text:
Dąbrowa

Dąbrowa (Polish for "oak forest") may refer to:

Greater Poland Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Gniezno County, a settlement in Gmina Trzemeszno
 * Dąbrowa, Jarocin County, a village in Gmina Jarocin
 * Dąbrowa, Kalisz County, a village in Gmina Koźminek
 * Dąbrowa, Koło County, a village in Gmina Koło
 * Dąbrowa, Konin County, a village in Gmina Sompolno
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Krotoszyn, a village in Krotoszyn County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Rozdrażew, a village in Krotoszyn County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Kuślin, a village in Nowy Tomyśl County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Zbąszyń, a settlement in Nowy Tomyśl County
 * Dąbrowa, Poznań County, a village in Gmina Dopiewo
 * Dąbrowa, Rawicz County, a village in Gmina Miejska Górka
 * Dąbrowa, Słupca County, a village in Gmina Lądek
 * Dąbrowa, Śrem County, a village in Gmina Śrem
 * Dąbrowa, Środa Wielkopolska County, a settlement in Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Pniewy, a settlement in Szamotuły County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Wronki, a village in Szamotuły County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Brudzew, a village in Turek County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Dobra, a village in Turek County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Przykona, a village in Turek County
 * Dąbrowa, Wągrowiec County, a village in Gmina Damasławek

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Mogilno County, a village in Gmina Dąbrowa
 * Gmina Dąbrowa, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, a rural administrative division in Mogilno County
 * Dąbrowa, Sępólno County, a village in Gmina Kamień Krajeński

Lesser Poland Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa County, a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat)
 * Dąbrowa, Nowy Sącz County, a village in Gmina Chełmiec
 * Dąbrowa, Wieliczka County, a village in Gmina Kłaj

Łódź Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Kleszczów, a settlement in Bełchatów County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Rusiec, a village in Bełchatów County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Zelów, a village in Bełchatów County
 * Dąbrowa, Brzeziny County, a village in Gmina Jeżów
 * Dąbrowa, Łask County, a village in Gmina Buczek
 * Dąbrowa, Łowicz County, a village in Gmina Zduny
 * Dąbrowa, Łódź East County, a village in Gmina Nowosolna
 * Dąbrowa, Opoczno County, a village in Gmina Sławno
 * Dąbrowa, Pabianice County, a village in Gmina Dłutów
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Kiełczygłów, a village in Pajęczno County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Sulmierzyce, a village in Pajęczno County
 * Dąbrowa, Piotrków County, a village in Gmina Łęki Szlacheckie
 * Dąbrowa, Poddębice County, a village in Gmina Uniejów
 * Dąbrowa, Radomsko County, a village in Gmina Kamieńsk
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Inowłódz, a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Lubochnia, a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki, a village in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
 * Dąbrowa, Wieluń County, a village in Gmina Wieluń
 * Dąbrowa, Zgierz County, a village in Gmina Głowno
 * Dąbrowa Widawska, a village in Gmina Widawa, Łask County

Lower Silesian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Milicz County, a village in Gmina Krośnice
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Oleśnica, a village in Oleśnica County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Twardogóra, a village in Oleśnica County
 * Dąbrowa, Polkowice County, a village in Gmina Polkowice

Lublin Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Hrubieszów, a village in Hrubieszów County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Mircze, a village in Hrubieszów County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Annopol, a village in Kraśnik County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Trzydnik Duży, a village in Kraśnik County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Ludwin, a village in Łęczna County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Milejów, a village in Łęczna County
 * Dąbrowa, Lublin County, a village in Gmina Borzechów
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Krynice, a village in Tomaszów Lubelski County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Tomaszów Lubelski, a village in Tomaszów Lubelski County
 * Dąbrowa, Zamość County, a village in Gmina Łabunie

Lubusz Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Zielona Góra County, a village in Gmina Zabór
 * Dąbrowa, Żary County, a village in Gmina Lubsko

Masovian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Ciechanów County, a village in Gmina Ojrzeń
 * Dąbrowa, Garwolin County, a village in Gmina Łaskarzew
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Mogielnica, a village in Grójec County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, a village in Grójec County
 * Dąbrowa, Lipsko County, a village in Gmina Ciepielów
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Mrozy, a village in Mińsk County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Siennica, a village in Mińsk County
 * Dąbrowa, Mława County, a village in Gmina Strzegowo
 * Dąbrowa, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County, a village in Gmina Nasielsk
 * Dąbrowa, Ostrołęka County, a village in Gmina Baranowo
 * Dąbrowa, Ostrów Mazowiecka County, a village in Gmina Andrzejewo
 * Dąbrowa, Przasnysz County, a village in Gmina Chorzele
 * Dąbrowa, Przysucha County, a village in Gmina Odrzywół
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Mokobody, a village in Siedlce County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Przesmyki, a village in Siedlce County
 * Dąbrowa, Sokołów County, a village in Gmina Sokołów Podlaski
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Korytnica, a village in Węgrów County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Łochów, a village in Węgrów County
 * Dąbrowa, Wyszków County, a village in Gmina Rząśnik
 * Dąbrowa, Żuromin County, a village in Gmina Żuromin

Opole Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Namysłów County, a village in Gmina Świerczów
 * Gmina Dąbrowa, Opole Voivodeship, a rural administrative district in Opole County
 * Dąbrowa, Opole County, a village in Gmina Dąbrowa

Podlaskie Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Kleszczele, a settlement in Hajnówka County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Narewka, a village in Hajnówka County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Grabowo, a village in Kolno County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Stawiski, a village in Kolno County

Pomeranian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Kartuzy County, a village in Gmina Stężyca, Kartuzy County
 * Dąbrowa, Kościerzyna County, a village in Gmina Karsin
 * Dąbrowa, Malbork County, a village in Gmina Lichnowy
 * Dąbrowa, Puck County, a settlement in Gmina Krokowa
 * Dąbrowa, Starogard County, a village in Gmina Kaliska

Silesian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Częstochowa County, a village in Gmina Koniecpol
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Popów, a village in Kłobuck County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Przystajń, a village in Kłobuck County
 * Dąbrowa Górnicza, a city

Subcarpathian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Lubaczów County, a village in Gmina Lubaczów
 * Dąbrowa, Rzeszów County, a village in Gmina Świlcza
 * Dąbrowa, Stalowa Wola County, a village in Gmina Zaklików

Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Kielce County, a village in Gmina Masłów
 * Dąbrowa, Końskie County, a village in Gmina Fałków
 * Dąbrowa, Starachowice County, a village in Gmina Pawłów

Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Bartoszyce, a village in Bartoszyce County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Bisztynek, a village in Bartoszyce County
 * Dąbrowa, Braniewo County, a village in Gmina Płoskinia
 * Dąbrowa, Iława County, a village in Gmina Iława
 * Dąbrowa, Kętrzyn County, a village in Gmina Kętrzyn
 * Dąbrowa, Ostróda County, a village in Gmina Dąbrówno
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Dźwierzuty, a village in Szczytno County
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Wielbark, a village in Szczytno County

West Pomeranian Voivodeship

 * Dąbrowa, Kamień County, a village in Gmina Świerzno
 * Dąbrowa, Koszalin County, a village in Gmina Sianów
 * Dąbrowa, Gmina Myślibórz, a village in Gmina Myślibórz, Myślibórz County
 * Dąbrowa (Rościn), a settlement in Gmina Myślibórz, Myślibórz County
 * Dąbrowa, Szczecinek County, a village in Gmina Szczecinek

Other areas

 * Dąbrowa Basin or Zagłębie Dąbrowskie, a geographical and historical region in southern Poland

Places in the Czech Republic

 * Dąbrowa (Polish name for Doubrava), a village in Karviná District

title: Dąbrowa


text:
Grodzisk

Grodzisk may refer to any of the following places:

 * Grodzisk, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Mińsk County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Siedlce County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Sokołów County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Grodzisk, Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grodzisk


text:
Mińsk

Mińsk may refer to:

 * Minsk, capital city of Belarus, known in Polish as Mińsk, formerly also as Mińsk Litewski or Mińsk Białoruski
 * Mińsk Mazowiecki, a town in eastern Poland

title: Mińsk


text:
Nowy Dwór

Nowy Dwór (Polish for "new manor") may refer to:

