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User:Scottkeir

Hello, I'm Scott Keir, a Wikiuser based in London, UK. I occasionally add entries, contribute sentences or references, clean up links or grammar, or stub sort items.

I might be interested in these projects in future (a note to myself as much as to you):
 * WikiProject_History_of_Science
 * WikiProject Women in Red
 * WikiProject Women in Red/Social science
 * WikiProject Women scientists
 * WikiProject Disability
 * WikiProject LGBT studies
 * WikiProject Council/Proposals/STS

and other underrepresented areas of Wikipedia.

Notability_(academics) is a page I am bookmarking here too.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Scottkeir


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

The men's 110 metres hurdles was the first of the track and field events on the athletics programme at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 14, 1900. Nine athletes from three nations competed in the shortest of the hurdling events. The event was won by Alvin Kraenzlein of the United States, the second of five consecutive victories for the nation in the first five Olympic Games. It was also the first of four consecutive podium sweeps for the Americans in the event.

Background
This was the second appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. None of the hurdlers from 1896 returned. Alvin Kraenzlein was the dominant hurdler of the time and an overwhelming favorite.

India made its first appearance in the event. France and the United States each made their second appearances, the only two nations to compete in the 110 metres hurdles in both the first two Games.

Competition format
There were three rounds: semifinals, repechages, and a final. The top runners in each of the 3 semifinal heats advanced to the final, while all other finishers in the heats moved to the repechages. Two repechage heats were held, with the winner of each advancing to the final.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics. No world record was recognized until 1912, when the IAAF recognized a 1908 performance as the first world record. Alvin Kraenzlein's 15.2 seconds in the 120 yards (slightly shorter) was the closest equivalent.

At first Alvin Kraenzlein set a new Olympic record in the first heat of the first round with 15.6 seconds. In the final he improved this to 15.4 seconds.

Semifinals
In the first round, there were three heats. The top runners in each advanced to the finals, with the other runners competing in repechage heats.

Semifinal 1
Kraenzlein set a new world record and won by three yards - though he was slower than his previous mark of 15.2 seconds at the slightly shorter 120 yards - while Choisel fell and did not finish.

Semifinal 2
Klingelhoefer pulled up lame, leaving Pritchard to win by a yard and a half.

Semifinal 3
Lécuyer had no competition in this heat, and automatically advanced to the final.

Repechage
The two repechage heats consisted of the hurdlers that had not qualified in the first round. Adolphe Klingelhoefer was forced to scratch due to injury.

The winner of each heat joined the three first round heat winners in the final.

Repechage heat 1
Moloney beat Lewis by 5$1/2$ yards.

Repechage heat 2
McLean won the second repechage heat easily to become the third person from the first preliminary heat to qualify for the final.

Final
McLean gained an early lead, due in part to a starter's error, but Kraenzlein caught him at the eighth hurdle and ran away to win by three yards, thus winning the first athletics competition of the 1900 Games. McLean was able to hold off a challenge from Moloney to finish second by a foot, with Pritchard, the winner of the second heat, pulling up lame.

All three of the Americans had come from the first preliminary heat.


text:
List of railway lines in Great Britain

This is a list of railway lines in Great Britain that are currently in operation, split by country and region.

There are a limited number of main inter-regional lines, with all but one entering Greater London. The line from London to the Channel Tunnel is the only line designated 'high speed', although the other main routes also operate limited-stop express services.

The bulk of the secondary network is concentrated in London and the surrounding East and South East regions; an area marketed by National Rail as London and the South East. The majority of these lines are radial to London. There is a further concentration of routes around Birmingham in the West Midlands and in the urbanised part of northern England that stretches from Liverpool in the west, via Greater Manchester to Leeds in the east.

Some areas, such as Wales and Scotland, have relatively sparse railway provision. There are local lines throughout all areas of Great Britain with some services designated as community railways.

London
This is a list of routes entirely contained within Greater London.

South East England
This is a list of all routes that enter the South East England region.

South West
This is a list of all routes that enter the South West England region.

North West England

This is a list of all routes that enter the North West England region.

West Midlands

This is a list of all routes that enter the West Midlands region.

Anglia
This is a list of all routes that enter the East of England region.

East Midlands

This is a list of all routes that enter the East Midlands region.

North Eastern
This is a list of all routes that enter the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East England region.

Scotrail Intercity lines

 * Edinburgh–Dundee line
 * Glasgow–Edinburgh via Falkirk line
 * Glasgow–Dundee line
 * Highland Main Line
 * Dundee–Aberdeen line
 * Aberdeen–Inverness line

Glasgow commuter lines

 * Argyle Line
 * Ayrshire Coast Line
 * Glasgow–Edinburgh via Carstairs line
 * Cathcart Circle Lines
 * Croy Line
 * Cumbernauld Line
 * Inverclyde Line
 * Maryhill Line
 * Motherwell–Cumbernauld line
 * North Clyde Line
 * Paisley Canal line
 * Shotts Line
 * Glasgow South Western Line
 * Whifflet Line

Edinburgh commuter lines

 * Glasgow–Edinburgh via Carstairs line
 * Edinburgh–Dunblane line
 * Fife Circle Line
 * North Berwick Branch
 * North Clyde Line
 * Shotts Line
 * Borders Railway

Rural lines and Great Scenic Railways

 * Borders Railway
 * Far North Line
 * Kyle of Lochalsh line
 * West Highland Line
 * Glasgow South Western Lines

Main lines

 * North Wales Main Line
 * South Wales Main Line
 * Shrewsbury–Chester line
 * Welsh Marches line

Cardiff commuter lines

 * Butetown branch line
 * Cardiff City Line
 * Coryton Line
 * Ebbw Valley Railway
 * Gloucester–Newport line
 * Maesteg Line
 * Merthyr line
 * Rhondda line
 * Rhymney line
 * Vale of Glamorgan Line

Rural lines

 * Borderlands line
 * Cambrian Line
 * Conwy Valley line
 * Heart of Wales line
 * West Wales lines

title: List of railway lines in Great Britain


text:
CKUE-FM

CKUE-FM is a radio station located in Chatham-Kent, Ontario. Owned by Blackburn Radio, the station broadcasts a classic hits format under the name 95.1/100.7 Cool FM. The station broadcasts on 95.1 MHz, and operates a rebroadcaster serving the nearby Windsor market, CKUE-FM-1, on 100.7 MHz.

CKUE's main signal is broadcast from a transmitter tower a few kilometres west of the community of Chatham, Ontario, with an effective radiated power of 42,000 watts.

The Rock (1999–2014)
The station began operations on October 6, 1999 under the ownership of Bea-Ver Communications, broadcasting an active rock format on 94.3 FM. On May 4, 2002, CKUE switched frequencies with its sister station CKSY-FM to obtain its current frequency of 95.1 FM.

CKUE began operating a synchronized on-channel rebroadcaster serving the nearby Windsor market, CKUE-FM-1, in March 2004 from an antenna mounted on the top of the 26-floor Solidarity Tower Co-Op apartment building on the city's east end. In 2005, Blackburn Radio acquired CKUE along with sister station CKSY-FM. In September 2006, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved an application by Blackburn to move the Windsor signal from 95.1 to 100.7 MHz. This change allowed the Windsor and Chatham transmitters to increase their transmitter power.

During the 2004-2005, and 2005-2006 seasons of the Ontario Hockey League, 95.1 provided live coverage of Windsor Spitfires games, with Shadd Dales on play-by-play and Brendan McGuire on colour. They returned to CKLW in 2006.

LiteFM (2014–2015)
On January 30, 2014, at 6 p.m., CKUE-FM ended its active rock format and switched to soft adult contemporary, branded as LiteFM. Station management cited increased competition from Detroit based stations as reasoning for the change.

Cool FM (2015–present)
On April 16, 2015, at 10 a.m., CKUE-FM flipped again, this time to variety hits as Cool FM; Blackburn Radio's general manager Walter Ploegman stated that the "Lite" format was characterized by listeners as being "too soft and sleepy", and that the new format would be targeted to a middle-aged adult demographic that is "on the go, active, and looking for fun".

In 2016, a new low-powered FM station began testing in nearby Ferndale, Michigan, also on 100.7 MHz. Named WFCB-LP, the station broadcasts at just 100 watts at 81 feet above the ground, and may be subject to interference from CKUE-FM-1, due to its vastly higher power (3840 watts average, 9000 peak), and the fact that its antenna atop Solidarity Tower is adjacent to the Detroit River, and therefore, only a few hundred feet from the Canada–United States border (which sits in the middle of the river).

In the summer of 2018, the "Cool" format was modified from variety hits to a more rock-oriented classic hits format. The station now uses the tagline "Great Hits and Real Classics" rather than "We Play it All".

title: CKUE-FM


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Talk:Alternative worship

Hope all you hardcore postmodern emergents don't have a problem with me starting this article. Please feel free to hash and rehash. I don't pretend that this is anywhere near the tip of the iceberg on the subject of Alt/Worship I just felt that it deserved its own article and not a redirect to Emerging Church since the two don't really define each other. Have fun with it! And God Bless! --Icj tlc 17:08, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Removed POV tag added by anon user that has had no explanation given or action taken for over six months. Vassyana 10:50, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
Needs rephrasing towards a proper tone. History of the movement, its relevence and its relations with the rest of the religious community should be discussed as well. Vassyana 10:48, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

No citations
More external references and in article citations are needed to meet Wikipedia standards. There are references provided, but no indication of how these references fit into the article (if at all). Vassyana 10:54, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alternative worship


text:
Talk:Didsbury, Alberta

Major editing
Just finished re-doing the Didsbury page. Removed three of the four pictures, which were from the Commons, instead replacing them with a Commons link box to page containing the three other pictures. Added more information (and general editing), and added some external links to page. Removed directional box, which caused too many problems with the page's format, I instead replaced it with the nearby towns placed within the article.

