text:
Talk:Developmental disability

Definition
I would not disagree with any definition of the diagnosis Developmental Disabilities offered here. My objection would be in merging the terms Developmental Disabilities with Special Needs. These are related but oh so different. Special Needs is, dare I say it, a political code word and is used by school administrators to apply political pressure to fund educational initiatives.Carrieblue (talk) 04:01, 9 March 2009 (UTC)

 * no it's not a "a political code word and is used by school administrators to apply political pressure to fund educational initiatives" as Carrieblue says it is a way for a school to explain in as few words as possible why certain accommodations are provided to certain students, that need them so that the rest of the class does not have as much of a advantage over them, so that hopefully said students don't have to suffer through accusations by there peers and perhaps the peers parents that they are being favored by the school. Even with the special needs label accusations of favoritism are a fact of life for students that are 'special needs'. I think Special Needs is an accurate label for Students with Disabilities. Tydoni (talk) 04:51, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The article should define the parameters of developmental disability. Which conditions fall into its scope? Jim Michael (talk) 01:46, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Why isn't autism listed? It's actually the most common developmental disability. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.164.122.46 (talk) 22:11, 28 October 2013 (UTC)

I
I was just wondering where the term 'mental retardation' and 'developmental disability' is a used and correct term, because it isn't in the UK. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.138.211.17 (talk) 22:16, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Agreed! I work in the field of disability rights in the UK: currently, "learning disability and "learning difficulty" are the accepted idioms. "Mental handicap" and anything involving the word "retard" are viewed as deeply, deeply offensive. "Developmental disability" sounds like a diagnostic definition and fits in with the medical model of disability rather than the social model. As wikipedia is intended for the lay reader rather than the medical professional, I feel that the whole page shoud be re-titled (with a redirect). If this were just a UK encyclopedia, I'd go for "learning disability", with "learning difficulty" and all the other (PC and non-PC) phrases as redirects: however, I'm aware that on the other side of the Atlantic, and elsewhere in the English-speaking world, other phrases are probably current. I don't profess to know what these phrases are, let alone which ones are deemed acceptable or unacceptable: does anyone from the US want to give us an idea of which phrases you use? Dom Kaos (talk) 21:27, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'll take it upon myself to work on in a little while. It defintly needs retooling.

—AmpulexCompresa

 * This article frankly sucks. What are we going to do about it? —Keenan Pepper 01:42, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It looks suspiciously like a diagnostic definition. This and mental retardation need to be re-jigged - the way I understand/see it, 'mental retardation' characterises the medical model of disability (IQ-defined) and 'developmental disability' the social model (multiple impediments to social and intellectual development, not just IQ). This usage of 'developmental disability' is synonymous with the use of the term 'learning disability' in the UK. The article could be expanded significantly to reflect this and discuss developmental disabilities and their impact on people's lives, service provision, education and support, community attitudes etc and alter the mental retardation article to more accurately describe the current situation. I'm in the middle of working on another article at the moment, but it's on my to-do list. Natgoo 22:31, 6 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've just noticed that mental retardation talk page is rather extensive - I'll need to take a look at the discussion there. Natgoo 22:42, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

I have started working on a new version of this article at [Developmental disability/temp link removed]. Please contribute! Natgoo 17:18, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

I've started loading the changes into the article page - but it is still under construction. Natgoo 14:51, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Okay - the bulk of the content is now finished, but I'm yet to properly wikify every section and still need to add some references and external links. Please make additions/changes as necessary, thanks! Natgoo 20:50, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

I've tried to rebalance the article - far too much focus on the person as the problem, rather than realising that the problem is rooted in the attitudes and values of the people around the person. There is still a lot of work to be done changing some of the negatively labelling terms to more realistic ones: 'Attention seeking' sounds terrible, so I changed it to 'Seeking social interaction' which means virtually the same thing, without being insulting to the person - what they are seeking is actually a basic human right - interaction with other people. I'd like to see alternative terms used for words like 'stealing' I'm not sure this is an accurate description of what the person's intention actually is, and when a behaviour is interpreted in this way, it can have severe negative consequences for the person.Max Neill (talk) 13:37, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Causes: Diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder... really? It's the diagnosis that causes the DD?69.183.35.241 (talk) 00:46, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

Cognitive impairment
Moved from article space Note: Cognitive impairment may also apply to elderly as a condition preceding Alzheimer's Disease. Such cognitive impairment would not be classified as a developmental disability. Some reorganization of this section, perhaps removing the redirect to this page, is required. Cognitive impairment is not synonymous with developmental disability. Here is a blurb from a recent research abstract... which could use a page on simple cognitive impairment as opposed to developmental impairment. Cognitive impairment also occurs at the latter stages of life, when development is already complete!!!

Thirteen elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were enrolled in Dr. Su's study. Patients with MCI are at high risk for developing AD. These 13 patients and 13 elderly control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and performed recall tasks. On MRI images, ADC values were measured in gray- and white-matter regions by using the computer-aided analysis program. Findings were compared between patients and healthy controls.

 * Sure. Go ahead, be bold! Natgoo 11:47, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

 * In the DSM, the term Developmental Cognitive Disability (DCD for short) refers to intellectual/cognitive disabilities as a subset of developmental disabilities, distinct from those that occur later in life. That term could be used in the article to help clarify, however I'm not familiar with what terms are used outside of the U.S. Of course only some developmentally disabled people specifically have DCD (by whatever name), just like only some of them have Cerebral Palsy or Autism. 2601:441:4400:1740:7CBB:F534:DB2F:42BC (talk) 20:25, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

Picture
Hi, I was recently harassed for "vandalizing" this page.

I added a picture of my friend, who suffers from a mental handicap and I have proof via test results done by multiple doctors, to this article. He is a generous and humble, sometimes shy, young man who wanted to add his image to the article. He is very positive about his disability and believed with every ounce of his heart that by adding info into the article, he would be helping those looking for information. Not being as computer literate as the rest of us, he asked me, his close friend, to help him do this.

I in no way defaced or vandalized the page and was harshly criticized by a user for doing so.

I would like to reinstate the picture, and I will prove all of the above if need be, and keep it there.

 * (Added title for clarity) Sorry you feel that the criticism you received was harsh, but pictures are a tricky thing - I didn't remove it, but I'd be very uncomfortable with a picture of a person in this article. Mainly because most people with such disabilities don't have distinctive physical attributes to warrant a photo, and those who do (people with Down syndrome, for eg) are so often trotted out as the poster children for disability organisations because people pity them. I don't think we need to follow that trend here, nor do I think the article needs a photo, but I'm glad your friend wants to be involved in Wikipedia. Can you help him learn the basics of editing instead? Natgoo 13:49, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Definitions
PLEASE, PLEASE, YOU HAVE TO FIX YOUR DEFINITIONS!!!

Developmental Disability (DD) is NOT the same as Intellectual Disability (ID). Person with DD may have ID but not always. Furthermore, person with ID always has a developmental disability just by definitions.

Please see these definitions:

Developmental Disabilities (DD)

Severe, chronic disability that: is attributed to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments; is manifested before the person attains the age of 21; is likely to continue indefinitely; results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following major life activity areas: self care, receptive and expressive language, learning, mobility, self-direction, capacity for independent living, and economic self sufficiency; and reflects the person’s need for a combination and sequence of special and interdisciplinary or generic care, treatment, or other services which are of lifelong or extended duration and individually planned and coordinated.

Reference:(PL 95-602 Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services, and Developmental Disabilities Amendment of 1978, Section 119, 29 USC 794)

Mental Retardation (MR) (old language, presently Intellectual Disabilities)

A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. ��This disability originates before age 18.

Five Assumptions Essential to the Application of the Definition Limitations in present functioning must be considered within the context of community environments typical of the individual's age peers and culture. Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors. Within an individual, limitations often coexist with strengths. An important purpose of describing limitations is to develop a profile of needed supports. With appropriate personalized supports over a sustained period, the life functioning of the person with mental retardation generally will improve.

References: American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR 1992) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM IV 1994) International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10 1994 ) American Psychological Association (APA 1996)

Intellectual Disabilities

"Whilst no one definition of intellectual disabilities has gained universal acceptance, it is generally accepted that the term intellectual disabilities encompasses any set of conditions, resulting from genetic, neurological, nutritional, social, traumatic or other factors occurring prior to birth, at birth, or during childhood up to the age of brain maturity, that affect intellectual development."

