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Paperweight

A paperweight is a small solid object heavy enough, when placed on top of papers, to keep them from blowing away in a breeze or from moving under the strokes of a painting brush (as with Chinese calligraphy). While any object, such as a stone, can serve as a paperweight, decorative paperweights of glass are also produced, either by individual artisans or factories. The decorative paperweights are usually in limited editions, and are collected as works of fine glass art, some of which are exhibited in museums. First produced in about 1845, particularly in France, such decorative paperweights declined in popularity before undergoing a revival in the mid-twentieth century.

Basic features
Decorative glass paperweights have a flat or slightly concave base, usually polished but sometimes frosted, cut in one of several variations (e.g. star-cut bases have a multi-pointed star, while a diamond cut base has grooves cut in a criss-cross pattern), although a footed weight has a flange in the base. The ground on which the inner parts rest may be clear or colored, made of unfused sand, or resemble lace (latticinio). The domed top is usually faceted or cut and made of lead glass and may be coated with one or more thin layers of colored glass, and have windows cut through it to reveal the interior motif. The exact shape or profile of the dome varies from one artist or factory to another, but in fine examples will act as a lens that, as one moves the weight about, attractively varies the inner design's appearance. A magnifying glass is often used to gain appreciation of the fine detail of the work within. In a modern piece, an identifying mark and date are imperative.

Paperweights are made by individual artisans or in factories where many artists and technicians collaborate; both may produce inexpensive as well as "collector" weights.

Workmanship, design, rarity, and condition determine a paperweight's value: its glass should not have a yellow or greenish cast, and there should be no unintentional asymmetries, or unevenly spaced or broken elements. Visible flaws, such as bubbles, striations and scratches lessen the value.

Antique paperweights, of which perhaps 10,000 or so survive (mostly in museums), generally appreciate steadily in value; as of August 2018 the record price was the $258,500 paid in 1990 for an antique French weight.

History
Antique paperweights were made in the "classic" years between 1845 and 1860 primarily in three French factories named Baccarat, Saint-Louis and Clichy. Together, they made between 15,000 and 25,000 weights in the classic period. Weights (mainly of lesser quality) were also made in the United States, United Kingdom, and elsewhere, though Bacchus (UK) and New England Glass Company (US) produced some that equaled the best of the French. Modern weights have been made from about 1950 to the present.

In the US, Charles Kaziun started in 1940 to produce buttons, paperweights, inkwells and other bottles, using lamp-work of elegant simplicity. In Scotland, the pioneering work of Paul Ysart from the 1930s onward preceded a new generation of artists such as William Manson, Peter McDougall, Peter Holmes and John Deacons. A further impetus to reviving interest in paperweights was the publication of Evangiline Bergstrom's book, Old Glass Paperweights, the first of a new genre.

A number of small studios appeared in the mid-20th century, particularly in the US. These may have several to some dozens of workers with various levels of skill cooperating to produce their own distinctive line. Notable examples are Lundberg Studios, Orient and Flume, Correia Art Glass, St. Clair, Lotton, and Parabelle Glass.

Starting in the late 1960s and early 1970s, artists such as Francis Whittemore, Paul Stankard, his former assistant Jim D'Onofrio, Chris Buzzini, Delmo and daughter Debbie Tarsitano, Victor Trabucco and sons, Gordon Smith, Rick Ayotte and his daughter Melissa, the father and son team of Bob and Ray Banford, and Ken Rosenfeld began breaking new ground and were able to produce fine paperweights rivaling anything produced in the classic period.

Types of glass paperweights
Collectors may specialize in one of several types of paperweights, but more often they wind up with an eclectic mix.

Millefiori (Italian—'thousand flowers') paperweights contain thin cross-sections of cylindrical composite canes made from colored rods and usually resemble little flowers, although they can be designed after anything, even letters and dates. These are usually made in a factory setting. They exist in many variations such as scattered, patterned, close concentric or carpet ground. Sometimes the canes are formed into a sort of upright tuft shaped like a mushroom that is encased in the dome. The year of manufacture is sometimes enclosed in one of the canes.

Lampwork paperweights have objects such as flowers, fruit, butterflies or animals constructed by shaping and working bits of colored glass with a gas burner or torch and assembling them into attractive compositions, which are then incorporated into the dome. This is a form particularly favored by studio artists. The objects are often stylized, but may be highly realistic.

Sulphide paperweights have an encased cameo-like medallion or portrait plaque made from a special ceramic that is able to reproduce very fine detail. These are known as incrustations, cameo incrustations, or sulphides. They often are produced to commemorate some person or event. From the late 1700s through the end of the 1900s, an amazing variety of glass objects, including paperweights, were made with incrustations. The finest collection of incrustations ever assembled was by Paul Jokelson, collector, author and founder of the Paperweight Collectors' Association. A part of his collection was gifted to the Corning Museum of Glass, with the remaining portion being sold in London in the 1990s.

Most paperweights, which are considered works of art, use one of the above techniques; millefiori, lampwork or sulphide — all techniques that had been around long before the advent of paperweights. A fourth technique, a crimp flower, usually a rose, originated in the Millville, New Jersey area in the first decade of the twentieth century. Often called a Millville rose, these weights range from simple folk art to fine works of art, depending on the maker.

Fine weights not made with any of the major techniques include swirls, marbries and crowns. Swirl paperweights have opaque rods of two or three colors radiating like a pinwheel from a central millefiori floret. A similar style, the marbrie, is a paperweight that has several bands of color close to the surface that descend from the apex in a looping pattern to the bottom of the weight. Crown paperweights have twisted ribbons, alternately colored and white filigree which radiate from a central millefiori floret at the top, down to converge again at the base. This was first devised in the Saint Louis factory and remains popular today. Miniature weights have a diameter of less than approximately 2 in, and magnums have a diameter greater than about 3.25 in.

California-style paperweights are made by "painting" the surface of the dome with colored molten glass (torchwork), and manipulated with picks or other tools. They may also be sprayed while hot with various metallic salts to achieve an iridescent look.

Victorian portrait and advertising paperweights were dome glass paperweights first made in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania using a process patented in 1882 by William H. Maxwell. The portrait paperweights contained pictures of ordinary people reproduced on a milk glass disk and encased within clear glass. This same process was also used to produce paperweights with the owner's name encased or an advertisement of a business or product. Pittsburgher Albert A. Graeser patented a different process for making advertising paperweights in 1892. The Graeser process involved sealing an image to the underside of a rectangular glass blank using a milk glass or enamel-like glaze. Many paperweights of the late 19th century are marked either J. N. Abrams or Barnes and Abrams and may list either the 1882 Maxwell or 1892 Graeser patent date. It has been theorized that Barnes and Abrams did not actually manufacture advertising paperweights for their customers, but instead subcontracted the actual manufacturing task out to Pittsburgh-area glasshouses. The Paperweight Collectors Association Annual Bulletins published in 2000, 2001 and 2002 describe these in detail.

Bohemian paperweights were particularly popular in Victorian times. Large engraved or cut hollow spheres of ruby glass were a common form.

Museum collections
The United States has a number of museums exhibiting outstanding paperweight collections. Many collectors consider the finest of these to be the Arthur Rubloff collection at the Art Institute of Chicago, which expanded its exhibition in 2012. The Bergstrom-Mahler Museum in Neenah, Wisconsin, exhibits the Evangeline Bergstrom collection. The Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, New York, exhibits the Amory Houghton collection. The Yelverton Paperweight Centre in Devon, England, a collection of over 1,000 paperweights, closed in 2013.

Another museum with a notable exhibition of outstanding American paperweights is in the Museum of American Glass at the Wheaton Arts and Cultural Center in Millville, New Jersey. In 1998, Henry Melville Fuller donated 330 twentieth-century paperweights to the Currier Museum of Art in Manchester, New Hampshire.

Paperweight Collectors
There are many paperweight collectors worldwide. Several collectors' associations hold national or regional conventions, and sponsor activities such as tours, lectures, and auctions. Famous collectors include the literary figures Colette, Oscar Wilde and Truman Capote. Empress Eugenie (Napoleon III's wife), Empress Carlotta (wife of Maximilian I of Mexico) and Farouk, King of Egypt were also avid collectors. The collecting histories of Rubloff, Bergstrom, and Houghton were similar. They had two things in common—a passion for their collecting, and the privilege of having sufficient financial resources to build extensive collections of very rare and expensive weights. Another famous collector was Lothar-Günther Buchheim, the German author and painter, best known for his novel Das Boot. His collection of about 3,000 paperweights can be seen at his museum in Germany—Museum der Phantasie—in Bernried, Bavaria, Starnberger See. In May 1953, collector Paul Jokelson organized and created the Paperweight Collectors Association (PCA), the world's first collecting group dedicated to glass paperweights. Interest grew rapidly and by May 1954, membership had risen to 280 members and the PCA published its first bulletin. The PCA held its first convention in May 1961, in New York City with 100 members in attendance. In September 1968, Paul Jokelson published the first PCA newsletter. In September 1995, the PCA entered the digital era, going online with the PCA, Inc. website. In December 2010 the PCA Facebook page was created, allowing for casual observers, aficionados, artists, and collectors to become ever more connected, allowing for the appreciation of this enchanting art to thrive. Today membership spans the globe.

PCA Members receive a newsletter four times a year and a printed annual bulletin. The annual bulletin is the only publication of its kind and the preeminent source for all things paperweight-related. It contains indispensable, up-to-date research on the great paperweight makers of the 19th century and the masters of the art today. The PCA holds a convention biennially, where collectors, artists, dealers and scholars from around the world meet to share their passion for the art of the paperweight. At the convention, attendees can expect to see artist demonstrations from some of the world's leading glass artists, presentations from paperweight scholars and artists, and some of the world's finest paperweights on display.

