text:
Talk:Jebusites

Conquest vs. Occupation Controversy
Jebusite

Using the term "conquest" makes a judgment that King David actually "conquered" Jerusalem, rather than co-opting its management, as the Jebusite Hypothesis (in this Article) suggests. For that reason, "occupation" is a more neutral word and seems preferable, although perhaps still other words might be better (and if so, please suggest).

The lack of any information (even Biblical) asserting massacre of the inhabitants suggests peaceful occupation (or even making an offer that the management couldn't refuse--such as steak dinners forever for Zadoq/Araunah and his descendants in exchange for nominal substitution of "Yahweh" for "El Elyon" as alternative to massacre). Therefore, I propose to change "conquest" to "occupation" in a week or so if no contrary consensus emerges.

PraeceptorIP (talk) 18:28, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

based on the research that I read, it seems to me that David and the Jebusite have a good relationship. Why else would the Jebusites hand over mount Moriah? --Michal 16:46, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Please see WP:NOR - our analysis is immaterial, we go by what reliable sources say. Dougweller (talk) 09:22, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

The bible often present contradicting accounts. I think that Wiki should present all 'the theories' rather than the popular version. Please read 1 Chronicles 21 vs:22-23. David asked the governor of the Jebusites for his land to build the Temple and the Jebusite governor gives it to him without any hesitation. This completely contradicts what is written here. I won't go into detail here but there are many reasons to doubt the popular version of conquest.--Michal 16:44, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

Sources beyond the biblical
There are many, and they should be added to this article, which currently only discusses the biblical vision of the Jebusites. Archaeology has provided much information, some of which upholds and others which contradict the biblical narrative. I'll work on adding some of these to the article.  T i a m u t talk 18:05, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

 * First rate. I will look forward to seeing your additions soon. Please include the wall and also the two towers near Gihon. PraeceptorIP (talk) 19:01, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

ethnic origin
Tanakh: this term, which represents a complete unit of its own in Judaism, cannot possibly be used to refer to a part of the "Bible", which is essentially a Christian term, so it's better to stick to "Old Testament". —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pamour (talk • contribs) 18:54, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Genetic Studies
I turned up this: http://maillists.uci.edu/mailman/public/mgsa-l/2006-March/006774.html which claims that the article, "The Origin of Palestinians and Their Genetic Relatedness With Other Mediterranean Populations" was retracted by the journal that originally published it. This article is used as the sole reference for a claim about genetic studies in the "Modern Usage" section.

I don't have access to this journal, so I can't verify either that it was the original publisher, or that it issued a retraction. And perhaps there are other genetic studies that have reached similar conclusions. But if this is really the only source, and it was retracted, then I'm thinking that, "Also modern genetic studies shows Palestinians are direct descendants of Canaanite people" should be removed from the article.

Can anyone help? Grease Bandit (talk) 20:51, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

Here; Gibbons, Ann (October 30, 2000). "Jews and Arabs Share Recent Ancestry". ScienceNOW. American Academy for the Advancement of Science. Surprise, surprise, both palestinians and jews come from the same core prehistorical population... I think that statement has all the right to stay. 212.163.172.180 (talk) 17:04, 29 March 2010 (UTC)Leirus212.163.172.180 (talk) 17:04, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

If it should stay, it should take a more neutral approach, by including what you just stated, that both come from the same core prehistorical population. Augustun84 (talk) 16:08, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Biased opinions stated as facts
The lines at the end of this subsection are politically loaded and cite highly controversial references:

First of all, it is not in Wikipedias place to state a subjective analysis of the motivation of the Palestinian Authorities for teaching what they teach; for all we know, they actually do believe it's their history. The references given to back this claim are known ideological sources, and they do not provide evidence for any of the claims, only opinions. They ridicule Arafat for first claiming to be a Canaanite, and then claiming to be a Jebusite which is supposed to be a contradiction. It is not, Jebusites are considered a subgroup of Canaanites. Furthermore, how exactly would one use archeological evidence to link Palestinians to the Jebusites? There's cultural, linguistic, genetic and historical evidence in the Wikipedia article on Palestinian people (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people) linking them to ancient inhabitants (without naming Jebusites in particular). Simply stating that there is no archaeological evidence, adds nothing but a biased point of view.

Because of this, the following lines should be removed from the Modern Use section. Or at the very least, they should be balanced with some actual evidence.

"The claim is used as an attempt to prove a connection between Palestinians and Jerusalem that predates the Muslim conquest. There is, however, no archaeological evidence linking the Arab-Palestinians of today with the Jebusites of the Canaanite period. ref name=MEQ-PJE>David Wenkel,". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.39.125.35 (talk • contribs) 15:53, 24 October 2010

 * Looks like a reliable source to me as Wenkel is writing in a peer reviewed journal. If you want to balance it, go ahead, but note that Wenkel also cites Eric Cline, another reliable source. Maybe attribute it, but it shouldn't be removed. Dougweller (talk) 09:39, 28 December 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dougweller (talk • contribs) 13:50, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

 * David Wenkel, with his "Masters degree in Christian thought" is of course not a reliable source. And MEQ did not even claim peer-review back when Wenkel's article was published, so that argument doesn't apply.  Just to be clear, since there isn't any evidence that Jebusites actually existed, there isn't any evidence that any group today is descended from them either.  (There is much stronger evidence that Palestinians and Jews share lots of their ancestry.) It is just a shame to see this material presented with such weak sources in such a biased fashion. Zerotalk 12:01, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

Original research
See WP:NORN. Dougweller (talk) 09:39, 28 December 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dougweller (talk • contribs) 08:12, 9 April 2012 (UTC)

Moving a question from the article to the talk page
Just found the text below in the article. Dougweller (talk) 06:46, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

Why doesn't the genealogy mention that Canaanites were under the family of Cush who is identified as Ethiopian in later writing? Clearly, racial differences played a part of the conflicts of that time, i.e. 'El and his appellations were therefore Cushite in origin. [Larry West, 3/7/2013]

