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Gotlib

Marcel Gottlieb (14 July 1934 – 4 December 2016), known professionally as Gotlib, was a French comics artist/writer and publisher. Through his own work and the magazines he co-founded, L'Écho des savanes and Fluide Glacial, he was a key figure in the switch in French-language comics from their children's entertainment roots to an adult tone and readership. His series include Rubrique-à-Brac, Gai-Luron, and Superdupont.

Youth
Marcel Gottlieb was born on 14 July 1934 in Paris to parents of Romanian and Hungarian Ashkenazi Jewish descent. His father, Ervin, was a house painter and his mother, Regine, a seamstress. In 1942 his father was deported and died at Buchenwald after their building's concierge obligingly helped policemen to find him, a scene which made a strong impression on young Marcel. His mother sent him to hide for the rest of the war on a farm, where he was poorly treated.

Vaillant and Pilote
At 17, he left school to work for a pharmaceutical agency while taking art classes in the evening. This led to a job as a letterer at Opera Mundi, a French publisher which translated and published US strips. After his 28-month military service, Gotlib settled as a freelance letterer and illustrator. His first comics were accepted by Vaillant, a magazine for children later renamed Pif-Gadget. His one long-running series at Vaillant started as Nanar, Jujube et Piette, which was renamed Nanar et Jujube then Gai-Luron for the supporting character who had by then taken centre stage. Gai-Luron is a dog heavily influenced by Tex Avery's Droopy, who almost never laughs or displays any emotions and is incorrigibly somnolent.

In 1965 Gotlib submitted strips to Pilote magazine and was greeted with open arms by its influential co-founder and editor, René Goscinny of Astérix fame. Together they created Les Dingodossiers, a series of mock lectures on random subjects which Goscinny wrote and Gotlib drew. In 1967, Goscinny, who worked on many strips simultaneously while editing the magazine, asked Gotlib to continue the series alone. Gotlib instead launched a new one, Rubrique-à-Brac, which was similar to the Dingodossiers in format but progressively acquired a more adult and less formal tone. Leftover pages from both series were later published in album form as Trucs-en-vrac.

Rubrique-à-Brac was a hit with Pilote's readers and made Gotlib famous. It introduced several signature Gotlib gimmicks, such as the extensive use of random running gags (Isaac Newton getting hit on the head by random objects being the omnipresent one) and the presence of a miniature character, a ladybug mimicking the action, to make up for the absence of settings, which Gotlib disliked drawing.

In 1971, Gotlib gave up the Gai-Luron series to his collaborator Henri Dufranne. He participated in a radio program with Goscinny, Fred and Gébé, and collaborated with film director Patrice Leconte, who made a documentary about him in 1974. Gotlib created another character, Hamster Jovial, for music monthly Rock & Folk. Hamster Jovial ("Genial Hamster") is an incurably naff boy-scout troop leader desperate to catch up with pop culture and impress his charges, two cubs and a girl guide.

L'Écho des savanes and Fluide Glacial
In 1972, Gotlib launched the comics magazine l'Écho des savanes with Claire Bretecher and Nikita Mandryka. The original aim was to get stories unsuitable for Pilote magazine—which was aimed at school-age readers—out of their system, but l'Écho des savanes was a huge commercial success.

However, the trio's complete lack of business training meant the magazine went deep in the red and they were forced to sell it to a publishing concern. Gotlib's contributions to the magazine were published in album form as Rhââ Lovely (named after a rapist's line in Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy) and Rha-Gnagna. Those stories are mostly concerned with smashing taboos and feature much sexuality and other bodily functions, as well as cod-psychoanalysis and pot shots at authority figures of all kinds including divinities. Gotlib, Mandryka and Brétécher stopped working for l'Echo des Savanes after selling it.

Gotlib saw there was a strong market for adult comics and decided to start a new publication and have it run more professionally. To do this, he enrolled childhood friend, Jacques Diament, as administrator and another Pilote veteran, Alexis to help with the creative direction, and founded Fluide Glacial and parent publishing company 'Audie', a comically misspelled acronym of "Amusement, Umour, Derision, Ilarité Et toutes ces sortes de choses". Fluide Glacial launched the career of a number of unknown or little-known cartoonists, most of whom were influenced by Gotlib in the first place: Édika, Goossens and Dupuy & Berberian. Belgian veteran André Franquin contributed his Idées Noires strip. Alexis died of aneurysm rupture in 1977, leaving Gotlib and Diament in charge, though he is credited to this day as "Director of conscience" of Fluide Glacial.

Gotlib created two characters in Fluide Glacial: Superdupont with Jacques Lob and Pervers Pépère. Superdupont is a French, highly patriotic answer to US super-heroes who wears a vest and beret and fights a secret organisation called Anti-France. Gotlib mostly wrote or co-wrote Superdupont stories, though he drew a handful of them. The strip was successful enough to be made into a stage show by Jérôme Savary. Pervers Pépère is a stereotypical mac-sporting dirty old man who appeared in one-page stories. In the 1980s, he increasingly focused on running Fluide Glacial — in which he also wrote a column — and gradually withdrew from cartooning. However, he resuscitated Gai-Luron in 1986 when the back-catalogue was re-published by Audie and needed promoting; he drew enough new stories for a final album, La Bataille Navale.

Later years
In 1991, Gotlib received the Angoulême Festival Grand Prix and, as per tradition, chaired the jury of the next year's festival. In 1993, he wrote an autobiography, J'existe, je me suis rencontré, focusing on his youth, and in 2006 a more thorough one with journalist Gilles Verlant: Ma Vie-en-Vrac.

In 1995, having taken a back seat for a couple of years, Diament and Gotlib sold Fluide Glacial and Audie to publisher Flammarion and relinquished responsibilities, though Gotlib continued his column for some time. Fluide Glacial remains profitable and has outlived all its competitors such as Vaillant/Pif, Pilote and the Hara-Kiri stable.

Graphic style
Gotlib's first series were made in a very humoristic tone. Each story consisted of two to four strips drawn in white and black. Rubrique-à-Brac and Les Dingodossiers consisted of didactic dossiers of short unrelated strips, drawn in black and white. They revisited an extremely wide range of subjects and dealt with stereotypes and clichés in a caricatural way. Gotlib used caricature and parodies to depict the everyday life, and greets it with extreme derision. In Cinemastok and Gai-Luron, the same technique was used, although these series were presented in a different manner.

Later, from his departure from Pilote in 1972, Gotlib style changed a lot, the scenario as well as the illustrations. The last tome of Rubrique-à-Brac is already marked by this evolution, but it became more obvious with the series published in L'Echo des Savannes and Fluide Glacial. These two comics magazine were created by Gotlib for an adult audience exclusively, and made it possible for Gotlib to express himself entirely freely, while censorship was present in Pilote, magazine made for a young public. Rhââ Lovely , Rhâ-Gnagna  and Pervers Pépère  are series exclusively dedicated to sex satire, but sexual matters are also present in Hamster Jovial. Most of Gotlib's strips are background-free, with a large portion of the panels being occupied by elaborate dialogues. Also, the large majority of his series were black-and-white in their original publication.

In 1973 he designed the album cover for French guitarist Marcel Dadi's record 'La Guitare à Dadi' (1974).

Awards

 * 1976: Best French comical work at the Angoulême International Comics Festival for Gai-Luron
 * 1991: Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême
 * 2007: Grand Prix Saint-Michel, Brussels, Belgium
 * -: nominated for the Prix Saint-Michel Press Prize for Gotlib 1: Ma vie en vrac

 * Asteroid 184878 Gotlib is named after Marcel Gotlib.

title: Gotlib


text:
User:Andyshan

He is the god of nothing

And he loves beans on toast ;o)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Andyshan


text: Template:Campaignbox Ayyubid–Crusader War

authors: عبدالرحمن4132


text:
Mouvement d'Action Civique

Mouvement d'Action Civique (MAC) (English: Movement for Social Action) was a minor far-right political movement in Belgium during the 1960s. The party's logo, a Celtic cross, was adopted in 1961 and was also the logo of the successor party, Jeune Europe.

The origins of the MAC lay in the 1960 independence of the Belgian Congo and the resulting Congo Crisis which saw the vast majority of white colonials, who were largely French-speaking, return to Belgium. From within this group a number of extremist organisation began to grow up, most notably the Comité d'Action et de Défense des Belges d'Afrique (CADBA or Committee for Action and the Defence of African Belgians), which had worked against the decolonization of the Belgian Congo. When this aim was not forthcoming (and became increasingly undesirable due to the trouble in Congo and the return of most Belgians) CADBA reinvented itself as the MAC, becoming more of an extremist white armed group. A minor movement, it worked with Jeune Europe domestically, as well as the British Union Movement and the Organisation armée secrète in France and was a founder member of the National Party of Europe.

title: Mouvement d'Action Civique


text:
User:Enochlau/Sandbox

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–

—

Moo

Meow

In the news

Classifieds?

title: User:Enochlau/Sandbox


text:
French Togoland

French Togoland (Togo français) was a French colonial League of Nations mandate from 1916 to 1946, and a UN trust territory from 1946 to 1960 in French West Africa. In 1960 it became the independent Togolese Republic.

Transfer from Germany to France and a mandate territory

French troops landed at Little Popo on 6 August 1914, meeting little resistance. The French proceeded inland, taking the town of Togo on 8 August. On 26 August 1914, the German protectorate of Togoland was invaded by French and British forces and fell after five days of brief resistance. The colony surrendered "without conditions" with British and French troops landing in Kamina on 27 August 1914. The Germans had offered to surrender to the British on terms, to which the British responded a surrender must be unconditional, promising to respect private property, with little interference in trade or private interests and firms. Period news reports suggest the Germans had used expanding bullets during the campaign and had armed native people not under their control, both violations of the Hague Conventions. Togoland was divided into French and British administrative zones in 1916, and following the war, Togoland formally became a League of Nations mandate divided for administrative purposes between France and the United Kingdom.

German nationalists in the Weimar Republic were reported to have objected to the seizure of the colony by the French via an interpellation in 1920, expressing their view that it violated Article 22 of the Treaty of Versailles. They also exclaimed via a news release that "the German Government naturally leaves nothing undone to prevent an interpretation of the treaty which would justify France's alleged intention." The value of the colony to France was found in the existing railways, permitting a new link to the railway in Dahomey at Atakpamé and the ports of Lome, Segura and Little Popo.

After World War II, the mandate became a UN trust territory, still administered by French commissioners.