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Murarbaji

Murarbaji Deshpande (17th century) was a general in the early Maratha Empire during the reign of Chatrapati Shivaji. He is best remembered for his defense of the Purandar Fort against Dilir Khan, a Mughal general who accompanied Jai Singh I in the 17th-century siege on Purandar.

Early life
Murarbaji Deshpande was born into a Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu family and his native land was the Javali Satara District. He was the gallant commander who commanded 700 (maratha troop) to attack Diler Khan.

Battle of Purandar
The battle for Purandar fort was a landmark battle of symbolic importance for both the Marathas and Mughals. It was essential for the Marathas to hold off the Mughals for as long as possible, thus demonstrating the difficulty of conquering the mountainous Maratha Empire. It was equally imperative for the Mughals to conquer Purandar as swiftly as possible to demonstrate the futility of resistance of the dominant Mughal empire.

In the end, superior European cannons fielded by the Mughals, under the leadership of the European mercenary Mannucci, blasted away the walls of Purandar. In spite of crumbling defenses, Murarbaji and his troops sustained a dogged defense. When the Mughals breached the outer walls, Murarbaji and his soldiers, though overwhelmingly outnumbered, mounted a fierce counterattack. Maratha folk history mentions that Murarbaji showed incredible skills as a swordsman and was an aggressive and inspiring leader who pushed back and caused a retreat of a larger Mughal force.

Diler Khan, impressed with the bravery of Murarbaji, offered him a truce and employment in the Mughal forces with a handsome salary. Murarbaji turned down the offer due to his loyalty to the ideals of Hindavi Swarajya.

The battle of Purandar, made the Marathas realize the difficulty, facing the overwhelming force led by Mirza Raja Jai Singh, but also revealed to the Mughals the tenacity of the Marathas. Thereafter Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj sued for peace to Mirza Raja rather than risk the decimation of his forces and the ruin of his homeland. Aurangzeb sought to sign the treaty of Purandar and invited Shivaji to Agra rather than face a protracted and expensive campaign to conquer Marathas. As a part of the settlement Chatrapati Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of his forts and 4,00,000 hons to the Mughals.

In popular culture

 * In 2023, Veer Murarbaji is an upcoming Indian Marathi language historical drama film based on Deshpande's life, produced by Almond Creations and AA Films.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Murarbaji


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Maryknoll Fathers' School

Maryknoll Fathers' School is an aided (government funded) co-educational school in Tai Hang Tung, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The school was founded in 1957 by the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers.

The school's medium of instruction is Cantonese for the primary section and English for the secondary section.

History
In 1952, Father Peter A. Reilly, an American Catholic priest of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers, came to Hong Kong as a missionary. He had been a missionary in Wuchow, Kwangsi for more than a decade, until he was forced to leave after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in 1949. When Father Reilly came to Hong Kong, he put up a small wooden hut in Kowloon Tsai, where he served the poor in that area, including many refugees from the People's Republic of China. He set aside a study room and hired teachers to educate the children of the area.

Father Reilly applied to the government for permission to build a subsidised school. In those days, the government began to focus on the provision of public services such as safe housing, medical care and education. The government granted permission not only for Father Reilly to build the primary school he had hoped for, but also to build a subsidised secondary school, the first of its kind in Hong Kong. To find students and teachers for the school, Father Reilly sought the help of Mrs. Tong Yu Sheung Woon, the headmistress of Yan Pak School.

On 26 September 1957, the Right Reverend Bishop Lawrence Bianchi (the Bishop of Hong Kong) and Governor Sir Alexander Grantham presided over the official opening and blessing of the school. Father Reilly and Mrs. Tong became, respectively, the first supervisor and the first principal of the school.

Encouraged by initial successes and motivated by the need to provide education for the children in the district, the Maryknoll Fathers requested the Education Department for an expansion of the school by the acquisition of a site behind it. The request was approved. On 17 February 1966, the Right Reverend Bishop Frederick Donaghy (the Bishop of Wuchow) blessed the New Wing, which provided space for a library, twelve new classrooms, improved science facilities, and a large hall.

In 2008, the primary section moved to a new campus at 11 Hoi Lai Street, Sham Shui Po. From originally a half-day school (with A.M. and P.M. sections), it became a full-day school.

Father Reilly served as supervisor for the rest of his life. He died in 1994. He was succeeded by Father John Geitner from 1995 to 2011, who in turn was succeeded by Father Michael Sloboda from 2011 to 2017. In 2017, Ms. Agnes Garman Yeh became the current supervisor.

Mrs. Tong Yu Sheung Woon passed away in November 2005 in Toronto, Canada, at the age of 94. Currently, the principal of the secondary school is Mr. Ho Lik Sang and the principal of the primary school is Mr. Ng Wai Man.

Achievements
In 2008, two students of the school, Lau Tak Kin and Lau Tak Shing (unrelated), were awarded second place in the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) for their invention of an "anti-bump lock" that could counter bump keys. In 2014, another student, Kan Wing Yi, was awarded second place in the Intel ISEF for her invention of biodegradable bandages. Three minor planets (25065, 25073 and 31313) are named in their honor.

title: Maryknoll Fathers' School


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Equivalent series inductance

Equivalent series inductance (ESL) is an effective inductance that is used to describe the inductive part of the impedance of certain electrical components.

Overview
The theoretical treatment of devices such as capacitors and resistors tends to assume they are ideal or "perfect" devices, contributing only capacitance or resistance to the circuit. However, all physical devices are connected to a circuit through conductive leads and paths, which contain inherent, usually unwanted, inductance. This means that physical components contain some inductance in addition to their other properties.

An easy way to deal with these inherent inductances in circuit analysis is by using a lumped element model to express each physical component as a combination of an ideal component and a small inductor in series, the inductor having a value equal to the inductance present in the non-ideal, physical device.

Effects
Ideally, the impedance of a capacitor falls with increasing frequency at 20 dB/decade. However, due partly to the inductive properties of the connections, and partly to non-ideal characteristics of the capacitor material, real capacitors also have inductive properties whose impedance rises with frequency at 20 dB/decade. At the resonance frequency the sum of both is minimal, above it the parasitic series inductance of the capacitor dominates.

title: Equivalent series inductance


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Steve Macdonald (filk musician)

Steve Macdonald is an American filk singer/songwriter, who also appears at Renaissance Faires as "Gallamor the Bard". He served for several years as the Pegasus Award Evangelista, and was responsible for many changes in the award process that led to much greater participation among the voting base. He was inducted into the Filk Hall of Fame in 2006.

In September 2006 he emigrated to Germany.

WorlDream
WorlDream was a project that organized hundreds of filkers in North America and Europe to sing one song together, in celebration of the new millennium. Steve Macdonald, the project's instigator, attended ten conventions during 2001, and recorded filkers singing "Many Hearts, One Voice", a song he composed for the project. The tracks were then merged electronically. A number of one-off CDs of raw mixes were sold as Interfilk auction items, but due to lost tapes and technical difficulties, public release only happened in January 2021, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the project.

Singers were taped at all nine filk conventions held in 2001, in the United States, in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Germany, as well as the 2001 World Science Fiction Convention in Philadelphia. Altogether 436 singers were recorded, many at more than one convention.

Discography

 * Songspinner, 1994, Dodeka Records
 * Journey's Done, 1995, Dodeka Records
 * Reap The Wind, 1999, Dodeka Records
 * Crossroads, 2002, Dodeka Records
 * Gather Day, 2004, Thin Ice Studios
 * Drive By Barding, 2006, Thin Ice Studios
 * Rowan & Storm (as part of the duo "Twotonic"), 2014, Mystic Fig Studio

Pegasus Awards

 * Best Filk Song 1995, Journey's Done
 * Best Writer/Composer 1995
 * Best Myth Song 1998, Cold Butcher
 * Best Performer 1998
 * Best Dorsai Song 2007, Shai! (with Steve Simmons)
 * Best Adapted Song 2015, Grabthar's Silver Hammer
 * Best Song About Community 2018, Many Hearts, One Voice
 * Best Performer 2018 – as part of the duo Twotonic

title: Steve Macdonald (filk musician)


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Talk:Dave, Emily and Chainsaw

Expansion
We need 'the voice in ruth's head' myspace page. i tried to put it up but someone said i was advertising a product. voice is part of the show so why cant i update her? if the people that moderate this listened to the show they would know that.

Among the things that are needed:

 * a better photo of Dave, Shelly, and Chainsaw (the one on the KGB page is nice, but it's copyrighted, and the website's terms of service forbid use of anything on the website without explicit written permission)
 * Chucko's real name [Shelley Brown]
 * description of Quiet-Talking James (I added some, but feel free to add more explanation)
 * plot summary of the J–K Conspiracy
 * more bits
 * more of Mike that character Mugwumps' names [Mugwump is history; Shelly's new beau is Dean, whose nickname is "The Commander"]
 * Boyer and the Hoof? What is the story?
 * The effect of Free FM on the station overall, and the ongoing feud with Tom Leykis.

Some related articles could be used too, though they don't count towards the :

 * The J–K Conspiracy (more verbose than the section in the Dave, Shelly, and Chainsaw article)
 * articles for Dave, Shelly, Chainsaw, and Jill Underwood
 * Bud Schlitz

— boredzo (✍) 14:14, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Miscellaneous:
 * The link to Dave's bands isn't working correctly.

I have photos of Dave, Shelly, and Chainsaw, plus Boyer .... I took them in the KGB studio about one year ago. Chris@SDRadio.net. LOVE YOUR SHOW!

Added content
I have added a few things...

