text:
Active protection system

An active protection system (APS) is a system designed to actively prevent certain anti-tank weapons from destroying a vehicle.

Countermeasures that either conceal the vehicle from, or disrupt the guidance of an incoming guided missile threat are designated soft-kill active protection measures.

Countermeasures that physically strike an incoming threat to damage or destroy it and thereby limit its ability to penetrate armor are designated hard-kill active protection measures.

Soft-kill measures
Soft-kill measures are designed to defeat guided weapons either by concealing the protected vehicle from them (for example, with a smoke screen) or by disrupting their guidance with radiation (for example, with a dazzler). Some systems use laser dazzlers to blind the operator or sensors of semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), such as the JD-3 of the Type 99 tank. Others use powerful infrared emitters to mask the IR tracking flare present on many SACLOS ATGMs, such as the Shtora-1.

Soft-kill measures can be divided into on-board countermeasures, such as dazzlers, which are fixed to the platform and expendable countermeasures, such as smoke grenades, which are ejected upon use.

Soft-kill measures may be used preemptively, but are more commonly employed in reaction to detected threats.

Hard-kill measures
Hard-kill measures kinetically attack threatening missiles or other munitions, usually at very close range to the protected vehicle. Explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) or high explosive fragmentation countermeasures are typically used. The exact mechanism of many APSs has not been published. The action of these countermeasures may lead to:
 * disturbance of the stability of a kinetic energy penetrator which will decrease its penetration ability as the deflection angle increases.
 * premature initiation of a shaped charge (e.g., too great stand-off), but most likely improper initiation, thereby impeding optimum jet development of the metallic lining, usually copper, in the shaped charge. The copper jet provides most of the anti armor capabilities of shaped charge weapons.
 * destruction of the airframe of an inbound missile or shell.

There are many examples of hard kill countermeasures. The Russian Arena system utilizes a Doppler radar to detect incoming threats and fires munition to eliminate the threat. The Israeli Trophy system fires a multiple explosively formed penetrator (MEFP) to destroy the threat. An American system known as Quick Kill detects incoming threats using an Active Electronically Scanned Array, which assesses the threat, and deploys a smaller rocket countermeasure. Another American system, known as Iron Curtain, utilizes two sensors to reduce false alarms and defeat threats inches from their target by firing a kinetic countermeasure designed to minimize collateral damage. The Russian Afganit active protection system of the Armata AFVs features a millimeter-wavelength radar to detect and track incoming anti-tank munitions. It can reportedly intercept armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot kinetic energy penetrators in addition to high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) munitions.

Clutter
Mountains and neighboring vehicles reflect radio waves, thus creating radar clutter, which adversely affects radar-detection and radar-lock performance.

Top attack munitions
The trajectories of top attack ATGMs like the FGM-148 Javelin (US) and Trigat (Germany) plunge down onto their targets. Not all active protection systems are designed to fire at the extreme elevations necessary to protect against such munitions. RPGs fired at a steep downward angle from elevated positions can pose a similar threat.

Hard-kill measures

 * 🇨🇳 China
 * GL5
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * AMAP-ADS
 * 🇮🇱 Israel
 * Iron Fist
 * Trophy
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * Afganit
 * Arena
 * Drozd
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa / 🇸🇪 Sweden
 * LEDS-150
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea
 * KAPS
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * Iron Curtain
 * Quick Kill
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * Zaslin

Soft-kill measures

 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * MUSS
 * 🇵🇱 Poland
 * Obra-3
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * Shtora-1
 * 🇰🇷 South Korea
 * MSSG
 * Syria
 * Sarab
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * AN/VLQ-6 MCD

title: Active protection system


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SCID (chess)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was move to Shane's Chess Information Database. – Alphax τεχ 05:04, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

SCID (chess)
Software ad. — Ливай | Ⓣ 03:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. - ulayiti (talk)  03:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 03:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep That software is freeware and hosted on Sourceforge . The article is badly written but it is not an ad. --malathion talk 03:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I am adding this page to my list of articles I intend to improve. I can turn it into a decent software stub in a couple days. --malathion talk 03:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, having been adopted by user malathion. - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 05:53, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep If it is an ad, it's not a very effective one, as there's no link to the product. I agree with malathion. From the above link, it looks like the page should be moved to Scid (chess) or Shane's Chess Information Database (which would match the currect dab page). --Pagrashtak 05:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Regardless of the result of this VfD, I will redirect SCID (chess) to Shane's Chess Information Database and start my article there. --malathion talk 13:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename to Shane's Chess Information Database. —RaD Man (talk) 00:07, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:KTyson

User KTyson: Karl Tyson karl@tysonrc.com I live in Kansas, USA. My current job is programming computers.

Outline of some of my Interest Areas (* indicates I have contributed):

 * History
 * Primary Sources *
 * Historical Maps *
 * Oliver de Termes *
 * Baconian theory *
 * Ecology: Humans and Nature, Biogeochemistry, Environment:
 * Paleoclimatology
 * Climate Indicators *
 * Organic Farming
 * Ecology & Environmental Science
 * Climate Components *
 * Vernadsky
 * Holistic Building
 * Patterns
 * Literature: Authors: Classics and Modern
 * Ancient and Medieval
 * Plato
 * The Republic
 * Chaucer
 * Canterbury Tales
 * Pre-Modern Classics
 * Tolstoy
 * War and Peace
 * Anna Karenina *
 * Melville
 * Moby Dick
 * Dostoyevsky
 * Notes from Underground
 * The Idiot
 * Crime and Punishment
 * Brothers Karamazov
 * Dickens
 * Our Mutual Friend
 * A Christmas Carol
 * Hugo
 * Les Miserables
 * Notre Dame
 * Twain
 * Huckleberry Finn
 * Modern Fiction
 * Joyce
 * Ulysses
 * Pynchon
 * Gravity's Rainbow *
 * Modern Non-Fiction
 * Hofstadter
 * Godel, Escher and Bach *
 * Computer Software Development
 * Open Standards
 * XML/XSL
 * SVG
 * Programming Languages and Environments
 * C-Sharp
 * SQL
 * Javascript
 * Ajax *
 * Methodologies
 * Agile
 * Extreme Programming
 * Pragmatic
 * Design Patterns

title: User:KTyson


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/January 2

January 2

 * 2013 – The Government of Myanmar admits for the first time that Myanmar Air Force jets and attack helicopters conducted air strikes against rebel Kachin Independence Army forces in northern Myanmar on 30 December 2012, but claims that all of its other air operations in the area since late December 2012 have focused only on flying in supplies to Myanmar Army forces fighting Kachin rebels.

 * 2013 – The United States carries out two air-to-surface missile strikes by unmanned aerial vehicles in Pakistan. One hits a vehicle near Wana in South Waziristan, killing all six militants in it, including the Pakistani Taliban commanders Maulvi Nazir Wazir and Rapa Khan. The other strikes a car near Mir Ali in North Waziristan, killing two Uzbek militants and the Pakistani Taliban commander Faisal Khan.

 * 2010 – Danube Wings Flight 8230: In Slovakia, a package containing the explosive RDX was placed in the luggage of a passenger at Poprad-Tatry Airport by Serbian police as part of a training exercise. Due to an error, the package was not recovered and the luggage was loaded onto a Danube Wings flight to Dublin. The error was not realized until the plane had departed. The Garda Síochána were not informed until 5 January, causing a bomb alert in Dublin. The innocent passenger was arrested but later released when the Slovak Government admitted he was blameless.

 * 2010 – Boeing 727-231F 9Q-CAA of Congolese airline Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation was substantially damaged when it departed the side of the runway at N'djili Airport, Kinshasa. The aircraft was later reported as damaged beyond repair.

 * 2008 – Asian Spirit Flight 321, an NAMC YS-11 departing from Manila, piloted by Captain Alexandro Tiglao with First Officer Dominick Mendoza as co-pilot, overshot the runway at Masbate Airport at 7:30 a. m., due to heavy tailwinds with gusts reaching 14 knots while landing on runway 21. Although none of the 47 passengers were seriously injured, the accident destroyed the aircraft’s nozzle, the plane’s right propeller and its right and nose wheel, and caused the plane’s fuel tank to leak.

 * 2006 – A Cessna 206 filled with skydivers crashed into a dam near Ipswich, southwest of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

 * 2004 – USA Spacecraft Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.

 * 2004 – Several British Airways flights from London Heathrow Airport to Washington D. C. and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia are cancelled due to security fears.

 * 2004 – An OH-58D Kiowa 90-0370 from 1–17 Cavalry Regiment (assigned to 1–82 Aviation Brigade) shot down near Fallujah, killing a pilot.

 * 1999 – Death of Karl-Heinz Bringer, German rocket engineer.

 * 1989 – First flight of the Tupolev Tu-204, a Russian twin-engined medium-range jet airliner capable of carrying 210 passenger, first Russian fly-by-wire airliner.

 * 1975 – Death of Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp, German WWI and WWII fighter ace, one of only a few men to score victories in both World Wars.

 * 1972 – Death of James Butler White, DFC, RNAS, British RNAS WWI flying ace.

 * 1968 – Col. Henry Brown and Lt. Col. Joe B. Jordan became the first U.S. Air Force pilots to use an General Dynamics F-111A's emergency escape module when their aircraft, 65-5701, c/n A1-19, of the Air Force Flight Test Center crashes near Edwards AFB, California, due to a weapons gun bay fire.

 * 1967 – The contracts for the development of the Boeing SST and its engines are awarded

 * 1967 – Seven North Vietnamese Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s are destroyed by F-4 Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing USAF in Operation Bolo

 * 1967 – The National Supersonic Transport program, formed by President John F. Kennedy for the purpose of subsidizing the design of a Concorde-fighting supersonic airliner, awards a contract to Boeing for its 2707 SST design. Despite 115 orders from 25 different airlines, the program would lose its funding in 1971, forcing Boeing to lay off 60,000 workers.

 * 1965 – Denis Healey, the UK's Secretary of Defence cancels the nation's fighter and military transport programs and orders the purchase of the US-built F-4 Phantom and C-130 Hercules in their place.

 * 1964 – A USAF Douglas C-124C Globemaster II, 52-968, c/n 43877, of the 28th Air Transport Squadron, en route from Tachikawa Air Force Base near Tokyo, Japan, to Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Hawaii with nine on board and 11 tons of cargo, disappears over the Pacific Ocean after making a fuel stop at Wake Island. Due at Hickam at 0539 hrs. EST, the Globemaster II is last heard from at 0159 hrs. EST. Fuel exhaustion would have been at 1000 hrs. EST and the aircraft is presumed down at sea. An automatic SOS signal is detected emanating from an aircraft-type radio with a constant carrier frequency of 4728 kilocycles, issuing an automatically keyed distress message, and a dozen aircraft of the Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard are sent to search from Hickam and from Guam, Midway, and Johnston Island. Poor weather and limited visibility hampers search efforts. The U.S. Navy's USS Lansing also participates in the search. The eight missing Air Force crew and one U.S. Navy man escorting a body back to the U. S. are officially declared dead on 21 January. This was the first C-124 accident since May 1962.

