text:
Bicton, Western Australia

Bicton is an affluent riverside suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located 10 km south-west of the central business district. The suburb is mostly residential, and falls within the City of Melville local government area. Bicton borders the Swan River to the north, with the northern third of the suburb taken up by a Class-A reserve at Point Walter.

Originally settled in the 1830s, when a large vineyard was established, Bicton was mainly rural until the subdivision of the former Bicton Racecourse, beginning in 1919. Further subdivisions of the Castle Hill area in 1921 established the suburb as a middle-class area of Fremantle. Bicton underwent further expansion after the conclusion of World War II. Now with a large demographic of business owners and high net worth individuals, Bicton is considered one of the most affluent riverside suburbs in Perth.

History
Prior to European settlement, the Beeliar subgroup of the Noongar Aboriginal people obtained food and drinking water from the river edges and open grassy areas. The sandbar at Point Walter was used as one of the few river crossing between the mouth of the river and The Narrows. The area around Point Walter was known as Dyoondalup in the local language, meaning "place of white sand", and featured in local creation myths. The area along the East Fremantle and Bicton foreshores, extending into Blackwall Reach, was called Quaada gabee, meaning "beautiful water", and included a number of freshwater springs.

The Swan River Colony was declared by Charles Fremantle in April 1829, however, Bicton was not settled until 1830, when four land grants were given to John Hole Duffield, who had arrived on Warrior in March 1830, Alfred Waylen, Joseph Cooper and William Hapgood. The area was named after the village of Bicton in East Devon, where Duffield had previously had an estate. Duffield planted the colony's first commercially-operating vineyard, comprising 5,700 vines, in 1845. His son, James Hole Duffield, and another worker, John Luff, died on 30 March 1860 after they were buried alive in what the Perth Gazette called "a lamentable accident" while attempting to sink a well on Duffield's property.

The Bicton Racecourse was established in 1904 on land leased by the Higham family after the closure of the South Fremantle Racecourse. The course was closed in 1917 after the passing of the WA Racing Restrictions Act. The former racecourse was subdivided into suburban blocks in 1919, and the Castle Hill area, close to Point Walter, was subdivided in 1921 by Gold Estates. Further development occurred after the conclusion of the Second World War.

Geography and geology
Bicton is bounded by Petra Street to the west, Stock Road to the east, Canning Highway to the south and the Swan River to the north (Melville Water) and northwest (Blackwall Reach). Apart from the reserve and golf course at Point Walter, almost all of Bicton is residential. Bicton is one of the most hilly coastal suburbs of Perth, with Castle Hill the most prominent hill. The suburb has several beaches, most notably at Bicton Baths, Point Walter and along the Bicton foreshore. The suburb lies on the Swan Coastal Plain. Much of Bicton is situated on limestone base-rock, with the cliffs at Blackwall Reach composed entirely of limestone. Many houses, especially those built around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, were built on limestone foundations quarried from Bicton. Bicton's soil is generally sandy and infertile.

Swan River
The Bicton foreshore has been a popular place for families to visit. Barely 20 metres from Bicton Baths is a grass area with a square jetty that is a popular destination for swimming, fishing and other water activities.

Facilities
The Melville Water Polo Club and Bicton Swimming Club are based at Bicton Pool overlooking the river, which was established as a baths in 1926 by the swimming club. Two teams competing in the Australian National Water Polo League, the Fremantle Mariners (men's), and the Fremantle Marlins (women's), play their home games at the pool. The Tom Hoad Cup, an international water polo tournament, has been held yearly since 2003 at the pool. A cricket club, the Bicton Junior Cricket Club, was originally formed for school- and church-run competitions around 1923. The club is currently based at Troy Park in Attadale but still plays occasional games at Bicton Primary School.

Three shopping facilities are located in the suburb, as well as a strip mall extending along most of Canning Highway. Two churches – St. Christophers Anglican Church and Bicton Presbyterian Church – are located within the borders of Bicton, while the Bicton Uniting Church is located in the neighbouring suburb of Palmyra. Three aged care facilities – Carinya of Bicton, Braemar Lodge and Craigview Grove are located in Bicton. The Bicton-Palmyra subchapter of the Returned and Services League (RSL) is located on Foss Street. The Leopold Hotel is located on the corner of Point Walter Road and Canning Highway, and was listed on the Statewide Hotel Survey undertaken by the Heritage Council of Western Australia in 1999. There are also a number of residences, facilities and reserves listed with the Heritage Council. A quarantine station operated by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Fremantle Quarantine Station, opened in 1916 to service the port of Fremantle. The station close in 1983, moving to Byford, with part of the land being subdivided and the rest becoming the Quarantine Park, with the jetty converted to use for recreational purposes.

There are five public parks operated by the City of Melville located in Bicton: Bicton Quarantine Park, Fred Jones Reserve, Harry Grose Reserve, John Dickinson Reserve, and Rod Campbell Park, as well as reserves located at Bicton Baths (including Bicton Pool), Blackwall Reach and Point Walter. An eight-hole golf course, Point Walter Golf Course, and tennis courts, are also located at Point Walter. The suburb also includes several playgrounds and bicycle and walking paths along the shores of the Swan River.

Education
The suburb contains one state-run primary school, Bicton Primary School, established in 1904 and located on View Terrace. As of semester one, 2011, the school has a total enrolment of 410 students, consisting of 40 kindergarten, 54 pre-primary, and 316 primary students. Bicton is occasionally used by the local community, and shares the hosting of an annual fête with other local schools. The school is located within the catchment area of Melville Senior High School, having previously fallen within the John Curtin College of the Arts catchment area. Bicton Primary School is used as a polling booth by the Western Australian Electoral Commission for both state and federal elections. A small tornado in May 2005 caused significant damage in the Bicton area, causing $6 million damage to the school. This resulted in the closure of the school for four weeks.

Transport
Canning Highway, running between Fremantle and The Causeway in Victoria Park, makes up the southern border of the suburb. Other major roads include Petra Street, making up the western border, Stock Road, making up the eastern border, and Preston Point Road, running through the suburb. Bicton is served by the 148 and 158 Transperth bus routes from Fremantle station, as well as services along Canning Highway, the 910 (previously the 106) and the 111. The 765 school special runs through Bicton during the school term. All services are operated by Swan Transit.

A tramway network, Fremantle Municipal Tramways, operated a branch line to Point Walter between 1915 and 1939, by way of Canning Road and Point Walter Road. The opening of this line helped to develop Point Walter into a popular resort and place of entertainment. Along with the trams came electric lighting, and, soon afterwards, shops and restaurants. Entertainment at Point Walter included McNamara's Band, and panoramic views of the Swan River.

Politics
Bicton has one polling booth in federal and state elections, located at Bicton Primary School. At federal level, Bicton is located within the Division of Tangney. At state level, Bicton is located in the district of Bicton, which was created for the 2017 state election. In the Western Australian Legislative Council, Bicton falls into the electoral region of South Metropolitan. At local government level, Bicton is part of the Bicton-Attadale Ward of the City of Melville, along with Attadale. Bicton-Attadale elects two councillors, currently June Barton (term expiring 2013) and Susanne Taylor-Rees (term expiring 2015).

title: Bicton, Western Australia


text:
Talk:University of Pretoria

University size
What is the point of saying it is dwarfed by the non-contact university of south africa? UP is the biggest contact university, the statement sounds sort of propogandish to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bertus (talk • contribs)

 * That "propogandish" statement is true Jediwannabe 06:03, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

UNISA has over 100,000 students - Carl Edwin Lindgren, DEd (UNISA)Royalhistorian (talk) 02:09, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The TUT, UJ and Tukkies pages all claim to be the largest contact university in South Africa. Could this matter be clarified? The TUT website does claim it has approximately 60 000 residential students[]. This is certainly more than Tukkies. I propose the Tukkies page be edited in accordance. Any Comment?Purple Duke (talk) 15:34, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe the page now reflects the facts in a clear manner.Purple Duke (talk) 16:20, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Racial Statistics
Why all the statistics on the colour of the students? Does the skin color of an organisation's students mean anything to anyone?
 * Questions of transformation (affirmative action etc.) are quite sensitive at the moment at SA universities, particularly with respect to admissions policies. Thus the statistics are of importance (much though one may be saddened that we continue to classify people by skin colour). - htonl 23:22, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

I came to this page wondering why there were NOT ANY racial or ethnic statistics in the entire article. I have also noticed that such figures are curiously missing from a number of articles relating to South African institutions. I can only conclude that someone is systematically removing this information for their own personal or political reasons. Spark240 (talk) 22:26, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

 * This is Wikipedia. Information only gets added to an article if (a) someone can be bothered to do it and (b) there's a source for it somewhere. It doesn't have to be some kind of grand political conspiracy. - htonl (talk) 22:48, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

 * You misunderstand. I'm saying that information which WAS previously present in a number of articles about South African institutions, including this one--information which you identified as important on 20 October 2007--has disappeared with no explanation. And I do not suggest a "grand conspiracy," merely the actions of one or two editors whose motivation is something other than making Wikipedia articles the best they can be. Spark240 (talk) 02:22, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Have you identified who removed the information? Could you point out some other articles on which it occurred, so that we could look to see if there is a pattern? - htonl (talk) 03:29, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, so I searched through the article history. The "Student profile" section was removed by User:Johnathan colin in this edit. He's currently blocked, but for copyright violation issues, not POV issues. But his edits seem to be restricted to UP-related topics, so there's nothing "systematic" going on here, at least. - htonl (talk) 03:38, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

