text:
Talk:NGC 6397

if whoever wrote this article knows the age of NGC 6397, please add it. Raskolnikov The Penguin 22:22, 2005 July 18 (UTC)

Zeryphex (talk) 14:11, 25 August 2017 (UTC)
I made a simulation WEBM file.

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:21, 18 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Earth to NGC 6397.webm

How exactly was the distance to NGC 6397 measured?
Was it parallax or what? All I can find is that it's from the HST. Lehasa (talk) 17:51, 25 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:NGC 6397


text:
Dignity Village

Dignity Village is a city-recognized legal encampment of an estimated 60 homeless people in Portland, Oregon, United States. In the days before Christmas of 2000, a group of individuals living outdoors in Portland established a tent city. It evolved from a group of self-described "outsiders" squatting a city owned land to a self-regulating, city-recognized campground as defined by Portland city code. The encampment is located on land near Portland International Airport, and has elected community officials and constructed crude but functional cooking, social, electric, and sanitary facilities.

History
Dignity Village was founded by eight houseless persons who pitched five tents on public land. The squatters then picked up significant media coverage and popular support. It was established in the Sunderland neighborhood near the Portland Airport. The group agreed to pay $2,000 in monthly rent, $17,500 per year for toilets and over $5,000 per year for garbage services.

Repeated attempts to shut down the campsite were rebuffed by the Portland City Council. It then guaranteed the community's existence through at least 2010. In March 2019, a tiny house exploded at the encampment from its occupant using a leaking propane tank inside the structure. The 8' x 10' structure was destroyed, according to firefighters. A man living in it was injured.

Organization
Dignity Village is incorporated in Oregon as a 501(c)(3) membership-based non-profit organization, and is governed by bylaws and a board of directors with an elected chairman and other corporate officers.

Membership is by application review. Dignity Village states that membership is not limited "based on religion, race, sex, sexual orientation, handicap, age, lifestyle choice, previous (criminal) record or economic status."

Because past criminal convictions are not a negative criterion for membership, and because of dangers presented by continuing construction, children are not allowed to reside in the community.

Membership size varies and is limited by the physical size of the available space at the city yard site. As of January 28, 2016, approximately 60 residents made their home at Dignity Village.

Housing
Designated by the Portland City Council as a transitional housing campground, Dignity Village falls under specific State of Oregon building codes governing campgrounds. This provides a legal zoning status. Lack of building codes has shut down many other shanty town/tent cities in the past. Housing in the Dignity Village community previously consisted of tents, hogans, teepees, light wooden shacks, or more substantial structures built using principles of ecofriendly green construction such as strawbale walls and recycled wood. Light clay straw housing was also built in 2003 as part of the City Repair Project's Village Building Convergence.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dignity Village


text: Category:Lakes of Illinois

title: Category:Lakes of Illinois


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Piet Mondrian/archive1

Piet Mondrian
I think there is a shortage of art-related featured articles on wikipedia. I believe the article on Mondrian can become one. The article is comprehensive, well-written, and nicely fleshed out. However, I think improvements can be made. I am specifically looking for feedback regarding tone and content, but I'd welcome any suggestions that would help the article --Sophitus 22:24, July 18, 2005 (UTC) Also, some of the sections tend to be a little dry; describing the paintings in an almost clinical manner without giving much actual insight or context: how were these works received by the art community at the time, etc. Flowerparty talk 23:37, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You only have one sentence (the "even a child could do it" thing, promptly refuted) that suggests that anyone does not admire his work. You might want to quote (in whole or in part) Salvador Dalí's famous putdown of Mondrian: "Critics have for several years used the name of Piet Mondrian as though he represented the summum of all spiritual activity.  They quote him in every connection.   Piet for architecture, Piet for poetry, Piet for mysticism, Piet for philosophy, Piet's whites, Piet's yellows, Piet, Piet, Piet . . . Piet, Piet, Piet, Peep, Pity, Piet.   Well, I Salvador, will tell you this, that Piet with one "i" less would have been nothing but a pet, which is the French word for fart."
 * That is simply an amazing quote, I can't believe that in all my research I never came across it. I will look into it and probably add it.  For any others who are reading this, I'm looking for feedback like the user's above with regard to missing content as well as the writing style and tone of the article.  I was hoping for a bigger response on peer review. --Sophitus 04:24, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * While I agree that the article might benefit from some contrasting opinions of Mondrian's work, I don't think this quote adds any value at all. If it wasn't the product of a notorious personality like Dali, it would be taken for what it is, a childish rant by a jealous egotist. =craigz August 13, 2005
 * I've made some minor alterations to the first paragraph, which I felt was refuting some point of view or other for no reason. More widely, however, I would like to identify two main areas of concern:
 * References; there aren't any of significant value: one link to a site in Dutch and a handful of links to the images on guggenheimcollection.com. If the main sources of information are offline (i.e. they are the books listed at the bottom) then this needs to be indicated within the article.
 * Redlinks; the "Major works" section is letting the article down somewhat. What links do exist seem to be randomly directed at either individual article pages, as in Broadway Boogie-Woogie, or simply the image pages, as in Compostion No 10. I feel the list of works would be a good candidate for a child article at Major works of Piet Mondrian or something similar.
 * Thanks for the suggestions. I have to admit that I'm pretty busy right now, but I hope to begin working on the article a lot in about a month.  In the meantime, any more comments are most welcome. --Sophitus 03:01, July 29, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Pe Ell, Washington

Untitled
Hey...I live in Pe Ell...its a very cool yet boring town...there are currently 618 people...There's a texaco, ace hardware, a small store called D&J's, and even a small bar/resturaunt called Evey's. The school consists over about maybe 300 kids total. It is very small but it gives the teachers more time to help EACH student..

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:32, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Pe Ell, Washington


text: File:Leon vance.jpg

title: File:Leon vance.jpg


text: File:The Master (novel).jpg

title: File:The Master (novel).jpg


text:
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4

HNF4 (Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4) is a nuclear receptor protein mostly expressed in the liver, gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells that is critical for liver development. In humans, there are two paralogs of HNF4, HNF4α and HNF4γ, encoded by two separate genes and  respectively.

Ligands
HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor that exhibits constitutive transactivation activity apparently by being continuously bound to a variety of fatty acids. The existence of a ligand for HNF4 has been somewhat controversial, but linoleic acid (LA) has been identified as the endogenous ligand of native HNF4 expressed in mouse liver; the binding of LA to HNF4 is reversible.

The ligand binding domain of HNF4, as with other nuclear receptors, adopts a canonical alpha helical sandwich fold and interacts with co-activator proteins.

HNF4 binds to the consensus sequence AGGTCAaAGGTCA in order to activate transcription.

Pathology
Mutations in the HNF4A gene have been linked to maturity onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1).

This seems to be caused by HNF4-a's role in the synthesis of SHBG, which is known to be severely diminished in patients with insulin-resistance.

title: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4


text:
User talk:OoOoOOoOoo

User has been blocked for vandalism. Suspiciously like WoW. Dunc|☺ 22:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:OoOoOOoOoo


text: Talk:MultiMate

title: Talk:MultiMate


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Max Ernst and Alchemy : A Magician in Search of Myth

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 05:26, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Max Ernst and Alchemy : A Magician in Search of Myth
Sub-stub, not notable, no suitable place to redirect to. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 22:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per above. Thunderbrand 01:56, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Harrison Gray Otis (politician)

Harrison Gray Otis (October 8, 1765 – October 28, 1848), was a businessman, lawyer, and politician, becoming one of the most important leaders of the United States' first political party, the Federalists. He was a member of the Otis family.

One of the wealthiest men of Boston, Otis was reportedly worth at least US$800,000 in 1846,.

Early life
Otis was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 8, 1765, to Elizabeth (née Gray) and Samuel Allyne Otis. His uncle was American colonial leader and activist James Otis, and his father was active in early American politics as a member of Massachusetts state house of representatives, delegate to Massachusetts state constitutional convention, and Continental Congress delegate from Massachusetts. His aunt was Mercy Otis Warren, a well-known poet.

Otis himself graduated from Boston Latin School in 1773 and Harvard University in 1783, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1786 when he commenced practice in Boston.

Career
In 1794 he was elected to the Massachusetts legislature, and in 1796 was appointed by President George Washington to be U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts. In 1797, he was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts as a Federalist and a strong advocate for centralized government, in which office he served until 1801. He was appointed United States U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts by President John Adams (1801–1802), and again served in the state legislature from 1802 to 1817, serving several terms as President of the state senate (1805–1806, 1808–1811). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1804. In subsequent years, Otis was elected U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1817–1822), and then Mayor of Boston (1829–1831).

Judicial career
In 1814, in the midst of his political career, he was also named a judge of the court of common pleas (1814–1818), and played a leading role as delegate to the controversial Hartford Convention in which New England's secession from the United States was discussed. Overall, it led to the demise of the Federalists, and Otis's political ambitions suffered. Otis subsequently defended the convention in his Letters Developing the Character and Views of the Hartford Convention (1820) and his Letters in Defence of the Hartford Convention (1824).

Otis was involved in a major financial scandal during the site selection for the Massachusetts State House. Boston was determined to remain the state capitol, and appointed Otis to a town committee to purchase land and donate it to the state. He did so, and also quietly arranged his own private purchase of 18.5 acre adjoining from the agent of John Singleton Copley, then living in England. After a decade of legal arguments, the sale was upheld, and Otis and the Mount Vernon Proprietors developed a large part of Beacon Hill.

Otis was an overseer of Harvard University from 1810 to 1823, and a fellow of the university from 1823 to 1825, as well as one of the original incorporators of the Boston Bank. In 1812, Otis also became a founding member of the American Antiquarian Society.

Personal life
On May 31, 1790, Otis married Sally Foster, the daughter of prominent merchant William Foster. During the course of his lifetime, he built not one, but three, grand houses in quick succession (see Harrison Gray Otis House), all designed by noted architect Charles Bulfinch. Together, Harrison and Sally were the parents of eleven children, including:

 * Elizabeth Gray Otis (1791–1824), who married George Williams Lyman (1786–1880), a director of the Boston and Lowell Railroad.
 * Harrison Gray Otis, Jr. (1792–1827), who married Eliza Henderson Boardman (1796–1873).
 * Sally Ann Otis (1793–1819), who married Israel Thorndike, Jr. (1785–1867), son of merchant Israel Thorndike.
 * Sophia Harrison Otis (1799–1874), who married Andrew Ritchie Jr. (1782–1862).
 * James William Otis (1800–1869), who married Martha C. Church (1807–1888) in 1825.
 * William Foster Otis (1801–1858), who married Emily Marshall (1807–1836).

