text:
Savanna Portage State Park

Savanna Portage State Park is a state park in the U.S. State of Minnesota established in 1961 to preserve the historic Savanna Portage, a difficult 6 mi trail connecting the watersheds of the Mississippi River and Lake Superior. The portage trail crosses a drainage divide separating the West Savanna River, which drains to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, from the East Savanna River, which flows in an opposite direction to the Saint Louis River, Lake Superior and the Great Lakes, and the Saint Lawrence River to the Atlantic Ocean.

Savanna Portage was a canoe portage used by Native Americans for centuries before being used by European explorers, fur traders, Voyageurs, coureurs des bois, and missionaries of the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a vital link connecting the Mississippi waterways to the west with the Great Lakes to the east. The portage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 for having state-level significance in the themes of commerce, exploration/settlement, and transportation. The park which contains it is 17 mi north and east of McGregor, Minnesota, and approximately 50 mi west of Duluth, Minnesota.

Geology and topography
The park is located on the divide between the watersheds of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, both of which drain to the Atlantic Ocean. The area is a low-relief plain which was once a glacial lakebed. During the last phase of the Wisconsinan glaciation, the deteriorating continental glacier left behind connected lakes, known as Glacial Lakes Aitkin and Upham. Formed by the retreat of the Saint Louis Sublobe of the Superior Lobe of the glacier,  Lake Upham drained through Lake Aitkin to the Mississippi River through Big Sandy Lake. The retreating glacier and the lakes deposited sand and sediments in the lakebed. As the lakes drained these sediments became the present plain.

The plain at first was drained by the Cloquet River, which then ran west to the Mississippi River. By the process of stream piracy, the smaller Saint Louis River, which runs to Lake Superior, captured the Cloquet River and most of its drainage basin. This left behind the East Savanna River which drains into the Saint Louis River, Lake Superior, the lower Great Lakes, and the Saint Lawrence River, and to the west, the West Savanna River, which is tributary to the Mississippi River via the Prairie River and Big Sandy Lake.

The old lake plain is part of the Tamarack Lowlands Subsection within the Northern Minnesota Drift Plains Section of the Laurentian Mixed Forest. Lacustrine sediments deposited by the glacial lake are parent to the present soils of peats, silt, and sand; the peats are in marshes which form large parts of the park. These wet lowlands adjoin rolling hills which are end moraines of the recent glaciation. The moraines are part of the Saint Louis Moraines Subdivision of the Northern Minnesota Drift Plain.

Savanna Portage
The plain in the old lakebed provided a low and very swampy overland route across the divide between the East and West Savanna Rivers. Wolf Lake, source of the East Savanna River, is only about 800 yd east of Savanna Lake on the West Savanna. As the areas adjoining Wolf Lake and the upper East Savanna River are quite wet, the route selected for the portage trail departed from the river further downstream, shortening the distance to be traveled through the bog. The portage, some 6 mi long, starts in the swamp and then goes west in a wooded upland to reach the West Savanna River.

Long used by Native Americans, it became a thoroughfare between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley for explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. Travelers from the east exited Lake Superior near Fond du Lac ("end of the lake", or more idiomatically "head of the lake", where Duluth is now located), and ascended the steep, rocky, and difficult gorge of the lower Saint Louis River, which falls some 450 ft from the location of Carlton, Minnesota, through what is now Jay Cooke State Park to its outlet at the lake. Above Carlton travelers proceeded upstream through quieter stretches to the location of Floodwood, Minnesota, where they turned southwest up the sluggish East Savanna River in the bed of Glacial Lake Upham. Coming to a small rise, the travelers commenced the portage, which in its eastern reaches was marshy, mosquito-infested, and among the most unpleasant and tortuous of all the routes taken by the voyageurs. Struggling waist-deep through the morass of the "boundless swamp", travelers eventually reached a hardwood forest, through which the trail ran to the West Savanna River, which drains Prairie Lake to Big Sandy Lake and the Upper Mississippi River. In times of low water, the portage was drier but the river became too shallow for canoes, so voyageurs would continue to hike overland to the northeast bay of Big Sandy Lake.

The portage likely was used by Europeans as early as 1679, when Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut visited a Sioux village at Big Sandy Lake during his exploration of the Lake Superior region and the Upper Mississippi River. Among the portage's users were fur traders who operated in the upper Mississippi River valley. Some went no further than the American Fur Company's large regional trading post on Big Sandy Lake operated by William Aitkin in the 1820s and 1830s, the years of peak usage of the route. Explorers and scientists crossing the portage included David Thompson, British explorer of Canada and North West Fur Company cartographer, in 1798; Zebulon Pike, early explorer of the American west, in 1805; Lewis Cass, American general and explorer, in his unsuccessful 1820 search for the source of the Mississippi River; Henry Schoolcraft, geologist and explorer, who accompanied Cass in 1820 and led an expedition in 1832 to find the Mississippi River's source; Joseph Nicollet, French geographer and cartographer of the Upper Mississippi River, in 1836; and Laurence Oliphant, a British explorer and writer, in 1854. Tourists, including Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, who crossed in 1863, also used the portage.

When the Northern Pacific Railroad, building west from Duluth reached nearby McGregor in 1870, the portage fell out of use for through traffic, but continued to be used for local trade and access to the interior. The trail's location was traced and marked in 1926 and in the 1940s through the 1960s, and with the use of archaeological techniques, it was more precisely marked in 1981. Most of the route is now maintained as a hiking trail.

State park
The interest created by investigations into the trail's route inspired creation of Savanna Portage State Park in 1961. It is 14000 acre in size, and is the third-largest park in the state park system. It is nearly surrounded by the Savanna State Forest. At some 13.5 mi long and nowhere more than 4 mi wide, its shape is dictated in part by the portage corridor. 15818 acre of hills, lakes, and bogs now comprise the park. Activities include summer and winter camping, hiking, snowshoeing, and ski touring on the old portage and other trails, mountain biking, and snowmobiling, as well as swimming, fishing, canoeing, and boating on Loon Lake.

Flora and fauna
Named for its open marshy grassland, the park's peat bogs and marshes include sedges and black spruce, tamarack, and white cedar. Uplands host a mixed hardwood and conifer forest of maple, oak, poplar, birch, white pine, and red pine.

Land animals in the area include moose, black bears, deer, timber wolves, coyotes, skunks, amphibians, and wood turtles. Birds include bald eagles, sharp-tailed grouse, warblers, boreal owls from Canada which winter in the area, sandhill cranes, trumpeter swans, and loons.

title: Savanna Portage State Park


text:
User talk:KevinCuddeback

The Fro
Hi Kevin,

I can't figure out how to add the "hang on" tag to The Fro page. After you added the candidate for speedy deletion block, I can no longer see the edit link. I'd like to find out when I can expect to be able to add something about The Fro. You are right, in that right now, The Fro is unknown. However I AM printing a graphic novel next year; it's in development right now. If I look up most topics regarding small press comics, like Evil Ernie, this is not a character like Spiderman, yet it is still on Wikipedia. Can you clarify at what point I can start using Wikipedia to document The Fro like they have for Evil Ernie? If I upload pages from the book now and show this is not just some guy in a suit, is that sufficient for me to use Wiki to document the story's and character's existance? If not, where do we draw the line, so that I can know when I AM able to use it?

