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The Boogeyman (wrestler)

Martin Wright (born July 15, 1964), better known by the ring name The Boogeyman, is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE under a legends contract, and is an aerobics instructor.

Tough Enough and Ohio Valley Wrestling (2004–2005)
Wright first entered the world of professional wrestling to take part in the fourth season of the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) produced reality television competition Tough Enough. On October 15, 2004, he attended the two-day event in Venice Beach, California, where he was among eight finalists chosen. After surviving the first day of eliminations he admitted that he was actually 40 years old—five years over the competition's cut off point—and not 30 as he'd claimed. As a result, he was cut from the competition.

Though he had been cut from Tough Enough, WWE officials invited him to come to their developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) for possible training. He trained between January and June 2005, making his OVW debut on June 25, 2005. During a dark match pitting the team of Seth Skyfire and Robert Fury against Robbie Dawber and his partner, Wright entered the ring and squashed all three men, no-selling the offense of Skyfire in the process. He then announced that he was "The Boogeyman" before leaving the building. The Boogeyman gimmick further evolved into a "monster" face who would appear when another wrestler said his name and attack him, while not selling any offense he received.

SmackDown! (2005–2007)
On the July 11, 2005 episode of Raw, horror movie-style vignettes began airing to promote the debut of his "The Boogeyman" gimmick, a horror-themed, disturbing, worm-devouring, Beetlejuice-like freak of nature. After a few weeks, the vignettes were moved from Raw to SmackDown!, but the planned debut was delayed when Wright hyperextended both knees and needed time to recover. He made his debut on the October 14, 2005 episode of SmackDown!, being brought in by network executive Palmer Canon as part of a "new talent initiative". The storyline referenced to vignettes months ago as promos for a television series on the network called "The Boogeyman". The show was cancelled before it could air, but they still had the actor under contract, so he was brought to SmackDown! to wrestle. The Boogeyman then proceeded to recite a modified version of the chant One, two, Freddy's coming for you  from the movie A Nightmare on Elm Street before smashing an oversized alarm clock on his own head. For the next few weeks, The Boogeyman appeared in unexpected places backstage (closets, vans, et cetera), reciting different nursery rhymes and holding up clocks before screaming his catchphrase "I'm The Boogeyman and I'm comin' to get'cha!" and laughing maniacally.

At Survivor Series, The Boogeyman helped SmackDown! general manager Theodore Long defeat his Raw counterpart, Eric Bischoff. He made his official in-ring debut on the December 2 episode of SmackDown!, defeating Simon Dean in a squash. During this match, he took a handful of live worms from his pocket and stuffed them into his mouth. Over the next few weeks, Boogeyman's opponents were generally "flattened" in the ring, left with worms in their mouths and/or spit on their faces. His official pay-per-view debut was at December's Armageddon when he came to the ring to confront Vito and Nunzio who were dressed as Santa Claus and an elf.

Boogeyman's first major feud occurred with John Bradshaw Layfield (JBL) and his "fixer" Jillian Hall, and it began when he stalked the duo throughout a number of shows. During the January 6 episode of SmackDown!, he caught a fleeing Hall and shoved worms down the back of her skirt. On the January 13 taping of SmackDown!, during a Piper's Pit segment, The Boogeyman not only sniffed a "growth" on Jillian's face, but then licked it, bit it off and ate it. The Boogeyman faced JBL at the Royal Rumble, winning in under two minutes.

After defeating The Dicks in a handicap match on the February 24 episode of SmackDown!, The Boogeyman dumped a bucket of worms on the announce table, frightening special guest commentators Booker T and his wife Sharmell. The Boogeyman subsequently began to stalk Booker T and Sharmell over the next few weeks. He and Booker T were set to face off on the March 18 Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII, but the match was canceled due to Booker T faking a knee injury to escape competition. The feud eventually culminated at WrestleMania 22, with The Boogeyman defeating Booker T and Sharmell in a handicap match. During the match, Boogeyman kissed Sharmell with a mouthful of worms. The match had to be cut short because of a biceps tear at a house show. To explain his absence to rehab his injury, Booker T and Sharmell obtained a restraining order against The Boogeyman on the April 7 episode of SmackDown!.

As SummerSlam approached, The Boogeyman began appearing in TV spots to promote the event. Vignettes also began airing advertising his return to SmackDown!. On September 20, WWE.com reported that Wright had been released from the company, however, on October 6, WWE.com announced that Wright had re-signed with the company and would be sent to be trained at Booker T and Stevie Ray's wrestling school in Houston, Texas. Wright returned on the October 27 episode of SmackDown!, attacking and spitting worms into the faces of The Miz and Kristal Marshall. During the feud he again terrorized and stalked his opponents, and eventually ended The Miz's undefeated streak at the Armageddon pay-per-view on December 17.

Wright then feuded with Finlay, who ended The Boogeyman's undefeated streak when Hornswoggle interfered. On the February 2 edition of SmackDown! during a match against Chris Benoit for the WWE United States Championship, Boogeyman abducted Hornswoggle, distracting Finlay and giving Benoit a chance to win the match with a roll-up. On the February 16 edition of SmackDown! The Boogeyman appeared with a little person of his own, Little Boogeyman, who was portrayed by an actor named Chris Hollyfield. His purpose was to counteract Hornswoggle, who was proving a problem in one-on-one matches with Finlay. The Boogeyman and the Little Boogeyman lost to Finlay and Hornswoggle in a mixed tag team match at No Way Out. The team lost a rematch the following week on SmackDown!; Little Boogeyman was pinned by Finlay, after Wright had chased away Hornswoggle.

On OVW's 400th anniversary show, The Boogeyman made an appearance, losing to Ryan Wilson in a tables match. The Boogeyman returned to in ring action when teamed with Kane during his feud with William Regal and Dave Taylor. This also marked the return of Little Boogeyman. The feud would be short lived as Boogeyman and Little Boogeyman would then start another feud with Finlay and Hornswoggle. Boogeyman and Little Boogeyman were defeated in a mixed tag match by Finlay and Hornswoggle at Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIV on June 2.

The Boogeyman ended his tenure on SmackDown! with a loss to Mark Henry in a squash match, as part of Henry's new "Path of Destruction" gimmick. After that match, Mark Henry then beat up Little Boogeyman who was at ringside, and Henry gave him a body splash, (kayfabe) severely injuring him.

ECW and departure (2007–2009)
On the June 11 edition of Raw, The Boogeyman was drafted to the ECW brand in the annual WWE draft. The next day he debuted for the brand and defeated Matt Striker, beginning a feud with him. On July 10 in New Orleans, The Boogeyman was a guest during a Striker's Classroom segment, ostensibly to be educated on worms, only to be attacked by Striker's debuting enforcer, Big Daddy V. The Boogeyman was not seen for the next three weeks, finally re-emerging on the July 31 episode—with a new face paint design and black contact lenses—to scare Big Daddy V off after he finished a match. Boogeyman was taken out by Big Daddy V from behind after a distraction from Striker a week later.

On the August 14 episode of ECW, Boogeyman scored a disqualification victory over ECW Champion John Morrison after Morrison shoved the referee. Boogeyman went on to successfully team with CM Punk at Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV on August 18 against Morrison and Big Daddy V. On the August 28 episode of ECW, Boogeyman was one of the participants in the Fatal Four Way match for a shot at Morrison's title; however, CM Punk was the victor. On September 4, on ECW, Boogeyman defeated Matt Striker by disqualification when Big Daddy V interfered, and went on to hit Boogeyman with a ghetto drop on the outside of the ring. On the September 18 episode of ECW, Boogeyman and Big Daddy V finally faced off in their first one-on-one match, which Boogeyman lost.

Boogeyman's return to wrestling action was initially delayed due to a torn calf muscle, but it had also been reported that he was having dental surgery done to replace missing teeth. On the October 7 episode of ECW a vignette was aired promoting The Boogeyman's return. Additional vignettes aired for a few weeks after that. On the October 13, 2008 edition of Raw, The Boogeyman made his return, appearing during a segment with Jackass's Johnny Knoxville, Chris Pontius, and Big Dick Johnson ending with The Boogeyman bringing live worms out of a bag and after putting them in his own mouth spat them into the mouth of Pontius.

The Boogeyman made his ECW return on the November 25 episode, in a segment with John Morrison and the Miz. He made his return to in ring competition on December 9 against Scott Reed, a local talent, who he defeated with ease. On the December 30 episode of ECW, he lost to John Morrison and The Miz in a No DQ match with Finlay as his partner. On the January 20, 2009 edition of ECW, he defeated Paul Burchill by disqualification, his first victory over a non-enhancement talent since returning to the brand. His last appearance on WWE programming was on the March 3 episode of ECW where he lost in a match against Kane. The next day on March 4, 2009, WWE announced that they had released Wright from his WWE contract.

Independent circuit (2010–present)
After WWE, Wright returned to the Pro Wrestling Alliance using his Boogeyman gimmick. He wrestled at the Cyberstarz event of Millennium Wrestling Federation in February 2012, where he defeated Lukas Sharp.

