text:
Publius Attius Varus

Publius Attius Varus (died 17 March 45 BC) was the Roman governor of Africa during the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey. He declared against Caesar, and initially fought Gaius Scribonius Curio, who was sent against him in 49 BC.

Political career
Varus held the office of praetor no later than 53 BC. No record of his earlier political career survives. He was promagistrate, and likely propraetor, in Africa in 52 and possibly earlier.

Role in civil war
On the outbreak of the civil war, Varus, an adherent of the optimates, was stationed in Picenum at the head of a considerable force. Upon the approach of Caesar, he was forced to evacuate the area. He and his levies joined Pompey in Apulia.

When Pompey left Italy for Greece, Varus crossed over into Africa, and took possession of his former province, which had been allotted to Q. Aelius Tubero for the purpose of obtaining grain. Excluded from his province by Varus, Tubero then went to join Pompey. Varus was well known in Africa from his earlier propraetorship, and was thus able to raise two legions.

The battle for Africa
Caesar sent Curio to Africa to take it away from the Pompeians. Curio was given command as a reward for his political support, but he had only limited military experience, and none at high command. He commanded legions that were initially recruited by the Pompeians but had switched allegiance at the surrender at Corfinium.

Curio successfully landed his forces near Utica, surprising Varus' army. One of Varus' officers, Sextus Quinctilius Varus, who had been at Corfinium, appealed to Curio's legions to desert and return to their original loyalty. The troops refused and, after a success in a cavalry skirmish, Curio led them in a bold, uphill attack which swiftly routed Varus's army. Encouraged by this success, Curio acted on what proved to be faulty intelligence, and attacked what he believed to be a detachment of Juba's army. In fact, the bulk of the king's forces were there and, after an initial success, Curio's forces were ambushed and virtually annihilated. Curio was surrounded with the remnants of his troops on a hilltop and died in the fighting. Only a small fraction of his army, including the historian Asinius Pollio and the later consul Gaius Caninius Rebilus, escaped to Sicily.

Aftermath
After the Battle of Pharsalus, the remaining Pompeians, including Cato, fled to Africa to continue the struggle. At Cato's insistence, Varus resigned the supreme command to the consular Metellus Scipio. The official rank of Varus from 48 BC was legatus pro praetore, as attested by inscriptional evidence.

In 46 BC, Varus was one of the commanders of the Pompeian fleet. After the defeat at the Battle of Thapsus, Varus fled to Hispania (Spain). There he was defeated off Carteia in a naval battle by Gaius Didius, who commanded Caesar's fleet, and forced to join the army on shore. He fell at the Battle of Munda. His head, together with that of Titus Labienus, was presented to Caesar.

title: Publius Attius Varus


text: Template:Phoenix Suns roster

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Phoenix Suns roster


text:
Songs of Freedom

Songs of Freedom is a four-disc box set containing music by Bob Marley and the Wailers, from Marley's first song "Judge Not", recorded in 1961, to a live version of "Redemption Song", recorded in 1980 at his last concert.

The song "Iron Lion Zion" was first released on this compilation, in what is often considered the original mix (although the original is said to not have included the harmony vocals from the I-Threes). The single releases (and subsequent compilation releases) use a remix which was created for the single using modern production, which sounds very different.

"Why Should I" was remixed for this compilation and released as a single. The original wasn't released until the JAD/Universal box set Man To Man in 2004. The original was recorded in 1971 and features Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer's backing vocals, which were replaced by The I-Threes on the remix.

It is said to be complementary to the greatest hits compilation Legend, in the sense that any of the tracks with the same names are presented in different versions from the normal single mixes on Legend - as an example see the number of 12" mixes in the track listing below. The exceptions are the original versions of "Get Up, Stand Up" and "Easy Skanking", the latter appearing on the 2002 Deluxe Edition remaster.

title: Songs of Freedom


text:
Cape Doctor

"Cape Doctor" is the local name for the strong, often persistent and dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer (September to March in the southern hemisphere). It is known as the Cape Doctor because of a local belief that it clears Cape Town of pollution and 'pestilence'.

Background
Although the wind blows over a wide area of the Western Cape Province, it is notorious especially in and around the Cape Peninsula, where it can be unpleasantly strong and irritating. Capetonians also call it "the South-Easter".

The South Easter is usually accompanied by fair weather. However, if the South-Easter is accompanied by a cut-off low as occasionally happens in the spring and autumn months, this can cause heavy rains to fall over the Western Cape. This phenomenon is popularly known as a Black South-Easter. The Laingsburg flood of January 1981 was caused by heavy rains as part of a Black South Easter.

It is ironic that the meteorological records for Cape Town show that the north-westerly winds of winter can be far stronger than the South-Easter, while these winds are not given such a positive name. This could be because the north-westerly winds are usually accompanied by rain, which can fall for days.

title: Cape Doctor


text:
NEPA (disambiguation)

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is a 1970 environmental law of the United States.

NEPA may also refer to:

Organisms

 * Nepa (bug), a genus of aquatic insects
 * Nepa (plant), a genus of legumes

Organizations

 * National Electric Power Authority in Nigeria, the Power Holdings Company of Nigeria
 * National Economic Protectionism Association, a non-government organization of the Philippines
 * NEPA Lagos F.C., a Nigerian association football team
 * NEPA Breakers, an American Basketball Association team
 * National Environment and Planning Agency, part of the Jamaica Civil Service Association

Places

 * Nepa (Martian crater), a crater on Mars
 * Nepa (village), a locality in Nepal
 * Nepa Kingdom, a mountainous kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata
 * Nepa, the historical name of Nepal as mentioned in the Ramayana
 * Nepa (river), a tributary of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska in Russia
 * Nepa Valley, historical name for Kathmandu Valley
 * Northeastern Pennsylvania, region roughly synonymous with the Coal Region

Other uses

 * Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft, United States Army Air Forces project
 * Stefano Nepa (born 2001), Italian motorcycle rider

title: NEPA (disambiguation)


text:
Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum

The Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum is a small railroad museum in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, United States.

The museum (SFTM) is dedicated to preserving and operating car number 10 of the former Shelburne Falls and Colrain Street Railway. This is a combination passenger-baggage trolley car built by the Wason Manufacturing Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1896 and is the last known trolley car from the Shelburne Falls & Colrain Street Railway.

In 1992, Marshall Johnson donated car number 10 (which his father had bought and saved when the Shelburne Falls & Colrain Street Railway shut down, decades earlier) to a small group of people who restored the car back to working order.

The museum also has a small assortment of equipment that is not related to the Shelburne Falls & Colrain Street Railway, including an ex-Central Vermont caboose, a Central Vermont handcar, two MBTA PCC cars, and other railroad and trolley equipment.

The Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum is located in the old Buckland Freight yard.

title: Shelburne Falls Trolley Museum


text: Category:Lebanese composers

title: Category:Lebanese composers


text:
Vinorelbine

Vinorelbine (NVB), sold under the brand name Navelbine among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It is given by injection into a vein or by mouth.

Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, pain at the site of injection, vomiting, feeling tired, numbness, and diarrhea. Other serious side effects include shortness of breath. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Vinorelbine is in the vinca alkaloid family of medications. It is believed to work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules and thereby stopping cell division.

Vinorelbine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Medical uses
Vinorelbine is approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. It is used off-label for other cancers such as metastatic breast cancer. It is also active in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Side effects
Vinorelbine has a number of side-effects that can limit its use:

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (a progressive, enduring and often irreversible tingling numbness, intense pain, and hypersensitivity to cold, beginning in the hands and feet and sometimes involving the arms and legs ), lowered resistance to infection, bruising or bleeding, anaemia, constipation, vomitings, diarrhea, nausea, tiredness and a general feeling of weakness (asthenia), inflammation of the vein into which it was injected (phlebitis). Seldom severe hyponatremia is seen.

Less common effects are hair loss and allergic reaction.

Pharmacology
The antitumor activity is due to inhibition of mitosis through interaction with tubulin.

History
Vinorelbine was invented by the pharmacist Pierre Potier and his team from the CNRS in France in the 1980s and was licensed to the oncology department of the Pierre Fabre Group. The drug was approved in France in 1989 under the brand name Navelbine for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. It gained approval to treat metastatic breast cancer in 1991. Vinorelbine received approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 1994 sponsored by Burroughs Wellcome Company. Pierre Fabre Group now markets Navelbine in the U.S., where the drug went generic in February 2003.

In most European countries, vinorelbine is approved to treat non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. In the United States it is approved only for non-small cell lung cancer.

Oral formulation
An oral formulation has been marketed and registered in most European countries. It has similar efficacy as the intravenous formulation, but it avoids venous toxicities of an infusion and is easier to take. The oral form is not approved in the United States, or Australia.

title: Vinorelbine


text:
Friedrich Karl Biedermann

Friedrich Karl Biedermann (25 September 1812 in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony – 5 March 1901) was a German professor, politician, and publisher who greatly aided the Liberal movement in Germany during the process of German Unification.

Early life and education
Friedrich Karl Biedermann was born in Leipzig on September 25, 1812. He lived with his mother and his father is the source of much speculation. Biedermann was an avid scholar at a young age and at the age of nine he entered a school in Dresden that was run by Free Masons. Bierdermann's stay was so traumatizing for him later wrote that he never fully recovered. Richard Bazillion suggests that his hatred of tyranny and oppression stems from this early abuse. Biedermann attended the University of Leipzig in 1830 and in 1833 attended the university in Heidelberg where he began to aspire towards a career in academics. He received his doctorate in May 1835 back in Leipzig and began to teach philosophy, becoming professor in 1838.

The Social Question
During the 1830s and 1840s, Biedermann and many other liberals saw the divide between the working and the upper classes rapidly expand because of industrialization and rapid urbanization. His native Saxony was one of the most severely affected by this and was the most overpopulated German kingdom. Standards of living in urban areas and quality of life were overwhelmingly on the decline. The traditional guilds that protected pre-industrial workers were being dismantled as factories needed less skilled labor to produce a cheaper product. Karl Biedermann and other urban intellectuals saw the need to modernize quickly to improve living conditions and ensure that the emerging working class had decent standards of living. As social unrest developed and cities began to riot, Biedermann became more and more convinced "the social peace depended on social justice for the working class." His treatise on the Social Question stated that much of the burden placed on the working class could be lessened if the government used proper management and policies of social welfare. He published many articles about the Social Question in his quarterly journal and gave several lectures in Leipzig and Dresden between 1846 and 1847 on the subject. He studied many socialist thinkers and while he respected their commitment to social equality, he sided with liberalism and a reduced role of the state in social welfare.

