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Talk:The first four Sunni Caliphs and the Sunnah

Untitled
I think this page needs cleanup really bad... anyone else? 3L3CTRIC 33L 22:28, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Salam!

 * Told people to not do Salat, disaproveing of Tayammum, even though its in the Quran (Muslim, Muslim).

He was the supossed leader of the nation, his opinion is authorativ according to the Sunni school, how do you justify it by "he did not impose it"? People undertod it as a command, disputes arose regarding it... Was Umar the religios and political succesor, yes or no?

Of course yes, people undertod it as yes, he himself undertod it as yes Read:

Book 2, Number 2.21.85: Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from his father fromYahyaibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ha ib that he had set off for Mumra with Umar ibn al-Khattab in a party of riders, among whom was Amr ibn al-As. Umar ibn al-Khattab dismounted for a rest late at night on a certain road near a certain oasis. Umar had a wet dream when it was almost dawn and there was no water among the riding party. He rode until he came to some water and then he began to wash off what he saw of the semen until it had gone. Amr ibn al-As said to him, "It is morning and there are clothes with us, so allow your garment to be washed. Umar ibn al-Khattab said to him, "'''I am surprised at you, Amr ibn al-As! Even if you could find clothes, would everybody be able to find them? By Allah, if I were to do it, it would become a sunna. No, I wash what I see, and I sprinkle with water what I do not see'''."

Malik spoke about a man who found traces of a wet dream on his clothes and did not know when it had occurred and did not remember anything he had seen in his sleep. He said, "Let the intention of his ghusl be from the time when he last slept, and if he has prayed since that last sleep he should repeat it. This is because often a man has a wet dream and sees nothing, and often he sees something but does not have an emission. But, if he finds liquid on his garment he must do ghusl. This is because Umar repeated what he had prayed after the time he had last slept and not what was before it." http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muwatta/002.mmt.html#002.2.21.85

As you see, Umar did things beliving that he changed the Sunnah, and took that into consideration, since everybody might not be able to follow the Sunnah, and people consulted his Sunnah. And that is why people started to argue whether they should follow Umar version of the Sunnah or the Quran. Hence, he the argument that he did not impose it is not a accurate argument.

Ma Salam!

--Striver 02:04, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

By the way, Ali did not accept to all that, he did not whant to follow Umar's version of the Sunnah and therefor was not elected as the third caliph.

--Striver 02:14, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

About Abu Dharr:

Our Nabi (S) has warned us and afforded us a clear-cut guidance as to how we should behave towards our fellow-Muslims - of whatever school of thought. He said: "THREE

Things are the roots of faith: (1) Refrain from killing a person who utters "There is no god but Allah"; (2) DO NOT declare him/her an unbeliever no matter what sin he/she commits; (3) Do NOT ex-communicate him/her from Islam for any of his/her action(s)."

(Narrated by Anas ibn Malik in SUNAN ABU DAWOOD). http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/are_shias_kaafirs.htm

--Striver 04:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

First of all, note that there is no sign of controversy about tayammum as wudu. The hadith are referring to the question of whether it is valid after a seminal emission - ie whether tayammum can count as ghusl as well. Second, in the quote above, note that sunna is being used in its general Arabic meaning, not its technical one - not the sunna (custom) of the Prophet, but a sunna (custom) of Umar. - Mustafaa 17:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

"as ghusl as wel" ? "as wel" ? Where does Umar acknowledge that it can be used as Wudhu? Unless proven in som hadith, it is only conjecture. I have never seen any hadith where Umar acknowledged any type of tayamum. I wont change, since i might be wrong. Waiting for relpy.

--Striver 18:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

It is only conjecture that he would have banned Tayammum as Wudu. The circumstances described in the hadith require Ghusl, not Wudu. Unless you can find some indication that he banned Tayammum for people who had not ejaculated just previously, the sentence should neither imply that he accepted Tayammum as Wudu nor that he rejected it. - Mustafaa 23:23, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Ibadi
Ibadi POV is that Uthman and Ali both introduced Bid'ah, while Abu Bakr and Umar presumably did not. (IslamFact.com). I'm trying to find out what innovations they believe Uthman and Ali to have introduced. - Mustafaa 23:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Ok, great well add it as soon as you have more info :)

--Striver 23:32, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

mmm... Is that a Ibadi site?

--Striver 00:43, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

yeah - the only one I can find in English. (There are more in French and Arabic.) - Mustafaa 00:54, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Ok, then another question: In which whay was that a change to the sunnah?

 * In the same way that exiling Abu Dharr is. - Mustafaa 01:26, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

lol :P

Ok, lets go for it :)

--Striver 01:27, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Umar & Quran
http://www.quranbrowser.com/ make a query for "4:43, 5:6"

The Quran clearly says that tayamum can be used as ghusl. Umar desition was against the Quran. Soments? Will you still remove that if i add it?

I know that Kahlifa is not a Muslim, but whould you say that this translation of the meaning is incorrect in the relevant part of the vers and subject?

004:043 O you who believe, do not observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) while intoxicated, so that you know what you are saying. Nor after sexual orgasm without bathing, unless you are on the road, traveling; if you are ill or traveling, or you had urinary or fecal-related excretion (such as gas), or contacted the women (sexually), and you cannot find water, you shall observe Tayammum (dry ablution) by touching clean dry soil, then wiping your faces and hands therewith. GOD is Pardoner, Forgiver.

005:006 O you who believe, when you observe the Contact Prayers (Salat), you shall: (1) wash your faces, (2) wash your arms to the elbows, (3) wipe your heads, and (4) wash your feet to the ankles. If you were unclean due to sexual orgasm, you shall bathe. If you are ill, or traveling, or had any digestive excretion (urinary, fecal, or gas), or had (sexual) contact with the women, and you cannot find water, you shall observe the dry ablution (Tayammum) by touching clean dry soil, then rubbing your faces and hands. GOD does not wish to make the religion difficult for you; He wishes to cleanse you and to perfect His blessing upon you, that you may be appreciative.

--Striver 01:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm, fair point. - Mustafaa 01:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

The supporters of Umar would rather twist the Qur'an than call Umar wrong! Armyrifle

Uthman doubling prayer
The link to Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Number 1477 only claims that Uthman read the normal number of rakat when he traveled, as oppossed to the shortened number allowed by the Prophet. Furthermore, it only claims that he did so on that instance, rather than commanding others to do so during his caliphate. This particular hadith, which the article links, makes no mention of the prayer read (which this article refers to as the morning prayer). Pepsidrinka 04:59, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

I see that the point has been removed and replaced with another. According to Islamic Voice, a monthly newspaper out of India, printed in English, they provide an explanation to Uthman praying the full prayer as opposed to the concession for travelers to shorten their prayer. The short article can be read here. Pepsidrinka 16:43, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

After reading each provided hadith on this topic, none of them support the claim that Uthman "annuled the two rak'ah journey prayer." Although they do state that he did read the prayers in full, it does not neccessitate that he annuled it for everyone else. According to a majority of Sunni scholars, an alim may decide on his own to read the full prayer or the shortened concession. For the time being, unless conclusive evidence can point to an annulment for the entire Ummah, I will remove the claim and place it into the Shia view for Uthman. Pepsidrinka 06:29, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have not yet read the article you kindly posted. Is not the Ummah supposed to follow the Sunnah of the rashidun, in Sunni fiqh? --Striver 06:56, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

This article is POV and should be deleted
The very title of the article reflects a Shi'a POV -- that the first three caliphs did not follow the sunnah of Muhammad, but followed their own thoughts in the matter. It's part of the general Shi'a critique of the caliphs regarded as "usurpers". The Sunni believe that the first four caliphs were Rashidun, rightly-guided, and DID follow the sunnah.

The problem is that the "sunnah of Muhammad" is a later concept, and Muslims do not agree on what it was. Crone and Hinds, in their book God's Caliph, argue that it took quite some time for Muslims to agree to frame their debates in terms of what was really the sunnah and what wasn't. The early Muslims, they say, allowed much more religious authority to the caliphs than later Muslims, who had become cynical and saw caliphs as mere worldly rulers. By the time that arguments started focusing on finding the TRUE sunnah, it was hundreds of years and many civil wars and religious schisms later, and any version of the TRUE sunnah was hopelessly polemic and political.

I don't think I have the energy to put this on AfD right now, but I'll try to do so this weekend. Zora 05:12, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It was realy tempting to let you do the avf before showing you how wrong you are, but im not like you, stalking me and stuff...

 * ''As narrated in other Hâdîth, the Prophet r stressed that we should always stick to the Qur’ân and the reported authentic Sunnah and the Sunnah of the four righteously guided Caliphs.

 * ''stressed that we should always stick to the Qur’ân and the Sunnah and the Sunnah of the four righteously guided Caliphs.

 * C'mon Zora, Sunnis admit that Umar changed the adhan, Denied that tayammum could constitute ghusl, Reinstituted triple talaq, Forbade Mut'ah of Hajj, Forbad to combine Umrah and hajj and so on... Are you telling me that is not a change?

 * How come that the very well verse Sunni that you yourself called, Mustafaa, did not raise any such objections? You think he forgot? You think you know Sunni Islam better than Mustafaa? --Striver 06:08, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not a matter of if she knows better than Mustafaa. Being Muslim gives you no special privilege to knowledge.  I agree with Zora.  The title makes presumptions.  We can do a historical study of the Sunnah and the evolving views of it.  When were the first Shia complaints about Sunni changes made... were they in 700 or 1400... it makes a big difference.  And if Sunnis belive that Umar added the "prayer is better than sleep bit" do they frame it has "he added that" or "he changed the Sunnah".  The whole thing hinges also on what is change?  Is a car changing the Sunnah?  Muhammad surely didn't ride in one.  It's perfectly reasonable because this ttle presumes a change which ignores the Sunni case. A change implies contrary to the will of Muhammad... when Uthman doubled the morning prayer do Sunnis believe he was doing this contra the prohet or in line with the Prophet's will.  This is oversimplistic and under this title can't discuss what is important. gren グレン 06:16, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

So, you are saying that reintroducing the triple talaq,, somthing that Muhammad exlicitly forbad, is done "in line with his will"?

