text:
Talk:His Majesty's Coastguard

Emergency numbers?
Why do they tell you at school, that fire, police and ambulance are the services to contact in an emergency, but not the coastguard, RNLI, Mountain or cave rescue? MT —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 195.194.74.75 (talk • contribs) 11:35, July 25, 2005 (UTC).

HM Coastguard promote the use of 999 calls for people in danger or distress at sea, on or near the coast, this information is made available in safety guides and publications.

The tasking of RNLI lifeboats is co-ordinated by HM Coastguard and therefore is not a 999 emergency service. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.6.250.109 (talk) 22:39, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

 * HM Coastguard are the tasking authority for the RNLI. It is a 999 service and regularly receives 999 calls for persons in distress along the coast. You can test this yourself by calling 999 and asking for the coastguard.
 * The reason that at school they do not teach about the Coastguard is very simple, most people do not live along the coast and therefore not aware of what to do if they get into trouble at sea as they only rarely visit the seaside. 81.145.207.27 (talk) 23:32, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

aircraft ownership?
Are the helicopters owned by the HM Coastguard, or are they wet leased? — Instantnood 09:16, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * the helos are leased from CHC if I remember correctly, they`re a canadian company that lease choppers to offshore oil rigs and such.

Daft 17;58, 30 march 2007

 * The current S-61s are leased from Bristow Helicopters (G-BBHL @ Stornaway, G-BBVA @ Sumburgh, G-BCLC @ Sumburgh, G-BDIJ @ Lee-on-Solent, G-BDOC @ Sumbrugh, G-BIMU @ Stornaway, G-BPWB @ Portland).MilborneOne 17:54, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

the law
Were you aware that HM Coastguard do not have a legal duty towards people seeking their help, even where they are aware that person is in danger, according to OLL Ltd v Secretary of State for Transport, 1997. The case concerned HM Coastguard's negligence regarding a group of schoolchildren who got into difficulties kayaking off the dorset coast. HMCG are reported to have taken several hours to respond to emergency calls. Anyway, I'm considering adding a small note on it if nobody objects, though this rule could easily be reversed if a similar case was appealed (this case was only High Court and so did not set precedent) HJ Mitchell (talk) 13:43, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Ranks both Historic and modern
Is it worth adding a section detailing the hierachy, both Historic and modern? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.38.11.86 (talk) 09:54, 15 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think it is. I'll have a go, if nobody else wants to. I've done similar for several other statutory and voluntary UK organisations. Will get round to it asap.  Timothy Titus Talk To TT  22:19, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Done - or at least started!  Timothy Titus Talk To TT  12:45, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

The whole Rank Structure section is totally outdated now but I don't know how to edit the table. And the 'Full Time' and 'Volunteer' headings should be changed to 'Maritime' and 'Coastal'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.109.89 (talk) 14:24, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a link to any source giving details of the changes? We need to work from reliable sources - at present a quick search on-line only produces other sources with the same structure as currently shown in the table. I'm not doubting you, just looking for a source.  Timothy Titus Talk To TT  16:34, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

I am concerned...
In this edit another contributor placed the link  UK's Emergency tow vessel fleet .

This kind of link really concerns me. I know that traditionally we have used links to subsection headings within articles in the WP: namespace. But you will find a limited use of linking to subsection heading within article space.

If a topic is worth linking to, it is worth a standalone article. Linking to subsections within other articles defeats some of the most powerful features of our wikimedia software.
 * 1) Unlike the broader world-wide-web wikipedia links don't break if the name of target of the wikilink is changed.  Our redirection mechanism normally silently takes care of this for us.  However, linking to subsection headings breaks this.  If the subsection heading is changed, even adding whitespace, punctuation, or making subtle spelling corrections breaks a link to a subsection heading.
 * 2) We have a powerful watchlist feature.  Defeated when a standalone article is merged into another article.  People who had the article that got merged on their watchlist want to see how our coverage of that topic evolved.  First they will have to add the new article to their watchlist.  And, once they do so only a fraction of the watchlist hits will be to changes they are actually interested in.
 * 3) We have a powerful "what links here" feature.  Similarly to our watchlist there is no support for "what links here" when the wikilink is to a subsection heading.  Someone who thinks about changing a subsection heading has no mechanism for learning if that subsection heading is the target of wikilinks.

In my opinion we should never use wikilinks that point to subsections within articles within article space. If a topic is worth linking to it is worth a separate article. Better a redlink than a link to subsection of another article. Geo Swan (talk) 06:07, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090216121243/http%3A//yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title%3DCoastguard_History to http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Coastguard_History
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090725051630/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/uk/cg/ukaf-cg-home.htm to http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/uk/cg/ukaf-cg-home.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070516170103/http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-hmcg_rescue/mcga-hmcg-history-of-coastguard.htm to http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-hmcg_rescue/mcga-hmcg-history-of-coastguard.htm
 * Added archive http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090216121243/http%3A//yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title%3DCoastguard_History to http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=Coastguard_History

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:16, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Vietnam Marine Police Racing Stripe.jpg

Equipment
Aircraft fixed wing - Beech 200 Super King Air operated by 2 Excel — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cranbone (talk • contribs) 02:09, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

Difference to the RNLI
I am a big supporter of the RNLI (financially only I admit) but don't know what the difference is between the Coastguard and RNLI. This article should make it very clear what work the Coastguard do that is different to the RNLI. People think the Coastguard is a poorly known, but paid, relative to the voluntary RNLI, and thus they are seen as virtual nobodies. If somewhere is says how they work with the RNLI it'd help their reputation as being, well, nobodies. Sirhissofloxley (talk) 23:34, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Not sure we need to make comparisons in the article, the Coastguard is a government organisation responsible among other things for search and rescue. The RNLI is a life saving charity whose assets and people are sometimes used by the coastguard to save lifes at sea. MilborneOne (talk) 10:14, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 9 February 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (non-admin closure)   ❯❯❯  Raydann  (Talk)   15:21, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

His Majesty's Coastguard → HM Coastguard – This page was moved to "Her Majesty's Coastguard" as per WP:NCA. More recently it was changed again, for obvious reasons. However, I feel that WP:NCA does not apply here, since the acronym "HM" is dependent on the monarch's sex, and as such it might be preferable to revert to the acronymized version. In terms of commonality it seems that "HM Coastguard" is used quite often already anyway. Jay D. Easy (t) 15:05, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The current title is the most common name. The next 2 heirs apparent are also male, so it is doubtful we will have to move this article again for many decades. Rreagan007 (talk) 02:18, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It seems to be common practice to use the full title in government departments.  The C of E God Save the King!  ( talk ) 08:35, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Per previous opposes. And even "HM" may have to be changed in the future if someone decides their possessive pronoun doesn't start with "H", as in "Xir Majesty". BilCat (talk) 09:11, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose per others. Estar8806 (talk) 03:54, 16 February 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:His Majesty's Coastguard


text:
Raabe Racing Enterprises

Raabe Racing Enterprises is an American auto racing team that drove in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series. It was run by businessman Ed Raabe and owned by a family trust. The family trust got into racing when it was originally part owner of the No. 13 Daytona Speed Inc. driven by Greg Sacks. After 2004, Sacks claimed that Raabe "took off" with several cars and the ARC DeHooker sponsorship to field the No. 73 team. Due to the split with Greg Sacks, the team then purchased cars from McClure Motor Sports leaving Greg Sacks in possession of the cars he failed to qualify with. Since the Raabe Family is actually the owner of ARC DEHOOKER, INC. they had every right to sponsor another team and do whatever was necessary to continue its marketing campaign. The team only ran one race, at Las Vegas Motor Speedway with Eric McClure driving, qualifying 41st and finishing 32nd due to engine failure. McClure resigned after that race. After McClure resigned, the team attempted the Pepsi 400 with Dan Pardus as the driver, but failed to qualify.

