text:
Talk:Edward Brooke

DEAD!!
didn't he die about 2 years ago? i've never seen a wiki page lag like this.

i'm a newb and don't know how to fix it. but s/o surely should!

also, perhaps, a note in the baba wawa section that she waited until his passing to reveal the affair.

66.105.218.4 (talk) 06:37, 19 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I can't see any reference to him having died. There would be Orbits in major newspapers and magazines. - SimonLyall (talk) 12:54, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Actually, even though Brooke is 91 and not in the news very often, he is doing well and therefore is far from dying!74.163.169.42 (talk) 22:06, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

I quite honestly believe that it will be October 26, 2019 before Brooke is dead.72.144.138.250 (talk) 21:59, 21 August 2011 (UTC)

First African American ??
First African Americen to be elected Senator? How about Blanche Bruce and Hiram Rhoades Revels --170.35.208.20 20:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Rhodes and Bruce went to the Senate before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment which stipulated direct election of Senators. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shsilver (talk • contribs) 16:44, 25 July 2005

If any of you REALLY want know who Edward W Brooke is, please read his book, BRIDGING THE DIVIDE. Ed Brooke reconizes he was the first African American to be elected since reconstruction. I went to a book signing. Spoke of this. There have been only five African Americans every elected to the Senate. Hiram Rhoades Revels 1870, Blanche Kelso Bruce 1870, Edward W Brook 1966, Carol Mosely Braun 1993, and Barack Obama 2004. As to his COLOR, he has been fighting cancer. His treatments my have been the cause. If Ed Brooke saw this question, he would be very disappointed. I leave you will what he wrote in my ll year old daughter's book: "With best wishs for a life filled with purpose, achivement, and joy!" Sincerly Ed Brooke

Revels and Bruce were elected in the same way every senator was prior to the 17th amendment ratified in 1913, and that was they were elected by the state legislatures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.195.66.48 (talk) 14:52, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Presidential Medal of Freedom - no citation
Brooke is listed in Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients and the List of notable Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients, but there is nothing in his article about it ... can someone please provide a date or something? —Dennette 19:51, 18 November 2006 (UTC) boom

Keynote Speaker?
I did not add this, as I can't find a reference to this anywhere online or in Wikipedia, but I believe that Senator Brooke was the keynote speaker to the Republican National Convention in 1968. This probably makes him the first African-American to be a keynote speaker to a major American party's convention. Can anyone back that up? Henrymrx 19:20, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Barbara Walters Affair
"The affair was reportedly ended out of fear that if it became public it could ruin both of their up-and-coming careers." I lmao'd at this!! Is this neutral? Am I the only one who found this hilarious? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.198.223.185 (talk) 19:30, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The article now makes it clear that this is what Walters said. That's a fact; we can leave speculation to readers. -- John Broughton  (♫♫) 21:57, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Conservatism
I don't think this arcticle should be placed in category "African American conservatism". Brooke was a Republican but was not a conservative, esspecially GOP conservative Darth Kalwejt (talk) 20:02, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd tend to agree and may remove it later.--T. Anthony (talk) 06:13, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Health Issues
I listened to Roland S. Martin and Tom Joyner interview Senator Brooke in late August. During the interview, Brooke said that he had serious health issues and is not able to walk in crowds. How is he doing now?68.215.94.247 (talk) 21:56, 16 October 2009 (UTC) Not to worry; I think he is in very good health now.72.153.57.29 (talk) 14:36, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Awards
I searched Senator Brooke on Google, and learned that he is to get another award on May 22. What is that about?74.163.168.192 (talk) 00:32, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

I removed several awards from the list because I can't find any references in RSs. If someone can reference these they should be re-added: American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal--Johnsemlak (talk) 14:11, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

Black?
He looks more Anglo than Obama. Who were his parents? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.7.178.207 (talk) 00:21, 9 July 2010 (UTC) If you want to know why he looks more Anglo than Obama, and who his parents were, you should read his autobiography, "Bridging the Divide: My Life," which is my favorite book!72.148.141.77 (talk) 20:09, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Added tag
The template's boilerplate language doesn't quite fit, so by way of clarifying: That remainder of that section has a line-by-line, year-by-year list of accomplishments / honors in a resume-like format, rather than being written in paragraph prose with context. Also, very significantly, these undoubtedly true statements nonetheless need to have footnoted citations. --Tenebrae (talk) 23:49, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Not sure where this quote should go
He refused to endorse Sen. Barry Goldwater for president in 1964, commenting later, "You can't say the Negro left the Republican Party; the Negro feels he was evicted from the Republican Party. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.199.68.222 (talk) 05:30, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Death on first day of Congress.
So having been a public servant who only ever served entire terms, all the dates in his CV, his infobox, are January 3rd, and then he died on January 3rd. Silas Maxfield (talk) 17:38, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

ethnic irish quote
I removed the unsourced claim: "the Democratic Party drew from ethnic Irish and union members who were a majority in his district and unlikely to vote for a Republican or an African-American". The citation to the 2000 Boston Globe article mentions nothing of the sort. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Snarfblaat (talk • contribs) 17:39, 5 September 2016 (UTC)

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Barbara Walters Affair
I see no mention of his affair with Barbara Walters. While not the measure of a man, it did become public and was a notable event in his life. Should it not be mentioned in 2 or 3 lines? Seki1949 (talk) 18:06, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Do you have any reliable sources on which such an addition could be based? --JBL (talk) 18:16, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
 * From the Barbara Waters page: In Walters's autobiography Audition, she claimed that she had an affair in the 1970s with Edward Brooke, then a married United States Senator from Massachusetts. It is not clear whether Walters also was married at the time. Walters said they ended the affair to protect their careers from scandal.[73]

 * I'll check to see what else I can find. As a proposal: In Barbara Waters autobiography Audition, she stated that she and the then married Brooke had an affair.Seki1949 (talk) 19:13, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

 * https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/04/us/edward-brooke-pioneering-us-senator-in-massachusetts-dies-at-95.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by Seki1949 (talk • contribs) 19:16, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

"In May 2008, the television newswoman Barbara Walters revealed in a memoir that she and Mr. Brooke had begun a clandestine romance in 1973. After telling him in a letter that she would divulge the affair in her book, he wrote back “a very nice note,” Ms. Walters said." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Seki1949 (talk • contribs) 19:27, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edward Brooke


text:
Bomberman Hardball

Bomberman Hardball (Bomberman Battles in Japan) is a video game for the PlayStation 2 which takes a departure from the previous games in the Bomberman series, and throws in sports games along with the traditional battle mode.

Gameplay
Bomberman Hardball is divided into four games. Battle mode (the standard Bomberman game), is joined by tennis, golf and baseball games. At the center of all this is the Life mode, a character building feature in which the player can design a Bomberman for use in any of the battle modes.

Battle mode
Battle Mode is the centerpiece of this and all other Bomberman games. This mode is essentially the standard Bomberman formula; in the game, players navigate grid-based mazes, planting bombs in an attempt to hit other players (while avoided being hit by a bomb themselves). There are several different variations of Battle Mode, although they all center around the standard Bomberman gameplay.

 * Classic Battle: A standard deathmatch-type game.
 * Star Battle: Collect the most stars.
 * Crown Battle: Find the crown in the level to win the game.
 * Point Battle: Earn the most points by killing opponents
 * Replay: Watched game sessions saved to memory card.

Baseball
Baseball has two modes: a single-match mode (exhibition) and a pennant race in which the player takes part in a league match of thirty games against five CPU teams. Aiming is automatic, causing most of the gameplay to revolve around well-timed button presses (baserunning is also automatic; fielding can even be set to be automatic).

Golf
Golf can either be played in exhibition mode or in a tournament mode, with a total of eighteen holes available. Like Mario Golf, shots are handled with a timer bar at the bottom of the screen. A vertical bar moves along the horizontal one; a button press stops the bar, determining the power of the shot. The bar then moves in the opposite direction, eventually passing a stationary bar. A second button press stops the moving bar again; the closer it is to the stationary bar, the more accurate (i.e. straight) the shot will be.

Tennis
Tennis has doubles and singles modes on clay, hard and grass courts. You can play through an exhibition match, selecting the number of sets and games, or you can try out the tournament where you play against a series of opponents.

Life
In Life mode, the player can raise a white Bomberman, who lives in his own house. Within the house are several interactive objects, including a television. To get to these interactive objects, you use the cellphone. The remote options are as follows:

Channel 1: Watch a battle. Channel 2: Watch some baseball. Channel 3: Watch some tennis. Channel 4: Watch some golf. Channel 5: Edit your Bomberman character. Channel 6: Go to the options menu. Channel 7: Display calendar. Channel 8: Name your Bomberman character. Channel 9: Buy things from the gumball machine.

The TV can be used to watch demos of matches (computer-only matches) from the game's different modes. There is also a gumball machine, which allows the player to spend 100 coins on things such as outfits for the player's Bomberman (coins are earned by playing the main game modes, and items are chosen at random). The player's customized Bomberman can be used in any battle mode.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bomberman Hardball


text: User talk:70.16.217.236

title: User talk:70.16.217.236


text:
User talk:J8J3B

 * Actually, the Nationals really aren't a new team,just a team in transition, almost all the same players they had in Montreal are still there for now. Your connotation of newness would probably be more appropriate in the context of an Expansion Team, rather than a relocated team.Karmafist 20:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:J8J3B


text:
Illinois Route 158

Illinois Route 158 is an east–west state road in southwestern Illinois. Its western terminus is at Illinois Route 3 in Columbia and its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 50, in O'Fallon. This is a distance of 25.81 mi.

Route description
Illinois 158 is an important east–west highway in the southeastern portions of the metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri area. It runs from Columbia through Millstadt, Belleville, and near the Scott Air Force Base. Portions of the route run north–south geographically.

