text:
User talk:Tommiks

Bulgaria
I wasn't vandalizing the article. It just looked worse the way you did it. If you put a small paragraph about each time period and put a link above it leading to the main article, then it will be a lot better.

Ottoman Empire
There is nothing wrong with the paragraphs being short. I placed the cleanup tag mostly because the style and grammar needs to be improved in many sections. I —tried to explain on the talk page. I started some editing but found the task overwhelming with the small amount of time I have. --Yodakii 15:22, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Detail is certainly important, but so is style and grammar. I think a short well-written article is still better than a long, hard to understand one. In any case, I'll try to fix what I can. --Yodakii 15:49, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the work on Geography of Turkey. I've found that all but a couple of countries have geography articles that are just a list of facts, so I've been using this Library of Congress source to expand all of them. Unfortunately, the source isn't always neutral, and doesn't have entries for every country. — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-10-26 16:25

I oppologize
I may have been a little harsh with my comment, I thought you were someone I knew of in the past elsewhere with a similar alias, which you obviously are not. Thanks for your answer, it satisfy me. Fadix 20:40, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Anatolia
"Please, you do not have to change the Anatolia to Asia Minor. It is an international definition. If you like you can put your argument in the discussion page."

The two geographic names (one Greek, one Latin) are pretty much interchangeable and I guess both are international, aren't they? No big difference.

"I was wondering, if you dare to create page, that will collect the migrations in&out of Anatolia through out time. Maybe you can develop a timeline with referances... That would be ver usefull, and we can put a link to your page under demographics of Republic of Turkey."

I don't have the full picture about all the many many waves of migrations, but there's probably already a timeline under History of Turkey somewhere. All I know is that many peoples have passed through and left their genetic footprint in the contemporary population. :)

--Big Adamsky 22:18, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

I just noticed that you've deleted my entire contribution to Turkey. I urge you to put it back as soon as you can. If you change or delete a sentence or a paragraph you need to state why and then replace the text with something better (if you can). I'll check the page sometime soon to see whether you've improved anything on that particular page. --Big Adamsky 22:29, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

No, what you have done is you've deleted every word of what I contributed as if my contribution were irrelevant or untrue or misplaced. And apparently you haven't read (or understood) what it was you deleted. In stead of deleting you should try to contribute or clarify. I'll deal with this later, when I have the time. --Big Adamsky 23:07, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

You're right, I should calm down and listen to your reason for deleting, without writing in something better yourself. So.. what was your reason? And why do you refer to my contribution as "vandalism"? Are you going to explain your actions at all? --Big Adamsky 00:01, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

How to put legend below the grid on the bottom
Hi Tommiks,

you are the one that creates the most sophisticated timelines on wikipedia. I need your help on the German Wikipedia. I want to put the Legend on the bottom of the grid, but it wont work. Can you help? --Saharadesertfox 14:40, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Template that needs the legend on the bottom of the grid: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorlage:Rheinischer_Münzverein

Lifestyle of the Ottoman Empire
What is going on this page: Lifestyle of the Ottoman Empire? -- Perfecto 08:04, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Tommiks, this page will be deleted at the moment someone familiar with policies notices it. WP:NOT specifically proscribes articles which are image galleries. Of my watchlist, Gallery of Socialist Realism was deleted: Articles for deletion/Gallery of Socialist Realism. So I suggest you to upload the images into wikiCommons instead. You can refer to images from there in wikipedia with exactly the same syntax. mikka (t) 01:46, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Ottoman Empire

 * I am truly amazed of the job done by you!
 * I noticed that the template:History of the Ottoman Empire sidebar in some articles was on top, in others is on bottom and started moving them all on bottom. But then decided that you probably know better where it should be. From my experience, horizontal templates are usually at the bottom. If someone wants the article series template on top, he makes it bertical and laces on top right. Please look around and make a proper decision. mikka (t) 01:42, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, I went ahead and changed the template:History of the Ottoman Empire sidebar to be more like other templates of this type (narrow, for display at top right of page). It looks better this way, I think.  --JW1805 (Talk) 20:22, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

Image:Adnan Menderes.png
Please add a source who can verify that this photo is PD. Thuresson 00:21, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Image:Kurtulussavasi.gif
The map is fine though, please enlarge it. It will be more accurate.

Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Please see Talk:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I? --Philip Baird Shearer 10:46, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Poetry of the Ottoman Empire article
Tommiks, while I admire your work on timelines and think you have done a fine job on them in general, I also think that the timeline used on the Poetry of the Ottoman Empire article is far too cluttered to be of much use, and that the table that was already there (which I have moved closer to the timeline so as to unclutter the beginning of the article) would probably serve better to give a sense of the historical progression of poetry in the Ottoman period. Let me know, on my talk page, what you think about this idea. —Saposcat 10:20, 9 February 2006 (GMT +02:00)

Pictures of Republic of Turkey
Pictures of Republic of Turkey has been proposed for deletion. Please see the article for details. NickelShoe 05:10, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Turkish literature peer review
Hello. I've noticed that you have an interest in Turkish literature, and that is why I am leaving you a message. I have recently entirely rewritten the Turkish literature article with a view to getting it up to Featured Article status, and have placed the article up for peer review. If you could possibly take the time to look at and review the article, I would greatly appreciate it. If not, thank you for taking the time to read this message. Saposcat 10:07, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Armenian issues
Would you help me? What do you think about this? If you like the design, I'm going to add more data.

Image Tagging for Image:PKK_Urban_War.GIF
Thanks for uploading Image:PKK_Urban_War.GIF. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 08:09, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Turkey_road.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Turkey_road.png. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. -- Paddu 20:50, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that just specifying that it is the work of the United States government isn't enough. In order to allow others to verify that it is indeed the work of the US govt. you have to cite the source from where you got that image in the image description page. I notice that you have earlier ignored the request to add the source and reverted the template added to the image description page without adding any indication of the source of the image. This is inappropriate. -- Paddu 20:59, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Both Image:Turkey road.png and Image:Turkey-Regions.png have now been deleted due to lack of source information —, . You could reupload these images with proper source information. -- Paddu 05:03, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Pictures
Hi. Following from Articles for deletion/People of Turkey between 1900-1909, some articles you created have been deleted. Please be aware that pictures not used in articles might also be deleted at some point in the future. This is just a courtesy note in case you should be interested in reusing them elsewhere. --kingboyk 12:18, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:27px-Turkey-Regions.png
Thanks for uploading Image:27px-Turkey-Regions.png. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 10:58, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Request: Ottoman Empire
User Miskin is making redundant additions to the article, hurting its quality. Here it is (diff. in bold letters):

"Despite its extremely multi-ethnic character, the Ottoman state was commonly known in its days as the Turkish Empire."

