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Yuan Zhen

Yuan Zhen (779 – September 2, 831 ), courtesy name Weizhi (微之), was a Chinese novelist, poet, and politician of the middle Tang dynasty. In prose literature, Yuan Zhen is particularly known for his work Yingying's Biography, which has often been adapted for other treatments, including operatic and musical ones. In poetry, he is remembered for the inclusion of some of his poems by popular anthologies, his verses on exotic topics (such as the former Liangzhou), and for being part of the group of "New Yuefu" poets, which often used poetry as a form of expression and protest, but one potentially subtle enough to avoid the likely repercussions of more direct criticism. The poetic circle in which Yuan Zhen was involved included Bai Juyi, among others. Politically Yuan Zhen was briefly chancellor, during the reign of Emperor Muzong.

A native of Luoyang, Yuan Zhen was a descendant of Northern Wei's imperial family. He lost his father at the age of seven and moved to Fengxiang (鳳翔), near today's Baoji, Shaanxi with his mother Lady Zheng (鄭氏). Yuan began his writings at the age of fifteen. He was a member of Bai Juyi's literary circle and a key figure in the ancient literature revival. He was a friend of Bai Juyi and also of Xue Tao, a Gējì and famous poet who might have been his lover. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen made a "Green Mountain pact" to retire together as Taoist recluses once they had accumulated enough funds, but Yuan's untimely death kept them from achieving that dream. In 813, Yuan wrote a grave inscription for Du Fu, which contains some of the earliest known praise for his predecessor's works.

Background
Yuan Zhen was born in 779, around the time of Emperor Dezong's ascension to the throne. He was a 10th-generation descendant of Tuoba Shiyijian, the grandfather of Northern Wei's founder Emperor Daowu, who was posthumously honored Emperor Zhaocheng after Northern Wei's founding. Yuan Zhen's male ancestor line was renamed Yuan, from Tuoba, when Emperor Xiaowen changed Xianbei names to Han names in 496. Subsequently, ancestors of Yuan Zhen's served as officials of the Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty. His grandfather Yuan Fei (元悱) served as a county secretary general, while his father Yuan Kuan (元寬) served as a low-level official at the ministry of justice, as well as secretary to an imperial prince.

Yuan Kuan died when Yuan Zhen was seven, and Yuan Zhen was raised by his mother Lady Zheng, who was considered an intelligent woman. As the household was poor, she did not send Yuan Zhen to school, but taught him to read and write herself. It was said that Yuan became capable of writing at age eight, and at age 14 passed the imperial examination for understanding two Confucian classics. At age 23, he was made a copyeditor at the Palace Library.

During Emperor Xianzong's reign
In 806, when Yuan Zhen was 27, during the reign of Emperor Dezong's grandson Emperor Xianzong, Yuan underwent a special imperial examination before Emperor Xianzong dealing with strategic thinking, and when the list of 18 examinees who passed the examination was announced, Yuan was ranked first — in a group that included such individuals as Bai Juyi, Dugu Yu (獨孤郁), Xiao Mian, and Shen Chuanshi (沈傳師). As a result, Yuan was made You Shiyi (右拾遺), a junior advisor at the legislative bureau of government (中書省).

Yuan had an outspoken personality, and after being put into an advisorial post, he started submitting suggestions to Emperor Xianzong. In particular, because the officials Wang Shuwen and Wang Pi, who dominated the court of Emperor Xianzong's father Emperor Shunzong — who had previously served as Emperor Shunzong's staff members while Emperor Shunzong was crown prince — were at that time denounced as frivolous and power-hungry, Yuan submitted an essay detailing what he saw as qualifications that the crown prince's and other imperial princes' staff members should have, and Emperor Xianzong was impressed upon reading it. Yuan further submitted proposals involving the defense of the northwestern borders with Tufan and Huigu. Emperor Xianzong, in response, summoned him and requested opinions on strategies to take there. As a result, though, the ruling officials at the time were jealous of Yuan, and they had him sent out of the capital Chang'an to serve as the sheriff of Henan County (河南), one of the two counties making up the eastern capital Luoyang. Yuan subsequently left governmental service for some time while observing a mourning period after his mother's death. Once the mourning period was over, he was recalled to governmental service, to serve as Jiancha Yushi (監察御史), a mid-level imperial censor.

In 809, Yuan was on a mission to Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan), when he submitted accusations that the deceased former military governor (Jiedushi) of Dongchuan, Yan Li (嚴礪), had collected taxes illegally and improperly seized the property of 88 households. As a result, the seven prefectural prefects who served under Yan were all punished. However, among the ruling officials, there were those who had deep friendships with Yan, and as a result of this incident, Yuan was sent out of the capital to serve at Dongtai (东台), the Luoyang branch of the office of the imperial censors. While at Luoyang, he continued to pursue various officials for misconduct, including the caning of a county magistrate by the governor of Zhexi Circuit (浙西, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), Han Gao (韓皐), leading to the magistrate's death, and the improper use of imperial messenger posts by the military governor of Wuning Circuit (武寧, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), Wang Shao (王紹), to host the casket of the recently deceased eunuch monitor of the Wuning army. Meanwhile, when the mayor of Henan Municipality (i.e., the Luoyang region, not only the two counties), Fang Shi (房式), was accused of improper conduct, Yuan issued an order suspending Fang from office pending investigations. However, after investigations, Fang was only punished by being stripped of one month of salary, and Yuan was recalled to Chang'an. While stopping at the imperial messenger post at Fushui (敷水, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi), Yuan got into a dispute with an imperial eunuch messenger — variously reported as either Liu Shiyuan (劉士元) (by the Old Book of Tang) or Qiu Shiliang (by the New Book of Tang), in which the eunuch, as a result of the dispute, hit Yuan's face and injured him — Emperor Xianzong ruled that Yuan had overstepped his authorities as censor and demoted him to serve as the logistics officer at Jiangling Municipality (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei), despite defenses submitted on his behalf by Li Jiang, Cui Qun, and Bai.

While at Jiangling, Yuan wrote many poems, and his style and Bai's were both popular and referred by the populace as Yuanhe Style (元和體) — Yuanhe being Emperor Xianzong's era name. The eunuch monitor of Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered at Jiangling), Cui Tanjun (崔潭峻), was impressed by Yuan's talents and did not treat him as a subordinate, but rather with great respect; he also often collected Yuan's poems and recited them. Meanwhile, sometime thereafter, Yuan was made the military advisor to the prefect of Tong Prefecture (通州, in modern Nantong, Jiangsu), while Bai was made the military governor of Jiang Prefecture (江州, in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi). Despite the distance between the two, they often wrote poems to each other, which often ran 30 to 50 lines, sometimes up to 100 lines. The people of the Yangtze River region became impressed by their poems and often read and studied them. Many of Yuan's poems showed his sadness at being exiled from the capital.

In 819, by which time Yuan was serving as the secretary general of Guo Prefecture (虢州, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan), he was recalled to Chang'an to serve as Shanbu Yuanwailang (膳部員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部, Libu). Then-chancellor Linghu Chu, himself a talented writer, had long been impressed by Yuan's literary abilities, requested that he submit his writings to Linghu. Yuan did so, and the writings impressed LInghu greatly, comparing him to the Liu Song dynasty poets Bao Zhao (鮑照) and Xie Lingyun. Meanwhile, Emperor Xianzong's son and crown prince Li Heng, who had heard his concubines recite Yuan's poetry and referring to Yuan as "Savant Yuan" (元才子), was impressed.

During Emperor Muzong's and Emperor Jingzong's reigns
In 820, by which time Li Heng was emperor (as Emperor Muzong), Cui Tanjun was recalled to Chang'an, and he offered to Emperor Muzong, as a gift, a collection of over 100 poems by Yuan Zhen. Emperor Muzong was pleased, and asked Cui where Yuan was at that point, and Cui replied that Yuan was serving in an office lacking authority. That same day, Emperor Muzong promoted Yuan to be Cibu Langzhong (祠部郎中), a supervisorial official at the ministry of rites, and further put him in charge of drafting edicts for Emperor Muzong. However, because this was an irregular promotion, Yuan was looked down by his colleagues. On one occasion, when many imperial officials were gathering to eat melons, there were flies which gathered on the melons. Wu Ruheng (武儒衡) waved his fan to chase away the flies, and made the double entendre, "Where did you come from? Why did you come here?" This caused many of Wu's colleagues to be shocked and lose composure, but Wu did not. Nevertheless, Yuan's poetry continued to become increasingly popular at Chang'an, such that the people were rushing to learn it. Soon thereafter, Yuan was made chief imperial scholar (翰林承旨學士, Hanlin Xueshi) as well as Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau. Because of the friendship that Yuan had with Cui, the other eunuchs were also trying to become friendly with Yuan, particularly the one of the directors of palace communications (Shumishi), Wei Hongjian (魏弘簡).

In 821, Yuan was involved in an incident that was considered one of the precipitating incidents of the coming Niu-Li Factional Struggles. At that time, both Yuan and imperial scholar Li Deyu were involved in power struggles with Yuan's fellow Zhongshu Sheren Li Zongmin. Meanwhile, Li Zongmin's junior colleague at the legislative bureau, Yang Rushi (楊汝士) and the deputy minister of rites (禮部侍郎, Libu Shilang) Qian Hui (錢徽) were in charge of overseeing the imperial examinations. The military governor Duan Wenchang (a former chancellor) and the imperial scholar Li Shen both made secret pleas to Qian for certain examinees. However, when the results were announced, the examinees that Duan and Li Shen recommended were not given passing results, while among those passing the examinations were Zheng Lang, the brother of the examination bureau (門下省, Menxia Sheng) official Zheng Tan; Pei Zhuan (裴譔) the son of the military governor Pei Du (also a former chancellor); Li Zongmin's son-in-law Su Chao (蘇巢); and Yang Rushi's brother Yang Yinshi (楊殷士). This thus brought a popular uproar, and Duan submitted a report accusing Yang Rushi and Qian of being unfair. When Emperor Muzong requested opinions from the imperial scholars, Li Deyu, Yuan, and Li Shen all agreed with Duan's opinion. Emperor Muzong thus ordered Li Zongmin's colleague Wang Qi (王起) to conduct a re-examination, while demoting Qian, Li Zongmin, and Yang Rushi to be prefectural prefects and deposing 10 of the examinees selected by Qian and Yang Rushi. This was said to be the start of some 40 years of struggles between Li Deyu and his associates (known as the Li Faction) and Li Zongmin and his associates (known as the Niu Faction, named after Li Zongmin's ally Niu Sengru).

