text:
Talk:Metaverse

Reference to ChatGPT doesn't make sense
In the second paragraph of Implementations, there's a reference to ChatGPT. This doesn't make any sense. Stray edit from something? 136.159.213.1 (talk) 18:57, 1 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2023
I suggest adding these issues to the criticism and concerns on social issues:

As people increasingly pursue social interactions in the virtual world, concerns have been raised about ethics, sexual predators, terrorism entrapment and indoctrination, privacy, and security. While big tech companies pursuing the Metaverse concept are aware of these issues, they could deter people from enjoying and exploiting the total immersive experiences that the concept provides. Another challenge that may confront the Metaverse concept is the cost for hardware such as headsets and other products that will allow people to enter the virtual world. This could lead to social segregation, as the poor and people of limited economic means may be locked out. The Metaverse will also not suffice the interaction quest for people with different physical challenges, especially the blind and the deaf. The visually impaired will be greatly disadvantaged unless advanced technologies are available to address their plight.

Source: https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/5/3/40 Resilientcity (talk) 06:09, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Already mentioned in this article are the concerns around sexual harassment, privacy and security, cost, and social isolation. You raise a good point about accessibility to those with physical disabilities, and that is absolutely necessary to include. I've added a sentence about it in #Social issues. There might be more in the article, but I'm wary of how closely they wrap Facebook in to the metaverse. Are you one of the authors? Your username suggests that you are in some way involved. SWinxy (talk) 14:27, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

Concerns about the section "Lack of adoption"
It is fundamentally difficult to speak of "lack of adoption", of something that does not yet exist extensively. Decentraland and Meta's platform are specifically mentioned here as negative examples, which do not even fulfill the criteria of the Metaverse, such as interoperability, economic exchange, AR and VR, etc. The Metaverse is still in its absolute initial stages of development, and for example, according to reports from City Group, McKinsey, PwC, will only be ready for the market in 5-15 years. It is a slow process in which many standards must first be created and everyone continues to work on it. Furthermore, it is nonsense to compare Metaverse with AI, since AI will be a core technology of Metaverse. Using opinion articles with clickbait character as a basis for statements here should be reconsidered. Dave-George (talk) 12:28, 11 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with Dave-George. Specifically highlighting Decentraland's concurrent user of 8000 is a disservice to other metaverse implementations such as Second Life, Roblox, etc., which individually has daily active users orders of magnitude higher than Decentraland's. pepoluan (talk) 08:16, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 August 2023
Hi,

Please add sources to the sentence "Proposed applications for metaverse technology include improving work productivity,[31][45] [XX], ..."

We wrote a paper about the use of metaverse in the workplace and we would like to get it to a wider audience.

Thanks in advance, Tereza Tersi Science (talk) 12:19, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

 * We don't add sources just to give the sources wider visibility (see WP:COI). If there's a valid reason for using that source we will consider adding it, but not simply to boost its visibility. --M asem (t) 12:56, 4 August 2023 (UTC)

Blockchain-Powered Crypto Metaverse
The "Blockchain-Powered Crypto Metaverse" seems to be placing undue focus on this one particular possible way to implementing a metaverse. It has citations, but seems to be weaving a narrative that is borderline POV-pushing re blockchain generally. Unsure why this is even here, as there doesn't appear to be any major public discussion on using blockchain to power the metaverse. I think it should be trimmed considerably. -- Zim Zala Bim talk 18:55, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Since it's going into essay-like territory, it's probably better to remove tbh. SWinxy (talk) 19:15, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Yeah. Looking more closely, the first citation is just promotional "partner content" and not really a valid reliable source. THe rest was just hype trying to support crypto generally. Maybe there could be a one-sentence mention of how blockchain might be part of a future implementation of the metaverse, but this is very WP:CRUFT. I cut it all. -- Zim Zala Bim talk 02:00, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, cool. partner content. i love when places do that. SWinxy (talk) 02:43, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

Does social security use metaverse
For application process 67.61.19.53 (talk) 07:28, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

 * The short answer is no. Do not try and apply for social security through a metaverse. In the United States, use this website: https://www.ssa.gov/
 * Please be careful of scams.
 * Information about social security in the US is at this article: Social Security Administration. Grayfell (talk) 07:50, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 Oct 2023
I suggest updating progresses regarding metaverse-enabled interactive learning environments into the "Implementations" section (which is currently mentioned shortly as a promising direction in the last paragraph). For example, Edverse launched Edverse Meta Classroom, which provides educators and learners with 3D visualizing and storytelling functions to facilitate K12 education. Another example is that The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology implemented the MetaHKUST platform in 2022, which integrates learning resources and opportunites that surpass geographical boundaries for university students and teachers in both Hong Kong campus and Guangzhou campus. CLclclclcl (talk) 06:32, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

 * The first source reads like churnalism derived from a press release. It also makes some dubious claims, and I don't think this source would improve this article. The second one is more plausibly useful, but your proposed wording is far, far too promotional. Could you please explain what should be added from this source without using business jargon or WP:BUZZWORDs? Thanks. Grayfell (talk) 08:00, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 November 2023
Re: Criticism and concerns Feasibility [para 1] [para 2] "In an article for The New York Times on October 26, 2022, Ryan Mac, a technology reporter, claimed that for the past year, Mark Zuckerberg has struggled to find the best way to achieve the metaverse. He failed.[69]"

Given source article, suggest this is excessively negative interpretation, which mentions metaverse investment as only one factor in FB earnings call. Still - given reasonable editorial leeway - suggest minor edit (sentence 2) may be sufficient for a fix.

"In an article for The New York Times on October 26, 2022, Ryan Mac, a technology reporter, claimed that for the past year, Mark Zuckerberg has struggled to find the best way to achieve the metaverse. He has yet to succeed.[69] 203.118.175.40 (talk) 20:39, 23 November 2023 (UTC)"
 * ✅ Thriftycat Talk • Contribs 03:41, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Removal of first three words
I’m wondering whether it would be a good idea to remove the three words starting this article (“In science fiction,”). Of course, the Metaverse can still be described as “hypothetical” in the first sentence, but the term has come into use outside purely science fiction contexts. I’m personally fine with either outcome, but I wanted to know what other editors thought. Gluonz (talk) 21:01, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Good point. My interpretation is that the lead describes three different uses: The "in science fiction" part is describing the one specific usage, "In colloquial usage" is describing something else, and "In scientific research" finishes the set. None of these usages are the same, but they all overlap, and the latter two derive from science fiction. One way to clarify this would be to say something like The metaverse is a loosely-defined term which can have different meanings depending on context. In science fiction... That way it's clear that how its used in science fiction isn't the same as how its used in research or colloquially. That's a clunky proposal, but hopefully you get the idea. Grayfell (talk) 01:44, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I would even go one level further and suggest that metaverse discourse has reached a point where we might even be able to unify the three definitions by taking their common elements. From what I can see, these are all the traits that matter across all three:
 * 1. Digital/Virtual - All definitions
 * 2. Social interaction - All definitions
 * 3. Avatars - All definitions
 * 4. Three dimensional - Science fiction, academia and in my opinion enough of colloquial sources to qualify
 * 5. VR/AR - Science fiction, somewhat colloquial, emphasis missing in academic literature.
 * 6. Economic connection - Mainly just colloquial usage, especially via crypto hypesters, but also as trading economies. Lightly emphasised in science fiction, some coverage in academia - not sure about this one.
 * I'll take a BOLD stab at it given the relatively low amount of attention on this article and we can discuss BrigadierG (talk) 14:01, 8 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I would avood that becauae thats original research, unless there is sourcing that shows how the three definitions are connected. M asem (t) 14:07, 8 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The sources don't make any attempt to distinguish these as three definitions - the idea that there is a "science fiction meaning", a "scientific meaning" and a "colloquial meaning" is, itself, a kind of OR. All sources about "the metaverse" believe themselves to be talking about the same thing in a platonic sense. I'd argue it's actually a more accurate summary of the available sources for this reason. BrigadierG (talk) 16:43, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I've adjusted the lead, but it still needs more work. I don't think all sources about the metaverse believe they are referring to the same thing. Many of the sources note that the term is loose and often abused as a buzzword, and sources about the unsupported hype surrounding the term are abundant.
 * Breaking it down into three categories was more about organizing sources to make it easier to explain than it was about making any sort of factual claim about how the term is categorized. I agree that implying that the term has been categorized as such would be OR, but we still need to explain these sources, and this still seems like a straightforward way to do it.
 * Regardless, I really like having 'loose' in the first sentence. That helps make it very clear that the term is fuzzy.
 * Also, while the term usually refers to 3D software, many augmented reality projects are 2D, and there are (or were) fully 2D self-described metaverse projects. The term has also been retroactively applied to 2D projects such as The Palace, as well as text-based MUDs and similar. This, again, emphasizes how loose the term is. Grayfell (talk) 22:19, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2024
Change X: "The metaverse is a loosely defined term referring to virtual worlds in which users represented by avatars interact,[1] usually in 3D and usually focused on social and economic connection."

