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Paid content

Paid content is content on the Internet – such as text, graphics, video and downloads – which is paid for. Paid content is usually copyrighted.

Some internet content has always historically been paid for — until recently there has been little discussion about paying for scientific, technical and medical (STM) content as well as certain trade information.

News media
Printed newspaper circulation has fallen steadily since the advent of the internet – in 2008 in the USA alone newspapers lost $64.5 billion in market value. As newspapers' online readership has increased, the newspaper industry has been forced to re-evaluate their business models in the light of falling advertising revenues. While online editions of newspapers have been extremely popular, advertising rates online are lower than for print media, and revenues from them have not been sufficient to offset the loss of revenue from print.

In 2009, Rupert Murdoch proposed a method of micropayments for online newspaper content. From June 2010, certain News International titles were only available as paid content.

Music
The music industry has had some success in creating new markets of legal downloading where lower costs and accessibility have led to success, and some suggest there are parallels between the major victims of digitalisation – the music industry and the media.

The MP3 file can often be duplicated, passed on and exchanged – without capacity boundaries or losses suffered by an individual. These features of MP3 files as an example of digital content are one of the main reasons for the huge revenue collapses in the music and media industry since the existence of the Internet. Online games, however, as an example of digital services, is only a right to participate when the purchased input is offered and traded. This right can be traded and passed on, but, contrary to MP3 files, the vendor forfeits the benefit of this right at the moment it is passed on.

Video games
Since the popularization of digital distribution platforms, it has become particularly common for games to feature paid content. Said content is often unlockable via online microtransactions. The act of payment may provide access to a previously restricted feature or content in the game, or permission to download additional content.

Content on mobile services
In comparison to content on the traditional internet, content for mobile services has never been free.

Payment models
There is some evidence of opportunity for revenue already – custom publishing is one area proven to be thriving in the online media world. Another is the common payment system implemented in Slovakia and Slovenia by Piano Media. In this model publishers agree to go behind a paywall simultaneously and then start to charge the customer for access to all newspapers and all articles. While not all content is paid, exclusive content is and the model enables publishers who are unable to erect a pay-wall by themselves to start earning revenue outside of advertising from the internet.

The increased accessibility and interactivity of online journalism has also created new opportunity in the guise of crowdsourcing, enabling people to get investigative journalists working on stories that they themselves have suggested and funded.

Some success in new models for paid content is being found in the use of paywalls, especially "soft" paywalls, which blend into freemium models. Newspapers, in particular, have been implementing paywalls in an attempt to increase revenue, which has been diminishing due to a decline in print subscriptions and advertising revenue. The approaches to paywall implementation range. For example, The New York Times experimented with a metered paywall, on which they spent a reported $40 million to code and took 14 months to implement. Other publications have turned to providers to implement a solution for them, such as Weekly World News, which announced in January 2013 that they would be utilizing a pay model.

Use of pay what you want has also proven successful, at least for special promotions.

Pay After Reading (PAR) is a new business model and the principle for paid Internet content. This principle was applied for the first time by Slydoo on their Travel guides generator and means that the end users has access to information available in the database, not public, not free of charge, however, payment for the information occurs only after downloading / reading this information. The main reason for this approach is to overcome the natural block that has any user who should pay for the information / content without the detail knowledge of this information upfront. The author (Radomir Adamek) of this principle assumed that this model will become usual for most applications working with paid content.

title: Paid content


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File:LovejoyAlbum.jpg

Lovejoy (Albert King)

Fair use in Lovejoy (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies of the image could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:LovejoyAlbum.jpg


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User:The Master Chief

Hi, this is the page of Master Chief. As you can see I'm trilingual so if you have any questions in english, french or spanish - don't hesitate to ask me.

I have contributed to Wikipedia since I am an activist for for the freedom of speech. I also think that knowledge should be free.

title: User:The Master Chief


text:
Posterior tibial vein

The posterior tibial veins are veins of the leg in humans. They drain the posterior compartment of the leg and the plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein.

Structure
The posterior tibial veins receive blood from the medial and lateral plantar veins. They drain the posterior compartment of the leg and the plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein, which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein.

The posterior tibial vein is accompanied by an homonym artery, the posterior tibial artery, along its course. It lies posterior to the medial malleolus in the ankle.

They receive the most important perforator veins: the Cockett perforators, superior, medial and inferior.

title: Posterior tibial vein


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres

The men's 1500 metres was a middle-distance running event on the athletics programme at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 15, 1900. The race was held on a track of 500 metres in circumference. Nine athletes from six nations competed. The event was won by Charles Bennett of Great Britain, the nation's first medal in the brief history of the event.

Background
This was the second appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. None of the runners from 1896 returned. John Bray of the United States was the unofficial world record holder, but the field was otherwise undistinguished. John Cregan, Alexander Grant, and George Orton were among the top runners at the distance and competed in the 1900 Games in other events, but did not run the 1500 metres (possibly due to the event being held on a Sunday.)

Austria, Bohemia, Denmark, and Great Britain made their first appearance in the event. France and the United States were the only two countries to have previously competed in 1896 and return in 1900.

Competition format
The competition consisted of a single round, with one three-lap race around the 500-metre stadium.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in minutes) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics.

Charles Bennett set a new Olympic record and a new unofficial world record at 4:06.2.

Results
Bennett, who had led the entire distance by a small margin over Deloge, broke off in the final lap, and ran last 500 metres in a time of 1:10.2 to set an unofficial world record, finishing five yards ahead of Deloge. John Bray edged out David Hall by two yards.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Smeggy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Tony Sidaway Talk 11:51, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Smeggy
Single character in a probably nonexistent ([0 Google hits]) video game. Vanity article? Spam? Who knows? Who cares? -- MrBland 23:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No google hits, never heard of it, vaguely biological title. (ewwww..) Fernando Rizo T/C 23:43, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Red Dwarf Smeg. Flowerparty talk 00:04, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. —PrologFan {Talk} 01:34, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Smeg (I'd expected a Red Dwarf reference)? That's pretty weak, though, so I'll go with poke it while saying "Small", if that's the flow of things. -Splash 01:36, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair point, I'll go with a redirect to smeg instead. The word, "smeggy", does appear on the Red Dwarf article somewhere, and it's probably the only place it'll ever turn up. However... Flowerparty talk 01:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 08:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Smeggy


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User:Icj tlc

Disclaimer
This is my user page and therefore can't possibly be NPOV because I, and others, cannot maintain a Neutral opinion of Icj_tlc. We either love me or hate me.

Who I is!
Icj_tlc=I am CJ (aka Craig Alan Smith Jr) from The Life Church.

I work on the Help Desk of a National Title Company and I am the Youth Pastor of my local church.

WikiHistory
I started reading wikipedia in late '03 and have become quite an avid reader. I am interested in hitting the same articles repeatedly over the course of time to see how they are changing.

My main areas of interest are Religion/Christianity and History and I have made a few significant contributions to articles in this area.

I honestly do not consider myself to be a serious editor of WikiPedia, I mostly use it for research and lesson prep. The majority of my edits are on talk pages or minor edits correcting spelling, grammar, vandalism.

WikiFreedom
I am a firm believer in Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion, even if that includes Freedom from Religion.

I believe that WikiPedia is a tool to by used and shared and if your sole intent here is to push your own POV or agenda, you must be stopped. Resistence is futile! The few people out there that think it is their personal soapbox should be dealt with before they become a bigger headache than they are worth.

As I said before, WikiPedia is a tool! Things that are said here should not be carried over into the "Real" World. If you have an issue with a WikiPedian, handle it in a mature manner here on WikiPedia. Do not contact that person outside of WikiPedia as doing so only shows what a jackass you truly are!

Contact me!
I can be reached via email at Icj_tlc@hotmail.com

title: User:Icj tlc


text:
Donyell Marshall

Donyell Lamar Marshall (born May 18, 1973) is an American basketball coach and former professional player. He is currently an assistant coach for the Greensboro Swarm of the NBA G League. During his National Basketball Association (NBA) career, he played with eight different teams.

Early career
Marshall was born on May 18, 1973, in Reading, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Reading High School.

He attended the University of Connecticut and was a player in the university's basketball program. Marshall was a unanimous pick as Big East Player of the Year in 1993–94.

Professional career
Marshall left college early to participate in the 1994 NBA draft. He was selected after his junior year at the University of Connecticut by the Minnesota Timberwolves, as the fourth overall pick. He was traded 40 games into his rookie season to the Golden State Warriors in exchange for power forward Tom Gugliotta on February 18, 1995.

Marshall played with the Warriors until 2000, when he was traded to the Utah Jazz as part of a four-team deal. He played alongside future Hall of Fame nominees Karl Malone and John Stockton as a role player with the Jazz.

Marshall signed as a free agent with the Chicago Bulls on August 16, 2002, where he played with Jalen Rose, Kendall Gill, Jay Williams, Eddy Curry and Tyson Chandler.

