text:
Talk:Bob Dylan discography

the very best of bob dylan
columbia sweden released a special 2 disc edition when dylan got the polar prize —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.208.215.216 (talk) 11:15, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Playlist
Why no mention of Sony / Legacy Record's compilation series: "Playlist: The Very Best Of Bob Dylan 60s / 70s / 80s"? Johnwulfsohn (talk) 18:50, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

What happened to "Hard Rain" 1976 just after Desire...? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.216.108.34 (talk) 09:46, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

"hard rain" is a live album not studio album

singles: B-sides?
Does someone have this information? Shouldn't it be included in the chart? Village Explainer (talk) 15:52, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Dylan Revisited
A record label (I don't know which one) released a 5CD box set called Dylan Revisited: All Time Best that was released in Japan only. Why is there no mention of it here? LucilleBall (talk) 15:09, 24 May 2016 (UTC)
 * A record label (I don't know which one) - if it is a regular it must have been Columbia/Sony, as it is Dylan's label since the beginning.
 * Why is there no mention of it here? - Any important reason why it should be listed here? There are 138 regular and 177 unofficial compilations on Discogs. In total 315. Impossible, unnecessary and not worth it to list them all here. (BTW: the track listing is an yawning old heap of ever and ever again compiled songs. A typical Sony marketing BS) with best wishes from VINCENZO1492   17:25, 24 May 2016 (UTC)

Upcoming releases in The Bootleg Series
Has anyone heard whether Bob Dylan will release a Bootleg Series 13 or 14 within the next year or two? If so, under Bootleg Series, Vol. 12, one should add a section for Volume 13 and put the release date, and the chart positions as "to be announced". LucilleBall (talk) 5:49, 8 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Is this Wikipedia - The Free PR Source? Wait until the stuff is released and don't spend your (and our) time on rumours. Maybe even Sony will still speculate about releases or release dates. I am bit surprised about your questions (this & the one before). Both intend to add something which is usually not added neither to an encyclopedia nor WP, which is still an encyclopedia (I guess). You are long enough a WP user to know how it works here. If I would act with guesses about your intentions like you do it with alleged information I could spread rumours that your Dylan fandom is a bit to strong to do proper work on articles about him or that you are paid by Sony. I guess you would say about both that I am wrong, or? with best wishes from VINCENZO1492   04:41, 9 June 2016 (UTC)

The other Greatest Hits Volume III
There was a release known as Greatest Hits Volume III (not Volume 3) of which I own a CD copy which is distinctly different from the Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3 released in 1994. The track listing is as follows:
 * Positively 4th Street
 * One Too Many Mornings
 * Pledging My Time
 * She Belongs to Me
 * My Back Pages
 * All I Really Want to Do
 * House of the Rising Sun
 * Corina, Corina
 * Man of Constant Sorrow
 * I Shall Be Free
 * Tombstone Blues
 * 4th Time Around

I'm trying to discern if it bears mentioning at Wikipedia, either as an article or as a listing on this page. Here is the entry at Discogs, this is the copy I own. You can see the cover art is basically the same as the first Greatest Hits album from 1967. That site claims it is a Dutch release. This similar listing claims it as a 1989 Australian release. This one here, with the same track listing and different cover art, lists it as an Australian release as well. Here is a German release. It looks from all versions to be an official CBS Records release, but outside of the US. Oddly enough, Allmusic doesn't list it at all. Does anyone have any further information on this release, and could such information be used to add an entry to this list, or perhaps to even build an article on it? Thanks! -- Jayron 32 19:42, 18 October 2016 (UTC)
 * By the by, there's also an old talk page post at Talk:Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Volume 3 asking about it as well. -- Jayron 32 19:43, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

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Dylan album and The Basement Tapes are compilations
Hello fellow Wikipedia editors. The 1973 Dylan album and The Basement Tapes are both compilations, and I have moved them into that category and out of studio albums proper. The 1973 LP of outtakes from the Self Portrait and New Morning sessions was assembled by Columbia Records without Dylan's input or approval, while the Basement Tapes was compiled by Robbie Robertson of Dylan tracks that were eight years old and tracks by The Band that were seven years old (in some cases less) with overdubs added in 1975.

There are those who will disagree with this, but I refer you to the discographies for both The Rolling Stones and The Who. The Stones' 1967 American Flowers album, consisting of session outtakes and some material that had been released in the UK but not the US, although marketed as a new Stones studio album at the time is properly listed in that band's compilation section of its discography. Similarly, the 1968 American Who album Magic Bus was released without the input or approval of the group, and even though it contains some tracks previously unavailable in the US and was marketed as a new Who LP at the time, is properly listed as a compilation. Also, although Odds & Sods from 1974 contained mostly unreleased material new to the international market and was approved by the band, it was compiled by Who bassist John Entwistle of tracks encompassing the band's entire recorded history to date and is also properly listed under the compilation section of the discography rather than the studio album section. So it is also for these two Dylan albums; they are compilations, and should not be inaccurately listed among Dylan's studio albums proper. PJtP (talk) 21:33, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

The album 'Dylan' 1973, should appear in the list of studio albums. To quote the wikipedia entry for that album: ″The Dylan album has caused some dispute between fans; regarding whether the release is deemed a studio album or compilation. Its category was clarified when it was included in the Complete Album Collection boxset, which only featured studio and concert albums, aside from the boxset exclusive, Side Tracks.″ and for the same reason, The Basement Tapes album should appear here. If you disagree then you must edit the 'Dylan 1973' article to avoid conflicting information between articles. Dalaidunc (talk) 14:46, 29 October 2018 (UTC)

 * So Wikipedia is the source? Actually, the passage cited has no source. Anyway, by its own rules, Wikipedia can't be used as a source for anything. As for Columbia's packaging of the "complete" boxset settling the argument, so the same folks who slapped this hodgepodge together get to tell us what it is? Really? For a reliable source, see Michael Gray's Bob Dylan Encyclopedia (page 194): "Unlucky 13th album — though it barely counts, since Dylan didn't intend its compilation or release. Essentially a malicious record company response to Dylan’s signing with a new label...a deliberate release of the worst tracks they could find in their vaults..." An even more reliable way to settle the dispute, then, would be to call Bob and ask him what he thinks. Of course, that would be original research, but it's a sure bet he wouldn't claim this travesty as one of his own. And following PJtP's points about the Stones and Who, neither should we.Allreet (talk) 19:01, 9 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree about Dylan being a compilation. Only an artist can compile songs from multiple sessions and call it a cohesive statement, after they leave a label then it's most certainly a compilation. I wouldn't agree about The Basement Tapes, Dylan was back with Columbia by that point, and the new work was done by his collaborators on the project anyway. But in short, I definitely vote for Dylan as a compilation.YouCanDoBetter (talk) 09:52, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

Blonde on Blonde Release Date is 16 May 1966, not 20 June 1966
All official sources state that the release date for Blonde on Blonde is 16 May 1966. Why does the list have an unsourced date of 20 June 1966.I'm immediately changing it to the offical date. Abebenjoe (talk) 03:43, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

 * @User:Abebenjoe: No so about "all official sources". Many authors dispute Columbia's "official" release date, most notably, Clinton Heylin and Michael Gray. Of course, the majority of authors use May 16 since Columbia is generally as reliable as sources get, but if you read up on the issue, it becomes clear that the "official date" was a fiction. For some of the details and to discuss this further, please see Blonde on Blonde's Talk page. Thanks. Allreet (talk) 16:39, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

Bob Dylan April 1962
The first album was released in April 1962.

Many sources are wrong on that.

See Cash Box April 7 1962

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FONmMMNXEAA3Zk_?format=jpg&name=large

https://twitter.com/dagbraathen/status/1505159768901664768/photo/2

If anyone knows how to edit to Wikipedia standards...

Htrowsle (talk) 21:34, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

Documentary appearances
Would anyone object to trimming this down to just the documentaries where Dylan participated as interviewee? I just think it's a little extreme/tedious to open the door to every film involving Dylan archive footage.

title: Talk:Bob Dylan discography


text:
User talk:Jstaniek

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

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P.S. I like messages :-P

File:Kexi logo.gif listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Kexi logo.gif, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Skier Dude ( talk ) 06:00, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Kugar
Dear Jaroslaw. As main developer of Kexi you know that Kexi’s report tool (introduced in Kexi 2.2) is meant to replace Kugar. I don’t understand why you make such a fuss about this topic. It’s not like I wrote about Kugar in Calligra’s article in great detail (doing so would be indeed wrong). It’s just a small link and the link happens to be in Calligra’s components list under Kexi because Kexi is no longer in the component list of KOffice (you moved Kexi out of KOffice in 2010, remember?). Kugar has its own article for details.

