text:
User talk:Prime Entelechy

British/American Spellings
Hey there. I wanted to drop you a note, as a fellow Commonwealth-trained speller, about spelling on Wikipedia. For the most part, we use American Spelling in most articles, unless the article is specific to a region (ie, I recently dealt with a bot that changed Canadian spellings on a page about a Canadian subject to American spellings). I'm a Canadian living in Massachusetts, and writing for both US and Canadian clients and articles, so I wind up having to watch this a lot! :-) The info on this is in WP:ENGVAR and WP:SPELLING, along with a list of words that often get changed by regional editors.

I have, btw, no problem with you changing 'behavior'->'behaviour' (through you'll find 'skeptic' is used almost 10 times as frequently), but there were about 20 other uses of 'behavior' in the article. When in doubt, follow the spelling that other editors have already used in the article. And thanks for contributing! --Thespian 18:02, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

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 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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title: User talk:Prime Entelechy


text: Template:Madonna

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Madonna


text:
Portland and Ogdensburg Railway

The Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad was a railroad planned to connect Portland, Maine to Ogdensburg, New York. The plan failed, and in 1880 the Vermont section was reorganized and leased by the Boston & Lowell Railroad. In 1886, the Maine and New Hampshire section was reorganized as the Portland & Ogdensburg Railway. That part was leased to the Maine Central Railroad in 1888, and in 1912 the Maine Central leased the eastern part of the Vermont section from the Boston & Maine Railroad, the successor to the B&L.

History
With the growth of the American Midwest and Upper Canada, transportation between those areas and the outside world became an issue. The natural connector was the Great Lakes and St Lawrence River, but the river had rapids in some areas and froze in the winter. Alternative transportation to an ice-free port by rail was possible, and Boston increased in importance as a result, but Boston's monopoly position proved bothersome to Great Lakes and especially Montreal interests, who began to look for alternatives. Portland, Maine, was the most northerly ice-free port on the east coast of North America, and attracted attention as an outlet. The problem was building a railroad from a lake or river port to Portland. Montreal's solution was the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad, but this left Great Lakes interests out.

The Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad was chartered on February 11, 1867 to run from Portland to Fabyan, a junction at Carroll, New Hampshire in the White Mountains, where the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad would continue west. In the summer of that year John Neal and other Portland business representatives traveled to Oswego, New York to determine the route's feasibility and determined it so. The two companies' track joined in a ceremony at the summit of Crawford Notch on August 7, 1875, then opened on August 16, 1875.

In 1864, the Essex County Railroad was chartered to run from St. Johnsbury, Vermont, on the Connecticut & Passumpsic Rivers Railroad, east to Lunenburg on the border with New Hampshire. The Montpelier & St. Johnsbury Railroad was chartered in 1866 to run west from St. Johnsbury to Montpelier. The Lamoille Valley Railroad was chartered in 1867 to run from West Danville on the planned M&SJ northwest to Swanton. The three companies were consolidated on August 7, 1875 to form the Vermont Division of the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad, and the construction that had started was continued, except that the part of the M&SJ west of West Danville was never built.

Construction on the Vermont Division began in 1871, and was complete in 1877. To connect between the two divisions, the company at first used trackage rights over the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad from Fabyan to Dalton, New Hampshire, but soon built its own alignment. West of Swanton, the P&O was allied with the Ogdensburgh & Lake Champlain Railroad, running west from Rouses Point, New York to Ogdensburg, and used the Vermont & Canada Railroad to access it.

The Montreal, Portland & Boston Railway opened in 1876 from Montreal, Quebec to the national border, and was planned to continue into Vermont as a branch of the P&O.

Just after completion of the Vermont Division the company went bankrupt, was taken over by the receiver on October 19, 1877. The Vermont Division was reorganized as the St. Johnsbury & Lake Champlain Railroad on January 31, 1880. On August 9, 1882 the Montreal, Portland & Boston Railway leased it, but it was soon taken over by the Boston & Lowell Railroad.

The main division was reorganized on June 8, 1884 as the Portland & Ogdensburg Railway, and on August 20, 1888, the Maine Central Railroad leased it as their Mountain Division (some of which survives as the Conway Scenic Railroad, a heritage railroad). In July 1912, the Maine Central Railroad leased the old Vermont Division, but on August 1, 1927 the lease was terminated, and a new lease was made on only the part east of St. Johnsbury. The remainder of the Vermont Division operated as the St. Johnsbury & Lake Champlain Railroad until reorganized as the St. Johnsbury & Lamoille County Railroad in 1948.

title: Portland and Ogdensburg Railway


text:
Ryan Denney

Ryan Craig Denney (born June 15, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars and was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the second round of the 2002 NFL draft with the 61st overall pick.

Denney also played for the Houston Texans.

Early life
Denney attended Horizon High School (Thornton, Colorado) and won three varsity letters in football and two in basketball. In football, as a senior, he was named the Denver Post Defensive Player of the Year, won All-Conference honors as both an offensive lineman and as a defensive lineman, and won All-State honors as a defensive lineman. Denney graduated from Horizon High School in 1995. He served as a Mormon missionary for two years in Argentina before playing for Brigham Young University in college.

College career
Denney was two-year starter at BYU and finished his career with 156 tackles (92 solos), 16 quarterback sacks, 40 stops behind the line of scrimmage and 13 pass deflections. As a senior, was a Second-team All-America selection by The NFL Draft Report, earning fourth-team honors from The Sporting News He was an Academic All-American  and a First-team  All-Mountain West Conference selection. He started all year at right defensive end and recorded 68 tackles (45 solos) as he led the team with seven sacks and 19 tackles for losses and intercepted a pass and ranked second on the squad with eight pass deflections. In 2000, he earned Academic All-Mountain West Conference honors. He missed the 1996-97 season while serving on a mission in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Buffalo Bills
Ryan had a spectacular game against the Miami Dolphins on September 17, 2006, when he recorded 3 sacks on Miami quarterback, Daunte Culpepper in just the first half of the game.

On August 17, 2007, during the opening kickoff of a preseason game against the Atlanta Falcons, Denney suffered a broken bone in his foot. He was one of three Bills position players to play in every year since 2003.

At the end of the 2007 NFL season he had played in the league for six years.

He caught a touchdown in the Bills season opener vs Seattle on September 7, 2008 from a Brian Moorman pass on a fake field goal and one more vs New Orleans on September 27, 2009, again from a Moorman pass on a fake field goal.

On February 27, 2010, the Buffalo Bills announced that they would not be offering Ryan Denney a contract which rendered him an unrestricted free agent.

Houston Texans
On September 15, 2010, the Houston Texans announced they had signed Denney to an undisclosed contract. On October 7, 2010, the Texans waived Denney.

Family
Ryan is the brother of Miami Dolphins long snapper John Denney, who also wears number 92 on his jersey. Ryan and his wife, Laura have four daughters, Kyle, Kate, Alli and Samantha, and two sons, Tyler and Will. He is also the brother-in-law of Doug Jolley, former NFL tight end for the New York Jets.

title: Ryan Denney


text:
Pat Olliffe

Patrick Olliffe is an American comic book artist and penciller. His most notable clients include Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Disney Publishing, and Aftershock Comics.

Career
Olliffe is best known for his work for Marvel Comics on Untold Tales of Spider-Man (1995) and Spider-Girl (1998).

He is also a published author and an illustrator of children's books and young adult books. Some of the published credits include Spider-Girl Volume 8: Duty Calls Digest (Spider-Girl), Spider-Man: Saga of the Sandman, JSA Classified: Honor Among Thieves, and Avengers: Galactic Storm, Vol. 2. Other titles he has worked on include New Excalibur (2007), Last Planet Standing (2006), Last Hero Standing (2005), Nomad (1992), Thor (1991) and Warlock and the Infinity Watch (1994).

