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Tang Xianzu

Tang Xianzu (September 24, 1550 – July 29, 1616), courtesy name Yireng (義仍), was a Chinese playwright of the Ming Dynasty.

Biography
Tang was a native of Linchuan, Jiangxi and his career as an official consisted principally of low-level positions. He successfully participated in the provincial examinations (juren) at the age of 21 and at the imperial examinations (jinshi) at the age of 34. He held official positions in Nanjing, Zhejiang province, Guangdong province etc.

After serving as the magistrate of Suichang, Zhejiang from 1593 to 1598, he retired in 1598 and returned to his hometown where he focused on writing. Tang died in 1616, the same year as famed English playwright William Shakespeare.

His major plays are collectively called the Four Dreams, because of the decisive role dreams play in the plot of each one. All of them are still performed (in scenes, or in adapted full versions) on the Chinese Kun opera (kunqu) stage. Generally considered his masterpiece, the Mudan Ting (The Peony Pavilion) has been translated into English several times.

A translation of his complete dramatic works in English was published in China in 2014 and in London in 2018.

TANG Xianzu (1550-1616), courtesy name Yireng, artist name Ruoshi 若士, the Taoist Devotee of Qingyuan 清远道人. He was from the Linchuan district of Jiangxi province. TANG lived through the reign of three Late Ming emperors, an era marked by corruption and instability. He was born in the time of Jajing 嘉靖 (1522-1566) and spent most of his adulthood under the reign of Longqing 隆庆 (1567-1572) and Wanli 万历 (1573-1620). TANG was from a family of scholars, dating back to his great-grandparents. He passed the second-level civil service examination at the age of 21, yet took another 13 years to succeed at the third level. TANG's failure was mainly caused by his rejection to accompany the two sons of the charge grand secretariat ZHANG Juzheng 张居正 to their examinations, thus offending the powerful man. When ZHANG passed away, TANG was finally able to claim a place in the government. Yet ingratiating the superiors to gain political favor was against his principle. Without the support of influential figures like ZHANG Siwei 张四维 and SHEN Shixing 申时行, TANG was appointed Taischang scholar to oversee rites and sacrificial ceremonies in Nanjing, a position of little significance. Nonetheless, TANG was passionate about the state of affairs and got himself involved by writing to the court, exposing the dirty money trade within the system and items sent out for disaster-stricken civilians falling into private pockets. In his Memorabilia to the Throne, titled Commentary on the Leadership and Supportive Duties of the Bureaucratic Officialdom 《论辅臣科臣疏》, Tang concluded that the first decade of Emperor Wanli's rule was impeded by the dictatorship of ZHANG Juzheng, and the following decade by SHEN Shixing. The harsh criticism had quite an effect on the court, but not in the way TANG was intending. He was demoted to Guangdong Province to care for Xuwen County prisoners. Then in the twenty-first year under the reign of Wanli (1593), TANG received a promotion and served as the magistrate of Suichang County in Zhejiang Province for five years. TANG's impartiality and righteousness had won him great esteem from the people. Yet disheartened by the constraints and the inability to act, TANG lost interest in politics and retired to his hometown, devoting the remaining of his years to playwriting.

TANG grew up with the Chinese classics. His father was a stringent Confucian scholar, and his grandfather was a dedicated follower of the Taoist masters Laozi and Zhuangzi. These all had a notable influence on the formation of his character and could be traced from his works. As a teenager, TANG studied under LUO Rufang 罗汝芳, a representative of the Taizhou School. LUO's teaching was close to Zen, opposing CHENG and ZHU's idealization of Confucian philosophy. This experience contributed largely to TANG's worldview and value system. During his time in Nanjing, TANG became a close friend to Zen master Daguan monk 达观禅师. Soon after, he encountered LI Zhi's 李贽 philosophical criticism named A Book to Burn 《焚书》. TANG found that LI's arguments were in harmony with his perception. Through the writing, he became a great admirer of LI, and at a later time, the two were fortunate to meet in Linchuan. Daguan and LI Zhi were recognized as "the two cardinal figures" among the late Ming thinkers, the point of view they stood for had a lasting impact on TANG Xianzu. When looking back on TANG's life, two points stand out regarding his attitude toward human existence. In the beginning, not quite unlike many others, TANG believed that action would lead to positive changes and bring favorable political outcomes. Disheartened by reality, he turned to Buddhism and Taoist practices, accepting the illusive property of living. Yet this transition was not sufficient to help TANG to reconcile with his tumultuous feelings, which were reflected in Record of Handan, and Record of the Southern Bough. Along with his religious pursuit, TANG  nurtured the fire that LI Zhi lit inside of him and passed on the torch through his masterpiece The Peony Pavilion, calling attention to the basic human needs and legitimizing the concept of self long-dismissed by the CHENG and ZHU indoctrination.

Legacy
A few Ming and Qing playwrights followed Tang's writing style and called themselves the Yumintang or Linchuan school. Tang Xianzu has been known for their methodology when writing, maintaining a message disregarding logical semantics. He has been compared to both Shakespeare and Philip Sidney, who both maintained this same method.

Works

 * The Purple Flute
 * The Purple Hairpin
 * See The Purple Hairpin (1957) 紫釵記 (粵劇) by Tang Ti-sheng

 * The Peony Pavilion
 * Record of Handan
 * Record of Southern Bough

" 'The Four Dreams of Linchuan' was a literary record of the ideological transition TANG went through concerning the meaning of life and one man's relationship to society. The Purple Hairpin was "one droplet of (his) obsession". The Peony Pavilion was his vow of "living and dying for the obsession". Record of the Southern Bough was the initial realization of "being entangled by the obsession". Record of Handan was a nostalgic sigh of "a whole life wasted upon such obsession". The processional of the plays might be read as TANG's journey of disillusionment, paralleling the change from vehement advocacy of self-expression to doubts about the tangibility of lived reality. In summary, the greatest contribution of TANG was transforming theater from pleasure-seeking to philosophical preponderance, marking the maturation of Chinese drama as an art form. TANG's compositions were highly acclaimed soon as brought to the sight of the public. Yet most spectators attributed the success of the plays to their literary mastery. In the chapter"Casual Notes" from Prosody of Qu, WANG Jide commented that TANG's language was "graceful yet seductive that the words drill to the bone". In the prologue of Record of Handan, SHEN Jifei wrote that "the paintbrush of Linchua draws flowers in the dreams". The later playwrights like RUAN Dacheng, and WU Bing were all great admirers. As followers of TANG's style, the attempts were only capable of scratching the surface."

" The first of TANG's attempts at writing Chuanqi plays yielded an unfinished script titled The Purple Flute, in the first year under the reign of Emperor Wanli (1573). Fourteen years later, TANG complete the play and renamed it The Purple Hairpin. The other three plays The Peony Pavilion, Record of Handan, and Record of the Southern Bough were all composed when TANG was in retirement.  Dreams and dreaming played an important role in these four plays, and also because TANG's study was known as White Camellia Hall, the anthology of scripts became Four Dreams of the White Camellia Hall 《玉茗堂四梦》. The series was also introduced as the "Four Dreams of Linchuan 临川四梦", commemorating TANG's birthplace.

Inspiration for The Purple Flute came from The Story of HUO Xiaoyu 《霍小玉传》by a Tang novelist JIANG Fang 蒋防. TANG later changed the title to The Purple Hairpin. In the original, HUO Xiaoyu was wronged by LI Yi and died of a broken heart. In TANG's version, LI and HUO were husband and wife separated by the grand commander LU. When LI was selected as the top graduate, LU intended to have LI as his son-in-law. They reunited with the help of the Yellow-Robed Chevalier, a close friend of the emperor. Apart from the ending, the plot was untouched. Most of TANG's rewriting was done on the grouping of scenes and the use of language. HUO was depicted as a devoted wife and an unfaltering lover. The language was elegant and the lines were effective, affirming the pivotal potion of romantic love in TANG's plays. Yet the play was regarded as less successful among TANG's works as it lacked depth and was short of innovation.