The Jebusites are found.
The Jebusites. They're found. They're found. Here is your proof: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130710114327.htm. Anonymous71.164.209.8 (talk) 20:32, 10 September 2013 (UTC)
 * It doesn't say that. It says "Because the inscription is not in Hebrew, it is likely to have been written by one of the non-Israeli residents of Jerusalem, perhaps Jebusites, who were part of the city population in the time of Kings David and Solomon." In other words, pure speculation based on no real evidence. Dougweller (talk) 20:58, 10 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Like many other articles, they just used the biblical name for the people supposed living around then. This adds nothing to the historical evidence of Jebusites. Zerotalk 01:13, 11 September 2013 (UTC)

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Basic Hebrew issue
יבוסי given as a plural (and obviously not in construct-state)? Yeesh. Amateurish way to start. 120.148.217.45 (talk) 17:08, 18 May 2015
 * Meh. The article doesn't say it's plural grammatically, and the Bible uses the grammatically singular Yevusi all the time to refer to the Jebusites as a group. It's either always or almost always just Yevusi in the Bible, not Yevusim, even though it generally refers to more than one person. Can you think of a counter-example? Alephb (talk) 11:08, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

Lack of balance, NPOV
At the present end of the article is this statement: "Archaeological excavation and records that are conclusively dated from the 'post-exilic' period consistently undermine the historical record of the Old Testament," citing the minimalist Silberman. This is not balanced. Others, such as William G. Dever, take a different position. (See, e.g., the foregoing William G. Dever WP article.) This statement is biased and should be deleted or replaced with a balanced or NPOV statement. PraeceptorIP (talk) 21:18, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

BC/BCE
A well meaning but uninformed unregistered user changed the BCE dates citations to BC. Scholarly use for Ancient Near East uniformly designates these dates before the common era as BCE, not BC. Thank you. PraeceptorIP (talk) 23:33, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

 * PraeceptorIP, thanks for your concern. In this case, there is a Wikipedia policy that covers the issue, known as MOS:ERA. To summarize: editors are free to start an article using either BC/AD or BCE/CE conventions. Once an article uses a convention, it cannot be changed without prior discussion and consensus on the talk page. In this case, that means that this article must be left in BCE form. In other articles, the policy will require sticking with BC/AD. I'd personally rather that we had a single standard across the board at Wikipedia, but those are the rules. Alephb (talk) 18:52, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

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Miguel Casiri

Miguel Casiri (الاب مخايل الغزيري; Mikhael Ghaziri) (1710–1791) was a learned Maronite and Orientalist. He was born in Tripoli, Lebanon (formerly in Ottoman Syria). He studied at Rome, where he lectured on Arabic, Syriac, Aramaic, philosophy and theology. In 1748 he went to Spain and was employed in the royal library at Madrid. He was successively appointed a member of the Royal Academy of History, interpreter of oriental languages to the king, and joint-librarian at the Escorial. In 1763 he became principal librarian, a post which he appears to have held till his death in 1791.

Casiri published a work entitled Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurialensis (2 vols., Madrid, 1760–1770). It is a catalogue of more than 1800 Arabic manuscripts, which he found in the library of the Escorial; it also contains a number of quotations from Arabic works on history. The manuscripts are classified according to subjects. The second volume gives an account of a large collection of geographical and historical manuscripts, which contain valuable information regarding the wars between the Moors and the Christians in Spain. Casiri's work is not yet obsolete, but a more scientific system is adopted in Hartwig Derenbourg's incomplete treatise, Les Manuscrits arabes de l'Escorial (Paris, 1884).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Miguel Casiri


text:
Director of Audit

Director of Audit may refer to:

 * Chief audit executive - a corporate executive position
 * Director of Audit (Hong Kong) - head of the Audit Commission of Hong Kong

title: Director of Audit


text:
Talk:Bagerhat District

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English
Bagerhat Name how got its 103.26.247.70 (talk) 13:10, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bagerhat District


text: Category:Sports venues by sport

title: Category:Sports venues by sport


text:
Casiri

Casiri may refer to:
 * Casiri (Arequipa), a mountain in Arequipa Region, Peru
 * Casiri (Tacna), a volcano in Tacna Region, Peru

People with the surname

 * Miguel Casiri (1710–1791), Lebanese Orientalist

title: Casiri


text:
Friendly Persuasion

Friendly Persuasion may refer to:
 * The Friendly Persuasion, a 1945 novel by Jessamyn West
 * Friendly Persuasion (1956 film), based on the book
 * "Friendly Persuasion" (song), a popular song from the movie
 * Friendly Persuasion (1975 film), a made-for-TV movie based on the book and its sequel

title: Friendly Persuasion


text:
Seri language

Seri is an indigenous language spoken by between 716 and 900 Seri people in Punta Chueca and El Desemboque, two villages on the coast of Sonora, Mexico. The language is generally considered an isolate, but attempts have been made to include it in the theoretical Hokan language family. No concrete evidence has been found for connections to other languages.

The earliest records of the Seri language are from 1692, but the population has remained fairly isolated. Extensive work on Seri began in 1951 by Edward and Mary Beck Moser with the Summer Institute of Linguistics.

The language is viable within its community and is used freely in daily life. Exceptions include primary and secondary school, some parts of local church services, and communications with Spanish speakers outside of the Seri community. Most members of the community, including youth, are fluent in their language, but the population of speakers is small and cultural knowledge has been dwindling since the traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle was essentially replaced in the 1930s by fixed settlements. Furthermore, many children are no longer becoming fluent in the language, for a variety of reasons (schools, internet, or non-Seri friends); some children are completely monolingual in Spanish. For these reasons, Seri is listed as a vulnerable language by UNESCO.

Classification
The Serian family is a language family, with Seri as its only living member; related languages have disappeared in the last few centuries. Attempts have been made to link it to the Yuman family, to the now-extinct Salinan language of California, and to the much larger hypothetical Hokan family. These hypotheses came out of a period when attempts were being made to group all of the languages of the Americas into families. In the case of Seri, however, very little evidence has ever been produced. Until such evidence is presented and evaluated, the language is most appropriately considered an isolate.