As for database management or creator: Kexi markets itself as MS Access for Linux. The Access article says: “Microsoft Access, also known as Microsoft Office Access, is a database management system from Microsoft”. So, when Kexi is Access for Linux and Access is a database management system, why isn’t Kexi a database management system? Here’s a quote from that one’s article: “A database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database.” Doesn’t Kexi do just that? --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 01:30, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree with you that the Access file format wording is irritating. I'll fix is during this weekend.
 * To explain the mentioning of Kugar further: In the table every Calligra component that supersedes a KOffice component has an entry what it supersedes (Sheets was KSpread and so on). Thinking even further, my mistake was not to mention Kugar but instead not to list Words as replacement for KWord.
 * As for what Kexi is: I have to confess that my knowledge about databases is too limited. I copied the table from OpemOffice’s or LibreOffice’s article (incl. the DBMS part from OO/LO Base). From a Wikipedia point of view however, it'll be handy to link to an overview article. Would “Visual DBMS and RAD tool” (or something along these lines) with links to appropriate articles OK? --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 02:31, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

PS: Any chance you can get your hands on recent Calligra Active screenshots? --KAMiKAZOW (talk) 02:32, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jstaniek


text:
User talk:SingularityZero

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Notability
We don't mean to be harsh. :-) But we have to have some way of preventing every garage band in the world from posting their own article, complete with self-aggrandizing quotes from their local "music critic" friends.  I am sure you understand.  And honestly, our requirements for notability are not terribly high -- get an article or two in industry publications of reasonable circulation, mentions in more mainstream media (one easy rule, for those of us playing at home, is to hope for several hundred google hits that aren't sites owned by you or your best friend).  Yeah, that does make it tough for young artists to be represented here.  But in the long run, I think we'll have a very comprehensive list of artists who have achieved any kind of cultural significance (even on more local levels).  I hope it's not too disheartening, and that you can find ways to contribute here (since you clearly have talent, at least in my and Redwolf's estimations). Jwrosenzweig 00:00, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * hilarious

[] [] [] [] [][][] []

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title: User talk:SingularityZero


text:
Osteoglossum

Osteoglossum is a genus of fish in the family Osteoglossidae. They reach about 1 m in length and are restricted to freshwater habitats in tropical South America.

These predators mostly feed on arthropods like insects and spiders, but may also take small vertebrates such as other fish, frogs, lizards, snakes, mice, bats and small birds. They jump up to 2 m out of the water to pick the prey off branches, tree trunks or foliage, which has earned them the local name "water monkeys". They are the largest fish in the world that catch most of their food out of water. When breeding, the male protects the eggs and young by carrying them in the mouth.

They are sometimes kept in aquariums, but they are predatory and require a very large tank.

Species
There are two species:

title: Osteoglossum


text:
VarioRam

VarioRam is a Porsche-patented engine induction system that was first introduced on the 1992 model year 964 Carrera RS motorsport special. It became standard on the 911-series starting from the M64/21 engine on the model year 1996.

As the name suggests, VarioRam varies the effective length of the inlet ducting depending upon engine load and speed. A long intake length at low rpm provides a better pulse tune because the pulse won't travel back and forth as many times, which aids low-end torque because the high pressure pulse may otherwise contribute to reversion and thereby decreased volumetric efficiency. At higher engine rpm, the intake length is reduced. The result is a flatter torque curve, with more torque available at low- and mid-range engine speeds compared to a similar non-VarioRam engine.

title: VarioRam


text:
Caché ObjectScript

Caché ObjectScript is a part of the Caché database system sold by InterSystems. The language is a functional superset of the ANSI-standard MUMPS programming language. Since Caché is at its core a MUMPS implementation, it can run ANSI MUMPS routines with no change. To appeal as a commercial product, Caché implements support for object-oriented programming, a macro preprocessing language, embedded SQL for ANSI-standard SQL access to M's built-in database, procedure and control blocks using C-like brace syntax, procedure-scoped variables, and relaxed whitespace syntax limitations.

The language has private and public variables and globals. Global has a different meaning in this language than in most; such variables are global across routines, processes, and sessions. Thus, editing a global variable is making permanent and immediate changes to a system-universal database (which survives reboots, etc.). The scope of a private variable is the local function, the scope of a public variable is the entire process. Variables, private and public, may be single elements or complete multi-dimensional arrays.

The great majority of Caché's feature-set is inherited from the ANSI MUMPS standard. See that article for details on how data is represented and the different ways a programmer can think about the data during development.

Hello world program as a routine
Then in Caché Terminal (assuming you wrote the hello routine to the SAMPLE namespace):

Hello world program as a ClassMethod
Then in Caché Terminal (assuming you wrote the User.Helloworld Class to the SAMPLE namespace):

title: Caché ObjectScript


text:
Talk:Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar

How is this different from a normal calendar?
How is (e.g.) September 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) different from September 16? Should they be merged? Dunc|☺ 22:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

How are they the same? The former lists Orthodox observations, the latter is the secular calendar page which lists historical events and the such. However, I think that in the future something will have to be done more efficiently about this Orthodox Calendar thing, perhaps even just put the info on the regular date pages, and get rid of the separate Orthodox date pages. However, Orthodox commemorations may not be relevant enough to clutter up the secular calendar. Tix 18:36, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, the biggest argument I can foresee against having all the commemorations in the 'main' calendar is that folks will say they aren't that important or relevant, and most of them aren't for a general audience. Pascha and the Great Feasts should probably go on the main calendar, assuming it includes major holidays of other religions, but not every single day. Wesley 17:11, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations
This is a very useful article. congratulations                Arthasfleo 15:35, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Dogmatic
I am concerned that this article is entirely theological and is disregarding it's title. I arrived here by reading about several calendar types, religious or not, and this article doesn't touch at all points such as: origins (why and when it was created), changes of it's structure throughout history, differences between it and other calendars, and instead only describes feasts and liturgies, which might actually be moved to another page oriented on the church use of the calendar —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kaly J. (talk • contribs) 21:47, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

You seem to be very confused, the liturgical calendar is for determining when to celebrate certain feast days, and when to observe fasts. It's not the same type of calendar as the Gregorian calendar or the Julian calendar. It doesn't say 'today is the twenty-fifth of august' but rather it says 'Today we commemorate St. Tikhon of Zadonsk, Bishop of Voronezh'. I don't think it should be moved to another page oriented on the church use of the calendar, mostly because it would leave this page rather blank. You see this calendar was invented by the church solely for church use, and that goes without saying. However the when of its creation should be added, I know the first ecumenical council established the paschalion and I would assume that the feast days of the various saints are added as they are glorified.Fema5 (talk) 02:44, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

Moved image

I moved the image at right from the article to this page. The caption says that the portal "depict[s] the Byzantine liturgical calendar", but there is no explanation of how it depicts the calendar. Even looking at the image in a larger size doesn't make the depiction any clearer. There is no further information on the image's description page on Wikimedia Commons; in fact, that page doesn't even mention that the image depicts the calendar. If someone can expand the info. in the caption I would be in favor of returning it to the article; but as is, the image raises more questions than it informs. MishaPan (talk) 01:39, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

adjecent each day article description
All day-by-day articles say "... celebrated on so-date so-month by Old Calendarists. I am not sure if this description is accurate. The Old Calendarists article says they are not in communion with other Churches, but there are churches which use Julian Calendar still and be unproblematicly in communion with the other, such as, Russian Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Church and so on. The current description is misleading and need in modification, I think. Thoughts? --Aphaia (talk) 12:14, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

Nonrational bot changes!
Archive bot for links like that: http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20130410.htm - is not optimal! I already wrote in Wiki that actual version of site http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20130410.htm one can find here: http://orthochristian.com/calendar/20190410.html And more, when You changed one cipher in last section of link - 3 to 9 (=2013 to 2019!) You'll see version for especially the year of 2019! Maybe it's need to make another bot - to change all "http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/2011*" (and "http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/2012*", and "http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/2013*", and "http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/2014*" for "http://orthochristian.com/calendar/2019*"?! Александр Васильев (talk) 06:30, 25 May 2019 (UTC)

backwards I think
E.g. Everyone agrees the nativity of the Theotokos is Sept 8. The distinction is, when is Sept. 8? Sept 8 in the old-style liturgical calendar falls on what the new-style calendar calls Sept. 21. etc--2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:C00D:C751:526C:ECCA (talk) 12:43, 11 March 2021 (UTC)


text:
LaVell Boyd

LaVell Boyd (born September 12, 1976) is a former professional American football player.

Early life
Boyd is a graduate of Doss High School and was the all-time leading wide receiver in (Louisville) Jefferson County history. He later went on to the University of Louisville, where he finished his career number six on the all-time receptions list and helped lead his team to two bowl games. LaVell majored in Sociology and graduated from the University Of Louisville.

Professional career
LaVell Boyd played for the Cincinnati Bengals during the 2000 NFL season. In 2001 he signed with the Miami Dolphins, where he was injured. In 2002 Boyd played with the Minnesota Vikings. The following season, Boyd played in NFL Europe with the Rhein Fire. In 2004, he played for the Arena Football League's Georgia Force.

Post-NFL career
Boyd coached at Shawnee High School in Louisville, Kentucky for part of the 2007 season. He was soon hired as the varsity football coach at Western High School in Shively, Kentucky. LaVell led the Warriors to the 2010 KHSAA State Semifinals and had Western High School ranked as a top five team in the State for the 2011 season. Boyd received the 2010 Coach of the Year Award. Powerhouse Western High School won four straight District titles and played for three straight Regional Championships winning 2010.

title: LaVell Boyd


text:
Specious present

The specious present is the time duration wherein one's perceptions are considered to be in the present.

