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Proofs involving the addition of natural numbers

This article contains mathematical proofs for some properties of addition of the natural numbers: the additive identity, commutativity, and associativity. These proofs are used in the article Addition of natural numbers.

Definitions
This article will use the Peano axioms for the definition of natural numbers. With these axioms, addition is defined from the constant 0 and the successor function S(a) by the two rules

For the proof of commutativity, it is useful to give the name "1" to the successor of 0; that is,
 * 1 = S(0).

For every natural number a, one has

Proof of associativity
We prove associativity by first fixing natural numbers a and b and applying induction on the natural number c.

For the base case c = 0,

 * (a + b) + 0 = a + b = a + (b + 0)

Each equation follows by definition [A1]; the first with a + b, the second with b.

Now, for the induction. We assume the induction hypothesis, namely we assume that for some natural number c,

 * (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Then it follows,

In other words, the induction hypothesis holds for S(c). Therefore, the induction on c is complete.

Proof of identity element
Definition [A1] states directly that 0 is a right identity. We prove that 0 is a left identity by induction on the natural number a.

For the base case a = 0, 0 + 0 = 0 by definition [A1]. Now we assume the induction hypothesis, that 0 + a = a. Then This completes the induction on a.

Proof of commutativity
We prove commutativity (a + b = b + a) by applying induction on the natural number b. First we prove the base cases b = 0 and b = S(0) = 1 (i.e. we prove that 0 and 1 commute with everything).

The base case b = 0 follows immediately from the identity element property (0 is an additive identity), which has been proved above: a + 0 = a = 0 + a.

Next we will prove the base case b = 1, that 1 commutes with everything, i.e. for all natural numbers a, we have a + 1 = 1 + a. We will prove this by induction on a (an induction proof within an induction proof). We have proved that 0 commutes with everything, so in particular, 0 commutes with 1: for a = 0, we have 0 + 1 = 1 + 0. Now, suppose a + 1 = 1 + a. Then

This completes the induction on a, and so we have proved the base case b = 1. Now, suppose that for all natural numbers a, we have a + b = b + a. We must show that for all natural numbers a, we have a + S(b) = S(b) + a. We have

This completes the induction on b.


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Talk:Crane (machine)

Fabrication of a Crane
I work as a "Project Management" officer & I would like more about fabrication of cranes, WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) and so on.

Crane Design
I am interested in detailed engineering design of plate box girder used as a crane girder. =Rajendra Sawant, email : rajsawant@mtnl.net.in

Please include the statics involved in the cranes design.

Holding area
This is a characteristic of a crane. what does exactly mean?

Nautical cargo handling gear
What is missing here, and as far as I can tell in all other articles, is a description of shipboard cranes. Mainly I'm thinking of loading booms and other cargo handling gear attached to a mast, as was standard on general freight ships before containerization came in the 1960s, as shown in this great old film: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PJ4zTvNwwQ Cancun (talk) 10:28, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

Broken formatting
In viewing the section on Tower Cranes, which is a 4th level subsection, the sections below it (Components, Assembly, etc), which are 5th level subsections, are not properly formatted. It appears Wikipedia uses the same heading format for all headings at and below the 4th level (noting that this may depend on the platform you view it on - this is Firefox on Windows). The lack of distinction of the 5th level headings makes the article confusing to read.

Ideally someone will figure out a way to reformat the entire article, such that it can all be structured with no more than 4 levels of subsections (actually, what would be ideal would be for Wikipedia to correctly format all levels of subsections, but I wouldn't hold my breath waiting for that to happen). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:589:300:C7C0:4CA8:7E8A:E16C:DD82 (talk) 14:37, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Crane (machine)


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Ballybrittas

Ballybrittas (, IPA:[ˈbˠalʲəˈbʲɾʲɪt̪ˠaːʃ]) is a small village in the northeast of County Laois, Ireland situated on the R445 about 5 km SW of Monasterevin, County Kildare. Formerly on the N7 Dublin - Limerick road, the village is now bypassed by the M7 motorway.

Amenities
Businesses in the village include a pub, a service station, and a number of small businesses.

The local schools and churches are nearby in Rath and Killenard, while the local Gaelic Athletic Association club Courtwood is nearby.

Notable people

 * Fergal Byron (born 1974), Laois Gaelic footballer
 * Charlotte Dease (1873-1953), author
 * Edmund Dease (1829-1904), Irish politician
 * Robert Johnson (1745-1833) Irish judge and pamphleteer
 * Eddie Kinsella (born 1966), Gaelic football referee
 * James Lalor (1829-1922), Australian politician
 * Stephen Radcliffe (1904-1982), first-class cricketer and British Army officer

title: Ballybrittas


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Template:KeyTarot

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot ''by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text.''

title: Template:KeyTarot


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User talk:Critical.solvent

Moving pages
I note that you created List of phytochemicals and foods in which they are prominent by doing a copy/paste from List of phytochemicals and foods they are prominent in, and then converting that one into a redirect. The problem with doing that is it loses the page history, which has to be preserved so as to remain within the conditions of the GFDL. Henceforth, just click on "Move Page" (which you'll note in the sidebar), and give the new address as the destination. Okay? DS 03:43, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, OK. I'll be sure to do that next time. Thanks for the advice. solvent 21:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Boi (gender)
Boi (gender) has been proposed for deletion. An editor felt this information might be based on your own conclusions or research, rather than published ideas. Please review No original research for the relevant policy. If you can improve the article to address these concerns, please do so, citing sources.

If no one objects to the deletion within five days by removing the "prod" notice, the article may be deleted without further discussion. If you remove the prod notice, the deletion process will stop, but if an editor is still not satisfied that the article meets Wikipedia guidelines, it may be sent to Articles for deletion for consensus. NickelShoe (Talk) 03:50, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Tux profile 03.jpg

The file File:Tux profile 03.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused personal photo."

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Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ~ Rob 13 Talk 13:22, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Puppy 05.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Puppy 05.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

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 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F11 of the criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ~ Rob 13 Talk 13:23, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Critical.solvent


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User talk:Ferg2k

Pretty Disillusioned with Wikipedia
After only a brief involvement with Wikipedia I'm gonna call it a day. The depressing reality is that if anyone can edit then anyone can vandalize. Will the vandalism be caught? Maybe. Perhaps mostly. But not always.

Today's gold star for vandalism goes to the author of this change to the Muhammed Ali article without anyone noticing. This change sat in the current Ali page for two months before I happened upon it. It makes me wonder how I can trust the rest of Wikipedia. This is how received history gets changed.

Ferg2k 06:56, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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title: User talk:Ferg2k


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Cam Kennedy

Campbell "Cam" Kennedy is a Scottish comics artist. He is best known for his work on 2000 AD, especially the flagship titles Judge Dredd and Rogue Trooper.

Biography
Following work in commercial art in his hometown of Glasgow, Kennedy went freelance and worked as an illustrator on D.C. Thomson's Commando, a well-known British war comic, between 1967 and 1972, before leaving comics altogether to become a professional fine artist. Kennedy's work has been described as gritty, energetic, chunky and raw.

In 1978 he was lured back to comics work again, beginning by drawing the Fighting Mann (1980-81) strip for Fleetway Publications' Battle comic. As Battle began to wind down, Kennedy moved across to its stablemate, the weekly sci-fi anthology comic 2000 AD

Working during the title's "Golden Era", Kennedy was instrumental in several well-known strips that continue to this day, including The V.C.s (written by Gerry Finley-Day, Judge Dredd (with John Wagner and Alan Grant, most notably on the "Midnight Surfer" story which reintroduced Chopper) and Rogue Trooper (again with Finley-Day). His association with the comic, which is largely produced by fellow Scotsmen, has never faltered: in 2005, Kennedy designed and produced a brand new strip, Zancudo, written by Simon Spurrier for the Judge Dredd Megazine, and Wagner has written three stories about character Kenny Who?, an alter-ego for Kennedy, based on Kennedy's early problems getting work at American companies (as well as making jokes on issues like creator's rights and censorship).

In America, Kennedy established a profitable working relationship with writer Tom Veitch, producing the creator-owned Vietnam War-inspired science fiction fantasy The Light and Darkness War for Marvel Comics' Epic imprint. This led to the pair working on a Star Wars spin-off, Dark Empire, for Dark Horse Comics. Kennedy has worked on other Star Wars licensed comics, including Boba Fett stories with writer John Wagner. For DC Comics Kennedy has worked on Lobo, Batman, Outcasts and The Spectre. For Marvel, he has illustrated the Punisher, Daredevil and Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.

As part of the UNESCO City of Literature in 2007 he has drawn Kidnapped, an adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped, written by Alan Grant, published by Waverley Books. Some of the art for this has been bought for the collections of the National Library of Scotland.

A follow-up has been made by the same creative team, it is an adaptation of Jekyll and Hyde and was as part of the One Book – One Edinburgh 2008 campaign.