Are you sayin that denying that tayammum could constitute ghusl, even though the Quran says it does, twice, is "in line with his will"?

Im not talking about cars, im talking about issues directly related to faith, like how to become ritualy pure, how to pray, how to do talaq, things directly relevant to core Sharia issues --Striver 06:33, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * This is exactly the problem Striver. You are convinced that what the Sunnis did was not Muhammad's will.  I don't really know or care what his will was, I just know we need to present what their opinion is and not try to patch up the logic ourselves.  That is original research. gren グレン 06:56, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Sure, what should we rename it to? The Rashidun and Sunnah? Muhammads Sunnah and the Rashiduns Sunnah? What do you propose`? --Striver 07:09, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

You know what? I just figured out that "Rashidun" is also pov. How about The first four Sunni Caliphs and the Sunnah?--Striver 07:10, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You are completely right that Rashidun is completely right as it's a concept and we are discussing the reality. Please don't create a new article yet until we talk about it.  Let Zora and whomever else weigh in... but, I think that title is better than this.  I was thinking of just adding this to Sunnah since it's not too large yet and finding a logical break if we need it.  This list style we have now won't do though... it's very misleading... there needs to be discussion.  So, jsut wait for Zora but your point about using the right guided in the title is correct. gren グレン 07:16, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

I dont like the idea of merging this. But if a proposal for re-write is made, like in here, we could evaluate it. But i do not support giving Zora free hand to butcher this, and then demand her version to be taken for granted. --Striver 07:31, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Having looked at Sunnah -- it's short, it doesn't explain the full complexity of the concept, and it's just the right place to discuss the Shi'a charge that the first three caliphs innovated in bad ways. I'd also like to have some clarification -- the Sunnah article currently says that the Shi'a say that Muhammad and the Twelve Imams can establish Sunnah ... does that mean that it was OK for the Imams to overrule the sunnah of Muhammad? did they ever do so? Also, the Sunnah article seems to assume that the Twelvers are the only Shi'a. But that isn't true. The Nizari Ismailis recognize a living Imam, the Aga Khan -- can he change the Sunnah?

 * I'd prefer a merge. I think Striver could actually contribute there to adding info on Shi'a concepts of Sunnah, which includes all the material in this article plus more. Zora 07:44, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * That sounds good to me. Striver, as far as butchering goes this article is butchered.  I don't mean that as in totally useless or wrong... but it's choppy.  Random ideas thrown in place and not explained.  You may disagree with how Zora or I or anybody tries to bring it together... but, it does need to come together, so help us do that. gren グレン 08:11, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

answer
Why not creat some section in the Sunnah article, and when we have reached a agreed version, we can VFD this article. --Striver 10:29, 17 December 2005 (UTC)
 * If there's no fight about merging, then we don't need to jump through administrative hoops. We just have to give notice of the proposed merge and leave the matter open for a few days, to give other people time to comment. Zora 11:31, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Point is, i dont know if i support a merge, since i dont know what you have in mind. But im prepared to look and see. Make the additions to Sunnah, if that reders this article supeficial, then we might think about deleting it.--Striver 01:25, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Claim that Umar changed the athan
It is related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud that the Prophet authorized the addition of "prayer is better than sleep" in the morning athan. Source. Pepsidrinka 04:37, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Ok, cool, that puts it down to the "Shi'a view" instead of the "Sunni view". --Striver 05:19, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

You again asserted the Sunni view is that Umar changed the athan. However, the source you cite is the following
 * Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the muadhdhin came to Umar ibn al-Khattab to call him to the subh prayer and found him sleeping, so he said, "Prayer is better than sleep," and Umar ordered him to put that in the adhan for subh.

It is obvious from this that the adhan is not mentioned in the general, but rather just the athan for subh, or fajr. Furthermore, I have provided reference to where the "Sunni view" is that the Prophet originally allowed for the phrases to be added to the Fajr athan, does refuting the claim that Umar "changed the sunnah." Pepsidrinka 05:33, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

I apologise, i meant to move it to the "Shi'a view", but forgot to delet it from the "Sunni view". Thanks for the help. --Striver 05:59, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Shia's and Sunni Hadith
I was under the impression that Shias don't accept hadith reported by Imams Bukhari or Muslim, or any of the prominent Sunni hadith collectors. I could be wrong, but how are these Shia views substantiated by Sunni sources. I am not saying that these views are false, just the proofs given for them, atleast as far as I know, are incorrect. Perhaps a Shia could clarify this issue for me. Pepsidrinka 01:55, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Shi'a and Sunni have differet ways of authenticating. This particular topics are autheticated by Shi'a sources, but i dont have them right now. If you want, i could try to find them, but i have other things i prefer to do. We have for exampel a hadith wher Imam Ali is complaining abut people crying "Sunnah of Umar" when he tried to stop people from doing the Ramadan 20 rakat prayar. --Striver 04:37, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * My only objection is the use of Sunni hadith to "prove" a Shia viewpoint when most Shia's would not agree with the narrator. For example, on one of the points, there is a hadith narrated by Abu Huraira, whom I am almost positive Shia's don't accept his testimony. Shia views should be backed up with Shia hadith. Pepsidrinka 20:50, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Pepsidrinka, the attempt to prove the Sunni wrong from sources they accept has long been a feature of Shi'a polemic. It's a well-worn path, prominently featured in Shi'a publication and on Shi'a websites, which is why Striver can cut-n-paste the relevant hadith easily, and why Shi'a have given the hadith names (the same way chessplayers have names for various "gambits"). Zora 21:59, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I am aware of these Shi'a sites. However, the difference with what Striver is doing and what those Shi'a sites are doing is significant. Those sites are essentially trying to prove to the Sunni that their beliefs are wrong based on their own sources. What an encyclopedia should be is to convey to a layman the sunni/shi'a stance from their own sources and let people decide on their own. Unless you can back these Shi'a claims with Shi'a sources, they are no longer relevant.

 * I dont agree. It only means they are not perfectly sourced. Nobody denies they are Shi'a views.--Striver 17:14, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Gasib-e-fidak
What does it mean? Pepsidrinka 20:45, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Complete OR
As of now the article is purely original research, citing not a single secondary source. If sources are not added, most of the content may have to be removed.Bless sins 16:34, 3 September 2007 (UTC)


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User:Kmlin

Hi world

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Kmlin


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Talk:Asexual reproduction of plants

New stuff at bottom, please.

To merge or not to merge, that is the question
I know that this was an assignment for our class, so I will work on merging this and editing it this week. No hard feelings. ~cpsmath

This topic deserves an article in its own right. Don't merge it! The merge will just be reverted anyway. On the other hand, the stub Asexual Reproduction should be expanded, and an Asexual Reproduction of Animals should exist if it doesn't. 4.250.27.24 06:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I readded the merge tag because I have a different idea. Since you have some potentially great info about vegetative reproduction, why not add that in on that page and then put the rest on asexual reproduction? The part about advantages/disadvantages fits there perfectly and the other stuff isn't enough to justify a full article I think. -Schrei 07:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I don't know whether to merge this page or not.

Certianly no merging is called for. A general discussion of asexual reproduction would become too incomprehensible if burdened with an extensive article about plant propogation. The subjects are certainly closely related, but for convience sake it is better to have then seperate and linked. ~Jayar Thnen, horticulture student

The terms asexual reproduction and vegetative reproduction are not synonymous. There is enough of a difference in usage that I would recommend against merging. The two articles should be prominently linked, however. --User:EncycloPetey, botany freak, 7 Oct 2005

 * I concur. We have 2 options: 1 is to merge them and bias an article encompassing all organisms towards plants. 2 is to have articles on asexual reproduction for each of the kingdoms--not just plants and animals--and have summaries of each on the asexual reproduction page, with a "main article" link. I favor #2. HereToHelp 12:30, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have removed the accuracy dispute template since there have only been a few edits recently and there does not actually seem to be any accuracy dispute.

 * I agree the two subjects are sufficiently different to justify two articles, but the relevant parts of this article should be merged into Vegetative reproduction which is a more standard botanical terminology than "Asexual reproduction of plants" also a poor article title. Essentially, User:Schrei has the right approach - Marshman 04:21, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Asexual reproduction of plants


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Irving Segal

Irving Ezra Segal (1918–1998) was an American mathematician known for work on theoretical quantum mechanics. He shares credit for what is often referred to as the Segal–Shale–Weil representation. Early in his career Segal became known for his developments in quantum field theory and in functional and harmonic analysis, in particular his innovation of the algebraic axioms known as C*-algebra.

Biography
Irving Ezra Segal was born in the Bronx on September 13, 1918, to Jewish parents. He attended school in Trenton. In 1934 he was admitted to Princeton University, at the age of 16. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, completed his undergraduate studies in just three years time, graduated with highest honors with a bachelor's degree in 1937, and was awarded the George B. Covington Prize in Mathematics. He was then admitted to Yale, and in another three years time had completed his doctorate, receiving his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1940. Segal taught at Harvard University, then he joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton on a Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, working from 1941 to 1943 with Albert Einstein and John von Neumann. During World War II Segal served in the US Army conducting research in ballistics at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. He joined the mathematics department at the University of Chicago in 1948 where he served until 1960. In 1960 he joined the mathematics department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he remained as a professor until his death in 1998. During his career he supervised 40 doctoral students — 15 at the University of Chicago and 25 at M.I.T. He won three Guggenheim Fellowships, in 1947, 1951 and 1967, and received the Humboldt Award in 1981. He was an Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1966 in Moscow and in 1970 in Nice. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973.