Request change to Y: The metaverse (or "meta" for short) is a loosely defined term referring to virtual worlds in which users represented by avatars interact,[1] usually in 3D and usually focused on social and economic connection.

 * (or "meta" for short)*****

The reason why: "meta" was used as a shorted term to mean "metaverse" way before Facebook Meta took hold of it. It should be made clear on this Wikipedia page that "meta" is the shortened version of "metaverse", like TV & television, etc.

Not everyone even uses Facebook, Instagram & WhatsApp - whereas the metaverse is for EVERYONE. 90.243.245.205 (talk) 14:39, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. QuietCicada chirp 14:58, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Retail spatial evolution: paving the way from traditional to metaverse retailing
 * https://www.academia.edu/22841392/Retail_spatial_evolution_paving_the_way_from_traditional_to_metaverse_retailing
 * Papagian-nidis et al. [3] have argued that the table needs to be further extended by including the preﬁx ‘meta’, short for metaverse. Metaverses (a phrase ﬁrst used in Neal Stephen-son’s [4] novel Snow Crash, in order to describe how a virtual reality-based Internetmight evolve in the future) are virtual worlds extending our physical universe byadding new dimensions and domains for economic, social and leisure activities [3].They are often referred to as synthetic worlds, highlighting the fact that these worldsare products of human actions[5]
 * Electron Commer Res (2009) 9: 135–148
 * DOI 10.1007/s10660-009-9030-8
 * Published online: 10 March 2009© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
 * "‘meta’, short for metaverse"
 * There are endless examples of meta & metaverse together in tweets before Mark Zuckerberg's name change to Meta:
 * Tweets from Oct 26, 2021 (still days before Meta Facebook was launched):
 * “Help immortalize the SPACE³ Gallery located at -43,20 in the metaverse. The installation is a unique design & is intended to be a permanent installation for the meta.”
 * Humans of the Metaverse > “The Meta City is growing”
 * “Metaverse-me” > “Let alone “meta-worlds” (implying ‘metaverse worlds’)
 * Meta > let’s see your #metaverse domain lists!
 * “Meta Monsters x Nemesis themed metaverse land”
 * Etc.
 * Use the search term/code: "meta metaverse until:2021-10-27" in X/Twitter. [external links removed]
 * "meta metaverse until:2020-10-27"
 * "meta metaverse until:2018-10-27"
 * Etc.
 * There are literally endless tweets linking meta to be the shortened form of metaverse, long before Facebook/Zuckerberg.
 * Many #metaverse in conjunction with #meta dating way back
 * How to become a meta-star in 2015 in ten easy steps
 * December 30, 2014
 * https://www.hypergridbusiness.com/2014/12/how-to-become-a-meta-star-in-2015-in-ten-easy-steps/?utm_source=Metaverse&utm_medium=Twitter
 * "A star of the metaverse. A meta-star."
 * And corresponding tweet from Metaverse @Metaverse 4:59 AM · Dec 31, 2014
 * HB: How to become a meta-star in 2015 in ten easy steps [link removed as not allowed] #Metaverse #Business
 * There will also be endless more examples on the web but this seems conclusive enough. 90.243.245.205 (talk) 17:59, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: A single paper from 15 years ago in a lesser-known journal is not enough to make this change. Tweets are not reliable sources, and the reliability of hypergridbusiness.com has never been discussed. Jamedeus (talk) 21:22, 27 February 2024 (UTC)
 * User-generated content (via many different individual human beings & many companies - with endless examples thereof…) from before Facebook / Zuckerberg’s name addition or change, should at least be taken into consideration for solid evidence of already existing pre-use of the term.
 * That’s all we’re describing here, pre-use of the “meta” meaning for “metaverse” from before Facebook Meta Platforms.
 * In a current search (not using before): "meta", "short for metaverse" >
 * many are saying/believe in these articles that "meta" is simply “short for metaverse".
 * For example,
 * Facebook Is Now Meta: Twitterverse Made Fun Of Facebook’s New Name
 * https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/news/facebook-meta-twitter-reactions-552854.html
 * “Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg announced that it was rebranding the company to ‘Meta’ -- short for metaverse,”
 * Instantly everyone ALREADY KNEW (the day after) that “meta” was short for metaverse. NO LEARNING NECESSARY. It was already an established natural shortening progression in the [early on / in the process of creation] metaverse community.
 * https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-meta-narrative-what-weve-learned-from-the-facebook-papers
 * “Meta is short for “metaverse,” a coinage from a dystopian sci-fi novel in which people retreat into virtual life to avoid their grim physical reality.”
 * However this shortening dates back to at least 15 years ago, as pointed out (surely by reputable human beings to humanity, taking the time to publish a scientific paper - i.e. not to be ignored), where at that time the concept of the metaverse was very early on, but clearly “meta” was/is a very obvious natural-evolutionary shortening progression of the word, and so is not-solely related to the business corporation “META Platforms”.
 * Meta Platforms Inc. cannot use “meta” in its generic form as solely meaning “metaverse”.
 * Meta Platforms is a corporation that is regularly in the news for abhorrent crimes to humanity, such as this reliable source:
 * https://www.wsj.com/tech/meta-staff-found-instagram-subscription-tool-enabled-child-exploitation-the-company-pressed-ahead-anyway-a18e81e6
 * "Meta Staff Found Instagram Tool Enabled Child Exploitation. The Company Pressed Ahead Anyway.
 * The term “Meta” (I.e. metaverse) should not be completely tarnished by one irresponsible self-serving profiteering corporation!!!
 * There are also many/endless examples of “meta+word” with the exact corresponding meaning “metaverse+word”, as the natural progressed shortened form (that pre-date & post-date Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg ("They "trust me". Dumb f****.") > META Platforms), that is of beneficial use to ALL OF HUMANITY. ANYONE can use this naturally progressed shortening because it is ridiculous that they would not be able to, and have to instead use “metaverse+word” every time, because of a business, self-served profiteering corporation’s ownership claim of it!
 * This is why this should be made VERY clear to everyone on this Wikipedia page.
 * Brief examples include:
 * Metaverse Navigator (イセカイナビ, Isekainabi)?, Meta-Nav for short,
 * Meta Zone (Metaverse Zone, or even just “Metas” as the shortened form of Metaverse Zones)
 * Pre-dating Meta Platforms Inc.
 * There’s also use of “word+meta” to mean exactly “word+metaverse”, e.g. Basketball Meta (either a basketball metaverse, or simply a zone within the metaverse). This should be available for everyone around the globe for potential naturally progressed evolved usage, not solely Meta Platforms.
 * There are literally endless examples on social media, where the public communicates with each other! That is what we’re describing here, public use of the term, not attuning to corporate business interests. 90.243.199.154 (talk) 13:47, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Brief examples include:
 * Metaverse Navigator (イセカイナビ, Isekainabi)?, Meta-Nav for short,
 * Meta Zone (Metaverse Zone, or even just “Metas” as the shortened form of Metaverse Zones)
 * Pre-dating Meta Platforms Inc.
 * There’s also use of “word+meta” to mean exactly “word+metaverse”, e.g. Basketball Meta (either a basketball metaverse, or simply a zone within the metaverse). This should be available for everyone around the globe for potential naturally progressed evolved usage, not solely Meta Platforms.
 * There are literally endless examples on social media, where the public communicates with each other! That is what we’re describing here, public use of the term, not attuning to corporate business interests. 90.243.199.154 (talk) 13:47, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Metaverse


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Category:Mexican tennis players

This category lists tennis players with Wikipedia articles who have notably represented Mexico. Note that articles are sub-categorized by whether a player has done so in male or female competition, and also by particular notable competitions.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Mexican tennis players


text:
User:GeoffCapp

Oh goodie, another introduction page. Why not see my LiveJournal instead?

Thanks to Longhair for tips.