IL 158 has a wrong-way concurrency with IL 161 near Scott Air Force Base, where you are going east on 158 and west on 161 at the same time. IDOT has used "North" and "South" cardinal direction banners for IL 158 for that concurrency in an attempt to remove confusion in that area. For the rest of the route, it is signed "East" and "West".

The eastern terminus is actually the intersection with US 50 just north of I-64. The road extends past the point as "Scott-Troy Road".

History
SBI Route 158 ran from Columbia to Belleville on the current Illinois 158 routing. In 1957, it was extended north to O'Fallon, and west to the Jefferson Barracks Bridge; in 1958, Illinois 158 replaced Illinois Route 157 on the bridge approached. In 1960, the western end was brought back to Columbia.

Future
The Illinois Department of Transportation has included a large portion of Illinois 158 in their Gateway Connector project; a southeastern beltway that would run from Columbia east to Scott Air Force Base, and north to Troy.

Illinois 158 will be a proposed 4-laned expressway all throughout its proposed route, however, some interchanges will have ramps and some may have traffic lights. This project has drawn much criticism from local residents of these areas. At least one organization, the Stop 158 group, has formed to block construction of the road and refocus use of taxpayer's dollars on a new Mississippi River bridge south of St. Louis.

The Gateway Connector remains unfunded for construction through 2010.

title: Illinois Route 158


text:
Talk:Charles and Ray Eames

Untitled
This article could use some good photos of Charles and Ray Eames (there are wonderful ones!) Can someone look into this?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.32.241.66 (talk) 22:10, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

I thought it worthwhile to add a note so that people won't get confused between the "Eames Chair" and the "Ames Chair", which seems really easy to do. I inserted the note, but it seems to have been removed.

Here's a picture of an Ames Chair (based on optical illusion): http://www.exploratorium.edu/cmp/exnet/exhibits/group5/ames/

Since I'm a newbie on this, could somebody tell me if this was wrong?

Follow-up:

No, you were correct. I was looking for the Eames chair but didn't know how to spell it. So I found your entry and it clarified the distinction. Thanks!

some ideas to be included?
some important concepts that I think would be nice to include:  discussion concerning the focus on process  banana leaf parable (can this be taken from an audio and translated to text?) design diagram, at least a description of it. host / guest relationshihp?

perhaps it all could fall under a heading of "design philosophy"?

also.. most architects (Bucky Fuller, F L Wright, Eero Saarinen etc ) have a list of 'works' .. this as a long list for eames, but probably worthwhile. request for comments. .patrick

 * I added a bunch of that stuff .. if anyone has any pictures they would like to add that would be great! -- Dwxyzq 13:02, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Charles and Ray Eames
This article should be renamed to Charles and Ray Eames or just Eames. They worked together on most of the projects and she played an important part in most of them. This bias is often seen when talking about great men. Christo and Jeanne-Claude (check the redirect) is working together, but usually you just remember Christo. The Eames Gallery calls itself Charles and Ray Eames Online. Wikipedia has just a stub on Ray Eames and a stub on Charles and Ray Eames. As it is now Charles takes all the credit. All the outside resources are named just Eames, and that is for a reason.DrNumLock 00:45, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

I wholeheartedly second this comment; I came here from the Ray Eames article and was shocked but how little information it contained. We're talking about the female partner of possibly the most well-known design team of the 20th century, not a female artist forgotten by time! I thought that perhaps this article might explain more about the couple's work and why she is merited less attention on Wiki than her husband, but there's nothing in the article that justifies her scanty profile. My suggestion is for both articles to merge under the Charles and Ray Eames article and for their seperate biographical details until their marriage to be covered under different headings. Skywaterblue (talk) 00:45, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I've history merged the three articles according to these comments. Ray's section should still be expanded; and more editing, writing, references and images are probably needed overall to improve the article, but at least Charles doesn't seem to recieve too much credit and throw off the balance with separate articles. There are some photos of the Eames House at that article and the Commons, maybe one should be added to this article. dv dv   dv d  02:13, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

I don't understand why two famous designers share the same page just because they were a couple. They should each have their own separate Wikipedia page. If you want a Wikipedia entry that has both of them, maybe someone should create a new entry for their company instead? Noonehereok (talk) 05:55, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Good question - consensus was to not to have separate pages for Charles and Ray - the article isn't so long as needing to be split with the sections on Charles or Ray summarized. Couples who have worked together and are notable for their work as a couple are often combined into one article. Having one's own article doesn't make a person more "notable."  Since Ray and Charles careers intersected, it is hard to have multiple articles without running into the problem of content forking.  If in time the article grows (size of article is over 60-100Kb), a decision can be made to split the article, however at this time (size of article is 30Kb) there is no need to split the article.  Cheers Gmcbjames (talk) 17:16, 16 August 2015 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Charles and Ray Eames-Silhouettes-Communications primer 256kb.mp4.jpg
Image:Charles and Ray Eames-Silhouettes-Communications primer 256kb.mp4.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:26, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Article renamed, equally importance
I think both were designers and as such should be given equal importance. The article would be renamed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 35.11.38.122 (talk) 01:44, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Eames Category?
It seems to me that there should be a Charles and Ray Eames category. Does anyone have a rationale not to create one? If no comments to the contrary in a few days, then I'm just going to make one. KConWiki (talk) 05:52, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Separate articles?
Should this article be split into two separate ones? I suppose it depends largely on how notable Ray Eames is in her own right, I guess. What do you think? Sound off below. 69.179.180.159 (talk) 00:04, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Although known as a partnership, Ray Eames is a separate person with her own personal history. Considering the fact that there has been a history of losing individual collaborations especially by spouses, I think it is important to recognize Ray Eames accomplishments in her own right. See http://www.metropolismag.com/July-August-2013/Architectures-Lean-In-Moment/.  This page should probably be renamed Charles Eames, Ray's individual information should move to its own page, and "Charles and Ray Eames" should redirect here. Jeddelicious (talk) 18:24, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

 * If you want separate articles they will need sources to show they are separately notable, and that doesn't mean this article shouldn't remain.They are most notable as a partnership. Flat Out  let's discuss it  11:59, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I think Ray is notable, and I appreciate the concern expressed above that Ray's part in the partnership should not be understated. Nevertheless I agree that the long-standing joint article remains the best and clearest way to present our coverage of the two of them. So I support reinstating the redirect that existed until recently. I also note the comment below suggesting that the article could be clearer about their personal relationship, and I would also support appropriate edits to make sure Ray's part of the story is fully represented. --Arxiloxos (talk) 16:20, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
 * The article Ray Eames was merged into section Ray Kaiser Eames. Feel free to edit and improve the article giving due weight to the contributions of Ray Eames. Gmcbjames (talk) 18:20, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that there should be 3 articles. One for Charles and Ray as individual biographies and third for the collective work of the office of Charles and Ray Eames and their employees. The work that they are most notable for (furniture etc) was the result of the collective effort by them and their studio. An analogy would be that Jobs and Wozniak have a separate article to Apple.

Nacentaeons (talk)

Why no mention of their relationship in the lede?
From the birth/death dates (and nee' for Ray) you can infer they were a couple but shouldn't the lede mention this specifically? There are other relationships possible and it isn't until you read down further that you can be sure. I would expect to find something like "a husband/wife design team", or "a couple who collaborated on design". I would make the change myself but I am unsure of what is appropriate in this case.

Arbalest Mike (talk) 01:50, 24 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Added. Please remember: WP:BEBOLD!Cleopatran Apocalypse (talk) 17:02, 26 December 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Gerardwayishott

I LOVE GERARD WAY
he is the hottest guy alive, but i cant say that in front of my bf..
 * ( and ive met him, and seen him in concert, what can i say? im sooo spoiled. and if u dont kno the site, here it is: mychemicalromance.com my fave songs are you know what they do to guys like us in prison and helena (so long and goodnight)

--BACK OFF ALL U BEYOTCHES,CUZ I HAVE A BETTER CHANCE THAN U DO-- here's another great website, but u cant afford it, trust me. eluxury.com if u camn, email me, dpereira3@msn.com (its not my email its my aunts.

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The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame...

The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame... is a sports series that debuted in 2005 and aired on ESPN2 and ESPN Classic. The show ran from April 2005 to April 2007. The show was canceled when ESPN Classic phased out the production of original programs. Some episodes were planned but never completed.

Format
Hosted by Brian Kenny, the series examines controversial figures and events in the history of sports that featured figure(s) involved in the event later being labeled as a scapegoat. In each episode, the show defends the accused by presenting evidence to separate fact from fiction, and then explaining why the accused cannot be held accountable from experts and witnesses.

Several reasons that didn't make the list (called "The Best of the Rest") are discussed first, followed by the actual top five reasons.

The first episode aired in April 2005 and examined The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame Steve Bartman for the Cubs' 2003 playoff collapse. Bartman was excoriated by Cubs fans as the reason for the Cubs' 8th inning collapse against the Florida Marlins in the sixth game of the 2003 National League Championship Series. He unwittingly became the focus of the derision of long-suffering Cubs fans and the butt of many jokes.

Schedule history
When the show moved to ESPN Classic late in 2005, the show debuted at 9 p.m. Eastern time. The following year, it was moved back to 10 p.m. In both cases, new episodes debuted on Tuesday and were repeated on Thursday. In late 2006, The Top 5 Reasons... was pulled back to Thursdays only, with the RM Classic Car Auction shown on Tuesdays. Reruns continue to air from time to time; for example, the episode in which Barry Bonds is exonerated aired on August 8, 2007, one day after his 756th career Major League Baseball home run established the new record.

Season 1
After the first episode, the topics in the 1st season covered The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame...

