text:
War Wind

War Wind is a science fantasy real-time strategy game developed by DreamForge Intertainment and published by Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI). It was released in 1996 for Microsoft Windows and used DirectX 2.0. The game features four unique playable alien races on the fictional planet of Yavaun, each with their own histories, ideologies, and story campaigns consisting of seven scenarios each and an ending unique to that race. The story explores themes of authoritarianism, slavery, revolution, and mysticism. The game also features a map and scenario editor, as well as netplay with up to seven additional players.

Some sites list the release date of War Wind as August 24, 1996, while others say September 23 and September 30, 1996. The most recent file on a War Wind CD bought in the United States in January 1997 was October 10, 1996 (as is the date stated in its version 1.0 README.TXT), but this could have been an updated CD release. A sequel, War Wind II: Human Onslaught, was released by DreamForge and SSI in 1997. Both games were digitally rereleased on GOG.com in 2016. War Wind went permanently free on GOG.com on June 3, 2020. War Wind was released as a free game on Steam on September 16, 2021.

Story
War Wind takes place on the world of Yavaun, where four races have ambivalently coexisted for millennia. The Tha' Roon—purple Nāga-like oppressors, overlords, and despots of the planet—have dominated the other races of Yavaun and erected a ruling domain known as the Empire; in particular, the Tha' Roon have enslaved the gentle and flora-like Eaggra, forcing the Eaggra to act as their builders and engineers under coercion by the Tha' Roon's acting military force, the elephantine Obblinox. The Tha' Roon accomplished their subjugation of the Obblinox through force of technological supremacy (a knowledge in which they partially shared with the Obblinox in the form of cybernetic replacements for amputations) and the exploitation of the Obblinox's strong intrinsic belief system of loyalty and a strict societal hierarchy. Lastly are the race of the reclusive and traditionalist Shama' Li, monk-like practitioners of spiritual and ancient magic, who desire to unify the four races into a single deific species that physically represents a combination of them all—NagaRom.

Plot
Yavaun has been under the oppressive control of the Empire—a merciless regime founded and led by the Tha' Roon—for a millennium, known by all as the Thousand Years. The Tha' Roon were once feared for their cruel and ruthless combat prowess, which they used to establish the very creation of the Empire; however, over the centuries, they have relied almost exclusively on the Obblinox as their force of arms. The Eaggra, their enslavement by will of the Tha' Roon and enforced by the muscle of the Obblinox, were obliged to construct and forge the original foundation of the Empire from the ground up, and have since been forced to maintain and expand it further throughout Yavaun. This reliance on the Obblinox for military power and the Eaggra for virtually all labor has progressively deteriorated the Tha' Roon's once unequaled self-sufficiency.

This oppression and slavery faced by the Eaggra over the age of the Thousand Years ignited the idea of revolution inside their hearts, and with the encouragement and inspiration from two Eaggra known as Colonel Khorn and Tywald Chainbreaker, they finally struck the first, powerful blow against the Obblinox. This started what was known as the First War of Yavaun. An Eaggra labor camp, of which its slaves formed a clan known as Faction E19, turned their picks against its stationed overseers and constructed their own base in the wake of its overtaking. From there, Faction E19 expanded and branched out to liberate other labor camps and spread word of their cause throughout Yavaun. The initial successes of their insurgency further inspired and reignited hope in other Eaggra.

Once word of the violent uprising of Eaggra slaves reached the Tha' Roon, the Tha' Roon immediately ordered a violent suppression of all rebellion, sending an onslaught of Obblinox forces to slay every last revolting Eaggra. The Obblinox, priding themselves as an honorable and noble race, found an utter absence of honor in the merciless culling of Eaggra innocents, of whom put up little challenge. With this feeling of dishonor came the Obblinox's first doubts after a millennium of the legitimacy of Tha' Roon rule and the Empire. With the continuation of rebel suppression, some Obblinox began to separate themselves from the Empire and align themselves with the Eaggra cause.

Tha' Roon viewed any and all mutiny, regardless of reason, as inexcusable and punishable only by death—even renegades who wished to realign with the Empire. This led to Tha' Roon commanding Obblinox to kill rebel Eaggra and Obblinox alike, which only further radicalized Obblinox to rebellion. Tha' Roon believed the ideation of revolution to have been planted by the Shama' Li, and so they sought to eliminate the Shama' Li entirely.

Gameplay
The basic gameplay is very similar to other real-time strategy games, such as the Warcraft series. Each game begins with a clan leader, and typically some workers and a token defense force. The player must use either their workers to build structures and mine for resources, destroy opposing factions, or escort key units to a different location. Some unique features differentiate the game from others in the genre; for example, in order to get any combat unit other than mercenaries (who are quick mounted units hired from an inn), a worker must be trained at a particular type of building. In order to receive a higher-level combat unit, a lower-level unit must be promoted at a specific facility. Additionally, individual units can be physically augmented with cybernetic or natural enhancements to speed, strength, resilience, stealth, and vision. The purpose for these bionic upgrades is to encourage more strategic conflicts, wherein a player must use a small number of powerful units, instead of building a larger, more simplistic force and rushing the opponent.

Stealth
A unique aspect of War Wind is its stealth mechanics. Many units possess the ability to conceal themselves from the opponent in different ways, both inherently and through stealth bio-upgrades. "Masked" units do not appear on an opponent's minimap. "Disguised" units appear as friendly units to an opponent but appear as normal on their minimap. "Hidden" units do not appear on the minimap at all and look translucent on the main map. "Invisible" units appear on neither an opponent's minimap nor their main map. Stealth is progressive in nature, meaning that upgrading a masked unit's stealth would make it a disguised unit and upgrading a hidden unit's stealth would make it an invisible unit. Scouts can easily achieve the highest forms of stealth for a race, with scouts being inherently disguised and able to become hidden, and advanced scouts being inherently hidden and able to become invisible.

A unit's stealth is always broken when it attacks or is attacked but will be restored when out of combat for a period of time. Additionally, clan leaders and non-leader units with vision bio-upgrades can see through stealth. Certain spells can also temporarily grant stealth to your units or remove stealth from your opponents' units.

Fog of war
As with most real-time strategy games, War Wind features a fog of war mechanic. The player can only see within a certain range of their units. Fog of war will conceal any unit completely and mask any structures built, unless that structure has been previously discovered by your units, in which case it will remain visible but darkened by the fog of war. The fog of war does not conceal natural land formations, even those that have not been seen yet. Trees also prevent units from seeing into or through them; however, once a unit enters a tree, it can see just as far as it would normally be able to. Certain spells can also reveal portions of the map as if the player had actually discovered them by foot.

Spells
Each race has exclusive spells that its mage units can research, learn, and cast with a slowly regenerative pool of mana. Worker units can train to be mages, and mages can train to become advanced mages. Both mage types have the ability to research and learn new spells, although only advanced mages have access to researching and learning higher-level spells. Tha' Roon spells manifest as a form of psionic mental magic that is used to both mentally cripple their opponents and even control them entirely and indefinitely. Obblinox spells, considered to be one of the rarest and most elusive manifestations of magical power, revolve around the destruction of organic life and artificial structures. Eaggra spells embody the forces of nature and restoration, and are used to influence both the earth of Yavaun and its fauna to Eaggra will. Lastly, Shama' Li spells center around the concepts of omniscience, rejuvenation, and evocation, allowing them to dispel illusions, heal injuries of themselves and others, and conjure indigenous wildlife.

Game modes
War Wind is strongly focused on single-player gameplay, although netplay was also supported. The player can choose one of four campaigns (one for each race). Each campaign has seven scenarios and advances the story in a different way through cinematic cutscenes and in-game expositional dialog. Each race has a notably different goal.

Each race also has different units and structures, race-exclusive spells, and strength–weakness tradeoffs. While this became standard for the genre after StarCraft in 1998, in 1996, this was something of an innovation. Earlier games, such as Dune II, featured different sides with different attributes, but not to the extent found in War Wind.

Another innovation for the time was the ability to carry over certain units from mission to mission through a feature called the Hall of Heroes. This ability allows players to bring some of their strongest, most upgraded, and most important units to future scenarios, excluding heroes. This challenges the real-time strategy convention that units can be easily replaced if lost, since upgrading units can be both time-, influence-, and resource-intensive.

Building and training hierarchies
To be successful in the various scenarios of War Wind, a player must both construct, maintain, and defend a variety of structures, and hire, train, and promote units for both combat and advanced construction. Access to more advanced units and structures requires research, resources, influence, and race-specific dependencies.

