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Talk:Dole plc

Key people update
Hi editors, my name is William and I work for Dole plc. I'm hoping to make some updates to the article and wanted to start by updating the Key people in the infobox, as that is a bit outdated since our merger with Total Produce. Dole's CEO is Rory Byrne, its executive chairman is Carl McCann, and its COO is Johan Linden. That's covered in this article. I also made a citation to ease things along. Is it possible for someone to make that update? I won't make any changes myself due to my conflict of interest. Thanks in advance for your consideration. 14:15, 15 September 2022 (UTC) WG at Dole (talk) 14:15, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

✅ - please check this edit for accuracy and current status. Is there any WP:RS source giving the corporate involvement (if still applicable) and life status of David Murdock? Zefr (talk) 17:39, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I did find this Reuters report, indicating that Murdock - at age 98 in 2021 when the Total Produce merger occurred - holds no corporate or board position in the new company. This 2021 SEC filing for Dole plc shows that Murdock has nearly 12 million common shares of the company owned through his controlled interests in a family trust, a family group, and Castle & Cooke for which Murdock is the principal owner. Zefr (talk) 18:15, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

 * , thanks so much for the quick response. The edits to the key people look good. However, some of the product line is not correct. Dole sold its packaged food division, which includes juices manufactured by Pepsico and frozen fruits, to Itochu in 2012. That's covered in this Reuters article and this Wall Street Journal article. Those products still use the Dole brand, but are not produced by Dole plc.

 * I'm putting the final touches on a draft I hope to upload soon of the article that has up-to-date product information, as well as some updated information about the merger with Total Produce, sale of the packaged foods division, and sourcing with updated financial, employment, and asset numbers based on Dole's SEC filings, which I believe are a bit more detailed than the Yahoo! profile. I'm just going to try to figure out how to upload our new logo (it's the one with the green outline on this site you added: https://www.doleplc.com/about/our-commercial-strengths) then it will be ready. Because it's a long draft, I'll keep making smaller requests once it's uploaded.

 * As for the status of David Murdock with the company, I haven't come across anything superior to that Reuters article you posted. This article from the Independent Tribune mentions a new building built by Murdock and his role with Castle & Cooke, omitting anything with Dole, but I think it's a press release and even if not, I'm still not sure it really answers your question. He does not hold any corporate/board responsibilities now that the merger has finished as the Reuters report indicated.

 * I hope that is helpful, and thank you again for taking a look at this request! I'll be back soon to update the logo and upload the draft. WG at Dole (talk) 17:48, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Logo update
Hello editors. I'm William and I work for Dole. I was hoping to update the logo in the infobox to the most recent one. I believe I have uploaded everything correctly. The file name is File:Dole Foods Logo Green Leaf with Shadow 2018.png. Please let me know if you have any questions. I won't make this change myself due to my conflict of interest. , you've been so helpful in reviewing my requests, would you consider taking a look at this as well? I'd really appreciate it. WG at Dole (talk) 17:40, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

 * - the file is not present in Wikimedia Commons where licensed images have to be cleared. When I reviewed the file and clicked on "Export to Wikimedia Commons", the following error message appeared: This file cannot be transferred to Wikimedia Commons, because it is not marked with a compatible licence. Wikimedia Commons does not allow such files. This might be resolvable, but most probably means the file is not compatible. Please consult the Wikimedia Commons community policy and talk pages about licensing. You can use your Wikipedia username to enter Commons, and follow the upload wizard and "release rights" procedure, here. Zefr (talk) 18:11, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for replying. I was under the impression that logos should be uploaded directly to Wikipedia for fair use since they are non-free content. Additionally, there is this licensiging tutorial that says Wikimedia Commons cannot accept logos. WG at Dole (talk) 20:31, 23 September 2022 (UTC)
 * - perhaps you could review WP:LOGO for any issues, and - if all is clear - you could upload it yourself, recognizing that "if challenged, it is the responsibility of those who wish to include the logo to prove that its use meets Wikipedia non-free content criteria." Zefr (talk) 03:40, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I certainly appreciate your caution with this, it's something I was concerned about too. That said, I am confident that uploading the logo directly to Wikipedia is the appropriate way to do things and that its usage meets the standards of Fair Use and other requirements of WP:LOGO. However, because of my conflict of interest, I do not want to make the change myself, as I understand that even simple changes like that can cause problems for conflict of interest editors. So to that end, I have reuploaded the logo as it was deleted and pinged as they uploaded the last logo to get their thoughts. Thanks for your thoughts here Zefr and adherence to making sure it is done the right way! I definitely want to make sure I'm following the rules and I really appreciate the way you've talked through this and provided these policy pages. I hope we can continue working together on improvements to the page! WG at Dole (talk) 21:06, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
 * - The appropriate place to upload the logo would indeed be here on Wikipedia. If you have a vector version that can be uploaded over the existing logo, I'd be certainly happy to do that and the housekeeping work associated with it. Connormah (talk) 05:02, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

 * thanks for being willing to help with it! I'm not an expert so I appreciate the time. I was able to track down a new logo in the SVG format and created a new file as I could not upload it over the old one. That new file can be located here here. Please let me know if there's anything else you need from me to make the update and thank you again for your help! WG at Dole (talk) 21:37, 5 October 2022 (UTC)
 * , thanks, that is great! I have replaced the logo in the article and will go about deleting the old version per the WP:NFCC. Connormah (talk) 14:25, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks so much for your help! WG at Dole (talk) 20:31, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

Company overview section
Hello editors, I've got another request to make of the article as I hope to keep proposing updates and improvements to it. I've noticed on other company articles that many of them have Company overview sections that provide basic operational details near the top of the article. I know this article currently has an Operations section (and thank you for your help in updating the leadership there!), but I was wondering what editors thought about replacing that with a Company overview section and moving it up in the article?

I noticed the current section also has some unsourced content, so I tried to make updates to it and shrink it down a bit (and found this cool "collapse" thing!).

I think the revised lede today covers the general article content, and the infobox is sufficient for details that are probably not useful to the general user. See WP:LEAD. There are a few inconsistencies of details between the non-Dole sources and About from the corporate website dated 2022. Without specific checking, I sense some of the sources could be consolidated, so will refer to WG at Dole to guide on how these can be represented. Zefr (talk) 00:03, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

 * thank you for making those updates to the lead! I agree that your changes do a good job of summarizing the article with up-to-date information. As for consolidating the sources, I think the easiest way would be to use the SEC Form 20-F. I've seen lots of SEC forms used on Wikipedia for basic information and reporting requirements for this sort of report are strict, so hopefully it can be used to support this lead more.

 * The SEC form includes such information as:
 * 38,500 employees (p. 25)
 * more than 300 products (p. 28)
 * Distribution in more than 75 countries (p.28; lead currently says 90, though I have not been able to locate a recent source that says the same)
 * Net revenue of $6.45bn in 2021 (p.38)
 * Approximately 250 global facilities (p.24)
 * 13 ships (p.24)
 * 114,000 acres of land (p. 24; lead currently says 109,000 which is production acreage, but Dole actually owns slightly more)
 * Four segments of business operations (p. 25), though this does not show the revenue percentage the segments account for as the Dole website does.

 * There's also a small tweak I'd like to make about Dole Ocean Cargo Express. The 13 ships aren't operated by Dole Ocean Cargo Express. Rather, Dole Ocean Cargo Express fills the ships with third-party cargo that is going to Latin America, and Dole Tropical Products loads the ships with produce coming to the US and EU. Sourcing is pretty limited on this, unfortunately. The best source I could find on it is this one from the Laker/Lutz News, though that article refers to the produce division as "Dole Fresh Fruits." Could we update the lead to reflect that? I have a suggestion below.

 * I'd also note that I don't think it's accurate to say that Dole is an American-Irish company. After the merger with Total Produce last year, the company's main headquarters moved to Ireland, and though it got its start in and maintains a presence in the United States, including a headquarters in North Carolina, the company is now wholly Irish in terms of its incorporation as Dole plc. Most sources refer to the company now as an Irish or Ireland-based company, like Bloomberg ("The Dublin-based company, created through a merger between Dole Food Co. and its Irish peer Total Produce"); Irish Times("as peers of the new Irish company being listed have seen their share price decline in recent weeks."); and the Charlotte Business Journal ("The company to be created, Dole plc, will keep its global headquarters in Dublin and its headquarters for the Americas in Charlotte.")

 * As a final note on the introduction, while it's true that there are Dole-branded juices produced by Pepsico, I'm wondering if that information isn't more appropriate in the Itochu article as that is part of the Dole Packaged Foods division sold to Itochu about a decade ago.

