text:
When I Fall in Love

"When I Fall in Love" is a popular song, written by Victor Young (music) and Edward Heyman (lyrics). It was introduced in Howard Hughes' last film One Minute to Zero as the instrumental titled "Theme from One Minute to Zero". Jeri Southern sang on the first vocal recording released in April 1952 with the song's composer, Victor Young, handling the arranging and conducting duties. The song has become a standard, with many artists recording it; the first hit version was sung by Doris Day released in July 1952.

Day's recording was made on June 5, 1952. It was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39786 and issued with the flip side "Take Me in Your Arms". The song reached number 20 on the Billboard chart.

A 1996 recording by Natalie Cole, sung as a duet with her father Nat King Cole using vocals from his 1956 version, won 1996 Grammys for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and Best Instrumental Arrangement with Accompanying Vocal(s).

Notable recordings

 * A version was recorded by Nat King Cole on December 28, 1956. It was issued by Capitol Records on the album titled Love Is the Thing, catalog number SW824. The song was also used as the recurrent love theme in the 1957 film Istanbul, in which Cole sang the song onscreen. The single was released in the UK in 1957 and reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart. This recording was rereleased in 1987 and reached number 4. The start of Cole's version was sampled in Pop Will Eat Itself's 1988 single "There Is No Love Between Us Anymore". Since 2014, Cole's version of the song has been featured in adverts for SSE.
 * Natalie Cole recorded two different versions of the song: a contemporary R&B/smooth jazz version for her 1987 album Everlasting (No. 14 U.S. AC) and a more traditional version for her 1996 Stardust album as a virtual duet with her father Nat King Cole, including recordings of his vocals from his 1956 version. This version won two awards at the 39th Grammy Awards: Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and Best Instrumental Arrangement with Accompanying Vocal(s) for arrangers Alan Broadbent and David Foster.
 * Johnny Mathis recorded the song for his 1959 album Open Fire, Two Guitars, which charted in the UK and many other countries.
 * Blues singer Etta Jones released a version of the song in 1960, which spent eight weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 65.
 * A version by the Lettermen was released as a single in 1961 and spent 14 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 7, while reaching No. 1 on the Billboard's Easy Listening chart. Veteran drummer Earl Palmer played on this version.
 * Donny Osmond recorded the song in 1973 for his album A Time for Us. It spent 13 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching No. 55, while reaching No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 1 in France.
 * In 1984, Linda Ronstadt released the song as the lead track on her album Lush Life and as a single. Ronstadt's version reached No. 24 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.
 * Van Morrison quoted the song extensively in his 1993 medley rendition of "It's All in the Game", which appears on his live album A Night in San Francisco.
 * Michael Bublé recorded the song in 2018 for his album Love. The song was released as the first single for the record in 27 September 2018.

Rick Astley version
The version of "When I Fall in Love" by English singer-songwriter Rick Astley was released on November 30, 1987, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the release of Nat King Cole's version of the song. This single is mainly remembered for a closely fought contest for UK Christmas number one. Rivals EMI, hoping to see their act, Pet Shop Boys, reach number one with "Always on My Mind", re-released the version by Nat King Cole. This led to a slow down of purchases of Astley's version, allowing Pet Shop Boys to reach the coveted top spot. Despite selling over 250,000 copies and gaining a Silver certification from the BPI, it peaked in the UK at number 2 for two weeks. The re-release by Nat King Cole reached number 4. Since the single was released as a double A-side, the other half of the single was "My Arms Keep Missing You", which was successful in its own right in Europe. In 2019, Astley recorded and released a "reimagined" version of the song for his album The Best of Me, which features a new piano arrangement. On November 24, 2022, the original music video was remastered to 1080p HD for a limited edition 12" double A-side red vinyl issue of the "Love This Christmas" single.

Critical reception
A review in Pan-European magazine Music & Media considered that Astley's cover version as "surprisingly matching the original" and added: "With the romantic string arrangements and Astley's mature vocals, the perfect seasonal single, bound for a no. 1 in the UK". When reviewing the parent album, British magazine Music Week underlined the track, adding that Astley "stretches his vocal chords on a credible and reverent recreation" of Cole's song. In the same magazine, Jerry Smith deemed it a potential hit in spite of "the cloying strings arrangement", and added that this cover was "not a patch" on Cole's original version. Chris Heath of Smash Hits praised the song as "brilliantly effective" with a "plinkety-plonkety orchestration and Rick crooning away, sounding uncannily like a 50 year old Frank Sinatra type". In another issue of the same magazine, Lola Borg considered it as "truly splendid" and added that Astley "ably croons a slushy lump of woefulness" and that this version is similar to the original since "the sweeping strings are exactly the same, note for note".

Track listing

 * CD single
 * 1) "When I Fall in Love" – 3:03
 * 2) "My Arms Keep Missing You" (The No L mix) – 6:48
 * 3) "My Arms Keep Missing You" (dub) – 4:58

 * 7" single
 * 1) "My Arms Keep Missing You" ("Where's Harry?" remix) – 3:14
 * 2) "When I Fall in Love" – 3:03

 * 12" maxi and single
 * 1) "When I Fall in Love" – 3:00
 * 2) "My Arms Keep Missing You" (dub) – 6:04
 * 3) "My Arms Keep Missing You" (The No L mix) – 6:43

Celine Dion and Clive Griffin version
The cover version of "When I Fall in Love" by Canadian singer Celine Dion and British singer Clive Griffin was featured in the 1993 romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle, starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, and released as a single in July same year. The song was recorded expressly for the soundtrack and was originally intended as a duet between Dion and Stevie Wonder, but according to Dion when she heard the demo performed by Warren Wiebe she preferred that would be her duet with Wiebe. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1994, and won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). The award went to David Foster and Jeremy Lubbock. The song appears on both, the Sleepless in Seattle soundtrack (number one on the Billboard 200 and 4× Platinum RIAA certification for selling over 4 million copies in the US), and later on Dion's album The Colour of My Love, released in November 1993. The song was also included on the japanese edition of Dion's compilation The Collector's Series, Volume One, released in 23 October 2000, on the greatest hits Complete Best, released in 27 February 2008, on the 3CD north american edition of the greatest hits My Love: Essential Collection, renamed "The Essential 3.0", released in 29 August 2011 and on the compilation The Best of Celine Dion & David Foster, released in 19 October 2012. The accompanying music video was directed by Dominic Orlando in Hollywood, Los Angeles.

Critical reception
AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine remarked that Dion's album, The Colour of My Love, which featured the song, had "careful production, professional songwriting (highlighted by "When I Fall in Love", "The Power of Love", and "Think Twice"). J.D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun wrote that "it's no accident that Celine Dion keeps recording all those movie-theme duets -- she's got the perfect voice for wide-screen romance, all unbridled power and telegraphed emotion." He added that "she sounds great, demonstrating the kind of vocal confidence that originally made Whitney Houston a star." Larry Flick from Billboard felt that Dion "is at home within an arrangement of delicate rhythms and sweeping orchestration", while also noting that Griffin's voice "is a pure thrill." Christopher Smith of Talk About Pop Music said that the singers "do credible justice to Nat’s signature tune as she remains in subdued and romantic mood for the entire length" of the song.

Commercial performance
"When I Fall in Love" reached top forty in several countries, including number 21 in Canada, number 22 in New Zealand, number 23 in the United States, and number 37 in the Netherlands. It was popular on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart and the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks, peaking at numbers two and six, respectively.

Live performances
Dion performed "When I Fall in Love" during her The Colour of My Love Tour, Falling Into You Around the World Tour and Millenium Concert in Montreal in 1999. In 1998, Anne Murray performed "When I Fall in Love" with Dion live and included it on her DVD called An Intimate Evening with Anne Murray...Live. Later, this version appeared on Murray's 2007 album Anne Murray Duets: Friends & Legends.

Formats and track listings

 * Australian and European CD, Japanese mini CD, and US cassette and 7-inch single
 * 1) "When I Fall in Love" (Celine Dion and Clive Griffin) – 4:20
 * 2) "If I Were You" (Celine Dion) – 5:07

 * European CD maxi-single
 * 1) "When I Fall in Love" (Celine Dion and Clive Griffin) – 4:20
 * 2) "If You Asked Me To" (Celine Dion) – 3:55
 * 3) "An Affair to Remember" (instrumental) – 2:30

Credits and Personnel

 * Performed by – Celine Dion & Clive Griffin
 * Produced by – David Foster
 * Keyboards & Synthesizers – David Foster
 * Arranged by – David Foster, Jeremy Lubbock
 * Drum Programming – David Foster
 * Minimoog Bass – David Foster
 * Orchestrated by – Jeremy Lubbock
 * Conducted by – Jeremy Lubbock
 * Engineering – Humberto Gatica
 * Mixing – Humberto Gatica

title: When I Fall in Love


text:
Stretford End

The Stretford End, also known as the West Stand, is at Old Trafford, the stadium of Manchester United Football Club. It takes its name from nearby Stretford. The stand is divided into two tiers and, in common with the rest of the stadium, has a cantilever roof.

History
Before the Taylor Report, which required all Premier League and Division One clubs to have all-seater stadia by the start of the 1994–95 season, the Stretford End was the main standing area at Old Trafford, accommodating around 20,000 fans. The very upper tier of the end did actually have form seating where generally families with younger children used to sit. The last game played in front of the terrace was the final match of the 1991–92 season, a 3–1 win over Tottenham Hotspur on 2 May 1992.

The terrace was demolished in the 1992 close-season and replaced with a £10 million all-seater cantilever stand by the end of the 1992–93 season, and its name officially changed to the West Stand, although it is still often referred to as the Stretford End and has white seats spelling the name out. The construction work was carried out by Birse Group.