 * Nowy Dwór Gdański, in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Oleśnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Oława County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Polkowice County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Trzebnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Ząbkowice Śląskie County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Brodnica County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Gmina Dąbrowa Chełmińska in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Gmina Koronowo in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Golub-Dobrzyń County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Grudziądz County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Inowrocław County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Radziejów County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Sępólno County in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Biała Podlaska County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Sokółka County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Suwałki County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Lublin County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Chodzież County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Kościan County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Nowy Tomyśl County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Piła County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Złotów County in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Lubliniec County in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Wodzisław County in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Międzyrzecz County in Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Żagań County in Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Głubczyce County in Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Namysłów County in Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Chojnice County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Gmina Somonino in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Gmina Sulęczyno in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Kwidzyn County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Starogard County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Gmina Łęczyce in Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Działdowo County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Elbląg County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Lidzbark County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Ostróda County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Szczytno County in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Nowy Dwór, Wrocław in Wrocław (south-west Poland)

title: Nowy Dwór


text:
Radzyń

Radzyń may refer to :

 * Radzyń Chełmiński, a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship, Poland
 * Radzyń Podlaski, a town in the Lublin Voivodship, Poland
 * Radzyń, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
 * Radzyń, Lubusz Voivodeship, a village in western Poland
 * Lords of Radzyn Keep, characters in Melanie Rawn's fantasy novels of the Dragon Prince series including Chay, Tobin, Maarken, etc.

title: Radzyń


text:
Sokołów

Sokołów may refer to the following places in Poland:

 * Sokołów, district of the city of Łódź
 * Sokołów Podlaski, seat of Sokołów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Sokołów County, in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Sokołów Małopolski, town in Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
 * Sokołów, Skierniewice County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Sokołów, Gmina Goszczanów in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Sokołów, Gmina Sieradz in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Sokołów, Gostynin County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Sokołów, Pruszków County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
 * Sokołów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
 * Sokołów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

title: Sokołów


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Liquid (Church)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 01:59, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Liquid (Church)
Is nothing more than a stub, and even if it weren't, it still wouldn't warrant inclusion in an encyclopedia. Essjay ·  Talk 13:04, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Not notable, no more than a stub. -- Essjay ·  Talk 13:04, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.. Gamaliel 15:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Austin Chinese Church. --Idont Havaname 23:13, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable ministry. JamesBurns 08:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Strzelce

Strzelce may refer to the following places in Poland:
 * Strzelce Opolskie, a town in Opole Voivodeship, south-west Poland, seat of Strzelce County
 * Strzelce Krajeńskie, a town in Lubusz Voivodeship, west Poland, seat of Strzelce-Drezdenko County
 * Strzelce, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Strzelce, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Strzelce, Kutno County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Strzelce, Opoczno County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Strzelce, Oleśnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Strzelce, Świdnica County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Strzelce, Chełm County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 * Strzelce Landscape Park, a protected area in Lublin Voivodeship
 * Strzelce, Puławy County in Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)
 * Strzelce, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Strzelce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
 * Strzelce, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)

title: Strzelce


text:
Tomaszów

Tomaszów may refer to the following places in Poland:

 * Tomaszów Bolesławiecki, village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Lublin Voivodeship, village in Puławy County
 * Tomaszów Lubelski County, county in Lublin Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów Lubelski, town and county seat
 * Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, county in Łódź Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów Mazowiecki, town and county seat
 * Tomaszów, Opoczno County, village in Łódź Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Radomsko County, settlement in Łódź Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Gmina Opatów, village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Gmina Tarłów, village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Pińczów County, village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Radom County, village in Masovian Voivodeship
 * Tomaszów, Szydłowiec County, village in Masovian Voivodeship

title: Tomaszów


text:
Sokolow

As a surname, Sokolow may refer to:
 * Nahum Sokolow (1859-1936), Jewish Hebrew language writer and Zionist leader
 * Americans:
 * Anna Sokolow (1910 – 2000), dancer and choreographer
 * Tobi Sokolow (born 1942), bridge player
 * Fred Sokolow (born 1945), string musician
 * Alec Sokolow (born 1963), screenwriter
 * Deb Sokolow (born 1974), artist
 * Julie Sokolow (born 1987), film director, musician, and writer

title: Sokolow


text:
Caimito

Caimito may refer to:

 * Caimito or Chrysophyllum cainito, a tropical fruit also known as star apple
 * Caimito, Sucre, a town in Colombia
 * Caimito, Cuba, a town in Artemisa Province (before 2011 in Havana Province)
 * Caimito, Panama
 * Caimito, San Juan, Puerto Rico, a barrio
 * Caimito, Juncos, Puerto Rico, a barrio
 * Caimito, Yauco, Puerto Rico, a barrio

title: Caimito


text:
Talk:Silpa Bhirasri

Untitled
I doubt that "Silpakorn University is named after him", as Silpa (Thai: ศิลป์, pronounced Sinlapa) itself means "any manual art or craft, any artistic, decorative, or ornamental work", so Silpakorn University is just "Art University". Is there somebody to verify this? -- Heinrich Damm (Hdamm at de.wikipedia.org) 217.250.177.14 13:06, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't find any reference to that now. I probably mis-read something earlier as it looks like the university changed its name before he changed his. I'll change it a little bit. BTW, his name is pronounced 'Sin', but the university is pronounced 'Silpakorn'. I don't think you can pronounce a final 'L' as an 'N' and pronounce the 'L' too.   — KayEss | talk 14:25, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes. See the Silpakorn-pages:
 * "Professor Silpa Bhirasri developed for this early stage stage a programme in painting and sculpture. ... he created textbooks for use as instructional manuals at the art school "Praneet Silpakorn School" set up by the Fine Arts Department."
 * And:
 * "In 1937 the school changed its name to, "Silpakorn School of Fine Arts". ...  Field Marshal P.Pibulsongkram, then PrimeMinister, recognized the importance of art as a crucial branch of national culture. He thus orderd the Fine Arts Department Director General, Phraya Anumanrajadhon, to review the school’s syllabus, and by royal statute transformed it into "Silpakorn University" on the 5 October 1943."
 * And on Rama9:
 * "1944: Became Thai citizen and changed his name to Silpa Bhirasri."
 * Well, it seems it was just a misunderstanding on your side. BTW, I translated your article: de:Silpa Bhirasri. Did you know, he also designed Democracy Monument in BKK? -- hdamm 10:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation and transliteration
His first name ศิลป์ should be pronounced Sin  as the final letter is marked as silent by –์ maikaran ไม้การันต์ (which itself has its final letter sound canceled.) That makes the preceding ล  be pronounced as a final "liquid" consonant, of which thai script has four and all of which are pronounced /-n/ when final. If, however, the word is used as a prefix, it become ศิลปา the /l/ may do double-duty in two syllables, becoming sinlapah, but more likely si-la-pa.I'd expect to either pronunciation  for the name of the university, with the former being considered more formal.. (The /r/ in Silpakorn is an "Harvard R" indicating the associated vowel sound is /ah/ The Harvard R".) The last syllable in his last name ศรี is pronounced Si. The one preceding it ระ ra means to strike; hit; to scrape, as befitting a sculptor. The first syllable พี is the Thai pronunciation of the English letter, P, or, as an adjective, fat, but is just a tone away from meaning someone ranked as elder sibling. I'd like to get this straight, as his name also figures in the nme of the Fine Arts Department of Thailand, which is also responsibile for most, if not all, Category:Archaeological sites in Thailand. --Pawyilee (talk) 15:01, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I've noted the pronunciation in the article. The name would be Sin Phirasi in RTGS. The word ศิลป์ is of Sanskrit origin and literally means art, so naturally the name of the Fine Arts Department and Silpakorn University, ศิลปากร, is derived from it. ศิลปากร is pronounced, RTGS Sinlapakon. Note the absence of [์] (which itself is properly known as mai thanthakhat, ทัณฑฆาต. Karan specifically refers to the silenced consonant itself.) The Sanskrit root dictates that the word be pronounced with samas, an implied ะ after ป. --Paul_012 (talk) 07:42, 29 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Please fix karan (two places) at Thai script. A note about single ล being pronounced /-n] in one syllable and /l/ in the next might be helpful. --Pawyilee (talk) 15:13, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Silpa Bhirasri


text:
User:Ticej mora

the most intriuge teenager there is................all about science on the court

title: User:Ticej mora


text:
User:Kajikawaura Hiroo

鰍和浦　博夫（かじかわうら　ひろお）と申します. I'm Hirō Kajikawaura（鰍和浦　博夫）.

title: User:Kajikawaura Hiroo


text:
Chris Phoenix (nanotechnologist)

Chris Phoenix (born December 25, 1970) is the co-founder (with Mike Treder) and Director of Research of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN), and has worked in the field of advanced nanotechnology for over 15 years. He obtained his BS in Symbolic Systems and MS in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1991. Since 2000, he has studied and written about molecular manufacturing. Phoenix, who lives in northern California, is a published author in nanotechnology and nanomedical research best known for his peer-reviewed paper, "Design of a Primitive Nanofactory", as well as his comprehensive outline of Thirty Essential Nanotechnology Studies. Phoenix has authored or co-authored many papers and essays published by the Society in connection with his work for CRN.