Meanwhile, Pei Du was leading a campaign against rebel generals Zhu Kerong and Wang Tingcou north of the Yellow River. It was said that, while Yuan had no resentment toward Pei personally, he wanted to be chancellor and was fearful that if Pei were victorious, Pei would be recalled and would again dominate the court, and therefore Yuan, as well as his ally Wei Hongjian, were interfering with requests that Pei was making of Emperor Muzong during the campaign. Pei, incensed, submitted a harshly worded accusation against Yuan and Wei. Emperor Muzong was displeased with Pei's accusations, but as Pei was a prominent statesman, placated Pei by demoting Wei to be the director of the imperial armory and Yuan to be the deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎, Gongbu Shilang), relieving Yuan of his position as imperial scholar. However, it was said that Emperor Muzong continued to trust Yuan greatly, despite removing him from his imperial scholar post. Indeed, soon thereafter, after the campaign ended (when the imperial government capitulated to Zhu and Wang by making them military governors), Yuan was made a chancellor with the title Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). (It was said that the capitulation was advocated by Yuan, who wanted to relieve Pei of his military command.)

Meanwhile, during the campaign against Zhu and Wang, Wang had put Niu Yuanyi (牛元翼), a general loyal to the imperial government, under siege at Shen Prefecture (深州, in modern Hengshui, Hebei). Yu Fang (于方), an advisor to an imperial prince, who wanted to submit an extraordinary suggestion to gain a promotion, suggested to Yuan that Yu's friends Wang Zhao (王昭) and Yu Youming (于友明) be sent to Wang Tingcou's Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei) to try to persuade Wang Tingcou's officers to lift the siege on Shen Prefecture. Yuan accepted the idea, and, as part of the plan, gave Wang Zhao and Yuan Youming some 20 commission certificates to give them to Wang Tingcou's officers. A man named Li Shang (李賞) heard of the plan, but misinterpreted this as a plot by Yuan and Yu Fang to assassinate Pei. He reported this to Pei, but Pei took no action. He then reported it to the Left Shence Army (左神策軍). After Emperor Muzong received report of this, he had Han Gao investigate the matter. After the investigation was complete, it was concluded that there was no evidence that Yuan intended to assassinate Pei, but as a result, both Pei (who by this point had returned to Chang'an and was again serving as chancellor) and Yuan were relieved of their chancellor posts, less than four months after Yuan was made chancellor. Yuan was sent out of the capital to serve as the prefect of Tong Prefecture (同州, in modern Weinan). When a number of advisorial officials subsequently submitted objections that Yuan's punishment was too light, Emperor Muzong stripped Yuan of one of his ceremonial posts as the director of Changchun Palace (長春宮, in Tong Prefecture). While the investigations were still ongoing, the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region), Liu Zungu (劉遵古), was putting Yuan's house under constant guard. When Yuan complained about this, Emperor Muzong punished Liu.

After Yuan served for two years at Tong Prefecture, he was made the governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) of Zhedong Circuit (浙東, headquartered in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang) as well as the prefect of its capital prefecture Yue Prefecture (越州). Yuan retained a staff that was also talented in literature, and they took tours of the picturesque locations of the circuit three or four times per month. They also often wrote poems. His deputy Dou Gong (竇鞏), in particular, became a famed poet himself, and they often wrote poems to each other. Meanwhile, while at Zhedong, Yuan also became known for being corrupt and gathering wealth. He served there for eight years, including the entire brief reign of Emperor Muzong's son Emperor Jingzong.

During Emperor Wenzong's reign
In 829, by which time Emperor Jingzong's brother Emperor Wenzong was emperor, Yuan Zhen was recalled to Chang'an to serve as Shangshu Zuo Cheng (尚書左丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). He tried to reorganize the bureau, and he expelled seven officials under him who had poor reputations. However, as Yuan himself was not known for exemplary ethics, he did not receive much support from other officials. When the chancellor Wang Bo died in 830, Yuan tried to use his connections to again become chancellor, but was unable to do so. Instead, he was sent out to Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern Wuhan, Hubei) to serve as its military governor and the prefect of its capital prefecture E Prefecture (鄂州). He became ill suddenly in fall 831 and died within a day of falling ill. He was given posthumous honors. As his son Yuan Daohu (元道護) was then only two years old, his funeral was hosted by his cousin Yuan Ji (元積). He left a collection of 100 volumes of poems, draft edicts, commemorative texts, and essays. He also compiled a 300-volume work collecting ancient and contemporary legal rulings.

Poetry
As an official, Yuan Zhen pursued his poetic activities under during Emperor Muzong's and Emperor Jingzong's reigns, both his own taking an active interest in the works of other poets.

Yuan Zhen was part of the New Yuefu Movement, which involved poets interested in reviving some of the aspects of the yuefu style folk ballad verse popular during the Han dynasty, with an interest in poetry as a form of political and societal critique. The group includes Bai Juyi (considered to be their leader), Zhang Ji, and Wang Jian.

Yuan Zhen had four of his poems selected for inclusion in the famous poetry anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. These were translated by Witter Bynner with the following titles:

 * "An Elegy I"
 * "An Elegy II"
 * "An Elegy III"
 * "The Summer Palace"

The three "Elegies" are laments for his wife who died young.

Prose
The Biography of Ying-ying is one of the most widely read and adapted chuanqi, or short stories in the classical language. It has been translated by James Hightower ("Yüan Chen and 'The Story of YIng-ying'" HJAS 33 (1973): 90–123), Arthur Waley (available in the Anthology of Chinese Literature by Cyril Birch, vol. I. (ISBN 0-8021-5038-1). An online translation by Patrick Moran includes the Chinese text. here.

title: Yuan Zhen


text: Category:National parks in Colorado

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:National parks in Colorado


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Language-Sensitive Editor

Language-Sensitive Editor (LSE) is a full-screen visual editor for the VAX/VMS and OpenVMS Operating systems. LSE is implemented by using the Text Processing Utility (TPU) language. It is part of the DECset programming tool set, which also contains a test manager, the performance and coverage analyzer (PCA), a code management system (CMS), and a module management mystem (MMS).

Features
LSE requires the features of a VT100 terminal and successors, or a compatible terminal emulator. It has the following features:
 * Syntax templates for a number of programming languages, which can be modified or extended by the user.
 * Windowing support.
 * Compilation and debug within editor.
 * Programmable editing functions.
 * EDT keypad layout default.

Languages
As shipped in 1999 LSE came with templates for the following programming languages:
 * DEC Ada
 * DEC BASIC
 * DEC C
 * DEC C++
 * VAX COBOL
 * DIGITAL Fortran
 * DEC PASCAL
 * VAX BLISS-32
 * VAX C
 * VAX MACRO
 * DEC PL/I

As of 2007 the following additional templates were supplied:
 * Kednos PL/I for OpenVMS
 * VAX ADA
 * VAX BASIC
 * VAX BLISS
 * VAX CDD/Plus
 * DEC COBOL
 * VAX Datatrieve
 * DEC DATATRIEVE
 * VAX DIBOL
 * VAX DOCUMENT
 * VAX FORTRAN
 * MACRO-64
 * VAX SCAN

title: Language-Sensitive Editor


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Enchanted

Enchanted may refer to:

Film

 * Enchanted (film), a 2007 Disney film
 * Okouzlená or Enchanted, a 1942 Czech film
 * Enchanted, a 1998 film featuring David Kaufman

Literature

 * The Enchanted (play), a 1950 English play by Maurice Valency
 * Enchanted, a comics series by Serena Valentino

Music

 * Enchanted (Marc Almond album)
 * Enchanted (Stevie Nicks album), a boxed set by Stevie Nicks
 * Enchanted (soundtrack), the soundtrack album from the 2007 Disney film
 * "Enchanted" (The Platters song) (1959)
 * "Enchanted" (Taylor Swift song) (2010)
 * "Enchanted", a 1997 song by Delerium from Karma
 * "Enchanted", a 2007 song by Patrick Wolf from The Magic Position
 * Enchanted, a 2013 album by Emma Stevens

Other uses

 * Enchanted (video game), a 2007 Nintendo DS game based on the Disney film

title: Enchanted


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User talk:Elisejmusic

Elisej is often the moinker used by artist Jesse Ellis. (Eli = Ellis, Sej = Jesse)

title: User talk:Elisejmusic


text: User:JmT

title: User:JmT


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The Water Is Wide (song)

"The Water Is Wide" (also called "O Waly, Waly" or simply "Waly, Waly") is a folk song of British origin. It remains popular in the 21st century. Cecil Sharp published the song in Folk Songs From Somerset (1906).

Themes and construction
The imagery of the lyrics describes the challenges of love: "Love is handsome, love is kind" during the novel honeymoon phase of any relationship. However, as time progresses, "love grows old, and waxes cold". Even true love, the lyrics say, can "fade away like morning dew".

The modern lyric for "The Water Is Wide" was consolidated and named by Cecil Sharp in 1906 from multiple older sources in southern England, following English lyrics with very different stories and styles but the same meter. Earlier sources were frequently published as broadsheets without music. Performers or publishers would insert, remove, and adapt verses from one piece to another: floating verses are also characteristic of hymns and blues verses. Lyrics from different sources could be used with different melodies of the same metre. Consequently, each verse in the modern song may not have been originally composed in the context of its surrounding verses nor be consistent in theme.

Variants
"The Water Is Wide" may be considered a family of lyrics with a particular hymn-like tune.

"O Waly Waly" (Wail, Wail) may be sometimes a particular lyric, sometimes a family tree of lyrics, sometimes "Jamie Douglas", sometimes one melody or another with the correct meter, and sometimes versions of the modern compilation "The Water Is Wide" (usually with the addition of the verse starting "O Waly, Waly"). Benjamin Britten used the melody and verses of "The Water Is Wide" for his arrangement — which does not have the "O Waly, Waly" verse, yet is titled "Waly, Waly". A different melody is used for the song "When Cockleshells turn Silver Bells" also subtitled "Waly, Waly". Yet another melody for "O Waly, Waly" is associated with the song, "Jamie Douglas" lyric.

Ancestors
A key ancestor is the lyric "Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny" from Ramsay's "Tea Table Miscellany" (1724), given below. This is a jumble of verses from other lyrics including "Arthur's Seat shall be my Bed" (1701), "The Distressed Virgin" (1633) and the Scottish scandal ballad "Jamie Douglas" (1776).

The use of 'cockleshells' and 'silver bells' in Thomson's version (1725) pre-dates the earliest published "Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary" (1744) and may relate to torture.

Some though not all versions of "Jamie Douglas" have the first verse that starts "O, Waly, Waly". Andrew Lang found a variant verse in Ramsay's "Tea Table Miscellany" from a 16th-century song.