Name
The name "Seri" is an exonym for this people that has been used since the first contacts with the Spaniards (sometimes written differently, as "Ceres"). Gilg reported in 1692 that it was a Spanish name, but surely it was the name used by another group of the area to refer to the Seris. Nevertheless, modern claims that it is a Yaqui term that means something like "people of the sand" or an Opata term that means "people who run fast" are lacking in factual basis; no evidence has been presented for the former and no credible evidence has been presented for the latter.

The name used within the Seri community itself, for the language, is Cmiique iitom, which contrasts with Cocsar iitom ("Spanish language") and Maricaana iitom ("English language"). The expression is a noun phrase that is literally "(that) with which a Seri person speaks". The word Cmiique (phonetically ) is the singular noun for "Seri person". The word iitom is the oblique nominalization of the intransitive verb caaitom ("talk"), with the prefix i- (third person possessor), and the null prefix for the nominalizer with this class of root. Another similar expression that one hears occasionally for the language is Cmiique iimx, which is a similar construction based on the transitive verb quimx ("tell") (root = amx).

The name chosen by the Seri committee for the name of the language used in the title of the recent dictionary was Comcaac quih Yaza, the plural version of Cmiique iitom. It was appropriate for a project of that type, although it is not a commonly used term. Comcaac (phonetically ) is the plural form of Cmiique and yaza is the plural nominalized form corresponding to iitom. (ooza is the plural root, y- (with an accompanying vowel ablaut) is the nominalizer; the prefix for third person possessor elides before the y. The word quih is a singular article (which combines with the plural noun to refer to the Seri community).

The language was erroneously referred to as Kunkaak as early as the beginning of the 20th century (as in Hernández 1904), and this mistake has been repeated up to now by people who confuse the name of an ethnic group with the name of its language (which are often the same in Spanish and English). The lexeme Comcaac is used in the Seri language only to refer to the people.

Vowels
Vowel length is contrastive only in stressed syllables. The low front vowels are phonetically between open-mid and near-open and have also been transcribed as.

The nonrounded vowels may be realized as diphthongs  when followed by the labialized consonants, but this small phonetic detail is not written in the community-based writing system.

Consonants
Other consonants may occur in recent loans, such as in hamiigo ("friend" from Spanish amigo), and  in hoova ("grape" from Spanish uva).

The labial fricative may be labiodental  for some speakers, and the postalveolar fricative  may be retroflex.

and are prototypically dental.

In unstressed syllables, assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant. This assimilation may take place over word boundaries in connected speech. When is preceded by  or, it becomes a nasalized approximant  and the following vowel becomes nasalized, e.g. cmiique  "person; Seri" is pronounced  or. For some speakers, word-final may become  at the end of a phrase or sentence, or when said in isolation. It can be documented, by careful examination of word lists collected in the nineteenth century, that some of these phonetic rules have arisen fairly recently.

Syllable structure
Syllable structure in Seri is fairly complex. Simple syllable onsets are most common, however, syllables without onsets can occur at the beginning of a word. The language generally allows up to three consonants to occur together at the beginning of a syllable, although consonants cannot be long word initially (i.e. /tːi/ or /pː/). Specific combinations that may occur are much less restricted than English, for instance. Seri three-consonant onsets such as /ptk/ do occur, as in ptcamn (Cortez spiny lobster, Panulirus inflatus). Simple codas occur, although complex ones are more common. Word-medial codas contain a single consonant, whereas word-final codas may include up to three. Clusters of four consonants also occur, but they are more rare in the lexicon: in cösxtamt, ..., "there were many, ...";  in ipoomjc x, ... "if s/he brings it, ...", (with enclitic x).

The nuclei of Seri syllables can include one, two, or three vowels. Long vowels are indicated in writing by doubling (i.e. ⟨aa⟩ or ⟨ii⟩ for /aː/ or /iː/). Vowel clusters may include 3 separate elements, as in the one syllable word kaoi (NOM-D-delouse). Syllables with complex nuclei are stressed; otherwise, the stress generally occurs on the first syllable of a words root. Vowel clusters often occur in the initial syllable of a root.

Affixes, which may consist of one or more consonants with no vowels, can be added before or after existing consonant clusters, thereby complicating pronunciation and syllabification. When necessary, empty vowel positions are inserted and often filled with a syllabic nasal or an "i" to aid in pronunciation.

Stress
Stress is contrastive in Seri. Although it usually falls on the first syllable of a root, there are many words where it does not, mostly nouns, as well as a small class of common verbs whose stress may fall on a prefix rather than on the root. An alternative analysis, recently proposed and with fewer exceptions, assigns stress to the penultimate syllable of the root of a word (since suffixes are never stressed and prefixes receive stress only as a result of phonological fusion with the root). This rule is also sensitive to syllable weight. A heavy final syllable in the root attracts stress. A heavy syllable is one that has a long vowel or vowel cluster or a final consonant cluster. (A single consonant in the syllable coda is typically counted as extrametrical in Seri.)

Consonants following a stressed syllable are lengthened, and vowels separated from a preceding stressed vowel by a single consonant are also lengthened so that cootaj ("ant") is pronounced. Such allophonically lengthened vowels may be longer than the phonemically long vowels found in stressed syllables. The lengthening does not occur if the following consonant or vowel is part of a suffix (coo-taj, the plural of coo ("shovelnose guitarfish"), is, without lengthening) if the stressed syllable consists of a long vowel and a short vowel (caaijoj, a kind of manta ray, is , without lengthening), or if the stressed vowel is lengthened to indicate intensity. It also does not affect most loanwords.

Morphology
Verbs, nouns, and postpositions are inflected word categories in Seri.

Nouns
Nouns inflect for plurality through suffixation. Compare noosi 'mourning dove' and noosi-lc 'mourning doves'. Pluralization is very complicated; for this reason, each noun is listed in the dictionary with its plural form. Some nouns ostensibly use an infix to indicate plural: caatc 'grasshopper', caatjc 'grasshoppers'. A few nouns have completely suppletive plural forms: cmiique 'Seri person', comcáac 'Seri people', ziix 'thing', xiica 'things'.

