text:
Talk:May (Pokémon)

Bicker the Better
It says it was never aired in Canada, but I've seen it, and I'm Canadian. Mind you, I have sateliite and can watch American channels, but I'm positive I saw it in Canada. The episode has no true references to teen sexuality, though it could show references to stupidity (Oscar and Andy act very stupid, assuming every boy/girl partnership is a couple upon meeting them, and thinking that three consecutive Assist techniques were used solely to make a sculpture for their victory)
 * Oh dear. Then we had better revert this article as soon as possible; that is vandalism, it really is. - A. Exeunt 10:25, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Here we go again...somebody has added it in yet again. Can we please not do the removals over and over again? It doesn't make much sense. -- A. Exeunt 01:49, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

"Controversy"
I removed the Controversy section. It seemed less like actual controversy and more like a disgusting attempt to discredit May (I know May-bashing when I see it). With permission, though, I could put the mixed reactions to May's appearance on the show (along with the uproar of Misty's departure, though May-bashing irritates me to no end). - The Legend of Miyamoto

 * Thanks for doing the removal. Just make sure you restore the Level 2 headings properly the next time. - A. Exeunt 06:26, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Who is the person who keeps putting on that "Controversy" section? I saw the episode described on YTV, so I know for certain it DID air in Canada. The section sounds more like something that belongs on Pokemopolis or Uncyclopedia, as it is not fact-based, but speculation. The Legend of Miyamoto 20:15, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Miyamoto, I doubt Uncyclopedia is at fault here; they appear to have only one Pokémon page which keeps repeating over and over again. In the meantime, we just have to watch this article and revert edits where necessary. -- A. Exeunt 01:06, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

What Gender is May's Bulbasaur?
In the article, it mentions may leaving her Bulbasaur with Ash's Bulbasaur. and Saying it has a crush on Ash's Bulbasaur. If this is the case what is May's Bulbasaur's Gender, I was under the impression it was male like Bulbasaur. is the writer confusing May's Bulbasaur looking up to Ash's Bulbasaur as romance?Yami 06:34, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I doubt that the writers are trying to confuse, Yami (ever considered Ash's Charizard ? ). As far as I know, Ash's Bulbasaur is male, and if the writer(s) state that May's Bulbasaur has a crush on Ash's Bulbasaur, then we can safely assume that May's Bulbasaur is female. -- A. Exeunt 08:29, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, the writers do like to confuse. They don't let us know what gender Ash's Pikachu is, for example (or at least refused to do so for a very long time). They may want to declare they are opposite genders, without choosing one for either Bulbasaur. Pokémon.com, for instance, clearly stating they weren't going to say as part of what is now their "mailbag", answering a fanmail on a page now deleted from their site, received shortly after genders were introduced in Pokémon Gold and Silver.200.44.6.19 01:43, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Shipping
Ok You can make up all the shipping you want but stop putting down as fact. and putting down as many fan want the shiping

Shipping

Just to remind you guys that an encyclopedic article is NOT meant for Shipping theories; they can wait until they're officially confirmed. Moreover, they promote never-ending edit wars, as well as edits by anonymous users who probably don't have an idea of what NPOV means. (Check out the Revision History.) As such, I've removed all the Shipping stuff and expect your full cooperation. The Raven's Apprentice (Call) 15:10, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with you 100%, this page is literally a joke right now. Brock0820 20:03, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

You know what I think? I think that Wikipeda's May article could use a Romantic Relationships section. This will be encyclopia material. 65.103.86.243

Um, Raven? Did you say 'they (Wikipedia) promote never-ending edit wars'? I thought they were against it. In any case, it looks like everything in this article is back to normal...for now. -- A. Exeunt 05:28, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

I forgot to ask...what is 'shipping'? Is it slang? -- A. Exeunt 05:29, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

shipping is somekind of belief that two fictional characters have "chemistry" together.

Brendon-Jackson

A. Exeunt, when Raven said, "they promote never-ending edit wars", the "they" refers to shipping theories.

Elite Lord Sigma 08:01, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops -- A. Exeunt 01:29, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Romantic Relationship
It seems that this section keeps coming in again and again. Can we please confirm if these are 'real facts' or just 'shipping'? If the latter is true, may I request its removal, as well as the protection of this article? There is too much flak going on around here. -- A. Exeunt 13:05, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * With pleasure, A. Exeunt. I've already removed some shipping on some of the pages. The one I'm trying to keep normal is the Misty one. Either we've got some mad Pokéshippers on that page, or somebody just wants a theroy proven. 65.103.86.243

I really think we should leave the section alone for awhile. We'll discuss it tomorrow. 65.103.86.243

 * It's definetly just based on the person's opinion and not actual facts. Isn't there anything we can do to prevent it from being brought back? Every day I keep deleting it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Super-staff (talk • contribs)

There kind of are facts that May and Ash like each other. Like I said, the Volbeat and Illumise episode, and the 2nd battle for the Balance Badge are big facts.65.103.86.243

 * Yeah, but that's not something that's set in stone. Wikipedia articles are supposed to be based on fact, not opinion. Sure, May and Ash might have chemistry but they are not a couple. It's never been stated that they have any sort of relationship. Besides, that 'romantic relationship' section doesn't have any information on other May ships such as May x Brendan or May x Drew! — The preceding unsigned comment was added by Super-staff.

Good point. Should I post that? 65.103.86.243

 * In a word -- NOOOOO! It's gonna cause a thousand edit wars, and it's no better than original research unless you can find substantial proof from the games and/or the anime to back up what you're saying. The Raven's Apprentice (Call) 08:04, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Very well. I understand. There was too much controversity over May's age, and that had to be deleted here on the talk page. 65.103.86.243
 * There wasn't any controversy. There was a bunch of irrelevant chatting and insulting going on, so I deleted the lot of it. Please read Talk pages before doing anything like that again. - A Man In Bl♟ck (conspire | past ops) 03:42, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Ugh, I keep deleting that romantic relationship section. Isn't there anything that can be done about this? As I said before, Wikipedia isn't about stating your own opinion and should be based on the facts. All I keep seeing in that section is some Advanceshipper (AshxMay supporter)'s opinion on whom May is 'supposedly' in a relationship with. The biggest gripe I have with the section is that they make no mention of any other potential romantic relationships with May (which there are other possibilites). Maybe I could write up my own section.... but then again, I'm sure that person would delete it and replace it with their own Advanceshipping propaganda. e_e —Preceding unsigned comment added by Super-staff (talk • contribs)

Hmph, I think this section might be a good example of a confirmed relationship - no shipping, just confirmed facts. But as far as I know, Pokémon hasn't even reached that mark...if there is one. -- A. Exeunt 03:59, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, that is a good example! And...ehhh, most of the characters on Pokemon seem to have no interest in romance, except for Brock and even then...it's mostly for comedy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Super-staff (talk • contribs)

 * Agreed. Sometimes I even wonder if the term 'romance' is in the producers' dictionary. -- A. Exeunt 01:58, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Speaking of which, I just deleted yet another lovey-dovey section of Ash and May being together. This is all my fault. I never should have caused that age problem thingy. 65.103.86.243

Wat r u talking about?-Dudegirl

You know, now this whole thing will start again with Dawn from the new Diamond and Pearl episodes, even though Dawn does seem to like her friend Kenny... But May and Ash, NO! They're only friends, but Ash and Misty, thats another story. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.223.96.116 (talk) 23:53, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Pokémon in Party
Shouldn't any Pokémon May may have in the Japanese anime right now, but hasn't been aired in the U.S. officially yet be deleted? I mean, this is the English Wikipedia, not the Japanese one.

Elite Lord Sigma 08:04, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

True, but this information from Japan is going to be in the USA soon. Plus, it wouldn't make sense to remove something that has happened, and have to repost it later. 65.103.84.79

 * Also, we do want an up-to-date encyclopedia here. -- A. Exeunt 06:21, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Who removed my statement of May being the only main anime character to have ever owned a Legendary Pokémon? 70.58.211.220

 * If you're talking about Manaphy, didn't she "own" it the same way Max "owned" Jirachi? -SaturnYoshi 06:28, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Oops! I forgot that. I'm gonna do some posting. Cheers! 70.58.211.220

Tell me more
First, someone please tell me about the tildes what do we have to do? Second thing - I wanna know more about May because I really like her so please tell me! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.81.228.152 (talk • contribs)

(above message has been edited by a non "txt tlk".)

 * When you leave a message on a discussion page, always finish with the four tildes so other people can know who you are, -SaturnYoshi 06:30, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Unless you're refering to accents. These can be done with the characters that appear below the edit page, or with the alt codes (Alt+130 for é (the accented lowercase "E" in case you can't see it) for example).200.44.6.19 01:36, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

May is a girl on pokemon.