On December 1, 2003, Marshall was traded to the Toronto Raptors along with Rose and Lonny Baxter for Antonio Davis, Jerome Williams and Chris Jefferies. In a March 13, 2005, game against the Philadelphia 76ers, he tied Kobe Bryant's NBA record for three-point field goals made in one game, by making 12 of 19 attempts.

In June 2005, Marshall signed a four-year contract with the Cleveland Cavaliers, who were trying to build a veteran core around LeBron James. In May 2007, he helped the team to a victory over the New Jersey Nets in Game 6 of the Eastern Conference semifinals by making six three-pointers. The victory propelled the Cavaliers to the NBA Eastern Conference finals against the Detroit Pistons, and eventually the NBA finals against the San Antonio Spurs.

On February 21, 2008, Marshall was traded to the Seattle SuperSonics in an 11-player deal that involved three organizations. After the SuperSonics moved to Oklahoma City, the team waived him before the start of the new season.

On September 1, 2008, Marshall agreed to terms with the Philadelphia 76ers on a one-year contract. The move signaled Marshall's impending retirement, as he said his goal was to play for his hometown 76ers before he retired. Playing just 25 games, he provided Philadelphia with veteran leadership and three point shooting. He played a key role in Philadelphia's game 1 victory over the Orlando Magic in the first round of the playoffs; he scored 11 points and made a three-pointer to tie the game in the final minute.

Coaching career
On October 26, 2009, after retiring from the NBA, Marshall joined Comcast SportsNet as a 76ers' post-game live analyst. Marshall left broadcasting on July 1, 2010 to become an assistant men's basketball coach of the George Washington Colonials under fellow Univ. of Connecticut alumnus Karl Hobbs.

On November 3, 2011, Marshall was announced as an assistant coach of the D-League's Maine Red Claws.

In September 2013, Marshall became an assistant coach of the Rider University men's basketball team. Marshall was largely responsible for the effective play of senior transfer center Matt Lopez and a second place regular season finish in the MAAC in 2014–15.

Following a 21–12 season at Rider which earned a College Basketball Invitational appearance, Marshall was named as an assistant on Nate Oats's staff at the University at Buffalo on April 16, 2015.

Central Connecticut
On April 6, 2016, he was named head men's basketball coach at Central Connecticut State. Marshall won his first game as head coach of Central Connecticut on November 11, 2016 a 75-60 win over Hartford. After the 2021 season, Marshall and Central Connecticut mutually agreed to part ways ending Marshall's time at the school after five seasons.

Greensboro Swarm
On October 24, 2021, Marshall became an assistant coach for the Greensboro Swarm of the NBA G League.

Rankings and milestones
On February 5, 2007, Marshall's number was honored at Gampel Pavilion on the University of Connecticut campus in Storrs, during halftime of the men's basketball game against the Syracuse Orangemen, as part of the Huskies of Honor ceremony which recognized personal accomplishments of 13 former players and three coaches.

Until November 7, 2016, he held and shared the NBA record (with Kobe Bryant and Stephen Curry) for most three-point field goals made in a game after he made 12 three-point field goals of 19 attempts against the Philadelphia 76ers on March 13, 2005.

Personal
Marshall's great uncle is Hall of Fame American football player Lenny Moore.

title: Donyell Marshall


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Clarke Quay

Clarke Quay is a historical riverside quay in Singapore, located within the Singapore River Planning Area. The quay is situated upstream from the mouth of the Singapore River and Boat Quay.

Etymology
Clarke Quay was named after Sir Andrew Clarke, Singapore's second Governor and Governor of the Straits Settlements from 1873 to 1875, who played a key role in positioning Singapore as the main port for the Malay states of Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong.

Clarke Quay is also the name of a road along the quay, part of which has since been converted into a pedestrian mall. Clarke Street, located next to Clarke Quay, was officially named in 1896, and was originally two streets known simply as East Street and West Street in north Kampong Malacca. Similar to Clarke Quay, Clarke Street has since been converted into a pedestrian mall.

The Hoklos (Hokkien) refer to Clarke Street as gi hok kong si au (义福公司后), meaning "behind the new Gi Hok Kongsi" (house). The new Gi Hok Kongsi was near Carpenter Street. Another Chinese reference, which only refers to the Southern bank around Read Bridge area, was cha chun tau (柴船头), meaning "jetty for boats carrying firewood". Small tongkangs carrying firewood from Indonesia berthed at this jetty. The firewood trade was primarily a Teochew enterprise.

History
The Singapore River has been the centre of trade since modern Singapore was founded in 1819. During the colonial era, Boat Quay was the commercial centre where barge lighters would transport goods upstream to warehouses at Clarke Quay.

At the height of its prosperity, dozens of bumboats jostled for mooring space beside Clarke Quay. This continued well into the later half of the 20th century. By this time, the Singapore River had also become very polluted. The government decided to relocate cargo services to a new modern facility in Pasir Panjang. The bumboats and lorries departed to their new home and Clarke Quay fell silent.

The government then cleaned up the Singapore River and its environment from 1977 to 1987. Plans were made to revamp the area and turn it into a flourishing commercial, residential and entertainment precinct. These plans took into serious consideration the historical value of Clarke Quay, making it mandatory that new buildings complement the historical character of the area and that certain old buildings be restored.

Clarke Quay Festival Village, the biggest conservation project for the Singapore River, was developed and officially opened on 10 December 1993. Clarke Quay Festival Village was managed by Clarke Quay Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of DBS Land. In 2000, DBS Land merged with Pidemco Land to form CapitaLand and management of Clarke Quay went to CapitaLand.

In 1996, the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi, and their sister company Zenith, moved into Clarke Quay as the pioneers to develop a creative hub. Two years later, they were awarded Ad Age International Agency of the Year. They had taken over the karaoke Party Doll premises.

Ten years later, works were commenced to revamp the Clarke Quay area to give the place a better tenant mix. The development also saw major changes to the exterior and riverside areas.

In 2003, British architectural firm Alsop Architects was hired to revamp Clarke Quay. The firm was commissioned to redesign the shophouse facades, streetscapes and riverfront dining areas in two development phases. The newly redeveloped Clarke Quay consistently attracts over 2 million visitors a year and is a major social and tourist component of brand Singapore. Crucial to its success is the ingenious moderation of the micro-climate through the design of sophisticated shading and cooling systems which reduce the ambient temperature by 4 degrees Celsius while enhancing the riverfront and streets with tremendous visual interests. The project won in 2007 Cityscape Architectural Review Award (Tourism, Travel & Transport – Built) and the Cityscape Asia Awards, Best Waterfront Development in 2008. The Satay Club and a number of establishments vacated Clarke Quay to make way for new tenants.

A new SOHO concept development cum shopping centre called Clarke Quay Central, above the MRT station, was completed in 2007.

In July 2012, Hong Kong lifestyle retail store GOD opened a 6,000 square foot flagship store in the Quay. It closed on 26 April 2015.

On 17 December 2016, Zouk opened at Clark Quay after moving from its previous location at Jiak Kim Road. On 26 April 2024, Clarke Quay officially reopened as CQ @ Clarke Quay after a rejuvenation exercise that began in August 2022. The exercise included upgrading of the Angel Canopies over the inner streets for better thermal control and lower energy usage.

Today
At present, five blocks of restored warehouses house various restaurants and nightclubs. There are also moored Chinese junks (tongkangs) that have been refurbished into floating pubs and restaurants. The Cannery is one of the anchor tenants of the place. There are over 5 different concepts in one block. Another anchor tenant, The Arena, will be home to Singapore's First Permanent Illusion Show (starting August 2008) starring J C Sum and 'Magic Babe' Ning. The G-MAX reverse bungee, the first in Singapore, is located at the entrance which opened in November 2003.

Notable restaurants and nightclubs include Hooters and Indochine. River cruises and river taxis on the Singapore River can be accessed from Clarke Quay. One of its most popular attractions is its exciting host of CQ's signature events happening once every quarter.

After the rejuvenation exercise that began in August 2022, Clarke Quay, now known as CQ @ Clarke Quay, features three zones and a new mix of clients that rebrands the attraction as a “day-to-night” destination with pet-friendly amenities and new tenants like Fairprice Finest. Warehouses at Block B were also decorated with a new mural by artists Yip Yew Chong and tobyato.

Transport
Clarke Quay MRT station on the North East line is located within the vicinity.

title: Clarke Quay


text:
Talk:Pink Flag

the cover section should include big black's version of heartbeat
 * There's no song called Heartbeat in Pink Flag... Xic667 (talk) 15:51, 6 March 2009 (UTC)
 * wow. facepalm.Thakmere (talk) 20:29, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Recording date
The article currently states in the infobox that this album was recorded in autumn 1977, which is probably correct (though unreferenced). However, I remember around 1980 that there were persistent rumours that it had been recorded in 1976, predating the British punk explosion. The story was that the men in suits found it incomprehensible and delayed the release. This may be an urban myth, but a mention of it and a confirmation/refutation would improve the article. In any case, more info on the recording history would be welcome. --Ef80 (talk) 20:04, 2 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Pink Flag


text:
Hobnail (disambiguation)

A hobnail is a short nail with a thick head: used to increase the durability of boot soles.