Reference: Summative Report to the World Health Organization by the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities 2000

For further reading: Mental Retardation Is No More—New Name Is Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities http://www.aaidd.org/About_AAIDD/MR_name_change.htm

--Jsisirak 18:48, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

 * It's too fine a distinction to warrant further explanation in an encyclopaedia article, IMO. The only group of people that may be described as having an intellectual disability and not a developmental disability, according to my understanding of this definition, are people with brain injuries acquired after adolescence - who, in my experience, are usually still eligible for DD services if there aren't any ABI-specific services. Also, in the countries/ international bodies that solely use the term 'intellectual disability', there is no such distinction - in fact it's not one I've ever heard before. Yay for the US for coming into line with the rest of the world! Finally! Natgoo 13:26, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

I do not agree with you. Some people who are born with developmental disabilities and DO NOT have an intellectual disability such as people with Cerebral Palsy, vision, speech, hearing disabilities, etc. There is a DISTINCTION! If you have not heard of it, it doesn't mean that you have to be right.

I totally agree with the above. I work with many people with developmental disabilities such as Cerebral Palsy that have no intellectual disabilities. I wonder, does Asperger syndrome qualify as a ID? Revolverlbc1 (talk)

 * I think it's an important distinction and deserves inclusion in this article. ID is a synonym for MR.  It is a specific subset of developmental disabilities, but it's also a non-developmental disability.  You can acquire ID through brain injury, not just through developmental problems.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:04, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Aspergers is not an intellectual disability, though it could be considered a mental disability. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.222.149.85 (talk) 02:25, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

I find this article confusing it says that Developmental disability is synonymous with Intellectual disability which implies it is a disease which affects cognitive functions however CP is listed which in my(limited) understanding does not affect cognitive functions. The article also says that a Developmental disability is a physical impairment that manifests before the child is 18. does that mean that if the child is hit by a car and loses the ability to use their legs they are developmentally disabled? this article needs major clarification Tydoni (talk) 05:35, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Where did the definition of Developmental Disability quoted at the top of this section come from? I was familiar with it, until it got to the part saying one must have limitations in three or more of the following life activity areas, and lists areas. I believe that having ONE limitation in ANY major life activity qualifies, e.g., developing asthma, which interferes with breathing. It's a legal definition, so there should be a legal citation that could clarify this.

This answers the question of Tydoni above—Yes, injury before the age of 21 (not 18), including that which is not cognitive, DOES count. 2604:2000:F209:2700:A57E:61AE:8999:4F0B (talk) 14:27, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

IQ-based classification
Hi there. I removed the following from the article:

The mentaly disabled people have unusually low IQ score ranges (from DSM-IV):
 * mild mental disability: IQ 50–55 to 70; children require mild support; formally called "Educable Mentally Retarded".
 * moderate disability: IQ 35–40 to 50–55; children require moderate supervision and assistance; formally called "Trainable Mentally Retarded".
 * severe mental disability: IQ 20–25 to 35–40; can be taught basic life skills and simple tasks with supervision.
 * profound mental disability: IQ below 20–25; usually caused by a neurological condition; require constant care.

because there isn't any IQ-based classification for developmental disabilities. There is, however, for mental retardation, but that info is already in that article. I've also removed the references to IQ in the causes section, for the same reason and because some of it was duplicate (prevalence in males). Natgoo 13:38, 5 July 2007 (UTC)(edited)
 * It there is not, then there is not... In this case this information can be dropped from everywhere. If you have some reference for that, it would be good to fix the article about IQ as well. Audriusa 17:39, 5 July 2007 (UTC).
 * It's a terminology issue more than anything, I think. People use 'mental disability' as a euphemism for mental retardation because the latter is only really accepted in certain contexts, but often use the same criteria. I think it's a matter of changing the links referring to 'mental disability' to 'mental retardation' where the latter is meant, such as in the IQ article (I think). I'll take a look now and change the links if appropriate. Cheers Natgoo 19:43, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * And, I see you've sorted it. Thanks Natgoo 19:53, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

“Disabled people and religious inclusion”
In the US, many churches are beginning to offer family support and religious inclusion for disabled persons, especially developmentally delayed children. Typically churches offer these services to families of disabled persons and disabled members: education in an accommodated setting, family support groups, advocacy training, local school system information and social programs.

However some local churches have actively excluded disabled people from attending due to perceived “danger” to other worshippers.

Some churches are offering programs on the following topics to parents of developmentally delayed children: •	Education in an accommodated setting •	Family support groups •	Advocacy training •	Local school system information •	Social programs.

External Links http://www.woolridgeroad.org/SpecialNeedsMinistry/WideOpenDoorsConference/tabid/117/Default.aspx

http://www.dailypress.com/news/local/virginia/dp-va--disabledfaithful0419apr19,0,5136302,full.story

http://www.startribune.com/local/19033344.html?location_refer=Homepage Bsarma200 (talk) 17:18, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Given that special needs has grown to be pejorative in parts of the world and that many organisations promote the use of development disability, I propose that the Special needs article be merged into Developmental disability and then redirected. -- Horus Kol Talk 13:23, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

This is understandable, but I came to "developmental disability" because several federal acts intended to serve disabled use the term "developmental disability". Special needs is a term used mainly by education professionals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.198.121.168 (talk) 02:00, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps a merger with "mental retardation"? I'm really not sure why an article exists with such archaic language. 83.76.212.39 (talk) 21:10, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

A developmental disability is not the same as mental retardation. Many people that are considered as having a develpomental disabilities are completely capable of learning as long as they are accomodated. 70.90.98.54 (talk) 14:00, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Developmental delay?
I am working on the toxicology section of PFOA right now and I found that developmental delay links here but is totally not what I am looking for. It seems a separate page would be appropriate for that link. Thanks -Shootbamboo (talk) 20:48, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

I second this. I was looking for information on developmental delay(s), was forwarded to "developmental disability", and began reading only to quickly confirm that "It is not synonymous to 'developmental delay'..." That being the case, I don't even understand why "developmental delay" redirects to this page. Frustrating. --Anon
 * I agree, and I will change the redirect into Specific developmental disorders. It is not the best redirect but at least these ones are true delays. (See text in section on DSM)  Lova Falk     talk   07:51, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Advocacy section
The final sentence ("Several groups advocate ... and Special Olympics") has recently been added by 74.240.70.54 and makes me uneasy. This user has only made three edits to Wikipedia, all of them related to Civitan International, and clearly wants to promote this organisation: but I fail to see the rationale for including Civitan or the other two mentioned organisations (both US-based) in this article given that it has international relevence. There are probably thousands of organisations around the world which could be considered equally worthy of mention: naming three of them is only going to tempt people to add their own group to the list, until it becomes a random and unwieldy directory. I'm proposing this final sentence be removed Dom Kaos (talk) 22:26, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

No objections, so I've done so Dom Kaos (talk) 15:24, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

External links (removed from article)

 * The Arc - Resource for People with Developmental Disabilities
 * International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disability
 * CDC's "Learn the Signs. Act Early.” campaign - Information for parents on early childhood development and developmental disabilities
 * Inclusion Europe, the European Association of People with Intellectual Disabilities and their Families
 * ACT Advocating Change Together, US self-advocacy organization for people with developmental disabilities
 * UK govt information
 * Mental Disability Rights International website
 * Mental Disability Advocacy Center
 * Open Society Mental Health Initiative
 * National Association for the Dually Diagnosed website
 * LiveWorkPlay, Canadian charitable organization, self-advocacy for people with intellectual disabilities
 * Think College (US site for people with intellectual disabilities looking for post-secondary education opportunities)
 * Institute for Family Advocacy and Leadership Development
 * Developmental Disabilities Nurses Association Resource site. A professional association for nurses who provide care and services to persons with developmental and intellectual disabilities.
 * Disability Help Site is a disability resource site which will help you locate benefits. Site also features a forum to answer questions.
 * Learning Disability Coalition is a group of ten organisations campaigning for better funding of social care for people with learning disabilities in England

Please stop using the out-of-date and offensive term mental retardation
In the UK at least, the phrase is, and has been for many, many years, Mental Disability. This is not, as has been stated incorrectly elsewhere in this page, a euphemism for Mental Retardation; it is the over-arching clinical term for the wide-spectrum disorder of mental impairment, within which are the many other conditions mentioned in this article. The term Mental Retardation is badly out of date; it harks from the early years of the 20th century, not least because it is a synonym for backward, and no health care professional would dare use it in any clinical capacity in the UK due to its offensiveness. The word retarded (even when coupled with development) is considered so offensive in the disabled community as to cause outrage, and any professional wielding it would be liable to disciplinary action.

