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Johnny Pearson

John Valmore Pearson (18 June 1925 – 20 March 2011) was a British composer, orchestra leader and pianist. He led the Top of the Pops orchestra for sixteen years, wrote a catalogue of library music, and had many of his pieces used as the theme music to television series.

Early years
Johnny Pearson was born John Valmore Pearson in Plaistow in Kent, the only child of a steel erector. At age seven, Pearson began studying piano. By nine, he had won a scholarship with the London Academy of Music, where he spent four years under English pianist Solomon. However, at the outbreak of war and with the end of his scholarship he was put into trade, and embarked on a seven-year toolmaking apprenticeship, much of it at the Siemens Brothers factory in Charlton.

In his teens, Pearson gave classical recitals and started a jazz band, the Rhythm Makers. During World War II, Johnny Pearson served in the Royal Artillery Band. After the war, he became one of the founding members of the Malcolm Mitchell Trio in October 1948, before leaving in 1954 after Malcolm Mitchell broke up the group to start a solo career. During his time with the trio, Johnny Pearson toured England and Europe, playing the West End and theatres. The early Malcolm Mitchell Trio consisted of Malcolm Mitchell, Teddy Broughton and Johnny Pearson.

After leaving the Malcolm Mitchell Trio, Pearson turned his talents to British radio, as well as performing in the Peter York Concert Orchestra. By 1960, he was conducting the Romance in Rhythm Orchestra. He recorded two singles for Parlophone, "Waterfall" in mid 1959, and "Theme from The L Shaped Room" in 1962. He was then offered a solo album deal with Oriole Records, which first teamed him up with John Schroeder. The Oriole album, Piano Sweet - Piano Wild was released in 1962 and was Johnny Pearson's first full vinyl album release. Also there was a 45 single released, "Ooh La La", in 1962 but this track and its b-side did not appear on the album. After the Oriole releases, Johnny Pearson continued to perform with various concert orchestras until 1964.

Working with Cilla Black
In early 1964, Johnny Pearson took part in helping launch the career of Cilla Black, a rising singer who had been spotted by The Beatles producer, George Martin. She had released her first 45 single, "Love of the Loved", in 1963, but it had charted only modestly despite having been written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. A scout for George Martin had spotted the track "Anyone Who Had a Heart" after hearing the US singer Dionne Warwick's version. Originally the song was to have been recorded in the UK by Shirley Bassey, but George Martin saw the piece as being more suitable for Black's voice. Early in 1964, "Anyone Who Had a Heart" was recorded by Cilla Black at London's Abbey Road Studios, in an arrangement by Pearson which featured the use of bassoons. In February 1964, it entered the UK Singles Chart, eventually reaching number 1 in both the UK and Ireland and also charting in other parts of Europe. The Dionne Warwick version was also in the UK charts at the time (although it only managed to peak at Number 42), but Cilla Black's treatment used slightly different lyrics and a different arrangement.

Following the success of "Anyone Who Had a Heart", Pearson was invited to work on the next Cilla Black single, "You're My World", which was released in May 1964. This was also recorded at Abbey Road Studios, and again went to number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. Pearson also worked on other Cilla Black tracks, some of which featured on her album, Cilla Sings a Rainbow.

Sounds Orchestral
Sounds Orchestral was an idea by John Schroeder, who had moved from Oriole Records to become the label manager at Pye Records and was interested in producing an instrumental version of the US hit song "Cast Your Fate to the Wind". This had been suggested to him at the time by Pye staff member, Tony Reeves. As his project moved to fruition, Schroeder looked for a piano player. His efforts came about when he was reminded of Johnny Pearson from a few years earlier, after he heard him on Radio Luxembourg. Initially paid a session fee to record "Cast Your Fate to the Wind", Pearson was subsequently made a full partner in the Sounds Orchestral project. "Cast Your Fate to the Wind" was a number 5 hit in the UK Singles Chart in early 1965. Sounds Orchestral would end up recording some seventeen albums between 1965 and 1977. Some have subsequently been reissued on CD.

Top of the Pops
Pearson first appeared on the BBC music show Top of the Pops in January 1965 playing piano with Sounds Orchestral on "Cast Your Fate to the Wind", which charted at the time. The following year in 1966, Pearson took charge of the Top of the Pops Orchestra, established after the Musicians' Union forbade miming on televised musical performances. By the summer of 1980, the Musicians' Union went on strike after budget cuts led to the BBC terminating several orchestras, including that of Top of the Pops. During the strike, Top of the Pops was off the air from June to August 1980. Pearson continued contributing to the programme until the 900th episode in the summer of 1981. Pearson's arrangement for the Top of the Pops Orchestra of Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love" was the theme tune to Top of the Pops for most of the 1970s.

The Dusty Springfield TV Series
During 1966, as well as Top of the Pops, Johnny Pearson worked and directed the orchestra for the Dusty Springfield shows which were produced and directed by Stanley Dorfman and recorded by the BBC, for television. It featured Johnny Pearson directing a full 32 piece orchestra. There were a total of twelve episodes made, six in 1966 and six in 1967. In recent years, the surviving nine episodes have been remastered and released as "Dusty Springfield Live at the BBC", on DVD.

KPM
In 1966, Johnny Pearson also started his long association with the KPM library record label. KPM was originally known as Keith Prowse Music. KPM would later become part of the EMI Group of companies but was able to retain its independence due to its specialist nature. Pearson's involvement with KPM was to last many years until 1978, which is when he switched over his music library efforts to Bruton Music. Johnny Pearson would however again later return to KPM during 1988. That year's KPM 1000 Series double release Johnny Pearson Piano and Orchestra included several pieces featured in the second run of All Creatures Great and Small, which did not have the accompanying soundtrack release that the original run did.

Johnny Pearson's earliest contributions at KPM came in the form of contributing to KPM's in house orchestra, the Group-Forty Orchestra. KPM's Group-Forty Orchestra was an orchestra that existed between 1959 and 1966. Its role was to record background music for radio and television. From 1967, Johnny Pearson started appearing on many of KPM's music library recordings, in his own right.

The Carpenters
In October 1971 Johnny Pearson was the musical director on the Stanley Dorfman directed and produced BBC Television special Carpenters: Live at the BBC, featuring the American musical duo of Karen and Richard Carpenter. It first aired on BBC1 on November 6, 1971. In early 1973 Pearson was again contacted by Richard Carpenter to ask permission to use one of his songs on the then forthcoming Carpenters LP, Now & Then. This track, originally titled "Autumn Reverie", first appeared on the 1968 KPM album Gentle Sounds, and was retitled "Heather" by producer John Bettis in the Carpenters' version. Richard Carpenter apparently first heard the track as background music for a commercial for the US health food supplement maker Geritol, and loved it straight away. "Autumn Reverie" would also feature again on the 1974 Johnny Pearson LP Touch Me in the Morning, and as background music on the British television series All Creatures Great and Small (1978–90).

Johnny Pearson and his Orchestra
As leader of the Johnny Pearson Orchestra he reached number 8 in the United Kingdom chart in early 1972 with "Sleepy Shores", the theme from the television series Owen, M.D. (1971–73). The Johnny Pearson Orchestra, which as a musical project was begun in 1972, ran side by side with his other projects. At the time these projects included working on albums with John Schroeder for Sounds Orchestral and also providing library music to Britain's KPM Records.

Instead of the slightly jazzy sounding Sounds Orchestral albums, Pearson was offered a project for easy listening and romance music, based on the success of his "Sleepy Shores" hit. This time he teamed up with music executive Larry Page, who wanted to move his label Penny Farthing into the easy listening genre. The albums were released outside the UK in Europe, Australia, Canada and the US. In 1978 Larry Page decided to rename his Penny Farthing label to Rampage Records, to reflect a more modern outlook. One of the first singles and albums from the Rampage label would be another of Pearson's international hits, the eponymous theme from All Creatures Great and Small.

In the United Kingdom
Pearson was a successful composer of theme music for television series. Examples of his work included The Rat Catchers, All Creatures Great and Small, General Hospital, Captain Pugwash, Triangle, 3-2-1, Mary Mungo & Midge and ITN's News at Ten (the last of which formed part of "The Awakening", a piece otherwise known to American audiences as the main title theme to the 1974 animated film Journey Back to Oz). He also wrote the scores to Michael Winner's swinging 60s comedy film The Jokers (1967), the Robert Horton TV spy movies The Spy Killer (1969) and Foreign Exchange (1970), the Grampian Television start-up music "Sounds On", and the ATV startup theme "Midlands Montage", as well as music used during intervals between schools programmes on ITV.

In the United States
In the United States, Pearson's best-known composition is "Heavy Action", originally used as the theme to the BBC sports show Superstars, and subsequently adopted by ABC's Monday Night Football (the NFL's weekly nationally televised showcase) and the SFM Holiday Network. In 1989, Edd Kalehoff composed and recorded a new arrangement of this music for later seasons of Monday Night Football. His piece "Graveyard" was used in The Ren and Stimpy Show and SpongeBob SquarePants, and his piece "Mini Walking" was used on Sesame Street as the score for the animated story segment Nancy the Nannygoat by Tee Collins and part of the score for Bill Cosby's Aesop's Fables animated special from Filmation. NFL Films has used many of his other compositions for its Super Bowl and other highlight films.