At DC Comics, he worked on a three-issue arc of JSA Classified with Jen Van Meter, was part of the artist rotation for 52, and worked on 52 Aftermath: The Four Horsemen with Keith Giffen.

title: Pat Olliffe


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freak Elite

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Freak Elite
Likely vanity, non-notable. 143.127.3.10 15:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete groups of people who like to play games are not notable. Former gruops even less so.  Friday 16:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. I'll change my vote if I get an article about the friends I used to bike ride with in the 7th. grade. We were wicked! Hamster Sandwich 17:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn clan vanity. JamesBurns 09:24, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * D-elite, for reasons already listed. --Idont Havaname 18:42, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Malibongo

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Malibongo
A cocktail thought to be invented in 2005. Gets 6 google hits, but none of them seem relevant. Wikipedia is only for subjects that have achieved a degree, however slight, of encyclopedic notability--some concoction thought up by a group of friends doesn't meet the bar. Sorry. Best, Meelar (talk) 15:20, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Similar to the way this drink is "unfettered by a determined recipe", let Wikipedia be "unfettered of a vanity article". Delete.--Scimitar parley 15:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Pavel Vozenilek 17:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think it's even patent nonsense. --DrTorstenHenning 17:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Nowhere near, AFAIK--see Patent nonsense. Meelar (talk) 18:31, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 09:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - "If being mixed/consumed in a motor vehicle (not by the driver, obviously), it is appropriate to shout out the word "Bongo" every time there may about to be a bump in the road, lest the mixers/consumers get the ratio of ingredients wrong or spill the drink in their lap."  That's just silly, and the lack of Google hits confirms its non-notability. --Idont Havaname 18:41, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Yes it should be deleted, but hey, we all get silly sometimes. This is obviously a joke so let's maintain a sense of humour and not get too precious... --Mindlelor 19:41, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Above comment really by User:172.215.34.77. --Idont Havaname 03:49, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Above comment not relevant (and insufferably officious). --User:172.215.34.77 07:52, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sense (electronics)

In electronics, sense is a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load. Although simple batteries naturally maintain a steady voltage (except in cases of large internal impedance), a power supply must use a feedback system to make adjustments based on the difference between its intended output and its actual output. If this system works, the latter will be very close to the former.

Two types of sense are used, depending on where the power supply output is measured. In local sense, the supply simply measures the voltage at its output terminals, where the leads to the load connect. This method has the problem of not accounting for the voltage drop due to resistance of the leads, which is proportional to the amount of current drawn by the load. That is, the supply might be producing the correct voltage at its output terminals, but there will be a lower voltage at the input terminals of the load.

When this might cause a problem, remote sense can be used to force the power supply to counteract the voltage drop by raising the voltage at its output terminals. If successful, it will cancel the drop along the leads, yielding the correct voltage at the input terminals of the load. This is accomplished by using separate "sense leads," connected to the load's input terminals, to measure the output voltage. (Because the sensing function draws only a very small amount of current, there is practically no additional voltage drop due to the sense leads themselves.) This is the same principle behind 4-wire sensing, the generic equivalent to power supply remote sensing.

Many power supplies that are equipped with remote sense can cause catastrophic damage to the loads if they are turned on while the sense leads are unconnected. To avoid this, some supplies are equipped with auto sense, which will automatically switch between local and remote sensing depending on whether the sense leads are correctly connected.

title: Sense (electronics)


text: Category:Maine Central Railroad

title: Category:Maine Central Railroad


text:
Antoine Christophe Saliceti

Antoine Christophe Saliceti (baptised in the name of Antonio Cristoforo Saliceti: Antoniu Cristufaru Saliceti in Corsican; 26 August 1757 – 23 December 1809) was a French politician and diplomat of the Revolution and First Empire.

Early career
He was born a member of a Piacentine family in Saliceto, Haute-Corse. He was born during the era of the Corsican Republic, but after the Conquest of Corsica the island became French. After studying law in Tuscany, he became a lawyer at the upper council of Bastia, and was elected deputy of the Third Estate to the French Estates-General of 1789.

As deputy to the National Convention, Saliceti became a Montagnard and on 15 January 1793 voted for the death of King Louis XVI, and was sent to Corsica on mission to oversee Pasquale Paoli and enforce the Reign of Terror; however, he was compelled to withdraw to Provence, where he took part in repressing the revolts at Marseille and Toulon. During this time he met and promoted his compatriot Napoleon Bonaparte.

Directory, Consulate, and Empire
On account of his friendship with Maximilien Robespierre, Saliceti was denounced by the Thermidorian Reaction and was saved only by the amnesty of the French Directory. In 1796 Saliceti was commissioned to organize the French Revolutionary Army in the Italian Peninsula, and the two départements into which Corsica had been divided after its recapture. Saliceti also became deputy to the Council of the Five Hundred, and served the Directory in missions to the Ligurian Republic. Saliceti represented France during the negotiations with the Papal States regarding the Armistice of Bologna.

Although an adversary of Napoleon's 18 Brumaire Coup which created the Consulate (9 November 1799), he was kept by Napoleon as his representative to the Republic of Lucca (1801–1802) and Liguria (1805), engineering the territory's annexation to the Empire. In 1806, he followed Joseph Bonaparte to the Kingdom of Naples, where Joseph had been imposed as King, and served as minister of police and of war. Saliceti died in Naples in mysterious circumstances, possibly poisoned.

title: Antoine Christophe Saliceti


text:
Knotroot

Knotroot is a common name for several plants, and may refer to:

 * Stachys affinis
 * Collinsonia canadensis

title: Knotroot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ohio River Showdown

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Ohio River Showdown
Delete. Nonexistant.
 * I looked up the exact phrase "Ohio River Showdown" on Google and Dogpile. I only found its creation on Wikipedia and a "mirror." There is no such rivalry, not at least with this name. Win777 15:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment the facts of the article are true, both teams play in the National League of the MLBA, but I've never heard of the rivalry described as in the title. Could be true, maybe not, but more likely a regional thing. I'll abstain for now till I talk to my rabid Pittsburgh Pirate fan buddy. If he never heard of it, it's probably Not Notable. My personal test, in this case since neither one of us lives within 500 miles of Pittsburgh or Cinncinati. Hamster Sandwich 17:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, made up rivalry by the same user who brought us the A's-Whitesox Derby. Not a real "rivalry". Gateman1997 17:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete apparent hoax. -- Etacar11   00:34, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 09:24, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not a significant rivalry. --Idont Havaname 18:39, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The Independent (Gambia)

The Independent was a biweekly newspaper published in Banjul, the Gambia. The paper was started in July 1999 with 25 staffers and freelance reporters, but after multiple raids, acts of arbitrary arrest and detention, and unsolved acts of arson, The Independent ceased publication in March 2006.

History of government harassment
Less than a month after the newspaper was founded, Gambia's National Intelligence Agency (NIA) raided its offices, arresting and detaining multiple journalists; the paper wasn't published for two weeks. In July 2000, Alagi Yorro Jallow, the managing editor and co-founder of the newspaper, was arrested and detained by the NIA after The Independent published an article about a hunger strike at Gambia's Central Prison. Jallow was arrested and harassed on multiple following occasions, and then in October 2003, the newspaper's offices were set on fire, partially destroying the newsroom.

The paper lost its printing press in an unsolved arson in April 2004, and was later forced to stop publishing after an informal arrangement with the pro-government newspaper The Daily Observer was terminated without explanation. Its editor Musa Saidykhan was notified by telephone on May 4, 2005 that the arrangement had ended, effective after its May 6 edition. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, The Daily Observer Managing Editor Momodou Sanyang "made the decision after learning of problems with his paper's printing facilities, including the need for spare parts and extra capacity."

After two months, The Independent resumed as an underground publication using a "skeleton staff working in Gambia and a few determined reporters and editors elsewhere," After Saidykhan attended the African Editor’s Forum conference in Johannesburg, South Africa in October 2005, Saidykhan was arrested and detained by the NIA. According to Saidykhan, "the government was angered about a petition I had submitted to the former South African President Thabo Mbeki, inviting him to pressure a reluctant Gambian government expedite investigations into the gruesome murder of a leading local newspaper journalist, Deyda Hydara." Saidykhan has alleged he was tortured by the NIA in 2006. After plainclothes police officers stormed the newspaper's offices in March 2006 and arrested the newspaper's local staff, the newspaper ceased publication.

title: The Independent (Gambia)


text:
The Independent (Bangladesh)

The Independent was an English-language daily newspaper published in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was owned by Beximco Group of Bangladesh. The last executive editor of the newspaper was Shamim Abdullah Zahedy.

History
On 26 March 1995, Beximco Group launched The Independent.

In October 2010, the Independent newspaper was relaunched.

The newspaper officially shut down on 30 January 2022. Earlier in April 2020, it ceased printed publication due to COVID-19 pandemic.

