text:
Mark Rylance

Sir David Mark Rylance Waters (born 18 January 1960) is an English actor, playwright and theatre director. He is known for his roles on stage and screen having received numerous awards including an Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Olivier Awards and three Tony Awards. In 2016 he was included in the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people. In 2017 he was made a knight by Queen Elizabeth II.

He was the first artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe in London, between 1995 and 2005. After training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, he made his professional debut at the Citizens Theatre in Glasgow in 1980. He appeared in the West End productions of Much Ado About Nothing in 1994 and Jerusalem in 2010, winning the Olivier Award for Best Actor for both. He has also appeared on Broadway, winning three Tony Awards: two for Best Actor for Boeing Boeing in 2008 and Jerusalem in 2011, and one for Best Featured Actor for Twelfth Night in 2014. He received Best Actor nominations for Richard III in 2014 and Farinelli and the King in 2017.

Rylance's film appearances include Prospero's Books (1991), Angels & Insects (1995), Institute Benjamenta (1996), Intimacy (2001) and The Other Boleyn Girl (2008). He attracted attention for his portrayal of Rudolf Abel in Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies (2015), for which he won the Academy Award and BAFTA for Best Supporting Actor. He subsequently collaborated with Spielberg in the title role of The BFG (2016) adapted from the Roald Dahl children's book and as James Halliday in Ready Player One (2018) based on the novel of the same name. Other notable roles include in the films Dunkirk (2017), The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020), Don't Look Up (2021), Bones and All (2022) and The Outfit (2022).

On television, Rylance won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for his role as David Kelly in the 2005 Channel 4 drama The Government Inspector and for playing Thomas Cromwell in the 2015 BBC Two mini-series Wolf Hall; for the latter role, he also received Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations. Rylance is a patron of the London International Festival of Theatre; of the London-based charity Peace Direct, which supports peace-builders in areas of conflict; and of the British Stop the War Coalition.

Early life and education
Rylance was born in Ashford, Kent to Anne (née Skinner) and David Waters, both teachers of English. One of his grandmothers was Irish. Both of his grandfathers were British POWs of the Japanese. His maternal grandfather, Osmond Skinner, spent decades as a banker with the Hong Kong Shanghai Bank. After being shot in the stomach during the Battle of Hong Kong, Skinner was recuperating when he witnessed the St. Stephen's College massacre. He then spent four years in a POW camp. He was able to survive thanks to HSBC contacts who brought him food.

Rylance's parents moved to the US in 1962; he first moved to Connecticut, then to Wisconsin in 1969, where his father and mother taught English at the University School of Milwaukee, which Rylance attended. He returned to England in 1978. Rylance has a sister named Susannah, an opera singer and author, and a deceased brother, Jonathan, who was a sommelier at Chez Panisse.

Rylance took the stage name of Mark Rylance because his given name, Mark Waters, was already taken by someone else registered with Equity. He trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London from 1978 to 1980 under Hugh Cruttwell; and with Barbara and Peter Bridgmont at the Chrysalis Theatre School in Balham, London.

1980–1999: Royal Shakespeare Company
In 1980 Rylance gained his professional acting debut in the Shaun Lawton play Desperado Corner at the Glasgow Citizens' Theatre. In 1982 and 1983 he performed in numerous productions at the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in Stratford-upon-Avon and London. During this time he acted in productions of The Taming of the Shrew, The Tempest and A Midsummer Night's Dream. In 1988 Rylance played Hamlet with the RSC in Ron Daniels' production that toured Ireland and Britain for a year. The play then ran in Stratford-upon-Avon. Hamlet toured the US for two years. In 1990 Rylance and Claire van Kampen (later his wife) founded "Phoebus' Cart", their own theatre company. The following year, the company staged The Tempest on the road.

In 1995 Rylance became the first artistic director of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, a post he held until 2005. Rylance directed and acted in every season, in works by Shakespeare and others, including an all-male production of Twelfth Night, in which he played Olivia, and Richard III in the title role. Under his directorate, new plays were also performed at the Globe, the first being Augustine's Oak (referring to Augustine of Canterbury and Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England) by Peter Oswald, the writer-in-residence, which was performed in 1999. A second play by Oswald followed in 2002: The Golden Ass or the Curious Man.

Rylance played the lead in Gillies MacKinnon's film The Grass Arena (1991), and won the Radio Times Award for Best Newcomer. In 1993 he starred in Matthew Warchus' production of Much Ado About Nothing at the Queen's Theatre, produced by Thelma Holt. His Benedick won him an Olivier Award for Best Actor.

2000–2009: Broadway debut and acclaim
For his role as Jay in Intimacy (2001), directed by Patrice Chéreau, he received real, rather than simulated, fellatio. He took the leading role as British weapons expert David Kelly in Peter Kosminsky's The Government Inspector (2005), an award-winning Channel 4 production for which he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in 2005. That same year, Oswald's third play written for the Globe was first performed: The Storm, an adaptation of Plautus comedy Rudens (The Rope) – "argu[ably]" one of the sources of Shakespeare's The Tempest. Other historical first nights were organised by Rylance while director of the Globe including Twelfth Night performed in 2002 at Middle Temple, to commemorate its first performance there exactly 400 years before, and Measure for Measure at Hampton Court in summer 2004. In 2007 he received a Sam Wanamaker Award together with his wife Claire van Kampen, Director of Music, and Jenny Tiramani, Director of Costume Design, for the founding work during the opening ten years at Shakespeare's Globe.

In 2007 Rylance wrote (co-conceived by John Dove) and starred in The BIG Secret Live 'I am Shakespeare' Webcam Daytime Chatroom Show (A comedy of Shakespearean identity crisis), which toured England in 2007. On 8 September 2007 Derek Jacobi and Rylance unveiled a Declaration of Reasonable Doubt on the authorship of William Shakespeare's work, after the final matinée performance of The Big Secret Live "I am Shakespeare" Webcam Daytime Chat-Room Show in Chichester. The actual author of Shakespeare's plays is variously proposed to be Christopher Marlowe; Francis Bacon; Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford; or Mary Sidney (Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke). The declaration named 20 prominent doubters of the past, including Mark Twain, John Gielgud, Charlie Chaplin and actor Leslie Howard (later withdrawn from the list), and was made by the Shakespeare Authorship Coalition duly signed online by 300 people to begin new research. Jacobi and Rylance presented a copy of the document to William Leahy, head of English at Brunel University London.

In 2016 the writer Ben Elton delivered a riposte to this "batty" premise in the episode "If You Prick Us, Do We Not Bleed" of his television comedy Upstart Crow. The great but "self-regarding and pretentious" actor Wolf Hall (played by Ben Miller) joins Burbage's acting company to play Shylock. The character Wolf Hall confronts Shakespeare (played by David Mitchell) with the suggestion that he didn't write his own plays; it is a satirical portrait of Rylance and his opinion.

In 2007 Rylance performed in Boeing-Boeing in London. In 2008 he reprised the role on Broadway and won Drama Desk and Tony Awards for his performance. In 2009 Rylance won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award Best Actor, 2009 for his role of Johnny Byron in Jerusalem written by Jez Butterworth at the Royal Court Theatre in London.

2010–2019: Career expansion

In 2010 Rylance starred in a revival of David Hirson's verse play La Bête. The play ran first at London's Comedy Theatre before transferring to the Music Box Theatre on Broadway, on 23 September 2010. Also in 2010 he won another Olivier award for best actor in the role of Johnny Byron in Jerusalem at the Apollo Theatre in London. In 2011 he won his second Tony Award for playing the same role in the Broadway production. In 2013 Shakespeare's Globe brought two all-male productions to Broadway, starring Rylance as Olivia in Twelfth Night and in the title role in Richard III, for a limited run in repertory. He won his third Tony Award for his performance as Olivia and was nominated for his performance as Richard III.

He played Thomas Cromwell in Wolf Hall (2015), BBC Two's adaptation of Hilary Mantel's historical novels Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies. For his performance, he was nominated for numerous accolades including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie. Rylance was featured as the castaway on the BBC radio programme Desert Island Discs on 15 February 2015.

Rylance co-starred in the biographical drama Bridge of Spies, released in October 2015, directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Tom Hanks, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda. The film is about the 1960 U-2 Incident and the arrest and conviction of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel and the exchange of Abel for U-2 pilot Gary Powers. Rylance, who had previously turned down a role offered by Spielberg in the 1987 film Empire of the Sun, plays Abel and has received unanimous universal acclaim for his performance, with many critics claiming it as the best performance of 2015. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch quoted, "As the deeply principled Donovan, Hanks deftly balances earnestness and humour. And Rylance's spirited performance is almost certain to yield an Oscar nomination." David Edelstein from New York cited 'It's Rylance who keeps Bridge of Spies standing. He gives a teeny, witty, fabulously non-emotive performance, every line musical and slightly ironic – the irony being his forthright refusal to deceive in a world founded on lies." Rylance won the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and New York Film Critics Circle Award in the Best Supporting Actor categories, as well as receiving Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, among other wins and nominations.

Rylance played the title role in Spielberg's The BFG, a film adaptation of the children's book by Roald Dahl. Filming took place in 2015, and the film was released in July 2016. In 2016 Rylance co-wrote and starred in the new comedy play Nice Fish at St. Ann's Warehouse, New York. The production subsequently transferred to the Harold Pinter Theatre in London's West End. Rylance had a major role in Christopher Nolan's 2017 action-thriller Dunkirk, based on the British military evacuation of the French city of Dunkirk in 1940 during the Second World War. The film co-starred Tom Hardy, Kenneth Branagh, Cillian Murphy and Harry Styles. In 2018 Rylance made his third collaboration with Spielberg acting playing James Halliday in the science-fiction epic film Ready Player One. That same year Rylance starred in Farinelli and the King on the Broadway stage earning a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, his fifth career Tony Award nomination. Later that year 2018, he appeared in Waiting for the Barbarians, alongside Johnny Depp and Robert Pattinson. In June 2019, he resigned from the Royal Shakespeare Company due to its sponsorship deal with BP. He last appeared on stage for the RSC in 1989.