 * Art Modell for moving the Browns to Baltimore.
 * Kobe Bryant for the breakup of the Lakers.
 * John McEnroe for his repeated outbursts in tennis matches.
 * Jerry Krause for the breakup of the Bulls.
 * The Chicago White Sox for throwing the 1919 World Series (see Black Sox Scandal).
 * Wilt Chamberlain for losing to Bill Russell in seven of their eight playoff matchups.
 * The Portland Trail Blazers for drafting Sam Bowie over Michael Jordan.
 * The U.S. golf team for its 1999 Ryder Cup celebration.
 * Bill Buckner for the Red Sox losing the 1986 World Series.
 * Umpire Don Denkinger for the Cardinals losing the 1985 World Series.
 * Harry Frazee for selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees.
 * The Atlanta Falcons for trading Brett Favre.
 * Major League Baseball for continuing the lifetime ban of Pete Rose and thus making him ineligible for the Hall of Fame.
 * Mike Tyson for losing to Buster Douglas.

Season 2
In September 2005, a new line-up of episodes was created. Season 2 examined The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame...:
 * Mitch Williams for the Phillies losing the 1993 World Series.
 * Ralph Branca for the Dodgers losing the 1951 pennant (see "The Shot Heard 'Round the World").
 * The Edmonton Oilers for trading Wayne Gretzky.
 * The BCS for the lack of a playoff in Division I-A college football.
 * Terrell Owens for his over-the-top celebrations.
 * Earnest Byner for the Browns' 1988 playoff loss (see The Fumble).
 * Dan Marino for never winning a Super Bowl.
 * Scott Norwood for the Buffalo Bills losing Super Bowl XXV. (See Wide Right.)
 * Sports Illustrated magazine for publishing a Swimsuit Issue.
 * Bob Knight for his repeated outbursts.
 * Fred Brown for Georgetown's loss to North Carolina in the 1982 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship NCAA Final.
 * Georgetown for losing to Villanova in the 1985 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship NCAA Final.
 * Chris Webber for Michigan's loss to North Carolina in the 1993 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship NCAA Final.
 * George Steinbrenner for the economic divide in Major League Baseball. (The Kansas City Royals would win the 2015 World Series 10 years after the episode aired.)
 * Jose Canseco for revealing the extent of steroid use in baseball.

Season 3
Season 3 examined The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame...
 * Michael Jordan for trying to play baseball.
 * Charles Barkley for saying, "I am not a role model."
 * Walter O'Malley for moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles.
 * Greg Norman for not winning more majors.
 * Len Bias's death for the demise of the Boston Celtics. (This was often referred as the "Curse of Len Bias" in Boston, at least until the Celtics won the 2008 NBA title.)
 * Dennis Rodman for being a bad boy.
 * Marvin Hagler for losing to Sugar Ray Leonard in 1987.
 * Anna Kournikova for never winning a singles tennis title.
 * The NCAA for not paying athletes.
 * George Foreman for losing to Muhammad Ali. (See "Rumble in the Jungle.")
 * Barry Bonds for being Barry Bonds. (The Pittsburgh Pirates would end its string of 20 consecutive losing seasons in 2013.)
 * Steroids for the home run explosion.
 * The Minnesota Vikings for trading for Herschel Walker.
 * Peyton Manning for never winning the Big One. (He did win at the end of the 2006 NFL season and Super Bowl 50 in the 2015-2016 season, but both were after this episode aired.)
 * Pete Carroll for USC losing to Texas in the 2006 Rose Bowl.
 * Jerry Jones for the demise of the Cowboys.
 * Hardcore NASCAR fans for hating Jeff Gordon.
 * Grady Little for the Red Sox losing the 2003 ALCS.
 * The New York Yankees for losing a 3-0 lead to the Boston Red Sox in the 2004 ALCS.
 * Bobby Cox for the repeated postseason losses of the Atlanta Braves.
 * Bode Miller for not living up to the hype.
 * Matt Leinart for returning for his senior season at USC.

Season 4
The following programs aired in Season 4:
 * The Referees for Miami losing the 2003 Fiesta Bowl.
 * The Buffalo Bills for losing four consecutive Super Bowls.
 * John Carlos and Tommie Smith for the Black Power Salute.
 * Phi Slama Jama for not winning an NCAA Championship.
 * UNLV for losing to Duke in the 1991 Final Four.
 * The Red Sox for letting Roger Clemens go.
 * John Daly for being golf's bad boy.
 * Mike Tyson for being out of control.
 * The American League for using a Designated Hitter.
 * John Elway for refusing to play for the Baltimore Colts.
 * The referees for the U.S. Basketball loss to USSR in 1972.
 * Bucky Bleeping Dent for the Red Sox losing the 1978 AL East.

title: The Top 5 Reasons You Can't Blame...


text:
Area codes 781 and 339

Area code 781 and 339 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The numbering plan area consists of Boston’s inner suburbs, known as the Route 128 corridor, and some outer suburbs, especially in the South Shore region. It was created as in an area code split of area code 617 on September 1, 1997. Use of 781 became mandatory February 1, 1998. Area code 339 is an overlay complex code for the same service area, activated on May 2, 2001. Since then, ten-digit dialing has been mandatory.

Some mobile telephone numbers assigned in the 1990s to rate centers in 781 and 339 kept the 617 area code just on those mobile lines after the split.

Service area
The area codes serve most of the South Shore, and the suburbs along Route 128 and surrounding towns. The service area includes portions of the following counties:
 * Essex
 * Middlesex
 * Norfolk
 * Plymouth
 * Suffolk

Communities:

 * Abington
 * Arlington
 * Bedford
 * Braintree
 * Burlington
 * Canton
 * Cohasset
 * Dedham
 * Duxbury
 * Halifax
 * Hanover
 * Hanson
 * Hingham
 * Holbrook
 * Hull
 * Kingston
 * Lexington
 * Lincoln
 * Lynn
 * Lynnfield
 * Malden
 * Marblehead
 * Marshfield
 * Medford
 * Melrose
 * Nahant
 * Needham
 * Norwell
 * Norwood
 * Pembroke
 * Plympton
 * Randolph
 * Reading
 * Revere
 * Rockland
 * Saugus
 * Scituate
 * Sharon
 * Stoneham
 * Stoughton
 * Swampscott
 * Wakefield
 * Waltham
 * Wellesley
 * Weston
 * Westwood
 * Weymouth
 * Whitman
 * Winchester
 * Woburn

781-NXX

 * Arlington (includes part of Medford): 316, 443, 483, 488, 574, 583, 641, 643, 645, 646, 648, 777, 819, 844, 859
 * Braintree: 228, 267, 303, 348, 353, 356, 380, 394, 428, 510, 519, 535, 602, 654, 664, 794, 796, 817, 843, 848, 849, 884, 917, 926, 930, 952, 964
 * Burlington: 202, 203, 221, 229, 238, 262, 265, 270, 272, 273, 313, 328, 345, 359, 362, 365, 387, 418, 425, 442, 494, 505, 552, 564, 565, 601, 653, 685, 730, 743, 744, 750, 757, 791, 825, 852, 892, 896, 993, 998
 * Canton: 232, 298, 302, 332, 363, 364, 401, 415, 562, 571, 575, 615, 633, 713, 737, 739, 746, 770, 774, 821, 828, 830, 989
 * Cohasset: 210, 236, 383, 527, 923
 * Dedham (includes part of Westwood): 223, 251, 320, 326, 329, 355, 366, 375, 381, 407, 410, 441, 459, 461, 467, 471, 492, 493, 613, 636, 686, 690, 708, 742, 751, 752, 801, 915
 * Hingham: 374, 385, 556, 630, 706, 735, 740, 741, 749, 783, 804, 836, 875, 903, 908, 919
 * Hull: 214, 242, 773, 925
 * Lexington (includes Bedford): 226, 230, 240, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 280, 301, 323, 325, 354, 357, 372, 377, 382, 402, 430, 456, 457, 458, 482, 515, 532, 533, 538, 541, 553, 597, 652, 669, 671, 674, 676, 687, 698, 734, 748, 761, 766, 778, 841, 845, 860, 861, 862, 863, 869, 879, 918, 945, 958, 981, 999
 * Lincoln: 259
 * Lynn: 215, 244, 248, 254, 268, 309, 346, 477, 479, 581, 584, 586, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 598, 599, 632, 691, 710, 715, 718, 731, 771, 780, 842, 910, 913
 * Malden: 288, 321, 322, 324, 333, 338, 388, 397, 399, 420, 480, 502, 605, 627, 661, 667, 851, 870, 873, 905, 912
 * Medford: 219, 306, 350, 391, 393, 395, 396, 475, 498, 518, 526, 539, 628, 655, 658, 723, 827, 866, 874, 957, 960
 * Melrose: 432, 462, 517, 590, 606, 620, 662, 665, 712, 720, 979
 * Needham: 247, 292, 343, 400, 429, 433, 444, 449, 453, 455, 465, 474, 495, 514, 540, 559, 644, 657, 707, 719, 726, 727, 898, 965, 972
 * Norwood (includes part of Westwood): 255, 369, 278, 349, 352, 414, 440, 501, 551, 603, 619, 634, 680, 688, 702, 725, 762, 769, 856, 881, 929, 948, 949, 956
 * Randolph (includes Holbrook): 300, 308, 390, 437, 473, 506, 510, 607, 767, 785, 815, 824, 885, 888, 961, 963, 986
 * Reading: 205, 282, 315, 439, 509, 649, 670, 673, 677, 758, 764, 765, 779, 872, 909, 942, 944
 * Revere: 241, 284, 286, 289, 426, 485, 549, 560, 629, 656, 808, 823, 853, 858, 922, 951, 953,
 * Saugus: 231, 233, 558
 * Stoneham: 279, 435, 438, 454, 481, 507, 568, 572, 799, 832, 835, 850, 954, 984
 * Wakefield: 213, 224, 245, 246, 258, 295, 360, 451, 486, 548, 557, 567, 587, 621, 683, 716, 876, 914, 928, 968
 * Waltham (includes part of Weston): 207, 208, 209, 212, 216, 249, 250, 256, 290, 296, 299, 314, 317, 330, 370, 373, 386, 392, 398, 409, 419, 434, 464, 466, 472, 478, 487, 513, 516, 522, 529, 530, 543, 547, 577, 609, 612, 614, 622, 642, 647, 663, 668, 672, 678, 684, 693, 697, 699, 736, 768, 775, 786, 788, 790, 795, 810, 833, 839, 864, 890, 891, 893, 894, 895, 899, 902, 906, 907, 916, 966, 996
 * Wellesley (includes part of Weston): 235, 237, 239, 263, 283, 304, 371, 416, 431, 446, 489, 591, 694, 705, 772, 943, 992, 997
 * Weymouth: 277, 331, 335, 337, 340, 413, 534, 624, 626, 637, 682, 724, 789, 803, 812, 901, 927, 974, 985
 * Winchester: 218, 358, 368, 369, 389, 570, 589, 604, 625, 717, 721, 722, 729, 756, 760, 838, 971, 977, 983
 * Woburn: 281, 287, 305, 367, 376, 404, 405, 460, 491, 496, 497, 503, 504, 528, 537, 569, 608, 638, 640, 696, 704, 759, 782, 787, 865, 883, 897, 904, 932, 933, 935, 937, 938, 939, 962, 670, 994, 995

