text:
Malcolm Whitman

Malcolm "Mal" Douglass Whitman (March 15, 1877 – December 28, 1932) was an American tennis player who won three singles titles at the U.S. National Championships.

Biography
He graduated from The Roxbury Latin School, where he is celebrated as one of its greatest athletes. Whitman was American intercollegiate singles tennis champion in 1896 and doubles champion in 1897 and 1898 as a student at Harvard University. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1899 and received his bachelor in law degree in 1902.

In 1896, Whitman entered his first U.S. National Championships at the Newport Casino and lost in the quarterfinals to Bill Larned. In 1897, he lost in the quarterfinals, this time against Harold Nisbet. Whitman is best known for this hat-trick of singles titles at the U.S. National Championships. Between 1898 and 1900, he stayed undefeated there. In 1901, he did not compete and in the 1902 Championships, and he lost in the All-Comers final to Englishman Reginald Doherty. According to the Doherty brothers, Malcolm Whitman and Bill Larned were at the time the best American singles players.

He played on the inaugural American Davis Cup squad in 1900 and beat Englishman Arthur Gore in Boston, Massachusetts to help his US team win the trophy. In the 1902 Davis Cup final against Great Britain in Brooklyn, he contributed to his team's win by defeating Joshua Pim and Reginald Doherty in the singles.

Whitman retired from tennis in 1902 at the age of 25. He was a member of the executive committee of the U.S. National Lawn Tennis Association and held management positions in several companies.

In 1932, he wrote a book on the origin of tennis titled Tennis - Origins and Mysteries.

Playing style
In their book R.F. and H.L. Doherty - On Lawn Tennis (1903) multiple Wimbledon champions Reginald and Lawrence Doherty described Whitman's playing style:

"Whitman is very safe everywhere, and has not a weak point. We believe he has only been beaten once in the last five years. Perhaps his backhand is almost as good as his forehand. He plays the volleying game, as nearly all the Americans do, and gets up to the net on every possible occasion, and when at the net is very hard to pass. He is wonderfully sure on his volley and, besides, has an enormous reach, and is very active and severe overhead. On the ground he plays rather a soft but still an accurate game, and gets more pace on the ball than he seems to. His length is always excellent. He hits the ball rather low, and passes well. And he has that supreme merit - that he rarely misses easy strokes."

- On Lawn Tennis - 1903

Personal life
Whitman married his first wife, Janet McCook in 1907. She died in December 1909 after the birth of their second child. In July 1912, Whitman married Jennie Adeline Crocker but they divorced in 1924. In 1926, Whitman married Lucilla Mara de Vescovi, known as the Countess Mara. In December 1931, his daughter Mary, 16, from his second marriage, died of pneumonia. On December 28, 1932, Whitman committed suicide by jumping off an apartment building in New York after a nervous breakdown.

title: Malcolm Whitman


text:
Talk:RoboRally

Correct spelling of game's name
"RoboRally" is the correct spelling of the game's name, according to Wizards of the Coast (scroll about halfway down the page). Currently RoboRally redirects to Robo Rally; these should be reversed. I just don't know how to do it. --Dmleach

 * Normally, you'd use the "Move this page" link. But since RoboRally is occupied, you'll have to get an administrator to do it.  I think you do that at Requested moves.

 * Please sign your posts. You can do this with either 3 or 4 tildes (  or ~ ).  The latter is preferred since it also adds a timestamp.  I added yours about, but please remember to do it in the future. Peace. :-)   — Frecklefoot | Talk 15:52, May 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. --BradBeattie 14:58, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

BoardGameGeek
Trysha's edit on 13 December 2005 deleted an external link to the RoboRally page on the BoardGameGeek site. I'm curious: why was this done? It seems like a useful and worthwhile link to include in that section of the article. Pat Berry 23:28, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It is because I went alphabetically through the board game articles and added a link to the Board Game Geek site. This was interpreted as spamming and my adding of these links were removed from most of the articles.  Feel free to add the link back in. Val42 04:34, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

"Redundant" categories
The link to Category:Board games was deleted as "redundant". If a game is in the science fiction board games category, shouldn't it also be in the board games category, so that it shows up explicitly in both categories' listings? --JHunterJ 14:16, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

incorrect attribution?
in a picture's caption, it reads; "3D RoboRally Art by Corey Kruitbosch" Weren't the figures designed by Phil Foglio? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 143.109.136.134 (talk • contribs).
 * Yes (and the article says so), but that image is "RoboRally Fan Art created by Corey Kruitbosch 3D Artist". -- JHunterJ 17:16, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Editions & Boards Chart
I'm interested in adding a chart of information related to which boards are in which release to visually aid those who are interested in the differences. I have such a chart here, but I am unsure of the most appropriate way of including this information (formatting etc) in the article, or even if it is an appropriate addition, considering that all of the same information already exists in the article (just in a less visual format).

I'm assuming that a well formatted wiki table would be the way to go, but I have little experience in putting one together. If someone could at the very least confirm that this would be an appropriate addition, I'll gladly put forth the effort. I just don't think I should bother until I know it won't be reverted due to redundancy.

Alternatively, I could just include this as an external link, but I think that might not be an ideal solution as the permanence of my Google Pages space is not certain.

--Ho0ber (talk) 19:29, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I know very little about the game, but I can make wikitables. If you didn't want to make the table, I'd be willing to.  Like you stated above, I'd hold off for a bit though to see if there are any objections first.--Rockfang (talk) 21:30, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

I would suggest a simplified table: —MJBurrage(T•C) 04:31, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Excellent idea. Now, continuing with the novice editor questions: Where in the article would this most appropriately be placed? I'd assume in with the Editions and expansions (with board names) section, but I'm not sure how I should include it without replacing the additional information provided in the list format. If a more experienced editor wishes to move the above chart in a way he or she feels appropriate, please feel free to do so.--Ho0ber (talk) 19:57, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

carnage and mayhem
"...which add to the carnage and mayhem"

is that really necessary ? is there really carnage and mayhem in a ... board game ? :)

-- Richlv (talk) 00:43, 31 March 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:RoboRally


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Finger joint

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep, merge recommended, but no consensus. --Dmcdevit·t 05:34, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Finger joint
Not very encycloediac Manik Raina 15:21, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Joinery. Joyous  (talk) 16:58, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Joinery. JamesBurns 06:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I see no reason that this couldn't expand to the sizes of dovetail joint or mortise and tenon, complete with pictures. Keep. Uncle G 10:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
A.M. 180

"A.M. 180" is a song by American indie rock band Grandaddy from their debut studio album, Under the Western Freeway (1997). It was released as a single in 1998 by record label Will.

Release
It reached number 88 in the UK Singles Chart.

Legacy
"A.M. 180" was featured prominently in the 2002 British film 28 Days Later. It is used as the opening theme music for the BBC Four television series, Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe. The song was used in a 2009 Dodge Journey advertisement. "A.M. 180" features in the "Eddsworld" episode, "Hello Hellhole". Belgian Indie rock band Girls In Hawaii regularly cover the song live, citing Grandaddy's 2003 set at Pukkelpop as paramount to their development as a band. Canadian pop punk band PUP released a cover version of the song in August 2020.

Track listing

 * CD version

 * 7" version

title: A.M. 180


text:
South West African Labour and Farmers' Party

The South West African Labour and Farmers' Party was a political party in Namibia. It was founded on 25 November 1931.


text:
Marco Melandri

Marco Melandri (born 7 August 1982) is an Italian retired motorcycle road racer who is a five-time premier class race winner. He is the 2002 250 cc World Champion and runner-up in 125 cc, MotoGP and Superbike World Championship. He competed in the MotoGP class from 2003 to 2010 and then a brief return with Aprilia in 2015.

Melandri's best years in MotoGP came in and  with these two seasons being the only seasons he won races in MotoGP, the same as title rival Nicky Hayden. Melandri finished runner-up in to Valentino Rossi with two wins. The season is regarded as his best ever as he won three races and finished 24 points behind eventual champion Nicky Hayden. In both these seasons he won more races than title rival Hayden, finishing ahead of Hayden in 2005 and just behind him in 2006. Melandri has 22 race wins in Grand Prix motorcycle racing including five in MotoGP.

Melandri switched to the Superbike World Championship in 2011, earning 22 wins in his first six seasons finishing among the top five every time. Melandri retired from racing after the 2019 Superbike World Championship. After a brief return to Superbike in 2020 and racing in four rounds Melandri retired again.

Early career
Melandri was born in Ravenna. He was introduced to racing by a former rider Loris Reggiani at the age of six. He came through the ranks from minibikes, motocross and then the Italian and European 125cc championship.

In 1997, Melandri won the Italian 125cc championship, also finishing 4th in European 125cc championship. In addition to his European success, he made his debut in 125cc world championship at Brno, Czech Republic as a wild card rider.

125cc World Championship
After impressing in Italian and European championship in 1997, Melandri finally got his chance to compete in 1998 125cc world championship as a regular. He rode Honda 125cc bike under Benetton Honda Team. He went on to impress many as he earned his first podium in the fourth race of the season, where he finished second in his home Grand Prix at Mugello, Italy. His brilliant debut season continued when he won his first grand prix at Assen TT, Netherlands. He won this race at the age of 15 years and 324 days which made him the youngest ever Grand Prix winner, at the time. Overall, he won two Grand Prix in his debut season and therefore he finished the season at 3rd position in overall standings behind champion Kazuto Sakata and runner-up Tomomi Manako.

