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Black Sash

The Black Sash is a South African human rights organisation. It was founded in Johannesburg in 1955 as a non-violent resistance organisation for liberal white women.

Origins
The Black Sash was founded on 19 May 1955 by six middle-class white women, Jean Sinclair, Ruth Foley, Elizabeth McLaren, Tertia Pybus, Jean Bosazza and Helen Newton-Thompson. The organisation was founded as the Women’s Defence of the Constitution League but was eventually shortened by the press as the Black Sash due to the women's habit of wearing black sashes at their protest meetings. These black sashes symbolised the mourning for the South Africa Constitution. The founding members gathered for tea in Johannesburg before they decided to organise a movement against the Senate Act. They succeeded in holding a vigil of 2 000 women who marched from Joubert Park to the Johannesburg City Hall.

Anti-apartheid activity
The Black Sash initially campaigned against the removal of Coloured or mixed race voters from the voters' roll in the Cape Province by the National Party government. As the apartheid system began to reach into every aspect of South African life, Black Sash members demonstrated against the Pass Laws and the introduction of other apartheid legislation. It would later open advice offices to provide information concerning their legal rights to non-white South Africans affected by that legislation. These advice offices were a critical role of the organisation's brave and principled role as a vital component of civil society.

Between 1955 and 1994, the Black Sash provided widespread and visible proof of white resistance towards the apartheid system. In fact, during the 1960s and most of the 1970s the Black Sash and National Union of South African Students represented the only consistent white opposition to the government outside Parliament. Its members worked as volunteer advocates to families affected by apartheid laws; held regular street demonstrations; spoke at political meetings; brought cases of injustice to the attention of their Members of Parliament, and kept vigils outside Parliament and government offices. Many members were vilified within their local white communities, and it was not unusual for women wearing the black sash to be physically attacked by supporters of apartheid.

Sheena Duncan joined the Black Sash in 1963, and led it for many years, becoming life president. In her time many booklets were written, and translated into indigenous languages, to inform people of their legal rights under apartheid.

In the 1980s the Black Sash formed a sub-committee called The Transvaal Rural Action Committee (TRAC) which was later part of the National Land Committee assisting the non-white communities that were subject to forced land removals. It would also create and fund the Rural Women's Movement (RWM), supporting rural non-white women rights in regards to inheritance and land ownership, in 1986. TRAC employed Lydia Kompe to coordinate the RWM in 1986, and Nomhlangano Beauty Mkhize, from Driefontein, became its first chairperson.

In 1983, the Black Sash called for the abolition of military conscription. The organisation was instrumental in establishing the End Conscription Campaign to campaign against compulsory military service by young white men.

End of apartheid
The Black Sash's resistance movement came to an end in the early 1990s with the end of apartheid, the unbanning of the ANC and the release of Nelson Mandela from imprisonment. Its role was recognised by Nelson Mandela on his release and by subsequent political leaders. Prior to the 1994 multi-racial elections, Black Sash conducted voter education and produced a booklet called You and the Vote. The organisation was reformed in 1995 as a non-racial humanitarian organisation, working to 'make human rights real for all living in South Africa'.

In May 2015, the organisation celebrated its 60th anniversary as it shifted its focus towards education, training, advocacy and community monitoring. The celebration of the Black Sash history was also marked by the launching of two books, namely Standing on Street Corners: a History of the Natal Midlands Region of the Black Sash and a biography by Annemarie Hendrikz.

National Presidents

 * Ruth Foley 1955 - 1957
 * Molley Petersen 1958 - 1959
 * Eulalie Doreen Stott 1960 - 1961
 * Jean Sinclair 1961 – 1975
 * Sheena Duncan 1976 – 1978
 * Joyce Harris 1979 - 1982
 * Sheena Duncan 1983 – 1986
 * Maria Macdiarmid "Mary" Burton 1987 – 1990
 * Jennifer de Tolly 1991 – 1994

title: Black Sash


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Preston Foster

Preston Stratton Foster (August 24, 1900 – July 14, 1970), was an American actor of stage, film, radio, and television, whose career spanned nearly four decades. He also had a career as a vocalist.

Early life
Born in Ocean City, New Jersey, in 1900, Foster was the eldest of three children of New Jersey natives Sallie R. (née Stratton) and Walter Foster. Preston had two sisters, Mabel and Anna; and according to federal census records, his family still lived in Ocean City in Cape May County at least as late as 1910. There his father supported the family working as a painter. Sometime between 1910 and 1918, the Fosters relocated to Pitman, New Jersey, where Preston's father was employed as a machinist. The census for 1920 and Preston's earlier draft registration card from 1918 document that he continued to reside at that time at his parents' home at the intersection of Laurel and Snyder avenues in Pitman. Those records document as well that he had a job as a clerk for the New York Ship Company in Camden, New Jersey, located about 17 miles north of Pitman. A decade later, additional census records show that Foster had moved to Queens, New York, where he was living with his first wife, Gertrude, a widow and stage actress who was seven years his senior. The federal census of 1930 also lists Foster as an actor by then, one employed in "Legitimate Vaudeville".

Stage and film career
Foster began working in films in 1929 after acting on Broadway, where he was still performing as late as November 1931 in the cast of Two Seconds. He soon reprised that stage role in Hollywood in the filmed version of the play. Some of his subsequent films include Doctor X (1932), I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932), Annie Oakley (1935), The Last Days of Pompeii (1935), The Informer (1935), Geronimo (1939), My Friend Flicka (1943), and Roger Touhy, Gangster (1944).

Over the years, as Foster's film experience in Hollywood grew, producers and directors gained increasing respect for his ability to play an array of characters, ranging from the "snarling family‐deserting criminal" in The People's Enemy in 1935 to the soft-spoken, fatherly chaplain on the Pacific battlefront in the 1943 film Guadalcanal Diary. Once, when asked if he ever regretted performing in villainous roles, Foster gave some insight into his family's reaction to them:"I don't, but my mother does. Every time I do a part like The People's Enemy, she writes, ‘It was a nice picture, Preston, but do you have to play roles like that?’"

Foster's career was interrupted by World War II, when he served with the United States Coast Guard. While in active service he rose to the rank of captain, and later he was awarded the honorary rank of commodore in the Coast Guard Auxiliary.

Radio actor and vocalist
In addition to performing on stage and in numerous films, Foster was an accomplished singer who performed on both radio and in nightclubs, as well as a voice actor on radio. On July 25, 1943, Foster co-starred with Ellen Drew in "China Bridge," a presentation of Silver Theater on CBS radio. Foster also enjoyed a secondary career as a vocalist. In 1948, he created a trio consisting of himself, his second wife Sheila, and guitarist Gene Leis. Leis arranged the songs, and the trio performed on radio and in clubs, appearing with Orrin Tucker, Peggy Ann Garner and Rita Hayworth.

Television work
In 1950, Foster began performing on the young but rapidly expanding medium of television. His first credited role on the "small screen" was in September of that year on the NBC anthology series Cameo Theatre, in an episode titled "The Westland Case". Later, after a few other appearances on series, he starred in the televised drama Waterfront, playing Captain John Herrick during the 1954-1955 broadcast season. He also guest-starred in 1963 in the ABC drama series Going My Way, starring Gene Kelly.

Personal life and death
Foster was married twice, the first time to actress Gertrude Elene (Warren) Leonard, a widow who had been born in Woodbury, New Jersey in 1893. The two wed on June 27, 1925, in Manhattan, where they both worked as actors. In the early 1930s, the couple left New York City and relocated to Los Angeles. There, in 1939, they adopted a daughter, Stephanie; but six years later Preston and Gertrude divorced.

During times between his performances in films and on television, Foster often enjoyed boating and deep-sea fishing, especially for marlin, off California's southern coast. He continued to accept acting offers in his later years, although far less regularly during the final decade of his life. His last film credit was in the role of Nick Kassel in Chubasco, which was released just two years before his death.

During his later years, Foster lived in the seaside community of La Jolla, California, part of the city of San Diego. In 1969, when the San Diego Padres made their debut as a Major League Baseball team, Foster wrote a song titled "Let's Go Padres", which was billed as the team's official song. He sang it at some home games that season. Foster died in 1970 at age 69 in La Jolla after what The New York Times described as "a long illness."

Honors
Preston Foster has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6801 Hollywood Blvd.