By statute in 1955, French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union, although it retained its UN trusteeship status. A legislative assembly elected by universal adult suffrage had considerable power over internal affairs, with an elected executive body headed by a prime minister responsible to the legislature. These changes were embodied in a constitution approved in a 1956 referendum. In the 1956 referendum, French Togoland decided to end the trusteeship. On 10 September 1956, Nicolas Grunitzky became prime minister of the Autonomous Republic of Togo. The situation escalated further on 21 June 1957, when the local population of the Pya-Hodo, Kozah, took advantage of the visit of the United Nations mission, to express its frustration with the French colonial administration. Faced with the anger of the demonstrators, protesting against the arrest of the Togolese nationalist, Bouyo Moukpé, the colonial army fired on the crowd that frequented the Hoda market, killing 20 and injuring many. Due to irregularities in the plebiscite, an unsupervised general election was held in 1958 and won by Sylvanus Olympio. On 27 April 1960, in a smooth transition, Togo severed its constitutional ties with France, shed its UN trusteeship status, and became fully independent under a provisional constitution with Olympio as president.

title: French Togoland


text: User talk:62.231.131.110

title: User talk:62.231.131.110


text:
Talk:Gogo (Final Fantasy)

Rename: Gogo (Final Fantasy VI)
Sorry Seancdaug, but I have a few reasons.
 * - Shadow and Mog are Shadow (Final Fantasy VI) and Mog (Final Fantasy VI) respectively
 * - Also, we agreed on the naming that the character pages (if they need to) would feature what specific title they're known for, unless they are in multiple titles (eg. Cid (Final Fantasy))
 * - The template box sort of demands that title too (because of the names of the images)

— Cuahl 18:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Shadow and Mog are at their respective locations because they are only present in Final Fantasy VI. Gogo is not, and while he is undeniably less famous for his role in Final Fantasy V, it's a much greater stretch to say that he's not known (or even, by our standard, notable) for it. While it does create a problem with the infobox, that's really a design flaw (the infobox should not automatically assign an image name, for a variety of reasons), and the solution should be to fix the template, not to give this article an incorrect name. – Seancdaug 18:22, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, fair play. I didn't know he was in more than one FF. In that case you're more than in your rights. — Cuahl 18:38, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Dammit, that's my own fault for not doing my research. I'm not very helpful on the early FFs am I? — Cuahl 18:42, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Gogo's Identity (original research deleted from the main article)
Perhaps the biggest controversy over Final Fantasy VI is Gogo's identity, as both Gogo's gender and identity is not revealed in the game. In fact, Gogo hardly talks, which leads most fans of the game to develop their own theories as to who Gogo is.

Perhaps the most sensible, if boring, theory is that Gogo is simply the optional boss from Final Fantasy V. There is a stiking resemblance in both appearance and abilities, and in Final Fantasy V, Gogo was sucked into a dimensional warp. Perhaps he/she warped into the universe of VI.

One of the most popular theories is that Gogo is in fact Daryl, Setzer's lost lover. This is supported by the fact that Daryl "crash-landed in a distant land", which fans take to be Triangle Island. However, Setzer and Gogo do not show any signs of recognition with each other and the Japanese version pronoun use counteracts this idea.

Another theory holds that Emperor Gestahl survived the assasination attempt on the floating continent and somehow ended up on Triangle Island though this rumor is not supported by any facts found within the game.

An even more spectacular theory is that Gogo is Adlai Stevenson, deceased former governor of Illinois, and twice-failed presidential candidate (1952-1956). There was even disturbingly formidable evidence for this matter (all the following evidence is taken from GameFAQs), until certain fans of Final Fantasy VI were unable to find such quotes of Stevenson's and therefore concluded the theory was false, a hoax.

 * A quote from Adlai Stevenson, taken from his book "What I Think": "I am always amazed by the resistance offered to progress, even the most inocous progress. Imagine, if you will, jumping from one rickety bridge to another, with blind men running back and forth trying to push you off, and you will have some idea what legislating progress is like. The good news is that if you're pushed off, you can always climb back up and try again.". This quote is disturbing in its uncanny likeness to Final Fantasy VI: in order to reach Gogo, the player must navigate his way through several bridges in an underground cavern, jumping from one to another, while strange men in green clothing move around, knocking the character off if they touch it, making the process begin again.

 * When asked about his baldness by an NBC reporter in 1952, Stevenson responded: "I suppose I could wear a hat, but then my teeth would fall out to spite me. I could get false ones, but doubtless then I would get fat just to prove my teeth work. The easiest course is to drape my whole body in robes and shawls and hope no one recognizes my eyes". Gogo is draped in multicolored robes and shawls, and his/her face is barely distinguishable.

 * In another 1952 interview, Stevenson said: "President Eisenhower continues to amaze me. He appears to be an ungainly and graceless man, but when senator Robert Taft makes a move, no matter how ridiculous, Eisenhower copies it with the skill of French mime Marcel Marceau. I haven't achieved such levels of mimicry with my own party, but I'm working on it". This requires almost no explanation: Gogo is a mime with near-supernatural skills.

 * In another book, "Friends and Enemies", Stevenson said: "The legislature is a frightening thing. To this day the state capitol building seems to me a beast ready to swallow me up; the very walls and ceilings seem to crush you as you walk through it". The player's character must be swallowed by a beast, the Zone Eater, to reach the secret area Gogo is in.

 * Stevenson gave a speech in Charlottesville in 1960, in which he said: "Today we are plunged into a battle that is familiar to us. The enemies and the problems are the same. But the terrain is different. The world around us has changed and shifted so much we no longer recognize it". The 'familiar battle' may be a reference to the struggle against Final Fantasy VI villain Kefka, and the enemies and problems truly are the same: Kefka is still the villain, and the problem is preventing Kefka from using the powers of the three statues. The terrain and world has changed, in Final Fantasy VI, Kefka succeeds in destroying the landscape, changing the World of Balance to the World of Ruin.

In conclusion, Gogo is most probably only a funny character, invented by the programmers to provide one more humoristic touch to the game. Everything found on the Internet has yet to be verified.

I understand the delete but the above is one of the funniest things I've ever read.

I should probably mention that the Gogo/Stevenson theory has been picked up by major news outlets, including (unfortunately) Fox News. A simple Google search of Gogo and Stevenson proves this. Therefore, I'd say it's valid conjecture. Crazyswordsman 15:43, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * That would make the rumor notable. Do you have a link to the fox article? --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 15:48, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * That link for debunking has terrible methodology. He skimmed some of the source material and claims that he debunked the quotes, when they could have been found in other works, or even w/in those very same works upon closer reading.  Relying on an index is particularly troubling.Zpops 01:28, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have read the link and it seems credible to me, though it is not a true debunking. A true debunking would require a television show like Myth Busters to go out and hire a few historians familiar with Adlai Stevenson to do a comprehensive search of all his works. This will probably never happen, unfortunately. What the link does is cast serious doubt over the authenticity of the quotes, which were likely posted on the internet by a 15 year old. The author does make several good points, though I agree with Zpops that the site contains no irrefutable proof that the quotes are false.FlameMan 18:20, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Can we make a firm decision on how to address this theory/myth/rumor/joke that Gogo is Adlai Stevenson? It seems like every other week sombody is either adding or removing information of this kind. I believe that the theory/joke is notable at the very least and should be included on this page. How it is worded is something that needs to be decided here and adhered to. Perhaps someone more familiar with WPFF could take lead here.KatzztaK 18:59, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, it is ridiculous how often this article is changed. I see now that all references to Adlai Stevenson have been removed (for now at least). The theory/myth/rumor/joke that Gogo is Adlai Stevenson should be mentioned somewhere, though I'm not sure how or where. More importantly something needs to be done so the page isn't being changed constantly over this one issue.FlameMan 08:39, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I think this is one of the more interesting components of the article and should be retained. Until someone wants to rewrite or revise the section, I think we should leave it intact.Zpops 01:33, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have added what I think to be a short and suitable reference to the Adlai Stevenson rumor. This rumor is notable, well known, and deserves to be mentionedo n this page. Even the Adlai Stevenson article mentions the hoax, as it should. Please do not remove this reference from now on, and I would ask everybody's help in keeping this reference intact, though of course rewording is quite welcome. If an official vote needs to be taken here, then so be it, but from the activity of this Talk Page, the general consensus seems to be that the reference should be kept. KatzztaK 09:43, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gogo (Final Fantasy)


text:
Wikipedia:Multilingual monthly statistics/2001

Other years: 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005


text:
Jerry O'Neil

Jerry O'Neil (born March 28, 1956) is an American retired NASCAR driver from Auburn, New York. He competed in 16 NASCAR Winston Cup Series races in his career between 1990 and 1993.

His last start in Winston Cup was in 1993, at the second Charlotte event. O'Neil was also a frequent competitor in the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA).

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

ARCA Hooters SuperCar Series
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Jerry O'Neil


text:
Bisque (food)

Bisque is a smooth, creamy, highly seasoned soup of French origin, classically based on a strained broth (coulis) of crustaceans. It can be made from lobster, langoustine, crab, shrimp, or crayfish. The French bisque is one of the most popular seafood soups around the world.

The term "bisque" is also used to refer to cream-based soups that do not contain seafood, in which the pre-cooked ingredients are pureed or processed in a food processor or a food mill. Common varieties include squash, tomato, mushroom, and red pepper.

Etymology
It is thought the name is derived from Biscay, as in Bay of Biscay.

Method
Bisque is a method of extracting flavor from crustaceans not perfect enough to send to market. In authentic recipes, the shells are ground to a fine paste and added (sometimes with rice) to thicken the soup. Julia Child remarked: "Do not wash anything off until the soup is done because you will be using the same utensils repeatedly and you don't want any marvelous tidbits of flavor losing themselves down the drain."

title: Bisque (food)


text:
Biscuit porcelain

Biscuit porcelain, bisque porcelain or bisque is unglazed, white porcelain treated as a final product, with a matte appearance and texture to the touch. It has been widely used in European pottery, mainly for sculptural and decorative objects that are not tableware and so do not need a glaze for protection.

The term "biscuit" refers to any type of fired but unglazed pottery in the course of manufacture, but only in porcelain is biscuit or bisque a term for a final product. Unglazed earthenware as a final product is often called terracotta, and in stoneware equivalent unglazed wares (such as jasperware) are often called "dry-bodied". Many types of pottery, including most porcelain wares, have a glaze applied, either before a single firing, or at the biscuit stage, with a further firing.

Small figurines and other decorative pieces have often been made in biscuit, as well as larger portrait busts and other sculptures; the appearance of biscuit is very similar to that of carved and smoothed marble, the traditional prestige material for sculpture in the West. It is hardly used in Chinese porcelain or that of other East Asian countries, but in Europe became very popular for figures in the second half of the 18th century, as Neoclassicism dominated contemporary styles. It was first used at Vincennes porcelain in 1751 by Jean-Jacques Bachelier.

Biscuit figures have to be free from the common small imperfections that a glaze and painted decoration could cover up, and were therefore usually more expensive than glazed ones. They are also more difficult to keep clean.

A popular use for biscuit porcelain was the manufacture of bisque dolls in the 19th century, where the porcelain was typically tinted or painted in flesh tones. In the doll world, "bisque" is usually the term used, rather than "biscuit". Parian ware is a 19th-century type of biscuit. Lithophanes were normally made with biscuit.

Colour
Although the great majority of biscuit figures (other than dolls) are entirely in white, there are a number of ways of using colour in the technique.

