text:
Carolyn Dawn Johnson

Carolyn Dawn Johnson (born April 30, 1971) is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter. Johnson co-wrote Chely Wright's 1999 single, "Single White Female," which reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in September 1999. Johnson was signed, in 2000, to record label Arista Nashville.

In 2001, Johnson released her debut album Room with a View. The album's first single "Georgia" reached No. 4 on the RPM Canadian Country Singles Chart for the week of November 6, 2000. "Complicated" was a Top Ten hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Her next single ("I Don't Want You to Go") was also a Top Ten hit in the U.S..

Early life and music
Carolyn Dawn Johnson was born in Grande Prairie, Alberta to John Johnson, a farmer and operator of a seed-cleaning business, and Loretta Johnson, a supervisor of a home for senior citizens. Johnson was raised on a farm in Deadwood, Alberta with two brothers, late older brother Derwin, who died due to an undisclosed illness on Christmas Eve in 1998, and brother Greg.

Johnson was passionate about music from a young age and even asked her mother how anyone could live without it. She sang at a church and started playing the piano at the age of five, learning from her pastor's wife, Evangeline Thiessen. Her parents played country music records by Jim Reeves and Don Williams at home and as she got older, her musical interests diversified as she listened to artists like ABBA, Charley Pride, Fleetwood Mac and Marty Stuart among others. The family later moved to Westlock, Alberta and Johnson attended RF Staples High School there. During her high school years, she learned to play the clarinet, flute and saxophone. She kept up her piano lessons largely in part due to Thiessan sending books and encouraging letters to her. Her high school teachers were not as encouraging and caused her to turn away from music for a while and turn to science, a period in her life which she called "a stain in her heart".

After graduating high school, believing that she could not make a living as a musician, Johnson attended Trinity Western University in Langley, British Columbia studying biology and a year later she was in Edmonton, Alberta studying education. During her college years, she frequently sat-in with local bands at night and encouragement from them caused her to think that maybe she could have a career in the music industry. At the age of 20, she taught herself to play the guitar and realizing that her true calling was in music, she went to Vancouver, British Columbia and there she attended Columbia Academy and learned the technical aspects of the music industry. Johnson focussed on songwriting in her spare time and ordered a video featuring songwriters from Nashville to learn more about songwriting and through this video, she joined the Nashville Songwriters Association International. In 1994, Johnson headed to Nashville after calling her mother and saying, "I'm going big. I'm going for the big picture."

Songwriting career
In Nashville, Johnson attended songwriting workshops and writer's night events. In 1997, Johnson moved permanently to Nashville after obtaining a work visa and later that year, she signed with Patrick Joseph Music as a songwriter. Her songwriting demos captured the attention of many record label executives and some of the songs she wrote were recorded by Patty Loveless, Suzy Bogguss, Kathy Mattea, Mindy McCready, Jo Dee Messina, Linda Davis and Chely Wright. Johnson's breakthrough as a songwriter came in 1999 when "Single White Female", a song she co-wrote with Shaye Smith and recorded by Wright, became a number one hit on country radio. This song became Johnson's first number one hit as a songwriter. Another one of her songs, "Downtime", recorded by Messina, also became a top five hit. In 2000, Johnson was named "Breakthrough Songwriter of the Year" by MusicRow Magazine.

Singing and recording career
In 1999, Johnson started her career as a solo artist. Her success as a songwriter led her to a record deal with the Arista Nashville record label. Paul Worley, a producer with whom Johnson was working, was also working with Martina McBride at that time and asked Johnson to sing background vocals on McBride's songs. McBride subsequently invited Johnson to go on tour with her as a backup singer and guitarist. Johnson toured with McBride for over a year and during this time she was also hard at work writing songs for her debut album.

Room with a View
In 2001, Johnson went on the Girls Night Out Tour opening for high-profile stars Sara Evans, Martina McBride, Reba McEntire and Jamie O'Neal. Later that year, Johnson released her debut album Room with a View in Canada. She co-wrote all 13 songs and co-produced the album. An American release of the album followed a few months later, though only containing the first 11 songs due to differences in the contracts. The album was well-received as it sold a little less than 18,000 copies in its first week and debuted at No. 8 on the US country sales chart. It became Arista Nashville's highest debuting album by a new artist since SoundScan was used to track record sales. The album went on to be certified gold in Canada in a few months.

The first two singles from the album, "Georgia" and "Complicated", were both hits in the United States, with the latter reaching No. 5 on the country charts. The year ended with Johnson receiving a record-breaking 10 nominations from the Canadian Country Music Association, with "Georgia" and "Complicated" competing against each other for "Single of the Year", "Song of the Year" and "Video of the Year". Johnson went on to win five awards, including her first "Female Artist of the Year" award.

Johnson went on tour with Alan Jackson and Kenny Chesney in 2002. Her next single, "I Don't Want You to Go", was a top 10 hit in both Canada and the US. Subsequent singles did well on the Canadian charts but not on the American charts. Johnson was nominated for five CCMA awards that year and won three, including her second consecutive "Female Artist of the Year". She also won a Juno Award for "Best Country Artist" and an Academy of Country Music award for "Top New Female Artist" that year.

In 2003, Johnson went on her first co-headlining tour with Keith Urban. While on tour, she was once again writing songs, this time for her second album. Urban provided his voice for a song on that album.

Dress Rehearsal
In 2004, Johnson released her second album, Dress Rehearsal, in which she co-produced and wrote 11 of the 12 songs. The album debuted at number nine on Billboard's top country albums charts. The first single from the album, "Simple Life", did well on both the Canadian and the American country charts. This was the only song on the album that she did not write. The second single, "Die of a Broken Heart", also did well on the Canadian country charts but not on the American charts. Later that year, she received seven CCMA award nominations and won five awards.

Johnson left Arista Nashville in 2005 because "what they wanted her to do wasn't her."

Love and Negotiation
Love & Negotiation, Johnson's 3rd album, was released in Canada under the Angeline Entertainment label in 2006. As with her first album, she wrote all 12 songs, but this time she produced the entire album by herself. The album was originally scheduled to be released in the United States in mid-2007 by Equity Music Group but was delayed and Johnson exited Equity in 2008. In September 2007, Johnson was named Female Vocalist of the Year at the 2007 CCMA Awards. Love & Negotiation was eventually released in the United States digitally through Dancing Lily Music on October 13, 2009, with different artwork.

Love Rules
In 2010, Johnson released the first single from her upcoming studio album. The single, "Let Me Introduce Myself", is included on her fourth studio album, Love Rules, which was released digitally in the United States on July 21, 2010, and in Canada on August 10, 2010, via Dancing Lily Music. The album is produced by Johnson and Frank Rogers and features 12 new songs. 'Love Rules' was nominated for Country Album of the Year at the 2011 Juno Awards

Personal life
Johnson married Matt Fisher in 2003: they divorced in 2019. They have two children, Abigail [2008] and Bennett [2010].

title: Carolyn Dawn Johnson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aaron price

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 07:36, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Aaron price
Vanity. smoddy 22:11, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed. Gwk 22:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete' Vanity page MarkS 22:23, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed, vanity. Themindset 23:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn astronomer vanity. Sorry, my brother. --Etacar11 00:28, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Category:Tunisian poets

title: Category:Tunisian poets


text:
KCBS-TV/FM Tower

KCBS-TV/FM Tower (formerly the KNXT/KNX-FM Tower) is a 296.4 meter (972 ft) high guyed radio/television tower on Mount Wilson above Los Angeles (near the Mount Wilson Observatory) at 123 CBS Lane. The KCBS-TV/FM Tower was built in 1986. It was owned by CBS Corporation and used by KCBS-TV (Channel 2) and KCBS-FM (93.1 MHz, 27,500 watts). When the DTV conversion was planned the CBS transmitters (both of them) were installed in the Channel 9 building and combined onto one antenna. The guyed tower facility, the westernmost on Mount Wilson, was sold in November 2009 to Richland Towers whose headquarters is in Tampa, Florida. However, as part of the spectrum auction repack, KCBS-TV moved back to the tower.

title: KCBS-TV/FM Tower


text:
Talk:Maida Vale

Pronounciation
Could you please include in the article the pronounciation of "Maida Vale". Thank you!-87.203.64.170 (talk) 16:32, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Exactly as it looks. "Maid a vale". Ogg (talk) 07:47, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Internet Culture
"D'oh, I am west 9" - This seems like INCREDIBLY specific information that the vast majority of readers won't understand. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.166.14.12 (talk) 10:53, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Filming
Am I right in saying that the film A Fish Called Wanda was set, and had exterior shots filmed in Little Venice? If so, that probably merits mention.
 * I'm pretty sure it was. -- TrottieTrue (talk) 01:12, 14 August 2019 (UTC)