Filmography

 * Pusher-in-the-Face (1929, Short) (film debut)
 * Nothing but the Truth (1929) as Nightclub Patron (uncredited)
 * Heads Up (1930) as Blake
 * Follow the Leader (1930) as Two-Gun Terry
 * His Woman (1931) as Crewman (uncredited)
 * Two Seconds (1932) as Bud Clark
 * Doctor X (1932) as Dr. Wells
 * The Last Mile (1932) as John 'Killer' Mears - Cell 4
 * Life Begins (1932) as Dr. Brett
 * The All American (1932) as Steve Kelly
 * I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932) as Pete
 * You Said a Mouthful (1932) as Ed Dover
 * Sensation Hunters (1933) as Tom Baylor
 * Ladies They Talk About (1933) as David Slade
 * Elmer, the Great (1933) as Walker
 * Dangerous Crossroads (1933) as Gang Leader
 * Corruption (1933) as Tim Butler
 * The Man Who Dared (1933) as Jan Novak
 * Devil's Mate (1933) as Insp. O'Brien
 * Hoop-La (1933) as Nifty Miller
 * Just Around the Corner (1933, Short) as Tim - Office Worker
 * Heat Lightning (1934) as George
 * Wharf Angel (1934) as Como Murphy
 * Sleepers East (1934) as Jason Everett
 * The Band Plays On (1934) as Howdy Hardy
 * Strangers All (1935) as Murray Carter
 * The People's Enemy (1935) as Vince M. Falcone
 * The Informer (1935) as Dan Gallagher
 * A Night at the Biltmore Bowl (1935, Short) as Preston Foster
 * The Arizonian (1935) as Tex Randolph
 * The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) as Marcus
 * Annie Oakley (1935) as Toby Walker
 * We're Only Human (1935) as Det. Sgt. Pete 'Mac' McCaffrey
 * Muss 'Em Up (1936) as Tippecanoe 'Tip' O'Neil
 * Love Before Breakfast (1936) as Scott Miller
 * The Plough and the Stars (1936) as Jack Clitheroe
 * We Who Are About to Die (1937) as Steven Mathews
 * Sea Devils (1937) as Michael 'Mike' O'Shay
 * The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1937) as John Oakhurst
 * You Can't Beat Love (1937) as James Ellsworth 'Jimmy' Hughes
 * The Westland Case (1937) as Bill Crane - Private Detective
 * First Lady (1937) as Stephen Wayne
 * Everybody's Doing It (1938) as Bruce Keene
 * Double Danger (1938) as Bob Crane
 * The Lady in the Morgue (1938) as Det. Bill Crane
 * Army Girl (1938) as Capt. Dike Conger
 * The Storm (1938) as Jack Stacey
 * Submarine Patrol (1938) as Lt. (j.g.) John C. Drake
 * Up the River (1938) as 'Chipper' Morgan
 * The Last Warning (1938) as Bill Crane
 * Society Smugglers (1939) as Richard 'Sully' Sullivan
 * Chasing Danger (1939) as Steve Mitchell
 * News Is Made at Night (1939) as Steve Drum
 * 20,000 Men a Year (1939) as Jim Howell
 * Missing Evidence (1939) as Bill Collins
 * Geronimo (1939) as Captain Bill Starrett
 * Cafe Hostess (1940) as Dan Walters
 * North West Mounted Police (1940) as Sergeant Jim Brett
 * Moon Over Burma (1940) as Bill Gordon
 * The Round Up (1941) as Greg Lane
 * Unfinished Business (1941) as Steve Duncan
 * Secret Agent of Japan (1942) as Roy Bonnell
 * A Gentleman After Dark (1942) as Police Detective Tom Gaynor
 * Night in New Orleans (1942) as Police Lt. Steve Abbott
 * Little Tokyo, U.S.A. (1942) as Michael Steele
 * Thunder Birds (1942) as Steve Britt
 * American Empire (1942) as Paxton Bryce
 * My Friend Flicka (1943) as Rob McLaughlin
 * Guadalcanal Diary (1943) as Father Donnelly
 * Bermuda Mystery (1944) as Steve Carramond
 * Roger Touhy, Gangster (1944) as Roger Touhy
 * Thunderhead, Son of Flicka (1945) as Rob McLaughlin
 * The Valley of Decision (1945) as Jim Brennan
 * Twice Blessed (1945) as Jeff Turner
 * Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (1945) as Himself (uncredited)
 * The Harvey Girls (1946) as Judge Sam Purvis
 * Tangier (1946) as Col. Jose Artiego
 * Strange Triangle (1946) as Sam Crane
 * Inside Job (1946) as Bart Madden
 * Ramrod (1947) as Frank Ivey
 * King of the Wild Horses (1947) as Dave Taggert
 * The Hunted (1948) as Johnny Saxon
 * Thunderhoof (1948) as Scotty Mason
 * I Shot Jesse James (1949) as John Kelley
 * The Big Cat (1949) as Tom Eggers
 * The Tougher They Come (1950) as Joe MacKinley
 * Three Desperate Men (1951) as Tom Denton
 * Tomahawk (1951) as Col. Carrington
 * The Big Gusher (1951) as Henry 'Hank' Mason
 * The Big Night (1951) as Andy La Main
 * Montana Territory (1952) as Sheriff Henry Plummer
 * Kansas City Confidential (1952) as Tim Foster
 * Law and Order (1953) as Kurt Durling
 * The Marshal's Daughter (1953) as Poker-Game Player #1
 * I, the Jury (1953) as Capt. Pat Chambers
 * Waterfront (1954-1955, TV) as Cap'n John Herrick
 * Destination 60,000 (1957) as Col. Ed Buckley
 * Gunslinger (1961, TV) as Capt. Zachary Wingate
 * Going My Way (1963, TV) as Francis X. Finnegan
 * 77 Sunset Strip (1964, TV) as Boss Gates
 * Advance to the Rear (1964) as Gen. Bateman (uncredited)
 * The Time Travelers (1964) as Dr. Erik von Steiner
 * You've Got to Be Smart (1967) as D.A. Griggs
 * Chubasco (1967) as Nick (final film)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Preston Foster


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Leela James

Alechia Janeice Campbell  (born June 2, 1983) known professionally as Leela James, is an American R&B and soul singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California.

Music career
James made her debut on the soundtrack to the 2000 Jamie Foxx film Bait on the Roots song "Work", credited as Alechia James.

In 2004, James toured as an opening act for the Black Eyed Peas and Macy Gray. That same year, she was featured on hip hop producer, DJ, and emcee Pete Rock's album Soul Survivor II, providing vocals to the track "No Tears". In 2005, she lent her voice to the posthumously released Ray Charles album Genius & Friends, duetting with the singer on the song "Compared to What".

James' debut album, A Change Is Gonna Come, was released on June 21, 2005. James co-wrote most of the tracks on this album, two exceptions being her covers of the pop rock band No Doubt's 1996 hit "Don't Speak", and the Sam Cooke song "A Change Is Gonna Come". Notable collaborators on the album include Raphael Saadiq, Kanye West and Wyclef Jean.

James guested on Robert Randolph and the Family Band's 2006 album Colorblind, lending her vocals to "Stronger".

After parting ways with Warner Bros., James signed with the independent label Shanachie Records and released her second studio album on March 24, 2009, an all-cover set entitled Let's Do It Again, in homage to the Staple Singers.

In June 2009, James appeared on the Moby album Wait for Me, performing the vocal on "Walk with Me".

James' third album My Soul, her first with the Stax label, was released on May 24, 2010, and debuted on the US Hip Hop/R&B chart at No. 7. Speaking in May 2010 to UK soul writer Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul, she stated: "With this album I wanted to make sure that I showed all sides of me – in terms of variety in the music and in my vocal range – while at the same time making it clear that every song deeply came from my soul. Plus I also wanted to incorporate a little more hip hop this time, and infuse it with my traditional R&B – because I felt that. By making my beats edgier and harder-hitting, I'd show there was more to me than just doing ballads and things of that sort."

On July 31, 2012, James released her fourth studio album, Loving You More... In the Spirit of Etta James. Originally the album was going to have one song honoring Etta James, but with her death it became a full tribute album. It was released by Shanachie Records.

On July 8, 2014, James released her fifth studio album, Fall For You. The album's first two singles, "Say That" feat. Anthony Hamilton and "Fall For You" both reached Top 15 on the Billboard Urban AC charts, with "Fall For You" reaching No. 12. James supported her album with tours nationwide, including performances at Essence Music Festival, Arizona Jazz Fest, San Diego Jazz Fest, Capitol Jazz Fest, and more.

James' sixth album, Did It for Love was released on March 31, 2017, by Shesangz Music under license to BMG. The album has the singles "Don't Want You Back" released on October 28, 2016, "Hard for Me" released on February 25, 2017, "Don't Mean a Thang" released on March 27, 2017, and a video single "All Over Again" on May 4, 2017. The single "Don't Want You Back" reached number 1 on Billboard' Adult R&B Songs chart on April 15, 2017, becoming her highest-charting single ever.

In February 2021, James debuted the song "Complicated", the first single off her seventh studio album See Me. It peaked at No. 3 on Billboard' Adult R&B Songs chart on August 21, 2021.

Television appearances
In 2014 and 2015, she starred in seasons 2 and 3 of the TV One reality show R&B Divas: Los Angeles.

Influences
James cites singers James Brown, Roberta Flack, Toni Braxton, Marvin Gaye, Donny Hathaway, Gladys Knight, Mavis Staples, Etta James as influences.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * A Change Is Gonna Come (2005)
 * Let's Do It Again (2009)
 * My Soul (2010)
 * Loving You More... In the Spirit of Etta James (2012)
 * Fall for You (2014)
 * Did It for Love (2017)
 * See Me (2021)
 * Thought U Knew (2023)
 * EP albums
 * Are You Ready? (2019) (with The Truth Band)

title: Leela James


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User talk:Spam 000

Some of your edits might be considered vandalism by wikipedians. You might want to acquaint yourself with some of wikipedia's policys before editing further. Cheers, An An 10:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spam 000


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We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It

We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It!!, often shortened to Fuzzbox, are a British alternative rock group. Formed in Birmingham in 1985, the all-female quartet originally consisted of Vix (Vickie Perks), Magz (Maggie Dunne), Jo Dunne and Tina O'Neill. The band's name was shortened to Fuzzbox for the US release of their debut studio album. They disbanded in 1990 after releasing two studio albums and reunited in 2010 for a series of concerts. A second reunion was confirmed in 2015.

Biography
The original band members, who were from Moseley, Sheldon and Acocks Green in Birmingham, formed the group in 1985, after Vix met Jo at school. Their name was chosen after they bought a guitar distortion pedal and Maggie Dunne stated: "We've got a fuzzbox and we're gonna use it!"

Their first release, in March 1986, was an EP which included "XX Sex" and "Rules and Regulations", with the fuzzbox featuring prominently, which reached No. 41 in the UK charts. This proved a huge success for the group: while not reaching the Top 40, the Vindaloo Records release remained in the Indie chart for 25 weeks. This led to tours of the UK and Europe and, in December that year, their debut album, Bostin' Steve Austin, was released (Geffen re-titled the album We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It upon its US release). This album spawned the band's first Top 40 hit, "Love Is The Slug", and the minor hit "What's The Point".

In the summer of 1986 the band teamed up with their Vindaloo Records labelmates The Nightingales and Ted Chippington to record a single "Rocking with Rita (Head to Toe)". The single, credited to the Vindaloo Summer Special, featured Fuzzbox tackling such classics as "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini" on the b-side. Further discussions led to their cover of Norman Greenbaum's hit "Spirit in the Sky", with vocals provided by Magz (Maggie).