--- Yetiwriter

title: Talk:Didsbury, Alberta


text:
User talk:Animeanonymous~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia!
Welcome to the Wikipedia, Animeanonymous! And thanks for weighing in on the Mind contol article...

Here are some perfunctory tips to speed your acculturation into the Wikipedia experience:

 * Take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial.
 * When it strikes your fancy, try to grasp some of the nuances at Manual of Style, Assume good faith and Policies and Guidelines.  But keep in mind the unique style you brought to the Wiki!
 * Don't worry about keeping up with the Jones' learning curve on NPOV, but be respectful of others' POV and use a neutral point of view; your unique perspective on the meaning of neutrality is invaluable!
 * If you need any help, post your question at the Help Desk.
 * Explore, be bold in editing, and, above all else, have fun!

And some odds and ends:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes: ~~~~.

Best of luck, Animeanonymous, and have fun! Ombudsman 00:07, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Animeanonymous. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Animeanonymous~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:02, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:31, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Animeanonymous~enwiki


text: User talk:86.135.128.20

title: User talk:86.135.128.20


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keeley

Keeley
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Redwolf24 06:02, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Keeley, outside of the Page 3 girl fame, is not notable enough to have her own entry on Wikipedia. The lack of verifiable data also renders this page worthless. Unless she's done something of notability, the entry on the Page 3 girl article regarding Keeley is sufficient. Also, grounds for deletion should also include this article being one of vanity. Thus, delete. -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. 00:08, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain. Would like to see this article expanded before casting a final vote.  —RaD Man (talk) 00:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've not been able to find any via any Google searches. (Maybe she's known by another name?) In any event, I'm notifying the user who created the page that the article has been VfD'ed. -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. 00:17, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not averse to Page 3 girls having an article if there is something to say about them, but (as Joe Beaudoin Jr. says), there is nothing useful about her on Google so it is hard to see this article being expanded into something worth having. Would be willing to change my vote if the page is given some more useful information though.
 * Delete No notability established. --TheMidnighters 00:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Easy to look at; hard to establish notability. Fernando Rizo T/C 00:32, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Fernando hansamurai 飯侍 (burp) 00:42, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. The article's content is much the same as that of Anna Taverner was before the latter was deleted. Might be worthy of an article, but it would have to be better than this to merit a keep vote. Flowerparty talk 01:08, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Being a Page 3 girl is not enough in itself unless she has done other things to become notable. Capitalistroadster 03:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I believe that this page can be expanded and that there is no need to delete it for the time being7121989
 * Delete — nn — RJH 20:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We have to give articles time to expand. -- Crevaner 20:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As noted by multiple voters, simply being a Page 3 girl is not encyclopedically notable. Quale 22:10, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. She is so sexy. Wikipedia needs more sexy girls. I'm serious. We have too many articles on SQL servers and Linux hashes. We need more sex. Please keep this. She is the sexiest girl I've seen in a long time.--Muchosucko 07:10, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep and Expand. Ashmodai 10:37, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * For the reasons that I gave in Votes for deletion/Anna Taverner, which apply here too, Delete. Uncle G 13:53:54, 2005-07-27 (UTC)
 * Delete for same reasons other page 3ers were. -R. fiend 15:40, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * MERGE into List of Page 3 girls 132.205.3.20 21:17, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no real claim to notability.--Pharos 04:19, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keeley


text:
FAIR (Mormon apologetics organization)

FAIR (Faithful Answers, Informed Response), formerly known as FairMormon and the Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research (FAIR), is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization that specializes in Mormon apologetics and responds to criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). FAIR comprises volunteers who seek to answer questions submitted to its web site. It was founded in November 1997 by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who wanted to defend their faith on AOL message boards. The members of FAIR are international volunteers. FAIR holds an annual conference where topics of current apologetic issues are presented. The organization also publishes a monthly electronic newsletter (the FairMormon Journal) and a daily news-clipping service (the FairMormon Front Page).

FAIR is not officially affiliated with the LDS Church, though its members are "all committed to defending the Church".

Name
At its inception, FAIR was known as the Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research (FAIR). However, because of widespread unfamiliarity with the meaning of apologetics as reasoned argumentation, in August 2013 the organization announced it would change its name from FAIR to FairMormon.

Steven, vice-president at the time, explained:

“We have changed our name and are updating our websites in order to make them more easily accessible. The name has been simplified. Instead of The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, it is now simply FairMormon. Hopefully this will be easier to remember and will allow us to spend more time doing apologetics rather than spending our time explaining what apologetics is. Our mission has not changed, but hopefully, with the name change and the changes with the websites, our organization will be more effective."

In February 2021, the organization announced an official rebranding effort, including a new name, website, and logo, in response to requests from church president Russell M. Nelson to avoid using the colloquial term "Mormon" to refer to the church or to Latter-day Saints. The group returned to the name FAIR, though it changed the acronym to stand for "Faithful Answers, Informed Response".

Websites
Mormon Voices is a website run by FAIR which seeks to defend representations of the LDS Church in the media.

Mormon FAIR-Cast
FAIR also sponsors a podcast called the Mormon FAIR-Cast. In 2011 and 2013, it won an award for best podcast in the Religion Inspiration category of the People's Choice Podcast Awards.

title: FAIR (Mormon apologetics organization)


text: User talk:161.253.47.94

title: User talk:161.253.47.94


text:
Template:Districts of Frankfurt am Main

{{Documentation|content=

title: Template:Districts of Frankfurt am Main


text:
Talk:Shaykh Ahmad

Maulana
It wasn't that bad, I just thought you downplayed the Bab by making him a reformer and putting him on an equal level with some guy from Kirman that really did nothing. That's exactly what I would expect Maulana to do. As far as academics, Maulana and The Dawnbreakers are opposite extremes, and you were leaning toward Maulana.

I think we should mention that 6 million people consider Shaykh Ahmad as part of their spiritual heritage. It sets him apart from just some no-name Arab guy from 2 centuries ago. Cunado19 00:09, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Nah I see your point, but its not cuz of Maulana. He has a single mention of this character, but I think its important to mention him. The Dawnbreakers however has little on pre-Ali-Muhammad shaykhism unlike Maulana. I was trying to word it that the Bab had a real impact on mid 19th century Persia with its radical/revolutionary nature (how often do sects take up arms against a whole country?). Anyway, its not much different now so I'm quite happy. -- Tomhab 19:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Oh I agree, he's mentioned in the Dawn-breakers actually a few times I remember. He tried to publish work and asked Siyyid Kazim to approve of it, which he didn't. I think he's important enough to mention. Anyway I like the article how it is now, I don't plan on spending any more time here since there's 50 other articles I want to work on. Cunado19 00:02, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this before or after your wiki-break? ;) -- Tomhab 21:28, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Work in references plus rewrite for clarity
Hey all. I just did a medium-ish rewrite of several pieces, mostly within Succession, as well as did more referencing. I converted the Cole references and spread specific Nabil references throughout various areas of the text. I'd love it if we had other sources that could balance Nabil (see above conversation), but at least it's verifiable source material. --Christian Edward Gruber 21:27, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, I went way further than I had originally intended, but hey. I have some referencing to do, and some improvement/expansion on the text, but this is starting to look like a real article. :)  --Christian Edward Gruber 23:36, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice work Christian, the article is much better now. -- Jeff3000 01:55, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks Jeffeezy (small ATHF reference, if you're in the know). It still needs work, but it's getting there.  I wish the english site that has lots of Shaykh Ahmad's stuff on it were actually more than a stub, 'cause the Arabic site seems like it has tons of material.  Being limited to Nabil, Cole, and a few others (as good as they all are) is really frustrating.  --Christian Edward Gruber 02:22, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

there is no language tag to the Arabic article. You should add the link, or post it here and I'll add it. Cuñado  -  Talk  15:36, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Today
This article is written as if the Shaykhi movement is dead. I would have thought it is very active even today - many many people in Kerman belong to it. Refdoc 08:53, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There are still people who claim to be Nazis, but the movement is dead. The Shaykhi movement of 19th century Persia is dead. Cuñado  [[image:Bahaitemplatestar.png|20px]] -  Talk  18:02, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

