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Formation reconnaissance regiment

The Formation Reconnaissance Regiment (Fmn Recce) is a fighting unit provided by the Royal Armoured Corps or Household Cavalry.

Formation reconnaissance regiments are intended to provide Armoured Reconnaissance for a higher-level formation, usually a division or a heavy brigade. In a large-scale defensive operation, they would delay attacking forces, whilst screening heavier units as they moved to engage the enemy.

History
During the early 1980s, there were four "Type A" armoured reconnaissance regiments as part of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), known as Divisional Reconnaissance Regiments. Each had three Sabre Squadrons; two Medium Reconnaissance Squadrons comprising four troops of 4 x Scorpions together with a Surveillance Troop of 5 x Spartan equipped with ZB298 radar, plus a Close Reconnaissance squadron of five troops of 8 x Scimitars (one for each battlegroup in the division). There were a further four "Type B" regiments based in the United Kingdom, earmarked for the reinforcement of BAOR; these had two medium reconnaissance squadrons, of Scimitars and Scorpions, and a close reconnaissance squadron equipped with Fox armoured cars. Finally, four Yeomanry regiments of the Territorial Army were intended for home defence; these had four reconnaissance squadrons of Foxes, with a small number of Ferret armoured cars.

By 1986, two regular regiments were permanently stationed in Germany, and titled as Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (Tracked) (BAOR); these had four medium reconnaissance squadrons with Scimitars, each also having an integral guided-weapons troop of Strikers. Each of these would operate with one of BAORs armoured divisions. The third armoured division had its reconnaissance regiment based in England, equipped as a Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (Tracked) (UK); this formation had three medium reconnaissance squadrons of Scimitars and Scorpions, and a fourth guided-weapons squadron of Strikers. A fourth regiment was also equipped to this standard, and based in the UK to support NATO mobile forces. There was a third organisation for regular forces, the Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (UK), which had two tracked reconnaissance squadrons of Scorpions and one wheeled reconnaissance squadron of Foxes. In the Territorial Army, there were two organisations, two Yeomanry Reconnaissance Regiment (BAOR) and three Yeomanry Reconnaissance Regiment (UK). The former were equipped with three or four reconnaissance squadrons of Foxes, and intended for reinforcing units based in West Germany; the latter had three or four reconnaissance squadrons of unarmoured civilian Land Rovers, and were intended solely for home defence.

The 1993 Options for Change review cut the number of regular armoured reconnaissance regiments to two, with a third being created in 1995 by converting the Royal Armoured Corps training regiment. At this point, the regiments were quoted as a combat strength of 48 Scimitars and 12 Strikers; this is comparable to the current regimental structure, but for a four-squadron regiment.

A fourth was created in the 1998 Strategic Defence Review by converting a conventional armoured regiment to the reconnaissance role. The 1998 conversion, however, saw the regiments reduced to three squadrons rather than four, with a single Yeomanry regiment for peacetime reinforcement, with the effect that the total number of operational squadrons remained the same.

The force was increased to five regiments by the 2003 Defence White Paper, again by re-roling an armoured regiment; it is about this time that the designation Formation Reconnaissance Regiment appeared.

Five regular army regiments were equipped for the formation reconnaissance role: The Queen's Own Yeomanry was the only Territorial Army unit that served in the Formation Reconnaissance role.
 * Household Cavalry Regiment
 * 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards
 * Light Dragoons
 * 9th/12th Royal Lancers
 * Queen's Royal Lancers

Current
Under Army 2020, the previous five formation reconnaissance regiments were reduced to three with 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards and the Light Dragoons being re-roled into the 'light cavalry' along with the Queen's Own Yeomanry:
 * Household Cavalry Regiment
 * The Royal Lancers - formed 2 May 2015 by the amalgamation of the 9th/12th Royal Lancers and the Queen's Royal Lancers
 * The Royal Dragoon Guards

Organisation (1990s-2000s)
For the late 1990s to early 2000s: A regiment was organised into four reconnaissance squadrons, each with three reconnaissance troops of four Scimitars and a guided weapons troop of four Strikers. The squadrons also had a support troop with four Spartan APCs, a Mechanical Engineer section with a Spartan and a Samson recovery vehicle and a Squadron Headquarters troop with two Land Rover 110 medium utility trucks, two Sultan command vehicles and a Samaritan ambulance. The main combat strength was thus 16 Strikers and 48 Scimitars. Reconnaissance Squadron composition
 * Squadron Headquarters Troop
 * Two Land Rovers, Two FV105 Sultan command vehicles and FV104 Samaritan armoured ambulance
 * Three Reconnaissance Troops
 * Four FV107 Scimitars
 * Guided Weapons Troop
 * Four FV102 Striker anti-tank guided missile vehicles
 * Support Troop
 * Four FV103 Spartan armoured personnel carriers
 * Mechanical Engineer Section
 * FV103 Spartan and FV106 Samson armoured recovery vehicle

In addition to these three squadrons, a regiment also contained a Regimental Headquarters squadron, with six Sultans, a Spartan, a Samaritan and two medium utility trucks, and a Light Aid Detachment of the REME with a Sultan, a Samson, a Spartan and a Foden recovery vehicle.

In wartime, a regiment would have been increased to four reconnaissance squadrons by the activation of reserve personnel and Territorial Army Yeomanry units.

The CVR(T) family of vehicles are now out of service, and have been replaced by the Warrior and Ajax armoured fighting vehicles.

title: Formation reconnaissance regiment


text:
Nora Prentiss

Nora Prentiss is a 1947 American film noir directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Ann Sheridan, Kent Smith, Bruce Bennett, and Robert Alda. It was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The cinematography is by James Wong Howe and the music was composed by Franz Waxman. The film's sets were designed by the art director Anton Grot.

Plot
Dr. Richard Talbot, unhappy with the dull routine of his married life in San Francisco, meets nightclub singer Nora Prentiss by chance after he sees her get struck by a truck near his office. The two gradually begin to have an affair, causing disruption in Richard's home and professional lives. He tries to cool things down with Nora after he forgets his daughter's birthday, but, when Nora says she wants to break things off entirely and he is so shaken that he almost kills a patient during surgery, he realizes he is not willing to lose her. Not knowing how to ask his wife for a divorce, he seizes an opportunity to fake his death when a patient who looks somewhat like him and who he knows does not have any family or friends dies in his office. He puts his wedding ring on the corpse, puts the body in his car, and sets the car on fire and pushes it off a cliff before moving with Nora to New York with a large sum of money he has withdrawn from the bank. Shortly after arriving, Richard learns that the circumstances surrounding his death are under investigation.

Richard does not tell Nora what he has done until it becomes clear that she is not buying his fake explanations for why he is living under an alias and never wants to leave their hotel. Even though the truth means they will not be able to get married and that Richard will not be able to practice medicine any more, Nora says she will stick by him and starts singing at the new club her boss from San Francisco has opened in New York. Left alone while she rehearses, Richard begins to drink heavily and becomes increasingly jealous. While fleeing the scene after a fight with Nora's boss, he crashes his car and his face is badly cut and burned. The police, not realizing who the injured man is, arrest Richard as a suspect in the murder of Dr. Talbot when his fingerprints are found to be a match with some found at the crime scene.

Back in San Francisco, Richard refuses to reveal his identity or speak in his defense, since he feels that doing so will only serve to cause his family more suffering because he has already ruined any chance he may have had at a tolerable future. He convinces Nora to help him keep his secret so that he can be convicted and executed for his own murder.

Cast

 * Ann Sheridan as Nora Prentiss
 * Kent Smith as Dr. Richard Talbot
 * Bruce Bennett as Dr. Joel Merriam, Richard's business partner
 * Robert Alda as Phil Dinardo, a nightclub owner
 * Rosemary DeCamp as Lucy Talbot, Richard's wife
 * John Ridgely as Walter Bailey, a patient who dies in Richard's office
 * Robert Arthur as Gregory Talbot, Richard's son
 * Wanda Hendrix as Bonita 'Bunny' Talbot, Richard's daughter
 * Helen Brown as Miss Judson, Richard and Joel's nurse
 * Rory Mallinson as Fleming, Richard's lawyer
 * Henry Shannon as Police Lieutenant
 * James Flavin as District Attorney
 * Douglas Kennedy as Doctor
 * Don McGuire as Truck Driver
 * Clifton Young as Policeman

Box office
According to records at Warner Bros., the film earned $2,229,000 in the U.S. and $1,095,000 in other markets.

Critical response
When the film was released, the staff at Variety gave the film an unfavorable review:"Nora Prentiss is an overlong melodrama, a story of romance between a married man and a girl. But it's never quite believable. Ann Sheridan makes much of her role but the production has unsympathetic slant for leads and a lack of smoothness...Sheridan is the singer, and has two tunes to warble. As the doctor, Kent Smith is okay dramatically in a part that doesn't hold much water. Bruce Bennett, co-starred, has little to do as a medico friend of Smith."