He remained on the same bike and team in 1999, where he bid to win the 125cc world championship. He went on to win 5 Grand Prix but failed to win the championship, finishing second behind Emilio Alzamora with just a single point difference. Failure in securing his first world championship did not stop his rise to 250cc world championship in 2000.

250cc World Championship
Melandri was signed by Aprilia in 2000 to replace another Italian Valentino Rossi who left the team and 250cc class for 500cc class. He was highly expected to take over Rossi's shoes and to win the 250cc world championship. However, his debut season did not start as well as the expectation. He struggled to adapt to bigger bike and higher competition. He failed to win any Grand Prix in 2000, managing only 4 podiums, all came late in the season. Despite these problems, he still finishes the season at 5th position overall.

In 2001, his performances were improving. He managed to win his first 250cc Grand Prix at Sachsenring, Germany. However, it was his only win in 2001. Despite managing to appear on the podium on 9 occasions, he never really challenged for the championship. He finished the season in 3rd position behind champion Daijiro Kato and runner-up Tetsuya Harada.

2002 proved to be Melandri's chance to shine. With 2001 champion and runner-up, Kato and Harada moved to MotoGP class, he became the strongest contender for the championship. He dominated the season by collecting 9 wins and 3 additional podiums. After challenging for world championship for years, he finally won the 250cc world title. He became the youngest 250cc world champion at the age of 20 years and 74 days until Dani Pedrosa broke his record in 2004.

MotoGP World Championship
After securing the 250cc world title in 2002, Melandri moved up to MotoGP class to spearhead Yamaha factory team alongside Carlos Checa in 2003 replacing the departing Max Biaggi. The Yamaha was less competitive than Honda and Ducati, and although Melandri at times showed good speed, he struggled to turn this into good results. He finished the season in fifteenth position without collecting any wins or podiums.

He joined Yamaha's satellite team, Tech3 in 2004 alongside Norick Abe in order to make way for the incoming Valentino Rossi. This season, he again struggled to get top results. Although he managed to collect two consecutive podiums, a series of crashes and retirements kept him out of the top 10 in overall standings. He finished the season in twelfth position.

Released from his Yamaha contract after the 2004 season, Melandri was the surprise choice of boss Fausto Gresini to join Sete Gibernau in the Movistar Honda team for the 2005 MotoGP campaign. Melandri was successful with Movistar Honda in 2005, with a consistent run of podium finishes early in the season, ultimately taking his first two wins in the final two races of 2005 to clinch second place in the championship. In doing so, he was the first Honda rider to win back-to-back races for nearly two years, winning the final two rounds of the MotoGP Championship at Istanbul and in Valencia. Although he never really challenged his best friend Valentino Rossi for the title, he finished the season strongly as runner-up, with a total of two wins and five other podiums.

Melandri rode for Gresini's Fortuna Honda team alongside Toni Elías in the 2006 season. With Rossi struggling to find consistency, he was a major challenger, along with Ducati's Loris Capirossi and Honda riders Nicky Hayden and Dani Pedrosa. He again won at Istanbul, despite starting from fourteenth on the grid. He managed further wins at Le Mans, France and Phillip Island, Australia. He finished the season in fourth position, just one point behind Capirossi.

In 2007, Melandri and Elias remained in the Honda Gresini team, now sponsored by Hannspree. Honda's 800cc machine was not competitive. Melandri finished on the podium at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca and Le Mans – at this point he and works rider Dani Pedrosa were the only Honda riders with multiple podiums. He ultimately finished fifth overall, second only to Pedrosa among the Honda riders.

Immediately after Melandri's 3rd-place finish in the 2007 USA's MotoGP round, Ducati announced that he would join its factory team alongside Casey Stoner for 2008 and 2009. But 2008 proved disastrous, with a run of uncompetitive runs often leaving him behind the semi-works Alice Team bikes of Toni Elías and Sylvain Guintoli. At Assen he qualified last and ran there throughout. A rumoured mid-season move to Kawasaki did not occur, however Melandri announced that he would be joining Kawasaki Racing Team for the 2009 MotoGP season to ride alongside his new teammate John Hopkins on 19 August. He then ended the season in a lacklustre 17th position. Kawasaki pulled its factory involvement for 2009, leading to fears that Melandri would not have a ride, however a rescue package was agreed to allow Melandri to run the bike for a one-bike semi-works Hayate Racing team, despite his concerns over the bike's poor rear traction. In 2009 Melandri achieved his first podium since 2007 with his 2nd-place finish at the wet French motorcycle Grand Prix. His only other top six finishes were in the first three races, as the team tailed off bike development and Melandri finished tenth overall. At Brno he battled Mika Kallio for sixth before a penultimate-lap collision between the two.

For 2010, Melandri returned to Gresini Honda, with a factory-spec RC212V bike from the start. Full factory support had sometimes been promised, but not provided, during his first Gresini spell. The team made set-up errors in its initial testing.

Superbike World Championship
Melandri moved to the Superbike World Championship from 2011 with the Yamaha World Superbike Team, replacing Cal Crutchlow, who moved to the Tech3 team in MotoGP.

On 2 October 2011, Melandri signed a contract to ride with the BMW World Superbike team for the 2012 season, after Yamaha elected not to continue with a factory team after the 2011 season. Melandri achieved BMW's best result, at the time, in the Superbike World Championship, with a second place in the season-opening race at Phillip Island, having started 13th on the grid. Mixed results followed at Imola, Assen and Monza, but Melandri achieved BMW's first Superbike World Championship victory at the European round at Donington Park, leading home teammate Leon Haslam in a 1–2 finish. Melandri and Haslam collided in the meeting's second race, denying a weekend sweep for BMW. From that point, Melandri won races at Miller Motorsports Park, Motorland Aragón and a double at Brno, to move within 21 points of the championship lead held by Max Biaggi.

On 16 July 2020, it was announced that Melandri would replace Leon Camier at the Barni Ducati Racing Team for the remainder of the season 2020. Camier was not recovered from a shoulder injury during winter testing at Motorland Aragon after fracturing his shoulder and wrist.

In September 2020, another retirement announcement was made midway through the season, due to Melandri's disappointing results and the hope of the Barni team finding better WSBK success with their younger rider Samuele Cavalieri, promoted from their entry in the Italian national CIV Superstock race class.

Return to MotoGP
In November 2014, it was announced that Melandri would return to Gresini, Aprilia's factory team for the 2015 season. However, after failing to score a point in the first eight races of the season, Melandri left the team and was replaced by Michael Laverty and then by Stefan Bradl.

Car racing
In addition to his motorcycle racing career, Melandri has also competed in car racing. He raced in two rounds of the 2008-09 Speedcar Series season, scoring two points from the four races.

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Marco Melandri


text:
Albert VII

Albert VII may refer to:
 * Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (1559–1621)
 * Albert VII, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1488–1547)
 * Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1537–1605)

Liste der Herrscher namens Albrecht

title: Albert VII


text: User talk:85.100.222.198

title: User talk:85.100.222.198


text:
Talk:Subdivisions of Gyeongju

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Subdivisions of Gyeongju. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080922005320/http://www.gyeongju.go.kr:80/administration/tonggye/statistical/007_006.htm to http://www.gyeongju.go.kr/administration/tonggye/statistical/007_006.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:18, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Subdivisions of Gyeongju


text:
The Crystal Lake

"The Crystal Lake" is a song by American indie rock band Grandaddy from their second album, The Sophtware Slump. It was released as a single on 29 May 2000 by record label V2, and was re-released in several formats in early 2001.

Content
Grandaddy frontman Jason Lytle described the song as "that age-old story, repeated many times in country music, of the wayward soul who leaves a small town with hopes and dreams of the unknown and winds up full of regret in some horrible little apartment in an unfriendly city".

Release and reception
"The Crystal Lake" was released as a single on 29 May 2000. It peaked at number 78 on the UK Singles Chart when first released and number 38 when re-issued in 2001.

The song was listed as the 295th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork.

Track listings

 * 2000 release

 * CD

 * 7"

 * 2001 releases

 * CD1

 * CD2

 * 7"

title: The Crystal Lake


text:
Karjalan Liitto

Karjalan Liitto (in English: Karelian Association) is a Finnish organisation that promotes Karelian culture and history. It also functions as an interest group for Karelian evacuees. As of 2023, the organization consists of 14 districts in Finland, cooperating with other Karelian movements and organisations.

History
The association was established by Karelian local governments, parishes and provincial organizations on 20 April 1940, immediately after the Winter War. The chief aim was to attend to the interests of Karelians who had lost their homes.

By the 1960s, the organization started to focus on preservation of the Karelian culture, by that point most of the economic and social problems faced by resettled Karelians were addressed.

The Karelian Association has close ties to the Finnish government and the European Union.

The organization had an official magazine Karjala Lehti, which stopped being published in September 2022, but there are plans to restart printing in 2023.

In 2023, Karjalan Liitto was contacted by a Karelian nationalist organisation, which wanted to cooperate with the movement in order to return Karelia back to Finland. The movement refused the offer, seeing it as a Russian information attack.

Goals

 * Preservation of Karelian culture
 * Displaying Karelian culture
 * Cross border cooperation (frozen)
 * Promotion of Karelianism
 * Cooperation with other Karelian organizations

Some members of Karjalan Liito supported a peaceful return of Karelia, but as of 2023, the movement is against border changes with Russia.

title: Karjalan Liitto


text:
Otis Taylor

Otis Taylor may refer to:
 * Otis Taylor (American football) (1942–2023), American football player
 * Otis Taylor (musician) (born 1948), blues musician

title: Otis Taylor


text:
Gustavo Alatriste

Gustavo Miguel Alatriste (25 August 1922 – 22 July 2006) was a Mexican actor, director, and producer of films.

