text:
Jack Gilbert

Jack Gilbert (February 18, 1925 – November 13, 2012) was an American poet. Gilbert was acquainted with Jack Spicer and Allen Ginsberg, both prominent figureheads of the Beat Movement, but is not considered a Beat Poet; he described himself as a "serious romantic." Over his five-decade-long career, he published five full collections of poetry.

Early life and education
Born and raised in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, neighborhood of East Liberty, he attended Peabody High School. Gilbert then worked as a door-to-door salesman, an exterminator, and a steelworker.

He was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh and graduated in 1954. During these college years he and his classmate Gerald Stern developed a serious interest in poetry and writing.

Gilbert received his master's degree from San Francisco State University in 1963.

Career
After college, Gilbert went to Paris and worked briefly at the Herald Tribune before moving to Italy. Gilbert spent two years there before moving to New York and then to San Francisco, where his life as a poet began.

His work has been distinguished by simple lyricism and straightforward clarity of tone, as well as a resonating control over his emotions: “We look up at the stars and they are / not there. We see memory / of when they were, once upon a time. / And that too is more than enough.” His first book of poetry, Views of Jeopardy, (1962) won the Yale Younger Poets Prize and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize, and Gilbert was quickly recognized.

He then retreated from his earlier activity in the San Francisco poetry scene, where he had participated in Jack Spicer's Poetry as Magic workshop, and, in 1964, moved to Europe. Living on a Guggenheim Fellowship, he was invited to tour 15 countries as a lecturer on American Literature for the U.S. State Department. He then lived briefly in England, Denmark, and Greece before returning to San Francisco in 1967.

His books of poetry were few and far between; however he continuously maintained his writing and contributed to The American Poetry Review, Genesis West, The Quarterly, Poetry, Ironwood, The Kenyon Review, and The New Yorker. Gilbert was the 1999-2000 Grace Hazard Conkling writer-in-residence at Smith College.

Gilbert was also a visiting professor and writer-in-residence at the University of Tennessee in 2004. Author Elizabeth Gilbert, who discovered Jack Gilbert when she succeeded him in the same writing chair, declared, "He became the poet laureate of my life."

On April 15, 2013, it was announced that Gilbert's Collected Poems was a finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in Poetry. The Pulitzer jury's citation read: a half century of poems reflecting a creative author’s commitment to living fully and honestly and to producing straightforward work that illuminates everyday experience with startling clarity.

Personal life
Much of Gilbert's work is about his relationships with women. While in Italy, he met Gianna Gelmetti, a romantic partner who appears frequently in his work. The relationship ended after a year. Gilbert was a close friend of the poet Linda Gregg, whom he met when she was nineteen and his student in San Francisco, and with whom he was in a relationship for six years. Of the poet, Gregg once said, "All Jack ever wanted to know was that he was awake—that the trees in bloom were almond trees—and to walk down the road to get breakfast. He never cared if he was poor or had to sleep on a park bench."

He was also in a significant long-term relationship with the poet Laura Ulewicz during the late fifties and early sixties in San Francisco. Ulewicz was a great influence on his early work; in fact much of his characteristic style for which he later became known came directly from her, and his first book was dedicated to her. Gilbert also was in a relationship with Michiko Nogami, another former student and a Japanese language instructor 21 years his junior, about whom he wrote many of his poems. Nogami died of cancer at the age of 36, in 1982. Gilbert died on November 13, 2012, in Berkeley, California. He was 87.

Awards

 * 1962 Yale Series of Younger Poets Competition for Views of Jeopardy
 * 1964 Guggenheim Fellowship
 * 1994 Lannan Literary Award for Poetry
 * 1983 Stanley Kunitz Prize for Monolithos
 * 1983 the American Poetry Review Prize for Monolithos
 * 1983 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for Monolithos
 * 2005 National Book Critics Circle Award for Refusing Heaven
 * 2013 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for Collected Poems

Poetry collections

 * Views of Jeopardy Yale University Press, 1962
 * Monolithos Graywolf Press, 1984, ISBN 9780915308422
 * Kochan (1984), A limited edition chapbook of nine poems, two of which were later republished in The Great Fires: Poems 1982-1992; seven of the poems have not been otherwise published, including "Nights and Four Thousand Mornings," the longest poem Gilbert has published
 * The Great Fires: Poems 1982-1992 Knopf, 1994
 * Refusing Heaven Knopf, 2005
 * Tough Heaven: Poems of Pittsburgh Pond Road Press, 2006
 * Transgressions: Selected Poems Bloodaxe, 2006
 * The Dance Most of All Knopf, 2010
 * Collected Poems Knopf, 2012

Novels
Gilbert wrote two erotic novels with Jean Maclean which were published by the short-lived Danish Olympia Press under the pseudonym Tor Kung:
 * My Mother Taught Me (1964) From the book jacket: "This is the tale of Lars, a Swedish boy, raised in an all-male orphanage without ever seeing even pictures of women, adopted into a new household with enthusiastic siblings and an energetic foster-mother."
 * Forever Ecstasy (1968) From the book jacket: "An amazing story about schoolboys, led by Paul and the devious but cowardly Rick, who at the end of the school year find themselves holding a young geometry teacher... right where they want her."

Anthologies
/* Anthology */ "19 New American Poets of the Golden Gate": editor. poet Philip Dow, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1984). Gilbert's essay "Real Nouns" appears, as do select poems.

title: Jack Gilbert


text:
Profit center

A profit center is a part of a business which is expected to make an identifiable contribution to the organization's profits.

Overview
A profit center is a section of a company treated as a separate business. Thus profits or losses for a profit center are calculated separately.

A profit center manager is held accountable for both revenue and costs (expenses), and therefore for profits. This means that the manager is accountable for driving the sales revenue generating activities which lead to cash inflows and at the same time controlling the cost-generating activities. This makes the profit center management more challenging than cost center management. Profit center management is equivalent to running an independent business because a profit center business unit or department is treated as a distinct entity enabling revenues and expenses to be determined and its profitability to be measured.

Business organizations may be organized in terms of profit centers where the profit center's revenues and expenses are held separate from the main company's in order to determine their profitability. Usually different profit centers are separated for accounting purposes so that the management can follow how much profit each center makes and compare their relative efficiency and profit. Examples of typical profit centers are a store, a sales organization and a consulting organization whose profitability can be measured.

Peter Drucker originally coined the term profit center around 1945. He later recanted, calling it "One of the biggest mistakes I have made". He later asserted that there are only cost centers within a business, and “the only profit center is a customer whose cheque hasn’t bounced”.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Profit center


text:
User:Tommy Fresh

Welcome!!!! (If you came to this page you must be wondering who is this cat!!?? So I'll tell ya.)

My name is Tommy L. Rowe Jr. I'm a man baby!!!! I'm From Atlanta Georgia ("Home of the Braves", and "The New Motown") I'm into animation, drawing, sculpting, and music.

If any body wants to discuss animation or music send me a message I'm game.

I like Wikipedia because Wikipedia likes me.

title: User:Tommy Fresh


text:
St. Stephen's Girls' College

St Stephen's Girls' College (SSGC) is a grant school in Hong Kong under the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (Anglican Church). Established in 1906, SSGC is a top girls' school and among the oldest schools in Hong Kong. It is managed by the St. Stephen's Girls' College School Council.

History
The school first opened in 1906. The first principal was Miss Carden. Originally on Caine Road, the school moved to its current location at Lyttelton Road, Mid-Levels, in 1923. It has a history of voluntary social service and involvement in charitable work going back to 1920.

In 2001, the school was one of a group of "traditional élite schools" criticised by the then Secretary of Education and Manpower Fanny Law for what she saw as reliance on rote teaching. Staff from the school defended it.

School buildings
The Main Building of St. Stephen's Girls' College has been listed as a declared monuments of Hong Kong since 1992.

Notable alumni

 * Rita Fan
 * Regina Ip
 * Ellen Li
 * Sandra Ng
 * Winnie Yu
 * Xian Yuqing
 * Suzie Wong (TV host)

title: St. Stephen's Girls' College


text:
The Flops

The Flops were a collaboration of John Munson (bassist of Semisonic and Trip Shakespeare) and Matt Wilson (frontman of Trip Shakespeare). They played several shows, mostly in Minneapolis, between 2001 and 2005. They covered material from the Trip Shakespeare days, Matt's solo efforts (Matt's 1998 CD, Burnt, White, and Blue) and some new material.

In 2003 they released a CD titled "Ohh La La" with one music disc and one CD-ROM story disc (some of which were defective) called Ohh La La: A Tale of Love, Loss, Rock and Roll by Sam Magavern.

In 2006 they contributed a performance of "On Top of Old Smokey" to the compilation Down by the Riverside: A Benefit for Reuben Lindh Family Services.