Hobnail may also refer to:

 * A pattern of glassware: (sometimes called Fenton Hobnail) where the body of the piece has a regular array of bumps, as if finished with glass hobnails
 * A popular song from 1907, performed by Billy Williams
 * "Hobnailed liver" is medical jargon for cirrhosis of the liver
 * Cellular morphology pathognomonic for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary

title: Hobnail (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)

River Phoenix?
River Phoenix died 2 years after this song was released, so his death couldn't have inspired the song. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.26.165.180 (talk • contribs) 17:55, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

The line was written before he had died, but is about him. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elthearosa (talk • contribs) 05:42, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Music Video
Could someone upload a screenshot from the music video? I would if I knew how. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.104.33.215 (talk • contribs) 18:55, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Disambaug
Can anybody make a disambaug page for this. Due to the song by george strait "Give it Away" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.134.123.62 (talk • contribs) 02:06, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Thoroughly done. Oldag07 (talk) 23:15, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Next track
"Proponents of this theory are also quick to point out that the next track on the album is "Blood Sugar Sex Magik"."

It's not a concept album... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.104.47.105 (talk • contribs) 16:57, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

NPOV
This article is praising the band too much. Someone need to neutralize it.--Nog64 03:02, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

I don't think it is. Give me some examples and add it back, but I'm removing it for now.Xihix 02:16, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Give It Away Single Cover.jpg
Image:Give It Away Single Cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:06, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ —♦♦ SʘʘTHING  (Я)  12:36, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Black Sabbath - Sweet Leaf
Has anyone else noticed that the riff Frusciante plays at the end of the song is *really* similar to the main riff of Black Sabbath's "Sweet Leaf". Apparently this song was written in a spontaneous jam, I think it's very possible that at the end they were intentionally jamming on top of that riff. At the very least I think we should include a mention of "Sweet Leaf" somewhere in the article.

During recent performances (such as their special concert for Top of the Pops), the band has begun to include a heavy, energetic intro inspired by the 1987 Public Enemy single "You're Gonna Get Yours" (the first track from their debut album Yo! Bum Rush the Show), before segueing into "Give It Away" itself. They used this intro even back in 2001-2002 (on Off the map DVD, for example). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.222.142.20 (talk) 11:21, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

DOes anyone think mentioning somthing about a Jew's harp being used in the song might help this article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.94.5.204 (talk) 14:01, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move. JPG-GR (talk) 01:11, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Give It Away → Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) — The George Strait song with the same title according to ITunes is almost as popular as this song. I feel the page "Give It Away" should first direct to the new disambig page. — Oldag07 (talk) 04:50, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

Discussion

 * No one seems interested, so i guess my opinion stands. . . Oldag07 (talk) 23:08, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I'll give it a couple of more days. . . Oldag07 (talk) 23:15, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Links
I cleaned up links. Most everything that used to link to Give it Away, now links to this page. Thank God for AutoWikibrowser Oldag07 (talk) 23:07, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

Genre
Give It Away is funk rock not alternative rock —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.81.201.149 (talk) 17:26, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
 * No, it's very much an alternative rock song. WesleyDodds (talk) 23:08, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It is funk rock, Kiedis raps a lot in the song + the guitar riff and the bass line are very funky, so it should be funk rock. 84.248.39.41 (talk) 15:14, 25 February 2011 (UTC)

I think that mentioning funk rock as a genre is significant given the context, having directly preceded and led into the Chili Peppers’ huge success with “Under the Bridge,” which was (at the time) uncharacteristically not funk-based. Considering the link between the two songs, it seems misleading to label them as the same genre. Onomatopoeiaieopotamono (talk) 22:56, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I've seen numerous sources stating that this a funk rock song too. This song is very funky too, so I can't see why it can't be listed under the genres. I would go as far as saying that rap rock should be listed as a genre too, since the vocals here almost exclusively consist of rapping. I'll go look for those sources again now. Kokoro20 (talk) 12:14, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Alternative rock is pretty sufficient for describing this song--bear in mind working in funk was a trend in alt-rock right before grunge hit the mainstream. WesleyDodds (talk) 09:37, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I guess the only thing that bugs me (slightly) is that it fits into the funk half of the Chili Peppers’ catalogue, and since the other half is usually described as alternative rock, it seems slightly misleading to someone who might be familiar with the band’s styles but not with the song.  But I suppose in a more broad perspective it's accurate enough, and excess genres can get pretty stupid easily.Onomatopoeiaieopotamono (talk) 23:48, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
 * It doesn't change the fact that it's a funk rock song though. I mean, Under the Bridge is an alternative rock song, but not this. Kokoro20 (talk) 10:06, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 2

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. Jenks24 (talk) 14:59, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

– The RM four years ago was exceptionally weak. It may have been the right decision at the time, but I suspect the George Strait song was still riding high then. Last month, the RHCP song received 7,369 views versus 2,221 for the other topics on the disambiguation page. Given that recentism would be working against the RHCP song if it's a factor, I'd say we have a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC here. BDD (talk) 17:18, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song) → Give It Away
 * Give It Away → Give It Away (disambiguation)
 * Oppose - I disagree with the nom's primarytopic claim. -- No  unique  names  17:29, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok, so based on the two main primary topic criteria, you either think last month was anomalous and this song doesn't usually get more views than other topics combined, or that this song doesn't have more enduring notability than the others. Is that correct? --BDD (talk) 17:38, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. The nom has made a strong case for a WP:PRIMARYTOPIC here based on page views alone. I don't see what the oppose !voter above disagrees with. Dohn joe (talk) 19:04, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment only. I am not convinced that primarytopic works for song articles. If anybody was specifically looking for a song by a certain artist then the name of the artist in the title space is a bonus and not a hindrance. Whilst I am not accusing anybody here of it, some of these requested moves appear to be more about aggrandizement of the artist than any Wikipedia requirement. --Richhoncho (talk) 12:19, 11 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Unreal7 (talk) 14:54, 11 October 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Two people hardly constitute a consensus. I feel the audiences who listen to country and those who listen to the Red Hot Chili peppers are so different that a disambig would make more sense. Oldag07 (talk) 06:11, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 3
– Two days and (I got that wrong sorry) two votes is hardly enough time to state that a consensus was made (especially if the discussion took place on this page). I can understand if the move decision was unanimous, but it wasn't. While there are clearly move page hits for the RHCP version of the song, iTunes popularity charts show them pretty neck and neck. I can assume the overlap between the subcultures listening to these is small. A disambig page the term "Give It Away" makes more sense. Oldag07 (talk) 06:26, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Give It Away → Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)
 * Give It Away (disambiguation) → Give It Away
 * Comment - I have posted a question for a move discussion on relevant wikiprojects. Oldag07 (talk) 06:31, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. In my mind at least, there is no fine reason for this page to be titled "Give It Away" while there are other pages that are about subjects with the title of "Give It Away". This page needs specification within the title that the subject is related to the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Besides, the first thing I thought of when I saw the thread at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Albums was Give It Away (Gaither Vocal Band album) instead of anything relating to the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Backtable Speak to meconcerning my deeds. 06:46, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. Even without the borderline numbers here, I find it very difficult to ever see removing (artist name) from a song disambiguator helps anyone. In ictu oculi (talk) 07:05, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support because there are at least 2 other Wikipedia articles about songs titled "Give It Away". Disambiguation is therefore needed. Pageviews are irrelevant. --IllaZilla (talk) 07:24, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. There's no way this can be considered the primary topic for the general readership. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 08:35, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. The proposal is most helpful for readers. Till  10:14, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Clear WP:PRIMARYTOPIC Unreal7 (talk) 10:23, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * No, WP:PRIMARYTOPIC does not apply here. Disambiguation between artists is necessary when two or more articles with the same title exist. Till  11:36, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I respect the RHCP, but when it comes to influence of the artist relative to their genre, George Strait is far more important to the Country genre then the RHCP is to Rock. Oldag07 (talk) 13:14, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I can understand why some songs don't need to disambiguated. Just because a garage band decided to write a song Amazing Grace, does not mean that the Amazing Grace page should be disambiguated.  However, the artists on the disambiguation page are not garage bands, their songs are notable within their respective genre, and this RHCP song is as notable as Amazing Grace. Oldag07 (talk) 17:16, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support, this is not the primary topic. Pageviews are irrelevant.  Logical move.  -- No  unique  names  10:56, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * How is primary topic determined in your opinion? --BDD (talk) 17:19, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Support I understand that the Red Hot Chili Peppers song is important in rock music, but to make it the primary topic topic it should be important on all types of music. --Enric Naval (talk) 11:55, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. Last time I merely commented with the following words: I am not convinced that primarytopic works for song articles. If anybody was specifically looking for a song by a certain artist then the name of the artist in the title space is a bonus and not a hindrance. Whilst I am not accusing anybody here of it, some of these requested moves appear to be more about aggrandizement of the artist than any Wikipedia requirement. Let's not mix up searchability with importance of artist. --Richhoncho (talk) 13:26, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose You can talk about iTunes charts all you want (which, naturally, will skew towards more recent music), but without some numbers, especially related to Wikipedia traffic, all I see is subjective opinions, which don't hold up to my previous finding that this song is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, outnumbering all other topics by almost four times. --BDD (talk) 16:08, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment Traffic isn't what determines primary topic. It is like saying Apple shouldn't be the primary topic over Apple Inc. These are fundamentally different songs, that appeal to different audiences.  I can say the Strait version of GIA, is notable enough to counter claims that this particular song is the Primary topic.  It is an award winning, song written by IMO one Country Music's most influential artists.  Oldag07 (talk) 16:31, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Traffic is part of what determines primary topic. From that guideline: "if it is highly likely—much more likely than any other topic, and more likely than all the other topics combined—to be the topic sought when a reader searches for that term." Apple Inc. isn't moved to Apple because of the second part of that: "substantially greater enduring notability and educational value than any other topic associated with that term." Neither of these songs is particularly educational, but given that the George Strait song is 20 years younger and still less likely to be searched, we have a clear answer. --BDD (talk) 17:19, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Actually I think the disambiguation page is educational. I haven't heard of any of these songs until I stumbled across this page.  Oldag07 (talk) 17:32, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, all of Wikipedia is education in that sense. I think that clause is more about scholarly or intellectual topics. This was part of the rationale for moving Life on Mars (planet) to Life on Mars, formerly a dab page with several fictional works by that name. --BDD (talk) 17:41, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

