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Lamprocapnos

Lamprocapnos spectabilis, bleeding heart or Asian bleeding-heart, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the fumitory subfamily (Fumarioideae) of the poppy family Papaveraceae, and is native to Siberia, northern China, Korea, and Japan. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Lamprocapnos, but is still widely referenced under its old name Dicentra spectabilis (now listed as a synonym), not to be confused with the North American native bleeding heart plants also classified under Dicentra. It is valued in gardens and in floristry for its heart-shaped pink and white flowers, borne in spring.

Other common names include lyre flower, heart flower, and lady-in-a-bath.

Description
The Asian bleeding-heart grows to 120 cm (47 in) tall by 45 cm (18 in) wide. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial with 3-lobed compound leaves on fleshy green to pink stems. The arching horizontal racemes of up to 20 pendent flowers are borne in spring and early summer. The outer petals are bright fuchsia-pink, while the inner ones are white. The flowers strikingly resemble the conventional heart shape, with a droplet beneath – hence the common name.

The plant sometimes behaves as a spring ephemeral, becoming dormant in summer.[3]

Habitat
In Korea L. spectabilis behaves as a shade-loving chasmophyte, growing in rock crevices at low altitudes in the mountains of the central and southern parts of the country.

Distribution
L. spectabilis has been cultivated as an ornamental species for so long in its native Northeast Asia that it has become hard to determine in which regions it is native and in which introduced. In China the plant grows wild in the provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Within Korea, L. formosa occurs in the foothills of Jeonnam, Gyeongnam Mount Jirisan, Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province (South Korea), and Hambuk (North Korea) and the plant occurs also in (Greater) Manchuria.

History
"It is one of those plants of which the Chinese Mandarins in the north of China are so fond and which they cultivate with so much pride in their little fairy gardens. Robert Fortune personal communication May 20, 1847 Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society" The plant was first introduced to England from Asia in the year 1810 and, unfortunately, was lost, but was subsequently reintroduced in 1846 by the Scottish botanist and plant hunter Robert Fortune, who sent specimens to the RHS, having found the plant already in cultivation "in the Grotto Garden on the Island of Chusan, growing among artificial rocks near the beautiful Weigela rosea".

Cultivation
In a moist and cool climate, it will grow in full sun, but in warmer and drier climates it requires some shade.

Aphids, slugs and snails sometimes feed on the leaves.

Clumps remain compact for many years and do not need dividing. They have brittle roots which are easily damaged when disturbed. Root cuttings should be taken in spring.

Seeds with whitish elaiosomes are borne in long pods. They must be sown while fresh. Division should be done in the late fall (autumn) or early spring.

Cultivars
The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
 * Lamprocapnos spectabilis (pink and white)
 * 'Alba' (white)
 * "Valentine" ('Hordival') (red and white)

'Gold Heart', introduced from Hadspen Garden, England, in 1997, has yellow leaves.

In Chinese culture and traditional medicine
玲珑奇巧涎欲滴，Delicate and quaint, with pendent drop of yearning unashamed 色彩绚丽若紫云；Bright as rosy clouds of eventide. 传言古时洛阳镇，''‘Tis said that, long ago, near ancient Luoyang town, 镇上玉女慧且纯；There dwelt a jade-bright maiden, wise and pure, 无奈情郎充军去，Whose secret love was called away to war, 只得寄情绣包存；Each month a wondrous purse embroidered she to hang upon the bough, 荷包香美已成串，Drawstring pulled tight upon sweet fragrance pent within. 可惜思君不见君. Pity the girl who pictured daily thus her pining heart. 王文英 (Wáng Wényīng) Poems of a Hundred Flowers: number 70 - Purse Peony

Jade Maiden Si Jun and the "Purse Peony"
In China, the plant has the common name of 荷包牡丹 (hébāo mǔdān) meaning "purse peony", in reference to the resemblance of the individual flowers to an (upside down) hébāo ("propitious pouch" - a type of traditional Chinese "good luck" purse) and of the foliage to that of tree peonies (mǔdān/moutan). The short poem by modern Chinese poet Wáng Wényīng presented above alludes to a traditional tale concerning the etiology of the "purse peony". The goddess/fairy name Yunü employed in line four refers specifically to 玉女思君 (Yùnǚ sī jūn) Jade Maiden Si Jun, a literary inflection of a character originally a minor deity, although the name Yunü here designates, in a familiar trope, a virtuous and faithful young woman. The name 思君 (sī jūn) translates as "thinks-of-her-lord", reflecting the behaviour of the young woman in the legend. The legend of Si Jun relates that in ancient times, some 200 miles to the southeast of Luoyang City in the province of Henan, there was a prefecture called Rǔzhōu, in the West of which lay Miaoxia, a small town nestled in a paradisal valley hemmed in by mountains. Here there lived Si Jun, a girl so beautiful, virtuous and wise that she was besieged by legions of eager suitors, whom she nonetheless rebuffed, because she had a secret love. This handsome young man had enlisted as a soldier and had been encamped far away beyond Wànlǐ Chángchéng (the "Ten-Thousand Mile Long Wall") for two years, forbidden to communicate with his beloved. Despite the fact that he could not reply to the letters that she sent him or receive her gifts, she waited patiently for his return, easing her yearning for him by embroidering once a month a purse dedicated to him and hanging it upon a branch of the tree peony that grew outside her window. Such was her talent for embroidery that the beautiful flowers that she created so skilfully with her needle fooled the very butterflies and bees, who would try to pollinate them, believing them to be real. This state of affairs continued for so long that the peony bush, though not actually in flower, appeared to have burst forth in strange, purse-shaped blooms, so many were the little embroidered pouches that Si Jun had created in honour of her absent lover. At last the immortals rewarded her patience by transmuting the purse-decked peony into a new kind of plant with foliage like that of a peony but with curious little flowers shaped like lucky, bridal purses - the hébāo mǔdān (purse peony). To this very day a gift of purse peonies is considered in China the quintessential love token or proposal of marriage in the language of flowers, with much the same connotations as the red rose in Europe.

Traditional Chinese medicine
In Traditional Chinese medicine the root is employed for detoxification, to improve blood circulation, and as an analgesic. It is recorded in the "Lingnan Medicine Collection" (1949) that Lamprocapnos root can disperse blood, eliminate sores, eliminate "wind" (风; fēng), and "harmonize the blood". The medicinal qualities are described as pungent, bitter and warm, and are believed to replenish jing in the liver. Oral administration is used to treat sores and abdominal pain, while topical application is used to treat bruises and swellings. Caution is, however urged regarding overdose: the juice of the plant can cause tingling paresthesias after contact with exposed skin and oral overdose can give rise to vomiting, diarrhea and, in serious cases of poisoning, even respiratory failure, and cardiac paralysis.

Related, descriptive Korean and Japanese common names
The Korean common name for the plant, 금낭화 (geum nang hwa) "gold bag flower", makes the same comparison between the shape of the flower and that of an old-fashioned drawstring purse as does the Chinese. Japanese common names for the plant include ケマンソウ (kemansō, derived from the Japanese common name for Corydalis, which is keman) and the quaint and evocative タイツリソウ (taitsurisō i.e. "sea bream fishing rod") given in recognition of the similarity in appearance  of the inflorescence to a number of little fish (specifically the much-loved Japanese food fish, tai a.k.a. madai) hanging by their tails from a rod, while clasping yet smaller fish in their jaws. Both the Chinese and Korean purse and the Japanese sea bream referenced in names for Lamprocapnos are not only considered auspicious, but also associated specifically with the New Year celebrations of their respective countries.

Toxicity
Contact with the plant can cause skin irritation in certain individuals, due to its containing isoquinoline alkaloids, including protopine, while consumption of the leaves can give rise to neurological symptoms, including confusion and irritability.