May is also a playable person on R/S/E, but E/ she has different clothing. And she also has bad experiences with Mudkips in the anime. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.223.96.116 (talk) 23:56, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Going to Johto?
I've watched the last episode of Pocket Monsters Advanced Generation. Although I cannot understand Japanese, what I believe is that May has decided to go to the Johto region. Can anyone verify this? -- A. Exeunt 10:01, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Regardless untill it can be verified if she went to Johto or not then it would be best not to post any speculation claim that she had and I also think that when there is a claim then it should contain a reference. -Adv193 07:42, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Excellent use of words on your edit. That should help greatly. Thanks. -- A. Exeunt 07:49, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, she goes to Johto. -- Densus 00:36, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * There's also a lot of talking about going to Johto in Rivals Forever. May doesn't make her decision in that episode but she learns that Drew, Harley and Saori are gong there. --Sonic Mew 09:47, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

its soledad, not saori--chaosemeraldking 22:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
 * We didn't have her dub name when that post was made. Saori is her name in the Japanese version. --Sonic Mew 01:18, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

The article says that she is going with her rivals, but as to what I know, May is going there alone. Can anyone clarify this?
 * May announced in the last episode that she wishes to travel by herself. --Sonic Mew 01:18, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

She may be there already, but who knows? Maybe she'll appear in the new Diamond and Pearl episodes. but i doubt that. a lot.

Bashing in the guise of a "Movie" section
I keep deleting one section that is supposed to discuss May's role in the movies. However, the person who keeps putting it back on keeps insisting that she gets "eaten by a Mutant Groudon along with Brock" in one of the movies, which is not only a complete lie, it is also a form of character bashing.
 * She was eaten my a Mutant Groudon (I've read the comic adaptation). However, there is no reason to put that in. We just have to keep removing it when it re-appears; it serves no purpose in an article that is supposed to be discussing about May, not May and the Mutant Groudon. -- A. Exeunt 04:36, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Ouch. I'm the guy who keeps on adding it. I was hoping that someone would come along and improve the section. Anyway, I'll delete the "mutant Groudon" thing and add pokexpand, unless anyone has further objections. Cheers, The Raven's Apprentice  (Talk 15:30, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

It's true she does get eaten, but she comes back! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.223.96.116 (talk) 00:00, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

May's Age
I have confirmed her age; it is 10. This was heard twelve seconds into the episode "Get The Show On The Road!" No one, I REPEAT, NO ONE MUST CHANGE THAT. It is undeniable, verifiable fact! -- A. Exeunt 01:33, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Take a chill pill... - Saturn  Yoshi  THE VOICES 01:37, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

May People of the Water
I think that we should put in something about May being a decendent of the People of the Water. As we find out in the Pokemon Ranger Movie.

Spareus151 13:41, 20 April 2007 (UTC)
 * New talk to the bottom. And it's not confirmed May is part of the People of the Water. The leader of the circus talks about how the Water People have spread out and become part of other races etc. etc.; that along with May's dream causes the possibility of May and Max being People of the Water being brought up.—Ｌｏｖｅはドコ？ 21:07, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

It was never comfirmed that she was, and before she has the dream, the egg's light from the moon shines on her, so maybe it was a sign for her to be the "mother" of a pokemon, or the egg's power. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.223.96.116 (talk) 00:04, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Fanservice
Should May's fanservice about her breast size be mentioned any where here? --Coconutfred73 05:06, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * No. Not unless it's been mentioned by any reliable sources. --The Raven's Apprentice (PokéNav 14:41, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Does thr IGN boards count? --Coconutfred73 19:08, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Nope, check out WP:RS. As a matter of fact, remove anything you find in the article which can't be confirmed by such sources. --The Raven's Apprentice (PokéNav 02:55, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Vandal?
What's with the latest vandal? Seems like they vandalised the page and then went back and fixed it themselves... several times? Seems everything is in order but that's pretty strange. SpigotMap 09:09, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
 * We live in strange times, we do. --The Raven's Apprentice (PokéNav 15:11, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

May's age
I hear from other websites that she was 14 when she first started —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.112.23.57 (talk) 20:46, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
 * What those websites say is incorrect. In the first episode that she appears in (Get the Show on the Road), she clearly states that she is 10.  What websites said that she was fourteen? MelicansMatkin 23:00, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Appearance in Sinnoh
I'm going to say this now before anybody tried to add the information to this article. Yes, May will be appearaing in Sinnoh in about a month's time in Japan. Yes, I'm as excited about this as any other May fan. But no, that does not mean that the information can be added to the article. Please see WP:CRYSTAL on why not. This is a similar situation to Ash capturing Paul's Chimchar and the Aipom/Buizel trade, and the addition of the information to this article should be treated in the same way as those two situations were. MelicansMatkin (talk) 04:39, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * lol Please see WP:CRYSTAL on why not. didnt you see the screen caps?-- The Last Uchiha  05:03, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I did, but the situation is the same as when we knew that Ash would get Chimchar. The event hasn't happened yet, and it is still possible that the magazine in question is mistaken.  Until she actually appears, it remains original research.  To quote from WP:Verifiability:  Because this is the English Wikipedia, for the convenience of our readers, English-language sources should be used in preference to foreign-language sources, assuming the availability of an English-language source of equal quality, so that readers can easily verify that the source material has been used correctly. Keep in mind that translations are subject to error, whether performed by a Wikipedia editor or a professional, published translator. In principle, readers should have the opportunity to verify for themselves what the original material actually said, that it was published by a credible source, and that it was translated correctly. Therefore, when the original material is in a language other than English: Where sources are directly quoted, published translations are generally preferred over editors performing their own translations directly. Where editors use their own English translation of a non-English source as a quote in an article, there should be clear citation of the foreign-language original, so that readers can check what the original source said and the accuracy of the translation.
 * We can't use any of the forums as sources because they violate WP:Fansite, and the usage of the scans as a source is as outlined above. MelicansMatkin (talk) 05:54, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * ok i get ya-- The Last Uchiha  08:03, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Although I am aware that Wikipedia cannot use serebii.net as a source due to issues I will point out that it recently made an update that can verify most of details for May's appearance in Sinnoh. -71.59.237.110 (talk) 23:01, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, there are workarounds for that, no worries. -- Altiris   Helios   Exeunt  03:21, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup what?
This has been nagging me for several months, so I'm going to post it here: in which part of this article does it require cleanup? -- Altiris   Helios   Exeunt  03:24, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

Venusaur
since we cant use serebii as a source can someone please find something out about her Venusaur.--Lbrun12415 19:25, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:May (Pokémon)


text: Template:Infobox machinima

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Infobox machinima


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User:Contaifer, Celso

Born : 1955

Ocupation : IT Consultant

Graduation : Information Technology - UnB - 1978.

Living in: Brasília - Distrito Federal - Brasil.

Interests: Software Engineering, Quality Models CMM/CMMI, Project Management, Choral Singing, Touring.

e-mail addr : ccontaifer at gmail pt com

title: User:Contaifer, Celso


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Salisbury Claims

Salisbury Claims is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
This small suburb lies just south of the Johannesburg CBD with Marshalltown to the north and Wemmer to the south. It was proclaimed a suburb on 26 October 1921. Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms that make up Johannesburg, called Turffontein. Lying close to the Main Reef gold deposits, parts of the farm were proclaimed as a gold claim with the mine eventually called Salisbury Gold Mining Company. The area is now a mix of commercial and light industrial usage.

title: Salisbury Claims


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Public Physics

Album by non-notable band. Also, see VFD for the actual band Math Blaster. Madchester 05:23, July 17, 2005 (UTC)


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Category talk:Nervous system

Overlapping subcategories
While and  are expected not to be overlapping, the   certainly can overlap both of these though it is not quite discrete from  under which each of these are already encompassed. I think that there needs to be an evaluation on how to redefine them.  D ip ta ns hu Talk 04:25, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Nervous system


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Spes Bona

Spes Bona is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called Doornfontein. The suburbs name is Latin for good hope and was established in 1896, named after the nearby Spes Bona Goldmine.

title: Spes Bona


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Troyeville

Troyeville is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is a small suburb found on the eastern edge of the Johannesburg CBD, with the suburbs of New Doornfontein, Bertrams and Lorentzville to the north, Fairview to the south and Kensington to its east. The main road through the suburb is Albertina Sisulu Road, which connects the CBD to Johannesburg's eastern suburbs and towns of the East Rand. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
Troyeville was founded as the gold rush happened and people tried to build homes and churches away from the centre of mining. The suburb was founded on one of the original farms on the Witwatersrand, after a strip of land was sold from the farm Doornfontein. The land was purchased by Hollanders, Van Boeschoten and Lorentz. Their land was surveyed by Gustav Arthur Troye and is named after this surveyor. The survey did not take into count the contours of the land and hence there are steep slopes in the suburb. The street names all have Netherlands origins. During 1895, the plots of land were being sold for an average price of £30. Mohandas Gandhi lived in Troyeville from a period between 1904 and 1906, with the house still in existence at 11 Albermarle Street.

The oldest Baptist church in South Africa is in Troyeville dating from 1897 when it was started by missionaries. An anti-apartheid activist David Webster lived on Eleanor Street at what is now called the David Webster House. The front of the house is decorated to celebrate his life and his murder for his beliefs.

