text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for investigation/Archives/2005/07

Severe
A user using about 15 or so AOL IPs, each starting with 64.12.*, have been adding anti-Howard Dean related content (adding messages signed with Howard Dean, which links to Communist). It has also been adding random articles such as Giantmagnetofdoom on a similar theme. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 19:59, 9 July 2005 (UTC) Goodgerster

 * Omarion -- this article appears to have fallen victim to sustained vandalism, and because I don't know much about the subject's history, I can't pin down which users are vandals and which are correcting. One vandal appears to be registered, actually, User:Krystyn_Dominik, and is vandalizing things while describing his edits as "Reverting vandalism."  However, there seems to be a history of alterations and I'm not certain where.  For example, one earlier draft of the text has him as the lead singer of a "boy band" named "Wu Tang Clan", another the lead singer of a "boy band" named "BMX" -- obviously Wu Tang Clan wasn't a boy band, but I can't tell whether he was the lead singer for Wu Tang Clan, or whether he was the lead singer for BMX, and whether the latter was a boy band, because I don't listen to either group.  I noticed this while seeking to expand upon the controversy with the press release Omarion issued following the bombings.  Here's the article the way I left it -- I suspect it'll be vandalized by the time you see it again. — WCityMike (T July 9, 2005 18:38 (UTC)
 * Omarion -- this article appears to have fallen victim to sustained vandalism, and because I don't know much about the subject's history, I can't pin down which users are vandals and which are correcting. One vandal appears to be registered, actually, User:Krystyn_Dominik, and is vandalizing things while describing his edits as "Reverting vandalism."  However, there seems to be a history of alterations and I'm not certain where.  For example, one earlier draft of the text has him as the lead singer of a "boy band" named "Wu Tang Clan", another the lead singer of a "boy band" named "BMX" -- obviously Wu Tang Clan wasn't a boy band, but I can't tell whether he was the lead singer for Wu Tang Clan, or whether he was the lead singer for BMX, and whether the latter was a boy band, because I don't listen to either group.  I noticed this while seeking to expand upon the controversy with the press release Omarion issued following the bombings.  Here's the article the way I left it -- I suspect it'll be vandalized by the time you see it again. — WCityMike (T July 9, 2005 18:38 (UTC)
 * Omarion -- this article appears to have fallen victim to sustained vandalism, and because I don't know much about the subject's history, I can't pin down which users are vandals and which are correcting. One vandal appears to be registered, actually, User:Krystyn_Dominik, and is vandalizing things while describing his edits as "Reverting vandalism."  However, there seems to be a history of alterations and I'm not certain where.  For example, one earlier draft of the text has him as the lead singer of a "boy band" named "Wu Tang Clan", another the lead singer of a "boy band" named "BMX" -- obviously Wu Tang Clan wasn't a boy band, but I can't tell whether he was the lead singer for Wu Tang Clan, or whether he was the lead singer for BMX, and whether the latter was a boy band, because I don't listen to either group.  I noticed this while seeking to expand upon the controversy with the press release Omarion issued following the bombings.  Here's the article the way I left it -- I suspect it'll be vandalized by the time you see it again. — WCityMike (T July 9, 2005 18:38 (UTC)
 * Omarion -- this article appears to have fallen victim to sustained vandalism, and because I don't know much about the subject's history, I can't pin down which users are vandals and which are correcting. One vandal appears to be registered, actually, User:Krystyn_Dominik, and is vandalizing things while describing his edits as "Reverting vandalism."  However, there seems to be a history of alterations and I'm not certain where.  For example, one earlier draft of the text has him as the lead singer of a "boy band" named "Wu Tang Clan", another the lead singer of a "boy band" named "BMX" -- obviously Wu Tang Clan wasn't a boy band, but I can't tell whether he was the lead singer for Wu Tang Clan, or whether he was the lead singer for BMX, and whether the latter was a boy band, because I don't listen to either group.  I noticed this while seeking to expand upon the controversy with the press release Omarion issued following the bombings.  Here's the article the way I left it -- I suspect it'll be vandalized by the time you see it again. — WCityMike (T July 9, 2005 18:38 (UTC)
 * Omarion -- this article appears to have fallen victim to sustained vandalism, and because I don't know much about the subject's history, I can't pin down which users are vandals and which are correcting. One vandal appears to be registered, actually, User:Krystyn_Dominik, and is vandalizing things while describing his edits as "Reverting vandalism."  However, there seems to be a history of alterations and I'm not certain where.  For example, one earlier draft of the text has him as the lead singer of a "boy band" named "Wu Tang Clan", another the lead singer of a "boy band" named "BMX" -- obviously Wu Tang Clan wasn't a boy band, but I can't tell whether he was the lead singer for Wu Tang Clan, or whether he was the lead singer for BMX, and whether the latter was a boy band, because I don't listen to either group.  I noticed this while seeking to expand upon the controversy with the press release Omarion issued following the bombings.  Here's the article the way I left it -- I suspect it'll be vandalized by the time you see it again. — WCityMike (T July 9, 2005 18:38 (UTC)

keeps on vandalizing the article and talk page of 4chan. Has been warned a few times. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 9 July 2005 07:06 (UTC) Constantly edits the London bombing article to include hateful and violent material about Osama bin Laden and the Al-Qaida. ShadowMan1od 9 July 2005 05:37 (UTC) ,, , , -- Several users are repeatedly adding different bits of nonsense to The UK Board and its VfD discussion. A и D я 01D TALK  EMAIL  July 9, 2005 01:34 (UTC)
 * made numerous (largely anti-semitic) edits to 7 July 2005 London bombings  and to several user pages, notably that of User:Zscout370. Was blocked by User:Thryduulf and identical vandalism has started again from, presumably the same moron person. Oh, and the original IP now has a userpage which seems to indicate membership of that delightful bunch of trolls, the Gay Nigger Association of America Grutness...  wha?  9 July 2005 13:59 (UTC)
 * And back again as Grutness...  wha?  00:26, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * He struck my pages with this IP four times. Not sure what his beef with me is. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 02:44, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Messes around with Star Wars Episode V and repeatedly vandalizes it. Redwolf24 9 July 2005 11:27 (UTC)
 * ((--WooBarb 9 July 2005 01:46 (UTC))) I'd just like to say that I did nothing wrong in The UK Board fiasco. Some people just don't take kindly to the efforts of others. It had been edited within seconds of posting.
 * ,, , , , . A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  July 9, 2005 01:50 (UTC)

-- user is rapidly, 3-4 pages/minute, going through random articles and changing tenses, numerical values and formats. May be a bot. Requesting 24 hour block. Icelight July 8, 2005 16:53 (UTC)

-- replacing multiple articles with "fu-- you", "i'm gay", etc. RossenV 7 July 2005 19:36 (UTC)

 * Nazi architecture

Hello,

I created the category "Category:Nazi architecture" may I enquire why someone has posted a message at the top that it requires a "Clean Up" ?

The majority of the links are to Nazi buildings, Nazi Architects, Nazi misc and other relevant architectural pages.

So my question is why have you slated it for clean up ?

Seems like someone is trigger happy with their clean up post button !!

Endurance 7 July 2005 14:52 (UTC)

 * This notice was added by Endurance with the addition of the Category template. It's probably a bad idea in general to post cleanup tags on templates.  Doesn't sound like severe vandalism to me. Bovlb 2005-07-07 15:15:18 (UTC)

 * I question the "good faith" of someone who blanks their talk page and says "I don't like Wiki-Weirdo's !! So stop posting on my UserTalk page unless absolutely necessary !!!". Wikibofh 7 July 2005 19:46 (UTC)

-- User is inserting (mostly) PD texts here and then changing them to make himself look like the author. Continuously vandalized them through the VfD process. Examples are Votes_for_deletion/Psychology_of_beauty and Votes_for_deletion/Ancient_Law. Looks like he accidentally chose something that might actually be copyvio at Mind at mischief. Further vandalizing from. This one is pretty bad as we have to spend a lot of time figuring out the source, is it PD, attributing it, figuring out of we can wikisource, going through VfD, etc... Wikibofh 6 July 2005 22:02 (UTC)
 * User has been warned. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 22:42 (UTC)

-- multiple spurious VfD listings. Created Votes for deletion/George W. Bush with seven fictitious votes and has put VfD tags on other manifestly legitimate articles. JamesMLane 6 July 2005 21:33 (UTC)
 * no I haven't, the only VFD was george bush and that was formal aside from the vote rigging 172.136.105.194 6 July 2005 21:35 (UTC)
 * User has been blocked. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk July 6, 2005 22:11 (UTC)

Repeated acts of vandalism on University and country level articles. Contributions show 11 acts of vandalism against Louisiana State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Pakistan, Pakistani American. This diff shows an example of the obscene comments left by the vandal, who has been warned 3 times so far. --Ragib 6 July 2005 18:40 (UTC)
 * Ok, today the vandal added Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago and Bahamas to his vandalism targets. Would *ANY* admin please take notice? This is the 2nd consecutive day of vandalism. --Ragib 6 July 2005 22:28 (UTC)
 * I am looking - as vandals go this really isn't "severe". I warned them again - if they vandalise another article I will block them.  Guettarda 6 July 2005 22:36 (UTC)
 * Ahh sorry, I've gone ahead and blocked. They have had plenty of warnings. Recent edits are less obviously vandalism as opposed to POV pushing, but I'm not convinced they are made in good faith. -- Solipsist 6 July 2005 22:39 (UTC)
 * I think you are simply black ;) Is racism illegal or what? It's just another oppinion you have to learn to respect. 217.25.194.150

and numerous others in the 203.40.xxx.xxx range -- Extremely persistent re-creations of a hoax page. Look for any new pages about a "Tony newell" or some permutation of the name (look at the protection log on July 5th for a full record of all the attempted titles this person has used). Judging from yesterday's binge he may be back, so be alert; since it's a dynamic IP it will be anywhere within this range. Antandrus (talk) 5 July 2005 15:20 (UTC)
 * Here is the list of pages - Fuzheado | Talk 6 July 2005 02:54 (UTC)

 * Anthony (tony) Newell
 * Anthony Newell
 * Anthony Newell OAM
 * Anthony Robert Newell
 * SIR ANTHONY ROBERT NEWELL OAM
 * Sir Anthony (Tony) Newell
 * Sir Anthony (Tony) Robert Newell
 * Sir Anthony Newell
 * Sir Anthony Robert Newell
 * Sir Tony (Anthony) Robert Newell
 * Sir Tony Newell
 * Sir Tony Newell OAM
 * Tony (Anthony) Newell
 * Tony Newell
 * Tony Newell OAM
 * Tony Robert Newell
 * Tony newell
 * Tony robert newell

-- Replacing articles with "DROP DEAD-Thank you and good night." Zscout370 (Sound Off) 5 July 2005 02:23 (UTC)
 * It's AOL, and coming from numerous IPs in the 172 range (oh, and probably GNAA if anyone cares). I say we shut down the entire 172.xxx.xxx.xxx range for 15 minutes if they come back. Antandrus  (talk) 5 July 2005 02:25 (UTC)

 * Yup. He's back.  Same BS via 172.159.60.125.  This time, he's even recreating vandal stub titles and plugging this crap into the main body.  AOL's TOS department is extremely responsive to cutting this behavior at the roots, BTW. - Lucky 6.9 5 July 2005 18:03 (UTC)

-- is making huge, sexually insulting text dumps aimed at other users. - Lucky 6.9 5 July 2005 00:33 (UTC)
 * They're still coming. Looks like the work of Mr. Treason.  PLEASE block this idiot. - Lucky 6.9 5 July 2005 00:42 (UTC)
 * Now they're coming from . Would an admin please contact AOL as this idiot is in violation of his TOS? - Lucky 6.9 5 July 2005 00:49 (UTC)

-- has made very small edits on countless music articles over the past few months, changes dates, adds misinformation, removes links and de wikifies pages. Jobe6 July 4, 2005 17:45 (UTC)
 * IP is registered to Comcast Communications according to WHOIS. I'll add a shared IP template. --Chanting Fox 4 July 2005 18:23 (UTC)

-- Deleted entire article on Hamilton and replaced it with a personal attack --

-- very fast pace of de-linking almost everything in certain articles.