Cousins
Predecessors of "The Water Is Wide" also influenced lyrics for other folk and popular songs, such as the modern version of the Irish "Carrickfergus" (1960s) and the American "Sweet Peggy Gordan" (1880). The Irish folk song "Carrickfergus" shares the lines "but the sea is wide/I cannot swim over/And neither have I wings to fly". This song may be preceded by an Irish language song whose first line A Bhí Bean Uasal ("It was a noble woman") matches closely the opening line of one known variation of Lord Jamie Douglas: "I was a lady of renown". However, the content of the English-language "Carrickfergus" includes material clearly from the Scots/English songs not in any known copy of A Bhí Bean Uasal suggesting considerable interplay among all known traditions. The Welsh version is called "Mae'r môr yn faith".

It is related to Child Ballad 204 (Roud number 87), "Jamie Douglas", which in turn refers to the ostensibly unhappy first marriage of James Douglas, 2nd Marquis of Douglas, to Lady Barbara Erskine.

Descendants
The modern "The Water Is Wide" was popularized by Pete Seeger in the folk revival. There have been multiple subsequent variations of the song and several names — including "Waly, Waly", "There is a Ship", and "Cockleshells" — which use and re-use different selections of lyrics. The song "Van Diemen's Land" on the album Rattle and Hum by U2 uses a variation of the melody of "The Water Is Wide".

The song "When the Pipers Play", sung by Isla St. Clair on the video of the same name, uses the melody of "The Water Is Wide".

Graeme Allwright translated the song into French. It was recorded in Breton language by Tri Yann as "Divent an dour". In 1991, the French singer Renaud recorded it as "La ballade nord-irlandaise" (The Ballad of Northern Ireland). At the Dunkerque carnival, people sing "putain d'Islande" based on the same melody.

Neil Young's "Mother Earth (Natural Anthem)" uses the melody of "The Water Is Wide".

Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny
The lyrics for "Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny" from Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany (1724). O Waly, waly (a lament – "woe is me") up the bank, And waly, waly doun the brae (hill), And waly, waly, yon burn-side (riverside), Where I and my love wont to gae. I lean'd my back into an aik (oak), I thocht it was a trusty tree; But first it bow'd, and syne (soon) it brak (broke), Sae my true love did lightly me.

O waly, waly, but love be bonnie (beautiful), A little time while it is new, But when 'tis auld (old), it waxeth cauld (cold), And fades away like the morning dew. O wherefore should I busk my heid (adorn my head)? Or wherefore should I kame (comb) my hair? For my true love has me forsook, And says he'll never love me mair (more).

Now Arthur Seat shall be my bed, The sheets shall ne'er be fyl'd by me, Saint Anton's well shall be my drink, Since my true love has forsaken me. Martinmas wind, when wilt thou blaw (blow), And shake the green leaves off the tree? O gentle death, when wilt thou come? For of my life I am weary.

'Tis not the frost, that freezes fell, Nor blawing snaws (snow) inclemency, 'Tis not sic cauld (such cold) that makes me cry, But my love's heart grown cauld to me. When we cam in by Glasgow town, We were a comely sight to see; My love was clad in the black velvet, And I my sell in cramasie (crimson).

But had I wist (known), before I kiss'd, That love had been sae ill to win, I'd lock my heart in a case of gold, And pin'd it with a silver pin. Oh, oh! if my young babe were born, And set upon the nurse's knee, And I my sell were dead and gane, For a maid again I'll never be.

Lyrics
Some popular lyrics for "The Water Is Wide" are within the book Folk Songs For Solo Singers, though many versions have been printed and sung.

 * The water is wide, I cannot get over
 * Neither have I wings to fly
 * Give me a boat that can carry two
 * And both shall row, my love and I

 * A ship there is and she sails the sea
 * She's loaded deep as deep can be
 * But not so deep as the love I'm in
 * I know not if I sink or swim

 * I leaned my back against an oak
 * Thinking it was a trusty tree
 * But first it bent and then it broke
 * So did my love prove false to me

 * I reached my finger into some soft bush
 * Thinking the fairest flower to find
 * I pricked my finger to the bone
 * And left the fairest flower behind

 * Oh love be handsome and love be kind
 * Gay as a jewel when first it is new
 * But love grows old and waxes cold
 * And fades away like the morning dew

 * Must I go bound while you go free
 * Must I love a man who doesn't love me
 * Must I be born with so little art
 * As to love a man who'll break my heart

 * When cockle shells turn silver bells
 * Then will my love come back to me
 * When roses bloom in winter's gloom
 * Then will my love return to me

Jürgen Klos traces the first verse to "I'm Often Drunk And Seldom Sober" (c. 1780), the second to "The Seamans leave taken of his sweetest Margery" (c. 1660), the third to "Oh Waly, Waly, Gin Love Be Bonny" (already 'old' when published in c. 1724), and the fourth to "Hey trollie lollie, love is jolly" (c. 1620.) He could not trace the melody before 1905.

Round
The Water is Wide I Cannot get over Nor have I Wings With which to-o-o fly O-o-h give me a boat That can carry Two We both shall Row My friend and I-i-I'' (repeat twice in parts with one part higher than the other and then sing in round with group two beginning to sing at the word 'Nor')

The water is wide I cannot get o'er No wings have I No wings have I to-o fly Give me a boat That will carry two We both shall row, my friend and I.
 * Another version:

Verse 2: As I look out across the sea a Bright horizon beckons me And I am called to do my best and be the most that I can be.

 * Another version, from Australia:

The Voyage Home

The water is wide, I cannot get o'er And neither have I wings to fly, Build me a boat that can carry two And both shall row, my love and I.

I leaned my back up against an oak, To find it was a trusty tree, I found you true, love, when first you spoke, 'tis true you are, and ever shall be.

Our love shines clearly against the storm, Turns darkest night to brightest day, Turns turbulent waters to perfect calm, A blazing lamp to light our way.

Love is the centre of all we see, Love is the jewel that guides us true, No matter what, love, you'll stay with me, No matter what, my love, I'll stay with you.

The water is wide, I cannot get o'er And neither have I wings to fly, Build me a boat that can carry two And both shall row, my love and I.

The water is wide, I cannot cross o'er, And neither have I the wings to fly. Build me a boat that can carry two And both shall row, my true love and I.
 * Another version, from Canada:

A ship there is and she sails the sea She's laden deep, as deep can be. But not so deep as the love I'm in, And I know not if I sink or swim.

I leaned my back against a young oak, Thinking 'twere a trusty tree. But first it bent and then it broke, Thus did my love prove false to me.

O love is handsome and love is kind, Bright as a jewel when first it's new But love grows old and waxes cold, And fades away like the morning dew, And fades away like the morning dew.

Arrangements
"O Waly, Waly" has been a popular choice for arrangements by classical composers, in particular Benjamin Britten, whose arrangement for voice and piano was published in 1948. John Rutter uses it for the Third Movement in his "Suite for Strings" (1973).

The tune is often used for the hymn "When I Survey the Wondrous Cross" by Isaac Watts. It is also the tune for John Bell's "When God Almighty came to Earth" (1987) and F. Pratt Green's "An Upper Room did our Lord Prepare" (1974). Additionally, Hal H. Hopson used the tune for his work "The Gift of Love". Hopson also wrote Christian lyrics to "The Water is Wide", which are often performed by church choirs.

Because the melody is consistent with the words of Adon Olam, a prayer closing most modern Jewish services, Susan Colin performed a version with an also-revised prayer. One congregation's choir performed it with the standard Hebrew prayer. One instrumental version is consistent with the stanzas of the prayer.

Recordings
Esther & Abi Ofarim recorded "Oh Waly Waly" in 1963 for their album Songs Der Welt, and for their live concert album in 1969. Esther re-released the song on the box-set CD Mein Weg zu mir in 1999. Jazz singer Tina May recorded the song—as "Whaley Whaley"—with pianist Nikki Iles and saxophonist Alan Barnes on their 2000 album One Fine Day.

Bob Dylan recorded a version of "The Water is Wide" during the recording sessions for his album Time Out of Mind in 1996, perhaps intended for use on a then soon-to-be-released multi-artist Pete Seeger tribute album. This rendition was first released to the public on the Fragments album in 2023.

Television
The CBS TV series The Unit featured an episode in season 2 titled "The Water is Wide", in which Unit members must disarm a bomb in the office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, while their wives seek an alleged POW/MIA soldier in Vietnam.

Films

 * Gerard Way covered the song for Kevin Smith's film Tusk. Smith reused this version of the song for his film Clerks III
 * PJ Harvey recorded this song in 2014 for the second season of BBC Two's Peaky Blinders.
 * Performed by John Rutter and the Cambridge Singers, the song features in Isobel Waller-Bridge's score for the 2020 film Emma.

title: The Water Is Wide (song)


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Talk:No Place Like Home (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
Please help complete the Angel/Buffy episode articles. See what needs to be done on this sub-page of WikiProject Buffy:

WikiProject Buffy/Episodes

Also please help update any major changes made to episode articles on that page so that progress can be mapped.

Policy discussion in progress
There is a policy discussion in progress at the Manual of Style which affects this page, suggesting that the capitalization of "like" should be removed. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. — Llywelyn II   14:25, 12 February 2016 (UTC)


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Almanac (band)

Almanac was a jazz project whose members were Bennie Maupin (flute, tenor saxophone), Cecil McBee (bass), Mike Nock (piano) and Eddie Marshall (drums).

Discography

 * 1977: Almanac (Improvising Artists)

title: Almanac (band)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rebecca Kasner

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY SPEEDIED, but not by me. -Splash 03:20, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Rebecca Kasner
Due to "various accounts of spontaneous human combustion occurring in her vicinity" I might regret listing this article here, but I'll take my chances. An article about a witch-princess, who seems to have taken to using Wikipedia at the age of 203 (since the author has the same text on her user page). Notable for her proficiency at weaving offal into gold, and for working as a part-time celestial spy and full-time in abecedarian espionage. However, I'm afraid all this might be unverifiable. Alarm 18:04, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

I will remove the spontaneous human combustion portion of my bio, as I can see how in today's political climate it might be construed the wrong way. I can assure you though that, like the bio itself, it was written in fun, and was meant to reflect my whimsical nature. I certainly meant no harm by it. Undream 18:14, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy to User: Undream's page. You could certainly keep it there. Users are free to put what they want on their userpages within reason. Capitalistroadster 18:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as an article. She should be welcome to copy it to her user page. ➥the Epopt 18:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity MH 18:58, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speed deleted as a fabrication. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Bob Wente

Bob Wente (May 28, 1933 – August 13, 2000) was an American racing driver.