Education
Laërskool Johan Rissik was an Afrikaans language primary school. It included a junior school for kindergarten and first grade and a senior school for students from grades 2 to 5. The junior school was on what was then Kitchener Street (now Albertina Sisulu Road) and the senior school adjoining that street and Pretoria Street. The school was named after the first administrator of the Transvaal, Johann Rissik. It closed on 3 December 1991.

title: Troyeville


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Village Main, Gauteng

Village Main is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The suburb lies less than a kilometre south of the Johannesburg CBD. Once mining land, now consists of light industry and one of the city's main freeways, the M2 runs through the suburb. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms that make up Johannesburg, called Turffontein. Lying close to the Main Reef gold deposits the suburb was on mining land of the Village Main Reef Mining Gold Company. Was surveyed as a suburb in 1923 and proclaimed on 10 June 1924.

title: Village Main, Gauteng


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Georges d'Amboise

Georges d'Amboise (1460 – May 25, 1510) was a French Roman Catholic cardinal and minister of state. He belonged to the house of Amboise, a noble family possessed of considerable influence: of his nine brothers, four were bishops. His father, Pierre d'Amboise, seigneur de Chaumont, was chamberlain to Charles VII and Louis XI and ambassador at Rome. Georges' eldest brother, Charles, was governor of the Île-de-France, Champagne and Burgundy, and councillor of Louis XI.

Early years
Georges d'Amboise was born at the family castle in Chaumont-sur-Loire.

He was only fourteen when his father procured for him the bishopric of Montauban, and Louis XI appointed him one of his almoners. On arriving at manhood d'Amboise attached himself to the party of Louis, duc d'Orléans, in whose cause he suffered imprisonment at Corbeil, and on whose return to the royal favor he was elevated to the archbishopric of Narbonne, (June 18, 1482) in which the pope refused to confirm him; after some time he changed his see for that of Rouen (1493). On the appointment of Orléans as governor of Normandy, d'Amboise became his lieutenant-general.

In 1498 the duc d'Orléans mounted the throne as Louis XII, and d'Amboise was suddenly raised to the high position of cardinal (September 17, 1498) and prime minister. In December 1498, he obtained, for reasons of state, the annulment of the marriage of the king to Jeanne de Valois; the king married Anne de Bretagne, widow of the king, in January 1499.

Italian Wars

His foreign policy was animated by the aim of increasing French power in Italy by the conquest of the Milanese territories, in which he can be seen as the continuator of the policies of Étienne de Vesc. On 9 February 1499, he signed a treaty with Venice to which Pope Alexander VI adhered. He accompanied Louis and entered with him into Milan 6 October 1499; he was charged with organizing that province under French control, then returned to France in November. After the revolt of March 1500 in favor of Ludovico Sforza, the cardinal was appointed lieutenant general; he retook the duchy of Milan and sent Sforza to France as a prisoner. He made a triumphal entrance into Lyon on 23 June and received from Louis XII the countship of Lomello. The Cardinal returned to Italy at the beginning of 1501 for the attempted conquest of Naples; he went to Trent as ambassador in October 1501.

His administration in France was, in many respects, well-intentioned and useful. Having the good fortune to serve a king who was both economical and just, he was able to diminish the imposts, to introduce order among the soldiery, and above all, by the ordinances of 1499, to improve the organization of justice. He was also zealous for the reform of the church, and particularly for the reform of the monasteries; and it is greatly to his credit that he did not avail himself of the extremely favorable opportunities he possessed of becoming a pluralist.

He regularly spent a large income in charity, and he labored strenuously to stay the progress of the plague and famine which broke out in 1504.

Construction of the Butter Tower
The Butter Tower of Rouen Cathedral was erected in the early 16th century. d'Amboise had authorised the burning of butter instead of oil, which was scarce, in lamps during Lent, collecting monies of six deniers Tournois from each diocesan for this permission. A bell for the tower was cast in 1501 and named for George d'Amboise. It cracked in 1786 and was melted down for cannon during the French Revolution.

Aspirations for the Papacy
On the death of Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) he aspired to the papacy during the papal conclave, September 1503. He had French troops at the gates of Rome, by means of which he could easily have frightened the conclave and induced them to elect him; but he was persuaded to trust to his influence; the troops were dismissed, and an Italian was appointed as Pius III (1503); and again, on the death of Pius within the month, another Italian, Julius II (1503–13), was chosen.

On 4 December 1503 Cardinal d'Amboise received as compensation the title of papal legate for life in France and of Avignon.

League of Cambrai
He was one of the negotiators of the disastrous Treaty of Blois (1504), and in 1508 of the League of Cambrai against Venice. In 1509 he again accompanied Louis XII into Italy, but on his return he was seized at the city of Lyon with a fatal attack of gout in the stomach. He died there on 25 May 1510. His body was removed to Rouen; and a magnificent tomb, on which he is represented kneeling in the attitude of prayer, was erected to his memory in the cathedral of that town. Throughout his life he was an enlightened patron of letters and art, and it was at his orders that the Château de Gaillon near Rouen was built.

The town of Amboise owes much of its importance to the renown of Georges d'Amboise, whose forebears, however, forfeited the château whence they derived their name.

His nephews Louis d'Amboise, Georges II d'Amboise and François Guillaume de Castelanu de Clermont-Ludéve were also made cardinals.

Popular culture
His capacity as an administrator was such that he is believed to be the original "Georges" of the now-obsolete catchphrase "Laissez faire à Georges" (English: "Let George do it"). The idiom apparently first appears in French in the mid-17th century, but its relationship to the 20th-century American saying "Let George do it" is most likely coincidental.

title: Georges d'Amboise


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Ishtadevata (disambiguation)

Ishtadevata is a term in Hinduism for "the God to which one prays most".

It may also refer to:
 * In Vajrayana Buddhism, a Yidam (Tibetan) or Ishtadevata (Sanskrit), a fully enlightened being who is the focus of personal meditation, during a retreat or for life

title: Ishtadevata (disambiguation)


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Humanistic Buddhism

Humanistic Buddhism  is a modern philosophy practiced by Buddhist groups originating from Chinese Buddhism which places an emphasis on integrating Buddhist practices into everyday life and shifting the focus of ritual from the dead to the living.

Nomenclature
Taixu, a Buddhist modernist activist and thinker who advocated the reform and renewal of Chinese Buddhism, used the term Buddhism for Human Life. The first two characters, "human" and "life", indicating his criticism of several aspects of late Qing dynasty and early Republican Chinese Buddhism that he wished to correct, namely, an emphasis on spirits and ghosts ("human") and funeral services and rites ("life"). His disciples continued this emphasis.

Taixu also used the term Buddhism for the Human World, or popularly humanistic Buddhism. It appears that at first the two terms were largely interchangeable. One of Taixu's disciples, Yin Shun, used the term humanistic Buddhism to indicate a criticism against the "deification" of Buddhism, which was another common feature of much of Chinese Buddhism, in his articles and books. It was Yin Shun and other disciples of Taixu who brought both of these two terms to Taiwan in the wake of the Nationalist government defeat during the Chinese Civil War by the Chinese Communist Party. It was in Taiwan that the term humanistic Buddhism became the most commonly used term, particularly amongst the religious leaders who originally hailed from China.

Background
Humanistic Buddhism integrates Buddhist practices into everyday life based on the nature of Sakyamuni Buddha achieving Buddhahood while bound in an earthly form. Humanistic Buddhism is based on six core concepts, namely humanism, altruism, spiritual practices as part of daily life, joyfulness, timeliness and the universality of saving all beings. From these principles, the aim of humanistic Buddhism is to reconnect Buddhist practice with the ordinary and places emphasis on caring for the material world, not solely concerned with achieving delivery from it.

Soka Gakkai definition
According to Daisaku Ikeda, head of the Soka Gakkai new religious movement:"The essence of Buddhist humanism lies in the insistence that human beings exercise their spiritual capacities to the limit, or more accurately, without limit, coupled with an unshakable belief in their ability to do this. In this way, faith in humanity is absolutely central to Buddhism." Another aspect of manifesting the teaching of Humanistic Buddhism is the interfaith dialogue and the study of the common tenets of non-violence.

Soka Gakkai International teaches that "the Lotus Sutra ... leads all people to Buddhahood and we ordinary human beings are in no way different or separate from one another" and viewed the Buddha as a role model for all humanity: "The purpose of the appearance in this world of Shakyamuni Buddha, the lord of teachings, lies in his behaviour as a human being".

Buddhism and new religious movements in Taiwan
Yin Shun was the key figure in the doctrinal exposition of Buddhism and thus humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan. However, he was not particularly active in the social or political spheres of life. This was to be carried out by a younger generation such as Hsing Yun, Sheng-yen, Wei Chueh and Cheng Yen. These four figures, collectively known as the Four Heavenly Kings of Taiwanese Buddhism, head the Four Great Mountains, or monasteries, of Taiwanese Buddhism and Buddhist new religious movements, namely Fo Guang Shan, Dharma Drum Mountain, Chung Tai Shan and Tzu Chi.

History of Chinese Buddhist ritual practice
Humanistic Buddhism originated in China at the beginning of the 20th century. The movement emerged as a collective attempt to emphasize the importance of serving the living in Buddhist practice, rather than placing focus on the traditional Buddhist rituals for the dead. After the Ming dynasty, penance for the dead had become more widespread, replacing rituals focused on meditation. A possible cause for this was Emperor Zhu Yuanzhan's Buddhist Orders issued in 1391. These created three categories of the sangha, or monastic class: meditation monks, teaching monks and yoga monks. These yoga monks were responsible for performing rituals for the dead. This led to certain monks taking on the roles of monks on call who performed rituals to earn their livelihood. These monks on call made up a majority of the sangha by the end of the Qing dynasty. Another possible cause of the increased rituals for the dead was the spread of tantric Buddhism following the Yuan dynasty which promoted ritual practice.