Thank you, Chris —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chrisharden (talk • contribs) 05:42, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

China
Hi kevein, there're a lot pages involved, please don't change the PRC page. --Singaga (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 15:14, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

China
I reverted your changes on China and People's Republic of China because one day of insistent posting does not really constitute a discussion of changes, especially before such a major change KevinCuddeback (talk) 15:00, 6 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Can you tell me which Wikipedia rule is it??? --Singaga (talk)
 * As noted on User_talk:Singaga, I think this is the sort of thing for which Dispute_Resolution was intended.KevinCuddeback (talk) 15:51, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

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Are you related to Zachery Cuddeback by any chance? Rklawton (talk) 20:02, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

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Discuss Suburban Express on Talk
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 * Thanks. I don't think I have a problem with Leon D. Cuddeback since its more like some people write about trains and some people edit articles on cats. I tend to do planes & trains. In this case, since he just happens to be one of two notable people with the same last name as mine, all I know about him basically comes from reliable sources KevinCuddeback (talk) 13:58, 26 June 2013 (UTC) (My best estimate is that the's a 5th cousin to my great grandfather).

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 * Thanks for the review! I was surprised to find that many historical bus stations (historic for both their designs and for desegregation) were designed by the same handful of architects, and further surprised that nobody'd yet created articles for them KevinCuddeback (talk) 21:11, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Hey, I tried and did create a lot of architect articles, for historic architects who have works listed on the National Register of Historic Places. But i missed some! I got all who had 5 or more NRHPs listed on one list, anyhow. :)  Thank you for your recent efforts on this article and other ones! --Doncram (talk) 05:49, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

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Suburban Express and Dennis Toeppen Articles
I note that you have been active in editing the Suburban Express article, and that you've made several edits to the Dennis Toeppen article. I read both for the first time in several years this evening. Suburban Express article had devolved into a mess. I did my best to tighten up the language, remove redundancies, and conform to sources. Perhaps you will want to take a pass at it. I also left a message in the talk section of the Dennis Toeppen article. It seems to me that there is not a need for coverage of Suburban Express litigation on the founder's wiki page. Ciao... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.228.62.102 (talk) 01:51, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
 * OK. I'll take a look in the next couple days KevinCuddeback (talk) 03:06, 29 January 2019 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:KevinCuddeback


text:
1943 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1943.

Excavations

 * Excavations at Olmec site of La Venta by Matthew Stirling end.
 * Start of excavations at El Tajín by José Garcia Payon.
 * Start of excavations at Hassuna by a team from the Iraqi Directorate General of Antiquities led by Seton Lloyd (continue to 1945).

Publications

 * Christopher and Jacquetta Hawkes - Prehistoric Britain.

Finds

 * May 20 - Luttra Woman, a skeletonised early Neolithic bog body, is found in Sweden.
 * First finds of Gaudo culture in Campania.
 * Cache of late-medieval wax votive images at Exeter Cathedral in England.
 * "Greta", a skull found in the midlands of England, is believed to be the oldest in Britain, dated to 14,000 years BP, until redated to the late 11th century CE in 2021.

Miscellaneous

 * The National Trust purchases Avebury from Alexander Keiller.
 * November - Max von Oppenheim's private archaeological museum in Berlin is destroyed by bombing.

Births

 * July 2 - Peter Woodman, Irish archaeologist (d. 2017)
 * July 20 - Gordon Hillman, British archaeobotanist (d. 2018)
 * December 17 - Heidemarie Koch, German Iranologist (d. 2022)

Deaths

 * April 7 - Auguste Audollent, French historian, archaeologist and Latin epigrapher (b. 1864)
 * September 5 - Aleš Hrdlička, Czech-American anthropologist (b. 1869)
 * October 26 - Aurel Stein, Hungarian-British Central Asian archaeologist (b. 1862)

title: 1943 in archaeology


text:
Charles Buek

Charles Buek (died June 27, 1931) was a developer and architect in New York City in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He worked mostly on the east side of Manhattan, in the years between 1880 and 1914. Buek was known primarily for the large, elaborate private homes and apartments he designed for wealthy clients.

He started his career in the firm of Duggin & Crossman in 1870. When this firm dissolved, Buek established his own office as Charles Buek & Co., with Charles Duggin as his partner. Much of their work centered on the east side of Manhattan, on Lexington and Madison Avenues, from the 1830s to the 1870s. Later they produced some buildings In the West 72nd Street area. Among his surviving projects are 20 East 69th Street, 829 Madison Avenue, and Astor Row.

Buek's clients included George Moore, Charles Dana, Charles M. Fry and John A. Stewart.

title: Charles Buek


text:
User talk:RGS31

Welcome from Redwolf24
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Nomination of Scott F. Wolter for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Scott F. Wolter is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:RGS31


text:
1941 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1941.

Explorations

 * First Gujarat prehistoric expedition (continues to 1942).

Excavations

 * June 19 - Mikhail M. Gerasimov opens Tamerlane's tomb.
 * Excavations at Olmec site of La Venta by Matthew Stirling begin.
 * Excavations at Arikamedu (Podouké) by the Société de l'histoire de l'Inde française begin (continue to 1945).
 * Excavations at Baiae, Italy, begin.
 * Excavations at Fulda.

Publications

 * Father Alberto Maria de Agostini becomes the first to write about Cueva de las Manos.

Finds

 * September - Remains of Roman villa at Brantingham in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Miscellaneous

 * September 27 - A Vichy France law promulgated by Jérôme Carcopino makes buried archaeological relics state property.
 * The bulk of the finds from the 1927-1937 excavations of Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, China are lost, never to be recovered, while being transported to safety.

Births

 * July 8: Martin Carver, English archaeologist of early medieval Britain
 * August 5: Ina Plug, née Post, Dutch-born zooarchaeologist
 * December 16: Kent R. Weeks, American Egyptologist

Deaths

 * July 11: Arthur Evans, English archaeologist of Minoan civilisation

title: 1941 in archaeology


text:
Buchanites

The Buchanites were the late 18th-century followers of Elspeth Buchan, a Scottish woman who claimed to be the Woman Clothed with the Sun, one of the figures named in the Book of Revelation.

History
In 1783, Mrs Buchan, in her late 40s and the daughter of an inn owner, declared herself a prophet and a biblical figure in her own right, and claimed to be immortal and able to give immortality to her followers by breathing on them. She gathered in Irvine, Ayrshire, a group of followers who broke away from the Relief Church when Hugh White, minister at Irvine, declared Elspeth Buchan (1739-1791) to be a special saint identified with the woman described in Revelation 12.

Elspeth Buchan was born in Fordyce, Banff, Elspeth Simpson daughter of John Simpson and Margaret Gordon and married Robert Buchan and hence the name.

The Buchanites were expelled from Irvine, residents even threatening to drown them in the town's Scott's Loch. Eventually they made their way to Closeburn (north of Dumfries) in 1784, where they prepared to ascend en bloc at short notice to Heaven. As with many controversial sects in various times and places, they were rumoured by a disapproving society to have practised behaviour that contravened social norms – "a community of wives" or "orgies in the woods"; but there is no conclusive proof that they did either. They were expelled from Dumfriesshire in 1787 and then settled in various farms in the Crocketford area (Stewartry of Kirkcudbright) before finally settling at Newhouse in the village of Crocketford.