Description
The term was coined by E. Robert Kelly, who wrote under the pseudonym "E. R. Clay". In The Alternative: A Study in Psychology, he wrote:The relation of experience to time has not been profoundly studied. Its objects are given as being of the present, but the part of time referred to by the datum is a very different thing from the conterminous of the past and future which philosophy denotes by the name Present. The present to which the datum refers is really a part of the past—a recent past—delusively given as being a time that intervenes between the past and the future. Let it be named the specious present, and let the past, that is given as being the past, be known as the obvious past. All the notes of a bar of a song seem to the listener to be contained in the present. All the changes of place of a meteor seem to the beholder to be contained in the present. At the instant of the termination of such series, no part of the time measured by them seems to be a past. Time, then, considered relatively to human apprehension, consists of four parts, viz., the obvious past, the specious present, the real present, and the future. Omitting the specious present, it consists of three ... nonentities—the past, which does not exist, the future, which does not exist, and their conterminous, the present; the faculty from which it proceeds lies to us in the fiction of the specious present.

The concept was further developed by philosopher William James. James defined the specious present to be "the prototype of all conceived times... the short duration of which we are immediately and incessantly sensible". C. D. Broad in "Scientific Thought" (1930) further elaborated on the concept of the specious present, arguing that it may be construed as the temporal equivalent of a sensory datum.

The specious present can be classed as a 'thick' conception of time perception, to be contrasted with 'thin' conceptions that see the present as instantaneous.

The concept raises some seemingly paradoxical problems. For example, Robin Le Poidevin notes that the specious present amounts to a duration in which events are both simultaneous and successive: "What we perceive, we perceive as present—as going on right now. Can we perceive a relation between two events without also perceiving the events themselves? If not, then it seems we perceive both events as present, in which case we must perceive them as simultaneous, and so not as successive after all."

title: Specious present


text:
Semigallia

Semigallia, also spelt Semigalia (Zemgale, Semgallen, Žiemgala, Semigalia, Zemgāl), is one of the Historical Latvian Lands located to the south of the Daugava river and to the north of the Saule region of Samogitia. The territory is split between Latvia and Lithuania, previously inhabited by the Semigallian Baltic tribe. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades. Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with Samogitians.

Name
The name of Semigallia appears in sources such as Seimgala, Zimgola and Sem[e]gallen. The -gal[l] element means "border" or "end", while the first syllable corresponds to ziem ("north"). So the Semigallians were the "people of the northern borderlands" i.e. the lower parts of the Mūša and Lielupe river valleys.

1st - 4th centuries
Between the 1st and the 4th century the cultural area of Semigallian reached its maximum size. In the north, the territory spread the Gulf of Riga and included a more extensive area of the coast. In the west, the boundary was marked by the streams Ežerupis and Vadakstis. In the east, the territory crossed Dauguva and included part of its right bank. The southern boundary was marked by Mūša river. Semigallians, Samogitians, Selonians and Latgalians constituted one cultural area.

5th - 9th centuries
In the 5th - 9th century, the territory occupied by Semigallians was reduced. They occupied a smaller area of the coast on the Gulf of Riga in the north and didn't reach the Daugava in the northeast.

In the 5th century, in the Lielupe river basin, a separate Semigallian tribe had formed. Their territory reached the Venta river in the west, the Baltic Sea in the north including the mouth of the river Lielupė, the Lėvuo and Mūša river basins in the East, and the northern borders of the Šiauliai and Panevėžys districts in present-day Lithuania in the south. They inhabited Žagarė, Pakruojis, Pasvalys, Linkuva and Joniškis.

9th - 13th centuries
Between the 9th and 13th centuries, Semigallian's territory reduced even more. Samogitians took lands in the southwest. Meanwhile, the former Semigallian territory in the east was principality of Koknese. The neighbouring tribes were the Livonians in the north, the Latgalians in the northeast, the Selonians in the east, the Aukštaitians in the south, the Samogitians in the southwest, and the Curonians in the west. The centre of western Semigallia was Tērvete, while the centre of eastern Semigallia was Mežotne, which was destroyed in 1220 by the Livonian Order. Six Semigallian lands were known in the first half of the 13th century: Dobene, Dobele, Silene, Spārnene, Tērvete, Upmale, Žagare.

1561–1795
Following the collapse of the Livonian Confederation, most of Semigallia belonged to the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a vassal duchy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

Language
The Semigallian language belongs to the Eastern Baltic language group. It was spoken in the northern part of Lithuania and the southern regions of Latvia. It is believed to have been extinct by the 16th century. Part of the Semigallians assimilated into the Latvians, and another part into the Lithuanians.

History
The name Semigallia was mentioned for the first time in Scandinavian sources. The Danish chronicle Annales Ryenses mentions that Danish Vikings conquered "the whole of Prussia, Semigallia and many other lands" around 870. The Yngvars saga, in the 11th century, mentions Semigallians (Seimgaler) as tribute payers to Sweden. The Mervala stone in Sweden contains runic inscriptions which read:

 * sirið · lit · ræisa · stæn · (þin)a · at · suæin · sinn · (b)unta · h(n) · uft · siklt · til · simkala · turu(m) · knæri · um · tumisnæs.

Which, in English, translates as:

 * Si(g)rid erected this stone for Swen, her husband; he often sailed to Semigallia (Simkala) on his precious ship, passing Dómisnes (Cape Kolka).

In the first half of the 13th century, settlements along the Daugava river were quite often attacked by the Lithuanians. The Livonian Order, which had begun conquering eastern Semigallia around the same period, made an alliance with the Semigallians and the Latgalians against the Lithuanians. In the winter of 1205, an army of Semigallians led by Viestards attacked the forces of Lithuanian Duke Žvelgaitis, who was returning from a war against Estonia with booty and Estonian slaves. His troops were caught unaware while crossing waist-high snowdrifts. Žvelgaitis was killed by a javelin thrown by the German Theodore Schilling. 1,200 Lithuanian knights perished; the Estonian slaves were slaughtered as well, in retribution for "past crimes" against the Livonians. In 1208, Viestards led a united Semigallian and crusader army into Lithuania but was defeated. In 1220, Mežotne, the centre of eastern Semigallia was destroyed by the Livonian Order. In 1236, Semigallians participated in the decisive Battle of Saule along with Lithuanians against the Livonian Order. In the same year, an uprising started in eastern Semigallia.

For the Livonian Order, Semigallia was a strategic territory. Lithuanians passed through Semigallia to raid settlements in Livonia, and they took advantage of the winter ice pack in the Gulf of Riga to reach Oesel Island. Also, this territory kept the Livonian Branch of the Teutonic Order separated from the Prussian Branch.

Castles played an important role in the strategy of the Livonian Order to expand into the Semigallian territory. They followed the line of rivers and some of them were established on native fortification sites. In 1250, the whole of Semigallia was conquered by the Livonian Order. Four years later, they split this territory between themselves and the Bishopric of Riga. In 1258, the Semigallians rebelled and managed to temporarily liberate themselves. In 1265, the Livonian Order began construction of Jelgava castle (Mithow, Mytowe). In 1272, Semigallia finally succumbed to the Livonian Order.

In 1279, after the victory of the Lithuanians in the battle of Aizkraukle, the final Semigallian uprising started, led by Duke Nameisis. Nameisis acknowledged himself a vassal of Lithuanian Grand Duke Traidenis. In 1281, Nameisis, along with many of his compatriots, withdrew to Lithuania and, in the same year, took part in battles led by Traidenis against the Teutonic Order. In 1287, the Battle of Garoza was won by the Semigallians.

Semigallia remained split between the Livonian Order and Lithuania. Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas titled himself Duke of Semigallia (Gedeminne Dei gratia Letphanorum Ruthenorumque rex, princeps et dux Semigallie) in letters to the Pope.

The Semigallian language was spoken in the region until around the 16th century.

Present
Northern part of the ancient Semigallia is located in Latvia, southern part of it - in Lithuania.

Within present day Latvia, Semigallia has the status of one of five historical and cultural regions of Latvia. The region takes its name from the Baltic people known as Semigallians. Since the 13th century, Selonia has been included as part of Semigallia, and comprises the eastern part of the current electoral district of Zemgale. It takes its name from the Selonian Baltic tribe. Traditional Selonia also includes a portion of northeastern Lithuania. On the coat of arms of Latvia, Semigallia is represented along with Courland (Kurzeme), due to the historical connection between the two regions. Semigallia borders other historical Baltic regions such as Vidzeme (the southern part of former Swedish Livonia) to the northeast, Lithuanian Samogitia to the south, Courland to the west and Selonia to the east as well as the Gulf of Riga to the north. The geography of Semigallia consists mostly of plains and some hills. The Lielupe is the most important river after the Daugava. The major town is Jelgava (Mitau), the former capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.

The territory of the Semigallia region in Latvia is defined by law as follows: Jelgava city, Bauska Municipality, Dobele Municipality, Jelgava Municipality, part of Baldone Parish, Baldone city, Daugmale Parish, part of Ķekava Parish, part of Babīte Parish, Birzgale Parish, the part of Ķegums city on the left bank of the Daugava, Tome Parish, part of Olaine Parish, Jaunauce Parish, Ruba Parish, Vadakste Parish, Džūkste Parish, Jaunpils Parish, Lestene Parish and Slampe Parish.

In Lithuania, Semigallia (Žiemgala) is considered a historically and culturally Baltic region. Žiemgala is part of Aukštaitija; its main centres are Joniškis, Pakruojis, Žeimelis, Linkuva and Pasvalys. The museum of Semigallia opened in 1958 in Žeimelis.

title: Semigallia


text:
Talk:The Grim Grotto

Stuff
Mr. C

I think the problem of fiona's stepfather missing but she is a poopdeck and retarded and them not finding the suger bowl will play a role in the next book. Because do you think he would just make us wonder what what is so important about the bowl and where and what her stepfather was doing?