Political Role in the Unification of Germany
When he joined the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848, Biedermann had already developed a reputation as a strong liberal. He was a political and social commentator who was well known as an advocate of free speech, largely in part because of his prosecution of excessive censorship in 1845. Many recognized him as a leader of the liberal party in Saxony because of the acclaim of his trial. After the February Revolution in Paris, he led a Leipzig delegation to an audience with the ruler of Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, with the purpose of convincing him to open the Bundestag to popular representation. Frederick did not listen and Saxony began its March revolution. After the regime collapsed, Biedermann assumed a role on the Committee of Fifty that would serve as an interim government. He pushed for a Prussian monarch and a constitutional system similar to that of England. Throughout the entire process he was a staunch supporter of social reform in favor of the proletariat.

After Frankfurt
Returning to Leipzig in 1863 he edited the newspaper Deutsche Aligemeine Zeitung and regained his professorship in 1865. He was again a member of the Saxon Upper House, and from 1871 to 1874 a member of the German Reichstag. He died at Leipzig on 5 March 1901.

Biedermann's chief works are: Erinnerungen aus der Paulskirche (Leipzig, 1849); ''Deutschland im 18. Jahrhundert (Leipzig, 1854–1880); Friedrich der grosse und sein Verhaltnis zur Entwickelung des deutschen Geisteslebens (Brunswick, 1859); Geschichte Deutschlands 1815-1871 (Berlin, 1891); Deutsche Volkessend Kulturgeschichte'' (Wiesbaden, 1901). He also wrote the dramas, Kaiser Heinrich V. (Weimar, 1861); Kaiser Otto III. (Leipzig, 1862); and Der letzte Burgermeister von Strassburg (Leipzig, 1870).

title: Friedrich Karl Biedermann


text:
Telescopic handler

A telescopic handler, also called a lull, telehandler, teleporter, reach forklift, or zoom boom, is a machine widely used in agriculture and industry. It is somewhat like a forklift but has a boom (telescopic cylinder), making it more a crane than a forklift, with the increased versatility of a single telescopic boom that can extend forwards and upwards from the vehicle. The boom can be fitted with different attachments, such as a bucket, pallet forks, muck grab, or winch.

Uses
In industry, the most common attachment for a telehandler is pallet forks and the most common application is to move loads to and from places unreachable for a conventional forklift. For example, telehandlers have the ability to remove palletised cargo from within a trailer and to place loads on rooftops and other high places. The latter application would otherwise require a crane, which is not always practical or time-efficient.

In agriculture the most common attachment for a telehandler are buckets or bucket grabs, again the most common application is to move loads to and from places unreachable for a 'conventional machine' which in this case is a wheeled loader or backhoe loader. For example, telehandlers have the ability to reach directly into a high-sided trailer or hopper. The latter application would otherwise require a loading ramp, conveyor, or something similar.

The telehandler can also work with a crane jib along with lifting loads, the attachments that include on the market are dirt buckets, grain buckets, rotators, power booms. The agricultural range can also be fitted with three-point linkage and power take-off.

The advantage of the telehandler is also its biggest limitation: as the boom extends or raises while bearing a load, it acts as a lever and causes the vehicle to become increasingly unstable, despite counterweights in the rear. This means that the lifting capacity quickly decreases as the working radius (distance between the front of the wheels and the centre of the load) increases. When used as a loader the single boom (rather than twin arms) is very highly loaded and even with careful design is a weakness. A vehicle with a 5,000 lb capacity with the boom retracted may be able to safely lift as little as 400 lb with it fully extended at a low boom angle. The same machine with a 5,000 lb lift capacity with the boom retracted may be able to support as much as 10,000 lb with the boom raised to 70°. The operator is equipped with a load chart which helps him determine whether a given task is possible, taking into account weight, boom angle and height. Failing this, most telehandlers now utilize a computer which uses sensors to monitor the vehicle and will warn the operator and/or cut off further control input if the limits of the vehicle are exceeded, the latter being a legal requirement in Europe controlled by EN15000. Machines can also be equipped with front stabilizers which extend the lifting capability of the equipment while stationary, as well machines which are fully stabilised with a rotary joint between upper and lower frames, which can be called mobile cranes although they can typically still use a bucket, and are also often referred to as 'Roto' machines. They are a hybrid between a telehandler and small crane.

Operator licensing
In some jurisdictions, a license is required in order to operate a telehandler under law or regulations of a national or other jurisdictional authority.

For example, in Australia, a Gold Card can be obtained for telehandlers with a capacity of three tonnes or less for standard attachments where the machine is operated from below. The Gold Card is issued by the Telescopic Handler Association of Australia (TSHA). The Gold Card is not a legally required qualification however verbal instruction is not considered an appropriate training method as it lacks evidence of competency training. Competency training with evidence of learning and written assessment is legally required in Australia.

In Victoria, Australia, a WorkSafe CN licence is a legally required licence for machines with a capacity of over three tonnes with standard attachments where the machine is operated from below. Telehandlers fitted with elevated work platform attachments and are operated from the basket are classified as elevated work platforms and require elevated work platform licences, such as the EWPA Yellow Card or Worksafe WP Licence. A WorkSafe C2 licence or higher may apply when using slewing-type telehandlers.

title: Telescopic handler


text:
User:TenOfAllTrades/Policy reform treadmill

The Policy Reform Treadmill

or

Why the Cabal Killed Your Proposal

Who is the Reformer?
The Reformer is an experienced Wikipedian. He will almost always have accumulated thousands of edits over many months of contributions. He will probably be recognized as a regular (if not necessarily frequent) participant in discussions on the Administrator's Noticeboard and its subpages, and has probably offered at least one or two statements at Requests for Arbitration (though not necessarily as a party). Sometimes he is a denizen of the Requests for Adminship process and its talk page.

The Reformer will have almost always witnessed (what he perceives as) a recent, grave miscarriage of justice in some Wikipedia process. This miscarriage will involve the (in)action of administrators (usually), Arbitrators (sometimes), or Bureaucrats (occasionally). The situation may involve the Reformer directly as a party, it may affect a friend or close colleague of the Reformer, it may involve parties (especially administrators) with whom the Reformer has had past conflicts, or it may simply be an area where the Reformer's sense of justice has been offended. In any event, the Reformer will feel that Something must be Done.

The Reformer's experience
Clearly, the System is badly flawed. Existing policies don't adequately acknowledge the problems, let alone offer solutions. Only a substantial Reform can bring about the much-needed return of fairness and justice to Wikipedia. Incremental change would be worse than useless, deceiving the masses into believing that their concerns were heard.

The Reformer ponders. He sees the way forward to a shining new Wikipedia. Quickly, he drafts a policy proposal. It might describe a new, faster way to remove adminship, or a new body which can critique or overturn the ArbCom's actions. He knows that he alone cannot bring about change, so he sends some cautiously-worded invitations to like-minded editors, encouraging them to tinker with his – still in userspace – draft proposal.

The Reformer's friends and allies congratulate him on his wisdom, and this small working group rapidly hammers out a working sketch of the new policy. They work well together; disputes are resolved quickly and informally; open, calm, cool-headed communication is the order of the day. Progress is swift. All agree that the Reform is urgently needed, and the document takes shape over a few days — a few weeks, at the outside.

Proud of their accomplishments, the Reformer and his associates take their Proposal to the community. More often than not, this takes the form of a post to the Village Pump soliciting input. (The Reformer has learnt from past, bitter experience that demanding a straight up-and-down vote at this point would be futile; the community demands its say.) A handful of naysayers flatly reject the Proposal on the Village Pump itself, but their criticisms are quickly blunted by reminders that the Proposal is, after all, still in draft form and open to revision.

For two or three days, a torrent of activity floods the Proposal's talk page. The comments slow to a trickle as the Proposal notice moves up the Village Pump page and fades into the archives. Many editors make one or two comments, emphasizing one or two issues or criticisms, and then they don't return. A handful of editors stay a bit longer. Some are enthusiastic, while others express deep misgivings. The Reformer and his associates offer rebuttals to the criticisms; many times the critics don't respond further, as the Reformer has clearly answered their concerns.

Perhaps one or two critics remain active on the talk page, repeating, rephrasing, restating, and expanding their criticisms if they are unsatisfied by the Reformer's responses. Still, the Reformer is satisfied. Several editors have now had a chance to voice opinions on his proposal. Most have responded positively, and many of the critics have – by their silence – implicitly accepted the Reformer's rebuttals. If a small minority of critics can't be satisfied, then so be it — there will always be cronies of the current administration who fear any attempt at reform no matter how well-planned. After a couple of weeks pass, discussion fades to nearly nothing on the Proposal's talk page, and the draft is deemed complete.

The Reformer calls for a vote on the new, finalized Proposal. Announcements are posted at the Village Pump, at the administrator's noticeboard, at Template:Cent. Early returns are very positive; support is near-unanimous over the first dozen or two votes and the Reformer expects the proposal to pass easily. But wait — a day or two passes, and the picture changes drastically. Out of nowhere, an overwhelming wave of negative votes and comments rolls in. As the numbers mount, it becomes painfully clear that the community does not support the Reformer. The Proposal is defeated.

Everything was going smoothly, but a sudden, massive influx of naysayers arrived to crush the desperately-needed, all-but-implemented Proposal. What happened? What possible explanation could there be?

The Reformer can reach but one conclusion. The ossified, rigid, bloated power structures of Wikipedia have once again acted to evade reform. Honest, hardworking editors will one day rise up and smite their oppressors, but – alas – today will not be that day.

The Wet Blanket's perspective
The Wet Blanket is stolid, even dour. He is an editor of long standing, as experienced as the Reformer, and probably has a sysop bit. He has seen this process many times before, and wishes that the Reformer would learn from past mistakes. His view of the process goes something like this.

