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Storm Shadow (G.I. Joe)

Storm Shadow is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books and animated series. He is best known as the Cobra Commander's ninja bodyguard, and for his history with fellow ninja Snake Eyes.

Throughout his history, he has changed sides several times; conflicted in loyalties between Cobra, G.I. Joe, and his blood brother, Snake Eyes. Storm Shadow is one of the most prominent characters in the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero franchise, and has appeared in every series since its inception. He is portrayed by Lee Byung-hun in the 2009 live-action film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, and the 2013 sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation. Andrew Koji portrayed Storm Shadow in the 2021 film Snake Eyes.

Profile
In his original A Real American Hero incarnation, Storm Shadow's real name is Thomas S. Arashikage (トーマス・嵐影) (Arashi meaning "Storm" and kage meaning "shadow" in Japanese), a Japanese American. Storm Shadow served in the U.S. Army special operations group along with Snake Eyes, and later invited him to train as a ninja with his family in Japan. The duo have been everything to one another from the bitterest of enemies to the most loyal of friends who would fight and die for one another.

Storm Shadow can trace his family history through thirty generations of assassins. He is an 8th degree black belt in several martial arts, and can endure unimaginable amounts of hardship and pain. Storm Shadow moves with blinding speed, can scale sheer walls with bare hands and feet, and is an expert with a long bow, katana, shuriken and nunchaku. He usually wears a white uniform and mask. When out of his uniform, he is shown to be Japanese with black hair and dark eyes.

In 2007, the character's creator, Larry Hama, revealed an alternate name for the character, Tomisaburo Arashikage (嵐影富三郎), in the solo series Storm Shadow. His tattoo is a hexagram of the I Ching named 既濟 (jì jì), or "Already Fording".

Storm Shadow was only listed with a rank while a member of the Joe team. There are four instances where his file card provides a pay-grade: 1991, 1994, and 1997 releases all have him listed as a Master Sergeant or E-8 (the same rank as Duke), and in the 2007, 25th anniversary release, the file card lists him as E-5.

Toys
Storm Shadow is one of the few characters from the "G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero" line that has been released as both a member of Cobra and a member of G.I. Joe. He first appeared in 1984 as a member of Cobra, but with his second figure released in 1988, he had defected to being a member of G.I. Joe. A new version of Storm Shadow was released as part of the Ninja Force line in 1992. The figure was repainted and released as part of the "Shadow Ninjas" line in 1994.

His loyalties remained with G.I. Joe until in 2000 his figure was released again as a Cobra agent. Since then, he has remained a member of Cobra. He is most often paired with his sword brother, Snake Eyes, in multi or comic packs. He has been released two times unmasked as Tommy Arashikage (once as a mail-away figure and once in a comic pack).

25th Anniversary
The year 2007 was the 25th anniversary of the launch of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, the third major reinvention of the G.I. Joe brand since 1964. To celebrate, Hasbro created two boxed sets of brand new figures, featuring modern sculpts with updated articulation (including the replacement of G.I. Joe's trademark O-ring construction). Storm Shadow contained some new, more intricate details that the original character didn't have. He was included in the Cobra set, along with Cobra Commander, Destro, Baroness, and a Cobra Trooper. He was also included in a two-pack consisting of Storm Shadow and Snake Eyes in their original costumes, and a reissued G.I. Joe #21 comic book, Storm Shadow's first appearance in the series. He was also included in the first wave of single pack figures in his 1988 G.I. Joe urban-camouflage ninja uniform, but still contained slight differences from the 1988 character outfit, since Hasbro decided to reuse most of the tooling of the first figure; hence, he didn't have long sleeves, the placement of his arm tattoo had been moved, and he was missing the recurve bow and the calves garments (the latter of which were actually included on a Cobra-aligned figure featured in a comic pack with Firefly, along with a black backpack based on the 1988 figure's red backpack). A modified version of his 2007 figure appeared in the 2009 Hall of Heroes sub-line, as well as a new Cobra box set, featuring the sleeveless version of his original outfit as it appeared in the original comics and cartoons.

Movie tie-ins and 50th Anniversary
As a featured character in the live-action movie franchise, Storm Shadow received several figures in the respective movie-based toy lines based on his appearances in the films. In addition, as part of the G.I. Joe: Retaliation toyline in 2013, he received an "Ultimate" edition figure based on his original Cobra costume (without sleeves), featuring an additional unmasked head and numerous accessories, including a jet pack with colors and markings based on the Cobra C.L.A.W. jet glider. A budget-line figure exclusive to discount retailers was released in 2012, based on his Ninja Force costume. As part of the 50th anniversary celebration of the G.I. Joe franchise, Storm Shadow received one more release based upon his G.I. Joe urban camo outfit (although his file card and figure stand aligned him with Cobra) in a two-pack with Spirit Iron-Knife in 2015. This figure more accurately replicated the 1988 figure than the 2007 release, and used the backpack and swords from the Firefly comic-pack release, with the backpack colored red like the 1988 toy.

Marvel Comics
Storm Shadow first appeared in Marvel's G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #21 (March 1984), and was created by Larry Hama. Storm Shadow served in Southeast Asia on the same Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol team as future Joes Stalker and Snake Eyes. The intense nature of this service together forged a strong friendship between him and Snake Eyes. After Vietnam, Storm Shadow visited his family in Japan. His family, the Arashikage Clan, had actually been a fierce ninja clan, but for many centuries had remained clandestine. Hoping to learn the ways of the ninja, Storm Shadow studied under the tutelage of his estranged uncle, the Hard Master. When Snake Eyes arrived in Japan following the death of his entire family in a horrific automobile crash, he was invited to study with the clan. He quickly began to surpass Storm Shadow's abilities and was the Hard Master's choice to succeed him as the head of the clan. This caused a rift between the two friends, and Snake Eyes decided that he would leave the clan. However, before he could, an assassin killed the Hard Master while he was demonstrating a ninja technique to Snake Eyes. Due to no one else seeing the assassin, his immediate departure (chasing the assassin who fled in a mini-helicopter belonging to Cobra), that the killer appeared to use a ninja technique that Storm Shadow was a master of, and that the arrow that killed the Hard Master was one of Storm Shadow's personal arrows, Snake Eyes, the Soft Master, and the remaining clan members thought that Storm Shadow was to blame for the murder. (Later it was revealed that Zartan was the assassin. He had used technology to replicate Storm Shadow's "ear that sees" blind aiming technique. His intended target was Snake-Eyes, a revenge killing ordered by Cobra Commander, but the Hard Master had been imitating Snake-Eyes's heartbeat and Zartan shot the wrong target. The arrow was genuinely Storm Shadow's, Zartan had recovered it from outside the Arashikage compound after Stormshadow had callously showed-off and used the "ear that sees" technique to kill a squirrel by shooting through a wall.)

Years passed and Storm Shadow eventually was led to the international terrorist organization Cobra. He was quickly made Cobra Commander's bodyguard and soon thereafter encountered his old friends, Stalker and Snake Eyes, as members of the American strike team, G.I. Joe, designed to destroy Cobra. Storm Shadow befriends the son of Cobra Commander, a teenager named Billy. Eventually the two escape together. After several battles with the Joes, Storm Shadow and Snake Eyes would work together to bring down the men responsible for the death of the Hard Master (Zartan, Cobra Commander, and Firefly). During their first attempt, while trying to flee Cobra Island, Storm Shadow was shot by the Baroness and believed to be dead. He was revived during Doctor Mindbender's creation of Serpentor. Finally, Storm Shadow was made an official member of the G.I. Joe team and regained his honor through countless acts of courage. He would later return to Cobra after being captured and brainwashed along with several other former Cobra agents. He was frequently given continuous sessions of brainwashing to ensure his loyalty, and it took him a few years to finally shake off the programming and rejoin his sword brother, Snake Eyes. Storm Shadow participates in training the Joe's official Ninja Force. He relates to the students how he was unable to master a specific skill until he attempted to teach it; this allowed him to view the skill from different angles and ultimately master it. In the next issue, Storm Shadow and the Ninja Force encounter an attack from the Cobra allied mercenary force called the 'Night Creepers'.

America's Elite
When the G.I. Joe team is reactivated in Devil's Due Publishing's G.I. Joe: America's Elite, Storm Shadow is added to the team due to his expertise as a covert ops specialist and ninja. However, what proves more important to the team, is the knowledge he gained as Cobra Commander's bodyguard. While Snake Eyes and Stalker accept him as a member, fellow team member Shipwreck is the most vocal about his suspicions, considering the ninja's constantly changing loyalties. Storm Shadow is the first to learn of the Baroness being alive and being held in the basement of the new G.I. Joe command center, "The Rock". After Snake Eyes' death aboard Destro's sub, Storm Shadow assists the team in search of the body, and encounters Major Bludd in Australia. He finds the Red Ninja clan had raised Snake Eyes from the dead, and had used some of their ancient techniques to place Sei-Ten in the body of T'jbang. After stopping Snake Eyes by placing Scarlett's life in danger, Storm Shadow temporarily leaves the team to assist the Red Ninjas in rebuilding and reviving their leader to set things right. Storm Shadow returns to stop Cobra from liberating prisoners from the G.I. Joe prison facility "The Coffin", assisted by a mole within Cobra. He is partially successful, but Tomax manages to free Major Bludd and several others, while killing those Cobra Commander considered "loose ends". Storm Shadow then tracks down Destro and the Baroness, so that they can help disable Cobra's M.A.R.S. tech devices. They join the rest of the main team, in defeating several Cobra cells, and disarming nuclear weapons that Cobra Commander has placed in the Amazon and Antarctica.

The seven-issue solo series Storm Shadow, written by the original writer Larry Hama, follows Storm Shadow after leaving the G.I. Joe team.

G.I. Joe: Reloaded
In the alternate continuity series G.I. Joe: Reloaded, Storm Shadow is similar to his original continuity counterpart in his Cobra roots, as he serves as Cobra Commander's assassin/bodyguard. He does not wear a mask, and instead, is seen wearing a much different white uniform with a long jacket. He does face off with Snake Eyes, who in this series is his half-brother, and comments on Snake Eyes' traitorous nature. This series ended without fully exploring their relationship.

