text:
Top (sailing ship)

The top on a traditional square rigged ship is the platform at the upper end of each (lower) mast. This is not the masthead "crow's nest" of the popular imagination – above the mainmast (for example) is the main-topmast, main-topgallant-mast and main-royal-mast, so that the top is actually about 1/4 to 1/3 of the way up the mast as a whole.

The main purpose of the top is to anchor the shrouds of the topmast that extends above it. Shrouds down to the side of the hull would be at too acute an angle from the mast, so crosstrees run sideways out from the mast to spread the topmast shrouds. These crosstrees rest on two trestle trees running fore and aft, which themselves are placed on top of the cheeks of hounds, bolted to the sides of the mast. Placing a few timbers onto the crosstrees produces a useful platform, the top. The futtock shrouds carry the load of the upper shrouds into the mast below.

At the upper end of the topmast and topgallant, there is a similar situation regarding the next mast up (topgallant and royal respectively). At these points a smaller top might be constructed, but it is more usual simply to leave the shroud-bearing struts open, in which case they are known as crosstrees.

Access for sailors to the top may be by a Jacob's ladder, lubber's hole, or the futtock shrouds.

A foremast might be stepped into a similar fore-top platform on the foremast. A mizzen-top would be a platform on the mizzenmast. Similar main-top and fore-top platforms have been retained on steam ships and motor vessels as preferred locations for installing rotating radar antennae.

Fighting top
A fighting top was an enlarged top with swivel guns, designed to fire down at the deck of enemy ships. They could also hold sailors or marines armed with muskets or rifles; Horatio Nelson was mortally wounded at the Battle of Trafalgar by a sniper firing from a fighting top of the Redoutable.

title: Top (sailing ship)


text:
Carine

Carine may refer to:

Places

 * Carine, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth
 * Electoral district of Carine, in the Western Australian parliament
 * Carine, Nikšić, Montenegro
 * Carine (Mysia), a town of ancient Mysia, now in Turkey

Owl species

 * Little owl (Carine noctua or Athene noctua)
 * Rodrigues scops owl (Carine murivora or Mascarenotus murivorus)

Other uses

 * CARINE, a theorem prover
 * Carine (given name)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carine


text:
Worplesdon railway station

Worplesdon railway station is a railway station in the Woking district of Surrey, England. The station is located between Woking and Guildford stations on the Portsmouth Direct Line, 26 mi down the line from London Waterloo.

The station opened in 1883, surrounded by open heath and farmland. Some nearby land has subsequently been developed and the station is currently situated in an area of affluent low-density housing. The nearest village to the station is Mayford, located approximately 1 mi north-northeast of the station.

Despite its name, the station is not located in Worplesdon village, which is approximately 1.5 mi to the southwest.

Services
The current typical weekday off-peak service pattern is one train per hour in each direction, northbound to London Waterloo via Woking and Clapham Junction, and southbound to Portsmouth and Southsea calling at most stations via Guildford and Havant. At peak times the frequency is increased to half-hourly.

Sunday services began at this station at the start of 2020, with one train per hour on the Guildford - Waterloo (via Woking) suburban service calling here.

The ticket office and buffet are only open during the morning peak on weekdays; there is a self-service ticket machine for purchase of tickets at other times. The station has a car park and cycle rack.

title: Worplesdon railway station


text:
Badger game

The badger game is an extortion scheme or confidence trick in which the victims are tricked into compromising positions in order to make them vulnerable to blackmail. Its name is derived from the practice of badger-baiting.

The trick was particularly effective in the 19th and earlier 20th century when social attitudes toward adultery were much harsher. A famous person known to have fallen victim of the scheme was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, whose adulterous affair with Maria Reynolds was used by her husband to extort money and information from him.

The badger game has been featured as a plot device in numerous books, movies and television shows.

Description
In its simplest form, the badger game proceeds thus: a married man begins an extramarital affair. Another man, posing as the other woman's husband or brother, then "discovers" the affair; he then demands money from the man to keep the affair secret. Unknown to the man having the affair, both the woman and the man who demands the money had prearranged the situation and were conspiring against him.

The woman may also claim that the sexual encounter was non-consensual and threaten the victim with a rape or sexual harassment charge.

Variants of the trick involve luring the victim with the promise of a homosexual act, underage children, child pornography, a bizarre sexual fetish, or some other activity carrying a legal penalty and/or social stigma. In the most typical form of the trick, an attractive woman approaches a man, preferably a lonely married man of considerable financial means from out of town, and entices him to a private place with the intent of maneuvering him into a compromising position, usually sexual. Afterwards, an accomplice blackmails the victim with photographs or similar evidence.

Another form involves accusations of professional misconduct. In an example of this form of the trick, a "sick" woman visits a physician, describing symptoms that require her to disrobe for the examination, require the doctor to examine the genitals, or ensure similar scrutiny from the doctor. During the examination an "outraged husband" or "outraged father" enters the room and accuses the doctor of misconduct. The "sick" woman, who is of course part of the deception, takes the side of her accomplice and threatens the doctor with criminal charges or a lawsuit. This form of the badger game was first widely publicized in an article in the August 25, 1930 edition of Time magazine.

Non-sexual versions of this trick also exist, particularly among ethnic and religious groups with strong social taboos, for example inducing a Mormon to gamble or drink alcohol in violation of his religious vows, and then demanding money to keep the indulgence secret and thus preserve his reputation.

title: Badger game


text:
Talk:Dez Dam

Question
3,340 cubic metres can't be right. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0113468.html says 3340 million cubic metres. Sounds about right for the reservoir volume, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9030197 says 495,000 cubic metres. That sounds like the volume of the dam structure, rather than the reservoir. 3,310 million is the initial size from what i see in sources, maybe 3.3 Billion cubic meters (a conversion) sounds better.

Add importance level. Majidvp (talk) 07:32, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Hello, almost 6 years later... Should be clarified now. The capacity is closer to 2.6 billion m3.--NortyNort (Holla) 20:53, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dez Dam


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Swiss municipalities/List of title variations/T-Z