Likely naysayers aren't invited to participate in original policy draft development. This is not surprising, nor is it necessarily undesirable. There are some editors who will likely reject the vast majority of such proposals out of hand, and their involvement in the early drafting process may be more hindrance than help. Personal and editorial conflicts with the proposal author(s) are likely to interfere with development of the embryonic proposal. Nevertheless, the Reformer forgets the existence of these other editors at his peril. Assessing the likely acceptability of a proposal on the basis of input from a small group of (often discontented) editors is apt to be misleading at best, and utterly futile at worst.

At the next stage – usually a public request for comment at the Village Pump or some other venue – a new proposal faces its first real test of community faith. In principle, it is at this stage that a proposal can take its first real steps towards wider acceptance. In practice, this is the point where most proposals cement their failure — whether anyone notices at the time or not.

Faced with a sudden influx of new editors who are largely unfamiliar with the proposal or its development history, the Reformer faces a mix of support, suggestions, criticism, and disapproval. Unfortunately, a proposal's more emotionally-invested supporters will tend to discourage any contribution from critics. In some cases, a proposal will flame out at this point. In more unfortunate cases, the proposal will appear to survive, as criticisms are ignored or dismissed until most critics leave the talk page. The Reformer will feel that the proposal has survived its challenges; the Wet Blankets just give up.

As proposal development proceeds, there will be a continued absence of clarity about the aims and goals of the process. Supporters feel that the need is obvious, and require no further explanation, evidence, or analysis. Little or no evidence is provided supporting the need for the proposed changes, beyond the bare assertion that such a need exists. Requests by the occasional surviving Wet Blanket for specific details will be shrugged off; the Wet Blanket will be accused of attempting to subvert and disrupt the process by asking divisive questions.

A vote is eventually called. Sometimes, there will be multiple polls with too many bells, whistles, and options. Other times there are significant gaps in the details of the proposed policy. The rest of the time, the Proposal just doesn't meet the community's standards and needs; often flaws pointed out weeks or months earlier by the Wet Blanket and other critics remain in the final product.

The community, unpersuaded by the arguments, troubled by a lack of detail, or concerned about the potential for abuse, votes resoundingly to reject the proposal.

The Wet Blanket observes that the correct outcome has been reached, and the community has been protected from what would be disruptive and couterproductive policy. Nevertheless, the Wet Blanket resigns himself to seeing another damn Proposal a few months down the road, with the same damn problems as the last dozen.

Philosophical notes and observations

 * We tend to develop policy on a descriptive rather than prescriptive basis. We prefer to endorse ideas that have been tested and found viable.  Similarly, evolutionary changes are generally much easier to sell than revolutionary ones.

 * Most editors, at any given time, aren't particularly unhappy. The bulk of the community often perceives – sometimes fairly, sometimes not – the firebrand Reformer as driven by personal vendettas or a sense of sour grapes.

 * Most of us don't like 'processes', and would prefer to get on with writing an encyclopedia.

 * We are cynical about additional layers of authority, and creating an infinitely-nested layer of watchers who watch the watchers who watch the watchers seems an exercise in futility and diminishing returns.

 * Silence implies consent, except when it doesn't.

Getting off the treadmill
I don't know. Does anyone want to offer a suitable Proposal to Reform the Policy Reform Process? Hm....


text:
Chubasco

A chubasco is a violent squall with thunder and lightning, encountered during the rainy season along the Pacific coast of Mexico, Central America, and South America.

The word chubasco has its origins in the Portuguese word chuva which means rain. The monsoon storms that regularly pass over the southwestern United States, including the southern regions of Arizona and New Mexico, are sometimes referred to as chubascos. In the northern parts of Mexico, especially the northeast and north central, the word chubasco is used especially for suddenly occurring localised storms that produce very strong winds, sometimes as much as 90 miles per hour, and intense rains of as much as 5-6 inches in less than an hour. Straight-line winds can topple windmills and break large limbs of large, sometimes ancient trees. The phenomenon normally occurs during the hottest days of the year (May through October).

title: Chubasco


text:
Talk:Rogers Hornsby

300 HR comment
Jeff Kent has since passed 300 home runs so the comment that Rogers is the only 2B to hit 300 HRs needs to be removed.

KKK Member
Well there are two KKK members in the hall of fame and Ty Cobb while known as a racist there is no evidence he was in the KKK the two members were Tris Speaker and Rogers Hornsby both Texas natives.

From another post

Speaker was a member of the KKK, but this was when it was more a political party than what we think of it today. He actually was very supportive of many African-American players when they started to come into the majors.

As for Collins, was it him or Pinky Higgins who was the racist (or was it both of them)? Posted by John (Don't Call Me Grandma) Murphy on  September 01, 2004 at 05:50 PM (#831739)

Hornsby was also a KKK member, I believe, but he wasn't very partial to black ballplayers (though he wasn't a virulent racist).

My understanding is that Hornsby was a bigot to some degree, about both blacks and Jews. So were a lot of white people in his generation... and now, for that matter, except it's not socially acceptable. Instead, you hear euphamisms about "liberals" and how they've "ruined this country" during the last 50 years (coincident with Brown v. Board of Education). Hornsby was fairly despicable in a number of ways. Most of his players, who were white, hated him. But unless you can cite solid evidence that he was in the KKK and that it's relevant, i.e. that he openly supported lynchings, etc., then to put it on here smacks of McCarthyism. I see where Lucille Ball's association with Communism in her younger days gets a mention, but that's because she was called before the HUAC. I am not aware that Hornsby was ever called to account for whatever organizations he might or might not have belonged to. But if he was, and if it's verifiable and not just gossip, that could merit a mention on this page. Wahkeenah 20:05, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Call me olf-fashioned, but are there any sources for this? I see a lot of nice stories and for all I know (or anyone that reads them) they could be completely made up. Example

 * "As with some other star athletes, as a manager he had trouble relating to players who shared neither his talent nor his zeal for winning. As his playing skills waned, he tended to be shuffled from team to team, wearing out his welcome quickly among his charges."

Sounds like POV / unverifiable information to me. Mglovesfun 01:49, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Based on his treatment of Satchel Paige, I would say that he wasn't a bigot, but that is pure speculation by me.... 99.182.32.199 (talk) 04:10, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

Only player to win Triple Crown twice
On the Triple Crown wiki-page, Ted Williams is listed has having won twice, as well.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.212.217.80 (talk) 16:18, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Rogers Hornsby


text:
Bonifacio

Bonifacio may refer to:

Places

 * Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud, a town in Corsica, France
 * Strait of Bonifacio, separating Corsica from Sardinia
 * Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines
 * Bonifacio Global City, a central business district in Metro Manila, Philippines
 * Fort Bonifacio, an army camp in Metro Manila, Philippines
 * Liwasang Bonifacio, a public square in Manila, Philippines
 * Bonifacio Drive, a major road in Manila, Philippines

Other uses

 * Bonifacio (name), including a list of people with the name
 * Bonifacio Transport Corporation, an intercity bus company in the Philippines
 * Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo, a 2014 Philippine historical drama film

title: Bonifacio


text:
Clarin

Clarin or Clarín may refer to:

Geography

 * Clarin, Bohol, a municipality in the province of Bohol, Philippines
 * Clarin, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the province of Misamis Occidental, Philippines
 * River Clarin, a river in Ireland

Media

 * Clarín Group, an Argentine media conglomerate
 * Clarín (Argentine newspaper)
 * Clarín Awards, awards sponsored by the newspaper above
 * Clarín (Chilean newspaper)

People

 * Clarín (Leopoldo Alas, 1852–1901), Spanish writer
 * Hans Clarin (1929–2005), German actor
 * Irene Clarin (born 1955), German television and theatre actress

Other uses

 * CLARIN, a European research network for the humanities and social sciences
 * Clarín 580 AM, a Uruguayan radio station specializing in tango
 * Clarin-1, protein; see CLRN1

title: Clarin


text:
Washington Monument (Baltimore)

The Washington Monument is the centerpiece of intersecting Mount Vernon Place and Washington Place, an urban square in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood north of downtown Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first major monument to honor George Washington (1732–1799).

History
The Monument, a colossal landmark column, was designed by American architect Robert Mills (1781–1855), who also designed the later Washington Monument on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Construction began in 1815 on land donated by Colonel John Eager Howard (1752–1827), from his extensive "Belvidere" estate just north of Baltimore Town, and the masonry work was completed by 1829. The 178 foot, 8 inch doric column holds a ground-floor gallery offering digital exhibits about the construction of the Monument, the history of Mount Vernon and Washington Places neighborhood and of the life and accomplishments of General and President George Washington. Climbing the 227 steps to the top provides a view of the city from the historic neighborhood where it is located. Its neighbors and cultural institutions within a few blocks include the Peabody Institute, The Walters Art Museum, the Central Library of the Enoch Pratt Free Library, the Maryland Center for History and Culture with its Enoch Pratt Mansion, the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (old Baltimore Cathedral), and the Baltimore School for the Arts (public high school).

The glorification of Washington began long before his death at his beloved Mount Vernon estate, along the Potomac River in Virginia in December 1799. The old Confederation Congress (1781–1789 under Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union) had first announced a desire for a sculpture in his honor in 1783 after the end of the War and of General Washington's resigning of his commission and after his death, revived the idea of a memorial. However, these expressions of honor in the national capital floundered and would not be realized for decades. A monument honoring Washington in Baltimore, then an up-and-coming rising town, the third largest in North America, was first proposed as early as 1807, and in 1809 a Board of Managers of private citizens formed to commission and fund the monument intended to be erected in the old former colonial-era Courthouse Square on North Calvert Street, between East Lexington and East Fayette Streets (today's location of the Battle Monument Square, constructed simultaneously 1815–1822). In 1810, the first lottery authorized by the General Assembly of Maryland, was held. In 1813, an architectural competition was announced with a $500 prize to design and build the Monument at a cost of $100,000. Mills's design was chosen in 1814, the architect having taken pains to demonstrate to the Board of Managers that he was the first native born American with architectural training. The cornerstone was laid with great ceremony on Independence Day, July 4, 1815.

