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St Clement, Jersey

St Clement (Jèrriais: Saint Cliément) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Its parish hall is around 3.6 km south-east of St Helier. The parish has a population of 9,221 and is the second most densely populated.

Located on the south-east coast of the island, stretching from Le Dicq in the west to near La Rocque in the east, it is the smallest parish, with a surface area of just 2,440 vergées (4 km2).

The parish is largely suburbanised, with a large spread of post-war low-density housing development. There is no easily definable centre to the parish. The parish hall, schools and church are located in different areas. The parish is also home to a number of sports facilities, such as FB Fields and St Clement's Golf Club.

Toponymy
In pre-Norman times, the area now known as St Clement was known as Petravilla or Pierreville. This is named for Peter, a monk who gave his lands in St Clement to the Mont Saint-Michel abbey.

The modern parish derives its name from its parish church, which is dedicated to St Clement, the third Pope in succession to St Peter. The church's full name is Saint Clement de Pierreville.

Samarès, its namesake manor, and now the name of a district of and a suburb located in St Clement, is a surname that is a corruption of the phrase "Salt marsh". It appeared in 1186 as Salmaresch.

History

Much of the parish lies below equinoctial high-tide level and was frequently flooded before Le Dicq was built to try to hold back the sea somewhat. There are remains of a submerged forest underneath the sand at Grève d'Azette that show how the parish has reduced in size as the sea has advanced. Large floods in 1688, 1796 and 1812 led to the coast road at Le Hocq being swept away by the sea and necessitated the coast road being rebuilt further inland.

In 1172 it was recorded that a chapel existed in the parish, and there was a priory on the site of the old Priory Inn (now houses).

In the 16th and 17th centuries the parish was believed to be the centre of a witch movement. According to beliefs, the rock at Rocque Berg (known as the Witches' Rock) was the focus for witchcraft in Jersey and witches would assemble there for their sabbats on Friday nights.

After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, many French Protestants settled in the parish – as recorded on the church register.

In the mid 19th century, the town began to spread east from St Helier into the west of the parish. Today there is relatively little open green space (with the exception of the golf and football fields) west of Samarès Lane into St Helier.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St Clement. The incumbent office holder is Len Norman, who has held the office since 2008, previously having been a St Clement Deputy since 1983.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects two Deputies, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputies for St Clement are Lindsay Ash and Susie Pinel. Lindsay Ash, who is Assistant Treasury Minister, faced criticism in 2021 over a tweet mocking Oprah Winfrey's appearance following her interview with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. He apologised if the comment caused any offence, but claimed the tweet was "observational comedy" and that he "would have mocked a man for his looks as well". Under the proposed electoral reform, St Clement will form a single constituency, electing four representatives alongside its Connétable.

St Clement also has its own local administration. This, like each of the other eleven parishes, is made up of a Connétable; two Procureurs du Bien Public, who are also elected and oversee the finances of the parish; a Rector, responsible for the parish church; members of the parish Honorary Police (made up of Centeniers, Vingteniers and Constable's Officers); and other officers such as churchwardens, roads inspectors, rates assessors and a registrar. The parish is divided into vingtaines for administrative purposes as follows:
 * La Grande Vingtaine
 * La Vingtaine du Rocquier
 * La Vingtaine de Samarès

The seat of the parish administration is the Salle Paroissiale, or Parish Hall, which is pictured above and located at Le Hocq. This is the newest parish hall in the island; the previous parish hall in St Clement was located at Caldwell Hall, on La Grande Route de St Clément (St Clement's Inner Road).

Geography
St Clement is located in the south-east of the island of Jersey, the largest island of the Channel Islands archipelago, part of the British Isles. Administratively, the parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey. It borders St Saviour to the west and north and Grouville to the east and north. It is a short distance from the boundary of the island's capital, St Helier, at Le Dicq, where there is only a short stretch of coastline in St Saviour. The parish is mostly low-lying and coastal, however, le Mont de Grouville stretches into the parish. The whole rocky inter-tidal zone that stretches along St Clement's coast is part of a Ramsar site of special significance.

The parish has extensive suburban development, part of the urban sprawl of the town of St Helier. This includes residential estates at Samarès, Le Squez and Pontac. There is no real definable urban centre to the parish as the parish's facilities are spread out across its land area.

Demography
The population of St Clement, according to the 2011 census is 9,221.

Landmarks
The dolmen at Mont Ubé (off La Blinerie) is believed to have been left there by a pre-Celtic race called the Iberians, in around 3,000 B.C. Remains of a cemetery on La Motte (Green Island) are believed to be from later settlers. A Neolithic cairn and middens on La Motte have also been investigated. Samarès Manor (Jèrriais: Mangni d'Sanmathès) is a manor house with medieval origins in the Vingtaine de Samarès, and is the traditional home of the Seigneur de Samarès. The name Samarès is an old French word meaning salt-marsh, and much of the low lying surrounding areas are or were coastal marshes.

Le Hocq Tower was built in 1778 as a coastal defence against the French when they sided with the American colonies against the British.

Seymour Tower sits two miles offshore on one of the largest inter-tidal reefs in the world. Built as part of Jersey's coastal defences, this square tower dates from the 18th century.

Twin towns
St Clement is twinned with:

Before 2010, it was the only parish to not be twinned to a French town and it is the only parish to be twinned with a town in Brittany rather than Normandy.
 * 🇫🇷 Cancale, Brittany

Transport
There are two main roads that run east–west through the parish: the A5 St Clement's Inner Road (known in French as La Grande Route de St Clement) and the A6 St Clement's Coast Road (known in French as La Grande Route de la Côte). The Eastern Cycle Network is focused within the parish, with plans to construct a cycle route from the boundary with St Saviour to the boundary with Grouville (onto Gorey and St Helier). As part of the scheme, a number of new cycle paths have opened in the parish, such as near Le Rocquier School, and a modal filter was introduced on Rue de Maupertuis.

Education

St Clement has two primary schools and one secondary school within its borders.

Le Rocquier School is a secondary school, on La Grande Route de St Clement. The original school buildings were replaced with a new building in 2006.

The parish school of St Clement is located on Rue de la Chapelle, a short distance from Le Rocquier School. The original buildings dates back to 1901, and was replaced in 2006 with a brand new building on the opposite side of the road.

Samarès School (formerly Le Squez School) is the other primary school, which is located further east in School Road.

Religious sites

The parish church of St Clement is an ancient place of Anglican worship located on La Grande Route de St Clément (St Clement's inner road). St Nicholas is a smaller, sister church, located on La Grande Route de la Côte (the coast road). It was opened in 1927 after being planned, financed and largely built by the Reverend L.B. Lee.

The St Patrick's Roman Catholic Church is located on La Grande Route de St Clément at Samarès.

The Samarès Methodist Church is located on La Grande Route de la Côte, and is the southernmost church in the British Isles. However, as of February 2012, there are no longer any religious services at the church, but the church remains open for use as a community centre.

Sport
There are a number of sports centres located within the parish. FB Playing Fields is a large outdoor sports centre located on the St Clement's Inner Road. The site was gifted to the island under a Covenant by Florence Boot, the wife of the man who transformed the Boots pharmacy chain into a national retailer. Sports played at the fields include athletics, cricket, football and netball. The Jersey Eastern Railway formerly ran through the site.

The St Clement's Golf Club and Sports Centre is home to a nine-hole golf course measuring 2637 yds as well as a three-hole Academy golf course. The site was opened in 1913 as the Jersey Recreation Grounds. Initially, the centre only had tennis courts and a bowling green. The St Clement's Golf Club, the St Clement's Ladies' Golf Club and the Jersey Squash and Racquetball Club are located on the site.

As part of the Government's Inspiring Active Places Strategy, a new facility will be constructed at Le Rocquier school to replace the existing school facilities. The target date for this is 2024/25. This will also provide a hub for public sports in the east of the island. It includes a large sports hall, a 3G football pitch, a permanent specialist gymnastics facility and a large fitness suite. There is the potential to provide a new swimming pool.

Notable people
The famous French writer Victor Hugo lived in Marina Terrace, St Clement for some time, and it was here that he wrote his collection of poems entitled Les Châtiments. It was the Connétable of St Clement at the time who escorted Hugo onto a steamer bound for Guernsey when he had insulted the British Royal Family in some of his letters.
 * Philip Dumaresq
 * Louisa Journeaux
 * Cecil Stanley Harrison

title: St Clement, Jersey


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Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn

Abd-Allah ibn al-Husayn (عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن), also known as Ali al-Asghar (عَلِيّ ٱلْأَصْغَر), was the youngest son of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad and the third Shia Imam. A young child, likely an infant, he was killed in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, alongside his father, family members, and a small number of supporters, all of whom were massacred by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ((r. 680 – 683)), who first surrounded them for some days and cut off their access to the nearby river Euphrates. Abd-Allah is commemorated in Shia Islam as the quintessence symbol of the innocent victim.

Birth and background

Abd-Allah was the youngest son of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam. His mother Rubab was the first wife of Husayn and the daughter of Imra' al-Qais ibn Adi, a chief of the Banu Kalb tribe. Husayn's kunya, Abu Abd-Allah, probably refers to this son. His birthdate is not known with certainty, but he was a young child in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, likely an infant. Late Shia sources commonly refer to Abd-Allah as Ali al-Asghar (lit. 'Ali, the junior'), as early as the Twelver jurist Ibn Shahrashub in his biographical Manaqib ale Abi Talib. This might be a reference to the tradition in which Husayn expressed his wish to name all his sons Ali after his father Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shia Imam and the fourth caliph ((r. 656 – 661)). Husayn indeed had two more sons named Ali, namely, Ali al-Akbar and Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin. There are further confusions as some Shia and Sunni authors variously refer to one of these two sons as Ali al-Asghar. Among them are the polymath Abu Hanifa Dinawari and the fifteenth-century historian Hasan ibn Muhammad Qomi, the author of Tarikh-i Qom.

