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Henderson Bridge (Rhode Island)

The Henderson Bridge (also locally and informally known as the New Red Bridge) is a bridge in Rhode Island which spans the Seekonk River, and connects the East Side neighborhood of Providence with the Watchemoket and Phillipsdale neighborhoods of East Providence. After a major reconstruction, the bridge reopened to automobile traffic in phases from November 16 to 20, 2023. A new cycle path opened on November 27. A few weeks later, it was used as a detour during the emergency closure of the westbound half of the parallel Washington Bridge.

History
The old bridge was opened in 1969 to replace a swing bridge to the south, known as the Red Bridge, which connected the ends of Waterman Street on either side of the Seekonk River. Both bridges are named after the old bridge's designer, engineer George Henderson of Rumford, Rhode Island.

Previous bridges in the area
This is the sixth bridge to have been built in this part of the Seekonk River. The first was a wooden bridge built by Moses Brown in 1793 called the Central Bridge, which connected the respective ends of Waterman Avenue. The same year, Brown's brother John built the first Washington Bridge at a ferry landing point one mile south, connecting India Point and Watchemoket Square. The second and third bridges were built as replacements and were destroyed in 1807 and 1815, respectively. A swing bridge was built in 1872, which was replaced by a sturdier bridge of the same type in 1895.

Henderson Expressway
From the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, the Henderson Bridge was planned to be part of an expressway, envisioned by the Rhode Island Department of Public Works (RIDPW; now the Rhode Island Department of Transportation, or RIDOT) and the Massachusetts Department of Public Works (MassDPW; now the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, or MassDOT), that would carry a partially relocated and partially upgraded US 44 from Providence to Plymouth, MA. It would have extended from the Interstate 195 interchange with Gano Street east across the west shore of the Seekonk River, over the new bridge, and through East Providence to the existing surface US 44 boulevard (Taunton Avenue) near the Massachusetts border. MassDPW would upgrade the existing US 44 from the Rhode Island border to Taunton and then relocate US 44 to a new dedicated freeway section from Taunton to Plymouth. The bridge and the Rhode Island portion of the expressway were named after then-former RIDPW chief engineer George H. Henderson.

At what would have been the final western terminus of the incomplete expressway at I-195/US 6/U. S. Route 1A (US 6 and US 1A were re-routed to overlap with I-195 at some point), US 44 would have presumably used a short section of I-195 (a shortened part of its current overlap along I-195) to exit at South Main Street. During the upgrade/construction of I-195/US 6 to full expressway and Interstate status, a trumpet interchange was built at Gano Street to create enough capacity for the never-completed western extension of the Henderson Expressway. These ramps were partially removed, reconfigured, and partially replaced in the mid-to-late 2000s as part of the reconstruction/partial replacement of the Washington Bridge (which carries I-195, US 6, US 44, and US 1A between Providence and East Providence) and the construction of the Iway relocation of I-195 in Providence from I-95 to Gano Street and the Washington Bridge.

From 1961 until the mid-1970s, the Providence City Plan Commission proposed an alternate route for the expressway in Providence, arguing to extend it west through the East Side neighborhood using an out-of-service railroad tunnel (originally built as part of the Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad) to Downtown Providence to end at I-95 and US 6/Route 10.

Between 1967 and 1969, the first (and only) section to be completed was built, consisting of the bridge itself, its western approach (tying into a partially built interchange with the one-way pair of South Angell Street and Waterman Street), and an eastern approach including two partially-built interchanges at Massasoit Avenue and Broadway in East Providence. Until 2023, eastbound signage near and at the eastern end of the expressway at Broadway referred to Broadway as being part of Route 152. (RI 152 has its southern terminus to the northwest of this interchange at Route 114 and US 1A; more recently, RIDOT officials have reported not knowing why these signs refer to RI 152 as extending down Broadway and cannot find any surviving records discussing a potential extension of RI 152 down Broadway past the Henderson Expressway towards Taunton Avenue and Waterman Avenue (US 44), I-195/US 6/US 1A, and RI 103. However, they believe there could have been a proposal for (what local roadgeek and historian Steve Anderson refers to as) "part of a larger plan to provide a marked parallel route for US 1A / RI 114 south to I-195 and Veterans [Memorial] Parkway."  In their correspondence with Anderson RIDOT referred to the 1969 signs referring to a RI 152 extension as "relics of mid-20th century highway planning processes." )  To the east of Broadway, RIDOT purchased the right-of-way (but did not construct) for the never-built eastern extension to Taunton Avenue (US 44) and the East Providence, RI/Seekonk, MA line and state border. However, RIDOT did clear the land to the freeway's proposed end at US 44 (Taunton Avenue). An interchange with Route 114/US 1A (Pawtucket Avenue) was planned to be built as part of this section, before ending at Taunton Avenue just west of the state line and never-built Massachusetts portion of the expressway.

2020s reconstruction
On April 17, 2008, it was reported that the bridge required $50 million worth of repairs, but the state only had $3.3 million to allocate. Some problems noted are cracks in the concrete pier caps & rusting steel beams. RIDOT chief engineer Kazem Farhoumand has stated that steel reinforcements can be bolted onto the steel beams to make them "good for another 5 or 10 years." The Henderson was one of 25 bridges to receive "minor repairs" in late 2015, after a "hurry-up" program of bridge inspections in August 2015.

Transit and bike advocates have asked for years that the bridge be replaced by a more multimodal structure. In February 2019, it was announced that the existing four lane bridge will be replaced with a new two lane bridge with pedestrian and bike lanes.

Work began on reconstruction in January 2021. The project was expected to cost $84.4 million, with $54.5 million coming from a federal spending bill and the rest from the state. The bridge remained open to traffic, with one half of the bridge closed and rebuilt at a time.

The new bridge features three traffic lanes (instead of the old bridge's six), and a separated bicycle/pedestrian infrastructure with connections to existing on-street bicycle networks. Current interchanges will be converted to roundabouts. While the bridge will include bike/pedestrian infrastructure, the interchange design on the east side of the Seekonk River has faced criticism for a lack of any way for pedestrians or cyclists to safely cross traffic lanes. The rebuild freed 25 acres of land for redevelopment, and also reduced the bridge width to serve local traffic rather than the never-built expressway.

Under the Bridge
Woods and trails under and around the East Providence side of the bridge are often used by dirt-bikers for recreational use. River Road exists beneath the Providence side of the bridge, and provides access to Blackstone Park and Trails (a breach in the fence-line on the westbound side of the bridge near the "South Angell Street" signage provides quick access into the park); (a short path on the eastbound side of the bridge before the ascent onto the bridge provides access to River Road).

title: Henderson Bridge (Rhode Island)


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Talk:Online text-based role-playing game

wth?
What the hell exactly is an "online text-based role-playing game"? I highly doubt that such a title exists outside this article, unless it is being used descriptively rather then as an intended title for RPing on message boards (which doesn't have one, and the use of this term as a DESCRIPTIVE probably is in enough to use to get some Google hits - like "black, shiny paint" - but I doubt there's a Wikipedia article called "black shiny paint" that actually refers to paint). Even if there were a "title" for message board RPing, it would not merit an article. There are no "rules" or "types" of RPing on message boards, other then whatever rules the members have made up, and whatever setting they've chosen for that particular game. Yet, this entire article seems to, at a glance, be talking about those "rules", as well as numerous invented terms other then the title of the article. The existence of this article makes no sense whatsoever, and it really needs to be deleted.Rayvn (talk) 22:41, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that as a term, OTBRPG does not exist. But as a genre they're instrumental to gaming history. I would rather call them "text-based games" as this term seems silly to me. Caliah (talk)

I whole-heartedly agree. With over a decade of experience in both moderation, designing and playing in a number of the article listed sites, I've never heard the term "OTBRPG" outside of this article before. If it is in use, its by such a remarkably small number of people that it doesn't warrant a page for. (Similiar to if I and several friends decided to just abbreviate TFRPGFTSNES for 'the fun role-playing games from the Super Nintendo Entertainment System'.) The article itself is less a compliation of these games and more just notes on etiquette listed in a broad way that doesn't really pertain to many (if any) of the listed games. I agree that this article should be deleted. --Emerald Dreaming (talk) 13:12, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

I too concur. This article title is coining a phrase *never* used. How is that encyclopedic? There is interesting information in the article, though and deletion seems a little overkill. Could it be renamed? BossAnders (talk) 21:00, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Old discussion
This article really, really stinks. It goes from a somewhat fanboyish, but largely npov, discussion of the OTBRPG community and its strangenesses and charms to an obviously crufty discussion of "how you can do x" and "if you do y people will not like it," garbage punctuation/capitalisation/spelling (regardless of the warning in the supposed "rules" of the online community as to RPG players having "good spelling, punctuation, and grammar"), and sprinkled emoticons ("^_^"). This needs a major npov revisation... and a major shortening. I'm wondering how canonical these "type 1, type 2, type 3" fighting systems are, and how universal the rules are. jglc | t | c 19:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay. I know that my decision to replace the combat rules with a simple blurb will be very unpopular, but here's my justification:
 * For one thing, there was no verification of any of the information in the combat section, and no citation of any sources. For another, it was written extremely poorly - paragraphs went on entirely too long, poor sentence structure flourished, and the entire section was very crufty.  I googled for rpg + "text-based" + "type 1", and found no information about the alleged combat systems.
 * If you're going to reinsert this section into Wikipedia, please try to edit for terseness and keep the relative importance of the subject in mind. I realise that there are certain people to whom this is very important, but many others have no idea what it is. If, instead of writing an article for your friends and like-minded persons, you could write an introductory article explaining your hobby to those outside of its support community, it would be much more useful.  Always keep in mind, please, that Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia, though one with much more storage space than a paper encyclopaedia, and any contributors should write in a manner befitting such a publication. Thanks :) jglc | t | c 19:45, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed that this article needed fixing. It focused mainly on PBP and left out quite a bit of detail on real-time systems such as MUDs and the rest (when historically MUDs are extremely important to the development of multiplayer online roleplaying games), and IMO the usage of lengthy acronyms served only to confuse readers while giving them the (false) impression that they were commonly used in the community, which they are not (in my 8+ years of gaming online in various text-based systems I never heard OTBRPG used except here, no offense). No real references were given, nor background history on a number of text-based genres. Since this article is the "umbrella" article for text-based rpgs in Wikipedia, I would suggest that content for this article be written to inform the general public and utilise existing, commonly-used terminology rather than for a limited circle within the text-based rp community, or seek to redefine already-defined concepts (in other words I agree with the user comment posted above). (Caliah 17:11, 15 April 2006 (UTC))

Additional problem. I will post this in its parallel description. This article and the play-by-post gaming stuff are describe... hmm... the same thing? It may be good to see if we can either combine them, or decide on one to lead the way. Personally, I think most text-based RPGs now call themselves play-by-chat, or play-by-post, etc. - Kimmetje
 * Yes, I think that play-by-post and play-by-chat are becoming the more widely used terms (As I posted on the PBP article, I had never even come across the term OTBRPG before seeing it here on Wikipedia). At least in the text game circles that I run around in. Oh, another thing that I'd like to note about that person Googling the Type fighting systems. Usually they are known simply as T1 or T2 and are somewhat popular terminology for those in chat based RPGs. You'll find T2 fighting more often in "chat pace" RPGs (though many use the T1 style as well), whereas T1 is more common in play-by-post/forum based RPGs and is usually an unspoken rule. It's just common courtesy to wait for other players to post their responses in a role play thread before replying with another one of your own.