Units
Each race has several rankings of units. Each of these rankings have unique titles based on the unit's race. Additionally, each race has several hero units that can appear in the wild during scenario-specific missions or randomly at an inn after meeting specific conditions. Hero units are special in that they can possess stronger stats than other units and even affect gameplay in a unique way, such as affecting the player's race's influence or allowing unique interactions, such as using player's race's battle cry outside of clan leader.

Clan leaders are the head of group, upon which the players lose the game immediately if they die; workers are used to gather resources and build structures, vehicles, and other machinery; mercenaries are mounted infantry units who can generally traverse Yavaun very quickly; warriors are battle-hardened units that generally deal more damage than any other unit; scouts have the main benefit of stealth and powerful long-ranged combat; mages, though generally weak, have the ability to cast powerful and game-altering spells; and war machines are incredibly resilient and mighty units that have been biomechanically augmented to the point of militant excellency.

Structures
In addition to unique units, each race also has several types of structures they are able to build for resources. Like the unit rankings, these structures have generic names that are applicable to all structures, but each structure has a unique name based on that unit's race. Units can also build other minor structures and machinery, such as walls, roads, land mines, and attack drones.

Courthouses are used to store resources gathered by workers; inns are large buildings that house randomly appearing workers, mercenaries, and heroes who can typically be hired in exchange for resources; homes are used to increase the amount of maximum units you are able to have; technical facilities are generally used to research bio-upgrades, vehicles, advanced structures, and complex machinery; war colleges are generally used to train warriors and scouts; and arcaneries are generally used to train mages and research spells.

Monsters
War Wind has unique monsters (sometimes referred to as "critters") that have no affiliation with any of the four selectable races. Generally, monsters will only attack when they are attacked first or are "touched" by an adjacent unit controlled by the computer or player.

 * Bonca: Perhaps the most common monster in the game, bonca are rhino-like, bright-peach colored, plump, six-legged monsters with a stubby horn. They only attack when hurt or when nearby fledglings are attacked. Shama' Li mercenaries have tamed bonca and use them as infantry mounts.
 * Bonca Fledgling: Bonca Fledglings are mischievous creatures that may deliberately attack structures. They have low hit points, but if they are hit, they start squealing and attract adult bonca in the vicinity to protect them. Upon their call, nearby bonca will charge at the offending armies. Once fledglings stop crying, bonca will lose interest and run off.
 * The Countenance: More of a natural disaster than an actual living creature, the Countenance is an enormous mummy-like face that randomly forms and rises from the planet, causing obstruction, or worse, destruction to anything that happened to be standing on or near it during formation. Effectively indestructible, although purportedly, there are ways of getting rid of it.
 * Dinge Vermin: These creatures are inherently hidden and resemble large rats. Vermin occasionally come to a race's main structure in packs to steal resources and flee with the loot.
 * Foul Fess: A tentacled, shapeless monstrosity created by pollution. Highly dangerous, as they are able to siphon the lifeforce of units that they kill. They only appear in highly industrialized areas.
 * Ionic Brakus: A small bipedal creature that is able to disable mechanical vehicles and buildings with its ion pulse. More of a hindrance than anything, they have a very durable carapace and are therefore tough to kill.
 * Mondra'Harth: A colossal dragon-like creature with six limbs, and many horns and tusks crowning its head. They only make their lairs around sites of great spiritual importance, such as those revered by the Shama' Li. This creature is completely immune to magical spells.
 * Rubble Fiend: Disguised as a yellow rock, the Fiend stays stationary until a unit adjacently passes it. In a few seconds it will transform into a hulk of limping, animated rubble. Rubble Fiends are slow but strong and persistent.
 * Gas Clouds: Giant clouds that wander seemingly aimlessly across the land, speculated by different races to be either a byproduct of destructive Tha' Roon experimentation and bioengineering, vengeful spirits wanting to enact retribution against those who have wronged them, or extensions of a larger, more powerful, invisible being that is feasting on the earth of Yavaun.
 * Ruin Smoke: An acidic, reddish-brown smog that causes destruction exclusively to structures, like vehicles, buildings, and walls.
 * Retch Cloud: A poisonous, noxious, sickly green gas that deteriorates living and organic tissue that it passes through.
 * Slinck Weed: Slinck weeds are slow, dark-green, headless lizard-like monsters. Slinck Weeds use their three tongues and tail to attack and can inflict serious damage, especially to unsuspecting workers gathering resources by themselves, since slinck weeds are easily disguised as normal trees and attack in small groups when simply approached. Some Eaggra units, known as weeds, have tamed these hostile beasts and use them as slow-moving mounts.
 * Snipethorn: Snipethorns are small, white anteater-like creatures with long-range firing capabilities. Snipethorns are very commonly in packs and tend to attack completely unprovoked, shooting quills from their long snouts. Alone, snipethorns pose little threat, but when under attack, all snipethorns in the immediate vicinity will come to each other's aid and can prove devastating to an unprepared group.

Reception
The game was a finalist for Computer Gaming World's and CNET Gamecenter's 1996 "Strategy Game of the Year" awards, both of which ultimately went to Civilization II. Gamecenter's editors called it the deepest real-time game at that time.

title: War Wind


text: User talk:68.53.47.80

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.53.47.80


text:
Bagabag

The name Bagabag may refer to:
 * Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya, a 3rd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
 * Bagabag (Papua New Guinea), an island in the Madang-Province of Papua New Guinea

title: Bagabag


text:
Talk:Don't Tell Me (Madonna song)

Cleanup
Well I think there is nothing to clean up! It needs more information!

 * 1) Please sign your comments on talk pages.
 * 2) If you don't know why the cleanup template has been added, don't remove it. You could ask the person who added, or even assume that they know what they're doing.  In this case, the main problem is that the article is written in a sort of fanzine/music journalism style rather than Wikipedia style; it should read like a neutral, factual encyclopædia article.  There are also more straightforward problems with grammar, capitalisation, etc.
 * 3) When I get a chance, if someone else hasn't done it first, I'll do the work; please leave the template there until then. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:17, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you give an example of fanzine style? Also, what's wrong with music journalism style? Unless you mean formatting conventions. Hyacinth 04:31, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

While it is polite to ask on the talk page before removing a cleanup tag, it is the responsibility of the person who adds the cleanup tag to make it clear why on the talk page per Template:Cleanup. Hyacinth (talk) 01:59, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Dave Aude Mixes
I thought they were rejected. Should that be added? The remixes don't appear to be on any commercially-released "part". 70.225.67.229 21:42, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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I have just modified 6 one external links on Don't Tell Me (Madonna song). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101010185423/http://www.mtv.co.uk/music/charts/official-uk-countdowns/madonna-official-top-40 to http://www.mtv.co.uk/music/charts/official-uk-countdowns/madonna-official-top-40
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Italian chart peak
If anyone wonders, "Don't Tell Me" did peak at #1 in Italy although Hung Meiden shows a peak of #2. In fact, the Hung Medien archives miss the entire chart positions during 30/11/2000, 07/12/2000 and 14/12/2000, in which "Don't Tell Me" hit the top position. So, its debut position at number two on 23/11/2000 is automatically considered its peak position on the website. Billboard's Hits of the World confirmed the number-one position as reported by the FIMI. Bluesatellite (talk) 05:24, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes, Hung Medien archives for Italy is still missing some weeks I saw, Blue I updated your comment above with correct link. — IB [ Poke ] 05:32, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don't Tell Me (Madonna song)


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Regions of Iceland

The regions of Iceland are eight areas of Iceland that roughly follow the arrangement of parliamentary constituencies as they were between 1959 and 2003. These regions are not incorporated polities but rather recognized groupings of municipalities. Iceland only has two levels of administration, the national government and 64 municipalities. The municipalities have organized themselves into eight regional associations and those boundaries are also recognized by Statistics Iceland to report statistics. Since 2014, police and commissioner (sýslumaður) districts have followed the eight region model with the exception that Vestmannaeyjar form a special district and are not part of the South region. The divisions of Iceland for the purposes of health care and district courts diverge more from the commonly used eight region model.

The postal code system also roughly corresponds with the regions with the first digit of the three digit codes usually being the same as on the map below.