Record of Handan was adapted from The Tale of the Pillow 《枕中记》, a short fiction composed by another Tang novelist SHEN Jiji 沈既济. The play was a social commentary, an indirect aspersion of the Ming politicians and elites through "a dream that was cooking along the yellow sorghum". TANG Xianzu used to be keen on the governing class of the Ming and actively engaged in the discussion about the grand secretaries that took office in the second half of the dynasty. Scholar LU who served as the prime minister for years and swam in the center of power was built based on the shared traits of these high officials. Lacking real talents, Scholar LU bribed his way to the top graduate. When he was working in Shanzhou, to dredge the sluggish river, LU asked his attendants to use salt and vinegar. Then LU took advantage of the exchange of letters and defeated the invading armies from Tibet. The unbelievable effectiveness of the unlikely means was a comic satire, ridiculing the incompetence of the current administration. By this point, Scholar LU had reached the highest point of his career. Out in the field, he was appointed as the general. Back to the court, he was given the position of the prime mister. His fame and wealth led LU to a decadent life. The emperor rewarded LU with a vast expanse of land, on which he built dozens of gardens, halls, terraces, and pavilions. His Majesty also sent LU twenty-four actresses from the Bureau of Celestial Music to delight him with songs and dances. While preaching abstinence to others, LU made the order of the court his excuse and said yes to all that came his way, eventually he died of exhaustion among the bed covers. The detailed depiction of LU's debauchery was sourced from the Ming high officials and their way of living. The most astounding of all was LU's fear that his many contributions might have been left out of the official record. Only after a complete list was produced, the scholar was finally able to draw in his last breath. When he woke up, only a brief period had passed and the yellow sorghum that the waiter put in the pot upon his arrival was still cooking. Evolving around the transience of life, Record of Handan was a disclosure of the delusive nature of fame and status, the two things many took as the ultimate purpose of life. The journey of Scholar LU also let out about the fatuity of the ruler, fawning officials stepping down one another to climb the ladder, and the ludicrousness of the day-to-day acts that each was carrying on. When LU began to make impressive progress, his jealous colleagues set him up. LU ended up being banished to Yazhou and not a single person would speak up for him. While at his low point, all LU received from the clerk of Yazhou was abuse and insult. When LU resumed his position, the offender immediately came to beg forgiveness. When bidding farewell, LU's friend XIAO Song put on a sincere face. Soon as LU turned his back, XIAO went to congratulate PEI Guangting, the man that was to take LU's place, hoping to gain favor with this new supervisor. The coldness of the bureaucracy came out from every page of the writing.

Record of the Southern Bough was based on the short fiction of Tang novelist LI Gongzuo 李公佐 named The Prefect of the Southern Bough 《南柯太守传》. The play was about a generation of ambitious young scholar awakening from the unaccommodating political environment, realizing the importance of love. The protagonist CHUNYU Fen got drunk and fell asleep. In his dream, CHUNYU entered the Grand State of Blooming Locust, fell in love, and married Princess Yaofang. At the same time, CHUNYU was appointed the prefect of the Southern Bough and made advances in his career, living a fulfilling and prestigious life. With help from the princess, CHUNYU became the prime minister. When everything was going his way, Princess Yaofang fell ill and passed away, under the persecution of his enemies that CHUNYU was removed from the court and sent back to his hometown. Hence CHUNYU woke up and discovered that the State of Huaian was a giant ant next under the locust tree in his front yard. Longing for his deceased wife, CHUNYU gave up eating. Eventually, he crossed the barrier of life and death, transcended the divide between humans and animals, and reunited with the soul of the princess. Though in the end, the play made a bow to Buddhist teaching and had the Zen master Qixuan break the tie between the lovers, affection was still regarded as the mightiest and most enduring of all CHUNYU deemed of value. Yet even love was ephemeral. The shortcoming of this play was its heavy religious connotation and scatteredness.

A shared characteristic of TANG Xianzu's plays was the depiction of corporeality through dreams. Dreaming is observed in humans from all parts of the world since antiquity. Dreams are a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind while sleeping. They are the reflection of a person's needs, their perception of reality. Dreams are glimpses into the deepest part of the mind and undulation from the softest part of the soul. In ancient times, the interpretation of dreams was a widely practiced method for fortune-telling. In modern times, the study of dreams and dreaming is combined with other scientific approaches to understand the human experience. The Purple Hairpin, The Peony Pavilion, Record of Handan, and Record of the Southern Bough were all woven by dreams. Through dreams, the playwright merged the recurring conflicts his generation was experiencing with the illusory there and then.

A second characteristic of TANG's compositions was the precedence of love above reasoning. TANG believed that "love was an innate quality",  "emotions were brought out by the circumstances, then new circumstances were created by the emotions", and "love was given birth along with life"  with a concrete existence and justifiable presence. TANG Xianzu theorized that aesthetic and metaphysical engagements such as poetry, music, and dance were all the outcome of human beings' search for spiritual fulfillment, in other words, the product of love. In a letter, he wrote that " …love is the purpose of being. Songs and poetry are the expressions of love, enlivened by the human spirit. The sounds we hear and the sounds we utter, the appearances we bear and the appearances we admire, the gigantic and the minuscule, the lively and the lifeless are no exceptions to the rule. Therefore it moves us, connects us, excites us to motions and dances." With theater, TANG found that "love causes us to dream, and dream wakes up the drama." Through the limited space of the stage and a small group of performers role-playing, " figures of the past thousands of years are brought back to life, dreams come true, curving our lips and drawing tears from our eyes without contriving an explanation", "enabling the proud and the prestige to be humble, calling the poor and the miserly to share, the blind to see, the deaf to hear, the dumb to sigh, the lame to bounce." "Dispersing hunger from the empty stomach, awakening the inebriated from drunkenness, keeping the sojourner from wandering, restoring the bedridden to be on their feet; allowing the snobbish to praise and the stubborn to embrace new ideas." TANG Xianzu concluded that the unfathomable potential of drama and the magic of the stage was due the operation of theater and how it "turned on the button of humane feelings" within the deliverers and the receivers, allowing all to freely live and own the delight, the rage, the sorrow, and the joy. Furthermore, TANG found that feudal ethics and purposed indoctrination was the greatest transgression to the instinctive attachment between man and his compatriots and human and nature. He argued against the claim of emotion and reasoning were two forces through the interaction of which to achieve homeostasis. Rather, they were irreconcilable opponents, and "the utter objective of each was to extinguish the other." "Were there any exceptions that when the logical mind had to push for one direction, the instinctive reaction was certain to lead to another?" The "love", "emotion", "feelings", or "instinctive reaction" referred to by TANG Xianzu were denoting the fundamental needs of human existence. The "reasoning" and "logic mind" were the process of justification for the rules and conventions designed to maintain the running of the cultural-political-economic units known as a society. These two conflicting powers were manifested in all civilizations. The battle grew most fierce when a set of regulations were corroded by corruption, and when the established social order was going through a transition. Liberation from the constraint of the prescriptions, and welcoming the call of human desire was what TANG Xianzu and the humanist philosophers stood for, and the motivation for their academic and creative endeavors.

Emotion was inseparable from sincerity and sincerity was the feature and proof of the value of feelings. Yet through the intervention of the mind, feelings got distorted, producing what was known as "faked love and false devotions". For this reason. TANG was particularly fond of LI Zhi's espousal of "Uncontaminated Childishness", a state of being that was capable of rectifying fraudulence and pretension. In "Response to Gan Yilu", TANG stated that "the man was neither good nor evil, the approach to emotions made him true or false." From TANG's plays, it was obvious to see he was against crooked sensual desires, excessive indulgence in delicacy and sex, as well as the accumulation of wealth, power, and status through devious means that extended far beyond the basic needs.

The third feature of TANG's works was their "strangeness". Compositions of Ming and Qing were named "marvel tales" for their eccentric content and convoluted plot. The "strangeness" of TANG Xianzu's plays was presented through his authentic and innovative characterization and the romantic ambiance that invited the audience to contribute through their imagination. In "A Prologue to The Manuscript of Qiu Maobo", TANG observed that "…the compelling writings were all full of life, and this liveliness was sponsored by the ingenuity of the playwright. Being in harmony with his quirks and oddities, the playwright acquired the liberty to exist as he might. With the freedom to be as he would, the writer developed the wings to fly—to dive below the waves and to rise above the sky; to step back to the past and to leap into the future; to stretch, to bend, to broaden, to shrink, to emerge, to vanish at their will. Being in command of his own will, obstacles disappear and the reality became pliable." TANG Xianzu felt that every master writer was a unique being with a perceptive heart empowered by imagination and creativity, enabling them to breathe life into their compositions.

When The Peony Pavilion was circulating widely, dissatisfied with the rhyming and arrangement of melodies, the leader of the Wujiang School SHEN Jing 沈璟 and his followers appropriated the play and made changes to suit their taste. The enraged playwright lodged a fervent protest, affirming that "the essence of a piece was the free flow of its charm and interest". The clever retort was in line with TANG's composition principle."