Pearson's "Power Drive," composed in 1967, was known in the U.S. and Canada for use in some episodes of the 1967-70 cartoon series Spider-Man, as well as being the theme for Los Angeles station KNXT/KCBS-TV's afternoon movie series The Early Show for much of the 1970s and into the 1980s, as well as for their Saturday night movie show The Fabulous 52 from the late 1960s until the end of its run in 1974. "Power Drive" and "Evening Sky," among others, were also used as background music by NFL Films.

In Australia
In Australia, his best-known library music piece was "Power Drive," which was used as the theme for the 1969-75 police drama Division 4. Some of Johnny Pearson's library music was also used as background scene music for the Ten Network series, Prisoner. Also during late 2011, another Johnny Pearson track, And a Very Good Morning to You, from 1970, was used as a piece of background music, on the Nine Network series, Underbelly. The track "Sleepy Shores" was also used as incidental music in some of the courting scenes from the 1970s ABC TV drama series, Certain Women. Alternative rock band TISM sampled "Power Drive" in their 1998 single "Thunderbirds are Coming Out".

In the Netherlands
In the 1970s, Johnny Pearson composed the music score for the Dutch TV series Sil de Strandjutter, performed by his orchestra. Pearson's composition "Heather", as performed by the Carpenters, has served as the background music to the "Plaat & zijn Verhaal"-section ("A record and its story") at Radio Veronica, in which a song's lyrics are translated into Dutch and read by the DJ. This composition, in the Carpenters' version, was also the last music to be heard before Radio Veronica went off the air in 1974.

The 1980s and later
After leaving Top of the Pops, Pearson continued to work on independent projects throughout the 1980s. With his friend and business partner Adrian Kerridge he took on the ownership of the Lansdowne Studios in Holland Park. In 1982 he released the instrumental album On Golden Pond through Larry Page's Page One Records.

In 1984, Pearson assembled another orchestra, the Johnny Pearson Studio Orchestra, and contributed to John Paul Jones' motion picture soundtrack, Scream For Help. Following this, during 1985, he worked on producing music for the BBC TV production drama Maelstrom. Notable on the recordings for Maelstrom is the track "Camellia Waltz", which was treated to sound like an old 78rpm record. Other tracks by Pearson for the series came from his work with KPM. In 1987, together with business partner at Lansdowne Adrian Kerridge, Pearson negotiated the purchase of CTS Studios in Wembley. In 1988, he returned to the KPM record label and the recording of two new library CDs for the radio and television industry. Both were recorded at CTS Studios in Wembley, with Adrian Kerridge.

After the 1980s, Pearson made occasional live appearances as part of a quartet. During 1993, Johnny Pearson worked with Shirley Bassey on a new album recording. Titled "Shirley Bassey sings the songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber", this was recorded at the CTS Studios. With Johnny Pearson mainly conducting, the album was subsequently released through EMI. More recently, it has now been reissued on compact disc.

In 1996, Johnny Pearson recorded a CD of library music, for the radio and television industry, titled Simply Piano. This was followed in 2005 by another CD, Simply Piano 2.

Death
Johnny Pearson died at the age of 85, on 20 March 2011. He is survived by Alex, his wife of many years whom he married in 1963.

Discography
Johnny Pearson at one time had at least four different projects going at the same time: Sounds Orchestral, as pianist; Johnny Pearson and his Orchestra; work with KPM Records, with background music for radio and television; and as arranger with Top of the Pops. Apart from his work with John Schroeder and Sounds Orchestral, at Pye during 1964–1975, his solo work included:

 * 1962 Piano Sweet - Piano Wild (Oriole PS40023)
 * 1967 Portrait of the 20th Century (KPM Records UK)
 * 1970 Sounds Extravanganza (Aristocrat UK)
 * 1970 The Johnny Pearson Sound, Studio 70 Orchestra (A&M Records)
 * 1971 Heavy Action (Superstars)
 * 1972 Sleepy Shores
 * 1974 Touch Me in the Morning
 * 1975 In Love
 * 1976 Sil de strandjutter (original score from Dutch TV series)
 * 1976 Rodrigos Guitar Concerto (Australian reissue of Sleepy Shores)
 * 1977 If You Leave Me Now
 * 1978 All Creatures Great and Small: The Original Music from the TV Series and Other Favourite Themes (UK release)
 * 1980 Bright Eyes
 * 1981 I Remember that Summer
 * 1982 On Golden Pond (PAGE1 Records)

Compilations:
 * 1980 Thinking of You (Endeavour Records - Castle Australia)

All the above were released on 12" vinyl, and from 1972 to the late 1970s, on the Penny Farthing Label, with Larry Page producing. In Australia, Sleepy Shores and Touch Me in the Morning are on Festival Records. In Australia from 1976 to 1980, Johnny Pearson and his Orchestra were on M7 Records. M7 Records was the offshoot of the ATN7 Television network of Australia. In Japan, Pearson was on JVC Victor. Around 1989, multiple releases occurred to coincide with the abandonment of vinyl records by the global music industry. Titles to be found included Themes and Dreams.

Compact disc releases

 * 1989 Themes and Dreams (President Records PRCD171) UK
 * 1989 Golden Instrumental Hits (Laserlight 15 171) German
 * 1991 Sleepy Shores (BR Music BR132-2) Europe
 * 1997 Best of Johnny Pearson and Orchestra (Music Club MCCD304) UK
 * 1998 Breaking Up and Making Up (Music Collection Int ETDCD057) UK
 * 1999 Music and Romance (Disky Communications INS857162) Dutch
 * 2010 King of Elegant Piano (JVC Victor Japan VICP47025) Double CD

Selected television compositions

 * Captain Pugwash
 * Ready Steady Go!
 * The Rat Catchers
 * ITV News at Ten
 * Mary, Mungo and Midge
 * Division 4
 * Carpenters: Live at the BBC
 * Superstars
 * Top of the Pops
 * General Hospital
 * All Creatures Great and Small
 * Monday Night Football
 * Triangle
 * Maelstrom
 * 3-2-1
 * Singles

title: Johnny Pearson


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Category:Dubbo

Dubbo is the largest population centre (population 38,000 as of 2004) and a Local Government Area in the central-west of New South Wales, Australia. It is located at the intersection of the Mitchell Highway, the Newell Highway and the Golden Highway. Dubbo is 416 kilometres northwest of the state capital Sydney and is a major road and rail freight hub to other parts of New South Wales. Dubbo is considered the cross-roads of New South Wales.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Dubbo


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Talk:Syrup of ipecac

Does popular culture have to ruin everything?
In very small doses, ipecac will induce vomiting and is useful when a significant amount of a poison has been ingested. An exception might be the ingestion of a corrosive substance that might cause damage to the esophagus and naso-pharengeal area on 'the way back up.' Keep in mind that this would be for emergency use, ONLY. You are not likely to have a handful of activated charcoal around to neutralize poisonous stomach contents. Like everything, it can be over-used and abused--and the stupid will follow 'direction' from entertainment cues. Don't be an idiot......store poisonous substances high and with locking caps--away from small curious children. Your highest medical risk is probably that of prompt blindness from the methanol in windshield washer fluid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Homebuilding (talk • contribs) 16:12, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

Video Links
On several occasions, I've removed links to videos of some guy being offered money to drink ipecac, and to the scene from Family Guy where they have a bet that involves drinking ipecac. While clips like this may be funny, I don't think that they really add much to the article, or are appropriate content for an encyclopedia. They provide no information that isn't already present in the article (ipecac makes you vomit; here's footage of someone drinking ipecac and then... vomiting), and they're obviously not intended to be particularly informative. They're also quite disgusting if you're not a big fan of vomit. I've got no problem with disgusting or offensive if they're serving an informative purpose, but I really don't think these videos pass muster. --Clay Collier 20:15, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I won't put it back in now, but I think it is borderline suitable. The fact that it is disgusting is certainly irrelevant.  I found the video rather informative in that it showed the intensity and the length of the vomiting.  However it certainly was not filmed for informational purposes, and I have no idea if the effects shown are typical.  Depending on how diluted the ipecac in the bottle was he may have received an overdose.  My main problem with the video is its exploitative nature, not the fact that it is disgusting or "humorous."  NTK 22:02, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Again, I have no problem with disgusting (and certainly not with humor) as long as (in this context) it's serving some sort of informational purpose. Your post about the live-action clip points out the problems with it: we have a guy drinking an unmeasured amount of ipecac- possibly receiving an OD- in an uncontrolled setting.  There is no way to tell if the response is typical, if the dosage is appropriate, etc. --Clay Collier 01:38, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I find this video rather funny and informative in that it shows the effect of the ipecac on someone: the intensity and length of the vomiting. Also note that this is an _external link_ which means they aren't included in the wikipedia itself, no one is forced to see it if one doesn't want too. And wikipedia's reputation isn't spoiled either. 85.59.114.10 17:22, 9 August 2007 (UTC)
 * How about an in popular culture section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.236.141.78 (talk) 06:12, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Again, 'funny' is not a criteria for inclusion of external links., and the link provides little or no information outside of 'ipecac makes you puke a lot', which the article already covers. There are 10,000 sites on the internet for finding funny clips of people doing stupid things.  Wikipedia doesn't need to be one of them.  --Clay Collier 10:19, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