Biography
He was married from 1961 through 1967 to the actress Silvia Pinal. They had one daughter, actress Viridiana Alatriste (1963–1982).

He was married several other times, to actresses Ariadne Welter, and Sonia Infante (the latter for 18 years) and had more than 20 other children, most of them in Mexico City and Guadalajara. Multiple sons have his name.

He began his career producing Luis Buñuel's Viridiana (1961), which starred his then-wife, actress Silvia Pinal. The film, considered one of the greatest in Cinema of Spain, was the first of three films by the trio.

In the eighties, Alatriste was named vice president of the Mexican CANACINE film organization.

Alatriste died of pancreatic cancer on 22 July 2006 in Houston, Texas, although it was not made public until July 25, leading to confusion about the true date. La Crònica de hoy gives the date and time of death as Saturday, 22 July at 11:45pm, according to Alatriste's ex-wife Sonia Infante. It was actually 11:45AM, according to medical records.

Producer

 * La casa de Bernarda Alba (1980)
 * La grilla (1980)
 * Human (1976)
 * Tecnologías pesqueras (1975)
 * Quien resulte responsable (1971)
 * La güera Xóchitl (1971)
 * Simón del desierto (1965)
 * El ángel exterminador (1962)
 * Viridiana (1961)

Director

 * La combi asesina (1982)
 * Historia de una mujer escandalosa (1982)
 * Toña, nacida virgen (Del oficio) (1982)
 * Aquel famoso Remington (1981)
 * La casa de Bernarda Alba (1980)
 * La grilla (1979)
 * En la cuerda del hambre (1978)
 * México, México, ra, ra, ra (1975)
 * Las tecnologías pesqueras (1975)
 * Los privilegiados (1973)
 * Entre violetas (1973)
 * Victorino (Las calles no se siembran) (1973)
 * Human (1971)
 * Q.R.R (Quien resulte responsable) (1970)
 * Los adelantados (Citintabchén)

Actor

 * Historia de una mujer escandalosa (1982)
 * Aquel famoso Remington (1981)
 * Victorino (Las calles no se siembran) (1973)

Writer

 * Aquel famoso Remington (1981)

title: Gustavo Alatriste


text:
Gainsborough Trinity F.C.

Gainsborough Trinity Football Club is a football club based in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England. Established in 1873, the club became members of the Football League in 1893 and remained members of the Second Division until 1912, making Gainsborough one of the smallest towns in England to have had a Football League team. They are currently members of and play at the Northolme.

History
The club was established in 1873 as Trinity Recreationists by the Reverend George Langton Hodgkinson, vicar of Holy Trinity parish, Gainsborough. In 1889 the club were founder members of the Midland League, which they won in 1890–91. The club finished as runners-up the following season and again in 1895–96, after which they applied for election to the Football League. In the vote they finished third, ahead of existing members Port Vale and Crewe Alexandra, and were elected into the Second Division. The club's first season in Division Two of the League saw them finish seventh, but a gradual decline in form saw them finish in the bottom half of the table every season until 1904. In 1901–02 Trinity finished bottom of the division, but were re-elected. In 1904–05 the club finished sixth in Division Two, their best performance during their Football League membership.

In 1911–12 Gainsborough finished bottom of the Second Division for a second time, and failed to be re-elected, receiving just nine votes to the 27 received by newly elected Lincoln City. The club returned to the Midland League, finishing third in 1912–13 and second in 1913–14, after which they unsuccessfully applied for readmission to the Football League. When the Football League created a new Third Division North in 1921, Trinity applied for membership, but were again unsuccessful. The club won the Midland League title in 1927–28, and the following season defeated Football League opposition in the FA Cup for the first time since losing their League status, beating Crewe 3–1 in the first round, before losing to Chesterfield in the second round. In 1931–32 they beat Crewe again in the first round, before losing 5–2 at home to Watford. In 1937–38 Trinity beat Port Vale in the first round, before losing to fellow non-League club Yeovil & Petters United. Another Football League team was beaten the following season, when Trinity knocked out Gateshead in the first round, before losing to Doncaster Rovers.

Following World War II Gainsborough had further success in the FA Cup, reaching the first round of the FA Cup in 1945–46, losing to Mansfield Town, and in 1946–47, when they were beaten by Darlington. In 1948–49 they reached the second round after defeating Witton Albion in the first round, before losing 4–3 at Walsall. They went on to win a third Midland League title that season. First round appearances in the FA Cup followed in 1950–51 (losing 3–0 to Plymouth) and 1951–52 (losing to Witton), before the 1952–53 season saw another second round appearance; after beating Netherfield in a first round replay, they lost 2–1 at Newport County. They reached the first round again the following season, before losing 4–1 at home to Chesterfield. The club failed to repeat the feat until 1959–60, when they lost to Doncaster Rovers in a replay.

At the end of the 1959–60 season, the Midland League was disbanded. Gainsborough spent a single season playing in both the Central Alliance and Division Two of the Yorkshire League, before returning to a reformed Midland League in 1961. Trinity won their fourth Midland League title in 1966–67, also reaching the first round of the FA Cup (losing 1–0 at home to Colchester United), before becoming founder members of the new Northern Premier League in 1968. The club applied to join the Football League again in 1975 and 1976, but received only a single vote on each occasion. The 1983–84 season saw them reach the first round of the FA Cup for over a decade, as they lost 2–0 at home to Blackpool.

When the Northern Premier League added a second division in 1987, Gainsborough were placed in the Premier Division. In 1997–98 FA Cup saw them drawn against local rivals Lincoln City, who after a 1–1 draw lost 3–2 in a 'home' replay that was played at Lincoln's Sincil Bank. Another first round appearance in 2003–04 ended with a 7–1 defeat at Brentford. At the end of the season a tenth-place finish saw the club become founder members of the Conference North. FA Cup first round appearances followed in 2006–07 (a 3–1 defeat by Barnet) and 2007–08 (a 6–0 loss at home to Hartlepool United). In 2011–12 the club finished fourth, qualifying for the promotion play-offs. However, after beating FC Halifax Town in the semi-finals, Trinity lost the final 1–0 to Nuneaton Town. During the 2012–13 season they reached the semi-finals of the FA Trophy and managed to beat Wrexham 2–1 at home but would lose 4–3 on aggregate. In another FA Cup first round appearance in 2015–16, the club were beaten 1–0 by Shrewsbury Town. The club were relegated for the first time in their history at the end of the 2017–18 season, dropping into the Northern Premier League's Premier Division.

Gainsborough finished fourth in the Premier Division in 2022–23, qualifying for the promotion play-offs. They subsequently lost 5–3 on penalties to Bamber Bridge in the semi-finals after a 1–1 draw.

Ground

Trinity moved to the Northolme ground, then also a cricket venue, in 1884. During their time in the Football League the club also played home matches at the Bowling Green Ground in the north-west of the town and Sincil Bank in Lincoln when the Northolme was being used for cricket. The record attendance of 9,760 was set for a Midland League match against local rivals Scunthorpe United in 1948.

Rivals and local games
Gainsborough Trinity's location on the bank of the River Trent pits them against a host of clubs from Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. The most noted local derbies for Gainsborough are against Boston United and Worksop Town, as both clubs have spent numerous seasons in both the Northern Premier League and Conference North divisions with Trinity. Games with Boston or Worksop are traditionally played on Boxing Day and New Year's Day.

Professional clubs in traditional Lincolnshire such as Lincoln City, Scunthorpe United and Grimsby Town have rarely played Trinity outside of pre-season tournaments such as the Lincolnshire Senior Cup. The last competitive match between Trinity and a professional Lincolnshire club was when they played Lincoln City in the first round of the FA Cup in the 1996–97 season, with Trinity eventually losing 3–2 in the replay following a 1–1 draw at Sincil Bank.

Club officials
As of 14 November 2023

Honours

 * Midland League
 * Champions 1890–91, 1927–28, 1948–49, 1966–67
 * Northern Premier League
 * Challenge Cup winners 1981–82, 1996–97
 * Lincolnshire Senior Cup
 * Winners 1889–90, 1892–93, 1894–95, 1897–98, 1903–04, 1904–05, 1906–07, 1910–11, 1970–71, 2002–03, 2017–18
 * Lincolnshire County Senior Cup
 * Winners 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49
 * Lincolnshire Senior 'A' Cup
 * Winners 1950–51, 1951–52, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1963–64
 * Lincolnshire Shield
 * Winners 2007–08, 2011–12

Records

 * Best FA Cup performance: Third round, 1886–87
 * Best FA Trophy performance: Semi-finals, 2012–13
 * Record attendance: 9,760 vs Scunthorpe United, Midland League, 1948
 * Biggest victory: 7–0 vs Fleetwood Town; 7–0 vs Great Harwood Town
 * Heaviest defeat: 1–7 vs Stalybridge Celtic, Northern Premier League, 2000–01; 1–7 vs Brentford, FA Cup, 2003–04
 * Record transfer fee paid: £3,000 to Burton Albion for Stuart Lowe
 * Record transfer fee received: £30,000 from Lincoln City for Tony James

title: Gainsborough Trinity F.C.


text:
Sunspider

Sunspider may refer to:

 * SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark, a system to benchmark the speed of JavaScript engines
 * Sun spider, a common name for Solifugae, an order of Arachnid (spider-like animals)
 * Sun-Spider, an alternative version of the comic book superhero Spider-Man

title: Sunspider


text:
Apostolic Constitutions

The Apostolic Constitutions or Constitutions of the Holy Apostles (Latin: Constitutiones Apostolorum) is a Christian collection divided into eight books which is classified among the Church Orders, a genre of early Christian literature, that offered authoritative pseudo-apostolic prescriptions on moral conduct, liturgy and Church organization. The work can be dated from 375 to 380 AD. The provenance is usually regarded as Syria, probably Antioch. The author is unknown, although since James Ussher it has often considered to be the author of the letters of Pseudo-Ignatius, perhaps the 4th-century Eunomian bishop Julian of Cilicia.