They announced in their farewell show (Mar 17, 2007) that they would be returning in the fall with a new band in full rock mode, but that they would be "leaving all their best songs behind". The new band was said to be called "the Dark Nights" and had a slight website at thedarknights.com which, at the moment, seems no longer active. The Flops website TheFlops.com domain has expired Jan 12, 2008.

In late spring of 2005, John Munson began playing in a new trio, "The New Standards", featuring Chan Poling (of The Suburbs) and Steve Roehm.

At the Provention Concert (September 2, 2008 at the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota), John Munson and Matt Wilson performed as The Twilight Hours and announced that they will have a new album coming out in the fall.

The Flops: Ohh La La track list

 * 1) "Deep All the Way Down"
 * 2) "Two Wheeler, Four Wheeler"
 * 3) "Trick"
 * 4) "Hello Caller"
 * 5) "Drummer Like Me"
 * 6) "Landing"
 * 7) "Ooh La La"
 * 8) "Travel Plans"
 * 9) "Searchers"
 * 10) "Face Up"
 * 11) "Sun Is Coming"
 * 12) "Reception"
 * 13) "I'm in Love with a Girl" (cover of an Alex Chilton song)
 * 14) "Susannah"

title: The Flops


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Movement to impeach George W. Bush

Issues with this VfD
(copied from comment on article's talk page)

This article was put up for deletion with no prior discussion about it and no effort to build a consensus that it should be deleted (or not). This is wrong and I strongly object to this action. Any votes for deletion should be carefully considered and discussed prior to taking such an action. In fact, this section and this comment are the first on the discussion page about deletion. The editor who placed the article up for deletion took the action unilaterally with flagrant disregard to Wikipedia policy and standards. Calicocat 06:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

see: Talk:Movement_to_impeach_George_W._Bush "Vote for deletion, issue with" section.

Organized page
I took the liberty of organizing the page, putting votes to delete, votes to keep and votes to merge under seperate headings, which is how the page should have been set-up to start with. I also started section for discussion since many seem to wish to add commentary. Calicocat 06:05, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sure you meant well, and the result is in some way easier to understand -- but I think it was a bad move, making it harder to follow arguments. For yes, there was a certain degree of willingness of the proponents of both sides to discuss the issues. -- Hoary 06:28, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right, it was an error and if you want to revert it, please do so, or I will when time permits. Discussions should be taken to the discussion page in any event; and moreover, if you see my comments and on the article's discussion page (also copied to the discussion page here), you'll that this VfD itself was taken as a unilateral action without any notice or discussion at the article's talk page... Calicocat 09:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No, no, I don't want to revert it and you shouldn't either. Relax, go to the fridge, crack open a beer, toast the [ please fill in this blank ] of George W Bush! -- Hoary 09:28, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Guide to Votes for deletion asks, "Please do not refactor the discussion into lists or tables of votes, however much you may think that this helps the process." I've undone the reorganization. I hope I didn't drop any votes in the process, but they were mostly anons anyway, I think. Aerion//talk 14:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like you did a fine job in putting it back to its original state. This was totally my error. Calicocat 15:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Vote totals
As of 06:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC) the vote totals are:
 * Delete = 7
 * Keep = 28
 * Merge = 2

Calicocat 06:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Current state of the article
The current state of the article has greatly improved. Perhaps this VdF acted as a kind of article improvment drive. So be it. I don't like how this was done, but the result seems to be a very temperate and informative article about impeachment of the president. I'm sure futher development and editing will render this a good entry in the overall body of articles. I've not edited much on this article so I have a kind of outside view on it, I like how it's going, I think it's on the right track in terms of tone and information sources. Calicocat 01:55, 30 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Ranipet

Ranipettai is a town in Tamil Nadu, India and the headquarters of Ranipet district. Ranipet (lit. Queen's colony) is an industrial hub of greater Vellore city. It is located about 100 km from the Chennai city center. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway, on the northern bank of the Palar River.The estimated population is 397,000 as of 2024. It is a Tri-City with adjacent municipalities of Walajapet and Arcot.

History
Ranipet was built around the year 1771 by Sadut-ulla-khan, the Nawab of Carnatic, in honor of the youthful widow of Desingh Raja of Gingee, who committed Sati upon her husband's death. Out of respect for Desingh Raja's valour and his wife's devotion, the Nawab formed a new village opposite to Arcot on the Northern bank of the Palar River and named it Ranipet.

The town gained importance since the establishment of the European cantonment. About a mile west of Ranipet is a remarkable thope extending along the Palar river, for a distance of 4.8 km which is known as 'Navlakh Bagh'. It is supposed to contain 9 lakhs of trees and hence the name "Navlakh Bagh". South India's first rail operation was operated between Royapuram to Ranipet.

On August 15, 2019, Ranipet became the district headquarters for the Ranipet district after the announcement of the newly created district.

On October 21, 2021, Arakkonam and Nemili taluks of Ranipet district were added to the Chennai metropolitan area.

Demographics
According to 2011 census, Ranipet had a population of 50,764 with a sex-ratio of 1,091 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,124 were under the age of six, constituting 2,564 males and 2,560 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 34.3% and .04% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 81.%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12275 households. There were a total of 18,243 workers, comprising 45 cultivators, 100 main agricultural labourers, 373 in household industries, 16,095 other workers, 1,630 marginal workers, 15 marginal cultivators, 29 marginal agricultural labourers, 95 marginal workers in household industries and 1,491 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Ranipet had 76.42% Hindus, 15.19% Muslims, 8.02% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.04% Buddhists, 0.27% Jains, 0.03% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.

Ranipet is 100 km from Chennai, by road. Walajah Road Railway Station is the nearest railhead, while the nearest railway junction is Katpadi Jn, 17 km from Ranipet. The nearest airport is Chennai International Airport 100 km from Ranipet..

Ranipet Municipality
Ranipet Municipality was constituted on 01.04.1959 as per G.O.MS No. 724 RDLA dt.01.04.1959. It was upgraded as IInd Grade with effect from 05.10.1978, and then it has upgraded to Ist Grade Municipality with effect from 22.05.1998. Subsequently, Ranipet Municipality was upgraded as Selection Grade Municipality.

Industry
There are a number of large- and medium-scale leather industries making both finished leather and leather articles such as shoes and garments for export. There are other small-scale industries in Ranipet, mostly engaged in chemical, leather and tool making. These industries are the major lifeline for the town.

One of the oldest companies in Ranipet that was formed in the early 19th century is EID Parry, named after Thomas Parry, who sailed to India and started a merchant business in India. The branch of EID Parry located in Ranipet is one of the largest ceramic plants in South India. In addition to Ceramics, the company also produces fertilizers in this location sold to farmers around the country. EID Parry also produces confectioneries in other locations.

After the acquisition of the company Johnson & Pedder, EID Parry produced Ballerina ceramic designs in India. Most residents, several decades ago, worked for EID Parry before the expansion of the Sipcot Industrial complex and the arrival of Central Government-aided engineering unit such as BHEL.

World's first diesel tractor manufacturing Italian company SAME DEUTZ-FAHR India (P) Limited (SDFI) located at Sipcot industrial complex. They manufacture tractors and engines for export and domestic market, ranging from 35 hp to 80 hp tractor with advanced technology.

The French company Plastic Omnium and world's No.1 fuel systems manufacturer established a factory in 2010 for the purpose of delivering fuel tank systems to local automobile manufacturers such as Toyota and Hyundai.

The town is home to the Boiler Auxiliaries Plant of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), a major Central Government-owned enterprise., Bavina Cars is planning to set up a manufacturing plant at a cost of ₹ 300 crores.

Ranipet also has about 500 small and large-scale engineering units catering mainly to BHEL. Ranipet is the second-largest fabrication cluster in India. Arcelor-Mittal's Dhamm Processing Ltd. has invested more than 100 crores.

Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd. a large Petrochemical unit is one of the largest manufacturers of Phthalic Anhydride and Food Acidulants in Asia, and employs around 2000 people in and around Ranipet.

Kostal India Automotive German-based electric switches manufacturing company. Supplies to major automobile OEM Ford, TATA and others.

Leathers Industries
Ranipet was once glorified as fast developing industrial zone, but faced economic depression. Ranipet indirectly suffered from Great Recession 2008 as leather business and exports cater to Western Developed nations. A special economic zone is established at Nellikuppam, a suburb of Ranipet.

Ranipet houses AH Group And KH Group of companies. Nearly 400 small and medium leather units are placed in Ranipet. BHEL Ranipet Plant is manufacturing Boiler Auxiliary instruments such as, ESP, Fans, Gate & Dampers, FGD etc. to support Thermal Power Plant.

Hospitals
The Scudder Memorial Hospital provides nursing to many outpatients. This hospital was started around 1866 by Dr. Silas Downer Scudder. It is a big hospital that was started well before CMCH was commissioned in Vellore.

Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine
The Institute originally known as Serum Institute was established at Madras (present-day Chennai) in 1932 to produce anti-rinderpest serum and bull virus to combat rinderpest which was rampant then, posing serious threat to the livestock population. In 1942, the institute was shifted to Coimbatore Agricultural College Estate as an emergency measure due to World War –II. In March 1948, the institute was shifted to the present campus at Ranipet, facing the National Highway No.4 (Chennai – Bangalore) at a distance of 114 km from Chennai. The Campus with an 192 acre area used to be a meat dehydration plant of the army and was acquired by the State Government from the Army under post-war construction scheme. The institute has got vast development over 73 years and it's now engaged in the production of various Vaccines, (Bacterial and Viral Vaccines) against various diseases of livestock and poultry, diagnostic reagents and Pharmaceutical products for the treatment of ailing animals. In addition, the Institute extends disease investigation service to the field veterinarians.

Politics
R.Gandhi is the sitting MLA of DMK. Ranipet assembly constituency is part of Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency).

Food
Across the Palar river, a neighboring town named Arcot, is famous for markets of vegetables, Kichili samba rice, sweets, agri products, electrical and jhat markets. Arcot is even famous for makkan beda, a sweet prepared right from nawab period. Yet another sweet called malai gaja is also famous from nawab period. Every Friday and Sunday, People visit Weekly Market where Farmers directly sell vegetables, fruits and other eatables to people near Ranipet new bus stand (sandha maidanam) and Sipcot respectively. Friday market is also a place where the Hens, Goats, Ox and cows are sold in a traditional way.

title: Ranipet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Project Dogwaffle

Project Dogwaffle

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 07:28, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

vanity, Ad, non-notable cohesion | talk 06:06, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete--DNicholls 06:18, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn, probably vanity too. Agentsoo 10:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 09:03, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Rewrite. Google results > 43k for "Project Dogwaffle" (with quotes) Ashmodai 11:06, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Number of Identified Specimens

In various archaeological disciplines including archaeology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology and zooarchaeology, the number of identified specimens (also number of individual specimens or number of individual species), or NISP, is defined as the number of identified specimens for a specific site. It is used to estimate how many different individual specimens are present.

When evaluating the potential benefits of new sites or specimens, the three most commonly used quantification units by archaeology are NISP, minimum number of elements (MNE), and minimum number of individuals (MNI).

The NISP is the most basic quantity recorded about an osteological assemblage. It counts the number of skeletal elements identified by bone type and taxon, and was first used in zooarchaeology. To calculate the NISP, bones are sorted into taxa (when dealing with a mixed species assemblage) and then into skeletal element types.

An alternative estimate to the NISP, often done in concert, is the MNI. Both are influenced by fragmentation and degree of preservation, but in different ways. In practice, the NISP will normally be higher than the MNI; for example, if the NISP is 100 human femurs and 60 horse hooves, the MNI will be at least 50 humans and 15 horses. The NISP tends to overestimate the number of individuals under moderate fragmentation (for example, two partial ulnas could belong to the same individual or two different ones). However, the overestimate lessens as fragmentation increases due to the inability to classify the bones. MNI tends to underestimate the actual number under medium fragmentation, and even more severely when bones are highly fragmented. Under hypothetically perfect preservation and no fragmentation, these estimates should be the same. MNI also suffers from the aggregation problem, in which different aggregations will generate at least two values, an MNI minimum and maximum, which are generally empirically indistinguishable. Both NISP and MNI are likely only ordinal scale measurements, which means at best they can only give an ordered series of taxonomic abundance, i.e. "Taxon A is more numerous than Taxon B."

NISP is a basic technique that is widely used for estimating the relative abundance of specimens in a collection. Some see it as a basic classification of a site or skeleton and there are many ways to calculate it. NISP will inflate the statistical significance if used to calculate a sample size for inferential statistics; instead MNI is used.

In addition, the frequencies of the ordinal scale of the anatomical parts of the crest (proximal, marginal, distal) are not constant and fluctuate in simulators. The paleontological analytical results show the significant differences between the two quantitative methods.

Cut-mark analyses
Archaeological sites give vital information concerning the massacre, and the examination of the traces provides that knowledge. Colored bands have been used to study anything from the evolutionary impacts of meat-eating in Africa to culturally mediated slaughter patterns in the United States. ; ; ; ; ; ; are examples of researchers from other nations.

The cut-mark pattern is usually determined by observing the frequency and relative location of cuts on skeletal parts. These patterns are then related to butcher behavior, frequently utilizing ethnographic, factual, and empirical data as a frame of reference. Although analysts' approaches for quantifying, assessing, and reporting landmarks vary depending on their study aims, differences in samples and conclusions owing to methodologies and units of quantification have not been experimentally investigated.

Cut-mark studies and two types of quantitative analysis
In general, most tracing studies use two types of quantification: one used to identify and explain the anatomical part of the group, and one used to determine the frequency of cutting the anatomical part described above. The anatomical segment is usually determined by the specified NISP or the MNE. Similar to MNE, some researchers use cMNE. When using MNE or cMNE as a quantitative unit, archaeologists usually refer to the complete skeletal component (e.g., femur). Archaeologists need to be clear about what they wish to discover and how this will be done, unless some bone element is otherwise specified (e.g., proximal femur, distal femur).

The NISP, on the other hand, is a unit of measurement associated with a particular sample that may or may not be a complete structural element but is identified as part and sometimes as a complete structural element. In the case of lines, two quantitative units are widely used to measure them. This is the number of glass pieces and the number of samples to hold the glass panes, which was subsequently identified as the number of glass pieces. After calculating the number of cuts, the results were analyzed and reported as a percentage of the total NISP with observed cuts (%NISPcut) or as a percentage of the total MNC with observed cuts. Close to (%MNEcut). Although %NISPcut and %MNEcut are units of quantitative analysis commonly used in cut-off studies, their reliability has rarely been assessed in the context of bone segmentation.

Fragment count
The cut-mark count is a count of how many individual cut-marks, or collections of cut-marks are in a given skeletal area, while fragment count is the level of the full-scale number of quantitative units (e.g., NISP or MNE) with saw cut-marks. Cut-mark piece considers are, when in doubt, detailed %NISPcut, the level of the complete NISP showing cut-marks NISPcut. identified an ordinary issue with this technique. They showed that because of abnormality and bone breakdown, %NISPcut possibly underrates the level of models with cut-marks.

This is generally the circumstance considering the way that cut-marks are inflicted on a skeletal part during butchery when defleshing and disarticulating a creature. These cycles are commonly performed before breakage related to the extraction of inner bone materials like marrow and oil. propose that if a skeletal part, say the femur, was defleshed and disarticulated, the level of cut-mark examples of the immovable number of models ought to be 1-to-1, thinking about the way that, for this current situation, the outright part is additionally a model (%NISPcut $1/4$100). Notwithstanding, after that equivalent part is dealt with for marrow and segregated, the level of cut-mark models can end up being more fundamental, speculatively, 2/8 (articular fruitions despite screw regions; %NISPcut $1/4$25).

The fragmentation cycle causing this model is clear concerning cut-marks surface region identical to the whole surface region all through a total bone. However, on the off chance that totally covered by cut-marks, undeniably the surface region expected by cut-marks all through a skeletal part will be by and large insignificant contrasting with the excess, whole surface area. Fittingly, in the event that the bone brokenness process isn't specifically focusing on cut-marked surfaces, the imbalanced extent of cut and whole surface regions ought to persistently pass a further degree of whole portions onto cut parts, conclusively developing the essential relative capability between the two (1/1).

Considering that skeletal part surfaces are not totally covered by cut-marks, there ought to ordinarily be even more whole surface regions open to section. Anyway, notwithstanding how there is a reasonable potential for break cycles to cause a biasing influence, zooarchaeologists truly don't have even the remotest hint about the level of this impact on the units used to evaluate cut-marks, or, on the butchery surmisings found utilizing these units. The motivation driving this study is to assist shed with some lighting on the impacts of breaks on cut-mark assessments.

One answer for the break issue is the utilization of mechanical refitting as a curation system got together with the cMNE as a quantitative unit of assessment. All around, refitting plays had a principal sway in broadening the accuracy of skeletal element identification, quantification, and the derivation of standards of lead. The use of refitting has additionally been proposed for assessments of cortical surface modification while get-together fragmentation and thickness interceded reliable adversity is high.

As its name proposes, the cMNE broadly addresses the base number of parts present in a model, by including all apportioned models after they are redone. In a general sense, the cMNE can be seen as a quantitative unit that endeavors to most enthusiastically address the primary skeletal part rehash present in a model. Precisely when models are genuinely revamped and quantified as cMNE, the impacts of brokenness on how much cut and whole skeletal parts will be traded by diminishing the degree of whole units to cut-marks units. Thusly the effect of brokenness ought to be less breaking point on changed units than on units not depending on refitting (e.g., NISP). In any case, contrasts between the two quantitative units, if any, have not been intentionally investigated or quantified likely, nor has the inferential effect of either unit been surveyed.