Mrs Buchan died of natural causes in 1791, disproving her claim to immortality. The end of the Buchanite saga came in 1846, when the last "adherent", Andrew Innes, died. Innes, who lived in the (still existing) Buchanite last abode, "Newhouse", Crocketford, had expected a "resurrection" of the mummified body of Mother Buchan on 29 March 1841 - the 50th anniversary of her death. He was disappointed and died at "Newhouse" in 1846 - a death which coincided with the discovery of Mother Buchan's hidden mummified body. Many Buchanites were buried (or reburied) in a graveyard next to the north-west wall of "Newhouse", in the expectation that they would "ascend" eventually with "Lucky" Buchan.

References in literature
The Buchanites are remembered in Scottish literature in the works of John Galt, who was a four-year-old child in Irvine when the sect was expelled. According to Galt's autobiography, he "with many children also accompanied her, but my mother in a state of distraction pursued, and drew me back by the lug and the horn. [...] [T]he scene, and more than once the enthusiasm of [their] psalm singing, has risen in my remembrance, especially in describing the Covenanters in Ringan Gilhaize."

They are also mentioned - quite negatively - in a letter by Robert Burns: "[A]bout two years ago, a Mrs Buchan from Glasgow came among them, & began to spread some fanatical notions of religion among them, [...] till in spring last the Populace rose & mobbed the old leader Buchan & put her out of the town; on which all her followers voluntarily quit the place likewise, & with such precipitation, that many of them never shut their doors behind them [...] Their tenets are a strange jumble of enthusiastic jargon; among others, she pretends to give them the Holy Ghost by breathing on them, which she does with postures & practices that are scandalously indecent. They have likewise disposed of all life, carrying on a great farce of pretended devotion in barns, & woods, where they lodge and lye all together, & hold likewise a community of women, as it is another of their tenets that they can commit no moral sin. [...] This My Dear Sir, is one of the many instances of the folly in leaving the guidance of sound reason, & common sense in matters of Religion."

The Buchanites are the subject of a 1937 novella by F. L. Lucas, The Woman Clothed with the Sun, which takes the form of an account, written by a Scottish minister in middle age, of his youthful bewitchment by Elspeth Buchan and of his curious sojourn in the Buchanite communes of Dumfriesshire and Kirkcudbrightshire. They are also the subject of a 2002 short story by Emma Donoghue, "Revelations".

Robert Burns in his Interleaved Scots Musical Museum noted for the song "The Beds of sweet Roses" that This song, as far as I know, for the first time appears here in print --- When I was a boy, it was a very popular song in Ayrshire, I remember to have heard those fanatics, the Buchanites, sing some of their nonsensical rhymes, which they dignify with the name of hymns, to this air.

title: Buchanites


text:
User talk:RolandofFlanders

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 22:50, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

Help with Lakeport, CA article
I just posted the following on that article's talkpage:

My search found only three (one using Lakeport, CA; and two using Yahoo's suggested search city of Lakeport, CA):

 * Lakeport, CA official website - take a look at the Visitors tab to find History and FAQ.
 * Lakeport Regional Chamber of Commerce - some Chamber of Comerce sites will be flowery because they want to attract business and visitors. Look for facts that match up with other sources.
 * School Accountability Report Card Reported for School Year 2004-05 - good school data.

Keep in mind the Trifecta article when you put together what your sources are telling you. If you click and read the links in that article on the Trifecta, you will be off to a good start.

Good luck, Ronbo76 03:52, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:RolandofFlanders


text:
David Bruce Winery

David Bruce Winery is a California winery located at about 2200 ft elevation in the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA above Silicon Valley in Northern California. It was established by dermatologist David Bruce, M.D., in 1964 about a mile away from the Martin Ray Vineyard that often appears on vineyard designated wines from David Bruce. The vineyard achieved international visibility when one of the winery's Chardonnays was featured in the 1976 wine tasting competition that became known as the Judgment of Paris. Today the winery specializes in Pinot noir.

History
David Bruce Winery was founded during the revival of the Santa Cruz Mountain wine industry between the 1950s and 1970s. Bruce selected his vineyard site because of its proximity to Martin Ray and with the belief that the high elevation and mesoclimate of the area would be well suited for growing the Burgundian wine grapes of Pinot noir and Chardonnay.

In 1975, British wine merchant Steven Spurrier selected 1973 bottling of David Bruce Chardonnay for his 1976 Paris tasting that would put Californian Chardonnays and Cabernet Sauvignon against their French counterparts from Burgundy and Bordeaux, respectively. While the overall Chardonnay category was won by a Californian wine from Napa Valley, the 1973 David Bruce Chardonnay placed last of the 10 Chardonnays being tasted.

title: David Bruce Winery


text:
Talk:Saturday Night's Main Event results

SNME XXXII
OK, several times in the past, I've added (and re-added) The Cutting Edge segment where Edge interviews Mick Foley and gets beat up; the segment being to heighten interest in their WrestleMania 22 match. Each time, someone goes in and deletes this interview segment. What I'd like to know is why, especially when other SNME recaps have included skits and/or interview segments in them? Each recap section really ought to be consistent (e.g., either interview segments included with each show that had them, or none at all). Briguy52748 16:55, 13 April 2006 (UTC)]]

Demolition
I'm not sure what combinations of Demolition wrestled the matches at XXI or XXII. If anyone can confirm that Crush wrestled either of the matches please change it accordingly.-Bdve 18:18, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, considering those were both in 1989 and Crush didn't debut until mid-way through 1990... 69.23.212.206 (talk) 01:37, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

Stop changing XXXIII
There is no reason for the most recent SNME to have a different format than the other 32 of them. Stop adding "with Sharmell and Regal", no other seconds are mentioned unless something notable happened with them. Stop adding match times unless you want to go back and do the same for the other 32. Bdve 18:38, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

The reason the others aren't mentioned with managers is because those things aren't available on most websites. I would be glad to add them in if I knew that info. If you have access to that info I would be happy to add it in. TJ Spyke 19:40, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

My bad, I guess
I don't know who added the format to the project page or where when and who decided on it, but it's not the one that was agreed upon here which is what I was formatting under. Personally I think this one with all the bullets looks terrible.Bdve 01:51, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

SNME 2007 BREAKING NEWS
At SNME 2007, the matches will take place at SNME, but until it airs, the WWE will act as if it hasnt oocured and will announce matches up to the June 2nd SNME, it is all part of a storyline. Also 2 matches have been announced, (not on WWE.com) John cena vs the great khali, batista and chris benoit vs mvp and edge.Nosaints4life 17:24, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Split article
Should it be appropriate to split the article into smaller sections, to cover a certain number of SNME's (1-10, 11-20, etc), since the article is alsready too unreasonably big? 63.3.21.129 04:53, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * If any split happened, it should be to split the old, WWF SNME from the new WWE SNME. I'm not saying it should be split (nor am I saying it shouldn't for that matter) just that if it is split, that would be the most logical reason for a split, as there was a huge gap and it's really a different show from the old ones.69.216.111.52 02:24, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