Case of accidental poisoning in Korea
Jeong et al. reported a case of (non-fatal) poisoning in Korea in 2015: a party of four dining out at a local restaurant suffered symptoms of varying severity after consuming a dish of crucian carp and Korean radish greens to which a (possibly) careless or inexperienced chef had added leaves of L. spectabilis, which he may have mistaken for radish leaves, while gathering pot-herbs to cook with the fish. They note that the severity of poisoning could be correlated with the amount of the poisoned dish consumed; the only individual with symptoms requiring hospitalisation being a middle-aged man, already in poor health, who had eaten the most. All those poisoned complained of lethargy, dizziness, palpitation, and dry mouth half an hour after consuming the meal.

The authors conclude that the clinical manifestations in this poisoning case suggest anticholinergic syndrome and speculate that the mental changes in the victims were attributable to the effects on the CNS of the alkaloids scoulerine (which can act as a GABAA receptor agonist) and corydine which can evoke narcotic effects. They note also that the neurologic effects of the alkaloid protopine are qualitatively comparable to those of the well-known delirient tropane alkaloid atropine.

The 45-year-old male admitted to A&E suffering from Lamprocapnos poisoning had a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease and presented with a confused mental state, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, mild fever, dry mouth and facial flushing. Neurological examination revealed his confusion to be intermittent and associated with irritability, and an inability to comprehend and obey commands. His motor function, however was normal and he showed no abnormal reflexes. Furthermore, his pupils were not anisochoric (i.e. were of the same size) and (as would not be so in a case of atropine poisoning) were responsive to light. His mental state began to return to normal 19 hours after admission to A&E, although his intermittent confusion persisted. He finally regained alert (normal) mentation 28 hours after admission.

Suspect Korean wild vegetable
In regard to the poisoning case described above, the chef involved may have been neither careless nor inexperienced, but simply preparing a traditional namul, since at least one work on the edible wild plants of Korea maintains Lamprocapnos spectabilis to be edible, provided that it has first been subjected to certain treatments. Lee stipulates that the young leaves should be blanched slightly and then placed in cold water which is then brought to the boil; after which treatment they may be eaten with other vegetables or used in the preparation of miso soup. He further states that the flowers may be dried in the shade and used as tea. It is clear that, in the light of the findings of Jeong et. al. regarding the restaurant poisoning incident, the plant is alkaloidal and, at best, a suspect foodstuff requiring pre-treatment in order to render it safe for human consumption (compare preparation of poke sallet from Phytolacca americana). Other factors influencing potential toxicity include variations in alkaloid content depending on the strain of plant involved, the stage of development/time of year at which the leaves were gathered and the pre-existing state of health of the consumer.

Chemistry
L. spectabilis has yielded, by methanol extraction, 0.17% of combined alkaloids from above-ground parts and 0.25% from the roots. The alkaloids present are dihydrosanguinarine, sanguinarine, scoulerine, cheilanthifoline, corydine, and protopine. a Korean source lists also cryptopine, coptisine, chelerythrine, chelirubine, chelilutine and reticuline.

The alkaloids sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine – named for Sanguinaria canadensis (family Papaveraceae) – are also present in the seeds of Argemone mexicana (family Papaveraceae), the oil from which is a dangerous contaminant of mustard oil, responsible for the potentially fatal condition of epidemic dropsy.

Biotechnology
The biotechnology of Lamprocapnos spectabilis encompasses various advanced techniques to enhance its cultivation and preservation. Micropropagation allows for the rapid multiplication of plants under sterile conditions, ensuring the production of disease-free and genetically uniform specimens. Mutation breeding involves exposing plant tissues to mutagens to create genetic variations that can lead to desirable traits such as improved growth habits. Cryopreservation is employed to conserve genetic resources by freezing plant tissues at ultra-low temperatures, maintaining their viability for future use. Additionally, the application of nanoparticles in Lamprocapnos biotechnology has shown potential in improving plant growth.

title: Lamprocapnos


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Crashing

Crashing may refer to:

 * Gate crashing, the act of entering an event without an invitation
 * Wedding crashing, the act of entering a wedding without an invitation

Television

 * Crashing (British TV series), a 2016 British comedy drama series
 * Crashing (American TV series), 2017 American comedy series

Music

 * "Crashing", song by The Residents from Not Available
 * "Crashing", song by Illenium from Ascend

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Crashing


text:
Paul Bonatz

Paul Bonatz (6 December 1877 – 20 December 1956) was a German architect, member of the Stuttgart School and professor at the technical university in that city during part of World War II, and from 1954 until his death. He worked in many styles, but most often in a simplified neo-Romanesque, and designed important public buildings both in the Weimar Republic and under the Third Reich, including major bridges for the new autobahns. In 1943 he designed several buildings in Turkey, returning to Stuttgart in 1954.

Life and career
Bonatz was born in Solgne, Alsace-Lorraine, then German Empire. In 1900, he finished his studies of architecture at the Technical University of Munich. He trained under Theodor Fischer. Like Fischer, he did not join the Nazi party, and had actually briefly belonged to the SPD. After building several major buildings during the Weimar Republic, notably the Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (main station, 1913–1927), after the Nazis came to power he became architectural expert and advisor to Fritz Todt, the general inspector for German road building, and in this position built major bridges for the new Reichsautobahn system and with Hermann Giesler worked on the design for a planned new main station for Munich.

The government tried to make good use of Bonatz's talents and name, but found him politically unreliable. He disliked Paul Troost's renovation of the Königsplatz in Munich and said so, a political mistake. In February 1935 he gave a speech inveighing against architecture which made "the act of representing an end in itself" rather than form coinciding with function in which he called Albert Speer's New Reich Chancellery "patently inadequate". Because of his vocal opinions, Bonatz was investigated twice by the police, who accused him of aiding Jews and being openly critical of Hitler.

Although he won the competition to execute the gigantic glass dome for the new main station in Munich, he soon became disenchanted with Hitler's requiring the dome and critical of the entire design. This led him to leave Germany for Turkey in 1943. He was a faculty member at the Istanbul Technical University from 1946 to 1954 and oversaw renovation of the university's Taşkışla campus. While in Turkey he built many projects in Ankara, including a residential area with over 400 units and the reconfiguration of the Ankara Exhibition Hall into the Ankara Opera House, before returning to Germany in 1954 to participate in the reconstruction of Stuttgart and Düsseldorf. He was a professor at the University of Stuttgart from 1954 until his death in 1956.

Private life
In 1902 he married Helene Fröhlich (1879–1965); their daughter Susanne, born in 1906, married the architect Kurt Dübbers. His younger brother, Karl Bonatz, was also an architect and was chief planner of (West) Berlin succeeding Hans Scharoun.

Works
Bonatz believed passionately in form expressing function, but opposed the modernist tradition exemplified by Neues Bauen and the Bauhaus, which he considered shallow, fashionable, and neglectful of local traditions. He was a founder and an important exponent of the Stuttgart School, which sought modern architectural solutions based on tradition. He thus worked in a number of styles depending on purpose, although he was influenced by Fischer's movement toward a simplified masonry-based style based on German heritage and often used a simplified neo-Romanesque vocabulary, as in his 1927 Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, his 1936 Kunstmuseum Basel (art museum), and the viaducts at the Drackensteiner Hang. The Stuttgart station, which was influential, has been seen as a transformation of historicism: the building itself was modern, the historical decor purely stylistic accents. Like Fischer, Heinrich Tessenow and German Bestelmeyer, he appealed to the Nazis because many of his works bore a clear relationship to traditional styles; Paul Schultze-Naumburg expressed the völkisch school's approval of the Stuttgart station as "a modern technical building in the best sense of the word." However, his autobahn bridge across the Rhine at Rodenkirchen (1939–1941) was an ultra-modern suspension bridge, he designed a number of dams and factories in addition to bridges, and at Kornwestheim he coupled a reinforced concrete water tower with offices on the lower floor with a hipped-roof town hall.

