, Ranking: Chaka Fattah
 * Defense— Chair: Bill Young, Ranking: Norm Dicks
 * Energy and Water Development— Chair: Rodney Frelinghuysen, Ranking: Pete Visclosky
 * Financial Services and General Government— Chair: Jo Ann Emerson, Ranking: José E. Serrano
 * Homeland Security— Chair: Robert Aderholt, Ranking: David Price
 * Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies— Chair: Mike Simpson, Ranking: Jim Moran
 * Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies— Chair: Denny Rehberg, Ranking: Rosa DeLauro
 * Legislative Branch— Chair: Ander Crenshaw, Ranking: Mike Honda
 * Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies— Chair: John Culberson, Ranking: Sanford Bishop
 * State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs— Chair: Kay Granger, Ranking: Nita Lowey
 * Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies— Chair: Tom Latham, Ranking: John Olver
 * Armed Services— Chair: Buck McKeon, Ranking: Adam Smith
 * Emerging Threats and Capabilities— Chair: Mac Thornberry, Ranking: Jim Langevin
 * Military Personnel— Chair: Joe Wilson, Ranking: Susan Davis
 * Oversight and Investigations— Chair: Rob Wittman, Ranking: Jim Cooper
 * Readiness— Chair: Randy Forbes, Ranking: Madeleine Bordallo
 * Seapower and Projection Forces— Chair: Todd Akin, Ranking: Mike McIntyre
 * Strategic Forces— Chair: Mike Turner, Ranking: Loretta Sanchez
 * Tactical Air and Land Forces— Chair: Roscoe Bartlett, Ranking: Silvestre Reyes
 * Budget— Chair: Paul Ryan, Ranking: Chris Van Hollen
 * Education and the Workforce— Chair: John Kline, Ranking: George Miller
 * Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education— Chair: Duncan D. Hunter, Ranking: Dale Kildee
 * Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions— Chair: Phil Roe, Ranking: Rob Andrews
 * Higher Education and Workforce Training— Chair: Virginia Foxx, Ranking: Ruben Hinojosa
 * Workforce Protections— Chair: Tim Walberg, Ranking: Lynn Woolsey
 * Energy and Commerce— Chair: Fred Upton, Ranking: Henry Waxman
 * Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade— Chair: Mary Bono Mack, Ranking: G. K. Butterfield
 * Communications and Technology— Chair: Greg Walden, Ranking: Anna Eshoo
 * Energy and Power— Chair: Ed Whitfield, Ranking: Bobby Rush
 * Environment and the Economy— Chair: John Shimkus, Ranking: Gene Green
 * Health— Chair: Joe Pitts, Ranking: Frank Pallone
 * Oversight and Investigations— Chair: Cliff Stearns, Ranking: Diana DeGette
 * Ethics— Chair: Jo Bonner, Ranking: Linda Sanchez
 * Financial Services— Chair: Spencer Bachus, Ranking: Barney Frank
 * Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises— Chair: Scott Garrett, Ranking: Maxine Waters
 * Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology— Chair: Ron Paul, Ranking: Lacy Clay
 * Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit— Chair: Shelley Moore Capito, Ranking: Carolyn B. Maloney
 * Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity— Chair: Judy Biggert, Ranking: Luis Gutierrez
 * International Monetary Policy and Trade— Chair: Gary Miller, Ranking: Carolyn McCarthy
 * Oversight and Investigations— Chair: Randy Neugebauer, Ranking: Michael Capuano
 * Foreign Affairs— Chair: Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Ranking: Howard Berman
 * Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights— Chair: Chris Smith, Ranking: Donald Payne, then Karen Bass
 * Asia and the Pacific— Chair: Donald A. Manzullo, Ranking: Eni Faleomavaega
 * Europe and Eurasia— Chair: Dan Burton, Ranking: Gregory Meeks
 * Middle East and South Asia— Chair: Steve Chabot, Ranking: Gary Ackerman
 * Oversight and Investigations— Chair: Dana Rohrabacher, Ranking: Russ Carnahan
 * Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade— Chair: Ed Royce, Ranking: Brad Sherman
 * Western Hemisphere— Chair: Connie Mack IV, Ranking: Eliot Engel
 * Homeland Security— Chair: Peter T. King, Ranking: Bennie Thompson
 * Border and Maritime Security— Chair: Candice Miller, Ranking: Henry Cuellar
 * Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications— Chair: Gus Bilirakis, Ranking: Laura Richardson
 * Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies— Chair: Dan Lungren, Ranking: Yvette Clarke
 * Counterterrorism and Intelligence— Chair: Pat Meehan, Ranking: Jane Harman, then Jackie Speier
 * Oversight, Investigations, and Management— Chair: Michael McCaul, Ranking: William R. Keating
 * Transportation Security— Chair: Mike D. Rogers, Ranking: Sheila Jackson Lee