 * T1 (Type 1) Turn-based fighting style. Players post their characters actions and reactions one at a time, sometimes following a strict posting order.
 * T2 (Type 2) Speed-based fighting style. Players post their characters actions and reactions as fast as possible (so the fastest typer is usually the winner).

Dear God
This article has been raped by fanboys since it's original conception, I'd like to extend heartfelt thanks for the removal of the role play fighting section. My associate and I have recently decided to do a complete overhaul of all our OTBRPG related content, including this article. You can expect a marked improvement within a few weeks. As to the issue of PBP, I noticed that myself. The facts seem to be that both terms have small communities of followers. PBP seems to be a slightly more common term, but in general it seems that the community at large has no real name for what we do. Also, while it may have little bearing, this article is older than the PBP article.

My suggestion would be to make the PBP article (which is used more for advertising than for information it seems) redirect to this article. I may however be biased, being this articles creator. I'll leave it to a more experienced individual to deal with that.

In the mean time, I will work on improving this article. Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Linkskywalker (talk • contribs) 23:21, 1 August 2005

Just an update - I have not forgotten about this article, and I apologise for the delay, I *am* working on it and keeping it stored localy rather than uploading it until I have it completely finnished. Unfuntunatly, I have a few obligations that take precedence. I apologise for the delay. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Linkskywalker (talk • contribs) 14:08, 15 August 2005

 * No problem. I'm looking forward to seeing your revisions/additions. I'm watching the page, so, if anything further goes awry, I can take care of it. jglc | t | c 09:42, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

OTBRPG Version 2.0
Alright, I've cut the article down to 2 paragraphs that give (I feel) a good summary of what an Online Text Based Role Playing Game is. However, I make no assertations of being good at writing encyclopedia style articles. I'd love it if the more experienced members of wikipedia could help me improve this article either through tips or editing the article directly. I for one am not comfortable with the way the article ended, it seems chopped off to me. I might add a paragraph about how to enter the OTBRPG community smoothly, or somthing of the like. If you can think of any information you would find helpful as an outsider learning of OTBRPGs for the first time, I would be much appreciative. Generaly it's hard to write about the community as a whole, since nothing has ever been formalized or even standardised. |User: Linkskywalker | Date/Time: Thursday September 8th 2005, 14:42|

Advertising
The external links look more like advertisments than links to informative material. Indeed, some of them don't even link to actual OTBRPGS, but rather to MUD type games.
 * Agreed. Words like "excellent" and "immersive" are inappropriate.  I would support removing this page as spam.  Elonka 12:41, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
 * This article has had troubles with people spamming the External links, but the whole article isn't spam. If you see an inappropriate external link please feel free to modify/remove it. —gorgan_almighty 13:33, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Sources...
I am unaware of any *existing* sources for this topic, aside from forums.

That is, in fact, why I started documenting this type of game.

 * I have recently added cited references that back up the claims in this article (see diff). I propose removing the notice now. —gorgan_almighty 14:58, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Potential merge
There seems to be a lot of overlap between this article, and List of Text-Based MMORPGs. Should they perhaps be combined? Elonka 12:18, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Strong Appose. Huge lists like that are discouraged on Wikipedia as they're not very encyclopedic. This article already has a list of relevant links and it's hard enough keeping the ad spam out of that. List of Text-Based MMORPGs should either be done as a Category instead of an article or it should be deleted completely as non-encyclopedic ad spam. Either way it shouldn't be allowed to pollute this article. —gorgan_almighty 12:38, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, but i think before doing that, a topic should be clarified: the definition on this article for OTBRPG doesnt fit well with most of the games listed on List of Text-Based MMORPGs, as those follow closer the descripition found in Turn-Based MMORPG.
 * In fact I think the browser-based should be divided into graphical and textual, and the latter categorized into MUD-like games or turn-based games - though this is just an idea from someone that is a bit confused with so much contradicting information...
 * Waldir 02:16, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Were you agreeing with me (gorgan_almighty) or Elonka? —gorgan_almighty 11:13, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agreed with you (gorgan). I'd refuse Elonka's sugesttion precisely because of that unclarified issue i mentioned above (the descriptions dont fit each other), which i ask again to be furtherly discussed. Your suggestion (gorgan) is fair enough (the category one, of course), and is the is still useful to people who are looking for an extensive list of this genre of MMORPGs. I obviously disagree that the article should simply be deleted, but converted to a category is a good idea. By the way, probably there would be a need of sub-categories, so the thematic division could still be made, as it is in the article at the moment. Waldir 00:21, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There is considerable confusion about the term "online text-based roleplaying game". When most people see the term, they think about a MUD or other multiplayer game, but this article seems to be primarily about turn-based games.  I propose that the article be at least moved to a more appropriate title, such as "Online turn-based text roleplaying games".  Elonka 03:09, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Then, why not merge it with Turn-Based MMORPG? (But here its said that OTBRPG is another term for post by post RPG, and i dont think turn -based mmorpgs are post by post... that is more like a forum, right?

 * The term itself should cover MUDs and MU*s, which I added in their own section. Think it was easier to give this article a small facelift than merge it with existing articles. (Caliah 17:20, 15 April 2006 (UTC))

Don't go overboard removing External links
The spam notice that someone put at the top of the page doesn't mean that all external links are spam. Some anonymous editor recently removed the links that I added to other sources of NPOV information about OTBRPGs. I added them in an attempt to cite references to the information documented in the article, thus solving the problem. They were not spam. Please be less hasty when removing external links in future. —gorgan_almighty 14:49, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Do not add additional definitions that can be derived from external articles
This is an article for online text-based role-playing, not role-playing itself. There is no need to go to great lengths to describe role-playing when there already exists a separate article for this purpose.

References needed for generalisations on this topic
Generalisations about popular websites and their impact on the popularity of roleplaying among young adults are lacking references. Roleplaying as a creative medium existed and was popular long before said websites (Gaia Online, Neopets, etc.) were even created. Hence such assertions should come with appropriate reference links. (And please do not use this article as a promotion/endorsement for your own roleplaying websites!!)

Merger
Sparring (online role-playing) has been moved to Online text-based role-playing game/Sparring as per the consensus at Articles for deletion/Sparring (online role-playing) and part or all of it should be merged into the article, after a merger has been done it may be necessary to history merge the history from that page into the main article and then delete the temp page. Pegasus1138 Talk 21:25, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Merge completed. Percy Snoodle 12:38, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

I'd like to motion that the sparring article be moved to Freeform_role-playing_game. Alighieri 16:07, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

*A dark stranger comes into the room and kills them all*
What? no mention of this infamous statement?

Elitism
This is not an appropriate section for this article. It smacks of the user's bitterness for being ridiculed on some game or other and them taking their frustrations to wikipedia to vent. I move it be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.250.137.144 (talk) 04:36, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree, it's unencyclopedic and original research anyway. I've removed it. -kotra (talk) 23:16, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Computer Text-based On-line role-playing game
A long time ago, I played a computer text-based on-line role-playing game that was completely made of text. I found it on Uncyclopedia, and it was the weirdest game ever. I had to tell the computer to go North, South, East, or West and the computer did it. But when I said, "Quit", the computer made fun of me. The game was a black screen with white text on top like a game you would make on Basic or something. I think that that game should also be placed here. I don't remember the title, but it was indeed strange! 76.192.142.216 (talk) 21:28, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * From your description here, it sounds like a standard MUD or Zork-type game. I know of a Zork-type game on Uncyclopedia, but I thought it was just something an Uncyclopedia editor made up. If you can find the make of the one you're thinking of, and it's a particularly notable example of its genre (like one of the most popular or innovative or something), maybe it would be relevant to include in this article. But if it's not especially notable to an overview of online text-based RPGs, it would probably be better as just its own article, appropriately categorized so it could be found, or maybe listed on List of text-based computer games if it fits the description. -kotra (talk) 23:15, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Those are called text adventures. They still make 'em.Rayvn (talk) 22:41, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Example game(s) or link to a list?
If I'm correct, the article doesn't mention a single(!) example of an on-line text-based role-playing game. No link to a list of such games either. --82.171.70.54 (talk) 00:32, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
 * It's tough pinning down individual games as having been instrumental to the development of the genre without adding a whole other list that people might feel to have been important, or add mu* link lists without looking like advertising for that particular list. Perhaps you could do research on some. Caliah (talk) 20:32, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
 * There are officially approved games of this format out there. One example would be located at www.stsf.net, which is officially linked and sanctioned by the website of StarTrek.com. Aafm (talk) 08:17, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I propose going with Aafm's suggestion and only using officially linked or sanctioned games with a large user base. Otherwise the same problem we encountered on Play-by-post_role-playing_game will happen here and the links section will get used as a means of people advertising their personal games. On that article, we only allow portals and not the games themselves to be linked. --Frugen (talk) 19:34, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

Psychology references
Are the references made sufficient? They are not links, and as far as I can tell, if those articles are online, they are locked behind a paywall. --68.133.22.25 (talk) 23:09, 14 August 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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File:JohnnyCashSingsTheSongsThatMadeHimFamous.jpg

Fair use in Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.


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Peter Vaughan

Peter Ewart Ohm (4 April 1923 – 6 December 2016), known professionally as Peter Vaughan, was an English character actor known for many supporting roles in British film and television productions. He also acted extensively on stage.