Bonatz's most famous building in Stuttgart is the Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (main station), built 1913–1927. On 25 November 2009 the station complex was nominated by UNESCO for possible inclusion in their World Cultural Heritage list.

Bonatz also designed the library building of the University of Tübingen (built 1910–1912) and was involved in the final stages of the architectural design of the Sofia University Faculty of Biology building in Sofia, Bulgaria. The brick edifice was constructed in 1924–30 and was mostly designed by the Bulgarian architect Georgi Ovcharov, who worked the project out at Bonatz's office in Stuttgart.

Among his technical buildings, he built bridges from the start of his career, beginning at Ulm in 1907 and including a slender bridge over the Neckar at Heidelberg in 1927. For the autobahns, he oversaw all bridge design and himself designed many of the innumerable small bridges required. In the 1920s he was responsible for ten dams on the Neckar; he used different construction materials to reflect the local geology.

Honours

 * 1942 Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft.
 * In 1952, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences.
 * In 1958/59, the city of Stuttgart instituted the Paul Bonatz Prize for architectural services in his memory.

title: Paul Bonatz


text:
Talk:Inanga (fish)

I believe that this article should be renamed. The term Inanga is specific to New Zealand. Given that this is one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish in the world, perhaps it would be best to refrain from using a common name in this instance and re-name the article "Galaxias macculatus".

title: Talk:Inanga (fish)


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Missouri Route 73

Missouri Route 73 is a short state highway in southwest Missouri. It runs from an intersection with U.S. Route 65 in the northern part of Buffalo in Dallas County to U.S. Route 54 near Macks Creek in Camden County. The route is two lanes for its entire length.

Route description
Route 73 begins at U.S. Route 65 in the northern tip of the town of Buffalo in Dallas County. It runs east for a short time before turning to the northeast and intersecting Route DD. The highway heads farther northeast and meets Route 64 in Pumpkin Center. North of the Route 64 intersection, the highway runs through Tunas. In Tunas, Route 73 intersects Routes D and E. Farther northeast, the route meets Route PP before crossing into Camden County.

In Camden County, Route 73 heads through the Branch Towersite and the town of Branch. It then ends at U.S. Route 54 southwest of Macks Creek.

No portion of Route 73 is a part of the National Highway System, a system of highways important to the nation's defense, economy, and mobility.

History
Before the U.S. Highway system was established, Route 73 was part of Route 15. In 1926, a significant part of Route 15 became U.S. Route 54, including the section that is today Route 73. Sometime between 1932 and 1935, US 54 was realigned to the north (switching places with Route 64), rejoining its old alignment west of Macks Creek. The diagonal section cut off between Buffalo and Macks Creek became Route 73.

title: Missouri Route 73


text: User talk:69.233.33.155

title: User talk:69.233.33.155


text: Talk:The Best of The Animals (1988 album)


text:
Talk:Love Sculpture

Untitled
This article is almost word for word a copy of the Allmusic.com article on the band Love Sculpture.
 * Rectified. Apologies, I was but a mere newbie when I did that. Jdcooper

Possible copyright problem
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User:Sinisterbeast

Headline text
Sinisterbeast is a hero, who only shows up to read information when he's very bored with nothing to do!!

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text: Category:Japanese comedians

title: Category:Japanese comedians


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Strident vowel

Strident vowels (also called sphincteric vowels) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by an (ary)epiglottal trill, with the larynx being raised and the pharynx constricted. Either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages thus vibrate instead of the vocal cords. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds.

Strident vowels are fairly common in Khoisan languages, which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in onomatopoeia in Zulu and Lamba. Stridency may be a type of phonation called harsh voice. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ventricular voice; both have been called pressed voice. Bai, of southern China, has a register system that has allophonic strident and pressed vowels.

There is no official symbol for stridency in the IPA, but a superscript ⟨ʢ⟩ (for a voiced epiglottal trill) is often used. In some literature, a subscript double tilde (≈) is sometimes used.

It has been accepted into Unicode, at code point U+1DFD.

Languages
These languages use phonemic strident vowels:

 * Tuu languages
 * Taa (See Taa vowels)
 * ǃKwi (ǃUi)
 * Nǁng (a dialect cluster; moribund)
 * ǀXam (a dialect cluster, including Nǀuusaa) †

title: Strident vowel


text: User talk:Fantasy1234

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text:
User talk:Nick Thorne

The Bugle: Issue 216, April 2024
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The Bugle: Issue 217, May 2024
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The Bugle: Issue 218, June 2024
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The Bugle: Issue 219, July 2024
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User talk:WakeTheGreen

Fair use rationale for Image:B000069KO6.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg
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User talk:Owepar

Image Tagging for Image:TheOblongs.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have any concerns, contact the bot's owner: Carnildo. 14:02, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

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User talk:Charron

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that any one can edit! Find something that can be improved, either in content, grammar or formatting, then fix it. Don't be afraid. Be bold!. If you do something wrong, there is always someone who will clean up the mess.

Here are some links that you may find helpful:
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 * Go to the Village Pump or the Help Desk if you need help

Finally, fell free to leave me a message on my talk page when you need help!

Exir Kamalabadi(Talk)(contribs) 07:36, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 03:45, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Note to self- 50th edit, 100th edit.

Mario Kart DS
Hello, Charron. As a player of Mario Kart DS online, I was wondering if you would be interested in participating in weekly online tournaments for fun. I have an interest in starting up scheduled games in some way and to gauge interest for the game. If you are interested in this possibility, please e-mail me at [mailto:KramarDanIkabu@gmail.com KramarDanIkabu@gmail.com] with MKDS in the subject line. Thank you for your time. KramarDanIkabu 00:19, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

40 Lb. Head
An article you started, 40 Lb. Head, has been proposed for deletion. Please see the article for details. NickelShoe 20:29, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Psst
I'm trying to build support for this nomination in its last few days. Please check out this page. Pass it along. Nudge nudge. -- evrik 20:35, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

User Pennsylvania
I was clearing out Wikipedians/Pennsylvania. I added this template to your page. Feel free to remove it, and thanks for understanding. --evrik 04:13, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Wikimedia Pennsylvania
Hello there!

I'm writing to inform you that we are now forming the first local Wikimedia Chapter in the United States: Wikimedia Pennsylvania. Our goals are to perform outreach and fundraising activities on behalf of the various Wikimedia projects. If you're interested in being a part of the chapter, or just want to know more, you can:
 * Contact us on IRC at #wikimedia-pa
 * Join our mailing list
 * Visit our blog at http://wmfpa.blogspot.com

Thanks and I hope you join up!  Cbrown1023   talk   02:46, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:VinceFFVII.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Merle rickard

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CUNA
Are Credit Union National Association and CUNA mutual group the same thing? Because it appears you rewrote/copied the entire article in that direction? Did you just copy the new article from User:Cunamutual, who appears to have a conflict of interest? KnightLago (talk) 19:16, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I reverted your changes. You should instead try and create the article at CUNA Mutual Group. If you do so, please make sure it meets Wikipedia's standards which can be found in your welcome message above. Please let me know if you have any questions. KnightLago (talk) 21:37, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

July 2008
If you have a close connection to some of the people, places or things you have written about, you may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, edits where there is a conflict of interest, or where such a conflict might reasonably be inferred from the tone of the edit and the proximity of the editor to the subject, are strongly discouraged. If you have a conflict of interest, you should avoid or exercise great caution when:
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title: User talk:Merle rickard


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User talk:STG

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title: User talk:STG


text:
Werner March

Werner Julius March (17 January 1894 – 11 January 1976) was a German architect, son of Otto March (1845–1913), and brother of Walter March, both also well-known German architects. Werner March designed Germany's 1936 Olympic stadium. Werner March was born in Charlottenburg and died in Berlin.