Jasperware, developed by Wedgwood in the 1770s and soon very popular all over Europe, is usually classed as stoneware rather than porcelain, but the style of using two contrasting colours of biscuit was sometimes used in porcelain. The Real Fábrica del Buen Retiro in Madrid made a porcelain room in the Casita del Principe, El Escorial decorated with 234 plaques in the style, with a "Wedgwood blue" ground and the design in white biscuit porcelain in low relief. These were applied as sprigs, meaning that they made separately as thin pieces, and stuck to the main blue body before firing. The plaques are framed like paintings; they were made between 1790 and 1795. The figure by the same factory illustrated here uses elements modelled in a coloured paste, and is all biscuit.

Biscuit porcelain could also be painted with unfired paint rather than the enamels normal overglaze decoration uses, the lack of a shiny surface giving a strikingly different effect in the best examples. This rare technique is called "coloured biscuit", and is found from the 19th century onwards. As with 18th-century pieces painted over the glaze, the paint may peel if not well looked after.

A piece could be made with some areas left as biscuit while others are glazed and enamelled in the usual way. A Chelsea-Derby figure of George II of Great Britain (1773–1774) leaning on a classical plinth and standing on a high base has only the figure in biscuit.

This part-glazing also occurs in other types of pottery, and for example is very common in the earthenware Chinese Tang dynasty tomb figures. Other pieces "reserve" areas in biscuit, by giving them a temporary coating of wax or something similar to keep the glaze off; this is a fairly common feature of Longquan celadon (which is porcelain in Chinese terms), and also found in Ming dragons. Some Chinese pieces are described as "porcelain with polychrome enamels on the biscuit" – that is, using the normal "overglaze" technique on biscuit, but with no actual glaze, often a revivalist style evoking earlier sancai wares (which were not in porcelain).

The laborious and mostly 19th-century pâte-sur-pâte technique often uses biscuit for at least one of the colours.

title: Biscuit porcelain


text:
Talk:Cyan Garamonde

Japanese name
I don't believe the name "Cayenne" is verifiable. The kana read "KAIEN". I'm changing it unless someone can prove that Cayenne was the intended Japanese name. Viltris 05:55, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

--Yoshitaka Amano's art book JAPAN (liscenced by Squaresoft, ISBN 4-87188-338-8) lists his name as Cayenne Garamonde. I believe this is evidence enough that his Romanized name was intended to be Cayenne, so I'm changing it back. 71.110.172.13 09:05, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * And that book is in English? Somehow I doubt that, but the last thing I want is an edit war based on the Japanese name.Viltris 22:35, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It's an art book. There's not a lot of text in it.  But there are names in it written in Roman letters and some English, more than in Amano's DAWN (which doesn't have Roman names in it...but those names are established in other places).  I wouldn't want an edit war over it either, but since you don't have the book and I do, it's easiest just to trust me on that point.  I don't think it's necessary to bring in a scan of the page :) 71.110.172.13 07:56, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Zodiac
Analogous to Terra's article, who really cares about the character's zodiac? Should this be removed? --Bakabaka 17:40, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Samurai?
His job class is Samurai? I always thought he was a Knight. Dread Lord CyberSkull ✎☠ 08:13, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

-It's arguable that Cyan is a Samurai, because he uses katanas, and Cleave is basically the same thing as !Fdraw, the final skill learned by the Samurai job in Final Fantasy V.       69.255.21.213 01:41, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyan Garamonde


text:
Talk:French Togoland

[Untitled]
Although French Togoland became Togo, I think it needs a separate entry - being a historical entity.

A few more categories should maybe be added to this article.

Punkmorten 12:39, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:French Togoland


text:
The Cry of the Owl (1987 film)

The Cry of the Owl (Original: Le cri du hibou) is a 1987 French-Italian psychological thriller film, adapted from the 1962 novel The Cry of the Owl by Patricia Highsmith. The film was directed by Claude Chabrol and stars Christophe Malavoy, Mathilda May and Virginie Thévenet.

Divorced illustrator Robert spies on a young woman named Juliette whom he envies for her seemingly happy life. When they finally meet and Juliette leaves her fiancé Patrick for Robert, the situation quickly escalates.

Plot
Parisian illustrator Robert becomes obsessed with a young woman, Juliette. Night after night, Robert sneaks around the house to catch a glimpse of Juliette, until one day he finally gathers the courage to introduce himself. Juliette realizes that she is not happy with her fiancé, Patrick, and leaves him to be with Robert. Robert in turn is not happy with Juliette's obtrusive advances.

One night, Patrick attacks Robert in a deserted area; Robert defends himself and knocks Patrick unconscious, leaving him on the shores of a nearby river. The next day, Robert is interrogated by the police. Patrick is missing, and suddenly Robert is the prime suspect. Nobody knows that Patrick has allied with Robert's bitter ex-wife, Véronique, to take revenge on Robert; he is hiding from the police in order to make them think Robert killed him. Robert's professional and private life falls apart after becoming a police suspect. The situation escalates when Juliette commits suicide, and Patrick launches a vendetta against Robert. In a final confrontation between the men, Véronique is accidentally killed, and although Patrick is defeated, Robert is again left as a suspect in an apparent crime scene.

Cast

 * Christophe Malavoy as Robert
 * Mathilda May as Juliette
 * Jacques Penot as Patrick
 * Jean-Pierre Kalfon as Police commissioner
 * Virginie Thévenet as Véronique
 * Patrice Kerbrat as Marcello
 * Jean-Claude Lecas as Jacques
 * Agnès Denèfle as Suzie
 * Victor Garrivier as Doctor
 * Jacques Brunet as Father
 * Charles Millot as Director
 * Yvette Petit as Neighbor
 * Dominique Zardi as Neighbor
 * Henri Attal as Cop
 * Albert Dray as Cop
 * Nadine Hoffmann as Josette
 * Gérard Croce as Cop
 * Isabelle Charraix as Mme Tessier
 * Laurent Picaudon as Boy
 * Christian Bouvier as Maître d'hôtel
 * Gilles Dreu as M. Tessier

Production
The film was shot in the spa town of Vichy.

Release
The film premiered on October 28, 1987 in France. It was featured at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 1987. It made its US premiere on October 16, 1991 in New York City. Although released on VHS in many countries, the American DVD is the only available digital release for the home media market at present (2011).

Reception
The Los Angeles Times called it "top-drawer Chabrol", and "a gratifying entertainment of leisurely elegance--and delicious nastiness." IndieWire said it was "classic Chabrol: slow, deliberate, gorgeously scored", and added: "there are shades of Fritz Lang here, as well as Chabrol’s late-’60s efforts." TV Guide remarked that "Chabrol seems just plain too jovially bourgeois to whip himself up to the state of moral implacability that characterizes Hitchcock's utter control of the medium. But, in its own way, The Cry of the Owl is just as unforgettable."

Awards and nominations

 * César Awards (France)
 * Won: Most Promising Actress (Mathilda May)
 * Nominated: Best Actor – Supporting Role (Jean-Pierre Kalfon)

Other adaptations
Also in 1987, German writer-director Tom Toelle directed an adaption for German television titled Der Schrei der Eule.

A third film adaptation written and directed by Jamie Thraves and starring Julia Stiles and Paddy Considine was released in 2009.

title: The Cry of the Owl (1987 film)


text:
Chris Whitaker

Chris Whitaker (born 19 October 1974) is an Australian professional rugby union coach and former international player. he is head coach of the Sydney Rays in Australia's National Rugby Championship, and the interim head coach of Super Rugby side the New South Wales Waratahs,

Whitaker began his professional playing career in 1997 as a scrum-half for the Waratahs, where he remained for ten seasons. He also played for the Wallabies, but his Test career there was constrained for many years by the incumbent scrum-half and Australian captain, George Gregan. As such, he got minimal international game time but was in the match-day squad for many a year. He captained the Wallabies in a World Cup Match against Namibia in Adelaide in 2003. In 2006 Whitaker moved to Ireland where he played four seasons for Leinster before hanging up the boots and taking up coaching.

Early life and career
Whitaker was born in Sydney and started playing rugby at Sydney Boys High School, where he graduated in 1992. He played his club rugby at Randwick.

Rugby career
Whitaker joined Super Rugby side the NSW Waratahs in 1997, and gained his first Australian cap the next year. He played a total of 31 games for Australia and scored 10 points. Whitaker left the Waratahs in 2006, and joined Leinster Rugby in Ireland. He won the Celtic League in 2008 with Leinster before winning the Heineken Cup as vice-captain with the side in May, 2009. The final was, in fact, his last professional game before retirement.

Coaching
Whitaker began his coaching career as an assistant with Leinster before moving to France with his wife and three daughters in 2012 to become the defence coach under Michael Cheika for Stade Français, where he remained for two seasons.

He joined Pro D2 club RC Narbonne as assistant coach under Justin Harrison in 2013. Whitaker was signed to coach Montauban in 2016. After a two-year stint there he left the co-head coach role at Montauban and returned to Australia.

Whitaker took on the backs coaching role under Daryl Gibson at the Waratahs ahead of the 2019 Super Rugby season. He was also appointed head coach of the Sydney Rays for the 2018 NRC season.

Whitaker was appointed as NSW Waratahs interim head coach alongside Jason Gilmore on 28 March 2021 after the sacking of head coach Rob Penney.

title: Chris Whitaker


text:
Tihomir Kamenov

Dr. Tihomir Kamenov (Тихомир Каменов) is a Bulgarian jurist, the founder of the CL BioPharma Group.

Biographical details
Tihomir Kamenov was born on 7 October 1959 in Vratza, Bulgaria. He has an honours degree in Law from Sofia University and was a junior judge in the Sofia City Court.

He has also been Chief Legal Adviser, Botex; Lead Counsel in Bulgaria for Apple Computer and BP.

In 1991 he founded Commercial League National Pharma Center in Bulgaria and became General Manager of the Pharmaceutical League.

He has been a member of the board of the European Association of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers and Distributors and the European Association of Generic Medicine Manufacturers.

Dr. Kamenov is also a member of the Bulgarian Society of International Law.

Awards
Bulgarian Person of the Year 1999; Businessman of Bulgaria 2002; Charity Heart of Bulgaria 2002.

title: Tihomir Kamenov


text:
Skepi Creole Dutch

Skepi is an extinct Dutch-based creole language of Guyana, spoken in the region of Essequibo. It was not mutually intelligible with Berbice Creole Dutch, also spoken in Guyana. This language has been classified as extinct since 1998.

Description
By the twentieth century, the existence of a Dutch creole language in the former Essequibo colony was largely forgotten about, and the language only gained the interest of linguists after the Guyanese linguist Ian E. Robertson, who had already brought Berbice Creole Dutch to the attention of the scientific community, also found people on the Essequibo River who remembered a Dutch creole language. In contrast to Berbice Creole Dutch, however, Skepi—which name derives from Yskepi, the first Dutch name of the Essequibo River—was not actively spoken anymore during Robertson's fieldwork. The sample sentences and a Swadesh list compiled by Robertson were thus based on the memories of non-native speakers of the language still spoken by their parents or grandparents.

