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RTL (Hungarian TV channel)

RTL (formerly: RTL Klub and abbreviated as RTL HU) is a Hungarian free-to-air television channel owned by RTL Group.

History
Since its start, RTL Klub has focused to gain viewers from the urban population. The channel airs programs mostly for a younger (18-49) audience.

RTL Klub rebranded again in early September 1999. The idents consists of two elements (fire and water), with the eye motif being introduced for the first time.

On 17 December 2001, RTL Klub adapted another new identity, designed by Dogfish and focuses on people which then zoom into their eyes.

RTL Klub and TV2 aired two similar major reality series simultaneously. While TV2 purchased the rights of Big Brother, RTL Klub produced its own series called Való Világ (Real World). Való Világ had three seasons between 2002 and 2004. Since its second season the show has been much more successful than the rival Big Brother.

RTL Klub is the most watched TV channel in Hungary since 2002, thanks to the daily Hungarian soap opera Barátok közt (Among Friends), which is the most watched TV programme in Hungary with more than 2 million viewers; the tabloid magazine Fókusz (Focus) and the game show Legyen Ön is milliomos (Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?). Millionaire is off the schedule from September 2007 after seven years and has replaced by A Széf (Take It Or Leave It).

Before these idents were introduced, three teasers featuring Naná (the mascot that appeared on most idents itself, usually walking and enclosed in a dark red circle) would air during commercial blocks from late March 2003 until the moment when these idents would be eventually introduced on April 19 that year. These idents sometimes featured short 2D and 3D animations involving Naná itself. This was the last identity package with the "coloured" on screen bug, the next package had it changed into transparent gray.

From the fall-winter season of 2005–2006, RTL Klub has started to broadcast popular American TV shows like Lost. The first episode of Lost had almost 2 million viewers, and a 50% share. This was a record. The next year Prison Break started with almost 1.6 million. Nowadays a TV show at prime time (21:00) can reach 1-1.5 million viewers. In season 2006–2007 Prison Break was the most watched American series in Hungary.

From the fall season of 2007, RTL Klub has launched two new formats with great success. Poker Face ran like a tournament for six weeks with an average 38-42% share. The other new show was Csillag születik, the Hungarian version of the RTL Got Talent format. Poker Face ended with the super final at 18 December and the time slot of it will be occupied by the new game show A Széf (Take It or Leave it).

RTL Klub was the only licensed broadcaster of Formula One in Hungary from 2002 until 2011. After 10 years RTL decided not to renew the license for Formula 1. The reason was that they wanted to concentrate mainly for the prime time programs because of the shrinking advertising market.

RTL Klub changed its graphics package once again, at 19:00 CET of 24 December 2005, just after the end of RTL Híradó that day. For the first time in its history, the logo but stopped being colourful as it became light gray.

RTL Klub has been the only licensed broadcaster of Domino Day in Hungary, for 6 years (2004–2009).

RTL Klub introduced a new graphics package on 1 June 2008 at 16:30 CET, just before a commercial break during a simulcast of a horse race. The package features the FF DIN Condensed typeface. (Its main competitor TV2 used the non-condensed version of FF DIN from 2008 to 2020). The idents were designed by the team of the Argentinian television channel Punga TV. They were consisted of concrete blocks flying across the screen, against a backdrop of Hungarian landmarks or the Hungarian countryside, until they eventually formed the letters RTL (with KLUB in a much smaller font below). On its first day, the 2005–2008 on-screen bug was retained, but it was changed to a lighter but the next day, with the new appearing and disappearing "animations".

From 2010, RTL Klub started with 2 winning formats. First of all the channel after 6 years absence successfully relaunched the Való Világ franchise. VV4 ran with a 40% SHR among 18-49 demographic. Secondly they purchased the rights of television talent show The X Factor. The show ran with a 50% SHR among 18-49 demographic which is really high on the Hungarian television market. The Factor crashed the competitor talent show on TV2 so "Megasztár" left the time slot of The X Factor after a few episodes. Because of the success of both format, RTL Klub renewed both show for the 5th and 2nd season respectively. They started in the fall season of 2011.

To celebrate its 20th anniversary, RTL Klub rebranded for the first time in nine years, on 2 October 2017 at 04:00 CET. This was a major overhaul for the channel as its old graphics package, which was dominated by grey and fluorescent colours, was replaced by a vibrant multicoloured graphics package. This was considered the last image under the name RTL Klub.

It confirmed on 2 September 2022 that all RTL channels will change their names, while RTL Klub will be renamed simply to RTL on 22 October 2022 on the occasion of the channel's 25th anniversary. The channel changed its name and identity on 22 October 2022 at 20:40 CEST during the TV show X-Faktor. Its logo and identity is based on its German counterpart.

Original programming

 * Barátok közt (Among Friends): the most watched domestically produced television soap of Hungary. The show started in the fall of 1998, one year after the foundation of RTL Klub. The show remarkably resembles BBC soap-drama, EastEnders. Initially, it didn't have the expected ratings, however, bound by the contract, RTL Klub had to keep the show running. Since 2000, the third season, the show has been rarely beaten in ratings in its own timeslot. Today, the average rating of the show is about 2 million viewers, and it's a solid foundation of viewers the channel occasionally builds on. Each episode of the series is 15 minutes long, and every weekday two episodes are aired. In between the two episodes, there is a news session as well as the highest value commercial block in Hungarian television. The show will end, after 23 seasons, on July 17, 2021, with an extended special episode.
 * X-Faktor: the licensed version of the talent show The X Factor. The first season started in the fall season of 2010. Because of the great success the 2nd season started one year later. Season 3 started in fall 2012. Season 4 started 1 year later with 3 new judges and 2 new hosts.
 * Való Világ (Real World): the show is similar to the reality show Big Brother although there are some major differences between the two formats. VV first started on RTL Klub in 2002. At the same time the rival TV channel (TV2) purchased the rights of the successful Big Brother format. The 1st seasons of the 2 shows had similar ratings but BB was slightly ahead. Since the 2nd season VV crashed the rival format so BB moved to the late night time slot and died quietly. The 2nd season of VV was followed with a 3rd one which had great ratings again. (There was no BB3.) After the 3rd season of VV ended RTL Klub had the format rested for 6 years. In 2010 they relaunched the format with some changes. VV4 was followed by VV5 in 2011. VV6 started in Winter 2014 on RTL II and the channel continues it with a 7th season in Autumn. RTL Klub sold the format of VV to Czech Republic and Slovakia where the show was called Vyvolení. The Czech VV had 3 seasons while the Slovak had 2. In both countries VyVolení (the chosen one) won the time slot against Big Brother.
 * Csillag Születik (A Star Borns): the Hungarian licensed version of Britain's Got Talent. Four seasons have been aired in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012 respectively.
 * Fókusz (Focus) is a daily report magazine. It is on the air since the foundation of RTL Klub. (1997)
 * Showder Klub is a stand-up comedy show, spin-off of former show of Sándor Fábry called Esti Showder. His programme goes nowadays on Duna.
 * Házon kívül (Outside the House): a political show, which deals with two or three current political events or social problems every week.
 * A Széf: A licensed version of Take it or Leave it. It began airing during the 2007 fall season.
 * XXI. Század (21st Century): a documentary series which usually deals with historical moments which happened in the 20th century. Recordings presented in the show usually originate from the communist era and therefore are black and white. RTL Klub purchases most of the presented material from Hungarian national television (MTV or m1).
 * Egy perc és nyersz: (Minute to Win It): It is the licensed version of the American game show Minute to Win It.
 * A gyanú árnyékában (Cases of Doubts): It is a scripted docu-reality series started to air at the spring season of 2012. The series follows a documentary style. Every episodes deals with a family in some kind of trouble. The stories are based on real events. The characters are played by amateur actors. The second season started in the fall of 2012.
 * A kód (The Code) is the licensed version of the British game show The Exit List by Balázs Sebestyén. It had aired at the fall season of 2012 every weekday.
 * Házasodna a gazda: is the scripted reality series based on the format Farmer Wants a Wife. The first season aired during the fall season of 2012.
 * Éjjel-nappal Budapest (Budapest – Night & Day): is a scripted reality series, licensed from German RTL II show Berlin Tag & Nacht. Airs every weekday at 19.50 since February 2013.
 * Kölyökklub (Kid's Club): is a children programme block. Previously, in addition to cartoons, there was also a pirate-themed quiz show, hosted by Rita Jónás. Later, a talk show took its place, which was already hosted by Nóra Ördög, and in which children were also guests, but since July 1, 2006, it has only broadcast cartoons. The program is broadcast on weekends and holidays from 7:00 a.m. The programme had a former weekday companion program, Jó reggelt, skacok! (Good Morning, Guys!).

