text:
Arawan languages

Arawan (also Arahuan, Arauan, Arawán, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Acre) and Peru (Ucayali).

Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Chapakura-Wañam, Jivaro, Kwaza, Maku, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Yanomami, Arawak, Nadahup, Puinave-Kak, and Tupi language families due to contact.

Family division
Arauan consists of half a dozen languages:

 * Arawá
 * Kulina
 * Deni
 * Jamamadi
 * Paumari
 * Suruwahá

Jolkesky (2016)
Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):

( = extinct)

 * Arawa
 * Suruwaha
 * Madi-Deni-Paumari
 * Paumari
 * Deni, Kulina
 * Madi-Arawa
 * Arawa
 * Madi
 * Banawa
 * Jamamadi
 * Jarawara

Dienst (2010)
Internal classification by Dienst (2010):

 * Arawan
 * Arawa
 * Paumari
 * Suruwahá
 * Madi-Madihá
 * Madi
 * Eastern Jamamadi
 * Banawá
 * Jarawara
 * Madihá
 * Kulina
 * Western Jamamadi
 * Deni

Mason (1950)
Arauá internal classification by Mason (1950):

 * Arauá
 * Arauá
 * Culino
 * Culina
 * Curia
 * Curiana
 * Culiña
 * Pama
 * Pama
 * Pamana
 * Yamamadí
 * Yamamadí: Capaná, Capinamari, Colo
 * Purupurú: Paumarí (Pammarí)
 * Yuberi
 * Madihá
 * Sewacu
 * Sipó

Other varieties

 * Himarimã - presumed language spoken by the Himarimã people along the Piranha River between the Juruá River and Purus River. Per Suruwahá and Banawá testimonies, it is believed to be Arawan.

Unattested varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):

 * Purupurú - extinct language spoken in the same region on the lower course of the Purus River. (Unattested)
 * Uainamari / Wainamarí - extinct language spoken on the Inauini River, a tributary of the upper Purus River. (Unattested)
 * Uatanari / Watanarí - once spoken on the Ituxi River and Sepatini River in the same region; now perhaps extinct. (Unattested)
 * Sewacu - once spoken on the Pauini River, now on the left bank of the Purus River on the opposite side of the mouth of the Sepatini River. (Unattested)
 * Pamana - once spoken on the Ituxi River and Mucuim River near Lake Agaam, the same region; now probably extinct. (Unattested)
 * Amamati - extinct language once spoken on the Mucuim River north of the Pamana tribe. (Unattested)
 * Yuberí / Xubiri - once spoken on the middle course of the Purus River on the opposite side of the mouth of the Mamoriá River and around Lake Abunini, now on the lower course of the Tapauá River, the same region. (Unattested)
 * Sipó / Cipo - extinct language once spoken north of the Yuberi tribe on the Tapaua River. (Unattested)
 * Curina / Kurina / Kólö - language spoken in two regions; first, on the right bank of the Juruá River, along the Marari River and on the upper course of the Tapauá River; second, on the Eiru River and Gregório River and on the left bank of the Muru River, territory of Acre, Brazil.
 * Madiha - spoken on the Eiru River near Bom Jardim, Amazonas.
 * Catiana - extinct language once spoken on the Iaco River, Acre. (Unattested)

Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.

 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! gloss !! Arauá !! Yamamadi !! Paumari !! Curina !! Madiha ! one ! two ! three ! head ! eye ! hand ! water ! fire ! sun ! maize ! tapir ! house
 * warihí || itarini || huarani || ahã || ahã
 * fanihi || mushamu || faumini || || pamawi
 * arisafaha || uharini || harabakudzeki || || nawi
 * || ä-tati || dadií || tazi-ama || i-tati
 * || ä-narobõ || murubui || eribu || waribu
 * u-safá || ä-dzäfä || dzẽi || iyepe || zepe
 * pahá || pãhã || pãhá || patsu || patsu
 * sihú || yefu || sidzyú || dipu || zipu
 * mahí || mahi || kasiri || maxi || maxi
 * || kemi || yoruá || tapá || tapa
 * awí || aui || dama || auhi || awi
 * zamí || huda || gurã || uza || uáza
 * }

Proto-language
Below are selected Proto-Arawá (Proto-Arawan) reconstructions of flora and fauna names by Dixon (2004):

Flora

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Proto-Arawá !! English gloss !! Portuguese gloss
 * *biha || yam sp. || carai
 * *boba || palm sp. || paxiúba
 * *bodi || fruit sp. || bacuri
 * *'boko || tree sp. || imbaúba
 * *doni || tonka bean || cumaru
 * *hawa || patauá palm || patauá
 * *imi || ingá (tree and edible fruit) || ingá
 * *jani || palm sp. || paxiubinha
 * *jawana || palm sp. || murumuru
 * *jawida || peach palm ||
 * *kahami || palm sp. || urucuri
 * *majo || tree sp. || pajurá
 * *nabohi || palm sp. || paxiúba-barriguda
 * *ora || genipap || jenipapo
 * *para'i || assai palm ||
 * *sanaro || passion fruit || maracujá
 * *tamajara || matamatá tree, envira tree || matamatá, envira
 * *tamino || jackfruit tree ||
 * *waishowa || several trees of genus Lucuma || abiurana
 * *wasina, *wasini || kapok ceibe tree || samaúma, Ceiba pentandra
 * *wekhe'i || rubber tree || Hevea brasiliensis
 * *xidepe || tree sp.; red paint made from fruit || urucu, Bixa orellana
 * }
 * *majo || tree sp. || pajurá
 * *nabohi || palm sp. || paxiúba-barriguda
 * *ora || genipap || jenipapo
 * *para'i || assai palm ||
 * *sanaro || passion fruit || maracujá
 * *tamajara || matamatá tree, envira tree || matamatá, envira
 * *tamino || jackfruit tree ||
 * *waishowa || several trees of genus Lucuma || abiurana
 * *wasina, *wasini || kapok ceibe tree || samaúma, Ceiba pentandra
 * *wekhe'i || rubber tree || Hevea brasiliensis
 * *xidepe || tree sp.; red paint made from fruit || urucu, Bixa orellana
 * }
 * *tamino || jackfruit tree ||
 * *waishowa || several trees of genus Lucuma || abiurana
 * *wasina, *wasini || kapok ceibe tree || samaúma, Ceiba pentandra
 * *wekhe'i || rubber tree || Hevea brasiliensis
 * *xidepe || tree sp.; red paint made from fruit || urucu, Bixa orellana
 * }
 * *wekhe'i || rubber tree || Hevea brasiliensis
 * *xidepe || tree sp.; red paint made from fruit || urucu, Bixa orellana
 * }
 * }

