text:
User talk:Jchurchill84

Welcome!
Hello, Jchurchill84, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

title: User talk:Jchurchill84


text:
Talk:Waveguide

Reverted changes by ANom OF DUBIOUS AND AMBIGUOUS NATURE. Fra nkB  20:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Funny how this page is so littered with 'disputed' tags when nearly every single aspect of physics' factual accuracy is disputed. Being wrong is just another step on the path to being right. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.98.176.66 (talk) 20:45, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Needs beirf explanation of modes
An early figure refers to TE31 mode and there's later mention of TE01. While I'm accustomed to seeing this terminology, what does it actually /mean/? A brief explanation could usefully appear at some point in the article. MarkMLl (talk) 06:51, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Modes are described in Mode (electromagnetism), but it doesn't seem to get to the numbers part. Should be fixed there, before here, though. Gah4 (talk) 20:52, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Modes are described in Mode (electromagnetism), but it doesn't seem to get to the numbers part. Should be fixed there, before here, though. Gah4 (talk) 20:52, 8 June 2023 (UTC)

directionality
The article says ... guides waves by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction. Most waveguides are bidirectional, though some work different in the two directions. Especially there is a directional coupler. Most of the time, though, they are bidirectional. Gah4 (talk) 05:24, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed. And then there are two dimensional waveguides.  And waveguides that do not completely confine the waves.  And intentionally leaky waveguides. Constant314 (talk) 09:08, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
 * So, I think it wants something like one dimension, which would allow for two directions. I suppose there are 2D waveguides, and those could have a section. Gah4 (talk) 13:03, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The power planes of a circuit board are 2D waveguides. A current filament between the planes produces a cylindrically expanding wave. Constant314 (talk) 15:07, 6 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I think of them as 2D transmission lines, but then transmission lines are a subset of waveguides. And especially, for the case you indicate, radial transmission lines. Some people only consider hollow waveguides for a waveguide article. I think this one doesn't, but would have to read carefully to see. Gah4 (talk) 20:30, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * They also support higher order modes. Constant314 (talk) 03:01, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I think of them as 2D transmission lines, but then transmission lines are a subset of waveguides. And especially, for the case you indicate, radial transmission lines. Some people only consider hollow waveguides for a waveguide article. I think this one doesn't, but would have to read carefully to see. Gah4 (talk) 20:30, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * They also support higher order modes. Constant314 (talk) 03:01, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Unusual waveguide structures
A recent edit archives discussion of the Waveguide rotary joint. Reminds me that I know about waveguide vacuum valves, that can close off a waveguide when needed, and yet allow full power (25MW, 0.1% duty cycle) when open. I don't think that goes in this article, but maybe one article for unusual waveguide structures or devices would be worth doing. Gah4 (talk) 20:35, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

Can we remove template: "This section needs additional citations for verification"
I added many additional citations to Impedance matching section. Is there agreement to remove template: This section needs additional citations for verification? If there is agreement, please remove the template. Thanks TMM53 (talk) 21:05, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks for the improvements.
 * Constant314 (talk) 21:25, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Waveguide


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John Tsombikos

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Michael Shields 05:28:49, 2005-07-25 (UTC)

John Tsombikos
Non-notable graffiti artist. I'm not able to determine his notability as I don't live in NY, but a quick google suggests he's not the most notable of artists. There's also a redirect "Borf" (that's his tag).
 * Keep came to Wikipedia specifically because of the media coverage to see if there was anything on this guy. Keep this article and expand it. Interesting topic, many people like myself will come to Wikipedia seeking more information.
 * Delete. Oliver Keenan 20:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete minor criminals are not automatically notable. Friday 21:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. --jonasaurus 21:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but expand. Without condoning what he's done, I'd like to say that his work has attracted a fair amount of attention (positive and negative) in the DC area. You may wish to do a Google search under his tag or check out this article in the 7/14 Washington Post. Doctor Whom 22:09, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per media coverage. Kappa 01:38, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per the fact that he is very well known in the DC area, and the media coverage. --Sludge 02:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, The borf tag is a meaningful part of dc culture. The story behind the borf tag and it's ubiquitousness are more interesting than those who are annoyed by grafitti are willing to admit.
 * Keep. After reading that lengthy Washington Post article, I'm convinvced.  Also expand, get a picture or two (someone in DC?), and move to Borf.  And remember, BORF IS GOOD FOR YOUR LIVER.--Pharos 02:54, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above comments royblumy 03:40, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep We're only pissed that we never thought of anything as great. DaveZ 12:09, July 15, 2005
 * Keep. Graffitists are not normally notable but this fellow appears to be an exception to the rule. Capitalistroadster 05:26, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Extremely notable, everyone in D.C. has seen his art. He made it all the way up to NYC and San Fran.  Made me smile everytime.  Though, if there is an article for him, someone should start an article for Cool Disco Dan.  --Skinjob 05:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've been following the story on the news and then saw it in the Washington Post.  Finally decided to check if his Wikipedia articale was up to day and .. here I am.  I think the article should be under "Borf" though. And the article will need pictures.  As the WP article attests, he did cause a fair amount of trouble with the Dept of Public Works saying they had daily phone calls about it and he was discussed throughout the blogosphere. --Sketchee 11:05, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete borderline notability at best. JamesBurns 03:49, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Few graffiti artists have emerged lately that have subverted authority to the degree of Mr. Tsombikos. His borf character is interesting, his messages are interesting, and his stories are even more interesting...to me there is more harm in removing the entry than in keeping the entry.
 * Keep per media coverage. FunkyChicken! 06:08, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:84.66.185.32

