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Palani

Palani (, is a town and a taluk headquarters in Dindigul district of the western part of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is located about 106 km south-east of Coimbatore and 122 km north-west of Madurai, 67 km from Kodaikanal. The Palani Murugan Temple or Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple (Thiru Avinankudi), dedicated to Murugan is situated on a hill overlooking the town. The temple is visited by more than 7 million pilgrims each year. As of 2011, the town had a population of 70,467 and the Taluk had a population of 292,301 which makes it the second largest town in the district after Dindigul.

Etymology
The town derives its name from the compounding of two Tamil words palam meaning fruit and nee meaning you, a reference to poet Avvaiyar's song praisingMuruga which forms part of the legend of the Palani Murugan temple. But the actual correct word is பழம்நீர் which means place surrounded by fruit with water(Coconut and Palm)trees. The word கழனி which is similar in name, both gives agricultural meanings, here கழனி means வயல் (field).

History
References to the place exist in ancient Tamil devotional texts. According to Hindu mythology, "Sage Narada once visited the celestial court of Shiva at Mount Kailash to present to Him a fruit, the jnana-palam (literally, the fruit of knowledge), that held in it the elixir of wisdom. Upon Shiva expressing his intention of dividing the fruit between his two sons, Ganesha and Murugan, the sage counselled against cutting it. He decided to award it to whoever of his two sons first circled the world thrice. Accepting the challenge, Murugan started his journey around the globe on his mount peacock. However, Ganesha, who surmised that the world was no more than his parents Shiva and Shakti combined, circumambulated them". Pleased with their son's discernment, Shiva awarded the fruit to Ganesha. When Murugan returned, he was furious to learn that his efforts had been in vain. He left Kailash and took up his abode in Palani hills in South India. It is believed that Murugan felt the need to get matured from boyhood and hence chose to remain as a hermit and discarded all his robes and ornaments. He went into meditation to know about himself.

Palani and most of Dindigul district were part of the Kongu Nadu region of the Tamil country. The northern part of the Palani and Oddanchatram taluks is held to have been part of the Anda Nadu sub-region, whereas the rest of the area constituted the Vaikapuri Nadu. The area was under the influence of the rulers of Coimbatore and Madurai, at various points of time. In the 18th century, Hyder Ali and his son, Tipu Sultan ruled over the place before being annexed the British after the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Temples

Palani is home to one of the most sacred shrines of the Murugan, as worshiped in the Hindu sect of Kaumaram. The Thandayudhapani Temple dedicated to Murugan "Palani Andavar", and regarded one of his Arupadai Veedu (Six Battle Camps), is situated here. The temple is situated atop a hill known as Sivagiri. The Garbagriham is surmounted by a gold gopuram and the walls of the Garbagriham have numerous stone inscriptions describing offerings made by devotees to the temple. Steps are hewn into the rock, besides a wide path meant for the ascent of elephants, up the hill. In addition, a winch pulled railway with three tracks and a rope way are operational. A temple is dedicated to Murugan near the foot of the hill by the name of Thiru Avinan kudi which actually forms a part of the six abodes of Murugan (Arupadaiveedu). It is also called as Kulandai Velayudhaswami Thirukkovil.

Besides this, right at the foot of the Sivagiri is a small shrine dedicated to the god Ganapathi, where he goes by the name Pada Vinayakar. It is customary amongst the pilgrims to pay their obeisances at this shrine before commencing their ascent of the hill.

Halfway up the hill, there is the Idumban shrine where every pilgrim is expected to offer obeisance to Idumban before entering the temple of Dandayudhapani. The practice of Pilgrims to Palani bringing their offerings on their shoulders in a kavadi is associated with the legend of Idumban.

Within the town is another temple dedicated to the Goddess Parvathi as Periyanayaki Amman. Near the Periya Nayaki Amman temple are two others – the Mariyamman Temple and the Perumal Temple. The former is particularly resorted to in times of epidemics, the goddess there being regarded as the protector against illnesses.

A short distance from the town is a temple dedicated to Shiva as Periya Avudaiyar.

The Kannadi Perumal Temple, dedicated to Vishnu, is a small temple situated on a hillock 9 km south of Palani, a short distance from the highway to Kodaikanal.

Geography
The backdrop to the town is formed by an offshoot of the Western Ghats, the Palani Hills, whereon lies the hill-station of Kodaikanal. The view within the town is dominated by the two hills, Sivagiri and Sakthigiri, on the former of which lies the temple. At the foot of the hills lie several lakes which drain to the Shanmuganathi river, a tributary of the Amaravathi River (itself a tributary of the Kaveri River), which takes its source on the slopes of the Palani Hills. The nearest towns are Oddanchatram, Dharapuram, Udumalaipettai, Kodaikanal.

Demographics
According to 2011 census, Palani had a population of 292,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,467 were under the age of six, constituting 3,283 males and 3,184 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 16.57% and 0.23% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.95%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 19,015 households. There were a total of 27,150 workers, comprising 372 cultivators, 1,277 main agricultural labourers, 763 in house hold industries, 23,478 other workers, 1,260 marginal workers, 40 marginal cultivators, 68 marginal agricultural labourers, 107 marginal workers in household industries and 1,045 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Palani had 90.58% Hindus, 7.63% Muslims, 1.44% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.42% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.

Roadway
National Highway NH 83 connects Coimbatore to Nagapattinam via Palani Tiruchirappalli Thanjavur. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited TNSTC buses connect the town to other parts of the state. KSRTC buses connecting places like Kottayam, Kozhikode, Kasaragod, Guruvayur, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, and kottarakara are available at particular interval of time from Palani bus stand. 24 hours buses are available on all three main roads (via Dharapuram, Oddanchatram and Udumalaipettai)

Railway
Station Code :PLNI, Palani is a part of the Coimbatore-Rameswaram BG line prior to the commencing of gauge conversion. On 20 November 2012, the Dindigul-Palani section of the line was completed, and the local railway station opened to railway traffic again. Currently there are passenger trains are crossing from Madurai, Thiruchendur to Coimbatore, Palakkad. And a daily express train available between Palani to Chennai. Recently Amritha express running from Madurai – Thiruvananthapuram via Dindigul, Palani, Pollachi, Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Kollam.

Airway
The nearest major airports are Coimbatore International Airport located 100 km from Palani and Madurai International Airport located at 130 km from Palani. Tiruchirappalli International Airport is the next nearest, 164 km from Palani.

title: Palani


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Thomas Hastings (architect)

Thomas Hastings (March 11, 1860 – October 22, 1929) was an American architect, a partner in the firm of Carrère and Hastings (active 1885–1929).

Biography
He was born in New York City to Thomas Samuel Hastings, a Presbyterian minister, and Fanny de Groot. Hastings came from a colonial Yankee background, his ancestor Thomas Hastings having come from the East Anglia region of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634. Hastings's father was president of the Union Theological Seminary. His grandfather, also named Thomas Hastings, was the composer of the hymn Rock of Ages. He married Helen Benedict of Greenwich, Connecticut.

Hastings abandoned his college preparation courses to work with the chief designer at Herter Brothers, the premier New York furnishers and decorators. He later traveled to Paris to study in the atelier of Louis-Jules André, returned to the U.S. to found the firm of Carrère and Hastings with John Merven Carrère. Their first major commissions came from a parishioner of Hastings' father, Florida developer Henry Flagler. The partners undertook two hotels for Flagler, the Ponce de Leon Hotel (1885–1888) in St. Augustine, Florida (now part of Flagler College) and the Hotel Alcazar (now the Lightner Museum), followed by a succession of St. Augustine hotels and churches.

The firm's most famous project was the New York Public Library at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street. They were also instrumental in creating the profession of urban planning, with Carrére's influential designs for Cleveland, Hartford and Atlantic City. Their varied work included the Manhattan Bridge (1899), the House and Senate Office Buildings in Washington, and Blairsden, and the C. Ledyard Blair estate in Peapack, New Jersey (1896).

After Carrère's death in 1911, Hastings went on to design the Arlington National Cemetery Tomb of the Unknowns and the Henry Clay Frick House on Fifth Avenue, as well as residences for such distinguished names as Guggenheim, duPont, Harriman, even a 'poultry cottage' for William K. Vanderbilt. He also designed the Fort Washington Presbyterian Church (1913). He designed the 435-foot (132.59 m) tall Tower of Jewels, the centerpiece of San Francisco's 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition. After World War I, Hastings designed Kumler Chapel at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1917–18, and designed the American Monument in Meaux, France, that memorialized the defeat of Germany at the Second Battle of the Marne, finally completed in 1932 after Hastings' death.

Hastings was a founding member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, serving from 1910 to 1917. In 1906, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1909.

Hastings outlived the Beaux-Arts world. Though he dressed up the Manhattan Bridge in a Beaux-Arts skin and helped clad conservative office buildings in Roman masonry, he denounced skyscrapers as "bad in style, definitely bad for city traffic and the health of the citizenry". He felt a zoning law should have been passed to limit their height to a maximum of eight stories as has been done successfully in Paris.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thomas Hastings (architect)


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Mad Love (1935 film)

Mad Love (also released as The Hands of Orlac) is a 1935 American body horror film, an adaptation of Maurice Renard's novel The Hands of Orlac. It was directed by German-émigré film maker Karl Freund, and stars Peter Lorre as Dr. Gogol, Frances Drake as Yvonne Orlac and Colin Clive as Stephen Orlac. The plot revolves around Doctor Gogol's obsession with actress Yvonne Orlac. When Stephen Orlac's hands are destroyed in a train accident, Yvonne brings him to Gogol, who claims to be able to repair them. As Gogol becomes obsessed to the point that he will do anything to have Yvonne, Stephen finds that his new hands have made him into an expert knife thrower.

