text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Melbourne/Institutions

Melbourne Institutions are organizations, or mechanisms of social structure, governing the behavior of two or more individuals. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing human behavior. This project is about documenting the institutions of Melbourne. Proposed Category: Category:Melbourne institutions

We already have a number of articles on Melbourne Institutions, so I thought I would try to come up with a framework to develop this section further. Feel free to suggest additions or changes to improve this structure--Takver 05:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Culture
See also: Category:Melbourne culture

Festivals

 * Melbourne International Comedy Festival
 * Melbourne International Film Festival

Social

 * Melbourne Club
 * Punters Club

Sport

 * Category:Sporting clubs in Melbourne
 * Victoria Racing Club
 * Melbourne Cricket Club
 * Melbourne Knights
 * Melbourne Storm
 * Victorian Football League
 * on my long To Do list: Melbourne Vicentre Swimming Club. Long list of Olympians and Paralympians who've trained there (plus Tanya Huebner, Grace Loh and others)

Government

 * Category:Local Government Areas of Melbourne
 * Melbourne City Council
 * Local Government Association of Victoria - probably beongs with Category:Victorian institutions

Law

 * Category:Prisons in Melbourne
 * Category:Judicial courts in Melbourne
 * Melbourne Magistrates' Court

Education

 * Category:Education in Melbourne
 * Category:Universities in Melbourne
 * Category:TAFE Colleges in Melbourne
 * List of high schools in Melbourne

Labour and Industry

 * Victorian Employers Federation
 * Victorian Trades Hall Council
 * Victorian Employers' Chamber of Commerce and Industry
 * Victorian Workcover Authority

Media

 * Category:Media in Melbourne
 * Melbourne radio stations
 * Melbourne newspapers

Consumer

 * RACV
 * Bicycle Victoria
 * Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal

Hospitals

 * Category:Hospitals in Melbourne

Science

 * The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
 * Howard Florey Institute
 * Baker Heart Research Institute

Fashion Brands

 * Alannah Hill
 * Arthur Galan AG
 * Bettina Liano
 * Calibre (fashion house)
 * Christopher Chronis
 * Roy (fashion house)
 * Saba (fashion)
 * Satch (fashion)
 * Scanlan & Theodore


text:
Talk:Zbarazh

Can someone help me out here? Is "Zbarj" the transliteration of Збараж? Also, if you're going to reply, do it on my talk page. Thanks. --Hottentot
 * probably Zbarj is Romanian transliteration. See Velvl Zbarzher! (:-)) --Sheynhertz-Unbayg 17:09, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

translation

 * Article: de:Sbarasch
 * Corresponding English-language article: Zbarazh(ZbarajZbarj?)
 * Worth doing because: famous shtetl and no article
 * Originally Requested by: --Sheynhertz-Unbayg 04:38, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Status: done by multiple users Lectonar
 * Other notes: see Velvl Zbarzher
 * Supported:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Zbarazh


text: User talk:64.162.99.2

title: User talk:64.162.99.2


text:
User:ElleBigelow

I am learning about this. My interests are both academic (Anthropology) as well as sustainability in business.

title: User:ElleBigelow


text:
Emerald Germs of Ireland

Emerald Germs of Ireland (2001) is a black comedy novel by Irish writer Patrick McCabe. Each chapter is begun with an Irish folk song .{{

Plot summary
The book focuses on the life of Gullytown homeboy Pat McNab, the village idiot. The alternately adoring and criticizing attention by his mother, Maimie and the total abusiveness of his father finally send him over the edge.

He responds by ridding Ireland of "germs," however, in this case, the "germs" are people. He kills both his father and mother, his neighbors and local visitors to the village. His list includes four-legged "germs" as he kills several donkeys.

He then digs his mother up from her grave after the removal of each succeeding "germ".

The title "Emerald Germs of Ireland" is similar to Patrick McCabe's The Butcher Boy which often brings up a music book titled "Emerald Gems of Ireland".

title: Emerald Germs of Ireland


text:
Dryopteris filix-mas

Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, and rocks, and screes. Near the northern limit of its distribution it prefers sunny, well-drained sites. It is much less abundant in North America than in Europe.

Description
The semi-evergreen leaves have an upright habit and reach a maximum length of 150 cm, with a single crown on each rootstock. The bipinnate leaves consist of 20–35 pinnae on each side of the rachis. The leaves taper at both ends, with the basal pinnae about half the length of the middle pinnae. The pinules are rather blunt and equally lobed all around. The stalks are covered with orange-brown scales. On the abaxial surface of the mature blade 5 to 6 sori develop in two rows. When the spores ripen in August to November, the indusium starts to shrivel, leading to the release of the spores.

This species hybridises easily with Dryopteris affinis (scaly male fern) and Dryopteris oreades (mountain male fern).

Names
The plant is sometimes referred to in ancient literature as worm fern, reflecting its former use against tapeworm.

Its specific epithet filix-mas means "male fern" (filix "fern", mas "male"), as the plant was thought to be the male version of the common lady fern Athyrium filix-femina. being robust in appearance and vigorous in growth.

The Finnish name kivikkoalvejuuri refers to the cestoda medicine use it has had (see Culture section), as alve is an old word for cestoda.

Cultivation & uses
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
 * D. filix-mas
 * 'Crispa Cristata'
 * 'Cristata'
 * 'Grandiceps Wills'
 * 'Linearis Polydactyla'

Culture
D. filix-mas is culturally named the title plant of Nurmijärvi, the municipality in Uusimaa, Finland. The reason is that the plant is related to the first Finnish pharmaceutical factory located in Nurmijärvi in 1899–1964. The pharmaceutical factory founded by the pharmacist Albin Koponen made Diphyllobothrium latum and cestoda medicines called Filisin and Filicon, the raw material of which was the rhizome of D. filix-mas. The rhizomes were still collected in the locality in the 1960s. The medicine was also used to treat liver fluke in sheep in Finland.

Toxicity
The rhizomes of D. filix-mas are toxic. Doses too big can cause serious poisoning, blindness and even death.

title: Dryopteris filix-mas


text:
User:Hfritzke

Hfritzke; Minnesota Cold Hardy Grape Breeder.

title: User:Hfritzke


text:
Talk:Tiamat (band)

Reverts
There seems to be a "war of reverts" going on in this article (which is quite odd, considering the limited mainstream popularity of the subject.) Here's one version: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiamat_%28band%29&oldid=18545126 Here's another: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiamat_%28band%29&oldid=18655371 The first version had nothing significant that would require a revert (bias, vandalism, need for spelling/grammar cleanup) whereas, the second version is needlessly long-winded and scattered with obvious typos and incorrect internal links. This has been going on for a matter of days and demands some attention/discussion. Danteferno 02:14, July 15, 2005 (GMT)
 * Here's an idea... why don't you contact me instead of stating that a revert war has been started? Revert wars do not constitute of two reverts, in case you have never watched an actual one unfold. This is a collaborative project. I am helping you. Or do you truly believe that an article which contains a sentence with "almost celestial synths" conforms to a neutral point of view? Do you actually understand that "preceed" means come before? I had made quick fixes to the article earlier, but now I have updated it to a proofed version. If you think there is something wrong with it, discuss it. Better yet, just change it, but state a good reason for doing so, intead of stating that something was "a redux which wasn't necessary". It was necessary. It still is, since the article is still lousy. It needs expansion, not quibbles over some non-material which barely qualifies as an article. If you want to claim ownership for it, do it when you make it a kickass article. Feel free to do whatever changes you want to it, just make sure you are actually following the rules and standards of the Wikipedia. Also, stop using HTML code on articles. It is useless and needless. --Sn0wflake 07:50, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1. "almost celestial synths" has no NPOV problem. "Very beautiful synths" would. "Constant use of synthesizers" is very misleading, and anyone who heard their music would agree. Other quips:

" Tiamat is a symphonic and gothic metal band originally assembled in Stockholm, Sweden in 1988. " Considering symphonic metal and gothic metal are two styles used together by many bands, there is no reason why there should be an "and". So symphonic/goth metal fits more. "Edlund modified the band's sound substantiyally," Last time I checked, "substantiyally" is not a word. "The album Wildhoney from 1994 is considered their transition album, combining death grunts." The first draft of my article consisted of "harsh vocals" vs. "death grunts".Wildhoney had no death metal vocals. The closest Edlund got to extreme vocals was on "The Ar" and "Visionaire" and it was more of a deep yell, not "death grunts". Sumerian Cry was really the first and last death metal Tiamat album.

You are wrong. Sumerian Cry is our last black metal album not "death metal"-album!!!

Johan Edlund (UTC) 16:32

That said, I still fail to see (save for occassional HTML use) why a significant revert was neccessary. There are thousands of articles on Wikipedia that are a mess in terms of NOPV, spelling, and formatting (and I would imagine even one or two of those would at least have correct spelling for the word "substantially".) Danteferno 10:14, July 15, 2005 (GMT)
 * You made a valid point regarding the vocals on Wildhoney, so I stand corrected regarding that. Otherwise, you should realise that you are writing for an encyclopedia, not for a fan site. All I did was make the tone of the article more fitting for the Wikipedia, and yet you insist on reverting it, instead of working upon my version in order to build something better. If you fail to see how "almost celestial synths" is biased, there is probably nothing I can do to help you. If you want this bad for your prose to be the only on the article, I will not insist on wasting my time fixing it. Have fun reverting the article instead of doing research and improving it. --Sn0wflake 01:45, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * A bit of sad news for you: Most Wikipedia sites for bands are written more as a "fansite" than a non-biased informative. (The Tool page being the worst example,going so far as to mention books the band recommends). Why you have chosen this out of all is beyond me. And I can't see how describing Tiamat's synths as "celestial" is biased. The Gene Hoglan article describes his percussion skills as "technical" and "complex" - how is that any different? You have good intentions (and if you know about Tiamat, good choice in music) but like I said, such efforts are better applied when appropriate and truly warranted. Best of luck with future edits of other users' articles, --Danteferno 2:12, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I haven't "chosen" this article. I have been working on articles about bands for over a year to fix this sort of situation you describe. Why you take the worst articles as a rule instead of the best ones is beyond my compreehension. --Sn0wflake 07:47, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Tiamat - Gothic Metal or not?
3 reputable websites confirm it:

Contrawise, a search on "Tiamat gothic doom" came up with no relevant results that would reflect the "gothic doom" tag had even been debated or discussed as their genre in the first place. (There is also still no website that lists how it would even be a different genre than gothic metal.) The same could be said for the Type O Negative and Moonspell pages, whose genres were changed to "gothic doom".--Danteferno 12:08, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

No cause we are definotely not gothic!!! We play the Dark Symphonic Black Metal!!!

Johan Edlund (UTC) 16:24

Genre
Why the hell Tiamat is called "symphonic metal" or even "symphonic black metal"? Not a single its song has anything to do with "sympho", not to mention "black"!!! "Sumerian Cry" is death metal, "Astral Sleep" is doom or maybe death doom (and a wonderful one!), the same may be said about "Clouds". "Wildhoney" is doom, maybe athmospheric doom, but still - keyboards per se do not make the band "sympho"! "A Deeper Kind of Slumber" is doom also, but closer to psychedelic rock, all songs being about drugs. Other albums are gothic metal or gothic doom. Actually, I've never seen Tiamat defined as symphonic metal before. Finally, who called Tiamat "symphonic black metal"? Any reasons???

Johan Edlund: Ha..cause we are symphonic at all. However we used to be playing pure dark Symphonic black metal and anything to do with those any of your mentioned genres such as death, doom, gothic definotely not!!!! And contrary your post states "Sumerian Cry" is our last black metal record and in "The Astrall Sleep" we start to use "symphonic" arrangements with black. And "keyboards per se do not make a band sympho!" Ha are you really never heard of string sections or any sympho sections playing from synths in generally or even never know what a hell keybords is what!!! We are allways played sympho black and it start right here from "The Astrall Sleep"!! This is the reason. I and we in generally call our music "dark symphonic black metal" with inflences of Pink Flyod, King Crimson, Candlemass, Mercyfull Fate, Fields of the Nephilim and Systers of Mercy. Prog, heavy, doom and gothic influences.

Johan Edlund (UTC) 16:13

Cf: Tiamat at Encyclopaedia Metallum - no "sympho black"!

Blacklake June 19, 2006

 * Metal Archives can’t be trusted (e. g.: user generated content and false information), see de:Diskussion:Corrupted. --217 /83 20:12, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Not sympho!
Please could some person remove the "black metal" and "symphonic metal" tags from here? I've never heard of anything orchestral of Tiamat and Tiamat's early works is definitely not "black metal" for that matter. Actually Tiamat was death metal-group in demos, Sumerian Cry and Astral Sleep (wich is very significant development in the melodic death metal-genre) and this newer style is just strainghtforward Goth rock with metallic touch. Between these stuffs Tiamat recorded also an "atmospheric doom" record Clouds and "prog/Goth"/death metal-classic Wildhoney. Listen to Sumerian Cry or some of Tiamat's newer songs if you still called Tiamat "black metal" or "symphonic metal". As i say im not only who don't see anything sympho or black in the stuff of Tiamat. Finally, why the hell "black metal" and "symponic metal" tags stay here?!

+1 about "black metal"!!! Where could it be in Tiamat music? Doom, Gothic, melodic Death (early), may be Dark Wave (late). Never heard "Black" from Tiamat. As I feel it mostly - Doom. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.242.217.67 (talk) 16:30, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Did you, who claim Tiamat never played Black Metal, even listen to Treblinka and Sumerian Cry? --217 /83 20:12, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Skeletron.jpg
Image:Skeletron.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

not black
Black metal link should be removed!

I agree. Sumerian Cry-era Tiamat is definitely not black metal. And Treblinka was grindcore, not black metal band.

Treblinka
Contrary to what the above post states, Treblinka were black metal. Not grindcore. There was a Canadian band of the same name, who were a thrash group, maybe this will help with the confusion?

We started originally black metal band and after we became totally, simply Symphonic Black Metal band. All links of the genres such as death, doom, prog, gothic should be definitely removed!!!