This is the introduction sentence to the article. I explained to him/her every recognised empire in history is multi-ethnic therefore that is a redundant addition to that sentence making it look like it was written by an elementary school kid, as if all empires aren't multi-ethnic and Turkish Empire is an exception. Please revert the part to maintain quality. Regards.--Kagan the Barbarian 09:24, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * If Turkish Empire is the English word then what is Ottoman Empire? I know you did that with good faith but it looks even more redundant now. Miskin very well knows it is redundant and unnecessary, don't give in to this. The old form of the paragraph was:

 * "The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: دولتِ عَليه عُثمانيه, Devlet-i Âliye-i Osmaniye, literally "Ottoman Sublime State"), commonly known in its days as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial power, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, that existed from 1299 to 1922."

 * And it was added by Thomas Bloomberg, an apperantly neutral user, who is citing only facts. Do a Google search you get 2,000,000 hits for Turkish Empire. Please revert it to that version.--Kagan the Barbarian 10:01, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know how much I confused you, but you definitely lost me with that last message. I was just asking you to change the first paragraph back to this:

 * "The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: دولتِ عَليه عُثمانيه, Devlet-i Âliye-i Osmaniye, literally "Ottoman Sublime State"), commonly known in its days as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial power, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, that existed from 1299 to 1922."

 * Ottoman Empire and Turkish Empire are both the same thing and both are English; it is redundant to say Ottoman Empire (In English: Turkish Empire). I've seen many Western sources, Italian, Spanich etc., where it is regarded as Turkish Empire. Anyway I can't revert because I broke the 3RR and you are probably gone by now, I'll do it later.--Kagan the Barbarian 12:57, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your comments. I wasn't aware of the separate article which focuses on the politics of the Ottomans. In any case I'll make an effort to improve and expand the article according to some unbiased sources that I have under my possession. Miskin 20:47, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I thought you should know
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Fadix/evidencepage

The question is why? If you wanted to participate in the edition of the Armenian genocide page, why havn't you said so? Why have you used socks insteed? I wasn't expecting you to do something like that, now I just don't know of what to think about you.
 * Tommiks, there are few things you should know, and I advice you to read another time the merging test, since you are a grad student and seem to be good at programming I guess you know what a regression test is. While I have not included the third part, since it includes much of text materials, I thought this was enought for you to come clean, which basically it wasn't.

 * If you pay attention, you will see that this is not about you having exams and not being able to contribute, but rather those three users which will cover the holes. If you pay attention to the texts I have bolded you will see that a regression test will yeild a p<0.05. I think you already know what I am trying to say, but still for the sake of 'assuming good faith' I will try to explain you this.

 * I really first thought that all this was Coolcat doings, the layouts and stuff etc. I knew that the one that was doing it was not a dumb and that probably a checkuser based on IPs will not yeild any results, and it was apparent that the one that was doing it was faking his English, which was also admitted by Tonny. Slowly I have started this from zero, searching and searching, I have viewed all tha active editors of Ottoman related materials here and Turkish Wikipedia, I have uncovered Nafiz, which I thought was Coolcat, but after intense work, I have started having doubts, because it was as if the pro was not Coolcat but another user. When I checked the statistics of Erik Zatche EasyTimeline, I by mistake found that this design was probably not originating from Coolcat but that he had barrowed it from someone, since two users were using that design you and Coolcat and that most complex versions were worked by you. So, like you see I was not after searching about you, I ended up there because I have realised that I was being wrong all along, while Coolcat and you were working in tandem, you were the brightest between the two of you(I am not trying to to underestimate Coolcats intelligence there). Then, I had the briliant idea of merging contributions, I did that with various users, I thought that no one would be obsessed enought to sporadically contribute in various articles with various usernames and that a merging would show heterogenouty, the user for sure will make mistakes. When I did that, I quickly learned that while there is some form of communication between you and Coolcat beyond Wikipedia talk page, Coolcat inclusion in this merging was problematic, from a series of eliminations only you matched, and this again has nothing to do with your lack of time.

 * There still were few problems with that, and it is Coolcat uses of similar edit summeries, the note about 'not everyone has new tecnology' when reducing the size of an image was problematic, since Coolcat was editing for this reason. The answer came when I have read something from you, to the effect that you yourself didn't have a high resolution monitor and that not everyone had one. This was it, in fact in some way or another, you were the one having this idea of reducing resolutions not Coolcat, Coolcat was just the barrower there. So, the edit summaries could have been explained from this, also I have noticed that Coolcat was barrowing expressions and style from many members, started with your own layouts.

 * Now comming to the merging test, I think that this would be a very good complement to the checkuser test for many reasons, because only this way was I able to conclude what I have concluded. If you don't mind, pay attention again to that page. In January 27, Karabekir makes his last edit for the day, no edits in January 28, you then appear in January 29, and continue the work of Karabekir, as you say, fx formats. You make your last edit of January 30, in Turkey, the next day, Karabekir reappear and finish what you have left. Each time you disapear, Karabekir reppear and continue your own work.

 * On January 3, Karabekir disappear, you reappear and continue your work, on January 4 after a minor edit on the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, you disappear, Karabekir reappear and answer in the talk page of the same article. On January 5, before disappearing you edit Aftermath of World War I, Karabekir reappear and use the talk page of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. And here I am not talking about the content of your edits which clearly present a correlation of near 1. On January 6, Karabekir edit World War I, you appear then for the Template:Timeline of campaigns during WWI of the Ottoman Empire, after you disappear again, Karabekir reappear editing the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (fixing the minor format).

 * This continuity is repeated again and again in the entire process by the three usernames.

 * But if you don't mind, let me highlight some other constatations. Karabekir started editing the Armenian genocide article on Febuary 27, 2006, on March 3 he made repeated edits, then he made a mistake that gave him away, let see what it was. March 3, 2006 22:48, Karabekir made an edit deleting temporarly the Turkish position section, it was in fact to reorganize it, we understand this after it has been reintroduced after working on it, 20 minutes after, they were reintroduced by pieces, NOT by Karabekir but you Tommiks , , . You probably made the mistake, because you probably had different browsers each configurated with different user names and set proxies, while you were making those changes you did not realise that it was made under your Karabekir alias. But, this was not it, Ottomanreference too interceded in such a series of edits. First, Ottomanreference was registered Febuary 17, 2006, the same date when after 4 months of silence from the Armenian genocide article, Coolcat started editing. What is interesting is that Ottomanreference started editing the Armenian genocide article the same exact date that Karabekir started editing it (Febuary 27, 2006), Karabekir has made an edit, a little over half an hour after, Ottomanreference makes an edit , continuing what Karabekir has started, when we check his contributions, we understand why Karabekir by mistake continued with his other alias, since he had to login in his other alias to make other contributions in other articles. Tommiks, Ottomanreference AND Karabekir few times have made common mistakes, the three write 'grammar,' 'grammer,' the three have already used the word 'paragraf' insteed of 'paragraph.' For example see: , , . (see summary) Both Karabekir and you have made the exact same edit summaries, example, the claim of making things easier to read as pretext: ,.