Sunbow
Unlike the comic, the Sunbow animated series never explored the relationship between Snake Eyes and Storm Shadow. He first appeared in the miniseries "The Revenge of Cobra", in which he fights G.I. Joe member Spirit for one of three fragments of the Weather Dominator. He lets Spirit keep the fragment for saving him from drowning, but later steals it from G.I. Joe headquarters after Zartan captures the third component and offers it to the highest bidder. In this series, Storm Shadow was often depicted as a counterpart to Spirit, and later on against G.I. Joe member Quick Kick. In the episode "Excalibur", he crashes into a lake during an aerial battle and finds King Arthur's sword, stealing it from the Lady of the Lake. This causes a thunderstorm that only stops when Excalibur is returned. Also in that episode, Storm Shadow encounters Quick Kick twice, breaking his leg on both occasions.

Storm Shadow remained loyal to Cobra until the end of the Sunbow series. In season two, he sided with Cobra Commander against Serpentor, and was seen helping the Commander in several of his plots to overthrow Serpentor.

G.I. Joe: The Movie
In G.I. Joe: The Movie, Storm Shadow is seen in two frames when Serpentor yells at all the Cobra characters in the beginning.

DiC
Storm Shadow returns in the DiC-produced G.I. Joe series, but this time on the side of the Joe team and as a member of the Ninja Force, reflecting his status in both the toy-line and the comics at that time. He came to side with the Joes because the initial cartoon's storyline ended after G.I. Joe: The Movie and so the comic dictated the path of the toys. Had the series continued with a third season, Storm Shadow would still have been a Cobra. Cobra Commander makes several comments in the episode Shadow of a Doubt about Storm Shadow being a traitor. Storm Shadow claims that he only joined Cobra to find out who had dishonored his ninja clan. Aside from that, he is given little backstory in the animated series. The relationship between Snake Eyes and Storm Shadow is best showcased in the Season 2 episode, The Sword, when it is shown that they both respect each other's ninja skills and abilities. Storm Shadow was voiced by Scott McNeil.

Direct to video
Storm Shadow appeared in the direct-to-video CGI animated movies G.I. Joe: Spy Troops and G.I. Joe: Valor vs. Venom, voiced by Ty Olsson. These two movies seem to ignore the previous continuity, and deal more with the continuity of the toys and cartoon at that time. Storm Shadow is again a Cobra ninja as in previous Sunbow cartoons; however, unlike previous times, he now faces Snake Eyes.

In the animated short G.I. Joe: Ninja Battles, a new ninja Tiger Claw is joining G.I. Joe, and learns of Snake Eyes and Storm Shadow's past in the Arashikage clan. The rivalry between the two ninjas is explained to some degree, and it shows how they have dealt with each other to this day. Most of the movie is narration over original artwork, and some scenes from the previous movies, as well as some new footage at the end.

G.I. Joe: Resolute
In the G.I. Joe: Resolute miniseries, Storm Shadow's past is revealed as his rivalry with Snake Eyes being the result of Storm Shadow fearing his uncle would teach the seventh move of the "Seven Steps to the Sun" to Snake Eyes instead of him because of his bloodlust, and then hiring Zartan to take out their master. By present time, during the attack of the U.S.S. Flagg, Storm Shadow murders Bazooka and places a scroll marked with the Arashikage symbol that issues to Snake Eyes a final duel at their former dojo. Revealing his true reasons for hating Snake Eyes, Storm Shadow pins him down using the sixth move. However, Snake Eyes's counters reveal he, in fact, had learned the final move from their master prior to his death, using it to kill Storm Shadow. However, in the DVD release of the film, the grave that Snake Eyes buried Storm Shadow in is shown to be empty and Storm Shadow is presumably still alive. Storm Shadow was voiced by Eric Bauza.

G.I. Joe: Renegades
In the animated series G.I. Joe: Renegades, Storm Shadow is voiced by Andrew Kishino. Born Tomisaburo Arashikage, he is the cousin of Kimi Arashikage (Jinx) and nephew of the Hard Master, head of the Arashikage clan of ninja. He once trained with Snake Eyes and has had a bitter rivalry with him. The rivalry reached its zenith when Tomisaburo slipped poison in the tea cup meant for Snake Eyes as he was to talk to the Hard Master. However, without the youth's knowledge, the cups were accidentally switched and the Hard Master drank the poisoned tea. Mistaking Snake Eyes' attempt to save his uncle (via an emergency tracheotomy) as an act of cold-blooded murder, scarring him while driving him off, Tomisaburo vowed revenge while becoming acting leader of the Arashikage. Storm Shadow pursued Snake Eyes to his hidden dojo in the mountains, telling Kimi of how her father died and convincing her to reclaim her birthright. During the events of "Homecoming", Storm Shadow fought Snake Eyes on board a military train and assisted the Baroness, later infiltrating Cobra Industries and proposes an allegiance with her. Later, in "White Out," Storm Shadow receives the Shadow Vipers from Doctor Mindbender and pursues the Joes to Canada, where he barely managed to survive being caught in an avalanche. In "Cutting Edge," Baroness calls on Storm Shadow when a high-tech ninja is targeting Cobra Commander. Storm Shadow ends up discovering that the assassin to be Jinx, who revealed (as explained to her by Scarlett) that Snake Eyes's action against the Hard Master was actually an attempt to save him from the poison inflicting him. Hearing it, Storm Shadow leaves and later returns to help Jinx and Snake Eyes destroy a cadre of B.A.T.s. Once the fight resolved, Storm Shadow admitted to his murder attempt on Snake Eyes and how the Hard Master died as a result. Believing himself to be beyond redemption for unknowingly killing the Hard Master, Storm Shadow takes his leave.

Sigma 6
In G.I. Joe: Sigma 6, Storm Shadow is Cobra's ninja master. He began his career in mainstream U.S. intelligence groups. Early on he went undercover into the Cobra organization and was brainwashed by the enemy. With powerful mind tricks, they convinced him that the groups he worked for were really traitors, and that Cobra forces were the good guys trying to stop them. He is a powerful ninja who has adapted his martial arts skills to suit his own evil purposes. A covert ops counterintelligence expert, he once performed undercover sabotage operations. Now as a member of Cobra, he uses this knowledge against the Sigma 6 team, always working to destroy them and anyone else who gets in his way.

In the animated series, Storm Shadow is voiced by Tom Wayland. The rivalry between Storm Shadow and Snake Eyes is one of the focal plot lines of the series. There have been hints and references as to the cause of their enmity. The 4Kids TV website for Sigma 6 states that Storm Shadow was on an infiltration mission in a Cobra base and was captured and brainwashed into thinking the Joes and Snake Eyes were his enemies. Although Storm Shadow called Snake Eyes "brother," the exact nature of that relationship is unknown, aside from the fact that they were trained by their master together. Storm Shadow frequently blames Snake Eyes for the downfall of the Arashikage ninja clan. However, the exact nature of Snake Eyes's betrayal of the Arashikage, if any, is as yet unknown. On occasion, he used ninja B.A.T.s as support troopers. This is in contrast to the A Real American Hero series, wherein Storm Shadow preferred highly trained humans as opposed to machines.

Devil's Due also created a miniseries based on Sigma 6. It follows the style and the content of the animated series, spotlighting a different member of Sigma 6 and Cobra in each issue.

Live action film
In the 2009 film, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, the young Storm Shadow is played by Brandon Soo Hoo and the adult by Lee Byung-Hun. In this film adaptation, Storm Shadow is portrayed as a Korean ninja who was trained in Japan. The young Storm Shadow is seen speaking in Korean while training in Tokyo.

Storm Shadow has a long history with Snake Eyes going back to when they were children, when he caught a starving Snake Eyes attempting to steal food. However, much to Storm Shadow's chagrin, Snake Eyes is immediately welcomed into the dojo. While Storm Shadow is initially superior, Snake Eyes persists and eventually earns the favor of the Hard Master. Shortly after, Snake Eyes is proclaimed the best student, and it is made to appear that Storm Shadow murdered the master and fled the scene. This turns their rivalry into bitter hatred as they find themselves on opposing sides. Similar to his continuity counterparts in background and attire, Storm Shadow serves as McCullen's assassin and as both bodyguard and mentor to the Baroness. Sent by McCullen to support the Baroness in acquiring the nanomite warheads, Storm Shadow was also given a direct order to kill Baron Daniel DeCobray if he ever touched the Baroness again, with her intentionally giving him reason as DeCobray outlived his usefulness to them. In another instance, however, Zartan mocks Storm Shadow for his unwillingness to kill women. During a lengthy fight in Cobra's arctic base, Snake Eyes slashes Storm Shadow several times, eventually compelling the latter to remove his white uniform. At the end, he is stabbed by Snake Eyes and falls into icy water.

In Operation HISS, a comic sequel to the film, Storm Shadow survived his apparent death in the film. Lee Byung-hun stated in an interview that he is signed on to return to future sequels, and reprised his role in the film G.I. Joe: Retaliation. Disguised as Snake Eyes, Storm Shadow has assassinated the President of Pakistan, and breaks Cobra Commander out of prison with help from Firefly. He is injured in an explosion, and retreats to a temple in the Himalayas to recover. When the Blind Master learns he is alive, Storm Shadow is captured and brought to the master in Japan by Snake Eyes and Jinx to answer the Hard Master's murder. He then reveals that he was framed for the murder of the Hard Master by Zartan, the real murderer, who proceeded to raise Storm Shadow to be a ruthless assassin, and that he joined Cobra to avenge his uncle's death. To prove his innocence, Storm Shadow also fights Snake Eyes with the sword that killed the Hard Master, which breaks (Arashikage steel does not break). Eventually, Storm Shadow betrays Cobra and joins forces with the Joes in their fight, killing Zartan in the process. After their victory, he says goodbye to Snake Eyes and Jinx and leaves.

Storm Shadow appears in Snake Eyes with Andrew Koji portraying the character. The film is set in an alternate continuity, but like every other continuity, the character is a member of the Arashikage Clan. Tomisaburo "Tommy" Arashikage and his cousin Kenta were both in line to become leader of the clan. Since there could only be one, Kenta tried to have Tommy killed, and as a consequence, was banished from the clan. In the present, Kenta, now a member of Cobra and yakuza boss, orders his recruit Snake Eyes to kill Tommy, but Snake Eyes helps Tommy escape instead. In return, Tommy takes Snake Eyes to Tokyo, and offers him to join the Arashikage Clan. Tommy also gives Snake Eyes a katana known as the "Morning Light", and tells him about the Jewel of the Sun, an ancient artifact of destructive power that the clan has sworn to protect and not use. It is later revealed that Snake Eyes has been working as a spy for Kenta when he steals the Jewel for him. An enraged Tommy fights Snake Eyes, but Snake Eyes, who has realized his mistake, convinces Tommy that they need to stop Kenta, which they succeed in doing. However, Tommy uses the Jewel against Kenta, for which he is determined unfit to lead the Arashikage clan. Tommy forsakes the clan, and vows to kill Snake Eyes if they ever meet again. In a mid-credits scene, Tommy is recruited into Cobra by the Baroness, and renames himself "Storm Shadow".