Kinship terms and body part nouns inflect for possessors through prefixes (with slightly different prefix sets). Compare ma-sáac 'your son' (of man) and mi-lít 'your head'. As they are obligatorily possessed nouns, a special prefix appears when no possessor is specified, and kinship terms sometimes have additional material at the end as well. Compare ha-sáac-at 'one's son', and ha-lít 'one's head'. Some nouns have an additional plural form to distinguish between singular and plural possessors: itoj 'his/her eye', itoj 'his/her eyes', itolcoj 'their eyes'.

Verbs
Finite verbs obligatorily inflect for number of the subject, person of the subject, direct object and indirect object and tense/mood. For subject person and number, compare ihpyopánzx 'I ran', inyopánzx 'you (sg.) ran', yopanzx 'it ran, she ran, he ran', hayopáncojc 'we ran', mayopáncojc 'you (pl.) ran', yopáncojc 'they ran'.

For object person (which is written as a separate word in the orthography although it is really just a prefix), compare ma hyooho 'I saw you (sg.)', mazi hyooho 'I saw you (pl.)', and ihyóoho 'I saw him/her/it/them'.

For indirect object (also written as a separate word except in third person), compare  me hyacóhot 'I showed it to you (sg. or pl.)', cohyacóhot 'I showed it to him/her/them'.

The verb "tenses" divide between medial forms and final forms, irrealis and realis: popánzx (irrealis, medial, third person) '(if) it/she/he runs', tpanzx (realis, medial, third person) '(as) it/she/he ran', yopánzx (distal realis, final, third person) 'it/she/he ran', impánzx (proximal realis, final, third person) 'it/she/he ran', spánxz aha (irrealis, final, third person) 'it/she/he will run'.

A verb may also be negative and/or passive.

A transitive verb may be detransitivized through a morphological operation, and causative verbs may be formed morphologically.

Postpositions and relational preverbs
The postpositions of Seri inflect for the person of their complement: hiti 'on me', miti 'on you', iti 'on her/him/it'. Most of the words that have been called postpositions at one time (and some of which still are, in limited situations) are actually relational preverbs; they must occur in a position immediately before the verbal complex and are commonly not adjacent to their semantic complements. Some of these have suppletive stems to indicate a plural complement; compare miihax 'with you (sg.)' and miicot 'with you (pl.)'.

Grammar
The Seri language is a head-final language. The verb typically occurs at the end of a clause (after the subject and direct object, in that order), and main clauses typically follow dependent clauses. The possessor precedes the possessum. The language does not have many true adjectives; adjective-like verbs follow the head noun in the same kind of construction and with the same kind of morphology as verbs in the language. The words that correspond to prepositions in languages like English are usually constrained to appear before the verb; in noun phrases they appear following their complement.

Articles
Seri has several articles, which follow the noun.

The singular indefinite article (a, an) is zo before consonants, and z before vowels (it presumably is historically related to the word for "one", which is tazo). The plural indefinite article (roughly equivalent to some) is pac.

Cótotaj zo hant z iti poop...

boojum tree a place a in {if there is}

If there is a boojum tree in a place...

Comcaac pac yoozcam.

Seris some came.

Some Seris arrived.

There are several different definite articles (the), depending on the position and movement of the object: These articles are derived historically from nominalized forms (as appear in relative clauses in Seri) of verbs: quiij ("that which sits"), caap ("that which stands"), coom ("that which lies"), quiih ("that (especially soft item like cloth) which is located"), moca ("that which comes"), contica ("that which goes"), and caahca ("that which is located"; root -ahca)
 * Quij (singular) and coxalca (plural) are used with seated objects.
 * Cap/cop (sg.) and coyolca (pl.) are used with standing objects. Cap and cop are dialectal variants.
 * Com (sg.) and coitoj (pl.) are used with objects lying down.
 * Hipmoca (sg.) and hizmocat (pl.) are used with close, approaching objects.
 * Hipintica (sg.) and hipinticat (pl.) are used with close objects going away.
 * Timoca (sg.) and tamocat (pl.) is used with distant, approaching objects.
 * Tintica (sg.), tanticat (pl.), himintica (sg.), and himinticat (pl.) are used with distant objects going away.
 * Hac (sg. & pl.) are used with locations and verbal nouns. Hac is pronounced after vowels and  after consonants.
 * Quih (sg.) and coi (pl.) are unspecified. Quih is pronounced before consonants,  before vowels, and  at the end of an utterance.

Demonstratives
Four simple demonstrative pronouns occur, plus a large set of compound demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. The simple demonstratives are tiix ("that one"), taax ("those, that (mass)"), hipíix ("this one"), and hizáax ("these, this (mass)").

The compound demonstratives are formed by added a deictic element to an article. Examples include himcop ("that (standing far off)"), ticop ("that (standing closer)"), hipcop ("this (standing)"), himquij ("that (sitting far off)"), himcom ("that (lying far off)"), etc. These compound demonstratives may be used either as adjectives (at the end of the noun phrase) or as pronouns.

Personal Pronouns
Two personal nonreflexive pronouns are in common use: he (first person, "I", "we") and me (second person, "you" (singular or plural). These pronouns may have singular or plural referents; the difference in number is indicated in the verb stem. The reflexive pronouns are hisoj "myself", misoj "yourself", isoj "herself, himself, itself", hisolca "ourselves", misolca "yourselves" and isolca "themselves".

Lexicon
The Seri language has a rich basic lexicon. The usefulness of the lexicon is multiplied many times over by the use of idiomatic expressions. For example, one of the many olfactory metaphors used by speakers is the expression hiisax cheemt iha ("I am angry"), literally 'my.spirit stinks (Declarative)'. (The kinship terminology is among the most extensive and complicated that has been documented in the world.) Seri has a small number of loanwords, most ultimately from Spanish, but also from other languages such as O'odham.

Many ideas are expressed not with single words, but with fixed expressions consisting of several words. For example, "newspaper" is hapaspoj cmatsj (literally, "paper that tells lies"), "compass" is ziix hant iic iihca quiya (literally, "thing that knows where places are"), and "radio" is ziix haa tiij coos (literally, "thing that sitting there sings"). This kind of phrase formation is deeply ingrained in the lexicon; it has been used in the past to create new terms for lexical items that became taboo due to the death of a person whose nickname was based on that word.

