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Auregnais

Auregnais, Aoeur'gnaeux, or Aurignais was the Norman dialect of the Channel Island of Alderney (Aurigny, Auregnais: aoeur'gny or auregny). It was closely related to the Guernésiais (Guernsey), Jèrriais (Jersey), and Sercquiais (Sark) dialects of the neighbouring islands, as well as continental Norman on the European mainland.

The dialect became extinct in the 20th century. Only a few examples of Auregnais survived, mostly in place names in Alderney, and one audio recording is known to exist.

History
The last known native speaker of Auregnais died around 1960. Linguist Frank Le Maistre, author of the Dictionnaire Jersiais-Français, recorded the only known audio samples of the language, which he published in 1982. It is likely that the last rememberer died in the early 2020s.

One reason for the extinction of the language was movement of the population. In particular, the influx of labourers from the United Kingdom employed by the British government in the construction of the abortive harbour project and other fortifications (during the reign of Queen Victoria), as well as the stationing of a sizable British garrison among the small population, served to relegate Auregnais to a lesser status for communication. The evacuation of nearly all indigenous Auregnais to the British mainland during World War II (the island was occupied by the Wehrmacht) was thought to be a major factor in the final loss of the spoken language.

Another reason for the language's demise was official neglect, especially in the education sector, where it was not taught at all. This led to a situation in which, as was noted by the Guernsey newspaper Le Bailliage in 1880, children had ceased to speak the language among themselves – partly due to teachers discouraging its use in favour of standard French. Along with the decline in Auregnais went the decline in the use of French. French ceased to be an official language in the island in 1966. The official French used in the Channel Islands (see Jersey Legal French) differs slightly from Metropolitan French and greatly from the vernacular Norman.

Surnames and place names
Traces of the language still exist in many, if not most, local placenames. Many of these have been gallicised, but some notable examples include Ortac (Or'tac), Burhou (with the -hou suffix) and the first element of the name "Braye Harbour".

One or two words linger on in the local English, e.g. vraic (seaweed fertiliser – a word common throughout the Channel Islands), and the pronunciation of certain local surnames, e.g. Dupont and Simon as and  rather than the standard Parisian pronunciation.

Les Casquets
Unusually, for such a small dialect, Auregnais used to have an exclave or "colony" of speakers on Les Casquets for a number of years. Algernon Charles Swinburne based his poem "Les Casquets" on the Houguez family who actually lived on the islands for 18 years. The Houguez family came from Alderney, and the evidence points to its members being Auregnais speakers; in fact, the daughter married a man from Alderney. During this time, they were isolated and would have had few visitors, but would have spoken Auregnais most of the time.

title: Auregnais


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Michaela Pereira

Michaela Pereira (born August 26, 1970) is a Canadian television personality best known as being a former anchor for KTLA in Los Angeles and for the KTTV FOX11 Los Angeles morning show, Good Day LA.

She announced on March 28, 2013, that she would be leaving KTLA in May to be a part of the CNN morning show New Day that debuted on June 17, 2013.

In 2016 Pereira left CNN for the HLN cable television network, where on July 11, 2016, she debuted as anchor of the Los Angeles-based news program MichaeLA.

In October 2018 HLN announced that Pereira and the hosts of two other HLN live news shows would be let go by the network; the final broadcasts for MichaeLA and the other two shows took place on October 26, 2018.

It was announced in September 2020 that Pereira would join KTTV in October of that year. She announced on August 25, 2022, that she would be leaving Good Day LA; her last day was September 9.

Education
Pereira was educated at Peter Skene Ogden Secondary School, a public high school in the Cariboo town of 100 Mile House, British Columbia, from which she graduated in 1988, followed by Camosun College and the University of Victoria, also in British Columbia.

Life and career
Pereira began her career at CHEK-TV in Victoria, British Columbia, as host of a magazine show and documentary special. She also reported on weather, sports and entertainment.

She later co-hosted Internet Tonight on ZDTV with Scott Herriott, a daily look at Internet news and informative, interesting, and funny websites. After Internet Tonight's cancellation in 2001, Pereira became a regular host for TechLive, serving in that position until 2004, when she signed on to KTLA in Los Angeles. She hosted her last episode of TechLive on February 6, 2004, after which TechTV began the process of merging with G4 in the next month, leading to its demise.

In 1999, she was one of many personalities who temporarily co-reviewed films with film critic Roger Ebert on his television program in place of Gene Siskel, who was ultimately replaced by Richard Roeper. In one installment of the series, she discussed how her tastes leaned toward the mainstream and his toward the arthouse environment, and also reported on the increasing use of the Internet to market major films.

On January 1, 2007, Pereira co-hosted coverage of the Tournament of Roses Parade with former game show host Bob Eubanks, replacing Stephanie Edwards. Pereira co-hosted the parade coverage with Eubanks again in 2008.

On March 28, 2013, it was announced that Pereira would be leaving KTLA to become a host of a new morning show at CNN. She returned to Los Angeles in 2016 to anchor the live news program MichaeLA on HLN.

In October 2018 HLN announced that Pereira's employment with the network was ending, along with that of Ashleigh Banfield and Carol Costello, based on the network's decision to scale back its live news programming. The final broadcast of Pereira's show (as well as the shows hosted by Banfield and Costello) took place on October 26, 2018.

Pereira launched her new career at KTTV (channel 11) starting October 2020.

Pereira served as the co-host of KTLA Morning News, Los Angeles' number one rated morning newscast, for nine years. The program won nine Emmy Awards, including one for "Best Regularly Scheduled Daily News". Pereira won three Radio & TV News Association Golden Mike Awards: in 2006 for live coverage of a news story, "Urban Farm Eviction," and the Best Daytime News Broadcast in both 2004 and 2006. She was also honored with two Mark Twain Awards in 2004 for "Best Live Coverage of a News Event, Hostage Standoff Mexican Consulate," and the "Best 60 Minute Broadcast: KTLA Morning News."

She is chairwoman of the board of LA's BEST Friends, an after school education, enrichment and recreation program. She served as a member of the board of directors for the Long Beach Boys and Girls Club; an advisory board member of Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA), supporting children in foster care; an advisory board member of EmpowerTech, serving people with disabilities; and co-chair of the advisory board of Optimist Youth Home, providing services for troubled youth.

Pereira is a member of the National Association of Black Journalists, the Black Journalists Association of Southern California, and American Women in Radio and Television. She is also active with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Personal life
Pereira was adopted. Her parents and siblings do not share the same ethnic backgrounds, which has subsequently led her to be a strong advocate for the rights of children. Though she's lived and worked in the United States for several years she still maintains her Canadian citizenship. She speaks Portuguese, in addition to English, and was an avid snowboarder until a 2010 knee surgery.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michaela Pereira


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Stratos 4

Stratos 4 (ストラトス・フォー) is a Japanese anime television series by Studio Fantasia and Bandai Visual, and directed by Takeshi Mori.

Story
Fifty years before the series begins, scientists learn that a group of comets will enter the Solar System on a collision course with Earth. The United Nations set up a two-tiered global defense system against the threat: the primary one being a space-based Comet Blaster group and the secondary being a ground-based Meteor Sweeper group. Most of the series takes place on an airbase on Shimoji Island in 2024, where Mikaze and her friends are tasked with defending the Earth from large fragments left over after a failed attempt by the Comet Blasters, who are based on one of seven space stations, to annihilate a comet. All is going well until a large meteorite crashes into a lightly populated island leading the girls on a run to find out the truth about the comets.

Release
Originally spanning a 13-episode anime TV series, which premiered across Japan between January 5, 2003 to March 30, 2003, the series was continued onto three OVA-series sequels, the first of which was released on 28 May 2004 and spanned 2-episodes. The series was then followed by Stratos 4: Advance, which spanned 6 episodes and was released on 25 March 2005, and Stratos 4: Advance Final, which was released on 22 September 2006 and spanned 2-episodes, respectively.

The series has been broadcast by the anime satellite television network, Animax, across its respective networks worldwide, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Latin America, and other regions. The original 13-episode television series and its first subsequent two-episode OVA series were licensed for North American distribution by Bandai Entertainment USA. However, when Bandai Entertainment USA shut down, the series became unlicensed.

The series is one of the "main JSDF collaborative anime works", as noted by scholar Takayoshi Yamamura. The show's producer, Sugiyama Kiyoshi, is said to have conducted "extensive research about JSDF" with Yamamura saying that Kiyoshi is considered an "industry expert regarding collaboration between anime and JSDF."

Music
The music for Stratos 4 was composed by Masamichi Amano.

title: Stratos 4


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Attentional blink

Attentional blink (AB) is a phenomenon that reflects temporal limitations in the ability to deploy visual attention. When people must identify two visual stimuli in quick succession, accuracy for the second stimulus is poor if it occurs within 200 to 500 ms of the first.

The AB is typically measured by using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks, where participants often fail to detect a second salient target if it is presented within the blink. The AB has also been observed using two backward-masked targets and auditory stimuli. The term attentional blink was first used in 1992, although the phenomenon was probably known before.

Research
The precise adaptive significance behind the attentional blink is unknown, but it is thought to be a product of a two-stage visual processing system attempting to allocate episodic context to targets. In this two-stage system, all stimuli are processed to some extent by an initial parallel stage, and only salient ones are selected for in-depth processing, in order to make optimum use of limited resources at a late serial stage.

One curious aspect of the attentional blink is that it usually includes "lag-1 sparing". Targets presented very close together in time with no intervening distractors (at "lag 1" or consecutively in the RSVP stream) are not affected by the attentional blink, even though items presented at greater lags with intervening distractors are significantly impaired. This sparing can be spread over multiple targets, as long as no non-target items occur between them in the stream. Lag-1 sparing can be explained by theories in which attentional engagement with the stream is suppressed upon detection of a non-target stimulus.