T

 * Tafers	Tafers FR Tafers (FR)  Tafers (Fribourg)  Tafers, Switzerland
 * Tägerig	Tägerig AG Tägerig (AG)  Tägerig (Aargau)  Tägerig, Switzerland
 * Tägertschi	Tägertschi BE Tägertschi (BE)  Tägertschi, Bern  Tägertschi, Switzerland
 * Tägerwilen	Tägerwilen TG Tägerwilen (TG)  Tägerwilen (Thurgau)  Tägerwilen, Switzerland
 * Tamins	Tamins GR Tamins (GR)  Tamins (Graubünden)  Tamins, Switzerland
 * Tannay	Tannay VD Tannay (VD)  Tannay (Vaud)  Tannay, Switzerland
 * Tarasp	Tarasp GR Tarasp (GR)  Tarasp (Graubünden)  Tarasp, Switzerland
 * Tartar	Tartar GR Tartar (GR)  Tartar (Graubünden)  Tartar, Switzerland
 * Tartegnin	Tartegnin VD Tartegnin (VD)  Tartegnin (Vaud)  Tartegnin, Switzerland
 * Täsch	Täsch VS Täsch (VS)  Täsch (Valais)  Täsch, Switzerland
 * Täuffelen	Täuffelen BE Täuffelen (BE)  Täuffelen, Bern  Täuffelen, Switzerland
 * Tavannes	Tavannes BE Tavannes (BE)  Tavannes, Bern  Tavannes, Switzerland
 * Tecknau	Tecknau BL Tecknau (BL)  Tecknau (Baselland) Tecknau (Basel-Landschaft) Tecknau, Switzerland
 * Tegerfelden	Tegerfelden AG Tegerfelden (AG)  Tegerfelden (Aargau)  Tegerfelden, Switzerland
 * Tegna	Tegna TI Tegna (TI)  Tegna (Ticino)  Tegna, Switzerland
 * Tenero-Contra	Tenero-Contra TI Tenero-Contra (TI)  Tenero-Contra (Ticino)  Tenero-Contra, Switzerland
 * Tenna	Tenna GR Tenna (GR)  Tenna (Graubünden)  Tenna, Switzerland
 * Tenniken	Tenniken BL Tenniken (BL)  Tenniken (Baselland) Tenniken (Basel-Landschaft) Tenniken, Switzerland
 * Tentlingen	Tentlingen FR Tentlingen (FR)  Tentlingen (Fribourg)  Tentlingen, Switzerland
 * Termen	Termen VS Termen (VS)  Termen (Valais)  Termen, Switzerland
 * Teufen	Teufen AR Teufen (AR) Teufen (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden) Teufen, Switzerland Teufen ZH Teufen (ZH) Teufen (Zurich)
 * Teufenthal	Teufenthal AG Teufenthal (AG) Teufenthal (Aargau) Teufenthal, Switzerland
 * Teuffenthal Teuffenthal BE Teuffenthal (BE) Teuffenthal, Bern Teuffenthal, Switzerland
 * Thal Thal SG Thal (SG) Thal (St. Gallen) Thal, Switzerland
 * Thalheim Thalheim AG Thalheim (AG) Thalheim (Aargau) Thalheim, Switzerland
 * Thalheim an der Thur Thalheim an der Thur ZH Thalheim an der Thur (ZH) Thalheim an der Thur (Zurich) Thalheim an der Thur, Switzerland
 * Thalwil	Thalwil ZH Thalwil (ZH)  Thalwil (Zurich)  Thalwil, Switzerland
 * Thayngen	Thayngen SH Thayngen (SH)  Thayngen (Schaffhausen)  Thayngen, Switzerland
 * Therwil	Therwil BL Therwil (BL)  Therwil (Baselland) Therwil (Basel-Landschaft) Therwil, Switzerland
 * Thielle-Wavre	Thielle-Wavre NE Thielle-Wavre (NE)  Thielle-Wavre (Neuenburg)  Thielle-Wavre, Switzerland
 * Thierachern Thierachern BE Thierachern (BE)  Thierachern, Bern  Thierachern, Switzerland
 * Thierrens	Thierrens VD Thierrens (VD)  Thierrens (Vaud)  Thierrens, Switzerland
 * Thônex	Thônex GE Thônex (GE)  Thônex (Geneva)  Thônex, Switzerland
 * Thörigen	Thörigen BE Thörigen (BE)  Thörigen, Bern  Thörigen, Switzerland
 * Thun	Thun BE Thun (BE)  Thun, Bern  Thun, Switzerland
 * Thundorf	Thundorf TG Thundorf (TG)  Thundorf (Thurgau)  Thundorf, Switzerland
 * Thunstetten	Thunstetten BE Thunstetten (BE)  Thunstetten, Bern  Thunstetten, Switzerland
 * Thürnen	Thürnen BL Thürnen (BL)  Thürnen (Baselland) Thürnen (Basel-Landschaft) Thürnen, Switzerland
 * Thusis	Thusis GR Thusis (GR)  Thusis (Graubünden)  Thusis, Switzerland
 * Tiefencastel	Tiefencastel GR Tiefencastel (GR)  Tiefencastel (Graubünden)  Tiefencastel, Switzerland
 * Tinizong-Rona	Tinizong-Rona GR Tinizong-Rona (GR)  Tinizong-Rona (Graubünden)  Tinizong-Rona, Switzerland
 * Titterten	Titterten BL Titterten (BL)  Titterten (Baselland) Titterten (Basel-Landschaft) Titterten, Switzerland
 * Tobel-Tägerschen	Tobel-Tägerschen TG Tobel-Tägerschen (TG)  Tobel-Tägerschen (Thurgau)  Tobel-Tägerschen, Switzerland
 * Toffen	Toffen BE Toffen (BE)  Toffen, Bern  Toffen, Switzerland
 * Tolochenaz	Tolochenaz VD Tolochenaz (VD)  Tolochenaz (Vaud)  Tolochenaz, Switzerland
 * Törbel	Törbel VS Törbel (VS)  Törbel (Valais)  Törbel, Switzerland
 * Torny	Torny FR Torny (FR)  Torny (Fribourg)  Torny, Switzerland
 * Torre	Torre TI Torre (TI)  Torre (Ticino)  Torre, Switzerland
 * Torricella-Taverne	Torricella-Taverne TI Torricella-Taverne (TI)  Torricella-Taverne (Ticino)  Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
 * Trachselwald	Trachselwald BE Trachselwald (BE)  Trachselwald, Bern  Trachselwald, Switzerland
 * Tramelan	Tramelan BE Tramelan (BE)  Tramelan, Bern  Tramelan, Switzerland
 * Trans	Trans GR Trans (GR)  Trans (Graubünden)  Trans, Switzerland
 * Trasadingen	Trasadingen SH Trasadingen (SH)  Trasadingen (Schaffhausen)  Trasadingen, Switzerland
 * Travers	Travers NE Travers (NE)  Travers (Neuenburg)  Travers, Switzerland
 * Treiten	Treiten BE Treiten (BE)  Treiten, Bern  Treiten, Switzerland
 * Trélex	Trélex VD Trélex (VD)  Trélex (Vaud)  Trélex, Switzerland
 * Tremona	Tremona TI Tremona (TI)  Tremona (Ticino)  Tremona, Switzerland
 * Trey	Trey VD Trey (VD)  Trey (Vaud)  Trey, Switzerland
 * Treycovagnes	Treycovagnes VD Treycovagnes (VD)  Treycovagnes (Vaud)  Treycovagnes, Switzerland
 * Treytorrens (Payerne)	Treytorrens (Payerne) VD Treytorrens (Payerne) (VD)  Treytorrens (Payerne (Vaud)  Treytorrens (Payerne), Switzerland
 * Treyvaux	Treyvaux FR Treyvaux (FR)  Treyvaux (Fribourg)  Treyvaux, Switzerland
 * Triengen	Triengen LU Triengen (LU)  Triengen (Lucerne)  Triengen, Switzerland
 * Trient	Trient VS Trient (VS) Trient (Valais)  Trient (Valais)  Trient, Switzerland
 * Trimbach	Trimbach SO Trimbach (SO)  Trimbach (Solothurn)  Trimbach, Switzerland
 * Trimmis	Trimmis GR Trimmis (GR)  Trimmis (Graubünden)  Trimmis, Switzerland
 * Trimstein	Trimstein BE Trimstein (BE)  Trimstein, Bern  Trimstein, Switzerland
 * Trin	Trin GR Trin (GR)  Trin (Graubünden)  Trin, Switzerland
 * Trogen	Trogen AR Trogen (AR)  Trogen (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden)  Trogen, Switzerland
 * Troinex	Troinex GE Troinex (GE)  Troinex (Geneva)  Troinex, Switzerland
 * Troistorrents	Troistorrents VS Troistorrents (VS)  Troistorrents (Valais)  Troistorrents, Switzerland
 * Trubschachen	Trubschachen BE Trubschachen (BE)  Trubschachen, Bern  Trubschachen, Switzerland
 * Trub	Trub BE Trub (BE)  Trub, Bern  Trub, Switzerland
 * Trüllikon	Trüllikon ZH Trüllikon (ZH)  Trüllikon (Zurich)  Trüllikon, Switzerland
 * Trun	Trun GR Trun (GR)  Trun (Graubünden)  Trun, Switzerland
 * Truttikon	Truttikon ZH Truttikon (ZH)  Truttikon (Zurich)  Truttikon, Switzerland