Neutrality
This article isn't written in a neutral fashion and should be checked. Is there anyone that feels the same? Niël 04:14, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

If agreeable, I would like to rework it. Would this be alright? Royalhistorian (talk) 02:09, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Innovation generation.gif
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TUC
Why does the Transvaal University College automatically go to the Wits page? Wits used the name between 1906 and 1910, while Tuks used it from 1908 to 1930. TUC was the forerunner to Tuks, while Wits used the name temporarily. TUC should therefore go to either the Tuks page or its own page and not Wits. Any comment? 41.18.208.162 (talk) 19:36, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

The redirect page has been changed. 18:19, 19 August 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.16.143.232 (talk)

Rankings
Could someone please expand the ranking section? 41.14.227.157 (talk) 19:59, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Done Purple Duke (talk) 19:17, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Partnerships and Aliances
I propose that the information regarding FOTIM and Gaelic in the Partnerships and Alliances section be moved to their respective sites and be removed from the university's page. Any objections?Johnathan colin (talk) 10:10, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

The section has been moved.Johnathan colin (talk) 14:11, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

Copyright infringement
With this series of edits on September 17, text was introduced into this article that was previously published elsewhere on the internet. For example, the passages beginning "During its 100 years of existence...." was published here in February of 2008 and in this pdf. Edits in July, here, introduced text copied from. The article has been blanked to the violation of copyright, and it will need to be carefully compared by an administrator to ensure that when restored no copyrighted material remains. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:11, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I assume that this copy right infringement included the History section, since there is no such section or maybe there was no such section? I'd like to try and establish such section. Any help and pointers will be welcome, especially as I'm new to editing and fear infringing on someone’s copyright myself.Purple Duke (talk) 18:55, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

 * There may be additional issues; the matter comes ripe for administrator investigation tomorrow. However, I see that a contributor has removed the visible infringement already, and, yes, it involved deleting the history section. You are more than welcome to add information on the history. To avoid copyright infringement with respect to text, you should put material into your own words, avoiding close paraphrasing. You are welcome to use brief quotations of copyrighted text in accordance with non-free content guideline and policy, but should be sure to cite your sources when doing so. Even you cite sources, our policies do not permit extensive duplication of copyrighted text. Hope this helps. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 19:15, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll attempt to do my best. I'm sure you’ll let me know if I flounder.Purple Duke (talk) 20:17, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Community Outreach Cleanup
I propose the community outreach section be reduced to 2 meaningful referenced paragraphs in accordance with the cleanup request. Does anyone object or propose a different route? What is the original contributor's opinion?Purple Duke (talk) 13:43, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Largest provider of athletes to the various national teams
I can't find a refrence for "largest provider of athletes to the various national teams" - if someone else can't I propose the statement be removed.Purple Duke (talk) 15:47, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Anton van Wouw House
Can anyone verify that the Anton van Wouw house is a Dutch national monument, I can't find any refrences?Purple Duke (talk) 16:47, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

Information Technology
I don't believe the Information Technology section is of an encyclopedic nature and warrants removal.Purple Duke (talk) 18:06, 1 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Done Purple Duke (talk) 19:16, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Vice-Chancellor and Principal
This section requires expansion.Purple Duke (talk) 14:05, 2 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Done Purple Duke (talk) 19:15, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

University Anthem
I believe that, if properly referenced, the lyrics to the university's anthem warrant inclusion in the article. In this regard see University of Pittsburgh Alma Mater, Notre Dame, Our Mother, Fight on, Pennsylvania! etc. Purple Duke (talk) 20:52, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:University of Pretoria


text:
John Fox (American football)

John Fox (born February 8, 1955) is an American football coach and former player who previously was a senior defensive assistant for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He was the head coach of the Carolina Panthers (2002–2010), Denver Broncos (2011–2014) and Chicago Bears (2015–2017) of the National Football League (NFL). He coached the Panthers to Super Bowl XXXVIII and the Broncos to Super Bowl XLVIII.

Playing career
Fox played football at Castle Park High School in Chula Vista, California under local celebrated coaches Gil Warren and Reldon "Bing" Dawson, and Southwestern College also in Chula Vista from 1974 to 1975, before going to San Diego State, where he played defensive back with future NFL player and head coach Herman Edwards. Fox received a bachelor's degree in physical education and earned teaching credentials from San Diego State. He then proceeded to the NFL as a free agent and signed a two-year contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. After that contract was over he retired from the NFL.

Early years
Fox was defensive backs coach at U.S. International University. Sid Gillman, past head coach of the San Diego Chargers, was the athletic director at the time. In 1980, Fox was the defensive backs coach for the Boise State University Broncos when they won the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship. In 1983, Fox was a member of Mike Gottfried's University of Kansas staff, as the secondary coach. Fox followed Gottfried to the University of Pittsburgh when Gottfried became Head Coach at Pitt in 1986. Fox was first the Defensive Backs coach and then was promoted to Defensive Coordinator by Gottfried. While at Pitt, Fox made some contacts with Pittsburgh Steeler coaches and when Gottfried was let go by Pitt, Fox got his first NFL coaching gig with the Steelers.

USFL career
Fox began his first professional football coaching stint in the short-lived United States Football League with the Los Angeles Express in 1985.

NFL career
He entered the NFL in 1989 as the secondary coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, later also holding this job with the San Diego Chargers. Fox was the defensive coordinator for the Los Angeles Raiders and later that of the New York Giants during Super Bowl XXXV, which they lost.

Carolina Panthers
On January 25, 2002, Fox was signed as the third head coach of the Carolina Panthers, whose previous coach George Seifert had led the team to a disastrous 1-15 record in 2001, including 15 consecutive losses to end the season. Fox's first regular season game was a 10–7 victory over the Baltimore Ravens which ended the Panthers' 15-game losing streak dating to the previous season. Fox and the Panthers posted a 7–9 record for the 2002 season (his first with the team), demonstrating a drastic improvement over the previous season.

In the 2003 season Fox led the Panthers to Super Bowl XXXVIII, losing 32–29 to the New England Patriots on a last-second field goal by Adam Vinatieri. Fox joined Vince Lombardi as the only other coach to inherit a team that had won only one game in the season prior, and then take that team to an NFL Championship game. Fox also took the Carolina Panthers to the NFC Championship game in the 2005 season, but they were defeated by the Seattle Seahawks.

The 2006 season was disappointing for Fox and the Panthers, as a team that had Super Bowl aspirations finished 8-8 and out of the playoffs.

The 2007 season saw the team finish with a record of 7–9, before finishing with a 12–4 record in the 2008 season, again heading to the playoffs in which they were beaten by the Arizona Cardinals.

The 2009 season was disappointing to Fox and the Panthers much like 2006. The Panthers finished the season 8-8 and in third place in the NFC South division, missing the playoffs again.

The 2010 season saw the Panthers finish last in the league, at 2–14. As of this time, Fox was one of only two coaches, and the only one as a head coach, still working on the NFL sidelines that was once a member of former Pittsburgh Steelers head coach Chuck Noll's coaching staff, the other being Minnesota Vikings wide receivers coach George Stewart. Tom Moore, currently an offensive consultant for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, is still active in the league but works from home.

On December 31, 2010, Carolina Panthers owner Jerry Richardson announced that he would not be renewing Fox's contract at the conclusion of the 2010 season.

Denver Broncos
On January 13, 2011, Fox was selected to be the 14th head coach of the Denver Broncos. He was signed to a 4-year $14 million deal. He was chosen by the Broncos out of a list of five possible head coach candidates that included Broncos interim head coach and running backs coach Eric Studesville, Atlanta Falcons offensive coordinator Dirk Koetter, Houston Texans offensive coordinator Rick Dennison and New York Giants defensive coordinator Perry Fewell. Fox was chosen based on his previous head coaching experience plus his 20+ years as an NFL coach. At the conclusion of the 2011 season, the Broncos finished tied for 3rd in the NFL in sacks and 1st in rushing offense, again with Fox.

In April 2012, Fox received a three-year contract extension worth between $5 million and $6 million per year, replacing his contract that expired at the end of the 2014 NFL season.

In week two of the 2012 season, Fox was fined $30,000 for chiding the replacement officials. The Broncos would go on to win their last 11 games after a 2–3 start. In week 17 of the 2012 season, Fox won his 100th career game as an NFL head coach, including the playoffs, beating the Kansas City Chiefs 38–3. However, the Broncos were upset in the divisional playoffs to the Baltimore Ravens, in double-overtime.

Owing to a cardiac-related issue, starting with week 10 of 2013, Fox was replaced by Broncos defensive coordinator Jack Del Rio as Fox underwent an aortic valve replacement. Fox, while playing golf in North Carolina near his offseason home in Charlotte during the Broncos bye week, reported feeling dizzy and was taken for examination to the hospital, where doctors told him not to put off valve replacement surgery any longer; he had done so earlier in the year to continue coaching this season. On November 4, Fox temporarily relinquished his head coaching duties, and Del Rio was named interim head coach for the remainder of the 2013 season regular season. Fox then underwent successful aortic valve replacement surgery.

In the 2013 NFL season, quarterback Peyton Manning threw for 5,477 yards and 55 touchdowns, both records, and the offense combined for 7,317 yards, also a record. Fox coached the Broncos to Super Bowl XLVIII, where they played the NFC champion Seattle Seahawks. He is one of four head coaches to win both an NFC and an AFC championship game along with Bill Parcells, Dan Reeves, and Andy Reid, and one of seven coaches to reach the Super Bowl with multiple teams. On February 2, 2014, the Broncos lost to the Seahawks 43–8.

