text:
Jorge Cantú

Jorge Luís Cantú Guzmán (born January 30, 1982) is an American-born Mexican former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Florida Marlins, Texas Rangers, and San Diego Padres, and in the KBO League for the Doosan Bears.

Cantú bats and throws right-handed. He was born in McAllen, Texas and went to Sharyland High School, but was raised and makes his home in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Tampa Bay Devil Rays
Cantú was spotted by a scout while playing in a Junior Olympic tournament in Mexico City while in high school, and offered a contract with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at age 16. In 2003, Cantú played for the Mexico national team in the regional Olympic qualifying tournament. His team defeated the U.S. team, eliminating them from the 2004 summer games in Athens.

Cantú made his major league debut with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 2004 season, batting .301 with two home runs and 17 runs batted in in 50 games played.

In 2005, Cantú began the season expecting to play a utilityman role, but due to the retirement of second baseman Roberto Alomar during spring training, he became the full-time second baseman. He showcased his talents, having a breakout year, and was named the Devil Rays Most Valuable Player by Tampa Bay sportswriters, after hitting .289 with 28 home runs, 117 RBIs, 40 doubles, and 171 hits in 150 games (80 at second base, 63 at third). Cantú was a valuable young player for the rebuilding Devil Rays, who finished last in the American League that season.

In 2006 however, he had a down year as he struggled with injuries. His production from the previous year dropped precipitously, as he hit just .249 with 14 home runs and 62 RBIs.

The following season, he failed to make the Opening Day 25-man roster for 2007, and was assigned instead to the Triple-A Durham Bulls. He threatened not to report, and demanded a trade. However, on the April 4, 2007, edition of ESPN's Baseball Tonight, Cantú retracted his trade demand and said he would voluntarily report to Durham. He hit just .207 with zero home runs and 4 RBIs in 25 games with Tampa Bay that year.

Cincinnati Reds
On July 28, 2007, Cantú was traded to the Cincinnati Reds along with minor league outfielder Shaun Cumberland for pitchers Brian Shackelford and Calvin Medlock. With the Reds, he hit .298 with 1 home run and 9 RBI. During the 2007 season, he played primarily first base (as opposed to second base) as he played 21 games at first base, 2 games at second base and one game at third base (combined with Tampa Bay and Cincinnati). The Reds released him during the offseason on December 5 of that year.

Florida Marlins
On January 4, 2008, the Florida Marlins signed Cantú to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. On March 22, Jose Castillo was claimed off waivers by the San Francisco Giants, opening the door for a possible roster spot for Cantú. Cantú was added to the active roster on March 27. Cantú impressed the Marlins so much during spring training that he was named the team's starting third baseman. He spent the season hitting third in the Marlins lineup. On September 12, Cantú hit his 25th home run of the season joining Hanley Ramírez, Dan Uggla, and Mike Jacobs as the first group of infielders on the same team to have 25 or more home runs. Cantú finished the year with a career high 29 home runs, 95 RBI, and a .277 batting Average.

In the offseason Cantú signed a 1-year, $4.5 million contract, avoiding arbitration. After spring training 2009, the Marlins announced that they would shift Cantú to first base after Gaby Sánchez struggled in the spring, and Emilio Bonifacio would play third base.

Cantú's left wrist was injured during the third game of the 2009 season and he was forced to miss five games. He played well after returning to the lineup despite lingering pain. On May 4, he was named the National League Player of the Week.

Cantú started the 2010 season with a 21-game hitting streak Cantú hit his 100th career home run on June 23, 2010.

Texas Rangers
On July 29, 2010, Cantú was dealt to the Texas Rangers (with $600,000 cash) for Evan Reed and Omar Poveda.

Though he was a good home run and RBI hitter when in Florida, Cantú did not hit a single home run or RBI in his first 83 plate appearances for the Rangers. However, on September 25, he got his first RBI, and later his first home run, the latter giving his team a 4–3 lead, which turned out to be the final score, clinching the Rangers' their first divisional title since 1999.

That year he played in the World Series with the Rangers.

San Diego Padres
Cantú signed a one-year deal with the San Diego Padres on January 26, 2011. He was designated for assignment on June 15 after hitting just .194/.232/.285 in 57 games and was released on June 21.

Colorado Rockies
On July 30, 2011, Jorge Cantú was signed by the Colorado Rockies to a minor league contract. He played in 30 games for the Colorado Springs Sky Sox but was never called up to the Majors and elected free agency on November 2, 2011.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
On January 6, 2012, Cantù signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He played in 24 games for the Triple-A Salt Lake Bees before he was released on April 30, 2012.

Tigres de Quintana Roo
On March 20, 2013, Cantú signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League. Due to an injury he was limited throughout the season but still led the team with 31 Home Runs in 83 games. He played first base and DH, leading the team to a Championship.

Doosan Bears
On December 9, 2013, Cantú signed a $250,000 contract with the Doosan Bears of the Korea Baseball Organization that included a $50,000 signing bonus. In 111 games for Doosan, Cantú slashed .309/.375/.524 with 18 home runs and 177 RBI. He became a free agent after the season.

Tigres de Quintana Roo (second stint)
On April 2, 2015, Cantú re-signed with the Tigres and led Quintana Roo to another title run. During the season, he won a Home Run Derby Title and was an All-Star. This year saw a slight decline in home runs, hitting just 25 for the year, but finishing up with 100 RBI's for the regular season with 75 runs in 106 games played.

Toros de Tijuana
Cantú was traded to the Toros de Tijuana on June 20, 2016. Cantú struggled in 23 games for Tijuana in 2016, batting just .195/.264/.244 in 91 plate appearances. In 2017, Cantú slashed .282/.370/.452 with 12 home runs and 55 RBI in 99 games played. He appeared in 87 games for Tijuana in 2018, hitting 12 home runs with 58 RBI.

Diablos Rojos del México
On December 17, 2018, Cantú was traded to the Diablos Rojos del México of the Mexican League. In 2019, Cantú batted .283/.364/.488 with 12 homers and 38 RBI in 74 games played. Cantú did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the LMB season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cantú played in 36 games for México in 2021, batting .240/.313/.306 with 1 home run and 13 RBI. He fell on harder times in 2022, slumping to a .192/.236/.258 line with 1 home run and 8 RBI in an abbreviated stint of 23 games with the team. On January 12, 2023, Cantú retired from professional baseball.

title: Jorge Cantú


text:
Lanuza

Lanuza may refer to:
 * Lanuza, a municipality of the Philippines
 * Lanuza, a village in Spain

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lanuza


text: User talk:69.23.199.3

title: User talk:69.23.199.3


text: Category:Furniture retailers

title: Category:Furniture retailers


text:
Tago

Tago may refer to:
 * Tago District, Gunma
 * Tago Island
 * Tago Mago, 1971 studio album by Can
 * Tago River
 * Tago, Surigao del Sur
 * UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—undecaprenyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase

Surname

 * Akira Tago (1926–2016), Japanese psychologist
 * Izack Tago (born 2002), Samoa international rugby league footballer
 * Kenichi Tago (born 1989), Japanese former badminton player

title: Tago


text: File:National lawyers guild emblem.jpg

title: File:National lawyers guild emblem.jpg


text:
Robert Banks Stewart

Robert Banks Stewart (16 July 1931 – 14 January 2016) was a Scottish screenwriter, television producer and former journalist. He was sometimes credited as Robert Stewart early in his career. Banks Stewart contributed extensively to drama for the BBC and ITV for several decades, which included creating and producing the series Shoestring (1979) and Bergerac (1981) and producing the first series of Lovejoy (1986). He also produced and co-adapted the early episodes of The Darling Buds of May (1991).

Career
Born in Edinburgh, Banks Stewart did national service in the British Army and began writing as a journalist, working for his home city's evening newspapers, where he became the youngest news editor in history for the Evening Dispatch. Even then, he used to discuss ideas for television series. Later he became a story editor at Pinewood Studios. Working as a scriptwriter from the end of the 1950s, he worked on such TV series as Danger Man, The Human Jungle, Top Secret and The Avengers ("The Master Minds" and "Quick-Quick Slow Death"). He also contributed a few scripts to the Edgar Wallace Mysteries series of second features for the cinema.

Working for Thames Television he contributed scripts to the programmes Callan, Special Branch, The Sweeney and Owner Occupied. For HTV, he wrote five episodes of Arthur of the Britons. Banks Stewart wrote two popular serials for the BBC science-fiction series Doctor Who when it starred Tom Baker: Terror of the Zygons (1975) (which was set in his native Scotland and drew on the Loch Ness Monster legend) and The Seeds of Doom (1976) (which was influenced by classic science-fiction such as The Day of the Triffids, The Quatermass Experiment and The Thing from Another World). A third story, The Foe from the Future, was considered but ultimately cancelled as Stewart became unavailable, but Robert Holmes wrote The Talons of Weng Chiang (1977) from the idea by Robert Banks Stewart, who received no on-screen credit. An audio adaptation of The Foe from the Future was released in 2012 by Big Finish Productions. In 1976, a still of Banks Stewart appeared in The Brain of Morbius, representing one of the Morbius Doctors.

Banks Stewart continued working in television as a writer, script editor and producer, creating Shoestring (1979–80), which ran for two series on the BBC and following this up with the Jersey-set detective drama series Bergerac (1981–91). He later produced Hannay (5 episodes, 1988), The Darling Buds of May (4 episodes), Lovejoy (10 episodes) and Call Me Mister. His final credit for television was for the adaptation of My Uncle Silas (2001–03) starring Albert Finney.