title: User talk:84.66.185.32


text:
User talk:Birdsnare

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Phroziac (talk) 20:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Birdsnare


text:
Lance Inc.

Lance is an American brand of snack foods owned by the Snyder's-Lance company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. As of 2018, Snyder's-Lance is owned by Campbell Soup Company.

Merger
On July 22, 2010, Lance announced that it would merge with Snyder's of Hanover. The resulting company, known as Snyder's-Lance Inc., would remain publicly traded under the LNCE symbol. Headquarters would remain in Charlotte. On December 2, Lance shareholders approved the deal that created the country's second largest snack food company.

Nabs
Many snack cracker products manufactured by Lance are commonly referred to as "nabs", a genericized trademark name for snack crackers that originated with a competitor, the Nabisco company. The term originated in 1924 when the National Biscuit Company (Nabisco) introduced a snack, put in a 5-cent sealed packet called "Peanut Sandwich Packet". They soon added a second, "Sorbetto Sandwich Packet". These packets allowed salesmen to sell to soda fountains, road stands, milk bars, lunch rooms, newsstands etc. Sales increased and in 1928 the company adopted and started to use the name NAB, which immediately won the approval of the public.

Products

 * Cracker and cookie sandwiches
 * ToastChee
 * Toasty
 * Malt
 * Whole Grain
 * Captain's Wafers
 * Nekot
 * Quick Starts
 * Various flavored nuts and seeds
 * Gold-n-Chees crackers
 * Various flavored popcorns

title: Lance Inc.


text:
Talk:Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

Requested move 05 January 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. -- Calidum 05:21, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary → The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary – It was previously "moved" by someone copying the content to the redirect page. This way, we'll be preserving history. – Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 13:02, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:50, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Doesn't this run afoul of guidelines? Eg, Ohio State University not The Ohio State University, despite official declarations. older ≠ wiser 14:11, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * None that I know of. 'The' is actually in the name of this institution. If a guideline is violated, please state it.  Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 14:15, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The relevant guideline is WP:THE. The many discussions at Talk:Ohio State University may be of interest as well. And it is worth noting that the SBTS does not consistently refer to itself as "The" SBTS. older ≠ wiser 02:00, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

 * I have history-merged The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary to Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:50, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment: I honestly don't care about the name going either way, but I will note that the alumni subcategory has already been moved (by someone other than me), and if this name change isn't done, that subcategory will have to be moved back. Also, I think 'The' has always been part of this institution's name.  Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 15:55, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Also applies to the faculty subcategory. Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 20:17, 19 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The guideline would be WP:COMMONNAME. After all, the abbreviation is "SBTS", not "TSBTS". StAnselm (talk) 20:10, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If OSU doesn't get its "the"... Red Slash 00:25, 8 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. To strengthen the consensus and get this over with. Categories need to be fixed. Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 20:18, 19 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Per WP:THEUNI we should go with the common name, even if the "official" name includes "the". Piboy51 (talk) 15:31, 21 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No need whatsoever for those irritatingly pompous definite articles in most article titles. Most people wouldn't dream of using them in running text. -- Necrothesp (talk) 22:57, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The?
The title for this entry really should be changed. The seminary officially refers to itself as "The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary" rather than "Southern Baptist Theological Seminary."
 * According to WP:THEUNI, "A definite article should be applied only if The is used in running text throughout university materials and if that usage has caught on elsewhere. Otherwise, do not use the definite article for universities." If "The" is not commonly used when people talk about the school, it should not be in the title. Piboy51 (talk) 20:41, 19 January 2015 (UTC)
 * , you may want to participate in the Move discussion above. I'm not sure whether you are saying "The" should be included or not.  Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 21:09, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

