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User talk:A i s h2000

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title: User talk:A i s h2000


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Crystallographic restriction theorem

The crystallographic restriction theorem in its basic form was based on the observation that the rotational symmetries of a crystal are usually limited to 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, and 6-fold. However, quasicrystals can occur with other diffraction pattern symmetries, such as 5-fold; these were not discovered until 1982 by Dan Shechtman.

Crystals are modeled as discrete lattices, generated by a list of independent finite translations. Because discreteness requires that the spacings between lattice points have a lower bound, the group of rotational symmetries of the lattice at any point must be a finite group (alternatively, the point is the only system allowing for infinite rotational symmetry). The strength of the theorem is that not all finite groups are compatible with a discrete lattice; in any dimension, we will have only a finite number of compatible groups.

Dimensions 2 and 3
The special cases of 2D (wallpaper groups) and 3D (space groups) are most heavily used in applications, and they can be treated together.

Lattice proof
A rotation symmetry in dimension 2 or 3 must move a lattice point to a succession of other lattice points in the same plane, generating a regular polygon of coplanar lattice points. We now confine our attention to the plane in which the symmetry acts, illustrated with lattice vectors in the figure.

[[Image:Crystallographic restriction polygons.png|right|280px|thumb|Lattices restrict polygons

Compatible: 6-fold (3-fold), 4-fold (2-fold)

Incompatible: 8-fold, 5-fold]]

Now consider an 8-fold rotation, and the displacement vectors between adjacent points of the polygon. If a displacement exists between any two lattice points, then that same displacement is repeated everywhere in the lattice. So collect all the edge displacements to begin at a single lattice point. The edge vectors become radial vectors, and their 8-fold symmetry implies a regular octagon of lattice points around the collection point. But this is impossible, because the new octagon is about 80% as large as the original. The significance of the shrinking is that it is unlimited. The same construction can be repeated with the new octagon, and again and again until the distance between lattice points is as small as we like; thus no discrete lattice can have 8-fold symmetry. The same argument applies to any k-fold rotation, for k greater than 6.

A shrinking argument also eliminates 5-fold symmetry. Consider a regular pentagon of lattice points. If it exists, then we can take every other edge displacement and (head-to-tail) assemble a 5-point star, with the last edge returning to the starting point. The vertices of such a star are again vertices of a regular pentagon with 5-fold symmetry, but about 60% smaller than the original.

Thus the theorem is proved.

The existence of quasicrystals and Penrose tilings shows that the assumption of a linear translation is necessary. Penrose tilings may have 5-fold rotational symmetry and a discrete lattice, and any local neighborhood of the tiling is repeated infinitely many times, but there is no linear translation for the tiling as a whole. And without the discrete lattice assumption, the above construction not only fails to reach a contradiction, but produces a (non-discrete) counterexample. Thus 5-fold rotational symmetry cannot be eliminated by an argument missing either of those assumptions. A Penrose tiling of the whole (infinite) plane can only have exact 5-fold rotational symmetry (of the whole tiling) about a single point, however, whereas the 4-fold and 6-fold lattices have infinitely many centres of rotational symmetry.

Trigonometry proof
Consider two lattice points A and B separated by a translation vector r. Consider an angle α such that a rotation of angle α about any lattice point is a symmetry of the lattice. Rotating about point B by α maps point A to a new point A'. Similarly, rotating about point A by α maps B to a point B'. Since both rotations mentioned are symmetry operations, A' and B' must both be lattice points. Due to periodicity of the crystal, the new vector r' which connects them must be equal to an integer multiple of r:

 * $$ \mathbf{r}' = m\mathbf{r} $$

with $$m$$ integer. The four translation vectors, three of length $$r=|\mathbf{r}|$$ and one, connecting A' and B', of length $$r'=|\mathbf{r}'|$$, form a trapezium. Therefore, the length of r' is also given by:

 * $$ r' = 2r\cos\alpha - r. $$

Combining the two equations gives:

 * $$ \cos\alpha = \frac{m+1}{2} = \frac{M}{2} $$

where $$M=m+1$$ is also an integer. Bearing in mind that $$|\cos\alpha|\le 1$$ we have allowed integers $$M\in\{-2,-1,0,1,2\}$$. Solving for possible values of $$\alpha$$ reveals that the only values in the 0° to 180° range are 0°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 180°. In radians, the only allowed rotations consistent with lattice periodicity are given by 2π/n, where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. This corresponds to 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold symmetry, respectively, and therefore excludes the possibility of 5-fold or greater than 6-fold symmetry.

Short trigonometry proof

Consider a line of atoms A-O-B, separated by distance a. Rotate the entire row by θ = +2π/n and θ = −2π/n, with point O kept fixed. After the rotation by +2π/n, A is moved to the lattice point C and after the rotation by -2π/n, B is moved to the lattice point D. Due to the assumed periodicity of the lattice, the two lattice points C and D will be also in a line directly below the initial row; moreover C and D will be separated by r = ma, with m an integer. But by trigonometry, the separation between these points is:

 * $$2a\cos{\theta} = 2a\cos{\frac{2\pi}{n}}$$.

Equating the two relations gives:

 * $$2\cos{\frac{2\pi}{n}}=m$$

This is satisfied by only n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.

Matrix proof
For an alternative proof, consider matrix properties. The sum of the diagonal elements of a matrix is called the trace of the matrix. In 2D and 3D every rotation is a planar rotation, and the trace is a function of the angle alone. For a 2D rotation, the trace is 2 cos θ; for a 3D rotation, 1 + 2 cos θ.

Examples
 * Consider a 60° (6-fold) rotation matrix with respect to an orthonormal basis in 2D.
 * $$\begin{bmatrix} {1/2} & -{\sqrt{3}/2} \\ {\sqrt{3}/2} & {1/2} \end{bmatrix}$$
 * The trace is precisely 1, an integer.

 * Consider a 45° (8-fold) rotation matrix.
 * $$\begin{bmatrix} {1/\sqrt{2}} & -{1/\sqrt{2}} \\ {1/\sqrt{2}} & {1/\sqrt{2}} \end{bmatrix}$$
 * The trace is 2/$\sqrt{2}$, not an integer.

Selecting a basis formed from vectors that spans the lattice, neither orthogonality nor unit length is guaranteed, only linear independence. However the trace of the rotation matrix is the same with respect to any basis. The trace is a similarity invariant under linear transformations. In the lattice basis, the rotation operation must map every lattice point into an integer number of lattice vectors, so the entries of the rotation matrix in the lattice basis – and hence the trace – are necessarily integers. Similar as in other proofs, this implies that the only allowed rotational symmetries correspond to 1,2,3,4 or 6-fold invariance. For example, wallpapers and crystals cannot be rotated by 45° and remain invariant, the only possible angles are: 360°, 180°, 120°, 90° or 60°.

Example
 * Consider a 60° (360°/6) rotation matrix with respect to the oblique lattice basis for a tiling by equilateral triangles.
 * $$\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$$
 * The trace is still 1. The determinant (always +1 for a rotation) is also preserved.

The general crystallographic restriction on rotations does not guarantee that a rotation will be compatible with a specific lattice. For example, a 60° rotation will not work with a square lattice; nor will a 90° rotation work with a rectangular lattice.

Higher dimensions
When the dimension of the lattice rises to four or more, rotations need no longer be planar; the 2D proof is inadequate. However, restrictions still apply, though more symmetries are permissible. For example, the hypercubic lattice has an eightfold rotational symmetry, corresponding to an eightfold rotational symmetry of the hypercube. This is of interest, not just for mathematics, but for the physics of quasicrystals under the cut-and-project theory. In this view, a 3D quasicrystal with 8-fold rotation symmetry might be described as the projection of a slab cut from a 4D lattice.

The following 4D rotation matrix is the aforementioned eightfold symmetry of the hypercube (and the cross-polytope):
 * $$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}.$$

Transforming this matrix to the new coordinates given by
 * $$B = \begin{bmatrix} -1/2 & 0 & -1/2 & \sqrt 2/2 \\ 1/2 & \sqrt 2/2 & -1/2 & 0 \\ -1/2 & 0 & -1/2 & -\sqrt 2/2 \\ -1/2 & \sqrt 2/2 & 1/2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$$ will produce:
 * $$B A B^{-1} = \begin{bmatrix} \sqrt 2/2 & \sqrt 2/2 & 0 & 0 \\ -\sqrt 2/2 & \sqrt 2/2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -\sqrt 2/2 & \sqrt 2/2 \\ 0 & 0 & -\sqrt 2/2 & -\sqrt 2/2 \end{bmatrix}.$$

This third matrix then corresponds to a rotation both by 45° (in the first two dimensions) and by 135° (in the last two). Projecting a slab of hypercubes along the first two dimensions of the new coordinates produces an Ammann–Beenker tiling (another such tiling is produced by projecting along the last two dimensions), which therefore also has 8-fold rotational symmetry on average.