To quote WP:PRIMARYTOPIC: "There are no absolute rules for determining whether a primary topic exists and what it is; decisions are made by discussion among editors, often as a result of a requested move. Tools that may' help to support the determination of a primary topic in a discussion (but are not considered absolute determining factors) include. . . " In short subjective opinions still matter.

Hence my argument, that the Strait song is "... an award winning, song written by IMO one Country Music's most influential artists", still works. One could explain the extra hits that the song RHCP made simply is because it is part of a more popular genre. Oldag07 (talk) 18:40, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose, for the reasons I supported last time. Those here saying that pageviews are irrelevant in determining WP:PRIMARYTOPIC fundamentally misunderstand that guideline, where article traffic stats are one of three principal methods of determining primariness of usage. Dohn joe (talk) 17:38, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Guidelines that are more suggestions rather then rules. As mentioned several times on this page, there are good reasons why page count should not be the only determining factor in determining of it is a primary topic.  These include:  the fact that the RHCP song is really genre specific, the fact that the some of the songs in the disambiguation are equality notable within their genres, and the fact that the songs have absolutely nothing to do with each other then a name. Oldag07 (talk) 19:30, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Open thoughts. The problem with "primarytopic" for song articles, especially for a title as generic as "Give It Away," is that a new song with the same title could become more famous than anything we are thinking about. If we qualify with the artists' name it avoids continual requested move debates,helps ensures links are pointing in the right direction, makes searching for particular songs logical. It will also help to protect the RHCP article in the future. For me it remains a win-win situation. --Richhoncho (talk) 03:03, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Support - Anyone wanting to look up the RHCP song could still easily find it, but as of now people looking for other songs titled "Give it Away" should be brought here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give_It_Away_(disambiguation) because it makes it hard to find other songs "titled Give it Away" otherwise. There's about 4 or 5 other songs with articles have the same exact title and each song including the RHCP one should be specified by band/artist. Mrmoustache14 (talk) 21:07, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Commnent- While there seems to be a strong disagreement to how WP:PRIMARYTOPIC should be used, the discussion seems to be dead at the moment. Admittedly, Wikipedia is not a democracy, but the ratio of those who support to those to don't support the move is 8-3 ratio (9-3 if you include me). All three who oppose were the people who supported primary move 2. If there is no other comments, I am going to move this page on Saturday. Oldag07 (talk) 18:08, 2 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That would be absolutely against the spirit of WP:RM. See Requested moves/Closing instructions. Please wait for an administrator or another qualified editor to close the discussion. RM is backlogged, but process is important. --BDD (talk) 18:56, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

Sampling - Onyx
Just like to point at that RHCP sampled Onyx's song "Atak of Da Bal-Hedz" http://www.whosampled.com/sample/72991/Onyx-Atak-of-Da-Bal-Hedz-Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers-Give-It-Away/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.239.181.138 (talk) 00:23, 17 August 2014 (UTC)

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text:
Anterior tibial vein

The anterior tibial vein is a vein in the lower leg.

In human anatomy, there are two anterior tibial veins. They originate and receive blood from the dorsal venous arch, on the back of the foot and empties into the popliteal vein.

The anterior tibial veins drain the ankle joint, knee joint, tibiofibular joint, and the anterior portion of the lower leg.

The two anterior tibial veins ascend in the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula and unite with the posterior tibial veins to form the popliteal vein.

Like most deep veins in legs, anterior tibial veins are accompanied by the homonym artery, the anterior tibial artery, along its course.

title: Anterior tibial vein


text:
Mardin

Mardin (Mêrdîn;  ماردين; ; Մարդին) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River.

The old town of the city is under the protection of UNESCO, which forbids new constructions to preserve its façade.

The city had a population of 129,864 in 2021. The population is a mix of Kurds, Arabs, mhallami,and Syriac Christians.

Antiquity and etymology
The city survived into the Syriac Christian period as the name of Mount Izla on which in the early 4th century stood the monastery of Nisibis, housing seventy monks. In the Roman period, the city itself was known as Marida (Merida), from a Syriac word, itself borrowed from Kurdish, translating to "fortress".

Between c. 150 BC and 250 AD it was part of Osroene, which was ruled by the Abgarid dynasty.

Medieval history
During the early Muslim conquests, the Byzantine city was captured in 640 by the Muslim commander Iyad ibn Ghanm. In many periods control of the city changed hands frequently between different dynasties. Hamdan ibn Hamdun captured the city in 885 and it remained under intermittent Hamdanid control until the second half of the 10th century, at which point it became contested between the Marwanids and the Uqaylids, with the Marwanids probably holding the upper hand over this area. Marwanid control in the region was ended by the arrival of the Great Seljuks under Malik-Shah I in 1085, which inaugurated an era of Turkish political domination and immigration in the region.

From 1103 onwards, Mardin served as the capital of one of the two main branches of the Artuqid dynasty, a Oghuz Turkish family who had earlier fought alongside the Seljuks. Many of Mardin's major historic buildings were constructed under Artuqid control, including several mosques and madrasas, along with other types of Islamic architecture. The lands of the Artukid dynasty fell to the Mongol invasion sometime between 1235 and 1243, but the Artuqids submitted to Mongol khan Hülegü and continued to govern as vassals of the Mongol Empire.

When Timur invaded the region in 1394, the local Artuqid ruler, 'Isā, submitted to Timurid suzerainty, but the region continued to be disputed between different powers. The last Artuqid ruler, al-Salih, finally yielded the city to Qara Yusuf, the leader of Qara Qoyunlu, in 1408–9, and left for Mosul. The city continued to be contested between the Qara Qoyunlu and their rivals, the Timurid-allied Aq Qoyunlu. In 1451 the Qara Qoyunlu besieged the city after it had been captured by the Aq Qoyunlu, but failed to retake the stronghold. Aq Qoyunlu rule thus continued in the city for the rest of the 15th century. Coins were struck here under the rule of Uzun Hasan and his son, Ya'qub. After Ya'qub, Aq Qoyunlu rule began to fragment, but Mardin remained the center of an independent Aq Qoyunlu principality for many years, while the Safavids in the east grew stronger. In 1507, the Safavid ruler Ismail I succeeded in capturing the city and the castle, expelling the local Aq Qoyunlu ruler.

During the medieval period, the town retained significant Assyrian and Armenian populations and became the centre for episcopal sees of Armenian Apostolic, Armenian Catholic, Church of the East, Syriac Catholic, churches, as well as a stronghold of the Syriac Orthodox Church, whose patriarchal see was headquartered in the nearby Saffron Monastery from 1034 to 1924. A Venetian merchant who visited the town in 1507 wrote that there were still more Christian Armenians and Jews in the city than Muslims.

Ottoman Empire
After the Ottoman victory against their bitter rivals, the Safavids, at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, the balance of power in the region changed. The Safavid commander in the region, Ustajlu, was killed in the battle with the Ottomans and was replaced by his brother, Kara Khan (or Karahan). In 1515 Mardin briefly yielded to the Ottomans, but the castle remained under Safavid control and the Ottomans were forced to leave after a few days, leaving Kara Khan to re-occupy it. The following year, the Ottoman commander, Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha, defeated Kara Khan and Safavid control in the region crumbled. The Ottomans besieged Mardin again, which resisted under the command of Kara Khan's brother, Sulayman Khan. After the Battle of Marj Dabiq in August 1516, Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha returned with reinforcements from Syria and finally forced the city's surrender in late 1516 or early 1517. After this, Mardin was administered by a governor directly appointed under the Ottoman Sultan's authority.