According to the LC-NE hypothesis, when a salient, or meaningful stimulus is presented, neurons in the locus coeruleus release norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that benefits the detection of the stimulus. The effect of this release lasts for 100 ms after the salient stimulus is presented and benefits the second target when presented immediately after the first one, accounting for lag 1 sparing. Eventually the neurons in the locus coeruleus enter a refractory period, due to the auto-inhibitory effect of norepinephrine. According to the hypothesis, targets presented during this refractory period cannot trigger a release of norepinephrine, resulting in the attentional blink. The episodic distinctiveness hypothesis of the ST2 model suggests that the attentional blink reflects a limitation of the visual system attempting to allocate unique episodic contexts to the ephemeral target stimuli presented in RSVP.

The attentional blink is sometimes used to measure differences in attention between particular populations or experimental conditions

Emotion
One factor which influences the AB is emotional information. When the second target (T2) in an RSVP stream is an emotionally relevant stimulus it is more likely to be perceived during the period during which the AB typically occurs. The AB is not only modulated by emotional relevance of (T2) but also by the emotional relevance of (T1). When (T1) is emotionally relevant the AB is lengthened and when (T2) is emotionally relevant, the AB is reduced. This suggests that emotion can mediate attention.

The Inhibition Theory
Raymond et al. (1992) suggest that the attentional blink is produced by perceptual uncertainty amongst the target (T1) and following target (T2). They suggest that this confusion happens at some point in the target identification processes. When confusion is eliminated, attentional blink isn't observed. The researchers also suggested that one way to eliminate confusion is to have items that cannot be named.

The Interference Theory
Shapiro et al. (1994) suggest that an interference model may better explain the attentional blink effects than the inhibition model. In this model, the attentional blink is thought to take place because of an out of place item which is selected out of the series because of the interference within the items in the series. Shapiro proposes that the amount of interference increases or decreases with the length of the series.

The Delay of Processing Theory
Giesbrecht and Di Lollo (1998) suggest that the attentional blink over target 2 results when the person is busy processing target 1. It is suggested that anything increasing the difficulty of processing of the first target will result in a greater attentional blink.

The Attentional Capacity Theory
Duncan et al. (1996) suggest that the target 1 takes over parts of our attentional capacity, leading to a deficit of processing or recognizing target 2 when presented immediately after target 1. This theory suggests that the time for which target 1 continues to occupy attentional capacity is related directly to the difficulty of processing target 2.

The Two-Stage Processing Theory
Chun & Potter (1995) suggest that quickly processing a series of items requires two back to back stages. The first stage is the initial rapid-detection. Here, the possible targets are noticed. The second stage is the capacity-limited in which items are taken in order to report later. Stage 2 occurs after the acknowledgement of targets in Stage 1. Here, stage 2 must finishing processing target 1, until then, target 2 will not be recognized in stage 2. If there is a situation where the second target comes in the first stage, the highway to stage two is delayed. Attentional blinking occurs when the second target is in stage 1 which causes a delay. The attentional blink mirror a restriction in the process of combining information from an unstable representation to a stable representation (Johnson & Proctor, 2004).

title: Attentional blink


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Anti-Federalist Papers

Anti-Federalist Papers is the collective name given to the works written by the Founding Fathers who were opposed to, or concerned with, the merits of the United States Constitution of 1787. Starting on 25September 1787 (eight days after the final draft of the US Constitution) and running through the early 1790s, these Anti-Federalists published a series of essays arguing against the ratification of the new Constitution. They argued against the implementation of a stronger federal government without protections on certain rights. The Anti-Federalist papers failed to halt the ratification of the Constitution but they succeeded in influencing the first assembly of the United States Congress to draft the Bill of Rights. These works were authored primarily by anonymous contributors using pseudonyms such as "Brutus" and the "Federal Farmer." Unlike the Federalists, the Anti-Federalists created their works as part of an unorganized group.

History

Following its victory against the British in the Revolutionary War, the United States was plagued by a variety of internal problems. The weak central government could not raise taxes to cover war debts and was largely unable to pass legislation. Many early American politicians and thinkers believed that these issues were the result of the Articles of Confederation, the first governing document of the United States. In 1787 a convention gathered in Philadelphia to attempt to amend it. Soon, however, the gathering shifted its focus to constructing a newer and more powerful Constitution for the fledgling country. Two main competing factions emerged, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The former supported a more powerful central government while the latter opposed it.

During the lengthy and heated national debate following this convention, both groups wrote extensively in favor of their respective positions. The Anti-Federalist papers are a selection of the written arguments against the US Constitution by those known to posterity as the Anti-Federalists. As with the Federalist papers, these essays were originally published in newspapers. The most widely known are "a series of sixteen essays published in the New York Journal from October 1787 through April 1788 during the same period. The Anti-Federalist was appearing in New York newspapers, under the pseudonym 'Brutus'."

Structure and content
The Anti-Federalist papers were written over a number of years and by a variety of authors who utilized pen names to remain anonymous, and debates over authorship continue to this day. Unlike the authors of The Federalist Papers, a group of three men working closely together, the authors of the Anti-Federalist papers were not engaged in an organized project. Thus, in contrast to the pro-Constitution advocates, there was no one book or collection of Anti-Federalist Papers at the time. The essays were the product of a vast number of authors, working individually rather than as a group. Although there is no canonical list of anti-federalist authors, major authors include Cato (likely George Clinton), Brutus (likely either Melancton Smith, Robert Yates or perhaps John Williams), Centinel (Samuel Bryan), and the Federal Farmer (either Melancton Smith, Richard Henry Lee, or Mercy Otis Warren). Works by Patrick Henry and a variety of others are often included as well.

Until the mid-20th century, there was no united series of Anti-Federalist papers. The first major collection was compiled by Morton Borden, a professor at Columbia University, in 1965. He "collected 85 of the most significant papers and arranged them in an order closely resembling that of the 85 Federalist Papers". The most frequently cited contemporary collection, The Complete Anti-Federalist, was compiled by Herbert Storing and Murray Dry of the University of Chicago and published in 1981. At seven volumes and including many pamphlets and other materials not previously published in a collection, this work is considered, by many, to be the authoritative compendium on the publications.

Considering their number and diversity, it is difficult to summarize the contents of the Anti-Federalist papers. Generally speaking they reflected the sentiments of the Anti-Federalists, which Akhil Reed Amar of the Yale Law School generalized as: a localist fear of a powerful central government, a belief in the necessity of direct citizen participation in democracy, and a distrust of wealthy merchants and industrialists. Essays with titles such as "A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to The 'Aristocratick Combination and "New Constitution Creates a National Government; Will Not Abate Foreign Influence; Dangers of Civil War And Despotism" fill the collection, and reflect the strong feelings of the authors.

In the table below, a selection of Anti-Federalist papers have been contrasted with their Federalist counterparts.

Legacy
The Anti-Federalists proved unable to stop the ratification of the US Constitution, which took effect in 1789. Since then, the essays they wrote have largely fallen into obscurity. The influence of their writing, however, can be seen to this day – particularly in the nature and shape of the United States Bill of  Rights. Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton, vigorously argued against its passage but were in the end forced to compromise.

The Massachusetts Compromise took place during the ratification process after 5 states had already ratified. Despite being the minority power, Anti-Federalists were able to create enough stir to prevent Massachusetts from ratifying the newly drafted Constitution. They agreed that there would need to at least be amendments made before their state would ratify the Constitution, leading to the beginning of the United States Bill of Rights. Other states with strong Anti-Federalist populations would follow this example, expanding this list of amendments to the 10 we know today. The Bill of Rights was constructed specifically to quell the fears of the Anti-Federalists and to address their concerns. The Anti-Federalists feared that there were not enough checks and balances to protect the citizens from a governmental abuse of power. As such, the Anti-Federalists focused on explicitly listing out the individuals' rights and freedoms including free practice of religion, press, legal rights, and arms for protection from both their fellow man and government military occupation like what they faced during the Revolution. To prevent the Federal government from assuming all unspecified powers, as the Anti-Federalists feared, the 10th and final Amendment in the Bill of Rights states that all powers not specified in the Constitution would be left to the States. These State's Rights would be a cornerstone issue for the entirety of United States history, from the treatment and freeing of slaves to the modern-day healthcare systems. The Anti-Federalists were not successful in stopping the ratification of the Constitution, but their actions still impact the Federal Government centuries after the writers of the Anti-Federalist papers are gone.

General and cited references

 * The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, Vols. XIII–XVI. Ed. John P. Kaminski and Gaspare J. Saladino. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1981.
 * The Anti-Federalist Papers. Morton Borden. Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1965.

title: Anti-Federalist Papers


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Talk:Sasquatch (disambiguation)

Why is this a disambiguation page? Sasquatch means Bigfoot. We don't need links to those two obscure articles. - Cuchullain

 * Yes, we do. If someone is trying to find either of those articles, they won't be able to easily with this being a disambiguation. - UtherSRG 13:08, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

I redirected to Bigfoot, and put a link to the superhero Sasquatch on Bigfoot page. The other was an offsite link, not a wikipedia entry.--Cuchullain 03:53, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sasquatch (disambiguation)


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Oregon Route 210

Oregon Route 210 (also known as Scholls Ferry Road, or, more formally, the Scholls Highway No. 143 (see Oregon highways and routes)) is a state highway which runs between the community of Scholls, Oregon and the Raleigh Hills neighborhood west of Portland, terminating at the Sylvan overpass on Highway 26. It has become an important route for both commuters and agriculture through Washington County. Oregon Route 210 is signed from east-to-west; though in actuality it runs in a northeast-to-southwest direction.

The neighborhoods located along Route 210 are generally affluent, being higher in rent than 83.1% of the neighborhoods in Oregon.

Route description
Oregon Route 210's western terminus is at the junction with Oregon Route 219 in the town of Scholls. The highway leaves Scholls headed due north-northeast (on a 2-lane, unlimited-access alignment), crossing the Tualatin River over a bridge which replaced the Scholls Ferry (for which the road is still named). Soon after, there is a roundabout with River Road; with Oregon Route 210 heading east, and River Road heading towards Hillsboro to the west. Continuing east, the road winds through farmland (as well as a few wineries) in the fertile Tualatin Valley for several miles until the town of Kinton, and then toward its intersection with Roy Rogers Road.