In 2012 Banks Stewart, then aged 81, published his only novel, The Hurricane's Tail, a thriller featuring a British detective called Detective Sergeant Harper Buchanan who uncovers a plot against the prime minister of a Caribbean island. It was originally envisaged as a two-part TV series, but Banks Stewart said that he decided to turn it into a novel after "getting nowhere" with TV executives, which he attributed to ageism. In 2015 he published his autobiography, To Put You in the Picture.

Personal life
He had three sons, Alex Hanson Stewart, Andy Stewart and Angus Stewart.

Death
On 14 January 2016, Robert Banks Stewart died of cancer at the age of 84.

title: Robert Banks Stewart


text:
Bibliography of Opus Dei

This is a bibliography of works about Opus Dei, also known as the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, which was founded by Josemaría Escrivá.

By Opus Dei members and publishers

 * 1982 Statutes of Opus Dei—Latin and English (unauthorized translation)
 * —a French scholar's synthesis
 * —two canonists and a theologian study the juridical nature and history of Opus Dei
 * O'Connor, William: Opus Dei: An Open Book. A Reply to the Secret World of Opus Dei by Michael Walsh, Mercier 1991
 * —a 5-year research in 10 countries conducted by a senior journalist and deputy editor of the Australian
 * John Coverdale: Uncommon Faith: The Early Years of Opus Dei (1928-1943), Scepter Publications, 2002. ISBN 1-889334-74-X
 * —professor of anthropology explains various aspects of Opus Dei
 * François Gondrand, At God's Pace, Scepter 1989.
 * José Orlandis, Mis recuerdos: primeros tiempos del Opus Dei en Roma Rialp, 1995 ISBN 84-321-3090-7
 * —an ecclesiological and theological study of Opus Dei
 * —a study of an Italian essayist
 * Antonio Viana, “Law and spirit: on the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Opus Dei as a Personal Prelature,” Number 36, January–June 2003, Romana.
 * Joaquin Navarro Valls. The Human Realism of Sanctity. Information Office of Opus Dei on the  Internet.
 * Antonio Viana, “Law and spirit: on the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Opus Dei as a Personal Prelature,” Number 36, January–June 2003, Romana.
 * Joaquin Navarro Valls. The Human Realism of Sanctity. Information Office of Opus Dei on the  Internet.
 * Joaquin Navarro Valls. The Human Realism of Sanctity. Information Office of Opus Dei on the  Internet.

By others

 * John Paul II, Papal Bull Ut Sit Establishing the Personal Prelature of Opus Dei
 * John Paul II, Christifideles Omnes, Papal Decree on Escriva's Heroic Virtues
 * Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI), Opus Dei and St. Josemaria: Letting God work
 * Cardinal José Saraiva Martins, St. Josemaria: God's Instrument for Opus Dei
 * Richard John Neuhaus, The Work of God in "First Things."
 * Allen, John Jr. (2005). Opus Dei: an Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church, Doubleday Religion. ISBN 0-385-51449-2 — book written after 300 hours of interviews by a journalist of National Catholic Reporter, a left leaning newspaper; link refers to a summary Q&A
 * Allen, John Jr. (2005). Opus Dei: An Introduction, Chapter I: A Quick Overview, Chapter 4: Contemplatives in the Middle of the World, Chapter 7: Opus Dei and Secrecy - 4 on-line excerpts from John Allen's Opus Dei
 * Allen, John Jr. (24 March 2005). "Decoding Opus Dei". An Interview with John Allen, by Edward Pentin. Newsweek. — a short summary of his book
 * Allen, John Jr. (14 December 2005). Opus Dei: The First Objective Look Behind the Myths and Reality of the Most Controversial Force in the Catholic Church. Carnegie Council, New York City. — edited transcript of remarks, part of The Resurgence of Religion in Politics Series
 * Allen, John Jr. (January 2006). "Unveiling Opus Dei". An Interview with John Allen, by John Romanowsky. Godspy.
 * E.B.E - "Opus Dei as divine revelation" (2016, 576 pages). An historical and theological study by a former member. It includes unpublished historical documents (the Regulations of 1941, several letters of Escrivá to Franco, documents about Escrivá's request for being appointed bishop, etc.). ISBN 978-1523318889 (paperback) and ASIN: B01D5MNGD2 (ebook - Amazon). Online Preview on Amazon website here
 * —an investigation (Un' indagine, the original Italian title) done by a journalist
 * —the first serious study on Opus Dei to be published, written by a French journalist
 * Massimo Introvigne, Opus Dei and the Anti-cult Movement in Cristianità n. 229 (1994)
 * Christoph Cardinal Schönborn, "Are there sects in the Catholic Church?" L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English, 13/20 August 1997, page 3.
 * Silver, Vernon; Smith, Michael. 30 April 2006. "Opus Dei's spiritual quest rooted in work, business". Bloomberg News.
 * The Economic Times. (20 May 2006). "We are no ruthless cult, says Opus Dei"
 * Deborah Dundas. (19 May 2006). Inside Opus Dei
 * Brancoli, Rodolfo (June–July 2002). "Il fantasma dell'Opera: Storia di un'avversione che si sta trasformando in simpatia". Liberal. — "The Phantom of the Opus ('Opera')": story of an aversion that is turning into understanding." An article in a left-of-centre Italian magazine
 * Gaspari, Antonio (June–July 1995). "A New Way for the Church?". Inside the Vatican. Provided courtesy of EWTN
 * Goodstein, Laurie (7 February 2006). "Group Says of 'Da Vinci Code' Film: It's Just Fiction". New York Times.
 * Howse, Christopher (October 2005). Out of the Shadows: Book Review of Allen's Opus Dei: Secrets and Power in the Catholic Church. Tablet.
 * Introvigne, Massimo (May 1994). "Opus Dei and the Anti-cult Movement". Cristianità, 229, p. 3-12.
 * König, Franz Cardinal (9 November 1975). "Il significato dell Opus Dei". Corriere della Sera.
 * Luciani, Albino Cardinal (John Paul I) (25 July 78). "Seeking God through everyday work". Il Gazzettino Venice.
 * Martin, James, S.J. (25 February 1995). "Opus Dei in the United States". America.
 * Martins, José Saraiva. (9 October 2002). "St. Josemaría: God's instrument for the Work". L'Osservatore Romano.
 * — an investigation (Un' indagine, the original Italian title) done by the journalist behind Crossing the Threshold of Hope and the Ratzinger Report
 * Neuhaus, Richard John (November 1995). "The Work of God". First Things, 57, p. 71-87.
 * Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal (Benedict XVI) (9 October 2002). "St. Josemaria: God is very much at work in our world today". L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English, p. 3.
 * Royal, Robert (May 1998). "Books in Review: Opus Dei". First Things. 83, p. 56-59.
 * — the first serious study on Opus Dei to be published, written by a French journalist
 * Van Biema, David (24 April 2006). "The Ways of Opus Dei". Time. Cover Story.
 * Luciani, Albino Cardinal (John Paul I) (25 July 78). "Seeking God through everyday work". Il Gazzettino Venice.
 * Martin, James, S.J. (25 February 1995). "Opus Dei in the United States". America.
 * Martins, José Saraiva. (9 October 2002). "St. Josemaría: God's instrument for the Work". L'Osservatore Romano.
 * — an investigation (Un' indagine, the original Italian title) done by the journalist behind Crossing the Threshold of Hope and the Ratzinger Report
 * Neuhaus, Richard John (November 1995). "The Work of God". First Things, 57, p. 71-87.
 * Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal (Benedict XVI) (9 October 2002). "St. Josemaria: God is very much at work in our world today". L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English, p. 3.
 * Royal, Robert (May 1998). "Books in Review: Opus Dei". First Things. 83, p. 56-59.
 * — the first serious study on Opus Dei to be published, written by a French journalist
 * Van Biema, David (24 April 2006). "The Ways of Opus Dei". Time. Cover Story.

About Opus Dei in Spain

 * Arango, E. Ramón. 1995 (1985). Spain. Democracy Regained (Second Edition). Boulder, CO: Westview.
 * Carr, Raymond, and Fusi, Juan Pablo. 1991 (1979). Spain: Dictatorship to democracy. London: Routledge.
 * De Blaye, Edouard. 1976 (1974). Franco and the Politics of Spain. Middlessex: Penguin. [original title Franco ou la monarchie sans roi, Editions Stock]
 * Descola, Jean. O Espagne, Albin Michel, Paris, 1976.
 * Ellwood, Sheelagh. 1994. Franco. Harlow, UK: Longman.
 * Graham, Robert. 1984. Spain. Change of a Nation. London: Michael Joseph.
 * Gunther, Richard. 1980. Public Policy in a No-Party State. Spanish Planning and Budgeting in the Twilight of the Franquist Era. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
 * Gunther. Richard. 1980. Public Policy in a No-Party State. Spanish Planning and Budgeting in the Twilight of the Franquist Era. Berkeley: University of California.
 * Herr, Richard. 1971. Spain. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
 * Hills, George. 1970. Spain. London: Ernest Benn Ltd.
 * Paredes, Javier (coord.), Historia contemporánea de España (siglo XX), Ariel Historia, Barcelona 1998.
 * Payne, Stanley G. 1999. Fascism in Spain. 1923-1977. Madison, WI: Wisconsin University.
 * Preston, Paul. 1990. The Politics of Revenge. Fascism and the Military in Twentieth-Century Spain. London. Unwin Hyman.
 * Preston, Paul. 1993. Franco. A Biography. London: HarperCollins.
 * Salgado Araujo, Francisco Franco, Mis conversaciones privadas con Franco, Col. Espejo de España, Ed. Planeta, 1976.
 * Tusell, Javier. Manual Historia de España: Siglo XX, Historia 16, Madrid, 1990.
 * Various Authors, (Manuel Ferrer, José de Armas, José Lino Feo, Manuel Fernández Areal, Charles Powell, Alfonso Ascanio), Franquismo y transición democrática: Lecciones recientes de Historia reciente de España, Centro de Estudios de Humanidades, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1993.