Sheree Martin (Chick in the Chair) is a known and regular caller. (And my cousin!) Added a couple of names for Shelly's hubby. Added content about the Grand-A-Day giveaway. Added content about Bud Schlitz.

Homemade Jingle Contest
I think we also need information regarding the Homemade Jingle Contest.PantherFoxie 06:53, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * did it. — boredzo (✍) 10:39, 2005-11-02 (UTC)

I just added the mention of the first-prize winner for 2005, but it should also have the second-, third-, and runner-up prizes. it also needs the name of the song that James covered. — boredzo (✍) 07:58, 2005-11-04 (UTC)

"Best of" Tapes and CDs
It would be a good idea to list all of the "best of" tapes, CDs and DVDs, but I don't know them all (and it would be great if there was an explanation of the titles, when applicable). The ones I know are:

2004-2005 The DJs are the Heros 2003-2004 The J-K Conspiracy 2002-2003 Puppets are Clogging My Brain 1990-2002 The Greatest CD Ever! 2001 Nothing But Trouble (a phrase coined by Dave's youngest daughter when she was about 5 years old) 2000 The Breast of...Dave, Shelly and Chainsaw 1998-1999 Decade of Decadence 1997-1998 No Talent Punks (which is how a non-fan caller referred to D, S & C.) 1996-1997 Double Talking Liars (another accusation from another non-fan) 1995-1996 Sprechen Sie Douche? ? Old Lady Maggothead I think there were others????

The group has been putting out best-of's since their Dawn Patrol days. I believe 1991 was their first. I'll have to talk to Sheree and see what the others were.

In the CD "The greatest CD Ever!" there is a list of all of their best-of CDs. 1994-1995 - Old Lady Maggothead 1993-1994 - Exposed! 1992-1993 - Repeat Offenders 1991-1992 - Sophomoric Behavior 1990-1991 - The Rookie Season

--Raderick 00:01, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Added content
I added a section on Roddd and Lance, and I edited the 12 DofC section where it talks about the Grand-a-day giveaway to be past tense, as it's unknown if it will continue this year. Raderick 10:22, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Commander Butch
Is he really stationed in Iraq? I could had swarn that he was re-located to Corpus Christie, Texas, and could move back to San Diego by the end of the year.

History
Is it possible for us to work on a history page? It seems like most, if not, all Wikipedia pages has a history section, so why not here? We can document their days at Q106, passing of Dave's wife, pre-Dawn Patrol days, etc.

While we're at that, can we start work on individual pages, for example, we don't have pages for Cookie Randolph or Shelly Dunn yet. I imagine that this will very hard to do, as there isn't a whole lot of information available on the internet about any of the cast.

--Raderick 06:55, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Ask Us anything!
I understand that the bit includes callers asking the gang anything they so desires, but is there some un-official boundary? For example, I haven't heard a caller ever ask about Dave's deseaced wife, nor have I heard anything about his wife since the week or two after he came back on the air.
 * I'm sure most of The DSC's listeners have good enough taste not to bombard Dave with questions regarding his dead wife, which, especially during the time when he had just returned to the show. How would you feel, in his position? PantherFoxie 17:23, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Baseball Fever Clips?
Does anyone know who does the Baseball Fever clips, where the announcer usually calls play-by-play using many sexual entendres?

Pete Hansen. These bits are heard nationwide and are available through syndication on Premiere Radio Networks. Check your local listings!

You can't find and download a few of the Pete Hansen "Baseball Fever" clips here http://thepetehansenshow.mypodcast.com/ from his "The Pete Hansen Show" podcast. In fact, you may not be able to find Pete Hansen anywhere. The podcast has been taken down and the clips are almost non-existent. There is one and only one clip on youtube (just search "baseball.flv").

Current clips can be recorded off of the DSC - 100.7 KFM-BFM they are no longer on 101.5 KGB. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.8.21.158 (talk) 05:33, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Just so that anyone wonders what happened...
I don't know what I did, but I deleted a piece of the article, but I have since restored and put back some of the edits that I did. Can someone make sure that everything is still there. My humble apologies. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Raderick (talk • contribs) 11:25, April 17, 2006.

It is worth mentioning
That this article got mentioned via Ask Us Anything on the show Wednesday!

New content
I've added two new areas of content:

First, I added a section for bumper songs used on the show. I was able to name four. Please expand it.

Second, I've added a DSC page on Wikiquote:

Please expand that too. — boredzo (✍) 13:15, 2006-07-25 (UTC)

I also just added a section for commercial songs (used in the background of ad-libs). This also needs expansion. — boredzo (✍) 13:35, 2006-07-25 (UTC)

SCHUTIE!!! GOD!!!

We need to clean this up
The bits section is a mess. We need to sort things out by actual bits, info about the show, and even have a controversy section (as we know, the show had their share of it) --Raderick 11:56, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Unsourced statements?
Why's this article in Category:Articles with unsourced statements? To be sure, almost all of the statements in the article are not explicitly attributed, but I think it can be legitimately assumed that they refer to the show. — boredzo (✍) 08:41, 2007-01-05 (UTC)
 * Because of this statement
 * "The J-K Conspiracy is a movie produced by Dave, Shelly, and Chainsaw, directed by Chainsaw, and released in 2005. It stars the entire show, plus a number of celebrities (such as Bob Costas, Doug Flutie, Don Rickles, and Laura Schlessinger) and several notable listeners (including Listener Lex, Commander Butch, and Quiet-Talking James)"
 * Rich Farmbrough, 23:17 24 February 2007 (GMT).
 * Since no sources have surfaced in over 3 years and this was also a part of the contention that got it nominated for deletion, this section has been removed.--RadioFan (talk) 22:19, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Some corrections...
I (Quiet Talking James) don't want to edit the page, someone else can do that but I just wanted to clear something up, and that is that although I would have LOVED to be in The J-K Conspiracy, I was not. Commander Butch and Blind Stan were lucky and talented enough to be in it, but not I.

Someone also wanted a description of me and though I could sum it up with the phrase "Shy loner..." One can go to my myspace page (www.myspace.com/quietalker [just one 't']) or my band's page (www.myspace.com/redhanded101) ...pretty much sums it up.

Thanks for listening...

Long article, few sources
I've tagged the "Bits" section for its lack of sources, but that's a general problem with this article. From my experience with articles on similar shows, I doubt that significant sources can be found for most of the contents. Let's give it a few months and then cut down the unsourced materials.  Will Beback   talk    08:47, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

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User talk:80.229.197.34

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Quasar FF motorcycle may not be well-known enough to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. By starting an account or logging in, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

title: User talk:80.229.197.34


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Swisshelm Park

Swisshelm Park is a neighborhood located in the southeast corner of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is represented on the Pittsburgh City Council by Barbara Warwick. Swisshelm Park houses PBF 19 Engine, and is covered by PBP Zone 4 and the Bureau of EMS Medic 7.

A majority of Swisshelm Park is largely surrounded by Frick Park. Squirrel Hill's Nine Mile Run project borders it on the west; to the north is a section of the park adjacent to the Regent Square and the Parkway East. It also includes Duck Hollow, whose roads only connect to Squirrel Hill, in its borders.

The Sarah Jackson Black Community Center caters to the recreational and civic interests of the neighborhood. The center also lists the names of the hundreds who fought in World War II from the small community, including seven who died in action. Swisshelm Park Parklet is the place for young children to play. The neighborhood adjoins Frick Park, Regent Square, the Squirrel Hill shopping district, and Edgewood Towne Centre.

Swisshelm Park is full of suburban-style ranch and two story brick homes. It is also a tightly knit, family-oriented community. Its residents are active in its many recreational and youth programs. Because many city agencies require its employees to be city residents, the suburban character of the neighborhood has attracted many employees in the Department of Public Safety's Bureaus of Fire, Police and EMS, and the Pittsburgh Public School District.

History
Long before it had a name, Swisshelm Park was home to the Susquehannock and Iroquois Indians. Like the adjacent borough of Swissvale, Pennsylvania, Swisshelm Park is named after the Swisshelm family, which moved to the area in 1800, although the land was also known to locals as Deniston Park or North Homestead. John Swisshelm (1752–1838), a veteran of Valley Forge, purchased a grist mill from William Pollock in 1808 and built a small log cabin in Nine Mile Run Hollow. The approximate location of the Swisshelm family homestead was just west of what is now S. Braddock Avenue and W. Swissvale Avenue, with the grist mill likely buried where the adjacent parkway now sits. The largely Scotch-Irish settlers in the area took their grain to Swisshelm's grist mill for grinding, which then made its way to Pittsburgh via the old Braddock Road. The grist mill and barn had crumbled and fallen by 1892, while the old Swisshelm house burned down in 1904.

The Swisshelm name gained fame and prestige from John Swisshelm's daughter-in-law, Jane Grey Cannon Swisshelm, who was a teacher, business owner, prominent feminist, publisher of the Pittsburgh Saturday Visiter - an anti-slavery newspaper - and an organizer of the Underground Railroad. In 1850, Swisshelm made history as the first woman in the Senate press gallery. It was Jane Swisshelm who gave the Borough of Swissvale its name and for whom Swisshelm Park was named.

Before the coal industry moved into Swisshelm Park, the area was mostly farmland. One prominent land-owner in the area was William S. Haven, who was a close friend of Andrew Carnegie's and one of wealthiest men in Pittsburgh at the time. Haven's homestead was adjoined by the Swisshelm residence at Nine Mile Run Hollow and occupied what is today the Edgewood Towne Centre. Haven's wife, Helen (Cooper), gained notoriety during the Civil War for her generous support for the Union troops at nearby Camp Copeland (in the Braddock Borough). She is said to have made daily trips to the camp and, at her own expense, provided the troops with home cooked meals while attending to the sick and dying. Other homesteads in the area were owned by Robert Milligan, John McKelvy, Samuel Deniston, Thomas Dickson, Alexander Gordon, J. S. Newmyer, and Col. William G. Hawkins, all of whom now have schools and streets named after them in Swissvale, Edgewood, and surrounding areas.