In 1983 Victor Guillemin edited a festschrift dedicated to Irving Segal. Physics Today published a review of Introduction to Algebraic and Constructive Quantum Field Theory (1992), which Segal coauthored.

Segal died in Lexington, Massachusetts, on August 30, 1998. Edward Nelson's obituary article about Segal concludes: "... It is rare for a mathematician to produce a life work that at the time can be fully and confidently evaluated by no one, but the full impact of the work of Irving Ezra Segal will become known only to future generations."

Chronometric cosmology
Segal provided an alternative to the Big Bang theory of expansion of the universe. The cosmological redshift that motivates the expanding universe theory is due to curvature of the cosmos, according to Segal. Spacetime symmetry is expressed by the Lorentz group and its extension the Poincaré group. “The inclusion of the Einstein temporal evolution among the fundamental symmetries gives rise to the conformal group...” But conformal compactification introduces closed timelike curves so Segal portrayed the spatial part of the cosmos as a large 3-sphere with an auxiliary real line for time. Spacetime cannot turn back on itself. At each point in the cosmos there is a convex future direction, meaning, "the future can never merge into the past", no spacetime curvature can close or loop.

Segal reviewed redshift data to verify his cosmology. He claimed confirmation, but generally his chronometric cosmology has not found favor. For instance, Abraham H. Taub reviewed Mathematical Cosmology and Extragalactic Astronomy, saying "The chronometric theory as described in this book is not a theory concerning the nature of the universe nor the behaviour of objects in it. Rather it ignores the effect of gravitational forces on these objects, postulates that astronomical bodies in it are at rest without explaining how this happens and ascribes the redshift to a particular description of methods of measurement which is at variance with that used in theories such as general relativity."

As for the cosmic microwave background, in the chronometric view, "The observed blackbody... is simply the most likely disposition of remnants of light on a purely random basis... and is not at all uniquely indicative of a Big Bang."

In 2005 A. Daigneault spoke on "Irving Segal's Axiomatization of Spacetime and its Cosmological Consequences" in Budapest. "The cosmological consequences of [Segal's] assumptions fly in the face of present day dogmas in cosmology: the universe is eternal; there is no such thing as the expansion of the universe and no such thing as a Big Bang; space is a hypersphere i.e. a three-dimensional sphere of fixed radius; the principle of energy conservation is reestablished; the redshift phenomenon is no Doppler effect but is an effect of the curvature of space ... (page 3)"

He concedes at the outset that Segal's cosmology is "generally ignored by astrophysicists", and that the model was first proposed by Einstein in 1917 and is "supposedly discredited".

Selected publications
For a list of 227 articles and 10 books to which Segal contributed, see the MIT external link below.

 * 1951:
 * 1962: Lectures at the Boulder Summer Seminar, American Mathematical Society
 * 1963:
 * 1968: (with Ray Kunze)
 * 1976:
 * 1992: (with John C. Baez and Zhengfang Zhou)
 * 1993: (with Nicoll, J.F., Wu, P., Zhou, Z.) Statistically Efficient Testing of the Hubble and Lundmark Laws on IRAS Galaxy Samples, The Astrophysical Journal 465–484
 * 1995: (with Zhou, Z.) Maxwell's Equations in the Einstein Universe and Chronometric Cosmology, ApJS. Ser. 100, 307–324
 * 1997: "Cosmic time dilation", The Astrophysical Journal 482:L115–17

title: Irving Segal


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Talk:Hype!

Odd picture choice
Wouldn't it be more appropriate to have the DVD cover instead of the soundtrack CD's cover? This cover is one of the several images User:Mjgm84 uploaded for no reason and really isn't being used for an appropriate article. Maybe it'd be good for an article on the actual soundtrack, but it is kind of out of place here. -- LGagnon 02:06, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

This problem has been fixed with the addition of the infobox and DVD cover image. Planetneutral 03:25, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hype.jpg
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BetacommandBot 05:55, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hype!


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Orange County Airport (New York)

New York's Orange County Airport is an untowered airport located one nautical mile (2 km) southwest of the village of Montgomery, in the Town of Montgomery, United States, at the junction of state highways 211 and 416. It is owned and operated by Orange County. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

It is a popular place for aspiring local pilots to learn to fly or practice their skills. With 125,000 takeoffs and landings annually, it was New York's second-busiest general-aviation airport in 2006.

Transmissions between pilots and the airport are rebroadcast on a one-watt station at 88.1 megahertz, so it is possible to tune into them on a standard car radio while driving in the vicinity.

The airport's low traffic and out-of-the-way location have made it a popular place to store private jets. In 2006 county officials were reported to be working on a deal with a local developer to build 10 private luxury hangars to cater to what they saw as a growing market and raise money for the airport without raising taxes.

Facilities and aircraft
Orange County Airport covers an area of 596 acre at an elevation of 364 ft above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 4/22 is 5006 by and 8/26 is 3664 by.

There are three corporate facilities at KMGJ. Take Flight Aviation, voted as 2018's Best Flight School in the United States by AOPA, offers flight training and aircraft management as well as aircraft acquisition and consultation. Avquest Aviation Services also offers flight training and aircraft management in addition to aircraft maintenance and sales. Taylor Aviation, Inc. offers charter services, aircraft sales and brokerage, maintenance and storage as well as management and consulting. Mid Hudson Aviation, LLC offers aircraft maintenance as well as management and consulting.

For the 12-month period ending August 5, 2010, the airport had 120,000 aircraft operations, an average of 328 per day: 97% general aviation, 2% air taxi, and 1% military. At that time there were 140 aircraft based at this airport: 88% single-engine, 9% multi-engine, and 3% jet.

In 2017 it was reported that the airport had had 100,000 takeoffs and landings the year before, 80% of which had been recreational with the remainder business-related. The airport currently has 130 hangars and has a total of 166 based aircraft. Two pilots keep Czech-made fighter jets at the airport.

In January 2019, a runway realignment project was completed. The project had first been conceived more than 20 years earlier but construction did not get underway until 2014. Ninety percent of the funding for the $30 million project was provided by the federal government.

History
The airport was built as an Army training field in 1942. It was turned over to the county 20 years later.

The airport was also the site of SCCA National Sports Car Championship races in the late 1950s. The 1956 race was won by the legendary Carroll Shelby.

On July 17, 1960, NASCAR came to the airport with the Empire State 200, on a two-mile (3.2 km) course. Rex White held off Richard Petty for the win, in front of about 5,000 fans; the mediocre attendance killed any chance of making the race an annual event, as was planned. It remains the only NASCAR event ever held in the Hudson Valley.

In 2016 the airport began a three-year project to move one of the runways a thousand feet (300 m) to the north and change its angle by 8 degrees in order to provide a buffer zone at the ends required by the FAA for emergency landings (previously, the runway had ended at the Wallkill River). along with a new taxiway adjacent to it. The project is mostly being paid for by the FAA; the state and county have contributed 10% of the $33 million cost. Since a pond had to be filled in for the project, it was necessary under state law to create a replacement wetland, which cost $1 million.

title: Orange County Airport (New York)


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Varamin

Varamin is a city in the Central District of Varamin County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

At the 2006 census, its population was 208,569 in 53,639 households. The following census in 2011 counted 218,991 people in 62,884 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 225,628 people in 69,190 households.

Etymology
The word "Varamin" has been recorded with the same spelling and pronunciation in Perso-Arabic script since 3rd A.H. century. While its etymology is not clear, there have been many speculations which are almost all not more than guesses. The entry "Varām" in Burhan-i Qati is defined as:"... Things that are easy and light, and a city in Mulk-i Rayy that is known also as Varāmin." Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi says "Varām" is a variant of the name Bahram (equivalent to Vahram in Pahlavi and Armenian), and may be from Varām+in meaning 'place of Bahram.'

The name has been transliterated in Latin scripts in many ways; such as Veramin, Veramine, Weramin, Weramine, Veraumin, and other variants, while Encyclopedia Iranica uses Varāmīn.

History
Until 1220s, Varamin was an agricultural center of Ray. The raiding of Ray by the invading Mongols caused a flux of migration and economical growth during Mongol Ilkhanid rule. Thus, Varamin developed into an urban center. A Vizier of Ilkhanid Abu Sa'id, named Yusuf Quhadhi built the Jameh Mosque of Varamin. Other significant monuments from this era, include mausoleum of Imamzadeh Yahya, Aladdin Tower, Imamzadeh Shah Husayn, and Sharif mosque. At the turn of 14th century, Varamin started to decline due to Timurid Empire armies' invasions. In 1405, Ruy González de Clavijo described the city as mostly deserted, although during early Timurid rule, a minor restoration was applied to the Jameh mosque and Imamzadeh Hosein Reza was built. By 16th century, Tehran started to grow as the major city of the region.

Ilkhanid architecture
During the Mongol Ilkhanate, as a result of the economic growth in the region, Varamin became an urban center and most of the significant historical monuments of this city belong to this period. Including:

Jameh mosque
The most famous building of the city, the Jameh mosque's construction began during Öljaitü's reign and completed in during his son's rule in 1322.

Aladdin tower
A cylindrical tomb with a conic dome was built in 1289 over a local ruler's grave.

Imamzadeh Yahya
The tomb of a descendant of Muhammad in the city, famed for its tile-works. The tomb was constructed in 1307.

Others
Other than the three mentioned above, another tomb known as Shah Hoseyn was also built in Ilkhanid era. Portal of Masjid-i Sharif, which does not exist nowadays is mentioned to be completed in 1307. An Ilkhanid graveyard was unearthed in 2016.