In Spanish

 * Francisco Ponz, Mi encuentro con el fundador del Opus Dei
 * Flavio Capucci, Milagros de nuestro tiempo
 * Dominique Le Tourneau, Opus Dei
 * William West, Opus Dei. Ficción y realidad
 * Pedro Casciaro, Soñad y os quedareis cortos
 * Manuel Monteiro de Castro, Josemaría Escrivá fue un "extraordinario hijo de la Iglesia" (31-1-2002)- Testimony of the Nuncio of Spain
 * "La aventura de ser santo", Miguel Ángel Cárceles
 * "El hombre de Villa Tevere", Pilar Urbano
 * "El Fundador del Opus Dei", Andrés Vázquez de Prada

Videos

 * Opus Dei unveiled. (2006). History Channel. – directed and produced by George Tzimopoulos and Bill Brummel Productions
 * Opus Dei: Decoding God's Work. (June 2006). Salt and Light Catholic Television. Co-directed with Marc Boudignon
 * Saint of Ordinary Life. – by Alberto Michelini

title: Bibliography of Opus Dei


text:
User:Jsacks

hello there. hmm, what is a jsacks? good question. am very interested in user-propgated technologies. anyone know of ways to do this kind of thing but also enable users to organise information? so for instance, being able to group a set of definitions under 'forestry' or something.

title: User:Jsacks


text:
India national rugby union team

The India national rugby union team is the national team representing India in the international rugby championships and matches. It is governed by Rugby India organization which is recognised by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of government of India.

It was admitted to the IRB in 1999, but it took four years before India won a match, beating Pakistan 56–3 in the third tier competition of the Asian Biennial tournament.

History
Rugby union in India dates back to a scratch match or two played in Calcutta and Madras during the visit of MS Galatea in 1871. The first recorded match was played on Christmas Day 1872, at CFC in Kolkata, it was played between England and a combined team of Scotland, Ireland and Wales.

The national team was not started until 1998 however when the India national team played Singapore in Singapore, they lost 85–0. The team were then admitted into the International Rugby Board in 2001 and then in 2003 the team undertook its first UK tour. This consisted of playing three sides from the Midlands which all resulted in large defeats, including a staggering 153–0 defeat from a Leicester Tigers XV at Welford Road. They also failed to score a single try during their visit. Despite the sheer lack of success, the head did have some positive words, stating: "It's all a learning process for us. The difference in size and body weight between the two teams was huge, but when we get back to Asia we'll be playing against teams roughly our own size." In 2007 India attempted to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, Scotland, and Wales. They were placed in Asian Division 3, Pool B for the qualifiers in which India finished second of four teams with 1 win, 1 tie, and 1 loss. As only the first place team moved on to the second qualification round India was officially knocked out of the 2007 World Cup.

In 2005, they started their attempt to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup, but a 22–36 loss to Kazakhstan sent them out of the running for that tournament. They also were disappointed with an 8–8 tie in Guam, but still managed to finish second in their group of four teams thanks to beating Malaysia 48–12. However, as only the top team in the group qualified for the next stage, India were out.

In 2008 the India Rugby Union Team attempted to qualify for the Rugby World Cup again. This time though qualification was different as instead of the group stage India had to play in the 2008 Asian Five Nations and win it in order to move on to Round 2 in qualification. India though lost their first match against Thailand and had to settle for 3rd place after a 2nd place match win against Pakistan in which India achieved their biggest ever victory as they beat Pakistan 92–0.

In 2019, South Africa legend and former South Africa national rugby union team player Nass Botha became the head coach of Indian men's and women's national teams. Under his supervision Rugby India held practice sessions, tryouts in different part of the India. As per Botha, ''India have to play at least 10-12 matches per year per season. India have 1.3 billion people, the country can form a competitive national team. 800 schools in the country have rugby 7 teams, these schools also have to make 15 players teams, It will increase talent pool. Even if 50-100 started their 15 player side''.

Stadium
India does not have its own personal stadium to use. When they play they usually do on local university fields throughout India.

Strip
India have worn dark blue and black for all of their Rugby Union games since 2011 and prior to that, from 1998 to 2010, they used the traditional Indian sports colours of light blue and white. At present, the shirt and socks are dark blue and the shorts are black.

World Cup
India has never played in the Rugby World Cup but they have attempted twice in 2005 and 2008 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup and 2011 Rugby World Cups respectively.

Asia Rugby Championship
India competes annually in the Asia Rugby Championship, which is a rugby union competition held amongst national rugby sides within the Asia Rugby region. India participated in the inaugural 2008 Asian Five Nations (as it was then known) competing in the Second Division, finishing in third place, and missing out on being promoted. During the 2009 Asian Five Nations India again finished in 3rd place in the Second Division but then during the 2010 Asian Five Nations India just lost out on promotion to Division 1 when they were beaten 34–12 by the Philippines in the final game. They then suffered a setback in 2011 Asian Five Nations as they were relegated to Division 3 after losing both their matches in Second Division tournament. In 2012 India were successful in winning the Third Division tournament earning a promotion back to Division 2 the following year. In 2013 they finished fourth in the Second Division tournament, relegating them back to the third division. In 2014 the Division 3 tournament was split into an East and West competition, with four teams in each. India finished in fourth place in the Division 3 West tournament. In 2015 the Division 3 tournament was split into three brackets, East, West and Central, with three teams in each. India competed in the Central tournament, however due to the withdrawal of Pakistan the remaining teams India and Uzbekistan played two matches against each other. As both team scored respective victories India was declared the winner on points difference. In 2016 the Division 3 tournament was split into four competitions, East, Central, West and West-Central. India plays in the South-Central bracket where it is scheduled to compete against Pakistan.

Overall records
The Test match record against all nations, updated to 4 May 2024, is as follows:

Recent matches

 * Matches played in the last 12 months.

Squad
The squad selected for 2024 Asia Rugby Championship Division 1.

title: India national rugby union team


text:
User:Gyre

Links

 * Community Portal
 * Special:Newpages
 * Special:Newimages
 * Help desk
 * Reference desk
 * Village pump
 * Category:Cleanup by month
 * Maintenance
 * New contributors' help page
 * Category:Images to convert to SVG
 * Interiot's Edit Counter
 * Deny recognition

title: User:Gyre


text:
Dapa

DAPA is Deferred Action for Parents of Americans, a planned United States immigration policy announced in 2014.

DAPA or Dapa may refer to:

Organisations

 * Defense Acquisition Program Administration, an executive branch of the South Korean government

Places

 * Dapa, Valle del Cauca, a village in Colombia
 * Dapa, Surigao del Norte, a municipality in the Philippines

Science

 * 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase, an enzyme
 * daPa (= DecaPascal)

title: Dapa


text:
Del Carmen

Del Carmen may refer to:

 * Del Carmen, San Jose, Camarines Sur, a village in the municipality of San Jose, Camarines Sur, Philippines
 * Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte, a municipality on Siargao Island, province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines

title: Del Carmen


text:
Dinagat

Dinagat can refer to:

Places in the Philippines

 * Dinagat Islands, a province in the Philippines
 * Dinagat Island, primary/main island of the province
 * Dinagat, Dinagat Islands, a municipality in the province
 * Dinagat Sound, body of water between the islands of Dinagat and Siargao

title: Dinagat


text:
General Luna

General Luna may refer to:

Municipalities in the Philippines

 * General Luna, Quezon
 * General Luna, Surigao del Norte

People

 * Antonio Luna (1866–1899), general of the Philippine–American War, for whom the municipalities are named
 * Joaquim Silva e Luna (born 1949), retired four-star general of the Brazilian Army
 * Cardozo Luna (born 1953), retired three-star general of the Armed Forces of the Philippines

Popular culture

 * Heneral Luna, 2015 film depicting Antonio Luna
 * General Luna (band), all female Filipino rock band

title: General Luna


text:
Joey Gathright

Joey Renard Gathright (born April 27, 1981) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Kansas City Royals, Chicago Cubs and Boston Red Sox. He was born in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.

Early life
Gathright attended Bonnabel High School in Kenner, Louisiana, where he played baseball and football as a junior and boxed. He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 32nd round of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft, and signed in August after playing that summer in a Louisiana Sugar Cane League in Sorrento, Louisiana.

Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2004–06)
He made his major league debut with the Devil Rays on June 25, 2004.

Gathright was arguably one of the fastest players in major league baseball when he made his major league debut, and led all major league outfielders in range factor (3.06) in 2006. He does not hit for power (with only one home run in his MLB career). From 2006 to 2009, he had the lowest slugging average of players with at least 1000 plate appearances at .298. He has a .263 lifetime batting average going into the 2009 season.