Writing system
Seri is written in the Latin script. $\langleQu\rangle$ represents before the vowels e and i, while c is used elsewhere, as in Spanish. Long vowels are indicated by doubling the vowel letter. The voiced lateral is indicated by placing an underline under $\langlel\rangle$, i.e. $\langleḺ ḻ\rangle$. Stress is generally not indicated, but can be marked by placing an acute accent $\langle´\rangle$ over the stressed vowel. The representation of the rounded back consonants using a digraph which includes o-dieresis serves to visually unite morphemes that have allomorphs containing the full vowel o, the historical source of the rounded consonants. Example: xeecoj ("wolf"), xeecöl  ("wolves").

The letters B, D, G, Gü, and V occur in some loanwords.

The Seri alphabet was developed in the 1950s by Edward W. and Mary B. Moser, and later revised by a committee of Seri men and women working with Stephen Marlett. In particular:
 * The rounded velar stop was written both $\langlecu\rangle$ and $\langlecö\rangle$, but is now only written $\langlecö\rangle$.
 * The diphthongs were written $\langleao\rangle$ $\langleiu\rangle$ $\langleeo\rangle$ respectively, but are now considered to be allophones of  before rounded consonants, e.g. Tahéojc → Tahejöc.
 * The velar nasal was written $\langleng\rangle$, but is now considered an allophone of  and written $\langlem\rangle$, e.g. congcáac → comcaac.
 * Nasalized vowels were marked with an underline, but are now considered allophones occurring after, e.g. cuá̱am → cmaam.
 * Lengthening of vowels and consonants that follow a stressed syllable were written double, but are now considered allophonic, e.g. hóoppaatj → hóopatj. Long vowels and consonants in other situations are still written double.
 * Word boundaries sometimes changed, with clitics being often originally written solid with the adjacent words, but now written separately.

Literature
A growing body of Seri literature is being published. Some of the stories that were recorded, transcribed and published earlier are now being re-edited and published. New material is also being prepared by several writers. Essays by three Seri writers appear in the new anthology of Native American literature published by the University of Nebraska Press. The most recent literature is appearing as apps for Android phones, often with accompanying audio.

The Constitution of Mexico has been translated in its entirety into the Seri language by the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas. The official name of the Constitution in Seri is Icaaitom Caaixaj Quipac Coha Hapaspoj Caacoj Quih Iti Hant Coii Hant Iij Cacloj Com Oaanloj Coi.

Trivia
The Seri word for "shark", which is hacat, was chosen by ichthyologist Juan Carlos Pérez Jiménez to name a newly discovered species of smooth-hound shark in the Gulf of California (Mustelus hacat).

title: Seri language


text:
File:Graham parker by Steve Bachman.jpg

Graham Parker playing at the Brit's Pub in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 13, 2003. }

title: File:Graham parker by Steve Bachman.jpg


text:
Llandaf railway station

Llandaf railway station is in Llandaff North, Cardiff, Wales. It serves the areas of Llandaff North and Whitchurch.

History
The Taff Vale Railway opened the station in 1840, only ten years after the first stations for locomotive-drawn trains had been opened on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Originally named Llandaff, the station had been renamed Llandaff for Whitchurch by 1910, and on 12 May 1980 it was again renamed Llandaf.

In 2015 work started on replacing the old footbridge with one that offers step-free access to all platforms. This was funded by Network Rail and the Department of Transport Access for all Scheme. A new ticket office opened in November 2017 to replace the old station building (on platform 2) which is open six days a week.

Further improvements planned in connection with the proposed South Wales Metro network included new waiting shelters, improved bike storage, refurbishment of the existing car park, extra lighting and CCTV.

Services
The station has a frequent Monday to Saturday service, and a more limited Sunday service, throughout the year. Under the timetable reforms of Arriva Trains Wales in 2006, the station benefited from the introduction of a Monday to Saturday service with six trains per hour in each direction. Under June 2024 timetable changes, four southbound trains per hour run to Cardiff Central and two to Cardiff Bay, while all northbound services run to Pontypridd with two continuing to Treherbert, two to Merthyr Tydfil and two terminating at Pontypridd.

The station is popular with commuters between Llandaf and Cathays, Cardiff Queen Street, Cardiff Central and (from June 2024) Cardiff Bay. There have been issues with overcrowding, with trains especially crowded in rush hours.

title: Llandaf railway station


text:
Talk:Granularity

Comments
This is only my opinion, but this definition doesn't seem to capture the meaning of the term. Granularity is an undesirable property of a system, though in digital systems some degree of granularity is unavoidable. Granularity is what pixellization is in digital imagery, or graininess in traditional photography. Granularity is the opposite of high resolution.

 * I agree that this article is lacking. It needs expansion, and probably splitting into the very different meanings in different contexts (surely there must also be a geological meaning?) However, granularity is certainly not always undesirable - in taxonomy, thesaurus construction, etc, it has a perfectly good technical meaning which is not at all negative - see Boxes and Arrows --OpenToppedBus - Talk to the driver 14:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Increased granularity = coarser, not finer
The example in the lead is backwards. Granularity is basically the concept that you can tell that things aren't continuous. If granularity increases, that means it's more obvious that they aren't -- so the grains are coarser, not finer.

Anyone want to disagree with that, on reflection? 66.96.28.244 03:21, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It seems fine and coarse are used consistently across fields but the term granularity is not. More positions of smaller size means a greater granularity in investments but more grains of smaller size in photographic film or paper means a lower granularity. I think I'll put that in the article. --61.41.222.249 08:07, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are correct. The essential problem is that granularity does not have a well-defined *degree* from "less" to "more".  In computer science related fields, people have been increasingly *misusing* the term "more granular" in the past few years to mean "finer grained".  But historically it has had the *opposite* meaning: coarser grained.  For example, try searching google scholar for "more granular": http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22more+granular%22 .  If you read the citations carefully, you will notice that in some case the meaning is "finer grained" and in other cases "coarser grained": exact opposites.  This write-up needs to be updated to be more illuminating and less biased toward the current trend of misuse. -- DBooth (talk) 15:24, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

I can't understand Fine Grained or Coarse Grain in Design
Can anyone describe more detail? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lehonghai0409 (talk • contribs) 05:30, May 3, 2006

New section, granularity in a Service-Oriented Architecture (IT field)
I do not have time for it now but granularity is also a challenge in the field of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). Application systems in IT are decomposed to application services (often implemented by Web Services): elementary application activities that can be reused throughout the organization. See also the wiki-page about Service-Oriented Architecture. The question for organizations is, how 'big' should an application service be? More information about this challenge is described in a ZapThink article: http://www.zapthink.com/report.html?id=ZAPFLASH-200783

In Business
The existing In Business section badly needs a re-write.