He is perhaps best known for his role as Grouty in the sitcom Porridge and its 1979 film adaptation. Other roles included a recurring role alongside Robert Lindsay in the sitcom Citizen Smith, Tom Hedden in Straw Dogs, Winston the Ogre in Time Bandits, Tom Franklin in Chancer, and Mr. Stevens, Sr. in The Remains of the Day. His final role was as Maester Aemon in HBO's Game of Thrones (2011–2015).

Early life
Vaughan was born Peter Ewart Ohm on 4 April 1923 in Wem, Shropshire, the son of a bank clerk, Max Ohm, who was an Austrian immigrant, and Eva Wright, a nurse. The family later moved to Wellington, in the same county, where he began his schooling. Vaughan said that while reciting a poem at infant school in Wellington he first experienced the applause and admiration coming from a good performance. From the age of seven he lived in Staffordshire, where he attended Uttoxeter Grammar School. After leaving school, Vaughan joined the Wolverhampton Repertory Theatre in 1939, and gained experience in other repertory theatres as well. He adopted the stage name Peter Vaughan, though he never changed his name legally.

During service in the British Army during the Second World War, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Corps of Signals on 9 June 1943, and served in Normandy, Belgium, and the Far East. At the end of the war, Vaughan was in Singapore during the liberation of Changi Prison.

Career
Vaughan made his film debut in 1959 in an uncredited role as a police officer in The 39 Steps. He continued for several years to play small parts, including more cameos as policemen in Village of the Damned and The Victors, before gaining his first starring role, in a minor picture called Smokescreen (1964), where he played an insurance assessor investigating a businessman's disappearance in one of the last, and best, of the old-style British B-movies. In 1967, he received second billing opposite Frank Sinatra in the film The Naked Runner. His performance was not well received by one critic who accused him of overacting in his role as a British agent. He played Mr. Freeman in Karel Reisz's 1980 The French Lieutenant's Woman, alongside Meryl Streep and Jeremy Irons.

Possibly Vaughan's highest-profile film performance was as the father of Anthony Hopkins's character in The Remains of the Day (1993). He was also cast in Terry Gilliam's The Man Who Killed Don Quixote, but had not shot any material before that project was abandoned. He had previously appeared for Gilliam in Time Bandits and Brazil. Vaughan appeared as a menacing character in Straw Dogs (1971), and with Bill Murray in a film of W. Somerset Maugham's novel The Razor's Edge in 1984. In 1996, he appeared as Giles Corey in The Crucible, and in 1997 he appeared alongside Robert Carlyle and Ray Winstone in Face. In 1998, Vaughan played Bishop Myriel in Les Misérables, alongside Liam Neeson. His most unusual role may have been as SS Obergruppenführer Arthur Nebe in the 1994 film of Robert Harris's novel Fatherland.

He appeared in the music video for Kate Bush's song "Experiment IV".

Television
Vaughan became known for his performances on television, including supporting roles in Porridge (as "Genial" Harry Grout) and Citizen Smith as Charles Johnson (his role in the latter series was taken over by Tony Steedman). His role in Porridge brought him a great deal of public recognition despite his character appearing in only three episodes and in the 1979 film of the series. In 1975, he appeared as Tony Kirby in an episode of the hard hitting police drama The Sweeney entitled Stay Lucky, Eh?

He also appeared as "The Fence" in the well known humorous advert for McVities Fruit Shortcake biscuits along with Harry Fowler.

In 1969, Vaughan appeared in Randall and Hopkirk in the episode "Never Trust a Ghost". In the same year, he starred in the thirteen-part London Weekend Television TV series The Gold Robbers. In December 1972, he appeared as Mr. Paxton in the BBC television adaptation of the M.R. James ghost story in A Warning to the Curious, shown as part of their annual series A Ghost Story for Christmas. ' In September 1973, he appeared as Quinn in the London Weekend Television TV series The Protectors, in an episode called 'Quinn'.

Vaughan starred as Billy Fox in the Thames Television series Fox (1980). The saga was written by Trevor Preston, directed by Jim Goddard, and produced by Verity Lambert. Other Fox family members were played by Elizabeth Spriggs, Ray Winstone, Larry Lamb, and Bernard Hill. Historical roles Vaughan played include those of Russian foreign minister Alexander Izvolsky in the serial Fall of Eagles (1974), British politician Thomas Inskip in the mini-series Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (1981), the title role in A Last Visitor for Mr. Hugh Peter (1981), and German Nazi figures Kurt Zeitzler in the miniseries War and Remembrance (1988) and Hermann Göring in the Granada Television-PBS docu-drama Countdown to War (1989). He also appeared in many literary adaptations, such as Bleak House (BBC, 1985), in which he played the sinister lawyer Mr. Tulkinghorn, and Our Mutual Friend (BBC Two, 1998). Other television work includes the espionage thriller Codename: Kyril (1988), in a lead role as the head of the KGB.

In 1986, Vaughan appeared in the promotional video for Kate Bush's "Experiment IV" single. In 1991, he played John Turner in an episode of Granada Television's The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes titled '"The Boscombe Valley Mystery".

He also appeared in the BBC production of Alan Aykbourn's play 'Season's Greetings' which was broadcast at Christmas 1986, and repeated on BBC 2 some years later. He played the role of Uncle Harvey.

Vaughan later attained particular acclaim for his supporting role as the Alzheimer's sufferer Felix Hutchinson in Our Friends in the North (BBC Two, 1996), a role that garnered a Best Actor nomination at the 1997 British Academy Television Awards. He played the clockmaker George Graham in Longitude, the TV drama adaptation of Dava Sobel's eponymous non-fiction novel about the quest for a means to determine longitude at sea. In 2007 he starred in the television series Mobile, and as Uncle Alfie in the film Death at a Funeral. In 2011 Vaughan starred as Michael Dodd in the BBC courtroom drama Silk. His final role, between 2011 and 2015, was Maester Aemon in the HBO series Game of Thrones.

Radio
Vaughan was heard as Superintendent Kirk in the BBC dramatisation of Dorothy L. Sayers' Peter Wimsey novel Busman's Honeymoon, and as Denethor in the 1981 BBC Radio production of The Lord of the Rings. He played Charles Augustus Milverton in a 1993 BBC radio dramatization of the Sherlock Holmes short story.

Stage
Vaughan's first breakthrough role was in 1964 as Ed in Joe Orton's work Entertaining Mr Sloane performed at Wyndham's Theatre.

Personal life and death
The first of Vaughan's two marriages was to Billie Whitelaw, whom he married in 1952 and divorced in 1966. His second wife was actress Lilias Walker, with whom he lived in the village of Mannings Heath, in West Sussex, until his death, having previously lived in Crawley. His stepdaughter Victoria Burton (actress and producer) is married to Gregor Fisher.

Vaughan was partially blind in his old age. On 6 December 2016, he died from natural causes in Surrey at the age of 93.

Filmography
Vaughan appeared in the following films and television series:

 * The 39 Steps (1959) as 2nd Police Constable on Train (uncredited)
 * Sapphire (1959) as Detective Whitehead (uncredited)
 * Village of the Damned (1960) as P.C. Gobby
 * Make Mine Mink (1960) as Policeman in Car (uncredited)
 * Deadline Midnight (1960–1961, TV series) as Joe Dunn
 * Two Living, One Dead (1961) as John Kester
 * The Court Martial of Major Keller (1961) as Purvey
 * I Thank a Fool (1962) as Police Inspector
 * The Devil's Agent (1962) as Chief of Hungarian Police
 * Oliver Twist (1962 TV series) as Bill Sikes
 * The Punch and Judy Man (1963) as Committee Man
 * The Victors (1963) as Policeman
 * Smokescreen (1964) as Roper
 * Fanatic (1965) as Harry
 * Rotten to the Core (1965) as Sir Henry Capell
 * The Naked Runner (1967) as Martin Slattery
 * The Man Outside (1967) as Nikolai Volkov
 * Great Expectations (1967, TV series) as Mr. Jaggers
 * The Bofors Gun (1968) as Sgt. Walker
 * Hammerhead (1968) as Hammerhead
 * A Twist of Sand (1968) as Johann
 * Alfred the Great (1969) as Burrud
 * The Gold Robbers (1969) as DCS Cradock
 * Taste of Excitement (1970) as Inspector Malling
 * Eyewitness (1970) as Paul Grazzini
 * Straw Dogs (1971) as Tom Hedden
 * The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes (1971, TV series) as Horace Dorrington
 * The Pied Piper (1972) as Bishop
 * Savage Messiah (1972) as Museum Attendant
 * A Warning to the Curious (1972) as Mr. Paxton
 * The Return (1973) as Steven Royds
 * The Blockhouse (1973) as Aufret
 * The MacKintosh Man (1973) as Brunskill
 * Malachi's Cove (1973) as Mr. Gunliffe
 * Massacre in Rome (1973) as Gen. Albert Kesselring
 * Symptoms (1974) as Brady
 * 11 Harrowhouse (1974) as Coglin
 * Intimate Reflections (1975) as Saleman
 * Valentino (1977) as Rory O'Neil
 * The Doombolt Chase (1978, TV miniseries) as Captain Hatfield
 * Zulu Dawn (1979) as Q.S.M. Bloomfield
 * Porridge (1979) as Harry Grout
 * The Danedyke Mystery (1979, TV series) as Det. Insp. Burroughs
 * Fox (1980, TV series) as Billy Fox
 * Time Bandits (1981) as Winston the Ogre
 * The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981) as Mr. Freeman
 * Coming Out of the Ice (1982) as Belov
 * The Razor's Edge (1984) as Mackenzie
 * Forbidden (1984) as Major Stauffel
 * Brazil (1985) as Mr. Helpmann
 * Sins (1986, TV miniseries) as Chief Prosecutor
 * Monte Carlo (1986, TV miniseries) as Pabst
 * Haunted Honeymoon (1986) as Francis Abbot, Sr.
 * Coast to Coast (1987) as The Chiropodist
 * Countdown to War (1989) as Hermann Göring
 * Mountains of the Moon (1990) as Lord Houghton
 * King of the Wind (1990) as Captain
 * Prisoner of Honor (1991) as Gen. Mercier
 * The Boscombe Valley Mystery, The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (1991) as John Turner
 * Lovejoy (1992) as Marek (episode "The Prague Sun")
 * Nightingales (1993) as William Stevens
 * The Remains of the Day (1993) as William Stevens
 * Dandelion Dead (1994) as Doctor Hinks
 * ''Rab C. Nesbitt (1994) (UK TV series) as Brother Adam (episode "Buckfast")
 * Fatherland (1994) as Nebe
 * The Secret Agent (1996) as The Driver
 * The Crucible (1996) as Giles Corey
 * Our Friends in the North (1996) as Felix Hutchinson
 * The Moonstone (1997) as Gabriel Betterege
 * Face (1997) as Sonny
 * Our Mutual Friend (1998, TV miniseries) as Mr. Boffin
 * Les misérables (1998) as the Bishop
 * The Legend of 1900 (1998) as 'Pops', the Shopkeeper
 * The Good Son (1998) as Mick Doyle
 * An Ideal Husband (1999) as Phipps
 * Horatio Hornblower: The Wrong War (1999, TV movie) as Admiral Lord Hood
 * Canone inverso – Making Love (2000) as Old Baron Blau
 * Longitude (2000) as George Graham
 * The 10th Kingdom (2000) as Wilfred Peep
 * The Thing About Vince (2000) as Ray Skinner
 * Hotel Splendide (2000) as Morton Blanche
 * Second Sight (2000, TV series) as Harold King (guest appearance, episode Kingdom of the Blind)
 * Lorna Doone (2000) as Sir Ensor Doone
 * Kiss Kiss (Bang Bang) (2001) as Daddy Zoo
 * Heartbeat (2002, TV series) as Arthur Wainwright
 * The Jury (2002, TV series) as Michael Colchester
 * Casualty (2003, TV series) as Henry Lambert
 * The Mother (2003) as Toots
 * Thursday the 12th (2003, TV movie) as Edgar Bannister
 * Margery and Gladys (2003, TV movie) as Troy Gladwell
 * Sweet Medicine (2003, TV series) as Laurence Barber
 * Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher (2003, TV movie) as Harry Grout
 * The Life and Death of Peter Sellers (2004) as Bill Sellers
 * Beauty (2004, TV movie) as Mr. Robbins
 * The Queen of Sheba's Pearls (2004) as Edward Pretty
 * Malice Aforethought (2005, TV movie) as Widdicombe
 * Heartbeat (2005, TV series) as Mr. Andrews
 * Care (2006, short) as Archie
 * Death at a Funeral (2007) as Uncle Alfie
 * Mobile (2007, TV miniseries) as Grandad Stoan
 * Christmas at the Riviera (2007, TV movie) as Glen
 * Lark Rise to Candleford (2008, TV series) as Reverend Ellison
 * HolbyBlue (2008, TV series) as Clarence
 * Is Anybody There? (2008) as Bob
 * The Antiques Rogue Show (2009, TV movie) as George Greenhalgh
 * Doc Martin (2011, TV series) as William Newcross (guest appearance)
 * Silk (2011, TV series) as Michael Dodd (guest appearance)
 * Albatross (2011) as Grandpa
 * Game of Thrones (2011–2015, TV series) as Maester Aemon (11 episodes; recurring) (final role)

