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Anton Flettner

Anton Flettner (1 November 1885 – 29 December 1961) was a German aviation engineer and inventor. Born in Eddersheim (today a district of Hattersheim am Main), Flettner made important contributions to airplane, helicopter, vessel, and automobile designs.

After serving Germany in both World Wars, Anton Flettner emigrated to the United States post World War II as a consultant to the office of Naval Research at the United States Navy.

Anton Flettner attended the Fulda State Teachers College in Fulda, Germany. He was the village teacher in Pfaffenwiesbach from 1906 to 1909. Flettner subsequently taught high school mathematics and physics in Frankfurt, where he developed ideas that would assist Germany in World War I.

Flettner developed a new method of harnessing the wind: the Flettner Rotor ship. It could permit ocean liners to reduce their crews by two-thirds and save 90 percent in fuel.

World War I
From 1914 to 1918 Anton Flettner worked at the German Ministry for War in the development of remote controls for air, water, and land vehicles. While employed under the aegis of Graf Zeppelin, Flettner also developed pilotless aircraft projects.

At the age of 29, Flettner presented his first invention, a steerable torpedo, to the Kriegsmarine (German Imperial Navy) of World War I. This, and his next invention, a remote-controlled combat car, which was presented to the Heer (German Army), were rejected because they were not considered to be technically feasible. However, Flettner's efforts culminated in the prototype Siemens Schuckert Werke 1000 kg wire guided air to surface missile of 1918.

During World War I, Flettner developed the servo tab / anti-servo tab. The servo tab evolved into the "trim tab" which is still in use on all airplanes and many large vessels. Trim tabs are extremely useful in moving large rudders on vessels with vastly reduced power.

Savonius collaboration
In 1923, Finnish architect Sigurd Johannes Savonius took interest in Flettner's rotor ship, and the two began a collaboration. By the next year, the architect had invented the Savonius wind turbine, and by 1930 had patented a ventilation device based on the wind turbine. The patent was later acquired by Flettner's firm Flettner Ventilator Limited, which still manufactures modern versions of the device in Britain. It has been widely used on buses, vans, boats, railroad cars, campervans, and trucks to assist cooling in warm weather.

Other post-World-War-I work
Following World War I, Flettner was named Managing Director of the Institute for Aero and Hydro Dynamics in Amsterdam. He held that post until 1931.

With assistance from German physicist Albert Betz, Swiss aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret, German engineer Ludwig Prandtl and German theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, Anton Flettner constructed an experimental rotor vessel, the Buckau, later renamed the Baden-Baden, in October 1924 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft. The Buckau was a schooner refitted with two rotating 50-foot cylinders and was the first vessel built with a propulsion system based on the Magnus effect. Flettner came upon the idea while at the beach with his wife. Flettner used sand, flowing over his rotating hand, to describe the Magnus effect and realized its potential for sail propulsion. The Baden-Baden crossed the Atlantic in 1926. It could outsail normal schooners under moderate to heavy winds, but was destroyed by a storm in 1931. A commercial rotor ship, the Barbara, was also built, and sailed to the United States.

In 1926, Anton Flettner shifted his focus to aviation in founding his own company, the Anton Flettner Aircraft Corporation in Berlin, aiming at the application of the Flettner-rotor as a wing replacement on large wind turbines. In 1935, Flettner built a German night reconnaissance and anti-submarine autogyro called the Fl 184. Flettner followed this accomplishment by building the Flettner Fl 185 in 1936, an experimental German gyrodyne, which could fly as both a helicopter and as a gyroplane.

In 1938 Flettner, together with Kurt Hohenemser, built the Flettner Fl 265. The Flettner Fl 265 as the likely pioneering example of a twin-lift rotor synchropter, addressed the problem of torque compensation as the first helicopter with intermeshing rotors (Flettner double rotor).

World War II
During World War II, Anton Flettner headed Flettner Flugzeugbau GmbH, which specialized in reconnaissance helicopters for the German Luftwaffe (Air Force).

Flettner's helicopter inventions were financed from wealth acquired from his ventilator business, a company that was enhanced by the skill of his wife, Lydia Freudenberg Flettner. Anton Flettner built his helicopters for the German military, primarily for navy spotter use. Although his wife was Jewish, he held a personal relationship with the head of gestapo, Heinrich Himmler. Himmler had Flettner's wife and family escorted safely to Sweden for the duration of the war. Anton Flettner's partner and confidant was Kurt Hohenemser, a brilliant and thorough engineer who developed the details necessary for the success of Flettner's helicopters. Hohenemser's father was also Jewish, yet both remained unharmed during their tenure together throughout the war as they worked to develop the helicopter for military use.

While the final product, the Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri ("Hummingbird"), could be factory-assembled, Flettner and Hohenemser insisted that they were the only ones who were capable of assembling the complex intermeshing rotor gearbox assembly. Plans for mass production of 1,000 Flettner Fl 282 helicopters by BMW were disrupted when allied forces bombed the designated factory.

At least two other Flettner helicopters were under development when World War II ended. They were the Flettner Fl 285, another reconnaissance helicopter with a two-hour flight limit and capacity to carry two small bombs, and the Flettner Fl 339, a large transport helicopter project designed for approximately 20 passengers.

Post World War II
Upon the war's conclusion, Anton Flettner was held in the "Dustbin" interrogation camp at Kransberg Castle. After 1945, Flettner, along with many other aviation pioneers, was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. Flettner and his partner, Kurt Hohenemser, were among the first German emigrants into the United States after World War II.

Flettner started Flettner Aircraft Corporation, which developed helicopters for the U.S. military. In 1949, Flettner employed Kurt Hohenemser as a consultant to the Flettner Aircraft Corporation. Flettner and Kurt Hohenemser, who together developed numerous patents in Germany, kept in close contact after both men emigrated to the United States.

Flettner's company in the U.S. was not commercially successful, but his work was shared with the US Army Air Forces. Throughout his 14 years in the United States, Flettner was active in carrying out research projects for the US Army, US Air Force, and the US Navy.

Flettner became the chief designer of Kaman Aircraft and many of the Flettner design concepts are found in Kaman helicopters of later years.

Today the Flettner rotor is in operation as a supplemental propulsion system for transport and research vessels. There are two ships utilizing the concept of the Flettner rotor in a modified form, the turbosail Acyone developed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau in 1985 and the E-Ship 1, a cargo ship that made its first voyage in 2010. Albert Einstein praised the Flettner Rotor ship as having great practical importance.

Anton Flettner's colleague and former partner, Kurt Hohenemser, worked his remaining years in the United States to prove Flettner's idea that properly designed flexible helicopter-type rotors are more suitable for producing electricity from the wind than rigid airplane-type rotors. An offshore wind energy project announced in February 2017, involving Seawind Ocean Technology B.V., aims to demonstrate the wind energy applications put forth by Anton Flettner, Kurt Hohenemser, and Glidden Doman in harsh wind and sea conditions.

Anton Flettner died at age 76 in New York City on December 29, 1961. Among his many distinctions, Anton Flettner was an honorary member of the American Helicopter Society and the Convertible Aircraft Pioneers. Flettner's birthplace home and tomb are national historic protected monuments in Germany.

Aircraft built by Flettner Flugzeugbau GmbH

 * Flettner Fl 184
 * Flettner Fl 185
 * Flettner Fl 265
 * Flettner Fl 282
 * Flettner Fl 285
 * Flettner Fl 339

title: Anton Flettner


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African Nationalist Movement

African Nationalist Movement (Mouvement Nationaliste Africain) was a political party in French West Africa, led by Pierre Diagne. It was formed after the fall of the Vichy regime.

In 1946, the Mouvement Nationaliste Africain  and the Mouvement Autonomiste Africain (founded by Amadou Bâ earlier that year) formed an alliance with the Parti Socialiste Sénégalais, under the name "Bloc Africain". In September 1947, the Bloc Démocratique Sénégalais was formed, which united three other movements.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: African Nationalist Movement


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Wikipedia:Standardize spellings

I've created my final proposal on the subject, Spelling Standardization Improvement Drive which would serve only to make current policy more efficient. Juppiter 15:05, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

See also Standardize spellings/Archive for an earlier proposal that was rejected by the community.

I understand the practical reason why Wikipedia is neutral wrt British vs American spellings (i.e. getting a large number of chauvinistic people who are divided into two camps to agree is difficult), but it is getting a little out of hand when articles are randomly titled "color" or "honour"; or "palatalization" and "velarization", but "labialisation" and "pharyngealisation" (the latter four are four closely related linguistics topics). There is no guarantee that redirects from the other spelling(s) will necessarily exist, and hence searches may come up wrong, with no possible way for the searcher to know in advance other than guessing. (For example, a search for "rhotacization" brings up the R-colored vowel page; a search for "rhotacisation" comes up empty.)

I am aware that there was a recent, more general, proposal to standardise spelling that was turned down, but I think that the case of article titles is particularly important, since searches are primarily done based on titles. Can we really guarantee that all the proper redirects will be inserted? As I just showed above, there are cases (probably lots) where not all such redirects are present, and I don't see any general attempt to add the necessary redirects every time a new article is created. (Note that with the current "agnostic" policy, such redirects are imperative, whereas with a consistent policy this would not so obviously be the case, as it would be more generally known how to spell titles for proper search.)