Fo Guang Shan
Fo Guang Shan is one of the most popular humanistic Buddhist organizations in present-day Taiwan. They have done work to reform and re-invent more traditional ritual practices. They strive to highlight Dharmic aspects of ritual and tailor their practices and worship to benefit the living, rather than the dead. Fo Guang Shan are known for their Recitation Teams, which they send to hospitals and hospice care facilities to assist the dying and their loved ones in performing humanistic Buddhist ritual practice. Humanistic Buddhists believe that death is not an end so much as the beginning of a new life and therefore rituals at the end of life should comfort and pacify the dying individual. They also hold ceremonies that celebrate marriage and the happiness of married couples which are popular worldwide.

Hsing Yun
Hsing Yun (1927–2023) was widely considered a contemporary leader in the humanistic Buddhist movement in Taiwan and was the founder of Fo Guang Shan in the 1960s. He wrote Rites for Funerals, a work outlining the Dharmic elements of these rituals and reforming them to place emphasis on the living participants and worshipers. He also wrote The Etiquettes and Rules, which outlines the practices of traditional Buddhism from a humanistic perspective.

Gender equality in humanistic Buddhism
One controversy of humanistic Buddhism is the role of women in society. Hsing Yun held a conservative perspective as to the position of women and published a variety of articles for men on how to maintain a functioning household and for women on how to provide proper companionship and please their husbands. Despite this perception, women have earned themselves a solid position in the Chinese workforce. While Hsing Yun did not advocate for women being forced out of workplaces, he cautioned men about the problems that might arise in a household if a woman is not at home to keep things in order. However, Buddhist nuns have been gaining a place as of 1998 in which 136 women from a variety of Buddhist traditions were ordained into the Fo Guang Shan tradition in China. Taiwan has also had ordination available to Buddhist nuns for centuries.

title: Humanistic Buddhism


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jackpot (private club)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 19:36, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Jackpot (private club)

 * Nominator seems to have put their reason for deletion on the talk page, not here, so I've copied it to the VfD subpage. --Dmcdevit·t 05:33, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Blatant advertising? Does it really belong in an enclyclopaedia? There are lots of pubs and clubs near me too, but I don't think it's particular relevant to give them Wiki pages. -- user:Matt.whitby
 * Delete this advertising, especially if they can't even spell Raleigh. --Dmcdevit·t 05:33, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not a very private bar, if it's listed on Wikipedia. --Madchester 05:41, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Why this should be listed is beyond me. Lomedae 12:46, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 08:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advet Billhpike 16:01, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Template talk:Infobox machinima

Just so it's clear, I copy/pasted the main code from Template:Infobox television and adapted it. I'm a little new to creating templates, so I'll try and fix any little problems myself. I'll try and think of any additions that may be needed.--DooM Drat 05:34, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

An explanation
Some of the fields may be a little hard to understand.

 * Engine(s) means what game engine(s) were used in the production.

 * Formats is for the video formats the production has been released in. In-engine, DivX, WMV, Quicktime, etc.

 * First release and last release relate to the fact that machinima productions often have uncertain and irregular releases, unlike, say, a TV series. That of course could change as machinima starts to get commercial release.

 * Website is the main website of the show, not a link to a download page (such as machinima.com).

--DooM Drat 03:55, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

An addition
I've added a "crew" section. I'd be tempted to say that we could actually do with all the different movie roles as options - editor, cinematographer, motion graphics, sound, music, etc - but I'll leave that for now.

- Hugh Hancock
 * Sorry for the slow response, but I've added the following five fields for now: director, producer, editor, writer, and actor control. More can be added as needed. :) — TKD::Talk 07:56, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox machinima


text:
Railroad Commission of Texas

The Railroad Commission of Texas (RRC; also sometimes called the Texas Railroad Commission, TRC) is the state agency that regulates the oil and gas industry, gas utilities, pipeline safety, safety in the liquefied petroleum gas industry, and surface coal and uranium mining. Despite its name, it ceased regulating railroads in 2005, when the last of the rail functions were transferred to the Texas Department of Transportation.

Established by the Texas Legislature in 1891, it is the state's oldest regulatory agency, and began as part of the Efficiency Movement of the Progressive Era. From the 1930s to the 1960s, it largely set world oil prices, but was displaced by OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) after 1973. In 1984, the federal government took over transportation regulation for railroads, trucking, and buses, but the Railroad Commission kept its name. With an annual budget of $79 million, it now focuses entirely on oil, gas, mining, propane, and pipelines, setting allocations for production each month.

The three-member commission was initially appointed by the governor, but an amendment to the state's constitution in 1894 established the commissioners as elected officials who serve overlapping six-year terms, like the sequence in the U.S. Senate, elected statewide. No specific seat is designated as chairman; the commissioners choose the chairman from among themselves. Normally, the commissioner who faces reelection is the chairman for the preceding two years. The current commissioners are: Jim Wright since January 4, 2021; Wayne Christian since January 9, 2017; and Christi Craddick since December 17, 2012.

Origins
Attempts to establish a railroad commission in Texas began in 1876. After five legislative failures, an amendment to the state constitution that provided for a railroad commission was submitted to voters in 1890. The amendment's ratification and the 1890 election of Governor James S. Hogg, a Democrat, permitted the legislature in 1891 to pass legislation that constitutionally created the Railroad Commission of Texas, and gave it jurisdiction over the operations of railroads, terminals, wharves, and express companies. It could set rates, issue rules on how to classify freight, require adequate railroad reports, and prohibit and punish discrimination and extortion by corporations. George Clark, running as an independent “Jeffersonian Democratic” candidate for governor in 1892, denounced the TRC as being “Wrong in principle, undemocratic, and unrepublican.” Clark opined that the TRC and similar “Commissions do no good. They do harm. Their only function is to harass. I regard it as essentially foolish and essentially vicious.” Clark lost the 1892 election to Hogg, but federal judge Andrew Phelps McCormick granted an injunction preventing the TRC from enforcing compliance and seeking to prosecute or recover penalties from railroad companies the same year; the decision was overruled by the United States Supreme Court in 1894. The governor appointed the first members; the first elections to the commission were held in 1893, with three commissioners serving six-year, overlapping terms. The TRC did not have jurisdiction over interstate rates, but Texas was so large that the in-state traffic it regulated was of dominant importance.

The agency did not have the legal authority to set rates, nor did it have the resources to spend much of its time in court battles. The carrot was far more important than the stick. Freight rates continued to decline dramatically. In 1891, a typical rate was 1.403 cents per ton mile. By 1907, the rate was 1.039 cents—a decline of 25%. However, the railroads did not have rates high enough for them to upgrade their equipment and lower costs in the face of competition from pipelines, cars, and trucks, and the Texas railway system began a slow decline.

Members of the First Railroad Commission of Texas
John H. Reagan (1818–1903), the first chairman of the TRC (1891–1903), had been the most outspoken advocate in Congress of bills to regulate railroads in the 1880s. He feared the corruption caused by railroad monopolies, and considered their control a moral challenge. As chairman of the TRC, Reagan changed his views when he became acquainted with the realities of the complex forces affecting railroad management. Reagan turned to the Efficiency Movement for ideas, and established a pattern of regulatory practice that the TRC used for decades. He believed that the agency should pursue two main goals: to protect consumers from unfair railway practices and excessive rates, and to support the state's overall economic growth. To find the optimal rates that met these goals, he focused the TRC on the collection of data, direct negotiation with railway executives, and compromises with the parties involved.

Lafayette L. Foster (1851–1901) was a commissioner of the first TRC (1891–1895) appointed by Governor Hogg. He resigned in 1895, and became the vice president and general manager of the Velasco Terminal Railway. He was succeeded as commissioner by Nathan Alexander Stedman.

William P. McLean (1836–1925) was a commissioner of the first TRC (1891–1894) appointed by Governor Hogg. He was a judge before his appointment to the commission. He was re-elected in 1893, but resigned his position in 1894 to practice law in Fort Worth. He was succeeded as commissioner by Leonidas Jefferson Storey, who later became chairman of the TRC in 1903, following Reagan's death.

Segregation
From the 1890s through the 1960s, the Texas Railroad Commission found it difficult to fully enforce Jim Crow segregation legislation. Because of the expense involved, Texas railroads often allowed wealthier blacks to mix with whites, rather than provide separate cars, dining facilities, and even depots. In addition, West Texas authorities often refused to enforce Jim Crow laws because few African Americans resided there. In the 1940s, the railroad commission's enforcement of segregation laws began collapsing further, in part because of the great number of African American soldiers that were transported during World War II. The trains were integrated in the early 1960s.