Phoenix also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Nanorex, Inc.

title: Chris Phoenix (nanotechnologist)


text:
Talk:Mille-feuille

External links modified
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In french and in spanish sheets and leaves are called the same, but in the case of the pastry the correct english translation is sheet not leaf. "Hoja" can be a leaf from a tree or a sheet of paper. In the case of the pastry, because it's made of many thin layers (thin as sheets) it's named mil (thousand) hojas (sheets). Thousand leaves simply doesn't make sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.214.250.173 (talk) 05:13, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Hello, took the liberty of making the above correction, the name is thousand sheets

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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Countries not grouped correctly (wrong regions)
Hello, I did not check the whole thing diligently, but Slovakia definitely does NOT belong with Balkans Countries - we are located south of Poland, north of Hungary (which itself lies north of Balkans). Pool us with Czechia or with Hungary - that makes both cultural and geographical sense, please. 2A01:C846:1A03:400:3DD2:408B:CCF0:9A58 (talk) 17:58, 3 January 2023 (UTC)

Snow puffies
-- the problem with the Snow puffies entry is not that you don't have sources. You have added plenty of sources, and all of them confirm that this is a specialty of one particular bakery, not something that's considered part of Hawaiian cuisine in general. And surely you are joking in calling this minor variant of a French pastry an "indigenous peoples' dish". --Macrakis (talk) 15:00, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

 * If someone in Hawaii was trying to figure out what a snow puffy actually was, which are more popular than you think otherwise there wouldn't be articles about it, they wouldn't know. The very definition of custard sandwich between puff pastry and dusted with sugar isn't enough?! It's like saying the malasadas aren't Hawaiian either, although it's associated with one bakery. There are many other countries listed that a claim the pastry without citation. Are they "popular" or even known? And how are King's Arthur and Martha Stewart recipes for the US counts as a source?! You've got to be kidding me. Chedlund808 (talk) 18:31, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The irony of the "indigenous people' dish"... They are the words used by another user who decided to reverse a merger that I thought was appropriate. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple_sweet_potato_haupia_pie&action=history Chedlund808 (talk) 21:23, 17 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I see no evidence that they are widely popular in Hawaii in general. I just see evidence that there is one bakery that has a funny name for a minor variant of mille-feuille, which is not encyclopedic information. This is quite different from the situation with malasadas, where one of the books about Hawaiian cuisine (Laudan) has a whole chapter about them. I see that the Lonely Planet Honolulu mentions Snow Puffies, but again referring to the same bakery. It sounds to me like you're not very familiar with Wikipedia conventions around what counts as encyclopedic and what doesn't -- simply providing a definition for something for the convenience of travelers to Waialua isn't enough -- people can use Google or whatever for that. --Macrakis (talk) 16:22, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Again, if you're going to apply this encyclopedic standard, you should delete these other countries mentioned. There's no proof of their supposed popularity or existence. My contribution is for those who had a snow puffy from this isolated bakery who now make this mille-feuille variant in their homes, which is popularly done and not as some sort of novelty. I thought Wikipedia would be more open. If I wanted something a bit more rigid like your thinking, I'd go to Britannica. This sort of gatekeeping is what keeps people ignorant. Chedlund808 (talk) 17:42, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I certainly agree that many of the "national" sections are problematic. But all of them seem to be talking about widely-known variants, even if they are not well-sourced.
 * But for now, the Hawaii section is particularly egregious, and reads more like a promotion of a particular bakery than encyclopedic content.
 * I think it would in fact make more sense to talk about the variants in one place, not divided by country. Maybe I'll do that one of these days.
 * And the parts that just talk about variant names should either be deleted (WP is not a multilingual dictionary) or summarized in one paragraph.
 * As for WP's general notion of encyclopedic content, that's a more general discussion which you should have on our policy pages. In particular, see Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. --Macrakis (talk) 19:33, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for removing that section. However, keep in mind that we try to be civil around here, an the edit comment "Removing snow puffies because of a user with no good-faith" can be inteterpreted as a personal attack. --Macrakis (talk) 19:40, 18 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mille-feuille


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List of Republic of Singapore Air Force squadrons

This is a list of Republic of Singapore Air Force squadrons.

Squadrons by alphabetical order

 * 101 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 102 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 103 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 111 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 112 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 116 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 119 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 120 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 121 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 122 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 123 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 124 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 126 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 128 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 130 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 131 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 140 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 141 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 143 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 144 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 145 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 149 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 150 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 160 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 163 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 165 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 200 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 201 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 202 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 203 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 505 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 506 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 507 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 508 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 605 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 606 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 607 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 608 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 705 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 706 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 707 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 708 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 805 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 806 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 807 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 808 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 809 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 815 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 816 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 817 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 819 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * RSAF Black Knights

Changi Air Base

 * 112 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 121 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 145 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 208 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 508 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 608 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 708 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 808 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force

Paya Lebar Air Base

 * 122 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 142 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force (disbanded in 2005 at TAB and reestablished in 2016 at PLAB)
 * 149 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 207 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 507 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 607 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 707 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 807 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 817 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force

Sembawang Air Base

 * 1 Medical Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 120 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 123 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 124 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 126 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 206 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 506 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 606 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 706 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 806 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 816 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force

Tengah Air Base

 * 111 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 116 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 119 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 140 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 143 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 205 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 505 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 605 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 705 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 805 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 815 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * RSAF Black Knights

Overseas detachments

 * 130 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 150 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * Peace Carvin II detachment
 * Peace Carvin V detachment
 * Peace Vanguard detachment
 * Oakey detachment

Air Support/Air Defence

 * 128 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 160 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 163 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 165 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 200 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 201 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 202 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 203 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 3rd Divisional Air Defence Artillery Battalion, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 6th Divisional Air Defence Artillery Battalion, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 9th Divisional Air Defence Artillery Battalion, Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * 18th Divisional Air Defence Artillery Battalion, Republic of Singapore Air Force


text:
Wikipedia talk:Illustrating a point

I think insulting people to demonstrate how unproductive it is to insult people is unproductive. Even if it doesn't backfire, you're assuming a person who has no problem being uncivil will have the inclination to do analogies. But analogies ("do not do unto others...") are usually the last thing on the minds of people who think they are "entitled to their opinion". Worst-case scenario: they see what you're doing and reply with a snarky "you're entitled to your opinion". Good luck going from there.

I prefer vigorous distraction: whenever the personal attacks start, bring up the thing that's actually under discussion and force people to talk about what's really bothering them. NameTheConflict. And remind them at every step of the way that no matter how much of a retard they think the other side is, calling them that isn't going to make it all go away. JRM · Talk 13:11, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Specifically, I'd say that engaging in personal attacks to demonstrate how unproductive it is to engage in personal attacks is a perfect example of WP:POINT. You'd be doing exactly what that guideline tells you not to do: breaking the rules in order to make a point. Telling people to do it here appears to be the exact opposite of what we're telling them on POINT. Anyway, whether or not you'd be breaking POINT, you'd still be breaking WP:NPA, so I can't see how we can recommend it as a course of action. — Asbestos | Talk  16:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Examples
I'm not quite sure I get the latter two examples on the page. The first, the original example, is that of using the preview function. But how does using it illustrate a point? If users are supposed to look at your edit history, see that all your edits are perfect first time, conclude that you always use the preview function, and then vow to use the edit function from then on, I guess something has been achieved, but it sounds like a rather unlikely and round-about route. I really don't think my using the preview function encourages anyone else to do the same. The Mother Goose is also not clear. How is it supposed to be used to illustrate a point? I guess we could have a link to the diffs of some pages in one of the Wikipedia introductory pages, explaining how articles get created, but I'm not sure what users would learn.

I'm sure that there are plenty of examples that would illustrate a "lead by example" philosophy (if that's what you're aiming for), such as removing one's own personal attacks instead of just asking other to remove theirs, but the current examples seem a little incoherent. — Asbestos | Talk  16:32, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Illustrating a point


text:
Chungnyeol of Goryeo

King Chungnyeol of Goryeo (3 April 1236 – 30 July 1308), personal name Wang Kŏ, was the 25th king of Korea's Goryeo dynasty from 1274 to 1308. He was the son of Wonjong, his predecessor on the throne. Chungnyeol was king during the Mongol Invasions of Japan, reluctantly aiding in the offensives.

Biography
King Chungnyeol was the first Goryeo ruler to be remembered by the title wang (王), meaning "king". Previous rulers had received temple names with the suffix jo (祖) or jong (宗), meaning "revered ancestor" and a title typically reserved for emperors. After Goryeo became a vassal of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, the Yuan emperor Kublai Khan perceived this practice as lowering his own power and ordered that the Goryeo rulers could not receive such names henceforth.