Perhaps the clinical terms are different in the US, but if that is the case it's very sad. With over 20 years' experience in the field of physical and mental disability in the UK I am shocked to see phrases like this still freely used in a modern encyclopaedia. Blitterbug (talk) 16:00, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, in the US people still use the term "mental retardation." In some areas intellectual disability is used, and in others developmental disability is used (incorrectly) as a euphemism. However, in Ohio where I live a lot of the organizations that provide services have "MR/DD" as part of their name. And I'm pretty sure it is still the technical name of diagnosis. Retarded does not mean backwards, in means slow, and is therefore appropriate for people who have delayed development. I thought people in the UK said "learning disability," but I do think that mental disability would be a good phrase to use because it easy to understand, doesn't have different meanings in other places, and can't be construed as offensive.Gorramdoll (talk) 01:13, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

 * "Mental retardation" is the official term used by the Wold Health Organization for disorders in the range F70-F79 as can be seen in their latest document http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/?gf70.htm+f70. As such it is clearly not "out-of-date" and as the term is OK with the WHO, I see no reason to replace the term with a PC euphemism. 87.115.118.148 (talk) 05:15, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Seriously, 20 years from now, these same types of people will be crying about the term "Mental Disability". Terms that describe this condition will always be subject to perjoration.  Hell...MR is better than moron, imbecile, or idiot.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.209.130.1 (talk) 21:35, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Euphemism treadmill. Incidentally, someone removed the term again. Will add it, but keep on 'em. — Llywelyn II   02:29, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

 * The R-word is becoming recognized in the U.S. professional organizations as pejorative. We do not use it in the disability services org I work for, and the DSM does not use it. I have heard and read multiple complaints from the people labeled "retarded" that for them this term is dehumanizing, degrading, and traumatizing. Please see these example sources/citations about this problem:
 * I Am the Person You Hurt When You Say the R-Word
 * The Effects of the R-Word
 * Words Can Hurt
 * Family Campaigns to Eliminate the Word 'Retarded'
 * It is not appropriate for Wikipedia to promote slurs against disabled people, any more than it should promote racial slurs or transphobic slurs. Wikipedia should not promote verbal abuse and exclusion of oppressed and excluded minorities. This is a basic requirement of not promoting bias or hate. The personal convenience of people who are not the targets of these words do not matter as much as the harm, trauma, and stigma they inflict on the people they target and label. This is almost as bad as from promoting the N-word.
 * It may be appropriate to maintain a page about the term "Mental Retardation" discussing the controversy and its status as a dehumanizing slur. I am not familiar with the rules about having articles devoted to dehumanizing slurs. But abusive slurs should not be promoted as the correct label to throw at oppressed minorities. Promoting slurs is a clear example of bias. 2601:441:4400:1740:7CBB:F534:DB2F:42BC (talk) 20:19, 30 January 2022 (UTC)

Cognitive impairment
How can "developmental disability" be synonymous with "learning disability" in the UK and "intellectual disability" in the US if cerebral palsy is a developmental disability? People with CP generally do not have mental disabilities, so I hope no one would call them learning disabled or intellectually disabled, as it would be incorrect.Gorramdoll (talk) 00:50, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Merger with Mental retardation
I oppose this merge. I really don't have time to provide detailed comments about every merger Kikodawgzzz suggests. But simply put: Developmental disability concerns both physical and mental impairments. Mental retardation is a subcategory of Developmental disability. And since we already have a fairly long (and with a great potential) article about mental retardation, we don't want to merge these articles. Dodoïste (talk) 17:19, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Oppose. There have been many attempts to replace the term "mental retardation" in Wikipedia with a more politically correct term. This merge attempt sounds like the latest one. Everytime this has been attempted, consensus was to keep the term. This time is no different. See Talk:Mental_retardation, Talk:Mental_retardation, Talk:Mental_retardation 87.115.118.148 (talk) 04:49, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Oppose Developmental disability is not a synonym for mental retardation (or any of its synonyms). There are many developmental disabilities that have no effect at all on intelligence. Turner syndrome and Spina bifida are two examples. Roger (talk) 17:19, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Oppose I'm cleaning up the MR article now, but I won't finish today. There is no valid reason to pretend DD is so small as MR, and it's insulting to every developmentally-but-not-intellectually disabled person. WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:55, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Oppose A lot of people have developmental disabilities, but are not in anyway mentally retarded. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.222.149.85 (talk) 02:21, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Regardless of the feelings of some of the posters here, we mention the common english terms in the lead section. Mental retardation is one such term. If it needs to be clarified, then that needs to happen in the lead section or a name section, not ignored. — Llywelyn II   02:31, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

Developmental disability
The very first 3 lines of the article is wrong. Developmental disability is NOT the same as developmental delay. The reference sited doesn't even make a mention of this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 182.54.162.129 (talk) 04:07, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

I think it depends? I'm Australian and I've only ever used the term developmental delay. I'm not saying you're wrong, but if that's the case then developmental delay shouldn't be redirected to this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.222.11.68 (talk) 09:41, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

"DD" Abbreviation
I edited out where the abbreviation DD had been defined and used for the only time in the article soon after. I am given to understand that the abbreviation is commonly used by mental health practitioners though, so I'd suggest working mentioning that in the introduction. I'm not an expert on the subject nor a very experienced Wikipedian, so I'm not doing it myself. Dmbaguley (talk) 23:09, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

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Wiki Education assignment: Uncommon Developmental Disabilities
— Assignment last updated by AadamsRC23 (talk) 23:49, 25 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Developmental disability


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Frank Kaufmann

Frank Kaufmann is the director of the Inter Religious Federation for World Peace (IRFWP) (originally a Unification Church ecumenical organization). He served as editor in chief of the IRFWP's academic journal Dialogue and Alliance from 1998 until 2009, during which time, in 2004 was named as one of the top ten religion journals (out of 650) by an independent panel commissioned by the American Theological Library Association (ATLA)

In 2007, Kaufmann was nominated for Hofstra University's first Guru Nanak Interfaith Prize.

In 2011, Kaufmann established Filial Projects as the umbrella corporation for his humanitarian and scholarly efforts.

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Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir (المنصور بن الناصر) (died 1104) was the sixth ruler of the Hammadids in Algeria (1088–1104).

Biography
Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir succeeded his father Nasir ibn Alnas in 1088. In 1090, he left the Kal'a (Beni Hammad Fort), the traditional capital of the Hammadids, to settle in Béjaïa (Bougie) with his troops and his court, which he considered less accessible to the Nomads. He left the region because of the destruction caused by the arrival of the Banu Hilal. His father had already prepared this transfer by transforming a fishing port into a city he calls An-Nasiriya but which was to assume the name of Bougie, the name of a tribe that inhabited this region. Al-Mansur built public buildings, palaces, a water distribution network and gardens in Bejaia. The Hammadid kingdom thus abandoned its nomadic origins and became sedentary. The Kal'a was not completely abandoned by al-Mansur and he even embellished it with a number of palaces. The Hammadids therefore had two capitals joined by a royal road at this time.

title: Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Okaysports

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 07:07, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Okaysports
The original VfD tag (from May 26) was fixed to point to Votes for deletion/OkayBlowhards, but it was never mentioned there, so I complete the nomination here. Nabla 14:38:19, 2005-07-13 (UTC)
 * Delete, by the reasons given on OkayBlowhards discussion. Nabla 14:38:19, 2005-07-13 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 17:51, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable fantasycruft website. JamesBurns 08:17, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Won Buddhism

Christianity?
I wasn't aware of the Christian influence. Can someone elaborate?

