text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nepean Concert Band

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Nepean Concert Band
Not notable as per WP:MUSIC RMoloney 18:00, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 21:12, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schools are notable; individual classes baring unusual circumstances are not.  Almafeta 21:40, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per WP:MUSIC: Has become the most prominent representative of a notable style or the local scene of a city.  Community Concert Bands are a Canadian tradition, this appears to be the prominent representative of this style in Nepean.  The grades mentioned in the article are nothing to do with class in a school, but are a measure describing musical difficulty as per the  Royal Conservatory.--Simon.Pole 22:42, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, stub, clean-up, and expand as per Simon.Pole. · Zhatt  ·  22:55, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, per WP:MUSIC. I saw nothing in the article to suggest that this band "has become the most prominent representative... etc etc".  Community bands are a tradition in many places; so are garage bands.  This doesn't make individual bands of those genres automatically notable.  See WP:MUSIC.  Friday 05:49, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete while the school maybe notable, this band isnt. Agree with Friday on this. JamesBurns 06:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non notable per WP:MUSIC and User:Friday. --Deathphoenix 13:21, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, or add some interesting content quick. Somehow the latter seems unlikely to happen.  -Joshuapaquin 04:20, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I was in a high school jazz band that was quite prominent, we even went to the same MusicFest that is the origin of the picture, its basically the Canadian nationals. We never made a wikipedia article about it, and we, and the program in our community were quite highly regarded. The problem with this type of article is that these bands can loose there notablity quite quickly. There is no reason for there to be an article on this. Many local concert bands could likely make equivalent claims. This is clearly a page made by the band itself. I recoginze the name of the fesitval at the bottom, the only reason you would have it is because you were in the band. Benw 07:39, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete extremely non-notable. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 05:46, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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PLUM keyboard

The PLUM keyboard is a keyboard layout which differs from the traditional QWERTY keyboard in both physical key layout and letter arrangement. Unlike most keyboards, the PLUM keyboard organizes keys in a square grid, as opposed to the staggered rows of a typewriter. Though the Plum Keyboard is currently off-line, it is still being promoted.

, PLUM keyboards are no longer being manufactured.

Design and rationale
The purpose of the product is to teach non-typists how to type, not to encourage Qwerty users to switch. The ergonomic advantages are secondary to the incredibly short learning curve. New typists learning Qwerty can typically expect a 4- to 6-week learning curve, whereas new typists learning Plum can touch-type within two weeks. This is possible because Plum incorporates mnemonics to assist the learner. "READONTHIS" is not only easily remembered, they are the ten most frequently used keys and make up the home row where the fingers rest, thus minimizing finger movement. The Plum layout also gives equal time to each hand. With Qwerty, the left hand does 70% of the work, while the right hand does only 30%.

The Enter key has moved to a half-length "spacebar" position alongside the spacebar itself. Both keys are now used by one thumb alone; left for Enter and right for Space. Also, the Tab and Backspace keys are centrally located within the array of letters, as are the comma and period.

The layout of the PLUM keyboard is compact, using standard key sizes throughout, rather than the usual widened keytops for control keys. This has led to criticism, particularly over the positioning of the Shift keys. These are at each end of the home row. Although usable for text entry by a touch-typist experienced with the PLUM layout, they are unpopular with programmers who make extensive use of shift for non-letter characters. The extra Function keys F13, F14, and F15 map to Print Screen, Scroll Lock, and the Pause/Break key respectively, although no Scroll Lock light exists. There are also six blank keys surrounding the Arrow keys, which do nothing.

While there are currently no good studies comparing the efficiency of the PLUM and Dvorak keyboards, the Dvorak keyboard is more mainstream, but the PLUM keyboard has a keyboard layout that many find more memorable, with the rows spelling out the words "PLUM," "READONTHIS" and "WXYZ".

Repetitive strain injury
It is debatable whether this layout reduces repetitive strain injury, but the general consensus is that while it might prolong it slightly, the QWERTY keyboard might simply aggravate pains without causing the disease, and studies have shown that typists are not any more likely to develop RSI than normal people. A user of a PLUM keyboard has claimed that using it resulted in less wrist pain than other layouts.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PLUM keyboard


text:
User talk:Gyre

Fate/Stay Night
About Rider. I was simply trying to explain the connection between her Noble Phantasm Bellorephon and herself. For example, Saber has the Excalibur which explains she is King Arthur. Most people are confused as to Rider's (aka: Medusa) connection between Bellorephon, the fact that Pegasus is her Noble Phantasm, and Medusa. So I wanted to clarify. I will try to clean it up a bit. Please review it to see if it is less confusing. Mirioki 23:36 April 2 (UTC).

Would you reconsider your nomination of thee Adaptation to global warming article for deletion?
I was "bold" and extracted the "adaptation" text from the Mitigation of global warming article into a new article Adaptation of global warming as suggested by others in the Talk:Mitigation of global warming page.

Within minutes, you nominated the new article a candidate for deletion on the grounds that it was a "how-to" article which violated WP:NOT or that it was original research which violated WP:NOR. Other people said that it was not encyclopedic.

The "how-to" criticism was off-the-mark because the article was never intended to be a "how-to". The skimpiness of the text and the section titles suggested that it was a "how-to" but it was never meant to be that.

The "unencyclopedic" charge was valid since the initial text extracted from the Mitigation of global warming article was very sketchy. I have addressed these issues by expanding the article significantly and providing references to sources.

Several of the active contributors to global warming articles have voted to keep the article.

Would you take a look at current version of the Adaptation to global warming article and then consider voting to keep the article?

Thanks.

Richard 18:43, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. Keep up the good effort. Alex (t) 19:10, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Lone Wolf

 * Please be careful about nominating Lone Wolf related articles for deletion. Unlike some other subjects I have seen on the internet, this subject is verifiable, and as you can see on the Lone Wolf (gamebooks) page, this series has sold over 8 million books. It is for real, and the information is relevant :) Thanks! Judgesurreal777 04:41, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Life Online with Bob Parsons
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you.   Ardenn  04:43, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I usually do leave edit summaries, but occasionally lapse into lazy mode. Sorry! Alex (t) 04:45, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Sharon Bezaly
About the notability tag you placed on Sharon Bezaly, I had a question about that. I placed it on the talk page. I hope you will be so kind as to respond. Thank you, zappa.jak e (talk) 05:06, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

High Five Tickets
Thanks a lot for your helpful suggestion about the article. I have incorporated more information about the importance and removed your tag. -- Alphachimp  talk  05:20, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Sophie
This person is at least as notable as some of the obscure American sports people and entertainers who seem to be constantly included hereabouts.Albatross2147 03:35, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Re: Edit Summaries
Hello got your message, I think I've found the edit you're talking about (Playstation3 06:49, 19 May 2006 ?) - it is only polite to add an edit summary especially when deleting someone elses work. Don't think I can do much retrospectively about this easily - I'll try to always add a summary in future (except possibly when doing very trivial things eg obvious spelling error). Thanks for keeping me on the straight and narrow.HappyVR 11:51, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the support
Thank you for supporting my Medical dictionary wiki. It'll probably go nowhere, since no one wants to be liable for it. Oh well... I guess this'll be one topic not influenced by the wiki. — THIS IS M ESSED OCKER  (TALK) 21:46, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Bumper sticker
Maybe. I probably won't do more work on the stickers until the fundraising committee is up and running, though. Tlogmer ( talk / contributions ) 20:54, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Music Samples
Hi, I see you've responded to the straw poll at Wikipedia_talk:Music_samples. Since your vote, there has been some further discussion here, and I've suggested a slight amendment to the proposed guideline. I'd really appreciate your feedback on the subject. Thanks! -- Wine Guy  Talk  20:21, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

hello Gyre theBlackbay here 1984 is upon us! :)
Help From fellow Wikipedians against censorship!

Thank you for your time I was wondering if i could ask your opinion?? :)

Articles for deletion/G. Edward Griffin here is the Article on G. Edward Griffin that I have just reconstructed and am still in the process of doing, But it's been put up for deletion?.

I was wondering if you could pitch in a comment in any direction you feel but I believe this man is very notable having Authored such books as The Creature from Jekyll Island a history of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, but also many many more films as well, also being a member of many organisations.

Me being an inclusionist of sorts I would rather see changes made rather than a wholesale deletion, what do you think?

The man is very notable he has been doing this sort of work since the 60’s when he created the “The Capitalist Conspiracy” one of the first and most documented histories of Political Corruption in film that I know of.

Thank you for all your help, I’m just starting out in Wikipedia I have created the Benjamin H. Freedman, article and reconstructed the The Money Masters article and some others but I need help here! Any help of mine you may need or want in any regard in the future just ask :)

Also any contribution you would like to make to improve the article please consider!

Really i wouldn't ask if i did not really think this article worthy.