Life and work
For the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany, March created his most famous work, Berlin Olympic Stadium, which was on the site of the Deutsches Stadion, a stadium designed by his father, Otto March, for use in the 1916 Summer Olympics (which were later cancelled after the outbreak of World War I). It is unclear whether March was influenced to use a more conservative design to suit Nazi tastes (claimed by Albert Speer), or whether March devised a grand, sweeping architecture that anticipated the spirit of the Third Reich.

The stadium, which has a capacity of 74,228, is one of the Germany's major sports venues and was used both for the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cup. He also created plans for the Zentralstadion. He designed Carinhall, Hermann Göring's hunting lodge-style country residence near Berlin. During 1956 to 1960 he designed the Cairo International Stadium in Egypt. Designed as a multi-purpose stadium for the Olympic sports, it is primarily used as a venue for football games.

Together with his brother Walter, Werner March won a gold medal in the art competitions at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

title: Werner March


text:
Pound–Rebka experiment

The Pound–Rebka experiment monitored frequency shifts in gamma rays as they rose and fell in the gravitational field of the Earth. The experiment tested Albert Einstein's 1907 and 1911 predictions, based on the equivalence principle, that photons would gain energy when descending a gravitational potential, and would lose energy when rising through a gravitational potential. It was proposed by Robert Pound and his graduate student Glen A. Rebka Jr. in 1959, and was the last of the classical tests of general relativity to be verified. The measurement of gravitational redshift and blueshift by this experiment validated the prediction of the equivalence principle that clocks should be measured as running at different rates in different places of a gravitational field. It is considered to be the experiment that ushered in an era of precision tests of general relativity.

Equivalence principle argument predicting gravitational red- and blueshift
In the decade preceding Einstein's publication of the definitive version of his theory of general relativity, he anticipated several of the results of his final theory with heuristic arguments. One of these concerned the light in a gravitational field. To show that the equivalence principle implies that light is Doppler-shifted in a gravitational field, Einstein considered a light source $$S_2$$ separated along the z-axis by a distance $$h$$ above a receiver $$S_1$$ in a homogeneous gravitational field having a force per unit mass of 1 $$g .$$ A continuous beam of electromagnetic energy with frequency $$f_2$$ is emitted by $$S_2$$ towards $$S_1.$$ According to the equivalence principle, this system is equivalent to a gravitation-free system which moves with uniform acceleration $$g$$ in the direction of the positive z-axis, with $$S_2$$ separated by a constant distance $$h$$ from $$S_1.$$

In the accelerated system, light emitted from $$S_2$$ takes (to a first approximation) $$h/c$$ to arrive at $$S_1.$$ But in this time, the velocity of $$S_1$$ will have increased by $$ v = gh/c $$ from its velocity when the light was emitted. The frequency of light arriving at $$S_1$$ will therefore not be the frequency $$f_2,$$ but the greater frequency $$f_1$$ given by $$f_1 \approx f_2 \left( 1 + \frac{v}{c}\right) = f_2 \left( 1 + \frac{gh}{c^2}\right) .$$

According to the equivalence principle, the same relation holds for the non-accelerated system in a gravitational field, where we replace $$gh$$ by the gravitational potential difference $$ \Phi $$ between $$S_2$$ and $$S_1$$ so that $$f_1 = f_2 + \frac{f_2}{c^2}\Phi.$$

Advent of general relativity
In 1916, Einstein used the framework of his newly completed general theory of relativity to update his earlier heuristic arguments predicting gravitational redshift to a more rigorous form. Gravitational redshift and two other predictions from his 1916 paper, the anomalous perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit and the gravitational deflection of light by the Sun, have become known as the "classical tests" of general relativity. The anomalous perihelion precession of Mercury had long been recognized as a problem in celestial mechanics since the 1859 calculations of Urbain Le Verrier. The observation of the deflection of light by the Sun in the 1919 Eddington expedition catapulted Einstein to worldwide fame. Gravitational redshift would prove to be by far the most difficult of the three classical tests to demonstrate.

There had been little rush by experimenters to test Einstein's earlier predictions of gravitational time dilation, since the predicted effect was almost immeasurably small. Einstein's predicted displacement for spectral lines of the Sun amounted to only two parts in a million, and would be easily masked by line broadening due to temperature and pressure, and by line asymmetry due to the fact the lines represent the superposition of absorption from many turbulent layers of the solar atmosphere. Several attempts to measure the effect were negative or inconclusive. The first generally accepted claim to have measured gravitational redshift was W.S. Adams's 1925 measurement of shifts in the spectral lines of the white dwarf star Sirius B. However, even Adams's measurements have since been brought into question for various reasons.

Mössbauer effect
In atomic spectroscopy, visible and ultraviolet photons resulting from electronic transitions of outer shell electrons, when emitted by gaseous atoms in an excited state, are readily absorbed by unexcited atoms of the same species. However, a corresponding absorbance of photons emitted by the nuclei of γ-emitters had never been observed because recoil of the nuclei resulted in so much loss of energy by the emitted photons that they no longer matched the absorbance spectra of the target nuclei. In 1958, Rudolf Mössbauer, who was analyzing the 129 keV transition of Iridium-191, discovered that by lowering the temperature of the emitter to 90K, he could achieve resonant absorbance. Indeed, the energy resolutions that he achieved were of unheard-of sharpness. He had discovered the phenomenon of recoilless γ-emission.

In 1959, several research groups, most notably Robert Pound and Glen Rebka in Harvard and a team led by John Paul Schiffer in Harwell (England), announced plans to exploit this recently discovered effect to perform terrestrial tests of gravitational redshift.

In February 1960, Schiffer and his team were the first to announce success in measuring the gravitational redshift, but with a rather high error of ±47%. It was to be Pound and Rebka's somewhat later contribution in April 1960, which used a stronger radiation source, longer path length, and several refinements to reduce systematic error, which was to be accepted as having provided a definitive measurement of the redshift.

Sources of error
After evaluating various γ-emitters for their study, Pound and Rebka chose to use 57Fe because it does not require cryogenic cooling to exhibit recoil-free emission, has a relatively low internal conversion coefficient so that it is relatively free of competing X-ray emissions that would have been difficult to distinguish from the 14.4 keV transition, and its parent 57Co has a usable half-life of 272 days.

Pound and Rebka found that a large source of systematic error resulted from temperature variations, which they attributed primarily to a second order relativistic Doppler effect due to lattice vibrations. A mere 1°C difference in temperature between emitter and absorber caused a shift about equal to the predicted effect of gravitational time dilation.

They also found frequency offsets between the lines of different combinations of source and absorber stemming from the sensitivity of the nuclear transition to an atom's physical and chemical environment. They therefore needed to adopt methodology which would allow them to distinguish these offsets from their measurement of gravitational redshift. Extreme care was also needed in sample preparation, otherwise inhomogeneities would limit the sharpness of the lines.

Experimental setup

The experiment was carried out in a tower at Harvard University's Jefferson laboratory that was, for the most part, vibrationally isolated from the rest of the building. An iron disk containing radioactive 57Co diffused into its surface was placed in the center of a ferroelectric or a moving coil magnetic transducer (speaker coil) which was placed near the roof of the building. A 38 cm diameter absorber consisting of thin square foils of iron enriched to a level of 32% 57Fe (as opposed to a 2% natural abundance), which were pasted side by side in a flat pattern on a Mylar sheet, was placed in the basement. The distance between the source and absorber was 22.5 meters (74 ft). The gamma rays traveled through a Mylar bag filled with helium to minimize scattering of the gamma rays. A scintillation counter was placed below the absorber to detect the gamma rays that passed through.