Expansion to oil
The agency's reach expanded as it took over responsibility for regulating oil pipelines (in 1917), oil and gas production (1919), natural gas delivery systems (1920), bus lines (1927), and trucking (1929). It grew from 12 employees in 1916 to 69 in 1930 and 566 in 1939. It does not have jurisdiction over investor-owned electric utility companies; that falls under the jurisdiction of the Public Utility Commission of Texas.

A crisis for the petroleum industry was created by the East Texas oil boom of the 1930s, as prices plunged to 25¢ a barrel. The traditional TRC policy of negotiating compromises failed; the governor was forced to call in the state militia to enforce order. Texas oilmen decided they preferred state to federal regulation, and wanted the TRC to give out quotas so that every producer would get higher prices and profits. Pure Oil Company opposed the first statewide oil prorationing order, which was issued by the TRC in August 1930. The order, which was intended to conserve oil resources by limiting the number of barrels drilled per day, was seen by small producers, like Pure Oil, as a conspiracy between government and major companies to drive them out of business, and ultimately foster monopoly in the oil industry.

Ernest O. Thompson (1892–1966), head of the TRC from 1932 to 1965, took charge of the agency, and indeed the oil industry, by appealing to an ideal of Texas's role in the global oil order—the civil religion of Texas oil. He cajoled, harangued, and browbeat recalcitrant producers into compliance with the TRC's prorationing orders. The New Deal allowed the TRC to set national oil policy. As late as the 1950s, the TRC controlled over 40% of United States’ crude production, and approximately half of estimated national proved reserves. It served as a model in the creation of OPEC. Gordon M. Griffin, chief engineer of the TRC during World War II, developed the formula for prorationing to keep production flowing for the military.

Because the TRC needed access to the Texas headquarters of the various oil companies, it became a long term tenant at the Milam Building.

Operations
Regulation was a practical rather than ideological affair. The TRC typically worked with the regulated industries to improve operations, share best practices, and address consumer complaints. Radical activities—like heated court battles or rate-setting to favor shippers, producers, or consumers—were the exception rather than the rule.

Within the oil and gas industry, it took into account production in other states, in effect bringing total available supply (including imports, which were small) within the principle of prorationing to market demand. Allowable oilfield production was calculated as follows: estimated market demand, minus uncontrolled additions to supply, gave the Texas total; this was then prorated among fields and wells in a manner calculated to preserve equity among producers, and to prevent any well from producing beyond its maximum efficient rate (MER). Scheduled allowables are expressed in numbers of calendar days of permitted production per month at MER. In the spring of 2013, new hydraulic fracturing water recycling rules were adopted in the state of Texas by the Railroad Commission of Texas. The Water Recycling Rules are intended to encourage Texas hydraulic fracturing operators to conserve water used in the hydraulic fracturing process for oil and gas wells.

Recent history
As of March 2022, the commission members are Wayne Christian (chairman), Christi Craddick, and Jim Wright. All three members are Republicans. Christian was elected in 2016 as a commissioner, and was selected as chairman in 2019. Craddick was elected in 2012, and reelected in 2018. Wright was elected in 2020.

Effective October 1, 2005, as a result of House Bill 2702, the rail oversight functions of the Railroad Commission were transferred to the Texas Department of Transportation. The traditional name of the commission was not changed despite the loss of its titular regulatory duties.

Court cases involving the commission
The Shreveport Rate Case, also known as Houston E. & W. Ry. Co. v. United States, 234 U.S. 342 (1914) arose from the Railroad Commission's setting railroad freight rates unequally. Because of the low intrastate rates, shippers in eastern Texas tended to ship their wares to Dallas (in Texas), rather than to Shreveport, Louisiana, although Shreveport was considerably closer to much of eastern Texas. The Railroad Commission's (and the railroad's) position was that only the state could regulate commerce within a state, and that the federal government had no power so to do. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government's ability to regulate interstate commerce necessarily included the ability to regulate intrastate “operations in all matters having a close and substantial relation to interstate traffic,” and to ensure that “interstate commerce may be conducted upon fair terms.”

The Railroad Commission has also figured prominently in two major U.S. Supreme Court cases on the doctrine of abstention:
 * Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co., a 1941 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was appropriate for federal courts to abstain from hearing a case to allow state courts to decide substantial constitutional issues that touch upon sensitive areas of state social policy, specifically the race of railroad employees.
 * Burford v. Sun Oil Co., a 1943 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a federal court sitting in diversity jurisdiction may abstain from hearing the case where the state courts likely have greater expertise in a particularly complex and unclear area of state law which is of special significance to the state, where there is comprehensive state administrative/regulatory procedure, and where the federal issues cannot be decided without delving into state law.

Commissioners
The commissioners are elected in statewide partisan elections for six-year terms, with one commission seat up for election every two years. The commission selects a chairperson from among their members every year.

Offices and districts
The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building at 1701 North Congress Avenue in Austin. In addition, the Texas Railroad Commission has twelve oil and gas district offices located throughout the state. The district offices facilitate communication between industry representatives and the Commission.

title: Railroad Commission of Texas


text:
Tara Slone

Tara Kamala Slone (born September 7, 1973) is a Canadian rock vocalist, actress and television personality.

Early life and education
Slone was born in Montreal, Quebec, and raised in Wolfville and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her stepfather Dr. Tomacz Pietrzykowski was the Dean of the School of Computer Science at Acadia University. She began pursuing classical voice training at the age of 12 with the goal of becoming an opera singer. Her first job was at a Second Cup in Halifax when she was in high school as a barista for a few months before working at Sam the Record Man. She connected with music lovers and indie musicians, which she credits as influencing her taste in music. At the age of 18, she attended first Dalhousie University and then Concordia University to pursue a degree in music. While at Concordia, she switched her aspirations to acting and rock music, and subsequently moved to Toronto, Ontario.

Acting career
In the mid-1990s, Slone played Columbia in the theatre version of The Rocky Horror Picture Show in front of sold-out crowds when it stopped at the Grand Theatre in Kingston, Ontario. In 2016, Slone appeared on stage at the Stratford Festival in the play The Hypochondriac.

In 1998, Slone landed a recurring role in La Femme Nikita. She appeared in three episodes. In 2008, she appeared in an episode of the second season of The Border, titled "Prescriptive Measures", as an American pop star who dies early on in the episode, which sparks the main plot of the episode.

Music career
In 1996, Slone became the lead singer of Joydrop after discovering a wanted ad for a singer in the magazine Now. By 1997, Joydrop had a record deal and released two albums. The band had chart hits in Canada with the singles "Beautiful" and "Sometimes Wanna Die," (which also reached #20 on the American Billboard Alternative chart) and was nominated for a Juno Award.

Since the breakup of Joydrop, Slone worked on a solo album with Jordon Zadorozny. Her latest album, Just Look Pretty and Sing, was released on March 6, 2007, but was completed before appearing on the reality show Rock Star INXS in 2005. Singles released include "My Little Secret", "We Were Stars" and "The Perfect Girl." Joydrop reunited on April 2, 2017, edition of Hometown Hockey in Guelph, Ontario with Slone performing "Beautiful".

Slone competed on Rock Star INXS in 2005, a reality show that sought to find a replacement lead singer for the band INXS. She was the sixth person eliminated from the competition. She previously resided in Toronto, sharing a house with fellow Rock Star INXS contestant Suzie McNeil. The two appeared in an episode of MTV Cribs, giving viewers a tour of their house.

Broadcasting career
From August 9, 2010, to August 28, 2015, Slone served as the host of Breakfast Television on Citytv Calgary.

Beginning in 2014, Slone joined Sportsnet, acting as an on-site co-host for its new Sunday-night Rogers Hometown Hockey broadcasts alongside Ron MacLean. The show was cancelled in 2022 and Slone parted ways with Sportsnet.

In 2020, Slone was named host of a new weekly Sportsnet docuseries called Top of Her Game, which focuses on women's rights through interviews with female athletes, builders and executives. In the same year she was host of the summer concert series Budweiser Stage at Home for the Citytv network, for which she received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Host in a Talk Show or Entertainment News Series at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards. In 2022, she accepted a position with the NHL's San Jose Sharks as a content contributor, and has also joined NBC Sports Bay Area on their Sharks broadcasts. After Sharks goalie James Reimer didn’t practice with the team before their LGBTQIA+ Pride Night, Slone said in an interview with The Athletic, that it made her feel “sick to her stomach” that he didn’t participate with the rest of the team. On June 8, 2024, Slone announced she was moving back to Canada to work for Sirius XM radio in music and entertainment programs.