-- Its services are modeled after the Christian services and church organization, ie - inclusion of hymns, sermons, group activities, social bonding, etc.

This is incorrect and a misleading. The Christian influence is negligible. Previous scholars with little understanding made such comments but they have been debunked. The only influence is having services on Sunday, which is more a product of modernity and industrialization. The inclusion of hymns comes from several sources, one being other local new religious movements popular at the time. Some temples don't even sing. Buddhist have always had dharma talks and lectures by abbots and prominent monks, so it would be logical that they be included on the main weekly Sunday service due to people working during the week. I have no idea what this means by "social bonding," that isn't "Christian." "Group activities" are also not "Christian". I'm assuming this was an old text that was fortunately deleted.mindlessbuddha (talk) 00:30, 1 March 2019 (UTC)

Categorization?
Should this really be filed under "Buddhism"? -- Visviva 14:04, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes, it is a well known New Buddhist movement from the early 1900s. it is cited in many prominent academic Buddhist journals and included in the Encyclopedia of Buddhism and the Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, both edited by Robert Buswell, one of the foremost academic experts on Buddhism. mindlessbuddha (talk) 00:20, 1 March 2019 (UTC)

Neutral POV?
This article has a promotional tone for Won Buddhism. It doesn't seem neutral. 71.105.92.132 12 January 2014
 * I agree that many formulations do not seem neutral. Especially judging statements such as "Won Buddhism can be regarded as a new religion or as a form of Buddhism" should be changed to a neutral tone. --Kathedra87 (talk) 19:57, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, it reads like a publication or blog of this organization. It does not appear to comply with WP:NPOV.  JimRenge (talk) 10:40, 24 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Nothing has changed after many years, so I deleted uncited information and information that read like a promotional post by the organization. I completely removed the doctrine section, as it doesn't comply at all and appeared to proselytize and not explanatory. Cleaned it up the rest after a little research. cleaned up the additional reading list format - which by the way are terrible sources. There are much better out there, but I don't have time to add them. I changed the name to the official way the order list the founders name. etc etc. This still needs a lot of work mindlessbuddha (talk) 00:17, 1 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Won Buddhism


text: Talk:Tohamsan

title: Talk:Tohamsan


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Claudia Pérez

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect to McDonald's massacre. – Rich Farmbrough 02:37, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Claudia Pérez, David Flores Delgado, Omar Alonso Hernández, Matao Herrera, Carlos Reyes, Victor Rivera, McDonald's massacre/victims
Not notable. Should be redirected to McDonald's massacre along with
 * David Flores Delgado,
 * Omar Alonso Hernández,
 * Matao Herrera,
 * Carlos Reyes,
 * Victor Rivera, and possibly
 * McDonald's massacre/victims.

brenneman (t) (c) 14:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've gone to each of those pages and put up a VfD redirecting to this page. -- CABHAN   TALK   CONTRIBS  14:56, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete All But Last: Each of those individuals is non-notable, and there is a list of all of them at McDonald's massacre/victims.

 * Merge McDonald's massacre/victims into McDonald's massacre: There is a section called "Victims" that currently just links to the /victims page. Merge the list at /victims into the main article.  --  CABHAN   TALK   CONTRIBS  14:56, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge/redir everything back into McDonald's massacre--what CABHAN said. Niteowlneils 16:49, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all but McDonald's massacre/victims, merge McDonald's massacre/victims into McDonald's massacre per CABHAN. Dcarrano 17:55, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * merge with McDonald's massacre Spearhead 21:31, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge list with McDonald's massacre, delete individual articles. --Vizcarra 01:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Canhan--nixie 04:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all, non notable, wikipedia is not a memorial. JamesBurns 08:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, per Cabhan. The resulting redirects should help discourage recreation of standalone article. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 19:28, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Nauru, Tanzania

Untitled
Are there any evidences for the existence of that village? (maps, public registers, references outside wikipedia and mirrors) --195.145.17.162 14:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I saw it on a map (and coordinates were added meanwhile). Belgian man 20:11, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

What means "sideriver"? Andres 14:54, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It is a translation error made by myself. It means tributary, and is literally translated from Dutch zijrivier (zij = "side" and rivier = "river"). I'll correct it immediately. Belgian man 20:10, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nauru, Tanzania


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Talk:Diaspore

Aluminum hydroxide shouldn't redirect to Diaspore. Diaspore is a hydroxide of aluminum but aluminum hydroxide isn't diaspore. --D. Estenson II 14:40, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Ambiguous page title
Diaspore is an ambiguous page title; Special:WhatLinksHere/Diaspore will need to be checked at intervals for links intended for Diaspore (botany) and Diaspora, and those links fixed. See Disambiguation pages with links for tools that can make the work of disambiguating links easier. --Una Smith (talk) 15:54, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Zultanite shouldn't redirect here
We're dealing with the rock versus the trade name. Why isn't there any information on Zultanite on this page? 70.231.149.127 (talk) 20:51, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diaspore


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Hwangnyongsa

Hwangnyongsa, alternatively Hwangnyong Temple or Hwangryongsa, was a Buddhist temple in the city of Gyeongju, South Korea.

Completed in the 7th century, the enormous 9-story structure was built entirely with wood with interlocking design with no iron nails. It had a standing total height of 68 m (223 ft) or 80 m (262 ft), making it one of the tallest structures in East Asia at the time of its construction. Only the massive foundation stones of the temple remain in current times.

Hwangryongsa was the center of state-sponsored Buddhism during the Silla and Unified Silla eras which were cultural beacons of Buddhism during its time. Its name means "Emperor/Imperial Dragon Temple." Archaeological excavations and other scientific studies of the temple began in April 1976 (OCPRI 1984) and continue today.

A replica of the building called Hwangnyongwon now exists in Gyeongju, within the Bomun Tourism Complex. The building is used to host events, including conferences, banquets, and meetings. It also operates as a hotel, with 45 guest rooms available.

History
Hwangnyongsa was built during the Silla period, under the patronage of the Silla royal family, on a plain encircled by mountains near the royal palace compound of Banwolseong (Half-Moon Palace). Construction began in 553 under the reign of King Jinheung, and was not fully completed until 644. King Jinheung originally intended for the temple to be the site of a new palace but when a dragon was seen on the proposed site, a temple was commissioned instead. Hwangnyongsa was designed to be a place where monks prayed for the welfare of the nation by asking for the divine protection of the Buddha and a means to impress foreign dignitaries.

Following the defeat of Baekje in the 660s, the Baekje architect, Abiji, was commissioned to build a nine-story wooden pagoda at the site, and labored with two hundred artisans to complete the pagoda. This fact indicates that the Baekje had superior knowledge of wooden architecture. The nine stories supposedly represented the nine nations of East Asia and Silla's future conquest of those states. The pagoda stood until it was burned by Mongolian invasions in 1238. No wooden architecture from the Silla people survives today but the ruins of Hwangnyongsa suggest a Goguryeo influence.

The temple site in a valley within Gyeongju National Park near Toham Mountain and about 150 yd from Bunhwangsa Temple, was excavated in 1972, revealing the temple layout and covering 40,000 artifacts.

Legends
Buddhism was strongly resisted by the nobles of Silla while the king personally supported the new religion. The king's Grand Secretary, Ichadon, suggested that he forge the king's royal seal and create an order that the people adopt the new religion. When the forgery was discovered by the nobles, Ichadon suggested that he be made the scapegoat, and that through his death the power of Buddha be made manifest. The king agreed to the plan. The nobles were predictably outraged when they discovered Ichadon's forgery and the king ordered his execution. Legend has it that when Ichadon was executed, a series of miracles occurred which proved the power and reality of the Buddhist faith, and the nobles converted to the new state religion. Ichadon's sacrifice was the impetus for the building of Hwangnyongsa Temple.

Another legend concerns the giant golden Buddha statue that the temple possessed. It was cast in the reign of King Jinheung as the temple centerpiece. The legend states that the gold for the statue came from King Ashoka of India. Ashoka had apparently attempted to cast a golden triad but failed. He then put the gold in a boat along with scale models of Bodhisattvas. Each country that received the boat was equally unable to cast the statues, and not until the boat had arrived in Silla could a statue be cast.