The New York Times recapped its plot and continued, "the playing of the story is every bit as ridiculous as its sounds. Miss Sheridan is practically a cipher and Kent Smith, who plays the poor doc, gives a walking representation of a love-smitten telephone pole. Nobody else really figures. This is major picture-making at its worst."

Noir analysis
Critics call the movie one of the best "woman's noir." Film historian Bob Porfirio notes, "Unlike such other Ann Sheridan or Joan Crawford motion pictures as The Unfaithful, Flamingo Road, and The Damned Don't Cry!, Nora Prentiss does not lapse into a romantic melodrama that might detract from the maudit sensibility, the quintessential element of film noir."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nora Prentiss


text:
Nechtan mac Der-Ilei

Naiton son of Der-Ilei (Nechtan mac Derilei; died 732), also called Naiton son of Dargart (Nechtan mac Dargarto), was king of the Picts between 706–724 and between 728–729. He succeeded his brother Bridei IV in 706. He is associated with significant religious reforms in Pictland. He abdicated in 724 in favour of his nephew and became a monk. In 728 and 729 he fought in a four-sided war for the Pictish throne.

Background
It has been argued that Nechtan son of Derile should be identified with the Nechtan son of Dargart mentioned in the Annals of Ulster in 710. Dargart is taken to be the Dargart mac Finguine who died in 686, a member of the Cenél Comgaill kindred of Dál Riata. On this basis, and because Bede mentions that the Picts allowed for matrilineal succession in exceptional cases, it is thought that Der-Ilei (Bridei III) was Nechtan's mother.

Other brothers and half-brothers of Nechtan and Bridei would include Ciniod or Cináed, killed in 713; Talorcan son of Drestan, a half-brother or foster-brother and king of Atholl, held captive by Nechtan in the same year and executed by drowning in 739, and perhaps Congas son of Dar Gart who died in 712. A number of later figures, including the Talorgan son of Congus, defeated in 731 and likewise drowned in 734, and his unnamed brother, may be associated with Nechtan's family.

Bede claimed that relations between the Picts and Northumbria were peaceful in his time. However, the Annals of Ulster for 711 report a Pictish defeat at Northumbrian hands, "in Mag Manonn", presumably in the area around Stirling where the kingdom of Manau had once been, where Finnguine son of Deile Roith was killed. Nothing more is known of Finnguine, but as he bore Nechtan's paternal grandfather's name, it may be that he was a kinsman of the Pictish king.

Religious reforms
Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People includes a letter from Abbot Ceolfrid of the twin monasteries of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow to Nechtan on the subject of the dating of Easter, sent around 710. Ceolfrid assumes his correspondent is an educated man, going some way to justifying Thomas Owen Clancy's description of Nechtan as a philosopher king. Nechtan was convinced by Ceolfrid, and the expulsion of clergy associated with Iona in 717 may be related to the controversy over Easter and the manner of tonsures; however, it is equally likely to have been entirely unrelated. Often portrayed as a struggle between the so-called Celtic Church and Rome, it is evident that the majority of Irish clerics had long accepted the Roman method of calculating the date of Easter.

As well as providing Nechtan with guidance on the Easter controversy, Ceolfrid sent masons and craftsmen to aid in building stone churches. Bede's claim that Nechtan dedicated his kingdom to Saint Peter has led to Nechtan being linked to the Peterkirks at Rosemarkie, Duffus, Restenneth and elsewhere in north-east Scotland.

Abdication and return
Two sons of Nechtan are thought to have died in 710, and it is not known whether he had any surviving sons or daughters. The Annals of Tigernach note, in 724, that Nechtan entered a monastery, leaving the throne to Drest. Although the identification must be uncertain, it is assumed that this Drest is the son of Nechtan's half-brother.

King Drest VII may not have had a secure hold on power. One Simul son of Drest, perhaps yet another sibling of Nechtan, was imprisoned by Drest in 725. In the same year, Brec of Fortriu died. He is assumed from the context to be the bishop of Fortriu, almost certainly appointed by Nechtan and the earliest known bishop in Pictland. In 726, Drest had Nechtan imprisoned. This may have involved no more than removing the former king from one monastery, where he had friends and influence, to another where Drest's partisans were in control.

In 728, Óengus son of Fergus defeated the shadowy Alpín. It seems likely that at this time, if not earlier, Nechtan had left the monastic life and was warring with Drest and Alpín. After Alpín was defeated a second time, the Annals of Tigernach say that Nechtan III was restored to the kingship. A battle between Óengus's army and Nechtan's enemies at Monith Carno (perhaps Cairn o' Mount, near Fettercairn) ended with the defeat of Nechtan's enemies, among whom are named Biceot son of Moneit, Finguine son of Drostan and Feroth son of Finguine.

After being restored to power, Nechtan reigned until 732. He was succeeded by Óengus.

Legacy

It has been suggested that the St Andrews Sarcophagus was commissioned by Óengus to hold Nechtan's remains, although it is more generally supposed that the sarcophagus was for Óengus himself. Nechtan's attachment to Saint Peter may have led later chroniclers, writing in a period when Saint Andrew was of far greater importance, to have emphasised ninth century kings who had supported the cult of Saint Andrew.

A number of later traditions associating earlier Pictish kings named Nechtan with the monastic foundation at Abernethy may have confused them with this Nechtan.

Nechtan's ecclesiastical reforms are seen as having led to closer links between Pictland and Northumbria, with notable results in artistic forms. His expulsion of Ionan clerics, rather than being a submission to Rome and Northumbria, probably marks the coming of age of an independent Pictish church, which nonetheless remained close to Iona and to Ireland. In addition, it speaks to a very considerable degree of royal control over the church in Pictland, which appears to have been contentious in the ninth century.

title: Nechtan mac Der-Ilei


text:
Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch

The Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch is the mounted police branch of London's Metropolitan Police. It is part of Met Operations.

History
The Bow Street Horse Patrol was formed in 1763, but ceased after eighteen months when funding ran out. Revived in 1805, it was attached to the new Metropolitan Police in 1836 and formally merged into it three years later via Chapter VI of that year's Metropolitan Police Act. Mounted patrols from the Metropolitan Police's stations continued, but the modern Mounted Branch was only formalised in 1918 by Percy Laurie, a retired British Army officer.

Operations
Figures released by the Met under a Freedom of Information Act request showed that the annual number of police horses in the MPS Mounted Branch Unit in calendar years 2009 to 2018 ranged from a low of 100 to a high of 116. As of 2016, the annual average cost incurred by the police force was £5,558 per horse, not including stabling, and there were 142 police officers qualified to ride. The total budget for the mounted unit was £9,969,736 in 2018. The police horses used are typically either half thoroughbred and half draft breed, or three-quarters thoroughbred and one-quarter draft breed.

The police horses are used for patrols of London's main parks; for ceremonial events; and for crowd control at events such as football matches. A 2014 RAND Europe/University of Oxford Centre for Criminology study found: "While mounted police in the UK are traditionally thought of as public-order policing resources, deployment data show that they spend between 60-70 per cent of their time in local area patrols, and 10-20 per cent of their time in public order work, with the remainder spent in activities such as ceremonial deployments." A typical daily patrol is 9-10 mi, but a police horse escort of the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery from its St John's Wood barracks to central London is 16 mi.

The Branch has eight stables: Hyde Park, Lewisham Police Station, Great Scotland Yard, Hammersmith, West Hampstead, Bow Road, Kings Cross, and Imber Court in East Molesey, Surrey. The horses are trained at the latter site.

The City of London Police, which is separate from the Met Police, also maintains a mounted unit.

title: Metropolitan Police Mounted Branch


text:
ZipZoomfly

ZipZoomfly was an internet retailer for computer parts and related products. Based in Newark, California, ZipZoomfly was founded in 1998 under the name and ownership of XtraPlus Corporation. The site relaunched in January 2000 as Googlegear, but after a dispute with Google in 2003, they relinquished the domain name and rebranded as ZipZoomfly.

Name change
A formal complaint by Google to an ICANN domain-name dispute resolution provider led to the company changing its name from Googlegear to ZipZoomFly in 2003. The domain  is now owned by Google, was redirected to a Google page that used to explain that Googlegear had never been associated with Google and provided a link to zipzoomfly.com, but it now it displays an HTTP 404 error.

Mascot
The original mascot of Googlegear was a smiling bean-shaped cartoon character as the first letter "O" in the name. Named GoogleGuy, the mascot was shown giving a thumbs-up sign with one of his two floating hands. The U.S. trademark filing describes GoogleGuy as an edible nut without a shell. Nevertheless, the website claimed that GoogleGuy was neither a bean nor a pancake, but a numeral "zero" from the virtual googol of products they carried.

Claims of fraud
Several customers accused ZipZoomFly of committing "rebate fraud" or promising good deals on technology once rebates are applied. Several reports indicated that the company failed to follow up on rebates, making false claims of refunding money lost through rebate fraud.

In January, 2011, the company's Better Business Bureau (BBB) accreditation was revoked due to failure to respond to one or more customer complaints filed with the BBB.

In November 2011, the company's BBB rating was again listed as their highest rating: A+.