 * He's certainly doing a lot of work, but I see no evidence that this is vandalism. He is simply adding countires of origin and in some cases removing links. I suggest using his talk page if you disagree with what he is doing. DJ Clayworth 4 July 2005 17:22 (UTC)

-- Various small edits. Persistent. --NymphadoraTonks 2 July 2005 14:42 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, this IP address is registered to NTL and is shared by multiple users. Thus, we can only block it for short periods. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 2 July 2005 17:47 (UTC)

-- Repeatedly vandalising userpages of WHEELER and Sam Spade as well as George W. Bush. --NymphadoraTonks 2 July 2005 14:37 (UTC)
 * Another NTL IP address. Fortunately, this one appears to be registered to the Cambridge County Council rather than directly to NTL. --Chanting Fox 4 July 2005 03:11 (UTC)

 Magic vandals  (El Bandito Magicko) A wide range of one-time anon accounts, together with user:Broothal, are removing "secret" info from a variety of magic trick related articles. They falsely claim the tricks are "copyrighted" (the fact that a trick can't be copyrighted has been explained to them on WP:RD). Broothal has been warned for vandalism, but the attacks persist (the wide range of IP addresses suggests it's coming from a magic mailing list). There's no point in blocking these addresses, as they're all used only very briefly. Affected articles include: King levitation, Out of This World (card trick), Metamorphosis trick, Spoon bending, Chinese linking rings, Cut and restore rope trick, Balducci levitation, Bullet catch, Cut and restore rope trick, and Billet reading. I'd appreciate help in monitoring and reverting these guys. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk July 1, 2005 16:24 (UTC)
 * They're a pesky bunch, aren't they?   — Rickyrab | Talk 1 July 2005 17:24 (UTC)
 * I had _great_ fun reading all the articles on magic. I learned a lot! Thanks to this guy tagging all of them with reversions and drawing attn. to them!! These would have been more secret if he hadn't bothered to vandalize! - If I were a betting man-- and I am -- I'd say it was one person from Columbus, Ohio (98% sure)with rotating IPs/proxies or a public bank of computers...--Muchosucko 2 July 2005 20:46 (UTC)
 * Attacks continue, still refuses to discuss or negociate. Accounts include:,  (permanently blocked), , , ,
 * Attacks continue. This ip is also 98% Columbus, Ohio. Economy unfavorable to magicians in the Midwest.--Muchosucko 4 July 2005 02:20 (UTC)

220.253.117.216 Please look at my personal page at first before reverting. This is in relation to edit war in only as much as same user in edit war is vandalizing personal page. Same user has been placing inappropriate biography as follows with the statement :"enjoy being buttfucked by guys with big cocks". Smoddy reverted earlier tonight. Kennethtennyson 30 June 2005 03:57 (UTC)
 * User has been blocked. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 30, 2005 17:34 (UTC)

Perpetuating something called a "Wiki War" with articles at Wiki War and another at Bryan Bennett. This joker clearly knows his way around a wiki site. Also operating as User:Jakob78731 - Lucky 6.9 29 June 2005 16:45 (UTC)
 * Bryan Bennett page is now protected against creation. Stewart Adcock 29 June 2005 17:48 (UTC)

Keeps recreating BIGGEST ASSHOLE Elfguy 29 June 2005 15:21 (UTC)
 * Article protected from recreation. - Mgm|(talk) June 30, 2005 07:41 (UTC)

 * IP address is registered to AOL. --Chanting Fox 4 July 2005 03:13 (UTC)

-- See User:Kennethtennyson. Vandal faked my biography and added sordid gay literature. Do not know how to block vandal. Kennethtennyson 29 June 2005 01:20 (UTC)
 * User has been warned. Will monitor. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:51 (UTC)
 * 88% certain that IP is from Los Angeles, California, US. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:58 (UTC)
 * Why 88%, and not some other percentage?   — Rickyrab | Talk 1 July 2005 05:42 (UTC)

 * The percentage corresponds to the certainty that Geobytes has as to the geographical location of an IP address that is traced using Geobytes. --Chanting Fox 4 July 2005 18:20 (UTC)

-- I suggest an imediate life time banning. -- See 82.70.209.230. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:08 (UTC) -- Targeting user as well as blanking articles/replacing with penis image. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:00 (UTC)
 * Blocked for 24 hours. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:08 (UTC)
 * Already blocked; will monitor for 1 week. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:00 (UTC)
 * 70% certain that IP is from London, UK. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:14 (UTC)

Subtle but deliberate vandalism to Pel%C3%A9, and probably also Sport Club Corinthians Paulista. Have checked a couple of other edits and they seem valid. Has been warned. --Mintie 1 July 2005 02:00 (UTC)
 * Has since vandalised flap. --Mintie 2 July 2005 07:38 (UTC)
 * No activity since then. --Mintie 7 July 2005 03:49 (UTC)

Changing BOT2K3 article, inserting profanities and gay insults (hateful material) plus spreading lies about the project. See difference between old & new article:

Have been vandalizing Roger_Federer and Andy_Roddick pages. These are probably popular pages today, as Federer won Wimbeldon today, defeating Roddick. -- BMIComp (talk) 4 July 2005 05:58 (UTC)

Removal of Oappy VfD notice and removal of VfD comments for it. -- BMIComp (talk) 5 July 2005 04:46 (UTC)

Many and frequent vandalisms (Live 8, the Duff sisters, multiple bigoted and racist revisions). This IP should be blocked. -- Erskine, 11 July 2005

vandalizing pages Don Henley and The Eagles by changing facts pertaining to Henley (such as birth year 1947 --> 1953). Also, making suspicious edits to Dave Mason and 1947 in music. I warned him already about the Henley stuff (which I was knowledgeable enough to revert). —  F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  05:14, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

adding large amounts of hateful lies to Muslim Brotherhood (twice in 24 hours, most recently by replacing the entire page with text from here), as well as to Morgan Spurlock and Rice burner. Beroul --Beroul 08:49, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

- Wiping prominent pages such as Help and Community Portal with "error 404 FILE NOT FOUND"

Moderate
-- Keeps altering pope, removing much of the article and instead replacing it with numerous bible verses. --Blu Aardvark 9 July 2005 15:37 (UTC)

-- Blank'r. Hit Huricane Danny, D-Day and todays featured article. Posted a warning. Donovan Ravenhull 8 July 2005 18:33 (UTC)
 * Just hit (non-blank, but flat out vandalism) European Union as I typed this. Donovan Ravenhull 8 July 2005 18:33 (UTC)

-- keeps creating junk articles and blanks deletion messages - Aaron Hill July 8, 2005 04:07 (UTC)

-- blanked vfd message on hemadrone, and also blanked the conents of the vfd vote. Grutness...  wha?  7 July 2005 14:01 (UTC)
 * possibly now also using the new user name of user:Joeschmo99. Grutness...  wha?

-- Replacing the text on CGI, PL/SQL and PhpWiki with various links. Aegicen 7 July 2005 12:10 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppets/other IPs:

 * Whois shows:

Atrivo ATRIVOTECHNOLOGIES (NET-69-50-160-0-1) 69.50.160.0 - 69.50.191.255 Psychz PSYCHZ (NET-69-50-184-0-1) 69.50.184.0 - 69.50.184.255
 * test3 added to all talk pages. Wikibofh 7 July 2005 13:42 (UTC)

 * Wow...this one is prolific. Found another article at PL/I.  I'd argue we're looking at severe.

 * I'll add test3 to any that don't have it. Wikibofh 7 July 2005 13:48 (UTC)

 * More from Atrivo/Psychz, including damage to AcroWiki (new page!) and Wiki Game
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)
 * test3 added to these pages. Nigosh 8 July 2005 20:21 (UTC)

 * 16 July: Created linkspam page WikidPad, vandalised PhpWiki, PL/I, Wiki Game & PL/SQL
 * test3 added Nigosh 13:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * test3 added Nigosh 13:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * test3 added Nigosh 13:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * test3 added Nigosh 13:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * test3 added Nigosh 13:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

-- Adding nonsense/vanity articles that garner exactly zero Google hits. Keeps removing speedy delete notices; refuses to answer inquiries on talk page. - Lucky 6.9 7 July 2005 05:22 (UTC)

-- Rapidly (up to 3 per minute) creating rap-related album stubs that just contain a track list, musician substubs, and musician copyvios. Unresponsive to requests to put tags on the articles so they don't get lost. Not malicious, but troublesome just the same. Gazpacho 7 July 2005 02:52 (UTC)
 * This guy has left a horrible mess in his wake. Looks like a bot; nothing more than track listings.  Couldn't even be bothered to put the name of the artist!! - Lucky 6.9 7 July 2005 05:24 (UTC)
 * This user is continuing after a break. Keeps adding copyvio and reverted the copyvio banner at Sunz of Man. Requesting 24-hour block to get his attention. Gazpacho 7 July 2005 20:30 (UTC)
 * Still going, with over 50 contributions. Not to spot falling sky, but it is getting really annoying. (note that they also almost all fail the WP:MUSIC test for notability, and there may be a problem later if the user sees that we have tried to delete and/or merge them.) Icelight July 8, 2005 06:18 (UTC)