Other sites
Other than above buildings, mausoleums of Hosein Reza, Sakinehbanu, Kowkab a-ddin, Seyyed Fathollah, and Zaid Abolhassan are other historical monuments. Additionally, historians have mentioned the Razaviyeh historical madrasah adjacent to the Jameh Mosque, also Varamin Castle, 1500 feet from the Jameh Mosque, has also been a noted by travelers, both the madrasah and citadel do not also exist today.

Sugar refinery factory
Varamin Sugar Refinery Factory was built in 1934–1935 by Nikolai Markov and is the very first sugar refinery factory in Iran and Middle East. Since 2007 and privatization, its produce has been reduced because of shortage in ingredients.

Oil-extracting factory
Varamin Oil-extracting factory was built in 1938–1939 and is the first producer of vegetable oil in Iran.

Carpets and rugs
Carpets and rugs of Varamin are among most famous carpets in the world. Many rug and carpet experts see Varamins as purer Persian carpets. They have geometric patterns with repeated medallions, especially on runners. They are made by tribal people who either live in or pass by Varamin.

Climate
According to the information of the State Meteorological Organization of Iran, the long-term average annual rainfall of Varamin is around 107.5 mm

Islamic Azad University
Islamic Azad University Varamin-Pishva Branch was established in 1985. This branch has more than 86 different majors and capacity of 15,000 students.

title: Varamin


text:
Kaye Ballard

Kaye Ballard (November 20, 1925 – January 21, 2019) was an American actress, comedian, and singer.

Early life
Ballard was born Catherine Gloria Balotta in Cleveland, Ohio, one of four children born to Italian immigrant parents, Lena (née Nacarato) and Vincenzo (later Vincent James) Balotta. Her parents immigrated to the United States from Calabria, a region of southern Italy.

Career
Ballard established herself as a musical comedian in the 1940s, joining the Spike Jones touring revue of entertainers. Capable of playing broad physical comedy as well as stand-up dialogue routines, she became familiar in television and stage productions. Ballard made her television debut on Henry Morgan's Great Talent Hunt, a short-lived program hosted by Henry Morgan which first aired January 26, 1951. In 1954, she was the first person to record the song "Fly Me to the Moon".

In 1957, she and Alice Ghostley played the two wicked stepsisters in the live telecast of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, starring Julie Andrews in the title role. During the 1961–1963 television seasons, Ballard was a regular on The Perry Como Show, as part of the Kraft Music Hall Players, along with Don Adams, Paul Lynde and Sandy Stewart. In 1962, she released the LP Peanuts, on which she played Lucy van Pelt from the comic strip namesake of the album (with Arthur Siegel playing Charlie Brown), and dramatizing a series of vignettes drawn from the strip's archive. In 1964, she had a guest role on The Patty Duke Show (Season 1, Episode 25), playing a teacher for would-be models. From 1967 to 1969, she co-starred as Kaye Buell, a woman whose son marries her next door neighbor's daughter, in the sitcom The Mothers-in-Law, with Eve Arden playing her neighbour. From 1970 to 1972, she appeared as a regular on The Doris Day Show, playing restaurant owner Angie Pallucci. She made appearances on the game show Match Game. In 1977, she was a guest star on The Muppet Show. She also appeared on the television series Alice, in which she played a kleptomaniac and phony medium as well as Daddy Dearest, where she guest-starred opposite Richard Lewis and Don Rickles.

Ballard starred on Broadway as Helen in The Golden Apple (1954) introducing the song "Lazy Afternoon". She portrayed Ruth in Joseph Papp's The Pirates of Penzance, Rosalie in Carnival! and the title role in Molly, an unsuccessful musical adaptation of the popular radio serial The Goldbergs. She created the role of the Countess and closed out-of-town in Marc Blitzstein's Reuben, Reuben, and played Ruth Sherwood in Wonderful Town at New York City Center in 1963.

In Long Beach, California, she played Mama Morton in Chicago and fought with a vacuum cleaner as Pauline in No, No, Nanette. In 1998, she played Hattie Walker in the Paper Mill Playhouse's acclaimed revival of Stephen Sondheim's Follies. In 2005, she appeared in a road-company production of Nunsense, written by Dan Goggin. The following year, she completed her autobiography How I Lost 10 Pounds in 53 Years.

In 1995, she was awarded a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars.

She appeared in The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! as Madam A-Go-Go, a mysterious fortune teller who appears in the episode "Fortune Teller". She also performed with The Fabulous Palm Springs Follies at the Plaza Theatre in Palm Springs, California.

In December 2010, she, Donna McKechnie and Liliane Montevecchi starred in a production of From Broadway with Love, staged at the Lensic Theater in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Ballard was in the 2012 cabaret show Doin' It for Love, which premiered in Austin, Texas at the Paramount Theatre. Starring Ballard and Montevecchi, the cast included Broadway dancer Lee Roy Reams. (The Austin performance benefited the Texas Humane Legislation Network. ) The show then went on to play in Los Angeles on March 8 and 10, 2012. Ballard announced her official retirement in 2015 at the age of 89.

Death
Ballard died at her home in Rancho Mirage, California, on January 21, 2019, at the age of 93. The cause was kidney cancer, according to a friend.

Stage work

 * Three to Make Ready (1946)
 * That's the Ticket! (Phila. 1948)
 * Touch and Go (London, 1950)
 * Top Banana (1952) (replacement for Rose Marie)
 * The Golden Apple (1954)
 * Reuben, Reuben (1955) (closed on the road)
 * Wonderful Town (1958; 1963)
 * Carnival! (1961)
 * Gypsy (Dallas, 1962)
 * The Beast in Me (1963)
 * Royal Flush (1964) (closed on the road)
 * The Decline and Fall of the Entire World as Seen Through the Eyes of Cole Porter (1965, Off-Broadway)
 * Minnie's Boys (1972)
 * Molly (1973)
 * Gypsy (1973)
 * Sheba (1974) (closed on the road)
 * Apartment 8 Strikes Back (1980)
 * The Pirates of Penzance (1981) (replacement for Estelle Parsons)
 * Pippin (1982)
 * Hey, Ma ... Kaye Ballard (1984)
 * High Spirits (1984)
 * She stoops to conquer (1984, Off-Broadway)
 * The Ladies Who Wrote the Lyrics (1985)
 * Kaye Ballard: Working 42nd St. at Last! (1988, Off-Broadway)
 * Nymph Errant (1989)
 * Funny Girl (1991; 1997; 2002)
 * Hey, Ma - Working Hollywood Blvd. at Last! (1991)
 * Chicago (1992, Long Beach)
 * No, No, Nanette (1994, Long Beach; 1997, Paper Mill Playhouse)
 * Over the River and Through the Woods (1998, Off-Broadway)
 * Follies (1998, Paper Mill Playhouse)
 * The Full Monty (2001)
 * Funny Girl (2002, New York in concert)
 * Quartet (2002, 2006)
 * Nunsense (2003)

title: Kaye Ballard


text:
File:The Letter poster.jpg

Summary
The Letter (1940 movie)

Fair use in The Letter (1940 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:The Letter poster.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rachel Blum

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. jni 08:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Rachel Blum
Delete non-notable vanity. Without wishing her to feel second rate, she can have an article when she's famous. -Splash 02:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please do not Delete While it might seem "vain" to some, she has won Lincoln Douglas debate in a highschool league and is famous within the homeschool debate community.
 * Please do not Delete Entry expanded to include some of her numerous awards. Also, it is not vanity because Rachel did not write it.
 * Within the context of Wikipedia deletion debates, WP:VAIN has a particular meaning which you might find useful. DS 14:24, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as a vanity page. Joyous  (talk) 02:31, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Borisblue 02:39, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Gwk 03:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Probably only known in her own suburb and school, if that. Harro5 03:58, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete agree with Splash Hamster Sandwich 04:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Extra specially fantastically deletable vanity. -EDM 04:11, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete As many who have done quite well in high school have learned, high school achievements alone will be quite difficult to use to establish notability in Wikipedia or in the real world, and I do think the non-notable issue is more important here than vanity. Sirmob 04:20, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Extemporaneous, impromptu delete. Dcarrano 04:45, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not worth mentioning. — Stevey7788 (talk) 05:37, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Cnwb 07:49, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 12:28, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity and as non-notable. (Unsigned vote by Briangotts)
 * Delete nn high school vanity. --Etacar11 23:55, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is an encyclopaedia, people, not a yearbook. Once she's notable, she'll get her article. --Titoxd 01:03, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Stan Pitt

Stanley John Joseph Pitt (2 March 1925 – 2 April 2002) was an Australian cartoonist and commercial artist. Pitt was the first Australian comic artist to have original work published by a major American comic book company. He often collaborated with his brother, Reginald Pitt.

Biography
Stanley Pitt was born in Rozelle, New South Wales (an inner western suburb of Sydney), on 2 March 1925, the son of plasterer George William Pitt and his wife Ethel. Pitt enjoyed drawing as a schoolboy and got into trouble for spending more time drawing than on his schoolwork. In 1942, whilst working as a milkman he had his first professional work, Anthony Fury, published by Australian Consolidated Press. Pitt was heavily influenced by the classic style of Alex Raymond's artwork the creator of Flash Gordon, particularly his method of switching from a pen to a brush. The following year he began illustrating comics, written by Frank Ashley, for Frank Johnson Publications. These included Larry Flynn, Detective. Pitt had no art training and no opportunity to associate with other Johnson artists, like Unk White, Carl Lyon and Jim Russell.

