text:
Talk:Hunter-killer

(Subs)
Hunter-killer submarines are denoted SSK by the United States Navy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by The Epopt (talk • contribs) 15:37, 18 July 2005

Removing Al-Khalid tank reference from "Teams"
An Al-Khalid by itself isn't a "team," and "The Pakistani Al-Khalid or the MBT 2000 carries this ability as well." doesn't make much sense in this context. I think the original intent was that the Al-Khalid could take fire missions from whatever BMP-derivatives Pakistan uses, but that could be said of any MBT in radio communication with an IFV/APC. I don't know if IFV/Al-Khalid teams are doctrinal like M2/M1 teams are or F-4G/F-16C teams were, and at any rate, no 'team' is suggested. --The Centipede 03:47, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Rework
The accompanying main-namespace page starts out, as a good article should, with a one-sentence dictdef. It follows it with a compound sentence: a simple-sentence usage note, and a mention of one example of that usage. Then the lead section ends. In fact, unlike in a good article, the topic specified is not a thing, but, explicitly, a term; sadly, as a term it is not encyclopedic, so the other material is worthless for an encyclopedia. And the lack of coherence of the rest of the page clarifies that The page is IMO not worthy of deletion. But its content cannot remain as a single page. I see two possibly stub-worthy 'graphs, and the one which i consider most likely to survive deletion will get the history of the existing page. (The other will get a lk to that history, for the sake of GFDL compliance.) The rest of the content will probably be discarded or end up as entries on lists, whose deletion processes, if any, i intend to ignore. --Jerzy•t 05:57, 24 October 2009 (UTC)
 * except as a term, there is no topic, and the remaining sections are all either
 * further dictdefs, lists of usages, or single items for such a list, or article stubs on different topics related to various things called hunter-killers.

Rework details
The entry, under the former section "Teams", reading
 * * one or more antisubmarine aircraft carriers and a number of escort vessels whose primary mission is to detect and destroy submarines

is simply not an example of a hunter component teamed with a killer one; it's just a discussion of one aspect of what i think is called a carrier battle group, which includes vessels that each do both. What was in the section "In music" is now covered in corresponding entries on the Dab Hunter-killer, or of course in the articles they link to. What was in the section "Teams", but not mentioned above, is covered at List of types of hunter-killer team What was in the section "In fiction" is covered at List of fictional "hunter-killer" references  The "See also" is discarded: it merely lk'd to Anti-satellite weapon which makes no mention of any sense of the term. The only compliant link in the HatNote

is subsumed into the Dab; the specific lk to the MQ-9 Reaper used as an example in the lead is obviated by the general one unmanned combat air vehicle from the Aircraft section. . I could not find an article or section suitable for a Dab entry replacing the clueless section "Submarines" (which seems confused about how "hunter-killer" can imply division of labor when placed before "team" yet the opposite as a noun or before nouns other than team); i created the rd lk hunter-killer submarine accompanied by a lame but perhaps barely acceptable blue link to make a classic red/blue-pair entry. Despite my suspicion of adding graphics to lists, i moved the dramatically illustrative sniper-team photo to the above mentioned team list, and adapter its former caption as an additional bullet point. The "Armoured fighting vehicles" secn's 1st 'graph is the h-k-sight material, the substantial core that IMO deserves to carry the edit history with it, and remains verbatim. Its other graph is move to its own (perhaps deletable) stub, Hunter-killer armored-vehicle team; i've changed the spelling since the vehicles cited are American. I retain on this talk page that 'graph's final sentence:
 * It is an old but faithful battle plan that goes back as far as there has been organised warfare, and is highly effective.

That could be the germ of a real article on the concept of h-k teams, if fleshed out by discussion of how cavalry has differed over the millenia, the saddle, evolution of the stirrup, i know not what. But i am not going to be the one to create a one-sentence stub, that i can't carry further, on this subject. --Jerzy•t 12:00, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Redlink songs
The songs in question are not singles, they are simply tracks on the albums. There will never be enough information to EVER create a page for them. I understand the red link lets people know we have no specific information on the song, I can see your point (but I don't fully agree) that we are wasting peoples time linking to the album page, perhaps it would be more appropriate to link to the artists page? It may give people an idea on why said band would write a song like that. I also feel the information would look better if it was listed as it was previously, aren't red links supposed to let us know what pages need creating, not let us know we won't have enough information on certain things? Here is one of countless examples where songs are listed in this format: Change of Heart. Freikorp (talk) 00:03, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

Specialist unit in the RTS gamee
Specialist unit f Arctiic (talk) 03:41, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

Oops, accidentally published from my mobile. I meant to say {Specialized Hydralisk (Zerg) unit in the RTS game "Star Craft: Brood Wars"} Arctiic (talk) 03:44, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hunter-killer


text: Category:Songs written by Bart Howard

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Songs written by Bart Howard


text:
Musa II of Mali

Musa II was mansa of the Mali Empire from 1374 to 1387.

Musa II took the throne following the death of his father, Mansa Mari Diata II. He turned away from the tyrannical practices of his father, but was dominated by a powerful vizier named Mari Djata. During his reign the eastern provinces centered around Gao began to split off from the empire. Upon his death, he was succeeded by his brother Maghan II.

title: Musa II of Mali


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hjo3.net

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 12:13, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Hjo3.net
Delete Does not establish notability. Does not meet the requirements in Category:Bloggers for includable blogs. Icelight 15:39, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - even with 653 Google hits, this blog remains not notable in my opinion JoJan 18:42, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Many of those hits are also for various forum accounts etc. with the same name. And an Alexa rank of 1,554,779. Erm... --Icelight 19:15, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete because it is just about a personal blogger. — Stevey7788 (talk) 21:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable blog. Dcarrano 17:20, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Darnytskyi District

Historical info
I've dug around and found some historical info on the official raion page here: http://darnitca.sit-ua.com/herb.htm. It's in Ukrainian. -- mno 15:41, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Darnytskyi District


text:
Front loop

Front loop is the name given to a trick performed by a windsurfer (also known as a forward loop) whereby the rider performs a jump from a wave face and forces the sail, board and rider to perform a forward somersault in one motion. In its basic form, the rider's hands maintain their position on the boom and the rider's feet maintain their position on the board. Some consider the forward loop to be one of the harder intermediate moves to learn as it goes against most learned reactions whilst sailing.

Physics
The rotational motion occurs when the center of resistance is removed by jumping the board off the water and the center of effort of the sail has been moved forward of the system's center of mass

Initiation
Front loops may be initiated, unhooked, from close-hauled through broad-reach points of sail, with ease of initiation often determined by wave-face rather than wind direction.

To properly position the center of effort, the rider typically moves their body from a windward sailing position to a position toward the back and centerline of the board. The forward leg will often be straightened—the rear leg bent. To achieve this position, the sail will have been sheeted out slightly during the motion. The rider's rear hand will often move further back on the boom to assist in proper placement of center of effort and sheeting-in later.

Next, the board is jumped from the water, by straightening the rear leg, with the nose of the board commonly 45 degrees higher than the tail as it leaves the water. To assist rotation, and depending upon the desired initiation time of the rotation of the loop, the board may be carved (turned) downwind as it is jumped, and the bottom surface may be tilted about a longitudinal axis to expose it to the wind.

To prepare for maximum speed of rotation, the rider next moves the center of effort of the sail as far away from their center of mass as possible. Starting with the sail held close to the body, the sail is moved (in its current plane) to windward until the forward arm is extended. This motion is most easily accomplished prior to sheeting-in. For maximum extension, the torso may be arched toward the mast as well.

When the rider wishes to initiate center of effort rotation, the sail is sheeted in. Some feel that looking at the clew at this point assists rotation.

Variations
The axis of rotation determines whether the maneuver is a forward-loop, spin-loop, or cheese-roll. Other variations depend upon the "ramp" from which the rider performs the maneuver, with large wave faces allowing double or triple-loops and accomplished "loopers" performing spin-loops off of flat water.

A double forward is an innovation of this move, it involves two full rotations of board and sail in the air.

Variations include:
 * Forward loop—same as front loop
 * Double loop
 * Triple loop
 * Spin loop
 * Flat-water loop
 * Cheese roll
 * Wymaroo
 * Front loop off the lip
 * Front loop hooked in
 * Front loop one footed
 * Table top into forward

Risks
Learning to do a front loop may have more perceived than actual risks. With the axis of rotation nearly vertical, the rider's hands remaining on the boom, and the board heading downwind at initiation, there is little danger of landing on the equipment. While learning, it is possible to tear top monofilm panels of a sail without X-Ply if the front of the mast drives hard into the water during the rotation.

Landing incorrectly from higher loops can break the board in half. Sailers who do not angle the sail enough for the rotation could lands on their side and could blow out their ear drum.

