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Post-tribulation rapture

The post-tribulation rapture doctrine is the belief in a combined resurrection and rapture, or gathering of the saints, after the Great Tribulation.

This differs from the pre-tribulation rapture theory which claims the rapture will happen before the Great Tribulation; the mid-tribulation rapture theory which claims the rapture will happen during the middle of the Great Tribulation, usually during the Abomination of Desolation mentioned in the Olivet Discourse; the pre-wrath rapture theory which claims the rapture will happen during the seventh trumpet of Revelation, but before the bowl judgments; and the partial rapture theory, which, although unpopular, claims there will be multiple raptures during the Great Tribulation.

Doctrine
The post-tribulation gathering of the saints position believes that there is a resurrection of both dead and living believers in Jesus Christ at the end of the age (or the "end time"). Post-tribulationists believe that Christians will remain on the Earth throughout the 7-year tribulation period which includes the last three and a half years, which some call the "Great Tribulation". The distinguishing feature of the post-tribulation view is that it believes the gathering of the saints will occur after a 7-year tribulation period and not before as in the pre-tribulation view. However, there are some post-tribulation proponents who do not hold to a 7 year tribulation period, but believe there are only 3-1/2 years left of the 70th week which Jesus calls the "great tribulation" in Matthew 24.

The "great tribulation" period starts with the appearing of the abomination of desolation (Matthew ) and ends at the Battle of Armageddon (Revelation ). Believers in Jesus Christ will be taken up (or raptured) to meet Christ in the air at the Second Coming of Christ immediately after the Great Tribulation, just before the Battle of Armageddon and then return with him as Christ descends to the Earth, to usher in the Millennium—the 1,000-year reign of Christ on Earth. This is usually understood as being in line with historic premillennialism.

Evidence for a post-tribulation rapture includes Revelation, which calls the resurrection of tribulation martyrs after the Second Advent in the previous chapter "the first resurrection" in verse 5. The resurrection of believers at the gathering of the saints is "the first resurrection" and therefore the gathering of the saints must be after the Great Tribulation. Additional evidence for this view lies in Matthew 24, when Christ gives what appears to be a chronological sequencing of events.

Biblical sources
For additional references, see also the parallel passages from Mark 13:24-27 and Luke 21:20-28. While the passages in Luke 21 parallels Matthew and Mark, it offers a couple of interesting clarifications. This passage in Luke offers interesting references to some of the major events which are greatly elaborated on in the Book of Revelation. Reading all three books of the Bible in parallel, it would appear that Luke elaborates on the "abomination of desolation" describing Jerusalem being surrounded by the armies of the world and of Jerusalem's imminent destruction (Luke 21:20).

Paul's statement "the dead in Christ will rise first" (1 Thessalonians 4:16) can be seen as having its fulfillment (according to a literalist reading of the letter of the biblical text) only after the end of the tribulation (Revelation chapters 6–19) after Satan has been bound (Revelation 20:1-3), and at the beginning of the millennial reign, when "They came to life, and reigned with Christ a thousand years. The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and they shall reign with him a thousand years."

Another account which lends support to the idea of a post-tribulation rapture is in 2 Peter 3:10-13, where the idea of "The Day of the Lord" coming as a "thief in the night" comes from. This idea of imminence, according to the post-tribulation view, only applies to the wicked and the spiritually unprepared people that are still alive before the return of Christ. Therefore, only God's elect will fully have a clear understanding of the timing of the second coming, and Christ's coming will not catch the believers by surprise, but only those who are spiritually ignorant regarding the truth. In the passage of 2 Peter 3:10-13, Christ's return is equated with the "elements being melted", and "the earth also and the works therein shall be burned up". Two opposing views, pre-tribulationism and mid-tribulationism, see the rapture and the Second Coming (or Greek, parousia) of Christ as separate events; while in post-tribulationism the two events are identical or simultaneous.

Another key difference between the pre-, mid-, and post-tribulationism is the number of times that Jesus Christ must return. Although it is not directly referenced, in both the pre- and mid-tribulation raptures, Christ must then return a third time, at the end of the tribulation period.

The belief is that God's elect from all ages will be translated from mortal bodies into immortal glorified bodies at the second coming of Christ and that this will be at the end of the age. This event, it is believed, will come at the conclusion of what is termed the 70th week of Daniel, the final seven years of this present age. This view was held by the early Church Fathers and has been held by Christians since that time. The doctrine of the post-tribulation rapture is today held by a growing number of evangelical Christians. For post-tribulationists concerned about the recent decline of Christian faith, doctrine, and morals in the western church, an important reason to advance the post-tribulation rapture doctrine relates to the importance of preparation of believers for "witness under trial".

Another idea is that following the Great Tribulation, the False Prophet, or the "beast out of the earth" and the Antichrist or the "beast out of the sea" will be condemned upon Jesus Christ's return, and all those who endured or died for Christ's return will be raptured to heaven and, following the Millennium, Satan will be condemned and the remaining dead believers will be raised and raptured into the new heaven.

Post-tribulationists broadly base their doctrine on the complementary concepts that a two-phase pre-tribulation rapture is never mentioned explicitly in the Bible, and that the "whole counsel of Scripture" seems to clearly teach that the resurrection and rapture of the Church will be the result of the visible, physical second coming of Jesus Christ to Earth and that Christians are to look and watch for that event.

and both mention the same individuals (Jesus, his angels) and the same events (Jesus coming, the trumpet of God, and the gathering of the elect) in the same order. The latter passage written by the Apostle Paul is seen as being based on the former because of the usage of "by the word of the Lord" in verse 15 and that they are talking about the same event, but the first passage is explicitly dated "after the tribulation", and the second is where we get the term rapture.

Contrasting opinion maintains that the passages are not talking about the same event despite some similarities because of details that are absent between the two passages and that the rapture event was a "mystery" until it was revealed in First Corinthians which the Thessalonian recipients would have been unaware.

Post-tribulationists respond to the opposing views of pre-tribulationists in a variety of ways. Some post-tribulationalists see the rapture and the second coming of Christ as part of one main event. Support for this claim is found in 2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 in part because of the way Paul introduces his topic, "Now concerning the coming of our Lord and our gathering together with him." This was an ancient way of introducing your topic of discussion and later Paul refers back to the two nouns at least twice as "the Day of the Lord" or "that day." Thus, "the coming" and "gathering" seem to be two ways of referring to one event, "the day of the Lord."

It seems impractical for Paul to go to great lengths describing the coming of the Antichrist (and the falling away) to the Thessalonians in order to calm them down that the day of Christ's reign on earth had not happened yet if they were not going to be there for it as maintained by the pre-tribulational position. He would be more comforting by reminding them that they wouldn't be present for it than to precisely detail his recognition and say "Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction".

The most common passage used in defending a pre-tribulational position is. This passage alone does not mention where the gathered ones finally end up but that those who are alive will be caught up to meet Christ in the air and always be with the Lord. Rather it mentions the dead rising, Christ's coming, angels, the trumpet of God along with the gathering of the elect and all of these participants are present in, which is clearly a second coming passage even agreed to by pre-tribulationalists. The author, the Apostle Paul says the rapture will occur "at the last trumpet". To be consistent with this trumpet call must occur after the tribulation. In the same way, mentions the first resurrection after the second coming in. By definition, there can be no trumpet call after the last one, and no resurrection before the first.

Linguistic support for a one-event second coming are in the words "meet" and "coming" in. The meet in and in  (a second coming parable) refers to the custom of people going out to meet a dignitary as he was approaching their city before he got there, and accompanying or welcoming him back to where they came from. This is also the usage in of those going out to meet Paul as he headed toward them in Rome. Also, the Greek term parousia has the idea of a grand dignitary making his arrival to a certain location. The rest of the passage supports this grand arrival with his coming being heralded with trumpet, angels, and a surging 'city' of gathered believers going out to meet him. Who more grand than the Lord Jesus Christ at his coming to reign on earth? This passage lends more weight to the post-tribulational position.

Another strength for this position is Paul saying when the church would receive rest for its suffering. It would take place at the revealing of Jesus Christ with fire and judgment and at this time those who were afflicting the church at Thessalonica would be repaid for such treatment. No mention is made of a pre-tribulational removal but that rest comes at his coming and so does judgment.

A passage much debated regarding the timing of the rapture is, which speaks of the Philadelphian church being "kept from the hour of trial which is about to come upon the whole earth to test those who dwell on the earth." The debate centers around the phrase "kept from" which could be taken to mean "physical removal from" (Pre-trib) or "preservation from or in the midst of" (Post-trib). However, the verse denotes that the testing is for "those who dwell on the earth." This is a common phrase referring to unbelievers. Later in Revelation, on at least 3 occasions, the saints are "sealed" and kept out of harm's way when God pours out specific judgments which only affect his unbelieving enemies.

John highlights the idea that Christians are preserved by God through tribulation rather than removed: "I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil. (John 17:15)"

This passage is one of the most blunt verses, showing that Jesus himself did not want the Christians taken out of the world in order to protect them from evil but had the intention of preservation in the midst of it. This is a place where pre-tribulationism lacks linguistic favor because this verse and are the only places where the exact phrase tereo ek translated from Greek into keep from are found and that by the same author, the disciple John.

The pretribulational argument that there are 'two phases' to Christ's coming (a rapture and a later second advent) runs into difficulties with, which nearly equates Christ's ascension to heaven with his second coming. Logically, the second coming cannot have two phases if the ascension only had one. This eliminates two phases of his coming with a 7-year interval. Likewise, heaven must "receive" or contain Jesus "until the period of restoration of all things about which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from ancient time". Most scholars see this "restoration of all things" as the one-thousand year reign of Christ on earth (as prophesied in the Old Testament) which begins just after the second advent. If Christ is to remain in heaven until this coming rule of his according to these verses (see also Hebrews 9:27,28), it would seem the next main prophetic event would be the second coming rather than him coming 7 years prior to get the church, bring them back to heaven, and then leaving heaven for earth again as the pre-tribulational rapture position indicates.