I was curious about ipecac because of the Family Guy episode, and half expected the article to reference it, as a "common culture" thing. 65.190.163.162 04:08, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Second the above. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.27.182.16 (talk) 22:50, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Thirded the above. While it may not have educational value, it's hard to argue that most people know of the existance of ipecac through a single episode of Family Guy. Perhaps it can be weaseled into why you shouldn't just do stuff you see on T.V. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 56.0.143.24 (talk) 21:29, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * That's also after watching Family Guy that I checked what was Ipecac. Correjon (talk) 06:15, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Move
I propose to move this to Ipecac Syrup because that is the name it is known as.--Adam (talk) 18:06, 27 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Nope. I've only heard it called "Syrup of ipecac."  Google shows twice as many hits for this form.  However I have added a redirect from Ipecac syrup, which may be useful. NTK 04:16, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks- that's fine.--Adam [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px| ]](talk) 11:32, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

I recently read a book about the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. It describes that Dr. Rush's cure for the fever, along with bleeding, was a mix of herbs and chemicals used to purge the body of all its contents. It would enduce vimiting and diarrea to do so, just as ipecac syrup enduces vomitting.

"Ipecac (not syrup of ipecac) is also used as a homeopathic remedy for nausea. This should at least be mentioned in this article, even if it is treated as a separate Wikipedia entry." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.176.105.138 (talk) 15:53, 20 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Unless we have reliable sources discussing this, it is trivial. Virtually everything is a homeopathic "remedy" for something: caffeine for sleeplessness, nux vomica for nausea, etc. Yeah, we get it: homeopathy believes that a vanishingly small bit of something that causes the symptom will cure the unrelated underlying problem. That is off-topic here. Adding this nonsense to every conceivable page would be a waste of time. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 17:21, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

Taste
Is there a taste to it? If so, what does it taste like? Is it foul? Delicious?

 * It does not taste good. Dark oil that gives a thick coating to your mouth. No matter what you think about it not working, give it time and stay near a bathroom. Also, drink the two glasses of water that it says to. The fluid will mix with the food in your belly and make it easier to expel. Do not do this to lose weight! The rest of your day is wrecked and you won't know if you will have to go again after you think you are done till it's to late. Consult a doctor if you think you need to use this product before you do. It is not something to joke about either.  Don't know if you have seen the movie "Stand By Me", if not expect explosive results.  If you ever have to try this even once you will never want to again, and don't unless you have too.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.254.34.202 (talk) 02:48, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Remove stub tag?
I'm not sure that there is much more that can really be added to this article; suggest removing the "stub" tag. Thoughts?DC 16:22, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, removed tag Mr Bungle 04:41, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

What would happen if you simply didn't vomit?
Is the syrup itself harmful? Is it something you MUST get out of your system via vomiting, or else? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.21.221 (talk) 00:39, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

 * No. On the pack, it says "Administer again if vomiting hasnt been achieved for twenty minutes." - Blammo77 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Blammo77 (talk • contribs) 05:45, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Very wrong. As the article states, Ipecac itself it a poison, it's just that it's impossible pretty much NOT to vomit when you take enough of it, so you don't absorb much, if any, and if you did overdose, the chances are you probably would vomit up enough that you'd be ok, but technically you can overdose on it, and it is dangerous. Just adding this for anyone reading in future, as I know this question is years old and I am necromancing. 213.104.15.98 (talk) 20:51, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

"Dosage" section
I've taken out the "Dosage" section - I was going to put a "how-to" tag on it, but I've realized that it doesn't add anything to the article. At best, it's a "historical" dosage, since the medicine's not widely used anymore and can be harmful. At worst, it's extraneous material and potentially dangerous how-to content. Graymornings (talk) 02:23, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * i have a bottle that expired back in 1988. its a small bottle and says 1 table spoon and 2 large glasses of water. to try again if no results in 20 min. if you have done it and nothing happen give it more time. do not use this unless told to by a doctor or with a doctor. it can be harmful, makeing your heart race and other effects.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.254.34.202 (talk) 02:56, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Until early C20?
I worked in a pharmacy until six months ago and old-style expectorants still contained ipecac (Boots Honey and Lemon with Ipecac). Is it reasonable to update this to early C21, or just up to present? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.133.0.8 (talk) 14:23, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

trowing up
it causes Liver and kidney disease; and Cardiac arrest are not speculation. the continues abuse of this substance will kill u, and it's not maybe. Markthemac (talk) 04:50, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Bulemia
Bulemia is a eating disorder were purging occurs, I agree. However, purging is also a manifestation of anorexia nervosa. So perhaps it would be more appropriate to say "induce vomiting in eating disorders" rather than just writing bulemia.

AriaNo11 (talk) 13:15, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

In popular culture section
I removed this section because I really don't think it helps the article to document where this happens to pop up. I suggest everyone please remember that this should be encyclopedic. Nicholasm79 (talk) 03:13, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but its use in Family Guy's infamous "Who wants chowder" sequence is a vivid (if slightly exaggerated?) illustration of the misuse of the syrup. 70.72.211.35 (talk) 17:34, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but no independent reliable sources seem to have noted this. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 21:56, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Syrup of ipecac


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 July 24

Category:Norwegian Viceroys

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 12:02, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

This category is empty and should be deleted. I don't think the category is a good idea, seeing as the position of Viceroy of Norway was not historically significant. Only three different crown princes would populate the category. Punkmorten 20:26, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, although according to the article, it would be 5 articles — that still isn't enough for a category. The 5 are already mentioned in Viceroy of Norway, and the 2 of the 3 that have articles already have it mentioned there too. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Empty.  --Kbdank71 16:33, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not enough material (while Norway have (briefly) been ruled by a viceroy 5 times only 3 people have held the office) and no potential for growth (office no longer exists, these days a regent is apointed when the reighning monarch is indisposed). --Sherool 19:15, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously. Punkmorten 12:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Accounting-related stubs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was moved to WP:SFD --Kbdank71 12:04, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Redundant with Category: Accounting stubs which follows the format of all the other stub categories. I am in process of adding accounting stubs to the later category. Please be patient :) Renata3 18:42, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * To SfD, I think. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no stub-template asosiated with this category, it's empty and un-used as far as I can tell. Delete, unless SfD also deals with orphanded stub categories. --Sherool 19:26, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It does, and should be taken there. If it's a template or category relating to stubs, orphaned or not, it gets dealt with by sfd. Grutness...  wha?  23:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In that case I withdraw my previous vote, and agree it should be sent to SfD. --Sherool 23:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not in CFD scope per discussion above. Courtland 00:19, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved to SFD. Grutness...  wha?  11:17, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:News trade stubs

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was moved to WP:SFD --Kbdank71 12:06, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

"News trade" is a little-used term at best. The general "News trade" category and template have already been deleted. The article has been redirected, I think to "News media". Maurreen 07:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC) (Forgot to sign here earlier.)
 * Delete. Maurreen 18:04, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * To SfD I think. If not then delete. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not within the scope of CFD - to SFD with it. Grutness...  wha?  23:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not in CFD scope, in agreement with User:Grutness Courtland 00:17, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved to SFD. Grutness...  wha?  11:17, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Soundtrack composers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge --Kbdank71 12:07, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Delete and move non-replicated content into the larger category Category:Film score composers. JW 12:09, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Delete per User:Splash's right thinking on the wording. This sounds quite reasonable. Courtland 15:13, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Category:Film score composers, which is what I think the nominator means, since merge implies deletion in CfD. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Sim games

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus (keep) --Kbdank71 12:09, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Category:Sim games is a redirected category to Category:Maxis Sim games, now redundant to the latter. ? 25 ring-a-ding 08:45, 24 July 2005 (UTC) ?
 * Keep, as it will only be recreated otherwise. However, in present implementation, categories cannot be redirected, so I've changed it over to a soft-redirect which will discourage recreation. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Toupee Wearers and Hair Transplants

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 12:10, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Now I know that people want to implement a category for absolutely everything. Two possible approaches here: delete as unnecessary, or rename to be consistent with proper capitalization rules (ie. only "Toupee" should be capitalized). My own preference is for the delete, but if people feel strongly that it's worth keeping then I'll settle for the rename. Bearcat 07:18, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete, this is patently ridiculous. Radiant_ >|< 07:52, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "People want to implement a category for absolutely everything." Agreed I do. --Genocide2st 16:04, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Pavel Vozenilek 00:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. What's next? A cat for people who wear baseball caps? RedWolf 05:27, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-encyclopedic. -Splash 15:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as soon as I create Category:People want to implement a category for absolutely everything. --Kbdank71 16:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. What about Toupee's made with a tattoo.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  16:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep, I will rename this category as soon as possible. BTW this category has to do with celebrities only that wear toupees or have had a hair transplant. It should be kept for trivial purposes. Special:Contributions/68.46.186.13
 * Delete along with the new category Category:Toupee wearers and Hair Transplants