The band signed to WEA and, for their next album, Big Bang! (1989), made an abrupt change and reinvented themselves as a slick dance-pop vocal group. The songs "Pink Sunshine", "Fast Forward Futurama" and "International Rescue" were all produced by Andy Richards and co-written by Liam Sternberg. The first three singles from the album, "International Rescue" (UK No. 11), "Pink Sunshine" (UK No. 14) and "Self!" (UK No. 24), all reached the UK Top 30, and a fourth single released from the album, a cover of Yoko Ono's "Walking on Thin Ice", peaked at No. 76. "Self!" also became the group's only charting single in the United States when it peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart and number 35 on Billboard's Dance Music Club Play chart.

In 1990, they began work on a new album entitled Out Of This World, but the project was halted after the release of the first single "Your Loss, My Gain" due to 'musical differences'. Perks decided to continue a solo career under the name of Vix, whilst the other three members left the music industry. They reunited in 2008 and appeared at the Birmingham Pride festival. Previously unreleased material was issued as Fuzz and Nonsense and From Rules and Regulations to Pink Sunshine, featuring tracks originally slated for Out Of This World. An album was later released of their two radio sessions for the late John Peel and sessions for Janice Long's show, entitled Love Is a Slug: Complete BBC Sessions. Peel-show listeners voted "Rules and Regulations" number 31 in the Festive Fifty in 1986.

In October 2004 a compilation of Fuzzbox singles and alternative mixes entitled Look At The Hits On That was released, complete with a DVD of their promotional videos – most of which were publicly unavailable until that release.

Television appearances
T.V. appearances by the group include MTV, Going Live, Jim'll Fix It, The Old Grey Whistle Test, and eight performances on Top of the Pops. Fuzzbox performed "Pink Sunshine" on Ghost Train on a sunny Saturday morning in 1989, halfway through their performance their backing tape rewound and started again.

Reunion
Early in 2010, Fuzzbox announced their reunion, returning as a quintet without drummer Tina O'Neill. A 13-date UK tour took place in May, along with a new single and video, a cover of M's "Pop Muzik", released through Gotham Records and iTunes on 17 May.

On 25 September 2010, Fuzzbox headlined at the Shifnal Festival; on 25 March 2011, they played at the Whitby Gothic Weekend. The latter was this reunion's last gig, the project disbanding shortly afterwards.

Guitarist Jo Dunne died aged 43 on 26 October 2012, six weeks after being diagnosed with cancer.

Second reunion
In July 2015, Fuzzbox appeared on BBC Radio 2 with Sara Cox to confirm a second reunion. On 9 September, it was confirmed that Megan Burke, Sarit Black and Hannah Layhe had joined the band on guitar, bass and drums respectively. On 13 November 2015 the new lineup played a comeback gig at The 100 Club in London. In 2016, they announced the release of a new single and video, 'Let's Go Supernova!', and a UK tour in December with The Wonder Stuff.

In March 2022, the band announced the release of We’ve Got A Fuzzbox and We’re Going To Use It – Reimagined/Reimagined Too: The Best of Fuzzbox Reimagined, an album of re-recorded and reworked material from their back catalogue featuring guest spots from soul singer Melanie Williams and Happy Monday's official tour DJ Vince Vega. It was produced by Blockheads frontman, and producer of The Fall, Mike Bennett

Solo work
Fuzzbox lead singer Vix joined Ginger of the Wildhearts' supergroup Ginger & The Sonic Circus along with guitarist/ producer Jason Edwards (Wolfsbane), Jon Poole (The Wildhearts/Cardiacs) and Conny Bloom (Hanoi Rocks). They headlined the Gibson/MySpace stage at the 2006 Download festival and did several dates in the U.S and Japan as well as a couple of UK tours before The Wildhearts eventually reformed, putting further plans on hold.

Vix also released an 11 track album in 2008, LovePower and Peace on Damage Control Music. The album features nine original tracks along with re-workings of two Fuzzbox songs, "Your Loss, My Gain" and "You", and was co-written and produced by Robin George.

Vix recorded a further EP called "Seduction Songs" on Fierce Kitten Records with Robin George, Pete Haycock (Climax Blues Band), Mark Sheppard (the Offering), Mel Collins (Bryan Ferry/ King Crimson/ Meat Loaf), Jacquie Williams (Sister Sledge), Joy Shannon (Joy Shannon and the Beauty Marks, The Birmingham Women in Music and the LovePower & Peace Kids Choir in 2013).

Vix released a gospel-tinged pop single called "Believe Me" with the Offering in 2014.

ViX n The Kix/Vix & Her MsChiefs
ViX n The Kix was a musical project initiated in 2007 by Vix. Ruckus magazine described ViX n The Kix's music as "a retro lashing of slick Fifties glamour and flirty burlesque...alternates between fun, punk-inspired blasts of guitar-powered pop to lush, emotive ballads – influences taking in everything from No Doubt through Garbage to Roxy Music and The Pretenders." The project ended when Vix announced the reunion of Fuzzbox in 2010.

In late 2011, following the end of the first Fuzzbox reunion, Vix – temporarily reverting to her real name, Victoria Perks – announced the formation of her new Americana / New Country project, The Victoria Perks Band.

In 2014, she formed her current all-girl Americana band called ViX & her MsChiefs, releasing an EP.

Current

 * Vix (Victoria Perks) – vocalist (1985–present)
 * Firouzeh – vocalist (2023–present)
 * Maggie Dunne – keyboard, bass (1985–present)
 * Megan Burke – guitar (2015–present)
 * Sarit Black – bass (2015–present)
 * Hannah Layhe – drums (2015–present)

Former

 * Jo Dunne – guitar (1985–1990, 2010-2011)
 * Tina O'Neill – drums (1985–1990)
 * Sarah Firebrand – bass (2010–2011)
 * Karen Milne – drums (2010–2011)

Albums

 * Bostin' Steve Austin (1986), Vindaloo Records1
 * Big Bang! (1989), Warner Bros. - UK No. 5
 * We’ve Got a Fuzzbox and We’re Going to Use It – Reimagined/Reimagined Too: The Best of Fuzzbox Reimagined (2022), Pagster Music Via Gonzo Media2

1 Bostin' Steve Austin was released as We've Got a Fuzzbox and We're Gonna Use It in the US by Geffen Records in 1987. 2 An album of re-recorded songs from Fuzzbox's back catalogue

Compilations

 * Fuzz and Nonsense (2000), Cherry Red
 * Rules & Regulations to Pink Sunshine: Fuzzbox Story (2001), Cherry Red
 * Look at the Hits on That (2004), WSM
 * Love Is a Slug: Complete BBC Sessions (2005), Cherry Red

Singles and EPs

 * 1 Rules and Regulations also peaked at number 1 on UK Indie Chart
 * 2 "What's the Point" contains a cover of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody"
 * 3 "Your Loss My Gain" (limited release)


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Viktor Kingissepp

Viktor Eduard Kingissepp (Виктор Эдуардович Кингисепп; 24 March 1888 – 4 May 1922) was an Estonian communist politician, the leader of the Estonian Communist Party.

The son of a factory worker, he joined a Marxist circle as a schoolboy in Arensburg (now Kuressaare) (which was renamed Kingissepp in 1952, but was restored to its original Estonian name in 1988), and organised the Estonian section of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, in St Petersburg. During the war with Germany, he was put in charge of a medical train on the Western Front. After the February revolution, he returned to Petrograd (as St Petersburg was now named), and joined the Bolsheviks and the Red Guards. After the Bolshevik Revolution, he was deputy chairman of the Estonian Revolutionary Soviet in Reval (now Tallinn), but fled back to Petrograd after Estonia was occupied by the German army. He joined the Cheka, and in August 1918 carried out the arrest of Fanny Kaplan, who had shot and attempted to kill Lenin. He returned to Estonia in November 1918 to organise the banned Estonian Communist Party, and presided over its first congress in November 1920. He was arrested by the Estonian Political Police on 3 May 1922, after a mass May Day demonstration in Tallinn, and executed that same night.

Legacy
The Soviet Russian government renamed the town of Yamburg Kingisepp in his honour. The Estonian town of Kuressaare on Saaremaa island was also renamed Kingissepp to honour him. Many Estonian towns had their own Viktor Kingissepa tänav 'Viktor Kingissepp Street' during the Soviet era.

title: Viktor Kingissepp


text:
Parsons Green

Parsons Green is a mainly residential district in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The Green itself, which is roughly triangular, is bounded on two of its three sides by the New King's Road section of the King's Road, A308 road and Parsons Green Lane. The wider neighbourhood is bounded by the Harwood and Wandsworth Bridge Roads, A217 road to the east and Munster Road to the west, while the Fulham Road, A3219 road may be said to define its northern boundary. Its southern boundary is less clearly defined as it merges quickly and imperceptibly with the Sulivan Court Estate and Hurlingham.

At its historic centre lie two open spaces, the Green itself and Eel Brook Common. The name stems from the original village green, after the former residence of the rectors of Fulham Parish. It is one of the Conservation areas in Hammersmith and Fulham, that extends from the borough boundary in the east to Fulham High Street in the west.

History
Timber rights attached to the Green are mentioned in court rolls dating from 1391. In 1625 there were only six rated residents for the area. By 1706, John Bowack opined in his Antiquities of Middlesex that it "was inhabited mostly by gentry and persons of quality".

Two cricket matches were held on Parsons Green in 1731 and 1733, both between sides from Fulham and Chelsea.

In the 18th century, changes continued with the building of grand houses with grounds. These were bought by merchants and bankers from the City and not infrequently by members of the Court and their 'associations'. The area acquired a somewhat louche reputation at that time.

Fulham F.C. had their ground in the park for two years from 1889. Early in the 20th century, a few test flights were carried out there with flying machines.