Pre-tribulational usage of can also be counterbalanced. In this eschatological scenario, explains what happens to the people that are "taken": the eagles gather together at their [dead] bodies. Do they eat them? "Taken" may also have the idea of judgment and that is referring to the unmistakable visual nature of the second coming. Even the disciples are warned not to believe reports that Christ has come if they have not seen it "for just as the lightning, when it flashes out of one part of the sky, shines to the other part of the sky, so will the Son of Man be in His day. Many take the fact that vultures hovering over a dead body is clearly visible from a great distance away to mean that the second coming will be clearly visible and will not be hidden. It seems that can be compared to, which reads that the fowls are invited to a feast—on the flesh of men, small and great, at the Lord's coming.

The parable in explains that the unsaved (tares) are destroyed first before the saved (wheat) are addressed. This parable describes what the kingdom of heaven is like and it uses agricultural metaphor to explain that believers and unbelievers will remain together until the harvest. When is the harvest? Well, when Jesus explains the parable. he says the harvest is the "end of the age" in verse 39. At that time he sends his angels to destroy the tares while the wheat (believers) remain and shine forth as the sun in his father's kingdom. This seems to fit better with the rapture and the second coming being one event rather than a time gap of 7 years.

, speaks of the "Day of the Lord" and that "On that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives" This exactly parallels the angel's statement in, "that as He left so shall He return." Tying this with, we see all the living and dead Christians are gathered to Jesus at that time. Going back to we read, "Then the LORD my God will come, and all the holy ones with him." This inexorably links the return of Jesus to the glorification and "rapture" of Christians to him.

In Jesus says to the faithful at Thyatira, "Nevertheless what you have, hold fast until I come." In other words, 'hold onto the truth of the Christian faith and its obedience amidst the false teaching of Jezebel and her sins, until My coming again.' Pre-trib commentators agree this could be talking about the second coming of Christ (John MacArthur, Robert L. Thomas). Would Jesus say hold on to the faith until I come again if they were not going to be there when he returned, but would have already been raptured? Expositor's Bible Commentary also makes this assertion.

"Be patient, therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord. Behold the farmer waits for the precious produce of the soil, being patient about it, until it gets the early and late rains. You too be patient; strengthen your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is at hand."

They are to be patient amidst persecution until when? Until the coming (parousia) of the Lord. Parousia is well known to mean "presence" and refers to his second coming many times in the New Testament. The farming analogy seems to indicate that the farmer is aware of the coming rains just as the believer is aware of coming end time events. For example, Jesus warned "when you see these things begin to take place [end time signs in the sun, moon, and stars / world chaos], straighten up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near." This manner of expectancy is objected to on the grounds that it destroys the idea of Christ's rapture of the church being imminent, or able to occur at any moment. But imminent probably doesn't mean 'at any moment' in the New Testament. Many New Testament passages implicitly rule out an "any second" imminency (Matthew 24:45-51...25:5,19;Luke 19:11-27;John 21:18-19...Acts 9:15...). At the very least apostles Peter and Paul could not have believed in this kind of imminency because Peter was told by Jesus what manner of death he was to die and that it would take place many years later. Jesus said, "Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to gird yourself, and walk wherever you wished; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands [be crucified], and someone else will gird you, and bring you where you do not wish to go." Could Peter think the rapture was at any moment with this enduring prediction by Jesus? Also, it was told of Paul that he would bear Christ's name "before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel" and that God would "show him how much he is to suffer for My name's sake." Does an any-moment rapture fit with such a massive missionary plan revealed by God for Paul's life which took decades to complete? Jesus encouraged the first disciples and all Christians, to look for certain events which would indicate his coming was "at the doors." This coupled with other passages like, seems to indicate moral watchfulness, waiting in expectancy, and sobriety ("be sober") and that the wrath of that day will overtake those in darkness (unbelievers) like a thief "but you, brethren, are not in darkness, that the day should overtake you like a thief." Thus a different concept of imminency emerges.

Jesus, speaking chronologically in the Olivet Discourse regarding end time events, goes from the escalation of troubling times beginning in the 1st century and the present age (highlighting the destruction of Jerusalem by Rome in A.D. 70) to the time of tribulation and then to his second coming without any mention of a prior removal of the church 7 or 3.5 years before it. One author sees Jesus as advocating a "delay" between the destruction of Jerusalem and his second advent. On the contrary, he states that "immediately after the tribulation of those days…they [the world] shall see the son of Man coming…and He shall send His angels, and they shall gather His elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other." Therefore, Jesus seems to put the rapture just before his second coming or on his way to earth. The phrase "gathering together" describes the rapture in using the noun form of the same Greek word.

Paul says: "we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord, shall not precede those who have fallen asleep." Then he points out that the Lord's coming with angels and the trumpet call will invite those already dead in Christ to rise from the dead before the ones on earth participate in the event. Then Paul states: "Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and thus we shall always be with the Lord." Some commentators note that because Paul used the plural "we" when referring to those who "are alive and remain" indicates that Paul believed that he and all believers on earth might witness and be a part of the second coming of Christ from earth. This would indicate that he would be on earth just prior to the coming of the Lord and the rapture. This is also the usage when he speaks of the same event saying: "Listen, I will tell you a mystery! We will not all die, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed." This passage adds the fact that believers will receive glorified bodies which is missing from the Thessalonian passage]." If believers were raptured before the tribulation then why would Paul use "we" and consider himself with all Christians to possibly be those who would be "alive and remaining [on earth] until the coming of the Lord?" They wouldn't be alive and remaining on the earth at His coming in a pre-tribulational scenario but would already be with Jesus in clouds along with the other believers who had died in Christ.

Opposing doctrines
Opposing doctrines include:
 * Pretribulationists believe that all Christians then alive will be taken bodily up to Heaven (called the rapture) before the tribulation begins. They often quote 2 Thessalonians 2:6-7 to support the idea that the Holy Spirit will be withdrawn as a stabilizing influence on secular society (Matt 5.13) through the removal of the Church. Those who become converts after the rapture will, like the Old Testament saints, not be indwelt by the Holy Spirit in the same sense as Christians are said to be today. They will live through (or perish during) the tribulation. After the tribulation, Christ will return. This relatively new doctrine has become the most widely accepted eschatological doctrine in the United States during the past century. It is commonly taught in the vast majority of evangelical churches to the exclusion of all others. However, John Walvoord, former president of Dallas Theological Seminary, the primary pre-tribulational seminary, admitted, "It [posttribulationism] is embraced by Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic; it is followed by many protestant conservatives as well as modern liberals. Posttribulationism, as far as the church as a whole is concerned, is the majority view." It is the most popular view worldwide but it is not popular in the United States. (See Dispensationalism for additional information about the origins and development of pre-tribulation rapture theology.)
 * Midtribulationists believe that the rapture of the faithful will occur halfway through the tribulation, after it begins, and will endure the phase of the tribulation which tests their faith, but that they will be removed before the last half occurs, because that $3 1/2$-year period is manifestly dominated by the wrath of God falling on those who reject him, Supporters of this view often cite 1 Thessalonians 5.9, "For God has not destined us for wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ."
 * Prewrath is the belief the rapture will occur before the wrath of God is poured out on creation sometime after the middle of the tribulation. This belief is separate from midtribulation but is many times lumped in with it.

title: Post-tribulation rapture


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Metro Conference

The Metropolitan Collegiate Athletic Conference, popularly known as the Metro Conference, was an NCAA Division I athletics conference, so named because its six charter members were all in urban metropolitan areas, though its later members did not follow that pattern. The conference was centered in the Upper South with some strength in the Deep South. The conference never sponsored football, although most of its members throughout its history had Division I-A football programs (from 1983 to 1991, all Metro schools had independent football programs). In 1995, it merged with the Great Midwest Conference to form Conference USA. The merger was driven mainly by football, as several Metro Conference members had been successfully lured to larger conferences that sponsored the sport.

The conference was popularly known as the "Metro 6" during its first season, then as the "Metro 7" during the rest of the 1970s and early 1980s. For most of its existence, it was considered a "major" conference.

History
The Metro Conference was founded in 1975 with institutions that were located in urban metropolitan areas. The charter members were the University of Cincinnati, Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Louisville, Memphis State University (now the University of Memphis), Saint Louis University and Tulane University. Florida State University joined in 1976, while the University of South Carolina turned down an invitation in hopes of rejoining the Atlantic Coast Conference (which the Gamecocks departed at the end of the 1970–71 athletic season when the ACC adopted more stringent entrance requirements).

In 1978, Georgia Tech left the Metro for the Atlantic Coast Conference, effective on July 1, 1979; and Virginia Tech took its spot. In 1982, Saint Louis left to join the Midwestern Collegiate Conference, now known as the Horizon League; while the University of Southern Mississippi took its spot in that same year. The University of South Carolina later joined in 1983. In 1985, West Virginia University was in talks to replace Tulane, which had suspended its men’s basketball program due to a points shaving scandal. Ultimately, West Virginia officials decided to remain in the Atlantic 10 Conference.

In 1991, Florida State joined the ACC, and then South Carolina joined the Southeastern Conference. However, South Carolina re-joined the Metro for 1993 and 1994 men's soccer seasons in that sport only, because the SEC did not (and still does not) offer the sport for men (four schools were required to sponsor a sport; the SEC had just three, now two). Charter members Cincinnati and Memphis State also left the Metro in 1991 to become charter members of the Great Midwest. To replace them, three of the stronger non-football schools from the Sun Belt Conference (the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of South Florida and Virginia Commonwealth University) shifted to the Metro.