Content
The Apostolic Constitutions contains eight books on Early Christian discipline, worship, and doctrine, apparently intended to serve as a manual of guidance for the clergy, and to some extent for the laity. It purports to be the work of the Twelve Apostles, whether given by them as individuals or as a body.

The structure of the Apostolic Constitutions can be summarized:
 * Books 1 to 6 are a free re-wording of the Didascalia Apostolorum, an earlier work of the same genre.
 * Book 7 is partially based on the Didache. Chapters 33-45 of book 7 contain prayers similar to Jewish prayers used in synagogues.
 * Book 8 is a more complex section composed as follows:
 * chapters 1-2 contain an extract of a lost treatise on the charismata
 * chapters 3-46 are based on the Apostolic Tradition, greatly expanded, along with other material
 * chapter 47 is known as the Canons of the Apostles and it had a wider circulation than the rest of the book.

The best manuscript, Vatican gr 1506, has Arian leanings, which are not found in other manuscripts because this material would have been censured as heretical.

The Apostolic Constitutions is an important source for the history of the liturgy in the Antiochene rite. It contains an outline of an anaphora in book two, a full anaphora in book seven (which is an expansion of the one found in the Didache), and the complete Liturgy of the eighth book of the Apostolic Constitutions, which is the oldest known form that can be described as a complete divine liturgy.

Influence
In antiquity, the Apostolic Constitutions were mistakenly supposed to be gathered and handed down by Clement of Rome, the authority of whose name gave weight to more than one such piece of early Christian literature (see also Clementine literature).

The Apostolic Constitutions were rejected as apocryphal by the Decretum Gelasianum, and the 692 Quinisext Council rejected most of the work as heretical interpolations. Eastern Christianity accepted only part of Book 8, known as the Canons of the Apostles. Nevertheless, the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia describes the Constitutions as held in "high esteem" in antiquity, and as the basis for significant amounts of canon law.

The Apostolic Constitutions were accepted as canonical by John of Damascus and, in a modified form, included in the 81 book canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

Even if the text of the Apostolic Constitutions was extant in many libraries during the Middle Ages, it was largely ignored. In 1546 a Latin version of a text was found in Crete and published. The first complete edition of the Greek text was printed in 1563 by Turrianus.

William Whiston in the 18th century devoted the third volume of his Primitive Christianity Revived to prove that "they are the most sacred of the canonical books of the New Testament; "for "these sacred Christian laws or constitutions were delivered at Jerusalem, and in Mount Sion, by our Saviour to the eleven apostles there assembled after His resurrection."

Today the Apostolic Constitutions are regarded as a highly significant historical document, as they reveal the moral and religious conditions, as well as the liturgical observances of 3rd and 4th centuries. They are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers collection.

Canons of the Apostles
The forty-seventh and last chapter of the eighth book of the Apostolic Constitutions contains the eighty-five Canons of the Apostles, which present themselves as being from an apostolic Council at Antioch. These canons were later approved by the Eastern Council in Trullo in 692 but rejected by Pope Constantine. In the Latin Church only fifty of these canons circulated, translated to Latin by Dionysius Exiguus on about 500 AD, and included in the Western collections and afterwards in the Corpus Juris Canonici.

Canon n. 85 is a list of canonical books: a 46-book Old Testament canon which essentially corresponds to that of the Septuagint, 26 books of what is now the New Testament (excludes Revelation), two Epistles of Clement, and the Apostolic Constitutions themselves, also here attributed to Clement, at least as compiler.

Epitome of the eighth book
It is also known as the Epitome, and usually named Epitome of the eighth Book of the Apostolic Constitutions (or sometime titled The Constitutions of the Holy Apostles concerning ordination through Hippolytus or simply The Constitutions through Hippolytus) containing a re-wording of chapters 1–2, 4–5, 16–28, 30–34, 45-46 of the eighth book. The text was first published by Paul de Lagarde in 1856 and later by Franz Xaver von Funk in 1905. This epitome could be a later extract even if in parts it looks nearer to the Greek original of the Apostolic Tradition, from which the 8th book is derived, than the Apostolic Constitutions themselves.

title: Apostolic Constitutions


text:
User talk:Nathan8225

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nathan8225


text:
Talk:Christian worship

May 2008
I've been doing some editing to contemporary worship and have linked it in here. I renamed the "contemporary" section "present day" to avoid any confusion, and also deleted a paragraph that was rather biased. I added a reference for my addition, which looks rather lonely as there aren't any others in this whole article! But I'm not an expert on matters relating to worship outside of contemporary evangelicalism so can't help here.

I have to say that the "present day" section seems extremely POV and probably needs a complete rewrite, but I'm not the person to do it. Also, I couldn't help noticing that all the photos in this article are of very "traditional" styles of worship featuring elaborate vestments, icons, and altars. I don't have any statistics, but I would say that this is completely unrepresentative of christian worship today. It's also very western-centric and omits, for example, african, asian, and latin american christianity. I hope someone will be able to correct this bias. Sidefall (talk) 15:39, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

I removed one image that was linked on several other pages and replaced it with a picture of a contemporary worship band. I'd rather have something that showed a congregation as well, but couldn't find anything suitable. I think this helps correct the POV in the photos, but I still think better pictures are needed. Sidefall (talk) 16:25, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

I've reverted a couple of edits by an unregistered user, who had removed the picture of a worship band and included some text which I felt wasn't NPOV. Sidefall (talk) 04:29, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

I've also reverted a couple more edits by a (different) unregistered user that replaced the worship band picture with one of a methodist communion service. I have nothing against methodist communions, but the photo wasn't vastly different to others in this article and didn't really suggest anything readily identifiable as worship in the 21st century. Whether you approve or not, the most notable aspect of worship in recent years has been the widespread shift to contemporary music and worship bands, which is why I feel that this photo is most relevant. (I would prefer one of a band in a church, but couldn't find one). Would appreciate discussion is you feel differently. Sidefall (talk) 07:44, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Introduction
Does anyone else thing the introduction to this article is almost meaningless? I'm not even sure if it's proper english; I'm not a theologian, but I thought at least the first few paragraphs of an article should be comprehensible to lay-people!!!

review needed
Hi folks, as I just work at the :de version de:Lobpreis und Anbetung, I see that several informations given in this article are simply incorrect. Especially the first three chapters just do not come to the point of genuine worship, but seem to confuse "worship" with "prayer", "Liturgy" end even "eucharisty" (all topics have to do with "worship", but in scietific theological literature it is exactly pointed out in what way, and such literature is not listed at the "references"). Theologically the nearest topic is Doxology, but even this article does not contain the Old/New Testament worship prayers (Mt 6,13; Lk 2,14; Apc 4,11.19.1) which are the biblical main reference to this topic. Unfortunately my English is just too bad that I could manage a review here, but it should be done definitely. --(de):Athanasian (talk) 19:54, 17 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I just learned, according to theological literature, that "worship" does not only mean "Doxology", but almost everything that happens in service except preaching. So indeed it seems to be a synonyme to "liturgy". Is that correct? Then we have the interwiki problem that the usual german translation to "worship" does not mean exactly the same... --(de):Athanasian (talk) 19:44, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

reviewed, a low quality item in fact
Yes, I agree, this article is in need of a 50% rewrite at least. There are just too many problems. And the modern musical worship seems to be wagging the article. History2007 (talk) 22:34, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Issue with redirecting "Worship Leader"
I don't understand why Worship leader was redirected to Contemporary worship. "Worship leader" is a term still in wide use in mainline Protestant worship (at least in the United States) for the person who reads prayers and scripture. Now many Evangelical churches use "worship leader" for the head musician, but it's not the only meaning. Conflating "Worship leader" with "Contemporary worship" shows favoritism to one group over others and seems biased. --Tpoling (talk) 05:35, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Good point. On Contemporary worship there is a section for Worship leader. It can be expanded to include other viewpoints -- and if it gets big enough, it could be split off into its own article. --Musdan77 (talk) 05:01, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Why is the Greek word for worship used for others than Jesus and God?
Why is the Greek word for worship used for others than Jesus and God in Revelations 3:9 and Joseph in the Septuagint? Translating proskeneu as worship for Jesus and bowing down for others, imposes a theological bias of particular translators which should be kept free of on this type of forum. Moreover, the article fails to mention any other words used for worship in the Greek because the only word used for worship (in regards to Jesus) in the Greek is proskeneu. If others do exist, then please provide references. DocMando (talk) 01:37, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

Nolige
Who are christain 111.119.183.55 (talk) 15:22, 26 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christian worship


text:
EX-Girl

eX-Girl is a Japanese female noise rock trio. The band's lineup currently consists of Kirilola (bass, vocals), Hiromi (drums, vocals) and Yuka (guitar, vocals).