On 31 January 2022, The Independent was closed down.

title: The Independent (Bangladesh)


text:
The Independent (Acadiana)

The IND Monthly (formerly The Independent Weekly) was a newspaper published in Lafayette, Louisiana. It was launched in 2003.

It printed its final issue in March 2017 and shut down permanently in June 2017.

title: The Independent (Acadiana)


text:
UTC+09:00

UTC+09:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +09:00.

During the Japanese occupations of British Borneo, Burma, Hong Kong, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Philippines, Singapore, and French Indochina, it was used as a common time with Tokyo until the fall of the Empire of Japan.

As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, Yokohama, Sapporo, Hiroshima, Kyoto, Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ulsan, Incheon, Pyeongyang, Yakutsk, Koror, Dili, Jayapura, Ambon

North Asia

 * Russia – Yakutsk Time
 * Far Eastern Federal District
 * Amur Oblast, Sakha Republic (western part; west of the Lena River as well as territories adjacent to the Lena on the eastern side)
 * Zabaykalsky Krai

East Asia

 * Japan – Japan Standard Time
 * North Korea – Korea Standard Time
 * South Korea – Korea Standard Time

Micronesia

 * Palau

Southeast Asia

 * East Timor – Time in East Timor
 * Indonesia – Eastern Indonesia Time
 * Eastern zone, including:
 * Maluku Islands
 * Maluku
 * North Maluku
 * Western New Guinea
 * Papua
 * West Papua
 * Central Papua
 * South Papua
 * Southwest Papua
 * Highland Papua

Areas in UTC+09:00 longitudes using other time zones
This concerns areas within 127°30′ E and 142°30′ E longitude.

China

 * Parts of Northeast China, including eastern half of Heilongjiang Province and Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, where UTC+08:00 is used.

Australia

 * The easternmost parts of Western Australia where UTC+08:00 is used, Eucla and nearby areas where (unofficial) UTC+08:45 is used.
 * The Northern Territory, where UTC+09:30 is used, and South Australia and Broken Hill where UTC+09:30 and DST UTC+10:30 are used, respectively, despite the borders of the territory and state fitting perfectly within the ideal meridians of UTC+09:00.
 * The western parts of Queensland where UTC+10:00 is used, and westernmost parts of Victoria and New South Wales where UTC+10:00 and UTC+11:00 in summer time, is used.

Federated States of Micronesia

 * Parts of Federated States of Micronesia, including western parts of Yap State, where UTC+10:00 is used.

Papua New Guinea

 * The very westernmost parts of Papua New Guinea, where UTC+10:00 is used.

Russia

 * Parts of Russia, including Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Primorsky Krai, central part of Sakha, and most of Khabarovsk Krai where UTC+10:00 is used, and westernmost parts of eastern Sakha Republic and Sakhalin Island, where UTC+11:00 is used.

Areas between 97°30′ E and 112°30′ E ("physical" UTC+07:00)

 * Russia
 * A westernmost part of Sakha Republic, including the urban localities Aykhal and Udachny

Areas between 112°30′ E and 127°30′ E ("physical" UTC+08:00)

 * Russia
 * Zabaykalsky Krai
 * Most of western Sakha Republic
 * East Timor
 * Indonesia
 * The western islands in the provinces of Maluku and North Maluku (from south to north):
 * Liran Island
 * Wetar Island
 * Kisar Island
 * Ambelau Island
 * Buru Island
 * Sanana Island
 * Mangole Island
 * Taliabu and surrounding islands
 * Japan
 * Parts of Okinawa Prefecture:
 * Sakishima Islands
 * Yaeyama Islands
 * Miyako Islands
 * Okinawa Islands
 * Kume Island
 * Aguni Islands
 * The western parts of Kerama Islands
 * North Korea
 * The western parts of Korea, including the capital city, Pyongyang
 * South Korea
 * The western parts of Korea, including the capital city, Seoul

Areas between 142°30′ E and 157°30′ E ("physical" UTC+10:00)

 * Japan
 * The eastern parts of Hokkaido, including Obihiro, Kushiro, and Nemuro
 * Minami-Tori-shima in Ogasawara municipality
 * Russia
 * New Siberian Islands
 * Novaya Sibir
 * Faddeyevsky Island
 * A smaller part of Kotelny Island
 * The eastern part of Great Lyakhovsky Island

title: UTC+09:00


text:
The Independent (Papua New Guinea)

The Independent was a national weekly newspaper published in Papua New Guinea from September 1980 to 5 June 2003.

It was an English-language publication. It was published in the Port Moresby suburb of Boroko by Word Publishing, owners of the Tok Pisin-language Wantok Niuspepa.

It was known as The Times of Papua New Guinea from its launch in September 1980 with Franz Albert Joku as the inaugural editor until May 1995, when it was rebranded as The Saturday Independent amidst financial issues. It later changed its publication date to Thursday and adopted the name of The Independent. In 2001, it absorbed another Word Publishing title, PNG Trade Monthly, which became a business liftout in the newspaper. By the time of its closure, it had bureaus in Mount Hagen, Lae, Rabaul, Madang and Bougainville.

Joe R. Kanekane has described the newspaper as both "one of the pillars of investigative journalism" in PNG and "an advocate of good governance and transparency". He highlighted their role in covering many of PNG's "worst corruption scandals". Its former editor, Anna Solomon, noted the paper's independent coverage of scandals concerning the activities of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in the Bougainville Civil War, while Colin Barron cited its coverage of environmental issues, including critical coverage of activities of logging companies, and willingness to run advertisements informing landowners of their rights.

The Independent closed in June 2003, citing a challenging economic climate and the demands of competing against two national daily newspapers, the Papua New Guinea Post-Courier and The National. Together, The Times of PNG and The Independent had operated for 23 years.

title: The Independent (Papua New Guinea)


text: User talk:193.114.74.2

title: User talk:193.114.74.2


text:
The Independent (disambiguation)

The Independent is an online British daily newspaper, formerly a print publication.

The Independent may also refer to:

Films

 * The Independent (2000 film), starring Jerry Stiller
 * The Independent (2007 film), an Australian independent film
 * The Independent (2022 film), an American film starring Jodie Turner-Smith and Brian Cox

Music

 * The Independents (ska band)
 * The Independents (vocal group), 1970s R&B group

Magazines in the United States

 * The Independent (1899—present), Kansas City, Kansas magazine (Media in Kansas City, Missouri)

Newspapers in the United States

 * The Independent (Acadiana), published in Lafayette, Louisiana
 * The Independent (Ashland), published in Ashland, Kentucky
 * The Independent (Boston), published in Boston, Massachusetts from 1924 to 1928
 * The Independent (Livermore), published in Livermore, California
 * The Independent (Massillon), published in Massillon, Ohio
 * The Independent (Moab, Utah), published in Moab, Utah
 * The Independent (New York City), a magazine published from 1848 to 1928
 * The Independent (East Hampton), published in East Hampton, New York
 * Independent (New Mexico newspaper), published in Gallup, New Mexico
 * The Independent, published in Pasadena, California
 * The Independent, published in Presque Isle, Maine by J. S. Hodgdon (publisher)
 * Evening Independent, formerly published in St. Petersburg, Florida
 * Independent, or The Independent, the previous name of the Press-Telegram in Long Beach, California
 * The College Hill Independent, commonly known as The Indy, published by university students in Providence, Rhode Island
 * The Daily Independent, formerly published in Kannapolis, North Carolina and merged with The Concord Tribune to form the Independent Tribune
 * The Independent Newspaper Group, of Massachusetts

Newspapers in other countries

 * The Independent (London), an online daily newspaper, formerly a print publication founded in 1986
 * The Malta Independent, a Maltese paper and online newspaper founded in 1992
 * The Independent (Bangladesh), published in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1995 to 2022
 * The Independent (Footscray), published in Footscray, Victoria, Australia from 1883 to 1933
 * The Independent (Gambia), published from 1999 to 2006 in the Gambia
 * Irish Independent, an Irish daily newspaper founded in 1905
 * Daily Irish Independent, its predecessor, founded in the 1890s
 * The Independent (Newfoundland), published in St John's, Newfoundland, founded in 2001
 * The Independent (Papua New Guinea), published in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 121003
 * The Independent (Perth), published in Western Australia from 1969 to 1986
 * The Independent (Uganda), published in Uganda, founded in 2007
 * Nezavisimaya Gazeta (Независимая газета, 'Independent Newspaper'), published in Russia since 1990
 * The Independent Weekly, published in Adelaide, South Australia from 2004 to 2010
 * Tongnip Sinmun (, The Independent), published in Seoul, Korea from 1896 to 1899

Politics

 * The Independent Group for Change, a British political party formed and dissolved in 2019
 * The Independents (UK), a British political grouping formed in 2019
 * The Independents (Liechtenstein), a right-wing populist Eurosceptic political party in Liechtenstein, headed by the former Patriotic Union parliamentarian Harry Quaderer
 * Independent politician, not affiliated with any political party

Other uses

 * The Independent (Austin, Texas), a skyscraper in Austin, Texas

title: The Independent (disambiguation)


text:
Jim Chanos

James Steven Chanos (born December 24, 1957) is an American investment manager. He is president and founder of Kynikos Associates, a New York City registered investment advisor focused on short selling. A noted art collector, he appeared on the BBC Four documentary The Banker's Guide to Art.

