text:
User talk:Milant

Notes to myself
Notes to myself: these articles are far away from encyclopedial: Montenegrins, Serbophobia (done), Yugoslavs ... --Milan Tešovic 01:26, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

speak
pa pričaj srpski da te ceo svet razume! --TheFEARgod 17:14, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * ok, then help me in improving and protecting from vandalism Serbian-Albanian Conflict--TheFEARgod 17:23, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Mapa
Pa ne bih baš da crtam mapu velike Srbije, jer taj članak o velikoj Srbiji ovde (kao i mapa) služi kao propaganda hrvatskih i bošnjačkih nacionalista protiv srpskog naroda, i ne želim da im u tome pomažem. Šešelj je i bio jedini koji je predlagao mapu velike Srbije tokom devedesetih godina i ona mapa u članku je upravo ta koju je predložio Šešelj. Ne znam da je neko drugi predlagao još neku mapu velike Srbije (ako ne računamo onu koju su predložili četnici u drugom svetskom ratu). PANONIAN  (talk)  02:33, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Pa vidiš, ja mislim da je najbolje da tamo bude ta mapa koju je predložio Šešelj (sa naznakom da je on taj koji je to predložio). Kao što rekoh, Šešelj i jeste jedini koji je to predložio tokom devedesetih, i samim tim im je ova teza o velikoj Srbiji na klimavim nogama, jer nikako ne mogu dokazati ono što pokušavaju, a to je da je težnja ka velikoj Srbiji opšte raspoloženje u Srbiji. Onaj ko je tu mapu velike Srbije predložio ima svoje ime i prezime, i to treba da piše uz tu mapu. Sa druge strane, Dado i kompanija te neće pustiti da mapu velike Srbije obrišeš odatle, pa ako imaš živaca da se raspravljaš sa njima, srećno. :) PANONIAN   (talk)  21:36, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Pa sad sigurno ne vredi raspravljati šta se moglo stvoriti 1945 ili 1991. To što imamo imamo, i treba ga čuvati da nam i to što imamo ne uzmu, jer ima ih koji bi i to hteli. :) PANONIAN   (talk)  23:14, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Zadar
Mozes li pogledati sledece glasanje o clanku 'Kristalna noc u Zadru'. Clanak ce biti obrisan u protivnom, kao sto se uklanjaju i ostala svedocanstva o stradanju Srba - uprkos svim dokazima i linkovima. Hvala.

Nemanyya 05:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

I really don't understand what nazi-shovinism you're talking about. The only thing I was doing is reverting bosniak serbophobic arguments...--TheFEARgod 22:54, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Ne bavim se time, --TheFEARgod 23:00, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Anti-Bosniak sentiment
Following the reaction by some wikipidean to losing the AfD vote on Serbophobia, this article has been created. I have nominated it for deletion. Your views on the issue will be welcome. Asterion 18:45, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:151203 sutomore.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:151203 sutomore.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Article Improvement Belgrade
You may wish to vote for Belgrade at the Article Improvement Drive page, here. --estavisti 21:39, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Invitation
Hello! I invite you to join the WikiProject Serbia. All the best, -- serbiana -  talk  02:42, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

може
Ово сада је глупост, "non-clinical sense"... Али сада постоје Anti-Bosniak sentiment и Anti-Croatian sentiment, па ваљда неће бити тих проблема. --estavisti 18:13, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Serbophobia
Reverting an article to (basically) the version from months ago without any explanation or discussion is practically vandalism. People, including me, have been doing their best to add information and keep it NPOV. Don't you see that you are provoking a new edit war? If you push your POV in this way, the Bosniaks, the Croats and the Albanians (and probably some admins) will start their POV-pushing again, and the result will be an extreme anti-Serbian version for at least one half of the time. Do you care about what's good for Wikipedia and for Serbia's reputation, or are you willing to sacrifice both in order to satisfy your urge to wage (edit) wars? --85.187.44.131 10:36, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

I must answer here, because I have no idea who you are. That is an improved version of an article. Somebody deleted the changes, so I putted them back. That vandalism? --Milan Tešovic 13:35, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

CG Wikipedia
Hey Milant, there is currently a vote for a version of Wikipedia in Montenegrin. If you want to vote, go to Requests for new languages. There you can vote. Ask your friends on Wikipedia (if you have any) who haven't voted to vote. Thanks. Crna Gora ( Talk / Contribs /Edit Count) 21:21, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Just wanted to let you know that there is a second vote for a version of Wikipedia in Montenegrin. The link is meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Montenegrin 2. By the way, I invite you to join WikiProject Montenegro. --Crna Gora 01:33, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

slobo
I was skimming over the talk page at Milosevic (I don't know why... a desire to get frustrated? who knows) anyway, I saw your comment about the talk page simply being a forum for angry people to vent and you leaving (something along those lines), and I chuckled to myself and left... wo/ that comment I was in danger of going through the entire talk page... so thanks! :)  Maîtresse  10:15, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Criminal Milo Djukanovic
Committed criminal acts with the same magnitude of Slobodan Milosevic, I think it qualifies that most surely. --PaxEquilibrium 20:31, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are correct; sorry for the (other) revert.

 * Milo is a tycoon (you know it too). A simple question: did he achieve that much wealth through criminal activities? Answer:YES. Not only cigarettes-smuggling, but also sex-slave trafficking, selling prostitutes! There's also weapons dealing to the eastern extremist armed forces.

 * During the war his cabinet managed the Siege of Dubrovnik, entirely raided Konavle (stealing numerous flocks of cows). Then there's also violation of human rights - 350 Croats were executed in the infamous POW camp neat Tivat. 200 Bosnian Muslim refugees were rounded up and delivered to the Serb forces in Bosnia directly by his order.

 * Milo is constantly at odds with Montenegro's Albanian and Bosniac minorities (working even at times against them), and now even with the Serbs too.

 * No, unlike many, I'm not a sheepish fool (I never voted for neither Milosevic nor Djukanovic); I simply will never believe to an aggressive Serbian nationalist that funnels himself using propaganda and hatred against Croats, territorial expansion on other states and then says that "he's sorry" and how he was "forced" into doing so, becoming a Montenegrin nationalist and even more (the rest of the story you know). Sadly, the people are sheep (read: sheeple) and that's what kept Milosevic in power up to 2000 and even more tragically, keeps Djukanovic in power up to this very day.

 * I hope you understand and do not allow the curtain to fall upon your eyes too. Cheers, brother. --PaxEquilibrium 22:28, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Considering I perfectly know Croatian (Serbo-Croat), sure I know it.

He sure did achieve enough to fund organized crime and be a mobster in a way.

If such is the case, why is Croatia just know filing a suit Croatia vs Serbia and Montenegro for genocide? Please don't deny that Croats didn't suffer in the war like Serbs and Montenegrins. Also, do you know the most frequent explanation by the Croatian government for the six hundred thousand Serbs' exodus from Croatia from the other side (you gotta hear out both sides)> that Knin called the people to flee Croatia.

Didn't you ever hear of the Moldovan girl that was sold to Montenegro? Milo arrested numerous high-ranking officials, including the state prosecutor and then covered it up. As for other criminal actions - did you know there was a gand war in Montenegro headed by Milo and the Italian mafia? All these are sourced and well-supported facts (I will show you sources). There's an ongoing criminal investment against him in Italy. And un-arguably, Milo fought for a Greater Montenegro in the beginning 1990s. --PaxEquilibrium 01:09, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Human trafficking and cigarettes smuggling The government of prime minister Milo Djukanovic came under severe pressure over cases of human trafficking and cigarette smuggling. The affairs led to criticism by the European Union, the United States, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). One scandal involved a Moldovan woman who claimed to be sexually abused in a brothel by top officials. Several high-ranking officials were forced to resign, and the Interior Ministry admitted in November 2003 that Djukanovic himself was under investigation by Italian prosecutors over accusations of cigarette smuggling.

Taken from Montenegro - European Forum

There are numerous other examples. I remember Milo assassinating Dan's managing editor and that he prepared the assassination of the Serbian Republic's Premier in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 * Do you really support Milo and his DPS CG? --PaxEquilibrium 01:32, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I got the impression since you were (in a way) defending him.

 * There are a lot more options than just the two. Other than the DPS CG and SDP CG you have the SL (SNS, NSS, DSJ, SRS), SNP CG, PzP and LPCG. --PaxEquilibrium 12:18, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Do you know, by the way, that the Podgorica Civic Assembly has proclaimed Stjepan Mesic honorary citizen? Relations between Montenegro and Croatia are improving. --PaxEquilibrium 12:20, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, you have a bigger choice now - it's no longer dualism. If you don't like the ruling DPS-SDP-HGI nor SNP there are numerous other choices. --PaxEquilibrium 14:37, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Milant,
Where do you live, if I may know? --PaxEquilibrium 22:11, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Redirect of Club 27
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Club 27, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Club 27 is a redirect to a non-existent page (CSD R1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Club 27, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Please note that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it did not nominate Club 27 itself. Feel free to leave a message on the bot operator's talk page if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot. --Android Mouse Bot 2 09:06, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