Personal life
She is separated and has a daughter named Audrey. Slone now lives in San Jose, California with former NHL defenceman Dan Boyle.

title: Tara Slone


text:
Talk:Dallas Green (musician)

Page rename
How can I change the name of this page to City and Colour? I did try moving the page but it wouldn't allow me to do so. --Seraphim Whipp 02:06, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Blanking and redirecting page
The reason this page was created in the first place, is because it disucsses the band, City and Colour. The Dallas Green page is about Dallas Green, not about his band. Alexisonfire have their own page, I don't see why City and Colour shouldn't. Also I don't think there's any reason to be rude in edit summaries either. --Seraphim Whipp 21:48, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It is redundant to have the Dallas Green and City and Colour articles separate. City and Colour is Dallas Green, and the Dallas Green page is all about his music. For example, artists like Billy Corgan, or Tom Petty don't have articles solely for their solo projects, again because its redundant. If you are so concerned on having separate pages, than you can take the proper channels of doing so; having a vote on the Dallas Green page as opposed to cowboying up and deciding whatever you want goes.
 * no disrespect, jerkmonkee 04:23, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * See Dashboard_Confessional:
 * "What rulebook says it has to be called your name if you're one guy?"- Chris Carrabba

 * Dallas Green's band may be a one man project but Dallas Green is a person, not a band. City and Colour is a band and not a person.
 * I made the decision to be bold and create a new page. No one else has objected on this talk page or Talk:Dallas Green (musician) except you. You are the one that has decided that you have an authority, by removing the efforts of 4 editors, completely without discussion beforehand. The City and Colour and Dallas Green pages need to grow in their own right, concerning their separate subjects. I think you should give it some time, for other editors to add to the articles. Wikipedia is not a paper enclypedia, see Wiki is not paper.
 * Wikipedia is about information, right? It's about working together too, right? So let's make these articles bigger and better together! :-)
 * --Seraphim Whipp 00:04, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh god.. that sounds great and everything, like I'm undoing your hard work and I'm mean.. all you did was copy and paste some shit to make the intro, copy and paste a few lines out of the infobox i made, copy and pasted the pretty discography chart i made, and used unproperly sourced images; all within an article with less information about the subject than the original..

 * So for the last time, see Requested moves if you want to take the proper means of moving a page, you can't just decide "hey I feel like moving this page today"

 * with respect,
 * jerkmonkee 18:39, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Third opinion. This is in response to a request for a third opinion. Making a new page is not the same thing as moving a page, so WP:RM is irrelevant. Additionally, after freely releasing the infobox and chart under the GFDL, you cannot control if it ends up on another Wikipedia page. This seems like a case of WP:OWNership.
 * If you want to delete this page and make it into a redirect, you need to go through the articles for deletion process. Just doing it yourself will not be sustained. Grouse 01:09, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * ?? The point isn't that I care about who puts what I made where.. the point is that its useless to make a separate page with the same recycled info as the original, except with less actual information that the original and with improperly sources images.. jerkmonkee 04:20, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * There are still people out there who don't know that City and Colour is Dallas Green. So having "a separate page with the same recycled info as the original" is well justified. Lets say someone hears a song by CITY AND COLOUR on TV and tries to search "City and Colour" on wikipedia. The page redirects to Dallas Green. It's kind of stupid isn't it, seeing that City and Coulour is a bige enough project/band, to not have a separate page? ZombyPiggie

Former members?
How can this have any former members? It's mainly just Dallas and Nick. I've only heard of other people backing him at a few live shows, but they're not necessarily part of the project... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.5.200.68 (talk) 18:26, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Band name section
Why is the quote about how long Dallas Green has been writing material located under the band name section? I agree that it belongs on the article, but it has nothing to do with the name of the band. Youre dreaming eh? (talk) 00:13, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Why is there still a trivia Section?
maybe it is just me, but aren't trivia sections discouraged on Wikipedia? and it seems like the info there is unnecessary... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Theriusthechronicler (talk • contribs) 20:14, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Live At The Verge
I just found a single that Dallas has created named 'Live At The Verge'. It only contains 2 tracks but I am sure it should be mentioned. More info on the single is here. http://social.zune.net/album/City-and-Colour/Live-At-The-Verge-(2-Track-Single)/61f62402-0100-11db-89ca-0019b92a3933/details Mackenziepricee (talk) 03:03, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Merge with Dallas Green
I think this page should be merged with Dallas Green, as City and Colour is Dallas Green. --101.161.29.112 (talk) 07:35, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

 * No City and Colour isn't Dallas Green. Dallas has an article because he individually is notable, while City and Colour is a distinct project. City and Colour has also become a four piece band including Dallas' brother if you read the album notes notes of Little Hell. Jonjonjohny (talk) 09:05, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

 * This article currently states in the lede's first sentence that the article is about a recording alias belonging to Dallas Green . It also states the only band member in the associated project is Dallas Green himself. The member list after him is separate and designated "other back up". In its current state a merge is entirely appropriate. -  Steve3849 talk  22:32, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

2009 Canadian Fall Tour
City and Colour first played Silver and Gold, O'Sister, Murderer and Grinnin' In Your Face on their Canadian Fall Tour in 2009, not their 2010 Europe Tour. I was there, and there are videos on YouTube to prove this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.173.56.103 (talk) 05:26, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Dallas Green (musician) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:48, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dallas Green (musician)


text:
Talk:Suspiria

Three strip technicolor camera?
Acording to the trivia section of Suspiria in IMDB, that sort of camera has not been used since the 1950's. It states that the film was shot with a regular camera and filmstrip of the time and later developed in a three-strip machine.

It also gives the information as to why people are confused about that part of movie history. I just didn't edit the page right away as the person who wrote it may have a reliable source to make such a statement.

--Fmafra 05:41, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * I highly doubt that a production would willingly drag such a large beast of a camera (and a long-obsolete one at that) for a production in the 1970s when so many smaller, lighter, and better options were more easily accessible. Furthermore, the use of such a camera would make any handheld shots utterly impossible, as it would weigh several hundred pounds. I haven't seen Suspiria, so I don't know if there are any handheld shots in it, though.

 * What I will speculate is that the editor of these comments got it confused with the 3-strip imbibition process, which is a method of making release prints and is not at all incompatible with normal one-strip color photography. As Technicolor abandoned the process in 1975 and sold the equipment to the Chinese shortly thereafter, it would make more sense that this is what happened - it was filmed using normal cameras and film and then had separation masters made in order to strike IB prints. In any case, I've deleted the information until a citation can be found, as the claims are too highly improbable to accept without one. Girolamo Savonarola 21:28, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I checked the documentary on the special edition DVD, and cinematographer Luciano Tovoli definitely says it was printed in 3-strip Technicolor, NOT that it was filmed in this process. The IMDb mentions that there is a shot of a 3-strip camera in the interview, but in fact the interview is fully illustrated with diagrams showing how a 3-strip camera worked, so no wonder many people got the wrong idea. Pearce.duncan 03:34, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I suppose that's bad (or no) research on the part of the docu crew! In any case, I've re-edited the article again after people seemed to revert it back. So let me clarify for anyone else reading - Technicolor generally refers to either of two processes: the actual camera negative or the release print made. The 3-strip negative stopped being used by the mid-1950s when Eastmancolor emerged, and was not really ever used again. The release print process, also known as dye transfer imbibition, was a method of making higher quality prints for cinemas. It was always used with the 3-strip negative process, but could also be used with normal 1-strip color negatives. In this process they separate the colors into three separation masters (RGB) which are then used to create three positive matrices (YCM). These are saturated with dye and each pressed into a blank frame in sequence, creating a dye transfer print. These prints are much higher in color and tonal rendition, and they don't fade (unlike most release prints which are based on photographic emulsion technology). This release print process continued to be used well into the 1970s before being stopped, and was briefly resurrected in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It does not require a 3-strip camera, and no movie made after the 1950s has used one. Including Suspiria. Girolamo Savonarola 21:19, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Just rewatching the movie. The ending credits of the movie list Eastmancolor and Technicolor, presumably filmed in Eastmancolor with the distribution prints processed in Technicolor. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.232.82.50 (talk) 20:07, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

Public Domain
Does anyone know why this film is listed under the public domain category? -Aghost 03:58, 3 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It is listed on quite a few PD film distributor catalogs . As for how a film released in 1977 could be in the public domain already, there are two possible explanations: (A) It was not released with a copyright notice in the USA (B) There are lower quality prints, usually 16mm, that were released into the PD by the filmmakers to sell to second run theatres so the theatres could buy the print upfront and not have to pay royalties to screen it.--Fallout boy 05:14, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The film is not and has never been in public domain in the United States. 20th Century Fox originally had distrubution rights to the film during the '70s and '80s, but they never renewed them after that (one could possibly blame that on the failure of Inferno). The film shuffled through many video distrubutors during the '90s until William Lustwig acquired the rights to the film at the end of the decade when Fox Lorber's rights expired. While the film is currently on license to Anchor Bay Entertainment, once it ends, the film will be released on Lustwig's Blue Underground label (which will be re-releasing most of Argento's films onto DVD within the next few years). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.96.247.177 (talk • contribs)

Twist Ending
Can anyone tell me why this film is listed under the Twist Ending category? Pearce.duncan 05:01, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Three Mothers, Part III
According to IMDb, the third part of the Three Mothers series is in preproduction. I thought perhaps someone with a bit more motivation to update the article to reflect this, and perhaps even start an article on the new film. clickyclicky Ric | opiaterein 03:27, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Suspiria.JPG
Image:Suspiria.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:31, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Italian language?
Around the end of last year, I remember there being a list of several different languages under "language" in the infobox, which I assumed to be the different languages spoken by the actors on-set given their varied ethnicities, and then it was changed to only Italian. How is the language of the film Italian if some of the main actors (including Jessica Harper and Joan Bennett) are clearly speaking English? I'm no lip reader, but it's quite clear some of the others are too. Are we talking language of first dubbing here or what? I'll admit that I don't even know what language the script was written in given Daria and Dario are both Italian and not native English speakers, but I'm unsure as to what exactly the infobox language is referring to. 58.106.201.246 (talk) 12:44, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

THX
A film of 1977 was certified THX, which was founded 1983? --Alex1011 (talk) 21:54, 28 April 2017 (UTC)
 * The film wasn't, but that home-video release was.