Works available in English

 * The Peony Pavilion (trans. Cyril Birch). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.
 * The Peony Pavilion (trans. Wang Rongpei). Changsha: Hunan People's Press, 2000.
 * A Dream Under the Southern Bough (trans. Zhang Guangqian). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2003. ISBN 7-119-03270-4.
 * The Handan Dream (trans. Wang Rongpei). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2003
 * The Complete Dramatic Works of Tang Xianzu (trans. Wang Rongpei & Zhang Ling) Bloomsbury: London, 2018. ISBN 9781912392025

Studies available in English

 * Peony Pavilion Onstage : Four Centuries in the Career of a Chinese Drama (Catherine Swatek). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for Chinese, 2003.
 * Tan, Tian Yuan and Paolo Santangelo. Passion, Romance, and Qing: The World of Emotions and States of Mind in Peony Pavilion. 3 Volumes. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

title: Tang Xianzu


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Alessandro Poerio

Alessandro Poerio (1802 – 3 November 1848), Italian poet and patriot, The son of Baron Giuseppe Poerio, and uncle of the Neapolitan author Vittorio Imbriani (1840-1886) and his brother the radical politician Matteo Renato Imbriani (1843-1901).

Life
Descended from an old Calabrian family, he was the son of Baron Giuseppe Poerio (1775-1843) who was born in the town of Belcastro, now in the province of Catanzaro in southern Italy. A noted lawyer of Naples who had attached himself to the cause of Joachim Murat. the Baron was obliged to flee in 1815, taking his sons Alessandro and Carlo with him. They settled for a time in Florence, but in 1818 were allowed to return to Naples. There, on the proclamation of the constitution in 1820, the Poerios were among the stoutest defenders of the newly won freedom.

Alessandro fought as a volunteer under General Guglielmo Pepe against the Austrians in 1821, but when the latter reoccupied Naples and the king abolished the constitution, the family was again exiled and settled at Graz.

Alessandro devoted himself to study in various German universities, and at Weimar he became friendly with the aged Goethe. In 1835, the Poerios again returned to Naples, and Alessandro, while practising law with his father, published a number of lyrics.

Last years and Death
In 1848, he accompanied Pepe, this time as a volunteer to fight the Austrians in northern Italy. When the Neapolitan contingent was recalled, Alessancho followed Pepe to Venice. There he displayed great bravery during the siege. Severely wounded in the fighting at Mestre, he had a leg amputated but died of his injuries within a few days. He is interred at the San Michele cemetery on the Isola di San Michele.

Poetry
As a poet, his work has been thought to reveal the idealism of a tender and delicate mind which was diligent in storing up sensations and images that for others would have been at most the transient impressions of a moment. But he could also sound the clarion note of patriotism, as in his stirring poem Il Risorgimento.

Legacy
There exist streets named after Alessandro Poerio in various Italian cities, including Novara, Milan and Venice. In Mestre, it is located adjacent to the spot where he was fatally wounded, and in Rome, where it forms part of the quarter which extends from the monuments erected on the heights of the Janiculum in commemoration of the Risorgimento to Monteverde Vecchio, it is one of numerous contiguous streets there which bear the name of patriotic figures of the era.

A ship of the Italian Navy named the Alessandro Poerio was built in Liguria, Italy, at the shipyards of the firm Gio. Ansaldo & C. and entered into service on 4 August 1914. Her sister ships were the Guglielmo Pepe and the  Cesare Rossarol,  initially classed as cruisers. The latter was sunk in 1918, but the other two were re-rated as destroyers in 1921. The Alessandro Poerio served Italy until 1938, when she passed to Spain and from then until decommissioning in 1949 went under the name of Huesca.

In the aftermath of the annexation of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies to the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860, a Societa letteraria Alessandro Poerio was founded in Catanzaro and published various books.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alessandro Poerio


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Steve Capps

Steve Capps is a pioneering American computer programmer and software engineer, who was one of the original designers of the Apple Macintosh computer and co-designers of the Finder in the 1980s. He also led development of the Apple Newton PDA and designed music software such as SoundEdit, before developing user interface (UI) designs for Microsoft's Internet Explorer and online/mobile payment systems.

Early life and education
While a computer science student at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Steve Capps started working at the Xerox Corporation and learned about graphical user interfaces (GUI). Capps graduated from RIT with a Bachelor of Science degree.

In 1979, Capps wrote and designed Dali Clock for the Xerox Alto, the first GUI personal computer workstation. Capps' inspiration was the morphing effect seen in Peter Foldes' 1974 short computer animated film La Faim (Hunger), with key-frame animation by software engineer Nestor Burtnyk and physicist Marceli Wein.

Apple Computer, Inc.
Capps joined Apple Computer, Inc. in 1981 after leaving the Xerox Corporation, and he worked with a small team of programmers and hardware engineers put together by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in Cupertino, California. Xerox had a research center in Palo Alto, California named Xerox PARC, where Jobs had seen an Alto computer prototype. Capps began working on the Apple Lisa project in 1981 on the printing team. Capps was then selected by Jobs to join the Apple Macintosh software team in January 1983, principally writing the Finder (along with Bruce Horn) and Macintosh system utilities such as ResEdit. Capps also wrote a disk utility to transfer data from the Lisa to the Mac. Capps updated his Dali Clock for the original Macintosh 128K in 1984.

The New York Times journalist and computer historian John Markoff said Capps gave Apple's Macintosh "its distinctive look and feel," and  represented the company's "most direct link to its early innovative tradition."

In 1984, Capps and Horn joined members of the original Macintosh team and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak for a Boston Computer Society Q&A panel after one of Jobs' earliest public demonstrations of the Mac - other team members present were Bill Atkinson, Owen Densmore, Andy Hertzfeld, Rony Sebok, Burrell Smith, and Randy Wigginton. Capps was named an Apple Fellow in 1994.

Alice: Through the Looking Glass (video game)
For both the Lisa and Mac, Capps created one of the earliest computer video games, Through the Looking Glass (aka Alice), in which users controlled an Alice character on a three dimensional chess board. The game was the only one to be self-published as a retail product by Apple, and it was shipped in 1984 with elaborate packaging for the floppy disk that included other Capps projects as bonuses, such as Clock (based on Dali Clock), the Amazing maze generator, and a font named Cartoon. Stewart Brand said in 1984, "I think the Mac is going to be a great game machine, and ALICE is the first proof."

Digital Audio Software
During a break from Apple from 1985 to 1987, Capps spent several years working in computer music and interface design. in 1986, he wrote three music programs including Jam Session, SoundEdit, and Super Studio Session; SoundEdit was eventually sold to Macromedia and discontinued in 2004.

Apple Newton
From 1987 to 1996, Capps led the development of the Newton handheld computer while at Apple. Handwriting recognition was a key part of the plan. Capps was the chief architect and Apple Fellow for the Apple Newton, where he led the specification and development of the user interface of Newton, shepherded the team of software developers, and wrote many portions of the built-in application software. Capps worked as head of user interface and software development on the Newton handheld device under the leadership of John Sculley, Apple's CEO at that time.

Although the Newton failed to catch on as a personal digital assistant (PDA) and was discontinued in 1997, it was the first computer designed to fit in people's pockets when it was shipped in August 1993 and it proved influential. Capps later said, "The goals were to design a new category of handheld device and to build a platform to support it. The restrictions imposed by battery life necessitated a new architecture."

Microsoft and Internet Explorer
Capps resigned from Apple in 1996 to pursue ideas related to the Internet. From 1996 until 2001, he was a user interface architect at Microsoft. His early work at Microsoft resulted in the Internet Explorer Search, History, and Favorites panes. He was also a co-founder of the MSN Explorer project.

Later work
After leaving Microsoft, Capps became an independent developer. He founded Onedoto, which developed user interfaces, software, and hardware. In 2009, Capps created the game AliceX for the iPhone based on his earlier game Through the Looking Glass (aka Alice).

As of 2010, Capps was working at Silicon Valley start-up Kwedit, focusing on online payment systems.

Capps then became Chief Innovator at financial technology company PayNearMe, where he developed and designed PayNearMe's user interface for scalable, easy-to-use mobile payments. In June 2023, Capps became the first PayNearMe Fellow.

Capps holds more than 65 patents that span hardware, software, music, and toys.

Personal life
Capps married lawyer Marie D'Amico. Their child Emma Capps was born in 1997.

title: Steve Capps


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User:ILFB/monobook.js

I LIKE FUCKING BABIES!

title: User:ILFB/monobook.js


text: User talk:84.173.245.71

title: User talk:84.173.245.71


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PCB NC formats

PCB NC drill files convey PCB drilling and routing information. The NC formats were originally designed by CNC drill and route machine vendors as proprietary input formats for their equipment, and are known under their company name: Excellon, Hitachi, Sieb & Meyer, Posalux, etc. These formats are similar as they are based on RS-274-C and related to G-code. In 1985 IPC published a generic standard NC format, IPC-NC-349. Later XNC was designed, a simple strict subset of IPC-NC-349, designed not for driving machines but for exchanging drill information between CAD and CAM. They are collectively referred to as (PCB) NC files.

