text:
Talk:Battletoads (television series)

IMDB says this series ran from 1991-1994. Tv.com only shows one episode, but it's an old series and that doesn't necessarily tell you that it was the *only* episode. Which is right? Do you have an external source to cite that confirms that it was only a pilot? It might not be easy, if there is conflicting information to know for sure. JRP 20:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, no one else has ever said anything about seeing another episode of this. - Nintendo Maximus

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Battletoads (television series)


text:
CFB Esquimalt

Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt (CFB Esquimalt) is Canada's Pacific Coast naval base and home port to Maritime Forces Pacific and Joint Task Force Pacific Headquarters. , 4,411 military personnel and 2,762 civilians work at CFB Esquimalt.

Geography
The base occupies approximately 41 km2 at the southern tip of Vancouver Island on the Strait of Juan de Fuca, in the municipality of Esquimalt, adjacent to the western limit of the provincial capital, Victoria.

Facilities
CFB Esquimalt comprises facilities that include Naden (formerly HMCS Naden), His Majesty's Canadian (HMC) Dockyard Esquimalt, Fleet Maintenance Facility – Cape Breton (FMF CB), a Fire Fighting and Damage Control School, the Naval Officer Training Centre (NOTC) Venture, and extensive housing including 716 personnel married quarters located at nine sites such as Belmont Park, WorkPoint, and Royal Roads.

The present dockyard and dry dock, known as HMC Dockyard Esquimalt, dates to the Royal Navy's Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard (1842–1905) and was the Royal Navy's Pacific Station until 1911. Today it serves as the Canadian Naval Headquarters in the Pacific.

Operational and support units
Major units of the base are:

 * Maritime Forces Pacific
 * Naval Security Team
 * Joint Task Force Pacific
 * Campus Pacific
 * Fleet Diving Unit (Pacific)
 * 443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron
 * Canadian Forces Health Services Centre (Pacific)
 * Naval Provost Marshal (Pacific)
 * 5th (British Columbia) Field Artillery Regiment, RCA
 * The Canadian Scottish Regiment
 * 11 Service Battalion
 * 4th Canadian Rangers Patrol Group
 * Acoustic Data Analysis Centre
 * Regional Cadets (Pacific)

Historic site
Due to their significance in Canadian naval history, four sites at CFB Esquimalt (the Dockyard, the former Royal Navy Hospital, the Veterans' Cemetery, and the Cole Island Magazine) have been designated the Esquimalt Naval Sites National Historic Site of Canada.

Ships

In March 2013, CFB Esquimalt services the following ships assigned to Canadian Fleet Pacific
 * Halifax-class frigate patrol frigates
 * HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331)
 * HMCS Regina (FFH 334)
 * HMCS Calgary (FFH 335)
 * HMCS Winnipeg (FFH 338)
 * HMCS Ottawa (FFH 341)
 * Kingston-class coastal defence vessels
 * HMCS Nanaimo (MM 702)
 * HMCS Edmonton (MM 703)
 * HMCS Whitehorse (MM 705)
 * HMCS Yellowknife (MM 706)
 * HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709)
 * HMCS Brandon (MM 710)
 * Victoria-class patrol submarines
 * HMCS Victoria (SSK 876)
 * HMCS Corner Brook (SSK 878)
 * HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879)
 * Auxiliary vessels
 * CFAV Tillicum, tugboat
 * Fire-class fireboat
 * CFAV Firebrand, fireboat
 * Ville-class tugs
 * CFAV Lawrenceville (YTL 590), tugboat
 * CFAV Parksville (YTL 591), tugboat
 * Glen-class tug (1975) tugs
 * CFAV Glendyne, tugboat
 * CFAV Glendale, tugboat
 * Orca-class patrol vessel patrol craft training tender
 * Orca (PCT 55)
 * Raven (PCT 56)
 * Caribou (PCT 57)
 * Renard (PCT 58)
 * Wolf (PCT 59)
 * Grizzly (PCT 60)
 * Cougar (PCT 61)
 * Moose (PCT 62)

Architecture

CFB Esquimalt contains several recognized and classified federal heritage buildings on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings.

 * Colwood Site
 * Guard House Building 38 Recognized – 2002
 * Belmont Road Main Gatehouse BEL 13 Recognized – 2000
 * Cow Barn / Dairy RR6 Recognized – 2000
 * Gatehouse Lodge RR8 Recognized – 2000
 * Grant Block, Building 24 Recognized – 1990
 * Gymnasium RR22 Recognized – 2000
 * Hatley Castle Classified – 1986
 * Nixon Block RR24A Recognized – 2000
 * Stable / Garage RR4 Recognized – 2000
 * Swimming Pool RR22A Recognized – 2000
 * Dockyard
 * Admiral's Residence, former Naval Storekeeper's Residence, Building D101 Classified – 1991
 * Aldergrove Building DY 199 Recognized – 2001
 * Bickford Tower, Building D118 Recognized – 1988
 * Clothing / Receiving Stores, Building D211 Recognized – 1991
 * Cordage / Furniture Stores, Building D80 Recognized – 1991
 * Dry Dock Pumphouse, Building D175 Recognized – 1991
 * Electrical Shop Building DY 141 Recognized – 2001
 * Engineer's Residence, Building D1 Recognized – 1991
 * Factory, Building 51 Recognized – 1991
 * Guard House Building D214 Recognized – 1991
 * Main Office, Building D70 Recognized – 1991
 * Oil Stores Building D83 Recognized – 1991
 * Ordnance Stores, Building D77 Recognized – 1991
 * Pump House, Graving Dock No. 1 Recognized – 1991
 * Royal Navy Prison, Building D26 Recognized – 1991
 * Rum / Salt Meats Stores, Building D75-D76 Recognized – 1991
 * Sail Loft / Oil Stores, Building D109 Recognized – 1991
 * Shipwrights' Shed / Spar Shed, Building D113 Recognized – 1991
 * Stone Frigate Building D38 Recognized – 1991
 * Transformer House, Graving Dock No. 11 Recognized – 1991
 * Veterans' Cemetery Chapel Recognized – 1996
 * Warehouse Building D85 Recognized – 1986
 * Fleet Maintenance Facility Cape Breton, Buildings D250 & D252 Recognized – 1991; Final Construction Completed – 2020
 * Naden
 * Administration Block, Building 37 Recognized – 1990
 * Administration Office, former Offices of the Officer-in-Charge, Building 5 Recognized – 1991
 * Catholic Chapel, Building 35 Recognized – 1990
 * Communications School, Building 67 Recognized – 1991
 * Drill Hall Building 33-33A-33B Recognized – 1991
 * Gunnery School, former Building 50 Recognized – 1991
 * Nelles Block, Building 34 Recognized – 1994
 * Officer's Ward / Base Museum, Building 20 Recognized – 1990
 * Protestant Chapel Building 39 Recognized – 1990
 * Radar Training Building 92A Recognized – 2006
 * Stores / Museum Warehouse, Building 29 Recognized – 1990
 * Torpedo School, former Building 2 Recognized – 1991
 * Trades Training Building 92 Recognized – 2006
 * Signal Hill
 * Armament Artificer's and Sergeant's Quarters, former Building 522 Recognized – 1991
 * Gun Emplacement, Building 578 Recognized – 1990
 * Private Married Quarters, former Building 523 Recognized – 1991
 * Reserve Ordnance Stores, former Building 508 Recognized – 1991
 * Work Point Barracks
 * Administration Building 1020 Recognized – 1991
 * Artillery Barracks, Building 1075 Recognized – 1991
 * Barracks Building 1004 Recognized – 1991
 * Work Point Guard House Recognized – 2011

The Institute for Stained Glass in Canada has documented the stained glass at the Multi-Faith Naval Chapel and the stained glass at the Old Naval and Garrison Church (1866), now known as St Paul's Anglican.

Esquimalt Naval and Military Museum
CFB Esquimalt Naval & Military Museum is located at HMCS Naden. Building 20 (c. 1891), part of Naden Museum Square is a Municipal Heritage Property. Building 37 (c. 1889) part of the Naden Museum Square is also a Municipal Heritage Property and is also on the Canadian Register of Historic Places. HMCS Naden was named after the Dominion Government Ship Naden, which was commissioned as a tender for the Royal Naval College of Canada from 1918 to 1922 for training in sail. The museum is affiliated with: Canadian Museums Association (CMA), Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN), Organization of Military Museums of Canada (OMMC) and Virtual Museum of Canada.

Other facilities
CFB Esquimalt operates a bus service to provide intra-base transportation. The Lookout is the base newspaper, which covers local, national and international news with specific interest to Navy and Canadian Forces members and family issues.

Other properties that are part of CFB Esquimalt include the Albert Head training area near Albert Head, Metchosin, located approximately 30 km by road southwest of downtown Victoria. It occupies approximately 88 ha, four of which are developed as training facilities. Fort Albert Head was established in the late 1800s along with Fort Rodd Hill and other installations, to provide shore defence for the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Victoria Harbour. The training area is used for Regular and Reserve Force training throughout the year and was previously home to the Regional Cadet Instructor School (Pacific) that trained Canadian Forces Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) Branch that deliver the cadet program. Albert Head currently houses the British Columbia Patrol Company of the 4th Canadian Rangers Patrol Group, training facilities for the Naval Tactical Operations Group, as well as a cadet summer training centre: Albert Head CTC. Canadian Forces Maritime Experimental Test Range at Nanoose Bay is also part of CFB Esquimalt. The facility provides non-explosive technical testing of sonobuoys, torpedoes and other equipment. Canadian Forces Ammunition Depot (CFAD) Rocky Point store excess ammunition for Maritime Forces Pacific and provides maintenance for missiles and torpedoes. The grounds are also used for by Albert Head CTC for survival training. Naval Radio Section Aldergrove in the Fraser Valley houses transmitting and receiving equipment for long-distance communications. Also, the CFB Esquimalt Base Fire Hall & Emergency Response Centre was founded to provide services to CFB Esquimalt and the civil community in the way of fire intervention and emergency response.

Economic facts

 * CFB Esquimalt contributes about $760 million (in 2023)into the local community annually.
 * CFB Esquimalt is the largest community employer.
 * CFB Esquimalt provides 7,866 jobs in the community.
 * CFB Esquimalt spends locally 770,847,000 dollars annually.

Historical background

 * Royal Roads Military College 1940–1995

title: CFB Esquimalt


text:
User:Rambot/Interlingua translation

Just created this if you wanted to use it... contact me if you have any questions/comments at all. Almafeta 20:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

This contains a number of errors in translation etc. Please don't use it for mass edits until it's been revised. Thanks. Cam 01:59, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I have corrected the translation errors, which entailed essentially rewriting the translation (I edit a lot in the Interlingua Wikipedia and am fluent in Interlingua). Linguistically it should now be ready for use, except for proofreading. Note the corrected number format (point 3 below). — McDutchie 03:02, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) Pages should include miles.
 * 2) If page needs to be disambiguated, add " (citate)" to the end of the article.
 * 3) Numbers should use a non-breaking space for the thousands digit and a comma for the decimal place ("1 000 000,00").
 * 4) US dollars should be marked as in English, with a $ sign.
 * 5) "Georgia" is a disambiguation page leading to Georgia (Statos Unite) and Georgia (pais).

 es un urbe situate in le contato de  in le stato de . Secundo le censo de 2000, le population del citate esseva .  es le capital de , .