ADDED: The problem of duplicate entries under different titles. This is another issue that will come up in the absence of standardisation.

ADDED: The problem of not knowing which spelling to use when creating an article links, which can easily lead to broken links due to incomplete redirects. I ran into this many times w.r.t. to incorrect use of case in article title links, until I figured out the standard. See below.

BTW I doubt that a one-time effort to appropriately change the 600,000 titles would be impossibly difficult.

Note that I am not proposing which spelling to adopt; what matters is consistency. (How many other organisations in the information-production business can you name that encourage, much less tolerate, naming inconsistencies?)

As an alternative, we need to ensure that appropriate redirects go in for every page with potential spelling problems; currently this is not happening. I also hope some effort goes into making the obvious changes to the Wikipedia search engine, so that searches for e.g. "localization" and "localisation" don´t produce radically different results, as they do currently. (BTW I would hope that at least as much effort will go into fixing the redirect and search problems as currently goes into ridiculing people for trying to address the problems created by spelling inconsistency.)

Benwing 03:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * We already have a guideline saying that redirects should be created - but we can't force people to make them (or remember to make them, or even to realise to make them). I recommend that when you see a missing redirect, you create it, jguk 05:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * We either need to adopt standardised spellings or we need to ensure that appropriate other-spelling redirects automatically get created within a certain time (e.g. 6 hours) of the creation of a page with a word with spelling variants. This is my proposal; it is not about "forcing" people to do it, or about asking *me* to fix things as I notice them.  It's a more systemic problem.

 * For comparison: We *do* have standards wrt punctuation (e.g. capitalise only the words of a title that need to be capitalised, rather than use Title Case, like many would naturally do at first), and we *do* have a standard that says "name all articles about a language FOO "FOO language". In both cases, having a standard avoids the numerous problems listed above.  In the case of article capitalisation, the adoption of a standard means that only the most common articles have redirects to handle the use of Title Case; with an inconsistent policy, *every one* would require this, which consequent massive increase in Wikipedia editor effort, esp. given the lack of any automated robot-style tools to do this.

Benwing 10:43, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Here's a similar gotcha. There is a link from "federal offence" to "federal crime" even though this is primarily a US-specific page. However, there is no link from "federal offense" (US spelling) to "federal crime", and Wikipedia search on "federal offense" doesn't find the correct "federal crime" at all; it's not in the top 20, at least. there must be hundreds or thousands of such problems, and they cannot be fixed by a policy of haphazardness. Benwing 11:05, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * We could ask those who patrol "New pages" to look out for such instances and create redirects as appropriate, and you can always look on "what links here" if you think a page should have a redirect to it and add it if it's missing, but I'm not sure what else we can do that's practical and that will be accepted, jguk 12:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

I agree with Jguk, there's no way to enforce standardization of names and no way to ensure all possible redirects will be created, and the best thing to do when you notice a missing redirect is to make it yourself. When I created r-colored vowel I tried to think of all possible variant spellings to redirect from; I did make a redirect from r-coloured vowel, for example, but I forgot rhotacisation. I've just now made a redirect from rhotacisation and rhoticisation to r-colored vowel as well as one from federal offense to federal crime. --Angr/undefined 05:31, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Standardize spellings


text: Category:Schools in Ethiopia

title: Category:Schools in Ethiopia


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Senegalese Solidarity Party

Senegalese Solidarity Party (in French: Parti de la Solidarité Sénégalaise) was a political party in Senegal. PSS was created in January 1959. It was led by Ibrahima Seydou Ndaw, Cheikh Tidiane Sy and Oumar Diop.

PSS was dissolved after the elections same year, in which it failed to make any impact.

title: Senegalese Solidarity Party


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Category:Education in Ethiopia

This category collects all articles about education in Ethiopia. Please use the respective subcategories.

title: Category:Education in Ethiopia


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Consequences (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"Consequences" is episode fifteen of season three of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It was written by Marti Noxon, directed by Michael Gershman, and first broadcast on The WB on February 16, 1999.

Buffy and her fellow Vampire Slayer, Faith, deal with the consequences of Faith's having killed a human, and though the Scooby gang tries to help her, Faith betrays them.

Plot
Buffy dreams that she is being pulled underwater by the corpse of Deputy Mayor Allan Finch; when she manages to reach the surface, Faith pushes her back down. Faith's plan to cover up her accidental killing of the Deputy Mayor fails when Allan's body is recovered from the water. Wesley Wyndam-Pryce orders the Slayers to investigate the death to see if anything supernatural was involved. Privately, Faith asks Buffy not to turn her in, warning Buffy that she could also get implicated. Buffy and Faith sneak into City Hall to try to find out what Allan was doing in the alleyway in the first place. They find that all of his papers have been shredded, and that the Mayor is in league with Mr. Trick.

After much thought and discussion with Willow, Buffy decides to tell Giles what happened, only to discover that Faith has already told him that Buffy was the killer. Giles easily sees through the lie, though he lets Faith think he believes her so the gang can keep closer tabs on her and get her off the slippery slope she is on. Giles tells Buffy that accidental human deaths do occur in the fight against vampires, and that Faith is in denial about the killing. Wesley overhears the conversation and calls the Watcher Council.

While offering to help, Xander reveals to the gang that he slept with Faith. Willow tries to play down her reaction but ends up crying alone in the bathroom. Buffy expresses her worry about Faith and the need to deal with the problem now.

Xander tries to reason with Faith, but she throws him on the bed, teasing she could do anything she wanted to him, and proceeds to strangle him. Angel bursts in and clobbers her with a bat, then tries his own brand of reasoning and seems to be making progress. The Mayor and Trick watch Buffy and Faith's City Hall break-in on CCTV. The Mayor says that the Slayers both have to be taken care of and quickly as there is not enough evidence to put them in jail.

Helped by others with crosses and nets, Wesley attacks Angel and shackles Faith for transport to the Watcher Council in England. She quickly escapes, and plans to hop a boat out of Sunnydale. On his return to the library, a bruised Wesley receives a very hostile reception from the gang. Buffy finds Faith and tries to reason with her but Faith challenges Buffy to join her side instead, eventually inciting Buffy to hit her. Their confrontation is interrupted by several vampires led by Trick. As he is about to bite Buffy, Faith stakes him. Buffy returns to the library, convinced that there is still good in Faith. In the final scene Faith approaches the Mayor and offers to replace Trick as his assistant.

Reception
Vox, rating it at #27 in a list of all 144 episodes, writes, "And sometimes, the bad guys are people who remind you of yourself. “Consequences” is when Faith decides to go dark, and she does it with great style. But before she offers to work for the Mayor, she reminds Buffy of just how easily Buffy could do the same, of how much she enjoys killing, of how much fun she would find it to just slip gently over the edge. “It was good, wasn’t it, the sex and violence?” Faith says, and Buffy slaps her face."

Billie Doux, giving the episode two out of four stakes, writes, "It was like the previous episode was a party, and this episode was the morning after. ... [Faith] beat up Mr. New Watcher Giles Clone Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, but hey, that was a good thing. You can actually see the moment that Faith changed sides (there was even percussion) — it was when Faith said that Buffy killed Finch."

Noel Murray of The A.V. Club said "Consequences" was necessary to progress the story arc, but "doesn't really work as a stand-alone episode".

title: Consequences (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


text:
Talk:Alberto Gerchunoff

Untitled
There are several web pages claiming he died in 1950, not 49. Which is the true date? 213.2.70.50 10:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC) - Sorry, forgot that i wasn't logged in: Eliot Stearns 10:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

No idea —Argentino (talk/cont.) 20:21, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alberto Gerchunoff


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Ventricular hypertrophy

Ventricular hypertrophy (VH) is thickening of the walls of a ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more common, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), as well as concurrent hypertrophy of both ventricles can also occur.

Ventricular hypertrophy can result from a variety of conditions, both adaptive and maladaptive. For example, it occurs in what is regarded as a physiologic, adaptive process in pregnancy in response to increased blood volume; but can also occur as a consequence of ventricular remodeling following a heart attack. Importantly, pathologic and physiologic remodeling engage different cellular pathways in the heart and result in different gross cardiac phenotypes.

Presentation
In individuals with eccentric hypertrophy there may be little or no indication that hypertrophy has occurred as it is generally a healthy response to increased demands on the heart. Conversely, concentric hypertrophy can make itself known in a variety of ways. Most commonly, chest pain, either with or without exertion is present, along with shortness of breath with exertion, general fatigue, syncope, and palpitations. Overt signs of heart failure, such as edema, or shortness of breath without exertion are uncommon.

Physiology

The ventricles are the chambers in the heart responsible for pumping blood either to the lungs (right ventricle) or to the rest of the body (left ventricle). Ventricular hypertrophy may be divided into two categories: concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy. These adaptations are related to how the cardiomyocyte contractile units, called sarcomeres, respond to stressors such as exercise or pathology. Concentric hypertrophy is a result of pressure overload on the heart, resulting in parallel sarcomerogenesis (addition of sarcomere units parallel to existing units). Eccentric hypertrophy is related to volume overload and leads to the addition of sarcomeres in series.

