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Metal ammine complex

In coordination chemistry, metal ammine complexes are metal complexes containing at least one ammonia (NH3) ligand. "Ammine" is spelled this way for historical reasons; in contrast, alkyl or aryl bearing ligands are spelt with a single "m". Almost all metal ions bind ammonia as a ligand, but the most prevalent examples of ammine complexes are for Cr(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) as well as several platinum group metals.

History
Ammine complexes played a major role in the development of coordination chemistry, specifically determination of the stereochemistry and structure. They are easily prepared, and the metal-nitrogen ratio can be determined by elemental analysis. Through studies mainly on the ammine complexes, Alfred Werner developed his Nobel Prize-winning concept of the structure of coordination compounds (see Figure).

Originally salts of [Co(NH3)6]3+ were described as the luteo (Latin: yellow) complex of cobalt. This name has been discarded as modern chemistry considers color less important than molecular structure. Other metal ammine complexes also were labeled according to their color, such as purpureo (Latin: purple) for a cobalt pentammine complex, and praseo (Greek: green) and violeo (Latin: violet) for two isomeric tetrammine complexes.

One of the first ammine complexes to be described was Magnus' green salt, which consists of the platinum tetrammine complex [Pt(NH3)4](2+).

Structure and bonding
Ammonia is a pure σ-donor, in the middle of the spectrochemical series, and shows intermediate hard–soft behaviour (see also ECW model). Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots.

An ammine ligand bound to a metal ion is markedly more acidic than a free ammonia molecule, although deprotonation in aqueous solution is still rare. One example is the reaction of mercury(II) chloride with ammonia (Calomel reaction) where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble.
 * HgCl2 + 2 NH3 → HgCl(NH2) + [NH4]Cl

Ammonia is a Lewis base and a "pure" sigma donor. It is also compact such that steric effects are negligible. These factors simplify interpretation of structural and spectroscopic results.The Co–N distances in complexes [M(NH3)6]^{n+} have been examined closely by X-ray crystallography.

Examples
Homoleptic poly(ammine) complexes are known for many of the transition metals. Most often, they have the formula [M(NH3)6]^{n+} where n = 2, 3, and even 4 (M = Pt).

Platinum group metals
Platinum group metals form diverse ammine complexes. Pentaamine(dinitrogen)ruthenium(II) and the Creutz–Taube complex are well-studied examples of historic significance. The complex cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], under the name Cisplatin, is an important anticancer drug. Pentamminerhodium chloride ([RhCl(NH3)5](2+)) is an intermediate in the purification of rhodium from its ores.

Cobalt(III) and chromium(III)
The ammines of chromium(III) and cobalt(III) are of historic significance. Both families of ammines are relatively inert kinetically, which allows the separation of isomers. For example, tetraamminedichlorochromium(III) chloride, [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl, has two forms - the cis isomer is violet, while the trans isomer is green. The trichloride of the hexaammine (hexamminecobalt(III) chloride, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3) exists as only a single isomer. "Reinecke's salt" with the formula [NH4]+[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]−*H2O was first reported in 1863.

Nickel(II), zinc(II), copper(II)
Zinc(II) forms a colorless tetraammine with the formula [Zn(NH3)4](2+). Like most zinc complexes, it has a tetrahedral structure. Hexaamminenickel is violet, and the copper(II) complex is deep blue. The latter is characteristic of the presence of copper(II) in qualitative inorganic analysis.

Copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I)
Copper(I) forms only labile complexes with ammonia, including the trigonal planar [Cu(NH3)3]+. Silver gives the diammine complex [Ag(NH3)2]+ with linear coordination geometry. It is this complex that forms when otherwise rather insoluble silver chloride dissolves in aqueous ammonia. The same complex is the active ingredient in Tollens' reagent. Gold(I) chloride reacts with ammonia to form [Au(NH3)2]+.

Ligand exchange and redox reactions
Since ammonia is a stronger ligand in the spectrochemical series than water, metal ammine complexes are stabilized relative to the corresponding aquo complexes. For similar reasons, metal ammine complexes are less strongly oxidizing than are the corresponding aquo complexes. The latter property is illustrated by the stability of [Co(NH3)6](3+) in aqueous solution and the nonexistence of [Co(H2O)6](3+) (which would oxidize water).

Acid-base reactions
Once complexed to a metal ion, ammonia is no longer basic. This property is illustrated by the stability of some metal ammine complexes in strong acid solutions. When the M–NH3 bond is weak, the ammine ligand dissociates and protonation ensues. The behavior is illustrated by the respective non-reaction and reaction with [Co(NH3)6](3+) and [Ni(NH3)6](2+) toward aqueous acids.

The ammine ligands are more acidic than is ammonia (pKa ~ 33). For highly cationic complexes such as [Pt(NH3)6](4+), the conjugate base can be obtained. The deprotonation of cobalt(III) ammine-halide complexes, e.g. [CoCl(NH3)5](2+) labilises the Co–Cl bond, according to the Sn1CB mechanism.

Oxidation of ammonia
Deprotonation can be combined with oxidation, allowing the conversion of ammine complexes into nitrosyl complexes:
 * H2O + [Ru(terpy)(bipy)(NH3)]+ → [Ru(terpy)(bipy)(NO)](2+) + 5 H+ + 6 e−

H-atom transfer
In some ammine complexes, the N–H bond is weak. Thus one tungsten ammine complex evolve hydrogen:
 * 2 W(terpy)(PMe2Ph)2(NH3)]+ → 2 [W(terpy)(PMe2Ph)2(NH2)]+ + H2

This behavior is relevant to the use of metal-ammine complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of ammonia.

Applications
Metal ammine complexes find many uses. Cisplatin (cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2]) is a drug used in treating cancer. Many other amine complexes of the platinum group metals have been evaluated for this application.

In the separation of the individual platinum metals from their ore, several schemes rely on the precipitation of [RhCl(NH3)5]Cl2. In some separation schemes, palladium is purified by manipulating equilibria involving [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2, [PdCl2(NH3)2], and [Pt(NH3)4][PtCl4] (Magnus's green salt).

In the processing of cellulose, the copper ammine complex known as Schweizer's reagent ([Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](OH)2) is sometimes used to solubilise the polymer. Schweizer's reagent is prepared by treating an aqueous solutions of copper(II) ions with ammonia. Initially, the light blue hydroxide precipitates only to redissolve upon addition of more ammonia:
 * [Cu(H2O)6](2+) + 2 OH− → Cu(OH)2 + 6 H2O
 * Cu(OH)2 + 4 NH3 + 2 H2O → [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+) + 2 OH−

Silver diammine fluoride ([Ag(NH3)2]F) is a topical medicament (drug) used to treat and prevent dental caries (cavities) and relieve dentinal hypersensitivity.

title: Metal ammine complex


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User talk:EnviroFuck

I note that you have ignored the "no offensive usernames" rule. Please request a username change: see Username. -- The Anome 17:04, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:EnviroFuck


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Talk:The Bravery (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:19, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bravery.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 18:18, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Bravery (album)


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Job security

Job security is the probability that an individual will keep their job; a job with a high level of security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of losing it. Many factors threaten job security: globalization, outsourcing, downsizing, recession, and new technology, to name a few.

Basic economic theory holds that during periods of economic expansion businesses experience increased demand, which in turn necessitates investment in more capital or labor. When businesses are experiencing growth, job confidence and security typically increase. The opposite often holds true during a recession: businesses experience reduced demand and look to downsize their workforces in the short term.

Governments and individuals are both motivated to achieve higher levels of job security. Governments attempt to do this by passing laws (such as the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964) which make it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Individuals can influence their degree of job security by increasing their skills through education and experience, or by moving to a more favorable location. The official unemployment rate and employee confidence indexes are good indicators of job security in particular fields. These statistics are closely watched by economists, government officials, and banks.

Unions also strongly influence job security. Jobs that traditionally have a strong union presence such as many government jobs and jobs in education, healthcare and law enforcement are considered very secure while many non-unionized private sector jobs are generally believed to offer lower job security, although this varies by industry and country.

In the United States
While all economies are impacted by market forces (which change the supply and demand of labor) the United States is particularly susceptible to these forces due to a long history of fiscal conservatism and minimal government intervention.

Minimal government intervention has helped the United States create an at-will employment system that applies across many industries. Consequently, with limited exceptions, an employee's job security closely follows an employer's demand for their skills. For example, in the aftermath of the dot com boom of 1997–2000, employees in the technology industry experienced a massive drop in job security and confidence. More recently, in 2009 many manufacturing workers experienced a similar drop in job security and confidence. Closely following market forces also means that employment in the United States rebounds when industries adjust to new economic realities. For example, employee confidence and job security in both manufacturing and technology have rebounded substantially.