Dimensions
Only the massive foundation stones of the temple remain in current times. The original complex took seventeen years to complete.

 * The main hall was 155 ft in length and 55 ft in width.
 * The longest outer wall of the temple was 288 meters in length and the area enclosed by the outer walls covered approximately 80,000 square meters.
 * The temple ruins also contain pedestal stones which were for monumental Buddhist statues. One statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha was five meters tall.
 * The temple was originally arranged in the "three Halls-one Pagoda" style which meant that the pagoda was in the center of the complex and flanked by three main halls on the left, right, and behind the central pagoda.
 * The famous nine-story pagoda, which was commissioned by Queen Seondeok after the main temple was finished, was the largest Korean pagoda ever built as well as being the tallest structure in East Asia and the tallest wooden structure in the world at the time of its completion. It was reported to be 263 ft tall and the body was made entirely of wood.  Only its foundation stones remain today but they attest to the mammoth proportions of the original structure.  The pagoda had a foundation area of 6084 sqft, was supported by eight pillars on each side, and had sixty foundation stones.

title: Hwangnyongsa


text: File:Concerto Deep Purple.jpg

title: File:Concerto Deep Purple.jpg


text:
Talk:Hwangnyongsa

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title: Talk:Hwangnyongsa


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Sixten Jernberg

Edy Sixten Jernberg, known as "Sixten", (6 February 1929 – 14 July 2012) was a Swedish cross-country skier and one of the most successful cross-country skiers of all time. Between 1952 and 1964 he took part in 363 ski races, finishing within the podium in 263 and winning 134 of them; during this period he won four world titles and nine Olympic medals. In 12 starts over three consecutive Winter Games he never finished worse than fifth place, and between 1955 and 1960, he won 86 out of 161 competitions.

Jernberg was a blacksmith and a lumberjack before beginning his career as a cross-country skier. He specialized in the longer distances, with four of his eight gold medals coming over 50 km, one over 30 km and three in the 4 × 10 km relay. He also won Vasaloppet twice, 1955 and 1960. He won the 15 km at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1954.

At one competition, Jernberg had a fever and coughed up blood, but still finished the 50 km event. Gunde Svan said: "It was almost like [Sixten] didn't like his own body and tried to punish it in different ways."

For his cross-country skiing successes, Jernberg was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1960 (shared with Helmut Recknagel, Sverre Stensheim and Tormod Knutsen). He was also awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1956 (shared with pentathlete Lars Hall).

Jernberg retired after the Olympic Winter Games of 1964. In 1965, the International Olympic Committee awarded Jernberg the Mohammed Taher Trophy for his contributions to Nordic skiing. He died of stroke at the age of 83. His nephew Ingemar became an Olympic pole vaulter.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

 * 9 medals – (4 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze)

World Championships

 * 6 medals – (4 gold, 2 bronze)

title: Sixten Jernberg


text: Talk:Great Yeongnam Road

title: Talk:Great Yeongnam Road


text:
Per Oskar Kjølaas

Per Oskar Alfred Kjølaas (born 25 May 1948 in Kirkenes, Norway) was the bishop of the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland in the Church of Norway from 2002 until 2014.

Kjølaas studied at the MF Norwegian School of Theology in Oslo, having graduated with a cand.theol. degree in 1974, but also holds a certificate in Sami Language and Culture from the University of Oslo (1984, Minor in Sami Language and Culture).

He worked as a minister in northern Norway (Sortland Municipality, Kautokeino Municipality, and Karasjok Municipality), serving both as a vicar, rector/priest, and provost. He has also worked as a secretary to the bishop (Diocesan vicar) and held various positions as an educator and translator of the Bible into Sami languages.

Kjølaas was consecrated as a bishop in 2002 and served in that capacity until his retirement in 2014.

title: Per Oskar Kjølaas


text:
Cuarteto

Cuarteto (quartet), sometimes called cuartetazo, is a musical genre born in Córdoba, Argentina.

The roots of the cuarteto ensemble are in Italian and Spanish dance ensembles. The name was coined because the early dance-hall numbers were invariably four-piece bands (violin-piano-accordion-bass).

Cuarteto is almost always upbeat; its rhythm range is similar to that of modern Dominican merengue.

In the 1970s, cuarteto became one of the cornerstones of Córdoba's cultural identity—together with Hortensia magazine. Both reflected a local brand of popular culture overlooked by the establishment, and proposed an alternative to the Buenos Aires-centered culture that television was spreading to the rest of the country.

Cuarteto was one of the genres that gave birth to the Buenos Aires tropical scene, which was renamed as bailanta in the 1990s following the usage of Corrientes province.

Famous Names
Cuarteto Leo was the leading cuarteto band for almost 30 years, back in the 1970s. It established the sonic texture that prevails in cuarteto to this day.

In the 1980s, Carlos Mona Jiménez became the foremost exponent of cuarteto after the break-up of his two-member Cuarteto de Oro ("Golden Quartet"). He established a pattern of nonsense humour and extravagant behavior that many tried to ape without much success. One of his most popular songs was Quién se ha tomado todo el vino ("Who drank all the wine?"), which was danced with a characteristic hand move.

Others, such as producer-bandleader Negro Videla, travelled to the Dominican Republic and Colombia to expand the range of their repertoire. Videla is the unofficial ambassador of Dominican music in cuarteto, with successful covers of merengue hits.

Since the late 1980s, the Tru-la-lá band has had great support from dancers. At one point they were endorsed by the Catholic church for avoiding racy themes in their lyrics. All in all, they have sold over a million records.

Rodrigo became the leading cuarteto singer in the mid-1990s, and made inroads into Buenos Aires middle-class audiences. He died in a car crash on June 24, 2000. Many people believe the crash was not an accident, as Rodrigo was (allegedly) a pawn in a feud between rival mobsters. His song La mano de Dios (The Hand of God), which celebrates Diego Maradona through his most famous goal, has become a classic dance song in Argentina, and was covered by Maradona himself in his successful 2005 talk show.

Gary was another Cuarteto singer with the Tru-la-lá band, who died of natural causes in 2001.

title: Cuarteto


text:
Vexillatio

A vexillatio (: vexillationes) was a detachment of a Roman legion formed as a temporary task force created by the Roman army of the Principate. It was named from the standard carried by legionary detachments, the vexillum (: vexilla), which bore the emblem and name of the parent legion.

Although commonly associated with legions, it is likely that vexillationes included auxiliaries. The term is found in the singular, referring to a single detachment, but is usually used in the plural to refer to an army made up of picked detachments. Vexillationes were assembled ad hoc to meet a crisis on Rome's extensive frontiers, to fight in a civil war, or to undertake an offensive against Rome's neighbours. They varied in size and composition, but usually consisted of about 1000 infantry and/or 500 cavalry.

Purpose
Most of the Roman Army (around 400,000 strong at the beginning of the 3rd century) was stationed along the frontiers from the time of Hadrian, if not earlier. This placed the empire in a precarious position when serious threats arose in the interior or along a remote frontier. There was no central reserve and it was rarely possible to take a full legion, or even a major portion of one, to a troubled area without leaving a dangerous gap in the frontier defences. The only logical solution was to take detachments from different legions and form temporary task forces to deal with the threat. As soon as it was taken care of, these vexillationes were dissolved, and the detachments returned to their parent legions.

The Roman emperors from the time of Augustus had at their disposal units in Italy and in the city of Rome. Over time these units would increase. Augustus created the praetorians who at the time of Domitianus constituted a force of ten cohorts, each of 1000 men strength on paper and who supplied a disputed number of horsemen. Traianus created the Imperial horseguards, the Equites Singulares Augusti, formed from his proconsular horseguard he had when he was the legate of Germania Inferior of about 1000 horsemen. Septimius made many changes in the Roman military. He doubled the number of the horseguards to 2000 horsemen. He filled the ranks of the Praetorians with provincial soldiers. He levied a new legion, Legio II Parthica, and for the first time in Roman history stationed it on the outskirts of Rome, making it more clear that the Roman emperor was a military dictator. Whenever the emperor went on campaign these guards units stationed in the city of Rome would accompany him. Added to these came the vexillationes of the border legions.