After Robertson published his material, some older sources emerged. In the memoir of reverend Thomas Youd, who was a missionary in British Guiana, it is asserted that British missionaries learnt Skepi in the 1830s and that they used this language in their church services. According to this memoir, these missionaries also produced a dictionary of the language, which since has been lost, however. This is equally the case for a "word list submitted by a German veterinary surgeon."

In 2013, a letter written by Essequibo planter Wernard van Vloten emerged which contained a small fragment in Skepi Dutch. This letter, which was dated 26 September 1780, is believed to be the oldest source of the Skepi language. In 2020, 125 Skepi sentences and 250 Skepi words found in the diary of Thomas Youd were published in the Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages by Bart Jacobs and Mikael Parkvall.

Sample texts
Since the language was already extinct when Ian Robertson first investigated the Dutch creoles in Guyana in 1975, much of Skepi is known only through the memory the descendants of native speakers have of the language their forefathers spoke. The following three sample sentences appeared in a Zeelandic newspaper in 1997.

"Ek we stekkie brot."

Translation: I want a slice of bread.

"War ek sa lek em?"

Translation: Where shall I put it?

"'Em ne ben joe, 'em ben ander domnie."

Translation: "It was not you, it was that other minister (clergyman)."

Fragment from the 1780 letter by Van Vloten
"[...] en sok kum kloeke dagka van noom di sitte bi warme lantta, en als um kom weeran bi Bikkelante, Hom sel brengk van die 4 blabba moye goeto."

Translation: "[...] and try to come one beautiful day to Uncle who lives in a warm country, and when he comes back to the country of the White people, he will bring nice things for the four children.’"

title: Skepi Creole Dutch


text:
Shawn Christian

Shawn Patrick Christian (born December 18, 1965) is an American television and film actor.

Life and career
After graduating from Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan, in 1989 with a degree in marketing, he moved to Chicago to pursue an acting career. He starred in numerous stage productions and began appearing in commercials. He worked on stage with improvisational company Improv Olympic.

In 1994, he was the first male spokesman on Star Search. He landed his first television role as Mike Kasnoff also in 1994 on As the World Turns. In 1995, he was nominated for "Hottest Male Star" by Soap Opera Digest magazine. He starred on the show until 1997 before moving to Los Angeles. In 1999, he had a recurring role in The WB television series Charmed as Josh, the love interest of Piper Halliwell, played by Holly Marie Combs. He also landed the role of Johnny Durant on WB's short lived series Summerland. In 2002, he portrayed the role of Ross Rayburn in the soap opera One Life to Live. He was cast as a potential cowboy boyfriend of Jack in an episode of the final season of Will & Grace. In his most notable television role, Christian played doctor Daniel Jonas on Days of Our Lives from 2008 to 2017.

Personal life
Christian married Deborah Quinn on May 18, 1996. The couple met in 1991 while they were both auditioning for a print ad in Chicago. They have a son Kameron (born in 2000), who produces music. Christian's stepdaughter is actress Taylor Cole. The two acted together in the television series Summerland and the Hallmark Channel made-for-tv film Ruby Herring Mysteries: Silent Witness. Christian and Quinn divorced in 2013.

On August 5, 2020, Shawn confirmed on The Locher Room show that he and Days of Our Lives star Arianne Zucker have been dating for several years. Since 28 June 2021, they have been engaged.

title: Shawn Christian


text: Category:Christian conferences

title: Category:Christian conferences


text:
User:Enochlau/Images

These are lists of images that I have uploaded, categorised by license and source.

Free images
Click on the link in the "List" column to see a list of images, and click on the link in the "Gallery" column to see the corresponding gallery of thumbnails.

Fair use images
Please see the /Fair use subpage.

title: User:Enochlau/Images


text:
Talk:Some Bizarre Records

It's actually spelt "Some Bizzare" but I don't know how to change that. John Eden 12:48, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Some Bizarre Records


text:
Guaraná Antarctica

Guaraná Antarctica is a guaraná-flavoured soft drink, originating in Brazil. It was created in 1921 by Pedro Baptista de Andrade for Companhia Antarctica Paulista. The drink is produced in five countries: Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Japan.

In Brazil, it is also available as the low calorie version Guaraná Antarctica Zero.

Guaraná Antarctica is also available in Portugal, Panamá, Spain, Honduras, Haiti, Paraguay, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Bulgaria, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands (cans only), Belgium, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom (in some Tesco and Waitrose stores), parts of Japan, the United States, Argentina and infrequently in Germany and Australia (cans and 2 litre bottles) and Austria (cans only).

The taste is mild and slightly apple-like, with a berry after-flavour.

Ingredients
Carbonated water, sugar, (E150d) caramel colour, citric acid, (E211) sodium benzoate and (E202) potassium sorbate (preservatives), ascorbic acid (antioxidant), guaraná extract and natural flavours.

Advertising
One of Guaraná Antarctica's 2006 commercials featured Argentine football player Diego Maradona finding himself wearing the yellow jersey of the Brazilian team and singing the Brazilian national anthem before waking up and proclaiming it was a nightmare, because he had drunk too much guaraná the day before.

Guaraná Antarctica aired a controversial commercial showing the guarana berry plantations in the Amazon region while a narrator explained the basics of the process of producing Guaraná Antarctica and introduced the audience to the guaraná tree. By the end of the spot, the narrator turns to the audience and says: "Now ask Coca-Cola to show you the coca tree...". This spot was a direct attack to Coca-Cola and how its flagship product initially contained cocaine. In response, Coca-Cola aired equally controversial commercials for its guaraná-based Kuat drink, such as one in which former World No. 1 Tennis Player Gustavo Kuerten asks a street vendor for a guaraná, to which the vendor responds by throwing him a can of Guaraná Antarctica, which Kuerten throws back to the vendor. After a few exchanges, Kuerten proceeds to say: "joga direito!" ("do it the right way"), which prompts the vendor to toss him a can of Kuat.

title: Guaraná Antarctica


text:
Saelred of Essex

Saelred of Essex (also known as Selered) reigned as King of Essex from c. 709 to 746. His claim to the throne was due to descent from Sledd of Essex, the dynastic founder. For part of his reign he probably ruled jointly with Swaefbert, who, it is speculated, may have ruled the sub-kingdom of Middlesex. His date of death is known from an entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle although the circumstances are not recorded.

Saelred was succeeded by Swithred, grandson of Sigeheard. Saelred's own son Sigeric succeeded Swithred.

Like his predecessors, Saelred was not an independent ruler, but a dependent of the Kingdom of Mercia.

title: Saelred of Essex


text: Template:Campaignbox Wars of the Roses

title: Template:Campaignbox Wars of the Roses


text:
User:Enochlau/Favourites

"This user Singlish quite tzai leh."

Meetup/Sydney

My favourite things

 * Million_pool
 * 666,666th_pool

Quotes attributed to Lord Denning: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alfred_Denning%2C_Baron_Denning

Image:Panania station 01.JPG Image:Victoria Harbour around Chinese New Year Night with Fireworks and Laser Show.jpg

From Talk:An infinitely differentiable function that is not analytic
Retrieved 24 April 2005:

Isn't the page title a little long? Enochlau 17:21, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but not infinitely. Charles Matthews 17:36, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Deletion talk for Mark Twain II
Retrieved 8 November 2004:
 * Vanity. His book hasn't been published yet.  RickK 23:26, Nov 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with RickK. Enochlau 23:33, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. And such vanity. "In his obscure days his hat was number six and a quarter; in these latter days he was not able to get his head into a barrel." —Mark Twain in Eruption. However, "There are no grades of vanity, there are only grades of ability in concealing it." —Mark Twain's Notebook. Denis Diderot II (talk) 00:08, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: When first a man's fancy gets astride his reason and common sense is kicked out of doors, the first convert he makes is himself. Jonathan Swift II 03:38, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: "To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance." Oscar Wilde IV 04:22, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - In faith, I do not love thee with mine eyes. William Shakespeare II 04:24, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. "I write as a sow pisses." Mozart II 04:39, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'll believe Mark Twain II lives today when I see it. [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 05:20, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. - Vague Rant 05:28, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * So vain that I charitably want to believe it's a joke by an acquaintance of his. He's on Category:1979 births too -- please could whoever ends up deleting this remove him from there as well? (I'd do it myself now, but it feels like pre-empting the VfD process to remove it before the article goes.) Oh, and delete, of course. Pnot 07:51, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"We Three Kings Of Orient Are"
(Copied from Reference desk/Humanities)

What are the words to this carol?

See here. Filiocht | The kettle's on 15:48, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * One in a taxi, one in a car / one on a scooter, 'ooting 'is 'ooter / following yonder star. At least that's the way I used to sing it in school. --Bob Mellish 15:57, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * We three kings of Orient are
 * Bearing gifts we traverse afar
 * Field and Fountain, Moor and Mountain
 * Following Yonder Star
 * Chorus:
 * Oh, Star of Wonder, Star of Light
 * Star with royal beauty bright
 * Westward leading, still proceeding
 * Guide us to thy perfect light

 * Born a king on Bethlehem plain
 * Gold I bring to crown him again
 * ''King forever, ceasing never"
 * Over us all to reign
 * Chorus
 * Frankincense to offer have I
 * Incense owns a Deity high
 * Prayer and praising; all men raising
 * Worship him, God on high
 * Chorus
 * Myrrh is mine, its bitter purfume
 * Leads a life of gathering gloom
 * Sorrowing, sighing, bleeding, dying
 * Sealed in a stone cold tomb
 * Chorus
 * Glorious now, behold him, arise
 * King, and God, and sacrifice
 * Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
 * Earth to Heaven replies.

 smurray  in  chester (User), (Ho Ho Ho!) 16:49, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

I was taught a slightly different version by my father:
 * We four Beatles of Liverpool are
 * John in a taxi, Paul in a car,
 * George on a scooter, beeping his hooter
 * Following Ringo Starr.

Thryduulf 17:39, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Another one to make the five year olds giggle:
 * We three kings of Leicester Square
 * Selling Knickers, tuppence a pair
 * They're fantastic, no elastic
 * Running around all bare

AJR | Talk 19:34, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

And then there's:
 * We three Kings of Orient are,
 * trying to smoke an exploding cigar.
 * It was loaded, it exploded ...

... BOOM! ...
 * Silent night, holy night ...