Mad Love was Freund's final directorial assignment and Lorre's American film debut. Critics praised Lorre's acting, but the film was unsuccessful at the box office. Film critic Pauline Kael found the film unsatisfactory, but argued that it had influenced Citizen Kane. Cinematographer Gregg Toland was involved in the production of both films. Mad Love's reputation has grown over the years, and it is viewed in a more positive light by modern film critics, gaining the status of cult classic.

Plot
Actress Yvonne Orlac rests after her final performance at the "Théâtre des Horreurs" (styled after the Grand Guignol) in Paris, France. As she listens to her husband Stephen Orlac play the piano on the radio, she is greeted by Dr. Gogol, who has seen every show featuring Yvonne, and unaware of her marriage, is aghast to learn that she is moving to England with her husband. Gogol leaves the theater heartbroken, buys the wax figure of Yvonne's character, refers to it as Galatea (from the Greek myth), and arranges that it be delivered to his home the following day.

Stephen Orlac is on a train journey from Fontainebleau to Paris, where he sees murderer Rollo the Knife Thrower, who is on the way to his execution by guillotine. Gogol later witnesses the execution, along with the American reporter Reagan. Orlac's train crashes later that night, and Yvonne finds her husband with mutilated hands. She takes Stephen to Gogol in an attempt to reconstruct his hands, and Gogol agrees to do so. Gogol uses Rollo's hands for the transplant, and the operation is a success.

The Orlacs are forced to sell many of their possessions to pay for the surgery, while Stephen finds he is unable to play the piano with his new hands. When a creditor comes to claim the Orlacs' piano, Stephen throws a fountain pen that barely misses his head. Stephen seeks help from his stepfather, Henry Orlac. Henry denies the request, upset that Stephen did not follow in his line of business as a jeweler. A knife thrown in anger by Stephen misses Henry, but breaks the shop front's window. Gogol meanwhile asks Yvonne for her love, but she refuses. Stephen goes to Gogol's home and demands to know about his hands, and why they throw knives. Gogol suggests that Stephen's problem comes from childhood trauma, but later confirms to his assistant Dr. Wong that Stephen's hands had been Rollo's.

Gogol then suggests to Yvonne that she get away from Stephen, as the shock has affected his mind and she may be in danger. She angrily rejects Gogol, whose obsession grows. Henry Orlac is murdered, and Stephen receives a note that promises that he will learn the truth about his hands if he goes to a specific address that night. There, a man with metallic hands and dark glasses claims to be Rollo, brought back to life by Gogol. Rollo explains that Stephen's hands were his, and that Stephen used them to murder Henry. He also claims that Gogol transplanted his (Rollo's) head back onto his body flashing a leather-and-metal neck brace as "proof!"

Stephen returns to Yvonne and explains that his hands are those of Rollo, and that he must turn himself in to the police. A panic-stricken Yvonne goes to Gogol's home, and when he comes home and sheds his disguise, finds him completely mad. Gogol assumes that his statue has come to life, embraces her, and begins to strangle her. Reagan, Stephen and the police arrive, but are only able to open the observation window. Stephen produces a knife and throws it at Gogol, then finds his way in. Gogol dies as Stephen and Yvonne embrace.

Cast

 * Peter Lorre as Dr. Gogol
 * Frances Drake as Yvonne Orlac
 * Colin Clive as Stephen Orlac
 * Ted Healy as Reagan, an American reporter
 * Sara Haden as Marie, Yvonne's maid
 * Edward Brophy as Rollo the Knife Thrower
 * Henry Kolker as Prefect Rosset
 * Keye Luke as Dr. Wong
 * May Beatty as Françoise, Gogol's drunken housekeeper
 * Billy Gilbert as autograph seeker on the train
 * Frank Darien as Lavin (uncredited)
 * Charles Trowbridge as	Dr. Marbeau
 * Ian Wolfe as Henry Orlac (step-father)
 * Murray Kinnell as Charles (Theater official)
 * Rollo Lloyd as Endore

Production
Florence Crewe-Jones provided MGM with an original translation/adaptation of Renard's story "Les Mains D'Orlac". Writer Guy Endore worked with director Karl Freund on early drafts. Producer John W. Considine Jr. assigned the continuity and dialogue to P.J. Wolfson, and John L. Balderston began to write a "polish-up" of the draft on April 24, 1935. Balderstone went over the dialogue with Lorre in mind, and at points called for the actor to deploy his "M look". Balderston continued his re-write three weeks past the start of filming.

Filming started on May 6, 1935 with Chester Lyons as the cinematographer. Freund insisted on Gregg Toland, whom he got for a reported "8 days of additional photography". Actress Frances Drake recalled difficulty between Freund, Toland and Considine. Drake said that "Freund wanted to be the cinematographer at the same time", and that "You never knew who was directing. The producer was dying to, to tell you the truth, and of course he had no idea of directing." Several titles for the film were announced, and on May 22, 1935, MGM announced that the title would be The Hands of Orlac. The Mad Doctor of Paris was also suggested, but the studio eventually settled on the original title of Mad Love. Shooting finished on June 8, 1935, one week over schedule. After the initial release, MGM cut about fifteen minutes of scenes from the film. Cut scenes included the surgery to get Rollo's hands, a pre-credit warning scene almost identical to the one in Frankenstein, and Isabel Jewell's entire portrayal of the character Marianne.

Release and reception
Mad Love was released in the United States on July 12, 1935 and, as Hands of Orlac, in the United Kingdom on August 2, 1935. Official reaction in the UK was mixed with Edward Shortt of the BBFC initially declaring his intention to ban the film. The initial critical reception, however, was focused on praise for Lorre's performance. The Hollywood Reporter said that "Lorre triumphs in a characterization that is sheer horror", Time magazine called him "perfectly cast", Graham Greene described his performance as "convincing", and Charlie Chaplin called him "the greatest living actor". Reviews for the rest of the cast were less positive. The New York Times said that "Ted Healy, a highly amusing comedian, has gotten into the wrong picture", and The Hollywood Reporter said that Colin Clive "jitters his way through". The Hollywood Reporter wrote that the film was "neither important or particularly compelling ... falls right in the middle between Art and Box Office". Time magazine called it "completely horrible", and The New York Times wrote that "Mad Love is not much more than a super-Karloff melodrama, an interesting but pretty trivial adventure in Grand Guignol horror." Mad Love was not a hit at the box office, and had a small domestic gross of $170,000. Its foreign gross was larger, at $194,000.

Critic Pauline Kael's essay "Raising Kane", originally published in The New Yorker, accused director Orson Welles of copying the visual style of Mad Love for Citizen Kane. Kael noted that both Gogol and Kane are bald, Gogol's house and Kane's "Xanadu" are similar, and that Gogol and Kane both have a pet cockatoo. She also wrote that Toland had "passed Freund's technique onto Welles". Peter Bogdanovich wrote a rebuttal to Kael's statements in Esquire in 1972. Both writers had a negative opinion of Mad Love. Kael called it a "dismal static horror movie", and Bogdanovich described it as "one of the worst movies I've ever seen."

Recent reviews of Mad Love have been much more positive. At the online film review database Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 100% approval rating, and a 7.5 critical average.

Home media
Mad Love was released on VHS by MGM/UA in late 1992 in the United States. It was released on DVD by Warner Home Video on October 10, 2006, along with Doctor X, The Devil-Doll, Mark of the Vampire, The Mask of Fu Manchu and The Return of Doctor X, in the six-disc Hollywood Legends of Horror Collection. DVD bonus material included film commentary by Steve Haberman, and the film's theatrical trailer.

Mad Love was released on Blu Ray by Warner Archive Collection on October 19, 2021.

Remakes
Mad Love was preceded by the 1924 Austrian silent film The Hands of Orlac, directed by Robert Wiene and starring Conrad Veidt. It was remade in 1960 as a French-British co-production entitled The Hands of Orlac, that was directed by Edmond T. Gréville, and starred Mel Ferrer as Stephen Orlac and Christopher Lee as a new magician character named Nero.

Related films include Hands of a Stranger (1962) and The Crawling Hand (1963). One of Alfred Hitchcock's unproduced projects was The Blind Man, a variant of the theme in which a blind pianist receives implanted eyes whose retinas retain the image of their previous owner's murder. The Quinn Martin anthology TV series, Tales of the Unexpected includes the episode "A Hand for Sonny Blue", rehashing the theme once again.

title: Mad Love (1935 film)


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John Ince

John Ince may refer to:
 * John Ince (Australian politician) (c.1831–1897), member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly 1877 to 1880
 * John F. Ince, author and business journalist
 * John Ince (author), Canadian author, lawyer, entrepreneur and from 2005 to 2012 activist in the sex-positive movement
 * John Ince (actor) (1878–1947), American actor
 * John Ince (missionary), early British Protestant missionary
 * John Ince (footballer) (1908–19??), English football goalkeeper active in the 1930s

title: John Ince


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Brisbane Tigers

The Brisbane Tigers are a rugby league club based at Langlands Park, in the suburb of Coorparoo in Brisbane, Australia. Since 1996, they have competed in the Queensland Cup, having competed in the Brisbane Rugby League from 1934 to 1997, where they won eight premierships.