Concentric hypertrophy results from various stressors to the heart including hypertension, congenital heart defects (such as Tetralogy of Fallot), valvular defects (aortic coarction or stenosis), and primary defects of the myocardium which directly cause hypertrophy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). The underlying commonality in these disease states is an increase in pressures that the ventricles experience. For example, in tetralogy of Fallot, the right ventricle is exposed to the high pressures of the left heart due to a defect in the septum; as a result the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy to compensate for these increased pressures. Similarly, in systemic hypertension, the left ventricle must work harder to overcome the higher pressures of the vascular system and responds by thickening to deal with increased wall stress.

Concentric hypertrophy is characterized by an addition of sarcomeres (the contractile units of cardiac cells) in parallel. The result is an increase in thickness of the myocardium without a corresponding increase in ventricular size. This is maladaptive largely because there is not a corresponding proliferation of the vasculature supplying the myocardium, resulting in ischemic areas of the heart. Ultimately, this response can be compensatory for a duration, and allow for improved cardiac function in the face of stressors. However, this type of hypertrophy can result in a dilated ventricle which is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to heart failure. When stressors that encourage this concentric hypertrophy are reduced or eliminated (either surgically corrected in the case of cardiac defects, or hypertension is reduced from diet and exercise) it is possible for the heart to undergo 'reverse remodeling', returning to a somewhat more 'normal' state instead of progressing to a dilated, pathologic phenotype. This reversion may even go beyond muscle mass, and repair abnormalities in cardiac connective tissue.

Eccentric hypertrophy is generally regarded as healthy, or physiologic hypertrophy and is often termed "athlete's heart." It is the normal response to healthy exercise or pregnancy, which results in an increase in the heart's muscle mass and pumping ability. It is a response to 'volume-overload', either as a result of increased blood return to the heart during exercise, or a response to an actual increase in absolute blood volume as in pregnancy. This increase in pumping ability is the result of the addition of sarcomeres in series, which enables the heart to contract with greater force. This is explained by the Frank Starling mechanism, which describes the sarcomere's ability to contract with greater force as more of the elements of its contractile units become engaged. This response can be dramatic; in trained athletes have hearts that have left ventricular mass up to 60% greater than untrained subjects. Rowers, cyclists, and cross-country skiers tend to have the largest hearts, with an average left ventricular wall thickness of 1.3 centimeters, compared to 1.1 centimeters in average adults. Though eccentric hypertrophy is termed 'athlete's heart' it is typically only found in individuals who are aerobically conditioned. For example, weight lifters tend to undergo remodeling which more closely resembles concentric hypertrophy, as the heart does not experience a volume-overload, but instead responds to transient pressure overload as a consequence of increased vascular resistance from pressures exerted on arteries by sustained muscular contraction.

Though it is the case that eccentric hypertrophy is largely considered to be a healthy response to increased cardiac demand, it is also associated with risks. For example, in athletes with significantly increased left ventricular weight there is also a corresponding increased risk for conduction abnormalities and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, in pregnant individuals, a subpopulation progress to peripartum cardiomyopathy, characterized by a dilation of the left ventricle and a corresponding deficit in heart function. There are suggestions that this progression is partially determined by underlying metabolic derangement (diabetes) and hypertension which may result in a more maladaptive cardiac response to pregnancy. As such, though it is convenient to consider clear cut distinctions between pathologic and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy, there may be a broader range of phenotypes than may be accounted for by gross cardiac phenotypes alone.

The development of pathologic states in LVH is complex. Electrical abnormalities are commonly found in individuals with LVH, both ventricular and super-ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, cytoarchitecture and the extracellular environment of the myocardium are altered, specifically genes typically expressed in the fetal heart are induced, as are collagen and other fibrotic proteins. LVH may interfere with heart functionality in a number of ways. Before progression to a dilated phenotype, mechanical obstruction of the outflow tract can occur, leading to reduced cardiac output. Additionally, increased fibrosis of the ventricle can result in a failure to relax appropriately which impairs cardiac filling and may lead to diastolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Research
Androgens, especially dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are active in the ventricle and promote hypertrophy. Researchers are investigating the potential for finasteride—a drug that inhibits the synthesis of DHT—to reduce hypertrophy.

Mechanics of cardiac growth
As described in the previous section, it is believed that the eccentric hypertrophy is induced by volume-overload and that the concentric hypertrophy is induced by pressure-overload. Biomechanical approaches have been adopted to investigate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy for these two different types.

In the framework of continuum mechanics, the volumetric growth is often modeled using a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient $$\mathbf{F}$$ into an elastic part $$\mathbf{F}^e$$ and a growth part $$\mathbf{F}^g$$, where $$\mathbf{F} = \mathbf{F}^e\mathbf{F}^g$$. For the generic orthotropic growth, the growth tensor can be represented as

$$\mathbf{F}^g = \vartheta^f \mathbf{f}_0\otimes\mathbf{f}_0+\vartheta^s \mathbf{s}_0\otimes\mathbf{s}_0+\vartheta^n \mathbf{n}_0\otimes\mathbf{n}_0$$,

where $$\mathbf{f}_0, \mathbf{s}_0$$ and $$\mathbf{n}_0$$ are normally the orthonormal vectors of the microstructure, and $$\mathbf{\vartheta} = [\vartheta^f,\vartheta^s,\vartheta^n]$$ is often referred as growth multipliers, which regulates the growth according to certain growth laws.

In eccentric growth, cardiomyocyte lengthens in the direction of the cell's long axis, $$\mathbf{f}_0$$. Therefore, the eccentric growth tensor can be expressed as

$$\mathbf{F}^g = \mathbf{I} + [\vartheta^{\parallel}-1]\mathbf{f}_0\otimes\mathbf{f}_0$$,

where $$\mathbf{I}$$ is the identity tensor.

The concentric growth, on the other hand, induces parallel deposition of the sarcomeres. The growth of cardiomyocyte is in the transverse direction, and thus the concentric growth tensor is expressed as:

$$\mathbf{F}^g = \mathbf{I} + [\vartheta^{\perp}-1]\mathbf{s}_0\otimes\mathbf{s}_0$$,

where $$\mathbf{s}_0$$ is the vector perpendicular to tangent plane of the cardiac wall.

There are different hypothesis on the growth laws governing the growth multipliers $$\vartheta^{\parallel}$$ and $$\vartheta^{\perp}$$. Motivated by the observation that eccentric growth is induced by volume-overload, strain-driven growth laws are applied to the $$\vartheta^{\parallel}$$. For the concentric growth, which is induced by pressure-overload, both stress-driven and strain-driven growth laws have been investigated and tested using computational finite element method. The biomechanical model based on continuum theories of growth can be used to predict the progression of the disease, and therefore can potentially help developing treatments to pathological hypertrophy.

Quantification
Hypertrophy of the ventricle can be measured with a number of techniques.

Electrocardiogram (EKG), a non-invasive assessment of the electrical system of the heart, can be useful in determining the degree of hypertrophy, as well as subsequent dysfunction it may precipitate. Specifically, an increase in Q wave size, abnormalities in the P wave, as well as giant inverted T waves, are indicative of significant concentric hypertrophy. Specific changes in repolarization and depolarization events are indicative of different underlying causes of hypertrophy and can assist in the appropriate management of the condition. Changes are common in both eccentric and concentric hypertrophy, though are substantially different from one another. In either condition fewer than 10% of patients with significant hypertrophy display a normal EKG.

Transthoracic echocardiography, a similarly non-invasive assessment of cardiac morphology, is also important in determining both the degree of hypertrophy, underlying pathologies (such as aortic coarction), and degree of cardiac dysfunction. Important considerations in echocardiography of the hypertrophied heart include lateral and septal wall thickness, degree of outflow tract obstruction, and systolic anterior wall motion (SAM) of the mitral valve, which can exacerbate outflow obstruction.

It is not uncommon to undergo cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which measures the heart's response to exercise, to assess the functional impairment caused by hypertrophy, and to prognosticate outcomes.

In other animals
In most situations, described above, the increase in ventricular wall thickness is a slow process. However, in some instances hypertrophy may be "dramatic and rapid." In the Burmese python, consumption of a large meal is associated with an increase in metabolic work by a factor of seven and a 40% increase in ventricular mass within 48 hours, both of which return to normal within 28 days.

title: Ventricular hypertrophy


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Talk:Consequences (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
Please help complete the Angel/Buffy episode articles. See what needs to be done on this sub-page of WikiProject Buffy:

WikiProject Buffy/Episodes

Also please help update any major changes made to episode articles on that page so that progress can be mapped.

________________________________________________________

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy315.jpg
Image:Buffy315.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:06, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Was Angel invited to Faith's room when he entered and hit her with a bat?
I don't recall Angel ever being invited in on screen, but I am hesitant to include it as it is hard to verify a negative. Anomalistic (talk) 03:11, 5 July 2020 (UTC)


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Talk:United States Army Military Government in Korea

Broken reference and POV
Huaiwei added some text to the Key events section. It contains a broken reference,. Most likely, it was copied from some other Wikipedia article. Until the reference can be fixed, I've added cn and commmented out the tag.

There are also NPOV issues, and I've tagged the section. Text like "The US administration responded by declaring martial law, firing into crowds of demonstrators and killing an unknown number of people" shows an anti-occupation POV. For instance, "unknown" implies a large number, but we don't know that, because no estimates are given. Also, the source given may not be reliable. Superm401 - Talk 04:36, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

More history
The history section (key events) is lacking. Besides the issues mentioned above, the article doesn't really explain how the occupation ended. Some info about this is at Division_of_Korea. Superm401 - Talk 07:27, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Deleting Culture Section
Freedom of the press? First flowering of Korean literature? Where are the sources for this information?