Mammals

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Proto-Arawá !! English gloss !! Portuguese gloss
 * *gapha || woolly monkey ||
 * *hijama || white-lipped peccary ||
 * *hojawa || giant anteater ||
 * *ja'o || sloth sp. ||
 * *jajiko || howler monkey ||
 * *jotomi || coati || quati
 * *jowi(hi) || capuchin monkey ||
 * *kawina || howler monkey ||
 * *kiriwe || three-toed sloth ||
 * *kishi- || armadillo || tatu
 * *kiso || capuchin monkey ||
 * *kosikosi || kinkajou, night monkey || jupará
 * *mase || bat ||
 * *modo || anteater || tamanduá
 * *mowi || night monkey ||
 * *pishi || squirrel monkey; marmoset (small monkey) || macaco-de-cheiro, Saimiri sciureus
 * *shawa(ri) || weasel sp. || irara
 * *shinama || agouti || cutia
 * *tamakori || monkey sp. || macaco parauaçu, Pithecia monachus
 * }
 * *kiso || capuchin monkey ||
 * *kosikosi || kinkajou, night monkey || jupará
 * *mase || bat ||
 * *modo || anteater || tamanduá
 * *mowi || night monkey ||
 * *pishi || squirrel monkey; marmoset (small monkey) || macaco-de-cheiro, Saimiri sciureus
 * *shawa(ri) || weasel sp. || irara
 * *shinama || agouti || cutia
 * *tamakori || monkey sp. || macaco parauaçu, Pithecia monachus
 * }
 * *pishi || squirrel monkey; marmoset (small monkey) || macaco-de-cheiro, Saimiri sciureus
 * *shawa(ri) || weasel sp. || irara
 * *shinama || agouti || cutia
 * *tamakori || monkey sp. || macaco parauaçu, Pithecia monachus
 * }
 * *shinama || agouti || cutia
 * *tamakori || monkey sp. || macaco parauaçu, Pithecia monachus
 * }
 * }

Birds

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Proto-Arawá !! English gloss !! Portuguese gloss
 * *ama'ahawa || socó heron || socó
 * *amasawari || socozinho heron || socozinho
 * *dapo || guan (bird sp.) ||
 * *DiroDiro || kingfisher ||
 * *hiriti || motmot bird ||
 * *jakhi || toucan (Ramphastos) ||
 * *kamowa || dove sp. || juriti, rolinha
 * *kawashiro || oriole ||
 * *komi || trogon (bird sp.) ||
 * *khere || kingfisher || ariramba
 * *okoko || pigeon, dove sp. || juriti
 * *shabiria || eagle-hawk || Harpia harpyja
 * *tano || pied-crested oropendola (type of oriole) || japu
 * *tawikhoro(ro) || black-fronted nunbird || bico-de-brasa
 * *tobejaro, *tobejero) || nighthawk || bacurau
 * *wara- || chachalaca (bird) || aracuã
 * }
 * *komi || trogon (bird sp.) ||
 * *khere || kingfisher || ariramba
 * *okoko || pigeon, dove sp. || juriti
 * *shabiria || eagle-hawk || Harpia harpyja
 * *tano || pied-crested oropendola (type of oriole) || japu
 * *tawikhoro(ro) || black-fronted nunbird || bico-de-brasa
 * *tobejaro, *tobejero) || nighthawk || bacurau
 * *wara- || chachalaca (bird) || aracuã
 * }
 * *tawikhoro(ro) || black-fronted nunbird || bico-de-brasa
 * *tobejaro, *tobejero) || nighthawk || bacurau
 * *wara- || chachalaca (bird) || aracuã
 * }
 * *wara- || chachalaca (bird) || aracuã
 * }
 * }

Fish

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Proto-Arawá !! English gloss !! Portuguese gloss
 * *aba majaro || arowana (fish sp.) || aruanã
 * *'awida || piau sp. (fish) || piau
 * *bahama || surubim (large fish) || surubim
 * *basani || pacu (fish sp.) || pacu
 * *bidama || catfish sp. || mandi
 * *dawi || big leaf calathea (fish sp.) ||
 * *kosop(h)a || tucunaré (fish sp.) || tucunaré
 * *khorobo || fish sp. || jeju?
 * *moro || fish sp. (cangati sp.; large catfish) || cangati; jai preto, Paulicea luetkeni
 * *otawi || cará (fish sp.) || cará
 * *siraba || fish sp. || cangati, cará, acará
 * *shako || lungfish || traíra
 * }
 * *kosop(h)a || tucunaré (fish sp.) || tucunaré
 * *khorobo || fish sp. || jeju?
 * *moro || fish sp. (cangati sp.; large catfish) || cangati; jai preto, Paulicea luetkeni
 * *otawi || cará (fish sp.) || cará
 * *siraba || fish sp. || cangati, cará, acará
 * *shako || lungfish || traíra
 * }
 * *siraba || fish sp. || cangati, cará, acará
 * *shako || lungfish || traíra
 * }
 * *shako || lungfish || traíra
 * }

Other animals

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Proto-Arawá !! English gloss !! Portuguese gloss
 * *kowasa || tortoise ||
 * *shire || turtle || tartaruga
 * *bitha || large mosquito || carapanã
 * *'Diriri || cicada ||
 * *jimo, *jomo || ant sp. || tocandira
 * *karajati || biting fly || mutuca
 * *waharo || large mosquito || carapanã
 * }
 * *jimo, *jomo || ant sp. || tocandira
 * *karajati || biting fly || mutuca
 * *waharo || large mosquito || carapanã
 * }
 * *waharo || large mosquito || carapanã
 * }
 * }

title: Arawan languages


text: User talk:81.153.5.101

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.153.5.101


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mia's Main Index

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:14, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Mia's Main Index
No evidence that this is a notable web site; in fact, it looks like it's just a sub-area of a larger site. Website advertising. CDC  (talk)  22:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not even an attempt to establish notability. --TheMidnighters 00:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, hasn't even got its own domain. -Splash 01:31, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete No relavence in this website. Moved for deletion. --Ikariotter 15:06, 26 July 2005

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
North American Butterfly Association

The North American Butterfly Association (NABA) was created in 1992 by Jeffrey Glassberg who is the association's president. The NABA was formed in order to promote awareness of butterfly conservation and the benefits of butterfly gardening, observation, photography and education.

As with the National Audubon Society and the Christmas Bird Count, the NABA holds annual volunteer butterfly counts in the weeks leading up to or after July 4 in the United States, July 1 in Canada, and September 16 in Mexico. Volunteers scout out a meeting place and map out a 15-mile circle in which they count all the butterflies they see in one day. These counts give clues into the butterfly biodiversity of a particular region.

The North American Butterfly Association also publishes the American Butterflies magazine quarterly. The magazine is currently 48 pages long and includes color photographs and articles on butterfly "hot spots", identification, gardening, photography, book reviews and regular features and columns.