Formed as Coorparoo in 1917, the club became the Eastern Suburbs Tigers in 1933, commonly referred to as Easts Tigers or Easts. In 2020, the club re-branded as the Brisbane Tigers, keeping their traditional colours of gold and black.

History
Easts had competed as Coorparoo in the Brisbane Rugby League premiership from 1917. A highlight of the 1920s was the signing of South Sydney star, Harold Horder as their captain-coach in 1924 and 1925. With the move to district football in 1933 a new club, the Eastern Suburbs District Rugby League club, was formed.

The club struggled on the field during the 1930s and 1940s and was in severe financial trouble. Between 1937 and 1945 the Easts Tigers won just nine of ninety matches, and suffered three winless seasons in 1940, 1944 and 1945. However, in 1946, the club was successfully revived after suffering many defeats during the war years with the re-election of A.G. (Taffy) Welch as club president and the implementation of a completely new management committee. In 1946 no less than twelve teams were registered with the Brisbane Rugby League. Of these teams, ten were semi finalists and seven made the grand finals. The main object was to present to the public a really strong first grade team. The next year, 1947, saw what would probably be the greatest side fielded by the club. Every trophy competed for in the BRL competition and Premiership were won and had no fewer than eleven players selected for Brisbane's Bulimba Cup team.

The Easts Tigers won their next premiership in 1950, and in 1951 the Easts Tigers contested the Grand Final being beaten by Southern Suburbs, This meant that, since the revival of the club in 1946, they had played six grand finals in succession. They reached the semis in 1952 and the grand final in 1953 where they were again beaten by Souths. In 1954, they failed to make the top four so, for the first time in eight years they failed to compete in the semi-finals. The club was to win the Peter Scott Memorial Trophy in the 1960 season but did not have success again until they won the pre-season competition in 1969.

The 15-year premiership drought forced club officials to search for a top coach and in 1965 former international, Clive Churchill was engaged to try to mould the team into a premiership 13. The effect was the club's appearance in the 1968 Grand Final against Past Brothers. Although they lost the Grand Final it sparked a resurgence in the Easts Tigers' performance for years to come and the Easts Tigers won the Woolworths pre-season competition in 1969.

The coach, Ted Verrenkamp, and his successor, captain-coach Des Morris, brought great success to the club providing the Easts Tigers with numerous finals appearances and Grand Final victories throughout the 1970s. This was through the help of arguably the best Queensland Five-eighth before King Wally, Wayne Lindenberg and the local junior talent highlighted by John Lang..

In the Queensland Wizard Cup era, the Easts Tigers have made the Grand Final five times although having lost all matches, the first to the Redcliffe Dolphins in 1997 then losing to the Burleigh Bears in a memorable extra-time final in 2004. They were defeated again in 2013 by Mackay and the next year by the Northern Pride. 2018 saw the disappointment continue as they lost to the Redcliffe Dolphins.

The club is currently led by the president, Keith Philips, and chief executive officer, Brian Torpy. In 2008, the year of the centenary of rugby league in Australia, the club celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary.

On 20 January 2011, through BASES Productions, a family run entertainment group. The Easts Tigers began transmission of a fan-service to help boost the profile of the club and its players called TigerTV, in 2012 TigerTV began live broadcasting of entire matches via the internet; TigerTV has been regularly hosting live stream events of the Easts Tigers with Commentators Mike Higgison, Warren Boland, Gavin Payne, and David Wright. On 6 November 2016, TigerTV transitioned to a 24/7 Streaming Channel with Live and Recorded programming streaming continuously, along with replays and highlights of previous years. On 1 May 2018, play by play commentator Mike Higgison died. TigerTV has paid tribute to Higgison for his contributions in the club, and in Rugby League history. His relief and subsequent replacement is David Wright taking place as play by play commentator.

In 2018, the Easts Tigers rallied towards the end of the season, eventually winning each of the semi-finals, but when confronting old time rival, Redcliffe Dolphins in the Grand Final, the Easts Tigers ultimately came runners-up.

2019 has seen a change in the team line up, with a lot of the juniors and colts moving up to take the club forward, with a dominant first 5 rounds of the QRL competition, they have proven still a strong side, with finals hopes still alive by round 19.

On 18 October 2019, a new head coach Craig Hodges starts tenure at Langlands Park, coming fresh from his tenure at the Gold Coast Titans. Hodges, who replaced the sacked Garth Brennan as Gold Coast Titans coach for eight games that year, was announced as the new mentor for the Tigers Intrust Super Cup team in late August, taking over from Scott Sipple. After so many years as a deputy, Hodges, who started his tenure at Langlands Park earlier this month, said the chance to run his own program at a proud and historic club like Easts was too good an opportunity to pass up.

There was much enthusiasm for the 2020 season, but after the first round commenced, the club, and the Queensland Cup competition, were impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and as a result the Queensland Rugby League cancelled its four statewide competitions in 2020 due to the ongoing public health emergency.

The unprecedented decision to bring a premature close the Intrust Super Cup, BHP Premiership, Hastings Deering Colts and Auswide Bank Mal Meninga Cup was made in the interests of the health and safety of players and staff.

The Tigers subsequently paid all its players contracts, and helped retain as much staff as possible. Head Coach Craig and Head of Football Terry Matterson began helping CEO Brian Torpy with renovating the grounds with Mark McDonald. Helping keep Langlands Park clean and fresh.

On 4 September 2020, the club announced their re-branding as the Brisbane Tigers. From the 2021 season onward, the club would play under the new name in the Queensland Cup, Hastings Deering Colts, QRL Women's Premiership and Mal Meninga Cup competitions, but remain as the Eastern Suburbs Tigers for their local and junior teams.

Head Coach Craig Hodges announced on 24 September 2020 that he would resign and move to New Zealand Warriors, the club was thrilled with his appointment and wished him the best of luck. Almost the same time, Terry Matterson expressed an interest in becoming head coach of the Tigers, and was approved the following Tuesday. But almost immediately upon the appointment of Kevin Walters to be Coach of Queensland Maroons to become head coach of Brisbane Broncos on 30 September, Terry was approached to become assistant Coach and on 15 October 2020, it was announced that Kevin Walters has put together his Holy Trinity with the Broncos coach securing John Cartwright and Terry Matterson as his assistants in a bid to break Brisbane's 15-year premiership drought next season.

Fortunately during this transition, a former Tigers development coach, and previous head coach of Souths Logan Magpies, Jon Buchanan came to the club and was announced as the head coach on 13 October just before the previous announcement of Terry.

The club is now moving into Preseason 2021 and has announced the Trial dates for Mal Meninga Cup (U18s) and due to COVID-19 cancellations, the Hasting Deering Colts will be an Under 21s competition, a distinction from the usual Under 20s of the previous years.

NRL affiliation
The Easts Tigers were the last team in the Queensland Cup to follow the trend of becoming affiliated with a team from the National Rugby League. After relationships with Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks and the Penrith Panthers, at the end of the 2006 NRL season the New South Wales club South Sydney Rabbitohs announced an alliance with the Easts Tigers as a feeder club for the National Rugby League (NRL) side.

At the end of the 2007 season it was announced that the Rabbitohs and the Easts Tigers would no longer be affiliated due to various conflicting issues, the Easts Tigers instead looked closer to home and struck an affiliate deal with the Brisbane Broncos.

At the end of the 2010 NRL season the Victorian club Melbourne Storm announced an alliance with the Easts Tigers as a feeder club for their NRL side. The partnership with the Easts Tigers allowed the Melbourne Storm to tap into the Easts Tigers' recruitment and development systems in Queensland, as well as providing a club for young Queenslanders recruited by the Melbourne Storm to play at and develop without having to relocate to Melbourne. The affiliation with Melbourne has been extended a number of times, with the latest extension being until the end of the 2024 season.

NRL bid
In March 2020, the Tigers entered the bidding race to win a potential license to join the NRL. In early June, the club filed a trademark for the name "Brisbane Firehawks", which would avoid a naming clash with existing NRL side Wests Tigers.

In May 2023, they club relaunched their bid for inclusion in the NRL as the 18th franchise, aiming to represent the southern side of Brisbane. They also abandoned the Firehawks name, instead announcing plans to find a new emblem further in the expansion process.

75-Year Dream Team
In 2008, the Easts Tigers named their 75 Year "Dream Team", which included players from 1933 to 2007. The team consists of 13 players who have played more than 50 games for the club, chosen by a panel of experts.