another match
can somebody add bobby lashely vs vince mcmahon in a arm wrestling contest because i saw it in the snme commercial that aired in raw. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Anormalwwefan (talk • contribs)
 * For future reference, you can add info yourself if it's needed (see WP:BOLD). It's been added. TJ Spyke 23:40, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Reply - The Bobby Lashley vs Vince McMahon match never happened because Vince wimpered out and Mark Henry replaces him. It was in the results —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.138.79.115 (talk • contribs)
 * Any particualr reason for replying to this 4 month old section? TJ Spyke 21:54, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Ring announcers at XXXIV
To the IP who added them, why do you think listing which Diva announced each match is notable? TJ Spyke 22:04, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it is notable because anyone looking at these results are going to think "why were there no Divas on the show besides Extreme Expose". Listing them as announcers at least lets people know that the female talent roster did actually play a part in the show. My question is why do think it is not notable? 24.89.69.22 22:59, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I would love to hear other peoples opinions. IMO, guest ring annoucers are not usually that notable. TJ Spyke 23:04, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't say it's normally notable but I think it is because each Diva announced a different match and none of them, as far as I remember, had the normal ring announcers doing the duty. It seemed to be a bit of a theme of the evening. But then again I reckon it should also be mentioned that the matches were all themed - the strongest, shortest etc. Tony2Times (talk) 16:48, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SaturdayNightsMainEvent.jpg
Image:SaturdayNightsMainEvent.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:08, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Cousin Luke
I'm fairly sure that Cousin Luke on here is directing to the wrong page. The Cousin Luke that was teaming with Hillbilly Jim. Cousin Luke was played by this guy. http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/g/gene-petit.html DX927 (talk) 21:20, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Feel free to change it (per WP:BOLD).  TJ   Spyke   23:39, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

OK
It looks like this bad article is going to be deleted. I'm going to actually try edit this piece of crap article. There were too many errors made on this page. TonyO13 (talk) 00:01, 5 August 2008 (UTC) TonyO13

Thanks
One, thanks to the guy who corrected the link for World Tag Champions, next to the Spirit Squad. I just couldn't type that in right. And thanks, to my hard work coming in and editing this page; the day before it was voted on to be retained. If you don't believe me look at my past edits. It took near two hours to fix this shitty page. TonyO13 (talk) 02:24, 10 August 2008 (UTC) TonyO13

Savage-Honky from 1987
My following contribution was deleted:

"Hulk Hogan's run-in to stop a 3-on-1 attack on Randy "Macho Man" Savage by the Honky Tonk Man and The Hart Foundation, (which had led to the disqualification) foreshadowed the formation of The Mega Powers months later."

on the grounds that this was OR and that it was not known if it actually led to the team. OK, understand that, but would it perhaps be fair to say, "Following the match, Hulk Hogan ran in to stop a 3-on-1 attack on Randy "Macho Man" Savage by the Honky Tonk Man and The Hart Foundation, (which had led to the disqualification)." No speculative OR here, just a statement of what happened. Briguy52748 (talk) 19:38, 13 February 2009 (UTC)]]
 * Yeah, no problem with that. The only problem was speculating that it led to the formation of the team. The rest is OK, so feel free to put that part back in.  TJ   Spyke   19:43, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

The events being numbered is original research
Seeing as how PPV events such as Backlash aren't numbered, there is no excuse to number the many SNME events. WWE refers to them by dates only, not numbers. I see fan sites list them by numbers as well, but that certainly doesn't make it acceptable here. I suggest the events be changed to just date (month, day and year... or month/year, as I don't think there was ever 2 SNME's in the same month of the same year). For a related discussion on this, see: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Professional_wrestling. RobJ1981 (talk) 04:41, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * With all due respect, I agree with TJ Spyke's discussion post on the WP:PW page, where he says the events are numbered for ease of use. Are you perhaps suggesting referring to a given episode, say, "May 1985" (for the first one), even though none of the shows had formal titles per se? Briguy52748 (talk) 12:40, 16 April 2009 (UTC)]]
 * Numbering them is original research, period. We shouldn't just do it because it looks better. WWE has never referred to them by number, so there is no reason we should. "Ease of use" isn't good enough. RobJ1981 (talk) 20:53, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

VI is wrong
Hulk Hogan and The Junkyard Dog (with The Haiti Kid) defeated Terry Funk and Hoss Funk (with Jimmy Hart and Jimmy Jack Funk)

It was actually Hoss and Jimmy Jack wrestling, Terry was already retired the first time and not involved. I don't know why the cited WWE page is wrong, but it is!00:50, 1 September 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.130.28.191 (talk)

The Main Event
As "The Main Event" line of shows was extremely similar to Saturday Night's Main Event, shouldn't there at least be a note and a link to the TME results on this page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.239.48.141 (talk) 00:25, 28 December 2011 (UTC)


text:
List of storms named Katrina

The name Katrina has been used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, three tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and one tropical cyclone in the South Pacific. It was used in the Pacific on the old four-year lists. The name was retired in the North Atlantic after 2005, and was replaced by Katia for the 2011 season.

Atlantic

 * Hurricane Katrina (1981) – late-season Category 1 hurricane that impacted portions of the Greater Antilles and Bahamas
 * Tropical Storm Katrina (1999) – Disorganized and weak tropical storm that caused minor damage in Central America and Mexico
 * Hurricane Katrina (2005) – A powerful Category 5 major hurricane that devastated the U.S. Gulf Coast, making landfall first near Miami, Florida, as a Category 1 hurricane, near Buras, Louisiana and Long Beach, Mississippi, at Category 3 intensity, causing over US$125 billion in damage and over 1,800 deaths.

Eastern Pacific

 * Hurricane Katrina (1967) – struck Baja California and caused flooding in the southwest U.S. as a tropical storm.
 * Tropical Storm Katrina (1971) – affected Baja California and hit Mexico as a tropical storm.
 * Hurricane Katrina (1975) – did not affect land.

Australian region

 * Cyclone Katrina (1998) – severe and erratic tropical cyclone that affected the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Northern Australia. Its remnants eventually regenerated into Cyclone Victor–Cindy.

title: List of storms named Katrina


text:
Bieda

Bieda is a surname and toponym. It may refer to:

 * Blera, town in Italy formerly named Bieda
 * Halina Bieda (born 1962), Polish politician
 * Jarosława Bieda (born 1937), Polish athlete
 * Steve Bieda (born 1961), American politician

title: Bieda


text:
Talk:Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnets

Article for expansion
tedder (talk) 17:59, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Westchester High to become magnet school amid cost, ethnicity concerns 13 April 2011, Howard Blume, LATimes.
 * Could this be why it's not listed on LAUSD's school list now? 76.14.177.248 (talk) 00:10, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Lynnette Fromme?
The wiki entries for Lynette Fromme and Redondo Beach High School both list her as an alumnus of Redondo High School. Could someone verify where she actually graduated from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.61.20.206 (talk) 14:11, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:37, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Roy Smalley Twins.jpg


text:
Gable stone

Gable stones (gevelstenen) are carved and often colourfully painted stone tablets, which are set into the walls of buildings, usually at about 4 metres from the ground. They serve both to identify and embellish the building. They are also called "stone tablets" by the Rijksmuseum, which sometimes appends "from a facade". A "wall stone" is another suggested translation from the Dutch term.

The content of gable stones may explain something about the house's owner and are a feature of the urban fabric of Amsterdam. Some 2,500 of these stones can still be found in the Netherlands, of which around 850 are in Amsterdam and 250 in Maastricht, while others are also found in cities such as Brussels, Liège, Lille, Oslo, Bergen, Munich, Copenhagen, Bucharest, Zürich, Stockholm and Warsaw.

History
Gable stones came into use in the 16th century, in the days before house numbers, taking over from hanging signs as a way of simultaneously and memorably identifying and adorning a house.

The tradition is alive and has moved with the times – new stones are still commissioned, and for instance the Rabobank at Frederiksplein 54 in Amsterdam wistfully commemorates the introduction of the euro with a stone entitled De eerste en de laatste gulden (The first and the last guilder), created by Zutphen sculptor Hans 't Mannetje.