Their web site was marked "closed for maintenance" beginning in September, 2011.

In January 2012, the website was updated to read: "Dear ZipZoomFly shoppers, We apologize for the inconvenience. Please come back later.

Thank you - NM80" In May 2012 the website went offline permanently.

title: ZipZoomfly


text:
Colic weed

Colic weed is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 * Aletris spp.
 * Corydalis flavula, native to the eastern United States
 * Dicentra spp.

title: Colic weed


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/USS LIBERTY

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect to USS Liberty incident -- Francs2000 | Talk 02:42, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

USS LIBERTY
keep it (unsigned vote, possibly by 70.104.132.28 considering this is his/her only contribution and it was done so anonymously)  ETA: Yup, definitely was that IP address. Thorns Among Our Leaves 01:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete it! The attack on USS Liberty deserves an article which it has got (USS Liberty incident), but right now it's this is only a collection of quotes. Really, really substandard and redundant .--itpastorn 20:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete it. Clearly partisan as well as redundant. Bozoid 21:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete or Redirect. Why does wikipedia need to have case sensitive titles? What is gained by this? jucifer 06:30, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, POV fork, Wikiquote material at best. - Mustafaa 23:39, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to USS Liberty (AGTR-5) Capitalistroadster 00:15, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also, please sign your votes. Thorns Among Our Leaves 01:23, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * did anyone consider transwiki to Wikiquote? Since it is a bunch of quotes... Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 03:44, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect USS Liberty (AGTR-5) --LouieS 15:56, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect USS Liberty incident --JIPrugh 15:00, 30 July 2005 (PST) I agree that this information should be redirected, but to the article on the USS Liberty incident. These quotes should not be deleted since they are very relevant to the controversy over whether or not the attack on the Liberty was accidental or not.
 * Merge quotes into the controversy section of USS Liberty incident and then redirect this page to USS Liberty (AGTR-5). The quotes are worth preserving (assuming they are validated) in the article on the incident.  The page title itself is more relevant to the ship and therefore should redirect there. Tobycat 05:51, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Air Support Unit (Metropolitan Police)

The Air Support Unit (ASU) was a Central Operations branch of London's Metropolitan Police Service. The main responsibility of the unit was to provide aerial reconnaissance and other air support operations. Helicopters are particularly useful in aiding searches for missing persons, car pursuits, suspect capture and large public order operations such as football matches. The ASU also supported other emergency services, including the London Fire Brigade, London Ambulance Service and Marine Coastguard. On 31 March 2015, the National Police Air Service took over providing air support to the Metropolitan Police Service (along with all other police forces in England and Wales). This resulted in the closure of the Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit.

The Metropolitan Police Service has also reportedly been secretly using Cessna aircraft for a number of years that have been fitted with surveillance equipment capable of intercepting mobile phone calls and listening in on conversations.

Formed in 1980, the unit was based at Lippitts Hill, Essex and had 48 personnel comprising 3 sergeants, 18 constables, 4 aircraft engineers, 1 avionics engineer, 11 pilots and was headed by an inspector. The unit also employed other members of staff, including operations room staff and an intelligence officer. The senior management were based at Wapping police station. All pilots were ex-military Royal Navy but also Army Air Corps. Each aircraft was crewed by a pilot with two officers acting as observers, and averaged over 260 flying hours per month.

In 1980, the ASU started with Bell 222A helicopters and in 1993 transitioned to Eurocopter AS355N Squirrel helicopters.

In July 2007, the ASU took delivery of three new Eurocopter EC145s costing a total of £15million, using the call signs India 97, India 98 and India 99. Each aircraft has an L-3 Wescam MX-15 sensor pod which houses a gyro-stabilised colour "day" camera and a thermal imaging camera with digital video downlink from the helicopter.

In February 2015, it was announced that the control of the Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit was to be transferred to the National Police Air Service (NPAS) on 31 March, and that the base at Lippitts Hill would close in the following year. A projected new base at Elstree was intended to serve Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, and Essex as well as London. However, by February 2017, a replacement for the Lippitts Hill base had not been procured, and the possibility of using RAF Northolt instead was being investigated.

On 7 September 2017 it was provisionally agreed by Epping Forest District Council to allow the unit to operate three helicopters and one fixed wing aircraft from North Weald Airfield in Essex, with a 25-year lease. However, in 2021 NPAS re-established a base at Lippett's Hill at the request of the Met

title: Air Support Unit (Metropolitan Police)


text:
Xiong Guangkai

Xiong Guangkai (born 15 March 1939) is a retired Chinese general.

Biography
Xiong was born in Shanghai on 15 March 1939, while his ancestral home in Nanchang, Jiangxi. He joined the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1956 and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1959. Xiong was Deputy Director (1984–88) and later Director (1988–92) of the Intelligence Bureau of the PLA General Staff Department, Assistant (1992–96) and later Deputy Chief-of Staff (1996–2005). In 1988 he was conferred the rank of Major General, in 1994 Lieutenant General and in 2000 General.

Xiong also served on the Central Leading Group on Taiwan, He was an alternate member of the 14th, 15th and 16th Central Committees and is currently an adjunct professor at Qinghua and Beijing Universities and Chairman of the China Institute for International Strategic Studies (CIISS), where he succeeded Xu Xin.

In 1995, General Xiong was widely but incorrectly quoted as threatening to use nuclear weapons against Los Angeles. The person to whom he was alleged to have said this, Chas Freeman, denies it.

On China-Pakistan Relations
When confronted about Beijing's uncompromising support for Pakistan, Xiong Guangkai famously said, "Pakistan is China's Israel." Andrew Small, the author of The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics, characterizes this remark as "part explanation, part sarcastic jibe, delivered by (China's) military intelligence chief after one too many meetings with US counterparts on the subject."

title: Xiong Guangkai


text:
Talk:Etiology

Vandalism?
There is a line that seems to have been added, removed and added again to the Mythology section that seems to be a bit of vandalism.

"Secular cults anthropomorphize chance through the Evolution myth, asserting that Chance can cause origins. Their myths of the origin of the universe and the origin of life as a function of a substantial quality, Chance, have been adopted by modern thought and are evidence of the persistence of the myth phenomena." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.142.144 (talk) 03:46, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Use of the word
Should 'aetiology' be used to describe the causes of events that are unrelated to the world of psychology or medicine? eg. "The purpose of this part of the report is to explore both the environmental impacts of transport, and as far as is possible, the aetiology of these impacts."

Referring to 'biblical etiology' and giving the Flood as a 'mythic' example is certainly an example of this page's bias. Seeing that the scientific evidence is there for its occurrence, as well as there being the historical record, to label the Flood as myth, is to highlight a prejudice against the Biblical record. Rather steer clear of this sort of personal belief in definitons.

 * One man's myth is another man's religion. Get over it. Furthermore, not only is the term "myth" not pejorative, but in this article, the term "myth" is used only when referring to ancient pagan theologies (albeit ones that were rehashed for Judeo-Christian stories.) Thus, if anything, it's POV against pagan religions, not whichever religion you seem to have a bias for. 66.229.182.113 02:07, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This is an excellent example of the LCD aspect of the Wikipedia knowledge acquisition mechanism. In this case, it is in regard to usage of aetiology from Mythology OED reference 1a while disregarding 2a. And so, the LCD is toward the motivation of the poster population, which is decidedly different from the population in general (as a possible LCD). The discussion of aetiology is quite thin on effects based reasoning or other epistemic aspects.

Connotations?
There's a discussion on the "homosexuality" page over the usage of "etiology" in the title of a section on biological causal factors. Apparently that usage is insulting because it implies that homosexuality is a disease, but I've always though the term was used (as in the introduction to this page) as the study of how anything can come about, not just unfavorable things. Any thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zickx009 (talk • contribs) 05:07, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Choice of phrasing for Pyramus and Thisbe
"Stained red from their forbidden love" is an interesting euphemism for "stained red from the fountain of gushing blood from their double suicide." Also, the berries start out white, not black. Actually, considering that there are two mistakes, I think I'll go ahead and change this myself. 150.135.210.85 (talk) 06:11, 10 December 2015 (UTC)

Medicine
Under the heading of 'Medicine', the paragraph begins "The following are examples of intrinsic factors:"

However, there seems to be no explanation of why we are being given examples only of intrinsic factors which might cause disesase, as opposed to examples of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Nor any explanation for the layman of what the words intrinsic and extrinsic mean in this context, nor of the fact that this is a common classification of causes of disease.

I could change this myself but I am not medically qualified, so if this is incorrect, perhaps someone would let me know. Otherwise I will come back here and add some further explanation.Buyani Nyoni (talk) 19:16, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Etiology


text:
User talk:Abdulally

'''

About Singida:
''' Singida is one of the poorest region in Tanzania. It is almost in the center of the country. Singida is itself a region a district and a town. The region of Singida comprises of four districts; Singida municipal district, singida rural district, Iramba district and Manyoni district. In Singida town (i.e. Singida municipal ditrict) and Singida Rural District the main tribe are Turu people who live there the town has also other immigratants from different part of Tanzania. Iramba district belongs to Nyiramba tribe and Manyani district belongs to Gogo tribe and few of Turu tribes.

