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Tony Meehan

Daniel Joseph Anthony Meehan (2 March 1943 – 28 November 2005 ) was a founder member of the British group the Drifters with Jet Harris, Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch, which evolved into the Shadows. He played drums on early Cliff Richard and the Shadows hits and on early Shadows' instrumentals.

Meehan was professionally nicknamed "The Baron" by his many admirers and friends within the British pop-rock music industry. He is reckoned to have influenced many thousands of teenage boys and adolescents to take up music as a career, including Mick Fleetwood of Fleetwood Mac, as a result of his iconic film performance in Cliff Richard's film The Young Ones. His drumming style (cf. "Bongo Blues", "Apache") is noticeably different from that of other drummers who the Shadows employed during 1958–2010 such as Brian Bennett, Clem Cattini and Trevor Spencer. In his contribution to the 1961 book The Shadows by Themselves, Meehan gives advice to all would-be drummers on drum-kit care and maintenance.

Biography
Meehan was born to Irish Catholic parents at New End Hospital, New End, Hampstead, north eest London, England. He was 10 when he became interested in playing drums. By 13, he had his first job with a band playing in a dance hall in Willesden, London. He also played timpani with the London Youth Orchestra.

Meehan left the Shadows in October 1961 to work as an arranger/producer and session drummer for Joe Meek (John Leyton, Michael Cox: "Young Only Once", Andy Cavell) and from early 1962 at Decca Records. He teamed again with Harris (who had also left the Shadows and moved to Decca) and as a duo had success with the instrumental "Diamonds" which also included Jimmy Page on acoustic rhythm guitar. "Diamonds" was a number one hit in the UK. Harris and Meehan had two further hit singles together – "Scarlett O'Hara" and "Applejack".

On 1 January 1962, the Beatles were auditioned at Decca by Meehan, performing a selection of covers they had performed in various clubs over the years, interspersed with three Lennon–McCartney originals. The Beatles later found out that their manager Brian Epstein had paid Meehan to produce the recordings made that day in order for the Beatles to retain ownership of the tapes. Decca rejected the Beatles choosing the Tremeloes, who auditioned the same day as the Beatles. After talks with Epstein, Decca did arrange for Meehan to produce the Beatles at Decca if the Beatles manager agreed to cover the expenses of about £100. On 7 February 1962, Epstein met Meehan, who made condescending comments about the Beatles' audition. With the meeting not going well and Epstein not impressed with Meehan, Epstein rejected the Decca offer.

Meehan briefly played with the Shadows some years later when Brian Bennett was in hospital. He quit the music industry in the 1990s for a major career change as a psychologist, as a result of a lifelong hobby/interest. He worked in London at a local college lecturing in psychology until his death. He was a regular churchgoer at his local Roman Catholic church in Maida Vale.

Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)

 * 1956 – (Skiffle Trio):
 * John 'Frog' Steiner (guitar/vocals), Tony Kessler (guitar/harmonica) and Tony Meehan (washboard/side-drum)
 * 1956–57 – (Trad-Irish-band):
 * Billy Flynn (guitar/vocals), Raymond Cleary (guitar), David Rees (stand-up bass guitar) and Tony Meehan (washboard)
 * 1958 – The Vipers:
 * Wally Whyton (vocals/guitar), Johnny Booker (vocals/guitar), Freddy Lloyd (vocals/guitar) Jet Harris (bass) and Tony Meehan (drums)

Death
On 29 November 2005, BBC News quoted Bruce Welch as saying that Meehan had died the previous day, as a result of head injuries, following a fall down the main staircase at his London flat in Maida Vale. Meehan died at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London.

"As the drummer with the Shadows, Tony Meehan helped to lay the foundations for British rock’n’roll, both backing Cliff Richard and on a long string of instrumental hits recorded under the group's own name. John Lennon once claimed that before Cliff and the Shadows, there had been nothing worth listening to in British music. As the first backing band to emerge as stars in their own right, they were early trailblazers for the beat-group boom that eclipsed them. – Shadows drummer who became an A&R man for Decca – The Times (Obituaries), 30 November 2005."

At his death, Meehan had been twice married and had seven children.

Groupography

 * The Vipers Skiffle Group
 * The Drifters
 * Cliff Richard and the Drifters
 * The Shadows
 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows
 * Jet Harris & Tony Meehan
 * The Tony Meehan Combo

Performance credits

 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows – "Cliff Sings" – 1959 /1960 (Columbia/ABC Paramount)
 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows – "Me and My Shadows" – 1960 (Columbia)
 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows – "The Young Ones" – 1961 (Columbia)
 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows – "Move It" – 1958 (Columbia)
 * Cliff Richard and the Shadows – "Living Doll" – 1959 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "Apache" – 1960 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "Wonderful Land" – 1960 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "Man of Mystery" – 1960 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "The Shadows" – 1961 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "Kon-Tiki" – 1961 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "F.B.I." – 1961 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "See You in My Drums" – 1961 (Columbia)
 * The Shadows – "Meeting with the Shadows" – 1962 (Columbia – 33QPX 8027)
 * Roger Daltrey – "Ride A Rock Horse" – 1975 (Track / MCA)

Albums

 * Remembering – LP – Decca
 * Best of – CD
 * Diamonds and Gems – CD

Singles

 * "Diamonds" / "Footstomp" – 7" – Decca, #1 on British charts
 * "Scarlett O'Hara" / "Hully Gully" – 7" – Decca #2 on British charts
 * "Applejack" / "Tall Texan" – 7" – Decca, #4 on British charts

EPs

 * Jet and Tony – EP – Decca 33 on British EP charts

As solo artist

 * "Song of Mexico" / "Kings Go Fifth" – 7" – Decca – 1964
 * "Zola / Reaching Out For Gold" – 1984 (Magus)

Albums

 * Donal Donnelly – Take the Name of Donnelly – 1968 (Decca)
 * Tim Hardin – Painted Head – 1973 (CBS)
 * Danny Mcbride – "Morningside" – 1973 (CBS)
 * John Howard – Kid in a Big World – 1975 (CBS 80473)
 * Kevin Westlake – Stars Fade (In Hotel Rooms) – 1976 (UTOPIA 1–1388)
 * Roger Daltrey – One of the Boys – 1977 (MCA)
 * Eric Burdon – Darkness Darkness – 1980 (Polydor)
 * Kim & The Cadillacs – Rock Bottom – 1980 (Ariston Music AR/LP/12379) (Italian release)

Singles

 * Louise Cordet – "I'm Just a Baby" / "In a Matter of Moments" – 1962 (Decca)
 * Jay and Tommy Scott – "Angela" / "Did You" – 1962 (Decca)
 * Jet Harris & Tony Meehan – Diamonds" / "Footstomp" 1963 – (Decca)
 * Jet Harris & Tony Meehan – "Scarlett O'Hara" / "Hully Gully" 1963 – (Decca)
 * Jet Harris & Tony Meehan – "Applejack" / "Tall Texan" – 1963 – (Decca)
 * Tony Meehan – "Song of Mexico" / "Kings Go Fifth" – 7" – Decca – 1964
 * Louise Cordet – "Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying" / "Loving Baby" – 1964 (Decca)
 * Glyn Johns – "Old Deceiver Time" b/w "Dancing With You" 1963 (Decca F11753)
 * Jet Harris – "My Lady" / "You Don't Live Twice" – 1964 (Decca)
 * Glyn Johns – "Today You're Gone" b/w "Such Stuff of Dreams" 1965 (Lyntone LYN 827)
 * Glyn Johns – "I'll Follow The Sun" b/w "I'll Take You Dancing" 1965 (Pye 7N 15818)
 * Glyn Johns – "Mary Anne" b/w "Like Grains of Yellow Sand" 1965 (Immediate IM 013)
 * Glyn Johns – "Lady Jane" feat. Brian Jones on Sitar 1966
 * Les Anges – "Une Fille, Mais Qu'Est-Ce Que C'Est" (7", EP) – 1967 (Odeon/EMI MEO 141) (French release)
 * Wishful Thinking – "Peanuts / Cherry, Cherry" – 1967 (Decca/Southern Music F 12627)
 * Wishful Thinking – "Meet The Sun / Easier Said Than Loving You" – 1967 (Decca F22673)
 * Wishful Thinking – "Count to Ten / Hang Around Girl" – 1967 (Decca F 12598)
 * The Dalys – "Sweet Maria / Leaving Time" – 1967 (Fontana TF 809)
 * The Dalys – "A Fistful of Dollars / The Man With No Name" – 1967 (Fontana TF 841)
 * Richard Anthony – "Put Your Head on My Shoulder" – 1967 (Columbia/Sparta Music DB 8143)
 * White Trash – "Road to Nowhere" / "Illusions" – 1969 (Apple)
 * Trash – "Golden Slumbers/Carry That Weight" / "Trash Can" – 1969 (Apple)
 * Keith Meehan – "Darkness of My Life / Hooker St." – 1969 (Marmalade)
 * Frabjoy And Runcible Spoon – "I'm Beside Myself / Animal Song" – 1969 (Marmalade 598019)
 * Hank Marvin – "Break Another Dawn / Morning Star" – 1970 (Columbia DB 8693)
 * Cody – "I Belong with You" / "Wanna Make You Happy" – 1971 (Polydor/Atco)
 * Colin Blunstone – "It's Magical / Summersong" – 1974 (Epic)
 * Darryl Read – "High Rise Angry Young Man" – 1981 (on "Collectomatic vol I" – LP—1997 (white label))

title: Tony Meehan


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User talk:Esjones

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! HKT talk 18:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Esjones


text:
User:Eljohnny

I don't have much interesting to say at the moment. So, hey, check out the links section while you wait.

Various Links

 * Club DEVO
 * Bruce Campbell Online
 * Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Adventure Game - Edition One
 * Japanese Online

title: User:Eljohnny


text:
Sodium ferulate

Sodium ferulate, the sodium salt of ferulic acid, is a compound used in traditional Chinese medicine thought to be useful for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to prevent thrombosis, although there is no high-quality clinical evidence for such effects. It is found in the root of Angelica sinensis. As of 2005, it was under preliminary clinical research in China. Ferulic acid can also be extracted from the root of the Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong.