In the United States job insecurity is higher for men than women, with workers aged 30–64 experiencing more insecurity when compared with other age groups. Divorced or separated workers, and workers with less than a high school diploma also report higher job insecurity. Overall, workers in the construction industry have the highest rate of job insecurity at 55%.

The impact of unemployment and job insecurity on both mental and physical health is now the subject of a growing body of research. This will offer insights into why, for example, an increasing number of men in the United States are not returning to work. In 1960, only 5% of men ages 30–35 were unemployed whereas roughly 13% were unemployed in 2006. The New York Times attributes a large portion of this to blue collar and professional men refusing to work in jobs that they are overqualified for or do not provide adequate benefits in contrast to their previous jobs. It could also be attributed to a mismatch between the skills employees currently have, and the skills employers in traditionally male dominated industries (such as manufacturing) are looking for.

According to data from 2014 employee confidence reports, 50% of all current workers 18 and over feel confident in their ability to find a new job if necessary, and 60% are confident in the future of their employer. Job insecurity, defined as being worried about becoming unemployed, is a concern to 25% of U.S. workers.

Due to lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, workplaces moved from office to home. Employees worried about the potential career consequences of losing productivity and effectiveness while working from home owing to a lack of work-life balance. According to studies, workers worried that their jobs might be at risk if they performed poorly while working from home during the epidemic.

Outsourcing
Overseas outsourcing (sometimes called offshoring) may decrease job security for people in certain occupations such as telemarketers, computer programmers, medical transcriptionists, and bookkeeping clerks. Generally, to outsource work to a different country the job must be quick to learn and the completed work must be transferable with minimal loss of quality.

In India
In India job security is high as Indian labour law make firing difficult for permanent employees. Most Indians work till retirement in the same company apart from workers in some sectors such as technology. Due to large population, competition is high but so is the size of the job market.

title: Job security


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User talk:TuX~enwiki

Welcome!
Hello, TuX, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
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 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:08, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Image:KTorrent-icon.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:KTorrent-icon.png, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. SirNuke 17:58, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Gwenview-icon.png)
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called TuX. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name TuX~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:26, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:00, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TuX~enwiki


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Banjari (deity)

Banjari is one of the popular Hindu deity in Odisha, India. There are many Banjari temples present in the western and southern parts of Odisha. The Banjari temple in Majursahi is well-recognized in Odisha. Banjari is also the primary deity associated with the Nial family of Majursahi in Majursahi. Magha Puja is one of the most popular festivals of Banjari at Majursahi. Chaitra is a festival associated with Banjari in Majursahi.

Banjari temples

 * Majursahi
 * Junagarh
 * Raipur

title: Banjari (deity)


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Talk:Plame affair

Rewrite
I think now that this event has run its course, and the emotions involved with this affair have died down, it's time to reorganize and rewrite the article. some of the main figures in this affair may write books later offering new details to be included, but for now this event is for the history books. i'm going to be making some edits in the near future, and i would hope others would contribute as well. i'm not an active wikipedia user anymore, but i do want to improve this article. the main goal, i think, is to cut down the size and make it more readable. Anthonymendoza (talk) 18:09, 24 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and reorganized the article. I'll check back later to see if there are any disputes with my edits.Anthonymendoza (talk) 03:28, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

This topic is indeed arguable, and for that reason, sweeping changes should not be attempted. Users should instead make individual changes and provide edit summaries for each. Explain exactly what was wrong with the old version, for example. Dynablaster (talk) 03:41, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback. my edits were purely cosmetic.  i simply rearranged the article without adding or deleting material in an attempt to make the article more readable.  i am going to revert my edits, this time piece by piece with edit summaries.  rearranging the article is a good place to start in terms of editing the content.  since you are the only user who has replied, i hope you will participate and not simply revert changes i make.Anthonymendoza (talk) 16:33, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi. You say no material has been added or deleted, but this article was 177,385 bytes in length, yet it's now 147,470 bytes in length. Dynablaster (talk) 20:25, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I will go back and double check my edits. i did remove duplicate information.  for example, i found three paragraphs in the article detailing that libby was convicted of perjury and obstruction, and two paragraphs detailing how rove was revealed to be novak's second source.  i condensed this information, thus making the article shorter.  Anthonymendoza (talk) 01:53, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

Some of it is badly in need of a rewrite, for instance section Valerie Wilson's role in Joe Wilson's selection is truly a mess, it is plain to see that both sides, in promoting their own politically motivated POV, have injected passages in complete contradiction, leaving an objective reader with no factual conclusion to be made within. One passage is bizarre to say the least, After being consulted by her superiors at the CIA about whom to send on the mission, Valerie E. Wilson, according to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, suggested that she ask Ambassador Wilson, her husband, Which would appear to make no sense at all except to Valerie Plame, who has argued someone she can't recall the identity of suggested in passing that she pursue the nepotism of suggesting to her superiors Wilson should go on the trip. Those on her side of the polical fence have done everything possible to obscure the matter, it's quite simple: The Senate report concluded via written evidence and sworn testimony, that Ms. Plame, and I quote directly, offered his (ambassador Wilson's) name up to her superiors for the trip. While she was not responsible for the final decision it was a trip to the armpit of the earth nobody wanted. Wilson may have known people in Niger and spoke the language but as the Senate report also mentions, he was not an employee with a reporting record which means CIA agents are trained to go someplace with a question, bring back an answer, and file a written report with that answer conclusively expressed. Wilson by his own admission drinks tea for 4 days and verbally debriefs with the CIA. Cheney didn't get his answer because of Ms. Plame's influence in sending a man from an entirely different agency not specifically trained to do the job requested. So of course she seeks to downplay her involvement but the level of denial is stellar if one believes had Joe Wilson, employee of the State Dept, not had a wife in a key position in the CIA, that Joe Wilson would have even been in the realm of discussion within the CIA when Cheney sends a request for them to get to the bottom of the Niger matter. IMO which of course is irrelevant, this page shouldn't even exist as the testimony by Judith Miller that Libby told her on June 23- a full 2 weeks before Wilson's op-ed- puts the whole "they leaked her name in retribution for his op-ed!" claim in the toilet. Her name came up because Wilson was making claims to 29 media outlets he shouldn't have rationally been a person to be making- and had he, he couldn't have- CIA personnel cannot "kiss and tell" about missions like that. (the Amicus Curiae filed by 34 media companies on behalf of Miller makes it quite clear what this matter was about- the CIA, not just Ms Plame but her superiors, botched the job in sending an unqualified man, then worse not having him sign a non disclosure statement. They played victim over her to obscure their incompetance- and what of the precedent of the executive office asking the CIA to answer a question and the man they send attempts a political attack on them later? Think the next President will trust the CIA he commands? This is a very bad precedent re: national security)I will conclude by adding that amicus curiae by the media, which was rejected by the supreme court, but nevertheless revealed the preposterous nature of the whole case, was widely available at the time but quickly buried by the media- their own motion! so they could continue to sell this story as a scandal.Batvette (talk) 06:12, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for offering your POV (or Judith Miller's POV, as it were), but I don't see how this is helpful other than a pile-on of the very partisan bickering you claim has harmed this page. csloat (talk) 19:02, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