Former original programming

 * Heti Hetes ("The Weekly Seven"): a show where seven known Hungarian comedians (one host and 6 guests) talk about current news, politics and public life. The show was on air from the early years of RTL Klub and the 500th episode was the last to air there. The show moved in 2012's fall to the sister channel RTL II.
 * Legyen Ön is Milliomos: The licensed version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. The series lasted nine seasons, hosted by Hungary's esteemed quiz host, István Vágó, but it was not going to be renewed after the licensor changed to RTL's major game show format. In September 2009, the show switched to a new format; the host was changed to Sándor Fábry, a well-known comedian in Hungary, and the players are always a pair of celebrities. It aired once a month but this format was not successful so the show was cancelled again. In February 2012 the show was rebooted again and returned with a new host, Sándor Friderikusz. It was aired once per week. The show moved in 2012's fall to the sister channel RTL II before being cancelled again in 2013. Then in 2018, the license of Millionaire was moved to its counterpart channel, TV2.
 * Gálvölgyi Show: a parody show hosted by János Gálvölgyi, featuring short sketches which are parodies of TV shows, Hungarian and international celebrities, and commercials. The show also has several regular sketches, such as a conversation between two working-out rich men, which led to the birth of a decade-old Hungarian catchphrase "Gyúrunk vazze'" ("We're working out, damn it").
 * Kész Átverés (Total Scam): a show similar to the MTV's Punk'd where the host does pranks on Hungarian and currently visiting celebrities.
 * Esti Showder: a very popular talk show being broadcast every second week (except summer) at Thursdays 21:00. It loosely follows the format of NBC's The Tonight Show. The show features an opening session with the host cracking somewhat actualized jokes and rapidfire humorous monologues, followed by a regular session of Design Center, in which the host ironically presents absurd or downright ridiculous products created and sent to the show by viewers. After the design center, the show features a studio music session which presents successful or potentially successful Hungarian bands, and finally the show presents a talk session where Fábry sits down and talks to different Hungarian celebrities. After 11 years the show hasn't returned at the fall season of 2011. Fábry moved the show to m1.
 * Celeb vagyok...Ments ki innen!: the licensed version of British TV show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! The 1st season premiered at the fall 2008. Before the first-season premiere the 2nd season was announced as well. The 2nd season had even better ratings than the first season. The show will return in Autumn 2014 on RTL II.
 * Vacsoracsata (Dinner Fight): the licensed version of Come Dine with Me.
 * Benkő Feleséget Keres (Benkő is looking for a wife): RTL Klub's 2009 fall season reality about a search for a wife for Hungary's scandalous artist, Benkő Dániel.
 * Balázs Show: a daily tabloid talk show, which aired every weekday at 16:30. The show followed a slightly more lightened up format than its counterpart, Mónika show. It ended in 2007 after years of success, cited reason being that the host became popular and wanted more serious challenges.
 * Mónika Show: a daily tabloid talk show usually featured and tried to resolve family issues. The former Hungarian local authority National Radio and Television Syndicate had often punished the channel belong to highly violent behaviour and bad language used by the guests the show. On 8 August 2012, RTL Klub got a 12-hours break penalty for the show.
 * Szombat Esti Láz (Saturday Night Fever): The show is based on the BBC One programme Strictly Come Dancing. In it famous Hungarian people dance with professional dancers. This show is also very popular. The 2nd-season finale had more viewers than the FIFA Football World Cup Final in Hungary. (Italy vs. France), it should however be noted that Hungary were not in the competition hence weakening interest. It had 3 seasons. 2 in 2006 (spring and fall) and 1 in 2008 (fall). The show returned in 2013 spring on RTL II.
 * Győzike: a documentary-soap about a Hungarian gypsy family. The head of the family called Győző Gáspár, husband and father of two girls, who is a pop/rap singer and he had a band but after the show started in 2005 the band broke up. It used to be a very popular show, bearing similarities to MTV's the Osbournes. It had 7 seasons but the return of the show is unlikely.
 * Pókerarc: The Hungarian adaption of the RTL format PokerFace. It debuted at November 2007 and broadcast every day at 19.00. At the end of the first season, before Christmas one player won 50 Million Ft. (200.000 Euro). The host of the game is István Vágó (the host of the previous game show Who wants to be a Millionaire? and Balázs Sebestyén (the host of Balázs show and Kész Átverés). The 2nd season started in fall 2008.
 * A Kísértés (The Temptation): the licensed version of Temptation Island. The show had one season on RTL Klub in 2004 and had moderate ratings and so it wasn't renewed for a second season.
 * A Rettegés Foka (Fear Factor): It is a licensed version of the American Fear Factor. It was cancelled after 2 seasons, reruns however are still aired on Cool TV.
 * Survivor – A sziget (Survivor – The Island): the licensed version of the famous hit reality show Survivor, whose international format rights are held by RTL. RTL Klub aired two seasons. The major difference between the Hungarian Survivor and the original one was the winner was selected by a public vote (via SMS or phone calls).
 * Szeszélyes (Capricious): a show similar to long-running Szeszélyes Évszakok (Capricious Seasons). After the cancellation of the original show, RTL Klub launched its own version with the host Imre Antal, which ran until Antal's death of cancer in 2008. The channel didn't renew the license for the show because it had considerably lower ratings than the original.
 * Csíííz!: the licensed Hungarian version of America's Funniest Home Videos.
 * Jó reggelt, skacok! (Good Morning, Guys): a children programme block. It started on 1 February 2012 and was broadcast every weekday from 5.30am to 7.15am. The broadcaster has previously canceled some shows to cut expenses. Advertisers previously missed a weekday morning children's channel from the national channel. That's how the program started, which is similar to the Kölyöklub program block, with the difference that it has a different look and it's on weekdays. From 18 June to 31 August 2012, the show only ran from 6.40am to 7.30am and only aired two cartoons. It was off air from 24 December 2012 to 1 January 2013. The block was taken off the air on 28 December 2018.

Programming and content
Being a commercial channel, RTL Klub broadcasts an important number of populist- and tabloid-skewed shows and, specially, a high proportion of light entertainment and reality television shows. As a result, many of its contents have been criticised by some media circles. In 2018, the Hungarian General Court and media regulators NMHH imposed a fine of up to HUF 143 million (€440,000) due to inappropriate content shown on the fourth season of popular show Való Világ, broadcast in 2010, returning after a six-year hiatus. Such unappropiate content included graphic imagery which did not adhere to the rating assigned to the show, as well as undisclosed product placement.

Many of its fiction series have also received criticism, both political and moral. Popular comedy-drama series A mi kis falunk (A Little Village), has received high ratings during its four seasons; however, it has been heavily criticized by many viewers and critics due to its storylines, which reflect the life stereotypes of many rural and popular Hungarian villages. It has also received condemnation from right-wing and far-right nationalists for supposed misbehaviour; for example, MEP Krisztina Morvai openly complained about the show when, during the summer of 2011, when she was on vacation, the show recorded portions of a storyline on the Pilis Mountains, which far-right government members and sympathizants have come to call it a miracle place where "the heart of the Earth beats", as told by Kata Jurák, editor of pro-government newspaper Magyar Idők.

Its informational content has also received heavy criticism. Its newscasts have emphasized crime and human interest stories, sensationalistic reporting, a faster-paced format, heavy use of graphics and visuals, and on-the-scene coverage. Its newsmagazine Fokusz has also received criticism, due to its mix of stories rotated around controversial issues and entertainment news. However, after 2014, the station's informational content, including its main evening news, has been including more political and serious news, improving its reputation over media critics and gaining credibility with viewers.

Editorial stance
RTL Klub has been critical of the Fidesz-KDNP government since it was sworn in to power in 2010. It is one of a small number of TV stations critical of it, including competitors ATV and N1 TV. The station began to have a serious impasse with the government in 2014, when such coalition announced the proposal of an advertising tax of up to 50% of the advertising revenue of any commercial TV station in Hungary. Many political opponents denounced that such law was targeted directly to the RTL stations, and, specially, RTL Klub. The station reacted by including, in its main news, more political stories, often very critical of Viktor Orbán and the right-wing coalition. RTL Group even threatened to sue the government in front of the International Court of Justice.

This led to an increasing menacing rhetoric between both sides, until such dispute was resolved in early 2015, when the government toned down its rhetoric and cancelled the controversial tax proposal, mainly due to pressure from European Union, German and Luxembourgian politicians and government officials. This resulted on the dismissal of longtime group CEO Dirk Gerkens, which was eventually snapped by its biggest competitor (and pro-government station) TV2. In order to protect the station's independence from the Orbán government, RTL Group moved the licenses of its Hungarian pay-TV stations to the Luxembourgian media watchdog, like most of its sister European TV ventures. RTL Klub is still broadcast under a license from the NMHH media council.

Although the station is still critical of the Fidesz-KDNP coalition, it has since toned down its aggressive rhetoric, but, at the same time, it has beefed up its informational programming, by adding more analytic and debate shows, including the debate show Magyarul Balóval (Baló's Hungary), hosted by former MTV political analyst and academic lecturer György Baló, which debuted in February 2015, and aired for four years until suddenly ending in early 2019, in an amicable decision related to György's need to undergo medical treatment for pancreatic cancer, to which he would succumb in March. The show was also accused of being unfavourable towards Orbán and his government, but it has been praised for inviting a diversity of representatives from political parties across the National Assembly. Its daily news broadcast has also received more praise and higher ratings due to its fact-based, but critical reporting on the government actions, alongside balancing the content focus of the station's newscast, often tabloid- and infotainment-skewed, as well as an improved on-air design. The station also made some international headlines when an interview made by the Financial Times to Hungarian-American billionaire investor George Soros, which has been falsely accused of corruption and antisemitism by the coalition government, was translated and portions of it broadcast on an edition of the main evening news in November 2017.

Hungarian anti-LGBT law and effects on programming and ad-breaks
After the passing of the controversial Hungarian anti-LGBT law, RTL Klub staunchly opposed these legislative amendments. Through a publicly-broadcast statement during its evening news broadcast (the station's most popular broadcast), the broadcaster not only expressed its objection to the law, which "seriously violates freedom of expression", but also reinforced "its commitment to the protection of children and families" by addressing the law "would effectively exclude sexual minorities from the mass media, making it impossible to combat negative stereotypes in society." RTL Klub also listed a number of series and films to which the channel produces and/or has the rights to broadcast, including many episodes of the popular Barátok közt (Among Friends) soap opera (which was, at that time, broadcasting its final season) and the Harry Potter film franchise, which would be affected by the law. As a result of the legislation, such series and films must be broadcast after midnight and classified as 18+, which the broadcaster also opposes staunchly. In addition, from July 8, 2021, all commercial breaks on RTL Klub and its sister channels became subject to the Hungarian content classification system.

As a result, promotional material for the station's programming has been gradually complying with the controversial law. The broadcaster removed an advertisement of their Barátok közt final season campaign, which depicted a gay marriage broadcast during the 2018 season. Instead of replacing the image, RTL Klub placed a statement condemning the passing of the legislation and asking viewers to support their stance by tuning in to the grand finale of the long running soap opera. The station's news programming also began to feature critical reporting on the effects of the law, and the RTL Klub DOG was modified to include the rainbow flag into the station's logo.