Kraft Foods patented the use of sodium ferulate to mask the aftertaste of the artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium.

title: Sodium ferulate


text:
Anna, Lady Miller

Anna, Lady Miller (née Riggs; 1741 – 24 June 1781) was an English poet, travel writer, heiress and salon hostess.

Biography
Anna was the daughter of Edward Riggs, by his wife, Margaret Pigott, of the historic house of Chetwynd, Shropshire. Her grandfather, Edward Riggs, had been a member of the Irish House of Commons, a commissioner of revenue, and a Privy Councillor in Ireland, and Anna inherited much of his wealth. Her father became a commissioner of customs in London in 1741. Horace Walpole described Anna's mother in 1765 as an old rough humourist, who passed for a wit. Fanny Burney characterised her as mighty merry and facetious.

In 1765 Anna married John Miller, a member of a poor Irish family seated at Ballicasey, County Clare. Miller had served through the Seven Years' War, but resigned his commission at the peace of 1763. Anna brought him a large fortune, and he adopted her maiden surname before his own. At extravagant cost he built a house at Batheaston, near Bath, and laid out a garden, of which Walpole gave a detailed description.

However, the expense of the couple's lifestyle soon demanded that they economise and they moved to France and made a tour of the Italian antiquities. In 1776 Anna's lively letters sent to a friend during her travels were published anonymously in three volumes. A second edition, in two volumes, appeared in 1777. The book did enjoy some success but Walpole's opinion was that "The poor Arcadian patroness does not spell one word of French or Italian right through her three volumes of travel".

John Miller became a baronet in 1778 and Anna became Lady Miller. She instituted a fortnightly literary salon at her villa. Lee characterised the salon as bearing "some resemblance to the later follies of the Della Cruscans". In Italy, Lady Miller had purchased an antique vase, dug up at Frascati in 1759. The vase was placed on an "altar" decorated with laurel, and each guest was invited to place in the urn an original composition in verse. A committee was appointed to determine the best three productions, and their authors were then crowned by Lady Miller with wreaths of myrtle. The practice was continued until Lady Miller's death. The urn was then purchased by Edwyn Dowding, of Bath, and placed by him in the public park of the town. The society became famous, and was much laughed at. Anthony Morris Storer, writing to George Selwyn, observed, "Their next subject is upon Trifles and Triflers. Edward Drax was one of the attendees at the soirees and he and Miller were satirised in an article in the Morning Post in 1778:

"Tho' sceptics doubt at Bath we know / That Chance not Order, reign below, / Else why 'gainst Sense and Nature's rule, / Does M-LL-R keep the Muses School? / Chance too, Oh! DR-X, makes thee a poet: /Who read they verse must surely know it"

- Anon

You may try your hand at an ode, and I do not doubt but you may be crowned with myrtle for your performance". Walpole, in a letter to Henry Seymour Conway, said, "I am glad you went [to Bath], especially as you escaped being initiated into Mrs. Miller's follies at Bath-Easton." Fanny Burney, while on a visit to Bath in 1780, was introduced to Lady Miller by Hester Thrale, and wrote, "Nothing here is more tonish than to visit Lady Miller. She is a round, plump, coarse-looking dame of about forty, and while all her aim is to appear an elegant woman of fashion, all her success is to seem an ordinary woman in very common life, with fine clothes on."

A selection of the compositions was published in 1775. The edition was sold out within ten days and a new edition appeared in 1776 with a second volume of poems. Walpole called the book a bouquet of artificial flowers, and ten degrees duller than a magazine. A third volume was published in 1777, and a fourth in 1781. The profits of the sale were donated to charity. Among the contributors were the Duchess of Northumberland, who wrote on a buttered muffin, Lord Palmerston, Lord Carlisle, Christopher Anstey, William Mason, David Garrick, Anna Seward, and Lady Miller herself, to whom most of the writers paid extravagant compliments.

Samuel Johnson held the collection in high contempt. Sir Walter Scott believed that Seward's talents were discovered by Lady Miller, and Seward acknowledged her help in her Poem to the Memory of Lady Miller. Besides the works already mentioned, a volume by Lady Miller entitled On Novelty, and on Trifles and Triflers, appeared in 1778.

Lady Miller died on 24 June 1781, at the Hot Wells, Bristol, and was buried in the Abbey Church, Bath. On her monument, designed by John Bacon and erected in 1785, there is an epitaph in verse, composed by Seward. She left two children, a son and a daughter.

Family
Sir John Riggs Miller, who inherited his wife's fortune, married, after 1786, the widow of Sir Thomas Davenport. He sat in parliament for a time and settling in Bloomsbury Square, he became known in London society as an inveterate gossip and newsmonger, and was a well-known figure in many London clubs. He died suddenly on 28 May 1798, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son by his first marriage, John Edward Augustus Miller (1770–1825).

title: Anna, Lady Miller


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Queensbury, West Yorkshire

Queensbury is a village in the metropolitan borough and city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. Perched on a high vantage point above Halifax, Clayton and Thornton and overlooking Bradford, Queensbury is one of the highest parishes in England, with views beyond the West Yorkshire conurbation to the hills of Brontë Country and the Yorkshire Dales to the north and north west. Its population of 8,718 in 2001 increased to 16,273 in the 2011 Census.

Queensbury is known as being the home of Black Dyke Mills, and the Black Dyke Band.

History
Queensbury was originally known as Queenshead, a name derived from a local public house, now a house on the High Street, which was popular with travellers on the pack horse route from Halifax to Bradford.

Governance
The village was divided between the township of Clayton in the parish of Bradford, and the township of Northowram in the parish of Halifax, both in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It became a civil parish and urban district in 1894. In 1937 the civil parish was abolished, and the urban district was merged into the new Queensbury and Shelf Urban District. In 1974, the urban district was split; Queensbury was transferred to the City of Bradford in the new county of West Yorkshire.

Queensbury is a ward in Bradford Metropolitan District in the county of West Yorkshire, named after the village. It includes the villages of Clayton Heights and Horton Bank Top as well as a number of hamlets: Ambler Thorn, Calder Banks, Catherine Slack, Hazel Hirst, Hunger Hill, Little Moor, Mountain, Old Dolphin, Scarlet Heights, Shibden Head and West Scholes.

The ward typically voted for BNP and Conservative party councillors in the 2000s, however the decline of the BNP in the late 2000s and early 2010s saw a period of Conservative dominance in the ward. The 2020s have seen the first Labour councillors elected from Queensbury, amidst a national decline in Conservative party fortunes, and local disputes between candidates and the Conservative party caucuses causing the defections of Robert Hargreaves and Luke Majkowski in 2021 and 2022.

indicates seat up for re-election. indicates councillor defection. indicates a by-election.

Black Dyke Mills
Black Dyke Mills was built from 1835 onwards by John Foster as a wool spinning and weaving mill specialising in worsted and mohair fabric, and by 1851 dominated the town. John Foster & Son, the owners of Black Dyke Mills, were responsible for the construction of many of the buildings in and around Queensbury, each being for the benefit of the employees, be it housing or accommodation, shops or leisure facilities. In 1891, the company erected the Victoria Hall in Queensbury for the benefit of its workers and the local community - it had a concert hall, with gallery to seat 650 people, library, billiards room and many other facilities. It also sponsored the Black Dyke Mills Band, a band of international renown.

The mill has now been converted into individual business units. The company now manufactures elsewhere in the area.

Music
As well as being home to the world famous Black Dyke Band, Queensbury is also noted for its strong musical heritage. Home to the world-class rehearsal studio Backfeed, notable musical residents Giles Stocks and Joe Irish of Jon Jones and the Beatnik Movement, pop-punk trio State of Error, and the bands of the Sherry family, including the nationally successful Scarlet Heights (named after the hamlet), The Bad Beat Revue and Ti Amo.

Transport
Three railway lines once converged on Queensbury, one each from Halifax, Keighley and Bradford, known as the Queensbury Lines, all belonging to the Great Northern Railway (later the London & North Eastern Railway). Where they met was located Queensbury station, which famously consisted of continuous platforms on all three sides of a triangular junction, an uncommon layout in the United Kingdom (the only other examples were Ambergate, on the Midland Railway in Derbyshire and Earlestown in Lancashire).

A short distance from the station on the Halifax line was Queensbury Tunnel, 2501 yd in length (the second longest on the Great Northern system after Ponsbourne Tunnel in Hertfordshire), while close by on the Bradford line was Clayton Tunnel at 1057 yd. All these lines were closed to passengers in May 1955, later to freight in the 1960s, before finally closing to all traffic in 1972–74.

The main Bradford to Halifax road A647 road runs through the village as well as the A644 road. These roads intersect at the Albert Memorial. First Calderdale & Huddersfield & First Bradford bus route 576, runs through the village between Bradford and Halifax along the A647 road.

title: Queensbury, West Yorkshire


text:
User talk:ABraiman

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! HKT talk 18:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:ABraiman


text:
OpenEHR

openEHR is an open standard specification in health informatics that describes the management and storage, retrieval and exchange of health data in electronic health records (EHRs). In openEHR, all health data for a person is stored in a "one lifetime", vendor-independent, person-centred EHR. The openEHR specifications include an EHR Extract specification but are otherwise not primarily concerned with the exchange of data between EHR-systems as this is the focus of other standards such as EN 13606 and HL7.

The openEHR specifications are maintained by the openEHR Foundation, a not for profit foundation supporting the open research, development, and implementation of openEHR EHRs. The specifications are based on a combination of 15 years of European and Australian research and development into EHRs and new paradigms, including what has become known as the archetype methodology for specification of content.

The openEHR specifications include information and service models for the EHR, demographics, clinical workflow and archetypes. They are designed to be the basis of a medico-legally sound, distributed, versioned EHR infrastructure.

Architecture
The architecture of the openEHR specifications as a whole consists of the following key elements:

 * information models (aka 'Reference Model');
 * the archetype formalism;
 * the portable archetype query language;
 * service models / APIs.

The use of the first two enable the development of 'archetypes' and 'templates', which are formal models of clinical and related content, and constitute a layer of de facto standards of their own, far more numerous than the base specifications on which they are built. The query language enables queries to be built based on the archetypes, rather than physical database schemata, thus decoupling queries from physical persistence details. The service models define access to key back-end services, including the EHR Service and Demographics Service, while a growing set of lightweight REST-based APIs based on archetype paths are used for application access.