== Geographia ==

right|Location de  in   es situate a °'" nord, °'" west (<DEGFULLN>, <DEGFULLW>). Secundo le U.S. Census Bureau, le urbe ha un area total de <AREAK> km² (<AREAM> mi²), dividite in <LAREAK> km² (<LAREAM> mi²) de terra e <WAREAK> km² (<WAREAM> mi²) de aqua. Le total area es <AREAP>% aqua.

== Demographia ==

Secundo le censo de 2000, il ha <VAL1> personas, <VAL2> domicilios, e <VAL3> familias habitante le citate. Le densitate del population es <VAL4>/km² (<VAL5>/mi²). Il ha <VAL6> casas con un densitate medie de <VAL7>/km² (<VAL8>/mi²). Le proportion racial del citate es <VAL9>% blanc, <VAL10>% nigre o afroamerican, <VAL11>% american native, <VAL12>% asiatic, <VAL13>% oceanic, <VAL14>% de altere racias, e <VAL15>% de duo o plus racias. <VAL16>% del population es hispanophone o latinoamerican de qualcunque racia.

Il ha <VAL17> casas. In <VAL18>% de illos habita infantes sub le etate de 18, in <VAL19>% habita copulas maritate, in <VAL20>% habita un femina singule, e in <VAL21>% non habita alcun familia. <VAL22>% del casas ha un singule habitante e in <VAL23>% habita alcuno del etate de 64 annos o plus. Le numero medie de habitantes de un casa es <VAL24> e le grandor medie de un familia es <VAL25> personas.

Le etate del population se divide con <VAL26>% qui ha minus de 18 annos, <VAL27>% qui ha inter 18 e 24, <VAL28>% qui ha inter 25 e 44, <VAL29>% qui ha inter 45 e 64, e <VAL30>% qui ha 65 annos o plus. Le etate median es <VAL31> annos. Pro cata 100 feminas, il ha <VAL32> homines. Pro cata 100 feminas del etate de 18 o plus, il ha <VAL33> homines.

Le receptas median de un domicilio in le citate es $<VAL34>, e le receptas median de un familia es $<VAL35>. Le homines ha receptas median de $<VAL36>, comparate con $<VAL37> pro feminas. Le receptas per capita pro le citate es $<VAL38>. <VAL39>% del population e <VAL40>% del familias se trova sub le limine de paupertate. Del population total, <VAL41>% del personas sub le etate de 18 e <VAL42>% del personas habente 65 annos o plus vive sub le limine de paupertate.

==Ligamines externe==

Town variations

 * Form: English = Interlingua singular (Interlingua plural)
 * city = citate (citates), urbe (urbes)
 * town = citate (citates), urbe (urbes)
 * CDP (Census Designated Place) = loco designate per censo (locos designate per censo)
 * township = localitate (localitates); charter township = localitate con privilegios (localitates con privilegios)
 * village = village (villages)
 * borough = burgo (burgos)
 * unorganized territory = territorio non organisate (territorios non organisate)
 * U.S. Air Force Base = base del fortias aeree statounitese (bases del fortias aeree statounitese)
 * plantation = plantation (plantationes)
 * reservation = reserva (reservas)
 * balance = balancia (balancias)
 * county = contato (contatos)
 * gore = not translatable
 * grant = concession (concessiones)
 * municipality = municipio (municipios)
 * purchase = acquisition (acquisitiones)
 * district = districto (districtos)
 * "Le citate ha un area total de <AREAK> km² (<AREAM> mi²). Nulle parte de illo es coperite per aqua."

title: User:Rambot/Interlingua translation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Helen & Robert Adler Scholarship

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 19:38, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Helen & Robert Adler Scholarship
Non-notable college scholarship. 3 Google hits. humblefool® 20:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it qualifies for speedy as commercial. Renata3 21:02, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Service Civil International

Service Civil International (SCI) is an international peace organisation, founded by Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole in the aftermath of World War I to foster understanding and a culture of peace between people from different countries. Since 1920 SCI has organised international volunteering projects in the form of workcamps and has expanded to have branches in 40 countries, as well as partner organisations who help run the projects.

Aims and activities
SCI bases its work on the following values: volunteering, non-violence, respect for human rights, solidarity, respect for the environment, inclusion, empowerment, and cooperation. According to their constitution, SCI "believes that all people are capable of living together with mutual respect and without recourse to any form of violence to solve conflicts".

SCI organises international voluntary workcamps in order to promote a culture of peace. Most of the workcamps are short-term projects of between one and three weeks for groups of international volunteers. In 2022, SCI organised 136 such workcamps and 839 volunteers participated in them. SCI also sends volunteers to workcamps organised by partner organisations. About half of volunteers are aged between 18 and 25 and about half of all participants are school or university students. In addition in 2022, 324 volunteers participated in long-term volunteering or special programmes. Many long-term voluntary projects within Europe are funded by the European Commission through the European Solidarity Corps programme.

Beginnings after World War I
SCI was founded by Swiss pacifist Pierre Cérésole, who had taken part in the peace conference organised by the Fellowship of Reconciliation at Bilthoven in 1920. It was at the conference that he gained support from other Christian pacifists, including Quakers, for his idea of an international civil service, which would be both a means to post-war reconciliation and an alternative to military service. Cérésole, together with English Quaker Hubert Parris, put the idea into practice with a workcamp in the French village of Esnes-en-Argonne, which had been badly damaged during the Battle of Verdun. The team of volunteers, which set to work in November 1920, included three Germans, an Austrian and a Dutchman. A Dutchwoman covered the initial costs of the work and did the cooking and washing. The team constructed two wooden houses and then, when the French government cancelled their contract, turned to clearing fields of debris, filling up shell-holes and repairing a road until, in April 1921, the French authorities asked them to leave. In spite of its premature end, the project had been of benefit to both the volunteers and the villagers, and Cérésole's enthusiasm for workcamps was undiminished.

Another opportunity for a workcamp presented itself in 1924. The village of Vers-l'Eglise in the Vaud district of Switzerland had been damaged by an avalanche in December 1923. Forty volunteers from different countries spent three weeks in August 1924 rebuilding a house, building a bridge and clearing a stream. This was followed by a workcamp to help rebuild Someo, a village in Switzerland that had been damaged by a landslide, where for the first time unemployed men were recruited. In 1924, Cérésole also started to promote international workcamps as a model service for conscientious objectors, in order to support a political campaign to introduce an alternative service in Switzerland, a proposal that was defeated in the Swiss parliament.

The largest disaster relief camp of the early history of the organisation took place in 1928 in Liechtenstein, after the river Rhine had burst its banks in October 1927 and left farmland covered in silt and stones. Cérésole, With the help of his brother, colonel Ernest Cérésole, recruited more than 700 volunteers from 17 countries who cleared the land over the spring and summer of 1928.

Evolution in the 1930s
Until 1934 the group was run informally, but at that stage Cérésole decided to found a national organisation. After some debate, Cérésole's view that the organisation should broaden its base and be open to non-pacifists prevailed.. In 1931 SCI sent a team of international volunteers to the Welsh colliery town of Brynmawr, which was hard-hit by unemployment. The Quakers, joined by student organisations, had started relief work in Brymawr in 1929. The SCI team of 37 international volunteers helped build a public park, including outdoor swimming pool and paddling pool, alongside British volunteers and local men and women, during the summer of 1931.

Cérésole, who was inspired by Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and who had met Gandhi in 1931, wanted to spread the idea of workcamps to India. Through the support of British Quakers and friends of Gandhi, among them Charles Freer Andrews, he was able to set up the first workcamp in India in 1934 to do disaster relief work in the Bihar region, which had been affected by the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. The project had only four European participants and the concept of organising workcamps as international reconciliation proved difficult to translate to a colonial context, where white Europeans would be identified with the colonising power. However, the project was well received as creating a new image of how Europeans could interact with Indians by, among others, Rajendra Prasad, who later became the President of India. In 1937, SCI joined a number of International relief organisations working in Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Under the name Ayuda Suiza and coordinated by SCI activist Rodolfo Olgiati, Swiss SCI volunteers including Elisabeth Eidenbenz, Ralph Hegnauer und Idy Hegnauer evacuated women and children and distributed food and clothing in parts of the Spanish Republic. Twenty years later, humanitarian aid was given to orphans in Tunisia during the Algerian War. These two projects were rare examples of SCI providing humanitarian aid.

Expansion after World War II
A branch of SCI had been set up in Britain in 1931, the same year as the Brynmawr workcamp. As more countries set up branches after World War II an international association of SCI branches with a secretariat in Paris was founded in 1948. During the following years the number of branches proliferated. The first branch in Asia was the Indian branch, registered in 1956. There was likewise a proliferation of the number of workcamps, from 46 workcamps in 9 countries in 1947 to 298 workcamps in 24 countries in 1968. In the 1950s, SCI established development aid programmes and recruited qualified volunteers for these. The largest development programme was in Tlemcen Province in western Algeria, set up in 1962 after the Algerian War. Volunteers including Simone Tanner Chaumet and Mohamed Sahnoun were involved until 1968 in rebuilding the village of Beni Hamou and setting up medical and primary education services in the district of Sebdou.

In the 1960s, regional coordination structures for Africa, Asia and Europe were set up. From 1949 Swiss SCI volunteers had been carrying out relief work in refugee camps in Faridabad in India. Long-term volunteers from Europe, mainly Switzerland and the United Kingdom, were sent to India in the 1950s and to Malaysia in the 1960s, while Indian and Pakistani volunteers participated in European workcamps.

Cold War
During the Cold War, SCI organised activities where people from both sides of the Iron Curtain could meet. SCI volunteers from Western Europe took part in a workcamp during the 5th World Youth Festival in Warsaw, Poland, in 1955. Workcamps were later organised with the co-operation of socialist volunteer organisations in Poland, East Germany, the Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. Volunteers from Eastern Europe could also participate in workcamps in the West, with for example 166 Czechoslovak volunteers taking part in projects organised by the British branch of SCI during the Cold War.

While it was not possible to set up SCI branches in Eastern European countries during the Cold War, SCI established an east–west commission in 1972 in order to facilitate volunteer exchange and to improve co-operation with partner organisations in Eastern Europe. After the Revolutions of 1989, new SCI branches were founded in former socialist countries.

Reorientation and International working groups
During the 1970s, SCI re-evaluated its role in society, moving away from the mainly developmental aid model of workcamps towards one of raising social and political awareness. In keeping with this approach were international campaigns for Namibian independence in the 1980s and an international refugee campaign in the 1990s. With the reorientation in the 1970s, SCI established working groups with a focus on a particular region or interest area. In 1997 a major constitutional change gave these groups an official status which is approved every year. Regional working groups exist for Africa (AWG), Asia (AIWG), Latin America (Abya Yala) and South Eastern Europe (SAVA). Other working groups focused on the following topics:
 * Immigration and refugees (since 1970)
 * East-West exchanges (since 1972)
 * Gender issues (since 1983)
 * Conscientious objection (1984–1990)
 * Youth and unemployment (since 1985)
 * North-South Exchange (since 1987)
 * Long-term Volunteering (since 1989)
 * Environmental issues (since 1998)
 * Human Rights (since 1998)

List of SCI branches and groups
National SCI organisations can be branches with full membership or groups with associated membership, according to their constitution, organisation and infrastructure. The national branches can have their own names, and describe themselves as a "branch of SCI" in documents. As of 2022, SCI counts 40 organisations as branches and groups. SCI also works with partner organisations to run voluntary projects.