Fox coached the Broncos to another strong season in 2014; the Broncos finished the regular season 12–4. They earned the AFC's number 2 seed and a first-round playoff bye. Hosting Peyton Manning's former team, the Indianapolis Colts at home in the Divisional Round, the Broncos were upset 24–13 and were eliminated from the playoffs.

On January 12, 2015, the day after Denver lost in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, Fox and the Broncos mutually agreed to part ways. Fox left the Broncos with the highest regular season win percentage in team history. However, general manager John Elway felt the Broncos hadn't shown enough fight at critical times in the playoffs.

Fox is only the second head coach in NFL history to win four straight division titles since joining a new team; He is also the only head coach in Broncos history to have never missed the playoffs in their tenure.

As of 2024 Fox is the last Broncos coach to lose a playoff game.

Chicago Bears
On January 16, 2015, Fox accepted a four-year deal to become head coach of the Chicago Bears. Fox led the Bears to a 6–10 record in his first season, only the second time in his career where he had double-digit losses. In the third game of the season, a 26-0 road loss against the Seattle Seahawks, the Bears punted on all of its ten possessions, the only time a team has punted on all of its possessions at least since 1980.

Fox finished his second season with the Bears with a 3–13 record, tied for the worst record for the Bears since the NFL changed to a 16-game season, as well as the first consecutive losing season in Fox's head coaching career.

After a 1–3 start in 2017, Fox benched quarterback Mike Glennon in favor of rookie Mitchell Trubisky in Week 5. With Trubisky, the Bears finished the season 5–11, and Fox was fired at the season's end on January 1, 2018. His overall record with the Bears was 14–34, the second-lowest win percentage in franchise history, as the team failed to record a winning streak longer than two games and finished last in the NFC North in all three seasons.

Indianapolis Colts
On March 27, 2022, it was announced that Fox was hired by the Indianapolis Colts to be their senior defensive assistant under head coach Frank Reich. This was Fox's first coaching position after a 5-year hiatus and his first as an assistant coach in 21 years.

Detroit Lions
On February 28, 2023, it was announced that Fox was hired by the Detroit Lions to be their senior defensive assistant.

Broadcasting career
On March 20, 2018, ESPN announced that Fox would be hired to work as a studio analyst for NFL Live.

Personal life
Fox was born in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and raised in San Diego, California, after moving there at age 15. His step-father, Ron, was a US Navy SEAL. Fox and his wife, Robin, have four children. Known to his friends as "Foxy", he is an active community leader in the Carolinas. He and his wife co-chair the annual Angels & Stars Gala, which benefits St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

title: John Fox (American football)


text:
File:Singles poster.jpg

Movie poster for Singles (1992)

Fair use in Singles (1992 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It illustrates an educational article about the film from which the film poster illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the film poster illustration will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the film.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:Singles poster.jpg


text:
Party of the Left

Party of the Left may refer to:
 * The Left (Germany)
 * Party of the Left (France)
 * Party of the Left, a party of the Yale Political Union

title: Party of the Left


text:
Talk:Martin Short

Discussion
right now, "jiminy glick" redirects to martin short. shouldn't there be some sort of character bio, a la Borat or Ali G? Lockeownzj00 07:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Martin Short has opened in the musical "Fame Becomes Me" in San Francisco. Any reviews yet? It's still in previews, but fan opinion would be appreciated (or links to it)

Marty Schwartz?
Is there any truth that his name used to be Marty Schwartz? - Richardcavell 02:56, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * " His father was Charles Short "  -I'm gonna guess "No". Mattwilkins 19:06, 30 May 2006 (UTC)
 * He claims to be Irish-Catholic, so Schwartz doesn't fit with that story. JettaMann (talk) 23:14, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

What is the proof that he is Irish - Catholic?

Listing of famous patrons
Why are all these listed (for the opening of Fame Becomes Me)? What bearing does their listing have on the work of Martin Short?

Additionally, the Troubles in N. Ireland would not have prompted Marty's father to come over because the Troubles started in '69, if memory serves, at which time Marty would have been 19. -71.110.217.107 07:27, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Addressing your second comment, the link nicknamed "Troubles" leads to an article named "Irish War for Independence" that discusses a conflict which began in 1919, according to the article. Is the nickname wrong?  Should the nickname be changed and replaces with a link named after the article itself?  The article itself seems to be correct.

 * As for your first, the turnout at his opening night has huge bearing on his star power. The fact that Oscar and Tony winners came out to support him is very indicative of his level of fame and the respect for him within the industry, so I think it's hugely relevant to his career.  But even if it weren't, the article's not about his work, it's about him (despite the fact that his work is the reason the article exists).  Therefore, mentions of his family and friends are relevant even if they aren't related to his work, but in this case, they are. Layla12275 22:03, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Changes
I made some changes to the article....

 * I removed a LOT of extraneous references to other people - the opening night attendees, his neighbors, and a lot of information about his wife. A lot of it either wasn't pertinent to him, or was just not encyclopedic. His wife sounds like she is an artist in her own right - if so, she deserves an article of her own, then. I realize that someone else commented with a different opinion, but there is no way that listing 50 names can be "relevant" to his work....there was actually more column space including that list than there was about some aspects of his work.

 * I also grouped items together - career, awards and recognition, and family/personal life.

NickBurns 20:06, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The quotes pertain to his characters, and therefore should probably stay in the article, but it would be my humble opinion that the quotes section probably needs to stay the same size, and also that quotes should go to Wikiquote, which is the best repository for them.

Gungasdindin 15:31, 10 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Short's summer home is on Lake Rosseau, not Lake Muskoka. It's pretty clear in the article.

Martin Short – British author
Is there any information on this person that could lead to an article eventually? __meco (talk) 18:13, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Nancy Dolman's death
Someone referenced E! as saying that cancer was the cause of death. yes, E! did say that, however I'd question their reasoning. I read the little article and there is no official confirmation. E! just speculated based on the fact that she had cancer in 2007, Marymoss (talk) 14:31, 24 August 2010 (UTC)]

Marriage dates
The article says he was married to his wife from 1980 to 2010, but in an interview today he says he's been married 36 years. Kathie Gifford obviously didn't realize his wife was dead, so he politely doesn't point that out. Even so, 1980 is only 32 years ago. Possibly he made a mistake, but it seems more likely the article is in error. 98.65.200.182 (talk) 01:36, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley?
Why is this show not listed in the TV filmography? Kakashi64 (talk) 14:11, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

"Names" of one-man show
The article cited as the reference for the supposedly many names of Short's one-man show does not actually say that those names had been used for the show; rather it quotes Short as saying those were alternate names he had "considered" using; from the context one gets the idea that he was being facetious. "Sunday in the Park with George Michael" is obviously a reference to the Sondheim show Sunday in the Park with George and the incident where George Michael was arrested in a park for indecent exposure; this hardly sounds like a "serious" title for a one-man comedy show which obviously did not in any way actually feature Mr. Michael. 2600:1004:B12E:408D:B029:D7E7:58E1:ED64 (talk) 03:34, 22 September 2015 (UTC)

Birthdate source
According to this article, it confirms that his birthdate is March 26, 1950. If no one objects, I'm going to add it as a source. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 05:06, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

Hamilton Days
Hello Marty watch you on TV many nights.love the show & so enjoy your humour..notice Cdn spelling EH!!!.it Cheryl Banks Flynn..Dennis Flynn’s wife..Westdale Days who died 5 yrs ago…your brother Michael..”Short” was in our wedding after he & Dennis used to skip school to shoot pool at Bonks pool Hall..D died several years ago..we live in Redlands Ca. D was a Physician/ Medical Director I was Cheryl Banks..Karen Banks my sister your classmate..Wonder where you & your brother are here in California? Susan told me Michael OBrien passed away several years ago…and Thinking about you & Michael how you both are after all you & I we were in Kindergarten together at GRAllen…then .Dalewood & Westdale….and our Wedding & wonder of wonders we are all still only “39”🤔🤔🤔 Well never was good at Math..Maj Allen at Westdale would have heartily endorsed how “dreadful” I was!!! Best to you your family, & dear “Short” as D called him!!! Fondly Cheryl Banks Flynn 2603:8001:BE00:63:B0AB:2E21:4927:774F (talk) 06:27, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martin Short