Battle of Karbala and death (680)
Husayn denounced the accession of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya in 680. When pressed by Yazid's agents to pledge his allegiance, Husayn first fled from his hometown of Medina to Mecca and later set off for Kufa in Iraq, accompanied by his family and a small group of supporters. Among them was Rubab, according to the Sunni historian Ibn al-Athir in The Complete History. With her were her two children, Sakina and Abd-Allah, who was at the time a young child, likely an infant, as reported by the early historian Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani  in his biographical Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, and by the Shia-leaning historian al-Ya'qubi  in his Tarikh al-Ya'qubi. The tenth-century historian Abu Ali Bal'ami and the Twelver jurist Ibn Tawus report the age of Abd-Allah as one year and six months, respectively. That he was an infant is the prevalent Shia view.

Death
The small caravan of Husayn was intercepted and massacred on 10 Muharram 61 AH (10 October 680) in Karbala, near Kufa, by the Umayyad forces who first surrounded them for some days and cut off their access to the nearby river Euphrates. Abd-Allah was also killed during the battle by an arrow, though the manner of his death is uncertain. The Twelver theologian al-Mufid writes in his biographical Kitab al-Irshad that Abd-Allah was killed in his father's arms by an arrow, as Husayn was preparing to leave his family and enter the battlefield. The arrow also pierced Husayn's arm, adds the Hanafi scholar Husayn Kashefi in his martyrology Rawzat al-shuhada. Husayn then dug a small grave with his sword and buried the child, according to the Shia author al-Muwaffaq al-Kharazmi of the biographical Maqtal al-Husayn. The account in Rawzat al-shuhada is that Husayn brought Abd-Allah to the battlefield, held him up, and implored the enemy to have mercy on the thirsty children and allow them some water. The response was an arrow that killed Abd-Allah. Alternatively, Tarikh-i Qom reports that Abd-Allah was killed in his mother's arms, while the Sunni historian al-Tabari records that a badly wounded and surrounded Husayn had failed to reach the Euphrates when a man from the Banu Asad tribe shot and killed Abd-Allah in his father's lap. The man who killed Abd-Allah ibn Husayn is identified as Hani ibn Thabit Hadrami by al-Tabari, who adds that Harmala ibn Kahel killed Abd-Allah ibn Hasan, Husayn's nephew. In contrast, some others report that it was Harmala who killed Abd-Allah ibn Husayn. These authors include al-Mufid, Husayn Kashefi, and the Sunni historian al-Baladhuri in his Genealogies of the Nobles.

Aftermath
The battle ended when Husayn was beheaded, whereupon the Umayyad soldiers pillaged his camp, and severed the heads of Husayn and his fallen companions, which they then raised on spears for display. The women and children were then taken captive and marched to Kufa and later the capital Damascus. The captives were paraded in the streets of Damascus, and then imprisoned for an unknown period of time. They were eventually freed by Yazid and returned to Medina.

Commemoration
Shia Muslims commemorate the events of Karbala throughout the months of Muharram and Safar, particularly during the first ten days of Muharram, culminating on the tenth (Ashura) with processions in major Shia cities. The main component of these ritual ceremonies (maj'alis, majlis) is the narration of the stories of Karbala, intended to raise sympathy and move the audience to tears. In the Shia commemoration of Karbala, Abd-Allah is represented as an innocent child who suffered unbearable thirst, described as "the quintessence of symbol of the innocent victim." His death carries perhaps the heaviest emotional weight for the Shia mourners, and replicas of his empty cradle are often present in mourning processions. Abd-Allah is also heavily featured in the verbal narratives of the ritual practices (rawza khani) and a complete majlis is sometimes dedicated to him. As an act of commemoration, Iranian mourners often dress their baby boys in white jacket and green headband, which is how Abd-Allah is often represented in religious paintings.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn


text:
San Carlos City

San Carlos City can refer to two places in the Philippines
 * San Carlos, Negros Occidental
 * San Carlos, Pangasinan

title: San Carlos City


text: User talk:209.128.11.130

title: User talk:209.128.11.130


text:
Grouville

Grouville is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. The parish is around 3.9 km east of St Helier. The parish covers a surface area of 4,354 vergées (7.8 km²). The parish includes the south-east portion of the main island of the Bailiwick of Jersey, as well as the Minquiers islets several miles to the south, and is dominated by the broad sweep of the Royal Bay of Grouville. It borders St. Clement, St. Saviour and St. Martin.

History
The parish of Grouville shares, with the neighbouring parish of St. Martin, a dedication to St. Martin of Tours. The ecclesiastical parish and parish church are dedicated to "St. Martin de Grouville" to distinguish them from the parish of St. Martin (historically 'St. Martin le Vieux'). The Church of St Peter la Rocque was built in the 19th century.

The name 'Grouville' may derive from:

the name Groult or Gueroult is often found today in Normandy and is believed to derive from the ancient probably Norman name Gueroalt (Geirroalt)
 * the small community established in what is now the parish by St Gerou (also known as Gervold or Geraldius), an ecclesiastical troubleshooter in the employ of Charlemagne in the 9th century AD;
 * Gros Villa (great farm)
 * Geirr, the Viking leader after whom the Island may be named.

The Royal Bay of Grouville gained its royal epithet when it impressed Queen Victoria during her visit in 1846. The bay is popular with tourists for its broad sandy beach and shallow, warm water. It is also the main oyster producing area of Jersey, and was also formerly noted for the production of vraic (seaweed fertiliser). The cottage industry formerly practised by Grouvillais of burning vraic gave rise to the traditional nickname of les Enfuntchis (the smoky ones, or the dim ones, in Jèrriais) shared by the Grouvillais and their neighbours in St. Clement.

Inland, the parish is also home to Jersey's most noted archaeological site at La Hougue Bie, now a museum run by the Jersey Heritage Trust. A prehistoric artificial mound covers a passage grave aligned for the equinox. A mediaeval chapel, Notre Dame de la Clarté, built on the Neolithic mound was converted in the 18th century to a folly-like Gothic Revival residence, the Prince's Tower (demolished in the 1920s). During the German occupation of the Channel Islands in the Second World War, the German forces and imported labourers constructed bunkers in and alongside the ancient mound, now also transformed for museum interpretation.

La Rocque was the site of the landing of the French forces on 6 January 1781. The skirmish at La Platte Rocque was ancillary to the Battle of Jersey.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of Grouville. The incumbent office holder is John Le Maistre, who has held the office since 2013. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to the parish church.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for Grouville is Carolyn Labey. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the North East electoral district consisting of St. Martin and Grouville, which will collectively elect three representatives (the least of any constituency) alongside the parishes' Connétables.

Grouville is divided for administrative purposes into vingtaines as follows:
 * La Vingtaine des Marais
 * La Vingtaine de la Rue
 * La Vingtaine de Longueville
 * La Vingtaine de la Rocque

Geography
The main part of the parish is in the south-east of the island of Jersey, part of the Channel Islands archipelago. It borders St. Clement, St. Saviour and St. Martin. The parish hall is located around 3.9 km east of the Royal Square in St Helier. The parish is dominated by the sweeping Royal Bay of Grouville (part of which is often called Gorey Bay), stretching from Mont Orgeuil Castle in St. Martin, which dominates the skyline to the north, out to the sea in the south at La Rocque. It is the third smallest parish, only measuring 8 square kilometres (4560 vergées). The Minquiers are also part of the parish of Grouville.

The parish is quite urbanised, with 22% of the parish built-up, but is also quite an agricultural parish. Its mix of land uses can be compared closely to that of St. Lawrence. The parish population is mostly located along the coastal part to the east of La Grande Route des Sablons along the coast, with the 'village centre' of the parish located at Ville-ès-Renauds, which has a number of shops and the parish school. Further inland, the parish rises up to the Mont de Grouville. The parish church and hall are located further inland at the foot of the hill along the main road to St. Helier. The parish also includes the more residential 'village' part of Gorey, with the more touristic 'pier' part in St. Martin.

Culture and community
The parish is makes up the majority of the catchment area for its namesake primary school, however which also takes students from a small part of St. Martin. Grouville Primary School is a feeder school for Le Rocquier.

The parish features a large golf course, known as the Royal Jersey Golf Course, however lacks any other significant sporting facilities.

Economy
In modern times, Grouville has been a popular holiday destination, and features a number of hotels. These include the Beausite Hotel, which is a later 20th century structure but incorporates a small structure dating back to 1636 which now serves as the hotel's bar.

Landmarks
The Royal Jersey Golf Club is located on Grouville Common. It was founded in 1878 and granted its royal charter by Queen Victoria. The Pembroke Hotel, near the 16th tee, was a former clubhouse, once called the 'Golf Inn'. During the Occupation, the course was turned into a mine field. There are two German gun emplacements along the opening hole. The club's most famous player is Harry Vardon; he won the Open Championship a record six times.

Within the Royal Bay, there are a number of Martello towers, built during the Napoleonic Wars, including the offshore Seymour and Icho towers. Queen's Valley (La Vallée des Moulins) is located in the north of the parish, very partly shared with St Saviour. In 1987, it was described as "left unspoiled, with just one very minor road traversing it". There were once three water mills along its length, recorded as early 1274. Both Victor Hugo and George Eliot have written about the valley.

In 1976, the Jersey water company proposed to flood the valley to increase water storage capacity. This was met with protests; three campaign groups - Concern, Friends of Queen's Valley and Save our Valley - were supported by thousands of islanders opposing the flooding, with alternative suggestions such as capping the population at 80,000, installing water meters and desalination. TV presenter David Bellamy led a protest walk attended by 2,000 islanders. However in 1986, in the tenth States debate on the matter, the States agreed to flood the valley in the face of possible water shortages, were new capacity not provided. The reservoir opened in November 1991 and has a capacity of 1,193 megalitres (enough to supply the whole island for 48 days). It is two reservoirs and there is a 1.9 mi public footpath encircling both reservoirs, with natural flora and fauna.