 * Those are few examples Tommiks of my research, and don't worry, you are not the only implicated, other people using socks are too, one user for example that I also passed the test of merging has been exposed using by socks and not by me.

 * You know, everyone make mistakes, not just you, I really first thought that Coolcat was behind that, and I was wrong.

 * You will read the rest of my report in this next week, you will see that those evidences I have provided are just some which I decided to present you here. RegardsFad (ix) 00:47, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Either you haven't read what I wrote, either you are doing that on purpouses Tommiks. Your answer has nothing to do with my post in your talk page. This is not about copyedit. This is about your login leaving and another comming just after and continuing the work you have left, and this for few days, then that login leaving and you comming back continuing the same exact work. Not only Karabekir and you have worked in the same articles, some VERY specific, but that there is a continuity between both users would convince the most skeptical person, in fact, it was first a Turk that suggested me to merge you while I was previously attempting with Coolcat and other users. Not only Karabekir has identicial edit summeries, not only both of you have made the same exact proper mistakes like writting 'paragraph' 'paragraf,' not only there are continuities between your presences and his, but there are things that just don't fool, example you working on World War I related articles and then after you disappear Karabekir comming back and continuing with that. Besides like I have previously said, one much telling mistake of yours was when Karabekir deleted temporarly the Turkish position section to organize it and minutes after you reintroduced them organized. I believe you when you say that you use student softwares, but like I am sure, any such softwares will yield the same result. I just hoped you would come clean, but you haven't. I just hope that I won't find other logins as I will be trying to close the gap for previous contributions too. Regards. Fad (ix) 16:59, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

External links on Kurdistan Workers Party tagged for speedy deletion
An article that you have been involved in editing, External links on Kurdistan Workers Party, has been tagged for speedy deletion. Please look there to see why this is, if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. AmiDaniel (Talk) 09:51, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Timeline of Russo-Turkish Wars
Template:Timeline of Russo-Turkish Wars has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. John Reid 10:29, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Help me, please

Can you teach mea how to draw a map like Ottoman small animation.gif? I’m trying to write some articles about great battles of the Romanian Army and such animation would be very useful for my purpose. Thank you! User:Valip Talk Valip May 3, 2006 10:23 (EET)

Image copyright problem with Image:Greek Zone of Occupation.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Greek Zone of Occupation.png. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jkelly 23:47, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Hello! I noticed that you have interacted with Philip Baird Shearer who is currently undergoing an RfA and thought that you might be interested in participating at Requests for adminship/Philip Baird Shearer. You have received this message without the endorsement of the candidate involved, and this is not a solicitation of support, it is only an effort to make RfA discussions better (for more information see user:ShortJason/Publicity). Thank you in advance for your participation. ShortJason 23:26, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Apocular_information_flow.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Apocular_information_flow.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:13, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Russo-Ottoman Wars box
Hi, just wondering if you had any thoughts on turning the Template:Russo–Ottoman War Series into a campaignbox for the WikiProject Military history/Campaignboxes project I've been working on. I wanted to check with you since you looked like the creator. Basically, it's a style change but I wasn't sure about changing it since I'm not familiar with the "series" style it is currently in. Thanks. Publicus 18:36, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:20px-Flag of Turkey.svg.png
Thanks for uploading Image:20px-Flag of Turkey.svg.png. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 03:38, 8 January 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 03:38, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:A_Turkish_Kaleidoscope_(1926)-_Anatolia_shepherd.png
Thanks for uploading Image:A_Turkish_Kaleidoscope_(1926)-_Anatolia_shepherd.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self-no-disclaimers tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 02:00, 24 February 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Iamunknown 02:00, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Also Image:Constantinople_settings_and_traits_(1926)-_Cholera.png, Image:Constantinople_settings_and_traits_(1926)-_Turkish_Refugees_from_balkans.png and Image:Constantinople_settings_and_traits_(1926)-_Turkish_refugees_seeking_help.png.

Image source problem with Image:Mustapha Kemal -(1931) -New parliament building in Ankara.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Mustapha Kemal -(1931) -New parliament building in Ankara.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 21:51, 3 August 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 91.65.124.74 21:51, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:The short cut to india (1909). Harran ovasi farmland-2.png
Thanks for uploading Image:The short cut to india (1909). Harran ovasi farmland-2.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 21:52, 3 August 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 91.65.124.74 21:52, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Political Murders in Turkey (1970s).GIF
Thanks for uploading Image:Political Murders in Turkey (1970s).GIF. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, fair use media which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if not used in an article), per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. —Remember the dot (talk) 18:07, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Turkish ministery of culture - green mosque.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Turkish ministery of culture - green mosque.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under a claim of fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first non-free content criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the media description page and edit it to add, without deleting the original replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace this non-free media by finding freely licensed media of the same subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or similar) media under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other non-free media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our non-free content criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, non-free media which could be replaced by freely licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if uploaded before 13 July 2006), per our non-free content policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. —Remember the dot (talk) 02:26, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of List of countries and organizations that list the PKK as a terrorist group
An editor has nominated List of countries and organizations that list the PKK as a terrorist group, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 17:00, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Adnan_Menderes.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Adnan_Menderes.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 00:17, 22 April 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Kelly hi! 00:17, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Image:Afyon-memorial-Turkish_ministery_of_culture.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Afyon-memorial-Turkish_ministery_of_culture.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Kelly hi! 00:56, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:A middleast mosaic -1999 - The original caricature is dated 1885. counsultative menagerie.png
Thank you for uploading Image:A middleast mosaic -1999 - The original caricature is dated 1885. counsultative menagerie.png. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their license and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. X clamation point  18:53, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:With the conquered Turk (1913) Two Ottoman soldiers walking towards the Istanbul.png
File:With the conquered Turk (1913) Two Ottoman soldiers walking towards the Istanbul.png is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:Ottoman soldiers after the First Balkan War.png. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 19:15, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * File:Constantinople(1878)-Armenian and Turkish retailers.png is now available as Commons:File:Constantinople(1878)-Armenian and Turkish retailers.png. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 10:30, 8 October 2009 (UTC)
 * File:Constantinople(1878)-Armeni mrs.png is now available as Commons:File:Constantinople(1878)-Armeni mrs.png. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 10:31, 8 October 2009 (UTC)
 * File:Constantinople(1878)-park.png is now available as Commons:File:Constantinople(1878)-park.png. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 10:39, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)

The article History of Bulgaria (1878–1946) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No references