Also, we need to work on who was in that freaky question mark/comma submarine. It can't be someone good, because Cpt. Widdershins is scared of it, but it can't be on Count Olaf's side either, because Olaf's scared of it too. (LTT)

In the article titled Fiona it says that Klaus and Fiona have sex, I don't remember that!
 * Its probably vandalism.--CyberGhostface 11:20, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grimgrotto.jpg
Image:Grimgrotto.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:47, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grimgrotto.jpg
Image:Grimgrotto.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:02, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:The grim grotto uk.jpg
The image Image:The grim grotto uk.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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Plot Summary
I've removed the plot summary from this article - it's overly detailed, unsourced, and a lot of original research. I'd like to hear opinions as to why it should be kept. TN X Man 11:44, 27 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Nearly all plot summaries in articles are unsourced because they come from the book. We could at least have a notice saying that it contains a plot summary too overly detailed. I'm doing that. -- Glimmer721  talk  16:31, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Just because nearly all articles have overly detailed summaries doesn't mean this one should. Let's try to replace it with reliably sourced info instead of the Cliff's Notes version of the book. TN X Man  17:16, 13 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I didn't say all articles have overly detailed plot summaries. Most of the ASUE articles have no sources and long summaries. Why are you arguing this one?? -- Glimmer721  talk  20:00, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Grim Grotto


text:
Privilegium de non appellando

Within the Holy Roman Empire, the privilegium de non appellando (privilege of not appealing) was a privilege that could be granted by the emperor to an imperial estate. It limited the right of an estate's subjects to appeal cases from territorial courts to either of the imperial supreme courts, the Imperial Chamber Court (Reichskammergericht) or the Imperial Aulic Council (Reichshofrat). The privilege itself could be limited (limitatum) or unlimited (illimitatum). When unlimited, it effectively turned the highest territorial court into a court of last resort.

The privilege was highly prized by imperial estates, both because it lent prestige and because it furthered the integration of their administration by cutting off their judiciary from the rest of the Empire. Between the 16th and 18th century, virtually all the larger estates received the privilege. Almost all the Habsburg lands also had the privilege.

Even the unlimited privilege was not in fact absolute. It did not apply when a subject was given no recourse to territorial courts (refusal of justice, Rechtsverweigerung) or when a ruler refused to implement a court decision (delay of justice, Rechtsverzögerung). In such cases the subject could go to an imperial court.

title: Privilegium de non appellando


text:
Who Killed the Zutons?

Who Killed...... The Zutons? is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Zutons, released via Deltasonic on 19 April 2004. The album's last known sales are that of 581,088 as of July 2006.

Background and recording
The Zutons formed in early 2002; their line-up initially consisted of Dave McCabe on vocals and guitar, Boyan Chowdhury on guitar, Russell Pritchard on bass and Sean Payne on drums, with Abi Harding joining them sometime later on saxophone. They signed to Deltasonic, who were known for releasing the work of the Coral. "Devil's Deal", the Zuton's debut single, appeared in September 2002, and was followed up by "Creepin' an' a Crawlin in May 2003. For their debut album, they worked with producer Ian Broudie of the Lightning Seeds, who had previously worked with the Coral. Jon Gray served as engineer; the bulk of the tracks were recorded at RAK Studios in London, while "You Will You Won't" and "Long Time Coming" were done at Parr Street Studios in Liverpool. The NME reported that the band were finishing up the album in December 2003. Most of the songs were mixed at Elevator Studios in Liverpool, except for "Confusion", "Railroad" and "Remember Me", which were done at RAK. Ted Jensen then mastered the album at Sterling Sound at New York City. In August 2004, "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)" was recorded at Toe Rag Studios in London. Made with producer and engineer Liam Watson, The track was mastered by Noel Summerville at Transfermation, also in London.

Composition and lyrics
Musically, the sound of the album has been described as folk, garage rock and indie pop, rooted in blues rock. AllMusic reviewer Jason Damas compared the band's sound to that of their labelmates the Coral, "from their Love/Animals-influenced ruckus down to their Scouse accents". Exclaim! writer Cam Lindsay said the band "fus[ed] swampy blues, '60s psych-rock, offbeat folk and the timeless Liverpudlian pop hooks" of bands the Beatles, the La's and Shack. Gareth Gobson of Drowned in Sound thought that as the Zutons had a "decidedly darker heart than their current Liverpudlian peers", he considered a comparison to brothers John and Michael Head of Shack was more appropriate. Other comparisons were made to the work of Led Zeppelin, Traffic and Frank Zappa. Blender Jody Rosen said the merged a "hodgepodge of influences (Dr. John, old-ska, trashy ’60s garage rock, Johnny Cash) with goofy B-movie atmosphere, then turn up the fuzztones". BBC Music reviewer Richard Banks wrote that McCabe "classes the band's sound as a 'soul-funk-voodoo vibe as highlighted in "Zuton Fever" and "Dirty Dancehall", "but touches of ska and country are also discernible". Prabjote Osahn arranged the strings, which were performed by Osahn, Stella Page, Amanda Drummond and Isabelle Dunn.

The album's opening track, "Zuton Fever", begins with a Spaghetti Western-type guitar riff; McCabe discuses bones, epidemics and having a fever. The subsequent saxophone and bass parts earned it a comparison to Eastern European folk music. McCabe said it was inspired by "Love Is an Epidemic" by the Ink Spots. "Pressure Point" is a garage boogie track, with doo-wop vocal harmonies, while McGabe's voice was reminiscent of Eric Burdon. NME writer Tim Jonze thought it "builds from an unhinged tribal warble into a screeching vocal meltdown". "You Will You Won't", which showcases McCabe's vocal range, evoked "Crosstown Traffic" (1968) by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Rosen called "Confusion" a "Nashville-on-Mersey weeper" akin to "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (1968) by Otis Redding, featuring Stax-esque parts from Harding and a bicycle horn. The band said Deltasonic founder Alan Wills was not impressed with the song's chorus, prompting McCabe to re-write it later the same day. The song's saxophone part was initially planned to be played on guitar until it was changed.

"Havana Gang Brawl" has Scouse-tinged jangly guitarwork, with an intro part that recalled the Zombies. It talks about turf wars, and was reminiscent of Dire Straits. "Railroad" describes a woman being sent a love letter from her immigrant-working partner. Chowdhury said McCabe played a Chinese-styled scale, to which he responded by saying: "right a song about the Chinese who built the railroads in America". "Long Time Coming" is a guitar pop song that comes across as a mix of the Coral and Franz Ferdinand, with harmonies that reminded McCabe of Tina Turner. "Nightmare Part II" is about having a fever dream. Entertainment Weekly writer Timothy Gunatilaka said Harding's "soulful fluttering adds a delicate beauty" to "Not a Lot to Do", which laments the inertia of a Sunday afternoon. "Remember Me" is a Merseybeat track driven by horns, which Dobson said served as a "eulogy to a best mate lost to romance". "Dirty Dancehall" is about McCabe's love–hate relationship with Liverpool. "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)" discusses a man who almost jumps off a cliff before he changes his mind; McCabe explained: "You know, about how your head races all the time. I think that’s part of growing up really, you don’t realise what’s wrong with you".

Release

In February 2004, the band went on tour with Dogs Die in Hot Cars; on 27 February 2004, Who Killed...... The Zutons? was announced for release in two months' time. In March 2004, the band toured as part of the NME Brat Pack Tour alongside 22-20s. "You Will You Won't" was released as a single on 5 April 2004. Who Killed...... The Zutons? was released on 19 April 2004 through Deltasonic. Early copies of the album came with a free bonus disc containing alternate versions of four Zutons tracks. The LP version came with Zutons brand 3D glasses. It was promoted an instore performance at the Virgin Megastores in London, and then with a UK tour that lasted until May 2004 with support from the Dead 60s. The last two shows were cancelled after Payne was taken to hospital after breaking his fingers. At the end of the month, the band went on a brief Japanese tour with Paul Maguire, formerly of the Stairs filling in, alongside the Bandits. The two cancelled shows were rescheduled for the following month, surrounding the release of "Remember Me" on 21 June 2004.

Shortly after this, the band performed at the Glastonbury Festival. In October 2004, the band embarked on a tour of the UK. The last four shows were postponed as Payne had come down with a viral infection. Coinciding with this, "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)" was released as a single on 4 October 2004. The US edition of the album, released 19 October 2004, closed with the single "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)". The UK reissue, released the previous day, also added this track onto the end. Following this, the band supported the Thrills on their headlining tour of the US. They then supported the Killers on their US tour, which included a one-off headlining show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In December 2004, the band went on a short tour, with all of the postponed shows from earlier, culminating in two shows at the Royal Court Theatre in Liverpool. In the midst of this, they supported Muse for two shows at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London. Harding was unable to join the Zutons for the Ireland dates on the trek as she has been diagnosed with sinusitis. "Confusion" was released as a single on 13 December 2004. In February 2005, the band embarked on a tour of the US; the following month, they played a short, four-date tour of the UK. In June and July 2005, the band supported R.E.M. on their headlining stadium tour of the UK. The Zutons pulled out of the Hyde Park, London date of the trek, and were replaced by Johnathan Rice and Feeder.