The building of the Pennsylvania Railroad through the area in 1852 encouraged industry. The Dickson-Stewart Coal Company began operations in 1866, attracting miners and their families. Swisshelm Park was incorporated into the City of Pittsburgh in 1868, relatively late in the city's history, when Jane Swisshelm was 53 years old. However, as late as the 1930s, residents noted that they were often not considered by others to be "city residents", given the rather isolated nature of the neighborhood. Even today, Swisshelm Park remains unknown to many Pittsburgh residents and is frequently mistaken as a suburb.

Jackson Family and Windermere Drive
A 35-acre portion of modern-day Swisshelm Park, including most of the area surrounding what is now Windermere Drive, was once owned by George Jackson, who died in 1854 and left the land to heirs. After the death of his last surviving children Mollie (or Mary) who died in 1889, and Sarah Black who died in 1912, a scandal erupted over the ownership of the land. Sarah left the land to a distant relative, Robert George Jackson, who was then sued in court by Alice Carey Jackson Cannon. Alice sued for partial ownership of the land on the grounds that she was the illegitimate daughter of Mollie Jackson and was therefore entitled to a portion of the estate. Although her true birth origins were kept secret from her through most of her childhood, Alice eventually learned that she was the child of Mollie and City Fire Bureau Chief, Samuel Evans. Having laid bare the secret origins of her birth and producing several witnesses who affirmed her account in court, the judge sided with Alice and awarded her half of the estate, then valued at 1.5 million dollars, in 1915. The former Jackson farm house still stands and the barn was converted to a community center still in use today, the Sarah Jackson Black Community Center. A city real estate map from 1939 shows that Robert George Jackson maintained possession of much of the land, which was divided into subplots and named, "Ye Old Swissvale Farm" development. In 1940, Robert George Jackson, a former resident of England, began putting the lots of land on Windermere Drive up for sale to raise money for British bomb refugees during the early stages of World War II. The lots ranged in value from $1,200 to $2,000 apiece, or approximately $20,000 to $32,000 today when adjusted for inflation. Jackson's connection to England might also explain the origins for the name of the street, as Windermere, the largest natural lake in England, has been a popular place in England for holidays and summer homes since 1846, when the first railroad to area was built. Most of the homes on Windermere Drive were built after the war in the early 1950s, with many of the homes supported by steel produced by the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Company in nearby Etna, Pennsylvania.

Nine Mile Run and Summerset at Frick Park
For decades, a continuing concern of Swisshelm Park residents was the condition and reuse of the Duquesne slag area on the northwestern portion of the neighborhood. Although city planners had at one time considered damming the Nine Mile Run and creating a golf course and recreation area, Duquesne Steel Works purchased the area around 1923 and began dumping slag, which is a glass-like material left over after extraction of metals from the smelting or refining of ore. The slag was brought in from the steel mill in Rankin via train and from the Jones and Laughlin Mill via barge, and it slowly buried the park-like terrain and stream, the Nine Mile Run. By the time the dumping finally ceased, in 1972, a large area had been overtaken by two giant mountains of slag, said to be over 10 stories high, with the polluted stream bisecting the slag heaps. The stream eventually became the largest urban stream restoration in the United States carried out by the US Army Corps of Engineers. In 1996, the Nine Mile Run Greenway Project began at Carnegie Mellon University, which led to the incorporation of the Nine Mile Run Watershed Association, in 2001. In 1997, construction began to re-purpose the land into an upscale housing development, the Summerset at Frick Park residential development project. The master plan for this brownfield redevelopment project aims to make use of 40 acres along the western border of the Swisshelm Park neighborhood (between the western ends of Onodago Street and Goodman Street) to add an additional 217 new residential housing units and to make significant improvements to the adjacent Frick Park.

Duck Hollow
Duck Hollow is an isolated neighborhood located within Swisshelm Park's boundaries. It is accessible to automobiles only via a connection to the Squirrel Hill neighborhood, which previously required traversing an old, weight-restricted bridge. The new McFarren Street Bridge was constructed in 2020 to provide unrestricted access to emergency vehicles and others. It is bounded by the Monongahela River and railroad tracks, and by towering slag heaps across Nine Mile Run.

Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods
Swisshelm Park has three land borders, two with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Regent Square to the northwest and Squirrel Hill South from the north down to the southwest. The other land border is with Swissvale to the east. Across the Monongahela River to the south, Swisshelm Park runs adjacent with Homestead and Munhall.

title: Swisshelm Park


text:
Secernentea

Secernentea was a class of nematodes in the Classical Phylogeny System (Chitwood, 1958) and is no longer in use. This morphological-based classification system has been replaced by the Modern Phylogeny system, where taxonomy assignment is based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA).

Characteristics of Secernentea are:

 * Amphid apertures are pore/slit-like
 * Derids are present in some; located near nerve ring
 * Phasmids are present; posterior
 * Excretory system is tubular
 * Cuticle is striated in two to four layers; lateral field is present
 * Three esophageal glands; esophageal structure varies
 * Males generally have one testis
 * Caudal alae are common
 * Sensory papillae are cephalic only; may be caudal papillae in males
 * Mostly terrestrial
 * Rarely found in fresh or marine water

Systematics
Subclasses and orders of Secernentea are:

 * Subclass Rhabditia (paraphyletic?)
 * Rhabditida
 * Strongylida
 * Subclass Spiruria
 * Ascaridida
 * Camallanida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
 * Drilonematida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
 * Oxyurida (= Rhabdiasida)
 * Rhigonematida (formerly in Tylenchia)
 * Spirurida
 * Subclass Diplogasteria (may belong in Rhabditia)
 * Diplogasterida
 * Subclass Tylenchia (may belong in Rhabditia)
 * Aphelenchida
 * Tylenchida

Some families traditionally considered to be Rhabditida seem to be closer to the Tylenchida. If the Tylenchia are to be maintained as separate, they probably will be included therein.

title: Secernentea


text:
Alun Armstrong

Alan Armstrong (born 1946 ), known professionally as Alun Armstrong, is an English character actor. He grew up in County Durham in North East England, and first became interested in acting through Shakespeare productions at his grammar school. Since his career began in the early 1970s, he has played, in his words, "the full spectrum of characters from the grotesque to musicals... I always play very colourful characters, often a bit crazy, despotic, psychotic".

His credits include several Charles Dickens adaptations, and the eccentric ex-detective Brian Lane in New Tricks. He is also an accomplished stage actor who spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He originated the role of Thénardier in the London production of Les Misérables, and won an Olivier Award in the title role in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.

Early life
Born Alan Armstrong in Annfield Plain, County Durham, his father was a coal miner and both his parents were Methodist lay preachers. He attended Annfield Plain Junior School, then Consett Grammar School, where a teacher inspired him to try acting. In the lower sixth, he played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew, a role he later played with the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Armstrong took part in the National Youth Theatre summer school in 1964, but his background and northern accent made him feel out of place. He auditioned for RADA but was not accepted. He instead studied fine art at Newcastle University. He found the course pretentious and felt that he did not fit in, and he was sent down after two years when he stopped attending classes.

Armstrong had jobs with a bricklayer and as a gravedigger before he decided to try acting again. He started out as an assistant stage manager at the Cambridge Arts Theatre, then went on to a Theatre in Education company affiliated with the Sheffield Repertory Theatre. He also performed in several Radio 4 dramas.

Film
Armstrong made his screen debut in Get Carter (1971). On learning that the film was being made in Newcastle, Armstrong wrote a letter to MGM, the studio making the film, and was invited to meet director Mike Hodges, who was keen to cast local actors.

Armstrong has appeared in a number of films, although usually in supporting roles. In A Bridge Too Far (1977), he had a small role as one of the British troops at the Battle of Arnhem. He played a French soldier, Lieutenant Lecourbe, in Ridley Scott's 1977 film The Duellists. He had a supporting role as the bandit leader Torquil in the 1983 fantasy film Krull.

His first cinematic lead role was as Maxwell Randall, the titular vampire in Alan Clarke's snooker musical Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire (1987). Armstrong sang "I Bite Back".

In Patriot Games (1992), Armstrong played an SO-13 officer. In Braveheart (1995), he played the Scottish noble Mornay who betrayed William Wallace. He was the villainous Egyptian cult leader Baltus Hafez in The Mummy Returns (2001), and he portrayed Saint Peter with a Geordie accent in Millions (2004). He also had small roles as the High Constable in Sleepy Hollow (1999), Cardinal Jinette in Van Helsing (2004), Magistrate Fang in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005) and Uncle Garrow in Eragon (2006).

Television
Armstrong has had over 80 roles in television productions. During the 1970s, he appeared in various TV series, including episodes of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?, Porridge, Public Eye and The Sweeney.

He was cast in two mini-series dealing with coal miners in North East England. He played Joe Gowlan in The Stars Look Down (1974) based on the novel by A. J. Cronin and he appeared in Ken Loach's Days of Hope (1975) set in his native County Durham. In a 2007 interview, Armstrong singled out Days of Hope as a favourite: "I loved that because it was my own history and background that was being dramatised and, in a way, nothing gets better than that".

In the comedy series A Sharp Intake of Breath, he played a variety of characters who complicate the life of the main character played by David Jason. In 1977, he was the strict Deputy Headmaster in Willy Russell's Our Day Out, a television play about a group of poor schoolchildren on a daytrip. He also starred in the 1981 Yorkshire Television drama Get Lost!