Near the intersection with Roy Rogers Road (named for a Washington County official, not for the famous cowboy) which heads south towards Sherwood, Oregon Route 210 enters Portland's Urban Growth Boundary, and the farms and wineries are suddenly replaced with townhouses and subdivisions, and OR 210 transforms instantly into a suburban thoroughfare. A short distance further east, the highway passes on the edge of the Murrayhill neighborhood of Beaverton and becomes a four-lane divided expressway. At this point, Oregon Route 210 becomes the boundary between Beaverton and the city of Tigard, with Beaverton to the north and Tigard to the south.

The highway continues east for several more miles until its intersection with Oregon Route 217, a freeway serving Portland's southwestern suburbs. This intersection is frequently congested, as most traffic leaves OR 210 to get on OR 217 (generally heading north towards downtown Beaverton and Portland). Also nearby is the community of Progress and the Washington Square shopping mall, as well as Hall Boulevard, a major thoroughfare through Beaverton and Tigard.

North of Hall Boulevard, the road once again becomes a two-lane route as it passes through several neighborhoods in unincorporated Washington County. It heads in a north-northeasterly direction until it reaches the Raleigh Hills neighborhood, where Oregon Route 210 ends at an intersection with Oregon Route 10, the Beaverton-Hillsdale Highway. Scholls Ferry Road continues in a northeasterly direction for several more miles until it intersects with Oregon Route 8 and U.S. Route 26 in the Sylvan neighborhood. This stretch used to be signed as Oregon Route 210 as well; but that designation was removed some years ago.

There are two other notable alignment changes over the years. In the segment between Raleigh Hills and Progress one can find a residential street called "Old Scholls Ferry Road"; this was an older alignment of the highway. South of the Murrayhill neighborhood is a street called Barrows Road; this also was an old alignment of OR 210 before the new alignment through Murrayhill was constructed in the late 80s or early 90s. (For a while after the new roadway was built, Barrows Road continued to be signed as 210; however it no longer carries this designation). The current alignment, which goes over a hill, was actually the original alignment of the highway; sometime before 1960 the highway was rerouted to a longer but more level route along what is now called Barrows Road. At that time the "new" level route became Scholls Ferry Road, signed as OR 210, and the original route was renamed Old Scholls Ferry Road. In the 1990s Old Scholls Ferry Road regained its designation as OR 210 and the Barrows Road name was applied to the former route.

title: Oregon Route 210


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Unión de San Antonio

Unión de San Antonio is a town and municipality located in the Mexican state of Jalisco. It is named after Saint Anthony of Padua since the first church built there was in his honor. As of 2005, the municipality had a population of 15,484. It is located about 32 km west of León, Guanajuato. The main local industry is agriculture, including maize, wheat, beans, and livestock.

The small town receives its name from the intersection of two roads at the "Old Dam", which currently still exists on the east side of town. Through the hard work of Don Pablo and Don Jose Antonio, they constructed the chapel that became the heart and center of the town and the magnificent church it is today.

Notable people

 * José Antonio Sánchez Reza A priest who sympathized with Miguel Hildago's cause and helped to support him.
 * José Elías Moreno, an actor from the Classic era of the motion pictures was born here.
 * María Teresa Rivas, an actress from the Classic era of the motion pictures was born here.

History
At the beginning of the nineteenth century it was known as Hacienda of Saint Anthony of the Adobes and later Villa of Union.

title: Unión de San Antonio


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Talk:Federal Triangle

Federal Plaza
Change the name of the plaza title from "Federal Plaza" to the correct name, "Freedom Plaza". User:Jd4508

History
Add information about the primary architect Arthur_Brown_Jr. Add information about how the building were tied together by common architectural themes. See Mellon Auditorium for more info. Waarmstr 12:22, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

First-class, not "B-Class"
The large group of editors that have compiled this article are to be congratulated on the best text on this subject available anywhere on the Internet. I see that some self-appointed Rater rates it "B-Class". This shouldn't discourage any of you. Well done!--Wetman (talk) 00:41, 3 November 2010 (UTC)
 * If it is submitted for GA review, what do you think needs to be done to help it achieve that status? - Tim1965 (talk) 02:55, 3 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, there is no A-class review, as per WikiProject United States/Assessment. It is now downgraded to B class for the time being. Epic Genius (talk) 00:28, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Federal Triangle


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Washington Street Elevated

The Washington Street Elevated was an elevated segment of Boston's Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority subway system, comprising the southern stretch of the Orange Line. It ran from Chinatown through the South End and Roxbury, ending in Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston.

Construction
The initial section of the Main Line Elevated opened on June 10, 1901, running from Sullivan Square in Charlestown over the Charlestown Elevated, through the Canal Street incline into the Tremont Street subway, and out the Pleasant Street portal onto the Washington Street Elevated. The initial section of the elevated ran only to Dudley Square, with intermediate stations at Dover and Northampton. The Atlantic Avenue Elevated opened on August 22 of that year, joining the Washington Street El at Tower D Junction.

The El, Boston's first heavy rail metro line, proved extremely popular. The Washington Street Tunnel was opened on November 30, 1908, providing a separate route for the Main Line and allowing use of the Tremont Street subway for through streetcars. The southern portal of the tunnel connected with the elevated at Tower D. The elevated was extended south to Forest Hills on November 22, 1909, with an intermediate station at Egleston to transfer passengers from streetcars serving Roxbury and Dorchester. Although the elevated was built primarily to replace radial streetcar lines running to downtown, ridership from the areas surrounding the stations proved high, and an infill station at Green Street with fewer streetcar connections was opened on September 22, 1912.

Replacement
The Washington Street Elevated was the last elevated section of the Orange Line to remain standing. The Atlantic Avenue Elevated ended service in 1938, while the Charlestown Elevated was replaced with the largely surface-level Haymarket North Extension in 1975.

By the 1980s, however, the elevated was showing its age. The steel uprights had lost a substantial portion of their mass to rusting, though it was not structurally unsound since it was heavily overbuilt, and a $3 million repainting in 1975 stopped further oxidation.

From 1979 to 1987, the four-track railroad embankment between Back Bay and Forest Hills, originally acquired for a cancelled highway project, was converted to a trench with three mainline tracks and two rapid transit tracks as the Southwest Corridor project. Addition of rapid transit to the corridor had been proposed as a branch of the predecessor BERy's streetcar network in 1926, and as a relocation of the Orange Line since 1966. The last service over the Washington Street Elevated ran on April 30, 1987; service began over the Southwest Corridor route on May 4. The elevated was removed soon after; some of the steel was later used for a new bridge carrying Arizona Route 188 over Theodore Roosevelt Lake.

The closing of the Washington Street Elevated prompted a 2012 review, the Roxbury-Dorchester-Mattapan Transit Needs Study, recommended for some form of proposed replacement rail service to access southern Metro Boston neighborhoods - one option being studied within this review would re-use the Tremont Street subway's now-unused southern Pleasant Street tunnel coming from the Green Line's Boylston station. The new light rail service proposed in the 2012 review, to replace the rapid transit access the elevated previously provided, could go as far south as the Red Line's Mattapan station (via Nubian station), with a northern turnaround terminus at Government Center.

Silver Line
Since the Southwest Corridor was located somewhat further to the west than the elevated had been, away from neighborhood centers like Dudley and Egleston Squares, the MBTA promised that a branch of the light rail Green Line would be built to provide continued rapid transit service to those areas. However, such service was not forthcoming; instead, the 49 Northampton – Washington & Kneeland feeder bus route was extended to Dudley Square and given a more direct routing.

In 2002, the MBTA deployed bus rapid transit along much of the route from Dudley Square to Downtown Crossing in the form of Phase I of the controversial Silver Line, replacing the 49. Although branded as bus rapid transit, the Washington Street section of the Silver Line is generally considered short of the international BRT Standard, as it lacks bus rapid transit elements such as dedicated bus lanes and pre-pay stations. The Silver Line has also been subject to neighborhood criticism, as it makes fewer stops than the 49, but nevertheless fails to sufficiently decrease travel times as compared to the previous conventional bus service.

The 2003 Program for Mass Transportation considered the possibility of converting the Washington Street section of the Silver Line to light rail, as had originally been promised, by using the abandoned Pleasant Street incline and the currently-unused southern segment of the Tremont Street subway to connect with the Green Line at Boylston station. However, the Phase III tunnel and continued bus service was recommended instead. In 2012, the aforementioned Roxbury-Dorcester-Mattapan Transit Needs Study recommended, as a long-term project, the light rail conversion of the Silver Line's Washington Street section and its connection to the Green Line via the abandoned tunnel with a northern terminus/turnaround for the new line at Government Center; with the additional possibility of extending the line down Blue Hill Avenue to Mattapan station (and thus connecting with the Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line, and, indirectly, with the Red Line), following the route currently taken by the #28 bus.

Stations
The Washington Street Elevated consisted of six stations, the most complex and major of which were at Dudley Square and Forest Hills. Most of the original stations were designed by architect Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr., and originally featured much in the way of ornamentation and architectural prowess. By the time the "El" closed, however, much of this detail had been lost to decades of decay, neglect, and cost-cutting. Forest Hills Station was designed by Edmund March Wheelwright and was quite different from the other stations along the line, featuring a square stone exterior rather than sloping rooflines.

Following the closure of the elevated, most of the stations were scrapped; however, the Northampton station headhouse was moved to the Seashore Trolley Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine in 1988, where it remains today, and parts of Dudley station were saved and incorporated into the current bus station.

The stations themselves were:

title: Washington Street Elevated


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darkside Industries

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. · Katefan0(scribble)

Darkside Industries
Delete Vanity page, non-notable corporation Atratus 05:29, 11 July 2005 (UTC) Delete Vanity page created by user:Darkside88. Quentin mcalmott 02:53, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * This page was never added to a main VfD page. Doing so now.  No vote.  JYolkowski // talk 18:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * More eyeballs needed. I'm not comfortable deleting with only one concurring editor — but someone tell me if I should be deleting these anyway. -Splash 00:30, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete crystal ball, vanity, zero information... Ashibaka (tock) 00:51, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.... "will create great next-gen games in 2-4more yrs"? Sure. Maybe they can come back when they've done that, then. TheMadBaron 02:55, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * May become notable one day. In the meantime: Delete CLW 08:02, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I wouldn't have a problem with you deleting the articles, Splash, as long as all the votes are "delete". If other people had disagreed, they would have objected. I think people don't vote for some of the most obvious ones, unless it pushes there buttons for some reason. -- Kjkolb 10:26, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany

The United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany (German: Vereinigte Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche Deutschlands, VELKD) was founded on July 8, 1948, in Eisenach, Germany. Its total membership is 7.8 million people. All its member churches belong to the Protestant Church in Germany, with which it co-operates closely. In 2018 it has been reduced from an independent legal entity to an administrative unit within the larger Protestant Church in Germany.