Return to WWE (2012–present)
On the December 16, 2012 episode of Raw, Wright returned as The Boogeyman during the Slammy Awards, sneaking up on former rival Booker T.

Boogeyman appeared in Halloween themed videos on the WWE YouTube channel in both November 2013 and October 2014. On the December 22, 2014 episode of Raw, Boogeyman appeared in a segment on the WWE App.

On January 25, 2015, at the Royal Rumble, Boogeyman entered the Royal Rumble match as a surprise entrant at number 7, marking his first WWE in–ring performance in almost six years, but he was quickly eliminated by Bray Wyatt. On November 6, it was announced that Wright has signed a legends contract (a long-term deal to make infrequent, non-wrestling appearances) with WWE. On January 22, 2018, Boogeyman made an appearance on Raw 25 Years. On July 22, 2019, Boogeyman appeared at the Raw Reunion show, and scared Drake Maverick in the locker room, helping Pat Patterson pin Maverick and win the WWE 24/7 Championship.

On January 4, 2021, Boogeyman once again appeared on the Raw Legends Night special and scared 24/7 Champion Angel Garza, allowing R-Truth to pin him and win the title.

Personal life
As of 2018, Wright was working as an aerobics instructor in Denver, Colorado. Wright has his own training facility in Boulder, Colorado, from which he regularly posts videos of himself helping others lose weight and get in shape.

Other media
In January 2013, Wright appeared on two short promos featuring Bobby Lashley to promote Lashley's family fitness center in Aurora, Colorado named American Top Team Altitude.

In 2015, Wright appeared in two episodes of the WWE Network series, Swerved, a hidden camera prank show by Jackass co-creator Jeff Tremaine. In 2018, he appeared on the House Hardy Halloween special that aired on WWE Network.

Wright made his video game debut as a playable character in WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007 and also appeared in WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009, WWE Legends of WrestleMania, WWE SuperCard, WWE Champions, WWE 2K Battlegrounds (as DLC), WWE 2K22 (as DLC), WWE 2K23 and WWE 2K24.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Alabama Wrestling Federation
 * AWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Bobby Lashley
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Rookie of the Year (2006)
 * Ranked No. 114 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2007

title: The Boogeyman (wrestler)


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User talk:152.216.11.5

Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice, provided that it is appropriate.
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you.
 * The ability to start new pages.
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to edit semi-protected pages.
 * The ability to upload images.
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website.
 * The eligibility to become an administrator.
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope you enjoy your time here on Wikipedia and that you choose to become a Wikipedian by  [ creating an account] . Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, you should sign your name to your posts and comments with ~~~~. ‡  Jarlaxle   20:09, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism
You've vandalised Matt Wiese twice now. Please stop. McPhail 20:18, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

I have reverted a recent edit you made to the article Thiel College. You did not provide an edit summary, and I could not determine whether the edit was vandalism or a constructive contribution. In the future, please use edit summaries. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. Xyra e  l  T 19:52, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I also have reverted a recent edit made to the article Alomari. There was no explanation of why you erased a translation tag. This is the english wikipedia so it was appropriate for me to label it as such. If you wish to discuss this go to the page listed on the tag. Thank you. Lsjzl 17:22, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

More vandalism
Thank you for experimenting with the page User talk:Evrik on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. --evrik 01:39, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Bahá'í division page
Hello, as much as I'm on your side regarding your edits to the Bahá'í division page, we must strive to be as neutral in the presentation of the article. The article has to just present facts, and not conclusions or interpretations. Regards. -- Jeff3000 19:24, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --nkayesmith 11:27, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Monsters of Rock page
I reverted your edit of Monsters of Rock because your comment ("This is not correct, I was there and it was Queensryche and not Pantera who performed") did not belong on the main page. You appear to have removed it and added other information while I was trying to figure out what I was doing - I apologize for the edit conflict.

Beezhive 04:46, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Talk page
Please don't edit other people's comments, it's considered vandalism. -- Jeff3000 22:05, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

An Automated Message from HagermanBot
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your name and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you! HagermanBot 15:18, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Oguz1
FYI This appears to be the IP address of User:Oguz1. --Macrakis 18:20, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It's a proxy server, it's the IP of many, many, many people, and you are stalking. Get a job.

 * you just broke the Wiki privacy rule!!!

Wikimedia privacy policy On Wikimedia projects, privacy policy considerations are of tremendous importance. Unless someone is definitely violating policy with their actions (e.g. massive bot vandalism or spam), revealing their IP, whereabouts or other information sufficient to identify them is likely a violation.

Policy on release of data derived from page logs It is the policy of Wikimedia that personally identifiable data collected in the server logs will not be released by the developers who have access to it, except as follows: In response to a valid subpoena or other compulsory request from law enforcement With permission of the affected user To the chair of Wikimedia Foundation, his legal counsel, or his designee, when necessary for investigation of abuse complaints. Where the information pertains to page views generated by a spider or bot and its dissemination is necessary to illustrate or resolve technical issues. Where the user has been vandalising pages or persistently behaving in a disruptive way, data may be released to assist in the targeting of IP blocks, or to assist in the formulation of a complaint to relevant Internet Service Providers Where it is reasonably necessary to protect the rights, property or safety of the Wikimedia Foundation, its users or the public. Wikimedia policy does not permit public distribution of such information under any circumstances, except as described above.

http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CheckUser#CheckUser_status —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Oguz1 (talk • contribs) 19:09, 23 January 2007 (UTC).

 * I broke no rules, and certainly didn't access any non-public information (like server logs). On my talk page, 152.216.11.5 wrote that he had done something which was something Oguz1 had done.  Assuming no one is lying, that means that Oguz1 uses 152.216.11.5 -- it does not mean that other people don't, too. --Macrakis 19:38, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Turkish coffee
Uhh...why would I block someone just because he's not adding information to the article? He's reverting edits that he feels go against consensus established at the article's talk page, or material he feels is too POV.  Nish kid 64  20:55, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Leonard McCoy
Please stop. If you continue to violate Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy by adding commentary and your personal analysis into articles, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --Nlu (talk) 22:34, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

a good idea
Please sign your articles by pressing the signerature button before you save changes in a disgussion. thanks. --98.151.241.73 (talk) 04:18, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

September 2012
Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for reverting your recent experiment with the page Bank of New York. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Shearonink (talk) 17:08, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

April 2013
Hello, I'm Widr. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Narrative mode because it didn't appear constructive. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Widr (talk) 15:47, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Hello, I'm Yintan. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Flat tax, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Yintan ²   21:17, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

September 2013
Hello, I'm MusikAnimal. I noticed that you recently removed some content from Total factor productivity, with this edit, without explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry, the removed content has been restored. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. — MusikAnimal talk 17:03, 18 September 2013 (UTC)

April 2014
Please do not remove content or templates from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to Alex Haley, without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear constructive and has been reverted. Please make use of the sandbox if you'd like to experiment with test edits. Thank you. -- Shrikesong (talk) 16:27, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

May 2014
Please do not remove content or templates from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to Alex Haley, without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear constructive and has been reverted. Please make use of the sandbox if you'd like to experiment with test edits. Thank you. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 19:00, 21 May 2014 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to remove portions of page content, templates or other materials from Wikipedia, as you did to Alex Haley with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Petrb (talk) 13:41, 22 May 2014 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you disrupt Wikipedia, as you did at Alex Haley with this edit, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Petrb (talk) 13:45, 22 May 2014 (UTC)

October 2014
Hello, I'm Donner60. I noticed that you made a change to an article, Spice, but you didn't provide a source. I’ve removed it for now, but if you’d like to include a citation to a reliable source and re-add it, please do so! If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Donner60 (talk) 20:50, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

November 2017
Hello, I'm LakesideMiners. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Geek Pride Day— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Lakeside Out!-LakesideMiners 17:39, 14 November 2017 (UTC)

September 2021
Hello, I'm WikiLinuz. I noticed that you recently removed content from Sons of Liberty without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page.   — Wiki Linuz  ( 💬 ) 13:32, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:Rime Center Buddhist Community
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If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 12:02, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:152.216.11.5


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Mission San Francisco de la Espada

Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain and relocated in 1731 to present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain. The mission was built in order to convert local Native Americans to Christianity and solidify Spanish territorial claims in the New World against encroachment from France. Today, the structure is one of four missions that comprise San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.

History
Founded in 1690 as San Francisco de los Tejas near Weches, Texas, and southwest of present-day Alto, Texas, Mission San Francisco de la Espada was the second mission established in Texas.

Three priests, three soldiers and supplies were left among the Nabedache Indians. The new mission was dedicated on June 1, 1690. A smallpox epidemic in the winter of 1690–1691 killed an estimated 3,300 people in the area. The Nabedache believed the Spaniards brought the disease and hostilities developed between the two groups.

Drought besieged the mission in the summers of 1691 and 1692, and the Nabedache wished to get rid of the mission. Under threat of personal attack, the priests began packing their belongings in the fall of 1693. On October 25, 1693, the padres burned the mission and retreated toward Monclova. The party lost its way and did not reach Monclova until February 17, 1694.

