text:
Otokar Keršovani

Otokar Keršovani (23 February 1902 – 9 July 1941) was a Croatian and Yugoslav journalist, literary critic, publicist and communist politician.

He was born in Trieste, which was part of Austria-Hungary at the time. The collapse of the Habsburg Empire caught him in the Istrian town of Pazin, which was soon occupied by Italian forces and its Croatian school closed. Because of that Keršovani emigrated to Yugoslavia and began to study forest management at the University of Zagreb.

In 1924, he became a full-time journalist, working for Zagreb Press Bureau and contributing to the Zagreb daily Novosti. At the same time, he also began to associate himself with Communism and he formally became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In 1928, he was arrested and spent a year in prison. Upon his release he went to Serbia where he tried to organise local branches of SKOJ. In 1930, he was arrested once more and sentenced to ten years of prison, after admitting his Party membership to the court.

He served his sentence in Sremska Mitrovica prison, where he remained politically active. He served as Marxist ideology teacher for other incarcerated Communists. He also tutored other inmates in journalism and founded the prison newspaper Udarnik. He was released in February 1940 and continued to work in various left-wing magazines.

In March 1941, at the very eve of the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, he was arrested and put in Kerestinec prison. During his stay in prison he was visited by Božo Cerovski, an Ustaše commissioner for internal affairs and security of Croatia whom he know from prison in Lepoglava where both of them served their sentence. The Ustasha regime had him shot together with Zvonimir Richtmann, Božidar Adžija and Ognjen Prica as retaliation for Partisan activities.

After the war, a publishing company in Opatija, as well as the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Croatian Journalists' Association, were named after him.

Notes and references

 * Iveković, Mladen, Hrvatska lijeva inteligencija 1918-1945, Zagreb, Naprijed, 1970.
 * Keršovani, Otokar at lzmk.hr

title: Otokar Keršovani


text:
Órale

Órale is a common interjection in Mexican Spanish slang. It is also commonly used in the United States as an exclamation expressing approval or encouragement. The term has varying connotations, including an affirmation that something is impressive, an agreement with a statement (akin to "okay"), or to signify distress. The word's origin is from the verb orar (to pray), with the added suffix “-le”, which is a grammatical expletive – a word part that occupies a position without adding to the sense, e.g. “ándale” and “épale”.

In media and pop culture

 * As a greeting, the word is used by Cheech Marin in his 1987 film Born in East L.A. in the phrase "Órale vato, ¡wassápenin!", meaning "All right, man! What's happening?", a popular phrase used by Mexican Americans who have taken the gitano word vato from northern Mexico slang to mean "man".
 * Used as a slang term by Edward James Olmos in the 1988 American drama film, Stand and Deliver.
 * The phrase was popularized in professional wrestling (as a de facto catch-phrase) by Konnan and later Eddie Guerrero.
 * Óoorale! is the name of a popular Mexican gossip magazine, known for its pornographic content and forged photographs.
 * Beck's 1996 album Odelay uses a phonetic English rendering of "órale" as its title.
 * Stand-up comedian Gabriel Iglesias uses the term frequently, referring to his Mexican heritage.
 * The term is used often in the 1992 film American Me.
 * The term is used in the 1993 film Blood In Blood Out.
 * The term is used in the 1998 video game Grim Fandango.
 * The term is used in the 2013 video game Guacamelee!.
 * Órale is the name of the Grammy-nominated 7th album by Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea.
 * In George Lopez's eponymous ABC sitcom which originally aired from 2002 to 2007, his titular character shouts "Órale!" in many situations.
 * In the FX original series Sons of Anarchy, "órale" is frequently said by the Byz Lats during conversation.
 * In the AMC original series Breaking Bad, "órale" is frequently said by Tuco Salamanca.
 * In the FX series Snowfall, the term “órale” is used repeatedly by Mexican drug trafficker Gustavo Zapata.
 * In the Netflix series Queen of the South, the term “órale” is frequently used by Pote Galvez, a Mexican cartel soldier and trusted friend of Teresa Mendoza.
 * In the 2022 video game Modern Warfare II, Alejandro Vargas, the leader of a group with the Fuerzas Especiales (Mexican Special Forces) uses the term "órale" often when talking to and commanding his team.
 * Title of a song by El Vez, the Mexican Elvis

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Órale


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Betsy's Page

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Move and Keep, I think. humblefool®Deletion Reform 23:38, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Betsy's Page
Delete Appears to be nn vanity. Icelight 17:03, July 15, 2005 (UTC) I vote against deletion. -- Joanne Jacobs
 * Delete blogcruft. sigh.  Friday 17:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete' Bleh --malathion talk 19:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't Delete Betsy Newmark. I swear that I did not post this myself.  This was NOT a vanity post.  Someone else wrote it and I thank them.  There are plenty of Wikipedia entries on bloggers and I don't see why mine shouldn't be among them.  Check out some of the other entries under Bloggers and you'll see that this is a typical description of a blogger. Thank you for your consdideration.  My Background 18:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless reasons why this is a particularly notable blog are shown. Dcarrano 00:36, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

I also vote against deletion. This is blog is notable for her iconoclasm, wit, and insight.

Do not Delete People who are so quick to urge deletion have obviously not read her site much. Betsy may not be shy, but she is hardly so insecure as to post a vanity listing on Wikipedia.

I vote against deletion. I get so much out of reading Betsy's Page and think her blog deserves the recognition. -- Crystal

 * Delete It's not a vanity, and Betsy deserves an article because she's well-known and well-regarded amongst the major conservative blogs I frequent, but this article doesn't say anything that doesn't sound like the generic fawnings of a generic fan of a generic blog. Add to that it makes it look like shameless family promotion, when in fact a regular reader should find the associations to be substantive with respect to her commentary.  As long as deletion allows someone to subsequently come back and actually write something informative, I say delete until then. -- Chris Culbertson - 04:21, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep- site gets over 4000 visits according to TruthLaidBear rating. I have heard of this blog and have visited there although it isn't a site I regularly visit. Capitalistroadster 05:15, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

PULEEZE... what standards are being applied here? She is not writing about her sex life and her dog... she aggregates information, provides commentary and relevant links, focuses mostly on politcal issues, and does so with a high degree of wit and erudition. There is a personal touch also... but, I submit, no more so... and easier to endure... than Dan Rather's describing his wife's mastery of "Texas tact" as having learned how to french kissing a guy who chews tobacco...
 * Delete this is not encylopedic. Nothing in the keep votes so far attempts to establish notability or any reason for someone to think this might be encylopedic.  Vegaswikian 07:34, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

I vote against deletion. Betsy's iconoclastic blog allows me to see what's going on in politics and education in a new, better-informed light. She has a wonderfully independent way of looking at things that brings me back to her blog at least several times a day. She is, to my mind, one of the top three bloggers on the planet--and believe me, I read a LOT of blogs. --Barb Oakley

 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 12:11, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete Non-notable, sockpuppets and/or meatpuppets should learn to stay away. Xoloz 16:28, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * e.g. Note that all of the "Keep" votes except for one have been made by either anon IP addresses or user's first posts. Icelight 00:01, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Strong Against Deletion - space is not a problem, so what's wrong with having entries that are relatively minor in import? Like it or not, Betsy's Page is an excellent example of the blog as citizen journalism. She is a regular poster, and has demonstrated the utility of blogs by her fisking of Kerry's Daniel Webster quote. [Linda F, Right As Usual, http://rightasusual.blogspot.com]
 * Delete. Not terribly notable. Nandesuka 20:44, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Rather than asked to stay away, new users who have been pointed here are invited to make themselves familiar with Wikipedia's Policies and Guidelines and, in particular, Deletion policy. In short, we are not voting on whether Betsy is interesting, witty, popular or capable. We are voting on whether an article about her blog could be encyclopedic, based on verifiability, neutrality, and notability. Dystopos 00:53, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (and Redirect to Betsy Newmark. She seems to be borderline notable as a blogging teacher, (five time winner of a national teacher award, etc.) and is frequently referenced by conservative blogs. In my opinion this is more defensible as a biographical article than an article about the blog. I don't see that either is especially notable, but as long as it's NPOV and verifiable, (which it is, after I cleaned out the vanity and expanded the article) I have no problem with the content. Dystopos 01:35, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The references furnished below are convincing as to Newmark's notability. Dystopos 02:50, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. The blog is notable enough that in the last couple of days alone it has been featured on the cover of Washington Post Magazine (here)and on CNN (here).  Should such evidence of "notableness" be included in the article? - David M
 * Yes, noteworthy events that contribute to notability are encyclopedic. Dystopos 02:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC) (so added)

 * Keep Definitely notable enough. --Grpunkim 19:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (and Redirect to Betsy Newmark.) Reasonably popular blog with consistent content that's been covered in other media; could be a future newsmaker with political commentary and analysis, in which case a Wikipedia bio entry will be a useful reference. Gojomo 21:33, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * Keep, redirectTimmybiscool 22:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Rename --  The Time Killer