Armstrong has portrayed characters from the works of Charles Dickens. He played Wackford Squeers and Mr. Wagstaff in the eight-hour Royal Shakespeare Company stage adaptation of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby that was filmed for television in 1982. He has appeared in two versions of Oliver Twist: the 1999 ITV mini-series as Agnes Fleming's father Captain Fleming and the 2005 Roman Polanski film as Magistrate Fang. He has had roles in four BBC Dickens adaptations, as Daniel Peggotty in David Copperfield (1999); as Inspector Bucket in Bleak House (2005); as Jeremiah and Ephraim Flintwinch in Little Dorrit (2008); and as Hiram Grewgious in The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2012). Armstrong has been a fan of Dickens since reading David Copperfield aloud in school. He particularly remembered Dan Peggotty's houseboat on the beach, and in order to play the role he turned down an offer from Clint Eastwood, with whom he had worked on White Hunter Black Heart.

In the BBC drama series Our Friends in the North (1996), he played Austin Donohue, a character based on the politician T. Dan Smith. Armstrong portrayed 18th century politician Henry Fox in the BBC serial Aristocrats (1999). In the 2000 TV film This Is Personal: The Hunt for the Yorkshire Ripper, he portrayed George Oldfield, the Assistant Chief Constable for Crime at West Yorkshire Police whose health deteriorated during the investigation as he received messages purportedly from the killer. He was nominated for a Royal Television Society award for his role in This Is Personal.

In the second series of Bedtime (2002), he played a widower concerned about his son's suspicious behaviour. He and Brenda Blethyn co-starred in Between the Sheets (2003) as a frustrated married couple in sex therapy. In an adaptation of Carrie's War, he played a strict man who reluctantly takes in two children evacuated to Wales during World War II.

Armstrong is known for his role as Brian Lane in the BBC One series New Tricks about a group of former police detectives who help investigate unsolved and open cases for London's Metropolitan Police. The character of Brian Lane is an obsessive and socially inept recovering alcoholic who has a great capacity for remembering details of old cases and colleagues. In August 2012, Armstrong announced he would leave the show after the tenth series. The announcement followed comments by the cast in an interview with the Radio Times that criticised some of the series' writing, and which drew an angry rebuttal from the show's writer-director Julian Simpson.

During the run of New Tricks, Armstrong continued to take on other projects. He starred in the 2004 TV film When I'm 64 about a lonely retired schoolteacher who starts a relationship with another man. He chose the role, despite his apprehension about filming a love scene with co-star Paul Freeman, because he thought it was a lovely and thought-provoking story. He also starred in The Girls Who Came to Stay (2006), about a British couple who take in two girls exposed to the effects of the Chernobyl disaster, and Filth (2008), as the husband of "Clean-Up TV" activist Mary Whitehouse.

For three series from 2009 to 2011, he played William Garrow's mentor John Southouse in the BBC period legal drama Garrow's Law. In 2012, he played the Earl of Northumberland in the BBC2 adaptations of Henry IV, Parts I and II. His son Joe Armstrong played Northumberland's son Hotspur. In the 2014 Showtime horror series Penny Dreadful, Armstrong played Vincent Brand, an actor who gives Frankenstein's monster a job at the Grand Guignol. He guest starred in the 2014 Christmas special of Downton Abbey, and took the role of Clifford Bentley in ITV police drama Prime Suspect 1973.

Theatre
In addition to his film and television work, Armstrong has acted in many theatre productions. One of his early roles was Billy Spencer in David Storey's play The Changing Room at the Royal Court Theatre directed by Lindsay Anderson in 1971. In 1975, he played Touchstone in As You Like It directed by Peter Gill at the Nottingham Playhouse.

Armstrong spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1979 to 1988. On tour and at the Donmar Warehouse in 1979–80, he played Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing and Azdak in The Caucasian Chalk Circle.

In 1981, Armstrong joined the cast of the eight-hour production of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby as Wackford Squeers. The company went on tour to perform on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre. The play was filmed for television at the Old Vic Theatre in 1982.

In productions at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, the Theatre Royal, Newcastle, and the Barbican Theatre in 1982–83, Armstrong played Trinculo in The Tempest and Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew with Sinéad Cusack as Kate. In 1983, he played Ralph Trapdoor in The Roaring Girl starring Helen Mirren. He performed the roles of Leontes in The Winter's Tale and John Proctor in The Crucible on a national tour that included Christ Church, Spitalfields in 1984 and on tour to Poland in 1985. In 1985–86, he played Thersites in Troilus and Cressida.

In the autumn of 1985, Armstrong took on what is perhaps his best-known stage role: Thénardier in the original London production of Les Misérables. Thénardier and his wife, played by Susan Jane Tanner, are innkeepers whose shady practices are revealed in the song "Master of the House." Armstrong described Thénardier as "a gruesome and comic character."

Armstrong was one of the first to be cast, along with fellow Royal Shakespeare Company members Sue Jane Tanner and Roger Allam. He was involved in fleshing out his role, particularly in the second act song "Dog Eats Dog." He was surprised by the success of Les Misérables "because it is different to other musicals. Different because it is a sung musical throughout and also a little operatic; I didn't think it would be very popular." He left the production after a year because he became bored with the repetition and wanted to move on to other things.

He sings on Original London Cast Recording. He reprised the role, paired with Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, in Les Misérables - The Dream Cast in Concert at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, which was filmed and released on DVD. He also appeared in the 25th anniversary concert, though Matt Lucas performed the role of Thénardier.

Armstrong received nominations in two categories for the 1985 Olivier Award: Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Musical for Les Misérables and Actor of the Year for The Crucible and The Winter's Tale. In 1988, he was again nominated for the Olivier Award for the roles of Barabas in an RSC production of The Jew of Malta and the Captain in a National Theatre production of The Father by August Strindberg. The New York Times review of The Father said: "At its imploding center is the superb actor Alun Armstrong... 'To eat or be eaten, that is the question,' says the captain. By evening's end, Mr. Armstrong seems to have been devoured alive by his inner demons..."

During the short run of the musical The Baker's Wife at the Phoenix Theatre in 1989–90, he played the role of the baker Aimable Castagnet. The production, directed by Trevor Nunn, received positive reviews but did not attract large audiences and closed after 56 performances. He was nominated for an Olivier Award for Outstanding Performance of the Year by an Actor in a Musical.

Armstrong won the Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 1994 for his performance as Sweeney Todd in the 1993 London revival of the musical at the National Theatre. The play also won for Best Musical Revival and his co-star Julia McKenzie won Best Actress in a Musical.

At the Donmar Warehouse, Armstrong appeared as Albert Einstein in Terry Johnson's Insignificance in 1995, and he played Hamm in Samuel Beckett's Endgame in 1996. He starred as Willy Loman in a 1996–97 National Theatre production of Death of a Salesman. In 1997–98, he appeared in a production of the comedy The Front Page directed by Sam Mendes at the Donmar Warehouse. The Independent review noted: "As for Alun Armstrong, we don't meet him until late in the second of three acts but he dominates the entire evening. He barks, bleats and bellows across the stage, grabbing Hildy and the show by the scruff of the neck and hurtling through to a zinger of a climax."

Armstrong took the lead role at short notice in Shelagh Stephenson's play Mappa Mundi in 2002, replacing Ian Holm who withdrew due to illness. In 2006, he returned to the stage to star in Trevor Nunn's production of The Royal Hunt of the Sun at the National Theatre. At the Proms in 2012, he played Alfred Doolittle in a performance of My Fair Lady starring Annalene Beechey and Anthony Andrews. Armstrong stars in a 2014 production of Ionesco's black comedy Exit the King at the Theatre Royal, Bath's Ustinov Studio.

Personal life
Armstrong and his wife, Sue, have three sons: Tom, Joe (also an actor), and Dan. Father and son played older and younger versions of the same character in the 2010 BBC drama A Passionate Woman, and they played Northumberland and his son Hotspur in the 2012 BBC adaptation of Henry IV. Dan was a musician in the band Clock Opera. Armstrong appeared in the music video for their song "The Lost Buoys".

In July 2009, Armstrong was awarded two honorary degrees in recognition of his contributions to the arts. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of East Anglia and an Honorary Doctorate of Arts from the University of Sunderland. The theatre at the Civic Hall in Stanley, County Durham, near Armstrong's hometown, was named after him in 2014.

Armstrong is a supporter of AFC Wimbledon, as is his character in New Tricks.

Radio

 * 2018 The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. BBC Radio 4.

title: Alun Armstrong


text:
List of highest-grossing films in Singapore

Below is a list of the all-time top-grossing films in Singapore (based on total receipts to December 2011) in Singapore dollars:

Top-grossing films of all time
The highest-grossing films in Singapore, by box office gross revenue, are as follows.

Top-grossing films in 2004 l
Figures are as at 31 December 2004, with The Incredibles and Kung Fu Hustle were still being screened at that time.

Top-grossing films in 2005
Figures are as at 31 December 2005, with Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and King Kong were still being screened at that time.

Top-grossing films in 2006
Figures are as at 30 December 2006, with Casino Royale and Happy Feet were still being screened at that time.

Top-grossing films in 2007
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 19 August 2023)

Top-grossing films in 2008
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2009
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2010
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2011
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2012
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 22 May 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2013
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 22 May 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2014
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2015
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2016
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2017
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo in US dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 October 2018)

Top-grossing films in 2018
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and 8 Days in Singapore dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 2 March 2019)

Top-grossing films in 2019
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and 8 Days in Singapore dollars. (Figures are accurate as of 20 January 2020)

Top-grossing films in 2020
Figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and supplemented with local reports. Box office were suspended from March 27 to July 12, 2020 due to the government regulation on suspension as a result of COVID-19 pandemic.