The city experienced a relatively tranquil period under Ottoman rule, without any significant conflicts or plights. European travelers who visited the city in the late 18th and early 19th centuries gave highly variable estimates of the population, but generally indicate that Muslims (or "Turks") were the largest group, with sizeable Armenian and Assyrian communities and other minorities, while Arabic and Kurdish were the predominant languages.

The period of peace was finally halted when the Ottoman Empire came into conflict with the Khedivate of Egypt. During this time the city came under the rule of insurgents associated with the Kurdish Milli clan. In 1835, the Milli tribe was subdued by the military troops of the Wāli of Diyarbekir Eyalet, Reşid Mehmed Pasha. During the siege the city's Great Mosque was blown up. Between 1847 and 1865 the city's population suffered from a notable cholera epidemic, with the exact number of fatalities not known. During World War I Mardin was one of the sites of the Assyrian and Armenian genocides. On the eve of World War I, Mardin was home to over 12,000 Assyrians and over 7,500 Armenians. During the course of the war, many were sent to the Ras al-'Ayn Camps, though some managed to escape to the Sinjar Mountain with help from local Chechens. Kurds and Arabs of Mardin typically refer to these events as "fırman" (government order), while Syriacs call it "seyfo" (sword). After the Armistice of Mudros Mardin was one of the Turkish cities that was not occupied by the troops of the Allied Powers.

Modern history
In 1923, with the founding of the Republic of Turkey, Mardin was made the administrative capital of a province named after it. Many Assyrian survivors of the violence, later on, left Mardin for nearby Qamishli in the 1940s after their conscription in the Turkish Army became compulsory. As the Turkish Government subdued the Kurdish Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925, the first and the fourteenth cavalry division were stationed in Mardin.

Mardin industrialized significantly during the 1990s, when inhabitants moved in greater numbers to the modern parts of the city that were developing on lower ground at the foot of the old city hill. Through a passed law in 2012 Mardin became a metropolitan municipality, which took office after the Turkish local elections in 2014. The city has a significant Arab population.

Geography
The city is located near the Syrian border and is the center of Mardin province. The old city is built mostly on the southern slope of a long hill topped by a rocky ridge. The slope descends towards the Mesopotamian plain. The top of the ridge is occupied by the city's historic citadel. The newer parts of the city are located on lower ground to the northwest and in the surrounding area and feature modern amenities and institutions. Mardin Airport is located to the southwest, 20 km from the old town.

Neighbourhoods
The city is divided into the following neighborhoods: 13. Mart, Cumhuriyet, Çabuk, Diyarbakırkapı, Eminettin, Ensar, Gül, Hamzabey, İstasyon, Kayacan, Kotek, Latifiye, Medrese, Necmettin, Nur, Ofis, Saraçoğlu, Savurkapı, Şar, Şehidiye, Teker, Yalım (Mansuriye), Ulucami, Yenıkapı and Yenişehir.

Climate
Mardin has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs) with very hot, dry summers and chilly, wet, and occasionally snowy winters. Mardin is very sunny, with over 3000 hours of sun per year. While temperatures in summer can easily reach 40 C, because of its continental nature, wintry weather is still somewhat common between the months of December and March, and it usually snows for a week or two. The highest recorded temperature is 42.5 °C on 31 July 2000, and the coldest recorded was -14.0 °C on 22 February 1985.

Demographics
The English traveler Mark Sykes recorded Mardin as a city inhabited by Arabs, Armenians, and Jacobites in the early 20th century. 12,609 Orthodox Syriacs and 7,692 Armenians (most of them Catholic) lived in the town, all of them Arabic-speaking. During the late Ottoman genocides, most of the Christians were killed, no matter their ethnicity.

Today, the city is predominantly Kurdish and Arab, with significant communities of Syriac Christians (Assyrians). Official census data does not record the number and proportion of citizens from different ethnicities and religions, but a 2013 study estimated that around 49% of the population identified as Arab and around 49% identified as Kurdish. The city can be divided into three parts: the Old Mardin (Eski Mardin) which is predominantly populated by Arabs with some Kurdish and Syriac families, the Slums (Gecekondu) which are mainly inhabited by Kurds who have escaped the Kurdish Turkish conflict in the 1980-1990s and the New City (Yenişehir) where the wealthiest people live. The civil servants are mostly Turks, which constitute the minority of the city.

Ecclesiastical history
A bishopric of the Assyrian Church of the East was centered on the town when it was part of the Roman province of Assyria. It was a suffragan see of Edessa, the provincial metropolitan see. It eventually became part of the Catholic Church in the late 17th century AD following a breakaway from the Assyrian Church, and is the (nominal) seat of three sees of the Catholic Church: the current Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mardin and two (now) titular sees under the ancient name of the town: former Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Mardin, now Titular see of Mardin only, and former Syriac Catholic Eparchy of Mardin and Amida, now titular see (initially as mere Eparchy).

Economy
Historically, Mardin produced sesame. Mardin province continues to produce agricultural products including sesame, barley, wheat, corn, cotton, and others. Angora goats are raised in the area and there is small industry that weaves cotton and wool. Agricultural enterprises are often family-based, varying in size. The city was also historically an important regional trading center on the routes between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and northern Syria. Nowadays, trade with Syria and Iraq depends on political circumstances.

Historical landmarks
Mardin has often been considered an open-air museum due to its historical architecture. Most buildings use the beige colored limestone rock which has been mined for centuries in quarries around the area.

Mosques and madrasas

 * Great Mosque (Ulu Cami) of Mardin: The historic main congregational mosque of the city, probably first built in the 1170s under the Artuqids. It was destroyed by artillery explosions during Rashid Pasha's siege of the city in the early 19th-century and rebuilt afterwards, probably along similar lines as the original building. Only the north wall of the original mosque remains. The original Artuqid minbar (pulpit), made of wood, has also survived. An inscription on the base of the minaret records its original construction date as 1176, but most of the minaret above the base was rebuilt circa 1892, probably well after the reconstruction of the prayer hall.
 * Sultan İsa (or Zinciriye) Medrese: One of the most impressive Islamic monuments in the city, dated to 1385, during the reign of Artuqid sultan Al-Zahir Majd al-Din 'Isa (r. 1376–1407). Built as a madrasa, it also includes a mosque (prayer hall) and a mausoleum, arranged around two inner courtyards. The mausoleum was likely intended to be Sultan 'Isā's burial site, but he was never buried here after his death in battle. It has an imposing entrance portal carved with muqarnas, and two ribbed domes over the mausoleum and the mosque that are visible on the city's skyline.
 * Kasım Pasha (or Kasımiye) Medrese: Another major Islamic monument begun by Sultan 'Isa but left unfinished upon his death in 1407. It was completed in 1445, under Akkoyonlu rule. It is located to the west, just outside of the town. It has a large central courtyard, a monumental portal, and three domes arranged near the front façade.
 * Emineddin Külliyesi: A külliye (religious and charitable complex), believed to be the oldest Islamic monument in the city, founded by Emin ed-Din, the brother of Sultan Najm ad-Din Il-Ghazi (r. 1115–1122). Il-Ghazi may have finished the complex after his brother's death. The complex contains a mosque, a former madrasa, a fountain, and a hammam (bathhouse).
 * El-Asfar Mosque: Believed to be the remains of a former madrasa known as the Necmeddin Medrese (Nahm ad-Din Madrasa). According to tradition, sultan Najm ad-Din Il-Ghazi was buried here, placing its foundation to the early 12th century, although only parts of the original building remain.
 * Şehidiye Mosque: Originally a madrasa, probably built in the reign of Artuqid sultan Najm ad-Din Ghazi (r. 1239–1260) or earlier. Heavily restored in 1787–88. The minaret was rebuilt in 1916–17.
 * Latifiye Mosque: An Artuqid mosque dated to 1371, with a minaret added in 1845.
 * Şeyh Çabuk Mosque: A mosque of uncertain date, built no later than the 15th century (the Akkoyonlu period) and restored in the 19th century.
 * Reyhaniye Mosque: Mosque of uncertain date, probably of the Akkoyonlu or early Ottoman period (15th-16th centuries).
 * Hatuniye Medrese or Sitt Ridwiyya Madrasa: Believed to have been built by the Artuqid sultan Qutb ad-Din Il-Ghazi II (r. 1175–1184), with a mausoleum that may have been intended for the sultan's mother, Sitt Ridwiyya (Sitti Radviyye). The building now serves as a mosque. Both the prayer hall and the mausoleum contain finely-decorated mihrabs.