title: Peter Vaughan


text:
Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2

Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2 is the second compilation album by the Eagles. It features many of their biggest hits not on Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975), including "Hotel California", their signature song. The album was released in 1982, after the band's breakup. That same year, Don Henley and Glenn Frey both released their debut solo albums.

The compilation features eight combined tracks from Hotel California and The Long Run. Also included is "After the Thrill Is Gone", an album track from One of These Nights. (That song, with its title that summed up the state of the band at the time, was strategically placed as the last track on Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2.) "Seven Bridges Road", the single from 1980's Eagles Live, rounds out the album, which has sold over 11 million copies in the U.S. since its release.

Personnel

 * Don Felder – vocals, slide guitar, guitars
 * Glenn Frey – vocals, guitars, piano, keyboards
 * Don Henley – vocals, drums, percussion
 * Bernie Leadon – vocals, pedal steel guitar (uncredited; "After the Thrill Is Gone" only)
 * Randy Meisner – vocals, bass guitar ("Hotel California", "Victim of Love", "Life in the Fast Lane", "New Kid in Town", "After the Thrill Is Gone" only)
 * Timothy B. Schmit – vocals, bass guitar ("Heartache Tonight", "Seven Bridges Road", "The Sad Cafe", "I Can't Tell You Why", "The Long Run" only)
 * Joe Walsh – vocals, slide guitar, guitars, keyboards (except "After the Thrill is Gone")

title: Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2


text:
Podsafe

Podsafe is a term created in the podcasting community to refer to any work which, through its licensing, specifically allows the use of the work in podcasting, regardless of restrictions the same work might have in other realms. For example, a song may be legal to use in podcasts, but may need to be purchased or have royalties paid for over-the-air radio use, television use, and possibly even personal use.

Podsafe music gained modest popularity in the early days of podcasting, largely because of podcaster resources like the now-defunct Podsafe Music Network. Most podcasters were just hobbyists at that point. In the early 2010s, the podcast industry professionalized with the advent of podcast-oriented media companies such as Earwolf. Some traditional media organizations such as NPR started making podcasting a major part of their strategy. As more money started pouring into the industry, the content diversified and podsafe music faded into obscurity.

Definition of "podsafe"
The effective definition of "podsafe" for a given work depends entirely on the contract through which the podcaster licenses the work; there is no single podsafe license.

While some works (such as public domain works or works under some Creative Commons licenses) are inherently podsafe, the only actual requirement for a work to be podsafe is that any licensing requirements it has, if applicable, allow for the work's free use (typical broadcast use in its original form, if in no other form, depending on the specific license) in a podcast or web broadcast. This gives specific favor to podcasts only, allowing the artist to impose more traditional constraints on everyone else. Podsafe licensing can, for example, continue to require non-podcast consumers to pay for the work, require royalties on derivative works, and profit significantly from the work's use in traditional radio, television, or film.

The licensor of any podsafe work must be legally capable of making it so. An artist cannot distribute his or her own work through a podsafe license if doing so would break any laws or breach any standing agreements (e.g. with the RIAA). The creator of a derivative work may also not claim this work podsafe without express permission from the original copyright holders. (PMN has more specific and stringent terms to this effect in its agreement.)

Another point of contention is that not all podcasts are non-commercial works. Even in the early days, an increasing number of podcasts were taking on sponsors and looking to make a profit. In general, no significant distinction was made between podsafe for non-commercial use and podsafe for commercial use.

For the podcaster
As podcasting grows more and more popular, illegal use of heavily licensed music (as through the RIAA) starts to grow at an extremely high pace. This is in general of greater concern to podcasters than to the typical sharer of music, because podcasters usually produce their shows for and promote them to the public.

Including such licensed music legally has its own set of caveats. Many licensing agencies, if they do intend to allow the use of their music on podcasts, will require not only the payment of royalties but also the use of DRM on the shows. (DRM, because of its proprietary, system-specific nature, would be destructive to the general openness and system independence of podcasts.)

Use of podsafe music instead of more stringently licensed material allows a podcaster to continue to produce an inexpensive, legal program with little hassle. Not least important for an independent podcaster is the promise of being able to avoid the confusing maze of licensing organizations.

For the artist
Conventional radio (and television) can present a difficult, and not always logical, barrier of entry for a musician or other media artist involving large sums of money and often a great deal of surrender in both ownership and creative freedom.

In contrast, podcasting, an increasingly popular medium for audio programs, is more receptive to artists and input. While a conventional radio show may be able to replay a large part of its music selection from day to day, there would be little point in downloading a music podcast whose selection did not vary significantly from a previous show.

title: Podsafe


text:
Ousas

Ousas, also Ousanas II (c. 500), was a king of the Kingdom of Aksum. He succeeded Nezool atop the throne.

Ousas is primarily known from the coins that were minted during his reign. Since the gold coins issued with this king's name closely resemble those of King Kaleb of Axum, Stuart Munro-Hay suggests that Ousas may be another name of Tazena, who is described both in Ethiopian tradition and on Kaleb's coins as his father.

title: Ousas


text:
Talk:Renminbi/to do

 * Update details of the renminbi peg (recently re-aligned to a basket of currencies)
 * The article needs coin specifications (width, thickness, weight) to be tabulated, and photographs of them.

title: Talk:Renminbi/to do


text:
Vaavu Atoll

Vaavu Atoll is an administrative division of the Maldives, comprising the natural atolls of Felidhu Atoll and the Vattaru Reef.

It is the smallest administrative atoll in the Maldives in terms of population.

This atoll is located 40 mi from the capital Malé, 60 minutes by speedboat, and 3 hours by dhoni.

The Vaavu Atoll administrative division includes two geographical atolls: Felidhu Atoll and the small egg-shaped Vattaru Reef, which has only one little islet, Vattaru, and is 9 km in diameter.

The easternmost geographical point of the Maldives is located at Fottheyo Muli, close to Foththeyo-bodufushi Island.

No remains from the Buddhist period have been found on this atoll.

Resort islands
Resort islands are classified as Uninhabited Islands which have been converted to become resorts. As of 2017, Vaavu has two resorts with 434 beds. The following are the resort islands, with the official name of the resort.

title: Vaavu Atoll


text:
File:Popup estate cabernet m.jpg

Summary
KK 2001 Cab label. Only used in Kathryn Kennedy Winery Article as no free version is available for this copyrighted logo.

title: File:Popup estate cabernet m.jpg


text:
Kennedy Road

Kennedy Road may refer to:

Canada

 * Kennedy Road, a numbered roads in Peel Region, Ontario
 * Kennedy Road (Toronto), Ontario

Elsewhere

 * Kennedy Avenue, Turkey
 * Kennedy Road, Durban, South Africa
 * Kennedy Road, Hong Kong
 * Kennedy Expressway, Chicago, United States
 * Kennedy Highway, Queensland, Australia
 * Kennedytunnel, Antwerp, Belgium

Horses

 * Kennedy Road (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse
 * Kennedy Road Stakes, a Canadian Thoroughbred horse race

title: Kennedy Road


text:
Talk:Who's on First?