The seat of the VELKD is in Hanover. The leading bishop (German: Leitender Bischof) is Ralf Meister.

Leading Bishops of the VELKD

 * 1948–1949: Wilhelm Henke
 * 1949–1955: Hans Meiser
 * 1955–1969: Johannes Lilje
 * 1969–1975: Hans-Otto Wölber, Land Bishop of Hamburg
 * 1975–1978: Eduard Lohse
 * 1978–1981: Gerhard Heintze
 * 1981–1990: Karlheinz Stoll
 * 1990–1993: Gerhard Müller
 * 1993–1999: Horst Hirschler
 * 1999–2005: Hans Christian Knuth
 * 2005–2011: Johannes Friedrich
 * 2011-2018: Gerhard Ulrich
 * since 2018: Ralf Meister

President of the Church Office of the VELKD

 * 1949-1963: Heinz Brunotte
 * 1963-1967: Max Keller-Hüschemenger
 * 1968-1976: Hugo Schnell
 * 1976–1982: Günther Gaßmann
 * 1983-2000: Friedrich-Otto Scharbau
 * 2000-2015: Friedrich Hauschildt ( also Vice-President of the Office of the Protestant Church in Germany (EKD), between 2007 and 2015)
 * 2015-2023: Horst Gorski (also Vice-President of EKD between 2015 and 2023)
 * since 2023: Stephan Schaede (also Vice-President of EKD since 2023)

Members

 * Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria
 * Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Brunswick
 * Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover
 * Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
 * Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony
 * Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Schaumburg-Lippe
 * Evangelical Church in Central Germany (since 2009)


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Fighting machine (The War of the Worlds)

The fighting machine (also known as a "Martian Tripod") is one of the fictional machines used by the Martians in H. G. Wells' 1898 classic science fiction novel The War of the Worlds. In the novel, it is a fast-moving three-legged walker reported to be 100 ft tall with multiple, whip-like tentacles used for grasping, and two lethal weapons: the Heat-Ray and a gun-like tube used for discharging canisters of a poisonous chemical black smoke that kills everything. It is the primary machine the Martians use when they invade Earth, along with the handling machine, the flying machine, and the embankment machine.

Description in the Novel
The fighting machines walk on three tall, articulated legs and have a grouping of long, whip-like metallic tentacles hanging beneath the central body, a single flexible appendage holding the heat-ray projector. Atop the main body a hood-like head houses a sole Martian operator.

The fighting machines are armed with a heat-ray, which is fired by a camera-like device held by an articulated arm, and a chemical weapon known as "the black smoke", a poisonous gas which is deployed from gun tubes. The fighting machines can also discharge steam through nozzles that dissipates the black smoke, which then settles as an inert, powdery substance.

The metallic tentacles, which hang below the main fighting machine body, are used as probes and for grasping objects. The height of the fighting machines is unclear; in the novel, a newspaper article describes them to be more than 100 ft tall. HMS Thunder Child, a Royal Navy torpedo ram, engages a trio of tripods that are pursuing a refugee flotilla heading to France from the southeast English coast; the Thunder Child is eventually destroyed by the Martian heat-ray, but not before taking out two fighting machines.

The original conceptual drawings for the fighting machines, drawn by Warwick Goble, accompanied the initial appearance of The War of the Worlds in Pearson's Magazine in 1897. Wells criticized the illustrations, writing in later editions of the story:

"I recall particularly the illustration of one of the first pamphlets to give a consecutive account of the war. The artist had evidently made a hasty study of one of the fighting-machines, and there his knowledge ended. He presented them as tilted, stiff tripods, without either flexibility or subtlety, and with an altogether misleading monotony of effect. The pamphlet containing these renderings had a considerable vogue, and I mention them here simply to warn the reader against the impression they may have created. They were no more like the Martians I saw in action than a Dutch doll is like a human being. To my mind, the pamphlet would have been much better without them."

Ray Harryhausen's unmade film
In the artwork for Ray Harryhausen's unmade 1950's War of the Worlds movie, the fighting machines are based on flying saucers walking upon three legs with spiked feet, and fire their heat rays from the rims of their bodies.

The War of the Worlds (1953 film)
The Martian fighting machines, designed by Albert Nozaki for George Pal's 1953 Paramount film The War of the Worlds, barely resemble the same machines in the H. G. Wells novel. The novel's fighting machines are 10-story tall tripods and carry the heat-ray projector on an articulated arm connected to the front of the machine's main body, as well as possessing the poison black smoke canisters fired from gun-like tubes. In the film version, the war machines instead possess two different types of death ray weapons, the first having pulsing wingtip ray emitters that cause subatomic disintegration to whatever they shoot, while the second type of death ray each Martian machine uses is a visible, reddish heat-ray, atop a swiveling goose-neck, mounted in a cobra-like head. The film's war machines move about on three invisible legs of energy, which are only briefly visible when moving on the ground upon leaving their initial landing site.

Television series
The serialized War of the Worlds (1988–1990) television series was established as a sequel to the 1953 film with much of the alien technology in the first season cued with visual references to the design of those in the aforementioned film. An older model of the 1953 film's craft is shown to have physical legs more similar to the novel version.

War of the Worlds
There are several differences between the fighting machines as described in Wells' novel and those in Steven Spielberg's 2005 film, which come from an undisclosed alien world. In this version the tripods were long ago brought to Earth, having been buried underground sometime in the past. The aliens instead travel in capsules to their buried machines, which transport them underground to the Tripods. The fighting machines in this movie also have the roles of the Martian Handlers with the fighting machines capturing humans and placing them into two containers where they are harvested one-by-one. Rather than burning humans, the fighting machines' weapons can disintegrate humans into ash leaving their clothing intact. In a published interview screenwriter David Koepp stated his belief that they were planted by these extraterrestrials as a part of some kind of alien "contingency plan" (said plan never being revealed to the audience).

While the Tripods don't arrive to Earth in cylinders, before they emerge, the ground cracks and then rotates in a similar fashion to the cylinder's lid from the novel.

H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (2005 film)
In Pendragon Pictures' direct-to-DVD H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds the tripods have a large, free-moving head atop the smaller main body, giving its sole Martian occupant a panoramic view. It has three thick, metallic tentacles, which are held on high, made up of boxy-looking segments, making them appear like large bicycle chains rather than slim and whip-like, as described in Wells' novel; they are used mainly to capture humans during the film. The tripods have three long, ridged, and stilt-like legs, which occasionally stride with the right and rear leg moving forward together in a clumsy, unconvincing manner.

War of the Worlds 2: The Next Wave (2008 film)
In the Asylum's 2008 sequel War of the Worlds 2: The Next Wave, the walkers are tripods called squid-walkers, and are capable of flight. Unlike the first film, the Martians do not control the fighting machines directly from the inside but manipulate cyborgs by remote control. A heat-ray is attached to the walkers, as well as a kind of ray that teleports humans directly to the alien mothership, where humans are then drained of their blood to feed the invaders. Whereas Wells' fighting machines carried cages to hold captured humans, these tripods place humans directly into the tripods' interiors. These appear organic, with no windows or controls, and the walls absorb anyone unlucky enough to touch them, sending them to an unknown destination.

Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds
The fighting machines are described in Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds and depicted on the album artwork painted by Michael Trim. This version of the tripods has major inconsistencies when compared to Wells' description in the novel.

BBC War of the Worlds Mini-Series
In the 2019 BBC Mini-Series, the Tripods are made from black tree-like materials which cracks and breaks when they move and walk. Rather than arriving in cylinders like in the novel, the fighting machines arrive on Earth in the form of large black spheres. The spheres would begin to spin in a fast speed and hover above the ground shooting heat rays at any human victim setting them ablaze. Afterwards, the spheres burst into dust and settle into the ground where the Tripods are formed, seemingly from the ground. The fighting machines' arsenal includes a powerful laser which fires from their singular eye and Black Smoke which causes their victims to spew black liquid from their mouths once inhaled.

War of the Worlds: The Attack
The Tripods in the 2023 film War of the Worlds: The Attack are presented with spider-like elements such as multiple eyes.

Fox's War of the Worlds
In the Fox Series, the fighting machines' roles are taken by small robotic dogs inspired by the military robot dogs.

Parallel and sequel novels
In Kevin J. Anderson' The Martian War the Martians use two types of tripods, the ones from The War of the Worlds and a smaller, "overseer" variant. In Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds, it is hinted that the Martians may have accelerated their evolution using selective breeding and eugenics, and that their original body type may have resembled the form of the tripods.

Influence on later fiction
Creatures and machines similar to the fighting machines are featured in video games, such as the Annihilator Tripods from Command & Conquer 3, or the Striders from Half-Life.

Inaccurate coinage
In 2021, the Royal Mint announced a new version of the UK two pound coin minted in tribute to H.G. Wells. The coins bear an image of a Martian Fighting Machine with four instead of three legs, and The Invisible Man wearing the wrong style hat, resulting in derision from fans and collectors of Wells' work.


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SO16

SO16 may refer to:
 * The Diplomatic Protection Group, a Specialist Operations branch of London's Metropolitan Police Service
 * 2010 SO16, a near-Earth asteroid
 * (29459) 1997 SO16, main-belt minor planet

title: SO16


text:
Ramón Ayala

Ramón Covarrubias Garza (born 8 December 1945), known by his stage name Ramón Ayala, is a Mexican singer, accordion player, composer and songwriter of Norteño music. He is also known as the "King of the Accordion".

Awards and recognition
Ayala has won four Grammy Awards and received other recognitions for his career. In 2018 he received the keys to the city of Lynwood, CA.