NABA's 23 chapters across 14 states convene regular member meetings, field trips, butterfly monitoring counts and educational events to engage community members. States include Arizona, California, Florida, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin.

title: North American Butterfly Association


text:
Ben Campbell

Benjamin or Ben Campbell may refer to:

 * Ben Nighthorse Campbell, former U.S. Senator from Colorado
 * Ben Campbell (musician) (New Zealand), bassist for rock bands Atlas and Zed
 * Benjamin Campbell, founder of Campbell, California
 * Ben Campbell, an ice hockey player for the Guildford Flames
 * Benedict Campbell (born 1957), known as Ben, voice actor
 * Ben Campbell, a character in the 2008 film 21
 * Ben Campbell (golfer), Scottish professional golfer who played in the late 19th century
 * Ben Campbell (New Zealand golfer) (born 1991), New Zealand professional golfer
 * Benjamin Campbell (consular agent) (died 1859), British merchant and consular agent

title: Ben Campbell


text:
Centennial Beach

Centennial Beach is a public aquatic park located at 500 W. Jackson Avenue in Naperville, Illinois. The Beach is within an abandoned, double quarry alongside the DuPage River. The facility covers almost 6 acres (24,000 m2) of land with a full two acres (8,000 m2) or 6.2 million gallons of open water from Lake Michigan, all tested, re-circulated and chlorinated on site.

Among its features is a sand beach next to the shallow end of the pool which offers a zero-depth entry. At the zero depth area of the pool, there are 2 large water play features which pour water from about 10 ft up, and water spouts that shoot up water for children to play in and cool off. The shallow end of the pool goes from 0 ft to 4 ft, getting deeper as one walks further into the pool. In the 4 ft area there are 3 lanes for lap swimmers, where Centennial Beach’s swim team, The Mudrats, practice each weekday morning before open swim hours.

The shallow end also has a slide that was added in 2008. The shallow end also has an area called the “channel.” This area is right next to the deep end and the diving boards. In the channel there is a pool lift for people who cannot use the ladders to get into the pool, they can be let in on the lift. The deep end of the beach has 2 floating rafts in the middle for swimmers to swim out to. The deep end also has 4 piers on the sides of the deep end for swimmers to sit and relax on without sitting on the walkway.

The deep end has an NCAA and USS-approved diving complex, which houses two one-meter springboards and one three-meter board.

Centennial beach is open on all non-school days from Memorial Day to Labor Day. Centennial Beach’s open swim hours are 11:00am – 8:00pm Monday through Saturday and 11:00am – 6:00pm on Sunday. The Beach opens early on Saturdays and Sundays for “Adult Float” which is a time where adults can come in with any sort of floating devices (not allowed during regular open swim time) and swim with them. Adult float is every Saturday and Sunday from 9:00–10:55am. Every Saturday morning at 7:00am the Centennial Beach lifeguards train and do drills for 2 hours before the pool opens. In the event of inclement weather, poor conditions, low attendance, or insufficient staffing the manager may close the beach or certain sections of the beach. In mid-August the beach begins to close earlier than usual due to early darkness.

Centennial Beach receives about 2,500 visitors on an average warm summer day. Over the course of a year the beach receives about 155,000. The beach plays host to various athletic events and is known for its nationally competitive lifeguard team.

Skatepark
Centennial Beach has an adjacent skatepark to the west. The skatepark opens at 9:00am, and closes at dusk. This facility includes skating elements, such as half-pipes, quarter pipes, fun boxes, rails and more. This skate park is unsupervised, and free of charge for non-motorized skateboards, in-line skates, and scooters. The use of a bicycle can only be used during bike hours at some sport complexes. Any other wheeled or sliding devices will be prohibited from the park. Skate at your own risk.

Ball Field
Centennial Beach also has a baseball field that is used by the Naperville Little League. Naperville Little League wouldn't be a program if boys and girls ages 7 years of age through 12 years of age weren't on teams. The league a child will play in corresponds with the distract the school they attend too. This complex was made possible by donations and other community groups and was completed in 2005. Recently, added in new bleachers, fencing around the fields, and a new entryway. There will be many parking spots for parents to park in even if they aren't going to Centennial Beach. Near two ball fields there is a park, with a kid area, and a place where older kids can go and wander around.

Deep-Water Test
Centennial Beach has a strict swimming requirement for the deep end which is blocked off by a pool safety rope. Swimmers who are in the 8th grade or younger must pass a deep water test, each year, to swim in the deep section. Those who pass the deep water test receive a wristband that allows use of the diving boards and deep end. A participant must swim 100 yards uninterrupted to be eligible.

Adult Float
Every weekend there will be an adult float for participants to relax on inner tubes or swim around. The beach allows adults eighteen years and older on Saturday and Sunday from 9am – 10:55am to swim during adult swim. However, nobody under the age of eighteen may enter the beach until 11am. This allows for adults to freely swim in the deep end with no distractions; such as, screaming children, loud noises, in this case it will allow adults to relax.

Lifeguards

Safety is a major priority at Centennial Beach. Centennial Beach’s licensed guards are trained in CPR, First Aid, and Ellis Lifeguarding. Many Beach guards also have a SCUBA certification. The lifeguards at Centennial Beach have received annual and national recognition for outstanding aquatics safety. The lifeguards are continually ranked among best of all Ellis insured facilities. New applicants to be lifeguards at Centennial Beach begin training in the chilly water in May. Training is extremely vigorous and time consuming. Veteran guards at the Beach are also required to attend pre-season training for the season which begins at the beginning of May. During pre-season training the head-guards and veteran guards teach the new guards CPR, lifeguarding skills, and first-aid. Training six days a week for the whole month of May and continues into June depending on individual applicant's readiness. If by the end of pre-season training the head-guards do not feel that a new applicant guard is ready they will not be given a job as a guard. Training to become a lifeguard at Centennial Beach is very difficult and usually more than 70% of lifeguard applicants do not make it through training.

The Grill
The Grill was added to Centennial Beach in 2011. From afar employees in the kitchen can be spotted with neon shirts. It houses a full kitchen, including grills and fryers. Their menu ranges from the classic beach food, burgers and chicken fingers, to healthy choices, including grilled chicken and wraps. Everyone can either pay with card or cash. If a membership card is used, a discount will be applied to the order. There are two main cash registers, but on a really hot day towards the right of the building they open up a third which is hidden and not many people notice it. In this case, having a third register open helps out the line when it becomes super long on busy days.

Centennial Grill Hours:

— Monday-Saturday: 11am – 7pm

— Sunday: 11am – 6pm

They also have a secret menu, which only dedicated patrons will know (ask for the beach soda). One may have to be careful on busy days because the lines may become 50 to 60 people long. Every order is well prepared so it will be fresh to the sight.