2020–present
On 8 September 2019, Rylance revealed to AlloCiné that he was cast to play Satan in the American filmmaker Terrence Malick's upcoming film The Last Planet (since renamed The Way of the Wind). In 2020 Rylance appeared in Aaron Sorkin's legal drama The Trial of the Chicago 7 which was premiered on Netflix. He portrayed William Kunstler, defence counsel, co-founder of the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), board member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and active member of the National Lawyers Guild. The film received near universal praise and was nominated for six Academy Awards.

In 2021 Rylance, in the American political satire and science fiction film Don't Look Up directed by Adam McKay. In the film Rylance portrayed Peter Isherwell, a fictional eccentric billionaire CEO of tech company BASH and top supporter of President Janie Orlean. Delayed by the COVID-19 Pandemic, Dr Semmelweis, a new play, based on the life of Ignaz Semmelweis, written by Stephen Brown and Rylance completed an extended run at the Bristol Old Vic in January and February 2022. Rylance played the lead role of Dr Semmelweis throughout the run in Bristol. In 2022 Rylance appeared in The Outfit, an American crime drama thriller film directed by Graham Moore (his directorial debut), as an English tailor, or, as he prefers to be called, a "cutter", in Chicago whose main clients are a family of gangsters. In the same year, he appeared in the Luca Guadagnino-directed horror film Bones & All, which premiered at the 79th Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2022, and Inland, a British drama directed by Fridtjof Ryder in his directorial debut. In 2023 Rylance once again took the lead role in Dr Semmelweis as it transferred to the Harold Pinter Theatre in London's West End. In 2024 he is set to star opposite J. Smith-Cameron the West End revival of Juno and the Paycock at the Gielgud Theatre.

Marriage and family
Rylance is married to director, composer and playwright Claire van Kampen, whom he met in 1987 while working on a production of The Wandering Jew at the National Theatre. They were married in Oxfordshire on 21 December 1989. Through this marriage, he became a stepfather to her two daughters from a previous marriage, actress Juliet Rylance and filmmaker Nataasha van Kampen. Nataasha died in July 2012 at the age of 28, following which Rylance withdrew from his planned participation in the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London and was replaced by Kenneth Branagh.

Rylance's brother, Jonathan Waters, died in May 2022, following a collision with a vehicle while cycling.

Charity and activism

Rylance became a patron of LIFT (London International Festival of Theatre) in 2013. He said about the festival: "I feel LIFT has done more to influence the growth and adventure of English theatre than any other organisation we have." Rylance became patron of the London Bubble Speech Bubbles project in 2015. "I found a voice through making theatre and am proud to be the patron of Speech Bubbles, which helps hundreds of children to do the same."

Rylance has been a supporter of the indigenous rights organisation Survival International for many years. He is the creator and director of "We Are One", a fundraiser that took place at the Apollo Theatre in April 2010. The evening was a performance of tribal prose and poetry from some of the world's leading actors and musicians. Rylance is a patron of the London-based charity Peace Direct which supports grassroots peacebuilders in areas of conflict, and of the British Stop the War Coalition. He is a member of the Peace Pledge Union, a network of pacifists in the UK. He performed the life and words of Henri, a man living in war-torn eastern Congo, during a presentation in New York City in 2011. He is also patron of The Outside Edge Theatre Company. It works from the perspective of creating theatre and drama with people affected by substance abuse. It provides theatre interventions in drug and alcohol treatment and general community facilities throughout Britain, as well as producing professional public theatre productions that take place in theatres, studio theatres, and art centres.

Rylance has long been an enthusiastic supporter of Conscience: Taxes for Peace not War, which works to change British tax law to allow conscientious objectors the right to redirect that portion of their taxes which would usually go to the military into non-violent methods of conflict resolution. In November 2019, along with other public figures, Rylance signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election. In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 United Kingdom general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."

In 2020 he cut ties with the Royal Shakespeare Company due to its sponsorship by BP stating, "I came to the incontrovertible conclusion that BP is neither sincere nor serious in addressing the climate crisis." He has supported making ecocide a crime at the International Criminal Court, saying, "I believe that ecocide law is very much needed and inevitably on its way. It will be an important step towards a deep connection with Nature. It will provide the moral impetus to change 'business as usual' and lead us towards a true humble love for our home, the Earth."

Interests
Rylance has expressed much interest in crop circles and bonded with Prince Charles (now King) over them. He rejects criticism of his views:"But I've met Prince Charles a number of times now – because he's a great lover of Shakespeare – and I think he's a very conscious person and a good influence. ... Partly, in the end, I felt that because I have an interest in a number of subjects that people try to write off, like Shakespeare's authorship or crop circles – they say I'm insane or not mentally stable – that somehow, a knighthood makes it a little less easy to write me off."

Rylance has cited Robert Mitchum as one of his favourite actors and the 1975 Akira Kurosawa film Dersu Uzala as his favourite film.

Acting credits and accolades
Rylance has received numerous nominations and awards for his performances, including wins at the Tony Awards and BAFTA Awards. At the 88th Academy Awards, Rylance won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Rudolf Abel in Bridge of Spies. He has received three Tony Awards, making him one of only eight actors to have twice won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, while his nominations for Richard III and Twelfth Night in 2014 make him one of only six to be nominated in two acting categories in the same year.

Rylance was created a Knight Bachelor in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to theatre.

title: Mark Rylance


text:
Talk:Torquay United F.C.

Great page
Thank you anyone who has contributed to this page, it looks great.

Slizor 19:12, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * No problems, I live in Torquay and support United so it was more of a little project giving them a wiki they deserved rather than the good but very basic and bare one that already existed. I've also updated the squad list today with a few new players and confirmed squad numbers, added a notable fans section (not that theres many) and inserted a little bit about Waddle's brief stay at the club.

Ajp100688 17:30, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Restructuring
I'm planning to do a fairly major restructuring job on this article in the near future. Apart from clearing up grammatical, spelling and style errors, I think it would be a good idea to move the bulk of the history section to a separate article. Any thoughts anyone? Taiwantaffy 06:45, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd be interested to know what the club badge is all about, it's quite unusual. Dancarney 14:53, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've slapped the 'neutrality' box on here as - although as an Aston Villa fan I know how frustrating a self-serving chairman can be - it's not sufficiently neutral and encyclopaedic IMV Martyn Smith 20:58, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Nickname - Torque??
Where does the Torque nickname come from? Never heard it before! Jaded1 07:56, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Nor me! Markspearce

 * Nor me! Blogboy101 10:36, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Edited Managerial Status Blogboy101 10:40, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Anyone else depressed?
Should we add something like "the club is currently trying to set a record for most league games without a win"? It looks like that's all the club is going to achieve this year. Slizor 14:35, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Not depressed, just accepting the inevitable. Where's Stevenage when you need them? Totnesmartin 13:22, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Leroy Rosenior
His article says he played for Sierra Leone as an adult. Should we put this country's flag in the managers table? Totnesmartin 23:06, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Kick off time
I'm sure I'm remembering this correctly but in the 1970s at least they used to kick off their home games at 7:30 pm on Saturdays. The advantage of this was that their result would always be read out on Match of the Day that evening. That way Torquay got more coverage than most other 4th division clubs. In 1978 a few us were camping in the Devon area and decided to go to a home game on the Saturday against Newport County. Torquay won 2-0. And the result was announced on MOTD later that night. Great days.

Torquay United Association Football Club
The official name of this club is Torquay AFC. Take a look at the bottom of any of the pages on their website? For instance, http://www.torquayunited.premiumtv.co.uk/page/Home/0,,10445,00.html. Quite clearly it says Torquay AFC at the bottom of EVERY PAGE! jkm 16:09, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I personally wouldn't trust anything on that particular website! WikiGull 11:41, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Torquay United Football Club Logo.png
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BetacommandBot (talk) 07:01, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 09:05, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified (February 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150928204032/http://www.torquayunited.com/news/article/club-statement-player-manager-appointed-2714525.aspx to http://www.torquayunited.com/news/article/club-statement-player-manager-appointed-2714525.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20170330011537/http://www.torquayunited.com/news/article/2016-17/club-update-3647340.aspx to http://www.torquayunited.com/news/article/2016-17/club-update-3647340.aspx
 * Added tag to http://www.thisissouthdevon.co.uk/Olejnik-pound-300-000-deal-fourth-biggest/story-16424925-detail/story.html

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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 * Cricketfield Road.jpg

Team Colours
Currently the "Team Colours" Section of the page is completely wrong, I would update this myself but don't have the knowledge on Web colour to correctly change them. TUFC17 (talk) 04:12, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
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 * Torqauy unted (7).jpg

125 years a sad day for Torquay
Torquay United: National League South club to go into administration https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68372224 Pauseypaul (talk) 15:35, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

Interim Manager
Johnson replaced by assistant Aaron Downes https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68376328 Pauseypaul (talk) 09:56, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Torquay United F.C.


text:
July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 18 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 20

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on August 1 by Old Calendar.

For July 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 6.

Saints

 * Venerable Abba Diocles of the Thebaid (4th century)
 * Venerable Macrina the Younger, sister of Saints Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa (380)
 * Venerable Dius of Antioch, Abbot, Wonderworker (c. 430)
 * The Venerable 4 (or 40) fellow ascetics.
 * Saint Gregory of Panedus, Bishop of Panedus, New Confessor for the holy icons’ sake.
 * Venerable Theodore the Sabbaite, Archbishop of Edessa in Mesopotamia (848)   (see also: July 9)
 * Venerable Michael, ascetic at the Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas and the nephew of Venerable Theodore the Sabbaite the Bishop of Edessa.