The mission was re-established in the same area on July 5, 1716, by the Domingo Ramón-St. Denis expedition. It was named as Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas. The new mission had to be abandoned in 1719 because of conflict between Spain and France.

The mission was tried once more on August 5, 1721, as San Francisco de los Neches. As the Nabedache were no longer interested in the mission, and France had abandoned effort to lay claim in the area, the mission was temporarily relocated along the Colorado River in July 1730. Mission Tejas State Park encompasses the original site of the mission.

The mission relocated to its current location in the San Antonio River area (coordinates 29.3177°, -98.4498°) in March 1731 and was renamed San Francisco de la Espada. A friary was built in 1745, and the church was completed in 1756. The relocation was in part inspired by fears of French encroachment and need for more missionaries to tend to San Antonio de Bexar's Indian population. The mission encountered great difficulties in presiding over the Indian population and experienced common rebellious activity.

Several modern churches have been architecturally based on the design of this mission, including St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Wimberley, Texas, north of San Antonio.

Rancho de las Cabras
Rancho de las Cabras was established between 1750 and 1760, 30 mi southeast of San Antonio de Bexar under the jurisdiction of Mission Espada, so as to provide land for cultivation of crops and livestock for the Mission's population without intruding on private lands. The ranch was primarily made up by low fences and thatched buildings known as jacales for the native workforce to inhabit. According to ethno-historian T.N. Campbell, the ranch was likely constructed by Indians not native to Texas. It is listed separately as part of the World Heritage Site.

Espada Acequia

Mission San Francisco de la Espada's acequia and aqueduct can still be seen today. The main ditch continues to carry water to the mission and its former farm lands. This water is still used by residents living on these neighboring lands.

The use of acequias was originally brought to the arid regions of Spain and Portugal by the Romans and the Moors. When Franciscan missionaries arrived in the desert Southwest they found the system worked well in the hot, dry environment.

In order to distribute water to the missions along the San Antonio River, Franciscan missionaries oversaw the construction of seven gravity-flow ditches, dams, and at least one aqueduct – a 15 mi network that irrigated approximately 3500 acre of land.

title: Mission San Francisco de la Espada


text:
Eleutheran Adventurers

The Eleutheran Adventurers were a group of English Puritans and religious Independents who left Bermuda to settle on the island of Eleuthera in The Bahamas in the late 1640s. The small group of Puritan settlers, led by William Sayle, were expelled from Bermuda for their failure to swear allegiance to the Crown and left in search of a place in which they could freely practice their faith. This group represented the first concerted European effort to colonize the Bahamas.

Background
The mid-17th century was a period of destruction and turmoil in England, culminating in the English Civil War. The first part of the conflict was fought between King Charles I and the Parliament of England and led ultimately to the Protectorship of the Puritan General Oliver Cromwell. This conflict spread to Bermuda, where a period of civil strife resulted in a victory for the supporters of the royalist party, known as Cavaliers. The struggle eventually led to the expulsion of the colony's Puritans and independents to the Bahamas, which the English had laid claim to in 1629 but had not permanently settled. Earlier in 1644, the Bermudian independent Puritans had sent an expedition to explore these new islands.

Establishment of the colony
Sometime between spring 1646 and autumn 1648, Sayle took 70 people to settle in the Bahamas. They made landfall on the island called Cigateo, which they named Eleutheria, from the Greek word for "freedom", although the name later became Eleuthera. The island's original inhabitants, the Lucayans, had been decimated through the slaving activities of the Spanish and the numerous European diseases, especially smallpox, that followed.

Sayle and his assistant Captain Butler were the persons who began a voyage to The Bahamas in two different vessels. Sayle's vessel was called the William. During the voyage Butler and Sayle had an argument with each other about what religious freedom means. As a solution to this problem, Sayle left Butler and went forward to reach the Bahamian Islands. The settlers ran into trouble before they even landed, when they encountered a storm and their ship ran aground onto rocks, later called the Devil's Backbone, north of Spanish Wells. The adventurers found their way ashore and took refuge in what was later called Preacher's Cave, where a religious service was held every year for the next 100 years on the anniversary in thankfulness for their survival. However, although the settlers had shelter, they had lost their provisions so they had no food.

Sayle took eight men in a small boat and went to Virginia to find help, where he got a ship and supplies and went to relieve the others. More colonists expelled from Bermuda arrived in 1649 and also faced the predicament of inadequate supplies. This time it was the sympathetic Puritans of New England who rallied to their cause and collected £800 for all the supplies they needed, allowing the colony to survive. The Eleutheran people showed their thankfulness by sending the ship back to Boston filled with Braziletto wood, with instructions to sell it and donate the proceeds to Harvard University.

Another source of trouble for the colony was dissent within its ranks from the beginning. Before they had even landed, Butler made so many problems by refusing to accept authority, that Sayle and others were obliged to find another island. They named the island they moved to Sayle Island, which was later renamed New Providence. The colony was not an immediate success in economic terms. Its soil yielded little production, and the settlers barely got by during their first years, being obliged to live by salvaging what they could from shipwrecks. Sayle was able to secure supplies from the mainland colonies. Despite this, the colony did not do much better in the following years, and in the end only a few hardcore settlers from the original Eleutherans were left.

Sayle went on to become governor of South Carolina, but he continued to have a vested personal interest in Eleuthera. He used this influence to secure some trade for the island and so helped the community through its infancy. This episode is thought to be the historical source of Andrew Marvell's poem "Bermudas," written in praise of the Puritan settlers of the New World, and one of the earliest statements of the so-called "American Dream". According to the Norton Anthology of English Literature (7th ed., p. 1686), "The poem was probably written after 1653, when Marvell took up residence in the house of John Oxenbridge, who had twice visited the Bermudas."

Articles of 1647
The colony was to be governed by the Articles and Orders of 1647, drawn up by Sayle. The articles reflect the ambiguities of the English Civil War taking place at that time between Cavaliers and Roundheads. Therefore, while the preamble refers to the Raign of our Soveraign Lord Charles, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland; Defender of the Faith, &c, the articles make clear that the new settlement was to be effectively independent, making no further mention of the Crown. On the contrary, the articles speak of the rules governing the Members of the Republick and the Magistracie or officers of the Republicke. The articles established freedom of religion and opinion, three hundred acres of land per settler, governance under a governor and twelve councillors chosen from a senate composed of the first 100 settlers, and humane treatment of any indigenous people still on the island. It has been noted that if Sayle's settlement had been successful, then he would have created in the Bahamas "the first democratic state in the New World", some 130 years before the American Revolution.

title: Eleutheran Adventurers


text:
Talk:BBC 2W

Language
"2W broadcasts primarily in English" -- primarily? When does it not broadcast in English? Serious question, as I do watch it, and I honestly don't recall any other languages on it. --Telsa 20:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If you're watching it analogue-sourced - and that includes many cable systems - its just BBC 2 for Wales not BBC 2W; so little to no Welsh programming. --Kiand 20:05, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * BBC 2W (Digital on Freeview/Sky Digital etc.) carries no Welsh programming. All the BBC's welsh language programming is on S4C (e.g. Pobol Y Cwm) Alexj2002 17:13, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

Differences with BBC Two Wales
The article needs some explanation of the differences between BBC 2W (digital) and BBC Two Wales (analogue). Is it just a naming difference or are different programmes occasionally shown? Rugxulo 22:32, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Good point. Yes, it can (and generally does) show entirely different programmes. I'll try to put something together about that. --Telsa 09:40, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I am finding it really difficult to find anything explaining the whole set-up, actually. I know that I get "and now, we switch to 2W. BBC Two Wales will show ... (whatever) and here on 2W it's time for... (something else)", but neither the BBC leaflets I picked up recently nor the website are terribly good at providing an overview. Do the two channels co-operate, do they sell programmes between each other, is it my imagination that 2W programmes show up on BBC1 in Wales months later? Is BBC Two Wales at all different from BBC Two (generally)? Other than the BBC Two article, where is any of this recorded in a form we can reference? Waah. --Telsa 11:45, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Viewers unhappy?
Removed the two new sentences to here for now:

 * However, many viewers are unhappy about this service, as it replaces many shows on the regular BBC2, which are sometimes rescheduled at poor times, or not shown at all. -- We need a cite for this. How many viewers? Where did they say this? (Also, we already say that it replaces BBC Two anyway.)

 * While the English variant of BBC2 is also available on NTL, Telewest & Sky Digital, it is not availible on Freeview. -- It's not clear here what "the English variant of BBC2 is" -- BBC Two, I presume -- but if it is not 2W, is it actually relevant to this particular article?