History
The double forward was made famous by Robert Teriitehau and perfected by Ricardo Campello. It is now a commonly performed move in competition.

title: Front loop


text: Category:Pork

title: Category:Pork


text:
Talk:Bad Boy (Larry Williams song)

Current text is only ""Bad Boy" is a Beatles B-Side." It would be nice to know a bit more about it. jglc | t | c 15:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Added some info. Could probably find more if I looked it up. - Gabriel Perlmutter, 21 July 2005

The Rolling Stones have a song "She Said Yeah" with the writers Sonny Christy/Roddy Jackson. The Link from the Rolling Stones album GRRR! go to this article. Here is said the song "Bad Boy" was covert by The Rolling Stones. But in this article is the author of the song Larry Williams. If it is realy the same song, why two different names "Bad Boy" and "She Said Yeah" and two different writers? Kerish (talk) 13:29, 24 July 2013 (UTC)
 * O.K. sorry "She Said Yeah" was the B side. Kerish (talk) 13:31, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bad Boy (Larry Williams song)


text:
List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon

The following is a partial list of institutions and individuals who are notable and active in the art scene of Portland, Oregon.

Museums

 * Museum of Contemporary Craft - Closed in 2016
 * Portland Art Museum

Colleges and universities with art programs and or major exhibition programs

 * George Fox University
 * Lewis & Clark College
 * Linfield University
 * Northwest Film Center
 * Pacific Northwest College of Art
 * Portland State University
 * Reed College Cooley Gallery

Nonprofit or alternative spaces and other institutions

 * Disjecta
 * Imago Theatre
 * Interstate Firehouse Cultural Center
 * Oregon Biennial
 * Portland Documentary and Experimental Film Festival
 * Portland Institute for Contemporary Art
 * Portland Museum of Modern Art
 * Powell's Books Basil Hallward Gallery
 * Project Grow
 * Regional Arts & Culture Council
 * Yale Union

Publications/BLOGs

 * The Bear Deluxe — art, literature, and environmental magazine
 * The Oregonian — daily newspaper of record containing some arts coverage
 * PLAZM — art and design magazine
 * PORT — dedicated visual art blog with daily art news, interviews and reviews
 * The Portland Mercury — weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage
 * Portland Tribune — twice-weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage
 * Willamette Week — weekly newspaper containing some arts coverage

Curators, critics & writers

 * Gordon Gilkey
 * Jeff Jahn
 * Kristan Kennedy
 * Mack McFarland
 * Cris Moss
 * Jenene Nagy
 * Jonathan Raymond
 * Matthew Stadler
 * Libby Werbel

Artists

 * Cedar Lee (born 1981)
 * Brad Adkins (born 1973)
 * Dan Attoe (born 1975)
 * Damali Ayo (born 1972)
 * Lance Bangs (born 1972)
 * Becca Bernstein (born 1977)
 * Trevor Chowning (born 1972)
 * Bruce Conkle
 * Tom Cramer
 * Jen Delos Reyes
 * Richard Diebenkorn (1922-1993)
 * Carson Ellis (born 1975)
 * Harrell Fletcher (born 1967)
 * Laura Fritz
 * Matt Groening (born 1954)
 * MK Guth (born 1963)
 * Sally Haley (1908-2007)
 * Susan J. Harlan (born 1950)
 * Todd Haynes (born 1961)
 * Sean Healy
 * Jessica Jackson Hutchins (born 1971)
 * Jennifer Jako (born 1973)
 * Aaron Flint Jamison (born 1979)
 * Chris Johanson (born 1968)
 * Maude Kerns (1876-1965)
 * Les McClaine (born 1977)
 * Mack McFarland
 * Matt McCormick (born 1972)
 * Carl Morris (1911-1993)
 * TJ Norris (born 1965)
 * Andy Paiko (born 1977)
 * Red 76
 * Wendy Red Star (born 1981)
 * Jim Riswold (born 1957)
 * Stephanie Robison (born 1976)
 * Patrick Rock (born 1951)
 * Mark Rothko (1903-1970)
 * Craig Thompson (born 1975)
 * Gus Van Sant (born 1952)
 * Marie Watt (born 1967)
 * Minor White (1908-1976)
 * Jim Warren (born 1949)
 * Phyllis Yes (born 1941)

Architects

 * Pietro Belluschi (1899-1994)
 * Brad Cloepfil (born 1956)
 * John Yeon (1910-1994)


text:
Maghan II

Maghan II was a mansa of the Mali Empire from 1387 to 1389. He was the son of Mansa Mari Diata II and the brother of Mansa Musa II.

Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun records that Maghan II succeeded his brother to the throne in 1387, but reigned for only two years before his throne was usurped by Sandaki in 1389. He claims that Maghan was assassinated, but oral histories maintain that he fled to the upper Niger river region, establishing the Hamana banch of the Keita clan.

title: Maghan II


text: File:Touched by the Crimson King.jpg

title: File:Touched by the Crimson King.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David W. Broder

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 02:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

David W. Broder
Supposedly about a member of a British marxist group, but googling for "David W. Broder" +Communist or "David W. Broder" "Red Party" gets no hits. Non-verifiable, non-notable. Meelar (talk) 15:45, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, being a member of a political party is not notable in any way, even if there were any proof at all that he was that. Dcarrano 16:58, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No verifiable evidence presented as to membership and indication of notability of membership. Being a member of a political party is not an indication of notability- I can claim that. Holding an important position in the party such as leadership or being an elected representative is. Capitalistroadster 17:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - NN JoJan 18:44, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete possible hoax. — Stevey7788 (talk) 21:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Googling for "David Broder Red Party" or "David Broder Workers' Liberty" results in numerous hits

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
FMRFamide

FMRFamide (H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) is a neuropeptide from a broad family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) all sharing an -RFamide sequence at their C-terminus. First identified in Hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), it is thought to play an important role in cardiac activity regulation. Several FMRFamide related peptides are known, regulating various cellular functions and possessing pharmacological actions, such as anti-opiate effects. In Mercenaria mercenaria, FMRFamide has been isolated and demonstrated to increase both the force and frequency of the heartbeat through a biochemical pathway that is thought to involve the increase of cytoplasmic cAMP in the ventricular region.

FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in several phyla such as Insecta, Nematoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. It is the most abundant neuropeptide in endocrine cells of insect alimentary tracts along with allatostatin and tachykinin families, however the neuropeptide’s function is not known. Generally, the neuropeptide is encoded by several genes such as flp-1 through flp-22 in C. elegans. The common precursor of the FaRPs is modified to yield many different neuropeptides all having the same FMRFamide sequence. Moreover, these peptides are not functionally redundant.

In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are known to affect heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behaviour and reproduction. In vertebrates such as mice, they are known to affect opioid receptors resulting in elicitation of naloxone-sensitive antinociception and reduction of morphine-induced antinociception.

Detection of this neuropeptide is important because its expression lays down the foundation of the CNS in the early stages of development in invertebrates. In recent years, neuromodulatory actions of FMRFamide in invertebrates have become more apparent. This is, in part, due to the extensive studies done on the Planorbid and Lymnaeid families of pond snails.

title: FMRFamide


text:
Talk:Clay

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 9 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): HannahWV. Peer reviewers: Yunxin Song.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:48, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Identification section
This section is frankly terrible and I'd suggest simply deleting it, it's hard to even tell what it's supposed to be about. Is it about identifying if something is a clay or identifying the particular mineral composition? — Preceding unsigned comment added by AngryZinogre (talk • contribs) 04:57, 8 October 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree that this section needs work, however I would not suggest deleting it altogether. Perhaps it would be worthwhile to change the name to "characteristics of clay" and break it down into physical and chemical properties. Physical properties such as grain size are discussed previously in the article and could be expanded on here, and chemical properties such as ion exchange are not discussed at all, but are important to add. --HannahWV (talk) 22:45, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

why is clay slippery
I think I read that clay is slippery as a result of aluminum hydroxide gels like those described at wikipedia yet theres also a colloidal goop explanation.

Old text
I am not good at editing the main page stuff. But though i should add that Montmorillonite clay is the most common member of the smectite clay family. Montmorillonite is generally referred to as “nanoclay”. It is also the most common material used in plastic nanocomposites. Nanoclay: a clay from the smectite family. Smectites have a unique morphology, featuring one dimension in the nanometer range. Think of them like a deck of cards. They are relatively long and wide compared to their height. If you were to spread them out equally three dimensionally you have reached optimization for most uses. While looking at the spaced out cards one dimension makes them almost impossible to see, yet their effects are extreme. It is currently being use by many companies for various uses. Example companies are Bayer AG, Nanocor, PolyOne, Honeywell, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, etc. Everyone keeps hearing about nanotechnology, especially about carbon nano-tubes. Nanoclays have made just as much of an impact already but dont have the following.

Text which was added by anonymous user User:68.120.90.223 should be either removed or modified heavily. It definitely has something which is worth keeping but it also contains childish nonsenses like "clay is soil found in water" etc. This article should begin with geological explanation/definition and it is not what clay is technically, it is what clay actually is. Siim 19:34, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Message from Professor Tropf of Cal State Northridge
The Wikipedia Help Desk has received a message from Professor Tropf of Cal State Northbridge. Apparently, he tried to rewrite the article to include the use of clay in art. I quote from his e-mail: I tried to amend the article with a paragraph on the use of clay as an artistic medium, but it was removed. Why was my plain-language addition to a highly technical article removed? How can I write a plain-language explanation of what "clay" is and have it posted on Wikipedia?

I suspect that he was the anonymous user referred to above.