King Chungnyeol, who became the Crown Prince Sim(諶) in 1260, proposed to marry a daughter of Kublai Khan in 1271, which Kublai Khan agreed. Since then, for more than 80 years, Goryeo kings married members of Mongol royalty. Heirs to the throne were given Mongol names and were sent to Dadu where they were raised until they reached adulthood.

The Khan's son-in-law
After Wonjong's death in 1274, Wang Kŏ (Chungnyeol) rose to power as the 25th King of Goryeo. He was the first Goryeo king with the degraded title forced upon by the Mongols according to Goryeo's submission to vassal status after its 28 years of fierce resistance against the Mongol Empire. As King Chungnyeol became the son-in-law of Kublai Khan and Goryeo the vassal of the Yuan Dynasty, political interference by Yuan Dynasty furthered on towards Goryeo court. Despite these conditions, King Chungnyeol endeavored to maintain national independence and strengthen autonomy guaranteed by Kublai. One of his achievements was having territories like Dongnyeong and Tamra Prefectures lost during the war against the Mongols returned through negotiations. Also, he made it clear to the Yuan Dynasty of which Goryeo will be exercising the rights to keep its traditions and customs in accordance to the promises made twenty years ago by Kublai himself to Wonjong after submission. King Chungnyeol visited the Yuan Dynasty again in 1278, to have the Mongols withdraw its darughachis and troops stationed in Goryeo on the pretext of Kublai's promise 20 years ago. Troops or officials from the Yuan Dynasty were no longer stationed in Goryeo in the aftermath. These rights and requests enabled were partially attributed to the fact that Korean kings were the Khans' son-in-law with Mongolian princesses as their queens. The Korean kings during times of Yuan influence also had the authority to attend the Kuriltai of the Mongol Empire as titled rulers of Korea and Shenyang. Even revered darugachis from the Yuan Dynasty could not act carelessly in front of Goryeo kings having to bow in front of them and receive a drink to pay their respects.

King Chungnyeol during his reign made attempts to make reforms by reestablishing monitoring institutions such as the Censorate of Household and Land Inspection that focused on confiscating illegal properties under corrupt nobles whilst at the same time promoting the development of Confucian studies inside the nation. He also made various efforts to attempt to maintain the independence of Goryeo from Mongol domination. Confucian temples, known as in Korean as munmyo, that paid homage to Confucius were built in Korea under his reign. Confucian educational centers such as the Sunkyungam, the predecessor of Sungkyunkwan, were also founded with scholarship foundations proposed by the renowned Confucian scholar An Hyang.

Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274–1281)
When Kublai Khan decided to execute the plan of invading the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan after having their emissaries deliberately ignored or killed by the Japanese, the role of constructing the enormous fleets (along with sending troops) for transport were befallen upon the Koreans of Goryeo. It was a huge expense, but Chungnyeol nor the Goryeo government could oppose the Khan's 'subsequent request which was rather enforced albeit their opposition. Goryeo eventually suffered great economically due to preparations for the expedition to Japan, and the livelihoods of the people were devastated by the requisition of war supplies. Horse farms set up to raise war horses for the expedition amounted in Jeju Island during these times. It was King Chungnyeol that selected the famed Kim Pang-gyŏng, a descendant of both Goryeo and Silla royalty, that stood out in the campaign as one of the few competent generals of the Mongol-led expedition, minimizing Korean losses and inflicted significant damage on the Japanese defenders.

Kadaan's Invasion of Korea (1290–1291)
In 1290, Kadaan, a former Mongolian general and rebel of the Yuan Dynasty stationed in Manchuria, invaded Goryeo after his defeat against the Yuan forces led by Naimandai. Despite dire situations regarding Kadaan's rebels advancing further into Goryeo territory and the local troops' inability to fend the invaders due to Yuan's forceful disarmament, Chungryeol was said to spoil himself and his followers with extravagant royal banquets; maintaining an indifferent stance towards the invasion. King Chungnyeol, who neglected the situation and wasted national treasury consistently with an irresponsible demeanor, was even criticized by the Mongolian general Naimandai who came to assist the Korean forces fighting Kadaan's rebels. Korean defenses proved effective later on upon achieving decisive victories at Chi'ak Fortress (치악성; 雉岳城, Modern-day Wonju) and Yeongi (연기; 燕岐, Modern-day Sejong City), later strengthened by the assistance of the ten-thousand Yuan troops led by Naimandai. Nonetheless, many Korean locals were killed by the Kadaan-led rebels who were scavenging for food and supplies as a result.

Deprived of Power
After royal authority was strengthened by utilizing the powers of close aides, Chungnyeong continued to spoil himself by enjoying feasts and falconry. Then, with the returning of Crown Prince (King Chungseon) and Princess Gyeguk from Mongolia in 1297, he expressed his intention to cede the throne to his son Chang (King Chungseon) in 1298 and eventually stepped down. However, political strife stemming from opposition towards Chungseon's reform policy and the royal family's adulterous affairs led to political factions plotting between each other. He was eventually reinstated after eight months. In 1306, King Chungnyeol plotted against his son, the Crown Prince, with aims of preventing his reinstatement by having them divorced since Goryeo kings at the time could only rise to power under the condition of marrying a Mongolian Princess. However, the Crown Prince's quick response to the king's plot along with the abscession of Külüg Khan, the brother of the Prince's wife, neutralized such attempts made by Chungnyeong. The Crown Prince was eventually crowned in 1307 as King Chungseon, with Chungnyeol having been detained at a temple in Dadu. He eventually returned to Goryeo with all political power deprived.

Death
After a crushing defeat in the political dispute with his own son and returning to Goryeo, King Chungnyeol lost his will to politics and died at the age of 73 in Shinhyo Temple in July 1308, spending his final days hunting and drinking. He was said to have deep regrets regarding how the nation was left devastated and the political dispute causing discord between family members of the Royal House.

Family

 * Father: Wonjong of Goryeo
 * Grandfather: Gojong of Goryeo
 * Grandmother: Queen Anhye
 * Mother: Queen Jeongsun
 * Grandfather: Kim Yak-sŏn
 * Grandmother: Lady Ch'oe of the Ubong Ch'oe clan
 * Consorts and their Respective issue(s):
 * 1) Queen Jangmok of the Yuan Borjigin clan (1251–1297)
 * 2) Crown Prince Wang Wŏn
 * 3) Unnamed daughter (b. 1277)
 * 4) Unnamed son (b. 1278)
 * 5) Princess Jeonghwa of the Kaesong Wang clan (d. 1319); third cousin once removed.
 * 6) Wang Cha, Duke Gangyang
 * 7) Lady Jeongnyeong (정녕원비/궁주)
 * 8) Lady Myeongsun
 * 9) Primary Consort Sukchang of the Eonyang Kim clan – No issue.
 * 10) Ban-Ju
 * 11) Prince Wang Sŏ
 * 12) Royal Consort Mu of the Taein Si clan (무비 시씨; d. 1297) – No issue.
 * 13) Concubine Kim – No issue.

In popular culture

 * Portrayed by Jin Won in the 2012 MBC TV series God of War.
 * Portrayed by Jeong Bo-seok in the 2017 MBC TV series The King in Love.

title: Chungnyeol of Goryeo


text:
List of bird species described in the 2000s

This page details the bird species described as new to science in the years 2000 to 2010:

Countries with high numbers of newly described species

 * Brazil
 * Colombia
 * Peru
 * Indonesia

2000

 * Foothill elaenia, Myiopagis olallai
 * Coopmans, P. & Krabbe, N. (2000) A new species of flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Myiopagis) from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru Wilson Bulletin 112: 305–312

 * Caatinga antwren, Herpsilochmus sellowi
 * Whitney, B.M.; Pacheco, J.F.; Buzzetti, D.R.C. & Parrini, R. (2000) Systematic revision and biogeography of the Herpsilochmus pileatus complex, with description of a new species from northeastern Brazil Auk 117: 869–891

 * Taiwan bush-warbler, Bradypterus alishanensis
 * Rasmussen, P.C.; Round, P.D.; Dickinson, E.C. & Rozendaal, F.G. (2000) A new bush-warbler (Sylviidae, Bradypterus) from Taiwan The Auk 117: 279–289

 * Scarlet-banded barbet or Wallace's scarlet-banded barbet, Capito wallacei
 * O'Neill, Lane, Kratter, Capparella & Fox Joo, 2000.

 * Gunnison sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus
 * Young, Braun, Oyler-McCance, Hupp & Quinn, 2000.