Gathright was clocked at 6.1 seconds in the 60-yard dash. While in high school, he jumped over his coach's car. That jumping ability proved useful on the field, as in a 2008 spring training game Gathright jumped over Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Hiroki Kuroda, who was trying to tag him out en route to first base.

In 2005, he hit .276 in 76 games, and drew 10 walks.

Kansas City Royals (2006–08)
On June 20, 2006, he was traded to the Kansas City Royals, along with infielder Fernando Cortez, for left-handed pitcher J. P. Howell. In the 2006 season, he batted .238 with a .321 on-base percentage, and a .292 slugging percentage. He hit his first, and to date only, home run on September 16, 2006, against Joel Piñeiro of the Seattle Mariners.

In 2007, Gathright broke up Bobby Jenks's major league record-tying streak of 41 consecutive batters retired. Gathright, who would have been the record 42nd batter, was able to get a hit.

While playing center field, his range factor per nine innings was below average in 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2008 Gathright saw his range factor fall to 2.53, below all but one center field starter in the league. He also hit .254 with a .311 on-base percentage, and only a .272 slugging percentage—below that of all starting outfielders in the major leagues.

Gathright, while with the Royals, had a tendency to attempt to bunt for base hits in order to use his superior speed to reach base. However, he proved to be an inconsistent bunter, and thus his on-base percentage and batting average suffered.

Chicago Cubs (2009)
On December 16, 2008, three days after being non-tendered by the Royals, Gathright signed a one-year deal with the Chicago Cubs. and made his debut April 6 against the Houston Astros. In 20 games for the Cubs, he hit .214.

Baltimore Orioles (2009)
On May 8, 2009, after clearing waivers and being sent outright to the minors, the Cubs traded Gathright to the Baltimore Orioles for Ryan Freel. The Orioles sent him to the AAA Norfolk Tides, where he hit .329 in 80 games.

Boston Red Sox (2009)
On August 29, 2009, the Boston Red Sox acquired Gathright in exchange for either a player to be named later or cash considerations. He appeared in 17 regular season games, primarily as a pinch runner. He was on the post-season roster, where he made one appearance without an at-bat.

2010: Toronto, Baltimore, Long Island
On December 13, 2009, the Toronto Blue Jays signed Gathright to a minor league contract. However, he was released on March 28 before the start of the season.

On March 30, 2010, he signed a minor league contract to return to the Orioles. He was released on July 22, 2010, after 61 games with Norfolk, where he hit only .185

On August 6, 2010, Gathright signed with the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League. He ended the season hitting .269 with 3 home runs and 19 RBI.

2011: Shreveport-Bossier, Yuma, Boston
On April 13, 2011, Gathright signed with the Shreveport-Bossier Captains of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. He was released on June 7, 2011, after hitting .190 in 21 games.

He then signed, on June 10, 2011, with the Yuma Scorpions of the North American League, where he hit .347 in 61 games.

His performance got him another chance in the Majors and on August 31, 2011, he returned to the Red Sox. He appeared in 7 late season games with the Red Sox, as either a defensive replacement or pinch runner.

2012
He was signed by the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League but later signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball.

On May 24, the Cincinnati Reds purchased Gathright's contract from the Bridgeport club. He reported to the Louisville Bats, Cincinnati's AAA minor league affiliate. He was released on July 14 after hitting .299 in 40 games.

2013
On July 2, 2013, Joey Gathright signed with the Kansas City T-Bones in the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball.

title: Joey Gathright


text:
Talk:Australian gold rushes

Comment
need larger article for such a big thing in Australian history. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 211.31.189.177 (talk • contribs) 06:06, 11 July 2005  (UTC)

Deleted in-article critique
With the gold rushes came the construction of the first railways and telegraph line, multiculturalism and racism, the Eureka rebellion and the end of penal transportation to the east coast of Australia. '''*Please revise. These elements can't be attributed to the gold rush, they're merely circumstantial. The histiography used here is flawed; it resembles high school history.''' Please consider revising the article. Htra0497 19:59, 15 November 2006 (AEST)

Where is article
on this page there was a mann with a hatof page title on main page?! Lead para only. Is there an edit war here? There are numerous edits and no main section. Can sombody with info to hand fix this stub? Fred 10:47, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

 * For that matter nothing about western australia and tasmania in the 1890's make it a very NSW and Vic article... worthy of australian regional rivarlies issues here... SatuSuro 11:29, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

to the places with 'the' before them, e.g. 'at the Turon'. Is this intentional? It isn't consistent throughout the article. Valkyrian (talk) 05:02, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Section issues
I restored a deleted section: Discoveries of gold in Australia before the rushes. This is, in a sense, only an introduction to the main topic, but does provide useful information. I am not too thrilled by the list formatting, however. A good copy edit is needed. However, the main topic is sadly neglected in the article! Just me! (talk) 06:49, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

BIAS
This article is Victorian centric - and as there is the title Australian - there is no mention of Tasmania, Western Australia - as if they didnt exist - strongly suggest this is either:-

 * Re-named- early Australian gold rushes - to favour current content
 * Re-written to include the excluded states, locations and rushes

SatuSuro 05:01, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Haha, not surprised you discovered the same thing independently. It's not even well-written, it doesn't talk about the major social and cultural changes which came as a result of the gold rushes. Orderinchaos 10:17, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

This article fails miserably
This article offers only very poor coverage of its topic!

The lead paragraph notes some additional minor gold rushes which occurred "in northern Australia" in the 1880s and 1890s, long after the main rushes of the 1850s: which were both influential in attracting thousands of immigrants, many of whom stayed to work in other careers.
 * 1) To Ballarat and Bendigo in Victoria
 * 2) To Bathurst in New South Wales

The lead paragraph also ignores the main rush of the 1890s, to Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie in Western Australia.

The main Victorian gold rushes were the direct cause of the rapid growth of Melbourne, which became the wealthiest city in the Australian colonies, a pre-eminence it maintained for decades, until after successful Federation of those colonies as the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. Consequently Melbourne served as the provisional capital, until the new planned national capital could be built at Canberra, in a part of the country far from both Sydney and Melbourne.

The 90s rush to the Kalgoorlie area also brought new people and economic activity to Western Australia. Some who arrived planning to prospect for gold, instead became settlers, opening stores or hotels, getting timber from the forests of the southwest, or raising livestock or grain, to meet the needs and appetites of the miners. (As far as I can tell, my maternal grandmother's parents were among these "entrepreneur settlers", which is part of the reason I exist at all, and am an Australian.)

As commented by others, there's also no coverage at all of the many minor gold rushes in Australia. Instead, we have what appears to be a very peripheral topic, individual gold discoveries, treated in list format with unnecessary detail and significant omissions, which gives an unbalanced picture. Sure, every gold rush starts with a discovery; but not every discovery sparks a gold rush!

[Disclaimer and aside: I don't know how to make the following point except by telling a story from my own experience. I'm sure a trained historian would approach this issue quite differently. But I tell this story, not because I'm a significant player, but because even I, many years removed from those events, was deeply touched and affected by them, and have been for half a century. What then has been their effects on the nation as a whole? I hope some historian, somewhere, has been able to suitably assess and relate the impact of the gold rushes on our nation's cultural, political, economic and imaginative life. End of disclaimer; story follows:

 * As a schoolchild, I'd often visit the Queen Victoria Museum (in Launceston, Tasmania where I mostly grew up) during my lunch hour. The Museum then displayed (and may still) a complete Chinese "Joss House", left behind by Chinese miners in Tasmania (See NOTE below) when they moved on (or died out?  I'm not sure ...).  This article has no information whatsoever on the gold rush that brought these Chinese miners to Tasmania.  Nor on the contributions that seeing the Joss House had on impressionable youngsters!

 * The Joss house was a small wooden temple where various "josses", or religious statues, were kept and prayed to, decorated with many beautiful artifacts in colourful silks, rare woods and intricately carved ivory, and where the Chinese would practice divination. Seeing this place of worship and its beautiful furnishings was a major influence on awakening my sense of the beautiful in the arts and crafts.  It was thus instrumental in many of my subsequent life choices, increasing my passion for the visual arts and has had significant ripple effects on many other people with whom I've shared this passion.  And I'm only one of the multitude of Australians touched, directly or indirectly, by our gold rush history.

 * NOTE: An object lesson for would-be folk historians: I was positive the Chinese were on the goldfields, but only recently learnt they were mining tin! So do make sure of your facts!  And while it spoils my specific example of goldfields history being relevant to me now, it doesn't invalidate the general principle, does it?

End of aside.]

This article fails to canvass the effects of the various gold rushes on the subsequent history of the nation, its earlier settlers and older (in Tasmania, possibly its original) inhabitants.

This article fails miserably. I hope some Wikipedia editor has some good historical reference material with which to write a generally useful article - at least an overview - about the Australian gold rushes.