 * LOL, I had a longer comment but it's unnecessary after seeing your user/discussion page. Sorry if you didn't like the facts I exposed you to. Looks like others have had the same problem. LOL! Batvette (talk) 16:18, 17 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Please refrain from personal attacks when you find yourself incapable of discussing the material at hand. Thanks. csloat (talk) 08:17, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I simply referred to your user discussion page, yet you consider this a personal attack? Why? Does the truth of self reflection hurt? As for "incapable of discussing the material at hand", are you serious? I doubt Tolstoy would have left a longer commentary than I did above, and not a single point raised have you addressed. You are welcome to do so now or continue your irrelevance, whatever the case the forecast calls for embarrassment, so bring an umbrella.Batvette (talk) 14:49, 22 May 2009 (UTC)
 * It's not the reference, it's the LOLing and the statement that I "don't like facts" or that "others have had the same problem." You continue these personal attacks when you tell me you're going to embarrass me and to bring an umbrella.  But of course you already know this.  As for your capacity for discussion, my problem is not the number of words you are capable of producing but rather the extent to which they ooze political diatribe.  It's fine for a blog but not necessary here.  Have a good day. csloat (talk) 17:05, 22 May 2009 (UTC)
 * That makes 3 replies now on the topic "batvette" (and/or you) and nothing relevant to the many points raised on Plame/Wilson. Hopefully I haven't offended you in any way in pointing this out. If so, here's a tissue. Seriously, why are you still here? I raised MANY topically relevant points, talk about them! Try this- Joe Wilson, and not a CIA employee, got the Niger Mission because of his wife's involvement! That's as simple as it gets, arguing against it will require a bizarrely obfuscated jumble of points and conflicting comments that make no sense at all. Just as I pointed out. We can downplay or maximize that involvement till the cows come home but at the end of the day he'd never be in the picture if she wasn't. Conceding this is key to finally realizing why "leaked for vengeance for his criticism" is nonsense and her identity was relevant to any discussion by or about Wilson. That's why you want to talk about ME and not the Plame affair. If you have something to say about me, keep it to yourself. This whole issue is so insane it's gone this far. Batvette (talk) 05:32, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * If you want to pick a fight over politics there are plenty of forums to do that in. If you think linguistic expertise, experience as an ambassador, and direct connections with key players is a "bizarrely obfuscated jumble of points," I'm not sure what value there is in a discussion with you.  As long as you keep your speculation and bias out of the article, I don't have any need to disabuse you of your basic misapprehension of the facts -- please, go on thinking whatever you like about Plame, Wilson, Cheney, or anyone else you like; this is merely an encyclopedia.  Cheers, csloat (talk) 00:22, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Don't dodge the point. In that list you forgot security clearance and "verifiable reporting record". Why would the CIA send ANYONE BUT A CIA EMPLOYEE when the Vice President asks them to send a man to Niger, except for his wife's influence?
 * The FACT is, no misapprehension possible, that the Senate Intelligence report clearly stated that Valerie Plame OFFERED HIS NAME UP to her superiors, and subsequently gave a list of glowing recommendations why he was qualified. Thus when the press is wondering "why is a state dept. employee being sent on CIA missions?" you'd be in extreme denial to think her role is not going to come into question. That's not politics, it's common sense.Batvette (talk) 02:42, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not dodging the point. Security clearance has nothing to do with the mission, as far as I can tell, and I'm not sure what you mean by "verifiable reporting record" -- are you suggesting there was evidence that Wilson had lied in previous reports?  Either way I'm not sure what benefit is gained by second guessing the CIA's decision to send an expert to do a particular job, no matter who "offered his name."  For heaven's sake, what are you implying with all this anyway?  This is an article about the scandal surrounding the revealing of a covert operative's identity, not about whether the CIA should have picked a different expert to talk to officials in Niger.  If you want to start the article Questions on the CIA's judgment concerning sending an ambassador to answer a question be my guest. csloat (talk) 23:15, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Security clearances have nothing to do with the mission- are you joking? Do CIA employees go on missions and return and write op-eds and books on them? No, they do not. They can not. That's why when he did people wondered why an ambassador was sent on a mission a CIA employee should have been sent on. This you choose to feign ignorance about: When the White House asked the CIA to send a man to Niger, the CIA would have, and should have, sent one of their men- a CIA employee, with a security clearance which bound him to non-disclosure of the mission. Instead, they sent a man who was employed by a different government agency. That would never have happened without the actions of Valerie Plame. Batvette (talk) 04:40, 1 June 2009 (UTC)
 * This was a diplomatic mission, so they sent a diplomat. This appears to be what you "choose to feign ignorance about."  You seem to be implying some sort of malfeasance on the part of Plame and the CIA, perhaps in order to justify the outing of Plame's covert status as some sort of punishment?  I don't really know what it is you're trying to say but it's clearly not geared toward improving the article, so you'll forgive me if I don't engage you much further on this.  Cheers, csloat (talk) 21:19, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I hope you haven't done much editing to this article because your grasp of the facts is lacking. Diplomatic mission? Ms. Plame worked in the CIA's counterproliferation (WMD) division and that's where Cheney sent his request. Fitzgerald's own court filings are specific-
 * The purported Wilson cable refers to the classified CIA debriefing of Wilson, according to sources who have read the document. Wilson never himself authored a cable on his Niger mission. Rather, the CIA Directorate of Operations, which sent Wilson to Niger in February 2002, produced a March 8, 2002 report based on Wilson's debriefing by intelligence officers. The report did not name Wilson, or even describe him as a former ambassador, but rather as a "contact with excellent access who does not have an established reporting record" to protect the-then covert nature of the trip.
 * This echoes almost verbatim the findings of the Senate report. Joe Wilson KNEW people. Joe Wilson was not trained and had no track record of going someplace with a question and filing a written report with a concise answer. A CIA agent is trained to do that, it's his job- an ambassador's job is to wine, dine, and help grease the palms of local politicos. Where it all got fouled up was Wilson was not an agency employee and Plame's superiors totally neglected to get a signed non disclosure form from him- as you both imply, ambassadors could be asked to furnish info on such a sensitive matter BUT would always be required to sign a non disclosure form if no security clearance is held. (I held a secret clearance in the Navy) This would have prevented by penalty of prison term, Wilson from ever discussing this trip with anyone- thus protecting Plame's identity.

Why are you people so willing to sacrifice your personal integrity in ignoring these obvious facts just to smear a mediocre ex-president? He's a dope, it's not worth it. Batvette (talk) 01:05, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Batvette wrote: "When the White House asked the CIA to send a man to Niger, the CIA would have, and should have, sent one of their men"

 * The CIA often tapped diplomats (and scientists) to obtain specific information from behind the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. Purchase a copy of Allen Dulles' The Craft of Intelligence: America's Legendary Spy Master on the Fundamentals of Intelligence Gathering in the Free World. Superb book. Dynablaster (talk) 22:35, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, since you've obviously read it, you'll save me some hard earned dollars and cite the page numbers and passages in which Dulles explains why Cheney and the Press Wilson is leaking information about his trip to, are supposed to expect his direct request to the CIA to send an agency employee to Niger is instead performed by a State dept employee who is not automatically bound to non disclosure via his security clearance? Does the Spy Master also claim to not understand why security clearances are relevant here? I'm tryingn not to be a deek here but go buy this book and find the part which forms my argument for me doesn't fly anywhere. ever.  Batvette (talk) 00:40, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Here, I will be far more charitable and make you form my argument for me, for free! Is the Post a reputable source? Batvette (talk) 01:21, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Let's see, your point is that CIA people with security clearance write better memos than diplomats? You're making no sense, sorry.  Cheney didn't ask the CIA to send an intelligence agent, and even if he did, what does it all matter?  The press is not talking about that; that will not form a part of the lasting history of the scandal; in fact, you seem to be the only person who thinks it is important.  If you want to start an article explaining why this is important, be my guest, but I don't see how it is relevant to this particular article, which is not about whether the CIA had poor judgment in sending Wilson on a diplomatic mission.  What is really bizarre is your implication that Valerie Wilson deserved to be outed because in your estimation the CIA had poor judgment about sending Joe Wilson -- even if you were right about that, why would it have any impact on any of this?  Are you simply suggesting Valerie Wilson was "punished" by her outing?  The problem is really not the effect of the outing on her personally at all -- much more important is the impact on national security and on the practice of intelligence itself.  Cheers, csloat (talk) 23:32, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

My arguments have been quite clear, there is no use to continue them if they are merely to address somneone who thinks continued feigned ignorance is a viable position. You yourself point out the absurdity of the issue: What was this big retribution the White House was seeking in "outing" Plame? She'd simply have changed jobs to another department. There was nothing to gain as revenge at all. There was however, one reason why her name was relevant to discussion in the media: Why a diplomat ended up going on a mission a CIA agent was expected to have gone on. Batvette (talk) 19:57, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * (1) Please stop personally attacking me. Read WP:NPA and WP:AGF for details.  (2) Your speculation sounds great for a newsletter or screenplay, and I wish you luck with that project.  But it really doesn't have any place here.  (3) I'm not going to continue to argue details beyond that with you.  Cheers, csloat (talk) 23:21, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Please stop personally attacking me. Yes, Ma'am!
 * Personal Attack? These are clearly statements expressing a position of feigned ignorance-
 * what does it all matter?
 * but I don't see how it is relevant to this particular article,
 * why would it have any impact on any of this?
 * Are you simply suggesting Valerie Wilson was "punished" by her outing?
 * Calling someone out for playing stupid is hardly the same as calling them stupid, you DO understand the difference, do you not? Batvette (talk) 02:38, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

i guess i was wrong. emotions are still strong on this topic. perhaps the article is fine as it is, for now.Anthonymendoza (talk) 17:15, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it needs a more factual slant by someone who is aware that the Central Intelligence Agency has people they send with questions asked by lawmakers and return to file written reports with the answers, and the State Dept, an entirely different agency altogether, has diplomats they send to drink sweet mint tea with foreign officials- and thus does not feign ignorance that a Vice President accused of a heinous action should wonder why the latter occurred when he requested the former. (Or prior. you get it.)Of course I'll be labelled partisan for pointing that out...My apologies as the ranting is decidedly unencyclopedic but so is much of the partisan intentional ignorance displayed in the main article.  Batvette (talk) 14:49, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