He died in Boston on October 28, 1848, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Descendants
Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Emily Marshall Otis (1832–1906), who married historian and educator Samuel Eliot. Through his son James, he was the grandfather of James Otis, a New York State Senator and society leader.

A descendant was J. Wadsworth Ritchie (1861–1924), son of Montgomery Harrison Ritchie, who died in the American Civil War, and the first husband of Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie Adair.

title: Harrison Gray Otis (politician)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apparitions of Things to Come: Edward Bellamy's Tales of Mystery & Imagination

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 05:05, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Apparitions_of_Things_to_Come:_Edward_Bellamy's_Tales_of_Mystery_&_Imagination
Sub-stub, not notable, no suitable place to redirect to. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 22:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete', can't see the point of this at all other than possible advertisement/vanity. Xaa 23:56, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Monosyllable

In linguistics, a monosyllable is a word or utterance of only one syllable. It is most commonly studied in the fields of phonology and morphology and it has no semantic content. The word has originated from the Greek language.

"Yes", "no", "jump", "buy", "heat", "sure", "cough", and "and" are examples of monosyllables. Some of the longest monosyllabic words in the English language, all containing nine letters each, are "screeched," "schlepped," "scratched," "scrounged," "scrunched," "stretched," "straights," and "strengths."

title: Monosyllable


text:
Tom Turbo

Tom Turbo is a series of books created by Austrian author Thomas Brezina in 1993. The stories feature Tom Turbo, a bike who is able to talk and do one hundred and eleven tricky things. He and his friends Karo (Karolin Klicker) and Klaro (Konstantin Klicker) try to catch 'the ever bad guy' Fritz Fantom. With each of the original books, a detective gimmick would be delivered which would be used by Karo and Klaro during the current 'case'.

Tom Turbo was built by Karo and Klaro, who had a great supply of fairly new technological items as their parents always wanted to be up-to-date with everything available.

A Tom Turbo television series first appeared in Austria on ORF1 in 1993. Some of the episodes even aired on NICKELODEON in Germany. The bike (represented by an animatronic puppet) has a garage at its filming location, Tiergarten Schönbrunn. In the TV series, the bad guys and also the children 'working' with Tom change every once in a while. Only the 'boss' stays the same: Thomas Brezina.

In 2003 a film originally titled Tom Turbo - Von 0 auf 111 aka TOM TURBO - Der Film directed by Dirk Regel and starring Brezina himself, amongst others, was released.

TV Series

 * OKIDOKI - Tom Turbo
 * OKIDOKI - Tom Turbo

Film

 * Tom Turbo - Der Film

title: Tom Turbo


text:
Russ Mitchell

Russell Edward Mitchell (born March 25, 1960) is an American journalist best known for his career at CBS where he was anchor of The Early Show on Saturday, news anchor for The Early Show during the week, and weekend anchor of the CBS Evening News.

In December 2011, it was announced that he would leave CBS to join WKYC in Cleveland, Ohio, as a lead anchor, starting in January 2012.

Early years
Mitchell was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was raised in Rock Hill. He attended high school in Webster Groves in suburban St. Louis, and went on to graduate from the University of Missouri with a Bachelor of Journalism degree in 1982.

Career
Russ Mitchell's first television job came while he was still in high school, working as a part-time switchboard operator at KTVI in his native St. Louis. After graduation from Mizzou, Mitchell worked as a reporter with Kansas City television station KMBC. Mitchell was later an anchor for WFAA Dallas (1983–1985), reporter at KTVI St. Louis (1985–1987), and a weekend anchor and reporter for KMOV St. Louis (1987–92). He joined CBS News in 1992 as co-anchor of Up to the Minute. He was a correspondent for Eye to Eye on CBS (1993–95), anchor of the CBS Sunday Night News (1995-1997), an original co-anchor on Saturday Early Show (1997-2007, 2011), news anchor for the weekday edition of The Early Show (2007-2010), anchor of the CBS Sunday Evening News (2006-2011) and of the CBS Saturday Evening News (1999-2009; & both Saturday and Sunday later 2010–2011). He also substituted for Harry Smith, Jane Robelot and Mark McEwen on CBS This Morning, the predecessor to the Early Show, and was a correspondent on CBS News Sunday Morning. He was also a primary substitute for Dan Rather, John Roberts, Bob Schieffer, Katie Couric and Scott Pelley on CBS Evening News.

In December 2011, it was announced that he would move to Cleveland NBC affiliate WKYC as lead anchor and executive editor of the 6 and 11pm newscasts, where he remains today.

Personal life
Mitchell was married to Erica Townsend from 1987 to 2000. He married Karina Mahtani on December 2, 2006. They later divorced.

Honors and awards
Mitchell has won a total of 17 national and local Emmy Awards. Honors include:
 * 1989: Missouri UPI, Best Reporter honor
 * 1995: National Association of Black Journalists Award
 * 1997: Emmy Award, for coverage of the crash of TWA's flight 800; with two additional from the St. Louis chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
 * 2001: Society of Professional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi Award, for the CBS Evening News with Russ Mitchell's coverage of the Elian Gonzales story
 * 2005: New York Association of Black Journalists Award, Best Documentary, for a Sunday Morning report on Stax Records
 * 2006: Press Club of Metropolitan St. Louis 18th Annual Media Person of the Year

title: Russ Mitchell


text:
User talk:Realfantasy

i m adnan

 * No doubt true, but you are not famous. - Mustafaa 22:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Please write any entry on yourself on user:Realfantasy, not as an article. - Mustafaa 23:17, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Realfantasy


text: User talk:68.60.3.136

title: User talk:68.60.3.136


text:
Bauble

A bauble may be:

 * Memorabilia
 * Christmas ornament - British English
 * trinket
 * knickknack or Bric-à-brac
 * frippery
 * gewgaw
 * tchotchke
 * small jewelry

title: Bauble


text:
Dispilio Tablet

The Dispilio tablet is a wooden tablet bearing inscribed markings, unearthed during George Hourmouziadis's excavations of Dispilio in Greece, and carbon 14-dated to 5202 (± 123) BC. It was discovered in 1993 in a Neolithic lakeshore settlement that occupied an artificial island near the modern village of Dispilio on Lake Kastoria in Kastoria, Western Macedonia, Greece.

Discovery
The lake settlement itself was discovered during the dry winter of 1932, which lowered the lake level and revealed traces of the settlement. A preliminary survey was made in 1935 by Antonios Keramopoulos. Excavations began in 1992, led by George Hourmouziadis, professor of prehistoric archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The site appears to have been occupied over a long period, from the final stages of the Middle Neolithic (5600–5000 BC) to the Final Neolithic (3000 BC). A number of items were found, including ceramics, wooden structural elements, the remains of wooden walkways, seeds, bones, figurines, personal ornaments, flutes and a tablet with marks on it.

The tablet's discovery was announced at a symposium in February 1994 at the University of Thessaloniki. The site's paleoenvironment, botany, fishing techniques, tools and ceramics were described informally in a magazine article in 2000, and by Hourmouziadis in 2002.

The tablet itself was partially damaged when it was exposed to the oxygen-rich environment outside of the mud and water in which it was immersed for a long period of time, and so it was placed under conservation. , the full academic publication of the tablet apparently awaits the completion of conservation work.

title: Dispilio Tablet


text:
Terry Dodson

Terry Dodson is an American comic book artist and penciller. He is best known for his work on titles such as Harley Quinn, Trouble, Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil that Men Do, Marvel Knights: Spider-Man, Wonder Woman and Uncanny X-Men. His pencils are usually inked by his wife Rachel Dodson, who is a comic book inker and colorist.

Career
Dodson began his illustration career in 1991 at Revolutionary Comics, drawing issues of Rock 'N' Roll Comics that featured illustrated bios of performers like Rod Stewart (#38) and others. He first came to mainstream prominence as the artist on Malibu Comics' Ultraverse title Mantra in 1993. He co-created the character with writer Mike W. Barr.

In early 1996, he drew a four issue Storm mini series (starring the X-Men character of the same name), which was written by Warren Ellis, inked by Karl Story and published by Marvel Comics.

Later that same year this creative team reunited for another X-Men-related limited series — the three-issue Pryde and Wisdom title, starring Kitty Pryde and Pete Wisdom.

In 1998, he became regular penciller of Marvel's Generation X, where he remained until 2000 (#38-60).

In 2000, Dodson left Marvel for DC Comics where he pencilled a Harley Quinn ongoing series written by Karl Kesel. He left the title a year later.

Dodson returned to Marvel in 2002 to draw Spider-Man and the Black Cat: The Evil that Men Do, a limited series which was not completed until 2006 due to delays.

In 2003, Dodson and writer Mark Millar produced a controversial limited series titled Trouble, which was published through Marvel's Epic Comics imprint. The series which was supposedly aimed at a teenage girl audience, featured suggestive photo covers of girls in bikinis and seemed to reveal details about Peter Parker (Spider-Man)'s true parentage.

In 2004, Dodson and Millar reteamed to launch a new ongoing Spider-Man series, Marvel Knights Spider-Man. They left after a 12-issue arc.

Dodson provided covers and interior art for DC Comics' 2006 relaunch of Wonder Woman. He has also completed the first volume of Songes: Coraline, a comic strip which is edited and published in France and Spain.

Dodson and artist Greg Land alternated story arcs on Marvel's Uncanny X-Men, with drawing issues #504 to #538.

In 2014, General Mills enlisted the help of DC Comics to create new designs for its monster-themed cereals in time for Halloween. The designs, revealed on August 6, consisted of a Count Chocula design by Dodson, a Boo Berry design by Jim Lee, and a Franken-Berry design by Dave Johnson.

Other projects in the 2010s include pencilling issues of Defenders, X-Men, Avengers & X-Men AXIS and Star Wars: Princess Leia for Marvel Comics and Red One for Image Comics.