I will seek further information from him and see if we can we develop a compromise. Capitalistroadster 04:17, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

I re-inserted the edit mentioned as a start for a new subsection. The info is good, with some tweaks. I was previously pondering how to make it fit when another editor removed it. The added section probably needs some tuning for better flow. Vsmith 04:53, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

Professor Tropf has e-mailed that he has edited the article which currently appears as the introduction. His text is:

"Clay is a generic name for a number of different types of soils found in or near water. Clay is denser and heavier than most other types of earth. Naturally high in water content, clay is malleable and can be easily shaped by the hands.  When dried in the sun it becomes harder, but sun-dried clay will break or crumble over time.  Clay can be hardened permanently by heating it in a special oven called a “kiln,” which provides more intense heat, even temperature and faster drying time. The process of hardening clay in a kiln is called “firing.”  Clay is found in a variety of colors from gray to reddish orange, but during or after the firing process a clay object can be painted or glazed."

Capitalistroadster 17:11, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The good prof. needs to read the article, the info is already there - as I mentioned above. Vsmith 17:21, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

I'd like to say "thank you" to the editors of wikipedia and V. Smith, who have helped me create a much better article on the subject of clay. I ask my freshmen-level students to select a work of art and write a research paper on how that artwork was created. Those who choose a ceramic artwork have had a very difficult time finding information on clay as an artistic medium. The original wikipedia article was full of highly technical terms, with no common language explanation for beginners. Now we have an article that can be understood by an undergraduate student with no experience in science, but still includes informaton for advanced scholars.

Ralph Tropf, MFA Cal State Northridge

 * Thanks, we may have some misunderstandings, but we try :-). My apologies for the confusion. I have moved your note to the bottom of the page as is the custom for Wikipedia talk pages, new comments at the end. Your edit improved the article - feel free to edit more (that's what it's all about), your expertise is welcome. If you have questions or concerns just ask on the relevant talk page - or ask on my talk page. Vsmith 00:45, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Firing?
Can someone explain what happens to clay as it is fired? I suspect the silicate drys out, then welds to itself, but that seems like it would only happen in a narrow temperature range (lest the piece melt). Any ideas> —BenFrantzDale 13:20, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * On the principle of "better late than never", see sintering.--Slashme 13:01, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

clay in solution
Okay, so I have a question and an idea. How did people, and how do people, make high quality pure clay for firing in a kiln from clay that probably has silt, sand and organic matter in it?

Well, I have an idea. In soils we learned that clay particles will remain in suspension after two hours, at which time the silt and sand will have dropped out. So assuming that usable firing clay needs only have silt and sand removed, one could get a canister of muddy water, let it sit for two hours and then siphon off as much water as possible without disturbing the silt and sand at the bottom. Then that water, once evaporated, would yeild very nearly 100% clay, right? I just don't know if 100% clay is what the "clay" we used in grade school to make ash trays is.

Also, should this neat little link on making clay to paint with be on the external links on the main page? I'm ages five and up... http://americanhistory.si.edu/kids/santos/TryItWaterBasedPaints.html

 * Clay will precipitate from a suspension made with hot water, too, after I freeze it. I wonder what's left in solution? As in, would that "filtrate of freezing" support an algae bloom if I seeded it with a Tsp. from my aquarium. Calcium and Silicate are major components of clay, but I suspect that organic contaminants and phosphate give it much character. Don't ask me how I know. It's Irish intuition confirmed by the similar smell of wet perlite. Silt is biologically active, black clay to me, something like I would find in the filter for my aquarium or a jar of Marmite :-| "Pure" clay? That's probably like weak whiskey. I'm pretty sure that clay contains a lot of lime water and dissolved glass, but I don't think it would be clay without the carbon and carbonate. BrewJay (talk) 07:56, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Definition or decription
Hello Ballista, I reverted your edit back to my earlier because:

1) You stated Clay is a sedimentary deposit, however some primary deposits are found

2) You stated hydrous silicate mineral, where as clay is not one mineral but a group of minerals and include, for example, halloysite, kaolinite and montmorillionite

Best regards, Andy

Would just like to point out that primary clay does not necessarily = Kaolins. Kaolins are clay minerals that are formed by the breakdown of feldspar. Formation of kaolin/ china clay is often associated with the degredation of feldspar found in basic igneous rocks such as gabbro and granite. Whilst deposits of Kaolin would probably be primary, it is possible to get primary clays that are not kaolin. A primary clay merely refers to a clay deposit that is found where it was formed. For example clay formed from mudstones could be considered primary, providing it hadn't undergone any form of transportation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bbbill123 (talk • contribs) 20:45, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

standards
More reference to standards, and keeping clear the difference to the standards; USDA vs BS5930 80.229.47.244 15:57, 25 June 2007 (UTC)jago25_98

Removing useful text
Hi. I just found bit of guidance from Wikipeida itself: "Deleting useful content. A piece of content may be written poorly, yet still have a purpose. Consider what a sentence or paragraph tries to say. Clarify it instead of throwing it away." This is pretty much what I have been saying all along. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.153.65.237 (talk) 21:37, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * To which content are you refering, please? Zue Jay (talk)  02:37, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Zuejay, this anon editor can't be bothered to a) sign up in Wiki, or b) source his edits which were mostly redundant. I think "what I have been saying all along" refers to his discussion at User:Basartalk which was a little bit dismissive on anon's part (especially since he spent more time arguing than it would take to pull out a book and source his edits). I don't see what the argument was about, nothing of much value was removed in the first place. I just pulled whatever minimal, non-repetitive information was there into a more concise description which I hope can be improved on without just reverting to an old edit by the anon user. I'm trying to find my books on stratigraphy and sedimentation, minerology, and a decent reference in "Petrology" (Ehlers/Blatt) to back up what I have written. Drillerguy 16:13, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Anon users please sign up
It would really be helpful if anon users who want to add constructively to this topic would create user names on wiki. I just had an anon user remove an easily sourced edit (which I reverted and sourced with a widely distributed and authoritative geologic text) for some reason which I can't fathom. Not quite vandalism because, true my edit wasn't sourced initially and the user had the courtesy to comment at least to their rationale, but my edit was easily verified and following the link to either bauxite or aluminum would have backed up the sentence. Bottom line is, this is a very important topic in the earth sciences. It is only a matter of time before editors from the geology project, soil project and civil engineering project start adding to this article. Anyone who is now anon and wants to contribute should not feel bad when editors from these projects revert unsourced content.Drillerguy 15:10, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Geologic Origin here?

 * Would the details of the geologic origin of the clay minerals be better placed in that article, rather than this more general one? Vsmith 16:09, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's a fair question. There is a little bit of disambiguation which has to happen first. F'rinstance, is this article synonymous with "clay deposits"? Even if it is, I think it is tough to talk about "clay deposits" without going into what exactly they are composed of at least in a general sense. My first inclination is to describe first "clay" with the mindset that the averge Josephine Blow is looking for in depth information about what they - in everyday experience - know as "clay". That would have to include what "clay" is composed of re minerals, the types of clays, and how those clays and clay minerals occur in large enough volume to form recognizable "clay deposits". Then go on to the significance of "clay". I think it is important to note that clay as a natural material is mined for many uses, both for it's physical properties (ceramics, building materials, drilling fluids, etc.) but also for it's chemical properties (aluminum ore, etc.). We haven't even touched the surface of clay in geologic or geotechnical engineering perspective (fat clays, lean clays, organic clays, swelling clays, etc.).Drillerguy 19:33, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Clay - only "clay minerals" not particle size?
Anonomyous user 86.154.127.142, citing no sources, and adding no further description of what clay IS, claims (in his comment reverting my and Vsmith's edits) that laterites, which are combinations of gibbsite (a chemically weathered product of the widely recognized clay mineral kaolinite), along with concentrations of residual clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite and other clay mineral sized crystals are not "clay". Well, that might be true, but I have sourced what I have written and this user can't be bothered to do the same. Nor can they be bothered to sign up an account with Wikipedia. I will track down more sources and add citations for what I write to this article. If anon user 86.154.127.142 continues to revert without citing sources I will start to flag those edits as vandalism. Drillerguy 20:19, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh how very nice. Threats simply because I point out, correctly, that gibbsite is not a clay mineral. Welcome to the strange world of Wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.154.127.142 (talk) 20:27, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I will concede that I am 100% wrong if 86.154.127, whatever that entity may be, will add constructive comment to the page including citations. If you are right 86.154.127.142, that will be simple for you, and a big ole win in your column; you can lift your fingers from the keyboard satisfied that you rule. On the other hand, maybe it escaped notice that I didn't revert my own edits, only those "hopefully" uncontroversial edits of VSmith which followed. I invite you to discuss here, please do.  Drillerguy 04:35, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It is a pleasant change that you "invite" to discussions as to date you have been less than welcoming, although comments such as refering to me as an "entity" and suggesting "can lift your fingers from the keyboard satisfied that you rule" does rather counter this suggestion. I have no interest in a "big ole win" and certainly not in a discussion with someone with your apparent appalling attitude to others. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.154.127.142 (talk) 05:30, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * This is an article about "clay". "Clay" it is not a synonym for "clay minerals". Likewise, the description of clay minerals on wikipedia is not sufficiently inclusive, why don't you add your insight there (with references and citations of course)? Is it overly simplistic to call "clay" whatever it is that you yourself have not bothered to characterize? Please cite a reference of what a clay mineral is or is not. Please cite a reference of what a clay deposit is and what it is not. Your opinion, like mine, is worthless without a reference to back it up, all else is indeed dross. In the past, I invited you several times to cite references, not once have you done so. This isn't a personal contest even if you think it is on your end. Bring a reference to the table and make the article better by it's inclusion. If you can't cite references than your content isn't worth much. If I "warned" you, it was merely to say that the attitude of willy-nilly editing this article without references will not last long.  That goes for my edits too. Drillerguy 06:51, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Clay is a confusing term because it has multiple meanings, clay in terms of grain size is picked up on in the original article, even in this clay is confusing, different scientists have different definitions on what size a clay particle is depending on the standards used by their area of science.  Clay may also be used to describe a sediment for example London Clay or Bothkennar Clay. These materials these are normally defined as having more than 50% clay minerals when wet. Finally clay minerals such as kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite can informally be called clays. Clay minerals are often smaller than 1 micron but they can be larger in this case a material called a clay on the basis of mineralogy is not a clay on the grain size. This can work the other way glacial rock flour formed as rocks are crushed by the action of ice can contain material which is clay in terms of grain size but not clay in terms of the mineral present. This confusion is leading to scientists using clay to describe minerals and mud/mudstone to discribe sediments. The problem of clay being used to discribe minerals and clay being used to discribe grain size has yet to be resolved
 * References:
 * Potter, P. E., Maynard, J. B., and Depetris P. J., 2005, Mud and Mudstones, Introduction And Overview. Springer. p297.
 * Reeves, G.M., Sims, I., and Cripps, J.C., 2006, Clay Materials Used In Construction, The Geological Society London, Engineering Group Special Publication, 21, p. 525.