{{Navbox rugby league squad | state    = {{{state|state=expanded}}} | name = Easts Tigers | bg = #f57f30 | fg = black | team = Easts Tigers Dream Team | team link = Easts Tigers | comp link = Queensland Cup | comp = Queensland Cup | list =Front-row forwards 8. Jack Ryrie ({{rlp|pr}}) – 9. John Lang ({{rlp|hk}}) – 10. Rod Morris ({{rlp|pr}}) Back row 11. Des Morris - ({{rlp|sr}}) - 12. Darren Smith 13. Joe Baker ({{rlp|lk}})

Backs 7. Wayne Lindenberg ({{rlp|hb}}){{indent|30}} 6. Col McCartney ({{rlp|fe}}) 3. Bob Hagan} - - 4. John Eales 5. John Schatz     2. Jeff Denman 1, Noel Morgan }}

Internationals

 * Neville Broadfoot.
 * Bill Christie
 * Bob Hagan
 * Arther Henderson]]
 * Jeff Denman
 * John Lang
 * John Payne
 * Rod Morris

Notable juniors

 * Alan Cann
 * Patrick Carrigan
 * Tonie Carroll
 * Ryley Jacks
 * Paul Khan
 * Kalyn Ponga
 * Christian Welch

Queensland Cup
Since the inception of the Queensland Cup in 1996, the Tigers have played in 16 finals series, making the Grand Final five times.
 * 1996 – 4th
 * 1997 – Runners Up – Finished 3rd on ladder
 * 1998 – 9th
 * 1999 – 5th
 * 2000 – 3rd
 * 2001 – 4th
 * 2002 – 4th
 * 2003 – 9th
 * 2004 – Runners Up – Finished 3rd on ladder
 * 2005 – 8th
 * 2006 – 3rd
 * 2007 – 5th
 * 2008 – 7th
 * 2009 – 9th
 * 2010 – 11th
 * 2011 – 8th
 * 2012 – 6th
 * 2013 – Runners Up – Finished 3rd on ladder
 * 2014 – Runners Up – Finished 3rd on ladder
 * 2015 – 4th
 * 2016 – 6th
 * 2017 – 4th
 * 2018 – Runners Up – Finished 5th on ladder
 * 2019 – 8th
 * 2020 – Season cancelled
 * 2021 – 11th
 * 2022 – 7th
 * 2023 – Premiers - Finished 3rd on ladder

Brisbane A Grade / FOGS Cup Results
The FOGS Cup is an 6-team competition local Brisbane A Grade competition. It was previously known as the FOGS Cup and was a level below the QRL's Intrust Super Cup. The Easts Tigers have had a team in the Cup since its inception in 2001 and have been the most successful club to date, winning the premiership 8 from 19 seasons.
 * 2001 – Premiers
 * 2002 – Premiers
 * 2003 – Runners-up – 2nd
 * 2004 – Premiers
 * 2005 – Premiers
 * 2006 – 4th
 * 2008 – Premiers
 * 2009 –
 * 2010 –
 * 2011 –
 * 2012 – Premiers
 * 2013 – Premiers
 * 2014 – Premiers
 * 2015 – 3rd
 * 2016 – 6th
 * 2017 – 5th
 * 2018 – 4th
 * 2019 – 4th
 * 2020 – Withdrew from the competition

Queensland Cup

 * Premierships: 2023
 * Runners Up: : 1997, 2004, 2013, 2014, 2018

Records
Most Games for Club

 * 196, Scott Sipple
 * 183, Shane Neumann
 * 163, Wade Liddell
 * 156, Isaac Kaufmann
 * 152, Matthew Zgrajewski

Most Points for Club

 * 648, Scott Thorburn
 * 553, Cody Walker
 * 504, Matt Lockyer
 * 394, Billy Walters
 * 358, John Wilshere

Most Tries for Club

 * 81, Shane Neumann
 * 65, Wade Liddell
 * 57, Jarrod McInally
 * 54, Cody Walker
 * 53, Isaac Kaufmann

On-line references

 * 1) Eastern Suburbs Tigers History retrieved 7 December 2005
 * 2) Eastern Suburbs Tigers Statistics retrieved 7 December 2005

title: Brisbane Tigers


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat
I'd like to feature the temple, but featuring the article would be a decent second-best. Self-nom, with help on Peer Review from nixie and WegianWarrior. Mark1 04:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Well-written, well-illustrated, well-referenced. Excellent. --DanielNuyu 05:37, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Support. A pleasure to read, in addition to everything allready mentioned.WegianWarrior 05:55, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This looks remarkably well done -- I'm impressed. Clearly a product of extensive research and careful writing. Great pictures, as well! Jwrosenzweig 08:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Impressive. -- ALoan (Talk) 10:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Very well referenced, and extremely well-detailed, and with (related) images to boot (but not too many as to go over the top). You have put a lot of work into this article; it would be a shame to see this one be bypassed for Feature Article Status (and especially front-page feature). --JB Adder | Talk 10:49, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, great work. Saswann 17:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I left a comment on the talk page regarding a minor issue (an unclear sentence), but I'm confident this can be resolved in a matter of minutes. Either way, Support. Christopher Parham (talk) 18:02, 2005 July 26 (UTC)
 * Support, although seeing the two spellings of this name left with the question: How does one properly pronounce "Angkor Wat"? -- llywrch 02:46, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The w is definitely pronounced as a w rather than a v; the "vat" spelling is basically the French one, but I included it because for reasons best known to themselves, the Cambodian government's APSARA authority uses it. Mark1 03:01, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support.pamri 06:25, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, I was impressed by this article on peer review, I'm glad to see it's got wide support here since its an excellent article.--nixie 05:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. This article definately fits the criteria for a featured article. It is well laid out, it's easy to read, and overall it's well written.  Jtkiefer  T - 06:00, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. A terrific article and a most enjoyable read. My praise to its authors.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:20, 30 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Fetal bovine serum

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is derived from the blood drawn from a bovine fetus via a closed system of collection at the slaughterhouse. Fetal bovine serum is the most widely used serum-supplement for the in vitro cell culture of eukaryotic cells. This is due to it having a very low level of antibodies and containing more growth factors, allowing for versatility in many different cell culture applications.

The globular protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), is a major component of fetal bovine serum. The rich variety of proteins in fetal bovine serum maintains cultured cells in a medium in which they can survive, grow, and divide.

Because it is a biological product, FBS is not a fully defined media component, and as such varies in composition between batches. As a result of this and in an attempt to minimize the possibility of transfer of adventitious agents, serum-free and chemically defined media (CDM) have been developed. However, the effectiveness of serum-free media is limited as many cell lines still require serum in order to grow, and many serum-free media formulations can only support the growth of narrowly-defined types of cells.

Production
FBS is a by-product of the meat industry. FBS, as with the vast majority of animal serum used in cell culture, is produced from blood collected at commercial slaughterhouses from cattle that also supply meat intended for human consumption.

The first stage of the production process for FBS is the harvesting of blood from the bovine fetus after the fetus is removed from the slaughtered cow. The fetus dies from the lack of oxygen by remaining in the protective environment of the uterus for a minimum of 15–20 minutes after the cow is dead. The blood is collected aseptically into a sterile container or blood bag and then allowed to clot. The normal method of collection is cardiac puncture. This minimizes the danger of serum contamination with micro-organisms from the fetus itself, and the environment, while maximizing the volume of blood collected. It is then centrifuged to remove the fibrin clot and the remaining blood cells from the clear yellow (straw) colored serum. The serum is frozen prior to further processing that is necessary to make it suitable for cell culture.

The second stage of processing involves filtration, typically using a filtration chain with the final filtration being three sterile 0.1 micron membrane filters. The aseptically processed FBS is subjected to stringent quality control testing and is supplied with a detailed Certificate of Analysis. The certificate gives full test results and information concerning the origin of the serum. Certificates of Analysis vary between commercial suppliers, but each usually includes the following details: filtration statement, country of blood collection, country of manufacture, cell growth performance testing, microbial sterility testing, as well as screening for mycoplasma and virus, endotoxin, hemoglobin, IgG gamma glutamyl transferase and total protein assays. FBS may also be tested for country of collection.

Ethics
Ethical questions have been raised regarding the blood collection process due to the potential suffering caused to the fetus. There has been discussion concerning the methodologies for the collection of fetal bovine serum. The International Serum Industry Association (ISIA) has published literature providing detail on the extensive regulation and processes employed to ensure that serum is collected in an ethical manner. Although the act of slaughter of the dam and the time which passes in the slaughter process prior to harvesting will induce unconsciousness or death of the fetus prior to serum harvesting, it has been postulated that exposure of live unborn calves to oxygen could cause them to gain awareness before being killed, resulting in active debate about the ethics of harvesting serum. While the Industry Association accepts that certain organizations have concerns, they maintain that all collections of serum take place under veterinary supervision in registered slaughterhouses controlled by the competent authority in the country of collection.

Serum use
Fetal bovine serum is commercially available from many manufacturers, and because cells grown in vitro are highly sensitive, customers usually test specific batches to check for suitability for their specific cell type. When changing from batch to batch it is usual to adapt the cells to the new batch of material, for example, by mixing 50% of the old serum with 50% of the new serum and allowing the cells to acclimatize to the new material.

Serum is stored frozen to preserve the stability of components such as growth factors. When serum is thawed, some precipitation may be seen. This is a normal phenomenon, and it does not compromise the quality of serum in any way. The precipitate may be removed by transferring the serum to sterile tubes and centrifuging for 5 minutes at 400 × g. To limit the amount of precipitation, it is recommended that the serum is thawed in a refrigerator at 2-8˚C. The serum should be regularly stirred during this process. Repeated freeze/thaw cycles should be avoided, and it is advisable to dispense the serum into single use aliquots before freezing.

Source history
Serum produced for use in the biotechnology industry and research sectors is highly regulated. The collection and movement of all animal derived products globally is strictly controlled. Veterinary control of animal derived products largely follows the regulations set by the EU (DG SANCO) and the US (USDA). The current regulation governing the importation of animal by-products into the EU is covered by Regulation (EU) 1069/2009 and the implementation document Regulation (EU) 142/2011.

FBS is a product collected worldwide with the main collections being centered in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Central America, South America, and Europe.

Global sales
Sales of FBS in 2008 were estimated to be 700,000 liters globally. A 2012 source estimates that about 600,000 liters are made annually, one third of which is suitable for pharmaceutical use under Good Manufacturing Practice. 1 to 3 fetuses are required to produce one liter of serum.