Raabe Racing Enterprises is still in business running its operation from Bunnell, Florida and continuing to build engines and hot rods for the public. Raabe Racing Enterprises recently co-sponsored the Daytona Dream Cruise and was host to the many who attended this event at their location on Mason Av in Daytona Beach. Due to circumstances beyond their control, they recently moved to Bunnell and continue to operate from their US 1 location.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Raabe Racing Enterprises


text:
Portal talk:Caribbean

Categories: Cities
why are the cities listed under their categories names, whose pages are mostly non-existant? Wouldn't it be better to list them under their article name so we wouldn't see the red link? Or is there are reason for the categories? Kewp 11:37, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would think that seeing a red link would be a good thing, even if it doesnt look good, because it shows that the articles need to be created. --Gpyoung talk 23:50, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Empty Subpage
Is the subpage Portal:Caribbean/? being used? It's empty at the moment. If not, could it be listed for deletion and removed from Shortpages. Thanks, SeventyThree(Talk) 20:50, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Categorisation of Sport in the Caribbean
I noticed that the Categories for Sport in the various Caribbean countries (e.g. Sport in Saint Lucia) were re-categorised under Sport in Central America so I created a new category: Sport in the Caribbean--Vivenot 13:57, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Proposed WikiProject
There is a new proposed WikiProject to deal with the Caribbean at WikiProject Council/Proposals. Interested parties should add their names there, so we can see if there is enough interest to start the project in earnest. Badbilltucker 17:31, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

New user category
I have created a new category for wikipedians who are interested in the Caribbean: Category:Wikipedians interested in the Caribbean--Vivenot 15:37, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Portal:Haiti
Portal:Haiti is up and running. Please take a look and add anything which might improve the page.-- Z leitzen (talk)  17:49, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Years in Caribbean
I have linked the years for each Caribbean country to a category for that year in the Caribbean to link the years together along the lines of that for Oceania; so far just the A & B countries. See for example Category:2008 in the Caribbean. For 2000 to 2008 or 2009; not the 19th century.

Andros Island, the Bahamas
Over the past month I have substantially re-written this article .... I think its classifications perhaps should be reviewed and brought current  particularly as to the quality of the article. But I'm new to this and could be completely wrong ....... :) John.bond954 (talk) 01:16, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

Barbados Defence Force and Military of Barbados
Are the two articles should be merged as they are the same topic since all the military forces of Barbados are part of the BDF ? Amqui (talk) 14:54, 11 March 2012 (UTC)

Status report from the Portals WikiProject
WikiProject Portals is back!

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title: Portal talk:Caribbean


text:
User talk:Caerwine

On what will probably be a permanent WikiBreak. Don't bother leaving any messages unless you want them ignored. Caerwine Caer’s whines 05:37, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Say it ain't so!
I miss you already. Please come back. Someday. :{ Her Pegship  (tis herself) 15:15, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Same here. A good wikifriend and colleague. Hope this is only temporary. Grutness...wha?  23:14, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

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Someone else nominated this, but didn't alert you.
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Maurice Read

John Maurice Read (9 February 1859 – 17 February 1929) was an English professional cricketer. Harry Altham wrote of him in A History of Cricket, "Maurice Read had been recognised as a dashing player up to Test match form, to say nothing of being a wonderful fielder in the country." A hard-hitting and, according to Lord Hawke, "magnificent batsman who never had pretensions to be even a moderate change bowler", Read did little bowling except in 1883, when he claimed 27 first-class wickets including his career best of 6/41 against Kent.

Born in 1859 in Thames Ditton, Surrey, Read joined the Thames Ditton Cricket Club in 1879, made his first-class debut for Surrey in 1880, and played regularly for his county for fifteen years. His most productive year was 1886, when he scored 1,364 runs at an average of 34.97, including two centuries and seven fifties. He was also extremely productive in the first half of 1889, and was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1890, but his season was affected later in the year by a bad finger injury.

Test debut and career
Read made his debut in the Oval (his home ground) Test match against Australia in 1882, the match famous for bringing about the Ashes. According to the Manchester Guardian, Read's selection "was admittedly something of an experiment. He has played two or three lucky innings lately, but these do not make a cricketer any more than two or three swallows make a summer." A week or so prior the Test, however, Read had shared in a 158-run partnership against the tourists with fellow professional and England player Billy Barnes. Read finished on 130 and, like most of his team-mates, went into the match in good form.

In England's first innings, the local boy was cheered all the way to the middle by an avid Oval crowd. Fred Spofforth, however, soon walloped the hero three excruciating blows – one in the ribs, another on the knee and one more on the elbow. Read was compelled to hold up the game on two of these occasions to take time to convalesce, and it was, by all reports, an exceptionally valiant knock. Read finished unbeaten on nineteen, the second-best score of the innings, and the masses cheered him all the way back to the pavilion. There are copious examples in this match which serve to support Altham's affirmation that Read was "a wonderful fielder in the country" (i.e. outfield). He is frequently recorded in contemporary accounts of the game as chasing the ball down as fast as he could, and he certainly managed to bring to a halt plenty of potential Australian boundaries.

In the second innings, Read was one of the many victims of England captain Monkey Hornby's spectacular alteration of the batting order, promoted in front of the apparently nerveless CT Studd. When he came into view from the pavilion, Read was again cheered stridently all the way to the wicket, but, when Spofforth bowled him for a duck, the Australians were the ones, wrote Charles Pardon in Bell's Life, who "exhibited to the full their increasing delight". This was the game which launched the legend of The Ashes after the Australians won by seven runs.

When he came back to Australia in 1886/87, Read was flabbergasted at the pickiness of the Australian public, and he wrote of it: "If you have a bit of bad luck and make nothing two or three times, you are not of much account in Australia, and out of the team you should go, even if you have scored excellently on occasions." In England, however, it was different. "There," he reckoned, "if you are a recognised player, half a dozen successive noughts will not exclude you from a team."

Read remained a regular selection for England until 1893, being awarded that year's Oval Test (against South Africa) as a benefit. Although his batting at this level was not spectacular – he passed fifty only twice in his 29 Test innings – his fielding at third man was excellent. He also appeared for the Players against the Gentlemen on 17 occasions.

Read and Lohmann
George Lohmann, for one, preferred watching Read (and even AE Stoddart) to Arthur Shrewsbury, the man whom WG Grace placed second only to himself. Indeed, Read and Lohmann were extremely good friends, and they even shared a few personal jokes. ("Look out!" Lohmann would say to Read; "I'm going to bowl at the sticks now!"—and Read would watch with amusement as his comrade sent down all manner of strange deliveries to tempt the batsman into hitting out.)

Read was sent along to South Africa with Lohmann in 1892 to be of assistance to the great bowler in his recuperation following a ghastly (but altogether foreseeable) physical collapse as a result of overbowling. The pair sailed from Southampton on Christmas Eve, and, in March 1893, when Lohmann was healthy enough to be left on his own, Read made his homecoming for the start of the new season. (Lohmann later broke down again, however, eventually dying in South Africa.)

Incidentally, another colleague of Read's who suffered the effects of being overbowled was Tom Richardson, a Surrey and Thames Ditton team-mate. Read was one of the first to forecast what would eventually happen to this great fast bowler, conjecturing ominously about the strenuous effects that the 1897/98 tour might have on Richardson's body. He was, of course, proven correct.

Career's end
After scoring 131 to help Surrey defeat Hampshire by an innings in 1895, Read retired from first-class cricket at the age of 36 – relatively young by 19th century standards – to work on the Tichborne Park estate in Hampshire, although he continued to bat with great success in minor cricket for the Tichborne side for some years thereafter, scoring hundreds in successive weekends in 1921 (v Martyn Worthey and Kilmeston) He died at the age of 70 in Winchester after a long illness. George Giffen called him "one of the most genuine cricketers I met".

Read's uncle (by marriage) Heathfield Stephenson had a long career with Surrey, and his brother Frederick Read also played one first-class game for the county. Read died at Winchester in 1929.

title: Maurice Read


text:
Kite shield

A kite shield is a large, almond-shaped shield rounded at the top and curving down to a point or rounded point at the bottom. The term "kite shield" is a reference to the shield's unique shape, and is derived from its supposed similarity to a flying kite, although "leaf-shaped shield" and "almond shield" have also been used in recent literature. Since the most prominent examples of this shield have appeared on the Bayeux Tapestry, the kite shield has become closely associated with Norman warfare.