-Theblackbay 09:58, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Beautiful Garbage
A rather long while ago you commented on the spelling of the article name "beautifulgarbage". I am just letting you know that I have proposed the article to be moved to "Beautiful Garbage", which is (in my opinion) more in accordance with Wikipedia's policy. Feel free to leave further comments on Talk:beautifulgarbage if you're interested. Thanks! HymylyT@C 20:12, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Ervin Zádor & npov
Would you look at the Ervin Zádor article again and see if you agree to remove the NPOV label. If not what other edits are needed? Ryanjo (talk) 16:18, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Geneforge2map.jpg
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If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 21:40, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Pit-logo.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:CastleTown.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image File:Geneforge2.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:Geneforge3combat.jpg
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Fair use rationale for File:Heroes3town.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Heroes3town.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 15:43, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Bizarre edit
Sorry, but since you're a veteran editor I've gotta ask: what the hell were you thinking when you made this edit? If there is material on an article that violates someone else's copyright, just removed it. If the copyvio is questionable, place copypaste at the top of the article. But do not add this text to any article again. —bender235 (talk) 22:56, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It had been a while since I dealt with copyright problems on Wikipedia, and when trying to re-learn the correct procedure I came across cclean instead of copypaste. I mistakenly thought that the former was the template to use. It won't happen again! G  y  re  03:18, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Okay, good to know. —bender235 (talk) 12:32, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:GeneforgeStats.jpg
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New Zealand Skeptics
You have tagged New Zealand Skeptics as being written like an advert. I can see nothing wrong with the article. Can you outline you concerns on the talk page? Thanks. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 20:13, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that. I should have provided reasons for the template. I've just now posted on the talk page, listing my concerns. Thanks!  G  y  re  04:42, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Gyre


text:
Kalina cycle

The Kalina cycle, developed by Alexander Kalina, is a thermodynamic process for converting thermal energy into usable mechanical power.

It uses a solution of 2 fluids with different boiling points for its working fluid. Since the solution boils over a range of temperatures as in distillation, more of the heat can be extracted from the source than with a pure working fluid. The same applies on the exhaust (condensing) end. This provides efficiency comparable to a Combined cycle, with less complexity.

By appropriate choice of the ratio between the components of the solution, the boiling point of the working solution can be adjusted to suit the heat input temperature. Water and ammonia is the most widely used combination, but other combinations are feasible.

Because of this ability to take full advantage of the temperature difference between the particular heat source and sink available, it finds applications in reuse of industrial process heat, geothermal energy, solar energy, and use of waste heat from power plants (Bottoming cycle). Even at lower pressure, a Kalina cycle may have higher efficiency than a comparable Rankine cycle.

Kalina cycle power plants
Recoverable heat from industrial processes.

The Kalina cycle has been thought to increase thermal power output efficiencies by up to 50% in suitable installations, and is ideally suited for applications such as steel, coal, oil refineries and cement production plants.
 * The Kashima Steel Works operated by Sumitomo Metal Industries was commissioned in 1999. It produces 3.6MW of electricity and is the longest running commercial application of the Kalina cycle.
 * The Tokyo Bay Oil Refinery operated by Fuji Oil was commissioned in 2005 and produces 4MW of power

Geothermal
 * Husavik facility, Iceland rated 2MW electric power output and 20MW heat power
 * Unterhaching facility, Germany was commissioned in April 2009 and was the first of its kind (low enthalpy) in southern Germany. This plant produces 3.4MW of electric power and 38MW of heating power for the local township of Unterhaching. The plant shut down in 2017.
 * Bruchsal facility, Germany was commissioned in December 2009 and produces 580 kW of electricity.
 * EcoGen Unit, the first ever 50 kW EcoGen unit was installed at Matsunoyama Onsen hot spring at Tokamachi, Niigata in Japan in 2011. The EcoGen units are based on the miniaturization of the Kalina Cycle and designed for the Japanese hot spring market and other low enthalpy geothermal markets.

Second generation
A second generation of Kalina cycle systems was developed by Kalina and Kalex LLC. These systems are technically Kalina cycles (in that they utilize multi-component working fluid with variable composition) but they do not use the "Kalina cycle" trademark.

Unlike first generation Kalina cycle systems, which are applicable only for relatively low-temperature heat sources, the second generation of Kalina cycle systems is applicable to both low and relatively high temperature heat sources.

For low temperature heat sources, second generation Kalina cycles are projected to attain thermal efficiencies higher than those possible with first generation cycles.

Licensing
The Kalina cycle trademark and all first generation global patents that are still in force are owned by Wasabi Energy plc. owner of Global Geothermal Ltd., parent company of Recurrent Engineering Inc.

Some of the original Kalina cycle patents have expired and have now entered the public domain. Global Geothermal Ltd. (parent company: Wasabi Energy Ltd.) owns all the worldwide entities licensed to deploy the first generation Kalina Cycle process. As a result, GGL controls the Kalina cycle rights and over 200 international patents associated with this technology. The process is currently used via licensing deals with Siemens and Shanghai Shenge New Energy for all their Chinese applications. FLSmidth has the exclusive right in most countries to offer the first generation Kalina cycle technology to the cement and lime industries.

All second generation Kalina cycle patents are currently owned by Kalex LLC, a company founded by Kalina.

title: Kalina cycle


text:
File:UntouchablesThe.jpg

Fair use in The Untouchables (1987 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:UntouchablesThe.jpg


text:
Talk:Tutti Frutti (song)

Untitled
Is it a copyright violation to give the complete lyric here?
 * Yes. Deltabeignet 04:19, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * wtf, no it isn't.

More information
I wish someone would give more information on this song. It is one of the most well-known of all 50s songs.

Lyrics info that is uncited or from unreliable sources
I just removed all the uncited info about the lyrics to the song. Please find a reliable source before readding.

Also any info about living people (such as the singer's person life) must have a citation from a reliable source. Blog entries where anyone can write what they want is not a reliable source. Please see Biographies of Living people policy and adhere to it before readding the information (i.e. don't readd it withou citing a reliable source)--[[User:Roswell native|Roswell native 20:36, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

tutti frutti
The song tutti frutti was also a jazz song from late 30's (1938-1939). I don't know much about it other than it was performed by Slim Gaillard and Slam Stewart. I have never heard any other versions so I don't know if this version is related to the song from the 50's or not. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 134.10.24.197 (talk) 20:19, 8 March 2007 (UTC).

"A wop bop a loo mop, a good goddam! / Tutti frutti, loose booty / If it don’t fit, don’t force it / You can grease it, make it easy."

--- That's the dirtiest thing I've ever read —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.201.92.155 (talk) 22:04, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

 * More importantly, it doesn't fit the rhythm of the song. Tutti Frutti, like lots of old time rock songs, has a pattern of repeating the words 5 times, changing the pitch (of the background music) on the third, and winding up for the punch at the fifth. The ribald lyrics only have 6 bars out of the necessary 10. Y'dig? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.21.221 (talk) 01:07, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh wait, did they just repeat each couplet 5 times? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.70.113 (talk) 01:59, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Slim and Slam's song was the original but doesn't sound anything like Little Richard's. the obvious link is that Slim Gaillard created a whole nonsense slang which was called Hep-Talk, he even published a dictionary of it. O'roony was hep talk for something good. Mcvouty O'roony was hep-talk for something really good. In the original Little Richard version he actually sings Tutti Fruity Oh Rudy. clearly. I don't know how it became O'rooty. the wiki page for Slim Gaillard recognises the link. 90.248.89.130 (talk) 02:40, 24 February 2020 (UTC)

 * It might sound as though Little Richard is singing "Oh Rudy", but it's implausible that he would sing that phrase. In the context of the entire song, immediately before the phrase, he pronounces the actual song title "Tutti Frutti" as "Toody Froody". That should clarify things.
 * There are many examples in US speech where the "T" sound in some positions in words is pronounced like a "D" sound. For examples: duty, city, ability, matter, and so on.  Perhaps that is because the "D" sound is easier to pronounce than the "T" sound (Voiced vs. Unvoiced?).  Its worth noting that one of the obvious things done by US speakers who imitate UK speakers is to pronounce the letter "T" as the "T" sound, not as the "D" sound. 2600:1700:EA01:1090:D8BA:F689:5585:5664 (talk) 16:55, 31 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I'll add something I just discovered.
 * Slim Gaillard's dictionary was titled "The “Slim Gaillard Vout-O-Reenee Dictionary”, which was solely about these words. It's available on the web.
 * Hep Talk generally gave new meanings to existing words and phrases. Cab Calloway was the author of "The Hepster's Dictionary".  There was also a "Hepcats Jive Talk Dictionary". 2600:1700:EA01:1090:D8BA:F689:5585:5664 (talk) 17:10, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Racial Connotations?
This is a misrepresentation of something taken out of a very generalized statement in an article about Pat Boone.
 * Due to the song’s huge popularity with white teenagers, Pat Boone’s “whitewash” cover of the song was created in order to “sanitize the image of rock-and-roll in the 50’s and 60’s”, thereby producing a cleaned up version that appealed to a wider and whiter audience." Many, many songs were recorded over and over again to make money selling music in styles that various audiences wanted to hear. 23:10, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Tutti Frutti Lyric
Charles White's "Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorized Biography" indicates the following in relation to part of the lyrics for "Tutti Fruitti":

"Awop-Bop-a-Loo-Mop Alop-Bam-Boom

Tutti Fruitti, Aw-Rootie (5 times)..."