Newly split species:
 * Gray-crested cacholote, Pseudoseisura unirufa, formerly included in the Caatinga cacholote
 * Zimmer, Kevin J. & Whittaker, Andrew (2000): The Rufous Cacholote (Furnariidae: Pseudoseisura) is two species. Condor 102(2): 409–422. PDF fulltext

2001

 * Bukidnon woodcock Scolopax bukidnonensis, from Mindanao and Luzon, Philippines.
 * Kennedy, Robert S.; Fisher, Timothy H.; Harrap, Simon C.B.; Diesmos, Arvin C: & Manamtam, Arturo S. (2001): A new species of woodcock from the Philippines and a re-evaluation of other Asian/Papuasian woodcock Forktail 17(1): 1–12. PDF fulltext

 * Mekong wagtail Motacilla samveasnae.
 * Duckworth, J.W.; Alström, P.; Davidson, P.; Evans, T.D.; Poole, C.M.; Tan, S. & Timmins, R.J. (2001) A new species of wagtail from the lower Mekong basin Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 121: 152–182

 * Chestnut-eared laughingthrush Garrulax konkakinhensis.
 * Eames, JC & Eames, C, 2001.

 * Chestnut-capped piha Lipaugus weberi.
 * Cuervo, Andres, Salaman, P., Donegan, T.M. & Ochoa, J.M. 2001. A new species of piha (Cotingidae: Lipaugus) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia. Ibis 143: 353–368.

 * Chapada flycatcher Suiriri islerorum, from the cerrado region of Brazil and adjacent eastern Bolivia.
 * Zimmer, K.J.; Whittaker, A. & Oren, D.C. (2001): A cryptic new species of flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Suiriri) from the cerrado region of central South America Auk 118: 56–78

 * Mishana tyrannulet Zimmerius villarejoi, from Amazonian 'white sand forests' in northern Peru.
 * Alonso, J.A. & Whitney, B.M. (2001) A new Zimmerius tyrannulet (Aves: Tyrannidae) from white sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru Wilson Bulletin 113: 1–9

 * Lulu's tody-tyrant Poecilotriccus luluae, from the north-eastern Andes in Peru.
 * Johnson, N.K. & Jones, R.E. (2001) A new species of tody-tyrant (Tyrannidae: Poecilotriccus) from northern Peru Auk 118: 334–341.

 * Vanuatu petrel Poecilotriccus luluae
 * Imber, M.J.; Tennyson, A.J.D. (2001). A new petrel species (Procellariidae) from the south-west Pacific. Emu. 101 (2): 123–127. DOI: 10.1071/MU00067

2002

 * Bald parrot, Pionopsitta aurantiocephala, from Brazil.
 * Gaban-Lima, Renato; Raposo, Marcos A. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2002): Description of a New Species of Pionopsitta (Aves: Psittacidae) Endemic to Brazil. Auk 119(3): 815–819. DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0815:DOANSO]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltext

 * Cryptic forest falcon, Micrastur mintoni, from Brazil. Whittaker 2003 WilsonBull.(2002) 114 p. 421,422, front. Note:  This falcon was first reported in 2002; the name was not issued until the following year.
 * Kimberley pipit Anthus pseudosimilis, Liversidge & Voelker 2002 BBOC 122 p. 93 (Motacillidae)
 * Little Sumba boobook, Ninox sumbaensis, from Indonesia.
 * Olsen, Jerry; Wink, Michael; Sauer-Gürth, Hedi & Trost, Susan (2002): A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia. Emu 102: 223–231. PDF fulltext

 * Madeira parakeet, Pyrrhura snethlageae, from the drainage of the Rio Madeira in Bolivia and Brazil, the scientific name of which honours Emilia Snethlage, who first recognized the distinctiveness of this form in 1914. It and the following are both part of the Pyrrhura picta complex.

 * Carajas woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes carajaensis. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club.

Newly split species
 * Lafresnaye's woodcreeper, Xiphorhynchus guttatoides, formerly included in the buff-throated woodcreeper.
 * Elegant woodcreeper, X. elegans, formerly included in Spix's woodcreeper.
 * Tschudi's woodcreeper, X. chunchotambo, formerly included in the ocellated woodcreeper.
 * Reference for the Xiphorhynchus splits: Aleixo, Alexandre (2002): Molecular Systematics and the Role of the "Várzea"-"Terra-Firme" Ecotone in the Diversification of Xiphorhynchus Woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). Auk 119(3): 621–640. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0621:MSATRO]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

2003
(see above) Micrastur mintoni, first described in 2003.

 * The Pernambuco pygmy owl Glaucidium mooreorum a Critically endangered species of Pygmy owl
 * The Carrizal seedeater, Amaurospiza carrizalensis, from Venezuela.
 * The Munchique wood-wren, Henicorhina negreti, is a member of the wren family (Troglodytidae). The bird is found on the Munchique Massif in the western Andes in the Chocó Endemic Bird Area, Colombia. The species' scientific name honours Alvaro José Negret, a Colombian conservationist. This is the first species to have been described as new to science on a website rather than in a traditional print-only journal (http://www.ornitologiacolombiana.org).
 * Reference: Salaman, Paul, Paul Coopmans, Thomas M. Donegan, Mark Mulligan, Alex Cortés, Steven L. Hilty and Luis Alfonso Ortega (2003) A new species of wood-wren (Troglodytidae: Henicorhina) from the western Andes of Colombia Ornitologia Colombiana Vol. 1 pp.4–21

 * The Okarito brown kiwi, Apteryx rowi, (also known as the Rowi) is a member of the kiwi family (Apterygidae). The species is part of the brown kiwi complex, and is morphologically very similar to other members of that complex. It is found in a restricted area of the Okarito forest on the west coast of New Zealand's South Island, and has a population of only 200 birds.
 * Reference:

 * Xenoperdix udzungwensis obscurata Fjeldsa & Kiure 2003 BBOC 123 p. 53. This was originally described as a subspecies.  Its status as a species separate from X. udzungwensis was recognized 2005:  Journal of East African Natural History Article: pp. 191–201, "GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR TWO SPECIES IN THE UDZUNGWA FOREST PARTRIDGE XENOPERDIX UDZUNGWENSIS". Rauri C.K. Bowiea, Jon Fjeldsa.

2004

 * The Serendib scops-owl, Otus thilohoffmanni, is a small, rufous owl (Strigidae) found in lowland rainforests in Sri Lanka. The new species was discovered in February 1995, when Deepal Warakagoda heard unfamiliar owl-like vocalisations, although it was not until January 2001, when Warakagoda saw the bird, that his suspicions were confirmed; other observers had suggested that an arboreal amphibian may have been the source of the noises. The name "Serendib" is an old name for Sri Lanka; the species' scientific name, however, honours conservationist Thilo W. Hoffmann.
 * Warakagoda, D.H. & Rasmussen, P.C. (2004) A new species of scops-owl from Sri Lanka Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club Vol. 124 pp. 85–105

 * The Togian hawk-owl, Ninox burhani, is an owl (Strigidae). The bird is known only from three islands in the Togian group, an archipelago in the Gulf of Tomini off the coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The new species was discovered on 25 December 1999. The species' scientific name honours a local conservationist called Burhan.
 * Indrawan, M. & Somadikarta, S. (2004) A new hawk-owl from the Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, central Sulawesi, Indonesia Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124:160–171

 * The Rubeho akalat, Sheppardia aurantiithorax, is a member of the Old World flycatcher family (Muscicapiidae), known from the Eastern Arc of Tanzania. Akalats trapped in 1989 here were assumed to be an isolated population of Iringa akalat which occurs c. 150 km to the south, but further specimens collected in 2000 led to the description of the bird as a new species. The bird's English name relates to its type locality; the scientific name to the ochraceous colour on its throat and upper breast. The species is thought to be fairly common in montane forests within its small range.
 * Beresford, P.; Fjeldså, J. & Kiure, J. (2004) A new species of akalat (Sheppardia narrowly endemic in the Eastern Arc of Tanzania) Auk 121:23–24

 * Acre antshrike, Thamnophilus divisorus, from Brazil
 * Whitney, Bret M.; Oren, David C. & Brumfield, Robb T. (2004): A new species of Thamnophilus Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) from the Serra do Divisor, Acre, Brazil. Auk 121(4): 1031–1039. DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[1031:ANSOTA]2.0.CO;2 HTML fulltext without images

 * The Calayan rail, Gallirallus calayanensis, is a member of the rail family (Rallidae) found only on Calayan Island, one of the Babuyan Islands in the Philippines. It was discovered in 2004 as part of a faunal survey of the Babuyan islands. It is found in limestone forests on the island.
 * Allen, Desmond; Oliveros, Carl; Espaňola, Carmela; Broad, Genevieve & Gonzalez, Juan Carlos T. (2004) A new species of Gallirallus from Calayan island, Philippines Forktail Vol. 20 pp. 1–7