2000 AD / Judge Dredd Megazine / Warrior

 * The V.C.s (in 2000 AD # 142–143, 146–147, 150–153, 156–160, 163–164 & 169, 1979–80)
 * Rogue Trooper (in 2000 AD # 265, 278–281, 290–301, 303–310, 316–322 & 327–332, 1982–83)
 * Ektryn (in Warrior # 14, 1983)
 * Judge Dredd (in 2000 AD # 342, 1983)
 * Rogue Trooper (in 2000 AD # 343–347, 350–355, 358–364, 366–377 & 381–392, 1983–84)
 * Ektryn (in Warrior # 25, 1984)
 * Rogue Trooper (in 2000 AD # 401–406, 1985)
 * Judge Dredd (in 2000 AD # 416–418 & 424–429, 1985)
 * Rogue Trooper (in 1986 2000 AD Annual, 1985)
 * Judge Dredd (in 2000 AD # 435, 437 & 440–41, 1985)
 * Judge Dredd (in 2000 AD # 451–455, 458, 461–463, 466–467 & 477–479, 1986)
 * Judge Dredd (in 2000 AD # 507–510, 514 & 520, 1987)
 * Judge Dredd: Beyond Our Kenny (in Judge Dredd Megazine vol.1 # 1–3, 1990)
 * Judge Dredd (in Judge Dredd Megazine vol.3 # 46 & 50, 1998–99)
 * Zancudo (with Simon Spurrier, in Judge Dredd Megazine #231–233, 2005)

Dark Horse

 * Star Wars:
 * Dark Empire (with Tom Veitch):
 * Dark Empire (six-issue mini-series, 1991–1992, trade paperback, 1993, ISBN 1-56971-073-2)
 * Dark Empire II (six-issue mini-series, 1994, trade paperback, 1995, ISBN 1-56971-119-4)
 * Boba Fett:
 * Death, Lies, & Treachery (with John Wagner, Dark Horse Comics, 1998, ISBN 1-56971-311-1) collects:
 * "Bounty on Bar-Kooda" (one-shot, 1995)
 * "When the Fat Lady Swings" (one-shot, 1996)
 * "Murder Most Foul" (one-shot, 1997)
 * "Agent of Doom" (with John Ostrander, one-shot, 2000)
 * "Sacrifice" (with John Wagner, in Empire No. 7, 2003, collected in Boba Fett: Man With A Mission, Dark Horse, March 2007, ISBN 1-59307-707-6)

DC Comics

 * Outcasts (with John Wagner/Alan Grant, 1987)
 * The Spectre #7–8: "Armed against Evil" (with Doug Moench, 1987)
 * Batman #477–478: "A Gotham Tale" (with John Wagner, 1992)
 * Lobo: "Unamerican Gladiators" (with Alan Grant/John Wagner, 4-issue mini-series, 1993)
 * Batman/Judge Dredd: Vendetta in Gotham (with John Wagner/Alan Grant DC / Fleetway, 1995)
 * War Story: "The Reivers" (with Garth Ennis, Vertigo, standalone one shot, 2003, collected in War Stories: Volume 2, 2006 ISBN 1-4012-1039-2)

Marvel Comics

 * The Light and Darkness War (with Tom Veitch, 1988)
 * Punisher: "Blood on the Moors" (with John Wagner/Alan Grant, 1991)
 * Punisher: Streets of Laredo (with Garth Ennis, Punisher # 28–31, tpb, Volume 5, 168 pages, 2003, ISBN 0-7851-1096-8)
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. # 11: "Greeting from Scotland"

title: Cam Kennedy


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Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/July 16, 2005

Objection: I don't think two authors should come in such quick succession. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  13:49, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * 'D'oh - you're right -- I'll fix this later today or tomorrow. →Raul654 15:28, July 12, 2005 (UTC)


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World's Most Amazing Videos

World's Most Amazing Videos is an American reality television series that ran on NBC from March 3, 1999, until 2001, as a filler program when other shows were cancelled and later revived on Spike from 2006 until 2008.

The show showcases accidents, disasters, police chases and other extraordinary events that were caught on video camera.

Until 2007, all episodes of the show were narrated by Stacy Keach. From that point on, the season was narrated by Erik Thompson. The show was broadcast in the United Kingdom on Bravo and Channel One, in which David Wartnaby served as the narrator of the first season followed by Lee Boardman in the second season of broadcast and was expected to return in 2012. In Australia, it is shown on the pay-TV channel Fox8. The series was given its own local name titled Global Shockers in the Philippines that was aired on ABC-5 (now known as TV5) from 2006 until 2007 and was hosted by Johnny Delgado.

The fifth and final season changed the format; instead of multiple random clips in one episode, each episode now focuses on a certain theme.

Synopsis
These videos normally show anybody involved in these aforementioned incidents surviving nonetheless. Although it is similar in content to other series like Real TV, World's Wildest Police Videos, Maximum Exposure, Most Shocking, Most Daring, Shockwave and Destroyed in Seconds, it took a more serious tone. The clips contain dangerous disasters, daring rescues, fights, amateur sports, robberies, animal attacks, and car accidents.

Syndication and revival
All of the older episodes of World's Most Amazing Videos (NBC version run only) were re-aired on Spike TV from 2005 to 2008. A new series of episodes of the show were created in 2006 first-run for Spike, after a six-year hiatus from the NBC stint. The show was re-aired on CMT from 2009 to 2010, in Spanish on Telemundo as Videos Asombrosos until the late 2010s and Chiller from 2016 to 2017. The series aired reruns on Reelz, but the first 12 episodes premiered from November 7, 2023 to December 5, 2023. The next three episodes aired on May 20, 2024. The next two episodes of season 2 aired on June 17, 2024.

Since the closure of Bravo and Channel One in January 2011, the series has not aired on any other UK TV channels. Due to this, the UK-voiced variant of the series has mostly become lost media.

Home media releases
From 1999 until 2000, Trimark Home Video (under the label NBC Home Video) released 13 episodes of the first season of the original NBC version of the show in six volumes on VHS.

On November 4, 2008, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released World's Most Amazing Videos: Volume One that features the first five episodes of the 2006 revival version (Season 3) on DVD in Region 1.

title: World's Most Amazing Videos


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Quintette

Quintette may refer to:

 * Quintette, California
 * Quintette du Hot Club de France

title: Quintette


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User talk:FireCrack

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:FireCrack


text: Template:Campaignbox Three Kingdoms

title: Template:Campaignbox Three Kingdoms


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Good faith estimate

The CFPB requires that lenders provide customers with a Loan Estimate to help them understand the full cost of buying a home with a mortgage. The Loan Estimate replaces the Good Faith Estimate, or GFE, that was used prior to 2015.

Lenders are required to issue Loan Estimates within three days of receiving a complete loan application, per the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure Rule (TRID). A complete loan application include at least the following: Name, Income, Social Security Number, Property Address, Estimated Value of Property, Mortgage Loan Amount Sought. When these are received, TRID is considered to be triggered and the three-day clock starts.

Loan Estimates are considered binding in that the lender's costs cannot change and if the lender's estimates of third-party costs are off by more than 10% the lender must cover the difference (this is called "curing").

The Loan Estimate covers all the costs associated with buying a home, even if they are not related to the actual mortgage. For example, property taxes are independent of the mortgage but are covered in a Loan Estimate.

Types of costs
Loan Estimates includes three categories of costs: costs that vary across lenders, costs that vary across other providers (e.g., title insurance companies), and costs that do not vary. These categories are explained in this Loan Estimate Explainer.

 * Costs that vary across lenders: Application fee, Processing fee, Underwriting fee, Rate, Appraisal, Points or Lender credits, Attorney review fees, Tax service, Flood certification, Condo questionnaire, Credit report fee, and Final inspection charge.

 * Costs that vary across other providers: Homeowner’s insurance, Flood insurance, Title insurance, Survey, and Pest inspection. Your lender cannot influence these costs, they are merely required to report them on the loan estimate so that you can have a full picture of your borrowing cost. Lenders estimate these costs, and you should not consider one lender to be more expensive than another just because their estimate is higher.

 * Costs that don't vary across lenders: Property taxes, Recording fees, Transfer taxes, Tax stamp fees, HOA fees, County fee. These do not vary by lender or provider, and if they are different from one loan estimate to the next it is due to the lender's understanding of the fees, which may evolve as you make your way to closing.

Fees and charges
The following is a list of the typical charges. Each charge starts with a number – the same number as the number of the charge on a HUD-1 Real Estate Settlement Statement. This makes it easier to compare the charges a loan applicant receives on the good faith estimate to the HUD-1.

800 ITEMS PAYABLE IN CONNECTION WITH LOAN:

This fee is a charge for originating or creating the loan
 * 801 - Loan Origination Fee

This is an upfront charge paid to the lender to get a lower mortgage rate – the same as “buying the rate down”
 * 802 - Loan Discount

This is the cost of the independent appraisal. It is usually paid by the buyer.
 * 803 - Appraisal Fee

This is the cost of the credit report. The lender does not have to pass this cost along to the buyer.
 * 804 - Credit Report

This is the lender's cost of inspecting a property – some may double check the appraisal provided by an independent appraiser
 * 805 - Lender's Inspection Fee

This is the upfront charge that a mortgage broker charges. Brokers can also earn a “rebate” from the lender which is not listed here
 * 808 - Mortgage Broker Fee

Lender fee, usually small, for handling tax related matters
 * 809 - Tax Related Service Fee

This is the charge for processing the loan – collecting the buyer's application, running credit, collecting pay stubs, bank statements, ordering appraisal, title, etc. This is often referred to as a "junk fee" and does not need to be included.
 * 810 - Processing Fee

This is the cost of the loan underwriter (approver). "No fee" lenders typically do not include this and it is typically considered a "junk fee."
 * 811 - Underwriting Fee

This is the cost of wiring the money around, which is usually done by escrow.
 * 812 - Wire Transfer Fee

900 ITEMS REQUIRED BY LENDER TO BE PAID IN ADVANCE

This is the prepaid interest for a mortgage loan.
 * 901 - Interest for days X $ per day

This is the prepaid mortgage insurance premium, if needed. This is the insurance premium some lenders charge for loans with little equity.
 * 902 - Mortgage Insurance Premium

This is used to record hazard insurance premiums that must be paid at settlement in order to have immediate insurance on the property. It is not used for insurance reserves that will go into escrow.
 * 903 - Hazard Insurance Premium

This is the Veterans Administration funding fee, which is only applicable if the loan is through a VA program.
 * 905 - VA Funding Fee

1000 RESERVES DEPOSITED WITH LENDER

This is any prepayment of future hazard insurance expense
 * 1001 - Hazard Insurance Premiums # months @ $ per month

This is any prepayment of future mortgage insurance expense
 * 1002 - Mortgage Ins. Premium Reserves months @ $ per month

This is any prepayment of future school tax expense
 * 1003 - School Tax months @ $ per month

This is any prepayment of future tax expenses, such as property taxes
 * 1004 - Taxes and Assessment Reserves months @ $ per month

This is any prepayment of future flood insurance expense
 * 1005 - Flood Insurance Reserves months @ $ per month months

This is a credit to the buyer. By law, the lender is not allowed to collect more than the sum of initial payments for reserve items. The aggregate adjustment is the amount the lender must 'credit' the borrower at closing, so that they don't collect more than the law allows.
 * 1008 - Aggregate Accounting Adjustment

1100 TITLE CHARGES

This is the cost of escrow. This is the service of a neutral party that actually handles the money between all the different parties in a real estate transaction, including: the lender, the buyer, the seller, the agents, notary, etc. This is often done by the “Title Company” – a related entity in the same office that provides title insurance
 * 1101 - Closing or Escrow Fee

This is the charge for preparing the loan documents. Lenders often email the loan documents to the escrow company, which in turn prints them out and reviews them before signing. However, some title companies are owned by an attorney who will also draw certain legal documents for the buyer's closing.
 * 1105 - Document Preparation Fee

This is the cost of the notary. This is to have all of the legal documents surrounding this transaction notarized. When closing inside the title company office, there is usually no charge for this.
 * 1106 - Notary Fees

Any legal charges associated with clearing the title to the property.
 * 1107 - Attorney Fees

This is the cost of insuring the title of the property. If there is a question about title (who really owned the property), or if a judgment or lien was really paid off, after the transaction is done then this insurance protects the lender and owner from future problems.
 * 1108 - Title Insurance

1200 GOVERNMENT RECORDING & TRANSFER CHARGES

This is the cost of updating relevant government records
 * 1201 - Recording Fees

Unavoidable government charge
 * 1202 - City/County Tax/Stamps

Unavoidable government charge
 * 1203 - State Tax/Stamps

Many counties now allow documents to be recorded electronically. This expedites the issuance of a title policy by several weeks.
 * 1204 - Electronic Recording Fee

1300 ADDITIONAL SETTLEMENT CHARGES

Anything 'extra' that is not included in the 800-1200 charges are itemized in the 1300 section. This includes things like the survey, HOA fees, and repairs.