I find it interesting that lyrics on the net and in this LR article indicate that the one line is "tutti frutti all rootie." Further, this article now explains what "all" rootie meant at the time. Perhaps, "all" is pronounced "aw" and that's why the lyrics are printed that way in White's authorized biography. as it stands in the article, the spelling does not seem to be correct.--Smoovedogg (talk) 23:55, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

The real lyrics
According to Charles Connor, Little Richard's drummer back in the 50s, the original lyrics are:

 * Tutti frutti, good booty
 * If it's tight, it's alright
 * If it's greasy, it makes it so easy

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP2fzGGvDX4 --Stormwatch (talk) 09:37, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Indeed, that's what he said in the BBC documentary - which I don't think is a reliable source in itself, nor is YouTube - and it's summarised here. Clearly, there were different versions of the bawdy lyrics around - probably improvised.  We need to include what is set out in reliable published sources, but I'm not averse to tweaking the wording a little.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:44, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Tutti Frutti (song). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120624230642/http://www.rollingstone.com:80/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/little-richard-heres-little-richard-19691231 to http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/little-richard-heres-little-richard-19691231
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120408135202/http://www.rollingstone.com:80/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/heres-little-richard-little-richard-19691231 to http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/heres-little-richard-little-richard-19691231#ixzz1rsqlCXTq

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Hatnote changed
I just changed the hatnote so that it redirects only to the disambig page, which (of course) has links to all the related articles. I didn't think there was a need to single one out for a much less important song. (Not that that is a bad thing. Almost any version of any song is less important than this one.)  PopSci (talk) 18:50, 17 August 2021 (UTC)

'Tutti frutti' is not an Italian phrase
'All fruits' would be 'tutte le frutte' in Italian - 'tutti frutti' is really fake Italian for 'all fruits', and 'frutti' is only used in 'frutti secchi' to refer to dry fruit, but not to fresh fruit. I have tried to edit this page to reflect this fact and it has been reverted back without reason whatsoever. Would appreciate it if anyone did change the post to point that 'tutti frutti' is not Italian for 'all fruits', as the entry claims now, but 'fake/pretend' Italian for it. 2A02:6B67:6628:0:A069:14E4:99D5:3CC3 (talk) 13:07, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * The words "Tutti frutti" refer to a type of ice cream, the name of which is derived from the Italian tutti i frutti, "all fruits". So, "Tutti Frutti" itself is not strictly an Italian phrase.  I don't think there needs to be any explanation of the words in this article, though a link to the article about the ice cream might be worthwhile.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 21:13, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Tutti frutti is also slang for gay man. (so the good booty makes sense) 2601:646:4100:6A72:E7B8:1518:355:730E (talk) 09:43, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tutti Frutti (song)


text:
User talk:Pakesz

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Pakesz


text:
Mincome

Mincome, the "Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment", was a Canadian guaranteed annual income (GAI) social experiment conducted in Manitoba in the 1970s. The project was funded jointly by the Manitoba provincial government and the Canadian federal government under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. It was launched with a news release on February 22, 1974, under the New Democratic Party of Manitoba government of Edward Schreyer, and was closed down in 1979 under the Progressive Conservative of Manitoba government of Sterling Lyon and the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Joe Clark. The purpose of the experiment was to assess the social impact of a guaranteed, unconditional annual income, UBI, including whether a program of this nature would create disincentives to work for the recipients and, if so, to what extent.

Program structure
The experiment consisted of a randomized controlled trial in the City of Winnipeg and in rural Manitoba (the rural dispersed site). A so-called "saturation site" pilot project in the town of Dauphin, Manitoba was added in 1973. The Winnipeg and Dauphin sites randomly allocated lower-income households to one of seven treatment groups and a control group. The families in the treatment groups received an income guarantee or minimum cash benefit according to family size that was reduced by a specific amount (35, 50 or 75 cents) for every dollar they earned by working.

Dauphin was selected because the experiment was looking for a town of approximately 10,000 people, large enough to generate sufficient data to draw conclusions, but not bigger because it would cost too much, and the town needed to be close enough to Winnipeg to be able to drive to the town and back in a single day.

Dauphin residents were eligible for a single treatment that reduced the benefit guarantee by 50 cents for each dollar earned. Also, the Dauphin site had only one plan (Plan 3) and unlike the Winnipeg and rural dispersed sites, any resident of the city could apply.

Results
No final Mincome report was issued, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Manitoba in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

Post-Mincome research
An important motivation of Mincome and the negative income tax experiments in the U.S. was to determine the impact of a guaranteed income plan on incentives to work. University of Manitoba economists Derek Hum and Wayne Simpson analyzed labour supply or work disincentive issues in Mincome during the 1980s and published their results in a series of papers and a monograph. Their results showed a small impact on labour markets, with working hours dropping one percent for men, three percent for married women, and five percent for unmarried women. The largest impact appeared to be changes in family composition, not the experimental treatments, as preschool children increased the labour supply of husbands and reduced the labour supply of wives by roughly the same modest amount. Even these decreases in hours worked may be seen to be offset by the opportunity cost of more time for family and education. However, some have argued these drops may be artificially low because participants knew the guaranteed income was temporary. This represents an important limitation to the knowledge of the impact of a guaranteed annual income as little is known about the long term effects on willingness to work.

Economists Derek Hum and Wayne Simpson analyzed the labour supply responses and discovered that they were generally smaller than those estimated for similar experiments in the United States. David Prescott, Robert Swidinsky, and David Wilton examined the labour supply response of female heads of household, showing that the presence of younger children and another income-earning head (husband) prompted a reduction in work. In 2016, David Calnitsky published an analysis of a community survey of Dauphin completed in 1976 that probed for motivations for participation and perceptions of stigma associated with a GAI. He finds that an important benefit of basic annual incomes is the reduced stigma compared to conventional welfare.

Economist Evelyn L. Forget conducted a quasi-experimental analysis that compared health outcomes of Dauphin residents with other Manitoba residents. This research did not use the Mincome data directly, but under the assumption that if a high proportion of Dauphin residents participated in Mincome, one should be able to discern differences in social, economic, and health outcomes for that group, compared to the general population. Forget found that in the period that Mincome was administered, hospital visits dropped 8.5 percent, with fewer incidents of work-related injuries, and fewer emergency room visits from accidents and injuries. Forget also compared proportions of women with children and suggested lower lifetime fertility as a possible outcome by comparing birth rates of young mothers with those of a control group. Additionally, the period saw a reduction in rates of psychiatric hospitalization, and in the number of mental illness-related consultations with health professionals.

The basic income is claimed to produce a range of health and social benefits, but it is important to underscore that none of the income maintenance experiments, including Mincome, produced direct evidence of a causal relation between income support and health outcomes. A focus of the Ontario Basic Income Pilot was to assess changes in health status among a range of other social outcomes, but the Ontario government cancelled this experiment in the summer of 2018.

A review of the Mincome experiment appeared in the Winnipeg Free Press on 23 January 2017. A comprehensive review of Mincome appears in Canadian Public Policy.

Accessing Mincome data and documentation
Mincome data and documentation may be accessed through the University of Manitoba Library system at the university's Dataverse website.

title: Mincome


text:
Talk:Sound reinforcement system

Article merged: See old talk-page here

merge
The decision was to RETAIN BOTH sound system and public address.

There is a bit of a discussion in public address about the proposed merge. If no more objections are made in a week or so i'll try to proceed with the merge as soon as I have time. That can be anywhere between just then, and over a month. Martijn Hoekstra 09:29, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

signal path
In terms of signal path, the definition there might be a little limiting. One could just say:

 * Electronic sound signal source (instrument, mic, cd, computer, etc.) is plugged into an amplifier.
 * The amplifier is plugged into speakers
 * You hear the speakers.