 * but the article quotes George Tenet as saying:
 * With regard to Wilson's findings, Tenet stated: "Because this report, in our view, did not resolve whether Iraq was or was not seeking uranium from abroad, it was given a normal and wide distribution, but we did not brief it to the President, Vice-President or other senior Administration officials."
 * I think your concerns are adequately addressed. Nowhere in the article does it say that Cheney was briefed on Wilson's findings.Anthonymendoza (talk) 02:01, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

If this was known from the beginning, why would anyone give Wilson the time of day when he said the administration knew the Niger Yellowcake claims were false? Would this article even exist today? Because Wilson said otherwise: He said, "The office of the vice president, I am absolutely convinced, received a very specific response to the question it asked and that response was based upon my trip out there." To many people. You claim the article doesn't state this, well it doesn't have to. Everyone who thinks this is a scandal on the part of the administration believes Joe Wilson is an "honest critic of Bush policy", why would they want his lies included to taint this article with the actual truth of the matter?Batvette (talk) 02:42, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

So Anthony, assuming you are the primary editor of this page as it appears now, don't you think it is irresponsibly devoid of facts to state that Joe Wilson's public disclosures of his role in the Niger matter began in July with his Op-Ed? See the above link to Matt Continetti's story, which is well sourced with material from the Senate Inquiry report. Batvette (talk) 03:01, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree that Joe Wilson overhyped his role in the intelligence communities assessments on Niger and told anyone who would listen that he single handedly disproved Bush's assertion made in the state of the union. i'm not sure our opinions of this story are far apart.  i've tried to make this article balanced.  if you feel this article is missing something, add it.  i am by no means the "primary editor" of this page and i don't want to be.  i'm just trying to improve it and i agree it needs alot of work.  i've asked others to help in the process and so far you are the only one who has seriously responded.  please edit as you see fit.Anthonymendoza (talk) 23:23, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry if it seemed like an attack on you, it wasn't meant as such and from the looks of it you are one of the more objective editors on the project.Batvette (talk) 19:57, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
 * If you have specific edits to suggest, go for it! It's just not all that helpful to come here attacking other editors and adding rank speculation to the mix.  Follow our editing guidelines, make sure your edits are verifiable, and then go for it.  Cheers, csloat (talk) 23:21, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Please refer to my FIRST POST in this discussion which SUGGESTED THIS SPECIFIC EDIT- Some of it is badly in need of a rewrite, for instance section Valerie Wilson's role in Joe Wilson's selection is truly a mess, and I went on to clarify factual details which needed to be addressed and in no way shape or form did that post attack ANY editors. It's gone downhill from there, if anyone wants to see who was here to discuss the issues VS editors it's all there in plain English. If you are feeling dejected and lonesome because I gave him a compliment, sorry, can't help ya, fella.Batvette (talk) 02:52, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I might add that any objective editors might confirm what he calls "rank speculation" as indeed factual in the amici curaie filed for Judith Miller by 36 media agencies: who promptly buried the document once it served their purpose of getting her sprung, then commenced to call this nothing a "scandal" to increase circulation. Batvette (talk) 03:18, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Wilson's "report"
The section titled "background" and state of the union address" contains a report which ends with the passage "wilson presented his report" which was obviously added by someone with no grasp of the underlying facts here. Joe Wilson never filed any "report" concerning his trip to Niger, he gave a verbal debriefing in his home with CIA personnel, a portion of this information was used in a larger CIA report some months later which never reached the white house. there is no "Wilson" report and in fact his trip was not conclusive in any way on the yellowcake matter. Batvette (talk) 09:56, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

new revelations
Not sure yet where to put this yet; at first glance we really don't have anything on the (lack of) pardon, which is the context in which the following is written:
 * And there was a darker possibility. As a former Bush senior aide explains, "I'm sure the President and [chief of staff] Josh [Bolten] and Fred had a concern that somewhere, deep in there, there was a cover-up." It had been an article of faith among Cheney's critics that the Vice President wanted a pardon for Libby because Libby had taken the fall for him in the Fitzgerald probe. In his grand-jury testimony reviewed by TIME, Libby denied three times that Cheney had directed him to leak Plame's CIA identity in mid-2003. Though his recollection of other events in the same time frame was lucid and detailed, on at least 20 occasions, Libby could not recall details of his talks with Cheney about Plame's place of employment or questions the Vice President raised privately about Wilson's credibility. Some Bush officials wondered whether Libby was covering up for Cheney's involvement in the leak of Plame's identity.

also, just for fun:. Cheers csloat (talk) 16:45, 24 July 2009 (UTC)
 * interesting read. i've always personally believed that Bush was pissed off at Libby for his foolish testimony and that if the judge hadn't sentenced Libby to an excessive prison term Libby might have actually done jail time.  but as far as this wikipedia article, i still think we need to wait until Bush and Cheney release their books before we add anything having to do with their personal opinions of the whole ordeal.  As far as a Cheney cover-up, "some Bush officials" wondering isn't enough to include it in the article in my opinion.Anthonymendoza (talk) 01:47, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I would offer that when the focus turns to almost exclusively trying to catch people's stories not matching in the he said, she said forums of the media, and not the alleged crime itself, there probably wasn't a crime in the first place. Therein lies much of the problem with critics of this administration, but it's not a unique problem. Under Bush our country saw the most blatant loss of civil rights, freedoms, privacy, and the two principals residing at 1600 Penn enriched their personal portfolios immensely. Yes, they are criminals. However critics with little ability to research details latched onto the stories that sounded juicy and let the rest slip through the cracks, and instead of seeing this they just grabbed tighter with their nothing charges. The Iraq war was one of them, they weren't stupid and dotted their i's and crossed their t's on it. Iraq, to Wilson, to his wife, now to a Libby Cheney coverup. There's nothing because they didn't need to get revenge on Wilson or his wife because he never had any dirt on them lying to go to war in the first place. Everyone got that?
 * Meanwhile the NSA is datamining all our phone calls and emails, we have hundreds of thousands of Stasi snitches reporting our activities to Gov't Fusion Centers, and several DOJ agencies have through the wall surveillance equipment deployed that can count the change in your pocket. In 2-3 years that capability will be aloft with SAR imaging. See the ACLU's report on surveillance today. That affects YOUR life, Joe Wilson and Velerie Plame do not. Sorry for the irrelevance.Batvette (talk) 13:03, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Article length
I realise this is a very complex topic that needs to be covered in detail, but this article is also very long - 178KB, last time I checked. That makes it quite awkward to read and edit. Could any of these sections be split out into separate articles, per WP:Summary style, to bring it more in line with our style guidelines? Robofish (talk) 00:21, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Yellowcake or Yellow Elephants?
Strategies doesn't exit, acting on overflowing not content media informations. "Joe" Wilson asking, where he had been, who has sent him, means the democratic section of america needs a pschychiatrist.Family and professional borders are vice versa changed! [ best wishes from Don Carlos] Penn doesn't plays a figure, he is subversive on a big five.So plot the film! : Miss Pam has problems with her Aunt!-- (Folio>>> Elenor Roosevelt)Raskollnika (talk) 09:41, 26 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I saw the film yesterday originally in Germany. The page is informativ, but not telling what is happening in the film. Where is the Plot? I saw a mission to political corectness and a real bad story-lining, the script may be either. So the message should be democratic and the build up scences are just telling how dull or stupid are decisive politicals. Talking about tubes, dealing with plates and not even able to lead the possible construction of a bomb from unranic material.

The Nation break
Regarding the following:
 * The suggestion that naming Plame as an agent is a serious crime first appeared in an article by David Corn published by The Nation on July 16, 2003, two days after Novak's column.

The citation for this links to David Corn at The Nation. Now, it's ok to use the The Nation as a citation for facts contained in it, about the Plame affair, except that they can't be considered independent with regard to whether they were the first to make the suggestion. Without such a source, we can only say they did make the suggestion when they did. --Rob (talk) 06:56, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

Bad Links and a Suggestion: This page needs a Timeline
Someone should do a check of the links on this page. The link in footnote 57 ("Isikoff, Michael (August 28, 2006). "The Man Who Said Too Much". Newsweek.") points to:

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14533384/site/newsweek/

which is a non-existent page. The correct link would appear to be:

http://www.newsweek.com/2006/09/03/the-man-who-said-too-much.html

That footnote is not the only one with Newsweek articles pointing to "msnbc.msn.com" rather than "newsweek.com" so there are probably other bad links around. I suggest a check of every link.