The A4 lattice and F4 lattice have order 10 and order 12 rotational symmetries, respectively.

To state the restriction for all dimensions, it is convenient to shift attention away from rotations alone and concentrate on the integer matrices. We say that a matrix A has order k when its k-th power (but no lower), Ak, equals the identity. Thus a 6-fold rotation matrix in the equilateral triangle basis is an integer matrix with order 6. Let OrdN denote the set of integers that can be the order of an N×N integer matrix. For example, Ord2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}. We wish to state an explicit formula for OrdN.

Define a function ψ based on Euler's totient function φ; it will map positive integers to non-negative integers. For an odd prime, p, and a positive integer, k, set ψ(pk) equal to the totient function value, φ(pk), which in this case is pk−pk−1. Do the same for ψ(2k) when k > 1. Set ψ(2) and ψ(1) to 0. Using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, we can write any other positive integer uniquely as a product of prime powers, m = Πα pα kα ; set ψ(m) = Σα ψ(pαkα). This differs from the totient itself, because it is a sum instead of a product.

The crystallographic restriction in general form states that OrdN consists of those positive integers m such that ψ(m) ≤ N.

 * {| class="wikitable"

 * + Smallest dimension for a given order
 * - align="center"
 * m || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18 || 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 || 24 || 25 || 26 || 27 || 28 || 29 || 30 || 31
 * - align="center"
 * ψ(m) || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 2 || 6 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 10 ||  4 || 12 ||  6 || 6 || 8 || 16 || 6 || 18 || 6 || 8 || 10 || 22 || 6 || 20 || 12 || 18 || 8 || 28 || 6 || 30
 * }

For m>2, the values of ψ(m) are equal to twice the algebraic degree of cos(2π/m); therefore, ψ(m) is strictly less than m and reaches this maximum value if and only if m is a prime.

These additional symmetries do not allow a planar slice to have, say, 8-fold rotation symmetry. In the plane, the 2D restrictions still apply. Thus the cuts used to model quasicrystals necessarily have thickness.

Integer matrices are not limited to rotations; for example, a reflection is also a symmetry of order 2. But by insisting on determinant +1, we can restrict the matrices to proper rotations.

Formulation in terms of isometries
The crystallographic restriction theorem can be formulated in terms of isometries of Euclidean space. A set of isometries can form a group. By a discrete isometry group we will mean an isometry group that maps each point to a discrete subset of RN, i.e. the orbit of any point is a set of isolated points. With this terminology, the crystallographic restriction theorem in two and three dimensions can be formulated as follows.

 * For every discrete isometry group in two- and three-dimensional space which includes translations spanning the whole space, all isometries of finite order are of order 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6.

Isometries of order n include, but are not restricted to, n-fold rotations. The theorem also excludes S8, S12, D4d, and D6d (see point groups in three dimensions), even though they have 4- and 6-fold rotational symmetry only. Rotational symmetry of any order about an axis is compatible with translational symmetry along that axis.

The result in the table above implies that for every discrete isometry group in four- and five-dimensional space which includes translations spanning the whole space, all isometries of finite order are of order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12.

All isometries of finite order in six- and seven-dimensional space are of order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24 or 30.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Crystallographic restriction theorem


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User talk:Diurne

Welcome
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title: User talk:Diurne


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User talk:T34

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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User:Tony Morales~enwiki

Second-generation drummer. His father, Lloyd Morales, has worked with various big bands and singers for the last 30 years, including Frank Sinatra, Les Brown, Barbra Streisand and Dean Martin.

Tony was born in Los Angeles, Ca., went to Eagle Rock High School, and was a member of the school's award-winning jazz big band. After that, I went on to record over 30 records and/or perform live with:

* Rippingtons * Rickie Lee Jones * David Benoit * Patti Austin * Diane Schuur * The Benoit/Freeman Project * Kilauea * Pocket Change * Peggy Lee * Eric Marienthal * Stan Ridgeway * Grant Geissman * The Grandmothers (Zappa's old band) * The Fowler Brothers * Nelson Rangell * Full Swing * Carl Anderson

Film and television credits include:

* Two "Charlie Brown" specials * "The Young and the Restless" (featured on-camera with the band). * "Into the Night" (with The Rippingtons) * "Arsenio Hall" (with the Benoit/Freeman Project) * "KTTV's 35th Anniversary Special" (with Full Swing) * "Dream On" (the HBO series) * "Cheers" * "The Pink Panther" cartoons * "The Mask" (Jim Carrey movie) * "Encyclopedia Brown" (for HBO) * "Frasier" * "All My Chidren"

In 1996 Tony went to work for SGI Silicon Graphics Inc. as a webmaster where he now manages SGI's web presence.

title: User:Tony Morales~enwiki


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User talk:Jasonpage

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User talk:Jorang~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:Jorang~enwiki


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The Storm (radio station)

The Storm was a digital-only, modern rock music radio station broadcasting in parts of Central and Southern UK, and owned by GCap Media. It played music from bands such as Green Day, The Killers, Kaiser Chiefs, The Libertines, Garbage and Franz Ferdinand.

In November 2005, as part of a review of GCap Media services, it was decided that The Storm was to be replaced with Xfm on most digital radio multiplexes. This move occurred on 23 January 2006. Chill replaced The Storm on digital TV.

Live broadcasts on The Storm closed down on 20 January 2006 at 2305 GMT. The last track played by presenter Neil Grayson was Green Day's "Good Riddance (Time of your Life)".

An automated service (including a text-to-speech "DJ") playing the same music format, was left in place on three multiplex areas where Xfm was already broadcast digitally (London, Wolverhampton and Bristol). This was eventually removed in August 2006 from Bristol and Wolverhampton and from the London multiplex on 27 March 2007. Its frequency was taken over by Premier Christian Radio.

title: The Storm (radio station)


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Cobbs Creek

Cobbs Creek is an 11.8 mi tributary of Darby Creek in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It forms an approximate border between Montgomery County and Delaware County. After Cobbs Creek passes underneath Township Line Road (U.S. Route 1), it forms the border between Philadelphia County and Delaware County. It runs directly through the two sides of Mount Moriah Cemetery which spans the border of Southwest Philadelphia and Yeadon, Pennsylvania. It later joins Darby Creek before flowing into the Delaware River.

History
Prior to European colonization, Cobbs Creek was inhabited by the Lenape Native American tribe, who called the creek "Karakung," believed to mean "the place of the wild geese." It was used primarily for hunting, fishing, transportation, and agriculture. Additionally, at the mouth of Mill Creek, a neighboring water source, there existed village named "Arronemink," meaning "where the fish cease." During the mid-1600s, Dutch and Swedish settlers arrived, draining the marshes surrounding the creek to make space for pastures, and leading to the displacement and forced migration of the Lenape away from the Cobbs and surrounding areas.

This was the site of the historic Old Swede's Mill on the Karakong Kill which Governor Johan Printz, governor of New Sweden had built during 1645. It was the first water mill built within the limits of Pennsylvania. Its site may still be seen at the rocks on the east bank of the stream near the Blue Bell Inn on the road from Philadelphia to Darby. There were a few mills established around the portion of the river located along Karakung Drive in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania. Nitre Hall Powder Mills were built in the early 19th century along Cobb's Creek on Karakung Drive. It was a center for manufacture for almost 200 years.

Recreation
Where Cobbs Creek borders Philadelphia, it is surrounded by Cobbs Creek Park which contains 851 acre managed by the Philadelphia Parks & Recreation department since a merger of the Fairmount Park Commission and the Department of Recreation in 2010. Cobbs Creek Park contains three playgrounds: Cobbs Creek Recreation Center at Cobbs Creek Parkway and Spruce Street, Granahan playground at 65th and Callowhill streets, and Charles Papa Playground, a part of Morris Park in Overbrook, just north of Cobbs Creek Golf Course. For many in West Philadelphia, Cobbs Creek is the primary hiking and recreation attraction, offering swimming, golf, ball fields, tracks, tennis and basketball courts, ice and roller hockey rinks, and campgrounds. The park and its numerous picnic spaces are popular with families during summer weekends and holidays for picnics, barbecues, reunions and parties.

Community impact
The area covered by the Cobbs was part of a larger bioregion occupied by the Lenape tribe. Referred to as a "favorite place for Indians" by settlers, the surrounding regions were also home to Lenape Native Peoples. This included the area in between the Schuylkill and the Cobbs, now known as Kingsessing. Nomenclature such as that of Kingsessing (derived from the Lenape term "Chingsessing," meaning "where there is meadow") demonstrate the indigenous legacy still prevalent in the area. There remains a significant local Lenape community presence, with groups such as the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania, which hosted a 2018 river journey, creating a pledge with the surrounding community to support the Lenape peoples.