This is probably the most braindead answer I had so far on any question here... If there are many people who describe themselves as Sheikhis/Shaykhis then the movement is very much alive. AFAIK large poarts of Kermani population are Sheikhis. Their leadership had some trouble under Khomeini, but nothing widespread and significant. The article appears to be grossly biased towards a Shaykhi-as-pre-Bahai POV. Refdoc 16:34, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Please be WP:CIVIL. If there are Shakhis still in Iran who believe in the same beliefs as the movement that Shaykh Ahmad then there shouldn't be too difficult to find some non-self published verifiable and reliable sources. -- Jeff3000 17:03, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Thanks Jeff. I apologise for my "braindead" comment, must say though if Goodwin is brought in within the very first response a sensible discussion becomes hard. Sheikhi/Sheykhi/Shaykhi - I do struggle with literature. Google is pretty dead as a source - apart from the links leading to Bahaism. What I know would all fall down under "original research" and is therefore not useful for here. Essentially it seems to me (and this is from conversations with non-sheykhi Kermani friends) that large numbers of modern day Kermanis are Sheykhis, that there is no (obvious) connection to Bahaism, that the movement is very secretive and quietistic (hence little or no lieterature in th eWest), that the movement owns large parts of the modern Kermani infrastructure, that there had been some serious trouble at the begin of the revolution for the leader of the movement (killed?) and that it is still going strong. Now this is my personal knowledge, but in this form it can not enter the encyclopedia, obviously. Something big is missing but so far I can not verify it. Hence my initial question. And my upset with silly Nazi quotes. Refdoc 17:36, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Yes, the Shaykhi movement is very much alive today and there is some significant scholarship in Western languages on contemporary Shaykhis in various parts of the Muslim world. A number of articles on contemporary Shaykhism can be found in Rainer Brunner and Werner Ende, eds., _The Twelver Shi’a in Modern Times_,  Leiden:  Brill, 2001. There are significant Shaykhi communities in Iran, `Iraq, the Indian Subcontinent and elsewhere, with very large collections of Shaykhi materials maintained at European and North American libraries. I agree with Refdoc about the Baha'i bias, something which has been a continual pattern in Wiki articles relating in any way to the history of the Baha'i religion. Wikipedia is not a "teaching opportunity." Masarra 20:26, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * First of all, assume good faith; the fact that the other sources other than Baha'i sources are not used in article is not a bias. The fact is that no other sources have thus far been presented, and it is not the fault of Baha'i editors who used what is known to them to document the life of Shaykh Amhad.  If you have sources, use them to better the article assuming bad faith of the editors.  -- Jeff3000 20:39, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Just looked at the book mentioned above, and there's plenty here in this one book in the way of verifiable and reliable reference on contemporary Shaykhism in various parts of the Muslim world. One article with a particularly contemporary focus is Syed Hussain Arif Naqvi's "The Controversy About the Shaykhiyya Tendency Among Shia 'Ulama in Pakistan," pp. 135-49. The article notes that Shaykhism is nearly as old in the Subcontinent as in Iran, a student of Kazim Rashti having introduced the school to Lucknow in the first half of the 19th century. The article is interesting for a number of other reasons, including the fact that the controversies surrounding Shaykhism had little or nothing to do with the characteristics of Shaykhism emphasized in Baha'i writings, such as Shoghi Effendi's Dawnbreakers. The central issue in this case was that of tafwid, which indeed was the cause for the opposition to Shaykh Ahmad during his own lifetime. It is also interesting to note that the defenders of Shaykhi tenets in Pakistan in the 1960s argued that the opponents of Shaykhism were covertly missionizing for Wahhabism and that their disdain for the Shaykhi view of the status of the Imams was Wahhabi-inspired. Masarra 20:45, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * If you can source things, add to the article. Baha'is created this page, along with Sayyid Kazim and other similar events of the time because it is important to Baha'i history. Please don't insinuate that it is the duty of Baha'is to perform exhaustive and comprehensive research on the Shaykhi movement. As far as my comment above about the movement being dead, I've never heard of the Shaykhi movement having followers after the 19th century. They are usually only mentioned in historical accounts due to their connection with the Babi and Baha'i religions. Even the religion of the Bab, which historically outweights Shaykh Ahmad, is only known casually (if at all) as being the precursor to the Baha'i movement. Cuñado  [[image:Bahaitemplatestar.png|20px]] -  Talk  02:18, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

To be perfectly straight - I did not insinuate anything when I said the article is biased. Bias as such is a neutral term describing a fact of an incomplete and lopsided article. I most certainly do not and did not accuse Baha'is as introducing bias - which would be an unfair accusation. I think if everyone mentions what they know, this will lead over time to good articles - with intermittent periods of bias and lopsidedness, quite naturally.

I am grateful for Massara's quote and contribution because this is the kind of thing I was looking/asking for. Are there any internet links as I am far from any library? Refdoc 09:03, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I think when I first wrote part of this article a while ago (upon which others have expanded) I was writing it under the impression that it was no longer a (significant) movement. I apologise if I was inaccurate. As it happens the source I was using wasn't a Baha'i source but a Muslim one (which wasn't pariticularly keen on Babis, Baha'is or Shaykis to be honest). I can't remember ever reading a Baha'i source about the Shaykis after 1844.

 * If anyone knows much about today's Shaykis then including it can only improve the article. As always good sourcing is helpful. -- Tomhab 12:22, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

 * And just a quick endorsement - I've seen Refdoc in and out of the Baha'i pages ever since I started here around 2 years ago. Along with a couple of other administrators I've known, I'd very much trust his opinion of an article's bias. Nevertheless, Baha'is would tend to know about Baha'i history... -- Tomhab 12:37, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Thank, Tomhab. I wouls suggest two things 1) separation of the Shaykh Ahmad article from a new article on Shaykhis in general and 2) expansion of the latter to introduce material on current state. Refdoc 14:26, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I reckon we should include a little about Siyyid Kazim who succeeded Shaykh Ahmad (as far as I'm aware uncontested, although I'm hardly an expert) -- Tomhab 23:05, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Shi'i, Shi'a etc.
Cunado, my minor change had nothing to do with Baha'i spelling conventions. Shi'a or Shi'ah is a collective noun meaning, in CNN terms, "the Shi'ites" (it can also of course have a more general meaning, "the partisans," "the followers"). Shi'i (but never Shi'ih, as there's no ta marbuta or ha' here) is an adjective meaning "Shi'itic" and a noun for a single member of the Shi'a.  Ahmad al-Ahsa'i's movement was Shi'i, i.e. it was Shi'itic in character. Masarra 22:03, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the clarification. I know that Shoghi Effendi transliterated ta marbuta endings as "ih" when they are normally "ah" due to the Isfahani accent that he came from. Example: Tahirih instead of Tahirah. I thought this was the issue, and I was trying to correct it. Cuñado  [[image:Bahaitemplatestar.png|20px]] -  Talk  00:28, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Gone from Iranica
I followed the link to Iranica, and they seem to have removed the article on Shaykh Ahmad (unless I am particularly obtuse today). J S Ayer (talk) 00:58, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Shaykh Ahmad


text:
Zig Zag Girl

The Zig-Zag Girl illusion is a stage illusion akin to the more famous sawing a woman in half illusion. In the Zig-Zag illusion, a magician divides an assistant into thirds, only to have them emerge from the illusion at the end of the performance completely unharmed.

It was invented in 1965 by magician Robert Harbin.

Harbin was frustrated by his illusions being pirated by other magicians, and this inspired him to publish the method in his book The Magic of Robert Harbin (1970). The book was limited to 500 copies, and owners of the book were granted permission to build or have built the Zig Zag Girl (or indeed any other of the items in the book). The rights to the book and the Zig Zag illusion were then in time passed to The Magic Circle in the wake of Harbin's death. The concept of dividing a lady assistant into two or three parts was something that Harbin experimented with throughout his career before creating his ultimate divide, the Zig Zag Girl. Evidence of his fascination with this concept of dividing an assistant can be found in his earlier publications; the closest relative to the Zig Zag is the "Little by Little" illusion, which was also explained in The Magic of Robert Harbin.

The effect
The assistant (usually a woman) is placed in an upright cabinet, her face, hands, and left foot visible through openings in the front of the cabinet. Large metal blades are inserted horizontally in the cabinet's midsection, dividing it—and presumably the assistant inside—into thirds. The magician then slides the cabinet's midsection apart from the top and bottom thirds, giving the appearance that the assistant's midsection has been pulled away from the rest of her, giving her a "zig-zag" shape. While divided, a small door on the cabinet's midsection can be opened to examine—even touch—the assistant's body inside, a duty frequently performed by an audience member brought up on stage to help perform the illusion. At the completion of the illusion, the assistant's midsection is slid back into place, the two blades removed, and she steps out of the cabinet unscathed.

Further developments
A number of magicians have begun performing variations on the basic illusion. In some, rather than the assistant's face being visible through a hole in the front of the cabinet, their entire head projects out of the cabinet through a hole in its upper surface. In another variation, rather than being divided into three pieces, the assistant is instead divided into five - This variation is commonly referred to as the "Five-Way Zig-Zag".

Method
The method of this trick was partially explained by Masked Magician Val Valentino as part of a Fox TV series called Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed. The trick hinges on two things: that people will not suspect the woman is key for the trick to work, and that the box is larger than it appears. Details are as follows:
 * 1) Unlike more conventional magic tricks, this illusion relies on the skill of the woman inside, while the magician outside is a demonstrator. The success of the illusion rests on the woman's ability to fit into the smallest possible space.
 * 2) The black strips down the sides make the box appear narrow. In reality, all that black space is usable. The box accommodates the woman (although it is a very tight fit).
 * 3) The blades are inserted into the right side of the box. It appears as if the blades take up more space; when inserted, the handle fills up the width of the box on the outside: but the blade inside only slices a portion of the box.
 * 4) The sliding contraption is not as narrow as it seems. Black paint hides a column that gives extra space for the woman. The designer of the box must give the most space to the woman while making it appear as small as possible.

Cultural references

 * Films
 * In the comedy film A Pleasure Doing Business (1979), actress Misty Rowe is shown inside of a trisected Zig Zag Girl box, although the trick itself is not depicted.

 * Literature
 * In Elly Griffiths' mystery novel The Zig Zag Girl (2014), detective Edgar Stephens enlists the help of his former military buddy, master magician and former Magic Circle member Max Mephisto, to solve the murder of a young woman whose body was cut in thirds like a Zig Zag Girl's, the body parts placed in boxes akin to magicians' Zig Zag Girl prop boxes.
 * The title character in Steve Martin's play The Zig-Zag Woman spends the majority of the play in a Zig Zag Girl box.

 * Television
 * In the TV series Monk (Season 7, Episode 15: "Mr Monk and the Magician"), a Zig Zag cabinet is used with Adrian Monk inside the cabinet.
 * In the episode "Our Very First Telethon" of Full House, Joey performs this trick with Rebecca standing in as his assistant.
 * In season 4, episode 10 of the animated sitcom Bob's Burgers, Tina is left in the Zig Zag box after she volunteers for the role of assistant with her uninterested crush.
 * In Season 5, episode 4 of Inside No 9, "Misdirection", the lead character's wife is seen inside a Zig Zag Girl cabinet, rehearsing for a show.

title: Zig Zag Girl


text:
Talk:Capital Regional District

Untitled
A population figure for the Capital Region would be useful,as the Capital Region is seperate from Greater Victoria.Greater Victoria does'nt include Saltspring island and other areas under the realm of the Capital Region.Thanks.

