text:
User talk:BoonDock

Apparent COI
Hello, BoonDock. We welcome your contributions, but if you have an external relationship with the people, places or things you have written about on the page Pro Patria Medal (South Africa), you may have a conflict of interest (COI). Editors with a conflict of interest may be unduly influenced by their connection to the topic. See the conflict of interest guideline and FAQ for organizations for more information. We ask that you:

 * avoid editing or creating articles about yourself, your family, friends, colleagues, company, organization, clients, or competitors;
 * propose changes on the talk pages of affected articles (you can use the request edit template);
 * disclose your conflict of interest when discussing affected articles (see Conflict of interest);
 * avoid linking to your organization's website in other articles (see Spam);
 * do your best to comply with Wikipedia's content policies.

In addition, you are required by the Wikimedia Foundation's terms of use to disclose your employer, client, and affiliation with respect to any contribution which forms all or part of work for which you receive, or expect to receive, compensation. See Paid-contribution disclosure.

Also, editing for the purpose of advertising, publicising, or promoting anyone or anything is not permitted. Thank you. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 15:01, 19 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Sure. I served for 35 years in the SADF/SANDF. No longer affiliated in any way to them. BoonDock (talk) 15:15, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Your talk page suggests that you were awarded this medal, if thats just LARPING on the internet carry on but you shouldn't be editing articles about medals and awards you hold. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 15:27, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm trying to understand this. Are you telling me that NO medal page should be edited by any veteran who has been awarded the medal? No Military unit page should be edited by any veteran who has served in the unit? Just curious? BoonDock (talk) 15:29, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes and yes, thought that would be obvious (those are significant external relationships). If you have changes please propose them on the talk page. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 15:32, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * No, that's not obvious at all. Simply because I am a recipient of the medal, doesn't give me a conflict of interest, what it gives me is the ability to judge whether the information is accurate because I understand the sources. I'm curious about this, and how it applies further. I'll think about it a bit and then get back to you. BoonDock (talk) 15:34, 19 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, that is an external relationship between yourself and a thing (in this case a medal). The argument you make about your COI giving you the ability to judge whether the information is accurate because you understand the sources is an old one and is one the community has rejected. While those with COI might indeed better understand the topic on balance its best for the project if they restrict their edits to the talk page. Remember that the outcome of such a position would be that the most qualified person to write a biography would be the subject of that biography and the most qualified to write about a company would be the PR person of that company, but the community has actually decided the opposite. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 15:41, 19 April 2023 (UTC)

April 2023
Hello, I'm Dormskirk. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at referencing for beginners. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Dormskirk (talk) 07:47, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Interesting. You reverted a change claiming it is "unsourced". Does that mean that the fact that it is a summary of the extremely well resourced information in the rest of the article doesn't count? No problem, I'll reinstate but duplicate the sourcing that already exists. BoonDock (talk) 18:18, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

South Korean Order of Military Merit
Hello, I'm Footwiks, firstly thanks for your polishing on Order of Military Merit (South Korea).

In the near future, I want to create below categories or
 * Category:Recipients of the Taegeuk Order of Military Merit
 * Category:Recipients of the Eulji Order of Military Merit
 * Category:Recipients of the Order of Taegeuk Military Merit
 * Category:Recipients of the Order of Eulji Military Merit

But I'm not sure the official name.

So I sent the e-mail to the South Korean Government Office to enquire about the official name

I'm waiting for reply.

I have questions.

(1) You are an English native speaker. Which is a idiomatic English term?
 * Taegeuk Order of Military Merit
 * Order of Taegeuk Military Merit

(2) I found a South African recipient of the Chungmu Order of Military Merit during Korean War.

Service: Air Force / Awarded Date: 1 July 1952.

But I know only Korean name: 배뢰 A. A. 워겔, roughly pronunciation: Bærøe A. A. Wargel

If you have spare time, Can you find his own English name?

Anyway, Thanks in advance.

I'm South Korean, If you have any questions about South Korean Military or Korean War.

Please feel free to contact me.

Best Regards,

Footwiks (talk) 09:24, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi,
 * Yes I have seen your extensive changes to the page. Thank you for that.
 * I think that the idiomatic term would be "Order of Military Merit - Taegeuk", but I'm flexible.
 * I will see what I can find, but the only SA recipient I know of is the one already in the list. BoonDock (talk) 00:23, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

Question
Hi,

Can you check out this article: Student Volunteer Forces?

Which is a idiomatic English title?

Student Volunteer Troop or Student Volunteer Troops or Student Volunteer Force or Student Volunteer Forces

Thanks. Footwiks (talk) 19:22, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi,
 * I have done a bunch of fixes on that article. You might want to check and see if you are happy with them. Some are Grammar, some rewording. I've added some stuff in (like a quote from one of the sources, and converted the casualty count to a table. I have also gone through and (up to a point) checked each reference, making sure the title was correct (mostly thee original Korean) and then providing the translated title in the "trans-title" parameter. The translations are from ChatGPT which is normally pretty good, but even then I've modified some of them to make more sense in English. For example, most of the translations use "6.25" which is sort of meaningless, so I have changed it to "25 June" where appropriate. Please take a look through and see if I have made any changes which don't make sense. BoonDock (talk) 13:45, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I just wanted to hear your opinion about title of article, But I really thanks for your extensive polishig
 * 'Korean War', We call it "6.25 전쟁" or "한국 전쟁" in Korean. I prefer "한국 전쟁"
 * What is the difference between Force and Forces.
 * I can't understand subtle distinction.
 * Footwiks (talk) Footwiks (talk) 19:45, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I just wanted to hear your opinion about title of article, But I really thanks for your extensive polishig
 * Absolute pleasure. Glad to help.
 * 'Korean War', We call it "6.25 전쟁" or "한국 전쟁" in Korean. I prefer "한국 전쟁"
 * I cannot tell the difference to be honest. Just that in some of the articles "6.25" was translated as the "25th June". That could be incorrect, and it could have meant just "Korean War". Please check the references, there you will find the original title in Korean in the  field and the English translation in the   field. The translations might be incorrect and need to be fixed.
 * What is the difference between Force and Forces. I can't understand subtle distinction.
 * One is singular, the other plural. Force is one force. Forces is more than one Force. If you say "He fought with the Japanese Force." It means that there was one Japanese Force and he fought with it. If you say "He fought with the Japanese Forces" that is many. He could have been in any one of many forces that Japan had. Does that make sense?
 * BoonDock (talk) 20:44, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I mean, I can't understand subtle distinction in the title of Wikipedia article.
 * For example, current article title - Special forces.
 * Is Article title - Special force a bit unusual?
 * Footwiks (talk) 02:14, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * In reply to your original question: Student Volunteer Force BoonDock (talk) 20:48, 8 May 2023 (UTC)
 * There are many organization of Student Volunteer Force.
 * For example, Student Volunteer Force of Koreans In Seoul, Student Volunteer Force of Koreans In Incheon, Student Volunteer Force of Koreans In Japan and so on.
 * Therefore, I selected Student Volunteer Forces not Student Volunteer Force in the title.
 * Is there no need to. ? Footwiks (talk) 02:24, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Forces is correct. BoonDock (talk) 14:17, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your advice, I moved the title.Footwiks (talk) Footwiks (talk) 14:58, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Please take a look at Reference 17 ( "국민군대의 전통을 만든 6.25 학도의용군"). I don't think the translation of the title is correct. BoonDock (talk) 15:01, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * 6.25 means 6.25 War = Korean War.
 * In the context, 국민군대 means Army or Forces or Troops which nation / citizen or ordinary people / general public take part in. (I can't choose perfect English term about 국민군대.)
 * I think below translation is nearest to the original meaning.
 * Student Volunteer Forces in the Korean War which created the tradition of the Army which ordinary people take part in. Footwiks (talk) 02:50, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I misunderstood your reply. Force is correct so I moved the title - Student Volunteer Force.
 * But I guess I made a mistake so moved the title again - Student Volunteer Forces
 * Finally, Let's check out the title of article, Student Volunteer Force or Student Volunteer Forces?
 * Which is a idiomatic English title?Footwiks (talk) 03:01, 11 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I think just stop changing it and leave it alone for a while. Make sure that there is a redirect from the one to the other then it doesn't really matter. BoonDock (talk) 12:27, 11 May 2023 (UTC)

Module:MilAward/data
Please stop undoing AnomieBOT's edit to Module:MilAward/data. Thanks! Anomie⚔ 14:12, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

 * LOL. Sorry. Hadn't noticed the edit which I is why I was inadvertently overwriting it each time. Fixed now. BoonDock (talk) 14:17, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

Discussion
If you have spare time, Can you participate in below discussion?

