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Amy Gillett

Amy Elizabeth Gillett (9 January 1976 – 18 July 2005) was an Australian track cyclist and rower who represented Australia in both sports. She was killed when a driver crashed into the Australian squad of cyclists with whom she was training in Germany. The Amy Gillett Foundation was established in order to fund road safety programs and provide scholarships for young female cyclists.

Life
Gillett was born in Adelaide and was educated at Annesley College. She was a world champion junior rower, winning a gold medal in the coxless pair in the Junior World Championships in 1993 and the women's single scull in 1994. She came fifth in the single scull in the Nations Cup held in Paris the same year.

At 20, she was a member of the Australian women's eight at the Atlanta Olympics. She was coached by Simon Gillett during her rowing career and later married him in January 2004, moving to Mount Helen near Ballarat, Victoria. After failing to make the Australian rowing team for the Sydney Olympics she quit the sport but was identified as a cyclist with potential. She was an Australian Institute of Sport rowing and cycling scholarship holder.

In 2002, Gillett was first in the Individual Pursuit Australian Titles, held in Victoria. From 2002 to 2005, she was a member of the Australian Institute of Sport elite cycling squad and represented Australia in the 2002 and 2003 Cycling World Cups. While she was not a member of the Australian cycling team for the 2004 Athens Olympics, her results during 2005 were steadily improving including a third place in the 2005 Road Time Trial Australian Open Titles. She was rated as one of the top 100 women road cyclists at the time of her death and Australian cycling officials had identified her as a potential medallist in the 2006 Commonwealth Games in the time trial. Gillett was also undertaking a doctorate at the University of South Australia at the time of her death.

Death
Gillett died after a collision near Zeulenroda, Thuringia, Germany, on 18 July 2005, when a young driver lost control of her car and drove head first into six members of the Australian women's cycling squad, who were preparing for the Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen stage race. Five of Gillett's Australian teammates suffered injuries, most very serious. Katie Brown, Lorian Graham, Kate Nichols, Alexis Rhodes, and Louise Yaxley were taken immediately to hospital, with Rhodes and Yaxley suffering major trauma. Graham and Brown had incurred fractures and Nichols had torn tendons requiring surgery. The newly-qualified driver was fined €1,440 and disqualified from driving for eight months.

Foundation
Simon Gillett and the Australian Cycling Federation subsequently established the Amy Gillett Foundation. It has since ceased operations owing to lack of funding.

The foundation's aims were to:
 * provide financial support for the rehabilitation of Gillett's five injured team members;
 * fund and administer a scholarship program for young women cyclists to support their sporting and academic endeavours
 * support and promote projects aimed at road safety awareness amongst cyclists and motorists

In 2018, the way the scholarship was awarded and operated changed, as Cycling Australia pulled direct support for the Australian development teams with whom the scholarship recipient would have normally. Previously the scholarship recipient was selected by a panel from applications to the foundation, but in 2018 recipient was selected to race as a part of professional team. The Australian national development team itself had its own selection process prior to 2018.

Wiggle Amy's Gran Fondo cycling event, which benefited the foundation, was held in September along the Great Ocean Road, between Lorne and Skenes Creek. It is one of the only cycling events in Australia held on a fully closed road.

After the foundation's closure, in early 2024 Gillett's mother, Mary Safe, started collaborating with the Get Home Safe Foundation on a campaign to educate drivers to use the "Dutch Reach" when getting out of their vehicle, to better protect cyclists.

Recipients of the Amy Gillett Scholarship include:

 * 2019 Sarah Gigante
 * 2018 Grace Brown
 * 2017 Lucy Kennedy
 * 2016 Louisa Lobigs
 * 2015 Kimberley Wells
 * 2014 Lizzie Williams
 * 2013 Jessica Mundy
 * 2012 Jessica Allen
 * 2011 Joanne Hogan
 * 2010 Rachel Neylan
 * 2009 Amber Halliday
 * 2008 Carlee Taylor
 * 2007 Carla Ryan
 * 2006 Jessie MacLean

Rail trail
In January 2010, the Amy Gillett Bikeway was opened at Oakbank, South Australia. The trail follows a section of the former Mount Pleasant railway line.

title: Amy Gillett


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Spot (comics)

The Spot (Dr. Johnathon Ohnn) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted as an enemy of Spider-Man and Daredevil. The Spot gained the ability to open interdimensional portals and smaller-scale portals, which he uses to travel long distances instantly and commit crimes.