Networking
The organisation has consultative status with the Council of Europe, operational relations with UNESCO and is a member of:
 * CCIVS (Coordinating Committee of International Voluntary Service Organisations)
 * YFJ (Youth Forum Jeunesse)
 * UNITED for Intercultural Action – a European network against nationalism, racism, fascism

In 1987, SCI was awarded the title of Messenger of Peace given by the United Nations, in acknowledgement of its efforts to promote peace and understanding.

Prominent members

 * Pierre Cérésole
 * Hélène Monastier
 * Rodolfo Olgiati
 * Mohamed Sahnoun
 * Friedrich Glasl
 * Simone Tanner-Chaumet
 * Elisabeth Eidenbenz
 * Jens Klocksin
 * Max-Henri Béguin
 * Emma Ott
 * August Bohny
 * Idy Hegnauer
 * Ralph Hegnauer

SCI International Archives
The archives of SCI are held in the municipal library of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, and were founded by Ralph Hegnauer in 1975. The files, documents and photographs in more than 700 archive boxes are accessible via several inventories and databases with some material being available online.

title: Service Civil International


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Soggy biscuit

Keep this page. I have heard of this "activity" taking place widely. I appreciate there is little evidence to back this up but how can you prove such a thing?. Video recordings?. Who would humiliate themselves other than the creator. Confessing to being a soggy biscuit grandmaster is like confessing to beastiality, (something which said creator is no doubt highly adept) and i believe this has its own page on wikipedia.


text:
User:Melkom

I was born on June 14th 1984 in the small town Bad Soden im Taunus, and I live for eight years in Frankfurt.

Visit my German user page at Benutzer:Melkom

title: User:Melkom


text: Template:User de-0

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Template:User de-0


text:
Clubhouses (South Park)

"Clubhouses" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American animated television series South Park. The 25th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on September 23, 1998. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with Nancy M. Pimental, and directed by Parker. In the episode, the boys set out to build clubhouses so they can play Truth or Dare with girls, while Randy and Sharon Marsh's marriage begins to fall apart.

Plot
Stan convinces Kyle to set out and build a clubhouse so they can play Truth or Dare with Wendy and Bebe. Stan believes he will be dared to kiss his girlfriend, Wendy, and Bebe, who has developed a crush on the unsuspecting Kyle, plans to make him her boyfriend. Kyle doesn't want to play Truth or Dare with the girls, but Stan alleviates his worries by saying they could get them to eat gross bugs via dare. Cartman and Kenny learn of Stan and Kyle's plans and set about building their own clubhouse; however, Cartman slacks off while having Kenny do all the work. Stan seeks advice from Chef on how to play Truth or Dare since neither he or Kyle know the rules - Chef tells Stan to do truth for a little bit before the dare or else he would come off as too eager, and when it comes to the dare he should say it sensually so that Wendy could possibly kiss him.

Meanwhile, Stan's parents, Randy and Sharon, divorce due to constant bickering. Sharon soon introduces Stan to a new stepfather, Roy, who promptly moves into the family home and whines a lot to Stan and making him do chores. Cartman and Kenny complete their clubhouse first, and Kenny manages to get two 16-year-old girls to hang out with them. Cartman attempts to get the girls to play Truth or Dare, but this fails when one of the girls says that Truth or Dare is for children. They instead instigate a massive party in the clubhouse, during which Kenny is inadvertently crushed during a mosh pit. Stan and Kyle eventually finish their clubhouse, despite not using nails since Sharon was worried they would get hurt. Before Stan can invite Wendy and Bebe, it is time for him to visit his father. Randy displays insincere interest and is more focused on enjoying single life (he is later seen at Cartman and Kenny's party in their clubhouse). The girls later visit Stan and Kyle's clubhouse to play Truth or Dare. Kyle and Bebe end up kissing after Kyle fails to listen to Stan's advice from Chef and makes a dare, causing him to run out of the clubhouse in disgust. Next is Stan, who is tempted to kiss Wendy and ignores Chef's advice to ask for a dare. However, Roy interrupts, causing Wendy and Bebe to leave early; Stan plans to enact vengeance on his stepfather.

Randy and Sharon get back together as Stan sets them up for a meeting in his clubhouse; he also sets up a bear trap for Roy after watching a cartoon on TV and he is left dangling from a tree. The next day, Stan and Clyde, who has become Bebe's boyfriend immediately after breaking up with Kyle (who was still unaware of her feelings for him), play Truth or Dare with Wendy and Bebe. Stan - once again ignoring Chef's advice - asks for a dare, expecting to be asked to kiss Wendy, but is instead told to insert a stick in his urethra ("jam it" up his "peehole"); Stan is left in shock. The episode ends with Roy still trapped up in the tree while asking for Sharon.

Cultural references
The Fat Abbott Show is a parody of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.

One of the teenage girls Cartman invites to his clubhouse is wearing a shirt with "D.V.D.A." (Double Vaginal Double Anal) printed on it, a reference to Stone and Parker's comedy band.

Home media
All 18 episodes of the second season, including "Clubhouses", were released on a DVD box set on June 3, 2003.

title: Clubhouses (South Park)


text: User talk:83.216.142.62

title: User talk:83.216.142.62


text:
List of islands of the Midwestern United States

This is a partial list of islands of the Midwestern United States.

Illinois

 * Bardwell Island
 * Big Blue Island
 * Campbell's Island
 * Carroll Island
 * Chouteau Island

 * Dillon Island
 * Goose Island
 * Isle a la Cache
 * Kaskaskia Island
 * Long Island

 * McEvers Island
 * Mosenthein Island
 * Rock Island Arsenal
 * Stolp Island
 * Treat Island
 * Tully Island

Indiana

 * Beeler
 * Biddle
 * Big (Fulton County)
 * Big (Noble County)
 * Bishop
 * Bois

 * Block
 * Brown
 * Greathouse
 * Holmes
 * Island Park

 * Monkey
 * Morrison
 * Ribeyre
 * Sevenmile

Iowa

 * Beaver Island, Clinton County, Iowa
 * Chaplain Schmitt Memorial Island, in the Mississippi River, in Dubuque, Iowa
 * Credit Island, in the Mississippi River, in Davenport, Iowa
 * Sabula, Iowa, the site of Iowa's only island city

Kansas

 * Ackerman Island, former island in Wichita
 * Franks Island
 * Kickapoo Island - historical
 * Nelson Island
 * Stigers Island

Michigan

 * Amygdaloid Island, part of Isle Royale National Park
 * Beaver Island, inhabited island in Lake Michigan
 * Beaver Island, small island in Lake Superior
 * Belle Isle, city park in Detroit in the Detroit River
 * Bois Blanc Island, inhabited island in Lake Huron
 * Calf Island, part of Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge
 * Charity Island, in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
 * Cherry Island, Potagannissing Bay at the south end of the St. Marys River
 * Copper Island, tip of Keweenaw Peninsula
 * Crooked Island, Lake Huron
 * Crow Island, in Saginaw River, site of Crow Island State Game Area
 * Diamond Island, in Diamond Lake (Michigan)
 * Drummond Island, inhabited island in Lake Huron
 * Frying Pan Island, St. Marys River, had lighthouse
 * Garden Island Lake Michigan
 * Gard Island, Lake Erie, owned by University of Toledo
 * Gull Island, any of a dozen small islands
 * Grand Island, location of Grand Island National Recreation Area
 * Granite Island, site of lighthouse in Lake Superior
 * Grassy Island, part of Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge
 * Grosse Ile, inhabited island in Detroit River
 * Harbor Island National Wildlife Refuge
 * Harsens Island, inhabited island in Lake St. Clair
 * Hickory Island, southern end of Grosse Ile
 * Higgins Island,
 * High Island, Lake Michigan
 * Hog Island, Lake Michigan
 * Horse Island, Lake Erie, near Gibraltar
 * Huron Islands, Lake Superior, has lighthouse
 * Indian Island, Lake Erie
 * Ile Aux Galets, Lake Michigan, location of Skillagalee Lighthouse
 * Isle Royale, location of Isle Royale National Park in Lake Superior
 * Katechay Island, in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
 * Les Cheneaux Islands, group of 36 inhabited islands in Lake Huron
 * Lime Island, in St. Marys River
 * Little Charity Island, in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
 * Little Summer Island, Lake Michigan
 * Long Island
 * Mackinac Island, inhabited island in Lake Huron
 * Manitou Island, Lake Superior, site of lighthouse
 * Marquette Island, Lake Huron, one of the Le Cheneaux group
 * Michigan Islands National Wildlife Reserve
 * Middle Island, Lake Huron
 * Mud Island, part of Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge
 * Naubinway Island, Lake Michigan, site of lighthouse
 * Neebish Island, inhabited island in St. Marys River
 * North Island, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
 * North Cape, in Lake Erie
 * North Fox Island, state-owned island in Lake Michigan
 * North Manitou Island, part of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
 * Ojibway Island, in Saginaw River
 * Passage Island, Isle Royale National Park, has lighthouse
 * Peach Isle, in Detroit River, site of Peach Isle Range Lighthouse
 * Pipe Island, St. Marys River, had lighthouse
 * Poverty Island, Lake Michigan
 * Power Island, also called Ford Island and Marion Island, a Grand Traverse County park
 * Round Island, Chippewa County, in Lake Superior, has lighthouse
 * Round Island, Chippewa County, in St. Marys River, has lighthouse
 * Round Island, Alpena County, in Lake Huron, site of lighthouse
 * Round Island, Delta County, in Green Bay in Lake Michigan
 * Round Island, Delta County, in Big Bay De Noc in Lake Michigan
 * Round Island, Keweenaw County, off Isle Royale in Lake Superior
 * Round Island, Mackinac County, off Mackinac Island in Lake Huron, has lighthouse
 * Round Island, Presque Isle County, in Grand Lake
 * Round Island, Wayne County, at southern tip of Grosse Ile in Lake Erie
 * St. Helena Island, Lake Michigan, site of lighthouse
 * St. Martin Island, Lake Michigan, has lighthouse
 * South Island, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron
 * South Fox Island inhabited island in Lake Michigan
 * South Manitou Island, part of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
 * Stoney Point Island, Lake Erie
 * Squaw Island, Lake Michigan
 * Sugar Island, inhabited, includes part of Bay Mills Indian Reservation
 * Summer Island, Lake Michigan
 * Thunder Bay Island, Lake Huron, site of lighthouse
 * Trout Island, Lake Michigan
 * Turtle Island, Lake Erie
 * Whiskey Island, Lake Michigan
 * Washington Island, part of Isle Royale National Park
 * Waugoshance Island, Lake Michigan
 * Zug Island, part of Ford Motor Company's River Rouge Plant

Minnesota

 * Aeroplane Island
 * Aikio Island
 * Alepo Island
 * Anderson Island
 * Angel Island
 * Babe Island (Minnesota)
 * Baileys Island
 * Bakers Island
 * Baldwin Island
 * Banfill Island (?)
 * Banfills Island (?)
 * Barrett Island
 * Bear Island
 * Big Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Boom Island - historical
 * Campers Island (Minnesota)
 * Coney Island, Lake Waconia
 * Crane Island
 * Deering Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Eagle Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Enchanted Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Goose Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Gale's Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Grey Cloud Island
 * Harriet Island - historical
 * Hennepin Island - historical
 * Latsch Island
 * Manitou Island
 * Nicollet Island
 * Oak Island
 * Pike Island
 * Peacebunny Island, Mississippi River
 * Raspberry Island, Mississippi River
 * Ripple Island (Minnesota), an island in Shagawa Lake
 * Shady Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Spirit Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Spray Island, Lake Minnetonka
 * Star Island, the island containing Lake Windigo
 * Wawatasso Island, Lake Minnetonka (Boy Scout)

Missouri

 * Missouri River Islands

 * Bonhomme Island
 * Catfish Island
 * Howell Island
 * Johnson Island
 * Pelican Island

 * Mississippi River Islands

 * Angle Island
 * Apple Island
 * Bolter Island
 * Cuivre Island
 * Dardenne Island
 * Dresser Island
 * Ellis Island
 * Gilbert Island
 * Grand Tower Island
 * Maple Island
 * Mason Island
 * Moser Island
 * Peruque Island
 * Pharrs Island
 * Portage Island
 * Tower Rock
 * Two Branch Island
 * Westport Island

 * Osage River Islands

 * Bell Island
 * Cotton Island
 * Hawaiian Island

Nebraska

 * Goat Island (On the Missouri River, between Vermillion, SD, and Yankton, SD.)