DC

 * Legends of the DC Universe #10-11: "Folie a Deux" (with Kelley Puckett, 1998)
 * Gen13 #66: "Meanwhile..." (with Adam Warren and various artists, Wildstorm, 2001)
 * Harley Quinn #1-7, 10–12, 14-19 (with Karl Kesel, Craig Rousseau and Phil Noto, 2000–2002)
 * Silver Age: "Pawns of the Invincible Immortal!" (with Mark Waid, one-shot, 2000)
 * Showcase '96 #8: "Limited Resources" (with Peter David, 1996)
 * Adventures of Superman #540: "Curtain Call" (with Karl Kesel and Jerry Ordway, 1996)
 * Team Titans #17-20, 22-23 (with Jeff Jensen and Phil Jimenez, 1994)
 * The Titans #25: "This is Your Life" (with Jay Faerber, Marv Wolfman and various artists, 2001)
 * WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams #18-19: "Savant" (with James Robinson, Wildstorm, 1995)
 * Wonder Woman, vol. 3, #1-4, Annual #1, 8–9, 14-17 (with Allan Heinberg, Jodi Picoult and Gail Simone, 2006–08)
 * Teen Titans: Earth One Volume 1 (with Jeff Lemire, 2014)

Marvel

 * Age of Apocalypse (Marvel, 1995):
 * Factor X #3-4 (with John Francis Moore and Steve Epting, 1995)
 * X-Universe #2 (with Scott Lobdell, Terry Kavanagh and Carlos Pacheco, 1995)
 * X-Men Chronicles (with Howard Mackie, one-shot, 1995)
 * X-Men Prime (with Scott Lobdell and Fabian Nicieza and various artists, one-shot, 1995)
 * Daredevil, vol. 2, #40: "Trial of the Century: Part Three" (with Brian Michael Bendis, Marvel, 2002)
 * The Defenders, vol. 3, #1-3, 7 (with Matt Fraction, 2011–12)
 * Excalibur #83: "Bend Sinister" (with Warren Ellis and Bill Sienkiewicz, 1994)
 * Generation X #38-40, 42–45, 48–50, 52–57, 59-60 (with Larry Hama, Jay Faerber, Dan Lawlis, Derec Aucoin, Karl Kerschl and Chris Renaud, 1998–2000)
 * Uncanny X-Men (Marvel, 1998–2011):
 * "In Sin Air" (with Steven T. Seagle and various artists, in #352, 1998)
 * "SFX, Part One" (with Ed Brubaker, Matt Fraction and Greg Land, in #500, 2008)
 * "Lovelorn" (with Matt Fraction, in #504-507, 2009)
 * "Sisterhood, Part Four" (with Matt Fraction and Greg Land, in #511, 2009)
 * "Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Utopia, Parts Two & Four" (with Matt Fraction, in #513-514, 2009)
 * Dark Avengers/Uncanny X-Men: Exodus (with Matt Fraction and Mike Deodato, Jr., one-shot, 2009)
 * "Nation X, Parts Four & Five" (with Matt Fraction, in #518-519, 2010)
 * "Second Coming, Parts Two, Six & Ten" (with Matt Fraction, in #523-525, 2010)
 * "Breaking Point" (with Kieron Gillen, in #535-538, 2011)
 * The Incredible Hulk, vol. 1, #433: "Over the Edge" (with Peter David, 1995)
 * Princess Leia, vol. 1, #1-5 (with Mark Waid, 2015)
 * Pryde and Wisdom #1-3 (with Warren Ellis and Karl Story, 1996)
 * Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #1-4, 6–7, 9-12 (with Mark Millar, Marvel, 2004–2005)
 * Spider-Man and the Black Cat: "The Evil that Men Do" #1-6 (with Kevin Smith, 2002–2006)
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (Vol. 6) #14 (with Zeb Wells, 2022), 19-20 (with Joe Kelly, 2023)
 * Storm #1-4: "Nocturnes" (with Warren Ellis, Marvel, 1996)
 * Trouble #1-5 (with Mark Millar, Marvel, 2003–2004)
 * X-Men (Marvel, 1994–1995):
 * "Birds of a Feather" (with Fabian Nicieza, in #39, 1994)
 * "A Sinister Heart" (with J.M. DeMatteis, Ralph Macchio and John Paul Leon, in Annual '95, 1995)
 * X-Force (Marvel, 1995):
 * "A Lie of the Mind" (with Fabian Nicieza, in #42, 1995)
 * "Target: X-Force" (with Jeph Loeb, in #49, 1995)
 * Wolverine, vol. 1, #186: "See Ya Around, Frankie" (with Frank Tieri, 2003)
 * X-Man (1996–97):
 * "Mind Games" (with Ralph Macchio, in Annual '96, 1996)
 * All Saints' Day (with Ben Raab, graphic novel, 1997)

Other publishers

 * Rock 'n' Roll Comics #38: "Rod Stewart" (with Jay Allen Sanford, Revolutionary, 1991)
 * Mantra #1-3, 5–7, 12, 21 (with Mike W. Barr, Malibu, 1993–1994)
 * Will to Power #7-9: "Main Story" (with Barbara Kesel, Dark Horse, 1994)
 * Ghost #5: "Trophy Ghost" (with Eric Luke and Lee Moder, Dark Horse, 1995)
 * Star Wars: Dark Force Rising #1-6 (with Mike Baron and Timothy Zahn, Dark Horse, 1997)
 * Judgment Day Omega: "The Trial" (with Alan Moore and various artists, Awesome, 1997)
 * Witchblade #92 (with Ron Marz and various artists, Top Cow, 2005)
 * Songes (with Denis-Pierre Filippi, graphic novel, Les Humanoïdes Associés, 2006–2012)
 * Coraline (#1, 2006)
 * Célia (#2, 2012)
 * Songes, sketchbook (2007)
 * Songes, complete edition (2013)
 * Red Skin (with Xavier Dorison, Glénat, 2014)
 * Welcome to America #1, 2014
 * Jacky #2, 2016
 * Red One #1-4 (with Xavier Dorison, English version of Red Skin, Image, 2015–2016)

Covers

 * Mantra #4, 9 (with Mike W. Barr, Malibu, 1993–1994)
 * Team Titans #21, 24 (DC Comics, 1994)
 * Excalibur #92 (Marvel, 1995)
 * C.H.I.X. #1 (Image, 1998)
 * Generation X #37, 41, 46–47, 51, 58, 61–62, Annual '99 (Marvel, 1998–2000)
 * C.H.I.X.: That Time Forgot #1 (Image, 1998)
 * X-Man #50 (Marvel, 1999)
 * Adventures of Superman #578 (DC Comics, 2000)
 * Xena: Warrior Princess #10, 12, 14 (Dark Horse, 2000)
 * Gen-Active #2 (Wildstorm, 2000)
 * Harley Quinn #8-9, 20-23 (DC Comics, 2001–2002)
 * Hopeless Savages: Ground Zero #1-4 (Oni Press, 2002)
 * Rawhide Kid #3 (Marvel MAX, 2003)
 * The Amazing Spider-Man v2 #54 (Marvel, 2003)
 * Marvel Knights Spider-Man #8 (Marvel, 2005)
 * Black Panther #5 (Marvel, 2005)
 * House of M #2 (Marvel, 2005)
 * Witchblade #88-91, 94, 96 (Top Cow, 2005–2006)
 * The Amazing Spider-Man #523 (Marvel, 2005)
 * ABC: A-Z, Tom Strong and Jack B. Quick #1 (America's Best Comics, 2005)
 * ABC: A-Z, Greyshirt and Cobweb #1 (America's Best Comics, 2006)
 * ABC: A-Z, Terra Obscura and Splash Brannigan #1 (America's Best Comics, 2006)
 * ABC: A-Z, Top 10 and Teams #1 (America's Best Comics, 2006)
 * Action Comics #837-840 (DC Comics, 2006)
 * Superman #650-653 (DC Comics, 2006)
 * Birds of Prey #92-94 (DC Comics, 2006)
 * Wonder Woman v3 #5-7, 10–13, 18 (DC Comics, 2007–2008)
 * Countdown to Final Crisis #43-40 (DC Comics, 2007)
 * Aquaman: Sword of Atlantis #54 (DC Comics, 2007)
 * Ms. Marvel #25 (Marvel, 2008)
 * Captain Marvel #4 (Marvel, 2008)
 * Young X-Men #1-7 (Marvel, 2008)
 * Secret Invasion: X-Men #1-4 (Marvel, 2008–2009)
 * Daredevil v2 #111 (Marvel, 2008)
 * Uncanny X-Men #520, 522, 526-529 (Marvel, 2009–2010)
 * X-Men: Legacy #226-227 (Marvel, 2009)
 * What If? Spider-Man: House of M #1 (Marvel, 2010)
 * New Mutants #11 (Marvel, 2010)
 * Atlas #1 (Marvel, 2010)
 * Ultimate Doom #1 (Marvel, 2011)
 * X-Men v3 #7-10 (Marvel, 2011)
 * Fear Itself #4 (Marvel, 2011)
 * Moon Knight #7 (Marvel, 2011)
 * Ghost #1-3 (with Rachel Dodson, Dark Horse, 2014)
 * Vampirella Volume 2 #1-6 (with Rachel Dodson, Dynamite, 2014)
 * X-O Manowar #25 (Valiant, 2014)
 * How to Pass As Human: A Guide to Assimilation For Future Androids (with Rachel Dodson, graphic novel, Dark Horse, 2015)

title: Terry Dodson


text:
KWYF-LD

KWYF-LD (channel 20) is a low-power television station in Casper, Wyoming, United States. It is a translator of dual Fox and MeTV/MyNetworkTV affiliate KFNB (channel 20), which is owned by Coastal Television. KWYF-LD's transmitter is located atop Casper Mountain.

History
A construction permit to construct a low-power television station on UHF channel 26 in Casper was granted on June 15, 1995, and issued the call sign K26ES. Original owner Charles W. Swaner sold K26ES to Wyomedia Corporation on September 15, 1997; the new owners applied for a license to cover on October 29, 1997, and was granted it on January 28, 1998. Initially, K26ES served as a translator of KLWY in Cheyenne; this brought Fox programming to Casper, along with a secondary affiliation with UPN. The station, by then referring to itself as "KWYF," began producing a 9 p.m. newscast on November 3, 2003. On March 8, 2004, K26ES became a full-time UPN affiliate after Fox programming was moved to KFNB; for a time after this change, the station also carried some programming from Pax. Wyomedia also transferred K26ES' newscast to KFNB. When UPN and The WB closed to form The CW in 2006, K26ES became the new network's Casper affiliate.