Additionally, a more general history of the Lenape in the Philadelphia area reads as such: “The story of the Indigenous peoples of Philadelphia begins in the long-ago time with the emergence of Turtle and the earth that formed on its back. From this first earth, the first tree grew and so too did the first sprouts. These sprouts grew and grew and became First Man and First Woman and so the People first came to be. (Adapted from the first written emergence story of the Lenape 1679, as told by Lenape elder Tantaque, courtesy of Curtis Zunigha).”

For many West Philadelphia and Upper Darby children, Cobbs Creek is their first introduction to wooded greenspaces and freshwater ecosystems. Local schools run service learning activities to support conservation in the creek and surrounding parks; e.g., conducting water-quality studies to track pollution. The wildlife includes regional birds, raccoons, opossums, spotted deer, wild turkey, rabbits, and in recent history, even a mountain lion.

Plans for an expressway up the Cobbs Creek valley began as early as 1930. Anticipated as part of a five-mile parkway system around Philadelphia, Cobbs Creek Expressway, designated I-695, would have begun at I-95 near Essington and connected with another expressway at Whitby Avenue in Southwest Philadelphia. The proposals were abandoned in the mid-1970s after community objections.

The Frankford Creek has a similar impact for Cheltenham Township and North Philadelphia children.

The Cobbs Creek Trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a 3,000-mile long trail system connecting Maine to Florida.

Tributaries

 * Naylors Run, runs underground in Upper Darby from Sherbrook Blvd. to Walnut Park Drive, where it drains into Cobbs Creek. Thousands of feet of Naylors Run were channeled into underground culverts to facilitate commercial and residential development in the filled land above the pipes.
 * Indian Creek, originating near Montgomery County at Rt.1 running to the Haddington neighborhood of Philadelphia, the east and west branches of Indian Creek joined in what is now Morris Park, at the intersection of 69th Street and Haverford and Lansdowne Avenues. The most notable feature here being the Cobbs Creek Golf Course and Karakung Golf Course.
 * Thomas Run Creek, obliterated and converted into a sewer, the largest tributary of Cobbs Creek once ran from about 53rd and Walnut streets, meeting Cobbs Creek around 60th Street.
 * Paschall Creek
 * Mingo Creek

title: Cobbs Creek


text:
Burshtyn

Burshtyn (Бурштин) is a city located in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine, to the north of Halych. It is accessible by rail. Burshtyn hosts the administration of Burshtyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

It developed rapidly and significantly grew in population during the Soviet period. Administratively, Burshtyn is incorporated as a city of regional significance.

The town, which was one of the Jewish shtetls, and whose name in Ukrainian and Polish literally means amber, was only granted city status in 1993 and has a special administrative status in Halych Raion. As an urbanized settlement from 1944 to 1962, it was the main town of the raion. There is an old Roman Catholic Church in the center of the city, which was restored at the beginning of the 21st century.

One of its landmarks is the Burshtyn TES coal-fired power station, which is situated on a reservoir approximately 8 km long and 2 km wide. A fish farm lies on the lake near the district of Bilshivtsi. The town is known for its soccer club Enerhetyk.

History
The first mention of this town was in a Halych history book from 1596, where it was referred to as Nove Selo (New village), although the town establishment dates back to 1554. In the second half of the 16th century, the town belonged to the Polish noble Skarbek. In October 1629, a famous battle took place near the city, in which the registered Cossacks and the crown army under the command of Stefan Chmielecki defeated the Tatar attackers led by Salamet-Geray, who were returning with loot from the Belz land. From 1630, the owner of Burshtyn was the tycoon Jabłonowski. during the Polish-Turkish wars of the 17th century (1629, 1675), the city was repeatedly destroyed by raids by Tatars and Turks.

In 1809, Franz Xaver Mozart, son of Wolfgang A. Mozart, lived in Burshtyn which at that time was part of the Austrian Empire. It was the center of Burshtyn District: until 1867, it was the administrative center, until 1919, it was the judicial center. On September 1, 1866, the first Lviv-Chernivtsi train passed through the Burshtyn station.

There is an old Jewish cemetery in Burshtyn, the only surviving testament of once thriving Jewish community in the city. In 1942, there were around 1,700 Jews residing in Burshtyn. German troops entered Burshtyn in July, but in a few weeks the Ukrainian militia were in control. During that time, they initiated a pogrom against the Jews with many arrested, beaten, and robbed. Some Jewish leaders were gathered in the synagogue where they were humiliated, beaten, and had their beards shorn. Ukrainians drank and celebrated throughout the night, while Jews were beaten on the street and their properties looted. When the Germans took control, they established a ghetto and conscripted Jews for forced labor in the town and elsewhere. Jews were rounded up in September and October 1942. Many were killed in the town by German security services and Ukrainian auxiliary police. Most were sent to Belzec where they were immediately murdered or to the Rohatyn ghetto where they were later murdered or sent on to Belzec.

The Jewish cemetery was established in the 18th century with the last known Hasidic Jewish burial in the 1940s.

It was in Halych Raion until 11 March 2014. Subsequently, until 18 July 2020, Burshtyn was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Burshtyn Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Burshtyn Municipality was merged into the newly established Ivano-Frankivsk Raion.

Notable people

 * Mika Newton, Ukrainian pop singer and Eurovision participant
 * Oksana Kuziv, Ukrainian writer, poet, and journalist
 * Zdzislaw Adamczyk (1886–1940) – Colonel of the Polish Army, mayor of Zakopane, murdered by the NKVD in the Katyn massacre
 * Ludwik Finkel – Polish historian, rector of the Lwow University
 * Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer lived in the town in 1809.

title: Burshtyn


text:
User talk:Zechs Merquise

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Evil Monkey∴Hello 09:16, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. JeremyA (talk) 02:44, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Last chance. One more bad edit and you'll be banned from further editing. - Lucky 6.9 05:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Never mind...I'm not wasting time with you after looking at your edit history. Enjoy it while you can. - Lucky 6.9 05:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zechs Merquise


text:
Talk:Qi Baishi

Training
The article says that he received instruction from Hu Quinyan. Therefore I have removed the statement that "Qi Baishi did not have any formal education or training in the field of art". Pelarmian (talk) 09:15, 9 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 one external links on Qi Baishi. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20131029204551/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20121025000029&cid=1104 to http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20121025000029&cid=1104
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20040606123043/http://www.chinapage.com:80/qibai/qibai.html to http://www.chinapage.com/qibai/qibai.html

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Eagle Standing on Pine Tree
I've redirected Eagle Standing on Pine Tree to this article for now. Feel free to expand! --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 01:14, 17 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Qi Baishi


text:
Mount Mihara

Mount Mihara (三原山) is an active volcano on the Japanese isle of Izu Ōshima. Although the volcano is predominantly basaltic, major eruptions have occurred at intervals of 100–150 years.

History
Mount Mihara's major eruption in 1986 saw lava fountains up to 1.6 km high. The eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 3, and involved a central vent eruption, radial fissure eruption, explosive eruption, lava flows, and a lava lake eruption. There was also a 16 km high subplinian plume. All of the island's 12,000 inhabitants were evacuated by dozens of vessels consisting of both the military and civilian volunteers.

The most recent eruption was in 1990.

Suicide
From a vantage point near the top of the cone it was once possible to leap into the crater. As a result, the volcano became a popular venue for suicides. Beginning in the 1920s, several suicides occurred in the volcano every week. The most notable death by suicide is Matsumoto Kiyoko who tossed herself into Mihara's fiery pit due to her homosexuality, considered taboo at the time. Matsumoto, a young student who was in a relationship with fellow student Tomita Masako, traveled to the rim of the volcano where both intended to take their lives, with only Matsumoto herself doing so. After the incident, the suicide toll skyrocketed to 945 that year alone. Authorities eventually erected a fence around the base of the structure to curb the number of suicides.

Mihara in popular culture
Mt Mihara has been featured numerous times in fiction. In 1965, Oshima Island and the volcano itself appeared in the climax of Gamera's debut film, where the military lured the giant turtle there as a means to trap it in a giant rocket-ship built on the island.

Mount Mihara was the place where the Japanese government imprisoned Godzilla in the movie The Return of Godzilla. Five years later, in the sequel Godzilla vs. Biollante, bombs placed on Mt. Mihara go off and release Godzilla from his fiery tomb.

In the novel Ring by Koji Suzuki and its subsequent film adaption, Shizuko Yamamura, the mother of Sadako, predicted that Mount Mihara would someday erupt using her psychic abilities. After a failed psychic demonstration which resulted in Sadako psychically murdering a reporter, Shizuko became depressed and ultimately insane and committed suicide by leaping into the crater of Mount Mihara.

title: Mount Mihara


text:
Pambiche

Pambiche is a Dominican music genre and dance form derived from merengue típico, the traditional style of merengue. It has a slower tempo than standard merengue and its tambora rhythm is based on the cinquillo.