 * Gibbsite is formed from the alteration of a number of aluminum rich minerals (normally feldspar or nepheline) by intense chemical weathering. It may turn into kaolin by silicification. It is not a clay mineral, it is a hydroxide however it is often considered a clay in terms of crystal size.
 * (Gribble, C. D., and Hall, A. J., 2001, Optical Mineralogy Principles and Practice, UCL Press, p. 303.)

From a pottery point of veiw, clay is made of sediments (of particle size <0.002mm) together with clay minerals, which are themselves aluminas or silicates, chemically bonded with water. these clay minerals have a crystalline structure. It is the clay minerals, rather than the sediment component, that give wet clay its plasticty, and cause it to shrink as it dries.
 * Rye, O.S 1981. Pottery technology: Principles and Function, Washington:Taraxacum p.16 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bbbill123 (talk • contribs) 20:00, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

Clay Societies
This section is the stubbiest part of the article. Once cleaned up, the section should be moved to clay minerals. -- Paleorthid (talk) 18:27, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

report on clay
↔♣m³m²#clay is made out of fine-grained minerals and is dug out of earth in large clumps. Lcay is formed over long periods of weathering of rocks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.87.235.174 (talk) 00:03, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Ceramic material
I have removed the category 'ceramic material' for the simply reason clay is not. It can however be a ceramic raw material. This is a very, very important difference. Ceramic materials are just that: ceramic. These are man-made materials which during their formation have been subject to high temperatures to impart permanent chemical and physical changes. Whereas 'ceramic raw materials' are those materials used at the start of this process: they are the pre-cursor materials. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.54.238.178 (talk) 02:59, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Re-added category. Clay is a material used in ceramics. Raw or otherwise, so the category applies. Vsmith (talk) 03:04, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * But it is incorrect! Lumping ceramic materials (which are made-made) and ceramic raw materials (very nearly always naturally occuring rocks & minerals) together is not only wrong but highly confusing. No college course, book or article on the subject ever does this. Why not simply have another category? In addition to 'Ceramic material' for such as stoneware, cordierite etc have and 'Ceramic raw materials' for such as clay, feldspar etc. Not only would this be correct but would help ensure no confusion with readers: and if Wikipedia is not here to inform correctly then what is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.54.238.178 (talk) 04:08, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

"Clay, being relatively impermeable to water"
The above is somewhat misleading. When dry and placed in water, clay will change from being a solid mass into a slurry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.154.42.131 (talk) 04:10, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 11:52, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:37, 28 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Saponite Tailings, Lomonosov Deposit .png

Being Picky: What does Boggs say, exactly, about shale?
The article states, "Clay is a very common substance. Shale, formed largely from clay, is the most common sedimentary rock" referencing Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Boggs, 2006, 4th Edition, p. 140. If anyone has access to that edition, I'd appreciate a confirmation that the reference statres shale is the most common. I borrowed from Boulder's CU library Boggs 2012 5th edition (the closest they had to the 4th) and found these quotes which come close but none of which quite say that shale is the most common...

"Mudstones and shales are abundant in sedimentary successions, making up roughly 50 percent of all the sedimentary rocks in the geologic record." p. 118

"Origin and Occurrence of Mudstones and Shales: ... The fine-grained siliciclastic products of weathering greatly exeed coarser particles; thus, fine sediment is abundant in many sedimentary systems. Because fine sediment is so abundant... mudstondes and shales are by far the most abundant type of sedimentary rock. They make up roughly 50 percent of the total sedimentary rock record. ... Nearly pure shale units hundreds of meters thick also occur." p. 122

BTW, at Glacier National Park, the shale deposits there are much thicker. After taking a Geological Society of America's 2016 Glacier Nat'l Park field trip with a dozen geologists, referring now to an online post I wrote at the time, one deposit in the park is of 30,000 foot thick thin-layered rippled slate. That's a lot more than hundreds of meters. And our guide, a local expert and professional geologist, would only quantify the massive mud deposits there as "off the scale".

Anyway, Boggs p. 122 continues, "A few shales (and mudstones)... are particularly well known owing to their thickness [though Boggs gives no range], widespread areal extent... include... the Devonian-Mississippian Chattanooga Shale and equivalent formations that cover much of North America and whose widespread extent is still poorly explained..."

So again, if anyone can confirm that Shale is the most common, per Boggs or other source, thanks! Bob Enyart, Denver KGOV radio host (talk) 21:15, 5 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Part of the problem is a lack of consensus, until recently, on what "shale" actually means. In his 4th edition, Boggs expresses the view that "shale" is a perfectly good term for any kind of mudrock, and if that's the definition, it's doubtless the most common sedimentary rock. It sounds like by the 5th edition, he was coming around to regarding shale as being a particular subtype of mudrock. If you can look at your borrowed copy, it would be very helpful to know what definition of shale he uses now and what distinction he now draws between shale and mudrock.
 * Prothero and Schwab regard shale as any laminated mudrock. Folk (much earlier) made it laminated claystone, which is slightly more restrictive -- but I suspect most laminated mudrock is claystone so it may be a minor point.
 * We note in the article that "shale" is still widely used as essentially a synonym for mudrock, which I think is still supportable. It is mudrock, not shale in the narrower sense, that we have good sourcing as the most common sedimentary rock. What would be ideal would be if we could find good sourcing on how much mudrock is shale in the narrow sense. We could then say something like "mudrock is the most common sedimentary rock, making up X% of all sedimentary rock " (per just about any good reference, and some give the necessary percentage) and "shale makes up X% of all mudrock". But I haven't been able to find good sourcing for the percentage of mudrock that is shale -- I couldn't even tell you if it is 10%, half, or 90%. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 22:19, 5 August 2021 (UTC)
 * On reflection -- since this is the "Clay" article and not the "Shale" article, the real question is whether clay-rich mudrock (claystone and mudstone, whether laminated or not) is the most common sedimentary rock. I think yes, but I agree the sourcing is not entirely solid. There is sourcing for the statement that siltstone is an unsual (therefore uncommon?) mudrock, which implies clay-rich mudrock (which would be everything but siltstone) makes up most mudrock, but that comes close to an impermissible synthesis. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 22:24, 5 August 2021 (UTC)
 * On yet further reflection -- "Mudstones and shales are abundant in sedimentary successions, making up roughly 50 percent of all the sedimentary rocks in the geologic record." p. 118 Both mudstones and shales are clay-rich. So I think tweaking the lead to more closely reflect this from Boggs may be the right solution. The point, after all, is to emphasize how common clay is. However, that's from 5th edition, so we'd have to update all the Boggs references to the newer edition to avoid a Boggs versus Boggs problem in sourcing. --Kent G. Budge (talk) 22:28, 5 August 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:43, 26 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Saponite Tailings, Lomonosov Deposit .png

Why people eat clay ?
people eat clay because of cravings and when they smell wet soil after raining the crave for clay. 41.114.144.52 (talk) 18:45, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clay


text:
Category:Slovak artists

See also Hungarian artists.

title: Category:Slovak artists


text:
Canton, Cardiff

Canton (Treganna) is an inner-city district and community in the west of Cardiff, capital of Wales, lying 2 mi west of the city's civic centre. It is located adjacent to Pontcanna. Canton is one of the most ethnically diverse of Cardiff's suburbs, with a significant Pakistani and Indian population. The total population of Canton increased to 14,304 at the 2011 census. It is also the most Welsh-speaking district of central Cardiff, with 19.1% of the population speaking Welsh.

Description
The main road through the district is Cowbridge Road East, a busy thoroughfare with many shops and cafes as well as pubs and restaurants and independent retailers. This is known locally as "The Strip". Canton is home to Thompson's Park, Victoria Park, and Sanatorium Park, to the education centre Llanover Hall, and to the Chapter Arts Centre, which is housed in the former buildings of Canton High School.