Demography
What is the point if this? If it should be included, please include all the demographics rather than inferring something by only mentioning 'whites' AsparagusTips (talk) 17:01, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Alec Guinness
What about replacing the lesser known The Man In The White Suit with his far more famous role in The Ladykillers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.37.241.81 (talk) 21:50, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

Origin of the name "Maida Vale"
The information that you give about how Maida Vale got it's name isn't completely accurate. The pub was called the "Heroes of Maida" after the Italian battle of the same name in 1806. The section of the A5 North of that was then renamed "Maida Vale" it is in a shallow valley, and the area was named from that. How I know this: 1) I went to the pub in the 1980s when it was there and 2) you can clearly see the growth of Maida Vale in 19th century maps of the area. The area later known as "Maida Hill" was originally known as St Peter's Park and grew up slightly earlier as an outlying district of Paddington. It seems to have gained the Maida Hill name at a later point, probably from being on the hill above the area of Maida Vale. If anyone needs further information to support this then I will try to provide. JohnAndrew (talk) 17:49, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Other notable residents
Noel Gallagher from Oasis lives here as well. He said it on his Facebook Q&A session in October 2014 (video up on YouTube). --193.205.125.7 (talk) 21:03, 24 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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In popular culture
The recently added section presents trivia of minimal interest and/or relevance to the subject and should be removed before it is used to justify use of the article as a receptacle for an infinite regress of further irrelevant "references". Bjenks (talk) 21:30, 27 December 2017 (UTC)
 * No, it's perfectly harmless and an indication of the area being known by non-locals. -- TrottieTrue (talk) 01:13, 14 August 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Maida Vale Edit Request
I would like to add a section with information about Iyengar Yoga London Maida Vale to a section on the Maida Vale page.

Rationale for addition:

BKS Iyengar has been acknowledged as a figure of significant international influence and had an association with the Maida Vale ward in London from 1983 until his death in 2018. He stayed at the yoga centre on Randolph Avenue when he came to London (1) and in his own words, “As I have contributed a great deal to the Centre since its very beginning, I feel I am part and parcel of this building – from my heart, my head and my soul!” (1 & 3).

Proposed Section:

Iyengar Yoga London Maida Vale

Iyengar Yoga London Maida Vale on Randolph Avenue, the first Iyengar yoga centre outside of India (4), originally called the Iyengar yoga Institute, developed out of the strength of Iyengar yoga in London in the 1970s. From 1968, yoga was taught under the aegis of the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA). Classes were often run in school buildings and teachers often did not get a choice of rooms. Draughts, noise, dirty floors and no equipment were normal. Mr. Iyengar’s students wanted a dedicated space to practise and teach yoga. A space that could provide specialised classes for children, the elderly and people with medical problems. The site on Randolph Avenue, was purchased in 1983 and funded by teachers and BKS Iyengar himself. (1)

In November 1994, a new building designed specifically for Iyengar yoga practice (2) was officially opened at the Randolph Avenue site by B.K.S. Iyengar (1 & 3).

(1) Suzanne Newcombe https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/yoga-britain/

(2) The Architects Journal, July 1994 by Deborah Singmaster, "Simple approach helps yoga hall unite mind and matter"

(3) Transcription of original typed speech held at Iyengar Yoga London archive: https://iyengaryogalondon.co.uk/bks-iyengars-speech-at-opening-of-maida-vale-institute-november-1997/ Melissaloddo (talk) 16:25, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

(4) Goldberg 2016, p. 384.Goldberg, Elliott (2016). The Path of Modern Yoga: The History of an Embodied Spiritual Practice. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-1-62055-567-5.

Addition of B.K.S. Iyengar to 'Other Notables' section
I would like to add B.K.S. Iyengar to the 'Other Notables' section of this page:

 * BKS Iyengar (b. 1918), Indian yoga teacher and author taught and stayed at 223A Randolph Avenue, W9 on his visits to London. (1 & 3)

(1) Suzanne Newcombe https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/yoga-britain/

(3) Transcription of original typed speech held at Iyengar Yoga London archive: https://iyengaryogalondon.co.uk/bks-iyengars-speech-at-opening-of-maida-vale-institute-november-1997/Melissaloddo (talk) 16:25, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Mention of the centre may well be appropriate if significant cover in reliable sources can be indicated but to include someone as a notable resident of an area on the basis of some visits, of unspecified number or duration, does not seem credible. Neither their self-declaration of being "part and parcel of (one of the area's) building(s)".
 * I have expressed concerns on your talk page about the WP:COI that your editing pattern indicates and I have further reason for believing this to be the case. I'd rather give you the opportunity to disclose this yourself, as requested. Mutt Lunker (talk) 18:47, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Matt (sorry Mutt), there are pictures, video and written records of him teaching, socialising and staying there. I can happily source references to dates and durations of visits. But I take your point. Thanks, Melissaloddo (talk) 18:57, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maida Vale


text:
Tŷ Croes

Tŷ Croes is a small settlement two miles east of Rhosneigr, Anglesey, Wales.

It was, for a short time, the home of No. 144 Signals Unit RAF, an RAF Strike Command mobile radar reserve.

It has a railway station on the North Wales Coast Line which runs between Holyhead and Crewe.

Tŷ Croes is home to Anglesey Circuit that holds events at both club and national level. The circuit was extended in 2006 and is used by a number of groups for testing both cars and motorcycles. One advantage of the circuit is its comparative remoteness (from London) which allows testing to be done without attracting too much attention.

title: Tŷ Croes


text:
Styracaceae

The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The family is characterised by spirally arranged simple leaves with no stipules; symmetrical white flowers with a corolla of two to five (sometimes seven) fused petals; and the fruit usually is a dry capsule, sometimes winged, less often a fleshy drupe, with one or two seeds.

Most are large shrubs to small trees 3–15 m tall, but Halesia monticola (H. carolina var. monticola) is larger, with trees 39 m tall known in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina.

Genera
Several genera include species popular as ornamental trees valued for their decorative white flowers. Benzoin resin, used in herbal medicine and perfumes, is extracted from the bark of Styrax species.

 * List of Genera
 * Alniphyllum Matsum. (three species)
 * Bruinsmia Boer. & Koord. (two species)
 * Changiostyrax C.T.Chen (one species)
 * Halesia J.Ellis ex L. (three to five species)
 * Huodendron Rehder (four species)
 * Melliodendron Hand.-Mazz. (one species)
 * Parastyrax W.W.Sm. (two species)
 * Perkinsiodendron P.W.Fritsch (one species)
 * Pterostyrax Siebold & Zucc. (four species)
 * Rehderodendron Hu (five species)
 * Sinojackia Hu (five species)
 * Styrax L. (about 130 species)

The genus Pamphilia, sometimes regarded as distinct, is now included within Styrax on genetic data. Phylogenetic studies suggest Halesia is not monophyletic and one species has now been transferred to the new genus Perkinsiodendron.

title: Styracaceae


text: Category:Tunisian people by occupation

title: Category:Tunisian people by occupation


text:
This Boy

"This Boy" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney). It was released in November 1963 as the B-side of the band's Parlophone single "I Want to Hold Your Hand". In the United States, it was issued in January 1964 on Meet the Beatles! which was Capitol Records' reconfigured version of the With the Beatles album. The Beatles performed the song live on 16 February 1964 for their second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. An instrumental easy listening arrangement by George Martin, re-titled "Ringo's Theme (This Boy)", was featured in the film A Hard Day's Night and the United Artists soundtrack album. This version was also issued as a single, reaching number 53 in the US and number one in Canada.

"This Boy" was remastered for compact disc by George Martin and released in 1988 on the Past Masters, Volume One compilation. On 9 September 2009, it was re-released on the two CD set Past Masters, as part of the remastering of the original Beatles' catalogue, and was included in The Beatles Stereo Box Set and in The Beatles in Mono box set.

Composition
The track's composition was Lennon's attempt to write a tune in the style of Motown star Smokey Robinson, and specifically his song "I've Been Good to You", which has similar circular doo-wop chord changes, melody and arrangement. The tune and arrangement also draw from "You Don't Understand Me", a B-side to a Bobby Freeman single. Paul McCartney cites the Teddy Bears' 1958 hit "To Know Him Is to Love Him" also as being influential.