North Dakota

 * Grahams Island
 * Gros Ventres Island (historical)

Ohio

 * Ballast Island
 * Bass Islands
 * Middle Bass Island
 * Sugar Island (lies northwest of Middle Bass Island)
 * North Bass Island
 * South Bass Island
 * Buckeye Island
 * Gibraltar Island
 * Green Island
 * Gull Island (former)
 * Johnson's Island
 * Kafralu Island
 * Kelleys Island
 * Lost Ballast Island
 * Mouse Island
 * Rattlesnake Island
 * Starve Island
 * Turtle Island
 * West Sister Island

South Dakota

 * Goat Island (part)

Wisconsin

 * Apostle Islands
 * Basswood Island
 * Bear Island
 * Devils Island
 * Cat Island
 * Eagle Island
 * Gull Island
 * Hermit Island
 * Ironwood Island
 * Long Island
 * Madeline Island, contains the Town of La Pointe (population 250)
 * Manitou Island
 * Michigan Island
 * North Twin Island
 * Oak Island
 * Otter Island
 * Outer Island
 * Raspberry Island
 * Rocky Island
 * Sand Island
 * South Twin Island
 * Stockton Island
 * York Island
 * Adventure Island
 * The Ansul Islands
 * Baker's Island
 * Barker's Island
 * Bergmann Island
 * Brunet Island (part of a State Park)
 * Cana Island
 * Chambers Island
 * Detroit Island
 * Doty Island
 * Duck Island
 * Fish Island
 * French Island, contains the Town of Campbell (population 4,410)
 * Gravel Island
 * Green Island
 * Hat Island
 * Hog Island
 * Horseshoe Island
 * Jones Island, Milwaukee
 * Leslie Island
 * Pilot Island
 * Plum Island
 * Rock Island
 * The Sister Islands
 * Spider Island
 * The Strawberry Islands
 * Sugar Island
 * Washington Island, contains the Town of Washington (population 660)
 * Willow Island (Wisconsin)


text:
Truthfulness

Truthfulness may refer to:

 * Honesty—a moral character of a human being, related to telling the truth
 * Accuracy—the propensity of information to be correct
 * Incentive compatibility—a property of some strategic games that encourages participants to be honest about their preferences

See also:
 * Truth - a concept most often used to mean in accord with fact or reality.
 * Truthiness - a quality characterizing a "truth" that a person making an argument or assertion claims to know intuitively.
 * Truthlikeness - a philosophical concept that distinguishes between the relative and apparent truth and falsity of assertions and hypotheses.

title: Truthfulness


text:
Miguel de Molinos

Miguel de Molinos (baptised 29 June 1628 – 29 December 1696) was a Spanish mystic, the chief representative of the religious revival known as Quietism.

Biography
He was born in 1628 near Muniesa (Teruel), in Aragon, a village around 60 mi south of Zaragoza. His birthdate is unknown, but church records indicate he was baptised on 29 June 1628. He moved to Valencia in his youth and undertook religious education with the Jesuits there at the College of St Paul. He was ordained in 1652, and seemingly took his doctorate shortly thereafter at Coimbra. He held a benefice in the church of Santo Tomas and was confessor to a community of nuns.

On 4 June 1662, Molinos was admitted to the local chapter of the School of Christ, a religious brotherhood that would play an important role in his later life in Rome. He seems in these early years in Valencia to have held a number of secondary roles in the chapter's leadership, at least one of which earned him a place on the chapter's governing body.

In July 1663, Molinos was chosen to travel to Rome as procurator of the cause of the beatification of the Venerable Francisco Jerónimo Simón (d. 1612), a secular cleric and beneficer of the parish of St Andrews in Valencia. He left Spain in late 1663; he would not return.

There is almost no specific evidence of Molinos's activities in Rome in 1663–1675. It is known that Molinos was affiliated with the Roman chapter of the School of Christ (and, by 1671 at the latest, had become its leader). He also became well known as a spiritual director – and it was in this role that he gained prominence as the leading advocate of the teaching and practice that would come to be known as Quietism. He was a regular correspondent with Princess Borghese, and counted as an admirer, Cardinal Benedetto Odescalchi, who in 1676 became Pope Innocent XI. He also paid frequent visits to the house of the exiled Christina, Queen of Sweden. He was also in these years working on the case of the Venerable Simón; by 1675, however, Molinos had to admit to his superiors in Valencia that the Congregation of Rites had refused to reconsider the case. Molinos's royal commission and line of credit were revoked, and he was deprived of his official position in the Valencian delegation in Rome.

In the same year, 1675, Molinos published his most famous work, the Spiritual Guide. The initial Spanish edition was quickly followed by an Italian translation entitled Guida spirituale, che disinvolge l'anima e la conduce per l'interior camino all' acquisito della perfetta contemplazione e del ricco tesoro della pace interiore (Spiritual Guide, which releases the soul and conducts it through the interior path to acquire the perfect contemplation and rich treasure of interior peace). The work was published with the usual approval from the ecclesiastical authorities – the book received the imprimatur from the Dominican Raimondo Capizucchi, the pope's own theologian, and the book opened with approbations by clergy of the Trinitarian, Franciscan, Carmelite, Capuchin and Jesuit orders. This was followed soon after in 1675 by a brief Trattato della cotidiana communione (Brief Treatise on Daily Communion), in which Molinos argued that those who wished to receive the Eucharist daily should not be denied by their confessor, so long as they were in a state of grace. Again, this work was approved by the censors of several orders.

Quietist controversy

According to Daniel-Rops, Molinos' recommended absolute passivity and contemplation in total repose of the spirit. Activity disrupts passive receptivity, therefore, even devotions are harmful, as they focus on something sensible, such as the Humanity of Christ. God allows sin in order to discipline and purify the soul, so it was wrong to resist temptation. Molinos's writings were extremely popular. By 1685 seven editions had been printed in Italy and three in Spain. Translations of the book were made into Latin (1687), French (1688), Dutch (1688), English (1688), and German (1699)

His ideas might have been condemned sooner but for the esteem in which he was held by Innocent XI, Capizucchi, and some influential cardinals. Inigo Caracciolo, Archbishop of Naples, said that in convents of religious women, sisters rejected vocal prayer in preference to the prayer of quiet. Cardinal Albizzi of the Holy Office, also took a dim view. Rumors spread throughout Rome denouncing Molinos' alleged conduct with his female penitents.

The first attack on Molinos's Guide (though without specifically mentioning the Guide or Molinos) appeared in 1678, written by Gottardo Bell’huomo. Molinos evidently felt that Bell’huomo's book could not be ignored, because shortly after he wrote (though never published) an apologia for his Guide entitled Defence of Contemplation, aiming to defend the Guide against charges of theological innovation. Specifically, he marshalled a long list of past writers and saints (including Francisco Suarez and Jean-Joseph Surin) in order to demonstrate that the Guide’s principal thesis – that in order to pass to the state of contemplation one must leave behind meditative practices was a well-established part of church doctrine. (He was aware of the focus in the writings of Ignatius of Loyola on meditation, and the likelihood that Jesuit writers would react poorly to any perceived attack on Ignatius’s thought. He was quick to emphasise that these are certainly an important stage of the spiritual life.) Instead of publishing the book, Molinos took up his case with the superior general of the Jesuits, Giovanni Paolo Oliva. In a series of letters from February 1680 onwards, Molinos sought to assure Oliva that he had nothing but praise and respect for the Jesuits and their spirituality.

A second moment of suspicion against Molinos arose in 1681. In March 1680, the Jesuit preacher Paolo Segneri, a renowned doctor of ascetical theology, wrote to Oliva, proposing a book defending meditation against the quietists’ teaching. Oliva encouraged him and forwarded copies of the letters he had recently sent to Molinos. Later in 1680, a book was published in Florence, titled Concordia tra la fatica e la quiete nell' orazione (Agreement Between Effort and Quiet in Prayer), with Oliva's name signed as imprimatur. The book attacked Molinos's views, though without mentioning his name.

During 1680–1681, a series of responses appeared from both the quietists and the Jesuits. The matter was referred to the Inquisition. In late 1681, it pronounced that the Guida spirituale was perfectly orthodox, censured Segneri, and placed his book on the Index (later in 1681, Bellhuomo's work was also placed on the Index).

The apparent Quietist victory, however, was short-lived. Cardinal d'Estrées, French ambassador at Rome, acting on instructions from Paris, denounced him to the authorities. On 18 July 1685, Molinos was arrested by the pontifical guards and imprisoned in the Castel Sant’Angelo. At first his friends were confident of an acquittal, and it seems that many in Rome remained sympathetic to his beliefs, but matters gradually turned against him.

In spring 1687, Molinos was brought before a tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition and asked to explain his teaching, with 263 questionable propositions from his works at stake. Although initially defending them, by May 1687 his attitude had changed and he confessed his errors of conduct and teaching and waived his opportunity to present a defence. By July, the tribunal had isolated 68 objectionable propositions and had prepared articles of censure for each.

On 23 August 1687, the entire case was read to the cardinal inquisitors, and on 2 September Molinos's sentence (life in prison) was announced.

On 3 September Molinos made a public profession of his errors in the Dominican Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. On 20 November Pope Innocent XI ratified his condemnation of the practices of the Quietists in the bull Coelestis Pastor, condemning 68 propositions from the Guida spirituale and other unpublished writings of its author.

Molinos died nine years later in the prison of the Holy Office on 29 December 1696.

Later reputation
For the last three centuries, Molinos has chiefly been known as the main proponent of the most fundamental mystical heresy in Catholicism, a heresy which has come to be the touchstone for doctrinal judgements about correct and incorrect claims for mystical contact with God. Most assessments of him have been accordingly negative.

