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Category talk:Hunter S. Thompson

Categorizing this category
Quickly skimming through the category universe, I'm not seeing any other categories like this: ones devoted solely to one person, who's name appears in both the "subcategory" section of other categories and in the list of categorized articles. I think the three cats for this category make sense, this category pretty much only contains literature links, whereas it would be redundant to copy all of the Hunter S. Thompson article cats into his (this) cat, that would just clog things up (i.e., don't need to categorize this cat under ). --Tarnas 20:01, 19 July 2005 (UTC) I realize this dilemma as I am currently writing a book that is razor edge between autobiography and flat out lunacy. They really need a "Off the Chart" or "off the wall" category. This would deal with the off the wall style in a more elegant fashion. Although Hunter Thompson did suicide, I read most of his books and any mention was in a joke. id est, I know he ended his life. Irrelevant! I believe his books should be in a "Off the Chart" category His artistic freedom and brilliant work should be with other similar books that currently are without a proper category. I think it might fly for more creative types. Any other suggestions? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fotoking95446 (talk • contribs) 02:39, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, now I see others like it. :) --Tarnas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category talk:Hunter S. Thompson


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Trevor Jones

Trevor Jones may refer to:

 * Trevor Jones (Australian footballer) (1918–1985), Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne
 * Trevor Jones (Welsh footballer) (1923–1983), Association footballer for Watford
 * Trevor Jones (admiral), Australian Deputy Chief of Navy
 * Trevor Jones (artist), Canadian artist
 * Trevor Jones, the birth name of musician and composer John Du Prez (born 1946)
 * Trevor Jones (composer) (born 1949), South African orchestral film score composer
 * Trevor Jones (cricketer) (1920–2005), English cricketer for Somerset
 * Sir Trevor Jones (British politician) (1926–2016), Liverpool Liberal Party politician
 * Trevor Jones (Canadian politician), member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
 * Trevor Jones (priest) (born 1948), first Archdeacon of Hertford
 * Trevor Jones (rower) (born 1997), Canadian rower
 * Trevor M. Jones (born 1942), visiting professor, King's College, University of London, former head of R&D at Wellcome

title: Trevor Jones


text: Talk:Washington State Route 104

title: Talk:Washington State Route 104


text:
Talk:Association des Scouts du Canada

Untitled
Tel (+1 514) 374 95 51 Fax (+1 514) 374 95 53 scout@asc.ca

Category:WOSM member organizations?
Excuse my for writing in poor English, I haven't practised for years...

In WOSM, especially in the European region, there are many National Scouting Organisations, which are federations itself - some of them of more than 5 associations (eg Scoutisme Français). I propose to include al this national submembers in the above mentioned category. Could we do the same with the ASC - even if has a very special (unique?) membership status with WOSM?

If we include only the direct members, we must also remove Norges Speiderforbund, which is part of a federation. --jergen 20:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Last I heard, in Europe, those Scouting organizations were members through a central association, as WOSM only allows one group per country to be a member. In Canada, it's Scouts Canada, so this group is a member via Scouts Canada and not directly. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 00:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Your interpretation of the European situation is only partly right, in most European countries the WOSM membership organization is a true federation of independent organization (with e.g. different scout laws, different uniforms, different ranks etc.) - but it doesn't answer the question:
 * Should scouting associations with indirect WOSM-membership (affiliated or as part of a central federation) be categorized in Category:WOSM Member Organization or in Category:Scouting? I'm with the first since it groups the associations in an easy understandable way. --jergen 08:01, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess it's not really a big deal if you want to put it in that category. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 14:38, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I take this as an yes ;-) --jergen 16:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

pedagogic method?
What does pedagogic method mean? What are the differences between the girls-only and the coed one? (Alphaboi867 00:11, 16 January 2006 (UTC))

Merge
agree Chris 16:38, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I have merged the article VCPREF method into this one. aliceinlampyland 11:14, 1 February 2006 (UTC).

"One colors"?
"...in Canada there is only one official colors for the neckerchief..."

Shouldn't that be "one official colour set" or "set of colours" or "colour scheme" etc.? And by the way, in Canada, there's no such word as "color". That's the U.S.American bastardization.

No need for obscure abbreviations
L'Association des Scouts du Canada operates under the name "Scouts du Canada" (see www.http://scoutsducanada.ca/). The name "Scouts du Canada" is the registered trade mark of L'Association. Why use obscure abbreviations like ASC rather than use the full name L'Association des Scouts du Canada? The obscuring is apparently a campaign to obscure the name and impose a POV. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 101.170.170.169 (talk) 07:34, 3 May 2014 (UTC)

Logo
I have changed the logo because the one that was there previously is no more official. As the communication coordinator of l'Association des scouts du Canada, I can tell you, that, in 2012, l'Association des scouts du Canada changed its logo to the purple one. For further information http://scoutsducanada.ca/centre-de-ressources/communications-et-marketing/coffre-a-outils/. Andréanne MP (talk) 19:29, 2 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I have replaced it as there is no need to duplicate the already existing purple logo as you did, and we do not delete historical emblems if they are significantly different.

 * If I understand correctly, File:Association des Scouts du Canada.svg is no longer the current emblem. If it is to be kept in the article, then there need to be related content and the rationale needs to be updated, as it indicated this is the primary logo. --  Gadget850talk 02:22, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Association des Scouts du Canada


text: User talk:68.190.204.131

title: User talk:68.190.204.131


text:
User talk:Soch

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Jayjg (talk) 20:04, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Soch


text:
Mohegan Sun

Mohegan Sun is an American casino, owned and operated by the Mohegan Tribe on 240 acre of their reservation, along the banks of the Thames River in Uncasville, Connecticut. It has 364000 sqft of gambling space.

It is in the foothills of southeastern Connecticut, where 60 percent of the state's tourism is concentrated. It features the 12,000-seat capacity Mohegan Sun Arena, home of the Women's National Basketball Association's Connecticut Sun. It houses a 350-seat Cabaret Theatre, the 300-seat Wolf Den, and 100000 sqft of meeting and function room space, including the Northeast’s largest ballroom and 130000 sqft of retail shopping. It is also where the studio of WMOS is located.

The casino contains slot machines, gaming tables including poker, blackjack, craps, roulette, Caribbean stud poker, keno and baccarat. The race book offers live horse or greyhound racing from around the U.S. as well as from Australia and England. It also offers wagering on jai-alai from Florida.

The economic recession that began in 2007 took a heavy toll on receipts. By 2012, both the Mohegan Sun and nearby competitor Foxwoods Resort Casino (owned by the Mashantucket Pequot) were deeply in debt.

At the end of the 2018 fiscal year, Mohegan Sun's net revenue was $1.07 billion.

Development and construction
The development of the Mohegan Sun began in 1992 with RJH Development and LMW Investments of Connecticut, and Slavik Suites Inc. proposed the idea of developing a casino with the Mohegan tribe. The three companies formed Trading Cove Associates (TCA), which provided the Mohegans with financial support, tribal attorneys, and advisers to assist in the tribe's effort to gain official recognition as a people. In March 1994 they gained federal recognition as a sovereign people, opening the way to develop a casino. The land, formerly used by United Nuclear Corporation building nuclear reactors for submarines, was decommissioned and cleaned up. Sol Kerzner, head of Kerzner International (formerly Sun International), became involved with a 50 percent interest in TCA. Waterford Gaming had the other 50 percent interest in TCA. The Mohegan Tribal Gaming Authority (MTGA) (renamed Mohegan in 2022) hired TCA to oversee development and construction of the casino.

The casino and resort first opened on October 12, 1996. In 2000, Trading Cove Associates gave complete control of the resort to the Mohegan tribe, although under the terms of the agreement TCA continued to receive a 5% dividend on the gross revenue generated by Mohegan Sun until 2014.

Attempted unionization
In 2012, Mohegan Sun table games dealers attempted to unionize through an affiliation with United Auto Workers (UAW), which represents dealers at Foxwoods Resort Casino. While the Mohegan Chief of Staff Chuck Bunnell later stated that tribal law allowed and created regulations for organizing, the UAW Region 9A Director sent a letter to eastern Connecticut elected officials, detailing efforts to unionize and asking for a signed letter of support. Shortly after, a letter was sent out by Mohegan Sun Connecticut President and CEO Jeff Hartmann and Mohegan Tribal Chairman Bruce "Two Dogs" Bozsum, telling employees that unions were not in their best interest, and a union would violate trust with management. The effort did not amount to unionization, with the international representative of the UAW, Karen Rosenberg, later stating, "The Mohegan Sun discouraged them from unionization and was successful."

COVID-19 closure and re-opening
Mohegan Sun closed for the first time since its opening in 1996 on March 17, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Both Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods were major sources of the rise in unemployment in Connecticut during the pandemic, due to thousands of employees being furloughed or laid off. Although June 1, 2020, was set as a reopening date for both Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods, Governor Ned Lamont expressed concern that the nation's halting progress in fighting the pandemic did not yet warrant such freedoms from mitigation as take place in bars and casinos and discouraged the tribes from reopening the venues. Both Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods had limited re-openings on June 1, 2020. In response, the state had electric signage put on the roadways leading to the casinos, discouraging people from going.