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Leonard Cohen

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --Kbdank71 12:11, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

I think this could be merged with Category:Leonard Cohen albums. It's just an unneeded category. --Matjlav 19:50, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd have to disagree. Several of the articles filed in Category:Leonard Cohen are books (eg. Beautiful Losers), others are people (eg. Sharon Robinson) whose careers have been closely associated with his, and still others are tribute albums (eg. I'm Your Fan) of Cohen's songs covered by other artists (which can't legitimately be filed under Category:Leonard Cohen albums, since Cohen isn't the credited performer). The categories clearly serve two distinct purposes, which is clearly necessary for someone who's been notable in two significantly different fields of artistic endeavour. Keep. Bearcat 01:42, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I agree with Bearcat--Hooperbloob 03:42, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Bearcat. Double Blue  (Talk) 04:36, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Bearcat. •Zhatt•  04:52, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above --Simon.Pole 05:33, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep CalJW 21:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Agreed, etc. CJCurrie 02:55, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Keep. Worth remembering that Cohen was a published poet before he became a songwriter. Grutness...  wha?  11:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Shark Skin Man and Peach Hip Girl

Shark Skin Man and Peach Hip Girl (鮫肌男と桃尻女) is a 1999 Japanese film directed by Katsuhito Ishii and starring Tadanobu Asano. It is based on a manga of the same name by Minetaro Mochizuki which was originally serialized in Mister Magazine circa 1993 under the title "Daisharin" (Big Wheel). The current title was adopted when the comic was published as its own book.

Plot
Kuroo Samehada (Tadanobu Asano), a yakuza soldier, is on the run for his life after stealing from his boss Tanuki Fukuda (Ittoku Kishibe). During a chase through a forest, Tanuki's car is struck by a SUV. Enter Toshiko Momojiri (Shie Kohinata), who is also on the run. She is trying to escape her twisted uncle Michio Sonezaki (Yohachi Shimida), who manages the hotel where she works and who has developed a controlling sexual obsession with her. During the crash Toshiko is knocked unconscious, and Samehada is able to escape with Toshiko in tow.

The couple are then chased across Japan by a large cast of gun crazy, deadpan gang members dressed in over-the-top, high-end fashion. They are also being followed by Yamada, an amateur hit man, who was hired by Michio to bring Toshiko back.

Cast

 * Tadanobu Asano as Kuroo Samehada
 * Shie Kohinata as Toshiko Momojiri
 * Ittoku Kishibe as Tanuki Fukuda
 * Susumu Terajima as Sawada
 * Kimie Shingyoji as Mitsuko Fukuda
 * Youhachi Shimada as Michio Sonezaki
 * Tatsuya Gashuin as Yamada
 * Shingo Tsurumi as Mitsuru Fukuda

The Yakuza hitmen

 * Daigaku Sekine as Sakaguchi
 * Koh Takasugi as Sorimachi
 * Shingoro Yamada as Taniguchi
 * Hitoshi Kiyokawa as Maruo
 * Yoji Tanaka as Asahina
 * Keisuke Horibe as Inuzuka
 * Yoshiyuki Morishita as Hidari
 * Kanji Tsuda as Fukazume

Release
The film was shown at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival.

title: Shark Skin Man and Peach Hip Girl


text: User talk:68.36.85.131

title: User talk:68.36.85.131


text: Category:Museums in Louisiana

title: Category:Museums in Louisiana


text:
Taylor v. Standard Gas & Electric Co.

Taylor v. Standard Gas and Electric Company, 306 U.S. 307 (1939), was an important United States Supreme Court case in United States corporate law that laid down the "Deep Rock doctrine" as a rule of bankruptcy and corporate law. This holds that claims, as creditors, upon an insolvent subsidiary company by controlling shareholders or other insiders, like managers or directors, will be subordinated to the claims of all other creditors.

Facts
The Deep Rock Oil Corporation was an undercapitalized subsidiary of the defendant Standard Gas Company.

Judgment
The Supreme Court held that, where a subsidiary corporation declares bankruptcy and an insider or controlling shareholder of that subsidiary corporation asserts claims as a creditor against the subsidiary, loans made by the insider to the subsidiary corporation may be deemed to receive the same treatment as shares of stock owned by the insider.

Therefore, the insider's claims will be subordinated to the claims of all other creditors, i.e. other creditors will be paid first, and if there is nothing left after other creditors are paid then the insider gets nothing. This also applies (and indeed the doctrine was first established) where a parent company asserts such claims against its own subsidiary.

The doctrine will be applied where equity requires, particularly where the subsidiary was undercapitalized at the time that it was established, and can thereby be shown to have been mismanaged for the parent corporation's benefit.

title: Taylor v. Standard Gas & Electric Co.


text:
Dropped (Mind Funk album)

Dropped is the second studio album by American rock band Mind Funk. The title is a reference to the loss of their recording contract with Epic Records prior to recording the album.

Production
The band was about to start recording sessions for the album when they were informed that Epic Records had dropped them. Producer Terry Date encouraged the band to stay together, record the album in Seattle, and use a cheaper and more live recording style.

Critical reception
Trouser Press called the album "competent and tasteful but undistinguished", writing that "[guitarists] Everman and Svitek whip up smartly modulated guitar noise bolstered by a strong, slightly stiff rhythm section and functional tunes." The Washington Post wrote: "Boasting an effectively off-kilter weave of standard-issue grunge and unexpected psychedelic flourishes, Dropped is equal parts trippy impressionism ('11 Ton Butterfly') and brooding introspection ('Drowning')." The Tampa Bay Times wrote that the band "musters enough intensity to overcome its shortcomings in the originality department."

Track listing

 * 1) "Goddess"– 5:17
 * 2) "Closer"– 5:31
 * 3) "Drowning"– 6:32
 * 4) "In the Way Eye"– 5:40
 * 5) "Zootiehead"– 4:14
 * 6) "Wisteria"– 7:01
 * 7) "Mama, Moses and Me"– 4:31
 * 8) "11 Ton Butterfly"– 6:30
 * 9) "Hogwallow"– 4:58
 * 10) "Billygoat"– 5:16
 * 11) "Hollow" 8:36

Personnel

 * Patrick Dubar – lead vocals
 * Louis Svitek – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Jason Everman – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * John Monte – bass, backing vocals
 * Shawn Johnson – drums
 * Terry Date – producer

title: Dropped (Mind Funk album)


text:
United States Equestrian Federation

The United States Equestrian Federation (USEF or US Equestrian) is the national governing body for most equestrian sports in the United States. It also recruits, trains, and governs American teams in international equestrian competition at the Olympics and other competitions governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI).

In 1917 the Association of American Horse Shows' was established, later changing its name to the American Horse Shows Association (AHSA) in 1933 and then to USA Equestrian (USAE) in 2001. In 2003, the association reincorporated as the United States Equestrian Federation. Today the organization governs nationally-recognized competitions for several horse breeds and multiple equestrianism disciplines.

As the result of a 2004 settlement with the United States Olympic Committee, the USEF became the national governing body for equestrian sport. In turn, the United States Equestrian Team (USET) which had previously managed international equestrian matters for the United States, became a charitable foundation to support the USEF’s “high-performance programs and Olympic and Paralympic efforts.”

Overview
Competitions in the United States governed by US Equestrian include dressage, driving, endurance riding, eventing, hunt seat equitation, hunter, jumper, para-equestrian, polo, roadster, saddle seat equitation, vaulting, and western competition including equitation, western pleasure, reining, trail, western dressage, and related events. The organization also governs breed shows held in the United States for the Andalusian, Lusitano, Arabian, Half-Arabian/Anglo-Arabian, Connemara, Friesian, Hackney, Morgan, American Saddlebred, National Show Horse, Paso Fino, Shetland, and Welsh breeds.

US Equestrian keeps track of yearly points accumulated at individual horse shows throughout the year and gives awards based on these points at the end of the year. Horse shows governed under the USEF are given an AA, A, B, or C rating. Shows with an AA rating are the most prestigious and often offer the most prize money, whereas shows with a C rating are more local, usually awarding less prize money. Competitions recognized by the USEF must follow its rules and bylaws.

Governing bodies working under the USEF include:
 * United States Hunter/Jumper Association (USHJA)
 * United States Dressage Federation (USDF)
 * United States Eventing Association (USEA)

For international competition, the USEF selects and trains the teams that compete in the Olympic sports of dressage, eventing and show jumping as well as internationally recognized competitions in combined driving, endurance riding, equestrian vaulting, reining, and para-equestrian.

Predecessors
On January 20, 1917, representatives of some fifty horse shows met in Manhattan under the leadership of Reginald C. Vanderbilt. Their intention was to unite in order to assure clean competition in the show ring. They formed the Association of American Horse Shows, which by its first annual meeting on January 29, 1918, included the organizers of 26 well-known horse shows. The association incorporated in June 1918. Membership grew to list 35 member shows in 1919, and 67 shows by 1924. By the time of Vanderbilt's death in 1925, the organization had enrolled almost 70 shows as members of the organization.

Alfred B. Maclay was the next individual elected president. Early in his term, in 1927, the association printed its first set of rules, consisting of a six-page pamphlet. The rules were revised continually and have been added to throughout the history of the association. When Maclay's term ended in 1936, membership included 183 shows.