Twin towns
Grouville is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Port-Bail, Normandy

Notable people

 * John George Bourinot (elder) (1814-1884), politician
 * Lucy Nettie Fletcher (1886-1918), nurse
 * Ruby Ray (1881–after 1973), stage actress
 * Harry Vardon (1870-1937), golfer

title: Grouville


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/Clubs/Template

This is a cut and paste template of the WikiProject on Football manual of style for clubs.

To use:
 * 1) Copy the entire section below and paste it into an article
 * 2) Add the proper info for the club the article is about.
 * 3) Remove spacing in front of every row starting with a * or **.


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St Martin, Jersey

St Martin (Jèrriais: Saint Martîn) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is 5.5 km north-east of St Helier. It has a population of 3,948. The parish covers 10.3 km2.

The parish is a mixed rural-urban community and forms the north-east corner of the Jersey rectangle. It has he easternmost point of the Bailiwick. Most of the population is concentrated in the villages of the parish and along La Grande Route de Faldouet and the coast towards St Catherine's.

The village of Gorey is partly located in the parish, with the remainder of the village in Grouville. In Gorey, the parish hosts one of the three principal English military fortifications located in Jersey: Mont Orgeuil (Gorey) Castle. The village of Maufant is also partly located in St Martin, along the boundary with St Saviour.

History
Historically it was called Saint-Martin-le-Vieux (Saint Martin the Old) to distinguish it from Saint-Martin-de-Grouville (known today as Grouille). This explains why the parish coat of arms are so similar.

The dolmens at Le Couperon and Faldouet are among the prehistoric remains in the parish. La Pouquelaye de Faldouet features on the reverse of the Jersey ten pence coin and was the inspiration for the poem Nomen, numen, lumen written by Victor Hugo in 1855 during his exile in Jersey.

In 1689, William of Orange became the King of England; and England, as a Dutch ally, went to war against the French. Although due to the scale of the war, the island did not come into much focus, it was at this time that the Privilege of Neutrality, which had long been enjoyed by the islands, was lost. William banned all trade with France, a proclamation which applied to Jersey as well. However, due to corruption in the higher levels of Jersey's government, namely the Lieutenant-Governor himself Edward Harris, a large smuggling trade thrived, operating from the bailiwick. Smugglers would be alerted by a fire set by French merchants on the Écrehous reef, a part of Jersey's bailiwick, to which Jersey boats, under the approval of the Lieutenant-Governor, would travel to conduct illegal trade. Despite attempts from parish authorities to stop the boats, the fact that the reef was part of Jersey and that these boats had permission from the government to travel to the islets, no action could be taken.

There is a significant oyster bed off the coast of Gorey. In the early 19th century, at least 2,000 men were employed in the industry at Gorey, and a number of cottages were built in the village to accommodate the new English residents. This also led to the construction of Gouray Church to provide English services for the residents (most of the Anglican services on the island at the time were delivered in French). :236

The rock known as Le Saut Geffroy, or Geoffroy's Leap, is reputed to be an ancient place of execution where criminals were thrown into the sea. According to folklore, a man named Geffroy was condemned to be thrown into the sea. Remarkably, he survived and climbed back up the cliff face where an argument broke out among the mob of spectators. Some said that sentence had been duly carried out and that Geffroy should go free; others said that sentence had not been properly carried out. To settle the argument, and demonstrate his prowess, Geffroy dived off the rock, but perished on this occasion. Le Saut Geffroy is now preserved by the National Trust for Jersey.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St Martin. The incumbent office holder is Karen Shenton-Stone, who has held the office since 2018. The parish administration is headquartered at the Public Hall next to the village green. St Martin is the only parish in Jersey other than St Helier not to conduct its municipal business from a Parish Hall. It has a Public Hall instead, having accepted money from the States of Jersey to provide an assembly room.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for St Martin is Steve Luce, who ousted the long term incumbent Bob Hill in the 2011 election. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the North East electoral district consisting of St Martin and Grouville, which will collectively elect three representatives (the least of any constituency) alongside the parishes' Connétables.

St Martin is divided into five vingtaines as follows:
 * La Vingtaine de Rozel
 * La Vingtaine de Faldouet
 * La Vingtaine de la Quéruée
 * La Vingtaine de l'Église
 * La Vingtaine du Fief de la Reine

Geography
The 600m breakwater at St Catherine is all that remains of a grandiose harbour project started, but then abandoned, by the British government in the 19th century. It is now a popular site for sea anglers.

This is one of the most agricultural parishes, and one of the most sought after places to live in the island. It has the best herd of Jersey cattle, some of the largest potato growers and a number of small farmers now cultivating the new “Genuine Jersey”, mainly organic, brand.

The main settlements in the parish are the villages of St Martin, Maufant and Gorey. Gorey is split with Grouville. The southern half of Maufant is located within St Martin, however the main road through the village is in St Saviour.

The Écréhous, small group of rocky islands, are also part of the parish.

Culture
St Martin is one of the remaining strongholds of Jèrriais with a distinctive accent. The area around Faldouet formerly possessed a dialect of its own, known as Faldouais, of which the distinctive feature was the realisation of intervocalic /r/ as /z/. Although the Faldouais dialect is extinct, it has left notable amounts of writings in Jèrriais literature.

Twin towns
St Martin is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Montmartin-sur-Mer, Normandy

Landmarks
Mont Orgeuil is one of the two main castles in Jersey. First known as Gorey Castle and located near Gorey Pier, it has existed for 800 years. The castle was subject to raids by the French in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. The castle served as the island's prison until a prison was constructed in St Helier in the 17th century. Among agitators imprisoned there by the British government were William Prynne and John Lilburne. Until the construction of Elizabeth Castle off St Helier at the beginning of the 17th century, Mont Orgueil was generally the residence of the Governor of Jersey.

Transport
Gorey Pier is the eastern terminus of the A3 La Rue à Don, which is the main road linking the village to Grouville Church and to St Helier. It was formerly the terminus for the Jersey Eastern Railway.

As part of the Eastern Cycle Network plans, Gorey Village will be connected to St Helier with a direct off-main road cycle route. A cycle path was constructed along the side of La Rue à Don in the Grouville part of Gorey in 2011. Later on, the cycle lane was extended south along the Royal Golf Course (at a cost of £190,000) and north to connect to Gorey Pier along the coast.

St Martin has a very comprehensive green lane network, which are roads that have a 15 mph speed limit and priority is afforded to pedestrians, cyclists and horseriders. Most of the parish-owned by-roads are designated as green lanes. This compares to its neighbouring parishes St Saviour and Trinity, which have no green lanes, and Grouville, which has very few. In 2020, the Connétable Karen Shenton-Stone said St Martin had seen a huge increase in cycling during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Notable people

 * The artist Edmund Blampied was born at Ville Brée on 30 March 1886.
 * The artist Frank Cadogan Cowper lived at The Studio, Les Blanches, St Martin from 1940–1944.
 * The Jèrriais-language writer Amélia Perchard was born in Saint-Martin in 1921.
 * Alphonse Le Gastelois - after being wrongfully accused of a crime, he lived in St Martin for 14 years.

title: St Martin, Jersey


text:
User talk:Ivana1

Welcome
Hi Ivana, welcome to Wikipedia :)

You may wish to review the page on Rovinj and perhaps provide a better picture (the one we have there is way too murky).

If you have any questions or comments, please don't hesitate to ask. Good luck. --Joy [shallot]   16:30, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Ciao IVANA
Go capi adesso come se rispondi....ciao

SH
Ne možeš stavit hr-n a sh-3. Ne može ti hrvatski biti materinji a sh-3 jer hrvatski je srpskohrvatski odnosno dio njega. hrvatski je jedna standardna forma srpskohrvatskog a sam srpskohrvatski zajednički naziv za 4 dijalekta i 3 standardne forme. Ako bi eventualno mjenjala babel onda bi trebala stavit hr-n i sh-n.

Pozdrav:-)! Luka Jačov 10:35, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Mogu li ja da zaustavim probljeme? Samo stavi još srpski i bosanski da govoriš vrlo dobro i neće bit problema. :) Bog! --HolyRomanEmperor 21:04, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Mislio sam da si zaboravila staviti prezime pošto si ga stavila na drugim wikipediama. Pozdrav! Luka Jačov 16:39, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Koristiš li koji mesenđer:-)? Luka Jačov 23:32, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Nije mi potpuno jasan ovaj Google talk. Kaže mi da trebam dobit account prek mobitela. Može pomoć? Luka Jačov 19:05, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Gle kaže mi da moram biti iz ograničenog broja zemalja da bi dobio kod preko SMS-a. Luka Jačov 13:20, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