The effects of NISP on cut-mark analyses
NISP can mislead the cut-mark conclusions based on strips. Even though, because the differences between identical markers and elongated bones were large, differences between anatomical sites had the greatest impact on Butcher's conclusions. This has a potentially dangerous direct effect on the butcher's conclusions about size. Also, while a close correlation of two 1s on an ordinal scale can be seen as an indicator of a high degree of similarity, modern mathematical "machines" are not equipped with computational methods, and differences in ranks may not be statistically significant. Deviations may change the interpretation of the massacre by archaeologists.

title: Number of Identified Specimens


text:
MSCI EAFE

The MSCI EAFE Index is a stock market index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets outside of the U.S. & Canada. It is maintained by MSCI Inc., a provider of investment decision support tools; the EAFE acronym stands for Europe, Australasia and Far East.

The index is market-capitalization weighted (meaning that the weight of securities is based on their respective market capitalizations). It first ranks each stock in the investable universe from largest to smallest by market capitalization. The largest 70% will compose the MSCI EAFE Large Cap (new index), the largest 85% will compose the MSCI EAFE Standard, and the largest 99% will compose the MSCI Investable Market index (IMI). The 71st to 85th percentiles represent the MSCI EAFE Mid Cap, and the 85th to 99th percentiles represent the MSCI EAFE Small Cap.

The index includes a selection of stocks from 21 developed markets, but excludes those from the U.S. and Canada. The index has been calculated since 31 December 1969, making it the oldest truly international stock index. It is probably the most common benchmark for foreign stock funds in the U.S.

Countries
The MSCI EAFE index includes stocks of around 1500 companies from these countries and regions:

These are the same countries and regions as for MSCI World except without the U.S. and Canada. Africa and South America are not represented.

Greece was part of this index from May 2001, when MSCI upgraded Greece from emerging market to developed market, to November 2013 when MSCI downgraded Greece from developed to emerging market.

Israel joined this index in May 2010 when MSCI upgraded Israel from emerging market to developed market.

Investing
Many managers of North American international stock funds use the EAFE as a performance benchmark. For example, Thrift Savings Plan's international fund (I Fund) tracks the net version of this index.

The iShares MSCI EAFE Index fund is based on the standard index. EFA is the fourth-largest ETF in the world. They also have iShares MSCI EAFE Small-Cap which has just the small caps. iShares Core MSCI EAFE fund uses the "IMI" version of the index. This fund is similar to EFA but its portfolio represents nearly all of each country's investable market capitalization, while EFA only covers the top 85%, which excludes most small-cap stocks. The TIAA International Equity Index Fund is also based on the EAFE index. Vanguard has the mutual fund Vanguard Developed Markets Index Inv and the Vanguard FTSE Developed Markets ETF; these funds previously used the MSCI EAFE, but now use the FTSE Developed All Cap ex US Index, which is very similar but includes South Korea and Canada, and includes exposure to small-cap stocks.

title: MSCI EAFE


text: Talk:Doris Kearns Goodwin

title: Talk:Doris Kearns Goodwin


text:
W. S. Bodey

W. S. Bodey (c. 1814 – 1859 ) was a prospector from Poughkeepsie, New York who discovered gold in Eastern California. He is notable as the namesake of Bodie in Mono County, California.

Biography
Bodey's exact first name is uncertain. His name could be William, Waterman or Wakeman. In Poughkeepsie he owned his own business and was listed in the 1843 Poughkeepsie village directory. In the 1845 edition, he is listed as a tin manufacturer with his shop address of 345 Main Street. He is also listed in this same directory as having a home on the corner of South Hamilton and Montgomery streets. The 1850 US Census lists "Wakeman T. Bodey," born about 1814, as a tinsmith living in Poughkeepsie with Sarah Bodey and four young children.

Although Bodey was well respected within the community of Poughkeepsie, he desired a more adventurous life. In 1848, after receiving news of gold being discovered in California, Bodey said goodbye to his wife Sarah and his two children, and set sail for California and its gold on the Mathew Vasser. After rounding Cape Horn, Bodey landed in San Francisco in 1849.

In 1859, Bodey discovered gold in Eastern California, north of Mono Lake. This discovery sparked a gold rush; the town of Bodie, California sprang up around Bodey's discovery. Bodey did not profit from the discovery however. He died in November 1859, after he decided to winter near his find with a Native American companion. He and his companion went out to make a supply trip to Monoville and got lost in a blizzard. When Bodey couldn't go any further, his companion left him and Bodey froze to death. Bodey's body was found the next spring.

title: W. S. Bodey


text: User talk:81.154.66.71

title: User talk:81.154.66.71


text:
Talk:Chulabhorn (disambiguation)

Princess name
Her name is HRH Princess Chulabhonwalailak

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Chulabhorn Walailak which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 11:15, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chulabhorn (disambiguation)


text:
MSCI World

The MSCI World is a widely followed global stock market index that tracks the performance of around 1500 large and mid-cap companies across 23 developed countries. It is maintained by MSCI, formerly Morgan Stanley Capital International, and is used as a common benchmark for global stock funds intended to represent a broad cross-section of global markets.

The index includes a collection of stocks of all the developed markets in the world, as defined by MSCI. But because the index excludes stocks from emerging and frontier economies, it is less worldwide than the name suggests. A related index, the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI), incorporated both developed and emerging countries. MSCI also produces a Frontier Markets index, including another 31 markets.

The MSCI World Index has been calculated since 1969, in various forms: without dividends (Price Index), with net or with gross dividends reinvested (Net and Gross Index), in US dollars, Euro and local currencies.

Countries/Regions
The index includes companies in the following countries/regions:

 * Australia
 * Austria
 * Belgium
 * Canada
 * Denmark
 * Finland
 * France
 * Germany
 * Hong Kong
 * Ireland
 * Israel
 * Italy
 * Japan
 * Netherlands
 * New Zealand
 * Norway
 * Portugal
 * Singapore
 * Spain
 * Sweden
 * Switzerland
 * United Kingdom
 * United States

Sector representation
The GICS breakdown is shown here, with information technology being the biggest sector.

Total annual returns

 * (a) Total returns including reinvested dividends.

title: MSCI World


text:
Gargantua (gorilla)

Gargantua (1929 - November 1949) was a captive western lowland gorilla famed for being exhibited by the Ringling Brothers circus. He has been credited with saving the business from bankruptcy. An acid scar on his face gave Gargantua a snarling, menacing expression, which the circus management exploited by generating publicity falsely exaggerating his purported hatred of humans. He was also claimed to be the largest gorilla in captivity.

Gargantua was captured as a baby in Africa, and was known as "Buddy" for years. After he was sold to Ringling Brothers by his previous owner, Gertrude Lintz, he was renamed, after François Rabelais's giant character, to sound more frightening.

He had a "mate" named Toto, but apparently never showed any interest in her. She was, nevertheless, advertised by the circus as "Mrs. Gargantua".

Early life
Gargantua was born wild in the Belgian Congo in approximately 1929. In the early 1930s, the gorilla was given to a Captain Arthur Phillips as a gift from missionaries in Africa. The captain was fond of him and called him "Buddy". He was kept aboard his freighter and became popular with most of the crew. One sailor, however, drunk and seeking revenge on the captain's strictness, threw nitric acid in Buddy's face. This did not kill the gorilla but the attack almost blinded him, left physical scars, and led to much more aggressive behaviour.

Unable to deal with this aggression, the captain gave Buddy to Gertrude Lintz, a wealthy eccentric who looked after sick animals in Brooklyn. Her husband, Dr. Bill Lintz, diagnosed Buddy with double pneumonia. Gertrude Lintz treated the little gorilla back to health, including chewing his food for him, and along with her kennel-man, Richard "Dick" Kroener, trained and raised Buddy. She cared for Buddy, and other apes, as her children and even arranged for plastic surgery on the scar, leaving Buddy with a permanent sneer. She was known to drive around Brooklyn with Buddy, dressed in clothes, in the passenger seat. The arrangement came to an end one night in 1937 when the 7-year-old, 460 lb Buddy, frightened by thunder, broke out of his cage and climbed into bed with his "mother" for comfort; Gertrude Lintz contacted John Ringling shortly thereafter.

Circus attraction
Ringling bought Buddy from Bill Lintz for a sum less than $10,000 ($ 0 in 2024) and renamed him "Gargantua" at his wife's suggestion. The Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, in financial problems after the Great Depression, heavily advertised their newest attraction. Their extravagant claims included:

 * "The Largest Gorilla Ever Exhibited!"
 * "The World's Most Terrifying Living Creature!"
 * "The Largest and Fiercest Gorilla Ever Brought Before the Eyes of Civilised Man!"
 * "The Only Full-Grown Gorilla Ever Seen On This Continent!"

Regardless of the truth of these slogans, Gargantua attracted millions and single-handedly saved the circus.