Replacements
Proposed replacements for FBS include:
 * Bovine ocular fluid, also a byproduct of slaughterhouses. Also contains a variety of mammalian growth factors.
 * Hydrolyzed sericin, a normally discarded byproduct of silk production. Also supports the growth of skin cells.
 * Human platelet lysate (HPL), which can be produced from old stock from blood banks. Contains a variety of mammalian growth factors. Human adipose tissue grows better in HPL than in FBS.
 * Earthworm heat inactivated coelomic fluid, which acts like "blood" in earthworms. Rich in nutrients and growth hormones. Does not contain fibronectin, so an attachment factor must be added.

title: Fetal bovine serum


text:
The Research and Analysis Center

The Research and Analysis Center (TRAC), formerly the TRADOC Analysis Center, is an analysis agency of the United States Army. TRAC conducts research on potential military operations worldwide to inform decisions about the most challenging issues facing the Army and the Department of Defense (DoD). TRAC relies upon the intellectual capital of a highly skilled workforce of military and civilian personnel to execute its mission.

TRAC conducts operations research (OR) on a wide range of military topics, some contemporary but most often set five to 15 years in the future. TRAC directly supports the mission of the Army Futures Command (AFC), to develop future concepts and requirements while also serving the decision needs of many military clients.

Mission statement
To produce relevant and credible operations analysis to inform decisions.

Organization
TRAC is led by a civilian SES director, subordinate to the Commanding General of the US Army Futures Command. It comprises four centers:
 * TRAC-Fort Leavenworth (TRAC-FLVN), led by a civilian SES director, is co-located with TRAC headquarters at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and has traditionally conducted analysis at the operational (Corps and division) level.
 * TRAC-White Sands Missile Range (TRAC-WSMR), led by a civilian SES director, is located at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico and has traditionally conducted analysis at the tactical Brigade and below level.
 * TRAC-Fort Gregg-Adams (TRAC-FGAV), led by a lieutenant colonel, is co-located with the Combined Arms Support Command (CASCOM) located at Fort Gregg-Adams, VA and has traditionally conducted analysis in the area of Sustainment, which includes Logistics and other support functions such as medical and personnel.
 * TRAC-Monterey, also led by a lieutenant colonel, is co-located with the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, CA and has traditionally utilized the resources of NPS to conduct research into new models and methodologies.

Each center director is subordinate to the TRAC director.

Program
The TRAC program of operations research and analysis is forward-looking and addresses a wide range of military topics. The analysis is conducted within a joint framework of combined arms operations across a full spectrum of missions and environments. TRAC leads major studies of new warfighting operations and organization (O&O) concepts and requirements, and Acquisition Category (ACAT) I and special interest ACAT II and II and  Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) in line with the JCIDS process. Research topics span doctrine, training, leader development, organization, materiel, and soldier support (DOTMLPF).

Director, TRAC is the Army Futures Command executive agent for developing scenarios for use in studies and analysis. TRAC develops scenarios of potential military operations set in the future for use in modeling and analysis.

title: The Research and Analysis Center


text:
Woodbridge High School (New Jersey)

Woodbridge High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school located in Woodbridge Township, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as part of the Woodbridge Township School District. The high school is one of three in the district, together with Colonia High School and John F. Kennedy Memorial High School. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1928.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,558 students and 131.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.8:1. There were 468 students (30.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 172 (11.0% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 159th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 170th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 229th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 231st in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 222nd in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school tied for 40th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (a decrease of 14 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the mathematics (93.8%) and language arts literacy (97.3%) components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA).

History
The current Woodbridge High School was occupied in 1956 and built adjacent to the then new modern football stadium. The old stadium (Legion Field) was vacated to make way for the southbound lanes of the New Jersey Turnpike. Prior to 1957, the high school was located on Barron and Grove Avenue, which is the current site of the Woodbridge Middle School. It operated on split sessions for many years: Freshmen and Sophomores attended school in the afternoon; Juniors and Seniors in the morning. The last graduating class of the Barron Avenue "Woodbridge High School" was in 1956.

 * The first school building was erected in 1876 in Woodbridge Township, and was designated PS 1. It was located on School Street in Woodbridge Proper.
 * The school was built on a budget of $25,000.00. The head mason was William B. Van Voast of New Brunswick, New Jersey. The carpentry work was done by Manning & Rudolph, of Plainfield, C. Graham & Son, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, architects. The clock, bell, and bell tower have since been removed, along with other renovations that have been done to the building. The bell now resides at Parker Press Park. The names of the mentioned mason and carpenters are embossed on the bell, along with other names.
 * Classes started in January 1877.
 * High school classes were first conducted in PS 1. The building now houses the Woodbridge Board of Education.
 * In 1883, the first high school students graduated. There were two graduates.
 * In 1911, high school classes were conducted in the then new building on Barron Avenue. This building now houses Woodbridge Middle School.
 * In 1948, a football field and stadium building were constructed on the site of an old wooden surfaced auto racetrack called the 'Woodbridge Speedway'. It was dedicated as 'The Stadium'. The field was re-dedicated 'Nick Priscoe Field' in the 1970s after a longtime former head football coach.
 * In 1956, the current Woodbridge HS building was erected and 'Kelly Street' ran through the HS property. The roadway was later renamed 'Samuel Lupo Place" in the 1980s after another head football coach.
 * In 1956, WHS graduated 317 students, the final class to graduate from the Barron Avenue building.

Athletics
The Woodbridge High School Barrons compete in the Greater Middlesex Conference, which comprises public and private high schools in the Middlesex County area and operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 1,052 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group III for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 761 to 1,058 students in that grade range. The football team competes in Division 4 of the Big Central Football Conference, which includes 60 public and private high schools in Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union and Warren counties, which are broken down into 10 divisions by size and location. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group IV North for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 895 to 1,296 students.

Together with John F. Kennedy Memorial High School, the school participates in a cooperative ice hockey program with Colonia High School as the host school / lead agency, under an agreement scheduled to expire at the end of the 2023–24 school year.

The football team has won 12 conference / division titles, and nine state championships: 1930, 1938, 1939, 1960, 1970 and 1971 before the playoff era, and won the Central Jersey Group IV sectional title in 1980, 1993 and 1997. The 1980 team won the Central Jersey Group IV state sectional title with a 7-6 win in the championship game against Raritan High School.

The 1975 boys' basketball team finished with a 29-2 record after winning the Group IV state championship, defeating Eastside Paterson by a score of 73-58 in the title game, the program's first tournament final.

Boys' and girls' bowling teams have won 15 state championships between the two. The boys' team won the overall team title in 1981, 1983 and 1992, and won the Group III state championship in 2007, 2011, 2012, 2018 and 2019; The eight state titles are the most for any team in the state. The team won the Tournament of Champions in 2012 and 2018. The girls' bowling team won the overall state championship in 1989, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2001 and 2006, and won the Group III state title and the Tournament of Champions in 2007. The seven titles won by the girls' team are the second most in the state. The 1993 team finished as overall state champion in 2001 with 2,653 pins, five ahead of second-place Central Regional High School with 2,648.

The softball team won the Group IV state championship in 1978, defeating Westfield High School, and were runners up in 1979 when they lost to Ridgewood High School.

The boys' shuttle hurdle relay team won the Group IV state championship in 1995 with the fastest time in the state, 31.27 seconds.

Administration
The school's principal is Scott Osborne. His core administration team includes the two vice principals.

Notable alumni

 * Percy Edgar Brown, (1885–1937), soil scientist at Iowa State University, best known for the book, Soils of Iowa
 * Erik Christensen (born 1931), wide receiver who played for the Washington Redskins. Christensen attended Woodbridge High School before transferring to Fork Union Military Academy.
 * Lou Creekmur (born 1927), offensive lineman (eight Pro Bowl appearances) with the Detroit Lions, inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1996.
 * Libell Duran, Miss New Jersey USA 2013.
 * Edward M. Hundert (born 1957), medical ethicist.
 * Jack H. Jacobs (born 1945, class of 1962), Medal of Honor Recipient, awarded 1969.
 * Kyle Johnson (born 1978, class of 1996), fullback with the Denver Broncos.
 * Michael Jones (born 1987), actor and internet personality.
 * Pat Lamberti (1937–2007), American football linebacker who played for the New York Titans and Denver Broncos in 1961.
 * Praise Martin-Oguike (born 1993), American football defensive end who played in the XFL for the Seattle Dragons.
 * Jack Protz (born 1948), American football linebacker who played for the San Diego Chargers in 1970.
 * Dawn Marie Psaltis (born 1970), former female professional wrestler and WWE Diva.
 * Richie Sambora (born 1959), former lead guitarist of the rock band Bon Jovi who was honored by having the street leading to the school named "Richie Sambora Way".
 * Tommy Thompson (1927-1990), American football linebacker and center who played for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference and the NFL in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

title: Woodbridge High School (New Jersey)


text:
User:Klonimus/AINB

Welcome to the anti-idiotarian notice board. This notice board is established for the purpose of coordinating work on removing bias and apologetics and increasing the quality,accuracy, and balance of articles related to contentious topics.

= Pages in Need of Work =

Books

 * The Case for Israel (book)
 * The Case For Democracy
 * The Rage and The Pride
 * The Nazi Connection to Islamic Terrorism
 * Islam and Terrorism: What the Quran Really Teaches About Christianity, Violence and the Goals of the Islamic Jihad
 * Islam and the Jews: The Unfinished Battle
 * Decline of Eastern Christianity: From Jihad to Dhimmitude subject to extesive vandalism by history buffers.
 * The Force of Reason
 * While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within
 * The Caged Virgin

People

 * Dilpazier Aslam An intern at the Guardian, who was fired for writing an insensitve article after the london bombings and for not revealing his affiliation with Hizb ut-Tahrir, an islamist political group with an anti-semitic bent.
 * Ali Sina Notable Ex-Muslim. His page could use some cleaning up.
 * Juan Cole Chomskyite Academic.