Spartan_3000 Discussion

Some user don't believe South Korean reliable sources and it has raised a dispute.

Anyway, Thanks Footwiks (talk) 06:24, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

CS1 error on Adunni Ade
Hello, I'm Qwerfjkl (bot). I have automatically detected that this edit performed by you, on the page Adunni Ade, may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:Qwerfjkl/Botpreload&editintro=User:Qwerfjkl/boteditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:Qwerfjkl&preloadtitle=Qwerfjkl%20(bot)%20–%20Qwerfjkl_(bot)&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk) 15:54, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * A "bare URL and missing title" error. References show this error when they do not have a title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adunni_Ade&action=edit&minor=minor&summary=Fixing+reference+error+raised+by+%5B%5BUser%3AQwerfjkl%20(bot)%7CQwerfjkl%20(bot)%5D%5D Fix] | [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&action=edit&section=new&preload=User:Qwerfjkl%20(bot)/helpform&preloadtitle=Referencing%20errors%20on%20%5B%5BSpecial%3ADiff%2F1155089786%7CAdunni%20Ade%5D%5D Ask for help])

Nomination for deletion of Template:Medal Display
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Nomination for deletion of Template:BattleHonour/ZAR
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Updating the data sub-page
Hi, for info, I just documented the need to update that page for certain CFDs, at WP:CFDAI. Hope that will not draw any unwanted attention. – Fayenatic  L ondon 14:37, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

 * So I see. Thank you. I hope so too ;-) BoonDock (talk) 14:39, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

Duplicate keys in Template:Post-nominals/ZAR
Hello BoonDock,

I have been investigating the operation of #switch and noticed that, given a list of keys (that may be duplicated) only the first one is picked. Given that this is how #switch works, it is pointless (and possibly confusing) having any duplicate key.

I have written a process that identifies duplicate keys in #switch statements

subpage /ZAR happens to have quite a few duplicates

CGH , DWD , CC, AFC , AFC* , AFC** , AFC1 , AFC2 , AFM , CB, CBh , CBE , CBEh , CC, CH , CM , DFC , DFC* , DFC** , DSC , DSC* , DSC** , DSC1 , DSC2 , DSM , DSO , DSO* , DSO** , DSO*** , DSO1 , DSO2 , DSO3 , ED, FRCOG , KBE , KC, MC , MC* , MC** , MC1 , MC2 , MVO , MVOh , OBE , OM, PC , RD , VD , CD , C.D. , GCStJ , KStJ , DStJ , CStJ , ChStJ , OStJ , SBStJ , SSStJ , EsqStJ , JP, MP , FRMS , FRS , CPM , ComIH , Com.I.H., CvIH , Cv.I.H., DmIH , Dm.I.H., GCIH , G.C.I.H., GColIH , G.Col.I.H., GOIH , G.O.I.H., MedOIH , Med.O.I.H., MedPIH , Med.P.I.H., OIH , O.I.H., MSM

Note that 'MP' has been identified as a duplicate

from the Template the two cases are

 * MP    = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]]

and further down the page

 * MP = [[Parliament of South Africa|MP]]

As this is a South African subpage, I would suspect that for {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|MP}} the result should be 'Parliament of South Africa'; however the result is 'Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)' (on hover over MP). Which kinda proves my point.

I may have been overzealous with the key removal. (Can you tell me which keys I should not have removed?)

By the way /GBR and /AUS also have duplicates Desb42 (talk) 15:55, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Ok, if you leave it alone, I'll go through and manually check for duplicates.
 * The GBR stuff in ZAR is there for a specific reason. I'll disambiguate it.
 * Thanks for your efforts. BoonDock (talk) 16:41, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The list you've given here is more about different versions than it is about duplicates. BoonDock (talk) 16:43, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

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Nomination for deletion of Module:SAHRA
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Ronald Reid-Daley
Perhaps I misunderstand why this was removed but the explanation given (NPOV) would appear to be unfounded given the coverage at Selous Scouts. Rather than addressing a POV issue you seem to have promoted a white supremacist POV, surely that is not what you intended to do? Horse Eye's Back (talk) 15:38, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Provide inline references. Criminal implies that he has been convicted of a crime. BoonDock (talk) 12:20, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * No it doesn't... The statement you edited is "Although the Selous Scouts achieved many of their military objectives, their unorthodox and often criminal methods created tensions within the military hierarchy." Surely you know that the Selous Scouts are famous for committing war crimes? Horse Eye's Back (talk) 12:54, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Famous? If they are "famous for committing war crimes" then you will have no problem substantiating that with reliable references, which is what Wikipedia expects. Until then, it's simply your opinion aka not a neutral point of view. BoonDock (talk) 16:37, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Selous Scouts appears to have significant substantiation with reliable references, not really understanding the pushback here. Nobody besides racists and apologists seems to dispute this. IMO this is as silly as someone questioning whether the other SS was famous for committing war crimes. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 05:18, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Module:AusAward
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Nomination for deletion of Template:SA Medal
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title: User talk:BoonDock


text:
User talk:ColdFusion650

Golden Idol
We don't remove entire contributions and editor's hard work because of your opinion. When an article has various meanings we create disambiguation pages. Thank you for your consideration. NathanielPoe (talk) 12:57, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

"copyrighted"
Hi, Coldfusion.

Throughout almost the entire world, works are protected by copyright as soon as created. There is no step of "copyrighting" something.

In the article I referenced, Copyright:

 * In all countries where the Berne Convention standards apply, copyright is automatic, and need not be obtained through official registration with any government office.

Prior to 1978, the U.S. was the only significant holdout to this. At that time, when you created a work, you still had to take actual steps to "copyright" it; generally either publishing the work with a copyright notice or registering it with the Copyright Office. That went away with the Copyright Act of 1976, which took effect in 1978 (hence my 30 years reference).

There is no longer any act that can be thought of as "copyrighting." One can register one's claim to copyright; but the copyright exists independent of that registration.

It remains correct to say that a studio owns a copyright in a film; but it's erroneous to say it "copyrights" or has "copyrighted" a film. Hence my edit. I concede my comment "'copyrighted' hasn't been a verb for over 30 years" was excessively snarky, but it's pretty much true: there is no longer any act under any significant country's laws -- certainly not the U.S., which is the country of origin for "Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull" -- where one "copyrights" something. TJRC (talk) 22:51, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

There is no act that you can call "copyrighting". It is at worst wrong and at best misleading. There's no question that "Lucasfilm owns the copyright" is correct. Let's stick with what's correct. TJRC (talk) 23:09, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Can you clarify this, please?
I generally agree with your edits to Indiana Jones...Crystal Skull, but can you explain this sentence from the plot summary:

The skeletons form into a single alien that allows the knowledge in Spalko's head to kill her.

How can knowledge kill you? An earlier version simply said the alien glared into Spalko's eyes, causing her to ignite and disintegrate. I saw the film yesterday, and that's exactly what happened. Did I miss something? Is knowledge deadly?

Thanks for your tune-ups to the entry. I'm washing my hands of this dreadful film until the hubbub dies down and every misguided fanboy/fangirl practices their novel-writing skills in the plot summary. Kinkyturnip (talk) 17:47, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

I believe this is contradictory
Thank you for responding to my query about too much knowledge = death. However, your reply contained contradictory statements. You wrote:

Basically, it's a fact that if you have too many neurons firing at once, you have a seizure and die....So if intelligence is proportional to the number of neurons firing at once (common in fiction even though it's actually the opposite, smart people have fewer neurons firing because their brains don't have to work as hard), too much intelligence can kill you.