This is the cost of the pest inspector. Their purpose is to document the state of the property that the lender is making the loan on.
 * 1302 - Pest Inspection

title: Good faith estimate


text: File:Alkaline Trio - Good Mourning cover.jpg


text:
Glenfield Hospital

Glenfield Hospital, formally known as Glenfield General Hospital, is situated near Glenfield, on the outskirts of Leicester. It is one of England's main hospitals for coronary care and respiratory diseases. It is a tertiary referral university teaching hospital, with a strong international reputation for medical research in cardiac and respiratory health. It is managed by the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.

History
Glenfield Hospital is a modern hospital that was built in several phases the first phase of which was completed in October 1984. A formal opening ceremony was conducted by the Duchess of Kent in March 1986. A second phase to the hospital followed in 1989.

In December 2017, surgeons announced successful surgery on a baby girl born with her heart and part of her stomach growing externally. The treatment, which was carried out by a team of fifty, required three operations and the child is believed to be the "first baby in UK to survive with the extremely rare condition."

East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre
In July 2012 it was announced that the East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre which served 5 million people and treated 230 children and 70 adults a year, would close to focus surgical expertise in fewer locations. The unit would however continue to provide diagnosis and non-surgical treatment. The unit had the largest ECMO unit in the UK and had been in operation for 20 years and a petition to save it attracted 100,000 signatures. In a letter to Andrew Lansley, ECMO expert Kenneth Palmer of the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm warned that about 50 babies and children will die over a five-year period if treatment moved to Birmingham. Palmer said that Leicester and Stockholm were world-leading ECMO centres with survival rates about 10% to 20% higher than the normal rate elsewhere.

In August 2012, it was announced that the hospital had carried out the world's first percutaneous coronary intervention procedure on a two-year-old child. The child had been born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a deformed left heart and had had two heart operations before his first birthday. A life-threatening clot had formed in the heart and was successfully removed drawing on the combined experience of paediatric and adult interventional cardiologists. The combined expertise may not be available in alternate facilities if Glenfield children's cardiac care unit closes. Campaigners in Leeds won a legal challenge criticising the fairness and legality of the review process in March 2013 and the plans were suspended in June "as the decision was based on a flawed analysis."

In July 2015, NHS England announced that following a "conclusive, open and transparent and rigorous" review, the heart unit would move to a new paediatric unit at the Leicester Royal Infirmary. The unit would employ 4 surgeons and take more cases becoming operational by April 2016. A year later, the hospital was told it had failed newly imposed congenital heart surgery standards and would close. Liz Kendall claimed that the unit was one of the "best performing surgical centres" in England and the decision wasn't justified – a view shared by both John Adler, the chief executive of University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and Leicestershire County Council. According to the unit's former head, Professor Giles Peek, the hospital supported every other hospital in the region and its closure could seriously damage paediatric services. According to the trust website, its Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation facility, the largest of 5 in the UK, is the largest in Europe and one of the busiest in the world. It first provided treatment in 1989.

In September 2016, 28,000 people signed a new petition in England to keep the unit open. Adler noted that interest in the hospital's work went far beyond Leicestershire and the Leicester Mercury reported signatures from Orkney and Shetland. According to NHS England, the hospital hadn't met the required target of 125 operations per year for each of its 3 surgeons.

On 29 October hundreds of people marched to protest about its proposed April 2017 closure with Adler reiterating that clinical outcomes were "amongst the best in the country" though NHS England said it wouldn't meet the mininimum number of operations required by the new standards. The Leicester Mercury reported that more than 1000 people took part, most of them with family stories to tell. The organisers hope to get sufficient signatures for a debate in Parliament.

In November 2017, an NHS England board meeting in London conditionally agreed to continue the unit's work provided it moves to the Leicester Royal Infirmary and the unit's workload is increased as promised up to 2021.

title: Glenfield Hospital


text:
Blue belt

Blue belt may refer to:

 * The Blue Belt, a Norwegian fairy tale
 * Blue Belt (Pittsburgh), the Allegheny County road belt system
 * Blue belt, a rank in martial arts (see Kyū)
 * Blue belt (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu), a level in the Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system
 * Blue Belt Programme, a marine protection and sustainable management programme of the British Overseas Territories
 * Staten Island Bluebelt, a storm water management system

title: Blue belt


text:
Las Vegas Thunder

The Las Vegas Thunder were a professional ice hockey team competing in the International Hockey League. The team's home rink was at the Thomas & Mack Center. They began play in the 1993–1994 season, folding on April 18, 1999. The demise of the franchise was precipitated by the refusal of UNLV officials to negotiate with team owners regarding a new agreement to continue playing at the Thomas & Mack Center after the 1998–1999 season. Without a facility that was suitable even for temporary use, the Thunder were forced to shut down.

History
The Thunder made a strong showing in their first season, finishing with the best record in the league: 115 points and a 52–18–11 record. They topped that performance in 1995–1996 when they again finished with the league's best record (122 points, 57–17–8). The Thunder lost in the conference finals that season.

Throughout the team's history they garnered player development deals with the Phoenix Coyotes of the NHL, the ECHL's Knoxville Cherokees and Mississippi Sea Wolves and Russian side Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

The Thunder's main rivals included the Denver/Utah Grizzlies, Los Angeles/Long Beach Ice Dogs, San Diego Gulls, and Phoenix Roadrunners. These rivalries later saw a rebirth in the ECHL with the Las Vegas Wranglers.

The team's mascot was "Boom-Boom", a polar bear.

The franchise was replaced by:
 * Las Vegas Wranglers of the ECHL (2003–2015)
 * Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL (2017–present)

The Golden Knights later acknowledged their Thunder predecessors by basing their 2020–21 Reverse Retro jerseys off of the Thunder's "V-stripe" pattern.

Notable alumni

 * 🇨🇦 Brent Ashton
 * 🇨🇿 Radek Bonk
 * 🇷🇺 Ilya Byakin
 * 🇸🇰 Pavol Demitra
 * 🇨🇦 / Paul DiPietro
 * 🇨🇦 Bryan Fogarty
 * 🇨🇦 Brent Gretzky
 * 🇨🇦 Glen Gulutzan
 * 🇺🇸 Alex Hicks
 * 🇨🇦 Greg Hawgood
 * 🇨🇦 Peter Ing
 * 🇨🇦 Curtis Joseph
 * 🇺🇸 / 🇨🇦 Andre Sioui
 * 🇨🇦 Jim Kyte
 * 🇨🇦 / 🇮🇹 Patrice Lefebvre
 * 🇨🇦 Clint Malarchuk
 * 🇨🇦 Wes McCauley
 * 🇨🇿 / 🇨🇦 Petr Nedved
 * 🇨🇦 Michel Petit
 * 🇨🇦 Manon Rhéaume
 * 🇨🇦 Pokey Reddick
 * 🇧🇾 Ruslan Salei
 * 🇷🇺 Alexei Yashin
 * Sergei Zholtok

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Head coaches

 * 🇨🇦 Butch Goring 1993–94
 * 🇨🇦 Bob Strumm 1994–95
 * 🇨🇦 Chris McSorley 1995–98
 * 🇨🇦 Clint Malarchuk 1998–99

Honors

 * Division titles : 2 – 1994, 1996
 * Turner Cups : 0
 * Regular Season Titles : 2 – 1994, 1996

title: Las Vegas Thunder


text:
Alfred Waterson

Alfred Edward Waterson (5 August 1880, Derby – 25 November 1964) was a Labour and Co-operative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom. He was the first Co-operative Party MP.

Born in Derby, Waterson was a railwayman and activist in his trade union. He served as a town councillor.

Although the Co-operative Party put up several candidates for the first time at the 1918 general election, only one met with success. Waterson was elected as MP for the Kettering seat. He took the Labour whip in Parliament, ahead of any decision of Co-operative Congress to progress a formal alliance with the Labour Party.

Waterson was defeated at the 1922 general election. He became a national organiser of the Co-operative Party, serving until 1945. He contested the Nottingham Central by-election in 1930, and stood in Nottingham Central at the 1931 general election, coming a distant second in each case. He died in Wood Green, London aged 84.

title: Alfred Waterson


text:
Hong Kong Guide

Hong Kong Guide is a Hong Kong atlas published by the Survey and Mapping Office (SMO), Lands Department of Hong Kong Government. From 2005, Hong Kong Guide 2005 includes photomaps in parallel to traditional maps.

title: Hong Kong Guide


text: Template:Campaignbox Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War


text: Template:Campaignbox Italian War of 1551–1559


text:
John Robison (physicist)

John Robison FRSE (4 February 1739 – 30 January 1805) was a British physicist and mathematician. He was a professor of natural philosophy (the precursor of natural science) at the University of Edinburgh.

A member of the Edinburgh Philosophical Society when it received its royal warrant, he was appointed as the first general secretary to the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783–98). Robison invented the siren and also worked with James Watt on an early steam car. Following the French Revolution, Robison became disenchanted with elements of the Enlightenment. He authored Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797—a polemic accusing Freemasonry of being infiltrated by Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati. His son was the inventor Sir John Robison (1778–1843).