Original research in the plot section?
A user (who I messaged) recently added an original research template at the top of the Plot section. Can someone please tell me what the OR is in this instance? In general, plot sections don't require citations because they are backed by the film itself, so is there something in this section that isn't confirmed by the actual movie? Just a simple check-up. I didn't notice anything out of the ordinary myself.  Dark Knight  2149  00:00, 9 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Per MOS:FILM, you don't need sources for plot. These tags can be removed. Andrzejbanas (talk) 22:08, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suspiria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grívf

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 19:46, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Grívf
No assertion of notability under WP:MUSIC and I could not find anything useful after a quick googling. And its very rare for an upstart band to get sudden notability. Delete. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 05:41, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no verifiable material, and no presence at allmusic.com so non-notable too. -Splash 07:33, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. -- Marcika 12:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Why do they even try? Non-notable. Lomedae 12:49, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. And what is funeral doom? --Etacar11 00:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable band vanity. JamesBurns 08:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grívf


text:
Towra Point Nature Reserve

The Towra Point Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve that is located in Sutherland Shire, Southern Sydney, New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The 603 ha reserve is situated on the southern shores of Botany Bay at Kurnell, within the Sutherland Shire. The reserve is protected under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance as an important breeding ground for many vulnerable, protected, or endangered species. The Towra Point Aquatic Nature Reserve is located in the surrounding waterways.

History
 { "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q7830302" } Kurnell was inhabited by the Dharawal people, and there are three middens and one relic that still remain today at the Towra Point Nature Reserve.

Captain Cook mapped Botany Bay when he landed in 1770, including Towra Point. Early European colonialists ran horses and cattle on Towra Point, despite the poor condition of the land for such a purpose. In 1827, "Towra Point" and "Towra Bay" were recorded as local names by the surveyor Robert Dixon. Another name known for the area was "Stinkpot Bay". In 1861, Thomas Holt bought Towra Point, and divided it into paddocks for grazing or growing corn. Sheep grazing was particularly disastrous, and many thousands of sheep died of footrot and are buried at Towra Point. In the late 1870s, Thomas Holt began oyster farming at Weeney Bay in Towra Point. In 1935, the Parks and Playgrounds Movement of NSW opposed an application to mine for shell at Towra Point. During World War II, a radar station was established, and a causeway built. In 1946, Towra Point was considered as a location for a second Sydney airport.

In the 1960s, movement began to preserve Towra Point led initially by the President of Sutherland Shire, Arthur Gietzelt, and Tom Uren, the then Federal Minister for Urban Affairs. In 1965 Ian Griffith, state MP for Cronulla, praised the idea, but was met by community backlash. In March 1969, the then Prime Minister, John Gorton ruled out Towra Point as a potential site for a second airport, citing community noise problems. The opening to Botany Bay was dredged in the 1970s to assist shipping, but this refracted the wave patterns in the bay, focusing them on Towra Point, causing erosion. The building of the revetment wall in Port Botany was also thought to contribute to the changed wave patterns. In 1974 and 1975, the waves off Towra were so strong that teens surfed there.

Following lobbying by Ray Thorburn, the reserve was bought by the Government of Australia in 1975, attempting to fulfil obligations to JAMBA, which would come into force in April 1981. This was the first time that the Australian Government had bought land for nature conservation purposes within a state. On 10 September 1979 the oil tanker World Encouragement spilled approximately 95 t of crude oil into Botany Bay. Mangroves at Quibray Bay, Weeney Bay and Towra Point were impacted – 100 ha of mangroves were affected, and 4.4 ha died.

In 1981, another oil spill occurred at the Matraville refinery, causing more damage to the mangroves. In 1982, Towra Point was officially made a nature reserve. In 1983 Towra was suffering from erosion – the Elephant's Trunk, a peninsula of Towra had shrunk to 3 metres wide. The seagrasses were also being eaten by sea-urchins – the population had exploded from 20,000 per hectare in 1979 to 80,000 by 1983. It was declared a Ramsar site (or wetland of international importance) in 1984, at the time meeting Ramsar criteria 1, 2, 3 and 6. In 2009, Towra Point met Ramsar criteria 2, 3, 4 and 8. In 1987, the Towra Point Aquatic Nature Reserve was created, covering 1400 ha in the waterways surrounding Towra Point. Towra Point Nature Reserve also attempts to meet the Federal government's obligations to CAMBA, which came into force in 1988.

In 1990, the Elephant's Trunk was eroded so much that the tip broke off into an island. By this time, Towra Beach was so eroded that trees that were part of the forest were "tumbling into the water". The Friends of Towra Point volunteer group was founded in February 1997 and they do such activities as bush regeneration, seed collection, vegetation surveys and habitat creation for the little tern. They also coordinate the annual Clean Up Australia Day activities at Towra Point. Habitat creation involves sandbagging the eroding Towra Lagoon, nest tagging, and clearing areas around nests.

In 2003, it was proposed to undertake beach nourishment at Towra Point, involving 60,000 cubic metres of sand. While this had an immediate negative effect on some amphipod species, they had recovered by 2005. In January 2004, 24 little tern were killed after picnickers and a dog accidentally landed on Towra Spit Island. In 2004, a A$1.5 million dredging project was undertaken to cut off Towra Spit Island from the rest of Towra Point to provide a fox-free environment. In around 2007, the La Perouse Aboriginal Community began sending trainees to work in the area for the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service as part of the "Towra Team", combining bush regeneration work with learning traditional Aboriginal cultural skills.

In 2010, artificial roosting posts were installed by the Office of Environment & Heritage to supplement the roosting habitat in the area. In the 2010 breeding season, 72 little tern fledged. In 2012, the site received a "Grey Globe" award of shame, given to Ramsar sites that are considered to be under threat. In 2013, the Botany Bay National Park and 800 ha of land including Towra Point Nature Reserve were to be included on the State Heritage Register.

Habitats
Towra Point, atop an ancient river delta deposit, has many distinct habitats – these diverse habitats are part of why Towra Point is a Ramsar site. The habitats of the reserve are:
 * Salt marshes
 * Mangroves
 * Littoral rainforests
 * Turpentine forests
 * Lagoons
 * Beaches

In 2001, the mangrove forests of Towra Point were described as varying in width between tens and hundreds of metres and largely consisting of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina with the river mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum growing in patches along the edge of the forest closest to the landward edge.

Species
Towra Point Nature Reserve is home to many endangered, vulnerable, protected and exotic species. This list is from the NSW Government's Environment and Heritage department website – a comprehensive listing, including numbers, scientific names, and protection status, can be found at this link.