чланак Вељко Милковић
Видим да је енглески чланак у чијој дебати о останку си и ти учествовао је поново номинован за брисање из истих разлога. Како ја видим ту је и српски чланак са свим неопходних референцама и независним изворима који потврдђују све наводе, те нема никаквог разлога да се брише. Ternit (talk) 02:03, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Milant


text:
User talk:Gorann Andjelkovic~enwiki

As the amount of material somehow connected with Serbs and Serbia on Wikipedia grows, I think it wouldn't be a bad idea to form a SCG/Serb portal, so that all the articles about famous Serbs, Serb history, the Serb republic etc are more closely interlinked. This would also provide the casual reader with a easy to use encyclopaedia of everything they could wish to know about RS, SCG, the Serb diaspora etc. Јес' да је Србија мала и да је мало Срба али ипак има Палестински портал, Doctor Who портал, зато нема разлога да и ми ово не покренемо. At this stage I'm just gauging the amount of interest out there for this. If you support this idea, and want to help out, then just drop by my talk page -- estavisti 20:03, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Russian tsarinas
regarding the names of tsarinas of Russia: if from abroad, they changed their first name, such as Wilhelmina became Natalia Alexeievna, etc. Now, Wikipedia has certain rules that the so-called consort name is not to be used, because of several persons being e.g Empress Maria Fedorovna. And that a pre-marital name should be used. But I feel that it is acceptable to make a formulation "Natalia Alexeievna of Darmstadt" (the "of Darmstadt" being for disambiguation purposes) instead of using "Wilhelmina of Darmstadt". Now, as there are plenty of Germanist and anglicist opinions, I would like to know some of international opinion. In other words, I am asking you to think whether from the perspective of non-Russian Slavonic, (1) would it be acceptable to say "Natalia Alexeievna of Darmstadt" and (2) would that be better or worse than "Wilhelmina of Darmstadt". 62.78.105.68 08:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * n.b. This is an ongoing policy discussion, and several other options are on the table as well as the ones suggested above. Please consider visiting this talk page and endorsing one of the options, or adding one of your own. Thanks! Choess 01:05, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

Usercategorization
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Occitan page as living in or being associated with Occitan. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Occitan for instructions. Rmky87 16:10, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

User Categorization
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Serbia and Montenegro page as living in or being associated with Serbia and Montenegro. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Serbia and Montenegro for instructions. -Alekk 23:09, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Serbia and Montegro articles
Hi, I see you're in the category for those Wikipedians from Serbia & Montenegro. I'm trying to create a project whereby seperate articles for just Serbia OR Montenegro are written to an acceptable level, especially considering the possibility that 2006 may see the two nations seperate and become independent states. If that were to occur Wikipedia should have articles written to the standard of other national articles. It would be useful to have the input of Wikipedians living in the area. Please post any views here, not at my talk page. Thank You Grunners 18:24, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Article Improvement Belgrade
You may wish to vote for Belgrade at the Article Improvement Drive page, here. --estavisti 21:14, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Invitation
Hello! I invite you to join the WikiProject Serbia. All the best, -- serbiana -  talk  02:42, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

please note
please note the discussion on the biased name for war in croatia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Croatian_War_of_Independence, which is proposed to be moved to its original title.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gorann Andjelkovic. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gorann Andjelkovic~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:15, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:23, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Gorann Andjelkovic~enwiki


text:
Villa Hermosa

Villa Hermosa is a town in the La Romana province of the Dominican Republic. Villa Hermosa's population live from small businesses in the same area as electricity services, supermarkets, beauty centers and other.

title: Villa Hermosa


text:
Izrael (band)

Izrael was one of the most popular and influential Polish reggae bands. It was formed in March 1983 in Warsaw by two well-known Polish underground musicians: Robert Brylewski (formerly of Brygada Kryzys) and Paweł Kelner (formerly of Deuter).

Information
According to Brylewski, "Izrael's creation was a consequence of the death of Brygada Kryzys. During last rehearsals of Brygada Kryzys only three musicians were present: Kelner, me and Tomasz Lipinski. There was nobody else. It was the end of 1982, hard times for Polish independent rockers. At some point Tomasz put his guitar on the side and said "I quit."

Izrael's debut took place on April 25, 1983, in the Hybrydy student club in Warsaw, where the band rehearsed. The first recording, "Idą ludzie Babilonu," was made later that year and quickly gained popularity. The band started to play in numerous concerts (such as at the Festival in Jarocin, and a series of concerts called God's Music in Babylon). It also supported the group Misty in Roots when they came to Poland.

In May 1983, the first LP, Biada, biada biada, was recorded, but it was not delivered to stores until many months later.

In 1986, Kelner decided to quit and was replaced by Darek "Maleo" Malejonek (formerly of Kultura), with whom the second album, Nabij faję, was recorded. At that time, Izrael's musicians decided to accept any person who would like to play with them and who would bring something creative. Several musicians therefore became members of Izrael, including jazzmen, which was unusual for a reggae band. Altogether, approximately 100 musicians have been members of Izrael at one time or another. In 1987, the third album, Duchowa Rewolucja, was recorded.

Around the year 1989, Izrael became an established band with Brylewski, Vivian Brylewska (Robert's wife), Maleo, Piotr "Stopa" Żyżelewicz and Alik Dziki. In the same year, the band went on a tour to then-Communist Czechoslovakia. Shortly afterwards, Wlodzimierz Kiniorski joined as a new member. He played several instruments, including the saxophone and the flute.

In 1990, the band went to Great Britain on an invitation from Marcin Miller. There they played several concerts and, more importantly, recorded an LP, 1991, which is regarded as one of the best albums in the history of Polish music. 1991 was recorded at a "Ariwa Sounds," a studio owned by Mad Professor.

After their return to Poland, Izrael played numerous concerts and the band was enthusiastically embraced by fans. In 1994, the concert album Live 93 was issued, which included songs recorded live in Kraków and Białystok. The band was at the height of its popularity, thinking about a new LP. In 1995, the band was suddenly disbanded. According to Brylewski, "[the band's] history was fulfilled", since it was not created to sell records and make money.

In 1997, Brylewski released the album In Dub—a dubbed mix of the band's best songs. In 2006, the band, temporarily known as Magnetosfera, played a few concerts. Izrael returned in 2007 and reportedly is preparing a new album.

title: Izrael (band)


text:
Realtime (quartet)

Realtime is a barbershop quartet that won the Barbershop Harmony Society's International Quartet Championship in 2005. They finished seventh-place the previous year (the first ever top-ten finish for a western-Canadian quartet). Lead singer John Newell is the first Australian-born international champion. Baritone Mark Metzger and bass Tom Metzger are the first champions who are both Canadian-born and Canadian citizens. Tenor Tim Broersma is from Lynden, Washington. In 2008, Doug Broersma became the lead singer when Newell retired for family reasons. The quartet was succeeded by Via Voice when Tim Broersma retired in 2011, also for family reasons.

As of 2015, Realtime in its original formation has returned to performing.

Realtime also won the Pacific Northwest Regional Harmony Sweepstakes A Cappella Festival twice, in 2007 with John Newell on Lead and again in 2010 with Doug Broersma singing Lead.

As of 2016, John Newell is the musical director for The Gentlemen of Fortune barbershop chorus in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Discography

 * Four Brothers (CD; 2004)
 * Ain't That A Kick (CD; 2006)
 * Take 5 (CD; 2009)

title: Realtime (quartet)


text:
File:Someday11.jpg

Cover for the Mariah Carey single "Someday" (1991). Image copyright is owned by Columbia Records.

Rationale of fair use for Someday (Mariah Carey song)
The image Image: is being linked here; though the picture is originally copyright, I (Extraordinary Machine 20:31, 9 July 2006 (UTC)) feel it is covered by fair use because:

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this single.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, and could not be used as artwork on illegal vinyl or CD copies of the single.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is arguably one of the most important images that could be included. This is the artwork, intended by Columbia Records for wide distribution. As such, it has future historical significance, and is a more appropriate choice than any other image available.
 * 5) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is. The cover is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original single in any way.

title: File:Someday11.jpg


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Fatal Fury: First Contact

Fatal Fury: First Contact is a fighting game released by SNK in May 1999 for the Neo Geo Pocket Color handheld system. It is the part of the Fatal Fury series, and is loosely based on Real Bout Fatal Fury 2: The Newcomers. The game was later re-released as part of Neo Geo Pocket Color Selection Vol. 1 in 2021.

Gameplay
The game has 13 playable characters. Two-player multiplayer is supported via a link cable.

Characters
• Alfred

• Andy Bogard

• Billy Kane

• Geese Howard

• Joe Higashi

• Kim Kaphwan

• Lao

• Li Xiangfei

• Mai Shiranui

• Rick Strowd

• Ryuji Yamazaki

• Terry Bogard

• Wolfgang Krauser

Reception
IGN stated that First Contact was a quality game while unfavorably comparing it to King of Fighters R-2 or Samurai Shodown! 2. GameSpot praised the quality of the title's graphics but similarly compared it unfavorably to King of Fighters R-. Hardcore Gaming 101 stated that the title was "among the best portable fighters ever made". Nintendo Life called the Switch port "accessible and charming" while stating that there were better alternatives available for the system. Nintendo World Report complimented the graphics but criticized the lack of extras compared to the other Neo Geo Pocket Color fighting games. Hardcore Gamer wrote that the game "[...] plays like a dream still and while its graphics don’t hold up as well as the other NGPC games due to a lack of background activity, its core action does." Siliconera called First Contact a "fun pocket-sized fighter".

title: Fatal Fury: First Contact


text:
Russ Kick

Russell Charles Kick III (July 20, 1969 –September 12, 2021) was an American writer, editor, and publisher.

Russell Charles Kick III was born on July 20, 1969, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Early in his career, Kick wrote articles, a column, and a cover story for The Village Voice. He was the founder and editor of The Memory Hole, Memory Hole 2, and Altgov2, which published and archived U.S. government documents, including scientific studies, documents received under FOIA and civil rights-related reports, intelligence and covert action reports, consumer safety reports, and images including photographs of flag-draped coffins of American military personnel. These photographs of the war dead garnered worldwide media attention, including heavy rotation on all 24-hour news channels and front-page coverage on major newspapers, including The New York Times. The Memory Hole also gained attention for posting a completely uncensored version of a Justice Department report about its internal hiring practices, leading to a front-page story in The New York Times.