Reception
Who Killed...... The Zutons? was met with generally favourable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 73, based on 15 reviews.

Many reviewers remarked on the mix of musical styles. Damas said complimented the variety of older forms, "very much 'dad rock' if you will, though it's injected with just enough fun that it doesn't sound like an entirely retro exercise". He said the most effective "moments come when the band expands their sonic palette", highlighting "Remember Me". Blender writer Jody Rosen felt that the band "more than deliver on the promise of a deranged band name", as the mix of styles were "weird, hook-filled, and irresistible". The Guardian critic Dave Simpson praised Broudie's production work, saying that he had the "unenviable job of pulling these disparate strands [of different styles] into a cohesive pop record but has emerged with far more silk purse than sow's ear". NME writer Tim Jonze felt that since the band were "clearly in love with their city's musical heritage, they're also desperate to shake free from it", adding that they were "declaring war on bollocks retro rock". The staff at Spin said that "somewhere between the Beefheart reference and the Ray Davies paeans [...] they find a woolly warmth and loopy generosity" few acts have offered since the self-titled debut album (1999) of the Beta Band. Banks considered it to be an "ambitious but fully accomplished debut that promises good times are ahead for the Liverpool five-piece".

Several critics gave comparisons to the Coral. God Is in the TV Alex Worsnip opened his review by remarking that the Zutons were the "first Coral tribute band" as the tracks "really could be mistaken by anyone for The Coral", from the instrumentation to McCabe's vocals. The Boston Phoenix writer Mikael Wood said the Zutons and the Coral had a shared sound, as they "view their loose, seemingly improvisational rock as a vessel to fill with whatever strikes their fancy". Damas said that it still "sounds like a lost Coral album down to every last detail, which means that it seems silly to venture here unless you've at least bought one Coral album already". Gobson, meanwhile, said it was "more accomplished and accessible than the first offering by the [Coral frontman James] Skelley crew", and explained that the "jangling trademark scouse pop" is what will "draw comparisons to the Hoylake lot". Simpson thought the Zutons were "if anything, more demented" than the Coral; adding to this, Pitchfork contributor Amanda Petrusich wrote that their "multi-decade larceny is more decisive and inventive than anything the Coral have unleashed". Gigwise Vicky Roberts reasoned that it was "more likely that the ‘Liverpool scene’, and the farrago which surrounded it like a billow of class c smoke, is actually to blame" for the comparisons. Stephen Ackroyd of DIY dismissed the Coral comparison, saying that despite sharing the same record label and hometown, the similarities ended there. He said that the Zutons were "twice as vital as Skelley and co, and that's one hell of a claim", adding that they were "much darker than any of their contemporaries". musicOMH contributor John Murphy agreed, saying that there was "more discipline exerted here, with no reliance on the so-called 'wacky' pot-head humour that The Coral sometimes get too involved with".

Who Killed...... The Zutons charted at number six in the UK, where it would be certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry in 2013. It also peaked at number five in Scotland, number 31 in Ireland, number 34 on the Heatseekers Albums chart in the US and number 122 in France. It had been nominated for the Mercury Prize, though ultimately lost; it is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Track listing
All songs written by Dave McCabe and the Zutons, except "Railroad" by McCabe, Sean Payne and the Zutons.

 * 1) "Zuton Fever" – 3:08
 * 2) "Pressure Point" – 3:16
 * 3) "You Will You Won't" – 2:54
 * 4) "Confusion" – 3:32
 * 5) "Havana Gang Brawl" – 4:30
 * 6) "Railroad" – 3:39
 * 7) "Long Time Coming" – 2:20
 * 8) "Nightmare Part II" – 3:00
 * 9) "Not a Lot to Do" – 3:47
 * 10) "Remember Me" – 3:20
 * 11) "Dirty Dancehall" – 4:09
 * 12) "Moons and Horror Shows" – 2:38

UK reissue / US edition bonus track
 * 1) "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)" – 2:42

Personnel
Personnel per booklet.

The Zutons
 * Dave McCabe – vocals, guitar
 * Boyan Chowdhury – guitar
 * Russell Pritchard – bass guitar
 * Sean Payne – drums
 * Abi Harding – saxophone

Additional musicians
 * Prabjote Osahn – arranger, strings
 * Stella Page – strings
 * Amanda Drummond – strings
 * Isabelle Dunn – strings

Production and design
 * Ian Broudie – producer (all except "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)")
 * Liam Watson – producer ("Don't Ever Think (Too Much)"), engineer ("Don't Ever Think (Too Much)")
 * Jon Gray – engineer (all except "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)")
 * Ted Jensen – mastering (all except "Don't Ever Think (Too Much)")
 * Noel Summerville – mastering ("Don't Ever Think (Too Much)")
 * Juno – art direction, design
 * Sam Jones – photograph

title: Who Killed the Zutons?


text:
Best of Bowie

Best of Bowie is a greatest hits album by English recording artist David Bowie. Released in October 2002, four months after the critical and commercial success of the Heathen album, the songs range from his second album, David Bowie (1969) to Heathen (2002). A DVD, also titled Best of Bowie, was also released.

Initially peaking at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart upon release in October 2002, the album entered the top 10 for the first time in January 2016, after Bowie's death, and reached a new peak of number 1, marking his eleventh UK number-one album. It also became the first album to reach number 1 in the UK due to streaming. Best of Bowie has been certified 4× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of over 1,200,000.

CD release
In each of the 21 territories that Best of Bowie was released, it was given its own track listing, based upon which songs were most popular in that region. In some countries, two versions were available – single-disc and double-disc versions. In all, 63 tracks appear in at least one of the different releases. The country the edition came from can be identified by a small national flag on the spine, except for the Argentine/Mexican, Eastern European and UK editions, which are "flag-less". Some regions included rare versions of some songs, such as the New Zealand version, which included a previously unreleased 4:01 edit of "Magic Dance" (1986) (mis-labeled as the 'single version'), and the Chilean edition which included the first-ever CD release of the single version of "Underground" (1986).

DVD release
This release superseded previous video releases (such as Bowie – The Video Collection (1993)) and was, at the time, described as the "most extensive collection of Bowie videos yet released." Videos were restored and remastered at Abbey Road Interactive. The DVD also included extensive easter eggs including live, remixed and alternate versions of some songs, hidden by navigating the DVD in specific ways.

The videos for "China Girl", "Loving the Alien", "Day-In Day-Out", and "The Hearts Filthy Lesson" are the censored versions of the original videos.

2003 and 2004 re-releases
In November 2003, the US/Canada single-disc version was re-released to include a new bonus DVD which included new audio and video remixes from Club Bowie (2003). In 2004, to coincide with Bowie's A Reality Tour reaching the Far East, an "Asian Tour Edition" was released that combined the original UK release with the bonus DVD as well.

Chart performance
Initially peaking at number 11 in October 2002 on the UK Albums Chart, the album entered the top 10 for the first time in January 2016, following Bowie's death. On 5 February, after his final album Blackstar had spent three weeks at the top, Best of Bowie reached a new peak of number 1, marking Bowie's eleventh UK number-one album and making him the first artist to replace themselves at number 1 with a different album since Michael Jackson did it after his own death in 2009. It also became the first album to reach number 1 in the UK on streams alone.

Track listings
All tracks written by David Bowie except as noted. Track listings note: The first unique track reference contains all information pertaining to that song and version, including song writing credits, source and length. Subsequent references only mention song and version unless where noted.

UK and rest of Europe except Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Denmark (2 CD)
CD: EMI / 5 39821 2 (UK) // EMI 7243 5 39821 2 6 (Europe)

CD 1

CD 2

US and Canada (1 CD Version)
CD: Virgin-EMI / 5 41929 2 (US) // EMI 7243 5 42244 2 5 (Canada)

US and Canada (2 CD Version)
CD: Virgin-EMI / 7243 5 41930 2 (US) // EMI 7243 5 42244 2 3 (Canada)

CD 1

CD 2

Belgium (1 CD)
CD: EMI / 5 41888 2 (Belgium)

Germany, Switzerland and Austria (1 CD)
CD: EMI / 5 41912 2 (Germany/Switzerland/Austria)

Denmark (2 CD)
CD: EMI / 5 41918 2 (Denmark)

CD 1

CD 2

Australia (1 CD)
CD: EMI / 7243 5 42075 2 (Australia)

New Zealand (2 CD)
CD: EMI 7243 5 41925 2 4 (New Zealand)

CD 1

CD 2

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (1 CD)
CD: EMI 7243541900-2 (Colombia/Ecuador/Peru/Venezuela)

Hong Kong (3 CD)
CD: EMI / 5 77949 2 (Hong Kong)

CD 1

CD 2

CD 3

 * Album released in 2004.

Argentina and Mexico (1 CD)
CD: EMI / 7243 5 41916 2 6 (Argentina/Mexico)

Brazil (1 CD)
CD: EMI / 7243 5 41899 2 0 (Brazil)

Japan and Thailand (1 CD)
CD: Toshiba-EMI / TOCP-67061 (Japan/Thailand)

US (2003 Limited Edition 1 CD with bonus DVD)
CD same as 2002 US and Canada 1 CD version Bonus DVD: / Virgin/EMI 5 95692 0 (US)

DVD track listing
DVD content identical worldwide

DVD 1

DVD 2

title: Best of Bowie


text:
Al-Dawood Air

Al-Dawood Air was a cargo airline based in Lagos, Nigeria, operating worldwide cargo flights out of Ostend-Bruges International Airport, Belgium, and Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos.