In 1993, the Metro and Great Midwest conferences began reunification talks that led to the creation of C-USA. However, the Virginia schools filed a lawsuit in order to prevent the merger from happening, which ultimately failed. VCU joined the Colonial Athletic Association, now known as the Coastal Athletic Association. Virginia Tech (which was banking on an invitation to join the Big East Conference) was left out of Conference USA, and joined the Atlantic 10 Conference (it later joined the Big East in 2000 and is now in the Atlantic Coast Conference since 2004). It was joined by Great Midwest member Dayton, which was intrigued by the prospect of playing against regional rival Xavier.

Initially, South Carolina was not permitted to participate in Conference USA for men's soccer, although it was admitted ten years later, also bringing along Kentucky, the only other men's soccer school in the SEC (coincidentally, Tulane was a longtime SEC member from 1932 until 1966). Until 2021–22 season, South Carolina men's soccer was the last link of the Metro Conference with the reunified Conference USA, although West Virginia, which rejected Metro membership in 1985, was supposed to join Conference USA for men's soccer in 2022 but with the 2021–22 NCAA conference realignment, Conference USA lost almost all of their men's soccer members and was consequently forced to drop the sport. South Carolina, Kentucky and West Virginia joined the Sun Belt Conference in men's soccer.

Proposed super conference
The Metro Conference also had studies into a new "Super conference" in 1990. The study was conducted by Raycom Sports. The conference would have included members of the Metro, Atlantic 10, and Big East conferences, but it was not clear if the conference would become a football-sponsoring conference as many of its members did in fact sponsor football but were either independents or belonged to other conferences. The original study plan also included Penn State, which was invited to join the Big Ten on December 15, 1989.

Charter members

 * Notes:

Later members

 * Notes:

Membership timeline
Notes:
 * 1. Because the Southeastern Conference does not sponsor men's soccer, South Carolina was an independent from the 1991 to 1992 fall season, then rejoined the Metro for the 1993 and 1994 fall seasons.

Championships

 * Metro Conference men's basketball tournament
 * Metro Conference baseball tournament

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Metro Conference


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Robina

Robina may refer to:

People

 * Robina Courtin (born 1944), Buddhist nun
 * Robina Higgins (1915–1990), athlete
 * Robina Muqimyar (born 1986), athlete
 * Robina Qureshi (born 1964), human rights campaigner
 * Robina Suwol, Children's Environmental Health & Justice Advocate
 * Robina Williams, author

Places

 * Robina, Queensland, a town on the Gold Coast in Australia
 * Electoral district of Robina, for the state assembly of Queensland, Australia
 * Robina Parkway, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
 * Robina railway station, Robina, Queensland, Australia
 * Robina Town Centre, Robina, Queensland, Australia; a shopping centre
 * Robina Town Centre bus station
 * Robina Stadium, Robina, Queensland, Australia
 * Robina Hospital, Robina, Queensland, Australia

Other

 * Robina (novel), a novel by E. V. Timms

title: Robina


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Talk:WorldPerks

From WP:RfD

 * WorldPerks → Northwest Airlines -- Loops back since the only reference is from the Northwest airlines article. I'll edit this loop out after posting the request here. Vegaswikian 17:52, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ummm, since the name is mentioned in the article, I think we should leave the redirect - but removing the link to it in the article is correct, of course. Noel (talk) 19:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually what I did was replace the link in the article to link to the Category. At least that lists the airlines that are partners. Vegaswikian 02:12, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's actually a very good idea; since redirects to categories currently have a bug, we couldn't link to it from here and have it work. So for now I'll leave this pointing at the Northwest Airlines article. Noel (talk) 13:49, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:WorldPerks


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Cecil Pugh

Herbert Cecil Pugh, (2 November 1898 – 5 July 1941), usually called Cecil Pugh,    was a Congregational Church minister and is the only clergyman to have received the George Cross. He was a South African who served in the First World War as a South African Army medical orderly and in the Second World War as a Royal Air Force chaplain. Pugh died in 1941 by remaining aboard a sinking troop ship to minister to trapped and wounded military personnel.

Life

Pugh was the second of seven children of Harry Walter and Jane (Douglas) Pugh. He was born in 1898 in Johannesburg and attended Jeppe High School for Boys. In the First World War in 1917–19 he was a medical orderly in France with the South African Field Ambulance.

After the war Pugh went to England, studied at Mansfield College, Oxford 1920–24 and became a Congregational clergyman. He was in civilian ministry at Camberley Congregational Church 1924–27 and then at Christ Church, Friern Barnet, Middlesex 1927–39. Pugh married Amy Lilian Tarrant and they had three children: sons Geoffrey and Alastair and daughter Fiona.

RAF service
When the Second World War broke out in 1939 Pugh became an RAF Chaplain, with the rank of Squadron Leader. He served at RAF Bridgnorth in Shropshire until 1941, when he was then posted to Takoradi on the Gold Coast. His passage to Takoradi was to be via a voyage on the troop ship SS Anselm (1935) to Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Anselm was a cargo and passenger liner that had been converted into a troop ship by designating her passenger accommodation as officers' quarters and turning her holds into accommodation for other ranks. She had capacity for about 500 troops but on this occasion was heavily overloaded with about 1,200 British Army, Royal Marines and RAF personnel. There were 175 RAF personnel, on their way to serve in the North African Campaign.

On 5 July the GS U-96 (1940) torpedoed Anselm about 300 miles north of the Azores. The explosion caused extensive damage below decks, where collapsed overheads and wrecked ladders injured or trapped many of the men in one of the converted holds. One survivor states that officers got away in boats from Anselm's stern without waiting to help their men. Pugh, however, remained aboard, tending the wounded and helping to launch lifeboats and liferafts.

As Anselm's bow settled lower in the water, Pugh turned his attention to his fellow-airmen injured and trapped in one of the converted holds. He told some Royal Marines to lower him on a rope into the hold, insisting "Where my men are, I have to be". The Marines tried to dissuade him, but Pugh insisted "My love of God is greater than my fear of death" so they did as he insisted. Once in the hold he knelt to pray with the trapped men, with seawater already up to his shoulders.

Anselm sank 22 minutes after she was hit. Pugh was not seen again.

George Cross
Pugh's actions profoundly affected some of the 1,060 survivors. One at first thought his self-sacrifice had been "silly", but then recognised his bravery as an example. Other airmen and soldiers praised Pugh's "bravery" and "sacrifice".

Anselm's survivors went on to serve in the North African and Italian campaigns. As they returned to Britain after the war, their recollections of Pugh started to appear in the News of the World and the Daily Express. In 1947, his bravery was honoured with the George Cross, which King George VI presented to his widow Amy Pugh and Alastair Pugh, one of his sons, at Buckingham Palace.

At RAF Bridgnorth Pugh's example continued to be remembered until the station closed in 1963.

Pugh's George Cross citation states: The Reverend H. C. Pugh, after seeing service in this country, was posted to Takoradi and embarked on H.M.T. Anselm, carrying over 1,300 passengers; for West Africa at the end of June, 1941. She was torpedoed in the Atlantic in the early hours of the 5 July 1941. One torpedo hit a hold on Deck C, destroying the normal means of escape. Mr. Pugh came up on deck in a dressing gown and gave all the help he could. He seemed to be everywhere at once, doing his best to comfort the injured, helping with the boats and rafts (two of these were rendered unserviceable as a result of the explosion) and visiting the different lower sections where men were quartered.

When he learned that a number of injured airmen were trapped in the damaged hold, he insisted on being lowered into it with a rope. Everyone demurred because the hold was below the water line and already the decks were awash and to go down was to go to certain death. He simply explained that he must be where his men were. The deck level was already caving in and the hold was three parts full of water so that, when he knelt to pray, the water reached his shoulders. Within a few minutes the ship plunged and sank and Mr. Pugh was never seen again. He had every opportunity of saving his own life but, without regard for his own safety and in the best tradition of the Service and of a Christian minister, he gave up his life for others."

A photograph of Pugh, alongside his GC citation, is displayed at the Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre, Amport House.

A blue plaque on a house in East Castle Street, Bridgnorth, notes his residence there during his ministry at RAF Bridgnorth and his honour.

An inscription in the chapel of Mansfield College, Oxford commemorates alumni killed in the Second World War, including Pugh.

title: Cecil Pugh


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Wikipedia talk:Pokémon Adoption Center/Archive1

A Question

 * Does this proposal include a mergist component or is it just an effort to improve current articles? In my opinion not all pokemon are notable enough to have an independent article and that's why we were discussing mergers. BrokenSegue 16:47, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm quite certain this is supposed to be done with no merging. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 16:55, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, if all the pokemon had good non-stub articles, we wouldn't be debating whether to delete/merge/redirect them. Wikipedia has every right to not want articles that will never be more than substubs.  The basic premise here is what has already been said above: that if we all stopped arguing and put the same time and effort into making the articles better, there would be no problem.  I hope to let them grow beyond substubs, so that the vast sea of poke-stubs out there turns into an interesting, useful series of articles. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  17:21, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * The only thing that I insist on is that the article say that the word "fictional" in the introductory text. If you can get all of the articles ship shape without adding trivial information then more power to ya. This link is Broken 20:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I just thought that there are probably lots of pokemon fan forums. It might be a good idea to advertise wikipedia and its pokemon selection there if you want lots of peeps who can write knowlegably about the subject. IT'd probably be best to give them a specific task (an article for example) to work on so they don't mess up all of our articles (so they cna learn and some vandalism is possible). This link is Broken 21:32, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Good luck. It's been hard enough as it is for Bulbapedia, a wiki specifically for Pokémon and its fandom, run by one of the major fansites and supported by a large number of the other majors, to get people to contribute articles. (Granted, 1700+ articles after opening in Feb this year isn't bad, but a lot of those are our bulbabot auto-generated stubs.) There are certainly knowledgeable people out there, but the great majority of those are the mature age fans with university and/or job commitments. --Mukashi 08:13, 2005 Jun 2 (UTC)

Time Limit
Since it seems we've been given some good-faith leeway by the rest of Wikipedia, I think it'd only be fair for us 'status quo-ists' to give the 'mergists' something to measure our work by. Show them some good faith too, you know?