Sister TV channels
RTL Klub has many sister channels. One of the owners of RTL Klub was "IKO Kábeltévé Kft.", which owned Cool, Film+, Sportklub (which ceased on 30 April 2016), Sportklub+ (which is a non-airing channel since 15 October 2009), DoQ (which closed on 31 March 2019), F&H, Sorozat+, Poén! (which became Prizma on 20 December 2010 and RTL+ on 1 May 2014), Reflektor (which closed on 31 December 2012) and Film+ 2 (which was replaced by RTL Gold on 3 July 2017), all of which are in some way related to IKO's primary channel, RTL Klub. In July 2011, RTL Group acquired seven TV channels from IKO Kábeltévé (Cool, Film+, Film+ 2, Prizma TV, Sorozat+, Reflektor TV, Muzsika TV). Tematic Cable Entertainment bought Sportklub, DoQ and F&H in 2013 from the RTL Group. Prizma TV airs since 1 May 2014 as RTL+.

Cool
Originally Cool had the target audience of 15-29 urban youths who love music, externals, clothes, trendy lifestyle and extravagance. The channel was launched on 15 September 2003 and it is available in 2.5 million households. The channel is on a 24/7 broadcast schedule, targeting audience not only during the day, but during the night as well. Cool airs reruns of series RTL Klub originally purchased or produced as well as series targeting today's youth. These include: South Park, Married... with Children (Egy rém rendes család), 24, Footballer's Wives (Futbalista feleségek), The L Word (L), Queer as Folk (A fiúk a klubból), The Unit (Az egység), Dead Like Me (Haláli hullák), Weeds (Spangli), Skins (Skins), Desperate Housewives (Született feleségek)

In 2007, Cool launched a series of topical shows produced by the channel, such as Cool Live and Cool Night, featuring younger hosts lent to Cool by RTL Klub. The earlier is a youth lifestyle show, and the latter is an adult show including interviews with Hungarian porn stars and producers, as well as occasionally shown soft-core video clips. , these talk shows are cancelled.

In 2009, Cool purchased the airing rights of the successful Hungarian version of Whose line is it anyway?, Beugró.

On 30 August 2010, Cool rebranded, opening for a wider audience. Since then the channel airs mostly crime procedurals like the CSI franchise, Bones, Castle, Cobra 11, The Mentalist, etc. The move was successful because as of July 2012, Cool TV is the third watched commercial TV channel, and most watched cable channel in Hungary (target audience 18–49, prime time 19.00-23.00), beating main competitor Viasat 3.

On 1 December 2014, Cool rebranded to its current ident package, and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the channel is available in HD too.

Film+
Film+ was launched on 15 September 2003, the same time as Cool. The channel airs movies which previously aired on RTL Klub 24/7. According to the 2012 Hungarian television ratings, Film+ is the third-most-watched cable channel in Hungary. Due to the early success of the channel, the parent company launched Film+ 2, which aired movies in the same fashion as Film+, but it closed on 3 July 2017 to make way for RTL Gold, a channel which airs old episodes of RTL Klub's old game shows and talkshows.

The channel is available in HD since New Year's Day 2015.

Film+ rename Mozi Klub 15 december 2023.

RTL Gold
Film+ 2 was a non-violent family channel. It launched on 2 April 2008. This movie channel was devoted partly to female audiences, and partly to family films during the evenings and weekends. It offered comedies, romantic films, adventures and dramas. In the RTL cable portfolio, Film+ 2 was the channel that broadcasts most Hungarian films.

It closed down on 3 July 2017 to make way for RTL Gold. This channel broadcasts 24/7 and airs mostly the formerly successful gameshows of the parent channel – such as Hungarian adaptations of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Legyen Ön is milliomos!, aired only parts being hosted by Sándor Friderikusz), The Exit List (A Kód) and Minute to Win It (Egy perc és nyersz) –, talkshows like Mónika Show (with 12+ rating, despite multiple times penalised on RTL Klub due to the guests' extremely violent manner to each other), Balázs show and Anikó show (flagship programme specifically made for the channel, hosted by former Való Világ competitor Anikó Nádai) and, since September 2018, it also airs Latin American and Turkish series. It also airs four parts of Barátok közt (Among Friends) daily, dating back to the 1998 beginning of the legendary series counting 10 455 episodes.

On December 10, 2022, at 5:00 CET, the channel got a new look.

Sportklub
Sportklub was launched on 2 January 2006. RTL Klub purchased the broadcasting rights of the FIFA World Cup 2006 but it didn't have enough airing time for all of the matches, and therefore Sport Klub was launched by the parent company to fill in. Sportklub aired various sport activities, such as the French and Italian football league (as partner of Digi Sport), tennis, poker, NCAA, athletics, futsal and box. The channel reran the Formula-1 broadcast of the parent channel to 2011. It aired certain matches of the English and the Spanish league, however its main competitors, the sports channels run by the Hungarian public service television MTV, Sport1 and Sport2, have the first pick of the matches they would like to air. To ease up the load on Sportklub, the parent company also launched Sportklub+ in September 2007, which aired sports events deemed to attract less viewers than the parent channel, but it closed on 15 October 2009.

Sportklub closed down in Hungary on 30 April 2016.

Sportklub is also available in countries close to Hungary in which countries IKO also operates, including Romania, Poland, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.

RTL Kettő
In September 2011, RTL Klub started a project named RTL2 to launch a new RTL channel in Hungary. In April, 2012 it was announced, that RTL will launch RTL II in September or in October with I Love Gjoni (reality show); Who Wants To Be a Millionaire? (Hungarian version) and Heti Hetes (weekly comedy show on Sunday nights).

In July 2012, something started to promoted on RTL Klub with these sentences: Life is Nice (Hungarian: Az élet szép.), The Sky is Blue (Az ég kék.), The Grass is Green (A fű zöld.), but it wasn't mentioned that these ads are advertising something. In September 2012, it was revealed that these ads advertised RTL2, the new commercial television channel what will launch on October 1, 2012, and it will replace Reflektor TV. In September, it suddenly became an Internet meme but bloggers and net users were disappointed when they got know the promotion is about "just" a new TV channel.

At the launch the prime-time schedule of RTL II included series: Modern Family, White Collar, Terra Nova, Journeyman, The Forgotten, Chase, shows moved from RTL Klub: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and Heti Hetes and a new magazine Forró nyomon. It airs as RTL II from 1 October 2012 to 20 November 2022 when it was rebranded to RTL Kettő.

RTL Három
It launched as Poén! on 2 April 2008, then it was renamed as Prizma TV on 20 December 2010. Prizma's focus was on entertainment and its purpose was to provide something attractive for each generation. Most of its programming consisted of beloved familiars, but there were some new audience favourites, too. It airs as RTL+ from 1 May 2014 to 28 October 2022 when it was rebranded to RTL Három.

Sorozat+
Sorozat+ is the channel for fans of series – for those who live in anticipation of the next episode. Sorozat+ offers something for each member of the family, from Latin-American telenovelas to top US series. It launched on 2 April 2008.

Muzsika TV
Muzsika TV is a music channel that offers a mix of traditional and modern pieces, featuring the greatest stars of folk and pop music as well as operettas and musicals. It launched on 6 November 2009.

title: RTL (Hungarian TV channel)


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Nedo Nadi

Nedo Nadi (9 June 1894 – 29 January 1940) was one of the best Italian fencers of all time. He is the only fencer to win a gold medal in each of the three weapons at a single Olympic Games and won the most fencing gold medals ever at a single Games—five. Nadi won six Olympic gold medals in total.

Early life
Nedo Nadi was born in Livorno, Italy, the elder son of famous Italian fencing master, Giuseppe (Beppe) Nadi. He had a younger brother, Aldo who was an Olympic gold medallist in his own right. Nedo had his first fencing lesson with a foil at the age of seven in his father’s gymnasium at Livorno. His father taught him foil and sabre but believed the épée to be an "undisciplined" weapon and refused to teach it. The brothers therefore used to go and practice by themselves and were essentially self-taught on épée. At the age of fourteen Nedo won a solid silver trophy for his three weapon work during the Jubilee celebration of Emperor Franz Joseph at Vienna.

1912 Olympic Games
Competing for his country at 1912 Stockholm Olympics, Nadi became the youngest fencer to win a foil gold medal. Aged 18 years and 29 days, he beat teammate Pietro Speciale and Richard Verderber of Austria for the individual gold with seven straight victories in the final pool.

World War I
Nadi served in the Italian Army during World War I and was decorated for bravery.

1920 Olympic Games
Nadi resumed his competitive career after World War I was over. Defeated central European countries and the Soviet Union did not attend the Antwerp games. This meant that Hungary, one of the strongest fencing nations, would be absent. Nadi therefore decided to expand his chances for gold and entered all three fencing disciplines in the team events, as well as the individual foil and sabre.

Nedo Nadi’s 1920 Olympic performances were acclaimed as near to perfection as a fencer could execute. Nadi won the individual foil gold medal with a record 10 wins in the final pool.

Nadi’s entry in the team épée event annoyed his father, who regarded the épée as "a crude and undisciplined weapon”. Unlike the foil, where a fencer could only score off a hit which landed on the trunk of the opponent’s body, or the sabre where the upper torso and face mask count as scoring hits, in épée any part of the body is a legitimate hit. Nevertheless, Nedo Nadi led the Italian épée team, which included his brother Aldo, to the Olympic team gold medal. Nadi did not compete in the individual épée event, however.

Nedo Nadi's perfect balance, timing and rapid reflexes were an advantage in any style of fencing, so without much difficulty he won the individual sabre gold medal by 11 victories to 9. His brother Aldo won the silver medal. In the team sabre event, the Italian team supported their star fencer and cruised to an easy victory.