Lennon, McCartney, and George Harrison joined in singing an intricate three-part close harmony in the verses and refrain, and a similar technique is employed in later Beatles songs, notably "Yes It Is" and "Because". Originally the middle eight was conceived as a guitar solo but altered during the recording process. Written in D major, the song revolves around a 1950s-style I-vi-ii-V doo-wop sequence in 12/8 time before moving to the harmonically complex middle eight (G-F#7-Bm-D7-G-E7-A-A7) and back again for the final verse and fade-out. William Mann describes the song as "harmonically ... one of their most intriguing, with its chains of pandiatonic clusters".

Recordings
The Beatles recorded "This Boy" on 17 October 1963, the same day they recorded "I Want To Hold Your Hand", the group's first fan club Christmas single, and a version of "You Really Got a Hold on Me".

They recorded fifteen takes of "This Boy" followed by two overdubs. The song was recorded with a rounded ending, although it was faded out during a mixing session on 21 October. Two takes were joined to make the final master, with the edit between the middle eight and the final verse (1:28).

Alternative recordings have also been officially released. A live version performed on Two of a Kind in 1963 was released on Anthology 1 and two incomplete takes from the original recording were released as a track on the single "Free as a Bird".

Ringo's Theme
An instrumental version of "This Boy", orchestrated by George Martin, is used as the incidental music during Ringo Starr's towpath scene in the film A Hard Day's Night. The piece, under the title, "Ringo's Theme (This Boy)", was released as a single—but failed to chart in the UK—on 7 August 1964 with "And I Love Her" on the B-Side, although it did reach number 53 in the American Top 100 later that year. It was also included on Martin's Parlophone album Off the Beatle Track and the EP Music From A Hard Day’s Night by the George Martin Orchestra, released 19 February 1965. It was also included on the American A Hard Day's Night soundtrack album. Vic Flick's lead guitar work can be heard on "Ringo’s Theme", which plays as the Beatles drummer wanders around London on his own.

Personnel

 * John Lennon – double-tracked lead vocal, harmony vocal, acoustic guitar
 * Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, bass guitar
 * George Harrison – harmony vocal, lead guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drum
 * Instrumental version
 * George Martin Orchestra featuring Vic Flick on lead guitar.

title: This Boy


text:
Talk:Planet Waves

Performance with The Band
Among other problems, the previous entry incorrectly reported that Dylan had not performed publicly with the Band since 1966, even though he played at at least 5 shows with them-- and three of those appearances have been commercially released in some form. Monicasdude 22:14, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

song
i can not find the song invisible sun i think was sung on cold case the bunnycaper ? 01/18/10 the credits show song by bob dylan on the planet waves album but it si not listed on it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.160.212.191 (talk) 02:15, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Vocal credits
I hear backing vocals on 'Going Going Gone' and 'Never Say Goodbye'. However, it sort of sounds like this is Dylan overdubbed. Can anyone find a source that Danko and Helm really did sing on the album? Ulmanor (talk) 02:00, 21 September 2010 (UTC) Bob Dylan: The Recording Sessions, 1960-1994 by Heylin (pp. 95-99) clears this up: they are all overdubs. Ulmanor (talk) 20:17, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Planet Waves


text:
Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (SAC) (ศูนย์มานุษยวิทยาสิรินธร) is an academic institution under the Ministry of Culture in Taling Chan District, Bangkok, Thailand, established in 1992, with the aim of the systematic gathering, processing, and maintenance of anthropological data scattered throughout the country.

The centre was initiated by Silpakorn University in 1991, started as a faculty-equivalent unit within the university. It became an autonomous organisation in 2000.

The institute is named after Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Princess Royal of Thailand.

In 2024 President is Professor Suwanna Satha-Anand

History
In 1989, Silpakorn University established the project of organizing the centre to glorify Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn on the occasion of her 36th birthday in 1991, given her interest in anthropology and related subjects, such as history, linguistics, and archaeology.

The project was approved by royal decree to be a state agency under the aegis of Silpakorn University.


text:
Zero one

Zero One may refer to:

 * Zero 1 (band), a band
 * "Zero One" (song), a 2018 song by K?d
 * "Zero-One", a song by Northlane from the album Mesmer, 2017
 * Pro Wrestling Zero1, a Japanese pro wrestling promotion
 * Zero-One, the name of the vehicle in the Pokémon Snap video game
 * Zero One, the name of the computer-controlled city in the Matrix trilogy
 * Kamen Rider Zero-One, a 2019–20 Japanese tokusatsu series
 * Zero One (TV series), a 1962-65 British TV series
 * Zero One (album), a 2020 album by the Living Tombstone
 * Zero One, a manga written by Hiroya Oku
 * Zero One, an adventure video game published by Fuuki

title: Zero one


text:
CODA System

The CODA System is a role-playing game system designed by Decipher, Inc.

Description
After Last Unicorn Games was purchased by Wizards of the Coast, some of the staff from Last Unicorn started working for Decipher, Inc. where they created their Star Trek Roleplaying Game, which used the CODA System. The CODA System was also used, in an altered form, in their Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game. It was published in two 256-page hardcover books.

It uses six-sided dice to resolve actions. It uses a set of character statistics, as well as skills and edges, that function similarly to the d20 System 'Feats' systems. Characters belong to a class, and can adopt more than one class as they progress.

The CODA System has characters advancing and refers to characters as having N advancements, similar to having a particular level in the d20 System. Advancing gives the player a number of picks with which to buy upgrades to their character's statistics and abilities.

Characters have a total hit point pool segmented into health levels; each health level of damage incurred imposes a wound penalty to certain actions. Characters also have a number of 'weariness' levels; extended or intense activity can result in penalties to certain actions based on the number of weariness levels lost.

title: CODA System


text:
Alberta Citylink

Alberta Citylink was an airline based in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. It operated domestic passenger service for Air Canada as an Air Canada Connector air carrier via a code sharing agreement. Its main base was Medicine Hat Airport, with a hub at Calgary International Airport

History
The airline was established and initiated operations in 1996. Scheduled services were also operated by Bar XH Air (established in 1974) under the name Alberta Citylink. However, scheduled services are no longer operated.

Air Canada Connector routes in 1999
According to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), Alberta Citylink was operating Air Canada Connector code share services on behalf of Air Canada with BAe Jetstream commuter propjets at this time with nonstop flights between Calgary and Cold Lake, Alberta, Cranbrook, BC, Lethbridge, Lloydminster and Medicine Hat, and also nonstop between Edmonton and Cold Lake.

Fleet
The Alberta Citylink fleet consisted of the following turboprop aircraft:
 * 1 — BAe Jetstream 31
 * 2 — BAe Jetstream 32

title: Alberta Citylink


text:
User:Chapindwight

Topics of Interest
Here are a few of the topics that interest me. I will most likely be found contributing to related articles to these.
 * Colonial New England
 * United Colonies of New England
 * Connecticut Colony

Articles I have written large portions of on Wikipedia

 * John Mason (c.1600-1672)
 * Saybrook Colony

Articles I have contributed to on Wikipedia

 * Pequot War

Articles To Do

 * Great Swamp Fight
 * Sassacus

title: User:Chapindwight


text:
Talk:Alfred Dundas Taylor

Untitled
In the first paragraph this guy's in the India Navy in the second paragraph he's in the India Marines.

title: Talk:Alfred Dundas Taylor


text:
Talk:Blindsight

Too rooted in experimental methods
This article reads as if its title should be "history of blindsight research". The standard Wikipedia mantra (and indeed, even research papers should do this) is to summarize findings across multiple studies and cite the papers. Individual discussion of each of twenty studies makes this a tedious and frankly boring read for anyone outside the field, even another neuroscientist. For example, the History section begins with the discussion of monkey studies; were there no pre-enlightenment or classical ideas about blindsight? Judging by its common rather than jargon-based name, I would wager there was a popular mythos surrounding the condition that dates back to antiquity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.179.17.89 (talk) 15:43, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

Qualia
It says:

 * Blindsight is a condition superficially resembling blindness. In blindsight, people with damage to the visual cortex have residual visual sensitivity in a subjectively blind part of the visual field.