Early life and education
James Steven Chanos was born in 1957 into a Greek immigrant family living in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that operated a chain of dry-cleaning shops. He graduated from Wylie E. Groves High School and received a B.A. in Economics and Political Science from Yale University in 1980.

Personal life
Mr. Chanos lives in Florida. He is currently a lecturer in finance and a Becton Fellow at the Yale School of Management, where he teaches a class on the history of financial fraud. He serves as a trustee of the Nightingale-Bamford School and the New-York Historical Society and previously served as president of the board of The Browning School.

Career
Chanos began his career at brokerage firm Gilford Securities in 1982. While at Gilford, he performed a cash-flow analysis and made a sell recommendation that ultimately exposed Baldwin-United, which filed for bankruptcy in 1983. Shortly thereafter, Chanos was recruited to Deutsche Bank, where he analyzed Michael Milken's junk bonds and Drexel Burnham Lambert.

After working as an analyst in several firms, Chanos founded Kynikos (Greek for "cynic") in 1985 with $16 million, as a firm specializing in short selling. One critical position he took at Kynikos was the shorting of Enron.

He describes his investment strategy as "intensive research into stocks", looking for fundamental failures in market valuation, from underestimated or unreported failings in the business or the market of a particular stock, followed by a substantial short position which he is willing to hold for quite a long time — perhaps an opposite echo to Warren Buffett's reputed "fundamentals+long stay" investment strategy. Some have said his commitment serves as whistle-blowing more than do most speculations, as in his heavy shortselling of such companies as Baldwin-United and Enron Corporation.

Throughout the 2010s, Chanos and other short sellers faced a tough environment during a booming period for M&A and a record amount of share reacquisitions. A New York Times profile of several short sellers in 2015 described Chanos and others as "waiting in the wings" for the bull market to end. The same profile described Chanos's Kynikos Associates as losing more than half its value in the last five years from $6 billion to $2.5 billion, compelling Chanos to pitch "a new fund to investors that will take a portfolio of long positions and overlay the firm’s traditional short portfolio". 2020 was an especially terrible year for Chanos and other short sellers according to Institutional Investor, calling their firms "a shadow of their former selves." The magazine noted Kynikos ended 2020 with a mere $405 million in assets, compared to $2 billion in 2018.

In November 2023, The Wall Street Journal reported that Chanos will close his hedge fund and return outside capital to investors by the end of the year. At the time of publication, the S&P500 was up nearly 20% year -to-date, and Tesla, a notable short position of Chanos' fund, was up nearly 117%.

Enron collapse
Chanos gained notability as a short seller when he predicted the fall of Enron before it filed for bankruptcy in 2001; he was a short seller of Enron throughout 2001, increasing his short position as more information surfaced. Kynikos profited from the trade.

Chinese real estate crash
Chanos has frequently made comments predicting a Chinese real estate crash. In January 2010, the New York Times referenced Chanos making a prediction of an impending Chinese economic crash that would resemble "Dubai times 1,000 — or worse". Later on the Charlie Rose Show in April 2010 he maintained that China was on a "treadmill to hell" that would result in a crash caused by a "world class" property bubble.

The Chinese real estate crash predicted in 2010 did not materialize and has caused financial media to question his investment wisdom. Bloomberg in a December 2017 article noted "Chanos has made wayward bets against U.S. stocks and China recently". The Financial Times in an October 2017 article used his "Dubai times 1,000" quote an example of one of the "dire prophecies" about China's real estate market that did not come true, demonstrating the subject was "tricky for foreign investors and experts to grasp". The Economist in a January 2021 article on the Chinese property boom observed housing prices doubled and "enough homes have been built for 250m people" since Chanos likened Chinese real estate to "Dubai on steroids". According to the Economist, the failure of the prediction of a crash suggested the market is "more complex than its depiction as a bubble."

In a September 2021 New York Times article on the Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present), it was noted "...Jim Chanos, a prominent American investor, warned that China’s real-estate excesses had placed it on a 'treadmill to hell' and that the bubble might burst at any point. But the bubble did not burst in 2010. It did not burst in 2011, nor has it burst in the decade since — unless, that is, it’s starting to do so this week."

In an October 2021 interview, Chanos again predicted an impending real estate crash in China. There would be "no historical analog" according to Chanos. "Maybe Tokyo in ’89? But this is worse than that. It’s worse than Spain in ’06 or Ireland in ’06."

Chinese economy and stocks
Chanos has held a critical view of the Chinese economy since 2009-10, around the time when he began issuing dire predictions about China's real estate market. In September 2009 on CNBC Chanos said the Chinese miracle economy was "getting harder and harder to believe", predicting the country would head the way of the "old Soviet Union".

By 2015, bearish positions on Chinese stocks made up about one-fifth of the holdings in Kynikos's global funds. The firm made gains when Chinese stocks tumbled during the 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence.

Later on in the 2010s, Chanos reduced his firm's bets against the Chinese stock market. During a Schechter Wealth forum event in December 2017 he noted, "in the past few years...we've reduced our China short and our global fund to the lowest its been".

In September 2023, Chanos explained his firm no longer heavily shorts the Chinese market, a shift from his approach 10-12 years ago because China's stock market has "basically been flat for over 12 years", diminishing its appeal for shorting. During an interview with Bloomberg Television in September 2023, he clarified that his position was not that the Chinese economy would be in "smoking ruins" but would instead have to "downshift its growth" from an investment driven model to a consumption or service driven model with severe "speed bumps" to occur.

Caterpillar
At the CNBC Institutional Investor Delivering Alpha Conference in 2013, Chanos revealed his firm was short on Caterpillar Inc. Chanos explained that Caterpillar had enjoyed a "once in a generation, if not once in a lifetime" boom in infrastructure investment because of China's buildout, which was coming to an end. In 2016, Chanos maintained on CNBC his firm was still betting against Caterpillar. Chanos stated the "collapse has not happened" because the Chinese debt and real estate bubble had not yet popped.

Tesla Inc.
Chanos has been bearish on Tesla Inc since 2013, but announced a short position in 2016. In-between 2015 and 2021, Tesla stock increased by over 2,200%. In 2020, Chano's fund suffered massive losses due to his short position against Tesla: "Kynikos ended 2020 with about $405 million in [assets under management], down from around $932 million the prior year, according to annual ADV filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission." In a 2020 interview, Jim Chanos still claimed to be still short Tesla, but admitted the staggering losses have "been painful, clearly". In a 2023, he claimed to still be short Tesla, describing the same headwinds from his previous years of shorting: shrinking margins and increased competition.

Luckin Coffee
Chanos took and closed a short position on Luckin Coffee Inc. in 2020 on the advice of fellow short-seller Carson Block of Muddy Waters Research. The stock dropped 70% in April 2020 after the company disclosed in a securities filing that its chief operating officer had fabricated about 2.2 billion yuan ($310 million) of reported 2019 sales. Chanos remarked on CNBC, “How many times do investors have to be burned in these companies that are just too good to be true? Growing 40% to 50% a year, with all kinds of odd transactions with affiliates.”

Wirecard AG
Chanos took and closed a short position on Wirecard AG. Wirecard AG stock dropped about 96% in June 2020 after the company's auditor EY disclosed that the company was missing about $2.1 billion. Wirecard announced that the $2.1 billion (€1.9 billion) likely doesn't exist. On Bloomberg Chanos said that he believes that "Wirecard was never profitable."