The NC files are primarily used to drive CNC machines, and they are adequate for that task.

They are also used to exchange design information between CAD and CAM, for which they are not adequate: essential information such as plating and drill span is missing. Furthermore, the NC output in CAD systems is often poorly implemented, resulting in poor registration between drill holes and copper layers and other problems. To exchange data between CAD and CAM it is more preferred to use the Gerber format. The quality of the Gerber file output software is typically good, and Gerber supports attributes to transfer meta-information such as plating and span.

IPC-NC-349 format
The IPC-NC-349 format is the only IPC standard governing drill and routing formats. XNC is a strict subset of IPC-NC-349, Excellon a big superset. Many indefinite NC files pick some elements of the IPC standard.

A digital rights managed copy of the specification is available from the IPC website, for a fee. It is targeted at input for drill/rout machines, not CAD to CAM data exchange.

XNC format
The XNC format is strict subset of the IPC-NC-349 specification targeted at data exchange between CAD and CAM. The name XNC format stands for Exchange NC format. As a strict subset, it is highly compatible with existing software. Its purpose is to address the current chaos of different subsets and incomplete NC files, and define a simple common standard. The XNC subset was defined by a consortium formed by Graphicode, Ucamco, KiCad and Pentalogix.

The specification is freely available among others at the Ucamco download page. The specification is brief, detailed, easy to understand and unambiguous. It is targeted at CAD to CAM data exchange, not at input for drill/rout machines.

An example:

Excellon format
The name Excellon format is derived from the company Excellon Automation (not to be confused with Excellon Software), which was the market leader in PCB drilling and routing machines during the 1980s, and whose proprietary format became widely used.

There are actually two Excellon formats, the older Excellon 1 and Excellon 2. Excellon 2 is a superset of IPC-NC-349. Commands from both are sometimes confusingly mixed in the same file.

Excellon Automation stopped publishing the specification of its format, without statement on the IP and usage rights of the format. An archived copy exists. The specification is ambiguous, leading to different interpretations, especially in the area of coordinates and units. It is targeted at input for drill/rout machines, not CAD to CAM data exchange.

Indefinite NC files
CAD/CAM data exchange often uses NC files that do not conform to any specification. These files contain a few IPC-NC-349 commands, but follow neither the Excellon nor the IPC-NC-349 specification. Commands are not used properly, or are used in a syntactically incorrect way, and binary data objects may be included. Sometimes the historic EIA or EBCDIC character encoding is used. Usually the header is incomplete: the scale or the tool diameters is missing. Sometimes there is no header at all, and the file only contains tool numbers, with an unspecified diameter, and X,Y coordinates, in an unspecified unit. They are often called Excellon files although they are undefinite NC files. No specification exists.

An example:

The tool diameters and how to interpret the coordinates is not specified. This file is meaningless without additional information, typically put in a free format human readable tool file. This information must be re-entered manually by the CAD/CAM operator, with unnecessary manual labor and risk of delays or errors. Astonishingly, such enigmatic files are still used.

title: PCB NC formats


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Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/FeloniousMonk

I strongly oppose this. This is just User:Sam Spade's sour grapes. It really boggles the mind how Sam can protest his innocence all the time while simultaneously edit warring, antagonizing other users, and engaging in personal attacks. Exploding Boy 20:52, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Procedural note: Email is outside the scope of wikipedia dispute resolution, and should be ignored. (this is what FeloniousMonk alludes to in his response.) Kim Bruning 22:49, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Correction: Email has been deemed admissible by the arbcom as evidence. FeloniousMonk 16:05, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Please reference the relevant arbcom case. Kim Bruning 19:50, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Jimbo said e-mail evidence could be used, I believe. I'll try to find the comment. SlimVirgin (talk) 21:13, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * See bottom of the page. SlimVirgin (talk) 11:14, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * In addition to the comment of Jimbo mentioned by SV, there is precendent in past arbcom cases of email being admitted as evidence. Also, a current arbcom member, Sannse, has informed me by email that "email has been used as evidence in arbitrations." This fact was confirmed by a former arbcom member as well. FeloniousMonk 21:55, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Evidence, maybe, but I'm not sure what an off-wiki e-mail exchange has to do with it. I'll go talk with them arbcom folks some more myself. :-) Kim Bruning 22:10, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Two arbcom members have said email is admissible as evidence, where they said it is immaterial. I suggest starting with Sannse.
 * Here are cases where email has been accepted as evidence, establishing precedence. There's a number of others as well that I have not listed, but can if called on.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * FeloniousMonk 22:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * We use email evidence in exceptional circumstances as secondary evidence backing up other evidence from Wikipedia itself, or (for example) to provide the basis for us to make additional explanatory notes about the actions of people who are going to get banned anyway. Email in general is outside the scope of the Committee, however.
 * None of this is relevent to RfCs, however, as it, unlike the Committee, is a community process, and bound by the policies of Wikipedia. The Committee is an off-shoot of the supreme power that Jimbo wields, and operates under a different framework in certain cases, including email.
 * James F. (talk) 22:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This differs somewhat from Sannes' statements to me, but that's expected. I have not seen it stated in policy that email is not admissible as evidence in RFC. FeloniousMonk 23:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This also fails to address the distinction between email that is sent through the wikipedia site functionality; the "email this user" button, and email that is sent independent of wikipedia systems. Any email sent using wikipedia website functionality that constitutes a personal attack would seem to be an abuse of the system, compounding the charge. Also not noted is how this relates to when an editor admits publicly on wikipedia that he used the site's functionality make a personal attack without fear of being held responsible by the community, something Sam has done. Intentionally side-stepping policy to deliver a personal attack with impunity is a cynical misuse community standards and so should not be afforded the protection of the policies. To do so is to reward abusive editors for being creative in delivering personal attacks. Editors who hold the community's ideals in contempt by subverting its policies should not be rewarded. FeloniousMonk 23:41, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I should make it clear here, that none of what I said on this matter was as an arbitrator. I was, at the time, a mediator and gave my opinion on that basis. Without checking back through saved emails, I can't remember my exact words on the subject, this was some time ago -- sannse (talk) 18:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Background on Kim Bruning's role in the conflict
Kim Bruning's efforts at suppressing the evidence of Sam Spade's emailed personal attack makes it relevant and appropriate here to note his participation and role in this conflict. FeloniousMonk 23:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The day I received Sam's email in November 2004 I went to Kim Bruning for help. Kim refused to assist me in resolving the email incident amicably.
 * Kim Bruning has acted on Sam's behalf many times in this conflict as less than a neutral mediator, a point he's admitted.

*Popping up from cover, examining several holes in helmet*

If you don't want me to help you out here, you could just say so, no need to open fire, y'know! Kim Bruning 18:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * But if you don't want people to open fire, you shouldn't get involved in the fight. To cite only one example: when some time ago SS offered a transparently insincere apology to Felonious Monk, in which he carefully apologised only for what wasn't offensive or what he hadn't said, you posted to SS's Talk page telling him what a mensch he was, and how that would take the wind out of FM's sails (or words to that effect).  That was clearly and unequivocally to take sides, and there have been other less unequivocal occasions on which you've done the same.  It simply isn't credible for you to claim to be neutral, much less an honest broker, in any dispute concerning SS. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, um, I'm going to reply to that one over e-mail if you don't mind. Kim Bruning 23:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

The comment to which I referred above is here. It refers to the fake apology here. I think that my memory was pretty accurate on both counts. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Is this RFC valid?
Quoting WP:RFC
 * For disputes over user conduct, before requesting community comment, at least two people should have contacted the user on their talk page, or the talk pages involved in the dispute, and failed to resolve the problem. Any RfC not accompanied by diffs showing that two users tried and failed to resolve the same dispute will be deleted after 48 hours. The diffs should not simply show evidence of the dispute itself, but should show attempts to find a resolution or compromise. The two users certifying the dispute must be the same users who were involved in the attempt to resolve it.

This has been certified by one user. It seems to be a single dispute between that user and the person who's conduct is in question. No recent attempts at resolution have been attempted.--Tznkai 17:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * RFCs that fail to meet the two person threshold are removed by those who maintain the RFC pages as time permits. FeloniousMonk 17:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neither are valid. I removed them from the Rfc page, and they should be speedily deleted, SqueakBox 18:26, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Can the arbcom use e-mails as evidence?
Kim and FM were discussing this above. Here are diffs from Jimbo's talk page, where an editor asks whether private correspondence like e-mails ought to be used as evidence by the arbcom, and where Jimbo appears to answer yes.  SlimVirgin (talk) 11:14, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks SV. As Kim has told me many times before Jimbo's opinion is definitive at wikipedia. And his opinion on email being admissible as evidence is unambiguous and specifically cites as an example what Sam did of such a situation. I appreciate you actually taking the time to this look up. FeloniousMonk 18:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)


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Birchgrove, Cardiff

Birchgrove (Llwynfedw) is a district of the city of Cardiff stretching between Llanishen and the Gabalfa interchange, along the A469 Caerphilly road.