Midget car
He started racing midget cars in 1953 at the St. Louis Auto Racing Association. He won the Midwest region of the USAC National Midget championship in 1960, and finished second by 9.75 points to Jimmy Davies. Wente won the USAC Indoor Midget championship in 1961. He won his first USAC National Midget championship in 1963 after finishing second for three straight years. Wente is second on the list of all-time USAC National Midget car winners behind Mel Kenyon.

Notable races that he won include the Hut Hundred in 1963, and the Night Before the 500 in 1969 and 1976.

Championship Car
Wente used his midget car experiences to earn a ride in the USAC Championship Car series. He raced in the 1963-1965 and 1967 seasons, with 11 career starts, including the 1964 Indianapolis 500. He finished in the top ten 5 times, with his best finish in 3rd position in 1965 at Trenton.

Despite witnessing the tragic events in front of him on the opening lap of the 1964 Indianapolis 500 that claimed the lives of Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald, Wente charged from his 32nd starting spot to take ninth place at the checkers in his number 68, Trevis/Offenhauser. Wente attempted to qualify the next two seasons in 1965 and 1966, but failed to make the field.

Wente also won a single USAC Sprint car race.

Wente remained in the racing business long after his driving career ended. He stayed busy by owning and operating a restaurant named Wente's O & W (Open Wheel) in Chesterfield, Missouri up until his death.

Award

 * He was inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame in its first class in 1984.

title: Bob Wente


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Case presentation

A case presentation is a formal communication between health care professionals such as doctors and nurses regarding a patient's clinical information.

Essential parts of a case presentation include:
 * Identification
 * Reason for consultation/admission
 * Chief complaints (CC) - what made patients seek medical attention.
 * History of present illness (HPI) - circumstances relating to chief complaints.
 * Past medical history (PMHx)
 * Past surgical history
 * Current medications
 * Allergies
 * Family history (FHx)
 * Social history (SocHx)
 * Physical examination (PE)
 * Laboratory results (Lab)
 * Other investigations (imaging, biopsy etc.)
 * Case summary and impression
 * Management plans
 * follow up in clinic or hospital
 * Adherence of the patient to treatment
 * success of the treatment or failure.
 * causes of success or failure.

title: Case presentation


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Mel Kenyon

Mel Kenyon (born April 15, 1933, in DeKalb, Illinois) is a former midget car driver. He is known as the "King of the Midgets", "Miraculous Mel" and "Champion of Midget Auto Racing." The Motorsports Hall of Fame of America says "Many consider him to be midget car racing's greatest driver ever."

Racing career
He attended his first auto race in 1946. Kenyon began his racing career in 1954 racing a 1937 Chevy Coupe. He totaled the car when a tire blew out. He raced modified stocks in 1955. In 1958, Mel began his career in the midgets.

Kenyon's first championship was in NASCAR's Florida midget series in 1962, but he changed to USAC in the middle of the season and finished fifth in the USAC National Midget championship points.

Kenyon won the 1963 Turkey Night Grand Prix. He finished second in the 1963 USAC championship points, and won his first USAC National Midget championship in 1964.

Kenyon failed to qualify for his first Indianapolis 500 in 1965. Kenyon's tenth career race in a USAC IndyCar was at Langhorne Speedway in Langhorne, Pennsylvania on June 20, 1965. Mel's engine blew up sending oil all over the car, his firesuit and the track. He lost control of the car, hit the wall and was knocked unconscious. Jim Hurtubise and Ralph Liguori slid in the oily track and ran straight into Mel's fuel tank. Joe Leonard, also involved in the crash, rescued Kenyon from the burning car. Because of severe burns, Kenyon went through multiple operations at the San Antonio Burn Center, and he lost nearly all of his fingers on his left hand. Mel, his brother Don and their father Everett designed a special glove with a rubber grommet sewn into the palm. The glove fit on Mel's hand and hooked into the steering wheel. The trio formed a racing team called 3-K Racing, with Don as the crew chief.

Kenyon returned to racing in 1966. He had twelve first or second-place finishes, and finished second in the National Midget points. He qualified for his first Indianapolis 500 just eleven months after his fiery crash, and finished fifth.

He won 17 of 49 features to claim the National midget title in 1967.

Kenyon finished third in the 1968 Indianapolis 500 in a car sponsored by his hometown of Lebanon, Indiana. He did most of the work on the engine despite his hand. He routinely tore down and reassembled the Offenhauser engine by himself. He won the 1968 National Midget crown.

Kenyon took fourth in the 1969 Indianapolis 500.

He nearly won his first Champ car event at Michigan International Speedway on July 16, 1972. Kenyon was leading as he approached the white flag, but his Foyt powered Eagle ran out of fuel. Mel coasted around the track and finished third.

He finished fourth in his last of eight Indianapolis 500s in 1973. He had four Top 5 finishes in the classic race.

He won his second Turkey Night Grand Prix in 1975. The event was held on the 605 Speedway, the first time the event was held on pavement.

He had over 100 victories in midget cars in 1984 when he was inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame. He won the 1985 National Midget championship a year after his induction.

Kenyon won the Indianapolis Speedrome midget car track title in 1993.

Kenyon stopped racing on the national tour in 1995 after his wife Marieanne became virtually comatose after suffering a major head injury in a bicycle accident. Kenyon won the Midwest-based NAMARS championships in 1995, 1996, and 1997 while in his sixties.

Kenyon continued racing after his 70th birthday in 2003. His son, Brice Kenyon, won the 2004 Indianapolis Speedrome midget track championship at the 1/5 mile track. Kenyon competed in the full schedule at the Indianapolis Speedrome in 2005 against his son.

Career summary
Kenyon has seven USAC National Midget championships, eight runners-up in the season points standings, and Top 5 point finishes in 21 of 27 seasons between 1966 and 1988.

At his Motorsports Hall of Fame induction in 2003 he had 111 feature wins, 131 seconds, 107 thirds, 81 fourths, and 69 fifths, for a total of 419 Top 5 finishes. He also had 688 Top 10 finishes. The totals are for USAC National midget races only, and don't include races in the NAMARS national races, regional or local races. He had counted 380 midget total feature wins, including wins in Australia and New Zealand. three NAMARS midget championships, and over 380 midget feature wins in all.

Kenyon competed in 65 USAC Championship (IndyCar) and eight Indianapolis 500 races.

Career awards

 * He was inducted in the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2003.
 * He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2003.
 * He was inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame.
 * Indianapolis Raceway Park hosts the annual "Mel Kenyon Classic" midget car race in his honor, and he has raced in the televised feature event in the 2000s.

title: Mel Kenyon


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Pulmonary atresia

Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close.

In congenital heart defects such as pulmonary atresia, structural abnormalities can include the valves of the heart, and the walls and arteries/veins near the heart muscle. Consequently, blood flow due to the aforementioned structural abnormalities is affected, either by blocking or altering the flow of blood through the human cardiac muscle.

Signs and symptoms
The symptoms/signs of pulmonary atresia that will occur in babies are consistent with cyanosis, some fatigue and some shortness of breath (eating may be a problem as well).

In the case of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, decreased pulmonary blood flow may cause associated defects such as:
 * Tricuspid atresia
 * Tetralogy of Fallot
 * Double outlet right ventricle

Cause
In terms of the cause of pulmonary atresia, there is uncertainty as to what instigates this congenital heart defect. Potential risk factors that can cause this congenital heart defect are those the pregnant mother may come in contact with, such as:
 * Certain medications
 * Diet
 * Smoking

Diagnosis
In regards to the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia the body requires oxygenated blood for survival. pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing fetus however, because the mother's placenta provides the needed oxygen since the baby's lungs are not yet functional. Once the baby is born its lungs must now provide the oxygen needed for survival, but with pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the pulmonary valve for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated. Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth.

The diagnosis of pulmonary atresia can be done via the following exams/methods: an echocardiogram, chest x-ray, EKG and an exam to measure the amount of in the body.

Classification
There are two types of pulmonary atresia.
 * Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare congenital malformation. PA-IVS involves complete blockage of the pulmonary valve located on the right side of the heart.  This blockage prevents the flow of blood to the lungs.  Because of this lack of blood flowing through the right side of the heart, the structures on that side, such as the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid valve, are abnormally small.
 * Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) is identified by underdevelopment of the right ventricle. The Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a second opening in the ventricular wall, which provides a way out for blood in the right ventricle.  When this second opening does not exist, very little blood goes to the right ventricle, which is what causes it to be underdeveloped in PA-IVS,  this defect can be determined before birth.

Treatment
The treatment of pulmonary atresia consists of: an IV medication called prostaglandin E1, which is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the ductus arteriosus from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations, but prostaglandin E1 can be dangerous as it can cause apnea. Another example of preliminary treatment is heart catheterization to evaluate the defect or defects of the heart; this procedure is much more invasive. Ultimately, however, the individual will need to have a series of surgeries to improve the blood flow permanently. The first surgery will likely be performed shortly after birth. A shunt can be created between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to help increase blood flow to the lungs. As the child grows, so does the heart and the shunt may need to be revised in order to meet the body's requirements. The type of surgery recommended depends on the size of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, if the right ventricle is small and unable to act as a pump, the surgery performed would be the Fontan procedure. In this three-stage procedure, the right atrium is disconnected from the pulmonary circulation. The systemic venous return goes directly to the lungs, by-passing the heart. Very young children with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance may not able to undergo the Fontan procedure. Cardiac catheterization may be done to determine the resistance before going ahead with the surgery.

Prognosis
The prognosis for pulmonary atresia varies for every child, if the condition is left uncorrected it may be fatal, but the prognosis has greatly improved over the years for those with pulmonary atresia. Some factors that affect how well the child does include how well the heart is beating, and the condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart. Most cases of pulmonary atresia can be helped with surgery, if the patient's right ventricle is exceptionally small, many surgeries will be needed in order to help stimulate normal circulation of blood to the heart. If uncorrected, babies with this type of congenital heart disease may only survive for the first few days of life. Many children with pulmonary atresia will go on to lead normal lives, though complications such as endocarditis, stroke and seizures are possible.

title: Pulmonary atresia


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Dakar–Niger Railway

The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

As of 2013 passenger services in Mali were only being offered three days between Bamako and Kayes via Kati and Diamou. There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010.

Construction
Construction work on the Dakar–Niger Railway began at the end of the 19th century under the French general Gallieni, commander of French Sudan. The railroad connected the Niger River with the port of Dakar, allowing the transport of raw materials across the globe. The line was completed at the beginning of the 20th century, the Kayes-Koulikoro section being inaugurated in 1904. However, the final section of the line did not open until 1924.