A special cage was built for Gargantua by the Crane Company. It was air-tight and air conditioned, designed to keep Gargantua in and the spectators' diseases out.

Another source attributes construction of Gargantua's special climate-controlled cage to the Carrier Corporation: "Gargantua's cage, a 20-foot-long steel and plate glass climate-controlled box constructed at a cost of $20,000 by the Carrier Corporation, became as celebrated as its occupant, and was paraded around the ring at every performance."

His first public appearance was in April 1938 and was recorded by Time magazine:

''Appearing as Display No. 14 on the 26-item program, Gargantua was hauled round & round the Garden in a heavily barred, thickly glassed, air-conditioned wagon drawn by six white horses. Stocky & truculent, he stared menacingly out of his cage, was characterized by Frank Buck as "the most ferocious, most terrifying and most dangerous of all living creatures."''

Gargantua's supposed aggression and violence were emphasized in the circus' publicity. For example, Time magazine also wrote this earlier in the same year:

"'Gargantua the Great, wrote Gargantuan Columnist Heywood Broun three weeks ago, 'is the fiercest looking thing I have ever seen on two legs. And probably his power and truculence were all the more impressive because he did look a good deal like a distant relative. No one was allowed to go close to his cage, because Gargantua can reach about five feet through the bars and get a toe hold on a visitor whom he dislikes.' Gargantua may not be the world's biggest captive gorilla—since the death of Berlin Zoo's monster, many zoos have claimed that honor for their gorillas—but he is one of the most vindictive. Last week the circus' executive vice president, young John Ringling North, nephew of the late John ('Three-Ring') Ringling, was inspecting the circus' Sarasota, Fla. winter quarters. Imprudently disregarding warning signs, he leaned against the bars of Gargantua's cage to rest. Gargantua reached through, got no toe hold but wrenched Circusman North's left arm into the cage, bit & wrung it until Trainer Richard Kroner, pounding the gorilla with an iron stake, distracted its slow attention."

In 1941, he was paired with another gorilla, Toto (short for Mitoto or M'Toto), who was advertised as "Mrs. Gargantua". Nothing ever came of the relationship, however, and both lived in separate cages. In May 1942, his trainer since babyhood, Richard Kroener, died. As Kroeners' assistant Julius Gerlick had just been drafted, this left Gargantua to be trained by strangers.

Death
Gargantua died in November 1949 of double pneumonia. A necropsy performed at Johns Hopkins Hospital revealed that Gargantua had been suffering from several conditions at the time of his death, including skin disease and four impacted and rotten wisdom teeth.

His skeleton was donated to the Peabody Museum in 1950, but it is now only displayed on special occasions.

Physical characteristics
Sources report Gargantua's weight variously as 550 lb to 600 lb. The 7-year-old Gargantua was described as 460 lb when first displayed. His standing height was said to be 1.68 m. Western lowland gorillas usually only reach 440 lb in the wild.

Legacy
The 1997 film Buddy, starring Rene Russo, is very loosely based on the early life of Gargantua/Buddy and another of Gertrude Lintz's gorillas, Massa.

title: Gargantua (gorilla)


text: File:Best Of Motorhead.jpg

title: File:Best Of Motorhead.jpg


text:
Bluestone Heath Road

The Bluestone Heath Road is an ancient route and ridgeway across the Lincolnshire Wolds in Lincolnshire, England. The surviving parts are somewhat fragmented in places, but many still bear the name.

Route
The route begins at Candlesby and runs 14 mi northbound to Caistor, following closely an ancient ridge trail across the spine of the wold. It climbs to a height of 98 metres (320 feet) above sea level near Tetford, and, on a fine day, provides a view of the hamlets, fields, hills and landmarks of the area, such as Lincoln Cathedral, Boston Stump and the North Sea.

The route is marked on the Landranger No 122 (Skegness Area) Ordnance Survey map.

History
The route is thought to have been developed by the earliest Celtic settlers of the region and used as a drove road for moving livestock. The primary evidence for this is the route's width compared to nearby routes and its relative distance from existing settlements of the time.

The route continued to be used by the Romano-British, sometimes closely following the original Celtic route and sometimes deviating from it. Between Ulceby and approximately Skendleby the road was straightened by the Romans and formed part of the Roman Road between Lincoln (Lindum Colonia) and the ancient coast around Wainfleet, Burgh le Marsh and Skegness. This Roman Road deviates from the Bluestone Heath Road around Ulceby but runs parallel to it about a mile to the south until it reaches the Tetford/Belchford area.

There is a disputed claim that the road was used as a munitions store during World War II due to its proximity to a number of air fields, together with a local legend that a German Doodlebug or V-2 rocket landed on Tetford Hill but never detonated.

title: Bluestone Heath Road


text:
User talk:JosephWatkins

City of Sails
Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia. That's a lovely photo. Would you mind adding some information on the licence that it's contributed to Wikipedia under, and on who took the photo. Just edit the page at Image:Auckland-CityOfSails.jpg and use of the templates at Image copyright tags to assign an appropriate licence. In general, we would prefer one of the following: Public domain, GFDL, or CC-BY - these are explained at the link.-gadfium 06:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JosephWatkins


text:
User talk:Kannan84

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 06:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

Fair use rationale for Image:Kamaraj.JPG
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Kamaraj.JPG. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ravichandar My coffee shop 18:03, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kannan84


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joobo the King of Wisdom

Joobo the King of Wisdom
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 07:30, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

These people are all NUTS.

Non-notable blog that seems more like an advert. Delete. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 06:13, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete--DNicholls 06:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable, advertising. --Angr/undefined 06:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, maybe this is vindictive but when I saw "Anti-Semitic Leftists at "Wikipedia" Delete Joobo, Accept DailyKos" on the site I decided I wanted to be both anti-Semitic and leftist. In other words, not notable and whiny gren 07:26, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yea, just visited the blog and saw his edits to Daily Kos... Prehaps this guy needs to be enlightened on WP:Civility and just overall good manners =) I mean, for a wise guy, he's not very wise. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 08:34, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Civility aside, I went to his blog, read his "wisdom" and was thouroghly appalled. Tinfoil-hattery at its most preposessing. SPEEDY this if possible. Hamster Sandwich 08:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - even although I'm not one of Wikipedia's "Anti-Semitic Leftists" (as Joobo's site now accuses us of being) --Doc (?) 11:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable blogger.Capitalistroadster 12:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. -- Etacar11   23:59, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn blogger vanity. JamesBurns 09:04, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

These creeps ARE both anti-Semitic and Leftists. Losers, all.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Peri~enwiki

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 06:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Peri. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Peri~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:07, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peri~enwiki


text:
User talk:KraftyNoodle

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 06:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

Creflo Dollar
Please don't take my comments on your vote as an attack, it was not intended as such, and if you interpreted it that way, I apologize. There's a general opinion (though by no means consensus) that IDs which do not have a significant number of edits prior to the vote (some say 50, though I'm not sure that everyone agrees), the vote is discounted. There are large numbers of people who come in and create accounts to vote multiple times on the same issue. It's just an aid to the administrator who closes the vote, to gather further knowledge. You can get your previous edits added to your new ID, although I don't remember how to do that. Go to WP:AN and ask there. John Barleycorn 20:44, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KraftyNoodle


text:
Nemrod

In 1945, Pedro and Juan Vilarrubìs Frerrando brothers found Nemrod Industrias Vilarrubìs, initially dedicated to the manufacturing of diving spearguns. The first spearguns are made with spring, with or without surcompressor followed, two years later, by the rubber Tarzan and Catapulta models. In 1953, the Comodoro pneumatic model is launched, followed by a very long series of models such as Crucero, Fragata, Galeon and, finally, the Clipper series, which will succeed until 1998, distinguishable because of their tank, which went from red to black. In parallel, the rubber speargun production expands, always more requested because of their silence action and precision.

In the meantime, Nemrod distinguishes itself as the main brand developing in Spain in this period among which Casals, Beltran, Parra, Copino; the latter, soon famous for its sophisticated spearguns.

In Nemrod catalogue, near its spearguns in 1957 the Snark III two-hose regulator appears, meant to become the longest-life regulator, being in Nemrod price list for almost thirty years. To note that the roman number in its name does not mean any sequence but the number of pressure reductions; in fact, it is the only three-stage regulator ever produced. The Snark II single-hose double-stage regulator follows, remarkable for its original shape.

In the following years, Nermod product range broadens. In 1966, the Siluro diving camera housing is born and, in 1970, the first Venturi Power fins. The company than, expands in the USA, where imposes itself under the Nemrod by Seamless brand name. Always in the 1970, it associates to the German Metzeler family with which, at the end, it will merge. This partnership becomes one of the largest manufacturers of diving gear, exporting in more than 100 countries and, in the next ten years, its catalogues become richer and richer, with different models of regulators, tanks, suits, buoyancy compensators, fins and, a large choice of accessories.