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Martin of Trier, tenth Bishop of Trier in Germany and possibly a martyr (c. 210)
 * Saints Justa and Rufina of Seville, two sisters, potters by trade, martyred under Diocletian and venerated as the main patron-saints of Seville (287)
 * Saint Arsenius the Great of Scetis, an anchorite in Egypt and one of the most highly regarded Desert Fathers (c. 449)  (see also: May 8)
 * Saint Felix of Verona (Felicinus, Felice), Bishop of Verona in Italy, venerated from ancient times as a saint.
 * Saint Symmachus, Pope of Rome (514)
 * Saint Ambrose Autpertus, a Frankish Benedictine abbot (c. 778)
 * Saint Jerome of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia in Italy (787)
 * Saint Aurea of Córdoba (Aura), a nun at Santa María de Cuteclara de Córdoba, martyred by beheading (856)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Blessed Romanus of Ryazan, Prince of Ryazan (1270)
 * Venerable Paisius of Kiev Far Caves (14th century)
 * Blessed King Stefan Lazarević of Serbia (1427), and his mother St. Milica of Serbia (Eugenia in schema) (1405)
 * Saint Sophronius (Smirnov), Archimandrite, of Svyatogorsk Monastery (1921)

Other commemorations

 * Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Umileniye" ("of Tender Feeling") of Diveyevo Convent (1885) (see also: July 28)
 * Uncovering of the relics (1903) of Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, Wonderworker (1833)
 * Commemoration of the miracle (1944) of Hieromartyr Charalampus (202), who saved the residents of Erana-Filiatra in Messinia from certain death.
 * Synaxis of the Saints of Kursk.
 * Repose of Hiero-Schemamonk Anthony of Valaam (1862)
 * Repose of Blessed Abbot Nilus, of St. Nilus of Sora Monastery (1870)
 * Repose of Elder John, of St. Nilus of Sora Monastery (1903)
 * Repose of Archimandrite Nektary (Chernobyl) of Jerusalem (2000)

title: July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
Naji al-Ali

Naji Salim Hussain Al-Ali (ناجي سليم العلي ; born c. 1938 – 29 August 1987) was a Palestinian cartoonist, noted for the political criticism of the Arab regimes and Israel in his works. Al-Ali is best known as the creator of the character Handala, a personification of the Palestinian people that has become prominent symbol of Palestinian nationalism and resistance.

One of the best-known cartoonists in the Arab world, and celebrated as the greatest Palestinian cartoon artist, Al-Ali drew over 40,000 cartoons, often reflecting Palestinian and Arab public opinion and offering sharply critical commentaries on Palestinian and Arab politics and political leaders. On 22 July 1987, while outside the London offices of al-Qabas, a Kuwaiti newspaper for which he drew political caricatures, Al-Ali was shot in the neck and mortally wounded. He died five weeks later in Charing Cross Hospital.

Early life
Al-Ali was born in 1938 or thereabouts in the northern Palestinian village of Al-Shajara, located between Tiberias and Nazareth (now subsumed by Ilaniya). He lived as an exile in the south of Lebanon with his family after the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, the Nakba, and lived in Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp near Sidon, where he attended the Union of Christian Churches school. After graduation, he worked in the orchards of Sidon, then moved to Tripoli where he attended the White Friars' vocational school for two years.

Al-Ali then moved to Beirut, where he lived in a tent in Shatila refugee camp and worked in various industrial jobs. In 1957, after qualifying as a car mechanic, he traveled to Saudi Arabia, where he worked for two years.

Career as a cartoonist and journalist
In 1959 Al-Ali returned to Lebanon, and that year he joined the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), but was expelled four times within one year for lack of party discipline. Between 1960 and 1961, along with comrades from the ANM, he published a handwritten political journal Al-Sarkha ('the scream').

In 1960, he entered the Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts, but was unable to continue his studies there as he was imprisoned for political reasons soon afterwards. After his release he moved to Tyre, where he worked as a drawing instructor in the Ja'fariya College.

The writer and political activist Ghassan Kanafani saw some of Al-Ali's cartoons on a visit to Ain al-Hilweh and printed the artist's first published drawings along with an accompanying article in issue 88 of Al-Hurriya, dated 25 September 1961.

In 1963 Al-Ali moved to Kuwait, hoping to save money to study art in Cairo or Rome. There he worked as an editor, cartoonist, designer and newspaper producer on the Arab nationalist Al Tali'a magazine. From 1968 on he worked for Al-Siyasa. In the course of these years he returned to Lebanon several times. In 1974 he started working for the Lebanese newspaper Al-Safir, which permitted him to return to Lebanon for a longer period. During the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, he was briefly detained by the occupying forces along with other residents of Ain al-Hilweh. In 1983 he once more moved to Kuwait to work for Al Qabas and in 1985 moved to London where he worked for its international edition until his death.

In 1984 he was described by The Guardian as "the nearest thing there is to an Arab public opinion".

Work, positions and awards
In his career as a political cartoonist, Al-Ali produced over 40,000 drawings. They generally deal with the situation of the Palestinian people, depicting suffering and resistance and harshly criticizing the Israeli state and Israeli occupation, Palestinian leadership, and the Arab regimes. Al-Ali was a fierce opponent of any settlement that would not vindicate the Palestinian people's right to all of historic Palestine, and many of his cartoons express this position. Unlike many political cartoonists, specific politicians do not appear in person in his work: as he stated, "... I have a class outlook, that is why my cartoons take this form. What is important is drawing situations and realities, not drawing presidents and leaders."

Al-Ali published three books of his cartoons, in 1976, 1983 and 1985, and was preparing another at the time of his death.

In 1979, Al-Ali was elected president of the League of Arab Cartoonists. In 1979 and 1980, he received the first prize in the Arab cartoonists exhibitions held in Damascus. The International Federation of Newspaper Publishers awarded him the "Golden Pen of Freedom" posthumously in 1988.

Handala

Handala, also known as Handhala (حنظلة), is the most famous of Al-Ali's characters. He is depicted as a ten-year-old boy, and appeared for the first time in Al-Siyasa in Kuwait in 1969. The figure turned his back to the viewer from the year 1973, and clasped his hands behind his back. The artist explained that the ten-year-old represented his age when forced to leave Palestine and would not grow up until he could return to his homeland; his turned back and clasped hands symbolised the character's rejection of "outside solutions". Handala wears ragged clothes and is barefoot, symbolising his allegiance to the poor. In later cartoons, he is actively participating in the action depicted, not merely observing it. The artist vows that his figure, Handala, will "reveal his face to the readers again only when Palestinian refugees return to their homeland".

Handala became the signature of Al-Ali's cartoons and remains an iconic symbol of Palestinian identity and defiance. Handala has also been used as the web mascot of the Iranian Green Movement. The artist remarked that "He was the arrow of the compass, pointing steadily towards Palestine. Not just Palestine in geographical terms, but Palestine in its humanitarian sense—the symbol of a just cause, whether it is located in Egypt, Vietnam or South Africa."

Other characters and motifs
Other characters in Al-Ali's cartoons include a thin, miserable-looking man representing the Palestinian as the defiant victim of Israeli oppression and other hostile forces, and a fat man representing the Arab regimes and Palestinian political leaders who led an easy life and engaged in political compromises which the artist fervently opposed. The motifs of the crucifixion (representing Palestinian suffering) and stone-throwing (representing the resistance of ordinary Palestinians) are also common in his work.

Assassination
It is still not known who opened fire on Al-Ali outside the London office of Kuwaiti newspaper Al Qabas in Ives Street on 22 July 1987. He was subsequently taken to hospital and remained in a coma until his death on 29 August 1987. Although his will requested that he be buried in Ain al-Hilweh beside his father, this proved impossible to arrange and he was buried in Brookwood Islamic Cemetery outside London. British police arrested Ismail Sowan, a 28-year-old Jerusalem-born Palestinian researcher at Hull University, and found a cache of weapons in his apartment that they said were intended for terrorist attacks around Europe; he was only charged with possession of weapons and explosives. Initially, police said Sowan was a member of the PLO, though that organisation denied any involvement.

Sowan later confessed that he worked for both the PLO and the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad. A second suspect arrested by Scotland Yard also said he was a double agent. It was later revealed that Mossad had two double agents working in London-based PLO hit teams and had advance knowledge of the killing. By refusing to pass on the relevant information to their British counterparts, Mossad earned the displeasure of Britain, which retaliated by expelling three Israeli diplomats, one of whom was the embassy attache identified as the handler for the two agents. A furious Margaret Thatcher, then prime minister, closed Mossad’s London base in Palace Green, Kensington. The gun used in the murder, a 7.62 Tokarev pistol, was found on the Hallfield Estate in Paddington by police, on 22 April 1989.

Force 17, acting under orders from Yasser Arafat, has also been claimed to be responsible for his assassination. Days before his murder Naji told Palestinian writer Dr. Basem Sarhan, "I entrust you, whoever my killer may be, my killer is Yasser Arafat." During an event at Abdullah Al-Salem High School in Kuwait, Yasser Arafat was also quoted saying,"The one whose name is Naji al-Ali, if he continues to paint, I will put his fingers in acid."

In August 2017, detectives relaunched an investigation into his murder case, 30 years after his death.

Commemorative statue
A statue of Al-Ali by the sculptor Charbel Faris was erected at the northern entrance of Ain al-Hilweh camp, where Naji was raised for most of his youth.

Work on the fiberglass and colored polyester statue (with a steel inner support) took around five months. When finished, it was 275 cm tall, with an average width of 85 cm, and average thickness of 45 cm. The statue holds a rock in its right hand and a booklet of drawings in the left hand.

Shortly after being completed, the statue was damaged in an explosion caused by unknown assailants; like Al-Ali the statue was shot in the left eye.

The statue was repaired and re-erected.