In the second half of the twentieth century, however, the assessment of Eulogio Pacho has been somewhat more circumspect, aware of the problematic bias in the various sources on Molinos. Bernard McGinn is not entirely forgiving of Molinos as a person, pointing out that it seems likely that he did, as he was accused, engage in sexual misconduct with some of his penitents during his work as a spiritual director. McGinn, however, is keen to point out how far the errors condemned in the bull Coelestis Pastor do not in fact exist in the Spiritual Guide. Rather, he argues, the imprecision and lack of qualifications in Molinos's work left him open to attack, and this was exacerbated by the fact that his book (with its various ambiguities) focused on certain issues (notably contemplation over meditation, interior quiet over vocal prayer, and passivity over pious action) which had become heated debates in the preceding century. Even today we do not know if the rumors of sexual misconduct were even made at his trial as the text of the record and the trial have yet to be released by the Vatican. His last words to a priest before entering his cell of imprisonment were: "Good-by, Father. We shall meet again on the day of judgement. Then it will be seen if the truth was on your side or mine."

Henry Longfellow wrote a sonnet about him. William James, in The Varieties of Religious Experience said he was a 'spiritual genius'.

Spanish editions

 * Miguel de Molinos, Guía Espiritual: Edición critica, introducción y notas, edited with an introduction by José Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras, (Madrid: Fundación Universitaria Española, 1976).
 * Miguel de Molinos, Defensa de la contemplación, edited with a preliminary study and notes by Eulogio Pacho, (Madrid: FUE/Univ. Pontificia de Salamanca, 1988) [also include Molinos's Scioglimento ad alcune obiettioni fatte contra il libro della Guida Spirituale]

English translations

 * Miguel de Molinos, The Spiritual Guide, ed and trans by Robert P Baird, (New York: Paulist Press, 2010) [prepared from the 1976 critical edition]
 * The Unabridged Collected Works of Michael Molinos and Francois Fenelon (Kahley House, 2006)
 * The Spiritual Guide (SeedSowers, 1972)

Secondary literature

 * Eulogio Pacho, 'Molinos (Miguel de)', in Dictionnaire de Spiritualité, vol 10, (1980), ed by Marcel Villier et al., 17 vols, (Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne, 1937–1994).
 * Christian Renoux, 'Quietism', in The Papacy: An Encyclopedia, vol 3, edited by Philippe Levillain, 3 vols, (London: Routledge, 2002)
 * Ronald Knox, Enthusiasm, (Oxford: OUP, 1950)
 * Paul Dudon, Le Quiétiste Espagnol: Michel Molinos (1628–1696), (Paris: Gabriel Beauchesne, 1921)
 * Carl Emil Scharling, Michael de Molinos (Ger. trans. from Danish; Gotha, 1855)
 * Heinrich Heppe, Geschichte der quietistischen Mystik (Berlin, 1875).
 * H. Delacroix, Études d'histoire et de psychologie du mysticisme (Paris, 1908). [On Quietism]
 * J. H. Shorthouse's romance, John Inglesant (1881). [A brilliant, but very fanciful, account of Molinos and his doctrines.]
 * Santiago Asensio Merino, En el centro de la nada. Venturas de Miguel de Molinos. Ed. LiberFactory. Madrid 2014. ISBN 978-84-9949-439-5. [Fiction]

title: Miguel de Molinos


text:
Thomas Alderson

Thomas Hopper Alderson, GC (15 September 1903 – 28 October 1965) was a British Air Raid Precautions (ARP) warden in Bridlington, and the first person to be directly awarded the George Cross (GC) shortly after its creation in 1940.

Born in Sunderland, Alderson was educated in West Hartlepool. After leaving school at 15, he joined the Merchant Navy as an engineer but gave up seafaring in 1935. He worked in Bridlington at the time of the Second World War, where he was an Air Raid Warden. His GC was awarded to recognise his bravery in rescuing civilians trapped in bombed out buildings. After the war, he served in the Civil Defence Corps. He died of cancer in Driffield, aged 62.

Early life
Born on 15 September 1903 at Ashburne Stables, Sunderland, Alderson was the fifth of six children of domestic coachman Thomas Alderson (1864–1945) and Sarah Annie (1872–1942), née Hopper. He went first to his local village school and then to Elwick Road senior boys' school, West Hartlepool, becoming Head Boy. During World War I he was present at the bombardment of West Hartlepool by the German High Seas Fleet on 16 December 1914.

Career
After leaving school at 15, Alderson first worked as an office boy and then a draughtsman, before undertaking an engineering apprenticeship. He joined the Merchant Navy, becoming a first engineer. On 23 December 1932, he married Irene Doris (1899–1991), the daughter of agent Frederick R. A. Johnson, of West Hartlepool. Following the birth of his daughter in 1935 he became an engineer for West Hartlepool council. He also taught technical drawing at a night school for extra income. He moved to Bridlington in 1938 as works supervisor for the Bridlington Corporation. Local authorities were responsible for air raid precautions and trained their own workforces in rescue work. Alderson attended an anti-gas school at Easingwold, near York, and became an instructor in the subject.

Second World War
Alderson worked as a part-time Air Raid Warden during the Second World War, leading a detachment of rescue and demolition parties in Bridlington. The coastal town was soon attacked by Luftwaffe bombers, and residential areas were hit. On three occasions in August 1940, Alderson led rescue teams and entered dangerous buildings to rescue trapped civilians. For his work, he was awarded the newly-instituted George Cross. It had been created to recognise acts of bravery in non-battle situations. The citation, published in The London Gazette, read: A pair of semi-detached houses at Bridlington was totally demolished in a recent air raid. One woman was trapped alive. Alderson tunnelled under unsafe wreckage and rescued the trapped person without further injury to her. Some days later, two five-storey buildings were totally demolished and debris penetrated into a cellar in which eleven persons were trapped. Six persons in one cellar, which had completely given way, were buried under debris. Alderson partly effected the entrance to this cellar by tunnelling 13 to 14 feet under the main heap of wreckage and for three and a half hours he worked unceasingly in an exceedingly cramped condition. Although considerably bruised he succeeded in releasing all the trapped persons without further injury to themselves. The wreckage was unsafe and further falls were anticipated; coal gas leaks were of a serious nature and there was danger of flooding from fractured water pipes. Despite these dangers and enemy aircraft overhead the rescue work was continued. On a third occasion, some four-storey buildings were totally demolished. Five persons were trapped in a cellar. Alderson led the rescue work in excavating a tunnel from the pavement through the foundations to the cellar; he also personally tunnelled under the wreckage many feet into the cellar and rescued alive two persons (one of whom subsequently died) from under a massive refrigerator, which was in danger of further collapse as debris was removed. A wall, three stories high, which swayed in the gusty wind, was directly over the position where the rescue party were working. This was likely to collapse at any moment. Alderson worked almost continuously under the wreckage for five hours, during which time further air raid warnings were received and enemy aircraft heard overhead. By his courage and devotion to duty without the slightest regard for his own safety, he set a fine example to the members of his Rescue Party, and their teamwork is worthy of the highest praise.

He was the first person to receive the GC from King George VI, and in a radio broadcast at the time insisted that his award was for all the rescue parties in Bridlington.

Later life
In 1946, Alderson joined the East Riding of Yorkshire County Council workforce as an assistant highways surveyor. He then joined the new Civil Defence Corps, this time to protect the civilian population from nuclear warfare, rather than conventional bombs. On 28 October 1965 he died of lung cancer in Northfield Hospital at Driffield, Yorkshire. His George Cross is now on display at the Imperial War Museum alongside a medal from the RSPCA, awarded later in the war for rescuing two horses from a burning stable.

title: Thomas Alderson


text:
Talk:Auschwitz trials

I suggest merger of the two pages "Auschwitz trial' and "Auschwitz trials"
@ "humblefool": When I checked the Auschwitz page ealier I couldn't find the link to the Poland or the other trials, maybe my fault.

However, although the "Auschwitz trial" page carries more detailed info on the Poland trial, it's silent on the other trials, although these were quite important.

Also, I would like to object to the "delete-by-redirection" - this is not the way Wikipedia should work. Check the content first, then redirect !

title: Talk:Auschwitz trials


text:
The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt

The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (1979) is a biography of United States President Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris and published by Coward, McCann & Geoghegan when the author was forty years old. It is the first in a trilogy continued more than twenty and thirty years later by Theodore Rex (2001) and Colonel Roosevelt (2010). It won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 1980 National Book Award in Biography.

Description
The Rise covers the time from Roosevelt's birth through his ascendancy to the Presidency. It includes the Roosevelt family history starting with his parents' influence, his turbulent childhood illnesses, education, involvement in politics, and political accomplishments that prepared him to be one of the most influential presidents of the modern era. Specific topics include the philosophy of Roosevelt's father, mother, and his family. His passion for learning despite severe illness is well documented. Morris reports that Roosevelt probably read the equivalent of one book per day during his life.

Morris examines his life as a young politician driven by a sense of public duty and stewardship, and captures multiple aspects of the events that shaped the character and performance of Roosevelt. The book provides insight into the world of influence from a master of corporate power as opposed to leaders who practice personal power.

Topics include early childhood, education and hobbies, travels in Europe and Africa, New York legislature, frontier life, civil service commissioner, New York police commissioner, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the Rough Riders and victory in Cuba, governor of New York, and short term as vice-president.

Film
A planned film adaptation by director Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio was scheduled to be released in 2013. However, that project was abandoned.

title: The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt


text:
Scott McDonald

Scott Douglas McDonald (born 21 August 1983) is an Australian former professional footballer and is the current head coach for National Premier Leagues club Gold Coast Knights. Originally a striker, McDonald could also play as an attacking midfielder.

Born in Dandenong, McDonald commenced his senior footballing career with Gippsland Falcons in the National Soccer League before moving to Great Britain in 2001. He subsequently played for a wide range of clubs, including representing Southampton in the Premier League and Celtic and Motherwell in the Scottish top flight.

McDonald represented Australia 26 times between 2006 and 2012. He was a member of the squad for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, where Australia finished second, as well as the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship, 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship and 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship.

Early career
McDonald was born in Dandenong, and began his career at Doveton, before joining Casey Comets. He made three appearances on loan from his Victorian State League club, Cranbourne Comets, with Gippsland Falcons in the ANSL, where he became the club's youngest ever NSL player, replacing Jason Marsh, when making his first-team debut aged just fifteen.

McDonald started off as a trainee with Southampton in 2001 where he managed only three appearances (one first-team start and two as a substitute), being loaned to Huddersfield Town where again he had chances to play first team football. McDonald scored just once for Huddersfield, in a 2–1 defeat to Tranmere Rovers and AFC Bournemouth (scoring once against Shrewsbury). Upon reaching the end of his contract with Southampton he signed for Wimbledon on a rolling monthly contract.

He had talks with Drogheda United in 2003 but failed to agree terms.

Motherwell
McDonald went on trial with Scottish Premier League club Dundee United, but failed to win a contract and instead signed for league rivals Motherwell in January 2004. After signing for Motherwell, McDonald had a slow start, scoring only one goal during the second half of the 2003–04 season despite impressive performances. The following season he scored 15 goals. McDonald famously scored two late goals against Celtic at the end of the 2004–05 season to deny them the Scottish Premier League title which was instead won by their arch-rivals Rangers. In the 2005–06 season, McDonald scored 11 goals in 35 appearances, and in the following season, scored 15 goals in 32 appearances. His goal against Falkirk on 25 November 2006, was the 5000th goal in the SPL since its formation in 1998. In his successful stint with Well, he scored 45 goals in 108 appearances.