It centres on a crossroads dominated by the Birchgrove pub which also lies between Heath and Whitchurch. Heath Park and University Hospital of Wales adjoin. It differentiates from the ward of Heath in which it lies, by being a busy, hustle and bustle type of area,  with rows of small shops and eateries and for the most part being dominated by terraced housing.

The area is served by Birchgrove railway station on the Coryton Line, and by the Capital City Green bus service.

Notable people

 * Colin Jackson (1967-) Former hurdler and presenter, grew up on Cromwell Road in Birchgrove, attending Birchgrove Primary School.
 * Geraint Thomas, Winner of the Tour de France 2018. Grew up on Coronation Road in Birchgrove.

title: Birchgrove, Cardiff


text:
User:ManuBhardwaj

Website here:.

title: User:ManuBhardwaj


text:
Jonathan Rigby

Jonathan Rigby is an English actor and film historian who has written several books. Video Watchdog magazine described him as occupying "a proud place in the advance guard of film researchers, writers and critics," and in 2020 he was inducted into the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards Hall of Fame.

Biography
As an actor, Rigby trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama from 1986 to 1989. Among his earliest roles on graduating was that of Mr Rochester in an adaptation of Jane Eyre at the Brunton Theatre, Musselburgh in 1991. His stage play, Bram Stoker's Dracula, was produced at London's Pentameters Theatre in 1997, marking the original novel's centenary, and subsequently went on tour. He then made a speciality of playing Kenneth Horne in a series of stage shows based on the 1960s radio comedy Round the Horne, beginning with Round the Horne ... Revisited, which transferred to The Venue in Leicester Square and ran from 2003 to 2005. The production was adapted for BBC Four and also featured in the 2004 Royal Variety Performance. In 2008-09 he was in a regional tour of Round the Horne - Unseen and Uncut and the BBC Radio 4 special Twice Ken is Plenty, then in 2017 he appeared in a new stage show called Horne A'Plenty.

As a stage director, Rigby's revival of Sylvia Rayman's 1951 play Women of Twilight opened at London's White Bear Theatre in 2013 and transferred to Pleasance Islington the following year. He is also an Associate Research Fellow of the Cinema and Television History Research Centre at Leicester's De Montfort University, and has contributed audio and/or video commentaries to the DVD/Blu-ray releases of numerous horror films. In 2010 he was series consultant on the three-part BBC Four documentary A History of Horror, also making a brief appearance as Dracula in the opening episode. Two years later he was programme consultant on the feature-length follow-up, Horror Europa. Also on screen, he played psychic researcher Harry Price in the part-animated 2017 feature film Borley Rectory: The Most Haunted House in England.

title: Jonathan Rigby


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Roosevelt Bridge (Florida)

The Roosevelt Bridge is a major highway segmental bridge across the St. Lucie River in Stuart, Florida. Carrying U.S. Route 1 (Federal Highway; unsigned State Road 5), it was built to supersede the old Roosevelt Bridge, which had twin parallel drawbridges, one for northbound traffic (opened in 1934, 27.20278°N, -80.2599°W) and the other for southbound (opened in 1964, 27.20248°N, -80.25976°W). The new bridge, completed in 1996, is raised and much longer than the older twin drawbridges. The southbound span of the old bridge is still functional for road and boat traffic and now carries two-way road traffic for what is now known as Dixie Highway, County Road 707. The new high-level Roosevelt Bridge is approximately one mile long and is made of two three-lane sections running parallel to each other. The northbound bridge was completed first, and housed two lanes of both north and south-bound traffic until the second bridge was finished. Because of high traffic volume and visibility, the Roosevelt Bridge is a frequent location for many protests and political campaigning in the area.

Structural damage
On June 17, 2020, chunks of concrete fell off the bridge, causing a large crack along the underside of the southbound bridge, which put the bridge at suspected risk of an imminent collapse. The entire bridge in both directions closed later that day. Dixie Highway was also closed, since it passes under both spans near the crack. With detours needed, tolls were temporarily waived on Florida's Turnpike from Stuart to Port St. Lucie to help ease traffic congestion during this closure. After severe corrosion and ruptured steel tendons were found on the bridge, Mayor Mike Meier issued a local state of emergency for the city of Stuart "based upon hazardous conditions currently existing with the Roosevelt Bridge. The declaration provides for the performance of public works and taking necessary actions to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the community." After inspection, the northbound bridge reopened on June 20 carrying four lanes of car traffic (two in each direction) with a 5 ton restriction. Dixie Highway and the Old Roosevelt Bridge also reopened. The southbound bridge remained fully closed until November 5, 2020. Soon after, both spans returned to full three-lane traffic with no weight restrictions. During the closures, both spans received new topcoat sealant to prevent water from seeping into the concrete.

title: Roosevelt Bridge (Florida)


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Talk:List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders

Untitled
According to the information given in this article, either the formula is incorrect or the description is incorrect.

If the description is correct (which I suspect is true), then the formula should be TB = H + (2*2B) + (3*3B) + (4*HR).

Otherwise, if the formula is correct, the weighting would be:

1 for first base, 1 for second base, 2 for third base and 3 for fourth base.

Will someone with some time please correct this mistake.

 * Your mistake here is that H is not a single, it is any type of hit. A HR is worth four bases, but one of them has already been counted in the H so we only multiply by three.  Same logic for 2B and 3B. →Vik Reykja 22:47, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I corrected the weights to reflect the essence of the definition, rather than the coefficients. As mentioned previously, H = 1B + 2B + 3B + HR, therefore TB = 1B + (2*2B) + (3*3B) + (4*HR), or TB = 1B +  2B + 2B + 3B + (2*3B) + HR + (3*HR), or TB = 1B + 2B + 3B + HR + 2B + (2*3B) + (3*HR), or TB = H + 2B + (2*3B) + (3*HR). r. 07:49, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * While I see that this formula makes sense, the fact that I had to check the discussion page to see how is a testament to how unintuitive it is (or how dumb I am :D). Why not just use TB = 1B + (2*2B) + (3*3B) + (4*HR)? Singles are not as popular a stat as the rest (generally not displayed as a specific stat), but it does seem much more intuitive.  66.108.185.50 06:09, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Safe Hit?
What is a 'safe hit'? Please define or link it up.

 * Safe hit here is synonymous with "hit", as evinced by the stats used in the formula. If it meant anything different than "hit", the formula would reflect that. Subsequently, I am linking the article on that statistic, describing how sacrifices, walks, errors and so on are accounted for.

Differentiate from "total number of bases reached"
The definition here clearly states that Total Bases only includes bases reached from safe hits. The distinction should be made though that this stat does not include any of the other ways in which a batter can reach base safely, since the name is a bit of a misnomer. Some people might assume (as I did) that Total Bases indicates the number of bases a player has safely reached.

Is there even a recognized stat for this? It seems like there should be, but I don't know what it is. "Times on Base" at least includes some of the other ways a player can reach base, but it's a misnomer too because it also doesn't include every way a batter can reach base. It also does not count extra bases. I guess I'm asking whether there is a stat for: (Total Bases) + (Base on Balls) + (Hit by Pitch) + (Reached by error) + (Fielder's choice) + (stolen bases). Am I missing anything? Thanks

Doesn't OBP(On Base Percetage) cover this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.128.27.101 (talk) 13:19, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Major League Baseball which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:54, 7 May 2024 (UTC)


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User:Loffer

Just getting started here! I like the idea of Wikipedia. Please give me advice or tips. I welcome feedback.

I live in the American state of Hawaii. My family has lived in Hilo for 6 generations now. I love Hawaii and the USA!

I also like soccer, football, and progressive politics.

title: User:Loffer


text:
Burriana, Castellón

Burriana or Borriana  is a municipality in eastern Spain, in the province of Castellón, part of the Valencian Community. Its population exceeds 34,000.

The town is located by the Mediterranean Sea, at the lowest region of the Plana Baixa, surrounded by orange tree fields watered by the Millars River.

It has about 15 km of coastline, including Burriana's principal beach "El Arenal", one of the most attractive spots, especially during the summer. "El Arenal" has about 2 km of seashore, has been awarded the blue flag, which recognizes its magnificent sand and water thanks to the treatments carried out by the city council.