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Mr.TrustWorthy Got Something to Tell Me?  22:24, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)
A tag has been placed on History of Bulgaria (1878–1946) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Mr.TrustWorthy Got Something to Tell Me?  03:00, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Conflicted licensing on image File:Ataturk-(1967) - Sivas congress Refet-Rauf-bekir.png
The above noted image or media file appears to have conflicted licensing. As an image cannot be both 'free' and 'unfree', a check of the exact status of this media/image concerned is advised.Sfan00 IMG (talk) 19:51, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Ottoman Empire era classification
Hi,Tommiks

The Ottoman Empire era classification needs to be reviewed. My note on the side bar (which is a summary of the text) is on the discussion page. Being one of the main contributors, you may wish to reorganize it. Cheers. Nedim Ardoğa (talk) 19:04, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

help
Greetings. can you explain to me how can i translate a template, like this one which you created: Template:Timeline of Russo-Turkish Wars to any non-Latin alphabet language? i tried to translate it to Arabic, but all i get is lines and codes, no Arabic words.Bassem18Bassem18 (talk) 19:20, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:GAP Administration publication 2004- restoration.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:GAP Administration publication 2004- restoration.png. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk  05:14, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:GAP Administration publication 2004- application of new technologies.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:GAP Administration publication 2004- application of new technologies.png. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk  05:14, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:History of Hittites Series
Template:History of Hittites Series has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. — This, that, and the other (talk) 10:00, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Story Line of the Kurdistan Workers Party
Template:Story Line of the Kurdistan Workers Party has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. — This, that, and the other (talk) 06:40, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being minor in the usual way.

For established users such as yourself there is a workaround available involving custom JavaScript. With the script in place, you can continue with this functionality indefinitely (its use is governed by WP:MINOR). If you have any problems, feel free to drop me a note.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:05, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Effects of the Turkey – Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Effects of the Turkey – Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Effects of the Turkey – Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Qwyrxian (talk) 05:58, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Files missing description details
Dear uploader: The media files you uploaded as: are missing a description and/or other details on their image description pages. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the images, and they will be more informative to readers.
 * File:Constantinople settings and traits (1926)- Cholera.png
 * File:Constantinople(1878)-dervis.png
 * File:An outline of history of art (1938) -Funeral of Murat II.png

If the information is not provided, the images may eventually be proposed for deletion, a situation which is not desirable, and which can easily be avoided.

If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Theo's Little Bot (error?) 09:19, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

File source problem with File:The sultan (1973) original caricature c1879 - british goverment forcing the sultan for reforms.png
Thank you for uploading File:The sultan (1973) original caricature c1879 - british goverment forcing the sultan for reforms.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a [ list of your uploads]. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 22:05, 7 December 2013 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:The sultan (1973) original caricature c1879 - british goverment forcing the sultan for reforms.png
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:The sultan (1973) original caricature c1879 - british goverment forcing the sultan for reforms.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you object to the listing for any reason. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 14:08, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

Deletion discussion
Hi, I think you're no longer active. But please have your say in the deletion discussion of Lifestyle of the Ottoman Empire Cheers. Nedim Ardoğa (talk) 21:07, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

File:Turkish Crossroads (1951). Turkish Army.png
This picture obviously isn't from 1918. In 1918 just a few amounts of German type stahlhelms were in use in Turkey beside other hats like the Enveriye and kalpaks. In the first years of the republic the French Adrian helmet was introduced into the army. For pictures depicting this just google "Atatürk cenaze 1938". The British Brody helmet which you can see in your picture was introduced sometime around World War II. If you google "Atatürk anitkabir 1953" you can see some sample images. There is no evidence that this type of helmet was in use in 1918 in the Turkish army. Again the uniform in this picture is the type which was introduced together with the Brody helmet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.187.123.155 (talk) 00:14, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Constantinople settings and traits (1926)- bulgarians dancing.png
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Constantinople settings and traits (1926)- bulgarians dancing.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you object to the listing for any reason. Thank you. B (talk) 01:10, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:02, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:Constantinople(1878)-Turkish Government information brocure (1950s) - Black Sea from istanbul.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Constantinople(1878)-Turkish Government information brocure (1950s) - Black Sea from istanbul.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 19:04, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

File:Constantinople(1878)-Turkish Goverment information brocure (1950s) - Istanbul coffee house.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Constantinople(1878)-Turkish Goverment information brocure (1950s) - Istanbul coffee house.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 19:05, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

File:The Turkish theater 1933 - pishekar, kavuklu, three zenne, orchestra, on median (open space).png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:The Turkish theater 1933 - pishekar, kavuklu, three zenne, orchestra, on median (open space).png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 19:46, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

File:Turkish Government information brocure (1950s) - Meddah-storyteller.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Turkish Government information brocure (1950s) - Meddah-storyteller.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 19:54, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

File:The sultan (1973) original mansell collection - San Stefano.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:The sultan (1973) original mansell collection - San Stefano.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 22:40, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

File:The Turkish theater 1933 - pishekar, kavuklu, three zenne, orchestra, on median (open space).png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:The Turkish theater 1933 - pishekar, kavuklu, three zenne, orchestra, on median (open space).png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 00:39, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Ottoman governing structure.png
Thank you for uploading File:Ottoman governing structure.png. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a [ list of your uploads]. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 22:54, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:National Uprisings under the Ottoman Empire
Template:National Uprisings under the Ottoman Empire has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Frietjes (talk) 15:56, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Timeline of Folklore of the Ottoman Empire
Template:Timeline of Folklore of the Ottoman Empire has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the entry on the Templates for discussion page. Did Q28 make a mess today? 08:49, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Tommiks


text:
Because of You

Because of You may refer to:

Albums

 * Because of You (James Darren album), 2001
 * Because of You (Ne-Yo album), 2007, and the title song (see below)
 * Because of You (Tony Bennett album), 1952, and the title song, a cover of the popular song (see below)
 * Neo Ttaemun-e (Because of You), a 2010 EP by After School, and the title song (see below)
 * Because of You, a 1993 compilation album by Dexys Midnight Runners, and the title song (see below)
 * Because of You, a 2003 album by The Kings
 * Because of You, a 1998 album by Preservation Hall Jazz Band