Overview
They claim to hail from the planet Kero Kero. They are described as psychedelic, space rock, jazz fusion, jagged alternating vocal harmonies, sugary synthesiser pop, punk, prog, epic/atmospheric, noise-rock, wavering three-part a cappella, borderline operatic vocals, often in the space of a single song. Live performances are known to include home-made costumes, synchronised robot dancing and frog-related items. Enthusiastic supporters include Mike Patton and Jello Biafra:

"eX-Girl are a beautiful example of information overload. Jagged 3 part vocal harmonies, adventurous arrangements, and songs that hook you like the sucker that you are. Take all of these treats, wrap it in an ultra-bright technicolor live show with surreal homemade costumes, and you've got the sensation of being strapped in on an out-of-control carnival ride that will leave you standing in line waiting for another turn."

History
eX-Girl was founded in 1997. Its original members were Chihiro, Kirilo and Fuzuki. Regardless of the members' non-existing musical experience, their career started off quickly as they began touring and released their debut album within a year from creating the band, all safely under the wings of the famous producer/keyboardist Hoppy Kamiyama.

In 1999, the band performed at the Japan Nite event at SXSW in Austin, Texas. Around this time Virgin Mega Store and Tower Records noticed eX-Girl and did their part in marketing the new album ''Kero! Kero! Kero!''.

The a cappella album Big When Far, Small When Close was released in 2000 via Kirilo's own label Kikipoo Records. At the same time eX-Girl released their previous album in Europe, which brought the band to tour the continent for the first time. In July, they toured together with Fantômas, with the help of Mike Patton (Faith No More). The band performed in Finland from October to November.

The group returned to Europe again in 2001, playing at big events such as Denmark's Roskilde Festival. At the end of the year, they had their first ever change of line-up as Chihiro quit and Keiko (of Super Junky Monkey) picked up the spot of being eX-Girl's guitarist. Before the change though, the original members had a project named PUNK LADY, where they covered Pink Lady's biggest hits. eX-Girl, with the new line-up, toured again in Finland in 2002, before having the chance to support Siouxsie and the Banshees on its tours both in the US and the UK. This had a positive effect on their popularity.

The line-up continued to change. Drummer Fuzuki left eX-Girl in 2003, replaced by Chapple. Kirilo changed her name to Kirilola and Keiko changed hers to Keikos. The American-based label Alternative Tentacles released the next album Endangered Species, during which the band used another guitarist named Zorek, though only on tour. The album was completed by Keiko's guitar. When Keiko returned, the drummer changed once again. Despite the changes, the band continued touring in the United States, but time inevitably brought more changes. By the beginning of the year 2006, Kirilola had changed her position from bass to guitar, and the new member Laan Zukioh was the new bassist. Later in the summer, Bonb-Chu was found to fulfill his position as drummer. With this new line-up the group started their new world tour in October 2006.

By the summer of 2007, the band flew to Northern Europe and held seven performances over the span of two months. Shortly after this final tour, the band announced they would be taking an indefinite hiatus. The band went dormant in 2007. In 2018, Kirilola announced on their web site that she had reformed the band after returning from climbing Mt. Hakusan to discover a U.S. record label, Secret Records, wanted to reprint Kero Kero Kero on vinyl. Inspired by this, Kirilola searched for two new members and announced their first reunion show in 11 years at Kichijoji GB in Kichijoji, Tokyo on October 18, 2018.

The band's only remaining original member, Kirilola, has several ongoing music-related projects. The artist has taken part in Kamiyama's artistic projects with her singing, playing and dancing, and in 2004, she released spiritual healing music under the project name Akasau. This album was recorded together with several musicians, the main one being Renge, who plays traditional Japanese bells. In 2009, Kirilola presented her solo "Nuriemaki" performances, with costumes based on kimono and folk outfits and accompanied by traditional Japanese instruments.

In March 2019, eX-Girl performed at SXSW in Austin, Texas.

Current lineup

 * Kirilo/Kirilola - Bassist, synth player, vocalist and co-writer of all material with band manager/producer Hoppy Kamiyama. The only remaining original member left, she tends to be the leading figure of the group and comes up with most of their costume designs.
 * Keikos - Guitarist and vocalist. Her entrance into the band brought a meatier guitar and more aggressive guitar sound, most likely due to her time in Super Junky Monkey.  Replaced Chihiro, departed, returned to the fold again.
 * Yoko - Drums and vocals. The latest addition to the eX-Girl lineup, replacing Chapple.

Previous members

 * Chapple - Former drummer and vocalist, she replaced Fuzuki and departed sometime in 2005. Her difficulty with the English language did not stop her from resonating charisma with her impeccable drumming and tendency to rarely refrain from smiling.
 * Zorek - Former guitarist and vocalist. Replaced Keikos afterward.  Departed from the band when Keikos returned.  The more intricate guitar player of the band.
 * Fuzuki - Former drummer and vocalist. The original drummer for eX-Girl, she had a troglodytic sound due playing a stand-up kit setup.  When behind a traditional kit, was known to belt the floor tom with her stick.
 * Chihiro - Former guitarist and vocalist. The original guitarist who was not afraid to experiment despite her limited experience with the instrument.

Albums

 * Heppoco Pou (1998)
 * Kero! Kero! Kero! (1999)
 * Big When Far, Small When Close (2000)
 * Back to the Mono Kero (2001)
 * Endangered Species (2004)

Best of

 * Revenge of Kero Kero (2000)

Singles/EPs

 * "Disco 3000" (2000), 12-inch vinyl picture disc, released in US only.
 * "Pop Muzik" (2001), a cover version of the 1979 song by M.
 * "Luna Rose" (2002)

Other works

 * The Legend of the Waterbreakers (1999), Kiki Poo Records - a film by Naoko Nozawa, starring eX-Girl, produced by Hoppy Kamiyama

title: EX-Girl


text:
Bullet for My Valentine

Bullet for My Valentine, often abbreviated as BFMV, are a Welsh heavy metal band from Bridgend, formed in 1998. The band is currently composed of Matthew Tuck (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Michael Paget (lead guitar, backing vocals), Jason Bowld (drums) and Jamie Mathias (bass guitar, backing vocals). Former members include Michael Thomas, Jason James and Nick Crandle; the latter were on bass. They were formed under the name Jeff Killed John and started their music career by covering songs by Metallica and Nirvana. Jeff Killed John recorded six songs which were not released; two of these tracks were reworked later in their career as Bullet for My Valentine. A change of style from that of Jeff Killed John led the band to change their name. In 2002, the band secured a five-album deal with Sony BMG. The band has stated that their music is influenced by classic metal acts such as Metallica, Iron Maiden and Slayer. The band is part of the Cardiff music scene.

Bullet for My Valentine's debut album The Poison was released on 3 October 2005 in the United Kingdom and on 14 February 2006 in the United States to coincide with Valentine's Day, in a nod to the band's name. The album entered the U.S. Billboard 200 at number 128. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The band made appearances at the Download Festival and Kerrang! XXV, and undertook a U.S. tour with Rob Zombie. Bullet for My Valentine's second studio album, Scream Aim Fire, was released on 28 January 2008 and debuted at number four on the Billboard 200. The band's third album, Fever, was released on 26 April 2010 and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. On 8 February 2013, the band released their fourth studio album, Temper Temper, which peaked at number 13 on the Billboard 200. On 14 August 2015, the band released their fifth studio album, Venom, which peaked at number 8 on the Billboard 200. On 29 June 2018, the band released their sixth studio album, Gravity. Their self-titled seventh studio album was released on 5 November 2021. The band has sold over one million albums in the United States and over 3,000,000 albums worldwide and are the most-successful act in the Kerrang! Awards category of Best British Band with three wins.

Jeff Killed John and record deal (1998–2005)
Jeff Killed John was the forerunner band to Bullet for My Valentine and was formed in 1998 by Matthew Tuck, Michael "Padge" Paget, Nick Crandle, and Michael "Moose" Thomas while studying music at Bridgend College. They started playing Nirvana and Metallica cover songs. In 1999, the band released their first ever EP, Better Off Alone. They released another two-track EP in 2002, You/Play with Me, which was produced by Greg Haver. The EP was financed through the Pynci scheme for new Welsh musicians and the release garnered radio airplay on BBC Radio 1's broadcast at Newport's T.J.'s. Shortly after, the band released another two-track EP titled Eye Spy. In 2003, their second EP was released titled Don't Walk Away. This was a promotional CD and was shipped to different record companies, as well as being given out locally in Bridgend. Bassist Crandle left the band on the eve of entering the recording sessions for the band's self-titled EP and was replaced by Jason James, and the band changed their name to Bullet for My Valentine shortly thereafter. In late 2003, they released their final EP before record labels actually began to notice their potential. This happened due to the sudden change in their strategy and sound, which the band claims came "directly out of their heads." Their self-titled EP consisted of five songs; most of the songs became precursors of tracks from The Poison.

Roadrunner Records showed interest in Bullet for My Valentine and offered the band a deal. The offer was ultimately turned down, and the band signed a five-album record deal with Sony BMG and a UK licensing deal with Visible Noise. According to Tuck, they chose Sony because, "We thought that a lot more doors would be open to us." A self-titled EP was released on 15 November 2004 in the UK. Produced by Colin Richardson, it featured five tracks and marked the band's first official release. A second EP, Hand of Blood, was released on 22 August 2005 through Trustkill Records and was only available in the U.S.; the release contained one extra track than the self-titled EP, "4 Words (To Choke Upon)." Daniel Lukes of Decibel Magazine reviewed the EP by stating, "The worst part is that the music itself isn't all that bad, for the genre." He went on to comment that the band should be "embarrassed" about the release. Zero Magazine's Josh Joyce complimented the band on "how technical they can get without confusing the kids."