Al-Dawood Air was founded in 2002 as a subsidiary of the Al-Dawood Group, and ceased operations in 2005.

Fleet
The Al-Dawood Air fleet consisted of only one Douglas DC-8 Series 63F aircraft.

title: Al-Dawood Air


text:
Jane Loevinger

Jane Loevinger Weissman (February 6, 1918 – January 4, 2008) was an American developmental psychologist who developed a theory of personality which emphasized the gradual internalization of social rules and the maturing conscience for the origin of personal decisions. She also contributed to the theory of measurements by introducing the coefficient of test homogeneity. In the tradition of developmental stage models, Loevinger integrated several "frameworks of meaning-making" into a model of humans' constructive potentials that she called ego development (or in German, Ich-Entwicklung). The essence of the ego is the striving to master, to integrate, and make sense of experience. She also is credited with the creation of an assessment test, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test.

Early life
Jane Loevinger was the third of five children born to Gustavus Loevinger and Millie Strause, and was born into a Jewish American family.

Education and accomplishments
As a child, Loevinger showed proficiency among her classmates, often achieving far above the rest. She went to the University of Minnesota in hopes of pursuing Psychology, where she was told that this major was too mathematical for her. Despite the odds, Loevinger declared her major as Psychology and managed to graduate magna cum laude at the young age of 19 years old. She then went on to earn her master of science degree in psychometrics at the age of 21. Still intrigued with the world of psychology, Loevinger went on to enroll in graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, where she was a research assistant for Erik Erikson.

In 1943, Loevinger married Samuel Isaac Weissman (June 25, 1912 – June 12, 2007), a scientist who contributed to the Manhattan Project. They had a son and a daughter. Samuel Weissman worked on the weapon design of the atomic bomb in New Mexico, while Loevinger stayed at Berkeley to finish her dissertation. The family then moved to St. Louis where Jane taught part-time at the Washington University in St. Louis.

After growing frustrated with her time teaching and facing the societal pressures of being a working mother, Loevinger decided to begin her own research, specifically about women and mothers. During this time, Loevinger and her research team developed a number of studies and findings, including the renowned Washington University Sentence Completion Test.

title: Jane Loevinger


text:
Things We Said Today

"Things We Said Today" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. It was released in July 1964 as the B-side to the single "A Hard Day's Night" and on their album of the same name, except in North America, where it appeared on the album Something New. The band recorded the song twice for BBC Radio and regularly performed an abbreviated version during their 1964 North American tour.

McCartney wrote the song while holidaying in the United States Virgin Islands with his girlfriend, actress Jane Asher. The lyrics address the singer's love for a girl despite the distance between them. McCartney later described the song as exhibiting "future nostalgia", being "nostalgic about the moment we're living in now." The music is melodically complex, using chords more typical of classical music and jazz than pop music. Between verses, it changes between major and minor keys, while the lyrics shift between the first and third person, and between the future and present tense.

"Things We Said Today" has received a favourable response from several music critics. Some reviewers said the song is more like John Lennon's style than McCartney's, with others comparing its mood to Lennon's "I'll Be Back". The song has been interpreted as relating to difficulties in McCartney's relationship with Asher, caused partly by their pursuits of different careers.

Background and composition

Paul McCartney wrote "Things We Said Today" in May 1964 while holidaying in the United States Virgin Islands. He and his girlfriend Jane Asher travelled to Saint Thomas for the month with bandmate Ringo Starr and his girlfriend Maureen Cox. Hiring a private yacht with a crew, the Happy Days, the couples spent their time fishing, swimming and listening to Calypso music. McCartney bought a cheap acoustic guitar to "keep in practice", playing it below deck in his cabin one afternoon to distract from his seasickness. A July 1964 piece in The Beatles Monthly Book quotes him as saying: "There was something about the atmosphere there that made me quite keen on writing new songs in the evenings."

"Things We Said Today" is mostly in the natural minor key of A and is in 4/4 (common time). The song plays on alternating major and minor chords, with A minor playing in the verses before the release changes to A major. The transitions are marked by a change in harmony and an acoustic guitar flourish. The song is melodically horizontal, using chord changes typical in both classical music and jazz. It consistently uses a B♭ chord, which musicologist Alan W. Pollack writes "adds even more spice to both the melody and harmony", and is suggestive of the "exotic Phrygian mode". The chord is first heard at 0:23, substituting for a more typical change of F minor. Between verses, the song includes an extra bar of I as a vamp.

Musicologist Walter Everett writes the song's verse–refrain has an "SRDC" structure: Statement–Restatement–Departure–Conclusion. The lyrics affirm the singer's love for a girl despite the long distance between them. McCartney described the song as a "future nostalgia", with the song "[projecting] itself into the future and then is nostalgic about the moment we're living in now". In the verses the lyrics sing of the future and are in the third person, while the release changes to the present tense and the first person.

Everett writes that the "strumming of the minor chord on acoustic guitar" and "vocal arpeggiation" are reminiscent of Bob Dylan's 1963 song "Masters of War", though "the lyrics are worlds apart". He compares George Harrison's chiming of his Gretsch Country Gent guitar on the song's verse to the chiming he does on his Rickenbacker 12-string throughout the album.

Recording
The Beatles recorded several songs for A Hard Day's Night on 2 June 1964, including "Things We Said Today". Recording in EMI's Studio Two, George Martin produced the session, assisted by balance engineer Norman Smith. After one false start, take two included both vocals and an instrumental backing. For take three, the band overdubbed several parts onto take two, with McCartney double-tracking his vocal, Starr adding a tambourine and John Lennon playing the piano. The band returned the following day, adding unspecified overdubs to the track.

While the Beatles were away on their 1964 world tour, Martin, again assisted by Smith, returned to EMI on 9 June 1964. In Studio Three, they mixed "Things We Said Today" for mono from take three. They returned on 22 June to mix much of the album in Studio One, including "Things We Said Today" for stereo. Both mixes omit Lennon's piano overdub, but, due to audio leakage from the other instrument's microphones, it is still heard slightly on the released version.

Release and reception
EMI's Parlophone label released "Things We Said Today" as the B-side to "A Hard Day's Night" in the UK on 10 July 1964. On the same day, they released the album A Hard Day's Night, with "Things We Said Today" sequenced as the tenth track, between "I'll Cry Instead" and "When I Get Home". The single remained number one for four weeks, while the album held the spot for 21 weeks. In the US – where Capitol Records altered the Beatles' albums track listings, reducing the number of songs and using single A- and B-sides to create further album releases – the song was instead released on the North American album Something New. Released on 20 July 1964, "Things We Said Today" is sequenced as the second track, between "I'll Cry Instead" and "Any Time At All". The album was number two for nine weeks, behind the Beatles' soundtrack album A Hard Day's Night. Both McCartney and Lennon were particularly fond of "Things We Said Today", with McCartney calling it "a sophisticated little tune".

Lennon dominated the songwriting of A Hard Day's Night; "Things We Said Today" is one of only three McCartney compositions on the album, the other two being "And I Love Her" and "Can't Buy Me Love". Journalist Mark Hertsgaard contends that, despite this disparity, McCartney's three compositions are equal to Lennon's best contributions. He considers "Things We Said Today" one of the five "masterworks" of the album, and that it "[comes] close to outshining" its A-side, "A Hard Day's Night". Music critic Wilfrid Mellers calls the song the Beatles' deepest and most beautiful song to that point. In particular, he writes that the lyric "Deep in love / Not a lot to say" is "precisely that the love experience is too deep for words. [And the music] acts this out, creating an experience no longer just happy but full of awe".

Author Jonathan Gould calls "Things We Said Today" a "darkly beautiful love song", writing that McCartney "holding out the ends of his lines" suggests his hope to "prolong the happiness of the present moment". Author Chris Ingham calls the song "skillful" and "haunting", displaying the same "minor-major ambivalence" heard on Lennon's "I'll Be Back". Howard Kramer of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame also compares it to "I'll Be Back", saying they both "ring slightly of melancholy" and anticipate the style of songs heard eighteen months later on Rubber Soul. Writing for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger contends that the song was McCartney's most mature to that point. He writes that, in hindsight, its rapidly strummed acoustic guitar triplets signaled the band's turn to folk rock, pointing out that the American folk rock band the Byrds covered it in their early live shows. Tom Ewing of Pitchfork describes the song as "wintry and philosophical before the surprising, stirring middle eight". Journalist Robert Sandall suggests that the song's "mood of brooding reverie" is more closely aligned with fan's perceptions of Lennon's feelings than McCartney's. Writer Ian MacDonald also states it is closer in style to Lennon than McCartney, further writing that the song "established a model of strident dramatic contrasts" for the Beatles' next album, Beatles for Sale, heard in songs like "Baby's In Black", "Every Little Thing", "I Don't Want to Spoil the Party" and "No Reply".

In McCartney's authorised biography, Many Years From Now, Barry Miles writes that, like "And I Love Her", the song was inspired by McCartney and Asher's relationship and the frequent separation from one another they experienced due to their busy careers. MacDonald similarly writes that the sombre lyric of "Things We Said Today" was inspired by the interruptions in McCartney and Asher's relationship.