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ngee ann wichita scouts troop

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was deleted. Dmcdevit·t 07:13, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Ngee ann wichita scouts troop
It's a scout troop. Not encyclopedic. CDC  (talk)  17:03, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Phoenix2 17:11, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete kidcruft. Friday 17:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Dcarrano 00:37, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 06:55, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:List of Turkish Airlines destinations

Removing flags
Removing flags as they are not needed.inspector 19:06, 5 November 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Inspector123 (talk • contribs)

Berlin Tegel vs. Berlin Brandenburg
According to this article, Tegel is scheduled to close on 2012-6-3. However, the current Turkish Airline's timetable, that also supports the discontinuance of some services and the resumption of others, is not valid until that date. I strongly suggest to stick to official information rather that assuming the airline will continue serving Berlin by that time. Is anyone plenty sure that TK will not discontinue its services to Berlin by then? Please remember that one of the pillars of Wikipedia is verifiability and not truth (which in this case is crystal balling).--Jetstreamer (talk) 19:09, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Destinations with an end date
I intended to revert the last IP edits regarding the matter, as I provided a reference that supports that assertions —it actually does so for almost the entire table of destinations—. Nevertheless, I consider to be more fruitful a discussion here, and also will stick to WP:CRYSTALHAMMER and just wait. Again, please bear in mind that one of the pillars of Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth. The fact is that the timetable provided puts an end to some of the destinations. As always, everybody's opinion is welcome.--Jetstreamer (talk) 14:39, 26 November 2011 (UTC)

Solomon Islands
Has Turkish ever had operations in Solomon Islands as pictured in the map? Also I'm not sure it's best to highlight Christmas Island/Heard Island as part of Australia. And is there a source for them being interested in Fiji? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.196.13.192 (talk) 10:57, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

Sources for dropped destinations (Kuala Lumpur, Strasbourg and Miami)
Kuala Lumpur:

KUL is only served by MH aircraft. It is a code-share destination for TK (TK-operated flights were dropped in 2002)

http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/announcements/3929/thy-and-malaysian-airlines-code-share-agreement.aspx http://www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/general_aviation/read.main/940132/

Strasbourg:

Istanbul does not appear as a destination served from Strasbourg Airport.

http://www.strasbourg.aeroport.fr/#2

It also does not appear on the TK Web site when you try to enter it as destination (it was dropped years ago!)

Miami: TK flights to Miami operate on a code-share basis with United Airlines and Lufthansa. The city is not served by TK aircraft. http://www.miami-airport.com/airline_information.asp http://airlineroute.net//?s=turkish+miami — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.226.211.122 (talk) 10:04, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
 * That's the reason these three destinations are marked as terminated.--Jetstreamer Talk 10:37, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

 * MIA shall not be there, since we don't have a direct service from IST to MIA. This list should not include CS destinations. Davion 12:15, 16 October 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by MCauthon (talk • contribs)
 * MIA is marked as terminated. Why not including it? Separately, who are you referring to when you say "we"?--Jetstreamer Talk 12:34, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

New destinations - 2012
According to http://airlineroute.net/category/turkish-airlines/

the following should be added to the list:

Yanbu - eff. June 11 Taif - eff. June 20 Kinshasa - effective Aug. 27 Aalborg - eff. June 16 Billund - eff. June 16 Abidjan - eff. July 17

Debona.michel (talk) 13:13, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

 * That source is not reliable.--Jetstreamer Talk 20:52, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Salzburg
Nowhere in the reference provided is stated that the airline will start services on the date disclosed in the article. I've hidden the entry for this destination over WP:ORIGINAL concerns.--Jetstreamer Talk 11:01, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I keep insisting in that the start date for some of the new services included in the table cannot be verified from the references supposed to be supporting them. For instance, where in the reference provided for Aqaba is disclosed that flights are starting on 2013-4-3? This is original research. I will remove these destinations from the list, unless valid sources supporting the dates are included.--Jetstreamer Talk 22:46, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * ✅--Jetstreamer Talk 13:36, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Edit request on 22 February 2013
Please add the Constanta(CND),LRCK ,Mihail Kogalniceanu intl.airport, starting from 26 april 2013 to Istanbul Airport (IST) According to : 1.Turkish Airlines web page (by selecting online services and make an first step in reservation. 2.Constanta Mihail Kogalniceanu web page (tab destinations :www.mk-airport.ro/indexen.php) 3.http://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/176802/turkish-airlines-to-start-constanta-service-from-june-2013/ 4.Reservation websites (THY online - Amadeus, tripsta)

81.12.168.225 (talk) 14:03, 22 February 2013 (UTC) Paul Savin
 * Oppose. Verifiability is a policy, and you need to know that not every source is appropriate here, especially the ones that are not considered reliable. Unfortunately, the first source you suggest cannot be used, as a reader should not perform a search to find what s(he) tries to verify. The third one is definitely not reliable, and reservations websites fall under the same issues than the first source does. The only reference that might work is the second one, as I already told you in my talk page. However, I don't see the rush. Why not waiting for an official press release or a more reliable source?--Jetstreamer Talk 20:04, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. TK has cancelled the launch of Constanta service as per http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/announcements/17839/attention-to-constanta-passengers. Snoozlepet (talk) 18:18, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Please change Kuala Lumpur from terminated to resumed as TK officially announced KUL flights http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/news/17783/kuala-lumpur-flights-has-changed. Thanks! Snoozlepet (talk) 02:39, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

Sydney
When Turkish Airlines begins Sydney? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Minhtuanvn 1995 (talk • contribs) 07:52, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * You should have asked this question before adding the destination into the article. I've removed your edits; they are totally unsourced.--Jetstreamer Talk 13:48, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Terminated Cargo destinations
How can we show the terminated cargo points? Same with other grey colored passenger destinations? or do we need to show terminated freighter destinations on the list? May be it can be listed separately. Thanks & Kind Regards.. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ushuaia1 (talk • contribs) 11:12, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Terminated destinations are marked in grey for both cargo and passenger destinations. In the new layout, which should be implemented as soon as possible for the list, terminated destinations are marked by using .--Jetstreamer Talk 13:13, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

Unreliable source
I'll be removing entry in a week or so citing unreliability concerns for the source provided, unless a reliable reference is found.--Jetstreamer Talk 00:31, 3 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Another editor the entry.--Jetstreamer Talk 22:51, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Passenger
--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 11:19, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

Freighter
--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 11:19, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

Flags?
Hello, where are the flags? AminC99 (talk) 07:16, 26 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Read MOS:FLAGS. That's the reason they're gone. Furthermore, please do not re-add links that have been removed in accordance with MOS:LINK. Thanks.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 10:37, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

Flights to Benghazi still cancelled on 17th of June 2014
Turkish Airlines flights to Benghazi continue to be indicated as cancelled in the "flight info" of Istanbul Atatürk Airport, on 17th of June 2014, after the final date when Turkish Airlines said the flights would be suspended Mondolkiri1 (talk) 17:29, 17 June 2014 (UTC) - http://www.ataturkairport.com/en-EN/flightinfo/Pages/Flightinfo.aspx Mondolkiri1 (talk) 17:35, 17 June 2014 (UTC)