 * I agree! I've been trying to use the links, and a great many of them are broken, especially those to newspaper and magazine articles, as older articles and editorials have been moved into archives. How does one go about initiating a Wiki project to find new urls for material that is probably still online? Teri Pettit (talk) 23:26, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

Finally, a suggestion. With all due respect, this page is burying the reader in a mountain of complex detail. Way too much of it! While that detail is definitely useful to have, clarity is even more important, especially for those readers with less familiarity or knowledge of the affair who are coming to this page to find out more about it.

In particular it is pretty much impossible from this page to work out the sequence of events. Or alleged events.

For example, Doug Liman, the director the "Fair Game" movie, made the claim on this page:

http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/fair_game_director_doug_liman.php?page=1

that "we should never forget that Scooter Libby outed Valerie Plame to Miller in June 2003—more than two weeks before Richard Armitage outed Plame to Novak". Whether that is true or not I do not know, but given that much of the controversy, including Libby's trial, deals with who said what to whom and when, readers need to be provided with some way to more easily grasp what these sequences (or claimed sequences) are so they can work out for themselves whether such claims are true or not.

My suggestion is that this be done via timelines.

This NY Times page:

http://www.nytimes.com/ref/washington/LIBBYDIARY.html

(which is already among the links on this page) offers a couple of useful ones to model them on. The ones there are for June/July 2003, one derived from the prosecution evidence at Libby's trial and one from the defence evidence.

I suggest this page put in a similar pair of competing timelines for that same period, plus any other timelines which will help clarify the sequence of events for this affair for readers. 114.73.120.206 (talk) 09:39, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

 * ''that "we should never forget that Scooter Libby outed Valerie Plame to Miller in June 2003—more than two weeks before Richard Armitage outed Plame to Novak".

 * except, of course, that Armitage told Woodward of Plame's CIA affiliation prior to Libby telling Miller. but i see your point.  perhaps a timeline style article would make all this information easier to comprehend.74.131.137.48 (talk) 02:47, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

 * the director of the film "Fair Game" did cause a stir on the blogs and amongst liberal commentators when he made the statement "we should never forget that Scooter Libby outed Valerie Plame to Miller in June 2003—more than two weeks before Richard Armitage outed Plame to Novak." for some reason this was seen as a brilliant statement.  However, according to the washington post and court testimony, Armitage told Bob Woodward of Plame prior to libby's meeting with miller which would once again make Armitage the ORIGINAL LEAKER!!   i checked this article again after these comments were made and found the armitage/woodward conversation buried too deep in the article.  i completely agree a timeline type body would suit the article well so that readers can more easily understand the facts.  i'd like a consensus before i attempt this.  any thoughts?Anthonymendoza (talk) 02:55, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Factually wrong and sloppy.
There are factual errors and sloppy writing in this article and my attempt to correct them was reverted immediately by User:Capitalismojo. Let me point out one crucial one. In the Wikipedia article, as it stands now:

 * In 2002, Plame recommended her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country. Wilson initially bolstered the case for most intelligence analysts, but after President George W. Bush made the same claim during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson denied his initial pre-war assessment.

The statement that Joseph Wilson "bolstered the case for most intelligence analysts" of an Iraq/Niger Uranium deal references a Washington Post article by Susan Schmidt, who's past writing have been shown to spread false information. In fact, from the Congressional report on pre-war intelligence from July 9, 2004 that is linked in this section, starting on page 44:

 * First, the former ambassador described his finding to Committee staff [..] as refuting both the possibility that Niger could have sold uranium to Iraq and that Iraq approach Niger to purchase uranium.

The report states, without any ambiguity, that Joseph Wilson returned from his Niger trip stating that there was no evidence of a Iraq/Niger yellowcake deal, that such a deal could likely never take place, and that the documents that stated such were likely forged. This article is therefore factually wrong and must be fixed. It should also be noted in the report that Wilson's trip to Niger was not the only one conducted. Rabit (talk)

 * The Washington Post is Reliable Source. Your belief that this author wrote incorrect information in other articles is irrelevant. I would note the "rescue: article you reference (and disparage) above has two Washington Post reporters on the byline, not one. The section is well ref'd. If you think the WaPo is not RS for this take your thoughts to WP:RSN. It is inappropriate to delete longstanding and well ref'd material without gaining consensus. Capitalismojo (talk) 12:59, 26 August 2014 (UTC)

This Article Obscures the Shocking Truth about the Plame Affair
As it is overly-detailed; hopefully this was not its purpose. Here is a great summary by Mollie Hemingway:  Republican Scooter Libby Charged, But Not The Actual Leaker  After Valerie Plame’s identity as a CIA employee was leaked, a special counsel operation was set up to investigate the leak. [FBI Director Robert] Mueller’s deputy [James] Comey...named Patrick Fitzgerald, his close personal friend and godfather to one of his children, to the role of special counsel. Mueller, Comey, and Fitzgerald all knew the whole time that Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage was the leaker. Yet they set things up so Fitzgerald would aggressively investigate the Bush administration for three years, jailed a journalist for not giving up a source, and pursued both Karl Rove and Scooter Libby [whom they knew from the start, to be innocent of the "crime"].

Comey even expanded the investigation’s mandate within weeks of setting up the special counsel. Libby, who was pardoned by President Trump...was rung up on a process charge in part thanks to prosecutorial abuse by Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald encouraged a witness to give false testimony by not providing exonerating evidence to her and Libby’s attorneys. The Wall Street Journal and Commentary have write-ups on the saga.

Was Judith Miller 'guided' in her testimony?
Judith Miller wrote in her book that Patrick Fitzgerald "steered" her "in the wrong direction" during testimony prep. 71.46.49.251 (talk) 23:44, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, this has been fairly widely reported in the media over the last several days. Capitalismojo (talk) 23:54, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Real Clear politics is reliable source. Simon and Schuster is RS. Books are often given early to reviewers. WaPa and Daily Caller have seconded the reporting. Capitalismojo (talk) 18:43, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * There are now six refs supporting the statement that Judith Miller has asserted that Patrick Fitzgerald improperly guided her testimony. We could easily add six more. Is there anyone who believes that these are insufficient for the simple statement? Capitalismojo (talk) 19:27, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * These are all opinion columns containing serious allegations against a BLP. Let's wait until a factual, neutral secondary source weighs in on the matter.   Gamaliel  ( talk ) 19:34, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * They are not "all opinion columns" that is entirely incorrect. What is the BLP issue in saying "Judith Miller has said x"? She has most certainly said it. Capitalismojo (talk) 19:39, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Which one is not an opinion column besides her book, which no editor has consulted yet since it was published two days ago? Gamaliel  ( talk ) 19:40, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * The RCP is an article, as is the National Review article by Arthur Herman, the Daily Caller is brief and spare reporting, the Weekly Standard piece is an article by Fred Barnes. Since Fred Barnes also has columns, I looked at it extremely closely. I judge it as one of his straight reporting articles and reliable for the simple fact of Judith Miller's assertion. Capitalismojo (talk) 20:03, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * By the way, advance copies of major publications most certainly are commonly and regularly available to reviewers and mainstream news outlets. The idea that no one has read it is clearly not the case. Capitalismojo (talk) 20:07, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * So please add the page number you are citing from your advance copy to the citation.  Gamaliel  ( talk ) 20:29, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * These edits should not be reverted again off of the Plame affair page. I have reverted them back on since this book is now available at any Barnes and Noble and other book stores for us to confirm.  Yes, it is mainly op-ed articles which have referred to these sections of Miller's book, but it cannot be helped that the liberal media refuses to be more forthcoming in its reporting.  That should not influence this wikipedia page, since we can verify this information, which I am going to do below.
 * The passages as cited by Peter Berkowitz in the WSJ can be verified and proven, as you can see with this following link that goes to Google Books:
 * https://books.google.com/books?id=Es4NBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT323&dq=%22a+seasoned+bureaucrat,+had+been+trying+to+plant+her+employer+with+me+at+our+first+meeting+in+June%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oYOJVY-HLpO_sQSBhK2YCw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22a%20seasoned%20bureaucrat%2C%20had%20been%20trying%20to%20plant%20her%20employer%20with%20me%20at%20our%20first%20meeting%20in%20June%22&f=false
 * Google Books states that it is page 323 in the PDF version, but in the printed version it is page 309. The chapter that these facts appear in are the final chapter, the epilogue, which are pages 300-325.  This way, for any future editors who wish to proceed with keeping these facts on the wikipedia page can do so now by directly referencing the book.