Parsons Green is referred to in an early poem by Sir John Betjeman, The Varsity Students Rag, as a place where the poem's protagonist is said to have a "run-in" with a policeman.

On 15 September 2017, an explosion occurred on a London Underground train at Parsons Green, injuring 29 people. The improvised explosive device was placed in a bucket but did not fully detonate, with injuries being largely burn related. No fatalities were reported. An 18-year-old Iraqi refugee was arrested the next day at the Port of Dover. He was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum jail term of 34 years, having found to have been in contact with members of Islamic State.

Demographics
In 2018, the ward of Parsons Green & Walham had a population of 11,041 people. Parsons Green & Walham has the highest income of any ward in Hammersmith and Fulham, with an average gross household income of £63,700. The ward is 56.8 per cent White British and 25.4 per cent Other White, mainly consisting of EU citizens, Australasians and North Americans.

Houses of note

 * Holly Bush House – later 'East End', tenancy of Maria Fitzherbert, demolished 1884
 * Belfield House – home of Mrs Jordan, later part of Lady Margaret School
 * Elm House – also became part of Lady Margaret School
 * Henniker – later Park House, designed by Thomas Cubitt, demolished 1889
 * Aragon House
 * Gosford Lodge
 * Pitts Place terrace, including Albyn, Belgrave, Cradley, Rosslyn and Sefton

Notable residents of the Green

 * Sir William Butts (c.1486–1545) – physician to Henry VIII
 * John Mordaunt, 1st Earl of Peterborough at Peterborough House
 * Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough at Peterborough House
 * Sir John Powell (1645–1713) Baron of the Exchequer
 * Admiral Sir Charles Wager (1666–1743)
 * Samuel Richardson (1689–1761) – moved here from North End, Fulham
 * T. Crofton Croker (1798–1854) – Irish antiquary and writer on Fulham

Transport
Bus route 22 includes New King's Road and the area is also served by Parsons Green tube station on the District line.

title: Parsons Green


text:
Lloyd Barnes

Lloyd Barnes (born 1944 in Jamaica), popularly known as Bullwackie, is a reggae music producer and the founder of the independent record label Wackies, which specialized in Jamaican music.

Career
Barnes was a protégé of Prince Buster, and recorded several singles during the 1960s. Lloyd Barnes worked for Duke Reid's Treasure Isle label as an engineer as well as recording a number of singles in Jamaica, amongst them "Righteous Man" by Little Roy, later emigrating to The Bronx, New York, in the 1970s. Here he founded the Wackie's House Of Music record store, and behind this shop-front was the first significant reggae studio and label in the United States. The Bullwackie's and Wackies labels followed, along with other imprints such as Senrab, Hamma, and Senta.

Barnes also recorded the group Aksumites, including recordings by Andrew McCalla and Joe Aksumite, two of the group members who have recorded with him since the inception of Wackie's House of Music, and during the late 1970s and early 1980s he produced artists such as Horace Andy, Sugar Minott, Junior Byles, Roland Alphonso, Tyrone Evans, and Lee "Scratch" Perry. Later productions included work by Jackie Mittoo. Barnes also operated a sound system, which he used as an outlet for the Wackies recordings.

Barnes presently resides in the Wakefield neighborhood in the New York City borough of the Bronx, where he owns and operates a music studio.

title: Lloyd Barnes


text:
Otto Bayer

Otto Bayer (4 November 1902 – 1 August 1982) was a German industrial chemist at IG Farben who was head of the research group that in 1937 discovered the polyaddition for the synthesis of polyurethanes out of poly-isocyanate and polyol.

Bayer was not related to the founding family of Bayer Corp. Today polyurethanes are ubiquitous throughout modern life. He was a member of the board of directors and of the supervisory board of Bayer, and was also vice chairman of the supervisory board of Cassella in the 1950s.

Bayer was the 1975 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal. He was the 1974 recipient of the Carl-Dietrich-Harries-Medal for commendable scientific achievements.

title: Otto Bayer


text:
User:Tom Webb/Dark Room

This is where I will link photographs that I release to the commons

New Zealand Pictures

Papatoetoe

title: User:Tom Webb/Dark Room


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kay Fong

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY SPEEDIED, but not by me. -Splash 02:27, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Kay Fong
Slanderous / nonsense text An An 10:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete An An 10:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain. You probably should have left the article the way it was and then you should have nominated it for a speedy delete. DarthVader 10:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll do that next time. Sorry. An An 13:00, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete Guh --malathion talk 12:04, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Would the next admin reading this please speedy immediately - abusive, with personal contact details --Doc (?) 12:43, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Beaver River (New York)

The Beaver River is a small mountain stream which flows from the Adirondack Mountains to the Black River at Naumburg, north of Lowville in northwestern New York. The Beaver flows through parts of Hamilton, Herkimer, and Lewis counties. Its source is Lake Lila in Long Lake.

Owing to its high gradient as it drops out of the mountains, the Beaver is a favorite destination for whitewater kayakers and canoeists. In September of each year, hundreds of whitewater paddlers descend on the Beaver from all parts of the US and eastern Canada.

Also because of its high gradient, there are several hydropower projects along the Beaver's course. These projects, created between 1905 and 1920 have fostered a series of highly productive fisheries in the reservoir chain. Popular among locals, the Soft Maple Reservoir is an excellent Smallmouth Bass fishery.

The hamlet of Beaver River at the east end of Stillwater Reservoir, in the town of Webb has a year-round population of three that increases during the summer as many people have camps in this wilderness area. No roads lead to the hamlet; it is accessible only by hiking, rail car or boat in the summer and by snowmobile, snowshoes or cross country skis in the winter.

Fishing
The Beaver River is a true northern freshwater fishery, consisting of Northern Pike, Pickerel, Walleye, Smallmouth Bass, Bullhead, Catfish, Muskellenge, Carp, and Sunfish. Smallmouth Bass are a staple of the river, and it is not uncommon to catch a nice 20" bass anywhere is the upper reservoirs, particularly Effley and Soft Maple. Soft Maple Reservoir is the only place on the Beaver River that supports a population of Tiger Muskellenge, which are stocked on a periodic basis by the NYS DEC.

title: Beaver River (New York)


text:
Steinwiesen

Steinwiesen is a market town and municipality located in the Upper Franconian district of Kronach, in Bavaria, Germany. The town is situated about 100 km slightly east of due north of Nuremberg, and approximately 10 km northeast of Kronach. The main town is located in a valley, within the Franconian Forest Nature Park, and is known for its particularly scenic surroundings.

History
Steinwiesen is thought to have been founded in 1000 AD, and was first mentioned under the name ' Steinnigenwiesen ' in Urbar A of the Bamberg Collegiate Diocese in 1323 as part of a list of possessions and interests. Steinnigenwiesen held 9.5 fiefs and a mill. The name is derived from a translation referred to as a 'stony meadows'. In 1348, ' Steinwisen' was mentioned for the first time in Urbar B.

In 1386 ' Steinwiesen' is mentioned in a document as the first rafting village in Frankenwald (en: the Franconian forest). The oldest document in the possession of the community officially dates back to 1419, a fief letter from Bishop Albrecht von Wetheim for Cuntz Weydhawser concerning the tithe to Steinwiesen. The Kronach Kastenamts-Urbar of 1507 listed 45 houses and 7 cutting mills. These were the lower cutting mill at the Silberberg, at the Hader, the Schöpfenmühl, the upper grinding mill, the mill at the Steingründlein, Hirtensteg, and Wolfsgrube. At that time, the lords of the village were the Hochstift, Heinz von Redwitz, who owned five estates, and the Marschall von Ebneth with two estates.

Between 1653 and 1674, the village was hit by the plague on five occasions.

Steinwiesen was granted market privileges in April 1743 through Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim, bishop to Bamberg and Würzburg. The town remained within the Bishopric of Bamberg until 1802.

With the directive of April 1937, the governor of Bavaria, knight Franz of Epp lent the community of Steinwiesen the right to lead an own crest. The community flag with three strips in the sequence red-white-green was approved 1968 by the Bavarian Interior Ministry.

Notable people

 * Josef Müller, German Resistance member and founder of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria

title: Steinwiesen


text:
User:Gerrylangley

Gerry Langley is an Irish songwriter musician with a lot of his songs recorded by a lot of famous recording artistes ,including Sandie Shaw Val Doonican Tony Hadley Wayne Newton Claude Francois who wrote My Way The Guess Who Carmen mc Crae Brian Clough JJ Barrie and many more, he has also composed several soundtracks for major films including Witchfinder General Beautiful Creatures and Shalaco, Gerry's latest album The Streets of Belfast  is on sale at most retail outlets and  today Gerry is currently running his music company Langley Music

copyright langley music contact gerrylangley@hotmail.co.uk

title: User:Gerrylangley


text:
Yury Trutnev

Yury Petrovich Trutnev (Ю́рий Петро́вич Тру́тнев; born 1 March 1956) is a Russian politician who serves as a Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District since 2013. From 2004 to 2012, he served as Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment of Russia.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Local government
Trutnev was elected mayor of Perm in 1996 (achieving 61.42% support in the first round) and governor of the Perm Oblast in 2000 (51.48%).

Federal government
During his term as governor, Trutnev maintained a neutral stance towards the Kremlin administration.

In 2008 and 2009, Trutnev was officially named Russia's highest earning member of government. In April 2010, he reported an overall income of 155 million rubles ($5.34 million) for the past fiscal year, according to figures published by the government. President Dmitry Medvedev in 2008 obliged all government officials to publish their incomes and assets, in his drive to fight rampant corruption. However, the figures do not explain how money was earned.

On 31 August 2013 he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District in the First Medvedev Cabinet. He was re-appointed to this office on 18 May 2018 with the Second Medvedev Cabinet, and again on 21 January 2020 with the Mishustin Cabinet.