I kad češ bit na gugl toku:-)? Luka Jačov 23:16, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Baš otvorio gugl tok vidio tebe onlajn pošaljem ti poruku i ti isti sekund nestaneš. ajd reci kad ti onda odgovara:-). Luka Jačov 22:58, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Imam drukcije pitanje
Taljanski maternji? To u pravom smislu ili prenosnom? --VKokielov 20:51, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Akcuali, ja sam htio to pitati vec dugo, dugo vrijemena, ali nisam znao pristupit. E, mozda si i dobila jedan e-mail od mene prije sest mjeseca?  Poslao sam ga, cinimise, kroz hrvatski interfejs.  --VKokielov 23:00, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Sad mi pomozi. Ima li razlike medu "Ako ti nesto takvo zanima" i "Kad ti nesto takvo zanima"?  Je li to ja, ili to zadnje je malo tamnije, jer odreduje potencijalnu drugu stranu, id est, sto ne bih smio pitati? --VKokielov 23:14, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Svatljujuci e-mail adresu na Internet stranicu, izbjegavaj je staviti u istinskom obliku. Pisi umjesto toga: jasamja at tisiti dot com, ili kakav drugi nacin, da sprijecis barem najosnovniji sabiraci adresa za spam.  --VKokielov 23:24, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Izvini. Osim jedne proklete poljske knjige trenutno u glavi, ovdje je vecer i strani je jezik mene nabrkao.  Htio sam reci "te".  (Kod tebe je noc.  Skoro ces spavati?)  --VKokielov 23:27, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Ti ne smijes pitati! Kad ja sam zapoceo razgovor!  To bi bila shtuka, kako govorimo na ruskom.  Ali eto, ima male zemlji, zove se SAD.  A tamo mali grad, zove se New York.  Negdje u tom sasvim malom zaselju naci ces i mene.  --VKokielov 23:33, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Molise Slavic Language treba malo pomoci od jasne, nepristrasne glave.  A iznad svega, prevodilac.  --VKokielov 19:06, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

 * PREDAVATELJ! BRANI HRVATSKU KRV, kao CASNA i POSVECENA H R V A---stoj...
 * ...a jesam li ja Hrvat?
 * ...nisam.
 * ...oprostite.
 * :D  -  (To je sala.  Nisi morala odgovorit na engleskom, znas, ja te razumijem potpuno.  :D)  --VKokielov 23:04, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * P.S. znam kako se izdajnik zove. Na ruskom izdajnik -- "predatelj".  --VKokielov 23:05, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Nisam ja tak dobro poznat, ni cak u ovom pitanju. Hvala na uopcenom odgovoru.
 * Nova user page? --VKokielov 01:26, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

LIM
Hi, I just wanted to let you know that it was a complete accident. I'm sorry if I caused you any trouble.

Thank you, Vivaperucarajo 02:30, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

?
Pa di nestade juče:)? Ajd pliz daj svoj glasi ovdje []. Tenx! Luka Jačov 13:17, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Your picture of Kornati
This may interest you: I have chosen your picture of Kornati as the next "Picture of the Week" on the main page of the Croatian Wikipedia. It will appear there on Monday if other Croatian administrators like it :-) I am going on vacation now. Bye! --Zmaj 21:36, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Image:Santa Eufemia.JPG
Could you kindly add in which town this bell tower stands? Thank you in advance. --G.dallorto 18:32, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Dobar dan
Ucim hrvatski jezik!

Ali ucim jako polako.

I go on holiday to Pasman island every year and will be going there in about one month from now.

I have lost of loveley photo's taken from the chapel at the top of that hill. Are you from Pasman?

86.132.205.233 (talk) 09:45, 24 February 2009 (UTC) Jon

title: User talk:Ivana1


text:
User talk:Zoney/Archive10

Hello, this is the tenth of my archive pages (see also my other archives). Please leave responses even to this page, on the main talk page where I and others will see them! Thanks! zoney ♣ talk 16:31, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

When will I be back?
I really hope to avoid Wikipedia particularly for the next two weeks or so (until mid-April). I should only be here occasionally for short periods at the weekend/evening or such.

There's lots I want to do here - so I hope I can leave it all aside for the time being.

Feel free to email me, I'll be checking it every day.

zoney ♣ talk 09:54, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Wikimaps
Hi Zoney, Do you know about this new mediawiki project? WikiMaps I thought it might interest you.

Seabhcán 11:45, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Vacations are nice
Hey when you have the chance i need to pic you brian about a weird edit. on the Football Association of Ireland article, some one marked as a inppopriate joke, but from what i gather, and can recall, it's preety much true. But being that you live their and i don't what would you say about, considering it's been on the page for a long amout og time, and this is the first that i have seen it being a problem to anyone. --Boothy443 | comhrÚ 20:37, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Editing again?
I don't know if I'll be back here. I had to give up editing here to write my thesis (now complete). And I've grown to like doing things other than Wikipedia editing in my free time. I may not be back here for some time.

Wikipedia for me has in part been an addiction. Time is a precious commodity. Despite my love of all things Irish and wanting to improve that area on Wikipedia, I don't know that I want to spend time on it anymore.

I'll come back if the Irish tourist board or someone wants to give me a job editing Irish-related Wikipedia articles :)

Goodbye, and thanks to those who have collaborated with me. You know who you are. I wish my fellow Irish contributors in particular all the best, but also there are many many others who I wish the best with their respective areas.

I may be back some time, I do enjoy it here. But I'm afraid of being "sucked in" again. Despite the fact that I never spent obscene amounts of time here, I don't like the notion of being tied to it even for a few hours a week.

zoney ♣ talk 14:56, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Bye Zoney
Good luck Zoney. You'll be missed. Seabhcán 16:49, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Awww. Leaving? :-( Good luck, Zoney, in whatever you do - we'll keep a chair at the table for ya. Beir bua 's beannachtaí, a buachaill! - Pete C (talk) 17:21, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Very sorry to hear that... Good luck in your future endeavors! -- Lochaber 23:14, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thanks a million for all your help. Notjim 08:26, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Goodbye
Goodbye Zoney. I too havve largely given up Wikipedia, but for a much different reason. I've become very active at Wikinews, im an administrator there. Im not asking you to write anything, but i'd appreciate if you'd read it! I try to get an Irish story in every day or two; you can check out Wikinews: Ireland]. Bye! CGorman 21:10, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ireland rail network image
Did you create this yourself? If so, would you consider revising it to colour-code the various states of the lines? At present it's difficult to distinguish between the various shades of grey. I'd be happy to do it myself if you can provide the source --Ryano 11:59, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Ghaeilge
But that was my point! ;) WB Zoney, even if only making an appearence. BTW, did you know your clover was the inspiration for my triangle?   ℬ astique ▼ talk 01:06, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

images
Hi, I'm searching for a few images of Croagh Patrick and Hill of Tara. Must be free because I want to use them in de:. thanks in advance. --TomK32 19:16, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

AE map
Hi the irish verion of the map of the EU is out of date. I personally don't know how to change a picture that s why i am telling you. le meas --Fabhcún 11:00, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zoney/Archive10


text:
Tone control circuit

Tone control is a type of equalization used to make specific pitches or frequencies in an audio signal softer or louder. It allows a listener to adjust the tone of the sound produced by an audio system to their liking, for example to compensate for inadequate bass response of loudspeakers or earphones, tonal qualities of the room, or hearing impairment. A tone control circuit is an electronic circuit that consists of a network of filters which modify the signal before it is fed to speakers, headphones or recording devices by way of an amplifier. Tone controls are found on many sound systems: radios, portable music players, boomboxes, public address systems, and musical instrument amplifiers.

Uses
Tone control allows listeners to adjust sound to their liking. It also enables them to compensate for recording deficiencies, hearing impairments, room acoustics or shortcomings with playback equipment. For example, older people with hearing problems may want to increase the loudness of high pitch sounds they have difficulty hearing.

Tone control is also used to adjust an audio signal during recording. For instance, if the acoustics of the recording site cause it to absorb some frequencies more than others, tone control can be used to amplify or "boost" the frequencies the room dampens.

Types
In their most basic form, tone control circuits attenuate the high or low frequencies of the signal. This is called treble or bass "cut". The simplest tone control circuits are passive circuits which utilize only resistors and capacitors or inductors. They rely on the property of capacitive reactance or inductive reactance to inhibit or enhance an AC signal, in a frequency-dependent manner. Active tone controls may also amplify or "boost" certain frequencies. More elaborate tone control circuits can boost or attenuate the middle range of frequencies.

The simplest tone control is a single knob that when turned in one direction enhances treble frequencies and the other direction enhances bass frequencies. This was the first type of tone control, typically found on radios and record players from the 1930s to the 1970s.

Graphic equalizers used for tone control provide independent elevation or attenuation of individual bands of frequencies. Wide frequency range graphic equalizers of high resolution can provide elevation or attenuation in 1/3 octave bands spanning from approximately 30 Hz to 18 kHz. Parametric equalizers can control not only the amount of boost and cut but also the specific frequency at which the boost and cut takes place and the range of frequencies (bandwidth) affected.

Elaborate circuits may also use amplifiers. The most modern analog units use operational amplifiers, resistors and capacitors, abandoning inductors because of their size and sensitivity to ubiquitous electromagnetic interference.

Historically, tone control was achieved via analog electronics, and most tone control circuits produced today still use the analog process. Nonetheless, digital approaches are increasingly being implemented through the use of digital signal processing.

title: Tone control circuit


text:
Trinity, Jersey

Trinity (La Trinité, Jèrriais: La Trinneté) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is 5.8 km north of St Helier. It has a population of 3,156. The parish covers 6,975 vergées (12.3 km2). Les Platons in the north of the parish is the highest point in Jersey. The parish borders St John, St Helier, St Saviour and St Martin.

Trinity is an agricultural, rural parish, with only 16% of the parish being built up, and 61% dedicated to cultivation. The population is generally spread out across the whole parish, with a loosely defined village towards the north of the parish. The parish's main bay is Bouley Bay, a short distance from the village. A section of Rozel Bay is also shared with neighbouring St Martin. It is home to the States Farm, Jersey Zoo, the Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural Society Showground, and the Pallot Heritage Steam Museum.

The parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the only island parish church not dedicated to a saint. The coat of arms of the Parish of Trinity shows the Shield of the Trinity diagram.

History
The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since. In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. Trinity was part of de Groceio. De Groceio likely refers to the Jersey family name, de Gruchy.

The Parish church, with its distinctive white pyramidal spire, is a notable landmark.

The Le Vesconte memorial (erected 1910) takes the form of an obelisk at a crossroads commemorating Philippe Le Vesconte (21 December 1837 – 21 August 1909) who was 10 times elected connétable between 1868–1877 and 1890–1909.