Archived references not used in the article
--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 10:49, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 76 external links on Turkish Airlines destinations. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://airlineroute.net/2015/02/19/tk-awz-s15/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/news/news/turkish-airlines-launches-a-new-route-to-atlanta
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/download/timetable/2014_summer_general_en.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/turkish-airlines-will-add-six-new-destinations-for-2015-in-africa-for-a-total-of-48-cities-202922
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/23393/turkish-airlines-added-its-231st-destination-by-inaugurating-flights-to-constanta-romania
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120703162039/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-275509-turkish-airlines-winds-down-operations-in-syria.html to http://www.todayszaman.com/news-275509-turkish-airlines-winds-down-operations-in-syria.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/4064/turkish-airlines-operates-its-first-flight-to-jakarta-indonesia.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050040/http://www.kastamonuilkhaber.com/haber/1307-ilk-ucak-seferi-temmuz-da-basliyor to http://www.kastamonuilkhaber.com/haber/1307-ilk-ucak-seferi-temmuz-da-basliyor
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-adds-a-new-route-to-the-asia-pacific-region
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/airline-routes-sept-26-2014
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/11999/turkish-airlines-launches-its-services-to-kigali-rwanda
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/news/14709/our-new-flights-kilimanjaro
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.air-journal.fr/2013-02-05-turkish-airlines-detaille-son-istanbul-marseille-566215.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/3505/turkish-airlines-launches-new-flight-to-mashad.aspx
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160411195935/http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/30/rp-tks81/ to http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/30/rp-tks81/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/9586/turkish-airlines-launches-its-services-to-mogadishu-somalia
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.domodedovo.ru/en/main/news/press_rel/?ID=3141
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/cargo/announcements/9667/turkish-cargo-airport-change-in-moscow.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/3364/turkish-airlines-launches-new-flights-to-nairobi.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/5163/turkish-airlines-launches-its-first-inaugural-flight-from-istanbul-to-podgorica-montenegro.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/8584/turkish-airlines-announces-its-first-flight-to-suleymaniyah-iraq.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://airlineroute.net/2014/12/31/tk-tpe-s15/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/23405/new-destinations-in-baltic-states
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/6454/turkish-airlines-announces-its-first-flight-to-salonika-greece.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/news/airline-routes-0713-1
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/news/airline-routes-0206
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://wwwdownload.thy.com/kargo/pdf/cargo_schedule_summer_2012.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.air-journal.fr/2014-08-01-algerie-turkish-airlines-arrive-a-tlemcen-et-batna-5111686.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/already-having-one-of-the-world-s-most-extensive-flight-network-by-flying-to-106-countries-turkish-airlines-added-its-247th-network-destination-with-the-addition-of-stavropol-russia
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/23351/al-qassim-saudi-arabia-joined-the-network
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/ceo-turkish-airlines-grows-network-limits-300-destinations-1219
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/mazar-i-sharif-afghanistan-joins-the-network
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/announcements/4087/sabiha-gokcen-flights.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/download/timetable/kis-tarifesi-2016-subat.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/11431/turkish-airlines-adds-bremen-in-germany-to-its-network
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/press-release-detail/turkish-airlines-10th-flight-destination-in-the-americas-is-montreal
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/17479/turkish-airlines-adds-to-libreville-gabon-to-its-african-network
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/6525/turkish-airlines-announces-its-first-flight-to-genoa-italy.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/8130/turkish-airlines-announces-its-first-flight-to-najaf-iraq.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.air-journal.fr/2012-11-26-turkish-airlines-atterrit-aux-maldives-561708.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/22715/turkish-airlines-began-operations-to-friedrichshafen-germany
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/23220/turkish-airlines-began-operations-to-santiago-de-compostela-spain
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/21830/turkish-airlines-began-service-to-aqaba-jordan
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/press-room/press-releases/17483/turkish-airlines-begins-its-operations-to-colombo-sri-lanka
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Delta Air Lines destinations which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:44, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

removal of destinations regarded as terminated
The list currently contains a lot of destinations to which services have been terminated. Also there are countries and cities to which there are no services yet are present in the list. Terminated routes are of no use to wikipedia users. I think that we should remove the terminated destinations and cities without service with reference to the destinations page of Turkish airlines. The list can be edited if new services resume or a terminated route is resumed again Akshitjain2112 (talk) 05:46, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * According to whom terminated destinations are of no use? IMO, they are equally or even more important than current destinations as this is an encyclopedia, not a travel guide.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 14:16, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * People seeking to travel on the airlines will gain nothing from destinations and destinations that an airline previously flew too will be of use to whom. The point of Wikipedia is to give all relevant information on a topic in a concise manner Akshitjain2112 (talk) 17:10, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * People seeking to travel should not use Wikipedia, this is not a travel guide.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 21:16, 7 November 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:WebFOCUS

Edited to conform to NPOV (facts rather than assertions).

This reads suspiciously like ad copy. Additionally, all of the external links point to the product vendor. It would help if the article had "third party" citations and comparisons to competing products. William (Bill) Bean 13:15, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Editing the advertising out caused incorrect statements
I accept that the Wikipedia editors wanted to reduce the non-NPOV content for this entry, but the edits of April 2008 eliminated any relevant content and, worse, claimed something that was false -- specifically, that WebFOCUS is a language.

I am completely updating this page, noting company claims and industry information with citations. I welcome opportunities to adjust my language to a more neutral POV, but these are the things that make the company what it is, so I would appreciate it if people would contact me (jake_freivald at informationbuilders.com) and have a discussion rather than simply hacking out the meat of the entry.

Thanks! Jdfreivald (talk) 21:13, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:WebFOCUS


text:
Aris Poulianos

Aris Poulianos (24 July 1924 – 21 March 2021) was a Greek anthropologist and archaeologist.

Early life and career
Aris Poulianos was born on 24 July 1924. Before becoming an anthropologist, Poulianos fought during World War II as a member of ELAS in 1942 and 1943. During the Greek Civil War, he fought on the side of the DSE in 1948 and 1949. After the war, Poulianos studied biology at Queens College, New York and then anthropology in Moscow.

Poulianos earned his Ph.D in Moscow under the supervision of anthropologist F. G. Debets in 1961 with a dissertation on The Origin of the Greeks, a work based on anthropometric studies of a sample of present-day Greek people. In 1965, he returned to Greece as a researcher. In 1971, Poulianos founded the Anthropological Association of Greece, which is now run by his son, Nikos. This organization has had a long-standing dispute with the Greek Ministry of Culture, after the latter's attempts to evict the association from the excavation site in the Petralona Cave, which was conceded to them after a 1981 contract. In 1976, Poulianos founded the Department of Paleoanthropology-Spelaeology, which functions within the Greek Ministry of Culture.

Petralona skull
From the 1970s, Poulianos investigated early hominid remains found in a cave near Petralona, Greece, and became known for controversial claims over their age. According to Poulianos, the Petralona Cave was accidentally discovered in 1959 by local villagers searching for a spring in the mountainside. The Petralona skull, specifically, was discovered in 1960 when it was removed from a rock in the cave. Early estimates at the time placed the age of the hominid remains to around 70,000 years old. Poulianos would ultimately study the remains, name the hominid Archanthropus europeaus petraloniensis, and estimate its age to be around 700,000 years old.

During the 1980s, the age of the Petralona hominid estimated by Poulianos was challenged by an article in Nature. The scientists involved used electron spin resonance measurements and dated the age of the skull to between 160,000 and 240,000 years old (research based on the detailed analysis of the Cave's stratigraphy has proven that the original chronography of the skull is ultimately closer to the age of 700 000 years claimed by Dr. Poulianos). However, Poulianos states that his excavations in the cave since 1968 provide evidence of human occupation from the Pleistocene era. The Petralona hominid, specifically, was located in a stratigraphic layer containing the most tools and traces of habitation. Poulianos states that the age of the overall layer is approximately 670,000 years old, based on electron spin resonance measurements. Further excavations at Petralona revealed two human skeletons that were dated to be 800,000 years old.

Today, most academics who have analyzed the Petralona remains classify the hominid as Homo erectus. However, the Archanthropus of Petralona has also been classified as a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) and as an early generic class of Homo sapiens. Some authors, on the other hand, believe that the Petralona cranium is derived from a unique class of hominids different from Homo erectus. Runnels and van Andel summarise the situation as such : "The only known hominid fossil in Greece that may be relevant is the Petralona hominid, found by chance in 1960 in a deep cavern in the Chalkidiki. Controversy surrounds the interpretation of this cranium, and it has been variously classified as Homo erectus, as a classic Neanderthal (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis), and as an early representative of Homo sapiens in a generalized sense (Day 1986: 91-95). The consensus among paleoanthropologists today is that the cranium belongs to an archaic hominid distinguished from Homo erectus, and from both the classic Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (Day 1986: 95; Stringer, Howell, and Melenitis 1979). Whatever the final classification may be, the cranium has been provisionally dated to ca. 200-400 kyr (Day 1986: 94 Hennig et al. 1981, 1982; Wintle and Jacobs 1982), and it is thus possible that the Petralona hominid represents the lineage responsible for the Thessalian Lower Paleolithic sites."

Homo erectus trilliensis
In September 1995, Poulianos presented a calcified tibia found in Triglia, Chalkidiki, which he claimed belonged to a Homo erectus form he termed Homo erectus trilliensis, and which he dated to 11 million years before the present. Poulianos believes that his discovery may challenge the Out of Africa theory regarding human evolution.

Death
Aris Poulianos died on 21 March 2021, at the age of 96. However, news of his death was not widely publicised until 2023.