Media
A movie was made about the life of Al-Ali in Egypt, with the Egyptian actor Nour El-Sherif playing the lead role.

title: Naji al-Ali


text: User talk:70.28.249.18

title: User talk:70.28.249.18


text: User talk:83.199.67.152

title: User talk:83.199.67.152


text:
World Scrabble Championship 2003

The World Scrabble Championship 2003 was held in the Corus Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The winner was Panupol Sujjayakorn of Thailand.

The format was notably different from previous WSCs. The tournament began with the Australian Draw system, with each player playing sixteen games over two days. On the third day the players played eight games in a King Of the Hill format. After this, the top two players competed in a best-of-five final to decide who would be the seventh World Scrabble Champion.

Prize money started at $17,500 for the winner, with all the top twenty players receiving prizes down to $200.

Results
The winner was Panupol Sujjayakorn of Thailand. This was the first time that a player won the WSC while representing a country for which English is not the first language.

Complete Results

 * FINALS:
 * Game 1: Panupol 418 – Pakorn 380
 * Game 2: Pakorn 495 – Panupol 384
 * Game 3: Pakorn 514 – Panupol 470
 * Game 4: Panupol 446 – Pakorn 433
 * Game 5: Panupol 444 – Pakorn 387

title: World Scrabble Championship 2003


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Physical Science

Physical science

 * Nominated on 19:15, July 13, 2005 (UTC); needs 10 votes by 27 July.

Physical science is one of the most important topics in an encyclopedia, however it may require the collaboration of several individuals to adequately and succinctly capture the scope topic. About 60 pages are currently linked to this page.

Support:
 * 1) Steven McCrary 19:15, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Maurreen 06:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Fenice 06:56, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Deryck C. 07:12, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Naha|(talk) 13:38, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) ZeWrestler 17:10, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:43, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) D AVODD  02:41, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) KSchutte 18:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Comment: .
 * 1) Eek. How can we be a serious information source with stubs on vital topics such as this? D AVODD  02:46, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Therefore we need your support. Deryck C. 17:41, 21 July 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.112.251.229

title: User talk:69.112.251.229


text:
User talk:Apocryphalbeing

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 19:17, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Apocryphalbeing


text:
Talk:CPU cooling

Expand some?
It would be far more beneficial if the article talked a little bit about the increase in CPU heat dissipation as miniaturization has run its course and as transistor densities have gotten higher. Only 15 or so years ago, common microelectronic CPUs could be run without a heatsink. 10 years ago they could rely on totally passive cooling methods. Even as short as 5 years ago you could run many CPUs without a heatsink for a few minutes without much risk. -- uberpenguin 13:32, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

acceptable CPU temperatures
''Hi. Does anyone know of where I can look to determine what CPU temperatures are acceptable and what temperatures are geting into the unsafe zone?''

Yes.

Like all electronic components manufacturers, CPU manufacturers publish data sheets specifying the maximum acceptable CPU temperature. Please note that this is the temperature of the silicon chip itself, which (for desktop CPUs) is much hotter than the temperature of the outer ceramic case.

Picking a manufacturer and a CPU at random, I find the Intel Pentium D then check its list of technical documents. I see the Pentium D datasheet and the Thermal and Mechanical Design Guidelines.

Odd. Page 77 seems to show a curve that *rises* with power, up to a maximum of about 68°C. The curves I'm familiar with *decrease* with power. Am I reading this correctly?

Other than CPUs, many electronic ICs are rated to the -40 °C to +85 °C "industrial" operating temperature range. Some are rated to the -40 °C to +125 °C "extended" operating temperature range.

--DavidCary 04:59, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

dust
The article Computer cooling currently claims a slightly positive airflow results in less dust build up.

Do you know why? --DavidCary 04:59, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Die Size
gives the athlon64 as dissipating 104 watts from a die area of 115 sq mm
 * http://www.3dvelocity.com/reviews/fx57/fx57.htm

Ergo restore original numbers, which were intended to give a worst case --Shoka 22:15, 24 August 2005 (UTC).

Psychrometrics

Image
The image is quite outdated...

title: Talk:CPU cooling


text:
Luigi Delneri

Luigi Delneri (born 23 August 1950), often incorrectly written as Del Neri, is an Italian football manager and a former player.

After a playing career as a midfielder including for several Serie A clubs, he began managing in the lower leagues, and took Ternana to consecutive promotions into Serie B. He then spent four years at Chievo, helping the Verona neighbourhood club into Serie A for the first time and 5th place and UEFA Cup qualification in their first season at the top.

Delneri left Chievo in 2004 for UEFA Champions League holders Porto, but was dismissed within weeks and before a competitive game. He subsequently managed several Serie A clubs in the following years, including one season with Juventus after taking Sampdoria to fourth place in 2010.

Playing career
Born at Aquileia, Udine, Delneri made his professional debut as player at the age of 16 for SPAL, Ferrara's football team, for which he had worked as storer. After playing for Foggia and Novara, he moved to Udinese, with whom he gained promotion to Serie A, Italy's top division. He was later traded to Sampdoria and then to Vicenza, Siena, Pro Gorizia and Opitergina, an amateur team from Oderzo, where he ended his playing career at 34.

Early career / Chievo
After his retirement as a player, Delneri stayed at Oderzo, appointed by chairman Ettore Setten (now owner of Treviso) as head coach. In 1986, he signed for Serie D team Pro Gorizia. He then coached Partinicaudace, a minor Sicilian Serie D team, in 1989, Teramo, Ravenna, Novara and Nocerina of Serie C2; with this last team he won the league and promotion to Serie C1. He then moved to Ternana of Serie C2, guiding it to Serie B after two consecutive promotions.

In 1998, after his second consecutive promotion, Delneri was signed by Serie A's Empoli, but was fired before starting the championship and was subsequently recalled by his former team Ternana in Serie B.

In 2000, Delneri signed with Chievo of Serie B, a team representing a small quarter of the city of Verona. It was the beginning of the so-called "Chievo miracle" in which the team was promoted for the first time to Serie A, where they topped the league for the first half of the season and then qualified for the UEFA Cup by coming 5th.

Porto, Roma and Palermo
In June 2004, Delneri signed a three-year contract to succeed José Mourinho at UEFA Champions League holders Porto. He was sacked on 7 August, without even managing a competitive game, allegedly for missing training sessions.

Delneri became Roma's third manager of the season in October 2004, after Cesare Prandelli and Rudi Völler. His team failed to advance from their Champions League group, and he dropped young forward Antonio Cassano after a dispute. He resigned from his two-year contract in March 2005, with the team in 7th, and handed the job over to Bruno Conti.

In June 2005, Delneri signed for Palermo, succeeding Francesco Guidolin who had quit for new challenges after qualifying them for the 2005–06 UEFA Cup. He was fired on 28 January 2006 with the team in 10th after a 3–1 home loss to Siena, having taken them into the knockout stages of the UEFA Cup.

Chievo return, Atalanta and Sampdoria
On 16 October 2006, Delneri returned to coach Chievo, replacing Giuseppe Pillon at the 15th-place club. Despite a strong start, he did not manage to save his side from relegation, losing a spot in the following season's Serie A with a 2–0 loss to Catania on the final matchday.

Following the relegation, Delneri was announced as new Atalanta boss in June 2007. He led the team from Bergamo to 9th and 11th place in his two seasons; he announced in April 2009 that he would leave at the end of the season.

Delneri left to take over at Sampdoria on 1 June 2009, a team that had just finished 13th. He guided Sampdoria to a surprising fourth-place finish, and a spot to the third qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League, leaving the next day.

Juventus
On 19 May 2010, two days after leaving Sampdoria, Delneri was appointed as coach of Juventus. At the end of the 2010–11 season, having finished 7th and not qualified for Europe, Delneri was sacked by the Juventus board of directors.

Later career
On 22 October 2012, Delneri was named new head coach of tenth-place Genoa in Serie A, succeeding sacked coach Luigi De Canio at Sampdoria's rivals. On 20 January 2013, however, Delneri was himself sacked following a 0–2 home loss to Catania and a string of bad results for the team, which recorded only two wins in his 13 matches with the club.

Delneri was hired at another of his former club's rivals, this time Chievo's adversaries Hellas Verona, replacing Andrea Mandorlini on 1 December 2015; the team had not won once all season. He left by mutual consent after the season ended in relegation for the club on 23 May 2016.

On 3 October 2016, Delneri signed a one-year deal with the option of a second at Udinese, succeeding Giuseppe Iachini who had won two of seven games. He finished the campaign in 13th, earning a second year, but took 12 points from the first 12 games and lost his job on 21 November 2017 when three points above the relegation places.

On 4 September 2020, Delneri was officially appointed manager of Brescia, following their relegation to Serie B. On 6 October 2020, after one draw and one loss, positioned in last place, Delneri was sacked.

Style of management
As a manager, Delneri is known for using a spectacular, offensive-minded style of football, which is heavily influenced by Arrigo Sacchi's tactics at Milan, as well as Dutch total football. His teams are known for their work-rate, strength, heavy running, and aggressive use of pressing when defending off the ball, while they are known for their movement off the ball, ability to change positions, and make overlapping runs when attacking. A tactically intelligent manager, his preferred formation is the 4–4–2, which relies on a high defensive line, although he has also been known to adopt other systems which better suit the characteristics of his players, including the 4–3–3.

Coach

 * Individual
 * Serie A Coach of the Year (1): 2001–02
 * Panchina d'Oro (1): 2001–02

title: Luigi Delneri


text:
Hill Auditorium

Hill Auditorium is the largest performance venue on the University of Michigan campus, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The auditorium was named in honor of Arthur Hill (1847–1909), who served as a regent of the university from 1901 to 1909. He bequeathed $200,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) to the university for the construction of a venue for lectures, musical performances, and other large productions. Opened in 1913, the auditorium was designed by Albert Kahn and Associates. It was renovated by the same firm beginning in 2002 and was re-opened in 2004.