The incorporated name of the seminary is "The" Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Proper name requires proper use. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.240.80.70 (talk) 04:35, 24 June 2020 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joseph Gamble the "Unbreakable"

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 06:34, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Gamble the "Unbreakable"
Vanity. EvilPhoenix talk 20:36, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete yep, that's vanity.  Friday 21:05, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. --jonasaurus 21:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn teen vanity. --Etacar11 01:10, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. Kaldari 01:11, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable teen vanity. JamesBurns 03:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm sure the author is this "Unbreakable". Redwolf24 03:51, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
WKYS

WKYS (93.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Washington, D.C. The station is owned by Urban One through licensee Radio One Licenses, LLC, and broadcasts an urban contemporary radio format. It is co-owned with WMMJ, WOL, WPRS-FM, and WYCB, with studios and offices in Silver Spring, Maryland.

WKYS has an effective radiated power of 24,500 watts. The transmitter tower is on Nebraska Avenue NW, co-located with the tower for WRC-TV (WKYS' former TV sister station). WKYS broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The urban talk programming of co-owned WOL 1450 AM is heard on its HD3 digital subchannel.

WRC-FM
The station first signed on the air as WRC-FM in June 1947. It was launched alongside its television partner, WRC-TV (originally as WNBW). Both were built from the ground up by NBC, which put WRC 980 AM on the air 24 years earlier. The call sign represents the name of the parent company, The Radio Corporation of America or RCA. During its early days, WRC-FM simulcast most of WRC's programming with some jazz music also played.

In the late 1960s, FM stations in larger cities were no longer permitted to simulcast most of their programming. FM 93.9 began an automated beautiful music format, largely soft instrumental songs played in quarter-hour sweeps. At the same time, 980 WRC was airing a Top 40 format, playing current hits for young listeners. In 1974, 93.9 switched its call letters from WRC-FM to WKYS, standing for "Kiss-FM."

Top 40 and Disco
The transition to what is now WKYS occurred when NBC moved the Top 40 format that was on WRC to the FM station. That was to make way for an all-news format being launched on the AM station. For a short time in 1975, the two stations simulcast Top 40 music as listeners were redirected to 93.9 FM.

Shortly after the simulcast was discontinued, WKYS decided to modify its Top 40 sound. Instead of a blend of rock, pop and R&B hits, all popular on Top 40 stations, management noticed the coming boom in disco music. The FM station became "Disco 93.9." DJs during the disco era included Donnie Simpson, Jack Harris, Stoney Richards, Joe Cipriano, Eddie Edwards, Barry "Reazar" Richards, Bill Bailey, Jeff Leonard, Chuck Davis, Candy Shannon and Max Kinkel.

Urban contemporary
The disco format eventually evolved into the present urban contemporary format as "93.9 Kiss FM." DJ Donnie Simpson became Kiss-FM's program director.

In the mid-1980s, WKYS gained competition from 102.3 WMMJ and 95.5 WPGC-FM. While that caused a setback in its dominance, WKYS did not suffer a huge of a threat to its ratings and audience share. It later began competing with 96.3 WHUR-FM, which converted its jazz format to Urban Adult Contemporary in 1993. (Washington D.C. is one of the few large radio markets to have multiple urban stations on the FM dial for a long time.)

Changes in ownership
When NBC divested all of its radio properties in 1988, WKYS was sold to Albimar Communications. In the 1990s, Albimar ran into financial difficulties. In 1995, the station was sold to Radio One (the original name for current owner Urban One).

In the mid-1990s, WKYS was forced to drop the "Kiss FM" name and changed it to "93.9 WKYS" due to Clear Channel acquiring the rights to the KISS-FM branding. Clear Channel chose to enforce its trademark rights nationwide. However, WKYS reintroduced the "Kiss FM" name for a period of time and Clear Channel did not make further claims of legal action. WKYS later retired the "Kiss FM" moniker and simply began calling itself "93.9 WKYS".

Past shows
From 1977 to 1993, WKYS was home to radio and TV personality Donnie Simpson. The station was also once the flagship station of the nationally syndicated Russ Parr Morning Show. In January 2016, Parr moved to sister station WMMJ to take over after Tom Joyner left. Parr was replaced on WKYS by "The Fam in the Morning". The current wake-up show is "The Morning Hustle."