At the end of 1990, after a period of decline, Nemrod brand disappears.

___________

title: Nemrod


text:
User:Miniguy69

hi my name is miniguy and i live in Australia, Sydney. I love 69 position

title: User:Miniguy69


text: User:Dna-webmaster

title: User:Dna-webmaster


text:
Humberto Vidal explosion

The Humberto Vidal explosion (sometimes also referred to as the Río Piedras explosion) was a gas explosion that occurred on November 21, 1996 at the Humberto Vidal shoe store in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. The explosion killed 33 and wounded 69 others when the building collapsed. It is one of the deadliest disasters to have occurred on the island.

Explosion
The explosion occurred at about 8:35 a.m. on Thursday, November 21, 1996 in the middle of a bustling commercial sector of Río Piedras. The six-story building that housed the Humberto Vidal shoe store, a jewelry store, a music shop store and the head offices of Humberto Vidal was virtually destroyed; it was later demolished.

The immediate theory was that the explosion was caused by a bomb planted by clandestine paramilitaries or even arson because of previous deliberate acts. However, there was no trace of explosives, nor were there flammable materials an arsonist could have used.

United States President Bill Clinton declared Puerto Rico a disaster area, which ensured the receipt of federal aid to help the victims, including the assistance of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which launched an investigation. San Juan Gas Company, owned by Enron Corporation, denied any responsibility, claiming that the building had no gas service at the time of the explosion.

Casualties
The explosion killed 33 victims and wounded 69 others. Most of the victims were inside the building at the moment of the explosion, but others were in the streets surrounding the building. After the explosion, bodies of victims were placed on the pavement in front of the nearby La Milagrosa church, where Cardinal Luis Aponte Martínez administered last rites. "There were just parts of bodies lying in the street, torsos, bones, cars blasted against the building," Police Chief Pedro Toledo said. The owners of the shoe store claimed that they had reported a gas leak to the San Juan Gas Company several days before the explosion.

Investigation
The NTSB's investigation revealed that several persons had reported a gas leak in the building in the days leading up to the explosion, complaining about a bad smell in the store's basement. The store had no gas supply, so another nearby gas line appeared to be the culprit. It was discovered that a gas pipe carrying the heavier-than-air propane gas was broken. A few years earlier, a water main was installed below, which bent the pipe in the process. When the pipe had been installed, it was tightly bent, adding to its stress levels. The addition of the water main caused it to break.

The explosive gas reached the shop basement by migrating around and over pipes, causing the foul odor. However, gas company technicians were unable to detect the gas before the blast. Investigators discovered that holes used to detect gas below ground were only 46 cm deep when the gas was about 120 cm down; therefore, there was no way that the gas could be detected in this manner. Perhaps the most crucial error in detection occurred when a technician turned on his equipment while in the building rather than in fresh air as required, causing a failure to detect gas. The ignition source was found to be an air-conditioning switch with heated wiring.

The San Juan Gas Company vehemently denied responsibility and suggested that the blast could have been caused by sewer gas. However, the lighter-than-air sewer gas collects in the ceiling, while propane collects on the floor. The investigation showed that stored shoes were tossed up by the explosion, meaning that the fuel had to be at ground level. An upward-bent beam was also crucial to determining that the blast had come from below.

Aftermath
The San Juan Gas Company was sued by the victims' families and owners of the businesses affected. There were a total of 1,500 lawsuits presented. Throughout the process, the company admitted no wrongdoing. Of all the lawsuits, 725 were settled out of court, while 101 were ruled against the company. The remaining lawsuits were settled in 2002 for $28 million. There was also criticism of the company's training practices, which management promised to rectify.

According to a city resolution, all underground gas lines in Río Piedras were removed to avoid further tragedies. The area of the explosion now has a mural in remembrance of those who died.

Dramatization
The disaster was examined in the "Puerto Rico Gas Explosion" episode of the documentary series Seconds From Disaster on the National Geographic Channel.

title: Humberto Vidal explosion


text:
Ca din tulnic

Ca din tulnic is a unique type of doina in which the melody resembles a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.

title: Ca din tulnic


text:
File:JoaoGilbertoWhiteAlbum.gif

João Gilberto (João Gilberto), 1973

Fair use in João Gilberto (1973 album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 2) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of the article topic.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original. In particular, copies of the image could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) It is a low resolution image.
 * 5) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:JoaoGilbertoWhiteAlbum.gif


text:
Extensible Metadata Platform

The Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) is an ISO standard, originally created by Adobe Systems Inc., for the creation, processing and interchange of standardized and custom metadata for digital documents and data sets.

XMP standardizes a data model, a serialization format and core properties for the definition and processing of extensible metadata. It also provides guidelines for embedding XMP information into popular image, video and document file formats, such as JPEG and PDF, without breaking their readability by applications that do not support XMP. Therefore, the non-XMP metadata have to be reconciled with the XMP properties. Although metadata can alternatively be stored in a sidecar file, embedding metadata avoids problems that occur when metadata is stored separately.

The XMP data model, serialization format and core properties is published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16684-1:2012 standard.

Data model
The defined XMP data model can be used to store any set of metadata properties. These can be simple name/value pairs, structured values or lists of values. The data can be nested as well. The XMP standard also defines particular namespaces for defined sets of core properties (e.g. a namespace for the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set). Custom namespaces can be used to extend the data model.

An instance of the XMP data model is called an XMP packet. Adding properties to a packet does not affect existing properties. Software to add or modify properties in an XMP packet should leave properties that are unknown to it untouched.

For example, it is useful for recording the history of a resource as it passes through multiple processing steps, from being photographed, scanned, or authored as text, through photo editing steps (such as cropping or color adjustment), to assemble into a final document. XMP allows each software program or device along the workflow to add its own information to a digital resource, which carries its metadata along. The prerequisite is that all involved editors either actively support XMP, or at least do not delete it from the resource.

Serialization
The abstract XMP data model needs a concrete representation when it is stored or embedded into a file. As serialization format, a subset of the W3C RDF/XML syntax is most commonly used. It is a syntax to express a Resource Description Framework graph in XML. There are various equivalent ways to serialize the same XMP packet in RDF/XML.

The most common metadata tags recorded in XMP data are those from the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, which include things like title, description, creator, and so on. The standard is designed to be extensible, allowing users to add their own custom types of metadata into the XMP data. XMP generally does not allow binary data types to be embedded. This means that any binary data one wants to carry in XMP, such as thumbnail images, must be encoded in some XML-friendly format, such as Base64.

XMP metadata can describe a document as a whole (the "main" metadata), but can also describe parts of a document, such as pages or included images. This architecture makes it possible to retain authorship and rights information about, for example, images included in a published document. Similarly, it permits documents created from several smaller documents to retain the original metadata associated with the parts.

Example
This is an example XML document for serialized XMP metadata in a JPEG photo:

This metadata describes various properties of the image like the creator tool, image dimension or a face region within the image.

Embedding
Embedding metadata in files allows easy sharing and transfer of files across products, vendors, platforms, without metadata getting lost. Embedding avoids a multitude of problems coming from proprietary vendor-specific metadata databases.

XMP can be used in several file formats such as PDF, JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XL, GIF, PNG, WebP, HTML, TIFF, Adobe Illustrator, PSD, MP3, MP4, Audio Video Interleave, WAV, RF64, Audio Interchange File Format, PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript, and proposed for DjVu. In a typical edited JPEG file, XMP information is typically included alongside Exif and IPTC Information Interchange Model data.

Location in file types
For more details, the XMP Specification, Part 3 Storage in Files listed below has details on embedding in specific file formats.
 * TIFF – Tag 700
 * JPEG – Application segment 1 (0xFFE1) with segment header " http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\x00 "
 * JPEG 2000 – "uuid" atom with UID of 0xBE7ACFCB97A942E89C71999491E3AFAC
 * JPEG XL – "xml " box type
 * PNG – inside an "iTXt" text block with the keyword "XML:com.adobe.xmp"
 * GIF – as an Application Extension with identifier "XMP Data" and authentication code "XMP"
 * MP3 – inside the ID3 block as a "PRIV" frame with an owner identifier of "XMP".
 * MP4 – top-level "UUID" box with the UUID 0xBE7ACFCB97A942E89C71999491E3AFAC (Same as JPEG 2000)
 * MOV (QuickTime) – "XMP_" atom within a "udta" atom, within a top level "moov" atom.
 * PDF – embedded in a metadata stream contained in a PDF object
 * WebP – inside the file's XMP chunk
 * For file formats that have no support for embedded XMP data, this data can be stored in external .xmp sidecar files.

XMP Toolkit
The XMP Toolkit implements metadata handling in two libraries:
 * XMPCore for creation and manipulation of metadata that follows the XMP Data Model.
 * XMPFiles for embedding serialized metadata in files, and for retrieving embedded metadata.