Nadi, carried in triumph by his opponents, added three team victories to his tally of two individual golds and his younger brother Aldo won three team gold and one silver to make the family total a record for any sport in one Olympic Games.

Later life
After his Antwerp Olympic victories Nadi turned professional and took up coaching at the Buenos Aires Jockey Club. He returned to Rome some years later and was reinstated as an amateur. In 1932 he retired from actively fencing. From 1935 to his death in January 1940 he served as president of the Italian Fencing Federation. Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini called upon Nadi to coach the Italian fencing team to be entered in the 1936 Summer Olympics which challenge Nadi accepted. His teams performed well, dominating the games, with Italian fencers sweeping gold, silver, and bronze in the individual épée competitions, thus easily claiming the team épée gold; collecting the individual gold and bronze and team gold in foil; and the individual and team silver medals in sabre.

His brother Aldo moved to Hollywood where he worked in the film industry.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nedo Nadi


text:
Weightlifting (album)

Weightlifting is the fourth studio album by the Scottish pop/rock band Trashcan Sinatras, released in 2004.

Production
The album was financed by the band and through a grant from the Scottish Arts Council.

Critical reception
The Washington Post called the album "less jaunty than the band's early work, with a high percentage of string-swaddled laments about such subjects as faithless women, haunted widowers and unsolved child murders." Exclaim! wrote that "many of the compositions wander into slower, quieter places of lyrical introspection about love and love astray, while other upbeat numbers seem thrown in for good measure, abound with delightfully catchy guitar melodies and hopeful vocals." The A.V. Club wrote that "songs occasionally ride dangerously close to the adult-contemporary world (the weeping guitar on 'Leave Me Alone,' for example), but only in search of something simply adult."

title: Weightlifting (album)


text:
Talk:Pro-Life

Regarding edit war
Why does Pro-Life in your opinion only encompass abortion when its shown to be much much more complex of a position. L32007 (talk) 15:58, 20 August 2014 (UTC)
 * The present consensus is clearly to leave it a redirect, not an article: see Redirects_for_discussion/Log/2013_July_10. The Banner talk 16:13, 20 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pro-Life


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ross Sands

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 17:50, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Ross Sands
Probably not notable; google hits, few of which seem relevant. Thue | talk 10:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity page. google hits for harrogate hornets reveals that it is a junior sports team. Not notable. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:44, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Blu Aardvark. Dcarrano 17:14, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity and gratuitious non-use of the shift key. -- Etacar11   00:43, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. JamesBurns 04:23, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Kenku

Kenku (pronounced keng-KOO or  KENK-oo ) are a fictional race of bird-like humanoid creatures in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game. They have appeared in multiple editions in the game's history and became an official playable race in Volo's Guide to Monsters. They are loosely based on tengu, spiritual beings in Japanese mythology, and are most recognizable for their lack of a voice; instead of speaking themselves, they use their gift of mimicry to communicate. Jeremy Crawford, lead rules designer of the Dungeons & Dragons game, says "[they] can cleverly piece together voices and sounds they've heard to communicate".

Publication history
The kenku originally appeared as uncommon monsters in the first edition of Dungeons & Dragons 's Fiend Folio (1981). In this sourcebook, they wielded quarterstaffs or katanas, had inherent magical abilities, and could change their appearance once a month. They had slight magic resistance and were typically treated as thieves and tricksters, with a neutral or chaotic alignment.

The kenku next appeared in the second edition's Monstrous Compendium Volume Two (1989), and were reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993). This sourcebook described them as bipedal humanoid birds that used their powers to "annoy and inconvenience" humans, with average intelligence, a neutral alignment, and a secretive, thieving nature. They were also incapable of speech and communicated with birdlike squawks, and were described as being skilled at gestures and pantomime to convey their thoughts. As in their previous incarnations, they possessed a degree of magic resistance and were renowned for their crafty, malicious cunning; they were occasionally known to pass themselves off as gods to steal the offerings of worshippers.

The kenku and the kenku sneak appeared in 3.5 edition's Monster Manual III (2004). The kenku was further developed in Dragon #329 (March 2005). An adventure involving kenku appeared in Dungeon #120.

The kenku's next appearance was in the game's fourth edition in Monster Manual 2 (2009). It subsequently received an article in Dragon #411, "Winning Races: Kenku", which fleshed them out as a playable race.

The kenku most recently appears in the fifth edition in the Monster Manual, the Dungeon Master's Guide (2014), and as a playable race in Volo's Guide to Monsters. In these sourcebooks, kenku are rendered incapable of making sounds or developing ideas of their own, cursing them to steal everything from words to goods from others. They are presented as wingless, avian humanoids who were cursed by an ancient god, yearn for their lost flight and roam the world as bandits and thieves.

Physical characteristics
Kenku are commonly depicted in Dungeons & Dragons lore as short, dextrous hawk-, raven- or crow-like humanoids. In earlier editions, they possessed wings capable of flight, which were described as folding against their backs and "[could] be mistaken at a distance for a large backpack". In later editions, however, kenku lost their wings, a trait that plays into their racial backstory. They are described as having humanoid arms, with clawed talons in place of feet and hands; these talons are capable of grasping and performing fine motor tasks. They are typically covered in russet-brown, dark blue or black feathers and have black beaks and "brilliant yellow" eyes, but have a relatively humanoid build. Though more agile than humans, they tend to be physically weaker and are more suited as rogues and thieves than fighters. They have yellow eyes in earlier editions, or small black beady eyes in subsequent editions. They are light for their size due to their hollow bones. They are typically between five and seven feet in height and weigh roughly 75 pounds (32 kilograms). They often wear light, loose-fitting clothing and carry daggers or other small weapons, which they frequently conceal within their cloaks.

Unique traits
The kenku's backstory and traits are expanded upon in Volo's Guide to Monsters , in which it is explained: "Haunted by an ancient crime that robbed them of their wings, the kenku wander the world as vagabonds and burglars who live at the edge of human society." According to this version of kenku lore, the kenku once served a powerful, unnamed god, but were cursed by their former master for coveting his riches. As punishment, their wings, creativity and voices were taken away, making them a cursed race. Kenku can now only speak through precise mimicry of voices and sounds in the environment; they can never produce sounds of their own nor extrapolate other sounds to speak independently. They were also stripped of their creativity, and thus can never create original works and ideas; they are described as condemned to a life of "hopeless plagiarism". Many kenku are described as longing for the ability to fly, and perform executions by throwing their condemned from towers to mock the lost skill, often while weighed down by wooden "wings".

Alignment
In the first and second editions of Dungeons & Dragons, kenku are typically neutrally aligned. In the third edition, they are usually neutral evil. In the fourth edition, they are unaligned. In the fifth edition, they tend towards chaotic neutral.

Society
Kenku typically work in gangs, clans or groups called "flocks" in large cities, where they gather riches through theft and robbery and thrive in the underworld of urban life. They are not particularly strong, and therefore tend to use cunning rather than force. They are described as being excellent minions, scouts and spies for stronger creatures, and often appear in Dungeons & Dragons adventures as such.

Most kenku in earlier editions worship the demon prince Pazuzu, though Quorlinn is worshipped by those not so disposed toward evil. In these editions, Kenku clerics usually venerated Vecna.

 * Quorlinn is the kenku deity of trickery, disguise, and thievery. His symbol is a mask with a large false nose. Quorlinn was first detailed in the book Monster Mythology (1992), including details about his priesthood. Quorlinn appears as a typical kenku wearing a black mask and fairly nondescript clothing. Quorlinn is depicted as a likable, roguish trickster. He has a tinge of malice about him at times, but he has also aided races other than his own. He spends much of his time whining about the responsibilities imposed upon him by a race he did not choose to have created in his image.

Greyhawk
Kenku appeared in "The Forsaken Arch," an adventure in the Greyhawk setting featured in Dungeon #120. In this adventure, kenku bandits ambushed and plundered shipments of precious pearls, and were the minions of Artimus Fisk, a covetous cultist of Pazuzu.

A group of kenku fought to possess a silver statue in "Tamara Belongs to Me," one of the adventure cards in From the Ashes (1992).

In the Flanaess, kenku have been encountered from the Duchy of Berghof in the Hold of the Sea Princes, to the Gnarley Forest, to the Cairn Hills.

Forgotten Realms
Kenku appear in the Forgotten Realms setting as a race of flightless avian humanoids, described as selfish and secretive in nature. They are commonly found in human cities in southern Faerun, working as assassins, thieves, scouts and spies.

Historical inspiration
Kenku were inspired by tengu, a mythological creature from Japanese folklore that takes the form of an avian humanoid. In particular, the symbolic mask of their deity, Quorlinn, was directly inspired by the red, large-nosed masks often worn by tengu in Japanese mythology.

Reception
In a 2021 review, Comic Book Resources counted the kenku among the seven least-often used monster races in Dungeons and Dragons despite its great potential. One year before, the kenku had been rated the seventh-most powerful race in Dungeons and Dragons by the same website.

Colin McLaughlin called them one of his "favorite creatures in D&D", and found that their backstory "gives the kenku a type of humanity and sadness you rarely get to see from a splash monster page." Similarly A.V. Club reviewer Nick Wanserski found the backstory "really compelling" and that their description "as a tribe living under a curse that cost them their wings, their voice, and their creativity paints an evocative picture that would be fun to explore as a character".