Categories I've created and am working to populate

 * Category:Swedish keyboardists
 * Category:British blues guitarists
 * Category:English film score composers
 * Category:African-American singer-songwriters
 * Category:4AD artists
 * Category:Mining disaster survivors
 * Category:17th-century English judges
 * Category:Israeli jazz saxophonists

Articles I created

 * 1) Stephen Flowers American/German contemporary occult author
 * 2) Karl von Eckartshausen German occult author
 * 3) Nicola Piovani Italian film score composer
 * 4) Cistercians Abbey in Wąchock (turn 1 sentence & 2 pics into a decent stub)
 * 5) Bajour (musical)
 * 6) Surf Canyon
 * 7) The Pall Mall Magazine (Pall Mall Magazine)
 * 8) William Henry Meadowcroft Secretary of Thomas Edison
 * 9) Hallelujah (Deep Purple song)
 * 10) Sleepy Lagoon (film)
 * 11) Hack Reactor
 * 12) E. Christian Kopff (from a redirect to a magazine I can't prove he ever wrote for)
 * 13) Colin Wilson (boxer) (rather than deleting the redlink from the dab page)
 * 14) Mats Bergström Swedish guitarist (WP:BLP transwiki from sv:Mats Bergström)

Templates I created

 * 1) Template:Shof
 * 2) Template:Drinkboy recipe

title: User:GeoffCapp


text:
Robert Doornbos

Robert Michael Doornbos (born 23 September 1981) is a Dutch former racing driver who also competed with a Monégasque licence. He has been test and third driver for the Jordan and Red Bull Racing Formula One teams, as well as driving for Minardi and Red Bull Racing in 2005 and 2006. Doornbos then drove for Minardi Team USA in the 2007 and final season of the Champ Car World Series. He competed in the Superleague Formula racing series in 2008, and drove for the Netherlands team in A1 Grand Prix's 2008–2009 season. In 2009, Doornbos competed in the IndyCar Series. He began the season with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing, but switched to HVM Racing after the race in Kentucky Speedway.

Tennis player to racing driver
Doornbos's first sport was tennis. His interest in motorsport grew after he was invited to the 1998 Belgian Grand Prix as a guest of Williams F1. It was 1997 Formula One Champion Jacques Villeneuve who suggested that he should go for a series such as Formula Ford, as he was too big and too old to race karts. He gave up tennis and focused on racing, joining the JR racing team for the 1999 Opel Lotus UK Winter series. He had a successful season, finishing second in the championship after taking four pole positions, four fastest laps and four wins. In 2000, he competed in the Formula Ford Zetec Benelux series, finishing second in the Belgian championship and fifth overall with one pole, three fastest laps and six podiums.

Formula 3 career
Returning to the UK in 2001, Doornbos contested the Scholarship class of the British Formula Three championship with FGR Racing. He finished the year fifth in the championship, taking two poles, two wins and nine podiums. He drew attention to himself with a second-place finish in the Formula Three support race to the British Grand Prix. He then moved to the German Formula Three championship with Team Ghinzani. He picked up four podiums, but no win. The year also featured a sixth-place finish in the prestigious Macau Grand Prix. Continuing with the team in 2003, Doornbos competed in the European Formula Three Championship, visiting the podium seven times. He took pole position at Spa-Francorchamps for the Formula Three Masters event, and finished second in Korea.

Formula 3000
With support from Red Bull, Doornbos joined reigning International Formula 3000 champions Arden International for the 2004 FIA International Formula 3000 Championship. Partnered with Vitantonio Liuzzi, Doornbos claimed Rookie of the Year after finishing third in the championship. During the year, he took a fastest lap and four podium finishes, including a race win at Spa-Francorchamps.

Jordan (2004)
Prior to the 2004 Chinese Grand Prix, it was announced that Doornbos would be the official Friday test driver for the Jordan Formula One team, replacing Timo Glock, who had been promoted to race duties in place of Giorgio Pantano, whose sponsorship money had "dried up". Doornbos impressed as test driver for the final few races of the season, and was reappointed with the newly-sold Jordan team for the 2005 season.

Doornbos completed Friday testing duties for Jordan in all but two of the first 11 events of the year, with French Renault F1 test driver Franck Montagny testing at the European Grand Prix, and Jordan being banned from using a third car at the Canadian Grand Prix after using too many tyres at the previous race.

Minardi (2005)
On 19 July Doornbos was appointed as a Minardi race driver for the 2005 German Grand Prix onwards, replacing Austrian Patrick Friesacher, who had encountered sponsorship issues. In his first Formula One race, he collided with Jacques Villeneuve, the man who gave advice to Doornbos to start his career as a race driver. Doornbos raced a total of eight Grand Prix for the team, his best result being a 13th position in the Turkish and Belgian Grands Prix.

Doornbos and teammate Christijan Albers would have become the first all-Dutch team line-up since Carel Godin de Beaufort and Ben Pon drove together for the Ecurie Maarsbergen team at the 1962 Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort were it not for the fact that Doornbos raced with a Monegasque licence.

Effectively, he became Minardi's last Formula One driver, since the team was bought by Red Bull just before the Belgian Grand Prix. In the final race of the season, Doornbos retired on the final lap while Albers had retired a few laps earlier.

Red Bull (2006)
The Minardi team ceased to exist in its previous form at the end of 2005, being bought out by Red Bull and becoming their Scuderia Toro Rosso team. Doornbos was unable to find a race drive for 2006, but Christian Horner, his former F3000 boss, had since been appointed as Sporting Director of Red Bull Racing, where he was appointed the team's test and reserve driver.

He thus spent most of 2006 testing at the racetracks on Fridays, ready to step into a race drive if either David Coulthard or Christian Klien were unable to race. In his role as the Red Bull test driver, he once more showed his talents as a racing driver. In the majority of the Grand Prix tests on Fridays, he was to be found in the top 10, and a number of times he achieved a top three time.

At the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix, he was involved in a controversial incident with Fernando Alonso, which resulted in the Spaniard incurring a two-second qualifying penalty.

After the Italian Grand Prix, when Red Bull Racing announced that Klien had been dropped from the team, Doornbos was promoted to the second race driver role alongside Coulthard for the remaining three races. He entered with a bang by qualifying in the top 10 for his first race, in China. However, he touched Robert Kubica at the first corner during the race and the delay restricted him to 12th place at the finish.

He was subsequently signed as one of the team's test drivers for, alongside Michael Ammermüller, with Coulthard and Mark Webber taking the race seats.

Formula One demonstrations
In his role as Formula One test and racing driver, Robert Doornbos has given several demonstrations, both on tracks during other race events, as well as on public road. In the Netherlands, he has driven a Formula One car on public roads twice. In 2005, he was one of the drivers of the Monaco aan de Maas event in his hometown of Rotterdam. On 15 August 2006, he made the news with a fundraiser for the children of the 'Stichting Geluk en Vrijheid' (Foundation Happiness and Freedom). At a speed of 326 km/h (204 mph), he drove his Red Bull Formula One Car over the highway A7 on the Afsluitdijk in the Netherlands.

Champ Car World Series
After missing a racing seat for the 2007 Formula One season, Robert Doornbos signed a contract with Minardi Team USA for the 2007 Champ Car World Series season. He made a successful debut in the series in the first race of the season, the Vegas Grand Prix. After qualifying third, Doornbos finished on the podium, taking second place in the race. This made him the first rookie since Nigel Mansell in 1993 to make it to the podium in his first Champ Car race. A drive through penalty in 2007 Grand Prix of Cleveland quite possibly cost Robert a chance at his first Champ Car victory, but he still managed a fine second place behind Paul Tracy. One week later, however, Robert won the 2007 Mont-Tremblant Grand Prix in Canada and as a result took the joint lead of the championship with Sébastien Bourdais. After scoring this victory, the ESPN broadcast team dubbed him "Bobby D" – a nickname he reportedly enjoys. He later went on to win the 2007 San Jose Grand Prix after an accident during the first lap on turn one left him without his front wing. The accident inadvertently put him on an alternate pit strategy that he used to his advantage and secured the win. Although he impressed many fans and drivers alike with his personality and driving style, Doornbos would end up third in points at season's end, although he did win Roshfrans Rookie of the Year. After the merger of the CCWS and the Indy Car Series was announced for 2008, the Minardi half of the team elected not to take part, reducing HVM Racing to a one-car team. This left Doornbos without a drive for 2008.

Superleague Formula
After failing to secure a seat with competitive teams in the unified IndyCar Series, and refusing to drive for uncompetitive teams, Doornbos opted to sit out the 2008 season in search for a competitive seat in 2009. It was announced on 21 May 2008 that Doornbos would drive for A.C. Milan in the Superleague Formula, a newly created racing series where the cars are sponsored by football clubs. The club's technical director is the son of Giancarlo Minardi, former owner of the Minardi Formula One team under its take over by Paul Stoddart. Doornbos finished third in the inaugural 2008 season.