 * 1963 – The Battle of Ap Bac in South Vietnam is the first time that Viet Cong forces stand and fight against a major South Vietnamese attack. At the outset, Viet Cong ground fire shoots down a United States Army UH-1 attack helicopter and four U. S. Army CH-21 transport helicopters as they arrive at their landing zone. South Vietnamese Air Force C-123 Provider transport planes drop about 300 South Vietnamese paratroopers later in the day.

 * 1962 – Last NORAD CF 100 Sqron ( No. 413) disbanded.

 * 1959 – Launch of Luna 1 (E-1 series), first known as First Cosmic Ship, then known as Mechta, first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon. First of the Luna program of Soviet automatic interplanetary stations.

 * 1954 – A new coast to coast record in the US is set by Colonel Willard W. Milliken of the Air National Guard, flying a North American F86 Sabre jet and covering 2530 mi from Los Angeles to New York City in 4 hours 8 min. (time includes stop for fuel at Offutt AFB).

 * 1953 – First flight of the Sud-Ouest Djinn, a French single-seat light prototype helicopter. The rotors were driven by compressed-air jets at the end of each blade.

 * 1953 – The first of an order of about 430 US Sabre fighters, the RAF’s first supersonic jet, arrives at RAF Abington, England.

 * 1950 – A North Star aircraft of No. 412 Sqron made the first Royal Canadian Air Force round-the-world flight in a flying time of 125.2 hours. The flight was carrying Hon. Lester Pearson to Commonwealth foreign ministers conference in Ceylon.

 * 1945 – U. S. Army Air Forces Twentieth Air Force B-29s based at Calcutta, India, bomb Bangkok, Siam.

 * 1945 – Japanese aircraft attack United States Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortress bases on Saipan for the last time.

 * 1944 – (2-13) Allied aircraft systematically attack rail communications in central Italy in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent Germany from supplying and reinforcing its forces fighting in southern Italy.

 * 1943 – McDonnell gets a contract to build the Navy's first jet fighter.

 * 1942 – The United States Navy opens a blimp base at Lakehurst, New Jersey.

 * 1941 – Italian Air Force contingent in Belgium (Corpo Aereo Italiano) mounts its last raid on the UK, when 4 Fiat BR20 bombers attempt to bomb Ipswich.

 * 1933 – After modifications, HMS Courageous reenters service with the Royal Navy as the world’s first aircraft carrier equipped with hydraulically controlled arresting gear.

 * 1930 – Leroy Grumman, Leon Swirbul, and William Schwender found the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation at Baldwin on Long Island, New York.

 * 1929 – Evelyn "Bobbi" Trout flew a Golden Eagle 12 hours and 11 min at the Metropolitan Airport in Los Angeles, setting a new non-refueling endurance record for women.

 * 1929 – Wilfrid Reid "Wop" May left in an Avro Avian with another flying club member, Vic Horner, to deliver diphtheria vaccine to Fort Vermilion, Alberta, 1600 km north. His flight had become known across Canada as "the race against death".

 * 1918 – The British government establishes an air ministry. Lord Rothermere is Secretary of State for Air. Major-General Sir Hugh Trenchard is Chief of the Air Staff.

 * 1914 – Gustav Hamel took Miss Trehawke Davis aloft to experience a loop, and she thus became the first woman in the world to do so.

 * 1903 – Birth of Pjotr Michailowitsch Stefanowski, Soviet WWII test pilot.

 * 1899 – Birth of Christopher McEvoy, British WWI flying ace.

 * 1898 – Birth of Franz Büchner, one of the most successful German fighter aces of WWI.

 * 1896 – Birth of Sir Lawrence James Wackett KBE, DFC, AFC, Australian WWI pilot and aircraft designer, widely regarded as "father of the Australian aircraft industry".

 * 1895 – Birth of Leslie Norman "Holly" Hollinghurst GBE, KCB, DFC, British WWI flying ace and WWII high ranking RAF officer.

 * 1895 – Birth of Alfred Niederhoff, German WWI flying ace.

 * 1895 – Birth of Gustav Leffers, German WWI flying ace.

 * 1894 – Birth of Valentine St. Barbe Collins, British WWI flying ace.

 * 1893 – Birth of Cyrus K. Bettis, American aviator winner of the 1924 Mitchell Trophy Race and the 1925 Mackay Trophy.

 * 1891 – Birth of Didier Daurat, French pioneer of commercial aviation.

 * 1886 – Birth of Thomas Gillies Rae, Scottish WWI flying ace.

 * 1882 – Birth of Frederick Walker Baldwin, also known as Casey Baldwin, Canadian engineer, hydrofoil and aviation pioneer, first Canadian to pilot an heavier-than-air flying machine.

 * 1880 – Birth of Louis Charles Breguet, French aircraft designer and builder, one of the early aviation pioneers.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/January 2


text: File:John Thomas Haig.jpg

title: File:John Thomas Haig.jpg


text:
Third Ear Band

Third Ear Band were a British musical group formed in London during the mid-1960s. Their line-up initially consisted of violin, cello, oboe and percussion. Most of their performances were instrumental and partly improvised. Their records for the Harvest label, Alchemy and Third Ear Band, achieved some popularity, after which they found some success creating soundtrack music for films.

History
Dave Tomlin, who had initiated free-form jazz sessions at the London Free School, began similar sessions at the UFO Club by assembling members of the audience, usually at 4am, into a free-form group playing for the, by then, exhausted dancers. The drummer, Glen Sweeney, was sometimes so carried away he had to be told that the rest of the group had finished. They became known as 'The Giant Sun Trolley'.

Members came from The Giant Sun Trolley and The People Band to create an improvised music drawing on Eastern raga forms, European folk, experimental and medieval influences. They recorded their first session in 1968 for Ron Geesin which was released under the pseudonym of The National-Balkan Ensemble on one side of a Standard Music Library disc.

Their first album, Alchemy, was released on the EMI Harvest label in 1969, and featured John Peel, the BBC disc jockey who did much to publicise the group, playing Jew's harp on one track. This was followed by an eponymous second album containing four tracks, "Air", "Earth", "Fire" and "Water", which reached wider attention due to the inclusion of one track on the Harvest sampler album, Picnic – A Breath of Fresh Air.

They recorded two soundtracks, the first in 1970 for an animated film by Herbert Fuchs of Abelard and Heloise (which first saw release as part of Luca Ferrari's Necromancers of the Drifting West Sonic Book in 1997) and then in 1971 for Roman Polanski's film of Macbeth. After various later incarnations and albums they finally disbanded in 1993, owing to leader and percussionist Glen Sweeney's ongoing health problems.

They also opened the Blind Faith Free Concert at Hyde Park on 5 July 1969, and played at the Isle of Wight Festival the next month.

Collective band members

 * Glen 'Zen' Sweeney: hand drums, wind chimes, drums
 * Paul Minns: oboe, recorder
 * Brian Meredith: cello, electrically-modified cello
 * Clive Kingsley: electric guitar
 * Richard Coff: lead violin
 * Benjamin Cartland: viola
 * Mel Davis: cello, slide pipes
 * Ursula Smith: cello, violin
 * Paul Buckmaster: cello, bass guitar
 * Simon House: violin, VCS3
 * Denim Bridges: guitars
 * Neville Nixon: guitar
 * Dave Tomlin: bass guitar, violin on "Alchemy"
 * Mike Marchant: guitar, vocals
 * Allan Samuel: violin
 * Neil Black: violin, midi violin
 * Mick Carter: electric guitar
 * Lyn Dobson: soprano saxophone, flute, vocals
 * John Peel: jaw harp on "Alchemy"
 * Keith Chegwin: vocals on "Music from Macbeth"
 * Morgan Fisher: keyboards, VCS3 for a short time 72/73

Studio albums

 * Alchemy (1969)
 * Third Ear Band (a.k.a. Elements) (1970)
 * Abelard and Heloise (1970)
 * Music from Macbeth (soundtrack to Macbeth, Roman Polanski's film adaptation of Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Macbeth) (1972)
 * The Magus (1972 - released in 2005 - first release was 1991 under the title "Prophecies")
 * Live Ghosts (1988)
 * Magic Music (1990)
 * Brain Waves (1993)
 * New Age Magical Music (1997)
 * Necromancers of the Drifting West (1997) (Geesin session, BBC tracks & outtakes)

Mini-album

 * Radio Sessions (1988)

Live

 * New Forecasts from the Third Ear Almanach (1989)
 * Live (1999)
 * Exocisms (2016)
 * Spirits (Live At Circolo Tuxedo, Italy, 1989) (2017)

Compilations

 * The National-Balkan Ensemble (1968)
 * Experiences (1976)
 * Songs From The Hydrogen Jukebox (1998)
 * Hymn to the Sphynx (2001)
 * Elements 1970-1971 with many previously unreleased tracks (2018)

title: Third Ear Band


text: Category:Albert King albums

title: Category:Albert King albums


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/January 3

January 3

 * 2013 – Press observers report that the Myanmar Air Force has conducted daily strikes against rebel Kachin Independence Army forces in northern Myanmar since 28 December 2012.

 * 2013 – An American unmanned aerial vehicle strike in Rada'a, Yemen, kills three al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula members, one of them a local commander.

 * 2013 – In the Syrian Civil War, the Syrian Air Force conducts two airstrikes on the rebel stronghold of Douma, Syria, killing 12 people. Syrian rebels claim to have killed the commander of the Syrian government air base at Taftanaz.

 * 2010 – Air Berlin Flight 2450, operated by Boeing 737–800 D-ABKF overran the end of the runway after an aborted take-off at high speed due to an airspeed discrepancy on the two pilots' instruments. The incident happened at Dortmund Airport. There were no injuries among the 171 people on board.

 * 2006 – A United States Army Sikorsky Aircraft UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter crashes near Tal Afar, Ninawa Governorate, Iraq. The aircraft, part of a two-Black Hawk helicopter team, was traveling between military bases when the accident occurred, resulting in 12 fatalities.
 * 2004 – Flash Airlines Flight 604, a Boeing 737-300, crashes into the Red Sea, killing all 135 passengers and 13 crew members in the worst ever accident involving the 737-300.

 * 1999 – Launch of Mars Polar Lander, also referred to as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, NASA 290-kilogram robotic spacecraft lander, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars.

 * 1994 – Baikal Airlines Flight 130, a Tupolev Tu-154M, crashes on take off at Irkutsk, killing 125 on board plus 1 on ground. A fuel-fed fire had erupted in the area of the no. 2 engine, causing damage to hydraulic lines and control surfaces. Control was lost and the aircraft crashed amongst farm buildings.

 * 1989 – Oregon Air National Guard McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom II, 63-7626 (?), of 123rd FIS/Oregon ANG from Portland, Oregon, crashes on a training mission ~30 mi off Tillamook Bay, injuring both crew, who were plucked from the Pacific Ocean, authorities said.

 * 1987 – Varig Flight 797, a Boeing 707, crashes near Abidjan because of engine failure. Out of the 52 passengers and crew on board, there was only 1 survivor.

 * 1986 – An Iranian C-130 Army transport crashes into a mountain while attempting to land at Zahedan Airport (ZAH) in southeastern Iran, killing all 103 on board.