Published works

 * 1960 - "The Origin of Greeks"; Ph.D Thesis at Moscow Institute of Anthropology; Reprinted in Athens in 1962, 1965, 1968, and 1988.
 * 1961 - "Discovery of a Skull of Palaeolithic Man in Greece"; Voprossi Anthropologhii, 8:162.
 * 1963 - "New Palaeolithic Finds of Greece"; Sov. Arheologhia, 2: 227-229.
 * 1965 - "On the Position of the Petralona Man within Palaeoanthropi"; Sov. Ethnografia, 2: 91-99.
 * 1967 - "The Place of the Petralonian Man among Palaeoanthropi"; Anthropos C 19, (N.S.11): 216-221. in Akten Anthropologischen Kongresses Brno.
 * 1971 - "Petralona: A Middle Pleistocene Cave in Greece"; Archaeology, 24: 6-11.
 * 1975 - "Palaeoanthropological excavations at Petralona. Prakt. Archaeol.; Et.: 131-136. Athens.
 * 1977 - "Stratigraphy and Age of the Petralonian Archanthropus"; Anthropos, 4: 37-46. Athens.
 * 1980 - "The Petralona Finds"; Thessaloniki. Yearbook of the Society of Macedonian Studies: 65-76.
 * 1981 - "Pre-sapiens Man in Greece"; Current Anthropology, 22 (3): 287 - 288.
 * 1981 - "Climatic Fluctuations at Petralona Cave"; Terra Cognita.

title: Aris Poulianos


text:
Talk:Thames Barrier

Untitled
The link @ Notes to the enviroment agency is dead. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.103.196.5 (talk) 16:37, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

Inches? Yards??
Shouldn't the measurements quoted here be metric? Alright, we still use miles, and I like aa pint as much as anyone, but this is describing a work of engineering and in that field I don't think anyone in the UK uses inches, feet or yards. This will just have people reaching for the conversion tables...Girth Summit (talk) 14:03, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

The shell roofs
This article could do with a section on the shell roofs. They are made with glued laminated timber ribs covered with cross-boarded softwood and clad with stainless steel. They were fabricated in Liverpool and shipped to the site on coastal barges. Dendrotek 20:38, 11 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dendrotek (talk • contribs)

You might want to add references to the barrier as it related to the Queen's Jubilee
Hi, I first heard about the Thames Barrier when it was mentioned during news coverage of the Queen's Jubilee; I thought you might want to add something about that here. 75.18.215.50 (talk) 22:35, 27 June 2012 (UTC)Laura

File:Thames Barrier, London, England - Feb 2010.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Thames Barrier, London, England - Feb 2010.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on January 25, 2013. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2013-01-25. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng  {chat} 19:34, 23 January 2013 (UTC)

Why doesn't the water flow around the barrier when it is closed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.76.80.74 (talk) 15:27, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

Dead link reference 1
is this what was cited http://www.docklandsmemories.org.uk/Floods1953.pdf ? Brownturkey (talk) 20:07, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 5 one external links on Thames Barrier. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081120181337/http://www.westsilvertownfoundation.org.uk/Floods1953.pdf to http://www.westsilvertownfoundation.org.uk/Floods1953.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080917221210/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk:80/regions/thames/323150/335688/341764/341785/?version=1&lang=_e to http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/regions/thames/323150/335688/341764/341785/?version=1&lang=_e
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120619202806/http://www.al-rushaid.com:80/engineering06.htm to http://www.al-rushaid.com/engineering06.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120320031936/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/105205.aspx to http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/105205.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20081223120826/http://www.thamesweb.com:80/news_story.php?news_id=144 to http://www.thamesweb.com/news_story.php?news_id=144

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London Development Agency
Can the role of London Development Agency with regards to the Thames barrier be clarified here and on that body's page. Jackiespeel (talk) 10:54, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
 * , sure. Do you have any reference material (URLs please) for us to work from (and cite).  —Sladen (talk) 13:59, 27 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Would be appropriate as 'thoroughly official'?

Looking at it appears that the LDA developed the Thames Barrier #Park# (but there may have been some redevelopment of the barrier as well). Jackiespeel (talk) 21:57, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 6 external links on Thames Barrier. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110812172600/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Leisure/Thames_Barrier_2010_project_pack.pdf to http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Leisure/Thames_Barrier_2010_project_pack.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121215093419/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/publications/41065.aspx to http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/library/publications/41065.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120221223805/http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/news/2007-11stormsurge.html to http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/news/2007-11stormsurge.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/floods/105205.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111110074451/http://www.halcrow.com/Thames-Hub/PDF/Thames_Hub_vision.pdf to http://www.halcrow.com/Thames-Hub/PDF/Thames_Hub_vision.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130309043829/http://www.phase9.tv/movies/flood.shtml to http://www.phase9.tv/movies/flood.shtml

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Images of the gates and how they work
The images and their captions are confusing. They do not adequately describe how the barrier works. The caption for the image "Thames Barrier", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Barrier#/media/File:Thames_Barrier_03.jpg states "Close-up of the barrier gates, which are closed when a flood warning is issued". I do not believe this is a close-up, as it shows nearly all of the barrier's rising sector gates. In such a wide view, the hydraulic gate actuators are the only visible feature. A zoom-in is required to see that the rising sector gates are closed (rotated up above the river bed). I suggest cropping the picture to show a single gate and its piers with a caption "Close up a barrier gate in a closed (flood protecting) position".

The second image File:Thames Barrier - simple operation diagram.png could be improved by providing an orientation label. Frankly, I couldn't tell if the blue area was sky or water, and if water which way the river flowed (left to right, right to left, into or out of the image). I suggest adding labelled arrows: normal river flow --> <-- tide or storm surge

Thanks for your consideration. 2601:600:807F:EA17:5903:4423:C702:E8F2 (talk) 16:57, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Don't understand...
"operational since 1984" - but the table gives first closure in 82/83??

"Design and construction" - does not give a single clue about the construction! How was it build?

"there have been 179 flood defence closures" - and 94 of them, more than half, were in just the three years 2000, 2002 and 2013, while in 16 other years there were 1 or 0 - why? 47.71.2.160 (talk) 08:38, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

Future
This section currently includes these sentences, "At the time of its construction, the barrier was expected to be used 2–3 times per year. It is now being used 6–7 times per year." (citing a report from 2006). In three of the last five years, the barrier has only been used once, and in the other two years two and three times. The 2006 citation no longer seems to be "now". Noel S McFerran (talk) 22:33, 31 December 2018 (UTC)
 * the whole article is bad and irritating, see all the crititics above. nobody reads, reacts and changes the artikel. wp is dead.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.71.58.7 (talk) 18:53, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

Why it was built.
I recall when the Thames Barrier was being considered, the issue was of London and the south of England sinking. Global Warming and Climate Change had not yet been invented. London and the south of England is still sinking; the water is not rising! Of course now we have to blame 'climate change' for rising water levels. As per Dr Patrick Moore (founder of Green Peace), there is no Climate Change emergency! Yes, the barrier is necessary, and it may need to be modified to cope with higher water levels as the land sinks. But dont blame CO2 for any rise in water level. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.7.170 (talk) 16:48, 19 December 2019 (UTC)

Architecture
I came to this page to find out about the architect(ure) of the Thames Barrier, as it reminds me of the Sydney Opera House. However, there was no information about the architect. I found this information elsewhere: https://www.architecturaleye.co.uk/portfolios/thames-barrier/

...as I’m not a native english speaker, I’d rather not try to edit the article myself. I just think a visitor of this page might find this piece of information interesting and relevant. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.76.23.97 (talk) 18:35, 27 January 2020 (UTC)

Architecture
I came to this page to find out about the architect(ure) of the Thames Barrier, as it reminds me of the Sydney Opera House. However, there was no information about the architect. I found this information elsewhere: https://www.architecturaleye.co.uk/portfolios/thames-barrier/

...as I’m not a native english speaker, I’d rather not try to edit the article myself. I just think a visitor of this page might find this piece of information interesting and relevant. 85.76.23.97 (talk) 18:38, 27 January 2020 (UTC)

Reason for Thames Barrier
When I was studying geography at school in the 60's I was told that the south of England and London in particular were sinking while Scotland was rising. This was due to plate tectonics. The Thames Barrier was installed to protect London from its sinking, not the water level rising. Now of course we are told the water is rising due to Global Warming or Climate Change. Its just another lie by the climate alarmists. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.66.207.32 (talk) 21:42, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

Map. Was looking for floodplain to understand the function of the barrier.
Found image/map in one of reference(12) pdfs. Map of floodplain should be added to article to understand their existence in relation to the geography and flood.

http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101216014218/http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Leisure/Thames_Barrier_2010_project_pack.pdf 2A01:799:109B:100:C267:E7C5:9AFB:3ADE (talk) 10:47, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thames Barrier


text:
User:Kathy Buell Woods

As an introduction, I am a scientist, technologist, and futurist.

I live in the Pacific Northwest and am employed as a chemist.

My interests and passions include:

All aspects of Artificial Intelligence

Mathematical Modeling - I have been developing a topological model of how the human mind can make leaps of insight to solve complex problems when given incomplete, often erroneous data.

Solar Astronomy - particularly the study of solar flares, solar moss, and coronal activity.

Semantics and Linguistics - particularly interested in the Semantic Web and Secondary Semantic Differentiation.

Science and Technology's role in changing society - Philosophy of Science and Technology.