This implies that blindsight is active only when one lacks subjective visual qualia, and not in persons with normal eyesight. Michael Hardy 22:19, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This page implies that blindsight is residual visual capabilities in the absence of phenomenal vision. This is too general a description, it has to be associated with damage to V1 (aka primary visual cortex, striate cortex). I'll try to re-write things to reflect this. patrickw 17:08, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Major changes
I have rewritten this entry a great deal. I apologize for not being able to keep more of it, but I am afraid that large parts of it were simply incorrect and misleading. I happy if people want to try to reincorporate parts of the old entry they feel were correct. This entry could be expanded a great deal, but at least the basics are now reasonably accurate. patrickw 18:11, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

complicated
ok this article is complicated to read. i read it and i still don't understand what blindsight is. is it where someone can't "see", but can still exhibit

"without any qualitative experience"
I would suggest to correct "without any qualitative experience" in the intro replacing with "without reporting any qualitative experience".--Pokipsy76 (talk) 11:52, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

V4?
I just added this: "Forms of blindsight can also occur when the damage is not to V1 but to another area of the visual cortex such as V4." with reference: Blind brain `sees' rapid movement, New Scientist 21 September 1996 http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg15120481.300-blind-brain-sees-rapid-movement.html Could a current subscriber please log in and verify that the full article really says this? I seem to remember reading it in the paper copy in 1996 but could not access it to verify my memory is correct. Silas S. Brown (talk) 12:09, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It's best not to rely on "journalism"-style publications such as New Scientist, because they often base their stories on press releases, which often contain an element of "spin". I looked at Pubmed and found that the work you're referring to was published later that year, see ; moreover the full text is freely available.  The abstract shows that some of your details are wrong -- the brain area involved is V5 rather than V4, and V1 actually was damaged.  Had V1 been intact, the  patient probably would not have been blind.  Can you fix it?  Regards, Looie496 (talk) 15:52, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry I seem to have forgotten to reply to this. The statement about V4 is no longer present in the article.  For what it's worth, I actually found a paper copy of the New Scientist news item (7 paragraphs), and yes it was indeed referring to Semir Zeki's research with patient GY, who had a non-functioning V1 but functioning V5.  V4 was not mentioned at all; I don't know what trick my memory was playing on me to make me think it talked about V4 (perhaps I was confusing it with some random chats I had later with neurology students in the canteen).  Incidentally a more recent (2011) paper by Zeki, also mentioning patient GY, is cited in the current version of the article.  I agree popular science magazines are not the best sources (for example I remember when New Scientist reviewed a book called "Reverse Time Travel" by Barry Chapman and the review completely missed the fact that one of the book's main calculations somehow forgot to account for the Lorentz factor in relativistic momentum) but I suppose any source is better than none as a starting point to be improved on.  I'm glad the article is better now though. Silas S. Brown (email, talk) 16:40, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

Rehan
I have met a blind person who touches a piece of cloth and able to exactly tell the color of that cloth even if the cloth is multicolor. Unfortunately that person is no more alive. I think it is also some form of same blindsight. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.71.65.0 (talk) 16:45, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * There are stories about people like that, not scientifically substantiated as far as I know, but in any case the word "blindsight" probably wouldn't be used to describe them -- it has a more specific meaning. Looie496 (talk) 17:38, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Neuroplasticity
I believe the role of Neuroplasticity (or "neural plasticity") is central to this phenomenon, but is not specifically noted (although implied). Comments? ~E 74.60.29.141 (talk) 19:53, 31 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I.e.: via the superior colliculus ~E 23:42, 3 September 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.60.29.141 (talk)
 * It's not clear to me why a role for the superior colliculus would imply neuroplasticity. Looie496 ([[User

talk:Looie496|talk]]) 03:02, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

Causation of blindsight
Where I appreciate the information listed under the section entitled Theories of Causation, I will be taking it one step further and explore the what happened to an indivudual that is now suffereing from blindsight. I would like to take it past the normal internal damage to better understand blindsight.

Lkrojack (talk) 00:34, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

 * What you have done appears to violate WP:NOR, specifically WP:SYN. I have tagged accordingly to warn readers until resolved. — TimL • talk 19:18, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

Plan for future improvements and brief summary of additions
To improve the quality of this article I intend to add a section on different human case studies that concern blindsight. In addition to the information in the summary I'll provide below I also intend to add a more detailed breakdown of the different functions of vision and the dissociation of them from other visual functions as outlined in Petra Stoerig's study on different varieties of vision done in 1996. I will also add analytical summaries of other major studies conducted in regards to blindsight. Summary of future changes: Blindsight was first discovered in animals, however there have been multiple studies done on blindsight in humans. Researchers first delved into what would become the study of blindsight when it was observed that monkeys that have had their primary visual cortex removed could still seemingly discern shape, spatial location, and movement to some extent (Weiskrantz, 2007). Humans however have appeared to lose their sense of sight entirely when the visual cortex was damaged. But, researchers were able to show that human blindsight sufferers did exhibit some amount of unconscious visual recognition when they were tested using the same techniques that the researchers who studied blindsight in animals used (Weiskrantz, 2007). Researchers applied the same type of tests that were used to study blindsight in animals to a patient referred to as DB. The normal techniques that were used to assess visual acuity in humans involved asking them to verbally describe some visually recognizable aspect of an object or objects. DB was given forced-choice tasks to complete instead. This meant that even if he or she wasn’t visually conscious of the presence, location, or shape of an object they still had to attempt to guess regardless. The results of DB’s guesses—if one would even refer to them as such—showed that DB was able to determine shape and detect movement at some unconscious level, despite not being visually aware of this. DB themselves chalked up the accuracy of their guesses to be merely coincidental (Weiskrantz, 2007). The discovery of the condition known as blindsight raised questions about how different types of visual information, even unconscious information, may be affected and sometimes even unaffected by damage to different areas of the visual cortex (Stoerig, 1996). Previous studies had already demonstrated that even without conscious awareness of visual stimuli that humans could still determine certain visual features such as presence in the visual field, shape, orientation and movement (Weiskrantz, 2007). But, in a newer study evidence showed that if the damage to the visual cortex is done in areas above the primary visual cortex the conscious awareness of visual stimuli itself is not damaged (Stoerig, 1996). Blindsight is a phenomenon that shows that even when the primary visual cortex is damaged or removed a person can still perform actions guided by unconscious visual information. So even when damage is done to the area necessary for conscious awareness of visual information, other functions of the processing of these visual percepts are still available to the individual (Weiskrantz, 2007). The same also goes for damage to other areas of the visual cortex. If an area of the cortex that is responsible for a certain function is damaged it will only result in the loss of that particular function or aspect, functions that other parts of the visual cortex are responsible for remain intact (Stoerig, 1996). Jdelacour (talk) 19:26, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Blindsight


text:
The Best of Bowie

The Best of Bowie is a compilation album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 1980 by K-tel. The cover was based on the 12-inch single sleeve design of Bowie's "Fashion". It made No. 3 in the UK Albums Chart.

In addition to including the rare 7" edits of "Fame" and "Golden Years", the compilation contains unique edits of "Life on Mars?" and "Diamond Dogs", ostensibly to allow all 16 tracks to fit on one LP. Early copies of the LP had a sticker on the back cover showing the track listing. If the sticker was removed, the original track listing could be seen, showing "Drive-In Saturday" (from Aladdin Sane, 1973) as track 7 in place of the live version of "Breaking Glass", which explains the latter's appearance out of chronological sequence here.

Track listing
All songs written by David Bowie, except where noted.

 * Side one
 * 1) "Space Oddity" – 5:07
 * 2) "Life on Mars?" (K-tel edit) – 3:34
 * 3) "Starman" – 4:07
 * 4) "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" – 2:56
 * 5) "John, I'm Only Dancing" (Sax version) – 2:37
 * 6) "The Jean Genie" – 4:03
 * 7) "Breaking Glass" (Live from Stage) (Bowie, Dennis Davis, George Murray) – 3:27
 * 8) "Sorrow" (Bob Feldman, Jerry Goldstein, Richard Gottehrer) – 2:51

 * Side two
 * 1) "Diamond Dogs" (K-tel edit) – 4:36
 * 2) "Young Americans" – 5:05
 * 3) "Fame" (Edit) (Bowie, John Lennon, Carlos Alomar) – 3:25
 * 4) "Golden Years" (Edit) – 3:20
 * 5) "TVC 15" (Edit) – 3:28
 * 6) "Sound and Vision" – 3:00
 * 7) ""Heroes"" (Edit) (Bowie, Brian Eno) – 3:26
 * 8) "Boys Keep Swinging" (Bowie, Eno) – 3:15

title: The Best of Bowie


text: User talk:69.203.207.56

title: User talk:69.203.207.56


text: User talk:138.77.2.131

title: User talk:138.77.2.131


text:
Puerto Varas

Puerto Varas, also known as "La Ciudad De Las Rosas" or “The City Of Roses”, is a city and commune located in the southern Chilean province of Llanquihue, in the Los Lagos Region.