Kick was editor-at-large for The Disinformation Company and he wrote three books and edited six anthologies, including You Are Being Lied To and 50 Things You're Not Supposed to Know. He also edited an anthology of classic and contemporary poems about death for Disinformation and Red Wheel/Weiser.

He compiled and edited a three-volume, 1,600-page anthology set entitled The Graphic Canon from Seven Stories Press. The series features the world's great literature interpreted by more than 120 artists and illustrators such as R. Crumb, Maxon Crumb, Will Eisner, Molly Crabapple, Sharon Rudahl, Dame Darcy, S. Clay Wilson, Gris Grimly, Roberta Gregory, Kim Deitch, and Tara Seibel. The first volume, From The Epic of Gilgamesh to Shakespeare to Dangerous Liaisons (spring 2012), covers literature from ancient times through the end of the eighteenth century. The second volume, Kubla Khan to the Brontë Sisters to The Picture of Dorian Gray (fall 2012), is devoted completely to the nineteenth century. The third volume, From Heart of Darkness to Hemingway to Infinite Jest (spring 2013), covers the entire twentieth century.

The next volume in the continuing project, The Graphic Canon of Children's Literature, was published in November 2014. The last volume completed in the series, Graphic Canon of Crime and Mystery was published in November 2017 by Seven Stories Press. It expanded the Graphic Canon series into the genres of crime and mystery.

From 2018 to 2021, he was the director of open records for Rise for the Animals where he expanded the ARLO (Animal Research Laboratory Overview) database to include information obtained through FOIA and public records requests related to animal experimentation and animal welfare at a variety of research facilities.

At the age of 52, Kick died on September 12, 2021, in Tucson, Arizona. No cause of death was announced, but Kick's sister said he had suffered from health problems for over a decade.

Books

 * 50 Things You're Not Supposed to Know, The Disinformation Company, Ltd. 2003. ISBN 0-9713942-8-8
 * 50 Things You're Not Supposed to Know, Vol. 2, The Disinformation Company, Ltd. 2005. ISBN 1-932857-02-8
 * 100 Things You're Not Supposed to Know, The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2008. ISBN 1-932857-62-1
 * Abuse Your Illusions: The Disinformation Guide to Media Mirages and Establishment Lies (editor), The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2003. ISBN 0-9713942-4-5
 * Death Poems: Classic, Contemporary, Witty, Serious, Tear-Jerking, Wise, Profound, Angry, Funny, Spiritual, Atheistic, Uncertain, Personal, Political, Mythic, Earthy, and Only Occasionally Morbid (editor), Disinformation Books, an imprint of Red Wheel/Weiser. 2013. ISBN 978-1938875045
 * The Disinformation Book of Lists: Subversive Facts and Hidden Information in Rapid-fire Format, The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2004. ISBN 0-9729529-4-2
 * Everything You Know About God Is Wrong: The Disinformation Guide to Religion (editor), The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2007. ISBN 978-1-932857-59-7
 * Everything You Know About Sex Is Wrong: The Disinformation Guide to the Extremes of Human Sexuality (and Everything in Between) (editor), The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2005. ISBN 1-932857-17-6
 * Everything You Know Is Wrong: The Disinformation Guide to Secrets and Lies (editor), The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2002. ISBN 0-9713942-0-2
 * Flash Wisdom: A Curated Collection of Mind-Blowing, Perspective-Changing Quotes (editor), Disinformation Books, an imprint of Red Wheel/Weiser, March 2015. ISBN 978-1938875120
 * The Graphic Canon of Children's Literature (editor), Seven Stories Press, summer 2014.
 * The Graphic Canon: The World's Great Literature as Comics and Visuals, Volume One: From The Epic of Gilgamesh to Shakespeare to Dangerous Liaisons (editor), Seven Stories Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-60980-376-6
 * The Graphic Canon: The World's Great Literature as Comics and Visuals, Volume Two: From Kubla Khan to the Brontë Sisters to The Picture of Dorian Gray (editor), Seven Stories Press, 2012.
 * The Graphic Canon: The World's Great Literature as Comics and Visuals, Volume Three: From Heart of Darkness to Hemingway to Infinite Jest (editor), Seven Stories Press, 2013.
 * Hot off the Net: Erotica and Other Sex Writings from the Internet (editor), Black Books. 1999. ISBN 1-892723-00-X
 * Outposts: A Catalog of Rare and Disturbing Information, Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1995.
 * Psychotropedia: A Guide to Publications on the Periphery, Critical Vision, 1998. ISBN 1-900486-03-2
 * You Are Being Lied To: The Disinformation Guide to Media Distortion, Historical Whitewashes and Cultural Myths (editor), The Disinformation Company Ltd. 2001. ISBN 0-9664100-7-6

title: Russ Kick


text:
Talk:Polyphyony

This page should be deleted. It appears to have been created in the first place only as a result of a misspelling. Nothing links here except WikiProject help desk/cleanup/double redirects/20050623/3. DanMS 20:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Polyphyony


text:
Palakkad Gap

Palakkad Gap or Palghat Gap is a low mountain pass in the Western Ghats between Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and Palakkad in the state of Kerala. It has an average elevation of 140 m with a width of 24-30 km. The pass is located between the Nilgiri Hills to the north and Anaimalai Hills to the south.

History
Palakkad gap has played a major role in enabling human migration into Kerala from parts of Tamil Nadu. From 300 BC to the 13th century, it also helped the Cheras rule the entire Kerala and the Kongu Nadu as one geographical unit from Karur in Western Tamil Nadu. Tamil Brahmins migrated to Palakkad from Central Tamil Nadu via the Palakkad gap from the 15th century to 18th century.

Geography

There are various theories about the origin of Palakkad gap. One among them is that it is caused by the landslide due to rivers flowing in opposite directions. The Bharathappuzha river from Pollachi, Tamil Nadu (River Ponnani) flows through the Palakkad Gap, collects water from various rivulets and tributaries feeding from steep escarpment slopes along the flanks of the Ghats. Another theory suggests that the gap may be created by an asteroid strike around 800 million to 550 million years ago.

A study published in 2008 suggest that it is the continuation of a Precambrian shear-zone that extended from east Africa through Ranotsara Gap of Madagascar to Palakkad Gap in India.

There is also another theory which suggest that this Palakkad Gap is formed out due to a massive Asteroid attack at Coimbatore Area which leads to the formation of Kaveri Crater (it is considered to be fourth largest crater surface on the earth) and due to which a hill terrain which already existed in that area might be wiped out due to the massive impact which leads to the subsequent formation of Palakkad Gap.

Effect on weather
The gap affects the weather patterns in Southern India as it allows the moisture-laden Southwest monsoon winds into western Tamil Nadu, moderating summer temperatures and generating greater rainfall in the region relative to the rest of lowland Tamil Nadu. It affects rainfall activity in parts of western Tamil Nadu, around Coimbatore, Palladam, Kangeyam, Dharapuram, Udumalai by allowing moisture laden winds from the West Coastal region of Kerala and Arabian Sea. It also allows the hot winds coming from Tamil Nadu which warm the eastern part of Kerala significantly compared to the rest of the state and the tropical cyclone winds from Bay of Bengal bearing rain during the summer.

Transport and trade
The gap is the lowest pass through the Western Ghats in the region. It is an important mountain pass in the Western Ghats that runs along the entire eastern edge of Kerala isolating it from the neighboring Tamil Nadu. It acts as an important transport corridor between the two States by linking Palakkad District of Kerala with Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu and has served as a vital trade route between the east and west coasts of peninsular India since ancient times.

Both the National Highway 544 and the Jolarpettai - Shoranur railway line, Palakkad - Pollachi railway line joining Kerala to Tamil Nadu pass through the gap. The gap also helps for VHF line of sight communications between the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Wind energy
The Palakkad Gap funnels the winds blowing from the west on to Palakkad District in Kerala, Coimbatore and Tirupur districts in Tamil Nadu making the region one of the major wind power generation areas. The average annual wind speed is 18–22 km/h. Large windmill farms can be seen in and around Kanjikode, Chittur, Muthalamada, Kollengode, Pollachi, Kinathukadavu, Udumalaipettai, Dharapuram and Madathukulam.

title: Palakkad Gap


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Laborers' International Union of North America

The Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA, stylized as LiUNA!), often shortened to just the Laborers' Union, is an American and Canadian labor union formed in 1903. As of 2017, they had about 500,000 members, about 80,000 of whom are in Canada. The current general president is Brent Booker who was appointed general president in 2023. There are nine regions across North America; these regions are further divided into 500 local unions. One region is in Toronto, Canada, and is led by Joseph Mancinelli, Local 183, which is the largest construction local union in North America.

1900–1920
LIUNA's origins stretch back to the 19th century when local construction unions began popping up across the United States. Then, in March 1903, Samuel Gompers, the President of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), successfully persuaded various local construction unions from across the U.S. to unite in order to consolidate power in their fight against unfair labor practices.

As a result, on April 13, 1903, the International Hod Carriers and Building Laborers' Union (IHC and BLC) was established at its founding convention in Washington D.C. At the convention there were 25 delegates from 23 unions in 17 different cities in attendance. During the course of the convention the delegates elected a General President, Herman Lilien, a General Secretary-Treasurer, Harold Stemburgh, and adopted a Declaration of Principles. Also, the delegates were able to produce the union's first charter, which claimed jurisdiction over:"Wrecking of buildings, excavations of buildings, digging of trenches, piers and foundations, holes, digging, lagging, sheeting of said foundations, holes, and caisson work, concrete for buildings, whether foundations, floors or any other, whether done by hand or any other process, tending to masons, mixing and handling all materials used by masons (except stone setters), building of centers for fireproofing purposes, tending to carpenters, tending to and mixing of all materials for plastering, whether done by hand or any other process, clearing of debris from buildings, shoring, underpinning and raising of old buildings, drying of plastering, when done by salamander heat, handling of dimension stones."Nine years later, in 1912, the IHC and BLC experiences two name changes. First, in September, the union's name was changed to the International Hod Carriers and Common Laborers of America. Then, in December, the name was changed again to the International Hod Carriers' Building and Common Laborers of America.