The openEHR Architecture Overview provides a summary of the architecture and the detailed specifications.

Reference model
A central part of the openEHR specifications is the set of information models, known in openEHR as 'reference models'. The models constitute the base information models for openEHR systems, and define the invariant semantics of the Electronic Health Record (EHR), EHR Extract, and Demographics model, as well as supporting data types, data structures, identifiers and useful design patterns.

Some of the key classes in the EHR component are the ENTRY classes, whose subtypes include OBSERVATION, EVALUATION, INSTRUCTION, ACTION and ADMIN_ENTRY, as well as the Instruction State Machine, a state machine defining a standard model of the lifecycle of interventions, including medication orders, surgery and other therapies.

Archetypes and multi-level modelling
A key innovation in the openEHR framework is to leave all specification of clinical information out of the information model (also known as "reference model") and instead to provide a powerful means of expressing definitions of the content clinicians and patients need to record that can be directly consumed at runtime by systems built on the Reference Model. This is justified by the need to deal scalably with the generic problem in health of a very large, growing, and ever-changing set of information types.

Clinical content is specified in terms of two types of artefact which exist outside the information model. The first, known as "archetypes" provides a place to formally define re-usable data point and data group definitions, i.e. content items that will be re-used in numerous contexts. Typical examples include "systemic arterial blood pressure measurement" and "serum sodium". Many such data points occur in logical groups, e.g. the group of data items to document an allergic reaction, or the analytes in a liver function test result. Some archetypes contain numerous data points, e.g. 50, although a more common number is 10-20. A collection of archetypes can be understood as a "library" of re-usable domain content definitions, with each archetype functioning as a "governance unit", whose contents are co-designed, reviewed and published.

The second kind of artefact is known in openEHR as a "template", and is used to logically represent a use case-specific data-set, such as the data items making up a patient discharge summary, or a radiology report. A template is constructed by referencing relevant items from a number of archetypes. A template might only require one or two data points or groups from each archetype. In terms of the technical representation, openEHR templates cannot violate the semantics of the archetypes from which they are constructed. Templates are almost always developed for local use by software developers and clinical analysts. Templates are typically defined for GUI screen forms, message definitions and document definitions, and as such, correspond to "operational" content definitions.

The justification for the two layers of models over and above the information model is that if data set definitions consist of pre-defined data points from a library of such definitions, then all recorded data (i.e. instances of templates) will ultimately just be instances of the standard content definitions. This provides a basis for standardised querying to work. Without the archetype "library" level, every data set (i.e. chunk of operational content) is uniquely defined and a standard approach to querying is difficult.

Accordingly, openEHR defines a method of querying based on archetypes, known as AQL (Archetype Querying Language).

Notably, openEHR has been used to model shared care plan. The archetypes have been designed to accommodate the concepts of the shared care plan.

While individual health records may be vastly different in content, the core information in openEHR data instances always complies to archetypes. The way this works is by creating archetypes which express clinical information in a way that is highly reusable, even universal in some cases.

Archetype formalism
openEHR archetypes are expressed in "Archetype Definition Language", an openEHR public specification. Two versions are available: ADL 1.4, and ADL 2, a new release with better support for specialisation, redefinition and annotations, among other improvements. The 1.4 release of ADL and its "object model" counterpart Archetype Object Model (AOM) are the basis for the CEN and ISO "Archetype Definition Language" standard (ISO standard 13606-2).

Templates have historically been developed in a simple, de facto industry-developed XML format, known as ".oet", after the file extension. ADL 2 defines a way to express templates seamlessly with archetypes, using extensions of the ADL language.

Quality assurance of archetypes
Various principles for developing archetypes have been identified. For example, a set of openEHR archetypes needs to be quality managed to conform to a number of axioms such as being mutually exclusive. The archetypes can be managed independently from software implementations and infrastructure, in the hands of clinician groups to ensure they meet the real needs on the ground. Archetypes are designed to allow the specification of clinical knowledge to evolve and develop over time. Challenges in implementation of information designs expressed in openEHR centre on the extent to which actual system constraints are in harmony with the information design.

In the field of Electronic health records there are a number of existing information models with overlaps in their scope which are difficult to manage, such as between HL7 V3 and SNOMED CT. The openEHR approach faces harmonisation challenges unless used in isolation.

International collaboration
Following the openEHR approach, the use of shared and governed archetypes globally would ensure openEHR health data could be consistently manipulated and viewed, regardless of the technical, organisational and cultural context. This approach also means the actual data models used by any EHR are flexible, given that new archetypes may be defined to meet future needs of clinical record keeping. Recently, work in Australia has demonstrated how archetypes and templates may be used to facilitate the use of legacy health record and message data in an openEHR health record system, and output standardised messages and CDA documents.

The prospect of gaining agreement on design and on forms of governance at the international level remains speculative, with influences ranging from the diverse medico-legal environments to cultural variations, to technical variations such as the extent to which a reference clinical terminology is to be integral.

The openEHR framework is consistent with the Electronic Health Record Communication Standard (ISO 13606), and the Archetype Object Model 2 (AOM2) has been officially accepted by ISO TC 215 as the draft specification for the 2017 revision of ISO 13606:2.

International adoption
openEHR archetypes are being used by the National e-Health Transition Authority of Australia, the UK NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC), the Norwegian Nasjonal IKT organisation, and the Slovenian Ministry of Health.

openEHR has been selected as the basis for the standardised EHR in Brazil.

It is beginning to be utilised in commercial solutions throughout the world, including those produced by the openEHR Industry Partners.

Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM)
One of the outcomes of openEHR modelling approach is the open development of archetypes, templates and terminology subsets to represent health data. Due to the open nature of openEHR, these structures are publicly available to be used and implemented in health information systems. Community users are able to share, discuss and approve these structures in a collaborative repository known as the Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM). Some currently used openEHR CKMs:
 * openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager
 * NEHTA Clinical Knowledge Manager
 * UK Clinical Knowledge Manager
 * Norwegian National ICT Clinical Knowledge Manager
 * Slovenian MoH Clinical Knowledge Manager

title: OpenEHR


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José María Rosa

José María Rosa (August 20, 1906 – July 2, 1991), also known as Pepe Rosa, was an Argentine historian, one of the most notable of the Argentine nationalist revisionist historians.

Biography
Rosa was born in Buenos Aires in 1906. He studied law, later teaching history at high schools and universities. In 1938, he established in Santa Fe the Institute of Federalist Studies, studying the history of Argentina under a revisionist viewpoint. His view of the past was used to justify critics of contemporary country, and considered that there was an ongoing neglect of national authorities of national interests since the May Revolution. Those viewpoints, as well as the positive image of Juan Manuel de Rosas, were shared by all revisionists, but they were divided by the rise of the peronism. Unlike Julio Irazusta, who was anti-Perón, Rosa supported his government. His support increased when the Revolución Libertadora attempted a coup against Perón; he would join the Perónist resistance.

From there, Rosa started working in the history of the Argentine population, which he saw as potentially revolutionary at times, but always oppressed by the higher classes. He saw Perónism as a revolutionary movement, capable of promoting the delayed changes in society. He supported in 1956 the failed attempt of general Valle against Aramburu. Fearing a political reaction, he moved to Uruguay and then to Spain, returning in 1958. He joined the Juan Manuel de Rosas National Institute of Historical Investigations, becoming its president several times. He was designated ambassador to Paraguay during the third government of Perón; he would resign following his death and moved to Greece. He returned during the National Reorganization Process; however, his books were banned and taken out of public libraries. He founded a magazine called Línea ("The voice of those who do not have a voice"), which was censored many times. He died on July 2, 1991.

At his request, November 20 was declared National Sovereignty Day (Día de la Soberanía Nacional) in commemoration of the 1845 battle of Vuelta de Obligado. His ideas about the history of Argentina had prominent acceptance, and, according to his adherents, they are currently accepted as mainstream.

Works

 * Más allá del código (Beyond the code) (1933)
 * Interpretación religiosa de la historia (Religious interpretation of history) (1936)
 * Defensa y pérdida de nuestra independencia económica (Defense and loss of our economic independence) (1943)
 * Artigas, prócer de la nacionalidad (Artigas, leader of nationality) (1949)
 * La misión García ante Lord Strangford (The García mission before Lord Strangford) (1951)
 * El cóndor ciego; la extraña muerte de Lavalle (The blind cóndor; Lavalle's strange death) (1952)
 * Nos, los representantes del pueblo (We, the people's representatives) (1955)
 * Del municipio indiano a la provincia Argentina (From the Indian municipality to the Argentine province) (1958)
 * La caída de Rosas (The fall of Rosas) (1958)
 * El pronunciamiento de Urquiza (The uprising of Urquiza) (1960)
 * Artigas, la revolución de mayo y la unidad Hispano-americana (Artigas, the May Revolution and the Hispanic-American unit) (1960)
 * El revisionismo responde (Revisionism answers) (1964)
 * Rivadavia y el imperialismo financiero (Rivadavia and financial imperialism) (1964)
 * La guerra del Paraguay y las montoneras argentinas (The war of Paraguay and the Argentine montoneras) (1965)
 * Doctores, militares e ingleses en la independencia nacional (Doctors, military and English people in the national independence) (1968)
 * Historia del revisionismo (History of revisionism) (1968)
 * Rosas, nuestro contemporáneo (Rosas, our contemporary) (1970)
 * Historia Argentina (Argentine History; 13 volumes) (1970)
 * El fetiche de la constitución (The fetish of the constitution) (1984)
 * Análisis de la dependencia Argentina (Analysis of the Argentine dependency) (?)

title: José María Rosa


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William Hornby (governor)

William Hornby (baptised 11 March 1723, Snaith, died 18 November 1803, The Hook, near Titchfield, Hampshire) was an English Governor of Bombay from 1771 to 1784.