Video games
Storm Shadow is one of the featured villains in the 1985 game G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero. Storm Shadow is featured as a playable character in the 1992 game G.I. Joe: The Atlantis Factor. In the 2009 game G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, he is a mini-boss, who is fought once in each of the first three acts.

Reception
Topless Robot ranked Storm Shadow as second on the 2010 list of The 10 Coolest G.I. Joe Ninjas, adding that he "been voted the #1 Cobra villain by the old Action Force Weekly". His likeness is also featured in League of Legends, where the yordle ninja character named Kennen can be given the Arctic Ops skin, displaying the camo pattern worn by the 1988 Storm Shadow, as well as the character Zed who has a skin that appears similar to his appearance.

title: Storm Shadow (G.I. Joe)


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Alfhild Agrell

Alfhild Teresia Agrell (14 January 1849 – 8 November 1923) was a Swedish writer and playwright. She is known for her works on sexual equality in opposition to the contemporary sexual double standard, and as such a participator in the famous Sedlighetsdebatten.

Life
She was born to Erik Johan Martin and Karolina Margareta Adolphson, who worked as confectioners. From 1868 until 1895 she was married to the Stockholmer merchant A. Agrell. She was engaged in the contemporary women's movement and the Sedlighetsdebatten, and belonged to the few radical women to wear the reform dress of the Swedish Dress Reform Association in public. Agrell was a member of the women's association Nya Idun after its founding in 1885 and one of its first committee members.

On 3 February 1886, Agrell's next play, Ensam (Alone), premiered at the Dramaten in Stockholm. The play depicts the socially committed Thora, who has taken care of her illegitimate daughter despite the reluctance of her surroundings. Ensam was a success and ran for 15 performances in the spring and autumn of 1886.

She temporarily used the pseudonyms Thyra, Lovisa Petterqvist and Stig Stigson, but soon began to use her own name, which was unusual for a woman; other famed female Swedish playwrights of the century, such as the sisters Louise and Jeanette Granberg, both used male pseudonyms. The subject that she concentrated on, sexual double standards, was very shocking for her time.

Agrell was an important contributor to the cause of gender equality in regard to sexuality; in her work, she handles the questions and consequences of sexual injustice, the sexual double standards such as the fact that a woman is subjected to contempt when she does the same thing as a man in sexual matters, the questions of having "a bad reputation", the questions of the blame put on the woman and not the man when a child is born out of marriage, and the difficulties when a woman of the people and a man of the upper classes fall in love and the consequences of such a relationship.

But she was pessimistic of the hope that men and women would ever reach sexual equality, and she doubted that a woman could find such a thing in marriage, where she by law was much restricted and given to her husband's whims.

Works

 * Räddad ('Saved'), 1883, play
 * Dömd ('Judged'),1884, play
 * Ensam ('Alone'), 1886, play
 * Vår ('Spring'), 1889, play
 * Ingrid, 1900, play
 * Småstadsliv ('Small-town life'), 1884
 * Från land och stad ('From the country to the city'), 1884, collection of novels.
 * På landsbygden ('On the countryside'), 1887
 * Norrlandsgubbar och Norrlandsgummor ('Old women and men in Norrland'), 1899–1900
 * Vad ingen ser ('What no one sees'), 1885
 * I Stockholm ('In Stockholm'), 1893
 * Hemma i Jockmock ('At home in Jokkmokk'), 1896
 * Nordanifrån ('From the North'),1898
 * Guds drömmare ('Dreamer of God'),1904
 * Norrlandshumör ('Norrland Temperament'),1910

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alfhild Agrell


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Skylark DuQuesne

Skylark DuQuesne is a science fiction novel by American writer E. E. Smith, the final novel in his Skylark series. Written as Smith's last novel in 1965 and published shortly before his death, it expands on the characterizations of the earlier novels (written 1919 - about 1938) with some discrepancies (some of which may relate to unwritten background developments). Marc DuQuesne, the major villain of the three previous novels, is shown to have matured, reformed, and been offered a chance at what amounts to a pardon for his prior crimes against the heroes.

The book ends with Dick Seaton and DuQuesne teaming up to perpetrate a galaxy-wide genocide against the Chlorans, causing all their suns to go nova. This act is condoned with the argument that otherwise the Chlorans would have eventually broken out of their galaxy and taken over the entire universe; Seaton compares the Chlorans to a cancer which must be destroyed "to the last cell". The Chlorans themselves, though depicted earlier in the book as extremely cruel, were not bent on exterminating humans but only enslaving and exploiting them.

Skylark DuQuesne was first serialized in IF Worlds of Science Fiction beginning in June 1965 before being published in 1966 by Pyramid Books. The novel was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1966.

title: Skylark DuQuesne


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Nick Zinner

Nicholas Joseph Zinner (born December 8, 1974) is the guitarist and record producer for the New York rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs. Zinner is also a photographer.

Musical career
Before forming the Yeah Yeahs Yeahs with Karen O and Brian Chase in 2000, Zinner attended Bard College where he played in the Boba Fett Experience, who later changed their name to Challenge of the Future because of concerns about being sued by George Lucas. The band moved to Williamsburg, Brooklyn in the late 1990s and broke up in 2001.

Since 2001, Zinner has many collaborative efforts with such acts as TV on the Radio, Har Mar Superstar, Ronnie Spector, The Horrors, and Scarlett Johansson. He contributed guitar and keyboard to several tracks on Bright Eyes' 2005 album Digital Ash in a Digital Urn and went on tour with the band as part of the rotating roster.

In 2005, Zinner formed a band Head Wound City along with members from The Locust and The Blood Brothers.

Zinner produced the re-mix of the track 'Compliments' on British group Bloc Party's 2005 album Silent Alarm Remixed, and has remixed The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower's song, "INRI," on their INRI ep. Zinner has also remixed Single Frame's song, "People are Germs," in addition to appearing in the music video.

In 2007, he also re-mixed The Hives's song, "Tick Tick Boom", which was used as a B-side for the release of their single "T.H.E.H.I.V.E.S".

In August 2009, Zinner was included at number 16 in NME magazine's future 50 list.

In early 2011, Zinner contributed guitar to the song "Go" by Santigold.

In May 2011, Zinner was commissioned to curate, compose and lead a performance 41 Strings in NYC to celebrate the 41st Earth Day. The performance, in which he collaborated with musicians Hisham Bharoocha and Ben Vida, involved 41 players of various stringed instruments, plus additional percussion and synthesiser parts. 41 Strings was performed at Sydney Opera House in Australia as part of Sydney Festival 2012, and Royal Festival Hall in London UK as part of James Lavelle's Meltdown in 2014 with guest guitarists from The XX, Savages, Deap Vally, Damon Albarn band, Magic Numbers and The Verve.

In 2013, Zinner reformed his college band Challenge of the Future in order to play a benefit show at Union Pool in Brooklyn to raise money for the daughter of a friend who died. Challenge of the Future then released the single "You Can't Call Off the Dog," which was recorded at Adrian Grenier's Wreckroom studio in New York.

In 2013, Zinner produced and recorded Santigold's contribution to the Catching Fire soundtrack 'Shooting Arrows at the Sky'. The 2015 album “Music in Exile” by Malian band Songhoy Blues was produced by him. In 2016 he produced the album Femejism by Deap Vally and "Sports" by Fufanu.

In 2018, Zinner was announced as the new guitarist of the alternative rock band The Rentals, and made his debut in their 2020 album "Q36".

Photography
Zinner studied photography at Bard College and also in Lacoste, France. He has released four separate collections of his work: No Seats on the Party Car (2001), Slept in Beds (2003), I hope you are all happy now (2004) which features an introduction written by director Jim Jarmusch, and Please Take Me Off the Guest List (2010).

An exhibit – 1001 Images – of Zinner's photographs was mounted in NYC in October 2010 and in San Francisco in February 2011.

In January 2011, Zinner was commissioned by Lee Jeans to shoot their Winter ’11 advertising campaign.

In May 2011 A further exhibit of his photographs was mounted at the Anastasia Photo Gallery in New York City, featuring shots of the crowds at his concerts.

Personal life
Zinner is a vegan and a supporter of PETA.

Album appearances

 * The Blood Brothers – Crimes (2004) – "Wolf Party"
 * Bright Eyes – Digital Ash in a Digital Urn (2005 · Saddle Creek)
 * Head Wound City – Head Wound City EP (2005)
 * Bloc Party – Silent Alarm Remixed (2005) – "Compliments (Shibuyaka Remix By Nick Zinner)"
 * The Plot To Blow Up The Eiffel Tower – INRI (EP) (2006) – "INRI (Nick Zinner Remix)"
 * Scarlett Johansson – Anywhere I Lay My Head (2008)
 * Nickel Eye – The Time of the Assassins (2009)
 * N.A.S.A. – The Spirit of Apollo (2009) – "Whachadoin?"
 * James Iha – Look to the Sky (2012) – "Dream Tonight"
 * Santigold – Master of My Make-Believe (2012)
 * Songhoy Blues – Music in Exile
 * Head Wound City – A New Wave of Violence (2016)
 * Santigold – 99¢ (2016)
 * Amen Dunes – Freedom (2018)
 * Better Oblivion Community Center – Better Oblivion Community Center (album) (2019) – "Dylan Thomas" and "Dominoes"
 * Liam Gallagher – Why Me? Why Not. (2019)
 * Phoebe Bridgers – Punisher (album) (2020) – "I Know The End"
 * Santigold – Spirituals (2022)

title: Nick Zinner


text:
Murdock School

The Murdock School, also known as Old Murdock High School, is an historic school building on Murdock Avenue in Winchendon, Massachusetts. Built in 1887 to a design by Henry M. Francis, it is the town's most architecturally elaborate school building. It served as the town's high school until 1961, and now houses the local council on the aging. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Description and history
The former Murdock School building is located in the town center of Winchendon, on 2 acre flanking the west side of Monument Park, west of the commercial downtown area. It is 2-1/2 story masonry structure, built out of red brick and covered by a slate roof. It is richly detailed in the Romanesque style, with a gabled pavilion projecting from its front facade. Prominent features of the projecting section are a tall square tower at the right side, with a pyramidal roof topped by a copper finial and cross. The left side of the projection has a less tall chimney adorned with brick corbelling and covered by a copper cap. The main entrance is in the center of the projection, recessed under a wide round arch.