And, of course, "Wikipedia"!

title: User:Kathy Buell Woods


text:
Anysis

Anysis was a king of Egypt, mentioned only in book II of Histories by Herodotus. Herodotus says he came from a city after which he was named. He was blind and was deposed by Aethiopians led by Sabacos. After fifty years of hiding in marshland on the island Elbo, he came back into power.

According to Herodotus, Anysis created the island from the marsh "by heaping up ashes and earth: for whenever any of the Egyptians visited him bringing food, according as it had been appointed to them severally to do without the knowledge of the Ethiopian, he bade them bring also some ashes for their gift."

title: Anysis


text:
Cofidis (cycling team)

Cofidis  is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by a money-lending company, Cofidis. It was started in 1996 by Cyrille Guimard, the former manager of Bernard Hinault, Greg LeMond and Laurent Fignon of the Renault–Elf–Gitane team of the 1980s. The team's sponsor has supported the team despite repeated problems such as doping scandals. After it was part of the UCI ProTour for the ProTour's first five seasons, from 2010 the team competed as a UCI Professional Continental team. The team joined the UCI World Tour for the 2020 season.

History
Cyrille Guimard started the team in 1996 with backing from François Migraine, the chief executive of Cofidis. An early acquisition was Lance Armstrong, formerly of Motorola Cycling Team. Armstrong was dropped because of his cancer and another American, Bobby Julich, became leader for stage races. Julich's place in the top three of the 1998 Tour de France brought the team to the spotlight, and Frank Vandenbroucke brought further results in classics. That year, Cofidis won the team classification in the Tour.

Years of drought followed as Julich and Vandenbroucke left the team. Vandenbroucke's Belgian compatriots, Nico Mattan, Chris Peers, Peter Farazijn, and Jo Planckaert, stayed on but were criticised for inconsistent performances. Cofidis, on the demand of Migraine, began paying riders by results, judged by the points they won in a season-long competition run by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Belgian riders criticised the policy, saying it would lead riders to ride conservatively to be sure of good placings at the finish. They debated the issue publicly with the manager, Alain Bondue, and left.

David Millar raised the team's profile by winning the prologue of the 2000 Tour de France, taking leadership of the team. Millar criticized the points system and the team relented.

In 2004 Cofidis had three world champions – Igor Astarloa on the road, David Millar in the individual time trial and Laurent Gané on the track. However, a doping scandal involving Millar and other riders led them to stop racing until it was resolved. Astarloa left the team. The investigation decided that doping was by individual riders and that the team was not involved. David Millar has since suggested otherwise, in a strongly worded interview with the BBC. In May 2004 the team announced that Bondue and team doctor Jean-Jacques Menuet had both resigned. The team then returned to competition for the 2004 Tour de France, in which Stuart O'Grady and David Moncoutié won stages, Moncoutié's on Bastille Day.

Following the doping scandals, the team appointed Éric Boyer as team manager in 2005. Moncoutié won on Bastille day again in the 2005 Tour de France – the only French stage win – with O'Grady's help. A new signing, Sylvain Chavanel failed to win a stage or to make a strong impression.

O'Grady and Matthew White left in 2006. Cédric Vasseur – often the road captain – also left. An early victory in Classic Haribo by Arnaud Coyot showed the team still had firepower. Cofidis won the first stage of the 2006 Tour de France with Jimmy Casper, in a chaotic sprint.

For 2007 the team signed Belgians Nick Nuyens and Kevin De Weert from Quick-Step–Innergetic.

On 25 July 2007 Cofidis rider Cristian Moreni failed his doping test after the 11th stage of the Tour de France. His blood contained traces of testosterone. Moreni acknowledged doping. The team withdrew from the Tour.

In 2008 the team enjoyed the most successful season of Boyer's time as manager, with Chavanel winning Dwars door Vlaanderen and Brabantse Pijl and Chavanel and Samuel Dumoulin both taking stage wins in that year's Tour de France.

On 29 September 2009, the UCI ProTour decided not to renew the ProTour licenses of Cofidis and Bbox Bouygues Telecom, due to poor results.

In 2012, the team received a wildcard invitation to the Tour de France, along with three other French-registered teams. A few days before the start of the race, Boyer was sacked as manager of the team, with Migraine blaming him for poor results: he was replaced by former, and  directeur sportif Yvon Sanquer.

On 10 July 2012, the first rest day in the 2012 Tour de France, French police raided the Cofidis team hotel, arresting French rider Rémy Di Gregorio on suspicion of doping.

For the 2015 season the team announced it had signed 2014 Giro d'Italia points classification winner, Nacer Bouhanni, along with Dominique Rollin, Geoffrey Soupe and Steve Chainel.

After a 2017 season during which the team only took 13 wins, in October of that year the team announced that Sanquer had been sacked, and that he would be replaced as manager by former Cofidis rider Vasseur.

The team returned to UCI WorldTour status in the 2020 season, and the team will using De Rosa bikes beginning from the 2020 season, ending their contract with Kuota.

Starting with the 2023 season the team will be riding Look bicycles.

National champions

 * 2000
 * MaillotLuxemburgo.PNG Luxembourgish Time Trial, Stève Fogen

 * 2001
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Janek Tombak

 * 2003
 * MaillotAustralia.PNG Australian Road Race, Stuart O'Grady
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Janek Tombak

 * 2005
 * MaillotFra.PNG French Time Trial, Sylvain Chavanel

 * 2006
 * MaillotFra.PNG French Time Trial, Sylvain Chavanel

 * 2008
 * MaillotFra.PNG French Time Trial, Sylvain Chavanel

 * 2009
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Rein Taaramäe
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Rein Taaramäe

 * 2010
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Kalle Kriit

 * 2011
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Rein Taaramäe

 * 2012
 * MaillotLetonia.PNG Latvian Road Race, Aleksejs Saramotins
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Rein Taaramäe

 * 2013
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Rein Taaramäe

 * 2014
 * MaillotFra.PNG French U23 Cyclo-cross, Clément Venturini
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Gert Jõeäär

 * 2015
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Gert Jõeäär
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Road Race, Gert Jõeäär

 * 2016
 * MaillotEstonia.PNG Estonian Time Trial, Gert Jõeäär

 * 2017
 * MaillotFra.PNG French Cyclo-cross, Clément Venturini

 * 2018
 * MaillotEritrea2.jpg Eritrean Time Trial, Daniel Teklehaimanot

 * 2019
 * MaillotEritrea2.jpg Eritrean Road Race, Natnael Berhane

title: Cofidis (cycling team)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Burn the Children

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 21:31, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Burn the Children
Band vanity - I can't find any listings on allmusic or any major retailers offering to sell me their music. And with all due respect to beautiful Conway, New Hampshire, being that town's "premiere metalcore band" just isn't very impressive. CDC  (talk)  17:08, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete bandcruft. one EP does not rockstars make.  Friday 17:47, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. --Etacar11 23:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, fails WP:MUSIC; "premiere metalcore band" line may be a deliberate attempt to satisfy that guideline's wording, but I would expect a larger area than one small town or even one small state like New Hampshire ("New England" would be good), and no proof is given of the assertion anyway. Dcarrano 00:40, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable band vanity. JamesBurns 06:54, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Burn the article. Radiant_ >|< 13:15, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for the aforementioned reasons. IINAG 18:44, 23rd July 2005 (UTC)
 * This by 82.37.241.191 (talk • contribs). [[smoddy ]] 17:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:David Diamond (composer)

David Diamond quartets
The allegedly complete Albany Records quartet cycle covers 10 quartets and the concerto for string quartet in four volumes - has the eleventh quartet been published, anyway? Schissel : bowl listen 17:09, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Related to Stanley Diamond?
The trivia added by 74.118.206.236 that Diamond was related to "side walk soldier Stanley Diamond" seems ... dubious? In one day, the same user added 16 edits on crime. I hate to even question it, but it just seems weird and random. No refs came up in a web search.

-- Sstrader 17:58, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Personal life
Was he gay? Did he have a partner? There isn't anything, and I'd like to know, and like to think that others would too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.82.4.179 (talk) 00:41, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * He was gay. Hyacinth (talk) 08:46, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Citation please. ~SkyWulf 20:41, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Add to the list of major works
I'd recommend adding the choral piece, This Sacred Ground, to the list of major works. It is a setting of Lincoln's Gettysburg address for orchestra, mixed chorus, children's chorus and bass soloist. It's magnificent. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.46.9.191 (talk) 14:23, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

For the list of complete works: has Diavid Diamond not written a Sonata for Flute and Piano, premiered by JP Rampal and John Ritter? The premier has been discussed in Rampal's autobiography (pp 108-109). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.229.187.118 (talk) 18:55, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on David Diamond (composer). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080629001755/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/diamond_d.html to http://www.glbtq.com/arts/diamond_d.html

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“To Music” is not mentioned
Premiered Jan 31, 1970. See: https://www.msmnyc.edu/news/our-centennial-programming-a-road-map/ Encyclopedant (talk) 05:50, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Leonard Bernstein relation
In the Letters of Leonard Bernstein, edited by Nigel Simone, there are numerous letters between David Diamond and Leonard Bernstein. Their decades-long friendship ending in a furious pair of letters from LB after DD contributed to a tell-all biography of his more famous friend. 100.15.109.31 (talk) 23:48, 13 July 2024 (UTC) Marty Mangold (talk) 23:50, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Diamond (composer)


text: User talk:66.159.201.20

title: User talk:66.159.201.20


text:
2005 East Asian Football Championship

The 2005 EAFF East Asian Football Championship was a football competition between teams from East Asian countries and territories held from 31 July to 7 August 2005 in South Korea, with the qualifiers held in Taiwan in March 2005.