Impact
The vexillatio system worked initially, due to the mobility provided by the empire's excellent roads and to the high levels of discipline, cohesion and esprit de corps of these units and the legions from which they came. But during the Crisis of the Third Century (a turbulent period from 235 to about 290) vexillationes were shifted so rapidly from one area to another that units became hopelessly mixed up and became practically independent. Legions that would proclaim a commander as emperor could have a vexillatio in the real emperor's field army or garrisoned on the frontier. This was a major cause of disorganization in the Roman Army which resulted in sweeping military reforms under Diocletian and Constantine I where the basic army unit became the size of one (Quingenaria=500 Soldiers) or two (Milliaria=1000 Soldiers) cohorts instead of the 5000-man legion.

Units
From the time of Diocletian and the Tetrarchy, and possibly as early as the reign of Gallienus, vexillationes were the usual cavalry units found on campaign though the ala remained. In the 4th century the Vexillationes palatinae and Vexilationes comitatenses of the Roman field armies are thought to have been either 300 or 600 men strong. The Notitia Dignitatum lists 88 vexillationes.

Other units, such as infantry cohortes and centuriae, and cavalry alae and turmae, may have had their own vexilla. In addition, vexillationes with their own vexilla would have designated units of special troops outside the usual military structure, such as vexillarii (re-enlisted veterans), who may have served separately from the cohorts of their ordinary comrades.

title: Vexillatio


text:
Mike Matusow

Michael Matusow (born April 30, 1968) is an American professional poker player residing in Henderson, Nevada. Matusow's nickname of "the Mouth" reflects his reputation for trash-talking at the poker table.

Matusow began playing poker seriously in the early 1990s, first while working as a poker dealer, then as a professional player. His successes include being a four-time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and the winner of the 2005 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions.

Early years
Matusow was born in Los Angeles, California. He was first introduced to poker when he played video poker at the Maxim Casino at the age of 18. He was a regular and played so much that he suffered from repetitive strain injury in his shoulders and arms. He occasionally stole money from his mother's purse and at one point attended Gamblers Anonymous meetings. Matusow was taught Texas hold 'em in 1989 by a rounder named Steve Samaroff.

Poker career
At the 1998 World Series of Poker (WSOP), Matusow paid part of Scotty Nguyen's entrance fee into a satellite event for the $10,000 no limit Texas hold 'em Main Event. Nguyen went on to win, and gave $333,333 to Matusow in return for his partial stake. In 1999, Matusow won his first WSOP bracelet, winning the $3,500 No Limit Hold'em event defeating Alex Brenes heads-up to win the title.

In 2001, he finished 6th place in the WSOP $10,000 no limit Hold 'em main event. Matusow says that the decisive hand was when he was bluffed by eventual champion Juan Carlos Mortensen, but did not trust his instincts to call.

At the 2002 WSOP, Matusow won his second bracelet by winning the $5,000 Omaha Hi-Low Split 8 or Better event. He defeated fellow professional poker player Daniel Negreanu to win the tournament.

In the 2005 WSOP, Matusow finished 9th out of 5,619 players in the main event, winning $1,000,000. Several months later, he won the WSOP Tournament of Champions in a heads-up battle against Hoyt Corkins, earning another $1,000,000 in the process, making him the first player to win two million dollar prizes in the same year. He also placed third in the Tournament of Champions the following year, winning $250,000.

At the 2008 World Series of Poker, Matusow won a third bracelet in the $5000 No Limit 2–7 Draw with rebuys event defeating Jeff Lisandro heads up for the $537,862 first prize. Later in the same year he finished 30th out of 6,844 players in the Main Event, making yet another deep run in the Main Event.

Matusow won his fourth bracelet in 2013 in the $5,000 Seven Card Stud Hi-Lo Split 8 or Better tournament, defeating Matthew Ashton heads-up and earning $266,503.

Other poker ventures
In October 2004, Matusow made his first World Poker Tour (WPT) final table at the UltimateBet Aruba Classic, earning $250,000 for 3rd place. In 2006, he finished runner-up to Tony G in the WPT Bad Boys of Poker II in heads-up play. Matusow also appeared in Poker Superstars III, where he made it to the Elite Eight. In the winner-take-all championship match, Matusow beat seven other players to win $500,000. He also appeared in the second, third, fourth, and sixth season of High Stakes Poker. In September 2006, Mike made his debut on the European Poker Tour (EPT) in Barcelona; however, he was eliminated on the first day. In early 2007, Matusow appeared on two episodes of Poker After Dark where he finished 3rd and 2nd respectively. He plays online poker under the following aliases: "dill pickle" (UltimateBet); "mrpokejoke" (PokerStars); and "Mike Matusow" (Full Tilt Poker, where he was formerly a member of "Team Full Tilt").

In July 2007, Matusow won $671,320 after coming in second place at the World Poker Tour Bellagio Cup III Championship after online pro Kevin Saul defeated him during heads-up play. On November 11, 2008, at the World Poker Tour Foxwoods World Poker Finals, Matusow made another WPT final table, He was eliminated after his didn't improve against Jonathan Little's hand of, he finished in 6th place, earning $124,048.

In 2013, Matusow won the NBC National Heads-Up Championship, defeating Phil Hellmuth 2–1 in the final.

As of July 2023, his total live tournament winnings exceed $10,000,000. $3,580,911 of his winnings have come at the WSOP.

Personal life
Matusow resides in Henderson, Nevada. He is Jewish. He often wears a gold chain with the Hebrew symbol 'chai' around his neck. Additionally, Matusow hosted Card Player's poker radio show/podcast, the Circuit, before being replaced by Gavin Smith and Joe Sebok. He was also the host of Card Player's now defunct online video segment, "The Mouthpiece." In one episode, Mike discussed the controversial Ultimatebet.com superuser cheating scandal, as well as seeking legal action as a victim of the scandal against the main perpetrator, former World Series of Poker Champion Russ Hamilton.

Matusow has had several personal problems. He has battled drug issues, including a six-month stint in jail in 2004 and 2005 after being caught providing ecstasy and prescription painkillers to an undercover police officer who pretended to befriend Matusow and gained his trust. After several months of an official Las Vegas Metro Police "Sting Operation", Matusow was arrested and charged with six category A Felonies, all drug related. A plea deal was later reached where Matusow was incarcerated in the Clark County Detention Center for six months.

Matusow wrote an autobiography titled Check Raising the Devil that was released May 12, 2009.

title: Mike Matusow


text:
Chinese spinach

Chinese spinach can mean any of several plants grown as leaf vegetables in China (among other places):
 * Amaranthus dubius,, often bearing red or purple marks
 * Amaranthus tricolor
 * Capsella bursa-pastoris, "shepherd's purse",
 * Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach; 蕹菜; wèngcài) semi-aquatic with hollow stems and long, lance-shaped leaves. Known as kangkong in South-East Asia, sold as "Ong Choy" or "On Choy" in West Coast North American Chinese markets.
 * Malabar spinach, (落葵; luòkuí) with thick, succulent, heart-shaped leaves

title: Chinese spinach


text:
Porthtowan

Porthtowan (Porth Tewyn, meaning landing place at the sand dunes) is a small village in Cornwall, England, UK, which is a popular summer tourist destination. Porthtowan is on Cornwall's north Atlantic coast about 2 km west of St Agnes, 4 km north of Redruth, 10 km west of Truro and 15 km southwest of Newquay in the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, a World Heritage Site.

Porthtowan is popular with surfers and industrial archaeologists; former mine stacks and engine houses dot the landscape.

Geography
Porthtowan lies along the 627 ha Godrevy Head to St Agnes heritage coast, which is located on the north Cornwall coast of the Celtic Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between Godrevy Head (with the Godrevy Towans) and St Agnes Head, north of the village of St Agnes. The Godrevy to St Agnes Heritage Coast has been a nationally designated protected area since 1986. The marine site protects 40 species of mammals and amphibians.

Porthtowan is within walking distance of National Trust coastal and cliff-side walks. Between Porthtowan and Agnes Head is one of Cornwall's "largest remaining heathland[s]." Ironically, the heath survived – and was not turned into arable land – because of the soil contamination of previous mining activities. Few plants or species other than heathers and spiders can thrive in the area's environmental condition.