The school was built in 1887 with funds donated by Captain Ephraim Murdock, Jr., whose father had previously donated the Winchendon Academy building to the town, and was a friend of educator Horace Mann. Operation of the school was originally funded by a trust fund established by Murdock, providing a college preparatory education at no cost to Winchendon students, and was administered by the town's school committee. In the early 20th century, the trust fund began to run out of funds, and the town took over funding. The building served the town as a school building until 1962, when a new high school (now an elementary school) was built to the north. The Murdock School was remodeled in 1974 and reopened in 1975 as part of a "middle school complex" in which grades six, seven, and eight varied in location between the Murdock, Poland, and Amro W. Streeter school buildings.

Murdock School in art
"Old Murdock Deconstructed" - Bret Woodard, 2017

"Old Murdock High" - Mark Lore, 2021

title: Murdock School


text:
Kuroneko to Tsuki Kikyū o Meguru Bōken

Kuroneko to Tsuki Kikyū o Meguru Bōken (黒猫と月気球をめぐる冒険) is Yui Horie's second album. It contains two alternative versions of the songs Love Destiny and Tsubasa (翼) from her third single, Love Destiny which were also used from the show Sister Princess. The name of the album could be translated "The adventures of the Black Cat with the Moon Balloon." The name of the Black Cat League, Yui Horie fan club, probably originates itself from this album.

Track listing

 * 1) 朝の声    (Asa no koe, voice of the morning)
 * 2) この指とまれ    (Kono yubi tomare, Touch this finger)
 * 3) フェイク・ファー    (Feiku fā, Fake fur)
 * 4) Pure
 * 5) Love Destiny - Album Mix
 * 6) Gravity
 * 7) 翼 - Album Mix    (Tsubasa, Wings)
 * 8) 月の気球    (Tsuki no kikyū, Moon balloon)
 * 9) どんなことだって    (Donna koto datte, Whatever may happen)
 * 10) 心のカギ    (Kokoro no kagi, Key to the heart)
 * 11) So depecher
 * 12) 新しいドアへ‥    (Atarashii doa e, Towards a new door)
 * 13) 小さじ一杯の勇気    (Kosaji ippai no yūki, A little spoonful of courage)

title: Kuroneko to Tsuki Kikyū o Meguru Bōken


text:
Joseph O'Dwyer

Joseph O'Dwyer (October 12, 1841 – January 7, 1898) was an American physician. He developed a valuable system of intubation in diphtheria cases. O'Dwyer is often cited as the "father of laryngeal intubation in croup".

Life
Joseph P. O'Dwyer was born on October 12, 1841, in Cleveland, Ohio, and was educated in London, Ontario. After two years of apprenticeship in the office of one Dr. Anderson, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York from which he was graduated in 1865. He won first place in the competitive examination for resident physicians of New York's Charity Hospital, on Blackwell's Island. The island housed a penitentiary, women's asylum, and other facilities for the criminal, the insane, and the destitute.

Opened in 1860, City Hospital was renamed Charity Hospital in 1870, and was among New York City's largest institutions for the treatment of illnesses among the poor. O'Dwyer was in charge of the medical service during a cholera epidemic. During his service, a typhus epidemic also broke out. O'Dwyer contracted typhus, but made a full recovery. After the completion of his service, in 1868 he set up in private practice on Second Avenue near Fifty-fifth St. Four years later (1872), he moved to Lexington Avenue near Sixty-sixth St. and began his long association with the New York Foundling Asylum.

Intubation
In the 1800s diphtheria was a devastating disease, especially lethal in children. The cause of death was usually asphyxia due to an obstructed airway.

A tracheotomy was often a necessary procedure to save a patient suffering with diphtheria from suffocation. This was, at that time, a high-risk procedure, even post-operative. In 1858, Paris pediatrician Eugene Bouchut devised a method to bypass the diphtheria pseudomembrane obstructing the larynx without resorting to a tracheotomy. However, Bouchut's proposal was not well received, due in part to the opposition of Armand Trousseau, the known authority on tracheotomies.

The use of tracheotomy had fallen into disrepute at the Foundling Hospital with a record 100% death rate, among children due to suffocation when diphtheria brought about closure of the larynx. O'Dwyer and his colleague at the Foundling Hospital, W.P.Northrup, experimented with various approaches to keep the laryngeal airway open. At first, O'Dwyer experimented with his device on cadavers.

The use of a tube for intubation had often been attempted but unsuccessfully. After five years of study, working with surgeon George Fell, by 1885 O'Dwyer had devised a set of tubes of graduating in size to fit children from one to ten years of age. He also developed a procedure for the insertion and extraction of the tube, using specially designed instruments. After a number of refinements the final tubes, made by George Tiemann and Company of New York, were made of brass, lined with gold, and came in five different sizes. These were later supplanted by Annandale's rubber endotracheal tube. The method proved successful in relieving difficulty in breathing. In 1885, O'Dwyer presented his findings. According to Sperati and Felisanti, O'Dwyer's modifications in Bouchut's concept "were determinant". O'Dwyer's tubes of hard rubber or metal had rounded edges and were therefore, well tolerated.

The O'Dwyer Method was first published in the New York Medical Journal in 1888, as "Intubation of the Larynx". O'Dwyer's design was supported by Abraham Jacobi, the leading pediatrician at that time. O’Dwyer's tubes and method was quickly adopted by American physicians and became the first widely used endotracheal technique. Before his death it was universally acknowledged that he had made the most important practical discovery of his generation. Use of O'Dwyer's intubation tubes required considerable practice. O'Dwyer wrote and spoke extensively to educate his fellow practitioners. His tubes and the accompanying instruments for intubation and extubation, with his methods for the care of these patients, came to be employed throughout the medical world, gradually reducing the use of tracheotomy for croup, and thereby "leading to a significant reduction in the death rate".

Bouchut and O'Dwyer met in Berlin in 1890 at the X International Congress of Medicine which focused on laryngeal intubation, and where both acknowledged the other's contribution to the development of the procedure. Afterwards O'Dwyer devoted himself to the study of pneumonia. In 1896 he served as president of the American Pediatric Society. He was also active at Presbyterian Hospital.

The O'Dwyer method replaced tracheotomy until around 1895 when the development of antitoxins for diphtheria became more common. When the development of antitoxins reduced the need for intubations, O'Dwyer was among the early practitioners to switch from intubation where appropriate.

Death
W.P. Northrup wrote, "Intubation is O'Dwyer's monument. It is equally true that it killed him." By this Northrup refers to the fact that others rushed to adopt the still developing technique, resulting in a variety of negative results due in large part to their own inexperience. Correspondence from these untrained practitioners caused O'Dwyer a great deal of stress. "All the unhappy results all tales of misadventure, and all the unfavorable criticisms came directly to him." Still grieving his late wife, O'Dwyer worried much and slept little.

In December 1897 he developed symptoms of a diphtheria-related myocardiopathy, likely contracted while treating a young patient. He died on January 7, 1898. Known for his charities, Dr. O'Dwyer had declined to patent his invention, thereby sacrificing large pecuniary gains. O'Dwyer did not make much money from the development of his intubation method and according to his friend Northrup, "died poor". The trustees of Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons established the O'Dwyer Scholarship to provide for the education of his son and namesake, which then was allowed to lapse upon Joseph Jr.'s graduation. Family friends arranged for the education of his three other sons.

Legacy
His work at the Foundling Hospital helped greatly to make that institution one of the best of its kind. In private practice, O'Dwyer attended over 3,000 confinements, many of them in poor neighborhoods. O'Dwyer introduced the use of tubes in children with diphtheritic pseudomembranes in the larynx, to substantially increase their survival chances at a time when tracheotomy still had a high failure rate. The tubes proved of great value in stenosis of the larynx due to various other diseases and to strictures of the larynx, especially consequent on burns or scalds. Subsequent modifications further enhanced its application. The Fell-O'Dwyer apparatus supplied practical instrumentation for intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The Fell-O'Dwyer Apparatus was widely used in cases of asphyxia, even in those caused by overdosage of anaesthetics. Some of his pioneering work anticipated methods of intensive care medicine.

title: Joseph O'Dwyer


text:
Combustible Edison

Combustible Edison were an American neo-lounge music group founded in the early 1990s in Providence, Rhode Island. They were one of several lounge acts that led a brief resurgence of interest in the genre during the mid-1990s.

Unlike other bands with a more ironic take on the lounge scene, Combustible Edison took the music seriously and strove to add to what its members saw as a canon of works by Esquivel, Henry Mancini and Martin Denny. Said Trouser Press, "As the band that poured the first shot in the Cocktail Revolution, this Providence combo brought lounge music into the '90s—or, more accurately, transported tastemakers back to the suburbia of the '50s—with strikingly authentic interpretations of some of the most unauthentic sounds known to mankind."

The band ended in 1999.

History
Connecticut natives Liz Cox (drums, vocals) and Michael Cudahy (guitar, vocals) formed indie rock band Christmas in Boston in 1983. They issued three albums, In Excelsior Dayglo (1986), Ultra Prophets of Thee Psykick Revolution (1989) and Vortex (released after the dissolution of the band in 1993). Cudahy's brother Nick was a member of the Christmas lineup for the second album.

In 1991, Michael Cudahy — now re-dubbed "The Millionaire" by fellow Providence bon vivant Robert Jaz — wrote a stage show titled "The Tiki Wonder Hour", and formed the 14-piece Combustible Edison 'Heliotropic Oriental Mambo and Foxtrot Orchestra' to accompany the performance. After three performances of "Tiki Wonder Hour," the orchestra shortened its name to Combustible Edison and slimmed down to five core members: Cox (renamed "Miss Lily Banquette", on vocals and various percussion instruments), The Millionaire (guitar), Nick Cudahy (bass), Mr. Peter Dixon (keyboards) and Aaron Oppenheimer (drums and percussion).

Combustible Edison signed to Sub Pop Records and released their debut album, I, Swinger, in 1994. A live review by Los Angeles Times critic Chuck Crisafulli noted that the album "perfectly duplicates the '50s cool and hi-fi exotica of such lounge icons as Martin Denny", while Trouser Press said, "I, Swinger is a faithful replication of bargain-bin exotica, right down to a sleeve festooned with cocktail recipes and calculatedly dated hep-cat liner notes". The group performed on Late Night with Conan O'Brien on December 23, 1994.