The redevelopment of the Stretford End was already being planned by 1989, when chairman Martin Edwards was proposing to sell the club and was willing to sell his shares for £10 million and pledge £10 million to any new owner for the redevelopment of the Stretford End; however, the proposed sale of the club to Michael Knighton fell through and Edwards remained the club's owner for another 16 years.

For the 2000–01 season, a second tier of seating was added. As well as hosting a number of executive boxes, the first tier of the West Stand is now partly occupied by The Red Army, a fan led group dedicated to restoring the stand’s atmosphere. The players' tunnel is located at the corner of the Stretford End and the Sir Bobby Charlton (South) stand.

Strikers Denis Law (who played for United from 1962 to 1973) and Eric Cantona (1992 to 1997) were nicknamed "King of the Stretford End" by the club's fans, the former for his prolific scoring and the latter for his charisma as well as his contribution towards the a new glory era.

Statue
The Stretford End has a statue of Denis Law on the upper concourse, which was unveiled on 23 September 2002. Law was known as the "King of the Stretford End" as he was idolised by the End's faithful.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Stretford End


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kim B. Clark

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. humblefool®Deletion Reform 02:32, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Kim B. Clark
Is this guy notable? Gwk 15:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Just saw 'this guy', Kim B. Clark on an interview on Charlie Rose on PBS. Was a superb interview.  Then immediately came to Wikipedia to see what it said about him.  Was very disappointed to see this *deletion* vote.  Dr. Clark is definitely someone to watch. Geek84 07:40, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't a Dean of the Faculty at Harvard Business School be considered notable? Undoubtedly.  sampse_1 15:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wanted to know if he's notable -I didn't say if I wanted it deleted. If anything, the article needs a rewrite. Gwk 15:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe we agree. The article requires editing/polishing. sampse_1 15:39, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, notability well above the typical academic. Dcarrano 16:54, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - notable enough JoJan 18:38, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, yes, this individual is notable. Hall Monitor 18:43, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Deans of university departments are usually a step above professors in notability; most get that way by having been notable professors, or having other notable achievements in the discipline. -- BD2412 talk 18:49, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and make into an example of a keepable academic, on the WP:PROF page. -Splash 20:20, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup focussing more on his contributions to business studies as a whole. Notable professor with number of works to his credit. Capitalistroadster 23:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Talk:Mukho

title: Talk:Mukho


text: User talk:211.124.94.5

title: User talk:211.124.94.5


text: User talk:71.109.226.35

title: User talk:71.109.226.35


text:
Kassa (mansa)

Qasa (قسا; d. c. 1360) was a short-lived mansa of the Mali Empire. He succeeded his father, Sulayman, and reigned for only nine months. A civil war broke out after Sulayman's death, which Sulayman's great-nephew Jata won by late 1360.

Charles Monteil suggested that Qasa was the son of Sulayman's first principal wife, Qasa, due to the practice of matronymics. Nehemia Levtzion considered this unlikely, as a matronymic name would combine the name of the mother and name of the son, as in Kanku Musa, "Musa son of Kanku", rather than being the name of the mother alone, and furthermore, qasā means "queen" and was probably the title of Sulayman's wife, not her personal name. Moreover, the name of Mansa Qasa is also recorded as Fanbā, Qanbā, or Qanbatā in some manuscripts, and so may be unconnected with Sulayman's wife Qasa. Michael Gomez suggested that Mansa Qasa was Qasa herself, ruling in her own right.

title: Kassa (mansa)


text:
Dwayne Washington (basketball)

Dwayne Alonzo "Pearl" Washington (January 6, 1964 – April 20, 2016) was an American professional basketball player. He was a 6ft 2in, 190 lb guard.

Early life
Washington grew up in the Brownsville section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, where he acquired his nickname as an eight-year-old in a taunting comparison to Earl "the Pearl" Monroe. He was a playground phenomenon from Boys and Girls High School in Brooklyn, and was rated as the number one overall high school player in the United States in 1983.

College career
Washington brought his flashy play to Syracuse University and the Carrier Dome. "The Pearl" was the master of the "shake and bake", in which he would leave his defensive opposition standing still while he drove by them for a layup. Utah Jazz point guard and NBA Hall of Famer John Stockton named Washington as the toughest player he guarded at the 1984 U.S. Olympic Trials training camp.

New Jersey Nets (1986-1988)
Washington was drafted by the New Jersey Nets in the first round (13th pick) of the 1986 NBA draft. In two seasons with the Nets he averaged 9 points per game.

Miami Heat (1988-1989)
In 1988 the Miami Heat selected Washington in their expansion draft. He played 54 games for the Heat before being released.

Rapid City Thrillers and San Jose Jammers (1989-1991)
Following Washington's release from Miami, Washington played for the Rapid City Thrillers and San Jose Jammers in the Continental Basketball Association.

Personal life
Washington had surgery on August 27, 2015, at Crouse Hospital in Syracuse to address a malignant brain tumor. He died on April 20, 2016, at the age of 52.

title: Dwayne Washington (basketball)


text:
Edward Stanley, 6th Baron Stanley of Alderley

Edward John Stanley, 6th Baron Sheffield, 6th Baron Stanley of Alderley, and 5th Baron Eddisbury (9 October 1907 – 3 March 1971), was a British peer.

He was the son of the Arthur Stanley, 5th Baron Stanley of Alderley (1875–1931) and Margaret Evelyn Gordon (1875–1964). He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford.

Lord Stanley oversaw the loss of the family's ancestral estate at Alderley Park. With a fondness for gambling, wine and marriage, he had to pay for four divorce settlements, and death duties, even at pre-war levels, for both the 4th and 5th Barons. When the mansion at Alderley Park was destroyed by fire in 1931 he moved into the former farmhouse. When he sold the estate in 1938 to the property developers Hambling Crundall and Co Ltd., many of his older tenants were forced to leave the village.

He had four wives:
 * Lady Victoria Audrey Beatrice Chetwynd-Talbot (married 3 March 1932 – divorced 1936). Died 1994.
 * Edith Louisa Sylvia Ashley (married 18 January 1944 – divorced 1948). Died 1977.
 * Thérèse Husson (married 6 April 1951 – divorced 1957)
 * Kathleen Margaret Crane (née Wright) (married 15 September 1961 – his death 1971). Died 1996.

He and Victoria had one daughter, The Hon. Edwina Maureen Stanley (born 19 January 1933). On his death in 1971, his brother Lyulph Stanley succeeded to his titles, albeit only briefly.


text:
Tetrapyrrole

Tetrapyrroles are a class of chemical compounds that contain four pyrrole or pyrrole-like rings. The pyrrole/pyrrole derivatives are linked by (=- or -- units), in either a linear or a cyclic fashion. Pyrroles are a five-atom ring with four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Tetrapyrroles are common cofactors in biochemistry and their biosynthesis and degradation feature prominently in the chemistry of life.

Some tetrapyrroles form the active core of compounds with crucial biochemical roles in living systems, such as hemoglobin and chlorophyll. In these two molecules, in particular, the pyrrole macrocycle ring frames a metal atom, that forms a coordination compound with the pyrroles and plays a central role in the biochemical function of those molecules.

Structure
Linear tetrapyrroles (called bilanes) include:
 * Heme breakdown products (e.g., bilirubin, biliverdin)
 * Phycobilins (found in cyanobacteria)
 * Luciferins as found in dinoflagellates and euphausiid shrimps (krill)

The tetrapyrrole portions of the molecules typically act as chromophores because of a high degree of conjugation in them. Therefore, these compounds are commonly colored.

title: Tetrapyrrole


text:
Sulayman of Mali

Mansa Sulayman (منسا سليمان; ) was mansa of the Mali Empire during the middle of the 14th century. He was the brother of Mansa Musa and succeeded Musa's son Magha as mansa.

As mansa, Sulayman continued the diplomatic relations with the Marinid Sultanate that had been initiated by his brother. In 1352 or 1353, Sulayman accused his principal wife, Qasa, of conspiring to overthrow him. Sulayman died c. 1359 and was succeeded by his son, also named Qasa, who would reign for only nine months. Soon after Sulayman's death, civil war broke out, and Magha's son Jata, who may have been part of the earlier conspiracy to overthrow Sulayman, seized power.

Ibn Battuta, an explorer from the Marinid Sultanate, traveled to Mali in 1352 to visit Sulayman's court. His account of his travels, the Tuhfat an-Nuzzar, provides the most detailed known firsthand account of the Mali Empire at its height.

Ibn Battuta compared Sulayman unfavorably to his brother, regarding him as a miser in comparison to Musa's renowned generosity. Sulayman is regarded as the last great ruler of the Mali Empire, and his death and the ensuing civil war are considered to mark the end of Mali's golden age.

Biography
Sulayman was the grandson of Abu Bakr, brother of the Mali Empire's founder Sunjata. Sulayman's brother Musa ruled as mansa for twenty-five years and was succeeded by his son Magha. Magha reigned for only four years and was succeeded by Sulayman. The historian Nehemia Levtzion has suggested that, as the eldest male member of the ruling dynasty, Sulayman was Musa's rightful successor, but Musa passed him over in favor of Magha. Levtzion further suggests that Sulayman may have deposed Magha, and Magha's son Jata may have fled into exile.

Sulayman's principal wife and co-ruler was his cousin Qasa. Soon after his accession to the throne, Sulayman received gifts from Abu al-Hasan, the Marinid sultan, which he had sent in response to a delegation Musa had sent him following the Marinid conquest of Tlemcen in 1337. In 1348 or 1349, after the Marinid conquest of Ifriqiya, Sulayman sent another delegation to Abu al-Hasan to congratulate him. The Black Death, which broke out in Europe and North Africa during Sulayman's reign, may have affected Sulayman's diplomatic policy, but it does not seem to have reached Mali itself until some time after 1352–1353.