China PR, South Korea, and Japan were the automatic finalists. The fourth finalist spot was competed among North Korea, Guam, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei, and Mongolia. North Korea was the winner in the qualifiers.

Preliminary

 * 🇬🇺 guam
 * 🇭🇰 hong kong
 * 🇰🇵 north korea
 * 🇰🇵 north korea
 * 🇰🇵 north korea

Finals

 * 🇨🇳 china – 2003 East Asian Football Championship third place
 * 🇰🇵 north korea – Winners of the preliminary competition
 * 🇯🇵 japan – 2006 FIFA World Cup participant
 * 🇰🇷 south korea – 2006 FIFA World Cup participant

Matches
Macau was suspended by FIFA from entering the competition during the match period. Each countries played against the other 4 countries on a round robin basis.

All times are local time, National Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Matches
The final tournament started on 31 July 2005. China won their first ever international title. The next tournament was scheduled for 2008.

title: 2005 East Asian Football Championship


text:
Diethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. DEG is a widely used solvent. It can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant. DEG has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products. Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.

Preparation
DEG is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of DEG and related glycols are produced. The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond.

"Diethylene glycol is derived as a co-product with ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol. The industry generally operates to maximize MEG production. Ethylene glycol is by far the largest volume of the glycol products in a variety of applications. Availability of DEG will depend on demand for derivatives of the primary product, ethylene glycol, rather than on DEG market requirements."

Structure of DEG and related polyols
Diethylene glycol is one of several glycols derived from ethylene oxide. Glycols related to and co-produced with diethylene glycol and having the formula HOCH2CH2(OCH2CH2)nOH are: These compounds are all hydrophilic, more so than most diols, by virtue of the ether functionality.
 * n = 0 ethylene glycol ("antifreeze"); monoethylene glycol MEG
 * n = 1 DEG
 * n = 2 triethylene glycol, TEG, or triglycol
 * n = 3 tetraethylene glycol
 * n = 4 pentaethylene glycol
 * n > 4 polyethylene glycol

Uses
Diethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethanes, and plasticizers. DEG is used as a building block in organic synthesis of, for example, morpholine and 1,4-dioxane. It is a solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and other organic compounds. It is a humectant for tobacco, cork, printing ink, and glue. It is also a component of brake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fog and haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel. In personal care products (e.g. skin cream and lotions and deodorants), DEG is often replaced by selected diethylene glycol ethers. A dilute solution of diethylene glycol can also be used as a cryoprotectant; however, ethylene glycol is much more commonly used. Most types of ethylene glycol antifreeze contain a few percent of diethylene glycol, present as a by-product of ethylene glycol production.

Toxicology
Despite the discovery of DEG's toxicity in 1937 and its involvement in mass poisonings around the world, the information available regarding human toxicity is limited. Some authors suggest that the minimum toxic dose is 0.14 mg/kg body weight and the lethal dose between 1.0 and 1.63 g/kg. Some suggest that the LD50 in adults is about 1 mL/kg, while others suggest that that is the LD30. Because of its adverse effects in humans, diethylene glycol is not allowed to be used in foods and drugs (in many countries). The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations allows no more than 0.2% of diethylene glycol in polyethylene glycol when the latter is used as a food additive. The Government of Australia does not allow DEG as a food additive, because of its toxicity; it is only allowed at less than 0.25% w/w of DEG as an impurity in polyethylene glycol (PEG), even in toothpaste.

Diethylene glycol has "moderate to low" acute toxicity in animal experiments. The LD50 for small mammals is between 2 and 25 g/kg, less toxic than its relative ethylene glycol but still capable of causing toxicity in humans (in high concentrations only). It appears that diethylene glycol may be more hazardous to humans than implied by oral toxicity data in laboratory animals.

Toxicokinetics
Although there is limited information about toxicokinetics in humans, observations in mass poisonings and experimental studies suggest the following information:

Absorption and distribution
The principal method of absorption is through oral ingestion. Dermal absorption is very low, unless it is administered on broken or damaged skin. After ingestion, DEG is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract and distributed by the bloodstream throughout the body, reaching peak blood concentrations within 30 to 120 minutes. In the liver DEG is metabolized by enzymes.

Metabolism and elimination
At first, scientists thought that DEG was converted in the liver to ethylene glycol, which is poisonous because of the metabolic production of glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, and ultimately oxalic acid. The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway. Rat models suggest that DEG is metabolized in the liver by enzyme NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to a hydrogen ion, NADH, and 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3). Shortly after that, 2-hydroxyethoxyacetaldehyde (C4H8O3) is metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to the weak acid 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), chemical formula C4H8O4. Later, HEAA leaves the liver through the bloodstream, being partially filtered in the kidneys for elimination.

Mechanisms
Based on available literature, scientists suggest that unmetabolized DEG and HEAA are partially reabsorbed through glomerular filtration. As a consequence, the weak acid HEAA and its metabolites may cause renal delay, leading to metabolic acidosis and further liver and kidney damage.

Signs and symptoms
The symptoms of poisoning typically occur in three characteristic intervals:
 * First phase: Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, develop. Some patients may develop early neurological symptoms like altered mental status, central nervous system depression, and coma, as well as mild hypotension.
 * Second phase: In one to three days after ingestion (and depending on the dose ingested), patients develop a metabolic acidosis, which causes acute kidney failure, oliguria, increasing serum creatinine concentrations, and later anuria. Other symptoms reported and secondary to acidosis and/or kidney failure are: hypertension, tachycardia and other cardiac dysrhythmias, pancreatitis, and hyperkalemia or mild hyponatremia.
 * Final phase: At least five to ten days after ingestion, most of the symptoms are related to neurological complications, such as: progressive lethargy, facial paralysis, dysphonia, dilated and nonreactive pupils, quadriplegia, and coma, leading to death.

Treatment
Fomepizole or ethanol should be quickly administered to prevent diethylene glycol being metabolized to the compound or compounds that cause renal damage.

 * Fomepizole: an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor with 8000 times more affinity than ethanol. This treatment has minimal adverse effects. However, it is very expensive (about $3000 U.S. per treatment).
 * Ethanol: ethanol is a competitive ADH substrate. A constant blood concentration of 1 to 1.5 g/L (corresponding to 0.5 to 0.75 mg/L in the breath) should be maintained to acceptably saturate the enzyme. An initial dose of 0.6 to 0.7 g ethanol per kilogram body weight should be given (about 0.8 mL/kg or 0.013 fl.oz/lb). This will cause ethanol intoxication. To avoid adverse effects, frequent serum monitoring and dosage adjustments should be done.

For late diagnosis, when ethanol or fomepizole is ineffective, because DEG has already been metabolized, hemodialysis becomes the only treatment available. Hemodialysis may be administered either alone or in combination with ethanol or fomepizole.

Prognosis
The prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment, owing to the high mortality from DEG intoxication. Patients who survive but develop kidney failure remain dialysis-dependent. All patients are likely to suffer significant morbidity.

Epidemiology
The physical properties of diethylene glycol make it an excellent counterfeit for pharmaceutical-grade glycerine (also called glycerol) or propylene glycol, and has caused many deaths in different countries. Incidents include its use in China as a component of cheap toothpaste, and by winemakers in Europe as an adulterant to create a "sweet" wine.

1937 – The Massengill incident (United States)
In 1937, S. E. Massengill Co. (a Tennessee drug company), manufactured sulfanilamide dissolved with diethylene glycol, to create a liquid alternative of this drug. The company tested the new product, Elixir sulfanilamide, for viscosity, appearance and fragrance. At the time, the food and drug laws did not require toxicological analysis before releasing for sale. When 105 people died in 15 states during the months of September and October, the trail led back to the elixir, and the toxic potential of this chemical was revealed. This episode was the impetus for the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. This law, though extensively amended in subsequent years, remains the central foundation of FDA regulatory authority to the present day.