With seating for up to 3,538 (originally 4,100 prior to the 2004 renovation) audience members, Hill is used for large productions on campus.

Design concept
Carol Rose Kahn, the architect's granddaughter, recounted that her grandfather had set out to develop a hall with perfect acoustics. The brief was to design an auditorium that would seat five thousand people, where they could hear from every seat. The only known previous example was the Mormon Tabernacle where it was said that one could hear a pin drop from the stage to the top balcony, although the chamber suffered from excess reverberation.

Albert Kahn wrote to Hugh Tallant, partner of Henry Beaumont Herts, asking if it would be possible to build an auditorium for five thousand people, where they'd hear from every seat. Tallant responded, but only after several months had elapsed, to the affirmative; so Tallant designed the acoustics. The result was an auditorium in the shape of a megaphone.

The granddaughter said: "Hill Auditorium was nearly finished when I was fourteen or so. My father [Albert Kahn's son] and I went out to Ann Arbor. Father stood up in the last seat of the second balcony, and I went down on the stage. On my word of honor, I dropped a pin and he heard it."

Renovation
The University of Michigan website that describes the US$33.5 million (equivalent to US$51.3 million in 2022) Hill Auditorium refurbishing and restoration, completed in 2004, states:

"When it opened in 1913, Hill Auditorium was hailed as a 'monument to perfect acoustics.' The excellent acoustics, a result of collaboration by architect Albert Kahn with noted acoustical engineer Hugh Tallant, are known world-wide and have made the auditorium a favorite venue for legions of famous musicians and other artists, as well as numerous noted speakers."

"Careful attention will be given throughout the renovation to maintaining the acoustic quality of Hill, said Henry Baier, associate vice president for facilities and operations. In addition, further work will be done to reduce street and lobby noise by building a "sound lock" between the lobby and the auditorium."

Campus and local users
The building routinely hosts performances given by the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra and the School of Music's various ensembles, including the University of Michigan Symphony Orchestra, University of Michigan Philharmonia Orchestra, University of Michigan Concert Band, University of Michigan Symphony Band, and University of Michigan Choirs, as well as the mostly non-major ensembles such as the University of Michigan Arts Chorale, the Campus Symphony Orchestra, Campus Bands, the Michigan Marching Band, and the Men's Glee Club and Women's Glee Club.

The building has occasionally hosted musical events for the local Pioneer High School. The most recent event the venue has hosted that has included the school has been the 2022 Choral Cavalcade on March 11, 2022. The Choral Cavalcade is a Choir Concert event that includes the choirs of multiple Middle and High Schools that are in the area. The 2022 event hosted the choirs of the local Tappan and Slauson Middle Schools alongside Pioneer High School.

The auditorium is also host to the University of Michigan Law School graduation each May. In addition, the auditorium serves as the host for two outside schools, the Detroit Catholic Central High School and Father Gabriel Richard Ann Arbor, graduation ceremonies.

Touring performances
Michigan's University Musical Society presents dance, classical music, popular music, and readings by world-renowned artists at Hill Auditorium. Through the years, Hill's oval-shaped stage has seen performances by Rachmaninoff, the Denishawn Dance Company, the Vienna Philharmonic, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Boston Symphony, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, the Leningrad Philharmonic, Jan Kubelik, Jascha Heifetz, Eugène Ysaÿe, Ravi Shankar, Enrico Caruso, Joan Sutherland, Robert Frost, Van Cliburn, Yo-Yo Ma, Helen Hayes, Benny Goodman, Harry Chapin, Wynton Marsalis, Elton John, and the Grateful Dead, among others.

The Folk Festival, a multiple artist Folk-Genre Musical Festival held by a local Jazz/Live Performance Musical bar known as The Ark, has been hosted at Hill Auditorium 18 times since 2005. As of 2022, the last live performance was held here on Friday, January 31 and Saturday February 1, 2020. The Musical Guests for the event were Ingrid Michaelson, The Lone Bellow, Cedric Burnside, Rainbow Girls, Elliott BROOD, with Calexico and Iron & Wine as the final act, playing the song Father Mountain from their 2019 musical collaboration studio album, Years to Burn. Ann Arbor local and Guitarist Willy Porter, the concert's MC, was a musical guest during intermissions while old performers were clearing out and the next act was being set up.

title: Hill Auditorium


text:
Talk:State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur

Invalid redirect
Redirect link, created perhaps without proper understanding of the subject matter of the article is being removed. Request reference to talk page of State Bank of Patiala.--Bhadani 19:19, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur


text:
Talk:Naji al-Ali

Translation
I saw this on the Palestine portal page both as a request for translation and request for article, so I plunged in. The translation is very rough (doing it on the hoof with no dictionary) and the article could do with more info, which I am going to try and dig out of a book in the next couple of days.

Picture
Anyone have a picture of Naji al-Ali or of his grave in London, or know how to copy the picture of Handala from the Arabic article?Palmiro 19:28, 13 July 2005 (UTC)19:21, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Murder and culpability
An anonymous contributor has added the following:

 * Under interrogation, the Jerusalem-born man, Ismail Sawan, said that his superiors in Tel Aviv had been briefed well in advance of the plot to kill the cartoonist.

 * By refusing to pass on the relevant information to their British counterparts, Mossad earned the displeasure of Britain, which retaliated by expelling two Israeli diplomats from London. A furious Margaret Thatcher, then prime minister, closed Mossad’s London base in Palace Green, Kensington.

While I've read this myself in a couple of places, I don't think it should go in the article without a reliable source being cited. Also, just referring to this end of the affair and not to the suspicions that Palestinian figures were behind the murder seems a bit parti pris. Palmiro | Talk 13:54, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The IP insertion seems to be a direct copy of a passage mirrored on several blogs, and attributed on at least some of them to this Electronic Intifada page. The claim is dubious, and is contradicted by this NY Times piece, which says unambiguously that the investigation found the assassin to be a member of the PLO, which is the common narrative. What is more disturbing, perhaps, is that the IP behaved in a manner suggesting some familiarity with WP procedure.  Tewfik Talk 07:02, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

 * You are correct that Electronic Intifada has this passage, but it seems not to be the original source. This story has many variations and is confirmed by multiple sources. One example is this [Ha'aretz article]. Also Gideon's Spies by Gordon Thomas has long passage about mossad agent Ismail Sowan. NB! Those sources do not claim that Mossad ordered the hit, but simply it was in the know and did not inform friendly British authorities. The case is also notable, beacause it is one of only two cases where Israeli diplomats have been expelled from friendly countries. --Magabund 22:53, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Just adding some additional reference to the aforementioned discussion. Apparently al-Ali, as notorious as he was for his stance against Israel, was also extremely vocal in his opposition to Arafat and his PLO movement.  Thomas L. Friedman's book, From Beirut To Jerusalem, states that Scotland Yard has always held the belief that "the assassin was dispatched by Arafat or PLO officials close to him".  It also ads that al-Ali had been "thrown out of Kuwait in 1985 - reportedly at Arafat's insistance".  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.68.54.203 (talk) 04:49, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

if this is true that Savan was PLO member AND Mossad agent than it would be noteworthy what happened to him after. In normal terms he would have signed hir own death sentence from the PLO and therefore he must have sought asylum in Israel. That would have been the only clue.--77.119.147.177 (talk) 02:33, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Hi, just wanted to share my thought. I was reading the article and from it i came to an understanding that the murder was a mossad job. the article says sawan worked for PLO and mossad, thatcher was angry, mossad agents got kicked out of the country. all this points as if the mossad order the assassination but when i read the cited article (reference [10]), i discovered it ways that the mossad didn't order the murder but knew about it but didn't warn MI5. there a huge difference of course. the article implies direct connection to the mossad while its not there. not only that the same news article of the independent says that the murders were naji's countrymen. so mossad had nothing to do with it but they knew it was going to happen. IMO the wiki article is confusing, misleading and creates a false impression on the reader. i would suggest to edit it in such a way that will make the facts clear. who killed naji? PLO. who knew about the plot and didn't warn MI5? mossad. MrZaf (talk) 14:05, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
 * That's an extremely strange reading of the sources since none of them say that. Viriditas (talk) 07:53, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

Unnecessary
"What follows is a Zionist whitewashing of both Naji Al-Ali's politics, namely his criticism of Israeli apartheid, and of Israel's role in the brutal occupation and oppression of Palestinians." -- Deleted. This doesn't add anything to the article. The best way to tackle an article you think is biased is to argue it on the discussion and change the the article content if it is biased or factually wrong.

Azymuthca 18:26, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Error in the Article?
"Handala, after the Israeli Srulik, is the most famous of Naji al-Ali's characters." after the Israeli Srulik? Srulik was drawn by Dosh (as written in the Article about Srulik), not by al-Ali. 15:32, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

I noticed this as well, so Im deleting the Srulik reference as this sentence is incorrect. Mhicaoidh (talk) 23:36, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

palestine did not exist in 1938
british mandate of palestine did. stop the silly fact twisting. 109.66.17.64 (talk) 03:55, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Ofcourse Palestine did exist. How are the people of the land known as Palestenian then? Why are the people who were living there long before the zionist movement started Al-Nakba, called palestenians? You need to get off the silly brainwashing set youve been on, for all your life probably. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.229.235.38 (talk) 16:08, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

Palsentine as a state or as any kind of political entity as a matter of fact did not exist and never existed. It is a well documented historical fact that the name was given to the region by the Romans in the 1st century. Prior to that it was known as Judea. Palestinian was not a well established nationality at the time. if you live in the coast of the US you might be a called Appalachian but does not imply anything about your nationality. What i just said is fact, just in case you want to call me brainwashed as well. By the way, may i remind you that nowadays Jordan was part of the British mandate, and was actually a part of Palestine (70%-80% of the territory). [Now comes a personal thought] How come the Palestinians don't demand that territory as well? why do they accept the rule of foreigners (Hashemites) ? Well, thats just food for thought. Being a history fan such as yourself i'm sure you'll be interested with the question. MrZaf (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 13:52, 8 March 2012 (UTC).