--Telsa 11:45, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Image in Infobox
This image seems a bit blurred, should be it replaced with a better image?

pjb007 22:33, 22 February 2006 (UTC) (not signed in when posted)

BBC2W (no spaces) now redirects here.
As I noticed BBC2W as an (alternative) way to write this, and as it previously just had nothing there, BBC2W now is a redirector. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sslaxx (talk • contribs) 14:43, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:BBC 2W


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Talk:Sozzled

This page should be deleted. It is really a dictionary entry rather than an encyclopedia entry. Nothing links here. — DanMS 20:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sozzled


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User:Mpagano

I am Miguel Pagano. I am a graduate student at Fa.M.A.F. in Córdoba, Argentina.

title: User:Mpagano


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A.W.A. "Artie" Phair

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 07:06, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

A.W.A. "Artie" Phair
It seems someone has been writing a history of their small town, and Artie here was a coroner and merchant, and friend of some other guy. Also a "noted" chronicler and photographer, though "noted" is highly subjective. Google isn't great for guys like this, and both "Artie Phair" and "A W A Phair" got me very few hits, several wikipedia. Those that weren't were generally photo credits, which any professional photographer will have. I don't see anything about this guy that seems at all encyclopedic. Minor fellow in a minor town. -R. fiend 20:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per R. fiend. Dcarrano 20:46, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep What's wrong with having entries like this? We can't judge everything by the almighty Google, which seems like all Wikipedians ever do. Who's to say that the history of this small town is less interesting or "encyclopedic" than the history of a town that has info up on the net and will get you Google results? royblumy 00:11, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The guy didn't do anything in the town. No one is objecting to the Lillooet article.  Dcarrano 00:09, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * My point was that he was a professional photographer (as verified by the google links), so why is that considered "not doing anything" just because the photos were of a relatively unknown small town? In other words, though he might not be a notable photographer, he seems to be a notable part of that town's history. Maybe include him in the Lillooet article instead? royblumy 01:13, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * I just don't see how we know he's a "notable part of that town's history." Because this article says he was "noted", with no proof of that within the article or anywhere, and which is a weasel word to begin with?  Because he had intellectual-type interests like "historian" and "photographer," instead of being a butcher, baker or candlestick maker?  To include, in an article about a city, mention of an everyday working person who lived in that city would be very weird.  Giving that guy his own article would be even more weird.  Those are what we appear to be dealing with here, IMO.  Dcarrano 02:57, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * You might want to go and explicitly change your vote if that's what you want. -Splash 02:25, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Lillooet, British Columbia as royblumy suggests. -Splash 02:25, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per R.Fiend. Radiant_ >|< 09:48, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Radiant. JamesBurns 09:57, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Artemisium

Artemisium or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον) is a cape in northern Euboea, Greece. The hollow cast bronze statue of Zeus or Poseidon, known as the Artemision Bronze, was found off this cape in a sunken ship, as was the Jockey of Artemision, a bronze statue of a racehorse and its jockey.

The Battle of Artemisium, a series of naval engagements over three days during the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, simultaneously with the more famous land battle at Thermopylae, took place here. Part of the action of the film 300: Rise of an Empire was loosely based on this battle.

Archaeology
In 1928, an Ancient Greek shipwreck at the site was found containing artefacts including the Artemision Bronze, a statue either of Zeus or Poseidon, and the Jockey of Artemision, a bronze statue of a racehorse and its rider.

In September 1952, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens made a return visit to the shipwreck, directed by George E. Mylonas, S. A. Dontas and Christos Karouzos. The excavation employed five divers and a sailing boat, the Alkyone, which was used to dredge the sea floor between dives. The project succeeded in re-locating the shipwreck, but did not recover any notable finds.

title: Artemisium


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Cycles and fixed points

In mathematics, the cycles of a permutation $\pi$ of a finite set S correspond bijectively to the orbits of the subgroup generated by π acting on S. These orbits are subsets of S that can be written as $\{ c_{1}, ..., c_{n} \}$, such that

 * $\pi(c_{i}) = c_{i + 1}$ for $i = 1, ..., n − 1$, and $\pi(c_{n}) = c_{1}$.

The corresponding cycle of π is written as ( c1 c2 ... cn ); this expression is not unique since c1 can be chosen to be any element of the orbit.

The size $n$ of the orbit is called the length of the corresponding cycle; when $n = 1$, the single element in the orbit is called a fixed point of the permutation.

A permutation is determined by giving an expression for each of its cycles, and one notation for permutations consist of writing such expressions one after another in some order. For example, let

 * $$ \pi

= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 6 & 7 & 2 & 5 & 4 & 8 & 3 \\ 2 & 8 & 7 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 6 & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ 2 & 4 & 1 & 3 & 5 & 8 & 7 & 6 \end{pmatrix} $$

be a permutation that maps 1 to 2, 6 to 8, etc. Then one may write

 * π = ( 1 2 4 3 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 8 ) (7) = (7) ( 1 2 4 3 ) ( 6 8 ) ( 5 ) = ( 4 3 1 2 ) ( 8 6 ) ( 5 ) (7) = ...

Here 5 and 7 are fixed points of π, since π(5) = 5 and π(7)=7. It is typical, but not necessary, to not write the cycles of length one in such an expression. Thus, π = (1 2 4 3)(6 8), would be an appropriate way to express this permutation.

There are different ways to write a permutation as a list of its cycles, but the number of cycles and their contents are given by the partition of S into orbits, and these are therefore the same for all such expressions.

Counting permutations by number of cycles
The unsigned Stirling number of the first kind, s(k, j) counts the number of permutations of k elements with exactly j disjoint cycles.

Properties

 * (1) For every k > 0 : $s(k, k) = 1.$

 * (2) For every k > 0 : $s(k, 1) = (k − 1)!.$

 * (3) For every k > j > 1, $s(k, j) = s(k − 1,j − 1) + s(k − 1, j)·(k − 1)$

Reasons for properties

 * (1) There is only one way to construct a permutation of k elements with k cycles: Every cycle must have length 1 so every element must be a fixed point.

 * (2.a) Every cycle of length k may be written as permutation of the number 1 to k; there are k! of these permutations.

 * (2.b) There are k different ways to write a given cycle of length k, e.g. ( 1 2 4 3 ) = ( 2 4 3 1 ) = ( 4 3 1 2 ) = ( 3 1 2 4 ).

 * (2.c) Finally: $s(k, 1) = k!/k = (k − 1)!.$

 * (3) There are two different ways to construct a permutation of k elements with j cycles:

 * (3.a) If we want element k to be a fixed point we may choose one of the $s(k − 1, j − 1)$ permutations with $k − 1$ elements and $j − 1$ cycles and add element k as a new cycle of length 1.

 * (3.b) If we want element k not to be a fixed point we may choose one of the $s(k − 1, j )$ permutations with $k − 1$ elements and j cycles and insert element k in an existing cycle in front of one of the $k − 1$ elements.

Counting permutations by number of fixed points
The value $f(k, j)$ counts the number of permutations of k elements with exactly j fixed points. For the main article on this topic, see rencontres numbers.

Properties

 * (1) For every j < 0 or j > k : $f(k, j) = 0.$

 * (2) f(0, 0) = 1.

 * (3) For every k > 1 and k ≥ j ≥ 0, $f(k, j) = f(k − 1, j − 1) + f(k − 1, j)·(k − 1 − j) + f(k − 1, j + 1)·(j + 1)$

Reasons for properties
(3) There are three different methods to construct a permutation of k elements with j fixed points:

 * (3.a) We may choose one of the $f(k − 1, j − 1)$ permutations with $k − 1$ elements and $j − 1$ fixed points and add element k as a new fixed point.

 * (3.b) We may choose one of the $f(k − 1, j)$ permutations with $k − 1$ elements and j fixed points and insert element k in an existing cycle of length > 1 in front of one of the $(k − 1) − j$ elements.

 * (3.c) We may choose one of the $f(k − 1, j + 1)$ permutations with $k − 1$ elements and $j + 1$ fixed points and join element k with one of the $j + 1$ fixed points to a cycle of length 2.

title: Cycles and fixed points


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Talk:Ketone halogenation

stub placed but where is the motivation. Please consider making actual and factual suggestions to make this page readable. V8rik 20:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: CHEM 300
— Assignment last updated by Tiff592 (talk) 00:21, 27 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ketone halogenation


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Talk:Soused

Untitled
This page should be deleted. It is really a dictionary entry rather than an encyclopedia entry. Nothing links here. — DanMS 20:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soused


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Georgios Tsitas

Georgios Tsitas (Γεώργιος Τσίτας, born 1872 in Smyrna, died between 1940 and 1945) was a Greek wrestler. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.

In the first round of the wrestling competition, held in a roughly Greco-Roman format, Tsitas had a bye to guarantee a top three finish before he even had a match. The semifinal pitted Tsitas against fellow Greek Stephanos Christopoulos. Tsitas won the match by throwing Christopoulos. In the final, Tsitas wrestled with Carl Schuhmann of Germany, an exceptional gymnast, for 40 minutes before the match was postponed due to darkness. Tsitas did not last long the following day, being defeated to finish in second place.