Maclay was followed by Pierre Lorillard as president. He served a year before Adrian Van Sinderen was elected. Under Van Sinderen, the office was relocated to 90 Broad Street in Manhattan. By the end of Van Sinderen's tenure in 1960, the rule book had grown to one hundred and sixty-eight pages.

The need for show stewards, representatives of the association to be present at and report on recognized shows, was recognized in the minutes of a 1930 executive committee meeting. It was not until the 1948 rule book that stewards were written in, and not until the 1960 rule book that licensing of stewards was in place and the association began sending licensed stewards to each affiliated show to report and verify that the show was following the association's rules.

In February 1933 the original name, the Association of American Horse Shows, Inc., was changed to the American Horse Shows Association, Inc. At the same meeting, individual members were recognized in addition to show members. By 1935, AHSA membership had grown to include 183 members and shows. In 1937, the new rule book reflected the growth of the association by dividing the United States into five zones, each with a vice president and a five-member regional committee. In 1939, the association began publication of the monthly magazine, Horse Show, with an initial circulation of 1,200 copies. By this time there were 187 recognized shows, and 800 individual members.

In 1999, the association moved from its Manhattan office to the Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky, and in 2001, AHSA changed its name to USA Equestrian (USAE), stating the new name more effectively represented the organization's role in governance of equestrian sport. At that time, the organization had over 80,000 individual members. There were more than 2,700 member competitions, 100 affiliate organizations, and 26 breeds and disciplines were recognized.

International competition
In 1935, an AHSA committee reported on their investigation of the transfer of control of the United States' membership in the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) membership from the United States Cavalry Association to the AHSA. The transfer of membership took place after the 1936 Summer Olympics, and after that, in the United States, the FEI rules applied only to international military classes. .

Parallel to the AHSA and its successor organizations, the United States Equestrian Team was created in 1950. First called the International Equestrian Competition Corporation, it was “to select, train, equip and finance our nation’s international equestrian representation with special emphasis on the North American fall circuit of international shows and the 1952 Olympic Games.” It continued to be the organization that handled matters related to international equestrian competition until 2003, when it became a foundation that raised money to support American competitors in international equestrian sport.

United States Equestrian Federation
At the time the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 passed, the AHSA and the United States Equestrian Team (USET) each handled some but not all of the duties of a national governing body (NGB) for equestrian sport. After the 1998 revisions to the act, matters came to a head. In 1999, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) mandated that there could only be one NGB for equestrian sport and it was to govern both national events as well as American participation at the Olympic and international level. The USOC filed a legal challenge in August 2000. In 2003, a settlement was agreed to by the AHSA and the USET and ratified in 2004, creating one national governing body. The USET as an organization became the United States Equestrian Team Foundation, a philanthropic partner focused on fundraising to support “high-performance programs” and Olympic and Paralympic efforts.

In 2003, USA Equestrian restructured to take on the work previously handled by the United States Equestrian Team (USET) as a national governing body and became the United States Equestrian Federation. The new USEF was incorporated in New York on March 27, 2003.

In 2017, USEF rebranded as US Equestrian. Under then-president and former Lorillard Tobacco Company executive, Murray Kessler, a longtime horse owner and amateur competitor whose daughter had ridden on the 2012 Olympic team. Kessler implemented a new strategic plan for the organization and served until 2020. In this time period, USEF outsourced its laboratory services to the University of Kentucky and opened a new headquarters building. Membership, which had been stagnant at about 80,000 members, expanded to allow “fan” members to join. By 2020, membership rose to 87,000 regular members and 100,000 fan members. There were 81,000 horses competing in over 2,300 shows nationwide. In addition, USEF implemented SafeSport protocols and training requirements.

The USEF now has two sets of duties. It trains, selects, and funds the United States Equestrian Teams that compete in international competition, and also develops and enforces rules for U.S. competition for various breeds and disciplines.

title: United States Equestrian Federation


text:
NASA Astronaut Group 3

NASA Astronaut Group 3—"The Fourteen"—was a group of fourteen astronauts selected by NASA for the Gemini and Apollo program. Their selection was announced in October 1963. Seven were from the United States Air Force, four from the United States Navy, one was from the United States Marine Corps and two were civilians. Four died in training accidents before they could fly in space. All of the surviving ten flew Apollo missions; five also flew Gemini missions. Buzz Aldrin, Alan Bean, Gene Cernan and David Scott walked on the Moon.

Group 3 was the first to waive the requirement of a test pilot background, though military jet fighter aircraft experience was substituted. This applied to Buzz Aldrin, Bill Anders, Gene Cernan, Roger Chaffee, Walter Cunningham and Rusty Schweickart; all the others were test pilots. On average, its members were younger, slightly taller and heavier than the previous two groups, and better educated.

Background
The launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, started a Cold War technological and ideological competition with the United States known as the Space Race. The demonstration of American technological inferiority came as a profound shock to the American public. In response to the Sputnik crisis, the U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower created a new civilian agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), to oversee an American space program. The Space Task Group (STG) at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, created an American spaceflight project called Project Mercury, which aimed to send a person to space and then into orbit. The selection of the first astronauts, known as the "Original Seven" or "Mercury Seven", was announced on April 9, 1959.

By 1961, although it was yet to launch a person into space, the STG was confident that Project Mercury had overcome its initial setbacks, and the United States had overtaken the Soviet Union as the most advanced nation in space technology. The STG began considering Mercury Mark II, a two-person successor to the original Mercury spacecraft. This confidence was shattered on April 12, 1961, when the Soviet Union launched Vostok 1, and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to orbit the Earth. In response, President John F. Kennedy announced a far more ambitious goal on May 25, 1961: to put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. This already had a name: Project Apollo. The two-person Mercury II spacecraft concept was officially named Project Gemini on January 3, 1962. On April 18, 1962, NASA formally announced that it was accepting applications for a second group of astronauts who would assist the Mercury astronauts with Project Mercury, and join them in flying Project Gemini missions. It was anticipated that they might go on to command Project Apollo missions. Nine candidates, known as the "Next Nine", were selected, and their names were publicly announced on September 17, 1962.

By May 1963, while there were enough astronauts for the needs of Project Gemini, the schedule for Project Apollo called for four crewed Earth-orbit missions launched by Saturn I rockets in 1965; between two and four launched by Saturn IB rockets in 1966; and six or more Earth-orbit and lunar-orbit missions launched by Saturn V rockets, commencing in 1967. On that schedule, the NASA Chief of the Astronaut Office, grounded Mercury Seven astronaut Deke Slayton, could foresee a shortage of astronauts, although he doubted so many flights would actually be flown. Moreover, by mid-1963, three Mercury Seven astronauts—Scott Carpenter, John Glenn and himself—were no longer flying, leaving thirteen active astronauts. On that basis, he calculated an attrition rate of about ten percent per year. It followed that Project Apollo might require another ten to twenty astronauts. On June 5, 1963, NASA announced that it would be recruiting ten to fifteen new astronauts. Civilian applications had to be submitted by July 1, 1963; military ones were due by July 15, to give the services time to pre-screen their applicants.

Selection criteria
The selection criteria were similar to those for the Next Nine, except that the minimum flight hours was lowered to 1,000, with test pilot qualification no longer required, and the maximum age was lowered to 34. The key criteria were that candidates were:
 * U.S. citizens;
 * aged less than 34 on June 30, 1963;
 * 6 ft or less in height;
 * with a degree in engineering or the physical sciences;
 * were experienced test pilots, or with 1,000 hours jet pilot flying time; and
 * recommended by employer.

Selection process
A selection panel was established, consisting of Mercury Seven astronauts Deke Slayton, Alan Shepard, Wally Schirra and John Glenn, and NASA test pilot Warren J. North, the chief of the Flight Crew Operations. By the deadlines, 720 applications were received, of which 492 were from military personnel and 228 were from civilians. Of these, 490 were considered eligible, and 136 were selected for screening. The selection panel considered the applications between July 17 and 20, and picked the top 34 for further examination.

They were sent to Brooks Air Force Base for medical examinations between July 31 and August 15. Candidates were relieved that "we were not subjected to the indignities endured by the original seven." Tests included cardiograms, running on treadmills, electrocephalograms, and blood sugar tests. Hypoxia tests were carried out to see how they reacted to a loss of oxygen, they were spun about in darkened rooms to test their resistance to motion sickness, and ice water was poured into one ear to test how the inner ears reacted to such an imbalance. Psychological tests included being given a blank sheet of white paper and asked what it depicted. Michael Collins, one of the few who had been through the process in 1962, said it was of polar bears having sex in the snow. Six candidates were eliminated on medical grounds.

The final stage of the selection process were interviews by the selection panel, which were conducted at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston between September 2 and 7. Collins felt that the interview was easier the second time around. The panellists were no longer strangers, the questions they asked were no longer unpredictable, and he had the benefit of having attended the United States Air Force (USAF) Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS). He recalled that "even Deke Slayton and Warren North seem to have mellowed a bit". Slayton had developed a points system for assessing the candidates. Ten points each were allocated to academics, pilot performance, and character and motivation, for a possible score of thirty points.

