text:
The Hockey Song

"The Hockey Song", sometimes mistakenly called "The Good Old Hockey Game", is a song written and originally performed by Canadian folksinger Stompin' Tom Connors. The song's first release was on Connors' 1973 album, Stompin' Tom and the Hockey Song. The song was played at Ottawa Senators games in 1992, after which Pat Burns, then coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs, insisted it be played in Toronto as well. The song is now played throughout both Canadian and American NHL arenas, as well in the home arenas of European hockey teams (e.g. Dinamo Rīga).

Content
The verses of the song are split up so that each one describes a period of play in a typical hockey game. In the first verse Connors sings, "Someone roars, Bobby scores!". In the last verse Connors sings that it is the last game of the playoffs and the "Stanley Cup is all filled up for the champs that win the drink". He later also sings "The puck is in, the home team wins!". In concert he would sometimes change "home team" to an actual team based on where he was playing. One example was at the closing ceremonies for Maple Leaf Gardens, when he changed the last game line from the playoffs to "the Garden", and mentioned that the Leafs have won.

In the song's chorus, Connors sings, "The good old hockey game is the best game you can name, and the best game you can name is the good old hockey game."

Popular culture
The song has been covered numerous times. One cover version was used in combination with Connors' recording as the theme song for the 1990s CTV series, Power Play, while another was used to open NHL broadcasts on CTV Sportsnet in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

In 2004, the American comedy-talk show Late Night with Conan O'Brien taped a week's worth of shows in Canada. During one of these telecasts, Connors, making one of the first American TV appearances of his entire career, was brought on to perform "The Hockey Song".

With the expiration of CBC Television's licence of "The Hockey Theme" for Hockey Night in Canada in 2008, Connors let it be known that he would be open to an appropriate licensing offer for his song as a replacement theme song.

"The Hockey Song" was re-recorded in 2008 by Connors as the "new 2008 version" and was featured on his studio album, The Ballad of Stompin' Tom. Connors thought that the original recording in the 1970s was "too thin".

In 2011, a cover of the song was used by NBC Sports in a promo for the 2012 NHL Winter Classic. Multiple fans produced versions of the song with lyrics changed to reflect the 2012–13 labour disputes.

On 6 March 2013, Great Big Sea performed "The Hockey Song" in concert in San Francisco as a tribute to Stompin' Tom Connors, who had died earlier that day.

On 27 October 2018, the song was added to the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame, with a ceremony at an NHL game between the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Winnipeg Jets at Scotiabank Arena in Toronto, including a performance by country singer Tim Hicks and a plaque presentation to Connors' son and family.

The song is featured in the "Hockey Night in Burnaby" episode of Being Ian and the 2022 hockey-themed episode "Top Goon", in Season 34 of The Simpsons.

title: The Hockey Song


text:
18th Daytime Emmy Awards

The 18th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, June 27, 1991, on CBS, to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from the previous year (1990). The awards were hosted by The Price Is Right host Bob Barker. For the first time, they aired in the evening, from 9 to 11 p.m. EST.

Outstanding Drama Series

 * As the World Turns
 * All My Children
 * Guiding Light
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Lead Actor

 * Peter Bergman (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
 * David Canary (Adam Chandler & Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
 * Nicolas Coster (Lionel Lockridge, Santa Barbara)
 * A Martinez (Cruz Castillo, Santa Barbara)
 * James Reynolds (Henry Marshall, Generations)

Outstanding Lead Actress

 * Finola Hughes (Anna Devane, General Hospital)
 * Julia Barr (Brooke English, All My Children)
 * Jeanne Cooper (Katherine Chancellor, The Young and the Restless)
 * Elizabeth Hubbard (Lucinda Walsh, As the World Turns)
 * Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)

Outstanding Supporting Actor

 * Bernie Barrow (Louie Slavinski, Loving)
 * William Christian (Derek Frye, All My Children)
 * Stuart Damon (Alan Quartermaine, General Hospital)
 * William Roerick (Henry Chamberlain, Guiding Light)
 * Kin Shriner (Scott Baldwin, General Hospital)
 * Jerry verDorn (Ross Marler, Guiding Light)

Outstanding Supporting Actress

 * Jess Walton (Jill Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
 * Darlene Conley (Sally Spectra, The Bold and the Beautiful)
 * Maureen Garrett (Holly Reade, Guiding Light)
 * Jill Larson (Opal Cortlandt, All My Children)
 * Kathleen Widdoes (Emma Snyder, As the World Turns)

Outstanding Younger Actor

 * Rick Hearst (Alan-Michael Spaulding, Guiding Light)
 * Justin Gocke (Brandon Capwell, Santa Barbara)
 * Bryan Buffington (Bill Lewis III, Guiding Light)
 * Andrew Kavovit (Paul Ryan, As the World Turns)
 * Kristoff St. John (Adam Marshall, Generations)

Outstanding Younger Actress

 * Anne Heche (Marley Hudson & Vicky Hudson, Another World)
 * Tricia Cast (Nina Webster, The Young and the Restless)
 * Kimberly McCullough (Robin Scorpio, General Hospital)
 * Ashley Peldon (Marah Lewis, Guiding Light)
 * Charlotte Ross (Eve Donovan, Days of Our Lives)

Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team

 * Santa Barbara
 * All My Children
 * As the World Turns
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team

 * Santa Barbara
 * All My Children
 * Guiding Light
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Animated Program

 * Steven Spielberg, Tom Ruegger, Ken Boyer, Art Leonardi, Art Vitello, Paul Dini, and Sherri Stoner (Tiny Toon Adventures)
 * Howie Mandel, Tom Tataranowicz, Bernard Wolf, Jim Staahl, Jack Heiter, John Callas, Mitch Schauer, Jim Fisher, Diane Dixon, Michael Wolf, and Phil Roman (Bobby's World)
 * Cassandra Schafhausen, Nicholas Boxer, Andy Heyward, Larry Houston, Will Meugniot, Barbara Y.E. Pyle, Robby London, Thom Beers, Reed Shelly, Bruce Shelly, and Jim Duffy (Captain Planet and the Planeteers)
 * Michael C. Gross, Robby London, Andy Heyward, Joe Medjuck, Len Janson, Chuck Menville, Will Meugniot, and Stan Phillips (Slimer! And the Real Ghostbusters)
 * Sharman Divono, Jeff Hall, Tom Ray, Phil Roman, Mark Evanier, Bob Curtis, and Bob Nesler (Garfield and Friends)

Outstanding Music Direction and Composition

 * William Ross (Tiny Toon Adventures - "Fields of Honey")
 * Johnny Costa (Mister Rogers' Neighborhood)
 * Stephen James Taylor (Brother Future)
 * Glenn A. Jordan, George S. Clinton, and Mark Mothersbaugh (Pee-wee's Playhouse)

Outstanding Original Song

 * Bruce Broughton (Music & Lyrics), Wayne Kaatz (lyrics), and Tom Ruegger (lyrics) - "Main title Theme". (Tiny Toon Adventures)
 * A.J. Gundell - "Love Like This". (Guiding Light)
 * Steve Dorff, and Gloria Sklerov - "If This Isn't Love". (As the World Turns)
 * Dominic Messinger (Music & Lyrics), Roxanne Seeman (Music & Lyrics), and Billie Hughes (Lyrics) (Santa Barbara)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 18th Daytime Emmy Awards


text:
Category:Limestone caves

Limestone caves are caves which are primarily formed in limestone.

title: Category:Limestone caves


text:
User talk:EnDumEn

Thanks for fighting vandalism on the moth page. Zeimusu | (Talk page) 23:46, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Request for edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this:

 * [[Image:Edit_Summary-2.png|Edit summary text box]]

The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature.

When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. – Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 22:02, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot
SuggestBot predicts that you will enjoy editing some of these articles. Have fun!

SuggestBot picks articles in a number of ways based on other articles you've edited, including straight text similarity, following wikilinks, and matching your editing patterns against those of other Wikipedians. It tries to recommend only articles that other Wikipedians have marked as needing work. Your contributions make Wikipedia better -- thanks for helping.

If you have feedback on how to make SuggestBot better, please tell me on SuggestBot's talk page. Thanks from ForteTuba, SuggestBot's caretaker.

P.S. You received these suggestions because your name was listed on the SuggestBot request page. If this was in error, sorry about the confusion. -- SuggestBot (talk) 20:12, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:EnDumEn


text:
Elmendorf

Elmendorf may refer to:

People with the surname

 * Dave Elmendorf, former NFL player
 * Douglas Elmendorf, former director of the Congressional Budget Office
 * Lucas Conrad Elmendorf, United States Representative from New York
 * Steven Elmendorf, lobbyist

Places

 * Elmendorf, Texas
 * Elmendorf Air Force Base, Anchorage, Alaska
 * Elmendorf Farm, Fayette County, Kentucky

title: Elmendorf


text:
Tail 'Gator

Tail 'Gator, known in Japan as Shippo de Bun! (しっぽでブン!), is a Game Boy video game released in 1991. In the game, the player plays a small alligator known as 'Charly' who whips his tail forward to attack.

Story
The story of the game centers on the conflict arising from a dragon warlord known as 'Basso Gila' who teleported his castle and army to the peaceful animal kingdom of 'Moberry' in order to destroy it and establish his ultimate rule. The council of elders of Moberry put Charly, the highland alligator, on the task to send the invaders packing in order to ensure their well-deserved freedom.

Gameplay
There are five areas in Tail 'Gator; the first three are divided into four sections revolving around recurring themes: Air, land, cave, and underwater. The fourth and fifth areas are themed around Basso Gila's castle.