Adobe provides the XMP Toolkit free of charge under a BSD license. The Toolkit includes specification and usage documents (PDFs), API documentation (doxygen/javadoc), C++ source code (XMPCore and XMPFiles) and Java source code (currently only XMPCore). XMPFiles is currently available as a C++/Java implementation in Windows, Mac OS, Unix/Linux.

Free software and open-source tools (read/write support)

 * Alfresco - open source CMS, DAM component can read/write XMP (Microsoft Windows, Linux)
 * Calibre by Kovid Goyal, an ebook management system that can read and write XMP metadata from some file formats
 * CC PDF Converter - A free open source (GPL) program to convert documents to PDF with embedded Creative-Commons license (Microsoft Windows).
 * darktable - RAW developer, can read/write XMP in supported file formats (Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, BSD)
 * digiKam - open source (GPL) image tagger and organiser (Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows)
 * ExifTool by Phil Harvey, open source Perl module or command line. Can read/write XMP, supports custom XMP schema (platform independent)
 * F-Spot - Linux/GNOME photo manager and editor
 * Geeqie - Lightweight Gtk+ based image manager (formerly GQView)
 * GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program
 * Gwenview - Linux/KDE photo manager and editor
 * iText - Open Source Java library that can read and write XMP embedded in PDF files.
 * Magic Lantern (firmware) - A firmware add-on for various Canon Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras, allowing writing of XMP sidecar files including exposure compensation information for post-deflicker.
 * RawTherapee - Can read "rating" tags from embedded XMP, which are then shown in the File Browser/Filmstrip using RawTherapee's star rating system.
 * Shotwell - Linux/GNOME photo manager, can read/write Exif, IPTC and XMP metadata
 * TYPO3 - open source Enterprise CMS. DAM component reads XMP (PHP based)

Proprietary tools (read/write support)

 * ACDSee Pro can read and write XMP information for DNG, GIF, JPEG, PNG and TIFF files (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X).
 * Acrobat - can read and write XMP in PDF files (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, partially Linux).
 * Aperture - Image management application and RAW developer. Reads/writes XMP sidecar files to (batch) import/export image metadata (Mac OS X).
 * Bibble5 can read/write XMP information for RAW, JPG and TIFF files (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux).
 * Bridge - can read/write and batch edit XMP metadata (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * Capture One - Photo editing and management software. Reads and writes XMP for all supported image formats (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X).
 * Corel AfterShot Pro - RAW processor (Bibble successor), reads/writes XMP, uses XMP sidecar files for non-destructive image processing (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux).
 * Cumulus - DAM software, can read/write XMP for all supported image formats, InDesign and PDF files (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)
 * DBGallery - Can read/write XMP for JPEG, PSD, RAW, TIFF, DNG, PNG, GIF, JP2, PJX, MPG, MP4, MPEG, MOV (Microsoft Windows).  Multi-user, central database system.
 * FastPictureViewer - Image viewer (Windows) with XMP embedding and/or sidecar files creation (xmp:Rating, xmp:Label, photoshop:Urgency) (Microsoft Windows)
 * FrameMaker - publishing tool. Stores document metadata in XMP since version 7.0 (Microsoft Windows)
 * Illustrator - illustration software, writes document metadata in XMP (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * Indesign - page layout software, can pass through XMP in placed objects, writes extensive XMP about document contents in layout documents and exported PDF (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * iOS Photos app - Saves edits made to photos on an iPhone/iPad losslessly as XMP embedded in the original JPEG.
 * Lightroom - Image management application and RAW developer. Uses XMP for non-destructive image manipulation and import/export of metadata (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * Microsoft Windows Vista - Photo Gallery saves tags to XMP (Microsoft Windows)
 * Photo Mechanic - Reads and writes XMP directly into image files or into XMP sidecar files.
 * Photoshop - can read/write XMP in supported images. Allows embedding of non standard XMP data through 'custom XMP panels' (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * PicaJet - Can read XMP for JPG, TIFF and DNG formats (Microsoft Windows).
 * Picasa - Image organizer/viewer, uses XMP for face tagging (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)
 * PixelPeeper - can read Exif and XMP metadata from JPG files. Also, it can turn XMP metadata into Lightroom-compatible presets.
 * Portfolio - DAM software, can read/write XMP in supported file formats (Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X)
 * Stibo STEP - DAM component reads/writes XMP for all supported formats
 * Windows Imaging Component - Microsoft library for working with and processing digital images and image metadata (Microsoft Windows)
 * Windows Live Photo Gallery - a photo management and sharing application released as a part of Microsoft's Windows Live initiative. It is an upgraded version of Windows Photo Gallery, which is a part of Windows Vista.
 * XnView - can read/write Exif, IPTC and XMP information.
 * Zoner Photo Studio - can read/write Exif, IPTC and XMP information for DNG, JPEG, TIFF, HDP and various RAW files (Microsoft Windows).

The mainstream IPTC Information Interchange Model editing tools also support editing of XMP data.

Licensing
XMP is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The XMP specification became an ISO standard and is not proprietary anymore.

Initially, Adobe released source code for the XMP SDK under a license called the ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED — OPEN SOURCE LICENSE. The compatibility of this license with the GNU General Public License has been questioned. The license is not listed on the list maintained by the Open Source Initiative and is different from the licenses for most of their open source software.

On May 14, 2007, Adobe released the XMP Toolkit SDK under a standard BSD license.

On August 28, 2008, Adobe posted a public patent license for the XMP. Adobe continues to distribute these documents under the XMP Specification Public Patent License.

History
XMP was first introduced by Adobe in April 2001 as part of the Adobe Acrobat 5.0 software product. Before that, it was called XAP (Extensible Authoring and Publishing) as internal code name.

On June 21, 2004, Adobe announced its collaboration with the International Press Telecommunications Council. In July 2004, a working group led by Adobe Systems' Gunar Penikis and IPTC's Michael Steidl was set up, and volunteers were recruited from AFP (Agence France-Presse), Associated Press, ControlledVocabulary.com, IDEAlliance, Mainichi Shimbun, Reuters, and others, to develop the new schema.

The "IPTC Core Schema for XMP" version 1.0 specification was released publicly on March 21, 2005. A set of custom panels for Adobe Photoshop CS can be downloaded from the IPTC. The package includes a User's Guide, example photos with embedded XMP information, the specification document, and an implementation guide for developers. The "User's Guide to the IPTC Core" goes into detail about how each of the fields should be used and is also available directly as a PDF. The next version of the Adobe Creative Suite (CS2) included these custom panels as part of its default set.

The Windows Photo Gallery, released with Windows Vista, offers support for the XMP standard, the first time Microsoft has released metadata compatibility beyond Exif.

title: Extensible Metadata Platform


text:
User:SquirrelKabob

An account among very many. Many of these share editing patters (e.g. dates) with each other, they have common traits identified here, they participate in the same V/AfDs as one another, sometimes on opposing sides and share closely similar topical interests. -Splash - tk 02:15, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User:SquirrelKabob


text:
User:PhilCollins

Areas of expertise
Collegiate American football, professional American football, modern history, classical history, classics, Latin, biorgraphy.

title: User:PhilCollins


text: User talk:193.43.108.11

title: User talk:193.43.108.11


text:
Talk:Fire drill

what about the bow-drills or hand drills used to make fire without matches or other modern methods? The topic is probably posted elsewhere, but there should be a link.

Fire Drills in New Zealand
I think it's weird that an unplanned fire alarm activation does not count as a fire drill in New Zealand. It's a little redundant. If the fire alarms were legitimately activated and everyone evacuated according to plan, you definitely got the practice in. I know that schools have to plan them in advance. This would be like America's Emergency Alert System - you don't have to do a Weekly Required Test when the EAS has been activated legitimately. CoolSwitch4212 (talk) 15:12, 11 November 2019 (UTC)Coolswitch4212

 * An unplanned evacuation is by definition not a fire drill, however in many jurisdictions an unplanned evacuation can replace a required fire drill. 2600:1006:B184:7B4F:0:52:7FDC:A001 (talk) 06:15, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

Fire drills in Rhode Island
Where does it say in the statute that fire drills must be unannounced and at random intervals? SchuminWeb (Talk) 22:29, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Limited geographic scope
I put the limited geographic scope on this page because there is a lot of information on U.S fire drills but nothing on other countries. If I can spare the time, I will try and improve this article.