Reviewer Zack Furniss found the backstory of this player character race "especially interesting" and concluded: "In effect, they’ve become living tape recorders that can only communicate with soundbites collected throughout life. How cool is that? I want to play as one right now." Cameron Kunzelmann from Paste magazine recommended to "definitely play the kenku. It's a cool crow-person who hollers and squawks and generally just owns bones all over the Forgotten Realms."

title: Kenku


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JAXASS

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:52, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

JAXASS

 * delete. Not notable. There is nothing called JAXASS except for a newly posted blog entry. This article is a way of gaining acceptance for a newly coined term. Wikipedia is no place for original research and personal opinions. — (Nomination made by Sleepyhead81.)
 * comment I'm going to guess you don't believe that jaxass.org exists either. --Sleepnomore
 * comment Updated vote reason --Sleepyhead81 07:50, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * keep There is something called JAXASS and its being defined as we speak. Just because you don't like the naming of it, doesn't mean it doesn't exist. THe domain names have been registered and a call for opinions is being devised. --Sleepnomore
 * delete. No, there is no widespread support of this term you have coined for yourself. Wikipedia is not a place to express your views or attract visitors to your blog. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia - not a blog. Please use your blog to express your own views. And please create an account instead of posting anonymously. --Sleepyhead81 11:53, 22 July 2005 (UTC) — (Duplicate vote.)
 * keep There is no "widespread" support for AJAX either in the scope of the industry. AJAX was coined by Garrett for himself, so that invalidates your second argument.  This is not simply "my" view, this is a view that has been expressed by many in the industry. JAXASS has been created out of the animosity of those supporters for REAL innovation with this technology instead of simply renaming the former technology something else. The current JAXASS call for opinions describes client-side support for standard messaging and WSE-n.  I did create my own account and haven't posted anonymously.  Just because you don't like this idea, or you have some affinity for AJAX doesn't mean that you should be able to squash information about opposing technologies. Your affinity to AJAX is proved by your own blog title "ASP, XML, AJAX, SQL, JavaScript, CSS, DOM. Marketing. 24SevenOffice", and several blog posts:, , , , , , and the list goes on:  Your opinion on this matter doesn't qualify you to make decisions on what opposing technologies are allowed to exist in wikipedia, and which do not.   You are free to blog about how much you hate JAXASS, but that doesn't negate its existence.  --Sleepnomore — (Duplicate vote.)
 * So if I am against Ajax and make up a new acronym on my blog it should be added to wikipedia? That is the key argument here. If JAXASS is added then every guy can coine these little acronyms and theories and have them added to Wikipedia. Please read [What wikipedia is not]. — (Sleepyhead81 forgot to sign.)
 * Comment Not unless it culminates into a real technology. I have three very influential Microsoft MVP's who have joined me in creating the initial call for opinions on JAXASS to replace AJAX. The difference between simply coming up with an acronym and coming up with an acronym for a competing technology is completely different. In the same line of argument, if I'm against Ruby, and I can make the argument that it doesn't have widespread support, should I just go around making calls for deletion of any wikipedia article discussing Ruby? There was no widespread support for the Betamax videocassette, but you can find information about it on Wikipedia, and its a product none the less. This is not the forum for you to voice your opinion on a technology by deleting every bit of information you find on it. --Sleepnomore
 * delete, is nonsense. Burschik 12:44, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment there were many topics that were nonsense in their day but were later shown to be gosple truth [Galileo] is one such example I've commented on below. The world being round was yet another such example.
 * As hoary and worn out example as it is irrelevant - Skysmith 09:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment Its hardly irrelevant in context of Mr Burschik's comment that it's nonsense to him. Valid analogies often do sound worn out -- mostly to those who are on the receiving end of the incontrovertible truth for which they cannot argue against.
 * Wikipedia is not a vehicle for breaking news or for dissemination of emerging new truths. It is not Wired's "memes on the rise" section. It is an encyclopedia. As such, it a vehicle for presenting generally accepted facts. Articles on controversial or disputed topics are accepted when there is a substantial body of people that accept them. We would not have accepted an article on the Copernican world system when it was first proposed. Only when it became clear that there was widespread belief in the Copernican world system, then the existence of this belief would then be an encyclopedic fact, to be reported neutrally along with the more-accepted Ptolemaic system. In any case, comparing JAXASS with Galileo seems a little... immodest. Dpbsmith (talk) 18:47, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment While I don't purport JAXASS to be a meme on the rise, I would point out that your argument falls flat when comparing against other topics such as Crazy Frog. Someone else also pointed out that Time Cube has its own topic. This is far from receiving widespread belief.  Alternatively, I point you to Branch Davidian which has no widespread beliefs, but still retains its status in wikipedia. Instead, it has a warning stating that its neutrality is disputed. This seems to lean much more toward a neutral point of view than to simply delete the topic based on the bias of several AJAX-zealots and sockpuppets who were asked to defend AJAX against the competing specification presented with JAXASS.  Your insistence on what is immodest is a matter of opinion. JAXASS is not an emerging truth as the technologies surrounding JAXASS have been available since 1998.  If you consider a 7-year old technology to be emerging, you are mistaken.
 * delete, or merge into AJAX as alternatives. Especially since "JAXASS was created as a direct antagonist" to AJAX. Mmmbeer 13:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. An "initial call for opinions" does not equate to widespread acceptance.  The difference between this and Betamax is that Betamax, though never widely used, has existed for years.  This JAXASS, however, is being "defined as we speak".  --Several Times 14:28, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research defended by sockpuppets. Dunc|☺ 14:43, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep There were no sockpuppets harmed in the making of these edits. (this comment by User:65.23.106.77)
 * comment Widespread acceptance has never been a good critieria to be against anything. Extermination of the chrisitians and jews was not widely accepted -- particularly by the christians and jews, but that didn't make the holocaust not exist.  Just because you don't believe in something doesn't mean it shouldn't exist.

 * Delete Not yet notable and the article is pure POV to the point of being a soapbox. "techno-weenie?"  NOT encyclopedic!  Whether AJAX should be listed is irrelevant.  Wikipedia is not a forum for hashing out standards or conducting software holy-wars.  Robert A West 15:58, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * comment see my comments below concerning being encyclopedic. The standard is not being hashed out here. Its being hashed out between several individuals at www.jaxass.org. This isn't a holy-war either and I resent your use of that term in light of today's political climate.  People lose their lives in holy-wars. Apple and Microsoft were involved in a struggle that is well documented. Sun and Microsoft were involved in a struggle that is well documented. Just because its contested does not call for its removal and exile.

 * From the author's page: "Obviously the specification is yet to be written". vapour-concept. Delete DJ Clayworth 15:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Can you show me the manuals for JavaOS? hmm, no? What about the software specifications for [Singularity (operating system)]? no? Not having a specification means nothing in context of being encyclopedic about technology.
 * Delete Not yet an established concept. Not yet worthy of an encyclopedia article. Gregmg 16:05, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable, non-existent (except as vaporware, and an attack page. Defender is also abusing the VfD system, link spamming related pages and posting highly POV commments re this page. --Icelight 16:10, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, vaporware, attack page. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  16:29, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment please see my comments about vaporware below.
 * Delete So what if someone put a name to it. AJAX is much more friendlier of a name than XMLHTTP (bleh).  AJAX is something that people are actually using.  If anything, put this as a footnote to AJAX because that's all it is. — (Unsigned comment by 24.167.224.238; user's 1st edit.)
 * keep What does the above comment have to do with the merrits of this article? You may agree with the naming of AJAX instead of XMLHTTP, but that doesn't negate the existence of JAXASS. — (duplicate vote)
 * Strong delete, neologism/original research plus abuse of process. Dcarrano 17:19, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, this is no more neologic than any other acronym when it was originally created. SNMP, SMTP, AJAX, BASIC, COBOL, HTTP, HTML, XML, XAML, AWK, SED, and the list goes on. These were all new at one point and are noteworthy. — (Yet another duplicate vote by Sleepnomore.)
 * keep So something being vaporware is a cause for deletion? We need to delete all of these, and many more then too: Windows Vista WinFS Project Xanadu Duke Nukem Forever Phantom Gaming System. Simply because something is still in development does not mean it deserves deletion.— (duplicate vote)
 * Delete. "JAXASS is currently in infancy and its specifications are yet to be released." Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. This is precisely the kind of article at which that policy is directed. When it has been released and a good case can be made for its importance and its notability, we can consider an article on it. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for promoting projects, however worthy, that are "in infancy." Dpbsmith (talk) 19:09, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep The request to delete this article does not lean toward a neutral point of view. Deleting this article would be strictly one-sided -- favoring AJAXians. I'm willing to concede that this article can use some cleanup and will continue to maintain this article as the project rolls forward.  I'm also willing to remove links to this topic from AJAX until such time as adoption is more widespread.  While the acronym for this project is somewhat farcical, the concepts behind this technology far outweighs that of AJAX and other similar projects/technologies that have undisputed mention on Wikipedia. — (Unsigned comment by [[User:65.23.106.77|65.23.106.77)
 * We're not voting delete because of objections to the term, or of the name of the article, or of the technology itself, or of you as an editor. We're voting delete because we find that the technology is not suited for inclusion in an encyclopedia, being a term and technology that is not of widespread use or knowledge. That being said, I vote delete as well. Scott5114 21:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * By the way, please don't vote more than once - comments added after your original vote should start with Comment. Scott5114 21:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * My sincerest appologies. I am new to the voting concept. I have since gone back and re-read the voting guidelines. Thanks for pointing my mistake out, however. I took the lead from Sleepyhead who voted twice, so I assumed this was the way to respond. It is my fault for assuming anything.
 * commentI understand the apprehension at the existence of this topic in the encyclopedia. Several arguments revolve around the technology being vaporware or in its infancy. Those issues have been addressed by pointing out other vaporware topics listed in wikipedia.  Others have argued that the idea isn't widespread enough to exist in the online encyclopedia. I argue once again that other projects such as JavaOS and Singularity (operating_system) exist on Wikipedia that aren't widespread because it doesn't exist.  One could argue that while JavaOS is vaporware, the Java language is not. Or that while the C# operating system doesn't exist, it's technological foundations do.  Is that not the case with JAXASS?  The technical foundations exist, but the concept is still being developed -- just as many other wikipedia-listed topics are.  This topic is being hotly contested, in my opinion by a COS (call-for-sockpuppets). Its also being slightly contested because its a direct competitor of AJAX which is obviously well-liked by those of you voting for deletion.  While I can sympathize with your plight, the widespread propaganda flair-up of one technology does not negate the need for clarification of another.
 * keep The request to delete this is silly. This is a really cool concept and am looking forward to working with it.  I know more than a few other Microsoft Most Valuable Professionals other than myself that are very excited about this and it definitely should be kept
 * delete This is one guy with an ax to grind trying to use Wikipedia as his platform.
 * comment Just because something came into existence for reasons you disapprove of does not mean it shouldn't exist. One could argue that the word nigger appears in the encyclopedia because someone has an axe to grid with a race. You could make the argument that Hitler appears here because one guy was very anti-semetic -- having an axe to grind with Jews. Java itself came from one guys hatred of a conglomeration of of tools.
 * "Patrick Naughton, an engineer at Sun, had become increasingly frustrated with the state of Sun's C++ and C APIs and tools."
 * Having an axe to grind doesn't disqualify something from its useful place on Wikipedia.
 * All of you are reaching at this point. No one has made a valid, unemotional case for deletion of this topic. At best, you can now join me in editing this topic to match the current state of the technology and help me maintain the topic as it grows in popularity.