Image copyright problem with Image:Abdultz.jpg
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Thanks for uploading Image:Singida.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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title: User talk:Abdulally


text:
Kyes Peak

Kyes Peak, which is also known as "Goblin Peak", is a mountain peak located in the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness in Washington, United States. Kyes Peak rises to over 7280 ft. Together with Columbia Peak and Monte Cristo Peak it forms a basin that contains Columbia Glacier and Blanca Lake. It is the highest summit in the Monte Cristo group of peaks.

Kyes Peak was once mapped as Goblin Peak, and in earlier times was known by miners and the United States Forest Service as Mount Michigan. The name Kyes comes from a member of the first climbing party, Commander James Ellsworth Kyes. Along with Reginald Bachelder, Kyes climbed the mountain on August 15, 1920. Both were members of the Everett Boy Scouts at the time.

It is uncommon for a Washington Cascades mountain to be named after a person who climbed it. The USGS agreed to posthumously rename the mountain in recognition for Kyes' sacrifice commanding a destroyer in the Battle of the Atlantic. An earlier ascent of the peak was probably made by Thomas Gerdine of the USGS in 1897.

Climate
Kyes Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Geology
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

title: Kyes Peak


text: User talk:70.35.186.95

title: User talk:70.35.186.95


text:
Uncompahgre Plateau

The Uncompahgre Plateau in western Colorado is a distinctive large uplift part of the Colorado Plateau. Uncompahgre is a Ute word that describes the water: "Dirty Water" or "Rocks that make Water Red".

The plateau, with an average elevation of 9500 ft, rises from the Colorado River 4600 ft to Horsefly Peak 10300 ft. It continues on about 90 mi southeast to the northwest margin of the San Juan Mountains. Its boundaries are the San Miguel and Dolores Rivers to the west, the Colorado River to the north and the Gunnison and Uncompahgre Rivers on the eastern side.

Large canyons such as Big Red, Tabeguache, Spring Creek, Roubideau, Escalante, Big Dominquez, and Unaweep are separated by generally flat mesas. The Plateau watersheds include four tributaries of the Colorado River: Dolores River, Gunnison River, San Miguel River and Uncompahgre River.

The Uncompahgre Plateau includes about 2290 sqmi in five counties: Delta, Mesa, Montrose, Ouray, and San Miguel.

The plateau is under the management of:
 * United States Forest Service Uncompahgre National Forest land 545907 acre  (37%)
 * Bureau of Land Management 545280 acre  (37%)
 * State of Colorado: Colorado State Land Board and Colorado Parks and Wildlife land 8689 acre  (<1%)
 * Private property, mostly in the Uncompahgre Valley, totals 365547 acre  (25%)

Geology
Located in Southwest Colorado, the Uncompahgre Plateau is a high domed upland rising from the Colorado River. When it was formed, strong forces in the crust of the Earth forced the land to lift up.

title: Uncompahgre Plateau


text:
Talk:Cru (Christian organization)/Archive 1

General Talk
Am I the only one who thinks that the timeline and statistics page are quite ugly and need wikifying? Also, this article reads like an advertisment, I'm not sure that it's as neutral as it could be. Lankiveil 04:08, July 17, 2005 (UTC).

Link Spam
This article has passed the spam event horizon. The idea of external links is to support the content of the article - links to one or two discussions in the media of the subject of the article are good, a list of links to every single chapter which has a Myspace page is definitely bad (Wikipedia is not a collection of links). It would be good if someone could take a scythe to the list of links on this article. Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] 18:00, 12 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Arbustoo has done a really great job with this! Lankiveil 07:12, 18 February 2006 (UTC).

Money magazine quote
The main article mentions that Money Magazine rated Campus Crusade for Christ the most efficient ministry. I did a web search on "money magazine" and "campus crusade for christ" and couldn't find the original article, or even a decent chunk of it, from scanning the first 50 results. The closest I came was one brief reference that said the rating was in the Nov 1996 issue. If someone has access to this issue and can verify the date and perhaps get more of the quote, that would make the article stronger. --Zippy 06:27, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * On further review, the quotes that I found on line claiming this appear to come from the Campus Crusade for Christ's press kit (that is, they are the identical very short quote, which would be surprising if they came from the original article and not from the press kit).

 * Given that the quote in this Wikipedia article doesn't include any context (most efficient in what way? compared how?) I am removing it from the article until someone can pull the original and enough context to make it meaningful. --Zippy 07:14, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The quote is a reference to the percentage of donated funds that goes to support actual ministry workers and activities, versus being used up in administration (marketing, accounting, etc.). CCC has one of the lowest overheads of any ministry or charity -- perhaps the lowest of any large ministry or charity organization -- due to very streamlined, efficient processes in handling donated funds.Gandalf2000 04:08, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Money Magazine listed Campus Crusade high on their list of charities, based on efficency, more than once. I have a copy of the article from thier December, 1993, issue. The article starts on page 128, and details about Campus Crusade (as first place) and the other top-five religious organizations listed that year appears on page 135. I cannot find that issue on line, but it is almost 15 years old now. Markww 11:45, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reference. Would you be willing to type in a quotation from this original article? I think that the context would make this claim much stronger. --Zippy 23:22, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

On page 134 of the December 1993 issue of Money magazine, in the section about Christian groups, the second sentence reads: "The most efficent religious group, Campus Crusade for Christ International, which spends an average of 84% of its income on programs, has long since moved from college out into the world." It then goes on to describe Campus Crusade's growing number of outreaches and staff members. (While this is a quote from a copyrighted source, I trust quoting this one sentence falls within the realm ot fair use.) Markww 00:42, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that would be fair use. Feel free to add it, thanks,--Gandalf2000 21:33, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for doing the research on this, Markww. --Zippy 07:04, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Statistics for "JESUS" translation
Someone has added "Originator, distributor, and translator of JESUS, the most widely translated film in history (more than 900 languages)". The 900 was originally 800. I cannot find any citations or reference for these figures, so I can't argue about their accuracy, but it seems a bit optimistic for me. Can someone help verify this? Lankiveil 13:16, 27 February 2006 (UTC).

http://www.jesusfilm.org/progress/translations.html has up-to-date statistics on the number of completed translations: 939 as of March 2. The work is proceeding at a rather quick pace, so the number is bound to change often. --GregViers 21:51, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A lot of those just look like dialects ("Standard Arabic" and "Standard Arabic with Egyptian Accent"?). Perhaps the article should say "900+ languages and dialects"? Lankiveil 05:16, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

General Update
So like a year ago this page really sucked and was disorganized and I tried to clean it up, later finding about a billion random links posted and complete chaos. Thanks to all who helped clean it up again. Before anyone throws up a huge slew of information/links or, in the opposite fashion, deletes a whole collection of information/links, it would do everyone well to explain what you're about to do so a huge battle doesn't erupt. This page has been flagged for quite some time now. This is one of the biggest Christian ministries in the world and thus will have many supporters and many critics so instead of pretending that views are always neutral on this ministry giant, let's try to be concise and somewhat academic in the presentation of information. For now it looks like it has calmed down a bit which is good. I tried to clean up the links section again...it bugs me when there are like 10 different formatting styles!!! Allright I'm done. Yarman March 19, 2006


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Zach Duke

Zachary Thomas Duke (born April 19, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Arizona Diamondbacks, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, Chicago White Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, Minnesota Twins, Seattle Mariners, and Cincinnati Reds.

Pittsburgh Pirates
Duke was drafted directly out of Midway High School in Waco, Texas, in the 20th round of the 2001 draft, and began his career the following year with the Pirates' rookie level Gulf Coast League team. He spent 2003 with the low-A Hickory Crawdads.

In 2004, Duke led all minor league pitchers with a 1.46 earned run average (24 earned runs in 148.1 innings pitched). He posted a 15–6 record in 26 combined starts between Class-A Lynchburg and Double-A Altoona, and his 15 wins tied for third-most among all minor league pitchers.

Following the 2004 season, Duke was named Pittsburgh's Minor League Pitcher-of-the-Year and earned Carolina League Pitcher-of-the-Year honors. He was selected by Baseball America as the sixth-best prospect in the Eastern League, and the best pitching prospect (fourth-best prospect overall) in the Carolina League. He was also recognized by the publication as having the best breaking pitch in the league.

Duke made his major league debut on July 2, 2005, against the Milwaukee Brewers, striking out nine and receiving a no-decision in the Pirates' 5–3 loss. His nine strikeouts were the most by a Pirate making his MLB debut since Tim Wakefield on July 31, 1992.

Duke's debut month in July 2005 included a 3–0 shutout victory against Greg Maddux and the Cubs on July 16 and 22 consecutive scoreless innings from July 2 to 21. He was named National League Rookie of the month for July while compiling a 0.87 ERA, the best among all starting pitchers in the Major Leagues. He became only the second Pittsburgh rookie to win his first five decisions, along with Whitey Glazner. Duke also became one of only four pitchers during the Live-ball era to record an ERA below 1.00 in their first six starts (the others being Fernando Valenzuela, Boo Ferriss, and Steve Rogers). Duke finished 2005 with an 8–2 record in 14 starts, striking out 58 in 84.2 innings. He finished in fifth place in the Rookie of the Year voting, garnering 10% of the vote.