History is important. If we fail to learn its lessons, we can fall so much more easily into the abandoned mine shafts which litter our (physical and cultural) landscape in uncounted numbers.

yoyo (talk) 17:01, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

This is a timeline not an article
This is a great timeline of the gold rushes in Australia. But it isn't really an article on the important social/economic/political changes that the gold rushes brought to Australian History. There needs to be an article like that and then this needs to be just a link. In Australia Grade 5s are taught about this at school yet this page has way too much information and yet not enough information to be of any use to such students. This is a real shame. What would be better is if the information related to the gold rush on the History of Australia page was expanded. Sir Langan (talk) 04:31, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

Grade fives
This page is missing some very important facts needed for assessment. Therefore this page is and is not suitable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.208.4.58 (talk) 01:03, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Bendigo 1851
Great work. IMHO it is time for a separate article with a summary in this one. Thoughts? Downsize43 (talk) 01:50, 11 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I agree with a separate article. Though I will be a bit busy in the next few days so I may not be able to work on it much. ~  Araratic  | talk  02:43, 11 July 2018 (UTC)

Edward Roper
Please Add your reference to the caption. Downsize43 (talk) 00:21, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

Darling Downs
The Moreton Bay Courier 1849 Sep 8 page 3b says "Gold has been found long ago on Darling Downs" http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715402 Does this warrant inclusion? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.7.217.191 (talk) 23:57, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

Currency conversions...
I really like the conversions and think they help put the historical prices in at least an approximate perspective, but I think the prices should be prefaced as US$ to avoid confusion with A$, right? Maybe AUD conversions make more sense, even if they are a little bit more out of date. Thoughts? Electricmaster (talk) 09:54, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks, since I originally added them :-) ... they're already in Australian dollars, but I've added currency prefixes everywhere to make that clear (along with fixing some rounding). Graham87 (talk) 15:21, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Australian gold rushes


text:
User talk:Balla Babee

Bold textItalic text Okay so here is the deal... Imma a Balla Babee and i luv degrassi! Especially Shane Kippel... so if yall know shane kippel and can like get me to meet him ... PLEASE DO!

title: User talk:Balla Babee


text:
Cabarrus County Schools

Cabarrus County Schools is a local education agency headquartered in Concord, North Carolina. The system presides over the vast majority of Cabarrus County, North Carolina, the exception being an area of Kannapolis in the northern part of the county that operates its own district. Over 33,000 students are enrolled in Cabarrus County Schools, and the school system has over 4,300 employees. The current superintendent is Dr. John Kopicki, who was the Cabarrus County Board of Education announced, as superintendent at its Work Session on Monday, August 2.

Traditional K-12 schools
The following lists the high schools of the system, including their feeder elementary and middle schools. Some exceptions to the following diagram exist, but this depiction is typically accurate. (Note: high schools are grades 9–12; middle schools 6–8; and elementary schools K-5)

 * Concord High School, 1895 (Spiders)
 * Concord Middle School
 * Harold Winkler Middle School (2011) "(split)"
 * Beverly Hills Elementary School
 * Coltrane-Webb STEM Elementary School
 * R. Brown McAllister Elementary School
 * Royal Oaks Elementary School
 * W.M. Irvin Elementary School
 * Mount Pleasant High School, 1926 (Tigers)
 * Mount Pleasant Middle School
 * Mount Pleasant Elementary School
 * W.M. Irvin Elementary School
 * Central Cabarrus High School, 1966 (Vikings)
 * C.C. Griffin Middle School
 * J.N. Fries Middle School
 * A.T. Allen Elementary School
 * Bethel Elementary School
 * Rocky River Elementary School
 * Wolf Meadow Elementary School
 * Northwest Cabarrus High School, 1966 (Trojans)
 * Northwest Cabarrus Middle School
 * Charles E. Boger Elementary School (2007)
 * Weddington Hills Elementary School (split)
 * Winecoff Elementary School
 * W.R. Odell Elementary School
 * Jay M. Robinson High School, 2001 (Bulldogs)
 * Harold Winkler Middle School (2011) "(split)"
 * Furr Elementary School (2007)
 * Pitts School Road Elementary School
 * Wolf Meadow Elementary School
 * Weddington Hills Elementary School (split)
 * Hickory Ridge High School, 2007 (Raging Bulls)
 * C.C. Griffin Middle School
 * Hickory Ridge Middle School (2010)
 * Pitts School Road Elementary School (split)
 * Rocky River Elementary School
 * Patriot's Elementary School
 * Harrisburg Elementary School
 * Cox Mill High School, 2009 (Chargers)
 * Harris Road Middle School (split)
 * Cox Mill Elementary School (2002)
 * W.R. Odell Elementary School (first established in 1929)
 * West Cabarrus High School, 2020 (Wolverines)

Non-traditional schools

 * Opportunity School – Glenn Center (alternative school)
 * Mary Frances Wall Center
 * Cabarrus-Kannapolis Early College High School
 * Cabarrus Early College of Technology High School
 * Performance Learning Center
 * Lockhart Early Learning Center
 * Cabarrus Virtual Academy

J.N. Fries Middle School
J.N. Fries Middle School is a magnet school in the Cabarrus County Schools system. It offers a STEM program.

History
J.N. Fries opened in 1990 with a designed capacity of 900 students. It was a traditional middle school, named after the late Dr. Joseph Nelson Fries. He served as CCS superintendent from 1977 to 1988 and led the county through many transitions. By 1995, the school had over 1,230 students. The original middle school fed into Central Cabarrus High and at its peak (before it became a magnet) had 1,542 students. The mascot was named the Knight, often referred to as the Noble Knight. It has been named a School of Distinction for many years in North Carolina.

In the 2011–2012 school year, J.N. Fries reopened as a magnet school, housing the STEM and International Studies programs. Since then, students residing in Cabarrus County can apply to attend J.N. Fries. Those who meet the academic requirements are then placed into a lottery if there are no slots currently available.

Principals
The stem school (after its reopening) has been headed by four principals:
 * Dr. Kecia Coln
 * Dr. Jim Williams
 * Kristy Bullock
 * Sherry Lee (she previously served at Harris Road Middle)

The current STEM Coach is Megan Charlton. The current Assistant Principals are Micah Thompson and Germeka Ugandapo.

Clubs
Several different clubs are offered at J.N. Fries, including FBLA, Arts and Crafts, Battle of the Books, Honor Band, Open Gym, Community Service, and many more.

Dr. Joseph Nelson Fries
Dr. Fries was born Aug. 16, 1927 in Rowan County, to the late Joseph Abram (Jack) Fries and Nellie Penley Fries. He graduated from Boyden High School, earned his bachelor's degree from Catawba College, completed his master's studies at Appalachian State University, and received his advanced administration certificate from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was awarded his doctorate degree in education from Duke University. During World War II, he voluntarily served in the United States Army, Btry. B 3rd BN. 1st Regt. R.T.C. final station, Okinawa, Japan.

His uncle Channing Hilliard Fries, Jr. first hired him as a teacher and coach in Nashville. After moving to Concord, he taught sixth grade at Clara Harris School. He served as the first principal of Beverly Hills School from 1954 to 1965. Dr. Fries devoted over 39 years of his professional career to public education in North Carolina, having served as superintendent of Cabarrus County Schools from 1977 to 1988. Dr. Fries was a member of numerous professional organizations and boards, including the Cabarrus County Fair Board and the Rotary Club. He served as president of the North Carolina Association of School Administrators, the Concord Kiwanis Club, and the Cabarrus County Retired School Personnel of NCAE. He encouraged everyone to continue their education. Following his retirement, J.N. Fries Middle School was named to honor his commitment to the children of Cabarrus County.

Growth
As the population of Cabarrus County has exploded over the past fifteen years, so too has the size of the school system. In 2001 the county opened Jay M. Robinson High School, the first new high school in Cabarrus County in 35 years. However, new schools at all three levels tend to become quickly overcrowded (Robinson High School, built for 1,500 students, opened in the fall of 2005 with nearly 1,800 students enrolled). Therefore, new schools are being constantly planned and added, with eight new schools having been constructed since 1996 (plus four new buildings for outdated existing schools). The 2016–17 school year saw an opening of another new elementary school, the Odell 3–5 building (Odell Elementary School), which was constructed on the old Odell site. The Odell already in place will become the K-2 building and will be called Odell Primary School. Two new schools are scheduled to open in the 2020–2021 school year, West Cabarrus High School as well as Hickory Ridge Elementary School.

Soccer partnership
Since 2005 FC Carolina Alliance Youth Soccer Club has served as the administrator for Cabarrus County Schools Middle School Soccer League. FCCA provides the venue, schedule, uniforms, coaches, referees, and end-of-season awards for a successful middle school soccer program. The program is open to all middle school boys and girls. Each school may enter a maximum of two teams in the boy's league, and two teams in the girl's league. (If a school is only able to form a co-ed team then that team will play in the boys division.) The program is run in a league format with an end-of-season play off tournament. Each team plays between 8–12 games, depending on their play-off results. The partnership with FCCA was terminated in 2014.

FCCA also works with Cabarrus County School's "Kid's Plus" after-school program, providing free soccer clinics to Cabarrus County elementary schools.

title: Cabarrus County Schools


text: Category:Citrates

title: Category:Citrates


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tom gaffe

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:20, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Tom gaffe
Doesn't sound particularly notable. Greatest claim to fame seems to be managing a youth venue somewhere. Delete. — J I P | Talk 06:11, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: nn vanity. -mysekurity 07:03, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. DarthVader 07:31, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. the wub  "?/!"  07:57, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete same as above Djadek 09:17, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 09:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm sure he does good work, but nn. --Etacar11 00:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Andrew Probert

Andrew Probert (born 1946 in Independence, Missouri) is an American artist. He is known for his work with the Star Trek franchise, most notably the designs of the USS Enterprise for Star Trek: The Motion Picture and the Enterprise-D for Star Trek: The Next Generation.