Zoe (216.234.130.130 21:25, 14 December 2005 (UTC))

From Administrators' noticeboard
With reference to Daniel Brandt:

 * Brandt's chart was obviously a scare tactic to encourage the deletion. I'd like to see him sue for such petty things. "These meanies called me names on the internets and made me real sad :((" (User:EndAnonDiscrimination)

Cells in the Earth's history
User:Johntex/cell division

Science Reference Desk
"   We could create Wikipedia:Reference desk/Medical_emergency and people could ask questions like, "omg my armz r bleding wut do i do lolz," or "Help my hair is on fire, will that turn its mass into energy?" Cernen Xanthine Katrena 07:38, 24 January 2006 (UTC) "

Removing garbage from front of JPEG file

 * Perl. More specifically  .  I then found the number of bytes removed by comparing the size of the resulting file to the original.  —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 00:02, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

HK pictures from Hamedog

 * Image:Crowd in HK.JPG
 * Image:BUSY.JPG
 * Image:Overhead Street HK.JPG

Image:Sydney Opera House Sails.jpg
From Featured picture candidates/Sydney Opera House Sails:
 * Oppose So grainy, it belongs in a silo. --Bridgecross 23:44, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia Signpost/2007-01-29/Court citations
"Given that a number of people have poked fun at Wikipedia itself for cultivating a dry, bland style of writing, the reader may wonder just how bad legal prose really is if judges are resorting to Wikipedia references to add color."

title: User:Enochlau/Favourites


text:
Sulfur butterfly

Several taxa of butterflies are collectively called the Sulphurs or Sulfurs:
 * Coliadinae, a subfamily of butterflies commonly known as the sulphurs or yellows
 * Dercas, a genus of Coliadinae commonly called the sulphurs
 * Colias, a genus of Coliadinae commonly called the sulphurs (in North America) or clouded yellows (elsewhere)
 * Phoebis, a genus of Coliadinae that is not itself called the sulphurs but that contains a number of species which are

title: Sulfur butterfly


text:
Society of British Aerospace Companies

The Society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC, formerly Society of British Aircraft Constructors) was the UK's national trade association representing companies supplying civil air transport, aerospace defence, homeland security and space. As of October 2009 SBAC merged with the Defence Manufacturers Association and the Association of Police and Public Security Suppliers to form the ADS Group.

The SBAC organises the Farnborough Airshow.

Representation
With its regional partners, SBAC represents over 2,600 companies, assisting them in developing new business globally, facilitating innovation and competitiveness and providing regulatory services in technical standards and accreditation. Inside the organisation is the British Aviation Group and the UK Space Agency.

Formation
On 29 March 1915 a number of British aircraft manufacturers and industrialists met to arrange a standards body and production pooling system known as the Society of British Aircraft Constructors. Notable among the aircraft participants were Herbert Austin, Frederick Handley Page, H.V. Roe of Avro, and E.B. Parker of Short Brothers. The group agreed to share their designs among a variety of 3rd party factories in order to be able to quickly produce new designs on demand. These factories joined ones being run by the government directly. In total over 40 companies joined the group when it officially formed on 23 March 1916.

Aircraft inspection
In the post-war era the group expanded to include almost every aircraft company and those related to it—engine manufacturers, metal alloy companies, etc. Since this period they have often been referred to by acronym, SBAC. They were also instrumental in approaching Lloyd's of London to start the inspection and insurance of aircraft, which led to increased commercial aviation.

Trade and Air shows
In 1932 the group hosted a one-day air show and trade fair at the Hendon airfield in London on 19 June, the day after the annual RAF Hendon display. Similar one-day events were held for the next three years, but 1935 was the last Hendon RAF display. The SBAC show moved to de Havilland's Hatfield airfield in 1936 and 1937; the latter was both the first two-day SBAC show and the last before World War II. Immediately after the War it was held at Radlett, the home of Handley Page on 12–13 September, and early September became the regular date. In 1947 the show was again at Radlett with three flying days. In 1948 the meeting was moved to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough and was six days long with three flying days, setting the pattern for the future.

The Farnborough shows were held annually as trade fairs for British manufacturers and with two public days, the Saturday and Sunday, throughout the 1950s. Crowds were large: on the last day, the Sunday of the 1954 show some 160,000 people attended. In 1962 the British-only rule was slightly relaxed by allowing the participation of foreign aircraft with British engines. 1962 was also the last of the annual shows, the next being held in 1964 and thenceforth biennially; in 1968 European manufacturers were invited. In 1974 the show accepted international participation and from 1978 it became known as the Farnborough International. Since 1964 the Farnborough has alternated with the Paris Air Show.

Name change
The name changed from "Society of British Aircraft Constructors" to "Society of British Aerospace Companies" in 1964.

Affiliated organisations
SBAC Scotland was formed in 2005.

SBAC aircraft designations
After WWII the SBAC introduced a designation system for British aircraft consisting of a two letter manufacturer code followed by a sequence number, with designations allocated as follows:-

Blackburn Aircraft

 * Blackburn Y.A.1 The Blackburn B-48 Firecrest to Air Ministry Specification S.28/43.
 * Blackburn Y.A.2 Design study only.
 * Blackburn Y.A.3 Design study only.
 * Blackburn Y.A.4 B-55 project for a Rolls-Royce Dart powered 24-seat commercial aircraft.
 * Blackburn Y.A.5 Blackburn B-54 anti-submarine two-seater to Specification GR.17/45 with Napier Double Nomad.
 * Blackburn Y.A.6 B-62 project for a Blackburn Firecrest with Armstrong Siddeley Python engine.
 * Blackburn Y.A.7 Two-seater Y.A.5 with Rolls-Royce Griffon 56.
 * Blackburn Y.A.8 Three-seater Y.A.5 with RR Griffon 56.
 * Blackburn Y.A.9 The 1947 B-75 feeder-liner with two Blackburn Cirrus Majors or Blackburn Cirrus Bombardiers.
 * Blackburn Y.B.1 Blackburn B-54 - the Y.A.8 with Armstrong Siddeley Double Mamba turboprop engine.
 * Blackburn Y.B.2 The Handley Page HP.88 research aircraft with Supermarine Attacker fuselage and Handley Page Victor scale model crescent wing.
 * Blackburn Y.B.3 The B-103 Blackburn Buccaneer, to Specification NA.39, low-level strike aircraft.

Gloster

 * Gloster G.A.1 Gloster E.1/44 "Gloster Ace" fighter (1948).
 * Gloster G.A.2 A developed Gloster Ace.
 * Gloster G.A.3 intended pre-production for GA.4
 * Gloster G.A.4 production ordered but not built
 * Gloster G.A.5 Gloster Javelin interceptor fighter.

English Electric

 * English Electric E.A.1 English Electric Canberra B Mk.1.
 * English Electric E.A.2 English Electric Canberra PR Mk.3.
 * English Electric E.A.3 English Electric Canberra B Mk.2.
 * English Electric E.A.4 English Electric Canberra.

Saunders-Roe
(confirmation required)
 * Saunders-Roe SR.A.1 S.44 flying boat fighter.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.1 Hovercraft.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.2 Hovercraft.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.3 Hovercraft.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.4 Hovercraft.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.5 Hovercraft.
 * Saunders-Roe SR.N.6 Hovercraft.

Shorts

 * Shorts S.A.1 Short Sturgeon PR Mk.1 carrier-borne torpedo bomber/reconnaissance aircraft.
 * Shorts S.A.2 Shorts S.39 Sturgeon TT Mk.2 target tug to Specification Q.1/46.
 * Shorts S.A.3 Short S.41 (1946) naval fighter project to Specification N7/46.
 * Shorts S.A.4 Short Sperrin four engined jet bomber to Specification B.14/46.
 * Shorts S.A.5 Short S.43.
 * Shorts S.A.6 Short Sealand patrol flying boat.
 * Shorts S.A.7 Short S.46 (flying boat) commercial Flying Boat Project.
 * Shorts S.A.8 Short S.47 (flying boat) commercial Flying Boat Project.
 * Shorts S.A.9 Short S.48 (glider) military glider to Specification X.30/46.
 * Shorts S.B.1 A scale research glider.
 * Shorts S.B.2 Short Sealand II amphibian
 * Shorts S.B.3 Short Sturgeon based carrier-borne anti-submarine aircraft.
 * Shorts S.B.4 Short SB.4 Sherpa experimental aero-isoclinic wing research aircraft.
 * Short S.B.5 A swept wing research aircraft for development of the English Electric Lightning.
 * Shorts S.B.6 Short Seamew AS Mk.1 single engined carrier-borne anti-submarine aircraft for the Fleet Air Arm (in-house P.D.4).
 * Shorts S.B.7 Short Sealand III amphibian.
 * Shorts S.B.8 design offered for Specification HR.144T for an ultra-light helicopter project.
 * Shorts S.B.9 Short Sturgeon TT Mk.3 carrier-borne target-tug aircraft.
 * Shorts S.C.1 An experimental fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft (in-house P.D.11).
 * Shorts S.C.2 Short Seamew AS Mk.2 for Royal Air Force Coastal Command.
 * Shorts S.C.3 (in-house P.D.16)..
 * Shorts S.C.4 Target drone aircraft converted from English Electric Canberra B Mk.2 bombers
 * Shorts S.C.5 Short Belfast C Mk.1 heavy lift turboprop freighter.
 * Shorts S.C.6
 * Shorts S.C.7 The Short Skyvan transport (in-house P.D.36).
 * Shorts S.C.8 A development of the Short SC.1 (in-house P.D.43).
 * Shorts S.C.9 A Shorts-built English Electric Canberra PR Mk.9 converted with AI.23 radar plus IR installations in nose for Red Top trials.
 * Shorts S.D.1 - a single Canberra modified to test Short SD.2
 * Shorts S.D.2 A licence built Beech Model-1072 target drone.
 * Shorts S.D.3 Short 330 developed from the Shorts Skyvan and developed into the Short 360.

Westland Aircraft

 * WA** - Westland Aircraft Type xxx

title: Society of British Aerospace Companies


text:
Simon effect

The Simon effect is the difference in accuracy or reaction time between trials in which stimulus and response are on the same side and trials in which they are on opposite sides, with responses being generally slower and less accurate when the stimulus and response are on opposite sides. The task is similar in concept to the Stroop Effect. The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) can be used to assess the ability to inhibit cognitive interference that occurs when the processing of a specific stimulus feature impedes the simultaneous processing of a second stimulus attribute. The Simon effect is an extension of this effect, but the interference in this task is generated by spatial features rather than features of the stimuli themselves.

Original experiment
In J. R. Simon's original study, two lights (the stimulus) were placed on a rotating circular panel. This device would be rotated at varying degrees (away from the horizontal plane). Simon wished to see if an alteration of the spatial relationship, relative to the response keys, affected performance. Age was also a probable factor in reaction time. As predicted, the reaction time of the groups increased based on the relative position of the light stimulus (age was not a factor). The reaction time increased by as much as 30%.

However, what is usually seen as the first genuine demonstration of the effect that became known as the Simon effect is by Simon & Rudell (1967). Here, they had participants respond to the words "left" and "right" that were randomly presented to the left or right ear. Although the auditory location was completely irrelevant to the task, participants showed marked increases in reaction latency if the location of the stimulus was not the same as the required response (if, for example, they were to react left to a word that was presented in the right ear).