A1 Grand Prix
Doornbos and Jeroen Bleekemolen drove together in A1 GP for Team Netherlands in the 2008–09 season. The drivers alternated races. Team Netherlands finished 4th in the championship, with both drivers having scored one victory, both in sprint races.

IndyCar Series
Doornbos contested the 2009 IndyCar Series season with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing. Since he had no previous oval track racing experience, he has received coaching from fellow Dutchman Arie Luyendyk. Doornbos has finished no worse than 12th in his first three races but the highlight has been a second place start in his first oval track race at Kansas (helped by disqualifications of Dario Franchitti and Hélio Castroneves for dipping below the white line during qualifying). Lining up beside his teammate Graham Rahal, Newman/Haas/Lanigan cars formed the front row for the first time since Milwaukee in 2006. He took the lead after the first round of pit stops, but on that first stop under yellow he bumped a stationary tyre in the pit stall ahead of him. He was penalised to the rear of the field and was no longer a factor.

On 4 August 2009 Doornbos posted on his official website that he was leaving Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing effective immediately. He stated that there was the option for him to leave the team after 12 races and he decided to take it. He also said that he would like to stay in IndyCar and would announce his future plans shortly.

On 5 August 2009 Doornbos signed with HVM Racing in the IndyCar Series for the remainder of the 2009 and to drive for the team through 2010, however this did not happen.

After racing
Doornbos co-founded Kiiroo, a Dutch company involved in the production of sex toys.

He is currently active as a Formula 1 analyst for Ziggo Sport.

Complete Formula Three Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Did not finish the race, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.

American open-wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)

Complete Superleague Formula results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

2010–2011
† Non Championship round

Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Robert Doornbos


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Hurontario Street

Hurontario Street is a roadway running in Ontario, Canada between Lake Ontario at Mississauga and Lake Huron's Georgian Bay at Collingwood. Within Peel Region, it is a major urban thoroughfare within the cities of Mississauga and Brampton, which serves as the divide from which cross-streets are split into East and West, except at its foot in the historic Mississauga neighbourhood of Port Credit. Farther north, with the exception of the section through Simcoe County, where it forms the 8th Concession, it is the meridian for the rural municipalities it passes through. In Dufferin County, for instance, parallel roads are labelled as EHS or WHS for East (or West) of Hurontario Street.

Provincial Highway 10 follows the road through Caledon as far north as Orangeville. The highway designation formerly continued south through Brampton and Mississauga, but the highway was downloaded to both cities in 1997 due to its increasingly urbanized nature and the presence of the 400-series Highways 410 and 403. Highway 24 followed much of the street's northern section (as well as the central section where it ran concurrently with Highway 10) from near Glen Huron to Collingwood, but was also downloaded (to Simcoe County), as it was deemed by the province to be of insufficient importance to be retained in the highway system, and is now known as Simcoe County Road 124 through that stretch.

In addition to these two highways that followed most of its course, Highways 7 and 26 jogged along it for short distances through Brampton and Collingwood, respectively, before being rerouted.

Name and vernacular
The street's name is a portmanteau of its two terminating Great Lakes: Huron and Ontario. However, most of the street was alternately named Centre Road, due to its role as a divider for much of its length, and still is today in parts. Within the central part of Brampton, the road is named Main Street. In the Townships of Mulmur and Clearview, the road is bypassed and breaks up and has several names; Centre Road, Lavender Hill Road, and Nottawasaga Concession 8. In addition, two parts form short sections of diagonal roads through this area.

In the cities of Mississauga and Brampton (with the exception of the latter's central area), the street is still colloquially referred to by traffic reporters, and even by residents, as "Highway 10" rather than by its street names, despite the high degree of urbanization and the fact that the provincial highway designation is defunct in these cities. A prime example of this is the common reference to the street's intersection with Dundas Street as "5 and 10". The most likely reason for this is the fact that Mississauga is not a traditional city, but was established much later as a reincorporation of the rural Toronto Township, thus the road never had a history of being urbanized prior to receiving its highway designation, resulting in continued use of the highway number out of habit. Some businesses use the number in their names, and even the Ministry of Transportation's traffic camera website continues to identify the street as "Hwy 10", as does some signage at the Hurontario & 407 Park and Ride lot and transit terminal. However, the street name predominates in Collingwood.

One result of the use of the terminology is the frequent conflation of Hurontario St. as corresponding to the entire length of Highway 10 to Owen Sound, due to the highway's northern terminus being in that city, which is coincidentally also situated on Lake Huron's Georgian Bay (See diagram in  'History'  section below for route comparison).

History
Hurontario Street was created in 1818 by incorporating the combination of the 8th Concession leading south from the harbour on Georgian Bay that later became the site of Collingwood, and the southern part of the Toronto-Sydenham Road, which ran between Toronto Township and Sydenham (present and former Highway 10 between what is today Mississauga and Owen Sound), effectively creating a branched interlake route. As previously mentioned, parts were also alternatively called Centre Road. That name continued to be used interchangeably at least until the 1950s, and a section bypassed by former Highway 24 is still named Centre Road today.

During the construction of the interchange with the Highway 410 extension and Valleywood Boulevard, Hurontario Street was temporarily diverted between August 2007 and November 16, 2009, onto an alternative alignment. After work was complete this road section was bypassed and renamed Hutchinson Farm Lane.

Route description
Mississauga and Brampton

The street begins in Mississauga at Lakeshore Road in Port Credit, which forms after the end of St Lawrence Drive, a fairly short street. North of the Canadian National rail underpass, it enters the low-density residential district of Mineola, which extends north to the Queen Elizabeth Way. Then it enters the Cooksville neighbourhood, a higher-density area of highrises and commercial development. At Burnhamthorpe Road, Hurontario passes through Mississauga's City Centre, with the Absolute World condominium towers rising at the northeast corner. After crossing Highway 403, it passes by more high-rise condominiums and suburban mid-density development until it approaches Matheson Boulevard, where a preserved historic farmstead, the Britannia Farm, operated by the Peel District School Board, is located. The road then enters an industrial and commercial area, still under development, which extends beyond Highway 401 all the way to the city limits near Highway 407.

Hurontario then enters Brampton, where it changes name to Main Street after crossing Steeles Avenue. Main St. runs alongside the Etobicoke Creek valley until reaching Brampton's downtown, where it passes landmarks such as Gage Park, Brampton City Hall, and the Rose Theatre Brampton. At Bovaird Drive (formerly Highway 7), the name Hurontario resumes, and the street passes through a lengthy mixed residential/industrial rural-urban fringe zone until it reaches Highway 410 at Brampton's northern city limits. Caledon to Collingwood

At Highway 410, the Highway 10 designation begins as the street enters rural Caledon, and it has a discontinuity through the interchange as it defaults onto Valleywood Boulevard northbound and the 410 southbound, with ramps connecting the two sections. The road continues northward as the undivided four-lane Highway 10 until reaching Orangeville, where the highway leaves the Hurontario Street alignment to head for the City of Owen Sound, although it parallels it very closely for 21 km. (13 mi.) as it follows First Line WHS. The reason for the highway's chosen alignment was due to old Orangeville's location farther to the west and (in the case of the former Highway 24 segment to the north), difficult terrain through the Niagara Escarpment. In Orangeville, it runs as a residential side street and breaks at the Orangeville Reservoir. In Mono, it resumes as a minor sideroad to Highway 89, where it breaks again. It picks up again north of Boyne Valley Provincial Park through Mulmur and Clearview townships as a series of broken minor roads with several names (including its historic alternate name; Centre Rd.), running through the hamlets of Dunedin and Glen Huron. North of Glen Huron, it becomes a major road again as it joins Simcoe County Road 124 (which, along with Highway 10, carries the Orangeville-Collingwood through traffic south of this point), until its terminus in Collingwood at Side Launch Way, one block north of First and Huron Streets (Highway 26). The final block is a short one-way northbound extension built in 2009 to serve a residential redevelopment project on the site once occupied by the now-closed Collingwood Shipyards.

Public transit
Hurontario St. is one of the busiest transit corridors in the 905 Region of the Greater Toronto Area. Mississauga and Brampton each run separate systems, but routes cross city boundaries. In addition to local routes operated by both cities, Brampton Transit operates a rudimentary bus rapid transit line along it, branded as Züm, and Mississauga's MiWay runs a limited-stop express bus route. The MiWay express bus and the southern portion of Zűm are slated to be replaced by a light rail transit line, the Hurontario LRT, along the street in Mississauga and a short distance into Brampton. Construction began in 2020 and the line is projected to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2024.

In Caledon, GO Transit runs a commuter bus route along the road to Orangeville from Brampton's downtown bus terminal. There is also partial service along the street in Collingwood, provided by Colltrans.