Johan Edlund (UTC) 16:19

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatwh.jpg
Image:Tiamatwh.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:03, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamattas.jpg
Image:Tiamattas.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:04, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatsc.jpg
Image:Tiamatsc.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:04, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatclouds.jpg
Image:Tiamatclouds.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:05, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatadkos.jpg
Image:Tiamatadkos.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:05, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TiamatJudasChrist.jpg
Image:TiamatJudasChrist.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 03:06, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatwh.jpg
Image:Tiamatwh.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 20:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamattas.jpg
Image:Tiamattas.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 20:51, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatsc.jpg
Image:Tiamatsc.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 20:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatclouds.jpg
Image:Tiamatclouds.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 20:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tiamatadkos.jpg
Image:Tiamatadkos.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 20:53, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Symphonic metal?
How come Tiamat is considered as Symphonic metal? They, well using synths middle on but those even does'nt make Symphonic sound to their music at all. And there's no source who state that Tiamat is Symphonic metal either. I furthermore believe that Symphonic metal tag is here because people often confuse Tiamat with Therion, which also was something close to death metal. By the way i removed Symphonic metal tag from all content of the page, because it's really not what they are playing nowadays. Thoughts? Etos 15:11, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Trivia section
I removed the "After the dissolution of Treblinka, Johan Edlund joined some former members in a doom/death metal band called Expulsion (disbanded 1996)." part, but the change was reverted. Expulsion was around at the same time as Treblinka, and Edlund helped the band out with photographs for their second CD, as well as doing guest vocals on one verse from their first album. Edlund was never considered as a member of Expulsion. 82.99.7.26 (talk) 11:37, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * He was still part of the band and that deserves to be mentioned - it never states that he was a full time member. Now stop removing this. --Danteferno (talk) 12:38, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Genre
Ok as none of the genres in the infobox have sources maybe they shouldnt be there. Solino the Wolf  09:42, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

Sources or not, the genres are fine. No one has had a problem with them for about a year now, and they are accurately describe Tiamat's style. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AlecTrevelyan402 (talk • contribs) 11:39, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I may note threshold inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth.Take a look at WP:V.If the genres are to stay they should pass WP:V as its one of the three core content policies of wiki.So the fact that no one's had any problems with them doesnt help.The whole article has a sourcing problem as it's sources doesn't seem to be reliable. Solino the Wolf  10:07, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

About previous members, why isn't Magnus Sahlgren listed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.229.198.203 (talk) 21:12, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

So if a band lacks sources about genre, it is therefore genreless? Cut this wikipedian bs policy. The genrebox is almost fine. Revan ltrl (talk) 21:00, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Tiamat (band). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140811102751/http://www.metalsludge.tv/?p=30336 to http://www.metalsludge.tv/?p=30336

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:38, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Tiamat (band). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090626081249/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/tby/tiamat to http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/tby/tiamat

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:24, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Still active?
They are listed on the page as still active, but I can't find any social media, new music, or tours since 2014. 172.110.27.41 (talk) 19:30, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tiamat (band)


text: Category:Economy of New Zealand

title: Category:Economy of New Zealand


text:
Mundell–Fleming model

The Mundell–Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BoP model (or IS-LM-BP model), is an economic model first set forth (independently) by Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming. The model is an extension of the IS–LM model. Whereas the traditional IS-LM model deals with economy under autarky (or a closed economy), the Mundell–Fleming model describes a small open economy.

The Mundell–Fleming model portrays the short-run relationship between an economy's nominal exchange rate, interest rate, and output (in contrast to the closed-economy IS-LM model, which focuses only on the relationship between the interest rate and output). The Mundell–Fleming model has been used to argue that an economy cannot simultaneously maintain a fixed exchange rate, free capital movement, and an independent monetary policy. An economy can only maintain two of the three at the same time. This principle is frequently called the "impossible trinity," "unholy trinity," "irreconcilable trinity," "inconsistent trinity," "policy trilemma," or the "Mundell–Fleming trilemma."

Assumptions
Basic assumptions of the model are as follows:
 * Spot and forward exchange rates are identical, and the existing exchange rates are expected to persist indefinitely.
 * Fixed money wage rate, unemployed resources and constant returns to scale are assumed. Thus domestic price level is kept constant, and the supply of domestic output is elastic.
 * Taxes and saving increase with income.
 * The balance of trade depends only on income and the exchange rate.
 * Capital mobility is less than perfect and all securities are perfect substitutes. Only risk neutral investors are in the system. The demand for money therefore depends only on income and the interest rate, and investment depends on the interest rate.
 * The country under consideration is so small that the country cannot affect foreign incomes or the world level of interest rates.

Variables
This model uses the following variables:
 * Y is real GDP
 * C is real consumption
 * I is real physical investment, including intended inventory investment
 * G is real government spending (an exogenous variable)
 * M is the exogenous nominal money supply
 * P is the exogenous price level
 * i is the nominal interest rate
 * L is liquidity preference (real money demand)
 * T is real taxes levied
 * NX is real net exports

Equations
The Mundell–Fleming model is based on the following equations:

The IS curve:
 * $$Y=C+I+G+NX \, $$

where NX is net exports.

The LM curve:
 * $$\frac{M}{P}=L(i, Y)$$

A higher interest rate or a lower income (GDP) level leads to lower money demand.

The BoP (Balance of Payments) Curve:
 * $$BoP=CA+KA \, $$

where BoP is the balance of payments surplus, CA is the current account surplus, and KA is the capital account surplus.

IS components

 * $$C=C (Y-T(Y), i-E( \pi )) \, $$

where E(π) is the expected rate of inflation. Higher disposable income or a lower real interest rate (nominal interest rate minus expected inflation) leads to higher consumption spending.

 * $$I=I(i-E(\pi), Y_{t-1}) \, $$

where Yt-1 is GDP in the previous period. Higher lagged income or a lower real interest rate leads to higher investment spending.

 * $$NX=NX (e, Y, Y^*)$$

where NX is net exports, e is the nominal exchange rate (the price of foreign currency in terms of units of the domestic currency), Y is GDP, and Y* is the combined GDP of countries that are foreign trading partners. Higher domestic income (GDP) leads to more spending on imports and hence lower net exports; higher foreign income leads to higher spending by foreigners on the country's exports and thus higher net exports. A higher e leads to higher net exports.

Balance of payments (BoP) components

 * $$CA=NX$$

where CA is the current account and NX is net exports. That is, the current account is viewed as consisting solely of imports and exports.
 * $$KA=z(i-i^*)+k$$

where $$i^*$$ is the foreign interest rate, k is the exogenous component of financial capital flows, z is the interest-sensitive component of capital flows, and the derivative of the function z is the degree of capital mobility (the effect of differences between domestic and foreign interest rates upon capital flows KA).

Variables determined by the model
After the subsequent equations are substituted into the first three equations above, one has a system of three equations in three unknowns, two of which are GDP and the domestic interest rate. Under flexible exchange rates, the exchange rate is the third endogenous variable while BoP is set equal to zero. In contrast, under fixed exchange rates e is exogenous and the balance of payments surplus is determined by the model.

Under both types of exchange rate regime, the nominal domestic money supply M is exogenous, but for different reasons. Under flexible exchange rates, the nominal money supply is completely under the control of the central bank. But under fixed exchange rates, the money supply in the short run (at a given point in time) is fixed based on past international money flows, while as the economy evolves over time these international flows cause future points in time to inherit higher or lower (but pre-determined) values of the money supply.