-- Insists on calling for a VFD on George W. Bush Has violated 3RR. A и D я 01D TALK  EMAIL  July 6, 2005 21:36 (UTC)

" deleted the entire Young Frankenstein article and replaced it with Shut up!. Looking at his talk page, he has already been repeatedly warned about vandalism. (5pm GMT July 6)

-- Blanking numerous pages, replacing content with "witty" remarks. Has been repeatedly warned. Atlant 6 July 2005 15:38 (UTC)

-- Been a naughty little monkey all day long with nonsense articles. Continues despite repeated warning. - Lucky 6.9 6 July 2005 00:55 (UTC)

(Also User:Texasstate) — These two addresses are apparently the same user. Repeatedly added comments to Texas State University-San Marcos, despite being asked not to; the latest was obscene. Added copyrighted material to that same article. Blanked Terrell Hills, Texas. Added obscene comments to my user page. — Mateo SA | talk June 29, 2005 05:33 (UTC); July 2, 2005 16:18 (UTC); July 5, 2005 23:12 (UTC)

-- Vandalizing Chapeltown for the last 2 hours. Blanks the article, although earlier versions involved random insertions. Wikibofh 5 July 2005 18:23 (UTC)
 * This address is in process of blanking many articles seemingly at random. -EDM 5 July 2005 18:55 (UTC)
 * This person is continuing to vandalize articles after previous blanking was reverted. If an admin could block the address for a few hours, maybe the person will give up and go away (for a long time...).  Russ Blau (talk) July 5, 2005 19:04 (UTC)
 * This appears to have really stepped up. A partial list of the pages that have been vandalized in addition are : Order of Canada, Votes for deletion/NESARA, Johnson City, Tennessee ,Christianity...needs to be blocked.  Wikibofh 5 July 2005 20:41 (UTC)
 * Update: He's back again.  Can we get a block please?  Wikibofh 6 July 2005 15:50 (UTC)

IP addresses for same vandal of the PL/I article on 4 and 5 July. Replaces large sections of the article with porno links (which don't work because the links are screwed up). Shoaler 5 July 2005 16:45 (UTC)

Has received test 4, but still continues to vandalise. I don't know if it is this user or a glitch in the stystem, but I can't revert the blatent POV addition to Anna Williams. My revert was placed below the user's edit, and below edit I made before that one to my contributions list. Sonic Mew July 5, 2005 09:54 (UTC)

Repeatedly vandalizing pages: Fernando Cheung and Albert Cheng -- Jerry Crimson Mann 5 July 2005 08:57 (UTC)

Repeatedly vandalizing user pages. · Katefan0(scribble) July 5, 2005 04:43 (UTC)
 * Has already been blocked by Evil Monkey. --Chanting Fox 5 July 2005 04:45 (UTC)

removing links critical of Hindutva from Hindutva article. Did so once, I reverted, warned on talk page, links again removed seconds later. Zora 4 July 2005 21:26 (UTC)

making various edits that are small but nonsense. Quite a few of them have not been reverted. --Penwhale | Blast the Penwhale 4 July 2005 15:26 (UTC)

 * Please explain why you think these changes are vandalism. I have examined a few and see nothing wrong with them. DJ Clayworth 4 July 2005 17:25 (UTC)
 * Checkout the edits to Flying boat. In particular this diff shows how the IP is changing the links so that instead of pointing to the actual craft, you get a name, and then a link to something irrelevant.  Wikibofh 5 July 2005 18:30 (UTC)

deleting Crazy Frog --Bedel23 July 4, 2005 12:59 (UTC)

This user, blocked twice and with a history consisting only in vandalism, is atacking as we speak the articles Napoleon and Napoleonic Wars.Dunemaire 4 July 2005 10:28 (UTC)
 * Blocked for 48 hours as a repeat offender. Sjakkalle (Check!)  4 July 2005 10:35 (UTC)

/ - Has added his own peronsal link to the Israel article about 30 times over the last week under 5 differnet ips, and continues to add depsite repeated warnings and explainations. Jgritz 4 July 2005 09:34 (UTC) -- Blocked but now changed IP and reverting again. Jgritz 4 July 2005 11:22 (UTC)

-- Long history of adding spam articles. Just did another that was a copyvio as well. I feel a time out is warranted. - Lucky 6.9 4 July 2005 06:38 (UTC)

-- Vandalized Talk:Pakistan with obscene racial comments (see diff. Also vandalized User:OmerFa's talk page with racist comments. --Ragib 3 July 2005 19:13 (UTC)

-- Vandalized System of a Down's upcoming album Hypnotize twice this weekend. -- Mike Garcia | talk 3 July 2005 14:01 (UTC)
 * Seems like a content dispute / edit war more than actual vandalism. *Dan* July 3, 2005 14:09 (UTC)
 * The user wants me to give him/her a source about that information in red . He/she just keeps removing it as well since I kept reverting him/her three times. The user needs to be banned for this mess. -- Mike Garcia | talk 3 July 2005 18:12 (UTC)
 * Then why don't you give a source? That's not an entirely unreasonable request, though both you and the anonymous user have violated the 3RR in this edit war, which doesn't reflect favorably on either of you. *Dan* July 3, 2005 22:26 (UTC)
 * It's not me who added that information before the anonymous user user showed up today to remove it. -- Mike Garcia | talk 3 July 2005 23:48 (UTC)

-- Vandalized Pakistan 5 times so far. Also created copyvio article Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (also known as Azad Kashmir) --Ragib 3 July 2005 01:45 (UTC)

-- Vandalized Current events twice in the past few minutes, along with other "high-profile" Wikipedia pages ("Hacked By _Al.CrAcK_ Mails: ____al____@hacker.net.ar al64_el@hotmail.com"). Several warnings already. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 2 July 2005 18:55 (UTC)

Routinely altering all information relating to African-Americans, including removing at least 15 persons from African-American related categories, and changing the text in the article African American and related articles to say "Black American". --FuriousFreddy 2 July 2005 15:45 (UTC)

Another vandal on 311's upcoming album Don't Tread on Me. -- Mike Garcia | talk 2 July 2005 14:17 (UTC)

Page blanking of Luther Vandross, repeatedly. *Jaberwocky6669 July 2, 2005 09:39 (UTC)

same. Elfguy 2 July 2005 02:34 (UTC)

adding hidden ads links on articles. see contribs. Elfguy 2 July 2005 02:31 (UTC)

has been editing on 311's upcoming album Don't Tread on Me by re-adding the other anonymous users' acceptable comments. I asked for protection for the page earlier before this happened. -- Mike Garcia | talk 1 July 2005 19:21 (UTC)

marking multiple pages as candidates for speedy deletion because of "patent nonsense". Usually summerizes his changes with "DIE" or profanity. AOL IP. Looks like and  are all the same user (some MO, all AOL IP). Look out for other IP's. Nis81 July 1, 2005 16:45 (UTC)

repeatedly adding travel link sections in mainline articles often deleting other content as well (eg India, Budapest, Spain). Has been warned by JYolkowski and me. The fact that the advertising continues regardless may mean it's a bot. --RobertG ♬ talk 1 July 2005 14:31 (UTC)
 * They're back on . --RobertG ♬ talk 2 July 2005 06:44 (UTC)
 * I've blocked this new IP for 24 hours.-gadfium 2 July 2005 09:18 (UTC)

repeatedly adds a feces graphic to the page several times, and continues to do so after warning. BMIComp (talk) 1 July 2005 06:59 (UTC)

-- deleting content on George W Bush. Reported by Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 1 July 2005 00:33 (UTC)

-- Regular POV/offensive vandalism of Emily Dickinson, some edit misrepresentation Naturenet | Talk 30 June 2005 18:46 (UTC)
 * User has been warned with test4. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 30, 2005 18:51 (UTC)

inserts nasty words in various articles. see contribs Elfguy 30 June 2005 12:15 (UTC)

-- multiple re-creations of Edip Yuksel after several speedy deletions of vanity article. IP is suspected to be Edip Yuksel or confederate. Zora 30 June 2005 10:41 (UTC)

, identical to -- currently removing VfD notice. 29 June 2005 23:07 (UTC)

-- See 64.12.116.14. AOL address. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 15:26 (UTC)
 * Blocked for 24 hours; history shows only vandalism. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 15:26 (UTC)

-- repeated vandalism. AOL address. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 15:13 (UTC)
 * Blocked for 24 hours; history shows only vandalism. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 15:13 (UTC)

replacing tracklists with profanities and crude phrases on open season page. Andrew graham same as above. Reportes by Andrew graham ( This was at June 29, 2005 14:24 (UTC) -- Penwhale )

-- it's been fun really |Muchosucko 29 June 2005 12:54 (UTC)

-- Article blanker. Will watch. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 28, 2005 23:40 (UTC)

-- George W. Bush vandal amongst others. Will watch. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 28, 2005 23:36 (UTC)

-- adds links to a pornsite in spite of warnings, active right now. Pavel Vozenilek 28 June 2005 23:21 (UTC)
 * User has been blocked for 24 hours. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 28, 2005 23:30 (UTC)
 * 38% certain IP is from Eskisehir, Turkey. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 29, 2005 00:16 (UTC)

-- created ELASTICOS SELECTOS, a blatant advertisement for a non-notable Mexican company, and keeps removing VfD and speedy deletion notices from it, claiming "it's not advertising because it doesn't give a phone number". — J I P | Talk 3 July 2005 07:51 (UTC)
 * User is also removing votes from the corresponding VfD page. --24.107.227.12 3 July 2005 08:26 (UTC)
 * User also claimed that the "DISSCUSION (sic) IS OVER AND IT WASN'T DELETED" at Votes for deletion/Alfredo naim - was pretending to have the authority of an admin and the ability to close VfD discussions (and, using caps lock all the time, probably ignoring civility too). --Idont Havaname 4 July 2005 05:21 (UTC)
 * Continuing to remove VfD notices, most recently here. -- Hoary July 4, 2005 06:46 (UTC)

-- Hundreds of links added to every article on Armenia. I'm hesitant actually to call this link spam or vandalism, in part because the offsite resource is very good, but am posting this here, because that's what a community is for: I'll hold off on reverting any further articles until this gets sorted out. It started innocently enough on my part (see my first revert, on Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, a page on my watchlist); then I found the whole pile — see  User_talk:81.216.207.131. Am I offbase here?? Bill 3 July 2005 12:37 (UTC)

-- Suspect that these are all the same people. They are vandalizing the same articles and are all at *.cable.rogers.com. -- BMIComp (talk) 4 July 2005 01:16 (UTC)

- Blanked several pages. Was blocked earlier but has resumed vandalising. — J I P | Talk 8 July 2005 06:31 (UTC)