Top-grossing films in 2021
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and supplemented by local reports. (Figures are accurate as of 5 April 2022)

Top-grossing films in 2022
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and supplement by local reports. (Figures are accurate as of 20 September 2023)

Top-grossing films in 2023
All figures provided are from Box Office Mojo and supplemented by local reports. (Figures are accurate as of 24 June 2024)


text:
List of video games featuring the Punisher

The Marvel Comics anti-hero Punisher has made several appearances on numerous electronic and gaming platforms.

The Punisher (1990 NES game)
A Punisher game for the Nintendo Entertainment System was produced by LJN Toys in 1990. The player controls the Punisher character from an over-the-shoulder perspective through various New York City locations, shooting thugs and battling supervillains as bosses (the final boss was the Kingpin).

The game was ported to the Game Boy in 1991. It plays in a manner similar to Operation Wolf and features a cameo appearance by Spider-Man. The Kingpin was the final boss in all versions except for Game Boy, which used Jigsaw.

The Punisher (1990 computer game)
Also in 1990, MicroProse produced a Punisher computer game for DOS and Amiga. It features three different modes of gameplay: driving the Punisher's "Battle Van", walking through NYC's streets and select buildings, and scuba diving.

The Punisher: The Ultimate Payback!
A Game Boy game with Jigsaw as the main villain and cameos from Spider-Man.

The Punisher (1993 arcade game)
A coin-operated arcade game titled The Punisher was released in 1993 by Capcom. The game is a side-scrolling beat-'em-up in the vein of Capcom's Final Fight, where the player can control the Punisher or Nick Fury on their quest to kill The Kingpin, and would engage various foes in hand-to-hand combat, occasionally drawing firearms in lieu of melee combat. A home conversion developed by Sculptured Software was released for the Mega Drive/Genesis in 1994.

The Punisher (2005 game)
In 2004, a violent Punisher action game designed for adult players was released by Volition, Inc. Players take control of the vigilante hero to track down criminals and make them pay for their deeds. The game's story is a loose mixture of the 2004 film, as well as the 2000 mini-series, Welcome Back, Frank, written by Garth Ennis and pencilled by Steve Dillon, wherein the character has no aversion to committing acts of extreme violence. Thomas Jane, who portrayed the title role in the 2004 Punisher film also provides the voice of The Punisher in the game.

The Punisher: No Mercy
A PlayStation 3 Punisher game was developed by Zen Studios and released by Sony Computer Entertainment on July 2, 2009, for PlayStation 3. The game includes many characters from the comics such as Nick Fury, Dum Dum Dugan, Outlaw, and Yelena Belova.

Playable appearances

 * The Punisher appeared as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Alliance.
 * The Punisher appeared as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Heroes, voiced by Marc Worden.
 * The Punisher appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Robin Atkin Downes.
 * The Punisher appeared in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by James Arnold Taylor. He was first featured as an antagonist, fighting with Kingpin. He could later be recruited after his defeat during the "Daredevil" event.
 * The Punisher appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.
 * The Punisher appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions.
 * The Punisher appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Future Fight.
 * The Punisher appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order. He is available through the DLC "Marvel Knights: Curse of the Vampire".
 * The Punisher will appear as a playable character in Marvel Rivals.

Non-playable appearances

 * The Punisher appears in Spider-Man. In it, the Punisher helps Spider-Man find Mysterio's secret hideout in Warehouse 65. He offers to help, but Spider-Man declines, stating he wants to "keep the body-count low". The Punisher is seen again in the last scene of the game playing cards with Spider-Man, Captain America and Daredevil. This is slightly humorous, as the Punisher does not usually fraternize with anyone, let alone known superheroes. The Punisher's voice was provided by Daran Norris.
 * The Punisher is mentioned in Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects. A reporter mistakenly claims that the Punisher is "missing in action". A torn piece of cloth from his trademark "skull" can be seen hanging on a post over a large chain gun in the cinematic opening.
 * The Punisher is mentioned in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2. During a conversation between Captain America and Luke Cage, the player talks about why the Punisher was not recruited onto the Anti-Reg side.
 * The Punisher's costume is available as part of the DLC "Marvel Costume Kit 4" of LittleBigPlanet.
 * The Punisher's Captain America costume appears as an alternate costume for Captain America in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds.
 * A zombified version of The Punisher makes a cameo in Frank West's ending in Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3.


text:
Muli

Muli may refer to:

Places

 * Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Sichuan, China
 * Muli River, Sichuan, China
 * Múli, a village on the island of Borðoy, in the Faroe Islands
 * Muli State, a former princely state in India
 * Muli, Gujarat, a city and municipality in the state of Gujarat, India
 * Muli Strait, Indonesia
 * Muli, Kermanshah, a village in Iran
 * Muli, Khuzestan, a village in Iran
 * Muli, Meemu Atoll, the main town on Meemu Atoll, Maldives

Other uses

 * Muli (given name), a list of people with the name
 * Mullo (vampire), a creature from Roma (Gypsy) mythology
 * Muli station, a metro station in Suzhou, China
 * Daikon, also known as mooli (romanized as mūlī), a winter radish
 * Muli (TV series), a Malaysian-Filipino television series

title: Muli


text:
Talk:Doug Forrester

Untitled
I'm curious, does Forrester have any other children besides his daughter. If so, what are their names? -- ZeWrestler  Talk 14:20, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * He has two sons, Alex and Ryan. - Calmypal (T) 19:54, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've heard of ryan forrester, but someone keeps telling me about a greg forrester that is sopposedly his son as well. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 21:00, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

It should also be noted that he lead a campaign to kick Dan Rather off the air, and several CBS executives. I remember seeing the commercials, and he wrote about it on his site. --Psycho78m 21:36, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

birth
head up. the article lists 2 different states as places he was born in. which was it? ZeWrestler  Talk 20:53, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Doug Forrester was born in California.

Greg Forrester is not his son.

title: Talk:Doug Forrester


text:
Template talk:Chicago metropolitan area

Rockford is in Chicagoland?! --goethean ॐ 14:20, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've merged this into Template:Chicago; what do you think of this solution? --Pharos 04:04, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I redesigned this template instead.--Pharos 04:26, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Regions ---> States
I have done away with the regions section of the template and replaced it with "States" because only two, very loosly defined regions were listed. The whole template deals with a region, and splitting Chicagoland up into smaller sub-regions seems futile as there is an overwhelming number of possible regions. In this case, only two were listed and they covered a very small part of Chicagoland. IMO, if you are going to pick two regions, I would not have picked those two; they dont even have articles. --Gpyoung talk 16:28, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Other Counties
I've added counties to the Chicagoland template that are listed as being part of Chicagoland. Was there some reason for previously excluding them? Thanks. Ufwuct 15:14, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Cities vs. Towns vs. Villages
Should we bother making the distinction between these two categories? perhaps should we just catagozrize based on size, making the top something like 60,000, and the middle 30,000? Is the current distinction really useful? --YbborT 21:38, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Redundancy
Titling this template "Metropolitan area of Chicagoland" is annoyingly redundant. Notwithstanding the usage concerns, can we call it either "Chicagoland" OR "Chicago Metropolitan Area" and not a mix of the terms? Speciate 19:57, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

WikiCleaner
Used WikiCleaner to update wikilinks, only change was to 2000 Census page name. Thanks! Funandtrvl (talk) 19:17, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Chicago metropolitan area


text:
Talk:Morgan Spurlock

To add to article
To add to this article: which type of cancer he died from. 98.123.38.211 (talk) 15:31, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

This information has not been released by the family at this time. They may release it at a later date. Harizotoh9 (talk) 18:14, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

 * It is important to note that his death is from "complications of cancer" not cancer itself. It can be difficult to determine the exact cause of death as complications of cancer could mean bone metastasis pain, hypercalcemia, and venous thromboembolism. As per noted in the previous comment, the type of cancer has not be publisized. Jurisdicta (talk) 18:41, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

It seems he was a severe lifelong alcoholic, and the family may give more information relating to the cause of his death and his health. Spurlock has talked about his severe drinking problem since 2017 so that might be added to the article. Harizotoh9 (talk) 15:51, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

Death
Is it fair to speculate his 30 days of eating McDonald's caused his, unfortunate and early, death? 206.84.252.154 (talk) 19:48, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

 * It is not fair to speculate, as there is not a factual link between eating fast food for 30 days and dying of cancer. I would say his lifetime alcohol addiction (of which he speaks about in his 2017 Twitter post) is more likely the cause of his death, and his liver complications seen in the 2004 documentary, "Supersize Me". He stated that he was never sober for more than a week, and had been drinking since the age of 13. 73.73.196.31 (talk) 21:57, 25 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Wow. I had no idea. Thank you for clarifying. 206.84.252.154 (talk) 15:45, 26 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Fair question. I'd say if it took 20 years for a 30 day Micky D's bender to catch up with him, then he still wasn't doing too bad. 2600:1700:F0A0:2430:AE1F:38E3:2707:F480 (talk) 02:20, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morgan Spurlock


text: File:Mfsbadge.png

title: File:Mfsbadge.png


text:
Malaysia Cup

The Malaysia Cup (Piala Malaysia), formerly known as Malaya Cup, is an annual football tournament in Malaysia, held at the end of the calendar year. The cup was first held in 1921. Despite its prestige and popularity as the country's oldest cup tournament, it does not guarantee a place in a continental competition, which is allocated to the Malaysia FA Cup winners. The competition was previously managed by the Football Association of Malaysia, before it was transferred to the Football Malaysia LLP (now known as the Malaysian Football League) in the 2016 season.