Churches

 * Meryem Ana (Virgin Mary) Church: A Syriac Catholic Church, built in 1895 as the Patriarchal Church, as the Syriac Catholic see was in Mardin up until the Assyrian genocide.
 * Red (Surp Kevork) Church: An Armenian Apostolic Church renovated in 2015
 * Mor Yusuf (Surp Hovsep; St Joseph) Church: An Armenian Catholic Church
 * Mor Behnam or Kırklar (Forty Martyrs) Church: A Syriac Orthodox Church with a niche containing the remains of Mar Behnam. The building dates from the mid-6th century. In 1293 it became the Syriac Patriarchal Church. Residential annexes for the Patriarchate were expanded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
 * Mor Hirmiz Church: A Chaldean Catholic Church in Mardin. It was once the Metropolitan cathedral of the Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mardin, prior to it lapsing in 1941. Nevertheless, One Chaldean family remains to maintain it. The building, or at least its overall design, may date from the 16th or 17th century.
 * Mor Mihail Church: A Syriac Orthodox Church located on the southern edge of Mardin.
 * Mor Simuni Church: A Syriac Orthodox Church with a large courtyard. The building may date from the 12th century.
 * Mor Petrus and Pavlus (SS. Peter and Paul) Church: A 160-year-old Assyrian Protestant Church, recently renovated.
 * Mor Cercis Church
 * Deyrü'z-Zafaran Monastery, or Monastery of St. Ananias, is 5 kilometers southeast of the city. The Syriac Orthodox Saffron Monastery was founded in 493 AD and is one of the oldest monasteries in the world and the largest in Southern Turkey, alongside Mor Gabriel Monastery. From 1160 until 1932, it was the seat of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, until the Patriarchate relocated to the Syrian capital Damascus. The site of the monastery itself is said to have been used as a temple by sun worshipers as long ago as 2000 BC.

Other landmarks

 * Citadel: The citadel occupies a long ridge at the city's highest point. It was probably first built under the Hamdanids (10th century), but its present walls were likely rebuilt in the Akkoyonlu and Ottoman eras, possibly with some reuse of Artuqid materials. Up until the 19th century it was densely inhabited, but is now occupied by a military radar station. The interior includes the remains of a small mosque.
 * Mardin Museum: an archeological museum dedicated to the city's history, opened in 2000, housed in the former Syriac Catholic Patriarchate building constructed in 1895, next to the Meryem Ana Church.

House architecture

Houses in Mardin tend to have multiple levels and terraces to accommodate their sloping site, giving the old city its "stepped" appearance from afar. They are typically centered around an internal courtyard, similar to other houses in the region. Larger houses, as well as other public buildings, tend to have stone-carved decoration around their windows. The courtyard of larger houses is often on the lower level, while the upper levels "step back" from this courtyard, giving the house an appearance similar to "grand staircase" when seen from the courtyard.

Politics
In the 2014 local elections, Ahmet Türk of the Democratic Regions Party (DBP) was elected mayor of Mardin. However, on 21 November 2016 he was detained on terror charges after being dismissed from his post by Turkish authorities. A trustee was appointed as mayor instead. In the Municipal elections in March 2019 Türk was re-elected. But he was dismissed from his post in August 2019, accused of supporting terrorism. Mustafa Yaman, the Governor of Mardin Province was appointed as acting mayor.

Notable locals

 * Masawaih al-Mardini, 10th-century physician
 * Nabia Abbott 1897–1981, scholar of early Islam, papyrologist and paleographer
 * Februniye Akyol, Syriac Co-Mayor of Mardin (2014–2016)
 * Keki Abdi Pasha, Ottoman statesmen
 * Muammer Güler, governor
 * Malak Karsh, photographer
 * Feyyaz Duman, Turkish actor of Kurdish descent
 * Yousuf Karsh, photographer
 * Sultan Kösen, the world's tallest living man since 2009.
 * Ignatius Maloyan (1869–1915), Armenian Catholic Archbishop, Christian martyr
 * Pervin Chakar, Kurdish opera singer
 * Sarkis Lole, Ottoman Armenian chief architect of Mardin
 * Murathan Mungan, poet and writer
 * Mümtaz Tahincioğlu, head of TOMSFED
 * Bülent Tekin, poet and writer
 * Masum Türker, former Minister of Finance
 * Mem Ararat, Kurdish singer
 * Serhado, Kurdish Rapper

Twin towns—Sister cities
Mardin is twinned with:

 * 🇸🇮 Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2003.

Sport In Mardin

 * Mardinspor
 * Mardin 1969 Spor

General sources

 * Ayliffe, Rosie, et al. (2000). The Rough Guide to Turkey. London: Rough Guides.
 * della Valle, Pietro (1843), Viaggi, Brighton, I: 515
 * Gaunt, David: Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I, Gorgias Press, Piscataway (NJ) 2006 I
 * Grigore, George (2007), L'arabe parlé à Mardin. Monographie d'un parler arabe périphérique. Bucharest: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN 978-973-737-249-9
 * Jastrow, Otto (1969), Arabische Textproben aus Mardin und Asex, in "Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft" (ZDMG) 119 : 29–59.
 * Jastrow, Otto (1992), Lehrbuch der Turoyo-Sprache in "Semitica Viva – Series Didactica", Wiesbaden : Otto Harrassowitz.
 * Minorsky, V. (1991), Mārdīn, in "The Encyclopaedia of Islam". Leiden: E. J. Brill.
 * Niebuhr, Carsten (1778), Reisebeschreibung, Copenhagen, II:391-8
 * Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1971), Linguistische Analyse des Arabischen Dialekts der Mhallamīye in der Provinz Mardin (Südossttürkei), Berlin.
 * Shumaysani, Hasan (1987), Madinat Mardin min al-fath al-'arabi ila sanat 1515. Bayrūt: 'Ālam al-kutub.
 * Socin, Albert (1904), Der Arabische Dialekt von Mōsul und Märdīn, Leipzig.
 * Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste (1692), Les six voyages, I:187
 * Wittich, Michaela (2001), Der arabische Dialekt von Azex, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
 * Wittich, Michaela (2001), Der arabische Dialekt von Azex, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

title: Mardin


text:
Boat Quay

Boat Quay is a historical quay in Singapore which is situated upstream from the mouth of the Singapore River on its southern bank. It spans from the shophouses near UOB Plaza, stretching along one bank of the Singapore River, all the way till Elgin Bridge.

It was the busiest part of the old Port of Singapore, handling three-quarters of all shipping business during the 1860s. Because the south of the river here resembles the belly of a carp, which according to Chinese belief is where wealth and prosperity lay, many shophouses were built, crowded into the area.

Though serving aquatic trade is no longer Boat Quay's primary role, the shophouses on it have been carefully conserved and now house various bars, pubs and restaurants. Therefore, Boat Quay's social-economic role in the city has shifted away from that of trade and maritime commerce, and now leans towards more of a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for the commercial zone of which encloses the Singapore River. It is the soft front to the cosmopolitan banking and financial sectors lying immediately behind it.

Boat Quay is also the name of the road along the quay, which has since been converted into a pedestrian mall.

History
During the 1800s, Boat Quay was used to transfer various goods onto cargo ships, such as porcelain, rubber and spices. Trading in Boat Quay reached a peak in the mid-1800s.

Adaptive re-use of the historic buildings
The Singapore government cleaned-up the river in 1983 and moved the remaining shipping industry's lighters to a new quay near Pasir Panjang. Therefore, the Boat Quay was deserted and unused from 1983 to 1989.

In 1986, the Urban Redevelopment Authority announced plans to preserve Boat Quay as part of a master plan for conserving the whole of the Singapore River and its environs.

On 7 July 1989, an area encompassing South Bridge Road, Circular Road, Lorong Telok and North Canal Road was gazetted. The two- and three-storey shophouses in that area, with their characteristic five-foot way beneath projecting upper floors, were preserved and transformed into new businesses. The shophouses and godowns along the river bank were restored in the 1990s and are now bustling shops, restaurants and bars.

When the area became a conservation area in 1989, redevelopment began and by 1993 all historic shophouses were under reconstruction. The Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority issued stringent guidelines for the restoration but did not provide cash grants or tax relief for conservation projects but waived some of the development charges, car parking requirements and car park deficiency charges.

The historic shophouses could now easily be re-used for modern businesses, such as restaurants, cafes, bars and small shops. The interior of the buildings could be modified with the new use in mind, in some cases using new non-traditional interior ornamentation, materials, and colours. For instance, the interior of the Opera Cafe at No. 40 Boat Quay was modified to create an ambiance similar to an opera stage-set. The ground floor of the Lim Family Shophouse at No. 58 Boat Quay was converted into a Japanese restaurant. The upper floor is used as a weekend flat for the Lim family, who lived in the building since 1908. The architect Mok Wei Wei created more open space by demolishing some of the original partition walls, but kept and restored the original teak floors, paint colour on the window frames, wooden balcony doors, and tile roofs. The historic blackwood furniture and art pieces were also restored and re-used.

Multiple startup companies also rent offices around the Boat Quay and nearby Circular Road area.

Literature

 * National Heritage Board (2002), Singapore's 100 Historic Places, Archipelago Press, ISBN 981-4068-23-3
 * Victor R Savage, Brenda S A Yeoh (2003), Toponymics – A Study of Singapore Street Names, Eastern Universities Press, ISBN 981-210-205-1

title: Boat Quay


text:
Motion aftereffect

The motion aftereffect (MAE) is a visual illusion experienced after viewing a moving visual stimulus for a time (tens of milliseconds to minutes) with stationary eyes, and then fixating a stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move in the opposite direction to the original (physically moving) stimulus. The motion aftereffect is believed to be the result of motion adaptation.