1947 strike
In 1947, the railroad workers went on a several-month strike to obtain the same rights as the French railwaymen. They succeeded in winning a 20% raise, though strike leaders were jailed or fired. The strike was celebrated as a turning point in the anti-colonial struggle by Senegalese writer Ousmane Sembène in his 1960 novel, Les bouts de bois de Dieu.

Post-independence operation
With the independence of Mali and Senegal, after the break-up of the Mali Federation, control of the railroad was divided between two national organisations, the Régie des Chemin de fer du Mali (RCFM) and the Régie des Chemins de Fer du Sénégal. An agreement between Senegal and Mali in 1962 determined the common operation of the line by the two railway companies.

Privatization
In October 2003, Senegal and Mali privatised the railway following pressure from the World Bank. Transrail, a Franco-Canadian management consortium, took over management of the line, changing hands several times. Management issues and a lack of investment led to serious degradation of the infrastructure and rolling stock and numerous delays. In Senegal, the maximum speed of the trains in many places has been limited to 20 km/h due to the bad state of the tracks.

Despite Transrail's obligation to maintain a passenger service, they concentrated on the transport of goods. Many stations have been closed and the numbers of connections reduced, creating difficulties for isolated communities. Passenger services have been suspended since an accident on 13 May 2009 killed five and injured thirty-seven. A Dakar-bound train came off the tracks between Bala and Goudiry in Tambacounda Region, Senegal. Four carriages reportedly overturned, but no official cause was determined.

Transrail was bought in 2007 by the Belgian company Vecturis. With continually degrading infrastructure and mounting security problems, passenger service was halted in May 2010. In 2015, the governments of Mali and Senegal terminated the concession to Transrail, and a new entity, Dakar-Bamako Ferroviaire, took its place. They reached an agreement with China Railway Construction Corp (International) to restore their respective parts of the line. Without measurable progress, however, freight service was suspended in 2018, leading to a 20% drop in activity at the Port of Dakar.

Until 2015 the petit train de banlieue, a twice-daily service between Dakar and Thiès, ran on the Dakar-Niger rails, and the Train Express Regional from Dakar to Diamniadio opened in 2021 along part of the same route.

Current status

The only regular train on the Dakar-Niger route as of September 2023 is the TER. Nevertheless, the Senegalese government is currently working on rehabilitating the line as far as Tambacounda in order to reduce the number of trucks on the highways linking the Port of Dakar with Mali and other neighboring countries. An estimated 3-400 leave the port every day. In a second planned phase, a new standard gauge line to Tambacounda and eventually to Bamako will replace the current one. As a first step, in June 2023 a test run was conducted between Thies and Diourbel, with a full opening of that route planned for December 2023 or January 2024.

Statistics

"Tableau comparative des exportations par rail" No sources are given for any of this data, which shows the number of tons of different products exported in various years:

Technical

 * Gauge:
 * Brakes: The railway uses vacuum brakes.
 * Couplers: Buffers and Chain, European. - see loco CC2286.
 * Highest point 1515 ft near Bamako.

Branch lines
There are a number of branch lines including:
 * Dakar–Saint-Louis railway, from Thiès to Saint-Louis
 * Louga–Linguère
 * Guinguinéo–Kaolack
 * Diourbel–Mbaké
 * Tambacounda–Baja Kunda (proposed)

title: Dakar–Niger Railway


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Self-shrinking generator

A self-shrinking generator is a pseudorandom generator that is based on the shrinking generator concept. Variants of the self-shrinking generator based on a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) are studied for use in cryptography.

Algorithm
In difference to the shrinking generator, which uses a second feedback shift register to control the output of the first, the self-shrinking generator uses alternating output bits of a single register to control its final output. The procedure for clocking this kind of generator is as follows:

 * 1) Clock the LFSR twice to obtain a pair of bits as LFSR output.
 * 2) If the pair is 10 output a zero.
 * 3) If the pair is 11 output a one.
 * 4) Otherwise, output nothing.
 * 5) Return to step one.

Example
This example will use the connection polynomial x8 + x4 + x3 + x2 + 1, and an initial register fill of 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0.

Below table lists, for each iteration of the LFSR, its intermediate output before self-shrinking, as well as the final generator output. The tap positions defined by the connection polynomial are marked with blue headings. The state of the zeroth iteration represents the initial input.

At the end of four iterations, the following sequence of intermediate bits is produced: 0110.

The first pair of bits, 01, is discarded since it does not match either 10 or 11. The second pair of bits, 10, matches the second step of the algorithm, so a zero is output.

More bits are created by continuing to clock the LFSR and shrinking its output as described above.

Cryptanalysis
In their paper, Meier and Steffelbach prove that a LFSR-based self-shrinking generator with a connection polynomial of length L results in an output sequence period of at least 2L/2, and a linear complexity of at least 2L/2-1.

Furthermore, they show that any self-shrinking generator can be represented as a shrinking-generator. The inverse is also true: Any shrinking generator can be implemented as a self-shrinking generator, although the resultant generator may not be of maximal length.

An attack presented by the authors requires about 20.7L steps, assuming a known connection polynomial.

A more advanced attack, discovered by Mihaljević, is able to break a register a hundred bits in length in around 257 steps, using an output sequence of only 4.9 x 108 bits.

Another attack

title: Self-shrinking generator


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WVIT

WVIT (channel 30) is a television station licensed to New Britain, Connecticut, United States, serving as the NBC outlet for the Hartford–New Haven market. It is owned and operated by the network's NBC Owned Television Stations division alongside Class A Telemundo outlet WRDM-CD (channel 19). The two stations share studios on New Britain Avenue in West Hartford and transmitter facilities on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington, Connecticut.

Early years
WVIT signed on for the first time on February 13, 1953, as WKNB-TV, owned by the New Britain Broadcasting Company along with WKNB radio (840 AM, now WRYM). The calls stood for Kensington–New Britain. It is Connecticut's second-oldest television station and the first on the UHF band. It has been an NBC affiliate for nearly all of its history. However, during its first two and a half years, it carried CBS programming as one of two affiliates in Connecticut, along with WNHC-TV (now WTNH) in New Haven. At the time, Hartford and New Haven were recognized by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as separate television markets; the commission would merge them into one market in 1954.

In January 1955, NBC announced it would purchase the WKNB stations for just over $600,000. Though the network was acquiring both radio and television outlets, the key to the deal was channel 30–as one of the first UHF stations to be owned by a major network, the FCC encouraged the networks to expand their owned-and-operated holdings to include outlets in the new band to help ensure its viability. Indeed, NBC made plans to boost channel 30's signal to cover the entire market.

WKNB-TV began carrying the full NBC programming schedule in October 1955. The FCC approved the sale to NBC in December 1956, nearly two years after it was first announced. The network then renamed channel 30 WNBC (for New Britain, Connecticut) in January 1957. In its first stint as an NBC-owned station, channel 30 failed to gain much headway in the ratings, largely because television manufacturers were not required to include UHF tuning capability until 1964. Viewers had to buy an expensive converter to watch WNBC, and even with one the picture was barely viewable. In addition, plans to relocate the station's tower and to boost transmission power never moved forward.

In September 1957, the Hartford-based Travelers Insurance Company signed on independent station WTIC-TV (channel 3, now WFSB), the state's second and last VHF station. Within a year of its debut (and despite its radio sister having been an NBC radio affiliate for over thirty years) WTIC-TV became Connecticut's CBS affiliate, replacing its owned-and-operated station, WHCT-TV (channel 18, now Univision affiliate WUVN). NBC then realized its UHF experiment was a lost cause (it had shut down its other owned UHF station in Buffalo, New York, in October 1958), and in June 1959 sold WNBC and WKNB radio for $750,000 to Plains Television Inc., a joint venture of Transcontinental Properties and H & E Balaban Corporation (WKNB was spun off immediately afterward). As part of the deal, Springfield Television, the owner of fellow NBC affiliate WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts, was to have held a one-third share in channel 30; it abandoned this stake before the deal's completion after concerns arose over WWLP and WNBC's overlapping coverage areas, but continued to hold an option to reacquire it for some time afterward pending FCC approval. In May 1960, channel 30's callsign changed again – this time to WHNB-TV (for Hartford-New Britain); NBC reclaimed the WNBC calls for its flagship radio and television combination (the former WRCA-AM-FM-TV) in New York City.

In 1966, WHNB-TV became, once again, one of two NBC affiliates in Connecticut; the network signed with Waterbury-licensed WATR-TV (channel 20) in order to get its programming into New Haven on a strong signal. By this time, television manufacturers were now required to include all-channel tuning. Channel 30 itself made up for the shortfall in its market coverage by operating two low-power translators (starting in 1971): W79AI (channel 79) in Torrington and W59AA (channel 59) in New Haven. They also operated W79AH in Waterbury in the 1960s.

Viacom and NBC ownership
In the summer of 1977, Plains Television announced it would sell WHNB-TV to the original iteration of Viacom for $15 million. The former CBS Inc. subsidiary was making its first foray into broadcast station ownership. Shortly after assuming control in the spring of 1978, channel 30's call letters were changed to the present WVIT on June 12 (for "Viacom International Television") to reflect its new ownership. Viacom immediately announced plans to boost WVIT's signal, and also made upgrades in the station's news department. In 1980, channel 30 signed on with a new transmitter that more than doubled its coverage area, giving it a clear signal to much of New Haven for the first time, though the channel 59 repeater was kept in service. WVIT became the sole Connecticut-based NBC affiliate in March 1982, when WATR-TV's affiliation contract with NBC ended and the station became independent WTXX (it is now WCCT-TV). The Torrington translator was turned off in 1987, and the New Haven repeater was shut down in the middle 1990s to allow full-powered WTVU (now WCTX) to begin operations. In 1993, WVIT and WTXX entered into a part-time local marketing agreement after talks with Fox affiliate WTIC-TV (channel 61) failed.

Viacom purchased Paramount Pictures in 1994, placing its five-station group (WVIT; KMOV in St. Louis; WHEC-TV in Rochester, New York; WNYT in Albany, New York; and KSLA-TV in Shreveport, Louisiana) under common ownership with the Paramount Stations Group; the two groups were formally consolidated in December 1995. The merged company decided to divest itself of all of its major network affiliates to focus on stations that carried its then-upstart United Paramount Network (UPN). WVIT, the first television outlet Viacom purchased was the last station to be sold, as Viacom agreed to trade channel 30 to former owner NBC in return for future purchase rights to WWHO in Chillicothe, Ohio, and WLWC in New Bedford, Massachusetts, two UPN-affiliated stations NBC was operating by way of local marketing agreements. The sale closed on December 8, 1997, making WVIT an NBC O&O for the second time in its history. It also ended its part-time LMA with WTXX, and the LMA deal was transferred to WTIC-TV.