From 1983 to 1990, Kevin "Slow Jammin" James hosted his "Slow Jam" radio show from 7 p.m. to midnight, on Saturdays and Sundays.

title: WKYS


text:
Talk:E. Urner Goodman

Main page FA vandalism
This article is being vandalised and there don't seem to be people reverting it. Anchoress · Weigh Anchor · Catacomb 01:51, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Because this is today's Wikipedia Main Page Featured Article, we can expect a sharp increase in vandalism. I requested short-term protection while the article is featured on the Main Page, but was turned down per WP:MPFAP. According to this essay, 90 vandalisms in a 24-hour period is "average" for a Main Page Featured Article, so it seems to be tacitly accepted.  JGHowes talk  -  02:37, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah I know that, but my point is it's not being reverted. Usually when an article makes the mainpage it has a few sets of eyes on it (usually the primary editors who brought it to FA status). Those people seem to not be on the job. Anchoress · Weigh Anchor · Catacomb 02:47, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Frankly, vandalism seems rather light compared to other Scouting articles that made TFA and it seems to be reverted pretty quickly. There has been some collateral vandalism on Boy Scouts of America, but nothing major.  --—  Gadget850 (Ed)  talk  -  10:52, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * When I posted the original comment and the first reply, it wasn't being reverted quickly. But right after my comment here, I posted on the help desk asking for fresh eyes, and since then reversions have been quicker. Anchoress · Weigh Anchor · Catacomb 14:10, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Compared to the TFAs for Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell and Scouting, the vandalism was rather light. What was unusual were the number of vandalism only accounts that were created and blocked during the TFA. After going through a few TFAs, I find that you can't get too wrapped up in the attacks; there are lots of editors who will come around and fix things. I had to work late that last wo nights and one of our editors is out on vacation, so the Scouting project was a bit under represented. --— Gadget850 (Ed)  talk  -  13:03, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Whatever. I revert vandalism on a lot of front page articles and I was just trying to be helpful. I certainly didn't get 'too wrapped up in the attacks' - I don't perceive vandalism as an attack. But you seem to have your own opinions, that's fine. Best wishes and happy editing. Anchoress · Weigh Anchor · Catacomb 21:52, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

TFA Link

TFA page view statistics: I just took a look at traffic for 28 May 2008 when this article made TFA, including the links in the lead:

 * E. Urner Goodman: 16.3k, normally near 0/day
 * Boy Scouts of America: 10.3k, normally <1k/day
 * Order of the Arrow: 6.8k, normally about 200/day

 * Cub Scout: 1.2k, normally about 100/day
 * Exploring (Learning for Life): 1.2k, normally <25/day
 * National Council of Churches: 1.1k; normally about 100/day

See Wikipedia article traffic statistics for more. --— Gadget850 (Ed)  talk  -  13:15, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Death Date
The death date in the infobox doesn't match the one listed in the article. Can someone please correct this? The Core-Man (talk) 17:46, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * A bit of vandalism that has already been reverted. --—  Gadget850 (Ed)  talk  -  18:01, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Proposal to remove date-autoformatting
Dear fellow contributors

MOSNUM no longer encourages date autoformatting, having evolved over the past year or so from the mandatory to the optional after much discussion there and elsewhere of the disadvantages of the system. Related to this, MOSNUM prescribes rules for the raw formatting, irrespective of whether or not dates are autoformatted. MOSLINK and CONTEXT are consistent with this.

There are at least six disadvantages in using date-autoformatting, which I've capped here:

Removal has generally been met with positive responses by editors. I'm seeking feedback about this proposal to remove it from the main text (using a script) in about a week's time on a trial basis/ The original input formatting would be seen by all WPians, not just the huge number of visitors; it would be plain, unobtrusive text, which would give greater prominence to the high-value links. Tony  (talk)  09:07, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:E. Urner Goodman


text:
User talk:Joeschmo99

Welcome!
Hello, Joeschmo99, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:36, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

title: User talk:Joeschmo99


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Under the Gundam: Double-Fake

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP, even if I discard redusers. -Splash 02:06, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Under the Gundam: Double-Fake

 * i don't see why anyone in their right mind would care about this crap. i vote to delete it. --joeschmo99 20:37, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You may not "care about this crap," but it's entirely encyclopedic/real/informative. Keep. Thorns Among Our Leaves 02:42, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ETA: Okay, not entirely informative. But it's still encyclopedic. Thorns Among Our Leaves 02:43, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep it! cuz the quality of this article is OK, so don't remove it. User : Titanz 19:33, 23/07/2005 GMT+7
 * Keep a quick Google search shows that it's real. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 23:38, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and don't be so insulting in the future. — RJH 15:23, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep it I don't see any problem with this article.L-Zwei 18:32, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep it Necropenguin 22:34, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wilde Lake High School

Wilde Lake High School is a secondary school located in Columbia, Maryland's Village of Wilde Lake, United States, one of 13 public high schools in Howard County.

The school is centrally located in Howard County, and its district borders that of River Hill High School, Marriotts Ridge High School, Centennial High School, Howard High School, Oakland Mills High School, and Atholton High School.