Features

 * The Casino of the Sky has a planetarium-like domed ceiling utilizing fiber optics to display the sun, moon, and stars (though not in actual star patterns), accompanying the lighting effects of the Wombi Rock, which is a three-story high crystal mountain crafted of alabaster and more than 12,000 individual plates of hand-selected onyx from quarries in Iran, Pakistan, and Mexico; which were transported to Carrara, Italy and fused into glass.
 * A 55 ft high indoor waterfall called "Taughannick Falls," representing a treacherous crossing point during the tribe's migration.
 * The decor is Native American in style in many aspects. The artwork throughout the casino and the structural design has Native American feel. In addition, several mechanical wolves stand high atop rock structures inside the gaming areas that occasionally sit back and howl lightly. In many ways it reflects the four seasons: (Winter, Spring, Summer & Fall)  The casino uses a tribal theme for its playing cards.  Each suit represents a 20th-century Native American as well as one of the four seasons.
 * A new buffet called the Seasons Buffet replaced both the Seasons and Sunburst Buffet.
 * In the Fall of 2014, Mohegan Sun exclusively partnered with Blade to provide helicopter transportation between Manhattan and the Uncasville, CT casino.
 * Comix Comedy Club relocated from Foxwoods to Mohegan Sun in late Summer of 2015.
 * The Earth Tower, officially opened on November 18, 2016, is a 400-room, 242,000 square-foot hotel tower.
 * The Earth Expo & Convention Center officially opened May 2018. Featuring 15 meeting rooms including an Executive Boardroom and world – class service, technology and amenities, the Earth Expo & Convention Center provides the perfect venue for corporate and association trade shows. The full expansion accounts for 250,000 total square feet, which includes the 125,000 square – foot column free Earth Expo Center and 20,000 square – foot Earth Ballroom, both of which feature ample pre – function space right outside their doors.

Gaming
The gaming floor has 6,500 slot machines, 377 table games as well as a racebook.

The table games at Mohegan Sun range from 116 blackjack tables, craps, roulette, baccarat, and 3-card poker. They also offer video game blackjack, craps, and roulette.

Economic impact
Mohegan Sun employs around 8,000 local employees, bringing in $1.07 billion in revenues in 2018. Concerts and boxing events bring further temporary employment and revenues. The casino also submits about 25% of its revenues from slot machines to the State of Connecticut. However, this impact has not been without costs to the tribe and local communities. The Mohegan Tribe is $1.6 billion in debt while local communities have complained about increased local costs for services associated with casino-related traffic, crime and social welfare service demands.

Local
In November 2006, the tribe announced a $740 million expansion titled Project Horizon. The project was originally scheduled to be completed in 2010, with phases of the expansion being completed prior to that. The expansion included the "Casino of the Wind," which opened in August 2008 and features 650 slot machines, 28 table games, and 42-table poker room. It would have also added 1,000 new hotel rooms, including 300 House of Blues themed rooms, accessible through a separate lobby. However, in September 2008, Mohegan Sun placed the Project Horizon expansion on hold, due to the economic recession affecting the regional gaming markets. The feasibility of the expansion would be reevaluated within a year. However, in 2010, the tribe had a $58.1 million impairment charge which halted any work on the project. Project Horizon was eventually terminated.

In May 2011, Mohegan Sun announced that the casino would be expanded by building a new 300- to 500-room hotel. The expansion would accommodate the growing demand of hotel rooms at the casino. The Mohegans would let a third-party developer construct and own the new facility, unlike the existing hotel which is owned and operated by the Mohegan holding company. However, ground was never broken on the project.

Expansion plans were once again announced on June 24, 2013, for a $50 million, 200,000-square foot "Downtown District," to be built next to the Uncasville casino's Winter Garage, featuring a New England-themed food pavilion; a 14-screen Marquee Cinemas multiplex; an upscale bowling-and-dining facility; and a promenade of retail shops whose tenants will include Coach, Tiffany, Sephora, Tommy Bahama, Puma and others. On July 28, 2014, Mohegan Sun announced it expected to break ground by the end of the year on a $110 million, 400-room hotel at Mohegan Sun. The hotel would be financed and built by a third-party developer and then leased back to Mohegan Sun to operate. Construction was due to start by the end of the year and be opened 18–20 months afterward. It also reported plans to add a $50 million nongaming “Downtown District” addition to the casino were advancing. The project would be owned and operated by the developers.

On November 18, 2016, Mohegan Sun opened The Earth Tower, a $139 million hotel which was the second at Mohegan Sun. The 400-room, 242,000 square foot hotel would be connected to the Casino of the Earth.

Mohegan Pennsylvania
On January 25, 2005, Mohegan Sun acquired its first gaming venture outside of Connecticut with its $280 million purchase of the Pocono Downs Racetrack in Plains Township, Pennsylvania, from Penn National Gaming. Mohegan Sun renamed the property "Mohegan Sun at Pocono Downs" (later Mohegan Sun Pocono and now Mohegan Pennsylvania) and began a major expansion. Operation as the first slots casino in the state of Pennsylvania commenced in November 2006.

Plans for Mohegan Sun, Massachusetts
On August 2, 2007, the Mohegan operating company purchased 150 acre of land in the town of Palmer, Massachusetts, a town in eastern Hampden County, with about 12,000 residents. The land is directly off exit 8 of the Massachusetts Turnpike. At the time, they had plans to build a retail center and it was unknown if a casino or any type of gaming would be allowed to occur. A month later on September 17, 2007, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick unveiled a proposal to license three full-scale casinos in the state in a bidding process. The locations would be in the western, southeastern, and Boston area of the state. Both the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate passed legislation to allow casinos in the state, but Governor Patrick refused to sign the legislation due to his objections to allowing slot machines at race tracks. Prospects for legalizing casinos in the state were on hold until after the next legislative session began in January 2011. In June 2011, House Speaker Robert A. DeLeo said that a bill to legalize casinos would be taken up by state legislators in July pending the outcome of talks with Governor Patrick. In November 2011, Patrick signed the bill allowing three full-scale casinos and one slot machine parlor in the state.

The Palmer casino plans were put in limbo after voters rejected the proposal for a $1 billion casino by a 93-vote margin. A recount of the 5221 votes cast on November 26, 2013, affirmed the rejection by an additional vote resulting in a 94-vote margin. The Quaboag Hills Chamber of Commerce endorsed the destination resort project and the economic benefits for the region.

Mohegan Sun is also competing for a license to develop and operate a casino resort near Boston at the Suffolk Downs racetrack. The plans called for about 4,000 slot machines, 100 table games, and a poker room on a 42-acre piece of land in the Revere-side of the property. A referendum in Revere to approve a revised host community agreement for the proposal was passed on February 25, 2014, after the first proposed agreement for a plan that straddled the border of two communities was rejected by one—East Boston—and approved by the other—Revere. A deal was then made with Boston Mayor Martin Walsh to pay $75 million in capital improvements to East Boston and Boston and $18 million a year in payments to the city should Mohegan get the license. The final outcome depends on firstly, the Massachusetts Gaming Commission decision on September 12, 2014, for which site—Mohegan Sun, Revere or Wynn Resorts, Everett—will be issued a license, and secondly, a statewide referendum on the November 2014 ballot attempting to overturn the 2011 law allowing casino gambling in Massachusetts.

New York
In May 2011, Mohegan Sun announced plans to expand into New York with a casino in the Catskills. The casino would have taken over the Concord Resort development in the town of Thompson, New York. The New York casino would consist of a 258-room hotel, a 75000 sqft casino with 2,100 video lottery terminals and up to 450 electronic table game positions, five restaurants, retail space, harness race track, grandstand and simulcast and 10000 sqft of ballrooms and meeting space. The deal for this casino, however, fell through when the New York Gaming Commission picked other locations.

Atlantic City
In August 2012, the tribe announced an agreement to take over management of the Resorts Casino Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Canada
On June 11, 2019, the Mohegan tribe also took over management of the Casino Niagara and Fallsview Casino casinos in Niagara Falls, Ontario.

South Korea
In May 2018, the tribe announced an agreement to buy out its international development partner in building a 1,350-room hotel casino at Incheon International Airport near Seoul, South Korea. The tribe reported a plan to spend $100 million on the project in 2018. In December 2018, the tribe signed an agreement with Paramount Pictures to build the world's first Paramount-branded theme park in Inspire Integrated Resort.

In popular culture
Mohegan Sun, as well as Mohegan Sun Pocono, were featured in a 2014 episode of Undercover Boss, in which then chairman of the Mohegan Tribe, Bruce "Two Dogs" Bozsum, was featured as the boss of episode, working at the casinos in disguise.

The climax of the 2019 film Uncut Gems is both set at, and was filmed on location at, Mohegan Sun.

The music video for Ariana Grande's single "Monopoly" was filmed at Mohegan Sun. Shot during Grande's passage by Uncasville, Connecticut, in the hours leading up to a Sweetener World Tour concert scheduled that night. The video has amassed over 50 million views on YouTube.

title: Mohegan Sun


text:
Talk:Heishiro Mitsurugi

Comments
A couple of things. First, I'm not sure how Mitsurugi is based on Miyamoto Musashi, except that they're both samurai. Musashi was best known for using two swords, whereas Mitsu obviously only uses one. Second, the comment about Mitsurugi using iaido seems way off the mark. Iaido is the martial art of drawing (and sheathing) a sword quickly, and has nothing to do with closing your distance with riflemen. Mitsu also starts every fight with sword already unsheathed, so if he does use iaido (or iaijutsu), it never happens in-game. -- 168.140.181.4 23:22, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * He definitely uses iaido - it says so in his profile. These points are somewhat moot anyway; they don't really affect the article. If you feel there are changes that should be made, however, by all means make them. Adam Marx Squared 07:45, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * His Relic stance attacks are iaido attacks, but unlike, say, Setsuka, iai is only a portion of his style, not his ENTIRE style.
 * Exactly. He uses iaido. Okay then, does that about clear things up? Adam Marx Squared 02:18, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Heishiro "Calm Death Man"?
What are the sources for the meaning of his name? A better translation would seem to be "Calm Fourth Man",since it would fit better with Zokumyo naming practices. Are there any sources where the original ideogram for Shih is available?
 * The symbols for his name name are on the Japanese version of the Soul Archive site. It's listed as 御剣 平四郎 which probably should translate something more like "Calm Fourth man" and the Mitsurugi part could better as "honorable sword" or perhaps "imperial sword." Ortegojohanson 01:41, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Samurai and Ninja characters banned?
Where are these countries where Samurai and Ninja characters are banned? There was no source listed in the article. Justt curious.