Victoria, Greater Victoria, and the CRD
I suggest that the article Greater Victoria, British Columbia be merged with, and redirected to this one. Quite frankly, the conflations of these two pages and the Victoria, British Columbia page are a mess. Any objections if I go ahead and fix things? Fishhead64 07:48, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Regional material
(cc'd to Talk:Victoria, British Columbia and Talk:Greater Victoria)

1. Establish as definitively as possible what is considered Greater Victoria.

2. Then decide whether its article is necessary or whether its theme duplicates much of what is in its component parts/CRD articles. I haven't done a thorough enough analysis yet. If anyone has any cites or thoughts, feel free to share them.

3. If it's established that the Greater Victoria article is close enough to the Capital Regional District article by geographic theme-- beyond noting the Gulf Island differences &etc-- then I wouldn't hesitate to suggest a merge. This would create an article in the vein of Greater Vancouver Regional District which, one might note, mentions the term 'Greater Vancouver' prominently. A merge does not mean that the material within the Greater Victoria is gone, but that non-duplicate material would be incorporated, into the CRD article. An automatic REDIRECT would be created, thus allowing the term 'Greater Victoria' to forward to 'Captial Regional District'. Also, for added emphasis, an explanatory note within the final article would state the differences.

4. If it's established that the Greater Victoria article isn't primarily duplication that could be included in the CRD in the same manner as Greater Vancouver is forwarded/included in Greater Vancouver Regional District, then it should be kept on its own merits.

5. This whole thing will probably take many days and weeks. That's just the nature of the beast.
 * My first impression is that Greater Victoria is mostly a list, that could be merged with the differences noted.Keefer | Talk 00:27, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * My own feeling is that the CRD and Greater Victoria are sufficiently different to warrant distinct articles - the exclusion of the Gulf Islands and Sooke and east being the key issue. Your point on the GVRD is noted, but also note the existence of a parallel article to Greater Victoria, namely Lower Mainland. Fishhead64 16:31, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Not why I dropped by, but considering the discussion above, the new subcats to Vancouver Island's cat get tangled in the same way; I'll have to read close to see the consensus on what's in Greater Victoria vs what's in the CRD...."Saanich Peninsula" is a subcat of "Greater Victoria" for example; suppose a Western Communities cat also applies. Also been puzzling on a name for the "Juan de Fuca region", unless that'll do.....and would that include Sooke?Skookum1 (talk) 14:57, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

CRD online Atlas
This may already be linked, but the CRD natural areas atlas and its sisters on the same page look interesting; the maps are copyrighted but there could be lots of information to help articles with....Skookum1 (talk) 14:57, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

F, G and and San Juan EAs - merge
Capital F, British Columbia, Capital G, British Columbia and Juan de Fuca Electoral Area have no reason to exist as separate articles and should be merged here.Skookum1 (talk) 21:46, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Capital Regional District


text:
File:Supertones strike back.jpg

Licensing
Supertones Strike Back album

title: File:Supertones strike back.jpg


text:
Talk:Maximal consistent set

Isn't the following:

 * The set is closed under a number of conditions internally modelling the T-schema:
 * For example, for a set $$S\!$$: $$A \land B \in S$$ iff $$A \in S \land B \in S$$,
 * or, $$(\exists x. \phi(x)) \in S$$ iff $$\exists t \in T. (\phi(t)) \in S)$$, where $$T$$ is the Herbrand universe of $$S$$.

a consequence of point 1 and 3? Baarslag 00:10, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maximal consistent set


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mitchell kohn

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Redwolf24 05:56, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Mitchell kohn
Vanity, and an advertisement for a company. Jtkiefer T - 00:11, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Clear vanity. Forgot to sign, sorry. Agentsoo 00:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, ad. --TheMidnighters 00:28, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity hansamurai 飯侍 (burp) 00:38, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Advertising, vanity. Forbsey 00:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable, advertising. Gblaz 01:12, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Seems awfully enchanted. Ad. Probell 11:28, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'd say it's more vanity than advertising. -- BMIComp  (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 17:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity ad. Hall Monitor 19:53, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity/ad/spam. -- Etacar11   23:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete self promotion. JamesBurns 08:38, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, non-notable and random. Ashmodai 10:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Bunba

Please do not remove votes or comments from VFD. It is considered vandalism. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 00:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bunba


text:
Yamaha Diversion

The Yamaha Diversion is a series of all-round touring motorcycles descended from Yamaha's earlier XJ series. Early Diversion models had a four-stroke air-cooled 8-valve inline-four engine. In 2009 the model name was retained for a new range with 16-valve liquid-cooled engines.

Diversion models
Before the introduction of the 2009 models the series consisted of four main models; the XJ600S, XJ600N, XJ900S and XJ900GT and the lesser known YBR125 Diversion.

The XJ600S Diversion/Seca II
The XJ600S is known as the Diversion in most parts of the world but as the Seca II in the North American and Australian markets. The bike has a small top fairing although a lower fairing is available as an accessory. The XJ600S is a descendant of the XJ600 models manufactured between 1984 and 1991. It is fitted with a 598cc, air-cooled 8-valve inline-four engine producing 61 hp and 55 Nm. The engine from the original XJ600 model was tuned towards improved low- and midrange power, sacrificing some peak power.

600cc Diversion models were manufactured from 1992 to 2004. US Seca IIs were manufactured from 1992 to 1998. As the Diversion/Seca II design is based on an earlier, well-matured model, changes made to the bike during these years were rather subtle, mostly concerning improvements in fairing: a second front-brake disc and small oil cooler appeared on the 1996 model along with improvements to the carburettors.

The Diversion favours an upright riding position more than most 600cc sport bikes, making it usable for commuting. It remained in production for quite a long time, probably due to its low price, modest fuel consumption, longevity and reliability.

The XJ600N
The XJ600N is almost identical to the XJ600S except that it is a naked bike and the instrument panel is different, as it turns with the handlebars. This model was not sold in North America.

The XJ900S/XJ900GT
The XJ900 is a descendant of the earlier XJ900 model. The XJ900S and the XJ900GT are both the same basic motorcycle except the GT, typically for touring motorcycles, has a large fairing and two Krauser K2 panniers while the XJ900S has a small top fairing like the XJ600S. On the dashboard (wider than that of the 600cc models) there are some extra gauges such as a fuel gauge. It is a sports/touring machine fitted with an 892cc, air-cooled 8-valve inline-four engine with 89 hp and 85 Nm. The XJ900S/GT has a shaft drive while the 600cc models are chain driven.

The XJ900S/GT is known as Diversion 900 on the European market. In the United States the bike appeared as the 1983 Seca XJ900RK.

Police versions
The Yamaha Diversion has been used as a police motorcycle all over the world. Such models are built by Yamaha to the specifications of individual police departments. Generally the XJ900S is chosen for police use but the XJ600S has also been used. Police specification Diversions are commonly referred to as XJ900P (P for Police) although Yamaha refers to them by their usual model designation (XJ900S or XJ600S) as they do not constitute a separate model.

XJ6 Diversion, XJ6 N and XJ6 Diversion F
In 2009 Yamaha re-launched the Diversion line in the form of the XJ6 Diversion, XJ6 N and XJ6 Diversion F. The former has a half-fairing while the N version is a naked motorcycle. The fully faired FZ6R is the American equivalent to the European XJ6 Diversion F model with the exception of not having the ABS and electronic immobilizer. The engine is a detuned Fazer engine and both versions are offered with optional ABS braking. The new line has upgraded to a liquid-cooled 16 valve 4-stroke forward-inclined parallel 4-cylinder engine developing 78 horsepower (57 kW) / 59.7 Nm. Yamaha has kept the engine displacement at 600cc for the new Diversion line.

The YBR125 Diversion was also available in France around 2005

Specifications
XJ600N/S

title: Yamaha Diversion


text:
User talk:AcefaloSonriente

Hello everyone

title: User talk:AcefaloSonriente


text:
Owney Madden

Owen Vincent "Owney" Madden (December 18, 1891 – April 24, 1965) was a British-born American gangster who was a leading underworld figure in New York during Prohibition. Nicknamed "The Killer", he garnered a brutal reputation within street gangs and organized crime. He ran the Cotton Club in Manhattan and was a leading boxing promoter. After increased attention from law enforcement in New York, Madden moved to Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1935, where he remained until his death from natural causes in 1965.

Early life
Owen Vincent Madden was born into a working-class family at 25 Somerset Road in Leeds, England, on December 18, 1891, the son of Irish immigrants Francis Madden and Mary Madden (née O'Neil.) After his mother became a widow she emigrated to New York to become a maid, leaving Owen and his sister Mary and brother Martin in a British orphanage. In 1896, Owen's mother saved up enough money to buy tickets for them to join her in New York City.

Young Madden grew up on the streets of New York, where he learned how to use blackjacks, brass knuckles, baseball bats, pipes, and knives, including the stiletto. By the age of 21 years old, Madden had become the leader of a feared New York street gang known as the Gopher Gang. He earned the nickname, "The Killer" for getting away with two brazen murders. On September 6, 1911, he shot dead a gang member of the rival Hudson Dusters in the heart of Dusters' territory around 30th Street. In February 1912, Madden was on a crowded street trolley, arguing with a store clerk named William Henshaw about a woman. Madden shot Henshaw, a non-gang member, in the face; as he was dying, Henshaw named Madden as his killer. Despite the police having his name and eyewitnesses to the crime, Madden never went to trial—witnesses in both killings were intimidated, and disappeared.

In 1915, he eventually went to prison for ordering the killing of William "Little Patsy Doyle" Moore, who had been waging a three-year vendetta campaign against Madden and the Gopher Gang.

Prohibition

After serving seven years of a 10-to-20-year sentence for Moore's manslaughter, Madden was released on parole in 1923. The Gopher Gang had broken up, and many members of his own faction were either in Sing Sing or working for bootlegging gangs.

During this time, Madden employed a young friend as a personal driver. The driver, George Raft, later became a film star noted for his authentic portrayals of gangland figures.