339-NXX

 * Arlington: 368, 707
 * Braintree: 235
 * Bryantville: 244, 933
 * Burlington: 234
 * Cambridge: 550, 940, 976
 * Canton: 237, 502
 * Cohasset: 337
 * Dedham: 204
 * Hingham: 200, 236
 * Kingston: 309, 832
 * Lexington: 223, 970
 * Lincoln: 333
 * Lowell: 920
 * Lynn: 440, 883
 * Malden: 224
 * Marshfield: 793
 * Medford:221, 545, 674
 * Melrose: 293
 * Needham: 225
 * Norwell: 613
 * Norwood: 206
 * Randolph: 987
 * Revere: 226, 532
 * Rockland: 469, 788
 * Saugus: 600
 * Scituate: 526
 * Sharon: 230, 364
 * Wakefield: 203, 219
 * Waltham: 222, 814
 * Wellesley: 686
 * Weymouth: 355, 499
 * Woburn: 227, 298, 645, 927

N11 codes

 * 2-1-1: United Way Worldwide (UWW) and the Alliance for Information and Referral Systems (AIRS)
 * 3-1-1: unused
 * 4-1-1: directory assistance
 * 5-1-1: traffic information or police non-emergency services (treated as calling to the 617 area code)
 * 6-1-1: unused
 * 7-1-1: TDD relay (MassRelay) for the deaf
 * 8-1-1: underground public utility location (Dig Safe),
 * 9-1-1: emergency services

title: Area codes 781 and 339


text:
Hypoplasia

Hypoplasia (from Ancient Greek hypo- 'under' + πλάσις plasis 'formation'; adjective form hypoplastic) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ. Although the term is not always used precisely, it properly refers to an inadequate or below-normal number of cells. Hypoplasia is similar to aplasia, but less severe. It is technically not the opposite of hyperplasia (too many cells). Hypoplasia is a congenital condition, while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life. (Atrophy, the wasting away of already existing cells, is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.)

Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ. It is descriptive of many medical conditions, including underdevelopment of organs such as:
 * Breasts during puberty
 * Testes in Klinefelter's syndrome
 * Ovaries in Fanconi anemia, gonadal dysgenesis, trisomy X
 * Thymus in DiGeorge syndrome
 * Labia majora in popliteal pterygium syndrome
 * Corpus callosum, connecting the two sides of the brain, in agenesis of the corpus callosum
 * Cerebellum caused by mutation in the reelin gene
 * Tooth caused by oral pathology, such as Turner's hypoplasia
 * Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome
 * Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia
 * Sacrum in sacral agenesis
 * Facial muscle in asymmetric crying facies
 * Thumb from birth
 * Lungs, often as a result of oligohydramnios during gestation or the existence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
 * Small bowel in coeliac disease
 * Fingers and ears in harlequin-type ichthyosis
 * Mandible in congenital hypothyroidism

title: Hypoplasia


text:
Government of Illinois

The Government of Illinois, under Illinois' Constitution, has three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The State's executive branch is split into several statewide elected offices, with the Governor as chief executive and head of state, and has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions. Legislative functions are granted to the General Assembly, a bicameral body consisting of the 118-member House of Representatives and the 59-member Senate. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Illinois and lower courts.

Executive
The executive branch is composed of six elected officers and their offices, as well as numerous other departments. Illinois is one of 26 states that elect their governor on the same ticket as their lieutenant governor. The six elected officers are:

Departments
The government of Illinois has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions; however, the code departments, so called because they are established by the Civil Administrative Code of Illinois, provide most of the state's services:

 * Department on Aging
 * Department of Agriculture
 * Department of Central Management Services
 * Department of Children and Family Services James R. Thompson Center.JPG in the Loop]]
 * Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
 * Department of Corrections
 * Emergency Management Agency
 * Department of Employment Security
 * Department of Financial and Professional Regulation
 * Department of Healthcare and Family Services
 * Department of Human Rights
 * Department of Human Services
 * Department of Juvenile Justice
 * Department of Labor
 * Department of the Lottery
 * Department of Natural Resources
 * Department of Public Health
 * Department of Revenue
 * Department of State Police
 * Department of Transportation
 * Department of Veterans' Affairs

Former Lt. Governor and Attorney General Neil Hartigan currently serves as General Counsel to The Governor of Illinois (J.B. Pritzker). Regulations are codified in the Illinois Administrative Code. The Illinois Register is the weekly publication containing proposed and adopted rules.

Legislature
The Illinois General Assembly is the state legislature, composed of the 118-member Illinois House of Representatives and the 59-member Illinois Senate. Representatives elect from their chamber a Speaker and Speaker pro tempore, and senators elect from the chamber a President of the Senate.

The Governor has different types of vetoes, such as a full veto, reduction veto, and an amendatory veto, but the General Assembly has the power to override gubernatorial vetoes through a three-fifths majority vote of each chamber. The General Assembly's session laws are published in the official Laws of Illinois. The Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) are the codified statutes of a general and permanent nature.

Judiciary

The Supreme Court has limited original jurisdiction and has final appellate jurisdiction. It has mandatory jurisdiction in capital cases and cases where the constitutionality of laws has been called into question, and has discretionary jurisdiction from the Appellate Court. The Appellate Court is the court of first appeal for civil and criminal cases rising in the Illinois circuit courts.

The circuit courts are trial courts of original jurisdiction. There are 24 judicial circuits in the state, each comprising one or more of Illinois' 102 counties. The circuit court has general jurisdiction and can decide, with few exceptions, any kind of case.

Capital city
Springfield is the state capital. Many state offices are in Springfield, and it is the regular meeting place of the Illinois General Assembly. All officers chosen in statewide elections are required to have at least one residence in Springfield, funded by the state government.

Most cabinet officers and constitutional officers conduct a majority of their business in Chicago, with offices at the James R. Thompson Center. In 2012, St. Louis Post-Dispatch columnist Pat Gauen argued that "in the reality of Illinois politics, [Springfield] shares de facto capital status with Chicago." According to Gauen, "Everybody who's anybody in Illinois government has an office in Chicago." University of Illinois researcher and former member of the Illinois legislature Jim Nowlan stated "It’s almost like Chicago is becoming the shadow capital of Illinois" and that "Springfield is almost become a hinterland outpost." A former director of the Southern Illinois University Paul Simon Institute for Public Affairs, Mike Lawrence, criticized state officials for spending so little time in Springfield since it estranged them from and devalued Illinois state employees in that city.

In 2007, Illinois state representative Raymond Poe sponsored House Bill 1959, which proposed ending state financing for officers' travel to Springfield. "The state capital is Springfield, and that should be their work location," said Poe.

Local government

The administrative divisions of Illinois are the counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special-purpose districts. Illinois has more units of local government than any other state—over 8,000 in all. The basic subdivision of Illinois are the 102 counties. 85 of the 102 counties are in turn divided into 1,432 townships. Municipal governments are the cities, villages, and incorporated towns. Some localities possess "home rule", which allows them to govern themselves to a certain extent. Illinois counties, townships, cities, and villages may promulgate local ordinances. Illinois also has several types of school districts (including the Chicago Public Schools and the Illinois Community College System) and additional units of government that oversee many other functions.

title: Government of Illinois


text:
Talk:Election (1999 film)

Untitled
This article is extremely poorly written. For example - in the plot it states that he professes his love for Linda, after a bee sting. First of all, he was stung by the bee the night before. Secondly, why would you even phrase it that way? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.192.213.238 (talk) 19:28, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

This film has nothing to do with race, but someone tries to insinuate that it does.