Duke's first full season with the Pirates in 2006 was as the new team ace, anchoring a very young rotation with Ian Snell. Duke had a number of good starts in the first half of the season, but many of them were undone by the Pirates' weak bullpen and lack of run support for Duke. The second half of 2006 was a re-emergence of the Duke who had dazzled Pittsburgh with his stuff from the previous year, and, on a side note, it was the first time the Pirates had compiled a winning record for a half of a season since 1992. Duke recorded two complete game efforts, the only two that Pittsburgh had all season. His first was a shutout of the Chicago Cubs on May 2, but he only had two strikeouts and a walk. His better effort was on August 11 against the St. Louis Cardinals. While he scattered eight hits, Duke only allowed one run (which was earned), recorded no walks and seven strikeouts. Duke also threw 11 fewer pitches than his previous complete game effort, and recorded 14 ground-ball outs. Duke's final line for the 2006 season was 10–15 with a 4.47 ERA and 117 strikeouts against 68 walks. During the 2006 season, he led the National League in hits allowed, with 255, and his 15 losses were third-most in the league. Duke also became the first Pirates starter since Kris Benson in 2000 to throw more than 200 innings, with $215 1/3$ innings pitched.

In 2007, Duke finished 3–8 with an ERA of 5.53.

In 2008, Duke was 5–14 with an ERA of 4.82 and he gave up more doubles than any other pitcher in the majors, with 58, and more sacrifice hits, with 14. He gave up 230 hits, second-most in the National League, and his 14 losses were fourth-most in the league.

Duke was named to the 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, replacing the injured Matt Cain. He finished off 2009 with an 11–16 record, a 4.06 ERA, three complete games (third-most in the league), one shutout, 23 home runs given up, three hit batsmen, 231 hits (second-most in the league), 49 walks, 106 strikeouts, a .285 average against, 1.31 walks and hits per innings pitched, and 213 innings pitched. Duke's 16 losses in 2009 led the National League.

In 2010, Duke compiled a record of 8–15 with a 5.72 ERA, and a .321 batting average against. His 15 losses in 2010 were second in the National League.

Arizona Diamondbacks
On November 24, 2010, the Pittsburgh Pirates traded Duke to the Arizona Diamondbacks for a player to be named later, determined to be César Valdez.

On May 28, 2011, Duke was activated off the disabled list and made his first start with the Arizona Diamondbacks, replacing Micah Owings in the rotation. He also hit his first major league home run that day, a three-run home run off Bud Norris. Duke made nine starts in the rotation, going 2–4 with a 5.47 ERA, and opponents hitting .336/.368/.481 off him. On July 15, Duke was relocated to the bullpen, where he fared slightly better in a long-relief role, recording a 3.86 ERA in 25.2 innings, only striking out six while walking eight. Overall in 2011, Duke went 3–4 with a 4.91 ERA in 21 appearances. On October 31, 2011, he elected to become a free agent.

Houston Astros
Duke signed a minor league contract with the Houston Astros on January 27, 2012. He also received an invitation to spring training; however, he was released on March 27.

Washington Nationals
Duke signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals on March 29, 2012, playing for the Washington Nationals's AAA affiliate, the Syracuse Chiefs. He was called up to the majors on September 3 and appeared in eight games, pitching 13.2 innings with a 1.32 ERA.

On December 2, 2012, Duke re-signed with the Nationals on a one-year deal to serve as the team's long reliever. He was designated for assignment on June 4, 2013, after posting an 8.71 ERA for the team in $20 2/3$ innings. On June 10, 2013, Duke was released by Washington.

Cincinnati Reds
Duke signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds on June 13, 2013. He eventually was promoted to the big league club and recorded an 0.84 ERA in $10 2/3$ innings.

Milwaukee Brewers
Duke was signed as a free agent on January 15, 2014, and invited to spring training by the Milwaukee Brewers for 2014 and made the roster as a left-handed relief specialist. He recorded his first win of 2014 on April 20 against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Duke had emerged as a key member of the Brewers' bullpen, finding success against lefties and righties. As of July 21, his ERA was 1.16, and he had struck out 49 batters in $38 1/3$ innings pitched. Duke finished the year strongly, recording a 2.45 ERA with 74 strikeouts against only 17 walks in 58.2 innings, appearing in 74 games and notching 12 holds. He limited left-handed hitters to a .198 batting average. Duke became a free agent on October 30, 2014.

Chicago White Sox
Duke signed a three-year, $15 million contract with the Chicago White Sox on November 18, 2014.

St. Louis Cardinals
On July 21, 2016, the White Sox traded Duke to the St. Louis Cardinals for outfielder Charlie Tilson. On October 14, 2016, it was revealed that Duke underwent surgery to repair a forearm flexor muscle and UCL in his left arm, which was expected to sideline him for the entire 2017 season. However, on July 21, 2017, Duke completed a rehab assignment and returned to the Cardinals' active roster, making his first appearance since the surgery on July 21.

Minnesota Twins
Duke signed a one-year deal with the Minnesota Twins on December 26, 2017. In 45 appearances, Duke was 3–4 in $37 1/3$ innings.

Seattle Mariners
On July 30, 2018, Duke was traded to the Seattle Mariners for pitcher Chase De Jong and infielder Ryan Costello. Duke struggled after being acquired by Seattle, finishing with a 5.52 ERA in 27 appearances.

Return to the Reds
On February 11, 2019, Duke returned to the Reds on a one-year, $2 million deal.

On July 1, the Reds designated Duke for assignment. He was released on July 6, 2019.

Personal life
Duke was born in Clifton, Texas. He married Kristin Gross in Evansville, Indiana, in November 2007. They met when she was an emcee for the Indianapolis Indians. His best man was former Pirates closer Matt Capps. Duke and his wife reside in Gallatin, Tennessee.

title: Zach Duke


text: Category:Anime series

title: Category:Anime series


text:
User talk:Rodyx

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome!--Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 04:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * P.S. I always like seeing articles on Colorado. Makes me miss home --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 04:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Your Welcome
Pleased to do my part. I would have replied sooner, but I went to a wedding of one of my cousins and didn't have net access. Anyway, I lived in Colorado for years (Alamosa, Blanca, Ft Collins, Steamboat Springs, Denver/Commerce City, Colorado Springs, and Penrose), so keep 'em coming. :-D --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 05:15, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Image:US231.png listed for deletion
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Image:US431.png listed for deletion
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Silverton photo
i notice that the nice photo of Silverton that you uploaded AWB, File:Silverton from 550.jpg, needs to have its license updated. Could you do that? I'd hate to see it get deleted. Thanks, Pete Tillman (talk) 22:57, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Nomination of Wright's Opera House for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Wright's Opera House is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:Rodyx


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jordan Acker

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 03:11, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Jordan_Acker
Vanity and/or mockery

;Bear 16:53, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Flowerparty 17:47, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no claim to notability, vanity -Harmil 18:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - NN JoJan 18:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; nn, vanity. Jaxl 19:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. — Stevey7788 (talk) 21:26, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn intern vanity. --Etacar11 00:44, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 08:01, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
South Hills

South Hills can refer to several places including:

 * South Africa:
 * South Hills, Gauteng, a city

 * United States
 * South Hills (California), a small mountain range in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States
 * South Hills, Kentucky, since annexed by nearby Fort Wright
 * South Hills (Montana) a neighborhood in the city of Missoula.
 * South Hills (Pennsylvania), the collective name for the southern suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
 * South Hills Village, a neighborhood
 * South Hills Mall, a former indoor shopping mall soon to become an outdoor strip center in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, United States

title: South Hills


text:
Southfork

Southfork may refer to:
 * Southfork, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
 * Southfork Ranch, Texas where the Dallas television series was filmed

title: Southfork


text:
Talk:Jade Emperor

Trial Length
There seems to be some discrepancy regarding the amount and length of the trials the Jade Emperor faces between the Origin of the Jade Emperor section and the Jade Emperor vanquishing Evil section. Were there 1,750 trials, each lasting 120,976 years, or 3,200 trials each lasting 3 million years? Pnkrockr 18:55, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

It should be, because Yuk Wong is just the Cantonese pronounciation of Yu Huang (Mandarin).

are they the same?
I don't think so.

They are the same. Yuk Wong (Cantonese) is the same as Yu Huang (Mandarin)

Translations
Are these really good glosses for the characters given?