- Likes changing tenses on what seems like random pages. --Dr31 8 July 2005 16:19 (UTC)

-> Khasi Pine has been repeatedly vandalized over the last couple days being replaced completely.
 * other IP's
 * 81.155.39.97
 * 81.156.24.153
 * 81.154.89.93
 * 209.30.17.158 seems to be from Southwest Bell in Dallas rcsntx.swbell.net
 * 81.156.25.0

 * 69.202.80.117 from Road Runner in New York State twcny.res.rr.com
 * The 81.15x.xx.xxx seems to be from btcentralplus.com in Scotland
 * Salsb 8 July 2005 18:20 (UTC)

also using socks:
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)
 * Keeps vandalizing several pages including George W. Bush, Maplejet, Aerith Gainsbourg, Final Fantasy X and GameFAQs. Probably a gang of pre-pubescent gamer types.-Casito⇝Talk 8 July 2005 20:36 (UTC)

keeps removing the last few comments, made by myself and cynicalkane, on Talk:Autodynamics. If this is not the correct place to report this, please let me know Salsb 9 July 2005 19:23 (UTC) He stopped doing this after I reverted it 3 times. Salsb 19:52, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

Low
and - Have repeatedly blanked Pokémon Adoption Center. The first has also replaced articles with external links in pages such as Harry Potter. One edit has also included personal attacks against myself. Almafeta 14:38, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

203.89.209.171 (talk • contribs • [ block]) Putting insults in articles about things he doesn't like, misc. random, incomprehensible comments. Warned several times, stopped for a while and then started again. Icarus 06:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

62.253.219.130 (talk • contribs • [ block]) Vandalism going back as far as June 2004. Most recent block: 24 hours on 14 July 2005. Has vandalised since. It's a school IP though, so if action is taken it means blocking good users as well as vandals. That said, there is far much more vandalism than good edits as of late. KeithD 15:18, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

and and  -- Seems to be same individual. Repeated subtle changes to French Army and Combat ration. Four revisions to French Combat ration image stating it "contains a white flag for surrendering". For now, I have left the page as vandalized. Will fix it tomorrow, but tired of daily reverts Wendell 23:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Severe
-- Adding nonsense, has been vandalising Ian Lee anonymously for a while (I assume, is inserting same stuff as the anon), is continuing to vandalise this and other pages. Joe D (t) 9 July 2005 17:51 (UTC)
 * Has had three warnings . Joe D (t) 9 July 2005 17:59 (UTC)
 * Has now logged out to . Joe D (t) 9 July 2005 18:01 (UTC)
 * Assuming same user as - same targets. Joe D (t) 9 July 2005 18:06 (UTC)

 * is presumably another incarnation of User:Ash-anti. His/her contributions have been solely vandalism. S/he has ingored a warning. Ground Zero 9 July 2005 14:58 (UTC)

 * Anti-semitic editing of articles notably Zionism. Kuratowski's Ghost 9 July 2005 12:53 (UTC) Now also doing the same as Kuratowski's Ghost 23:05, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

 * , and  blocked indefinitely. Antandrus  (talk) 23:44, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

 * see his IP addresses in severe section above... Peregrine  AY   9 July 2005 10:23 (UTC)

insists on inappropriate images and vandalising various articles + my userpage, this IP - may also be the same person  --PeregrineAY July 3, 2005 09:35 (UTC)
 * Also tampered with votes on Vfd, possibly linked to the GNAA. Susvolans (pigs can fly) 4 July 2005 10:44 (UTC)

Pelican shit vandal. NSR 29 June 2005 17:35 (UTC)
 * Already blocked by Linuxbeak. - Mgm|(talk) June 30, 2005 07:40 (UTC)

blanking many pages, see contribs Elfguy 29 June 2005 15:41 (UTC)
 * blocked This link is Broken
 * This user replaced replaced the image of the Canadian flag (Image:Canada flag large.png) with an explicit picture of a penis covered in mud. This user must be banned. --Mb1000 1 July 2005 18:46 (UTC)
 * Agreed, his vandalism even showed up on the main page, probably exposing thousands of users to an inappropriate photo. Further study of his "contributions" reveals most of them to be hate-speech based, and often pornographic. I concur with Mb1000, this user MUST be banned before doing further damage.Agriculture 1 July 2005 19:41 (UTC)

Moderate
inserts a false, possibly offensive image in replace of a copyrighted image -- ArtsAgent 9 July 2005 5:09 PM (EST)

Repeatedly vandalizing user pages

Sockpuppets: --Kennyisinvisible 9 July 2005 02:13 (UTC)

— Same as

(reported above, under Moderate). As Texasstate, added personal comments to Texas State University-San Marcos. But as the IP addresses, added multiple personal comments to that page, including one obscene, blanked Terrell Hills, Texas, and vandalized my user page. Mateo SA | talk July 5, 2005 23:23 (UTC)

-- replacing pages with the text of GNAA, redirecting Failure to George W. Bush, editing test2 message left on his own talk page to something offensive. --cesarb 5 July 2005 02:48 (UTC)

-- continually deleting all content from emo July 5, 2005 07:57 (UTC)~

uploaded Image:Sh6913l.jpg, I think delete Sh6913l.jpg and a warning is OK.
 * User has been warned. Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk June 28, 2005 23:00 (UTC)

-- nonsense added to Shane Warne, Aristotle, John Stuart Mill, Daily Mail. Have warned with 'test2' but the user is continuing to add nonsense to Talk pages. May need watching. --Ngb 30 June 2005 12:42 (UTC)

-- repeated vandalism over the last 24 hours, but has been quiet for the last several hours —Mulad (talk) June 30, 2005 21:38 (UTC)
 * Quiter now: he's blocked. Tannin 2 July 2005 12:07 (UTC)

Repeatedly attacking numerous pages (blanking, filling with the word 'nonsense') despite numerous warning and threats of a block. The admins who were watching him seem to be looking away atm - help! -Splash 01:21, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Appears to have gone away after I told him I'd posted here, but not after the admins gave him warnings. Seeing as he went to the lengths of making an account for vandalism (and there was none this style afterward by an anon IP), this one might be worth watching. -Splash 02:40, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Has come back as of my time-stamp and is making nonsense pages again. He's had all his warnings now. -Splash 00:56, Jun 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Is back again, adding nonsense to film, television, mass media. I've reinstated this report from when the list was updated. -Splash July 2, 2005 18:41 (UTC)
 * And again, twice vandalizing Splash. Maybe they think it's me. -Splash 7 July 2005 20:35 (UTC)

Has repeatedly used Image:Cyberdemon.jpg on pages about political figures and fictional characters. Has performed sneaky vandalism by adding in an unnessiary word or sentence. Created page JT The Bigga Figga vandalised it twice then created a legit article to possibly try and "cover his tracks." User has been warned on his talk page by me. -Hoekenheef 3 July 2005 23:27 (UTC)

Low
, may or may not pertain to the "moderate" category has often left rude and criticizing comments on history sections of articles. Avoids "direct" vandalism by using anagrams such as WAFM - which is certainly a cover-up for "what a F***ing moron- often deletes other people's complaints about his vandalism.  Here are examples of some of his harsh words:

 * Hi. If you had bothered to look at the change you mention above, you would see that it was clearly making it more NPOV and not POV. I had a typo in the edit description area, as those are more dificult to catch as they do not show up on preview any different than when first entered. MAking it "clear that these are beliefs and not necessarily true" is CLEARLY making something NPOV, and looking at the edit you would see that that's exactly what I did. For you to try to use that to claim that I am knowingly putting POV into articles when it is clear I am doing just the opposite is simply absurd. DreamGuy 03:58, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * You have got to be effin kidding me. The delete votes clearly strongly outpaced the keep votes. It's ridiculous things like keeping articles most people clearly thought deserved to be deleted that makes this place such a joke. A bunch of juveniles kiddies can come along and screw up VfDs by making nonsensical claims to keep a useless and craptastic article like this and then some admin who can;t count keeps the article. The lunatics are running the asylum here. DreamGuy 05:00, Jun 18, 2005 (UTC)

Such is clearly a POV rant if not vandalism. He has been warned by several others but simply deletes messages. I myself have relented from vandalizing his site since 25 April(he has reported me before, and given his demeanor will do so again), have offered truces, and I have even complemented him on his good edits. Although he is a fine editor, his actions in dealing with others must be checked. If he persists, I recommend an immediate and two week block. Horatii 8 July 2005 18:51 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but these comments are out of place. I can't characterise User:DreamGuy's edits as vandalism. It seems more like you have a problem with their behaviour as an editor, so this really needs to taken up on Requests for Comment. See Resolving disputes for more advice on how to resolve disputes with individual users. -- Solipsist 8 July 2005 19:35 (UTC)


text:
Country of My Skull

Country of My Skull is a 1998 nonfiction book by Antjie Krog about the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). It is based on Krog's experience as a radio reporter, covering the Commission from 1996 to 1998 for the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The book explores the successes and failures of the Commission, the effects of the proceedings on her personally, and the possibility of genuine reconciliation in post-Apartheid South Africa.

Country of My Skull blends poetry, prose, reporting, and verbatim testimony from the Commission — one critic calls it "a hybrid work, written at the edges of reportage, memoir, and metafiction." It was Krog's first work in English. She drafted it in Afrikaans and translated it for publication. It was edited by Ivan Vladislavic.

It was published in the United States by Times Books in 1999, as Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa. In 2004, the book was adapted into the film In My Country, directed by John Boorman and starring Samuel L. Jackson and Juliette Binoche.

Contents and themes
The book centres on the public hearings of the Commission, which Krog and other journalists followed to venues across the country. It collects accounts from the hearings, including testimony from witnesses — some of it vivid and disturbing — and documents the progress of the Commission, including several scandals in the press. At the same time, the book follows Krog's personal experience during this period, including the effects on her personal life and mental health, as she attempts to grapple with the country's bloody history, with the unfolding social and political landscape of democratic South Africa, and with moral questions about complicity, guilt, forgiveness, and responsibility.