1969 – South Africa
In Cape Town, South Africa, seven children developed vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration, and died of kidney failure after administration of over-the-counter sedatives. Soon, patients started to present anuria, acidic breathing, hepatomegaly, and unresponsiveness. Patients were treated with fluid hydration and correction of acidosis, but some were not able to survive. Postmortem examination revealed damage in the kidneys and liver, and laboratory testing found DEG instead of propylene glycol in the sedatives.

1985 – Spain
Patients being treated for burns developed sudden anuric kidney failure. Further investigation revealed all patients were treated with topical silver sulfadiazine ointment that contained 7 g/kg of DEG. This event caused the death of five patients.

1985 – Wine scandal (Austria)
During the month of July 1985, Austrian wines were found to contain up to 1,000 parts per million of DEG, giving them a desirable sweetness. Austrian wine was banned in many countries and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms started to test all imported wine.

In November, The New York Times published a wine recall that the Federal Government released after the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms tested 1,000 bottles. 45 Austrian, 5 German and 12 Italian wines tested positive for DEG. Some wines contained less than 10 parts per million of DEG, a small amount that could not be detected by laboratory analysis in Europe. This triggered the installation of more sensitive laboratory equipment in Banafi laboratories, Italy, and stronger alcohol regulations in Austria.

After recalling millions of wine bottles, the Austrian Government experienced difficulty in finding a way to destroy the product. During September 1986, the Ministry of Public Works started testing a mixture of wine with salt to melt hazardous ice during winter. The primary results revealed that the mixture was more effective than using salt alone. The next year, an Austrian electric power plant (Österreichische Draukraftwerke) in Carinthia announced that technicians developed a way to produce energy through burning 30 million liters of contaminated wine.

1986 – India
At a hospital in Bombay, India, patients were admitted to be treated for diverse health problems. Doctors prescribed glycerine for its osmotic diuretic effect, but patients started to develop kidney failure. Fourteen patients received hemodialysis, but the treatment failed. The episode resulted in the deaths of 21 patients and the discovery of glycerin contaminated with 18.5% v/v of DEG.

1990 – Nigeria
During the summer months, 47 children were admitted to the Jos University teaching hospital, Nigeria, with anuria, fever and vomiting. The children later developed kidney failure and died. All the children had received paracetamol (acetaminophen) syrup to treat upper respiratory infections related with malaria. Once physicians identified a suspect paracetamol syrup, samples were shipped to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S., which identified DEG. It was assumed that DEG was used as a substitute of propylene glycol, and this incident encouraged the Nigerian government to develop pharmaceutical quality control guidelines.

1990–1992 – Bangladesh
In Bangladesh between 1990 and 1992, 339 children developed kidney failure, and most of them died, after being given paracetamol (acetaminophen) syrup contaminated with diethylene glycol. The outbreak forced the government to ban the sale of paracetamol elixirs in December 1992, causing a decline of 53% in the admission of patients with kidney failure and an 84% decline in admissions by unexplained kidney failure.

1992 – Argentina
A propolis syrup manufactured by Huilen Laboratories in Buenos Aires, Argentina, contained between 24 and 66.5% DEG, and caused the death of 29 people.

1995–1996 – Haiti
In the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, disease outbreaks are not recognized unless widespread or unusual. Between November 1995 and June 1996, almost 109 children admitted to the University Hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, presented with acute kidney failure. By June 1996, with no idea what was causing the epidemic, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Haiti representative contacted the World Health Organization (WHO, the parent agency of PAHO), and WHO requested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigate.

Lead CDC investigator Dr. Katherine O'Brien conducted a case-control investigation, looking for potential clues to the epidemic. The study revealed a strong association between ingestion of two locally produced acetaminophen liquid products (Afebril and Valodon) and illness. Laboratory testing at CDC of samples taken from parents revealed significant contamination with DEG. The factory of the medication manufacturer, Pharval, was subsequently investigated by Dr. Joel Selanikio (also of CDC, and an Epidemic Intelligence Service classmate of Katherine O'Brien). Testing of medication samples taken from the factory samples by both CDC and by an independent commercial lab located in Miami, revealed contamination by DEG of 16.4% and higher. With the available technology of the era, the CDC determined the glycerin used in the syrup preparation was contaminated with approximately 24% DEG. As a result of the case-control findings, and subsequent investigation at the factory, public warnings were issued by the Ministry of Health and bottles of the two medications were taken from pharmacy shelves and destroyed. These measures quickly ended the advance of the epidemic.

Only 88 children deaths were recalled by doctors or had medical records. Nearly half of the victims were under the age of two.

Ending June 1996, the FDA had discovered counterfeit glycerin traced back to Chemical Trading and Consulting (a German broker), which bought 72 barrels of the syrup from Vos B.V., a Dutch company. Vos records revealed the syrup had been bought from Sinochem International Chemicals Company through a German trader, Metall-Chemie. In July 1996, the American Embassy in China contacted Sinochem and requested a list of Chinese glycerin makers, but the company refused to reveal the names. It was not until September 1996 that Sinochem provided a name of the manufacturer of the tainted syrup. They identified Tianhong Fine Chemicals Factory as the manufacturer. While the FDA tried to find out Tianhong's address, Chinese officials were reluctant to become involved. One year and a half after the FDA began to trace the poisonous shipments, an inspector, Ted Sze, finally visited the Tianhong Fine Chemicals Factory in Dalian, northeastern China. Once he was inside, there was nothing to do: the plant had already been shut down. The Dutch authorities assessed a $250,000 fine against Vos B.V., for not alerting anyone when they tested the syrup and found impurities.

2006 – China
Wang Guiping discovered how easy it was to enter China's pharmaceutical supply business and earn extra money. Records also revealed that to fool buyers, Wang falsified his license and laboratory analysis reports.

Wang declared that after making the first order of counterfeit syrup, he swallowed some of it. Once verifying that he was fine, he shipped it to Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical in 2005. Some time later, Wang found a reference to diethylene glycol in a chemical book. After manufacturing a second batch of syrup containing diethylene glycol for Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical, no taste-test was performed. The counterfeit syrup ended in ampules of Amillarisin A, a medication for gall bladder problems; special pediatric enema fluid; blood vessel disease injections; intravenous pain reliever; and an arthritis medication.

In April 2006, the Guangdong Province Hospital of Guangzhou began administering Amillarisin A to their patients. Soon thereafter, patients died after receiving the medication. Wang was caught and Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical was shut down by the authorities. Besides Wang, five employees were prosecuted.

2006 – Panama
Ending September 2006, the Arnulfo Arias Madrid Hospital at Panama City was getting full with patients with contradictory symptoms. The symptoms seemed to match with Guillain–Barré syndrome, but these patients were also losing their ability to urinate, a symptom not related to Guillain–Barré. The death rate of this mysterious illness was nearly 50%, when hospital management decided to isolate all the patients with the illness in a large room and doctors could compare notes and theories. Soon, patients from other parts of the country started to arrive at hospitals. Doctors had no idea what was happening: the mysterious illness was attacking elderly citizens with hypertension and diabetes history. About half were receiving Lisinopril (a blood pressure medicine), and many did not remember clearly if they had been taking other drugs. Suspecting something wrong with Lisinopril, the medicine was removed from the pharmacies while the U.S. Food and Drug Administration conducted lab analyses, revealing the blood pressure drug was safe; CDC epidemiologists were then invited to participate.

When a patient admitted for a heart attack developed the mysterious illness at the hospital, Dr. Nestor Sosa, an infectious disease specialist, analyzed the medical record. Because patients treated with Lisinopril developed a cough (a common side effect of ACE inhibitors), they were prescribed an expectorant. Immediately, biological samples and the syrup were sent by jet to CDC for analysis. When urine analyses for a series of metals, pesticides or their metabolites resulted negative, CDC scientists recalled the Nigeria and Haiti incidents. The CDC employed modern laboratory equipment to analyze the samples and confirm the results: the samples contained approximately 8% v/v DEG. Later, raw glycerin was analyzed and results revealed 22.2% v/v DEG.

The Panamanian Government made a nationwide campaign, collecting around 6,000 bottles of cough syrup and three other products with the tainted glycerin manufactured by Social Security Laboratories. The 46 barrels of syrup were bought by Social Security Laboratories through a Panamanian middleman, Grupo Comercial Medicom, who bought the product from Rasfer Internacional, a Spanish company. In fact, Rasfer received the product from CNSC Fortune Way, which in turn bought it from the Taixing Glycerine Factory. At the request of the United States, the State Food and Drug Administration of China investigated Taixing Glycerine Factory and CNSC Fortune Way, but the agency concluded it is not under their jurisdiction because the factory is not certified to make medicine.

Taixing sold the syrup as "TD glycerin", wording that neither Chinese inspectors nor Spanish medical authorities comprehended. Unfortunately, Taixing used "TD" for the Chinese word, meaning "substitute". A New York Times reporter tried to obtain a comment from CNSC Fortune Way at the CPHI Worldwide (the world's largest annual pharmaceutical convention) held in Milan, Italy, during 2007, but their representatives refused to comment.