The character appears in a silent cameo in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), and is voiced by Jason Schwartzman in its sequels Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023) and the upcoming Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse.

Publication history
Dr. Johnathon Ohnn first appeared unnamed in Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man #97 (December 1984) and became the Spot in Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man #98 (January 1985). He was created by writer Al Milgrom and artist Herb Trimpe.

Creation
In an interview with Back Issue!, Milgrom discussed the character's creation,

"As I recall, the Kingpin wanted to find out how Cloak's power, that would transport himself and Dagger away whenever he chose, worked. I thought that it would be a cool idea if there were another character that could do that in another way like access that interdimensional-ity. Then I came up with the idea for the Spot. Then I imagined a visual for him. Herb Trimpe drew the issue, but I designed the visual on the character because I drew the cover first."

"One of the things I visualized was the Warner Bros. cartoons with Bugs Bunny. Elmer Fudd would be hunting him, and Bugs would go down the rabbit hole. Bugs would then move the hole like it was an extradimensional thing. That was kind of one of the inspirations for the character."

"I have a sick sense of humor, so I came up with the name Johnathan Ohnn. My thinking was that he would be Johnny Ohnn the Spot"

"Years after I created the Spot, I saw a rerun of an old Warner Bros. cartoon with a mad scientist who had the same schtick that he could produce black holes," "He could put them anywhere and jump through them. I don't remember seeing the cartoon when I created the character, but after watching it years later, I said, 'Oh, my God, that's the Spot.' I may have inadvertently ripped off an old Warner Bros. cartoon. I might have seen it as a kid and had it in the back of my head somewhere."

Fictional character biography
As a former MIT scientist working for the Kingpin, Dr. Johnathon Ohnn was assigned to reproduce the radiation levels of the superhero Cloak and artificially mimic his powers. Working late one night, he succeeded in creating a solid black circular portal. In doing so, however, the drain on the city's power became so great, a blackout washed over the city, causing the portal to shimmer and destabilize. Fearful of losing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, Ohnn stepped into it. The shock of the transition caused him to pass out. He awoke floating weightlessly in a dimension which he initially assumed was Cloak's dark dimension. He soon realized that the power shortage caused the portal to send him to a different dimension, a place of half darkness and half light. A seemingly infinite number of portals surrounded him in this place. Making swimming motions, he found the original portal that brought him there and slipped back through it. When Ohnn emerged back in his lab, his body had undergone a radical transformation. The portals from the other dimension had adhered to his skin, covering him with black spots acting as portals. When Spider-Man and Black Cat arrived to confront Kingpin, he appeared before them and announced himself as the Spot. Spider-Man collapsed on the roof, laughing at the name. The Spot ended up winning that first confrontation and warned the heroes to leave the Kingpin alone. He later lost a second battle against Spider-Man, because he was tricked into throwing too many of his spots as weapons and not keeping enough to defend himself with.

Spot later formed a short-lived team with Gibbon, Grizzly, and Kangaroo called the Spider-Man Revenge Squad, which was better known as the Legion of Losers. This team fell apart when Spider-Man carted the Spot and the Kangaroo to jail for bank robbery, and Grizzly and Gibbon left the group as they disagreed with their teammates' more ruthless approach. Some time later, the Spot was captured by an organization called the Gideon Trust and forced to open a portal to the Negative Zone. Gideon Trust hoped to investigate and exploit the natural resources of the Zone for their own purposes, but were defeated by the Fantastic Four who were trapped there. The Spot later helped Tombstone escape from a maximum security prison. In return, Tombstone snapped his neck. Despite this, he reappeared alive months later and arranged a meeting with Slyde. Both were upset at the reports of Hydra capturing or killing lesser-known supervillains. When the Spot arrived, both he and Slyde were quickly captured by a brainwashed Elektra. They were then resurrected by the Hand to join Hydra's army of superhumans and assault the S.H.I.E.L.D. helicarrier, however the Spot was taken out by Wolverine during the attack. The Spot returned in "Civil War: War Crimes" where he was recruited as part of Hammerhead's supervillain army. However, as Iron Man and S.H.I.E.L.D. attacked their forces, it remains unknown if the Spot was incarcerated with other villains and somehow escaped, or was among the casualties of the raid.