This style of merengue was originally known as merengue estilo yanqui (yankee-style merengue) or "Palm Beach one step", from which the term pambiche stems (corruption of "Palm Beach"). It is said to have originated from the americanized versions of merengue that the US military personnel performed during the occupation of the Dominican Republic. It is considered one of the most difficult americanized Latin American dances.

Recordings
Dominican accordionist El Prodigio released an album entitled Pambiche Meets Jazz in which he combined traditional merengue rhythms (most of the songs featuring pambiche) with American music styles such as jazz, rock and blues.

Both pambiche and merengue are included in Jean Françaix's suite "Cinq Danses Exotiques".

The Dominican songwriter Juan Luis Guerra has recorded several Pambiches, including the traditional merengue Juana Mecho (Soplando, 1984) and his recent releases Pambiche de novia (Privé, 2020). Other pambiches are the traditional Juan Gomero, Rafael Solano's Dominicanita, Vicente Garcia's Palm Beach, and Luys Bien's Déjame Nacer.

title: Pambiche


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian districts

The goal of Wikiproject Indian districts is to create comprehensive articles on India's districts and divisions. A division is a group of districts created for administrative purposes in large states. The project also aims to standardise section contents and provide ideas as to what can be added to each section. The final goal is to have as many articles on India's districts as a Featured article, one of Wikipedia's best.

If you have any knowledge of any district/division, please help the project by adding content to the article. You can also contribute photos to the article, if you have been there or reside there.

Featured articles are some of wikipedia's best articles voted by wikipedians themselves. All intended projects must try and emulate the following articles:
 * Featured articles:

 * ''none currently

Place this WikiProject notice Template:WP India at the top of an article's Talk page to direct editors to the Wikiproject Indian districts for guidelines.
 * WikiProject Indian districts notice

To use it, place

at the top of an article's Talk page

Participants

 * AnM2002 (talk) 08:03, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Sayed Mohd Faiz Haider Rizvi (talk) 05:20, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * N.Ansari/S.K.
 * Maquahuitl 13:59, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Nichalp (Talk)
 * Bhadani
 * utcursch | talk 09:40, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * lost 19:15, 14 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Saravask 06:36, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Dwaipayan (talk) 05:34, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Nasruddin ansari
 * PhnomPencil (talk) 09:56, 19 September 2011 (UTC)
 * --Imahesh3847 (talk) 17:02, 13 March 2016 (UTC)
 * 09:49:46, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ankit (Talk with me) 19:29, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Nasruddin ansari
 * PhnomPencil (talk) 09:56, 19 September 2011 (UTC)
 * --Imahesh3847 (talk) 17:02, 13 March 2016 (UTC)
 * 09:49:46, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ankit (Talk with me) 19:29, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
 * --Imahesh3847 (talk) 17:02, 13 March 2016 (UTC)
 * 09:49:46, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ankit (Talk with me) 19:29, 4 May 2021 (UTC)
 * 09:49:46, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Ankit (Talk with me) 19:29, 4 May 2021 (UTC)

Guidelines for importance assessment

 * Top: Lists of districts by state, and districts with 40+ lakh (4+ million) population
 * High: Districts with 20–40 lakh (2–4 million) population
 * Mid: Districts with 10–20 lakh (1–2 million) population
 * Low: Districts with less than 10 lakh (1 million) population

Basic India conventions

 * Use only Indian English spellings as per the guidelines for India related pages.
 * All units should be metric (SI) units. Imperial equivalents should be given alongside in brackets.
 * Use the Indian numbering system of lakhs and crores. Give their equivalence (millions/ billions) alongside.
 * For monetary figures, use the Indian numbering system but also give its US dollar equivalence in brackets.

Disambiguation
In many cases a district and its headquarters share the same name. For example, Mysore is the name of a city, district and division. For such cases, contents of the district should be added to Mysore district and the division should be added to Mysore division. Thus Mysore will be having only matter relating to the city. However all three should be linked in the respective articles.

Please note: the word district should be with a small d.

The small 'd' convention by the Indian district project is disputed. See: WikiProject Indian districts/Naming.

Sections
These are the sections that should be included.

Lead in
The lead-in consists of text that comes before the Table of Contents. The lead-in should summarise key aspects of the district, what it is known for and its significance. The first paragraph should also mention its location and the bordering districts/divisions. The origins of the name can also be included here. The lead in should contain a minimum of two medium sized paragraphs. Three would be ideal.
 * Rating: Compulsory
 * Length: 2-3 paragraphs

Etymology
If there are many theories of the name of the district and the etymology which would unnecessary lengthen the lead in, consider adding this section. The origin of the district is important and should be included in the article.
 * Rating: Section optional; inclusion important
 * Length: minimum one large paragraph, or two small paragraphs.

History
The history section is one of the most important sections of the article. It should describe the key events of the district starting from its origins to the current. Important is whether it is homonymous with a princely state (the most extensive listing in on the specialized site [], but does not taken into account alternative names, such as variations in spelling) and/or overlaps with one or more (e)states. As far as possible avoid political history except for key instances crucial for the district's change.

The history section should be around four to five mid-sized paragraphs. If it exceeds six paragraphs move the detail to a separate article titled History of xxx, and provide a summary of 4-5 paragraphs here highlighting key points in the district's development. Do not use subheadings.
 * Rating: Compulsory
 * Length: 4-6 paragraphs; summarise/précis if longer, add detail to another page.

Geography
This section is also compulsory. Describe the district's location in the state, regions (Konkan, Deccan etc.), if coastal state etc. Also mention rivers, lakes, creeks and islands within. Hills and highest point should also be mentioned.

Climate is compulsory. Mention the seasons, weather, when the district gets its rains and annual rainfall. Give the average temperature and if possible temperature records. The climate section can also be a standalone section. See Mumbai.

Add a paragraph on the geology of the district. This information is optional. If the region falls in an earthquake prone zone; mention that too.

If adequate information on both the climate and geology is available, then the two may also be included as subsections under Geography. See Sikkim.

 * Rating: Compulsory
 * Length: Varies. Try not to exceed 10 paragraphs if geology and climate are both included in the main geography section.

Flora and fauna
Write something on the flora and fauna of the district. Also mention the Parks and nature reserves in the districts.
 * Rating: Important
 * Length: Not more than four paragraphs.

Economy
Describe the primary economy of the district, the major industries, businesses etc. Also mention the primary occupations of its residents. A list of major companies can also be included. What is the main agricultural produce? How much money the district makes? Its budget? Its commercial centres etc.

 * Rating: Compulsory
 * Length: Not more than four paragraphs.

Divisions
If the district has sub-divisions such as Tehsil/mandal/taluka and Revenue divisions, show it alongside a map. For divisions, show the districts alongside a map and for some states like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana divisions are the administrative units which has mandals. How many seats does the district contribute to the Lok Sabha, state legislature? A little info on the headquarters etc. The administration info like collector can be mentioned.

 * Rating: Compulsory
 * Length: Not more than four paragraphs

Transport
Mention the most popular modes of transport (don’t use transportation, its American English) eg. Buses trains, buses, jeeps, air, sea etc. It should be in prose form rather than in bulleted points

 * Rating: Not very important
 * Length: Variable, avoid more than five.

Demographics
The population, density, literacy, sex ratio, life expectancy all should be mentioned here. Mention the break up of religious groups in %. Include inline references.

In paragraph 2, mention the languages spoken and ethnic groups.

 * Rating: Very Important
 * Length: maximum three

Culture
What is a resident of the district called? Mention popular cuisines. Film, architecture, art can be added be added. Include art galleries, museums and public libraries present in the district. Clothing too can be included. Notable musicians, authors, actors etc can be included.

Mention festivals, the important ones and how popular ones are celebrated.

 * Rating: Very Important
 * Length: not more than five.

Education
Write about schools in the district and the education pattern. Important schools and colleges can be mentioned. Mention universities and prominent institutions and other educational centres.

 * Rating: Important
 * Length: maximum three.

Media
Write about the newspapers; TV channels and radio stations. Also include print publications in the district.

 * Rating: Optional
 * Length: not more than three.

Sports
Mention the most popular sport in the districts. Mention notable stadiums present in cities for each sport. Also include the sports that are popular in schools, colleges and the most viewed sports. Prominent sportsmen may also be included. This section may also be merged with 'culture'

 * Rating: Important
 * Length: not more than three.

Infoboxes
All districts/divisions should have an infobox placed before the start of the text. A sample one is shown here:

Footer Templates
Simple templates and state linkboxes:
 * WikiProject Indian districts/templates

Licence
Wikipedia needs free images. By *free* we mean that images should be allowed for any use, be it derivative or commercial (with conditions). The image should *NOT* come from a copyrighted source or be stolen from a website. You can only upload an image of you have an account here. When you upload an image, in the summary, mention the source of the image and tag it with a licence. Popular free tags include:
 * PD – public domain
 * cc-by-sa – Creative commons.