Topics

 * Militant Islam Urgently needs attention after surving a VFD vote.
 * Rules of war in Islam Could use some work in formating, removing apologetics, and aquiring a more balanced set of quotes from the Quran.
 * Opposition to Islam Needs copyediting.
 * Religious conflict and Islam
 * Zionist Organization of America, needs expansion

Edit Conflicts

 * Al-Aaimmah bridge stampede warring over if terrorists firing mortars into a crowd of people are terrorists or not.
 * Arab Bank edit warring over inclusion of a link to a civil complaint alledging that the Bank helps palestinian terrorists
 * Mark A. Gabriel Christian critic of Islam, former moslem. Article under attack by apologists.
 * Victor Davis Hanson edit warring over insertion of anti-VDH POV.

Bias Abatement

 * Rehavam Zeevi Needs some work to remove euro-leftist POV.
 * Zionist terrorism
 * Israeli terrorism
 * Christian Zionism Filled with POV that disparages christian zionists.
 * Category:Books critical of Islam

title: User:Klonimus/AINB


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neruj

Neruj
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 07:06, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

An Everquest player. Yes, that's all. Really. I mean it. But I am unsure if I can speedy this, so I'm bringing it here, and then can use the result of this Vfd for future judgement. So vote wisely, for The Avatar is wa--no, wait, wrong game. :) GarrettTalk 04:53, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unfortunately not speediable. Nuke the picture, too. android  79  04:58, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not speediable since it is not about a real person, as CSD A7 (regrettably) insists. There was a proposal about online characters but it managed to fail. -Splash 05:10, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Although I would have counted this as about a real person, since "Neruj" is an Everquest player as well as the character (but I also see an assertion of notability, so no speedy because of that). --Dmcdevit·t 05:59, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, obviously. - Thatdog 05:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Clear delete. Just short of speedy. Agentsoo 10:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn evercrackcruft. -- Etacar11   23:56, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn fancruft. JamesBurns 08:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Articles about RPG player characters are not fancruft. You see, fancruft is of interest to fans. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:38, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Yikes. A Zek PKer who quit when SOE changed the rules to disallow ganking newbies under level 5. Can we just redirect this to assclown? - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 10:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN. Ashmodai 10:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neruj


text:
Penthouse Forum

Penthouse Forum, sometimes simply Forum, is a magazine owned by Penthouse World Media, the publishers of Penthouse magazine.

History and profile
Penthouse Forum was started in March 1968 in the UK and featured letters, articles on health, medicine psychology and social relationships. Its subtitle was International Journal of Human Relations. The first American edition of Penthouse Forum was published in 1971 and became the fastest-growing national magazine by 1978. In the 1970s, Forum was one of the most-sold magazines in America. In 1996, Forum had 400,000 subscribers.

The "letters" section of the magazine became popular, resulting in the creation of another Penthouse publication, Penthouse Letters.

Notable contributors
Many of the editorial staff and half of the letterwriters whose contributions were published were women.

Alastair Campbell, a journalist and Tony Blair's former director of communications, was a contributor to the magazine, as was Chad Varah, the founder of The Samaritans charity and an Anglican priest, who was a consultant on sex education for the magazine.

In July 2006 the rights to the UK edition were licensed to Trojan Publishing.

title: Penthouse Forum


text:
User:T-mccool

Hello! I am 18 years old and I live in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the U.S.

I enjoy photography, and I take pictures with my very old Pentax K-1000.

I have vacationed in many different countries with my family, and I feel privelaged to have seen so many famous places in the world, like Stonehenge and the Parthenon. When I grow up I wish to become a photographer and hopefully work for a magazine that allows me to explore the world through my lens.

I'm a huge baseball fan, and even though the Pirates have never done well over the past decade, I still love them and support them. When the MLB All-Star Game comes to Pittsburgh, I'll be extremely excited. My other favorite sports are tennis and soccer, so of course I love watching Wimbledon and the World Cup. The past few years I've also watched the Tour de France on TV, cheering for Lance Armstrong. But even though Lance has retired, I think I'll still watch the Tour, because cycling is really a very exciting sport.

My plan for Wikipedia is to expand on articles of photographers I admire:

 * Margaret Bourke-White
 * W. Eugene Smith
 * Henri Cartier-Bresson
 * Eugène Atget

I've also made extensive revisions already on the Pirates page.

Page Creations
 * Rob Mackowiak
 * Ian Snell
 * Freddy Sanchez

title: User:T-mccool


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/National Lampoon's Pledge This!

National Lampoon's Pledge This!
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Redwolf24 07:08, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

National Lampoon -- remember that? Back when your parents were your age -- er, no, a bit further back than that -- it was an amusing magazine. Then the name was applied to a succession of movies that usually got terse descriptions such as "bomb" or "dud".

So what's this about then? A film that hasn't been issued, starring Paris Hilton. But Wikipedia is not a crystal ball; wait till this is released. -- Hoary 04:56, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * PS Gosh, this really turns out to exist and to be coming soon. I must have misread "2005" as "2006", or perhaps I even more sleepily misread my position in the space/time continuum as 2004 rather than 2005 (I had a hard night last night): either way, I got the impression that the celluloid muse was promised to grace us with this opus over a year from now. I take it all back. The IMdB synopsis makes the film sound terribly thrilling, and I bow to Capitalistroadster's judgement when he says (below) that it "has a notable star in Paris Hilton" (my underlining for emphasis). So keep! Millions of readers of WP want to know! -- Hoary 09:24, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, it has an entry at imdb -- http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0417056/combined, and there have been a couple of news items about it (although really more about its cast) -- http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0417056/news. See also http://movies.hsx.com/servlet/SecurityDetail?symbol=PLEDG, http://www.comingsoon.net/films.php?id=10221, and http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/526/526381p1.html.  John Barleycorn 05:18, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. Hamster Sandwich 05:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This film already gets over 4500 Google Hits has been filmed and in post-production for release later this year and has a notable star in Paris Hilton. Trailers are already in cinemas and online. Verifiable and notable. If we delete it now, it will simply be recreated in a few months time. Capitalistroadster 05:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep We don't delete an article on a movie because you don't think it's funny. --malathion talk 06:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this and your crystal bawls. —RaD Man (talk) 07:31, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep or stop the movie from being produced -- either will do. gren 07:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per John Barleycorn. …Markaci 2005-07-26 T 07:44:19 Z
 * Strong Delete Per Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. Additionally (this is not grounds for deletion), there is no information here besides the IMDB details. Halidecyphon 11:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per John Barleycorn -newkai | talk | contribs 12:53, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete nothing noteworthy in the article and unlikely to be until the movie is (ever) released. Garglebutt 13:37, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There is precedent for articles on unreleased (but confirmed) films, and this one seems to be pretty much a done deal. 23skidoo 14:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, concur with Hoary's change of mind james gibbon  15:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not much encyclopedic about it now, but it's scheduled for a November release; it'll just be an unnecessary duplication of effort to re-create it then. Fernando Rizo T/C 17:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Please try to maintain your enthusiasm, i'm sure this will be the best movie ever, but no reason to squat on a page, just wait till its out.--Kilr0y 22:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The anonymous creator and "keep" voters are "squatting on a page" in one sense for the next several months. Some of the "delete" voters are "squatting on a page" in another sense in their voting.  I wish there were more than the iMDb (however that's capitalized) to go from, but that and precedent are just enough to make me vote keep.  Nothing noteworthy is likely to exist after the film is released, unless the kid asking about nudity in the IMDB forum gets his wank-wish.  "Nicky Hilton" is listed as being cast as "Unknown".  That shouldn't change.  Barno 00:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete speculation - wikipedia is not a crystal ball. JamesBurns 08:58, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep rather than recreate the thing four months later. Ashmodai 10:48, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - misuse of crystal ball argument must end. Proto t c 11:22, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --*drew 07:32, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Speedway venues

title: Category:Speedway venues


text:
Thomas Hastings (composer)

Thomas Hastings (15 October 1784 – 15 May 1872) was an American composer, primarily an author of hymn tunes of which the best known is "Toplady" for the hymn Rock of Ages. He was born to Dr. Seth and Eunice (Parmele) Hastings in Washington, Connecticut. He was a 3rd great-grandson of Thomas Hastings who came from the East Anglia region of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634.

Life and career
Hastings moved to Clinton, New York, as a youth and began his career as a singing teacher, being largely a self-taught musician. Hastings compiled the hymn book Spiritual Songs with Lowell Mason in 1831, which included his most well-known hymn "Rock of Ages." He then moved to New York City, where he served as a choir master for 40 years, from 1832 to 1872. Hastings was a prolific composer, writing some 1000 hymn tunes over his career, and what Mason calls the "simple, easy, and solemn" style of his music remains a major influence on the hymns of the Protestant churches to this day.

Hastings' 1822 Dissertation on Musical Taste, the first full musical treatise by an American author, was a notable voice in the shift in American music toward the models of German music rather than British; as "one of the first spokespersons for the cultivated tradition of American music", he emphasized the science and philosophical mission of music above the looser and more folk-based music of his predecessors. While Hastings' first compilation still showed strong evidence of adherence to the British tradition, later works would include many German songs, and what older hymns and other settings he did include had the harmonies completely rewritten to conform to German ideals of classical music.