Bathhouse
The bathhouse was constructed in 1934 using stones from the old Main Street bridge. The bathhouse includes a front office where patrons can pay for memberships or one-time visits to the beach, a manager’s office, showers, lockers, washrooms, changing rooms, and a lower guard house. The old side office of the bathhouse, which was removed after 2011 renovations, used to be used as a concession stand. Anyone who lives in Naperville will receive a discount off their ticket, as for others who aren't in the area they will have to pay full price. Once anyone enters on either side of the entryway, there will be four family restrooms. The men's restroom as you enter will be on the far left, women's restroom will be slightly to the right. Once in the men or woman's restroom, you will notice two drinking fountains, stalls to change into, storage for belongings, washrooms, and showers. The bathhouse had an old side office within which was later removed after 2011 renovations, it was used as a concession stand. Below the bathhouse, down the stairs there will be the guard house, where lifeguards on/off duty will stay and relax before they go out on the beach to watch over families.

Mudrats
Centennial Beach has a swim team for children up to age 18. The mascot for the Beach’s swim team is the Mudrats. The swim team helps to enhance competitive strokes, conditioning, starts, turns, and more. The Mudrats have swim practice each weekday morning in the Centennial Beach lap lanes unless there is bad weather. The Mudrats have practice at Naperville Central High School on Fridays so that they can practice starts and turns since the beach is too shallow to dive into and has dark water so it is more difficult to do turns. Attendance for each swimmer is taken within 5 minutes of each practice. There are a total of 5 practices a week, every swimmer must attend 3 out of 5 in order to qualify to swim at all of the meets. Swim caps and goggles are mandatory for each practice. Swim meets cannot be placed without the dedication of parents. There are up to seventeen opportunities for parents to volunteer and help out the Mudrats swim team. All workers who decide on working a meet must arrive 45 minutes before the start time. A Mudrat could win or lose and the coaches and parents will always strive for them to do their best no matter what.

History
Centennial Beach was purchased by the Permanent Memorial Committee in 1931. The Committee was appointed by Judge Win Knoch, General Chairman of the Naperville Centennial Celebration, and consisted of 33 residents who each paid $500, a total of $16,500, to purchase the 45 acre of 1 large and 1 small limestone quarry (later merged to create 1 swimming pool) as well as other land in Downtown Naperville near the DuPage River from the Von Oven estate. The actual development of the pool began in 1932 as a memorial for Naperville’s 100th Anniversary. During the early years of the beach Naperville residents swam for free and non-residents had to pay 10 cents for children and 35 cents for adults to swim at the pool for the day. On Sundays and holidays the price went up to 50 cents per person. In the beach’s first year it made $6,000.

According to a booklet produced by the Naperville Park District in 2006 to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Beach, in the 1930s, income from the Beach was used to finance city projects.

The limestone bathhouses were completed in 1935. To commemorate the building of the bathhouse in 1935 the Beach held its first water show. More water shows took place at the Beach in the 1940s and 1950s, which served as a culmination of Red Cross summer swimming, water ballet, and diving classes.

Centennial Beach held its first Aquathon event in 1955. This Aquathon included community members doing water skiing demonstrations, high-dive exhibitions and synchronized swimming. Proceeds for this aquathon were donated to the then-new Edward Hospital.

In 1956 a similar event (to the aquathon) took place at the Beach. The fire department supplied an exciting fountain from the middle raft. The proceeds for this event went to the new fire station.

In 1969 the District assumed responsibility for Centennial Beach.

In 1970 the “Save the Beach Committee” was formed, composed 34 community members, to keep the pool from shutting down.

In 1976 the diving area was re-done, along with a new circulation and chlorination system the next year.

In 1981, when the Beach celebrated its 50th anniversary the Aquathon was resurrected with similar activities and shows to celebrate the Beach’s earlier years. The aquathon was done again at Centennial Beach on July 8, 2006 for the Beach’s 75th anniversary. The 2006 aquathon included activities like sandcastle and sand burying contests, greased watermelon and innertube races, bozo buckets and tug-of war, kayak demonstrations, scavenger hunts, pier tag tournaments, live music entertainment, cartoonist, face painters, balloon artists, a skate challenge, a water polo tournament, and a variety of unique and entertaining water-based performances for all ages. The aquathon of 2006 was all day, from 11am – 8pm.

During a significant flood on July 18, 1996, 17 inches of rain caused water levels to rise to the top of the high dive (three meters), contaminating the chlorinated water with river water and storm water. After 2 weeks and 3 days the 17 in of waters receded, and the beach was emptied, cleaned and refilled.

From 2002 to 2004 more than 2 million dollars of renovations were put into the beach. Renovations included new concrete decks around the facility, a new circulation system, new lighting and sound systems, new staircases leading to the bathhouses and water play features.

On April 22, 2006 Centennial Beach held its first “Bottom-Feeder Ball.” The bottom-feeder ball was a birthday party for the Beach’s 75th anniversary. The bottom-feeder ball was a dinner held at the bottom of the empty quarry. The funds from this event were used to purchase the beach’s slide for the shallow end. The bottom-feeder ball began at 3:30 and had a variety of different types of entertainment that did not end until dark. The bottom-feeder ball had numerous posters for guests to look at, T-shirts to embellish, and the Waubonsie Valley High School Jazz Combo and the Naperville North High School Symphonic Orchestra performed. Guests received a 3-course dinner at the ball and the opportunity to see the bottom of the Beach while it was empty.

title: Centennial Beach


text:
Robert H. MacArthur

Robert Helmer MacArthur (April 7, 1930 – November 1, 1972) was a Canadian-born American ecologist who made a major impact on many areas of community and population ecology. He is considered to be one of the founders of ecology.

Early life and education
MacArthur was born in Toronto, Ontario, to John Wood MacArthur and Olive Turner in 1930. He later moved to Marlboro, Vermont, as his father moved from the University of Toronto to Marlboro College. MacArthur received his Bachelor's degree in mathematics from Marlboro College, followed by a Master's degree in mathematics from Brown University in 1953. A student of G. Evelyn Hutchinson, MacArthur earned his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1957; his thesis was on the division of ecological niches among five warbler species in the conifer forests of Maine and Vermont. From 1957 to 1958, MacArthur worked as a postdoc with David Lack.

Career
MacArthur was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, 1958–65, and professor of biology at Princeton University, 1965-72. He played an important role in the development of niche partitioning, and with E.O. Wilson he co-authored The Theory of Island Biogeography (1967), a work which changed the field of biogeography, drove community ecology and led to the development of modern landscape ecology. His emphasis on hypothesis testing helped change ecology from a primarily descriptive field into an experimental field, and drove the development of theoretical ecology.

At Princeton, MacArthur served as the general editor of the series Monographs in Population Biology, and helped to found the journal Theoretical Population Biology. He also wrote Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species (1972). He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1969. Robert MacArthur died of renal cancer in 1972.

title: Robert H. MacArthur


text:
Apache (dance)

Apache, or La Danse Apache, Bowery Waltz, Apache Turn, Apache Dance and Tough Dance  is a highly dramatic dance associated in popular culture with Parisian street culture at the beginning of the 20th century. The name of the dance is pronounced ah-PAHSH, not uh-PATCH-ee. In fin de siècle Paris young members of street gangs were labelled Apaches by the press because of the ferocity of their savagery towards one another, a name taken from the native North American indigenous people, the Apache.