The player must complete all sections in order to advance to the next area. This is done by opening up treasure chests in each level. Each chest contains random items save for the last chest which is always a key to unlock the door.

Each section has four levels. In Area 2's "Land" section and Area 3's "Underwater" section, there are secret levels which are accessed by a hidden door that's partially revealed by obtaining the key. The fourth and fifth areas only have three levels each.

When Charly kills an enemy (normally two tail swings), it will eventually respawn at its starting point.

Power-ups
All the power-ups that can be collected by destroying the treasure chests are as follows:

 * Heart: This will give Charly more H.P.; every time Charly is hit by an enemy his H.P. will decrease. When Charly runs out of hearts, the game is over, and his score is reset, even if the player opts to continue.
 * Power: This will fill Charly's power meter. When the bar is full, it will begin to count down, during which Charly's tail attack will unleash a limited-range projectile. Collecting Power during this time will prolong the time limit.
 * Bonus: This will give Charly extra points. Every time Charly collects a bonus without being hit, the points will increase. It starts from 100 and eventually reaches 10000; if Charly is hit, the points will start back at 100.
 * Bomb: This item will instantly kill every enemy on the screen. The more enemies there are, the more points can be earned. If a bomb is collected while no enemy is in view, it will still give the player 100 points.
 * Super Power: This rarely-seen item will fill Charly's power meter instantly. When taken while already powered up, it will increase the timer to the maximum. This item is most often found in the boss rooms.
 * Key: This gives Charly access to the next stage in the area.

Bosses

 * Area 1 Cave, Frog Boss: It leaps from one side of the battle area to the other, firing three balls horizontally at Charly. When Charly comes too close it will hit him.
 * Area 2 Underwater, Fish Boss: It swims up and down, blowing bubbles that can be destroyed by a few tail swings. The bubbles can burst into three balls. The fish will eventually blow a very large bubble that fills the screen with projectiles.
 * Area 3 Air, Bird Boss: It flies around shooting three projectiles and will eventually fire a very tall wave-like projectile.
 * Area 4 Land, Otter Boss: It floats horizontally, clubbing two rocks together that produce star-shaped projectiles.
 * Area 5 Castle, Basso Gila: It stands still in one place and fires a fireball which, when it hits the wall, will burst into three smaller projectiles.

Reception
Allgame gives Tail 'Gator a 4.5/5

title: Tail 'Gator


text:
User:Glenn Magus Harvey

Hi, I'm Glenn Magus Harvey, an occasional contributor to Wikipedia.

I used to contribute more often, but then obligations such as homework got in the way. And while I'm not really happy about Wikipedia's notability, no-original-research, and spoilers rules, but I still really like and appreciate Wikipedia's contributions to the world and to the dissemination of knowledge to more people, and it's great as a baseline resource of information. These days, I continue to make mostly minor improvements (such as spelling/grammar fixes) here and there.

title: User:Glenn Magus Harvey


text:
Talk:Calabarzon

All caps?
Is there a reason this is in all caps? -- Cyrius|✎ 23:47, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's an acronym that stands for the provinces it is composed of. CAvite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon. TheCoffee 02:35, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Eyeballs slid right over that part of the article, whoops. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:59, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

CalabarzonA?
We need a local, I think, to clarify the CALABARZON/CALABARZONA issue?

The latter's article seems to indicate that the latter supercedes the former, as being composed of the latter's five components plus one more that's unconnected to the others, is that it? Or am I missing something? DS 14:19, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I've never heard of this "CALABARZONA". Aurora province is in a different region, and to my knowledge it was never part of CALABARZON. No Google hits for "calabarzona". If this is supposed to be a hoax, it's pretty lame. Coffee 16:41, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, that's good enough for me. I'll switch it to a redirect. DS 16:41, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's what I would do. Coffee 17:22, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Actually, the original components of the Southern Tagalog Region (Region 4) prior to its break-up were: Aurora, CALABARZON, and MIMAROPA. There was a time when the splitting of Region 4 was not official yet, that is, when CALABARZON and MIMAROPA were sub-regions of Region 4. Then there was the issue with Aurora province, so CALABARZON became CALABARZONA for a while.When the split into official regions happened, that was the time when Aurora was officially transferred to Region 3, thus the duration of calling the sub-region CALABARZONA was brief, hence its non-popularity. Although i do remember that some people argued back then that CALABARZON is ok to use over CALABARZONA since the "AR" string would somehow incorporate Aurora into the acronym...Meynardtengco 17:34, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

From my school days, Aurora province has always been part of Region 3 and not region 4. The proper acronym is indeed CALABARZON. Usagichin 06:47, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ph seal laguna.png
Image:Ph seal laguna.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

— Save_Us _ 229  22:52, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ph seal rizal.png
Image:Ph seal rizal.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

— Save_Us _ 229  22:54, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ph seal cavite.png
Image:Ph seal cavite.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

— Save_Us _ 229  23:03, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Ph seal batangas.png
The image File:Ph seal batangas.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

The following images also have this problem:

 * File:Ph seal quezon.png
 * File:Ph seal quezon lucena.png

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --12:51, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

region IV
why we have 2 parts in region IV —Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.28.152.215 (talk) 08:52, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Not a portmanteau
CALABARZON does not appear to be a portmanteau, either in the technical sense of fused function words or in the popular sense of a blend of content words. Rather, it resembles an acronym, formed from the first one or two letters of four provinces, plus the last three of Quezon. Compare such acronyms as radar, from RAdio Detection And Ranging, or NOR gate, from Negation of OR operator. Is there a reliable source that calls CALABARZON a portmanteau? Cnilep (talk) 13:34, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Fair Use on Seals
I've checked the individual seals for the provinces and I noticed that there was a fair use rationale for every one of them. This means we can use the seals for this page, right? Unless there's something I'm not getting. Enlighten me, please. NyanThousand (talk) 16:40, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Just because a rationale exists does not mean that it is valid. Often users just copy/paste rationales and change the article name, take a look at WP:NFCC specifically WP:NFCC Werieth (talk) 16:43, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I see. I'm trying to see if there's something we can do about it but WP:NFCC seems pretty clear on the issue. Shame though. NyanThousand (talk) 17:58, 9 March 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 14 April 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved Mike Cline (talk) 14:17, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Calabarzon → CALABARZON – The proper name of the region is in all caps as it is an acronym (like NASA, or UNESCO). Page was moved from "CALABARZON" to "Calabarzon" without discussion. seav (talk) 16:34, 14 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose. Looks like the current spelling has become common in contemporary reliable sources such as those in Google News. Btw, not all acronyms are capitalized like Jabodetabek, Nabisco and Sunoco. :)--RioHondo (talk) 02:59, 15 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose - per search "Calabarzon is" in Google Books. In ictu oculi (talk) 06:48, 15 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No SHOUTING in Wikipedia.  173.160.224.84 (talk) 15:56, 16 April 2015 (UTC)
 *  COMMENT , site:www.gov.ph predominantly uses "CALABARZON" but not to anything close to an overwhelming extent. GregKaye 05:56, 17 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 one external links on Calabarzon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6DpMOBTiK?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscb.gov.ph%2Factivestats%2Fpsgc%2Flistprov.asp to http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110429190752/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp to http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130928012059/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf to http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Population%20and%20Annual%20Growth%20Rates%20for%20The%20Philippines%20and%20Its%20Regions%2C%20Provinces%2C%20and%20Highly%20Urbanized%20Cities%20Based%20on%201990%2C%202000%2C%20and%202010%20Censuses.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:12, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:37, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Rizal Monument in Calamba, Laguna.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:45, 21 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Katherine Agapay (cropped).jpg

title: Talk:Calabarzon


text:
Jim Cronin (zookeeper)

James Michael Cronin MBE (15 November 1951 – 17 March 2007) was the American co-founder in 1987 of Monkey World in Dorset, England, a sanctuary for abused and neglected primates. He was widely acknowledged as an international expert in the rescue and rehabilitation of abused primates, and in the enforcement of international treaties aimed at protecting them from illegal trade and experimentation.

Cronin was awarded an honorary MBE by Queen Elizabeth II in 2006 for services to animal welfare.

Early life
Cronin was born on 15 November 1951 in Yonkers, New York, to Italian-Irish parents. The son of a union official, he was educated at St Denis School and Lincoln High School. He had a number of jobs after leaving school before becoming a keeper at Bronx Zoo in the 1970s. While working there he realised he wanted to work with animals. In 1980 he moved to Kent in the UK to work in John Aspinall's zoo.

Working with primates
Cronin started his work with primates through working as a zoo keeper in various zoos. In 1980 he came to Britain where he acquired a job as a zoo keeper at John Aspinall's zoo at Howletts, where he perfected his skills of primate rehabilitation and care. John Aspinall had set up a breeding programme for gorillas which were an endangered species. Cronin's passion for working with primates made him quite successful in his career and encouraged him to have an ambition of one day building a safe haven for mistreated primates. During his years working at John Aspinall's Zoo, he gave himself the necessary experience of dealing with apes on a daily basis in his career path of working with them as well as small monkeys and their complex life necessities.

Monkey World
It was during Cronin's years working as a zoo keeper at the Howletts Zoo that he was notified about the plight of chimpanzees being abused. These African great apes were being smuggled from the wild by illegal poachers and being transported abroad to Europe, where the young chimpanzees were being purchased then used as photographic props by photographers on beach resorts in Spain. These chimps would suffer horrible abuse – having their teeth knocked out to prevent them biting tourists, drugged to remain sedate, and physically beaten to remain submissive and easy to handle before growing too big and being killed to be simply replaced by another. Cronin was infuriated by the fate that these magnificent apes encountered and decided to dedicate his life in trying to solve the problem.