In 1945, he produced comic strip advertisements for Colgate Palmolive, which led to Associated Newspapers placing him under contract to develop a new science fiction strip, Silver Starr (or Silver Starr in the Flameworld). Silver Starr debuted in the Sydney newspapers The Guardian and Sunday Sun on 24 November 1946. The strips ran until November 1948, where following a dispute regarding the print size of the strip Pitt left the paper. Silver Starr was a Flash Gordon-style comic strip centred on an Australian soldier, Silver, who on his return from the Second World War, joins an expedition, with his companions, Dr. Onro and Dyson, to the Earth's interior aboard a rocket-style ship. Together, they discover the incredible "Flame World" and its ruler, Queen Pristine (Pitt's compliment to Raymond's Dale Arden), rescuing her from the evil despot, Tarka (another acknowledgement to Raymond's character Ming the Merciless). John Ryan, in his Australian comic anthology Panel by Panel, describes the strip as having story lines of average standard for this type of comic with the real attraction being the artwork. "Under Pitt's deft handling, the scenes of rock formations and underground caverns came to life; as did the seas of molten lava and the ship winding its way through rock and water."

In 1948, Pitt produced Jim Atlas and Dr Peril of Igogo as back-up stories for the early issues of Captain Atom, a superhero comic by Arthur Mather published by Atlas Publications.

Pitt was then employed by John Fairfax and Sons for their new paper, The Sun-Herald, where he produced a new science fiction comic strip, Captain Power, with the storyline provided by journalist Gerry Brown, the first issue appearing on 6 March 1949. Captain Power relied heavily on super-hero style costumes and gadgets for its impact. He continued to illustrate the strip until June 1950, when the pressure of other work saw him pass the strip onto Peter James. At the time Pitt commenced illustrating Yarmak-Jungle King comics, for Young's Merchandising, in November 1949, which he continued until June 1952. Yarmak was a Tarzan imitation, with the comic illustrated by Pitt and inked at various stages by Frank and Jimmy Ashley and Paul Wheelahan, with the stories written by Frank Ashley or Pitt's younger brother, Reginald. The quality of the comic varied from issue to issue given the number of people involved in its production. Together with his brother, Reginald, he attempted to get two strips, Lemmy Caution and Mr Midnight, syndicated in the United States, when this failed he joined Cleveland Press in 1956, where he created a new series of Silver Starr. During his time at Cleveland Press, Pitt produced over 3,000 pulp fiction covers.

The two brothers then commenced work on a new comic, Gully Foyle. This was conceived by Reginald, based on Alfred Bester's science fiction novel The Stars My Destination. "The book made an indelible impression on me for so many years, even though it would be 10 years before we finally got the chance to do it." According to writer Kevin Patrick, Stan and Reginald's process involved producing black and white bromide photo prints that Stan then coloured by hand; these were then forwarded to Bester in the United States for approval. According to Patrick, the brothers completed several months of the comic strip for potential syndication but then faced a legal objection from the producers of a proposed film version of The Stars My Destination, who held exclusive adaptation rights to the book. Unable to sell the strip, the brothers stopped work on the project, with only a few pieces of their artwork eventually making it into the public domain, through a number of fanzines.

As a result of his artwork on the unpublished Gully Foyle, Pitt was approached by two US publishers to handle comic book work for them. Pitt then became the first Australian artist to have original material published in an American comic book, with the publication of The Witching Hour No. 14 (National Periodical Publications, Inc) and Boris Karloff – Tales of Mystery No. 33 (Western Publishing).

In 1969, the US cartoonist, Al Williamson, arranged for Pitt to ghost an eleven-week sequence of his daily strip, Secret Agent Corrigan, which was followed by a further four weeks in 1972. Pitt also provided poster illustrations for his childhood hero, Flash Gordon.

In 2001, a limited edition of Gully Foyle was finally published and released. Pitt died on 2 April 2002, at the age of 77.

In 2019, Stan and Reg Pitt were awarded the Ledger of Honour at the annual Ledger Awards

title: Stan Pitt


text:
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai

Pattom A. Thanu Pillai (15 July 1885 – 27 July 1970) was an Indian politician and independence activist who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of Kerala from 1960 to 1962. He was considered a central figure in Kerala politics.

Early life
Born in Thiruvananthapuram, A.Thanu Pillai was born into a Nair family as the son of Varada Aiyer and Eswari Amma. While working as Deputy Chief in the State Agriculture department, he earned his law degree from Law College, Thiruvananthapuram and started his legal practice as an advocate. Under the influence of his mentor A. Narayana Pillai, he was attracted towards the newly formed Travancore State Congress and he abandoned full-time practice in favour of agitating for responsible government. Following the Narayana Pillai sedition trial, he took over the leadership of Indian National Congress in Travancore.

Early politics
Pattom Thanu Pillai remained as one of the leaders of Indian National Congress during the period when Kingdom of Travancore became an Independent state and later merged with Cochin to form Travancore-Cochin, and was one of the state's representatives in the Constituent Assembly. In the Assembly, he spoke on matters relating to federalism.

Later politics
First Prime Minister of Travancore After the accession of Travancore state to the Indian Union, P. G. N. Unnithan took over as the last Dewan of independent Travancore on 20 August 1947 following the resignation of C. P. Ramaswami Iyer. Unnithan chaired the Travancore Constitutional Reforms Committee and relinquished office on 24 March 1948 when a people's government with Thanu Pillai as the first Prime Minister of the Independent Travancore took over.

The members of the First Travancore State Council
He resigned as Prime Minister of Travancore on 17 October 1948. He was succeeded by Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai as the second and last Prime Minister of Travancore.

After India's independence in 1947, Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. It was originally called United State of Travancore and Cochin with Trivandrum as the capital. It was renamed State of Travancore-Cochin in January 1950 and was recognized as a state. During the merger E. Ikkanda Warrier was the prime minister of the state of Cochin. Warrier resigned as the last prime minister of the state of Cochin on 30 June 1949 helping the merger of the two states. Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai was unanimously elected the leader of the Congress Legislature Party and he assumed charge as the first chief minister of Travancore-Cochin from 1 July 1949.

Positions and work
First Ministry of the state of Travancore-Cochin headed by Parur T. K. Narayana Pillai resigned on 24 February 1951 following a corruption charge on the ministry. He was succeeded by C. Kesavan as the second Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin. The first assembly of the state of Travancore-Cochin was dissolved on 12 March 1952 following the resignation of C Kesavan. Following the elections to the Legislative Assembly, held on 27 March 1952, A. J. John became the third Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin. The second assembly of Travancore-Cochin lasted till 16 March 1954. By that time Thanu Pillai left Indian National Congress and joined Praja Socialist Party (PSP).

In the election for the third Legislative Assembly of Travancore-Cochin held in 1954, Praja Socialist Party won 19 seats (out of the contested 38) and formed a coalition government along with the Indian National Congress (INC) who had won 45 seats. Thanu Pillai became the fourth Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin with the support of INC on 16 March 1954. He resigned on 10 February 1955 and was succeeded by Panampilly Govinda Menon as the last Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin. He remained in office till 23 March 1956. After that, the state remained under President's rule till 5 April 1957. During this time the State of Kerala was formed under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.

After the first ever elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957, the Communist Party of India emerged as the single largest party. E M S Namboodiripad formed the first elected government with the support of 5 independent legislators. The government was not able to complete its full 5 year term. The Communist-led government was dissolved as a consequence of the movement known as the Vimochana Samaram (Liberation Struggle). The Communist government was dismissed on 31 July 1959 and President's rule was imposed in the state under Article 356 of the constitution. Fresh elections were held in 1960 and Thanu Pillai became the second Chief Minister of Kerala, as head of a PSP-INC-Muslim League coalition administration. He assumed office on 22 February 1960. However, he resigned on 26 September 1962 to make way for R. Sankar of the INC as the next Chief Minister of the state. He was appointed Governor of Punjab on 1 October 1962 and later Governor of Andhra Pradesh on 4 May 1964 and remained in office till 11 April 1968.

Resignation and death
Two years after resigning as Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Pattom Thanu Pillai died on 27 July 1970, aged 85 at his home in Thiruvananthapuram. He was cremated with full state honours at the premises of his home.

title: Pattom A. Thanu Pillai


text:
Lone Star Series

The Lone Star Series (also known as the Silver Boot Series) is a Major League Baseball (MLB) rivalry featuring Texas' two major league franchises, the Houston Astros and Texas Rangers. It is an outgrowth of the "natural rivalry" established by MLB as part of interleague play as the Rangers are a member of the American League (AL) and the Astros were a member of the National League (NL) until. During interleague play, the winner of the six-game series was awarded the Silver Boot, a 30 in tall display of a size 15 cowboy boot cast in silver, complete with a custom, handmade spur. If each team had won three games each for a tie, the declared winner was the team that scored the most runs over the course of the series. In, the Astros joined the American League West with the Rangers and changed their rivalry from an interleague to an intradivision contest. The rivalry, which was once dormant, has become far more heated in recent seasons. From 2013 to 2022 (excluding the shortened 2020 season), 19 games were played each season. Beginning in 2023, the teams play each other 13 times a year.

Background
The Greater Houston and Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex (DFW) areas have been rivals in sports and other areas for many years. Differences, not related to baseball, include the weather during the summer, population, cultural, and allegiance preferences between the different regions of Texas. Both Greater Houston and DFW have humid subtropical climates; however, DFW mostly has dry winds in the summer and sometimes icy conditions in the winter, with some frost at night, compared to Greater Houston's severe relative humidity and minimal wind, except near the coast, and milder winter conditions. The Metroplex is located inland in North Texas while Houston is in the face of the Gulf of Mexico in Southeast Texas. The city of Dallas has the ninth largest population in the United States and third largest population in Texas; the city of Houston has the fourth largest population in the United States and largest population in Texas. DFW is the fourth largest metropolitan area in the United States, while the Greater Houston area is the fifth largest.

History
The Lone Star Series was the consequence of many things that happened to Texas in the 1950s: population shift westward from metropolitan areas on the East Coast, the space program, more modernized higher education, and the formation of the brief Continental League resulting in expansion in Major League Baseball shortly thereafter.