The dance is sometimes said to reenact a violent "discussion" between a pimp and a prostitute. It includes mock slaps and punches, the man picking up and throwing the woman to the ground, or lifting and carrying her while she struggles or feigns unconsciousness. Thus, the dance shares many features with the theatrical discipline of stage combat. In some examples, the woman may fight back.

Origin
In 1908, dancers Maurice Mouvet and Max Dearly began to visit the low bars frequented by Apaches in a search for inspiration for new dances. They formulated the new dance from moves seen there and gave to it the name Apache. Max Dearly first performed it in 1908 in Paris at the Ambassadeurs and Maurice in Ostend at the Kursaal. A short while later, in the summer of 1908, Maurice and his partner Leona performed the dance at Maxim's, and Max Dearly made an even bigger impact with it, partnered with Mistinguett, in the Moulin Rouge show, La Revue du Moulin. Mistinguett described the dance as, "an alternation between caresses and struggles, brutality and sensual tenderness."

Music
The music most associated with the Apache dance is the "Valse des Rayons" from the ballet Le Papillon, composed by Jacques Offenbach in 1861. An arrangement by Charles Dubourg, titled "Valse Chaloupée" was used by Mistinguett and Max Dearly when performing the dance at the Moulin Rouge in 1908. Other arrangements of the same waltz soon followed, including "L'Amour de L'Apache" in 1909, arranged by Augustus C. Ely. An early example of original music composed for the Apache dance is "Valse Apache," composed by Fernand Le Borne for the 1908 silent film L'Empreinte ou la main rouge in which Mistinguett and Max Dearly performed the dance. The sheet music for L'Empreinte contains several cues to the movements in the Apache dance.

Depictions
A 1902 Edison movie of two Bowery dancers, Kid Foley and Sailor Lil doing a Tough dance which is similar in style, survives.

The 1904 Pathé film Danse des Apaches directed by Gaston Velle contains an early Apache dance performed by acrobatic dancers from La Scala, Paris.

In The Mothering Heart, a 1913 short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith, an Apache dance is shown in a restaurant cabaret.

The famous French 10-part 7-hour silent film Les Vampires (1915, re-released on DVD in 2005) about an Apache gang "Les Vampires" contains a number of Apache dance scenes performed by real street Apache dancers, rather than actors. A notable detail is that during part of the waltz the man holds firmly onto the woman's hair, rather than her body.

Parisian Love (1925) shows Clara Bow as an Apache dancer, with the dance itself being the first scene in the film.

Ivor Novello performs an Apache dance in the British silent film The Rat (1925).

The Sunshine of Paradise Alley contains an Apache dance.

In Hot Heels (1928) an Apache dance is performed by Glenn Tryon and Patsy Ruth Miller.

In the 1929 Mickey Mouse cartoon Mickey's Follies, a rooster and hen perform the dance, interrupting it partway through so the hen can rush to her nest and lay an egg.

In Doughboys Buster Keaton in drag dances the woman's part in an Apache dance.

In The Apache Kid (1930), a Krazy Kat cartoon, Columbia's male version of Krazy and his girlfriend, Kitty, perform the dance, interrupting it repeatedly so they can puff at cigarettes.

In the 1930 Van Beuren cartoon Stone Age Stunts, part of their  Aesop's Fables series, a pair of Stone Age mice perform the dance at a club.

In Charlie Chaplin's City Lights (1931) the Tramp sees an Apache dance in a nightclub and, thinking it is real, interrupts it.

The landmark 1932 Hollywood film musical Love Me Tonight features the song "Poor Apache."

Olive Oyl, Bluto and Popeye do the Apache in Popeye The Sailor 017 - The Dance Contest (1934).

In 1934's Limehouse Blues, nightclub owner Harry Young, George Raft, does an Apache dance with his star performer and lover Tu Tuan Anna Mae Wong.

Also in 1934 the Adagio Dancers, artists Alexis and Dorrano, perform the 'Danse Apache' in a British Pathe short set in a seedy French bar and watched by some "toffs".

In the 1934 Happy Harmonies cartoon Toyland Broadcast, two dolls Apache dance on piano keys, playing the music of "Valse des rayons", and ending when the girl doll throws the boy doll off the piano and against a spittoon.

In the 1935 movie Charlie Chan in Paris, Charlie Chan's agent (played by Dorothy Appleby) is murdered following her performance of an Apache dance.

In the 1936 film The Devil Doll, a pair of the titular dolls perform an Apache dance to the tune of the "Valse des rayons" on a music box.

In the 1936 film Roarin' Lead, an entry in Republic's Three Mesquiteers series of B-Westerns, a group of orphans stages a fundraising show in which two of them perform a diminutive version of an Apache dance.

In the 1936 comedy Sons O' Guns, lead actor Joe E. Brown performs in a show where he does a humorous Apache dance.

In the 1936 British comedy, Queen of Hearts, Gracie Fields performed a satirical version of Apache dance, at one point throwing her male partner through a stage window.

In the 1937 serial Blake of Scotland Yard there is an Apache dance sequence set in a café in Paris.

In the British film Okay For Sound (1937) The Crazy Gang witness an Apache dance performed by the dancers Lucienne and Ashour in which the female dancer triumphs.

In the 1937 Silly Symphony Woodland Café a bad-boy spider and a good-girl fly perform a French Apache dance.

In the 1938 Jessie Matthews musical, Sailing Along, the actress delivers a comic Apache stage performance with her co-star Jack Whiting.

In You're in the Army Now (1941) a comic Apache dance is performed to Offenbach's "Valse dey rayons."

In The Gang's All Here (1943) Charlotte Greenwood does a short, comic version of an Apache dance.

In Pin Up Girl (1944), Betty Grable, Hermes Pan and Angela Blue perform a musical number dressed as Apache dancers.

In Lake Placid Serenade (1944) Everett McGowan & Ruth Mack - performed the Apache dance on Ice skates named "Cafe de Apache" produced by Republic Films

In 1944, the opening scene of Die Frau Meiner Träume (The Woman of My Dreams), one of the last major Agfacolor musicals produced in Nazi Germany, features the actress-dancer Marika Rökk in an acrobatic Apache dance with two men. The film was extremely popular not only in Germany, but made it to the Soviet film distribution after the war, enjoying similar popularity. The big production finale was taken into the curriculum of the Soviet Film Institute and served as an example of a well crafted musical staging. In the 1946 film, The Razor's Edge, the main characters visit the Rue de Lappe and experience apache dancers in a rather seedy bar. One of the main characters Sophie (portrayed by Ann Baxter) has fallen into alcoholism following the death of her husband and child. She has lost touch with her friends. Then some of them happen on her at the bar with her 'apache' lover - they dance. In the 1947 film Crime Doctor's Gamble, Dr. Robert Ordway (played by Warner Baxter) visits a seedy Parisian cabaret with an Apache dance sequence. The dance ends with the male dancer Don Graham twirling the female dancer Dolores Graham around by her hair.