Governorship
William Hornby joined the East India Company as a writer (clerk) in 1740, and rose to become Governor of Bombay in 1771. As Governor of Bombay, he is best remembered by the Vellard north of Cumballa Hill which was constructed at his behest against the wishes of the British East India Company. One of the first large works of civil engineering in the city, it transformed the geography of the islands by opening up the low-lying marshy areas of Mahalaxmi and Kamathipura for inhabitation on its completion in 1784. He was also the first governor to move his official residence from the Fort area to Parel. In a sense, this was also to change the demographics of the city by starting a northward move.

An intriguing dead-end of information is the statement attributed to John Murray, that "The Hornby diamond, brought from the East Indies by the Hon. William Hornby, Governor of Bombay, in 1775, weighs 36 carats [7.2 g], and is now, I believe, the property of the Shah of Persia."

Return
William Hornby returned to England in 1783, when the government granted him land near Titchfield, South Hampshire. He set out to build a country mansion, which he called The Hook, built in the style of the Government House in Bombay and removed the remains of a medieval village to create a parkland for himself. His country house was completed in 1790, at a cost of over £12,000. He died there in 1803.

One of Hornby's grandchildren, through his daughter, was the novelist and playwright Ann Doherty.

title: William Hornby (governor)


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User:Logka

How ya doing?

title: User:Logka


text: Template:Larousse Gastronomique

title: Template:Larousse Gastronomique


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Philosophy and literature

Philosophy and literature involves the literary treatment of philosophers and philosophical themes (the literature of philosophy), and the philosophical treatment of issues raised by literature (the philosophy of literature).

The philosophy of literature
Strictly speaking, the philosophy of literature is a branch of aesthetics, the branch of philosophy that deals with the question, "What is art"? Much of aesthetic philosophy has traditionally focused on the plastic arts or music, however, at the expense of the verbal arts. Much traditional discussion of aesthetic philosophy seeks to establish criteria of artistic quality that are indifferent to the subject matter being depicted. Since all literary works, almost by definition, contain notional content, aesthetic theories that rely on purely formal qualities tend to overlook literature.

The very existence of narrative raises philosophical issues. In narrative, a creator can embody, and readers be led to imagine, fictional characters, and even fantastic creatures or technologies. The ability of the human mind to imagine, and even to experience empathy with, these fictional characters is itself revealing about the nature of the human mind. Some fiction can be thought of as a sort of a thought experiment in ethics: it describes fictional characters, their motives, their actions, and the consequences of their actions. It is in this light that some philosophers have chosen various narrative forms to teach their philosophy (see below).

Literature and language
Plato, for instance, believed that literary culture had a strong impact on the ethical outlook of its consumers. In The Republic, Plato displays a strong hostility to the contents of the culture of his period, and proposes a strong censorship of popular literature in his utopia.

More recently, however, philosophers of various stripes have taken different and less hostile approaches to literature. Since the work of the British Empiricists and Immanuel Kant in the late eighteenth century, Western philosophy has been preoccupied with a fundamental question of epistemology: the question of the relationship between ideas in the human mind and the world existing outside the mind, if such a world exists. In more recent years, these epistemological issues have turned instead to an extended discussion of words and meaning: can language in fact bridge the barrier between minds? This cluster of issues concerning the meaning of language and of "writings" sometimes goes by the name of the linguistic turn.

As such, techniques and tools developed for literary criticism and literary theory rose to greater prominence in Western philosophy of the late twentieth century. Philosophers of various stripes paid more attention to literature than their predecessors did. Some sought to examine the question of whether it was in fact truly possible to communicate using words, whether it was possible for an author's intended meaning to be communicated to a reader. Others sought to use literary works as examples of contemporary culture, and sought to reveal unconscious attitudes they felt present in these works for social criticism.

The truth of fiction
Literary works also pose issues concerning truth and the philosophy of language. In educated opinion, at least, it is commonly reputed as true that Sherlock Holmes lived in London. (see David Lewis 'Truth in Fiction', American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 15. No. 1, January 1978) It is also considered true that Samuel Pepys lived in London. Yet Sherlock Holmes never lived anywhere at all; he is a fictional character. Samuel Pepys, contrarily, is judged to have been a real person. Contemporary interests in Holmes and Pepys share strong similarities; the only reason why anyone knows either of their names is because of an abiding interest in reading about their alleged deeds and words. These two statements would appear to belong to two different orders of truth. Further problems arise concerning the truth value of statements about fictional worlds and characters that can be implied but are nowhere explicitly stated by the sources for our knowledge about them, such as Sherlock Holmes had only one head or Sherlock Holmes never traveled to the moon.

Philosophical poems
Several poets have written poems on philosophical themes, and some important philosophers have expressed their philosophy in verse. The cosmogony of Hesiod and the De Rerum Natura of Lucretius are important philosophical poems. The genre of epic poetry was also used to teach philosophy. Vyasa narrated the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata in order to teach Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy. Homer also presented some philosophical teachings in his Odyssey.

Many of the Eastern philosophers worked out their thought in a poetical fashion. Some of the important names include:

 * Vyasa
 * Laozi
 * Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi
 * Omar Khayyám
 * Al-Ma'arri
 * Nizami Ganjavi
 * Sheikh Saadi
 * Hafiz Shirazi
 * Muhammad Iqbal
 * Matsuo Bashō
 * Farid ud-Din Attar
 * Salah Abdel Sabour
 * Mahmoud Darwish

Notable Western philosophical poets include:

 * John Ashbery
 * Georges Bataille
 * Giannina Braschi
 * G. K. Chesterton
 * Robert Creeley
 * Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 * T. S. Eliot
 * Homer
 * Søren Kierkegaard
 * Lucretius
 * John Milton
 * Marianne Moore
 * Pablo Neruda
 * Friedrich Nietzsche
 * Mary Oliver
 * Fernando Pessoa
 * Rainer Maria Rilke
 * Percy Bysshe Shelley
 * St. John of the Cross
 * Leslie Marmon Silko
 * Hildegard von Bingen
 * William Carlos Williams
 * C. K. Williams
 * James Wright

Philosophical fiction
Some philosophers have undertaken to write philosophy in the form of fiction, including novels and short stories (see separate article on philosophical fiction). This is apparent early on in the literature of philosophy, where philosophers such as Plato wrote dialogues in which fictional or fictionalized characters discuss philosophical subjects; Socrates frequently appears as a protagonist in Plato's dialogues, and the dialogues are one of the prime sources of knowledge about Socrates' teaching, though at this remove it is sometimes hard to distinguish Socrates' actual positions from Plato's own. Numerous early Christian writers, including Augustine, Boethius, and Peter Abelard produced dialogues; several early modern philosophers, such as George Berkeley and David Hume, wrote occasionally in this genre.

Other philosophers have resorted to narrative to get their teachings across. The 12th century Islamic philosopher Ibn Tufayl wrote a fictional Arabic narrative Hayy ibn Yaqdhan as a response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers; the 13th century Islamic theologian-philosopher Ibn al-Nafis later wrote a fictional narrative Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufayl's work. The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche often articulated his ideas in literary modes, most notably in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, a re-imagined account of the teachings of Zoroaster. Marquis de Sade and Ayn Rand wrote novels in which characters served as mouthpieces for philosophical positions, and acted by them in the plot. George Santayana was also a philosopher who wrote novels and poetry; the relationship between Santayana's characters and his beliefs is more complex. The existentialists include among their numbers important French authors who used fiction to convey their philosophical views; these include Jean-Paul Sartre's novel Nausea and play No Exit, and Albert Camus's The Stranger. Maurice Blanchot's entire fictional production, whose titles include The Step Not Beyond, The Madness of the Day, and The Writing of Disaster, among others, constitutes an indispensable corpus for the treatment of the relationship between philosophy and literature. So does Jacques Derrida's The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond.

Several philosophers have had an important influence on literature. Arthur Schopenhauer, largely as a result of his system of aesthetics, is perhaps the most influential recent philosopher in the history of literature; Thomas Hardy's later novels frequently allude to Schopenhauerian themes, particularly in Jude the Obscure. Schopenhauer also had an important influence on Joseph Conrad. Schopenhauer also had a less specific but more widely diffused influence on the Symbolist movement in European literature. Lionel Johnson also refers to Schopenhauer's aesthetics in his essay The Cultured Faun. Jacques Derrida's entire oeuvre has been hugely influential for so-called continental philosophy and the understanding of the role of literature in modernity.

Other works of fiction considered to have philosophical content include:

 * Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness
 * Fyodor Dostoevsky, Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment
 * Jostein Gaarder, Sophie's World
 * Hermann Hesse, The Glass Bead Game
 * James Joyce, Ulysses
 * Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis
 * Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being
 * Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain
 * Iris Murdoch, The Sea, the Sea
 * Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
 * Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time
 * Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy
 * William Shakespeare, Macbeth and Hamlet
 * Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilyich and War and Peace
 * Sergio Troncoso, The Nature of Truth
 * Marguerite Yourcenar, Memoirs of Hadrian

Philosophical writing as literature
Several philosophers are read for the literary merits of their works apart from their philosophical content. The philosophy in the Meditations of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius is unoriginal Stoicism, but the Meditations are still read for their literary merit and for the insight they give into the workings of the emperor's mind.

Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy is noted for the quality and readability of its prose, as are some of the works of the British Empiricists, such as Locke and Hume. Søren Kierkegaard's style is frequently regarded as poetic artistry as well as philosophical, especially in Fear and Trembling and Either/Or. Friedrich Nietzsche's works such as Thus Spoke Zarathustra frequently resemble prose poetry and contain imagery and allusion instead of argument.

Philosophers in literature
Socrates appears in a highly fictionalized guise, as a comic figure and the object of mockery, in The Clouds by Aristophanes. In the play, Socrates appears hanging from a basket, where he delivers oracles such as:

 * I'd never come up with a single thing about celestial phenomena, if I did not suspend my mind up high, to mix my subtle thoughts with what's like them— the air. If I turned my mind to lofty things, but stayed there on the ground, I'd never make the least discovery. For the earth, you see, draws moist thoughts down by force into itself— the same process takes place with watercress.

Early Taoist philosopher Zhuang Zhou expressed his ideas primarily through short literary anecdotes and fables such as "Dream of the Butterfly". The other major philosophers of the time appear as characters within these stories, allowing Zhuangzi to playfully explore their ideas and contrast them with his own, as he does with Laozi, Liezi, Hui Shi, and many others. Most prominently in his work is the presence of Confucius and his prominent disciples, who are sometimes used to undermine popular understandings of Confucian philosophy or to reinforce Zhuangzi's own understanding of how one lives by the Dao.