These moral questions especially preoccupy Krog because she is a white Afrikaner who retains a strong attachment to Afrikaans culture and history, even as she is horrified by the ravages of Apartheid. (The book is dedicated to "every victim who had an Afrikaner surname on her lips.") Her sense of belonging in the new South Africa depends on the possibility of constructing a new Afrikaner identity. Krog is also occupied by questions about language: about the inadequacy of any language to express the depth of suffering experienced under Apartheid, and particularly about the association of her native tongue, Afrikaans, with Apartheid. She asks, "How do I live with the fact that all the words used to humiliate, all the orders given to kill, belonged to the language of my heart?" In reflecting on these questions, Krog draws on the moral philosophy, and notably the philosophy of ubuntu, of such figures as President Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who was the head of the Commission. She is occasionally deeply moved by exhibitions of these philosophies, and she admires Tutu in particular, calling him "the compass" and the core of the Commission — most importantly, "It is he who finds language for what is happening." For example, as Krog watches Tutu plead personally with Winnie Mandela to testify truthfully, she has an intense emotional reaction: "Ah, the Commission! The deepest heart of my heart. Heart that can only come from this soil — brave — with its teeth firmly in the jugular of the only truth that matters. And that heart is black. I belong to that blinding black African heart. My throat floats up in tears — my pen falls to the floor, I blubber behind my hand, my glasses fog up — for one brief, shimmering moment this country, this country is also truly mine."She writes of the Commission, "here the marginalised voice speaks to the public ear, the unspeakable is spoken — and translated — the personal story brought from the innermost depths of the individual binds us anew to the collective." However, she also criticises various aspects of the Commission, for example pointing out the inadequacy of the government's approach to reparations and the exploitation of the hearings for political purposes.

Krog ultimately judges herself and other whites to have been complicit in Apartheid's crimes against humanity. Country of My Skull ends with a request in verse: I am changed forever. I want to say: forgive me forgive me forgive me. You whom I have wronged, please Take me

With you.

Reception
Country of My Skull received the Alan Paton Award, the Olive Schreiner Prize, and a Booksellers' Choice Award. It also received an honourable mention in the 1999 Noma Awards for Publishing in Africa, and was named one of "Africa's 100 Best Books" of the twentieth century, by a panel of judges organised by the Zimbabwe International Book Fair in collaboration with the African Publishers Network and the Pan-African Booksellers Association. In 2014, the Library and Information Association of South Africa selected Country of My Skull in its "Librarians' Choice" list of the twenty best South African books written in the twenty years since the first democratic elections.

The book received generally, but not exclusively, favourable reviews, both in South Africa and abroad. Afrikaans writer Rian Malan called it "a great impressionistic splurge of blood and guts and vivid imagery, leavened with swathes of post-modern literary discourse and fragments of brilliant poetry." Another review called it "a work so fine, filled with such passion, that it is difficult to do it justice." Foreign Affairs said, "That such a beautiful book could be written on so ugly a subject inspires confidence in the viability of South Africa's new order." In World Literature Today, Ursula A. Barnett said that it "often reaches the greatness" of Primo Levi's works about the Holocaust.

Several reviewers commented on how difficult it is to read the detailed TRC testimony of victims of human rights abuses, and Nicole Devarenne of the London Review of Books suggested that Krog's personal suffering over the course of the book is supposed to appear "redemptive": when Krog finds unity with her countrymen (especially her non-white countrymen), it is because she suffers alongside them. In this regard, Krog's approach was controversial. Reviews discussed "the danger of appropriation" in respect of the stories of the victims of human rights abuses. Critics debated whether Krog's post-modern "textual and critical highjinks" — which serve to introduce an element of subjectivity into the book, and to blur the boundaries between Krog's dual roles as journalist and poet — are adequate to the gravity and historical importance of the subject matter, and whether they privilege Krog's narrative of personal redemption and personal suffering over the broader narrative of the TRC and the more severe suffering of black South Africans during Apartheid. The incorporation of passages written in the voices of others, especially witnesses at the TRC, has been read both as appropriation and as "the de-centering or remaking of the self."

In Mosaic, Méira Cook noted that a "post-apartheid genre of 'memory writing'" was already entrenched — in "confessional" writings by Njabulo Ndebele, Alex Boraine, and Graham Pechy, among others — by the time that Country of My Skull was published. However, in the Journal of Southern African Studies, Carli Coetzee argues that Krog's book is set apart by her efforts "to speak about whiteness, but not simply to whites." The book, she said, seemed "emblematic of a new way of talking about whiteness."

Plagiarism allegations
In a 2006 edition of the literary review New Contrast, poet Stephen Watson, then head of the English department at the University of Cape Town, alleged that parts of Country of My Skull had been plagiarised from a 1976 essay, "Myth and Education," by Ted Hughes. Krog strongly denied the allegation, saying that she had not been aware of the Hughes essay until after the book's publication.

During the controversy that followed Watson's allegations, the Mail & Guardian published claims that Krog had also lifted, without attribution, parts of Isabel Hofmeyr's non-fiction book, We Spend Our Years as a Story That is Told: Oral Historical Narrative in a South African Chiefdom (1994). Responding to such accusations, Krog wrote:"Country of My Skull is my own, highly personalised version of experiences at the TRC. Country of My Skull is NOT a journalistic or factual report of the Truth Commission. In fact, the problem of truth, the ethical questions around the 'making' of truth, the use of other people's truths, the relation between power and truth, and other factors at play in the execution of truth, all form part of the text itself."

Awards

 * Alan Paton Award for Non-Fiction (1999)
 * Nielsen Booksellers' Choice Award (1999)
 * Olive Schreiner Prize (2000)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Country of My Skull


text: User talk:82.45.244.104

title: User talk:82.45.244.104


text:
Talk:BT

Alphabetical versus "common first"
I've just reverted an edit where someone pulled three of the items to the top of the list, which is otherwise in alphabetical order. I think it was me who put it in that order in the first place, because I think a list of that length needs some logical order so as not to be a mess.

However, I can see that if we can agree what are the most important / most common meanings of the term, it would be useful to pull them out, preferably into a separate list at the top of the page. Something like: "The abbreviation BT is most commonly used to refer to ... It can also mean ... "

I'm only reluctant to go ahead and do this, because some of the things I've never heard of on this list are probably the most common uses of it in other contexts/places. So for me, the main contender for special treatment is British Telecom (which is in fact officially "BT"), but clearly somebody else thought Bluetooth and BitTorrent were right up there too - I can't say I'd think of either. And logically B.T. (tabloid) ought to be right up there, because it doesn't appear to be called anything else. And the Canadian editor who added Breakfast Television clearly thought that was a "pretty obvious" expansion...

I don't know if I'm making too big a deal of this (it has been known), but it doesn't seem to me as straight-forward to split this into a "common" list and an "others" one as it might at first seem. Anybody have any thoughts? - IMSoP 21:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

I've been bold and made the change. I've removed a non-notable company with no wiki articel. However I' not sure about the Tabloid, as I don't know what sort of circulation it has. The pedia article is negligable. Rich Farmbrough 16:06, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I went and reformatted this according to Manual of Style (disambiguation pages). First "B.T. (disambig)", then "BT something", then all the expanded abbreviations in alphabetical order.  —Michael Z. 2005-09-10 05:53 Z

 * All this just goes to show the "most common first" guideline is a nice thought, but very often undecidable in practice. Alphabetical doesn't suffer from that drawback.
 * Urhixidur 03:21, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Most common first is rarely obvious, so I rarely use it. The MOS recommends exact matches to the title first (e.g.,"BT"), then matches with disambiguation (e.g., "B.T. (tabloid)"), then matches that are part of the term (e.g., "BT tank"), then non-matching synonyms (e.g., "Bankers Trust"), then finally terms that link to a different article or section (no examples on this page).  Within each group, use alphabetical order.

 * Disambiguation pages should also have just enough information to disambiguate, and avoid unnecessary discussion, and especially avoid non-disambiguating links. For example, since "IATA airline designator" is not a synonym that can be confused for "BT", it must not be linked.  —Michael Z. 2005-12-2 07:13 Z

 * All these arguments have merit, but I'm going with the suggestion on Mos:DP to group the list into categories, because I found this particular list very difficult to scan and some kind of classification might help. If you disagree, I won't be upset if someone reverts. -- Slowmover 20:33, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I also agree that British Telecom is the appropriate headliner, since it is known worldwide. -- Slowmover 20:35, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

On reflection, I'm going to sit on this a while before categorizing. I deleted some entries where "BT" is not mentioned in the linked article. Apparently "BT" is not something you type when you're looking for "bull terrier", "big time" or "binary tree", which makes perfect sense. And nobody is going to type BT if they're looking for Belfast, but they might be looking for the meaning of the post code, so it should probably link to Northern Ireland. I'll wait a while before doing any more. Slowmover 21:25, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Have deleted a few that were not obvious (to me anyway) and created another sub header (places). AIR corn (talk) 02:37, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Could someone please find a way to bump Brian Transeau ( BT ) higher up this list? Mr. Transeau is a well known musical composer, electronic music artist, software seller and soundtrack artist. Not to mention the only artist known simply as BT. 71.234.213.31 (talk) 04:15, 8 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:BT


text:
User talk:Removethis

Send me a message. Personal comments, remarks, suggestions, opinions, objections, etc are very welcome. Personal attacks will result in ruthless effective action taken against offenders.

= Remove this =

title: User talk:Removethis


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Hideout

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus (6 delete, 5 keep, 6 votes by new users or anons), so keep --Allen3 talk 12:49, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

The Hideout
Local radio program, does not establish regional standard of notability EvilPhoenix talk 21:53, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — opinionated, prognosticative, unreferenced, and utterly fails to establish notability. How are these guys any different than your run-of-the-mill local radio talk show? :) — RJH 14:57, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn radio show. JamesBurns 03:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep a growing radio show, and is linked to enough of the other larger ones, that it makes sense to keep it — Preceding unsigned comment added by Broberts (talk • contribs) 20:09, July 23, 2005
 * Above comment is user's first edit. EvilPhoenix talk 22:42, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * KeepVery good showing, lots of fans, a myspace group and stuff — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.250.114.41 (talk • contribs) 21:18, July 26, 2005
 * IP address of page authorEvilPhoenix talk 04:51, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * KeepHas listeners Worldwide, via internet feed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.232.78.33 (talk • contribs) 02:52, July 27, 2005
 * This IP address's first edit.EvilPhoenix talk 04:51, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Previous comments blanked by User:Fatbodyricardo . EvilPhoenix talk 00:31, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Fatbodyricardo (talk • contribs) 18:26, July 27, 2005
 * Bold textKeep great show lots of fans that would love to see this.
 * Delete. This was never put on the vfd page and the above vote was unsigned. I'll go with non notable and possible copyvio. --Woohookitty 05:59, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It was put on VfD:

but I suspect the blanking of it may have removed it from being visible on VfD. EvilPhoenix talk 00:36, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Surprisingly, this doesn't appear to be copyvio. I've done some googling and can't find anything like it, though it is notable, perhaps, that the [page for this show] links into this page as information on its history. If the history is verifiable, though, this seems to be a show with a long history and might be considered notable especially given the set of programs not on vfd at category:radio programs (2 Sense especially comes to mind) and category:radio programme stubs. If Opie and Anthony on XM manage to land a spot there, a program on a major radio station in a city like Orlando would seem equally notable. While XM may have national coverage, its subscriber base isn't exactly massive. I personally don't feel that the criteria for non-notable has been met, but I'm not exactly convinced on the matter. --FreelanceWizard 06:19, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep. This show has a solid history and strong affiliations with legendary broadcast institutions such as WJFK FM, a heritage radio station in a top 10 radio market. This show is referenced repeatedly on shows like Ron and Fez, lending it further credibility. For the record, I am not a host or staff member on this show nor do I work for the radio station they are on or any other station they have graced. I am a follower of their careers however and this page should remain. Radiopeople 06:44, 28 July 2005 (UTC) (Note: has four contributions; three of them are to this VfD.)
 * Delete, nn local radio programme james gibbon  10:08, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If this isn't a copyvio then I see nothing wrong with it. Agentsoo 10:47, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The title sure seems familiar. Are you positive that this wasn't already VfD'd? ... hey yeah, I just checked the VfD history and this has been through before and prior votes have been deleted. Things that make you go hmm... — RJH 16:04, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Prior votes apparently removed by User:Fatbodyricardo. The article is even longer now, but it's still just a local radio show. I continue to vote delete. — RJH 16:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, notable enough for an entryGateman1997 17:08, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable local radio program. --Carnildo 21:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep no such thing as local radio any more. Should be cleanupped though. Iliad says it isn't copyvio.  Pedant 22:52, 2005 July 28 (UTC)