Enough is enough with this facts revisioning on this wikipedia page already by hiding behind these tags of BLP or any other that will no doubt be cooked up to prevent this from entering the verifiable record.24.73.97.42 (talk) 16:18, 23 June 2015 (UTC) I have no advance copy. I need no advance copy. We have multiple RS publications who have stated this, clearly they have either had advance copies or purchased and read (Chapter 18) of the book. Capitalismojo (talk) 20:31, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Then you should not cite the book in your edit if you have not used it as a source.  Gamaliel  ( talk ) 20:33, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I didn't add it initially, but we have multiple RS supporting it. And when I pick up the book and find the page you will be fine? Capitalismojo (talk) 20:40, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Most importantly, what is the BLP violation in stating that a prominent national reporter has stated that a major public figure has done X. I note that there are dozens (hundreds?) of articles here that have well ref'd "Allegation" sections. Cosby jumps to mind, as an example. Capitalismojo (talk) 20:40, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Partisan opinion columns are not appropriate sources for such an allegation section.  Gamaliel  ( talk ) 20:54, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I agree, that's why none of the above [][][][]are opinion columns.Capitalismojo (talk) 23:30, 9 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I guess we define opinion columns very differently then. The RCP piece is basically a rewording of the author's Wall Street Journal opinion column, except here it's called an "essay".  Jennifer Rubin is an "Opinion Writer" for the Washington Post.  The Daily Caller is not a reliable source.  None of these are news articles.  Gamaliel  ( talk ) 23:50, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

I have not picked up the book yet to confirm that the page numbers mentioned above by the IP are accurate. The Googlebooks link above didn't work for me for some reason. Capitalismojo (talk) 19:29, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I've picked up the book. The Google Books link provided above by the IP says (at least when I click it) "Some pages are omitted from this book preview." Specifically, the bottom half of page 310 and the top half of page 311 are missing, which includes what she actually says about Fitzgerald. She avoids (intentionally, I assume) affirmatively accusing the special prosecutor of misleading her or "steering" her to give false testimony, and only questions herself in her book. The source cited (Daily Caller) is also careful to only say Miller "suggests", rather than accuses or claims, but abuses a bit of creative license when it morphs her question "Had Fitzgerald's questions...steered me in the wrong direction?" into a "Fitzgerald “steered” her “in the wrong direction” to potentially give inaccurate testimony" statement. Xenophrenic (talk) 03:19, 16 July 2015 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070829175419/http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1205 to http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1205
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100922140112/http://www.nationaljournal.com/about/njweekly/stories/2006/0209nj1.htm to http://nationaljournal.com/about/njweekly/stories/2006/0209nj1.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051022003609/http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/osc/index.html to http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/iln/osc/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:53, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

Some new info from New Mexico
Here’s the link:

https://searchlightnm.org/days-of-wine-and-roses-state-agencies-probe-lavish-spending-by-university-president/ VickiMeagher (talk) 01:33, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plame affair


text:
Lhünzhub County

Lhünzhub County is a county in Lhasa towards the north-east of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet, China. It covers an area of 4512 km2 and as of 2000 had a population of 50,895 people, almost all classified as rural. The southern portion, the Pengbo River Valley, contains fertile arable land, while the colder and more mountainous northern portion primarily supports grazing. The county has many monasteries, including the Reting Monastery.

The county was established as Lhünzhub Dzong in 1857. In 1959, it merged with Pundo Dzong to form the modern Lhünzhub County.

Geography and climate
Lhünzhub County is located in central Tibet around 65 km northeast of metropolitan Lhasa. It includes the Pengbo River Valley and the upper reaches of the Lhasa River. It covers an area of 4512 km2. The county is geologically complex, with an average elevation of 4000 m. Mineral resources include lead, zinc, copper, silver, gold and gypsum. A spur of the Nyainqêntanglha mountains crosses the whole territory, dividing it into a southern and northern part.

In the south the Pengbo valley has an average elevation of 3680 m with a mild climate. The average temperature is 5.8 °C. The northern "three rivers" section, crossed by the Lhasa River and its tributary the Razheng River, is mountainous and has an average elevation of 4200 m. It has average annual temperature of 2.9 °C and is mostly pastoral, with yak, sheep and goats. Wildlife includes roe deer, white-lipped deer, otter, black-necked crane, duck, Mongolian gazelle, ibex. Medicinal plants and fungi include Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Rhodiola, and Ganoderma lucidum.

Administration divisions
Lhünzhub County has jurisdiction over one town and 9 townships.

Other settlements

 * Zhujia (朱加)

Economy
As of 2000 the county had a total population of 50,895, of which 8,111 lived in a community designated as urban. 2,254 had non-agricultural registration and 48,362 had agricultural registration. The Pengbo valley is the main grain-producing region of Lhasa Municipality and Tibet, with a total of 11931 ha of arable land. Crops include barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, canola and vegetables such as potato. The total output in 1999 was 57,600 tons of grain.

Livestock includes yak, sheep, goats and horses. Yaks graze at altitudes of 4300 m or more - higher than is practical with cattle. Crop residues are used for winter and spring feed. In 1996 more than 85% of winter and spring feed was straw, mostly barley straw. Linzhou county has been a leading testing and manufacturing center for frozen yak semen, and a center for selective breeding of yaks. Local enterprises prepare Tibetan medicinal plants and process wood products. Ethnic handicrafts are well developed, including weaving and mats. The Pengbo valley has a long history of pottery-making. Products include braziers, flower pots, vases, jugs and so on.

In 2010 the county had a GDP of 839 million yuan, and government revenue was 26.9 million yuan. Investment in fixed assets was 450 million yuan, excluding water conservancy. The per capita income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,587 yuan. Mining was an important source of income, and the government had plans to more actively promote tourism.

Infrastructure
Hutoushan Reservoir lies in Qangka Township. The reservoir is bordered by large swamps and wet meadows, and has abundant plants and shellfish. The Hutuoshan Reservoir in the Pengbo valley is the largest in Tibet, with planned total storage of 12000000 m3. Endangered Black-necked cranes migrate to the middle and southern part of Tibet every winter, and may be seen on the reservoir.

There is a small hydropower station in Lhünzhub town. The Pangduo Hydro Power Station became operational in 2014.It impounds the Lhasa River in Pondo Township, about 63 km from Lhasa. The reservoir holds 1,170,000,000 m3 of water. The power station has total installed capacity of 160 MW, with four generating units. It has been called the "Tibetan Three Gorges".

The county has three major highways with total length of 160 km and twelve rural roads, bringing the total road length to over 260 km. The county has a radio and television station. TV coverage is received by 72.1% of the population, and radio by 83.4% of the population. The county has 23 health care establishments, including a County People's Hospital with 30 beds. By the end of 2000 there were 122 medical personnel.

Religion
The county is a center of Tibetan Buddhism. There are thirty-seven gompas including twenty-five lamaseries with 919 monks and twelve nunneries with 844 nuns as of 2011. The breakdown by sect is twenty-six Gelug, six Kagyu and five Sakya.

Reting Monastery is located in Lhünzhub County and was built in 1056 by Dromtön (1005–1064), a student of Atiśa. It was the earliest monastery of the Gedain sect, and the patriarchal seat of that sect. In 1240 a Mongol force sacked the monastery and killed 500 people. The gompa was rebuilt. When the Gedain sect joined the Gelug sect in the 16th century the monastery adopted the reincarnation system. The incarnations are named Reting Rimpoche. Following an attempted rebellion against the Lhasa government in 1947 Reting was imprisoned in the Potala. After he died in May 1947 the monastery was looted and then razed. In recent years a lot of reconstruction work has been done. About 160 monks reside in Reting.

title: Lhünzhub County


text:
User talk:Subphreeky

Welcome -- and a reply to your question
Welcome to Wikipedia. Your question is no intrusion and I'm always happy to help if I can. So, please feel free to call on me. Look forward to working with you. Regarding your question about smallpox and the Pontiac's War incident: Human understanding of the causes and spread of disease, including smallpox, developed erratically and was often based on practical observation. The technological confirmation of micro-organisms - by Pasteur and others - was a conclusion of a long line of speculation and experiments with public health. The burning of bedding and clothing used by persons infected with smallpox, plague and other epidemic diseases dates at least to the early and mid 1600's. This was also the time when public health measures, such as drains and sewers, protected water supplies and garbage control, began to be seen in European cities. Of course, these measures had been used earlier in other cultures, including China and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman's were also the first to use innoculation -- controlled infection with a live desease agent -- as a method to temper the devastation of smallpox. Wikipedia's resident expert on this particular incident is Kevin Myers. I asked him to join our discussion, and his reply is below. Hope the information helps. WBardwin 17:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * "I will try to inoculate the bastards with some blankets that may fall into their hands, and take care not to get the disease myself." -- Henry Bouquet, 13 July 1763.