In the middle 1980s Spain had released legislation that forbade the use of chimpanzees as photographer's props, and this turn of action gave Cronin some optimism on how he would reach his goal of helping the chimps. In 1986 Cronin approached a British couple called Simon and Peggy Templer who had started rescuing the beach chimps in 1978. Cronin worked together with the Templers who had set up a half-way house where the confiscated chimps were being housed. The chimps would not be able to stay there for long, and it was Cronin's idea that shed light. Cronin requested discussions on how he could possibly help and with the assistance of the Spanish authorities (the Guardia Civil) confiscating the chimps, there would certainly be more individuals arriving at the small half-way house.

During 1987 Cronin returned to England and focused on how he could possibly build a sanctuary for the chimps. The Templers agreed to re-home the chimps at the sanctuary which Cronin promised to be able to build. Cronin recruited help from his best friend Jeremy Keeling, who was a fellow zoo keeper, and the pair set out to achieve their ambition of a primate sanctuary. Cronin was notified about an abandoned pig farm located near Wool, Dorset. The old land covered 65 acres and would be perfect for what would become a primate rescue centre.

After securing a small business loan, Cronin acquired permission to build the first enclosure which would be for the chimps. He knew that the animals needed to know how to live a natural way of life again, therefore Cronin set up a map of the enclosure which would cover two acres, filled with grass, shrubs and custom-built climbing structures made from telephone poles. The whole two acres would be surrounded by an electric fence. After some finishing touches, such as human resources like a café and a children's playground, the sanctuary was finally complete and was named Monkey World Ape Rescue Centre.

In July 1987, Cronin was able to bring the first group of nine chimps from the Templers' half-way house to Monkey World. Once at the park, the chimpanzees were rehabilitated and housed in their new accommodations. Also within the park was one hand-reared female Bornean orangutan named Amy, who was brought by Jeremy Keeling, whose job it was to look after the animals at the centre. There was the arrival of some Barbary macaques, pig-tailed macaques and some ring-tailed lemurs, which made up the rest of the collection of primates housed in Cronin's rescue centre. More chimpanzees from Spain arrived at the park.

Cronin opened Monkey World on 7 August 1987, providing the public with a rare opportunity to observe exotic primates. He made the sanctuary a rescue centre and not a zoo. The female chimpanzees were put on birth control to save space for more individuals needing rescuing. Monkey World did not only rescue Spanish beach chimps, but chimps from a variety of circumstances such as exotic pets, circus entertainers and medical research laboratory subjects. In 1993, Cronin met Alison Ames, an authority on animal behaviour and Cambridge graduate in biological anthropology. She and Cronin were married in 1996, from then on running Monkey World as a combined venture.

Cronin could hardly believe that his small refuge centre had grown into a thriving rescue centre for primates from around the world. Monkey World worked with the Ping Tung Rescue Centre in Taiwan in stopping the illegal smuggling of apes from the wild, and Monkey World was able to re-home some of the primates from the Ping Tung Rescue Centre, including Bornean orangutans and different species of gibbon. Monkey World started working with foreign governments in the prevention of primate smuggling for pet trades, including the pet trade in Britain which allowed citizens to keep exotic small monkeys without being able to care for them properly or meet their substantial needs. Cronin and Alison travelled to places around the world, investigating animal trades, especially the trade and exploitation of primates.

Cronin's sanctuary had successfully recruited a number of Primate Care Staff who see that the day-to-day requirements of the primates are met. Veterinary consultants were brought in to help treat the animals and Adoption Schemes were set up to allow the park to continue its rescue and rehabilitation work. The biggest rescue the centre undertook was that of the 19 retired stump-tailed macaques from a medical research laboratory in the UK; but the rescue mission in 2008, of the 88 capuchin monkeys from a medical research laboratory in Chile, took the record of the largest rescue of primates in the world.

In 2006, Cronin was awarded an MBE by Queen Elizabeth II for services to animal welfare he was accompanied by Robert Pitts. Cronin has also received the Jane Goodall Award.

The television series Monkey Business (made by Meridian Broadcasting and shown on ITV Meridian in the UK and on Animal Planet worldwide) has documented the Cronin's frequent rescue missions and undercover investigations throughout Europe and Asia for the past 10 years. Beginning in 2007, Monkey Business was replaced with Monkey Life, which also documents the goings-on within Monkey World.

Death
Following a brief battle with liver cancer, Cronin died on 17 March 2007 at the Cabrini Medical Center, Manhattan, New York. He was survived by his daughter Eleanor, from his first marriage, and his wife Alison Cronin. Since his death, Monkey World has been run by Alison.

Jim Cronin Memorial Fund
The Jim Cronin Memorial Fund for Primate Welfare and Conservation was set up for the purpose of continuing Cronin's legacy and for the support of primate conservation and welfare all over the world. It is a UK-registered charity, number 1126939, and is sponsored by Monkey World.

title: Jim Cronin (zookeeper)


text:
Talk:World Boxing Organization

Former Champions
Now there is the List of WBO world champions, I suggest we can remove the "Former champions"-chapter from this article. Does anyone disagree?Jeff5102 09:36, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

The 4th sanctioning body
I'm surprised this article makes no reference to the face that the WBA, WBC and IBF are considered to be the 3 major sanctioning bodies in boxing, and the WBO has always been referred to as a 4th belt, or stepping stone belt. The true definition of undisputed champ has always been to hold WBA/WBC and IBF belts at once. In fact i'm sure this article used to say just that. I know that wikipedia entires for 'WBA' 'WBC' 'IBF' and 'Undisputed Champion' all do.

That is a far too general statement, and at various times has been totally untrue. Currently the WBO Heavyweight, Cruiserweight and middleweight champions are considered to be the legitimate recognized champions, and there are numerous examples of times when the WBO belt has cast a shade of doubt on the legitimacy of champions who held other belts —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.147.48.225 (talk) 14:55, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Criticism section
Please keep an eye out for people trying to remove the "Criticism" section of the article. The fact that the WBO kept a boxer in its top 10 rankings -- and even moved him up in the rankings twice -- after he had died is certainly relevant to an understanding of the WBO. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 07:24, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * IMO criticism is always a relevant section when discussing any organisation as long as it is not given undue weight and it is sourced correctly, but I'll keep an eye out.--Vintagekits (talk) 08:28, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I note that the Criticism section was removed once again, and I have restored it. The person who deleted it stated in their edit summary that if the article about the WBA doesn't have a criticism section, then this one shouldn't either. I would strongly disagree with this, because if there is properly sourced and relevant criticism of the WBA, then that should be covered in the WBA's article. Omissions from other articles do not mean that we need to have omissions in this article as well; rather, we should try to improve both articles. Trying to cover up the WBO's faults is not going to be helpful. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 17:57, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, I came here to comment that section after reverting a bit of vandalism. The curious thing is that this isn't criticism but rather a Frankestein-like section, which oddly enough, lacks some real criticism. The ranking of a dead man is something that could be included in a new section discussing the ranking system used by the WBO, which can be easily worked using their webpage. The "Initial holder of heavyweight title" part is just silly, since the WBO was a minor organism back there and selecting obscure boxers for title fights is exactly what minor organisms do most of the time, it seems out of place and maybe even a little biased in that matter, so I would personally remove that statement altogether. -  Ca ri bb e a  n ~ H. Q.  21:38, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The problem as I see it is that the WBO seemed to be saying at the time that Francesco Damiani and Johnny DuPlooy were better boxers than Mike Tyson at the time, because they were allowed to compete for the initial WBO heavyweight title and Tyson was not. Such an opinion would have found few supporters in the boxing community at the time. On the other hand, the situation may have been one where the WBO inquired as to Tyson's management whether he was interested in being considered for the WBO heavyweight title, but they didn't want to endorse the WBO or pay the WBO sanctioning fees or something like that. In that case, it would be helpful to find a quote from a WBO official saying that Damiani and DuPlooy were the top heavyweights who expressed interest in seeking the WBO title, as opposed to the WBO having considered them to be able to beat Tyson. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:27, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think that such a statement will ever appear. In this case, Tyson's management most likely declined paying the fee for a minor title. That is common practice even today, unless you are Ricky Hatton (j/k). -  Ca ri bb e a  n ~ H. Q.  21:28, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:World Boxing Organization


text:
List of aces of aces

Ace of aces is a title accorded to the top active ace within a branch of service in a nation's military in time of war. The title is most closely associated with fighter aces, though there are other types, such as tank aces and submarine aces.

Flying aces
Ace of aces is a title accorded to the top flying ace of a nation's air force during time of war.

World War I
The concept of aces emerged in 1915 during World War I.

World War II
World War II had more planes than any other war.

Submarine aces
Ace of the Deep is a title accorded to the top subsea ace/undersea ace/submarine ace of a nation's submarine force during time of war.

Tank aces
A "tank ace" or Panzer ace has been described by Historian Robert Kershaw as being the minority of tank commanders that accounted for the most destroyed enemy armor, saying it is roughly analogous with a flying ace.