 * Keep I don't think this is a copyvio -- the show as written in the article is fairly new and I doubt this much is written about it anywhere else. Besides, other radio shows have articles; this one's heard online and has callers from across the US (particularly DC, Texas, and Michigan), so where does 'local' radio become 'national' radio? Kutulu 01:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 *  Strong Keep,Has fans all over the country,good enough for an entry.BillyBob 16:43, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Above edit made by 24.165.249.72 --Allen3 talk 12:49, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Mount Royal Tunnel

The Mount Royal Tunnel (tunnel sous le mont Royal, tunnel du mont Royal) is a railway tunnel in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The tunnel is the third longest in Canada, after the Mount Macdonald Tunnel and the Connaught Tunnel, and connects the city's Central Station, in Downtown Montreal, with the north side of Montreal Island and Laval and passes through Mount Royal.

The tunnel was originally proposed by the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) to provide access to Downtown Montreal without having to cross the already-congested area south of Mount Royal or the route around it to the east. The cost of the tunnel, along with an expansion to the west coast of Canada, caused CNoR to struggle financially before it was nationalized in 1918. Canadian National Railways (CNR), formed from CNoR and several other lines, took over the just-completed tunnel. When CNR also took over the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) in 1923, access to Ottawa and Toronto along the GTR lines made the tunnel largely redundant, and it was limited mostly to branch lines. The structure gauge of the Mount Royal Tunnel limits the height of bilevel cars to 14 ft.

Until 2014, the only trains using the tunnel were commuter trains from Exo's Deux-Montagnes service. From December 2014 to May 2020, it was also used by the Mascouche line, which serves the northeastern part of Montreal Island and the suburbs of Repentigny, Terrebonne, and Mascouche. Exo also considered rerouting its Saint-Jérôme line to Central Station via the tunnel from its current termini at Parc or Lucien L'Allier to save 15 minutes.

On May 11, 2020, the Mount Royal Tunnel closed for a period of about four years. It is expected to reopen in 2024, exclusively for Réseau express métropolitain services; two new stations will be added mid-tunnel as part of the works.

History
The tunnel was conceived in 1910 by the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) as a means to give the company access to downtown Montreal. The only easy routes along the south side of Mount Royal had long been taken by rivals Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and Grand Trunk Railway (GTR). CNoR wanted to avoid crossing the CPR and GTR lines. Likewise CNoR preferred a direct route as opposed to detouring the railway around the north and east sides of Mount Royal.

To finance the costly tunnel option, CNoR planned to develop the low-valued farmland north of Mount Royal into a model community which was named the Town of Mount Royal. CNoR also planned a downtown terminal and associated office and retail developments for low-priced lands at de la Gauchetière Street and McGill College Avenue. Several farms which grew the Montreal melon were bought by the builders to make way for the tracks: "There were two years of preliminary bargaining, after which currency by the satchel full was paid over to the owners of the farms which made the Montreal melons famous, in the purchase of their land. More than $1,500,000 was paid out in that way, with currency, in the rush of land speculation that followed the announcement of the plan. One farmer was paid $117,000 and another farm brought $781,783."

In 1911, the Canadian Northern Montreal Tunnel and Terminal Company was incorporated to build the tunnel and terminal. It was renamed Mount Royal Tunnel and Terminal Company in 1914, and was a wholly owned subsidiary of CNoR. Construction started at the west portal on July 8, 1912. On December 10, 1913, crews from the east and west portals met beneath Mount Royal; they were out of alignment by 1 in. The bore measures approximately 5 km and has an ascending grade of 0.6% westbound.

CNoR placed an order with General Electric in 1914 for 6 boxcab electric-powered locomotives for use in the tunnel; they were delivered in 1916–1917. Both the locomotives and the electrification were very similar to those of the Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railway. Lining of the tunnel bore with concrete was completed by 1916 and the 2 parallel standard gauge tracks and 2400 V DC catenary were installed by September 1918. Progress was slowed by the First World War and CNoR's ongoing financial difficulties by the mid-1910s. The first train, with locomotive 601 leading, ran through the tunnel October 21, 1918. The event was little-noticed due to the still-ongoing war and a ban on large public gatherings due to the Spanish flu epidemic.

On September 6, 1918, the insolvent CNoR was nationalized by the federal government when its board of directors was replaced by a government appointed board of management, implemented by the Department of Railways and Canals. At the same time, the newly appointed board at CNoR was directed to take over the operation of the government-owned Canadian Government Railways (CGR). On December 20, 1918, the Privy Council issued an order creating the Canadian National Railways (CNR) to operate CNoR, CGR and eventually other bankrupt private-sector railways. Ironically, the Grand Trunk became part of CNR in 1923, giving CNR better routes to Ottawa and Toronto and relegating the tunnel line to branch-line status. Nevertheless, it still remains an essential part of Montreal's regional transport system.

CNR took over the Mount Royal Tunnel at the time of its completion, along with the virtually empty lands which CNoR's owners, Sir William Mackenzie and Sir Donald Mann, had envisioned would become a signature real estate development. CNR developed this area sporadically from the 1930s to the 1960s, interrupted by the Great Depression and the Second World War.

A new terminal, begun in 1931, opened as Central Station on July 14, 1943, resulting in the closure of the "temporary" CNoR-era Tunnel Terminal near the same location. Central Station consolidated CNR's passenger terminals in the city and also replaced Bonaventure Station which CNR had inherited from GTR. In the late 1950s, the remainder of the CNoR lands acquired in downtown Montreal during the Mount Royal Tunnel project were developed by CNR. The signature Queen Elizabeth Hotel opened in 1958, followed by the CN (name/acronym change in 1960) headquarters building in 1961 and Place Ville-Marie in 1962.

On July 1, 1982, CN signed a 10-year agreement with STCUM whereby CN operated the line under contract to STCUM's commuter rail service. On February 12, 1992, Quebec's provincial government announced a $289 million modernization of the Mount Royal Tunnel line, including $130 million awarded to Bombardier for 58 new commuter rail cars. Stations, track, electrification and signalling systems were all upgraded, in addition to the tunnel structure itself.

On June 2, 1995, the last of the GE boxcab electric-powered locomotives delivered to CNoR in 1916–1917 for use in the tunnel were retired by CN after nearly 77 years of service. Locomotive 601, which in 1918 pulled the first train into the tunnel, under its final number as Canadian National 6711 pulled the last outbound train; on the return trip it assisted sister 6710. The old rolling stock was replaced by 58 state-of-the-art MR-90 electric multiple units built by Bombardier Transportation.

Purchase of the line by AMT
On February 28, 2014, the Agence metropolitaine de transport (AMT) purchased the Deux-Montagnes line from CN for $97 million. The agreement gave CN trackage rights for freight trains outside two rush-hour exclusive time windows (08:30–15:30 and 20:30–05:30).

Recent use
Until May 2020, commuter trains from Exo's Deux-Montagnes and Mascouche lines used the Mount-Royal Tunnel. Before 1995, Via Rail trains to/from Northern Quebec and the northern route to Quebec City (cancelled in 1990) also used the tunnel, being hauled up by boxcabs pre-1990, and coasting downhill. This practice was eliminated when the catenary and signalling were replaced in 1995. The old catenary was 3000 V DC (upgraded from the original 2400 V DC in the early 1980s) and the new catenary is 25 kV AC. The new signalling is CTC. The ventilation shaft is too small to allow the use of diesel electric locomotives in the tunnel.

Double-tracking to Roxboro-Pierrefonds
As part of the change to light-rail standards of the REM, the double-tracking of the line from Bois-Franc to Roxboro-Pierrefonds is taking place, which will enable the REM to significantly increase the number of trains on the line. There was a second track from Bois-Franc to slightly past Saraguay (about halfway between Bois-Franc and Sunnybrooke at the A13), but it was not electrified and had been used by CN freight trains serving industries along Doney spur.

Mascouche line
On December 1, 2014, the Mascouche line opened to passengers. The line used the Deux-Montagnes line until Jonction de l’Est (between the Montpellier and Mont-Royal stations), where it turned onto the St-Laurent subdivision on the way to Mascouche. Trains were operated with dual-powered ALP-45DP locomotives, and initially ran under electric power to the Ahuntsic station, where they changed over to diesel. Service through the Mount Royal Tunnel ended in May 2020.

REM
The Réseau express métropolitain is replacing this part of the Réseau de transport métropolitain along with the entire Deux-Montagnes line as well as a part of the Mascouche line. In addition, two new stations are being constructed mid-tunnel directly below existing stations of the Montreal Metro, specifically Édouard-Montpetit and McGill stations. The new platforms will allow direct connection to the Metro from the REM, though in the case of Édouard-Montpetit this will involve a long trip by elevator; it will become Canada's deepest transit station at a depth of 75 m.

title: Mount Royal Tunnel


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User talk:Austyn316

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - Gblaz 21:55, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Austyn316


text:
User:Elizabeyth

User:Elizabeyth/Desk

title: User:Elizabeyth


text: User talk:70.107.16.70

title: User talk:70.107.16.70


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Carthage Film Festival

Carthage Film Festival (Journées cinématographiques de Carthage, or JCC) is an annual film festival that takes place in Tunis and was founded in 1966. It is also called by its abbreviation JCC, from its French name, Journées cinématographiques de Carthage, or by its Arabic title, أيام قرطاج السينمائية (Cinema Days of Carthage). Initially biennial alternating with the Carthage Theatre Festival, the festival became an annual event in 2014. A directing committee chaired by the Tunisian Ministry of Culture, joined with professionals of the cinema industry, is in charge of the organization.