In 1995, the band recorded the soundtrack to the film Four Rooms, produced by Mark Mothersbaugh. "Vertigogo", the film's main theme, was submitted for consideration for an Academy Award, but was ultimately disqualified from consideration because of its incomprehensible lyrical content, despite the fact that the band submitted a lyric sheet with their best written approximation of the lyrics.

The group's second studio album, Schizophonic! was issued in 1996. During this period, Dixon was replaced by keyboardist Robert "Brother Cleve" Toomey, a former WMBR DJ who was previously a member of the Swinging Erudites, the Del Fuegos, the Fabulous Billygoons, and Barrence Whitfield & the Savages.

By the time of Combustible Edison's final album, The Impossible World (1998), drummer Michael "Laughing Boy" Connors had replaced Oppenheimer, and they had incorporated more modern electronic elements.

The group split during the 1999 tour for The Impossible World.

After the band had split, former member Nicholas Cudahy recovered original demo recordings from 1992. Many of the recordings were not picked up by Sub-Pop and were considered lost. These recordings were released by Sundazed Records under the album Forbidden Isle of Demos.

Other projects
After Combustible Edison, Michael Cudahy helped build the internet radio station and music community site LuxuriaMusic, which launched in 1999. A cocktail enthusiast, Cudahy was credited with coining the term "Cocktail Nation" as well as the Combustible Edison cocktail. The recipe for the cocktail was featured on the back cover of Combustible Edison's debut album, and was later collected by Paul Harrington in his 1998 book Cocktail: The Drinks Bible for the 21st Century. Continuing to use his Millionaire moniker, Cudahy contributed three solo tracks to the 2003 compilation album Music to Lose Your Knickers By, and in 2004, he paired with Eric Bonerz to form Super Casanova, issuing the album Eternity Now.

Cox sang the Lesley Gore-cowritten "My Secret Love" on the soundtrack for the 1996 film Grace of My Heart, and "Oahu" on the 6ths' 2000 album Hyacinths and Thistles. She is currently involved with Community MusicWorks, a community-based music education and performance organisation.

Dixon released an instrumental solo album in 2007 titled Shady Planet.

Toomey, an acclaimed DJ (including a current stint as DJ Sharaabi Kapoor ), cocktail creator and bartender, later played and recorded with his group Brother Cleve and His Lush Orchestra, country band Wheelers & Dealers, and Miki Singh & Jetset (later renamed Dragonfly).

Connors joined the Toomey-produced tiki music ensemble Waitiki in 2006, and also formed his own combo Funk House.

Members

 * Miss Lily Banquette (Liz Cox) – vocals, bongos, vibraphone, drums, percussion, melodica (1991-1999)
 * Michael "The Millionaire" Cudahy – guitar (1991-1999)
 * Nick Cudahy – bass (1991-1999)
 * Mr. Peter Dixon – keyboards, organ (1991-c. 1996)
 * Aaron Oppenheimer – drums, vibraphone, percussion (1991- c. 1998)
 * Robert "Brother Cleve" Toomey – keyboards, vibraphone (1996-1999, died September 2022)
 * Michael "Laughing Boy" Connors – drums (c. 1998-1999)

Studio albums

 * I, Swinger (1994, Sub Pop)
 * Schizophonic! (1996, Sub Pop)
 * The Impossible World (1998, Sub Pop)
 * Forbidden Isle of Demos (2023, Sundazed Records)

Singles

 * "Cry Me a River" 7" (1993, Sub Pop)
 * "Blue Light" CD (1993, Domino)
 * "Christmastime Is Here" CD (1994, Sub Pop)
 * "Vertigogo" promo CD (1995, Elektra)
 * "Short Double Latte" CD (1996, Bungalow/Rough Trade)
 * "Bluebeard" CD (1996, Bungalow)

Soundtrack albums

 * Four Rooms: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (1995, Elektra)

Compilation albums

 * The Combustible Edison Mixer promo (1998, Sub Pop)

Selected compilation appearances

 * "A Shot in the Dark" (Henry Mancini cover) on Secret Agent S.O.U.N.D.S. (1995, Mai Tai)
 * "Millionaire's Holiday" on Martini Lounge (1996, EMI-Capitol Special Markets)
 * "Vertigo", "Theme from Bewitched" and "The Millionaire's Holiday" on Cracked Ice & Crushed Velvet promo EP (1996, Elektra)
 * "Miniskirt" (Esquivel cover) on Lounge-A-Palooza  (1997, Hollywood)
 * "Christmas Time Is Here" and "Sleigh Ride" on Combustible Edison's The Millionaire Presents Sub Pop's Holiday Sound Spectacular promo (1997, Sub Pop)
 * "Sleigh Ride" on Hi-Fidelity Holiday...A Holiday Compilation in Stereo (1998, EMI Music Special Markets/Starbucks Coffee)

Guest appearances

 * Monopoly Queen - "Let's Keep It Friendly" 7" single (with Lisa Crystal Carver and Boyd Rice)

title: Combustible Edison


text:
Rob Huebel

Robert Anderson Huebel (born June 4, 1969) is an American comedian and actor. He is best known for his sketch comedy work on the MTV series Human Giant and for his role of Dr. Owen Maestro on the Adult Swim series Childrens Hospital. He also appeared as Russell on the FX/FXX series The League and as Len Novak on the Amazon Prime Video series Transparent. In December 2022, Entertainment Weekly called Huebel "the premier d-bag character actor of his generation".

Early life
Huebel was born in Alexandria, Virginia, the son of Louisa and Jared Huebel. He attended Annandale High School in Annandale, Virginia, before attending Clemson University, where he studied marketing in hopes of working in advertising. He later moved to New York and began studying improv comedy at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater.

Career
Huebel first began improvising when he was 27 by taking classes at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York City.

His early work was as a sketch actor on shows such as Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Upright Citizens Brigade. He was nominated for an Emmy award for his work as a producer for Michael Moore's Bravo series The Awful Truth. He worked as a segment producer on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.

Huebel was a panelist on the VH1 series Best Week Ever, part of the NetZero "Candidate Zero" campaign during the 2004 election. He also appeared on the HBO television series Curb Your Enthusiasm and Fox's Arrested Development.

The comedy partner of Rob Riggle, the duo have worked with the improvisational comedy troupe Respecto Montalban and at the Upright Citizens Brigade. Huebel and Riggle performed a comedy bit in the documentary Super High Me. Among their best known work at UCB was their long-running two-man show Kung-Fu Grip, which was eventually showcased at the 2004 HBO Comedy Arts Festival. Huebel was in the movie Blackballed: The Bobby Dukes Story, as Sam Brown with Corddry, Scheer, and Riggle.

Huebel and fellow comedians Aziz Ansari and Paul Scheer are writers, actors, and executive producers in the MTV sketch comedy show Human Giant. Some of Huebel's characters from the show include Samir from "The Shutterbugs" and T.C. Everwood from "Clell Tickle". He guest starred in the 30 Rock episode "MILF Island", and also as Holly's boyfriend A.J. in three episodes of The Office. He played the role of Tevin in the 2009 comedy I Love You, Man. He also co-starred with Rob Corddry in Childrens Hospital.

Huebel continues to regularly perform at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles. He co-hosts the live sketch show "Crash Test" with Paul Scheer twice a month, as well as hosting "The Shit Show", in which he gathers comedian friends and other well-known performers to present the worst scenes in films, television and commercials that they have ever done.

Huebel has written and starred in various filmed sketches for the HBO sketch comedy program Funny or Die Presents. In November 2010, he performed stand-up on The Benson Interruption on Comedy Central.

Huebel appeared in the films The Other Guys (2010), Life as We Know It, Little Fockers, Despicable Me, and The Descendants. In February 2011, he was cast as a lead in the Fox sitcom pilot Family Album and in May he guest starred on ABC's sitcom Modern Family as Glen Whipple in the episode "The One That Got Away". He also appeared in a recurring role on Amazon Studios's Transparent, playing Len Novak.

Huebel appears frequently on the comedy podcast Comedy Bang! Bang! along with starring in his own podcast series on the Earwolf network, Mike Detective. He later appeared in Horrible Bosses 2 (2014) and Barely Lethal (2015).

Huebel has starred as "Inconsiderate Cell-Phone Man" in several PSAs of this title, which are shown in movie theaters to discourage patrons from making calls during the picture.

Personal life
Huebel is married to Holly Hannula. Their daughter, Holden, was born in 2016. She was born premature at 26 weeks and spent the first 117 days of her life in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

title: Rob Huebel


text:
Francisco Ibáñez Talavera

Francisco Ibáñez Talavera (15 March 1936 – 15 July 2023) was a Spanish comic book artist and writer.

Ibáñez was one of the most prolific and well-known authors in Spain, with popular comics such as Mort & Phil, Rompetechos, 13, Rue del Percebe, El botones Sacarino, Pepe Gotera y Otilio, and Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo.

Early life
Ibáñez was born on 15 March 1936 in Barcelona, four months before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, in a working class neighborhood. His family was lower middle class, and he was the son of a father from Alicante and an Andalusian mother, and had three brothers. As a child, Ibáñez showed a fondness for comic books and comic cinema from the United States as well as an ability for drawing and imagination. In October 1947, at the age of eleven, he published his first drawing in the magazine Chicos.

After finishing his primary education at the Guimerá Schools, Ibáñez began to study accounting, banking and mercantile expertise and, between 1950 and 1957, he worked as a bellboy and, subsequently, as portfolio and risk assistant, at the Banco Español de Crédito, a job that in 1952 he began to combine with collaborations in the magazines Nicolás, Chicolino, La hora del recreo, Alex, Liliput, El Barbas and above all in the two humorous mastheads of Editorial Marco: La Risa and Hipo, Monito y Fifí. In them he created covers and series such as Kokolo (1952), Melenas (1954), Don Usura (1955) and Haciendo el indio (1955), the first of certain success of the author, as it was also reproduced in the weekly supplement of La Prensa (Barcelona) of Barcelona.

Career
In the summer of 1957, Ibáñez, who was already earning more as a cartoonist than as a portfolio and risk assistant in banking, decided to devote himself completely to comics and, besides continuing to collaborate with the publications of Editorial Marco, he joined the staff of Paseo infantil, which disappeared soon after and where he created series such as Pepe Roña and continued the series Loony by Alfons Figueras.

Simultaneously, in August he began to collaborate with the powerful Editorial Bruguera which at that time was in dire need of new cartoonists after the departure of its main artists to Tío Vivo. At Bruguera, Ibáñez initially contributed pages of jokes on a specific subject or sport for Pulgarcito and the central pages of El DDT and Selecciones de Humor de El DDT, and as comic book artist Armando Matías Guiu explained, "the joke was the first step to get a character in the magazines". He remained at Editorial Bruguera till 1985.