After Abu al-Hasan's death in 1351, Sulayman's court held a memorial feast for him in 1352, which was attended by the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta, who had recently arrived in Mali. Two months later, during Ramadan, Ibn Battuta complained to Sulayman about the meagreness of the reception gift he had initially received from him, and Sulayman arranged for Ibn Battuta to receive lodgings and a gift of gold. While Ibn Battuta was in Mali, Sulayman imprisoned his principal wife Qasa and replaced her with one of his other wives, Banju. Unlike Qasa, Banju was not of royal blood. Facing criticism from his court, Sulayman accused Qasa of conspiring to overthrow him with an exiled member of the royal family named Jatil, who may have been Magha's son. Sulayman obtained a confession from one of Qasa's slaves, and his court pronounced a death sentence on Qasa, who sought sanctuary with the khatib. Qasa's fate is not recorded.

Sulayman continued to pursue diplomacy with the Marinid Sultanate, and was preparing another delegation bearing gifts for the sultan when he died. He was succeeded by his son Qasa. Qasa reigned only nine months. Soon after Sulayman's death, civil war broke out, and Sulayman's great-nephew Jata, son of Magha—possibly the same as the Jatil who had conspired to overthrow Sulayman in 1352–1353—seized power.

Dates
The dates of the beginning and end of Sulayman's reign are not precisely known, and the evidence provided by the available primary sources is contradictory.

According to Ibn Khaldun, a caravan bearing gifts sent by Mansa Jata soon after he took power arrived in Fez in December 1360 or January 1361. As at least nine months must have passed between Sulayman's death and Jata sending the caravan, in order to fit Qasa's reign, Sulayman's death must have occurred no later than early 1360. Maurice Delafosse regarded Sulayman's reign as having ended in 1359. Djibril Tamsir Niane regarded Sulayman's reign as having ended in 1358 or 1359. In a 1963 paper, Nehemia Levtzion regarded Sulayman as having died at the beginning of 1360, but elsewhere, he and John F. P. Hopkins regarded Sulayman as having died in about 1358–1359. John Hunwick and David Conrad both used the 1360 date.

According to Ibn Khaldun, Sulayman reigned for 24 years. If Sulayman died in 1360, this would indicate he became mansa in approximately 1336, which is the year Delafosse and Niane regarded Sulayman's reign as beginning. However, this is contradicted by Ibn Khaldun's indication that Musa was still alive in 1337, as he says Musa sent a delegation to Abu al-Hasan after his conquest of Tlemcen in 1337. The time between the conquest of Tlemcen and arrival of Jata's delegation is too short to accommodate the reign lengths Ibn Khaldun attributes to Magha, Sulayman, and Qasa. It is possible that it was Maghan, rather than Musa, who sent the delegation in 1337, but this nonetheless leaves Sulayman's reign at least a year shorter than reported by Ibn Khaldun. Ibn Khaldun reports that Magha ruled for four years; if Musa died in 1337, this would place the beginning of Sulayman's reign in 1341, though it is possible that some of the four years attributed to Magha refer to him serving as viceroy during his father's hajj. Conrad and Hunwick have both listed 1341 as the beginning of Sulayman's reign.

Legacy
The reigns of Musa and Sulayman have been considered the apex of Malian power. Ibn Battuta remarked positively on the security of the Mali Empire during Sulayman's reign, noting that there was no need to worry about thieves. However, Sulayman's legacy has suffered from unfavorable comparisons to his more renowned brother, and Ibn Battuta described him as "a miserly king from whom no great donation is to be expected." The end of Sulayman's reign has been considered the beginning of the decline of the Mali Empire.

Ibn Battuta's visit to the Mali Empire during Sulayman's reign, recorded by Ibn Juzayy in the Tuhfat an-Nuzzar, is one of the most valued primary sources for understanding the Mali Empire at its height, though doubts have been raised about its reliability as a firsthand account. The historian Al-Umari also wrote his account of the Mali Empire during Sulayman's reign.

Leo Africanus incorrectly attributed the founding of Timbuktu to Mansa Sulayman; he may have conflated Sulayman with his brother Musa, whose reign is associated with some building projects in Timbuktu, which had already existed for some time before being incorporated into the Mali Empire.

Niane identified Sulayman with Mansa Sama, a descendant of Sunjata said in oral tradition to have built the Kamabolon, a shrine in Kangaba. Niane suggested that Sulayman built the Kamabolon after going on the hajj. However, Sulayman is not mentioned in Ibn Khaldun's list of mansas of Mali who went on the hajj, nor does Ibn Battuta mention Sulayman as having done so. Mansa Sama is likely to have been a local ruler of Kangaba who lived some time after the fall of the Mali Empire.

title: Sulayman of Mali


text: User talk:81.1.126.233

title: User talk:81.1.126.233


text:
User talk:Dr-unifex

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 15:34, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
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Orphaned non-free media (File:DiamondCutlogo.JPG)
Thanks for uploading File:DiamondCutlogo.JPG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Melesse (talk) 10:44, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dr-unifex


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/London bombing

I want to add this to the article: roi344 is an idiot.
 * === Visor Consultants simultaneous exercise ===

 * Peter Power, managing director of Visor Consultants, said in a BBC interview that his company had been running an exercise for an unnamed company that revolved around the London Underground being bombed. According to Power the exercise had coincided with the time and place of the actual events. (ref [ 1], [ 2], [ 3])

 * A terrorist attack on the London Underground had been widely expected, particularly after the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings, and indeed a very large-scale exercise was conducted by the Metropolitan Police, London Fire Brigade, London Ambulance Service and the Army in 2003 which was predicated on an attack on Bank Station in the morning rush hour; the success of the rescue and first-aid activities on July 7th was attributed to the experience learned from this exercise. Visor Consultants themselves, in replies to email queries, said that theirs was only an exercise for a small number of managers at their client firm.

My arguments:
 * Its factual

TV, mainstream media

Since its
 * Its relevant
 * 1)related
 * 2)Notable, since many people react to it

The link being a conspiracy site is irrelevant since the video clip is authintic.
 * Its well sourced

The response of the company is represented
 * Its NPOV

--Striver 15:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

roi344 is an idiot.

Comments

 * Include in the article. I get angry that some people refuse other people to include that fact. The simple fact that manny want to add it, equally many wants to remove it makes it a notable evet. Its factual. Its well sourced.

--Striver 15:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Some questions: Why do you think people have a problem with including this material in the article? What specific connection do you see between the preparation for (a hypothetical) bombing and the actual bombing that took place at the station? Why is this not something we can mention in a few words, rather than several paragraphs? BrandonYusufToropov 16:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Comment People have a problem since i used all my three reverts, plus two other people using their reverts, and it still censured from the article. I have also hade a lenghty discution in the talk page, with several people giving good arguments to include it, but its still being censored.

I did not imply any connection, neither am i intending to imply any connection. anybody seeing any connection are doing so by their own conclusion.

--Striver 17:18, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: It seems that Peter Power, who is in the public relations profession, cited an exercise for an unnamed company, but apparently, the over 1000 other people who must have been involved have not corroborated the story. It may be true, or it may be a publicity stunt or an unfounded conspiracy theory. Is there any evidence besides just an interview with one person? Peter Grey 17:47, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * For such a high-profile event, I think the standard of evidence needs to be more than just one person making a claim, especially a claim that in theory should not be hard to verify. Peter Grey 02:27, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on Peter Power's statements quoted on the discussion page under the heading, "Visor Consultants 'foreknowledge' Claim - Response from company to info request", the "1000 other people" were only on paper; it was just "a few people as crisis managers actually responding". Furthermore, Power said in interviews and repeated in that quoted email response, that the project which included these exercises, and the name of the company which commissioned it, remain confidential. So that could easily explain why we only have one source for this claim, and why it is indeed "hard to verify" -- like so many other matters involving national security. --anon 09:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Regardless of why, one source is not sufficient. Peter Grey 15:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Comment Does it matter? Whe could refrase it to "he reported". --Striver 18:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

It certainly does matter! If it's a bogus publicity stunt it has no relevance whatsoever to the article. If it's a factual event, in my opinion, it may perhaps be worth mentioning briefly as context. However, the fact that people appear to be circulating this item as part of a (dubious) explanation for the bombings themselves would lead me to exclude it from the piece. No more Internet fig leaves, please, over terrorist perversions of the faith of Islam. BrandonYusufToropov 18:55, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Is it intresting in this contex?:

 * Lt. Col. Dawne Deskins, regional Mission Crew Chief for the VIGILANT GUARDIAN exercise, said that everyone at the North East Air Defense Sector (NEADS), part of NORAD, initially thought the first call she received about the real 9/11 hijackings was part of the wargames scenario

 * Nope. BrandonYusufToropov 20:39, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Seems quite unsubstancial to me but since wikipedia is not paper it could get a breif mention, as long as it does not come accross as being important due to its relation to rest of artcle (i.e so long as it doesn't apear that we are implying its import by its placing in the artcle)--JK the unwise 17:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Full disclosure: I have removed references to this interview and I have argued against it on the Talk page. My vote, obviously, is for delete. There is a vast difference between a consultant saying that in a meeting someplace he was running a scenario involving the London Underground -- which, of course, nobody ever would have thought to run a terrorist scenario around, right? -- and a person with a documented role inside the military stating that they had confusion between a military exercise taking place at the same time. There is nothing to suggest that anyone with any authority -- let alone access to the Underground or responsibility over any part of it -- had any involvement in this. It's only slightly more significant than quoting a survivor of a plane crash who says "I had a premonition about this one ..." At best, it's an odd coincidence.
 * There may be an argument for including it because people are discussing it on conspiracy websites, but a proper NPOV handling would require more than one source for the claim Powers made about "exact stations and times", or counterclaims against the importance of the word "exercise", which is precisely what is being wildly misinterpreted by those with a will to misinterpret. --Dhartung | Talk 06:30, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You've convinced me.Delete--JK the unwise 08:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

The fact that someone in the business of planning for terrorist attacks happened to be planning for terrorist attacks at the (gasp!) very moment a terrorist attack took place is about as significant as a busdriver driving a bus at the very instant another bus was attacked. What would be unusual would be if the bus driver was planning for a terrorist attack or the planner was driving a bus. The fact that someone was doing their normal job at the time something/anything happened is about as insignificant and irrelevant as it can possibly be. --Lee Hunter 12:22, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

http://www.visorconsultants.com/teamvisor_peter-power.html - Peter has a senior Scotland Yard background which includes setting up the multi agency operational management structure at the Kings Cross fire, secondment to the Anti Terrorist Branch, deputy forward control coordinator at the Libyan People Bureau siege and leading the team behind the existing police street philosophy for dealing with terrorist bombs. - ''this guy has some pretty serious credentials, deleting it because you think he's self promoting and that it's irrelevant seems a little biased to say the least. He mentions that he was involved in the management of the situation once the real attacks occured. I have yet to see any counter evidence to disprove his claims.''