In Amsterdam, many gable stones have been conserved by the Vereniging Vrienden van Amsterdamse Gevelstenen (VVAG) or Friends of Amsterdam Gable Stones.

Features
They normally combine a picture with an inscription, or sometimes just a date. Some illustrate the name or profession of the owner, for instance a quill pen as a badge for an author, or a ship for a sailor. Some are named after notable people (The King of Bohemia) or faraway trading destinations (Königsberg). Some stones act as talismans, quoting from holy scripture. A pious motto repeatedly found on Dutch gable stones is Nooit Volmaakt (Never Perfect), a testimony to the householder's belief that only God can achieve perfection. Going beyond practicality or superstition, some stones make a joke, usually a visual pun. For instance the "Batenburg" stone from Prinsengracht, Amsterdam, shown here, puns on the words baten (to profit) and burg (castle) to form a playful honor to André Batenburg, a supporter of the city's historic preservation movement who helped conserve the house on which the stone is mounted.

A variation on the theme is a tablet bearing a biblical quotation or more worldly motto, but without an image. (Mediaeval builders also often carved mottos in wooden beams or painted them on plaster panels.) An interesting example is the Dutch-language tablet in Österlånggatan in the Hanseatic old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It reads:
 * Gaet het wel men heeft veel vrinden
 *  kert het luck wie kan se vinden
 * [When things go well one has many friends
 * If your luck changes who can find them?]

title: Gable stone


text:
User talk:Nikkesopo

Welcome to the Wikipedia!
Welcome to the Wikipedia, Nikkesopo! And thanks for your contribution on the Simon Baron-Cohen bio page...

Here are some perfunctory tips to speed your indoctrination into the Wikipedia experience:

 * Take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial.
 * When it strikes your fancy, try to grasp some of the nuances at Manual of Style, Assume good faith and Policies and Guidelines.  But keep in mind the unique style you brought to the Wiki!
 * Don't worry about keeping up with the Jones' learning curve on NPOV, but be respectful of others' POV and use a neutral point of view; your unique perspective on the meaning of neutrality is invaluable!
 * If you need any help, post your question at the Help Desk.
 * Explore, be bold in editing, and, above all else, have fun!

And some odds and ends:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes: ~~~~.

Best of luck, Nikkesopo, and have fun! Ombudsman 22:52, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nikkesopo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Evil Starfire

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. There was no substantial agreement on what to do about this article. --Tony Sidaway Talk 11:30, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Evil Starfire
Would have called it nonsense but it seems like something that might make sense to someone. Probably a charactor from some tv/movie/book/videogame series. Possible reference to Starfire (comics)? Hansonc 22:52, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a character from Teen Titans, but not really notable to warrant an article, so delete. 23skidoo 23:13, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a character from Teen Titans, but not really notable to warrant an article, so merge. Radiant_ >|< 14:24, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to somewhere per Radiant. Meelar (talk) 15:44, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Teen Titans. JamesBurns 03:34, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Also consider this entry Dark Beastboy and Dark Cyborg after making your decision. lots of issues  | leave me a message 00:19, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:69.168.217.117

title: User talk:69.168.217.117


text:
Pauly Shore Is Dead

Pauly Shore Is Dead is a 2003 American mockumentary comedy film directed, produced, co-written by, and starring Pauly Shore. The film is depicted as a semi-autobiographical retelling of Shore's early success and dwindling popularity in the late 1990s, after which it documents Shore's (fictional) attempt to fake his own death in order to drum up popularity for his films. It features many cameos.

Plot
The film begins as an autobiographical look at Shore's early professional successes on MTV and as the star of a series of '90s comedies. Shore's film career leads to his taking a starring role in a vehicle on the Fox Network, in which he plays the slacker son of a millionaire. The pilot of the series turns out to be a commercial and critical failure, and Shore becomes a pariah virtually overnight, with his friends distancing themselves from him for fear that it will tarnish their own careers. Shore is ultimately reduced to living in his mother's attic and watching BackDoor Sluts 9 starring his ex-girlfriend, who will no longer see him. He spends his last $84 on a hooker—who does almost nothing for him and his life simply gets worse and worse.

One night, Shore is visited by the ghost of his mentor, comic Sam Kinison, who encourages Shore to fake his own death as a means of revitalizing popularity in Pauly Shore films and merchandise. Shore decides to go through with the plan, which initially works: Once word of his "death" breaks, celebrities eager for the residual publicity begin appearing on television in large numbers to declare Shore a comic genius and lament his early death. Shore, eager to bask in the publicity, begins appearing in public wearing a disguise; he is quickly outed, arrested, and sent to prison.

In prison, Shore is attacked by one of his former fans, "Bucky from Kentucky," a redneck whose world view was shattered when he learned that Shore had willingly put his own fans through the ordeal of thinking he was dead. Shore survives the attack, which causes him to realize that even though he was no longer as famous as he once was, he still had fans who loved him. Shore and Bucky have a heart-to-heart about the nature of celebrity, and Shore decides to start his career over.

After getting out of prison, Shore sets about making Pauly Shore Is Dead to chronicle his own rise and fall, using information he has gathered from years in Hollywood to blackmail various B-list celebrities into appearing in cameos; he reserves the information he has on A-list celebrities for the planned sequel.

Cast
As Themselves
 * Pauly Shore as himself and Bucky's Cousin
 * W. Earl Brown as Bucky from Kentucky
 * Kristin Herold as Bucky's Cousin
 * David Kersey as Bucky Jr.
 * Miriam Cohen Kiel as Bucky's Daughter
 * Kelly Kursten as Bucky's wife
 * Timmy Jamieson as Sam Kinison
 * Clint Howard as Pauly's Business Manager
 * Bobby Lee as Delivery Boy
 * Jason Mewes as Robert Francesco
 * Christopher Penn as Half of Gay Couple in Jail
 * Sam Rubin as Michael Figliolia
 * Lala Sloatman as Hooker In loft
 * Marilyn Martinez as The Housekeeper
 * Pamela Anderson
 * A. J. Benza
 * B-Real
 * Todd Bridges
 * Tommy Chong
 * Carson Daly
 * Ellen DeGeneres
 * Jewel De'Nyle
 * Dustin Diamond
 * Andy Dick
 * Dr. Dre
 * Jerry Dunphy
 * Eminem
 * Fred Durst
 * Sully Erna
 * Perry Farrell
 * Corey Feldman
 * Heidi Fleiss
 * Natasha Henstridge
 * Nicky Hilton
 * Paris Hilton
 * Dexter Holland
 * Kato Kaelin
 * Craig Kilborn
 * Sam Kinison (archive footage)
 * Tommy Lee
 * Kurt Loder
 * Mario López
 * Michael Madsen
 * Bill Maher
 * Pat O'Brien
 * Nancy O'Dell
 * Sean Penn
 * Matt Pinfield
 * Sally Jessy Raphael
 * Chris Rock
 * Ja Rule
 * Adam Sandler (voice)
 * Charlie Sheen
 * Tiffany Shepis
 * Snoop Dogg
 * Britney Spears
 * Ben Stiller
 * Tom Sizemore
 * Verne Troyer

Reception
Pauly Shore Is Dead received mixed reviews, with a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a notably higher rating than his oft-panned '90s films. It was a box office bomb, however, earning just $11,000 after a very limited release to theaters in Sacramento, California. It won the Audience Choice Award from the Slamdunk Film Festival (for Shore's direction).

title: Pauly Shore Is Dead


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Mr. Bobby

"Mr. Bobby" is the last single from Manu Chao's second album, Próxima Estación: Esperanza. Originally, the song was released in a stripped-down form without any wind instruments on the "Bongo Bong" single in 1998. The song, which is a tribute to reggae legend Bob Marley, had success in European countries such as Spain, Italy and Switzerland. During live performances, Manu Chao's band performs the "Politik Kills" version as it is more reggae-influenced than the album version (which has the same backing track as "Bongo Bong").