Songs

 * "Because of You" (1940 song), a popular song by Arthur Hammerstein and Dudley Wilkinson, recorded by Tony Bennett and others
 * "Because of You" (98 Degrees song), 1998
 * "Because of You" (After School song)
 * "Because of You" (The Cover Girls song)
 * "Because of You" (Gabrielle song), 1994
 * "Because of You" (Gustaph song), 2023
 * "Because of You" (Kelly Clarkson song), 2005, recorded by herself with Reba McEntire
 * "Because of You" (Marques Houston song)
 * "Because of You" (Ne-Yo song), 2007
 * "Because of You" (Nickelback song), 2004
 * "Because of You", by 54-40 from Show Me
 * "Because of You", by Arthur Hammerstein and Dudley Wilkinson, recorded by Connie Francis from One for the Boys
 * "Because of You", by Ayumi Hamasaki from Memorial Address
 * "Because of You", by Band of Susans from Love Agenda
 * "Because of You", by Billie Piper from Walk of Life
 * "Because of You", by Billy Ocean from Tear Down These Walls
 * "Because of You", by Bobby Vinton from Bobby Vinton Sings the Big Ones
 * "Because of You", by Dexys Midnight Runners, the theme for the 1986–1991 British sitcom Brush Strokes
 * "Because of You", by DJ BoBo
 * "Because of You", by Gene Clark from White Light
 * "Because of You", by Jolin Tsai from 1019
 * "Because of You", by Keith Martin from Love of My Life
 * "Because of You", by Kyla from Not Your Ordinary Girl
 * "Because of You", by Kym Marsh from Standing Tall
 * "Because of You", by Letters to Cleo from Go!
 * "Because of You", by Meat Loaf from Couldn't Have Said It Better
 * "Because of You", by Skunk Anansie from Smashes and Trashes
 * "Because of You", by Sleeper from Pleased to Meet You
 * "Because of You", by Stephanie
 * "Because of You", by Unwritten Law from Here's to the Mourning

Film and television

 * Because of You (1952 film), American film starring Loretta Young
 * Because of You (2000 film), written and directed by Ryū Murakami
 * Because of You (TV series), 2015 Philippine series
 * Because of You (Taiwanese TV series), 2020 Taiwanese Taiwanese series

Other uses

 * Because of You..., perfume

title: Because of You


text:
Pol Swings

Pol F. Swings (24 September 1906 – 28 October 1983) was a Belgian astrophysicist who was known for his studies of the composition and structure of stars and comets. He used spectroscopy to identify the elements in astronomical bodies, and, in particular, comets. Swings studied at the University of Liège, where he was professor of spectroscopy and astrophysics from 1932 to 1975. He was also a visiting professor at the University of Chicago in the United States (1939–43, 1946–52).

From his study of cometary atmospheres, he is credited with the discovery of the Swings bands and the Swings effect. Swings bands are emission lines resulting from the presence of certain atoms of carbon; the Swings effect was discovered with the aid of a slit spectrograph and is attributed to fluorescence resulting partly from solar radiation.

Moreover, Swings studied spectroscopy of interstellar space and investigated the rotation of stars, as well as nebulae, novae, and variable stars. Pol Swings was awarded the Francqui Prize for Exact Sciences in 1948. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965, and the American Philosophical Society and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1966.

In 1981, Swings became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.

1637 Swings, an asteroid of the Main belt is named after him.

title: Pol Swings


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Klaus Dingeldein

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 02:25, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Klaus Dingeldein
Delete: vanity page (or needed strong clean up)) Cate 14:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Keep - I cleaned it up a bit, but this article it still little more than a bio-stub. JoJan 14:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no claim to notability asserted. Dcarrano 16:50, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Pavel Vozenilek 23:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn royblumy 02:05, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 07:50, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this is a simple bio of a person who has been part of wing chun european history. This is not a vanity page. Removing this page means removing all the pages related to others masters and instructors in this site. Furio 12:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * masters and instructors are like teachers and professors per se not notable. Cate 06:53, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Xoloz 04:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:WashingtonWillie

An account among very many. Many of these share editing patters (e.g. dates) with each other, they have common traits identified here, they participate in the same V/AfDs as one another, sometimes on opposing sides and share closely similar topical interests. -Splash - tk 02:15, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User:WashingtonWillie


text:
Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat

Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat (Sent Liunard) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France, on a hill above the river Vienne. It is named after Saint Leonard of Noblac. The commune of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat covers the town Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat and a number of small villages and hamlets, including Lajoumard.

Population
Inhabitants are known as Miaulétous in French.

Sights
Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites connected with the routes to Santiago de Compostela. It retains the Romanesque collegial church and its belltower, 52 m tall. Dating partly from the 11th century, the church is a listed historic monument. Its old houses follow a medieval street pattern, with many streets converging in a public space by the former abbey church. In the 19th century, a papermill and a porcelain manufactory were added to its commerce. The place also attracts visitors as an overnight stop on the Tour de France. The town is known for its native son, the scientist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778 – 1850); there is a small museum in his honor.

Notable people
Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat is the hometown of the chemist and physicist, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac.

Adrien Pressemane, a porcelain painter, lived in the town and represented the district in parliament.

Raymond Poulidor, considered by some as the most popular racing cyclist in France, lived in the town. He was known as "the eternal second" of the Tour de France after repeatedly losing, often against Jacques Anquetil, who won five times. Poulidor later competed against Eddy Merckx, who also won five times. Poulidor's best victory was in Milan–San Remo.

Serge Gainsbourg, (Lucien Ginzburg) (1928-1991), took refuge a few months during the year 1944 to the local high school, thereby escaping the persecution of Jews (his parents had immigrated from Crimea). A comprehensive article on this stay appears in the journal "Memory of Here" (No. 3). His presence in Saint Léonard - it lasted about 6 months - has long been ignored, to the point of creating a controversy about a street name (2001). Only the Press House now named after the singer. The debate is closed, since the arrival of Serge in Saint-Léonard has been proven by several witnesses.

Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher, lived and is buried there.

Mario David, of his real name Jacques Paul Jules Marie David, French actor, (1927-1996) was at school here.

Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, (1914-2018), French writer and poet. In Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, he met Raymond Queneau and Michel Leiris.

Daniel-Henri Kahnweiler (1884-1979), German writer and collector, who promoted the Cubist movement and discovered, among others, Picasso and Braque, took refuge in Saint-Léonard during the war.

Philippe de Vomécourt (1902-1964), French Resistance and Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent in World War II. His home was near Noblat.

Clémentine Jouassain (1829-1902), actress of the Comédie-Française, was born in Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.

title: Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat


text:
Georg Wilhelm von Siemens

Georg Wilhelm von Siemens (30 July 1855, in Berlin – 14 October 1919, in Arosa, Switzerland) was a German telecommunications industrialist of the Siemens family.

Known as Wilhelm von Siemens, he was the second son of Werner von Siemens by first wife Mathilde Drumann, and was a general partner of the family company Siemens. Then under the name Siemens & Halske (S & H), the company was incorporated in 1897, with Wilhelm's uncle Carl Heinrich von Siemens as its first chairman of the Supervisory Board. Wilhelm's elder brother Arnold von Siemens succeeded his uncle as chairman of the board from 1904 until his death in 1918, while Wilhelm served as chairman of the board of the sister company, Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG, from 1903 until 1918. After his brother Arnold's death in 1918, he succeeded him as chairman of Siemens & Halske AG until his own death the following year. His successor in both chairmanships became his younger (half-)brother, Carl Friedrich von Siemens.