 * I'm not sure to what degree people then understood how disease was spread, but they had some notion of it, as Bouquet's letter demonstrates. And by the time of Pontiac's War, inoculation against smallpox had been practiced among the upper class in England for nearly half a century. It was also common knowledge then that if one survived smallpox, you were then immune, so presumably whoever handled the blankets had already survived the disease. --Kevin Myers 04:19, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Barry Hess
The AFD discussion resulted in the article being redirected as he lacks coverage in reliable, independent sources to establish his notability. That has not changed. If you wish to contest this, proceed to Requests for undeletion and do not just continue trying to restore the article. Thanks, Tiller54 (talk) 19:07, 27 October 2014 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Libertarian Barry Hess.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Libertarian Barry Hess.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 14:31, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Subphreeky


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chevronism

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 07:50, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Chevronism
delete: google report only 3 hits (twice in a forum and once in freedictionary). Article in a very bad form, and it doesn't seems serious. Cate 17:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. Flowerparty 17:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Nonsense articles should be speedied, not nominated here. --FOo 01:30, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I get zero google hits for the title. Soory, FOo, this is not nonsense according to the Wikipedia definition, and so not speediable (as much as I wish it were). Denni ☯ 02:53, 2005 July 20 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 08:03, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Andalé Mono

Andalé Mono (for technical reasons also Andale Mono) is a monospaced sans-serif typeface designed by Steve Matteson for terminal emulation and software development environments, originally for the Taligent project by Apple Inc. and IBM. Andalé Mono has a sibling called Andalé Sans.

IBM's legacy
The character set and design choices of Andalé Mono reveal its origin as a custom font for the Apple and IBM joint project Taligent. The character set includes many IBM specific symbols from IBM Courier, published in 1991. Some characters, like the card symbols, have even identical outlines. Also the dotted zero, which seems to have originated as an option on IBM 3270 displays, is included in both fonts.

Distribution
Andalé Mono was first distributed as an Internet Explorer 4.0 add-on, originally under the name Monotype.com. Starting with version 1.25 of the font, it was renamed to Andale Mono, and distributed with Internet Explorer 5 and 6. Andalé Mono is no longer distributed with modern versions of Microsoft Windows (from Windows 2000/ME onwards), having been replaced by Lucida Console. It is still available for download as part of the Core fonts for the Web package on SourceForge and it is bundled with macOS.

Retail versions
The Andale Mono typeface family sold by Ascender Corporation includes bold and italics variants, in TrueType format. This version supports the WGL character set.

Andalé Mono is also sold by Monotype, it does not include italics, and does not support Greek, Cyrillic, and most Latin Extended-A/B characters found in the Ascender version. It is available in OpenType CFF, TrueType, PostScript formats. However, Monotype has also produced language-specific variants of Andalé Mono in Cherokee (Andalé Mono Cherokee), Cyrillic (Andalé Mono Cyrillic), Greek (Andalé Mono Greek), Hebrew (Andalé Mono Hebrew) character sets.

Andale Mono WT
Andale Mono WT is a variant supporting all characters mapped by Unicode 3.0 code points. The WT stands for WorldType.

This family contains Andale Mono WT J, Andale Mono WT K, Andale Mono WT S, Andale Mono WT T, which include glyphs for Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese environments, respectively. Andale Mono WTG, Andale Mono WTG Surrogate are fonts supporting Unicode 3.2 code points, with Andale Mono WTG Surrogate supporting characters outside U+FFFF code points.

Retail versions of Andale Mono WT fonts are sold under the name Unicode Font Package for SAP by Ricoh and KYOmulticode 1.0 by Kyocera. A raster version of Andale Mono WTG is shipped with FontLab Studio 5.

Download links

 * Download from SourceForge
 * Download at WayBackMachine

title: Andalé Mono


text:
Damxung County

Damxung is a county of Lhasa City, lying to the north of its main center of Chengguan, in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Its administrative seat is Damquka. The terrain is rugged, including the western Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains, with their highest peak rising to 7111 m. As of 2013 the population was 40,000, with most of the people engaged in animal husbandry.

History
Damxung means "select pasture" in the Tibetan language. The Damxung steppe was gifted by the 5th Dalai Lama to Güshi Khan during the latter's reign. A number of Mongol cavalry soldiers settled down in the area, who became known as Mongol Eight Banners of Dam. After Güshi Khan's death in 1679, the area was possessed by Ngakpa Tratsang of Sera Monastery. From 1715 to 1912, the former Mongol Eight Banners land was directly administered by the Qing Dynasty Amban. Following the Qing's collapse, the area once again came under possession of Sera Monastery, which established Damxung Dzong under Domê Chikyab (mdo smad spyi khyab, "Domê Governorate"), predecessor of the modern Chamdo Prefecture. In 1956, the county was transferred to Lhasa City. In 1959, Petsang and Yangbajain merged into Damxung to form the modern Damxung County.

Geography
The county has an area of 10,036 km2, with rugged topography. Damxung is long and narrow, measuring 185 km from the northeast to southwest extremes, and at most 65 km. The county is tectonically active and was the epicenter of a 7.5Mw earthquake in the north in 1952 and a 6.4 Mw earthquake in the south in 2008. In November 2010 a moderate quake in Damxung at 5.2 on the Richter scale shook office windows in Lhasa. There were no casualties, but houses were damaged.

In the extreme northeast of the county, Namtso lake has an area of 1920 km2, of which 45% lies in Damxung county. Namtso is one of the great lakes of the Tibetan plateau. The Nyenchen Tanglha (or Nyainqentanglha) mountains extend along the northwest of the county. Mount Nyenchen Tanglha is the highest peak in the region, at 7,111 m. The Nyainqêntanglha mountains define the watershed between northern and southern Tibet. A valley with elevation of about 4,200 m runs parallel to the mountains to their southeast, sloping from northwest to southeast. 30% of the county's total area is in the prairie of this valley.

Climate
Damxung is cold and dry in the winter, cool and wet in summer, with very variable weather. The average annual temperature is 1.3 °C, with only 62 frost-free days. The land is frozen from the start of November to the following March. Pasture has 90–120 days for growth. Average annual precipitation is 481 mm.

Administration
Damxung County is divided into two towns and six townships. The seat of government is in Dangquka.

Population and economy
As of 2013 the population was 40,000, up from 35,000 in 1997. In 2000 Damxung had a total population of 39,169, of which 19,429 were male and 18,740 were female. Almost all were ethnic Tibetans. The rural population was 36,607 and the urban population 2,562. As of 2009 there were 37 primary and secondary school buildings. There were seven hospitals, including a county hospital, with a total of 40 beds and 161 medical personnel.

Natural grasslands cover 693,171 ha, of which 68% is considered excellent. Almost all the people are engaged in rearing livestock, including yaks, sheep, goats and horses. In 1999 the herds other than horses included 224,600 sheep (42.55%), 179,600 yak (34.02%), 116,900 goats (22.14%).

The Qinghai-Tibet Highway (China National Highway 109) runs from east to west across the county. Damxung railway station links the county to the city of Lhasa to the south. There is a large geothermal field at Yangbajain. This is harnessed by generating units that deliver 25,180 kW, or 100 million kilowatt hours annually, to the city of Lhasa to the south. The transmission line follows the Duilong River south through Doilungdêqên District. Yangbajain Geothermal Field is currently the largest proven geothermal field of its nature in China. There is a gypsum mine with reserves of 100 million tons in Uma township. Other mineral resources include aluminum, tin, lead, zinc and copper.

Monuments
Kangmar Monastery (康玛寺) is in Chonggar Village, Gungtang Township, Damxung County, 16 km from the county seat. The monastery belonged to the Gelug sect, and was administered by the Hardongkangcun of the Tantric School of Sera Monastery. As of 2003 it had 62 monks and was the largest monastery in Damxung. It was said to have been built by a monk from Kangma in Garze Prefecture. The meditation room has 1,213 carved stone reliefs of Buddha, mostly about 20 by. They are about three hundred years old. The temple stands on a barren slope below a mountain, but the meeting room has electric light and heating. The temple operates a tea house and a grocery store. The monks have built a two-story dormitory.

Yangpachen Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yangbajain, historically the seat of the Shamarpas of Karma Kagyu. It is the main monastery of the Red Hat school of the Karma Kagyu sect. It was built in 1490, and through extensive repairs and additions grew into a major architectural complex that contained a large collection of cultural relics. The Red Hat school of Karma Kagyu died out in 1791. The monastery was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, but later was rebuilt.

The Eight Towers of Northern Tibet (藏北八塔) in Wumatang (Uma) townland are said to be the guardians of the grasslands of northern Tibet. One story of their origin is that eight generals of King Gesar, who unified the grasslands of northern Tibet, were killed at this place and the towers were built to commemorate them. Another says that the eight generals of the Mongol army were killed here. This may be more plausible, since the names seem to have Mongol origins.