Mills's competition-winning designs included rich ornamentation, six iron galleries (balconies) dividing the exterior shaft into seven sections with text and images on each level highlighting important moments in Washington's life. An interior spiral staircase led to the top, where surmounting the column Washington was depicted in a quadriga. Concerns over the expense of this design, as well as its projected height caused later changes in not only its design, but location. Residents of old Courthouse Square feared the tall column would fall on their houses in the event of some natural disaster, so a new location was found in Howard's Woods, north of the city, on the "Belvidere" estate and with a 200 square feet of surrounding land for future public squares/parks, which was donated by noted leading citizen, American Revolutionary War hero, Col. John Eager Howard, (1752–1827) of the famed "Maryland Line" regiment of the Continental Army.

By the time the Monument's cornerstone was laid in Howard's Woods in 1815, Mills had significantly simplified the original elaborate design as depicted in an account of the Fourth of July ceremony. The design of the completed column is very similar to the Colonne Vendôme in Paris, which ultimately derived from Trajan's Column in Rome and was adopted in this time of the increasing popularity of Neoclassicism in American architecture.

The dignified cornerstone ceremony was overseen by the Monument's Board of Managers. Board President and noted citizen, James Buchanan observed that the city of Baltimore had not only "the glory of being the first to erect a monument of gratitude to the father and benefactor of our country," but that it had a "peculiar propriety" in erecting "this first expression of national gratitude," because of its successful defense against the British Army and Royal Navy during the Battle of Baltimore the previous fall.

At the ceremony it was declared that the Monument was to stand as "memorial of the blessings and advantages that our country derived from the character of and conduct of that personage whose name it is to bear, and whose virtues it is to perpetuate." Following speeches, the cornerstone was laid by Levin Winder, then Governor of Maryland and head of the Maryland Freemasons, in a dignified masonic ceremony. The entire proceedings were printed in the local newspaper, picked up by newspapers in other major cities, and published in a souvenir booklet with illustrations.

Almost from the moment the cornerstone was laid, and particularly as the structure began to rise out of the ground (the first marble was laid in 1816), the Monument was a destination and an active memorial. In June 1817, during fifth President James Monroe's visit to the city, his itinerary included a visit to the Monument. Construction sites in the early nineteenth century were not what they are today, and during the building period it is clear the Monument was visited inside and out. As early as 1819 guests were leaving evidence of their visit in the Monument's subterranean vaults. By shortly after 1820 with the column proper largely complete with its integral interior staircase, visitors were already climbing to the top. New York City newspaper editor Nathaniel H. Carter visited in February 1823 and climbed to the top, escorted by a boy with a candle, to take in the views of the city.

The monument, constructed of marble from three quarries further north in Baltimore County, Maryland, rises 178 feet 8 inches and consists of three main elements: a low, square base containing a gallery; a plain, unfluted column; and, atop the column, a standing figure of Washington. The marble was sourced from three quarries: the base from General Charles Carnan Ridgely's (1760–1829), quarry, (near his Baltimore County estate of Hampton Mansion near Towsontown), the column and other details from Scott's quarry, and the statue from the quarry of Mrs. Frances D. T. Taylor.

Washington is depicted on the top of the Monument resigning his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, an act which took place in the Old Senate chamber in the Maryland State House in the state capital of Annapolis, Maryland on December 23, 1783. The Confederation Congress was meeting in the Maryland capitol which served for a few months as the temporary national capital. While there, the Congress also ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing the independence of the United States by Great Britain.

The statue was carved by Italian-born sculptor Enrico Causici, who previous to his work on the Monument had been employed carving reliefs for the United States Capitol. William Rusk, in his book Art in Baltimore: Monuments and Memorials, tells the following story about the raising of Causici's marble statue of Washington in 1829. "Tradition recalls a prodigy occurring when the statue was raised to the summit of the monument – a shooting star dashed across the sky and an eagle lit on the head of the settling general." Details added to the monument in the 1830s include the bronze inscriptions on all facades documenting eight principal events in George Washington's life, including his military and presidential career. Former president John Quincy Adams assisted the monument's board of managers in determining the wording of these events. The interior of the monument was stuccoed at this time and exterior wood doors installed, painted to imitate ancient Roman bronze doors. The cast-iron fence around the base was also designed by Mills and added in 1838. It contains symbolic references to the Maryland and the strength achieved through the union of the original thirteen colonies.

Other memorials to Washington were erected in Maryland and in the nearby national capital, including the one now in Washington Monument State Park (near Boonsboro, Maryland and the Appalachian Trail), which was first constructed in 1827. The Boonsboro monument as it now stands reflects at least two rebuildings after the structure had fallen into ruin. In 1848 Mills's Washington Monument in the national capital was begun, but it would not be completed and dedicated until 1885. Because of this, for decades the Baltimore Washington Monument served as a leading symbol of American pride and gratitude towards George Washington, as a founding father and the first president of the nation. Mid 19th century maps, for instance, pair the Baltimore column with the Capitol building because the Washington, DC monument had only just begun.

The monument is now open for tourists.

Lighting of the Washington Monument
Since 1971, the city has held the annual "Lighting of the Washington Monument" during the first Thursday in December. A holiday village is held prior to the lighting ceremony in the West Square of Mount Vernon Place. Typically, the flipping of the switch for the lights is followed by a fireworks show. After the lighting, the holiday lights remain on the monument until after Christmas Day. The 49th annual Downtown Partnershop Monument Lighting was held virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cultural references

 * The Monument is referenced by Herman Melville (as Ishmael) in Chapter XXXV (The Mast-Head) of Moby-Dick, "Great Washington, too, stands high aloft on his towering main-mast in Baltimore, and like one of Hercules' pillars, his column marks that point of human grandeur beyond which few mortals will go."
 * In the show Ace of Cakes the star Duff does the ceremonial lighting of the Monument. He was quoted saying that Baltimore's monument was first, better, cooler, and lights up.
 * The Hollywood film ...And Justice for All has a scene of Al Pacino running around the monument.
 * The film The Bedroom Window, directed by Curtis Hanson, is set largely in Mount Vernon and is about an attempted murder that takes place at the base of the monument.
 * In 1998, an opening scene to the movie Pecker was filmed in front of the Washington Monument. In audio commentary that accompanies the DVD, director John Waters states that the photo the film's titular character (played by Edward Furlong) takes of the monument is "the oldest dirty joke in Baltimore" due to the resemblance of Washington's extended arm to a large phallus when viewed from the angle at which the photo is taken.
 * The TV show House of Cards includes some scenes of the monument and surrounding area such as the Peabody Institute and the Belvedere Hotel.

Restoration
The Monument was closed in June 2010 by the City of Baltimore for safety reasons, according to articles in the Baltimore Sun and Washington Post newspapers. Missing mortar and rusted support brackets were among specific safety concerns. Several months later, a driver ran a 1997 Chrysler van through the southeast corner on October 30, 2010 and damaged roughly 15 feet of the fence. While reports initially indicated the Monument's closure would last three months, it was later determined that reopening would not take place until a renovation was completed. In 2012 the City of Baltimore entered into a partnership agreement with the Mount Vernon Place Conservancy to restore, maintain, and manage the Monument and parks squares of Mount Vernon Place.

The monument has undergone a $5.5 million restoration by the Mount Vernon Place Conservancy which began in January 2014. It was reopened and rededicated on July 4, 2015, in celebration of the bicentennial of the cornerstone being laid.

1815 Cornerstone rediscovered and 1915 Time Capsule discovered
During the monument's restoration two time capsules were discovered, the Monument's original 1815 cornerstone and a 1915 Centennial time capsule. Although the Monument's cornerstone had long been known to exist, its exact location was unknown. The 1915 Centennial time capsule, however, had been forgotten to time. The first to be discovered, the 1915 time capsule, was a sealed copper box that had been placed behind a plaque in the monument during the centennial celebrations in 1915. It was discovered in October 2014.

In February 2015, during digging for a sewage tank, a second time capsule, the Monument's original cornerstone, was discovered containing three well preserved glass jars stuffed with and surrounded by newspapers from July 1 and July 3, 1815, the days right before the laying of the cornerstone. The cornerstone was a nearly perfect granite cube with a marble lid, weighing between 1,000 and 1,500 pounds (roughly 450 to 700 kg). Besides the jars, the cornerstone contained a panel carved by local stonemasons and carvers of the time, and is expected to contain additional items, including coins and a metal plate. Like the 1915 capsule, the cornerstone contents were taken to the Walters Art Museum for analysis.

The contents of the 1815 cornerstone were fully revealed, and the 1915 time capsule opened, on June 2, 2015, at the Walters Art Museum. Among many interesting artifacts, the 1815 cornerstone contents included a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence printed in the (Baltimore) Federal Gazette on July 3, 1815, the day before the cornerstone was laid. The newspaper was folded open to the page printing the Declaration, and appears to be the last item placed in the stone. This inclusion suggests that to those who built the Monument in 1815, it was not just the first monument to honor America's founding father, George Washington, but also one of the earliest American monuments celebrating American national independence.

The contents of both time capsules can be seen on public display at the Maryland Center for History and Culture, located just 2 blocks from the monument.

Historic designation
The Washington Monument is the centerpiece the public squares of Mount Vernon Place, which comprise the Mount Vernon Place National Historic Landmark District, designated in 1971. The Historic District is in turn within the Mount Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, and the Baltimore National Heritage Area.

title: Washington Monument (Baltimore)


text:
Miss Macao

Miss Macao was a Catalina seaplane owned by Cathay Pacific and operated by subsidiary Macau Air Transport Company. On 16 July 1948 it was involved in the first hijacking of a commercial aircraft. Piracy for robbery and ransom was the motive. The aircraft crashed after the pilot was shot while resisting the attackers, leaving one of the hijackers as the sole survivor of the incident.