 * Grandpa Heaven (天公 Tiān Gōng) ... the Pure August Jade Emperor or August Personage of Jade (玉皇上帝 Yu Huang Shangdi or 玉皇大帝 Yu Huang Dadi)

天公: looks like "Duke of Heaven", but I can see where "grandpa" might be implied 玉皇上帝: looks "Jade Emperor the High God" to me 玉皇大帝: I would say "the Great Sovereign Jade Emperor" or "the Great August Jade Emperor"

Correct me if I'm wrong. - Nat Krause 20:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Yes, they all mean and refer to the same thing for Chinese. In our language, there are many variants for an important figure like this Jade Emperor, since we have a habit of adding many nice words to the original name, a kind of expatiation. Like in "玉皇上帝" and "玉皇大帝", the words "上" and “大” mean no more than a symbolic thing, pointing to something supreme or lofty. And that's all. As for "天公", I don't think the English word 'duke' is a proper translation for this occasion though it does sometimes mean 'duke'. And the translation "Grandpa" sounds a little weird to me, too. Whenever I see 天公，I will make out a lofty, emperor-like man in my mind. But still, I have to say 'Grandpa' or 'Old Man' will be a good choice. Chrisliu (talk) 16:52, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Yu aboard a Goa'uld space station.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Yu aboard a Goa'uld space station.jpg
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The Three Pure Ones
Is the Jade Emperor one of the Three Pure Ones?--Splashen (talk) 00:26, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Inaccuracies
Chrisliu's equation of ".....玉皇上帝" and "玉皇大帝", the words "上" and “大” mean no more than a symbolic thing" is historically and linguistically absurd. I still read the same assertion in the Chinese Mythology page of the use of 上帝 was datable from the Oracle Bones, Taoism Stub Editors ought to do something about the accuracy here.  上帝  was never in any Taoist or Chinese text until the New Testament was translated to Chinese.  In the Creation section the previous editor added in an older version of Creation, Jade Emperor took on the role of 'Pangu', JE was not Pangu, he never was.   I read Dongmin Baoji was a reference, it may be worthwhile therefore to cite from who the current JE is, and whence he was enthroned. ACHKC (talk) 14:58, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Four Dragons
Is there any reason why the most common myth associated wuth him, that of the creation of China's four rivers, is not here? I'd edit it in, but I find its absence conspicuous and ominous, — Preceding unsigned comment added by Falconfly (talk • contribs) 21:06, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

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topple
In § Vanquishing evil:
 * Mountains shook and rivers and seas toppled.

Mountains can topple. Trees can topple. Rivers and seas can't. As defined in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary:
 * to fall from or as if from being top-heavy

Water, as a liquid, is already as low as it can go in its current place, and always tries to go lower by running downhill.

--Thnidu (talk) 03:16, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

Name
To add to article: mention of the Jade Emperor's palace, to help explain why "Jade" is part of his name.

元始天尊在清微天中玉京金闕七寶玄苑玉皇宮殿

173.88.241.33 (talk) 21:55, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

The Four Dragons part needs to be edited
As it is right now, it's unreadable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rivercosta (talk • contribs) 23:22, 24 December 2017 (UTC)
 * I cleaned it up based on a few different versions of the story found through a google search. I don't have the time to properly source it, but it's readable now. Livingston 11:59, 15 February 2019 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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I have just modified 3 external links on Jade Emperor. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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What are the primary sources for the myths about the Jade Emperor?
The article doesn't mention any primary sources for these myths. 58.105.78.220 (talk) 01:51, 16 July 2023 (UTC)

"Seas toppled"?
Under the heading "Chinese mythology: Vanquishing evil", the fifth sentence in the fifth paragraph reads "Mountains shook and rivers and seas toppled." This is confusing. To "topple" literally means to fall or be knocked-over, sharing the same root as "top". Obviously, rivers and seas do not have "tops", nor can they be knocked over. In lieu of a source from which one can try to infer the closest translated meaning, I propose it be tweaked to say that "...rivers and seas trembled", since water can certainly appear to tremble (to shake, splash, produce waves, etc.) Any thoughts? Bricology (talk) 07:47, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jade Emperor


text:
Charles P. Gillen

Charles Patrick Gillen (August 6, 1876 – June 30, 1956) was the Democratic mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1917 to 1921. He was the first mayor under the reincorporation as a City Commission form of government.

Biography
He was born in County Roscommon, Ireland on August 6, 1876. He was the son of Thomas Gillen and Mary A. Conry. He was Irish Catholic.

He married Margaret Carey in 1923. He had a real estate business before entering politics. He was the mayor of Newark, New Jersey, from 1917 to 1921. He was a delegate to the 1932 Democratic National Convention.

He died on June 30, 1956, at Saint Michael's Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey, aged 79 and was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Newark.

title: Charles P. Gillen


text:
Singida Region

Singida Region (Mkoa wa Singida in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers a land area of 49,340 km2. The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Slovakia. The Region is bordered to the north by Shinyanga Region, Simiyu Region and Arusha Region, to the northeast by Manyara Region, to the east by Dodoma Region, to the southeast by Iringa Region, to the southwest by Mbeya Region and to the west by Tabora Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Singida. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,008,058.

Geography
Singida Region is located below the equator between latitudes 3052’ and 7034’. Longitudinally the region is situated between 33027’ and 350 26’ east of Greenwich. To the north, it shares borders with Shinyanga Region; Arusha, Manyara and on the east borders Dodoma. To the south it shares borders with Iringa and Mbeya while on the west there is Tabora Region.

Singida Region has a total surface area of 49,438 km2, out of which 95.5 km2 or 0.19 percent are covered by water bodies of Lake Eyasi, Kitangiri, Singidani, Kindai, Munang and Balengida. The remaining 49,342.5 km2 is land area. It is the 5th largest in size and occupies about 5.6 percent of mainland Tanzania's total area of 881,289 km2. Manyoni District Council (57.9%) is the largest district in the Singida Region, followed by Ikungi District Council (14.9%), Iramba District, Singida District Council, Mkalama District Council, and Singida Municipality at the tail end.

Climate
The area is a portion of Tanzania's semi-arid central region, which has an unpredictable rainfall pattern, brief rainy seasons, and a fairly severe drought once every four years. There are significant geographic and seasonal variations in the annual total rainfall, which ranges from 500 mm to 800 mm. There are two seasons: the lengthy dry season from April/May to November and the brief rainy season from December to March (or occasionally up to April).

In the south-west of Manyoni District near Rungwa and along the escarpment at Kiomboi in Iramba District, where long-term mean annual rainfall surpasses 800 mm, respectively, are where Singida Region is wettest. Over a sizable portion of the Iramba and Singida districts, the mean annual rainfall falls between 600 mm and 800 mm. The driest section of the region, where the mean annual rainfall is less than 550 mm, is located on the eastern side of Manyoni District, close to the Bahi Swamp and the Rift Valley depression of Mgori and Shelui divisions. The average annual rainfall in the region is 700 mm.

The temperatures in the region vary according to altitude but generally range from about 15 °C in July to 30 °C during the month of October. Moreover, temperature differences are observed between day and night and may be very high, with hot afternoons going up to 35 °C and chilly nights going down to 10 °C.

The direction of the winds is determined by the monsoon season; they are north-easterly from November to March and south-easterly the rest of the year (dry season). The region is typically semi-arid from May to October because of the typically dry breezes in the area. The climatic influence of strong winds on moisture losses and consequent desertification is highlighted by the fact that maximal wind speeds occur with the time of greatest water scarcity.

Geology
The Wembere Steppe and the Bahi Swamp are frequently completely covered in alluviums, which are two main superficial geological deposits in the Singida Region. Alluviums are composed of sandy soil and clay. They can be found in drainage depressions of all sizes and along watercourses. These alluvial deposits center regions share a coating of black dirt, or "mbuga," on the surface.

This clay has a high degree of flexibility and responds to variations in moisture content by clearly shrinking and swelling. Sandy colluvial or slope wash materials, created from the neighborhood's basement rocks, surround the "mbuga." Under shallow "mbuga," banded conglomerate limestone and, less commonly, silica are frequently formed. The second deposit is of Cainozoic consisting of cemented sand, literate and sandstone occupying only a very small proportion of the region.

Topography
The Singida Region is located in the northern portion of Tanzania's central plateau, which rises to elevations of 1,200 to 1,500 meters above sea level. A significant scarp that can reach heights of 180 meters, which is the eastern portion of the Great Rift Valley, surrounds the area on all sides with the exception of the south-eastern border. Massive outcrops or rocky peaks made of granite and metamorphic rocks are a notable aspect of the land escarpment in the Iramba and Singida areas. These outcrops, often referred to as inselbergs, are the remains of old land surfaces that have been eroded to create a vast, gently sloping peneplain in the nearby areas.

Drainage basins
The following are the fundamental drainage systems in the Singida Region: The only permanent river in the area is Sibiti, which originates in the Mkalama District and empties into Lake Kitangiri.

Ndurumo, Mpura, Kisukwani, and Wembere rivers originate in the Iramba District and flow north and northwest into Lake Kitangiri and the Eyasi Basin. Ponde and Bubu rivers originate in the Ikungi district and flow into the Bahi Swamp, which stretches across the Rift Valley's floor into the Dodoma Region.