You can put whatever you want in with the amplifier stage. Also, on some smaller PA systems the amp and the speaker are in the same cabinet which further simplifies things. Bainz 18:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * One of the better ways I've seen of putting what is in a PA system is

 * sources
 * routing, processing and mixing (console, fx, etc, or a simple cable)
 * amplifying (in a mixer, in a cab, in a separate amp)
 * er.. transducin'? What ever the speakers do 67.68.154.63 06:15, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Don't forget that a competent Audio Engineer will have at least a general idea of the signal flow going on inside of the gear he is using. The signal flow within a console certainly should be well known by the engineer mixing on it. --PM - PhilyG talk 21:58, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

The head-worn type was first used in new gathering applications
I didn't correct this since I'm not 100% sure, but I guess this should be news gathering applications? 213.235.241.220 10:34, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Too Long
This article is too long winded for an encyclopedia, there is too much detail that should be covered in other articles, for example, noise gates, limiters, eq, etc should be covered in their respective pages with only a brief mention of use in a sound system, let the nuts and bolts of the "system parts" be described elsewhere. The tone also reads like a tutorial. DCwom 18:38, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Needs to be trimmed, with links to further detail. Binksternet 19:01, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have done some major trimming and rewriting of this section. Any better or is the general consensus that it is still too long?  It may be tough for someone who knows nothing about audio to have no small explanation of each component without going to the article for each one. --PM - PhilyG talk 01:28, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I no longer think it's too long due to the fact that it is more coherent and relevant. Good work! Binksternet (talk) 07:00, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

SR loudspeaker
I agree that the article is to long, but I have just fleshed out (added) a medium size chunk to the Loudspeaker section on history of design. I looked around, but Loudspeaker does not seem like a better choice. Maybe a new article on Sound reinforcement loudspeaker?

Robert.harker (talk) 09:46, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Sure, couldn't hurt to have that specific application covered. There would necessarily be a lot of overlap with the loudspeaker, loudspeaker enclosure, horn speaker, subwoofer, constant voltage speaker system and speaker driver articles but your proposed article could cover poorly-addressed areas such as rigging practices and prediction software. Binksternet (talk) 16:05, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Reordering applications
I do not thing the order of the applications makes logical sense. It jumps around. I propose a new order:
 * Rental systems
 * Live music clubs
 * Touring systems
 * Church sound
 * Classical music and opera
 * Lecture halls and conference rooms
 * Sports sound systems

If no one objects with in a week, I will go ahead and do it

Robert.harker (talk) 09:47, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * As I have been doing a lot of work on this article recently, I have rearranged the applications per your order. Good call.  --PM - PhilyG talk 01:25, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

B-Class?
What are the opinions of other editors about this article's validity as a B-Class article? If the general consensus is that the article is not ready, what can be done to get it to this level? I think that it is at least close to being that thorough. Perhaps in need of more consistency? Comment away please. --PM - PhilyG talk 21:39, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

 * It's absolutely B-Class right now. Moving toward GA-Class, I think the long list of references needs to be pruned until only the ones used in the article remain. Binksternet (talk) 04:32, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Merge revisited
I've got some questions about the 2006 decision to leave PA and SR as separate articles. See Talk:Public address --Kvng (talk) 15:16, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Other papers list too long??
Is it just me or is the list of other papers on sound reinforcement too long?? Moreover, many of the articles are from the 1960s and some even from the 1930s. I think some papers may be too dated. I think this list could be trimmed.OnBeyondZebrax (talk) 00:27, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

 * The list may be too long. But as to the relevancy of papers written in the 1930's, David Scheirman from JBL Pro once pointed out to me that most of the important audio research was done by Harry Olson and his team back in the 1930's at Bell Labs.  Take a look at his patents and papers.  Using line arrays as an example.  He invented them.  His basic research covered most of the current concepts that are in use today.  His equations are the same basic equations that are used today.  Why else are there so few patents that significantly impact the line array market.Robert.Harker (talk) 06:25, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't assume it is too long. We should have some sort of criteria for inclusion here though. ~KvnG 02:31, 30 May 2013 (UTC)

Lede pic
The lede pic is a great pic...but I think it would be nicer if we had one where the speakers were visible. I'll check on Wikimedia Commons and propose some potential replacements that show the speakers better. OnBeyondZebrax • TALK 22:17, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

 * ...I didn't find one either. WP:PDI may be useful. ~Kvng (talk) 14:06, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sound reinforcement system


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kbot

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge. Scimitar parley 19:37, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Kbot

 * Delete. Not really notable. If necessary, merge into Total Annihilation
 * Transwiki to Total Annihilation in Wikibooks if possible, otherwise delete. Jaxl 18:40, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. To Total Annihilation terms or something. --Kizor 19:00, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - someone's free to add a bit to Total Annihilation if this is important enough, of course. CDC   (talk)  21:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Total Annihilation. JamesBurns 06:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Total Annihilation, as with most computer game items. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:16, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page..

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kbot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BLoD

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no real consensus, using best judgement and merged into Total Annihilation. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 23:53, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

BLoD

 * Delete. Not really notable. If necessary, merge into Total Annihilation
 * Transwiki to Total Annihilation in Wikibooks if possible, otherwise delete. Jaxl 18:41, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. To Total Annihilation terms or something. --Kizor 19:00, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Total Annihilation. JamesBurns 06:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BLoD


text:
Tihar Prisons

Tihar Prisons, also called Tihar Jail and Tihar Ashram, is a prison complex in India and one of the largest complex of prisons in India. It has 9 functional prisons spread over more than 400 acres. Run by Department of Delhi Prisons, the prison contains nine central prisons, and is one of the three prison complexes in Delhi. The other two prison complexes are at Rohini and Mandoli with one and six central prisons respectively. Tihar prison complex is located in Janakpuri, approximately 3 km from Tihar village in West Delhi.

The prison is styled as a correctional institution. Its main objective is to convert its inmates into ordinary members of society by providing them with useful skills, education, and respect for the law. It aims to improve the inmates' self-esteem and strengthen their desire to improve. To engage, rehabilitate, and reform its inmates, Tihar uses music therapy, which involves music training sessions and concerts. The prison has its own radio station, run by inmates. There is also a prison industry within the walls, manned wholly by inmates, which bears the brand Tihar. , Tihar jail has 14,059 inmates against the sanctioned capacity of 5,200. The prison population as of 31 December 2023 has increased by double in comparison to the population as of 31 December 2018.

History
Originally, Tihar was a maximum-security prison run by the State of Punjab. In 1966 control was transferred to the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Beginning in 1984, additional facilities were constructed, and the complex became Tihar Prison, also the largest jail in India.

Under the charge of IPS officer Kiran Bedi, when she was Inspector General of Prisons, she instituted a number of prison reforms at Tihar, including changing its name to Tihar Ashram. She also instituted a Vipassana meditation program for both staff and inmates; initial classes were taught by S. N. Goenka. The Prison has also produced an inmate who has passed the UPSC civil service examinations.

Many of the inmates continue their higher education through distance education. The campus placement program was launched in 2011 for the rehabilitation of inmates about to complete their sentences. In 2014, a recruitment drive led to 66 inmates selected on the basis of their good conduct, received job offers with salaries up to per month, from as many as 31 recruiters, which included educational institutions, NGOs and private companies.

Jail factory
In 1961, the Jail Factory was established in Central Jail No.2, at Tihar. Over the years, its activities have expanded to include Carpentry, Weaving (Handloom & Powerloom), Tailoring, chemicals, Handmade paper, Commercial art, and baking. Later in 2009, a shoe manufacturing unit was established using the Public-Private Partnership model, and thus the brand TJ's was launched. As of May 2014, 700 inmates work in these units, and 25% of their earnings are deposited in the Victim Welfare Fund, which provides compensation to the victims and their families. A CSR initiative has been launched to provide a Level 4 training program comprising 340 hours of coursework to 1,200 inmates from the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) to empower inmates for a productive post-release life, as a step toward the rehabilitation of undertrials incarcerated for minor offences.