The Carthage Film Festival has been designed as a film festival engaged in the cause of African and Arab countries and enhancing Global South cinema in general.

The main prize awarded is the Golden Tanit named after the Carthaginian goddess Tanit. Opening and closing ceremonies are held in the Théâtre municipal de Tunis (Municipal Theater of Tunis).

The Festival's current executive director is Sonia Chamkhi.

The Festival's 33rd edition took place from 29 October through 5 November 2022.

History
Conceived by filmmaker Tahar Cheriaa and officially launched in 1966 by the Tunisian Minister of Culture, Chedli Klibi, this event, the first of its kind in the Arab world, was primarily conceived to highlight sub-Saharan African and Arab cinema, creating bridges of dialogue between North and South and offering a meeting between regional filmmakers and moviegoers. Klibi said:

"We first hope a dialogue. A dialogue, frank, lucid, without ulterior motives. But we are sure that such a dialogue can only lead to a better mutual understanding between Africans and Europeans, among the southern Mediterranean and the Northern Mediterranean."

Numerous prominent African and Arab filmmakers have first been recognized at Carthage before going on to receive broader recognition, including the Senegalese Sembene Ousmane (Grand Prize 1966) Egyptian Youssef Chahine (Grand Prize 1970), Malian Souleymane Cissé (Grand Prize 1982), the Palestinian Michel Khleifi (Grand Prize 1988), Tunisians Taïeb Louhichi (1st Tunisian Golden Tanit for short film 1972) Nouri Bouzid, Ferid Boughedir, and Moufida Tlatli (Grand Prize 1986, 1990, 1994), the Syrian Mohammad Malas (Grand Prize 1992) and Algerian Merzak Allouache (Grand Prize 1996).

The festival's social dimension is reflected in several GoldenTanit award-winning films such as the Making Of (2006) by Nouri Bouzid, featuring Bahta, a 25-year-old unemployed amateur break dancer recruited by extremists to commit a suicide attack.

It was at the Carthage Film Festival that FEPACI (Pan-African Federation of Filmmakers) was created in 1970, developing a foundation for South-South film cooperation.

Over the years the Carthage Film Festival has introduced workshops, master classes, and the Producer's Network to better support filmmakers. Prominent figures from the arts have served as jurors in various official competitions.

Program and awards
The official program includes several sections: the "Official Competition" and the "Panorama section" which are open to Arab and African films; the "International section" which is open to recent movies of high artistic quality; a "Tribute section" and "Workshop Projects" designed to encourage the development of Arab and African films projects by granting "help funds for scenario" and a competitive video section.

The official Selection The various sections of the Official Competition of the Carthage Film Festival each present 12 films.

The official competition for feature films: This selection with three Tanit (Gold, Silver, Bronze) is the most visible part of the Carthage Film Festival and is the heart of the official selection. Twelve Arab and African films reflect the renewal of cinematographic expression and present original works singular in their aesthetic and their statements.

The official short film competition: As well as the competition dedicated to feature films, this selection allows the dedication of three Arab and African fiction short format films (less than 30 minutes).

The documentary competition A Golden Tanit awards the best documentary among twelve Arab and African films. The Prize Tahar Cheriaa for a first work: The Golden Tanit "Tahar Cheriaa" awards the first work of a filmmaker presented in the official selection: official Competition, competition of the first Arab and African film.

Carthage Ciné-Foundation: This international selection of twelve school films embodies the diversity of young artists and announces the trends of the future of world cinema. A film will be awarded by an international jury.

Parallel sections

New Territories

This program aims to be a window on recent suggested films, the most innovative and subversive, the most radical and marginal, in a word, on new aesthetic and political experiences, far from any commercial format, media, or festival. It seeks to submit the continually renewed ability of cinema to house within it both the issues of its time, the questions of those who make it and their contemporaries as well as the shifting of its artistic, formal, and technological expression.

Tribute Each edition pays tribute to a Tunisian filmmaker and several international filmmakers offering the public a retrospective of their films or debate meetings inspired by their careers.

Carthage professional Takmil The Takmil workshop, namely "finish" in Arabic, which is in its second edition, aims to allow African and Arab films in the post-production phase to be evaluated by an international jury of cinema professionals. For three days, working copies are viewed by the jury in the presence of the filmmakers whose films have been selected. Screenings will be followed by a discussion allowing each participant to defend his film and benefit from expertise. The workshop Takmil also aims to be a platform offering visibility to young African and Arab filmmaking. The visibility will result in particular by the screening of the winning films, an African and Arab premiere during the Carthage Film Festival session following their finishing.

Producers Network The Producers Network hosts Arab and African producers present at the Carthage Film Festival and allows international film professionals to benefit from a series of meetings and specific events designed to encourage international co-production and optimize networking. With a 48-hour program, the Producers Network offers real opportunities to meet with potential partners with financing, co-production, and distribution needs.

The Carthage Film Festival in regions

Since the 2014 session, the Carthage Film Festival has moved between different Tunisian cities. In 2015 ten cities hosted the festival: Jendouba, Sfax, Mahdia, Tataouine, Nabeul, Béja, Kef, Kairouan, Gafsa and Monastir. The films are divided into three main sections:
 * The films of the official selection: these films are screened in the evening during the festival period in each host city.
 * European films: In partnership with the Journées du Cinéma Européen, a selection of European films are screened daily in different cities.
 * In partnership with UNICEF two children's movies are screened in each city.

title: Carthage Film Festival


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WRNB

WRNB (100.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Media, Pennsylvania in the Philadelphia/Delaware Valley radio market. It is owned by Radio One and airs an urban adult contemporary radio format. In afternoon drive time, WRNB carries the syndicated D. L. Hughley Show. WRNB's studios and offices are in the Two Bala Plaza building on City Line Avenue in Bala Cynwyd.

WRNB has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 17,000 watts. The transmitter is located in the Roxborough neighborhood of Philadelphia at (40.04333°N, -75.24222°W). The station is short-spaced with two other co-channel FM stations (see See § Signal note below). WRNB broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format, with its HD-2 subchannel airing the urban contemporary format that moved from its main signal, and the HD-3 subchannel airing an urban contemporary gospel format.

1942-1973: Early years
In 1942, a station broadcasting on 100.3 FM first signed on as KYW-FM, which was licensed to Philadelphia. It was the sister station to KYW, owned by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. By the late 1940s, KYW-FM moved to 92.5 MHz. The 100.3 frequency remained dark for a decade and a half.

In 1962, WXUR-FM began broadcasting, licensed to the suburban community of Media. Its effective radiated power was 4,200 watts, simulcasting the Christian programming of its AM sister station 690 WXUR (now WPHE in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania). WXUR-AM-FM were owned by Carl McIntire, a Bible Presbyterian minister.

1973-1981: Silent
In 1973, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) revoked the licenses for both stations, with the FCC ruling that WXUR-AM-FM violated the Fairness Doctrine, refusing to air competing viewpoints. The 100.3 frequency then went silent again for eight years.

1981-1993: Adult contemporary
In 1981, after a seven-year comparative hearing, the FCC awarded the license to the Greater Media Radio Company, owned by Daniel Lerner. The name referred to the station's city of license, Media, and was not associated with the larger Greater Media, Inc., which locally owned WMGK, WPEN and other stations around the U.S. On November 8, 1982, 100.3 FM returned to the air, this time as WKSZ, "Kiss 100," with a soft adult contemporary format. By 1987, Kiss 100 was the #1 Arbitron-ranked station among women ages 25 to 54.

In the early 1990s, however, the battle for AC listeners heated up, with WEAZ (now WBEB) becoming the dominant station for soft music in Philadelphia. WKSZ lost ground in the ratings, falling to 17th place in 1992. To improve ratings, WKSZ tried to combine AC and oldies with what the station called the "50/50 Mix"; however, this failed to turn ratings around, and in 1993, WKSZ returned to a playlist of AC love songs.

1993-2005: Alternative rock
On March 15, 1993, at 6 a.m., with the station still struggling, WKSZ became "Z100", switching to a adult top 40 format. The flip came three days after Eagle 106 gave up Top 40 and switched to smooth jazz, creating an opening which WKSZ hoped to fill. New York's WHTZ, located on the same frequency of 100.3 MHz, and calling itself "Z100" since 1983, demanded that WKSZ drop the name to avoid listener confusion. After a brief legal battle, the call sign and name were changed to WPLY, "Y100".

The station initially had a slight alternative rock lean, but still played other Top 40 hits, including pop and dance. By early 1995, WPLY evolved into a full-time alternative rock format, which lasted nearly ten years. Through the late 1990s, WPLY leaned towards Modern AC, and would shift towards an active rock lean in 2000.

In 2000, the station was bought by Radio One for $80 million. Radio One focuses mostly on urban music and didn't plan to program an alternative rock station. The company tried to make a deal to swap formats with Greater Media's WEJM (now WBEN-FM), which at the time, ran a rhythmic oldies format called "Jammin Gold," which would have better fit into Radio One's portfolio. The deal fell through, and Radio One continued to run WPLY as an alternative rock station for nearly five years. While ratings had gone down, the station still was moderately successful.

2005-2011: Urban contemporary
On February 24, 2005, at 11:50 p.m., WPLY ended its alternative rock format with "Alive" by Pearl Jam (which was also the first and last song on WDRE). WPHI, an urban contemporary station at 103.9 MHz, also owned by Radio One and known as "103.9 The Beat," moved to 100.3 FM. The station at 103.9, in turn, flipped to urban gospel as WPPZ-FM, "Praise 103.9." By 2006, Nielsen BDS/Radio & Records moved WPHI to the urban contemporary panel. Mediabase followed suit in 2011. WPHI-FM's chief rival was WUSL, which had been Philadelphia's long-time Urban Contemporary leader.

In fall 2005, former rival personality Colby Colb was hired as the Program Director and afternoon host. For the next few years, 100.3 The Beat enjoyed high ratings, helped by Miss Jones in the morning and Colby Colb in the afternoon. Monie Love and Pooch took over mornings in 2005, with other disc jockeys on the station including Micheal Shawn, DJ Touchtone, DJ Jay Ski, Megatron, DJ Bent Rock, Moshay, Toshamakia, DJ JDS, Laiya and Hansoul. In late 2010, WPHI-FM became the Philadelphia home of the Star and Buc Wild Morning Show, syndicated from New York City. The show had actually been heard in Philadelphia in early 2006 on WUSL but had drawn some controversy and was dropped.