In August 2009, the Supreme Court decided to send the diethylene glycol file to the Public Ministry for an extension. The following month, the Toxicology Department of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science published a list of 1,155 names whose medicine bottles tested positive for DEG. Only approximately 3,000 bottles had been analyzed from the total 6,000 bottles collected. The fiscal attorney urged affected citizens to approach the Public Ministry to update the official legal file and for further medical analysis. Two months later, findings revealed that 145 were proven to die by DEG intoxication, but the DA still has to investigate 953 lawsuits.

The New York Times reported that Taixing was closed by the Chinese government and CNSC Fortune Way, which is also owned by the Chinese government, was never sanctioned. In Spain, Rasfer International declared bankruptcy after the lawyer of Medicom filed a lawsuit of $400 million in July 2008. Spanish authorities are prosecuting Asunción Criado, general manager of Rasfer Internacional, S.A., and await Panamanian citizens, René Luciani (former Social Security Director) and Jéssica Rodríguez (former Purchase National Director) for their hearings. Meanwhile, in Panama, De la Cruz, legal representative of Medicom, remains in jail pending a trial. Seventeen other persons have also been charged related to this incident. Panama awaits the extradition of Criado for her hearing.

Panama's case made CDC set standardized methodology for DEG identification, hoping to have more timely response in future events. The agency also identified urinary DEG as a biomarker for DEG exposures. The United States Food and Drug Administration also issued an Industry Guidance Document "intended to alert pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmacy compounders, repackers, and suppliers to the potential public health hazard of glycerin contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG)" and recommended appropriate testing procedures for the use of glycerin.

During June 2011, the number of confirmed deaths according to the official list rose to 219 victims.

2007 – Worldwide toothpaste incident
In May 2007, a Panamanian named Eduardo Arias discovered a 59-cent toothpaste that was labeled containing DEG. Panamanian officials traced the toothpaste to a local company in the Colón Free Trade Zone. In fact, the company bought the product in China and had already re-exported toothpaste to Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Haiti, making Panama kick off a local warning. For the end of the month, the Chinese government committed to investigate the "supposedly" tainted toothpaste that had been recalled in Panama and Dominican Republic, but stated that, as per an essay written in 2000, a toothpaste containing 15.6% was not dangerous.

On June 1, 2007, the FDA warned consumers to avoid toothpaste from China, although there was no information if these toothpastes had already entered the US, and started testing any imported Chinese toothpaste. Days later, Colgate-Palmolive found counterfeit toothpaste with its name, which was contaminated with DEG and found at dollar-type discount stores in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland. The toothpaste was labeled as "Manufactured in South Africa" and contained misspellings like "isclinically", "SOUTH AFRLCA" and "South African Dental Assoxiation". Although there were no reports of anyone harmed, several people in the eastern US reported experiencing headaches and pain after using the product. It was later discovered that a great number of tubes with poison ended up in hospitals for the mentally ill, prisons, juvenile detention centers, other hospitals and many other state institutions.

In July 2007, health authorities in the UK detected a counterfeit Sensodyne toothpaste on sale at a car boot sale in Derbyshire. Soon, other countries also recalling Chinese-made toothpaste were Belize, Canada, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, Spain, Italy, Japan, and Ireland, plus an Indianapolis, Indiana US hotel-supplier that distributed Chinese toothpaste in Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, Britain, Canada, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, Turks and Caicos, the United Arab Emirates and United States. What began as a local alert revealed a global problem in more than 30 countries and involving more than thirty brands. The world outcry made Chinese officials ban the practice of using diethylene glycol in toothpaste.

2008 – Nigeria
Ending November 2008, infants started to die after developing unexplained fevers and vomiting. Investigations revealed that all had taken the medicine My Pikin Baby, a teething mixture tainted with diethylene glycol. The poison had caused the death of at least 84 Nigerian children between ages of two months and seven years.

The Nigerian government traced the diethylene glycol to an unlicensed chemical dealer in Lagos, who sold it to a local pharmaceutical manufacturer. Barewa Pharmaceuticals was shut down and the product was pulled off the shelves. They also arrested 12 people in connection with the incident. This being the second incident involving counterfeit glycerine, it prompted the Nigerian National Agency for Food And Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to adopt zero tolerance for counterfeits.

2019/2020 – Brazil
In December 2019, some people in the city of Belo Horizonte, initially all from the same neighbourhood, started having symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acute kidney failure, facial nerve paralysis, blurred vision, temporary blindness and sensory changes. On 9 January 2020, a police report indicated quantities of diethylene glycol in one brand of beer from the small upscale brewery Backer that could have poisoned 18 people in Belo Horizonte and other cities in Minas Gerais state. On 17 January, the police confirmed the fourth death from symptoms matching DEG poisoning, and DEG contamination had been found in eight brands of beer from the same brewery. On 9 June, the police indicted 11 people, including brewery owners and employees, for manslaughter, unintentional bodily harm and food contamination. On 18 July, the 10th victim died in a Belo Horizonte hospital, a 65-year-old man who had been hospitalized since December 2019 due to the poisoning. The investigation revealed that DEG had been used as a coolant for the brewery equipment, in what should have been a closed circuit, but an undetected leak in the system contaminated some batches of beer.

2020 – India
In the first week of 2020, around 17 children from Ramnagar, in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, were hospitalised, more than half of whom died of kidney failure. The regional drug controller authorities after investigation found out that a faulty batch of the Coldbest PC cough syrup contained 34.97% of diethylene glycol, which resulted in poisoning and subsequent renal failures. The product was recalled and after an investigation, the Drug Controller General of India, VG Somani, said at India Pharma 2020, that the GMP was not followed, and negligence was found during the production process itself. The Himachal Pradesh government is filing a criminal case against the company and its executives.

2022 – India/Gambia/Indonesia/Uzbekistan
The WHO issued a medical product alert for four "contaminated" Indian pediatric medicines, manufactured by a firm in Haryana's Sonepat, saying these drugs identified in Gambia had been potentially linked with acute kidney injuries and 70 deaths among children in the west African country. The cough and cold syrups produced by Maiden Pharmaceuticals Limited, Sonepat in India. WHO said laboratory analysis of samples of each of the four products confirmed that they contain unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol as contaminants.

Subsequently, on 21 October 2022, 99 children were reported dead in Indonesia after ingesting the cough syrups. As a result authorities in Indonesia banned all syrup medicines. However, they advised that the syrups suspected of causing the deaths in Gambia, were not sold locally in Indonesia.

title: Diethylene glycol


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Michael Anthony (author)

Michael Anthony HBM (10 February 1930 – 24 August 2023) was a Trinidadian author and historian, who was named by CNC3 as one of the "50 most influential people in Trinidad and Tobago".

Early life and education
Born in the county of Mayaro, Trinidad, on 10 February 1930,   to Nathaniel Anthony and Eva Jones Lazarus, Michael Anthony was educated on the island at Mayaro Roman Catholic School and Junior Technical College in San Fernando. He subsequently took a job as a laundry worker in Pointe-à-Pierre for five years but had ambitions to become a journalist. Later on, poems of his were published by the Trinidad Guardian in 1954. Yet it was not enough for him to secure a new job locally and Anthony decided to further his career in the United Kingdom.

Career outside Trinidad
Anthony's voyage to the UK on board the Hildebrandt took place in December 1954. In England he held several jobs, including as a sub-editor at Reuters news agency (1964–1968), while developing his career as a writer, writing short stories for the BBC radio programme Caribbean Voices.

In 1958 he married Yvette Phillips and they had four children — Jennifer, Keith, Carlos and Sandra.

Four years later, Anthony published his first book, The Games Were Coming, a cycling story inspired by real events. He followed up its success with The Year in San Fernando and Green Days by the River. He eventually returned to Trinidad in 1970, after spending two years as part of the Trinidadian diplomatic corps in Brazil, where his novel King of the Masquerade is set, and he worked variously as an editor, a researcher for the Ministry of Culture, and as a radio broadcaster of historical programmes. In 1992, he spent time at the University of Richmond in the U.S. state of Virginia, teaching creative writing.

In his five-decade career, Anthony had over 30 titles published, including novels, collections of short fiction, books for younger readers, travelogues and histories. He has also been a contributor to many anthologies and journals, including Caribbean Prose, Island Voices, Stories from the Caribbean, Response, The Sun's Eyes, West Indian Narrative, The Bajan, and BIM magazine.

Death
Michael Anthony died on 24 August 2023, at the age of 93.

Awards and honours
In 1979 Michael Anthony was awarded the Hummingbird Medal (Gold) for his contributions to literature, and he received an honorary doctorate from the University of the West Indies (UWI) in 2003.

title: Michael Anthony (author)