Jorge Luis Borges is perhaps the twentieth century's preeminent author of philosophical fiction. He wrote a short story in which the philosopher Averroes is the chief protagonist, Averroes's Search. Many plot points in his stories paraphrase the thought of philosophers, including George Berkeley, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Bertrand Russell; he also attributes various opinions to figures including George Dalgarno.

A key plot point in Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose turns on the discovery of a mysterious book that turns out to contain a lost manuscript by Aristotle. Eco's later novel Foucault's Pendulum became the forerunner of a run of thrillers or detective fiction that toss around learned allusions and the names of historical thinkers; more recent examples include Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code and The Rule of Four by Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason.

Also, Philip K. Dick, who has often been compared to Borges, raises a significant number of philosophical issues in his novels, everything from the problem of solipsism to many questions of perception and reality.

Fictional philosophers
Jorge Luis Borges introduces many philosophical themes, and several fictional philosophers, in his short stories. A fictional philosophical movement is a part of the premise of his story Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius, and the unnamed narrator of his story The Library of Babel could also be called a fictional philosopher. A fictional theologian is the subject of his story Three Versions of Judas.

Fictional philosophers occasionally occur throughout the works of Robert A. Heinlein and Ray Bradbury. Heinlein's Stranger in a Strange Land contains long passages that could be considered successors to the fictionalized philosophical dialogues of the ancient world, set within the plot.

title: Philosophy and literature


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anarchism (disambiguation)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Redwolf24 23:17, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Anarchism (disambiguation)

 * For other related VFD discussions, see:
 * Votes for deletion/Anarchism (anti-state) and Anarchism (socialist)
 * Votes for deletion/Anarchism (theory)
 * Votes for deletion/Anarchism (philosophy)
 * Votes for deletion/Anarchism (word)

The guideline says "Disambiguation pages serve a single purpose: To let the reader choose between different pages that might reside under the same title." It does not serve that purpose. This article is a POV fork being used to exclude certain anarchist philosophies (in particular, anarcho-capitalism) from the Anarchism article.
 * Nominator forgot to add to the VfD logs, adding to today's log --cesarb 01:21, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete RJII 18:41, 15 July 2005 (UTC) (originator of vote)
 * Keep It does serve that purpose, that is why Nat Krause (who is sympathetic to anarcho-capitalism) originally created it and that is the form it has currently.  RJ simply wants it removed because it goes against his plans to have the anarchism article overemphasize anarcho-capitalism.  Kev 19:11, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: this is coming from a guy who deletes all mention of anarcho-capitalism from Anarchism . RJII has never wanted anarcho-capitalism "overemphasized" but described briefly in Anarchism along with the other philosophies that oppose the existence of a state. Kevehs keeps putting up a header on the Anarchism article saying that the article is going to be POV (that is, it's only going to include anti-capitalist anarchist philosophies. Putting up such a header doesn't release an article from the NPOV rule.) RJII 19:16, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Here is the header he's putting up: ":This article illustrates anarchism as it refers to philosophies and social movements that oppose hierarchy in all forms, such as the state and capitalism. There are other philosophies and movements that call themselves anarchist but differ from the definition given here.  For other uses such as these, see anarchism (disambiguation). This is clearly not a legitimate disambiguation but an anti-capitalist POV attempt to monopolize the word "Anarchism." An NPOV article would not make such judgement calls on what anti-state philosophy is or is not anarchism. RJII 19:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The article does not make any judgement call on what is or is not anarchism. The disambiguation header explains that this is one usage of the term, and that other political philosophies use the term different, and that those other uses can be found on the disambiguation page.  As for removing the AC section, there isn't any point for it once the article has been disambigated, because AC philosophy is no longer being described in it.  I'm happy to put a reduced version of that section back, as Nat Krause agreed, if that was the limit of AC referance on the page.  And I don't know what you want RJ, but you are in fact overemphasizing capitalism in the general article by including AC counterpoints and perspective throughout.  Kev 19:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's not a disambiguation article. It does not serve the purpose of letting "the reader choose between different pages that might reside under the same title." The title of the article says it's disambiguation, but it's not, at least not in accordance with guidelines. Also, therefore, there should be no link to it. I also helped create the so-called disambiguation page and supported it, but have come to the realization that its improper. The logic behind the guidline becomes clear when one sees what it's being used for, by anti-capitalist POV individuals such as Kevehs. The guideline is there for a reason and now we can cleary see what that reason is. The article is clearly inconsistent with Wikipedia guidlines and should be deleted. RJII 19:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Kinda funny how you never noticed that when Hogeye was shoving his POV into it, ah well. Anyway, but this article does "let the reader choose between different pages that might reside under the same title."  It clearly directs the reader to both the anarchism page (under the anti-capitalist meaning which is far more predominate), and the anarcho-capitalism page (under the AC meaning).  So, if you don't think this is directing the reader as described above, what exactly would?  Kev 19:45, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You don't understand that guideline or are being purposely obtuse. It's saying that if there are other things that are called "Anarchism" then there can be a disambiguation page to direct people to those other meanings. For example, such a page would let the reader choose between "mutualism" the economic theory, or "mutualism" the biological phenomenon. "Anarcho-capitalism" is not another meaning of "anarchism." It's a TYPE of anarchism. Anarcha-feminism is not another meaning of "anarchism." It's a type of anarchism. Anarcho-primitivism is not another meaning of anarchism. It's a TYPE of anarchism. RJII 19:55, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm already aware of that, and that is precisely the point of the page. It is there to refer not to anarcho-capitalism as another meaning of anarchism, but to the meaning of anarchism that anarcho-capitalists use.  It is clear that they use a different meaning, because they feel anarchism entails things that none of the other anarchists do.  Further, the standard anarchism definition has not been allowed to be used in the anarchism article because of objections solely coming from anarcho-capitalists, which again arise from the fact that they use the word anarchism to mean something else.  And that is exactly what the disambiguation page makes clear right now, it shows both meanings and links to the articles that use them.  Now perhaps you are suggesting that there should be a specific anarchism (capitalist) article to deal with their different understanding of anarchism.  That is fine, then it should link to the disambiguation page and then provide links to the AC article from there.  But either way is fine with me.  Kev 21:21, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Wasn't this (more or less) what Hogeye was fighting for earlier? I see RJ's points in that this isn't really a classic "disambiguation" case where there are two completely different meanings or contexts of a word; it would be nice if everybody could agree on one "broad tent" that could fairly encompass all the varieties of anarchism, capitalist and socialist alike.  But it doesn't look like that is ever happening, and I, for one, have no desire for eternal edit wars. A disambig page, and sub-pages giving the definitions of anarchism as seen by the disparate movements that use the word, is the best that can be hoped for.  Let's all at least agree on this, and then work to "tweak" all the pages into a state that fairly presents their subject matter. *Dan* 00:51, July 16, 2005 (UTC) On second thought, Delete... the latest edits to Anarchism have removed the need for this, so we should probably stick with that instead. *Dan* 01:24, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Delete article or Delete all but links does not serve function. POV mess. Amicuspublilius 22:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Either: delete disambig page and merge the anarchism articles, or move current anarchism article to "Anarchism (anti-capitalist)" or some such. --Trovatore 05:55, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Above vote was made before I found the section on anarcho-capitalism in the main anarchism article. That strikes me as reasonably satisfactory.  The problematic thing, then, is that the link to the main anarchism article on the dab page reads "Anarchism (anti-capitalist)", when in fact it points to an article that is not entirely about anti-capitalist anarchism.  That, plus the fact that the  template doesn't mention anarcho-capitalism.  But if the main article points to the anarcho-capitalism article, we don't need the dab page.  So: delete the dab page, and add anarcho-capitalism to the  template. --Trovatore 06:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep The anarchism article and template change many times a day. The usefulness of a disambiguation page depends on the temporary state of the main article. In some configurations, the disambiguation page is the main article (Hogeye's suggestion.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.15.54.56 (talk • contribs) 00:14, 28 July 2005
 * You could always make some other kind of page but not fraudulently present it as a disambiguation page, like this one does. RJII 06:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- there is a lot more in the supposed disambiguation page than disambiguation; there is no ambiguity between these two, Anarchism means anarchism per the manifesto, or more generally as supporting abolishment of all forms of government; there is a reason the word Anarcho-capitalist is used, the very use of that word implies a difference from Anarchism, and that it is not what users will be looking for when they want Anarchism: let Anarchism briefly explain the distinction and link to Anarcho-capitalism --Mysidia 02:48, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with Mysidia. This page only serves to create ambiguity. --bainer (talk) 05:49, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. After reading the current version of Anarchism, this disambiguation page seems entirely unnecessary. There's a section that describes anarcho-capitalism briefly and links to it in the schools of thought section. I don't see what purpose this page serves other than to game the NPOV rules to support someone's agenda. It'd be a bit like saying that you can't give the skeptical response to paranormal phenomenon or CAM in their articles, but instead must have a disambiguation page for each of them. --FreelanceWizard 06:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete WP:NOT soapbox, WP:NOR. Dunc|☺ 16:16, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Edit to comply with disambiguation standards We don't delete disambig pages, do we? This page needs to be edited severely to include links to all articles that might be expected to appear under the title Anarchism, but not deleted.  I agree with the spirit of the delete votes, but there absolutely must be a page with this title, just not this page in its present form. Pedant 20:05, 2005 July 28 (UTC)
 * Delete. If it's edited to be a proper disambiguation page, it will consist of a single link, pointing to Anarchism. --Carnildo 20:46, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, page is unnecessary considering current state of Anarchism article. Xaa 23:51, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, which incidentally does not require VfD. All in all, this sounds a case for WP:RfC or possibly Arbcom... not for VfD.  -- Visviva 03:14, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, page has nontrivial history. Ben Standeven 07:03, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, any relevant content can be moved to anti-statism Saswann 16:20, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I was expecting a disambiguation and found... not sure what but it doesn't belong. - Tεx  τ  urε  17:03, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Veliidae

Veliidae is a family of gregarious predatory insects in the suborder Heteroptera. They are commonly known as riffle bugs, small water striders, or broad-shouldered water striders because the segment immediately behind the head is wider than the rest of the abdomen. Species of the genus Rhagovelia are also referred to as ripple bugs.