The base trunk routes serving the street are: Mississauga (MiWay):

Brampton (Brampton Transit):

Caledon (GO Transit)

Collingwood (Colltrans)

The East Route operates along Hurontario for part of its run.

Landmarks
Landmarks and notable sites along Hurontario from south to north

title: Hurontario Street


text: User talk:170.201.180.137

title: User talk:170.201.180.137


text:
Another Passenger

Another Passenger is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, released by Elektra Records, on June 5, 1976.

For this album, Simon enlisted a new producer, Ted Templeman, as well as his clients, The Doobie Brothers and Little Feat, to provide musical and vocal backing. On May 8, 1976, four weeks before the album was released, Simon made her first and (to date) only appearance on Saturday Night Live, performing "Half a Chance" and her signature song "You're So Vain".

Reception and packaging
Another Passenger peaked at No. 29 on the Billboard Pop albums chart. The lead single "It Keeps You Runnin'" peaked at No. 46 on the Pop singles chart and No. 27 on the Adult Contemporary chart, while the second single "Half a Chance" appeared only on the Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at No. 39. Despite the lukewarm commercial reception, the album was, and remains, one of Simon's best-reviewed works. Ken Tucker, writing in Rolling Stone, called it "Carly Simon's best record", and referred to the track "Cowtown" as the "finest song she has written". He also singled out the ("loping, slick") "Half a Chance" and the ("tropical thumper") "Darkness 'Til Dawn" as "equally entertaining" tracks. AllMusic rated the album 3-out-of-5-stars, calling it "an album full of tasty licks". It has also gone on to become a favorite among many of Simon's fans.

Cash Box said of the single "Half a Chance" that "the chorus is authoritative, filled with confidence, and, as usual, her words are striking." The track "Libby" was included on Simon's 1995 three-disc box set Clouds in My Coffee, and the track "In Times When My Head" was included on Simon's 2002 two-disc career spanning collection Anthology, as well as her 2015 two-disc compilation Songs from the Trees (A Musical Memoir Collection).

Film director Terrence Malick appears on the back cover smoking at a bar.

Track listing
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

Musicians
• Carly Simon – lead vocals, backing vocals (1–4, 6, 7, 9, 10), acoustic guitar (1, 10), keyboards (3), celesta (3), guitar (5), acoustic piano (6, 8), electric piano (11)

• Michael McDonald – acoustic piano (1), keyboards (2), electric piano (6, 8), backing vocals (7)

• Bill Payne – keyboards (4, 7), organ (11)

• Van Dyke Parks – acoustic and electric pianos (9), accordion (9), marimba (9), arrangements (9)

• Mark T. Jordan – acoustic piano (11)

• Nick DeCaro – accordion (12)

• Jeff Baxter – electric guitar (1), slide guitar (2), steel guitar (4)

• Andrew Gold – electric guitar (1)

• Patrick Simmons – electric guitar (1, 2)

• James Taylor – guitars (3), backing vocals (3), guitar (12)

• Tom Johnston – acoustic guitar (4)

• Paul Barrere – electric guitar (4, 7), slide guitars (10)

• Laurindo Almeida – guitar (5)

• Stephen Bruton – electric guitar (6)

• Lowell George – slide guitar (7)

• Fred Tackett – mandocellos (9)

• Dr. John – electric rhythm guitar (10)

• Glenn Frey – guitar (11)

• Tiran Porter – bass (1, 2)

• Klaus Voormann – bass (3, 6, 10), electric and acoustic basses (5)

• Kenny Gradney – bass (4, 7)

• Bob Glaub – bass (8, 11)

• John Hartman – drums (1, 2)

• Keith Knudsen – drums (1, 2)

• Richie Hayward – drums (4, 7), backing vocals (4)

• Jim Keltner – drums (5, 6)

• Rick Jaeger – drums (8, 11)

• Andy Newmark – drums (10)

• Victor Feldman – percussion (1, 5), marimba (3, 5)

• Milt Holland – percussion (3, 5, 6, 10), congas (3)

• Robert Greenidge – steel drums (9)

• Andrew Love – saxophone solo (1)

• Bud Shank – flute (5)

• David Campbell – string arrangements (1, 3, 8, 11), viola (4), woodwind arrangements (8, 11)

• Novi Novog – viola (3, 4)

• Kirby Johnson – string arrangements (6)

• Ellen Kearney – backing vocals (1, 6)

• Leah Kunkel – backing vocals (1, 6)

• Linda Ronstadt – backing vocals (1, 6)

• The Doobie Brothers – backing vocals (2)

• Jackson Browne – backing vocals (3)

• Libby Titus – backing vocals (6)

• Lucy Simon – backing vocals (9)

• Alex Taylor – backing vocals (10)

Production
• Producer – Ted Templeman

• Engineer – Donn Landee

• Art Direction – Glen Christiensen

• Design – Anne Gardner

• Photography – Mary Ellen Mark

• Management – Arlyne Rothberg, Inc.

Charts
Album – Billboard (United States)

Album – International

Singles – Billboard (United States)

title: Another Passenger


text:
Aleks Çaçi

Aleks Çaçi (15 August 1916 – 23 February 1989) was an Albanian author of the socialist realism period.

Early life
Aleks Çaçi came from a respected family from Palasa. He started to work at a very early stage of his life. While working the land he also found himself employed in the printing offices of the time. Aleks Çaçi finished the Trade School of Vlora and the Institute of High Trade (business would be the equivalent of today) in Greece. After the liberation of Albania from fascism he completed the school of the regime "Vladimir Ilic Lenin". He was among the early and young authors of the realist literature, or socialist realist as it was later dubbed of the 1930s, as well as a member of the Communist Group of Korça.

Literary career
As a result of his revolutionary activities as well as his writings, in 1936 he was isolated in the city of Berat for two years by King Zogu's regime. Çaçi was an active member of the war for independence from foreign oppression. Since the early days of the organization he worked in the editing group of "Kushtrimi i Lirise"(Battle cry of Freedom) where he published many articles, poems and prizes. Aleks Çaçi was also in charge of another newspaper, "Trumpeta Clirimtare" (The Freedom Trumpet) that used to be published in wartime in the Kurvelesh region in south Albania.

After the war he worked in many newspapers and literary magazines. He spent many years in China as writer and publicist during the time when Albania had close relationships with Maoist China. For work and creative merits Çaçi was awarded by the Congress of that time with the order of "Flamuri i Kuq i Punes"(Red flag of Work) of the First Degree. He published many books and worked in "Lidhia e Shkrimtareve" (The league of writers) until his death in 1989. Towards the 1980s he retired in a smart fashion from the political life in Albania which was eating countless intellectual heads for the pleasures of Enver Hoxha. This was a time of instability with the political assassinations and/or suicides and mass arrests of intellectual figures that plagued the country in the 1980s. During the last 15 years of his life he detached himself from the political arena as the corruption became rampant and the ideals of communism crumbled under the weight of ruthless dictatorship.

With his friends he translated many books from Ancient Greek, Modern Greek and Italian into Albanian. He is widely known in Greece and Italy and his figure is an example of an Albanian intellectual and patriot that is revered in all that area which few people have managed to do. A Collected Works series was published by the Naim Frashëri publishing house two years before his death, featuring three volumes containing poems, prose and short plays of his diverse literary career.

Notable works

 * 1943: Margarita Tutulani - A Play
 * 1947: Ashtu Myzeqe (That way Myzeqe)
 * 1948: Me ty Stalin (With you Stalin)
 * Poezia Shqipe (Albanian poetry), Tirana, Shtypshkronja "8 Nentori", 1973, OCLC: 500456887
 * Këngët e dheut (The songs of the earth), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1951. OCLC: 796234254
 * Bisedë me diellin (A talk with the sun), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1983. OCLC: 17875942
 * Ëndrrat e mia (My dreams), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1965. OCLC: 660236584
 * Aroma e bukës (The scent of the bread), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1980. OCLC: 837909419
 * Na hoqën çatinë (They took our roof out), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1965. OCLC: 660236593
 * Shtëpia përballë diellit (The house in front of the sun)
 * Flamuj të kuq (Red banners), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1963. OCLC: 252410309
 * Legjenda e kuqe (The red legend), Tirana, Shtëpia Botuese "Naim Frashëri", 1968. OCLC: 252410311

title: Aleks Çaçi


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James M. Kilts

James M. Kilts was a chief executive officer of The Gillette Company. He negotiated the sale of the company to Procter & Gamble for US$57 billion. Press investigators estimate that he stood to gain more than $165 million personally in the purchase. Kilts is currently a partner at Centerview Partners, an investment banking and private equity firm based in New York City. In that role he was involved in the sale of Big Heart Pet Brands, and is now looking to raise a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) for a new acquisition.