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/MrRat

 * Hello, only a small comment from my site, sorry for my bad english, my native language is german. MrRat wrote the first open source application for Amazon Webservices AWS. His amazon products feed (APF) is one of the most suggested software from Amazon.com and in my opinion the most used Amazon software worldwide. (Most used affiliate software worldwide...) It is open source so everyone can use it without profit for MrRat and thats the best on it, because he coded this script for tousands of affiliates and websites in the world who earn money whith it every day. For me this script was the start in the world of webservices and XML and I'm sure without it webservices, Amazon usage of XML wo't be what it is today. Regards from Germany Frank — (Unsigned comment by 194.138.39.52; user's 37th edit. Contribution history suggests this is an IP shared by many editors.)
 * KEEP the Mr. Rat Entry in Wikipedia. Mr. Rat's script is the most widely used of the Amazon API scripts.  It has literally HUNDREDS of hacks and mods written for it and posted on the web, and probably THOUSANDS including those which are proprietary. The product is an open source script used by THOUSANDS of users on TENS-of-THOUSANDS of websites, and with a built-in ability to load and run special mods. Mr. Rat is nothing short of a PHENOMENON in the world of API scripting for automated web page creation, and his scripts work on the world's largest and most widely-distributed API - the Amazon.com API. Deleting Mr. Rat from the Wikipedia would show an extraordinary IGNORANCE of what is happening in the world of API scripting - a massive and growing phenomenon with THOUSANDS of users and TENS of THOUSANDS of websites. Come on Wikipedia, what's going on?   Does the category manager really not know of Mr. Rat?   Let's get with the program here. KEEP Mr. Rat entry.   Do NOT delete it. Kent Nelson http://www.hostingdude.com — (Unsigned comment by 68.202.167.253; user's 1st edit.)
 * Ditto everything in the above posting from HostingDude.com KEEP Mr. Rat. Mr. Rat's script is the finest and most widely used on the Amazon API.  I run hundreds of websites using it. DO NOT delete the Mr. Rat Entry. Ana Malave, Owner http://www.anabooks.com — (Duplicate vote by 68.202.167.253; user's 2nd edit.)
 * STRONG DISAGREE - As an avid and long time user of MrRat's scripts, I don't see what the hub bub is about here. He is an established author of widely used programs. I can't believe it was even considered for deletion. Seems like sour grapes from the competition to me and if allowed to be deleted for such a reason it brings the viablity of Wikipedia itself into question. — (Unsigned comment by Piwacket; user's 1st and only edit so far.)


text:
John Clark

John Clark may refer to:

Entertainment

 * John Clark or Signor Brocolini (1841–1906), Irish-born American operatic singer and actor
 * John Clark (English actor) (1932–2023), English actor and theatre director
 * John Clark (American actor) (1933–2011), mainly in Spaghetti Westerns
 * John Clark (musician) (born 1944), American jazz horn player and composer
 * John Clark (born 1978), Scottish indie/electronic musician from the band Bis who is also known as John Disco
 * John Drury Clark (1907–1988), American author, chemist and rocket scientist
 * John Heaviside Clark (c. 1771–1836), Scottish engraver and painter

Military

 * John Clark (spy), American spy during the American Revolutionary War
 * John George Walters Clark (1892–1948), British army officer
 * John W. Clark (Medal of Honor) (1830–1898), American soldier in the American Civil War

American

 * John Clark (Delaware governor) (1761–1821), American governor and farmer of Delaware
 * John Clark (Georgia governor) (1766–1832), American politician and governor of Georgia
 * John Clark (Minnesota politician) (c. 1825–1904), Minnesota state senator
 * John Clark (Utah politician) (1834–1908), mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah
 * John Bullock Clark (1802–1885), American politician and U.S. representative from Missouri and Confederate congressman
 * John Bullock Clark Jr. (1831–1903), American politician and U.S. representative from Missouri
 * John C. Clark (1793–1852), American politician and U.S. representative from New York
 * John Davidson Clark (1884–1961), American lawyer, member of the Council of Economic Advisers (1946–1953)
 * John E. Clark (politician) (1910–2003), American politician and judge
 * John F. Clark, ninth director of the United States Marshals Service
 * John Gee Clark (1890–1984), member of the California legislature
 * John M. Clark (1821–1902), Sheriff of Suffolk County, Massachusetts
 * John T. Clark, American politician and civil engineer from New York

Canadian

 * John Clark (Canadian politician) (1835–1896), Scottish-born politician in Ontario, Canada
 * John Arthur Clark (1886–1976), Conservative member of the Canadian House of Commons
 * John Etter Clark (1915–1956), member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, 1952–1959

Other

 * John Allworth Clark (1846–1932), Australian politician - mayor of Brisbane
 * John Clark (Roundhead) (fl. 1650s), English member of parliament and colonel in Cromwell's army
 * John Harrison Clark (c. 1860–1927), Cape Colony adventurer who ruled much of southern Zambia
 * John Clark (Australian politician) (1907–1984), sat in the South Australian House of Assembly

Science and academics

 * John Clark (1785–1853), British printer and inventor
 * John Brown Clark (1861–1947), mathematician, Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
 * J. Desmond Clark (1916–2002), British archaeologist
 * J. P. Clark (John Pepper Clark-Bekederemo, 1935–2020), Nigerian poet and professor
 * John Bates Clark (1847–1938), American economist
 * John Drury Clark (1907–1988), American author (as John D. Clark), chemist and rocket scientist
 * John E. Clark (born 1952), American anthropologist
 * John Frank Clark, American Africanist and professor of International Relations
 * John Gordon Clark (1926–1999), Harvard psychiatrist and pioneer cult researcher
 * John Maurice Clark (1884–1963), American economist
 * John S. Clark (1885–1956), Scottish entomologist
 * John Walter Clark (born 1935), American physicist
 * John Willis Clark (1833–1910), English academic and antiquarian

Sports

 * John Clark (basketball), member of the Northeastern University athletics Hall of Fame
 * John Clark (boxer) (1849–1922), Irish-American bare-knuckle boxer
 * Johnny Clark (1947–2020), English boxer
 * John Clark (cricketer) (born 1928), Australian cricketer
 * John Clark (English footballer), footballer for Bradford City and Cardiff City
 * John Clark (footballer, born 1941), footballer formerly with Celtic F.C., one of the Lisbon Lions
 * John Clark (footballer, born 1964), footballer formerly with Dundee United
 * John Clark (motorcycle racer), British motorcycle racer
 * John Clark (rugby league) (died 2011), English rugby league footballer of the 1950s and 1960s
 * John Clark (Australian rower) (born 1948), Australian rower
 * John Clark (New Zealand rower) (born 1944), New Zealand rower

Other

 * John Clark (physician) (1744–1805), Scottish medical practitioner in Newcastle upon Tyne
 * John Clark (chaplain) (1784–1853), American clergyman who served as chaplain of the senate
 * John Clark (land agent) (died 1807), Scottish writer
 * John Kinzie Clark (1792–1865), trader, trapper and early settler in the Chicago area
 * John Howard Clark (1830–1878), editor of The South Australian Register, 1870–1877
 * John Kirkland Clark (1877–1963), New York City assistant district attorney
 * John Allen Clark (1926–2001), British businessman
 * John Clark (Tom Clancy character), character in Tom Clancy novels
 * John Clark Jr., detective in the American television series NYPD Blue

title: John Clark


text:
Dive (Sarah Brightman album)

Dive is the third studio album by English soprano Sarah Brightman. It is her first album with producer Frank Peterson, and a marked departure from her previous operatic works. Its unifying theme is water and the ocean. Four of the songs are covers: "Captain Nemo" was originally recorded in 1990 by Dive; "A Salty Dog" in 1969 by Procol Harum; and "Johnny Wanna Live" in 1992 by Sandra. Likewise, "Once in a Lifetime" is a cover of the Gregorian song from 1991's Sadisfaction, also produced by Frank Peterson, though with different lyrics alluding to BDSM.

Singles

 * "Captain Nemo" (1993)
 * "The Second Element" (1993)

Personnel

 * A.L.W. – background vocals
 * Sarah Brightman – keyboards, vocals, background vocals, producer
 * Dave Collins – mastering
 * Udo Dahmen – percussion, drums
 * Simon Fowler – photography
 * Matt Howe – engineer, overdub engineer
 * Ben Huellenkremer – bass
 * Gunther Laudahn – guitar, background vocals
 * Tom Leonhardt – guitar
 * The London Community Gospel Choir – background vocals
 * Matthias Meissner – arranger, keyboards
 * Frank Peterson – percussion, arranger, drums, keyboards, background vocals, producer, engineer, mixing
 * Thomas Schwarz – guitar, arranger, background vocals
 * Stylorouge – art direction, design
 * Michael Wehr – arranger, keyboards, background vocals, producer, engineer, mixing, digital engineer, audio frame systems operator, digital system operator
 * Peter Weihe – guitar
 * Koba Yashi – engineer, overdub engineer

title: Dive (Sarah Brightman album)


text:
Ray Evernham

Raymond Donald Evernham Jr. (born August 26, 1957) is an American consultant for Hendrick Companies, formerly an auto racing crew chief for Bill Davis Racing and Hendrick Motorsports, owner of his own team Evernham Motorsports from 2001 to 2010, and analyst for ESPN's NASCAR coverage. A three time Winston Cup Series Champion with driver Jeff Gordon, in 1999, Evernham won the NASCAR Winston Cup Illustrated "Person of the Year". Evernham was inducted to the NASCAR Hall of Fame, Class of 2018.

Evernham is the co-founder of the racing series Superstar Racing Experience (SRX).

Racer
Evernham was a modified racer. When he was 26 years old, he was hired by the International Race of Champions (IROC) as a chassis specialist. Drivers were impressed that he could translate what they were saying about the car's handling into technological adjustments.

He crashed at Flemington Speedway in the middle of the 1991 season. He damaged his brain stem, which left depth perception impairment. He said, "When you wreck that bad, you don't remember anything about it." As a driver, he added, "I couldn't meet my own expectations, and that frustrated the hell out of me." His accident prompted officials to put foam blocks in the corners to lessen impacts.