Notable prisoners

 * Abhijit Banerjee — Indian born American nobel laureate. While studying in JNU, he was arrested and imprisoned in Tihar Jail during a protest after students surrounded the then Vice Chancellor, PN Srivastava, of the university
 * Anubrata Mondal — Indian politician accused of cow smuggling
 * Sanjay Gandhi — former Member of Parliament and husband of Menaka Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi
 * Lalu Prasad Yadav — former Union Minister of Railways, former Chief Minister of Bihar, incarcerated for Fodder scam
 * Subrata Roy — founder of Sahara India Pariwar
 * Chhota Rajan — Mumbai-based gangster
 * Sushil Kumar — Indian Wrestler, arrested in connection with the murder of a 23-year-old wrestler at Chhatrasal Stadium
 * Satwant Singh and Kehar Singh — security guards, hanged for the assassination of Indira Gandhi
 * Charles Sobhraj — an international serial killer, secretly escaped from Tihar on 16 March 1986, but was recaptured shortly thereafter, returned to the prison and sentenced to an additional ten years for the escape. He was released and deported on completion of his term on 17 February 1997
 * Ripun Bora — education minister of Assam's Tarun Gogoi-led Congressional government, the main suspect in the Daniel Topno murder case, was arrested by CBI officials on 3 June 2008 and sent to Tihar on 7 June 2008
 * Suresh Kalmadi — former president of the Indian Olympic Association, who was arrested for alleged corruption regarding the 2010 Commonwealth Games
 * Amar Singh — former member of the Samajwadi Party, arrested in a cash-for-votes scandal
 * Anna Hazare and Arvind Kejriwal — Indian social activists fighting against corruption, were imprisoned in Tihar for protesting conflicts between differing Civil Society and UPA Government anti-corruption bills, known as the Jan Lokpal Bill and the Lokpal Bill, respectively
 * Jagtar Singh Hawara and Paramjit Singh Bheora, Khalistani militants, main accused in the assassination of Punjab Chief minister Beant Singh
 * Jagtar Singh Johal — accused in 2016–17 targeted killings in Punjab, India
 * Abhishek Verma — accused in Navy War Room Leak case & Scorpene Submarines deal.
 * Anca Neacșu Verma — wife of Abhishek Verma, co-accused in all his corruption cases
 * Afzal Guru — Kashmiri separatist and Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorist involved in the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, who was executed on 9 February 2013
 * Maqbool Bhat — Kashmiri separatist who waged war for secession of Kashmir as a separate state from India and Pakistan
 * Milkha Singh — former Indian sprinter, for traveling in a train without ticket.
 * P. Chidambaram — former Union Minister of Finance, Judicial custody in relation to the INX media Corruption case.
 * D. K. Shivakumar — former Minister in Karnataka Govt., sent to prison in money laundering case.
 * Sudhir Chaudhary — Indian journalist sent to 14-day judicial custody but was later released on bail in extortion case
 * Kuljeet Singh and Jasbir Singh — executed in 1982 for the Geeta and Sanjay Chopra kidnapping case
 * The accused in the 2G spectrum case, including A. Raja, M. K. Kanimozhi, Vinod Goenka, Shahid Balwa, and Sanjay Chandra
 * 5 of the accused in the 2012 Delhi gang rape; Ram Singh (committed suicide in March 2013), Mukesh Singh, Akshay Thakur, Pawan Gupta & Vinay Sharma; they were hanged on 20 March 2020
 * Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor and businessman
 * Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan, an Indian politician
 * Kanhaiya Kumar, Indian politician and activist
 * Umar Khalid, Indian Activist
 * E Abubacker, Indian politician
 * Asif Iqbal Tanha, Indian student activist
 * Sonu Punjaban, Indian sex trafficker
 * Lawrence Bishnoi, Indian gangster
 * The accused in the Delhi liquor scam, including K. Kavitha, Manish Sisodia, Satyendra Kumar Jain, and Sanjay Singh
 * The accused in the Delhi liquor scam, including K. Kavitha, Manish Sisodia, Satyendra Kumar Jain, and Sanjay Singh

Escapes
Sher Singh Rana, who had been arrested for the murder of Phoolan Devi in 2001, escaped from Tihar jail in February 2004. He was arrested again in 2006, in Kolkata.

In June 2015, two prisoners who were waiting for their trial in Tihar jail escaped through a tunnel.

Health concerns
The prison complex has no facilities for keeping paraplegic pre-trial inmates or convicts.

The Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre reports that around 6% to 8% of the 11,800 Tihar inmates are HIV-positive, which is considerably higher than the HIV rate among the general population in India.

In popular culture

 * Doing Time, Doing Vipassana is a 1997 documentary about the introduction of S. N. Goenka's 10-day Vipassana classes at Tihar Jail in 1993 by then Inspector General of Prisons in New Delhi, Kiran Bedi. Bedi had her guards trained in Vipassana first, and then she had Goenka give his initial class to 1,000 prisoners.
 * In the movie Jailer (2023), Rajinikanth is shown as Tihar Jailer "Tiger" Muthuvel "Muthu" Pandian.

title: Tihar Prisons


text:
Talk:Tihar Prisons

Untitled
Why is this in the sub category Penal system of India (relevance)? Why is it while Vellore Central Prison is not? Both are jails.
 * It shouldn't have been. Now it's not. Prisons of India is a subcat of Penal system in India. -- Necrothesp 17:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Renamed
I renamed this article from Tihar Jail to Tihar Prisons since their official web site in English refers to them that way primarily. Their site also uses the term tihar jail and tihar jail complex, though not tihar ashram anymore, but Tihar Prisons seems to be primary now. - Owlmonkey (talk) 04:00, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Sobhraj
On the Charles Sobhraj page, it refers to this prison as "notorious" for its terrible conditions, and asserts that said conditions are the reason that Sobhraj's female associates attempted suicide within a year of their initial imprisonment.

However, this article seems to present a completely different picture of the prison, focusing on the "music therapy" and "FM station" and other supposed accomplishments.

Can anyone who has anything close to direct experience with the prison please throw in their two cents on the matter, and perhaps a few ideas as to how these narratives can be reconciled? Thanks! 216.20.152.85 (talk) 05:54, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

Conflicting data
There is conflicting data on the prison capacity, in the first paragraph, it states that the capacity is 5,200 people, Where the infobox shows 6250 as the capacity. Please ammend this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by KR72 (talk • contribs) 09:40, 26 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tihar Prisons


text: User talk:217.136.51.73

title: User talk:217.136.51.73


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ellis Mclennon

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted. FCYTravis 19:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Ellis Mclennon
Non-notable, vanity. Entire content: "Ellis McLennon is the greatest person that ever lived." Delete. Tokek 18:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Probably could have been speedied for nonsense. --Durin 18:18, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Jaxl 18:25, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted - Very short article, no context, etc. etc. --FCYTravis 19:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Out of the Blue (1979 TV series)

Out of the Blue is an American fantasy sitcom that aired on ABC during the fall of 1979. It is chiefly notable as having featured a Mork & Mindy crossover, and for the debate surrounding its status as a spin-off of Happy Days.

Production
The series starred Jimmy Brogan as Random, an angel-in-training who is assigned to live with (and act as guardian angel for) a suburban Chicago family (led by a single mom played by Dixie Carter), as well as work as a high school teacher. The series debuted on September 9, 1979, but it received poor ratings against 60 Minutes on CBS (the #1 show on TV that year) and Disney on NBC. With only seven episodes aired, ABC pulled Blue, as well as fellow freshman sitcom A New Kind of Family, after their October 21 airings. Five more episodes were produced, but only one ever aired on ABC (on December 16) before Out of the Blue was canceled.

Spin-off debate
Out of the Blue has engendered debate amongst some viewers concerning its precise relationship to Happy Days. The controversy arises from the fact that the first episode of the series was broadcast a little over one week prior to an episode of Happy Days featuring Jimmy Brogan as the character Random. Television observer and owner of Sitcoms Online, Todd Fuller, maintains that because "Chachi Sells His Soul" aired on September 18, 1979, Random's appearance on this Happy Days episode was a crossover. He goes on to postulate: "The Happy Days episode was likely a promotional tool for Out of the Blue to make the character more known."

Thom Holbrook, who has a website devoted to TV crossovers and spin-offs, sees the arguments against calling it a spin-off, but ultimately concludes: "Making it a crossover would be basing things all on an odd bit of scheduling decades ago. The intent was spin off. The tone of the Happy Days episode is that of a dry run on the character, that of a pilot episode."

Cast

 * Jimmy Brogan as Random
 * Dixie Carter as Aunt Marion
 * Clark Brandon as Chris Richards #1
 * Olivia Barash as Laura Richards
 * Tammy Lauren as Stacey Richards
 * Jason Keller as Jason Richards
 * Shane Keller as Shane Richards
 * Hannah Dean as Gladys
 * Rad Daily as Chris Richards #2
 * Eileen Heckart as The Boss Angel

Guest stars

 * Robin Williams as Mork from Ork
 * Tim Conway as Wally Richards

title: Out of the Blue (1979 TV series)


text:
Sincerely (song)

"Sincerely" is a popular song written by Harvey Fuqua and Alan Freed and first released by The Moonglows in 1954.

The Moonglows recorded the song during their first session for Chess Records, which took place in October, 1954 at Universal Recording Corporation in Chicago. The Moonglows' version reached number one on the Billboard R&B chart and number 20 on the Billboard Juke Box chart. Co-writing credits were shared by Moonglows band member Fuqua and disk jockey Freed. After it became known that Freed often insisted on songwriter credits for songs by bands he promoted (which partially led to his downfall in a payola investigation years later), Fuqua noted that Freed had in fact contributed to the songwriting for "Sincerely", thus his claim to a songwriting credit in this case was legitimate.

McGuire Sisters cover
The best-selling version of "Sincerely" was a pop cover recorded by the McGuire Sisters, which entered the charts in 1954 and reached number one the next year. It was eventually certified as a gold record.