Hello, Wikipedia. I do not know enough about the movie 'Election' to edit its page, but its literacy is not up-to-standard for the site (grammatically) so I am hoping the good person who wrote and shared such a detailed review of the film edits their page further. Also, I don't think words like 'sluttiness' are appropriate for an encyclopedia. I am sorry to complain; anyone who contributes to this site is excellent, in my opinion :)

I've tidied this up some, but the discussion of the themes feels like someone's term paper, rather than an encyclopedia article. I'm not at all clear that it's appropriate to include. Boojum 20:01, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've never seen the movie, so I don't know how accurate the themes are. But I think with some cleaning up they could be useful...if you chose to remove them I wouldn't argue though. User:Premeditated Chaos 19:30, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've seen the movie several times, and while the 'themes' make sense in regards to the movie, I'm also not sure how encyclopedic they are. They feel out of place with the rest of the article, IMHO.  Christy747 23:13, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Mind, this entire article is rather out of place with itself...=P User:Premeditated Chaos 06:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Yea, the plot summary here is poorly written and just plain incorrect in several places. One of these days when I have time, I will rewrite. Eric Cable |  Talk  20:14, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Compromising situation?
There is absolutely no indication that Tracy is using her sexuality to curry favor with the congressman at the end of the movie. Indeed, this politician is played by a real-life congressman (at the moment, his name escapes me). The notion that a sitting United States Congressman would allow himself to portrayed as a philanderer in any way in any media is absurd to the point that it renders absudity obsolete. I don't know where the author gets this, aside from his/her own assumption. This point needs to be deleted.Swatson1978 00:02, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Tammy's Speech
Tammy's campaign speech to the student body is one of the most memorable scenes ever filmed.--FrickFrack 21:27, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
I think this article needs a serious cleanup. There's currently 11 paragraphs detailing the plot (in a non-encylcopedic tone, in my opinion). The article also has 27 Trivia points. I'm not opposed to lengthy wikipedia articles; but it seems to me this article could be written in more concise terms with less emphasis on plot spoilers and pop culture trivia. 66.17.118.195 17:08, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The entry does seem full of WP:OR and/or a lack of the use of WP:RS to back up claims. There also seems to be a lot of trivia masquerading as other kinds of information. I have flagged some concerns but there is a lot of work that needs doing, I am unsure if this might be best acoomplished by removing quite a few sections. (Emperor 22:13, 11 July 2007 (UTC))

Fair use rationale for Image:Election poster.jpg
Image:Election poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:52, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Direction
I've added a note on the film's narrative style, which I think is a distinctive feature of this particular film and should get a mention in an encyclopedic article. It's an obvious point that stands as it is, I think, but I'll go looking for some published criticism about this aspect of the film to see if I can link out to a reference. Adam C Fletcher (talk) 12:30, 22 May 2009 (UTC) Done :) Adam C Fletcher (talk) 13:18, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

The claim that the novel "Election" was inspired by the incident in Eau Claire, Wisconsin where a pregnant girl was denied the homecoming queen title sounds dubious. I haven't found any source that makes that claim independent from Wikipedia. Moebius —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.166.31.21 (talk) 19:18, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Certification
I've also added in information on the UK certification of the film. The line 'some moderate sex and references' sounds terribly clunky but is word for word the advice on the BBFC site. Adam C Fletcher (talk) 08:21, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

This movie sucks
The article does not accurately represent how crappy this movie is. Particularly the creepiness of Mathew Broderick. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.186.116.78 (talk) 04:33, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

I would have phrased it better, but some mention of critical reception would be nice. The lack of it makes me think "universally panned". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.70.170.48 (talk) 11:56, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

Statutory Rape
The plot mentions that the teacher who seduced Tracey was not charged with statutory rape. The age of consent in Nebraska is 17. Tracey is depicted as being at the end of her junior year (running for student body president for the following school year). Most poeple are 17 by the end of their junior year. It is possible, therefore, that there could not be a charge of statutory rape if Tracey was of age. Of course still wrong for a married teacher to seduce a student. Eric Cable |  Talk  20:10, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Production controversy
okay, this has become subject to some edit warring, without any discussion at all, and we have one user sniping at another in the main article itself. I've rolled back this because Wordpress is 100% not a WP:RS and the xojane article is basically a blog/lifestyle article, not a news one. I agree with that is it is not really germane to the article and is more suited to the associated actor's pages. , please make your case here as to why you think it should belong, keeping in mind WP:NPA WP:BLP WP:RS. Thanks. hbdragon88 (talk) 10:00, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your post, hbdragon88, you are right when you say that there should have been discussion before this., can you make a case for your addition? --- The Old Jacobite The '45 14:38, 25 December 2017 (UTC)

I never responded to your question "The Old Jacobite" because I thought that I'd made it clear I believed an accusation (allegation) of sexual assault from a former industry professional against her ex-boss Alexander Payne was worth mentioning in light of the Harvey Weinstein allegations. As you will no doubt recall Harvey was merely "alleged" to have committed crimes for a considerable period of time before he was actually prosecuted and convicted for any of them.

It seemed clear that some other Wikipedia Editor took it upon themselves to decide which allegations can or cannot be made here based on...I'm not sure what. Failure for well-known newspapers to pick up on the story?

In any event I just recalled that in 2020 Rose McGowan claimed Alexander Payne had sex with her when she was only 15. There are many major newspapers that picked up that accusation / allegation of statutory rape. I googled that and sure enough Rose McGowan had indeed heard of Payne's previous accuser whose story I linked to in the xo jane blog. I see The Sun (UK) picked up the story about the previous accuser in August of 2020 -- see link:

https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/12458103/former-assistant-claims-alexander-payne-belittled-her/

So now that's TWO women who've accused Payne of sexual harassment / permitting sexual assault, or committing statutory rape. Apparently that was enough for Rose MacGowan's accusation to get assigned to Payne's personal wikipedia page.

I live and work in Hollywood but I have never had any professional ties to Payne or MacGowan or his previous accuser. However, it seemed to me there was the "ring of truth" to the previous allegation and I felt it was worth mentioning. With a stronger accusation and much more press backing up the initial accuser, I should think the above link from The Sun should probably be put on Payne's wiki page.
 * FWIW, TOJ hasn't edited since 2018, so I wouldn't anticipate a response. DonIago (talk) 01:35, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

Unsourced material
"Tracy announces to Jim, who is in charge of organizing the school's student government, that she is running for student body president, telling him they "will be spending a lot of time together." In Jim's mind, this is a sign of unbridled ambition and sexual manipulation, and finds it repugnant. With Tracy appearing to have no opposition, Jim decides to humiliate Tracy by encouraging Paul Metzler to enter the race ."

Emphasis is mine. This material is unsourced (or just speculation). It seems to me Jim isn't trying to humiliate Tracy, just find a candidate who can beat her. The first bit is speculative as well. Renard Migrant (talk) 13:41, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, the article's not protected, WP:SOFIXIT? I mean, I appreciate your caution, but why not just make appropriate edits? Something I'm missing? DonIago (talk) 19:09, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

Junior or Senior?
The article currently describes Tracy as "an overachieving senior". I assume it would be normal for elections for student government president to take place towards the end of the junior year of high school. There are a few hints in the narration that this is still the junior year. Tracy's relationship with Dave Novotny is described as taking place in Tracy's junior year, "a few months" before the events of the film. Paul Metzler broke his leg "at Shadow Ridge over Christmas break" and his leg is still in a brace. The narration towards the end of the film describes the events of senior year. I'm not very familiar with the American high school system, but shouldn't Tracy be described as "an overachieving junior"? Jean-de-Nivelle (talk) 17:04, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

Was it "grooming"?
The revision as of 00:48, 5 September 2023 changed it to say Novotny was grooming Tracy. That's not how I remembered the movie, so I looked up its script. And the argument seems a little weak. Mr. Novotny did not have intent to "groom" her, nor was there any suggestions that his actions fall under the current wikipedia definition of child grooming, in particular "to lower the child's inhibitions with the objective of sexual abuse".

The whole thing seems like colleagues having an affair and then falling in love, even though he knows it was wrong. Her perception of it is questionable. On the one hand she is smart enough to debunk the thought that she was being taken advantage of, or that she was seeking a father figure. But on the other hand, she admits she felt safe and protected with him. Near the end, she even hopes that he finished the great novel he was supposed to write.

So, I'm going to add a "citation needed" tag to that sentence, because I'm too chicken to remove it completely. Hopefully others come along and weigh in on this. Fshafique (talk) 02:04, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