The seaside is 1.5 km from the center of the town. During the summer, the seaside population can triple due to vacationers and from locals from the center of the town moving into the seaside. The town is reachable from Castelló de la Plana through the CV-18 or the N-340 routes.

In literature, Burriana is briefly described by James A. Michener in the book, Iberia. As a young man, Michener landed there as a part of a ship crew. The merchant vessel was there to collect oranges for the Scottish marmalade industry. Oranges, after being loaded into metal barrels, were dragged out to sea by bulls.

The town displays many memorial spots dedicated to James A. Michener, such as a street and a sign that quotes one of his passages, where he expresses his first sight of Borriana as he approached land from the sea.

The town was once home to a Jewish community, which settled in Burriana after the Christian reconquest of the area in 1233. During the expulsion of the Jews in 1492, Jews left to the nearby port of Valencia.

Villages

 * Burriana town proper
 * Les Alqueries de Santa Bàrbara
 * El Port de Borriana (Burriana harbor)
 * El Grau de Borriana
 * La Serratella
 * Les Alqueries del Ferrer
 * Poblats marítims
 * Virrangues (uninhabited)

Main sights

 * Church of El Salvador (13th century), with an apse in early Gothic style, and Romanesque elements as well. The bell tower is from the 15th century.
 * Sea Tower (16th century)
 * Modernist House
 * Underwater Archaeology Center
 * Clot de la Mare de Déu natural park
 * Orange Museum
 * Municipal Archaeology Museum

Notable people

 * Juan Bautista Soler Martí (1879–1936); businessman, alcalde of Burriana (1930–1931), co-responsible for rapid upgrade of the port infrastructure
 * Jaime Chicharro Sánchez-Guió (1889–1934); politician and entrepreneur, heavily contributed to development of the Burriana harbor
 * Juan Granell Pascual (1902–1962); politician and official, during early Francoism promoted and secured new investments in railways, roads, streets, port, education, sewage and other municipal infrastructure
 * Enric Monsonís Domingo (1931–2011); liberal politician, served as the head of the Pre-autonomous Council of the Valencian Country from 1979 to 1982.
 * Vicente Enrique y Tarancón (1907–1994); Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, served as Archbishop of Madrid from 1971 to 1983.
 * Mercedes Sanchordi (1969–2018); town councillor and member of the Corts Valencianes

Twin towns

 * 🇪🇸 Vila-real, Spain

title: Burriana, Castellón


text:
Talk:1957 Irish general election

Independents
It is misleading to state that there were 9 independent TDs. Officially there were of course, but four of these were members of Sinn Féin. As SF refused to register as a party at Leinster House, the party name was not included on the ballot paper. The Election Ireland website designates these TDs as Sinn Fein TDs and the same should be done here. --Damac 20:55, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1957 Irish general election


text:
P.H.U.Q.

P.H.U.Q. is the second full length album by British Rock band The Wildhearts, which was released on 22 May 1995 on East West Records and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 6.

Original guitarist/singer C.J. was only present for some of the early recording sessions for this album and was later fired by group leader Ginger. Subsequently, some of the album's songs were recorded with only one guitar.

It was the band's original vision to follow up Earth vs the Wildhearts with a double album, to include longer, more intricate songs such as "Inglorious" and "Do the Channel Bop." However, lack of support from their record label, EastWest, meant that six songs written by that point were instead released as a fan club-only mini-album, Fishing for Luckies, prior to the release of P.H.U.Q.

Ginger has said the title of the album is pronounced "fuck" in the Ask Ginger section of the band's official website.

In 2015, The Wildhearts toured the UK and Tokyo, playing the album in its entirety for its 20th anniversary. These shows were recorded and released the following year as a live album entitled Never Outdrunk, Never Outsung - PHUQ Live.

Track listing
All songs written by Ginger.

 * Tracks 1-3 taken from "I Wanna Go Where the People Go".
 * Tracks 4-6 taken from "Just in Lust".
 * Tracks 7-10 taken from "Sick of Drugs".
 * Tracks 11-14 taken from "Red Light - Green Light".

2022 Re-release
In 2022, it was announced that a remastered version of the album would be released on Round Records, restoring the tracks from the original Fishing for Luckies release, to form a double album with the originally intended tracklist.

Release information

 * UK Chart: No. 6

Personnel

 * Ginger - vocals, guitar
 * Danny McCormack - bass, vocals
 * Ritch Battersby - drums, vocals
 * C.J. - guitar, vocals (on some tracks)
 * Willie Dowling - keyboards

title: P.H.U.Q.


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/H5N1

H5N1

 * Nominated on 20:55, 24 July 2005 (UTC); needs 5 votes by July 31.

Experts are saying this virus is heading for pandemic and may wipe out a significant chunk of humanity, much worse than the Spanish flu since China made it immune to a modern medication. Several great stories have been run on the subject in Nature, Foreign Affairs and the Nation magazine, not to mention hundreds of resources found using H5N1 in the Google news search. All accessible over the Internet, what we need now is a few good Wikipedians to translate it into the Wiki database. The subject is of the highest importance and we only have a stub! If it all possible I suggest this be given precedence and bumped up to next week’s collaboration and stay there until it is sufficiently expanded. When this virus hits pandemic, in all probability soon, Wikipedia will be embarrassed if only a stub remains.

Support:
 * 1) Dododo 20:55, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Alex.tan 23:28, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Has been heavily expanded in the last 24 hours. Hardly eligible now. Circeus 13:54, July 25, 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Touretzky

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --MarkSweep 20:55, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Scientific director?
"David S. Touretzky is scientific director of the Computer Science Department and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the Carnegie Mellon University." - Gopublic Transmedia --AI 02:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Excuse me for posting that quote with stating why. Since you apparently claim to be David Touretzky, what can you say about this quote that states that you are the scientific director? --AI 01:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for improving the reference to the DeCSS case in the David S. Touretzky article. BTW, as I'm sure you are aware, if you want people to be sure you are David Touretzky, you just need to add a link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Touretzky to http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/addresses.html saying something like: "this is my Wikipedia account". ;-) JesseW 01:43, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion about linking from my address page. But I don't think anyone seriously questions my identity. -- Touretzky 04:04, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia policies and guidelines are set up so any tight connection between usernames and real people should not be necessary, so unless you are making edits that would only be acceptable if the real David Touretzky made them, it shouldn't be necessary. The only thing like that that comes to mind are if you wanted to add a picture or essay from your site to Wikipedia; someone would probably ask for such a link back as proof that the material was added legally.  Otherwise, no worries. ;-) JesseW 05:41, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That reminds me, we could use a picture for the DST article. It would have to be licensed under the GFDL though, which means anyone (and that means anyone) can use it for any purpose with minimial restrictions. --MarkSweep 05:50, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * There's a better picture of me on my home page, but I don't wish to license it under the GFDL. I wouldn't object to an unlicensed "fair use" by Wikipedia, though. -- Touretzky 17:30, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, much better. I've uploaded that instead and used it in the article. We'll sort out the "fair use" claim on the article talk page. --MarkSweep 18:20, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, as you may have already seen for yourself, not everyone is acting reasonably all of the time, and online identity is a tricky concept in and of itself. Ultimately it doesn't matter who's behind each account, as long as they contribute in a constructive and civil manner. Thanks for your corrections, they are a welcome departure from the usual editing practices on this article. --MarkSweep 05:47, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Photo
Please upload a photo to Wikipedia. For now I have used the photo from RFW. --AI 08:43, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you would be up for it, I could swing by your office to take a GFDL-licensed photo sometime (I work in Baker Hall). Let me know if you'd be game. Take care. --Improv 19:09, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Autobiography
The participation of editors in articles of which they are the subjects is strongly discouraged at Wikipedia. The general feeling of the community is that autobiographical editing, derisively known as "vanity", is difficult to do properly. "Properly", in this context, means that the edits are based on verifiable sources, and conform to a neutral point of view. It is not impossible for a person to write an NPOV article about themselves that relies solely on external sources, and I am not accusing you of any improper edits (in truth, I haven't read over all of your contributions). However, my unsolicited advice to you is to avoid editing David S. Touretzky. If there are important errors or omissions, please let us know on the article talk page or by contacting other editors directly. There must be hundreds of topics other than yourself in which you are expert, and I urge you to contribute to (or create) articles on them instead. Wikipedia is a wonderful project and we need good editors to participate in order to make it a success. It'd be great if you were one. Thanks for contributing. -Willmcw 09:00, September 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * In this case, your contributions have been very helpful. What is strongly discouraged are those very common situations where people create vanity articles about themselves with not even an attempt at modesty. This is not one of those situations: the DST article was created by someone else and has seen edits that got important facts wrong, for whatever reasons. Thanks for setting us straight. Cheers, --MarkSweep✍ 09:11, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks to both of you for keeping the article factually correct and NPOV. I would be perfectly happy to go through life without a Wikipedia biography, but acknowledging that this is not my decision to make, I sincerely appreciate your efforts. --Touretzky 14:45, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Birthday year
1952? I subjected 18 from the year you got your B.A.  Of source, I should have tried 22. Closer to the truth, I would expect. -- Pinktulip 00:53, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * You criticism is fair enough, but I imagine that I am not far off. My main goal was to add the "Living people" category onto the article, which, I hope, you do not also consider to be a wild guess. -- Pinktulip 04:02, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Redaction
I redacted violation of WP:BLP at Schwarz - do not insert unsourced derogatory remarks. Even in talk. See WP:BLP. --Justanother 16:45, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Photo
Thanks for your recent message. The photograph was removed because it was an unfree image (i.e not released under a free licence) which was used to illustrate a subject where it would be perfectly feasible for a freely licensed image to be found or created.