On March 27, 2012, Wyomedia was granted a construction permit for a digital companion channel for K26ES to operate on channel 27; this facility was issued the call sign K27LZ-D. K27LZ-D filed for its license to cover on June 15, 2012 and was granted it on July 16; on June 13, 2013, the call letters were changed to KWYF-LD. The analog K26ES license remained active until September 12, 2014, when it was canceled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

On January 26, 2015, KWYF became a MeTV affiliate. In addition to airing programing from MeTV, it also airs programing from MyNetworkTV from 7pm-9pm weeknights.

Wyomedia Corporation agreed to sell its stations, including KWYF-LD, to Legacy Broadcasting on February 8, 2018. The sale was canceled on October 2, 2018.

On October 8, 2019, Wyomedia announced that it would sell its stations to Front Range Television, a subsidiary of Coastal Television Broadcasting Company (run by Bill Fielder). This sale was concurrent with Coastal's purchase of KFNB, the sale of KTWO-TV to Vision Alaska, LLC, and the sale of KGWC-TV to Big Horn Television. The sale was completed on June 1, 2020.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: KWYF-LD


text:
File:Ptw-tearfromthered.JPG

Summary
tear from the red - poison the well (trustkill 2002)

title: File:Ptw-tearfromthered.JPG


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Midmark Corporation

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 05:25, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Midmark Corporation
spamvert Hansonc 22:35, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, but Keep if severely pruned back and NPOV'd. Companies are at least as noteworthy as pokémons and the endless fancruft Wickedpedia is already swimming in.... Bill 22:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio Surely a copyvio of ?? Mark 22:53, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:The Southern Review

Untitled
The Southern Review was started in 1935, with the first issue being published in July of that year. It continued publication until 1942, after 28 issues, and started again in 1965.

More critical reception is available and will be referenced. — Preceding unsigned comment added by There Is No Me (talk • contribs) 17:02, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

An earlier Southern Review?
The Appletons' article on Stephen Elliott reports the naturalist Stephen Elliott and the writer William Elliot respectively editing and publishing in a journal called the Southern Review in the 19th century. See Bob Burkhardt (talk) 17:44, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Edit request of July 27
I noticed a few errors/dead links on the Southern Review page but didn't want to edit myself as I'm a member of staff at its sister institution, LSU Press.

1. The 4th citation under "References" include dead links. Suggested replacement for citation #4 is the CELJ awards page, as the LSU press release page is no longer active.

2. The 2005 date for the CELJ Award is incorrect and should be 2006.

3. The 5th citation under "References" is a link that is no longer active. Suggested replacement is the updated Southern Review "About" page.

2620:105:B003:6100:3D59:E346:782A:6593 (talk) 18:28, 27 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bringing this to our attention. Fortunately, there was a copy of citation #4 in the Internet Archive, so simply changed the link to the archived version. The CELJ Award date has been corrected. As for citation #5, we want to verify the claim that Adams and Faust became co-editors, which isn't mentioned on the suggested replacement page. Therefore, I have flagged the original citation as a dead link. Altamel (talk) 22:06, 11 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on The Southern Review. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130330233852/http://www.lsu.edu:80/thesouthernreview/history.html to http://www.lsu.edu/thesouthernreview/history.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:26, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Southern Review


text:
Man Overboard!

Man Overboard! (also known as Cold-Blooded Murder) is a detective novel by Freeman Wills Crofts, first published in 1936. It is the fifteenth novel in the Inspector French series. The book is set largely in Northern Ireland, and re-uses two of the characters from the earlier novel Sir John Magill's Last Journey (1930) which was set in the same country. As a MacGuffin, the novel centres on a supposedly newly discovered (though possibly fraudulent) reversible chemical process that converts petrol into an inert form which is much safer for transport and storage. The potential commercial value of this discovery leads to intrigue, theft and murder, with everything finally solved by Inspector French after his usual dogged legwork and some flashes of inspiration.

title: Man Overboard!


text:
User talk:Matthew Oswald

Welcome
Hello , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 22:36, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Matthew Oswald


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clinton Street

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 05:21, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Clinton Street
Delete Combines advertisement, tour guiding and potential non-notability (although it could be important enough to be re-written) into a single two sentence article. Icelight 22:36, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Lower East Side, until the editor actually figures out something to say about it. Dcarrano 00:39, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete POV promo, notability not established. JamesBurns 08:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Normally I would vote redirect but it doesn't seem that useful as one. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 20:43, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not necessarily notable, and perhaps not even true from a broader perspective. This may be a 'hot street'; however, defining it as such in a tourism guide would be more appropriate than in an encyclopedia.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Christmas decoration

A Christmas decoration is any of several types of ornamentation used at Christmastide and the greater holiday season. The traditional colors of Christmas are pine green (evergreen), snow white, and heart red. Gold and silver are also prevalent, as are other metallic colours. Typical images on Christmas decorations include Baby Jesus, Mother Mary, angels, Father Christmas, Santa Claus, and the star of Bethlehem. Advent wreaths, nativity scenes, illuminations, and Moravian stars are popular Christmas decorations.

In many countries, such as Sweden, people start to set up their Advent and Christmas decorations on the first day of Advent. Liturgically, this is done in some parishes through a Hanging of the Greens ceremony. In the Western Christian world, the two traditional days when Christmas decorations are removed are Twelfth Night and if they are not taken down on that day, Candlemas, the latter of which ends the Christmas-Epiphany season in some denominations. Taking down Christmas decorations before Twelfth Night, as well as leaving the decorations up beyond Candlemas, is historically considered to be inauspicious.

History
Christmas decorations are mentioned in ancient descriptions of the Roman feast Saturnalia, which was believed to have originated in the 5th century BC.

The tradition of decorating a tree is old since the Celts already decorated a tree, the symbol of life at the time of the winter solstice. The Scandinavians did the same for the Yule festival, which was held around the same date as Christmas.

Tertullian complained to the 2nd century that Christians in North Africa decorated their homes with greenery, a pagan symbol.

Tree
The Christmas tree was first used by German Lutherans in the 16th century, with records indicating that a Christmas tree was placed in the Cathedral of Strassburg in 1539, under the leadership of the Protestant Reformer, Martin Bucer. In the United States, these "German Lutherans brought the decorated Christmas tree with them; the Moravians put lighted candles on those trees." When decorating the Christmas tree, many individuals place a star at the top of the tree symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem, a fact recorded by The School Journal in 1897. Professor David Albert Jones of Oxford University writes that in the 19th century, it became popular for people also to use an angel to top the Christmas tree to symbolize the angels mentioned in the accounts of the Nativity of Jesus. In discussions of folklore, some claim that the Christmas tree is a Christianization of pagan tradition and ritual surrounding the winter solstice, which included the use of evergreen boughs, and an adaptation of pagan tree worship; according to eighth-century biographer Æddi Stephanus, Saint Boniface (634–709), who was a missionary in Germany, took an axe to an oak tree dedicated to Thor and pointed out a fir tree, which he stated was a more fitting object of reverence because it pointed to heaven; it had a triangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. However, the English-language phrase "Christmas tree" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to England, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the early reign of Queen Victoria. The influential 1840s image of the Queen's decorated evergreen was republished in the United States. As the first widely circulated picture of a decorated Christmas tree in America, the custom there spread. Christmas trees may be decorated with lights and ornaments.

Glass ornaments
Figural glass Christmas ornaments originated in the small town of Lauscha, Germany in the latter half of the 19th century. The town had long produced fine glassware. The production of Christmas ornaments became a family affair for many people. Some families invested 16 hours a day in production. For some, it was their sole source of income.

Sometimes, competitions were held. Prizes were awarded to the family, producing the finest examples. Santa Clauses, angels, birds, animals, and other traditional Yuletide subjects were favorites.

F.W. Woolworth discovered these glass ornaments on a toy and doll-buying trip to Sonnenburg, Germany, in the 1890s. He sold them in his "five and ten cent" stores in America. The ornaments were said to have contributed to Woolworth's business success.

For the American market, figures depicting comic book characters and patriotic subjects such as Uncle Sams, eagles, and flags were blown. Glassblowers have held on to the old molds. Glass ornaments are still created from these old molds.

Method
A clear glass tube is heated over an open flame. It is then inserted into a mold. The glassblower then blows into the end of the tube. The glass expands to fill the mold. The glass takes on the shape of the mold. It is cooled. A silver nitrate solution is swirled about inside the ornament. This gives the ornament a silver glow. The outside of the ornament is painted or decorated with metal trims, paper clippings, etc.

Cotton batting
Cotton batting Christmas ornaments were popular during the German Christmas toy and decoration boom at the turn of the century. They were exported in large numbers to the United States. These decorations suggested puffs of snow. Fruits and vegetables were popular subjects and often had a realistic appearance. African-American and patriotic characters were fashioned for the American market. Some ornaments were used to hide boxes of candy.

Assembling these decorations was a cottage industry. Cotton batting was wound around a wire frame resembling a human or animal. A face was painted, or a lithograph cut-out was affixed to the batting. Figures were given crepe paper costumes. Some were touched with glue and sprinkled with mica flakes for a glittering appearance.

Dresden
Dresdens are three-dimensional ornaments. They are made of paper, card, or cardboard. Dresdens were produced mostly in Dresden and Leipzig, Germany, from the 1860s to WWI. They were originally priced between 1 and 60 cents. Subjects included animals and birds, suns and moons, humans, carriages and ships, etc. Some Dresdens were flat, allowing the buyer to collect them in scrapbooks.

Positive and negative molds were set into a press. A moistened sheet of card was put into the press. The images were pressed. When they had dried, they were sent to cottage workers for the finishing touches. This involved separating the form-halves from the card, trimming ragged edges, and gluing the two halves together. The form was then gilded, silvered, or hand-painted. Sometimes, a small gift or sweet was put into the form. Forms were usually no larger than five inches.