On 20 January 1958, when he was already working exclusively for Editorial Bruguera, the first installment of Mortadelo y Filemón (Mort & Phil), which soon became his most emblematic work and his main characters, was published. Mort & Phil became the first Spanish comic to be digitized in 2002. Screenwriter Carles Santamaría said that "without Ibáñez, Spanish humor comics of the last 70 years cannot be understood. [...] The creation of the series "Mortadelo y Filemón" has marked a milestone in the history of comics."

During the 1960s, he created other characters and comics, such as Rompetechos, 13, Rue del Percebe, El botones Sacarino, Pepe Gotera y Otilio,, Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo and Tete Cohete.

Until the end of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, his works were subject to review by Francoist censorship.

With the publication of El sulfato atómico in 1969, influenced by the bande dessinée, Ibáñez opened up to the foreign market.

In 1985 he left Editorial Bruguera, as the company had taken over the intellectual property rights of Mort & Phil, which he even claimed in court and which continued to be drawn by other authors without the success that Ibáñez achieved. It was not until the approval of the intellectual property law of 1987 that Ibáñez was able to recover his copyrights over Mort & Phil.

His last published album was ''Mortadelo y Filemón. Mundial de Basquet 2023'', which was released in June 2023. Throughout his career, he sold more than 100 million albums.

On 28 May 2022 he attended the opening of the new library Biblioteca Gabriel García Márquez which was to hold his work and archives.

Style
Ibáñez's style is characterized by presenting a continuous succession of gags from the beginning to the end of the story, in such a way that in one vignette the gag to be produced in the next is prepared. As fellow author Armando Matías Guiu said about him

"In Ibáñez, after an awkward fall in which the character is left in a mess, like a phosphatina, in the following vignette he gets up so calmly and continues as if nothing had happened to him. He cultivates the humor of the absurd, difficult to achieve; a spontaneous, brilliant humor, with unhinged, brutally comic situations. Ibáñez's humor is overwhelming, he gets you into his plot and takes you wherever he wants."

To overcome Franco's censorship, in the case of swear words, he invented substitutes that ended up being used by his audience on a regular basis. Over the years he transformed his characters and stylized his technique, always keeping a nod to current events and introducing caricaturized politicians and celebrities.

Personal life and death
Ibáñez married Remedios Solera Sánchez in 1966, with whom he had two daughters.

Ibáñez died in Barcelona on 15 July 2023, at age 87. The funeral took place on 17 July.

Works

 * 13, Rue del Percebe (1961)
 * Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo (1986)
 * El botones Sacarino (1963)
 * La familia Trapisonda, un grupito que es la monda (1958)
 * Mortadelo y Filemón, agencia de información (1958)
 * Pepe Gotera y Otilio (1966)
 * Rompetechos (1964)
 * Tete Cohete (1981)
 * 7, Rebolling Street (1987)
 * Ande, ríase usté con el arca de Noé (1960)
 * Don Pedrito que está como nunca (1964)
 * Don Usura (1952)
 * Doña Pura y Doña Pera vecinas de la escalera (1966)
 * El Caballero Buscabollos (1957)
 * El doctor esparadrapo y su ayudante Gazapo (1965)
 * Felisa y Colás (1958)
 * Godofredo y Pascualino viven del deporte fino (1961)
 * Kokolo (1952)
 * La Familia Repollino (1956)

Honours

 * Grand Prize of the International Comic Fair of Barcelona for his career (1994)
 * Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts (2002)
 * Oso Award for Lifetime Achievement of the International Comic Fair of Madrid ("Expocómic 2002")
 * Notario del Humor Award (2008).
 * In 2021 a campaign was launched, ratified by several Spanish personalities and by some thirty members of the European Parliament for him to be awarded the Princess of Asturias Awards edition of that year, but unsuccessfully.
 * Creu de Sant Jordi (2021)
 * Gold Medal for Cultural Merit from the Barcelona City Council (2022)

title: Francisco Ibáñez Talavera


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bekir ahmetoğlu

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy deleted. GarrettTalk 04:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Bekir_ahmeto%C4%9Flu
Vanity. I'm quite sure the title of the article is his name. No content, he writes (in Turkish) "don't edit this page, I reserved it for myself". Also there's another nonsense page he created (also VfD) which he links to this page. Delete them please. I'm embarrased that this person is from my country.

SPEEDY Delete. vanity and not in English. --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  04:02, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not encyclopedic or notable. Hamster Sandwich 05:27, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments only - no need to feel embarrased. --Bhadani 06:35, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity, non-English. -- Etacar11   23:30, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete This is clearly vanity. MicahMN | Talk 23:49, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:80.141.242.209

title: User talk:80.141.242.209


text:
Talk:Hamara Youth Access Point

Photo
A photo would be nice. Anyone in Leeds... --AI 00:36, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Time for an update
The article as it stands was clearly written shortly after the 2005 bombings. Suspects are said to be "still held for questioning" etc. Could someone bring this thing up to date? Note that the article is not supposed to be about the bombings, nor about the perpetrators and suspects, but about an Islamic youth centre. Is it still open, for one thing? Martin Rundkvist (talk) 21:04, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

Defunct?
Is Hamara Youth Access Point still in existence? 208.44.84.138 (talk) 05:09, 28 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Hamara Youth Access Point


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Talk:Storm Shadow (G.I. Joe)

Rename
This page needs to be renamed to follow the naming conventions..--DNicholls 00:37, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Then move it yourself. It's not that difficult. Apostrophe 18:32, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

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Fair use rationale for Image:Shadow6.JPG
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:31, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Storm Shadow fighting off B.A.Ts
Could someone shed some light on why Storm Shadow helped Jinx and Snake Eyes fight off B.A.Ts in G.I. Joe: Renegades, please?P3771 (talk) 20:32, 21 June 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Storm Shadow (G.I. Joe)


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Waydowntown

Waydowntown (stylized as waydowntown) is a 2000 film directed by Gary Burns and starring Fab Filippo, Don McKellar, Marya Delver and Michelle Beaudoin. The film is a dark comedy that explores office culture and its effects and often uses surrealism to achieve its thematic goals.

The film is set in Calgary, Alberta, where many downtown buildings are connected by the Plus 15, an extensive network of indoor skywalks. Because of this network, the hustle and bustle of the traditional "main street" has been replaced by recirculated air, food courts, and fluorescent lights. The result is a bleak and often humorous dark comedy about Canadian corporate culture.

Plot
The film centres on a group of office colleagues in downtown Calgary, Alberta, who bet a month's salary on who can last the longest without going outside by using the system of covered walkways that connect the buildings. The film takes place over one lunch hour on day 24 of the month-long competition. Things start to become complicated as the office prepares for the company founder's retirement party.

The film's title is derived from a particular form of suicide where one smashes the (non-openable) window of one's high-rise office and then jumps through. In the movie, one of the characters has accumulated a 2-litre pop bottle full of marbles in the hopes of breaking his window. The dark joke for this is referenced in the film as: "a 15 bus takes you downtown, [but] a bottle of marbles takes you way downtown."

Cast

 * Fab Filippo as Tom Bennett
 * Don McKellar as Brad
 * Marya Delver as Sandra West
 * Gordon Currie as Curt Schwin
 * Jennifer Clement as Vicki
 * Tammy Isbell as Kathy
 * Tobias Godson as Randy
 * James McBurney as Phil

Production
The majority of the film was shot in TD Square, the Calgary Eaton Centre, and Bankers Hall. The company's offices are situated in the TD Canada Trust Tower. The low-budget film was shot on digital and later transferred to 35 mm.

Reception
The film has a 70% freshness rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Most critics praise the satirical elements, casting, and plot. Others find the film to be humourless and incomplete, and the plot to be too nonsensical and uninteresting. The film won the Best Canadian Film Award prize at the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival.

In 2001, an industry poll conducted by Playback named it the 10th best Canadian film of the preceding 15 years.

The film was shown at the Calgary International Film Festival on September 19, 2019, to celebrate its 20th anniversary.

In 2023, Barry Hertz of The Globe and Mail named the film as one of the 23 best Canadian comedy films ever made.

title: Waydowntown


text: User talk:69.198.6.69

title: User talk:69.198.6.69


text:
User talk:Curtisbindra

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 00:39, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Curtisbindra


text:
Otto Meissner

Otto Lebrecht Eduard Daniel Meissner (13 March 1880 – 27 May 1953) was head of the Office of the President of Germany from 1920 to 1945 during nearly the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, under the Nazi government under Adolf Hitler.

Life
The son of a postal official, Meissner studied law in Straßburg from 1898 to 1903, where he also became a member of the Straßburg Student Youth Fraternity (Burschenschaft) Germania. Later, he also studied in Berlin and earned his Doctor of Laws in 1908, at the age of 28, in Erlangen, Bavaria. Afterward, he became a bureaucrat for the national railroad, the Reichsbahn, in Straßburg. Between 1915 and 1917, he participated in the First World War in the 136th infantry regiment. Until 1919 he was more active behind the front as a military railroad official, first in Bucharest, then in Kyiv. He was then accepted into the diplomatic service and from 1918 acted as a German chargé d'affaires to the Ukrainian government in Kyiv.

Thanks to his good contacts, in 1919, Meissner became Acting Advisor in the "Bureau of the Reichspräsident", who was then the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert, and by 1 April 1920, Meissner had risen to Ministerial Director and Leader of the Bureau. Ebert raised Meissner to the rank of State Secretary (Staatssekretär) in November 1923.

Hindenburg presidency (1925-1934)
Meissner continued in the post of State Secretary when Paul von Hindenburg was elected as Ebert's successor in 1925. Meissner, who lived with his family in the palace of the German president between 1929 and 1939, undoubtedly enjoyed major influence upon the presidents, especially Hindenburg. Together with Kurt von Schleicher and a few others, Meissner, in 1929 and 1930, furthered the dissolution of the parliamentary system by means of a civil presidential cabinet.

His role in the appointment of Hitler to chancellor from December 1932 to January 1933 remains a controversy among historians. As a member of the "camarilla", Meissner was certainly no small influence as State Secretary because of his close relations with Hindenburg. Together with Oskar von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen, Meissner organized the negotiations with Hitler to depose von Schleicher and to appoint Hitler to the post of Chancellor. For the Nazis' part, the talks were facilitated through Wilhelm Keppler, Joachim von Ribbentrop and the banker Kurt Freiherr von Schröder, a former officer and head of the old-guard conservative "Herrenklub" (Gentlemen's club) in Berlin in which von Papen was also active. Neither Hitler nor Hindenburg, as of the end of 1932, would have initiated contact with each other, so great was their mutual distaste.