The vibrating speaker coil imposed a continuously varying Doppler shift on the gamma ray source. Superimposed on the sinusoidal motions of the transducer was the slow (typically about 0.01 mm/s) constant motion of a slave hydraulic cylinder driven by a small diameter master cylinder controlled by a synchronous motor. The hydraulic cylinder motion was reversed multiple times during each data run after a constant integral number of transducer vibrations. Every several days, the position of the source and absorber would be reversed so that half the data runs would be of blueshift, and half would be of redshift.

Three thermocouples mounted on the source in a spiral pattern and three on the absorber were connected to Wheatstone bridges to measure the temperature differences between the source and absorber. The recorded temperature differences were used to correct the data before analysis.

Among the other steps used to compensate for possible systematic errors, Pound and Rebka varied the speaker frequency between 10 Hz and 50 Hz and tested different transducers (ferroelectric transducers versus moving coil magnetic speaker coils).

A Mössbauer monitor near the source (not illustrated) checked for possible distortions of the source signal resulting from the cylinder/transducer assembly being regularly inverted from facing downwards to facing upwards.

Modulation technique to detect small shifts
Although the 14.4 keV recoilless emission line of 57Fe had a half-width of 1.13×10−12, the anticipated gravitational frequency shift was only 2.5×10−15. Measurement of this minute amount of frequency shift, 500 times smaller than the half-width, required a sophisticated protocol for data acquisition and data analysis. The best way to measure a small shift is often by "slope detection", measuring the resonance not at its peak, but rather comparing the absorption curve near its points of maximum slope (inflection points) on either side of the peak.

The speaker coil typically operated at about 74 Hz with a maximum velocity amplitude corresponding to the maximum change of absorption with velocity of the resonance curve for a given combination of source and absorber (typically around 0.10 mm/s). Counts that were received in the quarter cycles of the oscillation period centered around the velocity maxima were accumulated in two separate registers. Likewise, counts received with the hydraulic cylinder in reverse motion were accumulated in another two separate registers, for a total of four registers of accumulated counts.

The combined motions of the vibrating transducer and hydraulic cylinder allowed the incoming photons to be collected in four channels representing source motions of +0.11 mm/s, +0.09 mm/s, −0.11 mm/s, and −0.09 mm/s. They collectively operated at a 50% duty cycle, so that out of, say, 80 million incoming photons, 10 million would fit into the time slots of each of the four recording channels. From these counts, the velocity corresponding to the absorbance maximum could be calculated.

The accuracy of determination of the line center depended on (1) the sharpness of the line, (2) the depth of the absorbance maximum, and (3) the total number of counts. They typically achieved a fractional absorbance maximum depth of about 0.3 and recorded about 1×1010 γ-rays, of which most will have been recoilless.

Results
Each data run yielded eleven numbers, i.e. four absorber register counts, four monitor register counts, and three average temperature differences. The register counts were generally recorded after twelve full back-and-forth cycles of the hydraulic piston, where each reversal of piston motion occurred after 22,000 periods of source vibration.

The source and absorber units were interchanged every several days to allow comparison between the results with the γ-rays rising versus the γ-rays falling. Combining data from runs having gravitational frequency shift of equal but opposite sign enabled the fixed frequency shift between a given source/target combination to be eliminated by subtraction.

In their 1960 paper, Pound and Rebka presented data from the first four days of counting. Six runs with the source at the bottom, after temperature correction gave a weighted average fractional frequency shift between source and absorber of −(19.7±0.8)×10−15. Eight runs with the source at the top, after temperature correction gave a weighted average fractional frequency shift of −(15.5±0.8)×10−15.

The frequency shifts, up and down, were both negative because the magnitude of the inherent frequency difference of the source/absorber combination considerably exceeded the magnitude of the expected gravitational redshifts/blueshifts. Taking half the sum of the weighted averages yielded the inherent frequency difference of the source/absorber combination, −(17.6±0.6)×10−15. Taking half the difference of the weighted averages yielded the net fractional frequency shift due to gravitational time dilation, −(2.1±0.5)×10−15.

Over the full ten days of data collection, they calculated a net fractional frequency shift due to gravitational time dilation of −(2.56±0.25)×10−15, which corresponds to the predicted value with an error margin of 10%.

In the next several years, the Pound lab published successive refinements of the gravitational redshift measurement, finally reaching the 1% level in 1964.

Current status of gravitational redshift
In the years subsequent to the series of measurements performed by the Pound lab, various tests using other technologies established the validity of gravitational redshift/time dilation with increasing precision. A notable example was the 1976 Gravity Probe A experiment, which used a space-borne hydrogen maser to increase the accuracy of the measurement to about 0.01%.

From an engineering standpoint, after the launch of the Global Positioning System (which depends on general relativity for its proper functioning ) and its integration into everyday life, gravitational redshift/time dilation is no longer considered a theoretical phenomenon requiring testing, but rather is considered a practical engineering concern in various fields requiring precision measurement, along with special relativity.

From a theoretical standpoint, however, the status of gravitational redshift/time dilation is quite different. It is widely recognized that general relativity, despite accounting for all data gathered to date, cannot represent a final theory of nature.

The equivalence principle (EP) lies at the heart of the general theory of relativity. Most proposed alternatives to general relativity predict violation of the EP at some level. The EP includes three hypotheses:
 * 1) Universality of free fall (UFF). This asserts that the acceleration of bodies freely falling bodies in a gravitational field is independent of their compositions.
 * 2) Local Lorentz invariance (LLI). This asserts that the outcome of a local experiment is independent of the velocity and orientation of the apparatus.
 * 3) Local position invariance (LPI). This asserts that clock rates are independent of their spacetime positions. Measurements of differences in the elapsed time displayed by two clocks will depend on their relative positioning in a gravitational field. But the clocks themselves are unaffected by gravitational potential.

Gravitational redshift measurements provide a direct measure of LPI. Of the three hypotheses underlying the equivalence principle, LPI has been by far the least accurately determined. There has been considerable incentive, therefore, to improve on gravitational redshift measurements both in the laboratory and using astronomical observations. For example, the much anticipated, and much delayed European Space Agency's Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) mission is expected to improve on previous measurements by a factor of 35.

title: Pound–Rebka experiment


text:
Ernst Sagebiel

Ernst Sagebiel (2 October 1892 in Braunschweig (Brunswick) – 5 March 1970 in Bavaria) was a German architect.

Life
Sagebiel was a sculptor's son, and after his Abitur in 1912, he began his studies in architecture at the Braunschweig University of Technology. He eventually finished his studies in 1922, after they were interrupted by his participation in the First World War, which included a stint in a prisoner-of-war camp. In 1924, he joined Jakob Körfer's architectural bureau in Cologne. In 1926 he was awarded a doctorate ("Promotion"). In 1929, Sagebiel took a job in Berlin as a project leader and chief executive officer at the architect Erich Mendelsohn's office, but in 1932, he left because of the severe economic climate in Germany. He then worked as a construction foreman.

After Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power in 1933, Sagebiel became a member of the NSDAP and Sturmabteilung (SA).

Already by 1933, Sagebiel had, at his brother's suggestion, come to be at the Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule ("German Commercial Flyers' School"), which was a front organization involved more with Germany's air force buildup than with commercial flying. As of 1934, he was being trusted with planning, as well as overseeing construction of, numerous Luftwaffe barracks (in Döberitz, Berlin-Gatow and Kladow, to name a few) as leader of the special works unit.

Sagebiel's austere building style, which when compared to Albert Speer's rather classicist tendencies came across as very stark and linear, was described as "Luftwaffe modern", owing to his close association with the Luftwaffe. With his earlier building of the Reich Air Transport Ministry for Hermann Göring, which came earlier than Albert Speer's exertion of influence on the National Socialists' architectural parlance, Sagebiel set a trend that would be recognizable throughout the Third Reich. From 1938, he was directly subordinate to the Air Transport Minister, Hermann Göring, and as a result was considered among the Reich's most important architects. In the same year, he became a professor at the Technische Hochschule Berlin.