In the 2016 edition, the competition structure changed and only the top eleven teams of the Malaysia Super League and the top five teams of the Malaysia Premier League qualified for the cup.

The current title holder is Johor Darul Ta'zim, who won its fourth title in the 2023 edition.

History
The Piala Malaysia is one of Asia's longest-running football competitions. Established in 1921, it was known as the Malaya Cup from 1921 to 1967, after the donation of a trophy from the British Royal Navy ship HMS Malaya. The tournament was renamed the Piala Malaysia in 1967. For much of its history, the Cup was contested by Malaysian state teams, military teams as well as foreign invitees Singapore and Brunei. Malaysian club teams were allowed entry into the competition from 2000.

Origins
In January 1921, the British Royal Navy battleship HMS Malaya called at Port Swettenham (now Port Klang), Singapore, Malacca, Penang and Port Dickson. During its stay, the crew competed in friendly matches in football, rugby, hockey, sailing, and golf against local clubs.

Three months later, the Chief Secretary of the Federated Malay States government received a letter from Captain H. T. Buller of HMS Malaya, which offered two cups to be competed for in football and rugby as tokens of their gratitude for the reception they received in Malaya. The offer was accepted and various club representatives met to organise the tournament.

First tournament
A Malaya Cup committee was set up and it was decided to run the football competition in northern and southern sections. The first tournament were entrusted to be run by the Selangor Club. The first ever Malaya Cup match was played on 20 August 1921, with Selangor defeating Penang 5–1 in front of an estimated crowd of 5,000 in Kuala Lumpur. The inaugural tournament were played by six teams and won by Singapore where each Singapore players received a gold badge for their victory.

Pre-war years
The popularity of the tournament was already apparent in its early years where in 1923, a newspaper described it as "by far the greatest sporting event of the year" (in Malaya). The final was played outside Kuala Lumpur for the first time in 1925, when Singapore defeated Selangor 2–1 at the Anson Road Stadium. Singapore also maintained a record of appearing in every Malaya Cup final from the first in 1921 to 1941, when the competition was disrupted by World War II.

In September 1926, representatives from the football associations of Selangor, Singapore, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca agreed to form a Malayan Football Association (MFA). The MFA was based in Kuala Lumpur, with John Sime of Singapore as its first president, and was represented on the Malaya Cup committee which organised the competition. The MFA saw little activity until 1932, when it was revived and reformed as the Football Association of Malaya (FAM). The FAM also took control of the organisation of the Malaya Cup from its founding committee. The same year, the British Services were allowed to enter their own teams, joining Kedah and Johor which were both in the competition by 1930.

Post-war era
The Malaya Cup resumed in 1948, and the post-war era saw Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perlis enter the competition. In 1957, the final was played for the first time at the newly constructed Merdeka Stadium. The majority of the finals would be held at the Merdeka Stadium until the 1990s.

In 1959, the Malaya Cup departed from the traditional one round tournament to a two-round home and away format in three zones, East, South and North.

In 1967, the Malaya Cup was retired and replaced with a new trophy, the Piala Malaysia, in line with political developments and since then the competition has been known as the Piala Malaysia. The old Malaya Cup now resides at the National Museum in Kuala Lumpur.

Where previous tournaments had been segmented into geographical zones, the 1979 edition saw every team play each other in a 17-team competition. New entries were Federal Territory (later renamed Kuala Lumpur), the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, as well as the independent sultanate of Brunei. A one-round league competition was introduced in Malaysia in 1979. The top four teams at the end of the league will face off in two semi-finals before the winners made it to the finals. In 1981, the quarter-finals stage were introduced. When the league began, it was intended primarily as a qualifying tournament for the Piala Malaysia.

However, only in 1982, the league trophy was awarded to the winners of the league stage. Since then, the Piala Malaysia has been held after the conclusion of the league each year, with only the best-performing teams in the league qualifying for the Piala Malaysia.

Modern era
In 2003, MPPJ FC became the first club and a non state team to win the cup. Prior to that year, the two teams which made the final had always been representative sides of the regional Football Associations, or military teams.

Teams representing two of Malaysia's neighbouring countries have been involved in the competition. Brunei won the cup in 1999 and continue to be involved though in recent years they have been represented by the club side DPMM FC, whereas initially their team was organised by the Football Association of Brunei. Singapore used to enter a team organised by the Football Association of Singapore. Their team won the cup 24 times and are the second most successful side in the competition's history after Selangor. However, after their last win in 1994, Singapore withdrew from the competition following a dispute with the Football Association of Malaysia over gate receipts and have not been involved since. In 2011, Football Association of Singapore announced that Singapore would be back to join the Piala Malaysia in 2012. On 5 December 2011, Football Association of Singapore had unveiled the new squad list and line up planned for the 2012 edition of Piala Malaysia where LIONSXII was sent to compete.

Privatisation era
In 2015, Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP) was created in the course of privatisation of the Malaysian football league system. The partnership saw all 24 teams of Liga Super and Liga Premier including FAM as the Managing Partner and MP & Silva as a special partner (FAM's global media and commercial advisor) to become stakeholders in the company. FMLLP owns, operates and runs five entities in Malaysian football under its jurisdiction, which include Liga Super, the Liga Premier, the Piala FA, the Piala Malaysia and the Piala Sumbangsih. It aims to transform and move Malaysian football forward.

List of finals
Below is a list of Malaysia Cup winners and finalists since its inception in 1921.

Performance by clubs
Since its establishment, the Malaysia Cup has been won by 15 different teams. Teams shown in italics no longer exist or no longer compete in the competition.

title: Malaysia Cup


text:
Malpur, Aravalli

Malpur is a census town in Aravalli district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

History
Malpur State was an Indian princely state founded about the middle of the fifteenth century. Rawal Virajmal, son of Rao Kiratsinghji of Idar State, was succeeded on 12 April 1882 by his son Rawal Dipsinhji Sheosinhji, born in 1863.

The last ruler was Rawal Shri Gambhirsinhji Himatsinhji, born 27 October 1914 and who acceded to the throne on 23 June 1923. He was educated at Scott College, Sadra and Mayo College, Ajmer and nominally ruled until 1947 when Malpur State was merged with Baroda State under the Attachment Scheme in December 1943. Finally Baroda State acceded to the Indian Union on 1 May 1949.

Geography
Malpur is located at 23.35909°N, 73.46455°W. It has an average elevation of 4 metres (13 feet).

Demographics
India census, Malpur had a population of 6,510. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Malpur has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 64%. In Malpur, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Connectivity
Malpur is connected to all major towns of Gujarat by public transport service operated by GSRTC.

title: Malpur, Aravalli


text:
User talk:JamesKosub

Spurlock
Please explain your edits in the talk page so the entire Wikipedia group can come to a concensus on how to deal with this. Your editing of critical views borders on a POV issue and should be addressed with everyone as a whole. Please take a minute? --Badlydrawnjeff 15:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

---

Done. And as I stated before: the critical views are not gone, nor are they diminished in any way. Rather, they have simply been edited for clarity and to eliminate redundant material. I did the same thing on an entry for the rapper, 50 Cent, and the world did not end. Repetitive phrasing, duplicated information and other items cry out for editing.

As for "Spurlock Watch," the site is nothing but a wingnut hatchet job on Spurlock. The author decries Spurlock's poor use of documentation, and yet makes undocumented claims, himself. I'm all for critical discussion, but in order for such discussion to be valid, it has to be grounded in some kind of rules-set fair to both sides. The author of "Spurlock Watch" is apparently only interested in doing a smear, and that's unacceptable. -- James

So people just doing smear jobs being featured on Wikipedia offends you? Cool, then we can go ahead and delete all entries relating to Morgan Spurlock! -68.0.124.45 01:50, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JamesKosub


text:
User talk:Cocobanana~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Meelar (talk) 14:24, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cocobanana. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cocobanana~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:05, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:41, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cocobanana~enwiki


text:
Eugene Pulliam

Eugene Pulliam may refer to:

 * Eugene C. Pulliam (1889–1975), American newspaper publisher and businessman
 * Eugene S. Pulliam (1914–1999), American publisher of the Indianapolis Star and the Indianapolis News

title: Eugene Pulliam


text:
User talk:Pugnavi

This user is a sockpuppet of blocked user Pugnare. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eliezer (talk • contribs)

-What do I care? Pugnavi 14:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

This account and the account of User:Pugnare have been blocked indefinitely for threatening Wikipedia:

It surprises me how fast you admins act when presented a vandal, but how indifferent you are to messy articles in dire need of cleanup. I wonder if the fast reflexes you applied when blocking me will also apply when shown an appallingly written article. I guess not. I even wonder if what I say has an effect on you, as it has not had one on many administrators, obsessed as they are with deleting, blocking, reverting, edit-warring, article moving, disputing, quarreling, and so on and so forth, etc. etc.

You pay attention to worthless vandals, who by the way do not need immediate attention, but not to popular articles (such as the new Harry Potter Bk. 6 and 7 articles), which need much more serious attention than annoying trolls disrupting unimportant matters.

This is a threat. You may choose to view it as such or as a friendly wake-up call from a user who has long been disillusioned by the apathetic dealings of the big-headed administrators, too proud to even look back at the activities they used to do. Once elected, what do they do? They do things irrelevant to the quality of articles, all because they think they are on a "higher" level than other "normal" users, even though this is not so. Before being elected, they work hard, real hard, cleaning up articles, adding new ones, things they cease to do once bestowed the title of "Administrator."

This is a threat. If you do not change and spread this word, I will personally make sure a virus is uploaded into one of the media files so that whoever opens it will get infected. Mark my words.

Think about it.