Njombe River receives input from other rivers before joining Great Ruaha River and emptying into the Indian Ocean. The Wembere Plain or wetland is drained by rivers in the Ikungi District. Internal drainage affects a large portion of the plateau, creating salty and alkaline lakes including Singidani, Kindai, and Balengida Singida.

Flora
Bush or thickets in the uplands are examples of the vegetation that can be found there. Wetland vegetation is another thing, and it combines grassland with trees. In the Iramba and Central Singida districts (Ilongero/Mgori), bushland vegetation predominates. Parts of Ikungi District (Isuna, Ikungi, northern Manyoni, the northeastern portion of Itigi, and parts of Makanda) are covered in an impenetrable dense deciduous thicket of multisteamed shrubs known as "Itigi thickets." In areas of woodland grassland and on the edge of marsh vegetation, wetland vegetation is found in wetter "mbuga" that are inevitably inundated for extended periods during the wet season. Kintinku, Muhalala, and Saranda in Manyoni's northeast and Manyoni's southeast both have this type of vegetation.

Economy
About 90% of the population in Singida Region is employed in the agricultural industry, which dominates the region's economy. The majority of the region's monetary revenue comes from agriculture, primarily from the production of maize, sweet potatoes, paddy, sorghum, peanut, cotton, sunflower, cashew nuts, and cassava. Next to agriculture, the livestock industry—which includes the poultry industry—plays a key role in the local economy.

Agriculture
In the Singida Region, the main food crops are maize, sweet potatoes, paddy, sorghum, and cassava. The primary food crop planted in the area is maize, which accounts for 45.9% of the cumulative annual average area under food crop cultivation. Sorghum is the next-largest crop, coming in at 23.5%, followed by sweet potatoes (14.0%) and finger millet (11.1%). Paddy (2.2%) and cassava (2.0%) were the other food crops grown. Three years, from 2016–17 to 2018–19, saw the region harvest an average of 595,530.8 metric tonnes of food crops. The best year was 2017–2018, when the region produced a record–setting total of 708,838.4 metric tonnes of all crops.

With an average annual output of 256,915.9 metric tonnes, maize is the primary food crop in the area, accounting for 43.1% of the average annual production of food crops. Sorghum (21.4%), sweet potatoes (15.6%), finger millet (9.1%), paddy (5.6%), cassava (3.8%), and pearl millet (1.5%) are the next most common grains.

In many of the communities in the area, livestock is a significant source of revenue and defines the economic and social standing of the home. At current market values, the regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Singida rose from approximately TZS 1.2 trillion in 2012 to approximately TZS 2.42 trillion in 2018. At current market values, the regional GDP per capita climbed from TZS 872,866 in 2012 to TZS 1,500,190 in 2018.

Cash crops
Cash crops in the area occupied an average yearly area of 210,302.0 hectares from the 2016/17 crop season to the 2018/19 crop season. Sunflower, cotton, groundnuts, onions, simsim, finger millet, and lentils are some of the most important cash crops. Sunflower accounted for the majority of the land used for growing cash crops, accounting for an average of 108,629.5 hectares per year, followed by ground nuts with 23,319.5 hectares (11.1%) and other crops.

Three years, from 2016–17 to 2018–19, saw Singida Region harvest a total of 407,911.5 metric tonnes of cash crops, setting a record. The best year was 2018–19, with a cumulative annual average of 274,115.4 metric tonnes. Sunflower is the major cash crop in the area, producing an average of 133,869.5 metric tonnes annually, accounting for 48.8% of the average annual production of food crops in the region. Onion (30.19%), cowpeas (6.7%), groundnuts (6.2%), cotton (2.4%), simsim (1.8%), Kartamu (1.4%), dengu (1.2%), sugar cane (0.3%), tobacco (0.1%), and cashewnut (0.1%) are the next-highest commodities.

8,977 hectares in the Singida Region could be used for irrigation. There are currently just 2,531 hectares of land that are irrigated, or 28.2 percent, of the total area. Paddy, maize, and horticultural crops, primarily tomatoes, onions, cabbages, egg plants, watermelons, and capsicums, are among the crops irrigated.

Sunflowers
With a cumulative annual average production of 133,869.5 tonnes from 2016/17 to 2018/19, sunflowers were the top cash crop in the area. The largest producer in the area was Singida District, Council, which contributed 24.8 percent of the total tonnage of sunflower gathered in the area. Ikungi District Council came in second with 16.5%, followed by Mkalama District Council with 16.5%, Manyoni District Council with 10.4%, and Singida Municipality with 2.3%. Iramba District Council came in second with 23.5%.

Onions
Onion output from 2016/17 to 2018/19 had a total annual average production of 84,835.1 tonnes, placing it second in terms of quantity after sunflower. The largest onion producer in the area was Mkalama District Council, which supplied 59.2% of the total tonnage of onions gathered in the area. Ikungi District Council (11.7%), Iramba District Council (8.5%), and Itigi District Council (1.3%) were in second, third, and fourth place, respectively, behind Singida District Council (19.3%).

Livestock
Singida has a large number of livestock with around 1.4 million cattle, 0.7 million goats, 0.4 million sheep, 42,00 donkeys and 1.1 million chickens. Livestock ranks 2nd as a major resource for the economy. This includes livelihood and beef export which is a major trade domestically and nationally. Other economic contributions are mining, commerce, and natural resources consisting of agro-forestry, wildlife, bee keeping and fishing. Singida has a progressive increase in the GDP income the country of Tanzania. It contributes 3% to the government of Tanzania's GDP.

The Singida Region's estimated grazing land in 2018 was 403,087 hectares, although only 362,156 hectares of that area was actually utilised for grazing. Many steps have been done to encourage pastoralists to embrace contemporary methods of livestock management. In 2018, the region has 17 veterinary clinics and 88 veterinary diagnostic imaging centers, of which roughly 25 diagnostic imaging centers were operational. By 2018, there were 31 livestock markets/auctions, 43 charcoal dams, 8 hide and skin sheds, 12 crushes, and 12 abattoirs in the area. In 2019, there were 86 slaughter slabs in the area.

According to estimates, 594,280 animals (including chickens 437,884, pigs 19,333, sheep 31,535, dairy cattle 104, goats 51,326 and indigenous cattle 54,098 were sold in 2018). In 2018, 110,252 hides and skins (43,360 cattle hides, 54,034 goat skins, and 12,858 sheep skins) were marked. In 2018, approximately 1,410,293 liters of milk were produced.

Ikungi District Council had the most share (34.02%; 417,746) of the total cattle population in the area at the council level. Iramba District Council came in second at 15.56 percent (190,989), followed by Singida District Council (14.53%; 178,426), Manyoni District (Council 13.36%; 164,081), Mkalama District Council (10.61%; 130,289), and Itigi District Council (8.80%; 108,020), whereas Singida Municipal Council had the lowest share of cattle population in Singida Region at 3.11 percent.

Goats were the most prevalent animal in the Ikungi District Council, where they made up 32.29 percent of the total population. Manyoni District Council came in second with 16.22 percent, followed by Iramba District Council (15.16 percent), Itigi District Council (7.48 percent), Singida Municipal Council (5.32%), Singida District Council (10.70 percent), and Mkalama District Council (12.83 percent).

Poultry farming is an important aspect of life for both rural and urban residents, and it makes a big difference in reducing poverty and enhancing food security. 2,632,584 native chickens made up the Singida Region's chicken population. The largest number was recorded by the Ikungi District Council (913,137), which was followed by the Iramba District Council (718,000), the Singida District Council (371,878), the Mkalama District Council (308,188), and the Manyoni District Council (205,085). The Itigi District (62,403) and the Singida Municipal Council (53,893) only recorded a small number.

The number of sheep in the Ikungi District Council was highest (28%; 79,945), followed by the Iramba District Council (46,921; 16.4%), Manyoni District Council (45,106; 15.8%), Mkalama District Council (44,673; 15.7%), Singida District Council (41,183; 14.4%), Singida Municipal (13,966; 4.9%), and Itigi District Council (13,637; 4.8%).

Pigs (15,678) were one of the animals contributing to the life of urban residents in the Singida Region in 2019. Iramba District Council had the highest percentage of pigs in the area (5,896; 37.6%), followed by Mkalama District Council (3,606; 23%), and Singida District had the lowest percentage (373; 2.4%).

Fishing
Lake Kitangiri in the Iramba District is the primary site for fishing activity in the area. Additionally, Tulya Ward in Singida DC and Mpambala ard in Mkalama DC) wards provide access to fishing resources. There are a total of 170 fishing licenses, and 274 registered fishing vessels are used by 386 fishermen to do their business. 94 fishing boats that are not registered are also present. About 193.2 tonnes of fish (mostly Singida tilapia) were caught in 2015, totaling TZS 474,940,000.

Industry
1 large industry, 10 medium-scale industries, 309 minor industries, and 1,485 micro-scale industries made up the 1,805 industries in the Singida Region in 2019. One of the county's regions, Singida, depends on the processing of sunflower oil for its industrial sector. 1 major, 3 medium, and 115 small of the region's 119 sunflower processing facilities rely on locally and regionally supplied raw materials. The large-scale Mount Meru Millers sunflower refinery is capable of generating 182,500 metric tonnes annually. The combined annual processing capacity of the three medium-sized facilities is 89,790 metric tonnes of sunflower. The 115 small factories have a yearly processing capacity of 162,435 metric tonnes. Singida Region has 11 small, privately owned factories that process leather and one medium-sized business that processes leather for the cattle industry.