 * House Administration— Chair: Dan Lungren, Ranking: Bob Brady
 * Oversight— Chair: Phil Gingrey, Ranking: Zoe Lofgren
 * Elections— Chair: Gregg Harper, Ranking: Charlie Gonzalez
 * Intelligence (Permanent Select)— Chair: Mike Rogers, Ranking: Dutch Ruppersberger
 * Oversight— Chair: Lynn Westmoreland, Ranking: Jan Schakowsky
 * Technical and Tactical Intelligence— Chair: Joe Heck, Ranking: Adam Schiff
 * Terrorism, HUMINT, Analysis and Counterintelligence— Chair: Sue Myrick, Ranking: Mike Thompson
 * Judiciary— Chair: Lamar S. Smith, Ranking: John Conyers
 * Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law— Chair: Howard Coble, Ranking: Steve Cohen
 * Constitution— Chair: Trent Franks, Ranking: Jerrold Nadler
 * Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet— Chair: Bob Goodlatte, Ranking: Mel Watt
 * Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security— Chair: Jim Sensenbrenner, Ranking: Bobby Scott
 * Immigration Policy and Enforcement— Chair: Elton Gallegly, Ranking: Zoe Lofgren
 * Natural Resources— Chair: Doc Hastings, Ranking: Ed Markey
 * Energy and Mineral Resources— Chair: Doug Lamborn, Ranking: Rush D. Holt
 * Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs— Chair: John Fleming, Ranking: Donna Christensen
 * Indian and Alaska Native Affairs— Chair: Don Young, Ranking: Dan Boren
 * National Parks, Forests and Public Lands— Chair: Rob Bishop, Ranking: Raúl Grijalva
 * Water and Power— Chair: Tom McClintock, Ranking: Grace Napolitano
 * Oversight and Government Reform— Chair: Darrell Issa, Ranking: Elijah Cummings
 * Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service and Labor Policy— Chair: Dennis A. Ross, Ranking: Stephen Lynch
 * Government Organization, Efficiency and Financial Management— Chair: Todd Platts, Ranking: Ed Towns
 * Health Care, District of Columbia, Census and the National Archives— Chair: Trey Gowdy, Ranking: Danny K. Davis
 * National Security, Homeland Defense and Foreign Operations— Chair: Jason Chaffetz, Ranking: John F. Tierney
 * Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight and Government Spending— Chair: Jim Jordan, Ranking: Dennis Kucinich
 * TARP, Financial Services and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs— Chair: Patrick McHenry, Ranking: Michael Quigley
 * Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform— Chair: James Lankford, Ranking: Gerry Connolly
 * Rules— Chair: David Dreier, Ranking: Louise Slaughter
 * Legislative and Budget Process— Chair: Pete Sessions, Ranking: Alcee Hastings
 * Rules and the Organization of the House— Chair: Rich Nugent, Ranking: Jim McGovern
 * Science, Space and Technology— Chair: Ralph Hall, Ranking: Eddie Bernice Johnson
 * Space and Aeronautics— Chair: Steven Palazzo, Ranking: Gabby Giffords, then Jerry Costello
 * Technology and Innovation— Chair: Ben Quayle, Ranking: David Wu, then Donna Edwards
 * Research and Science Education— Chair: Mo Brooks, Ranking: Dan Lipinski
 * Investigations and Oversight— Chair: Paul Broun, Ranking: Donna Edwards
 * Energy and Environment— Chair: Andy Harris, Ranking: Brad Miller
 * Small Business— Chair: Sam Graves, Ranking: Nydia Velazquez
 * Agriculture, Energy and Trade— Chair: Scott Tipton, Ranking: Mark Critz
 * Healthcare and Technology— Chair: Renee Ellmers, Ranking: Cedric Richmond
 * Economic Growth, Tax and Capital Access— Chair: Joe Walsh, Ranking: Kurt Schrader
 * Contracting and Workforce— Chair: Mick Mulvaney, Ranking: Judy Chu
 * Investigations, Oversight and Regulations— Chair: Mike Coffman, Ranking: Jason Altmire
 * Transportation and Infrastructure— Chair: John Mica, Ranking: Nick Rahall
 * Aviation— Chair: Thomas Petri, Ranking: Jerry Costello
 * Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation— Chair: Frank LoBiondo, Ranking: Rick Larsen
 * Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management— Chair: Jeff Denham, Ranking: Eleanor Holmes Norton
 * Highways and Transit— Chair: Jimmy Duncan, Ranking: Peter DeFazio
 * Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials— Chair: Bill Shuster, Ranking: Corrine Brown
 * Water Resources and Environment— Chair: Bob Gibbs, Ranking: Tim Bishop
 * Veterans' Affairs— Chair: Jeff Miller, Ranking: Bob Filner
 * Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs— Chair: Jon Runyan, Ranking: Jerry McNerney
 * Economic Opportunity— Chair: Marlin Stutzman, Ranking: Bruce Braley
 * Health— Chair: Ann Marie Buerkle, Ranking: Mike Michaud
 * Oversight and Investigations— Chair: Bill Johnson, Ranking: Joe Donnelly
 * Ways and Means— Chair: Dave Camp, Ranking: Sander Levin
 * Health— Chair: Wally Herger, Ranking: Pete Stark
 * Human Resources— Chair: Geoff Davis, Ranking: Lloyd Doggett
 * Oversight— Chair: Charles Boustany, Ranking: John Lewis
 * Select Revenue Measures— Chair: Pat Tiberi, Ranking: Richard Neal
 * Social Security— Chair: Sam Johnson, Ranking: Xavier Becerra
 * Trade— Chair: Kevin Brady, Ranking: Jim McDermott
 * Whole