 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. --ZappaZ [[Image:Yin_yang.svg|12px]] 02:31, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * comment The term encyclopedic keeps popping up, so lets define that from
 * Main Entry: en·cy·clo·pe·dic
 * Variant(s): also en·cy·clo·pae·dic /-'pE-dik/
 * Function: adjective
 * of, relating to, or suggestive of an encyclopedia or its methods of treating or covering a subject : COMPREHENSIVE
 * How can you suggest comprehensive coverage without inclusion of terms so consequential to the industry. 50 years from now, when someone looks back at wikipedia, how can they get the full picture without inclusion of this term?
 * Alternatively, lets define encyclopedic from the very system we are debating on:
 * Encyclopedia - An encyclopedia (alternatively encyclopaedia/encyclopædia) is a written [compendium] of [knowledge].
 * compendium - A compendium is a comprehensive compilation of a body of knowledge. A compendium usually contains principal heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system.
 * knowledge - Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in the form of experience or learning (a posteriori), or through introspection (a priori). Knowledge is an appreciation of the possession of interconnected details which, in isolation, are of lesser value.
 * Based on this, your own definition of encyclopedia claims to be comprehensive - containing the full body of knowledge. And by knowledge, we are to include something such as JAXASS, which, in isolation is of lesser value in your opinion.
 * This is no different than the work of [Galileo]. This is a hotly contested and widely controversial topic. Many refuse to have it published as it goes against the core of what you believe in -- despite having truth and backhand support from many true technological intellectuals. And now you hold a 5-day inquisition where I'm forced to try to defend myself simply because I published a truth that you don't care to hear. As cardinals in the inquisition, you would have been threatening [Galileo] with torture until he begged for forgiveness and recanted his findings.
 * You state this isn't encyclopedic, but I say wikipedia isn't encyclopedic without [JAXASS] as a topic that will continue to expand in the next few months and years to come.

 * delete Wikipedia is not a soapbox specifically states that Wikipedia articles are not for "proposing theories and solutions, original ideas, defining terms, coining new words." I believe this should in itself be enough support for deletion, with no further discussion, but so much more support can be found at What wikipedia is not

 * comment And the fact that AJAX was defined a month after being posted on a blog, and before widespread adoption of the word was in place doesn't bother you? There was no hot contestation of that term as it was placed on wikipedia. The original idea wasn't posted on wikipedia. The original idea was conceived locally between several technology professionals, manifested on my blog, and only then brought to the forefront in [wikipedia].  I'm not proposing a new solution here, the solution is already proposed on my blog. This topic is here, just as any other piece of knowledge, to make wikipedia comprehensive. Also, we are not defining terms here.  This topic details the information known about an existing technology. --Sleepnomore

 * comment why even discuss this, this article arguably falls under Criteria for Speedy Deletion: it's short and insulting. Just look at the first external link: AJAX = FRAUD.  This goes beyond insulting, its defamatory and possibly grounds for legal action.  If the author wants to leave himself open to that on his own blog, that's his own business, but, without looking at the specific criteria, it seems to me that exposing a third party to such risk should be grounds for not just deleting the article, but banning the user
 * comment how about you not post that anonymously? I do post this on my own blog and I would dare anyone to find some grounds to file suit against me for posting about a project that was concieved in response to the term AJAX. Anyone can be sued for anything. That's both a good and bad concept of many legal systems. I could sue wikipedia for censorship and harrasment based on this very topic, and I believe many of the points I've made give those charges good grounding. I wont do it. I'd prefer to just show how assinine many of you are by proving you wrong over the next few months. Based on that, sure, I could be sued too, but that doesn't give it grounds and that isn't a reason for deletion from wikipedia.
 * comment censorship and harassment?! HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
 * comment Actually, if I had intended that as a threat, I can see how you would consider that to be troll bait, but it was used in contrast to your actualized trollbaiting -- stating that I should be sued and banned for simply making a topic based on the new technology JAXASS. Your accusation of troll baiting, therefor doesn't fit me. HOwever, what does fit you is the term Sock puppet.  Noting that your IP address hasn't posted on any topics other than this or/or vandalism of another page (AJAX).--Sleepnomore
 * comment If I'm trollbait, how come I reeled YOU in, considering how you read way too much into my posts. I don't think you should be sued, but I think you are unnecessarily putting yourself into a position where you could be.  Your accusation of sock puppeteering is hard to support, considering I haven't used an alternate identity to vote twice on this page: rather, it is to protect myself against possible reprisal by you.  You've never threatened such agaisnt anybody, but you seem that unstable to me.  On the other hand, your accusation of page vandalism is entirely baseless but not entirely unexpected, and, in my opinion, is yet something else to consider when wikipedia considers not only removing your inane article, but also banning you, which may well follow.  Friendly advice dude: you are NOT going to win.
 * comment Fair enough. I wish you luck, but if I "don't win", neither does the community that won't be able to find information out about JAXASS from wikipedia. In that aspect, you are right, I don't win, and neither does anyone else if this topic is deleted.
 * Delete Google returns only 11 hits for JAXASS ajax. Recreate the article if the term ever becomes popular. Rrreese 00:24, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The Time Cube has better proof of its existence than JAXASS does. Take your petty battles to Usenet.
 * comment Which, of course, has its own wikipedia topic (Time Cube)
 * Delete - irrelevant, definitely original "research", POV advocacy or marketing, sockpuppets, not to mention unnecessary hyberbolic comments - Skysmith 09:24, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The notion exists; the ideas, although vague, at least have the right to exist. I'd suggest to return and reconsider it in a year or two. --Vlad Patryshev 21:31, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The right to exist does not imply the right to have an encyclopedia article. Wikipedia is not a general knowledge base. Nobody is entitled to use Wikipedia as a launching pad for their ideas. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

"Wikipedia is not a democracy". All issues brought up by those voting to delete have been addressed with comments and are invalid reasons for deletion. Several topics of similar circumstances exist without contestation on wikipedia. --Sleepyhead81 12:03, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment. Clearly this article should be deleted.
 * comment. Clearly this topic should remain. --Sleepnomore
 * comment. Wikipedia may not be a democracy, but "The votes are a means to gauge consensus", and the consensus is indisputably and overwhelmingly for deletion. Especially considering that you are incorrect in asserting that "all issues....have been addressed".  For instance, "NPOV is absolute and non-negotiable".  In order to assure a neutral point of view, in my opinion you would have to significantly rewrite the article.  Bear in mind, this just seems to be the one objection you haven't attempted to refute.  You've addressed most of the other objections, but obviously not to anybody's satisfaction but your own.  I don't even think you'd find consensus for a rewrite, but that might be one compromise approach you could pursue.
 * comment. This from the same guy who vandalized the page and then tried to put it back as he found it? A neutral point of view is definitely possible with this topic should we start discussing the changes rather than deleting information simply because you like another technology better.  I said it before (see below) and I'll say it again, I'm willing to come up with a neutral solution that better suits the needs of those around, but I'm not willing to concede that deletion is the appropriate response to this topic. --Sleepnomore
 * comment. NPOV has to do with articles themselves. You don't like what I have to say, so you attack me.  It's a microcosm of your whole JAXASS concept.  Can we expect a Wikipedia article from you about every single thing you dislike?  Where does it stop?
 * comment I haven't attacked anyone or what they have to say. This article isn't JUST about my not liking AJAX.  The fact that this is how the technology started was important to the article about the technology so I included it. Due to criticism from this procedure, I've parred that aspect of the technology down on the page.  And, no, I don't expect you to see an article about everyone's opinion -- that's what blogs and rant pages are for.  However, when that criticism becomes a competing technology, it is noteworthy. --Sleepnomore
 * comment To me it seems like you are trying real hard to seem reasonable and say the right things, but your actions contradict your words.  Your tendency for insisting on having the last word, for instance, to me indicates that you will not be able to adhere to NPOV, try as you might.
 * comment I make no appologies for defending the topic, nor for stating what needs to be said when false accusations are made. If that requires me to respond to every comment provided in this delete request, so be it.--Sleepnomore
 * comment Case in point.  Nobody's making "accusations".  This, and your sweeping characterization of same as "false" continue to demonstrate your seeming inability to adopt NPOV
 * comment The very nature of attaching possessive pronouns to negative connotation with myself, rather than the article, acting as the anticedent is accusatory by its very definition. If you believed otherwise, your second observation in the foregoing comment would not have been necessary.  I have no objection to the accusations provided they are accompanied with outright claim and admittance so long as my recriminations are also indulged. Backhanded aggression doesn't help your argument, however. You continue to make my point that this process, at least for this topic, is close if not spot-on absurd.  I can defend the merrits of the topic all day, but remarks such as, "to me indicates that you will not be able to adhere to NPOV" continue to lean towards clarvoyance which is definitely out of my area of expertise. If we could get this discussion away from your psychological assessments about my future behavior, and back to the topic at hand, I think you'll find that I'm extremely reasonable with regard to how the article is prsented.  I've already made some modification based on comments here.  While I can promise nothing about personality disorders you attribute to me, I will be more than happy to continue the pattern of effective and constructive modification in regards to the article. --Sleepnomore

Please take this back-and-forth somewhere else, such as user talk pages. This discussion is for the article, not for disputes between users. android 79  03:14, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment. Actually it's been kind of fascinating to see the one and only proponent of this article "in action" as it were.