History
The shield was developed for mounted cavalry, and its dimensions correlate to the approximate space between a horse's neck and its rider's thigh. A narrow bottom protected the rider's left leg, and the pronounced upper curve, the rider's shoulder and torso. This was a vast improvement over more common circular shields, such as bucklers, which afforded poor protection to the horseman's left flank, especially when charging with a lance. Kite shields gained popularity, spreading throughout Western Europe during the 1000s. In the Bayeux Tapestry, most of the English are depicted on foot with kite shields, while a minority still use round shields. Aside from Normandy, they also appeared early on in parts of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. It is unclear from which of these three regions the design originated. A theory is that the kite shield was inherited by the Normans from their Viking predecessors. However, no documentation or remains of kite shields from the Viking era have been discovered, and they were not ideally suited to the Vikings' highly mobile light infantry. Kite shields were depicted primarily on eleventh century illustrations, largely in Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire, but also in the Caucasus, the Fatimid Caliphate, and among the Kievan Rus'. For example, an eleventh century silver engraving of Saint George recovered from Bochorma, Georgia, depicts a kite shield, as do other isolated pieces of Georgian art dating to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Kite shields also appear on the Bab al-Nasr in Cairo, which was constructed around 1087. Arab historians usually described them as tariqa or januwiyya.

Kite shields were introduced in large numbers to the Middle East by the First Crusade, when Arab and Byzantine soldiers first observed the type being carried by Norman crusaders; these left such a favourable impression on Byzantium that they had entirely superseded round shields in the Komnenian army by the mid twelfth century.

Around the mid to late twelfth century, traditional kite shields were largely replaced by a variant in which the top was flat, rather than rounded. This change made it easier for a soldier to hold the shield upright without limiting his field of vision. Flat-topped kite shields were later phased out by most Western European armies in favour of much smaller, more compact heater shields. However, they were still being carried by Byzantine infantry well into the thirteenth century.

Construction
To compensate for their awkward nature, kite shields were equipped with enarmes, which gripped the shield tightly to the arm and facilitated keeping it in place even when a knight relaxed his arm; this was a significant departure from most earlier circular shields, which possessed only a single handle. Some examples were apparently also fitted with an additional guige strap that allowed the shield to be slung over one shoulder when not in use. Byzantine soldiers frequently carried kite shields on their backs, sometimes upside down. At the time of the First Crusade, most kite shields were still fitted with a domed metal centrepiece (shield boss), although the use of enarmes would have rendered them unnecessary. It is possible that shields may have been fitted with both enarmes and an auxiliary hand grip.

A typical kite shield was at least three feet high, being constructed of laminated wood, stretched animal hide, and iron components. Records from Byzantium in the 1200s suggest that the shield frame accounted for most of the wood and iron; its body was constructed out of hide, parchment, or hardened leather, similar to the material used on drum faces.

title: Kite shield


text:
Drūkšiai

Drūkšiai, also called Drysviaty or Drysvyaty, or Drisvyaty (Дрысвяты, ; Дрисвяты) is the largest of the Braslau lakes located partly in the northeastern part of Lithuania and partly in the Vitebsk Voblast, in Belarus. The lake water was used to cool the reactors of Lithuania's now decommissioned Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant.

The greatest depth of the lake is 33.3 m, and the average depth is 7.6 m. The basin of the lake was formed during the movement of the glaciers by two perpendicular channels, which expanded north to south and west to east. The maximum depth of the first channel is 29 m, and of the second is 33.3 m. The greatest depths are located near the middle of the lake. The shallowest part is on the south ridge of the lake, its depth is approximately between 3 and 7 meters.

Six small rivers flow into the lake, and one dammed river flows out.

title: Drūkšiai


text: User talk:85.165.21.45

title: User talk:85.165.21.45


text:
Adnexa

In anatomy, adnexa (plural) refers to the appendages of an organ. The term adnexa is from the Latin word adnexa (appendages).

More specifically, it can refer to:

 * Adnexa of eye (accessory visual structures)
 * Adnexa of skin (skin appendages)
 * Adnexa of uterus (uterine appendages)

title: Adnexa


text:
Hale White

William Hale White (22 December 1831 – 14 March 1913), known by his pseudonym Mark Rutherford, was a British writer and civil servant. His obituary in The Times stated that the "employment of a pseudonym, and sometimes of two (for some of 'Mark Rutherford's' work was 'edited by his friend, Reuben Shapcott'), was sufficient to prove a retiring disposition, and Mr. Hale White was little before the world in person."

Life, career and memorials
White was born in Bedford. His father, William White, a member of the Nonconformist community of the Bunyan Meeting, became well known as a doorkeeper at the House of Commons and wrote sketches of parliamentary life for the Illustrated Times. A selection of his parliamentary sketches was published posthumously, in 1897, by Justin McCarthy, the Irish nationalist MP, as The Inner Life of the House of Commons.

White himself was educated in Bedford at Bedford Modern School, then known as the English School, until the family moved to London. In 1848 he entered the Countess of Huntingdon's College, Cheshunt to train for the Congregational Ministry. He developed increasingly unconventional views and in 1850 wrote to Thomas Carlyle who responded with a full reply encouraging him to stand by his convictions. White later entered New College, London, but the further development of his views prevented him taking up that career and he was expelled for questioning aspects of scripture. Hale White became known as a dissenter.

In 1852 he was employed by John Chapman to work as a personal assistant and subscription tout at The Westminster Review. White was an early proponent of women's rights. Having worked alongside her for The Westminster Review, White was a friend of George Eliot and they both lodged at 142 Strand, London which was owned by John Chapman. White wrote an article about his friendship with George Eliot for The Bookman in August 1902 entitled George Eliot as I knew her.

In 1854, White joined the civil service, first as a clerk at the Registrar General's Office at Somerset House and later as a clerk at the Admiralty. In 1861 he began writing newspaper articles to increase his income, having met and married Harriet Arthur in 1856 at the Congregational Church in Kentish Town, and started a family.

As a journalist he wrote for The Aberdeen Herald, The Birmingham Post, The Morning Star, The Nonconformist, The Rochdale News and The Scotsman. Over fourteen years he wrote parliamentary sketches for The Birmingham Post. He also contributed articles on literary figures in The Contemporary Review, Macmillan's Magazine, The Spectator, The Athenaeum, The Bookman and, the nonconformist, The British Weekly, including essays on Byron, Goethe, Shelley and Dorothy Wordsworth.

White had already served his apprenticeship to journalism before he made his name, or rather his pen name, "Mark Rutherford", famous with three novels, supposedly edited by one Reuben Shapcott: The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford (1881), Mark Rutherford's Deliverance (1885) and The Revolution in Tanner's Lane (1887). George Orwell described Deliverance as "one of the best novels in English."

Under his own name White translated Spinoza's Ethics (1883). His later books include Miriam's Schooling, and Other Papers (1890), Catherine Furze (2 vols, 1893), Clara Hopgood (1896), Pages from a Journal, with Other Papers (1900), and John Bunyan (1905).

Hale White died in Groombridge on 14 March 1913 at the age of 81. One of his obituaries stated that:

"Mr White's novels have a poignant quality of sadness, in which, however, there is both nobility and beauty. He seems to be recording the revelation of a soul's experience, and in the simplicity and directness of his narrative, he is somewhat akin, to the great Russian novelists"

André Gide, in a letter dated 4 October 1915, thanked Arnold Bennett for recommending White's works. Gide so admired The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford and Mark Rutherford's Deliverance that he considered writing French translations. He stated that they had lifted him out of the 'slough of despond', a reference coined by Bunyan about whom White had written.

D. H. Lawrence wrote about White's work:

"And I have always a greater respect for Mark Rutherford: I do think he is jolly good - so thorough, so sound, and so beautiful."

Claire Tomalin, the biographer of Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy, wrote that White's novels:

"draw directly on a private store of memories and emotions, and you sense quite strongly that he took up a mask in order to be nakedly confessional in a way he could not otherwise have managed."

Mark Rutherford School in Bedford is named after him and he has a blue commemorative plaque at 19 Park Hill in Carshalton. There is also a plaque above his birthplace in Bedford that was unveiled by his son, Sir William Hale-White. When he retired from the Admiralty in 1892, he lived in Hastings for a number of years where a memorial plaque commemorates him.

Family
White's first wife, Harriet, died in 1891 of multiple sclerosis. Two of their children had died in infancy. In 1907, the widower White met aspiring novelist Dorothy Vernon Horace Smith, the daughter of Horace Smith who was a magistrate and minor poet. They fell in love and were married three and a half years later, but enjoyed only two years of married life before his death. At the time of her marriage to White, Dorothy was forty-five years his junior.