The Hertz Corporation
Chanos took and closed a short position on The Hertz Corporation. Chanos covered his short position prior to the Hertz bankruptcy. Chanos remarked about his closed short position on Hertz that he didn't believe it would survive the next recession.

Beyond Meat
Chanos holds a short position against Beyond Meat. Chanos remarked on a Financial Times article, "'Beyond Meat' still trades at 10 times revenues. This is a company that's still priced for perfection here. The market trades at 2.5 times revenue and successful consumer companies trade at 4 times revenue." Chanos remarked further, stating "Beyond Meat has ceased to be a growth company". The stock is down 54% since its IPO as of July 2022 as investor concerns regarding increasing pressure on Beyond Meat's margins as mentioned in the Financial Times article by Arun Sundaram, an analyst at CFRA.

title: Jim Chanos


text: User talk:70.106.206.231

title: User talk:70.106.206.231


text:
Illinois Route 161

Illinois Route 161 (abbreviated IL 161) is an east–west highway with its western terminus at St. Clair Avenue in Fairview Heights and its official eastern terminus at Illinois Route 37 near Kell. This is an official distance of 67.24 mi.

The road continues, as various county routes, eastbound beyond Illinois 37 to Allendale at Illinois Route 1. To locals, this part of the highway is known as "The Extension", referring to the fact that road "Extends" on after its official end.

Route description
Illinois 161 runs along portions of what once was U.S. Route 50 west of Scott Air Force Base. East of Belleville, it becomes a rural, two-lane surface road. Inside the Centralia city limits, Illinois 161 is coupled into eastbound Noleman Street and westbound McCord Street at Schwartz Road.

History
SBI Route 161 originally ran from Belleville to Carlyle; in 1941 it was rerouted from Carlyle to IL 37 at its current eastern end, replacing IL 182. In 1964 it was extended west to Fairview Heights.

title: Illinois Route 161


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Lead (electronics)

In electronics, a lead or pin is an electrical connector consisting of a length of wire or a metal pad (surface-mount technology) that is designed to connect two locations electrically. Leads are used for many purposes, including: transfer of power; testing of an electrical circuit to see if it is working, using a test light or a multimeter; transmitting information, as when the leads from an electrocardiograph are attached to a person's body to transmit information about their heart rhythm; and sometimes to act as a heatsink. The tiny leads coming off through-hole electronic components are also often called pins; in ball grid array packages, they are in form of small spheres, and are therefore called "balls".

Many electrical components such as capacitors, resistors, and inductors have only two leads, while some integrated circuits can have several hundred or even more than a thousand for the largest ball grid array packages. Integrated circuit pins often either bend under the package body like a letter "J" (J-lead) or come out, down, and form a flat foot for securing to the board (S-lead or gull-lead).

Most kinds of integrated circuit packaging are made by placing a silicon chip on a lead frame, wire bonding the chip to the metal leads of the lead frame, and covering the chip with plastic. The metal leads protruding from the plastic are then either "cut long" and bent to form through-hole pins, or "cut short" and bent to form surface-mount leads. Such lead frames are used for surface mount packages with leads – such as Small Outline Integrated Circuit Quad Flat Package – and for through-hole packages such as dual in-line package  – and even for so-called "leadless" or "nolead" packages  – such as Quad Flat Noleads package.

The lead frame (and therefore the pins, if any, formed from that lead frame) are occasionally made from Invar or similar alloys, due to their low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Electrical effects
For many circuit designs it can be assumed that the leads do not contribute to the electrical effects of individual components. However, this assumption begins to break down at higher frequencies and at very small scales. These effects come from the physical construction of the leads. The leads are often metal connections that run from the rest of the circuit to the materials that each component is made of. This design results in a very small capacitance between the ends of the leads where they connect to the device and very small inductances and resistances along each lead. Because the impedance of each component is a function of the frequency of the signals being passed through the device and the inductance and capacitance of the device, the leads can cause substantial variation in the properties of components in radio frequency circuits.

title: Lead (electronics)


text:
Category:Delaware and Hudson Railway

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Delaware and Hudson Railway


text:
Sarah Gamp

Sarah or Sairey Gamp, Mrs. Gamp as she is more commonly known, is a nurse in the novel Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens, first published as a serial in 1843–1844.

Mrs. Gamp is dissolute, sloppy and generally drunk. In her long, rambling speeches, she refers constantly to her friend Mrs. Harris as support for her questionable practices. It becomes clear, however, that no such person exists other than as a figment of her imagination. She became a notorious stereotype of untrained and incompetent nurses of the early Victorian era, before the reforms of campaigners like Florence Nightingale.

The caricature was popular with the British public. A type of umbrella became known as a gamp because Mrs. Gamp always carries one, which she displays with "particular ostentation".

The character was based upon a real nurse described to Dickens by his friend, Angela Burdett-Coutts.

Adaptions and other works
In an 1844 stage version of Martin Chuzzlewit authorised by Dickens at the Queen's Theatre Sarah Gamp was played by the actor and comedian Thomas Manders.

Mrs. Gamp appears in Dickensian, at first nursing Little Nell at the Old Curiosity Shop and later tending to Silas Wegg (from Our Mutual Friend), played by Pauline Collins.

Nobel laureate William Faulkner considered Gamp among his favourite characters in popular literature.

title: Sarah Gamp


text:
Talk:Soichi Noguchi

Blanket citations
I am removing the blanket citation disclaimer from the top because almost every section already has at least one inline citation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cowbert (talk • contribs) 17:10, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

Nickname
A crawler on one of the big three cable news channels (sorry, I can't remember which) mentioned that his callsign/nickname was "Squeegee"...can anybody confirm? --68.71.49.76 15:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Scout Association of Japan
He is listed as a member of the Scout Association of Japan, can anyone cite this? Chris 19:38, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * He belongs to the Chigasaki 2nd Group of Beaver Scouts and is an assistant leader.--Revth 08:58, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It is put into the article and cited now.-Phips (talk) 01:48, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Aquanaut
The article is in Category:Aquanauts but there is no mention in the article. Is this correct, Is it cited? · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 10:14, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Soichi Noguchi
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Soichi Noguchi's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "SFN20200624": From Crew Dragon Demo-2:  From List of International Space Station expeditions:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 04:28, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:09, 8 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Soyuz-TMA-17-Mission-Patch.png

title: Talk:Soichi Noguchi


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Grewelthorpe

Grewelthorpe is a village and civil parish in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England situated 3 mi south of Masham and 10 km north of Ripon. It is located in the Nidderdale area of outstanding natural beauty.

The name Grewelthorpe derives from the words Gruel and Thorpe, Gruel being a family name and thorpe meaning "outlying farmstead".

Grewelthorpe was mentioned in the Domesday Book when it was known as Torp and was in the ownership of Gospatric.

In 2009 Grewelthorpe has one active church, St James's and a pub, the Crown. It also has a duck pond, which is a distinctive feature of the village, it is populated by ducks which people come from surrounding villages to feed.

The local primary school is known as Grewelthorpe Church of England Primary school and takes children from two years old to eleven years old. The current school building was opened in June 2003 and is located at cross hills in Grewelthorpe. However, Grewelthorpe has had a school since 1876.

Unlike many Yorkshire villages Grewelthorpe does not currently have a cricket club. It last had one in the 1950s, but it folded as a result of the failure to find a suitable playing field.

Hackfall
On the edge of the village of Grewelthorpe is Hack Fall Wood, otherwise known as Hackfall, which is a Grade I Garden in English Heritage's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Although it appears to be a natural wood, the landscape that can be seen today was in large part a result of design and work undertaken by the Aislabies of Studley Royal. In Victorian times it was a popular attraction: there are grottos, surprise views, waterfalls, a fountain and several follies, including Mowbray Castle, a ruin in a prominent hill-top position.

After a long period of neglect, restoration has been undertaken in the 1980s by the Hackfall Trust and the Woodland Trust, with the help of a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund and a 999-year lease. Hackfall is open to the public.