On December 4, 2017, NBCUniversal announced that it would buy Telemundo affiliate WRDM-CD and its Springfield satellite station WDMR-LP from ZGS Communications, as with several other NBC O&Os, WRDM would become a sister station to WVIT, creating the third duopoly in the Hartford–New Haven television market, following the duopolies of Nexstar Media Group's WTNH/WCTX and Tegna's WTIC-TV/WCCT-TV (though as a low-power station, WRDM is exempt from FCC ownership caps, including the duopoly rule). ZGS had sold WRDM's spectrum in the FCC's incentive auction for $10,574,516 and indicated that the station would enter into a post-auction channel sharing agreement, which occurred with WVIT at the start of the year. The sale was officially completed on February 1, 2018.

Programming
On June 16, 2017, WVIT announced that it would not air that week's edition of Sunday Night with Megyn Kelly, which featured an interview with radio host Alex Jones. The station cited viewer, advertiser and management sensitivities to the views of Jones, as he had previously expressed a denial of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings. Otherwise, the station clears the entire NBC lineup.

News operation
On June 13, 2016, WVIT became the second station in Connecticut to debut a 4 p.m. newscast. On the same day, WVIT began using Artworks' new "Look N" standardized graphics that were first adopted by sister station WNBC, while its music changed to 615 Music's "The Tower", which was first adopted in 2000 by sister stations WMAQ-TV and KNBC.

On June 7, 2021, WVIT debuted its 7 p.m. newscast, becoming the first and only station in Connecticut to have a prime time newscast.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Chris Berman (now sportscaster for ESPN since 1979)
 * Van Hackett
 * Brian Kilmeade (now political commentator for Fox News)
 * Rob Marciano (now senior meteorologist for ABC News)
 * Natalie Morales (later with NBC News, now with the CBS Daytime talk show The Talk)
 * Rob Morrison
 * Beasley Reece (formerly with KYW-TV in Philadelphia from 1998 to 2015)
 * Brian Shactman (now with CNBC)
 * Chris Wragge (now with WCBS-TV)

Subchannels
Digital subchannel 30.2 carried NBC Weather Plus; national network operations for that service ended in December 2008. NBC Plus then aired on that subchannel. This channel utilized the same graphics as Weather Plus, with a new 'NBC Plus' logo, and without the on-camera meteorologist segments. On December 20, 2012, WVIT replaced NBC Plus with Cozi TV; WVIT was the last NBC-owned station to carry NBC Plus. Digital subchannel 30.3 carried Universal Sports until its transition into a cable- and satellite-exclusive service on January 1, 2012, and eventually Universal Sports shut down altogether on November 16, 2015. The 30.3 subchannel was reactivated in 2015, when WVIT added the Spanish-language digital network TeleXitos, normally only carried on Telemundo stations; TeleXitos moved to a subchannel of WRDM-CD after its acquisition by NBCUniversal in February 2018. WVIT again reactivated the 30.3 subchannel in 2020, coinciding with the launch of LX.

Analog-to-digital conversion

WVIT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 30, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 35, using virtual channel 30. With the transition, the height of the station's transmitter tower was increased to 434 m.

Spectrum auction repack
On August 2, 2019, WVIT was moved from channel 35 to channel 31.

title: WVIT


text:
Talk:Lind (Oh My Goddess!)

Rind Typo
Alright... here we go again with beating a dead horse... I just removed this entry from the trivia section:

 * However, even if anime sources name her "Lind", in volume 24, page 158 of the Japanese original Kodansha edition (where the character first appears), her name is clearly stated as being "Rind".

Now then. Let's start off with some facts. #1: Lind's first appearance was the Dreamcast AMG quiz game; not the manga. #2: ONLY that page (and direct recycles of it) has ever spelled Lind's name with an "R" instead of an "L" in the entire catalog of AMG. #3: As mentioned endlessly, over and over again in other discussions, everything else (including sketch artwork from Fujishima - THE CREATOR) has the name spelled as Lind and not Rind. #4: The Dark Horse has accepted the Lind translation for their translated publication.

Doing some common sense in the matter, and give how easily the Japanese get the L and R things mixed up - and the fact that Kodasha has done typo's in the past with their own native Japanese (kanji mix ups mostly) - the Rind spelling was most likely a typo. Everything points AGAINST the name being spelled as Rind. The trivia entry removed seems to try and contradict the previous entry in justifying that Rind is correct. It is not correct. Lind is correct. Rind is fannon and at best mistranslation. Maybe it's the wording or something... I don't know...

This whole Rind VS Lind thing is getting old... the Japanese never had a problem with it, and the endless argument should have ended with Dark Horse's final judgment in the matter. Come on people... get over it already. To sate the other side, I will see about reentering the removed statement in a less "poisoning" manner - unless someone else beats me too it.

 * There... I modified the original Trivia entry to make mention of the "proof that Rind is correct spelling" in it. Still... it sounds poisoning against Rind... Then again, Rind isn't correct, so I suppose there's no reason to try and make it sound correct either. Please discuss and enlighten me if I'm wrong...

Remove Rind
Well it's official. Dark Horse spells the goddess's name as Lind. So does the anime. So does the SEGA Dreamcast game. So does the official artbooks in Japan (thus so does Fujishima, the character's creator). Now, at the expense of beating a dead horse, should we remove that "Rind" from the first paragraph of the article? Spelling is Lind according to all the OFFICIAL sources. To be blunt: Rind is a fandom name. Belldandy is spelled Belldandy... not Verthandi. Lind is spelled Lind... not Rind.

 * If on top of the Belldandy page we have the disamb sentence, I see no reason in deleting that disamb here. Just get rid of all the other Rinds on the page. MythSearchertalk 03:50, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Name contravercy
According to the "Ah! My Goddess Collection" (a 15th anniversary reference book) and dustjacket illustrations from the graphic novels, "Rindo" should be romanised as "Lind."

 * However, that is a Japanese publication. Until either Dark Horse comics (North American distributor of the manga) or Media Blasters (North American distributor of the television series, only animation of A!MG that Rind is actually in) give evidence that Rind's name is really supposed to be Lind, leaving it as Rind is fine.  Remember that the "l" and "r" sounds are interchangeable in Japanese, which is why if you listen to the Japanese dub of Ranma for example, it sounds like a lot of characters are calling him, "Lanma". - Js2756 13:09, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Fujishima Kosuke says its LIND in Romajii

 * I was recently informed that within the artbook "Ah! My Goddess Illustration and Artwork Collection" (AS-1204), Fujishima has an interview with the named spelled as Lind. This could be the "final say" on the matter, as he is the creator of the character. Can anyone verify this?

Evidence that the Spelling is LIND in Romajii

 * The AMG TV anime credits the name is spelled as Lind.
 * The SEGA Dreamcast Quiz game also indicates that the name is spelled Lind.
 * Two AMG artbooks since 2002 state the name is spelled as Lind.
 * The character's voice actor signs "in character" as Lind in Romaji.

Evidence that the Spelling is RIND in Correct Romanisation

 * Katakana romanisation charts. These charts are officially sanctioned by the Japanese government, and have been the primary method for translation from Japanese text to Romanised text for years.
 * The original Norse name, from which the character is obviously derived, is 'Rind'

''' Using written kanji as support for one spelling over another, especially going by audible pronounciation is totally inconclusive. The spoken 'Ri' and 'Li' syllable actually lies between the two, and is strictly speaking neither. '''

Conclusion
While I see the point of romanisation, on the official japanese Oh My Goddess! website she apears as "Lind". It REALLY doesnt matter as Ri and Li is pronounced the same. Its Belldandy not Berudandi (even though thats how it sounds). ;) -- Cool CatTalk 18:15, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * What does matter is uniformity: this article currently uses both forms. Could one or the other be agreeded upon until such time as Dark Horse make a decission for us? Elric of Grans 01:18, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * What Dark Horse claims doesn't really matter, due to the whole Welsper/Velsper thing. Fujishima had already made an official English spelling, yet the opt to ignore him and do what they wanted. It's no different than if the Japanese distributor of Star Wars, renamed Darth Vader into "That Guy in Black Armor with a Breathing Problem".

 * Long story short, all the OFFICIAL Japanese sites spell it LIND. Until someone can find something out right saying Fujishima wants is spelled with an "R", overwhelming evidence points that its spelled with an "L". It also appears that Fujishima was interviewed claiming he spells it Lind (see above). For time being, let's be adults about this, and leave as Lind until more SOLID support for Rind can be proven.

 * I am well aware of that, and indeed Fujishima first used the Lind spelling around three years back (which is what I always use) --- if you are particularly interested, I can search through my books to find the exact location, and therefore date. However, the standard policy on Wikipedia is to use the spelling as seen in the English version, even if it is different from the original --- even if it is dramatically different!  As such, the way Dark Horse spell it will be considered the official spelling in English sources, even if it is obviously wrong. Elric of Grans 22:19, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I second that thesis, the spelling should be reverted back to Rind to avoid confusing the English version readers. -MegamanZero 0:37 5,December 2005 (UTC)

 * How does Lind confuse them? Fantranslated episodes spell it Lind, as does the English parts of the Japanese site. I say leave it the way Fujishima (the CREATOR of the character) wants it spelled, unless Dark Horse somehow screws that up.
 * Rind redirects here, thats all there should be, we have a section explaining the alternative. Ill modify the titile nio deed to have tens of redudent Lind/Rinds -- Cool CatTalk 22:30, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * This problem would have been solved if the name of the 5th Goddess was written in English in the manga itself, which is obviously the source of AMG canon. Unfortunately, this is not the case if we're talking within the manga content per se. In the tankoubons, the Romanized name was spelled out in volume 24 as Rind in one extra page at the back. However later on, in one inside flap of volume 26, it was Romanized as Lind. Thus even with sources closest to canon, there is no consensus. Personally I have a nagging suspicion that a firm, definite translation was not defined by Kosuke Fujishima when he created the character. If this was the case, then the publishers wouldn't have flip-flopped from one spelling to the next. --Peorthmegami 00:25, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah... Hmm... Gah... So its a no concensus. We may stick with the norse Rind then? Not sure what to do... -- Cat out 03:27, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Though my personal preference has always been Rind, let's avoid stirring up the hornet's nest again. Maybe new evidence will come up later on, and then we can decide which is actually the correct spelling. --Peorthmegami 21:56, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Fine with me. :) -- Cat out 23:26, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, it all seems to make sense to me from a "sideline" point of view. Fujishima seems to have wanted Rind, then for reasons only he might know, picked Lind. I've seen REALLY EARLY stuff spell the goddess name as Rind, but as of late, everything points to Lind. There's more "L" than "R" in Japan: the toy and resin figures for the character spell it Lind, the official Japanese anime site spells it Lind, and the most recent artbooks spell it Lind. Of course, in the US this is all moot given how Dark Horse name is what sticks for English readers (Welsper/Vesper anyone).