His eldest son by his first wife, Sir William Hale-White, was a distinguished doctor. His second son, Jack, married Agnes Hughes, one of Arthur Hughes's daughters. Arthur Hughes had himself produced a crayon drawing of Hale White in 1887. A third son became an engineer, and White's daughter Molly remained at home to care for her father.

Selected publications

 * The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford: Dissenting Minister, Trubner and Co., London, 1881
 * Spinoza's Ethics, translated from the Latin, Trubner and Co., London, 1883
 * Mark Rutherford's Deliverance, Trubner and Co., London, 1885
 * The Revolution in Tanner's Lane, Trubner and Co., London, 1887
 * Miriam's Schooling Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., London, 1890
 * Catharine Furze, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1893
 * Clara Hopgood, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1896
 * An Examination of the Charge of Apostasy against Wordsworth, Longman, 1898
 * Pages from a Journal, with Other Papers, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1900
 * John Bunyan, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1905
 * More Pages From a Journal, Oxford University Press, 1910
 * The Early Life of Mark Rutherford (W. Hale White), Oxford University Press, 1913
 * The Last Pages from a Journal, Oxford University Press, 1915. Published posthumously and prefaced by his widow, Dorothy

Selected work as editor or note contributor

 * A Description of the Wordsworth and Coleridge Manuscripts in the Possession of Mr. T. Norton Longman, Longman, 1897. Notes by W. Hale White
 * Johnson, Samuel. Selections from Dr. Samuel Johnson's Rambler, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1907. Edited with Preface and Notes by W. Hale White
 * Carlyle, Thomas. The Life of John Sterling, Oxford University Press, 1907. With an introduction by W. Hale White

title: Hale White


text:
Mark Rutherford

Mark Rutherford may refer to:
 * Mark Rutherford (composer),musician, composer and producer
 * Hale White (1831–1913), writer who used the pen name Mark Rutherford
 * Mark Rutherford (politician), Libertarian politician
 * Mark Rutherford (footballer) (born 1972), English footballer
 * Mark Rutherford School, Bedford, England

title: Mark Rutherford


text:
Giancarlo Neri

Giancarlo Neri is a sculptor born in Naples in 1955. Perhaps his best-known work is The Writer, a 9-metre-high table and chair made from steel plated with wood, a piece about writer's block. It has been exhibited in Rome and on Hampstead Heath in London in 2005.

At one time he played professional soccer for the New York Apollo of the American Soccer League.

title: Giancarlo Neri


text:
1959–60 in Scottish football

The 1959–60 season was the 87th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 63rd season of the Scottish Football League.

Scottish League Division One
Champions: Hearts

Relegated: Stirling Albion, Arbroath

Scottish League Division Two
Promoted: St Johnstone, Dundee United

County
$$ – aggregate over two legs † – replay (won on corners) – trophy shared

Scotland national team
1960 British Home Championship – Joint winners with 🏴 england and 🏴 wales

Key:
 * (H) = Home match
 * (A) = Away match
 * BHC = British Home Championship

title: 1959–60 in Scottish football


text:
Green ban

A green ban is a form of strike action, usually taken by a trade union or other organised labour group, which is conducted for environmentalist or conservationist purposes. They were mainly done in Australia in the 1970s, led by the Builders Labourers Federation (BLF) and used to protect parkland, low-income housing and buildings with historical significance. At times, industrial action was used in relation to other issues, such as when a 'pink ban' was placed on Macquarie University due to the expulsion of Jeremy Fisher, a gay man, from student housing.

History
Green bans were first conducted in Australia in the 1970s by the New South Wales Builders Labourers Federation (BLF). Green bans were never instigated unilaterally by the BLF, all green bans were at the request of, and in support of, residents' groups. The first green ban was put in place to protect Kelly's Bush, the last remaining undeveloped bushland in the Sydney suburb of Hunters Hill. A group of local women who had already appealed to the local council, mayor, and the Premier of New South Wales, approached the BLF for help. The BLF asked the women to call a public meeting, which was attended by 600 residents, and formally asked the BLF to prevent construction on the site. The developer, A V Jennings, announced that they would use non-union labour as strikebreakers. In response, BLF members on other A V Jennings construction projects stopped work. A V Jennings eventually abandoned all plans to develop Kelly's Bush. Jack Mundey summarised the philosophy of the Green Bans as such:"Yes, we want to build. However, we prefer to build urgently-required hospitals, schools, other public utilities, high-quality flats, units and houses, provided they are designed with adequate concern for the environment, than to build ugly unimaginative architecturally-bankrupt blocks of concrete and glass offices... Though we want all our members employed, we will not just become robots directed by developer-builders who value the dollar at the expense of the environment. More and more, we are going to determine which buildings we will build... The environmental interests of three million people are at stake and cannot be left to developers and building employers whose main concern is making profit. Progressive unions, like ours, therefore have a very useful social role to play in the citizens' interest, and we intend to play it."The BLF was involved in many more green bans. Not only did the BLF represent all unionised builders' labourers in the construction industry; but the BLF also influenced the opinion of other unionised construction workers, and acted as a political leadership of the construction unions in the era. Fifty-four bans were imposed in NSW between 1971 and 1974. Green bans helped to protect historic nineteenth century buildings in The Rocks from being demolished to make way for office towers, and prevented the Royal Botanic Gardens from being turned into a carpark for the Sydney Opera House. The BLF stopped conducting green bans in 1974 after the federal leadership under Norm Gallagher dismissed the leaders of the New South Wales branch.

Although green bans have been implemented on a number of occasions since the 1970s, they have not been so prevalent, nor so comprehensive in their effect. One estimate of the effect of the BLF's green bans puts the amount of development prevented at A$3 billion between 1971 and 1974 (approximately A$25 billion ).

Victoria Street
One of the last bans to be removed was to prevent development of Victoria Street in the suburb of Potts Point. This ban involved hundreds of residents, trade union members, and other activists and was successful for a number of years, despite facing a well-connected developer who employed thugs to harass residents. Arthur King, the head of the residents' action group, was kidnapped in 1973. It was suspected, though never proved, that the men who kidnapped him had been hired by the property developer, Frank Theeman. The New South Wales Police collaborated with Theeman and his employees during the ban and eventually carried out a forced mass eviction of squatters and residents, which saw squatters barricade themselves in a siege for two days. In 1973 mysterious arson attacks happened across Victoria Street, which killed 23 year old Esther George. The green ban was broken in 1974 when the conservative federal leadership of the BLF, under pressure from New South Wales politicians, dismissed the leaders of the New South Wales branch, and replaced them with more conservative people who did not support the ban. Activists, led by activist, resident, and journalist Juanita Nielsen, then convinced another union, the Water Board Employees Union, to impose a ban which was continued for some time. Nielsen was then kidnapped and murdered in 1975. The struggle ended with a stand-off in 1977. The developer had been forced to alter his plans, but the residents had been forced out.

Outcomes and impacts
In February 1973, Jack Mundey coined the term "green ban" to distinguish them from the traditional union "black bans". Mundey argued that the term "green ban" was more appropriate as they were in defence of the environment. Green bans saved many vital urban spaces and over 100 buildings were considered by the National Trust to be worthy of preservation.

Another example of a green ban in Sydney was the proposed North-Western Expressway that was planned by the Department of Main Roads in the early 1970s. The expressway would have cut through the working class residential areas of Ultimo, Glebe, Annandale, Rozelle and Leichhardt. In July 1972, the Save Lyndhurst Committee requested a green ban from the Builders Labourers' Federation to prevent the destruction of historic Lyndhurst (built 1833-1835) in Darghan Street, Glebe. Many battles with police took place, including a confrontation between police and squatters on 18 August 1972. The Federal Labor Whitlam government purchased the Glebe estate in 1973 from the Anglican Diocese of Glebe to preserve the area. In 1978, the Wran-Labor Government decided to abandon much of the inner-urban expressway link and the 19th century character of Glebe remains intact.