History
Bids were requested by January 1970 for a 1,350-seat school to be built for an estimated $2.6 million. Opened in 1971 as a model school for the nation, it was Columbia's first high school. It had an open doughnut-shaped design with "open classrooms," and was a model school for new teaching settings.

In 1994, the original 910-student building, which did not meet current safety standards, was demolished. A new $20 million 1,200-seat building with a more traditional style was reconstructed on the same site by Cochran, Stephenson and Donkevoet. The new building, opened in 1996, replicates the open idea, with a central main street, and halls surrounding it and a bridge across the second floor.

Students
The racial makeup of the population during the 2017–2018 school year was 26.7% White, 43.8% Black or African American, 7.2% Asian, 14.6% Hispanic or Latino, 0% Native American, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and 7.4% two or more races.

Jim Rouse Theatre
Wilde Lake has a modern 750-seat theater named for Columbia founder James Rouse, who went by "Jim". The theatre has its own separate entrance and is used by both school and community groups. The 12,500-square-foot performance space is also used for community meetings, sales rallies, exhibitions, and business training sessions. The theatre has a total of 739 seats and eight handicapped accessible locations.

Athletics
Wilde Lake High School has a number of sports teams for each season of the academic year, including football, soccer, golf, volleyball, basketball, and cross country. The school has won the following state championships:

Cross country

 * 1971 – Boys' cross country
 * 1996 – Girls' cross country
 * 1996 – Boys' cross country
 * 2005 – Boys' cross country
 * 2006 – Boys' cross country
 * 2007 – Boys' cross country

Football

 * 1985 – Football
 * 1990 - Football
 * 1991 – Football
 * 1992 – Football
 * 1997 – Football
 * 2010 – Football

Soccer

 * 1976 – Boys' soccer
 * 1981 – Boys' soccer
 * 1982 – Boys' soccer
 * 1983 – Boys' soccer
 * 1984 – Boys' soccer
 * 1991 – Boys' soccer
 * 1997 – Boys' soccer
 * 2019 – Boys' soccer

Basketball

 * 1985 – Boys' basketball
 * 1994 - Boys' basketball State Finalist
 * 1995 – Girls' basketball

Ice hockey
Wilde lake no longer fields an independent ice hockey team. From 2011–2018, a co-op team with players from Oakland Mills and Hammond High Schools was formed, known as the “WHO”. In 2018, Centennial and Long Reach High Schools joined the WHO to form the Wolves.
 * 2008 – State Finalist

Tennis

 * 1985 – Boys' tennis doubles
 * 1986 – Mixed doubles
 * 2001 – Mixed doubles
 * 2006 – Boys' tennis singles

Track and field

 * 1975 – Boys' track and field

In 2015, Carol Satterwhite, a physical education teacher at the Wilde Lake High School was selected for the National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association Hall of Fame.

Band program
The school has a band program consisting of groups including the marching band and wind ensemble.

The Paw Print
The Paw Print is an independent publication of Wilde Lake High School.

Accommodations
Wilde Lake has a special education program. In addition to its programs for the disabled, Wilde Lake accommodates teen mothers through their in school daycare center.

Notable alumni

 * Zach Brown (class of 2007) – American football player, free agent
 * David Bentley Hart (class of 1982) – writer, theologian, and cultural critic
 * Isaiah Coulter - attended freshman through junior year
 * Dr. Terri L. Hill (class of 1977) - Maryland State Delegate, District 12
 * Carly Hughes (class of 2000) - singer and actress
 * Robert Kolker (class of 1987) – author and journalist
 * Mark D. Levine (class of 1987) – Manhattan borough president
 * Sara Lindsey (class of 2007) – actress
 * Laura Lippman (class of 1977) – author and award-winning journalist
 * Edward Norton (class of 1987) – actor
 * Maria L. Oesterreicher (Class of 1986) - Judge - first female Circuit Court Judge in the history of Carroll County Maryland
 * John Overdeck (class of 1986) – hedge fund manager and philanthropist
 * Elise Ray (Class of 2000) - Olympic Gymnast
 * Lo-Fang (class of 2002) – musician
 * Jim Traber (class of 1979) - Major League Baseball Player for the Baltimore Orioles
 * Curtis Yarvin (class of 1988) – computer scientist, political philosopher, neoreactionary thinker

title: Wilde Lake High School


text:
Existential graph

An existential graph is a type of diagrammatic or visual notation for logical expressions, proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce, who wrote on graphical logic as early as 1882, and continued to develop the method until his death in 1914. They include both a separate graphical notation for logical statements and a logical calculus, a formal system of rules of inference that can be used to derive new theorems from existing ones.