Mechanics of the model
The model's workings can be described in terms of an IS-LM-BoP graph with the domestic interest rate plotted vertically and real GDP plotted horizontally. The IS curve is downward sloped and the LM curve is upward sloped, as in the closed economy IS-LM analysis; the BoP curve is upward sloped unless there is perfect capital mobility, in which case it is horizontal at the level of the world interest rate.

In this graph, under less than perfect capital mobility the positions of both the IS curve and the BoP curve depend on the exchange rate (as discussed below), since the IS-LM graph is actually a two-dimensional cross-section of a three-dimensional space involving all of the interest rate, income, and the exchange rate. However, under perfect capital mobility the BoP curve is simply horizontal at a level of the domestic interest rate equal to the level of the world interest rate.

Summary of potency of monetary and fiscal policy
As explained below, whether domestic monetary or fiscal policy is potent, in the sense of having an effect on real GDP, depends on the exchange rate regime. The results are summarized here.

Flexible exchange rates: Domestic monetary policy affects GDP, while fiscal policy does not.

Fixed exchange rates: Fiscal policy affects GDP, while domestic monetary policy does not.

Flexible exchange rate regime
In a system of flexible exchange rates, central banks allow the exchange rate to be determined by market forces alone.

Changes in the money supply
An increase in money supply shifts the LM curve to the right. This directly reduces the local interest rate relative to the global interest rate. That being said, capital outflows will increase which will lead to a decrease in the real exchange rate, ultimately shifting the IS curve right until interest rates equal global interest rates (assuming horizontal BOP). A decrease in the money supply causes the exact opposite process.

Changes in government spending
An increase in government expenditure shifts the IS curve to the right. This will mean that domestic interest rates and GDP rise. However, this increase in the interest rates attracts foreign investors wishing to take advantage of the higher rates, so they demand the domestic currency, and therefore it appreciates. The strengthening of the currency will mean it is more expensive for customers of domestic producers to buy the home country's exports, so net exports will decrease, thereby cancelling out the rise in government spending and shifting the IS curve to the left. Therefore, the rise in government spending will have no effect on the national GDP or interest rate.

Changes in the global interest rate
An increase in the global interest rate shifts the BoP curve upward and causes capital flows out of the local economy. This depreciates the local currency and boosts net exports, shifting the IS curve to the right. Under less than perfect capital mobility, the depreciated exchange rate shifts the BoP curve somewhat back down. Under perfect capital mobility, the BoP curve is always horizontal at the level of the world interest rate. When the latter goes up, the BoP curve shifts upward by the same amount, and stays there. The exchange rate changes enough to shift the IS curve to the location where it crosses the new BoP curve at its intersection with the unchanged LM curve; now the domestic interest rate equals the new level of the global interest rate.

A decrease in the global interest rate causes the reverse to occur.

Fixed exchange rate regime
In a system of fixed exchange rates, central banks announce an exchange rate (the parity rate) at which they are prepared to buy or sell any amount of domestic currency. Thus net payments flows into or out of the country need not equal zero; the exchange rate e is exogenously given, while the variable BoP is endogenous.

Under the fixed exchange rate system, the central bank operates in the foreign exchange market to maintain a specific exchange rate. If there is pressure to devalue the domestic currency's exchange rate because the supply of domestic currency exceeds its demand in foreign exchange markets, the local authority buys domestic currency with foreign currency to decrease the domestic currency's supply in the foreign exchange market. This keeps the domestic currency's exchange rate at its targeted level. If there is pressure to appreciate the domestic currency's exchange rate because the currency's demand exceeds its supply in the foreign exchange market, the local authority buys foreign currency with domestic currency to increase the domestic currency's supply in the foreign exchange market. Again, this keeps the exchange rate at its targeted level.

Changes in the money supply
In the very short run the money supply is normally predetermined by the past history of international payments flows. If the central bank is maintaining an exchange rate that is consistent with a balance of payments surplus, over time money will flow into the country and the money supply will rise (and vice versa for a payments deficit). If the central bank were to conduct open market operations in the domestic bond market in order to offset these balance-of-payments-induced changes in the money supply — a process called sterilization – it would absorb newly arrived money by decreasing its holdings of domestic bonds (or the opposite if money were flowing out of the country). But under perfect capital mobility, any such sterilization would be met by further offsetting international flows.

Changes in government expenditure
Increased government expenditure shifts the IS curve to the right. The shift results in an incipient rise in the interest rate, and hence upward pressure on the exchange rate (value of the domestic currency) as foreign funds start to flow in, attracted by the higher interest rate. However, the exchange rate is controlled by the local monetary authority in the framework of a fixed exchange rate system. To maintain the exchange rate and eliminate pressure on it, the monetary authority purchases foreign currency using domestic funds in order to shift the LM curve to the right. In the end, the interest rate stays the same but the general income in the economy increases. In the IS-LM-BoP graph, the IS curve has been shifted exogenously by the fiscal authority, and the IS and BoP curves determine the final resting place of the system; the LM curve merely passively reacts.

The reverse process applies when government expenditure decreases.

Changes in the global interest rate
To maintain the fixed exchange rate, the central bank must accommodate the capital flows (in or out) which are caused by a change of the global interest rate, in order to offset pressure on the exchange rate.

If the global interest rate increases, shifting the BoP curve upward, capital flows out to take advantage of the opportunity. This puts pressure on the home currency to depreciate, so the central bank must buy the home currency — that is, sell some of its foreign currency reserves — to accommodate this outflow. The decrease in the money supply, resulting from the outflow, shifts the LM curve to the left until it intersects the IS and BoP curves at their intersection. Once again, the LM curve plays a passive role, and the outcomes are determined by the IS-BoP interaction.

Under perfect capital mobility, the new BoP curve will be horizontal at the new world interest rate, so the equilibrium domestic interest rate will equal the world interest rate.

If the global interest rate declines below the domestic rate, the opposite occurs. The BoP curve shifts down, foreign money flows in and the home currency is pressured to appreciate, so the central bank offsets the pressure by selling domestic currency (equivalently, buying foreign currency). The inflow of money causes the LM curve to shift to the right, and the domestic interest rate becomes lower (as low as the world interest rate if there is perfect capital mobility).

Differences from IS-LM
Some of the results from this model differ from those of the IS-LM model because of the open economy assumption. Results for a large open economy, on the other hand, can be consistent with those predicted by the IS-LM model. The reason is that a large open economy has the characteristics of both an autarky and a small open economy. In particular, it may not face perfect capital mobility, thus allowing internal policy measures to affect the domestic interest rate, and it may be able to sterilize balance-of-payments-induced changes in the money supply (as discussed above).

In the IS-LM model, the domestic interest rate is a key component in keeping both the money market and the goods market in equilibrium. Under the Mundell–Fleming framework of a small economy facing perfect capital mobility, the domestic interest rate is fixed and equilibrium in both markets can only be maintained by adjustments of the nominal exchange rate or the money supply (by international funds flows).

Example
The Mundell–Fleming model applied to a small open economy facing perfect capital mobility, in which the domestic interest rate is exogenously determined by the world interest rate, shows stark differences from the closed economy model.