During the early 20th century, the union achieved considerable wage raises for members in Pittsburgh, New York City, New York and Chicago, and orchestrated strikes in Boston, St. Louis and Philadelphia. By 1920, membership had climbed to 96,000. The union backed calls by African American workers to be allowed full and equal status as union members, denying permission for segregated unions to be founded in Kansas City and Cincinnati.

1921–1940
In 1929, the union expanded to include the Tunnel and Subway Constructors' International Union of North America. Then, eight years later, the union expanded again to include the International Union of Pavers, Rammermen, Flag Layers, Bridge and Stone Curb Setters and Sheet Asphalt Pavers. However, during the Great Depression of the 1930s, membership fell to under 30,000 as more and more people lost their jobs.

In 1940, the union moved its international headquarters from Massachusetts to Washington, D.C. Also, in October of that year, union dues were suspended in support of the U.S.'s impending involvement in WWII.

1941–1960
By 1942, despite the decline in union membership during the early years of the Great Depression, membership climbed back up to more than 400,000 – over half of which left their jobs to serve in World War II. In September 1946, at the general convention in Chicago, the union created a monthly journal called The Laborer. However, the first issue of The Laborer was not published until June 1947. A few months later, in September, the union signed its first national pipeline agreement, which protected wages, benefits, and safety conditions for pipeline workers.

During the 1950s, the union made significant gains concerning health and welfare benefits. For example, in 1956, laborers in Pittsburgh were able to form pension plans. Also, in 1955, the union helped establish the National Joint Heavy and Highway Construction Committee. The purpose of the committee was to ensure that union members could take advantage of the jobs created by the Interstate Highway Act of 1954.

1961–1980
In 1962, the Laborers met with President John F. Kennedy at the White House to pledge not to discriminate when hiring. Later, after President Kennedy was assassinated, the union went back to the White House yet again, this time to pledge support for President Lyndon B. Johnson's "war on poverty". Union members even participated in Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1965, the union was renamed the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA). A year later, LIUNA created the Laborers' Political League in order to both influence politics and encourage its members to participate in the political process. In 1968, the union expanded to include over 60,000 new workers from the National Association of Post Office Mail Handlers, Watchmen, Messengers and Group Leaders. Also, the Journeyman Stone Cutters' Association of North America joined with the union as well.

During the 1970s, LIUNA continued to push for improved education and training for its workers despite a slowdown in construction projects. For instance, in 1971, LIUNA's Laborers – Associated General Contractors Fund completed a film and held its first national training conference. In addition, LIUNA helped hospital workers organize under the AFL–CIO's Public Employee Department in 1974. Also in that year, LIUNA signed a national agreement with Bricklayers and Masonry contractors. In 1976, LIUNA began training women to work in construction with funds from the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. Other notable achievements for LIUNA during the 1970s were newly established pension plans in central and southern states, legal services for members of Louisiana local 229, and a vision center for members in Massachusetts.

1981–2000
The 1980s were tough times for labor in general due to President Ronald Reagan's tough stance against unions. However, there were some successes for LIUNA. In 1981, LIUNA locals in New York sought to improve their benefits by offering drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs. Also, in that same year, LIUNA created the New England Laborers' Training Academy (NELTA). The purpose of NELTA was to spread awareness of the dangers of asbestos and teach union members how to safely remove it. Then, six years later, LIUNA signed a national agreement with the Asbestos Abatement Contractors Association ensuring safer working conditions for all its members. Two years prior to that, the union won another significant victory when the Department of Labor formally recognized highway flaggers as members of LIUNA. This was important because it gave the highway flaggers better protection for their wages. In 1988, LIUNA established the Laborers' Health and Safety Fund of North America, which was a co-venture between labor and management to help improved health and safety for workers. One year later, LIUNA locals in Baltimore and Washington, D.C., followed the example set by New York unions and instituted drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs. These programs have since been expanded to unions across the rest of America.

During the 1990s, LIUNA experienced a number of new organizing initiatives to improve and expand the union. By 1994, the United States Department of Labor had recognized construction as an apprenticeable occupation, which allowed LIUNA to establish its own apprenticeship program. In 1998, LIUNA created its Public Employee Department. As a result, LIUNA added approximately 5,200 Riverside, California County workers along members of the Canadian Licensed Practical Nurses Association.

Branches of the LIUNA were found to have been infiltrated by organized crime in the 1990s. In one particular case, the Buffalo, New York wing of the Italian mafia controlled Local 210 of the LIUNA for decades. A protracted investigation into the union's operations over the course of a decade eventually drove the crime family out of the union by 2006.

2001–present
In 2001, members of the LIUNA participated in the clean up at Ground Zero in New York following the September 11 terrorist attacks. In 2003, the same year the Laborers' Union celebrated its 100th anniversary, it also spearheaded the creation of its first construction charter school. The Cranston Public Schools Construction and Career Academy is a high school that teaches students about the construction industry and how to get into it. At the 2011 convention, LIUNA passed several resolutions to help invest in political activism through the organization's Political Action Committee (PAC).

On June 1, 2006, O'Sullivan announced that LIUNA had disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO and joined the Change to Win Federation. However, LIUNA officials said on August 13, 2010, that the union would leave Change to Win and rejoin the AFL–CIO in October 2010.

In May 2016, in the midst of the 2016 United States presidential election, LIUNA donated US$1 million to Priorities USA Action, a SuperPAC which supports Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign.

Membership
According to LIUNA's Department of Labor records since 2005, when membership classifications were first reported, the union's membership has been in a slow decline across all categories except "retired" members, which reports a slight increase during the period. The most drastic decline, by over half, has been in "mail handlers associate" members, which is the second largest category of members and the only category reported as ineligible to vote in the union. LIUNA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers, which since 2006 have numbered comparatively less than 1% of the size of the union's membership. Agency fee payers have also fallen by about half of its reported number, although comparatively marginal throughout. As of 2013 this accounts for about 90,000 "mail handler associates" (16%), 68,000 "retirees" (12%) and 38,000 "mail handler regulars" (7%), plus less than 2,000 non-members paying agency fees, compared to about 362,000 "regular" members (65%).

Presidents

 * 1903: Herman Lilien
 * 1905: Michael Knipfer
 * 1905: August Palutze
 * 1906: John Breen
 * 1908: Dominic D'Alessandro
 * 1926: Joseph V. Moreschi
 * 1968: Peter Fosco
 * 1975: Angelo Fosco
 * 1993: Arthur A. Coia
 * 2000: Terence M. O'Sullivan
 * 2023: Brent Booker

Secretary-Treasurers

 * 1903: Harold Stemburgh
 * 1907: Jacob Talezaar
 * 1907: Earnest Villiard
 * 1910: Achilles Persion
 * 1950: Peter Fosco
 * 1968: Terence J. O'Sullivan
 * 1979: Arthur E. Coia
 * 1989: Arthur A. Coia
 * 1993: James Norwood
 * 1994: Bud Vinall
 * 1998: Carl E. Booker
 * 2001: Armand E. Sabitoni
 * 2023: Michael F. Sabitoni


text:
July 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 13 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 15

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 27 by Old Calendar.

For July 14th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 1.

Saints

 * Apostle Aquila of the Seventy (1st century), and St. Priscilla (1st century)  (see also: February 13, July 8)
 * Martyr Justus, a soldier martyred in Rome (1st century)
 * Saint Heraclius, Patriarch of Alexandria, first called by the term "Pope" (246)
 * Martyr Heraclius, clubbed to death.
 * Saint Onesimus of Magnesia, Monk and Wonderworker of Caesarea in Palestine (c. 284-305)
 * Martyrs Aquila and Hilary, by stoning.
 * Martyr Peter the New, Bishop of Crete.
 * Venerable Ellius (Hellius) of Egypt (4th century)
 * Saint Joseph the Confessor (Joseph I the Studite), Archbishop of Thessalonica (832)
 * New Martyr John of Merv, Turkmenistan (early 11th century)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Felix of Como, the first Bishop of Como in Italy, he was a friend of St Ambrose (c. 390)
 * Saint Idus of Leinster, baptised by St Patrick, he became Bishop of Alt-Fadha in Leinster, Ireland (5th century)
 * Saint Optatian (Ottaziano), Bishop of Brescia in Italy c. 451-505 (c. 505)
 * Saint Deusdedit of Canterbury, the first Englishman to become Archbishop of Canterbury, succeeding St Honorius in 655 (664)
 * Saint Marcellinus (Marchelm, Marculf), Priest, of Utrecht (c. 762)
 * Saint Libert of Saint-Trond, baptized and educated by St. Rumoldus, he became a Benedictine monk (783)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Stephen of Makhrishche, founder of Makhrishche Monastery in Vologda (1406)
 * Venerable Nicodemus of Mt. Athos, spiritual writer (1809)
 * Saint Longinus, Hiero-Schemamonk of Svyatogorsk Monastery (1882)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr Constantine Bogoyavlensky, Priest (1918)
 * New Hieromartyr Nicholas Poretsky, Priest (1933)

Other commemorations

 * Uncovering of the relics (1572) of Righteous Virgin Glyceria of Novgorod (1522)
 * Uncovering of the relics (1993) of St. Theophilus, Fool-for-Christ, of Kiev (1853)

title: July 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


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Shinya Hashimoto

Shinya Hashimoto (橋本 真也) was a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter and actor. Along with Masahiro Chono and Keiji Mutoh, Hashimoto was dubbed one of the "Three Musketeers" that began competing in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) in the mid-1980s and dominated the promotion in the 1990s.