1962: Texas has its first major league team, the Colt .45s
The first serious proposal to bring big league baseball to Texas came in the late 1950's with the planned Continental League, in which charter franchises were granted for both Dallas-Fort Worth and Houston. Ultimately, the Continental League never played a game, but only because the established leagues responded by granting two expansion franchises each. One of the new teams was the Houston Colt .45's, who joined the National League in 1962.

The Colt .45's played in Colt Stadium for the first three years of existence, fighting against hot and humid weather and outrageously large mosquitoes, which also had an effect on the fans. Unbelievably, they did not play a Sunday night baseball game at home until June 9, 1963, which was also the major leagues' first Sunday night game. The Astros, as they came to be with the new all-weathered Harris County Domed Stadium, really did not have a strong rivalry with any team in the NL, except for the St. Louis Cardinals and later on the Cincinnati Reds and Atlanta Braves.

During the planning of the second wave of expansion in the big leagues in 1968, the National League considered putting a new team in the Dallas–Fort Worth area by an overwhelming majority of its owners. However, Judge Roy Hofheinz did not want it to happen or allow it because he owned all the television and radio rights in Texas for Astros ballgames. The other owners were in favor, except Hofheinz, of having a rivalry approaching the intensity of the Dodgers–Giants rivalry in the Senior Circuit. San Diego and Montreal were selected instead. The Dallas–Fort Worth area had to wait four more years for a team to arrive when the Senators (see below) moved to Arlington, Texas. It would be another 32 years before there was a meeting between the Rangers and Astros.

1972: Washington Senators move to Arlington to become the Rangers
Having been turned down by the National League, Dallas-Fort Worth naturally turned to the American League. At the time, the two major leagues were highly autonomous business entites, and as such Judge Hofheinz was unable to block the eventual arrival of the Junior Circuit in North Texas. Before they were the Texas Rangers, the team belonged to the Beltway as the third version of the Washington Senators where they played mediocre baseball most of the time for the first 11 years of existence. They replaced the old Washington Senators who had moved to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area to become the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The new Senators changed into the Texas Rangers in time for the 1972 season, and so a rivalry was born. (At one time, the Kansas City Athletics were interested in moving to the Dallas/Fort Worth area in the early 1960s but were voted down, 9–1, by the other American League owners.) The Astros have been in Texas ten years longer than the Rangers, but the Senators/Rangers franchise is one year older than the Astros. They met, starting in 1992, at the end of spring training with the Rangers winning 2–0 and claiming the very first Silver Boot. On April 2, 1993, Nolan Ryan returned to the Astrodome as a member of the Texas Rangers in front of 53,657, the biggest crowd to see a big league game in Texas up to that point. The Rangers won the last two exhibition games, a 6–5 victory in Arlington in 1999 and a 9–3 victory at Houston in 2000, before the two teams met for the first time in regular season in 2001.

1996–2012: First official meetings and interleague play
One year before their first official matchup in interleague play, both teams retired the number of Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan, who had successful runs with both teams. During the 1997 off-season, "radical" realignment plans were bandied around about possibly rearranging teams from one league to another, especially Houston and Texas. In order to cut down on traveling costs and align teams together based on geography, the MLB owners came up with many plans to put the Astros and Rangers in a more suitable placement together. However, the American League and National League would lose their respective identities in the process. (The only move was the Brewers from the AL Central to the NL Central.) One of the plans in 2000 even featured the Texas Rangers in a six-team AL Central, so that they would be with other teams in the Central Time Zone, while the fledgling Arizona Diamondbacks would have had to leave the NL West for the AL West to replace the Rangers. During the 2005–06 off-season, the Florida Marlins were considering moving to San Antonio, among other cities, due to the lack of funding for a new stadium. Another professional baseball team in Texas, whether by relocation or expansion, in either league would create greater rivalries, similar to the kind in the NBA with the Spurs, Mavericks, and Rockets, and possible realignment issues.

The Lone Star Series was not conceived until 2001, four years after interleague play began. It was only logical to have the Rangers and Astros matched together since they are the only MLB teams representing Texas. Since both played in two different divisions (AL West and NL Central, respectively), Major League Baseball had to rectify the oversight even though interleague play would not be rotated from division to division on a yearly basis until 2002.

There has only been one rainout in the history of the Lone Star Series. A game scheduled for Sunday June 30, 2002, at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington was postponed due to rain and rescheduled for Monday, September 2. The Rangers won the last game of the year against the Astros, 7–2, in front of a crowd of 24,468, but the Astros won the Silver Boot regardless of the outcome of the game.

On July 1,, Rangers outfielder Gary Matthews Jr. stole a home run from Astro Mike Lamb (a former Ranger) in what was considered one of the greatest catches of the decade according to MLB Network. At that time according to Lamb and Mark Teixeira, the Rangers-Astros "rivalry" was more for the fans in Texas than like a bitter rivalry (e.g. Windy City Series).

Beginning in 2008, the Lone Star Series saw for the first time two African-American managers go head-to-head against one another, the Astros' Cecil Cooper and the Rangers' Ron Washington. This situation lasted for two years. On February 6, 2008, Nolan Ryan became the Rangers' team president after being the special assistant to general manager, scouting players, and holding pitching camps with the Astros for the previous three seasons.

On August 18, 2009, the Rangers acquired Iván Rodríguez in a trade from the Houston Astros to help them down the stretch for the purpose of achieving their first playoff appearance in ten years. It was Rodriguez's second stint with Texas. The team had a winning season but did not qualify for the postseason.

On September 14, 2010, the Astros' Triple-A affiliate, the Round Rock Express, announced that they would become the Rangers' new minor league affiliate. This change left the Astros without a Triple-A team and the Rangers' old Triple-A team, the Oklahoma City RedHawks, without a parent club. On September 20, 2010, the Astros made the RedHawks their own affiliate. These changes went into effect for the 2011 season.

2013–present: Astros join the American League
Major League Baseball approved the sale of the Astros on November 11,, to Jim Crane on the condition they join the American League West. The Rangers, located in the Central Time Zone, had many of their games start late in the Pacific Time Zone due to the Angels, Athletics, and Mariners all being located on the West Coast. To help ease the Rangers' schedule, Commissioner Bud Selig required that the Astros join the AL West in, so both teams would have another division rival in relatively close geographical proximity to one another while ensuring that both the AL West and the National League Central both would have the same number of teams as the other divisions. The move's consequence for the rest of the league resulted in all teams having to play interleague games year round due to the odd number of teams in each league. Another consequence would be an increase in intensity of the Lone Star baseball rivalry.

The Astros and Rangers played each other on Opening Day on March 31, 2013, with the Astros winning convincingly at home. The next game, Rangers pitcher Yu Darvish was one out away from a perfect game when Marwin González hit a single through Darvish's legs.

On February 11, 2014, Nolan Ryan returned to the Astros as an executive advisor to his son, Reid, the president of business operations; general manager Jeff Luhnow; and owner Jim Crane. Nolan Ryan is also the only person to be named DHL Hometown Hero by two organizations (the Rangers and the Astros).

In April 2015, a brawl started between Rougned Odor and Hank Conger, which started when Odor, staring down the pitcher out of the batter's box, exchanged words with Conger when the catcher told him to get back. While the umpire quickly got in the middle of the two advancing toward each other, both teams soon swarmed close to each other, which included Prince Fielder (the batter scheduled to hit after Odor), who pushed Conger aside while having his bat with him. Astros manager A. J. Hinch grabbed Prince Fielder, while Fielder shoved back. This was followed by Rangers manager Jeff Bannister getting nose to nose with Hinch; shouting and pointing aside, no punches were thrown and no ejections were issued. Later in September, with both teams in contention for the playoffs, the Astros and Rangers faced each other in a pivotal series, with Texas sweeping all four games. The Rangers, who entered the series 1.5 games behind Houston for the AL West lead, ended the series leading the Astros by 2.5 games. The Rangers clinched the 2015 AL West Division title, while the Astros entered the 2015 playoffs as a Wild Card team. The Rangers marked the AL West division title by taunting the Astros with a parody of the Astros' "Come And Take It!" campaign by proclaiming "We Came And Took It!" during a game at Globe Life Park; the two teams would have met in the ALCS had they each won their respective ALDS but both lost in Game 5. In 2017, the rivalry between the Astros and Rangers continued to heat up. During a radio interview Rangers manager Jeff Bannister was quoted as saying, "All I know is they get to put Houston on their chest. We get to put Texas on ours." Astros pitcher Lance McCullers Jr. fired back on Twitter stating, “It’s because nobody knows what Arlington is." Later in the 2017 season after Hurricane Harvey hit Houston, controversy arose when the Astros and Rangers could not negotiate swapping series forcing the Astros to play a series of home games against the Rangers at the Tampa Bay Rays' stadium (Tropicana Field) in Florida. The Rangers won the series 2–1 but lost the season series 7–12. The Astros swept the Rangers in the final three games of the series and outscored the Rangers 42–8 in the final four games. The Rangers did not make the 2017 playoffs, and the Astros clinched their first World Series championship, the first World Series Championship in the Astros-Rangers rivalry and the first World Series title for the State of Texas.

When the Astros played the Opening Day game in 2018 as defending World Series champions, they did so in Arlington, which they won 4–1. Houston was victorious in both the 2018 and 2019 Silver Boot Series as they won the AL West both seasons, making three consecutive division titles for the club with 100 wins in each season. Meanwhile, Texas continued to rebuild and had losing seasons for the second and third year in a row.

The Astros made history at the expense of the Rangers on June 15, 2022, when Luis Garcia and Phil Maton each pitched an immaculate inning for the Astros at Globe Life Field. It was the first instance in major league history of two immaculate innings being thrown on the same date and in the same game. Garcia threw his in the second inning and Maton in the seventh, and they both struck out the same trio of hitters—Nathaniel Lowe, Ezequiel Durán, and Brad Miller. The Astro relied on excellent pitching throughout the year to win 106 regular-season games on their way to claiming a second World Series championship, defeating the Philadelphia Phillies in six games.