In addition to his composition and compiling of tunebooks for use in the singing schools, Hastings founded Musical Magazine, a periodical he edited from 1835 to 1837; his early writings on church music for the Western Recorder, which he began editing in 1823, had given him the prior experience, as well as establishing his musical and professional credibility around its home base of Utica, New York and the surrounding areas.

Hastings died in New York in 1872 and is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery.

title: Thomas Hastings (composer)


text:
Talk:Israfil

Is Israfel same as Raphael (archangel) -Tydaj 04:57, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well spotted — that certainly looks likely; I've asked the same question at Talk:Raphael, and suggested a merge. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No, they are two separate figures in the relevant literature, and come from very different Hebrew roots. Israfel comes from SRP, or "burning," from which we also get the word "Seraphim," and he is commonly associated with music and the trumpets of judgment.  Raphael comes from a word that means "healing," and is a significant aspect of his role in the Book of Tobit.  Any suggested equivalence would need to be sourced in order to indicate precisely what subset of the lore equates them - a merge would be wholly inappropriate.  ◄   Zahakiel   ►  23:29, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

 * That couldn't be more clearly stated. Perhaps a brief para. on the source of the confusion, if there really is any?--Wetman 23:42, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

It is interesting though that in the Baha'i Writings, the two concepts are mentioned together, "In this day if anyone liveth in accord with the heavenly teachings and instructions, he shall become a spiritual physician to the world of humanity and the trumpet of Israfel to quicken the dead...." `Abdu'l-Bahá - Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas, p.387-390

Query
I've never heard of an Ayat or Hadith that describes the physical features of Israfil in Islam. Citation is required. 143.167.244.151 (talk) 17:55, 21 December 2012 (UTC)
 * A source is given, Gustav Davidson's Dictionary of Angels. Digging up my old copy, he cites the abridged edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, who would have ultimately gotten it from a source text by a Muslim (but not necessarily an Ayat or Hadith, though that does not change the fact that it is an Islamic belief about Israfel, even if it is not a universal belief). Ian.thomson (talk) 18:26, 21 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Right although there are No Hadith and Ayat regarding the appearance and physical features of Israfil but there are books that describes it. Britannica also has an article on it see here and check the references too. -- Ibrahim ebi (talk) 13:49, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

Israfil/Israfel is the alternate name of Uriel - one of the four Archangels in Judaism
I added to this article that (Israfil/Israfel) is the alternate name of the Archangel Uriel for the Jewish people. Fighting evil (talk) 19:04, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

"Israfil" Used Just for the Sound by Poe?
This should be corrected--it is clear that Poe used the figure of Israfil not just for its sound, because he also uses the traditional attributes of this angel in his poem. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.60.7.34 (talk) 19:25, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

Etymology?
Is anything known about the etymology of the name? Jimw338 (talk) 16:49, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Israfil


text:
Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church

The Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church (previously the Augustana Lutheran Synod and also Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod in North America and Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod in North America) was a Lutheran church body in the United States that was one of the churches that merged into the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) in 1962. It had its roots among the Swedish immigrants in the 19th century.

In 1961, just before its merger into the LCA, the Augustana Synod had 1,353 pastors, 1,219 congregations, and 619,040 members.

Formation
The Scandinavian Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod in North America was established in 1860. The organizing meeting was held at the Jefferson Prairie Settlement, near Clinton, Wisconsin on June 5–8. A group of Swedish Lutheran pastors including Jonas Swensson, Lars Paul Esbjörn, Tuve Hasselquist, Eric Norelius, and Erland Carlsson pioneered development of the Augustana Synod.

Augustana is a shortened version of Confessio Augustana, the Latin name of one of Lutheranism's defining documents, the Augsburg Confession, presented in 1530 in the German city of Augsburg. Along with the Swedish members of the church were Norwegian and Danish members who left the church in 1870 to form the Conference of the Norwegian-Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America and the Norwegian Augustana Synod. Also in 1870, the synod was renamed the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod in North America. In 1894 the name was changed to Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod in North America. In 1948, the name Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church was adopted.

In 1922, the synod was given equal standing in Sweden with the Swedish synods.

Originally somewhat conservative, the church gradually turned more liberal after historical criticism was introduced at its seminary. The Augustana Theological Seminary was located on the campus of Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois. It was later merged into the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago upon the formation of the Lutheran Church in America in 1962.

Augustana Church was the direct parent of several liberal arts colleges in the United States: Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois; Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota; Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas; California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks, California; Midland University in Fremont, Nebraska; and the defunct Upsala College in East Orange, New Jersey. Augustana and Gustavus Adolphus consistently rank among the top 100 liberal arts colleges in the U.S., and the other institutions are recognized as strong regional colleges.

While the Augustana Church had only 600,000 members when the Lutheran Church in America was formed, its influence on its successor bodies has been significant as they incorporated many of Augustana's emphases on mission, ecumenism, and social service. Herbert W. Chilstrom, the first presiding bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, was a graduate of the Augustana Theological Seminary and was ordained to Augustana's ministry in 1958. Included among the Augustana-founded congregations is Mount Olivet Lutheran Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the largest Lutheran congregation in the world with over 13,000 members.

Presidents

 * Tuve Hasselquist 1860–1870
 * Jonas Swensson 1870–1873
 * Eric Norelius 1874–1881
 * Erland Carlsson 1881–1888
 * Sven Peter August Lindahl 1888–1891
 * P. J. Svärd 1891–1899
 * Eric Norelius 1899–1911
 * L. A. Johnston 1911–1918
 * Gustaf Albert Brandelle 1918–1935
 * Petrus Olaf Bersell 1935–1951
 * Oscar A. Benson 1951–1959
 * Malvin H. Lundeen 1959–1962

Conferences
Final statistics of the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church (December 31, 1961).

Histoiography

 * Granquist, Mark Alan. "Five American Lutheran Histories." Lutheran Quarterly 12.2 (1998): 197–209.

title: Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church


text:
User talk:Omanguy

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 04:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

This message is regarding the article Albus Dumbledore. Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Jtkiefer T - 21:12, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the article YTMND Forums. Please stop removing content from Wikipedia that people have worked hard to create. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. [ contribs • block • [ block log ] ] -- Pgk 21:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the article YTMND Forums. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. [ contribs • block • [ block log ] ] -- Pgk 21:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Omanguy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/MarioandLuigi

MarioandLuigi
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete and Redirect Redwolf24 07:13, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Redundant of a lot of articles, most notably Mario. Merge, if anything, and delete. K1Bond007 05:01, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I would vote merge, but I don't think there's anything in this article that doesn't already exist in the proper place. --Pagrashtak 05:10, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. As per Pagrashtak. --Maustrauser 05:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Mario and... uh... Luigi. - Thatdog 05:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect for those who somehow come upon a misspelling like this...to either Mario Bros. or Mario -- having redirects lessens chance of being created again. gren 07:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. There may be a few bits of info here worth merging; for example, the picture of Charles Martinet. He's not quite notable enough to get his own page, IMHO. Agentsoo 10:08, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, Charles Martinet already has his own article, complete with picture. --Pagrashtak 13:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, no redirect, in agreement with Pagrashtak's two comments so far. Barno 00:34, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Everything on this article is covered elsewhere. Binadot 01:28, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect Merge Mario bio with Mario page and Luigi bio with Luigi Page... --Mjvan12 02:20, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nothing to merge. JamesBurns 08:59, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:Speedway riders

Please do not remove riders from this list into other categories (or sub categories), for example countries. Other categories may be a helpful addition.

title: Category:Speedway riders


text: User talk:24.161.115.114

title: User talk:24.161.115.114


text:
Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America

The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (commonly known as the Suomi Synod, Amerikan suomalainen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko) was a Lutheran church body which existed in the United States from 1890 until 1962.

History
The Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (FELC) was organized at Calumet, Michigan in 1890. FELC was defined more by its Finnish ethnic origin than by any specific theological strain. In 1896, the church established Suomi College and Theological Seminary (now called Finlandia University) in Hancock, Michigan. It is the only private institution of higher learning in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and the only remaining university in North America founded by Finnish immigrants.

FELC was one of the Lutheran church bodies that merged into the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) in 1962. At that time, FELC had 36,274 members and 105 ministers in 153 congregations, and was the smallest of LCA's founding church bodies. The LCA was subsequently party to the merger that created the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America in 1988.

Presidents

 * Juho K. Nikander (1890–1898)
 * Kaarle Leonard Tolonen (1898–1902)
 * Juho K. Nikander (1902–1919)
 * John Wargelin (1919–1919)
 * Alvar Albert Rautalahti (1919–1922)
 * Alfred Haapanen (1922–1950)
 * John Wargelin (1950–1955)
 * Raymond Waldemar Wargelin (1955–1962)

Other sources

 * Wolf, Edmund Jacob (1889) The Lutherans in America; a story of struggle, progress, influence and marvelous growth (New York: J.A. Hill)
 * Bente, F. (1919) American Lutheranism Volume II (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House)
 * Nichol, Todd W. (1986) All These Lutherans (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishers)


text: Category:Sports venues in Russia

title: Category:Sports venues in Russia


text:
Talk:Spiritual density

Welcome.
Welp. I've done as much as I can do with this article; I've attempted to differentiate explicit and obvious different modes of consciousness into 7+ levels...

I have attempted to give a slight history of the origin of spiritual density terminology and I have defined a basic system from which we can proceed.

This article IS open to discussion, however, since it's been up three weeks and I've not seen complaints, I can assume that perhaps none of this material really is open to discussion.