Back in 2005 I note that you said:

"There's a better picture of me on my home page, but I don't wish to license it under the GFDL. I wouldn't object to an unlicensed "fair use" by Wikipedia, though."

I'm afraid this isn't satisfactory. For the article to have an image it will have to be released under a free licence by it's creator. Adambro (talk) 12:01, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Scientology arbitration
This is to notify you that you have been added as a involved party to the Scientology arbitration case; this is either because you have been mentioned in the /Evidence, the /Workshop or their talk pages, or because you are closely connected with it.

On behalf of the Arbitration Committee, KnightLago (talk) 14:08, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Scientology
This arbitration case has been closed and the final decision is available at the link above. The following editors are subjected to bans/topic-bans/restrictions as listed below :

 * Banned : (Community Ban),
 * Topic-banned :, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
 * To contact the Committee : Arnielerma*, Karin Spaink*, StephenAKent*, Timbowles*, Tory Christman*, Hkhenson*,
 * Other restrictions :
 * gave up his status as an administrator in the face of controversy concerning his administrator actions during an arbitration case, he may not be automatically re-granted adminship. However, he is free to seek readminship, should he choose to do so, at any time by a request for adminship at Requests for adminship.
 * is to abide to a binding voluntary restriction that within the Scientology topic (i) he limits his edits to directly improving articles to meet GA and FA criteria, using reliable sources; (ii) he makes no edits of whatever nature to biographies of living people; and (iii) he refrains from sysop action of whatever nature.
 * is topic-banned from articles about Rick Ross, broadly defined.

 * #Editors marked in * have since contacted the Committee.

Any editor who is subject to remedies in this proceeding, or who wishes to edit from an open proxy, is restricted to a single current or future account to edit Scientology-related topics and may not contribute to the topic as anonymous IP editors. Editors topic banned by remedies in this proceeding are prohibited (i) from editing articles related to Scientology or Scientologists, broadly defined, as well as the respective article talk pages and (ii) from participating in any Wikipedia process relating to those articles. Editors topic banned above may apply to have the topic ban lifted after demonstrating their commitment to the goals of Wikipedia and their ability to work constructively with other editors. Applications will be considered no earlier than six months after the close of this case, and additional reviews will be done no more frequently than every six months thereafter.

Any uninvolved administrator may, on his or her own discretion, ban any editor from editing within the Scientology topic. Prior to topic banning the editor, the administrator will leave a message on the editor's talk page, linking to this paragraph, warning the editor that a topic ban is contemplated and outlining the behaviours for which it is contemplated. If the editor fails to heed the warning, the editor may be topic banned, initially, for three months, then with additional topic bans increasing in duration to a maximum of one year. Any editor who, in the judgment of an uninvolved administrator, is (i) focused primarily on Scientology or Scientologists and (ii) clearly engaged in promoting an identifiable agenda may be topic-banned for up to one year.

All IP addresses owned or operated by the Church of Scientology and its associates, broadly interpreted, are to be blocked as if they were open proxies. Any current or future editor who, after this decision is announced, makes substantial edits to any Scientology-related articles or discussions on any page is directed to edit on these from only a single user account, which shall be the user's sole or main account, unless the user has previously sought and obtained permission from the Arbitration Committee to operate a legitimate second account. They shall edit in accordance to Wikipedia policies and refrain from advocacy, to disclose on the relevant talk pages any circumstances (but not including personal identifying information) that constitute or may reasonably be perceived as constituting a conflict of interest with respect to that page, and not through a proxy configuration.

- For the Arbitration Committee, Mailer Diablo 01:37, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Re : protest of topic ban
I'm just a clerk which is handling the grunt work for the case, and have no power to review your topic-ban. It would better for you to request a clarification from ArbCom, in which another editor has already done so. - Best regards, Mailer Diablo 16:49, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

Actually...
I haven't taken any formal action to appeal my ban yet. I've pointed out why the band is absurd, yes, but since the ArbCom has announced that "appeals" will not be considered before six months have passed from the initial arbitration, and must be in the form "here's why I am no longer a terrible editor that must be topic-banned as a first resort" instead of "here's why your decision to topic-ban me as a first resort was an incorrect decision," I'm not sure that "an appeal" is the procedure to go through. -- Antaeus Feldspar (talk) 14:35, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Clarification archived
Hello,. A recent request for a arbitration case, "Scientology (1)", has been archived at Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Scientology. You are receiving this notification because you were involved in the request. Should you still have questions, or a wish to modify the results of the case, please file a new request for clarification or amendment at WP:RFAR, ask a Clerk for more information, or contact the Committee. For the Arbitration Committee, Hers fold  (t/a/c) 16:11, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Requests for clarification don't generally lead to further action by the Committee - they're simply intended to help clarify why something was done or what exactly was meant by a given remedy. In your case, the main issue seems to have been why you were topic banned when you weren't active in the area for a while. The request was archived because no recent action had taken place on the request; the Arbitrators had responded to the request, and seeing no apparent further comments, it was placed onto the appropriate talk page for later reference. In summary, the view of the Arbitrators was that due to the intensely polarizing nature of the Scientology topic area, there were a wide number of editors in both pro- and anti-Scientology factions that were or had caused disruption to the area in the past. ArbCom was asked to handle this "battlefield" issue, and their solution was to restrict those editors who had or were presently contributing to the problem the topic area had become. As a result, many editors were topic banned, some of whom like yourself were not necessarily active at the time. This was done out of the interest of equality to all involved and is not intended to be punitive - rather, it is intended to allow the area to settle by removing the most aggressive editors and allowing others to enter the field, while giving those who are affected by the topic ban a chance to step back, see how things develop, and refamiliarize themselves with policies and guidelines. Your topic ban is remaining because it would be unfair to remove yours when many others would be remaining in place, and you stated yourself that you had not been active in the area, or in fact Wikipedia in general, for quite some time, thus rendering the issue somewhat moot. Again, more detailed responses can be read at the archived discussion.
 * If you feel as though your concerns were not adequately addressed, you are welcome to contact the Committee; I don't believe a politely worded question would be viewed as harassment, however the Committee did receive several similar requests to remove a topic ban from an inactive editor, all of which were denied for the same reasons yours was. Before contacting them, I would recommend you consider if it's really necessary to pursue this further; by your own admission, the topic ban will not adversely affect your editing, and it is not intended as a form of punishment. Continuing to ask about it when it's not going to affect you either way may be seen as trying to beat a dead horse. Should you wish to inquire further, however, I would recommend sending the ArbCom an email, with carefully reasoned explanations of why the topic ban is no longer necessary. It may also help to wait some time, at least a month or preferably two.
 * Sorry for the very long response, and for the delay in getting back to you (I've been out of the country), but I do hope this answers your questions. If not, however, feel free to let me know. I should respond rather sooner this time. Hers fold  (t/a/c) 00:42, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Touretzky


text:
Anundsjö IF

Anundsjö IF is a Swedish football club located in Bredbyn outside Örnsköldsvik. The club, formed in 1921, is currently playing in the fourth highest Swedish league, Division 2. The club is affiliated to the Ångermanlands Fotbollförbund.

Attendances
In recent seasons Anundsjö IF have had the following average attendances:

authors: ПанчинУльяновск

title: Anundsjö IF


text:
User talk:Musicus~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Ragib 20:56, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
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Developing country
Please do not add cleanup notices without significant reason. The terms developing/developed country are used wery widely and Wikipedia is place to gather existing body of knowledge, not tool to research and discover new theories.