There are 6,113 licensed dealers among the 7,851 state-recognized traders in the region. To date, SIDO, Measurement Agency, and TPSF have all provided business training to a total of 4,548 merchants at various times. Additionally, around 1,546 locals have received crop processing training.

Mining
There are 46 different locations where different sorts of mineral resources can be found in the Singida Region. Six categories are used to classify the different types of minerals that are readily accessible, including: I metallic minerals (gold, copper, iron, titanium); (ii) energy (uranium); (iii) gemstones (zircon, quarts, amethyst, and garnets); (iv) Kimberlitic diamonds; (v) industrial (gypsum salt and red soil); and (vi) building materials (rocks, gravel, pebbles, stones Only seven regions of the 46 mineral resources are being mined on a modest basis. Most small-scale miners drill for these seven minerals, and regional mining officials oversee this industry's management. A business by the name of Shinta is now opening a central gold mine in the area.

Gypsum output was 5,290.83 metric tonnes worth TZS 411.3 million, gold production was 31,383.26 grams for TZS 2.089 billion, and production of construction minerals was 34,102.50 metric tonnes worth TZS 125.5 million, for a total revenue of TZS 2.6 billion. For 2016–17, a total of 115.05 million TZS worth of square footage was authorized, of which 83.6 million TZS were allotted for gold mining, 12.4 million TZS for gypsum mining, and 19.02 million TZS for construction minerals.

Infrastructure
A 220-KV electricity system connecting the Singida Region to the region to the nationwide electrical grid. Wind energy plans are still in the works. Singida has a railway station on a branch off the Central Railway of Tanzanian Railways, although it is currently not working. It is a branch terminal. The railway from Singida joins the Central line at Manyoni. Most roads in Singida Region are made of tarmacs, with good quality. As of 2012 a new asphalt road was completed between Singida and Dodoma. An asphalt road was also built between Singida and Mwanza.< Also roads within the district are of good condition, some of them made of tarmacs and other seasonal roads. Singida Airstrip is a public airstrip located west of the town.

Nature, Reserves and Tourism
Tanzania's forestry strategy places a strong emphasis on assisting local populations in protecting their land. Out of the 441 communities in the Singida Region, 230 have local natural forest reserves totaling 520,325.48 hectares. As a result, there are village natural forest reserves in around fifty percent (50%) of the communities in the Singida Region. The 39,361-hectare Mgori forest reserve serves as an illustration of a good forest reserve. Nalogwa (36 ha), Mwighaji (346.22 ha), Munkhola (1,393.62 ha), Mughamo (462.44 ha), and Sombi are other forest reserves (50 ha).

Mgori Forest Reserve: Five communities, Mughunga, Unyampanda, Nduamughanga, Pohama, and Ngimu, own and administer the 39,361 acres Mgori Forest Reserve. The forest is home to a variety of animals and trees. The Amarula is a rare species of plant that makes edible fruits. Additionally, beekeeping is practiced in this woodland.

Three game reserves, totaling 15,836 square kilometers, are situated in the Manyoni District. These are Muhesi Game Reserve, Kizigo Game Reserve, and Rungwa Game Reserve, each covering 9,000 square kilometers (2,836 km2). The southern boundary of these reserves is shared with Ruaha National Park. These game reserves are home to a vast range of species, including elephants, buffalo, lions, leopards, giraffes, impala, zebra, baboons, monkeys, and a large number of different birds.

Additionally, there are 12 open game regions (game-controlled areas) in the territory, totaling around 27,206 square kilometers. These regions are Wembere Plains, Endasiku in Iramba District, Chaya Game Controlled Area in Manyoni, Minyughe, Mgori, Isuna, Mwaru, and Nduamghanga in Singida District. Cultural attractions include: rock paintings can be seen in a number of locations in the area, including Mwakiteu in Ilongero, Mangua, and Misughaa in Singida District. Also Kisana Wangu rock paintings. In Msule Village, Sambaru in Singida District, and Nkhonkilangi Village in Iramba District, hot springs may be found. In Singida city, the Singida Regional Museum is under Tanzania's Open University and available to the public.

German Boma in Kilimatinde: The Boma is thought to have been built between 1880 and 1890. Before becoming a hospital, this structure was built during the German colonial era for military and administrative uses. Hewani, a nearby observation point from where one may see the Rift Valley in its entirety, is close by. The oldest hospital in Tanzania's Mainland is Kilimatinde. There are a number of graves of young German troops from the early 1900s.

Population
The first peoples in Singida Region are the Bantu ethnic group of this region is known as the Turu people, it is the most prominent ethnic group in the region as they currently have a world population of over 1,000,000 members with most of them residing in the Singida Region. The Turu also rely heavily on grain production for the purposes of acquiring cattle, which is a very important commodity to the Turu. They primarily produce crops like uwele, maize and matama and The Turu rely on wives in the community to harvest crops and they are huge component of the Turu economy, as such bride wealth via cattle is often arranged in order to obtain a bride.

Nyamwezi people are a tribe whose ancestral home are in certain parts of Singida. This is an agricultural community producing primarily crops like sorghum, millet, and rice. The Nyamwezi have matrilineal descent groups. Ancestral worship is also integral to the Nyamwezi and they also look to high gods and spirits for guidance.

The Isanzu people are based in the Iramba district of Singida Region. The Isanzu speak a Bantu language called Kinyihanzu and the population is approximately 87,000 people. The Isanzu are also farmers of sorghum, millet, and maize. Some Isanzu are also migrant laborers in other parts of the country; and they also have matrilineal descent. Another people group is based in southern Singida Regiona are the Kimbu people.

The Datooga people also live in certain parts of northern Singida Region and as of 1996 there are approximately 100,000 Datooga people. They mainly practice Christianity but have strong adherence to traditional practices rooted in animist beliefs. This entails relying on rainmaking, and sorcery, and strong respect and deference for ancestors who are looked to for spiritual guidance. The Datooga primarily speak the language Datooga and are a formerly nomadic people, now agriculturists and farm crops like maize, beans and millet. This group also practice polygamy and rank wives based on order of marriage.

Demographics
Since 2003, there has been a considerable population increase in the Singida Region. With a population growth rate of 2.3 percent, the region's population expanded from 1,086,748 people in 2002 to 1,370,637 people in 2012. The estimated population in 2020 is 1,705,182.

In 2012, there were 255,613 homes in the Singida Region, of which 218,621 (86%) were located in rural regions and 218,621 (14%), in urban areas. In the Singida Region, women were in charge of 32% of families. There were 5.3 people living in each home. Compared to urban households, which on average had 4.4 people per household, rural households had 5.4 people. In female-headed homes, there were 8.3 people on average per household, as opposed to 3.8 in male-headed households.

Singida Region's average population density in 2012 was 28 people per square kilometer, which was lower than Tanzania's mainland's average density of 49 people per square kilometer. This demonstrates that there is no land pressure in the area.

Politics
The main political party representing the Tanzanian government is CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi), which the presidents have five year terms and can be reelected once. Singida Region is run by a town council led by a regional commissioner, Hon. Dr. B. Mahenge. The currently Member of the Parliament representing Singida is Hon. Mussa Sima.

Districts
Singida Region is divided into six districts, each administered by a council (note: the regions changed between the 2002 census and the 2012 census so the figures are not directly comparable):

Note:

 * - formerly part of Manyoni District until 2015

Health
In most cases, Singida positively exceeds national standards as far as infant mortality, health unit ratio to population, and maternal mortality rate. Singida Region had 9 hospitals, 18 health centres and 206 dispensaries in 2018.

Education
In the Singida Region, there were 555 primary schools, and more than ninety-five percent (95.5%) of them were publicly owned. In contrast, 25 elementary schools were owned by the private sector in 2020. In the same time frame, 22 of the 164 secondary schools in the Singida Region were privately owned, making up 86.6 percent of all secondary schools. The Open University of Tanzania (OUT) and the Tanzania Institute of Accountancy are the only two universities with a physical presence in the area. Additionally, there are technical colleges, colleges for teachers, VETA-registered training facilities, and colleges for folk development (FDC).

Notable Persons from Singida Region

 * Mohammed Dewji, billionaire, Richest man in Tanzania
 * Restituta Joseph, Athlete
 * Zakia Mrisho Mohamed, Athlete, women's national record in 5000m
 * Michael John Lema, footballer Playing for Austria
 * Tundu Lissu, lawyer and politician
 * January Makamba, politician
 * Aisha Masaka, footballer
 * Anna Mghwira, politician
 * Mwigulu Nchemba, politician
 * Samson Ramadhani, athlete
 * Jux, singer

title: Singida Region


text: Category:Christian rock genres

title: Category:Christian rock genres