Please explain
Brewcrewer, you added a cn tag to a sentence bout where Ali was born. Just to be lear, are you suggesting he wasn't born in Shajara, or that Ilaniya is not now built over Shajara or what?  T i a m u t talk 19:27, 1 March 2012 (UTC)

This article has issues
The preponderance of reliable academic sources indicate that Naji al-Ali was assassinated by the PLO for criticizing them. However, this article appears to have completely whitewashed that fact and predictably (although indirectly) blamed Israel, contrary to the sources. Viriditas (talk) 07:34, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Having looked at the sources in use in this article and those available online, it is clear that several editors deliberately altered what the sources said. Viriditas (talk) 07:40, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Per the above and the continuing concerns by other editors on this talk page, I have added a NPOV tag. The entire article needs to be rewritten to remove POV and to insure accuracy. Viriditas (talk) 07:52, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

About the involvement of Israel the article says that police arrested Sowan, which confessed to be a member of the PLO and an agent of the Mossad, and that the Mossad had advance knowledge of the killing. All this agrees with the sources.--109.54.139.69 (talk) 20:34, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Naji al-Ali. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150922141124/http://www.najialali.com/ to http://www.najialali.com
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20160127212802/http://najialali.hanaa.net/ to http://najialali.hanaa.net

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:49, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Handala
Section lacks any reference to the more controversial comics, such as this or this (showcasing territorial claims) and this or this (showcasing antisemitic imagery). -- 31.16.248.117 (talk) 01:33, 10 June 2018 (UTC)

Location of bullet wound
There are several different statements about where he was shot. The lead says neck (with a source, but the source says face). The section "Assassination" says right temple (no source). The section "Commemorative statue" says left eye (no source).

This article isn't protected, but there's that big warning at the top of the talk page, so I'm gonna err on the side of respecting the IP editor prohibition. But I figure someone should probably address this. --98.109.27.187 (talk) 07:43, 23 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Naji al-Ali


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cape Lookout, North Carolina

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 06:46, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Cape Lookout, North Carolina
Delete North Carolina does not have a Palm County. Furthermore, I would be surprised if the Rambot missed a city of over 30,000 people. There is a geographical feature in North Carolina called Cape Lookout, if someone wants to write an article about it, but this isn't it. Icelight 19:21, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Cape Lookout for now, until I come up with something. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 22:48, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete or at least do the redirect indicated above. BTW - The creator has added a series of fictitous pages on non-existant NFL teams and stadiums, many now speedily deleted. --EMS | Talk 21:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Do not redirect since this will discourage the creation of a proper article. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not too many information --April12 11:26, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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William Milligan, Lord Milligan

William Rankine Milligan, Lord Milligan, (12 December 1898 – 28 July 1975) was a Scottish judge and Unionist politician. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland and Lord Advocate.

Early life
Milligan was educated at Sherborne School, University College, Oxford, and the University of Glasgow. In the First World War, Milligan served with the Highland Light Infantry from 1917 to 1919.

Legal career
Milligan was admitted as an advocate in 1925, and appointed a King's Counsel in 1945. He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland from 1951 to 1954, and Lord Advocate from 1955 to 1960, and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1955. He was appointed to the College of Justice in 1960, with the judicial title Lord Milligan.

Politics
Milligan was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate at Glasgow St Rollox in 1945 and again at Central Ayrshire in 1950 and 1951, and was elected for Edinburgh North in a 1955 by-election, where he served until 1960.

Family
His son James Milligan, Lord Milligan was a Senator of the College of Justice.

title: William Milligan, Lord Milligan


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Alive II

Alive II is the second live album by American hard rock band Kiss, released on October 14, 1977, by Casablanca Records. The band had released three albums (Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, and Love Gun) since the previous live outing, the 1975 release Alive!, so they drew upon the variety of new tracks, with Eddie Kramer producing. The album is one of the best selling in the Kiss discography, being the band's first to be certified double platinum in February 1996 (signifying sales of over 1,000,000 for a double album), the same month the Kiss reunion tour was announced. It has continued to sell in the US in the Soundscan era, selling over 300,000 copies from 1991 and to March 2012.

Album information
The origins of Alive II go back to early 1977 when the band's manager Bill Aucoin suggested that Eddie Kramer record a live album during the evening show at Budokan Hall in Tokyo, Japan on April 2, 1977. The plan was to release a live album to give Kiss some time off before recording the album that would become Love Gun later that autumn. Kramer finished work on the album, but Casablanca and Kiss deemed it unusable, and the band forged ahead with their Love Gun sessions.

Most of the live tracks on Alive II were recorded during the band's August 26–28 shows at the Forum while on their Love Gun Tour. The 3 p.m. soundchecks at the August 26 and 27 shows were recorded and later used on the album (i.e. "Tomorrow and Tonight" with crowd noise being dubbed in later). "Beth" and "I Want You" were lifted from the unused Japanese live recordings and repurposed for the finished album. As the band did not want to duplicate songs included on Alive!, the songs chosen for the three live sides of the album were all drawn from Kiss' three preceding studio albums: Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, and Love Gun.

The new songs on side 4 (tracks 6–10 on the second CD of the reissue) are tracks recorded live without an audience at Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey, and overdubbed and mixed at Electric Lady Studios in New York City in September 13–16, 1977. Although Ace Frehley was originally credited for lead guitar on the studio tracks, the remastered version released in 1997 confirmed that Bob Kulick played lead guitar on the tracks "All American Man", "Rockin' in the U.S.A.", and "Larger Than Life", with Paul Stanley playing all guitars on the cover "Any Way You Want It".

"Rockin' in the U.S.A." had references to both the previous year's Spirit of 76 European Tour and to that spring's debut in Japan. Frehley's sole involvement for the studio songs was "Rocket Ride" (originally written for a solo album ), on which he sang lead vocals and played both guitar and bass guitar.

Several early copies of the album's cover featured a rare misprint of three additional songs ("Take Me", "Hooligan", and "Do You Love Me?") with a slightly altered song order. None of these additional songs appeared on the LP. On the misprint, "Take Me" is after "Detroit Rock City", with "King of the Night Time World" appearing after "Ladies Room" on side one. Side two features "Hooligan" after "Shock Me", which is placed after "Hard Luck Woman". On side three, "Do You Love Me?" appears after "God of Thunder", with "Beth" between "I Want You" and "Shout It Out Loud".

Promotional items
The original vinyl issue of Alive II was a 2-LP set with a gatefold cover and picture inner sleeves. Continuing the Kiss tradition of including promotional items with their albums, Alive II was packaged with a full-color booklet titled "The Evolution of Kiss" and a set of temporary transfer tattoos in a cartoon style. The tattoos depicted the band logo, Kiss Army logo, band member heads, and member signatures and symbols. The symbols were meant to represent the four personas of the group and included a skull and crossbones for Gene Simmons, a rose and star with an eye for Paul Stanley, a Saturn-like planet and block print-style "ACE" for Frehley, and a drum and cat's head for Peter Criss. The rose and "ACE" are copies of Stanley and Frehley's actual tattoos, respectively. A merchandise order form was also included with the album, listing an array of official Kiss merchandise as well as a chance to "enlist" in the Kiss Army. The inner sleeves depicted crazed Kiss fans in a confetti storm and the band's album discography to date.

Re-release
Alive II was originally reissued as a double-CD set in what has now become known as a 'fatboy' 2CD case. When the Kiss back catalog was remastered, it was housed in a slimline 2CD case. In keeping with the rest of the reissue program, the artwork was restored, including a reproduction set of tattoos. The booklet "The Evolution of Kiss"' and the picture inner sleeves were incorporated as part of the CD booklet. Alive II was re-released in 2006 as part of Kiss Alive! 1975-2000. It included "Rock and Roll All Nite" (single edit version) as a bonus track. The short running time of Alive II allowed for a single CD edition in the latest release.

Reception
Coming off of a period of extensive touring, Alive II received a huge fan response and critical acclaim, reaching the No. 7 spot on the Billboard 200 chart.

In a contemporary review, John Swenson of Rolling Stone criticized Kiss for copying the live performances of The Rolling Stones and The Who, but acknowledged the band's "improved instrumental technique" and attitude, concluding that "Alive II captures the essence of live rock & roll very well". Modern reviews are generally positive. Critic Greg Prato of AllMusic remarked that several tracks such as "Detroit Rock City", "Shock Me" and "Shout It Out Loud" featured an "adrenaline-charged" vibe. He lauded the album for showing the group in its element as an "exciting live band". Jason Josephes of Pitchfork considered Alive II "not a bad album, but definitely not essential." Martin Popoff called it "a loud-and-proud document to what would be, hands down, the most exciting year for the communion of this band and their Kiss Army planned fans."

Track listing
All credits adapted from the original release.

Personnel
Kiss Additional personnel Production
 * Paul Stanley – vocals, rhythm guitar (all guitars and bass on "Any Way You Want It")
 * Gene Simmons – vocals, bass (rhythm guitar on "Larger Than Life")
 * Peter Criss – drums, vocals
 * Ace Frehley – lead guitar, vocals (all guitars and bass on "Rocket Ride")
 * Eddie Balandas – introduction on "Detroit Rock City"
 * Bob Kulick – lead guitar on "All American Man", "Rockin' in the U.S.A" and "Larger Than Life"
 * Eddie Kramer – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Kiss – co-producer
 * Corky Stasiak – engineer
 * Neil Dorfsman – mixing

title: Alive II


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A Man Called E

A Man Called E is Mark Oliver Everett's 1992 major-label debut album, and the first on which he used the pseudonym "E". (As Mark Everett, he had previously self-released the limited edition LP Bad Dude in Love in 1985.)