Discography
Studio albums (Ramón Ayala Y Sus Bravos Del Norte)
 * La Pura Maña (1971)
 * Estrenos (1971)
 * Ojitos Soñadores (1972)
 * Corazón Vagabundo (1973)
 * Por Que?? (1973)
 * Lindo Tampico (1973)
 * El Amor Que Me Falta (1974)
 * Amor Eterno (1974)
 * Cumbias! Cumbias! Cumbias! (1974)
 * Contrabando Y Traicion (1975)
 * Consuelo (1976)
 * El Triunfador (1977)
 * El Soldado Raso (197
 * Mi Piquito De Oro (1978)
 * Dos Hojas Sin Rumbo (1979)
 * Pistoleros Famosos (1980)
 * Con Las Puertas En La Cara (1981)
 * En Amo De La Musica Norteña (1983)
 * El Corrido del Tuerto (1984)
 * Corridos Norteños (1985)
 * 15 Aniversario (1986)
 * Damelo (1987)
 * La Rama De Mezquite (1989)
 * Chiflando En La Loma (1993)
 * Dime Cuando Volveras (1994)
 * Casas De Madera (1998)
 * Quémame Los Ojos (2000)
 * Cruzando Fronteras (2007)

title: Ramón Ayala


text:
Peter Ling

Peter George Derek Ling (27 May 1926 – 14 September 2006) was a British writer of television, radio and comic strips, best known for his television work. With his professional partner, Hazel Adair, he co-created the television soap opera Crossroads.

Early life
Ling was born in Thornton Heath, the son of a stage magician and a teacher, and was educated at Whitgift School. As a child he appeared in the Radio Luxembourg children's show The Ovaltinies, and wrote an article for Good Housekeeping magazine at the age of 14.

He was conscripted to work in the coal mines as a "Bevin Boy" during the Second World War, but was transferred to the Army Pay Corps due to ill-health. After the war, recovering from tuberculosis in a British Legion Sanatorium, he published his first novel, Voices Offstage (1947), and began submitting comedy scripts to BBC radio, selling some to Jon Pertwee's radio show Waterlogged Spa. This led to work on television, including the BBC's children's show Whirligig (1950), where he met actress Sheilah Ward, whom he married in 1954.

Writing
In 1952 he was invited to write comic strips for the Eagle, including the schoolboy series "The Three J's", illustrated by artist Peter Kay (1953–59), which was adapted for television in 1958. With Ward, he also co-wrote strips for Eagle ' s sister title Girl, including Two Pairs of Skates (1956–57) and Penny Starr (1957). The couple also wrote a Girl spin-off novel, Angela has Wings, based on the comic strip Angela Air Hostess, created by Betty Roland.

In 1955 he joined Associated-Rediffusion as script editor, working on shows including Murder Bag, Crime Sheet and Jango, and was later appointed Head of Children's Series. He and Hazel Adair co-wrote Compact, a soap set in magazine publishing, for the BBC from 1962 to 1965. The two writers followed this up with Crossroads, a soap set in a motel, which began on ITV in 1964; the format's principal run lasted until 1988. The writing partners followed it with Champion House, a Yorkshire family saga set in the textiles industry, shown on the BBC from 1967 to 1968. Ling wrote for Dixon of Dock Green, Sexton Blake, No Hiding Place, Doctor Who (The Mind Robber in 1968), and, with Sheilah Ward, The Avengers ("Ashes of Roses", "Dance with Death", and "Box of Tricks").

He continued to write for radio, including adaptations of Sherlock Holmes and Gideon Fell stories and the Arnold Bennett novel Imperial Palace, and wrote scripts for the Radio 2 soap Waggoner's Walk in 1969.

Novels and songs
He published several novels, including the novelisation of his Doctor Who serial "The Mind Robber" for Target Books; three novels in the "Crown House" series, Crown House (1988), Crown Papers (1989) and Crown Wars (1996); three in the "Docklands Saga" or "Watermen" series, High Water (1991), Flood Water (1992) and Storm Water (1993); two stand-alone novels, Halfway to Heaven (1994) and Happy Tomorrow (1995); and bodice-rippers under the name Petra Lee. He also wrote songs, including "Why Not Now?", which was a hit for Matt Monro in 1961.

Death
He died on 14 September 2006 after suffering from Alzheimer's disease for some years.

title: Peter Ling


text: User talk:61.129.44.201

title: User talk:61.129.44.201


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Repetition blindness

Repetition blindness (RB) is a phenomenon observed in rapid serial visual presentation. People are sometimes poor at recognizing when things happen twice. Repetition blindness is the failure to recognize a second happening of a visual display. The two displays are shown sequentially, possibly with other stimuli displays in between. Each display is only shortly shown, usually for about 150 milliseconds (Kanwisher, 1987). If stimuli are shown in between, RB can occur in a time interval up to 600 milliseconds. Without other stimuli displayed in between the two repeated stimuli, RB only lasts about 250 milliseconds (Luo & Caramazza, 1995). Repetition blindness tasks usually are words in lists and in sentences. They are called phonologically similar items (Bavelier & Potter, 1992). There are also pictures, and words that include pictures. An example of this is a picture of the sun and the word sun (Bavelier, 1994). The most popular task used to examine repetition blindness is to show words one after another on a screen fast in which participants must recall the words that they saw. This task is known as the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Repetition blindness is present if missing the second word creates an inaccurate sentence. An example of this is "When she spilled the ink there was ink all over.” An RSVP sequence participants will recall seeing "When she spilled the ink there was all over." However, they are missing the second occurrence of "ink" (Kanwisher, 1987). This finding supports that people are "blind" for the second occurrence of a repetitive item in an RSVP series. For example, a subject's chances of correctly reporting both appearances of the word "cat" in the RSVP stream "dog mouse cat elephant cat snake" are lower than their chances of reporting the third and fifth words in the stream "dog mouse cat elephant pig snake".

The precise mechanism underlying RB has been extensively debated. Nancy Kanwisher has argued that it involves failure to tokenize the second appearance of a repeated stimulus. Tokenization, here, means the ability to identify the second stimulus as a second individual, or token. Lack of tokenization means that the second appearance of the stimulus is being dropped from short term memory before it can be identified, and hence, remains unreportable. However, Whittlesea and colleagues have argued that repetition blindness arises from a failure to properly reconstruct the list, both online and post list. This failure to properly reconstruct the list arises from the poor encoding cues that are the result of the RSVP task.

title: Repetition blindness


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Esporte Clube Taubaté

Esporte Clube Taubaté, commonly referred to as Taubaté, is a professional association football club based in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. The team competes in Campeonato Paulista Série A2, the second tier of the São Paulo state football league.

The club's home colours are blue and white and the team mascot is a donkey.

History
The idea of founding a football club in Taubaté appeared when the football fans José Pedro de Oliveira, Jayme Tindal and Frederico Livrero had a meeting at Associação Comercial, and they decided to study the viability of founding a football club in the city. At that meeting they decided that the name of the club would be Sport Club Taubaté.

On October 25, 1914, the colors of the club were chosen: blue and white. On November 1, 1914, the club was founded as Sport Club Taubaté.

First match
The first match of the club was on December 25, 1914, against AA Palmeiras at Estádio da Praça Monsenhor Silva Barros (known also as Campo do Bosque) in Taubaté. The match ended with a defeat by 1–6. The players of Taubaté were Paulinho, Luiz Simi, Paiva; Synésio, Sérgio Areão, Hugo; Paulo Silva, Waldemiro, Renato Granadeiro (captain), Abreu and Jacinto. Irito also played.

State

 * Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 6
 * 1918, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1954, 1979
 * Campeonato Paulista Série A3: 2
 * 2003, 2015
 * Copa Vale do Paraíba: 1
 * 1986

Youth team

 * Campeonato Paulista de Juniores - 2ª Divisão: 1
 * 1985

Rivalry
Taubaté has a fierce rivalry with São José. 1979 Campeonato Paulista second division final match was an epic match between them. Another rival of Taubaté is Guaratinguetá.

Symbols and colors
The club's mascot is a donkey, known as Burro da Central (burro means donkey in Portuguese). In 1954, the club played the Campeonato Paulista second division final against Comercial of Ribeirão Preto and fielded an ineligible player in the match. Because of this mistake, the press of São Paulo nicknamed the club Burro (Donkey) not just meaning for donkey but for being dumb because of this mistake.

The blue color of the club represents the infinity of the sky, and the white color represents peace.

title: Esporte Clube Taubaté


text:
Wei Hui

Zhou Wei Hui (born 4 January 1973), known simply by her Chinese given name Wei Hui, is a Chinese novelist, living and working in Shanghai and New York City. Her novel Shanghai Baby (上海宝贝) (1999) was banned in the People's Republic of China as  "decadent". Her latest novel Marrying Buddha (我的禅) (2005) was censored, modified and published in China under a modified title. She is often associated with Mian Mian, another slightly older member of the "New Generation".

Early life and education
Zhou Weihui, known in English as Wei Hui, studied Chinese Language and Literature at Fudan University in Shanghai, after a year of military training.

Career
Her first short story was published at the age of 21. Her first novel Shanghai Baby, was a local bestseller in Shanghai. Soon after its publication, Shanghai Baby was banned by the Chinese government because of the novel's explicit sexual scenes and bold portrait of China's new generation. The publishing house that published the novel was temporarily closed for 3 months. Shanghai Baby was published overseas where it became an international bestseller. Shanghai Baby has been translated into 34 different languages and has sold over six million copies in 45 countries, more than any other work of Chinese contemporary literature. A Shanghai Baby (2007 film) starring Bai Ling was released in 2007, but has not been released outside of film festivals.

Marrying Buddha, Weihui's second novel and a sequel to Shanghai Baby, was published in 2005 and became another international bestseller. Like Shanghai Baby, the novel is again narrated by Coco, a thinly disguised Wei Hui. Coco is described by Weihui as a 'representative of socially and sexually liberated Chinese young women'. Marrying Buddha continues Coco's journey of self-discovery in terms of her sexuality.