Though the area has strong working-class roots, many artists and young professionals have found the proximity to the city centre and the number of arts venues and pubs an attraction, which has resulted in gentrification and a bohemian feel.

Name
The name (from "St. Canna's Town") refers to the 6th-century female saint after whom Pontcanna is also named. Canton, also known as Treganna (tref town + Saint Canna), was a 13th-century manor in Llandaff. It became part of Cardiff in 1875.

Middle Ages
Canton, or Treganna in the Welsh language, was formed around a 13th-century Manor in Cardiff and assumed lands from nearby Llandaff parish under the stewardship of an Earl (or Baron) de Kanetune, although today the manor comes under the jurisdiction of the Manor of Llandaff. It is believed that Canton is named after Saint Canna, the holy matron in the Celtic age of Saints, and Canna herself is reputed to have been a relative of King Arthur.

In 1215, a parishioner called Lucia de Kanetune is recorded as occupying a field ‘near the Earl's wall’. In 1230, a man named as Walter de Canetune is named in the Cardiff charter, and signed the charter, obviously as a resident of quite high status. In 1262, a doctor or ‘Physicus’ called Nicholas de Kanetone gave evidence in a legal dispute between the Abbeys of Margam and St. Peter's, Gloucester. In 1290, Richard de Canetone is recorded as a witness on the new Cardiff charter. Also in 1290 (Cartae 1 page 294) records:

 * “John, son of Robert de Landaf, granting to Milo de Regny a rent of sixpence arising out of three acres of land with the appurtenances, which John de Lake, formerly bailiff of la Lekwiffe, had of my fee under Kanetone, in Sudcrofte. As also one penny rent from John, son of John Godman of Kaerdif, for three other acres in the same Sudcrofte under Kanetone." (Richard de Kaneton was also one of the witnesses to this charter.)

A medieval market
From around 1250, for several hundred years Canton Cross was the site of the largest and most significant trading market in the South Wales area. The market was open daily except Sundays on the extensive Canton common lands at the junction where Llandaff Road and Leckwith Road now cross Cowbridge Road East, opposite where the Canton Cross Vaults public house still stands.

Goods, including all manner of fresh food stuffs, live animals and household items were brought from all over Cardiff and the South Wales Valleys to be traded at the market. Items that were to be exported were then transported or herded to the docks at Cardiff, Penarth and Swanbridge. Imports of fresh foods and tradeable goods were also brought to the market from those ports.

In the year 1450, stewardship of the Manor of Caneton is recorded as having been granted to Sir David ap Mathew, Lord of Llandaff manor but a resident of Radyr.

19th and 20th centuries
In 1853 St. Johns, Canton was completed and opened as a local chapel annexe of nearby Llandaff Cathedral. From around 1840, Halket Street, Canton, became home to many Irish families, indeed Canton was the recognised centre of Cardiff's increasing Irish community, most of whom were fleeing the potato famines in their own country and seeking work and housing in the ports of Liverpool and Cardiff. In 1870 the large Atlas Engineering works was built in Canton and opened its doors, creating many new skilled jobs in the area.

The independent hamlet of Canton was incorporated as a district of the City of Cardiff by charter in 1875. Included in Canton was Pwll-coch, which had previously been considered part of Ely.

In 1899, the Manor House was recorded as still standing, on the west side of Canton Common, but it was in a poor condition and in danger of falling down. At that time it was under the occupation of a Mr Richard Williams, but there is no record of when the Manor House was eventually demolished.

The extensive common lands at Ely Common were already in the process of being converted into a municipal recreation ground called Victoria Park and new housing by the city council in 1899. The market near Canton Cross, which by then had wound down to a weekly cattle market, had been relocated to lands that now house Cantonian High School in adjacent Fairwater. The market yard and rows of stables would be full of the farmers’ carts and traps from all over the Vale of Glamorgan. The market dealt with sheep and pigs as well as cattle and the market buildings also included a slaughterhouse, so the animals could be butchered on site ready for transporting to the many butchers shops all over Cardiff. The market's tram depot and stabling was also next to Severn Road Council School, trams ran on rails with overhead electric power from the depot and Victoria Park to the city centre and on to other locations in Cardiff from 1902, until they were replaced by Cardiff's electric trolleybuses in 1950. The traditional Canton Cross common land now has Cardiff City FC's Cardiff City Stadium football ground and Cardiff International Sports Stadium built on it, with the last remnant of the medieval market represented only by Bessemer Road fruit market. In recent years many commercial car dealerships have moved into the area.

21st century
In 2016, work started to redevelop the old Arjo Wiggins Teape Paper Mill site adjoining Sanatorium Park, on the other side of the mainline railway. Eight hundred houses were expected to be completed, with the 'urban village' being marketed as The Mill.

Transport
The main road running through the heart of Canton is Cowbridge Road East, which is served by many bus services. The following bus services all run through Canton:

Provided by New Adventure Travel:
 * C1: Culverhouse Cross (Tesco) to Pontprennau (Asda) via Canton, Cardiff city centre, Albany Road and Pentwyn

Provided by Cardiff Bus:
 * 1: City Circle via Cardiff Bay, Canton, Heath Hospital, Roath and Splott
 * 2: City Circle via Splott, Roath, Heath Hospital, Canton and Cardiff Bay
 * 12: Leckwith Retail Park to Drope via Canton and Cowbridge Road West
 * 13: City Centre to Drope via Canton and Ely
 * 15: City Centre to Heath Hospital via Caerau/Ely
 * 17: City Centre to Caerau/Ely via Canton
 * 18: City Centre to Ely/Caerau via Canton
 * 32: City Centre to St Fagans via Canton and Fairwater
 * 64: City Centre to St Mellons via Canton, Fairwater, Pentrebane, Danescourt, Llandaff, Whitchurch, Heath Hospital, Cyncoed and St Mellons/Llanrumney
 * 65: City Centre to St Mellons via Canton, Fairwater, Pentrebane, Danescourt, Llandaff, Whitchurch, Heath Hospital, Cyncoed and Llanrumney/St Mellons
 * 66: City Centre to Danescourt via Canton and Llandaff

Cowbridge Road East links the area with Culverhouse Cross, Ely, Caerau, Cardiff and Fairwater to the west and the city centre to the east.

Canton is served by Waun-Gron Park railway station in the west and Ninian Park railway station in south which are both on the Cardiff City Line between Central and Radyr railway stations.

Cardiff Canton TMD is home to the main depot of Transport for Wales.

Welsh language
In the 2011 census it was recorded that 2,625 or 19.1% of Canton residents (over 3 years old) could speak Welsh. This was an increase on the figures for the 2001 census, which were 1,964 and 15.6%. Canton has two Welsh-medium primary schools, Ysgol Gymraeg Pwll Coch and Ysgol Gymraeg Treganna, and one Welsh-language place of worship: Salem (Presbyterian Church of Wales) on Market Road (founded 1856, current building built in 1910). The current Cardiff Chinese Christian Church on Llandaff Road was originally a Welsh-language Baptist chapel (opened 1853), but the language of the services was changed to English in the late nineteenth century.

Education
Schools include Lansdowne Primary School, Radnor Primary School, St Mary's Primary, Ysgol Gymraeg Pwll Coch, Ysgol Gymraeg Treganna, and Fitzalan High School. It also has the large Canton Library.

Sport
Canton Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the district of Canton, Cardiff, South Wales (established 1877). The club play their home games at Lawrenny Avenue, off Leckwith Road, Cardiff. It is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder for the Cardiff Blues. Canton RFC was founded and commenced playing in 1876 and was one of three clubs that founded the Cardiff & District Union. Only Canton RFC remain from the three teams that played within the Canton boundary during this time. The original ground was located at Alexandra Park, using the Boar's Head as the club headquarters (both on Leckwith Road). The teams of the 1880s provided a steady supply of players to Cardiff RFC, some of whom gained international caps for Wales.

Canton Rangers Football Club formerly known as Canton & Riverside and formed by cousins Mauro Caresimo and Vito Valluzzi, now in its 20th anniversary is Affiliated to the South Wales Football Association since 1999. The FAW Silver accredited club operates Mini, Junior, Youth and Senior football teams from Under 5s through to Adults who play their games in the Cardiff and District Football League. The club also operates a Senior men's team who play in the South Wales Alliance Division. The club has won a number of League and Cup competitions across a range of different age groups. In May 2015 the club won the Welsh Community Football Award for Club of the Year for South Wales, then winning FAW Community Club of the year for Wales in May 2016.

Canton Liberal also reside from the Canton Area. The Liberal's were formed in 2006 and are affiliated to the South Wales Football Association. The Club since their formation have risen through the welsh pyramid system. The Senior 1st Team sit one promotion away from the Newly Formed Welsh Football League and play their home games at the Cardiff International Sports Campus as the host community club associated with the facility. The Senior Reserve side play their games within the Cardiff & District Football League.

Government
Canton is both an electoral ward, and a community of the City of Cardiff. There is no community council for the area. The electoral ward of Canton is located in the constituency of Cardiff West. It is bounded by Fairwater and Llandaff to the north; Riverside and Grangetown to the east; the Vale of Glamorgan to the south; and Caerau and Ely to the west.