Defence of seal clubs
Russia made headlines worldwide when, on 18 March 2010, it announced that it would ban the killing of seals less than a year old, effectively ending one of the biggest kills of harp seals in the world. Yury Trutnev called the seal slaughter "bloody", and remarked that the killing of defenceless animals can't be deemed a "hunt".

Sanctions
In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 6 April 2022 the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Trutnev to its list of persons sanctioned pursuant to.

Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.

title: Yury Trutnev


text: Category:Mildura

title: Category:Mildura


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LCR

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:40, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

LCR
Advertising for NN nightclub. smoddy 10:28, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Not notable. DarthVader 11:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - it's worth mentioning, but not on its own page. Any info can easily be incorporated into the main University of East Anglia piece. Angmering 12:43, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. --Several Times 14:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Dont delete - its a factual page about my Uni club - Matt Riley
 * "Probably one of the best nights out you will ever have out." is not factual. Neither is "Definatly worth a visit!".  If you can write about it on the University of East Anglia piece without all the promotion, maybe this material will be worth keeping around.  --Several Times 15:59, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete promo for a nn student club. JamesBurns 03:01, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete LCR is a common phrase in electronics design indicating inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R). These are commonly used in combinations to form filter networks. It is a common topic to those who understand filters and a common question for those who do not. This page could serve a possibly more widespread and diverse audience by addressing this topic instead of the university club it currently references.[[User:AB|AB] 03:01, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LCR


text:
Wackie's

Wackies is an American independent record label specialized in reggae and dub music. Lloyd Barnes founded the label in 1976, and it is possibly the longest-running American recording studio for reggae.

History
Wackie's is run by Lloyd "Bullwackie" Barnes, who was born in Trench Town, Jamaica, and moved to New York in 1967. He worked construction and bought the equipment for the studio at the nearby Sam Ash store. He started his studio at 4781 White Plains Road in The Bronx, as one of the earliest reggae studios in the country, with a record store named Wackie's House of Music nextdoor. Low on money, he had to be technically resourceful; his recording techniques added to the distinct quality of the sound.

Barnes recorded upcoming and lesser-known artists, with a backing band called Wackie's Rhythm Force. One artists who released all his work on Wackies was Noel Delahaye, a roots reggae singer who released three albums. In 1979, Barnes recorded Solid C., Bobby D. and Kool Drop's "Wack Rap", an early hip-hop single. By that time, Barnes was recording established artists, including Johnny Osbourne, Wayne Jarrett, and Leroy Sibbles (after he left the Heptones). The label also released songs by Horace Andy and others that are now considered classics. Jamaican musician Milton Henry moved to New York in 1976 and worked for Wackie's, and recorded his first album there, Who Do You Think I Am (1985).

In the 1980s the White Plains Road building was sold, and Wackie's moved to Englewood, New Jersey, and around 1998 (when Barnes returned from a lengthy period in Jamaica) moved back, to Boston Road in the Bronx.

Wackie's sound
Wackie's record releases have a distinctive lo-fi sound.

Re-issue and legacy
Most if not all of the original (1970s and 1980s) Wackies recorded releases are out-of-print and in demand among reggae music collectors. Germans Moritz Von Oswald and Mark Ernestus, passionate devotees of the label's sound, have undertaken an extensive and ongoing 12" and LP re-issue campaign for the label through an exclusive imprint in the Basic Channel record label family, bearing the Wackies logo and label design. To date, the imprint has put out work from artists such as Horace Andy, Jerry Harris, Wayne Jarrett, Love Joys, The Meditations, and Sugar Minott, as well as several strictly dub releases by Wackies-sponsored bands.

Christopher Coy directed a documentary on Wackie's in 1986, Bullwackie. In 2013, Supreme skategear released a series of Wackie's-inspired t-shirts and other items.

title: Wackie's


text:
User talk:CaptainNiggo

welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! pamri 10:33, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:CaptainNiggo


text:
Talk:Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995)

Fair use rationale for Image:DLV.jpg
Image:DLV.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:57, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DLV.jpg
Image:DLV.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:00, 2 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
The Bitter Withy

The Bitter Withy or Mary Mild (Roud #452) is an English folk song reflecting an unusual and apocryphal vernacular idea of Jesus Christ. The withy of the title is the Willow and the song gives an explanation as to why the willow tree rots from the centre out, rather than the outside in. The song was recorded by The Kingston Trio on their album The Last Month of the Year. English folk artist John Tams recorded the song on his album The Reckoning (2005; won 2006 the BBC Radio 2 Folk Award for the 'Best Album') and is contained in The Definitive Collection (2007) also.

Lyrics

 * As it fell out on a holy day,
 * The drops of rain did fall, did fall,
 * Our Saviour asked leave of His mother, Mary,
 * If He might go play at ball.

 * “To play at ball, my own dear Son,
 * It’s time you was going or gone, or gone,
 * But be sure let me hear no complaint of you,
 * At night when you do come home.”

 * It was upling scorn and downling scorn!
 * Oh, there He met three jolly jerdins
 * Oh, there He asked the three jolly jerkins
 * If they would go play at ball.

 * “Oh, we are lords’ and ladies’ sons,
 * Born in bower or in hall, in hall.
 * And you are but some poor maid's child
 * Born in an ox's stall.”

 * “Oh, if you are lords’ and ladies’ sons,
 * Born in bower or in hall, in hall.
 * Then at the very last I’ll make it appear
 * That I am above you all.”

 * Our Saviour built a bridge with the beams of the sun,
 * And over He gone, He gone He;
 * And after followed the three jolly jerdins,
 * And drownded they were all three.

 * It was up the hill and down the hill!
 * The mothers of them did whoop and call,
 * Crying out: “Mary mild, call home your child,
 * For ours are drownded all!”

 * Mary mild, Mary mild called home her Child,
 * And laid our Saviour across her knee,
 * And with a whole handful of bitter withy
 * She gave Him slashes three.

 * Then He says to His Mother: “Oh, the withy! Oh, the withy!
 * The bitter withy that causes me to smart, to smart,
 * Oh, the withy, it shall be the very first tree
 * That perishes at the heart!”

title: The Bitter Withy


text:
Jens

Jens may refer to:

 * Jens (given name), a list of people with the name
 * Jens (surname), a list of people
 * Jens, Switzerland, a municipality
 * 1719 Jens, an asteroid

title: Jens


text:
Władysław Kozakiewicz

Władysław Kozakiewicz (born 8 December 1953) is a retired Polish athlete who specialised in the pole vault. He is best known for winning the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow and the bras d'honneur gesture which he showed to the hostile Soviet crowd. In Poland, where the gesture was viewed as a symbol of resistance against Soviet dominance, it became known as "Kozakiewicz's gesture" (gest Kozakiewicza). In addition, he won several medals at continental level, won two Summer Universiades and broke the pole vault world record three times, twice outdoors and once indoors. He is also a ten-time Polish champion.

Early years
Kozakiewicz was born on 8 December 1953 to a Polish family in Šalčininkai, Lithuanian SSR, near Vilnius as the fourth and youngest of four siblings. His father Stanisław was a tailor, his mother Franciszka a housewife. As he revealed in his 2013 autobiography, he was physically abused by his father during his childhood as was his entire family. The family moved to Poland in 1958 as part of the last wave of the post-war repatriations of Poles living in the Soviet Union, first staying in a refugee camp in Gryfice before settling in Gdynia where Władysław's father found a job as a dockworker.

Athletics career
Władysław's older brother Edward (b. 1948) was an aspiring pole vaulter (later switched to decathlon) at the local club, Bałtyk Gdynia, and one day in 1966 encouraged his then 13-year-old brother to also give athletics a try. He showed his brother how to pole vault and Władysław's talent was soon noticed by Walenty Wejman who became his first coach. In 1972 Władysław Kozakiewicz broke Polish junior records both indoors and out, also breaking the 5 metres barrier for the first time. A year later, after changing the coach to Ryszard Tomaszewski, he broke the Polish senior record with 5.35 metres and made his major international debut taking silver at the 1974 European Championships in Rome. In 1975 at the European Indoor Championships in Katowice, he won a bronze medal and later in the season at the Janusz Kusociński Memorial he jumped 5.60 metres setting a new European record.

The dominant years
At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Kozakiewicz was one of the favourites for the gold but the Olympic debut ended in a disappointment. During a warm-up jump before the final, he ruptured his joint capsule and was later only able to clear 5.25 metres which gave him the 11th place. The competition was won by his unheralded compatriot, Tadeusz Ślusarski. Kozakiewicz was able to return to competition just three weeks after Montreal. Soon after, however, he was disqualified by the Polish Athletic Association (PZLA) for competing in the shoes of the Japanese manufacturer Onitsuka Tiger, with which he signed a contract a year earlier, instead of Adidas, which was then the official sponsor of the federation. This resulted in Kozakiewicz being barred from competing abroad for six months and marked the beginning of a series of disputes with the national federation and bans for insubordination.

The disqualification was eventually shortened so that Kozakiewicz could compete at the 1977 European Indoor Championships in San Sebastián which he won in a new championships record of 5.51 metres. This started a very successful season in which he, among others, won the Summer Universiade in Sofia and set a new European record of 5.66 metres in the European Cup semifinal in Warsaw. In the entire year he suffered only one loss, at the 1977 World Cup, where, representing Europe, he came second behind the American Mike Tully.

The next season while again full of victories at various meetings, saw Kozakiewicz narrowly missing out on medals at two major international competitions. First he came fifth at the 1978 European Indoor Championships in Milan, and then, affected by an illness, fourth at the 1978 European Championships in Prague. The latter performance was deemed a big loss by the federation and he was handed another half-year disqualification.

In 1979 Kozakiewicz won the European Indoor Championships in Vienna, his second gold at this competition, improving the indoor European record to 5.58 metres. He later won the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City where at altitude he jumped 5.60 metres.