BBC Radio and live versions
British law in the 1960s compelled BBC Radio to play material recorded especially for the medium. In keeping with this practice, the Beatles played "Things We Said Today" twice for radio, recording for the BBC Light Programmes Top Gear and From Us to You on 14 and 17 July 1964, respectively. The former, broadcast two days later, was the first Top Gear programme to run on BBC Radio 1. EMI included this performance on the album Live at the BBC, released in the UK and US on 30 November and 6 December 1994, respectively. The album achieved number one on the UK Music Week top 75 and number three on the Billboard 200.

The Beatles regularly performed an abbreviated version of the song during their 1964 North American tour. MacDonald writes the song's combination of "ease and effectiveness" secured its inclusion in their set list. Capitol, hoping to release a live album of the band in the US market, recorded their 23 August 1964 concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles but deemed the recording of insufficient quality for release. In 1977, Capitol approached Martin and engineer Geoff Emerick to re-edit the tapes, along with a 30 August 1965 concert. EMI released the resulting album, The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl, on 6 May 1977, with "Things We Said Today" sequenced as the sixth track, between "Can't Buy Me Love" and "Roll Over Beethoven". Apple released a remixed and remastered version of the album on 9 September 2016, re-titled as Live at the Hollywood Bowl. Calling the song "often-overlooked", Beatles writer Robert Rodriguez writes that the live version of "Things We Said Today" features a "rave-up bridge". Unterberg suggests that, while the song is often overlooked in modern-day listening, its inclusion in the Beatles' 1964 set list points to its major contemporaneous impact.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:

 * Paul McCartney – double tracked vocal, bass
 * John Lennon – acoustic rhythm guitar, piano
 * George Harrison – lead guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine

title: Things We Said Today


text: File:HollandCover.jpg

title: File:HollandCover.jpg


text:
Mole (architecture)

A mole is a massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater, or a causeway separating two bodies of water. A mole may have a wooden structure built on top of it that resembles a wooden pier. The defining feature of a mole, however, is that water cannot freely flow underneath it, unlike a true pier. The oldest known mole is at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor complex on the Red Sea, constructed ca. 2500 BCE.

The word comes from Middle French mole, ultimately from Latin mōlēs, meaning a large mass, especially of rock; it has the same root as molecule and mole, the chemical unit of measurement.

San Francisco Bay Area
In the San Francisco Bay Area in California, there were several moles, combined causeways and wooden piers or trestles extending from the eastern shore and utilized by various railroads, such as the Key System, Southern Pacific Railroad (two), and Western Pacific Railroad: the Alameda Mole, the Oakland Mole, and the Western Pacific Mole. By extending the tracks the railroads could get beyond the shallow mud flats and reach the deeper waters of the Bay that could be navigated by the Bay Ferries. A train fell off the Alameda Mole through an open drawbridge in 1890 killing several people. None of the four Bay Area moles survive today, although the causeway portions of each were incorporated into the filling in of large tracts of marshland for harbor and industrial development.

A large mole was completed in 1947 at the San Francisco Naval Shipyard in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood of San Francisco to accommodate the large Hunters Point gantry crane. The mole required 3000000 cuyd of fill.

Dunkirk evacuation
The two concrete moles protecting the outer harbour at Dunkirk played a significant part in the evacuation of British and French troops during World War II in May to June 1940. The harbour had been made unusable by German bombing and it was clear that troops were not going to be taken directly off the beaches fast enough. Naval captain William Tennant had been placed ashore to take charge of the navy shore parties and organise the evacuation. Tennant had what proved to be the highly successful idea of using the East Mole to take off troops. The moles had never been designed to dock ships, but despite this, the majority of troops rescued from Dunkirk were taken off in this way. James Campbell Clouston, pier master on the east mole, organised and regulated the flow of men on that site.

Churchill Barriers
The Churchill Barriers are a series of four causeways in the Orkney Islands with a total length of 1.5 miles (2.4 km). They link the Orkney Mainland in the north to the island of South Ronaldsay via Burray and the two smaller islands of Lamb Holm and Glimps Holm.

The barriers were built in the 1940s as naval defences to protect the anchorage at Scapa Flow. They were commissioned following the sinking of HMS Royal Oak in 1939 by German U-boat U-47 which had penetrated the existing defences of sunken blockships and anti-submarine nets. The barriers now serve as road links, carrying the A961 road from Kirkwall to Burwick.

Heptastadion
Notable in antiquity was the Heptastadion, a giant mole built in the 3rd century BC in the city of Alexandria, Egypt to join the city to Pharos Island where the Pharos lighthouse stood. The causeway formed a barrier separating Alexandria's oceanfront into two distinct harbours, an arrangement which had the advantage of protecting the harbours from the force of the strong westerly coastal current. The Heptastadion is also believed to have served as an aqueduct while Pharos was inhabited, and geophysical research indicates that it was part of the road network of the ancient city. Silting over the years resulted in the former dyke disappearing under several metres of accumulated silt and soil upon which the Ottomans built a town from 1517 onwards. Part of the modern city of Alexandria is now built on the site.

English Tangier
The Kingdom of England acquired the north African city of Tangier as English Tangier in 1661 as part of King Charles II's marriage settlement with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza, who became Queen of England and Scotland.

A mole (a large breakwater) was then designed to improve the harbour and was planned to be 1436 ft long. The cost was about £340,000, and the improved harbour was to be 600 yd long, 30 ft deep at low tide, and capable of keeping out the roughest of seas. Work began on the mole in August 1663 and continued for some years under a succession of Governors.

With an improved harbour the town could have played the same role that Gibraltar later played in British naval strategy.

However, Parliament expressed concern about the cost of maintaining the Tangier garrison, and by 1680 King Charles II had threatened to give up Tangier unless the supplies were voted for its sea defences. A crippling blockade by the Jaysh al-Rifi finally forced the English to withdraw from Tangier in 1683. The King gave secret orders to abandon the city, level the fortifications, destroy the harbour, and evacuate the troops. Samuel Pepys was present at the evacuation and wrote an account of it.

Stone quaysides
Stone quaysides are sometimes called moles. A well-known example is the Molo in Venice. It is the site of the Doge's Palace and two pillars which form a gateway to the sea. It has been depicted numerous times by artists such as Canaletto.

Namibia
In Swakopmund, on the coast of Namibia, a mole was built in 1899. Designed by the engineer F. W. Oftloff, it was intended to develop the city's harbour. However, the Benguela Current continually deposited sand onto the mole until it became a promontory. The adjacent area has since become a popular leisure beach, known as the Mole Beach.

title: Mole (architecture)


text:
Gold Teeth Thief

Gold Teeth Thief is a live-recorded DJ mix by DJ and producer DJ /rupture, which he self-released in 2001 as a CD-R and internet download. It was subsequently rereleased by Violent Turd, (a sublabel of Tigerbeat6) in August 2002 and named one of the "50 Records of the Year" by The Wire in 2001. The mixtape consists of forty-three tracks in sixty-eight minutes, including breakcore, ragga and Arabic folk music, as well as popular music.

Part A (31:39)

 * 1) Missy Elliott Get Ur Freak On (Elektra),  Nas Oochie Wally (instrumental) (Columbia),   Ricky Dog aka Bling Dog Risen to the Top (Massive Sounds)
 * 2) DJ Scud Badman Time (Ambush)
 * 3) Barrington Levy Here I Come - Jungle (Greensleeves), Nettle Duende (Soot)
 * 4) Dead Prez Cop Shot (Raptivism),  Monie Muss Crew Thugz Riddim (Greensleeves),   Spragga Benz Certain Bwoy (Greensleeves)
 * 5) Bounty Killer Corrupt System (Greensleeves),  Snares Man Breakbeat Malaria (History of the Future),  Tommy Zwedberg Hanging (Fylkingen),  Kid606 Get Yr Kicks On Route 606 (Vinyl Communications),   Luciano Berio Visage (Turnabout),   Venetian Snares Boarded Up Swan Entrance (Planet Mu),  Larbi Lamtougi Salhine Assalihate (Casaphone)
 * 6) Nettle Duende (DJ Scud's In Chains Remix) (Soot), Shabba Ranks Peanie Peanie (Digital B)
 * 7) Quincy Bruce Lee MC (Ninja Tune)
 * 8) DJ /rupture Descarriada (Broklyn Beats)

Part B (35:29)

 * 1) Dahlena Dabka (DJ Dance Records)
 * 2) Non Phixion Four W's Instrumental (Serchlite), Djivan Gasparyan Dle Yaman (Opal),   Wu-Tang Clan Reunited (Funkstörung's Mix) (K7!),   Nettle Untitled (white label)
 * 3) Cannibal Ox Vein (Def Jux), Sub Dub Dawa Zango (theAgriculture)"
 * 4) DJ /rupture Rumbo Babylon (Broklyn Beats)
 * 5) Missing Links No Lodge (Primeight),  DJ /rupture Taqsim Distorsionada (Soot)"
 * 6) Rude Ass Tinker U Can't Touch This (Planet Mu),  DJ /rupture feat. Mercedes Ferrer (white label),   John Wall Track 1 (Utterpsalm),   Moosaka w/ Splice Airbrushing (Street Forest)
 * 7) Welmo Romero & Splice Si A Plomo Vives (DJ /rupture's Lead Poisoning Remix) (Broklyn Beats)
 * 8) Project Pat Chickenhead (Loud), Nettle Duppy (Soot)
 * 9) Ilhan Mimaroglu Agony (Turnabout),  Nettle Ensamblaje (Soot),  Oval Shop In Store (Thrill Jockey)
 * 10) Muslimgauze The Taliban (Jara), Paul Simon w/ Ladysmith Black Mambazo Homeless (Warner Bros.)  Miriam Makeba Djiguinira (Syliphone)

title: Gold Teeth Thief


text:
Helder Francisco Malauene

Helder Francisco Malauene is a Mozambican politician. He is a member of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of the African Union and is also Chairman of the Social Affairs and Health Committee.

title: Helder Francisco Malauene


text:
You Can't Do That

"You Can't Do That" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and released by the English rock band the Beatles as the B-side of their sixth British single "Can't Buy Me Love". It was later released on their third UK album A Hard Day's Night (1964). A live rendition of the song was released on the 2016 re-release of The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl.