 * Tschappina	Tschappina GR Tschappina (GR)  Tschappina (Graubünden)  Tschappina, Switzerland
 * Tscheppach	Tscheppach SO Tscheppach (SO)  Tscheppach (Solothurn)  Tscheppach, Switzerland
 * Tschiertschen	Tschiertschen GR Tschiertschen (GR)  Tschiertschen (Graubünden)  Tschiertschen, Switzerland
 * Tschierv	Tschierv GR Tschierv (GR)  Tschierv (Graubünden)  Tschierv, Switzerland
 * Tschlin	Tschlin GR Tschlin (GR)  Tschlin (Graubünden)  Tschlin, Switzerland
 * Tschugg	Tschugg BE Tschugg (BE)  Tschugg, Bern  Tschugg, Switzerland
 * Tübach	Tübach SG Tübach (SG)  Tübach (St. Gallen)  Tübach, Switzerland
 * Tuggen	Tuggen SZ Tuggen (SZ)  Tuggen (Schwyz)  Tuggen, Switzerland
 * Tujetsch	Tujetsch GR Tujetsch (GR)  Tujetsch (Graubünden)  Tujetsch, Switzerland
 * Tumegl/Tomils	Tumegl/Tomils GR Tumegl/Tomils (GR)  Tumegl/Tomils (Graubünden)  Tumegl/Tomils, Switzerland
 * Tumegl-Tomils	Tumegl-Tomils GR Tumegl-Tomils (GR)  Tumegl-Tomils (Graubünden)  Tumegl-Tomils, Switzerland
 * Tumegl	Tumegl GR Tumegl (GR)  Tumegl (Graubünden)  Tumegl, Switzerland
 * Tomils	Tomils GR Tomils (GR)  Tomils (Graubünden)  Tomils, Switzerland
 * Turbenthal	Turbenthal ZH Turbenthal (ZH)  Turbenthal (Zurich)  Turbenthal, Switzerland
 * Turgi	Turgi AG Turgi (AG)  Turgi (Aargau)  Turgi, Switzerland
 * Turtmann	Turtmann VS Turtmann (VS)  Turtmann (Valais)  Turtmann, Switzerland
 * Tüscherz-Alfermée	Tüscherz-Alfermée BE Tüscherz-Alfermée (BE)  Tüscherz-Alfermée, Bern  Tüscherz-Alfermée, Switzerland
 * Tüscherz	Tüscherz BE Tüscherz (BE)  Tüscherz, Bern  Tüscherz, Switzerland
 * Alfermée	Alfermée BE Alfermée (BE)  Alfermée, Bern  Alfermée, Switzerland
 * Twann	Twann BE Twann (BE)  Twann, Bern  Twann, Switzerland

U

 * Udligenswil Udligenswil LU Udligenswil (LU)  Udligenswil (Lucerne)  Udligenswil, Switzerland
 * Ueberstorf	Ueberstorf FR Ueberstorf (FR)  Ueberstorf (Fribourg)  Ueberstorf, Switzerland Überstorf
 * Uebeschi Uebeschi BE Uebeschi (BE)  Uebeschi, Bern  Uebeschi, Switzerland Übeschi
 * Ueken Ueken AG Ueken (AG)  Ueken (Aargau)  Ueken, Switzerland Üken
 * Uerkheim Uerkheim AG Uerkheim (AG)  Uerkheim (Aargau)  Uerkheim, Switzerland Ürkheim
 * Uesslingen-BuchUesslingen-Buch TG Uesslingen-Buch (TG)  Uesslingen-Buch (Thurgau)  Uesslingen-Buch, Switzerland
 * Uesslingen	Uesslingen TG Uesslingen (TG)  Uesslingen (Thurgau) Uesslingen, Switzerland Üsslingen
 * Buch Buch TG Buch (TG)  Buch (Thurgau)  Buch, Switzerland
 * Uetendorf	Uetendorf BE Uetendorf (BE)  Uetendorf, Bern  Uetendorf, Switzerland Ütendorf
 * Uetikon am See	Uetikon am See ZH Uetikon am See (ZH)  Uetikon am See (Zurich)  Uetikon am See, Switzerland
 * Uetikon an der Limmat	Uetikon an der Limmat ZH Uetikon an der Limmat (ZH)  Uetikon an der Limmat (Zurich)  Uetikon an der Limmat, Switzerland
 * Uetikon Uetikon ZH Uetikon (ZH)  Uetikon (Zurich)  Uetikon, Switzerland Ütikon
 * Uezwil Uezwil AG Uezwil (AG)  Uezwil (Aargau)  Uezwil, Switzerland Üzwil
 * Uffikon	Uffikon LU Uffikon (LU)  Uffikon (Lucerne)  Uffikon, Switzerland
 * Ufhusen	Ufhusen LU Ufhusen (LU)  Ufhusen (Lucerne)  Ufhusen, Switzerland
 * Uitikon	Uitikon ZH Uitikon (ZH)  Uitikon (Zurich)  Uitikon, Switzerland
 * Ulmiz	Ulmiz FR Ulmiz (FR)  Ulmiz (Fribourg)  Ulmiz, Switzerland
 * Ulrichen	Ulrichen VS Ulrichen (VS)  Ulrichen (Valais)  Ulrichen, Switzerland
 * Umiken	Umiken AG Umiken (AG)  Umiken (Aargau)  Umiken, Switzerland
 * Undervelier	Undervelier JU Undervelier (JU)  Undervelier (Jura)  Undervelier, Switzerland
 * Unterlunkhofen	Unterlunkhofen AG Unterlunkhofen (AG)  Unterlunkhofen (Aargau)  Unterlunkhofen, Switzerland
 * Unterägeri	Unterägeri ZG Unterägeri (ZG)  Unterägeri (Zug)  Unterägeri, Switzerland Unteraegeri
 * Unterbäch	Unterbäch VS Unterbäch (VS)  Unterbäch (Valais)  Unterbäch, Switzerland Unterbaech
 * Unterbözberg	Unterbözberg AG Unterbözberg (AG)  Unterbözberg (Aargau)  Unterbözberg, Switzerland Unterboezberg
 * Untereggen	Untereggen SG Untereggen (SG)  Untereggen (St. Gallen)  Untereggen, Switzerland
 * Unterehrendingen	Unterehrendingen AG Unterehrendingen (AG)  Unterehrendingen (Aargau)  Unterehrendingen, Switzerland
 * Unterems	Unterems VS Unterems (VS)  Unterems (Valais)  Unterems, Switzerland
 * Unterendingen	Unterendingen AG Unterendingen (AG)  Unterendingen (Aargau)  Unterendingen, Switzerland
 * Unterengstringen	Unterengstringen ZH Unterengstringen (ZH)  Unterengstringen (Zurich)  Unterengstringen, Switzerland
 * Unterentfelden	Unterentfelden AG Unterentfelden (AG)  Unterentfelden (Aargau)  Unterentfelden, Switzerland
 * Unteriberg	Unteriberg SZ Unteriberg (SZ)  Unteriberg (Schwyz)  Unteriberg, Switzerland
 * Unterkulm	Unterkulm AG Unterkulm (AG)  Unterkulm (Aargau)  Unterkulm, Switzerland
 * Unterlangenegg	Unterlangenegg BE Unterlangenegg (BE)  Unterlangenegg, Bern  Unterlangenegg, Switzerland
 * Unterramsern	Unterramsern SO Unterramsern (SO)  Unterramsern (Solothurn)  Unterramsern, Switzerland
 * Unterschächen	Unterschächen UR Unterschächen (UR)  Unterschächen (Uri)  Unterschächen, Switzerland Unterschaechen
 * Unterseen	Unterseen BE Unterseen (BE)  Unterseen, Bern  Unterseen, Switzerland
 * Untersiggenthal	Untersiggenthal AG Untersiggenthal (AG)  Untersiggenthal (Aargau)  Untersiggenthal, Switzerland
 * Unterstammheim	Unterstammheim ZH Unterstammheim (ZH)  Unterstammheim (Zurich)  Unterstammheim, Switzerland
 * Untersteckholz	Untersteckholz BE Untersteckholz (BE)  Untersteckholz, Bern  Untersteckholz, Switzerland
 * Untervaz	Untervaz GR Untervaz (GR)  Untervaz (Graubünden)  Untervaz, Switzerland
 * Urdorf	Urdorf ZH Urdorf (ZH)  Urdorf (Zurich)  Urdorf, Switzerland
 * Urmein	Urmein GR Urmein (GR)  Urmein (Graubünden)  Urmein, Switzerland
 * Urnäsch	Urnäsch AR Urnäsch (AR)  Urnäsch (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden)  Urnäsch, Switzerland Urnaesch
 * Ursenbach	Ursenbach BE Ursenbach (BE) Ursenbach, Bern Ursenbach, Switzerland
 * Ursins	Ursins VD Ursins (VD)  Ursins (Vaud)  Ursins, Switzerland
 * Ursy	Ursy FR Ursy (FR)  Ursy (Fribourg)  Ursy, Switzerland
 * Urtenen	Urtenen BE Urtenen (BE)  Urtenen, Bern  Urtenen, Switzerland
 * Uster	Uster ZH Uster (ZH)  Uster (Zurich)  Uster, Switzerland
 * Uttigen	Uttigen BE Uttigen (BE)  Uttigen, Bern  Uttigen, Switzerland
 * Uttwil	Uttwil TG Uttwil (TG)  Uttwil (Thurgau)  Uttwil, Switzerland
 * Utzenstorf	Utzenstorf BE Utzenstorf (BE)  Utzenstorf, Bern  Utzenstorf, Switzerland
 * Uznach	Uznach SG Uznach (SG)  Uznach (St. Gallen)  Uznach, Switzerland
 * Uzwil	Uzwil SG Uzwil (SG)  Uzwil (St. Gallen)  Uzwil, Switzerland