I don't have time to edit this section right now, so I'm deleting it. I'll try to get around to editing it later, but if someone wants to check out an English-language source on censorship and press controls under USAMGIK, these are detailed in Cuming's Origins of the Korean War. Also there are plenty of English-language sources out there that detail colonial-era literature, especially Yi Kwang-su's Mujǒng. Offhand I know Kyeong-hee Choi has done English-language work on Pak Wansǒ's "Mother's Stake 1" that's available in Colonial Modernity in Korea (ed. Shin, Robinson), a text that's relatively easy to find.

140.247.45.43 (talk) 07:22, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

Military Governor?
John R. Hodge is not listed as the military governor here, but he is called that on his own page and on William F. Dean's page. If Hodge was not military govenor, what was his official title?--Jack Upland (talk) 01:59, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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Events of 1946
I have amended the paragraph concerning events in 1946, which didn't seem to be based fully on the one reference, and I've added two more references and some links. The previous version seemed rather garbled and I've attempted a more objective version based on the available sources. It also seemed important to link to other significant events of that year (such as the General Strike and Autumn Uprising).BobBadg (talk) 20:52, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Preceded by
Hey, I just removed from the infobox that the USAMGIK was preceded by the Korean Provisional Government.

In my own opinion (I think there's plenty of good arguments on other side), it seems a stretch to call the USAMGIK the successor to the KPG, especially when the US explicitly refused to recognize them and the KPG explicitly agreed in writing to enter as civilians.

It is true that the KPG was, decades later, constitutionally inscribed by the South Korean government as the predecessor to the modern SK government. But I think it'd make more sense to have the KPG and USAMGIK be separate predecessors to the SK government, and not have the KPG listed as preceeeding the USAMGIK. toobigtokale (talk) 20:58, 27 May 2023 (UTC)


text:
User talk:GreyCat

Welcome!

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Thanks for adding the IPA notice to Flapping and General American, but according to Template talk:IPA notice it's not really considered necessary anymore. --Angr/undefined 10:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Effects units merge
How is it going with the merge, in december(!) you said youd go ahead with it, yet its not in your TODO list... Martijn Hoekstra 18:54, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops. I guess I just forgot about it already... I'll put it in TODO soon and would try to start things rolling soon... GreyCat 06:03, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

hey GreyCat
I've noticed your username at Guitar and I've checked your contribs a little bit... I think we can help each other to improve Guitar, what do you think? +MATIA ☎ 13:06, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

fretless
as you can read in, until 1976 when Erkan Ogur did it, classical guitar (spanish guitar let's say) wasn't modified to be fretless. Many mainly acoustic and base guitars, also electro guitars, were unfretted by that time for sure. But not the classical guitar, until 1976. You can see that in the above link although it is not specifically defined there which is the type of guitar Erkan Ogur modified. But until we reach a consensus, I have deleted those entries you pointed as not peoperly argued.

String gauges
Your table of gauges in the Strings (music) article is missing a bunch of values. Could you fill these in? I don't have access to this information.

By the way, where did you get this information? Just curious.

One more question: you say that string gauges are "traditionally" measured in thousandths of an inch. I know this is true here (the U.S.), but is it also true in the UK and other British-speaking places? --ILike2BeAnonymous 01:25, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Superstrat
Sorry about that. I'd been meaning to put in a 'Disadvantages' column, but it seems to have slipped my mind. I restored the original column and added the new one; you might want to take a look. Cheers! Deltabeignet 22:03, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

'Suicides 'Category
Hello,

 * I noticed that you deleted the general Category of 'Suicides' from the Peyo Yavorov Article.

 * If a researcher is collecting data on 'suicide', it is my understanding that the general Category of 'Suicides' is there if they want a list of all persons who have committed suicide. The subcategories by occupation are for those researchers who want only persons of that occupation who committed suicide.

Regards,

Michael David 00:15, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I do understand how a large, general category such as 'Suicides' could become unmanageable (it would be somewhat like having the Category, 'People'). I'm still learning some of the basic mechanics of Wikipedia, and I got a tip from another Community Member: to access the 'List of Suicides' option. I will add the Main Category 'Suicides' only when the specific person does not fit into an existing occuptional subcategory.

 * Be healthy,

 * Michael David 16:19, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

I've gotten input from some others on the Suicides Talk Page. Take a look if you already haven't. I would like to add 'Drug-related suicides' as a Subcategory of 'Suicides'. Perhaps we can start to make the 'Suicides' Category more manageable, accessible and user friendly. I look forward to working with you on this.

Be healthy,

 * Michael David 00:41, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Firearm suicides
Hello,

 * I like to idea of a subcategory 'Firearm suicides'. Another area to consider is 'Drug-related deaths'. Perhaps this could be divided into 'Drug-related suicides' and 'Accidental Drug-related deaths'.

 * I have to be careful here. I could easily become obsessed with creating lists and categories. After all, if you have glanced at my User Page, my work is in psychotherapy; which is, after all, trying to bring order to chaos.

 * Be healthy,

 * Michael David 18:46, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Yukata Taniyama
I reverted your edit in Yukata Taniyama because he is not a scientist - he is not a mathematician. I don't think you could make an argument relating his work to science because his work was in a branch in number theory with no application in cryptography or computer science. Mathematics has applications in science but it is not a science - any mathematician will emphatically make that distinction. Anyway, just an explanation. DrIdiot 22:09, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

That's cool, I didn't know that. Anyway, thanks. DrIdiot 19:48, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Sound synthesis types
Hi!

I think you added the {Sound synthesis types} category to Phase distortion synthesis, right?

Thats just fine :)

What I wonder is, where is the definition of that category? It includes synthesis types that do not have corresponding articles, no commercial implementations and hardly even a mention on the entire interweb ...

I would like to "fix" that, but unfortunately my searching abilities only leads to other articles including the category/template ... Do You have any ideas where to look?

MX44 07:58, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

(Ahrgh ... Never mind! I found it.)

Ibanez Universe photo
Hey there, I'm creating an article about Ibanez JEM right now. My question is, where did you get a permission to upload the image, as I really want to upload the image of the JEM. Thanks - Imoeng 11:10, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * In fact, there's already an uploaded image of JEM in wikipedia: Image:JEM7VWH.jpg. As infoboxes around this pictures cite, these are taken without explicit permission from product promotional images published on Ibanez's site. In absence of free alternative, it's better than nothing, though you can't put this stuff in wiki commons :( --GreyCat 11:21, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject
Hey again, thanks for fixing the Ibanez JEM article.. So I see you like music and guitar as well as I do. Why don't we get together and make a WikiProject for guitars and other instuments? If you have time, please see [this] and tell me what you think. Thanks -- Imoeng 11:19, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It's already Portal:Guitar and WikiProject Guitarists and even some kind of empty page WikiProject Guitar out there, but it's all kind of stagnant, with no real plans, clear targets, progress, etc. I'm digging on and taking care of most Category:Guitar articles since my coming to Wikipedia, but, sadly, it's a huge amount of work and barely anything can organize things well. May be we could establish a clear plan in Portal:Guitar and gather more than 2 of us there, so that the thing won't come to be another ambitious, but stagnant project? --GreyCat 12:50, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Its just a plan for the project, its not a WikiProject yet, that is why it is so simple, as Wikipedia has suggested. You are in WikiProject Guitarist aren't you? Aguerriero has said we can combine the guitar specifications project and the guitarist project, (see the talk page). Imoeng 01:29, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Sample uuencode table license
Hi there. I noticed this beautifully illustrative table you added to the uuencode article:

This evidently involved a fair amount of effort. I have a page on another wiki which discusses an implementation of uuencode which this table would be very useful in illustrating, but the license on this wiki does not permit GFDL material. Could I persuade you to release your table under either the MIT license or public domain, and to similarly release your license statement for posting there? Thanks. Deco 02:51, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure, no problem. Shall I write something somewhere or just writing here that this table is explicitly released in public domain will do? --GreyCat 06:43, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * That's good, thanks a lot. :-) Deco 06:44, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Articles you might like to edit, from SuggestBot
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#!/bin/cat Shebang Quine "Illegal?"
FYI - There's some discussion on the Talk for Shebang (Unix) on the comment (apparently yours) that a quine is "illegal". The posters "didn't know how to get your attention" on this. Any comments to help out the confusion? (Please reply at Talk for Shebang (Unix), not my personal UserTalk. Thanks.) -- Writtenonsand 15:07, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe that it was User:Jleedev who added that line: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shebang_%28Unix%29&diff=61690762&oldid=61170953 --GreyCat 11:04, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

wikEd

Hi, I have seen that you are using the Cacycle editor extension. This program is no longer actively maintained in favor of its much more powerful successor wikEd.

wikEd has all the functionality of the old editor plus:• syntax highlighting • nifty image buttons • morefixing buttons • paste formatted text from Word or web pages• convert the formatted text into wikicode • adjustthe font size • and much, much more.

Switching to wikEd is easy, check the detailed installation description on its project homepage. Usually it is as simple as changing every occurrence of editor.js into wikEd.js on your User:YourUsername/monobook.js page.