In the 1949 comedy film Totò Le Mokò, Antonio Lumaconi (Totò Le Mokò, played by Totò) performs an Apache dance with Flora Torrigiani.

An episode of I Love Lucy, "The Adagio" (1951, season one, episode twelve), revolved around Lucy wanting to learn an Apache dance. In another episode, "The French Revue", Fred and Ethel perform an Apache dance in the hopes of starring in an act at the club with a French singer.

In the movie Ma and Pa Kettle on Vacation (1952), Marjorie Main, Ma, takes the woman's part in an apache dance in a night club, where she plays the aggressive role, throwing about the hapless male dancer.

Apache Dancers Don & Dolores Graham performed the apache dance in Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954).

On October 9, 1955 an Apache dance was performed on The Jack Benny Program entitled "Massage and Date with Gertrude". Jack, and his date Gertrude were trying to eat their dinner at a French Nightclub while French Apache dancers kept interrupting their meal. The female dancer actually picked Benny up and tossed him out onto another diner's lap.

Also in 1955, the movie Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy features an apache dance in the scene introducing the title characters, where some of the dance interrupted in a predictably slapstick manner.

An example of an Apache dance number is seen in Twentieth Century Fox's film Can Can (1960) starring Frank Sinatra, Shirley MacLaine and Maurice Chevalier. The number is performed by Shirley MacLaine along with five male dancers as they toss and thrash her about. In this version she fights back and eventually "kills" all five dancers with a knife.

In the golden age Looney Tunes short Louvre Come Back to Me! (1962), a cigarette-smoking couple is depicted performing an Apache inside a basement Paris apartment. Just as the man lifts the woman into the air by her midsection, Pepé Le Pew strolls by an open window while singing Auprès de ma blonde, causing both of them to humorously wilt like flowers from his overpowering stench.

An episode of The Muppet Show, (1976, season one, episode five), included a "French tango" performed by guest Rita Moreno. It was Moreno's idea to perform an apache dance. Gillian Lynne did the choreography.

An Apache dance also figures in the musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1968). When Andrew Lloyd Webber set out to create a more than usually fascinating musical mix and included a wide variety of musical genres in this show, he added a very French number. When Joseph's brothers are explaining their impoverished state, after selling Joseph into slavery and experiencing the seven lean years, they sing about "Those Canaan Days" reminiscing of better days. Included within that number is an Apache Dance, a brief joyous celebration of what once was and a poignant expression of their regret for their actions.

In the movie Moulin Rouge! (2001), "El Tango de Roxane" is performed as a tango with Apache elements.

In the Apocalyptica video "I Don't Care" (2007), Apache dance is featured in a scene between Adam Gontier and a woman.

In the Pink video "Try" (2013), the singer and male dancer Colt Prattes can be seen performing an interpretation of the Apache dance choreography by The golden Boyz - R J Durrell and Nick Florez - and aerial choreographer Sebastien Stella.

title: Apache (dance)


text:
Scottish Labour Students

Scottish Labour Students (SLS) is a student society affiliated to Scottish Labour, and part of the UK wide organisation Labour Students.

It aims to bring Labour values to campuses and represent students within the Labour Party throughout Scotland. SLS hold regular Scottish events including SLS Conference in November and SLS Council in February. In addition, its members are often invited to hear major speakers at Labour Party events throughout the year. Glasgow University Labour Club and Edinburgh Labour Students are the two biggest clubs within SLS, and the newest club is the University of the West of Scotland Labour Students.

History
The organisation was founded as the  Organisation of Labour Students (SOLS) in 1970/1971, however it is a direct descendant of the Scottish Association of Labour Student Organisations (SALSO) which had existed since 1946. In the 1960s SALSO's UK equivalent, the National Association of Labour Student Organisations (NALSO), was taken over by Trotskyists and disaffiliated from the Labour Party. SALSO, however, successfully resisted any take-over attempts.

SOLS remained famous for its hostility to Trotskyism and its members were key to recovering control of the National Organisation of Labour Students, NOLS, from the Militant tendency in 1975 and the following year SOLS members took the famous "icepick express" (a bus with an icepick - the weapon used to kill Leon Trotsky - attached to the front) to that year's NOLS conference at Lancaster University. This incident is recalled in some detail in Michael Crick's book on the Militant tendency. (see Clause Four Group.)

In 2023, Scottish Conference voted unanimously to re-affiliated SLS after a campaign by incumbent Chair Solomon Cuthbertson.

Internal organisation
SLS is made up of affiliated Labour Clubs at universities across Scotland:
 * Glasgow University Labour Club
 * Edinburgh University Labour Students (Also includes members of Edinburgh Napier University, Heriot-Watt University, and Queen Margaret University)
 * Strathclyde University Labour Club
 * Stirling University Labour Society
 * St Andrews University Labour Society
 * Dundee University Labour Students
 * Aberdeen Uni Labour Students
 * University of the West of Scotland Labour Students
 * University of the Highlands and Islands Labour Students

SLS has an executive committee, elected on a yearly basis, currently including:

 * Chair: Emma Russell
 * Vice Chair: Debbie Boyd
 * Secretary: Jamie McGuire
 * Treasurer: Lucy Penman (Co-Opted Mid-Term)
 * Social Media and Communications: Daniel Cameron
 * Women's Officer: Lauren Harper
 * Disabled Students' Officer: VACANT
 * BAME Officer: Bibi-Anne Latief-Shinki
 * LGBT+ Officer: VACANT
 * Student Union Liaison: Lucy Penman

All positions are elected at the annual SLS Conference held at the conclusion of each academic year.

Liberation groups
The SLS committee includes representatives from each of the 4 liberation campaigns recognised by Labour Students: Women's, LGBT+, Disabled Students and Black Minority Ethnic. Each campaign is autonomous and hold events and discussions designed at highlighting issues relevant to them to the wider Labour Students movement.

Campaigning
SLS members are involved in election campaigning in Scotland and across the UK, and the organisation mobilises its members to take part in campaigns in marginal seats across the country.

In addition to this, for the first time in 2007/08 SLS ran its own issue-based priority campaign. 'Changing Perceptions - Homelessness' intended to challenge the perception young people have of the homeless in Scotland.

In 2008 SLS ran a pro-choice lobbying campaign against attempts during the passage of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill by Conservative Party MP Nadine Dorries to reduce the upper limit for abortions to 20 weeks from the current 24 weeks of pregnancy. Her amendment was defeated by 332 votes to 190, with a separate 22-week limit opposed by 304 votes to 233 - with MPs continuing to support the 24-week limit.

SLS are also actively involved in opposing the Scottish National Party plans to introduce a Local Income Tax which SLS claim would hit students who have to work to support themselves while studying.