Differences from the 1959-2003 constituencies
Until 1957, the parliamentary constituencies used in Iceland had been based on its counties and market towns. The reform of constituency borders in 1957 would group these counties and towns together into eight larger areas that form the basis for the modern regional division of Iceland. The differences between the 1957 boundaries and the modern ones are:
 * The southwestern part of the country was previously divided into Reykjavík on one hand and Reykjanes on the other which encompassed all other municipalities in the vicinity of Reykjavík and on the Reykjanes peninsula. The same area is currently divided into the Capital region on one hand and the Southern Peninsula on the other
 * The municipality of Hornafjörður decided in 2008 to leave the association for municipalities in the Eastern region and join the Southern region. Statistics Iceland updated its definition of the statistical regions to reflect this on 1 December 2020.
 * The area of the former town of Siglufjörður was transferred from the Northwestern region to the Northeastern region when the town merged across the regional boundary with Ólafsfjörður to form Fjallabyggð in 2006.
 * The area of the former municipality of Skeggjastaðahreppur was transferred from the Eastern region to the Northeastern region when the municipality merged across the regional boundary with Þórshafnarhreppur to form Langanesbyggð in 2006.
 * The area of the former municipality of Bæjarhreppur was transferred from the Westfjords region to the Northwestern region when the municipality merged across the regional boundary with Húnaþing vestra under the name of the latter in 2012.

title: Regions of Iceland


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Al Leong

Albert Leong (born September 30, 1952), also known as Al "Ka Bong" Leong, is an American stuntman and actor. Characterised by his martial arts skills (including Northern Shaolin Kung Fu, Tae Kwon Do, Kali, and Jujutsu), long wavy hair, and a prominent Fu Manchu moustache, he has had a number of small but memorable roles as a henchman in many popular action films, including Lethal Weapon and Die Hard. He is also notable for his role as Genghis Khan in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure.

He collaborated with director John Carpenter in Big Trouble in Little China and They Live. Such appearances have garnered him a cult following.

Early life
Leong was born in St. Louis, Missouri. The youngest of three children born to Chinese American parents, he grew up behind the Chinese laundry that they owned. In 1962, when he was ten years old, they moved to Los Angeles. Leong attended Hollywood High School.

Leong had brain cancer in 1993 and suffered a stroke in 2005.

Career
His credits include Lethal Weapon, Die Hard, Joshua Tree, Big Trouble in Little China, The Scorpion King, and They Live. and a recurring role on the first season of the TV series 24. He also portrayed an out-of-time Genghis Khan in the comedy Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. In 2003, Leong lampooned himself as well as the Hollywood tradition of actor and director 'reels' by starring in screenwriter David Callaham's "Writer's Reel." In the five-minute short film, Leong portrayed Callaham going through a typical day in the life of a writer. The 'reel' was accepted into a number of short film festivals.

As a stuntman, Leong was involved with the production of numerous films including The Golden Child, Last Action Hero, Roland Emmerich's Godzilla, Tim Burton's Planet of the Apes, and Daredevil. He also has made appearances on several television shows such as Knight Rider, Magnum, P.I., The Twilight Zone, T. J. Hooker, MacGyver, That '70s Show, and HBO's Deadwood. He wrote and directed the low-budget film Daddy Tell Me a Story....

Music videos

 * 2003 Poppin' Them Thangs by G-Unit

title: Al Leong


text:
User:I'm me 101

Hi

title: User:I'm me 101


text:
File:Far side of the World cover.jpg

Cover of the novel The Far Side of the World source=http://pictures.abebooks.com/AFFORDABLEFIRSTS/4377179823.jpg

Fair use rationale
It is believed in good faith that the use of a low-resolution image of this book cover, to identify the book in question, in the article about that book (The Far Side of the World) and the Aubrey-Maturin series, constitutes fair use on the English Wikipedia. It is being provided for educational use only, at a resolution too low to allow accurate reproduction of the book cover, and is believed not to diminish the value of the copyright in the material.Dabbler 14:52, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

title: File:Far side of the World cover.jpg


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East Korea Warm Current

The East Korea Warm Current (EKWC; ; ), is an ocean current in the Sea of Japan (East Sea). It branches off from the Tsushima Current at the eastern end of the Korea Strait, and flows north along the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. Between 36° and 38° N, it encounters the North Korea Cold Current and veers southeast into the open sea. The boundary between the two currents fluctuates throughout the year, creating large eddies. As it flows northeastward, the East Korea current eventually rejoins the Tsushima Current. It's very hot and rainy in the summer.

title: East Korea Warm Current


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eamonn Gunning

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 23:21, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Eamonn Gunning
Vanity --TheParanoidOne 16:54, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable. --NoPetrol 17:22, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Friday 17:23, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Six whole Google hits. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 17:24, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no claim to notability asserted. Dcarrano 19:02, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 01:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 09:03, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep it I dont believe in deleting an entry just because the person is non-notable. I think it would be cool to have information about non notable people so you could see where people you knew at high school are now, and that sort of thing. (Unsigned vote by )
 * Delete Ditto as above, but Sexyeamo has a good idea for a possible new wiki project. Karmafist 13:59, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, there's already a million of those reunion sites, like classmates.com... --Etacar11 14:01, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Dupax

Dupax, officially the Municipality of Dupax, was a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Founded during the Spanish era, it was divided into Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur in 1971.

Etymology
The name Dupax came from the Isinay word dopaj which means 'to lie down in complete relaxation and rest', the thing the natives wanted to do, upon repairing their camp and eating their catch, after hunting in the forest and before going homes.

Prior to the establishment of Dupax, the site of what would be its town proper served as a camp for hunters from surrounding tribal settlements.

The area, either a plain or a valley, was located near their hunting grounds, and became their settlement as the town of Dopaj. After the Spanish arrived, the name was spelled as Dupax due to the Spanish orthography of the time.

History
The town of Dupax was first discovered by Luis Pérez Dasmariñas in 1591. In 1609, a mission was established by the Dominicans, but was later abandoned due to territorial disputes with the Franciscans.

In 1717, Fr. Alejandro Cacho arrived in Dupax and established Christian communities. In 1726, Spanish Augustinian missionaries arrived in the locality. On April 22, 1731, Dupax was formally founded by Fr. Nicolas Norbantes and Fr. Agustin San Juan.

In the early 18th century, Dupax was inhabited by four tribal groups. The Caraos from Benguet lived with the Isinays, the town's first inhabitants, in the present territory. The other two were the Mala-ats and the Bugkalots. The Mala-ats were subsequently forced to migrate to the hinterlands as ethnic groups from other provinces, especially the Ilocanos, Igorots, lfugaos, arrived before and after the turn of the century.

The original town of Dupax was the largest municipality of Nueva Vizcaya in terms of land area. The first head of the town, was Mandalito, an Ilongot. Eventually three prominent mem representing the three tribal districts were appointed, namely: Dayag, who headed the Mala-ats; Tiun Pising, who headed the Igorots, and Bartolo, who headed the Ilongots.

As early as 1928, during the term of mayor Inocencio Suson, attempts were made to transfer the seat to Barrio Malasin. However, the plan was eventually realized with a law authored by Representative Leonardo B. Perez. By virtue of Republic Act (RA) No. 1181 approved on June 20, 1954, the seat of government was transferred from old poblacion to Malasin.

Disestablishment
In the 1970s, Dupax was divided into three separate municipalities. RA No. 6372, sponsored by Representative Benjamin Perez and Senator Leonardo Perez, was approved on August 16, 1971, dividing Dupax into two new municipalities: Dupax del Norte and Dupax del Sur, which would consist the old poblacion of Dupax, designated as the seat of government, nine barrios and fifteen sitios. The creation of this municipality was ratified in a plebiscite held on November 8, 1971; the division was implemented through Presidential Decree No. 586 promulgated by President Ferdinand Marcos on November 20, 1974.

title: Dupax


text:
Talk:No Highway in the Sky

Untitled
I really liked this film it was classic Stewart, hanging in when no one else believes his theories. His vindication in the end is only important to him because of the lives saved.

Relationship to DeHavlland Comet Disasters
The Comet was the first commercial jetliner, but had a design and structural flaw which resulted in the inflight breakup and loss of 2-3 planes before the source of the failure was understood. By then, the reputation of the Comet was trashed and the market for the 707 was wide-open.

Would be interesting to know if the Comet was the inspiration for this movie.88.84.16.188 (talk) 01:04, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The Comet entered service after the film was made so probably not. In addition, in the film the "Rutland Rheindeer" is a fictional turboprop airliner more like an enlarged Vickers Viscount rather than a pure jet like the Comet.