The city is famous for its German traditions, its natural environment, and its popularity as a tourist destination. It enjoys a scenic location close to mountains, lakes, forests and national parks. It is located 20 km from the city of Puerto Montt on the shore of Llanquihue Lake, the second largest lake in Chile. The conical Osorno Volcano and the snowcapped peaks of Mt. Calbuco and Mt.Tronador are clearly visible from the lakefront. Puerto Varas is the southernmost of a string of towns on the western shore of Llanquihue Lake that includes Frutillar, Llanquihue and Puerto Octay. It spans an area of 4064.9 sqkm.

History
The origin of the city of Puerto Varas dates to 1853 and is named after Antonio Varas, the Minister of the Interior at the time. It was founded by German immigrants who settled the shores of Lake Llanquihue as part of a government colonization project during the presidency of Manuel Montt (1851-1861).

The area known as the "Llanquihue Lake Colonization Territory" was created by the government on 27 June 1853, and by the end of 1853, the first 212 German families had immigrated to what would be Puerto Varas.

The first area to be settled was known as La Fabrica, where the road from Puerto Montt and the coast reached Llanquihue Lake. Other landmarks in its early history include the opening of a Catholic church in 1872 and the founding of the Deutscher Verein ("German Club") in 1885. The town received official status in the form of a Título de Villa ("Town Certification") in 1897. The commune of Puerto Varas, as it exists today, was formed in December 1925, when the Ministry of the Interior divided the country into provinces, and communes.

Demographics
According to population projections from Chile’s National Statistics Institute, in 2012 the commune of Puerto Varas had 41,255 inhabitants (21,093 men and 20,162 women). The population had increased by 25% since the 2002 census.

Architecture
Puerto Varas is characterized by traditional German architecture, with houses built from alerce wood using tools brought over from Europe by the 19th century colonial inhabitants. It was designated a Zona Típica (heritage zone) in 1992 and has a number of protected buildings, including the Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón de Jesus (Sacred Heart of Jesus Church). Built in 1918 on one of the highest points in Puerto Varas, the wooden church is one of the city’s iconic landmarks. Other notable protected structures include Casa Kuschel (1915) and Casa Yunge (1932).

Culture
Cultural institutions in Puerto Varas include the Antonio Felmer Museum, the Molino Machmar Art Centre, the Nativo Bosque Gallery and the Pablo Fierro Museum. Nearby Frutillar hosts the annual Frutillar Musical Weeks in January and February.

Cuisine
Puerto Varas is known for traditional German dishes, especially Kuchen, which is celebrated on the annual Kuchen Day on the first Saturday of February. Craft beers, pastries, cakes, chocolate and marmalades can also be found in the town’s shops, restaurants and cafes.

Tourism
Puerto Varas is a popular tourist destination with its distinctive German-inspired architecture, wide variety of hotels and inns, a casino, a beach and striking views over the lake to the Osorno and Calbuco volcanoes.

Visitors can take part in a range of outdoor sports including kayaking, fishing and trekking, and there is a winter ski centre on the slopes of Osorno Volcano. It is a good base for excursions to nearby natural landmarks including the emerald Todos los Santos Lake, the picturesque Petrohué Falls (Spanish: Saltos de Petrohué), Vicente Pérez Rosales National Park and Puyehue National Park as well as Osorno Volcano. Trips are also possible to other towns around Llanquihue Lake including Frutillar, Puerto Octay and Llanquihue.

Puerto Varas is the starting point for bus-and-boat crossings of the Andes, through spectacular forested mountains reflected in shimmering lakes, to San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. The trip is best made west to east with an overnight at a hotel in the midst of the wilderness.

Education
International schools
 * Instituto Aleman Puerto Varas

Transportation
The nearby El Tepual International Airport for Puerto Montt is served by many daily non-stop flights from Santiago, as well as numerous flights from other cities. More than 1,100,000 passengers a year use the airport.

Administration
As a commune, Puerto Varas is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2012–2016 alcalde is Álvaro Berger Schmidt (PS).

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Puerto Varas is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Fidel Espinoza (PS) and Felipe DeMussy Hiriart (UDI). It is part of the 56th electoral district, together with Puyehue, Río Negro, Purranque, Puerto Octay, Fresia, Frutillar, Llanquihue and Los Muermos. The commune is represented in the Senate by Rabindranath Quinteros (PS) and Iván Moreira (UDI) as part of the 17th senatorial constituency (Los Lagos Region).

Climate
Puerto Varas has an oceanic climate (Cfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average annual precipitation of 1762 mm. Summers are mild and winters are rainy and somewhat chilly.

title: Puerto Varas


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ /rupture

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus, sad to say. :) Woohookitty 07:39, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

DJ /rupture
Vanity. Gwk 22:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Themindset 22:49, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "Special Gunpowder" was on several magazines' and music sites best album lists for last year, and a quick Google confirms that he's well known. JZ 23:25, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per above, Google has many hits and the artist clearly has a following of sufficient quantity to be notable. --Stevefarrell 23:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: A Google search with quotes returns 75,000 results. Seems notable enough. --  CABHAN   TALK   CONTRIBS  23:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete self promotion. JamesBurns 06:44, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Googling also reveals that he's toured internationally (large parts of Europe), which explicitly meets the criteria for notability. JZ 18:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Reliant Regal

The Reliant Regal is a small three-wheeled car and van that was manufactured from 1952 to 1973 by the Reliant Motor Company in Tamworth, England, replacing the earlier Reliant Regent three-wheeled cyclecar van which had its origins in a design bought by Reliant from the Raleigh Bicycle Company. As a three-wheeled vehicle having a lightweight (under 7 cwt, 355.6 kg) construction, under UK law it is considered a "tricycle" and can be driven on a full (class A) motorcycle licence. In 1962, with the release of the Reliant Regal 3/25, van and estate versions with a side-hinged rear door were marketed as the Reliant Supervan.

History
Following the launch of the Mk I in 1953, the Regal passed through many revisions in a short period, with the "first generation" using the original wooden frame and discrete-panel bodywork design through to the 1961 Mk VI. The Mk II was introduced in 1954 with a mostly similar design to the Mk1, though it can be distinguished by an updated windshield. The Mk III was introduced in 1956 with a heavily updated design and featured an all-fibreglass body for the first time. This was followed by the Mk IV in 1958, the Mk V in 1959 and the Mk VI in 1960.

In 1962, Reliant introduced the Mk VII, code named "TW7" (Three Wheeler 7). This version featured a new OHV Reliant engine (based on a reverse-engineered all-alloy version of the 803cc Standard SC engine used in the discontinued Standard Eight ), a new steel chassis and bonded shell design for the body, fully updated visual styling, and was badged based on their number of wheels/bhp. The Regal 3/25, was sold from 1962 to 1968, with a 600cc engine produced 25 bhp (actually 598cc/24 bhp). In 1969, the Regal 3/30 was introduced with a 700cc engine that produced 30 bhp (actually 701cc / 29 bhp). The Regal 21E and Regal 21E 700 were also sold. The 21E version was fitted with 21 extras, which were otherwise available as optional extras to the standard car. These extras included a spot light, a fog light, chrome plated bumper over-riders, sun visors, an oil gauge, outer wheel trims and metallic paint. In 1973, the Regal was replaced by the Reliant Robin (code named "TW8").

Regals MkI–MkII had aluminium bodies and 747-cc side-valve engines. However, during the 1950s, the price of aluminium increased markedly across Europe. In response, Reliant developed an expertise in making panels of glass fibre which piece by piece replaced the aluminium panels, until the 1956 Mark 3 Regal featured a wholly glass fibre body. Unlike Panhard, who responded to the increased cost of aluminium by substituting heavier steel panels, Reliant's choice of the glass fibre technology ensured that the Regal was able to retain its advantageous light weight, with the resulting ability to use smaller, lower powered and therefore cheaper and more economical engines. The Regal Mk VI was the last Regal to be powered by a side-valve engine, as by 1962 Reliant had developed their own all aluminium 600 cc OHV engine that was fitted into the new Regal 3/25.

The Regal 3/25 (TW7) version was introduced in October 1962 and was available as a saloon, van, estate and pickup. The estate version was essentially a van (and badged as a Supervan) but with rear side windows and fold down, removable rear seats. Unlike previous Regals, this no longer had a wooden frame and instead had a unitary construction body of reinforced fibreglass. Fibreglass was moulded in two major units (outer and inner) and then bonded together and bolted to a steel chassis. Meanwhile, on 25 April 1968, a year before BMC celebrated their 2,000,000th Mini, Reliant sales director T.H.Scott personally drove the 50,000th Regal 3/25 off the assembly line at Reliant's Tamworth plant.