If you have a free image to upload, please upload it in wikimedia instead of the english wikipedia so that it can be embedded into all wikimedia projects.

There are a lot more licences: you can read more here: Image copyright tags and Licensing.

File types

 * use .jpg for photographs only
 * use: .gif for animations only
 * use: .png for all other types (maps, charts, diagrams etc.)

Please upload at the *highest* possible resolution you can afford to.

Use in text
An image should be related to the text alongside. Do not place a picture of a bus in the geography section, it would be better under the transport section. The images should be preferably right-aligned as it is easier to read the text. Size for use on the page can vary from 220px to 270px, but try and stick to one size for all images. Avoid overuse of images, and overlapping of images into the next section. Always test at 800x600, the standard web resolution.

Page size
Around 25 kb should be the bare minimum. A page size of under 30kb is easy to read. Upto 32 kb should be sufficient, but a page size of over 35 kb is considered too large to read.

Some wikipedia conventions

 * For main articles use this template:
 * Add a non breaking space ( & n b s p ; ) between a unit and the value eg. 15 m (50 feet) renders as: 15 m (50 feet)
 * For geographical coordinates use the following templates:
 *   – Use for geographical cordinates in metric or in degrees.
 *  22.25°N, 82.08333°W  – Use for geographical cordinates, if both the degree and minute has to be displayed.
 *  22.26167°N, 82.0925°W  – Use for geographical cordinates if the degree, minute and second has to be displayed.
 * Use  & m i n u s ;  for negative numbers.
 * For 'related topics' the convention is:  ''

Best of luck!

Related WikiProjects

 * WikiProject Indian cities
 * WikiProject Indian states

Tools

The following Toolserver tools are dead as of 2023
 * Main tool page: toolserver.org

 * Reflinks - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references
 * Checklinks - Edit and repair external links
 * Dab solver - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.
 * Peer reviewer - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian districts


text:
Carol Lawrence

Carol Lawrence (born Carolina Maria Laraia; September 5, 1932) is an American actress, appearing in musical theatre and on television. She is known for creating the role of Maria on Broadway in the musical West Side Story (1957), receiving a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She appeared at The Muny, St. Louis, in several musicals, including Funny Girl. She also appeared in many television dramas, including Rawhide, The Six Million Dollar Man and Murder, She Wrote. She was married to fellow performer Robert Goulet.

Early years
Lawrence was born Carolina Maria Laraia on September 5, 1932, in Melrose Park, Illinois. Her parents were of Italian ancestry, her father being born in Trivigno, in the province of Potenza, and her maternal family coming from the same town. Laraia graduated from Proviso Township High School, in Maywood, Illinois. She spent one year at Northwestern University and then left to pursue her career.

Career
Lawrence made her Broadway debut as a Ted Adair Dancer in the 1951 revue Borscht Capades, alongside Joel Grey. She achieved success in the role of Maria in the original Broadway production of West Side Story in 1957, for which she received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical nomination (even though the part was the lead), losing to Barbara Cook (The Music Man). She played the role for two years, and after an appearance in the short-lived show Saratoga in 1959 she returned to West Side Story for its 1960 season. Other Broadway successes were Subways Are for Sleeping, I Do! I Do! (replacement "She/Agnes", 1967), and Kiss of the Spider Woman (1992–93, replacement Spider Woman/Aurora). Her most recent Broadway credit is serving as standby for Lauren Bacall in the 1999 production of Noël Coward's Waiting in the Wings.

She made a few record albums of standards and showtunes including Tonight at 8:30 (1960), where she sang studio versions of the songs "Tonight", and "Something's Coming", both from West Side Story.

She played several roles at The Muny in St. Louis, Missouri, the largest outdoor theater in the U.S., including Fanny Brice in Funny Girl (1975), Charity in Sweet Charity (1977), and Lucille Early in No, No, Nanette (1990). Among her other musical theatre parts are the title role in Mame (2000 at the Helen Hayes Center for Performing Arts in Nyack, New York), Guenevere in Camelot (opposite husband Robert Goulet), Do I Hear a Waltz? at the Pasadena Playhouse (2001), and Follies at the Wadsworth Theatre in Los Angeles in 2002.

Her television performances include a guest role in Breaking Point (as Evelyn Denner in the 1963 episode titled "There Are the Hip, and There Are the Square"). In October 1976, she appeared as the special guest on the popular weekly variety program The Bobby Vinton Show, which aired across the United States and Canada. She performed "Friend of the Father". Other appearances include Rawhide; Combat!; Wagon Train; The Fugitive; The Big Valley; Hawaii 5-0; Marcus Welby, M.D.; Medical Center; Kung Fu; Mannix; Murder, She Wrote; Saved by the Bell; and Sex and the City.

From 1991 to 1993, she played the role of matriarch Angela Eckart on General Hospital. She hosted five shows of Chef du Jour for the Food Network, cooking from I Remember Pasta, her own cookbook, and setting a record for cookbook sales on the Home Shopping Network.

In 1999, she appeared in the television movie remake of Jason Miller's That Championship Season in a cameo role as Claire's mother (the mother-in-law of Vincent D'Onofrio's character), a role written into the film specifically for her. In 2013, she appeared Off-Broadway at the Westside Theatre Downstairs in Jason Odell Williams's play Handle with Care.

Lawrence has written her autobiography, with Phyllis Hobe, titled Carol Lawrence: The Backstage Story, published in 1990.

Awards

 * The Theatre World Award "Most Promising Newcomer" West Side Story 1958
 * Lawrence was awarded the Harvard Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year Award in 1960.
 * She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Personal life
Lawrence married three times:
 * Cosmo Allegretti (January 13, 1956 – January 30, 1959; annulled)
 * Robert Goulet (1963–1981); together they had two sons, Christopher (b. 1964) and Michael Goulet (b. 1966).
 * Greg Guydus (March 7, 1982 – December 12, 1984)

Lawrence and Goulet married while both were Broadway stars; their romance was treated in the press like a fairy-tale. In her 1990 book Carol Lawrence: The Backstage Story, she accused Goulet of having alcoholism and being an abusive husband and father.

Lawrence, a registered Democrat, accompanied Democratic National Committee (DNC) Chairman John Bailey, DNC Vice-chairwoman Margaret B. Price, DNC Secretary Dorothy Vredenburgh Bush, Lena Horne, Richard Adler, and Sidney Salomon on a visit with President John F. Kennedy at The White House on November 20, 1963, two days before his assassination.

Lawrence is Presbyterian and a member of the Bel Air Presbyterian Church.

title: Carol Lawrence


text:
Isochrone

Isochrone may refer to:
 * Stellar isochrone, the curve on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram representing stars of the same age
 * Isochrone curve, the curve (a cycloid) for which objects starting at different points finish at the same time and point when released
 * Isochrone map, shows areas related to isochrones between different points

title: Isochrone


text:
Talk:Pambiche

Untitled
Sorry its short - I will find out more later! - hmm its getting longer - jonathanandrews

Pambiche is also the name of a cuban restaurant. 207.225.79.60 04:41, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pambiche


text:
Gecos field

The gecos field, or GECOS field is a field in each record in the /etc/passwd file on Unix and similar operating systems. On UNIX, it is the 5th of 7 fields in a record.

It is typically used to record general information about the account or its user(s) such as their real name and phone number.

Format
The typical format for the GECOS field is a comma-delimited list with this order: In most UNIX systems non-root users can change their own information using the chfn or chsh command.
 * 1) User's full name (or application name, if the account is for a program)
 * 2) Building and room number or contact person
 * 3) Office telephone number
 * 4) Home telephone number
 * 5) Any other contact information (pager number, fax, external e-mail address, etc.)

History
Some early Unix systems at Bell Labs used GECOS machines for print spooling and various other services, so this field was added to carry information on a user's GECOS identity.

Other uses
On Internet Relay Chat (IRC), the real name field is sometimes referred to as the gecos field. IRC clients are able to supply this field when connecting. Hexchat, an X-Chat fork, defaults to 'realname', TalkSoup.app on GNUstep defaults to 'John Doe', and irssi reads the operating system user's full name, replacing it with 'unknown' if not defined. Some IRC clients use this field for advertising; for example, ZNC defaulted to "Got ZNC?", but changed it to "RealName  = " to match its configuration syntax in 2015.

title: Gecos field


text:
User:Snkutty

Sankar Narayanankutty, 26/Male.

I worked in the Technology industry.