Slayton then took thirteen names to a meeting chaired by the MSC director, Robert R. Gilruth. Maxime Faget, his director of engineering and development, had an objection: thirteen was an unlucky number. So Slayton added the next candidate, Walter Cunningham, to the list. The successful candidates received phone calls from Slayton; unsuccessful ones got calls from North or Jack G. Cairl from NASA public relations. Four of the unsuccessful finalists would later become NASA astronauts in the NASA Astronaut Group 5 in 1966: Vance Brand, Ronald Evans, James Irwin and Jack Swigert. Another finalist, Michael J. Adams, would be posthumously awarded his Astronaut Wings for X-15 Flight 3-65-97. Besides Adams, two other finalists later died in aircraft accidents: Alexander Kratz Rupp on June 11, 1965, and Darrell Cornell on October 10, 1984. Finalist John D. Yamnicky was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77, and was killed when it crashed into the Pentagon during the September 11 attacks. The official announcement of the astronaut selection was made at a press conference at the MSC in Houston on October 18. The new astronauts became known as "The Fourteen".

Demographics
Seven of the Fourteen were from the USAF: Major Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin and Captains William Anders, Charles Bassett, Michael Collins, Donn Eisele, Theodore Freeman and David Scott. Four were from the United States Navy: Lieutenant Commander Richard Gordon and Lieutenants Alan Bean, Gene Cernan and Roger Chaffee. Captain Clifton (C.C.) Williams was from the United States Marine Corps. There were two civilians: Walter Cunningham, who was a captain in the Marine Corps Reserve; and Russell (Rusty) Schweickart, who was a captain in the Massachusetts Air National Guard. "In retrospect," Collins noted, "we were in the same tradition as the previous two groups, despite the press's natural tendency to highlight differences."

All were married except for Williams, who became the first bachelor astronaut. Their average age at the time of selection was 31, compared with 34.5 for the Mercury Seven and 32.5 for the Next Nine. They were slightly taller, at 70.1 in, compared with 69.79 in for the Seven and 69.94 in for the Nine. Their average weight was higher too: 162 lb compared to 159 lb for the Seven and 161.5 lb for the Nine. Flying time was lower; whereas the Seven had averaged 3,500 hours, of which 1,700 was in jets, and the Nine had averaged 2,800 hours with 1,900 in jets, the Fourteen had an average of 2,300 hours, with 1,800 in jets. Educational achievement was a major differentiator. While six of the Nine had bachelor's degrees, and three had master's degrees, just six of the Fourteen had only bachelor's degrees, and three of them were working on their master's; seven already had master's degrees, Cunningham was working on his doctorate, and Buzz Aldrin had a Doctor of Science degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

All were male and white. President John F. Kennedy was disturbed at the lingering discrimination against African Americans in particular in the armed services, and in 1962 he brought pressure to bear on the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General Curtis LeMay to nominate an African-American astronaut candidate. The USAF selected Captain Edward J. Dwight Jr., a B-57 pilot with 2,000 hours in high-performance jets, an aeronautical engineering degree from Arizona State University, and outstanding performance reviews, for training at the USAF Test Pilot School. Dwight graduated with Class 62-C in April 1963. He was the third African American to attend, after John L. Whitehead Jr., who had graduated in 1958, and Joseph C. Watts, a civilian, in 1960. The fourth would be Robert Henry Lawrence Jr. in 1966; by 1984, six had graduated.

Dwight then applied for the ARPS, and Robert F. Kennedy told LeMay to ensure that he was accepted. The commandant, Colonel Chuck Yeager, protested, saying that there were other pilots that had been rated higher than Dwight. All were accepted, so Class IV had fourteen members instead of the usual eight. "Why in hell would a colored guy want to go into space anyway?" Yeager asked, adding: "And if it was left to me, you guys wouldn't even get a chance to wear an Air Force uniform." Dwight was ranked eighth in his class. Along with the seven ahead of him, Dwight was recommended by the USAF for NASA astronaut training in July 1963. Dwight was not one of the final candidates, although classmates Scott and Freeman were.

Training
The fourteen were given classroom instruction, which Collins felt was useful "to bridge the gap between aeronautics and astronautics, to minimize the technological shock we might otherwise experience". The 240-hour course covered astronomy (12 hours), aerodynamics (8 hours), rockets (12 hours), communications (8 hours), space medicine (12 hours), meteorology (5 hours), upper atmospheric physics (12 hours), navigation (34 hours), orbital mechanics (40 hours), computers (36 hours) and geology (58 hours).

The geology classes were a special case, as they were for all astronauts, not just the fourteen. The training in geology included field trips to the Grand Canyon and Meteor Crater in Arizona, Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, Horse Lava Tube System in Bend, Oregon, and the ash flow in the Marathon Uplift in Texas. There was also jungle survival training for the Fourteen in Panama, and desert survival training around Reno, Nevada. Water survival training was conducted at Naval Air Station Pensacola using the Dilbert Dunker.

As the Mercury Seven and the Next Nine had done, each of the fourteen was given an individual area in which to develop expertise that could be shared with the others, and to provide astronaut input to designers and engineers: Aldrin was given mission planning; Anders, environment controls; Bassett, training and simulators; Bean, recovery systems; Cernan, spacecraft propulsion and the Agena; Chaffee, communications; Collins, pressure suits and extravehicular activity; Cunningham, non-flight experiments; Eisele, attitude controls; Freeman, boosters; Gordon, cockpit controls; Schweickart, in-flight experiments; Scott, guidance and navigation; and Williams, range operations and crew safety.

The fourteen were divided between two branches. The Apollo branch was headed by Mercury Seven astronaut Gordon Cooper. It included Pete Conrad from the Nine, and Anders, Cernan, Chaffee, Cunningham, Eisele, Freeman, Gordon and Schweickart from the fourteen. The operations branch was headed by Nine astronaut Neil Armstrong. Assigned to it were Elliot See from the Nine, and Aldrin, Bassett, Bean, Collins, Scott and Williams from the Fourteen.

Legacy
The Fourteen suffered a high death rate. Bassett, Freeman and Williams were killed in T-38 crashes, and Chaffee in the Apollo 1 fire, before they had a chance to fly in space. All the rest flew at least once; Aldrin, Bean, Collins and Gordon flew twice, and Cernan and Scott flew three times. Aldrin, Anders, Bean, Cernan, Collins, Gordon and Scott flew to the Moon (Cernan twice), and Aldrin, Bean, Cernan and Scott walked on it.

title: NASA Astronaut Group 3


text:
The Forsaken (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"The Forsaken" is the 17th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy, in orbit of the planet Bajor. In this episode, Dr. Julian Bashir is assigned "babysitting" duty for four visiting ambassadors, Chief Miles O'Brien deals with an alien computer program downloaded from a probe, and Odo copes with a deeply infatuated Lwaxana Troi.

This episode aired in broadcast syndication on May 24, 1993.

Casting
This episode cast Majel Barrett as the flirtatious Ambassador Troi (Lwaxana Troi), a character previously established on Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the mother of Deanna Troi (aka Counselor Troi). Majel Barrett was cast in many Star Trek shows, including the 1960s pilot, the original series (as nurse Christine Chapel), and as the voice of the ships computer in multiple shows.

Other guest stars include Constance Towers, Michael Ensign, Jack Shearer, and Benita Andre.

Plot
Deep Space Nine is host to a delegation of Federation ambassadors, and Commander Benjamin Sisko gives Bashir the "honor" of welcoming them to the station. While Bashir struggles to please the other three dignitaries, Ambassador Lwaxana Troi exclaims that someone has stolen her brooch. Odo apprehends the thief, and Lwaxana is instantly infatuated with the Constable.

Later, Lwaxana comes to Odo's office to flirt with him. Odo is uncomfortable with her attention, and escapes on a pretext. In Sisko's office, Odo asks for advice on how to deal with Lwaxana's aggressive behavior, but Sisko is amused and offers no help.

Meanwhile, a mysterious probe-like vessel comes through the Wormhole. Dax and O'Brien attempt to analyze it, downloading its software to Deep Space Nine.

As Lwaxana follows Odo into a turbolift, he tries to rebuff her by telling her that he must revert to a liquid every sixteen hours, but she is undeterred. A system failure strands them together in the turbolift. As Lwaxana talks to keep her mind off the danger, Odo grows less hostile toward her, and soon opens up to her about his past. He is in severe discomfort, as he will soon need to revert to his liquid state.

While trying to repair the station's systems, O'Brien discovers that the computer is less hostile to him than usual, but it seems to break down whenever he is away from it. Dax and Kira infer that the information downloaded from the alien probe is a non-sentient life form, which has attached itself to O'Brien like a puppy.

The crew attempt to transfer the alien life form's files off the station, but something goes awry and a plasma surge creates a fire that endangers Bashir and the ambassadors. O'Brien finally decides to build a "doghouse" within the computer for their little lost "puppy." Containing it solves their problems.

Meanwhile, in the turbolift, Odo begins to lose control of his form. Lwaxana tries to be supportive, but he turns away and says no one has ever seen him this way. She takes off her wig and tells him no one has ever seen her that way either. As they bond over their shared moment of vulnerability, she lets Odo "melt" into her lap.