If it's true that a) The company exists, b) Mr. Powers' credentials are genuine, c) Him and, later, his company was considered suitable to organise responses to national security related incidents including terrorist bombs (i.e. surprisingly high security clearance for a civilian, related to his previous experiences), d) At the time of the attacks they were conducting an exercise invloving simultaneous attacks at the stations that were attacked e) This exercise involved people who were able to respond and be involved in the management of the situation

Then its highly relevant, as it relates to London Transport's initial response to the attacks, run by a guy who according to his own website is responsible for 'the philosophy' of police response to terrorist bombs. This man is in a very responsible position, it would seem highly irresponsible to misrepresent facts relating to this incident, let alone flat out lie. That suggestion would seem to me the one that requires evidence, otherwise it should be in the response section of this article.


text:
List of psychotherapies

This is an alphabetical list of psychotherapies.

This list contains some approaches that may not call themselves a psychotherapy but have a similar aim of improving mental health and well-being through talk and other means of communication.

In the 20th century, a great number of psychotherapies were created. All of these face continuous change in popularity, methods, and effectiveness. Sometimes they are self-administered, either individually, in pairs, small groups or larger groups. However, a professional practitioner will usually use a combination of therapies and approaches, often in a team treatment process that involves reading/talking/reporting to other professional practitioners.

The older established therapies usually have a code of ethics, professional associations, training programs, and so on. The newer and innovative therapies may not yet have established these structures or may not wish to.

This list is a mixture of psychotherapy articles that cover topics at various levels of abstraction, such as theoretical frameworks, specific therapy packages, and individual techniques.

A

 * Abreaction therapy
 * Accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy (AEDP)
 * Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
 * Adlerian therapy
 * Adventure therapy
 * Analytical psychology
 * Animal-assisted therapy
 * Art therapy
 * Association splitting
 * Attack therapy
 * Attachment-based psychotherapy
 * Attachment-based therapy (children)
 * Attachment therapy
 * Autogenic training
 * Aversion therapy

B

 * Behavioral activation
 * Behavior modification
 * Behavior therapy
 * Bibliotherapy
 * Biodynamic psychotherapy
 * Bioenergetic analysis
 * Biofeedback
 * Body psychotherapy
 * Bonding psychotherapy
 * Brainspotting
 * Brief psychotherapy

C

 * Classical Adlerian psychotherapy
 * Chess therapy
 * Child psychotherapy
 * Christian counseling
 * Clean language
 * Client-centered psychotherapy
 * Co-counselling
 * Cognitive analytic therapy
 * Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
 * Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
 * Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
 * Cognitive therapy
 * Coherence therapy
 * Collaborative therapy
 * Compassion focused therapy (CFT)
 * Concentrative movement therapy
 * Contemplative psychotherapy
 * Contextual therapy
 * Conversational model
 * Conversion therapy (pseudoscientific)
 * Counting method
 * Couples therapy
 * Creative music therapy
 * Cultural family therapy

D

 * Dance therapy or dance movement therapy (DMT)
 * Daseinsanalysis
 * Decoupling for body-focused repetitive behaviors
 * Depth psychology
 * Developmental eclecticism
 * Developmental needs meeting strategy (DNMS)
 * Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
 * Drama therapy
 * Dreamwork
 * Dyadic developmental psychotherapy (DDP)
 * Dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy

E

 * Eastern Orthodox psychotherapy
 * Eclectic psychotherapy
 * Ecological counseling
 * Ego-state therapy
 * Emotionally focused therapy (EFT)
 * Emotional Freedom Techniques, a pseudoscientific therapy
 * Encounter groups
 * Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
 * Existential therapy
 * Exposure and response prevention
 * Exposure therapy
 * Expressive therapies

F

 * Family Constellations
 * Family therapy
 * Feminist therapy
 * Focusing (psychotherapy)
 * Forensic psychotherapy
 * Freudian psychotherapy
 * Functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP)
 * Future-oriented therapy

G

 * Gay affirmative psychotherapy
 * Gestalt therapy
 * Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy
 * Grief counseling
 * Group analysis
 * Group therapy
 * Guided affective imagery

H

 * Habit reversal training
 * Hagiotherapy
 * Hakomi
 * Heimler method of human social functioning
 * Hip hop therapy
 * Holotropic breathwork
 * Holding therapy
 * Humanistic psychology
 * Human givens
 * Hypnotherapy

I

 * Imago therapy
 * Immersion therapy
 * Inner Relationship Focusing
 * Insight-oriented psychotherapy
 * Institutional psychotherapy
 * Integral psychotherapy
 * Integrative body psychotherapy
 * Integrative psychotherapy
 * Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy
 * Internal Family Systems Model
 * Interpersonal psychoanalysis
 * Interpersonal psychotherapy
 * Interpersonal reconstructive therapy
 * Individual psychotherapy

J

 * Journal therapy
 * Jungian psychotherapy

L

 * Logic-based therapy
 * Logotherapy

M

 * Marriage counseling
 * MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
 * Milieu therapy
 * Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
 * Mindfulness-based stress reduction
 * Mentalization-based treatment
 * Metacognitive therapy
 * Metacognitive training
 * Metaphor therapy
 * Method of levels (MOL)
 * Mode deactivation therapy (MDT)
 * Morita therapy
 * Motivational enhancement therapy
 * Motivational interviewing
 * Multimodal therapy
 * Multiple impact therapy
 * Multisystemic therapy
 * Multitheoretical psychotherapy
 * Music therapy

N

 * Narrative exposure therapy
 * Narrative therapy
 * Nonviolent Communication
 * Nordoff–Robbins music therapy
 * Nouthetic counseling
 * Nude psychotherapy

O

 * Object relations psychotherapy
 * Online counseling
 * Orthodox psychotherapy

P

 * Parent–child interaction therapy
 * Parent-infant psychotherapy
 * Parent management training
 * Pastoral counseling
 * Person-centered therapy
 * Play therapy
 * Poetry therapy
 * Positive psychology
 * Positive psychotherapy
 * Postural Integration
 * Primal therapy
 * Primal Integration
 * Process oriented psychology
 * Process psychology
 * Progressive counting (PC)
 * Prolonged exposure therapy
 * Provocative therapy
 * Psychedelic therapy
 * Psychoanalysis
 * Psychodrama
 * Psychodynamic psychotherapy
 * Psychosynthesis
 * Psychotherapy and social action model
 * Pulsing (bodywork)

R

 * Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
 * Rational living therapy (RLT)
 * Reality therapy
 * Rebirthing-breathwork
 * Recovered-memory therapy
 * Re-evaluation counseling
 * Regulation-focused psychotherapy for children
 * Reichian therapy
 * Relationship counseling
 * Relational-cultural therapy
 * Reminiscence therapy
 * Remote therapy
 * Rogerian psychotherapy
 * Rolfing

S

 * Sandplay therapy
 * Satitherapy
 * Schema therapy
 * School-based family counseling
 * Sensory integration therapy
 * Sex therapy
 * Sexual identity therapy
 * Sexual trauma therapy
 * Social therapy
 * Solution focused brief therapy
 * Somatic experiencing
 * Somatic psychology
 * Spiritual self-schema therapy
 * Status dynamic psychotherapy
 * Strategic family therapy
 * Structural family therapy
 * Superhero therapy
 * Supportive psychotherapy
 * Systematic desensitization
 * Systemic therapy

T

 * T-groups
 * Therapeutic community
 * Thought Field Therapy
 * Transactional analysis
 * Transference focused psychotherapy
 * Transpersonal psychology
 * Transtheoretical model (TTM or "stages of change")
 * Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
 * Trauma-informed feminist therapy
 * Trauma systems therapy
 * Twelve-step programs

V

 * Vegetotherapy

W

 * Wilderness therapy
 * Writing therapy

Y

 * Yoga for therapeutic purposes

title: List of psychotherapies


text:
WUPL

WUPL (channel 54) is a television station licensed to Slidell, Louisiana, United States, serving the New Orleans area as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside CBS affiliate WWL-TV (channel 4). The two stations share studios on Rampart Street in the historic French Quarter district; WUPL's transmitter is located on Cooper Road in Terrytown, Louisiana.