 * So, with all that in mind, a source-condensed version of the lead might look something like this:

Dole plc (previously named Dole Food Company, Standard Fruit Company) is an Irish agricultural multinational corporation headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. The company is among the world's largest producers of fruit and vegetables, operating with 38,500 full-time and seasonal employees who supply more than 300 products in 75 countries. Dole reported 2021 revenues of $6.5 billion.

As of 2021, the company had approximately 250 processing plants and distribution centers worldwide in addition to 109,000 acres of farmland and real estate. The company operates through four segments: Fresh Fruit (bananas and pineapples; about 35% of 2020 revenues); Diversified Fresh Produce in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; Diversified Fresh Produce in the Americas and other world regions (combined 37% of 2020 revenues); and Fresh Vegetables (29% of 2020 revenues). Dole grows and markets bananas, pineapples, grapes, berries, deciduous and citrus fruits, and vegetable salads. Dole operates 13 cargo vessels for importing its produce and exporting third-party goods to Latin America.

 * Please let me know what you think! I'm happy to leave the Operations section where it is, but there are still a couple of things in it I would like to update based on the lead and sourcing (for example, the Headquarters is largely out of date and irrelevant now). I'll make a different post about that once the lead is buttoned up though just so this doesn't get too long. Thanks for your attention on this Zefr! WG at Dole (talk) 20:03, 13 October 2022 (UTC)
 * WG - I used most of your draft, retaining the Yahoo source as easier to navigate for the typical user and the Pepsi collaboration for beverage product identity. Zefr (talk) 23:09, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

 * That looks good to me. Thanks for all the attention you've paid to this. WG at Dole (talk) 22:47, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Company overview
Dole plc is the largest producer of fresh fruits and vegetables in the world. As of 2021, the company had approximately 250 processing plants and distribution centres worldwide in addition to 114,000 acres of farmland and real estate. That year, Dole employed approximately 38,500 people globally and reported revenues of $6.454 billion. After the merger of Total Produce and the Dole Food Company in 2021, Rory Byrne serves as chief executive officer, Carl McCann serves as executive chairman, and Johan Lindén serves as chief operating officer. The company's global headquarters are in Dublin, Ireland, and it maintains a headquarters for the Americas in Charlotte, North Carolina. In addition to its fruit and vegetable divisions, Dole owns a fleet of 13 cargo ships through its logistics division, Dole Ocean Cargo Express.

I think that this proposed paragraph improves the sourcing for that section and helps make the article more accurate by using the most up to date information I could find. I've also got some updates I'd like to propose to the infobox, and the changes here will support making those changes later. Please let me know what you think about adding something like what I've proposed to the article. If any editors are interested in what I hope to achieve with the article, I made a draft, which can be found here.

I want to make sure that I follow all the rules so I won't make any changes myself due to my conflict of interest. Thanks in advance for your consideration! WG at Dole (talk) 20:31, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

History update
Hello editors, I've got another request to make, this time for the History section. I understand that Dole has a complex history, but I believe in my draft, which can be found here, I have captured the nuance of that history and added some important missing information since the merger with Total Produce.

Because the History section is so long in my draft, I'll make my requests in smaller chunks that are hopefully a bit easier to digest.

In general, my thoughts are to organize the section by major milestone periods, essentially "Early history," "Growth" and "Modern day," though I know that Wikipedia likes to see a bit more specificity, so I've added years to the section headers.

All that in mind, I'd like to propose the creation of a new subsection in the History section that details how Dole traces its early history, something like this:

18511900: Early years
Dole plc traces its origins to the foundation of Castle & Cooke in 1851, and Charles McCann's Fish, Fruit and Vegetable Market in the 1850s in Ireland. Castle & Cooke, a sugar and logistics company, was founded in Hawaii by Amos Starr Cooke and Samuel Northrup Castle.

Please let me know what you think! , you've been so kind in reviewing my past requests, would you consider reviewing this one as well? I'd really appreciate it! WG at Dole (talk) 22:51, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I used the whole history draft, with some copyediting, to replace the History section with this edit. I checked most of the sources, which appear to be fine, but these can be further reviewed by other editors, as needed. Zefr (talk) 17:18, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

 * wow, thank you so much for making that big change. I hope reviewing editors will find that the sourcing is pretty rock solid throughout. I tried very hard to stick to mainstream news sources and books.

 * I did have just one tiny note – in the 2000-present section, you had made a small edit that removed the year of Dole's sale of Lanai to Larry Ellison. That changed some of the timing phrasing of the sale of Dole Packaged Foods to Itochu and the company going private. My small suggestion is to change the year of the Itochu sale to 2012, as confirmed by this Reuters article. Could you change the start of that sentence to "In 2012, Dole sold its packaged food…"? That will clear up a timeline issue later.

 * I was also wondering if you'd consider removing the image captioned "Dole pineapples (Philippines)". Though they do bear the Dole brand, those were, at that point, Itochu pineapples, not Dole plc pineapples. Please let me know, and thank you again for reviewing that big section! WG at Dole (talk) 18:30, 19 October 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) I edited the pineapple image caption to say that the pineapples are "Dole-branded", mainly because pineapples are the most familiar and longest-existing fruit brand of Dole (unsourced, but safe to conclude this). Upon both the Itochu and Total Produce deals, the Dole brand was retained for fresh and canned pineapples, so I assumed this was a safe way to identify the image. 2) Although the Itochu deal was announced in the fall of 2012, it did not conclude until April, 2013, which I felt justified in leading the paragraph with "In 2012-13". 3) I believe the sale of Lanai was not actually a Dole deal, but rather one by Murdock (in an undefined combination of personal financing with Castle & Cooke resources), reported here. Mentioning the sale as part of the Itochu deal and refinancing seems outside of the scope of the Dole article, even though it was likely (never described in detail) part of the financing integration and debt resolution between Murdock-C&C-Dole to close with Itochu. Zefr (talk) 19:52, 19 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Good catch on that! I must have grabbed the wrong source from my draft. I think your edit on the image caption makes sense, thank you for doing that.
 * I am more than happy to exclude the bit about the sale of Lanai. It does create a weird issue with the sentence "Murdock also took Dole private again that year." Just for the sake of clarity, can you change that to "Murdock also took Dole private again in 2013"? WG at Dole (talk) 16:27, 20 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Hopefully clarified with this edit. Zefr (talk) 19:24, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

The food safety section is mostly out of date with prior contamination outbreaks any fresh food company would face, and with no balance of positive measures required by the USDA, FDA, and industry quality assurance associations, such as in California where Dole produce is grown. Independent QA sources will be needed to support a more balanced presentation of food safety. Zefr (talk) 19:24, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you, that edit is great, and much better than what I had. I agree with you that the Food safety section could use some work. I will make a separate request for that just to keep everything organized. Thanks for your attention on this. WG at Dole (talk) 22:49, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

Food safety
Hi editors, as Zefr noted, the Food safety section is a bit dated and imbalanced. I drafted a new version of the section that condenses the content, removes some things that use low-quality sourcing (I believe the general rule of thumb is to use the green sources on the reliable sources list for potentially controversial content, right?), and mentions some of the proactive steps Dole took in response to potential outbreaks. I'll post that below.

I spent a significant amount of time searching for content about the food safety steps taken in those green sources, but unfortunately came up with very little. The best thing I have other than some passing mentions of voluntary recalls, which I included in the draft section below, about Dole's efforts to improve food safety internally come from the company's Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability report. The planned efforts are on page 35 and include a strengthening of hygiene standards and use of blockchain product tagging to track potentially problematic produce. Sorry I don't have much that is better than that! I am trying to be extra mindful of my COI, so I am really focusing on those green sources in the reliable sources listand have not included that content. I'll defer to other editors on it.

Products Dole plc makes or grows more than 300 products, including pineapple, bananas, berries, citrus fruits, fresh vegetables, lettuce, and packaged salads.

Food safety

Dole has initiated several recalls of its products and shut down manufacturing facilities for cleaning in response to outbreaks of foodborne illness, primarily related to bagged salads and leafy greens.

2000s

Officials with the Minnesota Department of Health found Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dole bagged lettuce in 2005. The outbreak infected 25 people in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Oregon. The following year, an E. coli outbreak that infected more than 200 people and killed three was traced back to a spinach processor in California which packaged spinach under the Dole brand. Dole initiated a recall of the tainted spinach. In 2007, Dole voluntarily recalled more than 5,000 bags of its "Hearts Delight" salad mix after an inspection by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency found it had been contaminated with E. coli. No illnesses were reported from the contamination.