Toponymy
Its name comes from the Cornish words "porth" and "tewynn" to mean landing place at the sand dunes.

History
Porthtowan's history is associated with mining and one of its most prominent buildings is a former engine house converted for residential use. Allen's Corn Mill operated at Porthtowan between 1752 and 1816.

Porthtowan owes much of its present-day character to its popularity as a local seaside resort in Victorian and Edwardian times when the local populace from Redruth and the surrounding areas went there, particularly on Bank Holidays.

Mining
Coastal settlements in Cornwall between Perranporth and Porthtowan had copper, lead, iron, tin and zinc mines. Porthtowan mines mainly produced copper.

South Wheal Towan
The South Wheal Towan copper mine also operated in the area. Still visible is its Echo Corner mine stack. The mine had a slide lode that intersected with the main lode, Hamptons and Downright lode. In addition to copper pyrites, brown iron ore was also found in the mine.

Tywarnhayle Mine
The Tywarnhayle mine was opened in 1826 as United Hills Mine but the name was changed in 1848 to Tywarnhayle Mine. It was an important source of copper ore until about 1860. Its engine house, Taylors Shaft, is visible in the hills surrounding the coastal village.

The mine was located about 1 kilometre southeast of Porthtowan. It was the United Hills Mine on 3 February 1830 when an engine boiler exploded and killed nine people. In 1906, money was invested to drain and work the Tywarnhayle mine. Water was piped out by Cornwall's first electrical centrifugal pumps, made by Worthington Simpson, at the rate of 1,000 gallons per minute. The amount of copper ore mined between 1826 and 1906 was 86,800 tons.

Tywarnhayle Stannary
In Cornwall the mining industry had its own judicial system. Tywarnhayle was one of the four stannaries. There were three others: Blakemore, Foweymore and, lastly, Kerrier and Penwith. The Stannaries managed mining law, taxation, court proceedings and jails.

Wheal Coates
The mine is renowned for its pseudomorphs, in this case tin oxide, or cassiterite, that takes on the shape of the feldspar crystals that it replaces within granite.

Wheal Ellen
Wheal Ellen was a 19th-century copper mine. Remains of the mine are visible. It operated primarily from 1826 to 1862.

Wheal Lushington
Wheal Lushington, also known as the New Wheal Towan, was a copper mine located on a hill overlooking the beach. The engine house that was built in 1872 was never used as an engine house and has since been converted for other uses.

Wheal Towan
Wheal Towan was one of Cornwall's most prolific 18th century copper mines. In 1772, women and girls worked at the mines, earning 4 to 6 d per day. In 1809 Wheal Towan had a cobbing shed which was a building used to break the ore up with a pointed hammer weighing up to 4 pounds. Teenage girls (bal maidens) sat on low benches and broke the ore to remove the rock and break the ore into small pieces. It was a loud and difficult task, but not as difficult as bucking which came next; this required the ore to be broken down into a powder or granules with a flat-ended cast iron hammer. Some time before 1826 the mine resulted in £130,000 profit, having been mined to a depth of 150 fathoms. It was then closed until 1826. Two 80-inch cylinder steam engines called Wilson's engine from the engineer Samuel Grose (1791–1866) were used in 1826 to drain the mine. The monthly output between January 1827 and March 1828 from the engine ranged from 48.9 to 84.2 million 94 pound bushels.

It was also known as West Wheal Towan (1850–1867), Lelant Wheal Towan and West Wheal Lucy (1872). During the period he owned it, the mine provided Thomas Daniell (1715-1793) with an income estimated at the time as a "guinea a minute". His son Ralph Allen Daniell acquired the Trelissick estate, but in 1835 his son Thomas was declared bankrupt.

The first underground steam engine was built in Wheal Towan in 1785. It was reopened in 1872 as West Wheal Lucy and abandoned soon after.

The only remains on the surface are burrows created from the mine's operations. The burrows head in the direction of Towan Cross.

Religion
Porthtowan has a Wesleyan chapel.

Beaches
Porthtowan beach is a family and surfing Blue Flag beach. Designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), along the coast are Gullyn Rock, Diamond Rock and sandstone and slate cliffs. It has more recently become well known as a surf resort and the surf club building. This is where the judges can be found for the annual SAS Rip Curl Cornish and Open Longboard Championship. The beach is kept under the constant scrutiny of the St Agnes based charity Surfers Against Sewage, which was founded in 1990 to improve water quality in Chapel Porth, Porthtowan, and Trevaunance beaches.

Porthtowan also has a hidden tidal pool in the rocks and nestled up against the cliff. It is only accessible at low tide since the steps on the east cliff have fallen into disrepair.

Restaurants and pubs
The Unicorn pub is a beachside bar, eaterie, hotel and hostel, which offers live music, dj's and panoramic sunset views.

Overlooking the Porthtowan Beach is the Blue Bar, which has live music or disc jockeys on the weekend.

Porthtowan Beach Cafe is located on Beach Road, and serves breakfast and lunch, as well as evening feast nights. The cafe was opened in 2012 by Heather Anne Jones.

Moomaid of Zennor has an parlour serving ice cream made locally at Tremedda Farm near Zennor.

Amateur dramatics
An amateur theatre group, Porthtowan Players, formed in 1968, operates from a permanent stage facility within Porthtowan Village Hall. The group puts on a pantomime, musical theatre show, short plays and a youth production each year.

Transport
There is a bus service within Cornwall by a number of operators. The major operators in the Cornwall area are First South West and Hopleys Coaches. Service runs through the village of St Agnes and other towns. Rail service is offered out of Newquay railway station, Redruth railway station, Truro railway station and other western Cornwall municipalities, which is connected with bus service through the Ride Cornwall and Plusbus programs.

Ferry service is available to the Isles of Scilly from Penzance; Padstow to Rock; and other locations. Air travel is available through Newquay Cornwall Airport and private jets, charters and helicopters are served by Perranporth Airfield.

In culture

 * Porthtowan was the inspiration for several paintings by G.E. Treweek entitled: A Glimpse of the Sea, Porthtowan; A Sketch of Porthtowan; and Looking up the Valley, Porthtowan.

title: Porthtowan


text:
Michael E. Soulé

Michael Ellman Soulé (May 28, 1936 – June 17, 2020) was an American biologist, known for his work in promoting the idea of conservation biology.

Soulé was born in San Diego, California, the son of Berenice (Ellman) and Herman Herzoff. His father died when he was two, and he was adopted by his stepfather Alan Soulé. He earned a Ph.D. in 1964 at Stanford University in Biology under Paul R. Ehrlich, and later became Research Professor (Emeritus) in Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz. His Ph.D. thesis of 167 pages was entitled:  Evolution and population phenetics of the side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana and its relatives) on the islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico.

Soulé was a cofounder and first president of the Society for Conservation Biology, founded in 1985. He served on the board of Round River Conservation Studies and the Wildlands Network.

Soulé co-edited with Gary Lease a book of essays titled Reinventing nature?: responses to postmodern deconstruction (1995), which was a response to the arguments presented by environmental historian William Cronon and others in Uncommon ground: toward reinventing nature (1995). He has most recently spoken out against approaches to environmental conservation that discount the value of species diversity.

title: Michael E. Soulé


text:
Talk:Morshed Khan

---

Copyvio text
Anon user has been pasting information directly from the United Nations Page http://www.un.int/bangladesh/gen/fm-bio.htm  for the 4th consecutive day. Please refrain from using copyrighted text, or please provide permission for usage of the text. Thanks --Ragib 14:46, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morshed Khan


text:
User:BryanJones

= Bryan Jones - Your Lord and Master =

Who Am I?
I am a network consultant from Canberra, Australia. My interests include the Klingon language (among which circles I am known as Se'noj), online text-based roleplaying, and Rhee Taekwon-Do (I am currently a brown belt, black tip (1st kup)). I am contactable at tlhIngan-AT-gmail-DOT-com, however any spammers will be dealt with swiftly, harshly, and with extreme prejudice and groin-stabbing.