As of 2014 SLS officially supports the return of the post-study work visa and free education.

As of 2019, the SLS officially supports further unionisation of workers in students' unions across Scotland.

In the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election, SLS officially endorsed the Campaign for Socialism-backed candidate, Monica Lennon, who subsequently lost to Brownite, Anas Sarwar by a margin of 58 to 42 per cent.

List of Chairs

Note: Blair McDougall served two terms because the Youth and Student Conference was cancelled following the death of Scotland's First Minister, Donald Dewar.

title: Scottish Labour Students


text:
User talk:Battra~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:49, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Civilians in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
Please do not add back in the world "civilian" above the Lebanese death totals unless the source actually says that. The current citation says 423 Lebanese, not 423 civilians. Bibigon 18:05, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, apperantly the current source does not say "civilians", though the source some day ago did, and then the word "civilians" was constantly removed by vandals. My mistake. --Battra 18:17, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Why Take Away NPOV Picture?
May I ask why you took down a picture which you yourself claim is NPOV in the 2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict article? I see nothing wrong with it. It is a picture of a protest in New York City. Please explain yourself, because I would like to replace the picture. --Bingman06 20:40, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Did I say NPOV?I meant POV, of course. Please see the discussion at the talk page. The reason is that it gives the wrong impression of the protests. There have been protests with thousands of people, both people from the middle east and people having no family connection to the middle east. Your image is just six arab guys with posters that might be seen as antisemitic, so it does not give a representative view of the demonstrations. --Battra 20:50, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Christian conservatives?
I was wondering about the role of US christian conservatives on this matter. I don't know if it fits into the article, but I'm curious. As I understand it, christian conservatives has a strong role in US politics, and they strongly support Israel. Is this right? Is there any explanation for this support, as christians elsewhere usually support the Palestinians, and critisize Israel? (That goes for both the Vatican and the protestant church of Sweden which I read about in my newspaper here in Sweden.) Also, the christians in Israel are Palestininans. --Battra 11:04, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well evangelicals in the US see the creation of Israel as a heralding of G-ds prophecy and an important precondition of Armageddon they also tack the old testament literally that the Jews are G-ds chosen people.--J intela 02:37, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Battra~enwiki


text:
User talk:1978~enwiki

Welcome!

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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:49, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Help with Hebrew
Hello. Can you please help me with translating some Hebrew texts on graves? I photographed abandoned Jewish cemetery in my city and was wondering what is written there. and for example. Whole my gallery is here. Thank you. - Darwinek 12:09, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Calyceraceae
Your article Calyceraceae has appeared in the Dead End Pages list because it is not wikified. Please consult the Wikipedia Guide to Layout for more information on how to write a good, wikified article. I would encourage you to revisit your submissions and them. Thanks and happy editing! James084 03:22, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

File:Cyperus11.jpg listed for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais

The article Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant English-language coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 12:01, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:1978~enwiki


text:
User talk:Butcher bob

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Jayjg (talk) 22:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

K sorry

butcher bob

title: User talk:Butcher bob


text:
User talk:Satri~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:49, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Satri~enwiki


text: User talk:81.77.14.130

title: User talk:81.77.14.130


text: User:Gong Bank

title: User:Gong Bank


text:
IC 1613

IC 1613 (object 1613 in the Index Catalogues (IC), also known as Caldwell 51) is an irregular dwarf galaxy, visible in the constellation Cetus near the star 26 Ceti. It was discovered in 1906 by Max Wolf, and is approaching Earth at 234 km/s.

IC 1613 is a member of the Local Group. It has played an important role in the calibration of the Cepheid variable period-luminosity relation for estimating distances. Other than the Magellanic Clouds, it is one of the few Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy where RR Lyrae-type variables have been observed; this factor, along with an unusually low abundance of interstellar dust both within IC 1613 and along the line of sight enable especially accurate distance estimates.

In 1999, Cole et al. used the Hubble Space Telescope to find that the dominant population of this galaxy has an age of ~7 Gyr. Using its Hess diagram, they found that its evolutionary history may be similar to that of the Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy. Both galaxies are classified as Ir V in the DDO system. Also in 1999, Antonello et al. found five cepheids of Population II in IC 1613, giving self-evident support for the existence of a very old stellar population component of IC 1613. In 1999, King, Modjaz, & Li discovered the first nova ever detected in IC 1613.

IC 1613 contains a WO star known as DR1, which might be the only Wolf–Rayet star in the galaxy, although a candidate WC+O binary, SPIRITS14bqe, has been found. The galaxy also contains a Luminous Blue Variable candidate, and a rich population of OB-type stars and OB associations.

There are many faint galaxies close to IC 1613, 14 of which are catalogued as members of a yet-unnamed galaxy cluster located at z≈0.20.

title: IC 1613


text:
Lausitzring

The Lausitzring (formally known as the Dekra Lausitzring for ownership reasons) is a race track located near Klettwitz (a civil parish of Schipkau, Oberspreewald-Lausitz district) in the state of Brandenburg in northeast Germany, near the borders of Poland and the Czech Republic. It was originally named Lausitzring as it is located in the region of Lusatia, known as Lausitz in German, but was renamed EuroSpeedway Lausitz for better international communication from 2000 to 2010. The EuroSpeedway has been in use for motor racing since 2000. Among other series, DTM (German Touring Car Championship) takes place there annually. It also used to host the Superbike World Championship.

The Lausitzring has a feature which is unique in continental Europe: a high-speed oval race track, as used in the United States by NASCAR and IndyCar. The 3.256 km tri-oval (similar to Pocono Raceway) was used twice in 2001 and 2003 by open seater CART races named German 500 (won by Kenny Bräck and Sébastien Bourdais), plus a few British SCSA races. In 2005 and 2006, the German Formula Three Championship held races at the oval, with a pole position lap average speed of 251.761 km/h and a race average of 228.931 km/h.

History
As far back as 1986, in the former communist East Germany, it was planned to convert one of the huge open coal mine pits into a race track. In the late 1990s, this idea was taken up again in order to build a replacement for the AVUS in Berlin. The construction of the EuroSpeedway Lausitz began on 17 June 1998. The facility was officially opened during a public ceremony on 20 August 2000.

Winding in the infield of the high-speed tri-oval, there is a regular road race track for automobile and motorbike racing, using various track configurations up to roughly 4.562 km. The stands around the tri-oval have a capacity of 120,000, while the huge main grandstands have 25,000 seats, and unlike many circuits, the entire circuit can be seen from the main grandstand. Next to the racing facility, there is a test oval with two long straights connecting two steeply banked U-shaped corners. The test oval has a total length of 5.800 km, with each of its two straights measuring about 2.5 km in length. All tracks can be connected to form an 12.030 km long endurance racing course, but so far this option has been used only for testing and never as part of a major event.