 * Mees's nightjar, Caprimulgus meesi, is a member of the nightjar family (Caprimulgidae). It is a representative of the large-tailed nightjar complex found on Flores and Sumba, Indonesia. Previously unrecognised as a separate taxon due to its lack of morphological distinctness, Sangster and Rozendaal (2004) described this new species on the basis of its vocalisations, which differ significantly from those of the large-tailed nightjar races resident on other islands in the Lesser Sundas. The species is named after Gerlof Mees, former curator of the Natural History Museum, Leiden.
 * Sangster, G. & Rozendaal, F. (2004) Territorial songs and species-level taxonomy of nightjars of the Caprimulgus macrurus complex, with the description of a new species. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) Vol. 350 pp. 7–45 PDF

2005

 * The sulphur-breasted parakeet, Aratinga pintoi, (a member of the parrot family, Psittacidae) is found along the northern bank of the lower River Amazon in Pára state, Brazil. The species' scientific name honours Oliverio Pinto, a Brazilian ornithologist. This species was discovered as a result of a study of museum specimens of sun parakeet and related species; specimens of this species had been dismissed as immature parakeets of other species, or hybrids.
 * Silviera, L.; de Lima, F.C.T. & Höfling, E. (2005) A new species of Aratinga parakeet (Psittaciformes:Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomic remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex Auk 122:292–305

 * The Upper Magdalena tapaculo, Scytalopus rodriguezi, (a member of the tapaculo family, Rhinocryptidae) is a restricted-range endemic presently known only from two localities on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central at the head of the Magdalena valley, Colombia at 2000m or more above sea-level. Its range is believed to be no greater than 170 km2, and its population around 2,200 pairs. It is found in humid forest with dense understorey. The species' scientific name honours José Vicente Rodriguez Mahecha, a Colombian conservationist. The existence of this species was first suspected in 1986, when a tape-recording of the bird's song was made, but political instability in the region prevented a return visit until 2002–2003, when the species' existence was confirmed.
 * Krabbe, N.; Salaman, P.; Cortés, A.; Quevedo, A.; Ortega, L.A. & Cadena, C.D. (2005) A new species of tapaculo from the upper Magdalena valley, Colombia Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 125:93–108

 * Stiles's tapaculo, Scytalopus stilesi, is the second member of the tapaculo family, Rhinocryptidae, to be newly described in 2005. It has been found at 21 sites in montane forest between 1,420 and 2,130 m altitude in the northern Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes; although having a restricted range, within this limited area it is a common understorey bird. The species was originally observed in the 1990s, but when Niels Krabbe examined recordings of their songs, his suspicions arose that they were a new species – Stiles's tapaculo's song is considerably faster and lower-pitched than that of the closely related Ecuadorian tapaculo S. robbinsi. The species is named in honour of F. Gary Stiles, an ornithologist heavily involved in research on Neotropical birds during the 1980s & 1990s.
 * Cuervo, Andrés M.; Cadena, Carlos Daniel; Krabbe, Niels & Renjifo, Luis Miguel (2005): Scytalopus stilesi, a new species of tapaculo (Rhinocryptidae) from the Cordillera Central of Colombia. Auk 122(2): 445–463. [English with Spanish abstract] DOI:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0445:SSANSO]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltext

 * The Iquitos gnatcatcher, Polioptila clementsi, is a gnatcatcher (Polioptilidae) only known from the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, west of Iquitos, Peru. The species is a member of the Polioptila guianensis complex. It is named after James F. Clements.
 * Whitney, Bret M. & Alonso, José Alvarez (2005) A new species of Gnatcatcher from white-sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru, with revision of the Polioptila guianensis complex The Wilson Bulletin Vol. 117 No. 2 pp. 113–127

 * Naung Mung scimitar-babbler, Jabouilleia naungmungensis, from Myanmar
 * Rappole, John H.; Renner, Swen C.; Shwe, Nay Myo & Sweet, Paul R. (2005): A new species of scimitar-babbler (Timaliidae: Jabouilleia) from the sub-Himalayan region of Myanmar Auk 122(4): 1064–1069. [English with Spanish abstract] DOI:[10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1064:ANSOST]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

 * Planalto tapaculo, Scytalopus pachecoi: Mauricio, G. (2005): Taxonomy of southern populations in the Scytalopus speluncae group, with description of a new species and remarks on the systematics and biogeography of the complex (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae). Ararajuba 13(1): 7–28. PDF fulltext

2006

 * odedi, Cettia haddeni, is a species in the Old World warbler family, described from the Crown Prince Range on the island of Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea.
 * Reference LeCroy, M. & F.K. Barker (2006) A new species of bush-warbler from Bougainville Island and a monophyletic origin for southwest Pacific Cettia. American Museum Novitates no. 3511 Amer. Mus. Novit.

 * Camiguin hanging-parrot, Loriculus camiguinensis Reuters
 * Hocking's conure, Aratinga hockingi,
 * Arndt, T. (2006)

 * Bugun liocichla Liocichla bugunorum: Athreya, R. 2006. A new species of Liocichla (Aves: Timaliidae) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Indian Birds 2(4): 82–94

 * Yariguies brush finch Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum: Donegan, T., & Huertas, B. (2006): A new brush-finch in the Atlapetes latinuchus complex from the Yariguíes Mountains and adjacent Eastern Andes of Colombia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 126. 94-116.

2007

 * Sincorá antwren, Formicivora grantsaui (Thamnophilidae) Gonzaga, Carvalhaes & Buzzetti 2007 Zootaxa 1473 p. 25,28
 * Gorgeted puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae hummingbird, Trochilidae Cortes, A, Ortega, LA, Mazariegos-Hurtado & Weller 2007 Orn.Neotrop. 18 no.2 p. 161,162. The validity of this species was questioned briefly (see www.worldtwitch.com), but only until the strikingly plumaged female became known.
 * Rufous twistwing, Cnipodectes superrufus: Lane, D., G. P. Servat, T. Valqui H., & F. R. Lambert. 2007. A distinctive new species of Tyrant flycatcher (Passerifomer: Tyrannidae: Cnipodectes) from south-eastern Peru. Auk. 124(3): 762–772.
 * Antioquia brush-finch, Atlapetes blancae: Donegan, T.M. 2007. A new species of brush finch (Emberizidae: Atlapetes) from the northern Central Andes of Colombia . Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 127(4): 255–268
 * Diamantina tapaculo, Scytalopus diamantinensis: Bornschein, M. R., G. N. Maurício, R. Belmonte-Lopes, H. Mata & S. L. Bonatto. 2007. Diamantina tapaculo, a new Scytalopus endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, northeastern Brazil (Passeriformes: Rhinocryptidae). Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 15(2):151–174.
 * Grey-crowned tyrannulet, Serpophaga griseicapilla: Straneck, R. 2007. Una nueva especie de Serpophaga (Aves Tyrannidae). Revista FAVE – Ciencias Veterinarias 6 (1–2): 31–42.
 * Solomon Islands frogmouth, Rigidipenna inexpectata – split from marbled frogmouth
 * Reference Cleere et al., (2007) A new genus of frogmouth (Podargidae) from the Solomon Islands – results from a taxonomic review of Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus Hartert 1901 Ibis 149 (2), 271–286.

2008

 * Nonggang babbler, Stachyris nonggangensis: Zhou Fang & Jiang Aiwu (2008). A new species of babbler (Timaliidae: Stachyris) from the Sino-Vietnamese border region of China. Auk 125(2): 420–424.
 * Yungas tyrannulet, Phyllomyias weedeni: Herzog, Kessler & Balderrama. (2008). A new species of tyrannulet (Tyrannidae: Phyllomyias) from Andean foothills in northwest Bolivia and adjacent Peru. Auk 125(2): 265–276.
 * Olive-backed forest robin, Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus: Schmidt, Foster, Angehr, Durrant & Fleischer (2008). A new species of African Forest Robin from Gabon (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae: Stiphrornis). Zootaxa 1850: 27–42
 * Monteiro's storm-petrel, Oceanodroma monteiroi: Monteiro's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma monteiroi: a new species from the Azores by: MARK Bolton, Andrea L Smith, Elena Gomez-Diaz, Vicki L Friesen, Renata Medeiros, JOEL Bried, Jose L Roscales, Robert W Furness Ibis, Vol. 150, No. 4. (October 2008), pp. 717–727
 * Vanikoro white-eye, Zosterops gibbsi: A new species of White-eye Zosterops and notes on other birds from Vanikoro, Solomon Islands by: GUY Dutson Ibis, Vol. 150, No. 4. (October 2008), pp. 698–706.
 * Togian white-eye, Zosterops somadikartai: Mochamad Indrawan, Pamela C. Rasmussen, and Sunarto (2008) "A New White-Eye (Zosterops) from the Togian Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia" The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120(1): 1–9
 * Amazon red-fronted parakeet, Pyrrhura parvifrons: Arndt, T. (2008). Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten. Papageien 8/2008.