The lone survivor, Wong Yu, confessed to membership of the gang of four pirates who attempted the hijacking (then simply labelled "piracy"). The hijackers met with fierce resistance during which the pilot was shot, causing the aircraft to crash, but Wong Yu survived by jumping out the emergency exit just before the plane hit the water. The object of the plot was to rob wealthy passengers and hold them for ransom. He was brought to court by the Macau police, but the Macau court suggested that the prosecution should be brought in Hong Kong instead, since the plane was registered in Hong Kong and most of the passengers were from there. However, the British colonial government in Hong Kong stated that the incident happened over Chinese territory in which the British had no jurisdiction. Since no state claimed authority to try him, Wong was released without trial from Macao Central Prison on 11 June 1951, and was then deported to China (by then the People's Republic of China).

title: Miss Macao


text:
Burn, North Yorkshire

Burn is a small village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated 3 mi south of Selby and 14 mi south of York. The village is mainly situated around the main A19 road with the addition of a small housing estate built in the mid-1960s to the west of the main road.

Burn was in the Selby District of North Yorkshire until 2023. The village was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974.

History
To the east of the A19 is Burn Airfield, built in 1942 as a bomber airfield in the Second World War. The airfield was owned by Yorkshire Forward (the regional development agency) prior to the dissolution of that body in 2012, and is now owned by the Homes and Communities Agency. It is now used by Burn Gliding Club. For some time in the early 21st century there were plans that the airfield might be developed as the site of the European Spallation Source (ESS), a particle accelerator facility to generate neutrons by spallation. Outline planning permission for the ESS was conditionally granted by Selby District Council on 14 September 2005. However, later statements by Lord Sainsbury the then outgoing UK Science Minister that "no major science facility should be built outside existing sites at Oxford and Daresbury" made it appear unlikely that the project would go ahead. Burn has its own telephone exchange which serves about 400 premises. It was enabled for ADSL in October 2004 and ADSL Max in March 2006. It has been accepting orders for FTTC BT Infinity since February 2014.

In the 20th century, Burn had a missionary house that was used as a Sunday School. It is now a private dwelling.

George King, a great-grandfather of the Colombian footballer Radamel Falcao, was born in the village.

Burn also has a public house called The Wheatsheaf Inn.

Discovery of Chen Cai Guan
In January 2009, Chinese national Chen Cai Guan was tortured and beaten to death in a warehouse on an Elvington Industrial Estate, just outside York. The two men responsible for the murder Huang Bao Lung and Zhang Zhouli both admitted links to the 14K Triads, a Hong Kong based criminal gang. Huang and Zhang rented the warehouse as part of a nationwide Cannabis factory operation, using a food storage business as a front.

In March 2009, the body of Mr Chen was found by fishermen at the canal in Burn. When the North Yorkshire Police raided the facility in Elvington shortly after the murder took place, they seized 1,500 Cannabis plants and arrested the suspects, also finding traces of the victim's blood that they had failed to cover up.

In July, Both Huang, from Fujian in China, and Zhang, from Dong Bei, were handed life sentences in with minimum terms of 18 years and 16 years respectively after being convicted of Mr Chen's murder.

title: Burn, North Yorkshire


text:
GE U23C

The 2300 horsepower GE U23C diesel-electric locomotive model was first offered by GE in 1968, and featured a V-type 12 cylinder version of the standard GE FDL diesel motor. Designed as a competitor to EMD's SD38 and SD39 series, it was intended for heavy transfer, drag and hump service where speed was not a priority. Other than six tall hood doors matching six power assemblies per side, there are very few features which distinguish the U23C from the U30C. The U30C has eight tall hood doors per side, a function of the V16 within.

A total of 73 units were built at Erie including 20 for export to Brazil. An additional 150 units were built by GE de Brazil from 1972 to 1976, some as kits supplied by GE.

Preservation
• LS&I #2300 is preserved at the Arkansas Railroad Museum in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. It is the only known surviving example of a U23C in North America.

title: GE U23C


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WikiProject Clouds

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:25, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Clouds
No meaningful edits since creation in August 2003 and nothing there to archive. Hiding talk 15:29, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agreed, the changes have been insignificant since its start. -Harmil 15:39, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, empty Pavel Vozenilek 00:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Project has petrified. Xoloz 05:27, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Hiding. Radiant_ >|< 12:12, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:69.210.25.119

title: User talk:69.210.25.119


text:
User talk:טרול רפאים

Sorry, I can't put a message onto your hebrew page. I would like to ask if you know any about the name Refaim - it must be the name of a ancient people as well as of a region south of Jerusalem. Maybe you can leave me a message? It would be great if you could create an article about it! Scriberius 15:29, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, the "Refaim" at my username is from the Hebrew words for "ghost"(רוח רפאים). The connection is existed (I supposed that ghosts at Hebrew is called after the Refaim at the bible) but I haven't know more information about it. Troll Refaim 18:47, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Scriberius 03:51, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ido Bassok
Hello, טרול רפאים,

Welcome to Wikipedia! I edit here too, under the username SportingFlyer and it's nice to meet you :-)

I wanted to let you know that I’m proposing an article that you started, Ido Bassok, for deletion because it's a biography of a living person that lacks references. To prevent the deletion, please add a reference to the article.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment here and prepend it with. And, don't forget to sign your reply with. Thanks!

Message delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.

SportingFlyer  T · C  03:34, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It isn't clear how exactly cites of Hebrew will help the readers, anyway you can see so I deleted them. Troll Refaim (talk) 11:23, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

Ido Bassok moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Ido Bassok, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. Captain Eek Edits Ho Cap'n!⚓ 07:14, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

OK, checking how can be improved. Troll Refaim (talk) 19:25, 28 December 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Ido Bassok for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ido Bassok is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ido Bassok until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:22, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I saw this message only now (In rare case that I log in is to Wikipedia is to Hebrew one). Anyway, my response wouldn't be different, improvement of article requires time that I cannot invest. Troll Refaim (talk) 19:21, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:טרול רפאים


text:
National Library, Singapore

The National Library, Singapore is the flagship national library of Singapore. A subsidiary of the National Library Board (NLB), it is located on an 11,304–square metre site in Victoria Street within the Downtown Core. It is the country's largest public library.

The library has regional branches throughout the country such as in Jurong, Tampines and Woodlands as well as affiliations with academic and professional libraries. The branch libraries are open to the general public and consist of circulating libraries. The National Library also consists of research libraries, which are also open to the general public.

History
The National Library traces its history back to 1823 with the establishment of the first national public library as suggested by Stamford Raffles, the founder of modern Singapore. It was renamed the Hullett Memorial Library in 1923, co-located with Singapore's first school, Raffles Institution, at a site now occupied by the Raffles City complex. It moved to a separate Library and Museum Building in 1887 under the name of Raffles Library as part of the Raffles Museum, before moving to the Stamford Road premises in 1960 under the name of the National Library of Singapore where it was opened by Yusof Ishak, the first President of Singapore.

Central Public Library
Formerly known as the Central Lending Library at 91 Stamford Road, the collection was relocated to 100 Victoria Street and opened as the Central Public Library in 2005.

In June 2022, the Central Public Library was completely overhauled, and re-opened in January 2024 as a venue offering a myriad of learning experiences for all ages.

The lending library is currently home to the Children's Biodiversity Library by S.E.A. Aquarium, and also offers content on Singapore culture, literature and sustainability.

Lee Kong Chian Reference Library
Previously known as the National Reference Library, the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library adopted its new name after receiving a S$60 million donation from the Lee Foundation, founded by Dr Lee Kong Chian. It occupies 7 storeys (Levels 7-13) at the National Library Building with a floor area of 14,265 square metres.

Current building
The current building, a 16-storey, two-block development situated in the city's Civic District, replaces the old National Library at Stamford Road, which closed on 31 March 2004.

In May 1999, Swan & Maclaren Architects won the tender to design the new National Library.

In March 2000, Minister for National Development Mah Bow Tan announced that that old National Library will be demolished and a new National Library be built on Victoria Street.

In January 2001, Malaysian architect, Ken Yeang, split from the design team from Swan and Maclaren, resulting Swan and Maclaren losing the design contract. Yeang joined architectural firm T. R. Hamzah & Yeang and the firm took over the design contract for the National Library.

The library moved to its new home on 22 July 2005, and was officially opened on 12 November that year by the then President S. R. Nathan. It is the flagship building of the National Library Board, bringing together the core functions of the old library by incorporating a reference library, known as the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library, as well as a public library, the Central Public Library, under one roof.

The building, was designed by T.R. Hamzah & Ken Yeang.

On the highest 16th level rooftop, there is a large closed area designed like a bubble called The Pod, used for functions and events. Although not a public viewing gallery, it has a panoramic 360-degree view of the city core and Marina bay area. The plaza on the ground floor has a cafe and is often used as an exhibition space. There are escalators on every floor, from Basement 3 to level 14th. The basement carpark has 246 lots. A number of old bricks from the old National Library building has been incorporated into the present building.

Sections
The main collections found at each level of the National Library Building include:
 * Level B1 – Central Public Library Collection
 * Level 7 – Business, Science and Technology Collections
 * Level 8 – The Arts and Social Sciences Collections
 * Level 9 – Chinese, Malay and Tamil Collection
 * Level 10 – Donors' Collections, Asian Children's Collection
 * Level 11 – Singapore and Southeast Asian Collection. Microfilms. Maps.
 * Levels 12 and 13 – Rare Materials Collection (limited access, only with permission)

title: National Library, Singapore


text: Template:Ukraine-bio-stub

title: Template:Ukraine-bio-stub


text:
Jiménez (surname)

Jiménez is a patronymic surname of Iberian origin, first appearing in the Basque lands.

Jiménez is a patronymic construction from the modern-styled given name Jimeno, plus the Spanish suffix -ez, representing 'son of' Jimeno. The root appears to stem from Basque semen ('son'), attested in Aquitanian inscriptions as Sembeconnis and like forms. The patronymic appears in the 10th century Latin Códice de Roda genealogies as Scemenonis.

Variants of the surname include Jimenes, Ximénez/Ximenes, Giménez/Gimenes, Chiménez, Chimenes, Seménez, Semenes, Ximenis or Eiximenis in Catalonia, in Sicilian Scimemi or Scimeni and the Neapolitan Chimenz or Chimenez. In Spanish orthography, the variations of Jiménez that end with a z are written with an acute accent on the second syllable. In English, all variations are commonly written without the diacritic. In Portuguese orthography, there is no diacritic used for Ximenes.