RUSH HOUR 2, TOO?
I can remember a similar sequence than the one already cited on the page that occurred in the second Rush Hour film. It occurs when Jackie Chan's character is on Ricky Tan's boat, and, thinking Chris Tucker's character is dead, confronts one of the henchmen. Chris Tucker comes by asking "WHO died, Lee?" Jackie Chan, stunned, says: "YOU!" Tucker responds confused, "Dective Yu?", and a very confusing snippet of dialogue occurs that ends with an allusion to a line in the first Rush Hour film. --- JS, 75.40.135.250 21:35, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Brief History of Oil
In Robert Newman's "History of Oil", Robert references the skit during a section discussing oil and food. "Who" and "When", are Chinese political leaders Hu Jintao (Who) and Wen Jiabao (When). --Mdwyer (talk) 20:03, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 http://video.aol.com/video-detail/whose-on-first/77914036 ' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.245.156.250 (talk) 09:37, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

WHO IS on 1st???
People, please stop changing "Who's" to "Whose" throughout this article. It's correctly a contraction for "Who is", not a possesive pronoun. I don't know if it's a running joke, but he's on third, and I don't give a darn. Zeng8r (talk) 12:37, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

Script of joke
Script needs to be edited, as it states that Tomorrow is the "out field"ers name, but tomorrow is the pitchers name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.195.127.202 (talk) 02:24, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Tomorrow is the pitcher, but I can't remember who the outfielder is. I am listing names with their positions.

Walex & 03. A Life together. (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 21:21, 27 February 2012 (UTC).

 * I see that somebody edited the script a bit. That kind of thing could go on forever, as A & C did many slight variations of this routine. I personally have audio of 3 different versions, all similar but different in a few places.

 * That's why I think that the script should be cut out of the article altogether. There is no single definitive "Who's on 1st" script, so listing one here is misleading and, really, factually incorrect. If somebody wants to read or hear this routine, several of the external links have script and/or audio copies of various versions.

 * What say others? Zeng8r (talk) 00:59, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

After watching more editing of the script for a while, I went ahead and removed it for the reasons listed above. It's not like quoting from a movie script; this routine was usually performed live, almost always with slight but noticable improvisational touches. Zeng8r (talk) 01:42, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

It was originally from a movie. They do stand-up sometimes. They do it over so many times that the script changes. However I think the t should be noted.

Walex & 03. A Life together. (talk) 21:19, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Vaudeville was "stand-up" before there was stand-up. They performed this skit live on stage hundreds (if not thousands) of times before putting it on film. They also did it on the radio on several occasions. As for the outfielders, Why is in left, Because is in center. The right fielder is never mentioned. Zeng8r (talk) 11:45, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

In Popular Culture
In a 2007 episode of 1 vs. 100 a question was "In the Abbott and Costello skit Who's on First, what is the name of the second baseman?"
 * A. Who
 * B. What
 * C. I don't know

Please tell me this is a joke. Asking about the sketch as a question for a quiz show constitutes In Popular Culture?... does that mean we should add every queston to articles (i.e. Gravity: In Popular Culture - 1 vs. 100, 50/50, 20 other shows, 50 board games & more asked who discovered gravity). Gaz (talk?) 10:45, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The "in popular culture" section is out of control, imo, with lots of stuff in there that's only loosely related to the sketch. I'm going to be bold and start trimming the fat some time next week but would greatly appreciate input from others. Thanks in advance... Zeng8r (talk) 23:12, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

I removed a recently-added example that was probably inspired by this sketch but didn't explicitly use "who" or "what", etc. As discussed here, that section used to be severely overgrown but was pruned back to include only direct references to the skit in major media. Thanks for understanding... Zeng8r (talk) 02:12, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

 * There's an Animaniacs episode that takes place at Woodstock where Slappy and Skippy Squirrel do their version of the bit (Who's on Stage?). Slappy tries to find out who's on stage (The Who).  Skippy plays the straight man part and responds with "Who".  The bit goes on to include The Band and Yes.  Why is this not included?  [M.S.A.2.H.8.1.4.]  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.148.96.46 (talk) 03:52, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

 * See the post just above yours. To keep the info in that section as relevant as possible, only examples that use a close variation of "who, what, I don't know", etc. are included. This skit has been referenced so many times in so many mediums that a comprehensive list would be both humongous and unhelpful. The line has to be drawn somewhere, imo. Zeng8r (talk) 17:38, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

I renamed the section to "Derivatives" to help delineate future additions. The history section shows that the sketch itself is derived from earlier burlesque sketches, so it makes sense to include decendants, too. The article is still relatively short, so I see no reason to chop since the examples make for entertaining reading when well written. 70.109.188.179 (talk) 17:49, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

The rock band version was also performed on an episode of the TV show "Eight Is Enough" with Dick van Patten and the youngest child, whose name escapes me. I do not have a reference for it however, but do remember watching it.Kgilbert78 (talk) 15:00, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

Costello in for DiMaggio
"The skit serves as a climax for an Abbott and Costello radio broadcast which begins with Costello receiving a telegram from Joe DiMaggio. DiMaggio explains that he is recovering from an operation on his foot and asks Costello to take over for him. One could infer that Costello is the unmentioned right fielder, and that the unnamed team is the New York Yankees[5]."

This seems unlikely as DiMaggio didn't play Right Field many times over the course of his career. He was the regular Center Fielder. But who knows. 65.79.173.135 (talk) 20:36, 5 May 2009 (UTC)Will in New Haven65.79.173.135 (talk) 20:36, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Any one have an idea?
I remember a version relatively recently that I saw on TV. The guy decided the bit was a little old fashioned and said that he wanted to "update it" for a modern audience. Then the bit was performed exactly like the original except the names were replaced by the names of modern baseball players. It made no sense of course, but I thought it was pretty funny. I haven't been able to find it again. Anyone have any idea?--91.11.120.165 (talk) 10:06, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Who's on First? (board game) to here
The board game article has little to no content p  b  p  16:10, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Propositional attitude link
Why is there a link to "Propositional attitude" in the See Also section? I was going to remove this, but that would just leave the Baseball portal and I wasn't sure how that would work as the only item in the section. Pruwyben (talk) 21:28, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

Additional Routine
Once I heard another A&C routine called SOUNDMAN'S REVENGE (I believe). In it A&C were going to the RCA studio for the first time and Costello wanted to know the names of all the people at the studio so he could say Hi.

Same chaos ensues... but the names are Somebody, Anybody, Nobody, Everybody.... etc. You can see where that leads.

I have never been able to find this again... It would make a good additional reference to this type of routine if I could find a link to it.

Does anyone know of one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Billvaxman (talk • contribs) 21:40, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

A rap version
There does exist a rap version which can be found on a compilation album called Def Beats 1 (Ten Non-Stop Full-Length 12" Mixes) on the Music Of Life label. It came out in 1987. I remember John Peel played it at least once. It's renamed Who's The Captain and it's by Microphone Prince featuring Count Busy 'D'. The original 12" came out on Still Rising records in '86 in the US. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.17.185 (talk) 15:37, 31 March 2015 (UTC)

Can someone insert the reference to the current movie "Arrival", please?
In the movie the 2 aliens are named Abbott and Costello with reference to the originals. The movies is mostly about language issues (with an alien race visiting earth) and time travel. 84.60.204.79 (talk) 16:30, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

Who is on the Phone
Could someone help me add the Saturday Night Live sketch "Who is on the Phone"? The Mo-Ja'al (talk) 22:21, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

COVID-19
I wish I could remember, but somewhere I saw Abbott and Costello arguing about the World Health Organization because of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.— Vchimpanzee  •  talk  •  contributions  •  15:49, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

the right fielder is never identified
Abbott implicitly concurs that there is somebody on the field called Naturally, otherwise his rejoinder "You don't! You throw it to Who!" would not make any sense. Since we also have just this one unnamed position, the conclusion is clear, and it is not Nobody. 2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:1D53:C2C1:473:FAA9 (talk) 13:36, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Who's on First?


text:
Talk:Elon University

Is it seven? Or is it [more like] nine?
These comments are based on -- or "as of" -- the "Latest revision as of 09:11, 14 March 2024" version of this article.

What the "Campus" section of this article says
The first sentence of the second paragraph of the "Campus" section of this article says: [QUOTE]:"Elon's 656-acre (265.5 ha) campus is divided into seven major neighborhoods: Historic Campus, Central Campus, Global Neighborhood, The Oaks, The Station at Mill Point, Danieley Center, East Neighborhood, The Colonnades, and South Campus."

Internal disagreement
One problem is that while the [above quoted] sentence first says "seven", then it immediately proceeds to list nine different ['major neighborhood'?] names, right after the colon. (Were two "list entries" perhaps 'added', without updating the "total" number stated? Or... is there some other explanation, for what seems to be either a discrepancy or some "room for improvement"?)

External 'disagreement'
In addition, the article about the Campus of Elon University has a "Residential Neighborhoods" section that seems to be inconsistent with (both the nine "list entries" and the stated number "seven", in) the ["Campus"] section of this article. I found that the "Residential Neighborhoods" section of "Campus of Elon University" has 8|8 (eight) sub-sections ... which seems to suggest that -- perhaps -- the correct "total" number of ['major'!] residential neighborhoods there, might be 8, ... instead of either 7 or 9.

What (if anything) should be changed? (or, better "explained"?)
Any suggestions? Mike Schwartz (talk) 06:30, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elon University


text:
Talk:Sings the Songs that Made Him Famous

alternative cover picture?
Wasn't there an alternative picture with this album, or am I dreaming?


text:
WWF Superstars of Wrestling

WWF Superstars of Wrestling (later shortened to WWF Superstars and to Sunday Morning Superstars), also referred to as Maple Leaf Wrestling in Canada, was an American professional wrestling television program that was produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It debuted on September 6, 1986, as the flagship program of the WWF's syndicated programming.

In January 2019, select episodes of WWF Superstars starting from April 1992 became available for streaming on the WWE Network. As of September 25, 2023, there are 339 episodes of Superstars available for streaming on WWE Network, dating from April 18, 1992 to February 16, 1997 (omitting the September 14, 1996 "Best of Superstars" episode which was the last in syndication before the program was moved to the USA Network).

Early format
In September 1986, Superstars replaced WWF Championship Wrestling. Before that, WWF Superstars of Wrestling was the name of a weekly recap show hosted by Vince McMahon (or Gene Okerlund) and Lord Alfred Hayes that lasted from 1984 through August 1986. The new version of Superstars was the program on which all the angles began and at times ended and on which the majority of title changes took place if not at a pay-per-view event (e.g. WrestleMania or SummerSlam). Matches primarily saw top-tier and mid-level talent vs. Jobbers; pre-taped interviews with the WWF's roster of superstars; and promos featuring the wrestlers. At times, there was a "feature" match between main WWF talent. As with all syndicated WWF programming, another major aspect of the show was to promote house shows and TV tapings in each market.