Track listing

 * 1) "Mr. Bobby" (Politik Kills)
 * 2) "Mr. Bobby" (Wyskyfacile)
 * 3) "Mr. Bobby"

Music video
A music video directed by Run Wrake was produced for the song. Like most of Manu Chao's videos at the time, it is mostly animated except for the singer.

Covers
American musician B.o.B recorded a cover of the song, with original lyrics, which can be found on his fifth mixtape, B.o.B vs. Bobby Ray (2009).

title: Mr. Bobby


text: User talk:199.184.176.10

title: User talk:199.184.176.10


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Fitness game

Fitness game, exergame, and gamercise (portmanteaus of "exercise" and "game")  are terms used for video games that are also a form of exercise. Fitness games rely on technology that tracks body movement or reaction. The genre has been used to challenge the stereotype of gaming as a sedentary activity, and promoting an active lifestyle among gamers. Fitness games are seen as evolving from technology aimed at making exercise more fun.

History
The genre's roots can be found in game peripherals released in the eighties, including the Joyboard, a Atari 2600 peripheral developed by Amiga and released in 1982, the Power Pad (or Family Trainer) a peripheral for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), originally released by Bandai in 1986, and the Foot Craz released for the Atari 2600 in 1987, although all three had limited success. Konami's Dance Dance Revolution (1998) was cited as one of the first major fitness games; when it was ported from the arcade to PlayStation, it sold over three million copies. In the 2000s, a number of devices and games have used the exergame style to much success: the EyeToy camera has sold over ten million units, while Nintendo's Wii Fit has sold in excess of 21 million copies. By June 2009, health games were generating revenues of $2 billion, largely due to Wii Fit's 18.22 million sales at the time. The term exergaming entered the Collins English Dictionary in 2007.

The genre has been promoted as a way to improve users' health through exercise, but few studies have been undertaken to measure the health benefits. Smaller trials have yielded mixed results and have shown that the respective traditional methods of exercise are superior to their video game equivalents. Design considerations for fitness games include the need to balance the physical effectiveness of the exercise with the attractiveness of the gameplay, with both factors needed to be adapted to the abilities of the player, referred to as 'dual flow'

1980s
Fitness games contain elements that were developed in the virtual reality community during the 1980s. The pioneer in this area was Autodesk, which developed two systems, the HighCycle and Virtual Racquetball. The HighCycle was an exercise bike that a user would pedal through a virtual landscape. If the user pedaled fast enough, the virtual bike would take off and fly over the landscape. Virtual Racquetball tracked the position and orientation of an actual racquet that was used to hit a virtual ball in a virtual environment. This environment was shared with another user equipped with another tracked racquet, allowing the two users to play each other over phone lines. In both systems, the users could wear the VPL eyephones, an early head-mounted display (HMD), that would provide more immersion for the user.

The first true attempt at what would later be called Exertainment was the Atari Puffer project (1982). This was an exercise bike that would hook up to an Atari 400/800 or 5200 system. Forward speed was controlled by pedaling while steering and additional gameplay was handled by a handlebar-mounted Gamepad. The machine was nearly ready for production with several games (Tumbleweeds and Jungle River Cruise) when Atari declared bankruptcy and the Puffer project was abandoned. The Joyboard for the Atari 2600 was also released in 1982, by the Amiga Corporation.

In Japan, Bandai dabbled in this space with the Family Trainer pad, released in 1986 for the Famicom (the Japanese version of the Nintendo Entertainment System). In 1988, Nintendo acquired the North American rights to the pad, and marketed it as the Power Pad in North America.

The first fitness game system released to the market was the 1986 CompuTrainer by RacerMate Inc. Designed as a training aid and motivational tool, the CompuTrainer system allowed users to interactively ride on their own bicycle through a virtual landscape generated on an NES or Commodore 64 by connecting their bike trainer unit directly to an external port on the game cartridge. Two trainer units could be connected at a time for 2 players to race virtually on screen while also displaying data such as speed, power, pedaling cadence, heart rate, and distance. As riders raced virtually, the cartridge sent a signal back to the CompuTrainer unit to dynamically change the bicycle's actual resistance based on what was happening on screen in real time with incline, wind, and drafting. The product had a price that was far too high to be considered as an entertainment product, but was affordable by dedicated athletes. RacerMate released the "Racermate Challenge I" cartridge on the Commodore 64 and the "Racermate Challenge II" cartridge on the NES. RacerMate made the CompuTrainer until 2017, where its latest version runs using Microsoft Windows compatible software with extensive graphic and physiological capabilities.

About the same time as the Computrainer, Concept II introduced a computer attachment for their rowing machine. This has become their eRow product and is used for both individual motivation as well as competition in "indoor rowing leagues".

1990s
During the 1990s, there was a surge of interest in the application of virtual reality to high-end gym equipment. Life Fitness and Nintendo partnered to produce the Exertainment System; Precor had an LCD-based bike product, and Universal had several CRT-based systems. The Netpulse system provided users with the ability to browse the web while exercising. Fitlinxx introduced a system that used sensors attached to weight machines in order to provide automated feedback to users.

Three issues combined to ensure the failure of these systems in the marketplace. First, they were significantly more expensive than the equivalent models that did not have all the additional electronics. Second, they were harder to maintain, and were often left broken. Lastly the additional expertise required to operate the software was often intimidating to the users, who shied away from the machines out of fear that they would look foolish while trying to master the machine.

Until 1998, nothing significant happened in the field of videogame exercise. Hardware was still too expensive for the average home consumer, and the health clubs were gun-shy about adopting any new technology. As high-performance game console capabilities improved and prices fell, manufacturers once more started to explore the fitness market.

In 1998, Konami's Dance Dance Revolution was released. Pump It Up, a dance game similar to Konami's, was released in 1999 by the company Andamiro.

2000s
In 2000, UK startup Exertris introduced an interactive gaming bike to the commercial fitness market.

Fitness games came to the mass media attention at the Consumer Electronics Show when Bill Gates showcased the Exertris Interactive Gaming Bike in 2003, and the following year the same show hosted a pavilion dedicated to video game technology that also worked as sports and exercise equipment.

The 2005 release of the EyeToy: Kinetic brought the first multi-function fitness game hardware into the home market. Making the players physical movements into the game's controller. 2006 saw the launch of Gamercize, combining traditional fitness equipment with game consoles. The minimalist approach allows game play to continue only when exercising, turning all game titles into potential fitness games.

Nintendo's Wii in 2006 brought acceleration detection with the Wii Remote. In late 2007, Nintendo released Wii Fit, which utilized a new peripheral, the Wii Balance Board. The popularity of the Wii led to it being used in hospital "Wiihab" rehabilitation programs.