2010s

Dole recalled its "Seven Lettuces" salads in 2012 after random testing by New York health officials found salmonella in the salads. The same year, the company issued two recalls of its bagged salads due to contamination by Listeria monocytogenes. The company initiated another recall due to contamination by L. monocytogenes in 2014. The following year, Dole recalled bagged spinach due to contamination with salmonella following safety testing conducted by the United States Food and Drug Administration at a plant in Springfield, Ohio.

In 2016, an outbreak of listeriosis tied to the Springfield plant led to the hospitalization of 33 people and four deaths. The plant closed for four months that year, and later reporting revealed Dole knew about the listeria contamination in July 2014, more than a year before the plant's closure. The United States Department of Justice initiated a criminal probe into the issue. Dole settled two civil lawsuits related to the outbreak in 2017.

2020s

In December 2021, Dole recalled 180 varieties of packaged salad due to possible listeria contamination and closed packaging facilities in Yuma, Arizona, and Bessemer City, North Carolina, to sanitize them. The outbreak led to an investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after two people died and 17 became ill.

Zefr, please let me know what you think of this new section. It brings the Products subsection down from Operations, which I think helps with balancing the headings of the sections a bit more, and adds a little content from the lead, but I'm certainly open to other ideas! It also adds a photo of some fresh-cut pineapple that I found on the Commons that is just a good photo. WG at Dole (talk) 22:49, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

 * In this edit, I used most of WG's text and sources to revamp the Products and Food safety sections. Additional independent sources for Dole's safety practices would be useful. Zefr (talk) 19:51, 21 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your attention there. I appreciate the way you added balance to the section with the additional mentions of some of Dole' safety programs. If I come across any other independent sources about Dole's food safety work, I'll be sure to let you know. WG at Dole (talk) 20:43, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Criticism and controversies section
Hello editors, I've got a bit of a tricky request here but I think it makes sense based on Wikipedia policy and general redundancy. I'd like to request the removal of the Criticism and controversies section. The essence of that section has been redistributed in the History section with Zefr's updates, and done so in a way that is more complete and uses better quality sourcing. I believe that Wikipedia policy also supports this position. The NPOV guidelines note that "Segregation of text or other content into different regions or subsections, based solely on the apparent POV of the content itself, may result in an unencyclopedic structure," which I think has happened here. The essay on criticism in articles also notes that, "Often the best approach to incorporating negative criticism into the encyclopedia is to integrate it into the article, in a way that does not disrupt the article's flow". I believe that has been accomplished with the reworked History section. Specific items now covered by the History section include: That does leave a fair bit of content to cut: I thought I'd make all the arguments at once so they can be judged together, but I'm happy to discuss each item individually if editors prefer. Please let me know what you think and I'm happy to answer any questions you may have. As always, I won't make any edits myself because of my conflict of interest. WG at Dole (talk) 20:46, 25 October 2022 (UTC)
 * DBCP lawsuits
 * Wrongful death suit (with the update that the suit was dismissed with prejudice)
 * Frederik Gertten documentaries
 * The content under the Legal cases subheading isn't sourced, and the article linked only links back to the legal case and the case in a book of other legal cases about trade law, so I'm not sure that really qualifies as significant enough to warrant inclusion. However, I am more than happy to defer to other editors and ask that it simply be moved to the appropriate part of the History section if editors feel that is more appropriate.
 * By the time Oxfam made its demands, Dole's Asian fresh produce operations had transferred to Itochu, so that sentence is not relevant to this article.
 * The government of Myanmar's blacklisting was of an Itochu subsidiary, not Dole Food Company or Dole plc, as by that time Dole's Asian operations had been sold to Itochu, so that paragraph is not relevant to this article.
 * I searched for the source of the sentence in the Labeling of genetically engineered foods in California subsection and could not find a version that named Dole as a donor to the political campaign. Perhaps that used to exist, but I even went on archive.org and the oldest snapshot of that article does not mention Dole anywhere. I could not find any other reliable sources that made mention of that donation, so I'd argue that content should be removed for being unsourced.

 * No topic in this section pertains to Dole plc operations. I agree the entire section should be removed. Zefr (talk) 04:34, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your help with this! WG at Dole (talk) 21:13, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

Marketing section
Hello editors, I had another request to make of the article. Some content that has now been removed dealt with some of Dole's marketing campaigns over the years. I think some of those (and some different ones) are notable enough to warrant inclusion in this article, specifically Dole's collaboration with Georgia O'Keeffe in the early 20th century, the development of 5 A Day Adventures in the early 1990s, and Dole's collaboration with Disney, plus a small smattering of others. I have a suggestion for a Marketing section below. I've done my best to stick to only the best sources with it and tried to keep the prose as neutral as possible. Please let me know what you think!

File:5 A Day Adventures Logo.png Early products of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company were not marketed under a particular brand name, often assuming the names of the distributors. In the early 20th century, pineapple was still relatively unknown, and James Dole and other growers mounted an awareness campaign in magazines in what the company now refers to as one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns in the United States. In 1927, the HPC began stamping its cans with the Dole brand name, with numbers to indicate the grade. These stamps ensured the Dole name would still be visible even if the label was changed by a distributor. To further advertise its products, the HPC paid artist Georgia O'Keeffe to come to Hawaii and paint a pair of advertisements for Dole pineapple juice.

Following Castle & Cooke's acquisition of Standard Fruit in 1968, Standard bananas continued to be marketed under the Standard label; however, the company switched the fruit to be marketed under the Dole label in 1972. Dole overhauled its logo in the 1980s, replacing its old red-and-white logo that featured a small pineapple crown over the "o" in Dole with a more stylized logo that changed the "o" to a sunburst. This logo first began appearing in 1984. In 2018, Dole redesigned its logo again, setting sunburst logo inside a leaf shape to "(signify) natural and fresh products," according to Food Business News.

In an attempt to get children to eat more fruits and vegetables, Dole developed the computer game 5 A Day Adventures in 1994. The game was offered to schools at no charge and featured characters such as Bobby Banana and Barney Broccoli that educated players about fruits and vegetables. By 1995, the game was in use in 14,000 schools around the United States.

In 2016, Dole partnered with The Walt Disney Company to market fruits and vegetables branded with Disney, Pixar, Marvel, and Star Wars characters in an effort to get children to eat more produce. The partnership included co-branded recipes to go along with Disney releases, including Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Frozen II.

It will look like there are some citation errors, but those citations are defined in the main article. Zefr, would you have any interest in taking a look at this request? I'd really appreciate it! WG at Dole (talk) 21:13, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * In this edit, I used part of the proposed draft as more history than relevant to current marketing, and selected the existing major partnership arrangements to highlight in a "Comarketing" subsection under Products. I felt some of the proposed marketing efforts were out of date or not relevant to the 2022 Dole products and marketing. Zefr (talk) 16:56, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I can understand where you are coming from. I wanted to be thorough and let the volunteers decide. Thanks for your attention here.

 * One thing I would like to note, though, is that the agreements with Disney and Pepsico (I'd note again that the Pepsico deal is with Itochu, not Dole plc) are licensure deals, not co-marketing. Would you consider changing that phrasing to improve the accuracy in that section? WG at Dole (talk) 18:47, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ - thanks for clarifying. Zefr (talk) 19:02, 9 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you! WG at Dole (talk) 19:17, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Sustainability and philanthropy
Hello editors, I've got another request to add content to the article. I suggest adding small sections on Dole's sustainability and philanthropy efforts. I've done my best to stick to reliable sources, and included one primary source for a basic statement of fact. I suggest something a bit like the following:

Philanthropy Dole partnered with First Lady Michelle Obama's 2010 Let's Move! campaign to install salad bars in school cafeterias in the United States. By 2013, the partnership had created nearly 2,500 salad bars in schools around the country. In 2020, Dole donated more than 2 million pounds of produce to food banks in the United States and Latin America, as well personal protective equipment to Latin American communities, during shortages caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Sustainability In 2014, Dole made investments in the Port of San Diego's shore power infrastructure to reduce exhaust emissions from docked ships. Dole added five electric freight trucks to its fleet at the port in 2022, making 35% of Dole trucks electric. In 2020, Dole launched "The Dole Way" initiative, which laid out food safety, philanthropic, and environmental goals for the company to achieve by 2030.