I think I get the gist of what you were saying. But this film is for a general audience, not only sci-fi buffs, so it may be a stretch to assume the ordinary viewer understands a common science fiction device. (If it were a time machine, that would be different.) So perhaps framing the statement with an aside, such as your own "a common science fiction device", would make this more comprehensible. Dunno. You decide. I've had it with this braindead-on-arrival film. So have at it. Good luck. Kinkyturnip (talk) 22:17, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Crystal Skull
I changed the phrasing in the section about Sean Connery to "turned down an offer to reprise his role" because it's not self-evident that he played the character before. WesleyDodds (talk) 00:39, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

TTSCC
Hey ColdFusion, just wanted to say great work on keeping the Sarah Connor Chronicles article clear of fancruft and speculation. It would be an utter mess without you Think outside the box 20:07, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Made me laugh
Saw your post on the Indiana Jones...Crystal Skull talk page and laughed out loud. Needed some humor after suffering through guerrilla reverts and the "Crystal Skull Trivia Insertion Contest" ("the Russian colonel bends down to tie his shoe in the desert", "we briefly glimpse the Ark of the Covenant and its Pterodactyl wings," "the wind blows open the chapel doors and whisks Indy's hat down the aisle".) Ugh. Appreciate all your hard work. Kinkyturnip (talk) 00:06, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

why i bring up the hat thing
i tihnk it is an obvious forshadowing to lucas' plans to bring lebouf in as ford's replacement why do you keep removing it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.28.166.178 (talk) 02:41, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Jones Parody - "so?"
Fail to understand why live performance is unimportant to you, while an incidental appearance in a webcomic remains. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.249.61.164 (talk) 02:15, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Indiana Jones - more
Thanks for explaining the details about that other skeleton to that IP, as I couldn't recall it either. It's hard to keep track of all the details when you've only seen it once. He could have ponied up the bucks for a second visit to the theater, one would think. Meanwhile, I'm waiting for someone to make a connection between the Mayan pyramids and the 13 shining skeletons vs. the Freemason pyramid on the $ 1 bill and the 13 shining stars. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 00:16, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * After the preposterous stuff that went on in the first three films, I'm amused by critics who claim the fourth one is unrealistic. But since you bring up time travel, how about Indiana Jones and Curse of Marty McFly? Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 01:06, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I seriously got to wonder how people are so short-sighted to not see the info was already in the article. Anyway, thanks for chasing up that IP. Alientraveller (talk) 06:34, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * And yet Spielberg stated it's the same warehouse in Empire magazine. Just another historical inaccuracy in the series. Alientraveller (talk) 13:05, 30 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The same warehouse as in Raiders? That would stand to reason. I don't recall that it was given a name in that film, though, it was just a George Lucas joke at the end, where this priceless item was being stored in some warehouse, as if it were a case of Navy beans or something. At least it's good to know that it was stored in a (supposedly) secure Area (or Hangar) and not in some garage in D.C. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 13:15, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
Hi. Thanks for adding that source a few moments ago. Could you go over to the talk page there so we could dicuss this a bit further? Thanks. Gwynand | Talk•Contribs 13:19, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Indiana Jones and the Saucer Men from Mars
That article looks like a needless content fork. Everything in it could easily be covered (and maybe already is) in the main article. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 14:11, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * If it's a word-for-word copy, then it could be nominated for deletion on the grounds of redundancy. Some user(s) seem obsessed with this fact. It's like the fact that the original title of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi was Star Wars: Revenge of the Jedi. Big deal. There's only the one movie, no matter its title. It occurs to me that "Saucer Men from Mars" was probably a joke among the creators. Even if not, it was likely never going to be the real title, since it would give away too much of the plot. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 14:24, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Marshall College
Maybe that needs to be in the Indiana Jones franchise article. This morning I was just curious as to where it was filmed. There was definitely some Yale filming for this latest picture. I'm not so sure about the original, which seemed to consist of that one shot of a gothic spire, which I am not totally sure is actually from Yale. But I think that fact needs to be somewhere, as someone else might like to know. But I don't think a separate article is in order, because there's not enough material. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 14:14, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * However, there could be a summary of Indiana Jones locations. There would be a lot of material for that. Assuming someone hasn't already written that. It would also take some research. The starting point would be the general locations listed in the closing credits of each film. Then someone would have to track down sources that discuss the details. Obviously, a fair amount of the stuff is done on soundstages and in post-production. True location-shooting is what I'm talking about. As one example, the canyon where Indy threatened to bazooka the Ark in Raiders is the same canyon that R2-D2 walked through when he was attacked by the little hooded guys in Star Wars. That's well-documented, but such a detailed example can encourage and lead to endless minutia. It's a delicate balance. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 14:20, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Before getting that carried away, how about this for the Crystal Skull article section on production:

 * Marshall College, the fictional university where Indiana Jones teaches Archaeology, made "cameo" appearances in some of the previous films (also sometimes termed "Barnett College"). The school was used more extensively in this film, and location shooting was filmed at Yale University. The series producer's name was apparently the source of the fictitious school's name. ).

I say "apparently", because that's the way the sourced article words it. It's actually fairly obvious, given Lucas' tendency toward self-referencing. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 14:32, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

3RR
It looks like you've made over 3 reverts on Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull already. JT's edits are not simple vandalism. Please be more careful. N (t/c) 18:41, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Cameron Phillips
Hi. May I ask why you reverted my last revision to the article? The no erz (talk) 23:41, 9 June 2008 (UTC) " First appearing as a student attending the same high school as John Connor, she intervenes in an assassination attempt, revealing she had been sent by John's future self to be his bodyguard; she later assumes the identity of his sister." Secondly, I am confused as to why the length of the second paragraph from my edit was a matter of concern to you as the second paragraph in your revision is only a few words shorter. Furthermore, under my revision, the information in that second paragraph is more interrelated; there were three statements about 1) the character's name 2) Glau's casting and 3) her return for season two. Currently, that paragraph shifts points between 1) the character's name 2) her role in the series 3) character attributes and 4) her role on the show again. I am going to make another edit to the introduction, incorporating a few of your ideas and a few of mine.The no erz (talk) 00:19, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you for responding. If you read the article after making your revision, you might have noticed that there are some issues: firstly, the following sentence is too vague (we cannot assume readers have any knowledge of the plot), is written "in-universe' (please see Writing about fiction) and is redundant (the sentence before this concludes "...who first appeared in the pilot episode.").

Why did you remove my report? That detail was once incorporated into the script for Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, with the Terminator selecting Arnold Schwarzenegger's favorite Austrian chocolate wafer. When fans learned that a scene had shot where the Terminator ate chocolate, the reaction was overwhelmingly negative and the scene was omitted yet when they had Cameron doing the same thing, no reaction was made what gives? O_o. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shadowhawk27 (talk • contribs) (talk)
 * Yes i did read it, but that goes for all Terminator T-800 Series with real flesh over the the robotic skeleton. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shadowhawk27 (talk • contribs) (talk)
 * you want Proof!! here it is... The original treatment by James Cameron included the detail that the Terminator needed to eat periodically in order for his human flesh to survive. A scene is included where the Terminator eats a candy bar, wrapper and all. This detail was incorporated into the script for Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), with the Terminator selecting Arnold Schwarzenegger's favorite Austrian chocolate wafer. When fans learned that a scene had shot where the Terminator ate chocolate, the reaction was overwhelmingly negative and the scene was omitted. There's your proof... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shadowhawk27 (talk • contribs) (talk)
 * sorry i ment to say look here http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088247/trivia —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shadowhawk27 (talk • contribs) (talk)

Then you are an idiot for doubting James Cameron's own words that ncluded the detail that the Terminator needed to eat periodically in order for his human flesh to survive. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shadowhawk27 (talk • contribs) (talk)

oh yeah, believe what you want. You think you know everything about Terminator when in reality you don't know sqaut. Oh and you also won the award for being the biggest douche bag the world has ever know. (talk)

33th
It rhymes with "3th". Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 23:21, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
I am reverting your edits to Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. Per Talk:List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles episodes, all the episode articles, save for the two whose links I kept, have been deleted. If there are any comments you would like to make, the appropriate place to discuss them would be Talk:List of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles episodes. Misterdiscreet (talk) 14:52, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Did you see my suggestion on the talk page? I feel we should make the character list include all of them and merge Ellison and Cromarties to there. Alientraveller (talk) 23:00, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

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Tone
I think "PoV; lacks cites" might make for a less aggressive (and more informative) edit summary than "prove it." --Vaudedoc (talk) 19:14, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Posters
"As far as you know..." Yeh. The catch is, this guy Foofbun, or whatever, has taken it upon himself to add the artist's name to many movie posters in movie articles. As I see it, that info should only be on the picture page, unless maybe the artist is really, really famous, like if it were Dali or something. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 17:11, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Terminator 2 3D external link to ultimate T23D guide...
Hey ColdFusion650,

Can you please tell me why you removed the links to the Ultimate Guide to T23D at hopeofthefuture.net twice? http://www.hopeofthefuture.net/info/t23dinfo_index.html

Can you tell me why you decided to remove it? Because to me, it looks like a good addition to the T23D wiki page and I don't think you are the one and only who can decided what is posted and what is not...