The Spot appeared in MODOK's 11 as part of a team organized by the villain of the same name to steal a weapon/power-source named the Hypernova. In the book, the Spot's intelligence seems to have been reduced to the point that he brags about having once been defeated by Spider-Man. He is showing a self-serving streak and in #3, it was revealed he'd defected to Temugin in return for a larger paycheck. He runs out on the rest of the team - leaving them to die - the instant they get the Hypernova. The Temugin immediately afterward trapped the Spot in the dimension he originally gained his powers from. The Temugin felt he couldn't trust the Spot not to backstab him like he had MODOK's 11. In the Brand New Day issues of Amazing Spider-Man, the Spot is seen in the "Bar With No Name". Later he begins to kill members of the Russian Mafia in revenge because his son was injured in a drive-by shooting and is now in a coma. During the "Dark Reign" storyline, Spot is one among many supervillains who joined the Hood's crime syndicate. It is later revealed he is serving as a mole for Mister Negative (a fellow Darkforce-powered villain) under the promise that he will be cured once the Maggia crime families are killed. During the Origin of the Species storyline, Spot is among the supervillains invited by Doctor Octopus to join his supervillain team where he promises each of them a reward in exchange that they secure some specific items for him. Ever since Lily Hollister's baby was stolen by the Chameleon, Spider-Man had been going on a rampage against any villains involved. The police ended up getting a web ball containing Spot, Diablo, and Overdrive.

Later, Spot worked with a man to kidnap the little girl of a mafia family during the wedding of her family and another mafia family, but the abduction was foiled by Daredevil. Spot was then captured and had his powers replicated by Coyote, a minion of an unknown figure trying to bring Daredevil down. Boomerang and Owl hire Spot onto the Sinister Sixteen, assembled to distract the Chameleon's forces while Boomerang steals from him. Spot was among the villains seen at the Bar with No Name when Black Cat tried to recruit a group of villains. They declined because of her affiliation to Electro. After Black Cat was thwarted by Spider-Man and Silk, Spot and the other criminals at the Bar with No Name joined her army when they wanted her to lead them. After helping the Ringer escape from prison, the Spot battled White Rabbit during a gang war, then attacked a museum, where he was incapacitated by Spider-Man and Spider-Man 2099. As part of the 2016 Marvel NOW!, Spot kidnapped Jessica Jones by punching her to an unknown van. Spot later appeared as a member of the Sinister Six that is led by Aaron Davis in a recolored version of the Iron Spider armor. He accompanied the group in their mission to steal a decommissioned S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier. During the "Infinity Wars" storyline, Spot is among the villains that accompany Turk Barrett to his meeting with the Infinity Watch at Central Park. During the "Hunted" storyline, Spot was seen as a patron at the Pop-Up with No Name. During the "Last Remains" arc, Spot was used by Mayor Wilson Fisk and Norman Osborn to power Project Blank and trap Kindred. Project Blank was inspired by the Darkforce Dome that was used to surround Manhattan back during Hydra's takeover of the United States.

Powers and abilities
Using his space warps, the Spot can instantly move himself or any part of his body from one area to another over a theoretically unlimited distance via another dimension nicknamed "Spotworld".

The Spot can control and manipulate the warps to almost any degree he wishes. He can expand or shrink them to any size, or he can join together multiple spots to form one larger warp. The spots are unaffected by gravity and can be placed against a surface or left suspended in mid-air. He can also designate which spots will lead to the spot dimension from those that will instantly lead to another location in this dimension. He can create new spots, or close them entirely by retreating into his dimension and pulling the warp in behind him (making a quiet "poit" sound). By concentrating, he used to be able to revert to his human appearance. When doing this, the spots merged to form one large black void in his chest, though this was easily covered with a shirt.

The number of space warps the Spot can throw is limited however, since he primarily draws on the ones on his own body. Spider-Man defeated Spot when his body was mostly white.

His preferred method of attack is to surround his opponent with numerous spots, allowing him to punch or kick them from unexpected angles across great distances. This proved very effective against Spider-Man as his spider-sense was unable to detect incoming attacks from another dimension, effectively negating this ability (and although the Spot's lack of super-strength meant that his punches did not actually do much damage even when they did connect, the cumulative effect could prove dangerous in an extended fight). The same phenomenon was true when Spot flung Spider-Man through a warp and he reappeared in this dimension too close to a wall to dodge. However, on Daredevil, who also has superhuman senses, this trick does not work, as his Radar Sense could easily detect the teleportation energy in the Spot's body, making it simple for him to tell where the Spot was going to attack from. The Spot can also move the spots on his body to protect himself from physical attack by positioning one in the path of a punch or kick, causing the attack to pass harmlessly through a warp.