A seventeen and a half mile walking circuit has been created that links Hackfall with Studley Royal called the Aislabie Walk.

title: Grewelthorpe


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gary J Campbell

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:38, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Gary J Campbell
It appears to be a vanity page. Along with Gary space Motor 15:32, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm, most of the "Gary J. Campbell" hits on google refer to a lawyer named that. After checking "Gary Space" I only find a few relavent links as well. In light of that, I'm going to vote weak delete for now. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 22:11, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Another weak delete. Maybe a vanity article, but certainly seems nn. Anyone can write a book. Agentsoo 22:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 09:25, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sahasranama

 is a Sanskrit term which means "a thousand names". It is also a genre of stotra literature, usually found as a title of the text named after a deity, such as Vishnu Sahasranāma, wherein the deity is remembered by 1,000 names, attributes or epithets.

As stotras, Sahasra-namas are songs of praise, a type of devotional literature. The word is a compound of ' "thousand" and ' "name". A Sahasranāma often includes the names of other deities, suggesting henotheistic equivalence and/or that they may be attributes rather than personal names. Thus the Ganesha Sahasranama list of one thousand names includes Brahma, Vishnu, Shakti, Shiva, Rudra, SadaShiva and others. It also includes epithets such as Jiva (life force), Satya (truth), Param (highest), Jnana (knowledge) and others. The Vishnu Sahasranama includes in its list work and jñāna-yājna (offering of knowledge) as two attributes of Vishnu. The Lalita Sahasranama, similarly, includes the energies of a goddess that manifest in an individual as desire, wisdom and action.

A sahasranama provides a terse list of attributes, virtues and legends symbolized by a deity. There are also many shorter stotras, containing only 108 names (108 being a sacred number in Dharmic religions) and accordingly called ashtottara-shata-nāma.

Chronology
The sahasranamas such as the Vishnu Sahasranama, are not found in early Samhita manuscripts, rather found in medieval and later versions of various Samhitas. One of the significant works on Sahasranama is from the sub-school of Ramanuja and the Vishnu Sahasra-namam Bhasya (commentary) by 12th-century Parasara Bhattar.

Type
Sahasranamas are used for recitals, in ways such as:

 * sravana, listening to recitals of names and glories of God
 * nama-sankirtana, reciting the names of God either set to music or not
 * smarana, recalling divine deeds and teaching of divine deeds.
 * archana, worshipping the divine with ritual repetition of divine names.

Hinduism
The most well-known sahasranāmas are:

 * Vishnu sahasranama, is found in section 13.135 (Anushasana Parva) of the Mahabharata, and all Puranas linked to Vaishnavism.
 * Shiva sahasranama, is also found in 13.17 of the Mahabharata. It exists in eight different versions. The best-known version is from Book 13 of the Mahabharata.
 * Lalita sahasranama, is a Shaktism stotra. This Devi-related work is found in the.
 * Ganesha sahasranama, is a Ganeshism stotra. One version is found in the Ganesha Purana.
 * Hanuman Sahasranama, is a Hanuman stotra told by Valmiki. Its origin is unknown and it is attributed to Ramachandra who is the seer for this stotra.

Tantrikas chant the Bhavani Nāma Sahasra Stuti and the Kali Sahasranāma. While the Vishnu and Shiva Sahāsranamas are popular amongst all Hindus, the Lalita Sahasranama is mostly chanted in South India. The Ganesha Sahasranama is mainly chanted by Ganapatya, the Bhavani Nāma Sahasra Stuti is the choice of s, and the Kali Sahasranāma is mostly chanted by Bengalis.

Jainism
Jina-sahasranama is a stotra text of Jainism, with thousand names of Jinasena, Ashadhara and Banarasidas, Arhannamasahasrasamuccaya by Acarya Hemacandra.

Sikhism
Guru Arjan of Sikhism, along with his associates, are credited with Sukhmani Sahasranama, composed in gauri raga, based on Hindu Puranic literature, and dedicated to Waheguru. This 17th-century Sikh text is entirely dedicated to bhakti themes.

title: Sahasranama


text:
Talk:The Game of Their Lives (2005 film)

Untitled
"McIlenny" comes from the book The Game of Their Lives by Geoffrey Douglas, who interviewed all of the surviving members of the team in the mid-1990s. He also spelled Clarkie Souza as "Sousa", when it's listed as "Souza" in the US Soccer Hall of Fame. Could it be that he has it wrong?

 * Yes. He got it wrong Obviously a really well researched book! Jooler 19:49, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I find that odd, as Douglas actually interviewed Souza. I wonder if he just assumed it was spelled "Sousa" and it was never corrected or something like that. --Howcheng 05:30, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

The Game of Their Lives (2005) ?
Shouldn't this be The Game of Their Lives (2005), eg see format over at imdb.

Meanwhile I've edited the game of their lives (lower case) to split 2 ways + a definition. It's principally an English language phrase, not a movie... at the moment it's like vertigo directing to Hitchcock :)

Edit: and it's being released on DVD as "The Miracle Match." ? - Hakluyt bean 20:26, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
User talk:Joy0301

Hi Joy, welcome to the Wikipedia again. As I had the privilege to be with you at your signing-in I would like to encourage you contributing on Linao and other topics ... CU --Media lib 15:32, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joy0301


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Keystone State Derby

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:37, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Keystone State Derby
Delete. Nonexistant.
 * This "rivalry" was renamed on the List of Major League Rivalries. I also looked up the exact phrase "Keystone State Derby" on Google. I only found its creation on Wikipedia and a "mirror." I also looked up the renamed "rivalry" and found nothing related to MLB. There is no such rivalry, not at least with this name. Win777 15:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the word derby implies something other than a rivalry, this is begining to smack of hoax-terism. Hamster Sandwich 17:34, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Another fake name for a questionable rivalry.Gateman1997 17:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I have never heard term on local TV nor seen it in the local papers in either city.  Robert A West 20:59, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete apparent hoax. -- Etacar11   00:36, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 09:26, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I've been a pretty big baseball fan for about 10 years, and to the best of my knowledge, this rivalry has never been mentioned. --Idont Havaname 18:38, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Outram Bangs

Outram Bangs (January 12, 1863 – September 22, 1932) was an American zoologist.

Biography
Bangs was born in Watertown, Massachusetts, as the second son of Edward and Annie Outram (Hodgkinson) Bangs. He studied at Harvard from 1880 to 1884, and became Curator of Mammals at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1900.

"He visited Jamaica in 1906 and collected over 100 birds there, but his trip was cut short by dengue fever. His collection of over 10,000 mammalian skins and skulls, including over 100 type specimens, was presented to Harvard College in 1899. In 1908 his collection of over 24,000 bird skins was presented to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and he went on to increase it. In 1925 he went to Europe, visiting museums and ornithologists and arranging scientific exchanges. He wrote over 70 books and articles, 55 of them on mammals ..."

He died at his summer home at Wareham, Massachusetts.

Works

 * The Florida Deer Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 10:25–28 (1896)
 * The hummingbirds of the Santa Marta Region of Colombia American Ornithologists' Union, New York (1899)
 * The Florida Puma Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13:15–17. (1899)
 * The Mammals and Birds of the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bulletin 46 (8) : 137–160 (1905) with John Eliot Thayer
 * Notes on the Birds and Mammals of the Arctic Coast of East Siberia New England Zoological Club, Proceedings, 5 : 1–66 (1914) with Glover Morrill Allen and J. E. Thayer
 * A Collection of Birds from the Cayman Islands Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Bulletin 60:301–320 (1916)

Associated eponyms

 * Bangsia – Tanager genus
 * Grallaria bangsi – Santa Marta antpitta
 * Syntheosciurus brochus – Bangs's mountain squirrel

title: Outram Bangs


text:
Talk:Right-wing terrorism

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hannahgoss.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 08:11, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Question about table
Hi I'm not seeing a table or data corresponding to what's in this article's table at the New America Foundation link. The current reference is to a report which contains a bunch of interesting data/charts on terrorism, especially jihadist terrorism, but I can't find the underlying database or the equivalent data for what's included on Wikipedia's table in this article. That's why I removed it initially. Am I missing a link or something at the New America report? Where is the database accessible? Thanks! —Ganesha811 (talk) 20:33, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * The data is embedded within the table at https://www.newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-in-america/what-is-the-threat-to-the-united-states-today. Neutralitytalk 21:46, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Right-wing terrorism


text:
User:Jillmcvey/Jack Hound

The Jack Hound is a breed of dog used for licking and barking. They are pretty fast.

Appearance
Male dogs are currently undiscovered. Females tend to have shoulder heights ranging from 55 to 60 cm (22 to 24 inches) and weights from 20 to 24 kg (45 to 55 pounds). Jack Hounds have very short hair, which is easy to maintain. They tend to have white and tan markings.