Right now, there are 250 articles in the Category:Pokémon stubs. Of those, about 200 are pokémon species. (The other 50 or so are video games, movies, locations, Digimon that have been given the wrong stub category, and a few minutae.) I propose that those of use in this "revitalized Project Pokédex" get 50 stubs cleaned up per month. So, by 20 July, we'd have 150 Pokémon stubs; by 20 August, we'd have 100 Pokémon stubs; and so on and so forth.

If this would work for everyone, I'd like to set that number as the 'official' yardstick to measure this 'adoption center''s efforts by.

(Now that I'm not in my finals anymore, I can donate more time to this project, so we can get back on track.) Almafeta 01:00, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a worthy goal to me, though I suspect that to cover that volume, we'll need a few more people involved. Feel free to promote this project outside of this page. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  01:41, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a numbered list now over on User:Almafeta/List of Pokémon species stubs, so we can use that to use as the yardstick of our progress. Almafeta 28 June 2005 17:17 (UTC)

Color concern
While we're discussing Pokemon anyway, I'd like to raise the issue of text color. Presently, all color-related (and many type-related) words in Pokearticles are displayed in said color, and reading that really hurts my eyes. Does anyone else have an objection to that? I don't mind fancy colors in templates or tables, but for main text I would prefer it changed to normal black. Radiant_* 11:31, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah get rid of the colors they are too cutesy. We know what these colors are and if we didn't we could look it up. This link is Broken 14:55, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I would be okay with stripping out the colours. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 15:59, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm all for it - the 'books doesn't use it, nor does it plan on using it. kelvSYC 17:04, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Look at this article. I can't bear to go through and remove the colors. Argh... This link is Broken 17:49, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, please do. I noticed this the other day on a number of these articles. K1Bond007 04:07, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Go ahead. It's not like we're losing any information this way.  Almafeta 04:08, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay. I'll notify the WikiProject about this. I'll see if I can drag a bot into there to do the tedious work. Radiant_* 09:16, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think the colors look good. If someone thinks a few of them (like the bright color for psychic) are too bright, that can be changed.
 * And there isn't much tedious work, sinhce almost all the Pokemon types are done with type templates - that means almost all the work in 18 templates. And any Pokemon which doesn't yet have them should anyway.User142 06:37, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Merge by evolution?

 * Possibly. In the spirit of progress, I've combined Horsea, Seadra and Kingdra ( which was later moved to Horsea, Seadra, Kingdra), to give an example of a possible layout. Please leave this intact for a while to give people the chance to comment on it. (note that any information not present here was also not present in the original three). For instance, I was surprised to find out that Kingdra is #230 rather than #118, a fact which would not be immediately obvious from the three separate articles. Radiant_* 15:38, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I like it. Is there an instance where the evolved state has a different type than the basic? That could mess things up (categories and all). I made a small change before reading you comment not to change it (sorry). BrokenSegue 15:59, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I like it, too. It would get a little messy with the whole Eevee family and with Tyrogue and the Hitmons (Lee, Chan, Top).  Off the top of my head, some Pokémon acquire new types as they evolve, but Eevee is the only one to change types altogether. SujinYH 16:05, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't really like it that much. To me, it would seem to be too confusing when there are multiple evolution paths, such as with Gloom, Nincada, and Wurmple. Not to mention that this particular layout would create very wide tables, which would be bad for 800x600 users (they'd require horisontal scrolling, which is annoying). Heck, a few of them might cause problems at 1024x768 as well. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 16:46, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * We could solve the wide table problem by getting rid of them. Much of the content in the tables duplicates content on the wikibooks project, so we could shrink the tables and provide links to wikibooks. BrokenSegue 16:55, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Eevee has been tried, and fits in a reasonable table. Please take a look! The text section needs some copyediting, but I found the result enlightening. Radiant_* 10:05, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Eevee's looking great! Doesn't work for 800x600 (or below) though, unless, as suggested many times before, we move the stats to Wikibooks. Note that I've added an "Evolves With" row to show what is required to get each form. Other than that (and Vaporeon's picture not matching!) everything's looking great! Master Thief GarrettTalk 11:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've fiddled with the layout a bit, and it fits on an 800x600 screen now. Radiant_* 11:51, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can see Eevee, and... well, no offense Radiant, because it's good coding, but I don't really like it. It breaks continuity with the other Pokémon pages (where you can navigate by clicking upon the names left and right).  Besides, wouldn't pages full of information for side-by-side comparison of video game stats go into Wikibooks, loathe as I am to say it?  Almafeta 15:09, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, it breaks continuity because it's an alternate proposal. Basically, I'm proposing that (gradually) all existing Pokearticles change to this layout (most with 2 or 3 columns rather than 6, though). It seems from the above discussion (and Pidgeot's earlier poll) that most people like the idea, but I'd be willing to discuss it some more and/or vote on it.
 * Pidgeot's main concern was table size, which I believe I've addressed by reducing it. Adding links for left and right clicking would be easy if people want. And this merged article has equally much 'stats' information as the original six. It could be argued that such info belongs in Wikibooks. In fact, it's already there. But I'm not sure what you're getting at. If you propose that all such information be removed from the existing articles, please say so and we'd be happy to discuss it. Radiant_* 11:49, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * I also expressed concern about readability with multiple evolutionary paths. I personally find it hard to read with 2+ POKéMON of the same stage listed next to one another, since there's no easy way to follow the evolutionary path. And Wurmple would be worse - it splits evolution at Stage 1, but still has one more stage. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 14:53, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Pidgeot. While I think this is an attempt at compromise (which is good), I think it's being done at the ultimate expense of readability and accessability to the reader, which is who, ultimately, we all should be serving.  What, ultimately, would we hope to gain by merging this information?  I also strongly oppose any solution which involves the removal of valid information, such as the transwiki proposal.  I hate to bring out the tired old "Wikipedia is not paper" phrase, but I think it really does apply here. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  16:21, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not exactly :) the merging-by-type proposal is a compromise. This is a suggestion that in my personal opinion makes the pokearticles easier to read, since this way you can tell at a glance what a pokemon gains in abilities and stats upon evolving, and since this removes the need for partial redundancy usually existing in the three separate articles on separate evolutions. By the way it wasn't me suggesting to move stats to WikiBooks, that was Alfameta and BrokenSegue. Radiant_* 07:44, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that the clicking to go forwards and backwards is important. This is one of the reasons that I put in Stubs for Pokemon who didn't have pages, and added the tables to articles that didn't have them. User142 06:44, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC) (posted by User:Bulbaboy on June 6th as User142 was unable to edit Wikipedia - see Wikibooks:User talk:Bulbaboy)
 * Adding those right now. Radiant_* 07:44, Jun 7, 2005 (UTC)

External PokéDex Links
I've noticed a lack of uniformity amongst pages here. Some seem to have no links whatsoever, some have maybe one or two, and others, like Eevee, have this huge list of links to various Dex's of varying actual value. Shouldn't there be some sort of standard on these? --Mukashi 00:41, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)
 * My standardised templates bear only links to Serebii and Pokémon Forever; perhaps this should be "the" standard? CNash 10:31, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Pokémon Forever yes, but the link to Serebii seems pretty pointless. The site may be the most popular fansite around, but the high level gameplayers avoid it like the plague, and the information in its dex there is fairly basic. Instead, perhaps links to Eevee's Pokédex and/or the Smogon PokéDex might be appropriate? --Mukashi 07:03, 2005 Jun 9 (UTC)
 * I've been avoiding adding Pokédex pages, since Pokédexes are notoriously unreliable, considering as they're essentially large databases which are expensive and difficult for a hobbyist to maintain. I don't want to add Pokédex links to any site just to find out 6 months later that that site went out of business, and that some of the pages most viewed by children on Wikipedia are now linking to a URL that was purchased by some guy to redirect to HotHardcorePorn.com.  Almafeta 22:22, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * In the old days, they may have been somewhat unreliable, but have you been keeping up with the online fandom at all? A large number of 'dex's are now highly reliable in both uptime and completeness. They're a lot less expensive to maintain than you'd think (The majority of the display on a well crafted dex page is pure text afterall), and there's no difficulty in their day to day maintence whatsoever, only in their initial setup. Fair enough, if the site has only been around for a few months, don't link it, but ones that either have been up for several years (The previously mentioned Eevee's Pokédex, as well as the PokéFor Pokédex), or are, while fairly recent, part of a site that's got a history stretching back several years (Serebii's PokéDex, or the PokéDex Project pages on Bulbagarden's Bulbapedia), then it shouldn't be a question of if dex pages should be added, but which dex pages should be added. --Mukashi 22:50, 2005 Jun 21 (UTC)

Moves/Attacks
I have noticed that a few Pokémon, (Snorunt for example), have a list of all the attacks they can learn. However, some may argue that they are not encyclopaediac. Some cases, such as Mew, or even Pokémon only learning a move through Purification in Pokémon XD, deserve to have it mentioned. Yanma is an interesting example of a more encyclopaediac way to write about the attacks. So what are your opinions?

I'm not sure. On one hand, I generally believe that when it comes to infortmation, more is better. As long as it's verifiable and not trivial (stuff from fanfics, etc.), information is good. On the other hand, huge lists of attacks and stats might give more ammunition to those who feel that the articles themselves aren't notable. Ultimately, I would hope that attacks and game moves to be included should follow these two guidelines: That's my 2 cents on it, anyway. Additional opinions would be more than welcome. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 13:32, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's probably best to include such things if they're universal to that pokemon, and appear in most or all of the various games featuring that pokemon.
 * It would be greatly preferable if such information was included after the article has progressed past stub length already. We don't want deletionists believing that we're including moves and attacks simply as filler to pad out the articles.

Here's how I've been doing it:
 * 1) If it has one movelist (like Hoothoot), I listed that movelist, with the ability types and their elements.
 * 2) If it has multiple movelists, but there was only a slight variation (like Slugma), I listed the first movelist, then summed up how they changed.
 * 3) If it has multiple movelists, and if how it changed can't be summed up in a few sentences or if just repeating again would be easier (like Stantler), I list each movelist and what game or games it was used in.