Consider an exogenous increase in government expenditure. Under the IS-LM model, the IS curve shifts rightward, with the LM curve intact, causing the interest rate and output to rise. But for a small open economy with perfect capital mobility and a flexible exchange rate, the domestic interest rate is predetermined by the horizontal BoP curve, and so by the LM equation given previously there is exactly one level of output that can make the money market be in equilibrium at that interest rate. Any exogenous changes affecting the IS curve (such as government spending changes) will be exactly offset by resulting exchange rate changes, and the IS curve will end up in its original position, still intersecting the LM and BoP curves at their intersection point.

The Mundell–Fleming model under a fixed exchange rate regime also has completely different implications from those of the closed economy IS-LM model. In the closed economy model, if the central bank expands the money supply the LM curve shifts out, and as a result income goes up and the domestic interest rate goes down. But in the Mundell–Fleming open economy model with perfect capital mobility, monetary policy becomes ineffective. An expansionary monetary policy resulting in an incipient outward shift of the LM curve would make capital flow out of the economy. The central bank under a fixed exchange rate system would have to instantaneously intervene by selling foreign money in exchange for domestic money to maintain the exchange rate. The accommodated monetary outflows exactly offset the intended rise in the domestic money supply, completely offsetting the tendency of the LM curve to shift to the right, and the interest rate remains equal to the world rate of interest.

Exchange rate expectations
One of the assumptions of the Mundell–Fleming model is that domestic and foreign securities are perfect substitutes. Provided the world interest rate $$i^\star $$ is given, the model predicts the domestic rate will become the same level of the world rate by arbitrage in money markets. However, in reality, the world interest rate is different from the domestic rate. Rüdiger Dornbusch considered how exchange rate expectations have an effect on the exchange rate. Given the approximate formula:
 * $$ i = i^\star + \frac{ e' }{e} - 1 $$

and if the elasticity of expectations $$\sigma$$, is less than unity, then we have
 * $$ \frac{di}{de} = \sigma - 1 < 0 \quad . $$

Since domestic output is $$y = E (i, y) + T(e, y) $$, the differentiation of income with regard to the exchange rate becomes
 * $$ \frac{d y}{d e} = \frac{\partial E}{\partial i} \frac{di}{de} + \frac{\partial E}{\partial y} \frac{dy}{de} + \frac{\partial T}{\partial e} + \frac{\partial T}{\partial y} \frac{dy}{de} $$
 * $$ \frac{dy}{de} = \frac{1}{ 1 - E_{y} - T_{y} } \left( E_{i} \frac{di}{de} + T_{e} \right) \; . $$

The standard IS-LM theory gives us the following basic relations:
 * $$ E_{i} < 0 \;, \quad E_{y} = 1-s > 0 $$
 * $$ T_{e} > 0 \;, \quad T_{y} = - m < 0    \; . $$

Investment and consumption increase as the interest rates decrease, and currency depreciation improves the trade balance.
 * $$ \frac{dy}{de} = \frac{1}{s+m} \left( E_{i} \frac{di}{de} + T_{e}   \right)  $$
 * $$ \frac{dy}{de} = \frac{1}{s+m} \left( E_{i} ( \sigma - 1 ) + T_{e}   \right) \; .  $$

Then the total differentiations of trade balance and the demand for money are derived.
 * $$ dT = \frac{\partial T}{\partial e} de + \frac{\partial T}{\partial y} dy = T_{e} de + T_{y} dy $$
 * $$ dL = \frac{\partial L}{\partial i} di + \frac{\partial L}{\partial y} dy = L_{i} di + L_{y} dy $$
 * $$ L_{i} < 0 \;, \quad L_{y} > 0 $$

and then, it turns out that
 * $$ \frac{dT}{dL} = \frac{ T_{e} (s+m) + T_{y} ( E_{i} (\sigma -1) + T_{e} ) }{  L_{i} (\sigma - 1) (s+m) + L_{y} (  E_{i} (\sigma - 1) + T_{e}   ) } $$
 * $$ \frac{dT}{dL} = \frac{ T_{e} s + T_{y} E_{i} (\sigma -1) }{  L_{i} (\sigma - 1) (s+m) + L_{y} (  E_{i} (\sigma - 1) + T_{e}   ) }  \; .  $$

The denominator is positive, and the numerator is positive or negative. Thus, a monetary expansion, in the short run, does not necessarily improve the trade balance. This result is not compatible with what the Mundell–Fleming predicts. This is a consequence of introducing exchange rate expectations which the MF theory ignores. Nevertheless, Dornbusch concludes that monetary policy is still effective even if it worsens a trade balance, because a monetary expansion pushes down interest rates and encourages spending. He adds that, in the short run, fiscal policy works because it raises interest rates and the velocity of money.

Inferences
The economic historian Charles Read has pointed out that Sir Robert Peel's economic policies in 1840s Britain closely followed the irreconcilable policies of the policy trilemma predicted by the model:

(i) Fixing the value of British currency to a gold standard, with the paper pound currency freely convertible to gold.

(ii) A limited banknote supply based on a fixed relationship to the gold reserve.

(iii) Free movement of bullion flows from 1819 and lower import tariffs on food and raw materials from 1842 (often loosely referred to as free trade).

(iv) Control of interest rates and a balanced budget in order to reduce the national debt.

The loss of control of interest rates and serious economic crisis every ten years (1847, 1857, 1866) is consistent with this analysis.

title: Mundell–Fleming model


text:
Talk:Office etiquette

I am the sole author of this page at this point and nothing on this page is copied from a copywrited page. Ravedave 05:42, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps on the basis that there is so little difference between Office Etiquette and Etiquette in general, merging the articles sounds like a good idea to me. Joekoz451 19:57, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Office etiquette deserves its own article. Many points of office or business etiquette do not occur in any other situation. It is also a relatively recent area of etiquette. THB 08:03, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Agreed, it could be considered a subset of business etiquette in that sense, but 'office etiquette' would specifically focus on conventions and decorums related to sharing physical workspace with others. Cander0000 12:39, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Proper noun?
I don't think "Office Etiquette" should be capitalized, so I changed this.--Daveswagon 07:19, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Merging
Rather than place on AfD, I've decided to merge this page. Any suggestions or objections should be voiced in the next few days. John Reaves 22:45, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I have no objection to a merge. -- Chrislk02 (Chris Kreider) 14:16, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Office etiquette


text:
Alore

Alore is a village in the Chiplun taluka of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India. It lies on a bypass of the state highway linking the nearest town of Chiplun to Karad, and is located about 12.0 km east of the nearest town, that is Chiplun.

Alore pin code is 415603 and postal head office is Alore.

Kolkewadi ( 2 km ), Pedhambe ( 3 km ), Adare ( 6 km ), Gane ( 6 km ), Kanhe ( 7 km ) are the nearby villages to Alore. Alore is surrounded by Khed Taluka towards north, Patan Taluka towards east, Sangmeshwar Taluka towards south, Guhagar Taluka towards west.

Chiplun, Satara, Mahabaleswar, Karad are the nearby cities to Alore.