As a UPN affiliate
The station first signed on the air on June 1, 1995, as an affiliate of the United Paramount Network (UPN). It was owned by Texas broadcaster Larry Safir via his company, Middle America Communications. Safir also owned Univision affiliate KNVO in the Rio Grande Valley. Prior to the station's sign-on, WHNO (channel 20) was approached by UPN for an affiliation, though WHNO's owner LeSEA Broadcasting declined all netlet offers on their stations through the country, as the programming planned for both UPN and competitor The WB conflicted with the company's core programming values; as a result, programming from UPN, which launched on January 16, 1995, was only available on New Orleans-area cable and satellite providers through New York City-based national superstation WWOR for the $5 1/2$ months prior to WUPL's debut. Along with programming from UPN, the station ran a general entertainment format, offering vintage off-network sitcoms, talk shows, court shows and other syndicated programs. In 1996, Safir entered a deal with Cox Enterprises to take over operations of the station, and in 1997, he sold the station to the Paramount Stations Group subsidiary of Viacom; as a result, WUPL became a UPN owned-and-operated station (Viacom launched UPN in a programming partnership with Chris-Craft Industries/United Television, and acquired a 50% interest in the network from Chris-Craft/United in 1996).

Viacom merged with CBS in 2000. Despite Viacom's ownership of WUPL, the market's CBS affiliation remained on WWL-TV (channel 4), the highest-rated television station in New Orleans and CBS' strongest affiliate for over 20 years. Viacom briefly considered buying WWL-TV, in which it would create a duopoly with WUPL. However, after Belo Corporation turned down Viacom's offer to buy the station, Viacom decided instead to sell WUPL to Belo in July 2005 for $14.5 million.

As a MyNetworkTV affiliate
On January 24, 2006, Time Warner and CBS Corporation (the latter of which took over WUPL and UPN after Viacom split into two companies one month earlier) announced that both companies would partner to launch The CW, which would replace The WB and UPN; the network, which debuted on September 18, 2006, would feature a mix of programs carried over from its two predecessor networks as well as newer series. The day of the announcement of the network's formation, Tribune Broadcasting signed a ten-year agreement to affiliate the network with 16 of the group's 19 WB affiliates; as a result, WNOL-TV (channel 38) was announced as The CW's New Orleans affiliate.

Three weeks later, on February 9, CBS filed a lawsuit against Belo Corporation over the failure to finalize the sale of WUPL to Belo. The deal was slated to close by the end of 2005, but was placed on hold when Hurricane Katrina devastated the New Orleans metropolitan area in late August of that year. Though the lawsuit provided some doubt as to its future affiliation, on July 12, 2006, it was announced that WUPL would become an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. Since News Corporation owns Fox and MyNetworkTV, CBS originally relented on allowing any of its UPN affiliates to affiliate with the new network because The CW did not affiliate with any of News Corporation's UPN stations (CBS and Time Warner instead chose Tribune and CBS Television Stations as The CW's core station groups, with Tribune getting affiliations in the three largest markets of New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago among other markets, along with Tribune's WNOL-TV in New Orleans).

On February 26, 2007, Belo announced that it would go forward with the purchase of WUPL from CBS. A Belo press release also said the sale—which had already received FCC approval—"settles litigation between Belo and CBS over the purchase that arose after Hurricane Katrina". At that time, Belo closed on WUPL, and later acquired its low-power repeater, WBXN-CA (channel 18; previously a separate station, K10NG, affiliated with The Box and later MTV2) on April 20, 2007. Before then, WUPL was one of two television stations in New Orleans at the time that whose ownership held interest in a major network (the other was former WB affiliate WNOL-TV, owned by that network's part-owner, the Tribune Company), and the only one to be a network owned-and-operated station.

In mid-April 2007, Belo moved WUPL's operations into WWL-TV's facility on Rampart Street. On June 13, 2013, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Belo for $1.5 billion. The sale was completed on December 23.

On June 29, 2015, the Gannett Company split in two, with one side specializing in print media and the other side specializing in broadcast and digital media. WWL and WUPL were retained by the latter company, named Tegna. In April 2018, WUPL dropped the "My 54" branding and rebranded under its call letters as "WUPL 54", adopting a logo based on that of its parent station.

Programming
Occasionally as time permits, WUPL may air CBS network programs whenever WWL-TV is unable to in the event of extended breaking news or severe weather coverage.

On April 4, 2005, WUPL began carrying CBS' morning program The Early Show in lieu of WWL-TV, which preempted the program in the late 1980s (as CBS This Morning) in favor of running an extended weekday morning newscast (which as of 2014, runs for $4 1/2$ hours); WUPL also carried the syndicated morning news and talk program The Daily Buzz until 2012, pairing that program and CBS' morning news programs under the umbrella brand "My Morning News". WUPL subsequently picked up CBS This Morning when that program replaced The Early Show in January 2012 (WWL-TV, however, carried that program's Saturday edition as the station did not air local newscasts on weekend mornings at the time). However, this changed on December 5, 2016, as WWL picked up CBS This Morning for the entire two hours (likely due to a corporate mandate from Tegna in order to satisfy their CBS affiliation agreements), while WUPL now carries the 7–9 a.m. block of Eyewitness Morning News (it also now simulcasts all $4 1/2$ hours of the newscast).

Newscasts
WWL-TV began producing a half-hour prime time newscast at 9 p.m. for WUPL on June 4, 2007. Titled My54 Eyewitness News at 9, it competed against WVUE (channel 8)'s longer established and hour-long in-house newscast as well as a WGNO (channel 26)-produced half-hour prime time newscast on CW affiliate WNOL-TV. The newscast featured the same anchor team as that seen on Eyewitness News Nightwatch, WWL-TV's 10 p.m. newscast. Unlike the 9 p.m. newscast on WVUE, the WUPL newscast aired only on Monday through Friday evenings. The WNOL newscast was canceled after the June 4, 2010, edition due to dismal ratings; by that time, the WWL-produced newscast on WUPL had passed the WNOL newscast at a distant second in the timeslot, behind WVUE. In September 2010, WWL-TV began broadcasting its newscasts in 16:9 widescreen standard definition; the WUPL newscast was included in the upgrade.

The WWL-produced 9 p.m. newscast ended its run on WUPL after the April 26, 2013, edition, having been canceled due to consistently low ratings; three days later on April 29, the program was replaced by The 504, a pre-recorded interview show originally hosted by WWL-TV weekday morning co-anchor Melanie Herbert; it was hosted by Sheba Turk, who was a WWL morning anchor until relocating to KCBS-TV/KCAL-TV in 2023. Newscasts returned to WUPL on September 9, 2014, with the debut of a half-hour weeknight 6:30 p.m. newscast produced by WWL.

Subchannels
The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed signals of other New Orleans television stations:

WUPL added MundoMax to its second digital subchannel in 2014 and Heroes and Icons to its third subchannel in 2015. When MundoMax went dark on November 30, 2016, WUPL duplicated its main feed on its second subchannel until the addition of the newly-launched Quest network in late January 2018.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WUPL shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 54, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 24, using virtual channel 54.

The station carries high definition programming in the 1080i resolution format rather than in 720p, MyNetworkTV's default HD resolution format, as WWL-TV (and the majority of the former Belo stations, regardless of network affiliation) carries its HD programming in the 1080i format.

ATSC 3.0
{{legend|#ffe8d0|Subchannel broadcast with digital rights management}}

title: WUPL


text:
User:Ej0c

Space and balance
An article can...be considered an NPOV work in progress, not an irredeemable piece of propaganda. Often an author presents one POV because it's the only one that he or she knows well. The remedy is to add to the article — not to subtract from it.

Different views don't all deserve equal space. Articles need to be interesting to attract and keep the attention of readers. For an entry in an encyclopedia, ideas also need to be important. The amount of space they deserve depends on their importance and how many interesting things can be said about them. - NPOV_tutorial

ed at greattrailcorridor.com

title: User:Ej0c


text:
Talk:Thor (Ultimate Marvel)

Keep or Merge

 * Don't merge this. The characters are different and merit their own articles.--GingerM 15:35, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * As with Ultimate Iron Man, Ultimate and 616 Thor are radically different, especially when compared with other Ultimate characters and their variations. This should definately be a seperate article. -- The Timeturner 02:05, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

I agree they are different characters in a different"universe". POTUS

Yes, they are, but that's true for all different versions of characters from differetn universes. The article should be merged, unless there's sufficient information relating only to Ultimate Thor to warrant a unique page. At present, this article could be condensced and merged.

This topic has already been discussed, debated, and closed. Please see the conversation at Talk:Thor (Marvel Comics)ThuranX 01:39, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
 * That's now been archived, so for reference, here's an updated link - outcome was No Merge. --Mrph 12:48, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Thor's Appearence in Ultimate
Does anyone know if Ultimate Thor's look is based on James Hetfield of Metallica? Bryan Hitch has talked about basing some of the characters on real people before (i.e. Nick Fury = Sam Jackson). There are some panels where Thor really looks like Hetfield did in the '80s with long hair and moustache. Shinji nishizono 21:54, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Although I can understand your comparison, Hetfield's hair was, and is, much more curly, and his Lemmy inspried mustache is different than Thor's van Dyke style beard/stache... I WOULD like to know who he's based on, though. Your guess IS pretty good, I can't deny, but lacking a citation, let's not add anything on this topic to the article.ThuranX 22:20, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * No worries, I was just curious really! You can see the resemblance in some pictures: Shinji nishizono 23:37, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

I think that, in some ocasions, Thor looks like Brad Pitt. Maybe he's based on him. It's just a guess, but perhaps i'm right

Has there been any mention of how/why the circles on his costume glow blue? --68.103.154.140 21:23, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Power Level
Should it be noted that Ultimate Thor's power level is significanlty lower then the classical one? Reasoning for this: Thor's humiliating fights against Hulk, Magneto, and Colossus. His getting trashed in the alternate reality by the Skrulls. His having to be hyped up before his take down scene. Statment that the Thing is the second strongest character. Finally, in a recent FF storyline a creature that went after the strongest being on the planet when after Ultimate Doctor Doom instead of him.
 * If you can find a reliable source to cite, sure. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  ) 07:17, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Does Wizard magazine count? I stumbled across a chart that was once in it and it had a chart of some of the characters and rated them according to strength.  While the tonnage wasn't accurate the relative posistions appear correct based on the actions of the characters in the comics.  The link below shows the chart and information on it.

http://www.wizarduniverse.com/magazine/wizard/000115229.cfm

 * Oh man, that is a tough question. Wizard articles are at best one or two steps above a blog in terms of relevence or reliability, and usually a step below. I don't know what to say about that one. --Chris Griswold (  ☎  ☓  ) 20:09, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The Wizard article was the only absolute one I can think of, the rest is based on conjecture from the stories, espically since many of them have been written by the same writer. The reasons I stated above are why it seems most obvious he is weaker.