 * Korea, for one. Remember, the Japanese and the Koreans had been bitter enemies in the past.  King Zeal 19:05, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Haohmaru?
I was wondering if anything should be added about Haohmaru from Samurai Shodown. In Soul Calibur 2, Mitsurugi's 2p costume resembles Haohmarus normal costume, and some of Mitsurugi's attacks appear to be based off of those of Haohmaru. Just wondering if this is something overlooked that should be placed in the article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ruoivas (talk • contribs) 21:12, 8 December 2006 (UTC).

SC Mitsurugi = SF Ryu?
After reading his profile, I kinda get the feeling that Mitsurugi is SC's version of SF's Ryu... He doesn't really have a major impact on the main plot (clashing with Soul Edge, fighting Bison/Vega), his main reason to fight is "finding and fighting the "ultimate" opponent" (Soul Edge, Akuma), but is still clearly one of the main characters... In short, he could be classified as the archetypical fighting game protagonist (even if it's questionable if he's to be considered a "protagonist", by the word's correct definition), don't you think?

 * No. That's a subjective viewpoint, at best.  Being comparable to a character doesn't necessarily classify him in the same context.  Also, the term "protagonist" is subjective in the case of a game like Soul Calibur, where each cast member varies in importance in each game.  For example, while Sophitia was instrumental in the conclusion of the origial Soul Edge's story, she's done next to nothing in terms of significance in each game since.

 * The thought isn't without some truth, to be sure, but half-truths are dangerous to be speculated upon. King Zeal 13:36, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heishiro Mitsurugi


text: User talk:200.78.237.98

title: User talk:200.78.237.98


text:
It Should Happen to You

It Should Happen to You is a 1954 American romantic comedy film starring Judy Holliday, Peter Lawford and Jack Lemmon; it was Lemmon's first major film appearance. The film was directed by George Cukor, and partly filmed on location in New York City. Screenwriter Garson Kanin originally intended the script as a vehicle for Danny Kaye, but Kanin's wife, Ruth Gordon, suggested casting Judy Holliday instead. The title was initially A Name for Herself.

Lemmon had a contentious meeting with studio boss Harry Cohn, who feared that critics might use jokes about the name "Lemmon" in headlines panning the film. He wanted Lemmon to change his name to "Lennon". Lemmon countered that if he did that, people might confuse his name with "Lenin" and associate his name with communism— a legitimate concern in the 1950s.

Plot
Gladys Glover is a young woman who yearns for fame. Strolling through Central Park, she meets Pete Sheppard, who is a documentary maker. Gladys tells him she has just been fired and has $1,000 saved up. Despite her savings, she is discouraged at having gotten nowhere in two years and she wants to make a name for herself. Pete, who is clearly taken with her, gets her address by offering to drop her a postcard when the documentary is finished so she can see herself in it. He encourages her to follow her dreams before the two part ways.

Wandering despondently, Gladys's attention is caught by a large billboard overlooking Columbus Circle that is available for rent. She has visions of her name on the billboard, and manages to secure it. Within a few days the sign is up and she is thrilled. However, it turns out the Adams Soap company has traditionally booked the sign and is upset to learn that another client has obtained it. She is called to a meeting where Evan Adams III attempts to induce her to give up the sign by offering her more money. Gladys is not interested. She is called to another meeting and is offered six signs in exchange for the one. This time, she accepts. Now, there are six huge signs in New York, one in lights, each saying simply "Gladys Glover".

Meanwhile, Pete has taken an apartment adjacent to Gladys, and the two become friends. Pete is, however, exasperated by Gladys's fascination with her signs and her requests he tour the city with her to see them. City-goers are intrigued by the mysterious signs. Gladys shops in Macy's department store, and when she gives her name, the word spreads quickly and dozens of people flock to get her autograph.

Soon, Gladys is being asked to appear on television shows, where she is treated as a figure of fun. Pete is not pleased with her portrayal on television, but Gladys does not seem to realize that she is not being depicted in the most flattering light. As she becomes more known to the public, Evan Adams III hires her to do a series of advertisements for Adams Soap. While Gladys pursues what is becoming a lucrative career, relations between her and Pete become strained, as he sees no merit in her ambitions to be famous. At the same time, Adams is showing an increasing interest in her. The situation reaches a crisis when Gladys breaks a date with Pete and his parents in order to attend what Adams says is a business conference to discuss a cross-country publicity tour. The conference turns out to be an attempted seduction, and she leaves. When she arrives home she finds a film from Pete confessing that he loves her, and that the film is his farewell.

Gladys's advertising career continues, but she begins to find the jobs more humiliating, and their emptiness frustrating. She recalls Pete's frequent questions as to why she wants to be above the crowd instead of being happy as part of the crowd. When a plane is named after her by the USAF, she is asked to speak at a ceremony, but breaks off, realizing the truth behind Pete's words.

She finally resolves to end her quest for fame, and arranges for a plane to skywrite a message to Pete, which he reads while filming a crowd sequence in the zoo.

Ultimately, Gladys and Pete are married and while driving on their honeymoon discussing their future plans, Gladys's attention is caught by an empty billboard available for rent. Pete notices this and asks what she is looking at, and Gladys replies as she embraces him: "Nothing, absolutely nothing!"

Cast

 * Judy Holliday as Gladys Glover
 * Peter Lawford as Evan Adams III
 * Jack Lemmon as Pete Sheppard
 * Michael O'Shea as Brod Clinton
 * Vaughn Taylor as Entrikin
 * Connie Gilchrist as Mrs. Riker
 * Walter Klavun as Bert Piazza
 * Whit Bissell as Robert Grau
 * Constance Bennett as Herself, TV panelist
 * Ilka Chase as Herself, TV panelist
 * Wendy Barrie as Herself, TV panelist
 * Melville Cooper as Dr. Manning, TV panelist

A teenage John Saxon also appears in the film, as an uncredited extra in Central Park.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, this film holds a rating of 100%, based on eight reviews, indicating a positive response.

When the film appeared, Bosley Crowther, writing in The New York Times, called it "a neat piece of comic contrivance that will contribute to the joy of man" with "intelligence, compassion, and lots of gags." Holliday is "brilliantly droll," and the script "a compound of clever situation and broad but authentic character, wrapped up in free splurged emotions and witty, idiomatic dialogue." He said the role in which Jack Lemmon was cast, referring to him as the "new young man", was "played superbly".

The Brooklyn Eagle found it a "lightweight but plenty funny" film that "depends on inspired dialogue and the Judy Holliday personality for its appeal....Her dialogue...always has an unexpected twist, and Judy handles it with her now famous skill. However, the story is so meager that the film leads a kind of void in its wake. It is more of a character study, if that term can be applied to a Judy Holliday film, than a plot-sized picture....It's sophisticated and bright as it stands, but it could have been expanded into a more involved story without losing any of its comedy."

The Buffalo Evening News was enthusiastic without reservation: "It is difficult to communicate the charm of 'It Should Happen to You' with a simple account of the story....If you think this is too thin for the most delightful comedy since 'Born Yesterday,' you reckon without its Lafayette star, Judy Holliday; its screenwright, Garson Kanin; and the wittiest director surviving the late Lubitsch, George Cukor."

Awards

 * The film was nominated for an Oscar for Best Costume Design (Black-and-White).
 * The film was also nominated for Writers Guild of America Award (Screen) for Best Written American Comedy.

title: It Should Happen to You


text:
Barbara Ann Crancer

Barbara Ann Crancer (née Hoffa; born April 8, 1938) is an American retired lawyer and judge who was a St. Louis County, Missouri Associate Circuit Court Judge. She is the daughter of former Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa and Josephine (Poszywak) Hoffa.

Early life and education
Crancer was born in Detroit, Michigan. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Albion College in 1960, and a Juris Doctor degree from the Washington University School of Law. After her father's disappearance, Crancer claimed that she had a vision of her father, who, she was already sure, was dead. He was slumped over and wore a dark-colored, short-sleeved polo shirt. It has mystified her ever since that although she could not have possibly known that prior to her arrival at Lake Orion, the clothing in her vision was exactly what Hoffa was wearing when he disappeared.

Career
Crancer worked as a private practice lawyer in St. Louis through 1989 when she was appointed legal advisor and then administrative law judge for Missouri Division of Workers' Compensation, serving until 1992. In July 1992, Crancer was appointed to associate circuit judge for St. Louis County, Missouri Crancer retired in March 2008, but in March 2009, she agreed to serve as an assistant attorney general for the Division of Civil Disability and Workers Rights. She retired from that post in March 2011.

Personal life
Crancer is married to Robert E. Crancer (born November 17, 1936) since 1961. They have one daughter, Barbara Josephine Crancer (born 1963).

Her younger brother is James P. Hoffa, former president of the Teamsters Union. While the siblings grew up in Detroit, the Hoffa family also spent time at their summer cottage in Orion Township, Michigan.

title: Barbara Ann Crancer


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Calvo Doctrine

The Calvo Doctrine is a foreign policy doctrine which holds that jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. The Calvo Doctrine stood in contrast to historical rules governing foreign investment which held that foreign investors could appeal expropriation decision by a foreign government in their home country. The Calvo Doctrine thus proposed to prohibit diplomatic protection or (armed) intervention before local resources were exhausted. An investor, under this doctrine, has no recourse but to use the local courts, rather than those of their home country. As a policy prescription, the Calvo Doctrine is an expression of legal nationalism. The principle, named after Carlos Calvo, an Argentine jurist, has been applied throughout Latin America and other areas of the world.