Later wars

 * Aces of WWII
 * Toliver, Raymond F. and Trevor J. Constable (1998). Die deutschen Jagdflieger-Asse 1939 – 1945. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-87943-193-0.
 * Samuel, Wolfgang W.E. (2004). American Raiders — The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-649-2.
 * Samuel, Wolfgang W.E. (2004). American Raiders — The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-649-2.

title: List of aces of aces


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Juan Jose Costanzo

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Dmcdevit·t 00:52, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Juan Jose Costanzo
Delete so much advertising it even includes a phone number. It might be 60 years old, but I can't find Googles, so it's unverifiable from here. -Splash 23:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad/promotion. -- Etacar11   00:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad/promotion + non-notable + unverifiable. — Ambush Commander (Talk) 02:14, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 08:53, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
INAC

INAC may refer to:
 * Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, a department of the Government of Canada (formerly Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada)
 * Instituto Nacional de Aviación Civil, the Argentine aviation institution
 * National Institute of Civil Aviation (Instituto Nacional de Aeronáutica Civil), the former Venezuelan civil aviation agency
 * Nicaraguan Civil Aeronautics Institute (Instituto Nicaragüense de Aeronáutica Civil), the Nicaraguan civil aviation agency
 * Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo (National Institute for the Application of Calculus, now Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone"), Italian scientific institution on applied mathematics
 * Instituto Nacional de Cultura, a Panamanian governmental agency
 * National Meat Institute (Instituto Nacional de Carnes), a Uruguayan governmental agency
 * INAC Kobe Leonessa, Japanese football club
 * İnaç, Çankırı

title: INAC


text:
Dmytro Yakimischak

Dmytro Yakimischak (October 7, 1888 —1958 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1920 to 1927.

Yakimischak was born in Ukraine, to a family of prosperous farmers. He was educated at public schools in Ukraine, and came in Canada in 1898. Yakimischak continued his education at the University of Manitoba, receiving Bachelor of Arts and law degrees. He served as director of the Ukrainian Publishing Company, Limited.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1920 provincial election as a Farmer candidate, defeating Conservative Roy Whitman and incumbent Liberal John D. Baskerville in the southeastern constituency of Emerson. He served in the Independent-Farmer bloc in the parliament which followed.

Yakimiscak was re-elected as an independent in the 1922 provincial election, winning by an increased majority. He was defeated in the 1927 campaign, however, finishing a distant fourth against Liberal-Progressive candidate Robert Curran.

title: Dmytro Yakimischak


text:
Le Groupe Dance Lab

Le Groupe Dance Lab (formerly Le Groupe de la Place Royale) was a contemporary dance research centre formed in Montreal in 1966 as a dance company. It re-located to Ottawa in 1977 and changed its name and artistic mission in 1988. It closed its doors in 2009. The Dance Lab was founded by Jeanne Renaud and the main (and original) Artistic Director was Peter Boneham.

authors: Я сошла с ума

title: Le Groupe Dance Lab


text:
Penitential Act

The Penitential Act (capitalized in the Roman Missal) is a Christian form of general confession of sinfulness that normally takes place at the beginning of the celebration of Mass in the Roman Rite of the Catholicism, as well as in Lutheranism. In Anglicanism, it is said as part of the Eucharist, but it is not considered an official sacrament.

The term used in the original text of the Roman Missal (in Latin) is Actus Paenitentialis. In the English translation of the Roman Missal used from 1973 to 2011, it was called the Penitential Rite.

The Penitential Act, also known as A "Brief Order of Confession", takes place at the start of Lutheran Divine Service, and may include an Absolution, giving it sacramental weight.

Roman Rite
In the Order of Mass of the Roman Rite, which is the most widespread liturgical rite in the Catholic Church, the introductory part of Mass normally includes a Penitential Act after the making of the sign of the cross and the priest's greeting. The Roman Missal provides three forms. The priest begins each with an exhortation to acknowledge one's sinfulness as preparation for celebrating the sacred mysteries and he ends it with the prayer, "May almighty God have mercy on us, forgive us our sins, and bring us to everlasting life", a deprecatory absolution, as distinct from the declarative or indicative absolution, "I absolve you from your sins". Between these two interventions by the priest, sinfulness is acknowledged in one of three ways;
 * 1) Recitation of the Confiteor;
 * 2) A short prayer, beginning with "Have mercy on us, O Lord", recited alternately by priest and people;
 * 3) A short litany spoken or sung, not necessarily by the priest, to each of whose three variable invocations or tropes the people respond with the acclamation Kyrie, eleison or Christe, eleison (Lord, have mercy; Christ, have mercy)

The Penitential Act is followed by the Kyrie eleison chant (unless the third form of the Penitential Act has been chosen) and on solemnities and feasts by the Gloria.

If certain celebrations are combined with Mass, then the Penitential Act and other parts of the Introductory Rites are omitted or performed in a different way. An example is the Mass of Ash Wednesday, in which the Penitential Act is replaced by the blessing and imposition of ashes after the homily.

"On Sundays, especially in the Season of Easter, in place of the customary Penitential Act, from time to time the Blessing and Sprinkling of Water to recall Baptism may take place."

Tridentine Mass
The Tridentine Roman Missal (editions from 1570 to 1962), which does not use the term "Penitential Act", has an equivalent, within the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar, in the Confiteor:

The priest says:

 * Text (in Latin)
 * Confiteor Deo omnipotenti, beatæ Mariæ semper Virgini, beato Michaeli Archangelo, beato Ioanni Baptistæ, sanctis Apostolis Petro et Paulo, omnibus Sanctis, et vobis, fratres: quia peccavi nimis cogitatione, verbo et opere: mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa. Ideo precor beatam Mariam semper Virginem, beatum Michaelem Archangelum, beatum Ioannem Baptistam, sanctos Apostolos Petrum et Paulum, omnes Sanctos, et vos, fratres, orare pro me ad Dominum Deum nostrum.

 * An English translation (unofficial)
 * I confess to Almighty God, to blessed Mary ever Virgin, to blessed Michael the Archangel, to blessed John the Baptist, to the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, to all the Saints, and to you, brethren, that I have sinned exceedingly in thought, word and deed: through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault. Therefore I beseech blessed Mary ever Virgin, blessed Michael the Archangel, blessed John the Baptist, the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, all the Saints, and you, brethren, to pray for me to the Lord our God.

Deacon and subdeacon at a solemn Mass, server(s) at a low Mass, or server(s) and people at a dialogue Mass respond:
 * Misereátur tui omnípotens Deus, et dimíssis peccátis tuis, perdúcat te ad vitam ætérnam (May Almighty God have mercy on you, forgive you your sins and bring you to everlasting life).

The Confiteor is then repeated by the others, replacing vobis fratres and vos fratres (you, brethren) with tibi pater and te pater (you, Father). The priest responds with the Misereatur is spoken by the priest replacing tui with vestri, tuis with vestris, and te with vos. The priest responds with two prayers: Misereátur vestri omnípotens Deus, et dimíssis peccátis vestris, perdúcat vos ad vitam ætérnam (May Almighty God have mercy on you, forgive you your sins and bring you to everlasting life) and (making the sign of the cross) Indulgéntiam, absolutiónem, et remissiónem peccatórum nostrórum, tríbuat nobis omnípotens et miséricors Dóminus (May the Almighty and Merciful Lord grant us pardon, absolution, and remission of our sins).

In the original Tridentine Roman Missal (1570), the Misereatur prayer added the adjective omnibus ("all") to the phrase dimissis peccatis tuis/vestris ("forgive you [all] your sins").

Beliefs
The Lutheran Mass (Divine Service) begins with a brief order of confession. The pastor and congregation say a Confiteor and the pastor may make a Declaration of Grace or an Absolution. If an absolution is spoken, the brief order of confession is understood to be sacramental. However, if private, individual confession is a common practice in a congregation, the brief order of confession may be omitted during the celebration of the Mass. Auricular confession occurs in private, with the penitent enumerating his sins to the priest, who then absolves him/her of the same.

As in the Roman Rite, a Thanksgiving for Baptism (similar to the Blessing and Sprinkling of Water) may replace the brief order of confession.

Formula
Below is an example, taken from the Lutheran Service Book, Divine Service Setting I:

title: Penitential Act


text:
Talk:Deep Roy

Indian or African?
Okay it says here that Deep Roy was born in Nairobi which is the capital of Kenya (unless there's a Nairobi in India?) yet in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005 movie) it claims he is of Indian descent. Here, too, it says he was born in Nairobi but claims he is Indian. What am I missing here, anyone care to enlighten me? Ø 23:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There are large Indian populations in various parts of Africa, particularly in Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and South Africa. Ghandi, for instance, worked for several years as a lawyer in South Africa. Much like an Indian American might identify as being of Indian descent, Roy is a Kenyan of Indian descent. Pburka 00:01, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Apes, not "monkeys"
This is minor, but I wish people would distinguish between members of the great ape family and monkeys. They aren't the same and to claim that his characters in Planet of the Apes are "monkeys" is factually incorrect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.2.9.38 (talk) 04:27, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Deep Roy posing with a female bodybuilder(?!)
Talk about an obscure credit.

 * That is kind of disturbing. But work's work, I guess. --Rachel Cakes 07:12, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Enemy Mine reference
IMDB and Amazon.com list Bumper Robinson in the role of Zammis, and not Deep Roy. I have removed the Enemy Mine Filmography entry

Riaanvn 19:56, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Similar parents?
WTF does 'similar parents' mean? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.89.210.158 (talk) 19:11, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Doesn't make sense. I deleted it. Lukas 02:38, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

"Dwarf"?
The Oompa Loompa article describes Roy as a "dwarf actor". This is something I would expect to find mentioned in this article. However, since it isn't, and neither do any of the links make any explicit statement, is the Oompa Loompa article wrong? The fact that the Oompa Loompas appear small on screen means nothing, as they were digitally composited in anyway.