 * comment Please add comments at the end of the article. This vote for deletion is for the entire article - not specific items in the article. --Sleepyhead81 19:25, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment much like the deletion for your companies advertisement was called for deletion but failed for whatever reason. Clearly you lost that vote 3 to 0 but the article . I'm replacing my comment at the top so its clearly visible to the administrator and replacing the comment type as rewrite --Sleepnomore

 * Keep Is there even one valid argument against it? It's every bit as valid as so many other items here, I honestly can't believe that deleting it is being debated this hotly. -- Vote by user 24.214.184.231
 * comment Unfortunately this is yet another time you are wrong. This was not a vote by me
 * comment. Funny how that user also added a link to your blog as well. The user was: . --Sleepyhead81 15:23, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment Which if your ever-so astute mind would pay attention, I speedily removed. If you look at the talk page for JAXASS, you'll see why. You continue to be wrong and grasp at straws. You've reverted to playing a guess-who's-who game rather than debate your ideas for deleting this topic.  You still fail to make a valid point.  I would also point out that before I even started this topic on wikipedia, I looked up AJAX and saw someone placed an external link to my blog before I decided to post my own article about the topic.  While I didn't add that blog post to the links section initially, I later returned and modified this entry so it looked cleaner.  If you'll note in the AJAX history since my AJAX=FRAUD blog came out, there have been several posts to that page that made the same argument I did. Such as "ajax is not a new approach"-[User:12.33.211.29], "what this link said" -[User:219.95.215.178], "Definitelly not new to us, we have used in various interactive tasks including server-push (experimental implementation of publisher subscribe)." - [User:63.166.226.84], etc.  I suppose you would attribute all of those to me as well. But once again, you'd be wrong.  I find it funny that you are even acting in this capacity to ask that a topic be deleted when you have overzealously used Wikipedia as your own advertising platform -- adding links to 247 office everywhere that you possibly could.  Wikipedia is not your personal opportunity to put up ads for your company. Sleepnomore 00:16, August 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment I can't see there has been a rewrite of the article. Only minor changes has been done. Besides, this vote for deletion is regarding whether 'JAXASS' should be included in wikipedia or not. --Sleepyhead81 15:48, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

 * delete Obviously no community support for this. One person using wikipedia to try to gain legitimacy for a non-notable idea. Vote by User 80.58.11.107.
 * comment so far, I've managed to gain the support of at least 4 people with myself. - Sleepnomore
 * delete Honestly you can't expect to be taken seriously with that offensive name jaxass...85.101.166.181 18:01, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment I don't expect anything other than to create a technology. Its up to you to take the name for what its worth. If it makes you sleep any better, one of the most well-feared/respected remote adimiinstration products was named Back Orifice and it had a very offensive name and logo. Sleepnomore 22:39, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment Respected? You sound like a hacker. A trojan horse may deserve an article just as a disease does. Is your product in that category? On second thought, I don't wanna mess with you now that my IP is exposed.
 * comment. Can someone please make a decision on this vote? Sleepnomore is not only advocating his point of view but has now began repetitive vandalism of this page by adding his comment at the top of the page. New comments go at the end of the article. --Sleepyhead81 18:41, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep The article needs a lot of work, but it should exist. Mark it with a "Current Events" tag. Edit it yourself if you feel that a biased POV is being introduced. Perhaps this article and other articles like AJAX need to be merged into an article about the ongoing development of this sort of software (I don't know what term to use, and I don't care, because VFD pages are about the merits of the article as an encyclopia entry, not the viability of the subject matter of the article). If we delete this article, what happens when a user out there in the world comes to Wikipedia looking for information on this topic, which he or she encountered in some other context? Users are developing a reasonable expectation of finding reliable information about a wide range of topics here. When no article exists for a topic, they end up disappointed. We should seek not to disappoint. I say keep this article, but bring it up to standard. Deleting is so permanent. If you wonder what my credentials are to support this opinion, I have a BA in History and am an U.S. Army officer engaged in the defense of freedom (location immaterial) that makes it possible for projects like Wikipedia to exist. I would like to see some of the delete proponents state their bona fides so that we can evaluate how much weight to give their opinion on this structure-of-the-Wikipedia discussion (as compared to the propensity to discuss the relative merits of JAXASS, JAVA, et.al.). And lets remember to assume good faith --Mddake 23:54, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * rewrite I've modified the contents of this article over the past few days. I've removed several of the objectionable items and added additional material. Sleepnomore 17:51, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment Since adding this comment Sleepyhead81 has vandalized it four times (see history). He has removed this comment and changed the text of it in all cases. Furthermore, my article was completely wiped by him and it had to be restored by someone else. This has gotten out of hand. This article deserves to stay and the VfD needs to be removed immediately. Sleepnomore 21:43, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment. You can make comments and state your view - but please do not lie. I have never wiped out the JAXASS article. This vote for deletion page follows the talk page guidelines which specifically says: "Proceed vertically: Within each topic, the further down the contribution to talk, the later it was made.". So your comment should go at the bottom of this page. Please do not move it to the top as it is against the guidelines. --Sleepyhead81 07:29, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * comment - I'm no more lying about your wiping the page than you are lying about other contributors. My page was wiped twice by an anonymous IP. I can speculate it was you just the same as you can openly speculate that the other "keep" comments are my sockpuppets.   In the spirit of NPOV, I'll keep my comment down here although I highly disagree with your agressive edits. In the future, if you have a problem with my wiki-behavior, I suggest you use my talk page and 'REQUEST' that I change the behavior, citing wikipedia policy with links. Sleepnomore 08:03, August 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment***** Hey Jaxass - yeah YOU. I deleted your bs page, knowing that it would get automatically restored instantaneously because this IP address is banned from deleting.  You accusing someone else is just par for the course.  You have proven yourself not only to be unwilling to listen to reason, but also to be unable to recognize it.  You are obviously on a crusade and to not delete YOUR article (yes, yours, and only yours) is to let wikipedia go to the dogs, so to speak.
 * Strong Delete - it's a software project whose offical website doesn't even provide a way to download the code - this is not notable. Come back when you have 1000 users.  JesseW 09:02, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * comment - AJAX itself was created a month after Garrett "coined the term". It wasn't notable, it didn't have 1000 users (at least not calling it AJAX), and didn't have a download. Once again, a swing and a miss at a real reason to delete this entry. Sleepnomore 13:06, August 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * comment*** "swing and a miss", condescending and POV
 * Delete. Self-promotion, premature. --Michael Snow 03:41, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Original research. Self-promotion. --213.179.58.29 08:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JAXASS


text:
User:Owen/RfA

Sarge Baldy
Hi! I've been around since mid-September 2003 and have 778 (assuming I counted correctly) edits to my name. True, the vast majority of these are minor fixes but in the long run minor fixes are nearly as important as major additions if you're trying to make a professional-looking encyclopedia. If you look through my contributions you'll see I messed up a few times when I was new (uploading images without citing a source, and/or was too trusting something was in the public domain) but I know what's going on now. Oh yeah, and being something of a spelling and grammar nazi I'm a member of the Wikipedia Typo Team. I've started a few articles too (all of which are listed in my talk page), although these aren't anything terribly special. So yeah, support me or not, I'm going to be around for a while :) Sarge Baldy 06:54, Jan 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Credentials and edit history look great. silsor 07:40, Jan 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. I admit I havn't seen you around much, but this is a big place. Anyways I looked at your cotributions and I found nothing but good, fixing those little mistakes people like me make from time to time, adding content and writing articles as well. Jack 11:32, 25 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Support 100%. I've interacted with him and the experience was totally painless. →Raul654 18:05, Jan 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. - Hephaestos 06:30, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Owen/RfA


text:
Dina Tersago

Dina Tersago (born 3 January 1979 in Puurs, Antwerp) is a Belgian actress and beauty pageant titleholder who She was crowned Miss Belgium 2001 and represented her country at both Miss Universe 2001 and Miss World 2001.

She is now a TV personality, hosting Boer zkt. Vrouw, Superhond 2007 en Superhond 2008 and starring in the fictional soap Brix and Bongers, introduced in Het Geslacht De Pauw, alongside Bart De Pauw, afterwards he was replaced by Tom Van Landuyt. She was the host of health and fitness programme Let's Get Physical which began in 2013.

title: Dina Tersago


text:
Adaptation model of nursing

In 1976, Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing, a prominent nursing theory. Nursing theories frame, explain or define the practice of nursing. Roy's model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems (biological, psychological and social). The individual strives to maintain a balance between these systems and the outside world, but there is no absolute level of balance. Individuals strive to live within a unique band in which he or she can cope adequately.

Overview of the theory
This model comprises the four domain concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing; it also involves a six-step nursing process. Andrews & Roy (1991) state that the person can be a representation of an individual or a group of individuals. Roy's model sees the person as "a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment". The person is an open, adaptive system who uses coping skills to deal with stressors. Roy sees the environment as "all conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and behaviour of the person". Roy describes stressors as stimuli and uses the term residual stimuli to describe those stressors whose influence on the person is not clear. Originally, Roy wrote that health and illness are on a continuum with many different states or degrees possible. More recently, she states that health is the process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person. Roy's goal for nursing is "the promotion of adaptation in each of the four modes, thereby contributing to the person's health, quality of life and dying with dignity". These four modes are physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence.