The doctrine arose from Calvo's ideas, expressed in his Derecho internacional teórico y práctico de Europa y América (Paris, 1868; greatly expanded in subsequent editions, which were published in French). Calvo justified his doctrine as necessary to prevent the abuse of the jurisdiction of weak nations by more powerful nations. It has since been incorporated as a part of several Latin American constitutions, as well as many other treaties, statutes, and contracts. The doctrine is used chiefly in concession contracts, the clause attempting to give local courts final jurisdiction and to obviate any appeal to diplomatic intervention.

The Drago Doctrine is a narrower application of Calvo's wider principle.

title: Calvo Doctrine


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Alfred Joseph Naquet

Alfred Joseph Naquet (6 October 1834 – 10 November 1916), was a French chemist and politician.

Biography
Naquet was born at Carpentras (Vaucluse), on 6 October 1834. He became professor in the faculty of medicine in Paris in 1863, and in the same year professor of chemistry at Palermo, where he delivered his lectures in Italian. He lost his professorship in 1867 along with his civic rights when he was condemned to fifteen months' imprisonment for his share in a secret society. On a new prosecution in 1869 for his book Religion, propriété, famille he took refuge in Spain. Returning to France under the government of Émile Ollivier he took an active share in the revolution of 4 September 1870 and became secretary of the commission of national defence.

In the French National Assembly he sat on the extreme Left, consistently opposing the opportunist policy of successive governments. Re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies of France he began the agitation against the marriage laws with which his name is especially connected. His proposal for the re-establishment of divorce was discussed in May 1879 and again in 1881 and 1882, becoming law two years later. Naquet, although he disapproved in principle of a second chamber, secured his election to the Senate of France in 1883 to pilot his measure through that body. In 1884 by his efforts divorce became legal after three years of definite separation on the demand of one of the parties concerned. In 1890 he resigned from the senate to re-enter the Chamber of Deputies, this time for the 5th arrondissement of Paris, and took his seat with the Boulangist deputies. After Boulanger's suicide his political influence declined, and was further compromised by accusations (of which he was legally cleared) in connection with the Panama scandals. Naquet died in Paris on 10 November 1916.

Works
The thesis written for his doctorate, Application de l'analyse chimique à la toxicologie (1859), was followed by many papers on chemistry contributed to learned journals, and his Principes de chimie fondés sur les théories modernes (1865) reached its 5th edition in 1890. He is better known by his political works, Socialisme collectiviste et socialisme libéral (1890, Eng. trans., 1891), Temps Futurs: Socialisme-Anarchie (1900), L'Humanité et la patrie (1901), La Loi du divorce (1903), L'Anarchie et le collectivisme (1904), and Désarmement ou alliance anglaise (1908).

title: Alfred Joseph Naquet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Collin Street Bakery

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Collin Street Bakery
Spam. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 20:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. -- Etacar11   23:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 08:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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List of aestheticians

This is a list of aestheticians, notable philosophers of art, who theorize about the nature of art and beauty.

Born before 17th century

 * Abhinavagupta
 * Thomas Aquinas
 * Aristotle
 * Augustine of Hippo
 * Yusuf Balasagun
 * Liu Xie
 * Longinus
 * Plato
 * Plotinus

Born in the 17th or 18th century

 * Georg Anton Friedrich Ast
 * Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
 * Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
 * Edmund Burke
 * Victor Cousin
 * Jonathan Edwards
 * Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
 * Johann Friedrich Herbart
 * Johann Gottfried Herder
 * David Hume
 * Francis Hutcheson
 * Immanuel Kant
 * Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
 * Thomas Reid
 * Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
 * Friedrich Schiller
 * August Wilhelm Schlegel
 * Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel
 * Arthur Schopenhauer
 * Johann Georg Sulzer
 * Tyagaraja

Born in the 19th century

 * Vissarion Belinsky
 * Clive Bell
 * Walter Benjamin
 * George Birkhoff
 * Georg Brandes
 * Ferruccio Busoni
 * R. G. Collingwood
 * Benedetto Croce
 * John Dewey
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson
 * Etienne Gilson
 * Eduard Hanslick
 * Søren Kierkegaard
 * Susanne Langer
 * Vernon Lee
 * György Lukács
 * Herbert Marcuse
 * Jacques Maritain
 * Friedrich Nietzsche
 * Walter Pater
 * Hans Pfitzner
 * Edgar Allan Poe
 * John Ruskin
 * George Santayana
 * Viktor Shklovsky
 * Algernon Charles Swinburne
 * Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
 * Oscar Wilde

Born in the 20th century

 * Theodor Adorno
 * Rudolf Arnheim
 * Sri Aurobindo
 * Roland Barthes
 * Georges Bataille
 * Max Black
 * Maurice Blanchot
 * Harold Bloom
 * John Cage
 * Stanley Cavell
 * Arthur Danto
 * Jacques Derrida
 * Umberto Eco
 * Michel Foucault
 * Hans-Georg Gadamer
 * Nelson Goodman
 * Clement Greenberg
 * John Hospers
 * Siri Hustvedt
 * Mani Kaul
 * Joseph Kosuth
 * Jean-François Lyotard
 * André Malraux
 * Michael Oakeshott
 * Ayn Rand
 * Roger Scruton
 * Eli Siegel
 * Richard Wollheim

title: List of aestheticians


text: Talk:One-to-one

title: Talk:One-to-one


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Talk:Bomb vessel

Bomb Ship/Bomb Ketch
Currently, bomb ship redirects here, but shouldn't it be the other way around? I've never heard of bomb ketches, just bomb ships, though the latter doesn't preclude the existence of the former. Perhaps someone better versed in naval history can answer this one: were bomb ships always ketches? If not, I think we should move this page to bomb ship and turn it into a redirect there. Even if they weren't there's still an argument to do that, ship being a more general term than ketch. --Scott Wilson 20:11, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The requirements of the mortar basically meant you couldn't have a three-masted bomb vessel, thus ketch rigging was usual and "ship" (in the three-masted sense) is potentially misleading. Google "bomb ketch" to see various real-life uses, including books on the subject - it's what I've usually seen, or perhaps "bomb vessel", which would subsume some of the intermediate types built in the early days of steam. Stan 00:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Brian Lavery says that by the 1790s most bomb vessels were ship-rigged. In particular, pictures of Erebus, Terror, Fury, and Hecla as exploration ships always show them as 3-masted ships.  Dr.frog 14:42, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bomb vessel


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Dour Festival

Dour Festival is an annual music festival in the municipality of Dour, Belgium. Since its creation in 1988, the festival has grown to an attendance of about 225,000 in 2015 (over 5 days). The first year, only five bands were programmed (including Bernard Lavilliers). The festival format now consists of 5 days, 9 stages and more than 280 bands and DJs. The festival's acts come from a wide range of genres, such as: electro, rock, drum and bass, pop, R&B, reggae, house, punk, hardcore, metal, hip-hop, indie, techno, and more. Music is played for 17 hours each day, from 12pm until 5am. The festival attracts a very international and mixed crowd, at the 2009 event 40% of attendees were from Wallonia or Brussels, 32% Flanders, 16% France, 5% the Netherlands, 5% the United Kingdom and 2% elsewhere. In January 2010, Dour Festival won the prize for the best medium-sized festival at the European Festival Awards.

Stages
The festival typically has the following stages:

 * The Last Arena (main stage)
 * Dance Hall (mostly electronical music)
 * Jupiler Boombox (rap, hip-hop, soul and R'n'B)
 * La Petite Maison dans la Prairie (mostly indie rock)
 * La Caverne (mostly punk and heavy metal)
 * Red Bull Elektropedia Balzaal (dancefloor; mostly techno, drum 'n' bass and dubstep)
 * Dub Corner (dubplates)
 * Le Labo (experimental scene)
 * La Cubanisto Dancing (only in 2016, different genres every day)

History
The first festival was held on September 16, 1989. The festival lasted just the one day, with only one stage and only French Speaking Bands. 2,000 people attended the inaugural event. The 1990 festival was of the same format but come 1991 the festival was spread across 2 days and a record 15 bands. In 1992 the festival went back to its original one day format, and attracted a record crowd of 4,000. Come 1993 and Dour Festival really started to grow, with 3 stages, 32 bands and 9,000 spectators over two days. In 1994, Dour welcomed the likes of Pulp and Blur, which helped draw 15,000. For 1995 only the festival was held over 3 days playing host to The Ramones, Public Enemy and 78 other acts and almost tripling its attendance to 43,000.

The current festival format (over 4 days) was first held in 1996 and has constantly been growing ever since reaching a current attendance of around 150,000 each year.

title: Dour Festival


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Trevor Jones (British politician)

Sir Owen Trevor Jones (17December 1926 – 8September 2016) was a British Liberal Democrat politician and member of the Liverpool City Council.

Family
Jones was the son of Owen and Ada Jones of Dyserth, Denbighshire. His wife, Lady Doreen Jones, is a former Lord Mayor of Liverpool. He has a son, Glyn, and daughter, Louise, and three grandchildren, Thomas, George and Ayesha. His daughter-in-law Mia Jones was a Liberal Democrat Councillor for Chester City Council and a candidate for Chester in the 2005 General Election.

Local politics
Jones was brought into politics in 1966 when a proposed ring road threatened the demolition of his chandlery business' warehouse. He was elected to Liverpool City Council in 1968 and Liverpool Metropolitan District Council in 1973. He led the Liberal Party to control of Liverpool City Council in 1973. He became Deputy Leader and Chair of Housing in 1975 and then became Liberal group leader when Bill Smyth lost his seat on the council. His deputy became David Alton who has been the Whip and he made Paul Mahon group Whip. He then had Mike Storey as his Deputy from 1980-1991. He served as Leader of the Council from 1978–83, From 1978/79 the Liberals had an alliance with the Conservatives. Due to party tensions in the council Labour chaired the majority of committees in 1979/80 but he won the vote to remain leader. He retired in 1991. In 2003 he returned to public service when he was elected again to Liverpool City Council, serving until 2010.