Local legacies: New South Wales
Green bans influenced local NSW planning structures as well as national planning systems. "The Green ban movement in Sydney and Melbourne of the early 1970s, led by the Builder Labourers Federation, was the most profound external indication of the need for planning reform." In 1977 an editorial from the Australian quoted "bans were an inevitable result of official attitudes which regarded people as irrelevant factors to development". He also indicated that the decision making process then was devoid of appropriate involvement by relevant communities and individuals.

During the movement infamous redevelopment projects were discarded or scale down, and the planning reform finally began. The previously confined approach to land use planning, due to a "paradigm meltdown", started to incorporate concerns from community. On one hand, new historical buildings legislations were founded in the 1970s across several states, and on the other the ground legislation of the current planning system

National reforms: Australia
The green bans in the 1970s initiated a democratic National and State planning systems in which heritage as well as environmentally significant sites became a part of a development proposal. 'In 1997 the Director of the Urban Research Unit of the Australian National University, stated that the green bans of the New South Wales Builders Labourers' Federation (NSW BLF) had a "subtle influence" in transforming the culture of urban planning in ways that now evince greater sensitivity to environmental concerns, better appreciation of heritage, the need to publicise proposed developments well in advance and to seek approval from the people affected'. Similar union bans were started in other cities in Australia including Brisbane, Adelaide, Melbourne, Canberra and Hobart however to a lesser level than Sydney. The green ban movement became a powerful tool of influencing city developments by involving the wider community to sign petitions in order to prevent destruction of a heritage or environmentally significant sites. Ultimately, the green bans led to the Wran government introducing two acts, firstly the Heritage legislation- The Heritage Act 1977, and secondly the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act (EP&A) 1979.

International influences
Although green bans were conducted for only three to four years in Australia, they influenced international politics significantly because this movement is considered to have contributed to the integration of the word "green" into the world's political idioms.

The German politician Petra Kelly came to Australia around the middle of the 1970s and witnessed green bans opposing undesirable development in Sydney by the cooperation between the BLF and local citizens. She was very impressed with this movement, the connection accomplished between environmentalists and the BLF, and the success they made in many campaigns. It is also known that she often stated that green bans had a great impact on both herself and her philosophy. Subsequently, she brought back the idea of green bans as well as the terminology "green" to Germany, and established the German Green Party in 1979. This is regarded as the point at which the word "green" was first applied to politics in Europe. Petra Kelly acknowledged that Australian green bans broadened the possibilities of the environmental movement as well as gave it a new dimension, and they made it possible to involve a much broader range of the population in environmental groups and ecological actions. Therefore, green bans in Australia were significant events not only locally and nationally but also internationally.

Adelaide

 * Highbury Park
 * Norwood Velodrome
 * Unley Road Shops

Brisbane

 * Bellevue Hotel
 * Queensland Club
 * The Mansions

Canberra

 * Black Mountain Tower
 * Googong Dam
 * Reid House

Melbourne

 * 61 Spring Street/7 Collins Street
 * Arthurs Seat
 * ANZ Banking Museum
 * Blanche Terrace
 * Beaurepaire Pool
 * Carlton
 * CBA Bank Building/333 Collins Street
 * City Baths
 * Emerald Hill

 * Flinders Street station
 * Gordon House
 * Hardy-Gallagher Reserve
 * Hotel Windsor
 * Mac's Hotel
 * Mordialloc Coles
 * Newport Power Station
 * Old Treasury Building

 * Parkville
 * Princess Theatre
 * Queen Victoria Market
 * Regent Theatre
 * Royal Botanical Gardens
 * Royal Parade
 * St Patrick's Cathedral
 * Tasma Terrace

Newcastle

 * East End
 * Newcastle Motorway

Perth

 * Fremantle
 * Palace Hotel
 * Victoria Hall

Sydney

 * ANZ Branch, Martin Place
 * Balmain
 * Botany
 * Burwood
 * Centennial Park
 * Centennial Parklands
 * Colonial Mutual Building
 * CML Building – Martin Place
 * Darlinghurst
 * Diethnes Greek Restaurant
 * Eastern Freeway
 * Eastern Hill
 * Eastlakes
 * Glebe
 * Kellys Bush
 * Kings Cross

 * Lyndhurst
 * Macquarie University
 * Mascot
 * Merrylands
 * Mount Druitt
 * National Mutual Building - Martin Place
 * Newcastle Hotel
 * New Doctors Dwellings
 * North Newtown Education Complex
 * North Western Expressway
 * Pitt Street Uniting Church
 * Pyrmont
 * Redfern Aboriginal Centre
 * Regent Theatre
 * Rileys Island

 * Royal Australasian College of Physicians
 * Royal Botanic Gardens
 * Ryde
 * Soldiers Garden Village
 * South Sydney
 * St George Area
 * St John’s Park
 * Sydney University
 * Theatre Royal
 * The Rocks
 * Ultimo
 * Victoria Street
 * Waimea House
 * Waterloo
 * Woolloomooloo

Wollongong

 * Port Kembla
 * East Woonona
 * Keiraville

Other cities

 * Battery Point, Hobart
 * Dr. Busby’s Cottage, Bathurst
 * Port Macquarie
 * Yallourn

title: Green ban


text:
User talk:Legomancer

Thinned 06/08/2007
Removed older comments as I've moved on to other things. Feel free to post new comments.

Thanks, --Legomancer 04:46, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Thinned 07/18/2010
Removed even more, even older comments. I again encourage everyone to post comments where they feel it is appropriate. I'll respond when time permits (visualize a glacier).

Thanks, Legomancer (talk) 23:58, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Linda-SM2.jpg
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title: User talk:Legomancer


text: User talk:69.143.110.5

title: User talk:69.143.110.5


text:
Talking Movies

Talking Movies is a top-rated film news programme broadcast on the BBC, which covers cinema around the world, including delivering reviews of the latest films and exclusive interviews with top Hollywood and international talent. The half-hour flagship programme, with a format conceived by BBC TV Executive Producer, Martin Everard, jointly with presenter journalist Tom Brook premiered in 1999 with the demise of the BBC's Barry Norman film programme, and is broadcast on BBC World News, while shorter Talking Movies reports are broadcast during the week and carried in the mornings on BBC America. At one time, the programme was carried on BBC 1, BBC 2, BBC News 24 as well as to the 200 million homes on BBC World. An edited version was/is also shown on a number of international airlines' inflight channels.

As of 2012, the programme has run for over 400 editions and features annual episodes covering the Sundance, Cannes and Toronto film festivals. Recently, the programme has traveled to India and Brazil, reporting on the latest developments in cinema in both countries. The programme has a strong following in Asia, North America, and Europe, as well as other parts of the world.

Format
Talking Movies is transmitted in a 30-minute format in a regular spot on BBC World News, and can be seen in shorter sections during news broadcasts throughout the week on BBC America. Since its inception, the show has featured Brook covering the latest film releases from Hollywood, around the world, and from the independent sector. With a strong emphasis on their exclusive interviews, most of the world's top film celebrities have now appeared on the show. In addition to these one-on-ones, each edition of the programme usually features a story on a new trend, or issue, within the world of cinema. Special editions of the programme are seen on the BBC's News Channel. The show also appeared for two seasons on BBC Two.

Presenters
The programme's main presenter and writer is Tom Brook, who is often seen on location in Times Square. He is supported by reporters Manoush Zomorodi and Al Moloney.

title: Talking Movies


text:
Category:Archaeology by year

Events in the field of archaeology by year.

title: Category:Archaeology by year


text:
Spirit of California

The Spirit of California was a passenger train operated by Amtrak between Los Angeles and Sacramento, California. It operated from 1981 to 1983 with financial support from the State of California. It was the first overnight service between the two cities since the Southern Pacific Railroad discontinued the Lark in 1968 and one of few state-supported Amtrak trains with sleeper service. The train used the Southern Pacific's Coast Line, complementing the Coast Starlight which served the route on a daytime schedule.

History
The last overnight service on the Southern Pacific's Coast Line was the Lark, which ended on April 8, 1968. During the 1970s Amtrak operated the Coast Starlight, which departed Los Angeles every morning for Seattle, Washington. The southbound Coast Starlight arrived in the San Francisco Bay Area in the morning and in Los Angeles by dinnertime, and at the time did not serve Sacramento, the state capital.