In 2007, parishioner Meriel Edwards donated a field next to the Trinity Arms pub to the parish which permitted the development of the 39-home first-time buyers development, as well as new footpaths around the village centre.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of Trinity. The incumbent office holder is Philip Le Sueur, who has held the office since 2014. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to the parish church.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for Trinity is Hugh Raymond. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the Central electoral district consisting of St. John, St. Lawrence and Trinity, which will collectively elect four representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

Trinity is divided into the following vingtaines:

 * La Vingtaine de la Ville-à-l'Évêque
 * La Vingtaine de Rozel
 * La Vingtaine du Rondin
 * La Vingtaine des Augrès
 * La Vingtaine de la Croiserie

Geography
Trinity is in the north of the island. It borders St John, St Helier, St Saviour and St Martin. It has two main bays, Bouley Bay and Rozel (on the border with St Martin). It has the highest point of the Grands Vaux valley, which terminates at its parish church. The highest point of the island, Les Platons, is located in the north of Trinity.

Bouley Bay
Bouley Bay (Baie de Boulay) is a bay located on the north coast in the centre of the parish. In the Extente of 1274, the bay was recorded as Portus de Boley (Bouley Harbour). It has some of the deepest waters off the island's coast. In the 19th century it was considered for developing the main harbour for the island, but it was probably ruled out as impracticable because of the steep hills surrounding the bay. The steep and winding hill plays host annually to the Bouley Bay Hill Climb.

Settlements
Trinity Village is the main settlement in the parish. Victoria Village is located on the border with Trinity.

Trinity Village is a relatively small and loosely defined village of homes spreading out from the parish church along the parish's main roads in a form of ribbon development. The A8 and B31 main roads run through the village. Recent development has centralised the village around the church. The village has a small, independent store, as well as a pub and youth centre.

As a parish, Trinity has historically been resistant to speed limits and traffic calming schemes. For example, the parish has declined to introduce the green lane scheme with 15-mile-per-hour limits and priority to pedestrians and cyclists on its by-roads. The village had no specific lower speed limit until 2013, but now some parts of village have a 30 mph speed limit. The northern area of the village still has a 40 mph speed limit. There is no traffic calming or pedestrian crossings in the village.

Culture
In folklore, the area of Bouley has been reputed to be haunted by the Tchian d'Bouôlé (Black Dog of Bouley), a phantom dog whose appearance presages storms. The story is believed to have been encouraged by smugglers who wanted to discourage nocturnal movements by people who might witness the movement of contraband at the harbour in Bouley.

The Royal Jersey Showground has been host to the largest music festival in the Channel Islands each year since 2004—the Weekender Festival, and previously Jersey Live.

Twin towns
Trinity is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Agon-Coutainville, Normandy

Landmarks
Jersey Zoo (formerly Durrell Wildlife Park) is located at Les Augrès Manor in Trinity. It was established in 1959 by naturalist and writer Gerald Durrell. It has approximately 169,000 visitors per year.

Trinity Manor is the home of the Seigneur of Trinity. Athelstan Riley purchased Trinity Manor in 1909. Finding the manor house in a ruined condition, he undertook an elaborate restoration (or "imaginative reconstruction", which has been criticised as turning the building into a French style château ). The reconstruction was carried out 1910–1913 by C. Messervy to designs by Sir Reginald Blomfield. One of the surviving feudal duties of the holder of this fief is to present the Monarch with a pair of mallards when he or she visits the Island. The current holder of the title is Pamela Bell, as Dame of Trinity.

Notable people
Gerald Durrell, a British naturalist, writer and conservationist, opened Jersey Zoo, a wildlife conservation park, and founded the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in the parish in 1959. His ashes are buried in the grounds of the park.

Among prominent natives of the parish (les Trinnetais) is Sir Arthur de la Mare (1914–1994), a retired ambassador and diplomat in Japan, Thailand and Singapore, who wrote Jèrriais literature in the Trinity dialect.

Alan Whicker lived here from the 1960s until his death in 2013.

title: Trinity, Jersey


text:
Paktel

Paktel was the pioneer cellular operator of Pakistan. It was the trend setter company granted license to carry out cellular phone services in Pakistan, set up by Cable & Wireless. It carried out AMPS services until 2004 when the company switched to GSM technology.

Paktel offered only mobile telephony service to its 2 million subscriber base. As of 2007, Paktel was ranked fifth mobile player of Pakistani market owing to low subscriber base and market share. After the completion of its acquisition by China Mobile, Paktel was rebranded Zong Pakistan on April 1, 2008.

History
Cable & Wireless with his local partner Hasan Associates (major local team was consisting on Farooq Hasan, R A Zuberi, Shahid Mahmud, Syed Ahmed Ali, Qazi Abdul Wahid & Dewan) launched commercial service Paktel in 1990. Paktel was granted a license in early 1990 to operate a cellular telephone network throughout Pakistan. It was the first company granted a free license to carry out cellular phone services in Pakistan. It carried out AMPS services until 2004.

Paktel Mediation and Billing System was developed by a team consisting of Syed Ahmed Ali, Nadeem Usmani, Wasay Farooqi, and Ali Korani. It was first mediation software in the region which was developed locally and also the first cellular Billing System ever. Millicom owned Instaphone merged as its competitor in the late 1990s and began to dominate the market share. With the launch of Mobilink and its rapid success in 1998, both Instaphone and Paktel floundered and lost their dominant market share. It was followed by the acquisition of Cable & Wireless owned Paktel by Millicom, the majority owners of Instaphone.

In November 2000, Millicom acquired 98.9% equity interest in Paktel. Millicom installed a new management team headed by John Tumelty, former CEO of Instaphone, and Chief Financial Officer David Ordman.

In April 2001, Paktel launched prepaid services under the brand Tango. The manager of this brand was Mr Amees Ahmad.

In October 2002, Paktel was granted a modification to its license, allowing it to operate a GSM based network and the Frequency Allocation Board of Pakistan thereby awarded the necessary frequencies. Paktel was awarded additional 1800 MHz spectrum, increasing total spectrum for GSM network from 10 MHz to 13.6 MHz. After obtaining frequencies Paktel launched GSM network in October 2004.

On October 23, 2004, Paktel agreed with Pakistan Telecommunication Authority to launch GSM network with immediate effect and renew their

license for 15 years from October 23, 2004 for a license fee of $291,000,000. This agreement was signed by the two parties on October 25, 2004. Paktel and the PTA agreed delayed payment terms under which 50% of the license fee will be paid in installments over the first three years of the license. The second 50% of the license fee will be payable in ten yearly payments from 2008 to 2017.

On March 31, 2005, Paktel held approximately 340,000 GSM subscribers and its network comprised 300 cell sites, covering about 45% of the population. By November 2005, Paktel had 1 million customer base and a market share of 9%, with subscriber count increasing at a rate of 100,000 per month.

In November 2006, Millicom announced that it had decided to exit the Pakistani market. Pakistani authorities had refused to delay payment of a $29 million licence installment and had not given Paktel permanent access to part of the frequency spectrum. Announcing its pullout, Millicom said it decided against making significant investments in Pakistan because of tough market conditions. It had already sold Instaphone to a local telecom company Arfeen Group in October 2005 and was looking for potential buyers for Paktel.

Initially Kuwait based the then MTC showed an interest for buy-out. But it was the China Mobile who won the bid.

On January 22, 2007, Millicom International Cellular S.A. stated that it would sell its 88.86 percent stake in Paktel to China Mobile for $284 million, which includes the repayment of intercompany debt. The sale implies an enterprise value for Paktel of $460 million, Millicom said in its press release. Merrill Lynch advised China Mobile on the transaction.

On 4 May 2007, Paktel Limited was renamed to China Mobile Pakistan. On May 16, 2007 China Mobile announced that it had increased its stake in CMPak to 100%.

China Mobile Pakistan continued to operator under Paktel brand until March 31, 2007. After acquisition, China Mobile Pakistan invested more than US$700 million in the telecom sector in Pakistan and US$800 million were further invested by the end of year 2008.

Pakistan Telecommunication Authority said that it might resolve the frequency issue with China Mobile, as it was one of the main reason for pullout by Millicom International Cellular S.A. According to the statistics from the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, Paktel had 2.145 million customers at the end of February 2008.

On April 1, 2008, Paktel was rebranded to Zong. China Mobile Pakistan organised a launch event on April 5.

Network
Paktel's entire network that included network base stations, GSM core, SMS, microwave links, IT support, and transmission towers was based on GSM network infrastructure from ZTE. ZTE also provided Paktel consumers with missed call and welcome messages features at that time.

Number scheming
Paktel used the following numbering schemes:

Where, 92 is the ISD code for Pakistan and is required when dialling outside the country, 303 and 304 were prefixes for Paktel once AMPS and GSM customers respectively allocated by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority. Omitting +92 would require 0 instead to represent local call, hence 0303 and 0304 were the general prefixes and N1N2N3N4N5N6N7 was the subscriber number. After being rebranded as Zong, the code was changed to 031x whereas 0303 and 0304 were taken over by Mobilink.

Marketing
Paktel offered prepaid and postpaid plans. It was initially offering only postpaid services with PKR 5000 (approximately $23 at that time) as initial security deposit. The call data was used to be stored on magnetic tapes, sent to the United Kingdom for printing and bills were then dispatched to the customers after a delay of 45 days. This ensued in non-payments from many defaulters who fled away after using and receiving heavy bills. The call rate was charged to both the caller and the receiver alike. In April 2001, prepaid brand Tango was launched under the management of Mr Amees Ahmad.

Paktel had customer service centres in major cities and country-wide network of franchises further backed by retail channels.