The 1980 season did not start very well as he finished only fourth at the 1980 European Indoor Championships in Sindelfingen, West Germany, the competition won by the Soviet Konstantin Volkov, who would be Kozakiewicz's main rival at the upcoming Moscow Olympics. However, in May that year at a meeting in Milan, Kozakiewicz for the first time in his career broke the world record with a mark of 5.72 metres. The record was later that summer bettered by two Frenchmen, first Thierry Vigneron added three centimetres to it and then Philippe Houvion another two, setting it at 5.77 metres.

Olympic gold and Kozakiewicz's gesture
The sporting level in the Olympic final which took place on 30 July 1980 at the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow, was significantly higher than four years earlier with no less than six athletes jumping higher than the previous Olympic record. The atmosphere at the stadium, however, as it was for the entire games was very hostile with the local Soviet crowd booing, hissing, and whistling at every non-Soviet competitor's attempt. Soviet officials even tried to disrupt Kozakiewicz by opening doors to the stadium during his jumps so wind conditions would disturb him.

This irritated Kozakiewicz who, after jumping 5.70 metres, higher than any other competitor that day, showed the bras d'honneur gesture in defiance to the jeering spectators. He then repeated the gesture after clearing 5.75 metres which ensured his victory over the local favourite, Konstantin Volkov. He finally confirmed his dominance over the competition by breaking the world record with 5.78 meters. This was the first time since 1920 that the world record in pole vault was broken at the Olympic Games.

The photos of the incident circled the globe, with the exception of the Soviet Union and its satellites, although the event was broadcast live on TV in many countries of the Eastern Bloc. While international observers varied in their reaction to the incident, Kozakiewicz's act received much support in Polish society, which resented Soviet control over Eastern Europe (Poland was in the midst of labour strikes that led to the creation of the labour union Solidarity less than two months later). After the 1980 Olympics ended, the Soviet ambassador to Poland demanded that Kozakiewicz be stripped of his medal over his "insult to the Soviet people". The official response of the Polish government was that Kozakiewicz's arm gesture had been an involuntary muscle spasm caused by his exertion.

In an interview years later, Kozakiewicz gave his thoughts about the incident:

The Russian crowd was whistling... at any non-Russian contestant. They were whistling to distract us, you can only imagine the noise: 70,000 people at the Luzhniki Stadium, probably only 10,000 of them were tourists.

It occurred to me that I'm the only person in the world who got whistled at for breaking the world record. So when I landed, I showed them this 'Polish shaft', the nicest one you can imagine. I expressed my anger at the whistling Soviet audience; nobody whistles in athletics. If you take a look at TV broadcasts, you find that people either clap rhythmically when they feel like it, or simply sit quietly.

After Moscow
In 1982, struggling to get into form after splitting from his long-time coach Ryszard Tomaszewski, Kozakiewicz won what would be his last medal for Poland, a bronze at the 1982 European Indoor Championships in Milan. In the summer, he decided to skip the outdoor European Championships citing poor form, for which he received another 6-month disqualification from PZLA. The following 1983 season did not begin well for Kozakiewicz as he finished only 9th at the 1983 European Indoor Championships in Budapest. After that poor showing he reunited with coach Tomaszewski and tried to build form for the 1983 World Championships in Helsinki. He eventually finished eighth in that event clearing 5.40 metres. In the Olympic year of 1984, Kozakiewicz jumped much better reaching 5.75 metres in July. However, due to a Soviet-led boycott of the Los Angeles Olympics most athletes from the Eastern bloc could not compete in the Games. Instead, an alternative event was organised for the socialist countries, the Friendship Games, with men's athletics being contested in Moscow. Kozakiewicz, not willing to take part in what he saw as a farcical event, took only one successful attempt at 5.40 metres before feigning an injury and calling it quits. His performance angered the Polish federation which demanded that he immediately return to Poland from a meeting in Brussels in which he took part soon after the Friendship Games and after he refused he was disqualified again.

Defection to West Germany
Even after his disqualification ended in 1985, Kozakiewicz was not allowed to participate in meetings abroad unless he jumped 5.70 metres. Given he was recovering from a knee surgery this did not seem realistic and not being able to support his family he decided to flee Poland. He last competed for his native country in April in São Paulo and in July 1985 he defected to West Germany. A move which was intended to be a temporary means to earn some money before retiring would later turn out to be permanent. He based himself in Hannover, and joined a local club where he also became a pole vaulting coach. In May 1986 Kozakiewicz gained West German citizenship as his wife's grandparents were born in Germany. Soon after he set a new West German record of 5.70 metres which lasted until 1994. In 1988 Kozakiewicz jumped 5.62 metres, the standard for the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, however, according to the rules, the Polish federation had to give him permission to compete for a new country at the Olympics, which it did not. Kozakiewicz retired from professional athletics in 1989.

After athletics
In the 1980s and 1990s apart from training young talents, he also worked as a manager for many professional athletes, mostly from the former Soviet Union. Between 1998 and 2002 he was a member of the Gdynia city council. In 2011, he ran unsuccessfully for the Polish parliament from the lists of the Polish People's Party.

Personal life
Since 1977 he has been married to Anna Kozakiewicz, a former swimmer. They have two daughters Katarzyna (b. 1979) and Małgorzata (b. 1983). In December 1986, he settled in Bissendorf, Lower Saxony, northwestern Germany, where he lives to this day.

Season bests

 * 1969 – 3.85
 * 1971 – 4.65
 * 1972 – 5.02
 * 1973 – 5.35
 * 1974 – 5.38
 * 1975 – 5.60
 * 1976 – 5.62
 * 1977 – 5.66
 * 1978 – 5.62
 * 1979 – 5.61
 * 1980 – 5.78
 * 1981 – 5.62
 * 1982 – 5.60
 * 1983 – 5.62
 * 1984 – 5.70
 * 1985 – 5.55i
 * 1986 – 5.70
 * 1987 – 5.65
 * 1988 – 5.55
 * 1989 – 5.50

title: Władysław Kozakiewicz


text:
User talk:ChoobWriter

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title: User talk:ChoobWriter


text:
Barbadian nationality law

Barbadian nationality law is regulated by 1966 Constitution of Barbados, as amended; the Barbados Citizenship Act, as amended; and various British Nationality laws. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Barbados. Barbadian nationality is typically obtained under the rules of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth to a father or in some cases, a mother, with Barbadian nationality. It can also be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation. There is currently no program in Barbados for citizenship by investment, though they do have a special work visa program. Nationality establishes one's international identity as a member of a sovereign nation. Though it is not synonymous with citizenship, rights granted under domestic law for domestic purposes, the United Kingdom, and thus the Commonwealth, has traditionally used the words interchangeably.

Acquiring Barbadian nationality
Barbadians may acquire nationality through birth, naturalisation, or registration.

By birth
Birthright nationality applies to:
 * Persons who were nationals of Britain (Citizens of the UK and Colonies) or were naturalised or registered in Barbados at the time of independence;
 * Persons born within the territory after 29 November 1966 to at least one Barbadian parent, which is interpreted to include a mother only, in the case of illegitimacy, as long as the parents were not immune from legal processes, or an enemy alien;
 * Persons legitimately born abroad after 29 November 1966 to a father who was born in Barbados; or if illegitimate to a Barbadian-born mother; or
 * Persons born upon an aircraft or ship which is registered in Barbados or an unregistered aircraft or ship belonging to the government.

By registration
Nationality by registration includes those who have familial or historic relationship affiliations with Barbados. Persons who acquire nationality by registration include:

 * Foundlings who have always been stateless and were born in the territory;
 * Adoptees at the issuance of an adoption order for a minor, but if it is a joint adoption, the child can only derive nationality from the father;
 * Persons who before 30 November 1966 were Commonwealth nationals and who had lived in Barbados for seven years;
 * Persons who are nationals of other Commonwealth countries or Ireland and who have lived in Barbados or worked in government service for at least five years;
 * Women who were married to a national who acquired nationality at the time of independence, or but for death would have acquired nationality, upon taking an Oath of Allegiance;
 * Post-independence, the wife of a national who acquired nationality after independence, provided she resides with her husband and takes an Oath of Allegiance; or
 * Minor children of any national, at the discretion of the Minister for Immigration.

By naturalisation
Ordinary naturalisation in Barbados can be obtained by adult persons of legal capacity, who in the 12 months prior to submitting an application resided in the territory, are of good character, and intend to be a resident of the territory. Residency of a minimum of five years is required. Applicants petition the Minister for Immigration, who evaluates whether the general criteria are met and whether the applicant poses a threat to national security or public policy. Upon approval, applicants must take an Oath of Allegiance.

Loss of nationality
Barbados allows its nationals to voluntarily renounce their nationality if they are possessed of 21 years of age and legal capacity. They must verify that they have other nationality, which is not derived from a country in a state of war with Barbados. Renunciation may not be allowed if such action would pose a threat to the nation. Nationals may be deprived of their status through acts of treason or disloyalty, criminal offences, fraud in a naturalisation application, or performing services for a foreign military or government.

Dual nationality
The constitution of 1966 recognised dual nationality.

Colonial period (1536–1966)
The indigenous Arawak and Carib peoples had disappeared from the island when the Portuguese sailor, Pedro a Campos, landed on Barbados in 1536. British sailors claimed to have landed there in 1620, but it was not claimed by England until 1625. In Britain, allegiance, in which subjects pledged to support a monarch, was the precursor to the modern concept of nationality. The Crown recognised from 1350 that all persons born within the territories of the British Empire were subjects. Those born outside the realm – except children of those serving in an official post abroad, children of the monarch, and children born on a British sailing vessel – were considered by common law to be foreigners. Marriage did not affect the status of a subject of the realm. In 1627, eighty settlers and ten slaves, led by William Courten, established a colony on the leeward side of the island. During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the royal patent which had been issued by Charles I was suspended in 1652, when Oliver Cromwell's forces took control of the island. Upon restoration of the monarchy the patent holders agreed to exchange their patent, in 1660, for an entitlement to export fees, and Barbados passed into the realm of the crown.