Crew chief
Evernham started working for NASCAR driver Alan Kulwicki at the end of 1991 after being the crew chief for Australian Touring car legend Dick Johnson in his team in 1989 and 1990. Their personalities clashed, and Evernham stayed with Kulwicki for six weeks before quitting at Daytona. As he was walking out of the garage area and NASCAR, Ford engineers Lee Morse and Preston Miller stopped him. They had worked directly with the Ford teams, including Kulwicki's, and they were impressed with Evernham. They suggested that Ford might find Evernham another assignment outside of NASCAR's top division (Winston Cup). Jeff Gordon had just become a Ford driver and he had mentioned that he would like to work with Evernham again. The two had worked briefly together in 1990, when Evernham had worked on some chassis setups for Gordon's Pontiac team. Evernham thought back to that brief time with Gordon, remembering, "From the first day we ever worked together, boom! We hit it off. We had fun, we did good, he was what I wanted, and I was what he wanted." Gordon's owner, Bill Davis Racing, did not want to hire Evernham for their NASCAR Busch Series team. "Bill Davis didn't want me," Evernham later recalled. "But Ford paid my salary to go and work for Bill Davis, because Jeff wanted me there so bad."

Evernham remained the crew chief for Gordon after he moved up into the Winston Cup Series for Hendrick Motorsports from the final race of the 1992 season to 1999. Gordon and Evernham won 47 Cup races, 3 Cup championships (1995, 1997, and 1998) and were the dominant team in NASCAR Cup competition at the time.

For his work as a crew chief, Evernham was voted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame's Class of 2018.

Pit stops
As the head of the "Rainbow Warriors" pit crew (referring to the rainbow paint schemes used on the car) Evernham is considered one of the innovators in improving the duration and efficiency of pit stops, the period where a driver receives new tires, fuel, repairs, and adjustments to the handling of the car. Instead of using the team's mechanics as the pit crew, Evernham created a group of specialists (often former athletes) who would train to perfect their assigned task (tire changing, tire carrying, jacking up the car, etc...). Much like professional sports teams Evernham incorporated choreography, put his crew members through strength and agility training, and analyzed pit stops on film between races to point out spots where his crew excelled or could improve. These methods led to the car spending less time in the pits, gaining spots on the race track. Evernham is credited with changing the expected duration of a 4-tire pit stop from over 20 seconds to less than 15.

Car owner
Evernham left Hendrick Motorsports and Gordon/Evernham Motorsports in 1999 to form his own team, Evernham Motorsports. The team ran debuted in the Winston Cup Series in 2000 out of Bill Elliott's race shop in a limited schedule with Casey Atwood. Evernham was also tabbed by Daimler Chrysler to bring Dodge back into prominence in NASCAR's elite racing series, leading the development of the Intrepid R/T race car that debuted in 2001. The team operated with direct factory backing and sponsorship from the nearly 3,000 Dodge Dealers, the Mopar performance brand, and the UAW. Evernham fielded cars in the Sprint Cup Series, Nationwide Series, and Craftsman Truck Series, as well as in the ARCA, USAC and Dodge Weekly Racing Series. Drivers for the team included Elliott, Atwood, Jeremy Mayfield, Kasey Kahne, Elliott Sadler, Erin Crocker, Patrick Carpentier, and Chase Miller. Bill Elliott gave the team its first win in 2001 at Homestead Miami Speedway.

On August 6, 2007, it was announced that George N. Gillett Jr. had purchased a majority share in the team, and that the name had been changed to Gillett Evernham Motorsports. On January 9, 2009, GEM then completed a merger with Petty Enterprises and brought the team's famous No. 43 car into the fold, changing the name once again to Richard Petty Motorsports. Late in the 2009 season, RPM announced that it was to merge with Yates Racing, leaving Dodge to run Ford Fusions. In late 2010, the team was bought out by Richard Petty and several investment groups, and Evernham sold his remaining share in the operation.

In May 2011 Evernham sued Gillett Jr., alleging that Gillett did not fulfill his responsibilities as co-owner, Gillett's management problems led to the demise of the team and that in the process, he lost $19 million. In 2012 the suit was settled under undisclosed terms.

Television career
Evernham has dipped into television several times as an analyst. He has worked three separate stints for ESPN/ABC: in 2000, 2008–2010, and 2012–2013. He has worked both race coverage and studio coverage at various points.

Evernham is host of the show AmeriCARna on Velocity since 2013.

Evernham works on NBCSN since 2015 as a color analyst and is paired up with Ralph Sheheen on broadcasts of the Whelen Modified Tour and Whelen Southern Modified Tour.

Superstar Racing Experience
In July 2020, Evernham and former NASCAR driver Tony Stewart formed the Superstar Racing Experience (SRX), a stock car series that began in summer 2021.

Controversies
During the 2006 season, former Evernham driver Jeremy Mayfield was fired from the No. 19 car for 'lack of performance,' as stated by the Evernham team. Court documents reveal that Mayfield blames Evernham's personal life, included a claim that a "close personal relationship" had developed between the then-married Evernham and development driver Erin Crocker, and "sub-par" equipment as the reasons he had not won a race in 2006. Evernham admitted that he had an ongoing relationship with Crocker. Furthermore, he said about Crocker, "The proper thing to do and something her and I would like to do is move her to another race team." Evernham and Crocker eventually were married at a private ceremony in Las Vegas on August 26, 2009.

Evernham is also known for a 1995 penalty which was then the largest fine in NASCAR history. The $60,000 fine ($ today) was imposed for using unapproved suspension parts on Jeff Gordon's car in a May 1995 race.

title: Ray Evernham


text: Category:Myxozoa

title: Category:Myxozoa


text:
Keeper of the Seven Keys: The Legacy

Keeper of the Seven Keys: The Legacy is the eleventh studio album by German power metal band Helloween, released in 2005. It is the first album with new and current drummer Dani Löble and a continuation of their 1987 and 1988 albums Keeper of the Seven Keys, Parts I and II. The album is a double CD with nearly 80 minutes playing time and comes in a digipack with 6 flaps. It was produced by Charlie Bauerfeind (Blind Guardian, Halford, Rage) and features Blackmore's Night singer Candice Night on the track "Light The Universe". The album's opening track, “The King for a 1000 Years” is, to date, the longest song released by the band.

When asked about what inspired them to make a third Keeper album, bassist Markus Grosskopf said:

Actually there was somebody from the Japanese record company who told Weiki [Michael Weikath, guitarist] how happy he is with the new line up. He said something like 'That line up is really strong, with that line up you can make A KEEPER album' just to say how strong that line up is, that's the explanation. And the record company started thinking 'Why don't you do so?'. [...] then we thought 'Well, why don't we try it with that line up?' But then we decided to do it very different and not to copy, the actual thing was not to copy that old stuff, the good old stuff, but doing something new. [...] And it deserves the name, even if some people think it doesn't.

The intro of the song "Occasion Avenue" uses samples from "Halloween", "Eagle Fly Free" and "Keeper of the Seven Keys" with Michael Kiske on vocals. One of the samples is a clip from a previously unreleased live version of "Keys" with Kiske singing the first part of the chorus and the crowd joining in.

Personnel

 * Andi Deris – vocals, additional keyboards
 * Michael Weikath – guitar
 * Sascha Gerstner – guitar, additional keyboards
 * Markus Grosskopf – bass
 * Dani Löble – drums

Guest musicians
 * Friedel Amon - keyboards
 * Backing vocals by Oliver Hartmann and Olaf Senkbeil
 * Candice Night - guest vocal on "Light the Universe"
 * Michael Kiske - cameo vocals on "Occasion Avenue"

Production
 * Produced by Charlie Bauerfeind
 * Recorded, engineered, mixed & mastered by Charlie Bauerfeind at Mi Sueno Studio in Tenerife, Spain
 * Backing vocals recorded by Charlie Bauerfeind at House of Music Studios in Winterbach, Germany
 * Vocals of Candice Night recorded at Cove Studios by Pat Regan
 * Design and cover artwork by Martin Häusler
 * Photography by Mathias Bothor

title: Keeper of the Seven Keys: The Legacy


text: File:Sarahdive.jpg

title: File:Sarahdive.jpg


text:
Vernal Fall

Vernal Fall is a 317 ft waterfall on the Merced River just downstream of Nevada Fall in Yosemite National Park, California. Like its upstream neighbor, Vernal Fall is clearly visible at a distance, from Glacier Point, as well as close up, along the Mist Trail. The waterfall flows all year long, although by the end of summer it is substantially reduced in volume and can split into multiple strands, rather than a single curtain of water.

Etymology
Yan-o-pah (little cloud) was the local name of the fall before it was named "Vernal"- meaning relating to Spring - by Lafayette Bunnell, a member of the Mariposa Battalion in 1851.

Mist Trail
The trail begins at the Happy Isles trail head in Yosemite Valley and travels generally east-southeast. This is one of the shortest (1.3 mi) and most popular trails in Yosemite. The trail is mostly shaded and is progressive in incline until it reaches the base of the waterfall where mist sprays onto the hikers.

At times of high flow, mostly in the spring, hikers may be drenched by the time they pass the mist from the waterfall. The final 15 minutes of the trail is a very steep climb up rocks to the top of the waterfall. Once atop the fall there is a pool of water called the Emerald Pool around which hikers lounge and rest. There is also a 20 degree slope of rock with water flowing into the pool called the Silver Apron.

Hazards
Swimming above Vernal Fall carries a great deal of risk: the rocks are slippery, the river has strong undercurrents that may not be visible from the surface, and tourists have been swept over the fall to their deaths. Though swimming there is illegal and warnings to stay out of the water are clearly posted, several deaths have occurred when visitors entered the water above the fall in the vicinity of the Silver Apron and Emerald Pool. Three people died in a single day, on July 19, 2011, after being swept over Vernal Fall in this manner.