Please let me know what you think! I will not make this edit myself due to my COI. I really appreciate all the work you've done on this article and responding to my requests. Would you consider reviewing this one as well? I'd appreciate it! WG at Dole (talk) 19:20, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * With respect, WG, the 2013-14 efforts do not apply to the new plc company, and the food donations and sustainability commitment seem nominal in the industry (Del Monte, Chiquita), and would have an air of promotion if used. I'll watch to see how other editors respond. Zefr (talk) 22:11, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree with @Zefr, the 2013-14 efforts were credited to the Dole Food Company (the old US corporation) and not the plc (fka Total Produce) so i think that they should not be added. The general tone of this request is also too promotional to me. Quetstar (talk) 22:54, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * thanks for your responses. Just to be clear, Dole Food Company is what became Dole plc, and so the Port of San Diego and salad bar initiatives very much apply to the plc company. However, I hear what you are saying about the potential to sound promotional and so I will leave it there. Thanks again to you both for the time you spent to review these requests, and Zefr, thanks for all your help here and willingness to review long chunks of text! It was a pleasure. WG at Dole (talk) 23:29, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

Founding date
Any help on what to consider as a corporation's founding date? This page had listed the date in the infobox as June 2023, an obvious mistake. Looking through the history shows what looks like a mistaken reversion to a good-faith error, but back beyond that it seems to have said 1851 for a while. That's the founding date of Castle & Cooke, a company that would eventually buy Dole, but James Dole himself hadn't even been born at that point. Looking at archives of their page, Dole seems once to have claimed 1851 as a founding date, but now says the "foundations" were laid in 1851 and claims no particular date. James Dole established the Hawaiian Pineapple Company (which would later bear his name) in 1901, so that's the date I put in, but this sort of thing seems like as much philosophy as history. Three white leopards (talk) 18:38, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * New talk page topics go to the bottom of the page, WP:TPL.
 * We did a major history revision in Oct 2022 with a Dole employee (WG at Dole who did not edit), shown here, with the founding" as 1851. Technically, Dole was a private division of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company until 1961 when it was split out on its own, with the statement in History/1900–1969: Expansion and acquisition, "The Hawaiian Pineapple Company was renamed the "Dole Company" and became a subsidiary of Castle & Cooke in 1961" - which is likely when consumers first thought of Dole as a company. Until we have a specific source to differ from that version, we should stay with it.
 * Another issue is that the current article is entitled, "Dole plc", a name and new brand that first appeared when Total Produce began acquiring ownership over a 5 year period in 2018, concluding in 2023. Zefr (talk) 21:55, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks! There probably isn't an unambiguous date the company was founded, any more than there's an unambiguous "source of the Nile," but "when did consumers first think of them as a company?" is a pretty good question to help focus the discussion. (Is this the sort of thing that would have a Wikipedia guideline about it somewhere? I looked for one but didn't see anything helpful.) Glad it has a defensible answer now and doesn't say "June 2023" anymore! :) Three white leopards (talk) 22:10, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dole plc


text:
Talk:53rd & 3rd

Untitled
53rd & 3rd was a famous chicken corner. The Ramones have a song about turning tricks there. Lengend has it that in the early days you could actually see Dee Dee Ramone turning tricks there for heroine money.--24.238.50.168 16:14, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Tommy did tricks?
I've always heard the song was about Dee Dee, I seriously doubt that Tommy (who was their first manager) or danny feilds (their second manager ever did tricks anywhere. Also Dee Dee was probably paid in cash which he used to buy heroin. If I don't see a citation in a few days I'll change that part. Lenbrazil

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:53rd & 3rd


text:
Giovanni Battista Lacchini

Giovanni Battista Lacchini (20 May 1884 – 6 January 1967) was an Italian astronomer.

He is primarily noted for his work in the study of variable stars. He published over 100 works, including papers in "Astronomische Nachrichten" and "Memorie della Società astronomica italiana". He was originally a postal worker.

Awards and honors
The Giovanni Battista Lacchini Award is named for him. The Lunar crater Lacchini on the far-side of the Moon and the Mars-crossing asteroid 145962 Lacchini were also named in his honor.

title: Giovanni Battista Lacchini


text:
Talk:His Majesty's Naval Service

History of the term "Her Majesty's Naval Service"
This article uses a reference named "Her Majesty’s Naval Service Eligibility and Guidance Notes" from 2014. It would be good to see the following: 1. Documents prior to 2014 which refer to the verbose phrase of "Her Majesty's Naval Service" Keith H99 (talk) 15:36, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh dear, the editor doesn't know when this occurred either. What a mess Keith H99 (talk) 23:41, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * What does it matter 'when' it came into use? According to the RN, it's in use now . But apparently, it goes as far back as 1844. -  wolf  00:33, 13 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I can't access the document, when is "now" in your source? --84.189.84.17 (talk) 19:24, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * They obviously aren't hosting that document anymore, it couldn't be accessed by online archiving either. But "now" wouldv'e been the time that comment was posted; 13 February 2018. But, that said, I quite easily found this document that shows the term still in use as of April 2014. If it no longer is, (though we have no reason to believe that), I'm sure there would be a memorandum somewhere stating as such. Otherwise, I'm sure it's still in use. -  wolf  21:30, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * If the NS was renamed, it would no longer be in use. Apparently that happened in 2020, that's why a lot of source would no longer apply. --84.189.84.17 (talk) 00:10, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * See below, I'm not carrying on simutaneous discussions on the same page, about the same subject, with the same person at the same time. -  wolf  01:08, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

No more Naval Service?
Accd. to the lede, the NC does no longer exist. What is convention for a case like this, should this article be changed into "was a part of the armed forces" and somesuch? --84.189.84.17 (talk) 19:25, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * If by "NC" you mean "Navy Command", the lead does not say that, it says that the term "Royal Navy" is now used in place of "Naval Service". No changes needed. -  wolf  21:39, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Doh, with NC I meant Naval Service, because apparently I'm clumsy and can't read.
 * It's the Naval Service that no longer exists. --84.189.84.17 (talk) 00:08, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The service still exists, it's the just term "Naval Service" is going to be replaced by "Royal Navy". The RN and the RM are branches of Her Majesty's Naval Service, which is still in use, (above hint aside), as of December 2021, as seen in this easily found document. Unless you have any suggested changes to make to this article's content, (which you would need to post in a "change x to y" format along with relible sourcing), we are gonna have to end this here. Article talk pages aren't forums for questions & answers. Have a nice day -  wolf  01:08, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't want a question and answer section, I want an accurate and clear article. At the moment at least one of these is missing.
 * If NS is renamed to RN, but nothing else changed, then we would have two entities called "Royal Navy". Is that the case?
 * If so, shouldn't this article be renamed?
 * If the NS remains as it was, but it is never called that, we'd have an interesting linguistics debate topic, but we'd also have a Royal Marines that are and are not part of the RN at the same time.
 * For technical reason, I can't access the source, but I do think that the article should be understandable without it. --84.189.84.17 (talk) 01:45, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * If you want to make the article more "clear and accurate", you can either suggest the article be renamed, (see WP:RM), or suggest changes to the article content, (see reply above). Don't know what else to tell ya. Have a nice day -  wolf  02:15, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You know the source, I don't. --84.189.84.17 (talk) 10:41, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Try this: - Good luck -  wolf  18:25, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, let's keep the article in a broken state then. Much better for everyone. --84.189.84.17 (talk) 22:58, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
 * You're the only one that seems to think it's "broken". I've advised of your options for making changes, so if you're really soo concerned, why don't you make an effort to "fix" the page, mm-kay? Otherwise, I think we're done here. Have a nice day -  wolf  06:10, 21 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Note that the IP is under suspicion for being a ban evading editor. GoodDay (talk) 17:36, 1 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Already well aware, but thanks -  wolf  21:15, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

Her to His
I realize this seems like an obvious change, but we still need sources that state these chages have been made. - w o lf  15:41, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

Actually, see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history. Thanks - w o lf  15:52, 9 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I've reverted your move. These changes are pretty much automatic per many new articles published since the queen's death. If we're wrong, we can always move it back. (Btw, in searching the internet, I found little support for either term, and would rather go back to the article's previous title, "Naval Service (United Kingdom)", but that's an aside.) BilCat (talk) 19:34, 9 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I see that, and noted the other revert as well. I've posted some tp comments, but that's all I'm investing into into this. I'm not reverting any further page moves or content changes, even if I disagree with them. Cheers. - w o lf  03:47, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:His Majesty's Naval Service


text:
Coma Supercluster

The Coma Supercluster (SCl 117) is a nearby supercluster of galaxies comprising the Coma Cluster (Abell 1656) and the Leo Cluster (Abell 1367).