However, I've been excluding things like egg moves, TM/HM lists, Move Tutor lists, et cetera. That's a lot of space and a lot of error-checking for little benefit, and would more be the realm of a dedicated pokéwiki. Almafeta 18:24, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Abandoned assignments?
It seems that both User:Kappa and User:Android79 have either forgotten about or abandoned their assignments - they were assigned a POKéMON a month ago, but seem to have done little work on those articles since then. I've left a note on their talk pages asking them to let us know if they've decided to quit (Kappa's note) (Android79's note). I've threaded both notes for easy reference.

Should we set up a little "rule" that if you don't do any edits to the article within a certain period of time (say, two weeks), we leave a friendly little reminder on their talk page? I realize we still have plenty of POKéMON to choose from, and there's no real rush, but if someone has abandoned their article, we might as well put it back up for adoption. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 1 July 2005 10:47 (UTC)
 * I agree 100% with leaving a friendly message/reminder on adopter's talk pages if the article hasn't changed. I think 1 month is a good time period for this, as it's easier to keep track of than 2 weeks.  Exceptions will be made if the adopter specifically says in their adoption message that they need to delay writing the article for some reason ("I'll write it after I come back from vacation", or after exams, etc.).  I also feel that we should keep this as a guideline rather than a rule (i.e. not put it on the main page) since more rules & restrictions might prevent casual editors from applying. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  July 1, 2005 11:04 (UTC)
 * Hence why I put the word "rule" in quotation marks :)
 * And of course, if the adopter has already reported he'll be inactive for a while, the message is not needed, since we already know why he hasn't edited. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 1 July 2005 11:56 (UTC)
 * I would note that leaving those pokémon assigned doesn't really hurt, since even with one or two of them 'on hold' for now, we've got plenty to work on as is. Almafeta 1 July 2005 11:27 (UTC)
 * Also, while we're on the subject, why did you never assign a pokémon to CNash? Almafeta 1 July 2005 11:30 (UTC)
 * Good question. CNash's message wasn't quite clear on whether he actually wanted a Pokemon assignment, or was just expressing support for the project in general.  It sounded like he wanted to keep expanding stubs of his own choosing, since he had already been doing so.  He posted it in the "Applicants with assigned pokemon" section instead of the "New Applications" section, so I assumed he probably didn't want one assigned, and it would be rude to tell somebody to write an article unless they explicitly said it was okay. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  July 1, 2005 11:39 (UTC)

Adoption Center Template?
I have an idea which might help us, but I want to hear some opinions on it first before forging ahead.

How about a template to go at the top of the stub articles still in the list, something like

This might help safeguard us from deletion problems between now and the conclusion of the project, as people are less likely to want to delete something that is actively being improved.

So, what do you guys think? Good idea? Why? Bad idea? Why? All suggestions or comments are welcome. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd July 1, 2005 11:20 (UTC)
 * Sounds good in theory -- but do you really want to add that to 180 articles? ;)   Almafeta 1 July 2005 11:27 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't be hard, really, just a quick cut 'n' paste (none of the text is article-specific). Probably take about 10 seconds each.  Even less if I rigged some sort of script to do it.Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  July 1, 2005 11:46 (UTC)
 * I ran with this idea, and now you can use it by copying and pasting into an article.  I think we should put them as the first line of the article, with a blank line underneath it, so this box doesn't interfere with the statistic template.  Almafeta 4 July 2005 00:04 (UTC)

Adding basic data
This weekend, I plan to go through all 386 POKéMON articles and add the following things to the infobox (where missing): This will let the editors focus on the article itself, rather than spending time on such minor details.
 * Pokédex color
 * Shiny color
 * Japanese name (using official Game Freak romanization, not standard Romaji)
 * Metric height
 * Metric weight
 * Oh, that would be great! It's true that fiddling with the infoboxes takes a lot of time. Thanks! Sinistro 2 July 2005 12:55 (UTC)
 * You're welcome - I figure it's the least I can do since I've been bad at expanding articles.
 * On a related note, I'm also adding both GF Romaji and standard Romaji to articles if the POKéMON has standard Romaji given in the infobox. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 2 July 2005 13:11 (UTC)

If I have time, I'll also try to find an article to expand. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 2 July 2005 04:21 (UTC)
 * Well, this is a slight disappointment - it seems that there are more stubs than we thought!
 * I've already found Clefable as an unmarked poke-stub and added it to the list. I'll go through them all one extra time after this and flag unmarked poke-stubs. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 2 July 2005 11:33 (UTC)
 * I've gone through the first 125 now, but I'm afraid I can't keep working right now. Please note that I have NOT added this info to Horsea and Seadra, as I'm waiting until we have those pages unmerged. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 2 July 2005 15:09 (UTC)
 * ...and as it turned out, I didn't manage to get more of them done, but I'll keep working during this upcoming week. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 4 July 2005 00:33 (UTC)

Nice work!
Did I mention yet that the PAC is a very good idea? Keep up the good work (gotta expand 'em all? :) ) Radiant_ >|< July 5, 2005 12:51 (UTC)
 * I wanna Wiki the very best, like no-one ever was. To fill 'em out, my real test; to explain them is my cause...   Almafeta 5 July 2005 17:43 (UTC)
 * I will travel across the site, searching far and wide. These articles to understand, the info that's inside...  :) Sonic Mew July 7, 2005 22:17 (UTC)

Future Work
I logged out (so I wouldn't see 174 pokéarticles on my contributions page @_@) and added the PAC template to the top of most of the undone articles. Doing that, I noticed that we might have a bit of work to do, even after we expand the stubs: But for now, let's just concentrate on expanding the stubs. Almafeta 5 July 2005 17:43 (UTC)
 * Many articles copy and paste pokédex entries directly. This is a copyvio, as far as I know.
 * Some articles have inappropriate images -- for example, Ponyta is animated, while Tentacruel is based on a CCG card.
 * There is more than a small bit of interwiki work to be done! This might take a bit of work with people who are fluent in other languages, and it might be a bit rough as some languages inconsistently merge pokémon into lists and leave them as seperate articles.  (The French Wikipedia never had a Centre du adoption des Pokémons, unfortunately...)
 * Both of the pictures you mentioned above have now been replaced with Ken Sugimori artwork by Luigi2. I added most of the pictures that are now gradually being replaced, but I think it will be better if they all use Ken Sugimori artwork.  The choice of picture also came up on the Jynx article recently.  As for the copyvio, I think we should be able to place any informaion from the Pokédex into the intro to make it more encyclopaediac.  Sonic Mew July 7, 2005 22:24 (UTC)
 * I put all the Pokédex information in the 'Biology' section, so that way we could also have information from other canon sources (animé, manga, CCG) in the same place. Almafeta 11:20, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Template:Pokesectstub
Could someone look at the above template for me and see what's wrong with it? It's in the machop article, but instead of being 80% of the space available to it, it's trying to use 80% of the full article's width, and thus isn't going to the left of the statblock. Almafeta 11:20, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Too Much Information?
Some of the latest stub improvements, such as works of User:ErezR and User:Tavris have included a wealth of imformation such as list of attacks, breedable moves, technical machine compatibility, type affinities offensively and defensively etc. While I am certain this information is accurate and it is admirable that the contributors went through the trouble to locate and upload it, I must express my concern that, as Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd noted in the Moves/Attacks section above, that including information of such a specialised nature might lead other Wikipedians to accuse us of simply padding the articles to avoid their deletion (a.k.a the "Wikipedia is not GameFAQs" argument). What does everybody else think?

In fact, I thought about going over my contributions and modifying the Video Game Availability info so that only one location per game is listed. Think about it: since the in-game Pokedex automatically shows the player where a Pokemon nests after you encounter it once, why not list only the place most frequented by the Pokemon or the earliest a player can find it, and let the player work the rest out for himself? Sinistro 20:39, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I have mixed feelings about this issue. On one hand, I find it unpleasant and disturbing that there should even be such a concept as "too much information" here at WP.  Our potential for depth of information is one of our chief advantages against other encyclopedia (the ol' "Wikipedia is not paper" routine) and information, generally, is a good thing.  On the other hand, we must realise that all of these articles are potetnial deletion candidates simply because they are Pokémon, and some folks just hate Pokémon.  The VfD masses are much much more likely to delete a stub than a full article, so depth of information is a powerful weapon against deletion.  Unfortunately, it's somewhat nullified if the information looks like padding or nonsense to a casual reader.  Therefore, heavy game information should be used with caution, and at the very least reserved for articles that don't "need" it (i.e. if the game information was removed, it would still be a full article rather than a stub). Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:27, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Goals rewording: going, going...
Is anybody NOT happy with my reworked goals/stats proposal? (see "Goals Rewording" section on the main page for details) The main point of it is to put the focus on monthly goals and de-emphasise the final goal. If anybody *doesn't* think this is a good idea, please let me know. If nobody objects within the next couple of days, I'll make it official (or as official as anything gets around here :) and move all the related discussion and alternate proposals from the main page to the talk page. Speak now or forever fold your peas... Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 11:06, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine by me. Almafeta 11:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem with me. Sinistro 21:39, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll consider it passed without opposition then. I'm going to consider the final days of July to be part of August for the purposes of our next monthly goal, as otherwise it would be pretty complicated.  I'm about to add the new Goals section to the main page, feel free to update it as necessary. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:18, July 18, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Monty Python's Previous Record

Monty Python's Previous Record is the third album by Monty Python. Released in 1972, it marked the group's first collaborations with regular sound engineer Andre Jacquemin as well as musician Neil Innes, who had previously appeared with future members of the Python team on Do Not Adjust Your Set. The album contains many sketches from the third series of Flying Circus, one (Fish Licence) from the second as well as an abridged version of "The Tale of Happy Valley" from the second German show. The album was released midway through the broadcast of Series 3, whose sketches featured on the album were all from its first half, with the exception of "Dennis Moore" which aired a month later and therefore made its debut here. The oldest sketch on the album, Eric Idle's "Radio Quiz Game", dates back to I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again, where it was performed by Graeme Garden – Idle having subsequently performed the sketch himself on two editions of Do Not Adjust Your Set. The rest of the material was specially written for the album.