 * "Colleagues"?! 2601:601:D00:3D50:9CBF:DB42:199A:53BA (talk) 04:25, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think we should include a buzzword such as "grooming" unless reliable sources have utilized it. DonIago (talk) 14:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * "In 2011, Sue Gardner, then the executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation, compiled examples from women about why they don’t edit Wikipedia, culled from message boards around the Internet. One woman pointed out that in pages for movies, rape scenes are often called “sex scenes” or sometimes even, “making love.” “When people try to change it, editors change it back and note that unlike ‘sex,’ the word ‘rape’ is not neutral, so it should be left out,” she wrote. “Discovering that feature was really jarring and made me feel unwelcome there.”
 * - The Atlantic, 2015.
 * The world moves on, but the culture of this site never changes. 2601:601:D00:3D50:2785:7857:8BB5:D249 (talk) 11:58, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * It's ironic that you'd pull a quote from 2011 to try to make an argument that things never change. The only argument I see being made here is that we shouldn't use the word "grooming" unless that's how reliable sources have described it. This is also in alignment with Wikipedia's policy regarding verifiability. Do you have an alternate proposal that would be in alignment with Wikipedia policy? DonIago (talk) 13:32, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * "Jim fills in the tawdry back story for the audience, detailing what most accounts of the movie characterize as an affair between a student and a teacher. Really, though, it’s a textbook case of predatory grooming. Dave undermines Tracy’s self-esteem and separates her from her peers by telling her how lonely she seems to him, and offering himself as a special friend, someone who understands her in a way nobody else can. He swears her to secrecy, takes her to his house, puts “Three Times a Lady” on the stereo and drags her into the bedroom. Right before that happens, she’s shown sitting on his sofa sipping root beer from a can, her posture and facial expressions decidedly childlike." A.O. Scott, New York Times
 * https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/movies/tracy-flick-reese-witherspoon.html
 * "“In the years since I wrote that, the paradigm shifted completely,” he added. “There’s no way a girl of 15 could choose that.”... Along the way, Tracy, like her creator, realizes that her infamous “affair” was more a case of grooming and abuse than she had ever let herself believe."
 * Interview with Tom Perrotta, author of the novel
 * https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2022-06-05/column-tracy-flick-returns-to-the-scene-of-the-crime
 * "Notably, Election anticipates contemporary conversations about grooming and incel culture decades before social media mainstreamed them."
 * Annie Berke, Los Angeles Review of Books
 * https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/such-little-babies-on-tom-perrottas-tracy-flick-cant-win/ 2601:601:D00:3D50:2F6:7C25:851C:2633 (talk) 18:29, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Given the high quality sources you've provided, I'd support the use of the word "grooming", perhaps with those sources as citations to forestall any future argument over the use of the word. Does this address your concerns? DonIago (talk) 18:34, 17 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you anonymous user(s) for finding some good sources. Thank you @Doniago for really stepping in. Sorry, I haven't had much time to chime in, and it certainly hasn't been easy trying to find the non-paywall versions of some of these articles. I'm still piecing everything together, but some of the thoughts I had were:
 * (1) are some of the cited sources referring to the book or the movie, as the screenplay could've been sanitized to be less controversial.
 * (2) were the intents for those sources driven by a narrative that's different than what was widely understood and assumed. For example, one of the sources referred to her age as 15; the same LATimes article also calls her a "high-achieving 16-year-old"; other search results state 16; she's a junior (according to Wikipedia), which I guess, makes her 16 or 17; the school fired Mr. Novotny instead of reporting him for statutory rape. Is there a magical switch that makes it "grooming" if a person is below the age of consent?
 * (3) there's some useful thoughts in Reddit on A.O.Scott's take on Election (the NYTimes source).
 * (4) I do acknowledge that someone like Tracy could have been ambitious and book-smart, but not necessarily wise enough to understand if she was being groomed.
 * I want to comply with Wikipedia's No Original Research rule, so no personal interpretations of the movie, but as a hetero-cis-male, I acknowledge that my view of the matter could be different than others.
 * Anyways, please bear with me, while I think this through. Thanks! Fshafique (talk) 06:48, 19 January 2024 (UTC)
 * FWIW, an IP just removed mention of "grooming" from the plot summary. It's been ten days since the last comment on this. I haven't reviewed the sources in depth myself and, as such, I don't have a strong opinion one way or another at this time, but if the feeling is that it's appropriate to describe it as grooming then that edit should probably be reverted. DonIago (talk) 18:46, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Election (1999 film)


text:
Craignure

Craignure (Creag an Iubhair) is a village and the main ferry port on the Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The village is within the parish of Torosay.

Geography
The village is located around Craignure Bay, on Mull's east coast. It has a population of roughly 200 people. Close to the village are two castles: Torosay and Duart.

Ferry
A regular ferry service connects Craignure with mainland Scotland via the Sound of Mull. The original pier, on the south side of the bay, was built in 1894. The present pier, on the west side of the bay, was built in 1964. Ferries run every two hours (3 to 5 times per day during the winter, & up to 10 times per day during the summer) between Craignure and Oban (on the mainland) by CalMac.

Road
Craignure is situated on the A849, an indirect route between Salen and Fionnphort. The village is served by buses to Fionnphort and Tobermory.

Railway
Craignure railway station was on the now closed narrow gauge Isle of Mull Railway.

title: Craignure


text:
Magic Circle (law firms)

"The Magic Circle" is an informal term describing the five most prestigious London-headquartered multinational law firms, which generally outperform the rest of the London law firms on profitability. The term has also been used to describe the most prestigious barristers' chambers in London. All of the 'Magic Circle' law firms and barristers' chambers specialise primarily in corporate law.

History and evolution
The term was coined by legal reporters in the 1990s and is generally considered to include the following five law firms: A&O Shearman, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, and Slaughter and May. The Magic Circle has been termed a "journalistic device, coined by legal reporters in the wake of the break-up of its predecessor, the 'Club of Nine'". The Club of Nine was an informal group of law firms that comprised Allen & Overy (now A&O Shearman), Clifford Chance, Freshfields (now Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer), Herbert Smith (now Herbert Smith Freehills), Linklaters, Lovells (now Hogan Lovells), Norton Rose (now Norton Rose Fulbright), Slaughter and May, and Stephenson Harwood. The members of the Club of Nine had an informal "no-poaching" agreement and the firm's senior partners would meet. In 1996, Stephenson Harwood was asked to leave the Club of Nine due to its stagnant performance, and the Club was disbanded in 2000.

In contrast to the Club of Nine, the Magic Circle is an informal grouping of law firms. Initially, the Magic Circle's membership was described by commentators as comprising the UK firms with strong corporate practices or international work. The term "Magic Circle" denoted that the firms within it had outperformed the other Club of Nine counterparts. At the time, these firms were Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, and Slaughter and May. Generally, the Magic Circle firms have among the highest earnings-per-partner and earnings-per-lawyer of UK-headquartered law firms.

In 2004, Slaughter and May's then senior partner, Tim Clark, said: "It's a funny concept. I don't know where the term came from or who founded it. It's mainly something that comes up when we talk to journalists or they talk to us. We don't describe ourselves as a Magic Circle firm in any of our marketing material." Linklaters' then head of corporate, David Cheyne, said: "City law firms years ago used to provide information to each other so they could keep in touch with what was going on, but that ended yonks ago... It seems to be a term to describe the leading City firms and there is some truth in it." Then corporate partner at Herbert Smith Freehills and former investment banker Henry Raine said: "The phrase was coined by a legal magazine and referred to firms which were very strong in corporate or international work. At the time, Herbert Smith was languishing in the corporate stakes, and so was consigned to the outer darkness."

In 2013, The Lawyer argued that Clifford Chance and Slaughter and May should no longer form part of the Magic Circle. It argued that Clifford Chance's profitability does not match the other Magic Circle firms, and that Slaughter and May operates a different (UK-focused) model, with revenue less than half of the other Magic Circle firms. In 2017 The Lawyer magazine stated that it no longer considers Slaughter and May to form part of the Magic Circle due to its lower revenues and UK domestic focus. It wrote "Slaughters fits the silver circle bill in every respect. London-centric, sky-high PEP, top-tier work, an aura of prestige: Slaughter and May is far more like Macfarlanes than the Magic Circle quartet it is commonly lumped in with. To put it in the same category as Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and Linklaters would be inaccurate, and to say it is in a class of its own is frankly showing the firm too much deference." Nonetheless, other commentators still consider Slaughter and May to be a member of the Magic Circle.

Firms not included
Among the large firms not included in the term are Herbert Smith Freehills; Hogan Lovells; Norton Rose Fulbright; and Stephenson Harwood, which are less profitable. Also, at the time the term was coined, the corporate practice at Herbert Smith (as it was known pre-merger) was focused on privatisation work, which had dried up. Arguably for this reason, it was not included in the initial Magic Circle.

Relationship with the Silver Circle
The Silver Circle is an informal term for perceived elite corporate law firms headquartered in the United Kingdom that are the main competitors for the Magic Circle in the United Kingdom. The term was coined by The Lawyer magazine in 2005 in response to the pre-existing term, Magic Circle. These firms have a lower turnover than the members of the Magic Circle, but consistently have an average profits per equity partner (PEP) and average revenue per lawyer (RPL) far above the UK average  (and, in some instances, higher than members of the Magic Circle). Contrary to what the term Silver Circle may suggest, there is no Golden Circle.

Impact of globalisation and relevance of the term
UK law firms, including Magic Circle law firms, have experienced increased competition from US law firms both domestically (from US law firms with a UK presence) and internationally.

In 2013, The Lawyer argued that the term Magic Circle would lose its relevance, becoming "outmoded": "It will remain an easy shorthand to denote the UK-heritage firms with the biggest revenues, the most international work and which consistently outperform the rest of the [UK] market on profitability." It was argued that by 2023 global law firms will rather be split between the Global Elite law firms, International Business law firms and Super Boutique law firms.

The Global Elite law firms comprise Allen & Overy; Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton; Clifford Chance; Davis Polk & Wardwell; Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer; Herbert Smith Freehills; Kirkland & Ellis; White & Case; Latham & Watkins; Linklaters; Simpson Thacher & Bartlett; Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom; Sidley Austin; and Weil, Gotshal & Manges.

The International Business law firms comprise CMS; Ashurst; Baker McKenzie; DLA Piper; Hogan Lovells; Jones Day; King & Wood Mallesons and Norton Rose Fulbright.

The Super Boutique law firms comprise Cravath, Swaine & Moore; Sullivan & Cromwell; Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison; Slaughter and May; and Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz.

In 2014, it was reported that Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer wished to discard its Magic Circle designation in the US in favour of being part of the Global Elite. Similarly, in 2014, Linklaters' then managing partner, Simon Davies, said "The Magic Circle isn't what it used to be in the context of the US market or any market. I don't think it's going to gain power or momentum and I don't think it's a strengthening brand in itself." and "At the end of the day we see ourselves as one of the leading global law firms, not one of the leading Magic Circle firms".

Barristers' chambers
The following barristers' chambers in the United Kingdom are occasionally, by analogy, described by commentators as the Bar's Magic Circle:
 * Blackstone Chambers
 * Brick Court Chambers
 * Essex Court Chambers
 * Fountain Court Chambers
 * One Essex Court

In August 2018, research from The Lawyer, however, showed that South Square Chambers received more instructions from the Magic Circle law firms than any other chambers. Barristers from it worked on 64 matters for the Magic Circle law firms since 2015.