Also when you add comment on talk page please: Pavel Vozenilek 00:29, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) put it on bottom of page
 * 2) sign it with ~

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Musicus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Musicus~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:41, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Musicus~enwiki


text:
Chicago Golf Club

Chicago Golf Club is a private golf club in the central United States, located in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago. The oldest 18-hole course in North America, it was one of the five founding clubs of the United States Golf Association (USGA) in 1894. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

The club has hosted several prominent events, including multiple U.S. Opens and Walker Cups, and was founded by renowned course designer and World Golf Hall of Fame member Charles B. Macdonald. In July 2018, the club hosted the inaugural U.S. Senior Women's Open, created as the 14th USGA national championship.

History
Known as the Father of Golf in Chicago, designer Macdonald went to college in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where he learned to play the game. He brought back a set of clubs, and in early 1888, on the Lake Forest estate of a friend, C.B. Farwell, and his son-in-law, Hobart Chatfield-Taylor, laid out seven informal golf holes on an interesting piece of lakefront property known as "Bluff's Edge". His group of friends were fascinated by the new game and demanded a course be built on a dedicated site. In late spring of 1892, Macdonald passed around a hat with his friends, who contributed $10 each for a total of two or three hundred dollars. Macdonald spent that money in laying out a nine-hole course, about 23 mi west of Chicago's Union Station, on the stock farm of A. Haddow Smith at Belmont, located one block north of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad line. This was to become the first golf course built west of the Alleghenies, and second to Shinnecock Hills in Long Island, New York, which opened 12 holes in 1891.

With contacts in Scotland, Macdonald next cabled the Royal Liverpool Golf Club and ordered six sets of clubs. As soon as they arrived, his newfound associates were soon bitten by the golf bug.

The first American woman to win an Olympic event, Margaret Abbott, was a member at the Chicago Golf Club in the 1890s.

In the spring of 1893, Macdonald wrote in his c. 1925 book Scotland's Gift – Golf, that he increased the number of holes at Belmont to 18, creating the first 18-hole golf course in North America. On July 18, 1893, the charter was granted for the Chicago Golf Club.

The club became so popular that, in 1894, the members bought a piece of property to build an improved 18-hole course. They purchased a 200 acre parcel of the Patrick farm in Wheaton, for a complete sum totaling $28,000, which became "a first class 18-hole course of 6,500 yards." The site was chosen because of its vast rolling hills covered with native grasses, which reminded Macdonald of Scotland.

Macdonald designed the links-style layout himself; since he was a chronic slicer, he routed the holes so that both nines would play in a clockwise fashion so that he would stay out of trouble. Once the private land adjacent to the course became developed, a new rule was needed for errant golf balls leaving the premises. The United States Golf Association Rule of Golf for "Out Of Bounds" (27-1) had its origin at Chicago Golf Club.

Ossian Cole Simonds was commissioned to design the landscape architecture for the course at the Wheaton property in 1894. O.C. Simonds went on to do the landscape architecture for many famous Chicago properties including Lincoln Park, the Morton Arboretum and other golf courses including the Glen View Golf Club in 1897.

The Chicago clubhouse was designed by renowned Chicago architect Jarvis Hunt.

Around 1902, the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad constructed an electrified third-rail railroad between the far western terminus of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad at 52nd Avenue (now Laramie Avenue) in Chicago, and the Fox River towns of Aurora and Elgin. The branch line splitting to Aurora from downtown Wheaton traveled just past the main entrance to Chicago Golf Club, where was built a splendid brick station. A large majority of the club members commuted from downtown Chicago, and on weekends and special occasions a luxuriously appointed wood-paneled club car with a well-stocked bar and linen tablecloth dinner service was employed to ferry golfers out to the Chicago Golf Club. At the club's station was a siding, where the club car was parked until it was needed for the evening return trip.

Macdonald also brought the Foulis brothers to Chicago from St Andrews, Scotland, to help grow the new game. The Foulis' father, James Foulis Sr., worked as a foreman in the clubmaking shop of the legendary Old Tom Morris—which was located across the street from the Old Course at St Andrews. Macdonald invited Robert Foulis to be the first club professional at Chicago Golf, but, as he was already under contract at a separate club, he passed the offer to his brother, James Foulis, who became the golf professional at Chicago Golf in 1895; he had worked for both Old Tom Morris and clubmaker Robert Forgan.

In 1905, Jim was succeeded by his brother David Foulis, who stayed at the Wheaton course until 1916. In addition to their skills as golf professionals, clubmakers and players, they were responsible for many innovations to the game of golf. They were first to apply the bramble (reverse-dimple) pattern on the cover of Coburn Haskell's new rubber-cored wound golf ball, and in response to the demands of the new ball developed the "mashie-niblick", the modern 7-iron, which fell between the traditional mashie (5-iron) and niblick (9-iron). Jim and Dave also designed many golf courses, most of which still exist today. While at Chicago Golf, Dave brought the metal hole-liner to the U.S. from Scotland and improved the design to hold the flagstick upright, even in the wind. Another brother, John, was a ballmaker and bookkeeper at the club until his death in 1907.

After the Chicago Golf Club vacated the Belmont location, Herbert J. Tweedie, a one-time member of the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, formed the Belmont Golf Club, of which the charter was granted in 1899. By that time, however, the course was back to nine holes. The original site has remained a golf course through the years, passing through several owners, and now is owned and operated as a public facility by the Downers Grove Park District.

Chicago Golf Club is ranked the fifth-most exclusive in the world. There are only 120 members and it will never exceed this amount, the only way to get in is by invitation from a member.

Current members include Cleveland Golf founder Roger Cleveland, former ServiceMaster chief executive Jonathan P. Ward, actor Chris O'Donnell, former ServiceMaster vice chairman Charles Stair and former Amoco chairman H. Laurence Fuller. Two-time Masters champion Ben Crenshaw is a non-resident member, and recently deceased members include radio great Paul Harvey and International Harvester scion Brooks McCormick. Club President Bob King (1990–1991) led the process which allowed African Americans and women to be admitted as members of the club. Despite being in close proximity to multiple all-male clubs, Chicago Golf Club began admitting female members in 2001 with the admission of Judith Whinfrey. Chicago Golf Club admitted its first African-American member, Charles Thurston, in 1993. (History collected from Chicagoland Golf magazine, April 1992, by Phil Kosin)

1897 U.S. Open and Amateur
The 1897 Open was the first tournament hosted at Charles Blair MacDonald's club as well as the first championship west of the Appalachia. Macdonald ended up losing the championship on his home turf in the semifinals to W. Rosstier Betts. The actual open championship was played over 36 holes in one day between the semifinals and finals of the Amateur championship and was won by Scotsman Joe Lloyd with a score of 162. Local club professional James Foulis finished in third place two shots behind Lloyd. Eventual Amateur champion H.J. Wigham finished as the low amateur in a tie for eighth.

1900 U.S. Open
The 1900 Open was the sole USGA Championship won by Jerseyman Harry Vardon, who is regarded by many to be one of the greatest players of all time. Vardon competed in the championship after finishing a 90 match tour of the United States and Canada. He won the Open by two strokes over Englishman J.H. Taylor

1911 U.S. Open
The 1911 Open was the first of back to back championships won by John McDermott. This came following a defeat in a playoff in the 1910 U.S. Open in his hometown of Philadelphia. McDermott was the first American to win the Championship, and to this day is the youngest ever to win the U.S. Open at 19 years of age. McDermott won in a playoff over Mike Brady and Chicago Golf Club member George Simpson. He would go on to successfully defend his title the following year.

1928 Walker Cup
The 1928 Walker Cup was the first championship played across the newly designed Seth Raynor course at Chicago Golf Club. The American team crushed their GB&I foes 11 to 1. The team is widely regarded as one of the greatest Walker Cup teams of all time, having a combined 6 U.S. Open and 12 U.S. Amateur Championships among the eight of them. The team featured superstars such as Bobby Jones, Francis Ouimet, and Chick Evans

2018 U.S. Senior Women's Open
The 2018 Senior Women's Open was the inaugural edition of the championship. It was won by 1987 U.S. Women's Open champion Laura Davies, who went on to complete a "women's senior slam" by, three months later, winning the Senior LPGA Championship.

Tournament results
Notable events at Chicago Golf Club:

U.S. Open

 * 1897 Joe Lloyd
 * 1900 Harry Vardon
 * 1911 John McDermott

U.S. Amateur

 * 1897 H. J. Whigham
 * 1905 Chandler Egan
 * 1909 Robert A. Gardner
 * 1912 Jerome Travers

U.S. Women's Amateur

 * 1903 Bessie Anthony

U.S. Senior Amateur

 * 1979 William C. Campbell

Walker Cup

 * 1928 United States 11, Great Britain & Ireland 1
 * 2005 United States 12½, Great Britain & Ireland 11½

Western Junior

 * 1992 John Curley

U.S. Women's Senior Open

 * 2018 Laura Davies

title: Chicago Golf Club