V

 * Vacallo	Vacallo TI Vacallo (TI)  Vacallo (Ticino)  Vacallo, Switzerland
 * Valangin	Valangin NE Valangin (NE) Valangin (Neuenburg) Valangin, Switzerland
 * Valchava	Valchava GR Valchava (GR)  Valchava (Graubünden)  Valchava, Switzerland
 * Valcolla	Valcolla TI Valcolla (TI)  Valcolla (Ticino)  Valcolla, Switzerland
 * Val-d'Illiez	Val-d'Illiez VS Val-d'Illiez (VS)  Val-d'Illiez (Valais)  Val-d'Illiez, Switzerland
 * Valendas	Valendas GR Valendas (GR)  Valendas (Graubünden)  Valendas, Switzerland
 * Valeyres-sous-Montagny	Valeyres-sous-Montagny VD Valeyres-sous-Montagny (VD)  Valeyres-sous-Montagny (Vaud)  Valeyres-sous-Montagny, Switzerland
 * Valeyres-sous-Rances	Valeyres-sous-Rances VD Valeyres-sous-Rances (VD)  Valeyres-sous-Rances (Vaud)  Valeyres-sous-Rances, Switzerland
 * Valeyres-sous-Ursins	Valeyres-sous-Ursins VD Valeyres-sous-Ursins (VD)  Valeyres-sous-Ursins (Vaud)  Valeyres-sous-Ursins, Switzerland
 * Vallamand	Vallamand VD Vallamand (VD)  Vallamand (Vaud)  Vallamand, Switzerland
 * Vallon	Vallon FR Vallon (FR)  Vallon (Fribourg)  Vallon, Switzerland
 * Vallorbe	Vallorbe VD Vallorbe (VD)  Vallorbe (Vaud)  Vallorbe, Switzerland
 * Vals	Vals GR Vals (GR)  Vals (Graubünden)  Vals, Switzerland
 * Valzeina	Valzeina GR Valzeina (GR)  Valzeina (Graubünden)  Valzeina, Switzerland
 * Vandoeuvres	Vandoeuvres GE Vandoeuvres (GE)  Vandoeuvres (Geneva)  Vandoeuvres, Switzerland
 * Vandœuvres	Vandœuvres GE Vandœuvres (GE)  Vandœuvres (Geneva) Vandœuvres, Switzerland
 * Varen	Varen VS Varen (VS)  Varen (Valais)  Varen, Switzerland
 * Vauffelin	Vauffelin BE Vauffelin (BE)  Vauffelin, Bern  Vauffelin, Switzerland
 * Vaugondry	Vaugondry VD Vaugondry (VD)  Vaugondry (Vaud)  Vaugondry, Switzerland
 * Vaulion	Vaulion VD Vaulion (VD)  Vaulion (Vaud)  Vaulion, Switzerland
 * Vaulruz	Vaulruz FR Vaulruz (FR)  Vaulruz (Fribourg)  Vaulruz, Switzerland
 * Vaumarcus	Vaumarcus NE Vaumarcus (NE)  Vaumarcus (Neuenburg)  Vaumarcus, Switzerland
 * Vaux-sur-Morges	Vaux-sur-Morges VD Vaux-sur-Morges (VD)  Vaux-sur-Morges (Vaud)  Vaux-sur-Morges, Switzerland
 * Vaz/Obervaz	Vaz/Obervaz GR Vaz/Obervaz (GR)  Vaz/Obervaz (Graubünden)  Vaz/Obervaz, Switzerland
 * Vechigen	Vechigen BE Vechigen (BE)  Vechigen, Bern  Vechigen, Switzerland
 * Vella	Vella GR Vella (GR)  Vella (Graubünden)  Vella, Switzerland
 * Vellerat	Vellerat JU Vellerat (JU)  Vellerat (Jura)  Vellerat, Switzerland
 * Veltheim	Veltheim AG Veltheim (AG) Veltheim (Aargau) Veltheim, Switzerland
 * Vendlincourt	Vendlincourt JU Vendlincourt (JU)  Vendlincourt (Jura)  Vendlincourt, Switzerland
 * Venthône	Venthône VS Venthône (VS)  Venthône (Valais)  Venthône, Switzerland
 * Verdabbio	Verdabbio GR Verdabbio (GR)  Verdabbio (Graubünden)  Verdabbio, Switzerland
 * Vergeletto	Vergeletto TI Vergeletto (TI)  Vergeletto (Ticino)  Vergeletto, Switzerland
 * Vermes	Vermes JU Vermes (JU)  Vermes (Jura)  Vermes, Switzerland
 * Vernamiège	Vernamiège VS Vernamiège (VS)  Vernamiège (Valais)  Vernamiège, Switzerland
 * Vernate	Vernate TI Vernate (TI)  Vernate (Ticino)  Vernate, Switzerland
 * Vernayaz	Vernayaz VS Vernayaz (VS)  Vernayaz (Valais)  Vernayaz, Switzerland
 * Vernier	Vernier GE Vernier (GE)  Vernier (Geneva)  Vernier, Switzerland
 * Vérossaz	Vérossaz VS Vérossaz (VS)  Vérossaz (Valais)  Vérossaz, Switzerland
 * Versam	Versam GR Versam (GR)  Versam (Graubünden)  Versam, Switzerland
 * Verscio	Verscio TI Verscio (TI)  Verscio (Ticino)  Verscio, Switzerland
 * Versoix	Versoix GE Versoix (GE)  Versoix (Geneva)  Versoix, Switzerland
 * Vesin	Vesin FR Vesin (FR)  Vesin (Fribourg)  Vesin, Switzerland
 * Vétroz	Vétroz VS Vétroz (VS)  Vétroz (Valais)  Vétroz, Switzerland
 * Vevey	Vevey VD Vevey (VD)  Vevey (Vaud)  Vevey, Switzerland
 * Vex	Vex VS Vex (VS)  Vex (Valais)  Vex, Switzerland
 * Veyras	Veyras VS Veyras (VS)  Veyras (Valais)  Veyras, Switzerland
 * Veyrier	Veyrier GE Veyrier (GE)  Veyrier (Geneva)  Veyrier, Switzerland
 * Veysonnaz	Veysonnaz VS Veysonnaz (VS)  Veysonnaz (Valais)  Veysonnaz, Switzerland
 * Veytaux	Veytaux VD Veytaux (VD)  Veytaux (Vaud)  Veytaux, Switzerland
 * Vezia	Vezia TI Vezia (TI)  Vezia (Ticino)  Vezia, Switzerland
 * Vezio	Vezio TI Vezio (TI)  Vezio (Ticino)  Vezio, Switzerland
 * Vich	Vich VD Vich (VD)  Vich (Vaud)  Vich, Switzerland
 * Vico Morcote	Vico Morcote TI Vico Morcote (TI)  Vico Morcote (Ticino)  Vico Morcote, Switzerland
 * Vicosoprano	Vicosoprano GR Vicosoprano (GR)  Vicosoprano (Graubünden)  Vicosoprano, Switzerland
 * Vicques	Vicques JU Vicques (JU)  Vicques (Jura)  Vicques, Switzerland
 * Viganello	Viganello TI Viganello (TI)  Viganello (Ticino)  Viganello, Switzerland
 * Vignogn	Vignogn GR Vignogn (GR)  Vignogn (Graubünden)  Vignogn, Switzerland
 * Villaluganese	Villaluganese TI Villaluganese (TI)  Villaluganese (Ticino)  Villaluganese, Switzerland Villa Luganese
 * Villarbeney	Villarbeney FR Villarbeney (FR)  Villarbeney (Fribourg)  Villarbeney, Switzerland
 * Villarepos	Villarepos FR Villarepos (FR)  Villarepos (Fribourg)  Villarepos, Switzerland
 * Villarimboud	Villarimboud FR Villarimboud (FR)  Villarimboud (Fribourg)  Villarimboud, Switzerland
 * Villars-Bramard	Villars-Bramard VD Villars-Bramard (VD)  Villars-Bramard (Vaud)  Villars-Bramard, Switzerland
 * Villars-Burquin	Villars-Burquin VD Villars-Burquin (VD)  Villars-Burquin (Vaud)  Villars-Burquin, Switzerland
 * Villarsel-sur-Marly	Villarsel-sur-Marly FR Villarsel-sur-Marly (FR)  Villarsel-sur-Marly (Fribourg)  Villarsel-sur-Marly, Switzerland
 * Villars-Epeney	Villars-Epeney VD Villars-Epeney (VD)  Villars-Epeney (Vaud)  Villars-Epeney, Switzerland
 * Villars-le-Comte	Villars-le-Comte VD Villars-le-Comte (VD)  Villars-le-Comte (Vaud)  Villars-le-Comte, Switzerland
 * Villars-le-Grand	Villars-le-Grand VD Villars-le-Grand (VD)  Villars-le-Grand (Vaud)  Villars-le-Grand, Switzerland
 * Villars-le-Terroir	Villars-le-Terroir VD Villars-le-Terroir (VD)  Villars-le-Terroir (Vaud)  Villars-le-Terroir, Switzerland
 * Villars-Mendraz	Villars-Mendraz VD Villars-Mendraz (VD)  Villars-Mendraz (Vaud)  Villars-Mendraz, Switzerland
 * Villars-Sainte-Croix	Villars-Sainte-Croix VD Villars-Sainte-Croix (VD)  Villars-Sainte-Croix (Vaud)  Villars-Sainte-Croix, Switzerland
 * Villars-sous-Champvent	Villars-sous-Champvent VD Villars-sous-Champvent (VD)  Villars-sous-Champvent (Vaud)  Villars-sous-Champvent, Switzerland
 * Villars-sous-Yens	Villars-sous-Yens VD Villars-sous-Yens (VD)  Villars-sous-Yens (Vaud)  Villars-sous-Yens, Switzerland
 * Villars-sur-Glâne	Villars-sur-Glâne FR Villars-sur-Glâne (FR)  Villars-sur-Glâne (Fribourg)  Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
 * Villars-Tiercelin	Villars-Tiercelin VD Villars-Tiercelin (VD)  Villars-Tiercelin (Vaud)  Villars-Tiercelin, Switzerland
 * Villarvolard	Villarvolard FR Villarvolard (FR)  Villarvolard (Fribourg)  Villarvolard, Switzerland
 * Villarzel	Villarzel VD Villarzel (VD)  Villarzel (Vaud)  Villarzel, Switzerland
 * Villaz-Saint-Pierre	Villaz-Saint-Pierre FR Villaz-Saint-Pierre (FR)  Villaz-Saint-Pierre (Fribourg)  Villaz-Saint-Pierre, Switzerland
 * Villeneuve	Villeneuve FR Villeneuve (FR) Villeneuve (Fribourg) Villeneuve (Fribourg)  Villeneuve, Switzerland
 * Villeneuve	Villeneuve VD Villeneuve (VD) Villeneuve (Vaud) Villeneuve (Vaud)
 * Villeret	Villeret BE Villeret (BE)  Villeret, Bern  Villeret, Switzerland
 * Villette (Lavaux)	Villette (Lavaux) VD Villette (Lavaux) (VD)  Villette (Lavaux) (Vaud)  Villette (Lavaux), Switzerland
 * Villette	Villette VD Villette (VD)  Villette (Vaud)  Villette, Switzerland
 * Villiers	Villiers NE Villiers (NE)  Villiers (Neuenburg)  Villiers, Switzerland
 * Villigen	Villigen AG Villigen (AG)  Villigen (Aargau)  Villigen, Switzerland
 * Villmergen	Villmergen AG Villmergen (AG)  Villmergen (Aargau)  Villmergen, Switzerland
 * Villnachern	Villnachern AG Villnachern (AG)  Villnachern (Aargau)  Villnachern, Switzerland
 * Villorsonnens	Villorsonnens FR Villorsonnens (FR)  Villorsonnens (Fribourg)  Villorsonnens, Switzerland
 * Vilters-Wangs	Vilters-Wangs SG Vilters-Wangs (SG)  Vilters-Wangs (St. Gallen)  Vilters-Wangs, Switzerland
 * Vinelz	Vinelz BE Vinelz (BE)  Vinelz, Bern  Vinelz, Switzerland
 * Vinzel	Vinzel VD Vinzel (VD)  Vinzel (Vaud)  Vinzel, Switzerland
 * Vionnaz	Vionnaz VS Vionnaz (VS)  Vionnaz (Valais)  Vionnaz, Switzerland
 * Vira (Gambarogno)	Vira (Gambarogno) TI Vira (Gambarogno) (TI)  Vira (Gambarogno) (Ticino)  Vira (Gambarogno), Switzerland
 * Visp	Visp VS Visp (VS)  Visp (Valais)  Visp, Switzerland
 * Visperterminen	Visperterminen VS Visperterminen (VS)  Visperterminen (Valais)  Visperterminen, Switzerland
 * Vissoie	Vissoie VS Vissoie (VS)  Vissoie (Valais)  Vissoie, Switzerland
 * Vitznau	Vitznau LU Vitznau (LU)  Vitznau (Lucerne)  Vitznau, Switzerland
 * Vnà	Vnà GR Vnà (GR)  Vnà (Graubünden)  Vnà         , Switzerland
 * Vogorno	Vogorno TI Vogorno (TI)  Vogorno (Ticino)  Vogorno, Switzerland
 * Volken	Volken ZH Volken (ZH)  Volken (Zurich)  Volken, Switzerland
 * Volketswil	Volketswil ZH Volketswil (ZH)  Volketswil (Zurich)  Volketswil, Switzerland
 * Vollèges	Vollèges VS Vollèges (VS)  Vollèges (Valais)  Vollèges, Switzerland
 * Vordemwald	Vordemwald AG Vordemwald (AG)  Vordemwald (Aargau)  Vordemwald, Switzerland
 * Vorderthal	Vorderthal SZ Vorderthal (SZ)  Vorderthal (Schwyz)  Vorderthal, Switzerland
 * Vouvry	Vouvry VS Vouvry (VS)  Vouvry (Valais)  Vouvry, Switzerland
 * Vrin	Vrin GR Vrin (GR)  Vrin (Graubünden)  Vrin, Switzerland
 * Vuadens	Vuadens FR Vuadens (FR)  Vuadens (Fribourg)  Vuadens, Switzerland
 * Vuarmarens	Vuarmarens FR Vuarmarens (FR)  Vuarmarens (Fribourg)  Vuarmarens, Switzerland
 * Vuarrens	Vuarrens VD Vuarrens (VD)  Vuarrens (Vaud)  Vuarrens, Switzerland
 * Vucherens	Vucherens VD Vucherens (VD)  Vucherens (Vaud)  Vucherens, Switzerland
 * Vufflens-la-Ville	Vufflens-la-Ville VD Vufflens-la-Ville (VD)  Vufflens-la-Ville (Vaud)  Vufflens-la-Ville, Switzerland
 * Vufflens-le-Château	Vufflens-le-Château VD Vufflens-le-Château (VD)  Vufflens-le-Château (Vaud)  Vufflens-le-Château, Switzerland
 * Vugelles-La Mothe	Vugelles-La Mothe VD Vugelles-La Mothe (VD)  Vugelles-La Mothe (Vaud)  Vugelles-La Mothe, Switzerland
 * Vuibroye	Vuibroye VD Vuibroye (VD)  Vuibroye (Vaud)  Vuibroye, Switzerland
 * Vuissens	Vuissens FR Vuissens (FR)  Vuissens (Fribourg)  Vuissens, Switzerland
 * Vuisternens-devant-Romont	Vuisternens-devant-Romont FR Vuisternens-devant-Romont (FR)  Vuisternens-devant-Romont (Fribourg)  Vuisternens-devant-Romont, Switzerland
 * Vuisternens-en-Ogoz	Vuisternens-en-Ogoz FR Vuisternens-en-Ogoz (FR)  Vuisternens-en-Ogoz (Fribourg)  Vuisternens-en-Ogoz, Switzerland
 * Vuiteboeuf	Vuiteboeuf VD Vuiteboeuf (VD)  Vuiteboeuf (Vaud)  Vuiteboeuf, Switzerland
 * Vulliens	Vulliens VD Vulliens (VD)  Vulliens (Vaud)  Vulliens, Switzerland
 * Vullierens	Vullierens VD Vullierens (VD)  Vullierens (Vaud)  Vullierens, Switzerland