Postage stamp
The fall is shown in error on a 1932 Philippines stamp. Although the stamp indicates that it depicts Pagsanjan Falls in the Philippines, it in fact shows Vernal Fall.

title: Vernal Fall


text:
Upādāna

Upādāna is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized". It is also an important Buddhist concept referring to "attachment, clinging, grasping". It is considered to be the result of taṇhā (craving), and is part of the dukkha (dissatisfaction, suffering, pain) doctrine in Buddhism.

Buddhism
Upādāna is the Sanskrit and Pāli word for "clinging", "attachment" or "grasping", although the literal meaning is "fuel". Upādāna and taṇhā (Skt. tṛṣṇā) are seen as the two primary causes of dukkha ('suffering', unease, "standing unstable"). The cessation of clinging is nirvana, the coming to rest of the grasping mind. Below are some excerpts from the Pali Canon indicative of the statement that clinging's cessation leads to Nirvana:
 * "For the sake of what, then, my friend, is the holy life lived under the Blessed One?"
 * "The holy life is lived under the Blessed One, my friend, for the sake of total Unbinding [nibbana] through lack of clinging."
 * — from "Relay Chariots" (Ratha-vinita Sutta MN 24) (Thanissaro, 1999).

 * "Bhikkhus, when ignorance is abandoned and true knowledge has arisen in a bhikkhu, then with the fading away of ignorance and the arising of true knowledge he no longer clings to sensual pleasures, no longer clings to views, no longer clings to rules and observances, no longer clings to a doctrine of self. When he does not cling, he is not agitated. When he is not agitated, he personally attains Nibbana. He understands: 'Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more coming to any state of being.'"
 * — from "The Shorter Discourse on the Lion's Roar" (Cula-sihanada Sutta MN 11) ( & Bodhi, 1993).

 * "Now during this utterance, the hearts of the bhikkhus of the group of five were liberated from taints through clinging no more."
 * — from "The Discourse on the Not-self Characteristic" (Anatta-lakkhana Sutta SN 22.59) (, 1981).

 * "...From the cessation of craving comes the cessation of clinging/sustenance. From the cessation of clinging/sustenance comes the cessation of becoming. From the cessation of becoming comes the cessation of birth. From the cessation of birth, then aging, illness & death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair all cease. Such is the cessation of this entire mass of suffering & stress."
 * — from "Clinging" (Upadana Sutta SN 12.52) (Thanissaro, 1998b).

 * "And having drunk
 * "The medicine of the Dhamma,
 * "You'll be untouched by age and death.
 * "Having meditated and seen —
 * "(You'll be) healed by ceasing to cling."
 * — from "The Healing Medicine of the Dhamma" (Miln 5 [verse 335]) (Olendzki, 2005).

Types of clinging
In the Sutta Pitaka, the Buddha states that there are four types of clinging: The Buddha once stated that, while other sects might provide an appropriate analysis of the first three types of clinging, he alone fully elucidated clinging to the "self" and its resultant unease.
 * sense-pleasure clinging (kamupadana)
 * all views clinging (ditthupadana)
 * rites-and-rituals clinging (silabbatupadana)
 * self-doctrine clinging (attavadupadana).

The Abhidhamma and its commentaries provide the following definitions for these four clinging types: According to Buddhaghosa, the above ordering of the four types of clinging is in terms of decreasing grossness, that is, from the most obvious (grossest) type of clinging (sense-pleasure clinging) to the subtlest (self-doctrine clinging).
 * 1) sense-pleasure clinging: repeated craving of worldly things.
 * 2) view clinging: such as eternalism (e.g., "The world and self are eternal") or nihilism.
 * 3) rites-and-rituals clinging: believing that rites alone could directly lead to liberation, typified in the texts by the rites and rituals of "ox practice" and "dog practice."
 * 4) self-doctrine clinging: self-identification with self-less entities (e.g., illustrated by MN 44, and further discussed in the skandha and anatta articles).

Interdependence of clinging types
Buddhaghosa further identifies that these four clinging types are causally interconnected as follows:

This hierarchy of clinging types is represented diagrammatically to the right.

Thus, based on Buddhaghosa's analysis, clinging is more fundamentally an erroneous core belief (self-doctrine clinging) than a habitualized affective experience (sense-pleasure clinging).

Manifestations of clinging
In terms of consciously knowable mental experiences, the Abhidhamma identifies sense-pleasure clinging with the mental factor of "greed" (lobha) and the other three types of clinging (self-doctrine, wrong-view and rites-and-rituals clinging) with the mental factor of "wrong view" (ditthi). Thus, experientially, clinging can be known through the Abhidhamma's fourfold definitions of these mental factors as indicated in the following table:

To distinguish craving from clinging, Buddhaghosa uses the following metaphor:
 * "Craving is the aspiring to an object that one has not yet reached, like a thief's stretching out his hand in the dark; clinging is the grasping of an object that one has reached, like the thief's grasping his objective.... [T]hey are the roots of the suffering due to seeking and guarding."

Thus, for instance, when the Buddha talks about the "aggregates of clinging," he is referring to our grasping and guarding physical, mental and conscious experiences that we falsely believe we are or possess.

As part of the causal chain of suffering
In the Four Noble Truths, the First Noble Truth identifies clinging (upādāna, in terms of "the aggregates of clinging") as one of the core experiences of suffering. The Second Noble Truth identifies craving (tanha) as the basis for being at unease. In this manner a causal relationship between craving and clinging is found in the Buddha's most fundamental teaching.

In the twelve-linked chain of Dependent Origination (Pratītyasamutpāda, also see Twelve Nidanas), clinging (upādāna) is the ninth causal link:

 * Upādāna (Clinging) is dependent on (Craving) as a condition before it can exist.
 * "With Craving as condition, Clinging arises".

 * Upādāna (Clinging) is also the prevailing condition for the next condition in the chain, Becoming (Bhava).
 * "With Clinging as condition, Becoming arises."

According to Buddhaghosa, it is sense-pleasure clinging that arises from craving and that conditions becoming.

Upādāna as fuel
Professor Richard F. Gombrich has pointed out in several publications, and in his Numata Visiting Professor Lectures at the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), that the literal meaning of upādāna is "fuel". He uses this to link the term to the Buddha's use of fire as a metaphor. In the so-called Fire Sermon (Āditta-pariyāya) (Vin I, 34-5; SN 35.28) the Buddha tells the bhikkhus that everything is on fire. By everything he tells them he means the five senses plus the mind, their objects, and the operations and feelings they give rise to — i.e. everything means the totality of experience. All these are burning with the fires of greed, hatred and delusion.

In the nidana chain, then, craving creates fuel for continued burning or becoming (bhava). The mind like fire, seeks out more fuel to sustain it, in the case of the mind this is sense experience, hence the emphasis the Buddha places on "guarding the gates of the senses". By not being caught up in the senses (appamāda) we can be liberated from greed, hatred and delusion. This liberation is also expressed using the fire metaphor when it is termed nibbāna (Sanskrit: ) which means to "go out", or literally to "blow out the flames of defilement". (Regarding the word , the verb vā is intransitive so no agent is required.)

Probably by the time the canon was written down (1st Century BCE), and certainly when Buddhaghosa was writing his commentaries (4th Century CE) the sense of the metaphor appears to have been lost, and upādāna comes to mean simply "clinging" as above. By the time of the Mahayana the term fire was dropped altogether and greed, hatred and delusion are known as the "three poisons".

Hinduism
The term Upādāna appears in the sense of "material cause" in ancient Vedic and medieval Hindu texts. For medieval era Vaishnavism scholar Ramanuja, the metaphysical Hindu concept of Brahman (as Vishnu) is the upadana-karana (material cause) of the universe. However, other Hindu traditions such as the Advaita Vedanta disagree and assert alternate theories on the nature of metaphysical Brahman and the universe while using the term upadana in the sense of "substrate, fuel".

More generally, the realist Hindu philosophies such as Samkhya and Nyaya have asserted that Brahman is the Upādāna of the phenomenal world. The philosophies within the Buddhist schools have denied Brahman, asserted impermanence and that the notion of anything real is untenable from a metaphysical sense. The Hindu traditions such as those influenced by Advaita Vedanta have asserted the position that everything (Atman, Brahman, Prakriti) is ultimately one identical reality. The concept Upādāna also appears with other sense of meanings, in Vedanta philosophies, such as "taking in".

title: Upādāna


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WikiProject Age

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Age
I propose this page be deleted, since it has been inactive since creation in September 2004 and there is nothing major to archive. Hiding talk 07:20, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * I second that; this is a half-baked Wikiproject with no contributors or accomplishments. Radiant_ >|< 09:33, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete never really took off, it's been given enough time. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 11:28, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, unsuccesful projects should be archived somewhere for future reference. Kappa 23:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Only if they've actually done something in the first place. Please read the project before voting on it. Radiant_ >|< 12:10, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK unsuccesful project *suggestions* should be archived too. Kappa 12:35, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Seems like a bad idea in the first place, and certainly inactive for long enough now. Xoloz 05:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not much chance of a resurrection -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 15:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Evernham Motorsports

Evernham Motorsports was an American professional stock car racing organization that competed in the NASCAR Cup Series. The team was founded in 2000 by former Hendrick Motorsports crew chief Ray Evernham, entering full-time competition as a two-car operation in 2001 and fielding additional full-time entries in alliances with Ultra Motorsports and the Valvoline corporation. The organization was renamed Gillett Evernham Motorsports in 2007 after former Montreal Canadiens and Liverpool F.C. owner George Gillett bought a controlling interest from founder Evernham, and merged with Petty Enterprises in 2009 to become Richard Petty Motorsports.