Background
Peirce found the algebraic notation (i.e. symbolic notation) of logic, especially that of predicate logic, which was still very new during his lifetime and which he himself played a major role in developing, to be philosophically unsatisfactory, because the symbols had their meaning by mere convention. In contrast, he strove for a style of writing in which the signs literally carry their meaning within them – in the terminology of his theory of signs: a system of iconic signs that resemble or resemble the represented objects and relations.

Thus, the development of an iconic, graphic and – as he intended – intuitive and easy-to-learn logical system was a project that Peirce worked on throughout his life. After at least one aborted approach – the "Entitative Graphs" – the closed system of Existential Graphs finally emerged from 1896 onwards. Although considered by their creator to be a clearly superior and more intuitive system, as a mode of writing and as a calculus, they had no major influence on the history of logic; On the one hand, this is attributed to the fact that Peirce published little on this topic and that the published texts were not written in a very understandable way; and on the other hand, that the linear formula notation in the hands of experts is the less complex tool to handle. For example, the existential graphs received little attention or were seen as an unwieldy way of writing. From 1963 onwards, works by Don D. Roberts and J. Jay Zeman, in which Peirce's graphic systems were systematically examined and presented, led to a better understanding. Today, however, only one modern application plays a practical role, the conceptual graphs introduced by John F. Sowa in 1976, which are used in computer science to represent knowledge. Existential graphs are increasingly reappearing as a subject of research in connection with a growing interest in graphical logic, which is also expressed in attempts to replace the rules of inference given by Peirce with more intuitive ones.

The overall system of existential graphs is composed of three subsystems that build on each other, the alpha graphs, the beta graphs and the gamma graphs. The alpha graphs are a purely propositional logical system. Building on this, the beta graphs are a first order logical calculus. The gamma graphs, which have not yet been fully researched and were not completed by Peirce, are understood as a further development of the alpha and beta graphs. When interpreted appropriately, the gamma graphs cover higher-level predicate logic as well as modal logic. As late as 1903, Peirce began a new approach, the "Tinctured Existential Graphs," with which he wanted to replace the previous systems of alpha, beta and gamma graphs and combine their expressiveness and performance in a single new system. Like the gamma graphs, the "Tinctured Existential Graphs" remained unfinished.

As calculi, the alpha, beta and gamma graphs are sound (i.e., all expressions derived as graphs are semantically valid). The alpha and beta graphs are also complete (i.e., all propositional or predicate-logically semantically valid expressions can be derived as alpha or beta graphs).

The graphs
Peirce proposed three systems of existential graphs: Alpha nests in beta and gamma. Beta does not nest in gamma, quantified modal logic being more general than put forth by Peirce.
 * alpha, isomorphic to propositional logic and the two-element Boolean algebra;
 * beta, isomorphic to first-order logic with identity, with all formulas closed;
 * gamma, (nearly) isomorphic to normal modal logic.

Alpha

The syntax is: Any well-formed part of a graph is a subgraph.
 * The blank page;
 * Single letters or phrases written anywhere on the page;
 * Any graph may be enclosed by a simple closed curve called a cut or sep. A cut can be empty. Cuts can nest and concatenate at will, but must never intersect.

The semantics are: Hence the alpha graphs are a minimalist notation for sentential logic, grounded in the expressive adequacy of And and Not. The alpha graphs constitute a radical simplification of the two-element Boolean algebra and the truth functors.
 * The blank page denotes Truth;
 * Letters, phrases, subgraphs, and entire graphs may be True or False;
 * To enclose a subgraph with a cut is equivalent to logical negation or Boolean complementation. Hence an empty cut denotes False;
 * All subgraphs within a given cut are tacitly conjoined.

The depth of an object is the number of cuts that enclose it.

Rules of inference:
 * Insertion - Any subgraph may be inserted into an odd numbered depth.
 * Erasure - Any subgraph in an even numbered depth may be erased.

Rules of equivalence:
 * Double cut - A pair of cuts with nothing between them may be drawn around any subgraph. Likewise two nested cuts with nothing between them may be erased. This rule is equivalent to Boolean involution and double negation elimination.
 * Iteration/Deiteration – To understand this rule, it is best to view a graph as a tree structure having nodes and ancestors. Any subgraph P in node n may be copied into any node depending on n. Likewise, any subgraph P in node n may be erased if there exists a copy of P in some node ancestral to n (i.e., some node on which n depends). For an equivalent rule in an algebraic context, see C2 in Laws of Form.

A proof manipulates a graph by a series of steps, with each step justified by one of the above rules. If a graph can be reduced by steps to the blank page or an empty cut, it is what is now called a tautology (or the complement thereof, a contradiction). Graphs that cannot be simplified beyond a certain point are analogues of the satisfiable formulas of first-order logic.