Personal life
George Tsitas was born in 1872 in Smyrna but his family had settled in Athens. He was an athlete in the Panellinios G.S. The press of the time reports that his wrestling teacher was Panagis Koutalianos. He had a bakery-confectionery, in the Panhellenic world he had the reputation of "humorist Hercules".

title: Georgios Tsitas


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Queen Sirikit National Convention Center

Queen Sirikit National Convention Center (QSNCC) (Thai: ศูนย์การประชุมแห่งชาติสิริกิติ์) or also known simply as Queen Sirikit Convention Center, is a convention center and exhibition hall in Bangkok, Thailand. The center is regarded as a public asset according to the Thai Ministry of Finance's Treasury Department. However, it has been managed by N.C.C. Management & Development Co., Ltd., a private firm, since its opening in 1991. The QSNCC was built to host events, especially conferences and exhibitions and has hosted numerous international events. The QSNCC is also home to the Plenary Hall, a theatre style hall, which has a capacity of 6,000 persons. It is served by Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre MRT station on the MRT Blue Line.

History
In September 1987, Suthee Singhasaneh, the Minister of Finance, and Kamchorn Sathirakul, the Bank of Thailand Governor jointly signed a deal between the Royal Thai Government and the World Bank/International Monetary Fund (IMF) to host the 46th Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group and IMF in Bangkok between 1 October to 15 October 1991. As a result, the QSNCC was constructed as a sign of Thailand's commitment to host this event. As for the architectural design, a leading Thai architectural firm was assigned to design a structure that reflected Thai culture and heritage for the QSNCC.

To ensure that the center would be completed on time, a design-build delivery system was used and the construction started in 1 November 1989. Construction began with 100 designers and more than 1000 construction workers. The bulk of construction was finished by 30 June 1991, under budget and about two months before the scheduled date of 29 August 1991. It was finished in only 16 months. Projects of this magnitude normally take 40 months.

On 29 August 1991, King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit officially opened the Queen Sirikit National Convention Center. The center was named after Queen Sirikit in honour of her 60th birthday.

The convention center was closed for a 12 billion baht renovation on 26 April 2019 and reopen on 12 September 2022 with three times the original venue space.

On 9 February 2022, Queen Sirikit National Convention Center was selected as the main meeting venue of APEC Thailand 2022 which will be held between 16-19 November 2022.

Expo

 * 46th Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group and IMF
 * 1st ASEAN Seafood Expo & Conference
 * Miss Universe 1992
 * APEC Thailand 2003
 * APEC Thailand 2022
 * Annual National Book Fair
 * Thailand Game Show


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User:Ethan Pemble

Hi.

title: User:Ethan Pemble


text:
User talk:Enigmatick

Hi,

I'm a german wikipedian with a photo request. You don't live in Churchill, Canada, anymore but do you have any chance of taking a photo of one of the remains of Samuel Hearne:

On 1 July 1767 he chiseled his name on smooth, glaciated stone at Sloop's Cove near Fort Prince of Wales where it remains today.

That would be great?

--Carl Steinbeißer (talk) 09:29, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Enigmatick


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Genesee Brewing Company

Genesee Brewing Company is an American brewery located along the Genesee River in Rochester, New York. From 2000 to 2009, the company was known as the High Falls Brewing Company. In 2009, High Falls was acquired by the capital investment firm KPS Capital. Together with newly acquired Labatt USA, KPS merged the two companies as North American Breweries. Along with this change, High Falls Brewery changed its name back to the original "Genesee Brewing Company" operating under the North American Breweries name. In October 2012, North American Breweries was purchased by FIFCO.

In 2012, North American Breweries was the sixth-largest brewing company in America by sales volume.

History
The pre-Prohibition Genesee Brewery was one of many in the noteworthy history of brewing in Rochester, New York. In 1878, local businessman Mathias Kondolf purchased an already existing brewery——Reisky & Spies——organized a stock company, and incorporated it under the name Genesee Brewing Company. That original brewery was first opened in 1856 by Charles Rau, a former brewmaster at Marburger Brothers, a brewery at 80 North Clinton Avenue. Kondolf would also establish the Moerlbach Brewery on Emerson Street in 1909, which operated until Prohibition.

In 1889 a group of English investors purchased stock in three different Rochester breweries—Genesee Brewery, Rochester Brewing Company, and Bartholomay Brewery Company—and renamed the conglomerate Bartholomew Brewing Company, Limited. The buildings of the Rochester Brewery were converted into a cold storage plant.

In 1932, Louis Wehle, a former brewmaster at Genesee and then vice president and manager of a successful bakery in Rochester, purchased the former brewery buildings and recipes, incorporating the Genesee Brewing Company on July 8. On March 22, 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Cullen–Harrison Act, authorizing the sale of 3.2 percent beer and wine. Wehle relaunched the famous "Liebotschaner" beer and served the first draft on April 29, 1933. The first year's production totaled approximately 150,000 barrels and by 1934 Wehle had nearly 1,000 employees. In 1936, the Genesee Brewing Company acquired the old Parsons Malt House in Sodus Point, spending nearly $200,000 on renovations that were completed in 1938. At the time, it was the only malt house privately owned by an eastern brewery, and was notable for employing the traditional European floor system for malting barley. Barley would be stored at the grain elevator in Oswego, then sent to Sodus Point for malting. The malt house ended its operations in 1986.

In December 1984, it purchased the Fred Koch Brewery of Dunkirk, New York. At the time The Fred Koch Brewery was owned by Vaux Breweries of Sunderland, England. In the previous year Koch sold about 55,000 barrels of beer, compared with Genesee's 3.2 million. Genesee transferred the brewing of Koch's brands to Rochester which it continued through the 2000s.

High Falls Brewing Company
In 2000, the company was sold to an employee investment group, and the company's name was changed to High Falls Brewing Company. In 2007, Norman Snyder was named CEO of the company, and announced a change in the Genesee brand labeling, which highlights a more classic look. The company also unveiled a new corporate website and increased marketing of the Genesee brand of beers.

North American Breweries and FIFCO
In February 2009, High Falls Brewery was sold to a New York City investment group KPS Capital Partners to be run as part of its North American Breweries (NAB) subsidiary. In June of the same year, it was announced that the name of the brewery would revert to Genesee Brewing Company to reflect the company's long history.

In October 2012, NAB was purchased by FIFCO in an all-cash deal totaling $338 million, through its subsidiary, Cerveceria Costa Rica. FIFCO is a food and beverage company headquartered in San Jose, Costa Rica. The company’s product portfolio includes beer, bottled water, natural fruit drinks, juices and other beverages. The new owner stated that "The workforce, the current leadership, the current operation will remain as they have been."

Modernization
On September 8, 2012, the $3.9 million Genesee Brew House opened to the public. The 9,200-square-foot former packaging center features interactive exhibits and multimedia presentations that explore Genesee's history, along with a gift shop and a pub-style restaurant.

In September, 2016 NAB announced on an expansion and redesign project. Then-governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State would add an additional $9.5 million in state funding, including a $5 million capital grant through the Upstate Revitalization Initiative. It was around this time the brewery switched from its previous lauter tun system to a mash filter system.

In 2018, Genesee Brewery completed a renovation project which included the installation of 24 fermentation and storage tanks outside the new "cold block" building and a new dry-hopping system.

12 Horse Ale
First introduced in 1933, just after the prohibition was repealed in the United States, 12 Horse Ale is brewed with six-row barley malt, hops from the Yakima Valley, and Genesee’s proprietary top-fermenting ale yeast. This yeast was brought to the brewery in 1933 from England and has been used in brewing ever since. To coincide with the beer release, a marketing campaign produced what was believed to be the only 12-horse hitch in the world, harnessing a unique matched team of a dozen red roan Belgians, hitched three abreast in four rows with a red wagon. The barn that housed the unique team and their harness is displayed at the Genesee Country Village and Museum

Genesee Cream Ale
Genesee Cream Ale was originally conceived by brewmaster Clarence Geminn in 1960. It has 5.1% alcohol by volume. The beer is recognized for winning two consecutive gold medals at the Great American Beer Festival.

Genny Light
Genny Light was first introduced in 1978, the 100-year anniversary of the original brewery.

Genesee Specialty

 * Ruby Red Kolsch is a grapefruit-flavored Kölsch-style beer available seasonally March through July. It was first introduced in 2018.
 * Spring Bock has been brewed seasonally—traditionally arriving at stores in January and remaining available through March—since 1951. The first Genesee Spring Bock was brewed in 1879.
 * Schwarzbier is a dark session lager first introduced in 2018 meant to be a bridge between the Spring Bock and Oktoberfest releases.
 * Oktoberfest is a Märzen-style beer first introduced in 2016.
 * Cream Ale Dry Hopped is a fall/winter edition of Genesee's seasonal cream ale line-up, which consists of two beers split across six-month seasons. It is brewed with a selection of “modern hops” handpicked by head brewmaster Steve Kaplan. It was first launched in Fall 2021.
 * Lemon Strawberry Cream Ale is the second of Genesee's seasonal cream ale line-up.
 * Cran Orange Kellerbier, a style of low-alcohol German lager, is a fall seasonal first released in 2021.