"Hello Cruel World" was released as a one-track single in 1992. "Nowheresville"/"Strawberry Blonde" was released in March of that year.

Background
In 1987, Everett moved from his family home in Virginia and resettled in California. There, in 1991, he signed a contract with Polydor Records and released A Man Called E under the name E a year later. The single "Hello Cruel World" was a minor success. Touring to support the album, E opened for Tori Amos.

Everett became known as "E" because there were several people in his life at the time who had the same first name. While it may have caused some confusion in record stores and radio stations, the single-letter name gave the press a playful handle. This playfulness was evident in a review of the album by the eminent writer Daniel Levitin which began: "Excellent eponymous effort, energizingly eclectic. Early enthusiasm effectively ensures E's eminence."

Everett released one further solo album, 1993's Broken Toy Shop, before forming the band Eels in 1995.

Critical reception
Michael Zwirn, in Trouser Press, wrote that "the production is uncluttered, [E's] singing is unforced and the tunes are eminently hummable, with a sense of cockeyed humor and periodic wistful optimism that is noteworthy in the later context of the Eels' pronounced bitterness."

Track listing
All songs written by E, except where noted
 * 1) "Hello Cruel World" (E, Parthenon Huxley) – 3:50
 * 2) "Fitting In with the Misfits" – 3:09
 * 3) "Are You & Me Gonna Happen" – 3:00
 * 4) "Looking Out the Window with a Blue Hat On" – 2:17
 * 5) "Nowheresville" (E, Huxley) – 3:21
 * 6) "Symphony for Toy Piano in G Minor" – 0:34
 * 7) "Mockingbird Franklin" – 3:03
 * 8) "I've Been Kicked Around" – 3:24
 * 9) "Pray" – 2:46
 * 10) "E's Tune" – 2:53
 * 11) "You'll Be the Scarecrow" – 3:21

Personnel

 * E – lead & background vocals, electric & acoustic guitars, piano, Hammond B-3, keyboards, harmonica, accordion, drums, percussion, melodica, toy piano, programming

Additional musicians
 * Parthenon Huxley – acoustic & electric guitars, bass guitar, percussion, fingersnaps, programming
 * Jennifer Condos – bass guitar
 * Jim Lang – accordion, Hammond B-3, piano, keyboards, cuckoo clock, programming
 * Eric Williams – mandolin ("Nowheresville")
 * Danny Davis Jr. – electric guitar ("Are You & Me Gonna Happen")
 * Rockenspiel – glockenspiel

Production
 * Parthenon Huxley – co-producer
 * E – co-producer
 * Jim Lang – conductor (The Knobworld Symphony Orchestra), engineer, mixing
 * Bill Gable – additional engineer
 * Mikal Reid – additional engineer
 * Fen – additional engineer
 * Jesse Kanner – additional engineer
 * Opie – additional engineer
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * David Lau – artwork
 * Rick Dobbis – design
 * Bradford Walker Evans Hitz – photography
 * Thomas Nelson – photography
 * Lex – pin design

title: A Man Called E


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Theodor Zahn

Theodor Zahn or Theodor von Zahn (10 October 1838 in Moers – 5 March 1933 in Erlangen) was a German Protestant theologian, a biblical scholar. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.

Career
Zahn was born in Moers of the Rhineland, Prussia (now Germany). After studying at Basel, Erlangen and Berlin, he became professor of theology in the University of Göttingen in 1871. He filled a similar chair at Kiel in 1877, at Erlangen in 1878, at Leipzig in 1888 and in 1892 returned to Erlangen. He was distinguished for his eminent scholarship, especially in connection with the New Testament canon. He stood at the head of the conservative New Testament scholarship of his time. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902, 1904 and 1908. Theologically, Zahn was conservative and approached New Testament theology from the perspective of a theological emphasis called Heilsgeschichte (usually translated into English as "Salvation History").

Works
Some of his more important writings are:
 * Marcellus of Ancyra (1867)
 * Der Hirt des Hermas untersucht ("The Shepherd of Hermas examined", 1868)
 * Ignatius von Antiochien (1873)
 * Patrum Apostolicorum Opera (1875–78; fifth edition, 1905)
 * The Acts of Saint John (1880)
 * Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons und der altkirchlichen Litteratur (eight volumes, 1881–1908)
 * Cyprian of Antioch and the German Story of Faust (1882)
 * Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons ("Researches into the history of the New Testament canon", two volumes, 1889–92)
 * Das apostolische Symbolum (1892; English translation, The Apostles' Creed, 1899)
 * The Gospel of Peter (1893)
 * Einleitung in das neue Testament (two volumes, 1897–1900; third edition, 1906–07; English translation, Introduction to the New Testament, three volumes, 1909)
 * Brot und Salz aus Gottes Wort, 20 sermons, (1901; English translation, Bread and Salt from the Word of God, 1905)
 * Grundriss der Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons ("Outline of the history of the New Testament canon", 1901; second edition, 1904)
 * Das Evangelium des Lucas (1912)

title: Theodor Zahn


text:
Talk:Molasse

Beware of possible copyvio material in this article. The same anonymous user contributed copy vio material to the bagasse article. The material had been copied from the website of an Indian sugar company. I don't know if that is the case here, but it is certainly possible. ike9898 19:24, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * It did seem to be written in "Indglish". Grab the typical data only. GraemeLeggett 09:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * My investigation of the links turns up the fact that molasse is a geographical term referring to detritus that is deposited as sany or conglomerates in mountain range formation, or some such. GraemeLeggett

See the more complete discussion on the Talk:Molasses page. Greenman 07:52, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I confirmed that the artcle was heavy with copy vio material from http://www.eidparry.com/MoretoSugar.asp, and blanked this page. Apparently there is a legitimate term 'molasse' with has nothing to do with the sticky sweet stuff, so hopefully someone can start an article on this. ike9898 10:42, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Molasse


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Sara Sant'Ambrogio

Sara Sant'Ambrogio (born 1962) is an American cellist best known as a member of the Eroica Trio.

She was born in Boston and began her studies with her father, John Sant'Ambrogio, principal cellist with the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. She was invited to study with David Soyer at the Curtis Institute of Music at the age of 16. Three years later, Leonard Rose invited her to study at the Juilliard School of Music. She immediately won the Juilliard Schumann Concerto competition and was featured in a Lincoln Center concert.

Her career began when she won the bronze medal at the 1986 International Tchaikovsky Violoncello Competition in Moscow and was invited to play at Carnegie Hall. This recital aired nationally on CBS. Since then she has appeared as a soloist with the Atlanta, Boston Pops, Chicago, Dallas, Moscow State Philharmonic, Century Orchestra Osaka, St. Louis, San Francisco, Vienna Symphony, Royal Philharmonic and Seattle orchestras, in addition to touring and recording 9 CDs with the Eroica Trio on EMI and 4 solo CDs for Sebastian Records. She has performed at many festivals including Aspen, Marlboro, Ravinia, Great Mountain, Mostly Mozart and Hollywood Bowl and was featured in 7 sold out concerts of the Bach Cello Suites with the New York City Ballet. She has performed with singers STING, Rufus Wainwright and Angela McCluskey and has recorded with rock group VAST. Tracks from her solo CD Dreaming were featured on the soundtracks for the documentary "Jones Beach Boys", the HBO documentary "A Matter of Taste," and "Kiss The Water." She won a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Composition for Bernstein Arias and Barcarolles on Koch Records. The Eroica Trio's first CD won NPR's Best Debut Recording and their second CD was nominated for 2 Grammy Awards. The Eroica Trio won the Naumburg Competition in 1991.

She has premiered works by several contemporary composers, including recording the Bruce Wolosoff Cello Concerto with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Michael Bacon Cello Concerto with the Oklahoma City Philharmonic, the double concerto Romeo and Juliet by Daron Hagen, with flutist Jeffrey Khaner and the Albany Symphony Orchestra. She performed and recorded additional works by Bruce Wolosoff for The Montage Music Society's album "Creating Music Inspired by Visual Art," and has a forthcoming album featuring two Wolosoff sonatas for Avie Records. She has premiered new triple concertos by American composers Kevin Kaska and Jay Greenberg. Triple Concertos with bandoneon by Emilio Kauderer and Daniel Binelli Trios by Pulitzer Prize–winning composer Kevin Puts and Zhou Tian.

title: Sara Sant'Ambrogio


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Bill Hopkins (composer)

Bill Hopkins (5 June 1943 – 10 March 1981) was a British composer. He also published music criticism, mostly under the name G. W. Hopkins.

Biography
Hopkins was born in Prestbury, Cheshire, and educated at Hillcrest Grammar School and Rossall School, Lancashire; his mother's disability meant she was unable to look after him, and he was raised by aunts. Studies with Luigi Nono at Dartington Summer School consolidated his interest in serialism; subsequently he studied at Oxford University with Edmund Rubbra and Egon Wellesz.

In 1964 he went to Paris in order to study with Olivier Messiaen, and with an ambition to meet Jean Barraqué. Returning to England, he supported himself as a music critic in London and then, after moving first to Tintagel, Cornwall and subsequently to Peel, Isle of Man, by translation and writing music criticism. He married Clare Gilbert in 1972. Subsequently, he taught at Birmingham University and University of Newcastle upon Tyne before succumbing to a heart attack, in Chopwell, near Newcastle, at the age of 37.

His few pupils included the British composers Paul Keenan and Patrick Ozzard-Low.