Waiting for an answer. Maurice —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maurice2029 (talk • contribs) 14:39, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't have a clue how to properly react, because I don't see a respond button or whatever, so I created a new section. If you can tell me how to properly respond, please do, because Wiki's help is noy any useful to me.

 * Anyway, you posted:
 * "That site is a fan page and does not meet the notability requirement. Links to fan sites should be avoided. We can't just link to every fan site with the word "Ultimate" in it. ColdFusion650 (talk) 16:13, 3 September 2008 (UTC)"

 * If you don't link to fansites, why do you allow it to link to 2 other fansites (even 1 clearly says fansite):
 * Terminator 2: 3-D Battle Across Time at Orlando Rocks
 * Terminator 2: 3D Battle Across Time at theStudioTour.com - Universal Studios Hollywood fan site

 * That's a contradiction in my book. So allow no fansites at all or just allow fansites.

 * And again, are you some kind of admin of Wiki or so? Because you seem to make up the rules but you don't seem to stick to them yourself. So what's your role at this place? Maurice2029 (talk) 11:04, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Character concept
Thought I'd point out that the basic problem of blogs - even official ones, like the ones that you reverted back into the article here are not notable to include, as the comments regarding the specificity of the model numbers are not from notable individuals.I didn't want to undo your revert without discussing the matter with you first.I look forward to your reply, and will bookmark your page towards that end. - Arcayne   (cast a spell)  20:46, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I waited for a few days; withoyt response, I am reverting the addition of the blog as both nonspecific to the statement supposedly being cited as well as the basic fact that blogs are notoriously unreliable. - Arcayne   (cast a spell)  16:11, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

Whilst vs. while.
Hi, recently in an edit summary you asked if "whilst" is even a word. I'm not sure if you were joking, but it did pose an interesting question, to me at least. In any case I Googled and I found this. So, if you were actually wondering, it is quite interesting, if not, then please ignore this message. Hope I helped, or not as the case may be. --HELLØ   ŦHERE 00:49, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Far as I know it's a legitimate word, but hardly ever heard in America. Maybe in England. I would go so far as to say that anyone sitting in a bar who would say "whilst" had better watch his back. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 02:46, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Indiana Jones WikiProject Now Open!
I have finally created a WikiProject for Indiana Jones! Check it out. -- MISTER ALCOHOL  TC 21:23, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines
It is not your decision if information is important or not. Whoever added it, obviously thought it important enough. If you do not agree, you can always use the Talk page (Discussion tab above the article). Thanks for thaking this into account. Twerbrou (talk) 14:15, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Well tried with the link :D. What you could consider doing next time is posting on the talk page why you want to delete those additions, and only after some time really delete them. Give people time to react. Twerbrou (talk) 19:13, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Mentorship
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Casino Royale is the 21st film in the James Bond film series and the first to star Daniel Craig as MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Martin Campbell and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Paul Haggis. Casino Royale is set at the beginning of Bond's career as Agent 007, just as he is earning his license to kill. After preventing a terrorist attack at Miami International Airport, Bond falls for Vesper Lynd, the treasury agent assigned to provide the money he needs to bankrupt terrorist financier Le Chiffre by beating him in a high-stakes poker game. The story arc continues in the following Bond film, Quantum of Solace (2008). The film is a reboot, establishing a new timeline and narrative framework not meant to precede or succeed any previous Bond film. Casting the film involved a widespread search for a new actor to portray James Bond, and significant controversy around Craig when he was selected to succeed Pierce Brosnan. It is the third screen adaptation of Ian Fleming's 1953 novel of the same name. The film received largely positive critical response, with reviewers highlighting Craig's performance and the reinvention of the character of Bond. It earned over $594 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing James Bond film to date. (more...)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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User talk:Marcparis6

Unreferenced BLPs
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File:Sunkus Logo Derivation.jpg

Summary
Derivation of the Sunkus logo.

Originally from http://www.circleksunkus.jp/company/outline/images/logo_img02.jpg.

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File:Northsidegrizzly.jpg

Northside High School (mascot: Grizzlies) located in Fort Smith, Arkansas

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User talk:Don G.

Thanks!
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History of Chinese currency

The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period.

Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper money was invented in China in the 7th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.

Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.

Ancient currencies
The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system. The traditional characters for 'goods' (貨), 'buy/sell' (買/賣), and 'monger' (販), in addition to various other words relating to 'exchange', all contain the radical 貝, which is the pictograph for shell (simplified to 贝). The extent of the circulation of shell money is unknown, and barter trade may have been common. However, copies of cowry shells made out of bone, wood, stone, lead and copper were common enough to presume that they were used in trade.

The Chinese may have invented the first metal coins, coins found in Anyang date to before 900 BC. At that time, the coin itself was a mock of more earlier used cowry shells, so it was called the Bronze shell.

Bronzed shells were found in the ruins of Yin, the old capital of the Shang dynasty (1500–1046 BC). Bronze became the universal currency during the succeeding Zhou dynasty. During the Warring States period, from the 5th century BC to 221 BC, Chinese money was in the form of bronze objects that were of three main types. The Zhou, the Wei (魏), the Han (韓) and the Qin (秦) all used coins shaped like a spade (bu). The Qi (齊) used money in the shape of a knife (dao). The Zhao (趙) and the Yan (燕) used knife money before switching over to spade money roughly halfway through the Warring States period. The Chu (楚) used money in the forms of "ant nose" coins (yibi).

Unification
As part of the Unification of China, Qin Shi Huang (, 260 BC – 210 BC) introduced a uniform copper coin with the inscription "Ban Liang" based on the coins previously used by Qin. All other forms of local currency were abolished. The coins were round with a square hole in the middle which was the common design for most Chinese copper coins until the 20th century. Due to the low value of an individual coin, the Chinese have traditionally strung a nominal thousand copper coins onto a piece of string. Government taxes were levied on both coins and products such as rolls of silk. Salaries were paid in "stones" (石, dàn) of grain during the Qin and Han dynasties.

Tang
Tang merchants rapidly adopted forms of paper currency starting with promissory notes in Sichuan called "flying money" (feiqian). These proved so useful the state took over production of this form of paper money with the first state-backed printing in 1024. By the 12th century, various forms of paper money had become the dominant forms of currency in China and were known by a variety of names such as jiaozi, huizi, kuaizi, or guanzi.

Song
During the early Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋, 960–1279), China again reunited the currency system displacing coinages from ten or so independent states. Among pre-Song coins, the northern states tended to prefer copper coins. The southern states tended to use lead or iron coins with Sichuan with its own heavy iron coins which continued to circulate for a short period into the Song dynasty. By 1000 CE, unification (south of the Liao) was complete and China experienced a period of rapid economic growth. This was reflected in the growth of coining. In 1073—the peak year for minting coins in the Northern Song—the government produced an estimated six million strings containing a thousand copper coins each. The Northern Song is thought to have minted over two hundred million strings of coins which were often exported to Inner Asia, Japan, and South-East Asia, where they often formed the dominant form of coinage.

Yuan
The Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty (Chinese: 元, 1271–1368) also attempted to use paper currency. Unlike the Tang dynasty, they created a unified, national system that was not backed by silver or gold. The currency issued by the Yuan was the world's first fiat currency, known as Jiaochao. The Yuan government attempted to prohibit all transactions in or possession of silver or gold, which had to be turned over to the government. Inflation in 1260 caused the government to replace the existing paper currency with a new one in 1287, but inflation that resulted from undisciplined printing remained a problem for the Yuan court until the end of the Yuan dynasty.