Fyfe & Drum
A light beer, Fyfe & Drum was introduced in the 1960s and was discontinued with the emergence of Genny Light in 1978.

Dundee Ales & Lagers
In 1994, Genesee introduced J.W. Dundee's Honey Brown, which has proven to be one of their most popular brews. It won a Gold Medal at the 1994 World Beer Cup. In 2006, High Falls added two new beers to the J.W. Dundee's family, J.W. Dundee's American Pale Ale and J.W. Dundee's American Amber Lager. In June 2008, the company announced a re-branding of the J.W. Dundee line, which is now called Dundee Ales and Lagers.

Seagram's Escapes
Along with the formation of North American Breweries, Genesee purchased all of the brand rights to Seagram's Escapes Flavored Coolers in the US. Seagram's Escapes are part of the Flavored Malt Beverage category and provide a variety of flavored alcoholic beverages. As of November 2009, all Seagram's Escapes are produced out of the Rochester-based facility.

Rock Wall Brewing Co.
In late 2010, Genesee Brewing developed a new product line under the Rock Wall brewing name. Rock Wall Brewing produces a high alcohol malt liquor product, known as Dog Bite High Gravity.

They also sell their IPA under the Wild Range name at Aldi.

Imported beverages
Genesee had an exclusive contract to import Cerveza Imperial from Costa Rica before its 2012 acquisition by Cerveceria Costa Rica.

Genesee owns the U.S. import rights to Labatt Brewing Company's beers, which originate from Canada. Labatt products are brewed by Anheuser-Busch InBev, but Anheuser Busch InBev cannot produce or distribute the brand in the United States because it is popular enough in Western New York to raise antitrust problems, prompting the company to contract with Genesee for U.S. distribution of the brand.

Contract brewing
Genesee brews for Trouble Brewing (Walmart), Seven Kings Brewery, and Narragansett Brewing Company.

Genesee is also a regional brewer for Mike's Hard Lemonade and other malt beverage products, with Genesee Brewing Company producing almost all of the Mike's sold to the east coast market.

Genesee contract manufactures Mountain Brew Beer Ice, and Stew Brew for Stewart's Shops, along with Big Flats 1901 for Walgreens.

Sainsbury's American Pale Ale and Tap Room IPA in the UK are brewed by the Genesee Brewery under the pseudonym Tap Room Brewing Co,. These are 5.3% and 6.3% ABV own branded beers under their "Taste the difference" label.

title: Genesee Brewing Company


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Chrysler L platform

Chrysler's L platform was used in a family of compact automobiles produced from 1978 to 1990. Loosely based on the Simca 1100 platform developed with Chrysler backing in Europe in the 1960s, the Chrysler L-body was the first domestically made car with transverse front wheel drive using a unibody chassis. It was created in response to the energy crisis of the 1970s and the desire to save internal costs by consolidating Chrysler's American and European operations. It was sold in North America in several lines of similar Dodge and Plymouth vehicles and discontinued when the Chrysler K platform was more successful.

 * Dodge
 * 1978-1990 Omni
 * 1979-1982 Omni 024
 * 1982-1984 Rampage
 * 1983-1987 Charger
 * Plymouth
 * 1978-1990 Horizon
 * 1979-1982 Horizon TC3
 * 1983 Scamp
 * 1983-1987 Turismo
 * Chrysler Europe/Talbot
 * 1967-1985 Simca 1100
 * 1977-1984 Matra Rancho
 * 1977-1979 Chrysler-Simca Horizon
 * 1979-1987 Talbot Horizon

title: Chrysler L platform


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Stephanos Christopoulos

Stephanos Christopoulos (Στέφανος Χρηστόπουλος; 1876 – after 1906) was a Greek wrestler. He was a member of Gymnastiki Etaireia Patron, that merged in 1923 with Panachaikos Gymnastikos syllogos to become Panachaiki Gymnastiki Enosi.

Christopoulos competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. He defeated Momcsilló Tapavicza of Hungary in the first bout of the wrestling competition, matching the Hungarian in skill and wearing the other wrestler down until he conceded the match. In the semifinal, Christopoulos faced fellow Greek Georgios Tsitas. The result of that match was an injured shoulder and a loss for Christopoulos when Tsitas threw him. He finished third behind Tsitas and the German Carl Schuhmann, winning the bronze medal.

Christopoulos returned to the competitive stage in Athens ten years later to compete in the 1906 Intercalated Games, he entered three events, his first event was in the weightlifting the two handed lift, he managed to lift 108.5 kilogrammes and finished in tied for seventh place, he also competed in the one handed lift but only lifted 40 kilogrammes and finished eleventh out of the 12 starters. He also entered the Wrestling in the heavyweight division, he won his first round against Austrian, Rudolf Arnold, in the next round he lost to Marcel Dubois from Belgium.

title: Stephanos Christopoulos


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Nihil obstat

Nihil obstat (Latin for "nothing hinders" or "nothing stands in the way") is a phrase traditionally used by Catholic Church authorities to formally declare that there is no objection to the publication of a book, or to some other proposed action.

Publishing
The phrase nihil obstat is used by a Catholic cleric known as a Censor Librorum (Latin for "censor of books") to indicate that a book contains nothing contrary to Catholic doctrines, faith, or morals. Canon law requires this approval for the publication of books by faithful Catholics if they "touch upon matters of faith and morals", and requires that pastors enforce this rule. The Censor Librorum is delegated by a bishop to review the text in question over approximately two months. If an author is a member of a religious institute (such as a monastery) and the book concerns religion or morals, then canon law further requires the imprimi potest ("it can be printed") of the major superior before publication. Finally, the bishop of the author's diocese or of the place of publication gives the final approval, the imprimatur ("let it be printed").

Marriage
A nihil obstat also refers to the document declaring that someone is free to marry due to lack of form in the previous marriage. It can also refer to a document of dispensation from certain impediments to marriage in the Catholic Church.

title: Nihil obstat


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Clarenceux King of Arms

Clarenceux King of Arms, historically often spelled Clarencieux ( both pronounced ), is an officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Clarenceux is the senior of the two provincial kings of arms and his jurisdiction is that part of England south of the River Trent. The office almost certainly existed in 1420, and there is a fair degree of probability that there was a Claroncell rex heraldus armorum in 1334. There are also some early references to the southern part of England being termed Surroy, but there is not firm evidence that there was ever a king of arms so called. The title of Clarenceux is supposedly derived from either the Honour (or estates of dominion) of the Clare earls of Gloucester, or from the Dukedom of Clarence (1362). With minor variations, the arms of Clarenceux have, from the late fifteenth century, been blazoned as Argent a Cross on a Chief Gules a Lion passant guardant crowned with an open Crown Or.

Timothy Duke was appointed Clarenceux King of Arms on 1 April 2021.

Holders of the office
Brackets indicate a date for which there is evidence the named person held this office

title: Clarenceux King of Arms


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Queen Sirikit Park

Queen Sirikit Park is a botanical garden in Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand. Covering an area of 0.22 km2, it is part of the larger Chatuchak Park complex. It was established in 1992 and named after Sirikit, Queen of Thailand to celebrate her 60th birthday. It contains many fountains and pools where lotus flowers bloom. The park has a high biodiversity in an ecosystem which has a great variety of plants and butterflies. There is a great variety of banana cultivars, a great variety of palm tree cultivars, a great variety of hibiscus, a great variety of lotus, more than 200 species of waterlilies, a great variety of new species of plant in the world, a great variety of coconut cultivars, a great variety of bamboo cultivars, and a great variety of rare plants as well as plants endemic to Thailand.

History
In 1991, the cabinet made the resolution to establish Queen Sirikit Park, the park for celebrations on the Auspicious Occasion of Queen Sirikit's 5th Cycle (60 years) Birthday anniversary, on 12 August 1992. The cabinet assigned the Ministry of Transport to build this park in the area of the State Railway of Thailand. This area is located in the South of the golf course of the Railway. The pattern of this park was similar as Thailand's geographical map. The area in the first project was 140 rai(0.224 km2) and in the second project it will be expanded the area in 60 rai (0.092 km2) more in the future. In this area, there can be a park for a leisure weekend, fitness park for exercise, and the place to see a beautiful botanical garden which contains more than 2,000 species of the local and foreign plants. The construction budget came from the government, the State enterprises under the Ministry of Commerce, and the private sector. In parts of long way garden maintenance, the Foundation of Her Majesty Queen Sirikit of Thailand will take care of this point.

On 1 May 1995, the cabinet transferred Queen Sirikit Park to Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. On 19 December 1996, Queen Sirikit Park opening ceremony.

Events

 * Queen Sirikit birth day or Mother's Day Event.

title: Queen Sirikit Park


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Kristal Marshall

Kristal Melisa Marshall (born November 11, 1983) is an American model, beauty queen and retired professional wrestler who is best known for her time in World Wrestling Entertainment on its SmackDown brand and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Modeling career
Prior to working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Marshall appeared as a competitor in the 2004 Miss California pageant, as a model for Deal or No Deal, in music videos for 50 Cent and Ma$e, and in commercials for The Best Damn Sports Show Period. She was at one time a Barker Beauty on The Price Is Right.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2005-2007)
Marshall first entered WWE as a contestant in the 2005 Raw Diva Search, in which she eventually finished fourth. Despite not winning the Diva Search contract, Marshall was signed to a development deal soon after the contest finished and sent to Deep South Wrestling, WWE newest "farm territory" at that time. In December 2005, she joined the SmackDown! roster as a backstage correspondent, interviewing the brand's superstars during the shows.