A few months later, in August 1968, the 701 cc engine introduced in the Reliant Rebel the previous autumn found its way into the Regal. For the three-wheeler, the compression ratio was lowered to 7.5:1, reducing the power to a claimed 29.5 bhp from the Rebel's 35 bhp. Nevertheless, this still represented a useful increase over the 26 bhp claimed for the 600 cc unit which the 701 replaced.

In popular culture
An example of a Supervan III is the iconic yellow van belonging to Del Boy and Rodney Trotter in the long-running BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses. There were several Reliant Supervans used in filming, and many people claim to own genuine screen used vans, but very few have proof.

In another British TV comedy, Mr. Bean, a running gag involves the titular character played by British comedian Rowan Atkinson frequently coming into conflict with a light blue 1972 Reliant Supervan III, which gets tipped over, crashed into, or bumped out of its parking space.

The 2011 Pixar film Cars 2 features a French character named Tomber who is patterned on a Reliant Regal saloon car, with some creative modifications, such as the headlights of a Citroën Ami. His name means "to fall" in French, referring to the reputed instability of three-wheel vehicles.

A Reliant Regal is shown in the closing ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics with it falling apart and Batman and Robin coming out of it, a plot that appeared in an episode of Only Fools and Horses.

title: Reliant Regal


text:
User:Horatiogates

I'm friggen awesome!!!

title: User:Horatiogates


text: Category:Llanquihue Province

title: Category:Llanquihue Province


text:
Dominik Radziwiłł

Dominik Radziwiłł may refer to:

 * Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł (1643–1697), Polish nobleman and politician
 * Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł (1786–1813), Polish nobleman and colonel in the Polish Army
 * Dominik Rainer Radziwiłł (1911-1976), Polish military officer and husband of Princess Eugénie of Greece and Denmark

title: Dominik Radziwiłł


text:
M320 Grenade Launcher Module

M320 Grenade Launcher Module (GLM) is the U.S. military's designation for a new single-shot 40 mm grenade launcher system to replace the M203 for the U.S. Army, while other services initially kept using the older M203. The M320 uses the same High-Low Propulsion System as the M203.

History
In 2004, the Army announced a requirement for a commercial off-the-shelf 40 mm grenade launcher. It had to be more reliable, ergonomic, accurate, and safer than the M203. It had to be able to fire all 40 mm low-velocity grenades but be loaded from the breech to accept future longer projectiles. Heckler & Koch's submission was selected in May 2005.

After the U.S. Army at Picatinny Arsenal conducted a competitive bidding process for a new 40 mm grenade launching system, Heckler & Koch was awarded a contract to provide the XM320 beginning in 2006. The M320 was developed from but is not identical to the Heckler & Koch AG36 (a key distinguishing feature being the addition of a folding foregrip ahead of the trigger for use when the weapon is in stand-alone configuration, a feature the AG36 lacks). The M320 entered production in November 2008.

Fielding of the M320 was planned to begin in February 2009, with 71,600 GLMs planned to phase out the M203 by 2015. The weapon was officially fielded in July 2009 at Fort Bragg by the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division. In June 2017, Bravo Company, 2nd Combat Engineer Battalion became the first U.S. Marine Corps unit to be issued the M320. Following initial experiments, the Marines expect to issue 7,000 launchers between 2019 and 2022.

Design
The M320 has three major parts: a grenade launcher with rifled barrel, Day/Night Sight (DNS) produced by Insight Technology, Inc and a hand held Laser Range Finder (LRF). Some of the benefits are:
 * The M320 can be used in two ways. It can be attached to the M16 assault rifle, CAR-15 carbine, M4 carbine, HK416, or other types of rifles, attaching under the barrel forward of the magazine, or it can be used dismounted with a stock attached as a stand-alone model. A grenadier carrying an M320 with an M4 and three dozen 40 mm grenades will have a total weapon load of 38 lb (17 kg).
 * The Day/Night Sight allows the grenadier to effectively engage the enemy in the dark.

The M320 is based on the earlier Heckler & Koch AG-C, but with some Army-specific modifications. It includes a folding foregrip and shorter barrel for a more compact package. The sights had to be reconfigured to shoot accurately with the slightly different ballistics from the shorter barrel length. The system was supposed to be lighter than the M203 (it is actually slightly heavier) and does not require specific mounting hardware. Breech loading allows the grenadier to load a shell while keeping the sight on target. It weighs 3.57 lb in its base configuration, 3.89 lb with the LRF and electronic sight, and 4.8 lb with the stock attached. The sights on the M320 are located to the side of the launcher, avoiding the problems that the M203 had with its sight design, which were mounted on top of the launcher and could interfere with the rifle's sights, so they had to be attached separately. This meant two separate operations had to be performed when adding the grenade launcher to the weapon, and since the sights were not integral to the M203, they had to be re-zeroed every time the launcher was reattached to the rifle. The LRF helps eliminate range estimation errors common in shots greater than 100 meters, thus increasing first round hit probability.

The M320 can fire all NATO high-explosive, smoke, and illumination grenades. Its breech opens to the side, allowing it to fire a variety of newer rounds which are longer, in particular certain non-lethal rounds, such as Federal Laboratories' "exact impact" (brand name) non-lethal sponge batons or sponge grenades. The M320 operates in double-action mode, with an ambidextrous safety. In case of misfire, the M320 operator merely has to pull the trigger again. The M203 used a single-action mode, which cocks the weapon as the barrel is opened. The M203 operator has to open the barrel by unlocking it and pushing forward to cock the weapon and then re-close the barrel, then pull the trigger again. The problem with this is that in opening the barrel, the grenade is designed to eject and the operator must ensure that it does not fall to the ground.

The M320 is one of two 40 mm grenade launchers capable of firing Pike Missile (developed by Raytheon) without modification—the other being the FN EGLM (Enhanced Grenade Launching Module) developed for the FN SCAR.

Nonetheless, the weapon's introduction was not without criticism:
 * Soldiers complained about switching from the simple, more streamlined M203 to one with more sophisticated attachments (although this could be attributed simply to the change from a long-standing "tried and true" system to a new one). Complaints ranged from the forward grip and sighting system, the pistol grip handle catching on things, and the side loading mechanism. They even criticized its ability to act as a stand-alone launcher, a feature included in response to troops re-acquiring Vietnam-era M79 grenade launchers that supposedly gave better accuracy when fired from the shoulder than if slung under a rifle, although the collapsible stock is somewhat short for the task.

 * The M320 has the ability to fire detached from a rifle. Soldiers have reported difficulties carrying it unmounted, as its one-point sling does not hold it securely. Carrying by the sling would cause it to bounce around and sometimes be dragged through dirt. Soldiers wanted to carry the M320 in a holster to provide protection, rather than just putting it in their rucksack. The Natick Soldier Systems Center began the M320GL Holster Soldier Enhancement Program (SEP) in November 2012. Three commercial vendors produced 167 holsters each. The SEP used the "buy-try-decide" concept, which allows the Army to test the functionality of equipment without spending much time on research and development. Soldiers from the 75th Ranger Regiment were given a dozen holsters and went through standardized tests in mid-May 2013, after which they filled out surveys. The next step was to test them with an entire brigade. As of July 2013, the holsters were being evaluated by soldiers in Afghanistan. Project officials were to make a recommendation to Fort Benning by the beginning of fiscal year 2014.

Users
name="Heckler & Koch M320 GLM (HK AG36) 40mm Single-Shot Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) (2010)"/>
 * 🇨🇦 Canada
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * Kosovo<ref
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary
 * 🇮🇱 Israel
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * 🇳🇴 Norway
 * 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * Ukrainian Ground Forces
 * Ukrainian Marine Corps
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * United States Army
 * United States Marine Corps
 * United States Air Force

Non-State Actors

 * Kachin Independence Army: Uses the KA-0024, a clone of the M320.

title: M320 Grenade Launcher Module


text:
Self in Jungian psychology

The Self in Jungian psychology is a dynamic concept which has undergone numerous modifications since it was first conceptualised as one of the Jungian archetypes.