Namtso lake is the second-largest salt lake in China. It has vivid turquoise-blue waters and is set in spectacular scenery. The Tashi Dor Monastery is at an elevation of 4718 m in the southeastern corner of the lake. It is situated on the Tashi Dor promontory. It is more a chapel than a monastery, with two small buildings holding images of local deities.

title: Damxung County


text:
Category:Hellenistic colonies

Greek colonies founded by Alexander III of Macedon and his successors.

title: Category:Hellenistic colonies


text:
Nyêmo County

Nyêmo is a county in the Lhasa west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet. It lies on the north bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the northern part of the Brahmaputra. The county has an area of 3276 km2, and as of 2011 had a population of 30,844 people, mostly engaged in agriculture or herding.

Location
"Nyemo" is the Tibetan word for "wheat". It is located in the middle section of the Brahmaputra, 140 km from Lhasa. It is mainly agricultural and pastoral, with an area of 3276 km2 and an average elevation of 4000 m. The county seat is 3809 m above sea level. The Nimu Maqu River flows through the county from north to south. The Yarlung Tsangpo River forms its southern boundary. The highest point is a peak at 7048.8 m above sea level, and the lowest point is where the Maqu River empties into the Brahmaputra at an elevation of 3701 m.

The county has a temperate semi-arid plateau monsoon climate, with about 100 frost-free days. Annual rainfall is 324.2 mm. Nyêmo County mineral resources are copper, molybdenum and peat. Wildlife includes leopards, bears, lynx, river deer, black-necked cranes, and pheasant. Wild plants include Fritillaria, Cordyceps, berberine and lotus.

History
Nyêmo was the birthplace of the great translator Vairocana, and the place where the teacher Padmasambhava subjugated local spirits during his journey from Nepal to Lhasa. Old pre-Buddhist cults have survived into the modern era along with monasteries of the different Buddhist traditions. The ala priestly tradition is a local hybrid of traditional religions and Buddhism that is distinctive of Nyemo. Female mediums, possessed by spirits, performed healing ceremonies until the time of the Cultural Revolution.

In late 1968 a revolt in the rural areas of Tibet began in Nyêmo, caused by shortages of food and the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. The revolt later spread to twenty more counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region. In the 1969 "Nyemo incident" the followers of Nyêmo nun Trinley Chödrön combined with the forces of the Maoist Gyenlo party organization. Their “Army of the Gods” attacked government and army compounds and rival cadres throughout the region over the course of several weeks in June 1969. Tinley Chodron, who was said to be an emanation of the holy bird Labja Gongmo from the Epic of King Gesar, was executed in Lhasa later that year.

Administrative divisions

Nyêmo County includes 2 towns and 6 townships:

Economy
As of 2011 the total population was 30,844 people, of whom 28,474 were engaged in agriculture or herding. In 2010 the per-capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,854 yuan, while the disposable income of urban residents reached 14,381 yuan. Total livestock was 167,800 excluding horses. By 2012 the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen had reached 6,881 yuan. In 2000, the county had 189 businesses with 3,319 production employees. Copper is mined in the county.

In the 7th century Nyêmo was producing printing materials, clay-based incense and wooden-sole shoes. Nyêmo's long tradition of making paper and printing texts using woodblocks dates back to this period. Nyêmo County has China's first museum of Tibetan text. Traditional paper continues to be manufactured in a village in Nyemo Town. Other artisan products include incense and wood engraving for printing on paper and on prayer flags. The processes of making Tibetan paper, incense and wood carvings are known as the "three unique skills of Nyemo."

Infrastructure
The county has 24 primary and secondary schools, including one junior high school, with a total staff of 260 people. There is a county hospital with 42 medical staff, eight rural health centers and 26 village clinics with 71 medical personnel. There is a county television station. A small hydropower power plant with a capacity of 250 kilowatts produces 257,000 kilowatt hours annually. The Friendship Highway (part of China National Highway 318) passes through Nyêmo County on the section between Lhasa and Shigatse.

There are 22 temples, of which fourteen are male monasteries and eight are nunneries. As of 2011 there were 118 monks and 99 nuns. The Nyêmo Chekar monastery is known for its 16th century murals depicting reincarnations of the Samding Dorje Phagmo. At Jieji Monastery the lamas make elaborate mandalas using pieces of woodcarving and hand-made embroidery. The art form was brought from India to Tibet in the 11th century.

title: Nyêmo County


text:
Qüxü County

Qüxü County is a county in the Lhasa southwest of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet, China. It is mountainous in the northwest, flatter near the Lhasa River, which runs through the east of the county, and the Yarlung Tsangpo, which forms the southern border. The population as of 2000 was 29,690, mostly engaged in agriculture or animal husbandry. The county is home to the Nyethang Drolma Lhakhang Temple.

Geography
In the Tibetan language the name means "water ditch." Qüxü County has a total area of 1680 km2, with an average elevation of 3650 m. The county is in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, and is mostly relatively flat, but rises to the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the north. The Lhasa River runs south through the eastern part of the county to its confluence with the Yarlung Tsangpo River, which forms the southern boundary of the county. The lowest elevation is 3,500 meters, and the highest summit elevation is 5894 meters.

Qüxü County has a temperate semi-arid plateau monsoon climate zone with 3,000 hours of annual sunshine hours on average and 150 days a year without frost. Annual precipitation is 441.9 mm. Natural disasters such as flash floods, landslides, drought, sandstorms, pests and diseases are common. Mineral resources include mainly corundum, limestone, granite, peat and so on. Wild animals include Himalayan blue sheep, pheasants, deer, leopard and brown bear. Medicinal plants include Chinese caterpillar fungus, Fritillaria and Codonopsis.

Administrative divisions
Qüxü County includes 2 towns and 4 townships:

Demographics
The fifth census in 2000 recorded a population of 29,690 as follows: Qüxü Town 7,406, Nyêtang Township 4,103, Carbanang Township 3,831, Caina Township 4,400, Nam Township 2,909 and Dagar Township 7,041. The total labor force was 15,640 of whom 7,948 were male and 7,692 female. The county seat has been growing fast, and had 5,000 people by 2002. The Fourth Jamgon Kongtrul was born in the county in 1995.

Infrastructure
As of 2002 there was one County Middle School, and 18 primary schools. 98% of the population received radio coverage and 94% received television. There are fourteen small hydropower stations in Qüxü County with a total installed capacity of 1780 kilowatts, creating an annual four million kW·h of electricity. China National Highway 318 runs through the county from Lhasa towards the west. Bridges span the Lhasa River and the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The county is also home to a prison.

Economy
Qüxü County is semi-agricultural and crops grown are mainly highland barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, peas and rapeseed. Apples and walnuts are also produced. Animal husbandry is also strong, with the main animals farmed including yak, cattle, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys, pigs, and chickens. As of 2002 the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 1,960 yuan. The county has been rapidly developing organic farming of snow peach, tobacco, tulips, chrysanthemum and saffron. Farm products have been sold in other parts of China under the "Lhasa Pure" brand. They include barley, barley wine, barley tea, yak milk, Tibetan Chicken, Rhodiola, Cordyceps, Maca and glacier water.

In Junba village (俊巴渔村) about 70% of the households manufacture small leather items in traditional styles for sale to domestic and foreign tourists. Other women in the county are engaged in hand-weaving, preserving traditional styles, although as of 2015 working conditions were poor. Construction of a 2100 m2 industrial park in Qüxü for small and medium enterprises began in September 2014, with completion expected in June 2015. Other enterprises include a factory for farm tools, and a grain and oil processing plant.

The Nyethang Drolma Lhakhang Temple is located in Qüxü County. The temple is said to have been founded in 1055 by Dromtön, a pupil of Atiśa. It is small, but has a unique architecture and many interesting statues. There are relics dating back to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is operated by monks of the Gelug sect.

title: Qüxü County


text: File:Queensryche - Queensryche EP cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Julian Beck

Strange man
Reading about his life and the charges against him I’m not so sure I’d want to be anywhere near him even on a film set.

Wouldn’t want my children near him either. Not sure if the indecent exposure charges were to adults men or women or children??

He seemed the perfect person for the role of the creepy fella in poltergeist II though… 2A02:C7D:3E8B:6E00:4C49:4E9A:420:E3F5 (talk) 22:31, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

 * When reading the list of "charges against him", you have to consider the context-- virtually anyone who was doing any kind of avant-garde art and political protest in the 1960s could easily end up with a similar rap sheet. The indecent exposure charge was for Living Theater performances that included nudity, something that would be considered unremarkable in performance art now. The disorderly conduct charge was a sit-in protest. ←Hob 04:09, 7 February 2023 (UTC)

Photo credit
Charles Rotmil photographer 2603:7081:800:8100:7CDC:4D8F:9BA5:37DB (talk) 00:04, 14 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julian Beck