Paktel was the first company to waive off national roaming and incoming calls charges to compete with the rival Mobilink and Ufone. Later it uncovered another offer, the country's first offer of its kind – free credit on receiving incoming calls per minute basis. It came up with the slogan Call Suno Balance Barhao; Baqi Sab Bhool Jao (lit. Listen to the call increase your credit; forget the rest – )

title: Paktel


text: User talk:139.84.48.249

title: User talk:139.84.48.249


text: Template:Campaignbox Spanish-American War: Puerto Rico


text:
Anda

Anda or ANDA may refer to:

China

 * Anda, Heilongjiang, a city in Heilongjiang, China
 * Anda railway station, a railway station in Anda, China

Iran

 * Anda, Iran, a village in Fars Province, Iran

Norway

 * Anda, Norway, an island in Øksnes municipality, Nordland county, Norway
 * Anda lighthouse, a lighthouse in Anda, Norway

Philippines

 * Anda, Bohol, a municipality in Bohol province, Philippines
 * Anda, Pangasinan, an island municipality in Pangasinan province, Philippines

People

 * Altan Khan, Mongolian khan whose given name was Anda
 * Anda (singer), South Korean singer
 * Anda (surname)
 * Anda, Lugal (King) of Lagash, an ancient Sumerian City-State

Other

 * Aṇḍa, a concept in Kaśmir Śaivism
 * Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
 * Asociación Nacional de Actores (ANDA) or National Association of Actors, the Mexican actors guild
 * Anda, a Mongolian term for friends and allies who are "as though born from the same womb," i.e., “blood brothers." The term is also a word for "friend" in the Mongolian language
 * Anda (play), a 2008 Israeli play

title: Anda


text:
St John, Jersey

St John (Jèrriais and Saint-Jean) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey and is around 7.3 km north of St Helier on the north coast of the island. It has a surface area of 8.7 km2. St John's Village is also the name of the main village in the parish.

The parish is largely rural, with two main settlements: its namesake village and the village of Sion on the border with St Helier.

History
The parish sources its name from its parish church, dedicated to John the Baptist.

The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since.

In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. St John was part of de Groceio. De Groceio likely refers to the Jersey family name, de Gruchy.

In 1706, there was a dispute in the St John's parish church over the distribution of pews. The island had strict protocol in distribution and tenancy of pews. In 1706, Jean Le Couteur enlarged his own family's pew, which obstructed Josué Ahier's view. This started a large dispute. Ahier complained to the Ecclesiastical Court, which ordered Le Couteur to remove the obstruction. Le Couteur then complained to the Royal Court, which ordered Ahier to cease disturbing him. Ahier complained to the Dean, who excommunicated Le Couteur from all the churches under his purview. The Royal Court then forbade this and fined any rectors who carried out the command.

La Route du Nord was constructed during the German occupation of the Channel Islands as a scheme to provide work. The road is now dedicated to the men and women of Jersey who suffered 1939–1945.

In 2019, the parish's Connétable Chris Taylor drove his car at an off-duty police officer on a road in neighbouring Trinity. He was fined £4000 and given a driving suspension for 18 months. He then tried to use parish money to pay the legal fees, claiming it would be paid by the parish insurance. On 18 March 2021, Chris Taylor resigned having been declared 'unfit for office' by the Royal Court. However, he remained as Connétable until his successor, Andy Jehan, was elected unopposed on 31 March 2021.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St John. The incumbent office holder is Andy Jehan, who has held the office since 2021. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to the parish church.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for St John is Trevor Pointon. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the Central electoral district consisting of St John, St Lawrence and Trinity, which will collectively elect four representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

The parish is divided into vingtaines for administrative purposes as follows:

Geography
St John shares borders with St Mary on its west, Trinity to the east, and St Lawrence and St Helier on its south.

Largely a rural community, the namesake has a small shopping precinct, and village pub, around its parish church, with the primary school and parish hall across the main road. There is also a supermarket and recreation centre to the east of the village.

There is also a second village of Sion in the Southwestern panhandle of the parish. This is quite a small village centred around the main road. It has a small shop and a garage.

The cliffs of the north coast afford some of the best views in Jersey. It features a number of key points on the island's coast including Frémont Point, Sorel Point and Ronez Point.

After Trinity, it has the second highest point in Jersey at Mont Mado (473 ft). The parish covers territory of 4,846 vergées (8.7 km2.).

There is a single usable beach in the parish at the Bonne Nuit harbour, accessible by a hilly windy road that connects to the village.

The Mont Mado hamlet and wider area is found to the east of St John's village. The name derives from the Fief Madoc and ultimately the Welsh Prince Madoc. Its link to St John however is unknown. Mont Mado granite was quarried historically. The largest quarry is now that of Ronez on the north coast.

Demography
St John is the second least populated parish of Jersey, having only 2,911 residents as of 2011.

Landmarks
Historically, in the Mont Mado area, there was a priory known as the Chapel of St Blaize and St Marguerite. It gives its name to the nearby lane La Rue de St Blaize. The chapel then gives its name on to two further place names: La Rue ès Nonnes and La Couochette ès Nonnes (a cliff face to the north of La Rue ès Nonnes) which means the resting place of the nuns.

Places of worship
The parish church is dedicated to St John the Baptist and the symbol for St John has links to the Crusades - the Maltese cross is used within Jersey to depict the Parish of St John. The full name of the church is Saint-Jean des Chênes (St. John of the Oaks; Sanctus Johannes de Caisnibus). It possibly first stood in an oak-wood. The church is known to have existed as early as 1150.

There a number of other churches such as the Sion Methodist Chapel (no longer in operation, now housing).

Transport
The main road for the parish is the A9, which runs from the parish church and connects the main settlements (Hautes Croix and Sion) of the parish before running along a lightly developed road to the town. It connects all the way to the waterfront. Other main link roads include the A8 which runs to Trinity, the B33 which continues on from the A9 and runs eastward to St Mary and the A10 which starts in the south of the village and runs down towards St Lawrence. The parish is served by three bus routes that connect the parish to St Mary, St Lawrence, Trinity and St Helier.

Culture
St John's Day is 24 June. Traditionally on 23 June (St John's Eve), there used to be a custom of faire braire les poêles, a form of music-making using brass boilers and rushes. This tradition was observed in other parishes as well. Les Cornes de St Jean was observed on either 23 or 24 June whereby shells or horns were blown just before sunset to remind tenants to pay the rental for their land (payable at midsummer). On St John's Day it was custom for young people to drink milk punch on St John's Day. Until 1797, there was a fair in St John involving dancing, but this was banned by an Act of the States. On St John's Day, northern fishermen would circumnavigate the rock known as Le Cheval Guillaume and light bonfires and indulge in Bacchanalian dances.

Twinning
St John is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Le Teilleul, Normandy

title: St John, Jersey


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Football/National teams/Template

This is a cut and paste template of the WikiProject on Football manual of style for national teams.

To use:
 * 1) Copy the entire section below and paste it into an article
 * 2) Add the proper info for the national team the article is about.
 * 3) Remove spacing in front of every row starting with a * or **.

The Templatonia national football team is controlled by the Templatonia Football Association and represents Templatonia in international football competitions...

History
Template played its first international match...

Stadium
Template plays their home matches on...

World Cup record
* 3330 - Did not enter * 3333 - Round 1 * 3336 - Quarter-finals * 3339 - Winners * 3342 - Third place * 3345 - Runners-up * 3348 - Did not qualify

Continental Cup record
* 3333 - Round 2 * 3336 - Semi-finals * 3339 - Not allowed to enter

Managers
* Tom Template senior 3330-3333 * Tom Template 3333-

Noted players
Listed according to when they debuted for Templatonia (year in parentheses):

* 3310s-3320s: Tom Templateo (3321), Tommy Templatenius (3328) * 3330s: Templaldo (3333)

Trivia
* Template national football team does not really exist.


text:
St Mary, Jersey

St Mary (Jèrriais: Sainte Mathie) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, Channel Islands. It is 7.7 km north-west of St Helier. It is the smallest parish by surface area, with an area of 3,604 vergées (6.5 km2). The parish is rural, with a low population of only 1,818 in 2021, with a single sparse village. It borders four other parishes: St Ouen, St John, St Peter and St Lawrence.

History
The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since.

The parish and its eponymous church derive their name from a medieval monastery, probably destroyed during Viking raids some time between the 8th and 10th centuries. In 1042 Duke William gave "St Mary of the Burnt Monastery" to the abbey of Cerisy.

In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. St Mary was part of Crapoudoit. Crapoudoit likely refers to the stream running through St Peter's Valley.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St. Mary. The incumbent office holder is John Le Bailly, who has held the office since 2018 (previously as the parish's Deputy since 2011). The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to St Mary's School.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for St. Peter is Daivd Johnson. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the North West electoral district consisting of St Mary, St Ouen and St Peter, which will collectively elect 4 representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

The parish is divided into vingtaines for administrative purposes as follows:
 * La Vingtaine du Sud
 * La Vingtaine du Nord

The boundary between the vigntaines run from the parish boundary with St Ouen and along the north side of La Rue Mahier. The boundary then runs along the north side of some of the buildings north of La Verte Rue. It then runs in a direct line from the southern end of La Rue du Motier to the southern end of La Rue de la Grosse Épine directly to its junction with Rue d'Olive. From there it runs to the border with St John.

Geography
Mourier Valley runs down the boundary between St Mary and St John. The stream formerly powered a number of mills despite the scant population of the area.

La Grève de Lecq is the main bay in the parish and lies on the border with St Ouen. It can be accessed from the village down a valley known as Le Mont de Ste Marie.

The parish stands upon coarse-grained granite, 'of St Mary's type', which formed during the lower Palaeozoic period. This granite was formerly quarried for building.

St Mary's Village
St Mary's Village is the main settlement in the village. It is formed around a box of sorts of main roads with link roads in between. The village's amenities are formed roughly in three clumps: the parish hall, rec centre and primary school; the parish church, cemetery and pub; and the petrol station. There is also a Methodist church.