Historically, the Self, according to Carl Jung, signifies the unification of consciousness and unconsciousness in a person, and representing the psyche as a whole. It is realized as the product of individuation, which in his view is the process of integrating various aspects of one's personality. For Jung, the Self is an encompassing whole which acts as a container. It could be symbolized by a circle, a square, or a mandala.

Two center hypothesis
The idea that there are two centers of the personality distinguished Jungian psychology at one time. The ego has been seen as the center of consciousness, whereas the Self is defined as the center of the total personality, which includes consciousness, the unconscious, and the ego; the Self is both the whole and the center. While the ego is a self-contained center of the circle contained within the whole, the Self can be understood as the greater circle.

Emergence of the Self
Jung considered that from birth every individual has an original sense of wholeness—of the Self—but that with development a separate ego-consciousness crystallizes out of the original feeling of unity. This process of ego-differentiation provides the task of the first half of one's life-course, though Jungians also saw psychic health as depending on a periodic return to the sense of Self, something facilitated by the use of myths, initiation ceremonies, and rites of passage.

Return to the Self: individuation
Once ego-differentiation had been more or less successfully achieved and the individual is somewhat anchored in the external world, Jung considered that a new task then arose for the second half of life - a return to, and conscious rediscovery of, the Self: individuation. Marie-Louise von Franz states that "The actual processes of individuation - the conscious coming-to-terms with one's own inner center (psychic nucleus) or Self - generally begins with a wounding of the personality". The ego reaches an impasse of one sort or another; and has to turn for help to what she termed "a sort of hidden regulating or directing tendency...[an] organizing center" in the personality: "Jung called this center the 'Self' and described it as the totality of the whole psyche, in order to distinguish it from the 'ego', which constitutes only a small part of the psyche".

Under the Self's guidance, a succession of archetypal images emerges, gradually bringing their fragmentary aspects of the Self increasingly closer to its totality. The first to appear, and the closest to the ego, would be the shadow or personal unconscious - something which is at the same time the first representation of the total personality, and which may indeed be at times conflated with the Self. Next to appear would be the Anima and Animus, the soul-image, which may be taken as symbolising the whole Self. Ideally however, the animus or anima comes into play in a mediating role between the ego and the Self. The third main archetype to emerge is the Mana figure of the wise old man/woman - a representative of the collective unconscious akin to the Self.

Thereafter comes the archetype of the Self itself - the last point on the route to self-realization of individuation. In Jung's words, "the Self...embraces ego-consciousness, shadow, anima, and collective unconscious in indeterminable extension. As a totality, the self is a coincidentia oppositorum; it is therefore bright and dark and yet neither". Alternatively, he stated that "the Self is the total, timeless man...who stands for the mutual integration of conscious and unconscious". Jung recognized many dream images as representing the self, including a stone, the world tree, an elephant, and the Christ.

Perils of the Self
Von Franz considered that "the dark side of the Self is the most dangerous thing of all, precisely because the Self is the greatest power in the psyche. It can cause people to 'spin' megalomanic or fall into other delusionary fantasies that catch them up", so that the subject "thinks with mounting excitement" that he has grasped the great cosmic riddles. He therefore risks losing all touch with human reality.

In everyday life, aspects of the Self may be projected onto outside figures or concepts such as the state, God, the universe or fate. When such projections are withdrawn, there can be a destructive inflation of the personality - one potential counterbalance to this being however the social or collective aspects of the Self.

Evolution of the Jungian concept of Self
Young-Eisendrath and Hall write that 'in Jung's work, self can refer to the notion of inherent subjective individuality, the idea of an abstract center or central ordering principle, and the account of a process developing over time'.

In 1947 Michael Fordham proposed a distinct theory of the primary self to describe the state of the psyche of neonates, characterised by homeostasis, or 'steady state' in his words, where self and other (usually the mother) are undifferentiated. It predicates that there is no distinction between the internal and external world, and there are as yet no different components in the internal world. Fordham derived his hypothesis partly from the Jungian concept of the archetype of the self, and the psychoanalytic idea of internal 'objects'. The primary self, taken as the original totality of each person, with its 'archetypal' tendencies to develop aspects, such as language, complexes etc., enters into relation with the external world through a continuous dual process of de-integration and re-integration, a process said to be characteristic of the first half of life.

Redfearn, for instance, who has also synthesised the classical archetypal theory with a developmental view based on years of clinical observation, sees the self as probably consisting of a range of subpersonalities over a lifetime.

According to Peter Fonagy the connections between "post-Freudians" and "post-Jungians" have been further strengthened after the advent of contemporary neuroscience in this connection, as outlined in his foreword to Jean Knox's update on the "formation of internal working models", which he describes as a milestone.

Objection
Fritz Perls objected that 'many psychologists like to write the self with a capital S, as if the self would be something precious, something extraordinarily valuable. They go at the discovery of the self like a treasure-digging. The self means nothing but this thing as it is defined by otherness'.

title: Self in Jungian psychology


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User talk:WalkingSnake

Welcome!
Hello, WalkingSnake, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  22:28, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

Image Tagging Image:Cast small.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cast small.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Wtvw2005.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Wtvw2005.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Orphaned non-free image (File:Wtvw2005.jpg)
 Thanks for uploading File:Wtvw2005.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:WalkingSnake


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User talk:WikiKangaroo

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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Redwolf24

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title: User talk:WikiKangaroo


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File:CarolynRoomView.jpg

summary
Carolyn Dawn Johnson on the cover of her album.

Fair use in Room with a View (Album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:CarolynRoomView.jpg


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Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Employee benefits

Employee benefits

 * Nominated on 22:30, July 15, 2005 (UTC); needs 5 votes by July 22.

This article is about a concept that has so much potential. We owe the article lots more than what is there, which isnt much at ALL!

Support:
 * 1) Naha|(talk) 22:30, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Fenice 06:40, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Howrealisreal 17:14, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:43, July 20, 2005 (UTC)


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Talk:National Honor Society

broken link
The reference link to the about us page is broken. I don't have time to update the article, but if anyone is interested in NHS, look over the NHS site, and please update everything.

The new site appears to be at http://www.nhs.us/s_nhs/sec.asp?CID=126&DID=5270

Scam?
Shouldn't there be some mention of the speculation that this is a scam? Lenoxus 17:43, 28 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you know what you're talking about? How can this be a scam if they don't take your money?TheKid 00:30, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
 * No, no, I think you're confused. NHS isn't a scam, the National Honor ROLL, however, is. See National Honor Roll Scam
 * That's the reason I came here, by the way. Does anyone think it should be mentioned that the NHS is easily confused with the NHR? Or ist that too small of a detail?Teh darkcloud 23:45, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It probably should not be noted since it is not a notable and cited piece of information.  Darthgriz  9  8  00:12, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * All right, thanks for answering my questions. Indeed, it was the "roll" I was thinking of (I got a letter from them way back when I wrote that comment). And I agree that mentioning the other one would make little more sense than, say, "Janis Joplin the musician should not be confused with the Squaresville-based con artist of the same name."--Lenoxus 01:18, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

4-7-07: Updates to this article have been made using correct information from the national website of NHS and NJHS. Posting the copyrighted image of NHS logo without permission is prohibited.

Recent edits
Recent edits seem to be copied right from any of several locations (click link for one snip of the revision searched on google). I have reverted it to an earlier version that was not a copyright violation. Please do not recopy this again. -- Will Mak  050389  01:57, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

4/8/07 - Edits to this article (on 4/8/07) have been made by the national office of NHS in Reston, Virginia and posted here to give readers accurate information about both NHS and NJHS. Use of the NHS emblem (contained in the earlier versions) on this site is not permitted and should not be reposted. The earlier versions also contain mutiple errors in facts about NHS and have been corrected again as of 4-8-07. To verify the facts and permission of these edits please contact the national office.67.130.47.130 20:53, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem we have is that this article is now a direct copy from the website. I am not going to revert the article, but we need to solve this dispute. If the old revision had errors, you could correct them without copy and pasting the website information. Also, if you believe that the image is not allowed to be used, go to the page of the image and request its deletion. -- Will Mak  050389  21:25, 8 March 2007 (UTC)
 * A note to the national office of NHS: editing your own articles, may you be a corporation, program, or if the article is a biography of yourself is seen as a potential conflict of interest and is widely discouraged on Wikipedia, even if your actions are well intentioned.  Darth  griz 98 23:39, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