Unlike other colonial powers with slave societies in the Caribbean, the British did not have a single slave code. Each British colony was allowed to establish its own rules about the slave trade, and a code was established for Barbados in 1661. The highly stratified society, separated by race, was significantly further divided by class distinctions with landowning elites dominating power structures. By the late 18th century, the cultural model included in descending power, British Europeans; other Europeans; Euro-creole, people of European descent born on the island; free coloured persons; Afro-creole, people of African descent who were born and acculturated in Barbados; and recently arrived Africans. Married women were subjugated to the authority of their husbands under coverture, and the law was structured to maintain social hierarchies by regulating familial matters like, who could marry, legitimacy, and inheritance. Children in slave societies followed the status of the mother, thus if she was free her children would be free or if she was in bondage, her children would also be bound.

Other than common law, there was no standard statutory law which applied for subjects throughout the realm, meaning different jurisdictions created their own legislation for local conditions, which often conflicted with the laws in other jurisdictions in the empire. Nationality laws passed by the British Parliament were extended only to the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1807, the British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act, barring the Atlantic slave trade in the empire. The Act did not abolish slavery, which did not end until the 1833 Emancipation Act went into effect in 1834. Under its terms, slaves were converted into apprentices and remained bound to their former owners for four years if they had worked in the home and for six years if they had been field labourers. The system was difficult to administer and apprenticeship for all former slaves ended in Barbados in 1838. Though free, there was never a British plan to give former slaves a voice in Parliament, leaving them as British subjects in a highly stratified system of rights. Denied political and economic rights, former slaves were not entitled to formal recognition as nationals by other nations.

In 1911, at the Imperial Conference a decision was made to draft a common nationality code for use across the empire. The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 allowed local jurisdictions in the self-governing Dominions to continue regulating nationality in their territories, but also established an imperial nationality scheme throughout the realm. The uniform law, which went into effect on 1 January 1915, required a married woman to derive her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she. It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British and provided that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalisation without meeting a residency requirement. The statute reiterated common law provisions for natural-born persons born within the realm on or after the effective date. By using the word person, the statute nullified legitimacy requirements for jus soli nationals. For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and could only be derived by a child from a British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalised. Naturalisations required five years residence or service to the crown.

Amendments were enacted in 1918, 1922, 1933 and 1943 changing derivative nationality by descent and modifying slightly provisions for women to lose their nationality upon marriage. Because of a rise in statelessness, a woman who did not automatically acquire her husband's nationality upon marriage or upon his naturalisation in another country, did not lose their British status after 1933. The 1943 revision allowed a child born abroad at any time to be a British national by descent if the Secretary of State agreed to register the birth. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948 British nationals in Barbados were reclassified at that time as "Citizens of the UK and Colonies" (CUKC). The basic British nationality scheme did not change overmuch, and typically those who were previously defined as British remained the same. Changes included that wives and children no longer automatically acquired the status of the husband or father, children who acquired nationality by descent no longer were required to make a retention declaration, and registrations for children born abroad were extended.

In 1958, Barbados joined the West Indies Federation. The federation, which included Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, and Trinidad and Tobago, was typically seen by its supporters as a means to use a federal structure to gain national independence and eventual recognition as a Dominion. The federation was unable to develop a unified nationality scheme, as member states tended to identify with their specific island, rather than by region. Jamaica withdrew from the federation in 1961 and that year Barbados became self-governing. Despite attempts by Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago to keep the federation together, it collapsed in 1962. Statutes passed by the Barbadian parliament after 1960, transformed the economy, earning the country the confidence of the international monetary market. The political and financial stability of the nation, led to an Independence Conference with the British government and Barbados gaining full independence as of 30 November 1966.

Post-independence (1966–present)
Generally, persons who had previously been nationals as defined under the classification of "Citizens of the UK and Colonies", in the 1948 Nationality Act, would become nationals of Barbados on Independence Day. Exceptions were made for persons to retain their British nationality and status if they (or their father or grandfather) were born, naturalised, or registered in a part of the realm which remained on 1 November part of the United Kingdom or colonies, had been annexed by such a place, or was a British protectorate. Divergences from the 1948 Act included that CUKCs by descent only acquired Barbadian nationality if their father was born in Barbados and that women retained or lost their Barbadian nationality based upon their spouse's status and were prohibited from maintaining British status as registered wives, if their spouse lost his CUKC status. From independence forward, women who married Barbadian men could choose to register for Barbadian nationality.

Both the Constitution of 1966 and the 1966 Citizenship Act made distinctions between legitimate and illegitimate children. In 1979, the Status of Children Reform Act eliminated the common law status of illegitimacy for children born after 1 January 1980. Other changes enacted, like the Domicile Reform Act 1980, giving married women the choice of where they lived; Income Tax Amendment Act 1980, granting women separate tax assessment; and Married Persons Act 1980, allowing married women to acquire property and bring suit by her own right for her property, removed gendered legal inequalities that still existed under coverture in Barbadian law. The Domicile reform had implications for nationality as it no longer required married women to have the same permanent residence as their spouse. Constitutional amendments in 2000 removed some of the gendered provisions; however, as of 2017, gender imbalances in the Constitution were still present and neither the amendment of 2019 nor 2020 rectified nationality inequality. Barbados Minister of Home Affairs, Edmund Hinkson announced in 2020 that proposals to reform the Immigration Act were being drafted and should be considered by Parliament in 2021. The ideas under discussion would broaden eligibility for nationality through descent to grand parents and great-grandparents, change length of residency requirements, and provide provisions for broader acquisition of permanent residency.

title: Barbadian nationality law


text:
Talk:Clyde Tunnel

Untitled

 * The tunnels are each 762 metres (2,500 feet) long with a gradient approaching 6 degrees or 1:16.

Someone miscalculated here. A gradient of 6° is 10.5% or 1:9.5, while a 1:16 gradient is just 3.6°. As I cannot judge what the correct number is, I removed the bit about the gradient altogether. —Herbee 10:42, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * My mistake. I double checked my source and it's 6%, not 6 degrees, which is around 1:16. I've made the correction. --Erath 16:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Huh?
What the hell is a "snarlup"? Don't use a local colloquialism without linking to an article or a wiktionary entry... --Buddy13 (talk) 07:42, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Press Play & Run podcast
The press play and run team held a social run in Glasgow November 2023 taking a large group through the southbound tunnel. 2A02:C7E:5A42:5700:48BE:3294:A17C:3743 (talk) 08:05, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clyde Tunnel


text:
User talk:Yaheloo

Dear Sir or Madam,

We are from PT. SOC BATAM (INDONESIA). We would like to request more information for this Emulsifier. Is it hazard for containmation when this chemical Emulsifier were apply at the electricity components. (eg. The handglove make from Emulsifier chemical and we using for screening the electronic components).

We kindly to hear further information.

Thanks and regards

title: User talk:Yaheloo


text:
African Party for the Independence of the Masses

African Party for Independence of the Masses (in French: Parti Africain pour l'Indépendance des Masses) is a black nationalist political party in Senegal. It was legally registered in July 1982. PAIM publishes Nation Africaine.

PAIM favours a form of direct participative democracy.

In spite of its name, PAIM shares no organic link with PAI. Unlike PAI, PAIM is a non-Marxist party.


text:
File:LangelyGreenJug.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Windsor Green jug. c.1959

205mm high with widely flared top.

title: File:LangelyGreenJug.jpg


text:
Jiordan Tolli

Jiordan Anna Tolli (born 17 June 1994) is an Australian actress and singer, known for playing the role of Lolly Allen in the Australian soap opera Neighbours. In 2013, Tolli competed in the fifth season of The X Factor Australia and reached the top five.

Early life
Jiordan Anna Tolli was born in 1994 to parents Luke and Vanda. Her cousin, Fabio Tolli, was married to her former Neighbours co-star Kym Valentine, who played Libby Kennedy. Prior to entering The X Factor, she performed in a lot of musical theatre.

Career
Tolli was cast in the role of Louise "Lolly" Carpenter in the long-running soap opera Neighbours when she was two months old. Her parents had answered a casting call put out by Jan Russ for a baby to play the role of Tom Oliver (Lou Carpenter) and Caroline Gillmer's (Cheryl Stark) on-screen daughter. After seven years of playing Lolly, Tolli left Neighbours in 2001 to focus on her schooling. Tolli's mother said it was "the right time" for her daughter to leave and the producers agreed.

Tolli has appeared in numerous advertisements and has done some modelling work. In 2011, Tolli made a guest appearance in the third series of Tangle. She will appear as Caitlyn in the upcoming film Is This The Real world. starring Sean Keenan and Charlotte Best. In August 2013, it was confirmed that Tolli would be making a one-off appearance in Neighbours as Lolly to celebrate Lou's 70th birthday. As she had spent a large portion of her childhood on the show, Tolli said she was comfortable returning to the set to film her scenes. Tolli appeared during the episode broadcast on 4 October 2013.

The X Factor Australia
In 2013, Tolli auditioned for the fifth season of The X Factor Australia with Birdy's version of "People Help the People". She commented that her time on Neighbours helped calm her nerves. Tolli advanced to the super bootcamp stage of the competition. On the first day of super bootcamp, Tolli sang a rendition of "Pumped Up Kicks" by Foster The People and advanced to the second stage of super bootcamp, where she sang "Last Request" by Paulo Nutini. On the final day of super bootcamp, Tolli performed "Running Up That Hill" by Kate Bush to the judges and a live audience of one thousand. She then advanced to the home visits stage and was put into the Girls category, which was mentored by Redfoo. At the home visits, Tolli sang "Bizarre Love Triangle" by Frente! for Redfoo and his assistant will.i.am and advanced to the live shows. During the first week of the live shows, Tolli sang "Smile" by Lily Allen and she advanced to the second week, where she sang Michael Jackson's "Thriller". On 10 September, Tolli's performance of "Thriller" debuted at number sixty-three on the ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Tolli's first single to debut on a national chart.