Veliidae have a specialized body plan that allows them to walk on water and are neuston. The family Gerridae is another closely related group that is also neuston and both are in the superfamily Gerroidea. Veliidae are smaller however, between 1.5 and 6 mm. They can be found on ponds, near lake shores, and in rivers worldwide. Some species can also be found on plants near water, in salt water or in mud flats.

Description
Veliidae are very similar to Gerridae. The most consistent characteristic used to separate these two families are internal genitalia differences, however external cues are usually sufficient to tell the families apart.

A general description is as follows: an oval to elongate body covered with hydrofuge hairs. Wings can be present or absent; when present the wings range from well devolved to vestigial. The four segmented antennae is longer than the head and readily visible. The antennae is non-aristate. The eyes are usually large, but there are no ocelli.

Males and females can be differentiated by the fore tibiae. Males have smaller tibiae with a grasping comb, as opposed to the larger plain female tibiae.

Distribution
Veliidae is the largest gerromorphan family and has almost 1173 species and 66 genera. The present distribution of these species points to two centers of origin: one in the Indo-Malayan region and another on the shores of the Caribbean Sea. The geographical distance between these points is probably due to continental drift. And now they are present across all continents (except Antarctica).

Life cycle
Like all Heteroptera, the Veliidae go through an egg, nymph and adult stage. They have four or five nymphal instars. Both the adults and nymphs live together gregariously, in loose communities and can often be found in large groups. Eggs are usually laid underwater, attached to the stream bed, rocks or plant material and held together by a gelatinous substance. In most species females lay under 30 eggs. Nymphs are very similar to adults, but have one segmented tarsus on mid and hind leg as opposed to the adults' two. Some species prefer rapids or riffles in streams but many prefer calmer water.

Behaviour
Veliidae can walk on water because they take advantage of the high surface tension of water and have hydrophobic legs that distribute their weight across more water.

Although Gerridae typically have longer legs, Veliidae also have legs that spread out the weight over a relatively large area. Thousands of hydrofugal hairs also coat the entire body, mitigating potential problems incurred by water contact: air bubbles, trapped among the tiny hairs if the insect is submerged, lift the insect towards the surface again.

Taxonomy
The following genera are recognised in the family Veliidae:
 * Adriennella Poisson, 1942
 * Aegilipsicola J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1994
 * Aegilipsovelia J.Polhemus, 1970
 * Aenictovelia Polhemus, 1979
 * Altavelia Polhemus, Molano, Morales, Moreira & Floriano, 2019
 * Angilia Stål, 1865
 * Angilovelia Andersen, 1981
 * Aphrovelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1988
 * Aquulavelia Thirumalai, 1999
 * Arcantivelia Solórzano Kraemer & Perrichot, 2014
 * Austromicrovelia Andersen & Weir, 2003
 * Balticovelia Andersen, 2000
 * Baptista Distant, 1904
 * Barbivelia Andersen & Weir, 2003
 * Brechivelia D.Polhemus & J.Polhemus, 2004
 * Callivelia Polhemus, 2021
 * Carayonella Poisson, 1948
 * Chenevelia Zettel, 1996
 * Cylicovelia J.Polhemus & Copeland, 1996
 * Drepanovelia Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Electrovelia Andersen, 1998
 * Entomovelia Esaki, 1930
 * Euvelia Drake, 1957
 * Eyarinella Zettel & Laciny, 2021
 * Fijivelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 2006
 * Geovelia Zimmermann, 1984
 * Gracilovelia Poisson, 1955
 * Haldwania Tamanini, 1955
 * Halovelia Bergroth, 1893
 * Haloveloides Andersen, 1992
 * Hebrovelia Lundblad, 1939
 * Husseyella Herring, 1955
 * Lacertovelia Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Lathriovelia Andersen, 1989
 * Macrovelia Tamanini, 1947
 * Mangrovelia Linnavuori, 1977
 * Menuthiasia Poisson, 1952
 * Microvelia Westwood, 1834
 * Microveloidella Poisson, 1952
 * Microvelopsis Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Millotella Poisson, 1948
 * Neoalardus Distant, 1912
 * Nesidovelia Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Neusterensifer J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1994
 * Nilsvelia Cassis, Hodgins, Weir & Tatarnic, 2017
 * Ocellovelia China & Usinger, 1949
 * Ocheovelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 2006
 * Ochthecorisa Montrouzier, 1864
 * Oiovelia Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952
 * Pacificovelia Andersen & Weir, 2003
 * Papuavelia D.Polhemus & J.Polhemus, 2000
 * Paravelia Breddin, 1898
 * Perittopus Fieber, 1861
 * Petrovelia Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Phoreticovelia D.Polhemus & J.Polhemus, 2000
 * Platyvelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1993
 * Plesiovelia Tamanini, 1955
 * Polhemovelia Zettel & Sehnal, 2000
 * Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1951
 * Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865
 * Rheovelia D.Polhemus & J.Polhemus, 2004
 * Shaverdinia Zettel & Laciny, 2021
 * Starmuhlneria Poisson, 1964
 * Steinovelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1993
 * Stridulivelia Hungerford, 1929
 * Strongylovelia Esaki, 1924
 * Submicrovelia Poisson, 1951
 * Tanyvelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1994
 * Tarsovelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 1994
 * Tarsoveloides Andersen & Weir, 2001
 * Tenagovelia Kirkaldy, 1908
 * Tetraripis Lundblad, 1936
 * Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021
 * Tonkouivelia Linnavuori, 1977
 * Tubuaivelia J.Polhemus & D.Polhemus, 2008
 * Velia Latreille, 1804
 * Velohebria Stys, 1976
 * Veloidea Gould, 1934
 * Xenobates Esaki, 1927
 * Xiphovelia Lundblad, 1933
 * Xiphoveloidea Hoberlandt, 1951

title: Veliidae


text:
Hui (secret society)

Hui  is a Chinese word, generally meaning 'conference', but which is sometimes used to refer to a secret society. It is often mutually interchangeable with terms like kongsi, a term generally used to mean 'corporation' or 'company'. For overseas Chinese, kongsi can also denote a Chinese clan or a Chinese district association. The Hokkien-derived term kongsi (公司, ) is more widely known in Southeast Asia, however, whereas in China, the secret societies were just simply known as hui.

In modern Hawaii vernacular, hui is used to refer to any group or organization. Similarly, in Māori, the word hui retains its traditional meaning as a gathering.

title: Hui (secret society)


text:
Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy

Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1 July 1821 – 27 June 1904) was a French archaeologist and numismatist.

Life
He was born at Reims in 1821, and died at Ville d'Avray in 1904.

In collaboration with J. Geslin de Bourgogne he published Études sur la Révolution en Bretagne in 1858, and between 1855 and 1879 an exhaustive work in six volumes on the Anciens évêchés de Bretagne; histoire et monuments. In 1880 appeared the Choix de documents inédits sur l'histoire de la ligue en Bretagne, by himself alone. But it was, above all, his numismatical work which established his reputation. This included several popular publications, such as the Nouveau manuel complet de numismatique ancienne (1851; second edition, revised, 1890), and the Nouveau Manuel complet de la numismatique du moyen âge et moderne (1853; new edition revised by Adrien Planchet), and a large number of monographs and articles in the technical reviews.

The following may be specially mentioned: Numismatique mérovingienne (1865); Essai sur la monnaie parisis (1874); Note sur l'origine de la monnaie tournoise (1896); and in the series of instructions issued by the Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques he edited the number on La Numismatique de la France (1891). In 1897 he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

His younger brother, Édouard Marie, comte de Barthélemy, who was born in Angers in 1830, published a number of documents on the ancient French nobility and the history of Champagne.


text:
Christ in the Desert

Christ in the Desert or Christ in the Wilderness (Христос в пустыне) is an 1872 painting by Russian artist Ivan Kramskoi, reflecting the temptation of Christ. Kramskoi was offered a professorship for the painting by the Russian Academy of Arts Council, but having learned that in the beginning of 1873, rejected it (he had been expelled from the Academy earlier, and chose to keep his "youthful commitment to independence from the Academy"). Subsequently, it became one of the favourite paintings of Pavel Tretyakov, who bought it for his gallery in the year the painting was finished.

History
The theme of Christ's temptation had attracted Kramskoi already in the early 1860s. In that period he made the first sketch of the composition. The first version of Christ in the Desert is dated to 1867, but turned out to be unsuccessful. Kramskoi realized that the choice of vertical format was inappropriate. He opted for the horizontal format and introduced the pallid rocky desert in the background.

Kramskoi described the early history of the painting in his letters to writer Vsevolod Garshin.

The painting
Christ in the Desert is one of Kramskoi's Jesus-themed paintings, the other being Rejoice, King of the Jews and Herodias. The painter examines the religious subject matter from a humanistic, moral, and philosophical perspective, and proposes a psychologically-life-based interpretation of the reflections and experiences of Christ. The subject of the painting is connected with the described in the New Testament forty-day fast of Jesus Christ in the desert, where he retreated after his baptism, and with the temptation of Christ by the devil, which occurred during this fast. According to the painter, he wanted to capture the dramatic situation of moral choice, inevitable in the life of every person. The horizon line runs quite low, dividing the painting approximately in half. The lower part features a cold, rocky desert, while the upper part depicts the pre-dawn sky, a symbol of light, hope, and future transformation. The figure of Jesus Christ, dressed in a red tunic and a dark blue cloak-himation, dominates the space of the painting, yet remains in harmony with the surrounding harsh landscape. In the solitary figure, depicted among the cold stones, one can sense not only sorrowful contemplation and fatigue, but also the readiness to take the first step on the rocky path leading to Golgotha. The restraint in the depiction of the clothing allows the main focus to be on the face and hands of Christ, which create psychological credibility and humanity in the image. The tightly clenched fists are located at the very geometric center of the canvas. Together with the face of Christ, they represent the semantic and emotional center of the composition. The clasped hands, located at the horizon line, "in a volitional tension, seem to be trying to bind, like a keystone, the whole world - sky and earth - into one." Christ's bare feet are wounded from long walking on sharp stones.