The Cotton Club
Madden purchased the Club Deluxe from former heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson and reopened it a year later. Nightclub patrons flooded into Harlem from downtown Manhattan to catch performers such as Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, and the Nicholas Brothers. Madden and his partners, Big Bill and George Jean "Big Frenchy" DeMange, also muscled their way into a piece of the exclusive Stork Club, where the influential gossip columnist Walter Winchell held court and everyone who was anyone wanted to see and be seen. As a celebrity with ownership in more than twenty night clubs, Madden became well-known and glamorized for his Prohibition-era activities. He also gained recognition for his revenge tactics and payoffs of City Hall.

Self-exile in Hot Springs
In 1932, Madden was involved in the murder of Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll, who had been extorting money from several mobsters, including DeMange and Madden. After being arrested for a parole violation that same year, Madden began facing greater harassment from police and encroachment on his territory by Italian-American Mafia families, until he finally left New York in 1935.

Leaving behind racketeering, Madden settled in Hot Springs, Arkansas, which had become known as a haven for various criminals, with a corrupt city government and police force. He also became involved in local criminal activities, especially illegal gambling. The Southern Club became a popular nightspot for mobsters; Charles "Lucky" Luciano was apprehended there in 1936. Madden became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1943 and eventually married the daughter of the city postmaster. He lived in Hot Springs until his death in 1965.

title: Owney Madden


text:
Qikiqtarjuaq

Qikiqtarjuaq (formerly known as Broughton Island until November 1998, ) is a community located on Broughton Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. The island is known for Arctic wildlife (ringed seals, polar bears, bowhead whales, narwhals), bird watching at the Qaqulluit National Wildlife Area (qaqulluit is the Inuktitut word for northern fulmar). The community serves as the northern access point for Auyuittuq National Park and Pangnirtung is the southern access point.

Qikiqtarjuaq hosts an annual Suicide Prevention Walk. Local participants would walk a total distance of 60 km across the tundra from Kivitoo, an old whaling station. Today the walk is much shorter than the original two and a half days, but it is still meant to promote hope among the community.

The community hosts a two-week celebration over the Christmas and New Year period every year. Visitors are warmly welcomed and encouraged to join the festivities and games.

Near Qikiqtarjuaq was the home of FOX-5, a Distant Early Warning Line and now a North Warning System site.

In July 2011, Qikiqtarjuaq was featured in the BBC Radio 4 comedy series Cabin Pressure.

Geography
Qikiqtarjuaq is situated above the Arctic Circle and off eastern Baffin Island. Both Davis Strait and Baffin Bay run to the east, and the Baffin Mountains are located to the west, more specifically the Arctic Cordillera mountain range. It is also one of the Nunavut communities closest to Greenland.

Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Qikiqtarjuaq had a population of 593 living in 164 of its 193 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 598. With a land area of 130.8 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Services
It is served by Qikiqtarjuaq Airport,.

There are two grocery stores; the Co-Op and the Northern Store (with a Canada Post kiosk). There are no restaurants or banks. Various accommodations are available. A health centre and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) detachment are present as well. The health centre is composed of two nurses, an X-ray technician, a community health coordinator, a mental health worker, and administrative staff.

The community has a hamlet building where municipal affairs are conducted with a large community hall and meeting room. There is one school for K-12 students called Inuksuit School, and attached to the building is a small campus for Nunavut Arctic College. The Piqalujaujaq Visitors Centre shares a building with the Auyuittuq National Park office. Access to Auyuittuq National Park north entrance is approximately two hours by boat in the summer months, two - two and a half hours by vehicle or snowmobile in winter months. All park visitors must register and book an orientation session prior to entry into the park, and non-Inuit who visit Auyuittuq must do so by hiring a local licensed operator. Qikiqtarjuaq is a popular stop for pilots who fly smaller aircraft to and from Europe. The airport has a 3,803 by gravel runway that is maintained. Qikiqtarjuaq is considerably closer to Kangerlussuaq, Greenland than Iqaluit (CYFB). The instrument approach minima for the non-directional beacon (NDB) approach at CYVM is relatively high (2,000 feet barometric, 1,982 AGL) due to high terrain surrounding the airport. An airport advisory service, Qikiqtarjuaq Airport Radio, a Community Airport Radio Station (CARS), provides assistance to pilots during normal business hours, and provides weather observation services. An automatic weather observation service (AWOS) operates when Qikiqtarjuaq Radio is unattended.

There is also an access road that was built to Tisunaaq, also known as Ceetee Land to the Elders, and another road is in construction to Qikiqtarjuaqruluk, or Old Broughton, an abandoned settlement. Kivitoo, an old whaling station, is located 90 km to the north and is currently abandoned.

Broadband communications
The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. Qiniq is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada. In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice. In 2020, Bell Mobility established a data tower and provides high-speed mobile and internet connectivity within the community.

Climate
Qikiqtarjuaq has a tundra climate (ET), with the warmest month averaging below 6 C. Summers tend to be cool with chilly nights, while winters are long and cold. Early winter is the snowiest time of the year, with more than half of all year snowfall on average falling during this period.

title: Qikiqtarjuaq


text:
Emerson Thome

Emerson Augusto Thome (born 30 March 1972), also known as Paredão, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a central defender.

Career
He first came to England towards the end of the 1997–98 season when moving to Sheffield Wednesday from Portuguese club Benfica, who signed him from Tirsense in 1994–95, when the "jesuítas" stood one win away from a UEFA Cup position. Whilst at Hillsborough. Thome scored twice for Wednesday, once against Stockport County in the FA Cup and once against Wimbledon in the league.

In late 1999, with the Owls staring at the prospect of possible relegation in the face, he made the move to Chelsea for a fee of £2.7 million. He was to remain at Stamford Bridge for just nine months, as he found it hard to break up the tried and tested central defensive partnership of Marcel Desailly and Frank Leboeuf. Thome was cup-tied for Chelsea's victorious 1999–2000 FA Cup campaign. He did however start when Chelsea memorably beat Barcelona 3–1 in the first leg of their UEFA Champions League quarter-final. Just one game into the 2000–2001 season Thome was sold to Premiership rivals Sunderland for a fee of around £4 million.

During his time at the Stadium of Light, Thome struggled with injuries and Sunderland were reluctant to extend his contract. A clause in his contract with Sunderland meant that a considerable sum had to be paid to Chelsea after he played 50 matches. Sunderland were not willing to pay the extra appearance based fee, hence their reasons for not playing Thome towards the end of the 2002–2003 season, a campaign which ended in relegation. Thome scored twice for Sunderland, netting in league games against Coventry City and Aston Villa.

In August 2003, Thome joined Bolton Wanderers on a free transfer, and became a regular campaigner for the Trotters as they finished eighth in the Premier League and reached the League Cup final where they lost to Middlesbrough at the Millennium Stadium. In the summer of 2004, he moved to Championship side Wigan Athletic along with former Bolton teammate Per Frandsen. Thome was part of the Wigan side which were promoted to the Premier League for the first time in their history in 2005. His second season with the Latics saw him face less playing time which resulted in Thome being loaned out to Championship side Derby County for several months. Once the loan had expired with Derby County, he returned to Wigan Athletic where on 7 February 2006, the Latics decided to release him from his contract. Following his release by Wigan, Thome joined Japanese side Vissel Kobe. He remained there for two seasons. In 2007, Thome announced his retirement from professional football.

Since his retirement from playing football, Thome now works for Everton as a chief scout in Portugal since late 2008.

Honours

 * Internacional
 * Campeonato Gaúcho: 1992

 * Tirsense
 * Segunda Liga: 1993–94

 * Benfica
 * Taça de Portugal: 1995–96

 * Chelsea
 * FA Cup: 1999–2000
 * FA Charity Shield: 2000

 * Bolton Wanderers
 * Football League Cup runner-up: 2003–04

title: Emerson Thome


text: File:Chase the sun.jpg

title: File:Chase the sun.jpg


text: User talk:70.176.253.127

title: User talk:70.176.253.127


text:
It Takes a Village

It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us is a book published in 1996 by First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton. In it, Clinton presents her vision for the children of America. She focuses on the impact individuals and groups outside the family have, for better or worse, on a child's well-being, and advocates a society which meets all of a child's needs. The book was written with uncredited ghostwriter Barbara Feinman.

The book was republished as a Tenth Anniversary Edition in 2006 and saw publication as a picture book in 2017.

History
Publishers had approached Clinton since the spring of 1994 with the idea of writing a book, and announcement of the upcoming book came in April 1995 from the publisher she chose, Simon & Schuster. It came in the wake of the Clinton health care plan of 1993, which she had led the effort for and which had suffered its final collapse in September 1994, and the book was seen by some observers as an effort to help reshape Clinton's image. It was not unusual for a First Lady to write a book while still in office, with Barbara Bush's children-aimed Millie's Book the most recent prior example. Eleanor Roosevelt was the first First Lady to write books while still in office, with the publication of "It's Up to the Women" in 1933, "This Troubled World" in 1938, and "The Moral Basis of Democracy" in 1940, among others. Carolyn Reidy, head of Simon & Schuster's trade books division, said "We have all known that Hillary Rodham Clinton has devoted most of her career to issues of children. But outside of a handful of articles and speeches, her thoughts on these issues have not been available to everyone in an easily readable format. I think it will be an inspiring book." The book was originally intended to come out in September 1995, but delays on the part of Clinton resulted in publication being delayed until January 1996.

It was stated that Clinton would take no payments from the writing other than those to cover expenses, and that royalties from the book's sales would go to charity.

In January 1996, Clinton went on a ten-city book tour and made numerous television appearances to promote the book, although she was frequently hit with questions about her involvement in the Whitewater and Travelgate controversies. The book spent 18 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List during 1996 including three weeks at number one. By 2000 it had sold 450,000 copies in hardcover and another 200,000 in paperback.