 * The book/film was unusually prescient though in predicting the effect of metal fatigue in passenger aircraft. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.4.57.101 (talk) 19:53, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

The name
This is a British film released in Britain as No Highway; the IMDB even lists it under that name. Should it in fact be moved to e.g. No Highway (Film)? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 21:11, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
 * It appears to be the original name, cant see any reason why the article should use the US-release title. MilborneOne (talk) 21:37, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
 * This is a bit of a conundrum as the Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. was the production company, operating through a subsidiary in Great Britain (Twentieth Century-Fox Productions [GB]), and the film is now universally recognized by its US title. The title, No Highway although it does not appear in the registry of the British Film Collection 1896–1984 by Patricia Warren (1984), it is found in Film Index International run by the British Film Institute, and the film is titled there as No Highway, and the countries are Great Britain and USA. FWiW, many films from a US production company, using foreign filming locations, released versions for other markets, see Operation Crossbow for another example of a film made in Britain, that was a product of a US production company with a British subsidiary, and also had multiple names for different markets, finally settling on the US name, but still retaining its British origin. Bzuk (talk) 21:42, 25 September 2011 (UTC).
 * The fun about IMDb is that it is a fan-based site that does not have independent or peer reviews. See the very page that the film appears and you will note the film poster clearly says: No Highway in the Sky. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 21:48, 25 September 2011 (UTC).
 * And for the lamest measure, Google shows No Highway in the Sky about a third more hits than No Highway. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 21:52, 25 September 2011 (UTC).

Shortly after posting the above - and I want to stress that I don't give a shit what the article's called - someone claiming to be "Bzuk" above sent me the following charming email, which went on and on and on:

 * "Hi Ashley,

 * The reason for not using the conventional practice of directing developmental issues to the talk page of an article, in this case the Wikipedia article, No Highway in the Sky/No Highway is that I have had a long and storied (I almost said sordid) history with a particular editor, cum-wiki-stalker (well, maybe not really stalking, just a perverse habit of showing up whenever I edit in one of the articles he has an interest ...) who has shown up on the talk page and had independently reverted the entire article to reflect it was a US production. He has a penchant for claiming articles in which he has edited as his own, especially if there is any connection with one of his passions, postal history of the US. His arguments are lengthy, full of wikilawyering, basically pedantic and smack of fancruft. I have chosen to take the argument to his talk page because the issue is mainly a self-created one that really only involves Bruce and myself. Bruce is Bruce Cooper, an author and fan of many things that could be classified as Americana, but mainly focused on hockey, sports, stamps and of course, John Wayne.

 * I first encountered Bruce in the development of the Charles Lindbergh article which he literally peppered with items from the Copper Collection of American History, as he calls it. He did the same in the Graf Zeppelin and Hindenburg articles, another passion of his as he has actually collected fragments of the great airships. Both were also connected to stamps and first flight covers.

 * Other editors have had similar dealings with Bruce but I choose to regard him as at least many cuts above the standard pimple-faced vandal (present company excluded if I have hit a nerve) but nonetheless, a cantankerous and tendentious editor. The Curtiss JN-4 article was just another article I edited until I realized that it, of course, represented the aircraft in the famous "Inverted Jenny" stamp, reputedly the most expensive stamp series in the world of philately. Bruce then proceeded to rewrite everything into his particular brand of writing style, format and dogma (how dare he, it should be in my style!!! Oops, did I say that, I thought I was only thinking it...) That's where Amelia Earhart comes in. I noted that a recent edit had the duck's walk, squawk of a spammer. Within moments, Bruce joined the chorus..., reverting all of my edits as a matter of course, and now onto the No Highway conundrum.

 * Bruce believe firmly that all article should be written in his style, which includes date conventions, where we first had a conflict as he changed all the US-produced aircraft articles to a US popular style of dating, M/D/Y rather than the D/M/Y style that had been adopted at the time in aviation topics to reflect a more international impact of the aircraft. Through persistence and continual arguments, which on the surface, have merit, but fall into the wikilawyering that some editors employ merely to get their way, had those changes made and approved by a consensus of the WP:Aviation Group, although Bruce is far from being an expert in aviation.

 * Please take a look at the No Highway in the Sky article again ..."

I find this kind of off-site canvassing leaves a bad taste in my throat, and if anybody has a problem they should bash it out here, on Wikipedia. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 07:24, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Hello Ashley. User:Bzuk is a long story who basically does not like to have his particular views on anything (especially regarding formatting and a variety of other issues which he has self admitted to being "petty") ever challenged or questioned in any way. I am used to discovering his canvassing in other WP forums made without his advising me (although this is the first time I have been made aware of his also doing so "off site" as well), but not to worry as I can take care of myself. (I don't know where he came up with the impression that I am a John Wayne fan, however, as I am not.) With that out of the way, you certainly have a really super photography blog which I found linked on your user page. I have bookmarked it and will now follow regularly. I do both SLR digital photography -- mostly of railroads -- as well as digital image restoration of all kinds. (See my user page for links to my many other photography and history web sites.) Thanks for your support. Centpacrr (talk) 08:51, 4 October 2011 (UTC)

Which is it?
I must admit that I am now more puzzled than usual by the standards being applied to this film. After editor BZUK made a convincing case above that this film is "universally recognized by its US title" with it having been financed, produced, and distributed by a US movie studio (20th Century Fox) under a US producer (Louis D. Lighton), a US based (although a German born exile) director (Henry Koster), and with a iconic US actor as the lead player (Jimmy Stewart), as soon as I accepted this determination as it clearly being a US title and corrected the article to reflect that status the very same editor immediately claimed that it is now a British film presumably because it was filmed in Great Britain. If that is the standard to determine the "nationality" of a film, then presumably "The Train" would have to be reclassified as a "French film", the "Paths of Glory" as a "German film", "Saving Private Ryan" as a an "Irish film" ,and "Apocalypse Now" as a "Philippine film" as those are the countries in which each of these films were made.

Really you can't have it both ways so please tell me what standard you intend to apply? Centpacrr (talk) 03:20, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Read further expanded statements above. It's a British film produced by Twentieth Century-Fox Productions [GB] which now is more often known by its US title, see: WP:Common name. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 03:28, 26 September 2011 (UTC).
 * BTW, The Train is indeed, a US/French/Italian film. FWiW, Twentieth Century-Fox Productions [GB] has a long and storied history of 47 productions dating back to 1937, which include primarily British productions but also include co-productions such as Alien. Bzuk (talk) 03:34, 26 September 2011 (UTC).

 * The only logo and musical theme that appears at the start of the credits is that of Twentieth Century-Fox, the legend that appears above the film's title reads "Twentieth Century-Fox presents", the copyright notice reads "Copyright MCMLI by Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation", and the only seal of approval displayed in the credits is that of the US based "MPAA". Conversely the credits do not carry the words "Twentieth Century-Fox Productions [GB]" anywhere, there is no British Board of Film Censors certificate that would be required to be displayed if it were a British film produced prior to 1983, and a search of the British Board of Film Classification data base returns no results for the title "No Highway in the Sky". That being the case, even if this picture were filmed in the UK it is self identified in its credits as being exclusively a US film and not a British one. Centpacrr (talk) 05:07, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The film as No Highway is produced by Twentieth Century-Fox Productions [GB], the subsidiary of Twentieth Century-Fox. When released in the US (See: The New York Times, it used the name No Highway in the Sky and that name eventually became its common name. See: The First of the Few for another period piece, again produced by a British production company but released through MGM, which promptly changed the title to Spitfire for US distribution, a name which did not become its common name. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 13:03, 26 September 2011 (UTC).

In checking with a myriad of sources, in all cases, the country of origin for the production is given as the UK including the British Board of Film Classification: No Highway (1951), but sometimes (BFI, Turner Classic Films), the US is listed as well. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 15:53, 26 September 2011 (UTC).

title: Talk:No Highway in the Sky


text:
Talk:List of That '70s Show episodes

Should all episodes have their own articles?
Should all the episodes really have their own articles? Why not use the same format as in, for example: Futurama (TV series - season 1): meaning there would be an article for every season, with summaries of all the episodes of the season in them. --Konstantin 16:55, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, unless anyone has any complaints I will be removing all the links sometime soon. There isn't really a point in having an article for each episode. -- PS2pcGAMER 03:38, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Why don't we have an article for each episode? Stargate SG-1, Star Trek: Enterprise, and  Family Guy all have articles for every episode.  What makes That 70's Show any different?  --Mattwj2002 21:25, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't see any reason in removing what we've already got. On the flip side, I'd be more than willing to write some summaries of the episodes without articles currently.  Let's finish up the List of episodes first though. --mattst88 June 14, 2006

 * I totally agree lets first start with getting the list up to shape. We should work towards getting this list to Featured lists quality eventually. It doesn't have to be feature list quality before we work on the individual episodes though! :P  --Mattwj2002 11:42, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Would someone explain to me what "TV Broadcast" means? Also, I think it would be fairly interesting to include the date the show took place, as in May 17, 1976 for the Pilot Episode.  Obviously some don't have defined dates "Thursday 1976", but it would be interesting nonetheless. --mattst88 June 16, 2006