The Poison (2005–2007)
Bullet for My Valentine's debut album, The Poison, was released on 3 October 2005 in the UK and on Valentine's Day 2006 in the US. It entered the Billboard 200 at number 128, and attained number 11 on the Independent Albums chart. On 30 January 2009, the album was certified gold by the RIAA after 500,000 copies were sold in the US. Four singles were released from The Poison: "4 Words (To Choke Upon)", "Suffocating Under Words of Sorrow (What Can I Do)", "All These Things I Hate (Revolve Around Me)", and "Tears Don't Fall". Bullet for My Valentine promoted the album by touring across the world. In 2005, with increased popularity, they played on the larger Download Festival Snickers stage; in 2006, the band were moved to near the top of the main stage bill. Other tours included opening for Metallica and Guns N' Roses in the summer of 2006, the Vans Warped Tour and Earthday Birthday.

The band's headline performance at Kerrang XXV, a one-off gig at Brixton Academy in London on 28 January 2006, was filmed for their first DVD, The Poison: Live at Brixton. During June 2007, Tuck suffered from laryngitis, which led to an emergency tonsillectomy in July. Bullet for My Valentine were forced to cancel several shows, including supporting Metallica for three dates on their Sick of the Studio '07 tour on 29 June in Bilbao, 5 July in Vienna, and 8 July at the recently completed Wembley Stadium in London. Unable to speak, Tuck wrote that as soon as doctors cleared him he would be in the studio working on the band's next album.

Scream Aim Fire (2007–2008)
The band's second studio album, Scream Aim Fire, was recorded at Sonic Ranch Studios and was produced by Colin Richardson. Tuck commented at the time, "It's a lot more up tempo, a lot more aggressive." The album was released on 28 January 2008. It sold 53,000 copies in its first week and peaked at number four on the Billboard 200. Three songs were released as singles: "Scream Aim Fire," "Hearts Burst into Fire," and "Waking the Demon."

In support of the new album, the band toured North America and Australia in the spring of 2008 for the Taste of Chaos tour alongside Atreyu, Blessthefall, and Avenged Sevenfold. Bullet for My Valentine cut short the Canada portion of the tour and flew back home to support the daughter of James who was in hospital. The band performed in North America again in the summer of 2008 as part of the No Fear Tour with Bleeding Through, Cancer Bats and Black Tide. In late 2008, the band toured Europe, supported by Lacuna Coil, Bleeding Through, and Black Tide. In December 2008, Scream Aim Fire was re-released with four bonus tracks that were recorded during the album's studio sessions, but with re-recorded vocal-lines.

Fever (2009–2011)
Matt Tuck spoke to Daniel Marez of Metal Hammer in March 2009 about the band's progress on writing and recording their third album. Tuck stated that there were four or five songs that were finished and that "usually we write and record 14 tracks that I then have to write vocal lines for, but this time I'm trying to write the vocals as I write the music." Bullet for My Valentine confirmed in August 2009 that they were aiming for an early 2010 release for the new album, while Tuck stated that the upcoming record is "a lot more mature-sounding, it's a lot more classic. It'll stand the test of time [more] than both the previous things we've done." In a January 2010 interview with Rock Sound, Tuck stated explained details for the album: it would be titled Fever, and the 11-track record would have a sound closer to The Poison rather than Scream Aim Fire and contain no ballads.

During the summer of 2009, Bullet for My Valentine toured across the United States as part of the Mayhem Festival,  alongside Killswitch Engage, Slayer and Marilyn Manson on the main stage;   they also appeared on the UK leg of the Sonisphere tour at Knebworth, headlining the second stage. The band headlined the second stage at the Download Festival 2010 on the Friday night. The band was also confirmed for Nova Rock, Metaltown, Rock am Ring, Rock on the Range, The Bamboozle, Bilbao Live Festival, Fortarock and Graspop. In addition, Bullet for My Valentine also played alongside the Big Four on the Greek leg of Sonisphere. Fever was released on 27 April 2010. A free download of a new track called "Begging For Mercy" was released on the band's website on 14 February 2010 as part of a Twitter promotion. The song "Your Betrayal" was chosen as the lead single for the album and was released to radio on 8 March 2010. The second single is called "The Last Fight" and was released on 19 April 2010. The album artwork for this studio album was released on the official website on 5 March 2010. Bullet for My Valentine announced the start their US tour in support of Fever. It began on 30 April with the bands Airbourne and Chiodos as support. On 12 March 2010, the band released the music videos for "The Last Fight" and "Your Betrayal." The band revealed the track listing on 15 March 2010. On 26 April the band played a secret show in London to celebrate the release of Fever. This was their only UK headline show until the end of the year. The third single is called "Bittersweet Memories" and was released on 25 November 2010 with a music video.

Temper Temper (2012–2013)
On 28 January 2011, Michael Paget stated that the group had already drawn proportions for the next studio album and will sound a lot like Fever. He followed-along with stating that the band plans to have the songs for it written within 2011 and will begin recording the album by the end of the year. A couple tracks left from the Fever sessions might be re-done, re-arranged and re-recorded for the new record. The band played at Uproar Festival 2011, after which they began writing material for a fourth studio album. On 7 October 2011, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, the band (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release their future material (including their next studio album) on the RCA Records brand. Also in October, frontman Matt Tuck announced that he will be working on a new side project which he has described as "metal as fuck", influenced by bands such as Pantera and Slipknot. On 1 May 2012 it was revealed that the project would be called AxeWound, and featured Liam Cormier (Cancer Bats), Mike Kingswood (Glamour of the Kill), Joe Copcutt (Rise to Remain), and Jason Bowld (Pitchshifter). In May 2012, it was announced that Bullet for My Valentine would be playing at the South African music festival Oppikoppi, as well as a once-off gig in Cape Town alongside Seether and Enter Shikari. They were slated to play in the country for the Coke Zero Fest of 2009, but pulled out at the last minute to record Fever. It was confirmed on 6 August 2012 that the final recording session of the band's fourth studio record was complete, and that the album would be out sometime in late 2012. Later that month on the 17th, the second line-up for the Australian music festival Soundwave was announced, containing Bullet for My Valentine.

Bullet for My Valentine released the track "Temper Temper" on 22 October 2012. On 12 November 2012, the band released a music video for the song. The release date was confirmed to be 12 February 2013. The band premiered the song "Temper Temper" at Radio 1 Rocks where they were the headlining act. On 17 December 2012, the second single, "Riot" was released. On 24 May 2013, "P.O.W." was released the album's third single. On 7 June 2013, "Breaking Point" was released the album's fourth single.

The band began touring in support of Temper Temper on 10 February 2013, and finished the tour on 3 November 2013. The tenth show of the tour, held at Birmingham's O2 Academy, was filmed by music video website Moshcam.com.

Venom (2013–2015)
In an interview, Matt Tuck said that Bullet for My Valentine were going to start work on a new album before the Rule Britannia Tour, which took place between 1 and 6 December 2013 in which the band played arenas in Britain supported by Young Guns and Asking Alexandria. In the interview Matt also said that they were strongly considering working with Terry Date, who has worked with bands such as Pantera and Deftones. He also said the band would bring back the thrash metal elements from Scream Aim Fire.

In November 2013, Bullet for My Valentine revealed though their Facebook page they were working on a new song. A short snippet of the song, titled "Raising Hell," was released on Matt Tuck's Vine profile on the 15th. The song was first played three days later via BBC Radio 1's Rock Show. It was made available for streaming and a music video for the song was released a week later.

In 2014, Matt announced on Twitter that the band were entering the studio to record a fifth album. On 28 August 2014,the band appeared on paranormal television show Most Haunted for an investigation at the Newton House in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire.

In an interview with Kerrang! on 21 January 2015, Matt revealed that Bullet for My Valentine will be hitting the studio next month with producer Colin Richardson who produced both The Poison and Scream Aim Fire, rather than Terry Date, who was the suggested producer initially. Tuck also said that their fifth album will be their heaviest album yet. On 9 February 2015, Bullet for My Valentine announced the departure of bassist Jason James, adding that they would announce a replacement when they felt "the time was right." They went on to say that until the announcement, they'd be busy and focused on recording their new record.

The band released the song "No Way Out" on 18 May 2015. The band also revealed their fifth studio album to be titled Venom and their new bassist was going to be Jamie Mathias, formerly of metal band Revoker. Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,  the same day an expansive UK tour was announced. It was also revealed that Bullet for My Valentine will headline London's Camden Rocks festival which takes place on 30 May 2015. On 29 June 2015, the band released the third single from the album "You Want a Battle? (Here's a War)". On 16 October 2015, the band released a video for the song, title track. On 8 February 2016, the band released a video for the song, "Worthless".

Gravity (2016–2020)
In 2016, Bullet for My Valentine announced that drummer Michael Thomas would sit out for a few months to be with his wife as they were expecting their first child. Jason Bowld, former drummer of Pitchshifter and Tuck's bandmate from AxeWound, became Thomas' replacement. In April, they signed a new worldwide deal with Spinefarm Records. Matt Tuck later tweeted "Here we go again. #BFMV6" which implied the band had started working on their sixth effort. Later in the year, the band released a new single titled "Don't Need You". A music video was released with the video as well. At the end of 2017, Michael Thomas was replaced by Jason Bowld full-time.

On 1 April 2018, the band debuted a new song, "Over It", on BBC Radio 1. The song was the first single off their sixth studio album, Gravity, which was confirmed for release on 29 June 2018. On 26 April 2018, the song "Piece of Me" was released. On 18 May 2018, the band released another new song, "Letting You Go", and released a music video for the song on 3 June 2018. On 15 October 2018, the band released a music video for the track "Not Dead Yet".