Her first actual feud on the brand came against the heel run of Jillian Hall. Marshall defeated Hall in her debut match—a "Divas Uncovered" match—on the March 10, 2006, episode of SmackDown. On June 2, 2006, Kristal was defeated by Jillian Hall but was later comforted by the turned heel Michelle McCool. When Diva Search winner Ashley Massaro joined the SmackDown! brand, Marshall was turned heel and put into an angle where she was jealous of Massaro's Diva Search win. She was aligned with McCool and the two feuded with Massaro and then-babyface, Jillian Hall, leading to a Fatal Four-Way Bra and Panties match at The Great American Bash, during which Marshall was legitimately injured, though she did not miss any time. In September, the next years Diva Search winner, then-babyface, Layla El, arrived on the brand, and Marshall was put into a feud with her. This one had Marshall aligned with Mike "The Miz" Mizanin against Layla and the Boogeyman.

In February 2007, Marshall became a face again and began a storyline which had her as a close friend of then-babyface, Vickie Guerrero, who was mysteriously planning something, and then flirting with SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long. After Marshall confessed her love for Long, she convinced him to hire Guerrero as his assistant, leaving her in charge of the show on occasion. Eventually Long proposed marriage, which Kristal accepted On August 26 at SummerSlam, Kristal participated in a battle royal to determine the No. 1 contender for the WWE Women's Championship, however, she was eliminated by McCool. On the September 21 episode of SmackDown!, during Kristal and Theodore in-ring wedding, Theodore suffered a heart attack as part of the storyline. She was released from her WWE contract a few weeks later.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2009–2010)
On October 18, 2009, at Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's Bound for Glory Marshall debuted as a member of the crowd cheering on Bobby Lashley during his match with Samoa Joe. Renamed Kristal Lashley, she was portrayed as the wife of her real-life boyfriend. She then started an angle with Scott Steiner where Steiner kept harassing her in the crowd during his and Lashley's matches. On the November 5 edition of TNA Impact! Marshall accompanied Lashley to the ring but was sent backstage by the referee where Steiner would try to kidnap her but would get stopped by Lashley. She made her TNA in-ring debut on the December 12 edition of Impact! teaming with Lashley in a losing effort against Steiner and Awesome Kong in a mixed tag team match. On the January 4, 2010, Monday night edition of Impact! Bobby and Kristal Lashley requested for their kayfabe immediate release from TNA Wrestling, turning heel in the process. This storyline did not last, as Bobby Lashley was released from TNA in February to focus more on his MMA career.

Independent circuit (2013)
On April 19, 2013, at Top Rope Promotions (TRP), Kristal made her in-ring return when she teamed with Kong, as the two defeated Jillian Hall and Kasey Ray, in what would be Kristal last match to date.

Other media
Marshall has appeared on an episode of Hogan Knows Best. She also appeared on the February 6, 2008, episode of Project Runway with Maria, Candice Michelle, Torrie Wilson, Layla, and Michelle McCool.

In June 2007, she posed for her first magazine cover, the September issue of African Americans on Wheels.

Personal life
Marshall dated Bobby Lashley from 2007 until 2010, and they have two children. In April 2010, Kristal confirmed on Twitter that she and Lashley had split.

She is of Barbadian descent.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Fitness Universe
 * Ms. Bikini America (Medium Class; 2008)
 * NPC Arnold Amateur Championships
 * 2nd Place (Short Class; 2009)
 * NPC USA Bodybuilding & Figure Championships
 * 1st Place (Class C & Overall; 2009)

title: Kristal Marshall


text:
Talk:MINC

Another MINC: http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/software/ (montreal neurological institute medical image file format). Should this be added?

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title: Talk:MINC


text:
Talk:Guadeloupe/Government

Why is this sub-page here? It is completely meaningless. — DanMS 20:16, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guadeloupe/Government


text:
File talk:Newport news norfolk portsmouth.jpg

Is there a way to label which way is North? Ari 20:16, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * North is left. Can someone rotate this image 90 degrees so as to make north up? — ዮም  |  (Yom)  |  Talk  • contribs • Ethiopia 05:30, 4 August 2006 (UTC)


text:
Franz Ernst Brückmann

Franz Ernst Brückmann (27 September 1697 – 21 March 1753) was a German mineralogist born at Marienthal near Helmstedt. Having qualified as a physician in 1721, he practised at Braunschweig and afterwards at Wolfenbüttel (from 1728). In 1747 he was appointed medical assessor in Braunschweig.

His leisure time was given up to natural history, and especially to mineralogy and botany. He appears to have been the first to introduce the term "oolithus" to rocks that resemble in structure the roe of a fish; whence the terms "oolite" and "oolitic". He died at Wolfenbüttel.

Publications

 * Magnalia Dei in locis subterraneis (Brunswick, 1727).
 * Historia naturalis curiosa lapidis (1727).
 * Thesaurus subterraneus Ducatus Brunsvigii (1728).
 * Thesaurus subterraneus Ducatus Brunsvigii (1728).

title: Franz Ernst Brückmann


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lang community

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 04:33, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Lang community
Non notable gaming community. And what technical limitations stop the title from displaying correctly? Francs2000 | Talk 20:17, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Dcarrano 20:47, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, please, delete. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 21:26, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - oops, we let this hang around for five days before VFDing... CDC   (talk)  23:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity royblumy 00:05, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. The only technical limitation that will prevent the article title from displaying correctly is a perfectly healthy deletion. -Splash 02:26, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sukhumvit (disambiguation)

Sukhumvit (สุขุมวิท) can refer to:

 * Sukhumvit Road, one of the four major highways of Thailand, which follows a coastal route from Bangkok to Trat
 * Phra Bisal Sukhumvit, who the road was named after
 * Sukhumvit Line of the BTS Skytrain in Bangkok
 * Sukhumvit MRT station on the Mass Rapid Transit, Bangkok

title: Sukhumvit (disambiguation)


text:
User:Starryboy

Hello everyone who reach this page. Since my discovery of this wikipedia in June 2004, I obtain information from it constantly, but I never created an article, nor did I create my own account. However in 13 July 2005 a busy lil' vandal made edits on a large number of Sailor Moon articles, and that irked me, giving me a strong desire to create an account of my own. As for editing, like adding templates, links, images etc., I am still a novice, so please advice me in my talk page if there are rooms for improvements or any suggestions to my edits.

I specialize in:
 * Wandering through pages and do addition/edition/proofread.

Finally I started an article on January 3 2006. It isn't particularly good at all. How stupid I am.

title: User:Starryboy


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Castlemorton Common Festival

The Castlemorton Common Festival was a week-long free festival and rave held in the Malvern Hills near Malvern, Worcestershire, England, between 22 and 29 May 1992. The media interest and controversy surrounding the festival, and concerns as to the way it was policed, inspired the legislation that would eventually become the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.

Background
In May 1992 Avon and Somerset Police tried to end the annual Avon Free Festival, which had been held in the Bristol area around the May Bank Holiday for several years. As a result, hundreds of new age travellers en route to the area for the expected festival were shunted into neighbouring counties by Avon and Somerset's Operation Nomad police manoeuvres, with West Mercia Police deciding to confine them to common land at Castlemorton.

Events
The first travellers arrived on the common on 22 May, but the high-profile coverage in the national media only served to swell the crowd further as ravers from far afield made their way to join the festival, thus making it an impossible task for the authorities to close the event down. An estimated 20,000–40,000 people gathered on Castlemorton Common for the party which lasted a full week, the biggest of its kind since the Stonehenge Free Festival in the mid-1980s.

Castlemorton hosted many of the large sound systems of the time such as Bedlam, Circus Warp, Spiral Tribe and DiY Sound System, and bands such as Back To The Planet, Xenophobia (fronted by Spiral Tribe's MC Skallywag), AOS3 and Poisoned Electrick Head.

Simon Reynolds wrote retrospectively that, "during the next five days of its existence, Castlemorton will inspire questions in Parliament, make the front page of every newspaper in England and incite nationwide panic about the whereabouts of the next destination on the crusty itinerary."

Days after the festival around twenty travellers were camped outside Worcester police station as their vehicles had been seized by West Mercia Police, preventing them from travelling on.

Speaking in a House of Commons debate, the local MP at the time, Michael Spicer, opined, "new age travellers, ravers and drugs racketeers arrived at a strength of two motorised army divisions, complete with several massed bands and, above all, a highly sophisticated command and signals system. However, they failed to bring latrines. The numbers, speed and efficiency with which they arrived—amounting at one time to as many as 30,000 people—combined to terrorise the local community to the extent that some residents had to undergo psychiatric treatment in the days that followed. Such an incident must never happen again, in my constituency or elsewhere. We need tighter laws, especially to give banning powers to the police; a Cabinet Committee to bring responsible Departments together; quicker and more co-ordinated police action; and a more effective application of existing policies by national and local authorities."