During its syndication run, the program was re-branded and aired in some parts of Canada as Maple Leaf Wrestling (essentially replacing a program of the same name filmed in southern Ontario), despite having almost no Canadian content other than interviews promoting matches that were to be held in Canada, along with occasional program-exclusive matches taped at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario. However, this repackaging was, at the time, sufficient to allow the program to count towards Canadian content requirements for local television stations. Some Canadian viewers were able to watch American feeds of the show and/or "WWF Challenge."

The show also began airing in 1986 in the United Kingdom on Saturday nights on Sky Channel. For a short time, it was shown on Tuesdays on Eurosport. Early in the 1990s, it was featured in a Friday night time slot. In the mid-1990s, Superstars was then moved to a Sunday morning time slot. For most of it original run in the United Kingdom Gorilla Monsoon was the play-by-play commentator with various color commentators throughout its history.

Beginning with the April 18, 1992 episode, the program was renamed to WWF Superstars, due to a successful lawsuit by another promoter, Albert Patterson, who had claimed prior rights to the phrase "Superstars of Wrestling". Since then, archival footage of the program has usually been shown with the words "of Wrestling" blurred out where applicable. When the WWF introduced Monday Night Raw on USA in January 1993, the live program usurped the show's once preeminent position in the company as the primary source of storyline development and pay-per-view buildup, and Superstars became secondary in importance.

Change in format
In September 1996, Superstars left syndication and moved to pay TV channel USA Network in place of WWF Action Zone, which the network cancelled. Although for a brief period the show continued in its same format, as time went on more and more recaps of the WWF's other programming began to fill the hour. By March 1997, Superstars was solely a summary program and continued in that manner until its eventual ending.

In 1997, the format of Superstars as aired in the United Kingdom also changed and began to only feature weekly summaries of Monday Night Raw. Following the premiere of SmackDown!, Superstars served as a summary show for SmackDown! as well.

When the WWF moved its cable TV contract to TNN (later known as Spike, now known as the Paramount Network) on October 1, 2000, Superstars moved with it. The show was then discontinued in August 19, 2001. The show continued until December 2002 in the UK, until it was replaced by Heat in January 2003.

Title changes
Many of these title changes were not aired for up to several weeks after they took place. As these shows were aired in an era before the Internet was popularized, the previous title holder sometimes defended his title at house shows as though he were still the champion until the title change was aired on television.

 * The Hart Foundation (Bret "Hitman" Hart and Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart) defeating the British Bulldogs (Dynamite Kid and Davey Boy Smith) for the WWF World Tag Team Championship on February 7, 1987 (taped January 26, 1987).
 * The Honky Tonk Man defeating Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship on June 13, 1987 (taped June 2, 1987).
 * Strike Force (Rick Martel and Tito Santana) defeating the Hart Foundation for the WWF World Tag Team Championship on November 7, 1987 (taped October 27, 1987).
 * Demolition (Ax and Smash) defeating the Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard) for the WWF World Tag Team Championship on November 4, 1989 (taped October 2, 1989).
 * The Colossal Connection (André the Giant and Haku) defeating Demolition for the WWF World Tag Team Championship on December 30, 1989 (taped December 13, 1989).
 * Mr. Perfect defeating Tito Santana for the vacant WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship on May 19, 1990 (taped April 23, 1990).
 * Mr. Perfect defeating Kerry Von Erich for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship on December 15, 1990 (taped November 19, 1990).
 * Diesel defeating Razor Ramon for the WWF Intercontinental Championship on April 30, 1994 (taped April 13, 1994).

Commentators
The commentary team on Superstars underwent many changes as the years passed. The hosts of Superstars are listed below in chronological order along with their debut episode.

 * Vince McMahon, Jesse "The Body" Ventura, and Bruno Sammartino (September 6, 1986)
 * McMahon and Ventura (March 19, 1988)
 * McMahon and Rowdy Roddy Piper (August 25, 1990)
 * McMahon, Piper, and "The Mouth of the South" Jimmy Hart (for one week only)
 * McMahon, Piper, and The Honky Tonk Man (December 8, 1990) (only lasts through January 19, 1991)
 * McMahon, Piper, and "Macho Man" Randy Savage (March 30, 1991)
 * McMahon, Piper, and Mr. Perfect (November 30, 1991)
 * McMahon and Mr. Perfect (December 14, 1991)
 * McMahon and Bobby "The Brain" Heenan (briefly, after Mr. Perfect's face turn in 1992)
 * McMahon, Heenan and Jerry "The King" Lawler (December 12, 1992)
 * McMahon, Savage, and Lawler (January 2, 1993)
 * McMahon and Lawler (October 23, 1993)
 * McMahon and Reo Rodgers (for one week only)
 * McMahon and Stan Lane (November 27, 1993)
 * McMahon and Johnny Polo
 * McMahon and Dok Hendrix (April 15, 1995)
 * McMahon, Jim Ross, and Lawler
 * McMahon, Ross, and Hennig (December 2, 1995)
 * Ross and Hennig
 * Ross and Jim Cornette (November 10, 1996)

Interviewers

 * "Mean" Gene Okerlund (1986-1993)
 * Ken Resnick (1986-1987)
 * Craig DeGeorge (1987-1988)
 * Sean Mooney (1988-1993)
 * Stan Lane (1993-1995)
 * Todd Pettengill (1993-1997)

Trademark infringement
WWE abandoned the Superstars of Wrestling trademark when they changed the show's name to WWF Superstars in the early 1990s. Albert Patterson, a Wisconsin independent wrestling promoter, successfully trademarked the phrase in 1993. Although there has been litigation between the WWE and Patterson, WWE has not been able to settle with Patterson for the usage of "Superstars of Wrestling". Due to this issue, WWE blurs the Superstars of Wrestling banners when archival content is shown on the WWE Network.

title: WWF Superstars of Wrestling


text:
Ukrainian Baroque

Ukrainian Baroque (Українське бароко), also known as Cossack Baroque (Козацьке бароко) or Mazepa Baroque, is an architectural style that was widespread in the Ukrainian lands in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was the result of a combination of local architectural traditions and European Baroque.

History
Thanks to influences from Western Europe, from the late 16th century the lands of modern Ukraine came under the influence of the secularized Baroque form of art and architecture, which was still unknown in the neighbouring Tsardom of Russia. According to the historian Serhii Plokhy, Petro Mohyla, the Metropolitan of Kyiv from 1633 to 1647, was crucial in developing the style as part of his drive to reform the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and adapt the Church to the challenges of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Ukrainian Baroque reached its apogee in the time of the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa, from 1687 to 1708. Mazepa Baroque is an original synthesis of Western European Baroque architectural forms and Ukrainian national Baroque architectural traditions.

Style
Ukrainian Baroque is distinct from the Western European Baroque in having more moderate ornamentation and simpler forms, and as such was considered more constructivist. Many Ukrainian Baroque buildings have been preserved, including several buildings in Kyiv Pechersk Lavra and the Vydubychi Monastery in Kyiv. The historian Andrew Wilson has identified All Saints' Church, the Cathedral of the Assumption and the Trinity Gate within the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra as good examples of the style, along with St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv and St. Catherine's in Chernihiv. The exterior of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv also underwent significant alterations in the Baroque style. Another example of the style is the Church of St. Elias in Subotiv, where Bohdan Khmelnytsky buried his son Tymish in 1653 after his death in battle. The church is also depicted on the ₴5 note.

The best examples of Baroque painting in Ukraine are the church paintings in the Holy Trinity Church of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Rapid development in engraving techniques occurred during the Ukrainian Baroque period. Advances utilized a complex system of symbolism, allegories, heraldic signs, and sumptuous ornamentation. From the 17th century onwards, there was also a flowering of baroque literature in Ukraine, which in turn helped lay the foundations for Russian secular literature.

Notable architects
The Ukrainian Baroque sculptor Johann Georg Pinsel, who was active during the mid-18th century in Galicia, was the subject of a special exhibition at the Louvre in Paris in 2012–2013. Pinsel, who demonstrated a unique, masterful expressiveness of form and a highly personal characterization of drapery is now recognized as a leading figure in European Baroque sculpture. The Russian Baroque architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who is best known for designing the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg and Catherine Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, also made contributions to the Ukrainian Baroque style, designing St. Andrew's Church and Mariinskyi Palace in Kyiv. The palace is now used as the official residence of the President of Ukraine. The Galician-Italian architect Bernard Merettini designed the ornate St. George's Cathedral, Lviv, used as a mother church by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

Influence
Certain features of the Ukrainian Baroque influenced the Naryshkin Baroque movement in the 17th–18th century in Moscow. Modern Ukrainian church buildings, such as Troieshchyna Cathedral, are also built in this style, but it is not typical for Ukrainian Baroque. Elements of the Ukrainian Baroque style were later adapted by the Ukrainian-Canadian community when building their own churches, adapted for the wooden church architecture more typical in Canadian-Ukrainian churches.

title: Ukrainian Baroque


text:
Lacq

Lacq (Lac) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2024, the former commune of Urdès was merged into Lacq.

It lies just northwest of the prefecture (department capital) Pau.

Economy
In modern times the local economy has been based on the industrial use of subsurface petroleum reserves, and since 1951 on the extraction and development of a very large natural gas reservoir underneath the city. Processing of the large quantities of hydrogen sulfide in the gas have made Lacq a center of sulfur production.

title: Lacq


text:
Abdullah bin Hussein

Abdullah of Jordan may refer to:

 * Abdullah I of Jordan (1882–1951)
 * Abdullah II of Jordan (born 1962), the current king of Jordan

title: Abdullah bin Hussein


text:
Talk:WWF Superstars of Wrestling

notable storylines
i dont remember if they were originally aired on superstars but i know they were on there at some point, and they should be included if they are derived from superstars...

jake the snakes cobra biting macho man

the mounthie doing the computer animated super shockstick on bret hart

and

marty janetty getting thrown through the barber shop window by shawn michaels —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.193.22.58 (talk) 23:12, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:WWF Superstars of Wrestling


text:
Talk:Serbo-Bulgarian War

Nis
The city of Nis was NOT taken by the Bulgarian army during this war. 213.137.119.58 19:37 21 July 2005

Corrections based on Savo Skoko and Petar Opačić "Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović"
The article is getting better, but it stated incorrectly thet the Serbian artillery was superior. Corrected that mistake and added some things about the Serbian army and the immediate cause of the war. Source: Savo Skoko and Petar Opačić "Vojvoda Stepa Stepanović", Belgrade 1983.