Published works

 * Shanghai Baby
 * Marrying Buddha
 * The Shriek of the Butterfly
 * Virgin in the Water
 * Crazy Like Weihui
 * Desire Pistol

Influence
Wei Hui has been regarded by international media as a spokeswoman of the new generation of Chinese young women. She has presented her work in a large number of East Asian and Western media outlets and publications, including The New York Times, The New Yorker, Time, CNN, USA Today, the BBC, The Times, The Sunday Times, The Economist, Stern, Welt am Sonntag, Le Monde, Le Figaro, Asahi Shimbun, NHK and Yomiuri Shimbun.

title: Wei Hui


text:
Hogan Knows Best

Hogan Knows Best is an American reality documentary television series on VH1. The series debuted on July 10, 2005 and centered on the family life of professional wrestler Hulk Hogan (Terry Bollea). Often focusing on the Hogans' raising of their children, and on Hulk Hogan's attempts to manage and assist in his children's burgeoning careers, the title of the show is a spoof of the 1950s television series, Father Knows Best.

After the cancellation of Hogan Knows Best in 2007, a spin-off entitled Brooke Knows Best debuted in 2008, and ran for two seasons.

Cast

 * Terry "Hulk Hogan" Bollea is represented on the show as a protective and somewhat strict father, particularly with regard to the opposite sex being anywhere near his daughter, Brooke. On more than one occasion, he has schemed ways to spy on her when hanging out with guys. However, because of a competition involving finding the right boyfriend for Brooke, Terry wanted to win so badly that he actually encouraged Brooke to be together with the young man he chose for her. The young man was Davey Boy Smith's son, Harry Smith. His career as a wrestler has taken its toll on his body, including weak knees and an artificial hip replacement, though he still works out in order to maintain his physique. He has also claimed, on the show, that he had his teeth knocked out six times and his nose broken twelve times. In an effort to conceal his baldness, he usually wears a bandana or occasionally a hat.
 * Linda Hogan is Hogan's wife. An ardent animal lover, she temporarily took a baby chimpanzee into the house in one episode, and seriously considered adopting it. Between her and Hulk, she is the more lenient parent. She has serious reservations about Hulk returning to the ring, and about her son contemplating a wrestling career.
 * Brooke Hogan is Hulk and Linda's teenage daughter, who produced a new song to kick off her career, and signed a $1.3 million contract when she turned eighteen. Hulk's nickname for her is "Brooke-tini." On the show, she made crude remarks about Harry Smith's appearance and the two never hit it off.
 * Nick Hogan is Hulk and Linda's son, who is two years younger than Brooke. Nick is always up to antics. Although Nick and Brooke have an amicable relationship overall, there are moments when they take pleasure in getting one another in trouble. Nick aspires to be a professional wrestler, though his father has encouraged him to take acting lessons in order to improve his sense of showmanship. Nick was a professional drifter for Dodge until July 2007. He got his Formula-D license in 2006.
 * Brian Knobbs is Hulk's longtime friend and former wrestler, half of the Tag team The Nasty Boys. Knobbs often comes to stay with the family, much to Linda's dismay. He also comes to babysit Nick and Brooke when Hulk and Linda go on romantic trips. Brooke and Nick refer to him as "Uncle Knobs." He is often seen being joking and sarcastic.

Production history
The series premiered on July 10, 2005 with a 1.9 (cable Nielsen rating), representing the largest audience for a VH1 premiere ever at that time. It began airing on CMT in early 2006 and also aired on Viva, MTV and Bio. in the UK and Ireland, TVtropolis in Canada, MusiquePlus in Quebec (in Quebec French, the show was called Hogan a raison, "Hogan is right"), Both VH1 (Seasons 1 - 3) and MTV (Season 4) in Australia, MTV Italia in Italy (in English with Italian subtitles), MTV Central in Germany and Austria (in English with German subtitles), VH1, MTV Portugal in Portugal (in English with Portuguese subtitles), in The Netherlands on MTV Netherlands with Dutch subtitles and in India on VH1, in France on Game one (le monde merveilleux de Hulk Hogan, "The Wonderful World of Hulk Hogan"), C4 and The Box in New Zealand. in Norway both on MTV Norway and VH1 with Norwegian subtitles, in Latin America with Spanish subtitles on VH1 (in Spanish, the show is Papá Hogan a la Lucha!) and in Brazil with Portuguese subtitles on VH1 (the show is called Papai Hogan Sabe Tudo or "'Daddy Hogan Knows All'"). In Finland with Finnish subtitles on Sub and MTV Finland (the show is called Hurjat Hoganit, Furious Hogans).

The show was originally pitched and offered to Hulk Hogan prior to his famous WrestleMania X8 "Icon vs. Icon" match with The Rock in 2002. It chronicled Hogan's return to the World Wrestling Entertainment after the demise of the World Championship Wrestling and surgery on both of his knees. Hogan declined. However, after later noticing the success of pop stars such as Hilary Duff and Britney Spears, Hogan accepted a deal to do the show as a way to help promote daughter Brooke's singing career. In the episode "Hulkamania Forever", Hulk also mentions that the family has no source of income as lawyer and music studio bills in excess of $200,000 had come in recently.

Filming
Hogan explains in his 2009 autobiography My Life Outside the Ring, that paying unionized camera crews to film subjects continuously until something telegenic or dramatic occurs would be prohibitively expensive, and that as a result, shows such as Hogan Knows Best are "soft-scripted", and follow a tightly regimented shooting schedule that allows for typical work-related considerations such as lunch breaks. When filming soft-scripted shows, the subjects are given a scenario by the producers to act out, perhaps an exaggerated version of something likely to be encountered in their real lives, are informed of the outcome, and possible "beats" in between, and instructed to improvise, which Hogan says is a version of what he did as a professional wrestler. According to Hogan, this would result in behavior that members of his family would never exhibit in real life, as when his son Nick tossed water balloons at neighbors from a window, or when his wife would wake up early to apply makeup and do her hair before camera crews arrived to film shots of the couple sleeping.

Cancellation
It was reported that taping for an additional season of Hogan Knows Best halted in the summer of 2007, before it was finally determined that the show was canceled in early 2008 due to problems involving Nick, Linda, and Terry Bollea.

On August 26, 2007, Nick was involved in a car crash while speeding in his Toyota Supra in Clearwater, Florida. Nick was sent to the hospital and released the following morning. However, his friend was seriously injured as a result of the car accident. Nick was charged with a felony for reckless driving and underage drinking, as well as violating limits on blood alcohol levels while driving. He was arrested on November 7, 2007, and sent to jail. However, his parents released him on a $10,000 bond shortly thereafter. As of 2022, Nick's friend, active-duty Marine John Graziano — who was 22 years old at the time of the crash — is on life support with serious brain injuries. It is now expected that he will require lifelong care, requiring him to spend the remainder of his life in a nursing home. The Hogan family issued a statement on how they were saddened that criminal charges had been filed against Nick, and how John was not wearing his seatbelt, but that Nick was. On May 9, 2008, Bollea entered a no contest plea and was sentenced to eight months in Pinellas County Jail.

It was also in 2007 while the Hogan family was shooting Hogan Knows Best that Hulk allegedly cheated on Linda Claridge with a female friend of his daughter's, Christiane Plante. Plante, the one to confess to the affair with Hulk Hogan, worked with Brooke Hogan on her 2006 album. Plante, 21 years younger than Hulk Hogan, claimed: "My relationship with Terry began at a time when Terry and Linda privately knew their marriage was ending. She had left him already, although no official papers had been filed. Terry is a good man, good father and a good friend, and he and I grew close at a time when he was going through a very difficult period. It seemed right then, but I know it was wrong. Having felt the guilt and pain build up, I gave a note to Brooke apologizing for my actions. I will never be able to fully forgive myself for this. I have lost an amazing friend."

On November 24, 2007, it was announced that Linda filed for divorce from Hulk Hogan after 24 years of marriage. Hogan was uninformed of this until a reporter showed him the paperwork submitted by his wife. Linda had been away from him for three weeks in California when she submitted the paperwork. In court papers, Linda states the marriage is "irretrievably broken." In the court papers, she also addresses custody of their son, Nick, asking for primary physical custody of him, while Hulk would receive "liberal visitation and access to the child." Linda is reportedly seeking half of the couple's $9.5m in assets, including a stake in their Belleair mansion in Florida. In addition, Linda also asks for alimony, child support, and Hulk to pay for Nick's health insurance and take out a life insurance policy to cover child support for Nick if necessary.

After filing for divorce in November 2007, Linda (48 at the time) began dating Charlie Hill (19 at the time) in December 2007. Hill was a student at Brooke and Nick's high school, one grade above Nick and one grade below Brooke. In November 2008, Linda revealed to the public that she made the decision to end her marriage after finding out about Hulk Hogan's alleged affair.

Due to the accident and legal issues that surrounded Nick and the divorce between Linda and Terry, the show was canceled. After the show's cancellation, a spin-off came out entitled Brooke Knows Best which focuses on Brooke Hogan independent from her parents, living with two roommates. The spin-off was cancelled the following year, after surviving only two seasons.

Reception
Jill Murphy from Common Sense Media gave the show 3 out of 5 stars.

DVD release
Hogan Knows Best Seasons 1, 2, & 3 were released on DVD on September 25, 2007 exclusively at Suncoast and FYE. Hogan Knows Best Season 1 was released on DVD regions 2 and 4 in early 2008. Known release countries are Germany, Norway and Australia. Hogan Knows Best Season 2 was released on region 4 DVD by Magna Pacific in May 2010.

title: Hogan Knows Best


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Augustus/archive 1

Caesar Augustus
I nominate this page because it is a comprehensive article, detailing the life of Rome's first, and (traditionally) greatest, Emperor. It covers, in great detail, aspects of his life before, during, and after his rise in power from his life as the boy Octavian to the reign of Emperor Augustus. I believe this article desives to be prompted to the rank of Featured Article. Roman Emperor July 11, 2005 05:39 (UTC)
 * Object, could do without Chronology section, though that could be turned into a EasyTimeline, also the websources need retrieval dates. Secondly, such a major historical figure should have a few book sources. - Mgm|(talk) 11:53, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak object. Thought it was a good article, but there aren't any print references listed. Once that's fixed, I'd love to support. --Scimitar 14:10, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. It's certainly long and apparently comprehensive.  However, it's difficult to tell which sources are used for what, and the lack of print references is not good.  At times, the language veers toward POV; I think this could be fixed by better attributing statements to their sources.  (The article's diction is also sometimes florid and "unencyclopedic".  I personally don't care too much—better florid and factual than dry, proper and wrong.  Still, saying things like "fate had different plans" is not quite cricket.) Anville 19:09, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. A history article that long needs better referencing. --malathion talk 11:18, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Object It is a little on the POV side and is a bit thin on sources.Dejvid 12:59, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I'm undecisive about this one; I don't know whether I should support or object. This is quite a thorough article, I'll agree to that, but the Chronology section isn't really necessary (it simply summarises the history sections), plus I think, if any can be found, some references to Augustus in literature, maybe. --JB Adder | Talk 00:12, July 18, 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:65.189.250.208

title: User talk:65.189.250.208


text:
Ronald Allen

Ronald John Allen (16 December 1930 – 18 June 1991) was an English actor. He is most well known for playing David Hunter in the long-running ITV soap opera Crossroads, a role he played from 1969 to 1985.