Spelling
As the modern name Ximenes has an -es suffix, it is almost certainly of Portuguese, Galician or Old Spanish origin, as the orthographic change to -ez (and the consonant shift from X to J) was revised in Spain only in the late 18th century. This was not the case in Portugal.

Other languages in Castilian-dominated lands like Aragon, Asturias, Galicia, often retained the -es ending, and their descendants bear witness to this historical anomaly. In Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearics, the ending -is is used instead of -es (or -ez), hence, the spelling Ximenis (or the variant with vowel epenthesis, Eiximinis or Eximenis).

Ximenes is found most commonly in Portugal, and in all of the ex-Portuguese Crown territories, especially in Brazil. Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, Nobel Laureate from East Timor in 1996, and Brazilian actress Mariana Ximenes are prime examples of this historical difference.

Jimenes

 * Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra (1847–1919), President of the Dominican Republic

Jiménez or Jimenez

 * Alex Jimenez (born 1982), United States Army soldier missing in action in Iraq and Iran
 * Carmen Jiménez (1920–2016), Spanish artist
 * Carmita Jiménez (1944–2003), Puerto Rican singer
 * Celia Jiménez (chef), Spanish chef
 * César Jiménez (disambiguation), various people
 * Christian Jimenez (born 1986), American soccer player
 * Cláudia Jimenez (1958–2022), Brazilian actress and comedienne
 * Dany Jiménez (born 1993), Major League Baseball player
 * David Jimenez (disambiguation), various people
 * Eloy Jiménez (born 1996), Major League Baseball player
 * Elvio Jiménez (born 1940), Major League Baseball player
 * Emma Laura Gutiérrez Jiménez, Mexican actress
 * Eustacio Jiménez (1976–2010), a Mexican professional wrestler better known as El Hijo de Cien Caras
 * Flaco Jiménez (born 1939), Mexican-American musician
 * Francisco Jiménez (governor) (born 1979), colonial Nahua noble from Tecamachalco
 * García Jiménez of Pamplona, ninth century Pamplona royalty
 * Iker Jiménez (born 1973), Spanish journalist
 * Jesús Jiménez Zamora, President of Costa Rica (1863–1866 and 1868–1870)
 * Joe Jiménez, Puerto Rican baseball player
 * Joe Jimenez, American golfer
 * José Jiménez (baseball) (born 1973), Major League Baseball player
 * José Alfredo Jiménez (1926–1973), Mexican singer-songwriter
 * José F. Jiménez (1946–1969), United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipient for heroism
 * José María Jiménez (1971–2003), Spanish cyclist
 * Joseph Jimenez, American business executive, former chairman of Novartis
 * Joyce Jimenez (born 1978), Filipino-American actress
 * Juan Leon Jimenez Molina (born 1953), Costa Rican chess master
 * Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881–1958), Spanish poet, Nobel Laureate

 * Luis Antonio Jiménez (born 1984), Chilean soccer player
 * Manilyn Reynes-Jimenez (born 1972), Filipina singer and actress
 * Manny Jiménez (1936–2017), Major League Baseball player
 * Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1914–2001), President of Venezuela 1952–1958
 * María del Pilar Jiménez Alzate, Colombian biological researcher
 * Marissa Jiménez (born 1979), Puerto Rican politician
 * Marta Ruiz Jiménez (born 1970), American philosopher
 * Michele Jimenez, ballet dancer
 * Miguel Ángel Jiménez (born 1964), Spanish professional golfer
 * Natalia Jiménez (born 1981), Spanish singer-songwriter
 * Omar Jimenez (born 1993), American broadcast journalist
 * Óscar Jiménez (disambiguation), several people
 * Pete Jimenez (1917–2006), American soldier in World War II
 * Phil Jimenez (contemporary), American comic book writer
 * Ramón Jiménez Gaona (born 1969), Paraguayan discus thrower
 * Raúl Jiménez (born 1991), Mexican football player
 * Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, son of Jesús Jiménez Zamora; President of Costa Rica (1910–1914, 1924–1928 and 1932–1936)
 * Roberto Jiménez (footballer, born 1983), Peruvian footballer
 * Roberto Jiménez (footballer, born 1986), Spanish footballer
 * Ryan Jimenez (born 1971), Philippines-born Catholic archbishop
 * Sérgio Jimenez (born 1984), Brazilian racing driver
 * Arvin Impuesto Jimenez(1974–2014), Filipino actor and radio personality known as Tado
 * Tony Jimenez, Spanish businessman and property developer

Ximenes

 * Aurora Ximenes (born 1955), East Timorese politician
 * Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo (born 1948), Roman Catholic Bishop of East Timor, Nobel laureate
 * Claudio de Jesus Ximenes (contemporary), Supreme Court Chief Justice of East Timor
 * David Ximenes (1777–1848) British Army officer, magistrate and landowner, younger brother of Morris Ximenes
 * Didacus Ximenes (died 1560), Spanish monk, theologian, rector of the University of Salamanca
 * Ettore Ximenes (1855–1926), Italian sculptor
 * Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517), Spanish Cardinal, inquisitor and statesman (called in his lifetime "Ximenes de Cisneros")
 * Júlio Ximenes Sênior (1901–1975), Brazilian scientist, author, and World War II Army general
 * Leonardo Ximenes (1716–1786), Italian mathematician, engineer, astronomer and geographer
 * Mariana Ximenes (born 1981), Brazilian actress
 * Morris Ximenes (1762–1837), British Army officer and Berkshire landowner
 * Orion Ximenes Filho (born 1945), Brazilian actor, voice-over artist
 * Paulo César Ximenes (born 1943), Brazilian economist
 * Sebastiano Ximenes (c. late–16th century), Italian banker of Portuguese origin in Florence, patron of the arts
 * Vicente T. Ximenes (1919–2014), Mexican-American civil rights pioneer and politician
 * Ximenes, pseudonym of Derrick Somerset Macnutt (1902–1971), British crossword compiler

Eiximenis

 * Francesc Eiximenis (14th century), Franciscan Catalan writer

Fictional characters

 * José Jiménez (character), created by comedian Bill Dana
 * Colonel Jimenez, a corrupt officer in the San Theodoran military in the fictional work The Broken Ear, part of the Adventures of Tintin by Hergé
 * Daniel Jiménez is the Democratic candidate for the American presidency in the HBO television series Succession, played by Elliot Villar.
 * Marcelo Jimenez, in the 2014 survival horror game The Evil Within
 * Lori Jiménez, a child character from the anime series Transformers: Cybertron
 * Jim Jimenez, a pirate on the television series Our Flag Means Death

Ruling dynasty
The Jiménez dynasty is a name sometimes given a dynasty that in 905 became kings of Pamplona, eventually expanding their control to most of Christian Iberia.

title: Jiménez (surname)


text:
Panaon

Panaon can refer to
 * Panaon Island, an island of the Philippines in the province of Southern Leyte
 * Panaon, Misamis Occidental, a municipality on the island of Mindanao, Philippines

title: Panaon


text:
Talk:Anthony Gomes

Fan page link
dead link 81.96.150.18 (talk) 16:29, 29 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthony Gomes


text:
Hawthorne, CA (album)

Hawthorne, CA, subtitled Birthplace of a Musical Legacy, is the second anthology collection by the Beach Boys and released through Capitol Records. A double-compact disc, it was put together after the positive reaction to the Endless Harmony Soundtrack to give hardcore Beach Boys fans more rarities and alternate versions of well-known songs. The collection features spoken word tracks from different band members recorded throughout the 1990s during production of the Endless Harmony documentary, as well as a clip from a 1969 radio show. Home recordings dating back to 1960 and a backing track from 1973's "Sail On, Sailor" were also included. It never charted in either the United States or the United Kingdom, and it is currently out of print.

Disc one

 * 1) "Mike Love Introduces 'Surfin'' " – 0:48
 * 2) "3701 West 119th Street, Hawthorne, California: The 'Surfin'' Rehearsal (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:40
 * 3) "Happy Birthday Four Freshman" (unknown) – 0:56
 * 4) "Mike On Brian's Harmonies" – 0:45
 * 5) "Their Hearts Were Full of Spring" (Bobby Troup) – 2:31
 * 6) * Live rehearsal for Hawaii performance, 25 August 1967
 * 7) "Surfin' U.S.A." (demo) (Brian Wilson, Chuck Berry) – 2:03
 * 8) "Surfin' U.S.A." (Backing track) (Brian Wilson/Chuck Berry) – 2:35
 * 9) "Carl Wilson Radio Promo" – 0:15
 * 10) "Shut Down" (live) (Brian Wilson, Roger Christian) – 1:56
 * 11) * Recorded in Chicago on 26 March 1965 with Brian Wilson
 * 12) "Little Deuce Coupe" (demo) (Brian Wilson, Roger Christian) – 1:51
 * 13) "Murry Wilson Directs A Radio Promo" – 0:25
 * 14) "Fun, Fun, Fun" (backing track) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:26
 * 15) "Brian's Message to 'Rog' - Take 22" – 0:29
 * 16) "Dance, Dance, Dance" (stereo remix) (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:05
 * 17) "Kiss Me, Baby" (a cappella mix) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) - 2:50
 * 18) "Good to My Baby" (backing track) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:32
 * 19) "Chuck Britz On Brian In The Studio" – 0:21
 * 20) "Salt Lake City" (session highlights) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 1:49
 * 21) "Salt Lake City" (stereo remix) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:08
 * 22) "Wish That He Could Stay" (session excerpt) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 1:12
 * 23) "And Your Dream Comes True" (stereo remix) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 1:06
 * 24) "Carol K Session Highlights" – 2:12
 * 25) "The Little Girl I Once Knew" (alternate version) (Brian Wilson) – 2:33
 * 26) "Alan and Dennis Introduce 'Barbara Ann' " – 0:29
 * 27) "Barbara Ann" (session excerpt) (Fred Fassert) – 2:52
 * 28) "Barbara Ann" (master take without Party overdubs) (Fred Fassert) – 3:08
 * 29) "Mike On The Everly Brothers" – 0:22
 * 30) "Devoted to You" (master take without Party overdubs) (Felice and Boudleaux Bryant) – 2:19
 * 31) "Dennis Thanks Everybody/In the Back of My Mind" (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:25
 * 32) * Includes a hidden excerpt of The Beach Boys singing a brief tribute to KFWB radio station in concert