 * 1981 – Pan Am makes its final Boeing 707 flight.

 * 1966 – Third (of five) Ling-Temco-Vought XC-142As, 62-5923, suffers major landing gear and fuselage damage during landing on 14th Cat II flight at Edwards AFB, California, having logged only 14:12 hrs. Cat II flight time. Air Force decides to use wing from this airframe to repair XC-142A No. 2, 62-5922, which suffers major damage on 19 October 1965, other useful items are salvaged from airframe no. 3, and the cannibalized fuselage is scrapped in the summer of 1966.

 * 1965 – Death of Semyon Ariyevich Kosberg, Jewish Soviet engineer, expert in the field of aircraft and rocket engines.

 * 1964 – A United States Air Force B-52D Stratofortress carrying two Mark 53 nuclear bombs loses its vertical stabilizer in turbulence during a winter storm and crashes on Savage Mountain near Barton, Maryland -- this is known as the 1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash. Only two of the five crewmen survive. The bombs are recovered two days later.

 * 1963 – First flight of the Ilyushin Il-62

 * 1962 – RCAF Piasecki H-21 helicopter 9611, from 121 (CU) Comox rescue 22 seamen from SS Glafkos.

 * 1961 – Aero Flight 311, a Douglas DC-3, crashes into woods near Koivulahti, Finland, killing all 25 on board.

 * 1959 – Birth of Fyodor Nikolayevich Yurchikhin, Russian cosmonaut and RSC Energia test-pilot.

 * 1957 – Death of Ottorino Pomilio, early Italian aeronautic engineer and WWI scout aircraft designer.

 * 1953 – First flight of the Cessna 310, American six-seat, a low-wing, twin-engined monoplane and first twin-engined aircraft that Cessna put into production after WWII.

 * 1952 – First flight of the Bristol Type 173 G-ALBN – A prototype twin-engine, tandem rotor military helicopter.

 * 1950 – A Pan Am Boeing 377 Stratocruiser makes the first commercial nonstop flight from Tokyo, Japan, to Honolulu, Hawaii.

 * 1947 – The Kings Flight of the Royal Air Force was re-established at RAF Benson. The first equipment consisted of three Vickers Vikings and an Avro York named Endeavour.

 * 1945 – (3-4) U. S. Navy Task Force 38 begins its support of the U. S. invasion of Lingayen Gulf with carrier air strikes against Japanese forces and facilities on Formosa, the Pescadores, the Sakishima Gunto, and Okinawa, with the loss of 22 U. S. aircraft. Bad weather curtails the strikes and makes bomb damage assessment impossible, although the task force believes it has destroyed about 100 Japanese aircraft.

 * 1944 – Japan launches first Fu-Go bombs, aka fire balloons or balloon bombs. Released from Japan, the balloons were meant to be pushed across the Pacific by the jetstream and then crash into the U. S. mainland and explode. A fascinating idea, but not a very effective weapon: Of the 9,000 balloons launched, only six Americans were killed. 300 of the balloons were ever found in North America, and it is estimated around 600 others likely landed in uninhabited deserts, forests and mountains.

 * 1944 – Top Ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down over Rabaul in his Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Zero. He is picked up by the Japanese.

 * 1943 – Boeing B-17F-27-BO Flying Fortress, 41-24620, "snap! crackle! pop!", of the 360th Bomb Squadron, 303rd Bomb Group, on daylight raid over Saint-Nazaire, France, loses wing due to flak, goes into spiral. Ball turret gunner Alan Magee (13 January 1919-20 December 2003), though suffering 27 shrapnel wounds, bails out (or is thrown from wreckage) without his chute at ~20,000 feet (6,100 m), loses consciousness due to altitude, freefall plunges through glass roof of the Gare de Saint-Nazaire and is found alive but with serious injuries on floor of depot:saved by German medical care, spends rest of war in prison camp.

 * 1925 – First flight of the Fairey Fox, British light bomber and fighter biplane.

 * 1923 – French Lieutenant Thoret makes the first soaring flight of 7 hours in a Hanriot HD-14 biplane as he flies with his engine stopped in a slope lift (using hill-side air currents) in Biskra, Algeria.

 * 1922 – First flight of the Aero A.10

 * 1917 – First flight of the Zeppelin LZ88 (L 40), German dirigible.

 * 1916 – A Bristol Scout C takes off from HMS Vindex, marking the first time a wheeled aircraft had taken off from a British ship. SEE: November 14, 1910, Eugene Ely was the first to take-off from a ship (off a temporary platform aboard) the light cruiser USS Birmingham in a Curtiss Model D pusher. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_firsts_in_aviation

 * 1909 – The first airspeed indicator is patented by Alec Ogilvie.

 * 1902 – Birth of Tommaso (Tomaso) Dal Molin, Italian Military pilot of the Schneider Trophy.

 * 1897 – Birth of John Elmer "Jack" Drummond, Canadian WWI flying ace.

 * 1889 – Birth of Edward Willits 'Eddie' Hubbard, Early American aviator.

 * 1889 – Birth of Charles Philip Oldfield Bartlett, British WWI flying ace.

 * 1889 – Birth of Ross Morrison MacDonald, Canadian WWI flying ace.

 * 1496 – Leonardo da Vinci unsuccessfully tests a flying machine.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/January 3


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/January 13

January 13

 * 2013 – Syrian Air Force jets bomb the suburbs of Damascus and a marketplace in the town of Azaz, killing at least 20 people and injuring 99 in Azaz.

 * 2013 – French Mirage 2000D fighter-bombers hit Islamist targets in northern Mali, including attacks around Léré and Douentza and a strike on an Islamist rear headquarters in Gao, where they inflict dozens of casualties. French military transport aircraft bring several planeloads of French troops into Bamako.

 * 2010 – German airline Blue Wings ceased operations.
 * 2010 – A Yemeni Air Force Aero L-39 Albatros training aircraft crashed in the area of Salah al-Din, west of the port city of Aden due to a technical problem. Pilot survived.

 * 2009 – S9-KAS, an Antonov An-24RV operated by Daallo Airlines, lands at Bender Qassim International Airport, Somalia with the nose landing gear retracted.

 * 2009 – Death of Nancy Bird Walton, AO, OBE, DStJ, pioneering Australian aviatrix, youngest Australian woman to gain a pilot's licence, founder and patron of the Australian Women Pilots' Association.

 * 2008 – Suspended under 600 brightly colored helium-filled party balloons, Brazilian priest Adelir Antonio de Carli lifts off from Ampere, Brazil, and reaches an altitude of 5,300 m (17,390 ft) before landing safely at San Antonio, Argentina, after a four-hour flight.

 * 2006 – OH-58D Kiowa 95-0021 from 1–10th Aviation Regiment shot down outside Forward Operating Base Courage, outside Mosul, killing the two pilots.

 * 2004 – An Uzbekistan Airways plane crashes in Uzbekistan's capital of Tashkent, killing all 37 aboard.

 * 2004 – AH-64 Apache from 4th Squadron, 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment shot down near Habbaniyah, pilots rescued.

 * 1999 – A Washington Air National Guard Boeing KC-135E-BN Stratotanker, 59-1452, c/n 17940, call sign ESSO 77, crashes short of the runway at Geilenkirchen Air Base, Germany, killing all 4 crew members on board. The aircraft was assigned to the 141st Air Refueling Wing, Fairchild AFB, Washington.

 * 1998 – An Ariana Afghan Airlines Antonov An-12 crashed near Tor Kach, Pakistan after it ran out of fuel in poor weather. All 51 people on board died.

 * 1993 – Launch: Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-54 at 8:59.30 am EST. Mission highlights: TDRS-F/IUS deployment.

 * 1982 – Air Florida Flight 90, a Boeing 737, crashes into the frozen Potomac River after takeoff from Washington National Airport; five on board survive; 78 on board and 4 on the ground die, including one initial survivor who dies after ensuring that the other crash survivors are rescued from the frozen river.

 * 1977 – First flight of the Fournier RF-9, a French two-seat motorglider of conventional sailplane configuration.

 * 1977 – Birth of Alex Hofer, German raid paraglider.

 * 1977 – Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-104A crashes near Alma-Ata after it exploded in mid-air due to engine fire which reached the fuel tank killing all on board.

 * 1975 – The F-16 Fighting Falcon is announced as the winner of the LWF (Light Weight Fighter) competition

 * 1969 – Scandinavian Airlines Flight 933, a Douglas DC-8, crashes into Santa Monica Bay due to pilot error, killing 15 of 45 on board.

 * 1964 – The 1964 Savage Mountain B-52 crash: A United States Air Force B-52D Stratofortress carrying two Mark 53 nuclear bombs loses its vertical stabilizer in turbulence during a winter storm and crashes on Savage Mountain near Barton, Maryland. Only two of the five crewmen survive. The bombs are recovered two days later.

 * 1960 – First flight of the Canadair CT-114 Tutor.

 * 1953 – Strategic Air Command Boeing B-50D-125-BO Superfortress, 49-386, c/n 16162, of the 93d Bombardment Wing, Castle AFB, California, one of a flight of four on a routine navigational flight, spins down out of clouds at 1340 hrs. PT and crashes 13 miles (21 km) W of Gridley, California, killing all 12 on board. Witnesses said that the bomber appeared to lose power. "When we first saw the plane it was coming out of the clouds in a steep spin at about 2,000 feet," said John Cowan, manager of Grey Lodge Waterfowl refuge. "The pilot gave it full power several times, but he couldn’t pull it out." Just before they hit the ground, the plane appeared to level out some, but it was too late. "They hit the ground with a tremendous thudding sound." Cowan, a flier himself, and a pilot of Navy planes during the war, could offer no explanation for the crash. "We could hear the pilot hit his engines before he dropped out of the clouds," Cowan said. A special investigations team was dispatched early today (14 January) from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Salvage, and additional recovery of bodies, waited on the arrival of a 92-foot (28 m) crane sent from McClellan Air Force Base, Sacramento. Gridley residents said the doomed plane "barely cleared treetops" while passing over the town seconds before the crash, but regained altitude momentarily. Eyewitnesses to the actual crash said the bomber came out of the clouds at 2,000 feet (610 m) in a spin. Many heard the pilot gunning his engines during the fall, and the plane appeared to level out slightly just before the impact half buried it in the mud of an open grain field on the Terrill Sartain property, two miles (3 km) W of the Butte-Colusa county line. Shortly before the crash the flight of four bombers were seen in formation over Oroville. Killed were T/Sgt. Curtis F. Duffy, 27, husband of Ruth A. Duffy, Atwater, California; T/Sgt. Bobby G. Theuret, 29, son of Mr. and Mrs. Harry D. Theuret, Box 413, Costa Mesa, California, and husband of Barbara L. Theuret, Atwater; M/Sgt. William H. Clarke, 32, husband, of Audrey W. Clark, Merced, California; M/Sgt. Wallace N. Schwart, 28, Maywood, Illinois. Those missing and presumed dead include Lt. Col. Gerald W. Fallon, 34, husband of Elaine K. Fallon, Merced; Maj. William P. McMillan, 37, husband of Greta A. McMillan, Atwater; Capt. William S. Raker, 27, husband of Lorraine G. Raker, Atwater; M/Sgt. Joe L. Bradshaw, 37, husband of Jessamine Bradshaw, Atwater; A.J. William B. Crutchfield, 27, husband of Della Ann Crutchfield, Atwater; A1C Charles W. Hesse, 21, Sauk Center, Minnesota; Capt. Edward Y. Williams, 33, Spokane, Washington; and 1st Lt. George D. Griffitts, 23, Hico, Texas.