Canton Ward is represented by three County Councillors on Cardiff County Council. Since Cardiff became a unitary authority in 1996 Canton has been represented by Labour Councillors. Currently they are Stephen Cunnah, Susan Elsmore and Jasmin Chowdhury. They hold an advice surgery every other Saturday morning (except in August) at Canton Library, Library Street from 10.00 - 11.00am.

Notable people

 * Charlotte Church, singer, resident of Canton.
 * Frederick Charles Davies, half-mile world champion runner better known as ‘Tenby Davies’, lived at Preswylfa Street.
 * Ryan Giggs, former Manchester United F.C. footballer, Welsh capped international footballer.
 * James Childs Gould Industrialist and Member of Parliament for Cardiff Central, 1918-1924.

title: Canton, Cardiff


text:
Kilwa District, Lindi

Kilwa District (Wilaya ya Kilwa in Swahili) is one of six administrative districts of Lindi Region in Tanzania. The District covers an area of 15,000 km2. The district is comparable in size to the land area of the nation state of East Timor. Kilwa district is bordered to the north by Rufiji District in Pwani Region, to the east by the Indian Ocean, to the south by the Lindi District, Nachingwea District together with Ruangwa District, and to the west by the Liwale District. The district borders every other district in Lindi Region except Lindi Municipal District. The district seat (capital) is the town of Kilwa Masoko. The district is named after the medieval Swahili city state of Kilwa Kisiwani. According to the 2012 census, the district has a total population of 190,744. By 2022, the population had increased to 297,676.

History
The area that is now Kilwa district has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. The area is the ancestral home to Four Bantu people groups, namely the Mwera people and the Matumbi people together with the Machinga people later Shiraz. The Matumbi being historically the majority native group inhabiting the most land in the district. They are the natives of the entire central and northern Kilwa district and Kilwa's islands. The Machinga people are native to the south eastern section of the district to the border with Lindi District. The Mwera inhabit the south west part of the district.The Shiraz people inhabit central coast mainly Kilwa kisiwani,Songo mnara and Pande Division.

The Four tribes became swahilized in the 9th century with the arrival of Islam in the region transforming the region to its being one of the wealthiest Swahili city states on the continent by the 14th century. Kilwa district is known globally for its Middle Ages Swahili historical sites from Middle Ages on the islands Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara which are part of the seven Tanzanian World Heritage Site.

The Swahili city-state of Kilwa was once the greatest Swahili port city that met an unfortunate end on July 1505 when the Portuguese burned and looted the city. In the 1866 the area of what is now Kilwa district was occupied by Germans who established their headquarters at Kilwa Kivinje and used it as a base to quell the Maji Maji rebellion that was based on the Matumbi Hills north of the Kilwa district.

In 1918 when Tanganyika became a British protectorate, Kilwa Masoko was chosen as it is the district seat and they built a deepwater port to assist with their commercial vessels. To this day Kilwa Masoko remains the capital of Kilwa district. During the British occupiation the district was one of six councils established in 1947 in lindi region. Post independence, in 1984 Kilwa was officially designated as a district council.

Geography
Kilwa district is the second largest district in Lindi region. It has a total area of 13.347.50 square kilometers, of which 12,126 square kilometers is land and 1,221.25 square kilometers is water. Kilwa district has 5 Islands, with the largest one being Kilwa Kisiwani. The other islands in the Kilwa archipelago are [Kati Island] and Songo Mnara Island. In addition, the Songosongo Islands archipelago is composed of 21 coral reefs including the 4 coral islands. The four Islands in the archipelago are Fanjove, Nyuni Island, Songo Songo and Okuza Island. Kilwa District is home to Pindiro Forest Reserve where albino hippopotamuses have been observed.

The soil structure of Kilwa district is of low fertility is mostly made of well-drained, low-moisture retaining sedimentary sandstone. The Matandu River is the largest river running west to east of Kilwa district. The other rivers found in the district are the Mbwemkuru River, Matandu River and the Mavuji River. There is also a cave system in Kipatimu ward, the Nan'goma Cave. The cave system is located in the Matumbi Highlands which are shared between Kilwa District and Rufiji District in Pwani Region.

The climate of Kilwa District is a tropical Savannah climate with an average annual temperature range of 22 degree Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius. The annual precipitation is between 800 and 1400 millimeters per year. The north of the district being far wetter than the south with the former receiving an annual rainfall of 1000 to 1400mm. The latter receives around 800 to 1400 mm per year.

Demographics
According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Kilwa District was 190,744. of which 91,661 were male and 99,083 were female. Most residents of Kilwa district practice Sunni Islam. In Lindi Region, Kilwa district has the average highest household size of 4.4. As mentioned in the history section of this article Kilwa district is the ancestral home of the Mwera, Matumbi and Machinga Shira. Most of the population has been Swahilized and speak Swahili as their first language and practice Swahili culture. However, many elderly and people living in rural areas speak their native languages.

Economy
The main economic activity in Kilwa district is subsistence agriculture and fishing using traditional hand tools in small farmsteads and fishing villages. The main crops grown for local consumptions includes, cassava, maize, sorghum and African rice. High yield rice is grown along the Matandu river valley and upland rice is grown in Chumo and Kipatimu wards in northern Kilwa district. Cash crops grown for export include Sesame from Nanjirinji ward and Oranges and Coconut plantations in the Matumbi hill valleys in Kipatimu ward. Due to Tsetse fly, livestock rearing is restricted on the west part of Kilwa district.

Fishing plays a big role in the economic activities of Kilwa district. 4.5 million tons of fish are harvested annually with over 1700 registered fishermen using 600 vessels in the district. Songas company has begun extracting the natural gas field underlying the Songo Songo Island in Kilwa with the gas being piped to Dar es Salaam to generate electricity, and continuing efforts to locate hydrocarbon reserves (oil and/or gas) along structural trends around the Songo Songo group at least as far north as the island of Nyuni. The western frontier of the district is part of the Nyerere National Park. this park is home to wildlife such as the Big five game.

Administrative subdivisions
As of 2012, Kilwa District was administratively divided into 21 wards.

Wards

 * 1) Chumo
 * 2) Kandawale
 * 3) Kinjumbi
 * 4) Kikole
 * 5) Kipatimu
 * 6) Kiranjeranje
 * 7) Kilwa Kivinje

 * 1) Lihimalyao
 * 2) Likawage
 * 3) Mandawa
 * 4) Kilwa Masoko
 * 5) Miguruwe
 * 6) Mingumbi
 * 7) Miteja

 * 1) Mitole
 * 2) Nanjirinji
 * 3) Njinjo
 * 4) Pande Mikoma
 * 5) Songosongo
 * 6) Tingi
 * 7) Kibata

Education & Health
As of February 2017, there were 140 Schools in Kilwa district, 113 of are primary schools and 27 are secondary schools. Intotal there were 52,127 registered primary students and 5,906 registered secondary students.

In Terms of Healthcare facilities, as of 2021 Kilwa district is home to 55 health centers namely; 2 hospitals (including Kilwa District hospital in Kivinje), 48 clinics and 14 clinics currently under construction.

title: Kilwa District, Lindi


text:
Eugene C. Pulliam

Eugene Collins Pulliam (May 3, 1889 – June 23, 1975) was an American newspaper publisher and businessman who was the founder and president of Central Newspapers Inc., a media holding company. During his sixty-three years as a newspaper publisher, Pulliam acquired forty-six newspapers across the United States. Major holdings of Central Newspapers, which he founded in 1934, included the Indianapolis Star, the Indianapolis News, the Arizona Republic, and the Phoenix Gazette, as well as newspapers in smaller cities in Indiana, Arizona, and other states. Pulliam's early career included work as a reporter for the Kansas City Star and as editor and publisher of the Atchison (Kansas) Daily Champion. Prior to 1960 Pulliam also operated radio stations WAOV and WIRE in Indiana and KTAR in Arizona. The Kansas native, a graduate from DePauw University in 1910, founded the DePauw Daily, an independent student newspaper, and in 1909 was one of ten DePauw students who cofounded Sigma Delta Chi, a journalism fraternity that was later renamed the Society of Professional Journalists. In August 2000, the Gannett Company acquired Central Newspapers for US$2.6 billion, with the Eugene C. Pulliam Trust as the principal beneficiary of the sale.

Well known as a political conservative, Pulliam was a delegate to the Republican national convention in 1952 that named General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the Republican Party's presidential nominee. Pulliam was also an outspoken advocate of freedom of the press. Pulliam wrote and published "Window on the Right," a syndicated domestic-affairs column during the 1960s; wrote The Unchanging Responsibility of the American Newspaper in a Changing Society (1970); The People and the Press: Partners for Freedom (1965), coauthored with Frederic S. Marquardt; and South America, Land of the Future, Jewel of the Past (1951), coauthored with his wife, Nina Mason Pulliam. Pulliam was the father of newspaper publisher Eugene Smith Pulliam; Martha Corinne (Pulliam) Quayle, the mother of Dan Quayle, the 44th Vice President of the United States; and Helen Suzanne (Pulliam) Murphy. He was a trustee of DePauw University, a three-term member the Associated Press's board of directors, and a member of New York Central Railroad's board of directors, as well as a founder of the Phoenix Zoo.