Temperament
Jack Hounds are pretty fast dogs, so naturally they are high-energy dogs (which means they are extremely hyper). Most are loving, gentle animals who like to lick a lot. Jack Hounds are often referred to "Dead Donkeys" (see resting Jack Hound above) and as "couch potatoes."

Jack Hounds make good pets because of their mild and affectionate character. They do not get along well with children most of the time, but will try to lick and play with family pets (often including cats). Jack Hounds are generally loyal, obedient dogs without a mind of their own. Their talents include jumping, barking, and licking. Most Jack Hounds that live as pets are adopted from shelters.

Most companion Jack Hounds are kept on a leash and harness because their hunting background has instilled a strong desire to chase things. Jack Hounds can live in an urban setting but require moderate exercise on a regular basis. They enjoy walking and running outside.

History
The Jack Hound is a cross between a Greyhound and a Jack Russell Terrier. As result, they tend to have personality traits of both of these breeds of dogs. See those dog breeds for more information.

Miscellaneous
The Jack Hound's best friend is the Welsh Corgi. If fact, it has been suggested that Jack Hounds desire to be Corgis.

title: User:Jillmcvey/Jack Hound


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UTC+05:30

UTC+5:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +05:30. This time is used in India and Sri Lanka, and was formerly used in Nepal, Pakistan, & Bangladesh. It is five and a half hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Around 1.4 billion people live inside this time zone, making it the second-most populous after UTC+08:00.

As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Ahmedabad, Pune, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Indore, Coimbatore, Prayagraj, Guwahati, Srinagar, Madurai, Mysore, Ludhiana, Visakhapatnam, Patna, Varanasi, Bhubaneswar, Puducherry, Port Blair, Colombo, Jaffna, Trincomalee, Kandy

South Asia

 * India – Indian Standard Time
 * Sri Lanka – Sri Lanka Standard Time

title: UTC+05:30


text:
Michael E. Fossum

Michael Edward Fossum (born December 19, 1957, in Sioux Falls, South Dakota) is a former American astronaut, engineer, and the Chief Operating Officer of Texas A&M University at Galveston. He flew into space on board the NASA Space Shuttle missions STS-121 and STS-124 and served as a mission specialist of Expedition 28 and commander of Expedition 29 aboard the International Space Station.

Air Force
Fossum was involved with the United States Air Force during his undergraduate years at Texas A&M and served as commander of Squadron 3 in the Corps of Cadets. He graduated in mechanical engineering in 1980. He received his master's in physical science (space science) from the University of Houston. He was selected to attend Air Force Test Pilot School from which he flew 34 different types of aircraft. . He left active duty for the Air Force Reserve in 1992 to work for NASA and retired as a colonel in the USAFR in 2010.

NASA
The first time Fossum became interested in being an astronaut was at age 12 while watching the Apollo 11 Moon landing. He rekindled this dream while with the Air Force at Johnson Space Center during the early 1990s.

In January 1993, Fossum was employed by NASA as a Systems Engineer. His primary responsibilities were to evaluate the Russian Soyuz spacecraft for use as an emergency escape vehicle for the new International Space Station. Later in 1993, Fossum was selected to represent the Flight Crew Operations Directorate in an extensive redesign of the International Space Station (ISS). After this, he continued work for the crew office and Mission Operations Directorate in the area of assembly operations. In 1996, Fossum supported the Astronaut Office as a Technical Assistant for Space Shuttle, supporting design and management reviews. In 1997, he served as a Flight Test Engineer on the X-38, a prototype crew escape vehicle for the ISS, which was under development in house by the Engineering Directorate at NASA-JSC and flight tested at NASA Dryden.

Fossum was selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate in June 1998, having applied during almost every selection period since 1988 (7 times). He reported for training in August 1998. Fossum previously served as the Astronaut Office Lead for ISS flight software development. As a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in Mission Control, Fossum supported several flights, including Lead CAPCOM for ISS Expedition 6. A veteran of three space flights, STS-121 in 2006, STS-124 in 2008 and Expedition 28/29 in 2011, Fossum has logged more than 194 days in space, including more than 48 hours of Extravehicular Activity (EVA) in seven spacewalks.

After returning to Earth in 2011, Fossum has served in a number of capacities, including assistant to the chief of the astronaut office for the International Space Station.

Space flight
He entered space for the first time on July 4, 2006, as a mission specialist of mission STS-121 to the International Space Station where he participated in three spacewalks. On July 8, Fossum with Piers Sellers conducted a 7 and a half hour spacewalk making a repair to the ISS and testing using the Shuttle's arm as a platform for making repairs to the Shuttle.

In 2008, Fossum assumed the role of mission specialist on board STS-124 launching on May 31, 2008. The mission's primary objective was the delivery and installment of Japan's Kibo Laboratory module. Once attached, this module became the largest and most scientifically capable addition to the International Space Station. Fossum took part in the installation as lead spacewalker, EVA-1, accompanied by fellow spacewalker Ron Garan. They did three spacewalks during the 14-day mission.

On June 7, 2011, Fossum launched with crewmates Sergey Alexandrovich Volkov and Satoshi Furukawa on Soyuz TMA-02M from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, to the ISS to join the crew of Expedition 28. Upon the departure of Expedition 28, Fossum served as ISS commander during Expedition 29 from September 9 until November 21, 2011. He returned to Earth on November 22, 2011. During Expedition 28, Fossum performed his seventh EVA with Ronald Garan which lasted 6 hours and 31 minutes. During the EVA They retrieved a failed pump module for return to Earth, installed two experiments and repaired a new base for the Canada Arm 2.

Texas A&M University at Galveston
In January 2017, Fossum left NASA and accepted a position with Texas A&M University at Galveston as vice president and chief operating officer. In October of 2019, Colonel Fossum was appointed as Superintendent of Texas A&M Maritime Academy.

Personal
Fossum is married to the former Melanie J. London and they have four children together.

As an Eagle Scout, he is heavily involved with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) as well as the Order of the Arrow and is the Scoutmaster of Troop 1598 based in Webster, TX. The BSA has honored him with its Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

A junior high school in McAllen, Texas, has been named after Fossum.

title: Michael E. Fossum


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User talk:Xiaou

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Proposed deletion of Deunan Knute

The article Deunan Knute has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
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title: User talk:Xiaou


text:
Geography of England

England comprises most of the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, in addition to a number of small islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. England is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of mainland Britain, divided from France only by a 33 km sea gap, the English Channel. The 50 km Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to mainland Europe. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel.

Most of England consists of low hills and plains, with upland and mountainous terrain in the north and west. Uplands in the north include the Pennines, an upland chain dividing east and west, the Lake District, containing the highest mountains in the country, the Cheviot Hills across the Anglo-Scottish border, and the North York Moors near the North Sea. Uplands in the west include Dartmoor and Exmoor in the south west and the Shropshire Hills near Wales. The approximate dividing line between terrain types is often indicated by the Tees–Exe line. To the south of that line, there are larger areas of flatter land, including East Anglia and the Fens, although hilly areas include the Cotswolds, the Chilterns, and the North and South Downs.

The largest natural harbour in England is at Poole, on the south-central coast. Some regard it as the second largest harbour in the world, after Sydney, Australia, although this fact is disputed (see harbours for a list of other large natural harbours).

Climate
England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. It has a milder climate than many places at similar latitudes: for example Newfoundland in Canada, and Sakhalin in Russia. The seasons are quite variable in temperature; however temperatures rarely fall below −5 °C (23 °F) or rise above 30 °C (86 °F). The prevailing wind is from the south-west, frequently bringing mild and wet weather to England from the Atlantic Ocean. It is driest in the east and warmest in the south, which is closest to the European mainland. Snowfall can occur in winter and early spring, although it is not very common away from high ground. England has warmer maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the year than the other countries of the UK, though Wales has milder minima from November to February, and Northern Ireland has warmer maxima from December to February. England is also sunnier throughout the year, but unlike Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, the sunniest month is July, totalling around 192.8 hours on average. The highest temperature recorded in England is 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) on 19 July 2022 at Coningsby. The lowest temperature recorded in England is −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) on 10 January 1982 at Edgmond, Shropshire. The climate of south-west England is rather distinct and somewhat milder than the rest of England. Crops, flowers and plants can be grown earlier there than in the rest of England and the UK.