Ming

The early Ming dynasty (, 1368–1644) also attempted to use paper currency in the early re-unification period. This currency also experienced rapid inflation and issues were suspended in 1450 although notes remained in circulation until 1573. It was only in the very last years of the Ming dynasty when Li Zicheng threatened Beijing in 1643 and 1645 that printing took place again. For most of the Ming China had a purely private system of currency for all important transactions. Silver, which flowed in from overseas, began to be used as a currency in the Far South province of Guangdong where it spread to the lower Yangtze region by 1423 when it became legal tender for payment of taxes. Provincial taxes had to be remitted to the capital in silver after 1465, salt producers had to pay in silver from 1475 and corvée exemptions had to be paid in silver from 1485. The Chinese demand for silver was met by traditional maritime silk road trade links, from either Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Guangzhou, or Macau, with Manila in the Philippines as part of the Spanish East Indies who traded Philippine peso (Spanish silver dollars) for chinaware and other trade goods, after the Spanish colonial empire became established at Manila in 1571. The Spanish silver dollar were minted and mined from the Spanish Americas, in particular Potosí in Peru and Mexico. The trade of Spanish silver dollars with chinaware and other trade goods flowed through the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade from the Philippines to Mexico and vice versa within the Spanish colonial empire. It circulated as minted Spanish dollars sometimes stamped with Chinese characters known as "chop marks" which indicated that they were verified by a merchant and determined to be genuine. Spanish silver also circulated as ingots (known as sycee or yuanbao) which weighed a nominal liang (about 36 grams) although purity and weight varied from region to region. The liang was often referred to by Europeans by the Malay term tael. The first Chinese yuan coins had the same specification as a Spanish dollar, leading to a continuing equivalence in some respects between the names "yuan" and "dollar" in the Chinese language.

Qing

Late Imperial China maintained both a silver and a copper currency system. The copper system was based on the copper cash (wen). The silver system had several units which by the Qing dynasty were: 1 tael = 10 mace = 100 candareens = 1000 lí (silver cash).

In 1889, the Chinese yuan was introduced at par with the Spanish dollar or Mexican peso or Philippine peso and was subdivided into 10 jiao (角, not given an English name, cf. dime), 100 fen (分, cents), and 1000 wen (文, cash). The yuan was equivalent to 7 mace and 2 candareens (or 0.72 tael) and, for a time, coins were marked as such in English.

The earliest issues were silver coins produced at the Kwangtung mint in denominations of 5 fen, 1, 2 and 5 jiao and 1 yuan. Other regional mints were opened in the 1890s producing similar coins. Copper coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 wen were also issued. The central government began issuing its own coins in the yuan currency system in 1903. Banknotes were issued in yuan denominations from the 1890s by several local and private banks, along with the "Imperial Bank of China" and the "Hu Pu Bank" (later the "Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank"), established by the imperial government.

Silver coins
The Republic of China was founded after the Xinhai Revolution toppled the Qing dynasty. The Nanjing-based Provisional Government of the Republic of China urgently needed to issue military currency for use in place of the previous Qing currency. Successively, each province declared independence from the Qing and issued their own military currency. In 1914, the National Currency Ordinance established the silver dollar as the national currency of the Republic of China. Although designs changed compared with imperial era coins, the sizes and metals used in the coinage remained mostly unchanged until the 1930s. The majority of regional mints closed during the 1920s and 1930s, although some continued until 1949. From 1936, the central government issued copper $1/undefined$, 1 and 2 fen coins, nickel (later cupronickel) 5, 10 and 20 fen and $1/undefined$ yuan coins. Aluminium 1 and 5 fen pieces were issued in 1940.

During most the Nanjing decade, China's currency was on the silver standard. It was necessary for the Nationalist government's expenses to be balanced by sales of government bonds, tax revenues, and other receipts.

The 1920s and 1930s saw the price of silver appreciate in the international market, increasing the purchasing power of the Chinese currency and leading to a massive efflux of silver out of China. It became evident to the Chinese government that it could not retain the Silver Standard without debt defaults increasing, and so chose to abandon it. The situation was exacerbated by the multitude of commercial, provincial and foreign banks issuing currencies all at different values.

Fabi
In 1935, the Nationalist government issued a new currency, the fabi, through the four major government controlled banks: the Bank of China, Central Bank of China, Bank of Communications, and the Agricultural Bank of China. H.H. Kung, the Nationalist government's Finance Minister, directed the creation of the fabi. This fiat currency replaced the silver standard.

No separate institution existed to control the money supply, and therefore the political leadership of the Nationalist government was free to dictate the money supply. When it came to military expenses, Chiang Kai-shek decided how much money he needed and ordered H.H. Kung to supply it.

The onset of World War II saw a sharp devaluation of the fabi currency. This was largely due to the unrestrained issuance of the currency to fund the war effort.

The Nationalist government sought to ensure that the fabi remained convertible into foreign currency and expended large amounts of foreign exchange in an effort to maintain the pre-war exchange rate. This approach became unviable and on March 13, 1938, the Nationalist government imposed strict foreign exchange controls. Foreign banks operating in China could evade most of these controls, however, and continued to move money out of the country.

By October 1938, the Nationalist government lost control of its economic center to the invading Japanese. Military expenditures remained high, but tax revenues plunged. Printing of the fabi sought to cover the difference.

After its 1941 declaration of war against the United States and the United Kingdom, Japan moved into the foreign-controlled areas of Shanghai that it had not previously occupied after its success in the Battle of Shanghai. It seized most of the banks in these areas of Shanghai and declared that fabi within Shanghai and occupied Tianjin had to be exchanged for bank notes of the Wang Jingwei regime. For most Chinese in these occupied areas, the exchange meant that their fabi lost half its value and a major blow to the economy of the lower Yangzi resulted.

Customs gold units
Customs gold units (關金圓, pinyin: guānjīnyuán) were issued by the Central Bank of China to facilitate payment of duties on imported goods. Unlike the national currency which suffered from hyperinflation, the CGUs were pegged to the U.S. dollar at 1 CGU = US$0.40.

The peg was removed in 1935 and the bank allowed CGUs to be released for general use. Already awash with excessive paper currency, the CGUs only added to rampant hyperinflation.

1945–1948
After the defeat of Japan in 1945, the Central Bank of China issued a separate currency in the northeast to replace those issued by puppet banks. Termed "東北九省流通券" (pinyin: Dōngběi jiǔ shěng liútōngquàn), it was worth approximately 10 times more than fabi circulating elsewhere. It was replaced in 1948 by the gold yuan. The Northeastern Provinces yuan was an attempt to isolate certain regions of China from the hyperinflation that plagued the fabi currency.

Gold yuan
In response to hyperinflation, the Nationalist government issued the gold yuan in August 1948. The Gold Yuan Certificate replaced the fabi at the rate of 1 gold yuan = 3 million yuan fabi = US$0.25. The gold yuan was nominally set at 222.17 mg of gold. Despite the implication of "gold" yuan, the currency was not backed by gold.

The gold yuan failed with greater speed than the fabi had. The gold yuan regulations had required citizens to surrender their gold and silver. When these regulations were abandoned, people who had complied with the regulations suffered huge losses while those who had violated the regulations and hoarded gold and silver avoided this harm. As hyperinflation continued after the gold yuan's failure, Chinese increasingly avoided currency and increasingly exchanged goods via barter.

1949–2001
Finally, in 1949, the Kuomintang again announced a reform with the introduction of the Silver Yuan Certificate, returning China to the silver standard. The silver yuan would be exchanged at 1 silver yuan = 100 million gold yuan, and was backed by silver dollars minted by the Central Mint of China.

This currency was short-lived, as the Chinese Communist Party soon gained control of the Mainland provinces. It was replaced by currency issued by the People's Bank of China which was less prone to inflation.

After the retreat of the Kuomintang to Taiwan, the silver yuan remained the de jure legal currency of account of the Republic of China, although only Taiwan dollars issued by the Bank of Taiwan were circulating in areas controlled by the ROC. After a currency reform in 1949 created the New Taiwan dollar, the statutory exchange rate was set at 1 silver yuan = NT$3.