It bizarrely veers off into an opinion about how the term "granularity" is used in "irritating" ways, presumably inaccurately, by business executives. The section then spends a few sentences talking about "Smurfing" which has nothing to do with granularity.

I'm not sure whether Granularity, as it's used in business, requires a separate page.

In business intelligence, and I think business in general, granularity generally refers to the depth at which one is looking at data. Colloquially, one could look at the 30,000-foot level or the level of fine details -- or, obviously, anywhere in between. It's necessary to be able to drill down from the broad data (e.g. a company's overall revenue) to segmented and cross-tabulated data (e.g. product-, geography- and/or period-level data) to better understand what's really happening. Different levels of granularity can show very different pictures -- not necessarily "false" but not entirely "true" either.

(For what it's worth, I would concur with the existing section that the term is thrown around loosely by executives, but I don't think that that is relevant to the wikipedia entry that's supposed to be explaining the term.)Magnabonzo (talk) 23:06, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

"Grain"
The usage of is under discussion, see talk:food grain -- 70.51.202.113 (talk) 05:45, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Granularity


text:
Gustave Charles Fagniez

Gustave Charles Fagniez (6 October 1842 – 18 June 1927), French historian and archivist, was born in Paris on 6 October 1842. Trained at the École des Chartes and the École pratique des hautes études, he made his first appearance in the world of scholarship as the author of a book called Études sur l'industrie et la classe industrielle à Paris au XIIIe et au XIVe siècle (1877). This work, composed almost entirely from documents, many unpublished, opened a new field for historical study.

Twenty years later he supplemented this book by a collection of Documents relatifs à l'histoire de l'industrie et du commerce en France (2 volumes, 1898–1900), and in 1897 he published L'économie sociale de la France sous Henri IV, a volume containing the results of very minute research. He did not, however, confine himself to economic history. His Le Père Joseph et Richelieu (1894), though somewhat frigid and severe, is based on a mass of unpublished information, and shows remarkable psychological grasp.

In 1878 his Journal parisien de Jean de Maupoint, prieur de Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Couture was published in volume iv of the Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Île de France. He wrote numerous articles in the Revue historique (of which he was co-director with Gabriel Monod for some years) and in other learned reviews, such as the Revue des questions historiques and the Journal des savants. In 1901 he was elected member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

title: Gustave Charles Fagniez


text:
Talk:Millennium (TV series)

Is Millenium really a spin-off of the X-Files?
I think I have only seen a couple of episodes of Millenium but I don't think it is correct that Millenium be considered a spin-off of The X-Files. Here is what found in the article about Spin-offs: "Media spin-off is the process of deriving new radio, video game, film series, book series or television programs from existing ones."

For Millenium to be a spin-off of The X-Files that would mean that it had character(s) and/or situations that originated in The X-Files. From what I read Frank Black and his storyline was first introduced in Millenium not The X-Files. Therefore it is not an X-Files spin-off. It is not an X-Files spin-off as Millenium was developed on its very own.

Millenium being thought of as an X-Files spin-off is perhaps due to the crossover with The X-Files to conclude the Millenium storyline as it was not done so in Millenium itself since it was abruptly cancelled.

This crossover is the first time that it has been established that The X-Files & Millenium takes place in the same universe. Since there was no prior establishment of this it is not the basis to describe Millenium as an X-Files spin-off.

For instance there was a Doctor Who/Eastenders crossover but that does not automatically mean that Eastenders is a spinoff of Doctor Who. --The Shadow Treasurer (talk) 07:19, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

+1 not a spin-off. Palpalpalpal (talk) 10:33, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

I am not really disagreeing with your conclusions, but keep in mind that there were hints that the two shows took place in the same universe before, there was a cameo appearance by Mulder and Scully in FBI headquarters (I think it was the stunt doubles) and the Season 2 finale features Morley's cigarretes. Hawjam (talk) 17:07, 13 March 2012 (UTC)Hawjam

Frank Black's "ability"
The latest addition seems a little questionable to me. While no one in the series may have stated in so many words that Frank was psychic, it doesn't seem like that much of a stretch to interpret statements that he has a "gift" or a "curse" as having psychic abilities. Can you really name any books, TV shows or movies (or even games) where a character is psychic and it isn't described as a gift and/or a curse? -DynSkeet (talk) 14:19, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

In one of the first few episodes, this dialogue is exchanged: Frank: I see what the killer sees. Bletcher: What, like a psychic? Frank: No. I put myself in his head. I become the thing we fear the most. 220.245.184.91 14:30, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Later on in the series, however (particular in Season 3), it becomes more and more obvious that Frank can do more than just get into the heads of serial killers. Towards the end of Season 3, he specifically states at least once that he has visions.--MythicFox 14:50, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

I agree, the "not psychic" thing seems silly. Now on the show Profiler, which premiered around the same time producers confirmed that the "visions" which we saw were merely a storytelling device but here the characters seem to interpret them as real. Now it may be that Frank is not a postcog or telepath and that his visions are based on a supernatural ability to interpret evidence around him but this seems close enough to label it psychic unless the show had established a clear difference, which it did not.

The image of Lara.
Isn't Lara's insanity a pretty big spoiler? I don't think there should really be an image of it.