Also, if the Oompa Loompa article is correct, what would be the currently-acceptable euphemism to use on this page? PeteVerdon 14:15, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, it's listed now. (Probably has been for a while.) --V2Blast (talk) 10:56, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Deep isn't a dwarf. Dwarfs suffer from one of a wide variety of genetic conditions (the different types of dwarfism) that restrict their growth and also tend to inflict other medical problems. Deep is simply someone who stopped growing at a very short height - there's no medical condition that caused it, he simply is at one extreme of the normal human height scale. In the past he'd be described as a midget - "a short person with relatively average bodily proportions in comparison with other human beings" - though that term has become less acceptable thanks to idiots using it as an insult, and I'm not sure what the currently acceptable term is. 109.153.241.132 (talk) 10:28, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

Two complaints
The use of the word "notable" should be discouraged in Wikipedia articles. It is a self-justifying word, and unnecessary.

A cameo appearance has a famous person being on-screen for a few moments. A minor role is not the same thing as a cameo. Mr Roy, while a fine actor, is not a celebrity. Consider that his most notable role is as an Oompah Loompah. Ronstew (talk) 04:35, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Not a border guide!
Not sure what a border guide is but i think they meant to say guard, Anyhow...To anyone who has been through Egypt he is only manning a checkpoint, as is clearly stated in the Transformers 2 movie. They have these to make sure you have the appropriate visa to enter certain areas (from Sinai to mainland for example). Anyhow, its annoying because that movie was full of geographical errors at that point, but the checkpoint was actually somewhat realistic. 75.73.13.212 (talk) 01:17, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Date of birth
No sources seem to report Deep Roy's birthday but on Tim Burton's Facebook page there is a "Happy Birthday Deep Roy" post dated January 26th. Best clue I've seen yet and I saved a screen shot of it. Is that adequate citation for listing his birthday as January 26th? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mt1955 (talk • contribs) 04:25, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

 * IMDB says January 26, 1949, but we now have 1 December 1957. -- Beardo (talk) 04:33, 4 December 2020 (UTC)

wild misinformation
Was I the only one who noticed the extreme amount of misinformation at the top of this article? It said his name was Ethan Pillay, and that he was know professionally as BARRY (yes in all caps) I've attempted to clean it up a bit and replace it with the correct information, but I just want to know what happened? BingomanSC (talk) 11:10, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deep Roy


text:
Salem Memorial Ballpark

Salem Memorial Ballpark is a baseball park in Salem, Virginia. It is part of the James E. Taliferro Sports and Entertainment Complex, along with the Salem Civic Center and Salem Football Stadium, located approximately 1 mi southeast of downtown. Opened on August 7, 1995, it is home to the Salem Red Sox, a minor-league affiliate of the Boston Red Sox. It was built in 1995 at a cost of $10.1 million to replace Municipal Stadium. With a seating capacity of 6,300 people, it offers an impressive view of the Blue Ridge Mountains. For sponsorship reasons, since 2021 the full name of the facility has been Carilion Clinic Field at Salem Memorial Ballpark, named after local healthcare organization Carilion Clinic.

History
In 1993, ownership of the then Salem Buccaneers were looking to sell the franchise. As the existing Municipal Stadium was not adequate to meet the needs of the franchise, Salem leaders looked at options to construct a new stadium in an effort to keep the franchise from relocating. In January 1994, Salem leaders approached both the City of Roanoke and Roanoke County in an effort to develop a regional partnership to construct a stadium. In March 1994, the Salem City Council decided a nonbinding referendum would be held later that summer to let the city residents decide if a new facility should be constructed. On July 19, Salem voters voted in favor of constructing a new ballpark with 2,236 people voting for and 398 voting against the proposal. With its citizens strongly supporting its construction, the Salem City Council voted unanimously on July 25 to approve construction of a new stadium.

In August, final designs were unveiled by Kinsey Shane & Associates, with J.M. Turner & Company selected as general contractor for construction of the $5 million ballpark. Its construction was to occur on property already under the ownership of the city adjacent to both the Salem Civic Center and Salem Football Stadium. The playing field was to be set first followed by the construction of the physical stadium with precast concrete. The facility was tentatively scheduled for completion for the start of the 1995 season. As a result of its construction, in September, ownership signed an agreement with the Colorado Rockies to serve as their Single A team beginning in 1995. The choice was made in large part based on the construction of the new stadium.

Although budgeted to be completed for $5 million, in November Salem approved an additional $1 million to be spent on stadium construction. The following April, costs again rose to $10.1 million for its completion primarily as a result of low construction estimates. Slated to open for the start of the 1995 season, its opening was pushed back to May 22 then to June 20 and July 25 due to construction delays. On August 7, the stadium opened before a standing-room only crowd of 6,421 with the Avalanche defeating the Frederick Keys 3–2 in 15 innings.

The venue hosted the 2003 and 2004 Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournaments, won by Georgia Tech and Florida State, respectively.

The capacity was reduced from 6,300 to 4,968 for the 2009 season when the new Red Sox ownership decided to place tarps over four sections of the general admission seats in an effort to create a more "intimate" fan experience. Due to increased attendance, two of the four tarps were removed towards the end of the 2010 season to expand the stadiums' capacity to 5,503.

All-Star Game
On March 3, 2005, Salem Avalanche officials announced that Salem Memorial Baseball Stadium was selected to play host to the 2006 Carolina-California League All-Star Game. Before a crowd of 5,133, and live television and radio audiences, the team of Carolina League All-Stars defeated the team of California League All-Stars by a score of 6-3. Chad Reineke (Carolina – Salem Avalanche) was the winning pitcher, Rodrigo Escobar (Carolina – Salem Avalanche) earned a save, and José Arredondo (California – Rancho Cucamonga Quakes) was the losing pitcher. Both teams awarded a "Top Star," with each earning a place in the XM Satellite Radio All-Star Futures Game at the 2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. The selection from the Carolina League was Nolan Reimold (Frederick Keys), and Reid Brignac (Visalia Oaks) was selected from the California League. Justin Hedrick (California – San Jose Giants) was named Pitcher of the Game.

Salem also hosted the 2017 All-Star Game, which featured a skills competition at Salem's old ballpark as part of a celebration of Salem's 50th anniversary in the Carolina League. The Northern Division All-Stars defeated the Southern Division All-Stars 2-0. Salem third baseman Michael Chavis, whose two-run double in the first inning scored the only runs of the night, received the MVP Award.

No-hitters
Salem Memorial Ballpark has been the setting for three no-hit games since its opening in 1995. The first took place on August 4, 1996, when Luther Hackman pitched a 4–1 no-hit game against the Kinston Indians. The second took place on April 10, 1997, when Scott Randall and Lariel González, combined to pitch a 1–0 no-hit game against the Wilmington Blue Rocks. The third took place on June 30, 2010, when Nathan Moreau of the Frederick Keys pitched a 7–0 no-hit game against the Red Sox.

College baseball
In addition to serving as a second home field for the Roanoke College baseball team since 2002, Salem Memorial Ballpark has hosted several collegiate tournaments since 1996. In July 1994, city officials announced that the NCAA Division III (D-III) Baseball Championship would be played at the then proposed stadium for five years between 1995 and 1999. Although scheduled to be played in the new ballpark, in April 1995 city officials announced the D-III Baseball Championship would be moved to nearby Municipal Field as a result of construction delays on the new facility. Due to sagging attendance, in 1998 the NCAA announced the D-III Baseball Championship would be moved to Fox Cities Stadium outside Appleton, Wisconsin beginning with the 2000 tournament.

In December 2001, the City of Salem was notified of their successful bid against both Durham Bulls Athletic Park in Durham and L. P. Frans Stadium in Hickory to host both the 2003 and 2004 ACC baseball tournaments. The 2003 tournament saw 18,276 attend the event with Georgia Tech defeating NC State by a score of 6-5. The 2004 tournament saw 23,092 attend the event with Florida State defeating Georgia Tech, 17-5.

Facilities

Seating at the ballpark includes fixed stadium seats and ten luxury boxes located above the main concourse behind home plate. As of 2011, fixed seating capacity is 5,503. Games can be watched from one of two picnic areas — one on the third base line and one on the first base line.

The stadium features four concession stands, numerous other carts, and eight large restrooms. Lines are usually not a problem even with large crowds. There is ample free parking on site which is easily accessed from U.S. 11, U.S. 460, Virginia 419, and Interstate 81. In part because of promotions, the Salem minor league baseball teams have been more successful in building and maintaining attendance than Roanoke Valley's other minor league sports teams.

Naming
In May 1995, the Salem City Council unanimously voted to name the ballpark Salem Memorial Ballpark in honor of Salem's veterans. The name was the suggestion of then mayor Jim Taliaferro, with the American Legion donating $5,500 for the memorial dedicated inside the stadium. In 2006, the naming rights of the stadium were sold to the Salem-based LewisGale Regional Health System, which retained them for eleven seasons. In 2017, naming rights were acquired by Haley Toyota of Roanoke.

title: Salem Memorial Ballpark


text: User:TheSpottedDogsOrganisation

title: User:TheSpottedDogsOrganisation


text:
Talk:Gilbert E. Patterson

"The Article's not that long"
WHY IS THERE A "TOO LONG" TEMPLATE ON THE PAGE!?! The page is NOT too long. --65.120.67.100 (talk) 22:10, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

I agree. It isn't too long. That's wierd that they'd put that up there. Tophthemetalbender (talk) 22:12, 31 July 2011 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:38, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Gep.bishop.jpg

title: Talk:Gilbert E. Patterson


text:
Malta national rugby league team

The Malta national rugby league team (nicknamed the Knights) represent Malta in international rugby league football competitions. They have been competing since 2004.