The village has a blanket 20 mph speed limit, introduced in 2015. Previously, there had been a 30 mph limit on the southern main road and a 20 mph on the northern main road. The village has extensive traffic calming, including raised junctions, filtered permeability, virtual footpaths and build-outs. The village won the Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation award for traffic calming measures introduced in the parish in the 2010s.

Demography
St. Mary has the smallest population of all the parishes in Jersey, having only 1,818 residents in 2021.

Religious sites
The parish church is known as Sainte Marie cinq cloches (St Mary of the five steeples), due to the church's steeple being ornamented with five smaller spires. During the Calvinist regime in Jersey there were no Christmas services, but the custom arose of ringing the bell at Christmas for 24 hours to celebrate the end of the French occupation. For several years after the Restoration, to the dismay of the church Rectors, the bell-ringing prevented the holding of any service. Several Rectors attempted to block the bell-ringing to hold a Christmas service, including taking the bell-ringers to court in 1788, however the Jurats found against the Rector. In 1858, a new Rector placed new locks on the church doors, removed the bell rope and clapper and took away the ladder to the belfry. However, parishioners quickly badly reacted. They broke the locks, deposited the doors in the Rectory gardens, awoke the blacksmith to forge a new clapper and one galloped into town to fetch a new rope. This firmly established the cutsom.

Landmarks
Among the natural attractions of the parish is a feature known as the Devil's Hole (Lé Creux du Vis), a blowhole in the cliffs of the coast. The descent from the car park to the Devil's Hole is a popular tourist attraction, with the walk taking approximately ten minutes. The upper part of the path is surfaced, and the lower part, once quite dangerous in parts, now has wooden steps and handrails, with much of the access having been improved by a working party from the Royal Engineers Corps of the British Army. In Victorian times it was possible to descend into the hole itself at low tide, but this is no longer possible. However, the access path ends at a large specially constructed viewing platform. The origin of the name is disputed. Creux refers to a chasm within a cliff-face. It is possible that du Vis was corrupted into an anglicised 'Devil'. It may also get its named from the statue of the devil, as it is unknown whether that predates the modern name. Following a shipwreck in 1851, when the ship's figurehead washed up in the Devil's Hole, a statue of a devil adapted from the figurehead was set up above the Hole. This wooden statue was replaced by a succession of modern versions in the 20th century.

Grève de Lecq is shared with St Ouen. Grève is the Jèrriais word for beach. Lecq originates from the Norse La Wik, which may have meant 'ship-loading creek' or referred to witches, should the bay have been a centre of sorcery. On the east side of Grève de Lecq in the parish lies Le Câtel de Lecq, a mediaeval earthwork. In the bay Le Moulin de Lecq, an old watermill, was converted into a residence in 1929 and following the Second World War became a pub, while retaining the wheel and remnants of the gears.

Crabbé is a creek and hinterland to the east of Grève de Lecq. Crabbé is the Jèrriais word for a narrow creek, as Crabbé is a ccreek containing a triple cave. Crabbé is the location for pistol shooting. Off the north cost near Crabbé lies l'Île Agois, a small islet. It likely takes its name from the Goes family. In the past, sheep would be taken over a plank laid across the gap between the island and the islet to graze. It belongs now to the National Trust. Excavation undertaken in 1974 showed it was a 7th- or 8th century monastery. Some 3rd century Roman coins were also found.

Twinned towns
St Mary is twinned with Longues-sur-Mer, a commune of the département of Calvados, in the Normandy région of France.

title: St Mary, Jersey


text:
User talk:Gbonehead

Hi, I liked your enlightened thoughts on the Democrazy talk page! You made sense! Plank 16:35, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gbonehead


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bad Driver Dave

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Bad Driver Dave
Non-notable and/or unverifiable band. "bad driver dave" gets 32 displayed hits, Baddriverdave gets 118. No allmusic listing. Most hits are sites where anyone can enter content to promote themselves. This one describes themselves as a very local band with one MP3 available. Niteowlneils 16:35, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable.--GrandCru 17:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No notability established. --TheMidnighters 18:35, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Yeah, I've got a band too, but you don't see it here. Friday 20:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How many hits does it get on Google (I ask out of interst; I don't take Google to be the sole arbiter of importance). --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable --jonasaurus 21:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. It describes the band as defunct, and as having four albums.  The defunct part would go some way to explaining the paucity of Google hits.  The albums part looks dubious, though they've appeared on compilation albums, and had at least an EP. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No indication in article to establish notability per . siafu 00:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable band. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 03:34, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
St Ouen, Jersey

St Ouen (Jèrriais: Saint Ouën, Saint-Ouen) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is around 8.8 km north-west of St Helier. It has a population of 4,097. The parish is the largest parish by surface area, covering 8,525 vergées (15 km2), and is located in part on a peninsula.

The parish is largely agricultural. There is no single centre, for the church, parish hall and school are separated; St Ouen's Village is the most significant settlement in the parish. The parish hosts the northernmost section of its namesake bay, which sweeps from the north to the south of the island.

It is a distinct parish culturally. Being the farthest from St Helier, there are many differences between it and the rest of the island, for example having its own dialect of Jèrriais.

Its manor, St Ouen's Manor — the seat of the de Carteret family for over eight centuries — is the senior fief in the island, and the influence of that family has also been a factor in the parish's independent-minded approach to its affairs.

History
The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since.

St Ouen is named after St Ouen de Rouen (Audaenus).

In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. St Ouen was part of Crapoudoit. Crapoudoit likely refers to the stream running through St Peter's Valley.

The original parish school was St Ouen's Parochial School, next to the parish hall in the village and was originally opened in 1862 and closed in 1922. It became the St Ouen Youth and Community Centre in 1978.

The parish hall was built in 1882 by architects Hayward and Son, of Exeter. The parish memorial is located in front of the hall, which includes the names of those involved in many interesting and tragic stories. For example, Sapper Philip Luce and Edward Luce were killed in action during the First World War.

The parish church is located outside of the village in Ville de l'Eglise.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St Ouen. The incumbent office holder is Richard Buchannan, who has held the office since 2018. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall in the village centre.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for St Ouen is Paul Harrison, who is the Minister for Health. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the North West electoral district consisting of St Mary, St Ouen and St Peter, which will collectively elect four representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

Unlike the other parishes of Jersey, the subdivisions of this parish are not named vingtaines, but cueillettes (Jèrriais: tchilliettes). Vingteniers are still elected, however, in the cueillettes.
 * La Petite Cueillette
 * La Grande Cueillette
 * La Cueillette de Grantez
 * La Cueillette de Millais
 * La Cueillette de Vinchelez
 * La Cueillette de Léoville

Geography
St Ouen is in the north-west of the island of Jersey, part of the Channel Islands archipelago. It borders St Mary and St Peter and is located 8.5 km (5 miles) from St Helier. Part of the parish forms a peninsula known as Grosnez. The northern and western boundaries of the island are entirely coastal, with notable bays including Grève de Lecq, Plémont and St Ouen's Bay. The Val de la Mare Valley and Reservoir are located in the south of the parish, along its border with St Peter.

Grève de Lecq is shared with St Ouen. Grève is the Jèrriais word for beach. Lecq originates from the Norse La Wik, which may have meant 'ship-loading creek' or referred to witches, should the bay have been a centre of sorcery. Plémont is a headland on the parish's north coast While mont undoubtedly refers to the hill, plé could originate from a number of sources, the most likely being the French plié (folded). The name has been extended in popular speak to the neighbouring beach Grève au Lançon. Lançon (or Lanchon) is the French word for a sand-eel, due to the popularity of the bay as a site for sand-eeling at the turn of the 20th century.

The parish is mostly rural, with only 14% being built-up. The primary settlement is St Ouen's Village, located in the east of the parish, which has the parish hall, a community centre, a pub, a number of shops and a village green. The rest of the population is dispersed in small developed pockets around the rural areas of the parish. The A12 road links the parish to the airport and St Helier, and part of the Five Mile Road is also located in the parish. The parish is served by three bus routes: the numbers 8, 9 and 22/x22.

Culture
A number of the most influential writers of Jersey have been St Ouennais. George F. Le Feuvre (1891–1984), who wrote under the pseudonym "George d'la Forge", was one of the most prolific authors of Jèrriais literature of the 20th century. Frank Le Maistre (1910–2002), compiler of the Dictionnaire Jersiais-Français (1966), did much to standardise the St Ouennais dialect of Jèrriais as a literary language. Edward Le Brocq (1877–1964) wrote a weekly newspaper column from 1946 to 1964 recounting the lives and opinions of two St Ouennais characters, Ph'lip and Merrienne.

The traditional nickname for St Ouennais is Gris Ventres (grey bellies) – a reference to the custom of men from the parish to wear jerseys of undyed wool, which distinguished them from men from other parishes who generally wore blue.

Twin towns
St Ouen is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Coutances, Normandy

Language
Ouennais influence can be seen in nearby Sark. Sark was recolonised by St Ouennais. Helier de Carteret, the seigneur of the parish, received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to colonise Sark with 40 families from the parish on condition that he maintain the island free of pirates. Sercquiais is therefore a very old offshoot of St Ouennais Jèrriais. The St Ouennais origins of Sercquiais can be seen in the 2nd and 3rd person plural forms of the preterite. Sercquiais uses an ending -dr which is typical of the St Ouennais dialect of Jèrriais, but generally not used elsewhere in Jersey (nor nowadays by younger speakers in St Ouen).

Landmarks
A number of prehistoric sites are located in St Ouen, including the Dolmen des Monts Grantez, located at Le Chemin des Monts; the Dolmen des Geonnais; and the prehistoric site at Le Pinacle, which also contains one of the very few identifiable Gallo-Roman sites to be seen in Jersey, the foundations of a fanum (small temple). Le Cotte à la Chèvre lies to the east of Grosnez and is a palaeolithic site, possibly 120,000 years old.