For example, if one looks at a waterfall for about a minute and then looks at the stationary rocks at the side of the waterfall, these rocks appear to be moving upwards slightly. The illusory upwards movement is the motion aftereffect. This particular motion aftereffect is also known as the waterfall illusion.

Another example can be seen when one looks at the center of a rotating spiral for several seconds. The spiral can exhibit outward or inward motion. When one then looks at any stationary pattern, it appears to be moving in the opposite direction. This form of the motion aftereffect is known as the spiral aftereffect.

Explanation
Neurons coding a particular movement reduce their responses with time of exposure to a constantly moving stimulus; this is neural adaptation. Neural adaptation also reduces the spontaneous, baseline activity of these same neurons when responding to a stationary stimulus (see, for example, Barlow & Hill, 1963; Srinivasan & Dvorak, 1979; Glasser, Tsui, Pack, & Tadin, 2011). One theory is that perception of stationary objects—for example, rocks beside a waterfall—is coded as the balance among the baseline responses of neurons coding all possible directions of motion. Neural adaptation of neurons stimulated by downward movement reduces their baseline activity, tilting the balance in favor of upward movement.

History
Aristotle (approx. 350 B.C.) reported illusory movement after viewing constant movement, but he did not specify its direction. The first clear specification of the motion aftereffect was by Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1820), who observed it after looking at a cavalry parade. Robert Addams (1834) reported the waterfall illusion after observing it at the Falls of Foyers in Scotland. According to Verstraten (1996), the term waterfall illusion was coined by Thompson (1880). According to Wade, Thompson, and Morgan, (2014), the most comprehensive single article on the phenomenon is by Gustav Adolf Wohlgemuth (1911).

title: Motion aftereffect


text:
User:Alanwiki

I am a Senior Product Designer at Autodesk. I have focused on user-centered design as employee at Oracle, PeopleSoft, Advisor Software, Xpedior, Sage It Partners and at my own company, Modia, since 1993.

My initial reason for becoming a Wikipedia user is to test the functionality, organization and administration of a wiki project by becoming involved in one. My goals include contributing to Wikipedia by publishing articles on topics that I have some knowledge of, as well as incorporating MediaWiki technology and functionality into the content management system at [The LAB], an arts organization in San Francisco, that I founded in 1983.

The LAB, an arts organization located in San Francisco. Modia: formerly a web and educational software corporation based in Tempe, AZ; now a user centered design consultancy staffed solely and irregularly by [User:Alan Millar]. Autodesk, Inc. Oracle, Inc. Advisor Software, Inc.

title: User:Alanwiki


text:
User:MGorky

MGorky
An old fan of Art, cinema, comics and the open internet.

title: User:MGorky


text:
Eureka (2000 film)

Eureka is a 2000 Japanese drama film written and directed by Shinji Aoyama. It stars Kōji Yakusho, Aoi Miyazaki, and Masaru Miyazaki. It won the FIPRESCI Prize and Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It was released in Japan on 20 January 2001.

Plot
Eureka is a drama set mainly in rural Kyushu, Japan, and is almost entirely shot in sepia tone. It tells the story of the lasting effects of a violent experience on three people, a teenage brother and sister, Naoki and Kozue Tamura and a bus driver, Makoto Sawai. These three are the sole survivors after the bus is hijacked by a gunman. The actual violent events which traumatise them are not shown in detail. The extent to which the three have been affected slowly becomes apparent. Naoki and Kozue do not return to school, do not speak and become dissociated from their parents. Some time after the hijack, their mother abandons the family. Later their father is killed in a car crash. It is not clear whether his death is suicide. The two children continue to live alone in the family home. Meanwhile, Makoto is finding it impossible to carry on normal life and takes to the road, leaving his estranged wife living in the family home with his elderly father, elder brother, his wife and their daughter. After some time, Makoto returns home to find that his wife has left him. He cannot return to driving a bus and takes a job as a day-labourer with an old school-friend.

Relationships between Makoto and his brother begin to deteriorate and Makoto moves in with Naoki and Kozue. He takes over the housekeeping and makes sure they eat properly. Kozue now begins to communicate a little but Naoki remains mute. The detective who dealt with the hijacking begins to harass Makoto about the murder of a woman in the neighbourhood, apparently without any evidence. While Makoto is out at work one day, the children's older student cousin Akihiko arrives and states he intends to stay to look after the children. He and Makoto are uneasy with each other but the four people settle down into a kind of family arrangement.

A further murder takes place and this time the victim is a friend of Makoto's. He is arrested and questioned by the detective but is finally released. He talks to his friend and co-worker about his wish to return to driving and forms a plan to get all of them, Naoki, Kozue, Akihiko and himself away from their troubles. He buys an old bus which they convert for living accommodation and they all set off on an extended tour of the island. Kozue becomes more relaxed as they travel around but Naoki appears more disturbed. It eventually becomes clear that it is Naoki who is the murderer. Makoto confronts him and persuades him to give himself up. The remaining three carry on with the journey until Makoto finally loses his temper with Akihiko's cynical and shallow outlook and throws him off the bus. Makoto and Kozue continue on their journey until, finally, when they reach the peak of the highest mountain in Kyushu, both realise they are able to face ordinary life again. As they reach this understanding the film turns to colour.

Production
For Eureka, writer and director Shinji Aoyama got inspiration from the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack. According to The Guardian, his research "also took in accounts of Holocaust survivors and studies of Israeli terrorists, as well as his own experiences of growing up in a society of widening generation gaps." Aoyama stated that he was influenced by Alain Resnais's film Hiroshima mon amour, John Ford's film The Searchers, Sonic Youth's album Daydream Nation, and Jim O'Rourke's album Eureka. The film was shot in black-and-white and printed in color. Filming took place in Kyushu. The last scene was shot near the volcano Mount Aso.

Release
The film had its world premiere in the Competition section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival on 18 May 2000. It was released in Japan on 20 January 2001. It was released in the United States on 4 May 2001.

Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 90% based on 42 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With its subtitles and a running time nearing four hours, Eureka certainly places demands upon its viewers. For those with the patience, however, this visually lovely film builds to an emotionally resonant vision of transcendence." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Jamie Russell of BBC gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, writing, "Shinji Aoyama expertly creates tension out of nothing, building upon his slightly off-kilter set-up with a series of languorous long takes that emphasise the film's disturbing stretches of stillness." Michael Wilmington of Chicago Tribune gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, stating that "its vision is unique and harrowing, its song hits to the heart." Amy Taubin of The Village Voice wrote, "What's so extraordinary about Eureka is that it makes one believe that intimate human connections are possible, that empathy is worth struggling for, and that propriety and hipster cynicism alike must fall by the wayside en route to unconditional love."

Film Comment placed it at number 19 on the "20 Best Films of 2001" list.

title: Eureka (2000 film)


text: Category:Sports venues in Guatemala

title: Category:Sports venues in Guatemala


text:
User:Martinman11/Links

My Stuff
 * 1+1=4 Webcomic (never updated.)
 * Blog of Wonderful Random Things (BOWRT)

Other Great Links
 * Ctrl-Alt-Del
 * BnG
 * Squidi.net
 * Boing Boing
 * Cory Doctorow
 * PokerRoom

title: User:Martinman11/Links


text: Category:Buildings and structures in Guatemala


text:
Duc de Bassano

The French titles of Comte Maret and Duc de Bassano were created by Emperor Napoleon I, in 1807 and 1809 respectively, for Hugues-Bernard Maret, a French diplomat and statesman. The ducal title refers to Bassano del Grappa in Italy.

Both titles became extinct in 1906, upon the death of the first duke's grandson.

Duc de Bassano (1809)

 * Hugues-Bernard Maret, 1st Duc de Bassano (1763-1839)
 * Napoléon Hugues Joseph Maret de Bassano, 2nd Duc de Bassano (1803-1898)
 * Napoléon Hugues Charles Marie Ghislain Maret de Bassano, 3rd Duc de Bassano (1844-1906)

title: Duc de Bassano


text:
Cave of the Mounds

Cave of the Mounds, a natural limestone cave located near Blue Mounds, Wisconsin, United States, is named for two nearby hills called the Blue Mounds. It is located in the southern slope of the east hill. The cave's beauty comes from its many varieties of mineral formations called speleothems. The Chicago Academy of Sciences considers the Cave of the Mounds to be "the significant cave of the upper Midwest" because of its beauty, and it is promoted as the "jewel box" of major American caves. In 1987, the United States Department of the Interior and the National Park Service designated the cave as a National Natural Landmark.

History
The limestone from which the cave was carved began forming approximately 488 million years ago, during the Ordovician Period. During this time, much of North America was covered with warm, shallow seas. Over millions of years, calcium carbonate shells from tiny marine organisms accumulated on the sea floor, forming enormous quantities of limestone. The type of limestone in which the cave was formed is called galena dolomite because of its high concentration of the lead ore galena.