The new train departed Los Angeles at 8:25pm, arriving in Sacramento at 9:30am the next morning. The southbound train departed at 7:55pm and arrived at 9:00am the next day. The California Department of Transportation, Caltrans, budgeted $1.7 million towards the train's first year of operation and expected 160,000 passengers the first year, rising to 300,000 in five years. The train carried coaches, a cafe, and two sleeping cars. Service began on October 25, 1981. Caltrans held a naming contest, with the winner "Spirit of California" announced on December 24.

Governor George Deukmejian cut funding for the train after taking office in January 1983. The train's supporters scrambled to find additional funding. A proposal to get funding from the state of Nevada in return for extending the train to Reno did not pass the Nevada legislature. The Spirit of California was discontinued in 1983, running for the final time on the night of September 30 – October 1, 1983.

Equipment
The Spirit of California's usual consist was:

 * EMD F40PH diesel locomotive
 * Heritage baggage car
 * Heritage sleeper
 * Heritage sleeper
 * Amfleet I café
 * Amfleet I coach (60-seat)
 * Amfleet I coach (60-seat)

title: Spirit of California


text:
Andrew Cassese

Andrew Cassese (born 1972 (age 15)) is an American stage and film actor and musician. Born in New York, Cassese is perhaps best known for starring in the 1984 comedy film Revenge of the Nerds as child prodigy Harold Wormser. In 2007, he starred as Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in the Philadelphia Theatre Company premiere of Nerds://A Musical Software Satire.

Life and career
Cassese is an Italian American native of Brooklyn, New York. He attended Patchogue-Medford High School on Long Island, graduating in 1990. Cassese graduated from the NYU Film School in 1995 with three years of production experience with Fox News Channel in New York.

An actor by trade, his credits also include starring roles on Broadway in the productions of Smile and Nine, Tommy Tune's award-winning musical starring Raul Julia. Cassese was also one of the stars of the CBS series, TV 101. Cassese is an accomplished guitarist and singer, and is a member of SAG, AFTRA, and Actor's Equity. In 2017, Cassese joined Robert Carradine, Don Gibb, Curtis Armstrong, Larry B. Scott, Brian Tochi and Julia Montgomery for interviews at the Rhode Island Comic Con. The following year in 2018, Cassese joined Robert Carradine and Don Gibb for interviews at the Niagara Falls Comic Con.

Filmography

 * Revenge of the Nerds (1984)
 * Chips Ahoy! (1986) TV commercial
 * Hi-C (1985) TV commercial
 * The Kingdom Chums: Little David's Adventure (1986) (TV)
 * Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise (1987)
 * TV 101 (1988) TV Series

Stage

 * Smile
 * Nine
 * Eight is NEVER Enough! (2002)
 * I Love My Wife (2004)
 * Nerds://A Musical Software Satire (2007)

title: Andrew Cassese


text:
File:AoS live.jpg

Motorhead's 1988 Ace of Spades (live) vinyl single. Alf 11:47, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: File:AoS live.jpg


text:
Talk:Saraswati

Lead sentence
Saraswati/ Sarasvati is a primarily a Hindu deity.

Various general encyclopedias call her a Hindu deity: Redtigerxyz Talk 16:32, 5 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Britannica "Sarasvati, Hindu goddess of learning and the arts, especially music."
 * The Encyclopedia of WORLD RELIGIONS - Ellwood, Alles p. 407 "Saraswati The Hindu GODDESS of learning and the arts."
 * "Sarasvati ." World Encyclopedia "Sarasvati In Hindu mythology, goddess of the arts, sciences, and eloquent speech."
 * Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses By Michael Jordan pp. 275-6 "SARASVATI (flowing water) ORIGIN Hindu (Vedic, Epic, and Puranic) [India]. Mother goddess and goddess of wisdom. Later, patron of the arts."
 * Kinsley, David (which is the current references) is a book of Hindu goddessses "Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions"

Semi-protected edit request on 1 February 2024
grammatical correction: in the sentence "Later she is describes as the celestial creative symphony who appeared when Brahma created the universe." change "is describes as" to "is described as". WikiLurking (talk) 14:52, 1 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 17:01, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saraswati


text:
Talk:MetroGel

This page is a redirect to Metronidazole as a result of this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:MetroGel


text:
Gentlemen v Players

Gentlemen v Players was a long-running series of cricket matches that began in July 1806 and was abolished in January 1963. It was a match between a team consisting of amateurs (the Gentlemen) and a team consisting of professionals (the Players) that reflected the English class structure of the 19th century. Typically, the professionals were working class people who earned their living by playing cricket, while the amateurs were middle- and upper-class products of the public school system, who were supposedly unpaid for playing. The professionals were paid wages by their county clubs and/or fees by match organisers, while the amateurs claimed expenses. However, while rules to distinguish amateurs from professionals were established by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), the system of allowable expenses was both controversial and complex, enabling some leading amateurs to be paid more than any professional for playing cricket.

In the introduction to his 1950 history of the Gentlemen v Players fixture, Pelham Warner calls it "the most time-honoured of all representative matches" and the "standard" match in English domestic cricket. Warner, who held a nostalgic view of the match, played for the Gentlemen 24 times between 1897 and 1919. Fred Trueman, who represented the Players eleven times from 1955 to 1962, and was their last-ever captain, took a completely different view; even though he was no socialist, Trueman was "all for the abolition of amateurs" and their "afforded privileges". Trueman ultimately had his way, because the fixture was discontinued on 31 January 1963 after the MCC abolished amateur status, with all first-class cricketers becoming nominally professional (in effect, as Players): with this, the official distinction between the teams, and the raison d'etre for the fixture, ceased to exist. No direct substitute was implemented; instead, England's first domestic one-day cricket competition began that summer.

Two matches were played in 1806, but the fixture was not arranged again until 1819. It then became an annual event, usually played at least twice each season, except in 1826, 1828, 1915–1918 and 1940–1945. It was born in the underarm era and was prominent throughout roundarm. Although amateur teams were generally weak and some form of handicapping was often necessary, it was always regarded as a top-class fixture. In 1864, after overarm was legalised, it became a first-class fixture, especially so following the emergence of W. G. Grace, and it thrived as the epitome of cricket's "Golden Age" until 1914. In the inter-war period, the differences in social class began to be challenged and became less pronounced. The differences in playing class became extremely pronounced as county cricket was dominated by the professionals of the four northern clubs. After the Second World War, social change swept the country and the concepts of amateurism and selection of teams based on social class were seen as increasingly anachronistic. MCC tried to avoid the inevitable for as long as it could, but the end came and the last Gentlemen v Players match was played at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough on 8–11 September 1962.

The fixture was a three-day match on all but a handful of occasions throughout its history. The most frequently used venue was Lord's, but there were several others, notably The Oval and Scarborough. The same format of amateurs playing professionals was used in other fixtures, some of which were given first-class status – for example, Gentlemen of the North v Players of the North in 1877 and 1880 – but these matches became less common towards the end of the 19th century and the last such game was Gentlemen of the South v Players of the South in 1920. Afterwards, Gentlemen v Players itself was the only first-class fixture in which amateurs opposed professionals.

Background
In the introduction to his history of the fixture, Pelham Warner calls it "the most time-honoured of all representative matches" and the "standard" match in English domestic cricket. Warner played for the Gentlemen 24 times between 1897 and 1919.

The fixture often confirmed the commonly held view of an imbalance between amateur and professional: amateurs tended to be batsmen first and foremost, hence there were few good amateur bowlers, while the Players could nearly always field a strong bowling side. The match was played over three days on all but a handful of occasions throughout its history. The most frequent venue for the match was Lord's, but a number of other grounds were used, notably The Oval and Scarborough: it was at Scarborough that the last Gentlemen v Players game was played in September 1962.

The same format of amateurs playing professionals was used in a number of other fixtures, some of which were given first-class status (for example, "Gentlemen of Nottinghamshire v Players of Nottinghamshire"), but these matches became less common after the beginning of the 20th century, with the last such game being "Gentlemen of the South v Players of the South" in 1920. Afterwards, all first-class Gentlemen v Players matches were between teams known simply by those names.