Language
Marathi is the most common language spoken here.

title: Alore


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Various 9/11 casualties

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus for Ong, Sweeney or Ogonowski, transwiki for the rest -- Francs2000 | Talk 01:09, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Betty Ong, Madeline Amy Sweeney, David Charlebois, Steven D. Jacoby, CeeCee Lyles, Alan Beaven, Colleen L. Fraser, Thomas F. McGuinness, Jr., John Ogonowski
These are all the remaining 9/11 casualties I could find who haven't yet had their articles transwikied to the September 11 memorial wiki (which was set up a long time ago for the hosting of these pages, and to which nearly all articles like this have been moved), and who didn't appear to be notable in a way that would merit their inclusion in the main part of the encyclopedia (I was quite conservative about this and decided not to VfD many borderline cases). My vote is not to delete, but to transwiki, as has been done with all the others, so that these brief articles can grow into more extensive pages on a wiki specially created for the purpose. Wikipedia itself is not a memorial, and the people listed here are unfortunately not notable except for the tragic circumstances of their deaths. — Trilobite (Talk) 05:42, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, I wholeheartedly agree, I only voted delete last time because i didnt know about transwiki so I'll change my vote 2 that. Supersaiyanplough|(talk) 07:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note to others: the "last time" refers to the VfD of the casualty lists, which resulted in their transwikiage, not to a previous VfD of these articles. — Trilobite (Talk) 07:53, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. Thryduulf 07:49, 15 July 2005 (UTC) . This superceded by my second one below. Thryduulf 10:10, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Betty Ong, Madeline Amy Sweeney for their role in providing the outside world with info about the hijack and John Ogonowski for being a notable representative in farming before his death. Transwiki the rest. - Mgm|(talk) 08:55, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I wonder if the first two could do with a merge into American Airlines Flight 11 (with seperate pages on the sep11 wiki for all the personal tribute stuff). I'm not sure how much there is to say about them of real encyclopedic value that wouldn't actually fit better in that article, since their role that day relates to the story of the flight, instead of having it in two biographical spin-offs with personal padding. If Ogonowski's farming side of things is encyclopedic enough then he would be independently notable and deserve an article, but I would tend to think of the actions of the two flight attentdants as making them worthy of note as part of the story of 9/11, not in their own seperate articles. — Trilobite (Talk) 09:13, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki the lot of them. Radiant_ >|< 09:00, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Ong and Sweeney, keep Ogonowski, and transwiki the rest. -- M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 09:50, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Transwiki as below:
 * Betty Ong and Medeline Amy Sweeney: merge into American Airlines Flight 11 and Transwiki the personal memorial stuff
 * Others: Transwiki. Thryduulf 10:10, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. She has a day named after. Kojangee July 15th, 2005 20:03 Beijing Time
 * Who does? — Trilobite (Talk) 14:23, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all,WP:NOT a memorial. -Splash 14:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all, agreed with Splash james gibbon  16:04, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all Wikipedia is not a war memorial. Fifelfoo 00:42, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (1st choice) or Merge (2nd choice) Betty Ong and Madeline Amy Sweeney; and Keep John Ogonowski and Alan Beaven; and Weak Keep for Colleen L. Fraser. --Calton | Talk 02:40, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all, Wikipedia is not a memorial. JamesBurns 04:36, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Ong, Sweeney, Ogonowski; Transwiki the rest, per Mgm. Xoloz 15:31, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all Evil Monkey∴Hello 00:06, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Ong, Sweeney, and Lyles, as they provided information to the outside world by making calls, Keep Ogonowski for the same reason (information about his actions in Sweeney article) and for notability as agricultural activist. Keep Fraser for notability as activist for the disabled. Transwiki the rest. Dsmdgold 03:29, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete/transwiki all - people aren't notable just because they die, even if they die in a really distasteful way. An An 05:34, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki all. -- BD2412 talk 17:31, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (do not merge) Betty Ong and Madeline Amy Sweeney for notability in providing information. No vote on others. —Lowellian (talk) 23:01, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all of the articles listed. Combining titles on VfD like this is generally a bad idea (IMHO).  —RaD Man (talk) 05:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Mundell–Fleming model

Copyvio
The merged article Mundell-Fleming Model was a copyright violation of. The article has been reverted to the pre-copyvio version, and the offending revisions have been removed from the history of both this article and the merged article. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Mechanics
Sweet! The mechanics is done. Now, it's time for graphics! __earth (Talk) 03:06, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Impossible trinity
The impossible trinity should not be merged. It does not depend on the Fleming-Mundell model to hold. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.126.149.97(contribs) 22:10, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Mundell–Fleming model. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090219095757/http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/kdhoover/pdf/Hope/Young.pdf to http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/faculty/kdhoover/pdf/Hope/Young.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:49, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mundell–Fleming model


text:
Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902

The Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 (Cth) was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which set out who was entitled to vote in Australian federal elections. The Act established, in time for the 1903 Australian federal election, suffrage for federal elections for those who were British subjects over 21 years of age who had lived in Australia for six months. The Act excluded natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands (other than New Zealand) from the federal franchise, unless they were already enrolled to vote in an Australian state. The Act gave Australian women the right to vote and stand for parliament at the federal level unless they fell into one of the categories of people excluded from the franchise.

The Act was repealed and replaced by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918.

History
Before the Federation of Australia in 1901, Australia consisted of six colonies, each with its own voting system and franchise. After federation, the colonies became states with the constitutional power to determine their own voting system and franchise. Women were excluded from the vote in all states except South Australia and Western Australia. In Western Australia, Indigenous Australians, Asians and Africans were excluded from voting unless they met a property qualification. In Queensland, 'Aboriginal natives of Australia, India, China or the South Sea Islands' could not vote unless they met a property qualification.

Section 41 of the Constitution of Australia governed how the first federal election in 1901 was to be conducted. It provided that any person who was enrolled and eligible to vote in a State election could also vote in a federal election, whereas this Act defined the franchise for federal elections nationally. The bill was introduced into the Senate by Richard O'Connor, the Vice-President of the Executive Council, and later in the House of Representatives by the Minister for Home Affairs, William Lyne. It is one of the few major pieces of legislation to be introduced in the Senate before the House.

The Act
The Act originally had only five sections. The main provision was section three, which provided that electors in a federal election were to be naturally born British subjects over twenty-one years of age, male or female, married or single, who had lived in Australia for at least six months, and who were on the electoral roll in any federal electoral division. Therefore, women gained the right to vote in federal elections even if they were not enfranchised in their state.

Section 4 of the Act made a range of disqualifications from the general definition in section 3. People who had at any time been convicted of treason could not vote. A person who was under sentence or awaiting sentence for any offence which could be punished by imprisonment for one year or longer (under the law of Australia, or of the United Kingdom, or of any other Dominion of the Empire) was also not allowed to vote. People of "unsound mind" were also disqualified. Indigenous people of Australia, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands (excluding New Zealand) were not entitled to enroll to vote in a federal election unless they were already enrolled in a state and met the requirements of Section 41 of the Australian Constitution.

Section 41 of the constitution provides that no adult person with a right to vote at an election for a state parliament can be prevented by any law of the Commonwealth from voting at a federal election. This section was subsequently interpreted narrowly to mean that only those who were enrolled to vote in state elections before the passing of the Act had their right to vote protected under this section of the constitution.

Section 44 of the constitution disqualifies a range of people from being elected to the House of Representatives or the Senate, such as any person with an allegiance to a foreign power (such as a citizen of another country), or anyone who is bankrupt or insolvent. However, these people were not prevented from voting by the Act.

Section 5 of the Act provided that no person could vote more than once at an election.

Women's suffrage
Women in the four states without female suffrage achieved the right to vote in Commonwealth elections under Section 3 of this Act.