Yes, this is my baby. I've been working on the density problem for years. But if you feel that changes need to be made, I'll be more than happy to oblige you in letting you make them.

I have done some scrubbing up and I'm adding details.

- ironyWrit

-

Exert from Monty Python's “The Meaning of Life”.

Exec #1 (Graham Chapman): Item six on the agenda: “The Meaning of Life” Now uh, Harry, you’ve had some thoughts on this.

Exec #2 (Michael Palin): Yeah, I’ve had a team working on this over the past few weeks, and what we’ve come up with can be reduced to two fundamental concepts. One: People aren’t wearing enough hats. Two: Matter is energy. In the universe there are many energy fields which we cannot normally perceive. Some energies have a spiritual source which act upon a person’s soul. However, this “soul” does not exist ab initio as orthodox Christianity teaches; it has to be brought into existence by a process of guided self-observation. However, this is rarely achieved owing to man’s unique ability to be distracted from spiritual matters by everyday trivia.

Exec #3 (Terry Jones): What was that about hats again?

AFAIK this idea is actually ancient Sufi teaching. - TIDA - — Preceding unsigned comment added by TIDownunder (talk • contribs) 05:43, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Disputed
As a non-theosophist, I have problems with the article. It should be clear that these levels exist within the theosophical framework. Further, I strongly disagree with many of the choices of people listed.

Further, I'm glad if you learn things from the Buddha, Jesus, Mohammed, and many other people -- but putting them as references within your article is stretching things. In particular, I've read the Bible, the Koran, and several of the Buddist scriptures, and none of them refer to 'spiritual densities'. Even if you're building on their work, you should only refer to authors and speakers who were within this framework.

Further, do you have any references that Noam Chomsky, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, Max Planck, or Carl Sagan were involved in the theosophical movement?

Chip Unicorn 23:16, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

The way to make this article cleaner and remove the dispute is to state what relationship the disputed people had with the idea of spiritual density.

Chip Unicorn 23:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Welp.
I could remove the topic of theosophy from the segment, but "spiritual density" as a new age term has moved beyond theosophy, as has the entire branch of this type of cosmological model.

I have only really recently just written the article...

... references to individuals listed are as examples of a higher-degree of thinking and that of service orientation.

... the original theosophical model was only the root... many ideas since have surfaced, I have tried to synthesize it the best way I could since when I stumbled upon this article it was a stub.

How should I best fix it according to the above clarification?

ironyWrit

... it may even be in my best interests to remove the lists of names, altogether, which I may end up doing.

Ah, I see what you are saying. I shall go back and just refer to people who are only involved in the development of this article, thusly I will remove the disputed tag.

ironyWrit

keep me posted, obviously you're the disputer, I won't remove the dispute tag until this falls in with your standards.

 * I have a problem with listing people under a topic because they "possibly have a higher sense of awareness", when they may never have been aware of the topic. (Rasputin, though he may have lived during the flowering of various Spiritualist times, likely never heard of Spiritual Density.  Jesus, Mohammed, and the Buddha certainly never did.)
 * If you list people under a topic, they should have something directly related to the topic. For example, Madame Blavatsky is excellent for this topic: as the founder of Theosophy, I would not be surprised if she had written about this topic.  Also, Robert Anton Wilson has written about this topic and closely related topics, so he certainly remains.  (And Aleister Crowley, certainly did know about Spiritualism, and may have written about this topic.  I don't know; I have only read one book by the Beast.)
 * I think that a list of names is a good idea -- but limit it to the people who created and extended this idea!

 * Further -- you commented that this is no longer just a Theosophical idea. It would be fascinating to give original sources as to how the idea of spiritual density was created, and how different groups within the New Age traditions treat it: what differences there are amond the different groups.  You are much better-equipped to discover and write about this than I am.
 * I hope that my criticism makes sense. You've already worked hard on this report, and I hope that this will become an article-of-the-day.

Chip Unicorn 00:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That's true, I will have a lot of work to do, as there are so many people within the new-age movement that dispute with each other about the nature of spiritual density. But it is a very specific part of the new age movement that deals with Extraterrestrial visitations and such things as different levels of the universe.  This article needs a few of those backgrounders and also some mention of ETs, and a mention of other vibrational, physical densities.  It is a work-in-progress, as it stands, and I'm hoping that the ideas will present themselves in talk.

ironyWrit 00:51, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good luck with the editing. Remember that you can always just specify a reference to make something true.  "Albert Einstein and Marie Curie had sex on June 9, 1969" is certainly not true -- neither Albert Einstein nor Marie Curie were alive on that day.  "In his book Things I learned while completely stoned, Swawi BogusSalami says that Albert Einstein and Marie Curie had sex on June 9, 1969." may well be true, if Swami BogusSalami did write that!

Chip Unicorn 01:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand that. The thing about this topic is that there aren't "credible" sources, per-se.  It is a cosmological model that has gotten scant attention from the scientific and spiritual communities, at large.  I attempted, in my own work to shed some light on the "infinite subject" (so to speak), and I dissected and assimilated everything I've learned from researching the topic, over the years, including countless books, advice, and when I really didn't have an external answer, plain old intuition.

 * The methodology for the delineation points is this: What's the most very different thing that can happen upon the next stage?  At that point, those EXTREME differences (e.g. between inert matter and life, life and intelligent life, intelligent life and the next plane, etc, and so on...) would delineate entrance unto a higher plane of existence.

 * It is by no means a mainstream topic (although if I finish this article it might become one).

ironyWrit 01:30, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for clarifying the list of people! Good luck with your work...

Relation to Surat Shabd Yoga
Hi IronyWrit,

You certainly have put a lot of work into this artilce. Thanks! Would you mind adding a link to "Surat Shabd Yoga"? This spirituial practice also involves progressing through the "spirituality density," although that term isn't used.

Regards,

RDF

Need for Encyclopaedia Format
This page reads more like a personal essay (personal research) than a wikipedia article. While i would have absolutely no problems with any of this material on your own website, i question its suitability, in its current form, for wikipedia. See What Wikipedia is not,No original research, and NPOV. Also you seriously need references in the article itself, you can't say "Theosophy says that..." You need to say "Blavatsky (The Secret Doctrine p.whatever) says that...". Or have notes like [1], [2], [3] etc and a seperate section at the bottom that gives the refernces. Especially, as currently written it presents a sympathetic pov which is not suitable for wikipedia (tho it would be perfectly fine on your own website!); it should be written in a NPOV manner (i know it isn't easy if one feels passionately about a subject!) M Alan Kazlev 03:50, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I realize a lot of that. I was hoping someone would take the time to clear it up.  I think when I do finally have the time, I'll focus more on the concept than on the currently "accepted" definitions for densities 1-8.  I don't have the time, though.  I realize it's not an article written to standards...  I'm not a wiki-guru, of course.  The problem with references is because this topic is a lot looser than one might like it to be.  People who can read anything and come to a logical consensus might just let it go.  Human beings are far more limited.

 * -ironyWrit

I'm going to make a few small changes to this page, you can undo them if you dont think they are revelatory but you should really read the law of one saga and the transcripts from cassiopaea, they have much corroberating data -Dave

 * Thanks for that. That fits perfectly in with the general flow of ideas.  Well, that's what collaboration is all about.  I am quite familiar with the Ra materials.  In this article, although it's a bit of a stretch, I'm trying to synthesize all the information on density from everywhere and give people some background knowledge, along the way.  The idea goes far beyond the New Age movement, and channelling.  It's found in major religions, and across all subcultures.

Why the Cleanup and POV tags?
I have just added Cleanup and POV tags to the top of this article. While I have no intention of disputing whether or not thse concepts are factual, I find the article at present to be confusingly organized — forbiddingly so. Moreover, it presents its particular sort of spirituality as Truth, which is not what a Wikipedia article should do. It certainly appears that many people have used the term "spiritual density", though I cannot yet judge whether or not they use this term in a consistent way. The job of this article is to report the ways the various spiritualists have thought about this concept, not to push an original view itself.

Please read No original research and Neutral point of view.

Anville 12:09, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * For those same reasons, I'm on the edge of reaching for the AfD template. There are a number of pages that cover this kind of topic already - for instance, Subtle body, Septenary (Theosophy) and Plane (cosmology) - and show how comparison of different views on levels of spirituality can be handled objectively. In contast, this article just expounds a personal take on the subject.

 * PS "But if you feel that changes need to be made, I'll be more than happy to oblige you in letting you make them". That isn't how it works here. You don't "let us" make them. By posting to Wikipedia, you bought into the deal that others can edit what you wrote. See also Ownership of articles. Tearlach 16:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

I wish I'd seen this in time to vote on it. Some of the edits were high quality. Is there any way to extract them for possible inclusion in another article? -- 216.234.56.130 20:01, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Dreadfully sorry.
I've been reading the rules per article ownership.

Actually, I was in favor of "deleting" it myself, after realizing that I couldn't take it anywhere else, and I had a hard time with sources.

... someone said there were high-quality edits in this article, so perhaps there is an archive of this article somewhere...

I would have voted to delete it as it is, since I was the owner of an article I could not maintain.

New Page
I made a new article (still stubby), which is not based on original research. The rest of the conversation here applies to the iold, deleted page M Alan Kazlev 04:09, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Ok, so much for that bright idea! I couldn't find a single applicable reference in either Google or on Amazon com. Looks like the term, catchy as it is, is original research as well. Anyway I made it a redirect to Plane (cosmology), this being nmore approprate than Transpersonal psychology M Alan Kazlev 04:28, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spiritual density


text: Template:Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority