text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nigel Richard William Seely

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 07:22, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Nigel Richard William Seely
This article, and everything else created by anonymous user 162.83.241.167 last night, seem to be genealogical information on the Seely family, and probably copied from some database. Some individuals may be encyclopedic, but most, I'm sure, are just like this one. See What Wikipedia is not. Ken 13:29, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no claim of notability, although is possible that they did notable stuff in war. Morwen - Talk 13:54, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The format of this and all the other pages is of Burke's Peerage or Debrett's ilk. Probably all copyvios.  Delete anyway. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 13:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Morwen. Let's make sure we vote on the Seelys one by one, rather than as a group. Some are notable, some aren't. OpenToppedBus - My Talk 14:03, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 03:24, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Al Stillman

Al Stillman (né Albert Irving Silverman; 26 June 1901 Manhattan, New York – 17 February 1979 Manhattan, New York) was an American lyricist.

Biography
Al Stillman was born as Albert Irving Silverman to Jewish parents Herman Silverman and Gertrude Rubin (maiden). He adopted the name "Albert Stillman" as a professional pseudonym. He chose the name, reportedly, because it was the recognizable surname of a well-known New York banking family. He was Jewish. He attended New York University. After graduation, he contributed to Franklin P. Adams' newspaper column, and in 1933 became a staff writer at Radio City Music Hall, a position he held for almost 40 years.

Al Stillman collaborated with a number of composers: Fred Ahlert, Robert Allen, Percy Faith, George Gershwin, Ernesto Lecuona, Paul McGrane, Kay Swift, and Arthur Schwartz. Many of his collaborations with Allen were major hits in the 1950s for The Four Lads; the Stillman/Allen team also wrote hit songs for Perry Como and Johnny Mathis.

Al Stillman was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1982.

Perry Como hits

 * "Home for the Holidays" (1954) (Still played during the Christmas holiday.)
 * "My One and Only Heart" (1953)
 * "You Alone (Solo Tu)" (1953, redone in 1961)

Four Lads hits

 * "Enchanted Island" (1958)
 * "Moments to Remember" (1955)
 * "No, Not Much" (1956)
 * "There’s Only One of You" (1958)
 * "Who Needs You?" (1956)

Johnny Mathis hits

 * "Chances Are" (1957)
 * "It's Not For Me to Say" (1957)
 * "Teacher, Teacher" (1958)

Music by Ernesto Lecuona

 * "The Breeze and I" (1940)
 * "In Spain They Say ‘Si Si’" (co-written with Francia Luban)
 * "You're the One" as recorded by Kathy Kirby in 1964

Others

 * "Air Cadet Song (music by Louis E.De Francesco, 1944 (published by Sam Fox Pub Co. NY NY)
 * "Alley Cat" (music by Bent Fabric)
 * "And That Reminds Me" (or "My Heart Reminds Me") (written with Camillo Bargoni, Dante Panzuti, and Paul Siegel.) (A hit for singers Vikki Carr, Kay Starr, Julie London, Della Reese, Dean Martin, among others.)
 * "Bless 'em All" (with Fred Godfrey, Frank Kerslake, and James Lally) (a World War II song)
 * "Can You Find It in Your Heart"
 * "Don'cha Go 'Way Mad" (music by Illinois Jacquet and Jimmy Mundy.) (A hit for Frank Sinatra.)
 * "Every Step of the Way"
 * "The Great Escape March"
 * "Happy Anniversary"
 * "I Believe" (1952) (written with Ervin Drake, Irvin Graham, and Jimmy Shirl) (a hit for Jane Froman, Frankie Laine, and recorded by many others, including Perry Como, Barbra Streisand, Cissy Houston, and Elvis Presley.)
 * "If Dreams Come True"
 * "I Love You and Don’t You Forget It" (1963) (music by Henry Mancini) (A hit for Perry Como.)
 * "Jukebox Saturday Night" (1942) (music by Paul McGrane) (A hit for the Glenn Miller Orchestra and the Pied Pipers vocal group.)
 * "The Little Boy"
 * "Little Jack Frost Get Lost" (written with Seger Ellis [1904-95])
 * "Mama Yo Quiero" (written with Jararaca and Vincente Paiva.) (A hit for the Xavier Cugat Orchestra and others.)
 * "Meantime"
 * "An Old Flame Never Dies"
 * "One, Two, Three, Kick"
 * "A Room with a View"
 * "Song About Love"
 * "Taboo"
 * "Tell Me That You Love Me Tonight"
 * "There's Nothing I Can Say"
 * "Truly, Truly True"
 * "When I Am With You", (music by Benjamin Weisman.) (A hit for Johnny Mathis.)
 * "You and I Know"
 * "Turn Off the Moon" (sung by Sue Lyon, music by Bob Harris.)
 * "Copacabana"

Stage shows with scores by Stillman

 * Howdy
 * Icetime of 1948
 * It Happens on Ice
 * Mr. Ice
 * Stars on Ice
 * Virginia

Movies to which Stillman contributed songs

 * The Cardinal
 * Captains of the Clouds (1942) (Was uncredited, but wrote the song "Bless Em All")
 * Carnival in Costa Rica (1947) (Wrote the songs "Costa Rica" and "Say Si Si")
 * I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955) (Film used his song "Cui Cui," originally written for The Long, Long Trailer.)
 * Lizzie (1957) (Composed the song "It's Not For Me To Say")
 * The Long, Long Trailer (1954) (Composed the song "Cui Cui")
 * The FBI Story (1959) (Composed the song "What Do I Care?")

Family
Stillman, on September 29, 1939, married Pauline Reinfmann (née Patia Reinfmann aka Kaufman; 1906–1990) in Fort Lee, New Jersey. She was born in Russia and became a U.S. naturalized citizen March 22, 1943, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. Pauline's sister, Anna "Billie" Swan (née Anna Kaufman; 1905–1992), married, on August 7, 1925, in Manhattan to Einar Aaron Swan (1903–1940), an arranger and composer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Al Stillman


text:
Maritime prefect

A maritime prefect (French: Préfet maritime) is a servant of the French government who exercises authority over the sea in a particular region known as a maritime prefecture (Préfecture maritime). As of, there are three maritime prefects in metropolitan France, based in Cherbourg-en-Cotentin (Channel and North Sea), Brest (Atlantic Ocean) and Toulon (Mediterranean Sea).

History
The dignity was created on 27 April 1800 under the French Consulate to unify the command of harbours (civil administrator) and the command of the Navy (admiral). Two additional maritime prefects were based in Rochefort until 1927 and Lorient until 1941.

Maritime prefectures exist in each of the five overseas departments of France, but are administered by the departments' respective prefects: Cayenne for French Guiana, Basse-Terre for Guadeloupe, Fort-de-France for Martinique, Saint-Denis for Réunion and Mamoudzou for Mayotte.

Duties and responsibilities
The prefect maritime is the representative of the State at sea, government delegate and direct representative of the Prime Minister and each of the ministers. It is vested with "authority in all areas where State action is exercised at sea".

The maritime prefect has general police powers and oversees the defense of sovereign rights and the interests of the Nation, the maintenance of public order, the safeguarding of persons and property, the protection environment and the coordination of the fight against illicit activities.

The maritime prefect is a flag officer in the French Navy, who combines this civil function with the military powers of "commander of the maritime zone" (operational control of the forces deployed in the maritime zone) and "commander of the maritime district" (commands naval units not under another command).

List of maritime prefects
As of 2019, the three maritime prefects in metropolitan France are:
 * Channel and North Sea (Cherbourg-en-Cotentin): Vice-amiral Philippe Dutrieux, following the 1924 unification of the commanding position at Dunkirk and prefecture at Cherbourg (COMNORD)
 * Atlantic Ocean (Château de Brest, Brest): Vice-amiral d'escadre Olivier Lebas, ex-officio holds the title of Commander for the Atlantic (Commandant en chef pour l'Atlantique, CECLANT)
 * Mediterranean Sea (Toulon): Vice-amiral d'escadre Gilles Boidevezi, ex-officio holds the title of Commander for the Mediterranean (Commandant en chef pour la Méditerranée, CECMED)

title: Maritime prefect


text:
Rochdale One

M/V Rochdale One was a cruise ship built by the French shipyard Ateliers et Chantiers Dubigeon-Normandie at Nantes in 1977 for the Soviet Union. As the Ayvasovskiy (Айвазовский) she was operated by the Danube Shipping Company, mainly in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. At around, with a length of 121.5 m and a draught of 4.5 m, she was small for a cruise ship and carried only 328 passengers.

In 1997, she was chartered by German company Phoenix Reisen, and renamed Carina. In 2000, she was sold and renamed Primexpress Island, sailing out of Cyprus as a floating casino. However, in 2001 the ship was arrested at the port of Limassol because of unpaid bills.

Eventually the ship was acquired by three Dutch housing associations; Algemene Woningbouw Vereniging (AWV), DUWO, and Woningstichting Rochdale, who agreed to cooperate in order to alleviate the extreme shortage of student accommodation in Amsterdam. The ship was towed to Greece to be converted into an accommodation vessel before sailing to Amsterdam, arriving there on 8 July 2004. Renamed Rochdale One, she was used at Amsterdam from 2004 until 2009 as a home for 194 students. The ship was then laid up until August 2011, when she was towed to 's-Gravendeel, Netherlands, before being sold to a Lebanese company. In February 2012, she was towed to Tripoli, Lebanon.

In July 2013, after a failed attempt to sell the ship to Russian buyers, she sailed to Aliağa, Turkey, to be scrapped.

title: Rochdale One


text:
User talk:Shrewd.user

Welcome
Hello ,

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Again, welcome.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:31, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Melbourne
Thanks for your suggestion. If you feel a change is needed, please go ahead and make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. You don't even need to log in, although there are several reasons why you might want to. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. Josh Parris ✉ 00:05, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

i'm in the sin bin again
one of the million or two customer's of telstra have decided to do something 'disruptive' with an IP, which i get stuck with. seriously wikipedia, this is very frustrating to a new user like me, what't the point of banning by IP when most IP's are dynamic and shared. it's only inconveniencing innocent people, half the time when i try to add or discuss something, i find out that i can't unless i want to reconnect and try my luck with another IP, why don't you design a new banning system that works with cookies? it's a bit harder to circumvent, plus it doesn't frustrate newbies/innocents.

Talk pages
As a courtesy for other editors on Wikipedia, please sign your talk page and user talk page posts. By adding four tildes (~) at the end of your comments, your user name or IP address and the date will be automatically added.. Evil Monkey∴Hello 03:37, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * thanks Shrewd.user 04:13, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Logo_swinburne.gif
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title: User talk:Shrewd.user


text:
Talk:Mary Bono

Scientology
When did she become a Scientologist? I hadn't seen any mention of that until I read it here. --JamesB3 13:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, is she still a Scientologist (if she ever was)? -Willmcw 18:48, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Apparently she took a couple of classes, as do millions of people who never join Scientology. To label her thus seems an attempt to smear her and her late husband.Alcuin of York (talk) 12:40, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

What has she exactly done after graduating from college (1984) besides marrying a rich actor/artist?? Idots who have voted for her consistantly should be ashamed

 * Idiots? Unsigned person above, you appear to have no clue what "Neutral point of view" is, nor do you have any commitment to logical thinking.  Please do not edit anything.Alcuin of York (talk) 12:40, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

The article says "she is one of the few Scientologist representatives." I'd be a bit surprised if there are any others. Are there? Jonathunder 04:23, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. Personally, I am not aware of any others in Congress besides her and the late, unlamented Sonny.

 * Your use of the word "unlamented" is uncalled for. Pardon me but your venom is showing.Alcuin of York (talk) 12:40, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 *  P . Mac Uidhir  (t)  (c)  23:15, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * What's out source for her belief (past or current) in Scientology? -Will Beback 20:19, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Scientology magazine, Celebrity, listed both Sonny and Mary Bono as having taken numerous courses, such as one called Marriage. Mary Bono enrolled in at least six in 1989 and '90, including How to Improve and Financial Success. I can't find the reference online. Dominick (TALK) 21:01, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Some classes 15 years ago isn't enough to call her a current practitioner, and barely sufficient to call her a past practitioner. If we can't find a verifiable source for her current beliefs, the assertion should be removed. -Will Beback 21:10, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Mary Bono has distanced herself from Scientology, but so did Sonny. Sonny claimed to be Catholic whenever he listed or mentioned his religion, even though he was practicing Scientology at the time. This is not proof of belief, and the fact that she hasn't run any courses since 1990 and isn't listed in any of the groups directories says that she's gone inactivie. The only things favoring Scientology she's done since joining the House of Representatives is her support for extending Copyright, which Scientology needs to protect it's ownership of L. Ron's writings. Freddie Freelance

 * That bill also helps her and her children, grandchildren, etc. plus lots of people in her district who are retired creative types. Steve Dufour 01:32, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Mary Bono is not, and has never been a Scientologist.
 * You're an idiot source yourself you idiot we don't know who you are and if she is a Scientologist stupid idiot. 68.196.82.106 (talk) 20:38, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Assets, expenses
Unless there is an allegation of wrongdoing, details about the subject's personal wealth do not seem appropriate. I think we should mention that she receives significant royalty income because that is related to issues that come before Congress. But otherwise I think we should avoid too much financial detail, if for no other reasons then that it tends to unbalance the article and provides an implicit bias. -Will Beback 07:38, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that wanted to give more information on the statement (which Bono made) that she is too destitute to put her son through college. I can see where he/she is coming from, although I do think that a detailed report of Bono's finances is excessive. Perhaps we can include a link to a site that contains this (public) information? --Asbl 11:21, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Mary Bono is a proponent of, and lobbys strongly for Eternal Copyrights, that once something is in Copyright it will never go out of Copyright & no one can ever use it without paying the authors' heirs, usually a coprporation. She pushed through the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, also known as the Mickey Mouse Protection Act, to extend Copyright to the Author's life plus 70 years (for personal Copyright) or 95 years (for Corporately held Copyrights). To quote the article on the CTEA:

 * "In addition to Disney (whose extensive lobbying efforts inspired the nickname "The Mickey Mouse Protection Act"), California congresswoman Mary Bono (Sonny Bono's widow and Congressional successor) and the estate of composer George Gershwin supported the act. Mary Bono, speaking on the floor of the United States House of Representatives, noted that "Sonny wanted the term of copyright protection to last forever," but that since she was "informed by staff that such a change would violate the Constitution", Congress might consider Motion Pictures Association of America (MPAA) then-president Jack Valenti's proposal of a copyright term of "forever less one day.""

 * So her using the fact that she claims to be "Destitute" on only US$125,000/year as an excuse to support extending Copyright up to the Constitutionally allowed limits at the expence of the public's ability to freely exchange information makes listing this fact germane. Freddie Freelance

Where
is her opponents' list?

Thank You.

hopiakuta ; [[ <nowiki> </nowiki> { [[%c2%a1]] [[%c2%bf]] [[ %7e%7e%7e%7e ]] } ;]] 14:32, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Factoid
From the article: In a poll of Congressional aides, she was voted highest out of all Representatives on a list of who Looks Good in a Bathing Suit.
 * I know it's cited, but this is a rather silly (and sexist) factoid. Any objection to just removing it? Jonathunder 19:17, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Fine with me. It's not exactly "encyclopedic". -Will Beback · † · 20:57, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Voter Record Inconsistency
The article is inconsistent with regards to Congresswoman Bono's voting record. In the forth paragraph she is described as having a moderate to liberal voting record, while in the fifth paragraph she is described as voting conservatively. These two contradictory paragraphs should be reconciled. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.105.85.18 (talk) 20:47, 14 February 2007 (UTC).

District Comment
This comment "Mary Bono has a moderate-to-liberal voting record, which is somewhat surprising given that she represents one of the most Republican districts in California." is really not true. The district only leans Republican slightly. According to the 45th District Webpage the district voted for Bush 56% and has an partisan index of +3. Much lower then the other districts surrounding it. So in reality she is a moderate Republican in a district that leans slightly Republican. -Leahcim506

Not that I much care, I just stumbled across this page in the course of some casual research, but this whole pages seems more than a bit biased. Most of the article reads as a poorly veiled accusation of vague corruption. I don't know if articles about other US Reps are this shoddy, but it seems like this one needs some work. --128.186.236.226 23:16, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Poorly referenced entry for Mary Bono Mack. No citations even for her vote. The entire entry appears to have been written by her staff & hardly rises above a campaign press release. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.129.205.182 (talk) 10:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

"Real name"
An editor changed to to say that the subject's "real name" is actually "Mary Whitaker Bono McGillicuddy". There was no source for this change, so I reverted it.  Will Beback   talk    21:52, 2 April 2010 (UTC)
 * This is actually a question worth considering. Her husband's name is McGillicuddy, so it makes sense that this would be her legal name. He chooses to go by Mack. Certainly his right, as it is hers to be Bono Mack. But he's legally McGillicuddy, not having chosen to change it. Do we have any reason to believe that, on deciding to adopt his last name in describing herself, Ms. Bono Mack adopted her husband's nickname as her legal name? Would it not be odd for her to adopt a different legal name than her husband in an effort to mark their married state? (FEC records list her as Bono Mack just as they do him as Mack, so that doesn't seem dispositive.) I've no brief for either name. I certainly reject the idea that any name other than the one Ms. Bono Mack prefers is real. But there is a question about what her legal name is and it might be worth getting a definitive answer. Czrisher (talk) 21:51, 14 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The only sources we have are for "Mack". If we have sources that give another name we can use those. But I don't think we can just decide that her legal name is "Mary Whitaker Bono McGillicuddy" based on our own calculations.   Will Beback    talk    22:33, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Lickity Split
So, is Wikipedia the on-line version of the National Enquirer? Seems so with the repetition of the stories about a woman "licking" Mack's breast and cleavage. (No less than 4 "WP:RS" provide verification.) Deep into the cleavage is one description. And the other woman is a political donor, so that must be mentioned. And the stories quoted say "Lesbian" -- ah, yes, the congresswoman is now a lesbian. And this occurred 4 years ago -- at last we know she has been in the closet for all these years. And this was in a public function, e.g., a party where people were taking photos, so she has no shame. And Mack is the one who was doing the deed, not Blixseth -- woops, not so fast, we do not see Mack's face and one might wonder about the magic of Adobe Photoshop. Well, with these concerns in mind, I ask WP editors -- is this noteworthy information for the article? If not, split it out! --S. Rich (talk) 05:15, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * This does not seem to have lasting notability. The subject has issued a denial. The photo is not self-evident. Unless there's more substantial coverage of this, I suggest we delete it.   Will Beback    talk    10:59, 10 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I have seen the photos, read the coverage and I do not believe this event is notable enough to include in this article.  (PS, I am a California Democrat) DFS (talk) 20:59, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. --S. Rich (talk) 21:48, 15 April 2011 (UTC)

Name
I don't think she intends to be known, professionally or otherwise, as Mary Bono Mack for the rest of her life. She has had two husbands since Sonny Bono died, and I saw more references to Mary B. Mack than anything else. Quis separabit? 17:38, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

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Overhaul
I just overhauled this article, and it needed it. It was disorganized and contained a bunch of material that was either unsourced or was supported by non-secondary sources. There was also some promotional-sounding material from Bono's own websites. Hard to know how that stuff got in here and why nobody caught it. The article still needs more and better sources. It would benefit from more info on Bono's congressional career. 24.29.56.240 (talk) 17:05, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mary Bono


text:
Talk:Kenneth H. Cooper

METs and Cooper Points.
Cooper gives quite extensive tables of the points worth of various activities in his 'New Aerobics' book. Came out in the early 70s I think, in time to be avidly read by baby-boomers' jogging-crazy years. My understanding was that the tables were based on Cooper's extensive measurements of VO2 (?). IIRC The tables show that the training worth of a mile at 6 minutes and a mile at 10minutes are significantly different (nearly a factor of two IIRC).

(3 miles at 30 to 36 minutes 11 points; 20 to 24 minutes 20 points)

Now in various places on the web you can find the worth of various activities expressed in Metabolic Equivalent aka METs. These tables seem to show that, once you've broken into a run at 5 to 6 mph, the higher metabolic rate of 6 minutes miling over 10 minute miling is nearly offset by the reduced time spent on the exercise - ie calories per mile is nearly independent of running speed.

(12 minute miling is 8.5 METs, 6 minute miling is 16 METs)

So what effect did Cooper measure to base his training tables on?? (His tables say if in doubt use calories/20!)

If we understand it, should we include it?

 * Just saw the above note, but I must be brief today.
 * The basis of the values of the tables should be covered in Training Effect. I don't know if the exact tables are copyrighted or, since they are based on Air Force research, but I'll ask.
 * You're looking for VO2 Max.
 * My understanding, and experience, is that total calories and metabolic rate during exercise isn't the issue here - oxygen-use capacity is. A person who can run 5 miles at 6.5 minutes per mile has a higher oxygen-use capacity than one who can run 5 at 8 per.
 * The Training Effect yields a higher metabolic rate ALL the time, not just while exercising.
 * The Cooper Center will send more info on the Training Effect and a bio of Dr. Cooper next week.
 * Simesa 21:40, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * As of today, I haven't received anything from the Cooper Center. Simesa 10:03, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

AFD ??
I have a note on my Talk page that this article was up for AFD on 1 October 2010 (I've been away from Wikipedia editing for several months) -- I see no AFD sticker. What happened? Simesa (talk) 05:51, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

I am _amazed_ to return from a a 'wiki-break' to find this article flagged up (but where is the tag!) for deletion. This guy and his test was very well-known a few years back and he had until recently a whole institute behind his work!

Linuxlad (talk) 19:08, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Christianity
In his personal life Dr. Cooper is well known for his Christianity, and has been in Billy Graham Crusades. From reading his book "Aerobic" he believes in a balanced lifestyle regarding exercise and all of life. He talked about charting points "aerobically" in his books, something like counting calories. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Easeltine (talk • contribs) 14:00, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

For future reference
Biography at http://premierespeakers.com/kenneth_cooper/bio Location (talk) 13:30, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kenneth H. Cooper


text:
Nose ride

Noseriding is the art of maneuvering a surfboard from the front end. Noseriding is one of the most accomplished maneuvers in surfing. Some advanced maneuvers include: Hang ten toes, Hang five toes, Stretch-five, Front Foot/heel hang, Back Foot/heel hang. Noseriding is a functional maneuver best performed on waves around head high or less in size. Noseriding is performed mainly on noserider style surfboards, which are generally 9 ft or more in length, with larger surface area and higher water displacement to provide a more stable walking surface.

Background
"Noseriding wasn't identified as a maneuver unto itself until the early 1950s, after the surfboard fin had grown big enough to really anchor the tail." wrote Matt Warshaw in. According to most surfing historians, the fin was invented by Tom Blake around 1935, for the purpose of anchoring the tail and giving the surfboard direction from the tail to the tip. The fin enabled skilled surfers to walk to the front of the board without the tail skipping out from the wave. In 1947, Joe Quigg recorded, in drawings and words, the noseriding skill of Rabbit Kekai on waves at "Outer Queens" near Waikiki, Hawaii. One of the first commercial surfboard manufacturers, Dale Vezy is credited as being the first to get to the nose to hang five and hang ten in the early 1950s. Noseriding is widely considered the origin of "Extreme" surfing and had become such a popular trick by the late 1950s that Surfer Magazine publisher John Severson devoted a regular feature, called "Toes on the Nose", starting with his debut issue of Surfer in 1960.

Noseriding defined the surfers of the 1950s led by Rabbit Kekai, then Matt Kivlin and Joe Quigg. Then came the champion surfers of the 60s including Lance Carson, Phil Edwards, Dewey Weber, Mickey Muñoz, Joey Cabell, Donald Takayama, Skip Frye, David Nuuhiwa, Gary Proper, Claude Codgen and Bob Purvey. Today's generation includes Joel Tudor, CJ Nelson and Chad Marshall. Current Toe-pointing women Association of Surfing Professional's World Tour champions include Kelia Moniz from Hawaii, Belinda Baggs from Australia, Chloe Calmon from Brazil and Kassia Meador from the USA.

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, surfboard designers experimented with a variety of components to make the nose hold up longer and noserider surfboard designs became the hot sellers throughout the 60s. The combinations of template (outline shape), thickness, weight, rocker, rail shape, concaves, convexes, flats and fins vary with the individual surfer's style and size, and continue to be an experiment. To this day, noserider designs continue to be refined.

So far the knowledge bank has established certain principles: Concave under the nose creates an air pocket that helps the nose stay up longer; complementing the concave nose is a kicked up tail that would catch water to keep the tail down. While an accomplished surfer can nose ride a narrow shortboard nose, a wide nose (about 18 to 20 in wide) is considered a better platform for stability and lift. Rail shape can significantly affect the maneuverability from the nose. Rail shapes vary from turned up rails, which are found in most of today's noseriders, to turned down rails. Turned-up rails allow the board to turn easier from the tip, while the turned-down rail forces the board to stay in a trim and limits the turning ability from the tip. Of course, placement of the turned up or turned down rail is important. Turned up rails work best around the nose, while turned down rails work best around the tail. How much turn-down or turn up is measured in percentages, i.e., 70/30 means 70% down and 30% up. Lighter board weights enable the board to stay higher on the water, so it can travel faster and allow the board to respond quicker and a lighter board allows for a thinner board. Single fins are preferred, albeit, fin configurations have a wide open frontier, as are weights and thickness.

Noseriding is achieved mostly when the surfer positions himself and the board where the wave is formed into the most vertical wall, just before the wave breaks. Point Break waves are ideal for noseriding because the wave travels from the point to the cove and gives the surfer a long ride where a "hook" is formed with the most vertical wall that travels down the line, like a zipper, from one end to the other. Immediately after the hook is the white water, where the wave implodes. It is best to avoid the white water but with a noserider surfboard, an accomplished surfer can ride through or maneuver around the imploding wave while remaining on the nose. One of the most difficult noseriding maneuvers is to get tubed while on the tip. It is not impossible to stay on the nose while out on the flat shoulder of the wave either. A noserider surfboard with a deep concave can carry a surfer on a wave that does not have a steep wall. Be prepared to back off the nose in this flat area of the wave because it has the least air traveling under the nose, so riding onto the flat of the wave while on the nose could cause the nose to suddenly dip into the water under the full weight of the surfer.

In 1965, Tom Morey (inventor of the "Morey-Boogie": body board) devised the first professional surf contest around timing nose rides. The "nose" area was defined as the front 25% of the board. While success at this subgenre is grossly measured in proximity to the tip of the board and time spent there, the acknowledged stylists move forward and backward fluidly on the board by cross-stepping or "walking" foot-over-foot and/or shuffling with poise and economy of movement, resolving changes in upward pressure with subtle adjustments to their center of gravity using knees, waist and hips (upper bodies ever quiet) and position on the board; never the arms waving.

title: Nose ride


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Hesperocyparis bakeri

Hesperocyparis bakeri, previously known Cupressus bakeri, with the common names Baker cypress, Modoc cypress, or Siskiyou cypress, is a rare species of western cypress tree endemic to a small area across far northern California and extreme southwestern Oregon, in the western United States.

Description

The evergreen tree has a conic crown, growing to heights of 9 - 25 m, exceptionally to 39 m (130 ft), and a trunk diameter of up to 50 centimeters (20 inches), exceptionally to 1 m (40 in). The bark is thin, red when young, and gray in maturity.

The foliage grows in sparse, very fragrant, usually pendulous sprays, varying from dull gray-green to glaucous blue-green in color. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 millimeters long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots.

The seed cones are globose to oblong, covered in warty resin glands, 10–25 mm long, with 6 or 8 (rarely 4 or 10) scales, green to brown at first, maturing gray or gray-brown about 20–24 months after pollination. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and release pollen in February–March.

Taxonomy
Hesperocyparis bakeri was given its first scientific description and named Cupressus bakeri in 1909 by the botanist Willis Linn Jepson. Jepson changed his mind about this classification in 1923, publishing a description of it as a subspecies named Cupressus macnabiana var. bakeri. Since that time the genus has also changed several times with the most recent being as part of Hesperocyparis.

As of 2024 Hesperocyparis bakeri is listed as the correct classification in Plants of the World Online (POWO), World Flora Online, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database (PLANTS).

Distribution and habitat
The tree grows in limited populations in southwestern Oregon's Josephine and Jackson counties, and slightly more populously in a small section of Northern California within Siskiyou, Modoc, Shasta, Plumas and Tehama counties. It is probably the northernmost cypress.

It is usually found in small, scattered populations, not in large forests, at altitudes of 900 - 2000 m. This includes locales in the Modoc Plateau, southern Cascade Range, Klamath Mountains, and northern Sierra Nevada. It is slow-growing in the wild, and is mostly restricted to sites difficult for plant growth, on serpentine soils and on old lava flows. Its tolerance of these sites enables it to avoid competition from much faster-growing trees. It is found in chaparral and yellow pine forest habitats.

Ecology
The tree's thin bark makes it susceptible to wildfire, exposure to which is required to release the seeds; these then colonize the scorched earth left behind. Fire suppression policies of the past decades have severely limited reproduction of the species. It is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List.

title: Hesperocyparis bakeri


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Tube feet

Tube feet (technically podia) are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, such as the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers; they are more discreet though present on brittle stars, and have only a feeding function in feather stars. They are part of the water vascular system.

Structure and function
Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration. They operate through hydraulic pressure. They are used to pass food to the oral mouth at the center, and can attach to surfaces. The tube feet in a starfish are arranged in grooves along the arms. A starfish that is inverted turns one arm over and attaches it to a solid surface, and levers itself the right way up. Tube feet allow these different types of animals to stick to the ocean floor and move slowly.

Each tube foot consists of two parts: the ampulla and the podium. The ampulla is a water-filled sac contained in the body of the animal that contains both circular muscles and longitudinal muscle. The podium is the tube-shaped structure that protrudes from the body and contains longitudinal muscle only. When the muscles around the ampulla contract, they squeeze water from the ampulla into the connected podium, causing the podium to elongate. When the muscles around the podium contract, they squeeze the water back into the ampulla, causing the podium to contract. The podia use a chemical adhesive (no suction ) to attach to the substratum.

title: Tube feet


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Talk:Vale of Rheidol Railway

Decline of the lead mining industry
Source for the "by the time it was built, there was little lead mining to serve" bit: BBC Wales History Hunters programme; its website doesn't actually go into as much detail as the programme did, but there is a mention of it on http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/historyhunters/locations/pages/2_2_rheidol.shtml

Telsa 13:37, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Infobox Station
For each of the stations it would be be good to add an Infobox station. I thought about infobox uk station but these are not part of the main system in the UK and there for do not relate. Thoughts? Cosnahang (talk) 14:00, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

"Privatised"?
'Privatised' seems an odd description for a railway that was closed for 32 years before re-opening under private ownership. The term 'privatised' normally refers to actively operating facilities which are sold by a government, not those disused and dismantled for 30 years. 87.194.80.255 (talk) 21:07, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It was active, with steam, under BR. Then it was sold into private hands. Andy Dingley (talk) 22:33, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I think you've mis-read the article if you think it was closed. As Andy states above, it was owned and operated by British Rail (a public company) from nationalisation in 1948 until 1989, when it was sold. During that time it was operated by steam - it was steam on the rest of the BR network that finished in 1968. The only part of the line to have closed was the branch to the harbour, though the route into Aberystwyth was diverted in the late 60's/early 70's. —  Tivedshambo   (t/c) 22:47, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Article Update
This article could do with attention to improve it perhaps with a view of getting it to Good Article status. It needs expanding and proper formatting etc and removal of speculation and casual irrelevant details that cannot be backed up by references.

I work for the company so would rather not make the edits myself but would will gladly review.  Willsmith3  (Talk) 23:22, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Glanrafon / Glanyrafon
The original name of this station was Glanrafon however we now know it as Glanyrafon (this is what is on the station running in board) I don't know when the change was made. I'll ask!

 Willsmith3  (Talk) 17:22, 8 January 2012 (UTC) VoR
 * Looking at the latest Quail map, it seems you're right. I'll revert my change and move the station article.  An  optimist on the  run!  17:41, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Intermediate staions
On a similar subject, I see the intermediate station articles all categorise them in Category:Railway stations closed in 1988. Is this correct? I thought they were still in use.  An  optimist on the  run!  17:53, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Yes all stations on the line are indeed open to passengers and tickets can be bought from and to each. They certainly did not close in 1988. I hadn't noticed the category but I suggest it is removed.

 Willsmith3  (Talk) 23:14, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

Llanbadarn
Llanbadarn request stop is listed in the list of stations but is not marked on the schematic. There is an unnamed red spot on the route map which I assume is Llanbadarn. --Roly (talk) 15:19, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I have added Llanbadarn to the schematic where I think it should be. I hope someone will correct it if I'm wrong. --Roly (talk) 16:13, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Light railway?
The Light Railways Act 1896 page lists the Vale of Rheidol railway as a "light railway", but the article here makes no mention of the fact. Is it? As a narrow-gauge railway is it automatically included, or does it fall outside the definition of the act? Moonraker12 (talk) 13:59, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * C C Green's history of the line is entitled The Vale of Rheidol Light Railway, so presumably this is correct. — An  optimist  on the run! (logged on as Pek the Penguin) 14:14, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * One could in theory build a narrow gauge railway as a heavy railway (i.e. not light, and without the limitations of being a light railway), but I can't think of any and I can't imagine why anyone would. It's significantly cheaper, even then, to build and operate as a light railway. For a railway that's not interested in high speeds or high traffic density, there's little disadvantage to it. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:33, 15 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you for those thoughts. It'd seem the VoR is “in”; though I'm still unsure whether "Light Railway" is just a general description of all lines that aren't standard, or whether it only covers those that specifically conform to the 1896 Act. I take your point (Andy) about the purpose of using narrow gauge in the first place (though I'd wonder whether some of these beasts would qualify as “light”: And (though it wasn't a requirement) it seems a number of light railways under the Act were of standard gauge. Anyway, I'm sure the answer will pop up sometime: Regards, Moonraker12 (talk) 12:46, 16 July 2015 (UTC)
 * It varies internationally. If you think the Welsh Garratts are big, look at the really huge ones they left behind in Africa. Although the rail spacing is smaller, there's less difference between their loading gauge and the Stephenson loading gauge throughout the UK than there is between that and the extremities of standard gauge loading gauges in the US.
 * In the UK, it's simple. Railways need an act of parliament. Light railways need a light railway order, which is simpler. A light railway is then constrained by speed limits. A heavy railway must operate to higher standards for signalling and these days for advanced on-board train protection and automatic warning systems (why so few steam locos are currently main line rated). There are even higher standards if it's for passenger use; a real limitation for a much-needed potential commuter railway to Portishead, over a line that was refurbished within the last twenty years, but only to freight standards.
 * It's hard to operate multiple trains on a light railway, as the control systems are usually quite simple with "one engine in steam" being typical. It can be done though, the Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway were running a radio-controlled block system forty years ago, one of the very first.

title: Talk:Vale of Rheidol Railway


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Freeriding (winter sport)

Freeriding is a style of snowboarding or skiing performed on natural, un-groomed terrain, without a set course, goals or rules. It evolved throughout the sport's formative years as a contrary response to the highly regimented style of ski competition prevalent at the time. Snowboarders primarily refer to freeriding as backcountry, sidecountry, or off-piste snowboarding, and sometimes big mountain or extreme riding.

Freeriding incorporates various aspects of riding into a style that adapts to the variations and challenges of natural, off-piste terrain, and eschews man-made features such as jumps, rails, half-pipes, or groomed snow. Freeriding incorporates aspects of other snowsport disciplines such as freestyle and alpine. This provides the necessary flexibility for varied natural terrain. Whereas freestyle snowboarding relies on the use of man-made terrain such as jumps, rails and half-pipes, and alpine snowboarding is done on groomed snow, freeriding utilizes the random flow of natural terrain to perform similar tricks.

Due to their use of backcountry routes, freeriders are (proportionally) much more likely to become a victim of avalanches. One estimate posits that about 80% of all avalanche deaths in the Alps occur among freeride/backcountry riders.

While the term “freeriding” originated in snowboarding, some skiers have adopted it in recent years. For many years, the skiing equivalent of freeriding was known as freeskiing and referred specifically to off-piste skiing. However over the years, especially since the arrival of snowboarding, the term "freeskiing" has come to refer to freestyle skiing. This has left traditional “freeskiers” without a name for their style of skiing, and so some now use the snowboarding term instead. This became somewhat official in 2013, when the “Freeride World Tour” absorbed the “Freeskiing World Tour” into its schedule of competitive events.

Equipment
Freeride snowboarding has devolved a wide range of different snowboards to make best use of varied conditions. Originally freeride snowboards were pretty much what we would now call all-mountain snowboards – which make up a large part of the market as they are the ideal choice for the all-rounder. However, nowadays powder specific snowboards and backcountry snowboards are what you'd expect to find under the 'Freeride' category.

A freeride snowboard usually has a directional shape, a set back stance and a flex pattern with a nose that is softer than the tail, this helps keep the nose out of the snow, with turn initiation and with handling poor snow conditions. Many freeride snowboards incorporate a rocker element in the nose, which is then made extra long beyond the contact points to increase float. They also typically have a wider nose and taper towards the tail again to make riding in powder easier. Some freeride snowboards have a swallow tail shape to allow the back to sink into the snow, and others have pintails which help you transfer faster from edge to edge in deep snow.

Overall a freeride snowboards are usually stiffer tip to tail and edge to edge than freestyle board to ensure a more precise and stable ride. Boots and bindings are also usually stiffer than their freestyle snowboarding counterparts.

Competition
Freeride competitions basically involve negotiating steep natural terrain fluidly in a similar approach to slopestyle competitors in a terrain park. However unlike the freestyle discipline of slopestyle, there are no perfect man-made takeoffs or landings - each individual rider's route varies, and is personally plotted out in pre-run inspections. Constantly changing weather and snow conditions add an extra element to these events, and the unpredictably random aspect of freeride terrain contributes to a high risk of personal injury.

The Freeride World Tour is an annually toured series of events in which the world's best freeriders compete for individual event wins, as well as the overall title of World Champion in their respective genders and disciplines. The first event series under the Freeride World Tour moniker took place in 2008. Prior to that it was known as the Verbier Extreme, originally a snowboard only contest launched in 1996 - with skiers also invited to compete in 2004. For the 2013 season, the Freeride World Tour merged with the Freeskiing World Tour and The North Face Masters of Snowboarding, combining all three tours under one unified global championship series.

From 1995-2001 New Zealand's World Heli Challenge invited international extreme snowboarders and skiers to compete in New Zealand's Mt. Cook National Park. The helicopter-accessed competition occurred over a two-week period to allow for weather and snow conditions. In 2001, the tragedy of the 9/11 terrorist attacks interrupted international sponsorship support leading to an eight-year break. Footage from the previous years events continued to play worldwide. In 2009 the World Heli Challenge resumed and has been running annually ever since.

title: Freeriding (winter sport)


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Tazarotene

Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid. It is primarily used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and acne. Tazarotene is also used as a therapeutic for photoaged and photodamaged skin. It is a member of the acetylenic class of retinoids.

Tazarotene was approved for medical use in 1997 and is available as a generic medication.

Medical uses
Tazarotene is most commonly used topically to treat acne vulgaris and psoriasis. Like other topical retinoids, such as tretinoin and adapalene, tazarotene can be combined with benzoyl peroxide or an oral antibiotic, such as clindamycin or dapsone, for the treatment of acne. This results in increased efficacy compared to tazarotene monotherapy. For psoriasis, a combination therapy of tazarotene and a mid- to high-potency corticosteroid is more effective than either treatment alone.

Tazarotene can also be used for the treatment of photodamaged skin. It can reduce the clinical and histological signs of photodamaged skin. The therapy is more effective when used with the daily application of sunscreen.

Pregnancy
Before 2015, tazarotene was considered a Category X drug (meaning its use was contraindicated during pregnancy) according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, despite demonstrating similar plasma retinoid levels as adapalene and tretinoin, which were classified as Category C drugs. Under the FDA's updated Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule which eliminated the lettered pregnancy categories and came into effect in 2015, tazarotene was determined to be contraindicated in pregnancy. Because of the lack of pregnancy outcomes data for the drug, the determination was based on the teratogenic effects observed in rat and rabbit studies.

Contraindications
Tazarotene is contraindicated for use in patients who are known to be or suspected of being pregnant. Tazarotene is a known teratogen. It is also contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any ingredient in the specific pharmaceutical formulation.

Adverse effects
Adverse effects for tazarotene include skin irritation, such as redness, itchiness, and burning. In patients with psoriasis, these adverse effects can be mitigated by a combined treatment with either mometasone furoate or fluocinonide. These effects tend to be mild to moderate, and increase in intensity as tazarotene concentration increases.

Mechanism of action
Tazarotene is selective for two types of retinoic acid receptors, RAR-γ and RAR-β. Like all retinoids, it affects the ability of keratinocytes in the epidermis to proliferate and differentiate. It does so by upregulating filaggrin expression and downregulating the expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, involucrin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and various keratins.

Pharmacokinetics
More than 99% of tazarotenic acid, the active metabolite of tazarotene, in the blood binds to plasma proteins (the most predominant being albumin). The volume of distribution (VD) for tazarotene is 26.1 L/kg and the VD for tazarotenic acid is 1.97 L/kg. Tazarotene is excreted from the body via feces and urine equally, and it has an elimination half-life of 16 to 18 hours.

Synthesis
Acetylenic retinoid prodrug converted to the active metabolite, tazarotenic acid, with selective affinity for retinoic acid receptors RARβ and RARγ. The formation of the ring system involves first alkylation of the anion from thiophenol with dimethylallyl bromide (1) to give the thioether (2). Friedel-Crafts cyclization of the olefin with the equivalent of PPA then gives the thiopyran (3). Acylation with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride gives the methyl ketone (4). Reaction of the enolate of that ketone with diethyl chlorophosphate gives the enol phosphate 5 as a transient intermediate. This eliminates diethyl phosphite in the presence of excess base to give the corresponding acetylene 6. The anion from the reaction of the acetylene with base is then used to displace chlorine from Ethyl 6-chloronicotinate (7). This reaction affords the coupling product tazarotene (8).

title: Tazarotene


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Hideyuki Kikuchi

Hideyuki Kikuchi (菊地 秀行) is a Japanese author known for his horror novels. His most famous works include the Vampire Hunter D series, Darkside Blues and Wicked City.

Biography
Kikuchi was born in Chōshi, Japan on September 25, 1949. He attended Aoyama Gakuin University and was trained as a writer by famed author Kazuo Koike. His first novel, Demon City Shinjuku, was published in 1982. While his first novels are typical novel prose, as he gained fame, he adapted a more terse writing style.

Kikuchi became close friends with writer and director Yoshiaki Kawajiri during his adaption of Wicked City and the two have since collaborated on Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust and the OVA of Demon City Shinjuku.

Demon City Shinjuku series
The series takes place in a world where Shinjuku has been turned into a city of demons and monsters, and follows a young man named Kyoya Izayoi, user of the mystical art of Nempo, who must discover how the disaster relates to his own family.

 * 1) Demon City Shinjuku (魔界都市＜新宿＞) (published September 30, 1982)
 * 2) Demon Palace Babylon (魔宮バビロン)
 * 3) Trickster Johnny (騙し屋ジョニー)
 * 4) The Fang Family's Hunter (牙一族の狩人)
 * 5) Underground City Shinjuku (地底都市〈新宿)
 * 6) The Legend of the Mad Soldier (狂戦士伝説)
 * 7) Demon Doctor Mephisto (魔界医師メフィスト) (published May 11, 1988)

Demon City Nowaru series
This story follows Fuyuharu Aki, Setsura Aki's cousin.

 * 1) Flattery Goku King (媚獄王)
 * 2) Demon Incense Transcript (魔香録)
 * 3) Evil Moon Mask (兇月面)

Treasure Hunter series
A series of young adult fiction novels (also called the Alien Series for use of "alien" in each title), the story follows a seemingly ordinary high schooler named Dai Yagashira, who journeys around the world collecting rare and supernatural treasures. A member of ITHA (International Treasure Hunters Association) and heir to a family of treasure hunters, Yagashira fights soldiers, private militia, and fellow treasure hunters using both high-tech weapons and powerful artifacts. While the original illustrations were provided by Yoshitaka Amano (with the exception of the illustrations by Masahiro Shibata for “Black Death Empire”), the illustrations in the bound volumes are by Koichiro Yonemura.

 * 1) Alien‐Hidden Treasure Town (エイリアン秘宝街)
 * 2) Alien‐Monster Zone 1 (エイリアン魔獣境1)
 * 3) Alien‐Monster Zone 2 (エイリアン魔獣境2)
 * 4) Alien‐Apocalypse Record (エイリアン黙示録)
 * 5) Alien‐Monster Cat Tale (エイリアン怪猫伝)
 * 6) Alien‐Otherworldly Journey by Sea (エイリアン魔界航路)
 * 7) Alien‐Mystic Mountain Chronicle (エイリアン妖山記)
 * 8) Alien‐Treacherous Sea Tale (エイリアン邪海伝)

 * 1) Alien‐Luoyang Strange Tales (エイリアン京洛異妖編)
 * 2) Alien‐God's Country (first volume) (エイリアン魔神国 上巻)
 * 3) Alien‐God's Country (second volume) (エイリアン魔神国 中巻)
 * 4) Alien‐God's Country (third volume) (エイリアン魔神国 下巻)
 * 5) Alien‐God's Country (Conclusion 1) (エイリアン魔神国 完結編1)
 * 6) Alien‐God's Country (Conclusion 2) (エイリアン魔神国 完結編2)
 * 7) Alien‐God's Country (Conclusion 3) (エイリアン魔神国 完結編3)

 * 1) Alien‐Noble God's Castle (エイリアン蒼血魔城)
 * 2) Alien‐Black Death Empire (first volume) (エイリアン黒死帝国 上巻)
 * 3) Alien‐Black Death Empire (second volume) (エイリアン黒死帝国 下巻)

Others

 * Invader Summer (インベーダー・サマー) (published August 30, 1983 with illustrations by Yoshitaka Amano)
 * A Wind Named Amnesia (風の名はアムネジア) (published October 31, 1983 with illustrations by Yoshitaka Amano)
 * Evil Deity Gourmet (妖神グルメ) (published on June 30, 1984 with illustrations by Yoshitaka Amano, republished in February 2000)
 * Meiji Dorakyuu Den (published in United States as Dark Wars: The Tale of Meiji Dracula)

Invader Summer and A Wind Named Amnesia were republished together in one volume in August 2005, with illustrations by Eiji Kaneda.

Manga

 * Darkside Blues
 * Demon Palace Babylon
 * Vampire Hunter D
 * Taimashin
 * Taimashin - Masatsu Note
 * Masatsu Note Taimashin Toudouhen (sequel to Taimashin - Masatsu Note)
 * Taimashin: Akamushi Masatsukou
 * Shibito no Ken
 * Shin Shibito no Ken (sequel to Shibito no Ken)
 * Makai Toshi Hunter
 * Makai Toshi Hunter Series: Makyuu Babylon (side story)
 * Makai Toshi  (side story)
 * Blue Rescue
 * Alien Hihouden
 * Jashin Sensen Risutora Boy
 * Makai Ishi Mephisto
 * Majin Keiji
 * Makai Gakuen
 * Mokushiroku Senshi
 * Rappa (SASAKURA Kou)

Novelizations

 * Leda: The Fantastic Adventure of Yohko (幻夢戦記レダ Genmu Senki Leda)

Short stories

 * D - Armageddon
 * Portrait of Ixobel
 * D - Village in the Fog
 * D - Castle Dweller
 * D - Night on the Highway
 * A Message from Cecil
 * D - Throng of Heretics

title: Hideyuki Kikuchi


text:
Paolo Villaggio

Paolo Villaggio (30 December 1932 — 3 July 2017) was an Italian actor, writer, director and comedian. He is noted for the characters he created with paradoxical and grotesque characteristics: Professor Kranz, the ultra-timid Giandomenico Fracchia, and the obsequious and meek accountant Ugo Fantozzi, perhaps the favourite character in Italian comedy. He wrote several books, usually of satirical character. He also acted in dramatic roles, and appeared in several movies.

Early life
Paolo Villaggio was born in Genoa, to Ettore Villaggio (1905–1992), a surveyor originally from Palermo, and Maria, originally from Venice, a German-language teacher. Paolo had a twin brother, Piero, who taught at the University of Pisa.

From there, Villaggio was hired for the TV programme Quelli della domenica (The Sunday guys), in which Fantozzi made his first appearance, introduced his characters, the aggressive "Professor Kranz" and the hypocritical "Giandomenico Fracchia".

Awards
He received several cinema awards, including the David di Donatello (1990), the Nastro d'Argento (1992) and the Golden Lion for his entire career (1992).

Fantozzi
After his television experience, Villaggio started writing, for the magazines L'Espresso and L'Europeo, short stories featuring accountant Ugo Fantozzi, a man with a weak character, dogged by misfortune and by the "mega-director" of the "mega-company" where he works. In 1971, the publishing house Rizzoli released the book Fantozzi, a collection of these stories, which sold over a million copies, followed soon by the sequel Il secondo tragico libro di Fantozzi.

The first book received the Gogol Prize in Moscow and led to his 1975 appearance in the film Fantozzi, directed by Luciano Salce. The film's success led to a sequel, Il secondo tragico Fantozzi, with the same director in the following year, in which Fantozzi delivered his most famous line: "Per me... La corazzata Kotiomkin [sic] ... è una cagata pazzesca!!!", or roughly "As I see it... Battleship Kotiomkin  [sic]... is an unbelievable load of crap!!!".

Six sequel books were then released, with the last one published in 2012. Seven other films followed, which ended in 1999, but were often much less based on the short stories and the books.

Other films
Villaggio played in numerous comedies. He was directed by Federico Fellini (La voce della luna, 1990, with Roberto Benigni), Lina Wertmüller (Io speriamo che me la cavo, 1992), by Ermanno Olmi (The Secret of the Old Woods, 1993), by Mario Monicelli (Cari fottutissimi amici, 1994), and by Gabriele Salvatores (Denti, 2000).

Villaggio continued writing while acting in films. He moved to the Mondadori publishing house in 1994. He published Fantozzi saluta e se ne va (1994–1995; "Fantozzi Says Goodbye and Leaves"), Vita morte e miracoli di un pezzo di merda ("Life, Death and Miracles of a Piece of Shit", 2002), 7 grammi in 70 anni ("7 Grammes in 70 Years", 2003) and his latest, Sono incazzato come una belva ("I'm Fucking Mad as a Beast") in 2004.

He also acted in stage plays, playing Arpagone in L'Avare of Molière in 1996. In 1996 he conducted the satirical news bulletin Striscia la notizia (broadcast on Canale 5), together with Massimo Boldi. More recently, he participated in the television fiction Carabinieri, in which he played the role of a tramp who often helped the police to solve crimes. Villaggio was also a lyricist. With fellow Genoan Fabrizio De André, he wrote two songs, "Carlo Martello torna dalla battaglia di Poitiers" ("Charles Martel returning from the Battle of Poitiers") and "Il fannullone" ("The Loafer").

Death
Villaggio died on 3 July 2017 from complications of diabetes in Rome at the age of 84.

Films

 * I quattro del pater noster (1969)
 * Pensando a te (1969)
 * Il terribile ispettore (1969)
 * Eat It (1969)
 * Brancaleone at the Crusades (1970)
 * Without Family (1972)
 * Beati i ricchi (1972)
 * What Am I Doing in the Middle of a Revolution? (1972)
 * La torta in cielo (1973)
 * Don't Touch the White Woman! (1974)
 * Sistemo l'America e torno (1974)
 * Alla mia cara mamma nel giorno del suo compleanno (1974)
 * La mazurka del barone, della santa e del fico fiorone (1975)
 * Fantozzi (1975)
 * Di che segno sei? (1975)
 * Il secondo tragico Fantozzi (1976)
 * Goodnight, Ladies and Gentlemen (1976)
 * Mr. Robinson (1976)
 * Strage Occasion (1976)
 * Three Tigers Against Three Tigers (1977)
 * Il... Belpaese (1977)
 * Io tigro, tu tigri, egli tigra (1978)
 * Where Are You Going on Holiday? (1978)
 * Quando c'era lui... caro lei! (1978)
 * Professor Kranz tedesco di Germania (1978)
 * Dr. Jekyll Likes Them Hot (1979)
 * The Precarious Bank Teller (1979)
 * La locandiera (1980)
 * Fantozzi contro tutti (1980; also director)
 * Il turno (1981)
 * Fracchia la belva umana (1981)
 * Sogni mostruosamente proibiti (1983)
 * Bonnie and Clyde Italian Style (1983)
 * Pappa e ciccia (1982)
 * Fantozzi subisce ancora (1983)
 * A tu per tu (1984)
 * Sogni e bisogni (1984, TV Mini-Series)
 * I pompieri (1985)
 * Fracchia contro Dracula (1985)
 * Scuola di ladri (1986)
 * Grandi magazzini (1986)
 * Superfantozzi (1986)
 * Rimini Rimini (1987)
 * Missione eroica – I pompieri 2 (1987)
 * Scuola di ladri - Parte seconda (1987)
 * Roba da ricchi (1987)
 * Come è dura l'avventura (1987)
 * Il volpone (1988)
 * Fantozzi va in pensione (1988)
 * I Won the New Year's Lottery (1989)
 * The Voice of the Moon (1990)
 * Le comiche (1990)
 * Fantozzi alla riscossa (1990)
 * Le comiche 2 (1992)
 * Ciao, Professore! (1992)
 * The Secret of the Old Woods (1993)
 * Fantozzi in paradiso (1993)
 * Le nuove comiche (1994)
 * Dear Goddamned Friends (1994)
 * Camerieri (1995)
 * I Don't Speak English (1995)
 * Snowball (1995)
 * Fantozzi - Il ritorno (1996)
 * Banzai (1997)
 * Un bugiardo in paradiso (1998)
 * Per motivi di famiglia (1998)
 * Fantozzi 2000 – La clonazione (1999)
 * Azzurro (2000)
 * Denti (2000)
 * The Apocalypse
 * Heidi (2001)
 * Renzo e Lucia (2004)
 * InvaXön - Alieni in Liguria (2004)
 * Gas (2005)
 * Hermano (2007)
 * Torno a vivere da solo (2008)
 * A Question of the Heart (2009)
 * Generation 1000 Euros (2009)
 * Tutto tutto niente niente (2012)
 * W gli sposi (2018) (final film role; posthumous release)

Theater

 * Avaro, directed by Giorgio Strehler (1996)
 * Delirio di un povero vecchio (2000–2001)
 * Vita, morte e miracoli (also directed) (2005–2008)
 * Serata d'addio, directed by Andrea Buscemi (2007–2008)
 * Il profumo delle lucciole (also directed) (2009–2011)
 * A ruota libera (also directed) (2010–2011)
 * La Corazzata Potëmkin (2012)

Awards

 * David di Donatello for Best Actor The Voice of the Moon (1990)
 * Golden Lion Honorary Award (1992)
 * Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor, The Secret of the Old Woods (1994)
 * Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic from Presidency of the Ministry Council (2 June 1995)
 * Leopard of Honour (2000)
 * Honorary David di Donatello Award (2009)
 * Premio Grock from Città di Imperia (2011)

title: Paolo Villaggio


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Cheng Fei

Cheng Fei (born May 29, 1988) is a Chinese retired artistic gymnast. She is a three-time World Champion on the vault (2005–2007) and 2006 World Champion on floor exercise. She was a member of the gold medal-winning Chinese teams for the 2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Aarhus, Denmark and 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China. She was also a member of the silver medal-winning Chinese team for the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Stuttgart, Germany.

Biography
Cheng Fei was born in central China's Hubei Province to a father who was a shipping clerk and a mother who worked in a tire factory, not a very wealthy background. Indeed, said her mother, "Our family was poor so we hoped Cheng Fei could in some way change her life...we thought maybe being a professional athlete is good for her." And so her parents approached a gymnastics coach about training her by the time she was three and her father practiced calisthenics with her every morning before school. By the age of five, Cheng won her first competitive medal at a local competition. The 7-year-old Cheng was sent to Wuhan, where she joined the Wuhan Institute of Physical Education and officially entered the national sports program. Her first coach, Yao Juying remembered her as being uniquely 'hard-working' and extraordinarily focused. At ten, she was invited to join the Hubei provincial team. In late 2001, at the age of 13, she was accepted to the Chinese National Team. Her coaches are head coach Lu Shanzhen, and Liu Qun Lin.

Cheng Fei is well known in the sporting world for being highly consistent, powerful and elegant, as well as displaying a fine level of sportsmanship. Sandra Izbașa, 2008 Olympic Floor Champion has described her as a perfectionist, a great sport and a good friend. Shawn Johnson, 2008 Olympic Beam Champion, was also quoted to have called Cheng Fei 'inspirational' and 'a great competitor'. Cheng Fei's leadership abilities are of paramount importance to the Chinese Women's Gymnastics Team.

She retired in June 2012 due to a ruptured Achilles tendon while performing a tumbling pass on the floor.

Competitive history
Cheng Fei is a vaulting and floor exercise specialist. She has had national success in gymnastics as a two-time Chinese National Floor Exercise Champion (2004–2005), a two-time Chinese National Vault medalist (2003 and 2005) and the 2004 Chinese National Balance Beam Champion.

Internationally, she has been very successful as well. She competed with the Chinese team at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece and although the team did not medal, she performed very well, scoring 9.475 on vault and 9.662 on floor. She also qualified for and competed in the floor exercise final, finishing 4th with a score of 9.412. She was the bronze medalist at the 2004 World Cup Final on floor exercise.

On 23 November 2005 Cheng made history at the 2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Melbourne, Australia, for being the first gymnast ever to successfully perform one of the most difficult vaults ever attempted by a woman. The vault consisting of: a round-off onto the springboard, a half-turn onto the vaulting horse and a 1½ somersault with a 540-degree turn in a straight body position, is now officially recognized in the FIG Code of Points as "The Cheng" which carries a D-score of 6.5 under the 2009 Code of Points. During Event Finals on vault in Melbourne, Cheng scored 9.725 in her first vault (S.V: 10.0) and 9.587 in her second vault (S.V: 10.0), the "Cheng".

At the 2006 World Championships in Aarhus, Denmark, she competed on vault and floor exercise, qualifying in first position for both event finals. Her performances on those two pieces of apparatus were instrumental in securing victory for China in the team championship, but they also earned her the individual vault and floor exercise world titles. Cheng also won the gold medal on the vault at the 2006 World Cup Final in São Paulo, Brazil.

In 2007 Cheng began the year by winning the vault, balance beam and floor exercise titles at a World Cup event in Maribor, Slovenia. She was undefeated on vaulting and floor exercise in 2007 until the 2007 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. At those championships, Cheng was recognized as the leader for the Chinese women's team and though Cheng won her third World title on the vault, she made a serious error on the vault during the team championship where the Chinese team finished 2nd. She went on to finish 5th on floor exercise, with a score of 15.050, after stepping out of the bounds with both feet in her final tumbling series.

Cheng fulfilled her goal of competing at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China as the captain to the Chinese team. In the qualification, Cheng competed on three events, placing first on both vault and floor exercise, and fifth on balance beam. She was one of three female gymnasts to have entered 3 Olympic Event Finals in those Games, along with Nastia Liukin and Anna Pavlova. In the team final, She led the team to win China's first-ever women's gymnastics Olympic team gold medal in history. Individually, she won a bronze medal on vault (even after falling on her own "Cheng Fei vault"). She got 16.075 and 15.025 on her saltos. She won another bronze medal on balance beam (15.950) and placing 7th in the floor exercise event final (14.550), after an uncharacteristic fall. Cheng cried after the unfortunate vault and floor finals. After the Olympics, she said that she cried about her failure to capture the two gold medals she wanted most until she could cry no more. However, she received great support from both her fellow countrymen and the international gymnastics community, who acknowledged her talents and abilities as an exceptional gymnast. In a show of respect she gave the winner of the balance beam final Shawn Johnson of United States a small box with silk inside it. After the Olympic Games, she competed in various competitions. She won three gold medals on vault, floor exercise and balance beam at the DTG World Cup in Stuttgart. Her last 2008 competition was the 14th Artistic Gymnastics World Cup in Madrid where she won two gold medals on vault and floor exercise.

In 2009, she competed at the 25th Universiade in Belgrade and won a team gold medal and a Silver medal on Vault.

After a near two-year off from competitions due to a leg injury, she competed in the 2011 Chinese National Championships in May on vault and floor Exercise. She led the qualifications on vault and finished 2nd in the final. She announced her intention to compete in the University Games in August, but was reported to be suffering from leg injury again and retreated from the competition.

In April 2012, Cheng competed at the Zibo World Cup in her home country, qualifying second into the vault final behind the Dominican Republic's Yamilet Peña Abreu. She intended to compete floor as well, but withdrew prior to the qualifying round. Cheng won the gold medal in the vault final.

Cheng injured her Achilles tendon in June 2012, taking her out of the running for the 2012 Chinese Olympic Team. In June 2012, she announced her retirement from elite artistic gymnastics, trying to switch from being an elite gymnast to a gymnastics coach.

Eponymous skill
Cheng has one eponymous skill listed in the Code of Points.

Competitive Routines
As of 2008, Cheng Fei performed the following skills on these apparatuses:

Floor music

 * 2003: Lord of the Dance from Riverdance
 * 2004: Variations from Don Quixote
 * 2005–2007: Mas Zarzuela
 * 2008: Yellow River Concerto

title: Cheng Fei


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List of mayors of Newport News, Virginia

This is a list of people who have served as mayor of the city of Newport News, Virginia.


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Braddell MRT station

Braddell MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station located on the North South line (NSL) in Toa Payoh, Singapore. Unlike the other stations on the NSL (apart from Canberra station), the station has side platforms due to engineering constraints. Located underneath the traffic junction of Lorong 1 Toa Payoh and Lorong 2 Toa Payoh, Braddell station primarily serves the estates in the northern part of Toa Payoh New Town.

Opened on 7 November 1987, Braddell station is one of the first five MRT stations on the network.

History
When the MRT system was under planning since 1981, MRTC tried to design the track system and position in order to enable the station to have a common platform, like in the mainstream MRT stations. However, the closely built HDB Blocks in Toa Payoh estate meant that the MRT system tunnels had to be constructed directly under Lorong 2 Toa Payoh, following the bend of the road, in the area between Lorong 1 Toa Payoh and Toa Payoh MRT Station. The result made it impossible for tracks to diverge at a common platform station, as the angle Southbound trains would turn when approaching and leaving the station would be too great. Additionally, it would be unfeasible to change the position of the station, because moving it south would render it too close to Toa Payoh MRT station, while moving it north would be impossible because of surrounding HDB blocks and JTC Flatted factories. It was thus built with side platforms unlike other NSL stations. Construction of this station was awarded to Singapore Belgium Contractors Limited under Contract 103A on 7 April 1984. To facilitate the construction, two of the six lanes at Toa Payoh Lorong 1 and 2, were temporarily closed from February 1985 to February 1986. Braddell was among the first of five stations opened for operation on 7 November 1987.

Incidents
On 7 October 2017, water got into a section of the tunnel between Bishan and Braddell MRT stations during a heavy downpour in the afternoon, which disrupted train services along 13 stations on the North South line for several hours. This case of water entering MRT tunnels is believed to be the first time it has affected train service along the NSL. Separately, at about 5.55pm, a small fire was spotted trackside in the tunnel between the Marina Bay and Raffles Place stations, but it had died down by itself. It is not clear if it is linked to the flood, although electrical short circuits caused by water had sparked tunnel fires before. Train services between Marina South Pier and Newton were restored on the day itself at about 9.20pm. Train services between Newton and Ang Mo Kio were fully resumed at 1.36pm the following day after overnight efforts to clear the water in the tunnel, after nearly 21 hours of service disruption, being one of the worst disruptions in SMRT Trains Ltd's history. It was revealed that the overflowing in the tunnel was caused by a malfunction in the water pumping system, which has since been repaired.

title: Braddell MRT station


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English Bay, Vancouver

English Bay is an open bay northwest of the Burrard Peninsula in British Columbia, Canada, extending from the headland between Siwash Rock and Prospect Point on Vancouver's Downtown peninsula in the northeast, to the northwestern tip of Point Grey in the southwest. The bay encompasses the coasts of Stanley Park, the West End, Kitsilano, West Point Grey and the University Endowment Lands, and makes up the southeastern portion of the outer Burrard Inlet. There is a narrow inlet named False Creek at its eastern end.

Attractions
English Bay Beach, near the city's West End residential neighbourhood, is a popular sunbathing, swimming, and sunset-watching beach in the downtown Vancouver area. Other downtown beaches facing English Bay include Sunset Beach, Second Beach, and Third Beach. Along the south shore of the bay lie Kitsilano Beach, Jericho Beach, Locarno Beach, and the Spanish Banks beaches, while on the North Shore are Ambleside Beach and various smaller cove-beaches in the city of West Vancouver. The beaches facing English Bay are a major tourist attraction all year long, with the peak season being late summer.

The Vancouver Seawall runs all the way around English Bay from Stanley Park in the northeast around False Creek at Point Grey facing the Strait of Georgia in the southwest. This is a favourite destination for walkers, runners, bicyclists, and roller-bladers. (Note: the Seawall is one-way for cyclists and roller-bladers, running counter-clockwise from just east of the Lions Gate Bridge to Third Beach.)

English Bay Beach is host to a number of public events. The Celebration of Light is a fireworks competition that is held for two weeks every summer (usually the last week in July and first week in August). While this competition often struggles to secure funding, it has successfully run since 1990 and is the largest off-shore fireworks display in the world. Each winter it is the host of Vancouvers' annual Polar Bear Swim and each summer the Vancouver Pride Parade and Festival is held on English Bay Beach.

History
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, English Bay Beach was home to Vancouver's first official lifeguard, the legendary Joe Fortes, who taught hundreds of the city's early residents how to swim, and patrolled the beach from his cabin on its shore. Today, the waters of the bay are often dotted with hundreds of small pleasure boats, as well as huge freighters waiting at anchor to load cargoes at Vancouver's port.

The beach was the site of an oil spill on April 8, 2015. The official cause of the spill has not been confirmed, but at least 2700 L of "bunker fuel" are known to have escaped from a cargo ship into the bay. The highly toxic oil later washed up on nearby beaches, creating a slick 15 - 20 cm thick. At least twenty seabirds were injured or affected by the spill, but the full extent of any environmental and economic damage is unknown at this early stage. The federal government was criticized for its response to the spill, including the delay in notifying the public of the health hazard, by the mayor and premier, environmental scientists, and an international shipping expert. Coast Guard officials defended the response, with regional director Assistant Commissioner Roger Girouard saying, "it was exceptional".

The beaches were tested and most were reopened following a ten-day closure. While the water and soil at most of the beaches tested was found not to have harmful levels of oil present, the government cautioned that "small amounts" of oil may remain, and urged people to be aware of the possible hazard and avoid contact with any oil. The reopened beaches will continue to be tested and the need for further cleanup assessed as needed.

title: English Bay, Vancouver


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Talk:Payne Whitney House

Building name
Does this building have a name? — Fingers-of-Pyrex 13:42, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Payne Whitney House


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Music from "The Elder"

Music from "The Elder" is the ninth studio album by American rock band Kiss, released on the Casablanca Records label in 1981. The album marked a substantial departure from their previous output with the concept and orchestral elements. Music from "The Elder" was the first album with the drummer Eric Carr and the last album to feature guitarist Ace Frehley until their 1996 reunion.

Due to poor sales, Kiss did not embark on a supporting tour for the first time in its eight-year history, opting instead to make a handful of promotional appearances.

While the single "A World Without Heroes" was later performed on the band's 1995 MTV Unplugged appearance, Kiss has largely avoided live performances of songs from the album following initial promotional appearances in 1981. Critical reception for the album was relatively kind on release, but the album proved to be a commercial failure and was for a long time largely unpopular with the involved parties, label and musicians alike, as well as critics, even considering it to be one of the worst albums ever made. Nevertheless, it has garnered some positive reappraisal in recent years, with some critics admitting the record had its issues, but that it was still a concept album worthy of note.

Background
Kiss was in the midst of a transitional phase as the 1980s began. Drummer Peter Criss was not involved in the recording of 1980's Unmasked and he officially left Kiss in May of the same year. His replacement Eric Carr was officially introduced in July. The group had recently embarked on a hugely successful tour of Australia and New Zealand - where the group's popularity was at its peak - in November, but the band's commercial fortunes at home were drastically reduced from the 1975–79 era. Due to the lackluster sales of Unmasked, Kiss toured exclusively outside the US for the first time in their career, except for one concert at the Palladium Theatre in New York City. The overseas tours were well attended, partly because Kiss had rarely ventured abroad and because the more pop-oriented Dynasty and Unmasked albums did better in the European markets than their earlier hard rock albums.

This commercial downturn in the US is attributable to many factors; two of the biggest being the softening of Kiss' image in an effort to appeal to a broader fanbase and the softening of their music. Unmasked was a decidedly more pop-oriented effort than earlier albums, and represented a sales drop-off of 65% from 1979's Dynasty. It also became the first Kiss album to fail to achieve platinum status since 1975's Dressed to Kill. The glut of Kiss merchandising that had cropped up in the late 1970s led to a backlash from many fans who felt that Kiss was more concerned with making money than with making good music.

Composition and recording
In an effort to return to their hard rock roots, Kiss began recording music more akin to the hard rock style that launched them to popularity in the mid-1970s. The fall 1980 issue of the Kiss Army Newsletter hinted at the style the new album was to take: "It will be hard and heavy from start to finish, straight-on rock and roll that will knock your socks off." Early titles proposed for the album were "Disguise the Limit", "All American Guise", "Ear Openers", "In the Flesh", and "Higher Ground" according to a Casablanca Records memo.