Biography
The son of John Robison, a Glasgow merchant, he was born in Boghall, Baldernock, Stirlingshire (now East Dunbartonshire) and attended Glasgow Grammar School and the University of Glasgow (MA 1756). After a brief stay in London in 1758 Robison became the tutor to the midshipman son of Admiral Knowles, sailing with the Royal Navy on General Wolfe's expedition to Quebec and Portugal (1756–62). His mathematical skills were employed in navigation and surveying. Returning to Britain in 1762, he joined the Board of Longitude — a team of scientists who tested John Harrison's marine chronometer on a voyage to Jamaica.

Subsequently, he settled in Glasgow engaging in the practical science of James Watt and Joseph Black in opposition to the systematic continental European chemistry of Antoine Lavoisier and its adherents such as Joseph Priestley. In 1766 he succeeded Black as Professor of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. He in turn was succeeded in 1770 by Black's assistant, William Irvine.

In 1769, he announced that balls with like electrical charges repel each other with a force that varies as the inverse-square of the distance between them, anticipating Coulomb's law of 1785.

In 1770 he travelled to Saint Petersburg as the secretary of Admiral Charles Knowles, where he taught mathematics to the cadets at the Naval Academy at Kronstadt, obtaining a double salary and the rank of lieutenant colonel. Robison moved to Scotland in 1773 and took up the post of Professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He lectured on mechanics, hydrostatics, astronomy, optics, electricity and magnetism. His conception of mechanical philosophy' became influential in nineteenth-century British physics. His name appears in the 1776 "Minute Book of The Poker Club", a crucible of the Scottish Enlightenment. In 1783 he became General Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and in 1797 his articles for the Encyclopædia Britannica gave a good account of the scientific, mathematical and technological knowledge of the day. He also prepared for publication, in 1799, the chemical lectures of his friend and mentor, Joseph Black.

Robison worked with James Watt on an early steam car. This project came to nothing and has no direct connection to Watt's later improvement of the Newcomen steam engine. He along with Joseph Black and others gave evidence about Watt's originality and their own lack of connection to his key idea of the Separate Condenser.

Robison did however invent the siren, though it was Charles Cagniard de la Tour who named it after producing an improved model.

Proofs of a Conspiracy
Towards the end of his life he published Proofs of a Conspiracy in 1797, alleging clandestine intrigue by the Illuminati and Freemasons (the work's full title was Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe, carried on in the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati and Reading Societies). The secret agent monk, Alexander Horn provided much of the material for Robison's allegations. French priest Abbé Barruel independently developed similar views that the Illuminati had infiltrated Continental Freemasonry, leading to the excesses of the French Revolution. In 1798, the Reverend G. W. Snyder sent Robison's book to George Washington for his thoughts on the subject in which he replied to him in a letter:

"It was not my intention to doubt that, the Doctrines of the Illuminati, and principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more truly satisfied of this fact than I am. The idea that I meant to convey, was, that I did not believe that the Lodges of Free Masons in this Country had, as Societies, endeavoured to propagate the diabolical tenets of the first, or pernicious principles of the latter (if they are susceptible of separation). That Individuals of them may have done it, or that the founder, or instrument employed to found, the Democratic Societies in the United States, may have had these objects; and actually had a separation of the People from their Government in view, is too evident to be questioned."

Modern conspiracy theorists, such as Nesta Webster and William Guy Carr, believe the methods of the Illuminati as described in Proofs of a Conspiracy were copied by radical groups throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in their subversion of benign organizations. Spiritual Counterfeits Project editor Tal Brooke has compared the views of Proofs of a Conspiracy with those found in Carroll Quigley's Tragedy and Hope (Macmillan, 1966). Brooke suggests that the New World Order, which Robison believed Adam Weishaupt (founder of the Illuminati) had in part accomplished through the infiltration of Freemasonry, will now be completed by those holding sway over the international banking system (e.g., by means of the Rothschilds' banks, the U.S. Federal Reserve, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank).

Works

 * Outlines of Mechanical philosophy: Containing the Heads of a Course of Lectures, Edinburgh, William Creech, 1781.
 * Outlines of a Course of Experimental Philosophy, Edinburgh, William Creech, 1784.
 * Outlines of a Course of Lectures on Mechanical Philosophy, Edinburgh, J. Brown, 1803.
 * Elements of Mechanical Philosophy: Being the Substance of a Course of Lectures on that Science, Edinburgh, Archibald Constable, 1804.
 * Robison contributed well over forty articles to the third edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1797) and its supplement, including: Resistance of Fluids, Roof, Running of Rivers, Seamanship, Telescope and Water-works.
 * A System of Mechanical Philosophy,

Proofs of a Conspiracy, reprints and related documents

 * Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe, carried on in the Secret Meetings of Free-Masons, Illuminati and Reading Societies, etc., collected from good authorities, Edinburgh, 1797; 2nd ed. London, T. Cadell & W. Davies, 1797 with a Postscript; 3rd ed. with Postscript, Philadelphia, T. Dobson & W. Cobbet, 1798; 4th ed., G. Forman, New York, 1798; Dublin 1798; Proofs of a Conspiracy, Western Islands, 1900; The Illuminati, taken from "Proofs of a world conspiracy", Elizabeth Knauss [1930]; Proof's [sic!] of a Conspiracy, Ram Reprints, 1964; Proofs of a conspiracy, Boston, Western Islands, "The Americanist Classics", [1967]; Proofs of a Conspiracy, Islands Press, 1978; C P a Book Pub, 2002 ISBN 0-944379-69-9 ; Kessinger Publishing, 2003 ISBN 0-7661-8124-3; annotated 5th ed. with foreword by Alex Kurtagic, Proofs of a Conspiracy, The Palingenesis Project (Wermod and Wermod Publishing Group), 2014 ISBN 978-1-909606-03-6; annotated 6th ed., "Proofs of a Conspiracy," Spradabach Publishing, 2022 ISBN 978-1999357-35-1.
 * Ueber geheime Gesellschaften und deren Gefährlichkeit für Staat und Religion... translated in German, Königslutter, 1800.
 * [Anti-Jacobin], New Lights on Jacobinism, abstracted from Professor Robison's History of Free Masonry, with an appendix containing an account of Voltaire's behaviour on his death-bed, and a letter from J. H. Stone to Dr. Priestley, disclosing the principles of Jacobinism. By the author of Jacobinism Displayed, Birmingham, E. Piercy, Birmingham, 1798.
 * William Bentley & John Bacon, Extracts from Professor Robison's "Proofs of a Conspiracy" & c., with Brief Reflections on the Charges he has Exhibited, the Evidence he has Produced and the Merit of his Performance, Boston, Manning & Loring, Boston, 1799.
 * Abraham Bishop, Proofs of a Conspiracy, Against Christianity, and the Government of the United States, J. Babcock, 1802.
 * Seth Payson, Proofs of the Real Existence, and Dangerous Tendency, of Illuminism, Containing an Abstract of what Dr. Robinson and the Abbé Barruel have Published on this Subject; with Collateral Proofs and General Observations, Charlestown, 1802 [reprinted by Invisible College Press, LLC, 2003]. ISBN 1-931468-14-1
 * Henry Dana Ward, Free Masonry. Its Pretensions Exposed in Faithful Extracts of its Standard Authors; with a Review of Town's Speculative Masonry; its Liability to Pervert the Doctrines of Revealed Religion, Discovered in the Spirit of its Doctrines, and in the Application of its Emblems: its Dangerous Tendency Exhibited in Extracts from the Abbé Barruel and Professor Robison, and Further Illustrated in its Base Service to the Illuminati, New York, 1828.

title: John Robison (physicist)


text:
Talk:Greyhound adoption

Behavior of adopted greyhounds
Someone added a large block of text about behavior of adopted greys, and asked in their comment if it should be its own article. I've gone through and edited it substantially, including cutting large sections. Those sections should probably be moved (at least in content if not text) to either the general greyhound article or greyhound racing. Some of it I also removed since this article is an overview of adoption, not an adoption manual. More editing is still needed.

The removed text follows:
 * At the age of three months, puppies receive tattoos in their ears; the left ear is the individual litter registration number, and the right ear is a code for the month, year, and order in which the animals were tattooed. After approximately 14 months with their littermates, the most promising animals are sent to one of several special greyhound training tracks. Training progresses to meet the ability of individual animals. Upon completion, dogs are sent to racing kennels for their careers.
 * Racing greyhounds are among the most highly probed and monitored animals that are commonly kept. They are weighed before race time to ensure their weight is not so high that they could have been artificially "enhanced" with steroids or other drugs. Their urine is collected and tested after the race to test for illegal enhancers. They are kept in climate-controlled areas to provide the best possible performance by preventing overheating. A veterinarian is required to be present at race tracks at the time of racing. Due to the characteristics of the racing greyhound, books have been written to address specific physical care and the physiology of these animals.
 * When first bringing the greyhound home, it is a good idea to accompany the greyhound everywhere it goes- kept on a leash, if so desired. Allow the dog entry into each room into which it will be allowed, and permit it to explore with its nose. Areas that are to be kept off-limits may be kept so with the use of baby gates. Although possessing long legs, greyhounds do not like to step or jump over objects.
 * Greyhound behavior is such that the first few days may be touchy in that dogs take a while to "settle down," and settle into a daily regimen. Greyhounds frequently explore or follow their owners everywhere they go, and may be disappointed if there are areas in which they are not permitted. However, they are very good at learning what they are and are not allowed to do, and this should be reinforced without exception. Partial reinforcement will confuse animals as to what they are or are not allowed to do, and lead to additional conflict later. Thus, if the dog is not allowed on the couch, the dog should never be allowed on the couch- not "just this one time."
 * Greyhound behavior is such that the first few days may be touchy in that dogs take a while to "settle down," and settle into a daily regimen. Greyhounds frequently explore or follow their owners everywhere they go, and may be disappointed if there are areas in which they are not permitted. However, they are very good at learning what they are and are not allowed to do, and this should be reinforced without exception. Partial reinforcement will confuse animals as to what they are or are not allowed to do, and lead to additional conflict later. Thus, if the dog is not allowed on the couch, the dog should never be allowed on the couch- not "just this one time."
 * Greyhound behavior is such that the first few days may be touchy in that dogs take a while to "settle down," and settle into a daily regimen. Greyhounds frequently explore or follow their owners everywhere they go, and may be disappointed if there are areas in which they are not permitted. However, they are very good at learning what they are and are not allowed to do, and this should be reinforced without exception. Partial reinforcement will confuse animals as to what they are or are not allowed to do, and lead to additional conflict later. Thus, if the dog is not allowed on the couch, the dog should never be allowed on the couch- not "just this one time."