In the north-west, the ruins of Grosnez Castle are a landmark which also features on the Jersey 50 pence coin (see coins of the Jersey pound).

The Island's racecourse is also to be found at Les Landes.

The Val de la Mare reservoir is shared with St Peter and was created by Jersey Water in 1962. There is a walking path around the reservoir.

The parish is home to a number of manors, including: St Ouen's Manor, Vinchelez de Bas and Vinchelez de Haut. Vinchelez was originally one fief, but was split in 1606 after years of family wrangling. The Vinchelez de Bas was rebuilt in 1818.

Places of worship
The parish church, dedicated to the Bishop Audoin (whose name has over time been corrupted to St Ouen), is located some distance from the parish hall, unlike in most of the parishes, and away from any centre of population. The church's patronage was given to the abbey of Mont St Michel by Philippe de Carteret. The church's oldest parts are the nave, tower and chancel, dating to the 12th or 13th century. The font, lectern and pulpit are of Caen stone and marble and date to the 1865 restoration. The bell dates to 1971. There is a custom of ringing the church bell from noon on Christmas Eve and throughout Christmas Day. The church's origins date back to before 1066. A major restoration was instigated by Canon George Clement in 1865. The coffin of Sir Philippe de Cateret, who died in the English Civil War in 1643, was found in the church in 1869.

St George's Church is located at La Ville Vautier in the north-west of the parish. It was originally sited in a chapel at Vinchelez (shared between both manors), but a dedicated church was built in 1880.

In Jersey, there is an old custom of the Perquage paths. Although the real usage of these paths is unclear, some locations have been determined. St Ouen's perquage led from the church down the hillside to St Ouen's Bay, along a stream called Le Canal Vibert. St Ouen may have had two perquages, with another possible perquage leading north from the church out to Grève de Lecq via Léoville.

Education
St Ouen is split into two primary school catchments, Les Landes School and St Mary's School, and one secondary school, Les Quennevais. Students can also attend islandwide schools such as Hautlieu and Victoria College. Les Landes is a Government-run primary school, located on La Rue des Cosnets.

Sport
St Ouen's local football team is St Ouen F.C.

title: St Ouen, Jersey


text:
Talk:Studio One Presents Burning Spear

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title: Talk:Studio One Presents Burning Spear


text:
St Peter, Jersey

St Peter (Saint-Pièrre; Jèrriais: St Pièrre) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is around 6.5 km north-west of St Helier. The parish has a population of 5,003. It has a surface area of 10.6 sqkm.

It is the only parish with two separate coastlines, stretching from St Ouen's Bay in the west to St Aubin's Bay in the south, and thereby cutting St Brelade off from other parishes. It also borders St Ouen and St Mary to the north and St Lawrence to the east. A large portion of the parish is occupied by Jersey Airport.

The traditional nickname for St. Pierrais is ventres à baînis (limpet bellies), perhaps because their parish sticks to two coasts like limpets.

History
The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since. In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. St Peter was part of Crapoudoit. Crapoudoit likely refers to the stream running through St Peter's Valley.

During the War of the Three Kingdoms, Parliamentarian forces invaded the island from Port de la Mare in St Peter. This was the last battle of the war before Sir George Carteret surrendered.

La Ville du Bocage housing estate in St. Peter's Village was opened in 1973 by the Connétable W. F. Le Marquand and the Rector B. J. Giles. In commemoration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, the Queen's Jubilee Homes, a small estate, were opened on 28 July 2012 by Lieutenant-Governor General Sir John McColl in the presence of Connétable John Refault. Le Clos des Charmes housing estate, constructed by Dandara Jersey and CTJ Housing Trust, was opened on 17 August 2007 by States Housing Minister Senatory Terry Le Main.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St. Peter. The incumbent office holder is Richard Vibert, who has held the office since 2018. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to the church.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects one Deputy, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputy for St. Peter is Huelin Rowland. Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the North West electoral district consisting of St Mary, St Ouen and St Peter, which will collectively elect 4 representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

The parish is divided into five vingtaines for administrative purposes as follows:
 * La Vingtaine du Douet
 * La Vingtaine de St. Nicolas
 * La Grande Vingtaine
 * La Vingtaine des Augerez
 * La Vingtaine du Coin Varin

Geography
St. Peter is located in the west of the island of Jersey, the largest island of the Channel Islands archipelago, part of the British Isles. Residential development in the parish is focused in the centre of the parish at St. Peter's Village and in the south-east of the parish at Beaumont Village.

Twin towns
St. Peter is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët, Normandy

Transport
The island's airport, Jersey Airport, is the largest airport in the Channel Islands and is located in the parish. It was initially opened in 1937. In the 1950s, there was a road crossing the runway, controlled by traffic lights. A new departures terminal was opened in 1997. The airport runs nine daily flights to London, as well as to other destinations in the British Islands and abroad.

The parish was the first parish to introduce green lanes. Green lanes are lanes where pedestrians, cyclists and horseriders are given priority over motor traffic, with the latter being restricted to 'pedal speeds'. The distinctive green lane sign and 15 mile per hour speed limits were introduced on number of green and scenic lanes on St. Peter's day (29 June) in 1994.

Education
St. Peter's School is located in La Rue du Presbytère, and is a state run primary school with 164 students in 2009. The fee-charging St. George's Preparatory School is located at La Hague Manor, Rue de la Hague, which is wholly owned by The Jersey Educational Trust.

Sport
St. Peter Football and Sports Club is located on Rue des Vignes near St. Peter's Garden Centre. The sports club was founded in 1919 and is one of the oldest in the Channel Islands.

A multi-million pound sports complex known as Strive is under construction on Avenue de la Reine Elizabeth II. The two-storey main building will cover an area of 32000 ft2 and will host one of Europe's most well-equipped gymnasiums, a hydrotherapy pool and a lecture theatre.

Places of worship
The parish church was built by at least 1053. There are two bells called Elizabeth and Mary, dated to 1649 and 1754 respectively. There is an ancient unique custom in the parish to ring out the bells continuously on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. It is dedicated to St Peter in the desert. The church spire is the island's tallest at 36.5 m and has in history been struck by lightning three times: in 1612, 1843 and 1848.

Notable people

 * Gilbert O'Sullivan resides in Saint Peter with his wife Aase and their two children.
 * Caroline LeSueur, a Mormon pioneer and one of the founders of St. Johns, Arizona.
 * Augustus Asplet Le Gros, a Norman language poet and a Jurat of the Royal Court of Jersey.
 * George William de Carteret, a Norman language journalist and writer
 * Peter Vincenti, footballer

title: St Peter, Jersey


text:
St Lawrence, Jersey

St Lawrence (Saint-Laurent; Jèrriais: St Louothains) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is located 8.0 km west of St Helier. The parish covers 5,258 vergées (9.5 km2) and occupies the centre of the Island. St Lawrence Village is also the name of a village in the parish.

Much of the parish is inland, though it has a short stretch of coastline in St Aubin's Bay. It borders St Peter and St Mary to the west, St John to the north and east, and St Helier to the east.

History
As with every Jersey parish, its name derives from the name of its parish church. In this case, the church is dedicated to St Lawrence, who was martyred in Rome in 258 AD. The church was possibly situated on the site of a Celtic monastery from the Dark Age.

The Jersey parish system has been in place for centuries. By Norman times, the parish boundaries were firmly fixed and remain largely unchanged since.

In 1180 Jersey was divided by the Normans into three ministeria for administrative purposes. St Lawrence was part of de Groceio. De Groceio likely refers to the Jersey family name, de Gruchy.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St Lawrence. The incumbent office holder is Deidre Mezbourian, who has held the office since 2008 (previously a Deputy for St Lawrence since 2005). The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall next to the parish church.

At present, the parish forms one electoral district for States Assembly elections and elects two Deputies, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputies for St Lawrence are Kristen Morel and Gregory Guida. The Chief Minister, Senator John Le Fondré, was previously a St Lawrence Deputy (2005-2018). Under the proposed electoral reform, it will form part of the Central electoral district consisting of St John, St Lawrence and Trinity, which will collectively elect four representatives alongside the parishes' Connétables.

The parish is divided into vingtaines for administrative purposes:
 * La Vingtaine Haut de la Vallée
 * La Vingtaine Bas de la Vallée
 * La Vingtaine du Coin Hatain
 * La Vingtaine du Coin Motier
 * La Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Nord
 * La Vingtaine du Coin Tourgis Sud

All parishes of Jersey, including St Lawrence, have an Honorary Police force.

Geography
The parish is mainly rural, but has some significant residential development. The village is in the centre of the parish, forming around the A10 main road, however it does not have a lot of residential development. Most of the development in the parish is in the south of the parish around Le Mont Felard and Bel Royal or in the north of the parish at Six Roads.

The parish has a section of Victoria Avenue, the island's main dual carriageway.

Demography
The parish has 5,418 residents according to the 2011 census.

Landmarks
Hamptonne, the Country Life Museum, occupies restored farm buildings in the parish. An apple orchard preserves native Jersey cider apple varieties and the preinseu (cider press house) is the focus of the annual Faîs'sie d'cidre cidermaking festival using traditional equipment and methods. The ITV drama Under the Greenwood Tree was mostly filmed here.

The Jersey War Tunnels (previously known as the German Underground Hospital) are a major relic of the engineering works undertaken by the occupying German forces 1940–1945. They also serve as a memorial to the many slave-workers pressed into labouring on such projects during the Second World War.

Education
There are two primary schools in the parish. Bel Royal school is in the south and St Lawrence School is in the north.

Twin towns
St Lawrence is twinned with:

 * 🇫🇷 Barneville-Carteret, Normandy

title: St Lawrence, Jersey