Located 300 million light-years from Earth, it is in the center of the Great Wall and a part of the Coma Filament. The Coma Supercluster is the nearest massive cluster of galaxies to our own Virgo Supercluster.

It is roughly spherical, about 20 million light-years in diameter and contains more than 3,000 galaxies. It is located in the constellation Coma Berenices. Being one of the first superclusters to be discovered, the Coma Supercluster helped astronomers understand the large scale structure of the universe.

title: Coma Supercluster


text:
Ramesh Sippy

Ramesh Sippy (born 23 January 1947) is an Indian film director, actor and producer in Hindi cinema. He is particularly known for being director in Sholay (1975), which is regarded as one of the most influential films ever made in India. The Government of India honoured him with Padma Shri in 2013.

In the year 2017, he founded Ramesh Sippy Academy of Cinema & Entertainment in Mumbai.

Personal life
Ramesh Sippy was born on 23 January 1947 in Karachi, British India in a Sindhi Hindu family to G. P. Sippy who was a film producer. Ramesh Sippy has been married twice; his current wife is actress Kiran Juneja. With his first wife, Geeta, he has 3 children. His son Rohan Sippy is a film director.

His daughter Sheena was married to Shashi Kapoor's son, Kunal Kapoor, until they divorced in 2004. Their son, Zahan Kapoor, is an Indian actor who primarily works in Hindi films and theater plays.

Career
Ramesh Sippy visited the sets of the film Sazaa, his father's first film, when he was 6 years old. His first film job came at age nine, when he played Achala Sachdev's son in the 1953 film Shahenshah. He worked in both the production and direction departments in films like Johar-Mehmood in Goa and Mere Sanam, which his father was producing. He worked for 7 years as an assistant before becoming the director of Andaz, in 1971 which starred Shammi Kapoor, Hema Malini and Rajesh Khanna and was a box office success. His second film Seeta Aur Geeta (1972), featuring Hema Malini playing dual roles was highly successful and propelled Malini to superstardom

In 1975, he directed Sholay featuring an ensemble cast including Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, Sanjeev Kumar and Amjad Khan in his most iconic role as the dacoit Gabbar Singh. After a lukewarm start the box office, the film went on to become the biggest blockbuster in Bollywood film history. Sholay still remains one of the most iconic films in Hindi film history and a favourite for Hindi film audiences globally.

None of his later films were able to match the success of Sholay. While Sholay was a tribute to the Westerns, his next film Shaan in 1980 was inspired by the James Bond films but was only a moderate success. In 1982, he brought together veteran actor Dilip Kumar and the reigning superstar of that era Amitabh Bachchan in Shakti. While the film was only moderately successful, it won the Filmfare Best Movie Award. In 1985, he directed Saagar, which starred Rishi Kapoor, Kamal Haasan and marked Dimple Kapadia's comeback to films after 12 years since her debut film Bobby.

He directed a successful television serial titled Buniyaad which focused on the Partition of India and aired on Indian television channel Doordarshan from 1986 to 1987. The last three films he directed, Bhrashtachar (1989), Akayla (1991), and Zamana Deewana (1995) were box office flops. He did not direct any film for 20 years.

His string of hits with Amitabh Bachchan made him one of the golden directors who had a special working relationship with the actor, (Yash Chopra, Prakash Mehra, Manmohan Desai, and Hrishikesh Mukherjee being the other four). In 2005 he received the Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years award for his legendary film, Sholay.

He has produced films directed by his son Rohan Sippy, such as Kuch Naa Kaho (2003), Bluffmaster (2005) and Dum Maro Dum (2011). In 2006 he produced Taxi No. 9211 which was directed by Milan Luthria. In 2008 he produced Kunaal Roy Kapur's The President is Coming as well as the Akshay Kumar-Deepika Padukone film, Chandni Chowk to China, directed by Nikhil Advani.

In 2015, he returned to directing after 20 years with his next film, Shimla Mirchi, a comedy film starring Rajkummar Rao, Rakul Preet Singh and Hema Malini. The film had difficulty attracting buyers and remained unreleased for five years. In January 2020, it was finally released on Netflix.

Awards and honours

 * Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years for Sholay in 2005
 * IIFA Award for outstanding contribution to the Indian cinema (Male) in 2012
 * Padma Shri in 2013
 * Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020.

Director

 * Andaz (1971)
 * Seeta Aur Geeta (1972)
 * Sholay (1975)
 * Shaan (1980)
 * Shakti (1982)
 * Saagar (1985)
 * Buniyaad (1986) television drama-series
 * Zameen (1987 - Incomplete)
 * Bhrashtachar (1989)
 * Akayla (1991)
 * Zamana Deewana (1995)
 * Shimla Mirchi (2020)

Producer

 * Brahmachari (1968)
 * Trishna (1978)
 * Kuch Naa Kaho (2003)
 * Bluffmaster! (2005)
 * Taxi No. 9211 (2006)
 * Fear (2007)
 * Chandni Chowk to China (2009)
 * Dum Maaro Dum (2011)
 * Nautanki Saala (2013)
 * Sonali Cable (2014)

Actor

 * Shimla Mirchi (2020) as a person reading a book on the bench (guest appearance)

title: Ramesh Sippy


text:
1983 Copa América

The 1983 Copa América football tournament was played between 10 August and 4 November, with all ten CONMEBOL members participating. Defending champions Paraguay received a bye into the semi-finals.

The cup was won by Uruguay, that beat Brazil in the final match. This achievement ended Uruguay's 16-year streak without an official championship since the 1967 South American Championship, and qualified the Celestes to play the first Artemio Franchi Trophy in 1985 against France, winner of the UEFA Euro 1984.

Group stage
The teams were drawn into three groups, consisting of three teams each. Each team played twice (home and away) against the other teams in their group, with two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss. The winner of each group advanced to the semi-finals.

Paraguay qualified automatically as holders for the semifinal.

Semi-finals
Uruguay won 3–1 on points.

''2–2 on points. Brazil won on a drawing of lots.''

Final
Uruguay won 3–1 on points.

Goal scorers
With three goals, Jorge Luis Burruchaga, Roberto Dinamite and Carlos Aguilera are the top scorers in the tournament. In total, 55 goals were scored by 40 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.

3 Goals
 * 🇦🇷 Jorge Burruchaga
 * 🇧🇷 Roberto Dinamite
 * Carlos Aguilera

2 Goals

 * 🇧🇷 Éder
 * Jorge Aravena
 * Rodolfo Dubó
 * 🇨🇴 Didí
 * 🇵🇪 Juan Caballero
 * 🇵🇪 Franco Navarro
 * 🇵🇪 Eduardo Malásquez
 * Fernando Morena
 * Wilmar Cabrera

1 Goal

 * 🇦🇷 Ricardo Gareca
 * 🇦🇷 Víctor Ramos
 * 🇧🇴 Milton Melgar
 * 🇧🇴 David Paniagua
 * 🇧🇴 Silvio Rojas
 * 🇧🇴 Erwin Romero
 * 🇧🇷 Jorginho
 * 🇧🇷 Renato Gaúcho
 * 🇧🇷 Tita
 * Oscar Arriaza
 * Rubén Espinoza
 * Juan Carlos Letelier
 * Juan Carlos Orellana
 * 🇨🇴 Fernando Fiorillo
 * 🇨🇴 Nolberto Molina
 * 🇨🇴 Miguel Augusto Prince
 * 🇪🇨 Hans Maldonado
 * 🇪🇨 Lupo Quiñónez
 * 🇪🇨 Galo Fidean Vázquez
 * 🇪🇨 José Jacinto Vega
 * Milciades Morel
 * 🇵🇪 Germán Leguía
 * Eduardo Mario Acevedo
 * Víctor Diogo
 * Enzo Francescoli
 * Arsenio Luzardo
 * Alberto Santelli
 * 🇻🇪 Pedro Febles

title: 1983 Copa América


text:
User talk:Sakapfet11

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Arm 16:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sakapfet11


text:
Patriarch Hermogenes of Moscow

Hermogenes, or Germogen (Гермоге́н) (secular name Yermolay) (before 1530 – 17 February 1612) was the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia from 1606. It was he who inspired the popular uprising that put an end to the Time of Troubles. Hermogenes was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1913.

At the Holy Synod of 1589, which established the patriarchy in Moscow, Hermogenes was appointed Metropolitan of the newly conquered city of Kazan. During the following two decades, he gained renown for a number of Muslim Volga Tatars converted to Eastern Orthodoxy.