Bashir saves the ambassadors from the fire by hiding in a crawlspace. Upon emerging, they call him a hero. Odo and Lwaxana are rescued from the turbolift with a newfound appreciation for each other's company. Sisko agrees to allow O’Brien to “keep the puppy.”

Reception
Reviewing the episode for The A.V. Club, Zack Handlen wrote: "In her way, Lwaxana is as much a misfit as Odo, whether by her choosing, or else by some fundamental aspect of her personality that drives her to make her choices. At the end of the episode, Lwaxana flirts one last time before walking off, and for once, the sight didn't make me flinch. She may not be the easiest person in the world to deal with, but some people are worth the effort." In 2013, Keith DeCandido gave the episode a rating of 6 out of 10 for Tor.com, writing: "The corridor explodes, everyone panics, we don't know what's happened, and then we find out that Bashir got them into a crawlway, and apparently they bonded while trapped in there, because they're all friends now. I would rather have been shown that than told it. (Although the look on Kira's face when she realizes that Bashir saved the day is priceless, and a particularly good example of how great Nana Visitor is with facial expressions.)"

In 2019, Io9 noted "The Forsaken" for pairing the characters Odo and Lwaxana.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Le syndicat

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Hedley 01:12, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Le syndicat
Delete, this is a subsubsubstub, and it is incredibly difficult to work out anything about the band, except that allmusic.com hasn't heard of them. This might be speediable as no context. -Splash 02:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Cursory research (Google) lists (le Syndicat) as an individual, not a band. Could be similarly named artists. The individual goes by Le Syndicat or alternately Le Syndicat Electronique. He seems to have dozens of releases, although, my research indicates he began as "Le Syndicat" in 1997, not 1983 as is indicated in the article. Lots and lots and lots of material on this one. Heres an example I make take a crack at it myself, even though I usually only listen to Inuit Ulluation music. If anybody thinks its worthwhile, I'll do the edit. Muah! Hamster Sandwich 05:42, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no attempt to establish notability and no Allmusic page. --TheMidnighters 08:30, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless notability of THIS Le syndicat established. -- Etacar11   23:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band. JamesBurns 06:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Nicolay

Nicolay may refer to:

 * Nicolay (musician), Dutch musician
 * Nicolay de Caveri, Genoese cartographer
 * Nicolay (family), an influential French family in the 15th to 18th centuries

People with surname Nicolay:

 * Christian Nicolay (born 1976), German javelin thrower
 * Franz Nicolay, American musician and composer
 * Jean Nicolay (born 1937), former Belgian football goalkeeper
 * John George Nicolay (1832—1901), American biographer and secretary of Abraham Lincoln
 * Louis Nicolay, Belgian sports delegate
 * Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay (1737–1820), Russian-German poet, librarian, and president of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences
 * Mary Ann Nicolay (1850-1939) Matron, UK Nightingale Trainee and Boer War Nurse from Western Australia
 * William Nicolay (1771—1842), British soldier

title: Nicolay


text:
User:Jstar~enwiki

Hej

title: User:Jstar~enwiki


text: User talk:64.231.72.142

title: User talk:64.231.72.142


text:
Robert Nicoll

Robert Nicoll (7 January 1814 – 7 December 1837) was a Scottish poet and lyricist whose life, although short, left a lasting impact.

Life
Robert was born at the farm of Little Tullybeltane, in the parish of Auchtergaven, Perthshire. When Robert was five years old his father was reduced to poverty, and forced to work as a day labourer. His mother, Grace Fenwick, was able to compensate for his father's inability to give his son more than a slight education by teaching Robert and his siblings to read and write. Robert had eight siblings and he was the second son; however, his older brother died as a child, making him the oldest son. His mother, Grace, recalled that Robert was such a quick child, that he was speaking at nine months in the way of an eighteen-month-old child - a genius from the very beginning. At five years old, Robert was reading the New Testament. When the Nicoll family became extremely poor, Robert's mother did not have time to read, which was a great passion of hers. To entertain her while she was working or tending to the household, Robert would read books deemed appropriate for his age group. He studied under several teachers, most notably a Mr. Marshall, who died young. Hearing of his death, Robert wrote to his mother, lamenting, "In fine, he was a young man who has left few equals. I myself owe more to him than years can repay. I could read before I knew him, but he taught me to think." Another instructor, James Anderson of Tullybeltane was a poet himself.

At 16 the boy was apprenticed to a grocer and wine merchant at Perth. Nicoll is quoted in The Life of Robert Nicoll as stating, "to further my progress in life, I bound myself apprentice to Mrs. J. H. Robertson, wine-merchant and grocer in Perth. When I came to Perth, I bought Cobbett's English Grammar, and by constant study soon made myself master of it, and then commenced writing as before; and you know the result." Regardless of the barriers he faced, Robert pursued his academic journey, aware of the value of his intelligence even at the age of 16.

Literary career
In 1833 he began to contribute to Johnstone's Magazine (later Tait's Magazine), and in the next year, his apprenticeship was cancelled. He visited Edinburgh, and was kindly received there, but obtained no employment. However, in 1835, he published Poems and Lyrics with Edinburgh printer William Tait, which was dedicated to the popular Scottish author "Mrs. Johnstone" (Christian Isobel Johnstone). In critics' opinion, the best of Nicoll's lyrics are those written in the Scottish dialect. Due to this circumstance, and his precocity as a writer of verse and prose, Nicoll was often compared to fellow Scottish poet Robert Burns. One of Nicoll's most famous poems, featured in The Monthly Miscellany of Religion and Letters in 1840 is "God is Everywhere," which begins: After this publication, Nicolls opened a circulating library at Dundee, and in 1836 became editor of the Leeds Times. Additionally, he was a member of the provisional committee of the Leeds Working Men's Association and of the Leeds Radical Association. While in Dundee, he took on a work partner, a local tradesman who was also in desperate need of money. Robert realized that this partnership was a poor choice since the library business could barely sustain one person, let alone two. In 1836, Robert gave the business over to his partner completely. As he had left the business without gaining anything, his losses concerned his mother, who was in a great measure responsible for his ambitions.

In the midst of a frigid winter and worsening health, on 9 December 1836, Robert Nicoll married Alice Griffiths Suter (or Soutar), the niece of Mr. Peter Brown, editor of the Dundee Advertiser in Dundee. Though the marriage was happy, the couple were under immense financial stress to pay off Nicoll's debts, support themselves, and care for Alice's mother, Mrs. Suter, who came to live with them.

Illness and death
Espousing pronounced Radical opinions, Nicoll overtaxed his slender physical resources in electioneering work for Sir William Molesworth in the summer of 1837. Due to the stress and pure exhaustion of the election, he was obliged to resign his successful editorship due to his decreasing health. His final letter to his mother dated 13 September 1837 admits the severity of his illness and explains that he did not tell her because he knew it would keep her unsettled. His appetite lessened due to his medications, accelerating the conclusion of his prolonged decline. He died on December 7, 1837, at the house of his friend William Tait, at Trinity, near Edinburgh, after a long battle with an illness caused by stress, exhaustion and lack of proper appetite and rest.

In 1844, the second edition of Poems and Lyrics appeared with an anonymous memoir of the author by Christian Isobel Johnstone. An appreciation of Nicoll's character and his poetry was included in Charles Kingsley's article on Burns and his School in the North British Review for November 1851. In 1884, Peter Robert Drummond wrote a detailed autobiography entitled, Life of Robert Nicoll, Poet. The poem "We are Lowly" was set to music by Sophia Dobson Colett.

Works

 * Poems and Lyrics (1835)

title: Robert Nicoll


text:
Fort Jackson

Fort Jackson may refer to several places or things:

 * Fort Jackson (Alabama), also called Fort Toulouse, a War of 1812 fort
 * Fort Jackson (Colorado), a frontier trading post located near present-day Ione, Colorado
 * Fort Jackson, Louisiana, an American Civil War–era fort
 * Fort Jackson (Pennsylvania), a frontier and Revolutionary War fort in western Pennsylvania
 * Fort Jackson (South Carolina), a modern U.S. Army post
 * Fort Jackson (Virginia), an American Civil War–era fort that defended Washington, D.C.
 * Fort Jackson (Wisconsin), an American fort used during the Black Hawk War of 1832
 * Fort James Jackson, a War of 1812 fort that defended Savannah, Georgia
 * USS Fort Jackson, an American Civil War–era ship
 * Treaty of Fort Jackson, an 1814 treaty
 * Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, a battle in the American Civil War

title: Fort Jackson


text:
Detritus (geology)

Detritus (adj. detrital ) is particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through weathering and erosion. A fragment of detritus is called a clast. Detrital particles can consist of lithic fragments (particles of recognisable rock), or of monomineralic fragments (mineral grains). These particles are often transported through sedimentary processes into depositional systems such as riverbeds, lakes or the ocean, forming sedimentary successions. Diagenetic processes can transform these sediments into rock through cementation and lithification, forming sedimentary rocks such as sandstone. These rocks can then in turn again be weathered and eroded to form a second generation of sediment. Detrital grains commonly weather at different rates, according to the Goldich dissolution series, which dictates that early crystallizing minerals are less stable at the Earth's surface than late crystallizing minerals.

title: Detritus (geology)


text:
User:Meowwcat

AKA Cerebus Fangirl. Not to imply that I'm the only Cerebus Fangirl, I know there are a few of us out there. I've worked mainly on the Dave Sim and Cerebus pages. I plan on working on the Gerhard page in the near future. I'm also an ex-military police officer who served with the 10th Mountain Division and currently earning a living as a manufacturing engineer.