He is one of three wrestlers (the others being Keiji Mutoh and Satoshi Kojima) that have held the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship and the IWGP Heavyweight Championship and is an overall five-time world champion.

Early years (1984–1988)
Hashimoto grew up in Toki City in Gifu and began training in judo and karate in his late teens. His training helped him in his transition to professional wrestling, as he joined the NJPW Dojo in April 1984. He made his debut for NJPW in September 1984 at the age of 19, wrestling against Tatsutoshi Goto. Hashimoto worked on becoming a skilled wrestler over the next few years, traveling whenever necessary to gain more seasoning, such as over in the United States (Continental Wrestling Association), Canada (Stampede Wrestling), and Puerto Rico (World Wrestling Council).

It was in Puerto Rico in 1988 that Hashimoto formed The Three Musketeers with Masahiro Chono and Keiji Mutoh.

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (1988–2000)
Upon Hashimoto's return to New Japan in July 1988, he started to climb his way up the NJPW ladder. By this time, he introduced a martial artist gimmick based on his background, which he represented by wearing a hachimaki during his ring entrances and utilizing a wrestling style based on shoot kicks, karate strikes, and submission holds. In April 1989, he took part in the IWGP Heavyweight Championship tournament at New Japan's first show in the Tokyo Dome, Battle Satellite in Tokyo Dome he defeated Riki Choshu and Victor Zangiev, before losing to Big Van Vader in the finals. In September 1989, Hashimoto teamed with Masa Saito to win his first gold, the IWGP Tag Team Championship, beating Choshu and Takayuki Iizuka. The two held the belts until the next year, losing in April 1990 to two other up-and-comers: Masahiro Chono and Keiji Mutoh.

In August 1991, Hashimoto, Chono, and Mutoh cemented their status as the aces of NJPW during the G1 Climax, surpassing longtime aces Antonio Inoki, Tatsumi Fujinami, and Riki Choshu. In July 1992, he replaced an injured Akira Nogami to team with Hiroshi Hase to participate in the NWA World Tag Team Championship tournament held by World Championship Wrestling and they defeated The Fabulous Freebirds in the quarterfinals, before losing to Dustin Rhodes and Barry Windham in the semi-finals. Hashimoto finally hit the big time in 1993, as he won the IWGP Heavyweight Championship from the Great Muta in September. Hashimoto held the biggest belt in NJPW for the next seven months before being taken down by the legendary Tatsumi Fujinami. Hashimoto regained the gold only a month later, in May 1994. For the next year, Hashimoto stayed a dominating force in New Japan, defeating challenger after challenger. Hashimoto reigned as the IWGP Heavyweight Champion for over a year, losing the belt to Mutoh only two days after celebrating the milestone.

A few months after losing the gold, Hashimoto teamed up with Junji Hirata in July 1995 to face and defeat Scott Norton and Mike Enos to win the vacated IWGP Tag Team Championship, making Hashimoto a two-time champion in both divisions. Soon, Hashimoto enjoyed another lengthy championship run, as he and Hirata remained the champions for almost another year. Hashimoto also became a double champion, as he defeated Nobuhiko Takada to regain the IWGP Heavyweight Title on April 29, 1996. Hashimoto and Hirata lost the tag title in June 1996, when they fell to Takashi Iizuka and Kazuo Yamazaki. Hashimoto soldiered on to focus solely on the singles gold, as he worked on another lengthy run. In 1997, he was presented with a new championship belt (the second-generation IWGP Heavyweight Championship). On August 31, 1997, Hashimoto lost the title to Kensuke Sasaki, after reigning as a champion for a record-breaking 489 days (the record has since been broken by Kazuchika Okada in 2017). Hashimoto continued to work for NJPW for the next few years, earning another great honor by winning the G1 Climax in 1998.

Hashimoto launched into a brutal rivalry against Judo champion Naoya Ogawa in 1997, leading to Hashimoto vowing to retire from NJPW if he lost again, which happened in April 2000. He stayed at New Japan for the New Japan/All Japan "Do Judge!" card on October 9, where he defeated Tatsumi Fujinami by submission, and also appeared at the Great Voyage 2000 event for Pro Wrestling Noah on December 23, where he defeated Takao Omori, but he later left NJPW as promised.

Different Style Fights (1990–1998)
Between 1990 and 1998, Hashimoto took part in various worked mixed martial arts-like worked bouts in NJPW, called "Different Style Fights", where he defeated the likes of Tony Halme, Ramzan Shibiev, and Dennis Lane. Most of the bouts lasted from 3 to 14 minutes and usually ended via submission or knockout.

Due to his success at this field, Hashimoto was scouted by K-1 executive Kazuyoshi Ishii to compete in their '93 GP tournament, but he declined. He was also invited to a 1994 all-star shoot wrestling tournament in Union of Wrestling Forces International, NJPW's rival promotion, in which the winner would receive a hundred million yen prize, but he refused again.

Pro Wrestling Zero-One (2001–2005)
Hashimoto registered the Pro Wrestling Zero-One name on November 13, 2000, after being fired from New Japan Pro-Wrestling, and the promotion had its first show on March 2, 2001. Hashimoto challenged Steve Corino for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in October 2001. The match ended in controversy, leading to the belt being vacated. In December 2001, Hashimoto faced off against Corino and Gary Steele in a Triple Threat Match, winning the vacated NWA World Heavyweight Title. Hashimoto's NWA World Title reign would come to an end in March 2002 through duplicitous means, as a crooked referee gave a fast count, allowing Dan Severn to win the title. Hashimoto then went back to concentrating on Zero-One, where he was an active competitor. In October 2002, Hashimoto teamed with his old rival, Naoya Ogawa, to win the NWA Intercontinental Tag-Team Title (which were usually defended in Zero-One) from John Heidenreich and Nathan Jones. The two defended the championship for the next few months, before falling to Matt Ghaffari and Tom Howard in December 2002. The two teams feuded on and off over the next few months, even as Hashimoto looked to another organization for a major accomplishment.

On February 23, 2003, Hashimoto defeated the Great Muta to win All Japan Pro Wrestling's Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship; as a result, Hashimoto became only the second man to have held the NJPW, AJPW, and NWA World Titles (as Keiji Mutoh was the first). Hashimoto and Ogawa won back the NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Title from Ghaffari and Howard in April 2003. However, due to Ogaya having thrown Ghaffari over the top rope at one point in the match, NWA President Richard Arpin stripped them of the championship a few days later, as throwing an opponent over the top rope is against the rules in the NWA. Hashimoto's Triple Crown would face a similar fate, as Hashimoto suffered a shoulder injury in July 2003 and had to vacate the belt.

Despite the build-up of several injuries, Hashimoto continued to wrestle on and off in Zero-One, including teaming with Yoshiaki Fujiwara to get the NWA Intercontinental Tag-Team Titles for a third time, defeating Takao Omori and Shiro Koshinaka in June 2004. The two remained the champions until before Omori found a new partner in Shinjiro Otani to win the championship in August 2004. Going into 2005, Hashimoto left Zero-One and placed Otani in charge, citing financial problems as the reason for his departure.

Personal life
Hashimoto has a son, Daichi Hashimoto, who made his pro wrestling debut for the Zero1 promotion at their 10th Anniversary Show on March 6, 2011, facing Masahiro Chono in a losing effort. He also left behind two young daughters.

Death
Hashimoto suddenly died of a brain aneurysm on July 11, 2005; he was pronounced dead at 10:36 a.m. while en route to the hospital. Hashimoto's sister Masanari claimed that Hashimoto had been complaining about chest pains and thought that his heart was beating too fast a week prior to his death, but refused to contact his doctor about the conditions. Hashimoto had a heart problem in 2004 and was put on medicine, but he had to stop taking it after having shoulder surgery. Hashimoto's doctor claimed that high blood pressure was the most likely cause for his brain hemorrhage and proposed that other stress over the years led to these problems.

Tributes
In the years following Hashimoto's death, numerous wrestlers and promotions have paid tribute to him. Immediately following his death, New Japan retired the second IWGP Heavyweight Championship belt as Hashimoto was the first to wear it. A third IWGP Title belt was created and debuted in October 2005, but New Japan lost it in July 2006 when Brock Lesnar left New Japan and took the belt with him which forced New Japan to bring the second belt back. After regaining the third belt in February 2008 and the creation of the fourth IWGP Title belt, the second was retired once again. On March 2, 2008, then IWGP Heavyweight Champion: Shinsuke Nakamura visited ZERO1 for their anniversary show where he defeated Kohei Sato. After the match, he gave the second IWGP Title belt to Hashimoto's son, Daichi.