Roy employs a six-step nursing process: assessment of behaviour; assessment of stimuli; nursing diagnosis; goal setting; intervention and evaluation. In the first step, the person's behaviour in each of the four modes is observed. This behaviour is compared with norms and is deemed either adaptive or ineffective. The second step is concerned with factors that influence behaviour. Stimuli are classified as focal, contextual or residual. The nursing diagnosis is the statement of the ineffective behaviours along with the identification of the probable cause. This is typically stated as the nursing problem related to the focal stimuli, forming a direct relationship. In the fourth step, goal setting is the focus. Goals need to be realistic and attainable and are set in collaboration with the person. There are usually both short term and long-term goals that the nurse sets for the patient. Intervention occurs as the fifth step, and this is when the stimuli are manipulated. It is also called the 'doing phase'. In the final stage, evaluation takes place. The degree of change as evidenced by change in behaviour, is determined. Ineffective behaviours would be reassessed, and the interventions would be revised.

The model had its inception in 1964 when Roy was a graduate student. She was challenged by nursing faculty member Dorothy E. Johnson to develop a conceptual model for nursing practice. Roy's model drew heavily on the work of Harry Helson, a physiologic psychologist. The Roy adaptation model is generally considered a "systems" model; however, it also includes elements of an "interactional" model. The model was developed specifically for the individual client, but it can be adapted to families and to communities (Roy, 1983). Roy states (Clements and Roberts, 1983) that "just as the person as an adaptive system has input, output. and internal processes so too the family can be described from this perspective."

Basic to Roy's model are three concepts: the human being, adaptation, and nursing. The human being is viewed as a biopsychosocial being who is continually interacting with the environment. The human being's goal through this interaction is adaptation. According to Roy and Roberts (1981, p. 43), ‘The person has two major internal processing subsystems, the regulator and the cognator." These subsystems are the mechanisms used by human beings to cope with stimuli from the internal and external environment. The regulator mechanism works primarily through the autonomic nervous system and includes endocrine, neural, and perception pathways. This mechanism prepares the individual for coping with environmental stimuli. The cognator mechanism includes emotions, perceptual/information processing, learning, and judgment. The process of perception bridges the two mechanisms (Roy and Roberts, 1981).

Types of Stimuli

 * Three types of stimuli influence an individual's ability to cope with the environment. These include focal stimuli, contextual stimuli, and residual stimuli. Focal stimuli are those that immediately confront the individual in a particular situation. Focal stimuli for a family include individual needs; the level of family adaptation; and changes within the family members, among the members and in the family environment (Roy, 1983). Contextual stimuli are those other stimuli that influence the situation. Residual stimuli include the individual's beliefs or attitudes that may influence the situation. Many times this is the nurse's "hunch" about other factors that can affect the problem. Contextual and residual stimuli for a family system include nurturance, socialization, and support (Roy, 1983). Adaptation occurs when the total stimuli fall within the individual's/family's adaptive capacity, or zone of adaptation. The inputs for a family include all of the stimuli that affect the family as a group. The outputs of the family system are three basic goals: survival, continuity, and growth (Roy, 1983). Roy states (Clements and Roberts, 1983):
 * Since adaptation level results from the pooled effect of all other relevant stimuli, the nurse examines the contextual and residual stimuli associated with the focal stimulus to ascertain the zone within which positive family coping can take place and to predict when the given stimulus is outside that zone and will require nursing intervention.

Four Modes of Adaptation
Levine believes that an individual's adaptation occurs in four different modes. This also holds true for families (Hanson, 1984). These include the physiologic mode, the self-concept mode, the role function mode, and the interdependence mode.

The individual's regulator mechanism is involved primarily with the physiologic mode, whereas the cognator mechanism is involved in all four modes (Roy and Roberts, 1981). The family goals correspond to the model's modes of adaptation: survival = physiologic mode; growth = self-concept mode; continuity = role function mode. Transactional patterns fall into the interdependence mode (Clements and Roberts, 1983).

In the physiologic mode, adaptation involves the maintenance of physical integrity. Basic human needs such as nutrition, oxygen, fluids, and temperature regulation are identified with this mode (Fawcett, 1984). In assessing a family, the nurse would ask how the family provides for the physical and survival needs of the family members. A function of the self-concept mode is the need for maintenance of psychic integrity. Perceptions of one's physical and personal self are included in this mode. Families also have concepts of themselves as a family unit. Assessment of the family in this mode would include the amount of understanding provided to the family members, the solidarity of the family, the values of the family, the amount of companionship provided to the members, and the orientation (present or future) of the family (Hanson, 1984).

The need for social integrity is emphasized in the role function mode. When human beings adapt to various role changes that occur throughout a lifetime, they are adapting in this mode. According to Hanson (1984), the family's role can be assessed by observing the communication patterns in the family. Assessment should include how decisions are reached, the roles and communication patterns of the members, how role changes are tolerated, and the effectiveness of communication (Hanson, 1984). For example, when a couple adjusts their lifestyle appropriately following retirement from full-time employment, they are adapting in this mode.

The need for social integrity is also emphasized in the interdependence mode. Interdependence involves maintaining a balance between independence and dependence in one's relationships with others. Dependent behaviors include affection seeking, help seeking, and attention seeking. Independent behaviors include mastery of obstacles and initiative taking. According to Hanson (1984), when assessing this mode in families, the nurse tries to determine how successfully the family lives within a given community. The nurse would assess the interactions of the family with the neighbors and other community groups, the support systems of the family, and the significant others (Hanson, 1984).

The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation of the client during both health and illness in all four of the modes. Actions of the nurse begin with the assessment process, The family is assessed on two levels. First, the nurse makes a judgment with regard to the presence or absence of maladaptation. Then, the nurse focuses the assessment on the stimuli influencing the family's maladaptive behaviors. The nurse may need to manipulate the environment, an element or elements of the client system, or both in order to promote adaptation.

Many nurses, as well as schools of nursing, have adopted the Roy adaptation model as a framework for nursing practice. The model views the client in a holistic manner and contributes significantly to nursing knowledge. The model continues to undergo clarification and development by the author.

Applying Roy’s Model to Family Assessment
When using Roy's model as a theoretical framework, the following can serve as a guide for the assessment of families.
 * I. Adaptation Modes
 * A. Physiologic Mode
 * 1. To what extent is the family able to meet the basic survival needs of its members?
 * 2. Are any family members having difficulty meeting basic survival needs?
 * B. Self-Concept Mode
 * 1. How does the family view itself in terms of its ability to meet its goals and to assist its members to achieve their goals? To what extent do they see themselves as self-directed? Other directed?
 * 2. What are the values of the family?
 * 3. Describe the degree of companionship and understanding given to the family members
 * C. Role Function Mode
 * 1. Describe the roles assumed by the family members.
 * 2. To what extent are the family roles supportive, in conflict, reflective of role overload?
 * 3. How are family decisions reached?
 * D. Interdependence Mode
 * 1. To what extent are family members and subsystems within the family allowed to be independent in goal identification and achievement (e.g., adolescents)?
 * 2. To what extent are the members supportive of one another?
 * 3. What are the family's support systems? Significant others?
 * 4. To what extent is the family open to information and assistance from outside the family unit? Willing to assist other families outside the family unit?
 * 5. Describe the interaction patterns of the family In the community.
 * II. Adaptive Mechanisms
 * A. Regulator: Physical status of the family in terms of health? i.e., nutritional state, physical strength, availability of physical resources
 * B. Cognator: Educational level, knowledge base of family, source of decision making, power base, degree of openness in the system to input, ability to process
 * III. Stimuli
 * A. Focal
 * 1. What are the major concerns of the family at this time?
 * 2. What are the major concerns of the individual members?
 * 3. This is usually related to the nursing diagnoses or the main stimuli causing the problem behaviors. It is important for the nurse to try to fix this before they can fix the problem behaviors as they are related to each other.
 * B. Contextual
 * 1. What elements in the family structure, dynamic, and environment are impinging on the manner and degree to which the family can cope with and adapt to their major concerns (i.e., financial and physical resources, presence or absence of support systems, clinical setting and so on)?
 * These can be either negative or positive as it relates to the main nursing problem.
 * C. Residual
 * 1. What knowledge, skills, beliefs, and values of this family must be considered as the family attempts to adapt (i.e., stage of development, cultural background, spiritual/religious beliefs, goals, expectations)? This is normally an assumption that the nurse has that could impact care. One could describe it as one's educational guess about something going on in the patient's life that could be further contributing to the problem.

The nurse assesses the degree to which the family's actions in each mode are leading to positive coping and adaptation to the focal stimuli. If coping and adaptation are not health promoting, assessment of the types of stimuli and the effectiveness of the regulators provides the basis for the design of nursing interventions to promote adaptation.

By answering each of these questions in each assessment, a nurse can have a full understanding of the problem's a patient may be having. It is important to recognize each stimuli because without it, not every aspect of the person's problem can be confronted and fixed. As a nurse, it is their job to recognize all of these modes, mechanisms, and stimuli while taking care of a patient. They do so through the use of their advanced knowledge of the nursing process as well as with interviews with the individuals and the family members.

Callista Roy maintains there are four main adaptation systems, which she calls modes of adaptation. She calls these the 1. the physiological - physical system 2. the self-concept group identity system 3. the role mastery/function system 4. the interdependency system.

title: Adaptation model of nursing


text:
Centaury

Centaury is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 * Centaurea, a genus in the Asteraceae containing species sometimes called centaury
 * Centaurium, a genus in the Gentianaceae containing species commonly called centaury
 * Gyrandra, a genus formerly included in Centaurium, with species commonly called centaury
 * Schenkia, a genus formerly included in Centaurium, with species commonly called centaury
 * Zeltnera, a New World genus formerly included in Centaurium, with species commonly called centaury
 * Cheirolophus crassifolius, a species in the Asteraceae commonly known as Maltese centaury
 * Sabatia, a New World genus in the Gentianaceae containing species sometimes called centaury

title: Centaury


text: User talk:62.16.129.77

title: User talk:62.16.129.77