Birds
• Yellow thornbill

• Brown thornbill

• Striated fieldwren

• Chestnut-rumped heathwren

• Mangrove gerygone

• Brown gerygone

• White-browed scrubwren

• Brown goshawk

• Grey goshawk

• Swamp harrier

• Black-shouldered kite

• White-bellied sea eagle

• Chestnut teal

• Grey teal

• Australasian shoveler

• Black swan

• Pacific black duck

• Hardhead

• Musk duck

• Australian wood duck

• Australian shelduck

• Australasian darter

• Oriental darter

• Great egret

• Cattle egret

• Intermediate egret

• Little egret

• White-faced heron

• Eastern reef egret

• Grey butcherbird

• Pied currawong

• Bush stone-curlew

• Black-faced cuckooshrike

• Double-banded plover

• Greater sand plover

• Pacific golden plover

• Grey plover

• White-throated treecreeper

• Bar-shouldered dove

• Dollarbird

• Australian raven

• Fan-tailed cuckoo

• Shining bronze cuckoo

• Spangled drongo

• Leaden flycatcher

• Grey fantail

• Willie wagtail

• Red-browed finch

• Australian hobby

• Peregrine falcon

• Sooty oystercatcher

• Australian pied oystercatcher

• Sacred kingfisher

• Welcome swallow

• Silver gull

• Little tern

• Crested tern

• Caspian tern

• Arctic tern

• Superb fairywren

• Variegated fairywren

• Southern emu-wren

• Eastern spinebill

• Little wattlebird

• White-fronted chat

• Brown honeyeater

• New Holland honeyeater

• Australian pipit

• Eurasian blackbird

• Grey shrike-thrush

• Rufous whistler

• Spotted pardalote

• Australian pelican

• Eastern yellow robin

• Little pied cormorant

• Little black cormorant

• Great cormorant

• Pied cormorant

• Stubble quail

• Hoary-headed grebe

• Blue-winged parrot

• Eastern rosella

• Crimson rosella

• Red-whiskered bulbul

• Lewin's rail

• Sharp-tailed sandpiper

• Curlew sandpiper

• Great knot

• Bar-tailed godwit

• Eastern curlew

• Little curlew

• Eurasian whimbrel

• Common greenshank

• Common starling

• Golden-headed cisticola

• Royal spoonbill

• Glossy ibis

• Australian white ibis

• Painted buttonquail

• Silvereye

• Whistling kite

• Striated heron

• Australian magpie

• Sulphur-crested cockatoo

• Galah

• Masked lapwing

• Mistletoebird

• Magpie-lark

• Restless flycatcher

• Kookaburra

• Kelp gull

• Yellow-faced honeyeater

• Lewin's honeyeater

• White-naped honeyeater

• Olive-backed oriole

• Golden whistler

• House sparrow

• Rose robin

• Tawny frogmouth

• Rainbow lorikeet

• Southern boobook

• Common myna

• Tawny grassbird

• Australian masked owl

• Brown quail

• Great crested grebe

• Australasian grebe

• Rock dove

• Brown cuckoo-dove

• Crested pigeon

• Spotted turtle dove

• White-throated needletail

• Little penguin

• Australasian bittern

• Nankeen night heron

Amphibians
• Green and golden bell frog

• Keferstein's tree frog

• Common eastern froglet

• Striped marsh frog

• Peron's tree frog

• Jervis Bay tree frog

Mammals
• Dingo

• Dog

• Fox

• Dugong

• Rabbit

• House mouse

• Brown rat

• Black rat

• Cat

• Common brushtail possum

• Grey-headed flying fox

• Lesser long-eared bat

• Greater broad-nosed bat

• Little forest bat

Reptiles
• Jacky lashtail

• Eastern snake-necked turtle

• Red-bellied black snake

• Eastern small-eyed snake

• Black-bellied swamp snake

• Dark-flecked garden sunskink

• Pale-flecked garden sunskink

• Yellow-bellied three-toed skink

• Eastern bluetongue

• Robust ctenotus

• Eastern water-skink

• Barred-sided skink

• Weasel skink

Plants
• Grey mangrove

• Sickle fern

• New Zealand spinach

• Parrot alstroemeria

• Fennel

• Moth vine

• Milk vine

• Common silkpod

• Fruit salad plant

• Arum lily

• English ivy

• Asparagus fern

• Bridal creeper

• Crofton weed

• Cobbler's pegs

• Boneseed

• Bitou bush

• Swamp oak

• Native wandering jew

• Tree broom-heath

• Coffee bush

• Wombat berry

• Port Jackson fig/rusty fig

• Cockspur thorn

• Muttonwood

• Swamp paperbark

• Broad-leaved paperbark

• Pixie caps

• Inkweed

• Sweet pittosporum

• Pampas grass

• Panic veldtgrass

• Rambling dock

• Coastal banksia

• Tuckeroo

• Slender grape

• Lantana

• Nightshade

• Black-berry

• Wild olive

• Samphire

• Magenta lilly pilly

Human effects
The ecosystem surrounding Towra Point has been impacted as a result of human interaction.

Positive effects
Humans can maximise the area of healthy, functioning intertidal wetlands by minimising their impacts and by developing management strategies that protect, and where possible rehabilitate these ecosystems at risk.

The following are positive ways of trying to protect or rehabilitate intertidal wetlands.
 * ExclusionThose responsible for the management of wetland areas often facilitate public access to a small, designated area while restricting access to other areas. Provision of defined boardwalks and walkways is a management strategy used to restrict access to vulnerable areas, as is the issuing of permits whilst visiting Towra Point Nature Reserve.
 * EducationIn the past, wetlands were regarded as waste-lands. Education campaigns have helped to change public perceptions and foster public support for the wetlands. Due to their location in the water catchment area, education programs need to teach about total catchment management programs. Educational programs include guided tours for the general public, school visits, media liaison, information centres, conference presentations, interpretive signage, publications and facts sheets. Staff should also include education officers.
 * Actiontoo little is known about the intertidal wetland system to successfully reinstate all natural conditions. Management plans focus on the rehabilitation of the site and the removal of human-induced stresses. For example, fox and rabbit baiting, removal of weeds (at Weedy Pond).
 * DesignDesign interventions have proved successful in minimising sources of natural stress. At Towra Point Beach, for example, there is a sandbag wall to help prevent salt water from leaking into the fresh-water Towra Lagoon.
 * LegislationLegislation and regulations are used to protect Towra Point Wetlands. Conventions that Australia has signed in regard to Towra Point Wetlands are the Ramsar Convention, the Japan–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement and the China–Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA). Legislation that Australia and New South Wales have passed in regard to Towra Point Wetlands are the Australian Wetlands Policy, the New South Wales Wetlands Management Policy (1996) and the State and Environmental Planning Policy 14 on Coastal Wetlands.

Negative effects

 * Changed wind patternsdue to high-rise near some wetland areas e.g. Bicentennial Park South, at Rockdale.
 * Alteration of water flowsthrough construction of roads.
 * Removal of resources for urban and industrial land usesThese also increase turbidity and toxins in the water supplied to mangroves. (The removal can also result in changed energy flows and nutrient cycles, affecting food chains for both sedentary and migratory fauna)
 * Replacement of wetland areasfor parks, playing fields or pasture.
 * Destruction of sea grassesin areas adjoining wetlands can affect energy flows and nutrient cycles as species levels will be affected.
 * Introduction of exotic speciese.g. foxes, rabbits, sheep, cattle, pigs. – change energy flows and nutrient cycles. Birds are particularly affected, for example the little tern.
 * Indirect influences from adjacent sitese.g. weed infestation (lantana – Towra Point) – carried into the wetlands by horses from the nearby stables.
 * Tramplingfrom illegal access
 * Threat of oil spillsKurnell Refinery near Towra Point, 31 oil spills between 1957 and 1987 averaging 49000 L.
 * Recreational horse ridingon the reserve and unsupervised recreational use of the reserve (e.g. dog walking)
 * Boatingdisturbs wildlife in the park, and creates pollution.
 * Fishingkills fish, which affects the food chains operating within the reserve.
 * Erosion of Towra Beachdue to wave refraction from the Sydney Airport runway which causes the freshwater Towra Point Lagoon to become saline
 * Fragmentation of the reserveby private land ownership
 * Bay developmentin general, including the Sydney Airport runway and the oil refinery. There have also been concerns that the Sydney Desalination Plant will impact negatively on the reserve.
 * Illegal rubbish dumpinghas occurred both in the reserve and near the entrance. In late 2004, a large amount of dumped asbestos was discovered.
 * Land destabilisationdue to extensive mining of the larger dunes on Towra Point during the twentieth century it has been suggested that if the site was ravaged by strong enough storms breaks in the point could occur and breach the gentle lagoons of Towra Point.
 * Runoffdue to most of the surrounding land being used for urban and industrial purposes. Stormwater from the Kurnell Refinery runs through the Ramsar-listed area of Towra Point Nature Reserve.
 * Subsidence near the walkway, subsidence has been recorded, which has encouraged the establishment of mangroves in the upper swamp.

Traditional
The traditional objectives for the management of wetland areas were built around the use of wetland resources for food, shelter and tools. Grey mangrove wood, for example, was used to make shields, shells were made into fishing hooks; and marine animals were used for food.

Contemporary

 * Identify management goals and objectivesToday management plans for wetlands focus on the preservation and sustainable use of sites for recreation, conservation and education purposes. This may involve some exclusion zones but many areas are open to recreational and educational activities.
 * Define management unit and boundariesThe "management unit" for many intertidal wetlands is often difficult to define because of the large number of stakeholders. For example, the Towra Point wetland has input from NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, NSW Fisheries, Sutherland Shire Council, Friends of Towra Point and recreational users.
 * Develop and implement management plansAn intertidal wetland is a dynamic system. As our knowledge of ecosystems has increased community attitudes have changed. Communities are now demanding that these ecosystems are protected and effectively managed.

Care has been taken to develop management plans that are both realistic and flexible. They need to take into account scientific and technological advances, changing social and political attitudes and variations in the level of funding. Management plans also need to be consistent with Australia's international obligations under JAMBA, CAMBA and Ramsar.

International environmental law
Ramsar Convention (1971), JAMBA (1981), Bonn Convention (1983), CAMBA (1988), ROKAMBA (2006), the Partnership for the Conservation of Migratory Waterbirds and the Sustainable Use of their Habitats in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (2006), Convention on Biological Diversity (1992).

Federal environmental law
As the Towra Point area is Ramsar listed, this attracts the operation of the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and regulations. Section 17B provides that a person is guilty of a criminal offence if (a) the person takes an action [see:s.523]; and (b) the action results or will result in a significant impact on the ecological character of a wetland; and (c) the wetland is a declared Ramsar wetland. Towra Point Nature Reserve is listed a component of Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia, a critically endangered ecological community under the EPBC Act.

State environmental law
In addition to land use planning law, the following Acts are applicable National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW), Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW), Fisheries Management Act 1994 (NSW), Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) and applicable SEPPs (e.g. State Environmental Planning Policy No 39—Spit Island Bird Habitat). Following a review, several SEPPs were repealed in favour of using Local Environmental Plans.

Towra Point Nature Reserve has been listed as being part of the Coastal Dune Littoral Rainforest ecological community, an endangered ecological community under the TSC Act.

title: Towra Point Nature Reserve


text:
User talk:Jakubz

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!--Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 05:43, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Jakubz