The painting is static, with no action, but it shows the work of Christ's thought and the strength of his spirit, preserved despite all the suffering he has had to and will yet have to endure.

Ivan Kramskoi sold his work to Tretyakov for 6,000 rubles. (6000 Russian Imperial Rubles from 1873 are worth $1,698,000 in 2024.)

Reception
The painting received a wide feedback and appeared at the Peredvizhniks' second exposition of 1873. Pavel Tretyakov wrote: "I liked Kramskoi's Saviour very much... that's why I was harrying up to purchase him, but many people did not appreciate him much and the others did not at all. In my opinion this is the best painting in our school recently; maybe I am mistaken". Critic Vladimir Stasov noted that a "sorrowful note sensibly resounds in the general physiological array of the work". Vsevolod Garshin outlined the "expression of immense moral force, hatred against evil and complete resoluteness to fight it". According to Ivan Goncharov, who wrote "Christ in the Desert. A Painting of Mr. Kramskoi" (original Russian title: "Христос в пустыне». Картина г. Крамского"), "the entire figure seems to have diminished a bit from its natural size, contracted, not from starvation, thirst and bad weather, but from internal, inhuman insight to his thought and will during the struggle of forces of spirit and flesh". He also emphasized that "there is nothing festive, heroic, victorious — the future fate of the world and of all livings is concealed in that miserable, small being, in pauper appearance, under the rags, in humble simplicity, inseparable with true majesty and force". The Russian art researcher Georgy Wagner wrote the article "On the Interpretation of I. N. Kramskoi's Painting "Christ in the Desert" (Russian: "Об истолковании картины И.Н. Крамского "Христос в пустыне").

title: Christ in the Desert


text:
User:Wolfgang1018/Thesaurus

alloy, solder, soldering, desoldering, welding (arc welding]]

melting point

title: User:Wolfgang1018/Thesaurus


text:
Talk:Kagome Higurashi

Question regarding Kagome and Naraku
Naraku turned Inuyasha and Kikyo against each other, he gave Miroku's grandfather the wind tunnel curse in his hand which has passed through the generations,and holds Sango's brother Kohaku in his thrall. So why is Kagome the only one not personally affected by Naraku? (Before anyone asks, Shippo doesn't count. At least not for the purposes of this question.) - R.G. 20:05, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Nothing. She is simply trying to kill him because she loves killing (lol). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.72.51.49 (talk • contribs).

 * I believe that Naraku tried to kill her many different times. This might be the reason she is after him. (216.99.60.22 00:32, 31 August 2006 (UTC))

 * Kagone was not affected by Naraku, because she was born in the future, where Naraku doesn't exist. She goes back in time to when demons exist, through some sacred well. The Inuyasha article has the basic storyline. ThreeDee912 17:16, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

He has Shards of the Shikon Jewel...that's enough for her since she needs to get them back to purify them...Quit reading into things that don't exist people. Irishgt 17:08, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

The most obvious answer is above, but don't forget that Kagome is very empathic, so when her "loved ones" are endangered by Naraku, she feels that she must protect them, thus her reason for going after Naraku. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.137.248.168 (talk • contribs)

Kagome was effected in episode 50 wen he sent Tsubakie to curse her setting her against Inuyasha, not to mention, by setting up Kikiyo and Inuyasha he destroyed Kagome's chance at a normal life, simple -CaptinAsagi —Preceding unsigned comment added by CaptinAsagi (talk • contribs) 18:51, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

She was not really affected, but she could not abandon her friends in the battle. Also, Kagome does have feelings for inuyasha, does she not?-dsutt —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dsutt (talk • contribs) 18:28, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

City
Kagome lives in Tokyo. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sar1192 (talk • contribs).

A thought
Does anyone else find it odd that despite a budding and growing romantic relationship, Kagome still keeps Inuyasha under the proverbial leash of those 'rosary' beads? It seems downright bizarre to leave them there, yet he never complains. I guess since he posed a danger to her at first... There's just this continual feeling of an abusive relationship going on. Anyone else feeling that? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.245.29.229 (talk • contribs).

 * Yeah, I thought that as well, but watching Tenka Hadou no Ken, I understood it more. It's the link between Inuyasha and Kagome that allows him to pass through the well (I believe) and if you watch, in some places (both the second and third movies come to mind) Kagome uses their power to save Inuyasha, i.e. free him from Sou'unga's control or evade Kagura's Dance of (I think it was Blades...haven't watched the second in a while). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.212.40.254 (talk • contribs).

Even after reading "Release" a beatiful fanfic by Nimbusthedragon, I don't think so, wen he goes after Kikiyo she can sit him, if she get's lost she can follow the screams and thuds, but most imporantly, in the 3rd movie she uses them to save his life by allowing him to duck! And ofcourse, in the fourth movie he wouldn't let her see his scar, so she can make him "sleep" if he dosen't behave durring treatment, it's a security blanket to her, I have something simaler with my Boyfreind, if he misbehaves I tell him he can't read (or hear about) the next volume of Skip Beat, easy, -CaptinAsagi —Preceding unsigned comment added by CaptinAsagi (talk • contribs) 18:56, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

In the end I reckon everyone forgot. But someone had a theroy that the beads could not be removed at all; after all why was Kaede sooo reluctant to put them on in the first place.

Kikyou?
Hmm...I have seen this spelling for Kikyo, and it is said to be more phoneticly correct than Kikyo, the name that was used in the translations into english. Either way, a re-direct and mention of this in Kikyo's artical would be greatly appreciated. --Broken 01:54, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It depends on which system you use to translate the kanjies. Since her name in japanese is 桔梗, the termination asks for a long o. This can be translated in several ways: Kikyō, Kikyoo, Kikyoh, etc. I have noticed while fixing disambiguations that most InuYasha articles are written in their "wrong" version. That is, in example, Kikyo, ommiting the long vocal. -- ReyBrujo 05:19, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Well, it's true that those words can be written in English in different ways, but in the title screens on the anime they do spell them like that, eg. Sesshomaru, Kikyo, Shippo, Totosai etc. So why is this neccesarilly the 'wrong' way? --28 September 2006

Relationship Section
I just updated and clarified a bit of points, mainly expanding the section on Sango and editing the section with Inuyasha a touch. 159.37.7.48 15:47, 11 May 2006 (UTC) Lanky

Kikyou is a messed up lady who can't make up her mind —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.253.130.115 (talk) 22:33, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Absolutly! Rumiko, either kill her off for good, or atleast put her on 24/7 sleeping pills, the make ya' kinda goofy at first anyway -CaptinAsagi —Preceding unsigned comment added by CaptinAsagi (talk • contribs) 18:58, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Where is the NPOV?
This article is in need of NPOVization. "She is lively, petite, and cute (as some anime viewers would say)." - This is known as a weasel statement. Evidence?

"Her temper gets in the way sometimes in the argument between Inuyasha but other than that, she is kind and gentle," - Ahem. Osuwari is neither kind nor gentle

"and forgives mistakes and fights rather than holding a huge grudge against everyone." -This is a pointless statement. What bad things have ever happened to her that would cause her to have a grudge

"She's very thoughtful and although some viewers consider her "weak", she turns out to be the brave heroine in the story" - She is neither brave nor a heroine. The most amazing thing she's ever done is shatter the jewel into infinity pieces.

There is nothing bad about her in this entire article, which leads me to believe it was written by a 'shipper.

Please fix, I am too lazy

 * If you are too lazy to fix it yourself then stop barking all over the place with your pointless and biased criticism.. ;p (216.99.60.22 00:37, 31 August 2006 (UTC))

You should shut up. This person is right, this article is very biased. Oh, and you have poor grammar. Do you know what a comma is? Go back to elementary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.191.205.225 (talk • contribs)
 * Yeah...I mean, I like the series, but Kagome's main trait seems to be selfishness and grudge-holding, not what the article paints her as - for example, whenever they meet up with Kikyo, she always assumes that Inuyasha and Kikya are off smooching - even though they are usually just discussing tactics about Naraku. Or the fact that, well, she nearly always believes the worst about Inuyasha and Miroku, even when there's no reason to. She's not racist against half-demons, I'll give you that - but she's not "flowers and sunshine" like the article claims.KrytenKoro 05:39, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Why don't you guys help fix the article? I'd try and fix it myself but I tend to focus on structure, layout, consistancy, and vandialism - instead of content (i'm really no good at it).--88wolfmaster 04:13, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

school
is Kagome in junior high or high school? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.84.0.4 (talk • contribs).
 * Junior High. In the second movie, one of her friends says something about having to write a huge report even though they're in junior high. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Banjotooie142 (talk • contribs).

In teh episode Go Home Kigome, or whatever it is, she is in the middle of taking High School Entrance exams. That means she is in no higher than 9th since High school starts in 10th there. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Japan Irishgt 17:12, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

That reminds me! I'm homeschooled now and I still get mad about the fact that dispite having the choice of going to school or slaying demons she does both! I mean, she constantly complains about school, she dosen't have to go just because she's home, she should stay in the feudal Era and slay demons all day! Don't get me wrong I'm highly educated, but I can't stand school, and love demon slaying(hollow slaying)! -CaptinAsagi —Preceding unsigned comment added by CaptinAsagi (talk • contribs) 19:02, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

This user keeps vandalizing the Relationships section in both Inuyasha and Kagome page. Must be a child.