Trevor Jones, who has died aged 89, formalised and finessed the practice of community politics for the Liberal party, later the Liberal Democrats. In the 1960s he developed new campaigning strategies including the delivery of Focus – the leaflet based on local issues that electors’ identified with – that is still ubiquitous for Lib Dems. He was not its originator, indeed he was far too practical to be a theorist, but he developed the use of Focus and made it his trademark. As an organiser he had phenomenal energy and ambitions to match. First elected as a member of Liverpool city council in 1968, he was the dominant Liberal influence in the city for decades.

He earned the nickname “Jones the Vote” for the way he masterminded electoral campaigns, especially by-elections.

National politics
Following his initial successes for the party in Liverpool, Jones took an interest in national politics. In 1972 he was elected President of the Liberal Party, serving a one-year term. During that year, he took a high profile in the parliamentary by-elections the party fought, overseeing four victories: Sutton and Cheam, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Ripon and Isle of Ely. At the February 1974 General Election he stood as Liberal candidate in Liverpool Toxteth and at the General Election later that year in October, he contested Gillingham. He was also heavily involved in the by-election win at Liverpool Edge Hill by David Alton in 1979 with a 36% swing.

He was knighted in 1981. Jones' favoured nickname was "Jones the Vote" in reference to his Welsh heritage.

He died on 8 September 2016 after suffering from cancer.

title: Trevor Jones (British politician)


text:
Raga Rockers

Raga Rockers is a Norwegian rock band. The band was formed in 1982 in Oslo by vocalist Michael Krohn, bassist Livio Aiello, guitarist Bruno Hovden and drummer Jan Arne Kristiansen. Raga Rocker's musical style has evolved throughout the years and is often characterized as melodic rock with dark and satirical lyrics. The band's current lineup comprises founding members Krohn, Aiello and Kristiansen, guitarists Eivind Staxsrud and Henning Sandsdalen, and keyboardist Arne Sæther.

Raga Rockers is considered one of the "big four" Norwegian bands who popularized modern rock with Norwegian lyrics in the 1980s alongside Jokke & Valentinerne, DeLillos and DumDum Boys. The band has released twelve studio albums, four live albums and two compilation albums.

Band members

 * Current members
 * Michael Krohn – vocals (1982–present)
 * Eivind Staxsrud – guitars (2009–present)
 * Henning Sandsdalen – guitars (2018–present)
 * Livio Aiello – bass (1982–present)
 * Arne Sæther – keyboards (2007–present)
 * Jan Arne Kristiansen – drums, percussion (1982–present)

 * Former members

 * Bruno Hovden – guitars (1982–1985; died 1985)
 * Tore Berg – guitars, keyboards (1984–2005)
 * Nils Aune – guitars (1988–2009)
 * Hugo Alvarstein – guitar, keyboards (1995–2010)

Discography

 * Studio albums

 * The Return of the Raga Rockers (1983)
 * Maskiner i Nirvana (1985)
 * Varme dager (1986)
 * Forbudte følelser (1988)
 * Blaff (1989)
 * Rock'n'Roll Party (1990)
 * Perler for svin (1995)
 * Til helvete med Raga Rockers (1997)
 * Raga Rockers (2000)
 * Übermensch (2007)
 * Shit Happens (2010)
 * Faktor X (2013)
 * Live albums

 * Raga Live (1990)
 * Alive again (1996)
 * Fritt liv (2012)
 * Rockefeller 20.06.14 (2016)
 * Compilation albums

 * The Beginning of The Raga Rockers (1992)
 * Ragas beste 1983–2000/live roskilde 1999 (2005)

title: Raga Rockers


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On the Jewish Question

"On the Jewish Question" is a response by Karl Marx to then-current debates over the Jewish question. Marx wrote the piece in 1843, and it was first published in Paris in 1844 under the German title "Zur Judenfrage" in the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher.

The essay criticizes two studies by Marx's fellow Young Hegelian, Bruno Bauer, on the attempt by Jews to achieve political emancipation in Prussia. Bauer argued that Jews could achieve political emancipation only by relinquishing their particular religious consciousness since political emancipation requires a secular state; Bauer assumes that there is not any "space" remaining for social identities such as religion. According to Bauer, such religious demands are incompatible with the idea of the "Rights of Man". True political emancipation, for Bauer, requires the abolition of religion.

Marx uses Bauer's essay as an opportunity for presenting his own analysis of liberal rights, arguing that Bauer is mistaken in his assumption that in a "secular state", religion will no longer play a prominent role in social life. Marx gives the pervasiveness of religion in the United States as an example, which, unlike Prussia, had no state religion. In Marx's analysis, the "secular state" is not opposed to religion, but rather actually presupposes it. The removal of religious or property qualifications for citizens does not mean the abolition of religion or property, but only introduces a way of regarding individuals in abstraction from them.

Marx then moves beyond the question of religious freedom to his real concern with Bauer's analysis of "political emancipation". Marx concludes that while individuals can be "spiritually" and "politically" free in a secular state, they can still be bound to material constraints on freedom by economic inequality, an assumption that would later form the basis of his critiques of capitalism.

A number of scholars and commentators regard "On the Jewish Question", and in particular its second section, which addresses Bauer's work "The Capacity of Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free", as antisemitic, although others do not.

Synopsis of content
In Marx's view, Bauer fails to distinguish between political emancipation and human emancipation. As noted above, political emancipation in a modern state does not require Jews (or Christians) to renounce religion; only complete human emancipation would involve the disappearance of religion, but that is not yet possible "within the hitherto existing world order".

In the second part of the essay, Marx disputes Bauer's "theological" analysis of Judaism and its relation to Christianity. Bauer states that the renouncing of religion would be especially difficult for Jews. In Bauer's view, Judaism was a primitive stage in the development of Christianity. Hence, to achieve freedom by renouncing religion, Christians would have to surmount only one stage, whereas Jews would need to surmount two.

In response to this, Marx argues that the Jewish religion does not have the significance Bauer's analysis attributes, because it is merely a spiritual reflection of Jewish economic life. This is the starting point of a complex and somewhat metaphorical argument that draws on the stereotype of "the Jew" as a financially apt "huckster" and posits a special connection between Judaism as a religion and the economy of contemporary bourgeois society. Thus, the Jewish religion does not need to disappear in society, as Bauer argues, because it is actually a natural part of it. Having thus figuratively equated "practical Judaism" with "huckstering and money", Marx concludes, that "the Christians have become Jews"; and, ultimately, it is mankind (both Christians and Jews) that needs to emancipate itself from ("practical") Judaism.

History of publication
"Zur Judenfrage" was first published by Marx and Arnold Ruge in February 1844 in the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher, a journal which ran only one issue. From December 1843 to October 1844, Bruno Bauer published the monthly Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (General Literary Gazette) in Charlottenburg (now part of Berlin). In it, he responded to the critique of his own essays on the Jewish question by Marx and others. Then, in 1845, Friedrich Engels and Marx published a polemic critique of the Young Hegelians titled The Holy Family. In parts of the book, Marx again presented his views dissenting from Bauer's on the Jewish question and on political and human emancipation.

A French translation appeared 1850 in Paris in Hermann Ewerbeck's book Qu'est-ce que la bible d'après la nouvelle philosophie allemande? (What is the Bible according to the new German philosophy?).

In 1879, historian Heinrich von Treitschke published an article "Unsere Aussichten" ("Our Prospects"), in which he demanded that the Jews should assimilate into German culture, and described Jewish immigrants as a danger for Germany. This article stirred up controversy, to which the newspaper Sozialdemokrat, edited by Eduard Bernstein, reacted by republishing almost the entire second part of "Zur Judenfrage" in June and July 1881.

The entire essay was re-published yet again in October 1890 in the Berliner Volksblatt, then edited by Wilhelm Liebknecht.

In 1926, an English translation by H. J. Stenning, with the title "On the Jewish Question", appeared in a collection of essays by Marx.

Another English translation of "Zur Judenfrage" was published (along with other articles written by Marx) in 1959, and titled, A World Without Jews. The editor, Dagobert D. Runes, intended to demonstrate Marx's alleged antisemitism. Runes' text was extensively criticized by Louis Harap for grossly misrepresenting Marx's views.

Marx as antisemite
In his 1984 article "Marxism vs. the Jews" for Commentary, English journalist Paul Johnson references the second part of Marx's essay as evidence of Marx's antisemitism:

Let us consider the actual, worldly Jew – not the Sabbath Jew, as Bauer does, but the everyday Jew. Let us not look for the secret of the Jew in his religion, but let us look for the secret of his religion in the real Jew.

What is the secular basis of Judaism? Practical need, self-interest. What is the worldly religion of the Jew? Huckstering. What is his worldly God? Money[...] An organization of society which would abolish the preconditions for huckstering, and therefore the possibility of huckstering, would make the Jew impossible[...] The Jew has emancipated himself in a Jewish manner, not only because he has acquired financial power, but also because, through him and also apart from him, money has become a world power and the practical Jewish spirit has become the practical spirit of the Christian nations. The Jews have emancipated themselves insofar as the Christians have become Jews[...] Money is the jealous god of Israel, in face of which no other god may exist. Money degrades all the gods of man – and turns them into commodities[...] The bill of exchange is the real god of the Jew. His god is only an illusory bill of exchange[...] The chimerical nationality of the Jew is the nationality of the merchant, of the man of money in general.

Antisemitism scholar Robert Wistrich stated "the net result of Marx's essay is to reinforce a traditional anti-Jewish stereotype – the identification of the Jews with money-making – in the sharpest possible manner". Bernard Lewis described "On the Jewish Question" as "one of the classics of antisemitic propaganda".