Maybe you should ask her, you can reach her at 555-CRAZY. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.91.212.198 (talk) 20:59, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Episode list
Was anyone else aware that there's already a seperate article for the episodes? I thought about directing that section to the article, but then the images would be orphaned, and images already occupy quite a bit of the rest of the article. Plus, the episode list article pales compared to the one here. The list article either needs to be replaced as redirect, or the list here needs to be cut and pasted over the other. The problem with the latter option is that if the images go with it, they may look kind of out of place. What to do? --Bacteria 21:27, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually I wasn't aware that there was a seperate list of episodes however that seperate list was created after the list was already in the main article (the list in the main article was added in Feb '05 while the seperate article was created in May '05) so it would appear that the section was split off then never removed from the main one. I would hazard a guess that since it was never linked to from this page it never got much attention... certainly if I had known it existed at the time I was expanding the episode list on this page (in August '05 I put the list in a table and added the original broadcast dates) I would have done it on that page rather than this one.
 * That said, I would say that, in line with WP:FICT (treating episodes as just another piece of info on a fictional universe), the episode list fits into the main article fine at the moment and since it's not going to be getting any longer it would be best if it just stays here and the other article should be turned into a redirect. Now if people start expanding the info on the individual episodes and it does start to get a bit too long then perhaps we'll need to change the redirect back into a full article... but I guess we can deal with that issue if or when it comes up. -- Lochaber 01:47, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

I was originally going to make a proposal to move the list, but thinking on it, I believe that the reason is heavy enough. Aside from the pointlessness of having the list both in and out of the article, this article itself has gotten very thick and the number of episodes is reasonable enough to support its own article (Firefly has only fourteen and a pretty tall main article, so Millennium seems to be in safe territory). I can't imagine anyone having objections to this, but there can also not be any good support for the list being in two articles at once. The only problem I had originally was with the image, but the moving of all but one motivated me to make the move; however, there is now an orphaned image that someone can maybe look into adding somewhere. --Bacteria 19:42, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

"Jumping the shark"
Being 'new' here I'm wondering if someone's opinion should be a part of this article? In fact according to the Offical Jump the Shark site, http://www.jumptheshark.com/m/millennium.htm It's the third season that killed it. Why is 'Jumping the Shark' even part of this article? Thanks.

The Millennium Group and The Academy Group
It should be mentioned that Chris Carter originally based the Millennium Group on a real-life organization. The Academy Group comprises retired FBI agents, Marshalls, Secret Service agents, etc. Their website is http://www.academy-group.com/. I think one of the season sets discusses the relationship between the Group and Carter. The second season mutated the Group into a fictional entity that bore little resemblence to the original, real-life organization.

Theme Song
In the Millennium theme song, who do you see walking on a bridge? Who is the lady that appeared wearing a dress? To see please go to www.retrojunk.com, or watch it on DVD. You know the part where you hear a violn playing. First you see a lady, then a statue, then a explosion from a house. The cast appears, when it says "Created by Chris Carter." (at the age of 41 when he did this), you will see a lady walking, who is it. It ends on a house. Who old was this lady? To watch video clip of the theme song, please go to www.retrojunk.com/details_tvshows/675-millennium/ —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 205.196.178.200 (talk) 19:51, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

 * My recollection off hand is that it was the director's daughter? or someone close to Chris Carter. It's her only screen appearance. (StarkeRealm 09:58, 14 October 2007 (UTC))

lady in shorts
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bqSyAVcucxw/UyCA8TXp48I/AAAAAAAAovY/GXSUmKHiPQQ/s1600/millennium10.png

who's wearing shorts — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1702:38C0:EDD0:4536:5418:1540:2B22 (talk) 03:50, 17 September 2019 (UTC)

POV
The comment: "It is unclear whether or not Lucy Butler is just another manifestation of Legion, a question made more complicated by the fact that the writers of the show don't seem to have originally intended to suggest there was a being named Legion behind the evil Frank was confronting each week, and the concept seems to have been spackled into the show's self-contradicting mythology by online fans seeking a pattern. It was only in season three that the writers, probably reacting to online speculation, began to consciously deal with Legion. " seems quite biased and subjective. I don't know anything about this series, but I suggest someone familiar with it re-write for objectivity. Or, if this is objective, expand and provide citation. -Thucydides
 * The problem is, it was Lucy Butler who may or may not have been the demon who called himself Legion. But, it was Lucy Butler who did most of the things attributed to Legion in the character section. Legion wasn't a major player for most of the series, if the judge was really Legion at all. (StarkeRealm 10:05, 14 October 2007 (UTC))

Inspiration for Frank Black character
Dogmo1001 (talk) 19:07, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

I've long wondered if one source of inspiration for the Frank Black character might not have been forensic anthropologist, William Haglund, known for his work as a lead forensic investigator in the Seattle area mass murders known as the Green River slayings, his work with he UN war crimes investigations in Bosnia and Rwanda, and his advocacy work for the group Physicians for Human Rights. Haglund was a graduate assistant/team teacher at Cal State Long Beach during the period that Carter was an undergrad and I believe they knew each other socially. (Haglund hosted a series of Tuesday night blugrass/BS sessions for years and I believe Carter attended a number of them in the later part of the 70s.) Elements of Haglund's life story match some of those of "Frank Black," including the murder of his mother when he was a young child. Also, one of the three "Lone Gunment" from the X-Files, Dean Haglund, shares that not entirely common family name -- and looks more than a little like William Haglund. Of course, maybe it's all mysterious coincidence. LOL.

"Frank Black, the Millennium character, named after the musician." Really ? Frank Black was named after Charles Thompson's stage name ? mymy 20:00 18 january 2008

Looking for help writing an article about the spin-offs and crossovers of this series
I am writing an article about all of the series which are in the same shared reality as this one through spin-offs and crossovers. I could use a little help expanding the article since it is currently extremely dense and a bit jumbled with some sentence structures being extremely repetitive. I would like to be able to put this article into article space soon. Any and all help in writing the article would be appreciated, even a comment or two on the talk page would help. Please give it a read through, also please do not comment here since I do not have all of the series on my watch list. - LA @ 17:09, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Books
Weren't only two ever released, not five? Шизомби (talk) 01:26, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

I was able to find reference to four books at http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/series/millennium and the fifth book at http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/k/victor-koman/weeds.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.139.35.250 (talk) 15:31, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

Rawreader
Rawreader had edited out a large chunk of material without discussion. The material removed was from a major source of Millennium which was not opinion but indeed culled from the statements of the series producer Chris Carter. Rawreader should be a bit more diplomatic about his/her edits when other members have obviously invested alot of time here. Saying 'I have possession of the edits is not only unethical but a bit untrustworthy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.248.146.160 (talk) 22:09, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