All-time results record
Below is table of the official representative rugby league matches played by Malta at test level up until 18 February 2024:

Current squad
23-man squad selected for the international against 🇵🇭 Philippines on 23 October 2022.

 * Ryan Azzopardi
 * Matt Borg
 * Joel Bradford
 * Anthony Bucca
 * Carlo Cassar
 * Kyle Cassel
 * Tyler Cassel
 * Jono Dallas
 * Zarrin Galea
 * Aaron Grech
 * Kyal Greene
 * Tyson Jackson
 * Connor McDermott
 * Blake Phillips
 * Justin Rodrigues
 * Zac Rodrigues
 * Jarrod Sammut
 * Jake Scott
 * Ben Stone
 * Josh Vella
 * Zac Vella
 * Jarrod Xerri
 * Jordan Xuereb
 * Cameron Sultana

Malta Knights coaches

 * Joey Grima 2005-06 (5 matches, 3 wins, 2 losses)
 * Tony Farr 2007 (1 match)
 * Anthony Micallef 2008-2015 (12 matches, 7 wins, 5 losses)
 * Peter Cassar 2017 (1 match, 0 wins, 1 draw, 0 losses)
 * Aaron McDonald 2017- (12 matches, 9 wins, 3 losses)
 * Sam Blyton-Keep 2017-2018 (3 matches, 0 wins, 3 losses)
 * James Camilleri 2018 (1 match, 0 wins, 1 loss)
 * Roderick Attard 2021- (3 matches, 1 win, 2 losses)

Results
8 October 2022 Bulgaria 6-50 Malta, Lokomotiv Sofia, Bulgaria

22 June 2022, Lebanon 30-14 Malta, Belmore Oval, Belmore, Australia

14 May 2022, Malta 66-6 Montenegro, Charles Abela Memorial Stadium, Mosta, Malta

6 February 2022 Malta 54-6 North Macedonia, Leichhardt Oval, Sydney, Australia

17 October 2021, Turkey 36-12 Malta, Huseyin Akar Tesisleri Stadium, Bodrum, Türkiye

14 October 2021, Malta 16-40 Czechia, Huseyin AkarTesisleri Stadium, Bodrum, Türkiye

23 November 2019, Wales 34-16 Malta, Brewery Field, Bridgend, Wales

26 October 2019, Malta 28-12 Turkey, New Era Stadium, Sydney, Australia

12 October 2019, Malta 23-20 Italy, Kirkham Oval, Sydney, Australia

13 October 2018, Niue 16-24 Malta, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

10 October 2018, Hungary 10-20 Malta, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

4 October 2018, Malta 16-26 Niue, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

1 October 2018, Malta 36-10 Philippines, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

15 September 2018, Greece 60-4 Malta, Glyka Stadium, Athens, Greece

30 June 2018, Malta 22-34 Ukraine, Matthew Micallef St. John Athletics Stadium, Marsa, Malta

23 June 2018, South Africa 30-24 Malta, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

18 February 2018, Malta 40-0 Hungary, St. Mary's Stadium, St. Mary's, Australia

14 October 2017, Malta 48-16 Hungary, New Era Stadium, Sydney, Australia

8 October 2017, Italy 24-24 Malta, Marconi Stadium, Sydney, Australia

6 May 2017, Lebanon 24-8 Malta, New Era Stadium, Sydney, Australia

4 February 2017, Philippines 26-44 Malta, New Era Stadium, Sydney, Australia

13 October 2016, Ireland 58-10 Malta, Carlisle Grounds, Bray, Ireland

10 October 2015, Malta 30-0 Greece, Matthew Micallef St. John Athletics Stadium, Marsa, Malta

27 September 2015, Spain 40-30 Malta, Polideportivo Cuatre Carreres Stadium, Valencia, Spain

5 September 2015, Malta 22-34 Ireland, Melita FC Stadium, Pembroke, Malta

21 June 2015, Malta 35-34 Belgium, Headingley Carnegie Stadium, Leeds, England

12 July 2014, Czechia 8-34 Malta, Tis RL, Havlichkuv Brod, Czech Republic

28 June 2014, Malta 18-32 Greece, Melita FC, Pembroke, Malta

29 September 2012, Denmark 12-74 Malta, Gentofte Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark

8 June 2012, Malta 24-12 Denmark, Victor Tedesco Stadium, Ħamrun, Malta

2 September 2011, Malta 64-24 Norway, Melita FC, Pembroke, Malta

23 July 2011, Germany 36-12 Malta, Hochspeyer, Kaiserslautern, Germany

17 October 2010, Malta 0-62 Lancashire Amateurs, Victor Tedesco Stadium, Ħamrun, Malta

4 June 2010, Malta 30-20 Norway, Victor Tedesco Stadium, Ħamrun, Malta

25 January 2007, Japan 0-82 Malta, Coff's Harbour, Australia

Honours
Emerging Nations: Winners (1): 2018

European C Championship: Winners (1): 2010

Medieval Shield: Winners (1): 2022

title: Malta national rugby league team


text:
La Révolution surréaliste

La Révolution surréaliste (English: The Surrealist Revolution) was a publication by the Surrealists in Paris. Twelve issues were published between 1924 and 1929.

Shortly after releasing the first Surrealist Manifesto, André Breton published the inaugural issue of La Révolution surréaliste on December 1, 1924.

Pierre Naville and Benjamin Péret were the initial directors of the publication and modeled the format of the journal on the conservative scientific review La Nature. The format was deceiving, and to the Surrealists' delight, La Révolution surréaliste was consistently scandalous and revolutionary. The journal focused on writing with most pages densely packed with columns of text, but also included reproductions of art, among them works by Giorgio de Chirico, Max Ernst, André Masson and Man Ray.

Selected issues
Issue 1 (December 1924): The cover of the initial issue announced the revolutionary agenda of La Révolution surréaliste with, "It is necessary to start work on a new declaration of the rights of man." In a mock scientific fashion the journal explored issues related to the darker sides of the human psyche with articles focused on violence, death and suicide. Detached descriptions of violent crime taken from police reports, and an impartial survey on suicide were included. One spread featured Germaine Berton, recently acquitted of murder, surrounded by male surrealists.

Issue 3 (15 April 1925): The third issues was overseen by writer and actor Antonin Artaud. :60 The cover of the third issue announced, "End of the Christian Era." Inside articles convey a blasphemous and anticlerical tone. Artaud wrote an open letter, "Address to the Pope," that expressed the revolt against what Surrealists saw as oppressive religious values: "The world is the soul's abyss, warped Pope, Pope foreign to the soul. Let us swim in our own bodies, leave our souls within our souls; we have no need of your knife-blade of enlightenment."Such anticlerical remarks are found throughout and reflect the group's relentless campaign against oppression and bourgeois morality.

Issue 4: Breton announced in the fourth issue that he was taking over the publication. His concern about disruptive factions that had developed in the Surrealist group brought him to assert his power and restate the Surrealist principles as he conceived them.

Thereafter, each issue became more political with articles and declarations that have a Communist slant.

Issue 8 (December 1926): The growing fascination with sexual perversion is revealed in an article by Paul Éluard which celebrates the writings of the Marquis de Sade, who was imprisoned for much of his life because of his deviant writings about sexual cruelty. According to Éluard, the Marquis "wished to give back to civilized man the strength of his primitive instincts." Writing and imagery, influenced by de Sade, by Breton, Man Ray, and Salvador Dalí was also included.

Issues 9 and 10 (October 1927): Introduce Exquisite corpse (Le Cadavre exquis)—a game the Surrealists enjoyed that involves folding a sheet of paper so that several people contribute to the drawing of a figure or writing text without seeing the preceding portions. The issue includes some exquisite corpse results.

Issue 11 : The interest in sex continues in the eleventh issue with "Research into Sexuality," an account of a debate that took place in January 1928. In the frank discussion, more than a dozen Surrealists openly expressed their opinions on sexual matters, including a variety of perversions.

Issue 12 (December 1929): Contains Breton's Second Surrealist Manifesto. The declaration marks the end of the group's most cohesive and focused years, and signals the start of disagreements within the group. Breton celebrated his faithful supporters, and denounced those who had defected and betrayed his doctrine. Also contains the full script of Un Chien Andalou with Luis Buñuel's preface.

After La Révolution surréaliste
Some of the dissidents voiced their views in the periodical Documents beginning in April 1929. Writings by ethnographers, archaeologists, and art historians, and poets Georges Bataille and Michel Leiris emerged as the main contributors. Some of the Documents contributors went later formed another group, Acéphale.

Breton's successor to La Révolution surréaliste was a more politically engaged publication, Le Surrealisme au service de la revolution (Surrealism in the service of the revolution), which appeared sporadically between 1930 and 1933.

In 1933, publisher Albert Skira contacted Breton about a new journal, which he planned to be the most luxurious art and literary review the Surrealists had seen, featuring a slick format with many color illustrations. Skira's restriction was that Breton was not allowed to use the magazine to express his social and political views. Later that year Minotaure began publication, and continued publication until 1939.

title: La Révolution surréaliste


text:
Bank of the James Stadium

Bank of the James Stadium, formerly Calvin Falwell Field at City Stadium and originally named "City Stadium", is a ballpark located in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States, and the current home of the minor league Lynchburg Hillcats team.