Other covers

 * Pat Boone recorded "Sincerely" as a non-album track and a B-side in 1964.
 * In 1988, a cover of the song by the country quartet Forester Sisters reached number eight on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart.

title: Sincerely (song)


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Circus Circus

Circus Circus is used as the name for:

Casinos

 * Circus Circus Atlantic City, a defunct hotel and casino project, Atlantic City, New Jersey
 * Circus Circus Enterprises, later Mandalay Resort Group, a casino operator
 * Circus Circus Las Vegas, owned by Phil Ruffin
 * Circus Circus Reno, owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment
 * Circus Circus Tunica, now Gold Strike Tunica, Mississippi

Music

 * Circus Circus (1900s band), a band that lasted from 1979 to 1981 and featured Blackie Lawless
 * Circus Circus (2000s band), a Post Hardcore band

title: Circus Circus


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New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove

New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Geography
New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove is in Newfoundland within Subdivision F of Division No. 1. It consists of five unincorporated communities on the Trinity Bay side of the northern tip of the Bay de Verde Peninsula.

Communities

 * New Chelsea

This small village was originally called Russells Cove, and circa 1864 housed some 16 families.
 * New Melbourne

Tradition has it that John Brown, who had migrated from Old Perlican around 1820, was the first settler in Brownsdale. He had established a sawmill there and was Brownsdale's first merchant. The original name of Brownsdale, Trinity Bay was Lance Cove South; the name was changed around 1910 to provide distinction from the other two Lance Coves on the island.
 * Brownsdale

Brownsdale's first school was built in 1856 to accommodate twenty pupils. The village's first church was Wesleyan, constructed in 1870; the current church, the United Church of Brownsdale, was built in 1892. In 1958 a new high school was built and named for Newfoundland poet E. J. Pratt.

Sibley's Cove is usually considered to include Torquay (pronounced tarquay), a cluster of houses on the East End of the cove. It is believed that the cove was probably named after a migrating fisherman.
 * Sibley's Cove
 * 1874 – Sibley’s Cove (combined with Lead Cove) first appears on the Census with a population of 61.
 * 1884 – The population is listed as 93.
 * 1891 – One vessel leaves Sibley’s Cove for the Labrador Fishery.
 * 1895 – The first school is built and kept by Isaac March of Brownsdale.
 * 1899 – A Methodist Chapel is built.
 * 1942 – An Orange Hall is constructed.
 * 1957 – A government wharf is constructed for the inshore fishermen.

Prior to 1871, the community had been renamed New Melbourne.

Lead Cove may take its name from the lead-grey rock that surrounds the shallow cove. Tradition also tells that Lead Cove may have received its name from one of its earliest settler, Abraham Button, who felt that he had been "led" to this site from Old Perlican in his search for a place to settle.
 * Lead Cove
 * 1870 – First house is built by Abraham Button.
 * 1874 – Census records eight families in Lead Cove and nearby Sibleys Cove.
 * 1901 – The strong Methodist community of Lead Cove has 57 residents.
 * 1916 – Cod liver oil factory, established by William Button, is the first commercial activity in Lead Cove.

Geology
All of these communities are underlain by Precambrian bedrock of the Big Head Formation, chiefly gray to green arkose and siltstone. Soils are stony loam podzols and are mapped as Turk's Cove series except at Lead Cove which lies on the less well drained Old Perlican series.

Demographics
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove recorded a population of 494 living in 221 of its 326 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 503. With a land area of 14.6 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Government
New Chelsea-New Melbourne-Brownsdale-Sibley's Cove-Lead Cove is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Terry Button.


text:
User:X1011

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text: User talk:81.157.178.58

title: User talk:81.157.178.58


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Porgy and Bess discography

Porgy and Bess, the opera by George Gershwin, has been recorded by a variety of artists since it was completed in 1935, including renditions by jazz instrumentalists and vocalists, in addition to operatic treatments.

Operatic and Broadway versions

 * The 2012 Broadway production starring Audra McDonald and Norm Lewis was recorded and released during its Broadway run.
 * Highlights from Porgy and Bess (RCA 1935), recorded days after the premiere by popular white opera singers with Gershwin's approval.
 * Mabel Mercer Sings, Cy Walter Plays, Selections From George Gershwin's Porgy And Bess (Liberty Music Shop 78 rpm album, 1942); Mabel Mercer sings three songs accompanied by Cy Walter, and Cy plays three solo songs. The album was reissued twice by AEI, as Cabin In The Sky/Porgy And Bess (AEI 1107, 1979 LP), and as Cabin In The Sky/Porgy And Bess/Carib Song (AEI-CD-17, 1995 CD), each with Cy's three songs combined as a single medley.
 * Selections from George Gershwin's folk opera Porgy and Bess (Decca 1940 & 1942) Two sets of recorded selections with members of the original cast and the 1942 Broadway revival cast including Anne Brown, Todd Duncan and Avon Long. Later reissued as a single LP with the misleading label, "original cast recording".
 * Porgy and Bess (RCA 1950), eight selections from the opera sung by Robert Merrill and Risë Stevens.
 * Porgy and Bess (Columbia Masterworks 1951), the first recording of the full opera (after the customary cuts), with Lawrence Winters as Porgy and Camilla Williams as Bess.
 * Porgy and Bess, (RCA 1963), a single disc of selections that brought back together the stars from the opera's world tour in the 1950s, Leontyne Price and William Warfield. Also included were the original Sportin' Life, John W. Bubbles, and McHenry Boatwright. Leontyne Price won a Grammy for her performance.
 * Porgy and Bess (Decca/London 1976), an uncut complete studio production with Leona Mitchell and the Cleveland Orchestra conducted by Lorin Maazel. A Grammy Award winner.
 * Another uncut Porgy and Bess (RCA) was recorded late in 1976 in studio sessions during a New York run of the Houston Grand Opera production. It was the second truly complete recording of the opera and it won a Grammy, making Porgy and Bess one of the few operas to win this award two years in a row. It was issued on 3 CDs in 1987.
 * Porgy and Bess (EMI 1989), an uncut complete studio recording of the Glyndebourne Festival Opera production under the direction of Simon Rattle. This recording served as the soundtrack of the acclaimed 1993 television production of the opera.
 * Porgy and Bess (Decca 2006), the first recording of the score as Gershwin arranged it for the original 1935 Broadway production (incorporating all of Gershwin's opening night cuts). With Alvy Powell (Porgy), Marquita Lister (Bess), Nicole Cabell (Clara) and Robert Mack (Sportin' Life), with the Nashville Symphony Orchestra conducted by John Mauceri. Studio recording made in Nashville.
 * Porgy and Bess (1952), a live recording, released in 2008, of a 1952 Hamburg Germany performance by the famous Davis/Breen touring company, starring Leontyne Price, William Warfield, and Cab Calloway. This is the only known recording from this production, and the first live recording of Porgy and Bess ever released.
 * Porgy and Bess (RCA Red Seal/Sony Music), a live 2009 recording from the styriarte festival in Graz, Austria, with a cast led by bass Jonathan Lemalu, conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Harnoncourt reviewed Gershwin's cuts for the Broadway version and retained those that were for dramatic reasons, while restoring material that was cut to ease the strain on the singers' voices. He also recreated the "Symphony of Noise" to open the final scene.

Jazz versions

 * The Complete Porgy and Bess (1956), Mel Tormé and Frances Faye. The first recording of nearly the entire work using jazz singers and instrumentalists.
 * Porgy and Bess (1957), Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald collaborated in another jazz interpretation of the opera
 * Porgy and Bess (1958), Miles Davis and Gil Evans recorded their own jazz instrumental interpretation of the opera.
 * Porgy and Bess (1959), Sammy Davis, Jr. and Carmen McRae recorded their own jazz vocal interpretation of the opera.
 * Oscar Peterson Plays Porgy & Bess (1959), Oscar Peterson recorded his instrumental interpretation of ten selections from the opera.
 * Porgy and Bess (1959), Harry Belafonte and Lena Horne released an album of ten selections.
 * The Jazz Soul of Porgy & Bess (1959), Bill Potts recorded his own big band interpretation of selections from the opera for United Artists.
 * Porgy and Bess in Modern Jazz (1959), Ralph Burns recorded his own jazz instrumental interpretation of the opera for Decca.
 * Porgy and Bess (1959) Diahann Carroll and the André Previn Trio recorded a version for United Artists Records.
 * Porgy and Bess (1959), Hank Jones (on piano) recorded selections from the opera for Capitol.
 * Porgy & Bess (1959), Mundell Lowe (on guitar) recorded selections from the opera for RCA Camden.
 * Porgy and Bess Revisited (1959), Rex Stewart and Cootie Williams (on trumpet) recorded selections from the opera for Warner Bros. Records.
 * Porgy & Bess (recorded 1957 released 1959), Buddy Collette (on flute and bass clarinet) recorded selections from the opera for Interlude. Also available as Pete Jolly Gasses Everybody for Charlie Parker Records.
 * The Modern Jazz Quartet Plays George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1965), The Modern Jazz Quartet recorded their interpretation of seven instrumentals from the opera.
 * Porgy and Bess (1976), Oscar Peterson and Joe Pass recorded selections from the opera.
 * Porgy and Bess (1976), Ray Charles and Cleo Laine recorded selections from the opera for RCA.
 * Porgy and Bess (1997), Joe Henderson (on tenor sax) recorded selections from the opera for Verve.
 * George Gershwin's Porgy & Bess (2003), Clark Terry with Jeff Lindberg and the Chicago Jazz Orchestra. An interpretation of the Gil Evans arrangements (transcribed by Lindberg) from the 1958 Miles Davis album (with a new arrangement of "I Loves You, Porgy" by Charles Harrison III).