Disc two

 * 1) "Can't Wait Too Long" (a cappella mix) (Brian Wilson) – 0:50
 * 2) "Dennis Introduces Carl" – 0:43
 * 3) "Good Vibrations" (stereo track sections) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 3:13
 * 4) "Good Vibrations" (concert rehearsal) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 4:09
 * 5) * Recorded in Hawaii on 25 August 1967
 * 6) "Heroes and Villains" (stereo single version) (Brian Wilson, Van Dyke Parks) – 3:40
 * 7) "Vegetables" (promo - instrumental section) (Brian Wilson, Van Dyke Parks) – 0:56
 * 8) "Vegetables" (stereo extended mix) (Brian Wilson, Van Dyke Parks) – 3:01
 * 9) "You're with Me Tonight" (Brian Wilson) – 0:49
 * 10) "Lonely Days" (unknown) – 0:49
 * 11) "Bruce on Wild Honey" – 0:14
 * 12) "Let the Wind Blow" (stereo remix) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) – 2:35
 * 13) "I Went to Sleep" (a cappella mix) (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson) – 1:35
 * 14) "Time to Get Alone" (alternate version) (Brian Wilson) – 3:39
 * 15) "Alan And Brian Talk About Dennis" – 0:19
 * 16) "A Time to Live in Dreams" (Dennis Wilson, Stephen Kalinich) – 1:50
 * 17) "Be with Me" (backing track) (Dennis Wilson) – 3:17
 * 18) "Dennis Introduces 'Cotton Fields' " – 0:10
 * 19) "Cottonfields (The Cotton Song)" (stereo single version) (Huddie Ledbetter) – 3:15
 * 20) "Alan And Carl on 'Break Away' " – 0:21
 * 21) "Break Away" (alternate version) (Brian Wilson, Reggie Dunbar) – 3:12
 * 22) * "Reggie Dunbar" is a pseudonym for Murry Wilson
 * 23) "Add Some Music to Your Day" (a cappella mix) (Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Joe Knott) – 3:29
 * 24) "Dennis Wilson" – 0:27
 * 25) "Forever" (a cappella mix) (Dennis Wilson, Gregg Jakobson) – 2:51
 * 26) "Sail On, Sailor" (backing track) (Brian Wilson, Van Dyke Parks, Tandyn Almer, Raymond Louis Kennedy, Jack Rieley) – 3:16
 * 27) "Old Man River" (vocal section) (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 1:20
 * 28) "Carl Wilson" – 0:39
 * 29) "The Lord's Prayer" (stereo remix) (Albert Hay Malotte) – 2:33
 * 30) "Carl Wilson - Coda" – 2:28
 * 31) * Includes a hidden excerpt of background vocals from "Heroes and Villains"

title: Hawthorne, CA (album)


text:
Cordonazo wind

Cordonazo winds or the Lash of St. Francis (el cordonazo de San Francisco), refers to southerly hurricane winds along the intertropical region (Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela). In Mexico the term is especially associated with tropical cyclones in the southeastern North Pacific Ocean.

These storms may occur from May to November, but ordinarily affect the coastal areas most severely near or after the Feast of Saint Francis, on October 4.

title: Cordonazo wind


text:
SEAT 850

The SEAT 850, also popularly known as "ocho y medio" ("eight and a half", 8.5), was a supermini produced by Spanish automaker SEAT and based on the Fiat 850. The car was produced in Spain from April 1966 to 1974 and it was quite popular during that time.

Originally only available with the same 2-door sedan body as used in Italy, two different 4-door versions also appeared in 1967. The very rare corto (short) used the bodywork developed by Francis Lombardi for the Fiat 850 "Lucciola", while the largo (long) version used a floorpan lengthened by 15 cm and bodywork developed specifically by Carrocerías Costa for SEAT.

History
At the 1971 Paris Motor Salon, the 850 Especial Lujo (Special deLuxe) was presented, only available with the 4-door largo body. Production ended in late 1974, having been replaced by the SEAT 133, essentially an 850 rebodied in the style of the 127. Sedans and the standard coupé received 843 cc four-cylinder engines with either 37 or. After Fiat 850 production ceased in Italy in 1972, the SEAT version was sold in European countries through Fiat dealers for a couple of years. These cars had a Fiat badge which had "costruzione SEAT" underneath it.

Production figures
The total production per year of SEAT 850 cars is shown in the following table :

SEAT 850 Sport
The SEAT 850 Sport model was based on the Fiat 850 Coupé and Spider versions and was also available in two variants: The Sport Coupé and Spider versions were also built in Spain, although they were never exported. They were equipped with a 51 hp-metric 903 cc engine as opposed to the lower powered, 843 cc standard cars.
 * SEAT 850 Sport Spider, the convertible variant
 * SEAT 850 Sport Coupé and SEAT 850 Coupé, the two model versions of the coupé variant

title: SEAT 850


text:
Vultee XP-54

The Vultee XP-54 Swoose Goose was a prototype fighter built by the Vultee Aircraft Company for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).

Design and development
Vultee submitted a proposal in response to U.S. Army Air Corps request R40C. The Vultee design won the competition, beating the Curtiss XP-55 Ascender and the Northrop XP-56 Black Bullet. Vultee designated it Model 84, a descendant of their earlier Model 78. After completing preliminary engineering and wind tunnel tests, a contract for a prototype was awarded on 8 January 1941. A second prototype was ordered on 17 March 1942. Although it appeared to be a radical design, performance was lackluster, and the project was canceled.

The XP-54 was designed with a pusher engine in the aft part of the fuselage. The tail was mounted rearward between two mid-wing booms, with the twelve-foot propeller between them. The design included a "ducted wing section" developed by the NACA to potentially enable installation of cooling radiators and intercoolers in the inverted gull wing. The Pratt & Whitney X-1800 engine was proposed as the powerplant, but after its development was discontinued the liquid-cooled Lycoming XH-2470 was substituted.

In September 1941, the XP-54 mission was changed from low-altitude to high-altitude interception. Consequently, a turbo-supercharger and heavier armor was added, and empty weight increased to 18,000 lb (5,200 to 8,200 kg).

The XP-54 was unique in numerous ways. The pressurized cockpit required a complex entry system: the pilot's seat acted as an elevator for cockpit access from the ground. The pilot lowered the seat electrically, sat in it, and raised it into the cockpit. Bail-out procedure was complicated by the pressurization system, necessitating a downward ejection of the pilot and seat to clear the propeller arc. Also, the nose section could pivot through the vertical, three degrees up and six degrees down. In the nose, two 37 mm T-9 cannon were in rigid mounts while two .50 cal machine guns were in movable mounts. Movement of the nose and machine guns was controlled by a special compensating gun sight. Thus, the cannon trajectory could be elevated without altering the flight attitude of the airplane. The large nose section gave rise to its whimsical nickname, the Swoose Goose, inspired by a song about Alexander who was half-swan and half-goose: "Alexander was a swoose." – a name shared with the oldest surviving B-17.

Operational history
Flight tests of the first prototype, 41-1210, began on 15 January 1943. Trials showed performance to be substantially below guarantees. Simultaneously, development of the XH-2470 engine was discontinued. Although the Allison V-3420 engine could be substituted, that required substantial airframe changes. Projected delay and costs resulted in a decision to not consider production buys.

The prototypes continued to be used in an experimental program until problems with the Lycoming engines and lack of spare parts caused termination. The second prototype, 42-108994 (but mistakenly painted as 42-1211) equipped with an experimental GE supercharger, made ten flights before it was relegated to a "parts plane" to keep the first prototype in the air.

title: Vultee XP-54


text:
Hondius

Hondius can refer to two possibly unrelated families of engravers and cartographers, who both moved from Flanders to the Dutch Republic in the 1590s:

 * Amsterdam family originating from Ghent:
 * Jodocus Hondius (1563–1612)
 * Jodocus Hondius II (1593–1629), first son of Jodocus I
 * Hendrik Hondius II (1597–1651), second son of Jodocus I
 * The Hague family originating from Duffel:
 * Hendrik Hondius I (1573–1650)
 * Willem Hondius (c. 1598–1650s), one of his sons
 * Hendrik Hondius III (1615–1677), another son

title: Hondius


text:
Rowland Hill (disambiguation)

Sir Rowland Hill (1795–1879) introduced postal reforms in the UK that led to the issuance of the world's first postage stamps.

General Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill (1772–1842), commanded British units in the Napoleonic Wars and later became Commander-in-Chief.