Biography
Allen was born in Reading, Berkshire. He studied at Leighton Park School in Reading and trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London, where he won the John Gielgud Scholarship. He worked in repertory theatre and had a season at the Old Vic in London. Allen also appeared in several films, including A Night to Remember (1958) about the sinking of the Titanic, the espionage film A Circle of Deception (1960), the British horror films The Projected Man (1966) and The Fiend (1972), the war film Hell Boats (1970), and the black comedy Eat the Rich (1987).

After roles in the BBC soaps Compact (1963–64) and United! (1966–67) came his best-remembered role, in the long-running soap Crossroads (1969–85). Allen played David Hunter, who was a shareholder of the Crossroads Motel with Meg Mortimer, Tish Hope and Bernard Booth. He also twice appeared as a guest star in the science fiction programme Doctor Who, in the stories The Dominators (1968) and The Ambassadors of Death (1970).

Allen also frequently appeared as a guest in The Comic Strip Presents. In the first episode, Five Go Mad in Dorset (1982), which spoofed Enid Blyton's The Famous Five stories, he makes a surprise appearance as Uncle Quentin; deliberately sending up his staid image, he most memorably told The Famous Five, "Your Aunt Fanny is an unrelenting nymphomaniac – and I am a screaming homosexual". Allen reprised the role in the sequel Five Go Mad on Mescalin (1983), and also appeared in South Atlantic Raiders Part 2 (1990), The Strike (1988) and Oxford (1990), in addition to the feature film The Supergrass (1985). There was much comic mileage to be gained from Allen sending up his conservative image. In a 1987 interview, he said that he was approached by a very intimidating-looking punk who shook his hand and said, "I thought you were really cool in The Supergrass". Then, as he was about to walk away, he turned back and said, almost apologetically, "I loved you in Crossroads too!"

His other screen appearances included roles in television's The Adventures of Robin Hood (1957), Danger Man (1960, 1961), The Avengers (1964), and Bergerac (1990).

Allen's performance as David Hunter was also the inspiration for "Mr Clifford" in Victoria Wood's spoof soap Acorn Antiques in her 1980s comedy sketch series Victoria Wood: As Seen on TV. Duncan Preston played the role, mimicking Allen's appearance, mannerisms and particularly his "absurdly plummy" manner of speech.

In the 2023 ITVX miniseries Nolly, which dramatised the life of his former Crossroads colleague Noele Gordon, Allen was portrayed by Richard Lintern.

Personal life
Allen was in a relationship with actor Brian Hankins, who also appeared in Crossroads. They lived together for many years, until Hankins' death in 1978.

Allen was also very close friends with his co-star and on-screen wife, Sue Lloyd. The two became a couple and made their relationship public when the British media started to intrude into their private lives. In March 1991, when Allen learned that he had terminal cancer, he and Lloyd got engaged and married in May 1991. He died six weeks later, on 18 June 1991, at the age of 60. Lloyd died of cancer in 2011.

title: Ronald Allen


text:
Calculus (medicine)

A calculus (: calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis. Stones can cause a number of medical conditions.

Some common principles (below) apply to stones at any location, but for specifics see the particular stone type in question.

Calculi are not to be confused with gastroliths, which are ingested rather than grown endogenously.

Types

 * Calculi in the inner ear are called otoliths
 * Calculi in the urinary system are called urinary calculi and include kidney stones (also called renal calculi or nephroliths) and bladder stones (also called vesical calculi or cystoliths). They can have any of several compositions, including mixed. Principal compositions include oxalate and urate.
 * Calculi of the gallbladder and bile ducts are called gallstones and are primarily developed from bile salts and cholesterol derivatives.
 * Calculi in the nasal passages (rhinoliths) are rare.
 * Calculi in the gastrointestinal tract (enteroliths) can be enormous. Individual enteroliths weighing many pounds have been reported in horses.
 * Calculi in the stomach are called gastric calculi (not to be confused with gastroliths which are exogenous in nature).
 * Calculi in the salivary glands are called salivary calculi (sialoliths).
 * Calculi in the tonsils are called tonsillar calculi (tonsilloliths).
 * Calculi in the veins are called venous calculi (phleboliths).
 * Calculi in the skin, such as in sweat glands, are not common but occasionally occur.
 * Calculi in the navel are called omphaloliths.

Calculi are usually asymptomatic, and large calculi may have required many years to grow to their large size.

Cause

 * From an underlying abnormal excess of the mineral, e.g., with elevated levels of calcium (hypercalcaemia) that may cause kidney stones, dietary factors for gallstones.
 * Local conditions at the site in question that promote their formation, e.g., local bacteria action (in kidney stones) or slower fluid flow rates, a possible explanation of the majority of salivary duct calculus occurring in the submandibular salivary gland.
 * Enteroliths are a type of calculus found in the intestines of animals (mostly ruminants) and humans, and may be composed of inorganic or organic constituents.
 * Bezoars are lumps of indigestible material in the stomach and/or intestines; most commonly, they consist of hair (in which case they are also known as hairballs). A bezoar may form the nidus of an enterolith.

In kidney stones, calcium oxalate is the most common mineral type (see nephrolithiasis). Uric acid is the second most common mineral type, but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Pathophysiology
Stones can cause disease by several mechanisms:
 * Irritation of nearby tissues, causing pain, swelling, and inflammation
 * Obstruction of an opening or duct, interfering with normal flow and disrupting the function of the organ in question
 * Predisposition to infection (often due to disruption of normal flow)

A number of important medical conditions are caused by stones:
 * Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
 * Can cause hydronephrosis (swollen kidneys) and kidney failure
 * Can predispose to pyelonephritis (kidney infections)
 * Can progress to urolithiasis
 * Urolithiasis (urinary bladder stones)
 * Can progress to bladder outlet obstruction
 * Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
 * Can predispose to cholecystitis (gall bladder infections) and ascending cholangitis (biliary tree infection)
 * Can progress to choledocholithiasis (gallstones in the bile duct) and gallstone pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
 * Gastric calculi can cause colic, obstruction, torsion, and necrosis.

Diagnosis
Diagnostic workup varies by the stone type, but in general:

 * Clinical history and physical examination
 * Imaging studies:
 * Some stone types (mainly those with substantial calcium content) can be detected on X-ray and CT scan
 * Many stone types can be detected by ultrasound
 * Factors contributing to stone formation (as in ) are often tested:
 * Laboratory testing can give levels of relevant substances in blood or urine
 * Some stones can be directly recovered (at surgery, or when they leave the body spontaneously) and sent to a laboratory for analysis of content

Treatment
Modification of predisposing factors can sometimes slow or reverse stone formation. Treatment varies by stone type, but, in general:
 * Healthy diet and exercise (promotes flow of energy and nutrition)
 * Drinking fluids (water and electrolytes like lemon juice, diluted vinegar e.g. in pickles, salad dressings, sauces, soups, shrubs cocktail)
 * Surgery (lithotomy)
 * Medication / antibiotics
 * Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for removal of calculi

History
The earliest operation for curing stones is given in the Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE). The operation involved exposure and going up through the floor of the bladder.

The care of this disease was forbidden to the physicians that had taken the Hippocratic Oath because:
 * There was a high probability of intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications like infection or bleeding
 * The physicians would not perform surgery as in ancient cultures they were two different professions

Etymology
The word comes from Latin calculus "small stone", from calx "limestone, lime", probably related to Greek χάλιξ chalix "small stone, pebble, rubble", which many trace to a Proto-Indo-European language root for "split, break up". Calculus was a term used for various kinds of stones. In the 18th century it came to be used for accidental or incidental mineral buildups in human and animal bodies, like kidney stones and minerals on teeth.

title: Calculus (medicine)


text:
Bombay Flying Club

The Bombay Flying Club is the oldest flying club in India, established in 1928, located at Juhu aerodrome, Mumbai. At present, the Bombay Flying Club's College of Aviation offers programs such as pilot training, Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, and cabin crew, approved by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), and also BSc Aviation and BSc Aeronautics programs with affiliation from the University of Mumbai.

History
Bombay Flying Club was incorporated on 29 May 1928, and commenced instruction on 13 January 1929 when they received their first two De Havilland Moth aircraft, presented to them by the Government of India. A third aircraft,a D.H. Moth (Gipsy), was won by the Club as a prize offered by Sir Charles Wakefield to the first Indian flying club which should turn out 12 qualified pilots, of whom at least six were to be Indians. The Club used these aircraft for tuition, joy-rides, and air travel. The activities of the club were, unfortunately, limited by the fact that the aerodrome at Juhu was not suitable during the monsoon. This problem was solved by 1937. The Club received its licence to build a hangar and garages at the aerodrome on 17 August 1931.

JRD Tata, the father of Indian civil aviation, who received India's first pilot's licence, trained at this club in 1929. Lady Dinshaw Petit, his sister, became the first female to obtain a pilot licence in India.