Among the proposed ideas for the record were a 'B' side consisting of four concentric tracks, all starting at different places on the first groove, so that the listener could get any of one of four different versions of the 'B' side". When this proved impossible, a three-sided 'B' side was attempted. But as Jacquemin later explained, "That's why you hear 'and now a massage from the Swedish Prime Minister' three times on it. Each groove was going to start with that, but unfortunately, the three grooves ran into each other towards the centre of the record. In the end, we cut all the bits together for a standard, single-groove side." A year later, a less ambitious version of the same idea, with just two concentric tracks, would be used on the next Monty Python LP, The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief.

The cover design, by Terry Gilliam, pictured an elongated arm which wrapped around both sides of the sleeve. Its hand can be seen trying to catch a six-breasted woman with butterfly wings. The inner sleeve pictured the covers of sixteen fictional albums on one side, with the other containing the album credits and lyrics to the "Yangtse Song".

The original British vinyl release included a separate 33rpm 7" flexi-disc entitled Teach Yourself Heath, housed in a sleeve featuring a picture of then Prime Minister Edward Heath.

The album was trailed three weeks earlier on 17 November 1972 by the 7" single Eric The Half-A-Bee/Yangtse Song (CB.200), credited to "Monty Python With Niel (sic) Innes". These were alternate mono mixes of two tracks which would appear in stereo on the album. The latter song had an added karaoke section with additional linking from Michael Palin.

"Summarize Proust Competition" was recorded but cut from the album, although a reference to the Proust Song remains on the album's inner sleeve. The track was released five years later on the Instant Record Collection compilation. Another cut sketch, "Bells", eventually found its way onto 1980's Contractual Obligation Album.

As with the previous record, initial UK pressings had a unique label. Both sides featured the "Mad Hatter" Charisma design, with the first side listed as "'A' side and half 'B' side" (in reference to the album's single release) and a list of contents by "a Harley Street Dentist". The second side was listed as "This side" and contained a series of teeth-cleaning instructions. Later pressings were issued with the standard Charisma label, omitting the dentally-themed text. The US version, released in 1973, had the "Harley Street Dentist" material from the UK A-side label switched to Side B, with the A side eschewing the teeth-cleaning instructions of the UK version in favour of a red label containing the actual track listing for both sides. This, too, was different from the UK version, removing the tracks "How To Do It" and "Radio Quiz Game" from Side 1 and placing them on Side 2. The album reached No.39 in the UK album chart.

The track "Wonderful World of Sound" features the earliest known citation of the phrase "something for the weekend", a euphemistic reference to condoms used by barbers when offering them to their clientele. The bonus tracks on the 2006 CD reissue feature many previously unreleased out-takes from the album's sessions, with newly added music and sound effects, alongside outtakes from the 1980 Contractual Obligation Album sessions and 1971 promos for Monty Python's Big Red Book.

The 2014 vinyl reissue by Virgin Records Limited contains the UK version of the album and does not include any bonus tracks.

Side one

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) Are You Embarrassed Easily?
 * 3) A Book at Bedtime
 * 4) Dennis Moore
 * 5) Money Programme
 * 6) Money Song
 * 7) Dennis Moore (Part 2)
 * 8) Dennis Moore Song
 * 9) Australian Table Wine
 * 10) Dennis Moore Song (Part 2)
 * 11) Argument Clinic
 * 12) How To Do It
 * 13) Dennis Moore Song (Part 3)
 * 14) Pepperpots
 * 15) Personal Freedom
 * 16) Dennis Moore Song (Part 4)
 * 17) Fish Licence
 * 18) Eric the Half-a-Bee
 * 19) Radio Quiz Game
 * 20) Travel Agent

Side two

 * 1) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister
 * 2) Silly Noises
 * 3) Anne Elk
 * 4) Yangtse Sketch
 * 5) Yangtse Song
 * 6) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister (Part 2)
 * 7) A Minute Passed
 * 8) Eclipse of the Sun
 * 9) Alistair Cooke
 * 10) Wonderful World of Sound
 * 11) Funerals at Prestatyn
 * 12) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister (Part 3)
 * 13) Happy Valley

Side one

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) Are You Embarrassed Easily?
 * 3) A Book at Bedtime
 * 4) Dennis Moore
 * 5) Money Programme
 * 6) Money Song
 * 7) Dennis Moore (Part 2)
 * 8) Dennis Moore Song
 * 9) Australian Table Wine
 * 10) Dennis Moore Song (Part 2)
 * 11) Argument Clinic
 * 12) Dennis Moore Song (Part 3)
 * 13) Pepperpots
 * 14) Personal Freedom
 * 15) Dennis Moore Song (Part 4)
 * 16) Fish Licence
 * 17) Eric the Half-a-Bee
 * 18) Travel Agent

Side two

 * 1) Radio Quiz Game
 * 2) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister
 * 3) Silly Noises
 * 4) Anne Elk
 * 5) Yangtse Sketch
 * 6) Yangtse Song
 * 7) How To Do It
 * 8) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister (Part 2)
 * 9) A Minute Passed
 * 10) Eclipse of the Sun
 * 11) Alistair Cooke
 * 12) Wonderful World of Sound
 * 13) Funerals at Prestatyn
 * 14) Massage From The Swedish Prime Minister (Part 3)
 * 15) Happy Valley

2006 Bonus tracks

 * 1) Baxter's
 * 2) Meteorology
 * 3) Blood, Devastation, War & Horror
 * 4) The Great Debate
 * 5) Mortuary Visit
 * 6) Flying Fox Of The Yard
 * 7) Is There
 * 8) Teach Yourself Heath
 * 9) The Book Ad
 * 10) Big Red Bowl
 * 11) Pepperpots (Part 2)
 * 12) Pellagra

Personnel

 * Graham Chapman
 * John Cleese
 * Terry Gilliam
 * Eric Idle
 * Terry Jones
 * Michael Palin

Additional performers

 * Carol Cleveland
 * The Fred Tomlinson Singers
 * Neil Innes (music)

Music credits
The following is the list of musical works included on the album. They comprise a mixture of Studio G library music, self-penned Python songs and specially composed music by Neil Innes.

 * 1) Fashion Parade (J. Pearson)
 * 2) Alla Handel (H. Wild)
 * 3) Sporting News (P. Lewis)
 * 4) Money Song (Eric Idle & John Gould)
 * 5) Dennis Moore (Robin Hood Theme) (Carl Sigman)
 * 6) Happy Movement (J. Harpham)
 * 7) Eric The Half A Bee (John Cleese & Eric Idle)
 * 8) Holiday Time (J. Pearson)
 * 9) Beethoven's Fifth (Arr. Cliff Johns)
 * 10) Comic Giggles (J. Pearson)
 * 11) Beachy Head (R. Cornford)
 * 12) Yangtse Song (Michael Palin, Terry Jones & Neil Innes)
 * 13) Medieval Fanfares (Cliff Johns)
 * 14) Great Adventure Suite (Cliff Johns)
 * 15) Fairytale Music (Neil Innes)
 * 16) Ya De Bucketty (Terry Jones)
 * 17) Television Tensions (P. Lewis)

title: Monty Python's Previous Record


text:
George John Dasch

George John Dasch (7 February 1903 – 1 November 1991) was a German agent who landed on American soil during World War II. He helped to destroy Nazi Germany's espionage program in the United States by defecting to the American cause, but was tried and convicted of espionage.

Early life
George John Dasch was born as Georg Johann Dasch in Speyer in the German Empire. He entered a Catholic seminary at the age of 13 to study for the priesthood, but was expelled the following year for unknown reasons. Lying about his age, he enlisted in the Imperial German Army and served in Belgium during the final months of World War I.

In 1923, he entered the United States illegally through the Port of Philadelphia as a stowaway, then stayed in New York City. For four years, he drifted among several restaurants, and spent one season at a hotel in Miami Beach. In 1927, he enlisted as a private in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He was assigned to the 5th Composite Group in Honolulu, and served with the 72nd Bombardment Squadron, but after a year he bought himself out and received an honorable discharge. He then worked as a waiter in San Francisco, Sacramento, Los Angeles, and back in New York City. In 1930, he married Rose Marie Guille, an American citizen.

Dasch re-enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1936 and was stationed at Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York. He served with the 1st Infantry Division, 28th Infantry Regiment, L Company, and married Charlotte Holliday in the parsonage of St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Oswego in March 1936. He used the alias George Henry Aldasch to hide his bigamy. He and Charlotte lived at the home of her father, Jay Holliday, in Oswego while he served at Fort Ontario. They had a son, Howard Elliot Aldasch (October 29, 1937 – October 21, 2013). Some time in 1938, Dasch left the Army, abandoned his "wife" and their son, and returned to Germany. Charlotte Aldasch learned his real identity only in 1942, when he turned himself in to the FBI. She then sent their son to live anonymously with distant relatives in Madison, New York. Dasch's last communication with Charlotte and Howard was via a lawyer and military officer in 1955. At that time Dasch was trying to gain entry back into the United States, but it was denied by J. Edgar Hoover, head of the FBI.

Preparation for espionage
Dasch and the others were trained for espionage activities in a school run by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, the German High Command, on an estate at Quenz Lake, near Berlin. They received three weeks of intensive sabotage training, and were instructed in the manufacture and use of explosives, incendiary material and various forms of mechanical, chemical, and electrical delayed timing devices. Considerable time was spent developing the false background histories they were to use in the United States. They were encouraged to converse in English, and to read American newspapers and magazines.