W

 * Wagenhausen	Wagenhausen TG Wagenhausen (TG)  Wagenhausen (Thurgau)  Wagenhausen, Switzerland
 * Wachseldorn	Wachseldorn BE Wachseldorn (BE)  Wachseldorn, Bern  Wachseldorn, Switzerland
 * Wädenswil	Wädenswil ZH Wädenswil (ZH)  Wädenswil (Zurich)  Wädenswil, Switzerland
 * Wahlen	Wahlen BL Wahlen (BL) Wahlen (Baselland) Wahlen (Basel-Landschaft) Wahlen, Switzerland
 * Wahlern	Wahlern BE Wahlern (BE)  Wahlern, Bern  Wahlern, Switzerland
 * Walchwil	Walchwil ZG Walchwil (ZG)  Walchwil (Zug)  Walchwil, Switzerland
 * Wald	Wald (Begriffsklärung)	Wald (Gemeinde)
 * Wald	Wald AR Wald (AR) Wald (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden) Wald, Switzerland
 * Wald	Wald ZH Wald (ZH) Wald (Zurich)
 * Wald	Wald BE Wald (BE) Wald, Bern
 * Waldenburg	Waldenburg BL Waldenburg (BL) Waldenburg (Baselland) Waldenburg (Basel-Landschaft) Waldenburg, Switzerland
 * Wäldi	Wäldi TG Wäldi (TG)  Wäldi (Thurgau)  Wäldi, Switzerland
 * Waldkirch	Waldkirch SG Waldkirch (SG)  Waldkirch (St. Gallen)  Waldkirch, Switzerland
 * Waldstatt	Waldstatt AR Waldstatt (AR)  Waldstatt (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden)  Waldstatt, Switzerland
 * Walenstadt	Walenstadt SG Walenstadt (SG)  Walenstadt (St. Gallen)  Walenstadt, Switzerland
 * Walkringen	Walkringen BE Walkringen (BE)  Walkringen, Bern  Walkringen, Switzerland
 * Wallbach	Wallbach AG Wallbach (AG)  Wallbach (Aargau)  Wallbach, Switzerland
 * Wallenried	Wallenried FR Wallenried (FR)  Wallenried (Fribourg)  Wallenried, Switzerland
 * Wallisellen	Wallisellen ZH Wallisellen (ZH)  Wallisellen (Zurich)  Wallisellen, Switzerland
 * Walliswil	Walliswil BE Walliswil (BE)  Walliswil, Bern  Walliswil, Switzerland
 * Walliswil bei Niederbipp Walliswil bei Niederbipp BE Walliswil bei Niederbipp (BE)  Walliswil bei Niederbipp, Bern  Walliswil bei Niederbipp, Switzerland
 * Walliswil bei Wangen Walliswil bei Wangen BE Walliswil bei Wangen (BE)  Walliswil bei Wangen, Bern  Walliswil bei Wangen, Switzerland
 * Walperswil	Walperswil BE Walperswil (BE)  Walperswil, Bern  Walperswil, Switzerland
 * Waltalingen	Waltalingen ZH Waltalingen (ZH)  Waltalingen (Zurich)  Waltalingen, Switzerland
 * Waltensburg/Vuorz	Waltensburg/Vuorz GR Waltensburg/Vuorz (GR)  Waltensburg/Vuorz (Graubünden)  Waltensburg/Vuorz, Switzerland
 * Waltensburg-Vuorz	Waltensburg-Vuorz GR Waltensburg-Vuorz (GR)  Waltensburg-Vuorz (Graubünden)  Waltensburg-Vuorz, Switzerland
 * Waltensburg	Waltensburg GR Waltensburg (GR)  Waltensburg (Graubünden)  Waltensburg, Switzerland
 * Vuorz	Vuorz GR Vuorz (GR)  Vuorz (Graubünden)  Vuorz, Switzerland
 * Waltenschwil	Waltenschwil AG Waltenschwil (AG)  Waltenschwil (Aargau)  Waltenschwil, Switzerland
 * Walterswil	Walterswil SO Walterswil (SO) Walterswil (Solothurn) Walterswil, Switzerland
 * Walterswil	Walterswil BE Walterswil (BE) Walterswil, Bern
 * Walzenhausen	Walzenhausen AR Walzenhausen (AR)  Walzenhausen (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden)  Walzenhausen, Switzerland
 * Wangen an der Aare	Wangen an der Aare BE Wangen an der Aare (BE)  Wangen an der Aare, Bern  Wangen an der Aare, Switzerland
 * Wangen bei Olten	Wangen bei Olten SO Wangen bei Olten (SO)  Wangen bei Olten (Solothurn)  Wangen bei Olten, Switzerland
 * Wangen-Brüttisellen	Wangen-Brüttisellen ZH Wangen-Brüttisellen (ZH)  Wangen-Brüttisellen (Zurich)  Wangen-Brüttisellen, Switzerland
 * Brüttisellen	Brüttisellen ZH Brüttisellen (ZH)  Brüttisellen (Zurich)  Brüttisellen, Switzerland
 * Wangen	Wangen SZ Wangen (SZ) Wangen (Schwyz) Wangen, Switzerland
 * Wangen	Wangen ZH Wangen (ZH) Wangen (Zurich)
 * Wangen	Wangen SO Wangen (SO) Wangen (Solothurn)
 * Wangenried	Wangenried BE Wangenried (BE)  Wangenried, Bern  Wangenried, Switzerland
 * Wängi	Wängi TG Wängi (TG)  Wängi (Thurgau)  Wängi, Switzerland
 * Wanzwil	Wanzwil BE Wanzwil (BE)  Wanzwil, Bern  Wanzwil, Switzerland
 * Wartau	Wartau SG Wartau (SG)  Wartau (St. Gallen)  Wartau, Switzerland
 * Warth-Weiningen	Warth-Weiningen TG Warth-Weiningen (TG)  Warth-Weiningen (Thurgau)  Warth-Weiningen, Switzerland
 * Warth	Warth TG Warth (TG)  Warth (Thurgau)  Warth, Switzerland
 * Wassen	Wassen UR Wassen (UR)  Wassen (Uri)  Wassen, Switzerland
 * Wasterkingen	Wasterkingen ZH Wasterkingen (ZH)  Wasterkingen (Zurich)  Wasterkingen, Switzerland
 * Wattenwil	Wattenwil BE Wattenwil (BE)  Wattenwil, Bern  Wattenwil, Switzerland
 * Wattwil	Wattwil SG Wattwil (SG)  Wattwil (St. Gallen)  Wattwil, Switzerland
 * Wauwil	Wauwil LU Wauwil (LU)  Wauwil (Lucerne)  Wauwil, Switzerland
 * Weesen	Weesen SG Weesen (SG)  Weesen (St. Gallen)  Weesen, Switzerland
 * Wegenstetten	Wegenstetten AG Wegenstetten (AG)  Wegenstetten (Aargau)  Wegenstetten, Switzerland
 * Weggis	Weggis LU Weggis (LU)  Weggis (Lucerne)  Weggis, Switzerland
 * Weiach	Weiach ZH Weiach (ZH)  Weiach (Zurich)  Weiach, Switzerland
 * Weinfelden	Weinfelden TG Weinfelden (TG)  Weinfelden (Thurgau)  Weinfelden, Switzerland
 * Weiningen	Weiningen ZH Weiningen (ZH) Weiningen (Zurich) Weiningen, Switzerland
 * Weiningen	Weiningen TG Weiningen (TG)  Weiningen (Thurgau)
 * Weisslingen	Weisslingen ZH Weisslingen (ZH)  Weisslingen (Zurich)  Weisslingen, Switzerland
 * Welschenrohr	Welschenrohr SO Welschenrohr (SO)  Welschenrohr (Solothurn)  Welschenrohr, Switzerland
 * Wengi	Wengi BE Wengi (BE)  Wengi, Bern  Wengi, Switzerland
 * Wenslingen	Wenslingen BL Wenslingen (BL)  Wenslingen (Baselland) Wenslingen (Basel-Landschaft) Wenslingen, Switzerland
 * Werthenstein	Werthenstein LU Werthenstein (LU)  Werthenstein (Lucerne)  Werthenstein, Switzerland
 * Wettingen	Wettingen AG Wettingen (AG)  Wettingen (Aargau)  Wettingen, Switzerland
 * Wettswil am Albis	Wettswil am Albis ZH Wettswil am Albis (ZH)  Wettswil am Albis (Zurich)  Wettswil am Albis, Switzerland
 * Wettswil	Wettswil ZH Wettswil (ZH)  Wettswil (Zurich)  Wettswil, Switzerland
 * Wetzikon	Wetzikon ZH Wetzikon (ZH) Wetzikon (Zurich) Wetzikon, Switzerland
 * Wichtrach	Wichtrach BE Wichtrach (BE)  Wichtrach, Bern  Wichtrach, Switzerland
 * Widen	Widen AG Widen (AG)  Widen (Aargau)  Widen, Switzerland
 * Widnau	Widnau SG Widnau (SG)  Widnau (St. Gallen)  Widnau, Switzerland
 * Wiedlisbach	Wiedlisbach BE Wiedlisbach (BE)  Wiedlisbach, Bern  Wiedlisbach, Switzerland
 * Wiesen	Wiesen GR Wiesen (GR) Wiesen (Graubünden) Wiesen, Switzerland
 * Wiesendangen	Wiesendangen ZH Wiesendangen (ZH)  Wiesendangen (Zurich)  Wiesendangen, Switzerland
 * Wiggiswil	Wiggiswil BE Wiggiswil (BE)  Wiggiswil, Bern  Wiggiswil, Switzerland
 * Wigoltingen	Wigoltingen TG Wigoltingen (TG)  Wigoltingen (Thurgau)  Wigoltingen, Switzerland
 * Wikon	Wikon LU Wikon (LU)  Wikon (Lucerne)  Wikon, Switzerland
 * Wil	Wil AG Wil (AG) Wil (Aargau)  Wil, Switzerland
 * Wil	Wil SG Wil (SG) Wil (St. Gallen)
 * Wil	Wil ZH Wil (ZH) Wil (Zurich)
 * Wila	Wila ZH Wila (ZH)  Wila (Zurich)  Wila, Switzerland
 * Wilchingen	Wilchingen SH Wilchingen (SH)  Wilchingen (Schaffhausen)  Wilchingen, Switzerland
 * Wildberg	Wildberg ZH Wildberg (ZH)  Wildberg (Zurich)  Wildberg, Switzerland
 * Wilderswil	Wilderswil BE Wilderswil (BE)  Wilderswil, Bern  Wilderswil, Switzerland
 * Wildhaus	Wildhaus SG Wildhaus (SG)  Wildhaus (St. Gallen)  Wildhaus, Switzerland
 * Wilen	Wilen TG Wilen (TG) Wilen (Thurgau) Wilen, Switzerland
 * Wilen bei Wil
 * Wiler (Lötschen)	Wiler (Lötschen) VS Wiler (Lötschen) (VS)  Wiler (Lötschen) (Valais)  Wiler (Lötschen), Switzerland
 * Wiler bei Utzenstorf	Wiler bei Utzenstorf BE Wiler bei Utzenstorf (BE)  Wiler bei Utzenstorf, Bern  Wiler bei Utzenstorf, Switzerland
 * Wiler	Wiler BE Wiler (BE)  Wiler, Bern  Wiler, Switzerland
 * Wiler	Wiler VS Wiler (VS)  Wiler (Valais)
 * Wileroltigen	Wileroltigen BE Wileroltigen (BE)  Wileroltigen, Bern  Wileroltigen, Switzerland
 * Wiliberg	Wiliberg AG Wiliberg (AG)  Wiliberg (Aargau)  Wiliberg, Switzerland
 * Wilihof	Wilihof LU Wilihof (LU)  Wilihof (Lucerne)  Wilihof, Switzerland
 * Willadingen	Willadingen BE Willadingen (BE)  Willadingen, Bern  Willadingen, Switzerland
 * Willisau Land	Willisau Land LU Willisau Land (LU)  Willisau Land (Lucerne)  Willisau Land, Switzerland
 * Willisau Stadt	Willisau Stadt LU Willisau Stadt (LU)  Willisau Stadt (Lucerne)  Willisau Stadt, Switzerland
 * Willisau Willisau LU Willisau (LU) Willisau (Lucerne) Willisau, Switzerland
 * Wimmis	Wimmis BE Wimmis (BE)  Wimmis, Bern  Wimmis, Switzerland
 * Windisch	Windisch AG Windisch (AG) Windisch (Aargau)  Windisch, Switzerland
 * Winikon	Winikon LU Winikon (LU)  Winikon (Lucerne)  Winikon, Switzerland
 * Winkel	Winkel ZH Winkel (ZH) Winkel (Zurich)  Winkel, Switzerland
 * Wintersingen	Wintersingen BL Wintersingen (BL)  Wintersingen (Baselland) Wintersingen (Basel-Landschaft) Wintersingen, Switzerland
 * Winterthur	Winterthur ZH Winterthur (ZH)  Winterthur (Zurich)  Winterthur, Switzerland
 * Winznau	Winznau SO Winznau (SO)  Winznau (Solothurn)  Winznau, Switzerland
 * Wisen	Wisen SO Wisen (SO) Wisen (Solothurn)  Wisen, Switzerland
 * Wislikofen	Wislikofen AG Wislikofen (AG)  Wislikofen (Aargau)  Wislikofen, Switzerland
 * Wittenbach	Wittenbach SG Wittenbach (SG)  Wittenbach (St. Gallen)  Wittenbach, Switzerland
 * Witterswil	Witterswil SO Witterswil (SO)  Witterswil (Solothurn)  Witterswil, Switzerland
 * Wittinsburg	Wittinsburg BL Wittinsburg (BL)  Wittinsburg (Baselland) Wittinsburg (Basel-Landschaft)  Wittinsburg, Switzerland
 * Wittnau	Wittnau AG Wittnau (AG)  Wittnau (Aargau)  Wittnau, Switzerland
 * Wohlen	Wohlen AG Wohlen (AG) Wohlen (Aargau) Wohlen, Switzerland
 * Wohlen bei Bern	Wohlen bei Bern BE Wohlen bei Bern (BE)  Wohlen bei Bern, Bern  Wohlen bei Bern, Switzerland
 * Wohlen	Wohlen BE Wohlen (BE)  Wohlen, Bern  Wohlen, Switzerland
 * Wohlenschwil	Wohlenschwil AG Wohlenschwil (AG)  Wohlenschwil (Aargau)  Wohlenschwil, Switzerland
 * Wolfenschiessen	Wolfenschiessen NW Wolfenschiessen (NW)  Wolfenschiessen (Nidwalden)  Wolfenschiessen, Switzerland
 * Wolfhalden	Wolfhalden AR Wolfhalden (AR)  Wolfhalden (Appenzell-Ausserrhoden)  Wolfhalden, Switzerland
 * Wolfisberg	Wolfisberg BE Wolfisberg (BE)  Wolfisberg, Bern  Wolfisberg, Switzerland
 * Wölflinswil	Wölflinswil AG Wölflinswil (AG)  Wölflinswil (Aargau)  Wölflinswil, Switzerland
 * Wolfwil	Wolfwil SO Wolfwil (SO)  Wolfwil (Solothurn)  Wolfwil, Switzerland
 * Wolhusen	Wolhusen LU Wolhusen (LU)  Wolhusen (Lucerne)  Wolhusen, Switzerland
 * Wollerau	Wollerau SZ Wollerau (SZ)  Wollerau (Schwyz)  Wollerau, Switzerland
 * Worb	Worb BE Worb (BE)  Worb, Bern  Worb, Switzerland
 * Worben	Worben BE Worben (BE)  Worben, Bern  Worben, Switzerland
 * Wünnewil-Flamatt	Wünnewil-Flamatt FR Wünnewil-Flamatt (FR)  Wünnewil-Flamatt (Fribourg)  Wünnewil-Flamatt, Switzerland
 * Wünnewil	Wünnewil FR Wünnewil (FR)  Wünnewil (Fribourg)  Wünnewil, Switzerland
 * Flamatt	Flamatt FR Flamatt (FR)  Flamatt (Fribourg)  Flamatt, Switzerland
 * Wuppenau	Wuppenau TG Wuppenau (TG)  Wuppenau (Thurgau)  Wuppenau, Switzerland
 * Würenlingen	Würenlingen AG Würenlingen (AG)  Würenlingen (Aargau)  Würenlingen, Switzerland
 * Würenlos	Würenlos AG Würenlos (AG)  Würenlos (Aargau)  Würenlos, Switzerland
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Y

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text:
Talk:Adrenoleukodystrophy

Needs to be updated. The treatment is now approved

note
I'd like to suggest that some material be added to this article so that the average person can better understand ALD. The article is technically perfect but it needs to be more user friendly so that the average person can carry away some understanding after reading it. I don't want to edit it myself but I'll make these suggestions for making the article more reader friendly & useful. - ALD is a condition affecting boys that triggers a build-up of saturated, very long-chain fatty acids in the brain. The myelin sheath, a protective coating on nerve cells that allows electrical impulses to flow normally from cell to cell, is destroyed. These fatty acids can be identified in the blood at birth. The more severe form of ALD causes brain damage that totally disables a boy within two years...

Dr. Hugo W. Moser, director of neurogenetics at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and professor of neurology and pediatrics at Hopkins, began offering "Lorenzo's oil" to patients and began research to see whether it worked. In 1989, he set out to identify infants and toddlers with the genetic defect, finding 89 patients. He gave them the treatment oil in conjunction with moderate low-fat diet. The severe form of the disease was stalled, according to a study in the latest issue of the Archives of Neurology.

As of this year, 66 of the 89 boys remain well. Twenty-one others showed abnormalities on a brain scan and 10 had neurological symptoms. "We've shown it has a preventative effect," said Moser. "It's very exciting."