He was then elected to the Board of Directors at The New York Times Company in 2005. He is a member of the Cato Institute Board of Directors.

Kilts is a 1970 graduate of Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, and received his Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. In addition, as an undergraduate student at Knox College, Kilts was also a member of the Delta chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity.

title: James M. Kilts


text: User:Outhmanoglou

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text: User:Osmaanoglou

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text: User:Oussmannoglou

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text: User:Osman Oglou

title: User:Osman Oglou


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Talk:Galaxy survey

I created a Redshift survey article without realizing that this article exists. I feel that there is enough overlap of these topics to warrant a merge/redirect. Before I do this, I'd like to know which title people think is generally more appropriate given the links pointing to Galaxy survey and Redshift survey. Any input would be appreciated. JHG 02:39, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Galaxy survey


text: User:Tony Sideaway

title: User:Tony Sideaway


text: User:Sikeyim

title: User:Sikeyim


text: User:Fux Djclayworth

title: User:Fux Djclayworth


text: User:Smegman

title: User:Smegman


text: User:Hadagoodlaugh

title: User:Hadagoodlaugh


text: User:Dubistdas Letztearschloch

title: User:Dubistdas Letztearschloch


text: User talk:69.207.164.12

title: User talk:69.207.164.12


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Talk:Kidung Sunda

Friends,

I have been wondering soo many times about the story of Bubat War ... considering that the Majapahit Kingdom was located in eastern part of Java, while the Pajajaran Kingdom was located in Western Part of Java ... this definately means that it was almoust impossible that Majapahit Military campaign to unite the Nusantara (the Indonesian Archipelago) did not calculated that Majapahit had to atleast conquered the nearest strong kingdom (which lies in the same island) in order to achieved their ultimate goal before launched their attempt to conquest the further kingdom (I've heard that Malay Archipelago was under Majapahit sovereignity).

I have in mind to think that somehow the story of "Bubat War" was a mock story made during the dutch colonial era as one of the implementation of the Dutch "Devide it impera" policy. As an Indonesian I heard soo many historically unconfirmed story which the main sense of such story was to put a bad stigma to one tribe, is this story was one of those ?

Kindly enlighted me upon this issue.

Dhanny Jauhar dhanny.jauhar@gmail.com

Reply
To begin with your last remark and question, my answer would be yes. This story is historically unconfirmed and I indeed get the impression that it was made to mock or to criticize some ethnical group. But you must not forget that this very manuscript (not the story) was made in Bali, not made in Sunda. As I wrote in the articel, Kidung Sunda has to be considered as a literary work of art and not as a reliable historical chronicle. However the events told in this text might have been based on true factual events.

It is indeed striking to note that Majapahit is depicted badly in many non-Javanese stories. For example in the Malay language Hikayat Hang Tuah, many of the crooks and the villains are from Majapahit or from Java. The king of Majapahit is depicted as a person who cannot make any decision while the grand vizier, Gajah Mada is a sly, cunning, and unsympathetic person.

Furthermore you must not forget that many western scholars downgrade the actual role of Majapahit. In other words; Majapahit did not really subjugated all these kingdoms in the Nusantara. This kingdoms were just tributaries of Majapahit, just as some were tributaries of China.

At last you must not blame everything on the Dutch. The Dutch weren't interested in writing or inventing stories. They were just interested in making money. I am afraid I have to tell you that Indonesians themselves were not united yet, the Dutch just cleverly made use of the situation. As a matter of fact, it were the Dutch who pacified and united the country which we call Indonesia today. I am an Indonesian myself, so please do not feel offended. You should read Benedict Anderson's Imagined community sometime. Meursault2004 15:53, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Mersault, I was really expecting your reply ... thanks for the explanation, honestly speaking my sundanesse friend was the one who told me about this story (I swear I never heard this story during my childhood) it was quiet shocking when my sundanesse friend told me about this story since in the place where I grew up (Surabaya, Indonesia) the glory of Majapahit was highly being admired. Another shocking information I received was that in Bandung people that being found to be a lazy, stupid or indicipline shall be refer by Sundanesse as "JAWEN" which means that he/she is like a Javanesse ... my God ... I laugh at loud having heard that information. Oh well, I never take that seriously since I think several Javanesse I know also stigmatized the Sundanesse more or less the same. However, I can assure you that as a Javanesse I never take that seriously since I never believed the tribe stigmatization. Anyhow, if you don't mind, I am interested to have personal correspondence with you. Thank again.

You're welcome. Well about the term Jawen, I think in Sunda most of the rulers were Javanese or Javanized Sundanese. These rulers didn't do much in the eyes of the Sundanese, so they are calling people who don't do much or lazy Jawen today ... Probably it was created out of grudge against Javanese. But you are right, Javanese also have stereotypes of the neighbouring ethnical groups. For example; Madurese are fierce, Sundanese women are seductive, Balinese are bla bla bla etc. etc. OK I'll write you an e-mail. Bye Meursault2004 12:32, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kidung Sunda


text:
Talk:Direct sum of groups

Problems
I believe what is described here is more accurately called the internal direct product of groups. The direct sum of groups occurs when you take the direct product and restrict so that all but finitely many coordinates are zero (identity). I personally dislike this terminology because it implies that the direct sum construction is a coproduct in the category of groups. This is not even true for the category of finite groups. In any case this article should redirect to Direct product of groups. Revolver 02:43, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Excerpt:

"In group theory, a group G is called the direct sum of a set of subgroups {Hi} if

 * each Hi is a normal subgroup of G
 * each distinct pair of subgroups has trivial intersection, and
 * G = <{Hi}>; in other words, G is generated by the subgroups {Hi}.

If G is the direct sum of subgroups H and K, then we write G = H + K; if G is the direct sum of a set of subgroups {Hi}, we often write G = ∑Hi. Loosely speaking, a direct sum is isomorphic to a direct product of subgroups."

This is incorrect as stated. Take the case Gi = Z, the integers, for i = 1, 2, 3,... Then take the direct sum of the Gi as abelian groups, meaning each element has all but finitely many zero coordinates. Then this group, call it G, is indeed the internal direct sum of the Gi, in the sense defined above, but it is not "isomorphic to a direct product of subgroups", since the direct product of the subgroups Gi consists of all elements of the cartesian product, not just those with finitely many non-zero coordinates. This direct product is not isomorphic to G.

The article seems to be attempting to discuss internal direct sums and internal direct products, but it confuses the two. This problem is compounded by the fact that the assumption is constantly made that there is a finite number of groups. Although the direct sum and direct product are the same as objects here, they are not the same spiritually: The direct product of a finite number of abelian groups is the direct product group together with the projection maps, while the direct sum of a finite number of abelian groups is the direct product (= sum) group together with the injection maps. For general groups it's different still: the direct product of groups is still the direct product with projections, but the "direct sum" is now the free product. All these things are confused together in the article. Revolver 02:59, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

My remark 02:43, 21 July 2005 (UTC) is correct. I mean, it should redirect to Free product of groups while this content should redirect to Internal direct product of groups. Revolver 18:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Another correction: I believe this is the internal weak direct product. Which is not the same as the direct sum. Revolver 21:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

I've changed my view somewhat. I'm willing to live with the current name, but I still think a strong warning is needed that this is not the usual "direct sum" idea as it usually is meant in most other areas of math. And in any case the statement I mentioned above was still false, regardless. Revolver 05:01, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

The lead is too long
Right now, the lead is much too long. Many details need to be moved from the lead into the body of the article. Bender2k14 (talk) 18:45, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

An expert should have a look
I am not an expert in this field, but to me the article is confusing.

* in other words, G is generated by the subgroups {Hi}.

Following the link one doesn't learn what it means that a group is "generated" by a set of groups. Probably what is meant is what is explained in the section "Generalization to sums over infinite sets" so that the definition there of the "external" direct sum should be taken as the actual definition of what the article is about.

* Loosely speaking, a direct sum is isomorphic to a weak direct product of subgroups.

Qualifying the well understood concept of a direct product with the word "weak" does not bring any deeper insight to me. Nowhere else on Wikipedia one will find a hint as to how to understand "weak" in this context. Drop this sentence.

* Thus, in a sense, the direct sum is an "internal" external direct sum.

In which sense? One can find on Wikipedia this definition of an "internal" direct sum, but it doesn't match the present use of the word.

Any expert, please have a look.