England mainly lies within hardiness zone 8, but the Pennines and Cumbrian Mountains lie in the colder zone 7, and south west England, the Irish Sea coast, South coast and London lie in the warmer zone 9. A very small area, the Isles of Scilly, lies in the warmest zone in the British Isles, zone 10 which is close to subtropical.

Geology
The Geology of England is mainly sedimentary. The youngest rocks are in the south east, progressing in age in a north-westerly direction. The Tees–Exe line marks the division between younger, softer and low-lying rocks in the south east and older, harder, and generally a higher relief in the north-west. The geology of England is recognisable in the landscape of its counties, for instance Cumbria, Kent and Norfolk all have very distinct and very different looks from each other. The geology of Northern England and Western England tends to be somewhat closer to that of its near neighbours, Wales and Scotland, with the geology of Southern England and Eastern England being more aligned with that found across the North Sea and English Channel in Northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

Major towns and cities
London is, by far, the largest urban area in England and one of the largest and busiest cities in the world. Other cities, mainly in central and northern England, are of substantial size and influence. The list of England's largest cities or urban areas is open to debate because, although the normal meaning of city is "a continuously built-up urban area", this can be hard to define, particularly because administrative areas in England often do not correspond with the limits of urban development, and many towns and cities have, over the centuries, grown to form complex urban agglomerations. For the official definition of a UK (and therefore English) city, see City status in the United Kingdom.

According to the ONS urban area populations for continuous built-up areas, these are the 15 largest conurbations (population figures from the 2001 census):

The largest cities in England are as follows (in alphabetical order):

 * Birmingham
 * Bradford
 * Bristol
 * Coventry
 * Derby
 * Kingston upon Hull
 * Leeds
 * Leicester
 * Liverpool
 * London
 * Manchester
 * Newcastle upon Tyne
 * Norwich
 * Nottingham
 * Oxford
 * Peterborough
 * Plymouth
 * Portsmouth
 * Sheffield
 * Southampton
 * Stoke-on-Trent
 * Sunderland
 * Wolverhampton
 * York

Extreme points
The extreme points of England are:

Topography, mountains and hills
England is generally lower and flatter than the rest of the UK, but has two main divisions in its form – the lowland areas of the south, east, and midlands and the more rugged and upland areas of the north and west. East Anglia is the lowest area of England, having no high hills or mountains and hosting an area of the Fens, the lowest area of England. The highest area of England is the North West, which contains England's highest hills and mountains, including its highest – Scafell Pike.

In England, a mountain is officially defined as land over 600 metres, so most fall in Northern England. Some hill and mountain chains in England are:

 * Lake District (Cumbrian Mountains) – the highest mountains in England, containing Scafell Pike.
 * Cheviot Hills – sometimes considered as an extension of either the Southern Uplands in Scotland or the Pennines.
 * Border Moors and Forests – uplands to the south of the Cheviot Hills.
 * The Pennines which characterise much of Northern England and are often dubbed "the backbone of England".
 * The Peak District – uplands forming the southern end of the Pennines in central and northern England.
 * South Pennines - area of the southern Pennines between the Peak District, Forest of Bowland and Yorkshire Dales.
 * Forest of Bowland - a western spur of the Pennines in Lancashire.
 * Yorkshire Dales – an upland area of the northern Pennines.
 * North Pennines - uplands forming the northern end of the Pennines.
 * Howgill Fells - uplands in Cumbria between the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales.
 * Orton Fells - uplands in Cumbria between the Lake District and Eden Valley.
 * North York Moors – an area of hills and moorlands beside the North Sea.
 * Exmoor – uplands beside the Bristol Channel.
 * Dartmoor – an area of uplands in the heart of Devon.
 * The Cotswolds – a quintessentially and stereotypical English rural area.
 * Chilterns – a collection of low hills.
 * South Downs – low hills close to the English Channel which form the white cliffs of the English South Coast.
 * Shropshire Hills – uplands near Wales.

Cities
Cities with the highest urban elevation include Sheffield, Bradford, Stoke-on-Trent and Birmingham. Low-lying cities near sea level include London, Liverpool, Norwich and York.

Islands

The main English islands by area and population are:

Rivers
The longest river in England is the River Severn which has its source in Wales, enters England at its confluence with the River Vyrnwy and flows into the Bristol Channel. The longest river entirely within England is the River Thames which flows through the English and British capital, London. The Vale of York and The Fens host many of England's larger rivers.

Coastline
England has 4422 km of coastline, much less than the deeply indented Scottish coastline. The English coastline varies a great deal by the seas and regions it borders. The North Sea coast of England is mainly flat and sandy with many dunes and is similar to coastlines across the sea in the Netherlands. The English North Sea coast is an important area of bird life and is a habitat for many shore and wading birds. Along the English Channel, the South Coast builds up into steep, white cliffs at Dover, which are often seen as an iconic symbol of England and Britain. The South Coast continues to the Isle of Wight, but eventually gives way to the Jurassic Coast of Dorset, a coastline rich in beauty, history and fossils.

In Devon and Cornwall, the coastline becomes more rocky and steep, with numerous cliffs and tiny fishing villages along the coastline. This stretch of coastline stretches from Devon to Land's End in Cornwall, the westernmost part of mainland England. The coastline of Devon and Cornwall has similarities to that of Brittany in France directly opposite.

Following the coastline northwards the coast remains much the same as in south Devon and Cornwall but is besides the Celtic Sea until it eventually reaches the Bristol Channel, an important shipping and docking area.

The English coastline re-emerges again in North West England. The coastline here is similar to the North Sea coast in that it is mainly flat and sandy, with the only notable cliffs along this stretch of coast being at St Bees Head in Cumbria. The English Irish Sea coast is an important area of estuaries and bird life, with Wirral being a peninsula bounded by two rivers, the River Dee and the River Mersey. Liverpool and Merseyside are areas of high population and important industry along this coast, with tourist resorts of Southport and Blackpool being further to the north. The English Irish Sea coast hosts two important geographic areas, Morecambe Bay, a large bay, and the Furness and Walney Island areas. Further north into Cumbria the Sellafield Nuclear Power Station lies along this coast. The English section of the Irish Sea coast ends at the border with Scotland in the Solway Firth.

Seas bordering England are:

 * North Sea
 * English Channel
 * Celtic Sea
 * Bristol Channel
 * Irish Sea

Largest lakes and reservoirs
Although the largest nation within the UK, England is relatively absent of large lakes, with many of its former wetlands being drained throughout the Middle Ages. Most of its largest lakes lie within the aptly named Lake District in Cumbria, Northern England.

Land use
The total land area of England, excluding inland water, is 130310 km2. Crops and fallow land accounts for 30% of the land area, grasses and rough grazing 36%, other agricultural land 5%, forest and woodland 8%, and urban development 21%.

Neighbouring countries
England has two land borders: a 96 km border with Scotland that follows the Cheviot Hills and a 257 km border with Wales that loosely follows the route of Offa's Dyke. To the west, the Irish Sea separates England from Ireland and the Isle of Man; to the east, the North Sea separates England from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium and to the south, the English Channel separates England from France and the Channel Islands.

Economic geography
England boasts one of the largest economies in Europe and indeed the world, with an average GDP per capita of £22,907. England's economy is usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles in contrast to the Rhine Capitalism of Europe, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure. The currency in England is the pound sterling, also known as the GBP. England prints its own banknotes which are also circulated in Wales. The economy of England is the largest part of the United Kingdom's economy.

Regional differences:

The strength of the English economy varies from region to region. GDP, and GDP per capita is highest in London. Generally the Northern and Western areas of England are the poorest, with the Southern and Eastern areas being the richest. The following table shows the GDP (2004) per capita of England as a whole and each of the nine regions.

Two of the 10 economically strongest areas in the European Union are in England. Inner London is number 1 with a €71 338 GDP per capita (303% above EU average);Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire is number 7 with a €40 937 GDP per capita (174% above EU average).

Political geography
England, formerly a kingdom and independent country, united with Scotland to form what would eventually become the UK (Wales was treated as part of England at that time).

England is in a unique and controversial position of being a political entity within the UK and as of 2015 having no self-governance. England is represented by MPs in the British Parliament and matters relating only to England are also dealt with by the UK parliament. England was divided into a number of regions which also sent representatives to the European Parliament before Brexit.

title: Geography of England