--Ahc 13:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Significant edits Nov 2006
I've been concerned by the movement of this article toward being and adoption guide. So I took some time to do some heavy editing, removing some information that I consider correct, but I'm well aware is not NPOV. I made several small changes, but I significantly edited the section on Behavior of adopted greyhounds. Let me be clear, that much of the information I removed is good advice in my option, but some of it goes to your philosophy about caring for animals. That makes this kind of information inherently not NPOV. To review the changes you can see the diff in the article history. --Ahc 03:47, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Content in article
@G.Echanove the content I removed was mostly poorly or not sourced at all. It also violates what Wikipedia WP:ISNOT specifically WP:NOTGUIDEBOOK, a lot of the content is not specific to Greyhound adoption either, people reading this article are expected to be familiar with what a Greyhound is, if they are not they can read the article on the Greyhound to learn more. Traumnovelle (talk) 04:44, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greyhound adoption


text:
Antonio Scarpa

Antonio Scarpa (9 May 1752 – 31 October 1832) was an Italian anatomist and professor.

Biography
Scarpa was born to an impoverished family in the frazione of Lorenzaga, Motta di Livenza, Veneto. An uncle, who was a member of the priesthood, gave him instruction until the age of 15, when he passed the entrance exam for the University of Padua. He was a pupil of Giovanni Battista Morgagni and Marc Antonio Caldani. Under the former, he became doctor of medicine on 19 May 1770; in 1772, he became professor at the University of Modena.

For a time he chose to travel, visiting Holland, France and England. When he returned to Italy, he was made professor of anatomy at the University of Pavia in 1783, on the strong recommendation of Emperor Joseph II. His lectures were so popular with students that Emperor Joseph II commissioned Leopoldo Pollack to build a new anatomic theater, now called Aula Scarpa, inside the Old Campus of the University of Pavia. He remained in that post until 1804, when he stepped down to allow his student Santo Fattori to assume the chair.

In May 1791, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on account of being the "Author of some ingenious observations on the Ganglions of the Nerves, on the structure of the organs of hearing and smell, and other subjects of anatomy and Physiology"

In 1805, Napoleon was made King of Italy. He chose to visit the University of Pavia, upon which he inquired as to the whereabouts of Dr. Scarpa. He was informed that the doctor had been dismissed because of his political opinions and his refusal to take oaths, whereupon Dr. Scarpa was restored to his position as the chair. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

During his lifetime he became a rich man, acquiring a collection of valuable paintings and living a wealthy lifestyle. He was a confirmed bachelor, and fathered several sons out of wedlock (whom he favoured through nepotism). In his career, he earned a reputation for ruthlessness, destroying his enemies and taxing his favourites to their limits. Toward the end of his life, Antonio Scarpa suffered from a stone in his urinary system. This caused an inflammation of his bladder, which resulted in his death. He died in Pavia on 31 October 1832. After his death, his reputation was bitterly attacked, and even marble stones erected in his memory were defaced. After his death, his assistant Carlo Beolchin performed an autopsy which was documented in an extremely detailed report. As an incredible and ethically dubious act of homage to the great scientist, the head of the anatomist was removed and exhibited in the Institute of Anatomy. The head is still exhibited at the University History Museum of the University of Pavia.

Works
Dr. Scarpa published a number of medical treatises that were widely respected.

 * De structura fenestrae rotundae auris et de tympano secundario, anatomicae observationes, his first published work, focused on the structure of the inner ear. It was printed in 1772, shortly after he joined the University of Modena.

 * In 1789 he published Anatomicæ disquisitiones de auditu et olfactu, a study of the hearing and olfactory organs, which was soon considered a classical treatise on the subject.
 * He published Tabulae neurologicae in 1794, which was the first work to give an accurate depiction of the Heart's nerves and to show cardiac innervation. It is considered to be his finest work. Apparently Dr. Scarpa locked the engraver in his room until the illustrations were finished. This work included his discovery that the inner ear was filled with fluid. (This was later named Scarpa's fluid, and subsequently endolymph.)
 * Commentarius de Penitiori Ossium Structura, 1799, described the cellular structure of bone, along with notes on growth and diseases of bone.
 * His 1801 work, Saggio di osservazioni e d'esperienze sulle principali malattie degli occhi (A Treatise on the Principal Diseases of the Eyes) described and illustrated the major eye diseases. It was the first ophthalmology text published in Italian, but was subsequently published in several languages and earned him the title of "father of Italian ophthalmology".

 * Riflessioni ed Osservazione anatomico-chirugiche sull' Aneurisma, 1804, is a classical work on Aneurysms.
 * Sull'ernie memorie anatomico-chirurgiche in 1809 was a treatise on the hernia. The supplement work, Sull'ernie del perineo the first ever discussion of the perineal hernia. Traité pratique des hernie, ou, Mémoires anatomiques et chirurgicaux sur ces maladies in 1812, was an authoritative work on the hernia. Both Scarpa's fascia and Scarpa's triangle were derived from these works.

Eponyms

 * Scarpa's fascia
 * Scarpa's fluid
 * Scarpa's foramina
 * Scarpa's ganglion
 * Scarpa's hiatus
 * Scarpa's membrane
 * Scarpa's sheath
 * Scarpa's shoe
 * Scarpa's staphyloma
 * Scarpa's triangle

title: Antonio Scarpa


text:
Jan Poštulka

Jan Poštulka (born 9 March 1949) is a Czech former football player and later coach. He played as a goalkeeper for Czechoslovak teams Sparta Prague and Bohemians Prague. As a head coach, he enjoyed his greatest success in Central America (Champion of Central America, Champion of Costa Rica, Guatemala Cup Winner, LG Cup Winner) where he worked in the 1990s with the L.D.Alajuelense. As a coach, he spent some years with Sparta Prague. He managed FC Banants Yerevan to victory in the 2007 Armenian Cup.

Playing career (goalkeeper)

 * 1971–78 Sparta Prague 1.Czechoslovakia's league
 * 1978–80 Inter Bratislava 1.Czechoslovakia's league
 * 1980–83 Bohemians Prague 1.Czechoslovakia's league (80–83 participation in UEFA Cup)

Trainer career

 * 1983–90       Bohemians Prague 1.Czech league  – Assistant of head coach
 * champion of Czech Republic
 * participation in UEFA Cup
 * 1990–91 	Hradec Králové 1.Czech league – Assistant of head coach
 * 1991–93	L.D.Alajuelense 1.Costa Rican league – Head coach
 * champion of Costa Rica
 * champion of Central America and the Caribbean
 * finalist of CONCACAF
 * 1996–98	Sparta Prague 1. Czech league – Assistant of head coach
 * 2x champion of the Czech Republic
 * 2x participation in UEFA Champions League
 * 1998–99	Municipal de Guatemala 1.Guatemalan league – Head coach
 * winner of Guatemala Cup
 * LG cup winner (venue Costa Rica)
 * 2000–04	FK Teplice 1. Czech league	 – assistant and head coach
 * Czech cup winner
 * 3rd round of UEFA Cup
 * 2005     SK Dynamo Ceské Budejovice 1.Czech league – assistant of head coach
 * 2007     FC Banants Yerevan 1. Armenian league – Head coach
 * Armenian Cup winner

Other
Fair Play prize of the Czech Olympic Committee for lifetime contribution.

Trivia
His son Tomáš Poštulka is a goalkeeper, playing notably for Sparta Prague.

title: Jan Poštulka


text:
Shevington

Shevington is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. The population of the Wigan ward called Shevington and Lower Ground had increased to 11,482 at the 2011 Census.

Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, Shevington lies approximately 3 mi from Wigan town centre, 3.5 mi from Skelmersdale and at the 2001 census had a population of 9,786.

Toponymy
Shevington, a farmstead near a hill called shevin, derives from the Celtic cevn meaning a ridge and the Old English tun, a farmstead. It is a hill slope settlement in the Douglas Valley recorded in documents in 1225 as Shefington. Other recorded spellings include Scheuynton in 1253, Sheuington in 1277, Sewinton 1288 and Sheuynton in 1292.

History
Shevington became a manor, an estate system of local government held of the king by a lord of the manor from the 12th to the 18th centuries. The area was included within the ecclesiastical parish of Standish until 1887 when it was granted separate status with the consecration of St Anne's Church.

From earliest times the area had a sparse and scattered population eking out a living from the common and wood and farmlands owned by the church including Burscough Priory, Cockersand Abbey and the Knights Hospitallers until the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536, and that of the local gentry included Sir Adam Banastre, Lord of the Manor in 1288 and the Standish, Catterall, Stanley, Rigby, Hulton, Dicconson and Hesketh families, the last being the last lord of the manor in 1798.

In Tudor times only a handful of families existed, possibly as few as 30, the population reached 335 by 1764, and the first official census in 1801 recorded 646. The 1851 census 1,147, 1,753 in 1,901, reaching 3,057 by 1951 and 8,001 in 1971.

By the 18th century most of the common land had been enclosed forming landed estates and tenant farms where mixed farming was practised. Corn was ground into flour at local water mills – Finch Mill on the Calico Brook and Standish Mill on Mill Brook and skills associated with agriculture developed – smithies, wheelwrights and so on. Handloom weaving and basket making were also undertaken together with primitive coal mining in the Elnup Woods area.

Demand for coal mining during the Industrial Revolution led to an intensification of mining with coal from many local pits transported via the River Douglas at Gathurst when the river was made navigable in 1742 but replaced from the 1780s by the Leeds and Liverpool Canal when much of the coal was loaded on to barges at Crooke. Past industries have included a glue factory and brick and tile works in Appley Bridge and the ICI Roburite Nobel Division Explosives Works (now Orica) at Gathurst from 1941-42 which employed over 500 workers during the Second World War, but was first established south of the River Douglas in 1888. The ICI Nobels Roburite Works was connected to Gathurst railway station by a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway.

Shevington's scattered communities became more cohesive with the development of the village school from 1814, residential development from the 1850s the original Plough & Harrow public house, post office and shops near or in the long-recognised centre of the village at Broad o' th' Lane.