Plants
Popular Christmas plants include holly, mistletoe, ivy and Christmas trees. The interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along with garlands and evergreen foliage. These often come with small ornaments tied to the delicate branches and sometimes with a small light set. Wreaths are made from real or artificial conifer branches, or sometimes other broadleaf evergreens or holly. Several types of evergreen or even deciduous branches may be used in the same wreath, along with pinecones and sprays of berries, and Christmas ornaments including jingle bells. A bow is usually used at the top or bottom, and an electric or unlit candle may be placed in the middle. Christmas lights are often used, and they may be hung from doors or windows, and sometimes walls, lampposts, light fixtures, or even statuary.

Since the nineteenth century, the poinsettia, a native plant from Mexico, has been associated with Christmas

Different places also have different traditions and superstitions about when and how to remove Christmas decorations. For example, in some parts of England, people believed that if Christmas greenery were thrown away instead of being burned, a ghost would appear, but in other parts, they believed that if the greenery were burned instead of being thrown away, a family member would die.

Outdoors
In North and South America, Australia, and Europe, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights and sometimes with illuminated sleighs, snowmen, and other Christmas figures. Municipalities often sponsor decorations as well. Christmas banners may be hung from street lights and Christmas trees placed in the town square.

Others
In the Western world, rolls of brightly colored paper with secular or religious Christmas/winter/Hanukkah motifs are manufactured for giftwrapping presents. The display of Christmas villages has also become a tradition in many homes this season. Other traditional decorations include bells, reindeer, candles, candy canes, garland, stockings, wreaths, snow globes, and angels. Snow sheets are made specifically for simulating snow under a tree or village.

In many countries, a representation of the Nativity scene is prevalent, and people are encouraged to compete and create the most original or realistic ones. Within some families, the pieces used to make the representation are considered a valuable family heirloom. Some churches also perform a live Nativity with volunteers and even live animals.

Among the most popular items of Christmas decorations are stockings. According to legend, Saint Nicolas would creep in through the chimney and slip gold into stockings hanging by the fireplace. Various forms of stockings are available, from simple velvet ones to sock-shaped bags to animated ones.

Season

Christmas decorations are typically put up in late November or early December, usually to coincide with the start of Advent. In the UK, Christmas lights on the high street are generally switched on in November. In the US, the traditional start of the holiday season is Thanksgiving. Major retailers put their seasonal decorations out for sale after back-to-school sales, while smaller niche Christmas Stores sell Christmas decorations year round.

In some places, Christmas decorations are traditionally taken down on Twelfth Night, the evening of January 5 or January 6. The difference in this date is that some count Christmas Day as the first day of Christmas, whereas for others, Christmas Day is a feast day in its own right, and the first full day of the Christmas Season is December 26. In Hispanic and other cultures, this is more like Christmas Eve, as the Three Wise Men bring gifts that night. Therefore decorations are left up longer. The same is true in Eastern Churches which often observe Christmas according to the Julian Calendar, thus making it fall 13 days later.

In England, it was customary to burn the decorations in the hearth. However, this tradition has fallen out of favour as reusable and imperishable decorations made of plastics, wood, glass and metal became more popular. If a Yule log has been kept alight since Christmas Day, it is put out, and the ashes are kept to be included in the fire on the following Christmas Day. A superstition exists which suggests that if decorations are kept up after Twelfth Night, they must be kept up until the following Twelfth Night, but also that if the decorations for the current Christmas are taken down before the New Year begins, bad luck shall befall the house for a whole year.

In the United States, many stores immediately remove decorations the day after Christmas, as some think of the holiday season as being over once Christmas has passed. A vast majority of Americans who put up home decorations keep them out and lit until at least New Year's Day, and inside decorations can often be seen in windows for several weeks afterward.

title: Christmas decoration


text:
Talk:Hardcore dancing

Re-write
I've done a complete re-write, I've still left the unreferenced tag on, because it is incredibly difficult to find references for this! I've included an opposition section to try and get it in a more neutral point of view. I've tried my best and will continue looking for citation, any help would be much appreciated.  Asics   talk  Editor review! 23:13, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Good article
This is hard material to reference, but you did a good job on the re-write. this is pretty accurate.

Criticism
The first paragraph of the Criticism section is not neutral. Jasontheperson (talk) 10:51, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

"Outsiders tend not to understand the enjoyment or its level of artistic expression that is shared within the hardcore dancing community." - I think outsiders don't appreciate being punched in the face, especially when at a metal show and not a hardcore show. What part of everyone dancing in the same manner is self expression? Sounds like elite scene conformity to me. LordaaD'm (talk) 19:46, 14 July 2008 (UTC) 7999897 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.41.175.6 (talk) 18:41, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Lock
I think this page should be semi-protected because of constant vandalism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by NewYorkStyledCheesecakes (talk • contribs) 21:00, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Hardcore dancing is much harder then just going out and pushing people. It actually takes some skill that moshing doesn't not SLIPKNOT SUCKS!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.58.182.1 (talk) 21:34, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, this is Wikipedia, not YouTube, so its not the place for scenesters and metalheads to be battling it out, but I couldn't resist this one, what do you think is so hard and skillful about jumping around and swinging your arms like a little spastic monkey?--Metalhead94 (talk) 22:26, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hardcore dancing


text:
Serú Girán

Serú Girán was an Argentine rock supergroup. Formed in 1978, the group consisted of Charly García (keyboards, synthesizers and vocals), David Lebón (guitars and vocals), Oscar Moro (drums and percussion) and Pedro Aznar (electric and fretless bass and vocals) the three first being already consecrated musicians through their previous bands. It is considered one of the best in the history of rock en español, both musically and conceptually, including the staging

Formation, beginnings and first album (1978)
Serú Girán was born after the separation of the band La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros which Charly García had organized in his early post-Sui Generis. Along with David Lebón, Charly García traveled to Búzios (Brazil) in 1978, with the idea of writing songs for a new album. On their return to Buenos Aires, García met the young and talented bass player Pedro Aznar. They were then joined by Oscar Moro, who was the drummer of La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros and formerly of the legendary group Los Gatos.

The band Billy Bond and the Jets was formed by Charly García, Billy Bond, David Lebón, Pedro Aznar and Oscar Moro. They released a single album with tracks like "Discoshock", "Toda la Gente" ("Everybody"), and "Loco, ¿No te sobra una moneda?" ("Man, don't you have a coin to spare?"). Finally Billy Bond dismantled the project, and the rest of its members formed Serú Girán.

The beginnings of the band were difficult. Its first album, Serú Girán (released in 1978), did not have a good reception even though some of its songs (notably "Seminare" and "Eiti Leda") would become public anthems. The first public appearance of the band was in a boat over the Riachuelo river. What inspired García to do this was the revolutionary band "Los Jóvenes de Ayer". In its debut, the band was joined by the orchestral collaborations of Daniel Goldberg, who recorded with 24 musicians in United States.

The official presentation of the debut album Serú Girán was held in Estadio Obras Sanitarias on November 3, 1978 with an orchestra of 24 musicians (string section and wind) and closed circuit television. In the back of the stage, a giant screen showed the musicians on stage. Lebón, Aznar and Moro were dressed in white, while Charly chose a jacket, a black mesh bag and snickers. The beginning of the recital, with the full orchestra playing the powerful intro of the song "Serú Girán", presaged an unforgettable night. However, it did not go well. The audience didn't get the satire behind the song "Discoshock", which is about the disco music in vogue at the time, and was taken aback. Amid a chorus of whistles, the crowd asked the musicians to play "Blues del levante", a song written by García at the end of his Sui Generis tenure. The rest of the concert went to general indifference.

La Grasa de las Capitales (1979)
Serú Girán released La Grasa de las Capitales a year later in 1979. The word "grasa" means "grease" in Spanish, but in Argentina it is also slang for "tacky". As such, the title of the album was a criticism of Argentine society at the time (which was living under a military dictatorship following the 1976 coup) specially critical of what it was considered then "commercial" music (as opposed to the more elaborate lyrics and musicianship supposedly present in genres such as prog-rock) with disco music being parodied in the self-titled first track, the cover of the album itself being a spoof of popular Gente magazine. "Viernes 3 A.M." (Friday 3 A.M,) and "Noche de Perros" ("Dog's night") were the best performing tracks of Serú Girán's second album. "Viernes 3 AM" would be banned from the radios for a time by the dictatorship because it was considered to incite suicide. In 2007, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone ranked it 17 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock".

The official release of La Grasa de las Capitales was held at a number of venues in September and October 1979 including the Buenos Aires Auditorium (Ex - Kraft).

Bicicleta and success (1980)
In 1980, the album Bicicleta ("Bicycle") was released. The album described with delicate and admirable accuracy the Argentine social and political times under the dictatorship. "Canción de Alicia en el país" ("Song of Alice in the Land") and "Encuentro con el diablo" ("Encounter with the Devil") are the songs that best described that social reality according to music historian, Sergio Pujol. To avoid censorship, "Canción de Alicia en el país" painted Argentina's reality using metaphors inspired on the book Alice in Wonderland. Charly García described the feelings of young and middle-aged adults in the songs "A los jóvenes de ayer" ("To the Youth of Yesterday") and "Mientras miro las nuevas olas" ("While I Watch the New Waves") who were ambivalent about old tango idols and emerging New Wave music respectively.

Bicicleta  which was also the initial name proposed by Charly for the band but was rejected by the rest of the group   was officially launched at the Estadio Obras Sanitarias stadium on June 6 and 7, 1980. For the concerts, the stage was adorned with wheels of bicycles, rabbits and flowers. The scenery made an impact on the attendants and on the media, being Serú Girán the first group that put some thought about the staging. Serú Girán had delegated scenic responsibility to choreographer Renata Schussheim, who was an old friend of Charly. Bicicleta marked the beginning of Serú Girán's successful shows.

A month later, in August 1980, Serú performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival in Rio de Janeiro. In general, the Argentine musicians going to the festival were related mostly to jazz or tango sounds, while Serú proposed a progressive rock act. That year the concert had two parts: Serú Girán, American guitarist Pat Metheny and George Duke performed in the first half. The success of the Argentine band in the first half was such that the organizers offered Serú Girán to play again in the second half along with John McLaughlin, Hermeto Pascoal Egberto Gismonti, and the group Weather Report.

García remembers about the Monterey Jazz Festival that: "When McLaughlin was playing, people skated and threw paper airplanes. I was dying of Embarrassment! If they did that to McLaughlin, they would throw more stuff at us". However, his prediction was wrong. The main reason of the public's favorable response may lie in the variety of nuances in the songs, some, with a cadence that invites to dance. At this festival, Aznar met Jaco Pastorius.