In August 2005, Masahiro Chono used Hashimoto's Bakusho Sengen theme during the final match of the 2005 G1 Climax. At PRIDE Shockwave 2005, Naoya Ogawa wore Hashimoto's signature headband and came out to Bakusho Sengen for his fight against Hidehiko Yoshida. In late 2005, Hashimoto was posthumously awarded an achievement award by Tokyo Sports. At Wrestle Kingdom in Tokyo Dome on January 4, 2007, Chono and Mutoh paid tribute after defeating Tencozy as they wore Hashimoto's headbands while his theme song played. On September 21, 2009, ZERO1 held the Shinya Hashimoto 25th Anniversary Destructive King Legend In Korakuen Hall show which celebrated Hashimoto's would be 25th anniversary. In 2010, Hashimoto was inducted into both New Japan's Greatest Wrestlers Hall of Fame and the NWA Hall of Fame.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Japan Pro Wrestling
 * Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * National Wrestling Alliance
 * NWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)
 * NWA Pro-Wrestling Xpress
 * NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * IWGP Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Masa Saito (1) and Junji Hirata (1)
 * G1 Climax (1998)
 * Kyushu Cup (1990)
 * Super Grade Tag League (1992) – with Riki Choshu
 * Super Grade Tag League (1996) – with Scott Norton
 * Greatest Wrestlers (Class of 2010)
 * Nikkan Sports
 * Match of The Year (1996) vs. Nobuhiko Takada on April 29
 * Pro Wrestling Zero-One
 * NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Naoya Ogawa (2) Yoshiaki Fujiwara (1)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 7 of the 500 best singles wrestlers for the PWI 500 in 1997.
 * Ranked No. 45 of the 500 best singles wrestlers for the "PWI Years" in 2003.
 * Tokyo Sports
 * Achievement Award (2005)
 * Fighting Spirit Award (1993)
 * Outstanding Performance Award (1989)
 * Wrestler of the Year (1994)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2000)

title: Shinya Hashimoto


text:
Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Snowspinner

User:Snowspinner has frequently been at the center of controversies, particularly ones surrounding his use of administrator powers. Some see Snowspinner as being needlessly dismissive of criticism and quick to judge users he considers to be "problem users," at times trolling them into crossing the line so that he can ban them. Snowspinner has also been criticized for not contributing enough to the encyclopedia.

Comments by Snowspinner
I'll hold my tongue on this one for obvious reasons, though I'm interested to see what other people have to say.

Comments by Ed Poor
Snowy is a very mature and dedicate contributor to Wikipedia, with sound judgment and a keen sense of what is needed to promote teamwork and improve encyclopedic standards. Uncle Ed 20:44, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

"not contributing enough to the encyclopedia"
Well, gosh darn it all, just dock his pay !! What's half of nuthin' again ? 4.250.132.205 22:32, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * What s/he said. Also there are lots of housekeepers, wikignomes, and wheel-oilers around this place, who perform indispensable tasks while they don't contribute much to actual articles. These users are normally praised for their usefulness and made welcome; are they all to be censored now, or is it just Snowspinner? Conversely, other users add a lot of content but do no housekeeping, should we censor them for imbalance also? One of the great things of the wiki system is that we can all pitch in with the kind of work we like: it's the joint effort that needs to be balanced, not the individual one. This is such a non-point! Bishonen | talk 11:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you kidding? There's a big difference between housekeeping and what Snowspinner does. Even he would admit, I suppose, that most of his time is spent trying to get users he doesn't like penalized. A lot of us feel like we could put up with him a little more if we felt he was giving back to us instead of just taking from us. And also that if he involved himself in editing more he might gain a better understanding of the realities here. Everyking 04:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I hope that you'll ask the vague "a lot of us" to also weigh in here. I'd like very much to hear from them. Snowspinner 05:07, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Housekeeping? How does fouling up the air in the house make it a better place to be in? -- Grace Note

The obvious comment
Wikipedia would fall apart without Snowspinner. --SPUI (talk) 23:24, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I appreciate the sentiment, but I suspect y'all would somehow find a way to get along. ;) Snowspinner 23:31, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Snowspinner


text:
Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Everyking

User:Everyking has frequently found conflicts on WP:AN/I, where he criticizes other admins for rash or overly punitive decisions. Many find these criticisms to be targeted more at the admins than at the decisions, and accuse Everyking of simply following up on personal grudges.

Comments by Snowspinner
Let me start by saying that Everyking's edits to the article namespace are exceptional - he's one of our best content editors, and I thank him for that. I'd also like to note that I am very pleasantly surprised by how much he's moderated his conduct on Ashlee Simpson articles - I'll admit I was one of the naysayers about letting him back on the articles, and from what I've seen I was wrong about that.

But I think Everyking's conduct in terms of criticizing other administrators is extremely unhelpful. I don't mean to dismiss Everyking's complaints - they may well be valid, including the ones about me. But I think that Everyking's position of a critic who doesn't really contribute to the solutions makes for an adversarial climate that exacerbates many of the problems he criticizes. When one knows one is going to come under fire no matter what one does, one is less likely to think through one's options.

I encourage Everyking to take a more active role in dispute resolution. He could help out at WP:TINMC, or make an effort to head off some of the disruptive users and see if he can help talk some sense into them before an admin comes along with a more forcible cluestick. Everyking clearly has a lot of passion about this aspect of Wikipedia - I think he could be a great benefit to the project if he were to extend his passion beyond criticism and into trying to enact some of the changes he wants to see.

title: Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Everyking


text:
Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Ed Poor

User: Ed Poor has been criticized at times for being too quick to take action that is often unsupported by policy. Examples of this include removing the sysop powers of several users (Something which, it must be noted, he's apologized for) and blocking for things that are not covered under the blocking policy.

Comments by Snowspinner
I have little beef with Ed's actions, to be honest, including his temporary removal of my sysop powers. What I would like to see more of from Ed is attempts to make sure that his instinctive reasoning is backed up by consensus. A good example is the block of User:Cognition. I supported this block, and told Ed as much on his talk page. I think it was the right call at the time. But I do wish that Ed had posted news of the block on AN/I and invited comment from other people. I don't mind admins making judgment calls when confronted with situations that the rules don't cover - in fact, I think it's an important thing for admins to do. But that judgment needs to be cross-checked with other admins, and I wish Ed were quicker to do that.

Comments by Ed Poor
I agree. Someone has to reign this guy in. He's not the Lone Ranger, you know. Does he think he's in some kind of old-timer's heaven where he can be bold and get away with outrageous stunts that would have gotten even Soupy Sales a [week's suspension]?

At the very least, there should be a log of his actions, so other people know what he's up to. Uncle Ed 20:38, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, enough third person fun. On to the serious stuff. I almost went unilateral and appointed Connolley an admin, after a last-minute change of heart - but asked for and took advice from others. How about that?

 * And when I deleted vfd, I didn't keep deleting it. I created a proposed policy page after the fact, and kept tally of responses. There is clearly not overwhelming support for an immediate, permanent elimination of the current system. I accepted the one-minute block for 'disruption' gracefully, if ostentatiously, and have retreated to clean-up at articles linked to template:wrongtitle. Uncle Ed 17:56, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Comments by William M. Connolley
Someone prepared to do things quickly is a good idea. I watched Ed's soluition to the sysop-block war: it worked out OK. I've been b ann locked by Ed; that was OK too. But... sometimes he does need to stop and think, IMHO. Just recently Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Pseudoscience (and his comments on the mailing list) come to mind. So... if things are urgent, I like Ed's jumping in. For *non-urgent* matters, I think he ought to slow down a bit. William M. Connolley 21:10:05, 2005-07-12 (UTC).

title: Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Ed Poor


text:
Wikipedia:Wikimediation/Adam Carr and Cognition

User:Cognition has become controversial for his advocacy of his Lyndon LaRouche-based POV on a number of articles, both directly related to LaRouche and unrelated. His editing style involves a lot of reverts, and many people seem to be rubbed the wrong way by his tendency to call historical figures he disagrees with, among other things, "beast-men" and "satanic."

User:Adam Carr has been one of the main people involved in the dispute with Cognition, and has reverted most of his edits because of Cognition's status as a "LaRouchist." He is also hostile when he engages in talk pages, being extremey dismissive of LaRouche, and frequently referring to his jail time for "defrauding old grannies."

Comments by Snowspinner
It remains my hope that we'll get a good editor who can explain the LaRouche movement's views in a NPOV manner without sparking edit wars. The last editor to try was Herschel, who's use of sockpuppets to falsely generate consensus and to avoid the 3RR has put something of a pall on LaRouche supporters on Wikipedia. My point here is that there's a real niche to fill if Cognition wants to do it.

The problem is that LaRouche is controversial, and is always going to be controversial, and any pro-LaRouche editor is going to have to be willing to bend over backwards to accommodate what is, in pure factual practice, the overwhelming consensus that LaRouche is not to be taken seriously. He's going to have to accept that articles are not going to reflect the LaRouche view, and be willing to append small sections to a few choice articles that summarize the LaRouche view while also noting that LaRouche does not have mainstream respect. He's going to have to accept that LaRouche sources are not accepted by most Wikipedians, including Jimbo. And above all, he's going to have to strive to overcome the suspicion that many of us have that LaRouche supporters are hostile to the intentions of Wikipedia.

If Cognition wants to do this, I for one would be thrilled. But if he wants to do this, he's going to have to moderate his conduct - ditching the userpage that calls many historical figures satanic and beast-men would be a start, as would picking his battles with a bit more care. Apologizing to Adam Carr might be a powerful gesture of good faith. And accepting that the LaRouche point of view isn't going to be included without making it clear what the source is, and what problems are seen as existing with that source is going to be a must. If Cognition can do these things, I think he can become one of our most valuable contributors.

Statement by Snowspinner
On a personal level, I largely agree with Adam's opinion of LaRouche and LaRouche supporters. But I have to say, I think the dispute has been made a lot worse by Adam's swiftness to judge and open hostility to Cognition. I'm not complaining about Adam's reverting Cognition - I'd revert most of Cognition's edits that I've looked at. But declaring that he will revert LaRouchists on sight without discussion is a bad thing - it makes the situation necessarily adversarial and with no hope of recovery. I hope Adam can find a way to be the better person here and engage in a more productive mode of discussion, because honestly, I think his open hostility is doing more harm than good for his cause, and, as a supporter of the cause, I find that to be a real pity.