Cacycle 21:33, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Guitar pick
For my rationale, see WP:OR, Verifiability, and WP:NOT. Does it really matter, in the grand scheme of article creation, that pick choice is personal preference? Deltabeignet 00:13, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Possible WP:COI issues
Hello, with regard to your last edit at Talk:Prepared guitar, are u maybe suggesting that we have to investigate some conflict of interest issues? see WP:COI. Cheers. :) --Dr. Who 22:31, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, maybe, but I don't think we should rush and delete it all at once. It has a potentially is useful, but not in that many articles. --GreyCat 07:30, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, despite likely WP:COI issues, the articles seem fair enough to me, and the involved editors are not engaging any bad behaviour. :) I agree with the merge. Dr. Who 10:30, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Please add a vote for merge on Talk:Prepared guitar? --GreyCat 10:44, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok. Furthermore, if you think that this discussion has to be moved at that article's talk page, feel free to do so.--Dr. Who 10:50, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hey, I reworked and wikified a bit that talk page.Dr. Who 12:49, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Loudspeaker peer review request
I've requested the article Loudspeaker to have peer review. I noticed it was pretty good and might deserve a GA status. If you can take a look at it too and help evaluate and improve it's quality, that would be great. The peer review tag can be found on the article's talk page. --Davidkazuhiro 10:26, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Category:SQL Statements Cfr
I've requested a rename on the SQL Statements category. It seems to have expanded to include other SQL keywords which are not SQL Statements per the ISO/IEC 9075-n:2003 standards. Several of the keywords represented are SQL clauses (ORDER BY, WHERE, etc.) and other non-statement keywords like NULL. I expect the list will eventually be expanded to include SQL expressions like CASE and possibly SQL standard functions like AVG, SUM, and COALESCE. I propose changing the name to SQL Keywords to more accurately reflect the content of the category. The entry on the discussion page is at Categories for discussion:SQL statements. Thanks. SqlPac 03:05, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

GreyCat, thank you...
For helping out with the single coil pickup article. I like the new images too. It is much a appreciated.

WikiProject Synthesizer
Hi. You expressed interest in the Synthesizer WikiProject in the past. I've created a project page for this project. You're welcome to come by and join if you are still interested. --Mperry 18:28, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Sound Synthesis Theory
A new wikibook at [] has been started. It may interest you to edit / help out! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.153.219.246 (talk) 21:05, August 27, 2007 (UTC)

Spaces in headers
Thanks for the note. Really doesn't matter much either way. Rich Farmbrough, 21:24 15 September 2007 (GMT).
 * Even within an article. Rich Farmbrough, 21:35 15 September 2007 (GMT).

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Ibanez UV777P BK.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ibanez UV777P BK.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Replaceable fair use Image:Roland_GK-3.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Roland_GK-3.jpg. I noticed the description page specifies that the media is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed media could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this media is not replaceable, please:

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If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of description pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that even if you follow steps 1 and 2 above, fair use media which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 2 days after this notification (7 days if not used in an article), per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. – Quadell (talk) (random) 14:53, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

EF lens charts
Hi, I thought you might be interested in this discussion. thegreen J     Are you green?  21:50, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

Fingerboard
Hi Alan! I left a rationale for the deletion on the page. I am routinely removing external links, so I do not leave a long rationale for each. Please see the discussion there. Just adding inline references should do the trick.--Legionarius (talk) 18:18, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Re: Bjorn Turoque
Sounds good! I didn't look to see if it had previously been its own article. I moved it to its own page when I saw it was in WP:RA. Kevinebaugh (talk) 17:38, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Agworldchamps.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Agworldchamps.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Measuring pick thickness with calipers
Man, don't just revert, try and talk about things first...

I had put an entry on Guitar Pick talk page a week ago, but you seem to have overlooked it. Your picture is nice to illustrade the way calipers work, but the do not serve any real function regarding picks. Do you want to show that a 2mm pick is exactly 2mm thick? What a surprise! Seriously, the picture does not help the article. Also, it is far from perfect in that it shows someone measuring that pick just somewhere and not at its thickest point. What's the deal with that? Iago4096 14:12, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Re: Free software hardware testing platform
Never heard of it. Don't know anything about it. Feel free to create an article about if, if you feel it is notable. -- Frap (talk) 23:19, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Irond logo.gif)
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You seem to have a history of similar redundant or copyright violation images. Do cease this harmful activity. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.93.241.207 (talk) 01:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Blog Links
I do know about the "no follow." I posted those links as references. If you feel that they should be removed, remove them all - doesn't bother me.sarindam7 (talk) 23:52, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

I do know about the "NOW FOLLOW." I added those links to a few articles that had no citations. I know quite a lot about this subject and the links that I posted were "reference material - better than nothing." If you believe it violates some rule, go ahead ad remove them all. I've seen dozens of "free tutorial" links all over here and they're still there and that was why I posted it, not for the search engines. Presumptions are not good. Do me a favor, remove them all for me will you?sarindam7 (talk) 00:02, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

Deletion of Djay (software)
Hi, I noticed your proposal to delete Djay (software). I am one of the contributors to the article, and while I agree that the article is not well-written, I still think of the software as notable and I wanted to see if you had any comments on how to establish its notability. I first read about the software in this Digg front-page article and I have since seen a number of reviews, e.g. by Macworld, MacUser, Skratchworx and iDJ Magazine. I read the Wikipedia articles on notability, but I'm still not quite sure on how to go about establishing notability. Although I don't have much experience in writing articles, I will also try to rephrase the article to be less of an advertisement. Thanks for your help! -- TripleF (talk) 03:18, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

OK I have rewritten the article to address some of the deletion arguments. -- TripleF (talk) 05:10, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

FuturixImager
You didn't do the AFD process properly; since this already had an AFD, you have to add (2nd nomination). All you did was relist an AFD from 2007. I'll fix this for you. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 12:27, 22 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I couldn't find any info on how to do it properly. Is it documented somewhere? --GreyCat (talk) 12:53, 22 August 2009 (UTC)
 * You can find it at Articles for deletion. Joe Chill (talk) 14:10, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

Categories for discussion nomination of Category:Samplers
Category:Samplers, which you created, has been nominated for discussion. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 05:47, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

Categories for discussion nomination of Category:Guitar-related websites
Category:Guitar-related websites, which you created, has been nominated for discussion. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Mike Selinker (talk) 16:51, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

SUL request confirmation
Confirmation of SUL request to Lithuanian Wikipedia --GreyCat (talk) 05:50, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

October 2013
Hello, I'm BracketBot. I have automatically detected that [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=577108386 your edit] to Archery at the 1980 Summer Olympics may have broken the syntax by modifying 2 "[]"s. If you have, don't worry: just [ edit the page] again to fix it. If I misunderstood what happened, or if you have any questions, you can leave a message on [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:A930913/BBpreload&editintro=User:A930913/BBeditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:A930913&preloadtitle=BracketBot%20-%20&section=new my operator's talk page].
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 * Poikolainen (Finland), Giancarlo Ferrari (Italy) on the victory podium.jpg|thumb|Men's medalists]]

Nomination for deletion of Template:Infobox record label
Template:Infobox record label has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. eh bien mon prince (talk) 12:41, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

Category:Former Metal Blade Records artists
Category:Former Metal Blade Records artists, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. —Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 05:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Question about re-using a file
Hello, GreyCat. I have made a modified version of that shows the coverage of various partial capos. Since you likely know much more about Commons than I do, how would I go about uploading it? Eman 235 / talk 00:22, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Basically, it's straightforward: you go to commons:Special:UploadWizard and follow the steps proposed there. When asked for licensing, you reference the original file like you did here and describe it as a derivative work. Feel free to contact me if you'll need any help or encounter any obstacles. --GreyCat (talk) 06:28, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, here it is -- tell me what you think, and if I've done anything wrong. Eman 235 / talk  13:26, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Looks good to me :) Three fairly minor notes:
 * please specify yourself in "Author: " fields — as it's your creation, not mine;
 * please drop in a link to original file (i.e. commons:File:Fretboard inlays.svg) somewhere, for example, in the description, something like "(based on File:Fretboard inlays.svg)"
 * maybe you could opt to use more contrast — probably white capos on dark brown fretboard would look better than black capos on dark brown. --GreyCat (talk) 13:48, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Did the first two. I was already thinking of altering the file, since the text looks a bit small (see here for an example). I'll get to it soon. Eman 235 / talk  13:54, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I've took a closer look at the topic and I might a few other suggestions. I don't see much point in using fretboard inlays scheme file here, as fretboard inlays file illustrates absolute positions which are important for determining locations on fretboard, but for illustrating partial capos you don't really need neither absolute nor relative positions on the fretboard. Basically, the only thing you need is a diagram of one individual fret, not the whole fretboard — that's extra information and it might be confusing (for example, an ignorant beginner might think that "Woody's G-Band" can be only applied on frets 1 and 2, "Woody's G-Band Mk II" can be used on frets 3 and 4, etc). Given that you need just 1 fret for illustration, you don't have to arrange them all vertically, you can arrange them in 2 or 3 columns for readability, or it might look even better in individual files, represented in wiki formatting. That automatically might some text readability problem too. --GreyCat (talk) 09:00, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Good point. The "capos up the neck" diagram really doesn't make all that much sense when I think about it, considering the six-string capo covering everything else at the twelfth fret. I will be back, with new, improved capo diagrams.  Eman 235 / talk  13:49, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Given that it's a diagram, I'd rather stick to standard chord-like diagrams like [[Image:Accord guitare diagramme la mineur.svg]] — just make sure that they're in SVG. I've took a chance to browse through all the guitar chord diagrams in commons::Category:Guitar chords — it's such a mess :( I'm almost feeling tempted to write a quick script that will generate pure chord SVG images by request... Do you think that would be a good idea — something simple like a single HTML + JavaScript page that will generate chord images? --GreyCat (talk) 16:20, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
 * That would be great, though I'm not sure what sort of "page" you're talking about. Eman 235 / talk  16:28, 16 December 2015 (UTC)