After spending some time in the United States Navy, Probert studied at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California.

His first film/TV work was on Glen A. Larson's 1978 ABC miniseries Battlestar Galactica, for which he was recommended by artist Ralph McQuarrie. For Galactica, Andrew contributed the design for the Cylon Centurions.

In 1978, he was hired by Robert Abel and Associates to work on Star Trek: The Motion Picture, where he worked as a concept designer/illustrator. When Abel's group was replaced, Andrew survived the transition to the group of new effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull. Andrew was primarily responsible for designing the human and Vulcan space technology seen in the film, including the refitted starship Enterprise, Space Drydock, Orbital Office Complex, Travel Pod, Work Bee support vehicles, and the Vulcan long range shuttlecraft. His concept sketches for the bridge set of the Klingon battlecruiser set the style for all future Klingon ship interiors.

In 1983, Probert returned to television, working on the pilot episode of Airwolf (1984). He designed the external fuselage attachments for the Airwolf helicopter, based on a Bell 222, as well as both versions of the internal Electronic Data Command Center, the show's iconic logotype and wolf insignia, flight suit costumes and other miscellaneous items within Archangel's office. He also story-boarded most of the aerial sequences on the show for the 2nd Unit team during the series' run from 1984-1986.

In 1984, he worked on Back to the Future, initially drawing storyboards but then continuing the design of the DeLorean time machine that had been started by Ron Cobb.

Also in 1984, he designed the motorcycle for the pilot episode of Street Hawk, which was later redesigned for the series by Ron Cobb.

In 1986, he joined the staff of the then new series Star Trek: The Next Generation where he was initially hired to design the bridge of the new starship, the Enterprise-D. However, after the show's producers saw a speculative Enterprise sketch that Probert had produced he was tasked with designing the starship's exterior as well. During his one season stint on The Next Generation, he also designed the exteriors of virtually every other space vehicle seen in the first year of the show, including the Romulan Warbird.

His film and television work also includes stints on *batteries not included, SpaceCamp, Mask, Tron and The Philadelphia Experiment. He also worked four years as a Show Designer at Walt Disney Imagineering.

On February 6, 2006, Perpetual Entertainment and CBS Media announced that Probert had been employed as an initial design consultant for the first incarnation of the MMOG Star Trek Online.

In May 2013, Probert began communicating with Jamie Anderson, resulting in Conceptual Consulting on Anderson's first book project: GF-1, written by M.G. Harris, continuing into 2015.

title: Andrew Probert


text:
Talk:Ducted fan

I removed the sentence which implied 'high-bypass ducted fans ... are optimized for high-speed flight.' Based on the actual use of turbofans in the US military aircraft, high-bypass turbofans are found in a handful of combat aircraft (A-10 Warthog being one of them, with a bypass ratio of ~ 8:1.) The supersonic fighters F14, F15, F16, F18, and Mig-29 all use low-bypass ( < 0.8:1) turbofans. High-bypass turbofans are more efficient (than pure jet-engines) at high subsonic velocities.

anonymous (68.122.56.147) - 07/10/2005

"An unshrouded propeller is limited since their tip speeds approach the sound barrier at lower rpms." Shouldn't it say higher RPMs? -(Simm 11:41, 28 April 2006 (UTC))

 * I believe it should read 'lower rpms than an equivalent shrouded propeller'. ericg ✈ 16:36, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Kinds of ducted fans
This article makes the assumption that the only ducted fan is an airplane propulsive device. Ducted fans are a very common high-efficiency cooling fan design. For instance, almost all PC cooling fans are a simple form of ducted fan.

Should there be a separate page on the more common use of 'ducted fan' to refer to these air movers, or should there just be a short bit added to the front of this article that would mention other uses of the term? Loren.wilton (talk) 02:56, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I expanded this article to include ventilation fans and the term jet fan.   Comfr (talk) 03:16, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

Many fictional aircraft have used ducted fans, for example the GDI Orca VTOL, or the GIJOE Dragonhawk transport, or the RDA Gunships in avatar. So when people think of a ducted-fan they think of aircraft. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.99.68.169 (talk) 13:54, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

RC Aircraft Speed Claims
Can we get a reference for the 200mph speed claim? Perhaps that is meant to be a scale speed? JPelham (talk) 13:59, 24 April 2012 (UTC) I know that 100mph is "pretty fast" for a model aircraft, but entirely achievable, and that would be a scale speed on the order of 1000mph. I can't back up the 200mph claim, but 200mph scale speed would be rather banal

Contradiction
"Ducted fans are favoured in VTOL aircraft such as the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, and other low-speed designs such as hovercraft for their higher thrust-to-weight ratio." "At low speeds, the presence of the duct may create more drag than extra thrust, and therefore its comparative advantage to an open prop is canceled."

Without qualification, these two statements would seem to contradict one another; suggesting that low speed use is both favorable and a disadvantage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.131.162.68 (talk) 02:24, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

Two different definitions of "Low speed". The first talks about aircraft that move too slowly to generate lift with a wing. High-efficiency ducted fans are used to keep these vehicles afloat. The second talks about lowering the speed of the fans themselves, which ducted fans don't do well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.23.24.249 (talk) 14:16, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

"Ducted Fan" vs. "Ducted Propeller"
See "Ducted propeller": Am I understanding correctly that "ducted propeller" is the in-water type, while the in-air operating object is called Ducted Fan ? Or what is the difference?

Problem comes from german wikipedia: Article "Mantelpropeller" translates to "Ducted propeller", but is linked to "Ducted fan".

People are arguing about

"a fan (Turbofan) (blade ) is not a propeller because a propeller bases on generating Aerodynamic force/Lift (force) (Airfoil), while a Turbofan blade works mainly with impulse and bare Acceleration of the air (no frontward ≈aerodynamic lift≈)".

Discussion please at "Talk:Ducted propeller" (keeping it at one position). --129.247.247.239 (talk) 09:27, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

Casting a reader's vote in favor of retaining the Pro/Con section
Dear ducted fan editors,

I would like to humbly cast a vote in favor of retaining the pro/con style of that section (contrary to the general Wikipedia aversion to that format). I sought out this article specifically for such a comparison and was well served by what I found.

I read the Wikipedia argument against that format which seems to assume that a pro/con section necessarily implies contention. I disagree. The pro/con section in the ducted fan article is a concise expression of relative tradeoffs in different applications with different objectives.

Just my little vote.

Andy

P.S. Do not hesitate to remove this comment after you have seen it. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.90.95.158 (talk) 02:50, 22 January 2014 (UTC)

Tip speed limits, Reynolds number and maximum rotational speeds
One of the key reasons for using a ducted fan is its ability to increase Reynolds number within the duct, thus to increase the rotational speed before the tip speed becomes supersonic (a typical hard limit on propeller performance - propellers don't operate well with supersonic tips). Yet neither of these are mentioned in the article. Instead the article claims that rotational speeds are increased solely because there are more blades (untrue) and that they're shorter (which might be a mechanical construction virtue, but isn't an aerodynamic one). Andy Dingley (talk) 10:29, 5 February 2018 (UTC)
 * "One of the key reasons for using a ducted fan is its ability to increase Reynolds number within the duct". Do you have a source which explains this statement? Thanks.Pieter1963 (talk) 00:49, 19 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ducted fan


text:
Tracinda

Tracinda Corporation is an American private investment corporation that was owned by the deceased Kirk Kerkorian. Its major investments included a minority interest of MGM Resorts International. Tracinda is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. The company was named after Kerkorian's daughters, Tracy and Linda.

History
Tracinda formerly owned ten percent of General Motors; it sold all of its stock in November 2006.

Tracinda offered $4.5 billion to buy Chrysler on April 5, 2007, causing the shares of DaimlerChrysler to soar 5.3%. Ultimately, the bid failed and Chrysler was sold to Cerberus Capital Management.

Kerkorian also bid, unsuccessfully, in 1995 to take over Chrysler.

On May 16, 2008, Tracinda contacted Ford shareholders in a bid to buy 20,000,000 shares by June 4, 2008, at a rate of $8.50 a share. Later on, the bid was processed, and the company bought the shares through Ahmed Adnan, an investor.

On October 20, 2008, Tracinda sold more than 7 million shares of Ford at an average price of roughly $2.44 a share.

On December 29, 2008, Tracinda sold his remaining shares in Ford Motor Company.

In May 2009, following the completion of a $1 billion stock offering by MGM Mirage, Kerkorian and Tracinda lost their majority ownership of the gaming company, dropping from 53.8 percent to 39 percent and, even after pledging to purchase 10 percent of the new stock offering, they became minority owners.

Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian died on June 15, 2015, at the age of 98.

On September 16, 2019, MGM Resorts announced that Tracinda informed the company that it had disposed of its stake in the resort company following instructions left in Kerkorian's Will that upon his death Tracinda was supposed to dispose of its interest in the resort company in a timely manner.

title: Tracinda


text:
First Civil War

First Civil War may refer to:

 * First Civil War (Kazakh Khanate) (1522–1538)
 * First War of Religion (1562-1563) in the French Civil Wars of Religion
 * First English Civil War (1642–1646)
 * First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972)
 * First Liberian Civil War (1989-1996)

title: First Civil War


text:
User:Father Cory

Famous quotes:

Two plus two almost never exactly equals five.