The PCGamerBike appeared at CES in 2007 where it received an Honoree Award. It differs from other fitness game devices in that its pedal motion can be mapped to any key on the keyboard. It also has an optical encoder which detects forward and reverse pedal motion. The Fisher-Price Smart Cycle was another entry in the field.

Other examples of fitness game products include: Positive Gaming iDANCE, iSTEP, Cobalt Flux Blufit, Cyber coach, NeoRacer, Gymkids exercise equipment with interactive technology, some Wii titles such as EA Sports Active, Cybex TRAZER, Powergrid Fitness Kilowatt, Lightspace Play Floor, PlayMotion, Yourself!Fitness, Expresso Fitness S2, i.play, Cyber ExerCycle, VEQTOR Sport Trainer and Sportwall.

2010s
Microsoft's Kinect (2010) was the first major consumer-focused body motion tracking hardware. Games such as Just Dance and Nike+ Kinect Training (2012) used Kinect to make physical body motion into a method of control for games. The trend within consoles that started with the Wii peaked with the pedometer-pairing Wii Fit U (2013). These were followed up in the eighth generation by a fitness game push by Microsoft with the Xbox One launch day Xbox Fitness service (2013), which tracked metrics such as heart rate and correct form while synchronising these metrics with the Microsoft Health. By 2017, Microsoft had pivoted away from Kinect and fitness games on consoles. In 2019, Nintendo released Fitness Boxing, and Ring Fit Adventure for the Nintendo Switch, which take advantage of the Joy-Con controllers, acting as motion detectors in multiple areas of the body.

Mobile phone apps such as Zombies, Run! (2012), Run An Empire, Ingress (2013), and Pokémon Go (2016) have been described as augmented reality exergames.

Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a new interface method for fitness games. Games like Beat Saber, Holodance, OhShape, and others allow players to get good exercise while playing a video game.

2020s
Fitness games gained in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ring Fit Adventure (2019) sold-out at most retailers worldwide and saw a price increase from $80 to $300 on reselling websites. Nintendo also released Jump Rope Challenge (2020) for free and for a limited time in an effort to keep Nintendo Switch owners active while in quarantine. However, Nintendo later announced that the game would remain on the Nintendo eShop until further notice. As of September 30, 2020, players of the game had recorded 2.5 billion jumps in total.

The COVID-19 pandemic also caused delays in the industry. One reason Ring Fit Adventure (2019) did not have enough supply to meet demand was that China was hit early by the pandemic, leading to manufacturing shortages. The pandemic also delayed several VR products, such as the Valve Index, and titles such as Marvel's Iron Man VR and Little Witch Academia: VR Broom Racing.

Fitness games also proved to be especially helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they were a great motivator for physical activity, which fought the sedentary lifestyle lockdowns caused. Physical fitness is known to aid in disease prognosis, as it boosts the immune system, shortened the recovery period from COVID-19, and reduced the negative effects of stress from living in isolation.

Overwhelmed medical centers also turned to therapeutic fitness games during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they proved to be more socially distant, required less direct supervision, and used less personal protective equipment. These games can be adjusted for each patients' exercise needs, making them suitable for the COVID-19 patients whose mobility became limited, or elderly patients, who were affected by COVID-19 at an increased rate.

Effectiveness
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that some fitness games can provide light to moderate intensity physical activity.

Recreational fitness games can also be useful for rehabilitation. While they are not always as adjustable as therapeutic fitness games, recreational fitness games can still help maintain an adequate amount of physical activity, can help those without access to traditional rehabilitation, and can prolong the benefits of in-hospital rehabilitation. However, recreational fitness games might require more supervision, as they are less likely to exercise the correct muscles as therapeutic fitness games.

Exercise games have also proven to be an effective supplement for rehabilitation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, including balance rehabilitation for the elderly. Children are oftentimes more receptive to the idea of fitness games, making it an especially helpful tool in motivating ill children in their rehabilitation efforts.

A 2021 systematic review found that exercise games could reduce BMI, and improve body fat percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness.

A 2020 systematic review found that fitness games can be utilized to augment treatment for a variety of patient populations such as geriatrics, and those with Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries.

A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis found that fitness games are effective for improving muscle tension, muscle strength, activities of daily living (ADL), joint range of motion, gait, balance, and kinematics. The review also suggested that fitness games may be more effective at improving dynamic balance control and preventing falls in subacute and chronic stroke patients when compared to current treatment methods.

A 2018 systematic review in the Journal of Medical Internet Research of 10 randomized trials studying the "Social Effects of Exergames on Older Adults" found that "the majority of exergame studies demonstrated promising results for enhanced social well-being, such as reduction of loneliness, increased social connection, and positive attitudes towards others".

Another 2018 systematic review of 10 randomised controlled trials of fitness games in overweight children found that they can produce a small reduction in body mass index.

As of 2016, fitness games for those with neurological disabilities had been studied in around 140 small clinical trials in people of all ages, to see if it can help this group get enough physical exercise to maintain their health. This mode of getting exercise appears attractive in this population from a public health perspective because of its low cost and accessibility. Fitness games have the potential to provide moderate intensity exercises in this population, but the evidence was too weak on long-term follow-up to draw strong conclusions.

There is significant evidence across multiple random controlled trials relating fitness games to improved cognitive functioning in healthy older adults (with a mean age of 69), and attenuated deterioration or improvement in adults with cognitive impairment from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

In addition, studies investigated if fitness games can lead to improvements in cognitive performance in clinical and non-clinical populations such as those who have ADHD and depression. There are first encouraging results, but the empirical evidence still is limited.

Studies have shown that fitness games help manage anxiety in several ways. Fitness games help lower anxiety levels in various clinical populations such as patients with Parkinson's disease, enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation, with fibromyalgia, and with systemic lupus erythematosus by introducing more permanent positive physiological changes than methods that do not involve exercise do.

Fitness games are accessible to many disabled patients, as some have settings that allow the game to remember a person's range of motion, whether they have any assistive devices, and general physical ability.

Safety
Fitness games have been shown to be safe and cost effective when used for stroke rehabilitation. Virtual environments allow patients to practice skills that would otherwise be unsafe in real world scenarios. A stroke patient with compromised balance, for example, could practice crossing the street in a simulated environment, something that would be risky and unsafe in real time. Fitness games can also make typical rehab exercises safer. Implementing virtual obstacles instead of physical obstacles in balance training exercises, for example, mitigates the risk of falls while increasing a patient's confidence.

Design trends
When making a fitness game system, the manufacturer of a consumer product must make the decision as to whether the system will be usable with off-the-shelf games or if custom software must be written for it. Because it takes longer for a user to move their entire body in response to stimulation from the game, it is often the case that dedicated software must be written for the game to playable. An example of this is Konami's Dance Dance Revolution. Though designed to be played by users moving about on a specially designed dancepad, that game can alternatively be played by pushing buttons with one's fingers using a standard hand-held gamepad. When played with the dancepad at higher levels the game can be quite challenging (and physically exhausting), but if the game is played using the buttons on the hand controller, none of the sequences are physically limited.

Newer systems such as Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Wii use alternative input devices such as the Kinect and PlayStation Move. The Move uses image analysis to extract the motion of the user against a background and uses these motions to control the character in the game. A specifically designed exercise game Kinect, superimposes animated objects to be punched, kicked, or otherwise interacted with over a video image of the user. The Wii and PlayStation 3 both incorporate motion sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes into the hand-held controllers that are used to direct behaviors within the game. Research projects such as exertion interfaces that investigate the design aspects of these games explore how the technological augmentation that comes with the digital gameplay component can be nurtured for additional benefits, such as utilizing the social power of exercising together even though players are connected only over a network or scaling the number of players, enabling novel exercise experiences not available without the technological augmentation.