The baseball stadium was built in conjunction with an adjacent 6,000-person football stadium known modern day as "City Stadium". The New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers played in the inaugural game at City Stadium (the baseball portion) on April 11, 1940, in front of an estimated crowd of 7,000. The following professional baseball teams have all fielded affiliates of their parent club in Lynchburg: the Washington Senators, St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago White Sox, Minnesota Twins, Texas Rangers, New York Mets, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, and Atlanta Braves. The stadium is currently home to the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Carolina League, and is one of the oldest active ballparks in Minor League Baseball. The Hillcats have been an affiliate of the Cleveland Guardians since 2015. From 2010 to 2014 they were affiliated with the Atlanta Braves. In 2005, the Hillcats set an attendance record with a total of 151,266 fans passing through the gates.

Name
City Stadium opened in 1940. It was renovated and the field was renamed Calvin Falwell Field at City Stadium in 2004. In March 2020, the name was changed to Bank of the James Stadium when the city entered into a six-year naming rights deal worth $50,000 annually with Bank of the James, proceeds to be equally split between the city and the team.

Renovations
The stadium has had many major renovations since its inception in 1939. The first major renovation occurred in 1978. The renovation included reconstructing the outfield fence, grandstand roof, grandstand screen and adding new lights. In 1981, a clubhouse was added to accommodate both the football and baseball stadiums. In 2002 plans began for a $6.5 million renovation to Lynchburg City Stadium. The renovation included a complete renovation of the concourse with the addition of seat back chairs, and two picnic areas. The renovation also included the addition of two new concession stands, eight luxury boxes, a new press box, arcade room, spacious bathrooms and a state-of-the-art scoreboard. Prior to the 2005 season, six new luxury boxes were added in addition to a video board in right field. In August 2004, the field was dedicated to Calvin F. Falwell, President of the Lynchburg Baseball Corporation since its inception in 1966.

title: Bank of the James Stadium


text: Category:Regional rail in Denmark

title: Category:Regional rail in Denmark


text:
Mansoor Ijaz

Mansoor Ijaz (born August 1961) is a Pakistani-American venture financier and hedge-fund manager. He is founder and chairman of Crescent Investment Management Ltd, a New York and London-based investment firm that operates CARAT, a proprietary trading system developed by Ijaz in the late 1980s. His venture investments included unsuccessful efforts in 2013 to acquire a stake in Lotus F1, a Formula One team. In the 1990s, Ijaz and his companies were contributors to Democratic Party institutions as well as the presidential candidacies of Bill Clinton.

During the first Clinton term, when the U.S. had severed official ties with Sudan, Ijaz opened informal communications links between Washington and Khartoum in an effort to gain access to Sudanese intelligence data on Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda, who were then operating from Sudan. Ijaz was involved in efforts to broker a ceasefire in Kashmir in 2000–2001, and in the Memogate controversy, in which former Pakistani envoy Husain Haqqani allegedly used him to deliver a memorandum to senior U.S. officials in order to thwart an attempted coup by the Pakistani military after bin Laden was killed.

Personal life
Mansoor Ijaz was born in Tallahassee, Florida, and grew up on a farm in Montgomery County, Virginia. He has two brothers (Atif and Mujeeb) and a sister (Neelam Ijaz-Ahmad). His brother Farouk died in 2012.

His father, Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz (June 12, 1937— July 9, 1992), was a Pakistani experimental physicist and professor of physics at Virginia Tech who was noted for his early role in the development of Pakistan's nuclear energy program and his discovery of numerous isotopes while working at Oak Ridge National Laboratories. His mother, Lubna Razia Ijaz, was a solar physicist who worked with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization to develop renewable energy programs in Pakistan.

Ijaz received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Virginia in 1983 and a master's degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985, where he was trained as a neural sciences engineer in the Harvard-MIT Medical Engineering Medical Physics Program (M.E.M.P.).

While attending the University of Virginia, Ijaz earned All-American status as a powerlifter in March 1982 with a combined lift total (squat, bench press and deadlift) of 960 lbs at the National Collegiate Powerlifting Championships held at Marshall University. Coached by John Gamble, he competed in the 56 kg class. Later that year, he competed at the U.S. National Powerlifting Championships in the 52 kg class and finished third. Ijaz was Virginia State Champion in the 52 kg and 56 kg classes and set more than 25 Virginia State powerlifting records during three years in the sport.

Wall Street career
Mansoor Ijaz began his career on Wall Street in 1986, joining Van Eck Associates Corporation as a technology analyst. In 1990, Ijaz left Van Eck to start Crescent Investment Management LLC, where he developed a trading system, Computer-Aided Regression Analysis Techniques, to manage his first hedge fund. His mentor at Van Eck, Klaus Buescher, joined Crescent as president in 1991, and they together managed the company until Buescher's death in June 1997. Since that time, Ijaz has remained active as Crescent's owner, operating it as a quantitative investment adviser and venture investing firm.

In the early 2000s, Crescent transitioned from a traditional hedge-fund management firm to a focus on venture investments, initially in homeland security technologies after the September 11 attacks. Ijaz formed and listed Crescent Technology Ventures PLC on London's AIM Stock Exchange to raise venture capital for his projects, but changes in AIM Rules for small-cap investment companies forced the start-up to de-list a year later. In the 2000s, Ijaz also launched an effort to finance and build what would have been the world's first underwater hotel, Hydropolis. Construction of this Dubai resort was projected to cost US$500 million in 2007, but was shelved by local authorities after the financial crisis of 2008. Crescent Hydropolis Holdings LLC continues operations today under private ownership.

Crescent's venture investments included a bid together with its Abu Dhabi affiliate, Al Manhal International Group LLC, to acquire a stake in Formula One team Lotus F1. Quantum Motorsports Limited, a partnership between Crescent and Al Manhal, announced its intention to acquire 35% of Lotus F1 in June 2013. After several delays related to financing the deal, it did not take place.

Media commentator
Ijaz has also served as a media commentator and has written numerous opinion pieces for internationally known publications including The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times in the United States and the Financial Times in the United Kingdom. On television, he has served as a guest commentator for U.S. networks CNN, ABC, and Fox News, as well as for the BBC in the United Kingdom. Hired as a Fox News contributor in late 2001, Ijaz appeared as a counterterrorism and foreign affairs analyst on various network programming. By 2007, his appearances on Fox were no longer exclusive to the network. He continued to appear periodically for various networks in Pakistan, India and the U.S. into early 2012 as Pakistan's Supreme Court-appointed Judicial Commission began the Memogate inquiry.

Political life
Through his opinion pieces and political fundraising, Ijaz has advocated for the integration of Muslims into the American political mainstream. He raised significant amounts for various Democratic Party causes during the 1990s when President Clinton had paved the way for minority communities to become more active in U.S. politics, encouraging fellow Pakistani and Muslim Americans to join his fundraising efforts along the way. In 1996, Ijaz raised or contributed more than $525,000 for the Clinton-Gore re-election campaign, bringing Ijaz into close proximity with Clinton, Vice President Al Gore, Hillary Clinton as well as other Clinton administration national security officials with whom he would later engage on Sudan, Kashmir and Pakistan's nuclear program.

Ijaz also used his fundraising results to advance his causes in Congress, appearing as an expert witness in front of committees in the Senate on extremist threats faced by the United States and in the House of Representatives to advocate for Washington to adopt a policy of "constructive engagement" with rogue Muslim countries affected by U.S. sanctions. As Ijaz' prominence in Democratic Party circles increased, allegations of conflicts with his business interests also surfaced, although they were never proven. In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Ijaz had a public falling out with senior Clinton-era officials, including the former president, Sandy Berger and Susan Rice, over what he deemed were failures in their counterterrorism policies during Clinton's two terms in office. In 2007, Nevada Republicans approached Ijaz to run against Sen. Harry Reid, in a bid to unseat the Senate Majority Leader, but Ijaz declined.

Ijaz was a member of the board of directors of the Atlantic Council from 2007 until 2009, and he is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations,

Philanthropic activities
Away from Crescent's daily affairs and former political and media engagements, Ijaz has served on the College Foundation Board of Trustees at the University of Virginia, and he serves on the advisory board of the Rebuilding Afghanistan Foundation. RAF raises funds for building education infrastructure and programs in Afghanistan, including the construction of schools such as Mayar Elementary School, which enrolled 400 boys and girls from Maidan Wardak Province upon opening in late 2005. During the mid-1990s, Ijaz supported Developments in Literacy, an initiative to build and operate elementary schools in rural Pakistan as alternatives to the religious schools in which many Pakistani children were being radicalized. The group did not seek to create a secularized school system; its goal was to teach the Qur'an as one of many subjects rather than as the only subject. Ijaz and his wife Valérie also serve as goodwill ambassadors for a British charity, Children of Peace, that works to reconcile differences between Palestinian and Israeli youth. In late 2011, while addressing the World Peace Festival, a peace conference held in Berlin, Ijaz announced an intention to donate 1% of his net worth to create a Humanitarian Relief Fund that would make an effort to alleviate the root causes of poverty. In noting his belief that governments have often failed to provide assistance to the poor in sufficient ways over the long term, Ijaz sought similar pledges for the proposed fund from other philanthropists.