Areas of Interest:
 * Linux
 * SAN
 * TOE

I author a blog named SANLinux, where I document my findings in these areas. It has code samples, problems I've encountered (with solutions), links to tutorials and a proof of concept or two. Newbies could find it helpful.

title: User:Snkutty


text:
Talk:1967 Plainfield riots

Renamed
I moved this page to 1967 Plainfield riots but due to a couple of mistakes I've left several redirects behind me. Oh well :) -- FP 09:29, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Trigger
What was the fight in the diner about that set off the "40 black youths"? It would help everyone to better understand what happened. Stevenmitchell 10:34, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

There's no mention here of the Black Panthers presence in town during these events. There is speculation that events were fomented by the panthers. Joanne Chesimard was arrested and implicated in Gleason's murder. That isn't mentioned.

Putnam Wescott

Is this even credible?
This article doesn't seem credible at all —Preceding unsigned comment added by Parrish Smith (talk • contribs) 14:47, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:1967 Plainfield riots


text:
Talk:Timeline of the 2005 London bombings

Vandalism?

 * "caused by local hooker Jamie Allen. Jamie was seen fleeing the scene wearing fish nets and no shirt or pants. the hooker evaded police for 45 hours and when captured Jamie offered the officers FREE sex if they would let her go. she was sentanced to death by Judge Hawthorne who origionally worked in salem for 15 years. Jamie ran to the bench and started dancing and repeatedly flashed the judge telling him that he would get to see more if he would release her. "

user Crouchend524

I suggest you delete that (from here on the talk page) to not give the vandal the gratification of having that stay up there.--129.11.196.206 (talk) 01:59, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

Old St and Moorgate
What is the situation with these stations? The timeline shows a police report of explosions there but makes no further mention. There were also early reports of three bus explosions. The only one mentioned now is Tavistock.

 * Read the Wikipedia page 7 July 2005 London bombings...
 * "There were fewer explosions than first thought, as two blasts occurred on trains that were between stations. In such cases, the wounded emerged from both stations, giving the impression that there was an incident at each station."
 * --Pound 16:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * A likely explanation for the initial reports of 'Old Street' and 'Moorgate' is that they were mishearings of Aldgate ('Ald' can sound like 'Old'; and 'gate' can, obviously, sound like 'gate'). Carcharoth 23:22, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Timeline of the 2005 London bombings. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060519094114/http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20050803.aspx to http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20050803.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:05, 12 January 2016 (UTC)


text: File:Up All Night (The Waifs album) coverart.jpg


text:
Cycling Time Trials

Cycling Time Trials is the bicycle racing organisation which supervises individual and team time trials in England and Wales. It was formed out of predecessor body the Road Time Trials Council (RTTC) in 2002.

Time trialling
A time trial tests a rider not against other cyclists but the watch. Other than in team events, which are less numerous, competitors race individually, starting at intervals of a minute. Riders may not ride together when one catches another. The order of start is often organised so that the fastest riders are spaced apart. In that way they are less likely to catch each other, while when they catch lesser riders they will pass that much faster that neither will be helped or hindered.

UK races can be organised over any distance but in practice they are most often run at standard distances of 10, 25, 50 and 100 miles, with occasional races at 15 and 30 miles. The winner is the fastest over the course, routed so it finishes close to the start to lessen the effect of hills and wind. Longer events, lasting 12 or 24 hours are also held, the winner covering the greatest distance.

There are records at all distances, for riders on conventional bicycles, tandems and tricycles, plus for teams of individual riders, calculated on aggregate times or distances. There are championships for men, women, riders younger than 18, and competitions for veterans (riders aged 40 or more). The British Best All-Rounder competition, run by the RTTC since 1944, combines performances across three longer distance events.

Early history of UK time trialling
In 1890, the National Cyclists' Union banned racing on UK public roads in fear of a ban not just on racing cyclists but all cycling. The legal position of cyclists was not secure. The cycling historian Bernard Thompson said: "Events organised by clubs in the 1880s, although taking place on quiet country roads, were constantly interrupted by the police. Often horse-mounted policemen charged at racers and threw sticks into their wheels."

The NCU asked clubs to run races on closed tracks, known now as velodromes. But few existed and so rebel races began, under the influence of men such as Frederick Thomas Bidlake, to continue racing on the road but in a way they believed need not bring police attention. Riders would start at intervals, usually a minute, and race against the clock. Riders meeting on the road were not allowed to race against each other. Unsure of the legal situation, riders dressed from neck to ankle in black to make themselves less conspicuous, never wore numbers but always carried a bell. Races started in the countryside at dawn on courses referred to only in code. Even the cycling press was asked not to say where a race was taking place and details to competitors were headed "private and confidential" up to the 1960s.

There is dispute over which was the first race in this fashion but credit is usually given to the North Road Cycling Club of north London. It was held over 50 miles (approx 80 km) on 5 October 1895. Within two years, time trials had also been banned by the NCU, but events continued to be run secretly. Les Bowerman, who researched this and races that followed, said:

"What distinguished them from earlier unpaced races was that the riders started at intervals of two or three minutes in reverse handicap order, the fastest first. Company riding was not forbidden but was unlikely to occur. This would then be very similar to a time-trial as we know it."

The fact, as Bowerman says, that there were unpaced races against the clock before the North Road event in October 1895, means that the North Road club can not, as it often is, be described as the founder of time-trialling. Bernard Thompson, a historian of British time-trialling, wrote:

"Neither the Road Time Trials Council or the Road Racing Council before them can claim to have invented time-trialling. Without question, time-trials took place a century ago and the National Cyclists' Union national time-trial championship time-trials are recorded in 1878 when A. A. Weir was the victor with a time of 1m 27m 47s on a high ordinary. What the RRC did contribute was as great a measure as possible of uniformity in the conduct of road competitions."

Road Racing Council
In 1922, Bidlake formed the Road Racing Council – membership of which was restricted to members of the North Road, Bath Road, Anfield, Polytechnic, Kingsdale, Etna, Anerley, North London, Century, Unity and Midland cycling clubs. Each was already organising events on the road. The first meeting was at the offices of the Cyclists' Touring Club at 280 Euston Road, London on 27 June. The Road Racing Council did not make rules, making only recommendations which, because of its "fundamental common-sense background" clubs followed.

Road Time Trials Council
As the sport flourished during the 1930s, the council reviewed its constitution in 1937, opening membership to all clubs and changing its name to the Road Time Trials Council, RTTC. Its first recorded meeting was at the Devereau hotel in The Strand, London, on 16 November 1937. The first committee was Maurice Draisey (chairman), E. E. Stapley, E. F. Cash, W. S. Gibson, H. Parker, A. Shillito, Alec Glass, W. Frankum, A. Reeder, Bill Mills and Alex Josey. The rules were written by Glass, Josey, Mills and Draisey. The first general meeting, in spring 1938, resulted in its secretary, Stapley, being disqualified from re-election, even though "he had worked like a slave to create the new body on thoroughly democratic lines." Clubs in Yorkshire then broke away, dissatisfied with the RTTC's national control, and set up their own regional body. It lasted only briefly.

In the RTTC's first year there were 429 races. In December the membership was 434 clubs, with a further 69 proposed. It sold 5,564 handbooks.

Opposition to massed road racing
Although started to thwart the NCU's ban on racing on the road, time-trialling acquired a respectability which not only led the NCU to recognise it but for time-trialling to become a cornerstone of British racing.

However, British cycling split during the Second World War when British League of Racing Cyclists (BLRC) enthusiasts for massed racing on the open road organised a race from Llangollen to Wolverhampton against the rules of the NCU. The NCU banned those who organised and took part in it, and the RTTC, because it recognised the NCU's suspension, did the same.

"Like the NCU, the RTTC feared that massed racing would endanger the position of all cyclists. The RTTC's position, however, was hindered by its decision to stop all racing at the outbreak of war - a decision quickly changed - and to stop elections to its national committee until the war ended. The committee re-elected itself for four successive years."

The RTTC came to recognise that massed racing existed even if it did not approve, and other restrictions gradually relaxed: for example, clothing regulations became impracticable during fabric shortages in the Second World War. But the RTTC continued to insist that races were run in secret. This led it to ban a proposed race from Paris to London in 1947. The NCU's ban on massed road racing meant the stage from Folkestone to London had to be a time trial, but the RTTC said advance reports about the race would be against its rules and refused to approve it. The sponsor, the News Chronicle, refused to back a race it could not report was happening. Compromise was reached when the newspaper, the NCU and the RTTC agreed to say that a time trial stage would be held from Folkestone to London but they and the cycling press were obliged to keep the start and finish lines secret. In 1951 the RTTC said, in a statement of around 3,500 words headed The Council's Statement on the Menace of Mass Start Racing on the Highway:

"Bunched racing is an utterly selfish and irresponsible use of roads; the policy of the Council is that all such racing should be stopped; the ringleaders and their associates of the BLRC have only financial gain as their motive; unsuspecting commercial concerns and newspapers have been given a distorted story about road racing; BLRC road races violate every one of the principles of clean amateurism, authenticity, and regard for public safety."