 * If you look at Futurama list you will notice that the column represents the order and group the series was broadcast. (Ex: S01E01, S01E02, etc) -Mattwj2002

 * By the way, here's a link to an episode guide containing airing dates and production codes. http://that70scentral.com/guide.php --mattst88 June 16, 2006

To answer mattst88, some of the episodes (actually most of them) don't give a date. I really think some important episodes should have articles... mainly, "That 70's Pilot" and "That 70's Finale: (for obvious reasons), "Hot Dog" (where Eric proposed to Donna) and other episodes that had major events, such as "Going To California", which brought Eric and Donna back together and started the relationship between Jackie and Hyde. And a couple more episodes, like the fan favorites and so on. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 17:44, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with that. Some important episodes should have articles, right? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 18:22, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Seriously. Other shows have articles for every episode, like Seinfeld or Family Guy. Can we at least make SOME articles?!?!?!? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 23:50, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Trouble accessing
I've been having trouble accessing the episode pages. What is happening is apostrophies are being replaced with question marks (ie That ?70s Pilot instead of That '70s Pilot. I suspect the wrong apostrophe character might be used (ie, ` instead of '). Q0 00:56, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Firefox vs Internet Explorer issue
I noticed with our table that color shows up in Firefox, but not in Internet Explorer. Any ideas what that is all about? --Mattwj2002 11:45, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia portals and projects
Hey guys do you think we should start a That '70s Show Portal and/or Project? I was thinking it might be a great way to get people involved in articles related to this series. Also, I wanted to point out that there is a List of Television Episodes Project. Thanks for your input guys. --Mattwj2002 10:10, 18 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it'd be a good idea. --mattst88 June 18, 2006

 * Ditto. - Zone46 03:15, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Seasons 6, 7 and 8 tables
If anyone wants to make tables for the last three seasons, I'll go ahead and fill them in with synopses, airdates and production codes. - Zone46 03:15, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I guess I can do them. - Zone46 02:16, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

I've (re)nominated this for a Featured List
I finished the tables, synopses and notes. I proof-read for typos (think I got 'em all). I'll see what feedback I get and how else I can improve the list. - Zone46 07:02, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * It's now been a week and it doesn't look like the list is going to pass. Oh, well, can't win 'em all. Thanks for everyone's advice and help during the review process, it looks better than it did when I nominated it. - Zone46 23:59, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I noticed some of the comments in the FLC. I think the plot summaries need a little more detail, but I'm not an expert on the show. If you would like the tables reformatted with the summaries on the bottom so you can expand them each as you please I could do that for you. Just let me know. Jay32183 22:49, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm re-nominating the page. The page has undergone a second major overhaul since its last FL nom and I think it is ready for another go-around. I've also archived (or attempted to) the previous nom page. – Zone46 23:40, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Missing pictures
I managed to get most pictures from that70scentral.com, but a majority of Season 8 and several other episodes/specials have none. If anyone has or can find free pics, please place them here. - Zone46 13:57, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Episode summaries
See the episode listings at the IMDB. Just don't forget not to copy them word-for-word. Cliff smith 18:14, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I thought Wikipedia was licensed to do that. (?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 16:44, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Layout changes
I think we should keep the information we currently have in the tables (and expand the episode summaries). Showing each writer for each episode (after the title, not before) would probably be a good idea, since there are a variety of them, but do we really need to cite David Trainer as director every time? Maybe that info can just be left in the heading. Also, the production numbers do not correspond with the episode numbers because many episodes, especially in Season 1, were aired out of order. – Zone46 03:21, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Single episodes
I will be redirecting these per WP:EPISODE. Information from multiple secondary sources is required for an an episode article. This includes reception and development. A single plot summary and trivia doesn't make a substantial article. Please bring these up to standards before trying to bring them back. TTN 00:32, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I suggest Wikia and tv.com as alternate venues for this information. TTN 00:39, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * This still stands just in case someone wants to make a case. TTN 17:52, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * yeah...you need to discuss before you do that move as it is not the consensus. Also, you are just posting that generic message all over every board, and not even looking at the articles....as otherwise you'd be able to tell that most if not all that 70s show episodes include more than just trivia and plot, as there are production details, music info, info that went into behind the scenes detail and more in most articles most that has come from outside sources... You really should look at a few of the articles before stating your general feelings on the topic and taking any bold actions without consensus68.72.141.190
 * The information is not enough to actually qualify. Unsourced notes and trivia are the same thing. TTN 00:04, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * well thats your opinion, but i feel they actually have outside sources if you checked. A discussion needs to be had and a consensus agreed upon before these actions can take place

Wow, that sure is taking some bold action...what'd you wait like one day? Not every editor checks these every day. Also, most of these articles are more than just plot and summary, and with most of the seasons being out on DVD soon the sources will begin to expand. So keep these articles as is 68.72.141.190 14:19, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I have waited five days and no one has responded. People who disagree with all episodes being removed do not count. You need to take it up there or at the Pump discussion like you have done. These contain nothing beyond plot summaries and simple trivia, and you cannot just claim that the DVDs will solve anything. TTN 14:29, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I dont disagree that all episode lists shouldnt be cleaned up, but this isn't one of them, especially with more DVD releases coming68.72.141.190 14:32, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Wait, what about people who want an in-depth summary of episodes? There is no reason to truncate this information into one single episode list. I'm currently reading the summaries of Season 3 so I can prepare myself for when I buy the DVD. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.151.174.208 (talk) 00:03, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Episode notability
All of the episodes of this series fail the notability guidelines for television episodes. The way for these articles to be improved is through the inclusion of real-world information from reliable sources to assert notability. That is unlikely to happen, and these only have certain bad aspects (though all may not apply) like containing overly long or one sentence plot summaries, trivia, and quotes. Per that, they need to be a small part of this list.

If there are no objections, these will be redirected soon. Otherwise, discussion will take place here. Please remember that this is not a vote. If you like the information, that's fine and dandy, but your opinion doesn't really count towards anything. The only opinions that do count are ones that that lean towards the inclusion of real world information. TTN 23:27, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Er, I don't really see why it was necessary to remove all the detailed information about all the episodes. Episode notability here is subjective to the viewer; while your average Joe might not necessarily be interested in individual episodes, fans have a high chance of this, along with people looking for information without having to break out their DVD box sets. There's no reason to downgrade the depth of Wikipedia's information here just because each episode wasn't ground-breakingly amazing. A lot of people see this site as somewhat of a compendium.

For instance, episode 310 has been truncated from a detailed summary to the line "Fez meets a girl, Caroline." That's sure descriptive and surely very indicative of the show's intricately woven and intermingling story arcs. I can totally see why it was necessary to cut out all pertinent information besides that little nugget. Actually, I have to be honest here. I can't. Heck, this doesn't even go so far as to give any details about how, why, or anything besides the fact that Fez met her. What about the nervous tension between the two? What about the events surrounding the impending relationship? This is ridiculous. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.151.174.208 (talk) 13:24, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia isn't here to tell you every little thing that happened in the show, but rather how the show was an element in the real world, and how it interacted in the real world. -- Ned Scott 04:19, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Ned Scott, that may be your opinion, but that's not right. Wikipedia is here to describe the show. Sorry, but you're just wrong. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 23:53, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Episode/song title links
Song titles aren't linked in a list of episodes. Those titles aren't linked because there are no episode articles for them. – Zone46 01:09, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Episode guide
These types of lists that list the episodes, airing dates and give summaries are called episode guides, therefore i nominate this article to be moved to that 70s show episode guide, rather then list of that 70s show episodes —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.208.14.99 (talk) 22:19, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Season 5: lost episodes or prankster?
Couldn't help but notice three episodes listed in the Season 5 section:

Getting Over it 	September 3, 2002 	501 	104

Make it End 	September 3, 2002 	502 	105

Elements of Fun 	September 10, 2002 	503 	106

I've never heard of these episodes and can find no evidence anywhere (IMDB, TV.com, official site, etc...) that can support the claim that there were any episodes produced and/or aired between That 70's KISS show and Going to California. Can someone please clear this up for me by providing the source for these additions or remove the false episodes? I'm very confused and look to Wikipedia to help me sort through episode time lines. --Ocrasaroon (talk) 19:51, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

It's half-n-half. Getting Over It WAS begun, but never finished. Make It End never aired, but I heard that it was partially or fully filmed, but later discarded. No information about Elements OF Fun. Sorry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 18:25, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * You just made that up. Getting Over It, Make It End, and Elements Of Fun were not filmed, since Going To California was the direct continuation of the fourth season finale. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 23:55, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Too neutral and annoying!
this is in syndication and ... why are you being so mysterious about it.. a la "Fez is dumped in an unusual way." or "a certain girl reveals information that could get the gang." why not just do the normal thing, and list like the regular shows Family guy, simpsons, and other?208.118.31.83 (talk) 18:53, 30 November 2009 (UTC) ummmm i just realized i didn't mean neutral... i meant ambiguous... lol sorry —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tim Tebow Rocks! (talk • contribs) 04:59, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Help
I'm thinking of creating single articles for each episode, however when I type in the episode it leads back to list of episodes. Any way of not having this problem?--Mjs1991 (talk) 09:03, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

Never mind, I found out how. I created an article for "Eric's Birthday", but I'll wait for reviews on it first before I continue on more.--Mjs1991 (talk) 10:22, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

Bolded episode titles
What do they signify? Thanks! Hachi Matt (talk) 03:08, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

"Career Day (That '70s Show Episode" listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: Talk:List of That '70s Show episodes


text:
Air-cooled engine

Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.