First matches
The inaugural fixture was advertised in The Morning Post on Monday, 7 July 1806, as a "Grand Match" to be played at Lord's "THIS DAY" between "Nine Gentlemen with Wells and Lambert, against Eleven of England, for 1000 Guineas a side". The expected teams were listed as "PLAYERS" under the titles of "Gentlemen" and "England". The Gentlemen team was pre-announced as Beauclerk, Richard Beckett, Edward Bligh, George Leycester, John Pontifex, T. A. Smith, Arthur Upton, Charles Warren and someone called "Hambleton" with the two professionals John Wells and William Lambert. "Hambleton" should have been spelled "Hambledon" because the player concerned was none other than John Nyren, son of Richard Nyren! That piece of confusion aside, there were two changes to the team – John Wells did not take part in the match and was replaced as a given man by Billy Beldham from the professional team. Richard Beckett, the British Army officer from Leeds who was killed at Talavera in 1809, was unavailable. He was replaced by John Willes. The all-professional England team was pre-announced as Beldham, John Bennett, Andrew Freemantle, John Hammond, J. Hampton, Tom Howard, John Pointer, Robert Robinson, Jack Small, John Sparks and Tom Walker. There were three changes as Beldham, Pointer and Sparks were replaced by William Ayling, Henry Bentley and William Fennex.

Arthur Upton, who was not a wicket-keeper, held five catches in the second innings; the current world record is seven. Upton caught six in the whole match. The professionals were weakened by the loss of Beldham, Lambert, Sparks and Wells. The scorecard suggests a good third wicket partnership between Lambert and T. A. Smith for the Gentlemen but there are no details except their individual scores.

The Morning Post carried an advertisement for the second match on Friday, 18 July 1806. This announced a "Grand Match" to be played at Lord's the following Monday and Tuesday "between Ten Gentlemen and Lambert against Eleven of all England, for 1000 Guineas a side". As for the first match, the expected teams were listed as "PLAYERS" under the titles of "Gentlemen" and "England". Again, neither team played as advertised. Scheduled for 21–22 July, the match began on the Monday but the second day's play was delayed until Friday, 25 July. The Gentlemen retained Lambert from the first match, while Beldham played for England. The young E. H. Budd took Beldham's place and Thomas Burgoyne was brought in to replace Warren, who was unavailable. The England team was strengthened by the return of Beldham, Sparks and Wells who replaced Bentley, Fennex and Hampton.

A curiosity of these matches is that they featured the veteran professional Tom Walker and the rookie amateur John Willes: these two players were both credited with devising the roundarm style of bowling, but there is no evidence to suggest they used roundarm in 1806.

Described by H. S. Altham as the "most famous of all domestic matches", the fixture disappeared until 1819. Altham says he does not know why, but the Napoleonic War was one factor as cricket went into decline until after Waterloo in 1815.

Revival
The fixture was revived in 1819 with a match played 7–9 July. The amateurs agreed to play the professionals on equal terms, but lost by six wickets. The professionals were called the Players this time, not England as in 1806, and the name stuck. In the Morning Post on 6 July, the match was announced as "Eleven Gentlemen of England against Lord Strathavon with Ten Players of England". The expected teams were then listed under the titles of "England" and "Players". Strathavon was the sponsor of the Players and captained the team. Arthur Haygarth dismisses him as a liability but in fact he scored 15 runs in the match and only two of his team-mates, Thomas Beagley and James Sherman, scored appreciably more. There was just one run between the teams on first innings, but the Gentlemen collapsed in the second against the bowling of Tom Howard and John Sherman to be bowled out for 60. This match was held at the "new" Lord's ground, the present one, which had opened in 1814. The fourth match was played at Lord's in June 1820, and the Gentlemen, now with star bowler Howard as a given man, won by 70 runs.

The fifth match earned notoriety: it was scheduled to be played at Lord's from 23 to 25 July 1821 but ended on the second day after the Gentlemen conceded defeat. Batting first, they were quickly dismissed for 60 and then had to spend a long time in the field through most of the first and second days while the Players steadily built a big lead. At 270 for six, the Gentlemen gave up and walked off the field. Thomas Beagley scored 113*, the first century in the series. Billed as the "Coronation Match" because it celebrated the accession of the unpopular George IV, it was described by Derek Birley as "a suitably murky affair".

Odds on
After the 1821 match, the fixture struggled for many years to regain credibility. Nine of the fourteen matches played from 1824 to 1837 were played at odds: for instance, in the 1836 match, the Gentlemen had eighteen men, and in the 1827 matches, seventeen men. In addition, the 1831 match was arranged as eleven-a-side, but the Players had only nine men appear, while in 1832, the Gentlemen defended an undersized wicket of 22 by 6 inches, and in 1837 – in what became known as the "Barn Door Match" – the Players defended an oversized wicket of four stumps measuring 36 by 12 inches.

The tide turned somewhat in the 1840s, when Alfred Mynn and Nicholas Felix were playing for the amateurs: in nine equal terms matches from 1842 to 1849, the Gentlemen won five against three for the Players and one drawn. Once that run of success ended, the Gentlemen lost 23 of the next 25 games up to July 1865 (with a win in 1853 and a draw in 1862).

"Halcyon days of amateur cricket"
According to Harry Altham, the period from about 1860 into the 1880s were the "halcyon days of amateur cricket". This refers in part to the success of cricketers who came through the public schools and universities of the period, but in the main to the achievements of Gentlemen teams who, between 1865 and 1881, won 27 matches against the Players whilst losing only five (seven were drawn).

At its height, from 1865 until 1914, the fixture was prestigious though, in terms of quality, it fell far short of Test matches and did not match the rival North v. South fixture. Until 1865, the Gentlemen teams were often very weak compared to the professional Players, and on occasion the fixture had to be arranged on an odds basis (so that the Players eleven took on a greater number of Gentlemen), with different-sized wickets, or with Players being loaned to the Gentlemen.

The Gentlemen becoming competitive coincided with the career of W. G. Grace, whose performances were so outstanding that the Gentlemen could enjoy some long-awaited success (their previous win prior to Grace's career had come in 1853).

1919–1946
The prestige of the fixture was in decline through the inter-war years, partly due to social change after the First World War and then during the Great Depression. The main reason was that there was much greater interest in Test cricket and the County Championship. As in the fixture's first half-century, the Gentlemen were not a match for the Players, especially in bowling and fielding, but also in batting as the Players could call on the likes of Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe.

Post-war social change
Social change after the Second World War led to a reaction against the concept of amateurism in English cricket.

The fixture's last season was 1962 when there were two matches. The first was played 18–20 July at Lord's. The Players were captained by Fred Trueman and the Gentlemen by England captain Ted Dexter. The match was halted by rain to end in a draw with the Players looking certain to win. The final edition of the fixture was played on 8, 10 and 11 September 1962 at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. The Players were again captained by Trueman and the Gentlemen by Mike Smith, standing in for Dexter who was ill.

MCC ruling and aftermath
On 31 January 1963, the distinction between amateur and professional players was abolished by the MCC. All first-class cricketers became nominally professional, or effectively "Players". With this decision, the "Gentlemen", and the raison d'etre for the Gentlemen v Players fixture, ceased to exist, and the series was ended. Charles Williams has described several reports on the subject which were submitted to MCC by its Amateur Status Standing Committee (ASSC), with the MCC committee unanimously agreeing to abolish amateurism. Williams also says while a substitute fixture was sought, it was decided not to pursue this, as the new Gillette Cup limited-overs competition was beginning in 1963.

There were contrasting views about the end of amateurism and the passing of Gentlemen v Players: some traditionalists like E. W. Swanton and the editor of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack lamented the passing of an era, but noted that social change had rendered the concept an anachronism. Fred Trueman, who captained the last-ever Players team, spoke for many when he described amateurism as a "ludicrous business" that was "thankfully abolished" and said he was glad there would be "no more fancy caps", having previously been "all for the abolition of amateurs" and their "afforded privileges".

2010 match
On 15 August 2010, the concept was revived for the first time in 48 years when a Twenty20 match was played at Wormsley Park. The Gentlemen were represented by a selection of under-19 cricketers from Blackheath Cricket Club and state schools in South East London and the Tower Hamlets area. The Players were a team representing the Professional Cricketers Association Masters, captained by Robert Key. After losing the toss and being sent in, the Players finished on 127/8, with the Gentlemen scoring 128/5 to win by five wickets off the final ball.