There is an adult form of ALD that is less severe but quite disabling. It is often mistaken for multiple sclerosis. Both men and women can have the adult form of ALD. ALD affects one in 17,000 people. In the U.S., there are about 12,000 to 16,000 patients with ALD. Half have the severe form. -
 * I agree that the article needs to be adapted somewhat for the lay readership. I'd like to avoid all the credentials of the authors of the study. Generally, this distracts from the actual findings, as people tend to home in on a scientist's credentials.
 * Of course Lorenzo's Oil needs mentioning (perhaps even the Phil Collins song). JFW | T@lk  16:52, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

-
 * Would you (or anyone else) mind editing? With any luck at least a few parents will find in a revised article enough useful information to correctly identify the symptoms in their own sons and begin the treatment, saving the affected families from the inevitably tragedy.  Knowledge for its own sake isn't enough at Wikepedia, IMO.  To that end I think the article's section on symptoms should extended with a plain English explanation of the symptoms, viz. behavioral changes such as abnormal withdrawal or aggression, poor memory, and poor school performance. Other symptoms include visual loss, learning disabilities, seizures, poorly articulated speech, difficulty swallowing, deafness, disturbances of gait and coordination, fatigue, intermittent vomiting, increased skin pigmentation, and progressive dementia. (I updated one reference link and added another, by the way.)

-

Can someone explain the relationship (if any exists) between Acyl-CoA and disrupted peroxisome membrane transport protein ABCD1? I've come to understand that ALD patients lack Acyl-CoA function, and have a mutated ALD gene, resulting in irregular ABCD1 function. Is there a well established connection?

 * How strong do you want it? The linkage is strong, but the mechanism is unclear, see . JFW | T@lk  14:21, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

JAMA
This was reviewed in a JAMA update. JFW | T@lk  00:50, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Females and ALD
I changed the page back from "always male" to "typically male" because there are reports that heterozygotes can show symptoms:
 * "Not only men are affected: in the early 1980s it was shown that female carriers are at risk for developing neurological deficits as well"

Cocaine
I have removed the references to cocaine which were entirely unsourced and unsupported by medical science. I have also removed the hurtful reference to Lorenzo's death. This surely violates Wiki principles on mention of living people. I hope whoever put it in feels ashamed of themselves for the upset this has caused to his family. He is alive and living in Fairfax Virginia. Edwardlucas 17:52, 21 July 2007 (UTC)
 * see also as reference for Lorenzo being alive today. Felsir 20:49, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Discussion of bulk of text
I moved this bulk of text seen below in italics to this place, because it needs discussion before being returned to the main article.

First, I have to say that it seems completely correct, and well written as well. However, it wasn't really merged with the rest of the text of the article, but rather dumped into it. Wikipedia appreciates contributions, but they need to fit the rest of the text too to be more fluent. Besides, such a way of entrying it gives the suspicion that a copyvio has been done. In fact, the text is completely unreferenced. In this case, such a reference is needed, also because this i is a matter which is hard to form a consensus of. You can not by a majority vote decide whether adrenoleukodystrophy might be caused by the plasma membrane becoming more water-soluble or not. In short, a reference is needed, both for the risk of copyvio and for scrutiny of the information itself. ids correspond to high low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, which contribute to increased blood cholesterol and plague development within blood vessel endothelium. Due to VLCSFAs’ straight configuration, these molecules are capable of solubilization and insertion into the lipophilic myelin sheath. Interactions between these entities may instill a water soluble quality upon the myelin, leading to slow degeneration and separation from the neuronal axon. VLCSFA concentrate within the myelin sheath may also initiate immunological response, in which destruction of the myelin may result. Endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of saturated fatty acids involves the linkage of short fatty acid and two carbon unit combinations. VLCSFAs are thereby degraded by means of peroxisomal β oxidation, which entails the removal of two carbon units from the fatty acid. Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) CoA synthase is actively involved in catalyzing fatty acid hydrolytic and condensation reactions, therefore serving as an invaluable entity in fatty acid metabolism. In ALD, malfunctional transport proteins, classified within the ATP-binding cassette transport family, fail to properly transport VLCFA-CoA synthase across the peroxisomal plasma membrane, leading to enzymatic deficiency. A single enzyme was discovered to produce both unsaturated fatty acids, as well as VLCSFA. Lorenzo’s Oil employs a combination of unsaturated fatty acids called oleic acid and erucic acid. These macromolecules competitively inhibit the VLCSFA-enzyme association, thereby preventing saturated fatty acid production. Primarily, oleic acid was utilized and found effective in lowering VLCSFA blood levels, but was not sufficient in normalizing these concentrations. Erucic acid served to advance this compound’s pharmacological effect due to a more lengthy composition. ''ALD is a sex-linked disorder involving the expression of a lethal X-linked recessive allele. A chromosomal mutation codes for a nonfunctional VLCFA-CoA synthase transport protein, leading to defective enzymatic reactivity. The mother lacks the disease due to a present dominant allele that masks the phenotypic activity of the afflicted allele. A father contributes a Y chromosome that lacks the capability to dominate the mother’s abnormal recessive alleles. Lorenzo’s Oil has proven effective in the temporary or complete suppression of ALD, yet requires pre-symptomatic administration. Perhaps, further improvements in medicinal development may promote better treatment and diagnostic testing.''

Minor Critique
Under the Symptoms section, one sentence reads: The most severe type is the childhood cerebral form for most likely the male, which normally occurs between the ages of 4 and 10 and is characterized by failure to develop, seizures, ataxia, adrenal insufficiency, as well as degeneration of visual and auditory function.

The sentence is a little oddly worded. Failure to develop what, exactly? It could also be misconstrued as saying the individual who had this disorder has a failure to develop seizures, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.67.115.63 (talk) 18:50, 31 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. If it were up to me, I'd replace the section on Lorenzo Odone with one on Hugo Moser.  The usefulness of Lorenzo's oil, if any, remains to be proven, which is why studies are still being done. Pustelnik (talk) 01:09, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Concerns regarding article quality
It must be noted how, despite the profusion of descriptions of mechanisms of action and symptoms, there are very few good sources. I must also call into question the overall quality of the English in this article - especially in a few sections such as this one:

 * ===Cause===

 * Slowly by stripping the myelin sheath (a protective sheath on your nerves in your brain) :the affected person would slowly begin to loose body function and eventually will not be :able to talk. There is a over load of long chain fatty acids that ones body cannot :dispose of. This does not follow the basic unit of life. (Everything one takes in must :be able to be disposed of as waste) This over load of fatty acids will build up in your :brain and that is what strips the Myelin Sheath.

Note the complete lack of citations where needed, unlinked text, questionable use of English and the direct derivation from the movie Lorenzo's Oil (an unreliable source, to say the least). There are several more examples dotted throughout the article.

Finally, I would like to suggest that the "summary" be split up and merged with the various sections in the body - as is, it is comparable in length of the article itself. --83.183.127.178 (talk) 02:28, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Did Dr. Hugo Moser's test for early detection of ALD prove successful?
According to a Washington Post article:

Dr. Hugo Moser developed a test for early detection of ALD. The article says that he died before his test could be validated and that the specimens for the test were very rare and great pains were being taken to make the test as accurate as possible since no more specimens were available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Benvhoff (talk • contribs) 23:49, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Questions on Dietary Therapy
Just working with a 1st semester Biochemistry background, I have to question the lack of focus on the carbohydrate and hydrogenated fat aspects. It has been long known from what is called the "Soft Pork Problem" that feeding a high-carbohydrate diet of corn to hogs made for hard fat (highly saturated, long chain fats) rather than soft fat that came from feeding peanuts to the hogs. Fructose is a major sugar in corn, so elimination of that from the diet should be key. Excess carbohydrates in general are going to be stored as fat. It is also known that the nature of fats(melting point evidence) stored in the body of animals can be changed with a change in type of fats ingested. Hydrogenated vegetable oils are already solid when they enter the body, so they would add a long chain saturated fat burden to the problem. Source of "Soft Pork Problem" is Biochemistry 8th edition (1970) by Orten and Neuhaus, page 322. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.78.56.88 (talk) 21:07, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

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text:
Irving Mills

Irving Harold Mills (born Isadore Minsky; January 18, 1894 Odessa, Ukraine – April 21, 1985) was an music publisher, musician, lyricist, and jazz promoter. He often used the pseudonyms Goody Goodwin and Joe Primrose.

Personal life
Mills was born to a Jewish family in Odessa, Russian Empire, although some biographies state that he was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. His father, Hyman Minsky, was a hatmaker who immigrated from Odessa to the United States with his wife Sofia (née Dudis). Hyman died in 1905, and Irving and his brother, Jacob (1891–1979) worked odd jobs including bussing at restaurants, selling wallpaper, and working in the garment industry. By 1910, Mills was a telephone operator.

Mills married Beatrice ("Bessie") Wilensky in 1911, and they subsequently moved to Philadelphia. By 1918, Mills was working for publisher Leo Feist. His brother, [[Jack Mills (music publisher)
 * Jack]], was working as a manager for McCarthy and Fisher, the music publishing firm of lyricist Joseph McCarthy and songwriter Fred Fisher.

He died in Palm Springs, California in 1985 at age 91.

Mills Music
In July 1919 Irving's older brother Jack Mills founded Jack Mills Music; mainly motivated to do so out of a desire to publish his own songs. Soon after, he was joined in the enterprise by Irving Mills who served as vice-president of the company  with Jack as president, and Samuel Jesse Buzzell as secretary and counselor. The company was renamed Mills Music, Inc. in 1928. Mills Music acquired the bankrupt Waterson, Berlin & Snyder, Inc. in 1929. Buzzell's son, Loring Buzzell, briefly worked for the company from March 1949 to October 1950.

Irving, Jack, and Samuel sold Mills Music on February 25, 1965, to Utilities and Industries Corporation (a utility company based in New York). In 1969, Utilities and Industries Corporation merged Mills Music with Belwin, another music publisher, to form Belwin-Mills. Educational publisher Esquire Inc. announced its acquisition of Belwin-Mills in 1979. Gulf & Western acquired Esquire Inc. in 1983 and sold the Belwin-Mills print business to Columbia Pictures Publications (CPP) in 1985. CPP was later acquired by Filmtrax and Filmtrax was acquired by EMI Music Publishing in 1990. The Mills Music catalog is now managed by Sony Music Publishing, which acquired EMI Music Publishing in 2012.

The Mills Music Trust
Utilities and Industries Corporation restructured Mills Music as The Mills Music Trust. At the time of the sale, its top 10 earning compositions were:

 * 1) "Stardust"
 * 2) "When You're Smiling"
 * 3) "The Syncopated Clock"
 * 4) "Moonglow"
 * 5) "Sleigh Ride"
 * 6) "I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby"
 * 7) "Caravan"
 * 8) "Blue Tango"
 * 9) "Mood Indigo"
 * 10) "Who's Sorry Now?"

By the end of 1963, 114 titles brought in 77 percent of the royalty income for five years. The total number of compositions, at the time of sale, was estimated to be in excess of 25,000, of which 1,500 were still producing royalties. In 1964, Mills had royalties of $1.3 million. The company had 20 music publishing subsidiaries as well as publishing concerns in Britain, Brazil, Canada, France, West Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain.

Structure
The Mills Music Trust traded in units OTC (over-the-counter) under the symbol MMTRS. The trust received payments from EMI Records based on a formula that changed in 2010, when the trust passed almost all its funds to unit holders.

Collaborations
Mills discovered a number of songwriters, including Zez Confrey, Sammy Fain, Harry Barris, Gene Austin, Hoagy Carmichael, Jimmy McHugh, and Dorothy Fields. He advanced or even started the careers of Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Ben Pollack, Jack Teagarden, Benny Goodman, Will Hudson, and Raymond Scott.

Mills started the studio recording group Irving Mills and his Hotsy Totsy Gang with Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, Joe Venuti, Eddie Lang, Arnold Brillhardt (clarinet, soprano and alto sax), Arthur Schutt, and Mannie Klein. Other variations of his band featured Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, and Red Nichols (Mills gave Red Nichols the tag "and his Five Pennies.")