Early life and education
Pulliam was born on May 3, 1889, in a sod dugout house at Ulysses in Grant County, Kansas, to Martha Ellen (Collins) and Reverend Irvin Brown Pulliam, who was a Methodist missionary sent to establish church congregations in the frontier towns of western Kansas. The Pulliam family moved frequently and Eugene grew up in a variety of prairie towns. He got his first taste of the newspaper business as a six-year-old boy selling newspapers in Chanute, Kansas.

Pulliam entered DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, in 1906. While a student at DePauw, Pulliam was a campus correspondent for the Indianapolis Star, a member of the Psi Phi chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and founder of the DePauw Daily, an independent student newspaper. He was also a cofounder, in 1909, with nine other students at DePauw of Sigma Delta Chi, a journalism fraternity that was later renamed the Society of Professional Journalists. Pulliam graduated from DePauw in 1910. Later in life he served for thirty-two years as a member of DePauw's board of trustees and also chaired a committee that had a monument erected outside of DePauw's East College to commemorate the founding of Sigma Delta Chi.

Marriage and family
Eugene C. Pulliam married Myrta Smith, a former college classmate, in 1912. Their son, Eugene S. Pulliam, was born on September 7, 1914, and joined the family business in 1935 as director of WIRE, an Indianapolis radio station his father owned at that time. Myrta (Smith) Pulliam died in 1917. Eugene Smith Pulliam died on January 20, 1999.

Eugene C. Pulliam married Martha Ott (1891–1991) of Franklin, Indiana, in 1919; they divorced in 1941. Eugene and Martha Pulliam were the parents of two daughters, Martha Corinne Pulliam, who later married James Cline Quayle, and Helen Suzanne Pulliam, who later married William Murphy. Martha (Ott) Pulliam, a graduate of Franklin College, was publisher of the Lebanon (Indiana) Reporter from the early 1940s to December 1990. She died in 1991. James and Martha C. (Pulliam) Quayle were the parents of Dan Quayle (Eugene C. Pulliam's grandson), who served as the 44th Vice President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

Following his divorce from Martha (Ott) Pulliam in 1941 Eugene C. Pulliam married Nina G. Mason (1906–1997). During their thirty-four-year marriage, which ended upon his death in 1975, Nina (Mason) Pulliam served as secretary-treasurer and a board member of Central Newspapers, Inc., the holding company that Eugene Pulliam founded in 1934. Eugene and Nina Pulliam also traveled extensively, including a twenty-two-nation tour in 1947. During their extended trips they filed reports of their experiences, which were published in the Pulliam newspapers. They also coauthored South America, Land of the Future, Jewel of the Past (1951). Nina (Mason) Pulliam died on March 26, 1997.

Early career
After graduating from DePauw University in 1910, Pulliam moved to Atchison, Kansas, where he began working at the Atchison Daily Champion. A few months later, he received a job to become a reporter at the Kansas City Star, at that time the largest newspaper in the lower Midwest, and moved to Kansas City. In 1912, at the age of twenty-three, Pulliam returned to Atchison to become the editor and publisher of the Daily Champion. He is believed to have been one of the youngest newspaper editors in the United States at that time. With financial backing from his first wife's family, Pulliam purchased the Daily Champion, which was the first of forty-six newspapers he eventually owned. In 1915, Pulliam sold the Daily Champion and bought the Franklin (Indiana) Star. In 1923, he sold the Franklin Star and purchased the Lebanon (Indiana) Reporter.

Publisher
After moving to Oklahoma in 1929, Pulliam bought six newspapers and established the Oklahoma Newspapers, Inc. During the Great Depression, Pulliam operated twenty-three newspapers and in 1930 became president of Vincennes Newspapers, the predecessor to Central Newspapers, Inc., a holding company he formed in 1934. During his sixty-three years as a newspaper publisher, Pulliam operated forth-six newspapers. He subsequently expanded his holdings through acquisitions of newspapers in the eastern United States (in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania), in the southeast (in North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida), and in the Midwest (in Indiana and Kentucky). Central Newspapers holdings included newspaper outlets in several Indiana cities and in Arizona. As president of Central Newspapers, Inc., Pulliam's publishing holdings came to include the Franklin (Indiana) Evening Star; the Lebanon Reporter; the Indianapolis Star, which he acquired in 1944; the Muncie Star; the Arizona Republic and its one-time rival the Phoenix Gazette, both of which were purchased in 1946; the Indianapolis News, acquired in 1948; and the Huntington Herald-Press.

Other business interests
Prior to 1960, Pulliam was head of radio stations WAOV and WIRE in Indiana and KTAR in Arizona. He also served three successive terms as a member of the Associated Press’s board of directors, from 1961 to 1969, as well as a vice president of the organization. In addition, Pulliam was a major stockholder of the New York Central Railroad, becoming a director of the railroad company in 1954.

Political supporter
Pulliam was an active supporter of General Dwight D. Eisenhower's bid for U.S. president and served as a delegate to the 1952 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, where General Eisenhower was named the Republican Party's presidential nominee. However, Pulliam was less willing to endorse Barry Goldwater's candidacy against President Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential race. Well known as a political conservative, Pulliam also wrote and published a syndicated domestic-affairs column called "Window on the Right" during the 1960s. In addition, Pulliam was an outspoken advocate of freedom of the press.

Death and legacy
Pulliam died after suffering a heart attack at his retirement home in Phoenix, Arizona, on June 23, 1975, at the age of eighty-six. His remains are interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Lebanon, Indiana.

Over a career that spanned six decades, Pulliam either owned or operated forty-six newspapers in the United States. At the time of his death, Pulliam was publisher of The Arizona Republic, the Phoenix Gazette, and owner of the Indianapolis Star, the  Indianapolis News, the Muncie Star, the  Muncie Press, and the Vincennes Sun Commercial.

Nina (Mason) Pulliam, his widow, became president of Central Newspapers, retaining the office until 1979. She also served from 1975 to 1978 as the publisher of the Arizona Republic and the Phoenix Gazette. She stepped down as publisher of the two Arizona newspapers in 1978 and retired from Central Newspapers in 1979 at the age of seventy-three. Eugene C. and Nina Mason Pulliam were also among the founders of the Phoenix Zoo.

Pulliam's son, Eugene S. Pulliam, took over as publisher of the Indianapolis Star and the Indianapolis News, the Central Newspapers company's two major newspapers in Indianapolis. In 1975, the Indianapolis Star won a Pulitzer Prize for its series on police corruption, with Eugene C. Pulliam's granddaughter, Myrta Pulliam, as a contributor. In 1991 the  Indianapolis Star won another Pulitzer Prize for its investigation of medical malpractice in Indiana.

On August 1, 2000, the Gannett acquired Central Newspapers, Inc., for $2.6 billion. The Eugene C. Pulliam Trust, which owned 78 percent of the company's stock, was the principal beneficiary of the transaction. As a condition of his will, Pulliam had ordered that the trust could not sell the corporation unless it was "seriously threatened" by a "substantially complete loss" of value. In a somewhat controversial move the trustees interpreted this clause loosely and declared that the merger would be the only way to prevent the corporation from suffering a long-term loss of value.

Honors and awards

 * Received honorary degrees from Wabash College, Indiana University, Huntington College, Franklin College, Indiana Technical College, Vincennes University, Arizona State University, Baker University, and Norwich University.
 * Elected an honorary president of the national Sigma Delta Chi journalism society in 1959; named a Sigma Delta Chi fellow in 1967; awarded the Wells Key, Sigma Delta Chi's highest honor for members, in 1969.
 * Named an honorary member of the International Printing Pressmen and Assistants Union of North America in 1965.
 * Named a trustee of William Allen White Foundation at the University of Kansas in 1966.
 * Inducted into the Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame in 1966.
 * Received the John Peter Zenger Award for Press Freedom from the University of Arizona in 1965.
 * Received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1968.
 * The Eugene C. Pulliam Fellowship for Editorial Writing, a program of the Sigma Delta Chi Foundation, was introduced in 1977 with funding from his widow, Nina Pulliam, to provide an annual cash award (US$75,000 in 2019) to editorial writers and columnists working at a news publication in the United States.
 * Inducted into DePauw University's Media Hall of Fame in 1995, along with his son.

Selected published works

 * South America, Land of the Future, Jewel of the Past (1951).
 * The People and the Press: Partners for Freedom (1965), coauthored with Frederic S. Marquardt
 * The Unchanging Responsibility of the American Newspaper in a Changing Society (1970)

title: Eugene C. Pulliam


text:
Sandaki (mansa)

Mansa Sandaki or Sandaki Mari Djata, also known as Sandiki or Santigi, was a mansa of the Mali Empire from 1389 to 1390.

As Sandaki of Musa II
During the reign of Mansa Musa II (1374-1387), the empire was run by the court's sandaki ("high counselor"). Sandaki Mari Djata, who had no relation to the famous founder of the same name, proved an apt if not ruthless leader. He launched a military campaign to put down rebellions in the eastern section of the empire that met with mixed results. At the same time, he imprisoned the mansa for attempting to take back his authority.

Usurpation of Maghan II
When Mansa Musa II died in 1387, the throne went to his brother Maghan II (1387-1389). Sandaki Mari Djata refused to give up power and killed him. From 1389 to 1390, Sandaka Mari Djata ruled Mali as the second of two non-Keita monarchs in the empire's history.