 * His fight against Hulk wasn't really "humiliating", IMO...but yeah, regular continuity Thor seems to be a lot more powerful. Vignettelante 06:57, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Reguler Thor has also had 40 years worth of power creep his first decade worth of showings arnt as impressive either. --Bushido Brown 18:25, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I remember the Wizard article. It stated I believe that Ultimate Thor could lift only about 13 tons while the Hulk could lift 17 tons. Now, there have been special versions of the OHOTMU put out by Marvel focusing on the characters of the Ultimate Marvel Universe. And according to them, Ultimate Thor can lift somewhere between 75 and 100 tons. Now, of course, writers can always write the character as being able to lift considerably more than that but I doubt they'd show him being able to lift less. While OHOTMU stats can't be used in the articles, they do serve a purpose in this particular sense as they directly contradict the Wizard article.Odin's Beard 00:41, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

There's also the issue that a lot of his power seems to be derived from his belt. In Ultimates 2, when the Ultimate Avengers (i.e., Quicksilver) tear his belt off he plummets to the Earth, pukes, and sits crumpled on the ground, defeated. MarkB2 20:27, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Overhaul
I've gone through the article and added the information I know (from collecting Ultimate titles,) including the Ultimate Six, War, and Secret infomration. Does anyone think they aren't worth mentioning in this article?

Costume
Has it been explained how/why the circles on his costume glow blue? And do the cirles represent anything? --68.103.154.140 10:32, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes and no. When Loki purported to be a scientist and Thor his deranged half-brother, it was made clear that the circles were a part of the technology in the 'suit', and thus glowed as a function of the use of the suit. The specifics weren't given. Since Thor's been proved to be a deity, the glowing is now probably an artist's convention to show how powered he is by the intensity of the glow. none of this has been explicitly state inthe context ofhte comic, nor in any interview I've seen, I'm just going by my interpretations of the panels and dialogue given in the book, and my years of experience as both a comics reader and illustrator in visual cuing. ThuranX 19:00, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

GOCEreviewed
Added GOCEreviewed primarily because it's almost entirely in-universe. --Stfg (talk) 16:57, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 17 January 2018
See Talk:Ultimate Nick Fury.--TriiipleThreat (talk) 18:55, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Ultimate Nick Fury which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:59, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thor (Ultimate Marvel)


text:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freetown

The Archdiocese of Freetown (Archidioecesis Liberae Urbis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Sierra Leone. Its episcopal see is the city of Freetown, the capital and most populous city of the African country. It is a metropolitan see with three suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province.

History
The territory was established as the Vicariate Apostolic of Sierra Leone, on 13 April 1858 by Pope Pius IX, taking territory from the Vicariate Apostolic of Two Guineas and Senegambia. It itself lost territory in 1897 to the Prefecture Apostolic of Guinea Francese and in 1903 to the Prefecture Apostolic of Liberia.

The vicariate was elevated to the status of a diocese, taking the name of Freetown and Bo on 18 April 1950. In 1952, the Prefecture Apostolic of Makeni was split off from its territory. The diocese was elevated to an archdiocese on 11 November 1970, at which time also the Diocese of Kenema was split off.

On 15 January 2011, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bo was split off the Archdiocese of Freetown and Bo which is called Archdiocese of Freetown since then.

Geography
The diocese covers an area of 4677 km2, around the Sierra Leone capital city of Freetown.

The archidiocese has three suffragan dioceses, those of Bo, Kenema and Makeni.

Cathedral
The cathedral of the Freetown archdiocese is the Sacred Heart Cathedral, also sometimes called simply the Cathedral of Freetown. The cathedral is located in the Howe street of the town of Freetown.

Work on its construction began in November 1884 and was dedicated on October 27, 1887. The Sacred Heart Cathedral follows the Roman rite.

Ordinaries

 * Melchior-Marie-Joseph de Marion-Brésillac MEP (1858–1859)
 * John Joseph O'Gorman CSSp (1903–1932)
 * Bartholomew Stanislaus Wilson CSSp (1933–1936)
 * Ambrose Kelly CSSp (1937–1952)
 * Thomas Joseph Brosnahan CSSp (1952–1980)
 * Joseph Henry Ganda (1980–2007)
 * Edward Tamba Charles (2008–present)

title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freetown


text:
Body drag

Body drag is the name given to a freestyle trick performed by a windsurfer. The trick involves the rider travelling across the water at high speed and stepping off the board and on to the water while still holding on to the boom which is connected to the sail.

The result should be that the rider's lower body "drags" over the water's surface at speed along with the board and sail. A skilled rider is able to step back onto the board and continue sailing.

title: Body drag


text: Talk:Cyclic history

title: Talk:Cyclic history


text:
Talk:Ultimate Black Widow

 * Don't merge this. The characters are different and merit their own articles.--GingerM 15:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep One Page--Brown Shoes22 16:22, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Merge all Ultimate characters into the main articles, unless that becomes big. Members of the Ultimates don't need separate pages. --Pc13 20:46, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * '' "Merge all Ultimate characters into the main articles, unless that becomes big" I think latter part will apply at least to Captain America, Iron Man, Thor and Nick Fury. Honestly, I don't know about Ultimate Black Widow, but in doubt, I vote for KEEP. Onomatopoeia 17:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed my mind, Ultimate Black Widow really does not need one, and neither Cap, Thor or Nick Fury. Ultimate Iron Man does, because it is the name of his own series. -- Onomatopoeia 05:04, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * BrownShoes, please stop making these comments on individual pages. If you are opposing the policy, then please start a discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Comics

I think these articles should be merged, because essentially, they are the same character and even though Ultimate Black Widow is slightly different, a whole other article for a character who really hasn't been well established isn't necessary.

Do not merge. These a seperate characters in a different 'universe'. POTUS

title: Talk:Ultimate Black Widow


text:
Category:Ukrainian art

 * Ukrainian art.

title: Category:Ukrainian art


text: Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Sierra Leone


text:
Talk:Reserve power

Japan
This section seems to be anti-US when referring to the end of WWII, the Japanese Surrender, and Japan's new constitution. The part in question: ''This is because after the Nuclear Bomb (Atomic Bombs) drop on japan in World War 2. The Japanese Empire surrender to the United State and was forced to sign the Constitution of Japan'' isn't grammatically correct either. This section should be reworded, and changed to a neutral point of view. --Msl5046 12:46, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

United Kingdom
- Re: 2) The refusal to dissolve Parliament when requested by the Prime Minister. This was last reputedly done in 1910 (but George V later changed his mind), but certainly not within the past century. If you mean the past century to be the twentieth, 1910 was in the past century. If you mean the past century to be the last hundred years, everything after 1905 (including the year 1910) is within the past century. This statement is self-contradictory, and should be reworded.

 * The change has now been made.

- Re: 1) The appointment of a prime minister. This was last done in 1974 when Parliament was hung and the Queen appointed Harold Wilson as prime minister. As far as I am aware, the reigning monarch uses this reserve power following each and every election: by convention he or she invites the leader of the party winning the most seats to Buckingham Palace and asks him or her to become Prime Minister of the new government. If this is correct then this section of the article is inaccurate. Can someone confirm this and make the edit if necessary? - Hux 12:49, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Dissolution of Parliament
I propose to remove the statement that the Queen or a Governor-General can dissolve Parliament against the advice of his/her ministers. The Proclamation for Dissolving the present Parliament and Declaring the Calling of Another is always issued "by and with the Advice of Our Privy Council", and similarly art. 32 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia provides that writs for elections have to be issued by the Governor-General in Council. These cannot therefore be reserve powers. The Queen / Governor-General can refuse to dissolve Parliament, but the only way the Queen or a Governor-General can force the dissolution of Parliament and call another against the advice of ministers is by dismissing the Government and appointing a caretaker Prime Minister who promises to advise such a proclamation, as Malcolm Fraser did in 1975. Andrew Yong 17:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

United States
I think the US section should be deleted. The American president doesn't really have "reserve powers" in the sense of this article; powers such as the veto, which are reserve powers in a parliamentary system, are just regular old powers of office in the American system. In particular, the president is free to veto legislation simply because he does not agree with it; it doesn't have to be because he's defending the constitution.

The president also has emergency powers, such as declaring martial law. That's similar to the notion of a reserve power, but not in my estimation quite the same thing. --Trovatore 19:33, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The United States section has been deleted.

Royal Prerogative
This article is written in a very confusing way. Are the enumerated powers supposed to be reserve powers? If so, some of this is clearly wrong as the royal prerogative is not in any sense a reserve power. --Daniel C. Boyer 17:20, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

UK (again)
''To appoint a Prime Minister of her own choosing. This was last done in Britain in 1963 when Elizabeth II appointed Sir Alec Douglas-Home as Prime Minister.''