Due to Spot's connection to "Spotworld", he appears to possess a form of immortality, being capable of speech even after having been decapitated; and if his physical body is fatally-wounded it will disintegrate and reconstitute itself in the Spotted Dimension.

Marvel Zombies: Dead Days
In the comic Marvel Zombies: Dead Days, Dr. Johnathon Ohnn (shown in his Spot form) appears in the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier with the other heroes who survived the Zombie plague.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel version of the Spot appeared in Ultimate Spider-Man #111. Not much is known about him, except that his name is Frank, and he worked for Roxxon Industries, where an accident gave him his powers. He has similar powers to his 616 counterpart, being able to use the "spots" on his body to attack his opponent from long range. After a fight with Spider-Man, he is apprehended. The main difference in appearance between the Ultimate version and his 616-counterpart is that his spots flow around his body like a lava lamp instead of staying put. From an illustrator's point of view he is not drawn with a Dalmatian-like pattern, but is instead penciled as a white figure and covered in black ink blots when the page is inked.

Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows
In Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows (an alternate reality first shown in the Secret Wars storyline where Peter and Mary Jane's marriage never ended), the Spot is one of the few beings with natural powers left free after the powerful Regent attempted to capture all powered beings to absorb their abilities for himself as part of a plan to challenge God Emperor Doom. Although Spot escaped, he apparently left parts of himself behind with the result that his body has obvious 'gaps' where his holes once were, and each time he uses one it takes away more of what remains of his body. Despite this, he 'sacrifices' one hole to save Spider-Man's family when they are attacked by the Sinister Six, and hides another in the Sandman so that the resistance can attack Regent directly.

Television

 * Dr. Johnathon Ohnn / The Spot appears in a self-titled episode of Spider-Man (1994), voiced by Oliver Muirhead. This version is initially a Stark Industries scientist until he is fired after Venom and Carnage steal his technology. Afterwards, Ohnn is hired by the Kingpin and given a lab and an assistant named Sylvia Lopez (voiced by Wanda De Jesus), with whom he enters a relationship. After several weeks, Ohnn and Lopez finish their work, but he accidentally falls into a portal, whereupon numerous more attach to him, giving him the ability to create them at will. Adopting the alias of the "Spot", he uses his newfound powers for personal gain; robbing banks and jewelry stores while lying to the Kingpin about his work. Ohnn later learns that the Kingpin is a crime lord after discovering Lopez works for him and tries to take over his criminal empire, but the Kingpin takes Lopez hostage to force Ohnn to continue working for him. Ohnn is sent to capture Spider-Man, who defeats the latter after using his "spider-sense" to deduce his pattern. Ohnn then explains to the web-slinger what happened and the two join forces to defeat the Kingpin, only to discover that one of Ohnn's portals was left open too long and it will eventually grow large enough to engulf the Earth. Ohnn, Spider-Man, and the Kingpin attempt to close it from the outside, but fail to, leading to Ohnn sacrificing himself to close it from the inside, though not before Lopez confesses her love for him and allows herself to be taken with him. Following the incident, Ohnn's portal technology is used to create the Time-Dilation Accelerator, which would later be used by villains like the Hobgoblin and Green Goblin.
 * An alternate universe variant of Ohnn appears in a flashback in the episode "I Really, Really Hate Clones". This version completed his work on interdimensional portal technology for the Kingpin without becoming the Spot, though he accidentally brought the Carnage symbiote into his universe, leading to the creation of Spider-Carnage, who combined a bomb with Ohnn's Time-Dilation Accelerator in an attempt to destroy the multiverse. However, Madame Web and the Beyonder assemble a team of Spider-Men from across the multiverse to stop him.
 * The Spot appears in Spider-Man (2017), voiced by Crispin Freeman.

Film
Dr. Johnathon Ohnn / The Spot appears in Sony's Spider-Verse trilogy, voiced by Jason Schwartzman.