An amendment was passed in 2000 to make the New Taiwan dollar the official legal currency of the Republic of China.

Taiwan dollar
The Bank of Taiwan was originally established by the Japanese in 1899 whilst Taiwan was under Japanese administration. The bank issued Taiwanese yen which were pegged to the Japanese yen. After the retrocession of Taiwan to the Republic of China, the new Bank of Taiwan was allowed to continue issuing its own currency. Called the "Taiwan dollar", it replaced the Taiwanese yen at par. This was an attempt by the Kuomintang to prevent the hyperinflation affecting the mainland from affecting Taiwan.

However, mismanagement by the governor-general Chen Yi meant that the Taiwan dollar also suffered depreciation. It was replaced by the New Taiwan dollar in 1949 at the rate of 40,000 to 1.

Japanese occupation money
The Japanese Imperial Government issued currency through several means during their occupation of China.

Manchuria
At the time of invasion of China's northeast in 1931, multiple currencies were circulating. These included local provincial issues, the Kuomintang fabi and yen currencies issued by the Bank of Chosen and the Bank of Taiwan.

After the puppet state of Manchukuo was created, the Japanese founded the Central Bank of Manchou on July 1, 1932, in Changchun (長春), then known as Xinjing (新京). While the bank provided commercial functions, it also acted as a central bank and issuer of currency. The Manchukuo yuan was initially set at 1 Manchukuo yuan = 23.91 g silver, but became pegged to the Japanese yen at 1:1 in 1935 after Japan left the gold standard. The currency lasted until the end of World War II. It was replaced by the Northeastern Provinces Yuan issued by the Central Bank of China.

Inner Mongolia
Before Japanese occupation, the predominant bank of China's northern provinces (including Suiyuan, Chahar and Shanxi) was the Charhar Commercial Bank. When the Japanese invaded, the bank evacuated the area taking all of its capital and all unissued currency. The Japanese military government quickly established the Channan Commercial Bank to replace its note issuing functions.

With the formation of Mengjiang puppet state, the authorities established the Bank of Mengjiang which amalgamated the Channan Commercial Bank with three other smaller regional banks. The Bank of Mengjiang issued Mengjiang yuan from 1937 which was pegged to the Japanese military yen and Japanese yen at par.

Collaborationist governments
The Japanese managed to establish two collaborationist regimes during their occupation in China. In the north, the "Provisional Government of China" (中華民國臨時政府) based in Beijing established the Federal Reserve Bank of China (中國聯合準備銀行, pinyin: Zhōngguó Liánhé Zhǔnbèi Yínháng). The FRB issued notes in 1938 at par with Kuomintang fabi. Although initially equivalent, the Japanese banned the use of Nationalist currency in 1939 and set arbitrary exchange rates in favour of the FRB yuan. The FRB yuan was replaced by Kuomintang fabi in 1945 at 5 FRB yuan = 1 fabi.

The Wang Jingwei government in Nanjing established the collaborationist Nanjing Reformed Government (南京維新政府) in 1938. This was later reorganized into the Nanjing National Government (南京國民政府) in 1940. They established the Central Reserve Bank of China (中央儲備銀行, pinyin: Zhōngyāng Chǔbèi Yínháng) which began issuing CRB yuan in 1941. Although initially set at par with the Nationalist fabi, it also was arbitrarily changed to equal 0.18 Japanese military yen. In 1945, it was also replaced by the Nationalist fabi at 200 CRB yuan = 1 fabi.

Japanese military yen
The Japanese military yen was distributed in many regions throughout East Asia under Japanese occupation. Initially, these were issued as payment to soldiers. The intention was the payout of an indefinite amount of Japanese military yen which could not be converted into Japanese yen and therefore could not cause inflation in Japan. However, the destructive effects on local East Asian economies was not a major concern.

The currency became legal tender in China commencing in 1937. It was later replaced by issues from puppet banks. However, the currency remained in force in Hong Kong between 1941 and 1945. Initially set at HK$2 = JMY1, the Hong Kong dollar was largely preferred by locals and hoarded away. In order to address this, the Japanese government made possession of Hong Kong dollars illegal in 1943 and required a conversion to JMY at 4 to 1.

Following Japanese surrender
In the period immediately following the Japanese surrender in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the formerly occupied areas had competing currencies. Japan had never unified the currency systems in the areas it occupied, thus the Wang Jingwei regime, the Wang Kemin regime, and the Manchukuo puppet state all had separate currency systems. The Nationalist government attempted to replace these currencies with the fabi. For the currency of the Wang Jingwei regime, the Nationalist government set a minimal exchange rate of 200 yuan in regime currency to one fabi and required the regime currency to be exchanged within four months. This undervaluation made inflation worse as Chinese who formerly lived under the regime rushed to hoard goods rather than exchange for fabi which in turn drove price increases. Ultimately, the unrealistic exchange rate impoverished those who had lived under the Wang Jingwei regime and made economic revival of the area more difficult. The Nationalist government set more realistic exchange rates for the Wang Kemin and Manchukuo regime currencies.

Renminbi

The Chinese Communist Party gained control of large areas of the northeast of China during 1948 and 1949. Although several regional banks were established, they were united in December 1948 as the People's Bank of China. Established in Shijiazhuang, the new bank took over currency issuance in areas controlled by the Communist Party.

After the promulgation of the People's Republic of China, there was a brief period where 100,000 gold yuan could be exchanged for 1 yuan Renminbi.

Renminbi notes were issued in 12 denominations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, and 50,000 yuan. These denominations were subdivided into 62 styles. After adjusting the currency value with ratio 1:10,000 in March 1955, the second edition of Renminbi were issued in 12 denominations, including 1 fen, 2 fen, 5 fen, 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan.

The People's Republic of China began issuing aluminum coins in December 1957, in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 fen. From 1961, China outsourced the printing of 3, 5 and 10 yuan notes to the Soviet Union.

The fifth and latest editions of the currency of the People's Republic of China have been produced since 1 October 1999. Notes have been produced in 8 denominations: old types of 1 fen, 2 fen and 5 fen, as well as new issues depicting Mao Zedong: 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan. In 2004, a 1 yuan note depicting Mao Zedong first came into production. Since 1999, coins have been produced in denominations of 1 fen, 2 fen, 5 fen, 1 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan.

Foreign Exchange Certificates
The Bank of China on the Mainland was chartered as the main foreign trade and exchange bank. Foreign visitors to the People's Republic of China were required to conduct transactions with Foreign Exchange Certificates issued by the Bank of China between 1979 and 1994. These have been abolished, and all transactions now occur in Renminbi.

Transition from cash to mobile payment
Before 2010, consumer purchases with anything other than physical currency was rare, although in the 2000s some large urban shops and international hotels began to accept credit cards. China leapfrogged credit card payments to become one of the world's leaders in mobile payments. Early and wide adoption of mobile payments also led to a boom in online shopping and retail banking.

title: History of Chinese currency


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Amanda Award

The Amanda Award (Amandaprisen) is an award given annually at the Norwegian International Film Festival in Haugesund, Norway, to promote and improve Norwegian film. The award originated in 1985, and has since 2005 been exclusively a film award (not television). Winners are awarded a trophy by the Norwegian sculptor Kristian Kvakland, and the name—and theme—of the sculpture comes from a legendary local woman from the 1920s. The award ceremony is marked every year by a major, nationally televised event.

History
The Amanda Award was instituted in 1985 as part of the Norwegian International Film Festival "to increase the quality of and further the interest for Norwegian films". The year 1993 marked an exception to the norm, when the so-called "Nordic Amanda" included contribution from all the Nordic countries. From 2005 onwards, TV-drama was no longer included among the categories honoured, as the TV-specific award "Gullruten" had taken over this function. Instead the award became exclusively for films. Around the same time another change occurred also. Since the beginning, the award ceremony had been produced in cooperation with the Norwegian state broadcasting corporation Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK). In 2006, however, NRK ended the partnership, and the show has since that time been the responsibility of the private broadcasting company TV 2.

In the year 2007, a "People's Amanda" ("Folkets Amanda") was awarded for the first time, where the winner was arrived at by popular vote. The first winner of the award was the horror movie Fritt Vilt, directed by Roar Uthaug.