Hal Draper (1977) observed that the language of Part II of "On the Jewish Question" followed the view of the Jews' role given in Jewish socialist Moses Hess's essay "On the Money System". According to Edward Flannery, Marx considered Jews to be enthusiastic capitalists.

Hyam Maccoby argued that "On the Jewish Question" is an example of what he considers to be Marx's "early antisemitism". According to Maccoby, Marx argues in the essay that the modern commercialized world is the triumph of Judaism, a pseudo-religion whose god is money. Maccoby suggested that Marx was embarrassed by his Jewish background and used Jews as a "yardstick of evil". Maccoby writes that in later years, Marx limited what he considers to be antipathy towards Jews to private letters and conversations because of strong public identification with antisemitism by his political enemies both on the left (Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin) and on the right (aristocracy and the Church).

For sociologist Robert Fine (2006) Bauer's essay "echoed the generally prejudicial representation of the Jew as 'merchant' and 'moneyman, whereas "Marx's aim was to defend the right of Jews to full civil and political emancipation (that is, to equal civil and political rights) alongside all other German citizens". Fine argues that "[the] line of attack Marx adopts is not to contrast Bauer's crude stereotype of the Jews to the actual situation of Jews in Germany", but "to reveal that Bauer has no inkling of the nature of modern democracy". Sociologist Larry Ray in his reply (2006) to Fine acknowledges Fine's reading of the essay as an ironic defense of Jewish emancipation. He points out the ambiguity of Marx's language. Ray translates a sentence of "Zur Judenfrage" and interprets it as an assimilationist position "in which there is no room within emancipated humanity for Jews as a separate ethnic or cultural identity", and which advocates "a society where both cultural as well as economic difference is eliminated". Here Ray sees Marx in a "strand of left thinking that has been unable to address forms of oppression not directly linked to class".

Other interpretations
In Abram Leon's 1946 book The Jewish Question, Leon examines Jewish history from a materialist perspective. According to Leon, Marx's essay uses the framing that one "must not start with religion in order to explain Jewish history; on the contrary: the preservation of the Jewish religion or nationality can be explained only by the 'real Jew', that is to say, by the Jew in his economic and social role".

Isaac Deutscher (1959) compares Marx with Elisha ben Abuyah, Baruch Spinoza, Heinrich Heine, Rosa Luxemburg, Leon Trotsky, and Sigmund Freud, all of whom he thinks of as heretics who repudiate Jewry, yet still belong to a Jewish tradition. According to Deutscher, Marx's "idea of socialism and of the classless and stateless society" expressed in the essay is as universal as Spinoza's "Ethics and God". By framing his revolutionary economic and political project as a liberation of the world from Judaism, Marx expressed a "messianic desire" that was itself "quite Christian," according to David Nirenberg.

Shlomo Avineri (1964), while acknowledging Marx's antisemitism as fact, also argues that Marx's philosophical criticism of Judaism overshadows his support for Jewish emancipation as an immediate political goal. Avineri notes that in Bauer's debates with a number of Jewish contemporary polemicists, Marx entirely endorsed the views of the Jewish writers against Bauer. In a letter to Arnold Ruge, written March 1843, Marx writes that he intended to support a petition of the Jews to the Provincial Assembly. He explains that while he dislikes Judaism as a religion, he also remains unconvinced by Bauer's view (that Jews should not be emancipated unless they abandon Judaism). However, he also clarifies in the letter that his support of the petition is merely tactical, to further his efforts at weakening the Christian state.

David Nirenberg sees Marx as having used antijudaism as a theoretical framework for making sense of the world and critically engaging with it.

In his 1965 book For Marx, Louis Althusser say that "in On the Jewish Question, Hegel's Philosophy of the State, etc., and even usually in The Holy Family that "... Marx was merely applying the theory of alienation, that is, Feuerbach's theory of 'human nature', to politics and the concrete activity of man, before extending it (in large part) to political economy in the Manuscripts". He opposes a tendency according to which "Capital is no longer read as 'On the Jewish Question', 'On the Jewish Question' is read as 'Capital. For Althusser, the essay "is a profoundly "ideological text", "committed to the struggle for Communism", but without being Marxist; "so it cannot, theoretically, be identified with the later texts which were to define historical materialism".

David McLellan argued that "On the Jewish Question" must be understood in terms of Marx's debates with Bruno Bauer over the nature of political emancipation in Germany. According to McLellan, Marx used the word "Judentum" in its colloquial sense of "commerce" to argue that Germans suffer, and must be emancipated from, capitalism. The second half of Marx's essay, McLellan concludes, should be read as "an extended pun at Bauer's expense".

Stephen Greenblatt (1978) compares the essay with Christopher Marlowe's play The Jew of Malta. According to Greenblatt, "[b]oth writers hope to focus attention upon activity that is seen as at once alien and yet central to the life of the community and to direct against that activity the antisemitic feeling of the audience". Greenblatt attributes to Marx a "sharp, even hysterical, denial of his religious background".

Feminist Wendy Brown argues that "On the Jewish Question" is primarily a critique of liberal rights, rather than a criticism of Judaism, and that apparently antisemitic passages such as "Money is the jealous god of Israel, in face of which no other god may exist" should be read in that context.

Yoav Peled (1992) sees Marx "shifting the debate over Jewish emancipation from the plane of theology... to the plane of sociology", thereby circumventing one of Bauer's main arguments. In Peled's view, "this was less than a satisfactory response to Bauer, but it enabled Marx to present a powerful case for emancipation while, at the same time, launching his critique of economic alienation". He concludes that "the philosophical advances made by Marx in 'On the Jewish Question' were necessitated by, and integrally related to, his commitment to Jewish emancipation".

Francis Wheen says: "Those critics, who see this as a foretaste of 'Mein Kampf', overlook one, essential point: in spite of the clumsy phraseology and crude stereotyping, the essay was actually written as a defense of the Jews. It was a retort to Bruno Bauer, who had argued that Jews should not be granted full civic rights and freedoms unless they were baptised as Christians". Although he claimed to be an atheist, Bruno Bauer viewed Judaism as an inferior religion.

The political-scientist Professor Iain Hampsher-Monk wrote in his textbook: "This work ["On The Jewish Question"] has been cited as evidence for Marx's supposed antisemitism, but only the most superficial reading of it could sustain such an interpretation."

In part II of the essay, Marx refers to Thomas Müntzer's 1524 pamphlet, Apology, attacking Martin Luther. Müntzer wrote, "Look ye! Our sovereign and rulers are at the bottom of all usury, thievery, and robbery; they take all created things into possession. The fish in the water, birds in the air, the products of the soil – all must be theirs (Isaiah v.)". Marx's appreciation of Müntzer's position has been interpreted as a sympathetic view of Marx towards animals. It is also possible that Müntzer was referring to the temerity of sovereign rulers who would take even that which God had created (for all of mankind and the world) as their own.

title: On the Jewish Question


text:
Mary, Lady Heath

Mary, Lady Heath (17 November 1896 – 9 May 1939) was an Irish aviator and sportswoman. Born Sophie Catherine Theresa Mary Peirce-Evans in Knockaderry, County Limerick, near the town of Newcastle West. She was one of the best known women in the world for a five-year period from the mid-1920s.

Early life
When the young Sophie Peirce-Evans was one year old, her father John Peirce-Evans, bludgeoned her mother Kate Theresa Dooling to death with a heavy stick. He was found guilty of murder and declared insane. His daughter was taken to the home of her grandfather in Newcastle West, County Limerick where she was brought up by two maiden aunts, who discouraged her passion for sports.

After schooldays in Rochelle School, Cork; Princess Garden Belfast and St Margaret's Hall on Mespil Road in Dublin, where she played hockey and tennis, Sophie enrolled in the Royal College of Science for Ireland on Merrion Street (now Government Buildings).

The college was designed to produce the educated farmers which the country then needed. Sophie, one of the few women in the college, duly took a top-class degree in science, specialising in agriculture. She also played with the college hockey team and contributed to a student magazine, copies of which are held in the National Library of Ireland. After getting her degree, she moved to Kenya with her first husband, William Elliot-Lynn. In 1925, she published a book of poetry called East African Nights.

She was a Soroptimist and a Founder Member of SI Greater London, which was chartered in 1923.

Athletics
Before becoming a pilot Lady Heath had already made her mark. During the First World War, she spent two years as a despatch rider, based in England and later France, where she had her portrait painted by Sir John Lavery. By then, she had married the first of her three husbands and as Sophie Mary Eliott-Lynn, was one of the founders of the Women's Amateur Athletic Association after her move from her native Ireland to London in 1922, following a brief sojourn in Aberdeen. She was Britain's first women's javelin champion and set a disputed world record for the high jump. She was also a delegate to the International Olympic Committee in 1925, the same year that she took her first flying lessons. In 1923 she represented the United Kingdom at the 1923 Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo, during the games she came third place at the high jump, javelin throw and the Women's pentathlon, later that year she participated in the first WAAA Championships. In 1924 she participated in the 1924 Women's Olympiad winning the silver medal in the long jump, in 1926 she again represented the United Kingdom at javelin at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg, coming fourth with a throw of 44.63 metres. In 1925, she published a coaching manual Athletics for women and girls, which advised on basic training. In 1928, Lady Heath represented England as a judge in the 1928 Summer Olympics, the first Olympics in which women's athletics were included.

Aviation career

The following year, Lady Heath became the first woman to hold a commercial flying licence in Britain and along the way, set records for altitude in a small plane and later a Shorts seaplane, was the first woman to parachute from an aeroplane (landing in the middle of a football match). After her great flight from the Cape, she took a mechanic's qualification in the US, the first woman to do so.