Composition
One of Lennon's semi-autobiographical songs, "You Can't Do That" "contradicted the genial tone with its tense threats, sexual paranoia and nagging, dragging groove", wrote Robert Sandall. The song's theme of jealousy was revisited in other Lennon compositions, such as "Run for Your Life" and "Jealous Guy". Influenced by the then relatively unknown Wilson Pickett, it is rooted in the twelve-bar blues form, with Lennon introducing a discordant sharp 9th (F) on the D7th chord, pointedly emphasising "…I told you before…" and then pushing this note for the exasperated "Oh!" before resolving to the song's key of G. Lennon also composed and played the guitar solo. The work reflected Lennon's love for hard-edged American R&B—"a cowbell going four in the bar and the chord going chatoong!" as he put it.

George Harrison wrote the intro and outro guitar riff in the studio, according to Tom Petty in Rolling Stone. When asked by Petty how he came up with it, Harrison recalled "I was just standing there [in the studio] and thought, 'I've got to do something!'".

With filming due to begin on A Hard Day's Night, film director Richard Lester needed the Beatles to provide him with original material ahead of production; "You Can't Do That" was selected to be part of the Scala Theatre "live performance" scene in the film, but was dropped from the final cut along with "I'll Cry Instead" and "I Call Your Name". The recording took nine takes to complete, and was considered for the A-side of their next single until McCartney wrote "Can't Buy Me Love".

Recording and release
"You Can't Do That" was recorded on Tuesday, 25 February 1964, in EMI Studios in London. An early take with a guide vocal is included on Anthology 1. It was the first song completed in the week before the Beatles began filming A Hard Day's Night, though "I Should Have Known Better" and "And I Love Her" were also started on the same day.

Whilst in New York for The Ed Sullivan Show, guitarist George Harrison was presented with a Rickenbacker 360 Deluxe electric 12-string guitar worth $900 in 1964 ($ now). Only the second one produced, it was recorded for the first time on "You Can't Do That" and gave the song its distinctive chiming sound.

The song was first released as the B-side of the "Can't Buy Me Love" single on 16 March 1964 in the United States by Capitol Records and on 20 March 1964 in the United Kingdom by Parlophone. It was the Beatles' seventh US single and sixth UK single. It was later included on the A Hard Day's Night album in the UK, and The Beatles' Second Album in the US.

The Beatles were filmed miming to "You Can't Do That" as part of the final concert sequence in the A Hard Day's Night film. The filming took place on 31 March 1964 at the Scala Theatre in London, but was not used. It was, however, broadcast on The Ed Sullivan Show on 24 May. The performance is included in the documentary The Making of "A Hard Day's Night".

The Beatles recorded "You Can't Do That" four times for BBC radio in 1964. It also became a part of the group's live repertoire that year, and was the second song in their set—after "Twist And Shout"—during their Australian and North American tours.

According to Mark Lewisohn's book The Beatles Recording Sessions, George Martin overdubbed a piano track to Take 9 on 22 May 1964, ostensibly for the album version of this song, but it was never used.

Personnel
Per Ian MacDonald:

 * John Lennon – lead vocal, lead and rhythm guitar
 * Paul McCartney – backing vocal, bass guitar, cowbell
 * George Harrison – backing vocal, 12-string lead guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums, bongos

Nilsson version
"You Can't Do That" was covered by Harry Nilsson for his debut album Pandemonium Shadow Show (1967). Nilsson re-arranged the song making it somewhat slower. He also worked references to 18 other Beatles tunes in the mix, usually by quoting snippets of Beatles lyrics in the multi-layered backing vocals.

The recording has been credited as the first mashup song. It was Nilsson's first hit as a performer; though it stalled at #122 on the US charts, it reached the top 10 in Canada.

Charts

 * The Beatles
 * Nilsson

title: You Can't Do That


text:
P′′

P′′ (P double prime ) is a primitive computer programming language created by Corrado Böhm in 1964 to describe a family of Turing machines.

Definition
$\mathcal{P}^{\prime\prime}$ (hereinafter written P′′) is formally defined as a set of words on the four-instruction alphabet $\{R, \lambda, \}$, as follows:

Syntax

 * 1) $R$  and $\lambda$  are words in P′′.
 * 2) If $q_1$  and $q_2$  are words in P′′, then $q_1 q_2$  is a word in P′′.
 * 3) If $q$  is a word in P′′, then $(q)$  is a word in P′′.
 * 4) Only words derivable from the previous three rules are words in P′′.

Semantics

 * $\{\Box, c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_n\}$ is the tape-alphabet of a Turing machine with left-infinite tape, $\Box$  being the blank symbol, equivalent to $c_0$.
 * All instructions in P′′ are permutations of the set $X$ of all possible tape configurations; that is, all possible configurations of both the contents of the tape and the position of the tape-head.
 * $\alpha$ is a predicate saying that the current symbol is not $\Box$ . It is not an instruction and is not used in programs, but is instead used to help define the language.
 * $R$ means move the tape-head rightward one cell (if possible).
 * $\lambda$ means replace the current symbol $c_i$  with $c_{(i+1) \bmod (n+1)}$, and then move the tape-head leftward one cell.
 * $q_1 q_2$ means the function composition $q_2 \circ q_1$ . In other words, the instruction $q_1$  is performed before $q_2$.
 * $(q)$ means iterate $q$  in a while loop, with the condition $\alpha$.

Relation to other programming languages

 * P′′ was the first "GOTO-less" imperative structured programming language to be proven Turing-complete
 * The Brainfuck language (apart from its I/O commands) is a minor informal variation of P′′. Böhm gives explicit P′′ programs for each of a set of basic functions sufficient to compute any computable function, using only $($, $)$ and the four words $r, r^\prime, L, R$  where $r \equiv \lambda R, r^\prime \equiv r^n$  with $r^n$  denoting the $n$ th iterate of $r$ , and $L \equiv r^\prime \lambda$ . These are the equivalents of the six respective Brainfuck commands [, ], +, -, <, >. Note that since $c_{n+1} \equiv c_0 \equiv \Box$ , incrementing the current symbol $n$  times will wrap around so that the result is to "decrement" the symbol in the current cell by one ($r^\prime$ ).

Example program
Böhm gives the following program to compute the predecessor (x-1) of an integer x > 0:

 * $$R(R)L(r^\prime(L(L))r^\prime L)Rr$$

which translates directly to the equivalent Brainfuck program: The program expects an integer to be represented in bijective base-k notation, with $c_1, c_2 \ldots, c_k$ encoding the digits $1, 2, \ldots, k$  respectively, and to have $\Box$  before and after the digit-string. (E.g., in bijective base-2, the number eight would be encoded as $\Box c_1 c_1 c_2 \Box$, because 8 in base-2 is 100, reverse the digits, and add one to each of them.) At the beginning and end of the computation, the tape-head is on the $\Box$  preceding the digit-string.

title: P′′


text:
Talk:Geneforge

Untitled
I was thinking that it would be great to have an article for each of the separate games, covering the plot and new features, and a main article for the entire series, mainly about the gameplay and technical stuff (because those don't change much between each game).

If you think this is a good idea, please help me improve and add to this article and the ones that will come after. If you don't like it, tell me why, and we can try to work something out that pleases everyone. Thanks, Alex 22:11, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I went ahead and did it; please help me evolve these articles into some very good entries. Alex 03:25, August 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * It took awhile, but it's started on Geneforge at least, I'll have a go at Geneforge 2 soon. Someoneanother 23:02, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Geneforge2map.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:39, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Geneforge2.jpg
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Editing
I was just looking over this article and there seems to be a lot of information that could probably be cut. If each game now has its own article then the game play and games sections could probably be made a lot more concise with people being able to view the actual games wiki pages to view the game play and plots of the games. I was thinking that this article should probably focus more on the entire gameforge world and talk about the timeline of events more. And the development of the series why they changed certain things between games and the differences between each games. I literally just bought the gameforge saga and started playing number 1 (which is what led me here haha) and so i would be willing to kinda do an overhaul of this page focusing more on the development changes in the world differences between games ect (after i have finished playing them of course don't want to give myself spoilers). I just wanted to know what other people thought of this? i mean if everyone else thinks the article if fine and should not be re-hauled then I won't bother. Thanks guys Crumblewolf (talk) 20:50, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Geneforge which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 17:32, 25 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geneforge