The theme of the book, at least as perceived from its title, aroused immediate opposition within the United States. A well known instance of this occurred during the 1996 presidential election when, during his acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention, Republican Party nominee Bob Dole said: "... with all due respect, I am here to tell you, it does not take a village to raise a child. It takes a family to raise a child." Criticism of Clinton's notion would continue to be made by American conservatives such as Rush Limbaugh, Andrea Tantaros, and Jonah Goldberg through the next two decades.

In 1997, Clinton received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for her audio recording of the book.

In 2005, Senator Rick Santorum wrote a rebuttal to the book, It Takes a Family: Conservatism and the Common Good.

Contents

 * Introduction
 * It Takes a Village
 * No Family Is an Island
 * Every Child Needs a Champion
 * The Bell Curve Is a Curve Ball
 * Kids Don't Come with Instructions
 * The World Is in a Hurry, Children Are Not
 * An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Intensive Care
 * Security Takes More Than a Blanket
 * The Best Tool You Can Give Your Child Is a Shovel
 * Children Are Born Believers
 * Childhood Can Be a Service Academy
 * Kids Are an Equal Employment Opportunity
 * Child Care Is Not a Spectator Sport
 * Education = Expectations
 * Seeing Is Believing
 * Every Business Is a Family Business
 * Children Are Citizens Too
 * Let Us Build a Village Worthy of Our

Synopsis
The book emphasizes the shared responsibility that society has for successfully raising children, by looking at a number of angles as indicated in the chapter titles noted above. Clinton describes herself in the book as a Moderate, which is evidenced by a combination of advocating for government-driven social reforms while also espousing conservative values.

Clinton notes in the book many institutions responsible in some way for raising children, including: direct family, grandparents, neighbors, teachers, ministers, doctors, employers, politicians, nonprofits, faith communities, businesses, and international governmental groups.

Some of the goals and institutions that Clinton advocates for in the book include: the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, Community Policing, the Brady Bill, Amber Alerts, immunizations, State Children's Health Insurance Program, financial regulation, expanded Child Tax Credits, Minimum Wage increases, Universal health care, personal responsibility, uniforms in schools, Goals 2000 academic framework, music warning labels, sexual abstinence, Plan B contraception, family planning, and marriage.

Proverb question
The book's title is attributed to an African proverb: "It takes a village to raise a child." The saying and its attribution as an "African" proverb were in circulation before it was adopted by Clinton as the source for the title of her book. Indeed, the saying previously provided the source for the title of a children's book entitled It Takes a Village by Jane Cowen-Fletcher, published in 1994.

The authenticity of the proverb is debatable as there is no evidence that this precise proverb genuinely originated with any African culture. However, numerous proverbs from different cultures across Africa have been noted that convey similar sentiments in different ways. As one poster on the scholarly list H-Net wrote,  "While it is interesting to seek provenance in regard to the proverb, 'It takes a village to raise a child,' I think it would be misleading to ascribe its origin to a single source.... Let me give a few examples of African societies with proverbs which translate to 'It takes a village...': In Lunyoro (Banyoro) there is a proverb that says 'Omwana takulila nju emoi,' whose literal translation is 'A child does not grow up only in a single home.' In Kihaya (Bahaya) there is a saying, 'Omwana taba womoi,' which translates as 'A child belongs not to one parent or home.' In Kijita (Wajita) there is a proverb which says 'Omwana ni wa bhone,' meaning regardless of a child's biological parent(s) its upbringing belongs to the community. In Swahili, the proverb 'Asiyefunzwa na mamae hufunzwa na ulimwengu' approximates to the same."

In 2016, NPR decided to research the origins of the proverb, and concluded it was unable to pinpoint its origins, but agreed with the H-Net discussion regarding it holding the true spirits of some African cultures. It was part of a class of such-attributed sayings, with one observer stating, "If someone starts an aphorism with 'there's an African saying' it's probably a mythical quote misattributed to a whole continent." NPR itself concluded, "What we found is that it takes a lot of phone calls to track down the origins of a proverb. And in the end, the answer might be: We just don't know."

Ghostwriter controversy
Clinton has been criticized for not giving credit to a ghostwriter in connection with It Takes a Village. The majority of the book was reportedly written by ghostwriter Barbara Feinman. When the book was first announced in April 1995, The New York Times reported publisher Simon & Schuster as saying "The book will actually be written by Barbara Feinman, a journalism professor at Georgetown University in Washington. Ms. Feinman will conduct a series of interviews with Mrs. Clinton, who will help edit the resulting text."

Feinman spent seven months on the project and was paid $120,000 for her work. Feinman, however, was not mentioned anywhere in the book. Clinton's acknowledgment section began: "It takes a village to bring a book into the world, as everyone who has written one knows. Many people have helped me to complete this one, sometimes without even knowing it. They are so numerous that I will not even attempt to acknowledge them individually, for fear that I might leave one out." During her promotional tour for the book, Clinton said, "I actually wrote the book ... I had to write my own book because I want to stand by every word." Clinton stated that Feinman assisted in interviews and did some editorial drafting of "connecting paragraphs", while Clinton herself wrote the final manuscript in longhand.

This led Feinman to complain at the time to Capitol Style magazine over the lack of acknowledgement. In 2001, The Wall Street Journal reported that "New York literary circles are buzzing with vitriol over Sen. Clinton's refusal, so far, to share credit with any writer who helps on her book." Later, in a 2002 article for The Writer's Chronicle, Barbara Feinman Todd (now using her married name) related that the project with Clinton had gone smoothly, producing drafts in a round-robin style. Feinman agrees that Clinton was involved with the project, but also states that, "Like any first lady, Mrs. Clinton had an extremely hectic schedule and writing a book without assistance would have been logistically impossible." Feinman reiterates that her only objection to the whole process was the lack of any acknowledgement. A 2005 Georgetown University web page bio for Barbara Feinman Todd states that It Takes a Village was one of "several high-profile books" that she has "assisted, as editor, writer and researcher." Feinman Todd wrote more about the collaboration in her 2017 memoir Pretend I'm Not Here.

Tenth anniversary edition
In 2006, It Takes a Village was republished as a 10th Anniversary Edition with a new cover design and a new Introduction by the author that reflected on the continued meaning of the book in the Internet era and following the September 11 attacks. It also includes a new Notes section at the end that provides updates for scholarly studies that had been conducted in the intervening ten years. The role of Feinman remains unmentioned.

Clinton did not shy away from the book's conclusions during her post-First Lady political career. As part of her own presidential campaign during 2007 she said "I still believe it takes a village to raise a child." And in her second presidential campaign during 2015 she said "Fundamentally, [Republicans] reject what it takes to build an inclusive economy. It takes an inclusive society. What I once called 'a village' that has a place for everyone."

Picture book
The year 2017 saw public efforts under way to render It Takes as a picture book, an announcement that was made in February 2017. It was also announced that Marla Frazee, a two-time winner of the Caldecott Medal, would be the illustrator for the picture book; Frazee said in a statement, "I am deeply honored to help bring Hillary Clinton's life's work and devotion to public service, which has inspired me and millions of others, to children and those who love them." As with the original book, any net proceeds from the picture book would go to charity.

In fact Clinton had entertained the notion of doing this for a number of years, and worked on it with Frazee during her 2016 presidential election campaign. The result was published on September 12, 2017, also the same day of publication as that for her account of her devastating loss in that election, What Happened.

The book is aimed at preschool-aged children, although a few messages are more likely understood by adults, and contains some 117 words. The Washington Post characterized the work thusly: "It captures perfectly Clinton's vision of a multicultural America working toward a constructive goal. So hopeful and forward-looking, the book might even be called 'What Didn't Happen.'"

A review of the book in the industry publication Shelf Awareness said that the picture book took a somewhat different perspective from the original, focusing more on the actions of children than of adults. The review especially praised the art work, saying that "As with all of her works, Frazee's illustrations explode with life ... Her pencil-and-watercolor art is vibrant and action-packed, the story told entirely through her illustrations of the everyday ups and downs of the people working together to create something new and beautiful."

In popular culture
The book is parodied in Tim Wilson's 1999 song "It Takes a Village to Raise a Nut".

title: It Takes a Village


text:
CFCO

CFCO (630 AM) is a news, sports, and country music radio station located in Chatham-Kent, Ontario. The station, owned by London, Ontario-based Blackburn Radio, features a heavy local news commitment. CFCO is one of the few dedicated country stations on the AM dial in North America, as well as one of the few to do so in C-QUAM AM Stereo.

Classic Gold 630
The AM radio station has been on the air since 1926. CFCO, which stands for "Coming From Chatham Ontario", featured middle of the road and adult contemporary formats through much of its history, moving to an oldies format around 1992, as Classic Gold 630.

The station made several upgrades during this period under the ownership of Bea-Ver Broadcasting, including an increase in nighttime power from 1,000 to 6,000 watts (the station broadcasts with 10,000 watts by day). The high quality of the AM stereo audio of CFCO was for a time even featured on a tuner manufacturer's website.

CFCO-1-FM
In 2000, the station added its FM signal at 92.9 (CFCO-1-FM) to improve reception of the station's programming in office buildings in Chatham. The FM simulcasts the AM 100% and initially broadcast with only 50 watts of power (later quintupled to 250 watts).

Country 92.9 & AM 630
On March 3, 2008, at 9AM, after sixteen years as an oldies station, Classic Gold 630 came to an end with the song "The Beat Goes On" by Sonny and Cher, after which CFCO signed on the new country format with "Play Something Country" by Brooks & Dunn. Opening the station was 32-year CFCO vet George Brooks. This is the first time Chatham-Kent has had its own country music station, although now-sister station CHYR-FM in nearby Leamington was a country station for most of the 1990s and sister station CJSP-FM, also in Leamington, debuted its own country format prior to CFCO's change. Besides CFCO and CJSP, other country stations owned by Blackburn Radio are CHOK in Sarnia-Lambton, CJWF-FM in Windsor, and CKNX in Wingham.