I'm also having fun adding pictures for the Boston Bruins players when they need one.

title: User:Meowwcat


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject U.S. Roads/Redirects/California

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text: User:Maylett

title: User:Maylett


text:
1939 Tour de France

The 1939 Tour de France was the 33rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 10 to 30 July. The total distance was 4224 km.

Taking place on the eve of World War II, there was already much animosity in Europe. Italy, Germany and Spain all declined to send teams to the race, so the 1938 Italian champion Gino Bartali would not be defending his title. To fill out the ranks, Belgium sent two teams, and France had five teams. This would be the final Tour for eight years, until 1947.

Between the second and the seventh stage, the last rider in the general classification was eliminated.

The race was won by Belgian Sylvère Maes who also won the mountains classification.

Innovations and changes
For the first time, a mountain time trial was scheduled: stage 16b. A rule was added to make it more difficult to finish the race: from the second stage to the seventh stage, the last rider in the classification was to be removed from the race.

The nutrition of the cyclists became more professional: cyclists were reporting that the use of vitamins increased their performance.

Teams
Because Italy, Germany and Spain did not send teams, the Tour organisation were short on participating cyclists. To solve this, they allowed Belgium to send two teams, and France to send four additional regional teams.

The French cyclists had been successful in the 1930s, but their Tour winners were absent in 1939: 1930 and 1932 winner André Leducq had retired in 1938, as had 1931 and 1934 winner Antonin Magne; 1933 winner Georges Speicher did not ride, and 1937 winner Roger Lapébie was injured. This all made the Belgian team favourite.

The teams entering the race were:

 * Belgium
 * Switzerland
 * Luxembourg
 * Netherlands
 * France
 * Belgium B
 * France North-East/Île de France
 * France West
 * France South-West
 * France South-East

Route and stages
The highest point of elevation in the race was 2770 m at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 16b.

Race overview
In the first stage, regional Amedée Fournier won the sprint of a group of nine cyclists, and was the first cyclist in 1939 to wear the yellow jersey. In the next stage, Romain Maes, who had finished in the same group as Fournier, won the time trial, and captured the lead. He lost it in the second part of that stage, when a group got away. Three regional riders were now on top of the general classification, led by Jean Fontenay.

René Vietto, leader of the regional South-East team, was in second place. In the fourth stage, Vietto got into the winning break, and took over the lead, closesly followed by Mathias Clemens on six seconds.

In the ninth stage, the single Pyrenees stage of 1939, Edward Vissers attacked instead of helping his team leader Sylvère Maes. Vissers won the stage, but Vietto was able to stay with Maes. Maes climbed to the second place in the general classification, three minutes behind Vietto.

Maes was able to win back a little time, and just before the Alps were climbed from stage 15 on, Vietto was still leading, with Maes still in second place, two minutes behind. Sylvère Maes attacked on that stage, and Vietto was not able to follow. Vietto finished 17 minutes behind Maes, and lost the lead. The next stage was split in three split stages. In the first part, Vietto was able to stay close to Maes, but in the second part, the individual mountain time trial, Maes won ten minutes on Vietto. Maes was now leading with a margin of 27 minutes, and the victory seemed secure.

In the last stages, Maes was able to extend his lead with a few more minutes. Maes became the winner, with a margin of more than half an hour.

Classification leadership and minor prizes
The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 79 cyclists that started the race, 49 finished.

For the mountains classification, 10 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. The mountains classification in 1939 was won by Sylvère Maes. The first cyclist to reach the top received 10 points, the second cyclist 9 points, and so on until the tenth cyclist who received 1 point.

The team classification was calculated in 1939 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. In 1939, there were ten teams of eight cyclists. There were the national teams of Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and France. Belgium also sent a second team, "Belgium B". Finally, there were four regional French teams: North-East, West, South-West and South-East. The South-West team was registered with eight cyclist, but only seven cyclists started the race. Only two of the South-West cyclists finished the race, so they were not in the team classification.

Aftermath
Although he did not win the race, René Vietto became a popular cyclist. He was the most popular runner-up in France until Raymond Poulidor.

The sales of the organising newspaper l'Auto had dropped to 164000, and the newspaper was sold to Raymond Patenôtre. A few months after Germany had conquered France in the Second World War, Patenôtre sold l'Auto to the Germans.

Directly after the Tour, the organisation announced the 1940 Tour de France would be run in 20 stages and five rest days. But the Second World War made it impossible to hold a Tour de France in the next years, although some replacing races were held. Only in 1947 would the Tour be held again, and Vietto would again play an important role then, holding the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for 15 of the 21 stages.

The victory of Maes would be the last Belgian Tour victory for 30 years, until Eddy Merckx won the 1969 Tour de France.

title: 1939 Tour de France


text:
User talk:Xavier Valentine

Hello there. ^^; Just a cute lil guy that wants to help out... hopefully well n.n --Xavier Valentine 03:01, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Seventh-day Adventist Church Page
Hi!

I noticed that you have an interest in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. At the moment there is a debate raging on Talk:Seventh-day Adventist Church that has resulted in the main page being protected. The debate has to do with the theology of Graham Maxwell. I would really appreciate if you could drop by and comment on this issue.

By the way, you might want to sign up at WikiProject_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church to help us make better pages to do with the Adventist Church.

Thanking you in advance, -Fermion 06:27, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

I don't think I've ever met...
Well, hi. :) I'm Rachel. I hopped onto your userpage from browsing categories. YOU'RE AN ADVENTIST TOO?!!? (Er, sorry.) I don't think I've ever met another Adventist outside of my church. I also see you don't understand Tagalog. I don't either. I'm half Filipino, and my mom's two native languages are Ilokano and Tagalog. I pretty much get the point of what's being said, though. I guess it's natural instinct- I mean, come on. I understand Swedish and German even though I don't speak the language because I'm part Swedish and part German, and even though I'm not Italian, I've been learning and I understand what's being said in Italian perfectly well. :P That being said, are you part Filipino? I barely know anyone who has heard of Tagalog and not be Filipino.... Øř ê   ōş Go Italia!  01:40, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Children's English Wikipedia
There is currently a request for a Children's English Wikipedia at meta. The difference between the English Wikipedia and the proposed one is that this wiki is quite complicated and talks a lot about boring stuff. You can vote and find out more about the request at the request page.

You have got this message because you are categorized as a child Wikipedian. If you have been categorized incorrectly, I suggest that you remove the code that does that and I appologize for any inconvenience caused. -- L e on 2323 21:34, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xavier Valentine


text:
User:Xavier Valentine

Hello there, my name is Xavier Valentine. I'm just a cute lil guy that wants to help out. ^^; I don't do a whole lot and occasionally peek in and peek out as needed. Not big contributor but it works. :) I'm what one calls... a lurker.

General Obligatory Introduction
I'm currently in college once again. I originally have an Associate's Degree in IT/Web Development out of ECPI College of Technology. (Don't ask me what ECPI stands for, I STILL DON'T KNOW.) However, I discovered that I do not like programming all that much and discovered that I liked more of the ... business and financial aspects. I'm now going towards the direction of attaining dual degrees in business administration and accounting. I do plan to end up trying to go for my Master of Business Administration as well.

I feel that I am destined to do something to change the world. Some of the thoughts I have are secret and disturbing, but it's nothing bad. I would like to try to make things better for my kind and uplift them.

I love to crossdress and try to crossplay whenever possible. I guess it's because I did it as a little kid and liked it. I'm not gay, however, I like my girls very much, perhaps a little too much. Very Happy I have an affinity to obtaining and creating gothic lolita outfits for my own personal purposes. I'm known for the guy that runs around in a schoolgirl uniform (though it has been falling apart; it's currently in repair). I am planning to probably be one of the few Mana-type cosplayers who IS A GUY. *gasp, surprise*

I go to MANY anime conventions, be it the following: Katsucon, Anime Mid Atlantic, Otakon, Nekocon, ODUAcon (when are you guys gunna do another one?!), Animazement, Anime USA ... and so forth, around the mid-atlantic region. Yes I am a cosplay freak, and all. Yes I crossplay. Okay? You can find me around dressed in a dress with cat ears and a tail. SO BLAH. OKAY?! YOU HAVE A PROBLEM WITH THAT???!!111 okay I'm calm now. ^_^

Gaia Online Project
Right now I'm wanting to help gather information with Spriteless in constructing a Wikicities for Gaia Online. So far, the following articles have been created under the sub-pages of Spriteless due to her storing most of those.

Pages Under Storage and Renovation
Gaia Online (Original Article before "cleanup")

Gaia Online Features

Gaia Online Subculture

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title: User:Xavier Valentine