There were three serious accidents at the facility in its first year of operation. On 25 April 2001, former Formula One driver Michele Alboreto was killed on the test oval after crashing at high speed due to a tyre failure. Alboreto was testing an Audi R8 in preparation of his participation at the 2001 24 Hours of Le Mans. Just over a week later, on 3 May 2001, a track marshal was killed when he was hit by a touring car during a test session.

The third serious accident occurred on 15 September 2001, when the venue's tri-oval hosted the 2001 American Memorial. It was the first race of the American CART series to be held in Europe, but it was eventually overshadowed by the accident in which the series' two-time champion Alex Zanardi was involved. Zanardi lost control of his car at the pit exit following a late stop for fuel and the car slid onto the tri-oval, where it was hit from the side by Alex Tagliani's car at full speed. The impact split the front of Zanardi's car from the rest of it and caused the driver to suffer a traumatic amputation of both of his legs. Tagliani was not seriously injured, having suffered some bruising as a result of the crash.

The official EuroSpeedway anthem "Speed Kings" was recorded by the veteran East German band Puhdys in 2000.

The last concert of German hard rock band Böhse Onkelz took place on 17 and 18 June 2005 at the EuroSpeedway Lausitz under the name Vaya Con Tioz, in front of approximately 120,000. It was the biggest open air show by a German band ever.

On 9 October 2005, the EuroSpeedway played host to the A1 Grand Prix series on its road course. The fastest lap of the meeting was set by Nicolas Lapierre and was 0.45 seconds slower than the lap record for the 4.345 km circuit held by Heikki Kovalainen.

The EuroSpeedway played host to Round 6 of the 2010 Red Bull Air Race World Championship. As the last two events of the 2010 Championship (Rounds 7 and 8) were cancelled, the 2011 series was cancelled as well. The series then suffered an overall three-year hiatus before finally returning in September 2016 and September 2017. On 1 November 2017, the entire facility was sold to the vehicle inspection company Dekra, which announced plans to modernize it and use it as a proving ground for road car innovations. Amid fears that the purchase would mark the end of public racing events at the circuit, Dekra announced that it would not organize such events, but other companies would remain welcome to organize them and Dekra would rent the circuit to them for the purpose. The DTM has continued to organize races at the circuit ever since.

Lap records
As of May 2024, the fastest official race lap records at Lausitzring are listed as:

Test site
On 1 November 2017, Dekra acquired the Lausitzring as a test site, especially for autonomous driving. In April 2019 test and verification of communication elements took place on the Lausitzring. Participants were Ford, Samsung, Vodafone, Huawei, LG Electronics and others. Topics were communication matters.

Entertainment
Dekra organised also an Open-air festival, that took place in May 2019.

Events
Complementary racing events, such as DTM are on the agenda.

 * Current

 * May: Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, Prototype Cup Germany, ADAC GT4 Germany
 * June: Austria Formula 3 Cup, P9 Racing Weekend
 * August: DMV Goodyear Racing Days

 * Former

 * 3000 Pro Series (2005)
 * A1 Grand Prix (2005)
 * ADAC Formula 4 (2015–2018, 2020, 2022)
 * ADAC GT Masters (2007–2017, 2020–2022)
 * ASCAR Racing Series (2002–2003)
 * Champ Car
 * German 500 (2001, 2003)
 * DTM Trophy (2020–2022)
 * EuroBOSS Series (2004–2005, 2009)
 * European Truck Racing Championship (2001–2002)
 * FIA GT Championship (2000)
 * FIA Sportscar Championship (2003)
 * Formula BMW ADAC (2000–2007)
 * Formula König (2001–2004)
 * Formula Renault 2.0 Germany (2001–2005)
 * Formula Three Euroseries (2005–2006, 2009)
 * Formula Volkswagen Germany (2001–2003)
 * Interserie (2001, 2003–2004)
 * Northern Talent Cup (2020)
 * Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (2000–2017, 2020, 2022–2023)
 * Red Bull Air Race World Championship (2010, 2016–2017)
 * Sidecar World Championship (2001–2002)
 * Superbike World Championship (2001–2002, 2005–2007, 2016–2017)
 * Trofeo Maserati (2003)
 * V8Star Series (2001–2003)
 * World Series by Nissan (2003–2004)

title: Lausitzring


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Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge

The Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge is a pedestrian bridge located within Lynn Canyon Park, in the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia. It is 50 m high from the bottom of the canyon. The bridge was built as a private venture in 1912.

The bridge connects the extensive hiking trails on the two sides of the canyon and is part of the Baden-Powell Trail. However, many of the tourists do not hike, and only visit the suspension bridge. The free-to-access bridge is often compared to the nearby and widely advertised Capilano Suspension Bridge. While the bridge is shorter and not as high, it is narrower and moves around more when people walk on it. For many locals, a major part of the attraction is the difference in price.

History

 * At one time visitors were charged a toll of ten cents to cross, before being reduced to five. Upon becoming a public concern the bridge became free to all.

In television and film

 * Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction - In a short story the bridge was used as a filming location and given the fictional name "Syke's Bridge", located on the "Misty Loop Trail". The bridge subsequently broke later in the episode. (episode 44, 2002 — "The Bridge" — said to be true and to have taken place in Texas (USA) in the 1960s)
 * The bridge was used in Disney's Descendants as part of Auradon, that leads to Lynn Canyon's 30 Foot Pool used as the Enchanted Lake.
 * The bridge featured in the MacGyver episode "The Invisible Killer".

title: Lynn Canyon Suspension Bridge


text: Category:German librarians

title: Category:German librarians


text: User talk:24.21.191.65

title: User talk:24.21.191.65


text:
Notre Dame Seminary

Notre Dame Seminary is a Catholic seminary in New Orleans, Louisiana. It operates under the auspices of the Archdiocese of New Orleans.

It serves the other six Catholic dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Province of New Orleans, six additional dioceses in the Southern United States and Africa, and four Catholic religious institutes. It offers the graduate degrees of M.Div. and M.A. in theological studies.

In 2016, the reported enrollment was around 130 seminarians.

History

The seminary was founded in 1923 and the building was designed by architect General Allison Owen.

The seminary hosts a bronze copy of Ivan Meštrović's sculpture Christ and the Samaritan Woman which was exhibited at the Vatican pavilion at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition. It was installed in front of Shaw Hall and dedicated in 1989 by Archbishop Philip Hannan.

In February 2013, it played host to an exhibit featuring pieces from other institutions (such as the Vatican Collections and the Pope John Paul II Center in Krakow, Poland), about Pope John Paul II, called, "I Have Come To See You Again."; it began its U.S. tour at NDS.

In Spring 2021, the seminary hosted a replica of the Angels Unawares statue, which was initially exhibited at the Catholic University of America and was to return there permanently after its tour.

Notable alumni

 * Servant of God Joseph Verbis Lafleur
 * Lory Schaff, a leader in adult literacy education

title: Notre Dame Seminary