Related terms

 * Big Three law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in New Zealand.
 * Big Four law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in Japan.
 * Big Five law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in South Africa.
 * Big Six law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in Australia. In 2012, three of these firms merged with overseas firms, and one other began operating in association with an overseas firm. As a consequence, it has proposed that the term is no longer applicable to the Australian legal profession, displaced by the concept of Global Elite law firms or International Business law firms.
 * Offshore magic circle, an informal term for leading law firms in offshore financial centers.
 * Red Circle law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in the People's Republic of China coined by The Lawyer magazine in 2014. For further information, also see the list of the largest Chinese law firms.
 * Seven Sisters law firms, a collection of seven leading Canadian law firms with offices in Toronto.
 * White Shoe law firms, an informal term for leading law firms in the United States.

title: Magic Circle (law firms)


text:
Democratic Bloc (Ukraine)

The Democratic Bloc (Демократичний Блок; Demokratychnyi Blok) was a political alliance and an electoral bloc in Ukraine founded during the election campaign to participate in the parliamentary election held in March 1990.

History
The elections in the spring of 1990 were the first where the Soviet-authorities allowed the formation of full-fledged political parties that varied in their political agendas. The first democratic bloc that consisted of smaller parties was formed during the election. The "Democratic Bloc" included the People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh), Helsinki Watch Committee of Ukraine, Green World Association, and other organizations. It managed to obtain 111 seats out of 442 in Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament). The democratic deputies formed the "Narodna Rada" group, which consisted of around 90 to 125 members and was the opposition to the conservative-communist "group of 239" in the parliament ("for the sovereign Soviet Ukraine"). Ihor Yukhnovskyi became the leader of the group. The considered lack of parliamentary seats for the "Democratic Bloc" became one of the causes of the October 1990 "Revolution on Granite".

In the 1990 Ukrainian local elections "Democratic Bloc" won the elections in Lviv Oblast, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Ternopil Oblast.

During the next parliamentary election of 1994 the above-mentioned parties didn't cooperate as "Democratic Bloc" but rather went their separate ways. Eventually, by the end of the 2000s, the People's Movement of Ukraine became part of the Our Ukraine block. Helsinki Watch Committee of Ukraine ceased to exist. Its 1990s offspring, Ukrainian Republican Party merged with Ukrainian People's Party and became part of Our Ukraine. The Green World Association transformed itself into the Party of Greens of Ukraine, but that party hasn't won any seats in the Ukrainian Parliament since the 1998 parliamentary election.

After the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election only People's Movement of Ukraine was represented in Verkhovna Rada. In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election this party participated in 3 constituencies; but its candidates lost in all of them and thus the party won no parliamentary seats.

title: Democratic Bloc (Ukraine)


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/July 26, 2005


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vbh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY REDIRECTED. -Splash 17:23, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Vbh
Appears to be an acronym disambiguation page; I suggest move/rename to 'VBH'. --Alan Au 20:27, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you didn't need to ask us. Be Bold!  humblefool® 21:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well how about that, there's a "Move" tab and everything--you learn something new every day! So actually, VBH page has already been created, so old page still needs to go away. --Alan Au 21:33, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Virginal breast hypertrophy as already done by Spute.-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:42, 2005 July 25 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vbh


text: User talk:68.58.22.231

title: User talk:68.58.22.231


text:
Ramgarh Raj

Ramgarh Raj was the major Zamindari estate in the era of the British Raj in the former Indian province of Bihar. Territories which comprised the Ramgarh Raj presently constitute districts of Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, Chatra, Giridih, Koderma, and Bokaro with 3672 villages. The entire area is rich in minerals like coal and mica and falls under the Indian State of Jharkhand. The First King was Maharaja Baghdeo Singh and the last ruling king was Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh of this estate, until the estate was merged to the Republic of India. The revenue of the estate was about 3600000.

History
The areas that would later comprise the Ramgarh Raj (estate) had initially belonged to the Raja of Chhota Nagpur. Around 14th century Ghatwar king rebelled against Nagvanshi kings. King of Tamar attacked Khukhragarh the capital of Nagvanshis. Nagvanshi king sought help of Baghdeo Singh, the king of Khayaragarh. Baghdeo was made fauzdar of Karra Pargana. Baghdeo suppressed rebellion, killed the king of Tamar. After the job was done, the Raja did not render payment to them of the full promised amount. Later he killed king of Karnpura Karpurdeo and he declared himself as King of that region. Baghdeo Singh, who was anyway in control of the area after quelling rebellion, simply stayed on and declared himself Raja of that area, which is said to have been 22 parganas (districts) in extent.

During 17th century, Dalel Singh built a palace for defence against the Mughal Empire and shifted his capital from Badam to Ramgarh. He built Kaitha Shiv Mandir dedicated to Lord Shiva in Kaitha, Ramgarh which was declared as a National Monument in 2016. He also wrote a book named Shiv Sagar.

During rule of Mughal Empire, Ramgarh Raj was paying tributes to Mughal. In 1772, Mukund Singh was not accepted suzerainty of East India company due to high amount of taxes. He made alliance with Maratha and defeated forces of Tej Singh Thakurai, Nagvanshis and Palamu with the help of Maratha forces. But later he surrendered before company forces as he didn't get help from Maratha and accepted suzerainty of the East India Company. Then Tej Singh Thakurai was made king of Ramgarh Raj by Company.

Maharaja Bahadur Kamakhya Narain Singh (b. 1916, ruled 1919–47, d.1970) was the last ruling chief of the Ramgarh Raj. In 1945, he ceded control to the Indian government. His son, Maharaja Bahadur Indra Jitendra Narain Singh (1938–2008) had been the head of the family from 1970 to 2008. Maharaja Bahadur Saurabh Narain Singh has been head of family from 2008.

Rulers
Following is the list of King of Ramgarh Raj.
 * Maharaja Baghdeo Singh 1368–1402
 * Maharaja Kirat Singh 1402–1459
 * Maharaja Ram Singh I 1459–1537
 * Maharaja Madho Singh 1537–1554
 * Maharaja Jagat Singh 1554–1604
 * Maharaja Himmat Singh 1604–1661
 * Maharaja Ram Singh II 1661–1677
 * Maharaja Dalel Singh 1677–1724
 * Maharaja Bishan Singh 1724–1763
 * Maharaja Mukund Singh 1763–1772
 * Maharaja Tej Singh 1772–1774
 * Maharaja Paras Nath Singh 1774–1784
 * Maharaja Mani Nath Singh 1784–1811
 * Maharaja Sidh Nath Singh 1811–1835
 * Maharaja Lakshmi Nath Singh 1835–1841
 * Maharaja Shambhu Nath Singh 1841–1862
 * Maharaja Ram Nath Singh 1862-1866
 * Maharaja Trilok Nath Singh 1866
 * Maharaja Nam Narain Singh 1866–1899
 * Maharaja a Ram Narain Singh 1899–1913
 * Maharaja Lakshmi Narain Singh 1913–1919
 * Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh Bahadur 1919–1953 (+1970)

Erstwhile Ruling Family Genealogy

 * Maharaja a Lakshmi Narain Singh, married Rajmata Shashank Manjari Devi, 1914, a daughter of Raja Narpat Singh of Porahat
 * Maharaja Kamakhya Narain Singh, married Maharani Lalita Rajya Lakshmi Devi, 26th February 1917, daughter of Supradipta Manyabara Lt.Gen. Maharajkumar Singha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal
 * Maharaja Indrajitendra Narain Singh, married Maharani Rewa Singh, daughter of Raja Dinesh Singh of Kalakankar
 * Maharaja Saurabh Narain Singh Bahadur married, Maharani Ujvala Prabha
 * Rajkumar Vaibhav Narain Singh
 * Lt.Col.Dr. Maharajkumar Basant Narain Singh Bahadur, married Kunwarani Vijaya Raje Sahiba
 * Maharajkumar Mayurdhwaja Narain Singh, married Kunwarani Nivedita Shashi Prabha Singh
 * Rajkumar Udaybhan Narain Singh, married Kunwarani Divya Devi Singh
 * Rajkumar Rudra Narain Singh
 * Rajkumar Adhiraj Narain Singh, married Kunwarani Devyani Singh

title: Ramgarh Raj


text: Wikipedia:POTD/July 26, 2005

title: Wikipedia:POTD/July 26, 2005


text:
User talk:Chatoyant~enwiki

Re:History of Illinois
Hi, I recently created history of Illinois by, yes, just copying and pasting from the Illinois article. However, this is because I plan to add to it as I do many other Illinois article (ie. I just created Goverment of Illinois). The reason that I created it before I had actually made the planned addition is so others can see it and add to it also, as it seems to be a big job. Please do not add it to deletion, as it is a work in progress. Thanks, --Gpyoung talk 20:28, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Chatoyant. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Chatoyant~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:00, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:32, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chatoyant~enwiki


text:
Ling Cao

Ling Cao (died 203) was a Chinese military general serving under the warlords Sun Ce and Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the father of Ling Tong. He was killed by Gan Ning after his ambush at Xiakou.

Service under Sun Ce
Ling Cao was known for his bravery and devotion to gallantry in his youth. When Sun Ce first raised his banner in 194, Ling Cao joined him and participated in the latter's conquests in the Jiangdong region. He fought for Sun Ce in various battles and always charged ahead of others on the field.

Within a few years, Sun Ce had completed the conquest of all of Yang Province; however, the restless Shanyue tribes in southeastern China continued to pose a threat to Sun Ce's administration. Sun Ce appointed Ling Cao as the Chief (長) of Yongping County (永平縣; in present-day Liyang, Jiangsu) to counter the Shanyue. During his tenure, Ling Cao pacified the Shanyue and maintained low crime rates in the region. He was promoted to Colonel Who Defeats Bandits (破賊校尉) for his achievements.

Service under Sun Quan
After Sun Ce was assassinated in the year 200, Ling Cao continued serving under Sun Quan, Sun Ce's younger brother and successor. In 203, Sun Quan launched a campaign against Huang Zu, the Administrator (太守) of Jiangxia Commandery (江夏郡; around present-day Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei), to avenge his father Sun Jian, whose death at the Battle of Xiangyang in 191 was caused by Huang. Ling Cao served as the vanguard of Sun Quan's fleet. Upon his arrival at Xiakou (夏口; present-day Hankou, Hubei), Ling Cao ordered a charge aimed at the enemy commanding unit. Ling Cao's uninterrupted dash broke the defence line immediately and threw Huang Zu's navy into confusion with his sudden attack. Ling Cao then advanced further on a light vessel, but was killed by a stray arrow in the midst of battle. The historical record Wu Shu (吳書; Book of Wu) by Wei Zhao claimed that Gan Ning fired the arrow.

Ling Cao's son, Ling Tong, became a prominent general under Sun Quan. Due to his father's death, Ling Tong bore a grudge against Gan Ning, who surrendered and came to serve Sun Quan.

title: Ling Cao


text:
Remington Model 51

The Remington Model 51 is a small pocket pistol designed by John Pedersen and manufactured by Remington Arms in the early 20th century for the American civilian market. Remington manufactured approximately 65,000 Model 51 pistols in .32 ACP and .380 ACP calibers from 1918 to 1926, though small numbers were assembled into the mid-1930s.

Designer John Pedersen
John Pedersen designed or was instrumental in the design of many firearms for the Remington Arms Company. He had worked in concert with John Browning to design the Remington Model 17 shotgun which served as the basis for the Remington Model 31, Ithaca 37, Browning BPS, and Mossberg 500. He designed the Pedersen device that converted the M1903 Springfield into an autoloading pistol-caliber longarm. Pedersen later worked for the US Army and provided competition to John Garand building an autoloading rifle to fire a full-power rifle cartridge. His design used innovative wax lubricated cases and a toggle-bolt system much like that of the Luger pistol but eventually lost out to the M1 Garand.

Development and production
The Model 51 was made in .380 ACP and later in .32 ACP caliber, it was marketed as a pocket pistol. While the European market embraced small-caliber pocket pistols, the American market favored revolvers at the time. The complex trigger and safety mechanisms made the handgun more expensive than the Browning-designed competition, and the Model 51 was not much smaller. Furthermore, Remington was a company known for their long arms; their handguns had previously been limited to revolvers less common to Colt in terms of sales. The Remington Model 51 also had only limited commercial success as it was priced around US$15.75 (in 1920, California minimum wage US$0.33 per hour ).

There is an urban legend that the stock market crash of 1929 killed production of the Remington Model 51, since people could no longer afford to buy handguns, especially one costing significantly more than other guns in its market, however this is untrue. The Model 51 was produced from 1918 to 1926. Production ended on December 12, 1926 (though large numbers of guns, already produced, were sold in 1927, and small numbers, put together from parts already on hand in the factory, continued to be assembled and sold until 1934). By Black Friday (October 25, 1929), the Remington Model 51 had been out of production for almost three years.

An advantage of Pedersen's design is that it allows for a lighter slide than a straight blowback operated pistol, and hence an overall lighter short arm, with the hesitation lock contributing to less felt recoil for this intuitive pointing pistol. General George S. Patton owned a Remington 51 and was thought to favor the pistol. Despite critical praise, no government or private agency is known to have adopted the Model 51 for use. An anchor proof marking on some pistols has led to the mistaken belief that they were US Navy pistols bolstered by the fact that the Navy did indeed recommend a .45-caliber version for adoption. Some examples are seen today with inventory numbers, however their provenance is not well known and understood to have numbered one, two or six. Subsequently, the Navy ran extensive tests on the M53 and concluded it was “...a simple, rugged and entirely dependable weapon, which should be suitable in every respect for a service pistol.”

In the 1970s and 1980s, inventor Ross Rudd designed and prototyped a .45 ACP caliber pistol based on the Pedersen layout but with an inclined surface in place of the locking surface. This served to delay the opening of the breech rather than locking it. The pistol was planned for manufacture but was never produced. The Italian firm Benelli produced limited numbers of B76, B80, and B82 pistols similar to the Rudd pistol; however, they utilized an inertial locking system

The Remington R51 is a redesigned Model 51 initially released in February 2014 before supply and recall issues by Remington, believed to be built by Para Ordnance, a company recently acquired by the Freedom Group.

.45cal. Model 53
Despite its shortcomings, the design was recommended for adoption by the Navy Board during the First World War as the scaled-up .45 caliber Remington Model 53. Testing of the prototype against production M1911 showed the Remington design to be more reliable. Remington demanded a large advance payment to tool up for the gun, but negotiations were cut short by America's entrance into World War I. Available factories were tooled to produce the M1911 so investment in ramping-up production for another pistol did not make sense. Production of the 1911 kept pace with wartime demands and Remington itself was eventually contracted to produce the Colt weapon.

Because of a lower bore axis, lighter slide, and locked breech, the Remington 53 boasted much less felt recoil than the M1911. This fact was attested to by noted firearms expert Julian Hatcher. The Remington pistol was also more accurate, lighter, and had fewer moving parts than the 1911. Despite its advantages over the M1911, there was too little civilian market to support a large-bore pistol at that time, a military contract was now unlikely, and the M1911 already had a firm foothold. Remington abandoned the larger pistol and focused on the Model 51.

9mm Model R51
In 2014, Remington announced a redesigned Model 51 in 9mm Luger caliber called the R51.

title: Remington Model 51


text:
Myfanwy Ashmore

Myfanwy Ashmore is a Canadian artist known for her game-related art. She works across digital and new media formats.

Education
Ashmore studied at the Emily Carr College of Art and Design in 1990, moving to the Ontario College of Art & Design's Sculpture/Installation where she graduated in 1996. She received her MFA from York University in 1998.

Career
Ashmore is primarily known for her software-related art. She has exhibited alongside Yoko Ono, Sol LeWitt, Liam Gillick, Robert Gober, George Brecht, lo-bat, COVOX, Mark Hosler of negativland, Norman White and others.

Her 2000 soma/somo project, a series of networked decaying grapefruits, was publicly criticized in the Canadian Parliament by Inky Mark, heritage critic of the Reform Party. Mark argued that the public money spent by the Canada Council for the Arts on this and other artistic projects was misspent.

Her 2000 software art work entitled Mario Battle no.1 has been one of her most recognized and widely exhibited works. This program and two subsequent works Mario Doing Time and Mario is Drowning (both 2004), are based on Super Mario Bros.. The series plays on typical "rescue the princess" themes, Mario Battle no.1 was distributed by Year01.com and runme.org, initially by ROM and emulator on floppies across North America, and later online. It has been compared with Cory Arcangel's Super Mario Clouds as an example of games as art object, and "reduction and abstraction of the source material". The series, appeared in a 2006 exhibition at InterAccess Electronic Media Arts Centre, as well as in public screenings of a one-minute video of Mario Battle no.1 in Dundas Square as part of Year Zero One's TRANSMEDIA :29:59 festival. It was later exhibited in 2012 at the Platform Centre for Photographic and Digital Arts in Winnipeg.

In 2004, Ashmore was part of the exhibition 0.001 Percent Volume, curated by Dave Dyment at Mercer Union in Toronto.

Her work was included in Episode 4 of Lorna Mills' Ways of Something (2014-2015).

Teaching
Ashmore has taught New Media in the Image Arts Program at Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) in Toronto.

Awards
Ashmore has received numerous grants as well as awards from various councils and artist-run centres. She was nominated and short listed for the prestigious 2003 K.M. Hunter award through the Ontario Arts Council.

title: Myfanwy Ashmore


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File:CrimDell.jpg

Crim Dell bridge, College of William and Mary in Virginia

This photograph was taken by Joy Schoenberger, in Fall of 2004 and uploaded by her.

title: File:CrimDell.jpg


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Attestation clause

In the statutory law of wills and trusts, an attestation clause is a clause that is typically appended to a will, often just below the place of the testator's signature.

United States
In the United States, attestation clauses were introduced into probate law with the promulgation of the first version of the Model Probate Code in the 1940s. Statutes that authorize self-proved wills typically provide that a will that contains this language will be admitted to probate without affidavits from the attesting witnesses.

An attestation clause modeled on the Model Probate Code's language might provide:

 * We, the undersigned testator and the undersigned witnesses, respectively, whose names are signed to the attached or foregoing instrument declare:

 * (1) that the testator executed the instrument as the testator's will;
 * (2) that, in the presence of both witnesses, the testator signed or acknowledged the signature already made or directed another to sign for the testator in the testator's presence;
 * (3) that the testator executed the will as a free and voluntary act for the purposes expressed in it;
 * (4) that each of the witnesses, in the presence of the testator and of each other, signed the will as a witness;
 * (5) that the testator was of sound mind when the will was executed; and
 * (6) that to the best knowledge of each of the witnesses the testator was, at the time the will was executed, at least eighteen (18) years of age or was a member of the armed forces or of the merchant marine of the United States or its allies.

The validity and form of an attestation clause is usually a matter of U.S. state law, and will vary from state to state. Many states allow attestation clauses to be added as codicils to wills that were originally drafted without them.

Other uses
Often synonymical with witness, an attestation "testifies to the accuracy or authenticity of something". Thomson Reuters define an attestation clause as where "a document has been executed in the presence of one or more witnesses (who attest the execution)".

title: Attestation clause