Joint appointments

 * Deficit Reduction (Select)— Co-chairs: Rep. Jeb Hensarling (R), Sen. Patty Murray (D)
 * Economic— Chair: Sen. Bob Casey Jr. (D), Ranking: Rep. Kevin Brady (R)
 * Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)— Chair: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D), Ranking: Sen. Lamar Alexander (R)
 * The Library— Chair: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D), Ranking: Rep. Gregg Harper (R)
 * Printing— Chair: Rep. Gregg Harper (R), Ranking: Sen. Chuck Schumer (D)
 * Taxation— Chair: Rep. Dave Camp (R), Ranking: Sen. Max Baucus (D)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Stephen T. Ayers
 * Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Brian Monahan
 * Comptroller General of the United States: Eugene Louis Dodaro
 * Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Douglas W. Elmendorf
 * Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
 * Public Printer of the United States: William J. Boarman, until January 3, 2012
 * Davita Vance-Cooks, from January 3, 2012

Senate

 * Chaplain: Barry C. Black (Seventh-day Adventist)
 * Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
 * Historian: Richard A. Baker
 * Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin, until February 2, 2012
 * Elizabeth MacDonough, from February 2, 2012
 * Secretary: Nancy Erickson
 * Sergeant at Arms: Terrance W. Gainer
 * Secretary for the Majority: Gary B. Myrick
 * Secretary for the Minority: David J. Schiappa

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: Daniel Coughlin (Roman Catholic), until April 14, 2011
 * Patrick J. Conroy (Roman Catholic), from May 25, 2011
 * Chief Administrative Officer: Daniel J. Strodel
 * Clerk: Karen L. Haas
 * Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
 * Parliamentarian: John V. Sullivan, until 2012
 * Thomas Wickham Jr., from 2012
 * Reading Clerks: Susan Cole and Joseph Novotny
 * Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood, until January 17, 2012
 * Paul D. Irving from January 17, 2012
 * Inspector General: Theresa M. Grafenstine

Elections

 * 2010 United States elections (elections held in advance of this Congress)
 * 2010 United States Senate elections
 * 2010 United States House of Representatives elections
 * 2012 United States elections (elections to be held during this Congress)
 * 2012 United States presidential election
 * 2012 United States Senate elections
 * 2012 United States House of Representatives elections

Membership lists

 * List of new members of the 112th United States Congress
 * Members of the 112th United States Congress

title: 112th United States Congress


text:
1899 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1899.

Events

 * 31 December: A large standing stone at Stonehenge falls over.

Explorations

 * Tell Halaf, Syria, discovered by Max von Oppenheim.

Excavations

 * Excavations of Babylon by Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft directed by Robert Koldewey begin.
 * Excavation of Anglo-Saxon town wall in Clarendon Quadrangle of Bodleian Library, Broad Street, Oxford, England.

Finds

 * Chinese oracle bones from the site of Yinxu are identified by Wang Yirong, director of the Imperial College of China, as carrying Shang dynasty writing.
 * Roman Empire-related silver plate is found near Qalagah, Azerbaijan.
 * Södermanland runic inscription 140.
 * Sand quarriers find over 800 fragmentary Neanderthal remains representing at least 12 and likely as many as 70 individuals on the hill of Hušnjakovo in Krapina in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (modern-day Croatia), identified by Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger.

Publications

 * John Myres - A catalogue of the Cyprus museum, with a chronicle of excavations undertaken since the British occupation, and introductory notes on Cypriote archaeology.
 * Ernest-Théodore Hamy - article on the Dumbarton Oaks birthing figure.

Births

 * 30 December: Helge Ingstad, Norwegian explorer; co-discoverer of Viking artifacts at L'Anse aux Meadows (d. 2001).
 * William Duncan Strong, American archaeologist and anthropologist (d. 1962).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1899 in archaeology