The outbreak of war against the Soviet Union in 1941 put an end to all of Sagebiel's building plans.

List of projects and plans

 * Columbushaus, Berlin, Project management for Erich Mendelsohn
 * Reichsluftfahrtministerium, Berlin 1934 – 1935
 * Tempelhof International Airport, Berlin 1935 – 1941
 * Stuttgart Airport
 * Munich Riem Airport
 * Bücker Aircraft Works, Rangsdorf
 * Regional Air Command Centres in Kiel, Königsberg and Münster
 * Luftwaffe schools in Berlin-Gatow, Dresden and Potsdam-

Literature

 * Elke Dittrich: Ernst Sagebiel - Leben und Werk (1892 - 1970). Lukas Verlag Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-936872-39-2
 * Laurenz Demps und Carl-Ludwig Paeschke: Flughafen Tempelhof. Ullstein Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-550-06973-1
 * Hans J. Reichhardt, Wolfgang Schäche: Von Berlin nach Germania. Transit Buchverlag, Berlin 2005 (gebundene Ausgabe), ISBN 3-88747-127-X
 * Wolfgang Schäche: Architektur und Städtebau in Berlin zwischen 1933 und 1945. Gebr. Mann,  Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-7861-1178-2
 * Jost Schäfer: Das ehem. Luftkreiskommando IV in Münster von Ernst Sagebiel, in: Zeitschrift Westfalen, 76. Bd. Münster 1999, S. 380-401. ISSN 0043-4337

title: Ernst Sagebiel


text:
John F. Harris

John F. Harris is an American political journalist and the co-founder of Politico, an Arlington, Virginia-based political news organization. With former partner Jim VandeHei, Harris founded Politico on January 23, 2007, and served as editor-in-chief until 2019. Harris is the author of a book on Bill Clinton called The Survivor, and the co-author of The Way to Win: Clinton, Bush, Rove and How to Take the White House in 2008, with Mark Halperin.

Early life and education
Harris grew up in Pittsford, New York, where he attended Pittsford Sutherland High School. He graduated from Carleton College in 1985, where he studied American history.

Career
After graduating from college, Harris worked for The Washington Post for 21 years, having started as an intern. In 1990, he was transferred to the Post's Richmond bureau, covering Virginia politics during Douglas Wilder's governorship. He covered the Clinton White House from 1995 to 2001. In 2003, he was a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution. He became the Post's National Politics Editor in June 2005. Harris began "having conversations" in 2006 with fellow Post journalist Jim VandeHei about creating "a new publication about politics from the ground up". Those conversations led to the launch of Politico in 2007 under the Allbritton Communications banner.

Personal life
Harris is married to Ann O'Hanlon, and lives with their three children, Liza, Griffin, and Nikki, in Alexandria, Virginia.

Works

 * Mark Halperin and John F. Harris, The Way to Win: Taking the White House in 2008, Random House, October 2006, ISBN 1-4000-6447-3
 * John F. Harris, The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House, Random House, May 2005, ISBN 0-375-50847-3, (Random House Trade Paperbacks, October 2006, ISBN 0-375-76084-9)

title: John F. Harris


text:
Genesis of Aquarion

Genesis of Aquarion (創聖のアクエリオン), also known simply as Aquarion is a Japanese anime television series written and directed by Shoji Kawamori, produced by Satelight. Set in the future, a giant fighting machine called the Aquarion is humanity's only effective weapon in the fight against the technologically advanced species called the Shadow Angels. Aquarion was broadcast on TV Tokyo from April 4 to September 26, 2005. An alternate retelling of the television series, the Genesis of Aquarion OVA, premiered on May 25, 2007. The television series is licensed in North America by Funimation, currently known as Crunchyroll. On April 27, 2009, the series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel. A sequel to the series titled Aquarion Evol (アクエリオンEVOL) was announced on February 25, 2011, and aired in 2012.

Plot
Twelve thousand years in the past, mankind was at mercy of the mythical creatures known as Shadow Angels (堕天翅), immortal winged beings with overwhelming powers and technology. That is, until one of their kind, Apollonius, fell in love with a female human warrior, Seliane. Apollonius joins forces with the humans to free mankind from oppression, by using the legendary giant fighting robot Aquarion (アクエリオン).

Eleven years prior to the story, in a disaster referred to as the "Great Catastrophe" Earth's magnetic field shifted devastating significant parts of the world and killing off many of its inhabitants. Along with the disaster came the return of the Shadow Angels who had been in slumber in their city of Atlantia (アトランディア) since their battle with Apollonius. The Shadow Angels began invading human cites to harvest human beings, dubbing them "the wingless ones", like cattle, to extract prana (プラーナ) from the captured humans. Their prana serves as energy and nutrition not only to the Shadow Angels, but also to the legendary Tree of Life (生命の樹). The Shadow Angels facilitate their harvesting via giant, floating harvesting machines called harvest beasts (収穫獣) which are guarded by giant mecha called Cherubim Soldiers (ケルビム兵). They are sentient machines, yet there are times when they are piloted by Shadow Angels.

Ordinary weapons prove ineffective against the Cherubim, and rings of projectors around the remaining cities, tapping into Earth's strata to project a quantum shield to keep Shadow Angels from entering or materializing in them, provide only limited protection. However a human expedition under the leadership of Gen Fudo excavates three very technologically advanced fighter planes, and an organization called DEAVA (ディーバ) takes over the research of these planes, called Vectors (ベクター), trying to identify how to use them. The three Vectors, colored mostly in white, are identified as the green Vector Luna (ベクタールナ), the blue Vector Mars (ベクターマーズ), and the red Vector Sol (ベクターソル). DEAVA discovers only people with special powers, called Elements (エレメント), can use the Vectors and the three Vectors are in fact the pieces of Aquarion, the same robot used to fight the Shadow Angels twelve millennia before. They also discover the Elements can ultimately unite the Vectors into one of three formations of the giant robot in battle, and can use it to fight and defeat the Cherubim.

During the Elements' first sortie against the Cherubim by uniting the Vectors into a formation of Aquarion, they stumble on 13-year-old Apollo, who seems to be the reincarnation of Apollonius. They become convinced of this when he single-handedly takes control of the Vector Sol, unites the Vectors into the Solar Aquarion formation and defeats the enemy, thus causing him to be recruited by DEAVA to join their ranks.

Age of Aquarius
Age of Aquarius, also known as the Aquarian Age, was a concept popularized by Carl Gustav Jung. The Age of Aquarius was seen in contraposition with current the Age of Pisces: whereas the Age of Pisces represents duality and antithesis (thus, conflict), the Age of Aquarius is an age of synthesis and spiritualism (in some ways, a new golden age). In the New Age, because of the implications of love, comprehension and one-ness, it can be associated with the fourth chakra. Aquarion as a name is a reference to this concept, but the show digs deeper in symbolism in using the Aquarion as an instrument for a "new era of holy genesis", managing to resolve conflict between the opposing parties of humans and Shadow Angels and showing a not-so-metaphorical process of oneness with the Earth.

Yoga
Aquarion's main theme references Indian lore. The word yoga is translated as "unite" and means "union with the divine through the integration of body, mind and spirit" (in Japanese, the word "kokoro" refers to both heart or mind, but is more often translated as just the heart). During Unification, the Elements merge their bodies, minds and spirits, but a real Unification of the Aquarion can only be obtained with a Shadow Angel on board, fitting the scheme of the divine element necessary into order to achieve true Unification and completing Aquarion's power.