2009

 * Bare-faced bulbul, Pycnonotus hualon: Woxvold, I. A., J. W. Duckworth, & R. J. Timmins (2009). An unusual new bulbul (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) from the limestone karst of Lao PDR. Forktail 25: 1–12.
 * Rubeho warbler, Sceptomycter rubehoensis: Bowie, R.C.K., J. Fjeldså, & J. Kiure (2009). Multilocus molecular DNA variation in Winifred's Warbler Scepomycter winifredae suggests cryptic speciation and the existence of a threatened species in the Rubeho–Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania. Ibis 151(4): 709–719.
 * South Hills crossbill, Loxia sinesciurus:
 * Río Orinoco spinetail, Synallaxis beverlyae:
 * Black-capped woodnymph, Thalurania nigricapilla:

Described in this period, no longer considered valid species

 * Beijing flycatcher Ficedula beijingnica (Zheng et al., 2000), now considered to be the first-year male of the green-backed flycatcher Ficedula elisae.

 * Scytalopus notorius (Raposo et al., 2006), synonymous with the mouse-coloured tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae.

 * Wavy-breasted parakeet, Pyrrhura peruviana, synonymous with the Rose-fronted parakeet Pyrrhura roseifrons.


text:
Magdalena tapaculo

The Magdalena tapaculo (Scytalopus rodriguezi), also known as the Upper Magdalena tapaculo, is a member of the tapaculos, a group of Neotropical birds. It was described as new to science in 2005.

It is a restricted-range endemic presently known only from two localities on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central at the head of the Magdalena Valley, Colombia at 2000 m or more above sea-level. Its range is believed to be no greater than 170 km2, and its population around 2,200 pairs; due to its recent description, no formal evaluation of its conservation status has taken place yet, however. It is found in humid forests with dense understorey.

The species scientific name honours José Vicente Rodriguez Mahecha, a Colombian conservationist.

The existence of this species was first suspected in 1986, when a tape-recording of the bird's song was made, but political instability in the region prevented a return visit until 2002–2003, when the species' existence was confirmed.

title: Magdalena tapaculo


text:
IAR

IAR may refer to:
 * IAR Systems, an embedded system technology company
 * The Institute of Audio Research
 * The Institute of Asian Research, an institute under the Faculty of Arts in the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
 * "Ignore all rules", a policy on Wikipedia
 * Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR Braşov), an aerospace manufacturer
 * M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle, the primary service rifle/automatic rifle issued to U.S. Marine Corps infantry units
 * Institute of Advanced Research, a private university in Gujarat, India
 * Instruction address register, an alternative name for the program counter CPU register
 * International Authority for the Ruhr, an organization in control of the industry in the Ruhr area from 1949 to 1952
 * International Affairs Review, an academic journal in the field of international affairs
 * Informacyjna Agencja Radiowa, a Polish news agency

 * The IATA code for the Tunoshna Airport, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
 * .iar, Inventory ARchive file used for avatar inventory backup in OpenSimulator virtual environments
 * Investment Adviser Representative employed by a registered investment adviser, a firm that is an investment adviser in the United States
 * The Illinois Assessment of Readiness

title: IAR


text:
Charles Lloyd-Pack

Charles Lloyd-Pack (10 October 1902 – 22 December 1983) was a British film, television and stage actor.

Life and career
Lloyd-Pack was born in Wapping, East London, to working-class parents. He was seen in several horror films produced by Hammer Films, including Dracula, The Man Who Could Cheat Death, The Revenge of Frankenstein, The Terror of the Tongs and Quatermass 2, the film version of the 1955 BBC TV serial. In 1970 he appeared as Claud Nau at the Chichester Festival Theatre in Robert Bolt's play, Vivat! Vivat Regina!. His best known role was Professor Marks in the British television series Strange Report but he is also known from other television appearances in The Avengers, Man in a Suitcase, Danger Man, Randall & Hopkirk, The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Prisoner and the mini-series Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill (1974).

Personal life and death
Lloyd-Pack married Viennese Jewish refugee Ulrike Elisabeth Pulay (25 April 1921 – 8 April 2000), a travel agent and later founder of a kindergarten, in 1941 and was the father of actor Roger Lloyd-Pack and stage manager Christopher Lloyd-Pack. His grandchildren include actress Emily Lloyd.

Lloyd-Pack died aged 81, on 22 December 1983, in London.

title: Charles Lloyd-Pack


text:
Silao

Silao, officially Silao de la Victoria, is a city in the west-central part of the state of Guanajuato in Mexico. It is the seat of the municipality with the same name. As of the 2005 census, the city had a population of 66,485, making it the seventh-largest city in the state. Silao is a center of agricultural and industrial activity.

Airport
This city is served by the Del Bajío International Airport. It functions as the central airport for the cities of Irapuato, Guanajuato, León, Salamanca and San Miguel de Allende.

Toponymy
In its original Otomi language, the area was called Tsinäkua by both the Otomi and Purépecha natives. In the Otomi language its name Tsinäkua means 'place of dense fog,' as a result of the columns of water vapor rising from thermal springs in the area of Comanjilla. The name evolved to 'Sinaua', 'Silagua' and finally 'Silao' after the Spanish conquest of the region.

History
In the place where Silao now sits, there was an Otomí settlement that was conquered by the Purépecha empire. The name of the area remained Tsinäkua under Purepecha rule. The name evolved to 'Sinaua', 'Silagua' and finally 'Silao' after the region was later conquered by Spain.

Geography
Silao is located in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. It is situated 100° 25´ 59´´ longitude west of the Greenwich meridian and 20° 56' 24'' latitude north. Its altitude is 1,780 meters above sea level.

The municipality of Silao has an area of 538.5 km2, equivalent to 1.76% of the total state area. The city of Guanajuato lies to the east and north of Silao; to the south lies Irapuato; to the west is Romita; to the northwest is León.

Geology
The territory of Silao is almost planar formed in by the Bajío, between its few important elevations, one can find the 'Cerro del Cubilete' whose altitude is 2,570 meters above sea level and is considered the geographic center of the country.

Hydrography
The Silao River, crosses the major part of the municipal territory. It is fed by the Magueyes, Pascuales, Hondo, and Tigre streams, as well as the Gigante River, which is its major tributary. Within the municipality are some streams of importance, like those of the Agua Zarca, San Francisco, El Paraíso, Pabileros, and Aguas Buenas.

Climate
The climate of the city is semi-arid in the majority of the territory, with rains in the summer and an average annual temperature of 28 °C. Temperatures can rise as high as 34 °C in the month of June, and a minimum of 0 °C has been reached in the months of December and January. However, in the northeastern zone the climate varies to semi-dry with a temperature predominantly in excess of 28 °C. Precipitation varies between 600 and 800 millimeters per year.

Economy
Silao is a center of agricultural and industrial activity in the area, with a wide variety of farm crops, produce and dairy packing plants. A General Motors truck and SUV assembly plant which as of 2016 makes one third of Chevrolet and GMC Full-size Pickups. Volkswagen has an engine plant, and Pirelli makes tires.

Population
According to the results presented by the second 'Conteo de Población y Vivienda' (census) of 2005, the municipality counts a total of 147,123 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
The indigenous population of Silao is limited to 203 inhabitants that represent 0.15% of the total municipal population. The principal native languages are Mazahua and Nahuatl.

According to the second 'Conteo de Población y Vivienda' (Census) of 2005, there are a total of 187 persons who speak some indigenous language.

The municipality has a density of 250 persons per square kilometer and an average population increase of 1.6%.

Religion
95.8% of the population of Silao (as of 2000) are Roman Catholic. Approximately 1.8% are Protestants and Evangelicals, and 1.4% are other religions. The last 1% either stated they don't have a religion or it wasn't specified.