Overall Dispute
I have tried to stay civil with Adam Carr, but I am tired of him being able to get away with breaking the 3RR at will while I'll get blocked whenever an admin can think of an exuse to block me. Any user who declares that he is above the rules, like Adam Carr, is the source of the problem. Adam Carr wrote: "I will revert all edits to all articles on my watchlist by the LaRouche cult "editor" Cognition, or any other recognisable LaRouche editor. I will do this until either the LaRouche cultists are banned from Wikipedia or I am. I don't much care which, since an encyclopaedia which allows crackpot cultists to edit its articles is not worth writing for." He even declared that he was reverting me when he had no particular problems with my edits, just to drive me off Wikipedia for my views. Cognition 04:52, 15 July 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:84.65.223.123

title: User talk:84.65.223.123


text:
Patra

Patra may refer to:

 * Patra (singer) (born 1972), female reggae artist
 * Patra Sherani, town and union council of Dera Bugti District in Balochistan, Pakistan
 * Patra TV, television station in Patras, Greece
 * Patras, port city in western Greece
 * Pātra, the Sanskrit name for Ōryōki, a nested set of bowls and eating utensils used by Buddhist monks
 * Patra, an ethnic group in Bangladesh and India
 * Patra, Sahibganj, a census town in Jharkhand, India
 * Colocasia esculenta, a tropical plant

title: Patra


text:
Category:Wrestlers at the 1896 Summer Olympics

This category includes wrestlers at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.


text:
Talk:Russ Kick

Untitled
Note: this is an excerpt from our own 2003 invasion of Iraq, rather than a copyvio from an external site. FreplySpang (talk) 20:07, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Preservation of Flynn Intel Group Inc website
Thank you for preserving the website!. The article Flynn Intel Group Inc is a baby on life support and needs contributors for survival.--Wikipietime (talk) 12:44, 28 June 2017 (UTC)

Merge Discussion
I don't believe that Disinformation (company) would survive a AfD because the only available sources have a trivial mention of The Disinformation Company while focusing on Russ Kick. TipsyElephant (talk) 23:57, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

I do not believe that Disinformation (company) should be merged into to the article for Russ Kick since other people and entities are involved in the former. Since Kick has died, the likelihood is that its history will follow others hereafter, leaving him in the historical position of a dead founder. So I do not support the merger. _ _ _ _ 83d40m (talk) 21:00, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russ Kick


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Krudler

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 04:30, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Krudler
Doesn't warrant an article... maybe Merge with List_of_characters_from_The_Simpsons otherwise Delete -- Gunmetal 20:08, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There's probably room for it in that characters article. Everyone else who's ever been on the show is mentioned. Merge and redirect. -R. fiend 20:15, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Even "characters" never shown and only mentioned once??--Gunmetal 20:22, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah. I was under the impression he actually made a single appearance. Delete. Now that you mention it I remember this. Yeah, a single mention isn't sufficient, low a bar as there is for inclusion on that page. I think I once added Pops Freshenmeyer, who at least was depicted. -R. fiend 21:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And I'm to blame for the inclusion of Señor Ding-dong --Gunmetal 21:29, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, just seems like a cheap one-liner, Krusty + Midler = Krudler... not a "character" IMO. Impossible to expand, obviously.  Delete.  Dcarrano 20:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * If there is a page for Mr. Sparkle, there should be one for krudler. -Krudler
 * But Mr. Sparkle was shown, had lines (in fact he was at the center of that episode), and was a popular joke. Krudler was a throwaway line. --Gunmetal 21:29, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not even sure Mr. Sparkle should have his own page. Most of the article is a highly detailed description of a scene from the show, which seems sort of original research, and maybe a copyvio. In any case, it's basically telling a joke from the show, which is not what encyclopedias do. We're not a joke book (lightbulb joke notwithstanding). -R. fiend 22:07, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Krusty Gets Kancelled, the episode where that joke is found. CanadianCaesar 02:25, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable one-off fictional character. JamesBurns 05:14, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --ScottDavis 14:32, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Krudler


text:
Platonism

Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary Platonists do not necessarily accept all doctrines of Plato. Platonism has had a profound effect on Western thought. At the most fundamental level, Platonism affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to exist in a third realm distinct from both the sensible external world and from the internal world of consciousness, and is the opposite of nominalism. This can apply to properties, types, propositions, meanings, numbers, sets, truth values, and so on (see abstract object theory). Philosophers who affirm the existence of abstract objects are sometimes called Platonists; those who deny their existence are sometimes called nominalists. The terms "Platonism" and "nominalism" also have established senses in the history of philosophy. They denote positions that have little to do with the modern notion of an abstract object.

In a narrower sense, the term might indicate the doctrine of Platonic realism, a form of mysticism. The central concept of Platonism, a distinction essential to the Theory of Forms, is the distinction between the reality which is perceptible but unintelligible, associated with the flux of Heraclitus and studied by the likes of science, and the reality which is imperceptible but intelligible, associated with the unchanging being of Parmenides and studied by the likes of mathematics. Geometry was the main motivation of Plato, and this also shows the influence of Pythagoras. The Forms are typically described in dialogues such as the Phaedo, Symposium and Republic as perfect archetypes of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies. Aristotle's Third Man Argument is its most famous criticism in antiquity.

In the Republic the highest form is identified as the Form of the Good, the source of all other Forms, which could be known by reason. In the Sophist, a later work, the Forms being, sameness and difference are listed among the primordial "Great Kinds". Plato established the academy, and in the 3rd century BC, Arcesilaus adopted academic skepticism, which became a central tenet of the school until 90 BC when Antiochus added Stoic elements, rejected skepticism, and began a period known as Middle Platonism.

In the 3rd century AD, Plotinus added additional mystical elements, establishing Neoplatonism, in which the summit of existence was the One or the Good, the source of all things; in virtue and meditation the soul had the power to elevate itself to attain union with the One. Many Platonic notions were adopted by the Christian church which understood Plato's Forms as God's thoughts (a position also known as divine conceptualism), while Neoplatonism became a major influence on Christian mysticism in the West through Saint Augustine, Doctor of the Catholic Church, who was heavily influenced by Plotinus' Enneads, and in turn were foundations for the whole of Western Christian thought. Many ideas of Plato were incorporated by the Roman Catholic Church.

Philosophy
The primary concept is the Theory of Forms. The only true being is founded upon the forms, the eternal, unchangeable, perfect types, of which particular objects of moral and responsible sense are imperfect copies. The multitude of objects of sense, being involved in perpetual change, are thereby deprived of all genuine existence. The number of the forms is defined by the number of universal concepts which can be derived from the particular objects of sense. The following excerpt may be representative of Plato's middle period metaphysics and epistemology:

[Socrates:] "Since the beautiful is opposite of the ugly, they are two." [Glaucon:] "Of course." "And since they are two, each is one?" "I grant that also." "And the same account is true of the just and unjust, the good and the bad, and all the forms. Each of them is itself one, but because they manifest themselves everywhere in association with actions, bodies, and one another, each of them appears to be many." "That's right." "So, I draw this distinction: On one side are those you just now called lovers of sights, lovers of crafts, and practical people; on the other side are those we are now arguing about and whom one would alone call philosophers." "How do you mean?" "The lovers of sights and sounds like beautiful sounds, colors, shapes, and everything fashioned out of them, but their thought is unable to see and embrace the nature of the beautiful itself." "That's for sure." "In fact, there are very few people who would be able to reach the beautiful itself and see it by itself. Isn't that so?" "Certainly." "What about someone who believes in beautiful things, but doesn't believe in the beautiful itself and isn't able to follow anyone who could lead him to the knowledge of it? Don't you think he is living in a dream rather than a wakened state? Isn't this dreaming: whether asleep or awake, to think that a likeness is not a likeness but rather the thing itself that it is like?" "I certainly think that someone who does that is dreaming." "But someone who, to take the opposite case, believes in the beautiful itself, can see both it and the things that participate in it and doesn't believe that the participants are it or that it itself is the participants—is he living in a dream or is he awake? "He's very much awake." (Republic Bk. V, 475e-476d, translation G. M. A. Grube)

Book VI of the Republic identifies the highest form as the Form of the Good, the cause of all other Ideas, and that on which the being and knowing of all other Forms is contingent. Conceptions derived from the impressions of sense can never give us the knowledge of true being, i.e., of the forms. It can only be obtained by the soul's activity within itself, apart from the troubles and disturbances of sense; that is to say, by the exercise of reason. Dialectic, as the instrument in this process, leading us to knowledge of the forms, and finally to the highest form of the Good, is the first of sciences. Later Neoplatonism, beginning with Plotinus, identified the Good of the Republic with the transcendent, absolute One of the first hypothesis of the Parmenides (137c-142a).

Platonist ethics is based on the Form of the Good. Virtue is knowledge, the recognition of the supreme form of the good. And, since in this cognition, the three parts of the soul, which are reason, spirit, and appetite, all have their share, we get the three virtues, Wisdom, Courage, and Moderation. The bond which unites the other virtues is the virtue of Justice, by which each part of the soul is confined to the performance of its proper function.

Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought. In many interpretations of the Timaeus Platonism, like Aristotelianism, poses an eternal universe, as opposed to the nearby Judaic tradition that the universe had been created in historical time, with its continuous history recorded. Unlike Aristotelianism, Platonism describes idea as prior to matter and identifies the person with the soul. Many Platonic notions secured a permanent place in Christianity.

At the heart of Plato's philosophy is the theory of the soul. Francis Cornford described the twin pillars of Platonism as being the theory of the Forms, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. Indeed, Plato was the first person in the history of philosophy to believe that the soul was both the source of life and the mind. In Plato's dialogues, the soul plays many disparate roles. Among other things, Plato believes that the soul is what gives life to the body (which was articulated most of all in the Laws and Phaedrus) in terms of self-motion: to be alive is to be capable of moving oneself; the soul is a self-mover. He also thinks that the soul is the bearer of moral properties (i.e., when I am virtuous, it is my soul that is virtuous as opposed to, say, my body). The soul is also the mind: it is that which thinks in us.