A leader in the weekly magazine, The Bicycle, called the statement "sheer balderdash and offensive writing" and "a disgusting attack on the constitution, officials and members of the British League of Racing Cyclists, and of course, the repeated assurance that the RTTC can do no wrong."

The rivalry between the BLRC and the NCU continued until they merged in 1959 to form the British Cycling Federation (today British Cycling). The BCF accepted road racing, and controlled all competitive cycling other than time-trialling, which remained with the RTTC.

Recent history
Events are no longer secret; lists of riders in major events are frequently published in the cycling press and on websites. Far from wearing black, riders are now urged to wear bright clothing to make themselves visible on busy roads. Early morning starts remain common, however, but for the benefit of light traffic rather than secrecy.

In 2002 Cycling Time Trials, a company limited by guarantee, was established as a corporate body for the RTTC.

Course codes
Each course has a code, for example Q10/25. In this case, the letter represents the district, the first number the course number and the second number the course distance in miles. In other districts, after the district letter, the code may be just a course number - for example, V212. The abbreviation "HC" is used for Hillclimbing instead of a distance.

title: Cycling Time Trials


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs featuring slap-bass

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 02:03, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

List of songs featuring slap-bass
unencyclopedic, unmaintainable, listcruft. Xoloz 09:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as per Xoloz. Benna 09:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unmaintainable list. JamesBurns 10:12, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. The article title is also misleading as "slap bass" is generally used to describe a playing style on stand-up bass (most commonly heard in jazz and rockabilly), not bass guitar. 23skidoo 13:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Xoloz points 1 and 3. The Literate Engineer 14:38, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per all of above. Dcarrano 15:34, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Xoloz and 23skidoo.   — Gwalla | Talk 22:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Jofur

Jofur (from Old Norse Jöfurr: "wild boar") is a name used in Nordic literature for the thunder god, mainly as a synonym for Jupiter. Jofur probably originated in the writings of the 17th-century Swedish scientist and writer Olaus Rudbeckius, and has since been used in Nordic poetry, mainly during the Baroque and Rococo eras. Jofur (as a god) does not appear in Norse mythology, even though the word was also used as an honorary title for kings and heroes. The most famous use of the word is in Carl Michael Bellman's (1740-1795) song Fredman's Epistle No. 72 "Glimmande Nymf" ("Glittering Nymph"), which remains very popular and which is frequently sung in renditions by numerous artists.

title: Jofur


text:
Talk:Tour DuPont

Untitled
Why did they cancel this race? I assume sponsorship, but why didn't any other sponsors step in? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.174.71.38 (talk • contribs) 16:14, 19 December 2006 (UTC)
 * This is now addressed in more detail in the article. Cordless Larry (talk) 17:38, 12 April 2016 (UTC)

edition
In the proposed DYK and in the entry at present (DuPont withdrew their sponsorship of the race after the 1996 edition) the word "edition" is used in a way unfamiliar to this American. I also have no familiarity with cycling. Is it sports lingo? I suspect it will be peculiar to many readers. And it's easy to restate. First two years. Especially if we say that it's an annual event. Bmclaughlin9 (talk) 23:56, 12 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I only initially used it to introduce a bit of variety in the language used in the article really,, but it is commonly used in cycling. See Tour de France, where it is used quite a lot (and note that it also features in the cycling race infobox there). I'm open-minded about changing it in the DYK, though. Cordless Larry (talk) 00:00, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tour DuPont


text:
Vlado Bagat

Vlado Bagat (20 October 1915 – 1 June 1944) was a Yugoslav soldier.

A native of Split, Bagat joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1939. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, Bagat was involved in the creation of the first Partisan units in Dalmatia and took part in actions against the Italian occupation force. In 1943, after the capitulation of Italy and during the following German counteroffensive, as a political commissar of the 4th Naval Sector he supervised a successful evacuation of Partisan units and civilian refugees from the Dalmatian coast to islands and Italy, now controlled by the Allied forces.

In May 1944, as a political commissioner of the 2nd Naval Sector, he thwarted a German attempt to destroy Partisan units on the island of Krk. Upon the return from his mission, he was killed in an ambush by German forces on the island of Olib.

Posthumously he received the title of People's Hero of Yugoslavia. After the war a sewing-machine factory in Zadar and an elementary school in Split were named after him. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991 and the Croatian War of Independence, the school was renamed to Pojišan Elementary School. A memorial on Olib, built to mark the place of his death, was also removed during the war.

title: Vlado Bagat


text:
Delphi Lawrence

Delphi Lawrence (23 March 1932 – 11 April 2002) was an English actress. She was educated at Halidon House School in Slough, Berkshire, whilst living in Colnbrook.

Born to Barbara Yvonne ( Enever) and Louis Holzman, who wed in 1930, she was of Hungarian ancestry on her father's side. She trained as a concert pianist before becoming an actress, training at RADA and graduating in 1949. She made her first film in 1952, and, over the next decade, she established a following in British films. She graduated to lead roles but almost exclusively in "B" films.

Career
In 1962, she appeared in episode 11 of The Saint ("The Man Who Was Lucky") as Cora. One of her other prominent TV roles was around the same time, in 1961, where she played the countess in episode 6 of the TV historical adventure series Sir Francis Drake ("The English Dragon").

In 1966, she moved to the United States where she began to appear in films and television (such as Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. Julietta in S2 E05 Escape from Venice), and settled there. By the end of the 1960s her roles began to decrease in frequency and importance and in 1973 she retired. She made a brief return in 1975 in the Broadway production of The Constant Wife playing the sister of Ingrid Bergman's character.

She appeared as Vera Charles in various touring productions of Mame, opposite such stars as Susan Hayward, Celeste Holm, Ann Sothern, and Juliet Prowse playing the lead role (Mame Dennis). The last of these was in 1990, opposite Prowse. She died 12 years later, in 2002, aged 70, from undisclosed causes.

Selected filmography

 * Blood Orange (1953) – Chelsea, a model
 * Murder by Proxy (1954) – Linda (uncredited)
 * Meet Mr. Callaghan (1954) – Effie Perkins
 * Duel in the Jungle (1954) – Pan American Girl
 * Barbados Quest (1955) – Jean Larson
 * Doublecross (1956) – Anna Krassin
 * The Feminine Touch (1956) – Pat
 * It's Never Too Late (1956) – Mrs. Madge Dixon
 * Strangers' Meeting (1957) – Margot Sanders
 * Just My Luck (1957) – Miss Daviot
 * Blind Spot (1958) – Yvonne Dubar
 * The Son of Robin Hood (1958) – Sylvia
 * Dial 999 (TV series) (1959) – Julie Nielson – (episode "The Mechanical Watchman") – (filmed 1958)
 * Dial 999 (TV series) (1959) – Pauline – (episode "Thames Division") – (filmed 1958)
 * Too Many Crooks (1959) – Secretary
 * The Man Who Could Cheat Death (1959) – Margo Philippe
 * Danger Man (1960-62) – Stella Delroy – (episode "View from the Villa")
 * Cone of Silence (1960) – Joyce Mitchell
 * The Greeneyed Elephant (1960) (Danish title: Elefanter på loftet) – Lisa
 * Beat Girl (1960) – Greta (uncredited)
 *  Edgar Wallace Mysteries, (episode "The Fourth Square") (1961) – Nina Stewart
 * Seven Keys (1961) – Natalie Worth
 * Scotland Yard (film series), (episode "The Square Mile Murder") (1961) – Mrs. Possner
 * The List of Adrian Messenger (1963) – Airport Stewardess (uncredited)
 * Farewell Performance (1963) – Janice Marlon
 *  Edgar Wallace Mysteries, (episode "On the Run (1963 film)") (1963) – Yvonne
 * Gideon's Way (episode "To Catch A Tiger") (1964) – Jane Kennet
 * Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) – 1st Mother
 * The Wild Wild West (episode "The Night Of The Poisonous Posey") (1966) - Lucrece Posey
 * The Last Challenge (1967) – Marie Webster
 * Cops and Robbers (1973) – rich lady (final film role)

title: Delphi Lawrence


text: User talk:212.85.15.85

title: User talk:212.85.15.85


text: User talk:202.128.225.49

title: User talk:202.128.225.49


text:
User talk:FermatSim

Welcome
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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 09:40, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:FermatSim


text:
User talk:MrSchimpf

March 2024
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Television/Television stations task force. Mvcg66b3r (talk) 17:43, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

RT page edit
will try to figure out how to add the Wired article link. yes, i did want to include but couldn't figure it out. will make another attempt at that. HarlowDiego (talk) 03:03, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

 * is there an example? i have looked for them within the RT page. perhaps using the visual editor is easier? HarlowDiego (talk) 03:04, 4 April 2024 (UTC)
 * i have submitted a corrected change and it does include a link to the WIRED article. Should the WIRED article be documented in the REFERENCES section? HarlowDiego (talk) 16:37, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

Please fix your signature
Your signature says "Nate", however, your username is MrSchimpf (this confused me once in regards to my AFD). Per the signature rules, your signature name can be similar but not very different. "Nate" is not similar to MrSchimpf. So I could show "Techie" or "TTechie" but not "Foo123". I would suggest making it Nate (MrSchimpf) if you want your real name. Thank you. thetechie@enwiki :  ~/talk/  $  20:30, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.