Espionage activities
On 26 May 1942, Dasch and his team (Ernest Peter Burger, Heinrich Harm Heinck, and Richard Quirin) left by submarine from Lorient, France. They landed on Long Island, New York, shortly after midnight on 12 June. They were wearing German Navy uniforms to avoid being shot as spies if they were captured during the landing. Once they were ashore, they changed into civilian clothes, and buried their uniforms and other equipment.

Early that morning, John C. Cullen, a Coast Guardsman from the station in Amagansett, New York, spotted Dasch and the three others posing as fishermen on a raft off the coast of Long Island. He saw they were armed and also noticed a submerged submarine. The men gave him $260 (some sources say $300) to keep quiet. Increasingly alarmed, he took the bribe but alerted his superiors. By the time an armed patrol could reach the site, the four Germans had taken the Long Island Rail Road train from the Amagansett station into Manhattan, where they checked in to a hotel. A search of the beach revealed concealed explosives, timers, blasting caps, incendiary devices, cigarettes, and the naval uniforms.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the FBI were immediately alerted, and the FBI conducted a massive manhunt. All information was kept secret to avoid public panic and to prevent the spies from knowing that they had been discovered. However, the FBI did not know exactly where the Germans were going.

Defection to the United States
Dasch was unhappy with the Nazi regime. He eventually talked to one of his compatriots, a naturalized American citizen named Ernst Peter Burger, about defecting to the United States. Their plan was to surrender immediately to the FBI. Dasch ordered Burger to stay and keep an eye on the other German agents. On 15 June, Dasch called the FBI office in New York from a pay phone on the Upper West Side. The FBI agent did not believe his story, so Dasch hung up and took a train to Washington D.C. four days later and booked in at the Mayflower Hotel. He then went to the FBI headquarters asking to speak to Hoover. Dasch tried to tell the truth to the FBI officials, but they did not believe his story. While Dasch was at FBI headquarters, the FBI sent agents to his hotel room, where they found $82,500 in cash (worth more than $1 million in 2017 U.S. dollars).

Dasch was arrested and interrogated for eight days. He disclosed the locations of the other men in the sabotage operation, including Burger. He revealed that the goals of the sabotage program had been to disrupt war industries and launch a wave of terror by planting explosives in railway stations, department stores, and public places. Armed with the information Dasch provided, the FBI arrested Burger and six other German agents within the following week. The FBI withheld the true circumstances of their arrest prior to the trial of the eight men, including the fact that they did not actually consummate their plans of sabotage.

Aftermath
Dasch, Ernest Peter Burger, and six others – Edward John Kerling, Heinrich Harm Heinck, Richard Quirin, Werner Thiel, Hermann Otto Neubauer, and Herbert Hans Haupt (who had landed in Florida to meet with Dasch and Burger) – were tried by a military commission appointed by President Roosevelt on 8 July 1942. The military trial was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court during the trial with the formal opinion written after the trial (see Ex parte Quirin). The eight were convicted of sabotage and sentenced to death. FBI Director Hoover and Attorney General Biddle appealed to President Roosevelt, who commuted the sentence to life imprisonment for Burger, and thirty years for Dasch. The others were executed in the electric chair in Washington D.C Jail on 8 August 1942.

In 1948, President Harry S. Truman had both Burger and Dasch released and deported to American occupation zone in Germany. They were not welcomed back because they were regarded as traitors who had caused the death of their comrades. Although they had been promised pardons by Hoover in exchange for their cooperation, both men died without ever receiving them. Dasch wrote an account of his involvement with Operation Pastorius ("Eight Spies Against America," Publisher: R.M. McBride Co., 1959. Library of Congress catalog # 59-13612). He died in 1991 at the age of 89 in Ludwigshafen.

title: George John Dasch


text:
Crary Ice Rise

Crary Ice Rise is an Antarctic ice rise in the south-central part of the Ross Ice Shelf. At 82°56'S, it is the southernmost ice rise. The feature was investigated by the USARP Ross Ice Shelf Project in the 1970s. The name came into use among USARP workers and honors Albert P. Crary (1911–87), American geophysicist.

title: Crary Ice Rise


text:
Talk:Church of Jesus Christ – Christian

This article is a duplication of this one, and ought to be deleted.

 * I have now merged what little information there was in this article into the other article. I think we can turn this article into a redirect page now. Kelisi 12:08, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree. — [[Image:Ca-on-sb.gif|20px|Flag of Scarborough, ON, Canada]] UTSRelativity (Talk)  16:41, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Church of Jesus Christ – Christian


text: Talk:St. Lawrence University

title: Talk:St. Lawrence University


text: User talk:152.42.144.1

title: User talk:152.42.144.1


text:
Laodice II

Laodice II (Λαοδίκη; lived in the 3rd century BC), was the wife of Seleucus II Callinicus. According to the express statement of Polybius, she was the sister of Andromachus and therefore the aunt of her husband. Laodice II bore Seleucus II Seleucus III Ceraunus and Antiochus III the Great. Polyaenus Strat. 8.61 has a curious story that may not be true, but calling Laodice another name: Mysta, he says "When Seleucus, surnamed Callinicus, was defeated by the Gauls at Ancyra in 237 (on behalf of Antiochus Hierax), and fell into the hands of the enemy, his wife Mysta threw aside her royal robe, put on the ragged dress of a lowly servant, and as such was sold amongst the prisoners. After having been conveyed amongst the rest of the slaves to Rhodes, there she revealed her true identity. The Rhodians immediately re-purchased her from the buyer, dressed her in a manner suitable to her rank, and conducted her to Antioch."

title: Laodice II


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Calvinism/archive1

Calvinism
Thorough, clear article about a religious topic. My own reference books were not clear at all on the topic--using relgious terminology they didn't explain. This is exactly the sort of article Wikipedia needs. Bravo to its editors. PedanticallySpeaking 13:54, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Support PedanticallySpeaking 13:54, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object the article looks good, but it needs some improvements. The lead does not meet guidelines. I would like to see Calvinism placed in the context of other movements such as Lutheranism, Catholicism, Anabaptism. What areas does Calvinism agree with other Protestant movements and what areas does it disagree. What reasons do these other groups have for rejecting Calvinism. It would be good to see a list of some major churches that consider themselves Calvinist. The educational institutions section is also very short and only lists those found in the United States. - SimonP 15:53, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - you helpfully point out the weakness in the US-centeredness of the educational institutions. It would be a challenge to describe Calvinism in relation to all those things with which it differs - which would necessitate describing those other views in sufficient detail that a fair contrast can be made - without losing focus. We've attempted to stay on topic, to allow contrasts to arise incidentally in order to avoid making a bewilderingly controversial article out of a simply descriptive one.
 * However, if it reads too much like an advertisement (if this is, more bluntly, what you are saying), we could try to give a sharper view of the controversies that surround this theology - many of these are described in very detached, neutral tones, and perhaps that is why they do not stand out for you.
 * A similar choice is made in not listing denominations, in the article. Reformed churches, as the lead says, traditionally hold to Calvinistic doctrines. The sidebar provides another brief help in that regard. The breadth of the Reformed movement is challenging to encompass.  We tried to keep the focus narrowly on what the Calvinism is, rather than who the Calvinists are. Is that really a weakness?  Mkmcconn (Talk)  23:46, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Neutral. A good start, but I think the section on "Historical background" should be renamed "History" and give a more encompassing overview of the historical development. While maybe a differentiation from Catholicism is not necessary (that should be in some article on the Reformation), Calvinisim should be situated in relation to the two other strains of Protestantism that arose more or less concurrently: Zwinglianism and Lutheranism. The unified doctrine (Zwinglians and Calvinists) developed through the Consensus Tigurinus in 1549 and the Confessio Helvetica posterior (1566) should be mentioned and put into context, also other milestones like the Heidelberg Catechism and the Canon of Dordt. The geographical spreading of Calvinism should be covered, too. The French wars of religion and the Edict of Nantes... maybe all this is so much that you'll have to spin it off into an article History of Calvinism, but if so, make that history section a summary of the spin-off article and provide a "Main article..." link. Lupo 17:09, July 25, 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.226.240.187

title: User talk:69.226.240.187


text:
Kellie Magnus

Kellie Magnus (born 10 December 1970, in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Caribbean author and journalist. She's known for authoring children’s books. Magnus currently works as the Country Lead for the Jamaican branch of Fight For Peace.

Work and career
Magnus received her undergraduate degree from Harvard University, and an MBA in Entertainment and Media Management from Columbia University. In addition to writing and publishing children's books, she writes feature articles on Caribbean entertainment and media. Publications for which she has written include The Daily News (New York City), The Jamaica Weekly Gleaner (New York City), Caribbean Beat (BWIA In-flight magazine), and The Ticket (Trinidad).

Her most recent work was a series of children's books and parents' manuals that was part of a multimedia program called Max and Friends, and that was specially designed for children with autism and related developmental disabilities. Magnus has self-published her Little Lion series of children's books, including a book called Little Lion Goes to School,  and is currently working on a series of Caribbean children's books. She is a member of JAMPACT: Jamaica Impact Inc. and serves on the board of directors of the Harlem Youth Soccer Association. Currently, she is serving as the vice-president of the Book Industry Association of Jamaica and is a coordinator of CaribLit. She also serves on the board of the Early Childhood Commission in Jamaica, and owns the small publishing company Jackmandora.

In 2014, Magnus was a featured author at the NGC Bocas Lit Fest.

title: Kellie Magnus


text:
St Julians, Newport

St Julians (Sain Silian) is a community and coterminous electoral district (ward) of the City of Newport, South Wales.

The community is bounded by the River Usk to the west and north, The Moorings, Badminton Road, Reynolds Close, Rembrandt Way, Constable Drive, Heather Road, Kelly Road, Merlin Crescent, Avalon Drive, across St Julian's Road and Norfolk Road to the east, Christchurch Road, Church Road, Clarence Place and Newport Bridge to the south. The ward includes the districts of Barnardtown, Riverside, and most of St. Julians (the rest being in Beechwood ward).