In 1932, Mills founded the Rhythmakers recording group as a vehicle to record and promote jazz singer Billy Banks. The group was a racially integrated ensemble at a time when such groups were legally banned from public theatres, and it included several highly regarded jazz musicians, including Red Allen, Jack Bland, Pee Wee Russell, Fats Waller, Eddie Condon, and Jimmy Lord.

Duke Ellington
One evening circa 1925, Mills went to a small club on West 49th Street between 7th Avenue and Broadway called the Club Kentucky, often referred to as the Kentucky Club, formerly the Hollywood Club. The owner had brought in a small band of six musicians from Washington, D.C., and wanted to know what Mills thought of them. Mills stayed the rest of the evening listening to the band, Duke Ellington and his Kentucky Club Orchestra. Apparently, Mills signed Ellington the next day. They made numerous records together, not only under the name of Duke Ellington, but also using groups that incorporated Duke's sidemen.

Mills managed Ellington from 1926 to 1939. In his contract with Ellington, Mills owned 50% of Duke Ellington Inc. and thus got a credit for tunes that became popular standards: "Mood Indigo", "(In My) Solitude", "It Don't Mean A Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)", "Sophisticated Lady", and others. He also pushed Ellington to record for Victor, Brunswick, Columbia, Banner, Romeo, Perfect, Melotone, Cameo, Lincoln, Hit of the Week Records, and others. Mills sometimes used a ghostwriter to complete his lyric ideas and sometimes built on their ideas. He was instrumental in Duke Ellington being hired by the Cotton Club.

Mills was one of the first to record black and white musicians together, using twelve white musicians and the Duke Ellington Orchestra on a 12-inch 78 rpm record featuring the "St. Louis Blues" on one side and a medley of songs called "Gems from Blackbirds of 1928" on the other, on which Mills sang with the Ellington Orchestra. Victor Records initially hesitated to release the record, but when Mills threatened to take his artists off their roster, he won out.

Mills formed the Mills Blue Rhythm Band as a relief band at the Cotton Club. Cab Calloway and his band brought a new song into the Cotton Club that Mills co-wrote with Calloway and Clarence Gaskill called "Minnie the Moocher".

Band within a band concept
One of Mills' most significant innovations was the "band within a band" concept, recording small group sides. He started this in 1928 by arranging for members of Ben Pollack's band to make records under an array of pseudonyms on dime store labels — like Banner, Oriole, Cameo, Domino, and Perfect — while Pollack had an exclusive contract with Victor. A number of these records are considered jazz classics by collectors. Mills printed "small orchestrations," transcribed off the record, so that non-professional musicians could see how great solos were constructed. This was later done by Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and several other bands.

Booking company
Irving formed the Mills Artists Booking Company. In 1934, he formed an all-female orchestra, headed by Ina Ray. He added Hutton to her name and it became the popular Ina Ray Hutton and her Orchestra.

Music publishing
In 1934, Mills Music also began a publishing subsidiary, Exclusive Publications, Inc., specializing in orchestrations by songwriters like Will Hudson, who co-wrote the song "Mr. Ghost Goes to Town" with Mills and Mitchell Parish in 1936.

Record labels
In late 1936, with involvement by Herbert Yates of the American Record Corporation (ARC), Mills founded the Master and Variety labels, which were distributed by ARC through their Brunswick and Vocalion label sales staff. (Mills was previously involved in A&R for Columbia in 1934–36, after ARC purchased the failing label.) Irving signed Helen Oakley Dance to supervise small group records for the Variety label. From December 1936 through to September 1937, 40 records were issued on Master and 170 on Variety. Master's best-selling artists were Duke Ellington, Raymond Scott, Hudson-De Lange Orchestra, Casper Reardon, and Adrian Rollini. Variety's roster included Cab Calloway, Red Nichols, the small groups from Ellington's band led by Barney Bigard, Cootie Williams, Rex Stewart, and Johnny Hodges, as well as Noble Sissle, Frankie Newton, The Three Peppers, Chu Berry, Billy Kyle, and other jazz and pop performers around New York.

By late 1937, multiple problems caused the collapse of these labels. The Brunswick and Vocalion sales also had problems with competition from Victor and Decca. Mills tried to arrange to get his music issued in Europe, but was unsuccessful. After the collapse of the labels, titles that were still selling on Master were reissued on Brunswick and those still selling on Variety were reissued on Vocalion. Mills continued his M-100 recording series after the labels were taken over by ARC, and after cutting back recording to just the better-selling artists, new recordings made from January 1938 by Master were issued on Brunswick (and later Columbia) and Vocalion (later the revived Okeh) until May 7, 1940. Beginning March 8, 1939, in an Ellington session, the prefix "W" was added to matrices (e.g., WM-990 and WM-991). This matrix series was then used until WM-1150, the final being a session by the Adrian Rollini Trio performing "The Girl With the Light Blue Hair," Voc/Okeh 5979, May 7, 1940, New York City. There were 1,055 sessions in the series.

Mills became the head of the American Recording Company, which is now Columbia Records. At one point, Mills was singing at six radio stations seven days a week. Jimmy McHugh, Sammy Fain, and Gene Austin took turns being his pianist.

Filmography
He produced one film, Stormy Weather, for 20th Century Fox in 1943, which starred Lena Horne, Cab Calloway, Zutty Singleton, Fats Waller, and dancers the Nicholas Brothers and Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. He had a contract to do other movies but found it "too slow," so he continued finding, recording, and plugging music.

Selected recording artists
Among the artists Mills personally recorded were:

 * Irving Aaronson and his Commanders
 * Vic Berton's Orchestra
 * Billy Banks Orchestra
 * Cab Calloway Orchestra
 * Chocolate Dandies
 * Duke Ellington and his Orchestra
 * Frank Froeba Orchestra
 * Sonny Greer and his Memphis Men
 * Ina Ray Hutton and Her Melodears
 * Jimmie Lunceford
 * Wingy Manone Orchestra
 * Red McKenzie
 * Red Nichols & His Five Pennies
 * Louis Prima Orchestra
 * Chuck Richards
 * Joe Venuti
 * Will Hudson –Eddie DeLange Orchestra
 * Lud Gluskin Orchestra
 * Red Norvo & His Swing Septet
 * Rex Stewart Orchestra
 * Benny Carter Orchestra
 * Buster Bailey Orchestra
 * Joe Haymes Orchestra
 * Mannie Klein Orchestra

title: Irving Mills


text: User talk:84.12.182.175

title: User talk:84.12.182.175


text:
User talk:Yngtchie Blacksteen

Yngtchie Blacksteen, that's me.

title: User talk:Yngtchie Blacksteen


text:
Calcium signaling

Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca2+ is important for cellular signalling, for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins. Ca2+ can act in signal transduction resulting from activation of ion channels or as a second messenger caused by indirect signal transduction pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors.

Concentration regulation
The resting concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is normally maintained around 100 nM. This is 20,000- to 100,000-fold lower than typical extracellular concentration. To maintain this low concentration, Ca2+ is actively pumped from the cytosol to the extracellular space, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and sometimes into the mitochondria. Certain proteins of the cytoplasm and organelles act as buffers by binding Ca2+. Signaling occurs when the cell is stimulated to release Ca2+ ions from intracellular stores, and/or when Ca2+ enters the cell through plasma membrane ion channels. Under certain conditions, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration may begin to oscillate at a specific frequency.

Phospholipase C pathway
Specific signals can trigger a sudden increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels to 500–1,000 nM by opening channels in the ER or the plasma membrane. The most common signaling pathway that increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration is the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway.

 * 1) Many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases, activate the PLC enzyme.
 * 2) PLC uses hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid PIP2 to form IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG), two classic secondary messengers.
 * 3) DAG attaches to the plasma membrane and recruits protein kinase C (PKC).
 * 4) IP3 diffuses to the ER and is bound to the IP3 receptor.
 * 5) The IP3 receptor serves as a Ca2+ channel, and releases Ca2+ from the ER.
 * 6) The Ca2+ bind to PKC and other proteins and activate them.

Depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum
Depletion of Ca2+ from the ER will lead to Ca2+ entry from outside the cell by activation of "Store-Operated Channels" (SOCs). This inflow of Ca2+ is referred to as Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ current (ICRAC). The mechanisms through which ICRAC occurs are currently still under investigation. Although Orai1 and STIM1, have been linked by several studies, for a proposed model of store-operated calcium influx. Recent studies have cited the phospholipase A2 beta, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), and the protein STIM 1 as possible mediators of ICRAC.

As a second messenger
Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger with wide-ranging physiological roles. These include muscle contraction, neuronal transmission (as in an excitatory synapse), cellular motility (including the movement of flagella and cilia), fertilization, cell growth (proliferation), neurogenesis, learning and memory as with synaptic plasticity, and secretion of saliva. High levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ can also cause the cell to undergo apoptosis. Other biochemical roles of calcium include regulating enzyme activity, permeability of ion channels, activity of ion pumps, and components of the cytoskeleton.

Many of Ca2+ mediated events occur when the released Ca2+ binds to and activates the regulatory protein calmodulin. Calmodulin may activate the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, or may act directly on other effector proteins. Besides calmodulin, there are many other Ca2+-binding proteins that mediate the biological effects of Ca2+.

In muscle contractions
Contractions of skeletal muscle fiber are caused due to electrical stimulation. This process is caused by the depolarization of the transverse tubular junctions. Once depolarized the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) releases Ca2+ into the myoplasm where it will bind to a number of calcium sensitive buffers. The Ca2+ in the myoplasm will diffuse to Ca2+ regulator sites on the thin filaments. This leads to the actual contraction of the muscle.

Contractions of smooth muscle fiber are dependent on how a Ca2+ influx occurs. When a Ca2+ influx occurs, cross bridges form between myosin and actin leading to the contraction of the muscle fibers. Influxes may occur from extracellular Ca2+ diffusion via ion channels. This can lead to three different results. The first is a uniform increase in the Ca2+ concentration throughout the cell. This is responsible for increases in vascular diameters. The second is a rapid time dependent change in the membrane potential which leads to a very quick and uniform increase of Ca2+. This can cause a spontaneous release of neurotransmitters via sympathetic or parasympathetic nerve channels. The last potential result is a specific and localized subplasmalemmal Ca2+ release. This type of release increases the activation of protein kinase, and is seen in cardiac muscle where it causes excitation-concentration coupling. Ca2+ may also result from internal stores found in the SR. This release may be caused by Ryaodine (RYRs) or IP3 receptors. RYRs Ca2+ release is spontaneous and localized. This has been observed in a number of smooth muscle tissues including arteries, portal vein, urinary bladder, ureter tissues, airway tissues, and gastrointestinal tissues. IP3 Ca2+ release is caused by activation of the IP3 receptor on the SR. These influxes are often spontaneous and localized as seen in the colon and portal vein, but may lead to a global Ca2+ wave as observed in many vascular tissues.

In neurons
In neurons, concomitant increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ are important for the synchronization of neuronal electrical activity with mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ levels can reach the tens of μM levels that are necessary for the activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is one of the key regulatory enzymes of the Krebs cycle.

The ER, in neurons, may serve in a network integrating numerous extracellular and intracellular signals in a binary membrane system with the plasma membrane. Such an association with the plasma membrane creates the relatively new perception of the ER and theme of "a neuron within a neuron." The ER's structural characteristics, ability to act as a Ca2+ sink, and specific Ca2+ releasing proteins, serve to create a system that may produce regenerative waves of Ca2+ release. These may communicate both locally and globally in the cell. These Ca2+ signals integrate extracellular and intracellular fluxes, and have been implicated to play roles in synaptic plasticity, memory, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and long term changes at the gene transcription level. ER stress is also related to Ca2+ signaling and along with the unfolded protein response, can cause ER associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy.

Astrocytes have a direct relationship with neurons through them releasing gliotransmitters. These transmitters allow communication between neurons and are triggered by calcium levels increasing around astrocytes from inside stores. This increase in calcium can also be caused by other neurotransmitters. Some examples of gliotransmitters are ATP and glutamate. Activation of these neurons will lead to an increase in the concentration of calcium in the cytosol from 100 nanomolar to 1 micromolar.