In week five of the live shows, Tolli fell into the bottom two alongside Joelle Hadjia but was saved after judges Ronan Keating, Natalie Bassingthwaighte and Dannii Minogue all opted to eliminate Hadjia. Following the eliminations of Hadjia and Ellie Lovegrove, Tolli became the only remaining contestant in the Girls category. In week seven of the live shows, Tolli fell into the bottom two alongside Omar Dean but was saved via deadlock. Tolli's performance of Lorde's "Royals" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number eighty-one. In week eight of the live shows, Tolli fell into the bottom two alongside Third Degree. The judges vote went to deadlock, and Tolli was eliminated after it was revealed she received the fewest votes. She placed fifth overall in the competition. Tolli appeared on Sunrise on 21 October 2013, as a guest reporter doing a segment on the backstage drama of The X Factor. In November 2013, she embarked on The X Factor Live Tour across Australia with Third Degree, Taylor Henderson, Dami Im and Jai Waetford.

Performances on The X Factor
denotes having entered the ARIA Singles Chart. denotes having been in the bottom two. denotes having been eliminated.

2014: Debut EP, In Transit
On 4 April 2014, Tolli performed at the Revesby Workers Club in Revesby, New South Wales, as part of the Best of Tour with fellow X Factor contestants Kelebek and Omar Dean and The Voice Australia contestant Michael Stangel. On 4 September 2014, Tolli uploaded two new original songs "Further" and "Hesitate" onto Triple J Unearthed. The response from her fans was extremely positive, with both songs receiving a high rating and "Further" charting at number seventy-six. Tolli announced that she is working on her debut EP, with producer Andrew Lowden. It was released on 19 October 2015 and called In Transit.

Artistry
Tolli cites Birdy, Lorde, Lana Del Rey, Jewel, Johnny Cash and Norah Jones as her musical influences, as well as contemporaries such as The xx, The Jezabels, Angus and Julia Stone and Radiohead as her musical influences. In an interview with Pop Sugar, Tolli was asked about which of her X Factor performances represented the musical direction she wanted to go in. She stated that it was her performances of Lana Del Rey's "Young and Beautiful", Lorde's "Royals" and Rihanna's "Stay".

Concert tours

 * The X Factor Live Tour (2013)
 * The Best of Tour (2014)

title: Jiordan Tolli


text:
International Naturist Federation

The International Naturist Federation (INF) or Fédération naturiste internationale (FNI) or Internationalen Naturisten Föderation (INF) is the global umbrella organisation representing official national naturist societies.

Membership
The INF is made up of representatives of national naturist organisations. The rules of the federation limit membership to one national society. To by-pass this rule, the French and English-speaking Canadian societies formed a partnership for the purpose of participating in the INF.

Some federations have independent youth organisations which are currently not affiliated to the INF directly. On European level, youth representatives (European Naturist Youth – ENY) have elected a Youth committee to speak towards the INF and the European Naturist Assembly (EuNat). Its task is to coordinate events and promote communication and exchange between young naturists.

The rules of INF provide for direct membership in the INF if there is no affiliated national naturist organisation in the country of residence.

Affiliated national organisations
The INF currently represents the following organisations:

Africa

 * South Africa – South African National Naturist Association

Asia

 * India – Indian Naturist Federation
 * Israel – עמותה ישראלית לנטוריזם (Israel Naturist Society)
 * Taiwan – Taiwan Naturist Society
 * Thailand – เนเชอริสท์ แอสโซซิเอชั่น ไทยแลนด์ (Naturist Association Thailand)

Europe

 * Austria – Österreichischer Naturistenverband
 * Belgium – Federatie van Belgische Naturisten / Fédération Belge de Naturisme
 * Bulgaria – Union der Naturisten in Bulgarien (Съюз на нудисти в България, Sajuz na nudisti v Balgarija)
 * Croatia – Drustvo Naturista Hrvatske
 * Czech Republic – Českomoravská federace naturistů (Czech-Moravian Federation of Naturists)
 * Denmark – Dansk Naturist Union
 * Finland – Suomen Naturistiliitto ry
 * France – Fédération française de naturisme (in French)
 * Germany – Deutscher Verband für Freikörperkultur (DFK) (German Association for Free Body Culture)
 * Greece – Ελλήνων Γυμνιστών-Φυσιολατρών "Γυμνοκρατία"
 * Hungary – Naturisták Magyarországi Szövetsége (NAMASZ) (Federation of Naturists in Hungary, FENHU)
 * Ireland – Irish Naturist Association
 * Italy – Federazione Naturista Italiana
 * Lithuania – Korespondentas Lietuvoje (correspondent in Lithuania)
 * Luxembourg – Fédération Luxembourgeoise de Naturisme
 * Netherlands – Naturisten Federatie Nederland (in Dutch) (NFN)
 * Norway – Norsk Naturistforbund
 * Poland – Federacja Naturystów Polskich
 * Portugal – Federação Portuguesa de Naturismo
 * Romania - Asociatia RoNaturism
 * Russia – Федерация натуристов "Телорд" (Federacija naturistov "Telord")
 * Serbia – Naturisticka Ogranizacija Srbije (Naturist Organisation of Serbia, SRB)
 * Spain – Federación Española de Naturismo
 * Slovakia – Asociácia slovenských naturistov (ASN)
 * Slovenia – Zveza Drustev Naturistov Slovenije
 * Sweden – Sveriges Naturistförbund
 * Switzerland – Union Naturiste Suisse/Schweizer Naturisten Union/Unione Naturista
 * United Kingdom – British Naturism formerly Central Council for British Naturism

North America

 * Canada – Union of the Quebec and Canadian Naturist Federations / Union des Fédérrations Québécoise et Canadienne de Naturisme (Canadian union of Federation of Canadian Naturists (FCN) and Fédération Québécoise de Naturisme (FQN))
 * Dominican Republic – Union naturista de republica Dominiciana
 * Mexico – Federacion Nudista de México
 * United States – None (since the September 2010 withdrawal of the American Association for Nude Recreation)

South America

 * Argentina – Espacio de Encuentro Naturista
 * Brazil – Federação Brasileira de Naturismo
 * Chile – Agrupación Naturista de Chile (ANACHI)
 * Uruguay – Asociación Uruguaya Nudista Naturista

Australia/Oceania

 * Australia – Australian Naturist Federation
 * New Zealand – The New Zealand Naturist Federation Inc. rejoined the International Naturist Federation in September 2023 after leaving in 2019.

World Congress
The World Congress of the INF have been held in the following cities. World Congresses were organized prior to the founding of the INF. At the 1953 World Congress the INF was officially created. All World Congresses after 1953 were organized by the INF.
 * 1951 – London, England
 * 1952 – Thielle, Switzerland
 * 1953 – CHM Montalivet, France
 * 1954 – Vienna, Austria
 * 1956 – Hanover, Germany
 * 1958 – Woburn Abbey, Great Britain
 * 1960 – Solbacken, Malmö, Denmark
 * 1962 - BffL Hanover, Germany
 * 1964 – Héliomonde, Saint-Chéron, Essonne( near Paris), France
 * 1966 – Athena Antwerpen, Ossendrecht, Netherlands
 * 1968 – Penn Sylvan, Mohnton, Pennsylvania, USA
 * 1970 – North Kent Sun Club, Orpington, Great Britain
 * 1972 – Koversada (Vrsar), Croatia
 * 1974 – Cap d'Agde, Sérignan, France
 * 1976 – Naturistenbund Rhein-Main, Wiesbaden, Germany
 * 1978 – South Hants Country Club, Fareham, England
 * 1980 – Flevo-Natuur, Netherlands
 * 1982 – Cypress Cove, Kissimmee, Florida, USA
 * 1984 – Costa Natura, Estepona, Spain
 * 1986 – Sportbund Sonnland e.V., Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
 * 1988 – Monsena (Rovinj), Yugoslavia
 * 1990 – Natur und Sport, Zürich, Switzerland
 * 1992 – Paradise Lakes, Tampa, Florida, USA
 * 1994 – Rutar Lido KG, Eberndorf, Austria
 * 1996 – Athena Antwerpen, Ossendrecht, Netherlands
 * 1998 – Galaxen, Sweden
 * 2000 – BffL, Hanover, Germany
 * 2002 – Cypress Cove, Kissimmee, Florida, USA
 * 2004 – Valalta, Rovinj, Croatia
 * 2006 – El Portus (Cartagena), Spain
 * 2008 – Tambaba Beach, Brazil
 * 2010 – Pizzo Greco, Isola di Capo Rizzuto, Italy
 * 2012 – Koversada (Vrsar), Croatia
 * 2014 – Drumshanbo, Ireland
 * 2016 – Wellington Naturist Club, New Zealand
 * 2017 – Vienna, Austria (special meeting)
 * 2018 – Lisbon, Portugal
 * 2021 – Veržej, Slovenia (delayed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
 * 2022 – Luxembourg

Presidents
List of INF presidents (also member of the executive committee and Central Committee)
 * Richard Ehrmann-Falkenau (Austria) 1953 – 1956
 * Erik Holm (Denmark) 1956 – 1964
 * Gilbert Sarrou (France) 1964 – 1968
 * Michel Caillaud (France) 1968 – 1976
 * Frans Mollaert (Belgium) 1976 – 1980
 * Alan McCombe (Great Britain) 1980 – 1988
 * Bart Wijnberg (Netherlands) 1988 – 1995
 * Karl Josef Dreßen (Germany) 1995 – 2000
 * Wolfgang Weinreich (Germany) 2000 – 2007
 * George Volak (USA) 2007 – 2008
 * Sieglinde Ivo (Austria) 2008 – 2016
 * Armand Jamier (France) 2016 (Election annulled by the INF Legal Commission)
 * Sieglinde Ivo (Austria) 2017 – 2021
 * Sieglinde Ivo (Austria) and Stéphane Deschênes (Canada) as co-presidents 2021 – present

title: International Naturist Federation