2011-2013: R&B
On August 27, 2011, WPHI dropped the "Beat" moniker for "100.3 Philly." Radio One was preparing to make another frequency switch, this time moving WRNB's urban AC format and branding from 107.9 MHz to 100.3 MHz on September 1. WRNB was simulcast on both 100.3 and 107.9 until September 2, when the WPHI call sign moved to 107.9, adopted the former "Beat" format and rebranded as "Hot 107.9."

2013-2016: Classic R&B
On March 29, 2013, WRNB went jockless and began promoting a "big announcement" at 5 p.m. on April 1. At that time, after playing "Keep Your Head to the Sky" by Earth, Wind, & Fire, WRNB flipped to urban oldies as "Old School 100.3." The first song on "Old School" was "Atomic Dog" by George Clinton.

The format played Motown, disco, funk, new jack swing, freestyle, and early hip hop from the 1960s to the early 2000s. The new format was designed to better compete with the dominant Urban AC station in Philadelphia, WDAS-FM.

In November 2014, sister station WPHI-FM moved to a classic hip-hop format. In response, WRNB re-added some current music, although the station continued to focus on older urban hits.

2016-2020: R&B
On October 6, 2016, WRNB returned to urban adult contemporary music, once more calling itself "100.3 WRNB," and dropping the "Old School" branding.

2020-2022: Urban contemporary
On November 16, 2020, at 10 a.m., WRNB absorbed sister station WPHI's urban contemporary format into its own and was rebranded as "100.3 R&B & Hip Hop" (subsequently, WRNB's urban adult contemporary format would move full-time to its HD2 sub-channel). This was a result of Urban One selling said station to Entercom; the two stations simulcasted for a week, as it had been previously announced that WPHI would begin simulcasting KYW ahead of the sale's closure, on November 23.

2022-present: R&B
With the combined R&B/hip hop format failing to catch on in the market - bottoming out with a 1.0 share in the July 2022 Nielsen Audio ratings (well behind WUSL’s 3.6 share), the station ultimately reverted to its previous urban AC format and "100.3 RNB" branding on August 25, 2022. With the shift, Program Director/afternoon host Paris Nicole exited the station after twelve years; Nicole previously served in the same position at WPHI and moved over at WRNB with the previous format shift.

Signal note
WRNB is short-spaced to two other co-channel Class B stations: WHTZ Z100 (licensed to serve Newark, New Jersey) and WBIG-FM Big 100 (licensed to serve Washington, D.C.). The cities WRNB and WHTZ are licensed to serve are only 86 miles apart, while the cities WRNB and WBIG-FM are licensed to serve are only 112 miles apart. The minimum distance between two Class B stations operating on the same channel according to current FCC rules is 150 miles.

History of WRNB call sign
Beginning in the 1950s, the call sign WRNB was licensed to North Carolina's first full-time rock 'n roll radio station, a 1000-watt outlet in New Bern located at AM 1490 (now sports radio WWNB). WRNB 1490 was also famous for being one of the first radio stations to play Carolina Beach Music.

title: WRNB


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Siptah

Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that Siptah later changed his royal name or nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather that his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah.

He was not the crown prince, but succeeded to the throne as a child after the death of Seti II. His accession date occurred on I Peret day 2 around the month of December.

Origins
Historically, it was believed that Tiaa, a wife of Seti II, was the mother of Siptah. This view persisted until it was eventually realized that a relief in the Louvre Museum (E 26901) "pairs Siptah's name together with the name of his mother" a certain Sutailya or Soteraya.

Sutailya was a Canaanite rather than a native Egyptian name, which means that she was almost certainly a king's concubine from Canaan. However, Dodson/Hilton assert that this is not correct and that the lady was, instead, the mother of Ramesses-Siptah and a wife of Ramesses II.

The identity of his father is currently unknown; some Egyptologists speculate it may have been Amenmesse rather than Seti II since both Siptah and Amenmesse spent their youth in Chemmis and both are specifically excluded from Ramesses III's Medinet Habu procession of statues of ancestral kings unlike Merneptah or Seti. This suggests that Amenmesse and Siptah were inter-related in such a way that they were "regarded as illegitimate rulers and that therefore they were probably father and son." However, another interpretation here is that Siptah was regarded as illegitimate by the later 20th dynasty kings since Siptah required the assistance of Chancellor Bay to secure the kingship since he was just another minor son of Merneptah rather than a direct son of Seti II.

A headless statue of Siptah now in Munich shows him seated on the lap of another Pharaoh, presumably his father. The British Egyptologist Aidan Dodson states
 * The only ruler of the period who could have promoted such destruction was Amenmesse, and likewise he was the only king whose offspring would have required such explicit promotion. The demolition of this figure is likely to have closely followed the fall of Bay or the death of Siptah himself, when any short-lived rehabilitation of Amenmesse would have ended.

If Siptah was a son of Seti II, it is unlikely that he would have been considered as an illegitimate king by later 20th Dynasty New Kingdom pharaohs. Due to his youth and perhaps his problematic parentage, he was placed under the guidance of his stepmother—the queen regent Twosret.

Siptah ruled Egypt for almost six years as a young man. Siptah was only a child of ten or eleven years when he assumed power since a medical examination of his mummy reveals the king was about sixteen years old at death. He was tall at 1.6 metres, had curly reddish brown hair, and likely had poliomyelitis, with a deformed left foot.

Reign
Chancellor Bay publicly boasts that he was instrumental in installing Siptah on the throne in several inscriptions including an Aswan stela set up by Seti, the Viceroy of Kush and at Gebel el-Silsila. A key graffito located at the entrance to the Speos of Horemheb at Gebel el-Silsila depicts Bay standing in a pose of adoration directly behind Siptah, who is making an offering to Amun; a following inscription in the graffito reads:
 * the spirit of the Great Superintendent of the Seal of the entire land, who established the King [Siptah] in the place of his father; beloved of his lord, Bay.

Bay, however, later fell out of favor at court presumably for overreaching himself and last appears in public in a dated Year 4 inscription from Siptah's reign. He was executed in the fifth year of Siptah's reign, on orders of the king himself. News of his execution was passed to the Workmen of Deir el-Medina in Ostraca IFAO 1254. This ostraca was translated and published in 2000 by Pierre Grandet in a French Egyptological journal. Gae Callender notes that the reason for the king's message to the workmen was to notify them to cease all work on decorating Bay's tomb since Bay had now been deemed a traitor to the state.

Siptah himself is last attested sometime in his 6th regnal Year on a graffito located at the South Temple of Buhen. He likely died in the middle of II Akhet—perhaps around II Akhet 12 of his 6th Year. This assumes a traditional 70-day mummification period if Siptah was buried on IV Akhet 22.

Evidence for his burial on the latter date is recorded in ostracon O. Cairo CG 25792. This ostraca from Deir el-Medina mentions that the Vizier Hori visited the workmen of Deir el-Medina first on II Akhet 24 and second on IV Akhet 19. The final line on the ostracon reads as: "IV Akhet 22: Burial took place". Since this event can only refer to a king's burial, the question here is the identity of this king.

Hori was appointed vizier around Regnal Year 6 II Shemu 6 and I Peret [X] of Seti II's reign and held this office through the reigns of Siptah, Twosret and Setnakht and into that of Ramesses III. The ostracon could not refer to Setnakht's death because this king died on I Shemu 25 since his son, Ramesses III succeeded him the next day. Twosret was ousted from power by Setnakht; therefore, the burial does not refer to her either.

Seti II must have died in late IV Akhet or early I Peret—after the 70-day mummification period—since a graffito located above KV14, Twosret's tomb, records his burial on III Peret 11. Therefore, the IV Akhet 22 burial date likely records the burial of Siptah himself. Siptah's death would have occurred sometime around II Akhet 12. Siptah himself would have ruled Egypt for approximately 5 years and 10 months since his predecessor, Seti II, died around the end of IV Akhet and the beginning of I Peret, even if he did not legally assume the throne until the start of II Akhet with the aid of the powerful court official Bay.

After his death, Twosret simply assumed his Regnal Years and ruled Egypt as a queen for a year or two at the most. Siptah was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV47, but his mummy was not found there. In 1898, it was discovered along with 18 others in a mummy cache within the (KV35) tomb of Amenhotep II. The study of his tomb shows that it was conceived and planned in the same style as those of Twosret and Bay, clearly part of the same architectural design.

In April 2021 his mummy was moved from the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade.

title: Siptah


text:
Jean Bullant

Jean Bullant (1515 – 13 October 1578) was a French architect and sculptor who built the tombs of Anne de Montmorency, Grand Connétable of France, Henri II, and Catherine de' Medici. He also worked on the Tuileries, the Louvre, and the Château d'Écouen. Bullant was a Huguenot.

Career
On his return in 1537 from a study in Rome, Bullant worked for Montmorency, for whom he transformed the Château d'Écouen about 1550, built the "petit château" at Chantilly, and modernized the Château de Fère-en-Tardenois, with its splendid bridge.

He took up the ongoing works at the Tuileries upon the death of Philibert Delorme (1570), and was appointed a royal architect, (1571–78). At Chenonceaux he built the gallery that spans the river on arches (1576–1577). For Catherine de Médicis he built the Hôtel de Soissons, (1572–84; demolished in 1748), of which only the Medici's column remains.

His treatise on architecture, La Règle générale architecture sur Les cinq manières de colonnes, was published at Paris, 1564 and 1568. Bullant was also the author of treatises linking theory to practice, on geometry for craftsmen (Petit Traicté de géometrie et horologiography pratique, 1564), and horology, notably quadrants and solar clocks (Recueil d'Horlogiographie, 1561).

Additional sources

 * Blunt, Anthony. Art and Architecture in France, 1500-1700 2nd ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
 * Charles Bauchal Nouveau dictionnaire des architectes français. Paris: André, Daly fils et Cie, 1887; p. 842
 * F. Lemerle & Y. Pauwels, L'architecture à la Renaissance, Paris: Flammarion, Paris, 1998 (reissued 2004)
 * F. Lemerle & Y. Pauwels, L'architecture à la Renaissance, Paris: Flammarion, Paris, 1998 (reissued 2004)

title: Jean Bullant


text:
Bullant

Bullant may refer to:

 * Antoine Bullant (1751–1821), (sometimes Bulant) an 18th-century Czech composer and musician that lived in France and Russia
 * Jean Bullant (1515–1578), the French architect and sculptor.
 * Joey Walker (born 1988), A musician also known by the name Bullant.
 * Myrmecia (ant), commonly known as the bull ant.

title: Bullant