Married in 1882 to Eleonore Siemens (2 March 1860 – 26 July 1919), a first cousin, they were the parents of:
 * Wilhelm Ferdinand von Siemens (1885–1937), who after World War I shortly served as CEO of Siemens & Halske AG
 * Mathilde Eleonore Eveline von Siemens (1888–1945)

He is credited with championing the Berlin to Iraq railway system that was to be completed about 1915. The direct competition such a railway system posed to British imperial domination could have been one of the causes of WW I. Beginning in 1899, he founded Siemensstadt, a locality of Berlin, in order to expand production by building new factories and workers' accommodation.

title: Georg Wilhelm von Siemens


text:
Friends World Committee for Consultation

The Friends World Committee for Consultation (FWCC) is a Quaker organisation that works to communicate between all parts of Quakerism. FWCC's world headquarters is in London. It has General Consultative NGO status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations since 2002. FWCC shares responsibility for the Quaker UN Office in Geneva and New York City with the American Friends Service Committee and Britain Yearly Meeting.

FWCC was set up at the 1937 Second World Conference of Friends in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, US, "to act in a consultative capacity to promote better understanding among Friends the world over, particularly by the encouragement of joint conferences and intervisitation, the collection and circulation of information about Quaker literature and other activities directed towards that end."

Between representative meetings, governance is carried out by a Central Executive Committee of 17 members from around the world, which meets annually in a different part of the world. The current General Secretary is Tim Gee.

Structure
FWCC has four sections in addition to the world office in London:
 * Africa Section, based in Nairobi, Kenya
 * Asia and West Pacific Section, based in Australia
 * Europe and Middle East Section, based in Birmingham, England
 * Section of the Americas, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Africa Section
Africa Section represents Friends throughout the continent of Africa. Most African Friends are from the evangelical and programmed traditions. However, a significant minority are from the unprogrammed tradition. South Africa Yearly Meeting is principally an unprogrammed Yearly Meeting and there are unprogrammed Meetings elsewhere in Africa, notably in Kenya. Africa Section is numerically the most numerous of the Sections and the administrative headquarters are in Nairobi, Kenya. The 2012 Friends World Conference was held in Kenya.

Asia West Pacific Section
Asia West Pacific Section (AWPS) is geographically the largest FWCC Section, stretching from Japan in the north to New Zealand and Australia in the south and from the Philippines in the east to India in the west. Asia West Pacific Section is growing significantly and recently welcomed into Membership the Philippine Evangelical Friends Church, a Filipino programmed and evangelical Friends Meeting; Marble Rock Friends and Mahoba Yearly Meeting in India. Some AWPS Friends Meetings are numerically small, e.g. those in Korea and Hong Kong but nonetheless give generously to Friends work internationally and contribute a lot to the life of Friends. Other Friends Meetings in the Section are relatively large with several thousand Friends. The geographical area of the AWPS region includes numerically large Friends Meetings of the evangelical programmed tradition which have not as yet affiliated with FWCC, although friendly relations are maintained locally.

Europe and Middle East Section
Europe and Middle East Section (EMES) is numerically the smallest of the Quaker Sections but historically the oldest and is growing in former Eastern Bloc countries, though declining in so-called Western Europe countries. EMES includes Britain Yearly Meeting, the mother Meeting of Friends, being the heir to the former London Yearly Meeting. Britain Yearly Meeting's "Faith and Practice" or book of discipline is used by many Friends around the world as a guide to Friends' practices and procedures. Britain Yearly Meeting is the largest Meeting in the Section with approximately 16,000 Members, followed by Ireland Yearly Meeting with around 1,000 Members. Other Yearly Meetings in Europe are small, in some cases smaller than Monthly Meetings in Asia but retain the name and form of Yearly Meetings for historical reasons.

Friends have a long-standing presence in the Middle East and the Palestine, dating back to Ottoman times. For example, Ramallah Friends School is a noted educational center and Friends are active in attempts to build peace at the grass roots in this troubled area. Britain Yearly Meeting's Quaker Peace and Social Witness (QPSW) is one of the significant international Friends agencies. The FWCC Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) in Geneva is partly supported by Britain Yearly Meeting. Friends presence at the United Nations has engaged and continues to engage in much quiet diplomacy to reduce violence and build peace around the world. Friends House in Geneva is a quiet haven in a busy international city and hosts Geneva Meeting.

Section of the Americas
Section of the Americas is numerically the second largest section and includes Friends from all Friends traditions in both North and South America as well as in the Caribbean and Central America. Section of the Americas is officially bi-lingual in Spanish and English, though Canada Yearly Meeting also operates in both English and French. FWCC's other QUNO branch is located adjacent to the New York UN Building and is closely connected with the quasi-Quaker organisation American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). AFSC was founded by Friends and still has a substantially Friends Board of Trustees, however, only the director of AFSC is required to be a Friend and the vast majority of AFSC staff, including senior staff, are not Friends and are not familiar with Friends worship or testimonies leading to some Friends' Meetings distancing themselves from AFSC and its activities. In 1947 the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Friends for 300 years of work for peace and received on behalf of Friends by AFSC and its London counterpart, the Friends Service Committee, now known as Quaker Peace and Social Witness.

Approximately 131,000 Friends live in the Americas. US Friends are often relatively affluent whereas many Latin American Friends come from relatively impoverished and oppressed indigenous communities. As in Asia and Africa, in Latin America, Friends are a growing church. Section of the Americas Friends have a long history dating back to the mid-17th Century. Friends founded or helped found a number of the US States, notably Pennsylvania, named after distinguished 17th Century English Friend, William Penn; Rhode Island; New Jersey and Delaware all had substantial Friends' contributions in their founding. William Penn's constitutional documents for Pennsylvania formed an important and influential source for the later United States Constitution. In the early colonial period Friends were persecuted in Massachusetts and New York. Friends also had a substantial impact in the early days of colonisation of the Caribbean, for example in the 17th century and early 18th century 25% of the population of Barbados was Friends. The history of suffering is a uniting factor with Latin American Friends, many of whom live in difficult circumstances and find living the transformative Peace Testimony a daily commitment.

It is difficult to speak about American Friends as a whole because they represent such a broad and diverse range of Friends traditions, however, it is a tribute to their commitment to Friends beliefs that they respect each other and work together.

FWCC triennials, conferences and international representatives meetings
The first World Conference of Friends was held in the U.K. in 1920 and the second, at which FWCC was founded, took place in Pennsylvania in 1937. The third was held in Oxford, U.K. in 1952 and the fourth in Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A. in 1967. In 1991, the Fifth World Conference was held on three sites in The Netherlands, Honduras and Kenya. The sixth World Conference was held near Nakuru in Kenya in 2012.