Team history
Evernham Motorsports was founded in 2000 by former crew chief Ray Evernham, who won three championships atop the pit box for Jeff Gordon and Hendrick Motorsports. Evernham was named a team manager and owner for Daimler Chrysler's return to NASCAR's top level through their Dodge brand, leading the development of the Intrepid R/T race car that debuted in 2001. The team also operated with direct factory backing and sponsorship from Dodge. The team originally operated out of the former facility of Bill Elliott Racing.

In August 2007, then Montreal Canadiens and Liverpool F.C. owner George N. Gillett Jr. purchased a majority stake in the race team. The operation was renamed Gillett Evernham Motorsports, with Ray Evernham retaining substantial ownership and the role of CEO. Evernham stated the partnership would allow him to focus on "racing operations and team performance", with the Gillett family handling the business end of the operation. GEM proceeded to hire several financial executives to assist with corporate marketing, including former chairman of LendingTree Tom Reddin to replace Evernham as CEO.

At the beginning of the 2008 season, GEM signed a technical and marketing agreement with independent driver Robby Gordon, with plans to eventually absorb Robby Gordon Motorsports into the GEM stable. Under the terms of the alleged merger, Gordon would sell his one-car-operation to GEM for $23.5 million, then receive a four-year contract worth $12 million to drive for the team. The deal fell through, with GEM suing Gordon for violating the terms of the agreement.

After the 2008 season, turmoil emerged when A. J. Allmendinger and Reed Sorenson were signed to drive for the team, while Elliott Sadler was released from his ride in the 19 car and planned to sue the team to keep his job. In the midst of a struggling economy, in January 2009 GEM merged with fellow Dodge team Petty Enterprises, which could no longer find sponsors for any of its cars, thus expanding the team to four cars. The organization was renamed Richard Petty Motorsports in the process. Ray Evernham was not involved in the merger negotiations, and both he and Richard Petty only maintained minority shares in the new team.

Car No. 7 history
On November 16, 2001, Ultra Motorsports announced they had entered into a joint venture with Evernham Motorsports where the team would switch to Dodge Intrepids from Ford. Casey Atwood, who had been driving Evernham's No. 19 and needed a ride once Jeremy Mayfield became the team's second driver, would take over the 7 car for the 2002 season. The venture was known as Ultra-Evernham Motorsports, with Ultra owner Jim Smith handling day-to-day operations and Evernham handling technical and competition aspects of the team. Ray Evernham described it as "doing two and a half teams." In January 2002, Sirius Satellite Radio was named as the sponsor for the 7 car. In his sophomore season, Atwood struggled severely, with a 29.4 average finish for the year and a best finish of 11th. The poor performance was attributed to a lack of competitive equipment (with the team using second-hand Evernham machines), and a lack of effort on driver Atwood's part. The partnership was dissolved after Smith decided to remove Atwood from the car with two races left in the season. Ultra Motorsports Truck Series driver Jason Leffler was named the interim driver. Jimmy Spencer would take over the car in 2003 for the once again independent Ultra Motorsports Dodge.

Car No. 9 history
The No. 9 debuted in the 2001 Daytona 500 with Dodge's return to NASCAR. After half a decade as a driver and owner, 1988 Winston Cup Series champion Bill Elliott joined Evernham as a driver and re-assumed the No. 9 that he drove with Melling Racing. Elliott won the pole for the Daytona 500 and finished fifth. He marked the season with his first win in seven years at Homestead-Miami Speedway and finished 15th in points. Elliott would score two wins and finish 13th in points in 2002. He scored his final career win at North Carolina in fall 2003. After a ninth-place finish in the points that season, Elliott announced that due to the pressures of a full Nextel Cup schedule, he would step down from his full-time ride and would race the team's research and development car.
 * Bill Elliott (2001–2003)

Elliott was replaced by rookie driver Kasey Kahne, a successful open-wheel racer just starting to gain respect in the Busch Series, who left a development contract with Ford to sign with Evernham's Dodge team for the 2004 season. Tommy Baldwin Jr. would serve as crew chief for the No. 9 team. Kahne was arguably the least accomplished driver in a strong rookie class that included Busch Series winners Brian Vickers (the 2003 Champion), Scott Riggs, Scott Wimmer, and Johnny Sauter as well as Craftsman Truck Series winner Brendan Gaughan. Kahne would have the strongest performance out of all the young drivers, earning three second-place finishes through the first eleven races and five on the season, including two close finishes with Matt Kenseth and Elliott Sadler. Kahne earned four poles and 14 Top 10 finishes to score a 13th-place finish in points, winning the Rookie of the Year honors by over 100 points. In 2005, he won the spring Richmond race, but finished a disappointing 23rd in the final point standings.
 * Kasey Kahne (2004–2008)

Near the end of the 2005 season, Evernham initiated a crew swap between his teams, citing performance issues with both cars. As a result, Kahne received most of what was Mayfield's team from 2005. In 2006, Kahne won six races, including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 at Lowe's Motor Speedway in May. He also made his first Chase for the Nextel Cup, finishing eighth in the standings at the end of the season. His six wins were a series high in 2006 and he also tied for the most pole awards with Kurt Busch at six. On September 18, 2007, it was announced that Budweiser would sponsor the No. 9 car beginning in 2008, after Dodge Dealers/Mopar/UAW had sponsored the team since 2001. In his first year with the Budweiser sponsorship, Kahne had two wins and finished 14th in points.

Car No. 10 history

In 2006, Scott Riggs and his Valvoline sponsorship moved over from struggling MB2 Motorsports. In addition to sponsoring 22 races in 2006, Valvoline also maintained an ownership stake in the team through Senior Vice President James Rocco (like with MBV), called Valvoline-Evernham Motorsports (also written as Valvoline-Evernham Racing). The team nearly won on several occasions including Charlotte, Talladega, and Texas — where he crashed out in second place with two laps to go. He finished 20th in the final standings despite missing the Daytona 500. Going into 2007 with high hopes, Evernham's performance suffered; Riggs failed to qualify for six races and had five DNF's with only one Top 10 finish all season. He was released with two races remaining in favor of former Champ car driver Patrick Carpentier, who had also replaced him at Watkins Glen.
 * Scott Riggs (2006–2007)

Carpentier, who was 36 years old at the time, became the full-time driver for 2008, part of a unique rookie class stacked with open wheel veterans all trying to emulate the success found by Juan Pablo Montoya the previous year. This included IndyCar Series Champions Dario Franchitti and Sam Hornish Jr., and CART and Formula One champion Jacques Villeneuve, as well as DEI development drivers Regan Smith and Aric Almirola. With Valvoline taking a backseat role in 2008 and Stanley Tools moving to the No. 19 car, GEM signed LifeLock for eight races, an identity security company making a large entrance investment into NASCAR. Charter Communications and Auto Value/Bumper to Bumper also sponsored several races. Carpentier won the pole at Loudon but otherwise struggled, as did his fellow open-wheel counterparts. He had no Top 10s, missed five races — including the Daytona 500 — and was out of the Top 35 in points when he was released after Kansas. Second-year driver A. J. Allmendinger replaced Carpentier, after being released from Red Bull Racing in favor of Scott Speed. In his five races for GEM, Allmendinger was impressive, posting three Top 15s and often outrunning his teammates. Allmendinger was initially rewarded with a full-time ride in the No. 19 car, replacing Elliott Sadler. This was derailed when Sadler intended to sue the team and Allmendinger to keep his job, when Reed Sorenson was signed as a third driver, and when several sponsors threatened to leave the team in response to the recent moves.
 * Patrick Carpentier (2007–2008)

Car No. 19 history
The No. 19 car was Evernham Motorsports' first foray into racing in the Cup series. It debuted in the 2000 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 at Richmond International Raceway as the No. 19 Motorola-sponsored Ford with 20-year-old Busch Series driver Casey Atwood as the driver. In that race, the car scored a 19th-place finish. The abbreviated season was capped off by Atwood's tenth-place finish at Homestead that year.
 * Casey Atwood (2000–2001)

For Evernham's full-time debut in 2001, Atwood was named as the driver of the 19 car, teammate to Bill Elliott in the No. 9. The team was part of Dodge's return into NASCAR, with Dodge Dealers sponsoring the entire season. The year was off to a sluggish start when Atwood failed to qualify at the spring Atlanta race, but picked up steam towards the end of the year, winning the pole at Phoenix International Raceway, and almost winning the Homestead race before relinquishing the lead to teammate Elliott late in the race. Atwood barely missed wrestling the rookie of the year crown away from Kevin Harvick, despite Harvick finishing much higher in the points (ninth) and winning twice.