Prior to the 2023 season, the Rangers hired Bruce Bochy as manager; meanwhile, Dusty Baker served as manager of the Astros. Both men had previously led the San Francisco Giants, including when Bochy led the Giants to their 2010 World Series defeat of the Rangers, his first championship. In their long and distinguished managerial careers, Baker and Bochy also concurrently guided other teams as rivals in the National League since the 1990s, accumulating over 2,000 wins each. The two teams later became the beneficiary of the New York Mets' fire sale, with the Mets trading Justin Verlander back to the Astros, and Max Scherzer to the Rangers. The two had a critical 3-game series in Arlington looming on September 4-6 that saw the Texas Rangers needing to sweep to clinch the season series and a potential tiebreaker as the division race was close, and ESPN described it as "what could be the biggest series in Texas baseball history." The Astros retained the silver boot by proceeding to demolish the Rangers in the series, scoring six runs in the seventh inning of a 13-6 opening win before crushing Texas in the latter two games with five home runs hit in each game, the first time that a team had won the Lone Star Series seven seasons in a row since Texas did so from 2007 to 2013. Both teams reached the postseason together for the first time since 2015. However, the roles were reversed, this time the Astros won the AL West and a first-round bye as the second seed  while the Rangers entered as a Wild Card team by winning the season series 9–4, with both advancing to the ALCS to set up the first ever postseason meeting between the teams, and the first LCS to be held entirely in one state. On October 23, the Texas Rangers won the ALCS in Game 7 with a final score of 11–4, which notably saw each team lose every home game. In addition, the mayors of Houston and Arlington made a friendly wager that whichever mayor’s team lost the series would have to wear a jersey from the winning team to a city council meeting. After the Astros lost the series, Houston mayor Sylvester Turner honored the wager and indeed wore a Rangers jersey to a city council meeting.

Notable players who played on both teams
A total of 77 players have played for both franchises. But out of those 77, only 3 have played their entire careers for both teams: Chuck Jackson, Mike Richardt, and Mike Simms. Only six players have played for both the Rangers and Astros against their in-state opponent since 2001. Those players are: Doug Brocail, Robinson Chirinos,  Richard Hidalgo,  Mike Lamb,  Hunter Pence,  and Ivan "Pudge" Rodríguez.

Rivalry trivia

 * Former Astros and Rangers pitcher Nolan Ryan chose to have his Hall of Fame plaque depicted with a Rangers cap, even though he played only five seasons (1989–93) with the Rangers compared to nine (1980–88) with the Astros. He later played roles in both the Astros and Rangers front-office staff.
 * The Houston Astros played Game 3 of the 2005 World Series on October 25, 2005. It was the first World Series game played in the state of Texas.
 * The Texas Rangers won Game 3 of the 2010 World Series on October 30, 2010. It was the first World Series game won by a team from Texas.
 * Former Astro Lance Berkman won a World Series Championship with the 2011 St. Louis Cardinals providing big moments in Game 6 against the Rangers. Berkman later played for the Rangers in 2013 but signed a one-day contract to officially retire as an Astro on April 5, 2014.
 * The Astros defeated the Rangers on March 31, 2013, in their first game as a member of the AL West.
 * Former Ranger Yu Darvish lost two games against the Astros as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series.
 * The Astros won the 2017 World Series over the Dodgers, becoming the first team from Texas to win a World Series (the Astros had previously lost the 2005 World Series, while the Rangers lost both of their first two appearances, in 2010 and 2011, and would not win their first championship until 2023).
 * On June 15, 2022, the Astros had two different players pitch an immaculate inning against the same three Rangers batters. This is the only instance in MLB history of a team pitching two immaculate innings in the same game.
 * The 2023 American League Championship Series was the first postseason matchup of the Astros and the Rangers, and the first League Championship Series to be played entirely in one state (excluding the neutral site games of the 2020 MLB postseason).
 * This is one of two instances where both teams in one state play in the same league, with the other being the NL teams in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates).

title: Lone Star Series


text:
ASOT

ASOT may stand for:
 * Antistreptolysin O titre
 * A State of Trance, a radio show hosted by Armin van Buuren
 * A Sound of Thunder (disambiguation)
 * "A series of tubes", phrase coined originally as an analogy by then-U.S. Senator Ted Stevens to describe the Internet in the context of opposing network neutrality.

title: ASOT


text:
Talk:Buck-Tick

The description is missing Cosmos and Sexy Steam Liner
The newly added description to buck-tick goes from six/nine to one life one death, and somehow the information about the cyberpunk didn't show up in the description. I checked the text page and the info is there, it just isn't appearing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Minamoto1989 (talk • contribs) 14:07, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Fixing the Albums
Super Value Buck-Tick is not a real album, a fake one. I'm fixing it to make it correct. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Minamoto1989 (talk • contribs).

Correct name
Pardon the mess. Buck-Tick is the correct typography, and the new page can be edited at Buck-Tick/Temp. It's there because the original version was a probable copyvio. Please don't recreate BUCK-TICK - Buck-Tick will soon be reactivated. Tearlach 19:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Why lower case when the official BUCK-TICK website has it in all capitals? --J Bush 03:11, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Because any native english speaker have monopoly over latin alphabet and can dictate entire world how they must write in it, obviously. Sorry if it may sound rude, but considering all of the abuse of "we know what proper typography is" I can think of no other reason. --Rowaa[SR13] 07:40, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Could someone organize the albums better as well? If possible, I'd like it to hold their relevent LPs and EPs in one section. Live, remixes, compilations and et cetera should be put in another section beneath. - Shadowolf 18:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

To copyvio editors: new page - please reinstate. Thx. Tearlach 03:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Album merges
Sorry for the merge mess at the top of the page, but I wanted to get people's comments before taking action. I think I can present a layout that will allow all those track listings on the main article but not make it so long. I'll throw something together in my sandbox for you guys to see in a bit. But considering how the main article is so small, I don't see how it's a good thing to split track listings into different articles. Even with all the listings in one place, the article itself is still a stub, since lists do not a good article make. But it will make it better. Remember, Wikipedia is not our own fan-site. -- Ned Scott 03:33, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The merge suggestion looks at first sight to be unwise: you have nominated 17 albums to merge into this article. WP:NOT paper: if someone is likely to want to link to an individual album, it is better to have an article on that; you can organise them using a category if you like: see WikiProject Albums for information. HTH HAND —Phil | Talk 14:09, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * it's ironic that you linked to WP:NOT. These are lists, not articles. Not a single one of these albums count as articles according to Wikipedia. -- Ned Scott 14:47, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Um, I dunno. I can't imagine pulling this off - but if you can do it, then cool. But we'll have to see it first. With that many albums, I feel its more wise to keep them as individual articles. The albums can be expanded upon after all (in the bands history and response in recording the album, record sales, synopsis of the album's sound in comparison to their others, and whatnot). So my doubts hold... I'm generally against the idea. Shadowolf 22:49, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I would say no - simply because this band has such a huge discography. I'm generally against album pages in general, so I would say keep the most important albums and delete the rest (like best of albums - but others may not agree with me on that).  I'm actually gathering sources for this page, so it can at least be sourced.    There are some album reviews on those sites too. Denaar 20:30, 21 August 2007 (UTC) Edit - didn't see the dates, I see that was already resolved, just saw the update to the page. Denaar 20:35, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I've done a huge update, but the big error was the confusion over the 'Special' albums counting to the other 'Album' list. The other thing is, the singles are not linked, should they be merged within the Albums pages connected to the album it derived from, or have their own page? They do have a huge dicography, so it would be difficult. Just wanted to see any comments before I do anything further. Does anyone have any ideas for a proper layout of the synopsis of Albums pages? Should they be more detailed and in what way? (I am completely new to this, so it is tiring and confusing to try and add something without knowing how to and the reaction of others) Fukakutei 01:53, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Once this article gets too huge to manage, then a separate discography article should be made. At this time, the article isn't big enough to do that yet.  I would be against making pages for the singles unless someone has good, multiple, (non-fanbased) sources that are specifically about that single.  There needs to be more than a single cover and a song list. Denaar 03:56, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I think as of right now, the Buck-Tick discography needs a makeover. It needs to be more organized. It's obvious the discography is pretty big and should be put on a seperate page. Thoughts? Kuro Banpaia (talk) 03:31, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

-Okay, I just went ahead and made a discography for BT, since no one got back to me. I'm going to need help on the 'Special' section however, to verify what's what. It seems Buck-Tick have a lot of DVDs, VHS, etc, and right now the 'Special' section needs to be organized. But other than that, the discograpy is perfect. Kuro Banpaia (talk) 23:24, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Rewrite
If you are going to add English articles that duplicate the information here, go ahead and leave the Japanese sources as well. Having things double sourced couldn't hurt. There is a lot more information on this band out there - for instance they have done a lot of anime sound tracks we can find references for. Denaar 05:51, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Links to unofficial websites
There used to be a number of unofficial Buck-Tick related sites linked off this article, and I'm wondering while all those links seem to be consistently removed. Is it a copyright issue? Unofficial sites are usually the best English-language resources for Japanese bands. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.56.214.239 (talk) 03:59, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Check out the guidlines at WP:EL. From the section - Restrictions on linking: Sites that violate the copyrights of others per contributors' rights and obligations should not be linked.  Most fan sites have magazine scans or lyrics on them. Also check Links normally to be avoided - which includes blogs and personal web sites (fan sites).  Denaar 15:47, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Albums are messed up
Buck-tick has only released 15 albums. Some reason this forum is including specials. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.205.210.241 (talk) 14:58, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Rewrite
Hey guys, I finally rewrote this article to make it complete! This is all original text so there is no copyvio. I know there was discussion about this before but I've used "BUCK-TICK" instead of "Buck-Tick" throughout because the band have used the former typography on every release they've ever made, and all the magazines use it too, so I really think it's the correct one. I left the discography sections intact, I just refined the translations of the album titles a little. For the paragraphs with citations only at the end, it's not that the beginning sentences lack citations, it's just that all the info in the paragraph came from one source so I just cited it at the end. If anyone takes issue with this, feel free to put in more citations. I'm sorry about the large number of Japanese-language sources but it's just impossible to find quality English-language info on BUCK-TICK. I've provided English translations wherever possible. Enjoy!Numode (talk) 22:57, 3 June 2008 (UTC)Numode