Between the World Conferences, Triennial meetings of representatives were held up to 2007, when it was decided that there should be longer gaps between these meetings, in part due to environmental concerns.

In future Plenary Meetings will be held every six to eight years and called International Representatives Meetings. The first of these was held in Peru in January 2016, and the next is planned for South Africa in 2024.


text:
Siluria, Alabama

Siluria is a former town and now a neighborhood in Alabaster, Alabama, United States, located in Shelby County in the Birmingham, Alabama, metropolitan area. It was the home of a large cotton mill and company-built mill village which began operations in 1896 and finally closed in 1979. It was incorporated on May 25, 1954, but was later annexed by Alabaster in May 1971. It is named for the Silurian geological period because of rocks found there. A post office was established in 1872, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1972.

Notable people

 * Jim Davenport, born in Siluria, major league baseball player
 * Willie Kirkland, born in Siluria, major league baseball player
 * Cathy O'Donnell, born Ann Steely in Siluria, actress, on July 6, 1923

title: Siluria, Alabama


text:
King-Lincoln Park

King-Lincoln Park is an 18.8 acre (76,000 m²) park in Newport News, Virginia. It is maintained by the Newport News Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism.

Location
It is located on Hampton Roads. Since 1937, a beach has existed in the park.

title: King-Lincoln Park


text:
Typhoon Haitang (2005)

Typhoon Haitang, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Feria, was the first super typhoon of the 2005 season in the northwestern Pacific. It had winds up to 260 km/h at peak intensity, and caused over 18 serious injuries and 15 confirmed deaths in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. Damage totaled about $1.17 billion (2005 USD), most of which occurred in mainland China.

Mainland China
An estimated 15 million people were affected by the typhoon. A total of 2,151 homes were destroyed, 262.9 km of roads were washed out and several thousand power lines were downed by the storm Damage to infrastructure amounted to ¥8 billion (US$1.17 billion).

title: Typhoon Haitang (2005)


text:
Eric Ives

Eric William Ives (12 July 1931 – 25 September 2012) was a British historian who was an expert on the Tudor period, and a university administrator. He was Emeritus Professor of English History at the University of Birmingham.

Early life
Ives was born on 12 July 1931, Romford, Essex to a Plymouth Brethren family. He was educated at Brentwood School, then an all-boys public school in Brentwood, Essex. He studied history at Queen Mary College, London, graduating with Bachelor of Arts (BA). He then went on to complete his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the same university.

On 24 November 1955, as part of national service, he was commissioned into the Education Branch of the Royal Air Force as a pilot officer. He was given the service number 2766509. He was promoted to flying officer on 24 November 1956, and to flight lieutenant on 24 May 1957.

Academic career
Following his two-year nation service, he worked for a short time with the History of Parliament Trust as a research assistant. The next four years were spent as a Fellow at the University of Birmingham's Shakespeare Institute, Stratford-upon-Avon. From 1961, he was a lecturer in Modern History at the University of Liverpool. In 1967, he returned to the University of Birmingham as a history lecturer. In 1987, he was appointed Professor of English History and Dean of the Faculty of Arts, a position he retained until his retirement in 1997. From 1989 until 1993 he was also pro-vice-chancellor, an important position in the overall running of the university. He was head of the Modern History department from 1994 until 1997.

He was particularly noted for his work on the life of Anne Boleyn, the second wife and queen of King Henry VIII of England. His theories on her life drew him into fierce debate with the American historian Retha Warnicke, who wrote The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn in 1989 to challenge Ives's findings. He began researching Anne Boleyn about 1979, publishing the results in 1986. The biography, Anne Boleyn, was modified and expanded for re-publication in 2004 under the new title of The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. In 2009, he published a study of Lady Jane Grey and the circumstances of her accession and downfall.

He also wrote extensively on the History of Law and the development of modern higher education. His biographical writing on Tudor courtiers covers the Welsh land-owning magnate William Brereton, who was unjustly condemned to death in 1536 on the false charge of being Anne Boleyn's lover. In 2000 the University of Birmingham Press published The First Civic University: Birmingham, 1880–1980 – An Introductory History, which he co-wrote with Diane K. Drummond and Leonard Schwarz.

Personal life
Ives converted to Methodism and then Baptism. In 1961, he married his wife Ruth, with whom he had two children. They lived in Warwick and Stratford-upon-Avon. He sang as a tenor in choir.

Awards
In 2001 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire in the New Year Honours in recognition of his services to history.

Works

 * Letters & Accounts of William Brereton (1976)
 * God in History (1979)
 * Faction in Tudor England (1979)
 * The Common Lawyers of Pre-Reformation England (1983)
 * Anne Boleyn (1986), revised as The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (2004)
 * Henry VIII (Very Important People Series) (2007)
 * Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery (2009)
 * The Reformation Experience: Living Through the Turbulent 16th Century (2012)

title: Eric Ives


text:
Archdiocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj

The Archdiocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj is an episcopal see of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Cathedral of this archbishopric is the Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral in Cluj.

Bishops and Archbishops

 * Nicolae Ivan (1921-1936)
 * Nicolae Colan (1936-1957)
 * Teofil Herineanu (1957-1992)
 * Bartolomeu Anania (1993-2011)
 * Andrei Andreicuț (2011-)

title: Archdiocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj


text:
Kija

Kija or Gija may refer to:

 * Jizi, known in Korean as Kija or Gija, a semi-legendary figure and founder of the Gija Joseon of ancient Korea
 * Gija people (or Kija), an ethnic group of Australia
 * Kija language, their language
 * Queen Kiya of ancient Egypt, also spelled Kija

title: Kija


text: User talk:86.135.91.48

title: User talk:86.135.91.48


text:
HMS Vulcan

Eight ships and a shore establishment of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Vulcan, after the god Vulcan, of Roman mythology:

Ships

 * HMS Vulcan (1691) was an 8-gun fireship launched in 1691 and sunk as a breakwater in 1709.
 * HMS Vulcan (1739) was an 8-gun fireship, previously the civilian Hunter. She was purchased in 1739 and hulked in 1743.
 * HMS Vulcan (1745) was an 8-gun fireship, previously the civilian Mary. She was purchased in 1745 and sold in 1749.
 * HMS Vulcan (1777) was an 8-gun fireship, previously an American merchantman. She was purchased in 1777 and destroyed in 1782 to prevent her capture.
 * HMS Vulcan (1783) was a 14-gun fireship launched in 1783. She was destroyed in 1793 to prevent her capture.
 * HMS Vulcan (1796) was a 10-gun bomb vessel, previously the civilian Hector. She was purchased in 1796 and was sold in 1802.
 * HMS Vulcan was to have been an iron paddle frigate. She was renamed HMS Birkenhead (1845) in 1843 before being launched in 1845.
 * HMS Vulcan (1849) was an iron screw frigate launched in 1849. She was converted to a troopship in 1851 and was sold in 1867 as the barque Jorawur.
 * HMS Vulcan (1889) was a depot ship launched in 1889. She was converted to a training hulk and renamed HMS Defiance III in 1931 and was scrapped in 1955. Two replacement ships were named HMS Vulcan II:
 * HMS Onyx (1892) was HMS Vulcan II between 1919 and 1924.
 * HMS Lily (1915) was HMS Vulcan II between 1923 and 1930.
 * HMS Vulcan (1937) was a trawler used as a depot ship for Coastal Forces, then serving as a repair ship for a minesweeping flotilla, being paid off in 1947. HMS Vulcan was involved in lifesaving after the Air Raid on Bari and had some mustard gas casualties as a result.