Evernham decided to make a driver change prior to the start of the 2002 season, possibly because Atwood's overall career results were mediocre to underwhelming up to that point during his tenure with the team. He signed Jeremy Mayfield, who had recorded three wins for Penske Racing but who had been fired in September 2001 and had not run since, to join Elliott and drive the No. 19. As part of the move, Evernham agreed to the aforementioned deal with Ultra Motorsports which gave Atwood a car to drive. Mayfield struggled in his initial year with Evernham, posting just four top tens and finishing 26th in points. He won a pole at Talladega Superspeedway the next year however, and improved to 19th in points. 2004 was even better, winning at Richmond and barely making the cut for the inaugural Chase for the Nextel Cup. He claimed one more win in 2005 and qualified once again for the Chase.
 * Jeremy Mayfield (2002–2006)

However, after the 2006 Allstate 400 at the Brickyard, where an early-race crash dropped the No. 19 team out of the top-35 in owner points (thus requiring the team to qualify for each race on time), owner Ray Evernham replaced Mayfield with Bill Elliott for the race at Watkins Glen, citing a lack of performance through the 2006 season. However, in affidavits filed in court Mayfield blamed his lack of performance and subsequent termination from the team on Evernham's heavy involvement with development driver Erin Crocker, and the "close personal relationship" that developed between the two.

On August 16, Elliott Sadler, after leaving Robert Yates Racing, was officially named the driver of the No. 19 car for the remainder of the 2006 season, as well as being named the driver for the 2007 season. In his first race, Sadler qualified second and finished tenth. This was the No. 19 car's best finish of the 2006 season until Sadler scored a sixth-place finish at New Hampshire several weeks later. Sadler finished 22nd in driver points, while the No. 19 team finished 34th in owner points, guaranteeing it a spot in the first five races of the 2007 season. Sadler would score only two top tens in 2007, finishing 25th in points.
 * Elliott Sadler (2006–2008)

In November 2007, Best Buy was announced as the new sponsor for fifteen races in the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup season. Later Stanley and McDonald's were announced as the two other primary sponsors on the No. 19. In May, Sadler reached a two-year contract extension with the team. However, on December 27, 2008, GEM announced that A. J. Allmendinger, who drove the team's No. 10 car at the end of the season, would be replacing Sadler in the No. 19 for the 2009 season. At the same time the team also announced several of its sponsors were considering leaving the team and that Ray Evernham had cleared his personal belongings out of the team's race shop, but it was not clear whether it was related to the hire. On January 3, 2009, Sadler's attorney announced that he would be seeking a breach of contract lawsuit against GEM for the dismissal. Looking to avoid the lawsuit GEM and Sadler's attorneys reached a settlement six days later that would return Sadler to the No. 19 for 2009 while keeping Allmendinger with the team.

R&D car history
The 98 car started as the 91 car in 2002. Three drivers drove the No. 91: Dick Trickle at Talladega Superspeedway (failing to qualify); Hank Parker Jr. at Rockingham Speedway with sponsorship from USG Corporation; and Casey Atwood at Homestead-Miami Speedway with a sponsorship from Mountain Dew (after being released from the No. 7 car). The car returned in 2003 at Pocono Raceway and Indianapolis Motor Speedway, with Atwood driving the 91 Mountain Dew Live Wire-sponsored Dodge at Pocono and an unsponsored entry at Indy. In 2004, Bill Elliott relinquished his full-time duties to drive the No. 91 in a part-time deal at Las Vegas, Texas, and Indianapolis. Elliott also ran three races in a No. 98 Dodge under his own Bill Elliott Racing banner, utilizing Evernham equipment and crew members and the owners points of Mach 1 Racing, in part to avoid conflict with sponsor Coca-Cola (Evernham's No. 9 and No. 19 cars were both sponsored by Mountain Dew). He returned to drive the 91 in a part-time deal in 2005 in nine races held at Fontana, Atlanta, Texas, Charlotte, Michigan, Indianapolis, Michigan, Fontana, and Texas. Elliott had sponsorships from UAW, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Stanley Tools, Auto Value / Bumper to Bumper, and Visteon.
 * 2002–2007

Car No. 9 history
The No. 9 Ultimate Chargers Busch team started as the No. 6 Pepsi-sponsored Dodge Intrepid for Tommy Baldwin Racing. The team made its debut in 2002 at the fall Michigan Busch Series race, where Wally Dallenbach Jr. drove the team to a 14th-place finish. Dallenbach finished in the top ten in his other two starts in the car that year, splitting the car with Damon Lusk. Lusk took over on a limited basis for 2003 but did not finish in the top 10.
 * Tommy Baldwin Racing (2002–2004)

In 2004, primary sponsor Unilever backed the Hungry Drivers program to allow for young drivers to compete for a full-time seat in NASCAR. Four drivers were chosen to compete for the seat and the chosen drivers were Scott Lynch, Mark McFarland, Tracy Hines, and Paul Wolfe. Each driver was given three races to prove their talent. After scoring 2 top-20 finishes, including a 12th-place effort at New Hampshire, Wolfe was awarded the No. 6 Busch seat for the 2005 season.

In October 2004, Evernham Motorsports acquired Tommy Baldwin Racing, and with it, the Hungry Drivers program. Paul Wolfe started out the 2005 season, but was let go after the first four races due to poor performance. Kasey Kahne and Jeremy Mayfield took the brunt of the driving duties of the No. 6 team with Kahne scoring the team's first win at Kansas in October. Other drivers would also share in the driving duties of the car, including Mike Wallace, Tracy Hines, Bill Elliott, Casey Atwood, and also Paul Wolfe for three races. Erin Crocker would also make her Busch Series racing debut with the team at Richmond.
 * Evernham Motorsports (2005–2008)

For the 2006 season, a number of changes were made to the team. First, a number switch with Roush Racing gave Evernham the No. 9 to use for his team while the No. 6 went with Mark Martin's Busch team. Also, Unilever's sponsorship of the team was expanded. Now called the Ultimate Chargers team, it would feature Kasey Kahne, Jeremy Mayfield, and Scott Riggs as the main drivers of the car throughout the year. Crocker, who competed under the No. 98 with sponsorship from General Mills, and Boris Said also shared driving duties in the car. Kahne, who drove the majority of races for the team, won twice at Las Vegas in the spring and Fontana in the fall. In 2007, Kahne won the spring race at Charlotte and the fall race at Bristol with sponsorship again from Unilever. Kahne, Elliott Sadler, Scott Riggs, Boris Said, and Chase Miller shared the brunt of the driving duties in the car. Deac McCaskill drove for the team in a single race at O'Reilly Raceway Park at Indianapolis.

In 2008, Unilever, along with additional backing from AutoValue/Bumper-to-Bumper and Ingersoll Rand, continued sponsorship of the team with Kahne, Sadler, Patrick Carpentier, and Chase Miller sharing driving duties in the car through the year. Results were mixed for the Nationwide GEM team. For the first time since the program's inception, the team failed to record a win. The car's best results were two second-place finishes. The first was recorded by Kasey Kahne in the spring race at Bristol while Patrick Carpentier finished 2nd in the race at Montreal.

Later in the year, it was announced that primary sponsor Unilever would move to the No. 5 of JR Motorsports. As a result of the loss of the sponsor, the organization announced that the car would move to a part-time schedule for the 2009 season. With the cutback, the team also let go about 65 employees, some of whom were also from the engine shop.

Car No. 19 history
In the 2003 season, the team debuted with Jeremy Mayfield driving the No. 79 Dodge Intrepid, with Mountain Dew sponsoring, at Rockingham. He finished 4th in the only race for the team that year. The team returned for the 2005 season, operating as a 2nd Busch team. Sponsorship for this car came mainly from Trus Joist and Auto Value. Kahne and Mayfield shared the driving duties for the three races the team ran with a best finish of 4th at Richmond in May. Kahne also drove the car to a 12th-place finish at New Hampshire and Mayfield had a best finish of 29th at Charlotte. While the team didn't run in 2006, a couple of the chassis from the No. 79 were run by Erin Crocker in her first couple of races.
 * Evernham No. 79 (2003, 2005)

In the last race of the 2007 season at Homestead-Miami Speedway, Patrick Carpentier made his second Busch Series start. The car was the No. 19 sponsored by Stanley.
 * Evernham No. 19 (2007–2008)

Chase Miller drove the car as a second GEM car in select Nationwide Series races in 2008, with sponsorship from Cellco Partnerships (a joint venture of Verizon and Vodafone) on the car. The team was retired once the Braun-Petty deal was announced.

Casey Atwood (2002)
In 2002, Casey Atwood ran a Dodge-sponsored No. 19 car at Pocono Raceway in the ARCA Racing Series, winning the race from the pole.

Erin Crocker (2005–2007)
In 2005, Erin Crocker made her ARCA Racing Series debut in a No. 98 Dodge at Nashville Superspeedway. Crocker won the pole, and finished 12th after leading 28 laps. Crocker would run six more races with another pole at Kentucky and five top five finishes. Crocker ran seven more ARCA races in 2006, and moved up to NASCAR's Craftsman Truck Series full-time with sponsorship from General Mills brands Cheerios and Betty Crocker. Crocker would score another Kentucky pole and three top tens in ARCA, but the success would not translate in the Truck Series, with a best finish of 16th twice leading to a 25th finish in the championship standings. General Mills would leave at the end of the season, leading the Truck Series team to close. Crocker returned to ARCA for 12 races in 2007, with Mac Tools sponsoring five races. Crocker won the pole at Daytona and her third consecutive Kentucky pole, scoring six top fives and eight total top ten finishes.

title: Evernham Motorsports


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mehedi Kamal

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete, attack page. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 18:57, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Mehedi Kamal
Delete - vanity/prank Sherurcij 07:22, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete attack page. JamesBurns 09:30, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.