Sculpture
The name "Amanda" is derived from a song, or sea shanty, titled "Amanda fra [from] Haugesund". Supposedly the song in turn refers to a real woman from the 1920s – a single mother who made a living from selling liquor to sailors during the prohibition period.

The figurine that is awarded to prize winners originated from a competition held by the local newspaper Haugesunds Avis in 1985, to create a sculpture of the legendary Amanda. The competition was won by Kristian Kvakland from Nesodden in Akershus. The full-size sculpture now stands outside the newspaper's office, but a miniature version was adopted as a trophy for the Amanda Award. The figurine is 30 cm (11.81 in) tall, with a skirt measuring 14 cm (5.51 in) in diameter. While the current sculpture is hollow and weighs 2.5 kg (5.51 lbs), for the first few years it was made of solid metal. Weighing in at 4.5 kg (9.92 lbs) it was difficult to hoist for many winners.

It was one of these prizes that, in the year 1986, was won by director Anja Breien, who decided to sell it through a newspaper advert, as a protest against that year's budget cuts for Norwegian film. The Swedish Film Institute, which had experienced similar cuts and sympathized, bought the sculpture. In 2005, as Breien was presented with an honorary award, she was also given back the original sculpture by former Minister of Culture and director of the Swedish Film Institute, Åse Kleveland.

Show
The award show has long been a central point of the film festival, as well as a major television event for the whole of Norway. Particularly in earlier years, international stars were sometimes brought in to enhance the prestige of the event. Examples of this are Roger Moore, who was a special guest at the first ceremony in 1985, and Diana Ross in 1987, then married to Norwegian entrepreneur Arne Næss, Jr. Other international names appearing in the show as presenters have included Ned Beatty, Lauren Bacall, Jon Voight, Brian Cox, Jeremy Irons, Ben Kingsley and Pierce Brosnan.

The show has in recent years been hosted by prominent Norwegian comedians. Jon Almaas, known from the TV-show Nytt på nytt, played host for several years in the early 2000s. Thomas Giertsen, known as a stand-up comedian and from several TV-shows, has hosted the show in recent years. An episode that received some media attention in 2005 was when host Marit Åslein and Minister of Culture and Church Affairs from the Christian conservative party KrF, Valgerd Svarstad Haugland, kissed on stage as part of a humorous routine.

Awards and winners
The only actor ever to have won four Amanda Awards is Bjørn Sundquist. These were awarded for the movies Over grensen (1987), Søndagsengler (1996) and Sejer - se deg ikke tilbake (2000), as well as an Honorary Award in 2000. Ane Dahl Torp has won three awards for specific acting roles: she won Best Actress for her roles in Svarte penger - hvite løgner (2004) and Gymnaslærer Pedersen (2006), and was the first ever to receive the newly created award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for her effort in Lønsj in 2008. Sverre Anker Ousdal has also been named Best Actor twice, for Kreditorene in 1990 and Blodsbånd in 1998, and won the Honorary Award in 2009. Nils Ole Oftebro, Espen Skjønberg and Anneke von der Lippe have all been honoured twice each – Oftebro and Skjønberg once as lead actors and once as supporting actors. Among the directors, Ola Solum, Nils Gaup, Berit Nesheim and Bent Hamer have each received two awards. Erik Gustavson has the rare distinction of having won in three different categories: for best film and best documentary, in addition to winning the special "Nordic Amanda" in 1993. This is an accomplishment Kjersti Holmen can also claim, for winning the Best Actress award in 2000, Best Supporting Role in 1993, and the Honorary Award in 2009. The only film to have won the three main awards – best film, best actor and best actress – is Budbringeren in 1997.

As of 2010, the categories awarded are:
 * Best Norwegian Film in Theatrical Release
 * Best Director (for films in theatrical release)
 * The People’s Amanda (audience vote)
 * Best Actor
 * Best Actress
 * Best Actor in a Supporting Role
 * Best Actress in a Supporting Role
 * Best Children’s and Youth Film
 * Best Original Screenplay
 * Best Cinematography
 * Best Sound Design
 * Best Music
 * Best Editing
 * Best Production Design / Scenography
 * Best Visual Effects
 * Best Short Film
 * Best Documentary
 * The foreign film of the year in Theatrical Release
 * The Amanda Committee's Golden Clapper (technical award)
 * The Amanda Committee's Honorary Award

title: Amanda Award


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Yuan (currency)

The yuan (sign: ¥; ; ) is the base unit of a number of former and present-day currencies in Chinese.

A yuan is also known colloquially as a kuai (originally a lump of silver). One yuan is divided into 10 jiao or colloquially mao. One jiao is divided into 10 fen.

Current usage
Today, the term "yuan" usually refers to the primary unit of account of the renminbi (RMB), the currency of the People's Republic of China. RMB banknotes start at one Yuan and go up to 100 Yuan. It is also used as a synonym of that currency, especially in international contexts – the ISO 4217 standard code for renminbi is CNY, an abbreviation of "Chinese yuan". (A similar case is the use of the terms sterling to designate British currency and pound for the unit of account.)

The symbol for the yuan (元) is also used in Chinese to refer to the currency units of Japan (yen) and Korea (won), and is used to translate the currency unit dollar as well as some other currencies; for example, the United States dollar is called Meiyuan in Chinese, and the euro is called Ouyuan. When used in English in the context of the modern foreign exchange market, the Chinese yuan (CNY) refers to the renminbi (RMB), which is the official currency used in mainland China.

Etymology, writing and pronunciation
In Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, 圓 / 圆 yuán literally means "round". During the Qing dynasty and early Republic the yuan was a large, thick round coin made of silver, modelled on the Mexican silver dollar.

The word is usually written with the Chinese character 元, literally meaning "beginning" but used as an abbreviation for 圓. On notes, coins and documents such as contracts, to make it less easy to alter it is mostly written with the coin's original name, 圓 / 圆. In international contexts, '¥' or 'RMB' (abbr. for renminbi) is often prefixed to the amount (e.g. RMB¥100 or ¥100元).

Alternative words
In many parts of China, the unit of renminbi is sometimes colloquially called kuài (, literally "piece") rather than yuán. The pinyin term kuài has also been written as "quay" in English language publications

In Cantonese, widely spoken in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macau, the yuan, jiao, and fen are called mān, hòuh , and sīn , respectively. Sīn is a loan word from the English cent.

Related currency units
The Chinese character 圓 is also used to denote the base unit of the Hong Kong dollar, the Macanese pataca, and the New Taiwan dollar. The unit of a New Taiwan dollar is also referred to in Standard Chinese as yuán and written as 元 or 圓.

The names of the Korean and Japanese currency units, won and yen respectively, are cognates of Mandarin yuán, also meaning "round" in the Korean and Japanese languages.

The Japanese yen (en) was originally also written with the kanji (Chinese) character 圓, which was simplified to 円 with the promulgation of the Tōyō kanji in 1946.

The Korean won (won) used to be written with the hanja (Chinese) character 圜 from 1902 to 1910, and 圓 some time after World War II. It is now written exclusively in Hangul, as 원, in both North and South Korea.

The Mongolian tögrög (төгрөг), means "round" in Mongolian language.

Early history
The yuan was derived from the Spanish dollar or Mexican dollar, worth eight Spanish reales and popularly known as the piece-of-eight. This was effectively the world's first international currency, beginning to circulate widely in east and southeast Asia in the late 18th century due to Spanish presence in the region, principally the Philippines and Guam.

The Chinese yuan was subdivided into 1,000 cash, 100 cents or fen , and 10 jiao (, cf. dime). It replaced copper cash and various silver ingots called sycees. The sycees were denominated in tael. The yuan was valued at 0.72 tael, (or 7 mace and 2 candareens).

Banknotes were issued in yuan denominations from the 1890s by several local and private banks, along with the Imperial Bank of China and the "Hu Pu Bank" (later the "Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank"), established by the Imperial government. During the Imperial period, banknotes were issued in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 jiao, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 yuan, although notes below 1 yuan were uncommon.

The earliest issues were silver coins produced at the Guangdong mint, known in the West at the time as Canton, and transliterated as Kwangtung, in denominations of 5 cents, 1, 2 and 5 jiao and 1 yuan. Other regional mints were opened in the 1890s producing similar silver coins along with copper coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cash. The central government began issuing its own coins in the yuan currency system in 1903. Banknotes were issued in yuan denominations from the 1890s by several local and private banks, along with banks established by the Imperial government.