Meissner submitted his resignation in 1933 but it was refused.

Nazi period (1934-1945)
When Hitler merged the functions of head of state (the president) and head of government (the chancellor) in August 1934, Meissner's office was renamed the "Presidential Chancellery" and restricted in its responsibilities to representative and formal matters of protocol, while all more political matters were assigned to the Reich Chancellery under the direction of Hans Lammers. Meissner was also made a member of the Academy for German Law. To mark the fourth anniversary of the Nazi regime on 30 January 1937, Hitler personally conferred the Golden Party Badge upon several non-Nazi members of the Reich government, including Meissner (membership number 3,805,235). On 1 December 1937, Meissner was promoted to Minister of State (Staatsminister) and Chief of the, now again renamed, "Presidential Chancellery of the Führer and Chancellor". He was granted status equal in rank to a Reichsminister, but without the title. .

Post-war
After the Second World War, Meissner was arrested by the Allies and interrogated as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials. In July 1947, he appeared as a character witness for the accused former State Secretary Franz Schlegelberger. Meissner was finally prosecuted in the Wilhelmstrasse Trial, but the court acquitted him on 14 April. Two years later, in May 1949, he was accused again, this time in Munich, and was adjudged a fellow traveler. His appeal was turned down, but the proceedings were called to a halt in January 1952.

In 1950, Meissner published a memoir covering his unusual bureaucrat's career in a book, State Secretary under Ebert, Hindenburg and Hitler. The writer Hans-Otto Meissner (1909–1992) was his son.

List of works

 * Die Reichsverfassung. Das neue Reichstaatsrecht für den Praktischen Gebrauch, Berlin, 1919
 * Das neue Staatsrecht des Reichs und seiner Länder, Berlin, 1921
 * Grundriß der Verfassung und Verwaltung des Reichs und Preußens nebst Verzeichnis der Behörden und ihres Aufgabenkreises, Berlin, 1922
 * Staatsrecht des Reichs und seiner Länder, Berlin, 1923
 * Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht im Dritten Reich, Berlin, 1935
 * Deutsches Elsaß, deutsches Lothringen. Ein Querschnitt aus Geschichte, Volkstum und Kultur, Berlin, 1941
 * Elsaß und Lothringen, Deutsches Land, Verlagsanstalt Otto Stollberg, (324 pages), Berlin, 1941
 * Staatssekretär unter Ebert, Hindenburg, Hitler. Der Schicksalsweg des deutschen Volkes von 1918 – 1945. Wie ich ihn erlebte, Hamburg, 1951

title: Otto Meissner


text:
Organic peroxides

In organic chemistry, organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (R\sO\sO\sR′). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form RO^{•} (the dot represents an unpaired electron). Thus, organic peroxides are useful as initiators for some types of polymerization, such as the acrylic, unsaturated polyester, and vinyl ester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics. MEKP and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used for this purpose. However, the same property also means that organic peroxides can explosively combust. Organic peroxides, like their inorganic counterparts, are often powerful bleaching agents.

Types of organic peroxides
Organic peroxides are classified (i) by the presence or absence of a hydroxyl (-OH) terminus and (ii) by the presence of alkyl vs acyl substituents.

One gap in the classes of organic peroxides is diphenyl peroxide. Quantum chemical calculations predict that it undergoes a nearly barrierless reaction akin to the benzidine rearrangement.

Properties
The O−O bond length in peroxides is about 1.45 Å, and the R−O−O angles (R = H, C) are about 110° (water-like). Characteristically, the C−O−O−R (R = H, C) dihedral angles are about 120°. The O−O bond is relatively weak, with a bond dissociation energy of 45–50 kcal/mol, less than half the strengths of C−C, C−H, and C−O bonds.

Biology
Peroxides play important roles in biology. Hundreds of peroxides and hydroperoxides are known, being derived from fatty acids, steroids, and terpenes. The prostaglandins are biosynthesized by initial formation of a bicyclic peroxide ("endoperoxide") derived from arachidonic acid.

Many aspects of biodegradation or aging are attributed to the formation and decay of peroxides formed from oxygen in air. Countering these effects, an array of biological and artificial antioxidants destroy peroxides.

In fireflies, oxidation of luciferins, which is catalyzed by luciferases, yields a peroxy compound 1,2-dioxetane. The dioxetane is unstable and decays spontaneously to carbon dioxide and excited ketones, which release excess energy by emitting light (bioluminescence).

In polymer chemistry
Many peroxides are used as a radical initiators, e.g., to enable polymerization of acrylates. Industrial resins based on acrylic and/or methacrylic acid esters are invariably produced by radical polymerization with organic peroxides at elevated temperatures. The polymerization rate is adjusted by suitable choice of temperature and type of peroxide.

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and to a smaller degree acetone peroxide are used as initiators for radical polymerization of some thermosets, e.g. unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, often encountered when making fiberglass or carbon fiber composites (CFRP), with examples including boats, RV units, bath tubs, pools, sporting equipment, wind turbine blades, and a variety of industrial applications.

Benzoyl peroxide, peroxyesters/peroxyketals, and alkylperoxy monocarbonates are used in production of polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, and High Impact Polystyrene, and benzoyl peroxide is utilized for many acrylate based adhesive applications.

Thermoplastic production techniques for many industrial polymerization applications include processes which are carried out in bulk, solution, or suspension type batches. Relevant polymers include: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polystyrene, and Polycarbonates.

Bleaching and disinfecting agents
Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as bleaching and "maturing" agents for treating flour to make its grain release gluten more easily; the alternative is letting the flour slowly oxidize by air, which is too slow for the industrialized era. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating most forms of acne.

From hydrogen peroxide
Dialkyl peroxides, e.g., dicumyl peroxide, are synthesized by addition of hydrogen peroxide to alkenes or by O-alkylation of hydroperoxides.

Diacyl peroxides are typically prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides in the presence of base:
 * H2O2 + 2 RCOCl  ->  (RCO2)2  +  2 HCl
 * H2O2 + (RCO)2O  ->  (RCO2)2  +  H2O

The reaction competes with hydrolysis of the acylating agent but the hydroperoxide anion is a superior nucleophile relative to hydroxide. Unsymmetrical diacyl peroxides can be produced by treating acyl chlorides with the peroxy acid.

Peresters, an example being tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate, are produced by treating acid anhydrides or acid chlorides with hydroperoxides.

From O2
Cyclic peroxides can be obtained by cycloaddition of singlet oxygen (generated by UV radiation) to dienes. An important example is rubrene. Six-membered cyclic peroxides are called endo peroxides. The four-membered dioxetanes can be obtained by 2+2 cycloaddition of oxygen to alkenes.

The hazards associated with storage of ethers in air is attributed to the formation of hydroperoxides via the direct albeit slow reaction of triplet oxygen with C-H bonds.

Homolysis
Organic peroxides are widely used to initiate polymerization of olefins, e.g. the formation of polyethylene. A key step is homolysis:
 * ROOR <-> 2 RO.

The tendency to homolyze is also exploited to modify polymers by grafting or visbreaking, or cross-link polymers to create a thermoset. When used for these purposes, the peroxide is highly diluted, so the heat generated by the exothermic decomposition is safely absorbed by the surrounding medium (e.g. polymer compound or emulsion).

Self-oxidation
Especially when in concentrated form, organic peroxides can decompose by self-oxidation, since organic peroxides contain both an oxidizer (the O-O bond) and fuel (C-H and C-C bonds). A "self-accelerating decomposition" occurs when the rate of peroxide decomposition generates heat at a faster rate than it can be dissipated to the environment. Temperature is the main factor in the rate of decomposition. The lowest temperature at which a packaged organic peroxide will undergo a self-accelerating decomposition within a week is defined as the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT). A large fire at the Arkema Chemical Plant in Crosby, Texas (USA) in 2017 was caused by the decomposition of various organic peroxides following power failure and subsequent loss of cooling systems. This occurred due to extreme flooding from Hurricane Harvey, which destroyed main and back-up power generators at the site.

Cumene process
Hydroperoxides are intermediates or reagents in major commercial processes. In the cumene process, acetone and phenol are produced by decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide (Me = methyl):
 * C6H5CMe2(O2H) -> C6H5OH  +  O=CMe2

Anthraquinone process
Anthrahydroquinone reacts spontaneously with oxygen to form anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide, possibly through some organic peroxide intermediate. After extraktion of the hydrogen peroxide the anthraquinone is catalytically reduced to anthrahydroquinone and reused in the process. There are other hydroquinones reacting in a similar fashion.

Reduction
Organoperoxides can be reduced to alcohols with lithium aluminium hydride, as described in this idealized equation:
 * 4 ROOH + LiAlH4  -> LiAlO2  +  2 H2O  +  4 ROH

The phosphite esters and tertiary phosphines also effect reduction:
 * ROOH + PR3  -> P(OR)3  +  ROH

Cleavage to ketones and alcohols occurs in the base-catalyzed Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement, which involves the breaking of bonds within peroxides to form these products.

Some peroxides are drugs, whose action is based on the formation of radicals at desired locations in the organism. For example, artemisinin and its derivatives, such as artesunate, possess the most rapid action of all current drugs against falciparum malaria. Artesunate is also efficient in reducing egg production in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Organic synthesis
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide is used for epoxidation and hydroxylation reagents in conjunction with metal catalysts.

Analysis of peroxides
Several analytical methods are used for qualitative and quantitative determination of peroxides. A simple qualitative detection of peroxides is carried out with the iodine-starch reaction. Here peroxides, hydroperoxides or peracids oxidize the added potassium iodide into iodine, which reacts with starch producing a deep-blue color. Commercial paper indicators using this reaction are available. This method is also suitable for quantitative evaluation, but it can not distinguish between different types of peroxide compounds. Discoloration of various indigo dyes in presence of peroxides is used instead for this purpose. For example, the loss of blue color in leuco-methylene blue is selective for hydrogen peroxide.

Quantitative analysis of hydroperoxides can be performed using potentiometric titration with lithium aluminium hydride. Another way to evaluate the content of peracids and peroxides is the volumetric titration with alkoxides such as sodium ethoxide.