Negotiations with Sudan
Mansoor Ijaz was involved in unofficial negotiations between the U.S. and Sudanese governments in 1996 and 1997 to obtain access to Sudan's intelligence files on Osama bin Laden and the early remnants of Al-Qaeda's network there after efforts to extradite bin Laden to the U.S. failed in early 1996. In the same year, the United States Congress imposed sanctions against Khartoum over allegations of harboring and abetting terrorist cells on its soil. In early 1996, CIA and State Department officials held secret meetings near Washington, D.C., with Sudan's then-defense minister, El Fatih Erwa. In May 1996, bin Laden left Sudan for Afghanistan under pressure from the United States when the meetings failed to reconcile U.S. demands made of Khartoum about its record in aiding, abetting and harboring known terrorist groups and individuals.

Ijaz first met Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir and other Sudanese leaders in August 1996 and reported his findings back to U.S. government officials, including Lee Hamilton, ranking member of the House Committee on International Relations at the time, and Sandy Berger, then Clinton's deputy national security adviser, and Susan Rice, then director for African Affairs at the National Security Council. Initially, Khartoum sought U.S. sanctions relief, particularly for its growing oil sector, in return for access to its intelligence data on Al Qaeda's nascent network and bin Laden's activities there. However, the sanctions continued until U.S. officials exempted some in unrelated policy decisions that benefited U.S. oil companies. Ijaz then argued that Washington should adopt a policy of "constructive engagement" with Khartoum vis-a-vis economic development and political reconciliation in return for Sudanese counterterrorism cooperation.

In April 1997, Omar al-Bashir sent a letter to Hamilton, hand-carried by Ijaz from Khartoum to Washington, D.C., in which Sudan made an unconditional offer of counterterrorism assistance to the FBI and other U.S. intelligence agencies. Madeleine Albright, then newly appointed secretary of state, decided to test the Sudanese government's moderating public stance, and on September 28, 1997, she announced that certain U.S. diplomats would return to Khartoum to pursue, among other objectives, obtaining Sudan's counterterrorism data. According to former U.S. Ambassador to Sudan Tim Carney and Ijaz, Susan Rice, then newly appointed as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, and counterterrorism czar Richard Clarke persuaded Berger to overrule Albright's overture to Khartoum. In early October 1997, the State Department abruptly reversed its diplomatic entendre and proceeded in early November to announce new, more comprehensive trade, economic, and financial sector sanctions against the Sudanese regime. Ijaz ended his efforts to reconcile U.S.–Sudan relations over counterterrorism issues in the summer of 1998 after the FBI declined Sudanese intelligence chief Gutbi Al-Mahdi's final unconditional offer of counterterrorism cooperation.

Capturing bin Laden had been an objective of the U.S. government from the presidency of Bill Clinton until his death in 2011. Ijaz asserted that in 1996, prior to bin Laden's expulsion from Sudan, the Sudanese government allegedly offered to arrest and extradite him to the United States. Khartoum's offer included detailed intelligence about the growing militancy of Hezbollah, Hamas, Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood and Iran's Revolutionary Guard, among other groups operating in the region. Ijaz further asserted that U.S. authorities allegedly rejected each offer despite knowing of bin Laden's involvement in training terrorists in Somalia, some of whom were allegedly involved in supporting militia members that downed U.S. Black Hawk helicopters in Mogadishu in October 1993. Any evidence of bin Laden's involvement in criminal activity against U.S. interests, such as training militia members who attacked U.S. troops in 1993, could have been grounds for indicting him far before Sudan expelled the Saudi fugitive in May 1996.

However, the 9/11 Commission found that although "former Sudanese officials claim that Sudan offered to expel bin Laden to the United States", "... we have not found any reliable evidence to support the Sudanese claim." Amb. Carney reportedly had instructions only to press the Sudanese to expel bin Laden because the U.S. government had no legal basis (i.e., no indictment outstanding) to ask the Sudanese for further action. In August 1998, two years after the warnings, the U.S. launched cruise missile strikes against Khartoum in retaliation for the East Africa embassy bombings.

Ceasefire negotiations in Kashmir
In 2000 and 2001, Ijaz was involved in efforts to broker a ceasefire in Kashmir, the cause of multiple wars between India and Pakistan since independence. He held a series of meetings with senior Indian and Pakistani government officials as well as senior Kashmiri leaders in both Indian and Pakistani-held Kashmir from November 1999 until January 2001, traveling to India secretly on out-of-passport visas. Following months of clandestine negotiations between militant Kashmiri commander Abdul Majid Dar and A. S. Dulat, then-chief of India's intelligence directorate, Dar declared a unilateral ceasefire in the Himalayan enclave on July 25, 2000. The initial ceasefire was aborted by a hard-line militant faction within Dar's Hizbul Mujahideen, widely believed to have been supported by Pakistani intelligence. In order to gain Pakistani support for India's peace efforts in Kashmir, Ijaz met Gen. Pervez Musharraf in Islamabad in May 2000. Musharraf reluctantly agreed to back the ceasefire plan despite opposition from hardliners in the ranks of Pakistan's armed forces and intelligence services.

Ijaz carried Musharraf's message to senior Indian officials, including India's then-deputy intelligence chief, C. D. Sahay. Sahay and Ijaz worked together to develop a comprehensive blueprint for participation of a wider cross-section of Kashmiri resistance groups, particularly militant groups operating from Pakistan-held Kashmir. In late summer 2000, Ijaz traveled to Muzaffarabad to negotiate with Hizbul Mujahideen commander Syed Salahuddin. That meeting resulted in Salahuddin issuing a letter to President Clinton, hand-carried to the White House by Ijaz, in which the Kashmiri leader requested Clinton's support for Salahuddin's further steps in Kashmiri ceasefire negotiations.

The plan drafted by Sahay and Ijaz reportedly became the basis of a decision by India's prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, to announce a unilateral ceasefire in Indian-held Kashmir in November 2000. To broaden support for the plan, Ijaz met with senior Indian government officials in New Delhi and leaders of Kashmiri resistance groups in Srinagar. He would later bring the two sides together for face-to-face negotiations. But Ijaz's efforts to build permanent peace ended in early 2001 when he shared his plans with Indian home minister L. K. Advani to bring Pakistan's Islamic groups on board in support of wider Indo-Pakistani peace. A resulting peace summit between India and Pakistan, held in Agra in June 2001, sought to forge an agreement on a permanent resolution to the Kashmir conflict, but Musharraf and Vajpayee ultimately failed to persuade their hardliners to allow signing of an accord.

Memogate
Mansoor Ijaz was one of the key protagonists in Pakistan's Memogate controversy. On October 10, 2011, Ijaz published an opinion piece about the interference of Pakistan's intelligence services in the function of its democratic institutions. In the opinion's prelude, Ijaz disclosed the existence of a memorandum that he had allegedly been asked to deliver to Admiral Mike Mullen, then-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on behalf of a senior Pakistani diplomat, later identified as Pakistani envoy Husain Haqqani, in the days following the Abbottabad raid. The memorandum sought the Obama administration's help to avert a military takeover of Pakistan's civilian government in the immediate aftermath of Osama bin Laden's death. It was delivered to Mullen at Ijaz's request by former U.S. national security adviser General James L. Jones.

Then-leader of the opposition, Nawaz Sharif (who would later become Pakistan's prime minister), lodged a petition with the Supreme Court of Pakistan to investigate the origins, credibility and purpose of the memorandum. His and other petitions lodged with the Supreme Court alleged that the memorandum had been drafted by Haqqani at the behest of Pakistan's then-president, Asif Ali Zardari, and delivered without knowledge of the country's powerful armed forces and intelligence services. On December 30, 2011, after reviewing Sharif's petition, the Supreme Court constituted a Judicial Commission to conduct a broad inquiry. Ijaz was among the key witnesses deposed, as were Pakistan's intelligence chief, Ahmad Shuja Pasha and Haqqani. Pakistan's army chief Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani submitted written testimony to the Supreme Court, as did then-Prime Minister Yousef Raza Gilani on behalf of the Zardari government.

After nearly six months of investigations, the Judicial Commission reported its findings on June 12, 2012. It found that the memorandum was authentic and that Haqqani was its "originator and architect". The report said the former ambassador "orchestrated the possibility of an imminent coup to both persuade Mr. Ijaz to convey the message and also to give it (Memorandum) traction and credibility". The justices found further that one of Haqqani's purposes was to head a new national security team in Pakistan. In an unexpected turn of the investigation, a secret fund was discovered in Pakistan's Washington embassy that Haqqani allegedly had access to and had allegedly utilized, in "apparent violation of Article 84 of the Constitution of Pakistan". The commission's report exonerated President Zardari from any prior knowledge of the memorandum, although it noted that in the "considered view" of the justices, Haqqani had led Ijaz to believe the memorandum had the Pakistani president's approval. Following testimony by Ijaz, the commission deemed him a reliable witness whose credibility Haqqani had unsuccessfully sought to undermine.

The Supreme Court, upon hearing the commission's report in session, ordered Haqqani to appear before the bench. The former envoy, however, continued to reject the commission's findings while maintaining his innocence. As of July 2014, he remained in the United States.

title: Mansoor Ijaz


text:
Third Avenue Bridge

The following bridges are named the Third Avenue Bridge:
 * Third Avenue Bridge (New York City)
 * Third Avenue Bridge (Minneapolis)
 * Third Avenue Bridge (Fort Lauderdale)

title: Third Avenue Bridge


text:
Elvaston

Elvaston may refer to
 * Elvaston, Derbyshire in England
 * Elvaston, Illinois in the USA

title: Elvaston


text:
User:Tescomarc

Hello

title: User:Tescomarc