Introduction
Most modern internal combustion engines are cooled by a closed circuit carrying liquid coolant through channels in the engine block and cylinder head. A fluid in these channels absorbs heat and then flows to a heat exchanger or radiator where the coolant releases heat into the air (or raw water, in the case of marine engines). Thus, while they are not ultimately cooled by the liquid, as the heat is exchanged with some other fluid like air, because of the liquid-coolant circuit they are known as liquid-cooled.

In contrast, heat generated by an air-cooled engine is released directly into the air. Typically this is facilitated with metal fins covering the outside of the Cylinder Head and cylinders which increase the surface area that air can act on. Air may be force fed with the use of a fan and shroud to achieve efficient cooling with high volumes of air or simply by natural air flow with well designed and angled fins.

In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat generated, around 44%, escapes through the exhaust. Another 8% or so ends up in the oil, which itself has to be cooled in an oil cooler. This means less than half of the heat has to be removed through other systems. In an air-cooled engine, only about 12% of the heat flows out through the metal fins. Air cooled engines usually run noisier, however it provides more simplicity which gives benefits when it comes to servicing and part replacement and is usually cheaper to be maintained.

Road vehicles
Many motorcycles use air cooling for the sake of reducing weight and complexity. Few current production automobiles have air-cooled engines (such as Tatra 815), but historically it was common for many high-volume vehicles. The orientation of the engine cylinders is commonly found in either single-cylinder or coupled in groups of two, and cylinders are commonly oriented in a horizontal fashion as a Flat engine, while vertical Straight-four engine have been used. Examples of past air-cooled road vehicles, in roughly chronological order, include:
 * Franklin (1902-1934)
 * New Way (1905) - limited production run out from the "CLARKMOBILE"
 * Chevrolet Series M Copper-Cooled (1921-1923) (very few built)
 * Tatra all-wheel-drive military trucks
 * Tatra 11 (1923-1927) and subsequent models
 * Tatra T77 (1934-1938)
 * Tatra T87 (1936-1950)
 * Tatra T97 (1936-1939)
 * Tatra T600 Tatraplan (1946-1952)
 * Tatra T603 (1955-1975)
 * Tatra T613 (1974-1996)
 * Tatra T700 (1996-1999)
 * Crosley (1939-1945)
 * The East German Trabant (1957-1991)
 * Trabant 500 (1957-1962)
 * Trabant 600 (1962-1965)
 * Trabant 601 (1964-1989)
 * ZAZ Zaporozhets (1958-1994)
 * Fiat 500 (1957-1975)
 * Fiat 126 (1972-1987)
 * Porsche 356 (1948-1965)
 * Porsche 911 (1964-1998)
 * Porsche 912 (1965-1969, 1976)
 * VW-Porsche 914 (1969-1976)
 * The Volkswagen Beetle, Type 2, SP2, Karmann Ghia, and Type 3 all utilized the same air-cooled engine (1938-2013) with various displacements
 * Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) (1979–1982)
 * Volkswagen Type 4 (1968-1974)
 * Volkswagen Gol (G1) (1980-1986)
 * Toyota U engine (1961-1976)
 * Chevrolet Corvair (1960-1969)
 * Citroën 2CV (1948-1990) (Featured a high pressure oil cooling system, and used a fan bolted to the crankshaft end)
 * Citroën GS and GSA
 * Honda 1300 (1969-1973)
 * NSU Prinz
 * Royal Enfield Motorcycles (India): The 350cc and 500cc Twinspark motorcycle engines are air-cooled
 * Oltcit Club (1981–1995)T13/653, G11/631 and VO36/630
 * Demak Dzm 200 2015

Aviation
During the 1920s and 30s there was a great debate in the aviation industry about the merits of air-cooled vs. liquid-cooled designs. At the beginning of this period, the liquid used for cooling was water at ambient pressure. The amount of heat carried away by a fluid is a function of its capacity and the difference in input and output temperatures. As the boiling point of water is reduced with lower pressure, and the water could not be efficiently pumped as steam, radiators had to have enough cooling power to account for the loss in cooling power as the aircraft climbed. The resulting radiators were quite large and caused a significant amount of aerodynamic drag.

This placed the two designs roughly equal in terms of power to drag, but the air-cooled designs were almost always lighter and simpler. In 1921, the US Navy, largely due to the efforts of Commander Bruce G. Leighton, decided that the simplicity of the air-cooled design would result in less maintenance workload, which was paramount given the limited working area of aircraft carriers. Leighton's efforts led to the Navy underwriting air-cooled engine development at Pratt & Whitney and Wright Aeronautical.

Most other groups, especially in Europe where aircraft performance was rapidly improving, were more concerned with the issue of drag. While air-cooled designs were common on light aircraft and trainers, as well as some transport aircraft and bombers, liquid-cooled designs remained much more common for fighters and high-performance bombers. The drag issue was upset by the 1929 introduction of the NACA cowl, which greatly reduced the drag of air-cooled engines in spite of their larger frontal area, and the drag related to cooling was at this point largely even.

In the late 1920s into the 1930s, a number of European companies introduced cooling system that kept the water under pressure allowed it to reach much higher temperatures without boiling, carrying away more heat and thus reducing the volume of water required and the size of the radiator by as much as 30%. They could also eliminate the radiator entirely using evaporative cooling, allowing it to turn to steam and running the steam through tubes located just under the skin of the wings and fuselage, where the fast moving outside air condensed it back to water. While this concept was used on a number of record-setting aircraft in the late 1930s, it always proved impractical for production aircraft for a wide variety of reasons.

In 1929, Curtiss began experiments replacing water with ethylene glycol in a Curtiss D-12 engine. Glycol could run up to 250 C and reduced the radiator size by 50% compared to water cooled designs. The experiments were extremely successful and by 1932 the company had switched all future designs to this coolant. At the time, Union Carbide held a monopoly on the industrial process to make glycol, so it was initially used only in the US, with Allison Engines picking it up soon after. It was not until the mid-1930s that Rolls-Royce adopted it as supplies improved, converting all of their engines to glycol. With the much smaller radiators and less fluid in the system, the weight and drag of these designs was well below contemporary air-cooled designs. On a weight basis, these liquid-cooled designs offered as much as 30% better performance.

In the late- and post-war era, the high-performance field quickly moved to jet engines. This took away the primary market for late-model liquid-cooled engines. Those roles that remained with piston power were mostly slower designs and civilian aircraft. In these roles, the simplicity and reduction in servicing needs is far more important that drag, and from the end of the war on almost all piston aviation engines have been air-cooled, with few exceptions.

, most of the engines manufactured by Lycoming and Continental are used by major manufacturers of light aircraft Cirrus, Cessna and so on. Other engine manufactures using air-cooled engine technology are ULPower and Jabiru, more active in the Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) and ultralight aircraft market. Rotax uses a combination of air-cooled cylinders and liquid-cooled cylinder heads.

Diesel engines
Some small diesel engines, e.g. those made by Deutz AG and Lister Petter are air-cooled. Probably the only big Euro 5 truck air-cooled engine (V8 320 kW power 2100 N·m torque one) is being produced by Tatra. BOMAG part of the FAYAT group also utilizes an air cooled inline 6 cylinder motor, in many of their construction vehicles.