In an era when the world had gone aviation-mad due to the exploits of Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart, Lady Heath was more than able to hold her own. By 1927 she had three aircraft: an Avro Avian (registration G-EBQL), a de Havilland Moth (G-EBMV) and an S.E.5a (G-EBPA). "Britain's Lady Lindy," as she was known in the United States, made front-page news as the first pilot, male or female, to fly a small open-cockpit aircraft from Cape Town to London (Croydon Aerodrome). She had thought it would take her three weeks; as it turned out, it took her three months, from January to May 1928.

A scale model of the plane used by Lady Heath is on display at The Little Museum of Dublin. She wrote about the experience later in a book Woman and Flying, that she co-wrote with Stella Wolfe Murray. In July 1928 she spent a few weeks volunteering as a co-pilot with a civil airline, KLM. She was hoping to be appointed to the newly created Batavia route, which would have made her the first woman pilot with a commercial airline. The world was not ready for female pilots and her hope was not fulfilled.

Just when her fame was at its height, with her life a constant whirl of lectures, races and long-distance flights, Lady Heath (she married Sir James Heath in October 1927) was badly injured in a crash just before the National Air Races in Cleveland, Ohio in 1929. Before her accident Lady Heath applied for American citizenship, intending to remain in the USA where she had made a good living on the lecture circuit and as an agent for Cirrus engines. Lady Heath was never the same after her accident.

After divorce in Reno, Nevada, from Heath in 1930, she returned to Ireland with her third husband G.A.R. Williams, a horseman and pilot of Caribbean origin, and became involved in private aviation, briefly running her own company at Kildonan, near Dublin in the mid-1930s, and helping produce the generation of pilots that would help establish the national airline Aer Lingus.

Records

 * Light aircraft height record: 16,000 ft, May 1927 with Lady Bailey
 * All metal light seaplane height: 13,400 ft in Short Mussel on 14 July 1928 with Sicele O'Brien as passenger
 * Light aircraft height 23,000 ft, replacing previous holder Geoffrey de Havilland (20,000ft)
 * First solo flight from a Dominion to UK and first female pilot from Capetown to London Feb-May 1928

Marriages
Lady Heath's first marriage was to Major William Eliot Lynn after which she was well known as Mrs Eliot Lynn. She divorced her husband, alleging cruelty and after he died in London in early 1927, married Sir James Heath on 11 October 1927 at Christ Church in Mayfair, London. In January 1930 she filed for a divorce from Heath in Reno, Nevada, United States and was awarded a decree nisi in May of the same year.

On 12 November 1931, she married G.A.R. Williams in Lexington, Kentucky, United States.

Death
On 9 May 1939, aged 42, she died in St Leonard's Hospital, Shoreditch, London following a fall inside a double-decker tram. At the inquest the conductor gave evidence that she was sitting on the top deck and she seemed "very vague"; another passenger commented to the conductor that "I think the lady is asleep", before she fell down the stairs and hit her head on the driver's controller box. In the previous years, with alcoholism now a serious problem, she had left Ireland and her husband for England and had made a number of appearances in court on charges relating to drunkenness.

A pathologist said he found no evidence of alcohol but detailed evidence of an old blood clot which may have caused the fall; the jury returned a verdict of accidental death. On 15 May 1939, according to newspaper reports, her ashes were scattered over Surrey from an aircraft flown by her estranged husband from Croydon Airport   although legend has it that her ashes were returned to Ireland where they were scattered over her native Newcastle West.

In popular culture
In 2013, aviator Tracey Curtis-Taylor retraced Lady Heath's 1928 South Africa to England flight in a biplane. The flight was the subject of a BBC documentary, which included details and photographs of Lady Heath's original flight.

title: Mary, Lady Heath


text:
F35 (disambiguation)

The F-35 is the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, an American stealth fighter aircraft.

F35 or F-35 may also refer to:

Military and transportation

 * Saab 35 Draken (introduced 1955), an export variant of the Saab 35 Draken aircraft
 * Possum Kingdom Airport (FAA code: F35), Texas, US
 * Route F35 (Iceland), a highland road in Iceland
 * F35 transmission (introduced 1984), a Saab-designed five-speed manual transaxle
 * BMW 3 Series (F35) (introduced 2012), a long wheelbase version of the BMW 3 Series (F30)

Other uses

 * F35 (classification), classification at the Paralympic Games for club, discus throw, shot put and javelin

title: F35 (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Thud!

Image
A bookcover image that could be added is available on amazon:

[]

New Vampire
The watch has had vampires in it previously - hence this is bogus. Vampires are noted at forensic work Kev
 * Where was this? I've never read of any vampires being in the watch. Not even before Vimes joined the Watch. Arn't the Black Ribboners a recent thing? --takagawa-kun 11:23, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Until now there has been no vampires in the Watch, from Night Watch:
 * Vimes "They want a vampire in the Watch?"
 * Carrot "Yes, sir. [...]"
 * Vimes "Does it look if my body is dead?"
 * Carrot "No, sir"
 * Vimes "Then the answer's no."
 * Roo72 07:34, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It is quite clear that Vimes doesn't want a vampire in the watch. It is only because he is forced to by the patrician as usual.
 * 'Are you trying to tell me that I must--' Vimes began.
 * Vetinari cut in quickly. ' Oh no, commander. We all fully respect your autonomy as head of the watch. Clearly, you must hire whomsoever you think fit. All I ask is that the candidate is interviewed, in a spirit of fairness'
 * Yeah, right, though Vimes. And politics with Uberwald will become just that bit easier, won't it, if you can say you even have a Black Ribboner in the watch. And if I turn this man down, I'll have to explain why. And 'I just don't like vampires, okay?' probably won't do.
 * [Shawn Ogg] 15. september 2005 at 21:25 (CET)
 * Cheery is the forensic technician, and she is definitely not a vampire (see The Fifth Elephant). You may be thinking of Otto Chriek, but he's a photographer with the newspaper, not the Watch. Tonywalton | Talk 09:06, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Release Date
September 13th what year! 1643? 20xx? Please be clear! Thud! ... released in the United States of America and the United Kingdom on September 13...

Thud! was released in the USA three weeks before it was released in Pratchett's native UK, to concide with a United States signing tour.

Would someone care to sort out this apparent contradiction?

 * As I understand it, the UK release date is incorrect and was actually October 1st, which is how I originally wrote it. - 131.251.45.12 13:26, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Er, was me. Stupid database. - Stlemur 13:29, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I changed the UK release date to be 3 weeks after the US date, because I've seen that in more places that where I've seen them on the same date. Tigger89 04:16, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

To add to Trivia...
Instead of saying "there are references to X in this book" can't we have some examples?

In particluar, Vimes' "Dis-Organizer" contains many real-world references (some of which have been said already but not credited to the Dis-Organizer). Some include:

"The Gooseberry" - Blackberry

"Bluenose" - Bluetooth

"Guess my Weight in Pigs" - carnival 'guess my weight' games

"iHUM" - iPOD —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.89.253.231 (talk) 20:37, 19 December 2006 (UTC).

Grag Bashfulsson
I'm reading the book right now and am pretty sure that the dwarfs name is Grag Hamcrusher 172.203.5.229 01:15, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Bashfulson is the other Grag. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.86.51.104 (talk) 14:42, August 26, 2007 (UTC)

None
You mean to say, that this is the absolute last, City Watch Book, that will be produced, By Pratchett?

"Swoons"

AllStarZ (talk) 05:40, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thud!


text:
Jacques Miller

Jacques Francis Albert Pierre Miller AC FRS FAA (born 2 April 1931) is a French-Australian research scientist. He is known for having discovered the function of the thymus and for the identification of mammalian species of the two major subsets of lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) and their function.

Early life and education
Miller was born on 2 April 1931 in Nice, France, as J.F.A.P. Meunier, and grew up in France, Switzerland and China, mostly in Shanghai. After the outbreak of World War II, in anticipation of Japan's entry into the war, his family moved in 1941 to Sydney, Australia, and changed their last name to "Miller". He was educated at St Aloysius' College in Sydney, where he met his future colleague, Sir Gustav Nossal.

Miller studied medicine at the University of Sydney, and had his first experience of laboratory research in the laboratory of Professor Patrick de Burgh where he studied virus infection.

Career
In 1958, Miller travelled to the United Kingdom on a Gaggin Research Fellowship from the University of Queensland. He was accepted to the Chester Beatty Research Institute of Cancer Research (part of the Institute of Cancer Research, London) and as a PhD student at the University of London. Miller chose to study the pathogenesis of lymphocytic leukemia in mice, expanding on the research of Ludwik Gross into murine leukemia virus. Miller showed that experimental animals without a thymus at birth were incapable of rejecting foreign tissues and resisting many infections, thus demonstrating that the thymus is vital for the development and function of the adaptive immune system. Prior to this, the thymus was believed to be a vestigial organ with no function. His discovery has led many to describe Miller as the "world's only living person who can claim to have been the first to have described the functions of a human organ". In 1963, Miller continued his work into the function of the thymus at the National Institutes of Health.

In 1966, Miller returned to Australia to become a research group leader at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, at the invitation of its new director Sir Gustav Nossal, the successor of Sir Macfarlane Burnet. There, with student Graham Mitchell, he discovered that mammalian lymphocytes can be separated into what were later called T cells and B cells, and that these interact to allow normal antibody production (T cell help). Miller went on to show that the thymus produces the T cells, that it removes autoreactive T cells (central T cell tolerance) and several other landmark findings in immunology. These are considered crucial to understanding diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and AIDS, as well as processes such as transplant rejection, allergy and antiviral immunity. Miller was also the first to provide evidence that thymus-derived immune cells are important for the defense against certain tumors, which forms the basis for modern cancer immunotherapy.

Semi-retired since 1996, Miller is still involved in immunological research.

Miller has had a longstanding interest in art, and studied art in the 1980s. His art has been exhibited at venues in Melbourne.