Problem about the angel
From what I have read in the manga, it should be that all Valkyries have single winged angels and was artificially made that way. I will check on more sources before I make any edits to the article. MythSearcher 08:58, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Er, it clearly says in the manga that a one-winged angel was an extreme abnormality. Indeed, it would not make much sense her being known as 'One-Winged Lind' if all Valkyries had one-winged angels.  Only Lind has a one-winged angel, and this is likely linked to the fact she has twin angels (which is also unusual). Elric of Grans 22:22, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I actualy know why but I think thatd be too much of a spoiler. -- Cat out 22:52, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Cleaning Up
Am I the only one who thinks the following line reads wrong:

Lind is a Valkyrie, a member of the battle division and is responsible for fighting in the Market Share Battle between heaven and hell.

It sounds as if they are fighting The Battle of the Market Share (likened to The Battle of the Somme or similar). I cannot think of how best to reword this, but it is worth bringing to people's attention as a misleading statement. Elric of Grans 05:15, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, that line is incorrect. In the manga (which is canon), the Valkyries were never mentioned as being involved in the 'Market Share Battle' (the battle or contest between the Gods and Demons on who can make more contracts with humans). The Valkyries were simply mentioned to form the combat division of Heaven, the closest analogy of which is the military of an Earth nation. The 'Market Share Battle' as presented in the manga is mediated by 'commercial' goddesses like Belldandy and Peorth and presumably commercial demons like Mara (the commercial here refers to license, it means the goddess can form contracts/grant wishes). While the commercial goddesses and demons will inevitably have conflict during their line of work; any fight is necessarily non-fatal as dicatated by the Doublet Law. The Market Share Battle is implied to be more of jockeying for advantageous positions over the other party (best exemplified by Mara); in this regard the Valkyries have no place in the conflict. I have consequently edited the entry to remove the error. --Peorthmegami 23:36, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

mythological analog?
What's the mythological analog for Lind?

 * The presumed analogy for 'Lind' is a giantess from Norse mythology named Rindr/Rind . She is best known for bearing Odin's child Vali, born specifically to avenge the death of Balder. For greater detail you can check out her Wiki entry under the keyword Rindr. During the course of my research on her character, I came upon some entries that say she was sometimes regarded as the primal goddess of the frozen Earth. Thus it might not be a coincidence that Kosuke Fujishima portrayed her as having ice magic. --Peorthmegami 23:58, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lind (Oh My Goddess!)


text:
Binnaz Uslu

Binnaz Uslu (born March 12, 1985, in Ankara) is a retired Turkish middle-distance and long-distance runner. She was banned from sport for life in 2014, after her second doping violation.

The 165 cm tall athlete at 55 kg is a member of Enkaspor athletics team, where she was coached by Yahya Sevüktekin. Uslu was a student at the Gazi University in Ankara.

She participated at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería and won a bronze medal in 800 m with 2:02.68. In the 4×400 metres relay, she won another bronze medal with her teammates Özge Gürler, Birsen Bekgöz and Pınar Saka in 3:40.75 minutes. In 2006 at the 13th SPAR European Cross Country Championships in San Giorgio su Legnano, Italy she won the gold medal in the under 23 section.

She won the silver medal at the 2010 European Cross Country Championships behind Jessica Augusto.

Doping
Uslu failed a drug test for doping taken by the IAAF during a camp in Antalya, Turkey on March 13, 2007. She was banned from athletics from March 2007 to March 2009. Her coach Yahya Sevüktekin was also banned.

In 2014, she was banned from sport for life after the IAAf re-analyzed a sample she had given at the 2011 IAAF World Athletics Championships in Daegu.

Personal bests

 * 1000 m: 2:41.79 NR junior (2006)
 * 1500 m: 4:11.36 (2010)
 * 3000 m: 9:06.82 (2010)
 * 3000 m steeplechase: 9:24.06 NR (2011)
 * 5000 m: 15:57.21 (2005)
 * 10,000 m: 34:34.79 (2006)

title: Binnaz Uslu


text:
Kevin Talley

Kevin Talley (born May 21, 1979) is an American heavy metal drummer for Sylencer and Feared. He was part of Dying Fetus, Misery Index, Six Feet Under, Nothnegal, Chimaira, Suffocation and Dååth, and toured with Battlecross in 2013.

History
Talley filled in on drums with The Black Dahlia Murder after their touring drummer, Pierre Langlois, was denied entry into the States by his home country of Canada. He was a session drummer on Soils of Fate's 2003 release Crime Syndicate. He filled in with The Red Chord for their 2006 tour, and was also filling in with Hate Eternal for their 2006 North American tour, after Derek Roddy left the band for personal reasons. In May and June 1998, Kevin filled in the drum throne for Suffocation on their U.S. tour. Kevin also auditioned to be the drummer for Slayer after Paul Bostaph's departure in late 2001, but the job ultimately went to their original drummer, Dave Lombardo. Talley played on Chimaira's self-titled album and toured with them until early 2006. He now plays with Dååth and Nothnegal; in addition to this, he played drums in 2012 on the tracks titled "Cradle to Grave" and "Novus Ordo Seclorum" by Creative Waste. In 2019 he played drums on Nonvector's debut EP "A Short Trip Home".

Personal life
Talley was born in San Antonio and lives there.

Discography

 * Absence of the Sacred - Come Hither O Herald of Death (2012)
 * Dying Fetus – Killing on Adrenaline (1998)
 * Dying Fetus – Grotesque Impalement (EP) (2000)
 * Dying Fetus – Destroy the Opposition (2000)
 * Misery Index – Overthrow (EP) (2001)
 * Misery Index – split w/ Commit Suicide (album)|Split with Commit Suicide (EP) (2002)
 * Soils of Fate – Crime Syndicate (2003)
 * Misery Index – Dissent (EP) (2004)
 * Chimaira – Chimaira (2005)
 * Dååth – The Hinderers (2007)
 * Dååth – The Concealers (2009)
 * Dååth – Dååth (2010)
 * Enders Game – What We've Lost (2010)
 * Mike Chlasciak – The Metalworker (2011)
 * Truth Corroded – Worship the Bled (2011)
 * Science of Disorder – Heart, Blood and Tears... (2011)
 * Nothnegal – Decadence (2012)
 * Six Feet Under – Undead (2012)
 * Sylencer – A Lethal Dose of Truth (2012)
 * Darkrise – RealEyes (2013)
 * Feared – "Furor Incarnatus" (2013)
 * Six Feet Under – Unborn (2013)
 * Acts of Tragedy – "Cursed Words" (2013) (Guest in "What Remains")
 * Bleeding Utopia – Darkest Potency (2014)
 * Omega Diatribe – Hydrozoan Periods (2014)
 * Stardown – Void (2014)
 * Misanthrope Monarch – "The Omega Embrace" | Single (2015)
 * Omega Diatribe – Abstract Ritual (2015)
 * Feared – Synder (2015)
 * Collapse – In the Shadow of Man (2015)
 * Heisenberg – The Empire Business (2017)
 * JB Andrews – The Darkening (2017)
 * Siriun – In Chaos We Trust (2018)
 * Nonvector – A Short Trip Home (2019)
 * Power Concept – Antropocentricity (2022)

title: Kevin Talley


text:
Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani

Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725–1813) was an Italian anatomist and physiologist.

Caldani was born in Bologna, Italy. He studied medicine in Bologna, receiving his degree in 1750, and became a professor of practical medicine in 1755. Caldani left to become professor of theoretical medicine at Padua, and in 1771 became professor of anatomy, retiring in 1805.

He was a champion of Haller's theory of irritability and was noted for experimental studies on the function of the spinal cord and for the introduction of electricity in the physiology of the nerves. His most celebrated work is his anatomical atlas, in which he was aided by his nephew Floriano. He died in Padua, Italy in 1813.

Works

 * "Sull' intensività et irritabilità di alune parti degli animali" (Bologna, 1757)
 * "Lettera sopra l'irritabilità et insensività Halleriana" (Bologne, 1759)
 * "Lettera sull'uso del muschio nella idrofobia" (Venice, 1767)
 * "Esame del capitolo settimo dell'ultima opera di Antonio de Haen" (Padua, 1770)
 * "Innesto felice del vajuolo" (Padua, 1768)
 * "Institutiones pathologicae" (Padua, 1772, 1776; Leyden, 1784; Venice, 1786; Naples, 1787), translated into German by Reuss (1784), and issued at Prague (1793), in connection with "Institutiones physiologicae"; "Dialoghi di fisiologia e di pathologia" (Padua, 1778, 1793)
 * "Institutiones physiologicae" (Padua, 1773, 1778; Leyden, 1784; Venice, 1786; Naples, 1787)
 * "Institutiones semeioticae" (Padua, 1808)
 * "Icones anatomicae" with 5 vols. of "Explicatio iconum" (Venice, 1801–13)

title: Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani


text:
User:DannyK

You know what's depressing? My father has a more exciting Wikipedia page than me≥.

title: User:DannyK


text: File:Thb locomotive 22.jpg

title: File:Thb locomotive 22.jpg


text:
Baringo

Baringo may refer to:

 * Lake Baringo, Kenya
 * Baringo County, Kenya

Баринго (значения) Baringo

title: Baringo


text:
Russ Gamester

Russell (Russ) Gamester, born on January 9, 1965, in Lombard, Illinois, is an American auto racing driver.

A long time competitor in United States Auto Club (USAC) racing, Gamester collected the USAC National Midget title in 1989. Now residing in Peru, Indiana, he competes in the USAC Silver Crown Series. He passed his IRL rookie test at Texas Motor Speedway in 2000. He attempted to complete rookie orientation for the 2000 Indianapolis 500 in a Dreyer & Reinbold Racing car, but failed to complete the test.

title: Russ Gamester


text:
Pacific Ocean Blue

Pacific Ocean Blue is the only studio album by American musician Dennis Wilson, co-founder of the Beach Boys. When released in August 1977, it was warmly received critically, and noted for outselling the Beach Boys' contemporary efforts. Two singles were issued from the album, "River Song" and "You and I", which did not chart.