Method
A typical demonstration of the Simon effect involves placing a participant in front of a computer monitor and a panel with two buttons. The participant is told that they should press the button on the right when they see something red appear on the screen, and the button on the left when they see something green. Participants are usually told to ignore the location of the stimulus and base their response on the task-relevant color.

Participants typically react faster to red lights that appear on the right hand side of the screen by pressing the button on the right of their panel (congruent trials). Reaction times are typically slower when the red stimulus appears on the left hand side of the screen and the participant must push the button on the right of their panel (incongruent trials). The same, but vice versa, is true for the green stimuli.

This happens despite the fact that the position of the stimulus on the screen relative to the physical position of the buttons on the panel is irrelevant to the task and not correlated with which response is correct. The task, after all, requires the subject to note only the colour of the object (i.e., red or green) by pushing the corresponding button, and not its position on the screen.

Explanation
According to Simon himself, the location of the stimulus, although irrelevant to the task, directly influences response selection due to an automatic tendency to 'react towards the source of the stimulation'. Although other accounts have been suggested, explanations for the Simon effect generally refer back to the interference that occurs in the response-selection stage of decision-making. Neurologically there could be involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as the anterior cingulate cortex, which is thought to be responsible for conflict monitoring. The Simon Effect shows that location information cannot be ignored and will affect decision making, even if the participant knows that the information is irrelevant.

Logical argument for response selection:

The challenge in the Simon effect is said to occur during the response selection stage of judgment. This is due to two factors which eliminate the stimulus identification stage and the execution state. In the stimulus identification stage, the participant only needs to be cognitively aware that a stimulus is present. An error would not occur at this stage unless the participant were visually impaired or had some sort of stimulus deficit. As well, an error or delay cannot occur during the execution state because an action has already been decided upon in the previous stage (the response selection stage) and no further decision making takes place (i.e. you cannot make a change to your response without going back to the second stage).

Practical implications
A knowledge of the Simon effect is useful in the design of human-machine interfaces. Aircraft cockpits, for example, require a person to react quickly to a situation. If a pilot is flying a plane and there is a problem with the left engine, an aircraft with a good human-machine interface design would position the indicator light for the left engine to the left of the indicator light for the right engine. This interface would display information in a way that matches the types of responses that people should make. If it were the other way around, the pilot might be more likely to respond incorrectly and adjust the wrong engine.

title: Simon effect


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User:Enochlau/Todo

Interesting:
 * CityRail/Tcard
 * Real and complex analysis

High priority/easy to do:
 * Honi article
 * Ice cream cake picture
 * Sweet & sour pictures
 * Premier's award article?
 * Look into the possibility of writing a Firefox plugin to help in the editing process: Tools
 * Userboxes/Education/Australia?

Others pending:
 * Category:Spoken Wikipedia requests
 * Expand Simplex algorithm
 * Add picture and diagram to Air conditioning
 * Too much overlap between Lau and Liu
 * Expand NetBeans - especially with history: http://www.netbeans.org/community/releases/vision.html
 * Create template with HSC results - embed in better schools
 * Infoboxes for Sydney schools
 * Infoboxes for Microsoft software
 * Tomorrow, When the War Began
 * 3D graphics articles - could do with some expansion
 * Import stuff from http://wiki.theppn.org/Ping_Pung etc, under cc-by-sa
 * Move all schools to Template:Infobox Aust school
 * North Sydney Boys High School - cull list
 * University of Melbourne
 * User:Thebainer - see en-au
 * Find image of forearm somewhere
 * Fix up MapleStory
 * Fort Street High School needs a better logo
 * http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:KyotoFushimiInariLarge.jpg
 * Instruments
 * Contribute to spoken documents?
 * Read up on Fourier transforms
 * Good idea they are pretty damn important. novacatz 05:09, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Add better picture to Richmond, Tasmania
 * Create replacement for Image:MicrosoftUpdatev6.JPG
 * Dig out Maroon and Silver
 * Find alumni lists using Whatlinkshere
 * Useful: http://www.landfortune.com/officefinding/of-centrallisting.htm
 * http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/whyantradiates.html

title: User:Enochlau/Todo


text: User talk:194.203.201.98

title: User talk:194.203.201.98


text: User:Off!

title: User:Off!


text: Template:Campaignbox First Punic War

title: Template:Campaignbox First Punic War


text:
List of entertainers who performed in blackface

This is a list of entertainers known to have performed in blackface makeup, whether in a minstrel show, as satire or historical depiction of such roles, or in a portrayal of a character using makeup as a racial disguise, for whatever reason.

A–C

 * Roy Acuff, country music singer, performed in blackface in 1930s-40s traveling medicine shows
 * Scarlet Adams
 * Anne of Denmark, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, in The Masque of Blackness
 * Fred Armisen, impersonating U.S. President Barack Obama on Saturday Night Live in 2008 and 2009
 * Louis Armstrong, as Zulu King during 1949's Mardi Gras in New Orleans
 * Clarence Ashley, 1910s-1940s singer and blackface comedian in traveling medicine shows
 * Ant and Dec, in old Saturday Night Takeaway sketches
 * Fred Astaire, in Swing Time (1936) and in Easter Parade (1948)
 * Gene Autry
 * Dan Aykroyd, in Trading Places (1983)
 * David Baddiel, while portraying Jason Lee on a 1995 episode of Fantasy Football League
 * Rita Baga
 * Marcus "Buff" Bagwell, while performing for World Championship Wrestling
 * Fay Bainter, as Topsy in a 1933 production of Uncle Tom's Cabin
 * Milt G. Barlow, 19th-century American minstrel
 * Ethel Barrymore, in the 1930 play Scarlet Sister Mary
 * Billy Barty, in Roman Scandals (1933) and Rabbit Test (1978)
 * Jack Black, in Be Kind Rewind (2008)
 * Sergei Bondarchuk, in Othello (1956)
 * John Boulter, lead singer of the long-running Black and White Minstrel Show on the BBC
 * Zach Braff, in the Scrubs episodes "My Friend the Doctor" and "My Chopped Liver"
 * Frank Brower, 1840s-1860s minstrel performer
 * David Byrne, in Stop Making Sense (1984)
 * George Burns
 * Butterbeans and Susie
 * John Byner, in season 3, episode 1 of Soap
 * Eddie Cantor, 1912-1927 performances in vaudeville and Ziegfeld Follies
 * Judy Carne, in a 1969 episode of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
 * Graham Chapman
 * Dave Chappelle, in a 2006 episode of Chappelle's Show
 * George Christy, born George Harrington but became a star with Christy's Minstrels in the 1840s
 * Charles Correll
 * Bing Crosby, in Dream House (1932), Mississippi (1935), Road to Singapore (1940), Holiday Inn (1942), Dixie (1943), and Here Come the Waves (1944)
 * Billy Crystal, in the "Negro Leagues" skit on Saturday Night Live in 1984 and whenever impersonating Sammy Davis Jr., including at the 84th Academy Awards.
 * CatboyKami, Online alias of Tor Gustafsson Brookes. Far-right troll who performs in blackface and an afro wig while brandishing a gun

D–G

 * Ted Danson, at a 1993 Friars Club roast of his then-girlfriend Whoopi Goldberg
 * Tommy Davidson in the 2000 film Bamboozled
 * Marion Davies in Going Hollywood (1933)
 * Sammy Davis, Jr. in Ocean's Eleven (1960)
 * Shane Dawson, YouTuber, actor, and comedian
 * Neil Diamond in The Jazz Singer
 * Thomas Dilward, 1850s-1870s dwarf minstrel performer
 * George Washington Dixon, 1820s-1830s stage performer
 * Lew Dockstader, 1870s-1900s minstrel performer
 * Roma Downey in an episode of the television series Touched By An Angel entitled “Black Like Monica”, the character is turned black to better empathize with a community dealing with racial tensions.
 * Robert Downey Jr. in the 2008 film Tropic Thunder
 * Drake, on the cover of Pusha-T's single "The Story of Adidon"
 * Jimmy Durante
 * Issi Dye singer and Al Jolson impersonator
 * Harry Enfield, impersonating Nelson Mandela in the television show Harry & Paul.
 * The Ethiopian Serenaders were a Boston troupe which performed at the White House in 1844 and then toured Britain.
 * Jimmy Fallon, impersonating Chris Rock on Saturday Night Live
 * Edwin Forrest
 * Dai Francis, lead singer of the long-running Black and White Minstrel Show on the BBC
 * Leigh Francis
 * Judy Garland in Babes in Arms
 * George Givot, in the play The Constant Sinner (1931)
 * Freeman Gosden
 * Billy Gould (1869-1950)
 * Savion Glover in the 2000 film Bamboozled

H–L

 * Sam Hague
 * Masatoshi Hamada, dressed in blackface as Eddie Murphy from the film Beverly Hills Cop for the 2017 New Year's Eve special of Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!
 * Jon Hamm on an episode of 30 Rock
 * Goldie Hawn, in a 1969 episode of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
 * Bob Height
 * Al Herman
 * Charles Hicks
 * Ernest Hogan
 * C. Thomas Howell in the 1986 movie Soul Man
 * William A. Huntley Starting 1860. Moved to whiteface in mid-1880s.
 * Dick Powell performed in blackface while singing Al Jolson's "Sonny Boy" in Hard to Get (1938)
 * George Jessel
 * Al Jolson
 * Louis Jordan
 * Buster Keaton, in vaudeville in the short film Neighbors (1920), possibly with satiric intent: he alternates in and out of blackface, receiving a very different reaction from a policeman; also in The Playhouse (1921) and College (1927)
 * Billy Kersands, 1880s-1900s minstrel performer
 * Jimmy Kimmel, impersonating Karl Malone and Oprah Winfrey on The Man Show
 * Jane Krakowski twice on 30 Rock
 * Wallace King, 1880s minstrel performer
 * Joey Lawrence, in season 4, episode 11 of Gimme a Break!, an episode criticizing blackface
 * Jennie Lee, in the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation
 * Francis Leon, 1870s-80s minstrel performer
 * Eddie Leonard, 1890s-1930s minstrel performer, "last of the great minstrels"
 * Paul Levesque
 * Chris Lilley as Jonah Takalua and S.mouse
 * Walter Long, in the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation
 * Sophia Loren in Aida (1953)
 * Peter Lorre, in the play Weisse Fracht
 * Matt Lucas, multiple characters in Little Britain, Precious Little in Come Fly with Me
 * Sam Lucas, 1870s minstrel performer