Kai Neergård (talk) 11:18, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Added note: The reason why I want an expert to have a look is that I think the terminology on Wikipedia should be that of practitioners in the field. On the other hand, in my own field physics, in particular quantum mechanics, there is a long tradition of using the term "direct sum" just synonymously with "direct product" in relation to such objects as matrices and group representations. This seems to be also the viewpoint in the articles Direct sum and Matrix addition. Presently, some matematicians seem to want "direct sum" to be synonymous with the category-theoretical concept of a coproduct. Why actually, when this other term is there already? The aforementioned use of "direct sum" is much older than category theory.

Kai Neergård (talk) 00:43, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

terminology
This article is sort of confused with three distinctions. One is just terminology. "Sum" seems more common for the abelian case versus "Product" for non-abelian. The second is internal versus external direct product/sum. The third is the infinite index set business, where the categorical sum (coproduct) and categorical product diverge.

I think these are all already covered more clearly on the direct product of groups page. I don't see what this article adds. I'd say just redirect it. --206.214.242.230 (talk) 16:17, 12 February 2015 (UTC) PS: The categorical coproduct for non-abelian groups is actually the free product.

New Author. I apologize if I should have started a new section. But IMO this article at the very least has functionality as a descriptor of how many authors use the term. IOW it may need more references as to where this may be true. — Preceding unsigned comment added by YouRang? (talk • contribs) 17:28, 3 July 2015 (UTC) E.g. if this is a correct description of what is meant on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitely-generated_abelian_group by "direct sum of groups", then it is appropriate. If not, then perhaps this other page is the one that should be edited. — Preceding unsigned comment added by YouRang? (talk • contribs) 17:31, 3 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Direct sum of groups


text:
Surcingle

A surcingle is a strap made of leather or leather-like synthetic materials such as nylon or neoprene, sometimes with elastic, that fastens around the horse's girth.

A surcingle may be used for ground training, some types of in-hand exhibition, and over a saddle or horse pack to stabilize the rider's weight. It also is a primary component of a horse harness.

A basic surcingle is unpadded, attaches around the horse by means of buckles or rings, and has no other hardware. A training surcingle, sometimes called a "roller," has many extra rings attached, running from the ribcage up to the withers area. It usually has padding to relieve pressure on the horse's spine. A variation of this design is used for equestrian vaulting.

Uses
Many trainers first teach a young horse to accept girth pressure by strapping on a surcingle before a saddle and girth. The surcingle is commonly used for longeing (a horse training technique), often as a base from which to attach training equipment such as side reins, overcheck, lauffer reins (sliding side reins), or chambons (a type of strap). A surcingle is also important in long lining or ground driving, as it provides rings for the long reins to run through. Double longeing, using two longe lines, requires the use of a surcingle to thread the longe lines through the rings.

Compared to a saddle, a surcingle allows more precise adjustment of side reins due to the placement of additional rings. While a saddle only provides one height to attach the rings (the girth buckles), and can be uneven or at the wrong position, a training surcingle places rings at more appropriate locations for ground work. Many surcingle designs allow the side reins to be attached at several different heights along the sides of the horse.

Placement
When used without a saddle, a surcingle sits just behind the withers. When used with a saddle, the surcingle runs over the seat near the pommel. A surcingle is also used over the top of certain types of pack saddle and pack to keep the pack bags and swag in place. A surcingle is usually used with a pad, and fit to the horse's back as carefully as a saddle would be. It is tightened enough to prevent slipping, more when used with a saddle and rider, less when used for ground training.

title: Surcingle


text: File:Plato's Stepchildren kiss.jpg

title: File:Plato's Stepchildren kiss.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Striborg

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:31, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Striborg

 * Delete Non-notable band. Fails to comply with WP:MUSIC. Forbsey 02:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete above reason. —Tokek 03:38, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Forbsy. Hamster Sandwich 03:39, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm pretty sure "underground" means not notable. Friday 04:52, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 09:01, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. -- Etacar11   00:17, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Zee rocks

zee rocks is a homo sapien who is currently too busy to update this page

title: User:Zee rocks


text:
Bank of Madras

The Bank of Madras was one of the three Presidency Banks of British India, along with the Bank of Bengal and the Bank of Bombay. It was established on 1 July 1843 through the amalgamation of a number of existing regional banks and headquartered in Madras (now Chennai). It was merged with the other Presidency banks in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which later became the State Bank of India.

Origin
In 1683, Governor William Gyfford (1681–1687) and his Council in Madras established a bank. In 1805, Governor Sir William Bentinck convened a Finance Committee that recommended the formation of a First government bank in India; the Madras Bank, which was sometimes called the Government Bank amalgamated Lord Krishna Bank, began functioning from 1 February 1806. It initially functioned from the Exchange Building—the building housing the present Fort Museum—within Fort St. George.

The Bank of Madras was formed in 1843 as a joint stock company with a capital of Rupees 3 million by the amalgamation of Madras Bank, Carnatic Bank, The British Bank of Madras (1795), and The Asiatic Bank (1804). Bank of Madras had a branch network spread into all the major cities and trade centers of South India, including Bangalore, Coimbatore, Madurai, Mangalore, Calicut, Tellicherry, Cochin, Alleppy, Cocanada, Guntur, Masulipatnam, Ootacamund, Nagapatnam, and Tuticorin. It also had a branch in Colombo, British Ceylon, now called Sri Lanka.

Activities
The Bank of Madras undertook all the normal activities that are common to a commercial bank. The Bank of Madras, in the absence of any central banking authority during that time, also conducted certain functions that are ordinarily a preserve of a central bank. It also issued banknotes in the Madras Presidency. These included managing the banking business of the Presidency of Madras and offices of the colonial government of India located in South India, and managing the Public Debt Office of the Government of Madras.

Milestone
The head office of the Bank of Madras was shifted to a new building, on South Beach Road, Madras, in 1897. The site was acquired for ₹ 100,000 in 1895, building was designed by Col. Samuel Jacob, and suitably modified and adapted by Henry Irwin (1841–1922), and constructed by Namperumal Chetty, a reputed builder, for ₹ 300,000. The building is an exquisite example of Victorian architecture. Currently, the building houses several offices of State Bank of India, including its main city office.

Epilogue
The Bank of Madras merged with the two other Presidency banks—the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay—on 27 January 1921 and the reorganized banking entity took on the name Imperial Bank of India.

In 1955, the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central banking organization of India, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India. On 30 April 1955, the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India.

title: Bank of Madras


text:
User talk:Zee rocks

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 02:49, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zee rocks


text: Talk:Bank of Madras

title: Talk:Bank of Madras


text:
Azai clan

The Azai clan (浅井氏), also rendered as Asai, was a Japanese clan during the Sengoku period.

History
The Azai was a line of daimyōs (feudal lords) seated at Odani Castle in northeastern Ōmi Province, located within present day Nagahama, Shiga Prefecture. The Azai originated in the early 1500s and claimed descent from the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara, a powerful clan in Japan from the Heian period to the Kamakura period. Initially, the clan were vassals of the Kyōgoku, but gradually emerged as independent daimyōs in northern Ōmi. However, Azai domains were soon conquered by the Rokkaku and the clan was forced into becoming their vassals. Azai Nagamasa became head of the clan in 1560 and successfully fought against the Rokkaku and Saitō Tatsuoki for independence by 1564. The Azai were long-time allies with the Asakura clan of Echizen Province who had assisted the clan in securing their independence. In 1570, Nagamasa joined the Asakura in their opposition to Oda Nobunaga, his brother-in-law and ally, to honour their alliance. The Azai were defeated by Nobunaga at the Battle of Anegawa in 1570, and all but eliminated when Nobunaga conquered Odani Castle and Nagamasa committed seppuku in 1573.

Order of succession

 * Azai Sukemasa – son of Azai Naotane, established Odani Castle in 1516
 * Azai Hisamasa – son of Sukemasa, was defeated by the Sasaki clan
 * Azai Nagamasa – son of Hisamasa, came into conflict with Oda Nobunaga and opposed him, entering an alliance with the Asakura clan and the monks of Mt. Hiei; he was defeated and forced to suicide by Nobunaga in 1573. He was married to Nobunaga's sister Oichi. His daughters included Yodo-dono (second wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and mother of Toyotomi Hideyori). Also Oeyo (wife of Tokugawa Hidetada and mother of the third Tokugawa shōgun Iemitsu)

Prominent vassals

 * Kyōgoku Takayoshi
 * Akao Kiyotsuna
 * Isono Kazumasa
 * Kaihō Tsunachika
 * Amenomori Kiyosada
 * Tōdō Takatora

title: Azai clan


text:
Pulcheria (daughter of Theodosius I)

Pulcheria (c.378-c.385) was the daughter of the emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla.