In March 2011, CFCO began referring the station as Country 92-9 FM CFCO with no mention of 630 AM. By 2015, it would include 630 AM once more. On July 2, 2024, Blackburn Radio submitted an application to migrate CFCO to the FM band on a full-time basis as CFCO-FM, shutting down AM 630 and FM 92.9 in favour of a 1250-watt transmitter at 91.3 FM. . This was after the CRTC and FCC agreed that 91.3 FM was a usable frequency in Chatham, on May 13, 2024.

title: CFCO


text:
Agnes Repplier

Agnes Repplier (April 1, 1855 – December 15, 1950) was an American essayist.

Early years
She was born in Philadelphia in 1855, of French and German extraction, and was educated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Eden Hall at Torresdale, Philadelphia, and later at the Agnes Irwin School. Repplier was reportedly expelled from two schools for "independent behaviour" and illiterate until the age of ten. She received mentoring in writing by a nun who was herself a noted writer, Mary Paulina Finn, who published books, poetry and plays under the pseudonym M. S. Pine.

Career
Despite her school experiences, she became one of America's chief representatives of the discursive essay, displaying wide reading and apt quotation. Her writings contain literary criticism as well as comments on contemporary life. These characteristics were already apparent in the first essay which she contributed to the Atlantic Monthly (April 1886), entitled “Children, Past and Present.”

Repplier's earliest national publications appeared in 1881 in Catholic World. Although she did write several biographies and some fiction, early in her career she decided to concentrate on essays, and for 50 years she enjoyed a national reputation. She was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Pennsylvania (1902), Notre Dame (1911), Yale (1925), and Columbia University (1927). She was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1928. Repplier received the Siena Medal from Theta Phi Alpha in 1939.

Personal life
Repplier was a devout Catholic, and had a conservative's outlook on the issues of the day. She was an advocate of feminism and opponent of American neutrality during World War One, though an opponent of radicals and activists. Living and dying in Philadelphia, she also spent time in Europe.

Edward Wagenknecht described her, in 1946, as "our dean of essayists".

Selected works

 * Philadelphia: The Place and the People (1898)
 * The Fireside Sphinx (1901)
 * In Our Convent Days (1905)
 * The Cat (1912)
 * Germany and Democracy (1914; with J. William White)
 * The Promise of the Bell: Christmas in Philadelphia (1924)
 * To Think of Tea! (1932)
 * In Pursuit of Laughter (1936) a historical study of types of humor

 * Essay collections
 * Books and Men (1888)
 * Points of View (1891)
 * Essays in Miniature (1892)
 * Essays in Idleness (1893)
 * In the Dozy Hours and Other Papers (1894)
 * Varia (1897)
 * Compromises (1904)
 * A Happy Half-Century and Other Essays (1908)
 * Americans and Others (1912)
 * Counter-Currents (1916)
 * Points of Friction (1920)
 * Under Dispute (1924)
 * Times and Tendencies (1931)
 * Eight Decades: Essays and Episodes (1937)

 * Biographical studies
 * J. William White, M.D.: A Biography (1919)
 * Père Marquette: Priest, Pioneer and Adventurer (1929) (Jacques Marquette)
 * Mère Marie of the Ursulines: A Study in Adventure (1931) (Marie de l'Incarnation)
 * Junípero Serra: Pioneer Colonist of California (1933)
 * Agnes Irwin: A Biography (1934)

 * Short stories
 * "The Last Pages in the Journal of Eve de la Tour d'Arraine," The Catholic World (1882)
 * "A Story of Nuremberg," The Catholic World (1884)

 * Selected articles
 * "The Good Humor of the Saints," The Catholic World (1882)
 * "An Apostle of Doubt," The Catholic World (1884)
 * "Heaven in Recent Fiction," The Catholic World (1885)
 * "Falsehood as a Moral Agent," The Catholic World (1885)
 * "English Voices on the French Revolution," The Catholic World (1885)
 * "English Hymns," The Catholic World (1886)
 * "Christmas Carols," The Catholic World (1887)
 * "Education," The Atlantic Monthly (1922)

title: Agnes Repplier


text:
Aublysodon

Aublysodon (“backwards-flowing tooth") is a genus of carnivorous dinosaurs known only from the Judith River Formation in Montana, which has been dated to the late Campanian age of the late Cretaceous period (about 75 million years ago). The only currently recognized species, Aublysodon mirandus, was named by paleontologist Joseph Leidy in 1868. It is sometimes considered dubious now, because the type specimen consists only of an isolated premaxillary (front) tooth. Although this specimen is now lost, similar teeth have been found in many US states, western Canada, and Asia. These teeth almost certainly belong to juvenile tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids, but most have not been identified to species level. However, it is likely that the type tooth (and therefore the name Aublysodon mirandus itself) belongs to one of the species in the genus Daspletosaurus, which was present in contemporary formations, and which matches specific details of the original tooth. The synapomorphies alleged to distinguish the Aublysodontinae, especially lack of serrations on premaxillary teeth could have been caused by tooth wear in life, postmortem abrasion, or digestion. Most other "aublysodontine"-type teeth may be from ontogenetic stages or sexual morphs of other tyrannosaurids.

Apart from the type species Aublysodon mirandus over the years several other species have been named. These are now all considered either dubious or identical to other species or as having no close connection to A. mirandus.

History
In the mid-to-late 19th century many dinosaur taxa were named for isolated teeth; such genera include Trachodon, Palaeoscincus, and Troodon. Even before the badlands of North America started revealing the bones of Tyrannosaurus, teeth turning up in many localities in the Western United States revealed the presence of large predatory dinosaurs.

In 1856 Joseph Leidy had named fourteen teeth collected by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden in 1854 and 1855 from the Judith River Badlands of Montana as the species Deinodon horridus. In 1866 Edward Drinker Cope chose three nonserrated teeth from the original syntype series of fourteen as the lectotypes of Deinodon horridus. Leidy named these same three teeth Aublysodon mirandus in 1868. The meaning of the generic name is uncertain because Leidy himself gave no etymology or explanation of the intended meaning. It is possible the genus name is derived from Greek αὖ, au, "again", "backwards", "contrariwise", βλύζω, blyzo, "to spout", "to flow" and ὀδών, odon, "tooth". The specific name means "wonderful" or "strange" in Latin. Because the name Aublysodon mirandus was based on the same type, it was at first a junior objective synonym of Deinodon horridus, which latter name thus had priority. Cope in 1868 mistakenly thought the name Deinodon was preoccupied by the snake Dinodon and renamed Deinodon horridus into an Aublysodon horridus. If Deinodon really had been preoccupied, this would have made Aublysodon a valid genus. In 1899 Oliver Perry Hay pointed out Cope's mistake; Aublysodon horridus is a junior objective synonym of Deinodon horridus, just as Aublysodon mirandus had been. However, in 1892 Aublysodon became an independent genus when Othniel Charles Marsh further limited its type by choosing a single small nonserrated premaxillary tooth with a D-shaped cross-section, specimen ANSP 9535, as the lectotype of Aublysodon mirandus. The two other teeth, ANSP 9533 and ANSP 9534, remained as the lectotypes of Deinodon horridus. The names were thus separated.

The tooth-based taxon Aublysodon was a mystery for a long time since no further skeletal elements were found that could be assigned with certainty to the teeth. In the early twentieth century it was assumed by some workers that it represented a member of the Ornithomimidae when it was not yet known this group was toothless. Lawrence Morris Lambe in 1902 referred the tooth to Struthiomimus; Hay in 1930 renamed A. mirandus into Ornithomimus mirandus, forgetting in that case Aublysodon would have priority.

Today it is known that similar teeth are found in juvenile specimens of Daspletosaurus, and it is likely that teeth referred to Aublysodon came from that genus. In October 2000, the type specimen of Aublysodon went missing when being sent by registered mail from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia to the Field Museum of Natural History. Because of the presence of Aublysodon-type teeth in other juvenile tyrannosaurines than Daspletosaurus, such as those of Tyrannosaurus, remains of which can also be found in Montana, Thomas Carr no longer considered the name to represent a real biological taxon, but to be a nomen dubium.

Referred species
Apart from Aublysodon mirandus and A. horridus several other species have been named within the genus. In 1876 Cope created an Aublysodon lateralis, based on specimen AMNH 3956, a tooth of a juvenile tyrannosaur which has been synonymized with Deinodon horridus. In 1892 Marsh named two more species: Aublysodon amplus and Aublysodon cristatus, respectively based on teeth YPM 296 and YPM 297; the latter has also been placed in the genus Deinodon. They may represent teeth from juvenile individuals of T. rex as they were found in the Maastrichtian Lance Formation. In 1903 John Bell Hatcher renamed Laelaps explanatus Cope 1876 into an Aublysodon explanatus. This probably represents a tooth of Saurornitholestes. In 1932 Friedrich von Huene classified a fragmentary skeleton named Ornithomimus grandis by Marsh in 1890 as Aublysodon grandis, but most later researchers have considered this a synonym of the Campanian tyrannosaur Deinodon horridus. In 1967 Alan Jack Charig named three species: Aublysodon lancinator, Aublysodon novojilovi and Aublysodon lancensis; these had originally been species of Gorgosaurus. The first two are today seen as juvenile specimens of Tarbosaurus; the last represents either a juvenile individual of Tyrannosaurus or a separate genus Nanotyrannus.

The first skeletal material referred to an original Aublysodon species was a partial skull unearthed in Jordan, Montana in 1966 and described by Ralph Molnar in 1977/1978. The skull, specimen LACM 28741 at forty-five centimetres the length of an average human arm, bore pointed teeth attached to a long narrow snout. First thought to be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus, then interpreted as a large dromaeosaurid, this "Jordan theropod" was given the name Aublysodon molnaris by Gregory S. Paul in 1988; in 1990 the name was by Paul emended to Aublysodon molnari, applying the correct genitive. It was made a separate genus Stygivenator by George Olshevsky in 1995, but was later, in 2004, reinterpreted to be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex by Thomas Carr and Tom Williamson. Another partial skeleton from New Mexico, specimen OMNH 10131, was in 1990 considered to represent Aublysodon, but later research by Thomas Carr and Tom Williamson first referred it to Daspletosaurus and ultimately to Bistahieversor. In 1988 Paul also created another species when renaming Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong 1977 into Aublysodon huoyanshanensis. It probably represents a Tarbosaurus specimen.