The central government began issuing its own coins in the yuan currency system in 1903. These were brass 1 cash, copper 2, 5, 10 and 20 cash, and silver 1, 2 and 5 jiao and 1 yuan. After the revolution, although the designs changed, the sizes and metals used in the coinage remained mostly unchanged until the 1930s. From 1936, the central government issued nickel (later cupronickel) 5, 10 and 20 fen and $1/undefined$ yuan coins. Aluminium 1 and 5 fen pieces were issued in 1940.

Date of first "yuan" coins by province
This table sets out the first "silver yuan" coins minted by each province.

Republican era

In 1917, the warlord in control of Manchuria, Zhang Zuolin, introduced a new currency, known as the Fengtien yuan or dollar, for use in the Three Eastern Provinces. It was valued at 1.2 yuan in the earlier (and still circulating) "small money" banknotes and was initially set equal to the Japanese yen. It maintained its value (at times being worth a little more than the yen) until 1925, when Zhang Zuolin's military involvement in the rest of China lead to an increase in banknote production and a fall in the currency's value. The currency lost most of its value in 1928 as a consequence of the disturbance following Zhang Zuolin's assassination. The Fengtien yuan was only issued in banknote form, with 1, 5 and 10 yuan notes issued in 1917, followed by 50 and 100 yuan notes in 1924. The last notes were issued in 1928.

The number of banks issuing paper money increased after the revolution. Significant national issuers included the "Commercial Bank of China" (the former Imperial Bank), the "Bank of China" (the former Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank), the "Bank of Communications", the "Ningpo Commercial Bank", the "Central Bank of China" and the "Farmers Bank of China". Of these, only the Central Bank of China issued notes beyond 1943. An exceptionally large number of banknotes were issued during the Republican era (1911–1949) by provincial banks (both Nationalist and Communist).

After the revolution, a great many local, national and foreign banks issued currency. Although the provincial coinages mostly ended in the 1920s, the provincial banks continued issuing notes until 1949, including Communist issues from 1930. Most of the banknotes issued for use throughout the country bore the words "National Currency", as did some of the provincial banks. The remaining provincial banknotes bore the words "Local Currency". These circulated at varying exchange rates to the national currency issues. After the revolution, in addition to the denominations already in circulation, "small money" notes proliferated, with 1, 2 and 5 cent denominations appearing. Many notes were issued denominated in English in cash (wén).

During the 1930s, several new currencies came into being in China due to the activities of the invading Japanese. The pre-existing, national currency yuan came to be associated only with the Nationalist, Kuomintang government. In 1935, the Kuomintang Government enacted currency reforms to limit currency issuance to four major government controlled banks: the Bank of China, Central Bank of China, Bank of Communications and later the Farmers Bank of China. The circulation of silver yuan coins was prohibited and private ownership of silver was banned. The banknotes issued in its place were known as fabi or "Legal tender". A new series of base metal coins began production in 1936 following the reforms.

The Japanese established two collaborationist regimes during their occupation in China. In the north, the "Provisional Government of the Republic of China" based in Peking (Beijing) established the Federal Reserve Bank of China. The Japanese occupiers issued coins and banknotes denominated in li (and were worth  of a yuan), fen, jiao and yuan. Issuers included a variety of banks, including the Central Reserve Bank of China (for the puppet government in Nanking) and the Federal Reserve Bank of China (for the puppet government in Peking (Beijing)). The Japanese decreed the exchange rates between the various banks' issues and those of the Nationalists but the banknotes circulated with varying degrees of acceptance among the Chinese population. Between 1932 and 1945, the puppet state of Manchukuo issued its own yuan.

In the aftermath of the Second World War and during the civil war which followed, Nationalist China suffered from hyperinflation, leading to the introduction of a new currency in 1948, the gold yuan. In the 1940s, larger denominations of notes appeared due to the high inflation. 500 yuan notes were introduced in 1941, followed by 1,000 and 2,000 yuan in 1942, 2,500 and 5,000 yuan in 1945 and 10,000 yuan in 1947.

Between 1930 and 1948, banknotes were also issued by the Central Bank of China denominated in customs gold units. These, known as "gold yuan notes", circulated as normal currency in the 1940s alongside the yuan.

Banknotes of the yuan suffered from hyperinflation following the Second World War and were replaced in August 1948 by notes denominated in gold yuan, worth 3 million old yuan. There was no link between the gold yuan and gold metal or coins and this yuan also suffered from hyperinflation.

In 1948, the Central Bank of China issued notes (some dated 1945 and 1946) in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 jiao, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 yuan. In 1949, higher denominations of 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000, 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 yuan were issued. The Central Bank of China issued notes in denominations of 1 and 5 fen, 1, 2 and 5 jiao, 1, 5 and 10 yuan.

In July 1949, the Nationalist Government introduced the silver yuan, which was initially worth 500 million gold yuan. It circulated for a few months on the mainland before the end of the civil war. This silver yuan remained the de jure official currency of the Republic government in Taiwan until 2000.

Civil War period
The various Soviets under the control of the Chinese Communist Party issued coins between 1931 and 1935, and banknotes between 1930 and 1949. Some of the banknotes were denominated in chuàn, strings of wén coins. The People's Bank was founded in 1948 and began issuing currency that year, but some of the regional banks continued to issue their own notes in to 1949.

After the defeat of Japan in 1945, the Central Bank of China issued a separate currency in the northeast to replace those issued by the puppet banks—north-eastern yuan. It was worth 20 of the yuan which circulated in the rest of the country. It was replaced in 1948 by the gold yuan at a rate of 150,000 north-eastern yuan to 1 gold yuan. In 1945, notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 yuan. 500 yuan notes were added in 1946, followed by 1,000 and 2,000 yuan in 1947 and 5000 and 10,000 yuan in 1948.

Various, mostly crude, coins were produced by the Soviets. Some only issued silver 1 yuan coins (Hunan, Eyuwan, Northeastern Jiangxi, North Shaanxi and Pingjiang) whilst the West Hunan-Hubei Soviet only issued copper 1 fen coins and the North-West Anhui Soviet issued only copper 50 wen coins. The Chinese Soviet Republic issued copper 1 and 5 fen and silver 2 jiao and 1 yuan coins. The Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet issued copper 200 and 500 wen and silver 1 yuan coins.

Notes were produced by many different banks. There were two phases of note production. The first, up until 1936, involved banks in a total of seven areas, most of which were organized as Soviets. These were:

Today
Production of banknotes by Communist Party forces ceased in 1936 but resumed in 1938 and continued through to the centralization of money production in 1948. A great many regional banks and other entities issued notes. Before 1942, denominations up to 100 yuan were issued. That year, the first notes up to 1,000 yuan appeared. Notes up to 5,000 yuan appeared in 1943, with 10,000 yuan notes appearing in 1947, 50,000 yuan in 1948 and 100,000 yuan in 1949.

As the People's Liberation Army took control of most of China, they introduced a new currency, in banknote form only, denominated in yuan. This became the sole currency of mainland China at the end of the civil war. A new yuan was introduced in 1955 at a rate of 10,000 old yuan = 1 new yuan, known as the renminbi yuan. It is the currency of the People's Republic of China to this day.

The term yuan is also used in Taiwan. In 1946, a new currency was introduced for circulation there, replacing the Japanese issued Taiwan yen, the Old Taiwan dollar. It was not directly related to the mainland yuan. In 1949, a second yuan was introduced in Taiwan, replacing the first at a rate of 40,000 to 1. Known as the New Taiwan dollar, it remains the currency of Taiwan today.

Connection with dollar
Originally, a silver yuan had the same specifications as a silver Spanish dollar. During the Republican era (1911–1949), the transliteration "yuan" was often printed on the reverse of the first yuan banknotes but sometimes "dollar" was used instead.

In the Republic of China, the common English name is the "New Taiwan dollar" but banknotes issued between 1949 and 1956 used "yuan" as the transliteration. More modern notes lack any transliteration.

title: Yuan (currency)


text:
User talk:Gswenson

Welcome!
Hello, Gswenson, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  12:58, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Gswenson