One of the newest trends is using virtual reality immersion. VR systems have several potential advantages for athletic training; environments can be precisely controlled and scenarios standardized, augmented information can be incorporated to guide performance, and the environment can be dynamically altered to create different competitive situations. High frame rate display technologies, for example head-mounted display, can be used to transform the user into any sporting situation e.g. a track cycling veledrome. Natural movements can also be incorporated into the games, for example utilizing an omnidirectional treadmill, such as the Infinadeck. Such a system allows the user to virtually be in the game while allowing 360 degrees of movement. While the technology is new, it is showing promising results in weight management as well as in high participation rates.

title: Fitness game


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Ken Rutherford (cricketer)

Kenneth Robert Rutherford (born 26 October 1965) is a former New Zealand cricketer who enjoyed a ten-year career with the national team, and was captain for a period in the 1990s. He is the 50th ODI cap for New Zealand.

Family
Rutherford's elder brother Ian Rutherford also played first-class cricket as a batsman for Otago from 1974–75 to 1983–84. The brothers played in the same Otago team in 1982–83 and 1983–84.

Rutherford's eldest son Hamish Rutherford made his Test debut for New Zealand against England in March 2013, scoring 171.

Domestic career
Ken Rutherford played for Kings High School first XI in Dunedin. He made the team in his third form on the Monday before he officially started at school. He would open the batting with Glen Denham. He made his debut for Otago in 1982–83 at the age of 17, batting at number six. He then was granted a scholarship at Lords in 1984. Following this, Rutherford was selected for the Young New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe.

Opening the batting for Otago in 1984–85 he scored 442 runs at 44.20, including his first century, 130 against Auckland, and he was asked to open the batting for New Zealand in the West Indies at a time when West Indies were at the height of their powers. Rutherford's highest score for Otago was 226 not out against India in the 1989/90 season.

Rutherford's highest first-class score of 317, scored playing for a New Zealand touring side against a D.B.Close XI at Scarborough in 1986, achieved several records for New Zealand cricket. it contained eight sixes and 45 boundary fours, crossing the boundary rope a record 53 times. The runs were scored in a day – the most runs scored in one day by a New Zealand batsman, and 199 of the runs were scored in one session between lunch and tea. The match was something of a festival occasion, with some elderly players in the fielding ranks, and Rutherford had not played with great distinction in the test matches. It is the highest innings in the history of the Scarborough Festival,.

Upon being dropped from the New Zealand team in 1995, Rutherford moved to South Africa, where he played first-class cricket for five seasons, first for Transvaal and then for Gauteng (which replaced Transvaal in 1994), before finally retiring, scoring a duck in his last game.

International career
Making his debut during New Zealand's tour of the West Indies in 1984–85 at the age of 19, Rutherford played in all four Test matches. Facing the West Indian pace attack, he endured a difficult time, scoring 0, 0 (run out without facing a ball), 4 (an edge through the slips), 0, 2, 1 and 5 in the series. Rutherford described that by the time the fourth test arrived "I was devastated emotionally. I couldn't handle the bombardment on the field and felt shell shocked off it".

He was not selected for the tour of Australia in 1985–86, but after scoring 638 runs at 53.16 with three centuries in the Shell Trophy he returned to the Test team when Australia toured New Zealand early in 1986, this time in the middle order, scoring two fifties in the three Tests.

Rutherford was a steady feature of the side after his return. However he had a habit of not converting fifties into centuries in Test cricket though he clearly had the ability to do so, as shown by his 35 first-class centuries. He captained New Zealand's team for three years, with two Test wins in 18 attempts in what was a difficult tenure as New Zealand struggled to find a replacement for the retired Richard Hadlee and suffered the decline in power of their only world class batsman, Martin Crowe.

Arguably, Rutherford's greatest success came in One Day Internationals where he won ten matches as captain and made his highest international score, with 108 in a losing cause against India. He was a member of the New Zealand side which reached the semi-finals of the 1992 World Cup, their 2nd equal best performance in the tournament's history.

After cricket
In the 1997 New Year Honours, Rutherford was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to cricket.

Rutherford published his autobiography, A Hell of a Way to Make a Living, in 1995. With Mike Crean he wrote a book for young cricketers, Ken Rutherford’s Book of Cricket, in 1992.

After retirement from the playing side of the game, he coached the Irish national cricket team.

After coaching the Ireland national team for two years he followed his interest in horse racing, returning home to work as head bookmaker for the New Zealand TAB and then filled a similar role in Singapore. Back in South Africa he then worked as chief executive of racing broadcaster Tellytrack. Since 2013 (and ) he is general manager of the Waikato Racing Club. He left Waikato Racing Club to take up a similar role in New South Wales at the end of 2019.

He is also a cricket commentator for Sky Network Television.

title: Ken Rutherford (cricketer)


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UCCU Ballpark

DoTerra Field at UCCU Ballpark (formerly known as Brent Brown Ballpark), is a baseball park in the western United States, on the campus of Utah Valley University (UVU) in southwestern Orem, Utah. It is the home field of the Utah Valley Wolverines of the NCAA Division I Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

History
Originally known as Parkway Crossing Stadium, it was completed in 2005. The ballpark was a design-build project led by Utah Division of Facilities and Construction Management and built by R&O Construction. With seating for 2,500, the capacity is increased to over 5,000 with the incorporation of the grass berm seating. The ballpark overlooks Mt. Timpanogos beyond the outfield. Its facilities include indoor tunnels, weight rooms and offices for both teams. The ballpark serves as a shared facility for Utah Valley State University and the Orem Owlz. The Owls of the Pioneer League were an affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels, who had played the previous four seasons as the Provo Angels.

The stadium made its debut on March 24, 2005 with Utah Valley defeating Southern Utah 5-3. On June 13, 2007, the stadium was officially named Brent Brown Ballpark in honor of Brent Brown. Brent and Kim Brown and Ira and Mary Lou Fulton donated to Utah Valley to help pay the bond for the stadium. The new name was a source of dispute between the Orem Owlz and the University. The Owlz referred to the ballpark simply as "Home of the Owlz".

The name of the ballpark changed again on December 7, 2017 to UCCU Ballpark after Utah Community Credit Union obtained the naming rights of the ballpark for 10 years.

On March 23, 2020 DoTerra Field at UCCU Ballpark was unveiled. DoTerra had provided funds for a renovation of the facility that included an upgrade to the playing surface from natural grass to FieldTurf's DoublePlay system.

The Orem Owlz relocated to Windsor, Colorado in the fall of 2020.

Dimensions
305 ft down the left field line quickly angles to 427 ft just left of dead center which is 408 ft. The right field gap is marked at 388 ft and angles to 312 ft down the right field line. The fence also varies in height: 20 ft high down the left field line for approximately the first 90 ft and then dropping to 10 ft throughout the rest of the park. Though the short left and right field fences provide an advantage for hitters, the long distance to the rest of the park makes it difficult to hit home runs.

Events
From May 22–26, 2012, the ballpark hosted the 2012 Great West Conference baseball tournament. Utah Valley won the tournament, finishing the season with a 29–0 Great West record. It is also occasionally used for concerts.

title: UCCU Ballpark