Veljko Stevanovich 17. 2. 2006. 23:20 UTC+1 213.137.120.206

923-931
Do you know what has happened with serbian people during (923-931)??? 84.43.156.237 12:13, 27 April 2007

They lived and survived, I guess. Comment irrelevant to this talk page. Lantonov 05:23, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Suggestions for further improvement of a nice article
This is a nicely written article. It was a pleasure to read it. It could be improved a lot by the following: With respect of the comment about muzzle-loading artillery - that it was muzzle-loading did not necessarily make it obsolete. With naval guns, people were still introducing into service new model muzzle-loading rifled artillery that were in every way equal to or better than the best breech-loaders in 1880 (Italy) and 1882 (England).--Toddy1 07:45, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Footnotes quoting sources (including page numbers) for major statements and for each paragraph.
 * Tables of organisation for Servian and Bulgarian formations. These should include the number and type of artillery.

 * Serbian guns were Lahite (I hope I guessed the spelling) muzzle loading smoothbores. The statement that they were greatly inferior to Bulgarian Krupp-designed rifeled, breech loaders

is not a conclusion but a fact. Discrepancy in range and rate of fire was great. The only advantage of the Serbian artillery were numbers (It was 72:40 in artillery pieces at the first day of Slivnitsa, though the ratio diminished as Bulgarian reinforcements arrived. Btw Serbia had no naval guns rest assured :)))

Savo Skoko's book (that claims to have used Bulgarian sources) listed the casualties in this war as around 7.000 for Serbia and 5.000 for Bulgaria. For the Battle of Slivnitsa it says aprox. 3.000 for Serbs and 2.500 for Bulgarians (KIA, WIA, MIA + POW, breakdowns not given). Any conflicting data from the Bulgarian sources?

Veljko Stevanovich 28. 5. 2007. 23:50 UTC+1

Bulgarian sources give casualties (no breakdowns given) for the battle of Slivnitsa as 2.100 for Serbs and 1.800 for Bulgarians.--Lantonov 16:04, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Battles for Pirot
Material for translation: След победата при Сливница, към частите там се присъединяват - след смайващ марш-маньовър – бързащите на помощ български войски от турската граница. Обединени, българските сили преминават решително в настъпление. На 10 ноември 1885 г. те изтласкват обърканите и дезорганизирани сърби от Драгоманския проход, на 11 ноември освобождават Цариброд и на 12 ноември навлизат в територията на агресора.

Разбитата и посрамена при Сливница Нишавска армия, в състав около 32 000 човека и 84 оръдия, успява да се окопити едва пред град Пирот. Спешният подвоз на резерви и попълнения увеличава нейната численост до 65 000 бойци. Към 14 ноември тя заема позиция за отбрана, като участъка на Шумадийската дивизия обхваща хребета Пърчовец със северния Черни връх, вдясно от нея по фронта е Дунавската дивизия, заела хребета Провалия и височината Сарлък, Конната бригада е непосредствено пред Пирот, а южно от града по височините Бошурат, Зебел и Келташ със южния Черни връх е разположена Дринската дивизия. Моравската дивизия е в резерв западно от Пирот. Преследващите ги български войски, наброяващи 42 000 човека с 80 оръдия, настъпват в няколко колони, които, в по-голямата си част, към 15 часа на 14 ноември излизат пред сръбските отбранителни линии.

Лявата колона на майор Петко Стоянов и капитан Христо Попов стремително атакува Дринската дивизия, която се огъва, изоставя позициите си и до вечерта българите ги овладяват. Този успех подпомага настъплението на движещите се в центъра колони на подполковник Сава Муткуров и капитан Никифор Никифоров. Те попадат под обстрела на почти цялта артилерия на Нишавската армия, но въпреки това предните им части нахълтват в града. В падналия мрак паникьосаният неприятел вдига във въздуха разположения в старата крепост барутен погреб. Обаче силното размесване на частите и продължаващия пушечен огън принуждават българското командване да изтегли проникналите в града подразделения и войските пренощуват в покрайнините.

На следващия ден настъплението продължава. Колоната на майор Гуджев напредва срещу цялата Шумадийска дивизия и я отхвърля от позицията и на хребета Провалия. Безпорядъчното и отстъпление увлича и части от Дринската дивизия, а българите незабавно организират преследване. Стоящите пък пред Пирот български войски повторно влизат в града и окончателно го прочистват от остатъците на сръбските части, които през нощта не са успели да избягат от него. Опитът на Дринската дивизия да мине в някакво контранастъпление води до незабавния и разгром. Точният огън на българската артилерия спира атакуващите, докато в същото време колоните на подполковник Димитър Филов и капитан Кисов разбиват фланга на дивизията и превземат хребета Келташ. Пътят към Ниш е открит и разбитите сръбски войски не са в състояние да предотвратят завземането му. Но до там не се стига. По спешно нареждане от Виена на 16 ноември в българската главна квартира пристига австро-унгарския дипломатически представител в Белград граф Рудолф Кевенхюлер-Меч. Той връчва на главнокомандващия княз Александър Батенберг ултиматум за спиране на военните действия. В противен случай, настъпващите български войски ще срещнат австро-унгарски части.

The defence of the Vidin fortress Докато при Пирот и подстъпите на Ниш българските войски победоносно настъпват в неприятелската територия, в Северозападна България положението е доста по-различно. Между българския Северен отряд и сръбската Тимошка армия се водят активни бойни действия на наша територия, като основна цел на противника е Видинската крепост.

По силата на Берлинския договор всички укрепления по брега на Дунава следва да бъдат разрушени. Затова до самото начало на Сръбско-българската война крепостта е изоставена. Въпреки това тя продължава да е първокласно военно-инженерно съоръжение, способно на успешна съпротива. Разполага с две отбранителни линии – вътрешна, представляваща каменна стена, и външна от землен насип и 11 редута с различна форма и дебелина. Част от тях, отдясно наляво номерирани от 1 до 8, са бастиони, а други са по-големи съоръжения, каквито са например деснофланговия форт „Баба Вида” и левофланговия, наречен „Белоградчишки”. От началото на войната до предприемането на първата атака срещу крепостта са изградени и други отбранителни съоръжения –три нови люнета – Татарджишки, Новоселски и Керимбегски, траншеи пред външната крепостна стена и от двете страни на шосето Кула-Видин и полеви окопи. Пред траншеите са разположени фугаси, а за всеки люнет е определен разчет от пионери, които при нужда да хвърлят фугаси срещу противника.Усилена е артилерията с оръдия от различен калибър, повечето от остарели системи, за която са изготвени основни и запасни огневи позиции. В крепостта е прокарана телеграфна линия с три станции – на двата фланга и центъра. Подготвени са противопожарни средства и са взети мерки за осигуряване на хранителни запаси. Всички тия енергични действия добре охарактеризират личността на коменданта на Видинската крепост и командващ Северния отряд капитан Атанас Узунов. Той не е боен офицер, но е способен военен инженер с боен опит от Сръбско-турската (1876 г.) и Руско-турската война (1877-78 г.). Командваният от него Северен отряд има за задача да се противопостави на сръбското настъпление в района от река Дунав до връх Ком. За целта разполага с около 15 000 бойци и 37 оръдия, от които за отбрана на Видинската крепост са определени почти 5000 човека с 31 оръдия. На пръв поглед -немалък гарнизон, но всъщност редовните чинове в него са съвсем малко – преобладават доброволци и опълчение без какъвто и да е боен опит, а такъв липсва и на запасните чинове.

Сръбското главно командване смята да води настъплението в Северозападна България със силите на Тимошката армия, която в основата си се състои от Тимошката активна дивизия. Общият и числен състав е 14 878 бойци, от които непосредствено срещу Видин действуват 11 500 човека с 18 полеви и 12 обсадни оръдия.

Капитан Узунов добре съзнава, че противникът сериозно го превъзхожда в организация, подготовка и въоръжение. Но, енергичен и смел офицер, той съвсем не смята да се затваря в пасивна отбрана. Основните сили на Тимошката армия още сутринта на 3 ноември са се насочили към Кулата, но очакванията им лесно да се справят с прикриващите отряди изобщо не се оправдават. Вместо това, по заповед на капитан Узунов, войските от Бреговския участък, усилени с подкрепления, на 4 ноември изненадващо прекосяват река Тимок и се отправят към Зайчар, създавайки предмостие във вражеската територия. Едновременно с това малък отряд преминава Тимок и при с. Бракевци. Те нанасят удар на противника, причинявайки му загуби, и когато той все пак съумява да се организира за отпор, през нощта на 5 ноември се изтеглят на източния бряг. При Кулата пък сърбите срещат ожесточената съпротива на защитниците, а сутринта на 4 ноември нататък е насочен и Летящия отряд на капитан Георги Тодоров. Неприятелят успява да изтласка българите от Кулата, а Летящия отряд не постига никакъв успех. Яростното противодействие обаче обезкуражава противника до степен, че той решава да изчака останалите сили на Тимошката армия, преди да предприеме по-нататъшно настъпление. Това дава възможност на Бреговския, Кулския и Белоградчишкия отряд в добър ред да отстъпят към Видин и така броят на защитниците достига 6170 човека.

Отбраната на крепостта е разделена на два участъка. Десният участък, командван от поручик Рачо Хаджиев, включва форта „Баба Вида”, Керимбегския люнет и бастиони от 1 до 4. Левият, под командването на поручик Петър Стайков – Новоселския и Татарджишкия люнет, бастиони от 5 до 8 и Белоградчишкия форт. Резерва е под командването на поручик Янко Драганов. Капитан Узунов разполага само с трима артилерийски офицери – поручик Владимир Ковачев, поручик Христофор Каракановски и капитан Георги Зеленогорски, на които са поверени трите сектора за действие на артилерията.