I thought she appointed him because Harold Macmillan, by the outgoing Prime Minister, formally recommended that she send for him. There may not have been a formal process for selecting a leader but there were certainly soundings and the "customary process".

(1974) The Queen then asked Harold Wilson, leader of the Labour Party, which had the largest number of seats in the Commons but not a majority, to attempt to form a government with the support of the Liberals). Wilson agreed, on condition that, if the arrangement with the Liberals broke down, the Queen would dissolve parliament and call a new election, rather than give the Liberals the opportunity to offer their support to, or even form a coalition government with, the Conservatives.

I don't think there was ever any formal agreement between Labour & Liberals - indeed I recall reading that Wilson told Liberal leader Jeremy Thorpe quite clearly that they were not needed. The bit about a new election seems to be a mangling of the story Wilson's press secretary Joe Haine recalled to Alan Clark (reproduced in a letter in the paperback edition of Clark's The Tories: Conservatives and the nation state 1922-1997) that the government discretely asked the Palace if a dissolution of Parliament and a general election would be granted in the event of a defeat on the initial Queen's Speech. This was in turn conveyed to the Conservatives who subsequently did not force a division on the speech at all. But this was after Wilson had accepted office and was also a means to stop the Conservatives forcing the issue, not to keep the Liberals in toe. Indeed given Labour's historic scepticism about coalitionism (MacDonald left deep scars), it would be very odd for Labour to seek formal agreements at first - rather they would try to govern alone and seek a majority at the first opportunity. (The later Lib-Lab pact was negotiated after some years in office to overcome existing difficulties once governing alone had been shown to be so difficult in practice.) Timrollpickering 06:04, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Portugal
There are reserve powers such as veto: by constitutional reasons, send to the constitutional court; by political reasons, up to three times. and also dissolution of assembly etc. The president does not hold any executive power. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.1.180.84 (talk) 17:14, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

New Zealand
I've added fact tags to relevant parts of the New Zealand section, largely because they appear to contradict the Cabinet Manual, specifically that the Governor-General is still bound by the convention of responsible government ("The Queen reigns but the government rules so long as it has the support of the House of Representatives"). I'd be interested to see anything that backs the proposition that a Governor-General can dismiss a Prime Minister who still has the confidence of the House. --LJ Holden 00:44, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Australia: Royal Powers Act 1953
I think the writers of the paragraph about the Royal Powers Act 1953 have misunderstood something rather important. They talk about the Constitution, but the RPA had absolutely nothing to do with the Constitution. It had to do with letting the Queen, when present in Australia, exercise the powers given to the governor-general by acts of the Australian Parliament. The Constitution is most definitely not an act of the Australian Parliament. And even if it were, no act of the Australian Parliament can purport to give the governor-general's powers specified in the Constitution to anyone else - not even to the Queen herself, because that would amount to an amendment of the Constitution, and we all know there's only one way to do that, a referendum.

The link that supports that paragraph is a dead link. We need to get the wording right, and find a better source than my ramblings at User talk:JackofOz. --  Jack of Oz   [Talk]  00:38, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I've had this discussion with Miesianiacal previously. He uniquely contends that the RPA allows the Queen to exercise the Governor-General's :constitutional powers, and he does this from no other source but himself. David Smith addresses this in his book, and also at a Senate lecture in 1996:"In preparing for the 1954 royal visit to Australia—the first by a reigning monarch—the Government wanted to involve the Queen in some of the formal processes of government, in addition to the inevitable public appearances and social occasions. But the Government’s legal advisers suddenly discovered what had been apparent to some writers at the time of Federation.[16] They pointed out that the Constitution placed all constitutional powers, other than the power to appoint the Governor-General, in the hands of the Governor-General and that he exercised these constitutional powers in his own right, and not as a representative or surrogate of the Sovereign. It was further pointed out that the Governor-General’s statutory powers, that is, those powers conferred on him by legislation passed by the Commonwealth Parliament, were also conferred on the Governor-General in his own right and could be exercised by no one else—not even the Sovereign. And so by means of the Royal Powers Act 1953, Parliament empowered the Queen, when she was personally present in Australia, to exercise any power under an Act of Parliament that was exercisable by the Governor-General. The Act further provided that the Governor‑General could continue to exercise any of his statutory powers, even while the Queen was in Australia, and in practice governors-general have continued to do so. The Royal Powers Act has enabled the Queen to preside at three meetings of the Federal Executive Council at Government House, Canberra. She has also opened Parliament on three occasions, and held a Privy Council on five occasions. The Queen has also issued two assignments of powers to the Governor-General under section 2 of the Constitution, acting on each occasion with the advice of the Federal Executive Council. These documents were countersigned by her Australian Prime Minister—Menzies in 1954 and Whitlam in 1973—and they were sealed with the Royal Great Seal of Australia."
 * I'd like Mies' comments on the wording, otherwise he'll cheerfully revert anything that suggests that the Queen is not omnipotent. --Pete (talk) 03:57, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Smith says it crystal clearly here:
 * The fact is that The Queen cannot exercise any of the Governor-General's constitutional powers. Under the Royal Powers Act 1953 The Queen is authorised, whenever she is present in Australia, to exercise the powers conferred on the Governor-General by Commonwealth Acts of Parliament, but they do not include the powers conferred on the Governor-General by the Constitution.
 * I know David Smith is not the sole source of knowledge on this matter, but he's the one who dominates google searches. --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  04:43, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

 * And here is Bob Menzies's 2nd Reading Speech from 2 December 1953 in which he says, inter alia:
 * However, I am advised that, notwithstanding section 61 of the Constitution, Her Majesty cannot, as a matter of strict law, exercise any power conferred on the Executive by a statute of the Parliament. In other words, she can exercise a prerogative right but not a statutory right as the law now stands. This bill therefore provides that any power under a statute which is exercisable by the Governor-General may be exercised by Her Majesty the Queen when she is personally in Australia.
 * (my bolding). The Constitution is not a statute of the Parliament.  At least not the Australian Parliament.   --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  04:56, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

JackofOz, you'll have to forgive me, as I am not all that familiar with Australian constitutional studies. However, my academic studies are largely centred around Canada's constitutional framework.

My basic premise: all of the powers of the governor general are derived from the Queen.

While the governor general is explicitly named within the constitution, it is as the Queen's representative. In Canada, "Through the Letters Patent, King George VI allowed the Governor General to exercise all the power of the monarch with respect to Canada, significant because the Letters Patent cannot be altered or repealed by parliament since they are a creation of the monarch’s royal prerogative." Therefore, the governor general was unable to exercise the monarch's powers without these letters patent (where originally a different set were issued by the sovereign to each governor general individually), and it is through these letters that the office of the GG derives its authority. The Canadian Government website on the Crown for example, states that "In 1947, "Letters Patent Constituting the Office of the Governor General of Canada" (under King George VI), authorized the Governor General to exercise most of the Crown's powers on behalf of the Sovereign." The late Senator Eugene Forsey, stated in his book How Canadians Govern Themselves that "All of the powers of the Queen are now exercised by her representative, the Governor General, except when the Queen is in Canada.". Ronald Cheffins states in his article "The Royal Prerogative and the Office of Lieutenant Governor" in the Canadian Parliamentary Review that "In the 'Letters Patent of 1947', the then monarch King George VI, delegated to the Governor General the entire prerogative powers of the Crown at the federal level. These powers are of vital importance in the Canadian constitutional system, as they include such important matters as:
 * the appointment of the prime minister and cabinet ministers;
 * the appointment of ambassadors;
 * the summoning, proroguing, and dissolution of parliament;
 * the declaration of war, and
 * the signing of treaties"