 * An unnamed Alchemax scientist who Miles Morales throws a bagel at while escaping from a facility, retroactively identified as Ohnn, makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018).
 * Formally introduced as the primary antagonist in Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023), this version is a former Alchemax scientist who was involved in the testing of the Kingpin's "super-collider" and played an indirect role in Morales becoming their world's new Spider-Man. When Morales destroyed the collider during the events of Into the Spider-Verse, Ohnn was caught in the subsequent explosion and mutated after absorbing inter-dimensional energy. Due to this, he was fired, abandoned by his loved ones and turned to a life of crime to seek revenge on Morales, deeming him his archenemy. Offended that Morales sees him as another "Villain of the Week", Ohnn constructs a smaller version of the collider to absorb its energy and strengthen himself after learning he can access other dimensions. He then travels the multiverse to absorb energy from other Alchemax colliders, encountering members of Spider-Man 2099's "Spider-Society" in the process. After becoming fully empowered, Ohnn returns to his and Morales' native Earth-1610, intent on destroying it to complete his revenge.
 * Ohnn will return in Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse.

Video games
The Spot appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spot (comics)


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User talk:Broklynite

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Holistic Health
Thanks for trying to fix up that article. Unfortunately I removed the sections you were editing, exactly because of the maintenance tags that you added. There were attempts to add that same material to the article many times before, but of course no reliable sources for that material could be found. -- H eptor  talk 17:44, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

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HEY! Can someone please unblock me because I share my computer with a very immature little brother who finds it quite amusing to destroy things. All of the vandalism was done outside of my account as he has no password to it. Opuspup722 01:58, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

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Rotor Walrus
Do not blank out pages like this. If you feel that a page should be deleted, add it to Votes for deletion. If you feel it should be given a different title, move the page to a different title. If two duplicate pages exist on the same topic, decide which is the more appropriate title and replace the text of the other page with:
 * #REDIRECT The more appropriate title

Like this so people can still find it using the other title. This is called "merge and redirect". —  F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  08:48, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Vasquezcp1
Hello, I noticed you had made an article in the main namespace about yourself. That's what this page is for. The main namespace isn't the place for articles about yourself.

Hope you have fun here at Wikipedia! NickBush24 06:30, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:121Elias.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:121Elias.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging Image:TopherGrace1.jpg
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Image Tagged as Fair Use
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Unspecified source for Image:ChloeSteele.jpg
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jkelly 23:31, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Leftbehind lg.jpeg
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If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. feydey 04:51, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:BuckWilliams.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 07:39, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Mighty-2.jpeg)
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Image tagging for Image:RafordSteele.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 13:04, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:FFsonic1.jpg)
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Unclechuck1.jpg
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If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 07:53, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Rotorwalrus.jpg
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Nomination of Nicolae Carpathia for deletion
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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Dronebogus (talk) 01:30, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vasquezcp1


text:
Category talk:Spanish and Portuguese Jews

Sub-categorization
I actually agree with the anon. You can't just pick a few random places in the world and make Category:Spanish and Portuguese Jews a subcategory of them.--Pharos 06:40, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