Beta
In the case of betagraphs, the atomic expressions are no longer propositional letters (P, Q, R,...) or statements ("It rains," "Peirce died in poverty"), but predicates in the sense of predicate logic (see there for more details), possibly abbreviated to predicate letters (F, G, H,...). A predicate in the sense of predicate logic is a sequence of words with clearly defined spaces that becomes a propositional sentence if you insert a proper noun into each space. For example, the word sequence "_ x is a human" is a predicate because it gives rise to the declarative sentence "Peirce is a human" if you enter the proper name "Peirce" in the blank space. Likewise, the word sequence "_1 is richer than _2" is a predicate, because it results in the statement "Socrates is richer than Plato" if the proper names "Socrates" or "Plato" are inserted into the spaces.

Notation of betagraphs
The basic language device is the line of identity, a thickly drawn line of any form. The identity line docks onto the blank space of a predicate to show that the predicate applies to at least one individual. In order to express that the predicate "_ is a human being" applies to at least one individual – i.e. to say that there is (at least) one human being – one writes an identity line in the blank space of the predicate "_ is a human being:" The beta graphs can be read as a system in which all formula are to be taken as closed, because all variables are implicitly quantified. If the "shallowest" part of a line of identity has even depth, the associated variable is tacitly existentially (universally) quantified.

Zeman (1964) was the first to note that the beta graphs are isomorphic to first-order logic with equality (also see Zeman 1967). However, the secondary literature, especially Roberts (1973) and Shin (2002), does not agree on how this is. Peirce's writings do not address this question, because first-order logic was first clearly articulated only after his death, in the 1928 first edition of David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann's Principles of Mathematical Logic.

Gamma
Add to the syntax of alpha a second kind of simple closed curve, written using a dashed rather than a solid line. Peirce proposed rules for this second style of cut, which can be read as the primitive unary operator of modal logic.

Zeman (1964) was the first to note that the gamma graphs are equivalent to the well-known modal logics S4 and S5. Hence the gamma graphs can be read as a peculiar form of normal modal logic. This finding of Zeman's has received little attention to this day, but is nonetheless included here as a point of interest.

Peirce's role
The existential graphs are a curious offspring of Peirce the logician/mathematician with Peirce the founder of a major strand of semiotics. Peirce's graphical logic is but one of his many accomplishments in logic and mathematics. In a series of papers beginning in 1867, and culminating with his classic paper in the 1885 American Journal of Mathematics, Peirce developed much of the two-element Boolean algebra, propositional calculus, quantification and the predicate calculus, and some rudimentary set theory. Model theorists consider Peirce the first of their kind. He also extended De Morgan's relation algebra. He stopped short of metalogic (which eluded even Principia Mathematica).

But Peirce's evolving semiotic theory led him to doubt the value of logic formulated using conventional linear notation, and to prefer that logic and mathematics be notated in two (or even three) dimensions. His work went beyond Euler's diagrams and Venn's 1880 revision thereof. Frege's 1879 work Begriffsschrift also employed a two-dimensional notation for logic, but one very different from Peirce's.

Peirce's first published paper on graphical logic (reprinted in Vol. 3 of his Collected Papers) proposed a system dual (in effect) to the alpha existential graphs, called the entitative graphs. He very soon abandoned this formalism in favor of the existential graphs. In 1911 Victoria, Lady Welby showed the existential graphs to C. K. Ogden who felt they could usefully be combined with Welby's thoughts in a "less abstruse form." Otherwise they attracted little attention during his life and were invariably denigrated or ignored after his death, until the PhD theses by Roberts (1964) and Zeman (1964).