Regicide
The last brother of Musa II, Mahmud killed Sandaki Mari Djata in 1390. He became mansa that same year, restoring the Keita dynasty back to the throne.

title: Sandaki (mansa)


text:
Ricardo Asch

Ricardo Hector Asch (born 26 October 1947) is an obstetrician, gynecologist, and endocrinologist. He worked with reproductive technology and pioneered gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), as well as working on research linking fertility and marijuana usage, and investigated the use of GnRH analogues with Andrew Schally. In the mid-1990s he was accused of transferring ova harvested from women into other patients without proper consent at the University of California, Irvine's fertility clinic. Asch left the United States one year before a federal indictment was filed. He was tried and acquitted of all charges in Argentina in 2008. In 2011 Mexico denied an extradition request by the United States as it would constitute double jeopardy and no new evidence was brought forth. He is currently living in Mexico City.

Education and early career
Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Asch studied at the University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine graduating in 1971. In 1975 he moved to the United States and worked with Robert Benjamin Greenblatt at the Medical College of Georgia before his reproductive endocrinology fellowship at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Among his many publications were his pioneering experience with GIFT and research on oocyte donation. In 1986 he joined the University of California, Irvine (UCI). In 1990 he became the Director of the Center for Reproductive Health of UCI heading the infertility program. Asch was named Assistant Dean of outreach at UCI, in charge of overseeing recruitment of minority students, the same year. He lectured worldwide and accrued two honorary professorships by 1994.

UC Irvine fertility scandal
In 1995, the Orange County Register broke the story that Asch—then Chief of the University of California, Irvine's Center for Reproductive Health—and his two partners were accused of transferring women's eggs harvested from women into other patients without their permission. These eggs were fertilized and the resulting embryos transferred to these other women, some of them then conceiving. At least 15 live births resulted from the alleged practice. At that time, the misappropriation of human eggs was not legally considered a crime. However, numerous civil lawsuits were filed, and UCI paid out more than $27 million to settle patient claims. Asch disagreed with the settlements because they did not allow him to prove his innocence or repair his reputation. Auditors from KPMG Peat Marwick investigated the clinic and found that almost $1 million in income at the clinic had not been reported.

Asch was defended by students, and colleagues, including Robert Edwards, who accused the media of convicting him before he was charged.

The Orange County Register's investigations into these practices led to that paper's receiving the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting.

In 2006, university officials admitted to the Los Angeles Times that they had not notified at least 20 women whose eggs were allegedly used by Asch and his colleagues.

Aftermath
Asch and colleagues Jose Balmaceda and Sergio Stone were indicted on charges of mail fraud and income tax evasion. Asch suspended his practice, sold his properties, and left for Mexico. Balmaceda escaped to Chile, while Stone stayed in the US and was convicted of insurance fraud in 1997 and paid a fine. In January 1996, Asch testified at a deposition in Tijuana that university employees were responsible for errors that had occurred such as mismatching patients and failing to obtain patient consents.

Asch later opened a practice in Mexico and later in Argentina. He was formally fired by the university in 2000. He attained a Mexican citizenship in 2001 in addition to his native Argentine citizenship.

Extradition efforts and acquittal
In 2004 Asch was arrested in Buenos Aires. He was tried in Argentina and in 2008 was acquitted of all charges.

Asch was arrested again in Mexico in November 2010. On December 30, 2010, the Mexican Attorney's General Office (PGR) announced on its website that it had initiated proceedings to have Asch extradited to the United States. However, Asch was released on bail in early 2011. Subsequently, the judge ruled that as Asch had already been tried in Argentina and acquitted, and as no new evidence was provided, the "double jeopardy" rule applied, thus Asch was free and would not be extradited to the United States.

Research
Asch worked with reproductive technology and pioneered gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), a technique in which eggs are removed from a woman's ovaries, and placed in one of the Fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. He also worked on research linking marijuana and other drugs to hormone production, ovary function, and the effect on testicles in primates, and the possible negative effects of the usage of neuroactive drugs during adolescence and puberty. Asch worked with Andrew Schally understanding the effects of the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in infertility and contraception in primates. In 1999 he worked on methods for giving birth to a healthy baby in couples with one HIV+ partner.

According to Scopus, Asch has an h-index of 46, and over 6700 citations, which would place him in the top 1% of researchers by citations in the Essential Science Indicators.

Awards and other activities
Asch, who owned an entertainment company at the time of the scandal, was one of the producers of the Andre Agassi and Nick Bollettieri instructional tennis video Attack.

title: Ricardo Asch


text:
Trevor Morgan (actor)

Trevor John Morgan (born November 26, 1986) is an American actor. He has appeared in the films Genius, The Sixth Sense, The Patriot, A Rumor of Angels, Jurassic Park III, The Glass House, Chasing 3000, Mean Creek, Barney's Great Adventure (based on the popular children's television series), Local Color, Family Plan, and Uncle Nino.

Early life
Morgan was born in Chicago He has three older half siblings and a younger brother, actor Joey Morgan, who died in 2021. His parents are Lisa Morgan and Joe Borrasso of MbM Studios, a talent development and production company. When Morgan was five, the family relocated to Orange County, California, where Trevor appeared in various commercials. In 1997, the family moved to Los Angeles, California, so that he could pursue an acting career.

Career
Morgan first appeared in several commercials for McDonald's and Cheerios and was featured on a Life cereal box. He got his first break as Alec Mackenzie in the feature film Family Plan, which led him to appear in Barney's Great Adventure. Morgan was given the lead role of Duke Cooper in I'll Remember April. His co-star Haley Joel Osment was given the lead role of Cole Sear in The Sixth Sense, while Morgan played Cole's nemesis, a pretentious young actor. After the success of The Sixth Sense, I'll Remember April was rushed to video due to Osment's role as Pee Wee Clayton. Morgan's picture was replaced by Osment's on the box for marketing purposes.

Actor/director Mel Gibson, who was looking for several child actors to play his seven children in The Patriot, saw Morgan and asked him to audition for the movie. Morgan landed the role, playing son Nathan Martin. He went on to appear in Jurassic Park III and The Glass House (2001). Among his other credits are Empire Falls, Mean Creek, Off the Black and Local Color, and the baseball flick Chasing 3000.

Morgan appeared on the NBC series ER, where he played cancer victim Scotty Anspaugh for five episodes. For this role he garnered a 1998 SAG Award along with the main cast members of the show. He also appeared on Touched by an Angel. Additional television credits include Genius (Disney Telefilms), In the Dog House (Viacom/Showtime), Fire Co. 132 (20th Century Fox), Missing Persons (ABC), and The Offspring music video for "Kristy, Are You Doing Okay?" (as a young Dexter Holland).

title: Trevor Morgan (actor)


text: User talk:217.44.138.172

title: User talk:217.44.138.172


text:
Grigoraș Dinicu

Grigoraș Ionică Dinicu (April 3, 1889 – March 28, 1949) was a Romanian violin virtuoso and composer of Roma ethnicity. He is most famous for his often-played virtuoso violin showpiece "Hora staccato" (1906) and for making popular the tune Ciocârlia, composed by his grandfather Angheluș Dinicu for "nai" (the Romanian pan flute). It is rumored that Jascha Heifetz once said that Grigoraș Dinicu was the greatest violinist he had ever heard. In the 1930s he was involved in the political movement of the Romanian Roma and was made honorary president of the "General Union of the Romanian Roma". Other well known compositions are: Hora mărțișorului (Mărțișor, literally "little March", is a major Romanian seasonal holiday on March 1), Ceasornicul (The Clock) and Căruța poștei (The Post Wagon).

Early life and education
He was born in Bucharest, in the neighborhood of the lăutari named Scaune (Chairs). Because his father was busy with his activity as a lăutar, he handed him over to "moș Zamfir", an old violinist, who taught him the first tunes. He attended the Bucharest Conservatory, where he studied with Dumitru Georgescu-Kiriac. The most famous of his teachers was Carl Flesch, the violin pedagogue, with whom he studied in 1902. He received a scholarship at the Vienna Conservatory, but he was not allowed to go there because he was Romani, an episode that he never forgot.

Career
After graduation he played violin with the Orchestra of the Ministry of Public Instruction, and also performed as a soloist. Hora staccato dates from the beginning of this period; he wrote it as a graduation exercise. For forty years, from 1906 until 1946, he directed popular music concerts. He also toured abroad as a soloist and conductor, and he also played a great deal of light music in nightclubs, hotels, restaurants, and cafés in Bucharest and throughout Western Europe.

His music is mostly for violin and piano, though some pieces (such as Hora staccato) have later been arranged for other combinations of instruments (for example, trumpet and piano, as well as violin and orchestra and a popular arrangement by Russian mandolin virtuoso Dave Apollon).

He died in Bucharest on March 28, 1949, of laryngeal cancer.

Miscellanea
The jazz manouche violinist Stéphane Grappelli was a great admirer of Dinicu and of the way that the violin was played in the lăutarească music. A nice compilation of his violin artistry was issued by the Romanian state record company Electrecord EPE 01491 (LP) in the early 1960s. On it he may be heard playing his original version of Hora Staccato.

title: Grigoraș Dinicu


text: Category:Slovak art

title: Category:Slovak art


text:
East Sydney

East Sydney may refer to:

 * Eastern Suburbs (Sydney)
 * East Sydney (locality)
 * Division of East Sydney
 * Electoral district of East Sydney
 * East Sydney Australian Football Club

title: East Sydney