Historic Monuments

 * Parroquia de Santiago Apóstol, construction was started in the end of the 17th century and ended in the year 1728. Its style is neo-classical.
 * Templo del Santuario, constructed at the end of the 17th century.
 * Templo de la Casa de Ejercicios, built in 1834.
 * Palacio Municipal, formerly functioned as city jail and headquarters.
 * Mercado González Ortega, main market in Silao.
 * Monument to Cristo Rey (Christ the King), started construction on December 10, 1945, and completed on August 17, 1949. The monument itself stands 20 meters from foot to head and is in the 'cerro del Cubilete', which is considered the geographic center of the country of Mexico.
 * Casa de Mauricio Ruiz, historic house, home of the Mexican artist Mauricio Ruiz Chávez

Tourist attractions
Some of the attractions in Silao are:

 * Here one can find the Cerro del Cubilete, considered by some to be the geographic center of the country. In the highest part of the mountain (at 2,500 meters) stands a monument to Cristo Rey or Christ the King. It represents the unity of the people of México in the Catholic faith. The Bajio region was the center of the Catholic insurgency in the Cristero War, whose battle cry was "¡Viva Cristo el Rey!". Construction started on December 10, 1945, and was completed on August 17, 1949. The monument itself measures 20 meters from its feet to its head. Its location dominates the scenery of the 'Bajío' region surrounding Silao.
 * Museum of the Chávez Morado Brothers (muralists and sculptors).
 * Silao has 27 parochial churches and innumerable buildings rich in architecture and history.
 * Building of the 'Casa de la Cultura' (House of Culture), previously the military quarters of Silao.

Silao is also central to other cities and towns of interest to tourists. The cities of Guanajuato and Romita are approximately 25 minutes by highway. León and Irapuato are about 35 minutes by highway.

Business district
This District is located at Guanajuato Puerto Interior The business district is development at this time. This District is designed to lodge: hotels, financial and commercial buildings

title: Silao


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/St. John's Church, Camas, Washington

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 02:01, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

St. John's Church, Camas, Washington
Stub, and article doesn't demonstrate any reason to be included in an encyclopedia Essjay ·  Talk 13:19, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete -- Essjay ·  Talk 13:19, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.. Gamaliel 15:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into Camas, Washington. — RJH 23:36, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - no evidence that this is a notable church. No need for a merge, I don't think, because there's basically no encyclopedic content here, aside from "there's a church called St. John's in Camas". CDC   (talk)  05:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable church. JamesBurns 08:42, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable church. Xoloz 17:36, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Currently Boilerplate (text), but let the originator create a truly encyclopaedic entry another time. Peter Ellis 04:22, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Martin Henderson

Martin Henderson (born 8 October 1974) is a New Zealand actor. He is known for his roles on the American medical drama series Off the Map as Dr. Ben Keeton (2011), the medical drama series Grey's Anatomy as Dr. Nathan Riggs (2015–2017), the Netflix romantic drama Virgin River as Jack Sheridan (2019–present), and for his performance as Noah Clay in the 2002 horror film The Ring, while remaining known in his home country for his teenage role as Stuart Neilson in the soap opera Shortland Street (1992–1995).

Early life
Henderson was born in Auckland to Ian and Veronica Henderson. They divorced when he was five. He began acting at the age of thirteen, appearing in Strangers, a local television production. He attended Birkenhead Primary Northcote Intermediate and Westlake Boys High schools. He played rugby as a flanker and his team won the championship in 1990 and 1991. He turned down going to study at university when he was 17, in favour of acting. He initially considered studying science and business.

Early work
At age 17, in 1992, Henderson starred as Stuart Neilson in the New Zealand prime-time soap opera Shortland Street. He played the role until 1995. Shortland Street became New Zealand's longest-running drama and soap opera. He subsequently lived in Australia for three years and appeared in a number of Australian films and television productions including Echo Point and Home and Away.

Move to the United States
Henderson moved to the United States in 1997 to pursue a career in Hollywood films and to train in a two-year program at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City with a student visa. To pay the tuition, he took a job at night as a restaurant food runner. While at school, he starred as Hamlet in the off-Broadway play Ophelia Thinks Harder. He left the school halfway through the two-year course and moved to Los Angeles.

Heath Ledger helped him financially during a period of numerous auditions without securing any role. Henderson first landed a voice over part in a Fanta commercial, speaking with an Australian accent. In 1999, he appeared in Kick, for which he was nominated for an AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 2000. After more than a year unsuccessfully auditioning for film roles in Los Angeles, in 2001 he was cast in a supporting role in the John Woo-directed war film Windtalkers. In 2002, Henderson starred opposite Naomi Watts in the horror film The Ring. Following the box office success of the film, he was cast as Drew in Perfect Opposites, and subsequently as the lead character in the biker film Torque, released in early 2004. Later that year, he starred opposite Aishwarya Rai in the British romantic film Bride and Prejudice and appeared in Britney Spears' "Toxic" music video. In 2005, he appeared in the award-winning Little Fish starring Cate Blanchett. In 2006, Henderson received rave reviews in London's West End in a theatre production of Fool for Love with Juliette Lewis.

He was set to star alongside Jordana Brewster in the television series adapted from the 2005 film Mr. & Mrs. Smith. However, the series was not picked up by any network. In 2006, he appeared in the movie Flyboys. He also appeared in a commercial for the 2008 Cadillac CTS, and the House episode "Painless". In 2010, Henderson was cast in Grey's Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes' short-lived television series Off the Map as a New Zealand doctor. In 2014, he starred in the multi-platform Australian drama television series Secrets & Lies and in the SundanceTV drama series The Red Road.

In 2015, Henderson appeared in Everest, with Jake Gyllenhaal. In June that year, he joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy, as a potential love interest for series lead Ellen Pompeo's Meredith Grey, making his first appearance in November. The actor exited two years later, his final appearance in October 2017. Henderson told Deadline that his departure was a storytelling-based decision, adding, "This [was] my final year so I was expecting Nathan’s storyline to be wrapped up." In 2016, he starred in the film Miracles from Heaven opposite Jennifer Garner.

Since 2019, Henderson has co-starred on the Netflix series Virgin River alongside Alexandra Breckenridge, playing the role of Jack Sheridan, a former marine with PTSD. The series was renewed by Netflix for a fourth and fifth season in 2021. He was cast in A24 horror film X (2022) as Wayne Gilroy.

Personal life
As of 2017, he lives in Los Angeles with his dog.

title: Martin Henderson


text:
Deaf Forever

"Deaf Forever" is a song by the British heavy metal band Motörhead, released in 1986 in 7" and 12" vinyl pressings. It is covered with B-sides, "On the Road (live)", and on the 12" vinyl, a bonus (new) track, "Steal Your Face (live)". The title song is taken from the Orgasmatron album and the sleeve artwork was created by Joe Petagno. "Deaf Forever" reached number 67 on the UK Singles Chart.

On 20 June 1986 Lemmy was interviewed by Chris Tetley on BBC Radio 1's 'The Friday Rock Show', "Deaf Forever", "Doctor Rock" and "Nothing Up My Sleeve" were played. On 9 August 1986, Lemmy and Würzel were interviewed by Andy Kershaw on BBC Radio 1's 'Saturday Live' show, "Deaf Forever" and "Orgasmatron" were played.

The Dutch release of the 12" single features the same tracks as the UK edition but is a picture disc, displaying a colour photograph of the band.

The song was featured in the soundtrack to the film, Urban Legend.

Track listing
All tracks written by Lemmy, Würzel, Phil Campbell and Pete Gill

7"

 * 1) "Deaf Forever"
 * 2) "On the Road (live)"

12"

 * 1) "Deaf Forever"
 * 2) "On the Road (live)"
 * 3) "Steal Your Face (live)"

Original vinyl releases
Original vinyl releases of this single contained a post card with a competition to win a Sony Discman and Motörhead's new CD album "Orgasmatron". The questions were:
 * 1) Which member of Motörhead wears a strapless bra underneath his stage clothes?
 * 2) Which member of Motörhead has two adorable little bunnies called Mopsy and Garfunkle?
 * 3) Do you think there is a valid place for Motörhead to occupy in today's urban military industrial wasteland? True of false?
 * 4) Do you feel that Motörhead say one thing one minute and out the other? (specify inside leg measurement)

The postcards were to be sent to GWR, the record label involved in the single's release.

Personnel

 * Motörhead
 * Lemmy – lead vocals, bass
 * Phil "Wizzö" Campbell – guitars
 * Würzel – guitars
 * Pete Gill – drums

 * Production
 * "Deaf Forever" produced by – Bill Laswell in association with Jason Corsaro
 * "On the Road" produced – Vic Maile, mixed by Steve Kinkoff

title: Deaf Forever


text:
Kosbach

Kosbach is a village on the outskirts of Erlangen, Germany. The village is known locally for its own Kirchweih festival, the Kosbacher Karpfen Kirchweih, which is a celebration at which carp is consumed en masse. The village is surrounded by carp ponds. The ponds are lined with nets, a month or so before the festival the nets are raised so the fish are off the bottom and the muddiness is rinsed away. In 1985 there were a disproportionate number of teenagers in the town, by far outnumbering the adults.

title: Kosbach