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World Union of National Socialists

The World Union of National Socialists (WUNS) is an organisation founded in 1962 as an umbrella group for neo-Nazi organisations across the globe.

Formation
The movement came about when the leader of the American Nazi Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, visited England and met with National Socialist Movement chief Colin Jordan and the two agreed to work towards developing an international link-up between movements. This resulted in the 1962 Cotswold Declaration, which was signed by neo-Nazis from the United States, the United Kingdom, France (Savitri Devi), West Germany (Bruno Ludtke), Austria, and Belgium. More member nations would join later throughout the decade, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, Ireland, Iran, India, South Africa, Korea, Japan, Peru, and Ukraine.

Splits
Following Rockwell's assassination in 1967, control of the WUNS passed to Matt Koehl, who attempted to extend the influence of the group by appointing Danish neo-Nazi Povl Riis-Knudsen as general secretary. However a split began to develop over the insistence of Koehl that Nazism should also serve as a religion, and eventually he broke away from the WUNS to lead his own version of Nazi mysticism. The split fundamentally weakened the WUNS and its influence declined strongly, despite attempts by Jordan to reinvigorate it. Jordan remained the nominal leader of the organization until his death in 2009, when he was succeeded by Koehl, who was the titular leader until his own death in 2014.

Associated groups
A number of groups have become members of the WUNS or accepted association to the group down the years.

Americas
Given the leadership of Rockwell and Koehl, the American Nazi Party and its successor the National Socialist White People's Party were the main constituent groups of the WUNS.

In Canada the group was represented by the Canadian Nazi Party, whose leader William John Beattie was chief of the WUNS in the country.

It was also active in South America through the Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero Chileno, a group set up in Chile by Franz Pfeiffer.

Europe
The National Socialist Movement and its successor British Movement were members.

WUNS was represented in Denmark by the National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, a rump group of the old pre-war movement affiliated under Sven Salicath, a close follower of Rockwell, and by its replacement, the National Socialist Movement of Denmark.

The Nordic Reich Party of Sweden maintained independence but co-operated closely with WUNS.

Bernhard Haarde formed a WUNS group in Iceland, claiming around 300 supporters. Bernhard was the brother of future Prime Minister Geir Haarde.

A minor party in Ireland, the National Socialist Irish Workers Party, was affiliated.

Oceania
The National Socialist Party of New Zealand and the National Socialist Party of Australia were affiliated to the WUNS.

Asia
The National Socialist Japanese Worker's Party is affiliated to the WUNS.

Africa
The Rhodesian White People's Party was affiliated to the WUNS.

Membership
The following organizations were listed on the WUNS website as participating members in 2019:

 * Bulgaria – Great Sarmatian Brotherhood
 * Brazil – Brazilian National Socialist Party
 * Canada – National-Socialist Party of Canada
 * Chile – Movimiento Nacionalsocialista de los Trabajadores Chilenos, Movimiento Gancho del Lobo, IMNS, Troops of Tomorrow Chile Division
 * Costa Rica – Resistencia Ideologica Nacional Socialista de Costa Rica
 * Finland – Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SKSTP-NSFAP
 * France – Mouvement National-Socialiste Français, PHENIX
 * Greece – European Nationalism and Hellenic Nationalism
 * Guatemala – Frente Nacional Socialista de Guatemala
 * Iran – Naska Party, SUMKA
 * Italy – Comunità politica di Avanguardia, Fascism and Freedom Movement
 * Japan – National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party
 * Norway – National Socialist Movement of Norway
 * Peru - National Socialist Tercios of Nueva Castilla, National Socialist Movement “Peru Awake”, Peruvian Nacional Socialist Union.
 * Romania – Romanian National Vanguard, Front 14 Romania, Victoria Finala
 * Rhodesia - Rhodesian White People's Party
 * Russia and Belarus – Russian National Unity, RNE AP, National Socialist Organization
 * Serbia – Rasonalisti, Serbian Action
 * Spain – National Alliance, NuevOrden España
 * Sweden – National Socialist Movement Nordic-Scandinavia Unit, National League of Sweden (Sveriges Nationella Förbund)
 * Ukraine – National Alliance for Freedom Ukrainian Falange, Ukrainian Falange Block
 * United Kingdom – November 9th Society, British Free Corps, British People's Party
 * United States – National Socialist Movement, Final Solution 88

The following organizations were members of the WUNS at some point:
 * Argentina – Argentine National Socialist Front
 * Turkey – National Socialist Movement, Final Solution 2016
 * Zimbabwe – Rhodesian White People's Party

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: World Union of National Socialists


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DVM

DVM may refer to:

 * Dalvik virtual machine, formerly used in the Android operating system
 * Diel vertical migration, a pattern of movement used by some organisms
 * Digital voltmeter, a type of voltmeter used for measuring electrical potential difference
 * Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, a degree received by veterinary physicians as part of their education

title: DVM


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Georgi–Jarlskog mass relation

In grand unified theories of the SU(5) or SO(10) type, there is a mass relation predicted between the electron and the down quark, the muon and the strange quark and the tau lepton and the bottom quark called the Georgi–Jarlskog mass relations. The relations were formulated by Howard Georgi and Cecilia Jarlskog.

At GUT scale, these are sometimes quoted as:

 * $$m_{e} \approx \frac{1}{3} m_{d GUT}$$

 * $$m_{\mu} \approx 3 m_{s GUT}$$

 * $$m_{\tau} \approx m_{b GUT}$$

In the same paper it is written that:

 * $$m_{d GUT} \approx \frac{1}{3} m_d$$

 * $$m_{s GUT} \approx \frac{1}{3} m_s$$

 * $$m_{b GUT} \approx \frac{1}{3} m_b$$

Meaning that:

 * $$m_d \approx 9 m_e $$ $$ error = 5\% $$

 * $$m_s \approx m_{\mu}$$ $$ error = 21\% $$

 * $$m_b \approx 3 m_{\tau}$$ $$ error = 26\% $$

title: Georgi–Jarlskog mass relation


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Eastern lowland gorilla

The eastern lowland gorilla  (Gorilla beringei graueri) or Grauer's gorilla is a Critically Endangered subspecies of eastern gorilla endemic to the mountainous forests of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Important populations of this gorilla live in the Kahuzi-Biega and Maiko National Parks and their adjacent forests, the Tayna Gorilla Reserve, the Usala forest and on the Itombwe Massif.

It is the largest of the four gorilla subspecies. It has a jet black coat like the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei), although the hair is shorter on the head and body. The male's coat, like that of other gorillas, greys as the animal matures, resulting in the designation "silverback".

There are far fewer eastern lowland gorillas compared to western lowland gorillas. According to a 2004 report there were only about 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas in the wild, down to fewer than 3,800 in 2016, compared to over 100,000 western lowland gorillas. However, a survey in 2021 gave an estimate of up to 6,800 suggesting the decline was not as bad as feared although they are still facing severe threats. Outside their native range, only one female eastern lowland gorilla lives in captivity, at the Antwerp Zoo in Belgium.

Physical description

Eastern lowland gorillas are the largest subspecies of gorilla and the largest living primates. Males weigh between 150 and 209 kg based on four males, females of 76 kg although this had a small sample size. Males stand between 1.69 to 1.96 m, while females reach 1.6 m. An older weight calculated based on eight wild adult males is 169 kg.

Habitat and ecology
Gorillas spend long hours feeding on plant matter every day. Gorillas are stable apes as they stay together for months and years at a time, much like the structure of a family. Groups of eastern lowland gorillas are usually larger than those of western gorillas.

The eastern lowland gorilla has the widest altitudinal range of any of the gorilla subspecies, being found in mountainous, transitional and lowland tropical forests. One of the most studied eastern lowland gorilla population lives in the highlands of Kahuzi-Biega, where habitats vary between dense primary forests to moderately moist woodland, to Cyperus swamp and peat bog.

Gorillas do not eat banana fruits, but they may destroy banana trees to eat the nutritious pith. The eastern lowland gorilla shows a preference for regenerating vegetation associated with abandoned villages and fields. Farmers who have come in contact with gorillas in their plantations have killed the gorilla and obtained a double benefit, protecting their crop and using the meat of the gorilla to sell at the market.

The eastern lowland gorilla has a varied plant diet including fruits, leaves, stems and bark as well as small insects such as ants and termites. Although they occasionally eat ants, insects form only a minor part of their diet. In comparison to western lowland gorillas, found in low altitude tropical forests, eastern lowland gorillas travel much less and increase their consumption of herbaceous vegetation.

Behaviour

Eastern lowland gorillas are highly sociable and very peaceful, living in groups of two to over 30. A group usually consists of one silverback, several females and their offspring. Silverbacks are strong and each group has one dominant leader (see alpha male). These males protect their group from danger. Young silverback males will slowly begin to leave their natal group when they reach maturity, and will then attempt to attract females to form their own group.

Relatively little is known about the social behaviour, history and ecology of eastern lowland gorillas, partly because of civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, some aspects of social behaviour have been studied. For example, gorillas form harems which may include two full-grown males. One third of gorilla groups in East Africa have two grown males in their group.

Most primates are bonded together by the relationship between females, a pattern also seen in many human families. Once they reach maturity, both females and males usually leave the group. Females usually join another group or a lone silverback adult male, whereas males may stay together temporarily, until they attract females and establish their own groups. It is commonly believed that the structure of the gorilla group is to prevent predation.

Reproduction
A female will give birth to a single infant after a gestation period of about $8 1/2$ months. They breastfeed for about three years. The baby can crawl at around nine weeks old and can walk at about 35 weeks old. Infant gorillas normally stay with their mother for three to four years and mature at around 8 years old (females) and 12 years old (males).

Threats

Threats to the eastern lowland gorilla's survival include poaching, civil unrest, and the destruction of gorilla habitat through logging, mining, and agriculture.

Bushmeat
The primary cause of the decline in eastern lowland gorilla populations is poaching for meat, known as bushmeat. It is eaten by displaced peoples residing in the region affected by the civil war, militia groups and loggers and miners. Surveys have shown that great apes, chimpanzees and bonobos comprise 0.5–2% of the meat found in bushmeat markets. Some researchers have found that up to 5 e6tonne of bushmeat are traded annually. This has a detrimental effect on the eastern lowland gorilla populations because of their slow rate of reproduction and their already struggling population. Although gorilla bushmeat only constitutes a small proportion of the bushmeat sold, it continues to encourage a decline in the gorilla populations being subjected to hunting. Endangered Species International stated that 300 gorillas are killed each year to supply the bushmeat markets in the Congo.

Civil unrest
Civil unrest in the Democratic Republic of Congo has resulted in a decline in eastern lowland gorillas. The region inhabited by eastern gorillas has decreased from 8100 to 4600 sqmi in the past 50 years. This primate species now occupies only 13% of its historical area. Violence in the region has made research difficult, however, scientists have estimated that the population has decreased by more than 50% since the mid-1990s. In the mid-1990s, the population was recorded to be nearly 17,000 gorillas.

The civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo means military groups remain in the forest for long periods of time. Thus, poaching has increased as militia and refugees become hungry. Military leaders have also disarmed the park security guards in national parks meaning they have virtually no control over the activities that occur within the park, and those that enter it, when faced with armed soldiers. The militia groups present in the region restrict protection of the eastern lowland gorilla. It has been estimated that more than half of the 240 gorillas known in one study have been killed as a result of poaching. Researchers have also stated that it is more difficult to patrol areas outside of the park and expect to find even higher levels of poaching.

Conservation groups negotiated with rebels who control the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to re-arm the park guards After the war began, government funding of the park was stopped. Conservation groups, International Gorilla Conservation Program and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German development agency) have funded the guards for the past several years.

Many multinational corporations are indirectly, and some directly, funding the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by buying illegal resources from the area or by trading resources for military weaponry. Reports from 2007 state that 14694 tonne of cassiterite ($45 million USD), 1193 tonne of wolframite (worth $4.27 million USD) and 393 tonne of coltan ($5.42 million USD) were exported in 2007. Coltan in particular is one of the main export resources bought by multinational corporations illegally and is growing in demand due to its use for cellphones. Traxy's alone bought 226 tonne of coltan in 2007 which is 57% of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's entire coltan. The United Nations Environmental Programme reported that resources from multinational corporations and pension funds in industrialized countries are "directed through subsidiary companies to help finance corruption and arms sales, processes that may involve 'conflict' natural resources" Private companies have been found to trade weapons for resources or provide access to weapons through subsidiary companies.

Approximately two million people, directly and indirectly related to the Rwandan genocide in 1994, fled to Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, mainly in Virunga National Park. It has been estimated that there were 720,000 refugees living in five camps in the DRC bordering the park (Katale, Kahindo, Kibumba, Mugunga and Lac Vert), 24. Deforestation occurred as 80,000 refugees travelled into the park daily to find wood. Deforestation occurred at a rate of 0.1 km2 per day. Once the Congo war began in 1996, 500,000 refugees remained, putting pressure on the natural resources, including the eastern lowland gorilla.

Logging, mining, and agriculture
Illegal logging may occur from companies with no rights to the land or by legal landholders. Over-harvesting is an illegal practice often conducted by legal concession holder and encourages deforestation and illegal resources exportation. The areas logged are prime gorilla habitat and is considered an international concern. Companies involved in illegal exploitation therefore encourage environmental destruction in the area and fuel the illegal export industry controlled by militia groups.

Park conservation
Most parks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are insecure areas restricting the access of park rangers. Although park rangers are trained to stop illegal hunting, the small number of park rangers do not have access to further training or equipment to handle the militia groups. In the Virunga National Park, for example, 190 park rangers have been killed in just the past 15 years from civil war. Laws in place enforce trans-boundary collaboration and have been proven successful in reducing the decline of the eastern lowland gorilla Illegal extraction of resources from the Virunga National Park has been reduced by policing transportation across borders. This has reduced the financial input available to the militias in the region. Although park rangers have been successful in restricting the amount of illegal resources being transported out of the region, militias groups have retaliated by purposely killing a group of gorillas to threaten the park rangers. On 22 July 2007, 10 gorillas were killed in retaliation for the park rangers' interference with the exportation of illegal resources such as wood.

The militia have remained in control in the region as a result of the neighbouring countries. These militia groups trade minerals and timber illegally in exchange for arms from neighbouring countries, corrupt officials and subsidiaries of many multinational companies. Gorillas are also threatened directly by militia groups because of the prevalence of booby traps placed randomly throughout the forest. Although the eastern lowland gorilla population is directly affected by the violence of militia groups, their population is mainly endangered by habitat disruption from the extraction of natural resources.

Genetic studies
There was already evidence of inbreeding depression in some gorilla populations, evident through birth defects like syndactyly. A recent genome study, which included all four subspecies of gorilla, aimed to identify the levels of diversity and divergence among the remaining populations of gorilla. Results showed that the eastern lowland gorilla subspecies was in fact two distinct subgroups. This division could have been due to the small number of individuals sampled, or due to the social structures within the subspecies. Results suggest that within the eastern lowland gorilla subspecies, there is an extreme lack of variation, which could reduce the potential of the subspecies to undergo natural selection and adapt to their environment. This lack of diversity is thought to be due to a limited number of founders and low levels of migration, which has resulted in a high level of inbreeding in these small populations. Conservation interventions for the eastern lowland gorilla have suggested implementing captive breeding programs or translocations between the eastern lowland subgroups.

title: Eastern lowland gorilla


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JSON-RPC

JSON-RPC (JavaScript Object Notation-Remote Procedure Call) is a remote procedure call (RPC) protocol encoded in JSON. It is similar to the XML-RPC protocol, defining only a few data types and commands. JSON-RPC allows for notifications (data sent to the server that does not require a response) and for multiple calls to be sent to the server which may be answered asynchronously.

Usage
JSON-RPC works by sending a request to a server implementing this protocol. The client in that case is typically software intending to call a single method of a remote system. Multiple input parameters can be passed to the remote method as an array or object, whereas the method itself can return multiple output data as well. (This depends on the implemented version.)

All transfer types are single objects, serialized using JSON. A request is a call to a specific method provided by a remote system. It can contain three members:
 * - A String with the name of the method to be invoked. Method names that begin with "rpc." are reserved for rpc-internal methods.
 * - An Object or Array of values to be passed as parameters to the defined method. This member may be omitted.
 * - A string or non-fractional number used to match the response with the request that it is replying to. This member may be omitted if no response should be returned.

The receiver of the request must reply with a valid response to all received requests. A response can contain the members mentioned below.
 * - The data returned by the invoked method. If an error occurred while invoking the method, this member must not exist.
 * - An error object if there was an error invoking the method, otherwise this member must not exist. The object must contain members code (integer) and message (string). An optional data member can contain further server-specific data. There are pre-defined error codes which follow those defined for XML-RPC.

 * - The id of the request it is responding to.

Since there are situations where no response is needed or even desired, notifications were introduced. A notification is similar to a request except for the id, which is not needed because no response will be returned. In this case the  property should be omitted (Version 2.0) or be   (Version 1.0).

Examples
In these examples,  denotes data sent to a service (request), while   denotes data coming from a service. Although  is often called a response in client–server computing, depending on the JSON-RPC version it does not necessarily imply an answer to a request.

Version 2.0
Request and response: Notification (no response):

Version 1.1 (Working Draft)
Request and response:

Version 1.0
Request and response:

title: JSON-RPC


text: User talk:70.17.111.221

title: User talk:70.17.111.221


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Voice of the People Party

The Voice of the People Party was a political party in Namibia. The party was led by Kephes Conradie. In 1972, it joined the National Convention. Later it joined the Namibia National Front (NNF). In 1978, the party and other factions broke away from NNF and formed the Namibia People's Liberation Front.

title: Voice of the People Party


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Robert Andrews (actor)

Robert Tobias Andrews (born Reginald Frank Andrews; 20 February 1895 – 17 January 1976) was a British stage and film actor. He is perhaps best known as the long-term companion of Ivor Novello.

Early life
Robert Andrews was born in Camden Town, the son of Walter Andrews (1861–1935), a horse bus inspector, and his wife Ada Harriet, née Judd (1864–1946). He was the younger brother of actress Maidie Andrews.

Career
Andrews began his stage acting career at age eleven. He made his first stage appearance in the play Shore Acres in 1906. His child actor contemporaries included Noël Coward and Philip Tonge. Coward referred to Andrews as Tonge's "only serious rival" among the "boy actors" of the London theatre.

In 1907, at the age of twelve, Andrews appeared in Horace Annesley's comedy Her Son as "Min, the eight-year-old child of Crystal and Gasgoyne," a role for which he received significant acclaim. Andrews' "finished and sympathetic performance" was described as "the success of [Her Son 's] première," "a genuine and surprising triumph" that caused "quite a sensation." In 1911, he briefly worked in Chicago, acting in the play The Backsliders, before returning to London theatre.

His stage career continued into adulthood with performances as Marcel in the 1920 production of The Children's Carnival, Maurice Avery in the 1920 production of Columbine, and Tyltyl in the 1921 production of The Betrothal. In 1921, he appeared as Charles Deburau in the play Deburau; Deburau also featured Andrews's lover Ivor Novello's debut performance. Andrews starred in a number of Novello's theater productions, beginning with the play Fresh Fields in 1932. Amongst his many character parts was the Prime Minister in Ivor Novello's musical play King's Rhapsody at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.

While he was primarily a stage actor, Andrews also made several film appearances. In 1923, he acted in the silent film Fires of Innocence as Pen Arkwright. His co-star Joan Morgan later claimed that she did not remember anything about her time working on the film, except for Andrews. She described how, during a "love-scene," Andrews would not look at her because he claimed he didn't "feel a bit in the mood to see [her]."

Personal life
Andrews first met Ivor Novello in 1916, while Novello was attending the opera with his friend Edward Marsh. Andrews and Novello eventually became lovers. Andrews was also responsible for introducing Novello to Noël Coward in 1916, at Coward's request. Andrews and Novello both had relations with other men over the course of their long-term relationship, but Andrews remained Novello's primary companion until Novello's death in 1951.

Death
Andrews died in 1976 at his family home, 37 St Mary's Mansions, Paddington.

title: Robert Andrews (actor)


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Steve Lombardi

Steven Kenneth Lombardi (born April 18, 1961) is an American professional wrestler and road agent, better known by his ring name, the Brooklyn Brawler. He is currently signed to Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he performs as an on-screen personality and promoter under the ring name Kimchee. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, as well as several independent promotions.

Early life
Lombardi studied biochemistry at St. Francis College prior to his wrestling career.

Early career (1983–1989)
Lombardi began his WWF career in late 1983, competing under his real name, and being a heel, primarily as an enhancement talent. His debut came on July 15, 1983, in Queens, NY where he was defeated by Swede Hanson. After facing Ivan Koloff and Sgt. Slaughter on house show matches, Lombardi made his TV debut on the October 29 episode of All American Wrestling where he was submitted by The Iron Sheik and carried out on a stretcher. He then began regular appearances on both television and house shows.

After losing numerous matches that winter, Lombardi gained his first success on March 18, 1984, when he wrestled Jerry Valiant to a draw. Another draw, this time with Terry Daniels came on April 24 in Mountaintop, PA. But apart from that he continued on as an enhancement talent, losing to much of the WWF roster including Big John Studd, Paul Orndorff, David Schultz, Iron Mike Sharpe, Rocky Johnson, and others. In the midst of another long losing streak, Lombardi then gained a second draw against Daniels on June 1 in Winston-Salem, NC. He made his Madison Square Garden debut on June 16, losing to Mad Dog Vachon in the latter's first match back in the WWF in a decade. A month later on July 6 in Long Island, NY Lombardi gained his first pinfall victory when he upset Vachon in a return match. On July 31 he became involved in a mild angle with WWF World Champion Hulk Hogan during the company's initial "Championship Wrestling" taping in Poughkeepsie, NY. During a sub-minute loss to Kamala, Hogan came out to the ring to give encouragement to Lombardi. Nothing further came from this angle, and Lombardi closed out his second year as a wrestler with numerous additional losses to wrestlers such as Buddy Rose and a young Bret Hart, as well as a defeat to manager Bobby "The Brain" Heenan.

As the company continued to expand Lombardi remained a young enhancement talent, although this time he was switched to face other similar talent in house shows across the country. He consistently put over various young wrestlers such as Paul Roma, David Sammartino, Barry O, Terry Gibbs, and George Wells. On the June 29th episode of "All-American Wrestling" Lombardi teamed with Dave Barbie in a losing effort to The Killer Bees in their debut match. Lombardi went on to face numerous wrestlers in their debuts during his long career. Almost eleven months after his first ever victory, Lombardi gained another when he pinned Jack Armstrong on June 22 in Boston, MA. After numerous losses, a month later Lombardi garnered the first win streak of his career when he defeated Dan Rignati and George Sanders on successive house shows. On November 14 defeated Dennis Goulet, and then on December 5 in Long Island, NY pinned Paul Roma, thus finishing with five wins for 1985.

Lombardi remained a consistent presence on television and house shows, wrestling over 150 times. The company continued to pair the young but now experienced Lombardi against other new wrestlers, and he faced newcomers such as Sivi Afi, Tony Parisi, Nick Kiniski, Dan Spivey, and Scott McGhee. He gained his first ever tag-team win when he teamed with fellow enhancement talent Lanny Poffo to defeat SD Jones and George Skaaland on April 13 in Brisbane, Australia. After dozens of defeats he gained his first pinfall victory of 1986 in singles action when he defeated Terry Gibbs in Pittsburgh, PA on August 9. On the November 15 episode of WWF Superstars he participated in another debut, teaming with Moondog Spot in a loss to the newly arrived The Can-Am Connection. Lombardi closed out 1986 with wins over Barry O, Jim Powers, Mark Young, Frankie Lane, and an upset of Tony Garea.

Despite a tick upwards in in-ring success, Lombardi began 1987 seemingly cemented as an entry-level wrestler without an angle. But that was not to last long, as he began to establish an on-screen presence as a heel. On the January 24th episode of WWF Superstars Paul Orndorff defeated Paul Roma; following the match Lombardi entered and tossed Roma from the ring. This led to a house show series between Roma and Lombardi, and for both wrestlers it was their first real feud. Despite coming out winless, Lombardi was now more than just a non-descript jobber. He upset Sivi Afi on March 1 in Landover, MD, then gained another surprise victory over Tony Garea a month later. On June 17 Lombardi participated in yet another debut, this time facing The Dingo Warrior (Ultimate Warrior) in Wichita Falls, TX.

A month later he began an on-again, off-again team with Barry Horowitz, losing to The Young Stallions on the July 26 episode of Wrestling Challenge. Four weeks later, on August 21 in Detroit, the team defeated Sivi Afi and Scott Casey. After gaining a pair of pinfall singles wins over the newly arrived Sam Houston, Lombardi then switched alliances to join Mike Sharpe. The two proclaimed themselves as "the tag-team of the future" in an inset during a match with The Young Stallions in August, but were unsuccessful.

Entering the fall Lombardi continued to lose regularly but was now gaining a smattering of wins (Sivi Afi, David Sammartino, Jerry Allen, Tony Garea, and Outback Jack). Still an enhancement talent, he was now beginning to climb the ladder.

Lombardi began 1988 with several squash losses, and then a win over Scott Casey on January 23 in Lexington, KY. Two days later at Madison Square Garden he resumed his partnership with Barry Horowitz and faced The Young Stallions in a losing effort. The following day in Hershey, PA Lombardi and Horowitz gained their first victory as a team when they defeated Scott Casey and Lanny Poffo in a match that aired on Prime Time Wrestling. The same night, they lost to The Killer Bees. The pairing continued into the summer.

Later that winter Lombardi began a house show series with Brady Boone, and for the first time in his career enjoyed a consistent string of success. While still losing to top level stars on television, he was now consistently trading wins with other entry-level talent that he previously had succumbed to. On the March 21 episode of Prime Time Wrestling he defeated SD Jones, and began trading wins with Brady Boone. However beginning in July his small push seemed to dissipate as he found himself consistently on the losing end to Paul Roma and the new arrival, The Blue Blazer (Owen Hart). In December matters took a turn as Lombardi enjoyed the first sustained win streak of his career, defeating Jim Powers and Jose Estrada on multiple occasions and closing out 1988 on a seven match win streak. It was a sign of Lombardi's first major angle.

The Brooklyn Brawler (1989–1993)
After a breakup between The Red Rooster and Bobby Heenan, the latter invited Rooster onto the set of Prime Time Wrestling on January 23 to make the peace. When Rooster was about to shake Heenan's hand he was suddenly attacked by Lombardi, who hit Rooster and host Gorilla Monsoon with a stool. The next week Lombardi made his debut as "The Brooklyn Brawler" The Brawler character was that of a street fighter/thug, wearing battered jeans and a torn New York Yankees T-shirt, which was ironic, since the Yankees play in The Bronx and were hated by many Brooklynites when the Dodgers played in the borough until moving to Los Angeles in 1958.

Under the tutelage of Bobby "The Brain" Heenan, the Brawler entered a feud with the Red Rooster. When the Red Rooster left Heenan's villain group and became a fan favorite, Heenan stated that he had made the Red Rooster a star and could do the same with anyone in the WWF. The Red Rooster defeated the Brooklyn Brawler on Saturday Night's Main Event XX, and then Heenan at WrestleMania V. The Brawler was defeated by the Rooster again on the May 20, 1989, episode of Superstars of Wrestling. His alliance with Heenan was then phased out, though in storyline Heenan said it was an amicable departure, and Heenan continued to speak highly of the Brawler whenever a match featured him. Lombardi soon returned to his former enhancement talent status and won only five more matches (Tom Stone, Jerry Monti, Paul Roma, and Al Perez) for the rest of 1989. However, he retained the Brawler gimmick, a role he utilized throughout his career.

Now firmly re-established as an enhancement talent sans Heenan, 1990 marked a first for Lombardi when he wrestled his debut match at a PPV. At the 1990 Royal Rumble he was defeated by Paul Roma in a dark match, which marked the first of several PPVs where he worked the opening dark match to warm up the crowd. After sustaining numerous defeats to upper level talent such as Intercontinental Champion The Ultimate Warrior, Lombardi finally gained a measure of revenge by pinning The Red Rooster on March 18 in Calgary, Alberta. He began a winning streak against the Rooster, who soon departed the WWF.

Lombardi wrestled the dark match of WrestleMania VI, losing again to Paul Roma. After another long string of defeats to Roma, Hillbilly Jim, Tugboat and others, Lombardi earned a smattering of victories in May against Martin Roy, Jim Brunzell, and Brady Boone. During the summer he engaged in a house show series against the newly arrived Shane Douglas but was turned away in each encounter. The two wrestled in the dark match of SummerSlam 90. On October 9 Lombardi faced Davey Boy Smith in his first match back after nearly a two-year absence, and in December he went on his first overseas tour when the WWF joined forces with Super World Sports to promote in Japan. On December 6 in Hijemi, Japan he teamed with Nuboyashi Sugawara and Kenny the Striker to defeat Biff Wellington, Road Block, and Masao Orihara. Despite his return to enhancement status, 1990 proved to be Lombardi's most successful year in his career to date as he won 35 singles matches.

Lombardi entered 1991 as probably the most prominent opening card act in the company, but the wins were not to continue. Wrestling still as the Brooklyn Brawler, he fell in defeat to almost every member of the roster and gained just six victories during the year. On the March 30th episode of WWF Superstars Lombardi faced Ricky Steamboat in "The Dragon"'s return match after a three-year absence. On March 24 he competed in the dark match of WrestleMania VII against Koko B Ware. Other notable losses saw Brawler lose to a young Scott Putski on a May 28 WWF Superstars dark match, as well as Vic Steamboat (wrestling as "Jesse Bolt") in another dark match at the July 29th WWF Superstars taping.

In August Lombardi traveled to Japan again as part of another joint WWF/SWS tour and teamed with Rick Martel. The following month saw Lombardi engage in his first feud since 1989, when he became part of a short angle with newcomer Big Bully Busick to determine who was the true bully of the WWF. On the October 28th edition of Prime Time Wrestling the Brawler defeated Busick by countout in what turned out to be the blowoff for the feud. Brawler defeated the Bully by countout and in a rematch one week later saw the Brawler dominate the Bully until the latter's manager Harvey Wippleman (Lombardi's real life best friend) grabbed the Brawler's leg, leading to a controversial win for the Bully. The feud with Busick led to a quasi-face turn for Lombardi as he was then matched up against various heel opponents for the remainder of 1991.

Lombardi opened 1992 anchoring the dark match of yet another PPV, this time the 1992 Royal Rumble. He initially defeated Chris Walker with his feet on the ropes; afterwards WWF President Jack Tunney came out and reversed the decision. Lombardi returned to heel status with his Brawler gimmick, matching up against numerous faces during the winter and spring such as Kerry Von Erich, Tatanka, and Big Bossman. Lombardi renewed his partnership with a returning Barry Horowitz on March 9 at a WWF Superstars taping, facing and losing to The Samoan Swat Team in the latter's tryout match. They teamed again in December against The Bushwhackers. He spent much of the spring and summer engaged in a house show series with Jim Powers, Jim Brunzell, Crush, and Tito Santana during which he was winless. He closed out 1992 on a lengthy losing streak to Jim Duggan.

Going into 1993 Lombardi was back where he had been prior to the Brawler gimmick – stuck as enhancement talent with no clear path upwards. And it was finally during this year, a decade into his tenure with the company that he went on his longest winning streak to date. Matched again versus Jim Powers in numerous house show matches, Lombardi put together an eight match winning streak in March and April. Later in the spring Lombardi defeated a young Scott Taylor in a tryout match in Sydney, Nova Scotia at a Wrestling Challenge taping. In the summer the Brawler was matched up against another young wrestler – The Predator (Mike Bollea), with Lombardi winning each match. He closed out the summer teaming with Blake Beverly and Little Louie against The Bushwhackers and Tiger Jackson, as well as defeating a young Tommy Dreamer at a WWF Superstars taping on August 17.

Various gimmicks (1993–1994)
Two weeks later, on August 31, Lombardi finally received a new gimmick – that of a baseball player seemingly modeled after The Furies from the movie The Warriors. At a WWF Superstars taping in Grand Rapids, MI he debuted with the new persona and defeated Reno Riggins, then did the same the following day at a Wrestling Challenge event. A month later, as "MVP", he made his first appearance on Monday Night Raw and participated in the 20-man battle royal to determine the champion for the vacated Intercontinental title. MVP was eliminated by Owen Hart. The following day at WWF Superstars he defeated Duane Gill, but at this point the WWF decided to shelf the gimmick and he was reassigned to temporarily play the role of Doink the Clown that had been vacated by Matt Borne.

Wrestling as Doink, he was winless against Bret Hart, 1-2-3 Kid, and Bam-Bam Bigelow. Still in the clown gimmick, Lombardi made his first appearance in the United States Wrestling Association on October 26 in Louisville, KY. Teaming with Brian Christopher, the two defeated Jeff Jarrett and Tony Falk. He continued to play Doink until Ray Apollo assumed the gimmick. Following the 1993 Survivor Series, Lombardi wrestled under his fourth gimmick of the year. Unofficially restarting his partnership with Barry Horowitz, the duo competed as The Red and Black Knights (the Knights having been a Survivor Series team under Shawn Michaels, previously portrayed by Jeff Gaylord, Greg Valentine, and Horowitz). The Knights participated in several house show matches against The Smoking Gunns. A fifth gimmick was also used at points, as Lombardi portrayed Kim Chee (Kamala's handler) during his 1986–87 and 1992 stints with the WWF and briefly in 1993 as a singles wrestler after Kamala left him for the newly ordained Reverend Slick.

In November 1993, Lombardi also returned to his Brooklyn Brawler gimmick, but was winless in encounters with Diesel, Tatanka, and Bob Backlund. He made his first PPV appearance of the year, wrestling in the dark match at the Survivor Series and losing to Billy Gunn. Still, he ended 1993 having enjoyed more success than at any point in the decade, having garnered 23 wins. Over a decade into his tenure with the company, Lombardi now found himself as the long-tenured active wrestler within the WWF. Having returned to the Brawler gimmick however he remained in his enhancement talent role. He again participated in another wrestler's debut, this time facing Bob Holly on the January 29th episode of WWF Superstars (Fayetteville, NC). Lombardi earned yet another dark match at a PPV, this time at the 1994 Royal Rumble. However unlike previous appearances, he earned his first ever PPV victory by defeating long-time foe Jim Powers. This was his only victory for many months as he entered another long losing streak, falling to Bob Holly and Bob Backlund on numerous house show events.

The impending baseball shutdown of 1994 provided a window of opportunity for him, and on the July 16th episode of Monday Night RAW the WWF began hyping the impending debut of a new wrestler called Abe "Knuckleball" Schwartz. In early August as the 1994 Major League Baseball strike began, Lombardi made his return as Schwartz. Basically a renamed version of the MVP gimmick, Lombardi's face was painted to look like a baseball and he wore a jersey with the number 00. In addition, he was accompanied to the ring by a carnival-like version of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game." Later, the MVP name was used by Montel Vontavious Porter in 2006. On the August 15th edition of RAW he made his debut as Abe Schwartz, blaming the fans for the baseball strike. Although barely recognizable in the gimmick, Lombardi's career was little changed by the new persona. He continued to lose matches to Bob Holly, as well as dropping numerous contests to a young PJ Walker. Finally in late September he enjoyed his first win streak, defeating Louie Spicolli and PJ Walker on numerous house show matches on the West Coast. However the WWF pulled the plug on the gimmick again, and Lombardi returned once more to the Brooklyn Brawler persona.

Sporadic appearances (1995–1998)
Lombardi made his first PPV appearance of 1995 in the dark match of the Royal Rumble, facing Buck Quartermain. Wrestling now full-time as The Brooklyn Brawler, his career was seemingly devoid of momentum as he dropped matches to Lex Luger, Duke Droese, Man Mountain Rock, and Doink (Ray Apollo). For the first time in over a year, he resumed his partnership with Horowitz yet again and faced off against Tekno Team 2000 in their Monday Night Raw debut on May 16. They also lost to The Bushwhackers and The Smoking Gunns.

With the WWF cutting back touring that year, Lombardi's appearances became less frequent. He was now the last of the troupe of enhancement talent.

As the Brawler, he made a non-wrestling appearance on the January 1st episode of RAW to present the "Steve Lombardi Trophy" to the winners of the RAW Bowl. His appearances from this point forward became much more limited. However, on March 10 at a WWF Superstars taping in Corpus Christi he participated in the debut of perhaps the most famous of the wrestlers that he had helped usher into the company – Dwayne Johnson. This came over a decade after a young Lombardi had faced his father Rocky Johnson. Johnson later recalled the match in his autobiography; praising Lombardi as a stand-up wrestler. He wrestled only thirteen times that year, ending with matches against Sid and Bob Holly.

Although his appearances were now occasional, Lombardi enjoyed his biggest moment thirteen years into his WWF career. On the September 22 show at Madison Square Garden he unexpectedly won a 20-man battle royal to earn his first ever WWF World Title opportunity. On the following show on November 15, Lombardi received his shot. Coming out to Frank Sinatra's "New York, New York", he wrestled for 15 minutes against Shawn Michaels and dominated the world champion; however he finally lost after Chyna and HHH interfered. On December 15, he faced Mark Henry in a singles match, but lost by Submission. On January 12, 1998, when he lost a Monday Night RAW dark match to Bart Gunn, who was then billed briefly as "Black Bart". Still working in as The Brooklyn Brawler.

Semi-retirement and WWE departure (1998–present)
Lombardi retired from full-time active competition and instead worked primarily as a road agent for the WWF. He still made occasional appearances in ring, and the first came at Fully Loaded: In Your House where he hugged Vince McMahon, Sgt. Slaughter, Pat Patterson and Gerald Brisco. His first match back he lost to Bob Holly on Shotgun Saturday Night episode October 3, 1998 (taped September 28, 1998).

With the Monday Night War in full-swing and business soaring for the company, Lombardi's activity picked up in 1999. He wrestled several times on a European tour in April 1999, facing Christian, X-Pac, and Al Snow. Lombardi wrestled his first televised match in two years when he appeared on the July 3rd edition of Shotgun Saturday Night in a match against WWF Hardcore Championship Al Snow. The referee in the match was former heel manager Harvey Wippleman, who prevented Snow from using weapons while allowing Lombardi to use outside objects instead. Snow successfully retained his title. The following month during the WWF referee strike storyline, Lombardi worked as a ref during a Sunday Night Heat match. He concluded 1999 with a Jakked appearance, tagging with Mideon in a losing effort to Taka Michinoku and Sho Funaki.

On the February 28, 2000 edition of Monday Night RAW The Rock came out and said that he would become WWF World Champion at WrestleMania 2000. WWF World Champion HHH then came out and said that since The Rock was no longer the #1 Contender, he would have to start at the very bottom and work his way up. HHH then booked a match between The Rock and The Brooklyn Brawler, which Rock won in under a minute. On the July 4th edition of Smackdown Lombardi gained his first victory in several years when he joined Taka Michinoku and Sho Funaki to face HHH in a 3 on 1 match. Lombardi pinned Helmsley after Chris Jericho interfered. Lombardi continued to be semi-active throughout 2000, wrestling in numerous house shows and facing Jerry Lawler for the first time at an event in New Haven, CT on August 9, 2000. He gained several more victories that year as well, defeating Joey Abs and Just Joe.

The surge of in-ring activity continued, as Lombardi began 2001 with a victory over The Goodfather on January 13, 2001, in Detroit, MI after Billy Gunn interfered. He wrestled several house show matches that winter, facing Al Snow, Crash Holly, and Rhyno. After appearing in numerous dark matches throughout his career, Lombardi finally wrestled during the live broadcast of a PPV when he once again appeared as Kamala's handler Kim Chee at WrestleMania X-Seven and competed in the gimmick battle royal.

After being inactive throughout the summer, Lombardi returned to the house show circuit to face Chuck Palumbo in October In November he was matched against MMA fighter Ron Waterman, who was working for the WWF at the time under a developmental deal. On November 26, Lombardi returned to television for the first time in over a year when he faced Perry Saturn on Jakked. He lost to the Big Show on December 30.

At this point Lombardi's in ring appearances became sporadic. After working a string of house show matches in January 2002, he was inactive for the entire year. In 2003 he participated in the APA Invitational Battle Royal at Vengeance in Denver, Colorado on July 27.

After being inactive during 2004, Lombardi returned on the April 18, 2005 edition of Monday Night RAW which was held at Madison Square Garden. He appeared in a segment where John Heidenreich read a poem devoted to The Brooklyn Brawler. In response Brawler dismissed the poem, disowned the city of Brooklyn, and declared himself "The Boston Brawler". They then fought backstage. As part of an angle on SmackDown!, he adopted the moniker of the "Boston Brawler", shedding his customary New York Yankees apparel in favor of Boston Red Sox clothing. This was done in response to the Red Sox' defeat of the Yankees in the 2004 American League Championship Series.

He reprised his role as Kim Chee, having apparently reconciled with Kamala, on the August 11, 2005, edition of SmackDown accompanying the Ugandan Giant to the ring for his match with Randy Orton. He also appeared with him on the June 26, 2006, episode for Kamala's match against Umaga.

In early 2006, he still worked behind the scenes of WWE, including behind the camera with John Cena on his WWE.com show "Five Questions". Cena often makes references to Lombardi, even jokingly calling him the greatest technical wrestler of all time. Also, his face popped up in front of Cena's mouth to censor curse words, usually saying "nu-uh" or "brawler". On the June 2, 2006, episode of Five Questions, Brawler showed his face. He even censored himself, saying "you are a piece of Brawler". In another episode of "Five Questions," Cena made the claim that Lombardi was actually born in Detroit, and not in Brooklyn, however this was later proven false (and likely a work). On May 7, 2006, WWE.com announced that, as part of Jakks Pacific's WWE Classic Superstars collection, they would be releasing a Brooklyn Brawler action figure. At Vengeance, Brawler appeared as Doink the Clown when he came out to the ring with Eugene during Eugene's match with Umaga. On August 1, 2006, Lombardi went to the ECW brand for a match against then ECW wrestler, Kurt Angle. Lombardi quickly lost when Angle applied an ankle lock on him. That same week, he appeared on SmackDown! against Vito, losing by submission. On the December 18 edition of Raw, Lombardi appeared in the 30 man battle royal as the Brooklyn Brawler.

On the 15th anniversary of Raw on December 10, 2007, Lombardi appeared as Abe "Knuckleball" Schwartz in a segment. When Triple H saw him, he exclaimed "I guess the Brooklyn Brawler was busy".

On the 10th anniversary of "Smackdown" on September 29, 2009, in Boston, Lombardi appeared as The Brooklyn Brawler in a backstage anniversary party along with numerous other wrestlers.

Lombardi made a return appearance in the November 15, 2010 "Raw Goes Old School" episode of Raw as the Brooklyn Brawler with Harvey Wippleman as his manager. He lost in a match against Ezekiel Jackson.

The Brooklyn Brawler made a surprise return to pay-per-view on December 16, 2012, at the TLC pay-per-view (which took place at the recently opened Barclays Center in Brooklyn), teaming with the Miz and Alberto Del Rio to defeat 3MB (Heath Slater, Drew McIntyre and Jinder Mahal). Brawler won the match for his team via submission with a Boston crab on Mahal.

At the July 15, 2013 Raw taping from Brooklyn, in a match taped for Superstars, Lombardi competed in a match almost thirty years after his debut. Wrestling as the Brawler, he was defeated by Ryback. In May 2016, Lombardi was released from WWE, thus ending Lombardi's 33-year career with WWE.

On January 22, 2018, Lombardi made an appearance at Raw 25 Years in a backstage segment with Kurt Angle.

As of 2024 he still wrestles in the independents.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Allied Powers Wrestling Federation
 * APWF Television Championship (5 times)
 * Border City Wrestling
 * BCW Can-Am Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * BCW Can-Am Television Championship (1 time)
 * International Wrestling Association
 * IWA United States Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * NWA Michigan
 * NWA Michigan Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Southwest
 * NWA Southwest Television Championship (4 times)
 * Regional Championship Wrestling
 * RCW United States Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Jay Love
 * Total Professional Wrestling
 * TPW Light Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
 * TPW Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Red Flair
 * Wrecking Ball Wrestling
 * WBW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * Slammy Award (1 time)
 * Worst Idea (1994) Abe Knuckleball Schwartz on strike

title: Steve Lombardi


text:
Atlantis Armenian Airlines

Atlantis Armenian Airlines LLC, commonly known as Atlantis European Airways, was an airline operator registered in Armenia. The airline ceased operations on 20 February 2021.

Operations
As of 2014, the airline only offered codeshare flights in cooperation with Austrian Airlines and Czech Airlines without operating any own aircraft. However they started to build up their own fleet with a sole pre-owned Airbus A320-200 with the aim to serve leisure destinations.

According to the company's then business plan, the airline would operate flights from Yerevan to Tbilisi and Kutaisi airports in Georgia, as well as services to other destinations within the region. In 2020 summer season, Atlantis Armenian Airlines planned to operate flights from Yerevan to Vienna, Prague, and Athens, as well as to Kyiv and Moscow using Airbus A320 aircraft. The airline also intended to operate charter flights to various Greek Islands.

In August 2020, the Armenian authorities suspended the airlines licenses, it subsequently ceased all operations for good on 20 February 2021.

Fleet
The Atlantis European Airways fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

title: Atlantis Armenian Airlines


text:
Talk:Noirmoutier-en-l'Île

Merge
This page should be merged with Île de Noirmoutier. -Fred Bradstadt 13:27, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:PLflag.gif
Image:PLflag.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:10, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Citing the potato claims
I did a bit of Googling and I think the following sources are sufficiently reliable for citing these potato claims:
 * Yes, the potato has an official website, albeit available only in French. - Dravecky (talk) 14:38, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, the potato has an official website, albeit available only in French. - Dravecky (talk) 14:38, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, the potato has an official website, albeit available only in French. - Dravecky (talk) 14:38, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Noirmoutier-en-l'Île. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071124142010/http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp to http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp

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title: Talk:Noirmoutier-en-l'Île


text:
Talk:Noirmoutier

This page should be merged with Noirmoutier-en-l'Île. -Fred Bradstadt 13:27, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Translating from Spanish
Will continue to add from the Spanish (and the French).

Fair use rationale for Image:PLflag.gif
Image:PLflag.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:11, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fleur de Sel
Is this the same Noirmoutier that produces Fleur de sel ? If so, shouldn't there be some mention about it ? - --172.143.52.47 14:53, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Yes, the island has plots of land that are flooded by sea water, which evaporates, and the salt is harvested. I have ridden a bike past several such plots of land, and I have purchased Ile de Noirmoutier fleur de sel on the island. They are also known for their potatoes. Should there be a mention of that here? Heidegener 18:19, 7 July 2007 (UTC)HD, 7 July 2007

Roman Road
Isn't the Passage du Gois a Roman-built road? Heidegener 18:30, 7 July 2007 (UTC)HD 7 July 2007

Coordinate error
The coordinates need the following fixes:

 * The Google Earth .kml file doesn't link to the Ile, only to the Bay of Biscay.

--Ian Page (talk) 06:03, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

 * — All Google mapping products sometimes take you to the wrong place even though they are provided the correct coordinates by Wikipedia/GeoHack. (And my personal observation is that the error most often occurs for longitudes near the prime meridian, but that could be wrong.) The problem is with Google, not with Wikipedia or GeoHack. I recommend using Acme or WikiMapia rather than Google, but let me also note that the error seems to occur less often (and perhaps not at all), if you'll use the "w/ meta data" link for Google Earth instead of the regular link. Best regards,  T RANSPORTER M AN  ( TALK ) 20:29, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

in pop culture
It features in 'a secret kept' by Tatiana de Rosnay136.36.180.215 (talk) 04:02, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Noirmoutier


text:
Jiří Bartoška

Jiří Bartoška (born 24 March 1947) is a Czech theatre, television, and film actor and president of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. His most notable film roles include performances in Sekal Has to Die (1998), All My Loved Ones (1999), and Tiger Theory (2016), as well as the television series Sanitka (1984) and Neviditelní (2014).

Education and career
Bartoška was born in Děčín and went to high school in Pardubice. After graduating, he attended the Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts in Brno. He joined the Divadlo Husa na provázku theatre in Brno and in 1973, moved to northern Czechoslovakia to the Činoherní studio Ústí nad Labem theatre, where he stayed until 1978. At this point, the actor moved to Prague, where he began a residency at the Theatre on the Balustrade. In 1991, together with a number of colleagues, Bartoška transferred to the newly established Divadlo Bez zábradlí theatre. He has also been a successful film and television actor, and has lent his voice to a number of documentary films.

Since 1994, Bartoška has been president of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, where he collaborates mainly with film critic and journalist Eva Zaoralová.

In 2000, he won a Czech Lion for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in All My Loved Ones. He had been nominated for the same award the previous year for his performance in Sekal Has to Die, though he didn't win.

Political activity
During the Communist era in Czechoslovakia, Bartoška was a signatory of the 1977 Anticharter, in opposition to the Charter 77 civic initiative co-written by dissident and playwright Václav Havel. In 1989, in a seeming about-face, Bartoška signed Několik vět, a document put forward by Charter 77; he also joined a petition for Havel's release from prison. The same year, he co-founded the Civic Forum political movement with Havel. At a demonstration on 10 December 1989, he announced his candidacy for president of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

In 2016, responding to a number of statements made by president Miloš Zeman, as well as the Prohlášení čtyř document, which criticized the meeting between then-culture minister Daniel Herman and the Dalai Lama, Bartoška and Vojtěch Dyk incited the Czech public to civil unrest.

title: Jiří Bartoška


text:
Iron Knob

Iron Knob is a town in the Australian state of South Australia on the Eyre Peninsula immediately south of the Eyre Highway. At the 2006 census, Iron Knob and the surrounding area had a population of 199. The town obtained its name from its proximity to large deposits of iron ore, most notably Iron Monarch which outcropped prominently from the relatively flat, surrounding landscape.

Iron ore mining
The name Iron Knob first appeared on pastoral lease maps of 1854. The first mineral claim in the area was pegged by BHP in 1897. Mining commenced in 1900. Iron ore was first transported by bullock wagon to Port Augusta, where it was loaded on to 200-ton barges. From 1903, it was transported by rail to Whyalla and ship to Port Pirie where it was used as a flux in the lead smelter there. In 1901 the BHP Whyalla Tramway from Iron Knob to Hummock Hill (later renamed Whyalla) was completed, followed by wharves in 1903. These allowed the direct loading of ships which could transport the ore across Spencer Gulf to Port Pirie.

Iron Knob's iron ore proved to be of such high quality (upwards of 60% purity) that it led to the development of the Australian steel industry. It supplied iron to the Newcastle Steelworks and Port Kembla in the 1910s and 1920s and Whyalla in the 1930s. The iron ore was transported by the BHP Whyalla Tramway to Whyalla where it was either smelted or dispatched by sea.

21% of the steel required for the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was quarried at Iron Knob and smelted at Port Kembla, New South Wales. The remaining 79% was imported from Britain.

In the 1920s, iron ore from Iron Knob was exported to the Netherlands and the United States of America. In the 1930s, customers included Germany and the United Kingdom.

Prior to World War II, iron ore from Iron Knob was also exported to Japan. In the financial year 1935–36, 291,961 tonnes of ore from Iron Knob was shipped there via the seaport of Whyalla. This became a controversial matter in the late 1930s due in part to Australia's known reserves at the time being limited to Iron Knob and Yampi Sound in Western Australia. Japan was also considered an 'aggressor' nation following acts of war against China in 1937. Waterfront workers and seamen protested against the export of iron ore to Japan, leading to strikes and arrests.

In 1937, output from the Middleback Range, mostly from Iron Monarch was estimated at 2 mtpa. In 1939, it was referred to in England as the highest grade deposit of iron ore known in the world. In 1943, the iron Knob deposit was still delivering an average ore grade of 64 percent metallic content. In 1949, 99% of Australian demand for iron ore was met by supply from Iron Knob and associated mines in South Australia, having risen from 95% in 1943.

Additional deposits of iron ore were developed by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company further south along the Middleback Range. These include Iron Baron, Iron Prince and Iron Queen (discovered in 1920) and Iron Knight, Iron Duchess and Iron Duke (discovered in 1934).

Mine closure and re-opening
Quarrying for iron at Iron Knob and Iron Monarch ended in 1998. When the quarrying stopped, the town population declined to 200 and Iron Knob was under threat of becoming a ghost town. However, due to rising prices of housing elsewhere, the town has attracted new residents seeking low cost residences. A home could be purchased for approximately A$35,000–70,000 and vacant land could be purchased for less than A$15,000.

In 2010, Onesteel (later Arrium) announced that it would return to Iron Knob to reopen the Iron Monarch mine. The Iron Monarch mine was prepared for reopening by Arrium in 2013. As of 2015, both Iron Monarch and Iron Duke continue to produce iron ore for export and for smelting at the Whyalla Steelworks.

Transport
In the early days of mining at Iron Knob, ironstone was carted by oxen to Hummock Hill (renamed Whyalla in 1914). Approximately 300 LT was delivered in a good week. Construction of a private railway greatly increased transportation rates and by 1939, 9000 LT of ore were delivered daily to Whyalla by rail; trains carried loads of 2000 LT.

Ships operated by the BHP Shipping were named with Iron as their prefix; some were built by the company at the Whyalla Steelworks.

Highway 1 regularly closes due to controlled explosions.

title: Iron Knob


text:
Museum of Romani Culture

The Museum of Romani Culture (Czech: Muzeum romské kultury) is an institution dedicated to the history and culture of the Romani people (Gypsies). It is situated in Brno, Czech Republic.

History
The Museum was founded in 1991 by members of the Czech Romani intelligentsia, led by Jana Horváthová, in the period of freedom which followed the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia. During its early years, its location moved from one place to another and the institution struggled with financial problems. In December 2000, it moved to its present building on Bratislavská Street in Brno, which is the centre of the local Romani community. The museum is now financed from the state budget.

Exhibitions
The Museum of Romani Culture constantly organizes various thematic exhibitions, e.g. Roma in Czechoslovakia (1992), Roma in the City of Brno (1996), Searching for Home (1999), The World through the Eyes of the Roma (1997–2005), The Story of the Roma (2011), Media Image of the Roma from the 19th century to the present (2013), Gypsy Myth (2014), World without Borders. Roma and Sport (2014), Roma Treasure (2016). In 2017, it was a temporary photographic exhibition by Nino Nihad Pušija Parno Gras and an exhibition Without Hate? HateFree ?. In cooperation with the Moravian Gallery, the Museum of Romani Culture has prepared the exhibition The Universe is Black in the Governor's Palace. In 2018, the museum prepared an exhibition by Mire Sveti / Světy Andrej Pešta and Ceija Stojka.

Library
The library sources include important research papers and prints, Romani literature, news articles in Czech and Slovakian (regarding to Roma), news articles about Roma in foreign languages, overview of legislations, printed discussions and debates.

Roma and Sinti Center in Prague
In September 2020, the newly emerging specialized workplace of the museum was introduced - the Roma and Sinti Center in Prague. The first center of this type in the capital is to become a space for education and exhibition activities and will function as an information center and a place for community and social gatherings. It will be built in a First Republic villa in Prague's Dejvice at Velvarská 1. The Museum of Romani Culture has been the administrator of the building since 2019. The family house was designed by architects Arnošt (Ernst) Mühlstein and Victor Fürpro in 1937 for Leo František Perutz, a textile entrepreneur. The building will be renovated and purposefully completed, the work is expected to be completed in 2022. The center is to be opened on March 1, 2023.

title: Museum of Romani Culture


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:Eccentrics

The following discussion comes from Categories for deletion. This is an archive of the discussion only; please do not edit this page. -Kbdank71 20:40, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Category:Eccentrics

 * After some confusion (the request to merge and delete was removed from the Categories for deletion page before it had been completed), the merge has been done and the category has been deleted. -[[User:Aranel|Aranel (" Sarah ")]] 21:35, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Round one: October 10, 2004
Removed cfd notice from category and this discussion to category talk:eccentrics.
 * I count four delete votes (including those from the category's talk page), one keep, and one "at least change the name". -[[User:Aranel|Aranel (" Sarah ")]] 01:08, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Reason: No form of discussion had taken place on that discussion page, prior to CfD listing. The category definition seem pretty much OK and workable (referring to definition on List of notable eccentrics). All the rest to be done before re-listing here is described in categorization of people.

--Francis Schonken 10:16, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC) Definition cited above:

"Eccentricity is necessarily a relative definition. An eccentric is someone whose behaviour, beliefs and/or hobbies deviates in significant way from the accepted norms that the rest of the society that defines that person recognizes as proper or as traditional. He or she may be regarded as strange, odd or at least unconventional, irregular and erratic. Other people usually regard the eccentric with apprehension but also with considerable amusement."

Although I am an eccentric, (by this definition most wikipedians are -- who does this kind of thing for free but an eccentric?) I might be offended to find that an article about me was listed at the bottom as being part of Category:Eccentrics, but it might not bother me to see Category:Notable eccentrics, and any article on any eccentric in wikipedia is likely to be a notable eccentric. Maybe we could change the category name?Pedant 01:52, 2004 Nov 9 (UTC)
 * Splitting this discussion onto two pages makes this confusing. There is no rule that states that there must first be discussion on the talk page for an article or category listed for deletion. But at Category talk:Eccentrics, there are currently three delete votes. There is one keep here, and one request to at least change the name. Anyone else? -[[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 20:59, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. And stop removing listings from CfD.  Postdlf 23:20, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

From Category talk:Eccentrics
Moved here from CfD:

This is POV. If person A is eccentric to person B, then person B is eccentric to person A. Zh 04:58, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, this one is also redundant because there already is a list of notable eccentrics. Sietse 08:48, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, because this is ridiculously POV and a waste of time. Revolver 20:48, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I've restored the listing on Categories for deletion, which is where such proposals should be discussed. I copied the votes and comments above to CfD. Further votes and comments should be placed on Categories for deletion. JamesMLane 04:09, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Round two: December 13, 2004
Apparently this category was listed on CfD in October. Thereafter the CfD discussion was moved to Category talk:Eccentrics, but the CfD notice stayed on the article (although now directing people to a nonexistent entry on this page). Copied below is what's on the category talk page, including the original CfD listing by Zh; I've added my vote after that. JamesMLane 04:07, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is POV. If person A is eccentric to person B, then person B is eccentric to person A. Zh 04:58, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, this one is also redundant because there already is a list of notable eccentrics. Sietse 08:48, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, because this is ridiculously POV and a waste of time. Revolver 20:48, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV. JamesMLane 04:07, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. If some people are widely considered to be cranks/kooks/eccentrics, how is that POV? jni 09:41, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think list of notable eccentrics covers it. we only need people who are notable for being eccentric, not everyone notable who is regarded as something of an eccentric. For example, I think a large portion of famous artists would qualify as eccentrics, but they should still be listed as painters, actors or musicians.--MaxMad 12:24, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: The list is sufficient. DCEdwards1966 00:42, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Absolutely keep. Dbiv 21:46, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

See Categories_for_deletion/resolved. The consensus was to delete the category. It just wasn't deleted. (Which may have been my fault.) I don't believe it's necessary to go through this again. -[[User:Aranel|Aranel (" Sarah ")]] 15:34, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, it was listed for a merge to List of notable eccentrics. See . It was apparently removed (perhaps accidentally) before that merge had taken place. -[[User:Aranel|Aranel (" Sarah ")]] 15:46, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Just as long as the category gets deleted. Postdlf 04:55, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Round three: March 18, 2005
See Categories_for_deletion/resolved. Seems this category was deleted on December 20 and re-created on December 22. Last consensus was that a list was appropriate. What do we want to do this time? -Kbdank71 17:50, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. All of the previous arguments hold. Use List of people widely considered eccentric. This is a speedy deletion candidate (rule 4). -Aranel (" Sarah ") 18:03, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. agreeing with Sarah on the matter of using the existing list. I kind of smell something not quite right about the subcategories that have been set up also. Courtland 23:59, 2005 Mar 9 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 18:20, Mar 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inherently POV, objective, unnecessary. (User:Willmcw)
 * Delete. POV. Should we make Category:Normals?  --A D Monroe III 23:15, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)


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Tsing Yi Park

Tsing Yi Park is a public park on the Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong with Tsing Yi Estate, Tsing Yi Garden, Broadview Garden and St. Paul's Village in its proximity. It was opened to the public in September 1996, with area of 7.09 hectares, the park was organised by the Leisure and Cultural Service Department. It locates at 60 Tsing King Road and it is under Kwai Tsing District. The park features a pond with many turles and trees and much nature. The park was designed to have a pure European style.

title: Tsing Yi Park


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Ding Zilin

Ding Zilin (born December 20, 1936, or January 1, 1939 ) is a retired professor of philosophy and the leader of the political activist group Tiananmen Mothers. Ding is the mother of Jiang Jielian, one of the first student protestors killed during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and ensuing crackdown.

Biography
Ding, born in Shanghai on December 20, 1936, was professor of philosophy at Renmin University of China in Beijing. Her husband, Jiang Peikun, was head of the Aesthetics Institute at the university.

Ding's seventeen-year-old son, Jiang Jielian, was one of the first to be killed when the People's Liberation Army crushed the Tiananmen Square protests. He left the family home in defiance of the curfew. Accounts vary of what happened next. Eyewitnesses had told her that her son was shot and was left to bleed to death on the night of June 3, 1989. Ding says he was shot through the heart by riot police on the way to Tiananmen Square. He was rushed to the Beijing Children's Hospital, where he was pronounced "Dead on arrival".

Following her son's death, Ding said she attempted suicide six times.

In August 1989, she met another bereaved mother, and found a commonality within the self-help group, which continued growing. She formed a network of some 150 other families who had lost sons and daughters during the 1989 Tiananmen massacre, and this group became known as "Tiananmen Mothers". Ever since that day, she has been asking the government to apologize for the deaths. She and some others have faced imprisonment, house-arrest, phone-tapping and constant surveillance.

In 1991, after an interview she gave to ABC News, the government prevented her and her husband from carrying out their work or research, and were barred from publishing domestically. Party membership was revoked. In addition, she was detained for more than 40 days. She was forced into early retirement. Since her release, she was under close supervision by the authorities. Harassment continued when on September 9, 1994, she was arrested in front of the university and held by police for two hours, for having had published an article in the foreign media "hurtful to the people". Again in 1995, she and her husband were arrested in Wuxi on August 18 and incarcerated until September 30, allegedly on "economic matters", and were denied visitors. In 1996 Ding's husband was forced to retire early. Since February 28, 2000, she has been under 24-hour surveillance by the authorities.

In 2004, she and other Tiananmen Mothers were put under house arrest shortly before the 15th anniversary of the massacre to prevent them from holding any public memorial or protest. She was allegedly told by a senior official that a review of the June 4, 1989, crackdown was "out of the question". In 2006, Time magazine selected her as one of the "60 Asian heroes".

She has been collecting the names of those who were shot dead by the People's Liberation Army in Beijing around June 4, 1989. At the end of June 2006, Ding was able to confirm 186 deaths through her own efforts despite repeated harassment by the authorities. However, upon close inspection of the cause of deaths, not all individuals on Ding's list died directly at the hands of the army. For example, at least one of the individuals on the list had committed suicide after the uprising had been squashed.

She and her husband have been under house arrest as of May 24, 2004. On February 8, 2007, she won the Vasyl Stus "Freedom-to-Write" Award for her book Looking for the June 4 victims. She was ordered to leave Beijing for a forced vacation during the 2008 Summer Olympics. Following the announcement that Liu Xiaobo had won the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, and his dedication of his prize to those who died in 1989, dissident groups reported on October 18 she and her husband may have been taken into custody by police, and have not been seen or heard from for four days; their phones have been cut off.

Activism
Since her son's death in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Ding Zilin has been fighting for justice for the victims. Her activism has drawn international attention and association with recognizable human rights groups such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and HRIC (Human Rights in China). New York based human rights watchdog HRIC has been labelled by the Chinese government as a hostile organization. Because of Ding Zilin's efforts, Amnesty International has a political campaign to put pressure on the Chinese government to acknowledge and apologize for the deaths of so many citizens. Amnesty applauded the Chinese government in June 2007 for allowing Ding Zilin, her husband and two other dead citizens’ kin to light candles west of Tiananmen Square. Despite the minimal recognition from the government, Amnesty urges Chinese authorities to allow open debate and more public memorials in order to help improve Chinas human rights record and the image of Beijing on the international stage. Ding Zilin and human rights groups demand the Chinese government to stop labelling the student protest with political jargon such as "counter-revolutionary rebellion".

Organization
Tiananmen Mothers is an activist group of people who lost family members on June fourth. Spearheaded by Ding Zilin they have collected over one hundred names of individuals who openly state that they lost a loved one on that day. Over the past twenty years in public letters published by multiple sources including Human Rights in China, The China Post, The New York Times, Time and Amnesty International, the Tiananmen Mothers continue to publish a list of demands:

 * The right to mourn peacefully and in public
 * The right to accept humanitarian aid from organizations and individuals inside and outside China
 * No more persecution of June Fourth victims, including those injured in the massacre and the families of the dead
 * The release of all people still suffering in prison for their role in the 1989 protests
 * A full, public accounting for the June Fourth Massacre, ending the impunity for the perpetrators of this crime

Civil disobedience
Despite her multiple arrests and constant surveillance, civil disobedience is Ding Zilin's daily choice, she never stops using her voice to speak out in non-violent ways against the violations of human rights committed by the Chinese government. On April 5, 2004, Time magazine said that Ding Zilin is "the symbolic leader for many people in China who want the government to account for its actions that night. She is a small woman with a strong voice. Her bereavement makes her powerful". Author of Beijing Coma, Ma Jian also discusses her civil disobedience in a June 4, 2008, New York Times article. He describes how she will once again defy authorities and lay a memorial off Chang'an Avenue. He suggests "behind the bravado, the party is as fearful as a deer in the headlights," of displays of support that show that despite government efforts to erase history many refuse to forget.

Statements
In June 2009, in a Newsweek interview with Ding Zilin, she condemned the actions and legacy of many historical figures. She questioned why Deng Xiaoping was not brought to justice like the notorious former Cambodian Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot. Ding Zilin uses her son's story to spread the message of human rights in China and feels it should be a central political issue. She was disappointed when US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that close Sino-American Relations should not be overshadowed by human rights. She does, however, acknowledge that in 1995 Hillary Clinton helped to get her released from one of her many incarcerations. Ding Zilin condemned former President Bill Clinton for attending a ceremonial red carpet appearance in Tiananmen Square: "With the blood of the students still wet, the wounds still there, unhealed, how could Clinton step onto the red carpet to review Chinese troops?". Human Rights Watch claims that on May 26, 1994, President Clinton said China had not made significant progress on many of the issues outlined in his 1993 Executive Order, however, a tough human rights policy was hampering the ability of the US to pursue other interests Human rights groups like HRIC, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch describe in their philosophies to be critical of governments gaining international power with bad human rights records.

Ding Zilin has dedicated the remainder of her life after her son's death to being a human rights activist. She has most recently spoken out in support of Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo. Her continued campaigning relies on support from fundraising organizations like Fill the Square.

title: Ding Zilin


text:
Talk:Diffeology

I am pretty sure, that the real vector spaces form a proper class. As every constant map has to be a plot there is at least one map for any real vector space. Plots therefore cannot form a set but a proper class.

According to Introduction to Diffeology (a working document) the domain of a plot has to be an open subset of Rn, n in N0. Now as N0 is a set the Rn-s form a set and the powerset of this set is also a set and the plots actually form a set. Markus Schmaus 13:29, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diffeology


text:
Ijo

Ijo may refer to:

 * Ijo Temple, a 10th-century Hindu temple in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
 * A subgroup of the Ijaw people of Nigeria, Africa
 * Ijoid languages (or Ịjọ), spoken by the Ijo people
 * Southeast Ijo, an Ijaw language
 * Ii, Finland (Ijo), a municipality in Finland

As an acronym

 * Islamic Jihad Organization
 * International Journal of Obesity

title: Ijo