 * 1949 – Birth of Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, Indian Air Force test pilot, and Cosmonaut, first Indian to travel in space.

 * 1945 – A kamikaze damages the escort carrier USS Salamaua (CVE-96) in the South China Sea off the mouth of Lingayen Gulf. It is the last successful kamikaze attack in the waters of the Philippine Islands.

 * 1944 – (13–19) Allied air forces attack targets in Italy to seal off the beachhead for the upcoming invasion at Anzio, focusing on airfields around Rome and throughout central Italy.

 * 1943 – Junkers Ju 290V1, (Junkers Ju 90V11), modified from Ju 90B-1, Werknummer 90 0007, D-AFHG, "Oldenberg", crashed on takeoff evacuating load of wounded troops from German 6th Army at Stalingrad. The need for large capacity transports was so dire at this point that the Luftwaffe was taking Ju 290As straight from the assembly line into operation.

 * 1943 – The United States Army Air Forces activate the Thirteenth Air Force in New Caledonia.

 * 1942 – Heinkel test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat after the control surfaces of the first prototype Heinkel He 280 V1, DL+AS, ice up and become inoperable. The fighter, being used in tests of the Argus As 014 impulse jets for Fieseler Fi 103 missile development, had its regular Heinkel-Hirth HeS 8A turbojets removed, and was towed aloft from Rechlin, Germany by a pair of Bf 110C tugs in a heavy snow-shower. At 7,875 feet (2,400 m), Schenk found he had no control, jettisoned his towline, and ejected.

 * 1940 – First flight of the Yakovlev Yak-1 (I-26), a WWII Soviet fighter aircraft, single-seat monoplane with a composite structure and wooden wings, prototype of the Yakovlev Yak-1.

 * 1939 – Northwest Airlines Flight 1, a Lockheed L14 H Super Electra, crashes on descent to Miles City, Montana, killing all four on board; the aircraft's cross-feed fuel valve leaked fuel into the cockpit and an intense fire broke out.

 * 1936 – (13-14) Howard Hughes makes a record-breaking sprint across the United States from Burbank, California to Newark, New Jersey in 9 hours 26 min 10 seconds at an average speed of 259 mph (417 km/hr). He uses a Northrop Gamma specially fitted with a 1,000-hp (747-kW) Wright SR-1820-G2 radial engine.

 * 1933 – The sole Consolidated Y1P-25, 32-321, crashes during flight testing at Wright Field, Ohio, killing Captain Hugh M. Elmendorf due to a stall/spin.

 * 1930 – First flight of the Farman F.300, French tri-engine High wing monoplane airliner prototype.

 * 1919 – Birth of Alan Eugene Magee, American WWII airman who survived a 22,000-foot (6,700 m) fall without parachute from his damaged B-17 Flying Fortress.

 * 1919 – Death of Hans Christian Friedrich Donhauser, German WWI flying ace, smallest aviator in the German air force, in a crash near Coblenz.

 * 1918 – Birth of Walter Jacobi, German rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at Peenemünde.

 * 1917 – Captain C. F. Collet of the Royal Flying Corps becomes the first British service flyer to make parachute jump when he uses a Calthrop 'Guardian Angel' parachute for an experimental jump from 600 feet.

 * 1916 – The Curtiss Aeroplane Company, Curtiss Motor Company, Curtiss Engineering Company, and Burgess and Curtis merge to form the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company.

 * 1913 – Brazilian naval aviation commences with the foundation of a flying school.

 * 1913 – First regular aerial cargo service begins in the USA with Harry M. Jones as he takes off with a Wright B to fly baked beans from Boston to New York.

 * 1912 – French Jules Védrines was the first person to fly an aircraft at more than 100 mph (160 km/h)

 * 1908 – Aero Club Argentino is founded in Buenos Aires.

 * 1908 – First European to fly one kilometer in a circle is Henri Farman in his Voisin-Farman airplane. Farman's 1 min 28 sond flight wins him the Grand Prix d'Aviation Deutsche-Archdeacon race in France.

 * 1906 – The first air exhibition of the Aero Club of America opens for eight days in the Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory in New York City. The Wrights are asked to send the motor that powered their 1903 flying machine but can only salvage the crankshaft and flywheel.

 * 1899 – Birth of Harold John "Jackie" Walkerdine, British WWI flying ace and WWII pilot.

 * 1897 – Death of David Schwarz, Croatian aviation pioneer. He created the first flyable rigid airship. It was also the first airship with an external hull made entirely of metal.

 * 1896 – Birth of Eugene Seeley Coler, American WWI fighter ace, WWII bomber pilot and Korean war Flying surgeon.

 * 1893 – Birth of Charles Henry Arnison, British WWI flying ace.

 * 1893 – Birth of Alessandro Buzio, Italian WWI flying ace.

 * 1887 – Birth of Jorge Chávez Dartnell, also known as Géo Chávez, Franco – Peruvian aviator.

 * 1885 – Birth of Thomas James Birmingham, Canadian WWI flying ace.


text:
Talk:Amphicar

Licensing
Does driving it require a special type of driver's licence? Or a boat's license? -- Toytoy 03:12, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * You know, that's a good point. I have no clue. --MasterA113 03:56, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It's simply a boat and a car. Licensing depends upon the local (state) driving license regulations.  In the U.S. those are state rules, which are loosely coordinated with some vehicle types.  As this was apparently sold as a retail automobile, in the U.S. it is probably considered a "street legal" car and in most states would carry a normal (or collector's) automobile registration and license plate, classified as an automobile.  So it probably only requires a normal driver's license.  In the water, the local boat requirements would apply, so in many places to be used as a boat it would also require a powered boat registration (some photos show boat ID numbers near the "bow"); I just photographed one marked such, but we have enough photos already.  Thus the operator would require whatever license is needed for a small boat with an inboard motor, if any license is needed.  So the licensing both varies by location and is so ordinary there probably are no regulatory sources which address this, so it's not worth mentioning in the article.  -- SEWilco (talk) 03:18, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Youtube "suboataru" or pisserschannel and pisser20001 channel. He has converted a subaru into a "Red Neck" anphicar (eventually using a jet ski engine). The car passed New York state car inspection! I'm sure he'd reply if you asked him a question about the boating side. His certainly has some kind of boating registration number for NY state!

Cost - compared to a Triumph Herald
I remember seeing one of these cars as a young boy - though it was parked on the road. It would be interesting to know how much these Amphicar's cost against the cost of a Triumph Herald. They must have been mighty expensive and the main reason so few were made. Youtube "suboataru" some more of this sort of wonderful madness! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.121.186.28 (talk) 07:40, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

11,500 in 1963 DM afair a 1200 beetle was ~3,900 DM, brit Pound @ 8DM

on another note: there really is not much commonality to the Schwimmwagen beyond the basic idea of an imphibious car. aircooled vs watercooled, flat 4 vs inline 4 2 fixed propellers vs 1 fold down to work. ...ZwergAlw (talk) 15:46, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Simpsons Reference
The car is referenced in the opening segment of the Simpsons episode "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)", season 5, episode ten --77.131.218.88 (talk) 13:07, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

Tour de France
ITV4's coverage of the third stage of the 2001 Tour de France briefly featured an Amphicar with four people aboard and in the water.

Yeet Yeet Yeet The Car Dude — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.150.228.195 (talk) 17:55, 23 April 2019 (UTC)

not descendant of Schwimmwagen
I disagree with the statement that the Amphicar is a "descendant" of the Schwimmwagen. A "descendant" indicates a direct connection, as Wikipedia's own article on the word proves. There is no connection I can find between Volkswagen and the Quandt Group. (The source for the descendant claim is a mention in Time Magazine, but that doesn't make it true.) Elsquared (talk) 05:53, 21 July 2021 (UTC)

 * As the Amphicar was designed by Hans Trippel, it may be a descendant of the Trippel SG6 amphibious vehicle originally built by him at Hamburg in the 1930's. That was a three-wheeler, which was taken up by the Wehrmacht during the war and built under his direction at the commandeered Bugatti factory in Alsace. Eventually that factory switched to making the four-wheeled Volkswagen Schwimmwagen. NRPanikker (talk) 19:58, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

Bilge pumps
Someone with access to a maintenance manual should describe the bilge pump system. They had two or maybe even three, automatically operated. The engine compartment and passenger space were sealed from one another, each with its own pump (I don't remember about the luggage space). Oddly enough, they didn't both pump overboard; one pumped into the other, which of course pumped overboard. (I'm not sure, but I suppose the engine compartment pumped into the passenger compartment, so the crew could hand bail if things went south.) And I think there was more to it than just being that simple. BMJ-pdx (talk) 08:32, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

 * The Amphicar came with one bilge pump from the factory. It was controlled by a push/pull switch on the dashboard and had a small blue indicator light contained in the center of the control knob which would illuminate when the pump was activated.  The pump itself was mounted on the bulkhead separating the engine compartment/bilge area from the passenger compartment.  It drew water from the lowest point of the bilge up through hoses, then discharged through a fitting at the rear of the car.  The factory pump was not automatic.  It ran continuously whenever the control knob was pulled.
 * Several owners throughout the years have altered the electrical setup of these pumps. It's common to see float switches added to the circuitry so that the pump comes on only when water is present in the bilge.  In some cases, owners have added additional pumps to satisfy their own needs or notions of safety. 2600:8802:6914:8B00:6C22:290F:9D4:FAC3 (talk) 18:46, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

Worlds Fair
Amphicars were available for rides at the 1964 World's Fair in Queens, NY 2601:41:C402:8350:EF3:7DFA:D1A9:73E2 (talk) 12:25, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amphicar


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/April 4

April 4

 * 2012 – An inexperienced military contractor operating an unarmed United States Air Force MQ-9 Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle by remote control mistakenly makes the Reaper take off without permission from Seychelles International Airport on Mahé in the Seychelles, accidentally commands the Reaper's engine to shut down a minute later without realizing it, then forgets to put down the landing gear as he attempts an emergency landing at the airport. The Reaper bounces on the runway and crashes into the Indian Ocean along the edge of the airport six minutes after takeoff.

 * 2011 – In the 2011 United Nations Bombardier CRJ-100 crash, a Georgian Airways plane operated by the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) crashes on landing at N'djili Airport, Democratic Republic of the Congo; all but one of the 33 on board are killed.

 * 2009 – Air China Airbus A321-213 B-6556 is substantially damaged in a heavy landing and tailstrike at Beijing Capital International Airport. A vertical deceleration of 3.03G is recorded. A go-around is initiated and the aircraft subsequently lands safely.

 * 2008 – A USAF Rockwell B-1B Lancer, 86-0116, of the 28th Bomb Wing, suffers hydraulic failure while taxiing after landing at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, veering off runway and catching fire. Four crew evacuate safely but airframe is burnt out after bomb load explodes.

 * 2007 – Heavy rain caused the crash of a Brazilian Air Force EMBRAER Super Tucano near Boa Vista International Airport, the pilot, Fernando Wilmers de Medeiros, did not survive. 3 other Super Tucanos from the same squad were able to make an emergency landing.

 * 2004 – Alaska Airlines discontinues service between San Francisco and Tucson.

 * 2001 – A Sudan Air Force Antonov An-24 crashes during a sandstorm in Adar Yeil, Sudan. Of the 30 people on board, 14 were killed; among them, Sudan's deputy defense minister as well as other high-ranking officers.

 * 1997 – Launch: Space Shuttle Columbia STS-83 at 2:20:32.074 p.m. EST. Mission highlights: Truncated due to fuel cell problem.

 * 1995 – Russian Air Force warplanes are deployed to support the mobilisation of troops into Chechnia

 * 1994 – KLM Cityhopper Flight 433, a Saab 340, crashes while trying to return to Schiphol Airport, due to pilot error and equipment failure; the pilot and two passengers die, nine passengers are injured.

 * 1993 – First flight of the Fokker 70

 * 1991 – United States Senator H. John Heinz III and six others are killed when his Piper Aerostar and a Bell 412 helicopter collide over Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, and crash.

 * 1990 – CF-18 #792 crashes on the weapons range at Cold Lake, pilot killed.

 * 1987 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 035, a Douglas DC-9-32, strikes a pylon and crashes on approach to Medan-Polonia Airport in Medan on Sumatra in Indonesia. A fire following the crash kills 23 of the 45 people on board; all 22 survivors are injured.

 * 1984 – Oleg Antonov, Soviet airplane engineer, dies (b. 1906). Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov was a Soviet aircraft designer and painter, the founder of Antonov Aeronautical Scientific/Technical Complex (ASTC), a world-famous aircraft company in Ukraine, later named in his honor.

 * 1983 – Launch: Space shuttle Challenger STS-6 at 18:30:00 UTC. Mission highlights: TDRS deployment; first flight of Challenger; first space shuttle extra-vehicular activity.

 * 1979 – Trans World Airlines Flight 841, a Boeing 727-31 with 89 people on board on a flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport in Minneapolis, Minnesota, suddenly rolls sharply to the right over Saginaw, Michigan, and goes into a spiral dive from 39,000 feet (11,887 m) including two 360-degree rolls despite corrective measures taken by both the autopilot and the human pilot, losing 34,000 (10,363 m) of altitude in 63 seconds before the flight crew manages to pull out of the dive at 5,000 feet (1,524 m). Eight passengers suffer minor injuries caused by exposure to high G forces. The plane makes an emergency landing at Detroit, Michigan, without further incident.

 * 1977 – Southern Airways Flight 242, a Douglas DC-9, crash-lands on a highway near New Hope, Georgia after dual engine failure encountered in a thunderstorm; 63 out of 85 aboard are killed, along with 9 people on the ground.

 * 1975 – 1975 Tan Son Nhut C-5 accident: A USAF Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, 68-0218, c/n 500-0021, taking part in Operation Babylift, a mass evacuation of children from South Vietnam during the Fall of Saigon, experiences an explosive decompression about 40 mi (64 km) outside Saigon when the rear ramp and pressure door blow out, damaging the plane's flight controls. The plane, carrying 328 crew, troops, children, and adult escorts, crashes into a rice paddy after the pilot loses control while trying to return to Tan Son Nhut Air Base; 155 die, including 76 orphans.

 * 1968 – In the Apollo Program, Apollo-Saturn mission 502 (Apollo 6) is launched as the second and last unmanned test flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle.

 * 1966– British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) opens its first scheduled service to Mexico, flying to Mexico City via Bermuda and Kingston, Jamaica.

 * 1965 – The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft plane is unveiled.

 * 1965 – During a U. S. Air Force strike on the Thanh Hoa Bridge, North Vietnamese Air Force MiG-17 fighters attack a formation of U. S. Air Force F-105 Thunderchief strike aircraft, shooting down two F-105 s. They are the first aircraft lost in air-to-air combat by either side during the Vietnam War.

 * 1960 – A USAF North American F-100D-65-NA Super Sabre, 56-2994, of the 77th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 20th Tactical Fighter Wing, based at Wethersfield, Essex, crashed into mud flats at the Holbeach Range in eastern England, killing pilot 1st Lt. Thomas R. Winsford. A cause was never clearly determined.

 * 1957 – First flight of the English Electric Lightning

 * 1957 – CIA Lockheed U-2, Article 341, (no military serial), the first U-2, is lost in a crash N of the Nevada Test Range during a Project Rainbow test flight, killing test pilot Bob Sieker. Engine fails at 65,000 feet (20,000 m). As pilot's pressure suit inflates, the faceplate clasp fails, pilot suffers hypoxia, loses consciousness. Aircraft goes into descending flat spin. Pilot recovers somewhat at lower altitude and bails out, but too late - parachute does not have time to fully deploy. Airframe hits flat with only small fire. Crashsite, 40 miles (64 km) N of the Ranch, takes four days to find by air. Pilot and aircraft are only 200 feet (61 m) apart. Kelly Johnson calls for new faceplate design, a dual oxygen regulator, and an ejection seat that can be used interchangeably with existing design.

 * 1955 – 1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, a Douglas DC-6 crashes after take-off from Long Island MacArthur Airport, New York, killing all 3 on board.

 * 1952 – A United States Air Force Douglas C-124A-DL Globemaster II, 50-1260, collides at night in midair with a Douglas VC-47D Skytrain, 45-926, c/n 16929/34187, over Mobile, Alabama, United States; 15 die.

 * 1950 – First flight of the Jodel D11 F-BBBF

 * 1949 – The North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO is formed by member nations in Washington, DC.

 * 1947 – One of Canada’s first TCA pilots Bill Straith is killed in an accident in New Mexico.

 * 1947 – The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is officially founded in Montreal, Canada. It is an intergovernmental organization, established to regulate air transportation on a worldwide basis, its authority restricted only by the number of signatory nations.

 * 1946 – Sears, Roebuck & Company begins a new, regular weekly overnight shipment of women’s clothing from New York to the West Coast by airplane.

 * 1944 – The U. S. Army Air Forces activate the Twentieth Air Force, which will conduct a strategic bombing campaign against Japan.

 * 1943 – Lady Be Good was an American B-24D Liberator, AAF serial number 41-24301, which flew for the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Based at Soluch Field in Soluch (today Suluq and Benina International Airport, Libya) as part of the 514th Bomb Squadron, 376th Bomb Group, it failed to return from a bombing raid on Naples, Italy. At the time, the plane was assumed to have crashed into the Mediterranean Sea and its nine crew members were classified as Missing in Action. In 1958 the nearly intact Lady Be Good was discovered 440 miles inland. Subsequent searches uncovered the remains of all but one of the crew.

 * 1943 – North American B-25C Mitchell, 41-12634, of the 376th Bomb Squadron, 309th Bomb Group (M), ditches in Lake Murray, South Carolina, during skip-bombing practice, after starboard engine failure. Crew of five escapes before Mitchell sinks after seven minutes afloat, about two miles (3 km) west of the Lake Murray Dam in 150 feet (46 m) of water. On 19 September 2005, the bomber was raised to the surface by aircraft recoverer Gary Larkins for preservation (not restoration) at the Southern Museum of Flight, Birmingham, Alabama

 * 1942 – S/L L. J. Birchall and crew sighted a Japanese flotilla 350 miles south of Ceylon. Thereafter he was known as the Saviour of Ceylon. He was shot down and taken prisoner.

 * 1942 – At Malta, German aircraft sink the Greek submarine Glaucos and badly damage the Polish submarine Sokol.

 * 1939 – Joaquín García Morato, the leading Spanish Nationalist ace of the Spanish Civil War (credited with over 40 victories over Republican aircraft), is killed in the crash of his Fiat CR.32, 3-51, while performing aerobatics for newsreel cameras. While flying inverted at low-level over Griñón airfield, his engine fails. He is posthumously awarded the Individual Medal and promoted to substantive major for meritorious war service.

 * 1938 – Les Ateliers de Constructions Aéronautiques Belges LACAB GR.8, dubbed unofficially the Doryphore by its pilots, "a singularly ugly multi-rôle combat aircraft intended for long-range bombing, and reconnaissance missions, and also as a heavy fighter", crashes during landing, writing off the undercarriage, both starboard wings, and suffering damage to the aft fuselage. The two-bay unequal-span staggered biplane of mixed construction, powered by two Gnôme-Rhône 14Kdrs radial engines, had first flown 14 May 1936, and was taken over by Belgium's Aéronautique Militaire on 2 June 1936 for testing and evaluation. Surprisingly, SABCA was contracted to repair the airframe, although no further testing appears to have been done. The airframe was found in a hangar at Evere in May 1940 by German troops who subsequently scrapped it.

 * 1936 – Italian aircraft drop mustard gas and 73 tons (66.2 tonnes/metric tons) of high-explosive bombs on a force of 20,000 Ethiopian troops retreating across the plain of Lake Ashangi, killing thousands.

 * 1933 – U.S. Navy airship J-3, A7382, sent out from NAS Lakehurst to search for USS Akron (ZRS-4) survivors, experiences engine failure, ditches in the surf of the New Jersey shore. Two crew lose their lives.

 * 1922 – The Colombian Ministry of War opens a flying school (the Escuela de Aviación) at Flandes.

 * 1918 – Royal Flying Corps SPAD 12, S.449/B6877, equipped with engine No. 9253, crashes during flight from Martlesham Heath to the Isle of Grain. Records do not indicate any attempts to repair or replace the sole example of this model received by the RFC.

 * 1918 – A two-seater aircraft takes off from a flying-off platform on a ship for the first time, when a Royal Air Force Sopwith 1½ Strutter launches from a platform mounted on a 12-inch (305-mm) gun turret of the Australian battlecruiser HMAS Australia. By November 1918, ships of the British Grand Fleet will carry over 100 aircraft on flying-off platforms, by which time 22 light cruisers will have a flying-off platform and every battleship and battlecruiser will carry a two-seat aircraft on a platform mounted on a forward turret and a single-seat fighter on a platform mounted on an after turret.

 * 1917 – First flight of the SPAD S.XIII

 * 1913 – The Greek aviator Emmanuel Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.

 * 1907 – Santos-Dumont, disappointed by his failure on March 27 and shocked by Charles Voisin’s flight of 197 feet shortly afterwards, tries again with his Nº 14bis. He makes a short flight of 164 feet in Saint-Cyr, France.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/April 4


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/May 5

May 5

 * 2013 – Israeli aircraft strike Mount Qassioun, which overlooks Damascus, Syria, targeting surface-to-surface missiles sent from Iran to Hezbollah.  The Syrian government claims the strike targeted a scientific research facility.

 * 2009 – United States Marine Corps Bell AH-1W SuperCobra belonging to HMM-166, based at MCAS Miramar, California, crashes at 1154 hrs. PST into the Cleveland National Forest, California, killing both pilots.

 * 2008 – Philippine Airlines’ regional carrier PAL Express began operations with 8 daily flights between Manila and Malay with Bombardier Dash-8-400 turboprops.

 * 2007 – Kenya Airways Flight 507, a Boeing 737-800 (5Y-KYA) scheduled to fly to Nairobi, Kenya, crashes just after takeoff from Douala, Cameroon. All 114 occupants are killed after the pilot departs without clearance and then does not realize the aircraft is banking hard to the right in time for correction due to improper auto-pilot inputs. The aircraft strikes a forested swamp a few miles to the south of the airport, where a reporter would find one year later that aircraft wreckage and human remains are still present.

 * 2007 – Eos Airlines begins flights from London Stansted to Newark, New Jersey with their 48-seat Boeing 757-200 aircraft.

 * 2006 – Siberia Airlines renames their airlines to S7 Airlines, and repainting their aircraft to a bright green, which is partly so the aircraft can be spotted among the tundra of Russia in the event of a crash.

 * 2006 – During the Children's Day flight exhibition (Suwon Air Base, South Korea), Capt. Kim Do-hyun of the Republic of Korea Air Force's Black Eagles display team is killed when he loses control of his Cessna A-37B Dragonfly.

 * 2005 – First flight of the Dassault Falcon 7X, a large-cabin, long range business jet manufactured by Dassault Aviation

 * 2004 – Air France and Netherlands-based KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines) merge, the two airlines are now known as Air France-KLM.

 * 1998 – A Peruvian Air Force Boeing 737-282, FAP-351, c/n 23041, line number 962, chartered from Occidental Petroleum, crashes at ~2130 hrs. during poor weather near Andoas, Peru killing 75 of the 88 people on board.

 * 1994 – A 1st Fighter Squadron pilot from Tyndall Air Force Base near Panama City, Florida, safely ejected from his McDonnell-Douglas F-15C Eagle of the 1st FS, 325th FW, before it crashed into the Gulf of Mexico about 5 miles south of Port St. Joe, Florida. On a training mission, student pilot lost control due to G‑induced loss of consciousness; was rescued from the gulf by an MH-53 Pave Low Helicopter from the Air Force Special Operations Command at Hurlburt Field.

 * 1993 – Jet Airways begins commercial airline operations with four Boeing 737-300 airliners.

 * 1990 – A Douglas DC-6 (N84BL) operated by Aerial Transit Company crashes after takeoff from Guatemala City, Guatemala, killing all 3 on the aircraft and an additional 24 on the ground. The cargo flight destined for Miami, Florida, develops engine trouble and strikes the ground while trying to make its way back to the airport.

 * 1988 – Birth of Jessica Dubroff, a seven-year-old pilot trainee who died attempting to become the youngest person to fly an airplane across the United States.

 * 1985 – Due to air traffic control errors, a Tupolev Tu-134 operating as Aeroflot Flight SSSR-65856 with 79 people on board and a Soviet Air Forces Antonov An-26 with 15 people on board collide at 13,000 feet (3,962 m) near Zolochev in the Soviet Union’s Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, killing all 94 people on board the two planes. Among the dead are the Estonian table-tennis player Alari Lindmäe, two Soviet Army generals, and Nikolai Dmitrijev, a Hero of Socialist Labor and one of the Soviet Union’s most decorated civil airline pilots who had been the captain of the Tu-134.

 * 1983 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 855,a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, loses power from all engines 30 minutes after takeoff from Miami International Airport; the pilot is able to return to Miami after restarting one engine; no casualties are reported on board.

 * 1972 – Alitalia Flight 112, a Douglas DC-8 flying from Leonardo da Vinci Airport, Rome, Italy, to Palermo International Airport crashes into Mount Longa, about 5 km south-west of Palermo while on approach, killing all 115 passengers and crew; it remains the deadliest single-aircraft disaster in Italy.

 * 1969 – USAF North American F-100D-70-NA Super Sabre, 56-3214, one of two 452nd TFS, 81st TFW, RAF Lakenheath, Super Sabres on gunnery mission over Holbeach Range, Cambs., UK, suffers engine failure, forcing pilot Capt. R.E. Riggs to eject. Fighter impacts into farmland, missing group of workers by 400 yards (370 m), airframe demolished in explosion, only fin and rudder assembly intact.

 * 1968 – A Grumman Gulfstream II becomes the first executive jet to make a non-stop Atlantic crossing after completing a 3,500-mile (5,633 km) flight from Teterboro, New Jersey to London Gatwick.

 * 1967 – Launch of Ariel 3, first artificial satellite designed and constructed in the UK.

 * 1965 – Birth of Colonel Fei Junlong, Chinese military pilot and an astronaut. He flew on the second manned spaceflight of the Shenzhou program.

 * 1965 – Iberia Airlines Flight 401, a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation, crashes after striking a tractor on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport, Tenerife, during a go-around in foggy weather; 30 of 49 passengers and crew die.

 * 1961 – Commander Alan Shepard, Jr., U. S. Navy, becomes the second man to explore space when he rides his Mercury Freedom 7 capsule, launched by a Redstone missile, to 115 miles above the Earth. It is three weeks since Yuri Gagarin’s first manned space flight.

 * 1960 – Birth of Douglas H. Wheelock, American astronaut and the commander of International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 25.

 * 1959 – A Kamov Ka-15S, Soviet 2 seat Helicopter, Set a record of 170.455 km/h over 500 km.

 * 1958 – A Royal Air Force Miles Marathon T.2 (XA253) crashes after landing at Topcliffe RAF Station in the UK after the crew accidentally retracted the landing gear instead of raising the flaps.

 * 1958 – Birth of Lieutenant Colonel Ron Arad (pilot), Israeli Air Force weapon systems officer (WSO) who is officially classified as missing in action since October 1986, but widely presumed dead. (lost on a mission over Lebanon, captured by Shiite group Amal and was later handed over to the Hezbollah)

 * 1958 – Lt. Gerald Stull steers his failing Convair F-102A-75-CO Delta Dagger, 56-1348, of the 327th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, away from residential homes while attempting a landing at Truax Field, Madison, Wisconsin, at 1330 hrs., and aims it for Lake Monona, ejecting at the last moment, too late to save himself. Posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross at Tyndall AFB, Florida, on 5 August, a trust fund was established to provide an education for the pilot's infant son. A memorial to Stull's heroism is installed at Hudson Park near the lake 51 years later.

 * 1955 – An agreement was concluded between the United States and Canada for the construction and operation of distant early warning (DEW) radar defense line.

 * 1953 – Christopher Draper, WWI Ace & WWII Pilot, ("the Mad Major"), upset at the government's treatment of veterans, protest by flying under the Thames bridges.He flew a rented, 100 h. p. Auster monoplane under 15 of the 18 bridges. It was a spectacular stunt; the bridge arches were only 40 to 50 feet high; Draper was flying 90 mph and dodged around a ship. According to news accounts, he pulled off his stunt as a means of seeking attention and soliciting job offers. He was arrested, charged with flying too low in an urban area, and assessed a nominal ten guineas court costs.

 * 1950 – Prototype Scottish Pioneer II (VL515), civil registered as G-AKBF makes its first flight.

 * 1950 – First production of Supermarine Attacker F.1 makes its first flight.

 * 1949 – Birth of Oleg Atkov, Russian cosmonaut. (Soyuz T-10/Soyuz T-11)

 * 1948 – Entered Service: McDonnell FH Phantom with U. S. Navy Fighter Squadron 17 (VF-17) aboard USS Saipan (CVL-48)
 * 1947 – First Flight of Alitalia

 * 1945 – (5-6) The British aircraft carriers HMS Emperor, HMS Hunter, HMS Khedive, and HMS Stalker resume support of Operation Dracula, bombing Japanese forces south of Rangoon and attacking shipping off Burma’s Tenasserim coast.

 * 1942 – Rabaul-based Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft raid Port Moresby, New Guinea.

 * 1942 – Operation Ironclad, the British invasion of the Vichy French-controlled island of Madagascar, begins with a destructive surprise strike at dawn by aircraft from the British aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable on French airfields in the vicinity of Diego Suarez.

 * 1942 – Royal Air Force Mustang Mark I – The British version of the North American P-51 A Mustang – Tactical reconnaissance aircraft of No. 26 Squadron see combat over the English Channel. It is the first combat action by any version of the P-51 Mustang.

 * 1941 – Major George Putnam Moody (13 March 1908 - 5 May 1941), an early Air Force pioneer, is killed while flight-testing a Beechcraft AT-10-BH Wichita advanced two-engine training aircraft at Wichita Army Airfield, Kansas when it stalls/spins. Major Moody earned his military wings in 1930 and flew U.S. airmail as a member of the United States Army Air Corps in 1934. Valdosta Airfield, Valdosta, Georgia, opened 15 September 1941, is renamed Moody Army Airfield on 6 December 1941 in honor of Maj. Moody. The AT-10 is used extensively at Moody AAF during World War II.

 * 1941 – Birth of Anatoli Levchenko, Soviet cosmonaut. Mir LII-1 (Soyuz TM-4 / Soyuz TM-3

 * 1941 – Two Dutch pilots succeeded in evading an escorting German-flown Fokker G. I and escaped to England. Their G.IB was taken to the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, for examination, and used subsequently by Phillips and Powis (Miles Aircraft) at Reading for research into wooden construction.

 * 1940 – The British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal begins a week and a half of support to Allied forces in the Narvik area of Norway.

 * 1936 – The Second Italo-Abyssinian War ends in an Italian conquest of Ethiopia as Italian forces enter Addis Ababa. Facing no opposition, the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) has played a decisive role in Italy’s victory in the eight-month war, but has engaged in a brutal campaign – In which Benito Mussolini’s sons Vittorio and Bruno and son-in-law Count Ciano voluntarily participate – of indiscriminate terror bombing and widespread use of mustard gas.

 * 1934 – Carina Massone Negrone establishes her first altitude record (5 544 m) with a Seaplane Class C.

 * 1931 – Death of Glen Kidston, record-breaking aviator and motor racing driver from Britain. His borrowed de Havilland Puss Moth broke up in mid-air while flying through a dust storm over the Drakensberg mountains (South Africa).

 * 1931 – Richard Waghorn lost control of his Hawker Horsley biplane bomber in high winds. He and his passenger parachuted from the aircraft but was seriously injured and died 2 days later.

 * 1930 – Birth of Michael J. Adams, American aviator, engineer, USAF astronaut and X-15 Pilot.

 * 1930 – First solo flight from England to Australia by a woman begins with British Amy Johnson in her de Havilland D. H.60G Moth 'Jason'. She flies from Croydon, England to Darwin, Australia in 19 days.

 * 1928 – USN LT’s Arthur Gavin and Zeus Soucek, with a PN-12 seaplane, flew a total of 36 hours and 1 min, setting the world duration record for Class C seaplanes.

 * 1926 – First flight of the Wright XF3W.

 * 1923 – Birth of Nikolai Vasilevich Sutyagin, Soviet WWII fighter pilot, Korean war fighter ace and high-ranking officer.

 * 1918 – Death of Giovanni Nicelli, Italian WWI flying ace, killed in action

 * 1913 – Birth of Robert William Prescott, American WWII flying ace, founder and president of Flying Tiger Line, pioneer of the air cargo industry.

 * 1904 – Birth of Squadron Leader Robert Kronfeld, AFC, Austrian-born gliding champion and sailplane designer. He became a British subject and an RAF test pilot.

 * 1897 – Birth of Gilbert Sardier, French WWI flying ace.

 * 1893 – Birth of Georges Halberger, French WWI flying ace

 * 1887 – Birth of Charles Richard Fairey, British aircraft manufacturer, involved with the development of many of the companies most important products including; aircraft, rotorcraft, marine craft, mechanical engineering and rocketry.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/May 5


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/May 12

May 12

 * 2011 – A Eurocopter X3 (X-Cube), French experimental compound helicopter, flew at a speed of 430 km/h (267 mph).

 * 2011 – An EMBRAER Super Tucano from Brazilian Air Force crashed close to Manibu countryside, near the cities of Ceará-Mirim and Pureza, 50 km north of Natal. The pilot, Danilo Bello Seixas, died during his first solo flight.

 * 2010 – Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771 operated by Airbus A330-202 5A-ONG crashed on approach to Tripoli International Airport, Libya, killing 103 people.
 * 2011 – Judy Wexler becomes the first woman to pilot a human-powered helicopter, remaining airborne for 4 seconds and achieving an altitude of a few inches in the University of Maryland's Gamera I.

 * 2010 – After taking off from the base at Rimini, an Italian Air Force NH 500 helicopter of 15º Stormo (83º Centro CSAR) flew about fifty feet above the ground when the engine suddenly quit. The helicopter autorotated to impact. Both occupants escaped unhurt.

 * 2009 – A South African Air Force Agusta Westland AW109E, helicopter, 4022, crashes at the Woodstock Dam, near Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aircraft from No. 17 Squadron SAAF was travelling from Durban International Airport to a satellite base of the 87 Helicopter Flying School SAAF at Dragon's Peak, Drakensberg for a week long training exercise. Flying with two another aircraft at low level and at high speed over the surface of the Dam, the helicopter stuck the water and crashed, then sinking into the lake killing the 3 crew.

 * 2004 – The last F-4 Phantom fighters are withdrawn from service with the Israeli Air Force.

 * 2002 – Death of Alfred Vogt, German glider designer.

 * 2002 – The hangar housing Buran OK-1K1 in Kazakhstan collapses, due to poor maintenance. The collapse kills eight workers and destroys the orbiter as well as a mock-up of an Energia carrier rocket.

 * 2001 – Death of Alexei Andreyevich Tupolev, Soviet aircraft designer who led the development of the first supersonic passenger jet, the Tupolev Tu-144. He also helped design the Buran space shuttle and the Tu-2000.

 * 1998 – A Mauritanian Air Force Antonov An-24B, RA-12973, c/n 9346505, crashes near Néma, Mauritania during a sandstorm killing 39 of the 42 people on board.

 * 1987 – Grumman A-6E Intruder, BuNo 155657, of VA-142, misses trap on the USS Lexington, both crew eject as jet leaves deck, lightened airframe climbs away, even on reduced power, to crash in the Gulf of Mexico ~50 miles S of NAS Pensacola, Florida. Footage of this accident: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czvEDNdyFBU&feature=related.

 * 1984 – Entered Service: Airbus A310 with Air France.

 * 1982 – Braniff Airways ceased all operations, thus ending 54 years of service in the American airline industry. Braniff flights at DFW that morning were suddenly grounded, and passengers on the jets were forced to disembark, being told that Braniff now ceased to exist.

 * 1975 – The Mayaguez incident begins. U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy aircraft begin searching for the American container ship SS Mayaguez, which Cambodian Khmer Rouge forces seized earlier in the day in the Gulf of Thailand.

 * 1972 – SA-7 Grail surface-to-air missiles shoot down five American AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters in five minutes near An Loc, South Vietnam.

 * 1970 – Indian Air Force prototype HAL HF-24 Marut HF 001, BR 461, is lost due to unknown circumstances in the sea off of Goa while on routine ferry flight. Squadron Leader K. L. Narayan is lost with aircraft.

 * 1967 – First flight of the Aermacchi AM.3, Italian single engine high wing observation aircraft, joint venture between Aermacchi and Aeritalia, initially designated the MB-335.

 * 1965 – After loss of control as a result of a gyroscope problem, Luna 5 crashed. It was the second Soviet spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon.

 * 1965 – The prototype HFB-320 Hansa Jet crashes due to a tail design problem; killed was manufacturer Hamburger Flugzeugbau’s chief test pilot.

 * 1964 – American flyer Joan Merriam Smith lands her Piper Apache to complete the second round-the-world flight by a woman. she took 56 days.

 * 1962 – Birth of Gregory Harold "Box" Johnson, former colonel in the United States Air Force and a NASA astronaut.

 * 1960 – A USAF C-130 Hercules drops a record 35,000 lb (15,876 kg) by parachute.

 * 1959 – Capital Airlines Flight 75, a Vickers Viscount 745D flying from New York City to Atlanta, breaks up in flight over Chase, Maryland, due to loss of control in severe turbulence; all 31 on board are killed.

 * 1958 – First flight of the Morane-Saulnier Epervier MS.1500 (en: Sparrowhawk), French two-seat ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft.

 * 1958 – A formal North American Aerospace Defense Command NORAD agreement is signed between the United States and Canada.

 * 1954 – Operational introduction of the Republic F-84F Thunderstreak, which first flew 3 Jun 1950.

 * 1953 – Bell X-2, 46-675, exploded in belly of Boeing EB-50D Superfortress mothership during captive LOX topping-off test and was dropped into Lake Ontario. Bell test pilot Jean "Skip" Ziegler's body dropped with airframe and Bell flight engineer Frank Wolko is also apparently carried over the side in the explosion. Neither body recovered. The EB-50D, 48-096, limps into Niagara Falls Airport, New York – never flies again. Death of Jean "Skip" Ziegler, American test pilot, killed in the explosion of the Bell X-2 during a captive-carry flight test.

 * 1952 – Death of Elia Antonio Liut, Italian Aviation pioneer, first pilot to fly over the Andes.

 * 1952 – Squadron Leader P. G. Fisher makes the first non-stop, unrefuelled flight from England to Australia in an English Electric Canberra bomber in a record 23 hours 5 min.

 * 1950 – AAfter the United States Air Force gives Convair a contract to install an Allison J33-A-29 jet engine with afterburner in place of the Allison J33-A-23 in the Convair XF-92A, 46-0682, test pilot Chuck Yeager attempts ferry flight from Edwards AFB, California to the Convair plant at San Diego but engine fails immediately after take off, forcing an emergency landing on the dry lakebed. Airframe is subsequently trucked to San Diego.

 * 1949 – Berlin Blockade by the Soviets is lifted at one minute after midnight.

 * 1945 – A kamikaze hits the battleship USS New Mexico (BB-40) at Hagushi anchorage, Okinawa.

 * 1945 – 12-13 – Aircraft carrier's of Task Force 58 strike targets on Kyushu and Shikoku. The British Pacific Fleet’s carriers strike the Sakishima Gunto.

 * 1941 – First flight of the Platt-LePage XR-1, also known by the company designation PL-3, early American twin-rotor helicopter.

 * 1940 – First bombing over Germany by the Royal Air Force.

 * 1940 – First operational sortie of the Boulton Paul Defiant. Defiants flew with six Spitfires of 66 Squadron, and a Ju 88 was shot down over the Netherlands.

 * 1938 – The US Navy commissions its sixth aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise.

 * 1938 – Three B-17 Flying Fortresses use dead reckoning navigation to intercept the ocean liner SS Rex more than 600 miles at sea.

 * 1936 – First flight of the Loire 102, French flying boat designed as a mail plane by Loire.

 * 1936 – First flight of the Messerschmitt Bf 110, often called Me 110, twin-engine heavy fighter (Zerstörer – German for "Destroyer").

 * 1930 – With the Latécoère 28 "Comte-de-la-Vaulx", Jean Mermoz takes off from Saint-Louis, Senegal, to Natal, Brazil for the first south Transatlantic Postal flight.

 * 1927 – First flight of the Armstrong Whitworth Starling A. W.14, British single-engine biplane fighter.

 * 1927 – First flight of the Yakovlev AIR-1 was a 1920s Soviet two-seat light biplane the first aircraft designed and built by Aleksandr Sergeyevich Yakovlev.

 * 1926 – The Norge (semi-rigid Italian-built airship) reached the North Pole, at which point the Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped from the airship onto the ice. The expedition was the brainchild of polar explorer and expedition leader Roald Amundsen, the airship's designer and pilot Umberto Nobile and American explorer Lincoln Ellsworth, who along with the Aero Club of Norway financed the trip.

 * 1912 – Guido Nardini is the first Italian to cross the English Channel.

 * 1912 – The Central Flying School (CFS), Royal Air Force's primary institution for the training of military flying instructors is established.

 * 1902 – Brazilian Augusto Severo and French engineer Georges Saché fly the semi-rigid airship Pax, which Severo designed, over Paris for its maiden flight. When they begin to lose control of the airship, it catches fire and explodes 1,200 feet (366 m) above Montparnasse Cemetery, killing both men instantly.

 * 1893 – Birth of Tenente Silvio Scaroni, Italian World War I fighter pilot credited with 26 victories. He was the second ranking Italian ace of the war.

 * 1890 – Birth of Kurt Student, German Luftwaffe general who fought as a fighter pilot during WWI and as the commander of German Fallschirmjäger (Paratroopers) during the Second World War.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/May 12


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Vannacutt Psychiatric Institute for the Criminally Insane

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect -- Francs2000 | Talk 11:14, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

The Vannacutt Psychiatric Institute for the Criminally Insane
Delete.Does this really belong to Wikipedia? With "UNDER CONSTRUCTION" notes as well. mu5ti/talk 03:15, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's just as valid a topic as Arkham Asylum. However, because the main article isn't too long, this can be merged with the 1999 movie, unless it's in both versions of House on Haunted Hill, in which case Keep CanadianCaesar 03:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, the whole entire article can be merged with the House on Haunted Hill(1999) article. But it needs vast spelling\grammar improvements and also needs to be completed... User:ligersrock2487 01:02, July 25, 2005
 * Delete: There's nothing here, folks. You want someone to write something about the fictional place in the fictional films?  Ok, let them do so.  No "keep" involved.  Blow this up, as it is not an article and nearly qualifies for speedy. Geogre 18:36, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How's there "nothing here"? I see information that's not on the main page.  I see a picture.  I see no reason not to merge.  CanadianCaesar 19:03, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Image "from the official website." Then a number of paragraphs that repeat each other (the plot is told twice).  Other than the first sentence, the whole of it is presented as if fact.  No, there's nothing there.  There is no discussion, no context, no placement of the object in any world other than the movie.  So, knock it out.  Then people can work on the movie article, if they choose.  This infinite fracturing of every fiction to suit the fancies of fans is ridiculous, illogical, and, in the end, a good way to destroy the information by stranding it in places where people cannot find it.  Geogre 01:57, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with House on Haunted Hill (1999 movie) and Redirect. No information is lost and it makes sense.  Wikibofh 23:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect to House on Haunted Hill (1999 movie) any information that is important enough to be on that page; I'd suggest deeply cutting it, though, and merging perhaps one paragraph. If it's not important enough to be part of the parent fiction, it's unencyclopedic. CDC   (talk)  23:29, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a prime example of non-notability. Nandesuka 01:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge -- anything useful into House on Haunted Hill (1999) and redirect. - Longhair | Talk 12:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge -- anything useful into House on Haunted Hill (1999). carmeld1 23:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry

The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie), also known as the Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute (Karl-Friedrich-Bonhoeffer-Institut), was a research institute of the Max Planck Society, located in Göttingen, Germany. On January 1, 2022, the institute merged with the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine in Göttingen to form the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences.

This was the only Max Planck Institute (MPI) that combined the three classical scientific disciplines – biology, physics and chemistry. Founded in 1971, its initial focus was on problems in physics in chemistry. It had undergone a continuous evolution manifested through an expanding range of core subjects and work areas such as neurobiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. At the time of merger, 850 people worked at the institute, about half of them scientists. Four researchers working at the institute – Stefan Hell, 2014; Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, 1991; and Manfred Eigen, 1967 – were awarded the Nobel Prize.

History
The origins of the institute date to 1949. At that time, the Max Planck Society established the MPI for Physical Chemistry in Göttingen as a follow-up to the former Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry in Berlin. Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer, who had worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, became the founding director of the new institute. He was one of the first researchers who applied physical-chemical methods in biological research and thus combined different disciplines of natural sciences in research.

In 1971, the MPI for Physical Chemistry merged with the MPI for Spectroscopy (also in Göttingen), forming the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry. This was mainly initiated by Nobel Prize laureate Manfred Eigen, director of the MPI for Physical Chemistry. His vision of an interdisciplinary approach to biological research was decisive and the creative impulse for the development of the institute. In honour of Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer, the new institute was named after him.

Although the institute was dedicated to basic research – by virtue of the charter of the Max Planck Society – its policy was to encourage the transfer of numerous technological innovations to the marketplace. As a consequence, many licensing agreements and start-up firms arose from research conducted at the institute, e. g. Lambda Physik (today part of Coherent), DeveloGen (today part of Evotec) and Evotec.

Research focus
Research at the institute focuses on the fundamental mechanisms that regulate and control life processes: How is genetic information correctly translated into proteins? How do nerve cells communicate with each other? How is cellular logistics controlled? On the organismal level, researchers at the institute study the circadian rhythms of the vertebrate, or differentiation and development in multicellular organisms.

To obtain even deeper insights into the nanocosmos of living cells, the institute employs ultra-high resolution microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and tomography, mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, or atomistic computer simulations. At the same time the institute concentrates on developing novel measurement and analysis methods to provide a closer look into the world of molecules.

Departments
The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry currently encompasses 12 departments:

 * Nils Brose – Molecular Neurobiology
 * Patrick Cramer – Molecular Biology
 * Dirk Görlich – Cellular Logistics
 * Christian Griesinger – NMR-based Structural Biology
 * Helmut Grubmüller – Theoretical and Computational Biophysics
 * Stefan W. Hell – NanoBiophotonics
 * Jochen Rink – Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration
 * Marina Rodnina – Physical Biochemistry
 * Claus Ropers – Ultrafast Dynamics
 * Melina Schuh – Meiosis
 * Holger Stark – Structural Dynamics
 * Alec M. Wodtke – Dynamics at Surfaces

Research groups
The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry is particularly engaged in the support of junior scientists. 20 independent research groups pursue their own research goals.

 * Loren B. Andreas – Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
 * Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian – Nanoscale Spin Imaging
 * Marina Bennati – Electron-Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
 * Bert L. de Groot – Computational Biomolecular Dynamics
 * Alex Faesen – Biochemistry of Signal Dynamics
 * Jens Frahm – Biomedical NMR
 * Stefan Glöggler – NMR Signal Enhancement
 * Aljaz Godec – Mathematical Biophysics
 * Stefan Jakobs – Structure and Dynamics of Mitochondria
 * Peter Lenart – Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Oocytes
 * Juliane Liepe – Quantitative and Systems Biology
 * Grazvydas Lukinavicinus – Chromatin Labeling and Imaging
 * Samuel Meek – Precision Infrared Spectroscopy on Small Molecules
 * Vladimir Pena – Macromolecular Crystallography
 * Reinhard Schuh – Molecular Organogenesis
 * Johannes Söding – Quantitative and Computational Biology
 * Alexander Stein – Membrane Protein Biochemistry
 * Henning Urlaub – Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry
 * Wolfgang Wintermeyer – Ribosome Dynamics
 * Markus Zweckstetter – Structure Determination of Proteins Using NMR

Emeritus groups
After retiring, directors of the institute can actively continue their research for a couple of years.

 * Gregor Eichele – Genes and Behavior
 * Herbert Jäckle – Molecular Developmental Biology
 * Reinhard Jahn – Laboratory of Neurobiology
 * Thomas Jovin – Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics
 * Reinhard Lührmann – Cellular Biochemistry
 * Erwin Neher – Membrane Biophysics
 * Jürgen Troe – Spectroscopy and Photochemical Kinetics

Former departments
The institute has undergone a permanent change in research with the closing of departments after their heads have retired and by continuously establishing new departments. Some of the former directors pursue their research even after their Emeritus Group has expired and can still be contacted at the institute (*).

 * Otto D. Creutzfeldt – Neurobiology (1971–1992)
 * Manfred Eigen – Biochemical Kinetics (1971–1995)
 * Dieter Gallwitz – Molecular Genetics (1985–2004)
 * Manfred Kahlweit – Kinetics of Phase Transformations (1971–1996)
 * Hans Kuhn – Molecular Systems (1971–1984)
 * Leo de Maeyer – Experimental Methods (1971–1996)
 * Bert Sakmann – Cell Physiology (1985–1988)
 * Fritz-Peter Schäfer – Laser Physics (1971–1994)
 * Hans Strehlow – Electrochemistry and Reaction Kinetics (1971–1984)
 * Klaus Weber – Biochemistry and Cell Biology (1973–2004)
 * Albert Weller – Spectroscopy (1971–1990)
 * Victor P. Whittaker – Neurochemistry (1973–1987)

Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH
The institute also accommodates the independent Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH headed by Jens Frahm, which was founded in 1993. The focus of this association is the development and application of spatially resolved NMR techniques for non-invasive studies of the central nervous system in animals and humans. These innovative approaches allow for unique insights into the structure, metabolism and function of the intact living brain. Jens Frahm and his coworkers invented a rapid acquisition technique for magnetic resonance imaging termed FLASH MRI (fast low angle shot) technique which allowed for a 100-fold reduction of the measuring times of cross-sectional and three-dimensional images. The FLASH technique led the ground for many modern MRI applications in diagnostic imaging.

International Max Planck Research Schools
In 2000, two International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) were established together with the Georg August University Göttingen, the German Primate Center and the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine: the IMPRS for Molecular Biology and the IMPRS for Neurosciences (in cooperation with the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and the European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen). A third graduate school, the IMPRS for Physics of Biological and Complex Systems, was opened in 2008 (in cooperation with the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization).


text:
User:Maschnoque

Maschnoque is by far the best contributor in Wikipedia history.

title: User:Maschnoque


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/October 4

October 4

 * 2008 –Two American UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters collide while trying to land in Baghdad. An Iraqi soldier was killed, while two Iraqis and three Americans were injured.  Incident was due to mechanical failure.

 * 2007 – Africa One Antonov An-26 crash: An Antonov An-26 (9Q-COS) from Africa One / El Sam Airlift and charted by Malift Air crashes shortly after taking off from the Kinshasa-N’Djili Airport, Congo. The airplane bound for Tshikapam crashed on the outskirt of Kinshasa killing 21 on board (1 crew survived) and at least 28 on the ground. This accident forced the Congolese minister of transportation to resign.

 * 2004 – Retired: SpaceShipOne

 * 2004 – Gordon Cooper, one of the original astronauts in Project Mercury, dies. (b. 1927).

 * 2001 – Siberia Airlines Flight 1812, a Tupolev Tu-154, is suspected to be shot down by a Ukrainian missile over the Black Sea. All 66 passengers and 12 crew members are killed.

 * 1992 – El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747, freighter, crashes into high-rise apartment buildings in Amsterdam after two of its engines detach from the wing. Forty-three people, including the plane's crew of 3, are killed. The incident became known as the Bijlmerramp (Bijlmer disaster).

 * 1984 – 61 year old Elaine Yadwin lands a Piper Cherokee Warrior II safely in Florida after her husband, the plane's pilot, dies during the flight.

 * 1977 – First production prototype FMA IA 58 Pucará, AX-03, of the Fuerza Aérea Argentina, crashes during preparations for the 50th Anniversary of the Fabrica Militar de Aviones at Córdoba, due to pilot error.

 * 1975 – A Cessna 310Q airplane crashes over Wilmington, North Carolina, killing the pilot and severely injuring several pro wrestlers affiliated with the NWA’s Mid-Atlantic promotion. One of the survivors is the legendary Ric Flair.

 * 1968 – First flight of the Tupolev Tu-154

 * 1960 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Super Electra, crashes on takeoff from Boston's Logan International Airport into Winthrop Bay, after multiple bird strikes; 62 of 72 aboard die.

 * 1958 – BOAC de Havilland Comet 4 G-APDB makes first the commercial transatlantic crossing by a jet airliner, from London Heathrow Airport to New York International Airport, Anderson Field via Gander.

 * 1957 – Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite is launched into orbit

 * 1957 – The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow rolls out from the Malton plant in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

 * 1946 – The B-29 Pacusan Dreamboat sets a world nonstop, unrefueled distance record of 9,500 miles on a flight from Honolulu to Cairo, Egypt.

 * 1943 – During Operation Leader, aircraft from the American aircraft carrier USS Ranger (CV-4) raid German shipping along the coast of Norway, sinking six steamers and damaging four others, including a transport on which about 200 German troops are killed.

 * 1933 – 4-11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith sets a new solo flight record between England and Australia of 7 days 4 hours. He flies a Percival Gull.

 * 1924 – First flight of the Curtiss XPW-8 A, a predecessor of the XPW-8 B, prototype in turn of the Curtiss P-1 Hawk

 * 1919 – A new altitude world record of 9,622 m (31,569 feet) is set by American pilot Rudolph Schroeder, flying a Packard-Le Peré LUSAC-11.

 * 1909 – More than a million New Yorkers watch as Wilbur Wright makes a flight along the Hudson River.

 * 1784 – James Sadler (balloonist) becomes the first British aeronaut when he makes a flight in a Montgolfier-type balloon of a 170-foot circumference.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/October 4


text:
User talk:KertDawg

Rule of two
I've done a fair bit of editting to Rule of Two. Is it more acceptable? --maru (talk) contribs 06:25, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Wow, yes, that's much better! Thanks! --KertDawg 21:08, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:KertDawg