Personal Motto
"Float like a butterfly, kick like a mule"

title: User:BryanJones


text:
Talk:Ayyavazhi

Lots of disambigs
The following links need disambig:

absolute ayya celestial devas (2) kanyakumari (2) LMS (4) lotus maya mayon oneness Randomblue (talk) 13:12, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * DONE, Thanks for your suggestions. -  PAUL   RAJ  14:29, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Formatting Ext. Links
Won't it be good to remove www. from the external links? All know that those are external pages mixdev (talk) 06:54, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. - Vaikunda Raja (talk) 19:42, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

Citation
Citation 7 in the lead section is from the book Land of Charity: A Descriptive account of Travancore and its people. I quote the passage here:

"Truly we may say, in view of these enormities perpetrated in the sacred name of religion, 'The dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty'."

"We have not space for more than the bare mention of a curious phenomenon in the religious history of Travancore, which has appeared within the last forty years, - namely, the rise of a new sect of religionists, who have adopted an absurd medley of Hinduism and Demonolatry, with a slight tinge of the Christian element. This superstition was originated by one Muttukutti, a poor Palmyra climber, who laid claim to be an incarnation of Vishnu, and pretended to possess miraculous powers; by these means he attached himself to thousands of credulous followers. Since the death of their leader in 1848, he has been worshipped by followers as a manifestation of the Supreme God; and this singular people display considerable zeal in the defence and propagation of their destructive errors."

How does the above passage provide reference to the statement "It is conceived as an independent monistic religion by... academic research" in the article? Maybe the editors of the article are referring to the use of the phrase "the rise of a new sect of religionists.."?

On a different note, the above passage talks about "superstition", "pretended to possess miraculous powers", "attached himself to thousands of credulous followers", ".. display considerable zeal in the defence and propagation of their destructive errors". IMO, this source would be more appropriate when used to discuss questions on the credibility of Ayyavazhi. --Madhu (talk) 13:14, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Since so many questions raised so far on the creadibility of Ayyavazhi I personally feel that it will not benifit the article if this citation was removed. But since it promote negative view over Ayyavazhi it will be appropriate to leave a notein the reference section itself about this and have done. Thanks for your valuable comments. -  PAUL   RAJ  07:06, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Never heard of this religion even though I am from Tamil Nadu. Are you sure tehy have so many adherents? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.167.100.238 (talk) 05:05, 16 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Please take a look into the citations. - PAUL   RAJ  18:39, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

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Nomination of Portal:Ayyavazhi for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether Portal:Ayyavazhi is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The page will be discussed at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Ayyavazhi until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America1000 06:23, 16 May 2019 (UTC)

Merger
For the discussion, see Talk:Vaishnavism. —Srnec (talk) 13:30, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ayyavazhi


text: User talk:GAZ082

title: User talk:GAZ082


text:
Laila Riksaasen Dahl

Laila Riksaasen Dahl (born 7 March 1947, in Oslo) is a Norwegian theologian who served as bishop of the Diocese of Tunsberg in the Church of Norway from 2002 to 2014.

Dahl is a graduate from both the University of Oslo (1970, cand.mag. degree) and MF Norwegian School of Theology (1990, cand.theol. degree). Dahl worked as a teacher from 1970 to 1980, and as a Christian educator (cathecist) from 1980 to 1984. She held teaching positions at the MF Norwegian School of Theology, as assistant professor from 1984 and associate professor from 1990 to 1995 in the field of Christian education.

From 1995 to 2002, Dahl was a parish priest in Nittedal. She was consecrated as a bishop on 9 February 2003 — the second woman in the history of Norway. She retired in 2014. Her successor was Per Arne Dahl.

title: Laila Riksaasen Dahl


text:
Linda Martin

Linda Martin (born 27 March 1952) is a Northern Irish singer and television presenter. She is best known as the winner of the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest during which she represented Ireland with the song "Why Me?". She is also known within Ireland as a member of the band Chips.

Early life and family
Born in Belfast in 1952, Martin is of Irish, Scottish and Italian ancestry. Her father's family's surname was originally Martini. Her paternal great-grandfather Francis Martini was born in Dublin to immigrants from Saronno, north of Milan, Italy. Two of Martin's maternal great-grandparents, William Green and Elizabeth Nangle, had a coal-mining background; they had transferred to Belfast from Larkhall, Scotland.

Chips
Martin began her musical career when she joined the band Chips in Omagh in 1969. They quickly became one of the top bands in Ireland on the live circuit, and released hit singles "Love Matters", "Twice a Week" and "Goodbye Goodbye" during the mid-to-late 1970s. In 1972, Martin left Chips to be a vocalist with new group Lyttle People, but rejoined her former bandmates the following year.

The group appeared on Opportunity Knocks in 1974 and appeared a number of times on British television promoting their singles, but never scored a UK hit. With multiple entries to the Irish National finals of the Eurovision Song Contest, the band carried on into the 1980s. They scored a final Irish hit in 1982 with "David's Song (Who'll Come With Me)", after which Martin left when she won the Castlebar Song Contest with "Edge of the Universe" in 1983. From this point she concentrated on a solo career as well as occasional live appearances with Chips until they recruited a new lead singer (Valerie Roe) in the late 1980s.

Eurovision Song Contest
She participated in the National Song Contest four times as a member of Chips; however, they did not score successfully. She participated another four times in the contest as a soloist and once more as part of the group 'Linda Martin and Friends'. With nine participations, she has been the most frequent entrant in the National Song Contest's history. She won the contest twice, going on to represent Ireland twice at the Eurovision Song Contest.

The first of these victories was in 1984 with the song "Terminal 3", written by Johnny Logan (under his real name Séan Sherrard). The song came second in the final, being beaten by eight points. "Terminal 3" reached No. 7 in the Irish charts. The second victory was in 1992 when her song "Why Me" (also written by Logan) went on to win the final in Sweden. This became Ireland's fourth victory in the Eurovision Song Contest, and the song reached No. 1 in the Irish chart as well as becoming a hit in many European countries.

Martin was, at the time, one of only three artists to finish both first and second at Eurovision, behind Lys Assia and Gigliola Cinquetti. Since then, only Elisabeth Andreassen and Dima Bilan have achieved this, raising the number to five. Martin was the first of the three artists to finish second first and first second, matched only later by Bilan.

Television
Martin was one of the hosts on the RTÉ quiz show The Lyrics Board, and also served as one of Louis Walsh's behind-the-scenes team on the first series of ITV's The X Factor.

She also served as a judge on the first, second and fourth seasons of RTÉ's You're a Star and on Charity You're a Star in summer 2005 and summer 2006. While she was dismissed from later seasons, speaking on Saturday Night with Miriam on RTÉ television on 28 July 2007, she said that she was "open" to being invited back on to the show. Martin did not rule out a return to Eurovision following Ireland's dismal performance in the 2007 contest finishing last with only five points.

She was a guest performer at Congratulations, the 50th anniversary Eurovision concert in Copenhagen, Denmark, in October 2005. Martin was also the Irish spokesperson for Eurovision Song Contest 2007 and was one of the five judges for Eurosong 2009 (Irish Selection for Eurovision). In 2012, she was the mentor for Jedward in the Irish Eurovision final Eurosong 2012.

During the interval of Eurovision 2013, the host Petra Mede presented a light-hearted history of the contest, during which she explained to viewers that Johnny Logan had won the competition three times, in 1980, 1987 and 1992. Appearing alongside Linda Martin in some vintage footage she joked that he had won the third time disguised as a woman, saying, "I recognise a drag queen when I see one". The joke proved controversial, particularly in the Irish media. However, on 1 June 2013, during an appearance on RTÉ's The Saturday Night Show Martin said that she had actually benefited from all the publicity. On the same show she performed a cover of the song "Get Lucky" by Daft Punk.

Theatre
Martin has also appeared in pantomime, in Dublin. She starred in Cinderella as the Wicked Stepmother, Snow White as the Evil Queen and Robin Hood as herself, at the Olympia Theatre.

She toured Menopause the Musical with Irish entertainer Twink. While on tour, Twink described Martin as a "cunt" during a tirade in May 2010. The two had been friends for 30 years but both said afterward that they had no plans to speak to each other again.

Singles (solo)

 * "Why Me?" also reached No. 59 in the UK Singles Chart and No. 29 in the Dutch Singles Chart.

Personal life
Martin was in a relationship with the musician Paul Lyttle from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s.

title: Linda Martin