M–R

 * Robert Mandan, in season 3, episode 1 of Soap
 * Jenna Marbles, impersonating Nicki Minaj in a later removed 2011 Youtube video
 * Pigmeat Markham, performer in 1920s-1950s traveling shows, as well as The Ed Sullivan Show and Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
 * Rob McElhenney on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, portraying the character of Mac, a white man portraying the character Roger Murtaugh from the Lethal Weapon franchise in a fanmade home movie
 * Joni Mitchell appeared as black dandy, Art Nouveau, at parties and on the cover of Don Juan's Reckless Daughter
 * Emmett Miller, an important influence on early country stars like Jimmie Rodgers, Bob Wills
 * Flournoy E. Miller
 * Irvin C. Miller
 * David Mitchell, in season 1, episode 1 of That Mitchell and Webb Look
 * Clayton McMichen
 * Bill Monroe
 * Moran and Mack
 * Herbert Wassell Nadal (1873-1957)
 * Cornelius J. O'Brien (1869-1954)
 * Laurence Olivier in Othello (1965)
 * Kaitlin Olson on It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, portraying the character of Deandra Reynolds, a white woman portraying a black character in a fanmade home movie based on the Lethal Weapon franchise
 * Richard Pelham
 * Arthur Petersen, in season 3, episode 1 of Soap
 * Larry Parks, in the 1946 film The Jolson Story
 * Robert Webb
 * Thomas D. Rice
 * Jimmie Rodgers
 * Mickey Rooney in Babes in Arms (1939)
 * Benny Rubin

S–Z

 * Harry Scott of the comedy duo Scott and Whaley, an African American act working in Britain.
 * Ramblin' Tommy Scott
 * Sarah Silverman
 * Frank Sinatra, in the Major Bowes short The Big Minstrel (1935) and Ocean's Eleven (1960)
 * Grace Slick, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (1968) and Teen Set magazine (1969)
 * Bessie Smith
 * Hobart Smith
 * Mel Smith in season 2, episode 4, of Not the Nine O'Clock News (sketch "Gone With The Wind", April 1980)
 * Howard Stern in a series of 1991 skits as Clarence Thomas and in a 1993 New Year's Eve special
 * Bert Swor (1878-1943)
 * Shirley Temple in The Littlest Rebel
 * George Siegmann in character as Silas Lynch in The Birth of a Nation (1915)
 * Frank Tinney, in vaudeville and Broadway musical comedies
 * The Three Stooges
 * Sophie Tucker
 * Tracey Ullman, in a 1989 episode of The Tracey Ullman Show
 * Ben Vereen, as a part of the 1981 inaugural celebrations for US President Ronald Reagan
 * Vladimir Vysotsky, as Abram Gannibal in How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor
 * Glen Vernon Actor who performed in blackface in Hollywood Varieties (1950) with fellow actor Edward Ryan
 * Ted Waldman, comedy harmonica player
 * David Walliams, as a minstrel, and as character Desiree Devere in Little Britain
 * George Walker
 * Sean Waltman
 * Betty White, in The Golden Girls
 * Billy Whitlock
 * Gene Wilder in Silver Streak
 * Barney Williams
 * Bert Williams
 * Hank Williams
 * Slim Williams
 * Bob Wills
 * Tom Wilson
 * Jane Withers in Can This Be Dixie?
 * Jo Anne Worley, in a 1969 episode of Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In
 * Magda Szubanski, in various sketches for the Australian TV series, Fast Forward, most notably as the housemaid in a parody of Gone With the Wind.

Fictional Characters Who Were Depicted In Blackface

 * Bugs Bunny, in the 1942 cartoon Fresh Hare
 * Mickey Mouse, in the 1933 cartoon Mickey's Mellerdrammer
 * Tom and Jerry (Van Beuren), Not to be confused with the cat and mouse duo. appeared in blackface in 'Plane Dumb' (1932)
 * Smith Family Stan, Steve, Hayley and Francine Smith appeared in blackface in 2007 American Dad! episode 'An Apocalypse to Remember'
 * Eric Cartman, Depicted in blackface in 1999 movie South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut and in episodes of South Park
 * Tom and Jerry, appeared in blackface in 'The Yankee Doodle Mouse' (1943) 'The Milky Waif' (1946) 'Mouse Cleaning' (1948) and 'Casanova Cat' (1951)
 * Dirty Dick, Used blackface in a recreation of The Black and White Minstrel Show in the 1972 Dandy Annual
 * Sylvester the Cat, appeared in blackface in 'I Taw a Putty Tat' (1948)
 * Lyons Tea Minstrels mascots of Lyons Tea. Discontinued sometime in the 1990s
 * Ling-Ling, In Foxxy Vs. The Board Of Education (2005)


text:
Uftyuga

Uftyuga may refer to several rivers in Northern Russia:

 * Uftyuga (Northern Dvina), a tributary of the Northern Dvina in Arkhangelsk Oblast
 * Uftyuga (Sukhona), a tributary of the Sukhona in Vologda Oblast
 * Uftyuga (Kokshenga), a tributary of the Kokshenga in Vologda Oblast
 * Uftyuga (Lake Kubenskoye), a tributary of Lake Kubenskoye in Vologda Oblast

title: Uftyuga


text:
Cincinnati Financial

Cincinnati Financial Corporation offers property and casualty insurance, its main business, through The Cincinnati Insurance Company, The Cincinnati Indemnity Company and The Cincinnati Casualty Company. The company has 1.01% of the domestic property and casualty insurance premiums, which ranks it as the 20th largest insurance company by market share in the U.S.

The Cincinnati Insurance Company was founded in 1950 by four agents, including brothers John Jack Schiff and Robert Cleveland Schiff.

The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company markets life and disability income insurance and annuities. CFC Investment Company supports the insurance subsidiaries and their independent agent representatives through commercial leasing and financing activities. CinFin Capital Management Company provides asset management services to institutions, corporations and individuals.

In 2001, SFAS 133 adjustments were included with realized capital gains or losses rather than investment income. The impact on nine-month 2001 earnings was an after-tax gain of $1.3 million. Prior period 2001 results were restated on this basis.

In 2008, Cincinnati began writing excess and surplus lines insurance under a new subsidiary called the Cincinnati Specialty Underwriters Insurance Company.

MSP Underwriting, a global specialty underwriter, was acquired in February 2019, and was rebranded Cincinnati Global Underwriting Ltd. on May 1, 2019. Based in London, Cincinnati Global Underwriting Ltd. operates through Cincinnati Global Underwriting Agency Ltd., which is the Lloyd's managing agent for Cincinnati Global Syndicate 318. Collectively, the group is known as Cincinnati Global.

title: Cincinnati Financial


text:
Riviera: The Promised Land

Riviera: The Promised Land is a role-playing video game originally produced in 2002 by Sting Entertainment for WonderSwan Color as the first episode of the Dept. Heaven series of games. The game was later introduced to Nintendo's Game Boy Advance in 2004, which Atlus USA released in North America in 2005. An enhanced remake was released for the PlayStation Portable in November 2006, and was released in July 2007 in North America by Atlus USA. In July 2023, an HD remaster was announced for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, iOS and Android.

The player takes the role of Ein, a Grim Angel, who must battle against demons as well as antagonistic Grim Angels to seal away the four entities of evil known as the Accursed. He is accompanied by four heroines—Fia, Lina, Serene and Cierra—as well as his cat-like familiar Rose. Riviera also contains dating sim elements, as the hero can achieve multiple endings with the supporting characters through decisions made throughout the game.

Gameplay
Riviera: The Promised Land is a turn-based role-playing video game, with some elements from strategy and dating sim games. The last aspect manifests itself in the conversation in the game. Ein will often have to favor either Fia, Lina, Serene or Cierra over the others in scenes in which the characters interact with each other. This affects their trust for Ein, their mood, and eventually, the game's outcome.

For each of the seven main chapters of the game, the player starts in Elendia, and is given a mission. The player then moves on to wherever that mission takes place, proceeding through nine stages, to the eighth stage which will contain the chapter boss. The ninth stage is secret, and often has a particular method of infiltration. Within each stage are multiple screens, all with events and battles of their own. When a chapter is completed, all trigger points currently accumulated are erased. The player is taken to a results screen showing how they performed in the chapter, and gains trigger points based on that performance that can be used in the next chapter.

Field
Unlike most RPGs, when not in battle, the player does not have full control over Ein's movement. Instead of being able to freely move with directional buttons, the player controls Ein through triggers, in two modes. Each stage is made up of several screens, each screen having triggers to explore and potentially battles to engage in. In Look Mode, the player may press directional buttons corresponding to triggers shown on the screen. Some triggers will not appear until certain events have taken place, and some triggers will change based on repeated investigation. However, many triggers require TP, Trigger Points, earned in battle. These triggers can cue many things, from battles, to event scenes and free items. In Move Mode, the player may advance or backtrack (limited) to previous screens. In a similar fashion to Look Mode, triggers will appear on the screen and a corresponding directional button must be pressed to move to them, adding a turn to the count. Unlike Look Mode, however, triggers in Move Mode do not require Trigger Points, so one may move as much as one likes, assuming there is no turn limit. Once the player has exited the final screen of a stage, the player will be prompted to save and then move on to the next stage.
 * Look Mode
 * Move Mode

Battle
Before a battle begins, the player usually has the choice to retreat, giving them time to prepare. For every battle, the player may choose only three combatants out of a possible five, and a positioning scheme for them. The player can either choose the Attack or Magic formation. The Attack formation allows Attack based moves a shorter recharge time, and there will be two characters in the front row, and a single character in the back row. In Magic formation, Magic users have a shorter recharge time and positioning is reversed. Following that decision the player must choose the items to bring. Only sixteen items can be held at any time, and there are no methods of storage. The player may only bring four of those sixteen items into battle for all three characters to use. However, for every item, each character has a different attack; where, with a staff, Cierra might do great damage with a magical attack, Fia would heal an ally.

Once all the preparations are made, battle begins. Turn order is decided by a countdown based on agility, last move used and formation. A player character may select from as many as eight different skills: one normal skill for each item, and, if they are well trained with that item and the OverDrive Gauge is sufficiently filled, a secondary, more interesting OverSkill. Using a skill, however, reduces how many more times that item can be used, as Riviera employs a Fire Emblem-styled system of item endurance allowing the item to be used only a certain number of times before it breaks entirely. The OverDrive Gauge fills throughout battle, as characters receive and deal damage, and with certain skills. At various levels, characters can use different skills, because certain skills require more of the gauge be filled. There are five levels of skills for player characters: Level 0 skills that may be used whenever and without training; Levels 1 through 3 skills, which require training and deplete that amount of the OverDrive Gauge; and Execution Level skills that may be used at any level of OverDrive Gauge fullness, but will shatter the gauge for the battle, and are only obtained through the story. Enemies have a similar gauge with three levels: Normal, Rage and Max. At Normal they may only use normal attacks. At Rage they may use Rage and Normal attacks, but the latter depletes the gauge. At Max, they may use all three, but only Max skills will deplete the gauge, and will deplete it fully. Enemies also have Etc. attacks, ranging from healing to transformation, that may be used at any time.

Once all allies have had their HP depleted to zero, the battle will end triggering a Game Over, which will give the player the option to retry the battle with the enemies' stats lowered and the OverDrive Gauge filled. If all enemies have had their HP deplete to zero, instead, the player will achieve victory and receive a rank based on their performance in battle. The rank is based both on time spent in battle and the finisher, but the rank will also be lowered if the player retried. Trigger Points and items are distributed based on the rank the player obtained in the battle. Also, if a character used an item enough times, that character will be rewarded with a stat up and the unlocking of an OverSkill that can be used in later battles.