On December 30, 1980, the group gave a historic free concert in La Rural, which was organized by the public TV channel ATC as part of its series of concerts named "Music forbidden for adults". The concert drew more than 60,000 attendants, making Serú the first Argentine band to have such live audience.

Peperina, No llores por mí, Argentina and separation (1981-1982)
The next album Peperina (1981) was marked by compositions such as "Llorando en el espejo" ("Crying in the Mirror"), "Esperando Nacer" ("Waiting to be Born"), "Cinema Verité" and "Peperina". The official release of the album was held at Obras Sanitarias on 4, 5 and 6 September 1981. The album cover was designed by Clota Ponieman, with photos picked by him and Charly.

When Aznar decided to leave the band to study at Berklee College of Music (Boston, Massachusetts, USA), Serú organized a series of concerts in advance of the possible break up of the band. Serú Girán's future was uncertain. At beginning of 1982, the track recorded in these concerts, No Llores por Mí Argentina ("Don't Cry for me Argentina"), was one of the best sellers of that year.

Later this year, arguments between García, Lebón and Moro (in particular the first two) on how to replace Aznar and the group's future led the band to dissolve.

Comeback and Serú '92 (1992-1993)
Many years passed until the comeback of Serú Girán became a reality. García, Moro, Lebón and Aznar reunited in the early 1990s to make their last studio album, Serú '92 (1992), and embark on a tour that would be their last.

With the return of Serú, presentations were made in Rosario, Córdoba (in stadium Chateau Carreras), Montevideo (Centenario Stadium) and in Buenos Aires, with two performances at the stage of River Plate Stadium, the latter to gather 160.000 fans in total; the return of Serú marked a national record unthinkable for the country decades before: a local band playing a massive concert at a stadium, a place that was not the usual venue for this kind of gathering. Nevertheless, since then it has become a staple of popular rock bands in Argentina to play at soccer stadiums.

In 1993 the band released its second live album (and last live album, chronologically), En vivo ("Live").

Death of Oscar Moro and sporadic reunions (2006-present)
Drummer Oscar Moro died of a stomach hemorrhage in July 2006. The members of the band have since stated that there will not be a definitive reunion of Serú without Moro.

In late March and early April 2007, Pedro Aznar and David Lebón played a series of concerts together in the ND Ateneo theater. In their fifth show, on April 6, Charly García joined them on stage to play "Seminare". On July 26, 2007, a year after the passing of Moro, a tribute concert was organized in his honor, in which Charly García and Pedro Aznar played "Desarma y sangra" ("Disarm and bleed"), "Encuentro con el Diablo", "Mientras miro las nuevas olas" and "Esperando nacer".

On April 30, 2010, Lebón and Aznar were guest players during García's show at Luna Park Stadium to play "Seminare".

Awards
They were awarded in the categories:
 * Best live group,
 * Best Composer (García),
 * Best Keyboardist (García),
 * Best guitarist (Lebón),
 * Best bassist (Aznar),
 * Best drummer (Moro),
 * Disclosure group 1978,
 * Best singer (Lebón) 1980 and 1981,
 * Best song 1978 (Seminare) and 1981 (Peperina) y
 * Best Album 1978 (Serú Girán)

title: Serú Girán


text:
Roland Juno-106

The Roland Juno-106 is a synthesizer released by Roland Corporation in February 1984.

Features
The Juno-106 is a polyphonic synthesizer with six voices. It is an analog synthesizer but with digitally controlled oscillators and chorus effects. Whereas its predecessor, the Juno-60, has 56 patches, the Juno-106 has 128. It introduced Roland's performance lever for pitch bends and modulation, which became a standard feature of Roland instruments. It also adds MIDI and was one of the first analog synthesizers to allow users to sequence parameter changes.

Impact
Artists who have used the Juno-106 include Jacob Mann, Vince Clarke, Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Chvrches, Leftfield, William Orbit, Tangerine Dream, Underworld, Reel 2 Real, Jam & Spoon, and Vangelis.

The Juno-106 was Roland's bestselling synthesizer until the release of the Roland D-50 later in the decade. It remains one of the bestselling synthesizers. In 1985, Roland released two versions with built-in speakers: the Juno-106S and the HS60 Synth Plus.

The synth's popularity continues to the present day, especially with EDM and artists such as Tame Impala, Daft Punk, Calvin Harris, Armin van Buuren, Mark Ronson, Caribou among many others.

Hardware re-issues and recreations
The Roland MKS-7 Super Quartet, a multi-timbral synth module with dedicated sections for each part, used the same 80017 filter chip as the Juno-106 for the bass section.

In 2015, Roland released the JU-06 sound module, a digital recreation of the Juno-106 using Roland's digital Analog Circuit Behaviour (ACB) technology. It is battery powered, has 4-voices and 23 parameters controlled from the front panel. It cost $299 at the time of the release.

in 2016, Behringer released the Deepmind-12, an analog synthesizer inspired by the Juno-106 which features 12 voices. It was priced at $999 at the time of release. In 2020, developer Momo Müller released an unofficial PC MIDI editor with the interface of June-106, called the Deepmind - Juno-106 Editor.

In 2019, Roland released the JU-06A, which is a digitally based synthesizer combining the JUNO-60 and JUNO-106. It has the continuous high-pass filter of the 106, the envelope-controllable pulse-width-modulation of the 60, and the filter of both switchable from the front panel. It cost $399 at the time of the release.

Roland released the Juno-X in 2022, a modern synth featuring digital emulations of the Juno-60 and Juno-106 as well as an additional Juno-X model that features a supersaw waveform, velocity sensitivity and an Alpha-Juno style pitch envelope control. The Juno X's control panel design directly references the controls of the Juno-106 while the sound engine follows on from the Jupiter-X and Jupiter-Xm modern digital synths.

Software emulations
In 2017, Roland released some software synthesizers in the cloud, including Cloud Juno-106. The cloud subscription cost $240/yr at the time.

In June 2020, Roland released Zenology plugins for Roland synths, which includes a Juno-106 emulator.

In 2020, Cherry Audio released the DCO-106 plugin, a juiced up version of the Juno-106 which was priced at $39 USD in 2020.

title: Roland Juno-106


text:
Epanorthosis

An epanorthosis is a figure of speech that signifies emphatic word replacement. "Thousands, no, millions!" is a stock example. Epanorthosis as immediate and emphatic self-correction often follows a Freudian slip (either accidental or deliberate).

Etymology
The word, attested 1570, is from Ancient Greek epanórthōsis (ἐπανόρθωσις) "correcting, revision" < epí + anorthóō (ἀνορθόω) "restore, rebuild" < ana-  "up" + orthóō  "straighten" < orthós  "straight, right" (hence to "straighten up").

Examples
Epanorthoses may be spoken or written. When spoken, tone, emphasis, tempo and additional words may be used to signify the correction. The additional words can be interjections or explicitly corrective terms:

 * "I've been doing this for six weeks!—er, DAYS, that is."
 * "Do you have Battle Chess—scratch that, do you have Battletoads?"

Epanorthoses may also be euphemistic, or dysphemistic, replacing a less acceptable term with a more acceptable one, or vice versa:
 * "Be nice to this fool^H^H^H^Hgentleman; he's visiting from corporate HQ."

Italics
In typeset literature, the use of italics is typical:

 * "Seems, madam! Nay, it is; I know not 'seems.'" (Hamlet, Act 1, Scene 2)
 * "The psychologist known as Sigmund Fraud—Freud, I mean!"
 * "Man has parted company with his trusty friend the horse and has sailed into the azure with the eagles, eagles being represented by the infernal combustion engine–er er, internal combustion engine. [loud laughter] Internal combustion engine! Engine!" – Winston Churchill, per Churchill By Himself

The words in italics are technically the epanorthoses, but all the words following the dash may be considered part of the epanorthosis as well.

Strikethrough text
Striking through words is another way of signifying epanorthosis. Computerised communication clients with rich text or markup parsers available may allow users to compose strikethrough text:

 * "We are feeling terrible fine."

Caret-control characters
An older, somewhat leet-like computer convention, using caret notation to denote control characters, is the use of ^H to suggest a backspace, or ^W to suggest deletion of the preceding word. The caret-notation characters may be repeated as necessary:

 * "undefinedWe always used Cundefined."
 * "Born to undefined rock undefined."

Sometimes repeated ^H's are used instead of ^W's, because the ^W-convention is less well known than the ^H.

Aviation phraseology
In Aviation English phraseology, the word "correction" must be explicitly used:

 * "Climb to reach Flight Level 290 at time 58 — correction at time 55".

title: Epanorthosis


text:
Junín, Buenos Aires

Junín is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and administrative seat of the partido of Junín. It has a population of 85,420 and is located 260 km west of the city of Buenos Aires. It is mostly known for being the hometown of former first lady of Argentina Eva Perón.

History
Inhabited by the native Charrúa folks, the stead's strategic location on the Salado River made it of interest to Spanish Viceroy Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo, who established an outpost there in the 1790s as part of a line of defense against raids by displaced natives. The location became known as El Potroso.

El Potroso was restrengthened by a fort by way of an 1826 decree by President Bernardino Rivadavia, and on December 27, 1827, the citadel was established under the command of a veteran of the Argentine War of Independence, Bernardino Escribano, as Fuerte de la Federación. The advent of Buenos Aires Province Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas led to Escribano's 1829 destitution as commander; though the intervention of an officer, Isidoro Suárez, forestalled a bloodbath. Suárez, a veteran of one of the last battles of the War for Independence (the Battle of Junín, in Perú), inadvertently gave the failing settlement its new name by his deeds: "Junín."

Political wrangling and ongoing Indian raids had all but torn Junín down by the 1830s, however, and this prompted Governor Rosas to send the remaining settlers provisions and to subsidize crop farming in the neighbouring, high-yielding pampas fields. This was followed by a pact with Ranquel Chief Santiago Yanquelén, whereby his folks would defend Junín against raids by other tribes. Towards the end of his rule, Rosas appointed José Seguí, among the few Afro Argentines to achieve a commissioned officer's rank, to administer Junín, in 1851. Seguí was an efficient, though repressive commander, and in 1863, he was killed at his nearby ranch.