(216.99.49.214 21:15, 1 September 2006 (UTC))

I'm not a child. I'm just bored. And I just like annoying the crap out of you guys. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.191.205.225 (talk • contribs)

Who the hell is this S.O.B who kept vandalizing the relationship page?!! I will flame his miserable ass!! 66.50.95.249 02:40, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Picture
The current image is awfully fuzzy. Surely there's a higher quality one that we could use. Redxiv 02:48, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It does the job, which is to identify the subject of the article. It doesn't need to be high quality, and probably shouldn't. --Farix (Talk) 23:42, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

lust for Kagome

Whoopsie.
My apologies for the supposed "vandalism"; it was a mistake coming from a browser screw-up. Sorry about any inconveniences. Lunamaria 22:22, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Alternate Name?
I notice that "Kikyo" is listed as an alternate name for Kagome. Is it really correct to say this? In the story, Kikyo and Kagome are presented as two completely separate characters. The article makes it seem as if "Kikyo" is another name Kagome is known by or that Kikyo and Kagome are the same person, which just isn't true. Should this be changed or perhaps omitted? 24.144.151.182 19:18, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I would not have put it in, but I can see how it makes some sense. InuYasha refers to Kagome as "Kikyo" at first. Also, Kikyo and Kagome have the same soul. Kikyo was re-incarnated as Kagome. Later, Kagome's soul is transfered to a reconstruction of Kikyo's body by the orgress/witch Urasue. Then most of the soul returns to Kagome, but some remains in Kikyo. So she becomes like a person with multiple personality disorder — two personalities with mutual amnesia which inhabit one body, except in this case it is a normal body and a clay reproduction. Also, Kaede and the villagers sometimes call her "Lady Kikyo". JRSpriggs 05:49, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Personality
The entire section regarding Kagome's personality traits seems to have been removed. Why? I'm guessing that the section needed to be edited, but I don't see the need to remove it entirely. The removal of this section has lowered the overall quality, and as far as I know, a section usually remains the same during the editing process until it is complete. Instead, the section has been removed. In my opinion, it would make more sense to put the section back into the article. The articles of the other InuYasha characters include personality traits, after all. Mathew Williams 21:00, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Too much vandalism. There is at least one vandal who persistently corrupted that section, putting in inappropriate and insulting material. So it was eliminated. She is still around, but keeps changing her user-id, so the potential problem still exists. JRSpriggs 06:22, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Is is possible to single out the vandal(s) and remove their editing privelages? I would like this article to have the same standard of quality as the other InuYasha articles, and I think it's kind of weird that a single vandal is preventing this. I am not a skilled enough writer to edit anything myself, though. Mathew Williams 18:44, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Vandalism is not so easily dealt with, if the vandal is clever and determined. The underlying problem is that we cannot identify people reliably over a computer network. So if a vandal keeps changing his/her user-id and IP address, then we cannot control him. We can only block what we know about and it takes time to identify someone as a vandal. JRSpriggs 05:08, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

How about we put the section back in and lock the article, then? Also, I think it is incorrect to list Kagome as "the main character". The InuYasha series has two protangonists, not one: Inuyasha and Kagome. It would be more accurate to list Inuyasha as the male protagonist, and Kagome as the female protangonist. Mathew Williams 01:53, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

 * You can try adding the section and then requesting page protection from an administrator or at Requests for page protection. Then we will see what happens. Getting protection is not easy. As to your other point, I will start a new section on that below. JRSpriggs 09:05, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Is Kagome above/equal/below InuYasha in importance as a character?
My opinion is that Kagome is above InuYasha in importance. The reader or viewer is intended to identify with her, not with InuYasha. She is a normal person from modern times, like most of the audience. InuYasha is a half-(dog-demon) from five hundred years ago, and frankly an insensitive jerk. His subordination to Kagome in importance is symbolized by the fact that he is subordinated to Kagome in the story by the beads of subjugation. Significant parts of the story take place in modern times which would make no sense, if Kagome were not the central character. JRSpriggs 09:05, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

While it is obviously true that Kagome is one of the central characters in the story, I do not believe that she is more important to the story than Inuyasha. The series is named after him, after all, and he is the very first character to appear (he appears even before any minor characters). His role in the story is every bit as important to the story as Kagome. I also disagree with the idea that Inuyasha is an "insensitive jerk". He has had a very rough past as a result of being a half-demon, and has a lot of issues that he hides with his rough exterior. Kagome helps Inuyasha heal these wounds over time, and Inuyasha has grown more than anyone in the series, except possibly Sesshomaru. Calling Inuyasha a jerk is akin to calling Sesshomaru a heartless murderer. Most of the characters in InuYasha are very complex, there is more to them than what's on the surface. The beginning of the story establishes the importance of Inuyasha and Kagome being together. Kagome broke the Shikon Jewel and is able to detect and find the shards, while Inuyasha has the strength to recover them. Although significant parts of the story take place in modern times, most major events occur in the feudal era. The audience generally does identify with Kagome more, but that does not make Inuyasha less important. In terms of importance in the story, Inuyasha and Kagome are equals. Let me make this clear: The InuYasha series has TWO protagonists: InuYasha and Kagome. Mathew Williams 07:00, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Equal importance to the story and both can be considered protagonists.--88wolfmaster 06:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Mathew Williams said "...he is the very first character to appear...". That is true, but it does not prove that he is the protagonist. In Bleach (manga), Rukia is the first character to appear (at least in the manga), but Ichigo is clearly the main character. It is not unusual to give a little of the "back story" to set up for the real story, this is why InuYasha appeared first. The central quest of the story is to find the shards of the Shikon jewel which came from Kagome's body and which only she (and Kikyo her previous incarnation) can see, another indication that she is the main character. JRSpriggs 10:04, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

I didn't mean that Inuyasha is the main character just because he appeared first, maybe my statement was a little pointless. Nevertheless, I still think that Inuyasha is equal to Kagome in importance to the story. I do NOT think that he is more important - Kagome has too much involvement for this to be true. All of the major characters (Inuyasha, Sesshomaru, Naraku, their groups, etc) have extensive back stories, so judging a character's importance can be difficult. Still, Kagome would not be able to fufill her mission of restoring the Shikon Jewel and killing Naraku without Inuyasha, and Inuyasha actually has more of a connection to some characters than Kagome. Inuyasha's relationship with his brother Sesshomaru and Inuyasha's history with Naraku are good examples. The reason that Kagome had the Jewel in her body is because she is Kikyo's reincarnation, and even Kikyo's connection to the Jewel can be traced back to when Sango's father gave her the Jewel (yet another case of the many interwoven character back stories). By no means do I consider Kagome a minor character or merely Kikyo's replacement, but her involvment in the story is mostly through Inuyasha and Kikyo, which makes her Inuyasha's equal in the story, nothing more. Also, Inuyasha's involvment in the events of the feudal era is by far more notable, especially since he was born there and has lived for a fairly long time. Mathew Williams 09:57, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

 * On pages 15 and 16 of volume 1 of the manga, Kagome as narrator speaks directly to reader, saying: "My house is also a very old shrine.", "I live with Grandpa, Mom, and my little brother.", "There is a sacred Go-shinboku tree that is 500 years old.", "And a covered well that probably has its own legend.", "In fact, everything at my house has a legend, but ...", "... no matter how many times Gramps tells them to me ...", "... I always forget.", "I never even thought about trying to remember them.", and "Until the day I turned 15. Today.". This shows that this story is being told by Kagome (in the fictional universe) which proves that she is the main character. JRSpriggs 09:52, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

That was in the beginning of the story. Later on in the series (at least in the anime, I'm not sure about the manga, I only have the first 24 volumes), the story is occasionally told from the point of view from other characters, including InuYasha, Miroku, and even Naraku. Did Rumiko Takahashi ever mention in interviews who she considers to be the main chracter? A source even more reliable than the manga would prove to be very useful. You're right about me not liking the idea of a female being the sole protangonist, though. One of the 2 protagonists, that's okay, but it sounds like you're really making an effort to downplay Inuyasha's importance to the story. As for me, I have nothing personal against Kagome, my arguements have already been stated. I can't really see Rumiko making Kagome the main character in a shonen manga (it has a lot of female fans, but I'm pretty sure the series is aimed at males, especially since it is published in Shonen Sunday). --Mathew Williams 12:47, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * InuYasha is very important. He is the second character and far above the third whomever that might be (Miroku, Sango, Shippo, Naraku, Sesshomaru?). He is Kagome's love interest and this results in much of the story being focused on him. I doubt that Rumiko would say that one or the other was the main character because she would want to attract both male and female readers. JRSpriggs 07:00, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

ITEMS
If I am correct, she receives a sacred bow, if someone can confirm this I believe it must be added. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.168.82.53 (talk • contribs)

 * She just uses any bow and arrow. It is her soul which makes the arrow into a sacred arrow with magical powers. JRSpriggs 09:54, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Read CH 458 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.168.82.98 (talk • contribs)

 * I have only read up to the last chapter translated to English and published by VIZ media which is chapter 288 "The Colony of Ogre Women". I have also seen the anime on television. So, obviously, I am not aware of the contents of chapter 458. I will not put anything into the article based on hearsay rather than my own reading or viewing, so I will not do what you are asking. However, you are free to add a paragraph on something which happened in that chapter. I just ask that you carefully check what you write against a reliable source, e.g. the Japanese manga. JRSpriggs 07:06, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Well... on [LINK REMOVED] site, someone has translated the manga up to 500 something chapters. Read that if you want but I won't tell anyone to do anything... BrianGo28 (talk) 05:08, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Powers
The powers section of this article needs a serious rewrite. Much of it is nonsensical to anyone who doesn't have a detailed knowlege of Kagome's powers. Showers 07:10, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * If you don't want to rewrite it, I'll add it to my list of things I want to do; however, I whatever is done will of course need checking/editing.--88wolfmaster 03:28, 15 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm working on it a little bit in my sandbox right now. There's a link to it on my user page if you want to take a look. Showers 04:07, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * How about this: I adjusted the picture so that it wouldn't interfer with the infobox on the side. --88wolfmaster 07:18, 19 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks good. Showers 19:20, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Current Revision of this page.
I think it was better before WhiteArcticWolf reorganized it. If you're going to reorganize it, and delete large sections of it, completely delete those sections, instead of leaving them blank. Plus you left an extra "=" mark after Merchandise. For now I'm going to revert your edit, and if you think it should stay the way you had it, you can discuss it here. Moocowsrule (talk) 21:33, 9 November 2008 (UTC)moocowsrule

Married
In the end of the manga Kagome goes back to the Sengoku Era and marries Inuyasha, so he, as her husband, should be (and was, but someone deleted it) in her list of relatives. 75.157.122.154 (talk) 06:47, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

 * There is no need to post in multiple places. Also, does it specifically state they married, or just that she stayed with him (and the Sesshomaru/brother thing does not count). -- AnmaFinotera  (talk · contribs) 06:58, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kagome Higurashi