Prapti and the Infinity Punch
Yogis are said to develop special powers called siddhis. One of them is called prapti (acquisition) and with this siddhi, the perfect mystic yogi can not only touch the Moon, but he can extend his hand anywhere and take whatever he likes. In the series, the Solar Aquarion's Infinity Punch manages to reach the Moon, although the real prapti should not involve greatly elongated arms, but rather the ability to cancel distances between objects (resulting in the idea of omnipresence). In this sense, the real prapti in the show is perhaps used by Gen Fudo, who makes things appear out of nothing from his hand. It is worth noting another siddhi called Mahima is the ability to become incredibly big; this may be referenced to the Aquarion's ability to expand itself in size during particular battles with the Cherubim.

Apollonius
The character Apollonius is a passing nod to Greek mythology, seemingly inspired by Apollo, the Greek god of light and Prometheus, who gave fire to humans and was punished by Zeus by having an eagle feast on his liver. Similarly, Apollonius is a Shadow Angel who seems to have light-like powers and gives the humans a fighting chance against the Shadow Angels with the Aquarion, but loses his wings as punishment from the other Shadow Angels. Like Apollonius of Tyana, Aquarion's Apollonius dies and is believed to be reincarnated as the protagonist Apollo, while the Greek god Apollo is stated to have been born in the bank of a lake, Aquarion's Apollo is given his name after he swims in a lake.

The Tree of Life
Atlandia's Tree of Life took on two roles throughout the series. It is basically a large pile of multicolored flowers. The arrangement of the flowers at the end of the top central flowering portion can be easily seen forming the ten interconnecting nodes of the Sephirot from Hebrew Bible/Christianity, only that the flower at the top middle center of this arrangement, the spot that is supposed to symbolize the unity of the nodes, is absent. The tree's first role was made by the Shadow Angels to use it to restart the Shadow Angel race. The second role was its original role and was a similar function to its name, it literally contained the entire planet's life force. Because of this, if that force was unleashed as a power such as to give birth to a race of species, the planet would become lifeless and the tree would die, causing its remains to fall to the Earth's core and make the planet fall apart. This was something the Shadow Angels, who had possession of and took care of the tree, oddly did not know.

Theme music

 * Opening songs
 * 1) "Genesis of Aquarion" (創聖のアクエリオン) by Akino (Episodes 1-17)
 * 2) "Go Tight!" by Akino (Episode 18-26)

 * Ending songs
 * 1) "Omna Magni" (オムナ マグニ) by Yui Makino
 * 2) "Kōya no Heath" (荒野のヒース) by Akino
 * 3) "Celiane" by Gabriela Robin

 * Other themes
 * "Nike 15-sai" (ニケ15歳) by Akino
 * "Genesis of Aquarion" by Akino (English lyrics by Bless4)
 * "Pride, Nageki no Tabi" (プライド〜嘆きの旅) by AKINO from bless4

Yoko Kanno is the composer of the soundtrack music. Performed by the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra.

Other appearances

 * Genesis of Aquarion made its video game debut in the Sony PlayStation 2 game Super Robot Wars Z. It has also appeared in the PlayStation 3 game Another Century's Episode R and the PSP game 2nd Super Robot Wars Z (both parts).

Reception
In the United States of America, Genesis of Aquarion has been praised for its excellent mecha designs, musical score and animation style. The story, however, has mixed reviews. AnimeonDVD, and Anime News Network has rated the series overall a C+, claiming that Aquarion tries to please everyone with the different elements that are reminiscent of other series, and fails to establish its own identity.

title: Genesis of Aquarion


text:
User talk:MarkBeer

(Welcome)
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 02:59, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Mark; thanks for the message. No, I'm not of Irish origin, actually my father's family was English (in the early 1800's) and my mother's family was Prussian (in the late 1700's); however, my family has been in the US for several generations. As for your second question, I'm not sure what it means! (Chalk it up to being a stupid American, I guess.) Anyhow, glad to see you're here, and if you have other questions, feel free to ask. -- Essjay ·  Talk 03:37, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for voting in my RfA; I promise I'll wield my sacred mop with care. If you ever need me for anything, you know where to find me. Thanks again! -- Essjay ·  Talk 15:23, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia UK/Wikimania 2006
Hi, this is a circular to Wikipedians in Ireland to draw your attention to Wikimedia UK, where the establishment of a local Wikimedia chapter for the United Kingdom (and possibly for the Republic of Ireland) is being discussed. See the talk page, as well as the mailing list; a meetup will take place to discuss matters in London in September, for anyone who can get there. On another topic, plans are being drawn up for a UK bid for Wikimania 2006, which would be conveniently close to Ireland. On the other hand, Dublin's bid was one of the final three last year - might we bid again? --Kwekubo 04:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Our Fathers
Thanks for your original page Our Fathers and your message. You're right that Glasgow played a significant part: I've worked in a link to it again. -- JimR 04:38, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

The pride of all Gaels
Here you go.

Lapsed Pacifist 14:18, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Question with request from Georgia
Dear MarkBeer, Beside me once already was here article and its have wiped, but I have not heard - why...

I have made the new article and if beside You to find time, You could is not taken a look at it that have said - possible such page to place?

Beside me in georgian and russian wikipedia there is its articles... Thank You for attention.

Respect, --Mikho Mosulishvili 20:40, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkBeer


text:
User talk:Cshbell

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 02:59, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Holland Home

The article Holland Home has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Long unreferenced article about non-notable non-profit

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Sadads (talk) 02:12, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cshbell


text:
Unbroken (band)

Unbroken is an American metalcore band from San Diego County, California. They were influential in the Southern California hardcore scene during the mid-to-late 1990s. The band chose the name Unbroken because they wanted to emphasize their dedication to the straight edge philosophy of drug abstinence. However, most of the members have since given up this belief.

In 2008, Alternative Press named Unbroken a band of significant interest in its cover story "23 Bands Who Shaped Punk", citing them as an influence on later groups such as The Hope Conspiracy, Throwdown, Suicide File, Planes Mistaken for Stars, Modern Life Is War, and Bleeding Through.

Biography
The band's members were also in the groups Struggle, Swing Kids, Kill Holiday, Julia, Some Girls, Smooth Man Automatic, Johnny Angel, Stabbed By Words, and Over My Dead Body before, during, and after Unbroken's existence.

Guitarist Eric Allen committed suicide three years after the breakup of the band. The band reformed soon after his death for one show as a benefit to Allen's family.

Rob Moran until recently played in the hardcore group Some Girls and now resides back in San Diego. He has more recently started a band with John Pettibone (former member of Undertow, Nineironspitfire and Himsa), Ryan Murphy (former member of Undertow, Ten Yard Fight, Ensign) and Aram Arslanian (guitarist of Champion, The First Step and vocalist for Betrayed). The band, The Vows, is a straight-edge band that is musically influenced by the old-school hardcore band Judge. The Vows released a CD on Indecision Records in 2006. Rob Moran is in a new band called Narrows with Dave Verellen of Botch and Ryan Frederiksen of These Arms Are Snakes. They have released a S/T 7-inch, an album called New Distances, as well a split 7-inch with Seattle band Heiress. All releases are on Deathwish Inc. He is also working on other musical projects with friends in San Diego. One of which is a goth band with Gabe Serbian from The Locust.

Dave Claibourne sings for the band Stabbed By Words (who had an album released on Hawthorne Street Records), and is a drum & bass DJ with Dedication Crew in St. Louis, Missouri. He is trying to get Round 2 back together for a European reunion tour in 2011.

Steven Andrew Miller moved away from San Diego and now resides in Orange County. He now plays in Crushed On You who are set to release an EP later in 2008 on an unnamed label.

Todd Beattie now lives in Los Angeles, and is married to acclaimed furniture designer Tanya Aguiniga.

Reunions
Despite talk that these would be their only reunion shows, as of 2010, Unbroken are also scheduled to play the annual FYF Fest (formerly F Yeah Fest and Fuck Yeah Fest) in Los Angeles on September 4, and at ULU in London on October 16.