I'm with Pharos here. As a rule, subcategorization is an is-a relationship. For example, one might have (I'm not suggesting this would be useful, just illustrating) Category:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam that inherited from both Category:Spanish and Portuguese Jews and Category:Amsterdam, but Category:Spanish and Portuguese Jews shouldn't inherit from Category:Amsterdam. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:48, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * The Spanish and Portuguese Jews are in fact defined by the locations of Amsterdam and London from the get-go. Also, I fail to see how categorising this category only as a sub-set of Category:Sephardi Jews can make any sense...! What happened with the categorising by components (e.g. (simplified): Dutch musicians < Dutch & musicians; Mizrachim < Jews & Middle East). What you are suggesting is to fail to categorise this group by any location. -- Olve 07:27, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This group is not specified to a location, except Spain and Portugal; that's the whole point of a "diaspora". Spanish and Portuguese Jews are emphatically not defined by just London and Amsterdam.--Pharos 07:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If so, why is it that the many of the main Spanish and Portuguese synagogues, including the ones in London, Willemstad and the Neveh Shalom in Spanish Town in Jamaica, are/were modelled specifically after the Amsterdam Esnoga — the mother community...? And why is it that the hakhamim were traditionally almost all educated in Amsterdam? -- Olve 07:40, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You're attaching entirely undue importance to Amsterdam and London. You quite forget that most of the Sephardi diaspora went to the North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeastern Europe.--Pharos 07:44, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * OK Pharos — you are misunderstanding the main point here: Spanish and Portuguese Jews is not synonymous with Sephardi Jews, but a specific term for that particular and distinctive sub-group of Iberian Sephardi Jews who formed communities in Western Europe and the (pre-modern) Americas, primarily in Amsterdam and London. I recognise 100% that Amsterdam and London are of minor importance to Sephardim as a whole — including the Sephardi settlements in Gibraltar,in cities like Casablanca, in the Balkans/Turkey, in the Middle East, etc. But that is irrelevant here. -- Olve 07:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Explain how "Spanish and Portuguese Jews" does not mean Jews from Spain and Portugal. Do you have a source for this?--Pharos 07:59, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It is a well-established term with tons of sources. A couple examples for now:
 * Dobrinsky: A treasury of Sephardic laws and customs : the ritual practices of Syrian, Moroccan, Judeo-Spanish and Spanish and Portuguese Jews of North America. Revised edition. Hoboken, N.J. : KTAV, 1988 ISBN0881250317
 * http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/projects2.html
 * -- Olve 08:08, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Even if a few people use "Spanish and Portuguese Jews" in this very specific way, it would be extremely troublesome to categorize anything under such an ambiguous title. May I instead suggest "Western Sephardi", an unambiguous term used on the very page you directed me to.--Pharos 08:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a mainstream academic term (try searching on “Spanish and Portuguese Jews” in the Jewish Encyclopedia) and the primary term used by the community in question. «Western Sephardim», on the other hand, is academically ambiguous, as it can include some or all of the Jews of the Maghreb — where certain groups share some, but not all, religious and cultural elements with the Spanish and Portuguese Jews. -- Olve 08:39, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Olve I must interject! You are putting "the cart before the horse" as it were. Do not confuse the fact that Jews from Spain and Portugal settled in other places later, but that those other places do not define them "retroactively" because it was firstly by their long histories and culture in Spain and Portugal which first and foremost defines their identity. You are also putting far too much emphasis on "synagogues" which do not count for much in terms of what Judaism is about in the long run. Judaism is defined by the degree to which Jews observed most of the 613 mitzvot of the Torah and studied the Talmud whereas "synagogues" are just a minor detail (just a "utilitarian" place in a sense) of the total life-style/s of the Jews of Spain and Portugal or anywhere else, as in all of Jewish history. Calm down. IZAK 08:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Izak: Please feel free to correct me when I am wrong. And, being a human, I am wrong plenty of times. But in this particular case, I happen to have done extensive research on the topic in question.
 * As for synagogues, these are of course (as both you and I know) just an example. An example, however, that in connection with this particular group is of (maybe uncharacteristically for Jews as a whole) particularly high importance. Other examples include many major characteristics of the ritual, including the non-inclusion of any Psalms before Psalm 29 in the Friday night service. There is a distinctive tradition of ta‘amim, there is a very distinctive tradition of Hebrew pronunciation, etc.
 * Having worked with primary and secondary sources to this tradition, I share the non-controversial notion found amongst, e.g., scholars like Edwin Seroussi, that the traditions and identity of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews are very tightly and characteristically interlinked with the general trends of intellectual and commercial Western Europe of the 1600s and 1700s. The former conversos’ reconstruction of their Sephardi roots in a general Western European intellectual setting within their newly-formed communities is so much a fundamental element that the cart actually, for once, belongs before the horse! :-) Olve 08:30, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Kanter: “High Holy Day melodies [...]”
“The many ex-Marrano communities which were established in Western Europe and the Americas after 1600 owe most of their customs and traditions to the parent community at Amsterdam. Records show that the early prayer books were shared by all, religious leaders and teachers were exchanged, and there was continuous contact between the Dutch community and its most far-flung branch. As each new congregation was formed, the older ‘siblings’ would contribute monies and religious articles necessary to the ritual and aesthetic needs of the community.” (Maxine Ribstein Kanter: “High Holy Day hymn melodies in the Spanish and Portuguese synagogues of London,” in Journal of Synagogue Music X (1980), No. 2, pp. 12–44) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Olve Utne (talk • contribs)


text: Category:Filipino actors

title: Category:Filipino actors


text:
Talk:Maura Corrigan

The biography of this individual is located at Maura D. Corrigan. This page should be made into a redirect.

title: Talk:Maura Corrigan