Awards and honours

 * 1966 Gairdner Foundation International Award
 * 1967 Scientific Medal of the Zoological Society of London
 * 1970 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, London
 * 1971 Macfarlane Burnet Medal and Lecture of the Australian Academy of Science
 * 1974 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize
 * 1978 Rabbi Shai Shacknai Memorial Prize
 * 1981 Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
 * 1982 Elected Foreign Associate for the United States National Academy of Science
 * 1983 International St Vincent Prize; World Health Organization
 * 1990 Sandoz Prize for Immunology
 * 1990 Peter Medawar Prize for the Transplantation Society
 * 1992 Croonian Prize, Royal Society
 * 1995 J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine
 * 2000 Florey Medal
 * 2001 Royal Society of London Copley Medal
 * 2001 Centenary Medal
 * 2003 Prime Minister's Prize for Science
 * 2003 Appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)
 * 2015 ANZAAS Medal
 * 2018 Japan Prize for Medicine and Medicinal Science
 * 2019 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research

title: Jacques Miller


text:
Raley's Supermarkets

Raley's Supermarkets is an independent, family-owned American grocery and retail technology company headquartered in West Sacramento, California. Raley's was founded in 1935 by Thomas P. Raley in Placerville, California.

The Raley's Companies brands include Raley's, Bel Air, Nob Hill Foods, Raley's O-N-E Market, Bashas', Bashas' Diné Market, Food City, AJ's Fine Foods, Eddie's Country Store and FieldTRUE Organic. These brands do business in California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington and Alaska, as well as the Tribal Nations of Navajo Nation, White Mountain Apache, and San Carlos Apache. Raley's currently employs 23,000 people.

History
The company was founded on February 16, 1935, by Thomas P. Raley in Placerville, California, as Raley's Drive-In Market. Raley ran the company until his death on December 27, 1991, at the age of 88. Raley's purchased Bel Air Markets in 1993, Nob Hill Foods in 1997 and Scolari's Food & Drug Company in 2018. The company also started Food Source in 1995 and Market 5-ONE-5 in 2018.

In 1998, the company had revenue of $2.5 billion. In June 1999, Albertsons announced plans to sell its 19 stores in Las Vegas, Nevada to Raley's, which also planned to purchase eight Albertson's stores in New Mexico. For five years, Raley's had been searching for ways to expand the company, with specific interest in the Las Vegas and Salt Lake City, Utah markets. At the time, Raley's was the 38th largest supermarket chain in the United States, with 150 stores, including Bel Air Markets, Food Source and Nob Hill Foods. The company had 17,500 employees across its four divisions. Raley's opened its Las Vegas stores later in 1999, and had plans to build additional locations in the Las Vegas area.

At the time, Michael Teel – the grandson of Thomas Raley – was the company's president and chief executive officer (CEO). Joyce Teel, the mother of Michael Teel, was the company's owner. William J. Coyne, the company's first general counsel, became the chief operating officer in February 2002. Michael Teel resigned as president in April 2002, to pursue "personal endeavors." Coyne replaced Teel as president.

In September 2002, Kroger announced plans to purchase Raley's 18 store locations in Las Vegas, with intentions of converting them into Smith's and Food 4 Less stores. Raley's stated that slow growth and local competition were reasons for selling the stores. The revenue from the sale was to be used to build and renovate stores in Reno, Nevada, and northern California. The Federal Trade Commission approved the sale in November 2002. Raley's stores in Las Vegas began closing later that month. , three Raley's supermarkets had been awarded Greenchill Partnership Gold-Level Certification by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for environmentally friendly refrigeration technology.

, Raley's operates 128 stores, 40 of them in the Greater Sacramento area. Those stores control the city's largest market share: 28%, down from 30% in 2007 and 34% in 2003, according to Metro Market Studies of Tucson, Arizona. By comparison, other local market shares are Safeway at 16.7%, Costco at 11.9% and Save Mart Supermarkets at 9.2%. However, the company is suffering from increased competition in the region as well as the poor economy, and had more than 150 corporate layoffs in 2011 and closed several stores in 2012.

Supermarket News ranks Raley's 38th in the "Top 75 North American Food Retailers" based on sales of $3.4 billion. Consumer Reports surveys rank Raley's among the top U.S. supermarket chains, in particular for customer service. The same held true for 2012, although the chain fell from 4th nationwide in 2009 to 8th.

Thomas Raley's family still controls the company. His grandson, Michael Teel, became the majority shareholder in mid-2015 and currently serves as chairman. Keith Knopf was named Raley's chief operating officer on June 1, 2015, and added 'President' to his title in February 2017. He was then promoted to president and chief executive officer on September 27, 2018. Knopf has worked with May Co. Department Stores and Kohl's retail chain in the past.

In 2004, Raley's opened its first Aisle 1 brand gas station in Galt, California, and eventually grew Aisle 1 into 13 locations in Northern California and Nevada. Raley's sold all 13 Aisle 1 locations to Anabi Oil in December 2018. Raley Field, now named Sutter Health Park, home of the Sacramento River Cats, the Triple-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants, is located in West Sacramento and is named after the chain.

On October 28, 2019, Raley's announced plans to close 27 in–store pharmacies. The company transferred prescriptions from affected stores to various CVS Pharmacy, Rite Aid and Walgreens locations.

In 2020, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Raley's has opened stores in two locations in Greater Sacramento. In April 2020, Raley's opened a 55,000 square feet flagship store in Sacramento's Land Park neighborhood followed by a 35,000 square feet store in Rancho Murieta, which is located in Sacramento County. Raley's and Sacramento Republic have both delivered more than 10,000 meals to local senior citizens and have raised more than $60,000 through online donations which are going towards Indomitable Hands.

Raley's recognized its 85th anniversary with an integrated marketing campaign Good Never Stops.

In 2021, Raley's acquired the Arizona-based grocery chain Bashas'.

eCart
eCart is Raley's e-commerce platform which offers parking lot pickup for customers. Through eCart, the store has the capacity to process up to 250 online orders for pickup or delivery on a daily basis. Pickup customers have access to covered, pull-through parking spots, and their proximity to eCart storage reduces the wait time for shoppers when they arrive.

title: Raley's Supermarkets


text:
Spatz (automobile)

The Spatz (German for sparrow), later renamed the Victoria 250, is a four-wheeled microcar that was built between 1956 and 1958.

The car was originally conceived by Egon Brütsch as the Brütsch 200 "Spatz" a fiberglass three-wheeler with the suspension of the front wheels and the rear wheel attached directly to the body shell. As such the car's engineering proved unsound and trial runs on rough roads led to severe cracks in the bodywork.

Harald Friedrich, managing partner of Alzmetall P. Meier & Friedrich GmbH in Altenmarkt an der Alz, acquired the license from Brütsch to build the "Spatz" and in July 1956 with the Victoria works as a partner, founded the Bayerische Autowerke GmbH (BAG) in Traunreut.

Because of the deficiencies in the original design, Friedrich asked the then 77-year-old Hans Ledwinka, the former Tatra engineer, to design a robust chassis for the car. The result was a central tube frame and four wheels – in contrast to the original three-wheeled Brütsch. Friedrich then saw himself no longer obligated to pay royalties to Brütsch, which led to a court case, which Friedrich won. The judges recognising that the original Brütsch construction was both useless and dangerous.

The fiberglass bodywork resembled a sports car, but with only 10 hp was too underpowered to qualify as such, no matter how light it was. The cloth top was erected from inside the car. Reverse was, like for the Messerschmitt KR200, by running the engine backward (or by physically picking it up). The car was mechanically similar to the KR200 but with a single bench seat for two or three people sitting beside each other.

The engine size was increased from 200 to 250 cc. 1,588 were built between 1956 and 1958, 859 as "Spatz", 729 as "Victoria 250".

title: Spatz (automobile)


text:
Death of a Train

Death of a Train is a crime novel by Freeman Wills Crofts, published in 1946.

Synopsis
Set during World War II, a network of German secret agents plans to derail a train carrying vital war supplies. Due to a delay another train is derailed instead, the intended one then being diverted safely round the blockage. Inspector French tracks down the conspirators, nearly losing his life in a heroic final action to prevent their escape.

title: Death of a Train


text:
Tom Braidwood

Tom Braidwood (born September 27, 1948) is a Canadian actor and director known for the role of Melvin Frohike, one of the conspiracy theorists known as The Lone Gunmen on the American television series The X-Files. Braidwood also served as an assistant director on the show from seasons one through five; was a second unit director on Millennium, another series from Chris Carter, the creator of The X-Files; and a producer of the second season of the Canadian TV series Da Vinci's Inquest, on which he also directed some episodes.

Braidwood's career started in 1977, working as a production assistant, location manager, assistant director, and occasional actor and writer for numerous productions in the Vancouver area. He has a small role in the 1985 film My American Cousin, and wrote an episode of the Canadian TV series Danger Bay (on which he was also an assistant director). He can also be glimpsed in a very small non-speaking bit part on 21 Jump Street, another show on which he served as an assistant director.

While serving as an assistant director on The X-Files in 1994, Braidwood was identified by a casting director on the show as being ideal for the small one-time role of a seedy, intense, but generally friendly conspiracy theorist. Braidwood's initially one-shot part as Frohike developed into a recurring character, seen in 39 episodes across all nine seasons of the original run of the show. In addition to The X-Files, Braidwood also co-starred as Frohike in the spin-off series The Lone Gunmen, which aired 13 episodes in 2001. In 2006, Braidwood appeared in two episodes of the series Whistler, and in 2009 appeared in the movies Messages Deleted and Alien Trespass.

Braidwood essentially retired from both acting and production work around 2010, but returned to reprise the role of Frohike in a single episode of The X-Files revival series in 2016.

title: Tom Braidwood