Film soundtrack version

 * Porgy and Bess (Columbia 1959), excerpts from the motion picture soundtrack, featuring the voices of Robert McFerrin and Adele Addison, who dubbed the singing for Sidney Poitier and Dorothy Dandridge as Porgy and Bess in the film. Pearl Bailey and Brock Peters are also heard, but Cab Calloway substitutes on the record as Sportin' Life for Sammy Davis, Jr. because of contractual conflicts. Revised orchestrations and a new overture were written by the film's music director, André Previn who also conducts.

title: Porgy and Bess discography


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Wafd Party

The  Wafd Party (lit. 'Delegation Party'; حزب الوفد, Ḥizb al-Wafd) was a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. It was said to be Egypt's most popular and influential political party for a period from the end of World War I through the 1930s. During this time, it was instrumental in the development of the 1923 constitution, and supported moving Egypt from dynastic rule to a constitutional monarchy, where power would be wielded by a nationally-elected parliament. The party was dissolved in 1952, after the 1952 Egyptian Revolution.

Rise
The Wafd party was an Egyptian nationalist movement that came into existence in the aftermath of World War I. Although it was not the first nationalist group in Egypt, it had the longest lasting impact. It was preceded and influenced by smaller and less significant movements which evolved over time into the more modern and stronger nationalist Wafd Party. One of these earlier movements was the Urabi Revolt led by Ahmed Urabi in the early 1880s. This uprising fought against the ruling powers of the Egyptian Khedive and European interference with Egyptian affairs. Saad Zaghloul, the future creator and leader of the Wafd Party, was a follower of Orabi, and participated in the revolt. The actual party began taking shape during World War I and was founded in November 1918. The original members included seven prominent figures of the Egyptian landed gentry and legal profession, including their leader Saad Zaghloul. They presented themselves with Zaghloul as their representative to Reginald Wingate, the British High Commissioner in Egypt and requested to represent Egypt at the Paris Peace Conference. They told Wingate that the main goal of the Wafd was the immediate termination of the British occupation of Egypt, but not of their intention to use the Paris Peace Conference to plead their case to the world powers. Zaghloul had created a delegation that involved representatives of most of the political and social groups of Egypt. Since it was full of so many different groups, it could not yet truly be considered a political party but more of a coalition. The Wafd had formed a constitution, outlining the ways that they wished to govern Egypt.

The Wafd was denied its request to go to London and speak with the home government, nor were they allowed to attend the Paris peace conference. The Wafd counteracted this by publishing memos and giving speeches ensuring that the delegations in Paris would know what the real Egyptian delegation desired. Zaghloul became a popular figure amongst the Egyptian public and was able to arouse popular discontent at Egyptian's continued status as a British protectorate. British authorities arrested Zaghloul and three other leaders and had them exiled to the island of Malta in 1919. These deportations caused the opposite effect to that the British had hoped, and though attempts were made to keep it quiet, word spread and eventually led to a strike of law students. This strike became a demonstration with chants including "Long live Saad! … Long live Independence!" This started the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, and in the following days many more began to strike and the government and courts shut down entirely. Several riots and other disturbances broke out over Egypt, which were gradually suppressed by the British. The British then released Saad Zaghloul and his followers, hoping to create a rift in the Wafd leadership. However, the party became more unified and the strikes continued.

The Wafd was now becoming a true party and one with widespread support of the people. The delegation made its way to Paris only to hear that U.S. President Woodrow Wilson supported the British Protectorate of Egypt. Although at this point the British were still in control, the Wafd was effectively leading the people of Egypt. In 1920, the British protectorate ended and the Wafd was placed in control of Egypt. The party rapidly became the dominant political organization in the country through most of the liberal period which came to an end with the rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Government party
The three-decade period between Britain's nominal exit in 1922 and the nationalist revolution of 1952 saw the erection of an uneasy balance of power between the King, the British Residency, and the Wafd leadership, of which the Wafd was the least powerful. In the fragile stability of this triangle, the Wafd became Egypt's preeminent political organization, described by contemporary historians as "the first in the field," "the best organized," and "the strongest numerically." In the 1924 parliamentary election the Wafd won 179 of 211 parliamentary seats. In 1936 it won 89% of the vote and 157 seats in Parliament. However, ties between the Wafd and the two other axes of power – the King and the Residency – were strained by the party's raison d'être of opposing British intervention in Egypt and the King's collusion therein. King Fuad I's relations with the Wafd were described as "cool," and ties between the monarch and the largest political party further deteriorated after Fuad's son Farouk, who succeeded his father to the sultanate, signed an unduly quiescent treaty with the British in 1936. This alienated the party that had arisen primarily out of popular resentment of British control of Egypt and commanded popular support by associating itself most closely with the nationalist struggle for full Egyptian independence.

Decline
The power vacuum resulting from the end of the British mandate over Egypt also precipitated a severe welfare provision vacuum which the new government failed to fill. By the 1930s, Egypt became a top destination for Christian missionary organizations, which funded and performed badly needed social services for the Egyptian middle and lower classes. Western Proselytism consortia beseeched their sponsors "to make heavy sacrifices so that Egyptian children could have a better education than their own parents could afford"; likewise, the proliferation of missionary-operated hospitals exposed the inadequacy of government-provided healthcare.

Further social unrest resulted from the government's inability to resolve metastasizing labor disputes threatening the Egyptian economy. The twin occurrences of the worldwide recession prompted by the Great Depression and a regional cotton crisis slowed Egypt's GDP growth through the late 1920s and most of the following two decades. The consequent instability in the labor market motivated early attempts at widespread unionization. Sensing a threat to its unrivaled power, the Wafd implemented numerous local labor conciliation boards, which were essentially toothless owing to the dearth of labor laws on a national level. Though the Wafd secured guarantees of a permanent national labor council, no significant labor laws were enacted; those that did gain passage were not enforced; and the Wafd was unable to effect any substantial change in the fiercely anti-union policy of the government.

Failures of youth mobilization
During the 1920s, the party's leadership had placed very low emphasis on the recruitment and mobilization of youth. Complacent in its dominant parliamentary position, the Wafd did not pursue innovative methods of youth organization until at least the mid-1930s, leaving it hopelessly behind future competitors such as the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, which had employed a far more effective local-franchising system since its inception in 1928. After student demonstrations against the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and the anti-labor policies of the government began to reveal cracks in the previously ironclad Wafd coalition, party leaders created a youth wing dubbed the "Blue Shirts." However, rather than capitalizing on the grassroots nature of the youth movements, the party instead tried to slot the Blue Shirts onto their own rung in the top-down Wafd hierarchy, presenting members with uniforms, badges, and a standardized salute – all under the motto "Obedience & Struggle." By June 1937, the Wafd feared that the Blue Shirts were becoming too militant, and thereafter further restricted their privileges. Having never fully embraced youth mobilization, by the close of the 1930s the uneasy Wafd leadership had essentially abandoned any efforts at intergenerational coalition-building.

Accommodation of the British presence
Easily the greatest factor contributing to popular disillusionment with the Wafd was the party's failure to boycott the Farouk government after it acceded to the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. The policies followed by the party during the Anglo-Egyptian crisis of the mid-1930s alienated many Egyptian nationalists – heretofore the single most reliable support bloc for the Wafd – and severed the party between its small but powerful accommodationist minority and its large but voiceless resistant majority. The failure of the Wafd to more aggressively oppose the continuation of the British presence "left Egyptian politics devoid of a popularly legitimized leader or party."

Dissolution
The collapse of the widespread popular support once commanded by the Wafd has been historically attributed to the combined embattlements of three distinct trends in Egyptian politics of the pre-revolutionary era. The party, along with all other Egyptian political parties, was banned in January 1953 by Gamal Abdel Nasser following the Free Officers Revolution of 1952. The paper of the party, Al Misri, was also closed in 1954.

title: Wafd Party


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San Cristóbal de La Laguna

San Cristóbal de La Laguna (commonly known as La Laguna, ) is a city and municipality in the northern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, on the Canary Islands, Spain. The former capital of the Canary Islands, the city is the third-most populous city of the archipelago and the second-most populous city of the island.