We weren't aware that posting information from our website constituted a conflict of interest. The only intent was to correct the information posted previously and to remove the NHS emblem, which was posted without permission, not to promote NHS. I will correct the errors in the content that exist in the current article, without copying directly from the website. Please do not repost the NHS emblem.67.130.47.130 18:37, 9 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is an encyclopedic effort, we will not post your emblem unless it is a free image, but since your organization has specifically requested that we not post it then it won't be. But, please do not turn the article into an advert which is what it reads like now.  Bold print and disclaimers do not belong on encyclopedia articles.  For instance, read Girl Scouts of the USA as an example of an organization's Wikipedia article.  But the changes you have made are going to have to be re-written greatly, but your website can be cited as an in-article source.  But copyright violations,  like the copy paste job done here are very much frowned upon. It also may be best if you just not edit the article or bring up any changes that might be made on the talk page as per WP:COI.  Darth  griz 98 15:00, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

4/9/07: Thank you for your attention to the edits and corrections. Again, the intent was not to advertise NHS in anyway, but to give readers accurate information about the Honor Societies because what was previously listed was factually incorrect. Thanks again.67.130.47.130 18:38, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

This isn't the place for your organization to be spreading its propaganda. This article was once a lot more informative, but since your intrepid crusade, it seems the article has grown to be completely devoid of substance. I say as Wikipedians we need to boldly resist the efforts of these self-appointed thought police to regulate information.74.67.228.2 03:20, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Nhs logo3G.gif
Image:Nhs logo3G.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:34, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Controversy Section
Something for consideration might be the addition of a controversy section to this page. One in particular that comes to mind is the process for selecting members. I have known qualified people who were not accepted even after they filled out all necessary paperwork and met the requirements because the review panel did not accept them. There has to be other examples of controversies as well. We just need to make sure this section would conform to WP:NPOV and be sourced.Bradkoch2007 01:14, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Criticism
The controversy over selection is good, however there is criticism to just the idea of this sort of "recognition" organization. Some would say that it breeds elitism/egotism, people only join to use it as a merit for college applications, and that its community service requirements serve no purpose except to fabricate the idea that NHS actually serves a legitimate purpose. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.46.120.128 (talk) 03:35, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Didn't get in, did you? ;-) Krakatoa  Katie  16:54, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Most school chapters around the US have the same selection process, however, certain areas only use the application as a means of judging candidates for membership. There is a large void for "exaggeration" on these applications and there is nothing besides the application and the council's biased or non-biased opinions to shape the decision of whether a member is accepted. Hypothetically, one teacher out of a council of five might be the only one that knows a student, may have an unfounded bias against them, and influence the rest of the unbiased council's opinion. Most volunteer hours are not even looked into for questioning as long as a signature is provided.

Controversy
Should the controversy section be removed completely perhaps? I don't know if one incident from one high school over 20 years ago is a fair example. The information is arguably outdated.71.34.11.176 (talk) 20:38, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree. I deleted the section after following the reference and realizing that nothing was provided that mentioned NHS. If someone could find a source that shows that this incident was NHS related AND was relevant to the organization as a whole, rather than being an isolated incident at a single chapter, then it could be included. Lord Manwe (talk) 19:57, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

Primary source tagging
As far as references go, this article is entirely reliant on primary sources. In fact, most of this is taken from the NHS About Us page, sometimes even word-for-word. I don't know of any secondary sources that might be applicable to this, so I'm going to leave it tagged for now unless there are any objections. RAN1 (talk) 08:31, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

Copyvio
This entire article seems to be copyvio, linking to Copyright problems/2013 June 7 for reference. --RAN1 (talk) 20:45, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Is the reference to Maranatha High School appropriate?
Is the following text appropriate for this article? "over 50 of them coming from Maranatha High School" To me, it looks like vandalism. The text was added on 2015 February 2. Mecanoge (talk) 08:19, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Confusion with other honor societies
As a member of the "Golden Key National Honor Society" myself (which I became while attending an American university), I initially thought this Wikipedia article was wrong when stating it is for Highschool. It took a while before I realized that the "Golden Key National Honor Society" is not the same as the "National Honor Society". In addition, there is also the "Golden Key International Honour Society" (notice the word "International" as well as the British English spelling of "Honour"). I may have only scratched the surface here. Are there other such societies with almost identical names? Regardless, it may possibly be a good idea to somehow state in the article something like, "not to be confuse with [society X or society Y]". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:3B8:1001:AAAA:D0C8:32F7:670C:29B5 (talk) 21:43, 24 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Honor Society


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Numismatic Guaranty Company

Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC) is an international third-party coin grading and certification service based in Sarasota, Florida. It has certified more than 60 million coins. NGC certification consists of authentication, grading, attribution, and encapsulation in clear plastic holders. NGC is a subsidiary of Certified Collectibles Group (CCG), which owns six collectible certification services and is in turn owned by Blackstone, a multibillion-dollar New York City hedge fund.

History
NGC was founded in 1987 in Parsippany, N.J. by John Albanese, who also founded Professional Coin Grading Service. A majority stake was later purchased by coin dealer Mark Salzberg. Along with CEO Steven Eichenbaum, Salzberg owns the CDN Greysheet, a price guide for coins similar to the Kelley Blue Book. NGC commenced operations at its new location in Sarasota, Florida in 2002. In 2006, NGC relocated to a 60,000-square-foot secure building that also houses its CCG-owned sister companies, including Numismatic Conservation Services (NCS), Paper Money Guaranty (PMG), Certified Guaranty Company (CGC), Certified Sports Guaranty (CSG), and Classic Collectible Services (CCS). In 2008, ancient coin certification began (NGC Ancients). NGC has other locations in Hong Kong, China; Shanghai, China; Munich, Germany; and London, United Kingdom. In 2021 Certified Collectibles Group was acquired by Blackstone. Also in 2021, owner Mark Salzberg's son Andrew (formerly of ModernCoinMart) was appointed Executive Vice President of NGC.

Claimed endorsements
In 1995, NGC was named the official grading service of the ANA, though this is purely for marketing purposes as the ANA does not encapsulate coins in its collection, and those that are encapsulated are a mix of donated coins by different services including rivals such as PCGS.

In 2004, NGC became the approved grading service of the PNG. Similar to the ANA affiliation, this can be misleading as PNG dealers do not exclusively sell or endorse coins graded by NGC.

NGC certification
NGC certifies most US, world, and ancient coins, tokens, and medals. The certification process consists of authentication, grading, attribution, and encapsulation in plastic holders or Coin slabs. Certification fees are tiered according to value, turnaround times, and extra services. NGC has certified over 50 million coins. NGC certification offers significant protection against counterfeiting, misattribution, overgrading, and damage, but does not necessarily determine exact value. Even within the same grade, coins can have widely differing values. In the May 26, 2003 edition of Coin World, the hobby newspaper had announced they had contracted investigators to conduct a year-long, comparative study of PCGS, ACCGS, and NGC, along with several other grading services, each known as Third Party Grader (TPG). In their investigation, Coin World sent the same coins to each grading service over the course of a year, each coin being graded by all Third Party Graders it was sent to. They found that "In no case did the grading services agree on the grade of any given coin, and in some cases the difference in grading was as much as seven points off".

The NGC grading scale is based on the 70-point Sheldon coin grading scale. Strike designations include Prooflike and Deep Prooflike for circulation issue coins and Cameo and Ultra Cameo for Proof coins. Coins deemed high-end for their particular numeric grade receive a "Plus" designation. Coins considered attractive get a "Star" moniker. Cleaned, scratched, or otherwise impaired coins can be encapsulated and assigned a verbal "details" grade, but not a numerical one. Additional information is also given for graded and labeled mules and mint errors, specifying the particular error in addition to a numerical grade.

NGC has used EdgeView Holders since 2007 for the Presidential Dollar series and for all other coins since 2008. Since 2009, a scratch-resistant holder coating, similar to that used on eyeglass lenses, has been employed. NGC offers Oversize holders for coins larger than 45 mm and up to 120 mm, and Mega holders for coins larger than 120 mm and up to 180 mm. NGC's label lists a coin's denomination, variety, grade, pedigree, serial number, and other info.

Online research tools
NGC Cert Lookup verifies all NGC-certified coins and helps combat holder counterfeiting. Using the label serial number, NGC will reveal a coin's date, denomination, grade, photo (if any), and pricing and Census info. NGC Coin Explorer lists key info about many coin issues, such as mintages and values. The NGC Census reports how many examples of each issue NGC has certified by grade, which helps determine relative rarity. Census figures are often falsely inflated due to resubmissions of the same coins. NGC Coin Price Guide lists pricing data for most US coin (and some modern Chinese) issues. NGC Auction Central reports auction prices realized.

title: Numismatic Guaranty Company