Nomination for merging of Template:Infobox record label
Template:Infobox record label has been nominated for merging with Template:Infobox brand. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. PPEMES (talk) 21:31, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

Category:Seppuku has been nominated for renaming
Category:Seppuku has been nominated for renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. Clarityfiend (talk) 05:37, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Les Trophées du Libre for deletion
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Wikimedia Sound Logo project
VGrigas (WMF) (talk) 17:29, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:GreyCat


text:
Carleton Rode

Carleton Rode is a village and civil parish in Norfolk, England. It is situated approximately five miles south-east of Attleborough. In the 2011 Census, Carleton Rode was recorded as having a population of 785 people in 324 households.

History
Carleton Rode's name is of Anglo-Saxon and Viking origin and derives from an amalgamation of the Old English and Old Norse for a settlement of free peasants belonging to the de Rode family.

In the Domesday Book, Carleton Rode was recorded as a settlement of 43 households in the hundred of Depwade. The land of the village was divided in ownership between King William, Alan of Brittany, William de Warenne, Roger Bigod and Eudo, son of Spirewic.

Carleton Rode was the site of a semaphore telegraph station which connected the Admiralty in London to the fleet in Great Yarmouth.

Amenities
Carleton Rode Primary School claims to be the oldest non-fee paying in Norfolk and received a 'Good' rating from Ofsted in 2021.

Sport
The GP2 Series racing team, iSport International has its factory and headquarters in Carleton Rode.

War memorial
Carleton Rode's war memorial is located in ..... Churchyard and lists the following names for the First World War:
 * Second-Lieutenant Hugh R. Cholmeley (1891–1915), 42nd Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
 * Sergeant Ernest E. Bennington (1886–1916), 7th Battalion, Border Regiment
 * Corporal Ernest Calton (1897–1918), 9th Battalion, Essex Regiment
 * Gunner Ernest C. Colman (1890–1916), 6th (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
 * Gunner Oswald H. Balls (1891–1917), 94th (Siege) Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
 * Private Wilfred Breeze (d.1918), Bedfordshire Regiment
 * Private James W. Baker (1891–1917), 43rd (Cameron Highlanders) Battalion, Canadian Army
 * Private Fred Burt (d.1916), 2nd Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Private Bertie Barber (1892–1916), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Private James Brown (d.1916), 9th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Private Leonard H. Foster (d.1916), 9th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
 * Private Wesley H. W. G. Chilvers (1898–1918), 7th Battalion, Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
 * Reverend Hatfield A. W. Back (1891–1917), HMS Vanguard

title: Carleton Rode


text:
User:Wames

Hi! My name is Janusz, I'm from Poland.

pl:Wikipedysta:Wames

title: User:Wames


text:
Bantam Books

Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann, which in 1986 purchased what had grown to become the Bantam Doubleday Dell publishing group. Bertelsmann purchased Random House in 1998, and in 1999 merged the Bantam and Dell imprints (amongst other mergers within the sprawling publishing house) to become the Bantam Dell publishing imprint. In 2010, the Bantam Dell division was consolidated with Ballantine Books (founded in 1952 by Bantam co-founders Ian and Betty Ballantine) to form the Ballantine Bantam Dell group within Random House. By no later than February 2015, Bantam Books had re-emerged as a stand-alone imprint within Random House; as of 2023, it continues to publish as the Bantam imprint, again grouped in a renamed Ballantine division within Random House.

Bantam began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions.

History
The company was failing when Oscar Dystel, who had previously worked at Esquire and as editor on Coronet magazine was hired in 1954 to manage it. By the end of the next year the company was profitable. Dystel retired as chairman in 1980. By that time Bantam was the largest publisher of paperbacks, had over 15% of the market, and exceeded US$100 million in sales.

The company was involved in an important Supreme Court case, Bantam Books, Inc. v. Sullivan in 1963. Bantam Books was prevented from distributing some of its publications in Rhode Island by a state commission called the Rhode Island Commission to Encourage Morality in Youth. The commission, headed by the Rhode Island Attorney General, would essentially blacklist books and magazines it deemed "objectionable" for sale, threatening distributors with publicity and reputational harm. Bantam Books sued, arguing this commission violated freedom of press protections and amounted to illegal censorship without due process. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Bantam Books, deciding that the commission's blacklisting practice constituted an unlawful prior restraint on free expression in violation of the First Amendment. The Court held that any system of prior censorship on publications "strikes at the very foundation of freedom of expression" and cannot be enforced unless regulated by precise rules with procedural safeguards. This was an influential decision reinforcing First Amendment protections against government censorship of published materials.

In 1964, Grosset & Dunlap acquired full ownership of Bantam from Curtis. In 1968, Grosset & Dunlap was acquired by conglomerate National General, run by Gene Klein. National General was acquired by American Financial Group in 1973. American Financial sold Bantam to the Italian firm IFI in 1974. Bertelsmann acquired half of Bantam in 1977 and assumed full ownership in 1980. IN 1986, Bantam began publishing audiobooks. In 1986, Bertelsmann acquired Doubleday & Company and created the holding Bantam Doubleday Dell. In 1998, Bertelsmann acquired Random House from Advance Publications; Random House became the name of the overall holding company of the various publishing imprints. In 1999, Bertelsmann merged some of the many publishing units it held in Random House, including a merger of Bantam with Dell Publishing, forming the Bantam Dell publishing imprint. Bantam Dell became part of the Random House publishing group in 2008. Ballantine Books was merged with Bantam Dell in 2010. In 2013, Random House merged with Penguin to form Penguin Random House.

Books published
Bantam has published the entire original run of the "Choose Your Own Adventure" series of children's books, as well as the first original novels based upon the Star Trek franchise, publishing about a dozen such books between 1970 and 1982, when the license was taken over by Pocket Books. Bantam also published a dozen volumes of short story adaptations of scripts from Star Trek: The Original Series. Bantam was the former American paperback publisher of The Guinness Book of Records. Another series was "Bantam War Book" from the 1970s to the 1990s, with the majority of books from World War II, but also from Vietnam, Korea and other conflicts.

Other series include Bantam Classics, the Bantam Spectra science fiction imprint, the juvenile Skylark imprint, the Bantam Air & Space imprint, and editions of Shakespeare.

Bantam Classics
The series was started in 1958. It reprints mostly public domain, unabridged classic books, intended to increase backlist sales and reintroduce the works to new audiences. More than a hundred books have been released in the series.

Like competing editions, some Bantam Classics are printed with an introduction from a literary critic, and in the case of Moby Dick, with a selection of critical essays on the novel appended as well.

Authors
Authors originally published exclusively or significantly by Bantam include:

 * Maya Angelou
 * Isaac Asimov
 * Jean Auel
 * Louis L'Amour
 * Ray Bradbury
 * Ernest Callenbach
 * Alan Campbell
 * Philip K. Dick
 * S. S. Van Dine
 * James Dobson
 * Stephen R. Donaldson

 * Ian Fleming
 * Frederick Forsyth
 * Lisa Gardner
 * Richard Dawkins
 * David Gemmell
 * Elizabeth George
 * William Gibson
 * John Glenn
 * Daniel Goleman
 * Graham Greene
 * John Grisham
 * Laurell K. Hamilton

 * Thomas Harris
 * Stephen Hawking
 * Mo Hayder
 * Hermann Hesse
 * Tracy Hickman
 * Tami Hoag
 * Robin Hobb
 * Kay Hooper
 * Iris Johansen
 * Shmuel Katz

 * Dean Koontz
 * Emilie Loring
 * Lois Lowry
 * Robert Ludlum
 * Duncan Lunan
 * William March
 * Shirley MacLaine
 * George R. R. Martin
 * Malachi Martin
 * Anne McCaffrey
 * Andy McDermott

 * Terence McKenna
 * Farley Mowat
 * Joseph Murphy
 * Michael Palmer
 * Robert M. Pirsig
 * Daniel Quinn
 * Tom Robbins
 * Jane Roberts
 * Alan Rodgers
 * J.D. Salinger
 * Alice Schroeder

 * H. Norman Schwarzkopf
 * Jerry Seinfeld
 * Adam Smith
 * Lori Nelson Spielman
 * John Steinbeck
 * Danielle Steel
 * Neal Stephenson
 * Bruce Sterling
 * Rex Stout
 * William Tenn
 * Margaret Weis
 * Elie Wiesel
 * Victor Villasenor

Books originally published by Bantam
• Occult America, Mitch Horowitz

• The Female Man, Joanna Russ

• Spock Must Die!, James Blish

• Ishmael, Daniel Quinn

• The Gap Cycle, Stephen R. Donaldson

• The Saddle Club series

• Time Machine series

• Out on a Limb, Shirley MacLaine

• Blackmark

• Skinny Legs and All

• Jitterbug Perfume

• Still Life with Woodpecker

• The Further Adventures of The Joker

• Who Is Guru Maharaj Ji?