If I were any cooler, I'd be Antarctica, in the same way that if I were any hotter, I'd be Death Valley.

title: User:Father Cory


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/GTA: San Andreas Guide

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:03, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

GTA: San Andreas Guide
An attempt to write a video game guide. Not an encyclopedic topic, but the author might want to look into Wikibooks. Don't know if they accept video game guides. Rhobite 06:16, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. Kaibabsquirrel 06:29, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. --Blu Aardvark 06:31, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, I would have voted to transwiki to Wikibooks, but there are about ten different guides on Wikibooks on various parts of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Cyclone49 06:35, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Cyclone49. I have personally seen the books, in response to Rhobite. Perhaps Thankingcobra would like to look there? (and maybe at some of the wikitutorials?). -mysekurity 07:05, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, GameFAQs calling? --Madchester 07:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 09:25, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the wikibooks already exist and this adds nothing to them yet. Gently inform author about Wikibooks and why game guides don't belong here.- Mgm|(talk) 10:07, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete pending creation of a WikiGamer project. Almafeta 21:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete & Redirect to Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas - Agent003
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Dez Fafara

Bradley James "Dez" Fafara (born May 12, 1966) is an American vocalist who performs in the metal bands DevilDriver and Coal Chamber.

Early life
Fafara is of Portuguese and Italian descent. His father, Tiger Fafara, and his late uncle, Stanley Fafara, were child actors on the Leave It to Beaver television sitcom.

He has had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder his whole life.

Fafara adopted the nickname "Dez" in honor of Dez Cadena, vocalist and guitarist for Black Flag and an early influence on Fafara.

Coal Chamber
Fafara released a total of five albums with Coal Chamber. Four of the albums, Coal Chamber (1997), Chamber Music (1999), and Dark Days (2002), consisted of new material. Two compilation albums were released, one of remixes, rarities, and B-sides, titled Giving the Devil His Due (2003), and a "Best Of" (2004) collection. Coal Chamber disbanded in 2003, shortly after Fafara formed his current band DevilDriver.

On September 26, 2011, it was announced that Coal Chamber would reunite for Australia's Soundwave Festival, which took place in early 2012. As of October 2012, according to Fafara, new material from Coal Chamber is in the works.

Coal Chamber participated in a tour with Sevendust and Stolen Babies in early 2013. According to Fafara, the fourth album was completed in December 2014 before its release in 2015. Coal Chamber now is disbanded and last consisted of the three founding members; Fafara, Miguel Rascon and Mikey Cox, with bassist Nadja Peulen rejoining the band in 2013, having originally played with Coal Chamber in 1999 and 2002. The band collaborated with Ministry's Al Jourgensen for their fourth studio album, titled 'Rivals'.

DevilDriver
Currently, Fafara, as part of DevilDriver, has released ten studio albums, DevilDriver (2003), The Fury of Our Maker's Hand (2005), The Last Kind Words (2007), Pray for Villains (2009), Beast (2011), Winter Kills (2013), Trust No One (2016), Outlaws 'til the End: Vol. 1 (2018), Dealing with Demons I (2020) and Dealing with Demons II (2023). DevilDriver was also nominated for a Golden Gods Award in 2008 for the best break-through metal band.

Collaborations
Fafara has appeared on more than twelve soundtrack records, including Scream 3: The Album, which also went gold. He also collaborated with Ozzy Osbourne for a remake of "Shock the Monkey", a song originally by Peter Gabriel, that was released on the Coal Chamber album Chamber Music. This song propelled this record to debut 22 on the Billboard charts upon release.

Fafara recorded and provided vocals for the song "Baptized in the Redemption" on Roadrunner Records' 25th anniversary compilation album Roadrunner United, alongside Dino Cazares (Fear Factory), Andreas Kisser (Sepultura), Paul Gray (Slipknot) and Roy Mayorga (Stone Sour, ex-Soulfly). Dez worked with Nikki Sixx (Mötley Crüe) on a song called "Where Is God Tonight?"

In November 2011, it was announced that Fafara would appear on a track in Soulfly's eighth studio album. The album is titled Enslaved and was released on March 13; the song Fafara appears in is called "Redemption of Man by God." In 2012, he performed on the song "Bastards!" by Canadian hardcore band Cancer Bats on their album Dead Set on Living.

Personal life
Fafara's wife is named Anahstasia, and she appears on the cover of the second Coal Chamber album Chamber Music. Fafara has three sons, born in 1991, 1994 and 1997.

Fafara is a vegan. He expresses disgust towards the idea that animals are used for food and feels that people are starting to view plant-based foods as "good for your body, good for the environment." Fafara also said that going vegan made a substantial improvement on his health. Fafara is also freemason, citing his interest in charity for the Navajo nation in the American southwest as the driving factor for him to join.

title: Dez Fafara


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Spartel

Spartel Bank or Majuán Bank is a submerged former island located in the Strait of Gibraltar near Cape Spartel and the Spartel Sill. Its highest point is currently 56 metres below the surface. Spartel Bank is one of several seamounts in the bed of Gibraltar Strait; similar but deeper seamounts are found at Camarinal Sill and further east. These represent landslide blocks which slid south from the north bank of the Strait of Gibraltar when the strait was formed, possibly through erosion by inflowing waters of the Zanclean flood.

It vanished under the surface approximately 12,000 years ago due to rising ocean levels from melting ice caps after the last Glacial Maximum. It has been proposed by researchers Jacques Collina-Girard and Marc-André Gutscher as a site for the legendary lost island of Atlantis. In follow-up correspondence, however, Gutscher indicated that the island could not have been Atlantis, referring to Plato's description of a Bronze Age society, which Spartel could not have supported at the time. A detailed review in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review comments on the discrepancies in Collina-Girard's dates and use of coincidences, concluding that he "has certainly succeeded in throwing some light upon some momentous developments in human prehistory in the area west of Gibraltar. Just as certainly, however, he has not found Plato's Atlantis."

title: Spartel


text:
Kristine Hanson

Kristine Hanson (born September 23, 1951, in Illinois) is an American television broadcaster who also was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the September 1974 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by David Chan.

She was previously the host of DIY Network's The Dirt on Gardening.

Hanson has been the weather presenter on KTXL and KCRA in Sacramento, California, on KTVU, KGO, and KRON in San Francisco, and KZST in Santa Rosa, California. She is currently a meteorologist on KOVR in Sacramento, California.

She won an Emmy Award and a first place award for American Women in Radio and Television.

She holds communication studies and theatre arts degrees from California State University, Sacramento and a degree in meteorology from San Francisco State University.

title: Kristine Hanson


text:
Suzaku (satellite)

Suzaku (formerly ASTRO-EII) was an X-ray astronomy satellite developed jointly by the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science at JAXA and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center to probe high-energy X-ray sources, such as supernova explosions, black holes and galactic clusters. It was launched on 10 July 2005 aboard the M-V launch vehicle on the M-V-6 mission. After its successful launch, the satellite was renamed Suzaku after the mythical Vermilion bird of the South.

Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005, the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred. These ultimately caused the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This effectively shut down the X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2), which was the spacecraft's primary instrument. The two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into the Hitomi X-ray satellite, launched in 2016, which also was lost weeks after launch. A Hitomi successor, XRISM, launched on 7 September 2023, with an X-ray Spectrometer (Resolve) onboard as the primary instrument.

On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications with Suzaku had been intermittent since 1 June 2015 and that the resumption of scientific operations would take a lot of work to accomplish, given the spacecraft's condition. Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, as Suzaku had exceeded its design lifespan by eight years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters on Suzaku to switch themselves off.

Spacecraft instruments
Suzaku carried high spectroscopic resolution, very wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up to gamma-rays (0.3–600 keV). High-resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors in physically investigating high-energy astronomical phenomena, such as black holes and supernovas. One such feature, the K-line (x-ray), may be key to more direct imaging of black holes.

 * X-ray Telescope (XRT)
 * X-ray Spectrometer-2 (XRS-2)
 * X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
 * Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
 * Uses Gadolinium Silicate crystal (GSO), Gd2SiO5(Ce)
 * Uses Bismuth Germanate crystal (BGO), Bi4Ge3O12

Results
Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant.

ASTRO-E
Suzaku was a replacement for ASTRO-E, which was lost in a launch failure. The M-V launch vehicle on the M-V-4 mission launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00 UTC. It experienced a failure of 1st stage engine nozzle 42 seconds into the launch, causing control system breakdown and underperformance. Later stages could not compensate for underperformance, leaving payload in 250 mi x 50 mi orbit and subsequent reentry and crashed with its payload into the Indian Ocean.

title: Suzaku (satellite)


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Flowing Hair dollar

The Flowing Hair dollar was the first dollar coin issued by the United States federal government. The coin was minted in 1794 and 1795; its size and weight were based on the Spanish dollar, which was popular in trade throughout the Americas.

In 1791, following a study by Alexander Hamilton, Congress passed a joint resolution calling for the establishment of a national mint. Later that year, in his third State of the Union address, President George Washington urged Congress to provide for a mint, which was officially authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792. Despite the authorization, silver and gold coins were not struck until 1794. The Flowing Hair dollar, designed by Robert Scot, was initially produced in 1794, and again in 1795. In October 1795 the design was replaced by the Draped Bust dollar.