Ed 15:42, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that another problem is that this article is rapidly turning into a list of fire drill regulations. I'll take care of that one, likely forking it off to its own article.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 06:01, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

I'd like to see something about fire readiness procedures in China, even if only to distinguish it from the other kind of Chinese fire drill. But I imagine it might not be easy because of the kung fu net. --Damian Yerrick (talk) 18:26, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

shortened form of chinese fire drill
I don't understand why it makes sense to include in this article the fact that the term fire drill is often used as a shortened form of a chinese fire drill if we aren't going to also say that, as a matter of fact, people often use the this phrase without the pejorative connotation. I say we either properly explain the way "fire drill" is actually used or we leave the whole matter about its use out. --24.2.93.224 05:29, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * A wikilink to Chinese fire drill exists, which covers that concept in more detail than this article. If a user wants to learn more about Chinese fire drills, then they can click the link and look.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 07:53, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Not sure if I follow since it seems like the question here is how people are using the phrase "fire drill" not how they are using the phrase "chinese fire drill." If it belongs anywhere it would be on the fire drill page though I could see an argument for putting it on both. Thinking about it more, none of this usage stuff belongs in an encyclopedia article on fire drill. I'm going to delete the whole section. --64.161.137.66 10:09, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

New Jersey security drill law! (please read)
Very important article about New Jersey's fire drill law! They may continue with 2 fire drills per month and require 1 security drill per month! http://www.njpsa.org/agr/news.cfm?newsid=941 167.93.38.143 (talk) 14:41, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd adopt a wait-and-see approach on this and wait for more sources before modifying the article. SchuminWeb (Talk) 23:13, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

I dislike the tendency towards Yellow Journalism in so much of the Wikipedia content. "Controversy about Fire Drills" get real! There might be some room to debate whether a color-coded fire drill would have helped in any disaster situation. Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden did not achieve their "target", so predictability of target movements didn't optimize lethality in their attack. Variability doesn't seem like a useful factor. As a substitute teacher myself, the concept of trying to know where several different staging points are could make a fire drill a career-ending day for a sub. I think that the way that I've worded the W content now encourages people to read the cited article without trying to sensationalize it. Since I went through the cited article (bleeack!!), I could hardly see evidence that these were thoughts from more than one person and I'll add my editorial that that particular author might want to model his ideas. In a real emergency, the time spent waiting to hear what color was announced over the public address system to assemble at could equate to lives lost. I doubt that most PA systems are tied to emergency power. User:MathInclined — Preceding undated comment added 23:57, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

MathInclined - I'm not a teacher, but I agree with you. Waiting for someone to go over the PA and state which color the emergency is can be a life-or-death situation. User:CoolSwitch4212 —Preceding undated comment added 15:18, 11 November 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Fire drill. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120307233036/http://www.nasbe.org/HealthySchools/States/states.asp?Name=Connecticut to http://www.nasbe.org/HealthySchools/States/states.asp?Name=Connecticut
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090220055409/http://www.com.state.oh.us:80/sfm/pub/SchoolFireDrillsLtr.pdf to http://www.com.state.oh.us/SFM/pub/SchoolFireDrillsLtr.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050119212514/http://www.salkeiz.k12.or.us:80/district/risk/manual/saf/fl6.htm to http://www.salkeiz.k12.or.us/district/risk/manual/saf/fl6.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:16, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Fire drill. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050119212514/http://www.salkeiz.k12.or.us:80/district/risk/manual/saf/fl6.htm to http://www.salkeiz.k12.or.us/district/risk/manual/saf/fl6.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:12, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Dead reference
The link for Reference 50 on this article does not work anymore. CoolSwitch4212 (talk) 13:03, 22 October 2020 (UTC)Coolswitch4212

title: Talk:Fire drill


text:
Talk:Milford Track

'Kiwi' Term too colloquial?
Use of the term 'Kiwi' referring to New Zealand Citizens is perhaps a little colloquial?

Suggest either WikiLinking to 'Kiwi(person)' or replacing with 'New Zealand Citizen' (or similar) Any suggestions?

I agree that "Kiwi" might be a little colloquial. (It was me that originally authored that little bit.) I'm not a native of New Zealand and have only been there for about three weeks, but I have never heard any terms for a native other than "Kiwi" and "New Zealander." Perhaps "New Zealander" would have a better connotation? I'm not sure it's necessary to say "New Zealand Citizen." Perhaps a New Zealand native would offer some advice? Pwilt328 22:16, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes we love the term 'kiwi' but I'm unsure also about it being understood clearly as meaning a person from New Zealand. I believe New Zealander is perfectly ok to use. If the 'kiwi' is used in inverted commas that could signal a special use of the term, but I think Kiwi(person) is a bit technical for the typical reader of an article. If kiwi or Kiwi is disambiguated then I see no issues at all in its use.moza 12:37, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I would prefer just the phrasing "New Zealand poet". Remy B 12:43, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

To Do list

 * Elaboration on route of track.
 * Points of interest along the track.
 * DOC huts along track (both 'independant' and 'guided')  by the way the guided huts are not DOC owned.
 * Some more pictures eg on a great day the view from the pass out to the sea

 * I plan on contributing sometime, when I get my images out of storage, it truly is an awesome walk.moza 12:37, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree on all the to do's except for more pictures. I know it is a great walk but this is an encyclopedia, not a coffee table book. I've been looking at a bunch of other tracks and hiking trail articles, and most have one picture - that should be enough to whet the appetite and look at external links. I could suggest uploading your images to flickr or similar service and putting a link from your user page. If you have great ones, by all means upload to the commons. RosinDebow 20:46, 21 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I think its ok to be 'text centric' or 'image centric' thats the rich texture of humanity.. but I'm unlikely to push for more pics, I'll just take them and give them as I see fit. Likewise I will probably continue to be mining more text data and bringing here, including my life collections of such information. The reality is that both centre-ings have their pros and cons; try and describe the Milford Track certificate in words, or the view to the airport from the highest point. Try andd  describe the shape of the glacier cut valleys. Its all possible but a pic is worth a thousand words sometimes. A side track takes walkers to the highest waterfall in New Zealand. After 3 days of walking the prospect of climbing back up a 1000ft rough track for 2 hours return, is daunting. I think the view at the end of that diversion is worth a place in an encyclopedic article. Ancient trees with moss could be another unique feature, as could the colour of th ewater in the rivers, impossible to describe adequately in text. having said all that though, what is the ACTUAL rationale for reducing pic content?moza 11:29, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * To clarify, I did not propose reducing the pic content, I stated what the norm is on Wikipedia and proposed not adding any more. Since I'm a new editor, when I am creating a new article I survey other similar articles for content and style. The main reason is to be consistent. Since I have not found any guidelines on appropriate use of images in hiking trail articles, I defer to common practice and community consensus building through forums like this. I agree with you that pictures are worth 1000 words - however, it is important that they support the text - also consider the needs of visually impaired people who can only read the text. The image/text balance might be a good issue to raise with WikiProject_Hiking_Trails. RosinDebow 15:34, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * ok but why is the norm the norm? it might not be consensus, it may be simply that there havent been enough pics in the past. I dont know, but consensus is a variable thing too, just like there may be more pics on music festivals compared with hiking trails, there are likely more pics on articles built by photographers compared with articles built by librarians. My observation is that its quite variable, and is related to the article and the sub-group of editors involved. Perhaps the typical accepted balance could be found in the featured articles? Recently The Catlins was feature article of the day, and its not far from the Milford Track, and it does have nice pics. Whatever, I looked at my library last night, and my pics really arent good enough overall, there are 2 very good ones, but the rest will do until someone delivers better. There is a process called peer review that can be used to streamline articles AFTER they are built up to featured article candidate, and that will help us understand the consensus around this one. Now for a reality check: Todays featured article James II of England has 7 info boxes and 3 images, yesterday's featured article Michigan State University has an info box and 21 images, the day before Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport has 9 images and 5 charts, the day before that Henry James has 7 images. The Catlins has 8 pics and an info box with map. see What is a featured article?.moza 22:49, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Summary_style

 * "Since Wikipedia is not divided into a macropaedia, micropaedia, and concise versions like Encyclopaedia Britannica is, we must serve all three user types in the same encyclopedia. Summary style is based on the premise that information about a topic should not all be contained in a single article since different readers have different needs;

* many readers need just a quick summary of the topic's most important points (lead section), * others need a moderate amount of info on the topic's more important points (a set of multi-paragraph sections), and * some readers need a lot of detail on one or more aspects of the topic (links to full-sized separate articles).

We must serve all groups.".

 * From that brief survey of the current state of affairs, I think that there is room to move attitudes in this area, and I dont think that the quantity of pics on its own is relevant, its how the pics and text are used together that counts.moza 22:49, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * how the pics and text are used together that counts - I agree. I reviewed the peer review process for featured article candidates, but suggest that consensus building on article content can and should happen before that stage. In any case, I didn't mean to discourage, and hope that you will start contributing to the article! RosinDebow 03:09, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Guided walk ads
I have removed the in-text links to an external company providing guided walks on the Milford track. It was written as if promoting the company - Refer to WP:NOT (Point 3). I have however added that particular link to the External Links section. Goldfinger820 00:41, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Helicopters
I'm half tempted to add an observation that the great experience is blighted by the continual buzzing of helicopters and light planes up and down the valley on the last day of the walk. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412322 Greglocock 22:47, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Milford Track