In fertilization
Ca2+ influx during fertilization has been observed in many species as a trigger for development of the oocyte. These influxes may occur as a single increase in concentration as seen with fish and echinoderms, or may occur with the concentrations oscillating as observed in mammals. The triggers to these Ca2+ influxes may differ. The influx have been observed to occur via membrane Ca2+ conduits and Ca2+ stores in the sperm. It has also been seen that sperm binds to membrane receptors that lead to a release in Ca2+ from the ER. The sperm has also been observed to release a soluble factor that is specific to that species. This prevents cross species fertilization to occur. These soluble factors lead to activation of IP3 which causes a Ca2+ release from the ER via IP3 receptors. It has also been seen that some model systems mix these methods such as seen with mammals. Once the Ca2+ is released from the ER the egg starts the process of forming a fused pronucleus and the restart of the mitotic cell cycle. Ca2+ release is also responsible for the activation of NAD+ kinase which leads to membrane biosynthesis, and the exocytosis of the oocytes cortical granules which leads to the formation of the hyaline layer allowing for the slow block to polyspermy.

title: Calcium signaling


text:
User:Yngtchie Blacksteen

Harmony Central forumite, moniker has been active since early August 2003.

title: User:Yngtchie Blacksteen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Submitshop

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 07:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Submitshop
Delete Not noteworthy & blatant commercial article Lomedae 15:30, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. Naturenet | Talk 16:31, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ewww, icky. Delete per Lomedae.  Dcarrano 01:36, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Tuckerman Brewing Company

Tuckerman Brewing Company is a brewery in Conway, New Hampshire, USA. Named after the nearby Tuckerman Ravine, the brewery currently produces three year round beers, the self-named pale ale, an Altbier, and the 6288 Stout. A portion of the proceeds from the sale of the stout go to support the Mount Washington Observatory, which sits 6288 ft above sea level on Mount Washington.

title: Tuckerman Brewing Company


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Heavens-Above

Heavens-Above is a non-profit website developed and maintained by Chris Peat as Heavens-Above GmbH. The web site is dedicated to helping people observe and track satellites orbiting the Earth without the need for optical equipment such as binoculars or telescopes. It provides detailed star charts showing the trajectory of the satellites against the background of the stars as seen during a pass. Special attention is paid to the ISS, Starlink satellites, and others. Space Shuttle missions were tracked until the program was retired in July 2011 and Iridium flares were also tracked until the program was retired in May 2018. The website also offers information on currently visible comets, asteroids, planet details, and other miscellaneous information. Sky & Telescope magazine described Heavens-Above as "the most popular website for tracking satellites."

Users click on a map of the world to set their viewing location. Lists of objects, their brightness and the time and direction to look to see those objects are given. Space stations, rockets, satellites, space junk as well as Sun, Moon, and planetary data are given.

The authors also offer a freeware mobile app that shows similar information for the user's location.

title: Heavens-Above


text:
Talk:Calcium signaling

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 13 January 2020 and 6 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gregory Aldrich.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:31, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Haze2332.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:32, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
copyvio from the book indicated?

Expansion Topics
These are some of topics needed for expansion:
 * Calcium signaling through ion channels
 * Calcium signaling through GPCRs
 * Phospholipase C pathway
 * others

 * calcium role in exocytosis
 * synaptogamin

 * Calcium as a signal for necrosis
 * Calciums role at the neuromuscular junction
 * Intracellular role of calcium in allosteric regulation
 * protein kinase A activation
 * troponin
 * calmodulin
 * Ca/calmodulin kinase II
 * calcineurin
 * CREB

 * role in Long term potentiation

They may not have to be full accounts; a brief explanation with a link to the main article may suffice. I may attempt an expansion in summer if it still needs doing then.

Snellios (talk) 17:56, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Perspective of an Ignorant Reader
I came onto this page for a definition of "Calcium Signaling." Instead, the article begins by using the term "calcium signaling" to define another highly technical term, which is marginally worse than the proverbial "defining a word by using it in its definition." The article never gets around to actually defining "calcium signaling," at least to the extent I read. OK, to confess, I gave up at the beginning because the article did not begin with a definition of "calcium signaling," and when it immediately got very technical, I didn't peruse any further to see if the definition might be provided later. I felt forced to give up. Nei1 (talk) 13:25, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

Examples
Perhaps more examples will demonstrate the importance of Ca2+ signalling. Gregory Aldrich (talk) 19:16, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

Interesting connections
I thought it was really interesting how so many systems change function depending on the calcium concentration.Gd1220061 (talk) 02:57, 13 April 2023 (UTC) Gd1220061 (talk) 02:56, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: CHEM 378 - Biochemistry Lab - spring 2023
— Assignment last updated by Bubbstar (talk) 20:10, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Calcium signaling


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Talk:J.R Jayawardene

same subject as Junius Richard Jayewardene

title: Talk:J.R Jayawardene


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Ruqayya bint Muhammad

Ruqayya bint Muhammad (رقية بنت محمد; c. 601–March 624) was the second eldest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadija. She married the third caliph Uthman and the couple had a 2 sons Fadl ibn Uthman Abd Allah. In 624, Ruqayya died from an illness.

Early life
Born in Mecca around 601 or 602 CE, Ruqayya was the 3rd child and the second daughter of Muhammad and Khadija, his first wife, who was also a successful merchant.

Marriage with Utbah
She was married before August 610 to Utbah ibn Abi Lahab, but the marriage was never consummated. Ruqayya became a Muslim when her mother did. When Muhammad began to preach openly in 613, the Quraysh reminded Muhammad that they had "relieved him of his care for his daughters" and decided to return them so that he would have to support them at his own expense. They told Utbah that they would give him "the daughter of Aban ibn Sa'id ibn Al-As or the daughter of Sa'id ibn Al-As" if he divorced Ruqayya. After Muhammad warned Abū Lahab that he would go to Hell, Abu Lahab said he would never speak to his son again unless he divorced Ruqayya, which Utbah accordingly did.

Marriage with Uthman
By 615 Ruqayya was married to a prominent Muslim, Uthman ibn Affan. She accompanied him on the first Migration to Abyssinia, where she suffered a miscarriage. They returned to Abyssinia in 616, and there Ruqayya gave birth to a son, Abdullah in 619. Abd Allah died when he was six years old in Medina. She had no further children.

Uthman and Ruqayya were among those who returned to Mecca in 619. Uthman emigrated to Medina in 622, and Ruqayya followed him later.

When Usama ibn Zayd was sent on an errand to their house, he found himself staring at her and at Uthman in turns. Muhammad asked Usama, "Have you ever seen a more handsome couple than those two?" and he agreed that he had not.

Death
Ruqayya fell ill in March 624. Uthman was excused from his military duties in order to nurse her. She died later in the month, on the day when Zayd ibn Haritha returned to Medina with news of their victory at the Battle of Badr - 17th Ramadan. When Muhammad returned to Medina after the battle, the family went to grieve at her grave.

title: Ruqayya bint Muhammad


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Contemplative Images

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 07:12, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Contemplative Images
Vanity/advert page for a non-notable film "company." 28 google hits for "Contemplative Images" + film company, and the only two relevant ones are, you guessed it, the W'pedia article and the Deadend page. Their "website" is a forum with 24 members. Article created by an editor whose only contribution was to create this page. No significant editing since its creation in April. Delete. Soundguy99 15:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Slac 16:36, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Soundguy99. Dcarrano 01:35, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable self promotion. JamesBurns 04:58, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete BAxelrod July 13 2005
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Velocity Girl (album)

Velocity Girl EP is the compilation of singles by Velocity Girl, released in April 1993. "Not at All" and both versions of "I Don't Care if You Go" were sung by Bridget Cross. Sarah Shannon is lead vocal on "Forgotten Favorite" and "Why Should I Be Nice to You?". Archie Moore does lead vocals on "Always." The song "Forgotten Favorite" was added to the soundtrack of the 1995 Alicia Silverstone movie Clueless, as well as the 2000 indie film Calling Bobcat under the title "My Forgotten Favorite."

Track listing

 * 1) "I Don't Care If You Go"
 * 2) "Always"
 * 3) "Forgotten Favorite"
 * 4) "Why Should I Be Nice to You?"
 * 5) "Not at All"
 * 6) "I Don't Care If You Go" (acoustic)

title: Velocity Girl (album)


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Pulse Asia

Pulse Asia Research Inc. is a public opinion polling body in the Philippines. It was founded by Professor Emeritus Felipe B. Miranda (M.A. Political Science, University of Chicago) of the University of the Philippines Diliman.

Pulse Asia Inc. was founded in 1999 as a for-profit private company. In 2013, the company re-formed into a nonprofit organization and changed their name to Pulse Asia Research Inc.

Ownership dispute
Starting in late 2009, Pulse Asia was accused of publishing biased or inaccurate polling, and of having close ties with Benigno Aquino III, who was elected President of the Philippines in June 2010. SEC documents and a research paper indicated that Rafael Cojuangco Lopa and Antonio "Tonyboy" Cojuangco, blood relatives of Aquino, were involved in the establishment of Pulse Asia as well as Social Weather Stations, another polling group. Senatorial candidate Francisco "Kit" Tatad claimed Aquino was using these connections to his advantage, stating, "This suggests that there was a plan from the beginning by the Aquinos to control public opinion polling in the country."

In October 2013, Pulse Asia issued a press release responding to these allegations. They stated that Cojuangco and Lopa were involved in establishing Pulse Asia in 1999, but were never involved in the research work of the organization, and no longer have shares in the company.

Survey firms as "state propaganda tools"
Political survey firms in the Philippines have invariably been accused of being politically biased, especially by politicians, when these surveys deliver results unfavorable to their side.

In 2000, co-founder Professor Emeritus Miranda did admit that a presidential adviser for the current administration had paid over 620,000 pesos to conduct an opinion survey of President Joseph Estrada at the time of his impeachment trial. The survey reflected President Estrada's public acceptance rating going up.

In 2010, Sen. Richard Gordon sued Pulse Asia and Social Weather Stations, the other leading political polling firm, in connection with his poor showing in pre-election surveys in which he was listed as a candidate for president. Gordon explained that "surveys serve no public purpose except to rob the people of their right to be able to engage in a mental exercise where they can gauge their candidate's capability. It is mental conditioning in no uncertain terms." In the event, the court refused to issue the temporary restraining order requested by Gordon. During the actual presidential elections, Gordon received 1.39% of the vote, even less than the 2% the pre-election surveys had indicated.

Since 2016, Pulse Asia was also tagged as a "propaganda tool" by several anti-Duterte organizations and newspaper columnists due to its regular release of surveys that seemed to improve the optics of the Duterte government amid on-going crises and social unrest resulting from corruption scandals and gross ineptitude.. Despite the controversy, however, Pulse Asia has regularly delivered its Ulat ng Bayan surveys, even if these showed high approval and trust ratings for Duterte among Filipinos. Various hypotheses have been advanced to explain the continuing high ratings of Duterte in such surveys, including the element of apprehension or fear among respondents.

title: Pulse Asia


text:
User talk:Jclarke

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
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If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 15:33, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ddobox.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Ddobox.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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 * I've added a fair use template. Please add more information, Jclarke. - UtherSRG (talk) 14:15, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jclarke


text:
Mount Helena

Mount Helena may refer to:

 * Mount Helena, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth.
 * Mount Helena (British Columbia), a mountain in British Columbia.
 * Mount Helena City Park, a mountain and city park in Helena, Montana.

title: Mount Helena


text:
User talk:Bileckme

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 15:37, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Tut Logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tut Logo.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

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Nomination of Platform Browser for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Platform Browser is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Platform Browser until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. ― Padenton |✉  08:40, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Platform CLI for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Platform CLI is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Platform CLI until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. ― Padenton |✉  08:40, 9 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bileckme