History
The Anglican parish church for St Julians is dedicated to the martyred Saints of Julius and Aaron and sits mid-way along Heather Road, while the Roman Catholic church, dedicated to St Julius, is on Beaufort Road. St Julian's Methodist Church is situated at the junction of Caerleon Road with St Julian's Avenue; St Julian's Baptist Church is in Beaufort Road. The roads in the post-war St Julian's estate are named after famous painters, whereas the older inter-war estate streets are named after the members of the Firbank family who owned the land from 1869 to 1926. St Julians itself is named after Saint Julius of Caerleon, the Roman martyr.

Education
St Julians has two primary schools, namely Glan Usk Primary School (formerly Durham Road Infant School and Durham Road Junior School) and St Julian's Primary School.

St Julian's School opened in 1953.

Glan Usk Primary School opened in January 2010, after receiving £9.7m in funding from the Welsh Government. The development is however controversial as it is situated on a former 1930s and 1960s industrial site at the Glebelands in the western part of St Julians. The new school also provides nursery school places, following the closure of Rockfield Nursery.

Governance
St Julians is also the name of the coterminous electoral ward to Newport City Council. It has been represented by three councillors on Newport Council since 1995. The ward elected three Labour Party councillors in 1995 and 1999, then three Liberal Democrat councillors in 2004 and 2008. Since 2012 the ward has elected a mixture of Labour and Lib Dem councillors.

In 2016 long-serving Lib Dem councillor Ed Townsend died and his seat was won at a by-election by his widow, Carmel Townsend. Carmel Townsend had previously won a seat at the 2008 election.

St. Julian's House
Built in 1480 on the site of a chapel that housed the mortal remains of Saint Julius, the house and estate was established by Sir George Herbert (c. 1462-1504). It was owned and lived in by the Herbert family until about 1720 when the Tudor mansion was downsized to a farmhouse and parts of the estate became derelict. St. Julian's was then passed on to the Duke of Beaufort, who leased the farmhouse out in the early 19th century. In 1869, the estate was purchased at a Newport auction by Joseph Firbank (1819-1886), a railway contractor from Durham, for £38,000. In 1880 he rebuilt St. Julian's as a Victorian farmhouse, retaining the Tudor porch and the cruciform layout. He also built a grander and more modern mansion south of Caerleon Road adjacent to Llanllecha Farm, called (Upper) St. Julian's, while the original house became Lower or Old St. Julian's. This was then leased out again to farm tenants from 1892. In 1933, Upper St. Julian's was demolished and replaced by a new housing development on Heather Road, and following the Second World War the older house was converted into a motor garage. The land surrounding the house had by this point been sold off and built on, leaving St. Julian's to become completely derelict by the 1970s. It was eventually demolished in 1980 and Marina Court is now situated on the site.

title: St Julians, Newport


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Free Software Replacements

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus to delete -- Francs2000 | Talk 12:26, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Free Software Replacements
Wikipedia is not a soapbox, Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Darrien 13:59, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Free Software. Provides useful information about current developments in the field.-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:40, 2005 July 23 (UTC)
 * Merge, as suggested by Poli. --Joel7687 15:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Replace Outlook with a PHP-based webmail script?  HA!  I do not feel the Free Software article would be enhanced by the inclusion of these suggestions. Thatdog 19:46, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, do not merge. I can bet Free Software article has enough of work of maintenance to deal with such crap information as presented here. Pavel Vozenilek 23:00, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Thatdog that this list is not particularly useful. At best it is one user's POV on what software can replace what other software. — mendel ☎ 23:08, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Free software, but only the sterile listing, not the what-it-might replace stuff. -Splash 23:15, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. GPLcruft.  Almafeta 01:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge anything useful to Free software. JamesBurns 03:59, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Free software, under neutral article part ANALOGIES, or COMAPRISION because it's usefull and NPOV to have alternatives (as we have article Comparison of text editors under Category:Software comparison).
 * Delete. The creator mixed up freeware with free software. --minghong 04:06, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Minghong, and I'd also note that we would not have an article proprietary software replacements so it is POV to have this one.  And I say that as a very happy Gentoo user.  Pakaran 04:15, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Regions of Romania (disambiguation)

The regions of Romania can refer to the:
 * Development regions of Romania, formed in 1998 to assist in regional development for the preparation of Romania's accession to the European Union
 * Historical regions of Romania
 * Regions of the People's Republic of Romania

title: Regions of Romania (disambiguation)


text:
Live at Drury Lane

Monty Python Live at Drury Lane is a live album released by Monty Python in 1974. It was recorded on the final night of their four-week run at the Drury Lane Theatre in London earlier that year and edited onto disc with new studio linking material by Eric Idle and Michael Palin. The majority of the sketches are from Flying Circus and vary slightly from their television counterparts, although "Cocktail Bar" was written for the third series but not used. The team also revived sketches from At Last The 1948 Show, including "Secret Service", "Wrestling" and "Four Yorkshiremen" - the latter on its way to being adopted as a Python standard. Neil Innes provided the musical interludes, while Eric Idle's then wife Lyn Ashley replaced regular Python actress Carol Cleveland in supporting roles.

As with its predecessor, the second side of the original UK vinyl release had a cryptic message by George Peckham etched onto the runout groove, which read " THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF PORKY TRISHY MELLY YEAH ". This message was missing from the second pressings, the label of which added the musical titles used on the album (notably for the many songs referenced in "Election Special").

To promote the album's release, a double-sided 33rpm Flexi disc was issued free with the 25 May 1974 edition of New Musical Express entitled Monty Python's Tiny Black Round Thing which contained an extended version of "Election Special" and "Lumberjack Song" with new linking material from Michael Palin.

The album was the group's most successful to date, reaching No. 19 in the UK Albums Chart.

The album was released in Canada in 1975 (distributed by GRT of Canada Ltd. 9211-4) but was not issued in the US until 1994, when it was included in the box set The Instant Monty Python CD Collection. Until then, the only live Python album released in the US had been Monty Python Live at City Center, released in 1976.

The album's cover was designed by Terry Gilliam's assistant Katy Hepburn (misspelled as "Hebbern" on the back cover). Three decades later, it made a surprise appearance in Gilliam's 2005 film Tideland, where it can be seen at the front of a box of LPs.

The performance featured Eric Idle muttering "Breakaway!" during the "Nudge, Nudge" sketch (Idle was advertising the Breakaway chocolate bar at this time), which resulted in an unexpectedly strong laugh from the audience. This moment was removed from subsequent compilations.

Although originally released in stereo, the 2006 special edition CD has the whole album mixed into mono. This is the only one of the 2006 reissues to contain no new material, with the exception of an interview placed at the end of the disc.

A limited edition 50th anniversary picture disc was released on 20 April 2024, as part of Record Store Day. This contains the album's original stereo mix.

Side one

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) Llamas
 * 3) Gumby - Flower Arranging
 * 4) Secret Service
 * 5) Wrestling
 * 6) Communist Quiz
 * 7) Idiot Song
 * 8) Albatross
 * 9) Colonel
 * 10) Nudge, Nudge
 * 11) Cocktail Bar
 * 12) Travel Agent

Side two

 * 1) Spot the Brain Cell
 * 2)  Bruces
 * 3)  Argument
 * 4)  I've Got Two Legs
 * 5)  Four Yorkshiremen
 * 6)  Election Special
 * 7)  Lumberjack Song
 * 8)  Parrot Sketch

An interview is added to the 2006 special edition

Personnel

 * Graham Chapman
 * John Cleese
 * Terry Gilliam
 * Eric Idle
 * Terry Jones
 * Michael Palin

Additional performers

 * Lyn Ashley
 * Neil Innes

Music credits
The following is the list of musical works included on the album. They comprise a mixture of Studio G, Keith Prowse and De Wolfe library music, self-penned Python and Neil Innes songs and short extracts of famous songs referenced in "Election Special".

 * 1) Granada (Dorothy Dodd & Agustin Lara)
 * 2) Happy Movement (J. Harpham)
 * 3) World In Action (K. Mansfield)
 * 4) Idiot Song (Neil Innes)
 * 5) Comic Giggles (J. Pearson)
 * 6) Bruces Song (Eric Idle)
 * 7) I've Got Two Legs (Terry Gilliam)
 * 8) Prestige Theme (K. Mansfield)
 * 9) We'll Keep a Welcome (Mai Jones, Lyn Joshua & James Harper)
 * 10) Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head (Burt Bacharach & Hal David)
 * 11) Don't Sleep In The Subway (Tony Hatch & Jackie Trent)
 * 12) Climb Every Mountain (Richard Rodgers & Oscar Hammerstein II)
 * 13) Lumberjack Song (Michael Palin, Terry Jones & Fred Tomlinson)
 * 14) Liberty Bell (John Philip Sousa, arr. Sheriff)

title: Live at Drury Lane


text:
User:Madon~enwiki

Born in Nottingham in January of 1985, Mark suffered from a rare medical condition known as Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, which is a congenital birth defect that affects approximately 1 in 3000 children (approximate figure.). Unlike the majority of cases he only suffered from it in the joints in his hands, although at the time his family was told that it was unlikely he would ever be able to write or make full use of his hands, a fact which was later disproven as he grew up and overcame his disability - much to the suprise and amazement of the doctors involved in his case.

He was adopted at the age of one year by a family from the south of Yorkshire, and moved to the county of Hertfordshire at the age of 18 months where he was transferred to a specialist team at the local hospital, who carried out various therapies in attempts to increase the use of his fingers.

The lack of usage in the fingers casued a myriad of problems throughout school, as any amount of writing caused considerable amounts of pain/discomfort for the first few years, and the ability to write anything of any length without taking long breaks every few lines didn't develop until late into secondary school, although most things by then were being written on computers, since hand written work tended to be somewhat illegible due to problems with pen manipulation at the time.

title: User:Madon~enwiki