Unbroken played a reunion show in New York City at Santos Party House on April 10, 2011, with Indecision, Jesuit, Damnation A.D., Unrestrained and Psychic Limb.

In September 2011, they toured Argentina, Chile, and other Latin American countries.

Unbroken also scheduled to play Mexico for the first time in 2012 as well as a small tour of Europe.

Unbroken decided to play shows in various regions around the world after their shows in the States sold out, and left fans from outside the US without a chance to see them. Through their reunion shows, the band has raised over $30,000 for various charities and causes all over the world.

Unbroken played on November 2, 2014, at the Ukrainian Cultural Center in Los Angeles for the 20 year mark of Life.Love.Regret.

Unbroken reunited again in 2023 to play the second and final night of Indecision Records’ 30th year anniversary shows. The show is set to take place on July 29, 2023. Also, the band plays more shows in this days and confirmed a small tour of Europe from november 2024, which includes London, UK (with Justin Pearson's Deaf Club), Eindhoven, Netherlands (Revolution Calling Festival) and Prague, Czech Republic.

October 10, 2024, the band will play in classic place 924 Gilman Street.

Members

 * Current members
 * Rob Moran – bass (1991–1995, 1998, 2010–2012, 2014, 2023–present)
 * Todd Beattie – drums, percussion (1991–1995, 1998, 2010–2012, 2014,2023–present)
 * Steven Andrew Miller – guitar (1991–1995, 1998, 2010–2012, 2014, 2023–present)
 * Dave Claibourn – lead vocals (1991–1995, 1998, 2010–2012, 2014, 2023–present)

 * Former members
 * Eric Allen – guitar (1991–1995; died 1998)
 * Brian Hill – lead vocals (1991)

Albums

 * Ritual (1993) New Age Records
 * Life. Love. Regret. (1994) New Age Records
 * Both recordings were re-released on one CD, Death of True Spirit (see compilations)

Compilations

 * It's Getting Tougher to Say the Right Things (collection of all singles and EPs) (2000) Indecision Records
 * Death of True Spirit (2003) Indecision Records
 * It's for Life Consequence Records

EPs and singles

 * The Temptation of Life demo tape (1991)
 * You Won't Be Back 7-inch (1992)
 * Unbroken/Groundwork split ("Final Expression"/"Set Up") 7-inch (1993)
 * Unbroken/Abhinanda split ("Love Will Tear Us Apart") 7-inch (1994)
 * And/Fall on Proverb 7-inch (1994, 31G)
 * Circa '77 ("Absentee Debate"/"Crushed on You") 7-inch (1995, New Age Records)
 * Unbroken/Ati's Warriors split (contains both bands' demos) (2002, bootleg)

Other appearances

 * Lacking Mindset Compilation ("Blanket") (1993)
 * It's for Life Compilation ("Unheard") (1992)

title: Unbroken (band)


text:
Sphinx (Marvel Comics)

The Sphinx is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Publication history
The male version of the Sphinx first appeared in Nova #6 (Feb. 1977) and was created by Marv Wolfman and Sal Buscema.

The female version of the Sphinx first appeared in The New Warriors #4 (Aug. 1990) and was created by Fabian Nicieza.

Anath-Na Mut
Anath-Na Mut is a chief wizard in the court of an Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II. Defeated in a magic duel by the prophet Moses, Anath-Na got exiled into the desert for his failure. The title Nova recounts in a flashback of how Anath-Na discovers the mystic Ka Stone, which grants him immortality and superhuman powers. Using his alias of the Sphinx, Anath-Na wanders around the Earth for a thousand years and then, eventually became bored with it. After learning about the origins of Richard Rider, aliens from planet Xandar, and their sentient machine, the Sphinx theorized that Xandar's Living Computer just might be a way to end his eternal life.

In a Fantastic Four Annual, the Sphinx empowered a pawn known as Thraxon to help subdue the Inhumans. He utilizes ruler Black Bolt's electron energy to amplify a scanning device and read all the minds in everyone for knowledge of how the Sphinx could finally die. Superhero team the Fantastic Four defeated Thraxon and in a final confrontation, Black Bolt blasts him into deep space. The Sphinx reappears in the Nova series, taking mental control of Nova, along with his temporary allies (Comet, Crimebuster, Diamondhead, Powerhouse, and Doctor Sun), they travel back to Xandar and join a war against the invading Skrulls.

The story continues in the Fantastic Four series, where this proves to be a ruse as, once on Xandar, the Sphinx took advantage of that war so he can find and absorb more knowledge from its planet-size computer. Evolving into a god, the Sphinx decided to destroy the Earth. The Fantastic Four witness this and, knowing that they are outmatched, Mister Fantastic contacts the cosmic entity Galactus and presents a proposal — if he stops the Sphinx, then Mister Fantastic will release him from his vow to never devour Earth. He accepts and, when the group found Galactus a new herald (Terrax the Tamer), they traveled to Earth again. After Galactus defeated the Sphinx, he crushed the Ka Stone and send him back in human form to ancient Egypt, where Anath-Na belongs. As Anath-Na, he is trapped in a time loop, forcing him to constantly relive his life to this point.

An issue of the title Marvel Two-in-One continues the story, as Anath-Na relives his life several times due to a chronal flaw, until he meets himself, the younger Anath-Na. He warns himself about his fate in the future. Then, the two build a machine to reconstruct the Ka Stone and after hypnotizing the past version of Anath-Na so that he would not remember, the future version enters suspended animation. The future Sphinx awakens after Galactus departs and begins to rebuild the Ka Stone. The heroic Thing, however, battles him into a standstill, destroys his machine, and leaving the Sphinx with an incomplete Ka Stone. But the Sphinx learns that the unfinished stone is losing all of its energies and seeks revenge on the Thing. The villainous Puppet Master assists him by forcing the Sphinx to crush his own Ka Stone; as a result Anath-Na immediately ages 5,000 years before turning into dust.

As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel event, the Sphinx obtained Nadeen Hassan's brother Navid as an apprentice where he helped him retrieve numerous Egyptian artifacts from the San Francisco Museum of Egyptian Culture.

Meryet Karim
Meryet Karim is a desert nomad who finds an unconscious Anath-Na Mut soon after he found the Ka Stone. While nursing him back to health, Karim absorbed residual energies from the Ka Stone, which granted her a fraction of its powers. Karim discovers that every time she was being perpetually reincarnated into new bodies and retains the knowledge of her previous life with each death. In the modern era, she finds the Ka Scepter's remnants and reconstructs it to become the new Sphinx. Then, Karim alters history so Anath-Na will kill Moses that leads to Egypt, eventually conquering the world during the Forever Yesterday storyline. She got thwarted by the superhero team the New Warriors and resurrected Anath-Na in a bid to reclaim his love. The empowered Sphinx battles the New Warriors, but when facing his feelings for Karim, he merges with her into one composite entity who goes back in time to live a normal life.

The gestalt entity has a final appearance in the title The New Warriors before reappearing as the male Sphinx in the third volume of the title Nova. The character discovers that Galactus' curse is still in effect and battles Nova once again, intent on having access to Xandarian knowledge. The Sphinx appears in an issue of the fourth volume of the title Nova.

Powers, abilities, and equipment
The Sphinx is an ancient mutant, who gained additional powers through use of the Ka Stone and possibly other sources. He has supernatural strength, stamina, and durability, as well as virtual immortality. Courtesy of the jewel's mystical properties, Anath-Na also has a range of metaphysical abilities, including energy control, mind reading, hypersonic flight, and knowledge absorption. After imbuing herself with energies from the Ka Scepter, Karim possesses nigh-omnipotence. Both Sphinxes have expertise in Egyptian magic.

title: Sphinx (Marvel Comics)