Dear Wikimedian,

You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.

This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the U4C Charter.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,

RamzyM (WMF) 23:09, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Apologies
I pinged you just now, but then reverted the comment, I missed that you were directing that last reply to SpacedFarmer, not the other user. ―  "Ghost of Dan Gurney" (talk)  00:49, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

Editor experience invitation
Hi MrSchimpf :) I'm looking for experienced editors to interview here. Feel free to pass if you're not interested. Clovermoss 🍀  (talk) 21:44, 25 June 2024 (UTC)

June 2024
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:KOCB. Mvcg66b3r (talk) 23:27, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

July 2024
There is currently a discussion at Move review/Log/2024 July regarding a requested move in which you have expressed interest. The thread is ABC News (United States). Thank you. — Red-tailed hawk  (nest) 00:57, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Gray Television. Mvcg66b3r (talk) 17:07, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:WRNW Logo.png
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Orphaned non-free image File:WNRG-FM Logo.png
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title: User talk:MrSchimpf


text:
Ringlet

The ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is only one of the numerous "ringlet" butterflies in the tribe Satyrini.

Range
The ringlet is a widely distributed species found throughout much of the Palearctic realm. In Europe it is common in most countries but absent from northern Scandinavia, peninsular Italy (found in northern Italy), Portugal, southern and central Spain (found in Cantabrian Mountains and the eastern Pyrenees), the Mediterranean islands and North Africa. In Greece it is found in northern regions (Macedonia, Thessaly). Beyond Europe it is found across much of temperate Asia including Russia, Siberia, Mongolia, China and Korea.

Description
Aphantopus hyperantus is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of up to 35 to 42 millimeters. The wing upper and lower sides are solid brown with small, yellowish-rimmed eyespots. The newly emerged ringlet has a velvety appearance and is almost black with a white fringe to the wings. The number and size of the eyespots is variable, they may be missing on the upper wing surface. In central Europe and southern England the rare form arete occurs. The eggs are pale yellow when first laid, but become pale brown.

The caterpillars are about 25 millimeters long. They are gray or light reddish brown and have dark, reddish brown and very fine dots. Dorsally there is a dark longitudinal line, which is widened at the segment boundaries. Toward the rear, this line is more intensely colored. The head is darker and has several faint longitudinal stripes.

Subspecies

 * ssp. abaensis Yoshino, 2003 - northwestern Sichuan
 * ssp. alpheois Fruhstorfer, 1908 - Ural, western Siberia
 * ssp. arctica (Seitz, 1909) - northern Europe
 * ssp. bieti (Oberthür, 1884) - Sichuan and northern Yunnan
 * ssp. hyperantus Linnaeus, 1758 - western Europe, the type locality is Sweden
 * ssp. luti Evans, 1915 - southeastern Tibet
 * ssp. ocellata (Butler, 1882) (= amurensis Staudinger, 1892 ; = insularis Kurentzov, 1966 ) - Amur and Ussuri
 * ssp. sajana (O. Bang-Haas, 1906) - Sayan Mountains
 * ssp. sibiricus Obraztsov, 1936 - Altai, southern Siberia and Transbaikalia

Habitat
They live in grassy, moist or dry forest clearings with bushes but not in open places. There is a strong degree of attachment to woodland edges and blackberry bushes. The insect can also be very common where there are creeping thistles (Cirsium arvense) or swamp thistles (Cirsium palustre), oregano (Origanum vulgare), forest scabious (Knautia sylvatica), or hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) which are favorite food plants of the imagos. The males fly in search of newly hatched females in slow, uninterrupted flight and flutter round, about and between grass stems.

Flight period
A single brood butterfly, the imagines fly from mid-June to late August.

Food of the larva
The caterpillars feed on many grasses. Among the food plants are:

• Brachypodium sylvaticum

• Brachypodium pinnatum

• Phleum pratense

• Dactylis glomerata

• Festuca rubra

• Bromus erectus

• Bromus hordeaceus

• Cynosurus cristatus

• Poa pratensis

• Poa nemoralis

• Carex hirta

• Carex strigosa

• Carex sylvatic

• Carex brizoides

• Carex panice

• Agrostis capillaris

• Lilium effusum

• Agropyron repens

• Holcus mollis

• Holcus lanatus

• Deschampsia cespitosa

• Molinia caerulea

• Arrhenatherum elatius

• Calamagrostis epigejos

Development and biology
The female scatters non-adhesive eggs in a slow low flight over grasslands. The larva is nocturnal. There are four moults. The larva hibernates while in the third instar, breaking diapause to feed on warm winter evenings. Feeding resumes in the spring. The pupa stands generally upright in a flimsy silk cocoon, at the base of a grass tussock. This stage lasts for two weeks. A. hyperantus is generally considered to have a closed population structure since it occurs in small, well-defined populations.

Etymology
Hyperantus, of Greek mythology, was one of the 50 sons of Aegyptus, killed by one of the 50 daughters of Danaus.

title: Ringlet


text:
User talk:AlTate

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:AlTate


text:
Talk:University of Patras

Any volunteer to write a better article?
Rather than focusing on the geographical elements of the institution, it would probably be better to focus on it at an educational level
 * I agree. It's only a description of the campus; and a rather dull one. Is there any graduate or anybody with some knowledge of this university to put some more relevant information, perhaps quoting the webpage? Any famous alumni, are they any? Donnerstag 20:05, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I am a post-graduate student in the Univeristy of Patras and very eager to write a better article, both in the English and Greek Wikipedia. But it will have to take one or two more people interested in it to make a good article. dead3y3 08:53, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yo I'm in to that idea too. I'm a student there too... I've put the pic of the library and I want to take more pics and write more stuff... Iaberis 01:58, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

What the heck is this sentence doing in the History-section "It was established primarily with the intention to concentrate on science, technology, economics, business administration and social sciences, all in an effort to achieve the greatest possible achievement in Greece, which is personal welfare at the expense of the society through political corruption."? I don't think an encyclopedia is the right place for sarcasm... Has anybody workes on this article already? I don't know the original article and probably it's already much better, but the introduction is still mainly a geographical description of the campus... 85.179.153.192 (talk) 10:49, 11 March 2009 (UTC) Jadzania
 * ok, I should have read the whole article first. I highly appreciate criticism of the way things work at a university and/or in a society - that's necessary in order to put up a counterweight against the colourful, cheerful self-presentation of universities. But that does not belong in the general history section! For someone like me, who does not know the history of the uni, it is extremely frustrating to read extremely general criticism of the greek society as a whole, when I want to have specific information about one university. 85.179.153.192 (talk) 10:57, 11 March 2009 (UTC) Jadzania again

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 17:01, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

research isn't
``Even though research is being held in the University no significant results derive from it'' I laughed when I read it. Actually it is so ridiculous that I don't have to prove myself. Galanom (talk) 03:04, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:53, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
 * University of Patras (seal).png

title: Talk:University of Patras


text:
User talk:Jamescham

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Proposed deletion of Bessemer Venture Partners

The article Bessemer Venture Partners has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "WP:PROMOTIONAL"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. MrsSnoozyTurtle 22:48, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jamescham


text:
User talk:Alanjoyce

Welcome
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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 09:40, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alanjoyce


text:
User talk:Pun~enwiki

Welcome
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Image Tagging Image:Picture 012.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Picture 012.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Ricky81682 (talk) 06:09, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pun. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pun~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:32, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:48, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pun~enwiki


text: User talk:212.85.15.75

title: User talk:212.85.15.75


text:
Xinzhuang, Shanghai

Xinzhuang is a town located in Minhang District, Shanghai, China. The town was, by the early 21st century, essentially walking toward the greater Shanghai urban area. On April 15, 1999, Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316 crashed in Xinzhuang, killing all three people on board along with five more people on the ground.

Administrative Division
As of 2023, Xinzhuang Town is divided into 54 communities and 1 village:

Transport
The Xinzhuang Metro Station is located in the east of Xinzhuang, providing access to Metro Line 1 and Line 5, and will provide access to Jinshan Railway in the near future. To the north and south of the station are 2 squares. In the northern square there was a bus terminal providing services to the local Xinzhuang areas (Now is under re-construction because of the Project Tianhui); at the southern square there is a bus terminal connects Xinzhuang with a number of surrounding regional areas.

Religion
A Three-Self Patriotic Movement Protestant Church is located in the south of Xinzhuang.

title: Xinzhuang, Shanghai