What is this nonsense, I've got the edits supposed to mean? You just take edits without discussion Rawreader? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.28.91.186 (talk) 00:05, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

WTF?
Who are the picture Nazis who have made the only point of their miserable existence to go after pictures that I placed here? Before you place a removal for fair use on the pictures, why not have the common decency to discuss it first? Then you might realize that your overeagerness and lack of control were wrong and that the pictures were in fair use? Moron. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.253.173.90 (talk) 17:59, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

Casting
Whenever I see a quote with that many comma splices in it, I wonder if the quoted person wrote it down that way, or if it's the result of an inept transcriber. rowley (talk) 18:32, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

Possible move
There is a suggestion at Talk:Millennium (miniseries) that that page is moved to Millennium (2010 TV series). As this would mean that this page would need additional disambiguation, does anyone have anything to add there? --Rob Sinden (talk) 20:48, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

TV spin-offs that time forgot
http://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/tv/tv-spin-offs-that-time-forgot/ss-BBd9EdD?ocid=mailsignout says 'The X-Files'... '90s sci-fi phenomenon spawned two spin-offs: the successful paranormal drama "Millennium," and another less-successful series, which lasted only 13 episodes.

Compare/Contrast:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Millennium_(TV_series)#Is_Millenium_really_a_spin-off_of_the_X-Files.3F
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_X-Files#Is_Millenium_really_a_spin-off_of_The_X-Files.3F
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_X-Files#Millennium_as_spin-off
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_X-Files#How_Can_X-Files_and_Millennium_Be_in_the_Same_Universe.3F

i have seen none of the three shows.

--70.17.201.156 (talk) 23:16, 9 December 2014 (UTC)

Congratulations
Congratulations on making it to today's listing on the "Did You Know..." section of Wikipedia Main Page. The process of making it the listing takes a bit of effort and involves the quick cooperation of many editors. All involved deserve recognition, appreciation, thanks and applause.
 * Best Regards,
 *  Bfpage |leave a message 17:05, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Millennium (TV series)


text:
Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)

The Commissioner of Police heads the Hong Kong Police Force and, in accordance with Section 4 of the Police Force Ordinance, reports to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and the Security Bureau. As of June 2021, the current commissioner is Raymond Siu Chak-Yee, appointed by the State Council of China.

Officers in command
Commissioners of Police currently are mandated to retire before they reach the age of 57, but may be extended upon exceptional circumstances.

Early heads were often military officers or had previous policing experience in the United Kingdom or other British colonies. Many joined the Force in senior command postings before their promotions. Li is the only Commissioner to rise from lower ranks (as Probationary Sub-Inspector) and Hui joined as a probationary Inspector.

title: Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)


text:
Rayburn House Office Building

The Rayburn House Office Building (RHOB) is a congressional office building for the U.S. House of Representatives in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C., between South Capitol Street and First Street.

Rayburn is named after former speaker of the House Sam Rayburn. It was completed in 1965 and at 2.375 million square feet (220,644 m2) is the largest congressional office building.

History
Rayburn was completed in early 1965 and is home to the offices of 169 representatives.

Earlier efforts to provide space for the House of Representatives had included the construction of the Cannon House Office Building and the Longworth House Office Building. In March 1955, House speaker Sam Rayburn introduced an amendment for a third House office building, although no site had been identified, no architectural study had been done, and no plans prepared.

The area west of the Longworth Building on squares 635 and 636 was chosen, with the main entrance on Independence Avenue and garage and pedestrian entrances on South Capitol Street, C Street, and First Street Southwest. The cornerstone was laid in May 1962, and full occupancy began in February 1965.

Architecture

The Architect of the Capitol, J. George Stewart, with the approval of the House Office Building Commission, selected the firm of Harbeson, Hough, Livingston & Larson of Philadelphia to design a stripped-down classical building in architectural harmony with other Capitol Hill structures. However, while the interior design of the other House Office Buildings retains decor one would expect to see in House Office Buildings (with cherry wood paneling, brass railings, and marble floors), the Rayburn building possesses design style parallel to that of the 1960s, with chrome push bars, clocks, and elevators, and space-age fluorescent lighting fixtures.

The Capitol Subway System, an underground transportation system, connects the building to the Capitol. Pedestrian tunnels also connect the Rayburn building to the Capitol and to the Longworth House Office Building. This system allows the Rayburn building to be connected to most of the Congressional office buildings on Capitol Hill via tunnel (the Ford House Office Building is freestanding and attached to no other structures by tunnel).

For construction of the Rayburn House Office Building, the Congressional bill appropriated $2 million plus "such additional sums as may be necessary." Such additional sums eventually exceeded $99 million. Congressional leaders inserted a gymnasium into the building plans, a fact that was not publicly known at the time of construction. The gym is below the sub-basement level, in a level of the underground parking garage, and according to The Hill, a newspaper focused on Capitol Hill, "features dozens of cardio machines outfitted with TV screens, an array of Cybex weightlifting machines and free weights." Also in the third floor basement is a shooting range run by the U.S. Capitol Police and a basketball court.

FBI raid
On May 20, 2006 FBI agents raided the Rayburn Building office of Democratic Congressman William J. Jefferson in connection to an ongoing bribery investigation, marking the first time the FBI had raided the office of a sitting congressman. The raid led to members of both parties questioning the constitutionality of the action, and a subsequent hearing by the House Judiciary Committee. The legality of the raid was challenged in court, where a federal appeals court ruled that the FBI had violated the Speech or Debate clause of the United States Constitution by allowing the executive branch to review materials that were part of the legislative process.

2006 shooting reports
On May 26, 2006, at 10:30 am local time, there were reports of the sounds of gunfire in the garage of the building. The Capitol complex was sealed off, and staff in the building were told to stay in their offices after the building was put into lockdown by the United States Capitol Police. Some parts of the lockdown were removed, though other areas remained sealed.

Congressman Jim Saxton was reportedly the source of the false alarm, after he mistook construction sounds in the garage for gunfire.

title: Rayburn House Office Building


text:
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