Career
Hopkins' music is published by Universal Edition, Schott, and Ricordi. It has been performed by Irvine Arditti, David Atherton, Alexander Balanescu, Richard Bernas, Nicolas Hodges, Geoffrey Douglas Madge, Jane Manning, Holly Mathieson, Donatienne Michel-Dansac, Christopher Rowland, Sarah Maria Sun, Ilan Volkov and Alison Wells, as well as ensemble recherche, London Sinfonietta, BBC Symphony Orchestra, Music Projects/London, Christchurch Symphony Orchestra and the WDR Symphony Orchestra.

Works
This listing is of Hopkins' completed and acknowledged works. For further information about other works, see Paul Griffiths' provisional catalogue.

 * Sous-structures. Solo piano. 1964, first performed 1965 (publ. Universal Edition, UE17700)
 * Two Pomes (James Joyce). Soprano, bass clarinet, trumpet, harp, viola. 1964, first performed 1968 (publ. Universal Edition, UE14204)
 * Musique de l'indifférence, Ballet after Samuel Beckett. Orchestra, 1964–65, first performed 2019 (publ. Ricordi) Nkoda
 * Sensation (Rimbaud, Beckett). Soprano, tenor sax, trumpet, harp, viola. 1965, first performed 1965. (publ. Schott)
 * Etudes en série. Solo piano. 1965–72, first complete performance 1997. (publ. Schott)
 * Pendant. Solo violin. 1969, rev 1973, first performed 1975. (publ. Universal Edition, UE17943)
 * Nouvelle etude hors série. Solo organ. 1974, first performed 1993. (publ. Universal Edition, UE17303)
 * Lindaraja by Claude Debussy, orchestrated by Hopkins. Orchestra. 1975, first performed 2019. (publ. Universal Edition, UE18459)
 * En attendant. Flute, oboe, cello, harpsichord. 1976–77, first performed 1977. (publ. Schott)

The Bill Hopkins Collection at the Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel, holds Hopkins' manuscripts.

Recordings
His complete piano works have been recorded by Nicolas Hodges, (col legno, 2000). En Attendant, Two Pomes, Pendant and Sensation have been recorded by Music Projects/London and Richard Bernas, (NMC, 1992).

A new complete recording of his acknowledged works is in preparation.

title: Bill Hopkins (composer)


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Lake retention time

Lake retention time (also called the residence time of lake water, or the water age or flushing time) is a calculated quantity expressing the mean time that water (or some dissolved substance) spends in a particular lake. At its simplest, this figure is the result of dividing the lake volume by the flow in or out of the lake. It roughly expresses the amount of time taken for a substance introduced into a lake to flow out of it again. The retention time is particularly important where downstream flooding or pollutants are concerned.

Global retention time
The global retention time for a lake (the overall mean time that water spends in the lake) is calculated by dividing the lake volume by either the mean rate of inflow of all tributaries, or by the mean rate of outflow (ideally including evaporation and seepage). This metric assumes that water in the lake is well-mixed (rather than stratified), so that any portion of the lake water is much like any other. In reality, larger and deeper lakes are generally not well-mixed. Many large lakes can be divided into distinct portions with only limited flow between them. Deep lakes are generally stratified, with deeper water mixing infrequently with surface water. These are often better modeled as several distinct sub-volumes of water.

More specific residence times
It is possible to calculate more specific residence time figures for a particular lake, such as individual residence times for sub-volumes (e.g. particular arms), or a residence time distribution for the various layers of a stratified lake. These figures can often better express the hydrodynamics of the lake. However, any such approach remains a simplification and must be guided by an understanding of the processes operating in the lake.

Two approaches can be used (often in combination) to elucidate how a particular lake works: field measurements and mathematical modeling. One common technique for field measurement is to introduce a tracer into the lake and monitor its movement. This can be a solid tracer, such as a float constructed to be neutrally buoyant within a particular water layer, or sometimes a liquid. This approach is sometimes referred to as using a Lagrangian reference frame. Another field measurement approach, using an Eulerian reference frame, is to capture various properties of the lake water (including mass movement, water temperature, electrical conductivity and levels of dissolved substances, typically oxygen) at various fixed positions in the lake. From these can be constructed an understanding of the dominant processes operating in the various parts of the lake and their range and duration.

Field measurements alone are usually not a reliable basis for generating residence times, mainly because they necessarily represent a small subset of locations and conditions. Therefore, the measurements are generally used as the input for numerical models. In theory it would be possible to integrate a system of hydrodynamic equations with variable boundary conditions over a very long period sufficient for inflowing water particles to exit the lake. One could then calculate the traveling times of the particles using a Lagrangian method. However, this approach exceeds the detail available in current hydrodynamic models and the capacity of current computer resources. Instead, residence time models developed for gas and fluid dynamics, chemical engineering, and bio-hydrodynamics can be adapted to generate residence times for sub-volumes of lakes.

Renewal time
One useful mathematical model is the measurement of how quickly inflows are able to refill a lake. Renewal time is a specific measure of retention time, where the focus is on 'how long does it take to completely replace all water in a lake.' This is modeling can only be done with an accurate budget of all water gained and lost by the system. Renewal time simply becomes a question how quickly could the inflows of the lake fill the entire volume of the basin (this does still assume the outflows are unchanged). For example if Lake Michigan was emptied, it would take 99 years for its tributaries to completely refill the lake.

List of residence times of lake water
The residence time listed is taken from the infobox in the associated article unless otherwise specified.

title: Lake retention time


text: User talk:69.108.41.213

title: User talk:69.108.41.213


text: File:Double platinum album cover.jpg

title: File:Double platinum album cover.jpg


text:
FC Baku

FC Baku ("Bakı" Futbol Klubu) was an Azerbaijani football club based in Baku that has been an amateur club since 2016. Prior to that, Baku played 18 seasons in the Azerbaijan Premier League, winning the championship twice and the National Cup three times. The club ceased operations in 2018.

Early years (1997–2004)
Led by Shamil Heydarov, Dinamo finished 2nd and entered the 1998–99 UEFA Cup, but was eliminated by Argeş Piteşti 1–7 on aggregate in the preliminary round. In the 1997–98 season, Dinamo appointed Ruslan Abdullayev as their new head coach. Under the management of Abdullayev, the team passed the first part of the tournament well, although 3rd place and 52 points were not enough for medals or European cups, and Dinamo finished the season in 6th place. The following two seasons, Dinamo also finished 6th, but since 2000, the team was managed by Ruslan Abdullayev's son Elkhan Abdullayev, and was renamed to Dinamo Bakılı. In the 2001–02 season, after a disastrous performance, Dinamo Bakılı were relegated to the Azerbaijan First Division, but due to conflict between clubs and the AFFA, the next championship was held just two years later, in which the team participated under the name of Dinamo for the last time in its history.

Success era (2004–2008)
In 2004, the club renamed to FC Baku, after changes by the new chairman. New management began from radical changes. Elkhan Abdullayev was replaced by Asgar Abdullayev immediately after the second week of the season. FC Baku gained some important victories over the opponents and was holding a pole position until February 2005. At the end of the season Asgar Abdullayev concentrated on the Azerbaijan Cup, where his team reached the final. In the 2004–05 season, Baku managed to finish in 5th.

The return to European competition proved to be unsuccessful. In the 2004–05 UEFA Cup first qualifying match, Baku lost to Slovakian side MŠK Žilina 2–3 on aggregate, although they won the first leg 1–0 in Baku.

In 2008, Baku appointed Gjoko Hadžievski as their manager, and after a poor first season, the club celebrated their second title. Under his charge, FC Baku became the first Azerbaijani team to qualify for the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. The team beat FK Ekranas in the second qualifying round after a 2–2 draw in Lithuania and 4–2 win in the Tofik Bakhramov Stadium in the second leg, although they lost to Levski Sofia in the next round 2–0 on aggregate, with Baku drawing the first leg 0–0 at home.

Downfall and financial struggles (2008–2018)
In 2010, the club was handed a two-match suspension by UEFA for fielding Joël Epalle in the first leg of the second qualifying round of the Europa League against FK Budućnost, who was ineligible to play at the time. Baku won the first leg 2–1, but UEFA awarded Budućnost a 3–0 win due to Baku fielding a suspended player. Although Baku went on to win the second leg 2–1, they lost 4–2 on aggregate due to the awarded win.

A long period of decline followed the success of the 2008 to the end of the decade. Despite the appointment of famous names such as Bülent Korkmaz, Winfried Schäfer, Aleksandrs Starkovs, Božidar Bandović and Milinko Pantić, the club did not achieve any success and squandered large sums of money on unsuccessful signings.

In 2014, the club owner Hafiz Mammadov's financial difficulties forced number of players and personnel to seek new clubs, leaving the club's future uncertain. The club was relegated from the Premier League in the 2014–15 season, and played in the Azerbaijani First Division in the 2015–16 season. The club became defunct as a professional club the next year.

Colours and logo
The club's traditional kit is a white and blue shirt, white shorts with grey socks. Their away kit is all maroon. Baku's kits are manufactured by Macron. The club sponsored by the Baghlan Group and ZQAN Holding. The club's logo is based on The Maiden Tower, a noted landmark and one of Azerbaijan's most distinctive emblems.

Stadium
Tofik Bakhramov Stadium was used for a long period of time as Baku's main stadium. In 2008, Baku's president Hafiz Mammadov announced that a new stadium which will have a capacity of 10,000 fans will be built. The new stadium was expected to be finished in 2010, but construction is currently on hold.

The club's training base is currently used for its domestic games, which holds 2,000 fans.

Supporters
The club enjoys support from fans scattered all over the city, and the local area in general. The club has been the subject of an independent supporters' fanzine Toplu Bakı since the 2010s.

European record
Updated 21 July 2009.

Notable managers
The following managers have all won at least one trophy when in charge of FC Baku:

Honours

 * Azerbaijan League
 * Champions (2): 2005–06, 2008–09
 * Azerbaijan Cup
 * Winners (3): 2004–05, 2009–10, 2011–12

title: FC Baku


text: Talk:Camerupt

title: Talk:Camerupt