Self-titled seventh album (2020–present)
On 19 May 2020, in an interview with Rock Sound, Tuck announced that the band was in the process of writing a new album. After several mixed-to-negative reviews by critics on Gravity, they decided to working on a new record which would be 'heavier' compared to the latest album. However, the production of the upcoming release, confirmed to be once again produced by Carl Bown, has been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tuck commented about the upcoming album: "So it's not ideal, and we did have a lot of plans for the rest of the year for writing and making the record, which are on the backburner now until further notice. [...] It's pretty brutal, to be honest. It couldn't be more of a contrast with Gravity in a ferocious style. It's very technical. [...] The riffs are crushing. There's probably 60 percent aggressive vocals, 40 [percent] clean, which is a ratio we've never really dabbled with before. [...] It's very heavy, it's very technical. For the Bullet fans out there that kind of like that side of this band, it's very cool and very exciting. It feels good."

On 11 June 2021, Bullet for My Valentine unveiled a new Patreon page, The Army of Noise, posting that it is "the only place to get the latest BFMV news, early tix, BTS, merch discounts and exclusive items, signed gifts and more. Plus, a portion of each sub goes to the Teenage Cancer Trust." On 15 June 2021, ahead of their headline slot at this weekend's Download Pilot, the band announced that they are planning to release new music on Friday, 18 June, with a 30-second video teaser hinting at some potentially heavy new music. On that day, the band officially released the new single "Knives" along with its music video. At the same time, they officially announced that their self-titled seventh studio album was set for release on 22 October 2021 while also revealed the album cover and the track list. On 23 July 2021, the band released the second single "Parasite" and its corresponding music video. On 10 September 2021, the band released the third single "Shatter" alongside an accompanying music video. On 20 September 2021, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and manufacturing delays, the band announced that they pushed back the release of the album to 5 November 2021. On 1 October 2021, one month before the album release, the band released the fourth single "Rainbow Veins". On 8 April 2022, the band released the fifth single "Omen" while also announcing the deluxe edition of the album which is set to be released on 8 July 2022. At the same time, the band officially revealed the album cover and the track list. On 30 April 2022, the band delayed the release of the deluxe edition from 8 July 2022 to 5 August 2022. On 27 May 2022, the group unveiled another single "Stitches". On 29 July 2022, their seventh single, "No More Tears to Cry", was released.

Musical style and influences
Bullet for My Valentine has been described as metalcore,  heavy metal,  melodic metalcore,  thrash metal, hard rock,  emo, screamo, and post-hardcore. According to Decibel, Bullet for My Valentine's music consists of " 'heavy metal' leads" and " 'post-hardcore' vocals". According to AllMusic, Bullet for My Valentine blend "muscular riffs and emo harmonies" and also "take cues from '80s metal bands and punk-infused metal to make melodic, metallic, dark rock songs." The band describe two of their albums, The Poison and Fever, as having a "super dark" tone. Before they were known as Bullet for My Valentine, Jeff Killed John's music followed the nu metal trend set by bands such as Korn and Limp Bizkit. The band then changed their name to Bullet for My Valentine and reworked their musical strategy; they decided to play heavy metal songs with "harmony guitars and big angelic choruses," according to Matthew Tuck.

Tuck personally said of the band's sound that "...we're a hard rock band with metal influences, and I've said that from day one." Kirk Miller of Decibel praised the band for the effort in synchronised song structures. When asked of their views on their looks, members of the band have stated that they would not change their sound or image for a commercial approach; Tuck also said, "Without sounding harsh, we're more interested in what our music sounds like than what our fucking hair looks like." Matt Tuck told Exclaim! : "A lot of people already think we're more of an emo band just because of the name of the band. People need to give the music a fair listen musically before they decide to judge it. I say we're a melodic metal band, really. That's how I'd describe us." Tuck said he prefers people call Bullet for My Valentine a heavy metal band instead of categorizing the band under specific subgenres. Jeff Treppel of MetalSucks described the band's first two albums as "solid examples of poppy metalcore." In an interview with Robert Gray from Ultimate-Guitar in 2010, Tuck said that when making the album Scream Aim Fire, Bullet for My Valentine were bothered by critics and journalists who criticized the band and said the band aren't "real metal". Tuck said that the band tried to please people like critics and journalists with Scream Aim Fire. Tuck said: "Scream Aim Fire was an album we wrote to try to prove people wrong, and wasn't an album we made for ourselves. Fever is an album that was a hundred percent us; we didn't listen to anyone's opinions, what critics' opinions were, or what people thought we should do, or how we should sound." Tuck also said about Scream Aim Fire: "Some of it was written a hundred percent for us, but we tried a little bit too hard to be metal when we should've just carried on doing what we did really - like we did on all of The Poison material." When Tuck was asked if he defines Bullet for My Valentine as a heavy metal band or a hard rock band, Tuck said: "I dunno. I could say both, to be honest. Regardless of what I say, people are gonna think differently, so it doesn't really matter. People label us in genres all the time which aren't accurate, or a true representation, which shows that some people aren't really paying attention. People can call it whatever they want, whether they like it or don't like it."

Bullet for My Valentine's influences include Judas Priest, Def Leppard, Mötley Crüe, Pantera, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Testament, Stuck Mojo, Megadeth, Slayer, Machine Head, Sepultura, Nirvana, Guns N' Roses, Queen, Led Zeppelin, and Dire Straits. According to Michael Thomas, these are the bands that inspire Bullet for My Valentine's "catchy vocals, aggressive riffs and melodies," Matt Tuck has stated in an interview, his songwriting is highly influenced by Bruce Springsteen, Bob Seger and Bob Dylan. He goes on to say that "these bands just are proper old school songwriters."

Band members
Current members
 * Matthew "Matt" Tuck – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1998–present) ; studio bass (2003–2015)
 * Michael "Padge" Paget – lead guitar, backing vocals (1998–present)
 * Jamie Mathias – bass, backing vocals (2015–present)
 * Jason Bowld – drums, percussion (2017–present; touring member 2016–2017)

Former members
 * Nick Crandle – bass (1998–2003)
 * Jason "Jay" James – live bass, backing vocals (2003–2015)
 * Michael "Moose" Thomas – drums, percussion (1998–2016)

Timeline

Discography
Studio albums
 * The Poison (2005)
 * Scream Aim Fire (2008)
 * Fever (2010)
 * Temper Temper (2013)
 * Venom (2015)
 * Gravity (2018)
 * Bullet for My Valentine (2021)

Kerrang! Awards
!Ref.
 * 2005
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best British Newcomer
 * Won
 * align="center"|
 * rowspan="4"|2006
 * "Tears Don't Fall"
 * Best Single
 * Won
 * align="center"|
 * rowspan="2"|"Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best British Band
 * Nominated
 * style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|
 * Best Live Band
 * Nominated
 * The Poison
 * Best Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="4"|2008
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best British Band
 * Won
 * align="center"|
 * rowspan="2"|"Waking the Demon"
 * Best Single
 * Nominated
 * style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|
 * Best Video
 * Nominated
 * Scream Aim Fire
 * Best Album
 * Nominated
 * 2009
 * rowspan="3"|"Bullet for My Valentine"
 * rowspan="2"|Best British Band
 * Won
 * rowspan="3"|2010
 * Won
 * style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|
 * Best Live Band
 * Won
 * Fever
 * Best Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="4"|2011
 * "Your Betrayal"
 * Best Single
 * Nominated
 * style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|
 * Fever
 * Best British Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="3"|"Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Live
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|Best British Band
 * Nominated
 * 2012
 * Nominated
 * align="center"|
 * 2013
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Live Band
 * Nominated
 * align="center"|
 * Fever
 * Best British Album
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="3"|"Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Live
 * Nominated
 * rowspan="2"|Best British Band
 * Nominated
 * 2012
 * Nominated
 * align="center"|
 * 2013
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Live Band
 * Nominated
 * align="center"|
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Live Band
 * Nominated
 * align="center"|

Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards
!Ref.
 * 2006
 * rowspan="3"|"Bullet for My Valentine"
 * rowspan="3"|Best UK Band
 * Won
 * 2010
 * Won
 * 2013
 * Nominated
 * Won
 * 2013
 * Nominated
 * 2013
 * Nominated

Welsh Music Awards
!Ref.
 * 2004
 * "Bullet for My Valentine"
 * Best Newcomer
 * Won
 * Won

title: Bullet for My Valentine


text:
Harry Steenbock

Harry Steenbock (August 16, 1886 – December 25, 1967) was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Steenbock graduated from Wisconsin in 1916, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity.

Vitamin D
Steenbock was born in Charlestown, Wisconsin, and grew up on a model farm outside New Holstein, Wisconsin. His graduate advisor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, was Edwin B. Hart. His first publication reported the results of the single-grain experiment on which he assisted with Hart and Stephen Moulton Babcock. During his graduate career, Steenbock also served as an assistant in the lab of Elmer McCollum. When McCollum and another assistant Marguerite Davis published their discovery of what came to be called vitamin A, Steenbock thought he deserved more credit than he received. Steenbock carried on the vitamin A work in Madison, after McCollum accepted an offer from Johns Hopkins University.

In 1923, Steenbock demonstrated that irradiation by ultraviolet light increased the vitamin D content of foods and other organic materials. After irradiating rodent food, Steenbock discovered that the rodents were cured of rickets. It is now known that vitamin D deficiency is a cause of rickets.

Using $300 of his own money, Steenbock patented his invention. Steenbock's irradiation technique was used for food stuffs, but most memorably for milk. By the expiration of the patent in 1945, rickets had all but been eliminated.