Stationary or portable engines
Stationary or portable engines were commercially introduced early in the 1900s. The first commercial production was by the New Way Motor Company of Lansing, Michigan, US. The company produced air-cooled engines in single and twin cylinders in both horizontal and vertical cylinder format. Subsequent to their initial production which was exported worldwide, other companies took up the advantages of this cooling method, especially in small portable engines. Applications include mowers, generators, outboard motors, pump sets, saw benches and auxiliary power plants and more.

title: Air-cooled engine


text:
Villaverde

Villaverde may refer to:

Italy

 * Villa Verde, Sardinia

Philippines

 * Villaverde, Nueva Vizcaya

Spain

 * Andalusia
 * Villaverde del Río

 * Asturias
 * Villaverde (Allande)

 * Basque Country
 * Villaverde, Álava

 * Cantabria
 * Valle de Villaverde, formerly Villaverde de Trucíos

 * Castile and León
 * Villaverde de Guareña
 * Villaverde de Íscar
 * Villaverde de Medina
 * Villaverde de Montejo
 * Villaverde del Monte
 * Villaverde-Mogina

 * Castilla-La Mancha
 * Villaverde de Guadalimar
 * Villaverde y Pasaconsol

 * La Rioja
 * Villaverde de Rioja

 * Community of Madrid
 * Villaverde, Madrid

United States

 * Villa Verde (Pasadena, California), listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places

People

 * Hugo Villaverde (born 1954), Argentine footballer
 * Teresa Villaverde (born 1966), Portuguese film director

title: Villaverde


text:
Talk:East Korea Warm Current

last sentence
AFAIC, It's very hot and rainy in the summer. makes no sense. The current is able to cause this in Korea(?), but is not so in itself. Horst Emscher (talk) 07:34, 10 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:East Korea Warm Current


text:
Hunt-class minesweeper (1916)

The Hunt-class minesweeper was a class of minesweeping sloop built between 1916 and 1919 for the Royal Navy. They were built in two discrete groups, the earlier Belvoir group designed by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company and the subsequent (and slightly larger) Aberdare group designed by the Admiralty. They were classed as Fleet Minesweeping Sloops, that is ships intended to clear open water. The Belvoir group were named after British fox hunts. Those of the Aberdare group were originally named after coastal towns, watering places and fishing ports, some of which happened to be hunts by coincidence. However, all were soon renamed after inland locations to prevent confusion caused by the misunderstanding of signals and orders.

Design
These ships had twin screws and had forced-draught coal burning boilers; that is they burned pulverised coal in an artificially augmented airstream. One consequence of this was that they produced a lot of smoke, so much so that they were more usually referred to as Smokey Joes. Another was that if they were fed anything other than the Welsh Steam Coal they were designed for then the fuel consumption was enormous—one ship was bunkered with soft brown Natal coal and burnt 20 tons in a single day.

They had a shallow draught (8 ft). Armament was one QF 4 in gun forward and a QF 12 pounder aft, plus two twin 0.303 inch machine guns. Their counter-mine equipment consisted of Oropesa floats to cut the cables of moored mines.

Service
Six ships were completed as survey vessels, and the majority of the Aberdare group arrived too late to see service during the First World War. Thirty-five were cancelled after the armistice. Interwar, eight were sold out of service, one was sold to Siam, one was converted to an RNVR drillship and 52 were scrapped. The majority of the remainder spent the period from 1919 to 1939 in reserve around the world, with Malta and Singapore having most of them, so that on the outbreak of World War II there were still 27 available for service, to which a further two were added by requisition from mercantile service.

The 5th Minesweeping Flotilla, comprising Pangourne, Ross, Lydd, Kellet and Albury as well as the newer Halcyon-class Gossamer and Leda sailed from North Shields for Harwich late on 26 May 1940, reaching Harwich nearly 24 hours later. After coaling, the flotilla sailed for Dunkirk in the afternoon of 28 May, and was off the beach by about 21:30 hours the same day. At least two ships from the Flotilla (Ross and Lydd) were detailed to collect troops from the harbour mole. Ross alone took on board 353 men and one dog on this first night. The ships of the flotilla made a further three trips to Dunkirk in the following days, working at battle-stations virtually round the clock and returning to Margate for the last time from Dunkirk on Saturday, 1 June 1940. Sutton was also present at Dunkirk.

Five ships were lost during the war, and a further vessel, Widnes was beached in Suda Bay, Crete in May 1941 after being bombed by German aircraft. The Germans recovered and repaired the hull, pressing her into service as 12.V4. In October 1943, now known as Uj.2109, she was sunk by the destroyers HMS Eclipse (H08), HMS Faulknor (H62) and the GREEK DESTROYER Vasilissa Olga.

Ships
The first group of twenty ships were ordered in 1916 and were part of the Belvoir group. One hundred and twenty-nine further ships were ordered to this Admiralty design between 1916 and November 1918 as the Aberdare group. Six of this group were completed as survey ships, while thirty-four of them were cancelled at the end of World War I. Among the cancelled ships, Battle and Bloxham had already been launched. Two more were projected to be ordered from Fleming & Ferguson, but these two were never actually ordered.

Many ships were originally assigned different names which were changed while building to avoid use of coastal locations as ship names.

Follow-on service
Several examples passed on from Royal Navy service for use by other civil and military operators.

title: Hunt-class minesweeper (1916)


text:
ExtendedancEPlay

Extendedance Play (stylized as ExtendedancEPlay) is a studio 12" EP by British rock band Dire Straits, released on 14 January 1983 by Vertigo Records internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The record contains three tracks on the international version and four on the U.S. version, which also included the song "Badges, Posters, Stickers, T-Shirts," an outtake from the Love over Gold sessions that had been released in other territories as the b-side to "Private Investigations".

The EP consists of upbeat tracks with a rock and roll, jazz and swing feel. It is the first release by the band to feature drummer Terry Williams, who filled the spot after drummer Pick Withers left the group in 1982.

This EP has never been released on compact disc except for a very rare CD-Video. However, "Twisting by the Pool" appears on the compilations Money for Nothing and Sultans of Swing: The Very Best of Dire Straits, and a live version of "Two Young Lovers" is featured on Alchemy: Dire Straits Live.

Track listing
All songs were written by Mark Knopfler.

The original vinyl EP presented tracks 1–2 on side A, and tracks 3–4 on side B.

Personnel
Dire Straits
 * Mark Knopfler – vocals, lead guitar
 * Hal Lindes – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Alan Clark – piano, Hammond organ, synthesizer
 * John Illsley – bass, backing vocals
 * Terry Williams – drums (1, 3, 4)
 * Pick Withers – drums (2)

Additional personnel
 * Mel Collins – saxophone (3)

Production
 * Mark Knopfler – producer
 * John Etchells – engineer

title: ExtendedancEPlay


text:
Skannerz

Skannerz is a series of electronic toys made by Radica Games that use barcode technology to create an interactive battle game. Radica brand barcodes have the additional feature of being able to act as a healing code in the first 2 iterations of the game.

Skannerz
The original Skannerz came in three versions which represented the three tribes: If a player scans a barcode containing a rival tribe's monster, a battle would be initiated. Also, items could be gathered from Universal Product Code barcodes. Another feature is the two player battle system where two versions could be linked together and battle. There are 126 monsters to collect and control between the 3 controllers. Additionally, the monsters also each possessed a special 'type' or 'class' - these types are: Released in 2000.
 * Zendra (blue)
 * Pataak (green)
 * Ujalu (red)
 * Magic
 * Tech
 * Power

Skannerz Commander
The Skannerz Commander is second in the series. There are no "tribes" in this version nor are there different models. With this model the user that scans can get the opponent's monster by winning, but this means that therefore they will lose a monster with a loss. The Skannerz Commander game is incompatible with the original Skannerz models. It was released in 2001.

Skannerz Racerz
The Skannerz Racerz is the third in the Skannerz series, where the players can scan barcodes, and race cars from three classes: "Off-Road", "Drag", and "Street". There are 120 cars in total, which consists of 40 cars per class. The game also has 64 optional parts that can be installed onto any of player's vehicles to upgrade them. The players start the game with a basic vehicle known as the "Gizmo" and they must win a certain number of races to progress in rank, from Rookie to Amateur to Pro. Cars and parts can be obtained by scanning barcodes and either receiving a car from the dealership or beating your opponent in a Pink Slip style race. Parts are also obtained the same way as dealership cars, but are received from the Garage. Only one of each car and car part can be obtained. Hindrances can pop up anytime the players scan a barcode in the form of losing car to the police, being impounded or a modified car crashing into a tree and losing a part. Races involve beating the other opponent and also involve 5 Speed Gear changes. Each track has its own obstacles: off-road has bumps that the players have to avoid, drag involves car swaying from side to side along the track and street involves car slowing and sliding around turns.