Primary literature

 * 1931–1935 & 1958. The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Volume 4, Book II: "Existential Graphs", consists of paragraphs 347–584. A discussion also begins in paragraph 617.
 * Paragraphs 347–349 (II.1.1. "Logical Diagram")—Peirce's definition "Logical Diagram (or Graph)" in Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology (1902), v. 2, p. 28. Classics in the History of Psychology Eprint.
 * Paragraphs 350–371 (II.1.2. "Of Euler's Diagrams")—from "Graphs" (manuscript 479) c. 1903.
 * Paragraphs 372–584 Eprint.
 * Paragraphs 372–393 (II.2. "Symbolic Logic")—Peirce's part of "Symbolic Logic" in Baldwin's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology (1902) v. 2, pp. 645–650, beginning (near second column's top) with "If symbolic logic be defined...". Paragraph 393 (Baldwin's DPP2 p. 650) is by Peirce and Christine Ladd-Franklin ("C.S.P., C.L.F.").
 * Paragraphs 394–417 (II.3. "Existential Graphs")—from Peirce's pamphlet A Syllabus of Certain Topics of Logic, pp. 15–23, Alfred Mudge & Son, Boston (1903).
 * Paragraphs 418–509 (II.4. "On Existential Graphs, Euler's Diagrams, and Logical Algebra")—from "Logical Tracts, No. 2" (manuscript 492), c. 1903.
 * Paragraphs 510–529 (II.5. "The Gamma Part of Existential Graphs")—from "Lowell Lectures of 1903," Lecture IV (manuscript 467).
 * Paragraphs 530–572 (II.6.)—"Prolegomena To an Apology For Pragmaticism" (1906), The Monist, v. XVI, n. 4, pp. 492-546. Corrections (1907) in The Monist v. XVII, p. 160.
 * Paragraphs 573–584 (II.7. "An Improvement on the Gamma Graphs")—from "For the National Academy of Science, 1906 April Meeting in Washington" (manuscript 490).
 * Paragraphs 617–623 (at least) (in Book III, Ch. 2, §2, paragraphs 594–642)—from "Some Amazing Mazes: Explanation of Curiosity the First", The Monist, v. XVIII, 1908, n. 3, pp. 416-464, see starting p. 440.
 * 1992. "Lecture Three: The Logic of Relatives", Reasoning and the Logic of Things, pp. 146–164. Ketner, Kenneth Laine (editing and introduction), and Hilary Putnam (commentary). Harvard University Press. Peirce's 1898 lectures in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
 * 1977, 2001. Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between C.S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby. Hardwick, C.S., ed. Lubbock TX: Texas Tech University Press. 2nd edition 2001.
 * A transcription of Peirce's MS 514 (1909), edited with commentary by John Sowa.

Currently, the chronological critical edition of Peirce's works, the Writings, extends only to 1892. Much of Peirce's work on logical graphs consists of manuscripts written after that date and still unpublished. Hence our understanding of Peirce's graphical logic is likely to change as the remaining 23 volumes of the chronological edition appear.

Secondary literature

 * Hammer, Eric M. (1998), "Semantics for Existential Graphs," Journal of Philosophical Logic 27: 489–503.
 * Ketner, Kenneth Laine
 * (1981), "The Best Example of Semiosis and Its Use in Teaching Semiotics", American Journal of Semiotics v. I, n. 1–2, pp. 47–83. Article is an introduction to existential graphs.
 * (1990), Elements of Logic: An Introduction to Peirce's Existential Graphs, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, TX, 99 pages, spiral-bound.
 * Queiroz, João & Stjernfelt, Frederik
 * (2011), "Diagrammatical Reasoning and Peircean Logic Representation", Semiotica vol. 186 (1/4). (Special issue on Peirce's diagrammatic logic.)
 * Roberts, Don D.
 * (1964), "Existential Graphs and Natural Deduction" in Moore, E. C., and Robin, R. S., eds., Studies in the Philosophy of C. S. Peirce, 2nd series. Amherst MA: University of Massachusetts Press. The first publication to show any sympathy and understanding for Peirce's graphical logic.
 * (1973). The Existential Graphs of C.S. Peirce. John Benjamins. An outgrowth of his 1963 thesis.
 * Shin, Sun-Joo (2002), The Iconic Logic of Peirce's Graphs. MIT Press.
 * Zalamea, Fernando. Peirce's Logic of Continuity. Docent Press, Boston MA. 2012. ISBN 9 780983 700494.
 * Part II: Peirce's Existential Graphs, pp. 76-162.
 * Zeman, J. J.
 * (1964), The Graphical Logic of C.S. Peirce.  Unpublished Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Chicago.
 * (1967), "A System of Implicit Quantification," Journal of Symbolic Logic 32: 480–504.

title: Existential graph


text:
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Seattle Wiknic 2019
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Great American Wiknic virtual edition 2020
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Writing Black History of the Pacific Northwest into Wikipedia - Editathon 2021
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May 2022 Seattle meetup
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Meetup in Seattle on 16 January 2024
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title: User talk:DaveClapper


text:
1882–83 in English football

The 1882–83 season was the 12th season of competitive football in England.

When the Football Association football was formed in 1863, the sport was played mainly by public schools, or teams with public school roots, and amateurism was the norm. This remained the case until the 1880s, when working-class teams began to vie for supremacy. Blackburn Olympic, a team composed mainly of factory workers, won the 1883 FA Cup Final. They were the first working-class team to win the competition since its inception in 1870. Though professionalism was not permitted, Olympic arranged jobs for their players, and supplemented their income with additional payments, a common occurrence among Lancashire clubs.

National team
* England score given first

Key
 * H = Home match

Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition

title: 1882–83 in English football