This casual oscillation between different roles of the soul is seen in many dialogues. First of all, in the Republic: Is there any function of the soul that you could not accomplish with anything else, such as taking care of something (epimeleisthai), ruling, and deliberating, and other such things? Could we correctly assign these things to anything besides the soul, and say that they are characteristic (idia) of it?

No, to nothing else.

What about living? Will we deny that this is a function of the soul?

That absolutely is. The Phaedo most famously caused problems to scholars who were trying to make sense of this aspect of Plato's theory of the soul, such as Broadie and Dorothea Frede.

More-recent scholarship has overturned this accusation arguing that part of the novelty of Plato's theory of the soul is that it was the first to unite the different features and powers of the soul that became commonplace in later ancient and medieval philosophy. For Plato, the soul moves things by means of its thoughts, as one scholar puts it, and accordingly, the soul is both a mover (i.e., the principle of life, where life is conceived of as self-motion) and a thinker.

The Academy
Platonism was originally expressed in the dialogues of Plato, in which the figure of Socrates is used to expound certain doctrines, that may or may not be similar to the thought of the historical Socrates, Plato's master. Plato delivered his lectures at the Platonic Academy, a precinct containing a sacred grove outside the walls of Athens. The school continued there long after Plato's death. There were three periods: the Old, Middle, and New Academy. The chief figures in the Old Academy were Speusippus (Plato's nephew), who succeeded him as the head of the school (until 339 BC), and Xenocrates (until 313 BC). Both of them sought to fuse Pythagorean speculations on number with Plato's theory of forms.

The Skeptical Academy
Around 266 BC, Arcesilaus became head of the academy. This phase, known as the Middle Academy, strongly emphasized philosophical skepticism. It was characterized by its attacks on the Stoics and their assertion of the certainty of truth and our knowledge of it. The New Academy began with Carneades in 155 BC, the fourth head in succession from Arcesilaus. It was still largely skeptical, denying the possibility of knowing an absolute truth; both Arcesilaus and Carneades argued that they were maintaining a genuine tenet of Plato.

Middle Platonism
Around 90 BC, Antiochus of Ascalon rejected skepticism, making way for the period known as Middle Platonism, in which Platonism was fused with certain Peripatetic and many Stoic dogmas. In Middle Platonism, the Platonic Forms were not transcendent but immanent to rational minds, and the physical world was a living, ensouled being, the World-Soul. Pre-eminence in this period belongs to Plutarch. The eclectic nature of Platonism during this time is shown by its incorporation into Pythagoreanism (Numenius of Apamea) and into Jewish philosophy (Philo of Alexandria).

Neoplatonism
In the third century, Plotinus recast Plato's system, establishing Neoplatonism, in which Middle Platonism was fused with mysticism. At the summit of existence stands the One or the Good, as the source of all things. It generates from itself, as if from the reflection of its own being, reason, the nous, wherein is contained the infinite store of ideas. The world-soul, the copy of the nous, is generated by and contained in it, as the nous is in the One, and, by informing matter in itself nonexistent, constitutes bodies whose existence is contained in the world-soul. Nature therefore is a whole, endowed with life and soul. Soul, being chained to matter, longs to escape from the bondage of the body and return to its original source. In virtue and philosophical thought it has the power to elevate itself above the reason into a state of ecstasy, where it can behold, or ascend to, that one good primary Being whom reason cannot know. To attain this union with the Good, or the One is the true function of human beings.

Plotinus' disciple, Porphyry, followed by Iamblichus, developed the system in conscious opposition to Christianity. The Platonic Academy was re-established during this period; its most renowned head was Proclus (died 485), a celebrated commentator on Plato's writings. The academy persisted until Roman emperor Justinian closed it in 529.

Christianity and Platonism
Platonism has had some influence on Christianity through Clement of Alexandria and Origen, and the Cappadocian Fathers. St. Augustine was heavily influenced by Platonism as well, which he encountered through the Latin translations of Marius Victorinus of the works of Porphyry and/or Plotinus.

Platonism was considered authoritative in the Middle Ages. Platonism also influenced both Eastern and Western mysticism. Meanwhile, Platonism influenced various philosophers. While Aristotle became more influential than Plato in the 13th century, St. Thomas Aquinas's philosophy was still in certain respects fundamentally Platonic.

Renaissance
The Renaissance also saw a renewed interest in Platonic thought, including more interest in Plato himself. In 16th-, 17th-, and 19th-century England, Plato's ideas influenced many religious thinkers including the Cambridge Platonists. Orthodox Protestantism in continental Europe, however, distrusts natural reason and has often been critical of Platonism. An issue in the reception of Plato in early modern Europe was how to deal with the same-sex elements of his corpus.

Christoplatonism is a term used to refer to a dualism opined by Plato, which holds spirit is good but matter is evil, which influenced some Christian churches, though the Bible's teaching directly contradicts this philosophy and thus it receives constant criticism from many teachers in the Christian Church today. According to the Methodist Church, Christoplatonism directly "contradicts the Biblical record of God calling everything He created good."

Modern Platonism
Apart from historical Platonism originating from thinkers such as Plato and Plotinus, we also encounter the theory of abstract objects in the modern sense.

"Platonism is the view that there exist such things as abstract objects — where an abstract object is an object that does not exist in space or time and which is therefore entirely non-physical and non-mental. Platonism in this sense is a contemporary view." This modern Platonism has been endorsed in one way or another at one time or another by numerous philosophers, such as Bernard Bolzano, who argue for anti-psychologism. Plato's works have been decisively influential for 20th century philosophers such as Alfred North Whitehead and his Process Philosophy; and for the critical realism and metaphysics of Nicolai Hartmann.

Analytic
In contemporary philosophy, most Platonists trace their ideas to Gottlob Frege's influential paper "Thought", which argues for Platonism with respect to propositions, and his influential book, The Foundations of Arithmetic, which argues for Platonism with respect to numbers and is a seminal text of the logicist project. Contemporary analytic philosophers who espoused Platonism in metaphysics include Bertrand Russell, Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, W. V. O. Quine, David Kaplan, Saul Kripke, Edward Zalta and Peter van Inwagen. Iris Murdoch espoused Platonism in moral philosophy in her 1970 book The Sovereignty of Good.

Paul Benacerraf's epistemological challenge to contemporary Platonism has proved its most influential criticism.

Continental
In contemporary Continental philosophy, Edmund Husserl's arguments against psychologism are believed to derive from a Platonist conception of logic, influenced by Frege and his mentor Bolzano. —Husserl explicitly mentioned Bolzano, G. W. Leibniz and Hermann Lotze as inspirations for his position in his Logical Investigations (1900–1). Other prominent contemporary Continental philosophers interested in Platonism in a general sense include Leo Strauss, Simone Weil, and Alain Badiou.

Influence on religions
Platonism not only influenced Christianity and Islam, but also gnostic former major world religion Manichaeism and gnostic Mandaeism.

People

 * Harold F. Cherniss, scholar of Plato's relation to Aristotle

title: Platonism


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TampaBayStart.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 04:31, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

TampaBayStart.com
Delete, advertisement. FreplySpang (talk) 20:09, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete spam. Dunc|☺ 20:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep Relevant. Sorry, the first write did look like an ad.  I should have used the sandbox for initial edits.  However, I would claim it is relevant due to a couple of factors.  First, the site has recieved media attention from the St. Petersburg Times.  Second, TampaBayStart.com has more visitors than many of the local television and radio station websites, such as WTVT and WFTS, and is closely competitive with Bay News 9 and WTSP, all of whom are listed.  Finally, 330,000 people visited the site in the 12 months ending June 2005.  Source for validation of traffic is Alexa and server logs.  User:Awyllie (author)
 * Are you the Adrian Wyllie mentioned in the article too? I notice creating the article was your first edit under this username, and that your only other edits to date have been to this discussion.  I warn you that this is unlikely to win you any favours in this discussion, though I currently abstain from voting. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 21:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes. I am one in the same.  That's why I used the "(author)" tag next to my name.  I apologize for any confusion.  I'm not trying to be deceptive, I'm just a newbie at this.  However, I love the Wikipedia concept, and I'm using this as a trial run.  User:Awyllie
 * Welcome! Unfortunately, I don't feel your website is of enyclopedic significance, so I'm voting delete.  Your site's Alexa rating is 121,200, and as you can see from one set of (non-binding) guidelines, "having an Alexa ranking of 10,000 or less" or "having been the subject of press attention in a non-local scope" are more the type of thing we are looking for in a website submission.  Local TV/radio station websites are virtually never significant (the stations themselves are, not the websites), so outdoing them doesn't say much IMO.  Among many other things you can do here, you might enjoy putting your knowledge of the Tampa Bay area to work by editing articles in the Tampa Bay category!  Dcarrano 22:34, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a web guide. Sorry. CDC   (talk)  23:07, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, but stop biting the newbies. royblumy 00:15, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete insufficiently notable given Alexa and media impact. But appreciate the author's honest attempt, and the honest rewrite, and not getting immediately inflamed when coming to VfD as so manyh first-time VfD'd authors do. -Splash 02:13, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable website advertising. JamesBurns 05:15, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * From Article Author - After reading user feedback, I realize that my article on TampaBayStart.comis borderline at best according to the editorial guidelines. I guess I'll just have to keep improving the site until it meets the criteria.  Thanks to all for sending info on how to use/contribute to Wikipedia. -awyllie
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.