The provision on female suffrage was subject to lengthy debate. Some politicians were concerned that allowing women to vote would discriminate in favour of married men, since, in the words of Sir Edward Braddon, "the married man, happy in his family, whose wife's vote is one which he can command… will have two votes." Much of the opposition to the granting of women's suffrage in the Act was grounded in the belief that, in the words of William Knox, "the main ambition of a woman's life should be to become the wife of an honourable and honest man." However, there was much support for granting the vote to women, and the bill was approved by large majorities in both houses of parliament.

Racial restrictions
The Barton government originally intended that Aboriginal Australians should have the right to vote in federal elections, but the proposal met strong opposition in parliament. Senator George Pearce argued that pastoralists in areas with large Indigenous populations could manipulate Indigenous people to vote for particular candidates. Most of the opponents of an Indigenous federal franchise, however, claimed that Aboriginal Australians were not fit to vote in elections or stand for parliament. During the parliamentary debates over the Act, King O'Malley said, "An Aboriginal is not as intelligent as a Māori. There is no scientific evidence that he is a human being at all."

The bill was amended in light of this opposition and the Act disqualified natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands (except New Zealand Māori ) from voting in federal elections, unless they were entitled under section 41 of the constitution. The exclusion of "coloured" immigrants from the franchise was in line with the White Australia policy which had widespread parliamentary and community support. The exception for Māori was supported by parliamentarians on the grounds that Māori had the vote in New Zealand and were "highly civilised".

Related laws
The Act established a First-past-the-post voting system, postal voting and absent voting at the federal level. In 1908, a permanent electoral roll was established and in 1911, it became compulsory for all eligible voters to enroll on the electoral roll. Compulsory enrolment led to a large increase in voter turnout, even though voting was still voluntary. From 1912, elections have been held on Saturdays.

Legacy
In 1918, the Act was repealed and replaced by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. Many of the present features of the Australian electoral system were introduced after the 1918 Act came in force. Instant-runoff voting was introduced for the House of Representatives in 1918, compulsory voting was introduced in 1924, and the single transferable vote was introduced for the Senate in 1949. All Indigenous Australians were granted the right to vote at federal elections in 1962. The qualifying voting age was lowered to 18 in 1973.

title: Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902


text: Template:Advert

title: Template:Advert


text:
Longwood, Huddersfield

Longwood is a village and suburb of the town of Huddersfield in the English county of West Yorkshire. It is situated some 2.5 mi west of Huddersfield town centre, in the valley of the Longwood Brook, a tributary of the River Colne.

The village is the home of the Longwood Sing, an annual event, where choirs from around the area gather to sing hymns and songs. Near the amphitheatre, where the sing takes place, the folly Nab End Tower can be found. The tower was built in 1861 by unemployed local woollen mill workers. In 2008 it was restored by Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council at a cost of £200,000.

There are also three reservoirs that supply Huddersfield. They were built around 1840, although strengthening work in the 1930s makes them appear newer. One now covered and the lower reservoir looking more like a natural lake that is called a compensation reservoir - 'Compensation' as it was set up to compensate the mill owner for water lost from natural sources that now went to the main reservoirs to be distributed by the water corporation under 'rates' systems - although the mill owner was most likely the owner of the main reservoir too.

During the 1840s, Longwood was the home to the Hanson family of Ballroyd. Mary Hanson set up a carrying business to supplement her husband's income from farming and soon the Hanson wagons were seen taking the Great North Road to London. James Hanson, founder and former chairman of Hanson plc, is a direct descendant of the Ballroyd family. When he was made a life peer, he took the title Baron Hanson of Edgerton after the nearby suburb of Edgerton.

Longwood was built up around the woollen industry and its mills, most of which have now been demolished and replaced by housing. As a result of this the village has recently seen an influx of new inhabitants.

In 2005, a campaign was mounted to save the Longwood allotment plots (situated behind the Mechanics' Institute) from being developed into housing.

Longwood Church is dedicated to St. Mark, and is in the Church of England parish of Huddersfield, being a perpetual curacy. Longwood is also home to the 27th Longwood Scout Group.

The name Longwood derives from Old English Lang wudu, meaning "The Long Wood".

title: Longwood, Huddersfield


text:
Service number

A service number or roll number is an identification code used to identify a person within a large group. Service numbers are most often associated with the military; however, they also may be used in civilian organizations. National identification numbers may be seen as types of service numbers.

The term "serial number" is often seen as a synonym of service number; however, a serial number more accurately describes manufacture and product codes, rather than personnel identification. In the Canadian military, a "serial number" referred to a unique number assigned each unit that mobilized for the Second World War.

Australia
In the First Australian Imperial Force soldiers were allotted numbers known as regimental numbers. These were allotted to NCOs and other ranks but not to officers or nurses, who had no numbers. Regimental numbers were rarely unique. Each battalion or corps had its own sequence, usually starting at 1, although some units were formed in the field and this did not occur. The result was that several dozen soldiers had the prestigious number 1, which was usually given to the Regimental Sergeant Major or the Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant. When soldiers were transferred from one unit to another, they often kept their number if it was not already held by someone else. Otherwise, they might be allotted a new number or the letter A or B might be added to make the number unique with their unit again. Re-enlisted soldiers often used the additional letter R. In 1917, the AIF switched to a scheme whereby reinforcements were drawn from the common pool instead of being supplied on a per-unit or corps basis. These were known as "general reinforcements" and they were allotted unique numbers in the range of 50000–80000. Despite the limitations of the scheme, in researching a soldier, it is handy to know the regimental number.

In 1921, the assignment of identifying numbers based on regiments was abolished in the Australian Army and replaced with an Army-wide system. This meant that soldiers in all branches of the Army received a unique number, and if they re-enlisted they kept their previously allocated number.

The problems inherent in the First World War scheme were acknowledged and all members of the Second Australian Imperial Force were allocated a unique service number known as an Army number. The first letter represented the state of enlistment: N: New South Wales; V: Victoria; Q: Queensland; S: South Australia; W: Western Australia; T: Tasmania; D: Northern Territory. The serial numbers of female soldiers followed this with an F. AIF serial number then had an X. A low number indicated an early enlistment. General Sir Thomas Blamey was VX1. Soldiers transferring from the Militia often kept their old number with 100,000 added, while PMF officers had 200,000 added.

Following the Second World War, the system employed by the Australian Army was quite complex, as the Second AIF was disbanded and an Interim Army was established. A dual system existed until July 1947 as existing personnel kept their Second AIF numbers until that point, while new enlistments received a service number starting from X500000, while maintaining the state-based prefix of the old Second AIF system. For the second half of 1947, numbers were allocated starting from X700000, again prefixed with the state of recruitment. However, from September 1947, another system based on military districts was introduced for members of the Australian Regular Army, while personnel who enlisted specifically for service during the Korean War with K-Force received numbers beginning from 400,000, although those who volunteered for service with the Regular Army Supplement received a new number beginning with 900,000 and others who transferred from the Interim Army to K-Force received a new number beginning with 905,000, beginning with a number from 1 to 8 representing each state and territory (beginning with Queensland), including Papua New Guinea. This system (the 900,000 series) remained in use until 2002, when it was replaced with an integrated system based on the Personnel Management Key Solution (PMKeyS) system, which moved the Australian Defence Force away from service numbers to employee numbers.