She was born prior to her father becoming emperor in January 379, but died in childhood, shortly before her mother. In his consolatory oration on Pulcheria, Gregory of Nyssa described her as “a new-sprung blossom, with shining petals not yet lifted fully from the bud,” and vividly recalled how her death devastated the populace, indicating strong sympathy for the emperor’s family.

title: Pulcheria (daughter of Theodosius I)


text:
User:Zoop~enwiki

My name is not Zoop and this is where I got lost. Please feed me. Pizza will do fine, especially deep-dish pizza loaded with everything.

About
I am a twenty-one year old newbie from Tampa, Florida. I currently attend the University of South Florida, majoring in accounting. After my bachelor's degree is completed, I will go back to school to pursue a Master of Accountancy degree and then take the dreaded CPA exam to beecome a certified public accountant. I am currently in Beta Gamma Sigma or ΒΓΣ, and am trying to get into Beta Alpha Psi or ΒΑΨ for the fall semester.

Outside work and school, I do not exist, like an alternate universe from Star Trek. I've tried excercising through bicycling (record 52.5 miles), karate, running, yoga and weight lifting buit I am easily distracted by shiny objects.

I am currently looking for a girlfriend.

Fall 2005 courses

 * Intermediate Financial Accounting III
 * Auditing I
 * Principles of Finance
 * Principles of Management
 * Basic Marketing

title: User:Zoop~enwiki


text:
Harry G. Leslie

Harry Guyer Leslie (April 6, 1878 – December 10, 1937) was an American politician and Indiana Republican Party member, speaker of the state house and the 33rd governor of the state. His term as governor was marked by the start of the Great Depression.

Family and education
Harry G. Leslie was born in West Lafayette, Indiana, on April 6, 1878, to Daniel and Mary Burkhart Leslie. His father was a local politician and served a chief of police for the town. While still a boy, his family moved into the country outside of the town. He attended public schools and worked delivering groceries as a teenager. In 1898 he was elected town clerk, a year after he graduated.

He soon enrolled in the recently constructed Purdue University where he was a member of the Sigma Pi fraternity and Acacia fraternity. While at Purdue, Leslie was captain of both the school's football and baseball teams and became one of the school's "immortal" players. As one of the school's star players, his team was on course to win the state championship in 1903. On October 31 he and his teammates took a train from Lafayette to Indianapolis to a match against Indiana University. As the train neared the 18th Street crossing in Indianapolis, it collided with another train, and Leslie's coach was shattered. One member of the team miraculously landed on his feet and was unharmed after being thrown out a window. The other eighteen boys, including Leslie, were pronounced dead at the scene and taken to the morgue.

A few hours later at the morgue, as the morticians prepared to embalm his body, they discovered he still had a pulse and immediately rushed him to the hospital. Barely alive, he needed several operations and edged on death for several weeks. His recovery was slow, but he eventually regained his health, although he walked with the aid of a cane for the remainder of his life. He returned to school at the end of 1904 and after another year he graduated. His survival of the "Purdue Wreck" received significant attention across the state and he became a famous folk hero.

In 1904, Leslie founded the Purdue College Republicans. For a number of years in the 1990s and early 2000s, the Purdue chapter held a "Leslie Day" celebration and fundraiser in his honor.

Leslie graduated from the Indiana Law School in 1907. He opened a law office in Lafayette the year he graduated and took a position at a local high school coaching football. There he met Martha Morgan, whom he married on August 16, 1910, and by whom he had three sons, Jack, Richard, and Robert. Leslie became involved in local politics and was elected as a Republican Tippecanoe County treasurer in 1912. He purchased a farm in 1914, but disliking the labor, he sold the farm and bought stock in a local bank at which he served as president until 1924.

Speaker of the House
In 1923 Leslie, aided by his popularity, was elected to represent Tippecanoe and Warren County in the Indiana House of Representatives. He became known for his down-to-earth style of speaking, and quickly made many allies in the body. He was reelected twice, and served through 1929. In 1925 he was elected Speaker of the House, and remained in that position until he left the body. His term as Speaker was dominated by the Indiana Ku Klux Klan. Their leader was arrested and convicted of rape and murder in 1925, and over the next two years many other Klansman were exposed and forced out of office on a host of charges—including nearly half the members of the General Assembly. The Klan had supported him in his bid for the speakership primarily because they opposed his rival candidate. Leslie fought the Klan block on several issues, including committee assignments, legislation aimed at eliminating Catholic schools, and other issues.

Leslie was pleased with the Grand Dragon's conviction and the collapse in Klan power. He personally believed he was innocent of the charges but thought he deserved prison because of his many unknown crimes. Among the causes Leslie championed was the creation of the Riley Children's Hospital in Indianapolis.

Governor
Leslie ran for the governor's nomination in the 1928 Republican primary. Among the five candidates, no one took a majority and the nomination went to the state convention. Leslie won on the fifth ballot and defeated the Democratic major of Indianapolis, Frank C. Dailey, and was elected with 51.3% if the vote. He was the state's fifth consecutive Republican governor.

One of his first acts as governor was to support legislation to repeal the state's 1915 primary election laws, and return candidate selections to state conventions. The measure was approved in 1929, and much to the disappointment of the Klan. The first part of Leslie's term was a period of economic growth and he hosted several high-profile events, including the National Governors Association, a visit by President Herbert Hoover, Charles Lindbergh, and other famous guests.

The Great Depression began in 1929, and was complicated by a drought in the state. He instituted some relief measures, but largely did nothing significant believing that the Depression would soon end. In 1932 he called a special session of the General Assembly to lower taxes. Among the relief legislation passed by the General Assembly was Indiana's first old-age pension act, but Leslie vetoed it. As the Depression continued, Leslie decided more needed to be done. He began hiring unemployed workers to work on state road projects. He also advocated that his program be duplicated by the federal government, and his plan was soon implemented as the WPA. Among Leslie's other projects was continuing to grow the state park system.

Later years
Following his governorship Leslie became a founder, and eventually the president, of Standard Life Insurance Company in Indianapolis. Leslie enjoyed humor and among his close friends were George Ade and Will Rogers. While visiting Ade in Miami, Leslie died unexpectedly from heart disease on December 10, 1937. His remains were returned to Indianapolis where he lay in state before being moved to Lafayette for a funeral and burial.

title: Harry G. Leslie


text: User talk:70.111.24.160

title: User talk:70.111.24.160


text:
Tabletop fusion

Tabletop fusion, nuclear fusion on the tabletop, can be achieved with:

 * Bubble fusion (sonofusion), an application of the rapid collapse of bubbles induced by sound waves
 * Pyroelectric fusion, an application of intense electric fields within a crystal
 * Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion, an application of intense electric fields
 * Fusor, an inertial electrostatic confinement based fusion reactor design, some of which are sized to fit on tables

title: Tabletop fusion


text:
User talk:PlatinumTracks

Well, I'm a Star Wars fan..... I like getting rid of confusion.....lol

title: User talk:PlatinumTracks


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sound Frequency and Emotions

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete, then recreated as a redirect. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:33, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Sound Frequency and Emotions
Original research and associated tinfoil hattery. Denni ☯ 03:01, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * Delete Although after reading it, I feel much less dumber than I used to have. Hamster Sandwich 03:41, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It's pseudo-science. MickWest 15:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless any credible references are found. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:41, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Psychoacoustics, for legitimate connections between Sound Frequency and Emotions. Delete current content outright - sounds like an hoax. Peter Grey 16:01, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Energy Corporation

From WP:RfD:

 * Energy Corporation → Rollerball Sorry if this is in the wrong place. A search for "Energy Corporation" yields a redirect to a disambiguation for Rollerball? (Nonsensical.) Kirz 20:05, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Probably meant to direct to Rollerball (1975 movie), where the EC plays a role (and is mentioned in the article). I'll fix it. (If there is some other "Energy Corporation", we'll have to turn that page into a disambiguation page.) Noel (talk) 20:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It would probably make more sense to have "Energy Corporation" as a dis. page. For such pages as James Bay Energy Corporation or as a list of major energy players. (Duke Energy, First Energy, Direct Energy, Reliant, Cinergy, etc, etc...) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kirzania (talk • contribs) 21:16, 13 July 2005
 * So be WP:BOLD! Noel (talk) 21:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Since nobody has stepped up and made a disambig, I'll leave this as a redir. Anyone should feel free to turn it into a disambig at any time, though. NOTE: You do not need to list it on RfD to turn it into a dismabig - see the RfD header for a link instructions on how to do it. Noel (talk) 03:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Energy Corporation