Skannerz Orbz
The fourth Skannerz series did not involve barcode scanning. The Skannerz Orbz are balls that act as arenas for other monsters. Not all previous monsters are included but the selected were put into disks ("dizks") which plug into the orb. The orb has two halves: The orbz have a larger focus on strategy, the player must choose the monsters and strategy before the battle starts; once the battle commences, the player has no control over the battle except to cheer the team on. The top half of the orb can be connected to the top half of a separate player. This battle is set up the same but at the end of a player battle the winner is given special items.
 * the bottom half is the storage compartment for the dizks
 * the top half is where the dizks are inserted and battled

Monsters
There are 126 monsters to collect divided evenly between the first three consoles and 12 secret monsters (commonly known as the "Exiles") that any console can get. The Skannerz Commander console has another 126 monsters and 12 secret monsters that are unobtainable on the other models.

Monsters can be obtained through scanning a product barcode, and made to fight other monsters through a battle with another controller, or a battle with a NPC when a barcode belonging to another console is scanned.

Each monster has up to three attacks that can be learned when it gains enough HP. Generally, each attack is more powerful than the last, and the player may choose which one to use to fight.

title: Skannerz


text:
Template talk:Infobox newspaper

Wikidata version?
Is there a Wikidata version for this template? this would allow us to replace the bare infoboxes in:

 * Carmarthen Journal
 * The Cambrian
 * The Cardiff Times
 * Baner ac Amserau Cymru
 * Seren Gomer
 * Y Llan
 * Y Goleuad
 * Y Gwladgarwr
 * The Welshman (newspaper)
 * The Weekly Mail
 * Yr Amserau
 * The Aberystwyth Observer
 * The Aberdare Times
 * Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald
 * Y Genedl Gymreig
 * Aberystwyth Times
 * Y Dydd
 * Y Tyst Cymreig
 * The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian
 * Seren Cymru
 * Potter's Electric News
 * Carmarthen Weekly Reporter
 * Gwalia (newspaper)
 * Llangollen Advertiser
 * Tarian y Gweithiwr
 * The Principality (newspaper)
 * Y Tyst a'r Dydd
 * Wrexham and Denbigh Weekly Advertiser
 * County Observer and Monmouthshire Central Advertiser
 * Tenby Observer
 * North Wales Gazette
 * Y Gwyliedydd
 * The Merthyr Telegraph
 * The Visitors' List and Guide
 * The Cardigan Observer
 * Denbigh, Ruthin and Vale of Clwyd Free Press
 * Glamorgan Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian
 * Y Rhedegydd
 * Pontypridd Chronicle
 * The Brecon Reporter
 * The Demetian Mirror
 * Llais Y Wlad
 * The Cardigan Bay Visitor
 * Flintshire Observer
 * Haverfordwest & Milford Haven Telegraph
 * Y Werin

Frietjes (talk) 00:04, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Could the template be modified to pull info from Wikidata when available? This could be useful for things like websites, ISSNs, etc. Trivialist (talk) 15:03, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

 * I'd love to see it! I know has expertise in that area. {{u|  Sdkb  }}  talk 15:44, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

 * It's technically quite easy now, the tricky thing is community consensus. I'd encourage you to look at Template:Infobox telescope as a good example, which uses Module:WikidataIB to fetch Wikidata values, and to provide various controls such as only fetching referenced values, maximum number of values, suppression of fields, etc. I can help if you have specific questions about how to do this, but I don't have the time to do the coding myself now, sorry. Thanks. Mike Peel (talk) 18:24, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

 * This might also help with the notability of some params as discussed in the archives of this talk page, if only statements at WD with refs would be imported. Arlo James Barnes 20:24, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Showing only referenced statements from Wikidata is supported. Thanks. Mike Peel (talk) 20:30, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Website screenshot
With newspapers now being increasingly web-based, I think there should be an additional set of parameters for the homepage of a newspaper's online equivalent, which at this point likely receive much more traction than in-print versions.  Crusader 1096  (message) 04:07, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅, but perhaps it could be a generic 'front page' param. Arlo James Barnes 20:21, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Param for title of newspaper in main language
As title; would be nice to include the original title of the paper if it's a non-english language paper toobigtokale (talk) 20:21, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 2 October 2023
Hi, I'd like to request that the LCCN parameter at least be added as an optional inclusion, please. It's always good to have backups. And I think the Library of Congress has a significant database, where I can fill in a variety of missing identifiers in infoboxes. Thank you. --Cinemaniac86Dane_Cook_Hater_Extraordinaire 22:58, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. – Jonesey95 (talk) 23:30, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Apologies. I didn't realize we had to request for a change before I edited either, and should have undid my own revision. So should I open up a proposal about LCCN for discussion on the talk page for now and see if anyone else thinks it's worthwhile to include as an option before I request again? --Cinemaniac86Dane_Cook_Hater_Extraordinaire 10:54, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Continuing discussion here is alright. I think of ISSNs as the standard identifier for newspapers, so my initial thought is that I'm not particularly keen to add others. There's always authority control for when it's really needed. If the parameter was designed so that it only shows up if the ISSN isn't present, that might be somewhat better, but it still might lead to people adding it rather than ISSNs. How many notable newspapers are we talking about that have a LCCN but not an ISSN? {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 14:00, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

Creative director field?
Should there be a field for creative director? I'm looking specifically at the article on The Concordian. The person listed as "associate editor" is actually, according to this webpage, creative director. Maybe there's a way around this that I don't know about for the infobox? BobbyWatson42 (talk) 22:52, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

 * No. In that use case, even if it was called associate editor, the only person you should list is the editor-in-chief. And if the creative director were equal in stature to the EIC, you'd just use the custom field option. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 01:14, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 11 March 2024
add parameter Deputy Managing Editor below Managing Editor. No need to include plural variant.

Context: This request is inspired by the fact that The Chicago Maroon's new executive leadership includes a deputy managing editor, who appears on the paper's masthead directly below the managing editor. They fulfill similar functions. There are also deputy managing editors at the Washington Square News and several other local and regional news outlets.

F8of (talk) 06:33, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ❌ There are already far too many positions listed in this infobox, violating WP:LEADWEIGHT. We should be removing most of them, not adding more. From what you've said, the fact that the deputy managing editor is below the managing editor in the hierarchy means that it is not a top postition (even if listed on the masthead), and should not be listed. (If it were appropriate to list, you would be able to use custom_label for a niche case, but again, it is not.)  Sdkb  talk 10:28, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 13 May 2024
Please add a parameter, which links to https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/XXXX where XXXX is the value passed in the parameter. This would be similar to the fields for OCLC ID in the US and RNI in India. Trove is an online newspaper archive service provided by the National Library of Australia. There are 1806 local, regional and national newspapers archived on Trove, and I think this would be a useful link to include in the Infobox and a timesaver for editors over using free.

I'd also like to propose the,  ,   and   parameters, or just two parameters instead of four with the labels Successor(s) and Predecessor(s) for newspapers which have amalgamated, split up and spun off. Sister newspapers works for spin-offs, but not so much for amalgamations and splits. Adam Black talk • contributions 03:47, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Both seem like good ideas. For the second, though, I think it'd be more useful to readers to be more specific with the label, e.g. Merged into X rather than Successor X. Perhaps Infobox organization or others have a model we could use.  Sdkb  talk 13:46, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Sdkb, I think that would be ideal. Maybe something like,  ,   and   could be used alongside   and   tags for situations where the specific tags don't quite fit. I can't think of any specific examples but there's always the possibility something crops up where the more specific tags don't make sense. The template documentation could be used to ask editors to use the more specific parameters wherever possible. I've had a look through the Infobox organization parameters to see what parameters they use and it seems the only relevant ones are  ,  ,   and  . Adam Black talk • contributions 20:00, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Could Trove be used in free? I would be fine if there was a separate parameter. SWinxy (talk) 23:03, 17 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I think Trove could be used in free, but to me it seems like it would be useful to have a field with "Trove" (including the link) as the label and maybe a "The Pingelly Leader online archive" link as the content, with the newspaper name displayed based on the page title. Adam Black talk • contributions 23:40, 17 May 2024 (UTC)

Deactivating edit request as this is still being discussed and not ready to go live. Feel free to reactivate if you still need an uninvolved template editor (rather than Sdkb or SWinxy implementing themselves) when you have agreed on what code to use, put it in the sandbox, and tested it. * Pppery * it has begun... 16:53, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox newspaper