At the same time, Gene Simmons, Paul Stanley, and creative manager Bill Aucoin felt that just returning to a harder sound was not enough. They believed that only a bold, artistic statement would regenerate public interest in Kiss. To that end, they enlisted producer Bob Ezrin to work with the group. Ezrin had worked with the group before, producing the group's hit 1976 album Destroyer. He had also co-produced Pink Floyd's 1979 concept album The Wall. Simmons, Stanley, and Aucoin felt that Ezrin could help bring their ambitions to fruition. The band and the producer decided to develop a full concept album from a fantasy short story conceived by Simmons, imagining it as a soundtrack for a blockbuster movie. According to Simmons, a movie deal was actually in the works and casting had begun, but the film ended up in development hell.

Recording sessions for the album commenced in March 1981 at Ace Frehley's home recording studio in Wilton, Connecticut and went on at Ezrin's farmstead near Toronto, Canada. During the recording, Ezrin and Kiss worked in complete secrecy and no one other than them ever heard the album in progress. Ezrin, in particular, had insisted that he would only communicate with Kiss or Aucoin. Members from the American Symphony Orchestra and St. Robert's Choir arranged by Michael Kamen were employed to add an orchestral sound to the tracks.

Frehley did not accompany the band to the Canadian recording sessions and became increasingly frustrated, as he disagreed with the group's decision to abandon their original plan to record a straight rock album. Additionally, a number of guitar solos he recorded were not included in the final cut. Frehley resented what he felt was Simmons' and Stanley's domination of the recording sessions and was often outvoted 2–1 on band decisions after Criss' departure, as Carr was not a partner in Kiss as the other three members were, but rather an employee. This was the last album to feature Frehley until their 1996 reunion Alive/Worldwide Tour, apart from appearing on the cover of the compilation album Killers and the next album Creatures of the Night and a handful of promotional appearances with the band until late 1982.

Story
The basic plot of "The Elder" involves the recruitment and training of a young hero (The Boy) by the Council of Elders who belong to the Order of the Rose, a mysterious group dedicated to combating evil. The Boy is guided by an elderly caretaker named Morpheus. The album's lyrics describe the boy's feelings during his journey and training, as he overcomes his early doubts to become confident and self-assured. The only spoken dialogue is at the end of the last track, "I". During the passage, Morpheus proclaims to the Elders that The Boy is ready to undertake his odyssey. "The Elder are a life-form without body", Simmons explained, "they are benevolent, but committed to the balance of opposites. And when darkness gets too strong, a hero is born to restore the balance." A number of narrative passages were cut from the final version of the album. These passages were meant to provide details of the story, and to act as transitional elements between songs.

Songs
A heavy metal track written by Ezrin, Stanley and actor/songwriter Tony Powers that opened the original version of the album, many parts of the song also feature Stanley singing in falsetto, a vocal technique he utilized on several of the album's tracks. Stanley played lead and rhythm guitars, while Frehley played bass.
 * "The Oath"

"Dark Light", written by Frehley with Anton Fig, Simmons and Lou Reed, was based on a guitar riff composed by Fig. When it was originally recorded as a pre-Music from "The Elder" demo, the title was "Don't Run". It is the only song Frehley sings on the album.
 * "Dark Light"

The lone American single from the album was originally a Stanley song entitled "Every Little Bit of Your Heart". The name was changed when it was decided to record Music from "The Elder" as a concept album. Lou Reed wrote the lyric "a world without heroes is like a world without sun". Simmons and Ezrin are also credited for the song." The video for the song (from Gowers, Fields, Flattery) was the first Kiss video played by MTV. "A World Without Heroes" and "I" are the only songs on the album where Frehley does not play. The song was covered by Cher on her album Love Hurts and by the heavy metal band Witherscape on the EP The New Tomorrow.
 * "A World Without Heroes"

An instrumental track written and performed by Frehley, Carr and Ezrin. Frehley recounted the recording of this song in a 2016 interview with The Pods & Sods Network.
 * "Escape from the Island"

Songs that were demoed but did not end up on the album include "Deadly Weapon" (Simmons recycled the title for a different song on the Asylum album), "Nowhere to Run" (re-recorded for Killers), "Feel Like Heaven" (covered by Peter Criss on Let Me Rock You), "Heaven" (became "Breakout" on Frehley's Comet's first album and "Carr Jam 81" on Revenge), "It's My Life" (covered by Wendy O. Williams and later on The Box Set) and a few instrumentals known only by their bootleg names "Kix Are for Kids", "The Difference Between Men and Boys" and "Council of the Elder". The original demos for "Deadly Weapon", "Feel Like Heaven" and "Nowhere to Run" were included on the 2022 deluxe re-release of the Creatures of the Night album.

Artwork
The original vinyl release was a gatefold sleeve. This was the first Kiss album to feature no image of the group, not even the customary front-cover appearance. According to one story, the hand reaching for the door knocker is not that of Stanley: Aucoin has stated that it belongs to a hand model, hired for the shoot; however, in 2011 a photo surfaced from the album cover shoot showing a partially naked-faced Stanley with his hand on the door knocker. The door itself was long rumored to be located at the Park Ave United Methodist Church on Park Avenue, New York City, but was actually a prop created for the shoot. The photo session displayed a change of image: the costumes were more streamlined, especially when compared with the costumes for Unmasked, as were the hairstyles of Stanley and Simmons in particular.

Release and promotion
The version of Music from "The Elder" released in the US, Europe and Brazil contained a different song order than the one originally intended. This order was chosen in order to emphasize "The Oath" and "A World Without Heroes" as potential singles, as the two songs started each side of the record. One effect of this alteration in song order was to disrupt the narrative flow of the album's story. "When the album came out, we were embarrassed", said Simmons.

The Japanese pressing of the album contained the intended song sequence, although "Escape from the Island" was excluded from the release and instead included as the B-side of "The Oath" single. This sequence was used (with the inclusion of "Escape from the Island") when Music from "The Elder" was re-released on CD in 1997. In a 2021 interview, band consultant Robert V. Conte discussed how the original sequence was restored. "When it came time to remaster The Elder, I contacted Gene asking for his thoughts about using that version for the CD," Conte recalls. "He was all for it but one track, 'Escape from the Island' was not on the imported version. Ay, caramba! We could not find any production notes in the PolyGram files about where it belonged on that particular sequence so, with The Demon's blessing, the track was added, the original sequence was restored, and the 1997 CD and cassette became the most complete versions of The Elder to date!"

Although budgets were prepared for a tour, none was undertaken. The only public appearances the band made in conjunction with the album were a January 15, 1982, appearance on the late-night variety show Fridays, where they performed "A World Without Heroes", "I" and "The Oath", Solid Gold ("A World Without Heroes" and "I"), and a January 28 lip synched performance of "I" from Studio 54, broadcast via satellite to the Sanremo Festival in Italy. Frehley was absent for the Studio 54 appearance, so the group performed as a trio.

Reception
When Kiss premiered Music from "The Elder" for their management and record company in October 1981, the reaction was a mixture of confusion and resentment. Business manager Howard Marks refused to allow his company's name to appear in the liner notes. Fan reaction was equally harsh, while critical reaction was comparatively positive. "A surprisingly good attempt by Kiss to edge forward…" wrote Fred Dellar in Hi-Fi News & Record Review. "The mix of familiar HM riffs and well-honed harmony vocals sometimes throw up images of Queen. Which is not at all a bad thing."

But while reviews like the one printed by Rolling Stone were kinder than past judgments, the album disappeared from the US chart by February 1982. Q ranked Music From "The Elder" 44th in their list of The 50 Worst Albums Ever. The same magazine ranked the album 6th in their list of 15 Albums Where Great Rock Acts Lost the Plot.

Most participants in the album subsequently said that it was a major misstep. Ezrin, despite his recent success with the even more ambitious The Wall, admitted that his judgments concerning Music from "The Elder" were clouded due in large part to a cocaine addiction at the time. Stanley and Simmons admit that they were "delusional" concerning the project, while Frehley stated that he felt that it was not a good idea to begin with.

Accolades
Despite the general negative feelings toward this album, it has garnered some occasional praise in recent years. In 2011, Spanish authors Alberto Díaz and Xavi Martínez included it in their book Concept albums: 150 essential releases. Also in 2011, the American website Guitar World mentioned the album among their 50 Great Albums Celebrating Their 30th Anniversary in 2011 while the Brazilian magazine Roadie Crew did likewise in a list of The 81 Greatest Albums of 1981. Roadie Crew would later, in 2017, rank it among their greatest 40 concept albums ever, at #22. In 2016, Classic Rock ranked the album among a list of The 20 Most Underrated Classic Rock Albums Ever, calling the album "anomalous" but stating that it "nonetheless has much to recommend it". In 2018, the French edition of the Rock Hard magazine included it in the Volume 2 of its "ideal metaltheque", in the concept albums category.

Track listing
All credits adapted from the original releases.

Personnel

 * Kiss
 * Paul Stanley – vocals, rhythm guitar, all guitars on "The Oath", guitar solo on "Just a Boy" and "A World Without Heroes"
 * Gene Simmons – vocals, bass, rhythm guitar on "Only You"
 * Ace Frehley – vocals, lead guitar, bass on "Under the Rose", "Dark Light" and "The Oath"
 * Eric Carr – drums, percussion, acoustic guitar on "Under the Rose", backing vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Bob Ezrin – producer, keyboards, bass on "Escape from the Island", orchestral arrangements
 * Allan Schwartzberg – drums on "Odyssey" and "I", additional overdub
 * Tony Powers – keyboards on "Odyssey"
 * The American Symphony Orchestra
 * St. Robert's Choir
 * Michael Kamen – orchestral arrangements

 * Production
 * Brian Christian – associate producer, engineer
 * Rick Hart, Robert Hrycyna, David Brown – engineers
 * Rob Freeman, Corky Stasiak, Kevin Doyle – additional engineering
 * Tom Laughlin – chief technician
 * Ted Jensen – mastering engineer at Sterling Sound, New York

Releases

 * Casablanca NBLP-7261 (November 16, 1981): LP
 * Casablanca NBL5-7261 (November 16, 1981): US Cassette
 * Casablanca NBL8-7261 (November 16, 1981): US 8-track
 * PolyGram 824-153-2 (May 23, 1989): 1st US CD release
 * Mercury 314 532 390-2 (October 7, 1997): Remastered CD

title: Music from "The Elder"