Establishments

 * HMS Vulcan was the Ministry of Defence naval nuclear reactor shore establishment at Dounreay between 1970 and 1981, when it was renamed the Vulcan Naval Reactor Test Establishment.

title: HMS Vulcan


text: User talk:209.227.188.254

title: User talk:209.227.188.254


text: Category:Olympic competitors for Ukraine


text:
Stationary wavelet transform

The stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is a wavelet transform algorithm designed to overcome the lack of translation-invariance of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Translation-invariance is achieved by removing the downsamplers and upsamplers in the DWT and upsampling the filter coefficients by a factor of $$2^{(j-1)}$$ in the $$j$$th level of the algorithm. The SWT is an inherently redundant scheme as the output of each level of SWT contains the same number of samples as the input – so for a decomposition of N levels there is a redundancy of N in the wavelet coefficients. This algorithm is more famously known as "algorithme à trous" in French (word trous means holes in English) which refers to inserting zeros in the filters. It was introduced by Holschneider et al.

Definition
The basic discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithm is adapted to yield a stationary wavelet transform (SWT) which is independent of the origin. The approach of the SWT is simple, which is by applying suitable high-pass and low-pass filters to the data at each level, resulting in the generation of two sequences at the subsequent level. Without employment of downsampling techniques, the length of the new sequences is maintained to be the same as the original sequences. Rather than employing decimation similar to the standard wavelet transform which removes elements, the filters at each level are adjusted by augmenting them with zero-padding, as explained in the following:

$${Zx}_{2j}=x_j,\ {Zx}_{2j+1}=0\ for\ all\ integers\ j$$

$$D_0^rH^{\left[r\right]}=HD_0^r$$

$$D_0^rG^{\left[r\right]}=GD_0^r$$

where $$Z$$ is the operator that intersperses a given sequence with zeros, for all integers $$j$$.

$$D_0^r$$ is the binary decimation operator

$$H^{\left[r\right]}$$ is a filter with weights $${h_{2^r}^{\left[r\right]}}_j=h_j\ and\ h_k^{\left[r\right]}=0\ if\ k\ is\ not\ a\ multiple\ of\ 2^r.$$

$$G^{\left[r\right]}$$ is a filter with weights $${g_{2^r}^{\left[r\right]}}_j=h_j\ and\ g_k^{\left[r\right]}=0\ if\ k\ is\ not\ a\ multiple\ of\ 2^r.$$

The design of the filters $$H^{\left[r\right]}$$ and $$G^{\left[r\right]}$$ involve of inserting a zero between every adjacent pair of elements in the filter $$H^{\left[r-1\right]}$$ and $$G^{\left[r-1\right]}$$ respectively.

The designation of $$a^J$$ as the original sequence $$c^J$$ is required before defining the stationary wavelet transform.

$$a^{j-1}=H^{\left[J-j\right]}a^j,\ for\ j=J,J-1,\ \ldots\ ,1\ $$

$$b^{j-1}=G^{\left[J-j\right]}a^j,for\ j=J,J-1,\ \ldots\ ,1$$

where $$a^j=b^j,\ if\ length\ of\ a^j=2^J$$

Implementation
The following block diagram depicts the digital implementation of SWT.

In the above diagram, filters in each level are up-sampled versions of the previous (see figure below).

Applications
A few applications of SWT are specified below.

Image enhancement
The SWT can be used to perform image resolution enhancement to provide a better image quality. The main drawback from enhancing image resolution through conventional method, interpolation, is the loss of the high frequency components. This results in the smoothing of interpolation, providing a blurry image with the absence or reduced presence of fine details, sharp edges. Information of high frequency components (edges) are crucial for achieving better image quality of super-resolved image.

It first decomposes the input image into various subband images by applying a one-level DWT. There are three subband images to capture the high frequency components of the input image. After that is the implementation of SWT, its purpose is to mitigate the information loss produced by the downsampling in each DWT subband. Fortified and corrected high frequency subbands are formed by summing up the high frequency subbands from DWT and SWT, and as a result, the output image is with sharpen edges.

Signal denoising
The traditional denoising procedure mainly consist of first transforming the signal to another domain, then apply thresholding, and lastly perform inverse transformation to reconstruct the original signal. Stationary wavelet transform is introduced to resolve the Gibbs phenomenon brought by the shifting process in discrete wavelet transform. This phenomenon affects the image quality (noises) after the reconstruction process. The modified procedure is simple, by first perform stationary wavelet transform to the signal, thresholding, and finally transforming back. A brief explanation is shown as following:

Unlike the discrete wavelet transform, SWT does not downsample the signal at each level. Instead, it maintains the original sampling rate throughout the decomposition process, and this ensures the encapsulation of high, low-frequency components in an effective way. As the noise is often spread across all scales, with small contribution in magnitude, thresholding is implemented as the next step to the wavelet coefficients. Coefficients below a certain threshold level are set to zero or reduced, resulting in the separation of the signal from the noise. After removing or suppression of the noise coefficients, which the reconstruction progress does not consider them, the denoised signal is clearer.

Signal denoising is also commonly used in biomedical signal denoising (ECG), image denoising. The effectiveness of SWT in signal denoising makes it a valuable tool in real-world applications in various fields.
 * Pattern recognition
 * Brain image classification
 * Pathological brain detection

Code Example
Here is an example of applying the stationary wavelet transform to the chirp signal, coded with python3:

 * 1) Install required packages to python
 * 2) Import libraries in python
 * 3) Main code
 * 4) Output Plot of the code output.png

Synonyms

 * Redundant wavelet transform
 * Algorithme à trous
 * Quasi-continuous wavelet transform
 * Translation invariant wavelet transform
 * Shift invariant wavelet transform
 * Cycle spinning
 * Maximal overlap wavelet transform (MODWT)
 * Undecimated wavelet transform (UWT)

title: Stationary wavelet transform