In 1999 the historical center of La Laguna was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, after being nominated by Spain. La Laguna is situated alongside the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife; thus, the two cities and municipalities form a single large urban center. Its economy is business-oriented while agriculture dominates the northeastern portion of the city. The urban area dominates the central and the southern parts.

La Laguna is considered to be the cultural capital of the Canary Islands. It holds the incorrupt body of Sor María de Jesús, and the Christ of La Laguna (Cristo de La Laguna).

A landmark of the city is the Cathedral of La Laguna, which is the Catholic cathedral of Tenerife and its diocese (Diocese of Tenerife). Important historical figures of the city include Amaro Pargo, one of the famous corsairs of the Golden Age of Piracy, and José de Anchieta, Catholic saint, missionary, and founder of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The 16th- century young woman, Catalina Lercaro, was said to have committed suicide rather than accept an arranged marriage she opposed. Her spectre or ghost is said to haunt her former family mansion, now used as a museum of history of Tenerife.

Etymology
Alonso Fernández de Lugo named the city as "Villa de San Cristóbal de La Gran Laguna" upon its founding, believed to be related to a nearby pond or lake (laguna). The name was later shortened to "San Cristóbal de La Laguna".

Coat of arms
Queen Joanna of Castile granted the coat of arms on 23 March 1510, designated for the island of Tenerife. Officials of the town of La Laguna, designated as the capital after the conquest, adopted this emblem as their own.

It features an island with a volcano spitting fire, on waves, between a castle and a lion. Above is the archangel Saint Michael, holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other. In the border, the inscription Michael Arcangele Veni in Adjutorium Populo Dei Thenerife Me Fecit. These elements symbolize the incorporation of the island of Tenerife to the Crown of Castile and its evangelization under the patronage of Saint Michael.

Subdivisions

 * La Verdellada
 * Viña Nava
 * El Coromoto
 * San Benito
 * El Bronco
 * La Cuesta
 * Taco
 * Tejina
 * Valleguerra
 * Bajamar
 * Punta del Hidalgo
 * Geneto
 * Los Baldios
 * Guamasa
 * El Ortigal
 * Las Mercedes
 * El Batan
 * Las Carboneras
 * San Diego
 * Las Gavias

Climate
Because it captures moisture from the prevailing northeasterly winds, San Cristóbal de La Laguna has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb) that contrasts with the arid climate of other cities on the Canary Islands. It receives three to five times more rainfall than falls on the southern slopes, around ten percent less sunshine, and about ten percent higher humidity throughout the year. In spite of its elevation, the maritime and subtropical influences keep the temperature above frost at all times.

History
The land upon which the city now stands belonged to the Menceyato de Anaga, which was one of nine aboriginal Guanche kingdoms on the island until its conquest by the Kingdom of Castile. The valley of Aguere (where the city lies) and especially the large lake that was in this place, was a place of pilgrimage for the aborigines of the island.

The Battle of Aguere was fought in the city in 1494. The city was founded between 1496 and 1497 by Alonso Fernández de Lugo and became the capital of the island of Tenerife after the conclusion of the conquest of the islands. Later the city became the capital of all of the Canary Islands. In 1582, the city suffered an epidemic of plague that resulted in between 5,000 and 9,000 deaths.

The layout of the city resembles that of many Spanish colonial cities in the Americas. Since the urban plan of the city of La Laguna was the model for these Latin American cities. The University of La Laguna was founded in 1701.

A declining population and economy in the 18th century resulted in the transfer of the capital to Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1723. Santa Cruz has since been the capital of the island of Tenerife and the sole capital of the Canary Islands until 1927, since which time the capital of the Canary Islands has been shared with the city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

The Tenerife North Airport at Los Rodeos was opened in the 1930s and is today expanding.

The historic center of the city was declared a World Heritage Site on 2 December 1999. Several streets of historical significance have been closed off to automobile traffic. La Laguna has often been called the «Florence of the Canary Islands», due to its many churches and convents, as well as its old town and historic buildings. Also due to the fact that the city was the cradle or seat of different artistic and cultural movements then exported to the rest of the Canary archipelago, especially in the religious sphere as in Holy Week, or having been the cradle in the Canaries of the movement of the Enlightenment, also called the «Century of Lights». This favored the emergence especially in the Baroque period (XVII-XVIII centuries) of notable sculptors, painters and architects who exercised their trade in the city and sometimes exported their works to the rest of the archipelago.

Several tunnels, passages and underground vaults dating from the immediate aftermath of the founding of the city have recently been found. These tunnels are located beneath some iconic buildings such as the Iglesia de la Concepción, the Cathedral of La Laguna and the former Convent of San Agustín. Researchers believe that the present city of La Laguna has been raised, because now it does not have the same ground level as at the time of its founding. In some places it is more than one meter higher and buries what is underneath.

Main sights

 * Cathedral of La Laguna: with a neoclassical façade (1819).
 * Iglesia de la Concepción: It was the first parish to be built on the island of Tenerife.
 * Old City: It is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, because the layout of its streets has served as a model for the construction of some of the main Latin American capitals. There are many colonial-style buildings there, with their wooden balconies and magnificent tree-lined courtyards that occupy the center of the building. We can also visit several, richly planted with trees and flowers.
 * Real Santuario del Santísimo Cristo de La Laguna: It is one of the most important temples in the city and on the island, as inside is the venerated image of Christ, very popular in the archipelago.
 * University of La Laguna: The first university founded in the Canary Islands.
 * Casa Anchieta: It is the birthplace of Saint José de Anchieta, considered by the Catholic Church as the Apostle of Brazil.
 * Salazar Palace: It is the palace of the Salazar de Frías Family, currently it works as the bishop's palace of the Diocese of Tenerife. Inside the building, the Bishopric Chapel stands out, the fruit of the work of an international and ecumenical group led by the Slovenian Jesuit, Marko Ivan Rupnik with a neo-Byzantine mosaic that represents the mystery of Pentecost.
 * Nava Palace: It is an example of Canarian architecture that combines Baroque, Neoclassical and Mannerist elements.
 * Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán: It is one of the oldest churches in the city, in it is the tomb of the famous corsair Amaro Pargo.
 * Instituto Canarias Cabrera Pinto: The oldest secondary school in the archipelago still in use.
 * Teatro Leal: Built in 1915.
 * Plaza del Adelantado: The city's main square surrounded by many interesting buildings: the town hall (Casa del Corregidor), the Nava Palace, the Santa Catalina de Siena convent, the San Miguel Arcángel hermitage.
 * Museum of the History of Tenerife: (Palacio Lercaro) Museum that presents the history of the island from the 15th century to the present day. The museum is also known for the alleged appearances of the ghost of Catalina Lercaro, a young woman from the 16th century who committed suicide.

Festivals and holidays
The Romería Regional de San Benito Abad is a popular romeria that is considered the most representative of the Canary Islands, which involves groups coming from all corners of the archipelago. The second Sunday of July is celebrated. She is also considered among the most important romeria in Spain. Courtship is carried through the streets in which people are dressed in traditional costumes and decorated with typical products bullock carts. Along the way throughout the city there are also Canarian folk music.

Holiday of the Cristo de La Laguna is celebrated every 14 September in honor of a much venerated image of Christ in the Canary Islands, the Cristo de La Laguna. For this event come people from all over the archipelago. It is the leading holidays in town.

Holy Week in the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna is the largest of the Canary Islands. Holy Week has steps of great historical and artistic value, such as the aforementioned Cristo de La Laguna, accompanied by their guilds, some of them centuries old and which adopted the use of the hood in the nineteenth century, ride on the wheeled carts streets of the city.

Sister cities

 * 🇨🇴 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
 * 🇧🇷 São Paulo, Brazil
 * 🇪🇸 Telde, Spain
 * 🇲🇽 Colima, Mexico

People

 * José de Anchieta (19 March 1534 – 9 June 1597), saint and important in the early colonial history of Brazil
 * Juan Núñez de la Peña (1641–1721), a Spanish historian
 * Amaro Pargo (1678–1747), Spanish corsair
 * José Rodríguez de la Oliva (1695–1777): sculptor and painter of Baroque
 * Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez (1758–1835): priest, confessor of King Ferdinand VII of Spain and Titular Archbishop of Heraclea
 * Juan Domingo de Monteverde (1773–1832), military man
 * Oscar Domínguez (9 January 1906 – 31 December 1957), Spanish painter and surrealist
 * Antonio Cubillo (3 June 1930 – 10 December 2012), revolutionary and politician
 * Suso Santana (born 2 March 1985), footballer
 * Sergio Rodriguez (born 12 June 1986), basketball player
 * Cristo Reyes (born 30 July 1987), darts player
 * Ana Guerra (born 1994): singer. Famous for being a contestant of the television program Operación Triunfo 2017

title: San Cristóbal de La Laguna