In 1606, Hermogenes was summoned by False Dmitry I to take part in the Senate recently instituted in Moscow. There he learnt about the tsar's design to marry a Roman Catholic woman, Marina Mniszech, and firmly declared against such an alliance. At that he was exiled from the capital, only to return with great honours several months later, when the false tsar had been deposed, and Patriarch Ignatius followed suit.

Patriarch of Moscow
The new tsar, Vasily IV, helped Hermogenes to become Patriarch of Moscow and all the Rus': Metropolitan Hermogenes was elected to the primatial See, and on 3 July 1606 he was installed as Patriarch by the assembly of the holy hierarchs at Moscow's Dormition cathedral. Metropolitan Isidore handed the Patriarch the staff of the holy hierarch Peter, and the Tsar gave as a gift to the new Patriarch a panagia, embellished with precious stones, a white klobuk and staff. In the ancient manner, Patriarch Hermogenes made his entrance riding upon a donkey. During Vasily's reign, Hermogenes generally supported the tsar's efforts to pacify the country and anathematized Ivan Bolotnikov and his army.

Time of Troubles
When Vasily was dethroned and the Poles took hold of the Moscow Kremlin, Hermogenes staunchly opposed their plans to put Wladyslaw IV on the Russian throne, unless he converted to Orthodoxy. Despite knife threats from some of the boyars, he refused to sign any petitions to the Polish king, thus preventing Wladyslaw from coronation.

In December 1610 Hermogenes distributed letters to various Russian towns, urging the populace to rise against the Poles. When the volunteer army under Prokopy Lyapunov finally approached Moscow, he defied the Polish exhortations to anathemize the army. Despite being threatened with death, he cursed the Roman Catholics and showed support for Lyapunov. After that, he was arrested and thrown into the Chudov Monastery. There he heard about the new volunteer army, mustered by Kuzma Minin and commanded by Prince Pozharsky, and blessed them both. Thereupon the patriarch was beaten and starved to death.

Death and legacy
The body of Hermogenes was buried in the Chudov monastery, but in 1654 was transferred to the Moscow Dormition cathedral. The purported relics of Patriarch Hermogenes were accidentally found in one of the crypts of the Chudov Monastery during the 1913 repair works. In connection with the Romanov Dynasty Tercentenary, celebrated that same year, he was canonized as a hieromartyr and transferred to the nearby Dormition Cathedral.

The Russian Orthodox Church commemorates him on 17 February, the day of his death, and 12 May, the day of his recognized glorification.

title: Patriarch Hermogenes of Moscow


text:
Cody Burger

Cody Michael Burger (born August 4, 1983) is an American former child actor and network engineer whose noteworthy acting credentials include portraying Cousin Rocky Johnson in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), an appearance on the hit television program Home Improvement (1991), Mel Gibson's vehicle Forever Young (1992), and most recently, several lines delivered alongside Ben Stiller in Disney's Heavyweights (1995).

Since then, Burger has been attending Florida State University and has made no announcements of a return to acting. He currently works as a senior network engineer and resides in Tallahassee, Florida.

Notable television guest appearances

 * Home Improvement playing "Cub Scout #3" in episode: "Wild Kingdom" (episode # 1.5) 15 October 1991
 * Anything But Love in episode: "The Days of Whine and..." (episode # 2.21) 21 March 1990

title: Cody Burger


text:
Judith of Bavaria (died 843)

Judith of Bavaria (797 – 19 April 843) was the Carolingian empress as the second wife of Louis the Pious. Marriage to Louis marked the beginning of her rise as an influential figure in the Carolingian court. She had two children with Louis, Gisela and Charles the Bald. The birth of her son led to a major dispute over the imperial succession, and tensions between her and Charles' half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. She eventually fell from grace when Charles' wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, rose to power. She was buried in 843 in Tours.

Early life
Judith was the daughter of Count Welf of Bavaria and Saxon noblewoman Hedwig. No surviving sources provide a record of Judith's exact date and year of birth. Judith was probably born around 797. Most girls in the Carolingian world were married in adolescence, with twelve years as the minimum age, though her marriage to the 41-year-old King Louis occurred in 819, when she was probably around 22 years old.

Though the Welfs were noble, they were not part of the '"Imperial Aristocracy'" (Reichsaristokratie) that dominated high office throughout the Carolingian empire. The Welf clan's leaders, having lost influence in their home region of Alemannia (present-day southwestern Germany and northern Switzerland) eventually rose to power through cementing familial ties with the Carolingian Imperial Aristocracy in the 770s. Nonetheless, they remained a part of the upper aristocracy (Hochadel) of their region, given the numerous appearances of the noble titles of ducal (duke) and comital (counts) in primary sources. This noble status made Judith a suitable marriage prospect for the imperial family, and the Welf clan as a whole saw its prestige and power increase after Judith's marriage to the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious in 819.

Courtship and marriage
After the death on 3 October 818 of Louis' first wife Queen Ermengard, mother of his sons Louis the German, Peppin and Lothar, Louis was urged by his counselors to remarry. Shortly after Christmas in 819 he married Judith in Aachen (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). Like many of the royal marriages of the time Judith was selected, prior to the marriage through a bridal show. It is at the bride show that, at the age of forty one, Louis chose the young Judith "after inspecting noble maidens who were brought to his court from all districts". In Frankish society, only women of the nobility were eligible to compete; this specific trait is highlighted in the Regesta Imperii, where Judith is referred to as stemming from a noble lineage (Edlen Geschlecht). Contemporary witnesses such as Ermoldus Nigellus, Walahfrid Strabo, and Louis' biographer Thegan attributed Judith's selection to her extraordinary beauty, intelligence, and musical ability. It is just as likely, however, that Louis was attracted to the geographical and political advantages offered by Judith's family. While scholars differ as to whether the Welfs were of Frankish or Alemannian descent, it is clear that they controlled significant territories to the east of the Rhine, and were predominant political actors in both Bavaria and Alemannia. This fact would have made them desirable allies for Louis, since any military campaign in the empire's eastern frontiers would require the emperor to travel through this region. By marrying Judith, in other words, the emperor would effectively gain friends and allies, an important military and political stronghold, and the support of the nobility in that region.

Judith married Louis in 819 in Aachen. It was not uncommon that brides were given some form of dowry upon marrying into royalty. Judith's marriage was no exception to this practice and she received, according to sources, the monastery San Salvatore, which was located in Brescia (in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy). The monastery of San Salvatore and all the assets that fall under its jurisdiction, would fall under the protection of the King. Although, according to modern sources, the dowry was indicative that the marriage was in fact a "Vollehe" (full marriage), it did not mean that the dowry would remain solely within the possession of the Queen in perpetuity; rather it could be taken from her depending on the political climate, as would later be the case in Judith's life, after her fall from power and influence.

In later Carolingian societies the act of coronation was closely tied with the marriage. It was only upon the completion of the marriage that queenship and thus legitimacy was bestowed. When Louis married his first wife Ermengard in 794, she was crowned and called "augusta", a title that harkens back to the Roman "augustus". This bestowed on Ermengard the title of empress as it did Judith when she married Louis and was "crowned as empress and acclaimed augusta by all".

Queenship
Historical sources show a gap in information available on Judith in the four years between her marriage in 819 and the birth of Charles in 823. The most likely cause of this gap is that Judith would only rise to historical prominence when she became involved in her son's, Charles The Bald, life as an advocate for his career as successor to the throne. However, various sources like the Capitulare de villis and the De ordine palatii of Hincmar of Reims can be drawn upon to provide information on roles and responsibilities that Judith would have most likely played in court. Specifically, the Capitulare de villis and the De ordine palatii define the role and consequently the realm of influence of the empress to that of the court. If these documents are indicative of the empress's role in the court and palace in general, then it may be reasonably inferred what roles Judith would have acted in. Sources tell us that Judith's and the steward of the court's (Kämmerer) duties included, among others: caring that she, her servants and the King himself, particularly his jewelry, looked presentable and of appropriate appearance, overseeing the transfer of the yearly tribute (Abgabe der Vasallen) and ensuring that the emperor was free to focus on ruling the kingdom, without distraction of minor details like the court's appearance. It is not to be inferred from this brief sketch, however, that her role was in any sense superfluous and relegated to the realm of aesthetics. She had a working relationship with the Kämmerer of the court, (the top administrator for the incomes, goods and running of the household), which means that she was in an influential position when it came to the functioning and the running of the court. Freculf of Lisieux dedicated the second half of his Twelve Books of Histories to her, praising her erudition, pointing to her role as a patron of culture and learning.