Results
In all, 274 matches were played over 135 years (in 1806, 1819–1825, 1827, 1829–1915, 1919–1939 and 1945–1962), with the Players winning 125, the Gentlemen 68, and 80 matches being drawn; the first match of 1883 was tied.

Largest margins of victory

 * By an innings
 * Players, innings and 305 runs: The Oval, 1934
 * Players, innings and 231 runs: Lord's, 1924
 * Players, innings and 181 runs: Lord's, 1860
 * Players, innings and 140 runs: Hastings, 1891
 * Players, innings and 128 runs: Lord's, 1946
 * Gentlemen record was innings and 126 runs: The Oval, 1879

 * By runs
 * Players, 345 runs: Lord's, 1823
 * Players, 285 runs: Lord's, 1858
 * Gentlemen, 262 runs, Lord's, 1875
 * Players, 241 runs: The Oval, 1914
 * Players, 206 runs, Lord's, 1878

 * By wickets
 * ten wickets: seven instances (all Players)
 * Gentlemen record was nine wickets: The Oval, 1872, and Prince's Cricket Ground, 1877

Smallest margins of victory

 * By runs
 * Tied match at The Oval, 1883
 * Players, one run: Hove, 1881
 * Players, two runs: Lord's, 1952
 * Gentlemen, four runs: Lord's, 1870
 * Gentlemen, five runs: Lord's, 1888

 * By wickets
 * one wicket: five instances (all Gentlemen)
 * Players record was two wickets: Lord's, 1856, Lord's, 1874, Lord's, 1900 and Scarborough, 1955

Highest team totals

 * Players, 651/7 dec: The Oval, 1934
 * Players, 608: The Oval, 1921
 * Players, 579: Lord's, 1926
 * Gentlemen, 578: The Oval, 1904
 * Gentlemen, 542: Lord's, 1926

Lowest team totals

 * Players, 24: Lord's, 1829 (first innings)
 * Gentlemen, 31: Lord's, 1848 (Gentlemen won the match)
 * Gentlemen, 35: Lord's, 3 July 1837
 * Gentlemen, 36: Lord's, 1831 (one man absent hurt)
 * Players, 37: Lord's, 1829 (second innings)

Highest individual innings

 * 266*: Jack Hobbs, Players, Scarborough, 1925
 * 247: Bobby Abel, Players, The Oval, 1901
 * 241: Len Hutton, Players, Scarborough, 1953
 * 232*: C. B. Fry, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1903
 * 217: W. G. Grace, Gentlemen, Hove, 1871

Hundred in each innings of a match

 * 102* & 136: R. E. Foster, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1900
 * 104 & 109*: John King, Players, Lord's, 1904
 * 125 & 103*: K. S. Duleepsinhji, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1930

Nine or more wickets in an innings

 * 10–37: Alec Kennedy, Players, The Oval, 1927
 * 10–90: Arthur Fielder, Players, Lord's, 1906
 * 10–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Players, Lord's, 17 July 1837 (second innings; Gentlemen had 16 men)
 * 9–46: John Stephenson, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1936
 * 9–82: David Buchanan, Gentlemen, The Oval, 1868
 * 9–85: Cec Parkin, Players, The Oval, 1920
 * 9–105: Johnny Douglas, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1914
 * 9–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Lord's, 3 July 1837

Thirteen or more wickets in a match

 * 18–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Players, Lord's, 17 July 1837 (Gentlemen had 16 men)
 * 14–221: Arthur Fielder, Players, Lord's, 1906
 * 14–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Players, Lord's, 1829
 * 13–141: Tom Richardson, Players, Hastings, 1897
 * 13–144: Tich Freeman, Players, Lord's, 1929
 * 13–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Players, Lord's, 1835
 * 13–?: F. W. Lillywhite, Players, Lord's, 3 July 1837
 * 13–?: James Cobbett, Players, Lord's, 1836 (Gentlemen had 18 men)

Five catches in an innings

 * Alfred Lyttelton, Gentlemen, The Oval, 1877
 * A. J. Webbe, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1877
 * Len Hutton, Players, Lord's, 1952

Four stumpings in an innings

 * E. H. Budd, Gentlemen, Lord's, 1819
 * William Slater, Players, Lord's, 1824 (Gentlemen had 14 men)

title: Gentlemen v Players


text:
Louis Alter

Louis Alter (June 18, 1902 – November 3, 1980) was an American pianist, songwriter and composer. At 13, he began playing piano in theaters showing silent films. He studied at the New England Conservatory of Music under the tutelage of Stuart Mason.

Biography
He was born on June 18, 1902, in Haverhill, Massachusetts.

Alter played in vaudeville houses as the accompanist for the headliners Irène Bordoni and Nora Bayes. He appeared with Bayes from 1924 until her death in 1928, touring the United States and abroad. Since he had previously written some songs for Broadway shows, Alter decided to concentrate on songwriting after her death. His first hit was "Manhattan Serenade" (1929), originally an instrumental that later became the theme music of the Easy Aces radio program. There are numerous recordings of "Manhattan Serenade" and it was featured prominently in Nancy Groce's book, New York: Songs of the City (Watson-Guptill, 1999). Alter recalled, "I was a great fan of Whiteman when I first came down here from Boston. He was the first big name I actually followed around and met. I was having a love affair with New York when Whiteman commissioned me to write a tone poem. I walked around this city for six months absorbing the sights and sounds. And then suddenly it came to me. Once I plunged into it I finished it in two hours."

Films and Broadway
In 1929, Alter moved to Hollywood, where he wrote songs for films, beginning with The Hollywood Review of 1929. He continued to provide piano accompaniment for various singers, including Beatrice Lillie and Helen Morgan. His contributions to Broadway musicals included songs in Sweet and Low (1930) and Ballyhoo (1931).

His first song hit was "Hugs and Kisses" in 1926. In 1928, he composed the music and wrote the lyrics of Paris. Other top tunes by Alter include "My Kinda Love", "You Turned the Tables on Me", "Nina Never Knew", "Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans" (for the 1947 film New Orleans), "Blue Shadows" and "Rainbow on the River". He wrote "A Melody from the Sky" and "Twilight on the Trail" for The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). His collaborators included Oscar Hammerstein II, Charlotte Kent, Raymond Klages, Sidney D. Mitchell and Jo Trent.

World War II and later years
In 1941, Alter signed on with the United States Air Force, performing for troops and also co-ordinating shows and other entertainment at West Coast air bases. As a piano soloist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, he performed at the Hollywood Bowl. In 1942, "Manhattan Serenade" once again became a hit after Harold Adamson added lyrics.

Alter also composed large-scale pieces for piano and orchestra, including American Serenade and Metropolitan Nocturne. In later years, he lived in New York and maintained a summer residence on Fire Island.

Awards
Twice nominated for Academy Awards ("Dolores", "A Melody from the Sky"), he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1975.

Death
He died on November 3, 1980, aged 78, of pneumonia at Saint Clare's Hospital in Manhattan, New York City.

Hurricane Katrina
After Hurricane Katrina, his song "Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans" took on a different kind of meaning in 2005–06 and experienced a revival due to its use in various post-Katrina documentary films and TV shows. It was used for strong emotional effect in Spike Lee's four-hour film When the Levees Broke (2006) and an equally moving dramatic sketch by Billy Crystal on HBO's Comic Relief 2006.

Orchestral compositions

 * American Serenade
 * Jewels from Cartier Suite
 * Manhattan Masquerade
 * Manhattan Moonlight
 * Metropolitan Nocturne
 * Side Street in Gotham
 * "Manhattan Serenade"

Songs

 * "Blue Shadows"
 * "Circus" (1949). Alter wrote the song with lyrics by Bob Russell for a party for John Ringling North, head of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
 * "Dolores"
 * "Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans"
 * "Give Trouble the Air" (1927)
 * "Hugs and Kisses" (1926)
 * "Overnight" (1930)
 * "Manhattan Serenade"
 * "A Melody from the Sky"
 * "My Kinda Love"
 * "Nina Never Knew"
 * "Rainbow on the River"
 * "You Turned The Tables On Me"

Listen to

 * Jazz violinist John Frigo playing Louis Alter's "Nina Never Knew"
 * Tommy Dorsey: "Manhattan Serenade"

title: Louis Alter


text:
User talk:Adrcam

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title: User talk:Adrcam