This is our only hope. Pugnavi 14:17, 20 July 2005 (UTC) (The foregoing was left as a comment on Kelly Martin's discussion page.) Kelly Martin 14:30, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pugnavi


text:
Talk:Term life insurance

Anonymous edits
Hello, you've added some things that should probably be covered, but you've also created a POV mess. Please read the neutral point of view policy. Buy term and invest the difference is a POV. Also for NPOV, Wikipedia should not give advice, like telling the consumer they should do anything. I'm strongly considering removing all the changes made and trying to discuss them all to see what should go back, but lets see if we can fix what is there now. - Taxman Talk 14:26, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * This whole page is basically flawed.

 * "However, on most cash value policies like Whole Life insurance, the only way to receive the cash value is to cash out the policy. The beneficiaries receive the face value of the insurance but NEVER the cash value with Whole Life policies. Financial advisers generally advise buying term life insurance and investing the difference elsewhere to those who still qualify to contribute to other tax-deferred investment growth such as IRA's or 401k's."

 * This is also wrong, on whole life policies, cash value builds up inside the policy, which then gets added onto the death benefit. If you had a 100,000 face amount death benefit and the cash value built up to 50,000 then the death benefit would be 150,000.  People need to research before they start posting.  A lot of people look to wikipedia for credible information but reading this whole page I realize that it's far from "credible"  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.187.105.133 (talk) 01:08, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * That's not true, either. Although some types of insurance do operate on the "face amount plus cash value" principle, whole life insurance doesn't.  The insurance payout under a whole-life policy is equal to the face amount, regardless of what cash value might have been accumulated at the time of death.  NewYorkActuary (talk) 15:46, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

Editor NewYorkActuary is correct. The general rule is that the cash surrender value is NOT added to the amount of the death benefit in a whole life insurance policy. This means that in most cases with whole life policies, if the face amount is $100,000 and the cash value is $50,000, the total payout upon death is going to be $100,000, not $150,000. Famspear (talk) 20:34, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

I agree: Policies may pay out Face or Face + Cash Value. The former is more standard for Whole Life. Kmaricq (talk) 03:55, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

Vagueness
"Insurance industry studies show that it is very unlikely that the death benefit will ever be paid on a term insurance policy. One study placed the percentage as low as 1% of policies paying a benefit."

This begs the question, "What study?" Could a source be provided please? -- Anonymous Wiki user

Guaranty of Future Insurability

One reason for a young person without a spouse or children to buy yearly renewable term is to guarantee future insurability so that the coverage is available at a reasonable price to protect dependents yet to be conceived. As people age, even young ones medical events happen e.g. high blood pressure, diabetes, HIV, physical trauma from accidents, etc. A recent quote from an american company with a Best's Superior rating offered 250,000 USD of coverage for an annual premium of 240 US dollars. This is a modest price to pay to guarantee that ones children will have a parent that is properly insured.I have used this system and found it worked very well. I am now 60 and as premiums grow ever higher I drop coverage, since I have limited need now for insurance as my children are grown up. I have recommended this strategy to them and in fact have taken out a modest amount of YRT on them with the view that I would give them the policies when they marry.Grove1 19:01, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality Disputed flag
Having just read through the article, I don't sense a POV. Do any others feel it is time the flag be removed? 2*6 03:22, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

No, I don't feel it should be removed yet. I don't understand why it dicusses permant insurance and the pay out likelyhood. I would like to see that section changed to include the fact that they use the same Mortality Tables.

 * I also sense no POV, particularly after I've gone through the whole thing with a fine toothed comb. For that matter, I don't think the "cleanup" tag may be necessary anymore, although it still needs sources. Balancer 04:34, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Addendum: If there are no objections, I'll remove them both after two weeks. This article has gone a very long way from the way it was in May. Balancer 04:39, 8 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm removing the tag, I see no POV problem here in the current article, and the last claim there was one was a month ago. Problem solved.  --Xyzzyplugh 16:29, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Buy term invest the difference is a POV that AL Williams came up with. I'd like to warn you that this article, being in Financial Services with MetLife, is very very flawed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.187.105.133 (talk • contribs)

The whole use of the term "permanent" insurance presents an inaccurate POV issue. This is used by the life insurance industry to disparage term insurance. It would be more accurate as well as neutral to use the term "cash value" insurance.

The point saying all permanent insurance will pay out eventually wrongly assumes that policy holders will hold their policy until death. A significant # of them lapse in one way or another before the death of the insured, thus they do NOT pay out. [I don't have the statistics but have seen some & they should be available from industry sources. The figure 40% sticks in my mind but not sure if that is right.]

In addition, many of the variable life products have language to the effect that even when the scheduled premiums are paid, the policy may still lapse if the cash value is not sufficient to keep it in force. That sounds even less permanent than term insurance which is at least guaranteed for the initial term & today can be guaranteed renewable to age 95! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.4.221.58 (talk) 02:32, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The same is true for term insurance - if you don't make your payments, your policy lapses.
 * 'Permanent insurance' is no more misleading than 'term insurance' in this respect, and 'cash value' does not convey the same meaning.
 * Renewing 'up to 95' means choosing the policy most geared towards a long renewal period, and 'many' term life policies would provide far less renewal options. I don't work in the industry yet, but I expect policies lapse, not always, but often, because the insured no longer wants it.
 * If McDonalds sold a burger called an Awesome Burger, and it had a Wikipedia page for some reason, Wikipedia would still call it an Awesome Burger with no dubious tag, even if it wasn't awesome. Can we please all just get on with our lives?Gred Sixteen (talk) 11:57, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Hmm, cash value has its own Wikipedia page. So does Permanent life insurance. Gred Sixteen (talk) 12:49, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Why not call it "Whole Life" to be consistent with the page on the topic? Kmaricq (talk) 04:07, 10 December 2015 (UTC) --

I just read a CNN article refuting the argument that whole life insurance is better than term. I think this article needs both pts of view and not just of the whole life insurance is better than term. I think both have its advantages and disadvantages. It is interesting that whole life gives 80% commissions to the broker/agent where term only gives 10%. I believe that this is worth noting when folks are looking at life insurance types and their financial planner or agent is pushing one over the other. anonymous Wikipedia user —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.138.245.144 (talk) 17:23, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You don't know what you're talking about, the commissions on term vs perm are barely relevant. If anyone knew anything about life insurance that's been posting or editing, or anything about the financial services industry this article would look totally different. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.187.105.133 (talk • contribs)

From an actuarial point of view, no type of life insurance is better or worse than any other type. They are just different ways of structuring probabilistic payouts and they all have a right price. The "best" life insurance is the one that matches an individuals needs. Kmaricq (talk) 03:52, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

Study
"Insurance industry studies show that it is very unlikely that the death benefit will ever be paid on a term insurance policy. One study placed the percentage as low as 1% of policies paying a benefit."

I am also interested in finding such a study. If such an one exists, however, it is likely that other types of 'Term' insurance were included, such as Credit insurance (the last page of many loans, where you pay a few dollars each payment so that your benificiaries don't have to pay the loan if you die. They are only on small loans of very short periods, and there are so many of them that it would skew the numbers dramatically.)  Without including all of those types of Term Insurance in the article (which would clutter it unnecessarily), and especially without a source, that statement should be removed. Ecawilson 13:10, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Dubious tag
I removed a dubious tag, because there was no talk about the tag here. Gred Sixteen (talk) 12:59, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Payout likelihood and cost difference
The 2nd and 3rd paragraph of this section are flawed. Cash value is not a form of self-insurance. It is the result of increasing mortality and level premiums. In order to keep premium level when mortality increases, the insured must overpay in early years and (relatively) underpay in later years. The cash value is the accumulation of this overpayment. By the time that the insured is 100% likely to die, the cash value should equal the face amount and will be paid out. Because of this, I doubt that the third paragraph can be true. As long as there is increasing mortality and level premiums, there will be cash values, and while term insurance has cash values small enough to be legally ignored (and therefore not exist from the consumer's perspective), a correctly priced whole life policy will always have cash value build up to face amount by the end. If others agree, I'm happy to edit the section Kmaricq (talk) 04:02, 10 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree that this section is flawed. But so is the entire article.  One big problem is its discussion of financial planning.  For what it's worth, I don't think Wikipedia should be in the business of giving financial advice.  And even if it was, it should be in an article devoted specifically to the use of life insurance in financial planning.  The instant article is not the place for it.  Another problem is its lack of a worldwide perspective (which is not separate from the first problem, because different jurisdictions call for different tax treatments and, hence, different approaches to the use of insurance).
 * When I first stumbled across this article a few weeks ago, I resolved to do a major overhaul to remove the financial-planning and tax discussions. What I have in mind is an article that gives separate discussion to group and individual term insurance, giving for each a basic description, a history of that form of insurance, and a discussion of common product features.  If you'd like to work together on this, I'll be happy to hear your thoughts.
 * Regarding your specific observations, you are quite right that the actuarial discussions is dead wrong. Whether the section would be improved with a technical discussion of reserves and cash values is debatable.  I'm of the opinion that actuarial niceties are not appropriate in a general discussion of term insurance and that the article would be improved by simply deleting the section in its entirety.  But perhaps you disagree.  If you do go ahead with your proposed re-write, I note that level premiums do not necessarily imply the existence of cash values, even for whole life insurance.  Level premiums create the need for a reserve liability to be held on the books of the issuer.  Whether or not any cash is available to the policyholder is a question of policy design (which, in turn, is heavily influenced by the laws of the particular jurisdiction in which the policy is issued).  It is quite possible to have a level-premium whole life policy that has no cash surrender values.  You don't see that in the U.S., because the Standard Nonforfeiture Law prohibits it.  But this is not true everywhere in the world.
 * I hope this was helpful. NewYorkActuary (talk) 20:04, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Term life insurance