It is not unlikely that, in order to complete these tasks, Judith would have had her own court personnel. This was not an uncommon phenomenon, it having existed according to sources since the time of the Merovingians. Having her own administration was not only instrumentally important in ensuring a smooth running of the court and the daily affairs of the palace, but also a political necessity. The King and Queen were technically seen as a single entity, as is the case in the Capitulare de villis. Her command was therefore no less significant or important than that of the King. However, in time of separation, be it war, sickness or pregnancy, this single ruling couple/entity would be divided. Consequently, when Louis endeavoured on his campaign in 824 against the Bretons or a similar campaign in the same region in 830, Judith would not only have to take care of the running of the courtly society, but also step in as a representative of the King. In this capacity she would come to be involved in the politics of the realm. But she also had other avenues to influence the politics of the realm and the court. It is not unreasonable to consider that she had some influence acting as a counsel woman for her husband. Judith's very position and proximity to the emperor as his wife meant she was in immediate proximity to him and consequently had the ability and opportunity to influence the decisions of her husband. Judith's role and prominence in court would see a dramatic rise after the birth of her son, as she sought to establish a political and courtly base for Charles, against the threat that Lothar posed for his succession.

Children
Judith had two children with Louis. Her first child was a daughter named Gisela, born in 820. Gisela would eventually be married off by Judith to Eberhard of Friuli, a significant supporter of Lothar. Gisela was the mother of Berengar I.

After having spent most of her second pregnancy in Frankfurt, she had another child named Charles, who was born on 13 June 823. More commonly known as "Charles the Bald", he would eventually become emperor, following in the footsteps of his father Louis. The birth of Charles had a significant effect on Judith's life, because Charles was the only male heir of Louis' second marriage. His birth put the Ordinatio Imperii and its designations for successor under question. The ordinatio imperii outlined that only a full heir could rule, but since there were several viable candidates that met the requirements, (mainly Lothar, Peppin and Louis the German from the marriage to Ermengard and Charles from the marriage to Judith) an eventual strain on rightful succession was inevitable. Consequently, it became of the utmost importance for Judith to secure the throne for her son and protect him from the attacks and threats that his paternal brothers posed. Lothar, being the most prominent and the oldest of Ermengard children, presented the greatest threat to Judith and Charles. Yet, realizing this, Judith selected Lothar as Charles' godfather. This strategic move meant Charles would have a political tie in the eventual disputes succession that would inevitably follow Louis' death.

Imperial succession and partition
On 9 April 817 a timber roof collapsed on Louis and his men in Aachen. The event shocked Louis and led the emperor to reconsider the distribution of his power and succession for his heirs. The ordinatio Imperii was a reconfiguration and re-imagining of in the division of Charlemagne's inheritance, which he had always envisioned but never fully implemented. The ordinatio imperii stated that Louis oldest son Lothar would become co-emperor and would receive the whole of Francia. It also stated that Lothar's younger brothers, Pippin, aged 19, and Louis the German, aged 10, would inherit Aquitaine and Bavaria respectively (the regna).

A major sticking point that concerned Lothar was Louis' nineteen-year-old nephew Bernard of Italy getting in the way of his eventual rise to power. Bernard had been ruling Italy since 810. Yet, the ordinatio imperii did not specify Bernard as the immediate successor and continued ruler of Italy. Consequently, Bernard, alarmed by the fact that his future inheritance was at stake, rose up against Louis. The rebellion was swiftly quelled by Louis' forces. Bernard was blinded and would eventually die on 17 April 818

The birth of Charles as well as Lothar's marriage in 821 meant that two imperial households were now vying for control. The strain over how to interpret the ordinatio imperii coupled with the fact that Judith would most likely outlive her husband, meant that it became imperative for Judith to establish a political base of her own, not only for her own safety and the continuation of her queenship, but also for the safety of her son.

In a letter written by Agobard of Lyons to Louis, Agobard articulates the way in which Louis strove to establish an orderly settlement between his four sons. Here we see that Ermengarde's son Lothar is granted more power than Louis' other sons, jeopardising the future of both Judith and Charles:

"And thus you carried out everything that should have been done in such a situation, with such faith, with such hope, that no one would doubt that this was infused and inspired in you by God. You assigned parts of your kingdom to the rest of your sons but – that the kingdom might be one and not three – you set [the son] whom you made the sharer in your title, over the others. And then you ordered these actions to be written down and, once written, to be signed and corroborated. Then, you sent [the son, Lothar] who had been made consort in your title to Rome, your deeds to be approved and confirmed by the highest pontiff. Then you ordered all to swear that they would all follow and preserve such an election and division. No one considered this oath irrelevant or worthy of scorn but rather timely and legitimate, since it seemed to pertain to peace and concord. And over the course of time, whenever and wherever imperial letters were sent, they contained the names of both emperors."

Advocating for Charles
Most information on Judith surrounds the activities for her son and her attempts to ensure his succession to the throne. Their political futures depended on each other; if Judith were widowed, her future as an empress could potentially be threatened by stepsons that no longer had familial or political concerns for her wellbeing. Outlined in a letter to Pope Nicholas I Judith, upon Charles's birth, sent a ring to Ebbo, the archbishop of Rheims, asking him to pray for the health of Charles, but also promising that if he ever sent the ring back to her in times of trouble she would help him. Politically this move is significant given that Ebbo was one of the most powerful people in the land and a "milkbrother" and friend of Louis. This marks a distinct effort on the part of Judith to bolster her influence and secure the political future of her son.

The poem by a court poet Ermoldus Nigellus, Poem in Honor of Louis, provides insight into Judith's influence over her son Charles. The scene describes Judith and Charles interacting while Louis goes on a hunt:

"Judith, who has with her the young Charles; in a twinkling she passes by, placing her faith in her feet-- if flight does not give her aid, surely she will perish. Seeing this, the young Charles begs for a horse, for he desires to do as his father does; earnestly he pleads for weapons, for a quiver and quick-striking arrows, and wishes to go in pursuit, as his father so often does. He pours prayers upon prayers, but his beautiful mother prevents him from leaving, and refuses his wishes. If his teacher and his mother do not restrain the impetuous youth (as youths are wont to do), he shall chase after on foot." Not only does this highlight Judith's role as an influential force in Charles' life, but it also establishes an ambitious young Charles as a son that follows in the footsteps of his father Louis.

Other poetry by Ermoldus from 826 describes Judith following her son in procession, flanked on either side by the magnates Count Hugh of Tours, who was Lothar's father-in-law, and Count Matfrid of Orleans. Given that both magnates had extremely close ties with Lothar, this suggests Judith was already attempting to cultivate Lothar's sympathies and place herself and her son in a politically favourable position.

The three eldest sons of Louis the Pious revolted against their father in order to control the ordering of the Carolingian succession. It was Judith's dominance and control of the court, thereby being able to dictate who saw Louis and influence him, that was the focus of their revolt. In order to seize control of the king and consequently the Carolingian succession they had to replace the current court, controlled by Judith, with their own. Judith was accused of having an incestuous relationship with Louis the Pious's godson, Bernard of Septimania (who was the lynchpin of her court). This led to her capture and exile to Italy at the nunnery of Saint Radegund in 830. After the crisis she returned to Aachen and continued her effort to see that Charles would take control.

Given Judith's role in court and her rise in power, especially in the waning year of Louis's life, the political ties that Judith had built in court became the political ties of Charles. These included, amongst others, Walahfrid, Lupus of Ferrières, the palace clerics Prudentius, Wenilo and Berno, and the seneschal Adalard.

Several marriages in 839 sought to solidify a future for Charles and an entente with Lothar. The first was the marriage of Gisele, the daughter of Louis and Judith, to Eberhard, the duke of Friuli, who was a leading supporter of Lothar. A second such marriage was that between Judith's brother Conrad with Adelaide, Lothar's sister in law.

Judith also collaborated with the magnates that worked on the will of Louis in order to promote Charles. Fearing that Louis would die before the matter was settled, Judith advised that Louis take to his aid one of his three sons (Pippin, Lothar or Louis) in order to unite Charles and one of the brothers in mutual interest should a revolt happen after Louis's death.

After Louis's death Judith helped and assisted Charles in his campaigns against Lothar. She sent troops to assist Charles in his endeavour to secure Aquitaine and the majority of Francia in order to reduce the number of competitors. She also exercised influence over him. When archbishop George of Ravenna was taken prisoner after a battle in which 40,000 men fell on the side of Lothar and Pippin, Judith counselled Charles to be merciful towards the archbishop, which Andreas Agnellus of Ravenna recalled as For my part I’ll let you go—as my mother tells me to.

Scandals
However, the rise of Judith's power, influence and activity in the court sparked resentment towards her. Agobard of Lyons, a supporter of Lothar, wrote two tracts Two Books in Favor of the Sons and Against Judith the Wife of Louis in 833. These tracts were meant as propaganda against Judith from the court of Lothar in order to undermine her court and influence. The tracts themselves attack her character, claiming her to be of a cunning and underhanded nature and of corrupting her husband. These attacks were predominantly anti-feminist in nature. When Louis still did not sever marital ties with Judith, Agobard claimed that Judith's extramarital affairs were carried out "first secretly and later impudently". Paschasius Radbertus accused Judith by associating her with the engagement in debauchery and witchcraft, of filling the palace with "soothsayers... seers and mutes as well as dream interpreters and those who consult entrail, indeed all those skilled in malign craft".

Characterized as a Jezebel and a Justina, Judith was accused by one of her enemies, Paschasius Radbertus, of engaging in debauchery and witchcraft with her purported lover, Count Bernard of Septimania, Louis' chamberlain and trusted adviser. This portrayal and image stands in contrast to poems about Judith. The poems depict her as "a second biblical Judith, a Mary sister of Aaron in her musical abilities, a Saphho, a prophetess, cultivated, chaste, intelligent, pious, strong in spirit, and sweet in conversation".

However, Judith also garnered devotion and respect. Hrabanus Maurus wrote a dedicatory letter to Judith, exalting her "praiseworthy intellect" and for her "good works". The letter commends her in the turbulent times amidst battles, wishing that she may see victory amidst the struggles she is facing. It also implores her "to follow through with a good deed once you have begun it" and "to improve yourself at all times". Most strikingly the letter wishes Judith to look to the biblical Queen Esther, the wife of Xerxes I as inspiration and as a role model

"Likewise, O queen, forever keep your eyes of your heart fixed upon Queen Esther as a model of dutiful and holy behaviour so that by equalling her holiness you might be able to climb from this earthly kingdom to the heights of the heavenly kingdom"

Disgrace and exile
Judith was left alone in 830 in Aachen, as Louis decided to undertake a campaign into Brittany. The campaign itself, however, was greatly opposed, because of its difficulties. Some of the magnates attempted to alter the attitudes of the people and turn them against Louis. The plot was to depose Louis the Pious, "to destroy their stepmother and kill Bernard".

Prior to Easter Week in 830 (17–24 April) Pippin, with Lothar's consent, and with a large proportion of the people "took away from the Emperor his royal power, and also his wife". Judith was veiled ("the female equivalent of tonsuring rival claimants to the throne" ) and sent to the convent of St Radegund at Poitiers in the same year.

At an assembly held on 1 October at Nijmegen, between the Emperor, the Saxons and East Franks, it was adjudged, by "all the bishops, abbots, counts and other Franks" that Judith, even though she was taken unjustly, should be brought back and made to stand trial for any crime she may have committed and "undergo the judgment of the Franks".

In 831, around 1 February Judith stood trial at the assembly arranged by the Emperor. At the assembly she "declared her willingness to purge herself on all the charges levelled against her". No one was found in the general assembly who wanted to charge her for any crime. She purged herself, by the customs of the Franks, of all the things that she had been accused of.

Later life
In 833 Louis heard news of his sons, Pippin, Lothar and Louis the German, allying in order to orchestrate a revolt against him. Louis failed to prevent the revolt and was overthrown, resulting in Lothar seizing power. For Judith the coup resulted in her exile in northern Italy at the civitas of Tortona. Louis spent the next year in Aachen as a captive of Lothar. Pippin and Louis the German, however, condemned the treatment of their father by Lothar and in 834 summoned armies from Aquitaine, Bavarians, Austrasians, Saxons, Alemans and the Franks to rise up against Lothar. Hearing of the vast armies approaching him, Lothar fled, leaving his father behind. Louis thus regained control and offered to forgive Lothar for his actions. Lothar, however, scorned the offer. It was during this turbulent political to-and-fro that followers of Louis the Pious who were in Italy, Bishop Ratold, Count Boniface and Pippin among them, heard of a plot to kill Judith. With their help Judith escaped and returned to Aachen in the same year.

Louis died in 840 at his palace in Ingelheim, leaving Judith a widow. She, however, continued to support her son Charles in his military campaigns and endeavours, gathering troops from Aquentine in 841. In April of that same year, Charles received his crown and all of his royal attire, which contemporaries of the time herald as a divine act. Most likely, however, Judith was well aware of Charles's location and had sent the royal artifacts to meet up with her son.

Charles married Ermentrude in 842 and fathered a daughter, Judith of Flanders, in 844, named after his mother. This marriage, however, proved futile for Judith's career, power and influence. With the introduction of a new queen, Judith became of ex officio importance, resulting in her forced retirement as well as withdrawal of the lands and wealth under her control. Her health began to fail in 842, and she died on 19 April 843 in Tours, outliving her husband by three years, after more than a year of ill health, including coughing and dizziness. It is believed that she was around 46 years of age when she died, her husband had been closer to 62. She was buried at the Basilica of Saint Martin, Tours.

title: Judith of Bavaria (died 843)


text:
Talk:Astrophysics Data System

Substantial changes are in the works for the ADS. They will make much of the current article obsolete
The ADS project is building a totally revised system, both the back end software and the user interfaces will be completely different. The prototype UI can be seen at adsabs.org/ui The current schedule is that a beta version, similar to the prototype, will be released on 1 Jan 2012, and this will replace the current system on 1 Jan 2013. At that time the current Wikipedia article will be fully outdated. MJKurtz —Preceding undated comment added 03:02, 20 July 2011 (UTC).

This article within the scope of the WikiProjects Systems
Hi, I have put this article under the scope of the WikiProject Systems because of the formal relation, but more because of the inspiring and motivating example this article can give our project and it's participants (to come). We are still a small and beginning group, and working to get our own toko going. In due time I hope we can also deliver a valuable contributions here from our point of view. In the mean time I wish all of you all te best. Best regards - Mdd 21:39, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

This article needs to have improved referencing
There are several sections that have no citations per WP:CITE of WP:RS. Is there someone watching this article that could fix this and update the article? — Mattisse (Talk) 17:26, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Michael Kurtz contacted me on my talk page and requested that unreferenced material be tagged, so I have done so. I have notified WikiProject Systems that this article needs updating to maintain its FA status. — Mattisse  (Talk) 16:46, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I have also notified WikiProject Astronomy and WikiProject Physics.

 * I have replaced the tags with references, but the article needs to be checked for the correctness and appropriateness of my added references. — Mattisse  (Talk) 17:00, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Linking to ADS on wikipedia
The template can be used to link to the ADS page given the articles bibcode. --Salix (talk): 21:24, 29 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Deleted at Templates_for_discussion/Log/2010_March_13. John Vandenberg (chat) 03:10, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

 * FYI: can be used with proper   code instead of . Rursus dixit. ( m bork3  !) 15:22, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

Layout concerns
At present there are multiple single-paragraph sections (Layout) and multiple single-sentence paragraphs (Layout). These would likely have been raised as issues during an FAC. I think they should probably be merged or expanded, where possible.—RJH (talk) 16:28, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

References need checking
I have replaced the fact tags with references, but the article needs to be checked for the correctness and appropriateness of my added references, as I am not confident of them; they were suggested on my talk page by a major author cited in the article. I have asked the opinion of others, but would feel better if they were checked.

Also, the article remains somewhat under referenced. More citations are needed and from wider sources. — Mattisse (Talk) 17:04, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Astrophysics Data System. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090610000234/http://aas.aanda.org:80/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000170 to http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000170
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090610000303/http://aas.aanda.org:80/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000172 to http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000172
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090610000239/http://aas.aanda.org:80/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000171 to http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:2000171

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:25, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

FA concerns
This early FA promotion doesn't seem to meet the current standards. There are large chunks of uncited text. I also have concerns about how up-to-date this is, as the all of the information given and all of the references seem to predate 2010. Hog Farm Bacon 00:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Interesting find, it defiantly does not pass for FA as it stands, it doesn't even pass the standards for WP:DYK having multiple totally uncited paragraphs. It also seems strange to have a FA, which should be "thorough", rely on only fourteen sources. Not my field of expertise, but I would suggest anyone interested in seeing it remain FA to start coming up with references and bringing the article up to date. Footlessmouse (talk) 05:54, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:22, 16 February 2022 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Astrophysics Data System


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User talk:HisHighness420

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 16:23, 25 July 2005 (U==TC)
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