Rowland Hill or Roland Hill may also refer to:
 * Roland Hill (cricketer) (1868-1929), Australian cricketer
 * Roland Hill (journalist) (1920–2014), British journalist and biographer
 * Rowland Hill (MP) (c. 1495–1561), Lord Mayor of London and publisher of the Geneva Bible
 * Sir Rowland Hill, 1st Baronet (1705–1783), first of the Hill Baronets, of Hawkstone, MP for Lichfield
 * Rowland Hill (preacher) (1744–1833), nonconformist leader and vaccination advocate
 * Rowland Hill, 2nd Viscount Hill (1800–1875), British peer and MP for Shropshire
 * Rowland Broadhurst Hill, Australian politician
 * Rowland Hill (cricketer) (1851–1912), English cricketer
 * Rowland Clegg-Hill, 3rd Viscount Hill (1833–1895), British peer
 * Sir George Rowland Hill (1855–1928), English rugby union administrator
 * Rowland Richard Clegg-Hill, 4th Viscount Hill (1863–1923), British peer

title: Rowland Hill (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Rowland Hill (disambiguation)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Andrew Oakley (talk) 12:12, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

Rowland Hill → Rowland Hill (disambiguation) – Vast majority of incoming links are for the postal reformer. Propose we move this disambiguation page to Rowland Hill (disambiguation) and create a redirection from Rowland Hill to Rowland Hill (postal reformer). Andrew Oakley (talk) 14:57, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Despite me being the proposer, this is controversial to me, as I was born in Kidderminster (home to the postal reformer) but grew up in Shropshire (home to various Viscounts Hill, many notable military men). However a quick glance at Special:WhatLinksHere/Rowland_Hill reveals that the vast, vast majority of links are for the postal reformer. It is clear to me that the postal reformer is the Primary Topic as per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Therefore it is with heavy heart that I conclude that this page should be renamed Rowland Hill (disambiguation) and the vanilla name should redirect to the postal reformer. We should also add a hatnote to Rowland Hill (postal reformer) along the lines of "Rowland Hill redirects here. This page is about the postal reformer. For other people named Rowland Hill, see Rowland Hill (disambiguation)." Andrew Oakley (talk) 14:57, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * As a longtime member of WikiProject Philately I'm happy to support this move but more so because it really is the primary topic. ww2censor (talk) 09:41, 10 July 2013 (UTC)
 * No opposition. Right, hold on to your hats, let's see if I can not mess this up. Andrew Oakley (talk) 11:58, 17 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Done. I *think* I've covered everything, the redirect, moved the talk pages too, added talk page notes pointing to this discussion, but in case I haven't, please add a comment below before changing it again. Thanks. Andrew Oakley (talk) 12:10, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Rowland Hill (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Joeadk

Hornsby vs. Kent
Jeff Kent has played other positions over the years. Is it for sure, that he has hit 300 as a second baseman? Wahkeenah 15:34, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Good point. In fact, according to the Baseball Almanac, soon-to-be-inducted Hall of Famer Ryne Sandberg is the all-time leader for second basemen, at 277; he also hit 5 at shortstop. In fact, when I read that, I recalled vaguely that the subject came up late in his career, i.e. that he had passed Hornsby or whoever for the second base record. I'm assuming that record is through last year. Check it out: Having said all this, my own opinion is that home runs "by position" is an ersatz record. I could not find anything in The Sporting News record book about it. And do you throw all outfielders together, or do you break it down by position? It's artificial, to my way of thinking. It's a guideline to productivity at a position, but it's not a "record" in the normal sense. In any case, that bogus "fact" about him being the only second baseman with 300 homers should either be removed from the Hornsby page altogether, or else qualified in some way. Wahkeenah 16:15, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

I found one website that asserted Kent had passed Sandberg's 277 late last season. I also found a website, contradicting these, that said Hornsby had hit 286 as a second baseman. Maybe this needs further research... however, I found no websites initially that claimed Hornsby hit at least 300 as a second baseman, so I think you could remove that reference, with an explanatory comment. Wahkeenah 16:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

What's the link for that website? In any case, I'll take away that stat from the Hornsby page, unless you beat me to it. FYI, the way Bret Boone is [not] hitting for the Twins, he's going to be hard pressed to add to his totals. Wahkeenah 17:21, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joeadk


text:
Camille Maurane

Camille Maurane (November 29, 1911 – January 21, 2010), born Camille Moreau, was a French baryton-martin singer. His father was a music teacher and he started singing as a child in the Maîtrise Saint-Evode in Rouen. The sudden death of his mother and family upheaval meant a break of twelve years in regular singing.

He studied at the Paris Conservatoire in the class of Claire Croiza from 1936 to 1939. He began his professional career as a singer in 1940 at the Opéra-Comique in Paris. After his debut as the Moine musicien in Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame on 14 January 1940, he went to create the following roles at the Opéra-Comique: He also sang in The Barber of Seville, La Basoche, Carmen, Lakmé, Louise, Madame Bovary, Madame Butterfly, Werther, Pelléas et Mélisande and oratorios like La Chanson du mal-aimé. He was occasionally billed under the name Moreau.
 * the captain (Nèle Dooryn, 1940)
 * Doria (Ginevra, 1942)
 * a man, a peasant (Mon Oncle Benjamin, 1942)
 * a young man (Le Oui des Jeunes Filles, 1949).
 * Un Soldat (Dolorès, 1952)

His voice was typical of the baryton-martin range (between baritone and tenor). He is famous for his interpretation of Debussy's Pelléas, for which he took part in three complete recordings of Pelléas et Mélisande. He is also regarded as one of the best interpreters of French mélodies, of which he left many recordings, since reissued on CD, and of Fauré's Requiem. His repertoire extended back to music of Rameau through to Arthur Honegger, Léo Ferré and other contemporaries.

A dedicated teacher, he taught at the Paris Conservatory until 1981.

title: Camille Maurane


text:
Embassy of France, Ottawa

The Embassy of France in Ottawa is the diplomatic mission of France to Canada, located at 42 Sussex Drive in the New Edinburgh neighbourhood of Ottawa.

History
The French diplomatic mission in Canada was founded in 1928 and was originally based in the Victoria Building with the first representative being Jean Knight. Knight began looking for a suitable location to house the mission and settled on the area bordering the Ottawa River near Rockcliffe Park. Unfortunately there were no buildings in the area for sale. In 1930, Knight proposed the purchase of the Blackburn property, located at 62 Sussex Drive. The property was a prized piece of land overlooking the Rideau Falls that was not far from the residence of the Governor General and, at the time, connected to the city centre by a tram. After lengthy negotiations with the owner, the property was purchased from Arthur Blackburn on 31 December 1931. The legation was then based in the Blackburn mansion.

Construction on the new mission building began on the property in 1936 with the first stone being laid by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King on Bastille Day. In January 1938, while construction was in process, France purchased the next door Lemay property, sensibly enlarging the property. At the same time, France acquired, for one symbolic dollar, a narrow strip of land along the Ottawa River, belonging to the Ontario provincial government. The Ottawa River thus became the limits of the property. Both the Blackburn and Lemay houses were demolished during construction. On 4 January 1939, the mission was opened in the presence of seven hundred people, including the Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Prime Minister Mackenzie King.

The French envoy René Ristelhueber, appointed in early 1940, acknowledged the Vichy regime as did the Canadian government. In 1942, Canada switched and expelled the Vichy diplomats and the facilities were turned over to the Free French Forces and Colonel Philippe Pierrené was recognized as the French envoy. The French upgraded the mission to a full embassy following World War II.

Building

Inaugurated in 1939, this diplomatic mission was designed by French architect Eugène Beaudouin in the Art Deco style. Housing both the residence of the ambassador and embassy services, the building of grey granite is three stories and is organized around the Great Hall. The main room features furniture and decorations also in an Art Deco style, including Marcel Gromaire tapestries representing the four seasons: the Canadian winter, the Parisian spring, summer in Saint-Malo and fall in Quebec. A massive pink marble staircase provides access to the second story and leads to the gallery overlooking the Great Hall and reception rooms.

The rooms display decorations that highlight the ties of friendship which exists between the France and Canada, like the bas-relief of the gallery that represents the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in honour of Canadian soldiers during the First World War and the office walls ambassadors engraved by Charles-Émile Pinson on the subject of the discovery of Canada by the Vikings. The materials that were used to build the embassy come from both Canada (wooden doors and door frames, and the grey granite from Quebec for exterior walls) and France (Saint-Quentin travertine for walls of the hall, and the pink marble from Burgundy for the staircase).

The dining room is decorated with a 120 square metre mural named La France, by painter Alfred Courmes. The decoration of the bronze doors of the living room was done by Robert Cami. The embassy is also decorated with sculptures by Leygue Louis and Jean Prouvé.

Diplomatic Relations
Canada and France enjoy a deep and enduring relationship, one born of a shared history and a common language and anchored by shared values. Official diplomatic relations between France and Canada were established on December 4, 1928.

France and Canada are major allies on the international stage. Both countries are members of the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the G7, the G20 and the Francophonie.

The 2 countries share a common vision of international relations and therefore collaborate closely on foreign policy matters, including remaining committed to multilateralism, finding constructive solutions to challenges to international security, protecting the environment, and promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality, good governance and development.

Since 2014, the strong ties linking France and Canada have been manifest in the significant number of high-level political meetings between the two allies. Canadian prime ministers and French presidents have met no less than 8 times to commemorate the countries’ common significant historical events (the 75th anniversary of the Normandy landings, or the Armistice Day centenary), or within the context of large diplomatic gatherings (G7 Christchurch Call to Action).

France and Canada are also geographic neighbors: the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon is located just off the coast of Newfoundland. In 1994, the countries signed an agreement governing fisheries and regional cooperation with Canada’s 4 Atlantic provinces.

Consulates
France has 5 consulates general in Canada, each one assisted by honorary consuls. The consulates are:

 * Consulate General in Moncton (New Brunswick)
 * Honorary consul in Halifax (Nova Scotia)
 * Honorary consul in Saint John (New Brunswick)
 * Honorary consul in St. John's (Newfoundland and Labrador)
 * Consulate General in Montreal (Quebec)
 * Honorary consul in Rouyn-Noranda (Abitibi-Témiscamingue)
 * Honorary consul in Sherbrooke (Estrie)
 * Consulate General in Quebec City (Quebec)
 * Honorary consul in Chicoutimi (Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean)
 * Honorary consul in Chandler (Gaspésie)
 * Consulate General in Toronto (Ontario)
 * Honorary consul in Sudbury (Northern Ontario), (Jean-Charles Cachon, 2002-)
 * Honorary consul in Winnipeg (Manitoba), (Bruno Burnichon 2010-2018; Jean-Eric Ghia 2018-)
 * Consulate General in Vancouver (British Columbia)
 * Honorary consul in Calgary (Alberta)
 * Honorary consul in Edmonton (Alberta)
 * Honorary consul in Saskatoon (Saskatchewan)
 * Honorary consul in Victoria (British Columbia)
 * Honorary consul in Whitehorse (Yukon)

French Nationals in Canada
There are an estimated 150,000 French expatriates in Canada, 60% of whom have settled in the Montreal area. As of August 31, 2022, the 110,002 registered French citizens were spread out among the 5 consular districts as follows: Montreal: 65,231 • Quebec City: 17,500 • Toronto: 14,715 • Vancouver: 11,438 • Moncton-Halifax: 1,118.

title: Embassy of France, Ottawa