Whoa!!!! Thank you so much for doing this! It's great to learn about their early history! Orcalee (talk) 03:34, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Restored to "Buck-Tick" per WP:MOSCAPS. Citations:
 * "Formulaic approach plagues J-rock", Daily Yomimuri, 22 January 2006
 * "Megadeth headlines weekend Soyo rock fest", Korea Herald, 27 July 2001
 * "Outdoor summer festivals for all tasts", Daily Yomimuri, 8 July 1999
 * -- JHunterJ (talk) 12:48, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

fixed missing section
a typo was preventing the section regarding Cosmos and Sexy Stream Liner from appearing. This is now fixed :) Numode (talk) 20:55, 5 June 2008 (UTC)Numode

This band has no links to the Goth rock music genre.
This band is a visual kei band and even their early material is not Goth rock. I will remove the Goth rock tag again and will continue to do so until someone has a sufficient counter argument. Japanese Goth rock bands do exist however they're not associated with the Visual-Kei movement, just because a band dresses in dark clothing does not make them a Goth rock band.

 * You are laughably wrong. Read the Visual kei article, such bands can play any genres. In this Fools Mate interview Sakurai admits they turned goth and there are other such interviews. You are the one Genre Warring. Xfansd (talk) 18:40, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * We will need to reach consensus, this band is evidently not Goth rock though the link does prove the musician was influenced by Goth rock band Bauhaus so I apologize and agree that this band should have the Goth rock tag however, I believe the Gothic Metal tag will be more appropriate on most of the other bands that we are arguing, unless of course you can provide me with sufficient evidence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shikenkanbaby (talk • contribs) 19:21, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * You're wrong Buck-Tick are without doubt gothic rock, but at least you agree not to remove it anymore. D is metal but was in Japanese gothic rock bands simply because no one created a Japanese gothic metal bands category. D'erlanger is not metal (obviously their old stuff is) and you seriously think The Candy Spooky Theater and Phantasmagoria are? I could go either way with Kurouyume and Ghost. Keep in mind that for all the years these articles have existed you are one person contesting them. Xfansd (talk) 19:48, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Look, I listen to a lot of Goth rock and Buck Tick are not Goth rock. They sound nothing like Bauhaus, The Cure, Souixsie and Banshees or the Sisters of Mercy and it's not because they're Japanese because there are Japanese bands that are Goth rock such as Madame Edwarda. There is a Goth movement in Japan and Buck-tick is not associated with it. The Candy Spooky Theater and Phantasmagoria may not be metal but they too are certainly not Goth rock. I was trying to help the wiki as I know a lot about Goth rock, I mean I am a Goth and most other Goth rock enthusiasts would agree these bands do not sound like Goth rock bands however, I can't tell you what is Goth and what isn't, it wasn't long ago when everyone was saying Marilyn Manson and Evanescence was Goth.

 * I am glad we have come to some sort of consensus though, since it would be pointless making a Japanese Gothic Metal category we should keep the Gothic Metal influenced bands in the same category. I think there should be a notice to inform readers that not all the bands listed are Goth bands or have any Goth rock influences on the Japanese Goth rock category page. Shikenkanbaby (talk) 20:04, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I just listened to Phantasmagoria - Material Pain and judging from that I'd say that they have metal influences. Shikenkanbaby (talk) 20:07, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * As for Candy Spooky Theater it is clear they have a similar sound to Dir En Grey which would be is described as experimental metal/rock and alternative metal/rock. Shikenkanbaby (talk) 20:15, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Well you clearly don't know Buck-Tick, but its sourced so that's mute. A category called "gothic rock bands" is not used on artists that were influenced by goth rock, but on artists that actually play it. The problem is Japanese music doesn't get much in-depth coverage, so some leeway is given for things that can't be sourced. But you claiming to be an expert and systematically removing things, and then claiming to know the influences of bands after hoping on Youtube is not acceptable. That is called Original research. Xfansd (talk) 20:24, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Oh hey, it does exist. Category:Japanese gothic metal musical groups Xfansd (talk) 20:32, 7 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Brilliant though, I guess this where we'll have to draw the line then, I agree that the other bands are to be placed in the Gothic Metal category and that Malice Mizer and Buck-Tick to remain in the Japanese gothic rock category. If you feel the Japanese gothic rock groups category is for bands that actually play goth rock then I don't think they should be in there but I am happy to know that the bands that are in there have some goth rock influences. I've listened to entire albums and EPs from some of these bands and none of them feature goth rock tracks, the music is often too aggressive and lacking the post-punk styled guitar riffs and bass lines. Could you post a link to some of the said bands goth rock songs? Shikenkanbaby (talk) 15:31, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Nah dude, Wikipedia's not a forum for people to discuss and find music they like with others. If you're thinking of using that way to determine genres it would be textbook original research. Xfansd (talk) 19:37, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 5 external links on Buck-Tick. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120222121654/http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_1994ongakutohitosaissayinterview.html to http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_1994ongakutohitosaissayinterview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071016220347/http://v-music.ch/interviews/int071.html to http://www.v-music.ch/interviews/int071.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080608002856/http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007vmc_saihinterview.html to http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007vmc_saihinterview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080608071721/http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007upsound_sainterview.html to http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007upsound_sainterview.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080527083908/http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007upsound_sainterview2.html to http://notgreatestsite.net/articles/ta/bt_2007upsound_sainterview2.html

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:29, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

Rewriting
I am gradually rewording the text and try to find more references to use... I'm guessing this article is written based on fansites. Xia talk to me  14:29, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

Stop taking Acchan's name off members!
Atsushi is still a member even if only in spirit so stop putting him in previous members! And stop talking about the band in the past tense! They haven't officially disbanded! It has only been a week for F's sake! Give people time to grieve! This is so disrespectful! 2600:8807:4400:345E:21AD:BD3F:6586:CDE1 (talk) 16:05, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * With due respect, unfortunately he passed away and as such is not anymore member of the band. Nobody beats death in that sense. It is a shock to everyone, but that's sad and harsh reality. The band cancelled all activities and most probably will have a hiatus or even disband after a tribute concert this or next year. There's a very small chance they will continue after 35th anniversary without a frontman who was so integral to the band. At the moment, if you read between the lines the official news and how were given and handled, practically all members are past members already...--Miki Filigranski (talk) 16:51, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The band has stated that Atsushi remains a member. Kami from MM and others are still listed as current members of their respective bands on wikipedia, so stop removing him from the members list.

Edit- some truly petty individuals have been tampering with other bands' pages on how they identify deceased members so how about we propose this-- the Japanese page for this article is obviously the main article for this artist. The moment the Japanese editors decide to put Sakurai into a past members box, then so can we. Until then, I recommend he go back as a current member as, again, this has been stated by his bandmates as being the case and we also do not know what as yet unreleased material may come out in the coming years and months that Sakurai will feature vocals on. 2603:7000:8240:EC00:F9D5:167C:E51:C84C (talk) 23:05, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

Atsushi is a member. Stop that
He may have passed but he is a member Fairylina (talk) 14:29, 26 October 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 October 2023
Do not move Atsushi Sakurai to past members. He is not a past member, he is an eternal member. Having him be a "past member" is incredibly disrespectful to his passing. Siriashe (talk) 23:29, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Liu1126 (talk) 00:17, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

question
Just a question I know it says buck tick has evolved over time but should new wave be under the genres because of their early albums having a new wave pop feel in early era just a question and also the sputnik source says it too just a question if not then that’s ok 2600:381:CBA0:28CA:2981:ACCB:A696:E875 (talk) 09:24, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Well the sputnik source says that they have incorporated new wave that’s what I meant hehehe sorry and what I meant by their early albums is that how they sound it’s basically what they call positive punk but it feels new wave just a question if anyone feels the same if not that’s ok 2600:381:CBA0:28CA:2981:ACCB:A696:E875 (talk) 09:29, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buck-Tick


text:
UPI (disambiguation)

UPI is United Press International, a global news agency headquartered in Miami, Florida.

UPI may also refer to:

Organizations

 * Universal Pictures International, an American film studio
 * Union of Italian Provinces (Unione delle Province d'Italia)
 * Ural Polytechnic Institute, now Ural State Technical University, Russia
 * Indonesia University of Education (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
 * Finnish Institute of International Affairs (Ulkopoliittinen instituutti)

Computing

 * Intel Ultra Path Interconnect, a processor interconnect
 * User Programmatic Interface (Oracle Database API)

Financial services

 * UnionPay, a Chinese payment cards company
 * Unified Payments Interface, of National Payments Corporation of India

Places

 * Upi, Maguindanao, Philippines (also known as North Upi)
 * South Upi Maguindanao, Philippines
 * Upi, an ancient indigenous settlement in Northwest Field (Guam)
 * Upi or Upu, historic region surrounding Damascus

Other uses

 * Upi Darmayana Tamin (born 1970), Indonesian chess player
 * Urpo Pikkupeura (born 1957), former Finnish skater
 * Ulcer Performance Index, stock market risk measure

title: UPI (disambiguation)