В това време сърбите най-сетне достигат Видин и го обкръжават отвсякъде по суша, но не проявяват особено желание да се бият в гъстата мъгла, обхванала цялата околност. Едва на 12 ноември сръбските войски започват методично да се приближават, посрещнати от плътен артилерийски и пушечен огън, воден от отлично подготвените позиции. Подобно на всеки добър командир, за да постигне успех капитан Узунов залага на това, което най-добре умее – неговите отбранителни линии са изградени безупречно. Но той не възнамерява само да се брани. На 13 ноември отряд, начело с подпоручик Ангел Тодоров, предприема внезапен излаз и след като нанася чувствителни загуби на сборния сръбски полк, се прибира обратно. Прегрупирани, на другия ден сръбските войски подновяват настъплението, като главния удар се нанася в района на 5 и 6 бастион. Твърдата съпротива на защитниците не позволява на противника да постигне съществен успех. За да спечели време и за да се укрепи на достигнатите позиции, генерал Милойко Лешанин, командващ Тимошката армия, предлага примирие и едновременно капитулация на защитниците при почетни условия. Капитан Узунов с насмешливо презрение отхвърля предложението, уверявайки генерала, че съществува само един начин той да влезе във Видин – като пленник. И в 15 часа подновява огъня. Надмощието на противника обаче е толкова голямо, че той успява да се закрепи в близките подстъпи на крепостта. Активизираните действия през същия ден на Летящия отряд, стремящ се да разкъса обръча с удар откъм с. Арчар не донасят успех. обаче в следващите дни, действията на отряда попречват на придвижващите се откъм Видбол сръбски войски да достигнат Видин.

В ранните зори на 15 ноември защитниците предприемат нов излаз срещу приближилият се през предния ден неприятел. Атаката е нанесена само с удар на нож и се развива успешно, въпреки убийствения огън на противника в гъстата мъгла. Боят продължава с голямо ожесточение час и половина, но гибелта на командващия подпоручик Тодоров попречва на пълния успех. Респектираният противник обаче не се решава да опита никакво нападение до края на деня.

Последният опит на сърбите да завземат крепостта е предприет след получаването на известието за прекратяване на военните действия, вследствие на австро-унгарския ултиматум. В 21.30 часа на 16 ноември тяхната артилерия започва масиран обстрел срещу 6 бастион, последван от настъпление на пехотата. Ответният огън подавя атаката и нападението постепенно замира, като около 23 часа окончателно е прекратено. На другия ден, 17 ноември, боевете около Видин са преустановени. На 25 ноември сръбските части започват изтеглянето си от българска територия, преследвани от войските на Видинската крепост. --Lantonov 16:25, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

file:Manifest-serbo-bulgarian-war.jpg
One must ask, how on november 2nd 1885, prince Alexander of Bulgaria, declared war on Serbia?. The war was declared on November 13th, by king Milan of serbia, and took the Bulgarians by surprise.

So, will someone translate the content of this document?

ASSAYAS, 12/01/2010
 * Easy one. 2 November 1885 is Old Style, the New Style date is 14 November (+12 days). The manifesto of Alexander Battenberg was published in Plovdiv, indicating that the Bulgarian Prince was still in the capital of former Eastern Rumelia at the time of the declaration, which is clear evidence as to the surprise. Todor→Bozhinov 20:22, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * thanks, ASSAYAS --Assayas (talk) 21:27, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * You're welcome, and thank you for the interest :) Todor→Bozhinov 21:16, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Ottoman intervention
It should be noted that, Serbia, while attacking the Principality of Bulgaria, after the principality declares unification/occupation of the Ottoman Autonomus province of Rumelia the fact still remains that nominally both entities are part of the Ottoman Empire. There is also information that in fact the Ottomans sent a military detachment in support of Bulgarian army against the Serbs. The article says that the Ottomans did not intervene, however as Bulgaria was part of the Empire they had the obligation to respond. Hittit (talk) 15:12, 28 November 2012 (UTC)
 * So you say the Ottoman Empire was defending the Bulgarian unification and the loss of its autonomous province? Brilliant work by the Ottoman strategists! If that is the case, then why were Bulgarian troops stationed at the Ottoman border before the conflict, expecting a military retribution for the unification from this side, not from Serbia? Something doesn't add up. I think you have read quite a confused and biased (though in whose favour?!) source.  — Toдor Boжinov — 12:46, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

I am quoting Bozhidar Dimitrov from one of his TV programmes on BNT "Pamet Bulgarska", legally the unification still kept the Principality and Rumelia as part of the Ottoman Empire and this did not change until 1908. On paper the Ottomans had to show reaction to Serbia thus the sending of detachment of Ottoman troops (it is said these did not participate in military action it self). Hittit (talk) 14:18, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
 * However, such a detachment entering Bulgaria would indeed have represented an act of war. I really doubt that such an event has occurred. -- L a v e o l  T 00:26, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

It is my understanding that in fact Stefan Stambolov has requested Turkish support (this has more political emphasis than military), which has been provided with 3 Turkish companies, which advance until the town of Septemvri, however do not enter in combat. Hittit (talk) 14:39, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

Name
The name "Serbo-Bulgarian War" is outdated and newer sources tend to call it "Serbian-Bulgarian War". Gbooks in favour of "Serbian-Bulgarian War", note that the hits for the other include many dups.--Z oupan 20:44, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

 * You'll have to provide evidence for a name that, to this native English speaker, sounds awkward. A Google Scholar search, more reliable than plain Google or Google Books, does not support the move. Srnec (talk) 02:55, 30 March 2017 (UTC)

Style
When reading this article, you can feel a little bit of bulgarian propaganda. What with neutral POV? Just a thought.

title: Talk:Serbo-Bulgarian War


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Talk:Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2

Fair use rationale for Image:EaglesVol2.jpg
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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 02:54, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eagles Greatest Hits Volume 2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Suitwanker

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 21:56, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Suitwanker
''I didn't nominate this article, it was nominated by some anon. However, he didn't create the vfd2 or vfd3 entries, so I'm doing that now. Also, I reformatted some of the votes already placed.'' --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 18:49, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Against.  It should be noted as a colloquial/slang term and cleaned up.  But I don't see why delete it. --69.158.34.74 19:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For. While I think it nicely describes the parasitical technological ignorati it seems redundant given 'suit' (or more simply 'wanker') and is redundant. (Comment by )
 * Keep. For. This is a cool term I heard about while reading Slashdot. It deserves a place in an encyclopedia. 63.201.91.87 07:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup Cleanup. It is not synonymous with another word. "Suit" means any executive.  While "wanker" is literally "one who masturbates", its common usage describes an idle, lazy, or parasitic person.  "Parasuit" might be a cleaner term. Lheal 17:01, 22 July 2005 (UTC). (User's first edit to Wikipedia)
 * Delete. Zero hits for it as one word, and only 2 for "Suit wanker". Niteowlneils 19:33, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete even if common usage is establish, this is no more than a dicdef. DES 19:58, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Against. (or maybe For? Am I doing this right, newbies?) Neologism, evidentally. -R. fiend
 * Speedy delete as attack page. --Idont Havaname 23:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Gordon Gano

Gordon James Gano (born June 7, 1963) is an American musician who is the singer, guitarist and songwriter of American folk punk band Violent Femmes.

Early life
Gano was born in New York City to actor parents Norman and Faye Gano, and grew up in Connecticut. The Ganos moved to Wisconsin in 1973, when Gordon's dad opened an American Baptist church in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee. Rev. Gano, an accomplished actor, also formed a community theater group in Oak Creek, and Gordon appeared in many of its productions, notably "Sing Out, Sweet Land" in 1976. His father played guitar, and exposed his son to a wide array of musical genres, including country and western, show tunes, and gospel. The liner notes to the Violent Femmes's compilation album Permanent Record describe Gano as "a devout Baptist".

In 1979 the Ganos moved to nearby Hales Corners, where his father took over an existing American Baptist congregation. At this time Gordon began attending Milwaukee public school—Rufus King High School, from which he graduated in 1981. After graduating from high school, he worked briefly as an encyclopedia salesman.

Older siblings from his parents' previous marriages living in the NYC area exposed young Gordon to such influences as The Velvet Underground, Lou Reed, Brian Eno, Patti Smith, Jonathan Richman, and The B-52's. His garage band days began with covers of Bob Dylan and The Beatles and moved through the Grateful Dead songs to Lou Reed and Velvet Underground songs by 1979. He began writing his own songs in the mid '70s, influenced by the vocal stylings of Lou Reed, the story-telling of Hank Williams, Sr. and the poetics of Patti Smith. Given his acting background, Gano wrote many of his songs for characters, whom he would portray while performing the associated song.

Violent Femmes
Gano joined Violent Femmes in Milwaukee in 1981 with bassist Brian Ritchie and drummer Victor DeLorenzo. They soon developed an enthusiastic following thanks to songs such as "Blister in the Sun," "Kiss Off" and "Add It Up" (all included on their self-titled debut album). The band has experimented with a variety of sounds over the course of its career, such as country and western (Hallowed Ground) and gospel (The Blind Leading the Naked). Gano plays guitar, sings and writes most of the band's songs.

Other projects
During a Violent Femmes hiatus in the late 1980s, Gano formed a gospel-punk group called The Mercy Seat with vocalist Zena Von Heppinstall, bassist Patrice Moran, and drummer Fernando Menendez. They toured internationally for two years and released a self-titled album in 1987 on Warner Music Group's Slash Records. The album was re-released digitally in 2009 on Wounded Bird Records.

Gano released his first solo album in 2002, titled Hitting the Ground. He shared vocal duties with Manuel Cruz, lead singer of the Portuguese rock band Ornatos Violeta in the song "Capitão Romance," with Gano singing in Portuguese. Gano also played violin on Ben Vaughn's 1990 album Dressed in Black.

Gano contributed to the 2004 multi-artist collaboration The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered (alongside artists including Beck, Eels, TV on the Radio and Death Cab for Cutie), on which he provides a rendition of Daniel Johnston's "Impossible Love".

Gano wrote, recorded and performed with ex-members of The Bogmen, Billy and Brendan Ryan, under the name Gordon Gano & The Ryans. Their only album, Under the Sun, was released in September 2009 on Yep Roc Records.

Acting

 * Gano played Mr. Zank, the first of many substitute mathematics teachers, in an episode of The Adventures of Pete & Pete, entitled "X=Why?"
 * Gano appears as a fictional version of himself, under a love spell, in the 1997 Sabrina, the Teenage Witch episode "Hilda and Zelda: the Teenage Years".
 * Gano voiced a newborn baby singer in the 1998 animated film The Rugrats Movie.

title: Gordon Gano


text:
Meemu Atoll

Mulaku Atoll or Meemu Atoll(މުލަކަތޮޅު) is an administrative division of the Maldives. It corresponds to the natural atoll of the same name, also known as Mulak Atoll or 'Mulakatolhu'.

There is a mosque of historical value in Kolhufushi Island, but no Buddhist remains have been found on this atoll. Also of historic importance is the 1573 wreck of Kalhuohfummi off the south eastern reef of Kolhuvaariyaafushi island.

NOTE: ''Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. (including Meemu) are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order meemu followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll).''

title: Meemu Atoll