Background

Beginning in the 1780s, a large number of prominent Americans called for the establishment of a central mint to supply the United States with official coinage; all such proposals failed due in large part to lack of funds and opposition from individuals and groups who preferred that coins be struck by the individual states. Since there were no federal coins issued, the needs of the states were fulfilled by a variety of domestic and foreign coins and tokens, including Spanish peso, eight-real coins (popularly known as Spanish dollars or pieces of eight).

In 1789, the United States Constitution, which granted Congress the power "to coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures", was ratified and came into force. The following year, Congress began deliberating on the state of the nation's monetary system and coinage. On January 28, 1791, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton presented a report to Congress detailing the findings of a study he had conducted on the monetary system and the potential of a United States mint. As part of his study, Hamilton had a series of assay tests of Spanish dollars performed, as that was the coin upon which the United States monetary system would be based. After viewing the results, the secretary recommended that the silver content of the United States dollar be based on the average silver content of the pesos tested. Hamilton's recommendation was that the dollar should contain 371.25 grains of silver and have a gross weight of 416 grains, the balance being copper. On March 3, 1791, after reviewing Hamilton's report, Congress passed a joint resolution authorizing a federal mint; the resolution, however, gave no specifics or appropriations.

Establishment of the Mint
In his third annual address to Congress, later known as the State of the Union address, delivered on October 25, 1791, in Philadelphia, President George Washington urged members of Congress to put the joint resolution approved earlier that year into immediate effect:

"The disorders in the existing currency, and especially the scarcity of small change, a scarcity so peculiarly distressing to the poorer classes, strongly recommend the carrying into immediate effect the resolution already entered into concerning the establishment of a mint. Measures have been taken pursuant to that resolution for procuring some of the most necessary artists, together with the requisite apparatus."

In response, the Senate appointed a committee chaired by Robert Morris to draft the necessary specifications and legislation that would officially create a federal mint and coinage. The committee presented a bill before Congress on December 21, 1791, which stated in part that the new dollar coin (which was to form the basis of the United States monetary system) should contain 371 grains of silver and a total weight of 416 grains, as Hamilton had earlier recommended. The new silver coins were to be struck in an alloy containing 1,485 parts out of 1,664 (about 89.24 percent) fine silver, with the remainder copper, intended to equal the silver in Spanish dollars. However, an assay of the Spanish dollars was in error—they were in fact 65/72 silver (about 90.28 percent) with the remainder copper.

One provision in Morris' legislation called for President Washington to be depicted on the obverse side of every coin struck by the new mint. The bill passed the Senate after debate, but it was altered in the House of Representatives to instead call for the head of an allegorical figure representing Liberty to appear. Upon returning to the Senate, the upper house insisted on its version of the design provision. The House rejected the provision for the second time and passed another version of the bill, after which the Senate concurred. The law, known as the Coinage Act of 1792, was signed into law on April 2, 1792, by President Washington. The Act provided for the creation of the United States Mint, and appropriated money to meet the cost of construction of an appropriate facility, and for salaries for employees and officials. The denominations sanctioned under the Act were half cents, cents, half dimes, dimes, quarter dollars, half dollars, dollars, quarter eagles, half eagles and eagles. On July 31, 1792, the foundation stone of the Philadelphia Mint was laid by newly appointed Mint Director David Rittenhouse. Machinery and personnel began occupying the new building by September 1792, and production began on cents in February 1793. In the first year of production at the Mint, only copper coins were minted, as the prospective assayer could not raise the required $10,000 surety to officially assume the position; the 1792 Coinage Act stated that both the chief coiner and assayer were to "become bound to the United States of America, with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury, in the sum of ten thousand dollars". Later that year, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson appealed to Congress that the amount of the bonds be lowered. On March 3, 1794, Congress lowered the bonds to $5,000 and $1,000 for chief coiner and assayer, respectively.

Design creation

Early in 1794, engraver Robert Scot began preparing designs for the silver dollar. Scot's initial design depicted a bust of Liberty, while his reverse featured an eagle, both required by the 1792 Coinage Act. Scot's design closely followed his design for the cent, but with the Phrygian cap removed. Government officials later instructed Scot to include a wreath around the eagle and to move the denomination from the reverse face to the edge of the coin. After receiving approval, Scot began engraving the hubs for the new silver dollar. Extra care was taken during the engraving of this denomination, because the dollar would be the largest American coin, and would thus receive the most scrutiny from foreign nations. The lettering was executed by Frederick Geiger, who had worked as a typographer for various books and newspapers. After the dies were created, several copper test pieces were struck. Officials decided to add fifteen stars around the periphery, representing the fifteen states that had ratified the Constitution to that point, to the right-facing Liberty on the obverse.

Minting
Now that mintage of the silver denominations could begin, the Mint began seeking depositors to bring in silver and gold bullion to be coined. After receiving several deposits, assayer Albion Cox notified Rittenhouse of his beliefs that the .892 standard approved for silver coinage was difficult to produce and that it would darken if put into circulation. Instead, Cox recommended that the purity be modified to .900 fine, but also that the weight be kept at 416 grains. This meant that the new alloy was contrary to statute and that all depositors would be overcharged for their silver bullion deposits, as there was a higher silver content in the coins than was allowed by the Coinage Act of 1792. The Mint's action cost suppliers of silver about one percent of their deposit; the largest depositor, John Vaughan, reckoned his loss at $2,260. Congress approved his petition for reimbursement in 1800, after several delays.

Before the coins could be struck, the edge lettering and devices had to be impressed on the edge of the planchets. This action was performed with a device known as the Castaing machine; the machine stamped the edge with the words "Hundred Cents One Dollar or Unit" along with ornamentation. As production was inexact, many planchets intended for silver dollars were overweight. This was remedied by filing the face of the planchets; for this reason, the coins vary in weight more dramatically than later issues, which were minted with more precise equipment.

The first silver dollars were struck on October 15, 1794. The silver used for the 1794 dollars came solely from silver ingots deposited with the Mint by Mint Director David Rittenhouse on August 22, 1794. Per a handwritten coin transfer warrant issued by Director Rittenhouse on October 15, 1794, 1,758 silver dollars were transferred from the custody of Chief Coiner Henry Voigt to the custody of Mint Treasurer Dr. Nicholas Way. Also on October 15, per a handwritten coin return warrant issued by Director Rittenhouse, the 1,758 silver dollars were transferred from the custody of Mint Treasurer Dr. Nicholas Way to David Rittenhouse, as a partial coin return towards his August 22 silver deposits. The 1,758 coins that were struck by Chief Coiner Henry Voigt, though acceptable, were poorly struck due to issues with the coining press that was used during early production at the Mint. It was a man-powered screw press intended for use on coins no larger than a half dollar.

On October 16, 1794, after receiving a silver dollar from David Rittenhouse, Secretary of State Edmund Randolph forwarded the dollar coin to President Washington for his inspection. In an attempt to help circulate the coins, Rittenhouse spent many of the new coins and traded them for foreign coins to market the new products of the Mint. Others were distributed to VIPs and distinguished visitors to the Mint. After the initial production, Rittenhouse ordered all dollar coin production to end until Mint personnel could build a more powerful press that would be capable of better striking the coins. The Columbian Centinel (Boston, MA) first wrote an article about the new dollar coins on November 26, 1794: "Some of the new dollars now coining at the Mint of the United States have found their way to this town. A correspondent put one in into the editor's hands yesterday. Its weight is equal to that of a Spanish dollar, but the metal appears finer ... The tout ensemble (entire design) has a pleasing effect to a connoisseur, but the touches of the [en] graver are too delicate, and there is a want of that boldness of execution which is necessary to durability and currency"

The new coinage press was completed in early 1795, and the first group of dollars, totalling 3,810 coins, was delivered on May 6. The coins struck on May 8 may have borne a 1794 date, however there is no document or evidence to support such a statement. A number of 1795 dollars (along with one 1794 issue) are known to have been struck with a silver plug set into the center, measuring approximately 8 mm. It is believed that this was done to correct the weight of underweight planchets. The total mintage for the second and final year of production is estimated at 160,295. In total, 203,033 silver dollars were struck in 1795, but it is unknown exactly how many of those were of the Flowing Hair type, as the Draped Bust dollar succeeded it in October 1795; the Draped Bust dollar was designed by portraitist Gilbert Stuart at the behest of Rittenhouse's successor as Mint Director, Henry DeSaussure.

Collecting
Throughout its history, the 1794 dollar has widely been considered one of the rarest and most valuable of all United States coins. In a September 1880 issue of The Coin Journal, the author noted that a good quality specimen of the 1794 dollar was valued at fifty dollars. In the early 1990s, numismatic historian Jack Collins estimated the surviving number of the coins to be between 120 and 130. In 2013, the finest known example, which was among the earliest coins struck and was prepared with special care, was sold at auction for $10,016,875, the highest selling price of any coin in history. The dollar was graded Specimen-66 by the Professional Coin Grading Service, noting the special conditions under which it was struck. The coin, which had previously been owned by Colonel E.H.R. Green, was sold by Stack's Bowers Galleries in a public auction in January 2013. It was previously sold in 2010 for what was then a record sum of $7.85 million, to the Cardinal Collection Educational Foundation. Steven Contursi, a former owner of the coin, said that it was a "national treasure" and that he was proud to have been its "custodian" from 2003 until its sale in 2010. Martin Logies, representative of the foundation that purchased the coin, said that of all the rarities he had seen, he believed that one was the "single most important of all".

title: Flowing Hair dollar