Aftermath
Thirteen members of Spiral Tribe were arrested after the event, and charged with public order offences. After a lengthy and costly trial, they were acquitted.

Concerns about the festival and the way in which it was policed inspired the legislation which developed into the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. This wide-ranging Act effectively made illegal such outdoor parties playing music that, as defined in section 63(1)(b), incorporates "sounds wholly or predominantly characterised by the emission of a succession of repetitive beats".

Whilst some have argued that Castlemorton, with its attendant publicity, led directly to the Criminal Justice Act and was the "final nail in the coffin of the unlicensed event", others have seen the Act as a draconian piece of legislation which was "explicitly aimed at suppressing the activities of certain strands of alternative culture".

title: Castlemorton Common Festival


text:
User:Molobo

BLOCKED - this account has been blocked indefinitely for on account of it possibly being compromised. The account will remain blocked until the matter has been resolved. This block is administrative and is not related to any user conduct issue. Manning (talk) 02:21, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

When removing this block notice, please also restore this version of the user page. Manning (talk) 02:24, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User:Molobo


text:
User:Coraline~enwiki

Coraline Madeline (b. December 24, 1989) is currently located somewhere in southern Manitoba, Canada. Here she lives in the country while she makes her way through high school, majoring in Industrial Design.

During her free time she enjoys drawing, painting, swimming and talking to new people. She has a love for long stories and learning about people, which would explain her love for greek mythology. Teach her something, tell her something, she will create something.

title: User:Coraline~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Smalls

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was already SPEEDY DELETED. Postdlf 04:41, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Smalls
Teen *sigh* vanity... Delete --Gunmetal 20:20, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Smalls


text:
Paul K. Keene

Paul K. Keene (October 12, 1910 – April 23, 2005) was one of the first organic farmers. He was the owner of Walnut Acres, in Penns Creek, Pennsylvania. There he produced various food products sold nationally in health food stores and via a mail-order catalog. The foods included free-range chicken; peanut, apple, and other butters; and granola. He was one of the pioneers of the idea of growing food without pesticides or chemical fertilizers.

He was born in Lititz, Pennsylvania. He earned an undergraduate degree at Lebanon Valley College and a master's degree in mathematics at Yale University. Before starting Walnut Acres, he taught mathematics at Drew University. He learned about organic farming from Sir Albert Howard while teaching in northern India. When he returned to the US, he studied further at the School of Living, in Suffern, New York and Kimberton Farm School in Pennsylvania.

While in India, he was involved with Mohandas Gandhi and the Indian independence movement.

He also met his wife while in India. Her name was Enid Betty Morgan, and she was the daughter of missionaries. They were married in 1940; she died in 1987.

His first big breakthrough in selling organic foods came when Clementine Paddleford, the New York Herald-Tribune food editor, was entranced by the farm's first product, Apple Essence, an apple butter.

Walnut Acres was started just after World War II. In 1994, it had sales of close to $8 million annually. Keene sold the company in 2000. It is no longer in business, but certain foods manufactured by the Hain Celestial Group, a natural-foods conglomerate, bear the "Walnut Acres Organic" label.

title: Paul K. Keene


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Large tortoiseshell

The large tortoiseshell or blackleg tortoiseshell (Nymphalis polychloros) is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

Subspecies
Subspecies include:
 * Nymphalis polychloros polychloros
 * Nymphalis polychloros erythromelas (Austaut, 1885) – Algeria and Morocco

Distribution and habitat
The species is found in North Africa, southern and central Europe, Turkey, southern Russia, the central and southern Urals, Kazakhstan and the Himalayas. In Central Europe they occur in the warmer regions, but have become generally rare. By contrast, they are still common in the Mediterranean and Southern Alps. They live in sparse forests and their edges, on dry shrubbery and in orchards. It is an extreme rarity in Britain, although it used to be widespread throughout England and Wales. Most of the specimens seen in Britain are thought to be captive-bred releases. These butterflies mainly inhabit woodland, especially with sallows (willows). However, there are indications that the large tortoiseshell is recolonising southern England.

Description
Nymphalis polychloros has a wingspan of 68 - 72 mm in males, of 72 - 75 mm in females. These medium to large butterflies have orange to red wings with black and yellow patches. Both wings with yellowish submarginal lunules, upon which follows a black band which is likewise composed of lunules and bears on the hindwing small blue spots. The underside of the wings is smoky brown with darker shades and black transverse pencilling. There is no sexual dimorphism. This species looks very similar to the small tortoiseshell (Aglais urticae), but it is more closely related to the Camberwell beauty and Nymphalis xanthomelas It differs from the small tortoiseshell by its larger size (45–62 mm. wingspan in Aglais urticae) and by the more orange ground colour of the upper surface of its wings and the orange base of its hindwings. The forewing is orange-brown, with 3 costal black blotches, 3 large black spots in the disc posteriorly and a narrow blackish terminal band – less bright than those of A. urticae, and lacking the apical white spot and the marginal blue dots of that species. Compared to the yellow-legged tortoiseshell it has yellower interspaces between the black blotches on the costal edges of its forewings and the dark marginal band is narrower. The surest way to recognize it, however, is by its dark haired tarsi yellow-legged tortoiseshell's tarsal hairs are light-coloured.

Biology
The adult insect (imago) over-winters in dry dark places, such as hollow trees or out buildings. In late February or early March the butterflies emerge and mate. The females lay their pale green eggs (ova) in a continuous band around the upper twigs of elm (Ulmus spp.), sallow (Salix caprea and Salix viminalis), pear (Pyrus spp.), Malus, Sorbus, Crataegus, Populus, and Prunus spp. trees.

The caterpillars (larvae) are gregarious, and systematically strip the topmost twigs of the tree bare. They seem to have little defence against predation by birds. It is possible that their decline and extinction in the British Isles (late 1970s) was owing to the loss of predatory birds, which previously had preyed upon smaller birds if they strayed to the tops of these trees.

The full-grown larva spins a silk girdle around a twig further down the tree, and hangs from this by means of hooks (cremaster) at its rear end, to pupate. The chrysalis (pupa) is greyish brown with a slight silvery sheen. The species is univoltine, i.e. there is only one generation per year, the imagines emerging in July and August seek out sources high in sugar on which to feed. Tree sap and fermenting fruit are particularly popular.

title: Large tortoiseshell


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Borgen Project

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 04:42, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Borgen Project
This is self-promotion of a non-notable think tank/nonprofit. 1) It gets zero hits on LexisNexis, indicating basically no media coverage. 2) Basically all of the Google hits for it are on forums or various listing services where one could be listed for free or for a small charge; I didn't see any indication of other organizations referencing its work. 3) Various IP users have been inserting links to the organization's website into a wide variety of articles;, , etc. So there's a lot of self-promoting going on here. CDC   (talk)  20:22, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Agreed; self-promotion of a non-notable organization. —Cleared as filed. 20:35, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, per above. Dcarrano 20:56, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn royblumy 00:05, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn/self-promotion. --Etacar11 01:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable self promotion. JamesBurns 09:56, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I got 7,600 Google hits for "borgen project", this is far more notable than many other things here. The hits are from a variety of sources not just listing services. Mainstream media attention is not a good barometer for notability. Within the area of NGO's the Borgen Project seems to be fairly well known. Nrets 17:23, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Just one more thing, I agree with the links relating to this group being removed from various articles since they clearly are not major players in the Bush administration policy toward, say, the Sudanese civil war. However, I do think that a lot less notable groups are allowed to maintain an entry, for example see: Ninjas in Pyjamas. I do not see why a group of people who play video games are more notable than an actual organization that seems to advocate responsible government and good causes, no matter how self-promoting they are. I really have no stake whether Bogen Project stays or goes, I just sense an inconsistent standard here.  Nrets 14:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm hardly going to defend the notability of a videogamer group; do go ahead and VFD that, and I'll probably vote to delete. That said, I don't see any evidence that this "project" is anything more than one guy's pet project. Regarding mainstream media exposure; I'm sympathetic to the argument that mainstream media shouldn't determine notability, but according to the article the project's "primary focus is generating public pressure on the White House"; this really must produce some sort of result in the media. If it hasn't, then the project is non-notable, because it's highly unlikely that it's been even remotely influential in its primary mission. CDC   (talk)  20:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Granted, like most small NGO's this one has almost no actual impact, but they do seem to have groups accross the country so its no tiddly-winks. I see your point, but I still stand by my vote. Nrets 21:13, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Peter Wintonick

Untitled
Peter Wintonick is a famous Canadian who has won a Governor General's Award.
 * Yes, well, there's a bit too much puffery still in the article, imo. We need to stick with facts and avoid preaching to people about how "famous" he is. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 21:40, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Peter Wintonick