Rosas' 1852 overthrow resulted in the appointment of a justice of the peace, who firstly shared governing duties with the military commander. Junín's first general store (Basterreix) opened in 1860, and in 1861, Junín elected its first city council (despite being officially only a fort). The province designated the area as a county in 1864, and with nearly 2,000 inhabitants, Junín stops to be categorized as a "fort," and its first municipal master plan was laid out in 1865. The 1880 arrival of the Central Argentine Railway and that of the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway (B.A.& P.) in 1884 led to the town's fast growth. The National Bank of Argentina had opened a branch there in 1892 and by the 1895 census, Junín was home to over 12,000. The town's largest employer by then was the B.A.& P.'s rail-equipment factory, with over 1,600 workers. The City Hall was completed in 1904, and Junín was named a "city" in 1906.

Junín's steady development over the following decades and setting amid lakes made it a well-known regional tourist destination. A hunting club was established in 1938, and a fishermen's pier and club on Lake El Carpincho, in 1942. The Aero Club Junín (1940) became well-known following the IX International Gliding Competition in 1963, and the nearby Borchex Municipal Park and Lake Gómez both have become popular weekend destinations since the 1960s; Lake Gómez attracted around 350,000 visitors during the 2006-07 summer season. Nearby Estancia La Oriental has attracted growing rural tourism to the area, as well.

The city is home to an important Municipal Historical Museum, maybe best known for its paleontology hall and its wooly mammoth fossils, and the Ángel María de Rosa Municipal Museum of Art (1944). In a bid to further diversify the city's economy, an industrial park was authorized north of the city in 1995, and a racetrack, the Autódromo Eusebio Marcilla, was opened in 2003. The closure of much of Argentina's passenger-rail service during the 1990s was partly offset in Junín by the buying of local rail facilities by América Latina Logística, a São Paulo-based rail transport provider operating largely in Argentina, as well as by establishment of the Junín Railworks Cooperative.

The city features numerous cinemas, as well as prominent stage theatres such as the Teatro de la Ranchería (1971). The city's first institution of higher learning, the Junín Regional University (CURJ), was established in 1990; fused with its nearby, Pergamino counterpart, it became the National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), in 2002. The public Dr. Abraham Piñeyro Emergency Hospital, opened in 1930, serves as the city's main health-care establishment; a new wing was added to the facility in 1997. Famous people from Junín include:

 * Argentine supermodel Yesica Toscanini (1986- )
 * Tour de France cyclist Juan Antonio Flecha (1977- )
 * football greats such as coach Osvaldo Zubeldía (1927-1982), forward Atilio García (1914-1973) and goalie Federico Vilar (1977- )
 * the "wild bull of the pampas", boxer Luis Ángel Firpo (1894-1960)
 * Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane (1867-1954), a militant suffragist and the second woman to receive a medical degree in Argentina
 * Eva Duarte (1919-1952), raised in Junín, moved to Buenos Aires in 1935 to pursue opportunities in radio. A decade later, she became the influential Eva Perón (Evita).
 * A UCR figure, Moisés Lebensohn (1907-1953), founded the city's leading news daily, Democracia, in 1931.

The city's mayor, elected in 2015, is Pablo Petrecca of Cambienos-PRO.

Climate
Junín has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). Winters are characterized with moderate temperatures during the day and cold nights. In the coldest month, July, the average high is 15.1 C while the average low is 4.2 C. Temperatures can sometimes fall below freezing during cold waves, although during heat waves such as the 2009 heat wave, temperatures can reach up to 35 C when a record high of 35.3 C was recorded on August 29, 2009. During this time of the year, overcast days are more common, averaging 9–11 days a month, although sunny days are common as well with 7-11 clear days per month from June to September. Spring and fall are transition seasons featuring warm daytime temperatures and cool nighttime temperatures and are highly shifting with some days reaching 37.6 C and below -9.2 C. Summers are hot in the day while nights are mild. They tend to be sunnier than the other seasons, averaging 8–11 clear days with less overcast days (only 6 per month). In the hottest month, January, the average high is 30.2 C while the average low is 16.2 C. The average relative humidity is 75%, with the summer months being drier than the winter months. The average first date of frost is on May 20 while the last date of frost is on September 11. This can vary from year to year with frosts that can extend into November or happen as early as April. Junín is moderately windy throughout the whole year with wind speeds ranging from a low of 8.6 km/h in April to 14.4 km/h in September. On average, Junín receives 993.4 mm of precipitation a year with 85 days with measureable precipitation with summer months being wetter than the winter months, where most of the precipitation falls in the form of thunderstorms. Junín gets approximately 2,569.3 hours of bright sunshine a year or 57% of possible sunshine a year, ranging from a low of 46% in June (only 138.0 hours of sunshine per month) to a high of 66% in both January and February. The highest recorded temperature was 41.8 C on December 29, 1971 while the lowest recorded temperature was -9.2 C on June 14, 1967.

Transportation
The city is served by Junín Airport, which has no commercial air service but has had so in the past.

Notable people

 * Juan Antonio Flecha, cyclist
 * Luis Angel Firpo, boxer
 * Eva Perón, Argentine First Lady
 * Gabriel Ponce de León, racing driver

title: Junín, Buenos Aires


text:
Endless Harmony Soundtrack

Endless Harmony Soundtrack is an anthology album of previously unheard material by The Beach Boys, originally released by Capitol Records in August 1998. Named for Bruce Johnston's song on the 1980 album Keepin' the Summer Alive, it was designed as a tie-in with the band's biographical documentary of the same name. The soundtrack was re-issued in March 2000 with some remixing and different artwork (European pressings retained the original mixes), while the original 1998 edition (with the orange/yellow cover) went out of print shortly thereafter.

This was the first Beach Boys chronology to be released after the death of Carl Wilson, who died of lung cancer 6 months earlier in February 1998.

Background
The Endless Harmony project was undertaken shortly after the death of founding member Carl Wilson, who died of lung cancer in February 1998. At this point, Brian Wilson decided that the band was officially finished and disassociated himself from any further group activity. At odds with Mike Love for continuing after Carl's passing, Al Jardine did the same. Both Love and Bruce Johnston (with their accompanying concert act) continued to perform live as The Beach Boys until all five surviving members reunited for their 50th anniversary in 2012.

The Endless Harmony Soundtrack itself is patterned like The Beatles' Anthology albums, with alternate versions and live renditions of songs, as well as previously unreleased ones. Spanning from a stereo remix of 1963's "Surfer Girl" to the completion of the unreleased 1969 recording "Loop de Loop (Flip Flop Flyin' in an Aeroplane)", the album also includes a brief snippet of both Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks routining three Smile songs in 1966.

Endless Harmony Soundtrack never charted in the U.S. or the UK. Although the album was not a commercial success, it did encourage Capitol Records to issue a more comprehensive archival package in Hawthorne, CA, released in May 2001.

Track listing
All tracks written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, unless otherwise noted.

 * 1) "Soulful Old Man Sunshine" (Writing session excerpt) (Brian Wilson, Rick Henn) – 0:42
 * 2) "Soulful Old Man Sunshine" (B. Wilson, Henn) – 3:25
 * 3) "Radio Concert Promo 1" – 0:15
 * 4) * The version on later pressings and the revised 2000 edition features a different promo from Dennis Wilson, which matches the one mentioned in the booklet.
 * 5) "Medley: Surfin' Safari/Fun, Fun, Fun/Shut Down/Little Deuce Coupe/Surfin' U.S.A." (Live) (B. Wilson, Mike Love, Roger Christian, Chuck Berry) – 3:33
 * 6) * Recorded on 22 October 1966 in Michigan
 * 7) "Surfer Girl" (Binaural mix) (B. Wilson) – 2:27
 * 8) * The version on the revised 2000 edition of the album is more of an a cappella mix
 * 9) "Help Me, Rhonda" (Alternate single version) – 2:50
 * 10) "Kiss Me, Baby" (Stereo remix) – 2:42
 * 11) * The version on the revised 2000 edition is a redone mix by Mark Linett, as opposed to Andrew Sandoval.
 * 12) "California Girls" (Stereo remix) – 2:44
 * 13) * The version on the 1998 edition, also redone by Mark Linett features slightly out-of-sync vocals. This specific "updated stereo mix" has since appeared on most Beach Boys compilations issued since 2001.
 * 14) "Good Vibrations" (Live) – 3:40
 * 15) * Recorded in rehearsal on 8 December 1968 in London, England
 * 16) "Heroes and Villains" (Demo) (B. Wilson, Van Dyke Parks) – 2:27
 * 17) *Recorded on 4 November 1966, this run through for Los Angeles DJ "Humble" Harve features, in addition to "Heroes and Villains", the fragments "I'm in Great Shape" and "Barnyard"
 * 18) "Heroes and Villains" (Live) (B. Wilson, Parks) – 3:40
 * 19) * Outtake from the 1973 live album The Beach Boys in Concert
 * 20) "God Only Knows" (Live) (B. Wilson, Tony Asher) – 2:45
 * 21) * Actually a live-in-the-studio recording in September 1967
 * 22) "Radio Concert Promo 2" – 0:15
 * 23) "Darlin'" (Live) – 2:26
 * 24) * Recorded on 21 June 1980 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire, England
 * 25) "Wonderful/Don't Worry Bill" (B. Wilson, Parks, Ricky Fataar, Blondie Chaplin, Steve Fataar, Brother Fataar) – 5:52
 * 26) * A medley of Smile's "Wonderful" and a song released by The Flame (also known as "The Flames") called "Don't Worry Bill" recorded on 23 November 1972 at Carnegie Hall in New York City, New York
 * 27) "Do It Again" (Early version) – 2:30
 * 28) "Break Away" (Demo) (B. Wilson, Reggie Dunbar) – 2:38
 * 29) * "Reggie Dunbar" is a pseudonym for Murry Wilson
 * 30) "Sail Plane Song" (B. Wilson, Carl Wilson) – 2:12
 * 31) "Loop de Loop (Flip Flop Flyin' in an Aeroplane)" (B. Wilson, C. Wilson, Al Jardine) – 2:56
 * 32) * Recording begun in March 1969, finished by Al Jardine in July 1998
 * 33) "Barbara" (Dennis Wilson) – 2:58
 * 34) "'Til I Die" (Alternate mix) (B. Wilson) – 4:52
 * 35) "Long Promised Road" (Live) (C. Wilson, Jack Rieley) – 4:17
 * 36) * Recorded on 23 November 1972 at Carnegie Hall in New York City
 * 37) "All Alone" (Carli Muñoz) – 3:36
 * 38) "Brian's Back" (Love) – 4:07
 * 39) * Written in response to Brian Wilson's 1976 return to the public eye''
 * 40) * This version was recorded by Mike Love for his unreleased (but bootlegged) solo album, “First Love.” A Beach Boys version was recorded in 1978 but is unreleased as of 2023.
 * 41) "Endless Harmony" (Bruce Johnston) – 3:10
 * 42) * The version on the revised 2000 edition features a hidden a cappella sample of "Kiss Me, Baby" after the song ends, extending the length to 3:29

title: Endless Harmony Soundtrack


text:
Feline infectious peritonitis

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and aberrant immune response in cats to infection with feline coronavirus (FCoV).