Plot
Riviera: The Promised Land draws from diverse mythologies, most prominently Norse, incorporating concepts such as Ragnarök and Yggdrasil into its story. The game takes place mostly on the continent of Riviera, with the characters visiting various locales such as a sinking city, a forest, and an abandoned cemetery.

Characters
Riviera offers a cast of six playable characters.

Ein (エクセル) is a Grim Angel, who sacrificed his black wings in order to receive his Diviner, Einherjar. He wears shorts, a vest, gloves, a cape and a scarf; he has grey-black hair and deep blue eyes. He appears to be an average teenage boy and is quite naive, an attribute that annoys both his partners Ledah and Rose. In battle, his primary weapons are swords.

Fia (フィア) is a teenage girl with a caring personality. She wears a long green skirt, and a black vest over a long-sleeved white blouse. She has long green hair tied with a matching ribbon and green eyes. Originally, she shared a house with Lina, but later made room for Ein, Cierra and Serene. She is, like Ein, kind and noble, sometimes stern and serious, and she can cook and mix herbs well, along with being the only character with healing spells. She is extremely mature, despite being the youngest of Ein's four female companions. Sometimes Fia shows signs of shyness toward others, especially Ein, for whom she nurses a soft spot. In battle, her primary weapons are rapiers and swords.

Lina (ルゥリ) is a sweet, childlike and energetic teenage girl. She wears a flamboyant yellow short-skirt and overcoat. She has brown eyes and orange hair tied into pigtails. Lina enjoys eating, going on adventurous treasure hunts and playing lively games with her friends; she is ignorant about household chores. She constantly gets into situations in which she embarrasses herself, especially around Ein, for whom she hosts a secret infatuation. Her primary weapon in battle are bows and other long range weapons.

Serene (セレネ) is an outgoing, tomboy-ish teenage girl, the same age as Ein. She is an Arc, unlike the majority of the inhabitants of Riviera, who are Sprites. She used to live on Rosalina Island with other Arcs until her entire tribe was killed by the Grim Angel Malice. She alone survives and joins Ein, for whom she develops an infatuation. Serene has large, batlike wings, a trait shared by Arcs. She wears a helmet adorned with a pair of fake cat ears on her shoulder-length dark blue/indigo hair and has blue eyes. She wears a long pale blue vest over a black body-suit and a dark blue shawl. In battle, her primary weapons are scythes and other pole-arms.

Cierra (シエラ) is a kind, thoughtful witch. She is the older sister figure of the group and possesses amazing magical powers. She is always optimistic but sometimes clumsy. She rescued Rose after she and Ein were separated, although she accidentally fed her a potion that removed Rose's ability to talk. For enjoyment, she studies and plays with magic. Cierra wears a typical witch's conical hat, red boots, and a revealing, serrated red dress. Her primary weapons in battle are staves and other magical weapons.

Ledah (レダ) is an experienced warrior and one of three Grim Angels shown in the game. He is a strong, loyal, and very solitary man. It is suggested that he is much older than Ein and his companions, given his experience, and the choice of voice actors for him in the GBA and PSP remakes, but this is debatable. He follows the order of the seven Magi without question. This is because he traded his emotions for his Diviner, Lorelei, preventing him from reconsidering the orders given to him. Ledah is shown as aloof, cynical, and pragmatic.

The above characters are the only playable characters in the game. Riviera has several dozen supporting characters, notably Rose (Ein's familiar); Hector (the game's main villain); Malice (grim angel and Hector's henchwoman); Ursula, guardian spirit of Riviera; and the Four Accursed, who act as Stage bosses. There are also numerous Elendian citizens, fairies and undines who help Ein along the way.

Story
A thousand years before the game takes place, a war known as Ragnarok took place. The gods of Asgard were attacked and overrun by demons from Utgard. In desperation, the gods broke an ancient covenant; they sacrificed their lives to create black-winged reapers that came to be known as Grim Angels. Each was armed with a "Diviner", a sacred weapon with which they easily vanquished the demons. After the war ended, Utgard was renamed Riviera and turned into a beautiful paradise. The gods left their knowledge and authority in the stewardship of seven Magi and their power in the care of the Sprites, the inhabitants of a peaceful Riviera.

After a thousand years of peace, rumors of the demons’ return surfaced. Hector, one of the Seven Magi, sends the Grim Angels Ein and Ledah to Riviera, accompanied by Ein's familiar, Rose. They are ordered to activate the "Retribution", a hidden power of the gods which would eliminate the demons but destroy Riviera in the process. At the end of Heaven's Gate, they meet Ursula, the guardian of Riviera. Ein falls in battle and is taken to Yggdrasil, the heart of Riviera, by Ursula. Discovering that he has a good heart, she entrusts him with the protection of Riviera.

Ein wakes up suffering from amnesia and able to recall neither his purpose nor his origin. He is nursed by Fia and Lina, residents of Elendia, which is a village near Yggdrasil. News about the rebirth of the "Accursed" – the "progenitors of evil" – reaches them and they set out to investigate. Eventually, they defeat all four and meet Serene, Cierra and even Rose along the way. Meanwhile, Ledah searches for Yggdrasil, so that he may activate the "Retribution".

Ein now expects to live peacefully in Elendia with his new-found friends, but Ursula informs them that Ledah has breached Yggdrasil and intends to destroy the three "Aquariums", the sources of Yggdrasil's power, in an attempt to activate the Retribution. The six companions (Ein, Lina, Fia, Serene, Cierra and Rose) head out to Yggdrasil. Although they manage to subdue Ledah in battle, it is the Grim Angel Malice, Hector's pawn, who deals the fatal blow. A dying Ledah warns them that Hector has tricked them all this time: he does not fulfill the will of the gods, but seeks ultimate power for himself.

They pursue Malice, but are unable to prevent her from destroying the last Aquarium. They battle her, and eventually Ledah appears to intercept one of Malice's attacks. Ledah dies soon after, telling Ein to stop Hector. The companions then race to the "Maze of Shadows" where Seth, the Sealed One, is imprisoned. There, Hector takes the life of Malice and the girl that Ein has become closest to; the last two souls required to unleash Seth. Hector intends to become the one True God, and to this end he fuses his body with that of Seth to become Seth-Rah. However, Ein and his companions are able to defeat Seth-Rah, and afterwards they are teleported back to Yggdrasil by Ursula just before the entire Maze collapses.

Upon their return, Ursula reveals that, with the death of her counterpart Seth, she too will cease to exist. Before disappearing, she resurrects the girl that Hector killed, and also charges Ein, Fia, Lina, Serene, Cierra and Rose with the continued protection of Riviera.

Since Riviera is a renai, the player can achieve multiple endings depending on his responses to his companions. Depending upon them, an ending may be achieved with Ein and the girl of choice having a special scene together. The ending with Rose is a hidden ending, as it was not in the original WSC game, and Rose doesn't have a trust stat in the game. The last frame also tells (no matter what the ending) that Rose becomes a historian in later life and records their adventures.

Development
Riviera: The Promised Land was originally developed for the WonderSwan Color. Development started in November 2000, with a Japan-only release in 2002.

In 2004, Riviera was remade for the Game Boy Advance, featuring a completely new art style owed to Sunaho Tobe's involvement in the project, and also had several new CGs, events and limited voice acting. This version saw an eventual translation and North American release courtesy of Atlus USA, in 2005.

In 2006, Sting announced and released a PSP remake of the game, with more CGs, events, and complete voice acting, but the sprites were merely upscaled versions of those used in the WSC and GBA versions. After several retailers leaked the news, Atlus USA officially announced they would be releasing it in North America, along with an extra chapter not appearing in the Japanese version. In October 2007, a Special Edition was released by Sting in Japan, and was essentially the US PSP version with Japanese text replacing English text.

In July 2023, a HD remaster was announced. In early February 2024, it was revealed that the remaster will be available on February 29 in Japan.

Audio
The Game Boy Advance release of Riviera featured a large amount of voice work for a Game Boy Advance title boasting nearly two-hundred voice clips, far more than majority of games for the system.

The PSP release is fully voiced. The Japanese voice actors for the Japanese PSP version are largely the same as the GBA version. Atlus USA chose to keep the Japanese voices in its localization of the game, and also added English voice work. The English voice actors for the game are also largely the same as the GBA version's English voice actors.

The soundtrack for Riviera was composed mostly by Minako Adachi, with a few tracks by Shigeki Hayashi, and spanned less than forty tracks. This music has been rearranged and rerecorded for each release of the game, but has for the most part remained static.

The soundtrack has been released twice, with the first following the GBA version's release, the Riviera Full Arrange Soundtrack, which featured arranged versions of all the songs, but not the original GBA or WSC versions. Soon after came the Riviera Intro Disc which featured the WSC music, as well as a drama track introducing all the characters. In February 2007, following the release of the PSP version of the game, Sting released the Riviera Perfect Audio Collection Plus, a three disc collection containing the original music from all three versions of the game.

Sting has also released several drama tracks for Riviera, the first appearing on the Riviera Intro Disc, followed by four on the Riviera Epilogue Disc, and then a full drama CD following weekly airings on Internet Radio Station Onsen (インターネットラジオステーション＜音泉＞) used to promote the PSP version. This drama CD was called The Precious Chapter and contained seven drama tracks spanning two discs.

Reception
The Game Boy Advance version of Riviera: The Promised Land received "generally favorable reviews", while the PSP version received "average" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave the WonderSwan Color version a score of 31 out of 40; in 2004 the same magazine gave the GBA version a score of one nine, one eight, one seven, and one eight for a total of 32 out of 40; and in 2006 it gave the PSP version a score of two eights and two sevens for a total of 30 out of 40.

title: Riviera: The Promised Land


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Anna Stothard

Anna Stothard (born 1983), is a British novelist, journalist scriptwriter, and the daughter of Sally Emerson and Sir Peter Stothard.

Writing history
Her first novel, Isabel and Rocco, (ISBN 0-09-944332-5), was published when she was 19. "Dazzling... remarkably accomplished," wrote The Observer. She has written for a number of newspapers, including columns for The Observer and The Sunday Telegraph.

She read English at Lincoln College, Oxford. Her first screenplay won a Scottish Screen and BBC Scotland Fast Forward Features prize. She was awarded a scholarship with the Masters programme at the American Film Institute, Los Angeles, which she attended until 2008.

Her second novel, The Pink Hotel, was longlisted for the 2012 Orange Prize.

title: Anna Stothard


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TFD
This template was nominated for deletion, but got no consensus (and only a small majority) to delete it, thus it is kept. See Templates for deletion/Log/Not deleted/July 2005 for details. Radiant_ >|< 13:00, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Wheel
For renaming the wheel, see talk:steering wheel (ship). — Sebastian 18:16, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Sailing ship elements