Current status
It currently owns one Cessna 152 Aerobat, five Cessna 172s of which one is equipped with a Garmin G1000 glass cockpit, a twin engine Piper PA-34 Seneca and one Piper Super Cub PA-18. The Club shifted part of its training operations to Dhule Airport near the town of Dhule in 2009 to avoid the congested air-space of Mumbai. The Club leased the airstrip from the Maharashtra Airport Development Company in order to carry out its training activities without any restrictions. Despite the city's change of name, the club retains the old name; however, the flying training, hobby flying and members' flying continues at Juhu airport at Mumbai too.

title: Bombay Flying Club


text: Talk:Christina Aguilera/to do

title: Talk:Christina Aguilera/to do


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/American political shift

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT. Jinian 20:31, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

American political shift
Article is a dicdef and there is no evidence that the meaning of the term is what the article says. "American political shift" can mean anything. Yahoo search on "American political shift" with the quotes returns 11 hits of which 4 are Wikipedia or Wikipedia mirrors, and the other 7 have no relation at all to the definition given in the article. Delete. Kaibabsquirrel 05:50, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I heard about this before; perhaps it should get a clearer name, but I think we should definately keep and expand it. Djadek 08:51, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete--2 reasons. First of all, this isn't an actual term used in political science or history, it's a neologism--the search engine results show this, and I've never heard it despite a political science degree and years of inspired nerdiness. Secondly, it grossly oversimplifies a hundred years of U.S. history, and is thus quite inaccurate. I would vote keep if this were a notable inaccuracy, but it is not. Meelar (talk) 14:45, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Neologism; Merge into Politics of the United States, which does have historical info such as this. Dcarrano 14:47, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Realignment. Don't merge, this info is covered better elsewhere. Christopher Parham (talk) 16:53, 2005 July 11 (UTC)
 * Redirect to realignment which is the common name for this subject. Capitalistroadster 23:23, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would support a redirect as suggested by Christopher Parham and Capitalistroadster. Note: Realignment actually redirects to Realigning election right now. Kaibabsquirrel 00:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case, shouldn't the article be called 'American realignment'?80.61.232.49 09:01, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Eventually the page might warrant being broken up, but right now it's best to keep them in one place, since all the examples provide additional context to each other. Christopher Parham (talk) 16:07, 2005 July 12 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Thakingkobra

I love all XBOX related things, including XBOX 360.

GTA Guide
Just letting you know that Wikipedia doesn't host guides to video games.. maybe you should think about submitting your guide to Wikibooks or GameFAQs. Your guide will probably be deleted here. It's nothing personal, it's just not an encyclopedia topic. Rhobite 06:13, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thakingkobra


text:
Bayabas

Bayabas may refer to:

 * The common name for the guava in the Philippines
 * Bayabas, Surigao del Sur

title: Bayabas


text:
Hurlingham Polo Association

The Hurlingham Polo Association (HPA) is the governing body for polo in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United Arab Emirates and many other countries. The Federation of International Polo produces the International Rules of Polo through a cooperative agreement with the Hurlingham Polo Association, the Asociacion Argentina de Polo, and the United States Polo Association.

Within its jurisdiction, the Hurlingham Polo Association is responsible for implementing the rules of polo and for disciplining players who commit infractions against these rules. It also designates handicaps for each of the 2,500 or so players in the UK. It drew up the first set of formal British rules in 1875, many of which are still in existence.

History
The association originated as the Hurlingham Polo Committee in 1875 (which drew up the first English rules). The Hurlingham Polo Committee was re-titled as the Hurlingham Club Polo Committee and expanded to include representatives on the council from the Services, the County Polo Association (formed in 1898 to look after the interests of the country clubs and to run the County Cup Tournaments), the three London polo clubs - Hurlingham, Ranelagh and Roehampton - and from all associations within the Empire where polo was being played in 1903. Later, in 1925, the Hurlingham Club Polo Committee was re-designated as the Hurlingham Polo Association.

title: Hurlingham Polo Association


text:
Evolution/Revolution

Evolution/Revolution: The Early Years (1966–1974) is a two-CD compilation of live stand-up comedy recordings by comedian and actor Richard Pryor, that predates his 1974 mainstream breakthrough album That Nigger's Crazy.

The album was primarily compiled from tapes recorded by Laff Records between 1966 and 1974. By 1968, Pryor had only recorded and released one album up to that point, the eponymous debut that was released by Dove/Reprise and featured a much milder Pryor.

Background
In 1970 Pryor signed with Laff Records to record and release his second album, the underground classic Craps (After Hours). After its release in February 1971, Pryor sought out a larger label for his next album but didn't find it until 1974 when he signed with Stax Records, who originally released That Nigger's Crazy. Laff promptly sued Pryor, but a settlement allowed Pryor to become a free agent in exchange for allowing Laff to release all previously unissued material with them. After Pryor signed with Warner Bros. Records in 1975, where he kicked his recording career into high gear with the release of ...Is It Something I Said? and the reissue of That Nigger's Crazy, Laff began rushing out badly packaged and mastered albums to piggyback Pryor's Warner Bros. releases.

Between 1971 and 1983, Laff released twelve albums worth of Pryor material, but spread out the contents amongst twenty different albums, including releases that either repackaged older albums with new titles and covers, or albums that paired Pryor tracks from Craps with previously issued material from other comedians who had recorded for Laff (including Redd Foxx).

In 2002, Pryor and his wife/manager Jennifer Lee Pryor won the legal rights all of the Laff material with Pryor's name on it—over 40 hours of unedited reel-to-reel tapes—containing recordings both issued and unissued. Jennifer Lee Pryor then gave Reggie Collins and Steve Pokorny, the men who had previously compiled the ...And It's Deep Too! The Complete Warner Bros. Recordings (1968–1992) nine-CD box set and its companion 2-CD Anthology for Rhino, access to all of the tapes.

Disc 1 contains what is said to be the best of the material Laff had released on record after 1974, while Disc 2 contains the entire Craps album plus other unreleased material, including the unedited version of Pryor's entire Wattstax monologue.

The album packaging also contains liner notes from journalist David Felton, who had interviewed Pryor several times, including around the time of That Nigger's Crazy's release and after Pryor had his 1980 free-basing accident.

Disc One: Evolution (1966–1968)

 * 1) "Peoria"
 * 2) "Improv, Pt. 1"
 * 3) "Heart & Brain"
 * 4) "Taxi Cabs & Subways"
 * 5) "Playboy Club"
 * 6) "Rumpelstiltskin"
 * 7) "Slippin' In Poo Poo"
 * 8) "Birth Control"
 * 9) "Nigger Babies"
 * 10) "Faith Healer"
 * 11) "Black Power"
 * 12) "I Feel"
 * 13) "Jail"
 * 14) "Prison Play" (aka Black Ben The Blacksmith)
 * 15) "Directions"
 * 16) "Movie Stars In The Bathroom"
 * 17) "War Movies"
 * 18) "The Army"
 * 19) "Hippy Dippys"
 * 20) "Hank's Place"
 * 21) "Improv, Pt. 2"
 * 22) "Mankind"

Recording Details
Disc One recorded live at:
 * The Hungry I, San Francisco, CA, February 1966 (Tracks 1, 2)
 * unknown venue, July 15, 1967 (Tracks 4, 5)
 * P.J.'s, Hollywood, CA, May 24 & 25, 1968 (Tracks 7–11)
 * The Troubador, West Hollywood, April 1968 (Tracks 14, 15, 21, 22) and July 26–29, 1968 (remainder)

Disc Two: Revolution (1971–1974)

 * 1) Prelude
 * 2) Gettin' High
 * 3) Fuck From Memory
 * 4) Big Tits
 * 5) Gettin' Some
 * 6) The President
 * 7) Asshole
 * 8) The Line-Up
 * 9) Masturbating
 * 10) Religion
 * 11) Black Preachers
 * 12) Being Born
 * 13) Blow Our Image
 * 14) Blackjack
 * 15) I Spy Cops
 * 16) Sugar Ray
 * 17) White Folks
 * 18) Indians
 * 19) Ass Wupin'
 * 20) Got A Dollar
 * 21) Pres' Black Baby
 * 22) Doope
 * 23) Wino Panthers
 * 24) After Hours
 * 25) 280 Pound Ass
 * 26) Crap Game
 * 27) Insurance Man
 * 28) Black And Proud
 * 29) Gettin' The Nut
 * 30) Fuck The Faggot
 * 31) Jackin' Off
 * 32) Snappin' Pussy
 * 33) Fartin'
 * 34) Wattstax Monologue:
 * 35) *Niggers
 * 36) *The Handshake
 * 37) *Rummage Sale/Stylin'
 * 38) *Whitey
 * 39) *"Justifiable Homicide"
 * 40) *Super Nigger
 * 41) *Marijawani
 * 42) Whorehouse, Pt. 1
 * 43) Whorehouse, Pt. 2
 * 44) Niggers & Italians
 * 45) Jim Brown (alternate version)
 * 46) Black Films
 * 47) Jesus Saves
 * 48) Street Corner Wino ("Wino & Junkie" intro)
 * 49) Wino & Junkie
 * 50) Interview

Recording Details
Disc Two recorded live at:
 * The Redd Foxx Club, Hollywood, CA, January 1971 (Tracks 2-33—the entire Craps (After Hours) album)
 * Laney College, Oakland, CA, February 25, 1971 (Track 35)
 * Basin Street West, San Francisco, CA, February 26, 1971 (Tracks 36, 42)
 * unknown venue, Los Angeles, CA, May 30, 1971 (Track 1)
 * The Summit Club, Hollywood, CA, October 8, 1972, for use in the motion picture Wattstax (Track 34)
 * The Comedy Store, Hollywood, CA, October 29-November 1, 1973 (Tracks 37–41)
 * unknown location in San Francisco Bay Area, Fall 1974 (Track 43)

Primary Recording Credits

 * Known Original Producers: Richard Pryor, Robert Marchese & David Drozen
 * Executive Producer (Craps (After Hours)): Louis Drozen
 * Known Original Engineers: Ron Johnson, Gabby Garcia, Chris Chigaridas
 * Compilation Produced By: Reggie Collins and Steve Pokorny
 * Supervising Producer: Jennifer Lee Pryor
 * Executive Producer: Richard Pryor

title: Evolution/Revolution


text:
Ivernian

Ivernian may refer to:

 * one of the Iverni
 * Primitive Irish
 * Ivernic language

title: Ivernian