So as you can see, the above powers cannot be legislated exclusively to the governor general, since they are "the creation of the monarch's royal prerogative". That being said, there are some people, such as James Mallory, who suggest otherwise. In The Structure of Canadian Government he states that "the Queen cannot exercise the Governor General’s powers because they are conferred on him, and not on the Queen, by the British North America Act." It is not entirely clear how Mallory arrived at such a conclusion however, besides perhaps through a claim to a 'constitutional convention' (although this position would be debatable), which are not legally binding in any event. His own interpretation of the BNA Act conflicts with many other prominent constitutional scholars (a couple as above); which is to say that from an historical and evolutionary perspective, the office of the governor general clearly serves a solely 'representative function' within the Canadian constitutional framework, and lacks any power in and of itself. It could be argued that since the BNA act mentions the GG, that it bestows upon the office a certain amount of legitimacy in and of itself, however one should keep in mind the intent and historical mindset of the original drafters (where it would be inconceivable for a governor to act independently of the sovereign). Trackratte (talk) 20:24, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Both the Australian and Canadian constitutions vest all executive authroity in the monarch and both ascribe certain of those executive powers for exercise only by the governor general; if the constitution says "The Governor General may from Time to Time, by Instrument under the Great Seal of Canada, appoint a Senator to be Speaker of the Senate", then the Queen cannot perform that task, though the power the governor-general exercises when doing so is the Queen's, not the viceroy's. The Australian governor-general is, however, specifically tasked by Australia's constitution to carry out more of those responsibilities than is the Canadian counterpart. If I understand things correctly, the only reserve powers the Queen holds in relation to Australia (in the Commonwealth jurisdiction, anyway) are refusing her prime minister's advice to appoint or dismiss a governor-general, refusing Royal Assent to a bill that has been reserved for her consideration, and denying any ministerial advice relating to honours. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  21:09, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The crucial difference is that in Australia the office of Governor-General is created in the Constitution and therefore cannot be meddled with by the monarch in any way, as the only way that the Constitution can be amended is through referendum. The Governor-General's powers are not derived through the monarch - they are given through the Constitution. I present the pertinent remarks of a more recent Chief Justice of the High Court, Sir Gerard Brennan. In talking about the pathway to a formal republican method of government for Australia, he touches upon the reserve powers of the Governor-General:"…the law would have to discriminate among the powers presently exercised by the Governor- General. These powers fall into three classes: first, the executive power of the Commonwealth which s 61 vests in the Queen to be exercised by the Governor-General; second, powers vested in the Governor-General in Council; and third, powers simply vested in the Governor-General. Convention requires that all these powers are exercised only on the appropriate governmental advice but, exceptionally, the powers vested simply in the Governor-General may be exercised without or even contrary to ministerial advice in particular circumstances and then the powers are known, somewhat loosely, as the reserve powers. Australians became familiar with the term when Prime Minister Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor- General on 11 November 1975."Brennan is talking here of the various powers in ss5, 57, 58 and 64, of which the latter was exercised in 1975 by Sir John Kerr. He notes that these powers are not the s61 executive power vested in the Queen, but "powers simply vested in the Governor-General". An interesting footnote is worth quoting here. "Professor Winterton accepted that, at least since 1926, s 61 should be read as “exercisable only by the Governor-General”: see Parliament, the Executive and the Governor-General (Melbourne, MUP, 1983) p 51."Mies holds the notion that the Queen owns the powers given in the Constitution, and may exercise them if she wishes, for example to dismiss a government. This is very much a fringe view, and we should not present it as anything but that. --Pete (talk) 21:39, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Not even that. The views of individual WP editors don't get to be enshrined in WP articles.  It's all about what reliable sources have to say, and no WP editor per se, not even Jimmy Wales, is a reliable source.  --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  21:44, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Indeed. And the constitution is clear that executive power is the Queen's but much of it can only be exercised by the governor-general. In other words, I believe the present wording of the article relating to the Royal Powers Act is incorrect. In fact, I don't even know what the Royal Powers Act has to do with the reserve powers. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  22:09, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The point here is that individual interpretations of primary sources have no place here. Try to find a reliable source, please. --Pete (talk) 22:13, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I totally agree with you, Miesianical. That was precisely why I started this thread.  Reserve powers, whatever one might say about them, have to do with either the Constitution or come from somewhere else in the mists of Westminster history.  They have zero to do with the Royal Powers Act 1953 or any other law the Australian Parliament has ever passed or will ever pass, and that link should never have been made in the article.  --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  22:19, 25 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, talk about the mists of time: The Royal Powers Act seems to have been in there from the beginning. I think mention of it should be removed. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  22:23, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

 * That's what I've been saying.  --   Jack of Oz   [Talk]  22:32, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

"Tabled", with apologies to Correct British usage.
Since this article will be read by americans in addition to other English speakers, I changed the work "tabled" to "introduced." The word "tabled" is actually more proper in context, but in american usage, to "table" a bill is to kill it. I feel it is better to use the unambiguous "introduce" in place of the correct term in this case. See WP:VNE -Arch dude (talk) 03:12, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

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Mari Djata II of Mali

Mansa Jata, commonly referred to as Mari Jata II, possibly incorrectly, known in oral histories as Konkodugu Kamissa was mansa of Mali from 1360 to 1374. He was an ineffective ruler, and his reign, recorded by the contemporary North African historian Ibn Khaldun, marked the beginning of the decline of the Mali Empire.

Jata was the son of Mansa Maghan, and as such the grandson of Mansa Musa. Jata may be the same person as a figure named Jatil mentioned by Ibn Battuta. If so, he was living in exile in Kanburni during the reign of his great-uncle Mansa Suleyman, possibly because Suleyman had seized the throne from Jata's father Maghan by force. Jata then would have conspired with Suleyman's wife Qasa, who may have been his sister, to depose Suleyman. However, Qasa was found out and the coup attempt was prevented.

When Suleyman died, he was succeeded by his son Qanba, who would reign for only nine months. Civil war soon broke out, of which Jata was the victor. He had consolidated power by late 1360. A delegation bearing gifts for the Marinid sultan had been prepared by Suleyman, but he had died before the delegation could be sent, and the delegation spent the civil war in Walata. Jata added gifts to the delegation, including a giraffe, and sent the delegation to Fez. The delegation arrived in December 1360 or January 1361, where it was received by Sultan Abu Salim and attracted much interest among the people of Fez.

Jata was regarded as a tyrannical and wasteful ruler. He was said to have sold one of the national treasures of Mali, a boulder of gold that weighed twenty qintars, for far less than it was worth.

Jata contracted a sleeping sickness which increasingly incapacitated him. After two years of illness and a fourteen-year reign he died, in 1373 or 1374. He was succeeded by his son Musa; another son of his, Magha, would succeed Musa.

D. T. Niane identified Jata with Konkodugu Kamissa, a figure in oral tradition of Hamana, but Yves Person disputed Niane's interpretations of traditional genealogies and suggested that there is a gap in oral tradition between the middle of the 14th century and beginning of the 17th, with Sulayman being the last mansa remembered before this gap.

title: Mari Djata II of Mali


text:
Icklesham

Icklesham is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. The village is located about six miles (10 km) east of Hastings, on the main A259 Hastings to Rye road. The surrounding countryside is a made up of fields, hills, woods, orchards and vineyards.

The civil parish is large, and includes Icklesham itself, Winchelsea, Winchelsea Beach and Rye Harbour.

History
Icklesham's historic roots can be traced back to 772, when it appeared as Icoleshamme in a land charter signed by Offa, King of Mercia. Strategically located on the River Brede, it was a prime target in the Norman invasion of 1066 (some 700 years later, evacuation plans were prepared in case of an invasion by Napoleon).

The 12th Century church of All Saints & St. Nicholas was restored by architect Samuel Sanders Teulon in the late 1840s. The church was originally dedicated to All Saints in the Norman period but was changed by Henry VIII to St. Nicolas. Nicholas is associated with protecting mariners, appropriate as Icklesham was still coastal at the time.

Landmarks
Hogg Hill Mill which overlooks the village, is used as a recording studio by Sir Paul McCartney.

A sandstone circle is located to the east of the parish church in a field by the main A259 road. It was constructed in approximately 2012.

The parish contains three Sites of Special Scientific Interest—Winchelsea Cutting, "Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay" and Rye Harbour. Winchelsea Cutting is a 0.3 acre roadside cutting with 33 ft of exposed geological strata. Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye is a large site of 1801 acre, lying along the coast, and extending into the neighbouring county of Kent. Its interest is biological and geological, with various habitats of shingle, saltmarsh, sand dunes and saline lagoons. Rye Harbour is another 1881 acre site of biological importance, with a varied habitat of shingle, intertidal mudflats and saltmarsh.

Notable people

 * Charles Kenward (1877–1948), first-class cricketer
 * Richard Kenward (1875–1957), first-class cricketer

title: Icklesham


text:
Talk:SSN (hull classification symbol)

Hunter-killer submarines are denoted SSK by the United States Navy. SSNs are general-mission submarines, not hunter-killers, and their primary mission is anti-shipping, not anti-boomer.

SSN
Is there a reason that the article opens stating that SSN is a US Navy classification? It appears to me to used by other nations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.32.31.1 (talk) 16:48, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

India's SSN's
The information about India's SSN's being developed is missing from the page.Bcs09 (talk) 06:29, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

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Hallenstadion

The Hallenstadion (Zürcher Hallenstadion, Zürich Indoor Stadium) is a multi-purpose facility in the Oerlikon quarter of northern Zürich. It has a capacity of 11,200 spectators. Designed by Bruno Giacometti, it opened on November 4, 1939, and was renovated in 2004–05.

The Hallenstadion was home to the ZSC Lions of the National League (NL) from 1950 to 2022. The Lions moved out of the Hallenstadion at the end of the 2021/22 season to a new 12,000-seat arena a few kilometers away in the Altstetten area. Construction for the new Swiss Life Arena officially began on 6 March 2019 and was completed towards the end of 2022, with the ZSC Lions playing their first game in the new arena on 18 October 2022.

Sporting events
Bicycle race events were held in the Hallenstadion in its first year of service, 1939, and most years since then. The classic Zürcher 6-Tagerennen (Zürich 6-day race) began there in 1954, running on its characteristic oval of wooden boards, until the arena closed temporarily for renovation in 2004. The event is run there again now, in a more modern atmosphere.

The Hallenstadion hosted the Ice Hockey World Championships in 1998, along with Basel, and was the home stadium of the ZSC Lions ice hockey team. In February 2006, it hosted semi-finals and the final of the 2006 European Men's Handball Championship.

It had been the home of the annual Zürich Open, a WTA Tour tennis tournament that was discontinued after 25 years in 2008. On 21 December 2010, tennis returned to the arena with an exhibition featuring Roger Federer against Rafael Nadal, for the benefit of Federer's foundation.

On September 29, 2009, the Hallenstadion hosted the 2009 Victoria Cup. The game pit the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks against the Champions Hockey League title-holder, the Zurich Lions.

In April 2011, the 2011 IIHF Women's World Championship top division were held at the arena and also at the Deutweg Arena in Winterthur.

Other events
Among many others, in August 2005 the 14th Dalai Lama gave several teachings and initiations as well as a public talk on "The Art of Happiness" open for everyone for 10 days.

The 61st FIFA Congress was held at the Hallenstadion on 31 May and 1 June 2011, and the 65th FIFA Congress was held there on 28 May and 29 May 2015. The 2016 FIFA Extraordinary Congress took place at the venue on 26 February 2016.

Monster Jam will make its debut at the venue on 19–21 April 2024.

Entertainment
Hallenstadion has been a top venue for entertainment in Switzerland as many international artists have performed at the venue, spanning a wide range of genres.

title: Hallenstadion