In December 2007, McDonald was named BBC Sportsound Player of the Year for his eight man-of-the-match performances throughout the 2006–07 season.

Celtic
In March 2007, after a £400,000 bid from Rangers had been rejected in January, Motherwell accepted an offer of £700,000 from McDonald's boyhood favourites Celtic, with McDonald moving to Celtic Park at the start of the 2007–08 season.

McDonald made his competitive debut for Celtic in the first leg of the UEFA Champions League third qualifying-round match against Spartak Moscow at Luzhniki Stadium, assisting Paul Hartley for Celtic's goal as the game finished 1–1. His first goal for the club came in the second leg of the tie at Celtic Park. A mistake by Spartak defender Roman Shishkin allowed McDonald to slip in and hit the ball first time past Stipe Pletikosa. This match also ended 1–1, but Celtic won 4–3 on penalties. Just days later in an away league match against St Mirren, McDonald latched onto a long Gary Caldwell pass to lob Chris Smith from a tight angle and score his first SPL goal for the club. He followed that up with the winning goal in the final minute of their 2–1 UEFA Champions League group-stage win against A.C. Milan on 3 October and another last minute winner just days later at Gretna. In a pulsating clash with Old Firm rivals Rangers on 16 April 2008, McDonald set up his Dutch strike partner Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink for a last minute goal that kept Celtic in the 2007–08 SPL title race, before scoring a double and winning a penalty scored by Barry Robson in another vital 3–2 Old Firm victory eleven days later. At the end of the season, McDonald was rewarded with a new five-year deal at Parkhead and was nominated for SPL Player of the Year. He scored 25 goals in 36 league appearances in his first season at Celtic and was the top goalscorer during the 2007–08 season, beating the next highest goalscorer and strike partner Vennegoor of Hesselink by 10 goals. This breakthrough season included two hat-tricks; against Dundee United and former club Motherwell. In total, McDonald scored 31 times in his first season at Parkhead.

McDonald wore the number 27 shirt in his first season with Celtic, but in July 2008 he was given number 7, which he also wore at Motherwell. After a sluggish start to the 2008–09 season, not scoring in any of the first four games, he opened his account against Motherwell, scoring Celtic's third goal in a 4–2 win at Fir Park. On 5 November 2008 McDonald scored the opening goal in a 1–1 draw with Manchester United at Celtic Park in the Champions League with a well executed lob over Ben Foster. Only three days later, McDonald continued to haunt his former club Motherwell with a low strike from outside the penalty area. Celtic won this match 2–0. On 27 December 2008, he scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory at Ibrox during the Old Firm derby, helping his team bring the three points home. On 27 January 2009, McDonald scored twice in the dramatic 11–10 penalty shoot-out victory against Dundee United to send Celtic through to the League Cup final, which they won 2–0 against archrivals Rangers. This win gave McDonald his first domestic cup trophy at Celtic.

McDonald scored his 49th and 50th Celtic goals at Pittodrie against Aberdeen on 2 May as Celtic ran out 3–1 winners. On 3 July, McDonald was handed the Celtic captaincy for a pre-season game against Brisbane Roar, due to the injury to Stephen McManus and the departure of vice-captain Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink. On 5 August, he scored the opening goal against Dynamo Moscow in Russia, a game which Celtic went on to win 2–0, to progress to the final qualifying round of the Champions League. On 5 December, McDonald scored his 50th league goal for Celtic against Aberdeen. McDonald scored a total of 64 goals for Celtic.

Middlesbrough
In early January 2010, Celtic rejected a transfer bid from Premier League side Wigan Athletic for the Australian striker, but on 1 February – transfer deadline day – Celtic sold McDonald to Middlesbrough for a reported £3.5 million. He joined up with Gordon Strachan, whom he played under at Celtic and Southampton, and also rejoined four of his former teammates, Willo Flood, Barry Robson, Chris Killen and Stephen McManus. On 16 February 2010, he missed a penalty against Blackpool in a 2–0 loss. McDonald scored his first Middlesbrough goal in the Tyne-Tees derby against Newcastle on 13 March. After a return from injury, McDonald scored three times in four games against Crystal Palace, Sheffield Wednesday and Coventry City.

McDonald made a bright start to the 2010–11 season scoring twice in his first two games against Ipswich and Chesterfield in the League Cup. On 9 November 2010, he scored the second in Middlesbrough's 2–0 win over Scunthorpe. On 1 March 2011, McDonald scored the opener in his team's 1–1 draw with Nottingham Forest, he followed this by scoring the leveller in his team's 2–1 victory at home to Watford on 19 March 2011. McDonald followed this by scoring twice in two games, in two draws against Ipswich Town and Barnsley. On 23 April 2011, McDonald scored a hat-trick in Middlesbrough's 2–4 away win at Hull.

McDonald scored his first goal of the 2011–12 season in a 3–1 victory over Barnsley on 16 August 2011. On 5 November 2011, he got his first in 12 matches, scoring the only goal in Middlesbrough's 1–0 victory over Watford at the Riverside. He scored a brace in Middlesbrough's 2–2 draw with Blackpool. On 10 December, McDonald scored the only goal of the game against Brighton, after a defensive error from Casper Ankergren. McDonald continued his impressive form, as he scored Boro's second in a 3–2 victory, over Welsh side Cardiff City. McDonald then scored in the New Year's Eve clash against Peterborough at the Riverside, the game finished 1–1.

On 6 October 2012, McDonald made his first appearance of the season against Watford, as a first half sub, coming on for teammate Justin Hoyte, in which McDonald scored the winner in a 2–1 victory. Continuing from the Watford game, McDonald came off the bench to score a brace in Middlesbrough's 2–1 win against Bolton. His form continued as he scored the winning goal in a Tees – Wear derby against Sunderland resulting in a 1–0 victory to the Boro.

Millwall
On 23 July 2013, McDonald signed a two-year contract with Millwall. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 victory over Charlton. McDonald left Millwall on 24 January 2015, with the club cancelling his contract.

Motherwell (second spell)
On 26 February 2015, McDonald signed for Motherwell for a second time, agreeing a contract until the end of the 2014–15 season. He made his second debut on 28 February 2015, in a 2–1 win against Inverness CT. He scored his first goal since returning to the club on 7 March 2015, scoring with a free-kick in a 1–1 draw against Kilmarnock.

On 21 July 2015, McDonald signed a new one-year contract, with the option of a second. On 1 July 2016, McDonald signed a new one-year contract to stay at Motherwell. Later that month, Motherwell rejected an offer from an unnamed A-League side, later revealed to be the Western Sydney Wanderers, for McDonald.

In May 2017, Motherwell announced that McDonald would be leaving the club after he had decided not to take up the option of another year on his contract.

Dundee United
Following his departure from Motherwell, McDonald was expected to return to Australia. However it was announced in July 2017 that he had signed for Scottish Championship club Dundee United on a one-year deal. After one season with United, McDonald was released at the end of his contract.

Partick Thistle
On 15 February 2019, McDonald came out of retirement to sign for Partick Thistle until the end of the season. McDonald scored on his debut for Thistle after coming off the bench in a 2–0 away win over Alloa. McDonald went on to play a massive role in helping Partick Thistle avoid relegation from the Scottish Championship, scoring 7 goals in 13 appearances in all competitions for the Jags. McDonald left the club at the end of the season to return to Australia.

Western United
On 8 May 2019, McDonald returned home to Melbourne and signed for new A-League club Western United ahead of the 2019–20 A-League season. His first goal for the new club came against Melbourne Victory in Round 4, scoring the winner in a come-from-behind 3–2 triumph.

Brisbane Roar
On 16 January 2020, McDonald joined Brisbane Roar under Robbie Fowler, signing an 18-month contract. He left on 24 April 2021 after a two-week absence from Roar fixtures.

Western Sydney Wanderers
On 28 April 2021, McDonald signed to the Western Sydney Wanderers for the remainder of the 2020–21 A-League season.

International career
Having represented Australia at under-17, under-20 and under-23 levels, McDonald made his international debut for Australia against Bahrain on 22 February 2006 in an Asian Cup qualifier. He played in the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. McDonald was a starter in the Australia squad that started off qualification for the 2010 World Cup with a 3–0 win over Qatar in February, setting up a goal for Mark Bresciano. On 11 May 2010 McDonald was named by Australian coach Pim Verbeek in a provisional 31-man squad for the 2010 World Cup. On 25 May it was announced that he had been omitted from the final 23-man squad for the finals.

McDonald's most recent appearance came on 15 August 2012 against Scotland coming on as a substitute in the second half, playing alongside fellow Middlesbrough teammate Rhys Williams. Australia went on to lose 3–1. He never scored for Australia during his international career.

Gold Coast Knights
Shortly after turning 38 years old, McDonald started his coaching career with National Premier Leagues club Gold Coast Knights (the same team his son played for at the time), after being named their head coach on 26 August 2021.

On 30 December 2021, during the FFA Cup round-of-16 match against Melbourne Victory, McDonald played as an emergency substitute, due to an injury to Cai Tipaldo; after extra-time, Victory gained a 2–1 win.

Honours
AFC Bournemouth
 * Football League Third Division play-offs: 2003

Motherwell
 * Scottish League Cup runner-up: 2004–05
 * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2015

Celtic
 * Scottish Premier League: 2007–08
 * Scottish League Cup: 2008–09

Australia
 * Asian Cup runner-up: 2011

Australia U20
 * OFC U-20 Championship: 2001, 2002

Australia U17
 * FIFA U-17 World Championship runner-up: 1999

Individual
 * Motherwell Player of the Year: 2004–05
 * BBC Sportsound Player of the Year: 2006–07
 * PFA Scotland Team of the Year: 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
 * OFC U-20 Championship Top Scorer: 2002
 * SPL Top Scorer: 2007–08
 * SPL Player of the Month: September 2004, September 2007, March 2009

title: Scott McDonald


text:
User:Whooligan

Whooligan, Juiz de Fora, Brasil.

For more info, see my user page on lusophon Wikipedia.

title: User:Whooligan


text:
Constitution of the Maldives

The Constitution of the Maldives (ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޤާނޫނު އަސާސީ) is the supreme law of the country of Maldives. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the Republic of Maldives, sets out the rights and duties of the citizens of the Maldives, and defines the structure of the Government of the Maldives. The current Constitution of the Maldives was ratified by the then president, Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, on 7 August 2008, and came into effect immediately, replacing and repealing the Constitution of 1998.

The current constitution is known by its short title, Constitution of the Republic of Maldives, 2008.

History
The first written Constitution of the Maldives was codified in the early twentieth century, on 22 December 1932 during the thirtieth year of the reign of Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen Iskander III.

A thirteen-member committee began work on drafting the constitution on 22 March 1931. The acting Governor of Ceylon Bernard Henry Bourdillon provided technical expertise in its composition, however his recommendations were not all accepted. A first draft was completed on 16 June 1931.