Governance
Anciently Shevington lay in the hundred of Leyland in Lancashire. It was a township in the parish of Standish and in 1837 became part of the Poor Law Union of Wigan. In 1894 under the Local Government Act the village achieved the status of a parish council, which included Shevington Vale, part of Appley Bridge, Shevington Moor and Crooke within its ancient boundaries, defined by the Calico Brook, Almond Brook, Mill Brook and the River Douglas. Since local government reforms which took place in 1974, Shevington has formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan of Greater Manchester, having previously been part of the administrative county of Lancashire.

Following the local elections in May 2012, Shevington now has three Labour District Councillors. This is the first time since 2006 that Labour has held all three seats.

The village currently has a parish council, which receives a precept from the Council Tax.

Geography
Shevington is built on sloping land between Standish and Wigan to the north-east of the River Douglas. Its area is 1708 acre. The underlying rocks are coal measures. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs parallel to the River Douglas. Shevington is located close to Junction 27 of the M6 motorway and is bordered by the villages of Appley Bridge and Standish, but also has close links to the villages of Wrightington and Standish Lower Ground.

Today there is little evidence of past industrial activity, though there has been a marked increase in residential development between the 1950s and 1980s, attracted by Shevington's pleasant rural setting, still surrounded by much open land and ancient woods. Further residential development, on the former Orica site to the south of the village, was completed in the early 2010s and is called Oakwood Meadows. The 2001 census recorded a population of 11,725 in the Shevington with Lower Ground ward.

Education
Shevington High School is a secondary school. There are three primary schools in and around the village; Millbrook Primary School, St. Bernadette's Roman Catholic Primary School and Shevington Vale Primary School. Unusually, the primary school associated with St. Anne's Church in Shevington is in the neighbouring village of Standish Lower Ground. The village of Appley Bridge is also a neighbour of Shevington.

Transport
Shevington has good communications via the M6 motorway (junction 27) which progressed through the parish in 1963 and the Manchester to Southport Line railway, with stations at Gathurst and Appley Bridge which first opened in the 1850s. From these stations there are direct rail links to both Southport and Manchester, as well as connections at Wigan to the West Coast Main Line. There is also a connection to the M58 motorway via nearby junction 26 of the M6.

The 113,635 and 362 serve the village of Shevington as well as 640 and 641

Religion
There are three churches and two vicarages in Shevington, the oldest being St. Anne's Church. There is also Shevington Methodist Church and St. Bernadette's Roman Catholic Church. All three churches provide worship for Christians and social and community activities for the whole village.

Amenities
The Shevington community consists of a mixture of private and council housing, predominantly centred on two rows of shops in the centre of the village. Shevington has two pharmacies, one newsagents, a post office, a small supermarket, two bakers' shops, a carpet shop, a fish and chip shop, an estate agent, three hairdressers, a hardware store, three takeaways, a restaurant called juniper and a Conservative club and a public house. There is also a clinic, a doctors' surgery and a library.

Shevington also has a public park, containing a war memorial to those lost during the 20th century's both world wars.

Sport
Shevington has an amateur rugby league club called Shevington Sharks who play in the North West Counties League. Home games are played at St. John Rigby College. The Shevington football team, Shevington Strikers, plays its matches on the recreation ground behind the Methodist church. Gathurst Golf Club is also in the village.

title: Shevington


text:
Category:Advertising campaigns

An advertising campaign is a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC). Advertising campaigns appear in different media across a specific time frame.

title: Category:Advertising campaigns


text:
Colonie Central High School

Colonie Central High School is a public high school in the town of Colonie, with the postal address of Albany, New York. In 2005 it had 2225 students and 132 classroom teachers. It is part of the South Colonie Central School District. The building principal was Christopher Robilotti until the 2020–2021 school year when Thomas Kachadurian was promoted.

Academics
Colonie High School offers Advanced Placement (AP) courses in numerous disciplines. In addition, the high school, in conjunction with nearby Hudson Valley Community College, offers several "College in High School courses", in which students can earn college credits for classes taken in the high school. Colonie also has a large technology department, where students can take all of the courses in the Project Lead the Way engineering sequence. Also, the school offers credits from SUNY Albany, RIT and College of St. Rose. Three foreign languages are taught at the school, including Spanish, French and Italian.

Notable alumni

 * Tony Rossi (b. 1943), college baseball coach
 * Michael Nolin (b. 1948), film producer, writer, director, executive, Savannah college of Art and Design professor
 * Jason Bittner (b. 1970), drummer, Shadows Fall
 * Chad Dukes (b. 1971), running back for several NFL teams
 * David Gamble (b. 1971), wide receiver for the Super Bowl Champion Denver Broncos
 * Julia DeVillers, children's book author, book made into Disney Channel movie Read it and Weep
 * Bobby Fish, (b. 1976), professional wrestler for All Elite Wrestling.
 * Lucy D’Escoffier Crespo da Silva (b. 1978), MIT student and promising astronomer for whom the asteroid 96747 Crespodasilva is named. She died in 2000.
 * Kristie Marano (b. 1979), Olympic wrestler

title: Colonie Central High School


text:
David Atkins

David Atkins, OAM (born 12 December 1955) is an Australian dancer, choreographer, music-theatre director and producer.

Stage and television
Atkins began his performance career aged 12 with a role in the musical Mame. As an adult performer, as well as performing in shows such as A Chorus Line and The Pirates of Penzance, he created and performed in his own works Dancin' Man and Dynamite.

World events
Atkins has directed and produced major live events in various countries. These include Opening, Victory and Closing Ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Honours and awards
Atkins was recognised in the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours with a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for his contribution to the Australian entertainment industry. In 2010, the Australian Event Awards presented him with a Lifetime Achievement Award for his enduring contributions to the Australian events industry.

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. David Atkins won nine awards in that time. (wins only)
 * 1991
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * rowspan="2"| 1992
 * David Atkins
 * Musical Theatre Male Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * David Atkins
 * Musical Theatre Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * rowspan="2"| 1994
 * David Atkins
 * Musical Theatre Male Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * David Atkins
 * Australian Showbusiness Ambassador
 * Won
 * rowspan="2"| 1995
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * David Atkins
 * Australian Showbusiness Ambassador
 * Won
 * 1997
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * 1998
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * 1997
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * 1998
 * David Atkins
 * Outstanding Contribution to Musical Theatre
 * Won
 * Won

title: David Atkins


text:
Ruff and honours

Ruff and Honours, Ruffe and Trump or Slamm was an English trick-taking card game that was popular in the 16th and 17th centuries; it was superseded in the 18th century by Whist.

History
Ruff and Honours is covered in Charles Cotton's The Compleat Gamester of 1674 where it is described as being commonly known in all parts of England. At the time Randle Cotgrave thought the name was just a synonym for Trump. The game was also known as Slamm, a less popular form was called Whist, and it was closely related to Ruffe and Trump described by Francis Willughby.

Willughby speculated that there was an earlier simple trick-taking game without the ruff and honours. Cavendish and others state that ruff and honours was a descendant of the French game of Triomphe (→ Middle English triumph → Modern English trump). Triomphe, whose English variant was known as French Ruff, was a five-card game using a shortened deck, an up-turned trump card and played either in partnership or singlehandedly with 2-7 players. The earliest reference to a card game called "Triumph" in English is a 1522 translation of a French book. The earliest reference of "Triumph" being played in England is in a sermon by Hugh Latimer in 1529. The earliest mention of Triomphe goes back to France in the 1480s.

Ruff originates from an obscure 15th-century Italian game known as Ronfa and probably entered the English language through the French equivalent of Ronfle – first recorded in 1458 – where it meant "point" as formerly in the game of Piquet. By the late 16th-century, due to confusion by English players, ruff acquired its English meaning of "to trump".

Features
The game has been reconstructed from Cotton's "ruff and honours" and Willughby's similar "ruffe and trump".

 * Four players form two teams of two, partners sitting opposite one another.
 * Using a standard 52-card deck, 12 cards are dealt to each player, four at a time.
 * The remaining four cards become the stock, of which the top card is exposed to determine the trump suit.
 * The holder of the Ace of trump "ruffs", i.e. takes in the stock and discards any four cards; the dealer ruffs if the exposed top card is the ace.
 * Play begins with the person to the dealer's left. The player leads a card and all other players follow suit if possible. A player who cannot follow suit may play any card. The trick is won by the highest ranked card, i.e. by the highest trump card and if no trump card is played, by the highest card in suit led.
 * Twelve tricks are played as normal, scoring one point for each trick the partners have in excess of six.
 * Honours in the partnership's hands are usually scored at the end. Two points for three honours; four points for all four honours (AKQJ of trumps).
 * Except on eight points, honours are declared immediately to end the game. One can declare three or more honours in your hand, or with two honours call "Can-ye?" and if your partner has an honour score them.
 * Deals continue until one side wins by reaching nine points.

Literature

 * In Antony and Cleopatra (Act IV, Scene XIV), Antony uses a Trump metaphor: "[she has] Pack'd cards with Caesar, and false-play'd my glory; Unto an enemy's triumph."
 * A Woman Killed with Kindness and The Fair Maid of the West, both by Thomas Heywood, Katharine Lee Bates 1917 ISBN 1-4446-4519-6

title: Ruff and honours


text:
Fosse Shopping Park

Fosse Shopping Park is one of Britain's biggest out-of-town shopping parks and it is situated in Enderby parish, in Blaby district, on the southern edge of the city of Leicester, England.

The retail park is in an area of mixed industrial and commercial development, about half a mile from Junction 21 of the M1, where it meets the M69. Junction 21 also connects the M1 with the A5460 (Narborough Road), from the centre of Leicester, and Leicester's main ring road, the A563. As of 2016, it is one of "about twenty" retail parks owned by the Crown Estate.

History
London & Edinburgh Trust opened Fosse Park in 1989, the 265000 sqft development contained 12 retail warehouses, including Marks & Spencer as an anchor store. In 1996 Castlemore Securities bought an adjacent factory from the shoe manufacturer and retailer, the Oliver Group, for £25m and obtained a restricted planning consent for Fosse Park South.