• Interstellar Pig

• Talking Straight

• A Brief History of Time

• Flags of Our Fathers

• The Wolf of Wall Street

• Halloween by Curtis Richards (pseudonym used by author Dennis Etchison)

• Hannah's Gift: Lessons from a Life Fully Lived

title: Bantam Books


text:
Talk:Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)

Degenerate theory have false statement that first order correction in energy is the same
I will correct it, but I didn't use wiki formulas, so I apologize if output is not perfect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.180.87.254 (talk) 13:05, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Cancellation of Terms
The article claims: The first-order equation is

 * $$ H_0 |n^{(1)}\rang + V |n^{(0)}\rang = E_n^{(0)} |n^{(1)}\rang + E_n^{(1)} |n^{(0)}\rang $$

Multiply through by <n(0)|. The first term on the left-hand side cancels with the first term on the right-hand side. (Recall, the unperturbed Hamiltonian is hermitian). This leads to the first-order energy shift: (emphasis added) After multiplying through by <n(0)|, it looks like the first term on the left-hand side goes to zero on it's own (H_0 pops out of the bra-ket and turns into an E_0, leaving you with <n(0)| n(1)> which is zero (orthogonality). (As opposed to canceling with the term on the right-hand side.) I believe the statement I've italicized is incorrect.--GameGod (talk) 18:22, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Who said that <n(0)| n(1)> is zero? The <n(0)> and <n(1)> don't belong to the same base (as opposed to, for example <n(0)> and <n+1(0)>) Gglanzani (talk) 16:44, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

NEEEEEEEDDDD EXAAAAAAMPLEEEEEEESSSSSSS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.64.27.237 (talk) 11:01, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Nonperturbative?
Could someone highlight Nonperturbative and explain it more explicity ... the wlnk comes here ... but then it's not highlighted nor explained well ... thanks. J. D. Redding 16:24, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Intermediate normalization
I get so tired of people getting their fingers into articles, while not knowing what they are doing. Now somebody removed the very well-known intermediate normalization condition and made an error that has the consequence that the first-order correction to the wave function is zero. Namely, (s)he writes (through first order)

1=\langle n | n \rangle = \langle n^{(0)} + \lambda n^{(1)} | n^{(0)} + \lambda n^{(1)} \rangle = \langle n^{(0)} | n^{(0)} \rangle + \lambda \langle n^{(0)} |  n^{(1)}  \rangle + \lambda \langle n^{(1)} |  n^{(0)}  \rangle + \lambda^2 \langle n^{(1)} |  n^{(1)}  \rangle $$

= 1 + 0 + 0 + \lambda^2 \langle n^{(1)} |  n^{(1)}  \rangle $$ so that, because a Hilbert space inner product is positive definite,

\langle n^{(1)} | n^{(1)}  \rangle  = 0 \Longrightarrow |n^{(1)}\rangle = 0 $$ Hence I reverted--P.wormer 14:41, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

at second order you are missing terms. you should have 2<n(0)|n(2)>+<n(1)|n(1)>. you can check this with the second order expressions actually given in the article!

the statement in the text regarding the intermediate normalization condition: "The same choice is made for all higher-order state corrections" is just wrong.

 * The unit normalization of the exact wave function is not convenient. Already the second-order wave function $$|n^{(2)}\rangle$$ obtains the non-zero component $$\langle n^{(0)}| n^{(2)}\rangle $$ along the zeroth-order wave function $$|n^{(0)}\rangle$$ in unit normalization. This means that the weight (prefactor) of the zeroth-order wave function  changes when the second-order correction is included. This continues for higher orders: every order included changes the weight of the zeroth-order wave function. The equations for higher order wave functions become very awkward in unit normalization. An elegant way out is to solve all the higher order contributions in the orthogonal complement of $$|n^{(0)}\rangle$$,  so that $$\langle n^{(k)}| n^{(0)}\rangle = 0 $$ for all k > 0. As a consequence $$\langle n| n^{(0)}\rangle = \langle n^{(0)}| n^{(0)}\rangle = 1$$. --P.wormer 13:05, 13 August 2007 (UTC).

 * I see that an anonymous deleted again the part on intermediate normalization (including three references to reputable books!). I give up.--P.wormer 15:58, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

i reverted the article because as it stood it was wrong. according to the actual expressions given at second order $$\langle n^{(k)}| n^{(0)}\rangle = 0 $$ does not hold for k=2. feel free to use a more convenient normalization but you will need to correct the expressions given in the article. --Anonymous

I don't understand what P.wormer means by weight of zero-order changing when more orders are included. We have $$\lang n|n\rang = \lang n^{(0)}|n^{(0)}\rang + \lambda (\ldots) + \lambda^2 (\ldots) + \ldots$$, so choosing the normalization $$\lang n|n\rang = \lang n^{(0)}|n^{(0)}\rang = 1$$ means that the rest of the expression must be equal to zero, and moreover all coefficients of $$\lambda^k$$ must be zero independently. I don't see why the expressions should be terminated at some level; they must always be assumed to be there, even if you just want to calculate the first or second order expressions.

If the phase of the perturbed wave function is chosen so that the inner product $$\lang n^{(0)}|n\rang$$ is real, then we get $$\lang n^{(1)}|n^{(0)}\rang = 0$$ in the first order. But I don't think it's acceptable to choose the perturbed wave function so that $$\lang n^{(k)}|n^{(0)}\rang = 0$$ for any order of $$k$$, since this restricts the perturbation corrections to be orthogonal to the unperturbed wave function, without any justification.

--Lehmus (talk) 13:58, 25 March 2014 (UTC)
 * The normalizations $$\lang n|n\rang = \lang n^{(0)}|n^{(0)}\rang = 1$$ can only be correct if
 * $$|n\rangle = c|n^{(0)}\rangle + |\Delta\Phi\rangle $$,
 * where $$|c| < 1$$  if  $$|\Delta\Phi| > 0 $$. The  weight $$|c|$$ of the zeroth-order contribution decreases if the norm of $$|\Delta\Phi\rangle$$ (containing higher and higher  order corrections) increases. This is what I mean when I write: "the weight of zero-order [is] changing when more orders are included."

 * The justification of intermediate normalization is the fact that the operator
 * $$H^{(0)}- E^{(0)}$$
 * is singular on the whole Hilbert space and is regular on the orthogonal complement of $$|n^{(0)}\rangle$$.--P.wormer (talk) 16:28, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

Lambda dropped
$$ \lambda $$ is lost in the final equation for the energy. HolIgor 20:29, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Yes, thank you for the catch. But let me put it up for debate: Is it clearer to use the approach begun in the derivation here and used on the Perturbation theory page (which takes a formal mathematical standpoint), or would it be better to take the more utilitarian road and drop the lambda in favor of an alternative notation, such as the substitution $$ \lambda V \rarr H_1$$ (as done by, among others, the standard textbook by Shankar)? Cgd8d (talk) 17:30, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I also suggest to remove $$\lambda$$ since it was kept only for the purpose of bookkeeping. I also feel that the problem is more clear if is explained in terms of wave functions, opposed to the state vectors, since all the resulting formulas look cumbersome and long, overloaded with too many symbols (This is just an opinion). I refer Landau & Lifshitz, chapter VI, in that, the whole chapter is explained clearly and concisely. It is obviously much shorter than the wikipedia page. Also making the concepts concise allows space for examples.

 * Please sign your comments ! I strongly disagree with removing pedagogical parameters and seeking concision. This is a go-to review for students, as well, definitely not a rival to technical and hyper-competent specialized L&L. Recall WP is not for experts or specialists. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 12:34, 14 April 2019 (UTC)

 * High, yes lambda is just introduced for what physicists like to call book keeping. Factually it does not make any sense to introduce it in the Ansatz. It originates from throwing an eigenstate from H0 onto the perturbed system. You get small contributions of other states of the "old" basis, as the state is not preserved. You take that changed state, you throw it again on the perturbed Hamiltonian, and the small contribution you got last time, will again be projected onto other states in the old basis, with an even smaller prefactor. and so on. Everytime you get smaller contributions, until that state does not change anymore...which then makes it an eigenstate. Something like taking the derivation with respect to lambda is wrong. This isn't possible, nor necessary, and should be skipped. Lambda is not a variable, but an arbitrary constant. I checked the source, Sakurai. In the subchapter "Formal Derivation of Pertubation Expansion" this does not occur either. But as long as you add a source, everything is ok! Source: "Trust me Dude" 2nd Edition (2020) -SomeGuy (not a user) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.69.48.35 (talk) 10:53, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

Rating and Mathematics
I have modified the rating of this article and linked it to mathematical project. It contains a lot of relevant material that is essential in the understanding of quantum mechanics and, mostly, of quantum field theory where perturbation theory is an essential tool. Pra1998 (talk) 08:26, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Examples
I really think this article needs at least one example of perturbation theory at work. A quantum well in a weak electric field (the quantum-confined Stark effect) is about as simple as this gets. This also gives us the opportunity to discuss the limitations of the approximation: "new" behaviour caused by the electric field, such as Fang-Howard tunnelling is not accounted for by perturbation theory. Also, we can look at the range of perturbing electric field for which the model is valid: when the matrix element of the perturbing potential becomes comparable to the separation between the unperturbed states, the second-order perturbation terms fail to converge.