Canada
Canada began using "Regimental Numbers" during the First World War.

During the Second World War, units were allocated blocks of Regimental Numbers to issue out, usually in the 5 or 6 digit range, though extremely low numbers were also possible due to the blocks.

 * X12345: the X was an alphabetic character denoting the Military District the soldier was recruited in (A represented MD1, B MD2, etc.) Up until 1945, officers never received numbers and were identified by name and rank only.

The Social Insurance Number (SIN) replaced the regimental number in the 1960s.

 * 123 456 789

The SIN was itself replaced by a Service Number in the 1990s.

 * X12 345 678

The use of the SIN was granted by Revenue Canada to the CF for service numbers as a temporary measure and was revoked in the 1990s. The new Service Number used a random alphabetic letter and 8 numbers in the same format as SINs to avoid changing service forms.

Hong Kong
Current officers of the Hong Kong Police use a 5 digit number and are worn by all ranks below senior officers.

The same numbering pattern is used by the Hong Kong Correctional Services and the Hong Kong Fire Services.

United Kingdom
Soldiers in the British Army are given an eight-digit number, e.g. 25232301. Prior to 1920, each regiment issued their own service numbers which were unique only within that regiment, so the same number could be issued many times in different regiments. When a serviceman moved, he would be given a new service number by his new regiment. Commissioned officers did not have service numbers until 1920. The modern system was introduced by Army Order 338 dated 9 August 1920. Numbers were then a maximum of seven digits, later groups of numbers up to eight digits were added.

Until 1960, National Servicemen who voluntarily remained in the Armed Forces continued to use their National Service numbers. Until 2007 and the introduction of the Joint Personnel Administration (JPA) system, Army Officers were issued with a six-digit Personal Number, as opposed to the eight-digit Army Number for enlisted personnel. Newly commissioned officers now receive an eight-digit service number, but six-digit Officers' Personal Numbers issued prior to the introduction of JPA remained unchanged.

In the Royal Navy, prior to the introduction of JPA, service numbers were also of eight digits but began and ended with a letter, depending initially on the depot where the sailor was recruited. The first letter designators were: P (Portsmouth), C (Chatham), and D (Devonport), with the final letter being a checksum. Later, the designators were reassigned and were used to distinguish between men and women within the Royal Navy as well as to distinguish between officers and ratings. A service number beginning with D designated a Royal Navy male rating, W a Royal Navy female rating, C male officers, and V female officers. P designated a Royal Marines other rank, while N a Royal Marine officer. Following the introduction of JPA, all newly issued Royal Navy service numbers became an eight-digit number format beginning with 3, with no distinction made between male, female, ratings, officers, and Royal Marines.

United States
The Armed forces of the United States introduced service numbers in 1918, and discontinued their use in 1974. In 2011, the Department of Defense began implementing a new service number system in order to reduce identity theft. The first U.S. military member to hold a service number was Arthur Crean.

The following formats were used to denote U.S. military service numbers:

 * 12-345-678: United States Army enlisted service numbers and United States Air Force enlisted service numbers
 * 123-45-67: United States Navy enlisted service numbers
 * 1234-567: United States Coast Guard enlisted service numbers
 * 123456: United States Marine Corps enlisted service numbers
 * 12345: Service number format for most U.S. military officers

Social Security Numbers are today used as the primary means to identify members of the U.S. military. The common format for social security numbers is 123-45-6789.

Effective June 2011, the US military has introduced a plan to eliminate the use of Social Security Numbers on military and dependent ID cards and replace them with a service number, in an effort to prevent identity theft against members of the armed services. All members have now been issued a DoD ID number for this purpose.

title: Service number


text:
Bunny (webcomic)

Bunny is a daily webcomic by Lem (b. 1984-03-20), the pseudonym of a Welsh artist named Huw Davies. Launched in August 2004, Bunny follows the gag-a-day formula, with no true plotline. The subject matter of Bunny varies widely (with topics ranging from popular Internet culture, to current events, to rabbit ninjas), but usually portrays the pink bunny protagonist's uncomplicated take on a given situation.

Characters

 * The Pink Bunny: The Pink Bunny is the main character and the strip's only constant. In early strips, the Pink Bunny seemed taken by flying old airplanes, and sometimes has seemed to be gifted with insight and stupidity. The Pink Bunny is also seen skateboarding on some occasions. The Pink Bunny's language relates everything to itself; everything, no matter how seemingly unrelated, is described as integral to the Bunny's being.

 * The Blue Bunny: The Blue Bunny (sometimes called purple) may or may not be the Pink Bunny's cousin, commonly used as a random extra character. The Blue Bunny's language does not describe objects per se, but instead describes where they might go or be seen, or what they might do.

 * The Orange Bunny: The Orange Bunny also may or may not be the Pink Bunny's cousin. The Orange bunny has always seemed quite malicious, known to love explosions, and is apparently using its life for scenes of destruction and being annoying. The Orange Bunny does not have a language per se; as the only one of his kind, he communicates via telepathy.

 * Others:

 * The randomly appearing ninja, pirate, and stealth ninja pirate bunnies share a love for watermelons and Canada, coming in mostly to present the idea of battle or war. They are known to communicate via sign language.

 * The comic "Extended Family" shows different colored bunnies, including green, red, yellow, and navy. Humans are very rarely drawn, and a squirrel character has appeared twice as a friend of the Pink Bunny. Bats, bunny zombies, and alien parasites have also appeared. A ninja character has made recurring, traffic courtesy-themed appearances, starting in "Now You See Him, Now You Don't." Bunnies also occasionally keep small, fuzzy, orange creatures called Peevs around as pets.

Printed editions

 * Davies, Huw. The Selected Strips of Bunny: The Book of Random. Freak Ash Books. ISBN 0-9553403-0-6 (ISBN ) and ISBN 978-0-9553403-0-7 (ISBN )
 * Davies, Huw. Bunny: Book of Random Pt. 2: The Book of Perpetual Bewilderment. Freak Ash Books. ISBN 0-9553403-6-5 (ISBN ) ISBN 978-0-9553403-6-9 (ISBN )

title: Bunny (webcomic)


text:
File:Bettye Ackerman.jpg

→Bettye Ackerman and Vincent Edwards in Ben Casey (1961–1966)

Fair use in Bettye Ackerman
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article's subject during her career, and her most notable role in the television series Ben Casey.
 * 2) The image is a screenshot from a single frame of a single episode of the television series.
 * 3) The use of the screenshot will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the television episode.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) The character and the television series are copyrighted, and so it is impossible to replace the screenshot with an uncopyrighted or freely licensed image.  The actress is furthermore deceased, and so a freely licensed image of her is not possible to obtain or create, let alone one that depicts her during the period for which she is notable.

Fair use in Ben Casey
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the show that is the article's topic, and the lead characters in that series.
 * 2) The image provides important visual information about the characters in the context of the show.
 * 3) The image is a screenshot from a single frame of a single episode of the television series.
 * 4) The use of the screenshot will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the television episode.
 * 5) It is a low resolution image.
 * 6) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 7) The characters and the television series are copyrighted, and so it is impossible to replace the screenshot with an uncopyrighted or freely licensed image.

title: File:Bettye Ackerman.jpg