In 1997 Pillar Property bought Fosse Park South for £52.5m from Castlemore and the original Fosse Park from SPP (the Swedish pension fund that owns LET) for £60m, thus uniting both halves of the park to create a 416536 sqft investment valued at £205m a year later. In 2004 Pillar attempted to sell Fosse Park, but withdrew when its £320m valuation was not achieved. In 2005 Reit Asset Management bought Fosse Park for £308m, while Pillar's had valued it at £350m. In 2006 Irish investors bought Fosse Park for £360m before placing it on the market once again in 2010.

When opened in 1989, Fosse Park commanded an average rent of £11/sq ft. . this has risen to £105/sq ft, higher than any other retail park in the UK.

In April 2021, Fosse Park West and the Food Central extension opened to the public, positioned on the land previously occupied by Everards Brewery. As part of the development there are 8 Tesla Superchargers.

Stores
As of May 2024, notable retailers within the shopping park are: Boots, Superdrug, KFC, McDonald's, Marks & Spencer, Next, Primark, Sports Direct & USC, WHSmith, Toys "R" Us and JD Sports.

Previous notable tenants of Fosse Park include: Olympus Outdoor World, Shoe City, Mothercare, Adams Kids, Wallis, Habitat, Dorothy Perkins, East Midlands Electricity, Sports Division, JJB Sports, Burton, Gap Inc., BHS, Focus Do It All, Comet and Outfit (including Topshop, Topman, Evans) and upon merging with Currys the stores of Carphone Warehouse and PC World were closed and moved inside of Currys.

A Tesla pop-up location opened outside of Marks & Spencer in May 2024.

A new Toys "R" Us store opened in the new WHSmith store on May 25, 2024.

Transport
Fosse Shopping Park is serviced by Arriva Midlands bus services 50, 104, X6 and X84 alongside the Leicester Orbital service operated by Centrebus.

title: Fosse Shopping Park


text:
Talk:DOSBox/Archive 1

Quick question
Should I mention that DOXBox runs on the Sony Play Station portable console?
 * Only if you've got a reliable source for it, and if it's an officially supported platform.--Drat (Talk) 05:25, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Unreal mode
Does this emulator support unreal mode, as stated in that article? --surueña 14:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe it does, as one of the many DOS games I play in the BeOS version of DOSBox requires it - just not sure which one now.... --Kiand 14:21, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Stub?
Why is this a stub? Seems comprehensive.

slow program
Many games I played on DOSBox run slow on it compared to the Windows XP virtual DOS mode. Is their any way to tweak the settings to allow programs to run faster? (unsigned comment from anon)
 * I don't have any experience running it on windows (I use linux), but I believe it's obvious it'll be much slower. DosBOX is an emulator; the code is translated with a jitter or interpreted by an interpreter, not run directly on your CPU; and all hardware (vga card, sound card, etc.) is emulated, not used directly. It makes sense because it works in other arches (like ppc) and will still run even if the hardware dogmas do change, like how future amd64 or intel's 64bit cpus will drop x86 support completelly. On Linux, on slow cpus, what we do is stuff like enabling frameskip and jit as opposed to interpreter.-- Roc VallèsTalk - 23:42, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's worth remembering that the DOSBox crew are constantly improving the Dynamic core option both in terms of speed and stability. I've performed a test using the DOS version of Quake to compare how fast will it perform, and found out that in 0.70 it was nearly twice as fast as in 0.65, if the FPS given by the program can be relied upon.--The Fifth Horseman 12:47, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Bs,it cant emulate a game like daggerfall without massive tweaking and lagging and ridoculus hardware., yet there are emulators who can play ps1 games perfectly which is harder to do, i dont care "its emulating a whole pc" argument, it still sucks at gaming and thats what it's made for == LExi ==  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.197.208.168 (talk) 22:37, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Faster then VMware
Can anyone comment on this quote from the Windows XP Professional x64 Edition page:

 * Another solution is to use virtualization software like VMware or VirtualPC to run other versions of Windows or MS-DOS, but are considered "hellishly slow" to users compared to the aforementioned DOSBox. DOSBox will also allow 16-bit Windows applications to run by running Windows 3.1 on the emulator

I've always believed and heard that DOSbox is in fact slower then VMware and other virtualisation software. This makes sense because it's an emulator even if it does do dynamic translation. As such, this comment sounds incorrect to me. But I don't have enough experience to say for sure. If you're reasonably sure that this claim is incorrect, please go ahead and edit the Windows XP Professional x64 Edition page. Nil Einne 19:48, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, I removed the offending text but those 2 paragraphs are worded extremly poorly. I'll fix that up if I get time.

To answer your question. Virtual PC and Vmware are MUCH faster than DosBox due to the fact that they are virtualization products. They mostly (I say mostly because some instructions are still emulated) use the host processor for processing instructions whereas DosBox emulates a processor. Ronald Phillips

Non-x86?
which may not run properly on newer PCs and may not run at all on non-IBM PC compatibles (e.g. PowerPC Macintosh).
 * If DOSBox has been ported to GP2X, doesn't that make this statement untrue? Or does the GP2X have something similar to an x86?  —TheMuuj Talk 18:16, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I read that statement out of context. I retract my question. —TheMuuj Talk 05:19, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Full screen
Every time I try to play a game in full screen, it won't let me because of the frequency range of my monitor.--67.10.200.101 21:50, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

DRM?
Does DOSBox have any form of DRM? Devil Master 09:09, 15 December 2006 (MET)
 * None that I know of. Why would it? It's just an emulator.--Drat (Talk) 08:19, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Lexi
Like all open source programs its crap. this useless emulator  cannot run dukenukem 3d on a 3200 64bit amd —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.149.107.137 (talk • contribs)
 * Have you read the issues section? Game console emulators have slightly similar problems. It's also pretty silly to dismiss all open source software because of one program.--Drat (Talk) 22:58, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Actually, it can run Duke 3D pretty well, if you configure it correctly. I've been able to do that with a 640x480 ingame resolution with no major speed problems on a Sempron 2500+. Have to say, though, that this is primarily thanks to the Dynamic Core option, which has apparently received a lot of fixes for optimization and stability in the most recent version. I ran a bunch of tests, and it seems to be about 150-200% faster in v0.70 than in the prior v0.65. --The Fifth Horseman 15:18, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

((Lexi)) Look at mame that is a fast emulator, gens is a fast emulator, fusion is a fast emulator, dosbox is horrendously slow —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 88.149.107.137 (talk • contribs).

And you still don't get the point. MAME? Depends on what game you're trying to run. Most arcade machines were happy with 286 and 386 CPU's, so they naturally emulate nicely. But try running something more modern that uses complex architecture and your complaint will apply to MAME as well. GENS? Fusion? Sure. Any modern computer can emulate a 7.6 mHz 16-bit CPU. Heck, a decent 100 mHz 486 should be able to. DOSBox emulates an entire 32-bit computer, so it should be pretty obvious it won't run as fast as MAME, GENS or Fusion except when you're running some really old games. And by old I mean 15+ years old ones.  Furthermore, DosBox is far more complex to use than any of the emulators you mentioned. You can fire up - say - ZSNES, and all you'll have to worry about is running the ROM file and setting a nice graphics scaler. In contrast, when one wants to run resource-demanding games in DosBox, there is a number of things that should be taken care of - Core, Cycles, Frameskip, Scaler and Output just to start with, and of course resolution the game itself runs at. Just as I said before, Duke 3D can be ran quite smoothly even on a Sempron 2500+, if you are willing to accept a 640x480 resolution. An Athlon 3200 should be able to run it in 800x600 with no problem.  If you need help in configuring DosBox, just leave me a message on my talk page.--The Fifth Horseman 13:55, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

If Ps1 can be emulated, there is no excuse for dosbox not being Available to emulate old games like daggerfall, why do people want a dos emulator? To play old games, not to have a realistic dos experience at the cost of exeuly emulating games (damn linux zealots), and the cgi in dosbox is worse then your average windows 95 program. Dosbox is just another open source failure   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.197.208.168 (talk) 22:41, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

I have an old old DOS game called "Grime" which I would like to play again (green ASCII graphics / kill the weird growing mould-thing before it consumes the playing area.) It stores highscores on a floppy disk, which causes freeze-ups in DOSBox. Does anyone know how to get around this? Bastie 03:34, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Another question: is it possible to run Tandy games using DOSBox? Bastie 04:01, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * In answer to my own questions: (1) I found a way to disable disc access for this game (simply overwrite all INT 13 commands with NOP), so it now runs - albeit without saved highscores. (2) In dosbox.conf set machine=tandy to enable emulation. Bastie 08:16, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * This isn't a forum for discussing the topic. There is an official DOSBox forum for such things.--Drat (Talk) 05:25, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Growing controversy over Steam?
It looks like there is some "steam" coming out with regards to Valve packaging a bunch of iD games with a modified version of Dosbox without the license nor source. Does someone want to cover this? There is some analysis over by the way of [] and there are more official news websites reporting on it. But Slashdot appears to have some technical analysis going on. There is also info here on the dosbox forums - [] --EvilMonkeySlayer 11:52, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It is my understanding that the issues have be resolved. I have been thinking of adding a small section to the DOSBox page about commercial use of DOSBox (2K Games, Vivendi, and Steam) and how the companies failed/succeeded in doing "the right thing".
 * -- MiniMax.DK 20:54, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * You'll need more reliable sources than forums and slashdot.--Drat (Talk) 20:51, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I have - the developers with commit-rights to the DOSBox source repository
 * -- MiniMax.DK 20:57, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Slowness
This isn't a forum. Take your grievances to the DOSBox forums. I doubt they've even really read this page.--Drat (Talk) 02:14, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Those complaints are nearly always the result of users' own ignorance and inability to use the emulator properly.
 * If I can get DOSBox to run Duke Nukem 3D or Quake smoothly on a 1,75 gHz CPU with 1 GB RAM and Windows XP operating system then anyone can achieve the same - especially with a better CPU - if only they just put a little effort into it.
 * But then, there are always some people who thing they're too 1337 to do such mundane things as reading the documentation or thinking for themselves. --The Fifth Horseman (talk) 11:35, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:DOSBox/Archive 1


text:
Portal:Trains/Anniversaries/July 13/More

19th century

 * 1836 – John Ruggles is awarded for his improvements to railroad steam locomotive tires.
 * 1887 – The Chateaugay Railway, a predecessor of the Delaware and Hudson Railway, is incorporated.
 * 1887 – The second Tay Rail Bridge across the Firth of Tay in Scotland opens.
 * 1900 – In Paris, France, the Montmartre Funicular opens.