The virus and pathogenesis of FIP
FCoV is a virus of the gastrointestinal tract. Most infections are either asymptomatic or cause diarrhea, especially in kittens, as maternally derived antibody wanes at between 5 and 7 weeks of age. The virus is a mutation of feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). From the gut, the virus very briefly undergoes a systemic phase, before returning to the gut where it is shed in the feces.

The pathogenesis of FIP is complex. There is a general consensus that FIPVs arise from mutations enabling them to enter or replicate more successfully in monocytes (a type of white blood cell). However, many aspects of virus–host interactions affecting the disease remain uncertain, such as the factors that influence disease form (wet or dry), outcome (death or resistance), and host susceptibility.

Virus and disease transmission
There is a lack of evidence that FIP as such is transmissible from cat to cat, although it may explain rare mini-outbreaks of FIP. However, the virus, FCov, is transmissible from cat to cat.

A study on 59 FIP infected cats found that, unlike FCoV, feces from FIP infected cats were not infectious to laboratory cats via oronasal route. FCoV is common in places where large groups of cats are housed together indoors (such as breeding catteries, animal shelters, etc.). The virus is shed in feces, and cats become infected by ingesting or inhaling the virus, usually by sharing cat litter trays, or by the use of contaminated litter scoops or brushes transmitting infected microscopic cat litter particles to uninfected kittens and cats. FCoV can also be transmitted through different bodily fluids. The virus is easily spread through direct contact between cats. The most common form of spreading is through saliva, as most multiple cat homes share food and water dishes. Another major form of spreading is grooming or fighting. When an infected cat grooms a healthy cat, they leave their contaminated saliva on the fur. Later, when the healthy cat goes to groom themselves, they ingest the contaminated saliva and then become infected.

Clinical signs

There are two main forms of FIP: effusive (wet) and non-effusive (dry). While both types are fatal, the effusive form is more common (60–70% of all cases) and progresses more rapidly than the non-effusive form.

Effusive (wet) FIP
The hallmark clinical sign of effusive FIP is the accumulation of fluid within the abdomen or chest, which can cause breathing difficulties. Other symptoms include lack of appetite, fever, weight loss, jaundice, and diarrhea.

Non-effusive (dry) FIP
Dry FIP will also present with lack of appetite, fever, jaundice, diarrhea, and weight loss, but there will not be an accumulation of fluid. Typically a cat with dry FIP will show ocular or neurological signs. For example, the cat may develop difficulty in standing up or walking, becoming functionally paralyzed over time. Loss of vision is another possible outcome of the disease.

Diagnosing effusive FIP
Diagnosis of the effusive form of the disease has become more straightforward in recent years. Detection of viral RNA in a sample of the effusion (liquid drained from body), such as by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is diagnostic of effusive FIP. However, that does require that a sample be sent to an external veterinary laboratory. Within the veterinary hospital there are a number of tests which can rule out a diagnosis of effusive FIP within minutes:
 * 1) Measure the total protein in the effusion: if it is less than 35 g/L, FIP is extremely unlikely.
 * 2) Measure the albumin to globulin ratio in the effusion: if it is over 0.8, FIP is ruled out; if it is less than 0.4, FIP is a possible—but not certain—diagnosis.
 * 3) Examine the cells in the effusion: if they are predominantly lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), then FIP is excluded as a diagnosis.

Diagnosing non-effusive FIP
Non-effusive FIP is more difficult to diagnose than effusive FIP because the clinical signs tend to be more vague and varied: the list of differential diagnoses is therefore much longer. Non-effusive FIP diagnosis should be considered when the following criteria are met:
 * 1) History: the cat is young (under 2 years old) and purebred: over 70% of cases of FIP are in pedigree kittens.
 * 2) History: the cat experienced stress such as recent neutering or vaccination
 * 3) History: the cat had an opportunity to become infected with FCoV, such as originating in a breeding or rescue cattery, or the recent introduction of a purebred kitten or cat into the household.
 * 4) Clinical signs: the cat has become anorexic or is eating less than usual; has lost weight or failed to gain weight; has a fever of unknown origin; intra-ocular signs; jaundice.
 * 5) Biochemistry: hypergammaglobulinaemia; raised bilirubin without liver enzymes being raised.
 * 6) Hematology: lymphopenia; non-regenerative—usually mild—anaemia.
 * 7) Serology: the cat has a high antibody titre to FCoV: this parameter should be used with caution, because of the high prevalence of FCoV in breeding and rescue catteries.

Non-effusive FIP can be ruled out as a diagnosis if the cat is seronegative, provided the antibody test has excellent sensitivity. In a study which compared various commercially available in-house FCoV antibody tests, the FCoV Immunocomb (Biogal) was 100% sensitive; the Speed F-Corona rapid immunochromatographic (RIM) test (Virbac) was 92.4% sensitive and the FASTest feline infectious peritonitis (MegaCor Diagnostik) RIM test was 84.6% sensitive.

Treatment
Because FIP is an immune-mediated disease, treatment falls into two categories: direct action against the virus itself and modulation of the immune response.

Antiviral drugs
Antivirals (in the narrow sense) act by interfering with the enzymes or other biological processes in the FIP virus.

GS-441524 and remdesivir
An experimental drug called GS-441524 was used in a field experiment of 31 cats. After 25 days, five cats had died, eight had been cured and subsequently relapsed, and 18 had been cured without any subsequent relapses. The eight who relapsed were treated again, some with higher doses. Of these eight, one died and seven were cured, meaning that 25 of the 31 cats were ultimately cured of FIP. Although the drug is not yet (as of 2023) commercially available in the United States, this study is considered very promising and may lead to commercially available medication for the treatment of FIP.

In several countries oral GS-441524 tablets (and its injectable prodrug remdesivir) became legally available to vets for the treatment of FIP in cats, for example in Australia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (since August 2021). In naturally infected cats, a recovery rate of over 80% has been observed with GS-441524 treatment in several studies and in treatment programs in countries where the drug is legalised.

GC376
An experimental antiviral drug called GC376 was used in a field trial of 20 cats: seven cats went into remission, and 13 cats responded initially but relapsed and were euthanized. This drug is not yet (as of 2017) commercially available.

Molnupiravir
Facing a high-fatality FCoV-23 outbreak on the island nation of Cyprus, on 8 August 2023 the government released 80,000 anti-COVID molnupiravir pills from its national COVID-19 stockpile, in a bid to solve the feline coronavirus crisis in a more cost-effective manner.

Immunostimulants
Immunostimulants are drugs that make the immune system more active against the virus. The most common drugs of this class for treating FIP are either recombinant feline interferon omega (Virbagen Omega, Virbac) or human interferon alfa-2b. Since the human version ends up being targeted by the immune system for being a foreign antigen, the feline version feline interferon is more effective.

An experimental polyprenyl immunostimulant (PI) is manufactured by Sass and Sass and tested by Dr. Al Legendre, who described survival over 1 year in three cats diagnosed with FIP and treated with the medicine. In a subsequent field study of 60 cats with non-effusive FIP treated with PI, 52 cats (87%) died before 200 days, but eight cats survived over 200 days from the start of PI treatment for and four of those survived beyond 300 days.

Anti-inflammatory drugs
It is recommended to use an anti-inflammatory drug against FIP.

Immunosuppressive drugs dampen the immune system, helping to reduce inflammation. The go-to immunosuppressive drug in FIP is prednisolone, a corticosteroid. There are no placebo-controlled trials showing prednisolone to be better than other anti-inflammatories.

Vaccination
There is no effective vaccine against FIPV. DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding FIPV proteins failed to produce immunity. Rather, it was observed that antibodies to the FIPV spike protein exacerbate the disease.

Prevention
Kittens are protected from infection by maternally derived antibody until weaning, usually around 5–7 weeks of age; therefore, it is possible to prevent infection of kittens by removing them from sources of infection. However, FCoV is a very contagious virus and such prevention does require rigorous hygiene.

In film
A 2018 film titled Aeris, by Paul Castro Jr. and Aly Miller, and starring Frank Deal, Arabella Oz and Betsy Aidem, is about a kitten born with FIP that is purchased from a pet store and the owners' twelve days with it. The film received an award at the 2018 Garden State Film Festival in the Narrative Short category and was a Gold Kahuna winner at the 2018 Honolulu Film Awards.

title: Feline infectious peritonitis


text: User talk:24.167.99.122

title: User talk:24.167.99.122


text:
Epizeuxis

In rhetoric, epizeuxis, also known as palilogia, is the repetition of a word or phrase in immediate succession, typically within the same sentence, for vehemence or emphasis. A closely related rhetorical device is diacope, which involves word repetition that is broken up by a single intervening word, or a small number of intervening words.

As a rhetorical device, epizeuxis is utilized to create an emotional appeal, thereby inspiring and motivating the audience. However, epizeuxis can also be used for comic effect.

Examples

 * "Never give in — never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy."—Winston Churchill
 * "Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow/Creeps in this petty pace from day to day/To the last syllable of recorded time..."—William Shakespeare, Macbeth
 * "O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon"—John Milton, Samson Agonistes.
 * "Work, work, work, is the main thing"—Abraham Lincoln
 * "The horror, the horror"—Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness
 * "Scotch, scotch, scotch, scotchy, scotchy scotch."—Ron Burgundy, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy
 * "Well, Well, Well..." — John Lennon, Well Well Well
 * "Our top priority was, is and always will be education, education, education"—Tony Blair

title: Epizeuxis