The album remains a focal point of Wilson's legacy, being referred to as a "classic". It was voted number 838 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums. Wilson intended to record a follow-up, entitled Bambu, but the album was left unfinished at the time of his death in December 1983.

Background and recording
After several attempts, starting in 1970, to realize his own project, some of which made it to the finished album, Wilson recorded the bulk of Pacific Ocean Blue in the months spanning the fall of 1976 to the following spring, at the Beach Boys' own Brother Studios. At the time of recording, Dennis' hard living had begun affecting his looks and more importantly his singing voice, which now delivered grainy and rough, yet still deeply soulful, vocals.

Recalling the time Wilson spent working on the album, co-producer Gregg Jakobson said, "This was when he fully accepted himself as an artist. Brian had shown him chords on the piano, but as he'd become more proficient the music that came forth was not derivative of that. Having his own studio helped tremendously. With a little encouragement, and the right tools, Dennis took off."

Reception
Released in August 1977, Pacific Ocean Blue received mixed reviews upon release, but in subsequent years has been re-evaluated by critics and is now widely praised. It has appeared on "Best-of" lists including Robert Dimery's "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die," and Mojo's "Lost Albums You Must Own" and "70 of the Greatest Albums of the 70s" lists. In 2005, it was ranked No. 18 in GQ's "The 100 Coolest Albums in the World Right Now!" list. He did occasionally perform his solo material on the 1977 Beach Boys tour. Pacific Ocean Blue later developed a status as a cult item. In December 2018, under the name Chewing, Nik Ewing of Local Natives along with Cults, Nico Segal and Pop Etc covered Dennis Wilson's album in its entirety.

At the time of its initial release, the album didn't do well commercially: Despite a significant promotional campaign, the album peaked at No. 96 during a short 12-week Billboard chart run. The disappointing performance of the record, combined with Wilson's increasingly unreliable professional behavior, led his record label to pull support for a modest West Coast tour that had been scheduled to promote the album.

In a 1977 interview, Brian reported that his reaction when Dennis played him early mixes of the album was "Dennis, that's funky! That's funky!" Dennis remembered,

"When my record was finished, Brian was the first to hear it. In the middle of some tracks he'd say, 'I can't stand this' and walk out of the room. Sometimes he'd laugh. Sometimes he'd cry. I guess he was thinking that he'd seen me grow up as a musician."

In a 2008 interview, Brian said that he had never heard the album. He clarified in his 2016 memoir:

"After Dennis died, people used to ask me all the time what I thought about his solo record, Pacific Ocean Blue. I have said that I never heard it, that I won't listen to it, that it’s too many sad memories and too much for me. That’s sort of true, but not really. I know the music on it. I was around for much of the time in the mid-'70s when Dennis was cutting the record. I loved what he was doing. My favorite song that he ever made was ['You and I']. ... I love that cut. But I haven't ever put the record on and listened through it the way I have with other records, or the way that other people have with that record."The Beach Boys' Al Jardine retrospectively said of the album: "'...I like [Dennis'] music better than some of our stuff. When I listen to his music now it's like, 'God, that's better than anything we've ever done.' ... [Pacific Ocean Blue]'s strong, original and melodic. Great production.'"

Release history
Issued by Caribou/CBS Records on CD in 1991, Pacific Ocean Blue went out of print within a year due to ongoing disagreements over copyright ownership; the album was virtually unavailable for more than fifteen years. Before it was reissued in 2008, copies of the extremely rare 1991 CD sold for over $200.

Legacy Recordings released a special 30th anniversary, 2-disc edition of Pacific Ocean Blue on June 17, 2008. It includes material from the Bambu sessions. A limited edition 180-gram vinyl multi-LP box set was also released on the Sundazed label.

Notable on the reissue is the inclusion of the song "Holy Man", recorded for Pacific Ocean Blue in 1977, in two versions. Wilson had completed work on the instrumental backing track but never finished a satisfactory vocal, erasing an original attempt. For the reissue, Taylor Hawkins of the Foo Fighters was recruited to record a vocal version in Wilson's style given their similarities. The song's original lyricist, Gregg Jakobson, was tapped to help recall the song's original melody and to write lyrics for the song. Queen guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor also recorded backing vocals for the track, along with guitar by May, although their contributions went unused until the version featuring them was released as part of Record Store Day 2019.

Despite missing the UK Album Chart on its original 1977 release, the expanded reissue of Pacific Ocean Blue entered the UK album chart at No. 16, also reaching No. 5 on the Norway album chart. In addition, the package managed to reach No. 8 on Billboard's Top Pop Catalog Albums chart.

Personnel
• Dennis Wilson – Lead and backing vocals, piano, Hammond organ, ARP synthesizer, Moog bass, Minimoog, Clavinet, Fender Rhodes, drums, percussion, bass harmonica, tuba on "Dreamer", violin on "Time", lap steel guitar on "Farewell My Friend", viola and cello on "Tug of Love", arrangements

• Carli Muñoz – Harpsichord on "Mexico", percussion, producer

• Carl Wilson – Lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals, co-lead vocals

• Bruce Johnston – Backing vocals, vocal arrangement on "End of the Show"

• Hal Blaine – Drums on "What's Wrong" and "You and I"

• Joe Chemay – Backing vocals

• Chuck Domanico, James Jamerson, Dave Hessler, Wayne Tweed – Bass guitar

• Ricky Fataar – Drums, tambourine on "Holy Man"

• John Hanlon – Engineer; lead guitar on "Dreamer"

• Gregg Jakobson – Producer; backing vocals

• Earle Mankey – Guitar, Engineer

• Dean Torrence – Background vocals

• Billy Hinsche – Rhythm guitar, backing vocals

• Trisha Roach – Backing vocals

• Baron Stewart – Backing vocals

• Jim Dutch – Backing vocals

• Karen Lamm-Wilson – Backing vocals

• Robert Lamm – Backing vocals on "What's Wrong"

• Gayle Levant – Harp on "End of the Show"

• Stephen Moffitt – Chief engineer

• Michael Andreas – Alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, flute, clarinet

• Lance Buller – Trombone, trumpet

• Sterling Smith – ARP synthesizer and Moog Taurus on "Mexico"; “Are You Real” and “Common”

• Tommy Smith – Drums on "Common," "Are You Real"

• Dave Hessler;- Bass on "Common," "Are You Real"

• Ed Carter – Lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar

• Mort Klanfer – Bass guitar on "You and I"

• Bobby Figueroa – Drums; congas on "You and I"

• Manolo Badrena – Percussion

• Janice Hubbard – Oboe

• Bill Lamb – Trumpet, cornet, trombone

• Charles McCarthy – Tenor and baritone saxophone

• Eddie Tuleja – Lead guitar, rhythm guitar, slide guitar, banjo, mandolin on "Rainbows"; backing vocals

• Sid Sharp – Live strings ensemble

• Alexander Hamilton's Double Rock Baptist Choir
 * Per Craig Slownski

title: Pacific Ocean Blue


text:
Bobby East

Robert John East (December 17, 1984 – July 13, 2022) was an American professional stock car racing driver. He raced in USAC, ARCA, and NASCAR. During his career in the latter two, East was a member of Ford's driver development program.

Racing career
In 2001, East became the youngest driver at 16 years old to win a feature USAC National Midget event at the Illiana Motor Speedway in Schererville, Indiana.

East competed full-time in the USAC National Midget Series where he was the champion in 2004 driving the Steve Lewis Racing No. 9. The car's chassis was built by his father, Bob East, who is a renowned short-track car builder of midgets, sprints, and silver crown machines. The title gave him the distinction of being the youngest national champion in the series' history at age 19.

East was the most victorious driver during the 2004 USAC season with 15 victories among the series' three divisions. He wound up in victory lane seven times in national midgets, five times in national sprint cars, and once each in the Silver Crown, Western States Sprint Car, and Speedrome Regional Midget Series during the season. The highlights of the season were winning the Hut Hundred and the Turkey Night Grand Prix. During this prestigious time he attained the nickname 'Beast' among his loyal fans, which is an amalgamation of the first letter of his first-name 'B' combined alongside his last-name 'East', which is unlike his kind demeanor and character to those that know him, but better describes his victorious 2004 season on Team Lewis placing 1st overall in his No. 9 car.

East then moved on to racing stock cars. He first attempted to qualify for three races in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series in Roush Racing's No. 33 Ford, but failed to qualify for two of those races. In the one where he did qualify (at Phoenix), he wrecked late in that event and finished 30th. Additionally, he drove the No. 21 for Wood Brothers/JTG Racing at the Homstead season-finale, but failed to qualify for that race, too. Also that year, East made his ARCA Re/Max Series debut, where he competed at Talladega in October 2005, driving the No. 29 Ford for K Automotive Racing. A few weeks later, he made his NASCAR Busch Series debut at Memphis in the No. 46 for ST Motorsports and had a solid race, finishing 17th.

In 2006, East competed nearly full-time in the same truck, where he was teammates in the team's driver development program with fellow rookie Marcos Ambrose, who drove the team's No. 20 truck. East would finish the year 23rd in points despite missing the first two races of the season.

In 2007, East ran part-time in the Busch Series with Brewco Motorsports, splitting time in the team's No. 27, No. 37 and No. 43 cars. During the season, Brewco became Baker Curb Racing after a change in ownership.

East returned to the Truck Series part-time in 2008, reuniting with Roush to driving their No. 09 Zaxby's Ford F-150. This included him winning the pole for the race at IRP. Roush also tasked East with qualifying Cup Series Carl Edwards' Nationwide (formerly Busch) Series No. 60 car for the race at Memphis, the same track he made his debut at three years earlier. However, East was not able to qualify very high in the field, placing 34th, although Edwards would go on to win the race after making his way through the field to the front, taking the lead on lap 69 and staying there for the rest of the race. This effort would end up being East's last outing in NASCAR.

Personal life
East was born in Torrance, California, and had also been living in Brownsburg, Indiana. Following the conclusion of his motorsports career, East experienced depression, used alcohol, and was diagnosed with schizophrenia by medical professionals. His parents believed these were caused or exacerbated by chronic traumatic encephalopathy from repeated head trauma suffered in racing accidents. As East was a homicide victim, an autopsy could not be performed to confirm whether the disease was present in his brain within the required timeframe after death.

Death
On July 13, 2022, while filling his car with gas at a 76 gas station in Westminster, California, East was accosted by Trent Millsap, a transient who had a warrant for a parole violation out on him. The two exchanged words and Millsap stabbed East in his chest; East was rushed to the hospital, but died from his injuries shortly thereafter. Millsap was later found hiding in an apartment in nearby Anaheim and was killed in a shootout with Orange County police.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Bobby East