Does anyone else think such a section would be useful? If so, I'll start writing it! Papa November (talk) 09:30, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Third- and possibly higher-order expressions are wrong
Hiya,

for a project I needed perturbation theory to third order in the states. I could not find anything going above second order in the states in any of the common QM textbooks I looked at. So I decided to re-derive it myself, and while of course I cannot be absolutely sure *my* result is correct, it does agree with the numerical solution I got, whereas the wikipedia version has a significant deviation from numerical & my perturbative solution. Therefore I strongly suspect the expression for third order of states, and possibly fourth order and higher in energy and states, to be wrong. I could exchange the third order in states with the version I have, but in any case I think it would be good to remove the wrong statements.

S.John 217.93.234.75 (talk) 17:49, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I have restored the higher order corrections. Regarding the third order energy correction, I can not see any difference with "your" correct results. I don't know if the higher order formulas are right or not, but what I believe is if you can not prove that they are wrong, you should not simply delete them. If you do think there is a mistake, you should show it here, and correct it in the article.Everett (talk) 01:44, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

Hello,my name is Shimada.

I also think there is a mistake in the third order of state. I suspect that this auther forgot the sign of minus before the second term of the second order of states $$(- \frac{V_{nn}V_{k_1n}}{E_{nk_1}^2})$$,when he calculates the third order. Probably, $$ | n^{(3)}\rangle = \cdots \dfrac{V_{nn}V_{k_1k_2}V_{k_2n}}{E_{k_1n}E_{nk_2}}\left( \dfrac{1}{E_{nk_1}}+ \dfrac{1}{E_{nk_2}}\right) -\dfrac{|V_{nn}|^2V_{k_1n}}{E_{k_1n}^3} $$is right,I think.I don't consider other parts yet.Please confirm this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Y.Shimada1215 (talk • contribs) 15:49, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

I don't see a citation for the high order expressions. I would think they should be deleted on that basis. As for third order, can someone check if that's what L&L actually have in their book? I would think some discussion of the high order degenerate case would make this more complete, if anyone knows a reference. Physicsjock (talk) 05:06, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

I computed these recently, the formula for the states starts being wrong at 3rd order, in that some of the coefficients are wrong. At 4th order it is completely wrong. The energy is right through 4th order, I didn't compute 5th order. (June 18th, 2012) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.66.175.8 (talk) 20:08, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

The higher order expressions are definitively wrong. Take the fourth order correction to the state $$|n^{(4)}\rangle$$, for example. The first term includes 'diagrams' like $$V_{k_1k_2}V_{k_2k_3}V_{k_3k_4}V_{k_4 k_2}$$, which are not even connected to the state which is to be perturbed. If nobody can correct them, they should be removed. --Sharkdp (talk) 12:21, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

spelling, etc.
Please, please: WP:MOS and WP:MOSMATH both exist.

I found I've cleaned up a lot of this. Michael Hardy (talk) 23:09, 18 October 2012 (UTC)
 * "Hellman–Feynman" appearing repeatedly with a hyphen rather than an en-dash;
 * -1 instead of −1;
 * Indiscriminate italicizing of everything in non-TeX math notation including even parentheses and digits;
 * Numerous cases of initial letters capitalized merely because they were in section headings.
 * Instances of . or, instead of . or , . The punctuation often fails to get properly aligned when it's outside of the "math" tags;
 * Failures to indent "displayed" things in math tags (via a preceding colon);
 * etc., etc., ..... See my recent edit.

Error in assumption
In the article it says: "Since the overall phase is not determined in quantum mechanics, without loss of generality, we may assume $$\lang n^{(0)}|n \rang $$ is purely real." I'm not sure but this seems to be simply wrong. Of course you can choose your _overall_ phase at will in QM, because it will cancel out whenever calculating an expectation value. Therefore one cannot simply "make" or "assume" something like $$\lang n^{(0)}|n \rang $$ to be real, a phase factor would have to be multiplied to both sides and would not change the result at all...

92.195.40.81 (talk) 12:51, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

This is not an error, it is true that the phase of the perturbed wave function $$|n \rang $$ can be chosen so that the inner product with the unperturbed wave function $$|n^{(0)} \rang $$ is real. If the inner product is initially complex, $$\lang n^{(0)} |n\rang = R e^{i\theta}$$, changing the perturbed wave function by $$|n \rang \to e^{-i\theta} |n \rang$$ ensures that the inner product is real. This is convenient because it implies that $$\lang n^{(1)}|n^{(0)} \rang = 0$$ (using the normalization condition), making the calculations a bit simpler. This is explained well in Cohen-Tannoudji, Diu & Laloe.

--Lehmus (talk) 13:31, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

Edit war
I think that it is started and edit war on the section about "strong perturbation theory". The same anonymous from Boston (MA) deleted all of it twice. Maybe some Administrator can act to stop this? Thanks.--Pra1998 (talk) 19:47, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

 * He has switched IP, and is now 18.62.31.139, also from MIT, and I left a warning on that IP's Talk page. Any further peremptory editing without discussion on this page by him or his IP covers first should be treated as plain vandalism. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 21:13, 10 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Fine. Thanks a lot.--Pra1998 (talk) 23:10, 10 December 2014 (UTC)

Rename the article into Quantum Perturbation Theories
I'm very sorry for some mistakes in the page Perturbation theory but I think the original purpose is rather correct: I wish to specify that these ones are applications of analytical perturbation methods to QM, while many other fields have seen perturbation methods like neutronics basing on linear Boltzmann equation, viscoelasticity and so on. That is also the reason I have just suggested in the discussion of [Mathematical] Perturbation Theory page to solve the ambiguity on one hand by inverting the redirect with perturbation methods, and on the other hand to rename the Perturbation Theory (QM) page into Quantum perturbation Theories, (since there are more than one QPT).95.238.49.157 (talk) 18:14, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

 * As indicated on my talk page plea, I have no interest in said wildcat relabelling stunts, but the loss of the explanatory sentence "The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional perturbing Hamiltonian representing a weak disturbance to the system." from the introduction is manifestly regrettable. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 13:17, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Source for experimental and theoretical value precision
From the article: "the calculation of the electron's magnetic moment has been found to agree with experiment to eleven decimal places." http://www.oberlin.edu/physics/dstyer/StrangeQM/Moment.pdf Is a viewable discussion of the context with it's citation to the data being Physical Review D 85 (2012) 033007

I'm much out of my depth in both this topic and in Wikipedia editing however, so I will leave any changes to the good people with higher capabilities. 98.230.96.47 (talk) 19:31, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Though I'm only a moderately good person and have few capabilities, I did add the Phys. Rev. D paper. The other pdf, while a good read and undoubtedly reliable, does not pass as a reference unfortunately. Next time, add it yourself! YohanN7 (talk) 22:59, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

Quantum correction
Can quantum correction please be made to point to this article? 96.40.48.159 (talk) 18:17, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

 * Bad idea. A quantum correction is a correction of $O(\hbar)$ to a classical expression, and not a small coupling correction to a quantum expression as detailed here. Why on earth would one imagine this could be otherwise? Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 21:15, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, guess I should apologize for not being an expert, asshole? Where should quantum correction redirect, then?  I see it used all the time here, but there's not a proper redirect. 96.40.48.159 (talk) 22:37, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

Correction to "Time-independent perturbation theory"
First order:

"Since the overall phase is not determined in quantum mechanics, without loss of generality, in time independent theory we may assume {\displaystyle \langle n^{(0)}|n^{(1)}\rangle }{\displaystyle \langle n^{(0)}|n^{(1)}\rangle } is purely real. Therefore,

{\displaystyle \left\langle n^{(0)}\right|\left.n^{(1)}\right\rangle =\left\langle n^{(1)}\right|\left.n^{(0)}\right\rangle ,}"

There is a minus sign missing. Don't want to edit the article myself, because someone will again demand a citation for basic math.

Edit: Well I don't know how to Wikipedia, so excuse me for the botched formula
 * Please sign your comments! Further, read all three formulas involved, and make a minimal effort to understand the logic flow of what is being asserted: It is because both the sum and difference of two numbers vanish that both numbers vanish. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 16:49, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

 * I get it now. It read like a=a* implies a=0, since it said "therefore a=a* leads to a=0" where 'a' is the term in question. But well... 129.69.48.35 (talk) 13:50, 10 April 2020 (UTC)SomeGuy ...let's hope that is how I sign?

5th oder Energy correction, time indepandent
I have implemented the Energy corrections with some minimal example. After spending many ours I came to the suspicion that the 5th oder energy correction might contain some error. Can someone check that? 185.58.28.55 (talk) 21:48, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

eigenvector perturbation to first order, when degenerate energy NOT lifted to first order
Can someone post what this looks like? I.e. Vnk is the same for all k in the degenerate space, so the expression for first order correction of eigenvectors goes to infinity. Iuvalclejan (talk) 23:27, 10 September 2023 (UTC)