Active oxygen in peroxides
Each peroxy group is considered to contain one active oxygen atom. The concept of active oxygen content is useful for comparing the relative concentration of peroxy groups in formulations, which is related to the energy content. In general, energy content increases with active oxygen content, and thus the higher the molecular weight of the organic groups, the lower the energy content and, usually, the lower the hazard.

The term active oxygen is used to specify the amount of peroxide present in any organic peroxide formulation. One of the oxygen atoms in each peroxide group is considered "active". The theoretical amount of active oxygen can be described by the following equation:

 * $$A[\mathrm{O}]_\text{theoretical} (%) = 16\frac{p}{m} \times 100,$$

where $p$ is the number of peroxide groups in the molecule, and $m$ is the molecular mass of the pure peroxide.

Organic peroxides are often sold as formulations that include one or more phlegmatizing agents. That is, for safety sake or performance benefits the properties of an organic peroxide formulation are commonly modified by the use of additives to phlegmatize (desensitize), stabilize, or otherwise enhance the organic peroxide for commercial use. Commercial formulations occasionally consist of mixtures of organic peroxides, which may or may not be phlegmatized.

Safety

Peroxides are also strong oxidizers and easily react with skin, cotton and wood pulp. For safety reasons, peroxidic compounds are stored in a cool, opaque container, as heating and illumination accelerate their chemical reactions. Small amounts of peroxides, which emerge from storage or reaction vessels are neutralized using reducing agents such as iron(II) sulfate. Safety measures in industrial plants producing large amounts of peroxides include the following:

1) The equipment is located within reinforced concrete structures with foil windows, which would relieve pressure and not shatter in case of explosion.

2) The products are bottled in small containers and are moved to a cold place promptly after the synthesis.

3) The containers are made of non-reactive materials such as stainless steel, some aluminium alloys or dark glass.

For safe handling of concentrated organic peroxides, an important parameter is temperature of the sample, which should be maintained below the self accelerating decomposition temperature of the compound.

The shipping of organic peroxides is restricted. The US Department of Transportation lists organic peroxide shipping restrictions and forbidden materials in 49 CFR 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table based on the concentration and physical state of the material:

title: Organic peroxides


text:
Gershon Kingsley

Gershon Kingsley (born Götz Gustav Ksinski; October 28, 1922 – December 10, 2019) was a German-American composer, a pioneer of electronic music and the Moog synthesizer, a partner in the electronic music duo Perrey and Kingsley, founder of the First Moog Quartet, and writer of rock-inspired compositions for Jewish religious ceremonies. Kingsley is most famous for his 1969 influential electronic instrumental composition "Popcorn".

Kingsley conducted and arranged many Broadway musicals, and he composed for film, television shows and commercials. His compositions were eclectic and vary between avant-garde and pop styles. Kingsley also composed classical chamber works, and his opera Raoul was premiered in Bremen, Germany in 2008. His work was recognized with a Tony Award nomination for Best Conductor and Musical Director, two Clio Awards for his work in advertising music, and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Bob Moog Foundation. Kingsley died on December 10, 2019, at the age of 97 in Manhattan, New York.

Early life
Kingsley was born Götz Gustav Ksinski in 1922 in Bochum, Weimar Republic, the son of Marie Christina, a homemaker, and Max Ksinski, a carpet dealer and pianist. His father was born Jewish and his mother, originally Catholic, converted to Judaism. He grew up in Berlin where his parents ran a large carpet shop. They had originally met in Essen, when his father, returning from Berlin on a business trip, had dropped in to a wine bar managed by two sisters, one of whom soon became Kingsley's mother. The elder Ksinski had spent the evening playing the piano in the bar, after which romance quickly blossomed.

As his father was Jewish, he fled Nazi Germany in 1938 to settle in Palestine where the 15-year-old, self-taught musician began his career in music. He escaped Germany a few days before Kristallnacht and joined kibbutz Ein Harod, Mandatory Palestine, while his parents stayed behind at that time. At the kibbutz he taught himself to play the piano. He joined the Hagana Jewish Settlement Police (Notrim) and also played jazz in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. He studied at the Jerusalem conservatory of music. His parents and brother had escaped to Cuba, from where, eventually, they succeeded in obtaining visas for the United States, where Kingsley met up with them eight years later. After World War II, Kingsley emigrated to America where he became a pit conductor for Broadway musical shows in 1946 after graduating from the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and adopted the pseudonym Gershon in tribute to the son of Moses.

Musical career
In 1964, Kingsley worked as an arranger at Vanguard Records, and in 1965, after ceasing to be a colleague of the avant-garde composer John Cage he met and formed a duet known as Perrey and Kingsley with the French musician Jean-Jacques Perrey, they released two albums:The In Sound from Way Out! in 1966 and Kaleidoscopic Vibrations in 1967, and subsequently went their separate ways. A song written by Kingsley and Perrey, "Baroque Hoedown" (from their 1967 album) was used by Walt Disney Productions for the Main Street Electrical Parade theme parks; and the song "The Savers", best known as the theme for the game show The Joker's Wild from 1972 to 1975 would go on to fame in 1968 as the Clio Award-winning music for a television advertising for No-Cal diet drinks.

Embarking upon a solo career, Kingsley, in 1969, released on Audio Fidelity Records, the album Music to Moog By, an album consisting of covers of popular songs, some of which were by Ludwig van Beethoven and The Beatles as Für Elise, Nowhere Man and Paperback Writer, while others were traditional like the British ballad Scarborough Fair. Music to Moog By also contains original works such as "Hey, Hey" co-written by Eileen Davies and sampled years later by RJD2 on the song "The Horror". Another of his original tracks is "Popcorn", his signature song. The single released from this album was Nowhere Man, with Sunset Sound as the b-side.

His next musical effort was with a band called First Moog Quartet in 1970: As the result of a request by famous impresario Sol Hurok to hear the Moog synthesizer's capabilities demonstrated live. Other group members included Howard Salat, Stan Free, Eric W. Knight, and Ken Bichel. On January 30, 1970, the group became the first to ever play electronic music in Carnegie Hall. With Robert Moog present, they were accompanied by several other musicians and four singers. While reactions were mixed, immediate results included a university tour and some interesting collaborative works with the Boston Pops Orchestra.

They only recorded one 1970 album entitled First Moog Quartet, on Audio Fidelity Records, which consisted of live recordings from his nationwide tour featuring four Moog synthesizers. Some of these compositions are more experimental, featuring spoken word and beat poetry backed by synthetic noises and tones. Kingsley then moved beyond the Moog, and later pioneered the use of the earliest Fairlight and Synclavier digital synthesizers. And at least one 45 rpm single. Arthur Fiedler asked Kingsley to write a Concerto for Moog; the quartet performed the work, scored for synthesizer quartet and symphony orchestra, with the Boston Pops in 1971. He also wrote the logo sting (animated logo accompanied with music) for WGBH-TV in Boston, that appears throughout the United States on PBS programming produced by the station.

Discography

 * 1960: Love and Laughter (with Davey Karr & Betty Walker)
 * 1962: Helen Jacobson Presents Fly Blackbird Original Cast Album (with Clarence Bernard Jackson)
 * 1963: Shoshana! (as conductor)
 * 1964: Mozart After Hours (as conductor, arranger, harpsichordist) (with Maureen Forrester & Wiener Akademie Kammerchor)
 * 1964: Jan Peerce on 2nd Avenue (as conductor, arranger)
 * 1965: Fleury — The Isles of Greece (as arranger, conductor)
 * 1966: The In Sound from Way Out! (with Perrey)
 * 1966: New Songs of the Auvergne — Netania Davrath (as orchestrator)
 * 1966: Jan Peerce — Art of the Cantor (as conductor, arranger)
 * 1967: Kaleidoscopic Vibrations: Electronic Pop Music from Way Out (with Perrey)
 * 1968: Shabbat '68
 * 1968: The New Exciting Voice of Sol Zimel — Favorite Jewish Melodies (as arranger, conductor)
 * 1969: Jan Peerce Neapolitan Serenade
 * 1969: Music to Moog By (also a single from this album Nowhere Man b/w Sunset Sound)
 * 1970: First Moog Quartet
 * 1970: Gershwin (Alive & Well & Underground)
 * 1971: Greta Keller Sings Love Is A Daydream And Other Songs By Yulya
 * 1971: Kaleidoscopic Vibrations: Spotlight on the Moog (re-release of 1967 Kaleidoscopic Vibrations album under other name)
 * 1972: Popcorn (with his band First Moog Quartet)
 * 1973: The Best Of The Moog
 * 1974: The 5th Cup Featuring Theodore Bikel
 * 1975: Incredible Synthesizer
 * 1975: The Essential Perrey & Kingsley
 * 1980: Julia Migenes Latin Lady (as producer, conductor, arranger)
 * 1982: Julia Migenes-Johnson Sings Gershwin (as conductor, arranger)
 * 1986: Much Silence
 * 1987: Das Schönste Von Julia Migenes
 * 1989: Cruisers 1.0
 * 1990: Anima
 * 2001: The Out Sound from Way In! The Complete Vanguard Recordings
 * 2005: Voices from the Shadow
 * 2006: God Is a Moog
 * 2007: Vanguard Visionaries: Perrey & Kingsley
 * 2012: The Electronic Pop Songs
 * 2012: Space Age Computer Music

Filmography

 * 1969 Sam's Song
 * 1970 The Dreamer (Ha-Timhoni)
 * 1972 Silent Night, Bloody Night
 * 1973 Sugar Cookies

Broadway productions

 * The Entertainer musical director (February 12, 1958 – May 10, 1958)
 * La Plume de Ma Tante musical director (November 11, 1958 – December 17, 1960)
 * Vintage '60 arranger, musical director (September 12, 1960 – September 17, 1960)
 * Josephine Baker musical director (February 4, 1964 – February 16, 1964)
 * Cafe Crown vocal arranger, musical director (April 17, 1964 – April 18, 1964)
 * I'm Solomon vocal arranger, musical director (April 23, 1968 – April 27, 1968)

Off-Broadway productions

 * Ernest in Love arranger (opened May 4, 1960)
 * Fly Blackbird! arranger, musical director (opened February 2, 1962)
 * King of the Whole Damn World arranger (opened April 14, 1962)
 * Put it in Writing arranger, pianist (opened May 13, 1963)
 * The Cradle Will Rock musical director, Clerk (opened November 8, 1964)
 * Hotel Passionato orchestrator, musical director (opened October 22, 1965)
 * Great Scot! additional musical arrangements, musical director (opened November 10, 1965)
 * Hooray! It's a Glorious Day ... and all that orchestrator (opened March 3, 1966)

title: Gershon Kingsley