The cave began forming about a million to a million and a half years ago, in a manner similar to many caves. A large crack in the surface of the rock, called the cave's "lifeline", allowed rain water to seep into the stone. In the air, rain combines with carbon dioxide to form a weak carbonic acid. Though this acid is not very strong, it is strong enough to dissolve away the limestone after it seeps in through the "lifeline". Over time, large cavities were dissolved in the stone and as the water table dropped, the water drained out and the cavities filled with air. Now that the cavities are filled with air instead of water, the water droplets coming from the "lifeline", which are saturated with dissolved calcium carbonate, deposit solid calcium carbonate, which builds up over time to create speleothems. This is a very gradual process, usually taking 50 to 150 years to form one cubic inch of material, and continues to this day.

The area around the Blue Mounds, Dane County, was first settled by Europeans in 1828 by Ebenezer Brigham, a successful lead miner from Massachusetts. He had traveled to Wisconsin to join in the lead rush of the late 1820s. After arriving, he set up operations just north of where the cave lies today. Ebenezer's house later became a trading post, an inn, a stagecoach stop, and the first post office in Dane County. Ebenezer Brigham later became a colonel and helped build and command Fort Blue Mounds during the Blackhawk War. He died after a long life, not knowing that a beautiful cave existed beneath his Brigham Farm.

On August 4, 1939, Cave of the Mounds was discovered accidentally when limestone quarry workers blasted a section of the quarry and exposed an opening to the cave. Work at the quarry then immediately stopped and was never continued. Soon after, the cave was closed to prevent damage from curious souvenir seekers who removed pieces of stalactites and stalagmites to take home. There are still foot-sized holes in the flowstone left by these early explorers. The cave was reopened in May, 1940, after lights and wooden walkways had been installed. Since then, the wooden walkways have been replaced with concrete ones to accommodate the many visitors. Theatrical lighting, original design by Gilbert Vaughn Hemsley Jr. has also been installed to further highlight the colors and shapes inside the cave. In 1987, the cave was designated a National Natural Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. To be considered a NNL, "a site must be one of the best examples of a natural region's characteristic biotic or geologic features."

Formations
Cave of the Mounds is home to many varieties of speleothems. As with most caves, stalactites and stalagmites are common. Formations found inside the cave include:
 * Soda straws – Soda straws are formations characterized by thin, hollow tubes made of minerals. They have the potential to form into stalactites if the holes at the bottom of them become plugged.
 * Flowstones – Flowstones are created when water travels along a surface and deposits minerals. In limestone caves, flowstones are generally the most common type of formation.
 * Curtains – These are formed when water droplets run along the ceiling of the cave and gradually form sheets of minerals.
 * Lily pads – Lily pads are created when water droplets fall into a puddle and create a formation on the surface reminiscent of a lily pad.
 * Helictites – Helictites are an unusual form of stalactite that grow with bends or angles in them that seem to defy gravity. Their strange growth style is most likely caused by capillary forces acting on the water droplets.
 * Oolites – Also called "cave pearls", they are a beautiful but rare speleothem. These are spherical formations made when a droplet falls onto some sand and calcite forms around the sand, much like the way a pearl is formed.

These formations come in many different brilliant colors such as reds, browns, blues, and grays. The reds and browns are caused by the presence of iron oxide in the formation. Similarly, blues and grays are caused by manganese oxide. Some speleothems are even partially luminescent and give off light for a brief period after exposure to another light.

Ecosystem
Because the cave was underground before humans discovered it, animals like bats are not usually found in this subterranean environment. Despite this, a number of organisms that were small enough to seep through cracks in the ceiling populate the cave.

 * Bacteria in the genus Leptothrix have been found in the cave. These Gram-negative bacteria oxidize manganese when processing organic matter. This process creates the black and grey streaks found on some of the cave formations. These single-celled organisms primarily inhabit aquatic environments, and have been known to clog pipes.
 * Another bacteria found in the cave is the species Gallionella ferruginea. These organisms are chemolithotrophic bacteria (meaning they use in-organic substances as a source of nutrients). These bacteria oxidize the iron in the cave, giving some of the formations a rusty red color.
 * The most complex organism in the cave is the springtail species Coecobrya tenebricosa. These small, white colored hexapodan arthropods are only around a millimeter in length. They get their common name due to a furcula on their abdomen that allows them to launch themselves into the air. Although this species is commonly found throughout the world in soil and leaf litter, this specific population has been completely isolated in the cave. They are commonly found in damp areas, most commonly on the surface of pools of water in the cave where they feed on the various bacteria species.

Tourism
The cave is located 20 miles west of Madison, off U.S. Highways 18/151 in Blue Mounds, Wisconsin. Since its opening in 1940, the cave has hosted millions of tourists.

title: Cave of the Mounds


text:
David Jackson (Pennsylvania physician)

David Jackson (1747 – September 17, 1801) was an American apothecary and physician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1785.

History
Jackson was born in Newtown-Limavady, County Londonderry, Ireland, the son of Samuel Jackson. He attended the College of Philadelphia in an institution now named University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, graduating in first class of its medical department in 1768 with a degree in medicine. He settled in Chester, Pennsylvania and practiced there before opening a practice in Philadelphia.

In 1776, following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Jackson worked on behalf of the Continental Congress as a manager of a lottery held to raise funds for the Continental Army. He also served as paymaster for the Pennsylvania militia. He was forced to leave Philadelphia when British forces occupied the city in 1777. In 1779 he briefly served in the field with the militia as a surgeon and quartermaster. Afterwards he returned to Philadelphia to resume his medical practice and open an apothecary shop.

After the war, Jackson was named as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1785, and attended the session from April to November that year. Leaving public service, he also gave up his medical practice and concentrated on his pharmacy business. From 1789 to 1801 he served as a trustee of the University of the State of Pennsylvania, continuing through its merger into the University of Pennsylvania.

Jackson was married twice, first to Jane Mather Jackson, his brother Paul's widow. After her death he married Susan Kemper, the daughter of Jacob Kemper. David and Susan had nine children: David, Susan (who later became the sister-in-law to John Davis), Samuel, Mary, Jacob Morton, Sophia, William Brown, John, and Martha. David Jr. took over his father's apothecary, while Samuel became a physician and for thirty years was a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

In 1792, Jackson was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.

Death
Jackson died on September 17, 1801, at his home in Oxford, Pennsylvania, and is buried in the Oxford Cemetery in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He was survived by his wife Susan and all nine children. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society and Philadelphia's Democratic Club.

title: David Jackson (Pennsylvania physician)


text:
Pita Amor

Guadalupe Teresa Amor Schmidtlein (May 30, 1918 – May 8, 2000), who wrote as Pita Amor, was a Mexican poet.

Biography
She was born in Mexico City, the youngest child of a family with seven children, of mixed French, German and Spanish ancestry, a member of the Mexican aristocracy. Her parents were Carolina Schmidtlein y García Teruel (of German and Spanish origin) and Emmanuel Amor Subervielle (of Spanish and French origin). Her family's financial woes after the revolution are narrated in Yo soy mi casa. Amor was exposed to art at an early age through her sister Ines, who ran a gallery in Mexico City.

Amor defied the Catholic customs of her time. Her love life was intense and varied, she was a single mother, and expressed her doubts about God in her poetry. During her youth, she was an actress and a model for famous photographers and painters such as Diego Rivera and Raúl Anguiano, who she posed for in the nude. She was a friend of José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and María Félix.

Her poetry, influenced by Juana Inés de la Cruz ("The 10th Muse")  and Francisco de Quevedo, is notable for its direct expressions about metaphysical issues stated in the first person.

Amor experienced tragedy that deeply marked her personal life and her work: the death of her son Manuel, who drowned at 19-months-old. Following his death was a long creative silence from Amor and marked her move away from public life.

The early 2000s saw a revival in Amor, particularly within the LGBT community, thanks to a parody character inspired by her in a late-night sketch comedy program called Desde Gayola. The recurring segment, in which her character played by the actor Miguel Romero, was named El Rincón de Pita Amor.

She was an aunt of the Mexican author Elena Poniatowska and Mexican diplomat Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor.

She died in Mexico City at the age of 81.

Legacy
In her book “Mexico Revisited”, Erna Fergusson called Pita “the very picture of a poet; many critics consider her Mexico’s best woman poet, if not among the best of either sex or any era... her poems reflect a deep sincerity and a genuine seeking for truth.”

Additionally, Michael Schuessler, head of the Latin American studies department at United States International University in Mexico City referred to Amor as “Mexico’s greatest and most ignored poet of the first part of the 20th century”.

Today, she is remembered as a forerunner of female sexual liberation in Mexico.

Books

 * Yo soy mi casa (1946), dedicated to her friend Gabriela Mistral
 * Puerta obstinada (1947)
 * Círculo de angustia (1948)
 * Poesía (1948)
 * Polvo (1949)
 * Décimas a Dios (1953)
 * Sirviéndole a Dios, de hoguera (1958)
 * Todos los siglos del mundo (1959)
 * Galería de Títeres (1959)
 * Soy dueña del universo (1984)
 * El Zoológico de Pita Amor (1975) dedicated to Rodolfo Chávez Parra
 * Tan la tos (1945)

title: Pita Amor