Classification
Cope assigned Aublysodon to the Goniopoda in 1870, a group roughly equivalent to the modern Theropoda. Marsh however, in 1892 was misled by the small size of the teeth, their D-shaped cross-section and their lack of serrations into considering Aublysodon a mammal exceptionally large for the Cretaceous. By the early twentieth century it was again generally understood that Aublysodon was a theropod reptile; later it would be typically assigned to the Deinodontidae, a group today called the Tyrannosauridae.

Aublysodon was by Paul in 1988 thought to belong to a unique subfamily of tyrannosaurids called the Aublysodontinae, a name already coined, together with an Aublysodontidae, by Franz Nopcsa in 1928. This was a concept which afterwards enjoyed some popularity: Thomas Holtz proposed a stem clade definition of the Aublysodontinae in 2001, "Aublysodon and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with it than with Tyrannosaurus".

Aublysodon was for a time also used in definitions of higher-level taxa. Holtz proposed a node clade definition of the Tyrannosauridae in 2001 as "all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Tyrannosaurus and Aublysodon", using Aublysodon as an anchor taxon. Paul Sereno has also used Aublysodon as an anchor taxon for the Tyrannosauridae, although his definition was problematic for other reasons. These concepts have now been redefined without the dubious name.

Because Aublysodon is today considered a nomen dubium based on material probably belonging to Daspletosaurus, its affiliations are likely tyrannosaurid and the terms Aublysodontinae and Aublysodontidae have become irrelevant.

title: Aublysodon


text:
Talk:Receptive language

More later.RToes 00:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

2007-02-7 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 12:46, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Receptive language


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres hurdles

The men's 200 metres hurdles was a hurdling event on the athletics programme at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 16, 1900. 11 athletes from five nations competed in the middle of the three hurdling events. The event was won by Alvin Kraenzlein of the United States, earning his fourth individual gold in athletics in one Games—a record that still stands as of the 2016 Games. The silver medal went to Norman Pritchard of India, while another American (Walter Tewksbury) earned bronze.

Background
This was the first of only two times the event was held; it would return in 1904 but then be eliminated from the programme. American Alvin Kraenzlein was an overwhelming favorite; he had already won the 60 metres, 110 metres hurdles, and long jump by the time of the 200 metres hurdles.

France, Germany, Hungary, India, and the United States competed in the inaugural 200 metres hurdles event.

Competition format
The low hurdles competition consisted of two rounds: semifinals and a final. The semifinal round consisted of two heats, with 5 hurdlers in one and 6 in the other. The top 2 athletes in each semifinal advanced to the final.

Records
This was the first time the event was held. Alvin Kraenzlein set the first Olympic record for this event when he ran 27.0 seconds in the first heat of the first round. Norman Pritchard improved this record in the second heat with 26.8 seconds. Finally Alvin Kraenzlein took the Olympic record by winning the final with 25.4 seconds.

Semifinals
In the semifinal round, there were two heats. The top two runners in each advanced to the final.

Semifinal 1
Kraenzlein won by four yards.

Semifinal 2
Pritchard won by two yards.

Final
Kraenzlein won by five yards, despite having been penalized one metre for a false start. The 200 metre hurdles was his fourth individual victory in Paris; no other track and field athlete has won as many individual victories in a single Olympics.


text: Category:German philanthropists

title: Category:German philanthropists


text:
Talk:Expressive language

More to come. RToes 00:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Expressive language


text:
Vardan Kushnir

Vardan Vardanovich Kushnir (22 November 1969 – 24 July 2005) was a notorious spammer of Armenian-Jewish descent who ran the American Language Center (ALC) and who is believed to have spammed the entire population of Russian-language Internet users with ads for his language courses. Kushnir was murdered in 2005.

Career
According to some estimates, his ads reached 25 million users at his peak, between 2003 and 2004. Although only Muscovites were eligible to sign up, the ads went to many other countries, including Ukraine, the United States and Israel.

Over the course of 2004, his output began to fall. He was almost completely forced off public email systems and resorted instead to using pager network ICQ.

Public opprobrium against him was so great that his personal information was widely posted throughout the internet. The country's deputy minister of communications, Andrey Korotkov, recorded a message urging Kushnir to stop what he was doing, and Golden Telecom, one of the country's larger Internet Service Providers, set up a computer that dialed ALC's telephone numbers continuously, playing Korotkov's message. The company's website also became the target of DDOS attacks, and its phone numbers were posted anywhere and everywhere on the Russian-language web, as contacts for anything from sex to cheap real estate.

During 2002-2005, Kushnir and his company attempted to use RiNet ISP for connectivity, but was turned away numerous times and finally managed to connect via a neighborhood SOHO-styled company. It is worth noting that Kushnir did not send E-mail spam directly from his connection.

A lawyer named Anton Sergo filed a complaint with the Antitrust Authority which oversees advertising in Russia. Kushnir, at first, snubbed the hearings until proceedings were started against him for noncompliance. He finally showed up and said he had no idea who was sending the ads. The complaint was dismissed.

Legal sanctions against him weren't limited to Russia. In April 2001, the state of Kansas ordered him and an associate, Florida resident Michael Walker, to stop their spam-promotion of stock in Sophim Inc. on the grounds that not only was Sophim not registered at the time, but neither he nor Walker were licensed brokers.

Those who knew him attributed his spamming, which his ALC partner disapproved of and which did not really generate much business for the center, to megalomania: "He only did it because he was obsessed with it. He wanted to be somebody, to be recognized somehow. So he way overdid it."

According to former employees, he was strongly influenced by Scientology and made hiring decisions based on the results of a 400-item questionnaire derived from a Scientology text.

Death
On Sunday July 24, 2005, Kushnir was killed in the three-room apartment he shared with his mother on Sadovaya-Karetnaya Street in central Moscow. An autopsy determined that he had died after suffering repeated blows to the head. According to police, his apartment and personal belongings had been ransacked. They did not believe the killing was related to his spamming. Traces of a strong tranquilizer were found in a glass, so investigators theorize it was merely a robbery gone bad.

Lending credence to this theory, he was last seen alive as he was leaving the Hungry Duck in the company of three women who may have administered the fatal beating when he woke prematurely from his spiked drink.

The Russian media could scarcely conceal their glee at Kushnir's death, since his spam overloaded many of the country's inboxes. His spam, and others, had also led to many servers blocking all emails from the .ru domain, hindering Russian users' ability to connect with the rest of the world. While he was not the sole source of Russia's spam problem, he personified it to many both within and outside Russia.

In August 2005, Russian media reported the Moscow criminal investigation directorate detained four people it claimed were involved in the homicide. The four claim Kushnir made sexual advances to one of them, a 15-year-old girl, then threatened another in the group who came to her defense. The latter then claimed to have struck Kushnir on the head in self-defense.

title: Vardan Kushnir


text: File:Revenge of the oc supertones.jpg

title: File:Revenge of the oc supertones.jpg


text:
Mercadier

Mercadier (died 10 April 1200) was a famous Occitan warrior of the 12th century, and the leader of a group of mercenaries in the service of Richard I, King of England.

In 1183 he appears as a leader of Brabançon mercenaries in Southern France. He entered King Richard's service in 1184, attacking and laying waste to lands of Aimar V of Limoges. In 1188 he managed seventeen castles captured from the Count of Toulouse. Suggestions that he accompanied Richard on the Third Crusade are based on a charter that has been established as a forgery. There is no evidence that Mercadier was with Philip Augustus when the king left the Holy Land for France. Instead, it appear that Mercadier remained in the Angevin realm with his troops to defend Richard's estates in the latter's absence.

After Richard's return from the Holy Land, Mercadier accompanied him everywhere as his right hand man, travelling and fighting by his side. Richard eulogized Mercadier's exploits in his letters, and gave him the estates left by Ademar de Bainac in Limousin, who died without heirs around 1190. During the various wars between Richard and Philip Augustus of France, Mercadier fought successively in Berry, Normandy, Flanders and Brittany. When Richard was mortally wounded at the siege of Châlus in March 1199, it was Mercadier's physician who cared for him. According to one account, Mercadier avenged his death by storming the castle, hanging the defenders and flaying a "Pierre Basile", the crossbowman who had shot the king, despite Richard's last act pardoning him.

Mercadier then entered the service of Eleanor of Aquitaine, and ravaged Gascony and the city of Angers. On Easter Monday, 10 April 1200, he was assassinated while on a visit to Bordeaux to pay his respects to Eleanor of Aquitaine. His murder was at the hands of six men-at-arms employed by Brandin, a rival mercenary captain in the service of Richard's successor King John Lackland.

One of the bridges of the Château Gaillard (built by his employer King Richard) is named for him.

Books and dramas
Five novels "Les aventures de Guilhem d’Ussel" of Jean d'Aillon During the reign of Philip August, Guilhem d’Ussel encounters several chiefs of mercenaries : Mercadier, Lambert Cadoc (Lord of Gaillon) and Brandin.
 * De Taille et d'Estoc (The youth of Guilhem d'Ussel)
 * Marseille, 1198
 * Paris, 1199
 * Londres, 1200
 * Montségur, 1201

Mercadier also made an appearance in Robin and Marian, the 1976 film serving as right hand to Richard the Lionheart. Played by Bill Maynard.

Mercardier features prominently in The Outlaw Chronicles series by Angus Donald, especially books 4 (Warlord) and 5 (Grail Knight), as a major antagonist. He is portrayed as a ruthless killer and mercenary leader with few or no redeeming qualities, and as the main perpetrator of English atrocities during the 3rd Crusade and King Richard's wars against the French.

title: Mercadier