With the ratification of the first Constitution of the Maldives on 22 December 1932, the first semblance of representative government came into effect. A set of credentials for the King was established – these state the King must be sane man, be of the Sunni Muslim faith and be from the ruling family. A cabinet of ministers and a parliament comprising forty seven members was also established.

The first constitution had 92 articles and a bill of rights guaranteeing equality before the law, freedom from arbitrary arrest and torture, protection of private property, freedom of expression, association and press, and a pension after 25 years of service to the state.

Though a milestone, historical records note that the Maldives' first Constitution failed within nine months of ratification.

The newly established People's Majlis passed 40 laws during its short tenure. The new legislation established fines, penalised theft and assault, created a state trading company and regulated foreign trade through a Foreign Investments Act and Freighters Act. The new laws angered the public and influential foreign traders in the Maldives. Foreign traders who had a monopoly on imported food started a series of strikes on 26 July 1933, demanding that the new government's policies be repealed.

The result of the ensuing food insecurity was a public revolt. The founders of the constitution were banished to Colombo and the constitution was amended to 84 articles in June 1934. The Maldives' first constitution was reduced to 80 articles in 1937 and finally suspended shortly after World War II broke in 1940. A special Majlis at the time stated, "The Constitution and General Provisions have been annulled as they do not fit the Maldives' situation".

On 23 April 1942, Sultan Hassan Nooradeen sent a 17 article constitution to the Majlis saying he wanted "a suitable constitution to exist in the Maldives".

The "small constitution" handed the powers of the state to the monarchy, the foreign minister, and the People's Majlis. The People's Majlis was reduced to 6 appointed members and 27 elected members. In 1950, the People's Majlis voted to abolish the monarchy and institute a republican government in the Maldives. In 1951 freedom from arbitrary arrest and banishment and freedom of expression, speech and association was reinstated. A public referendum endorsed the change and a third constitution on 1 January 1953 established a presidential system of government in the Maldives for the first time. The 34 member People's Majlis' term was set to five years.

The new democratic constitution comprising 30 articles established a president to be elected through a direct vote, a judiciary appointed by the president and a bicameral legislature – an 18-member Senate and a 47-member House of Representatives.

The new constitution also limited the presidential term to five years, but appointed Al-Ameer Mohamed Ameen Dhoshimeynaa Kilegefaanu as the first president of the Maldives. For the first time in Maldivian history, a woman was elected to the parliament.

However, the Maldives' first republic was short-lived. A revolution on 21 August 1953 abolished the Republic. The country reverted to a Sultanate on 31 January 1954. The change was followed by the ratification of the fourth Constitution of Maldives on 7 March 1954. The fourth constitution declared the Maldives to be an "elected monarchy".

A unicameral legislature was reinstated with 54 members, of which 6 were to represent the king, 46 to represent the people and two to represent businessmen. Only Maldivian men could vote to elect the People's Majlis.

Shortly after the Maldives won independence from the British Empire, the fourth constitution was repealed and a Second Republic was established under the rule of President Ibrahim Nasir in 1968. The new constitution, ratified on 11 November 1968, declared the Maldives "an independent and free state". According to the fifth constitution, the president of the Maldives was to be elected through a secret vote of the 54 member People's Majlis. This constitution was amended thrice, in 1970, 1972 and 1975 respectively.

In 1980, the second president of the second republic Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom called for a special constitutional assembly consisting of cabinet ministers and People's Majlis members to amend the new constitution.

After an 18-year long process, the fifth constitution of the Maldives was amended for the fourth time in 1998. Notable amendments included clauses permitting any individual who wished to stand for presidency to submit an application to the People's Majlis. The Majlis would then choose a candidate who then had to be approved through a public referendum.

2008 Constitution
In September 2003, unprecedented anti-government riots broke out in Male, sparked by deaths of four prison inmates. The September riots came shortly after the Majlis had unanimously endorsed President Maumoon as the sole candidate for a record sixth term in office.

In October 2003, Maumoon was elected by 90.3 percent of the popular vote. In his inaugural address, Gayoom promised various political reforms. Maumoon's first steps were to institute a human rights commission in 2003 to investigate abuses and to establish a constitutional assembly in May 2004 to draft a democratic constitution. The constitution was to guarantee separation of powers and a multi-party democracy.

The constitutional assembly—the People's Special Majlis— consisted of 29 appointees, along with 42 elected members of the regular Majlis and a further 42 elected members.

The drafting process was slow with rival political parties at loggerheads over several issues including the opposition proposed adoption of a parliamentary system in the Maldives. A public referendum was called in August 2007, and 60 percent of the public backed a presidential system of government.

The sixth constitution of the Maldives, written over a period of 4 years, was completed in June 2008 and ratified by the president on 7 August 2008. The new constitution introduced a whole new set of democratic rights, enshrined the separation of powers and introduced mechanisms for accountability and transparency. It paved the way for Maldives' first multi-party elections in October 2008. This new constitution includes a judiciary run by an independent commission, and independent commissions to oversee elections and fight corruption. It also reduces the executive powers vested under the president and strengthens the parliament. Among other changes, it states that "a non-Muslim may not become a citizen of the Maldives".

The 2008 Constitution of the Maldives also requires the following for a president: be a Maldivian citizen born to parents who are Maldivian citizens, and who is not also a citizen of a foreign country; be a Muslim and a follower of a Sunni school of Islam. To be a member of the People's Majlis it requires the following: a citizen of the Maldives; is not a citizen of a foreign country; and is a Muslim and a follower of a Sunni school of Islam.

Features
The constitution consists of a preamble, fourteen chapters followed by three schedules. Each chapter and schedule focus on a specific topic. The following is a list of chapters and schedules and the focus of each.

Chapters

 * Chapter 1 - State, Sovereignty and Citizens
 * Chapter 2 - Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
 * Chapter 3 - The People's Majlis
 * Chapter 4 - The President
 * Chapter 5 - The Cabinet of Ministries
 * Chapter 6 - The Judiciary
 * Chapter 7 - Independent Commissions and Offices
 * Chapter 8 - Decentralised Administration
 * Chapter 9 - Security Services
 * Chapter 10 - Properties, Liabilities and Legal Actions of the State
 * Chapter 11 - State of Emergency
 * Chapter 12 - Amendment of the Constitution
 * Chapter 14 - Transitional Matters

Schedules

 * Schedule 1 - Oaths of Office
 * Schedule 2 - Administrative Divisions
 * Schedule 3 - National Flag

Amendments
, there has been 1 amendment made to the Constitution of the Maldives, since it was enacted in 2008.

title: Constitution of the Maldives


text: User talk:206.72.65.150

title: User talk:206.72.65.150


text:
Polyhedroid

Polyhedroid may refer to:

 * A 4-polytope
 * A form of agate crystal

title: Polyhedroid


text:
Doug Mahnke

Douglas Mahnke is an American comic book artist, known for his work and penciling books including The Mask, JLA, Batman, Final Crisis, and Green Lantern.

Career
Mahnke's first prominent work was for The Mask, and he has since worked for DC Comics on JLA, Batman with writer Judd Winick, and Seven Soldiers: Frankenstein with Grant Morrison. Mahnke's work on Batman included the story "Under the Hood", which detailed how the previously deceased second Robin, Jason Todd, was alive and actively working against Batman's interests as the Red Hood. Mahnke also worked on the critically acclaimed prestige one-shot Batman: The Man Who Laughs with writer Ed Brubaker.

His work also includes titles such as Major Bummer, Superman: The Man of Steel, Team Zero and Justice League Elite. He was the original artist for the Dark Horse Comics title X, a run inked by Jimmy Palmiotti, as well as being the cover artist for King Tiger/Motorhead, a two-issue series set in the same universe as X. In 2005, with comic book inker Tom Nguyen, Mahnke produced two comic book art instructional DVDs. In 2006, he took over the art for Stormwatch P.H.D. for Wildstorm Comics. His work in 2007 included the DC mini, Black Adam: The Dark Age written by Peter Tomasi, detailing Black Adam's mourning over his wife Isis and regaining his powers. In 2008, he reunited with Tomasi to pencil an issue of Nightwing for the writer.

Mahnke was an important collaborator with writer Grant Morrison on DC's event series Final Crisis, pencilling the Requiem one-shot and the two-issue Superman Beyond 3D tie-in. Mahnke also pencilled the final pages of the main series' 6th issue featuring the "death" of Batman, and replaced artist J. G. Jones entirely on the series finale issue #7 over concerns of Jones' speed.

Starting in July 2009, Mahnke became the ongoing artist for DC's Green Lantern with writer Geoff Johns, right at the beginning of the Blackest Night storyline.

He drew The Multiversity: Ultra Comics (May 2015), the eighth issue of Grant Morrison's The Multiversity project.