20th century

 * 1903 – Danbury Union Station in Danbury, Connecticut, on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, opens.
 * 1987 – Union Pacific Railroad files with the Interstate Commerce Commission to acquire the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad.

21st century

 * 2005 – In the Ghotki rail crash, a passenger train stopped at the Ghotki, Pakistan, train station is hit from behind by a train that missed a signal; more than 100 fatalities are reported.


text:
Black Guards

Black Guards (Чёрная гвардия) were armed groups of workers formed after the February Revolution and before the final Bolshevik suppression of other left-wing groups. They were the main strike force of the anarchists. They were created in the Summer of 1917 in Ukraine by Maria Nikiforova, and expanded in January 1918 to Moscow, under the control of anarchists at industrial enterprises by Factory and Plant Committees and by Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups cells.

Origin
Russian anarchists opposed the creation of a regular Red Army with the call "To arms!" and the widespread organization of rebel committees with the aim of total arming of the populace. The anarchist press of Petrograd, Moscow and other large centers carried out massive agitation with the aim of creating free fighting squads of the "Black Guard". As the newspaper Burevestnik, the organ of the Petrograd Federation, wrote:

"“Those gentlemen are cruelly mistaken, thinking that the real revolution is already over, that now all that remains is to consolidate those disgusting gains that went to the working people. No! The real revolution, the social revolution, the liberator of the working people of all countries, is just beginning.”"

Maria Nikiforova organized the Black Guards' first unit. Nikiforova, often known by her nickname Marusya, was a Ukrainian anarchist organiser who put together the first Black Guards cell in the city of Alexandrovsk in Ukraine. Nikiforova started the first Black Guards cell in an attempt to force land reform and wealth redistribution to fruition. Nikiforova, a self-proclaimed terrorist, directed her unit of Black Guards to terrorize the Alexandrovsk local government in order to achieve the political change she desired. Later similar cells were established by Nestor Makhno throughout other portions of Ukraine. Makhno, during the revolution, seized land and distributed wealth among the peasants.

The strength of the Black Guard quickly grew, which was noted, in particular, by the Deputy Chairman of the Cheka Jēkabs Peterss. In addition, by March 1918, anarchists controlled 25 mansions in Moscow, and some of them were located near strategically important points of the city. Since the relations between the allies in the revolutionary camp, the Bolsheviks and the anarchists, were gradually aggravated, they prepared for future clashes. According to the Cheka, an anarchist action against the Bolsheviks was scheduled for April 18, and therefore it was decided to launch a preemptive strike, disarming the Black Guard units.

Suppression in Russia
On the night of April 11, 1918, Felix Dzerzhinsky, director of the Cheka, had a force of approximately 5,000 Soviet troops attack the anarchist headquarters in Moscow. Anarchists returned fire, with the help of artillery, but the Bolsheviks suppressed resistance on Donskaya Street and entered into a firefight on Povarskaya Street. The last stronghold of the Black Guard was the Zeitlin mansion, which was taken by 12 noon, and in general, the fighting between the forces of the Cheka and the anarchists stopped by 2 PM. As a result of this operation, the Bolsheviks killed 40 anarchists, some of whom were shot on the spot. In addition, 10 to 12 security officers and soldiers were killed in the fighting.

Recalling these events, the Russian anarchist Vsevolod Volin wrote in his book The Unknown Revolution: "[O]n the night of April 12, under a false and absurd pretext, [the quarters of] all the Anarchist organizations in Moscow — and principally those of the Federation of Anarchist Groups in that city — were attacked and sacked by troops and the police force. For several hours the capital took on the appearance of a city in a state of siege. Even artillery took part in the “action”.

This operation served as a signal for the sacking of the libertarian organizations in nearly all the important cities of Russia. And as always the provincial authorities exceeded in zeal those in the capital.

Leon Trotsky, who for two weeks had prepared the blow, and who had carried out in person, among the regiments, an unbridled agitation against the “anarcho-bandits”, had the satisfaction of being able to make his famous declaration: “At last the Soviet government, with an iron broom, has rid Russia of Anarchism.”"

After the defeat of the Black Guard in Moscow, a search was carried out of the mansions seized from the anarchists, in some of which gold was found. The Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups was accused of having links with criminals and about 500 people were arrested. At the same time, Dzerzhinsky, commenting on what happened, noted:

"We in no way had in mind and did not want to fight the ideological anarchists. And at the present time, we are releasing all the ideological anarchists who were detained on the night of April 12, and if, perhaps, some of them will be brought to justice, it will only be for covering up crimes committed by criminal elements that have infiltrated anarchist organizations. There are very few ideological anarchists among the people detained by us, and only a few among hundreds.”"

The events in Moscow were the signal for the beginning of the struggle in the regions. On the morning of April 12, in the town of Gorodets, the anarchists, headed by the chairman of the city council, began a struggle against the Bolsheviks. With the support of armored cars, they captured Novocherkassk and began to hunt down the Bolsheviks. The center of the anarchists in the Volga region was Samara, where during the April “disarmament” the detachments managed to hide their weapons. At the end of April, the Samara Black Guard "flying" detachment of Smorodinov (made up of 600 militants with armored cars) captured the city of Buguruslan. The struggle of the anarchists against the Bolsheviks in the Volga region lasted all April and May. In Kursk, the anarchists revolted and held the city on April 10-29, 1918. On May 9, the Commissariat of Internal Affairs sent a directive to all provincial Soviets: “The experience of Moscow, Petrograd and other cities has proved that hooligans, thieves, robbers and counter-revolutionaries are hiding behind the flag of anarchist organizations, they are secretly preparing the overthrow of Soviet power... Disarm all the squads and organizations of the anarchists. Anyone can have a weapon only with the permission of the local Soviets" (Izvestia No. 91, 05/10/18). However, on May 17, the anarchists, in alliance with the maximalists, spearheaded a new uprising in Samara. The remaining presence of the Black Guards was significantly weakened by their own internal divisions and lack of organization. Russian revolutionary writer Victor Serge, who was initially part of anarchist movement, believed that much of the Black Guards real capacities was "wasted on small and chaotic struggles."

Militarization in Ukraine
Ultimately the legacy of the Black Guards was its serving as a model for the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. Following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Nestor Makhno formed a Black Guards unit in Ukraine that would later grow into what was formally known as the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU). The RIAU may have been considered a continuation of the Black Guards if it were not on a far larger, more organized, and unified scale.

Characteristics of the Black Guard
The anarchists understood that criminals, people who were not tested for reliability, would only harm them, especially since the situation was heating up. Therefore, unreliable people were purged from the ranks of the Black Guard, and admissions standards raised. On April 4, a request was received from the headquarters of the Black Guard to provide lists of all persons belonging to the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups. Militants were only admitted to the Black Guard on the recommendation of either local groups; three members of the Federation; Factory committees; or District Councils.

The Black Guard was created as an alternative to traditional army structures, and it set about training detachments that could operate in partisan conditions. Instead of a disciplined integral army, the anarchists created a number of disciplined squads, acting not in formation, not in open battle, not by military etiquette, but by guerrilla detachments of raiders and terrorists. These detachments were created with the aim of “securing the conquests already taken from the teeth of the bourgeoisie who had gone underground and from the raids of the international gold monopoly in the White Guard uniform.” These units were supposed to replace the militant groups accustomed to operating in tsarist Russia, whose usual practice was expropriation, terrorist acts against the police - "propaganda by the deed" - by forming permanent anarchist units. At the same time, the Black Guard was not supposed to participate in searches, arrests and other similar actions, since this was considered the prerogative of the Red Guard.

title: Black Guards


text:
User:Ridgeback

Hello, my name is Catherine.

- 21 years old - Female - Proudly 531

title: User:Ridgeback


text: File:Kandersteg International Scout Centre campsite in the 1920s.jpg


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File:Dual modulus.png

Frequency Synthesiser with dual-modulus prescaler block diagram Better version with more compression.

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List of obelisks in Rome

The city of Rome harbours thirteen ancient obelisks, the most in the world. There are eight ancient Egyptian and five ancient Roman obelisks in Rome, together with a number of more modern obelisks; there was also until 2005 an ancient Ethiopian obelisk in Rome.

The Romans used special heavy cargo carriers called obelisk ships to transport the monuments down the Nile to Alexandria and from there across the Mediterranean Sea to Rome. On site, large Roman cranes were employed to erect the monoliths.

Ancient Egyptian obelisks
At least eight obelisks created in antiquity by the Egyptians were taken from Egypt after the Roman conquest and brought to Rome.

Ancient Roman obelisks
At least five obelisks were manufactured in Egypt in the Roman period at the request of the wealthy Romans, or made in Rome as copies of ancient Egyptian originals.

Obelisk of Axum

There was also an Ethiopian obelisk in Rome, the Obelisk of Axum, 24 m, placed in the Piazza di Porta Capena. It had been taken from Axum by the Italian Army during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1937. It was struck by lightning in May 2002. After being restored, it was returned to Ethiopia in April 2005.

Modern obelisks

There are five well-known modern obelisks in Rome:
 * Villa Medici, 19th century copy of the original, found in the gardens and taken to Florence.
 * Two obelisks in the Villa Torlonia, 1842, Baveno granite
 * Foro Italico, 1932, 17.5 m, Carrara marble, originally dedicated to Benito Mussolini, and inscribed Mussolini Dux
 * Marconi, 1959, 45 m, in the centre of the EUR district, dedicated to Guglielmo Marconi, built for the 1960 Summer Olympics. 92 panels in white marble contain illustrations of Marconi's career and allegorical scenes.

Former locations of some obelisks

 * Lateranense at Karnak, Egypt: 25.71874°N, 32.6574°W
 * Lateranense at Circus Maximus in Rome: 41.88509°N, 12.48735°W

 * Vaticano at Forum Iulium in Alexandria, Egypt: 31.198°N, 29.9192°W
 * Vaticano at Vatican Circus in Rome: 41.90162°N, 12.45415°W

 * Flaminio at Heliopolis, Egypt: 30.12953°N, 31.28889°W
 * Flaminio at Circus Maximus in Rome: 41.88687°N, 12.48428°W

 * Solare at Heliopolis, Egypt: 30.12953°N, 31.28889°W
 * Solare at Campus Martius in Rome: 41.90284°N, 12.47773°W

title: List of obelisks in Rome