WARF
After receiving his patent, the Quaker Oats company offered $1 million (approximately $10 million today) for Steenbock's vitamin D technology. Steenbock thought twice about the offer. Instead of quickly selling his rights to a commercial company, Steenbock believed the money should be returned to the university.

After soliciting interest from nine other University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni, Steenbock was influential in starting the first university technology transfer office, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF). WARF's initial operating budget was $900, one hundred dollars from each of the nine alumni.

On February 19, 1927, WARF completed its first licensing agreement with the Quaker Oats company. The license permitted Quaker Oats to fortify its breakfast cereals with vitamin D. WARF went on to license the technology to pharmaceutical companies for a medical application, which was known as Viosterol.

Death and legacy
Steenbock died in Madison, Wisconsin on December 25, 1967. He was buried at Forest Hill Cemetery.

The University of Wisconsin-Madison's Steenbock Memorial Library is named in his honor.

title: Harry Steenbock


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vladimir Petrovich Trubetskoy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep, no consensus. Dmcdevit·t 05:30, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Vladimir Petrovich Trubetskoy
Delete (see below): Can not verify; there's one page on the net with this person's name on it. Furthermore, the university's directory does not seem to think this person works there. Also, the article contains virtually no content except links to other future articles. Lastly, appears to fail WP:BIO. --Durin 15:28, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Also note that an earlier version of the article contained text copy/pasted from another website, and the article was copyvio'd. Then the contributor removed the text, leaving it as it now stands and removing the copyvio notice. --Durin 15:33, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Uhg. This is a mess (or not?). Have a look at Troubetzkoy. Try going to any of the articles listed under the generation sections, such as Iwan Symeonowicz Trubczewski, Roman Trubczewski, and Jerzy Trubczewski. These various articles are similar to the article I've listed here for VfD. The articles contain virtually nothing but a single line indicating they are/were a prince, and a bunch of links to indicate where in the genealogical tree they lie. One, possibly more, of these people have something of interest about them in the article: Sergei Petrovich Troubetzkoy for example. Most have virtually nothing. Looking under WP:NOT, specifically Genealogical entries, it seems like this whole set of articles might be candidates for deletion. The only thing that might separate it is the fact these are nobles. Perhaps all of the articles on these nobles that lack information should be merged into the parent article on this family, noted at the beginning of this comment. Most of these articles seem to fail WP:BIO (granted, that is a guideline, not a policy). I'd like some input here. --Durin 16:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say put them all together and let's zap 'em all at once; the Troubetzkoy article justifies an article for Dmitry Timofeievich Troubetzkoy, but not IMO for anyone else mentioned there ... and certainly not for every damn member of the family unto the 21st generation! Lordy!  Delete this one, anyway.  Dcarrano
 * Delete nn vanity and genealogy. --Etacar11 01:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll change that to a weak keep as per below. Article could do with expansion to show why he is a notable member of the family.  --Etacar11 16:27, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 06:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete Vladimir Petrovich as nonnotable, but let's not be so hasty as Dcarrano suggests in deleting them all. Nikolai Sergeyevich, for example, was an extremely important linguist in the Prague School; he was the first to identify the phoneme. --Angr/undefined 06:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Don't be so hasty. Is there any point in trying a rewrite at this stage? Wladimir Troubetzkoy (which is the spelling you have to search for) can certainly be found in the directory of the University of Versailles. He is author of several books in the field of comparative literature, co-editor of a handbook and editor of a congress volume. He has also translated and edited classical Russian authors like Pushkin and Dostoyevsky. See his entry at the catalogue of the Bibliothèque nationale de France I have also found a couple of articles by him referenced in different places. There are probably more of the latter, although that is more difficult to locate in a hurry. Sportspeople, cartoon artists and heavy metal guitarists are kept for fewer accomplishments than this. There are, unsurprisingly, several other members of this family who are notable in some way, such as for instance the sculptor Paolo Troubetzkoy. I'd bet anyone versed in Russian history could identify a couple of dozen more. Uppland 15:09, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll change my vote to Keep for this article, but still believe the entire line needs to be reviewed. Are there people in their genealogical tree worth having articles on? Absolutely. I said as much above, and still feel the same. However, I do not want to withdraw this VfD as I do think we need to rethink the various articles on members of this family who are flatly unremarkable. WP:NOT does offer some direction, as I noted above. What I am unclear on is whether there is any meta page dealing with the status of nobles, and whether just being a noble is enough to readily grant inclusion. Too many of these articles are simple one-liners, with a host of links to other people in the family tree. Can they be expanded? Maybe, but for many probably not. In the meantime I think they should be merged into the parent article. Thanks for finding the more common spelling of this individual's name Uppland! --Durin 16:07, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think one problem is that these silly nobility categories and nobility stubs remove the focus from the individual accomplishments of people to the genealogy. The should really never be used unless there is some other stub-type on the person first. Uppland 16:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I rewrote the article, but my French is rusty, to say the least, and I would be very grateful if somebody would take a look at it. I'm sure it can be improved. Uppland
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Franz Planer

Franz F. Planer, A.S.C. (29 March 1894 – 10 January 1963) was an Austrian cinematographer born in Karlovy Vary, Austria-Hungary.

Biography
The Planer family were very influential, and owned large tracts of farmland, businesses, libraries, and shops in Austria-Hungary, and several properties in and around Vienna, some of which were stolen by certain low to high ranking National officers for their own families' use in the mid to late 1930s, using falsely issued papers and threats.

Planer had trained as a portrait painter, but realizing that photography was becoming very popular, and would replace the requirement for talented artists changed his career path. He changed direction into films, and thus began his career as a director of photography for films in Germany and later throughout Europe in the early 1900s until 1933,

In 1937, he left the failing Austrian film industry just before Karl Hartl took control of Wien Film (under the direction of Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels), to begin work in Hollywood. He shot over 130 movies, including Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948), The Big Country (1958) and Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961).

Partial filmography

 * The War of the Oxen (1920)
 * The Monastery's Hunter (1920)
 * Storms in May (1920)
 * The Fountain of Madness (1921)
 * Night of the Burglar (1921)
 * The Drums of Asia (1921)
 * Monna Vanna (1922)
 * The Favourite of the Queen (1922)
 * Trutzi from Trutzberg (1922)
 * Destiny (1925)
 * Love's Finale (1925)
 * Darling, Count the Cash (1926)
 * Her Husband's Wife (1926)
 * Tea Time in the Ackerstrasse (1926)
 * Only a Dancing Girl (1926)
 * The Son of Hannibal (1926)
 * How Do I Marry the Boss? (1927)
 * The Eighteen Year Old (1927)
 * Queen of the Boulevards (1927)
 * The Bordello in Rio (1927)
 * Break-in (1927)
 * Volga Volga (1928)
 * The Duty to Remain Silent (1928)
 * Strauss Is Playing Today (1928)
 * The Green Alley (1928)
 * Women on the Edge (1929)
 * The Love of the Brothers Rott (1929)
 * Hans in Every Street (1930)
 * Retreat on the Rhine (1930)
 * Helene Willfüer, Student of Chemistry (1930)
 * The Road to Paradise (1930)
 * The Son of the White Mountain (1930)
 * Calais-Dover (1931)
 * The Office Manager (1931)
 * No More Love (1931)
 * The Prince of Arcadia (1932)
 * The First Right of the Child (1932)
 * The Countess of Monte Cristo (1932)
 * The Black Hussar (1932)
 * Sailor's Song (1932)
 * Gently My Songs Entreat (1933)
 * Her Highness the Saleswoman (1933)
 * A City Upside Down (1933)
 * The Hymn of Leuthen (1933)
 * Unfinished Symphony (1934)
 * Maskerade (1934)
 * Moscow Nights (1934)
 * So Ended a Great Love (1934)
 * The Princess's Whim (1934)
 * The Typist Gets Married (1934)
 * Turn of the Tide (1935)
 * The Divine Spark (1935)
 * Thank You, Madame (1936)
 * The Beloved Vagabond (1936)
 * Harvest (1936)
 * Flowers from Nice (1936)
 * Such Great Foolishness (1937)
 * Capers (1937)
 * The Charm of La Boheme (1937)
 * Premiere (1937)
 * Holiday (1938)
 * Glamour for Sale (1940)
 * The Face Behind the Mask (1941)
 * Our Wife (1941)
 * Daring Young Man (1942)
 * Appointment in Berlin (1943)
 * My Kingdom for a Cook (1943)
 * Secret Command (1944)
 * I Love a Bandleader (1945)
 * Her Sister's Secret (1946)
 * The Chase (1946)
 * One Touch of Venus (1948)
 * Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948)
 * Champion (1949)
 * Criss Cross (1949)
 * Illegal Entry (1949)
 * Take One False Step (1949)
 * Cyrano de Bergerac (1950)
 * The Blue Veil (1951)
 * The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T (1953)
 * The Caine Mutiny (1954)
 * 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954)
 * Not as a Stranger (1955)
 * The Pride and the Passion (1957)
 * The Big Country (1958)
 * King of Kings (1961)
 * Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
 * The Children's Hour (1961)
 * Something's Got to Give (1962, unfinished, restarted a year later as Move Over, Darling, with a different cast and technical staff)

Academy Award Nominations

 * Nominated for Cinematography (Black & White) 1949: Champion
 * Nominated for Cinematography (Black & White) 1951: Death of a Salesman
 * Nominated for Cinematography (Black & White) 1953: Roman Holiday
 * Nominated for Cinematography (Color) 1959: The Nun's Story
 * Nominated for Cinematography (Black & White) 1961: The Children's Hour

title: Franz Planer