Interior work

 * Homicide (with John Arcudi, Dark Horse):
 * Dark Horse Presents #25–29 (anthology, 1988–1989)
 * Homicide Special: "The Hungry Gods" (one-shot, 1990)
 * The Mask (with John Arcudi, Dark Horse):
 * Mayhem #1–4: "The Mask" (anthology, 1989)
 * The Mask #1–4 + The Mask Returns #1–4 + The Mask Strikes Back #1–5 (1991; 1992–1993; 1995)
 * A Decade of Dark Horse #3: "Night of the Return of the Living Ipkiss...Kinda" (anthology, 1996)
 * Walter: Campaign of Terror #1–4 (1996)
 * Lobo/Mask #1–2 (with Alan Grant, 1997)
 * X #1–5, 9 (with Steven Grant, Dark Horse, 1994)
 * Aliens: Stronghold #1–4 (with John Arcudi, Dark Horse, 1994)
 * Silver Sable and the Wild Pack #26 (with John Arcudi, Marvel, 1994)
 * Major Bummer #1–15 (with John Arcudi, DC Comics, 1997–1998)
 * Gen13 vol. 2 #38: "The Roar of the Greasepaint" (with John Arcudi, co-feature, Wildstorm, 1999)
 * Superman: The Man of Steel #87–89, 91, 93, 95–98, 100, 102–105, 107–108, 110–111, 114–118 (with Mark Schultz, DC Comics, 1999–2001)
 * Superman and Batman: World's Funnest: "Last Imp Standing!" (with Evan Dorkin, among other artists, one-shot, DC Comics, 2000)
 * Hitman/Lobo: That Stupid Bastich! (with Garth Ennis, one-shot, DC Comics, 2000)
 * Martian Manhunter vol. 3 #24: "Revelations, Part Five" (with John Ostrander, DC Comics, 2000)
 * Superman: Lex 2000: "Where Were You" (with Jeph Loeb, anthology one-shot, DC Comics, 2001)
 * Action Comics (DC Comics):
 * "What's So Funny About Truth, Justice and the American Way?" (with Joe Kelly and Lee Bermejo, in #775, 2001)
 * "Superman Reborn, Parts Two and Four" (with Dan Jurgens, in #975–976, 2017)
 * JLA #61–68, 70, 72, 74–75, 78–79, 84–89, 100 (with Joe Kelly, DC Comics, 2002–2004)
 * Justice League Elite #1–12 (with Joe Kelly, DC Comics, 2004–2005)
 * JLA/Cyberforce (with Joe Kelly, one-shot, DC Comics/Top Cow, 2005)
 * Masks: Too Hot for TV!: "Introduction" (with Ed Brubaker, anthology one-shot, Eye of the Storm, 2004)
 * DC Comics Presents: The Flash: "Flash Back!" (with Dennis O'Neil, anthology one-shot, DC Comics, 2004)
 * Batman: The Man Who Laughs (with Ed Brubaker, graphic novel, DC Comics, 2005)
 * Batman #635–639, 641, 645, 647–648 (with Judd Winick, DC Comics, 2005–2006)
 * Seven Soldiers: Frankenstein #1–4 (with Grant Morrison, DC Comics, 2006)
 * Team Zero #1–6 (with Chuck Dixon, Wildstorm, 2006)
 * Stormwatch P.H.D. (with Christos Gage, Wildstorm):
 * Worldstorm #1: "Stormwatch" (anthology, 2006)
 * "Post-Human Division" (in #1–4 and 6–7, 2007)
 * Black Adam: The Dark Age #1–6 (with Peter Tomasi, DC Comics, 2007–2008)
 * Countdown #8, 3 (with Scott Beatty, "Origins" co-features, DC Comics, 2008)
 * Final Crisis (DC Comics):
 * Final Crisis: Requiem (with Peter Tomasi, one-shot, 2008)
 * Final Crisis: Superman Beyond #1–2 (with Grant Morrison, 2008–2009)
 * Final Crisis #6-7 (with Grant Morrison, J. G. Jones and Carlos Pacheco, DC Comics, 2009)
 * Nightwing #151: "The Great Leap, Epilogue" (with Peter Tomasi and Shawn Moll, DC Comics, 2008)
 * Justice League of America (DC Comics):
 * "The Second Coming, Part Four" (with Dwayne McDuffie, among other artists, in vol. 2 #25, 2008)
 * "Trinity War" (with Geoff Johns and Jeff Lemire, in vol. 3 #6–7, 2013)
 * "Paradise Lost" (with Matt Kindt, in vol. 3 #8, 2013)
 * Green Lantern vol. 4 #43–48, 50–62, 64–67 and vol. 5 #1–5, 7–11, 0, 13–17, 20 (with Geoff Johns, DC Comics, 2009–2013)
 * Justice League (DC Comics):
 * "Injustice League" (with Geoff Johns and Ivan Reis (#35), in vol. 2 #25, 29–33 and 35, 2014)
 * "Legion of Doom, Part One" (with James Tynion IV, in vol. 4 #5, 2018)
 * "Invasion of the Supermen" (with Robert Venditti, in vol. 4 #40 and 43, 2020)
 * Batman and Robin vol. 2 #31, Annual #2 (with Peter Tomasi and Patrick Gleason, DC Comics, 2014)
 * Secret Origins vol. 3 #1: "The Secret Origin of Dick Grayson!" (with Kyle Higgins, anthology, DC Comics, 2014)
 * The Multiversity: Ultra Comics: "Ultra Comics Lives!" (with Grant Morrison, one-shot, 2015)
 * Superman/Wonder Woman #13–26 (with Peter Tomasi, Ed Benes (#15–17) and Tom Derenick + Ardian Syaf (#24), DC Comics, 2015–2016)
 * Batman/Superman #31–32: "The Final Days of Superman, Parts Two and Three" (with Peter Tomasi, DC Comics, 2016)
 * Superman vol. 4 Rebirth, #5, 8–9, 12–13, 22–25, 29, 33–34, 36, 40, 44 (with Peter Tomasi, Patrick Gleason and James Robinson (#40), DC Comics, 2016–2018)
 * Dark Nights: Metal (with Scott Snyder, James Tynion IV and Joshua Williamson, DC Comics):
 * Batman Lost (with Jorge Jiménez and Yanick Paquette, one-shot, 2018)
 * The Wild Hunt (with Grant Morrison, Jorge Jiménez and Howard Porter, one-shot, 2018)
 * Detective Comics #994–1000, 1008, 1012–1016 (with Peter Tomasi, DC Comics, 2018–2020)

Covers only

 * Dark Horse Presents #49, 64, 134 (Dark Horse, 1991–1998)
 * Dr. Giggles #1–2 (Dark Horse, 1992)
 * Comics' Greatest World: Arcadia #4 (Dark Horse, 1993)
 * Comics' Greatest World: Vortex #1 (Dark Horse, 1993)
 * Out of the Vortex #1 (Dark Horse, 1993)
 * Barb Wire: Ace of Spades #3–4 (Dark Horse, 1996)
 * King Tiger and Motorhead #1–2 (Dark Horse, 1996)
 * Randy Bowen's Decapitator #1 (Dark Horse, 1998)
 * The Mask: Toys in the Attic #1–4 (Dark Horse, 1998)
 * Space Bunnies Must Die! #1 (Dark Horse, 1998)
 * Superman: Secret Files #2 (DC Comics, 1999)
 * Superman: The Man of Steel #99, 101 (DC Comics, 2000)
 * Batman #573 (DC Comics, 2000)
 * Superman vol. 2 #158 (DC Comics, 2000)
 * Action Comics #767, 1000 (DC Comics, 2000; 2018)
 * Adventures of Superman #580, 629 (DC Comics, 2000; 2004)
 * JLA #69, 71, 73, 76, 80–83, 90–93 (DC Comics, 2002–2004)
 * Outsiders vol. 3 #18–19, 21–23 (DC Comics, 2005)
 * Stormwatch P.H.D. #5 (Wildstorm, 2007)
 * Number of the Beast #1 (Wildstorm, 2008)
 * Nightwing #144 (DC Comics, 2008)
 * JLA: Classified #39 (DC Comics, 2008)
 * Blackest Night: Tales of the Corps #3 (DC Comics, 2009)
 * Blackest Night #8 (DC Comics, 2009)
 * inFamous #1–2 (DC Comics, 2011)
 * Flashpoint: Frankenstein and the Creatures of the Unknown #1–3 (DC Comics, 2011)
 * DC Universe Online: Legends #16–17 (DC Comics, 2011–2012)
 * Green Lantern Corps vol. 2 #1 (DC Comics, 2011)
 * Green Lantern vol. 5 #6, 12, 38, 50 (DC Comics, 2012–2016)
 * Team 7 vol. 2 #1 (DC Comics, 2012)
 * Justice League vol. 2 #23 (DC Comics, 2013)
 * Justice League Dark #23 (DC Comics, 2013)
 * Justice League of America vol. 3 #9 (DC Comics, 2013)
 * Earth 2 #17 (DC Comics, 2014)
 * Sinestro #1 (DC Comics, 2014)
 * Suicide Squad vol. 4 #30 (DC Comics, 2014)
 * Batman: Black and White vol. 2 #6 (DC Comics, 2014)
 * Sensation Comics vol. 2 Chapter 36 (DC Digital, 2015)
 * Harley Quinn vol. 3 #1 (DC Comics, 2016)
 * Superman vol. 4 #6, 30 (DC Comics, 2016–2017)
 * Green Lantern/Space Ghost #1 (Hanna-Barbera, 2017)
 * Justice League of America vol. 5 #1–25 (DC Comics, 2017–2018)
 * Hal Jordan and the Green Lantern Corps #45, 48 (DC Comics, 2018)
 * Gotham City Garage Chapter 23 (DC Digital, 2018)
 * Super Sons/Dynomutt #1 (Hanna-Barbera, 2018)
 * Cursed Comics Cavalcade #1 (DC Comics, 2018)
 * Supergirl vol. 7 #25 (DC Comics, 2019)
 * Swamp Thing Giant #1 (DC Comics, 2019)
 * Detective Comics #1009 (DC Comics, 2019)

title: Doug Mahnke


text: User talk:67.77.147.254

title: User talk:67.77.147.254


text:
Talk:Nacka Municipality

I dont understand the following sentence under Geography :

After the municipal reform in 1971-74, the town Nacka is considered a part of the City of Stockholm and not an independant town

Since the municipal reform, there are no towns in sweden any longer, therefore there is no City of Stockholm. Nacka and Stockholm are two different municipalities. Jordgubbe 21:07, 23 July 2005 (UTC) (citizen of Nacka municipality)

 * I will try to change that to something better. Stockholm and Nacka are two different municipalities within the very same urban area. You are certainly a Swede, so you know how it works here. But for other people it must be explained in a better way. --Muniswede 16:04, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I had actually corrected the particular portion that Jordgubbe refered to shortly after he wrote it, so it might not apply any more. But sure, it might still be confusing. / Fred-Chess 22:09, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nacka Municipality


text:
Rock Point Provincial Park

Rock Point Provincial Park is a park located on the north shore of Lake Erie near the mouth of the Grand River in the Carolinian zone of southwestern Ontario. It occupies an area of 1.87 km2.

Habitats within the park include wetlands, forests and dunes. Trees include the uncommon Big Shellbark Hickory. Limestone shelves along the lake shore contain the fossils of marine animals from the Devonian period. The fossil beds also contain deposits of chert, a stone similar to flint which was worked to produce stone points. An archeological survey of the park revealed a late paleo-Indian camp, which showed evidence that the people were working the chert as well as fishing in the lake.

Located above the fossil beds is a red clay bluff which separates the campgrounds from the Lake.

There is also a sandy beach for swimming.

A bird banding station has been set up for monitoring bird migration.

title: Rock Point Provincial Park


text:
Talk:Amy Weber

Disambiguation!
Where's Amy Weber, the fantasy artist? Here's one of the hundreds of artworks she's done for Wizards of the Coast's Magic: The Gathering Collectible Card Game product: http://www.trollandtoad.com/p89741.html

Sexuality
Why is she categorized as LBGT? I can't find any references to her sexuality. Does anyone have a source for this? I'd like to subcategorize. Cleduc 21:09, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree. I'm removing the cat. --Tysto 03:46, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Deletion
Why are we deleting this i'm taking this off--Cowboy From Hell 20:48, 18 August 2006 (UTC)DJ BatWave

 * just add your comments to its deletion page... i some how doubt this page will get deleted just let it run its course--- Paulley 21:10, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Tried to tidy up a bit
Mostly swapping sections around; I hope the way I've organised things makes sense. Also I deleted the line "She is a Brunette with brown eyes and measurments of 34C-24-34 who has appeared in Playboy" from the introductory paragraph - the paragraph already states that she is a model & her specific Playboy appearances are mentioned elsewhere in the article. As for her measurements/appearance, I can't really find a place for them in the article as it is at the moment, they def don't belong in the introduction anyway, so if people agree that they should be included then perhaps they could be integrated into that wrestling box on the right somehow? KZF 04:07, 27 August 2006 (UTC) I found a lot more TV, film & theatre appearances, but i) some of the TV shows and films need linking to their articles or do not have articles yet and ii) there is a more comprehensive list on her website which gives a better idea as to which appearances are the most notable. This will help with the linking too. Also need to look at Disambiguation suggestion above. I'll try to edit this later but if anyone else wants a go feel free KZF 13:18, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Concern that we're not getting some info right
Hi. I'd like to ask the editors here to come up with some sources for the subject's age, height, and date of birth (keeping in mind that IMDB is not a reliable source). I've removed them as needing citation, and removed an awkward section at the end. I've also removed a gossipy, unsourced paragraph that failed Biographies of living people. I realise that we don't typically cite vital statistics, but I'd appreciate it if we took the time here to make sure that we're getting them right. Thanks. Jkelly 00:12, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Amy Weber