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Baltimore riot of 1968

The Baltimore riot of 1968 was a period of civil unrest that lasted from April 6 to April 14, 1968, in Baltimore. The uprising included crowds filling the streets, burning and looting local businesses, and confronting the police and national guard.

The immediate cause of the riot was the April 4 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, which triggered unrest in over 100 cities across the United States. These events are sometimes described as the Holy Week Uprising.

Spiro Agnew, the Governor of Maryland, called out thousands of National Guard troops and 500 Maryland State Police to quell the disturbance. When it was determined that the state forces could not control the rebellion, Agnew requested Federal troops from President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Background
Between World War II and 1968, Baltimore had changed demographically. The total population remained constant, but the black percentage of the total population had grown, while other populations shrank (a shift of 200,000 people). Black communities had sub-par housing, high rates of infant mortality, and more crime. They also suffered disproportionately from the decline in Baltimore's manufacturing sector. Black unemployment was more than double the national rate, and even higher in especially poor communities. Those who did have jobs were paid less and worked in unsafe conditions.

Course of events
With the spread of civil disturbances across the nation, Maryland National Guard troops were called up for state duty on April 5, 1968, in anticipation of disturbances in Baltimore or the suburban portions of Maryland bordering Washington, D.C.

Black Baltimore was quiet on April 5, despite riots in nearby Washington, D.C. One white student at UMBC reported a quiet scene, with noticeable sadness, but little violence or unrest: April 5, "in many cases, was just another day".

Baltimore remained peaceful into the day on April 6. Three hundred people gathered peacefully around noon for a memorial service, which lasted until 2 p.m. without incident. Street traffic began to increase. A crowd formed on Gay St. in East Baltimore, and by 5 p.m. some windows on the 400 block had been smashed. Police began to move in. People began to report fires after 6 p.m. Soon after, the city declared a 10 p.m. curfew and called in 6,000 troops from the national guard. Sales of alcohol and firearms were immediately banned. At this point, some reports described about a thousand people in the crowd, which moved north on Gay St. up to Harford Rd. and Greenmount Ave. Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro III was unable to respond effectively. Around 8 p.m., Governor Agnew declared a state of emergency.

Many Black Businesses managed to avoid the destruction by painting the words "Soul Brother" on their doors or windows, and the rioters knew not to attack that business.

By the morning of April 7, reports to the White House described five deaths, 300 fires, and 404 arrests. Unrest also broke out on Pennsylvania Ave in West Baltimore. At one point, white counter-rioters assembled near Patterson Park; they dispersed after National Guard troops prevented them from entering a black neighborhood.

Violence decreased after April 9, and the Baltimore Orioles played their opening game the next day, though the April 12 James Brown concert remained cancelled. On the afternoon of April 9, federal troops dispersed crowds at a permitted peace rally, apparently unaware that General Gelston had issued a permit for the event. The situation was defused by Major William "Box" Harris, the highest-ranking police officer in the city.

Military response
When violent protest broke out in Baltimore on April 6, nearly the entire Maryland National Guard, both Army and Air, were called up to deal with the unrest. The notable exceptions were the state's air defense units (which manned surface-to-air missile sites around the state), those units already on duty in the Washington, D.C., area, and a unit positioned in Cambridge, Maryland (the site of race riots in 1963 and 1967). The Adjutant General of Maryland, Major General George M. Gelston, commanded the National Guard force and also was given control of local and state police forces in the city (approximately 1,900 police officers).

The combined National Guard and police force proved unable to contain the uprising. On Sunday, April 7, federal troops were requested, and the President invoked the Insurrection Act of 1807. Late that evening, elements of the XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, began arriving on the scene, while several Marine units from Camp Lejeune were put on standby status. With the intervention of federal forces, the Maryland National Guard was called into federal duty, resulting in a shift from state control (reporting to the Governor of Maryland) to federal control (reporting through the Army chain of command to the President). The federal force, Task Force Baltimore, was organized into three brigades and a reserve. These were (roughly), the XVIII Airborne Corps troops, the Maryland National Guard, and troops from the 197th Infantry Brigade from Fort Benning, Georgia (which arrived two days later). The 1,300 troops of the Maryland Air National Guard were organized in a provisional battalion and used to guard critical infrastructure throughout the city, as well as an ad hoc detention facility at the Baltimore Civic Center. Task Force Baltimore peaked at 11,570 Army and National Guard troops on April 9, of which all but about 500 were committed to riot control duties.

Unrest continued for several days as the Task Force sought to reassert control. Early on April 12, federal troops began to depart and by 6 p.m. that evening responsibility for riot control returned to the National Guard. At midnight Task Force Baltimore ceased to exist and the remainder of federal troops were withdrawn. Maryland National Guard troops remained on duty in the city until April 14, when Agnew declared the emergency over and sent them home.

After action reports credited both the National Guard and active Army forces for being extremely disciplined and restrained in dealing with the disturbance, with only four shots fired by National Guard troops and two by active Army troops. These forces had received orders to avoid firing their weapons, as part of an intentional strategy to decrease fatalities.

A total of 10,956 troops had been deployed.

Organization of Task Force Baltimore

 * Task Force XVIII Abcar
 * 4th Battalion, 39th Artillery Regiment
 * 4th Battalion, 73rd Artillery Regiment
 * 47th Engineer Battalion
 * Task Force 197
 * 1st Battalion, 29th Infantry Regiment
 * 1st Battalion, 58th Infantry Regiment
 * 5th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment
 * Task Force Oscar
 * Task Force Emergency Headquarters Brigade
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Company, EOH
 * 1st Battalion, 175th Infantry Regiment
 * 2nd Battalion, 115th Infantry Regiment (later detached to TF Abcar)
 * 729th Maintenance Battalion (Now 729th Support Battalion, MDARNG)
 * 2nd Battalion, 110th Field Artillery Regiment
 * C Company, 728th Maintenance Battalion
 * 110th Collection, Classification and Salvage Company
 * B Company, 19th Special Forces Group
 * C Company, 103rd Medical Battalion
 * 1204th Transportation Company
 * Task Force Third Brigade
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Brigade
 * 2nd Battalion, 175th Infantry Regiment
 * 1st Battalion, 115th Infantry Regiment
 * 121st Engineer Battalion
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 115th Military Police Battalion
 * 200th Military Police Company
 * 1229th Transportation Company
 * B Troop, 1st Squadron, 223rd Cavalry
 * C Company, 103rd Engineer Battalion
 * Admin Section, 28th Admin Company
 * Task Force Troops
 * 135th Air Commando Group
 * 175th Tactical Fighter Group
 * 136th Evacuation Hospital
 * D Troop, 1st Squadron, 223rd Cavalry
 * 229th Army Band
 * 29th Military Police Company
 * 2nd Platoon, 28th Military Police Company
 * 2nd Platoon, B Company, 228th Supply and Transportation Battalion
 * 2nd Forward Supply Section, A Company, 228th Supply and Transportation Battalion
 * Other participating forces:
 * 50th Signal Battalion

Damage
In the next few days, six people died, 700 were injured, and 5,800 were arrested. One thousand small businesses were damaged or robbed. Property damages, assessed financially, were more severe in DC ($15 million), Baltimore ($12 million), and Chicago ($10 million) than in any other cities.

In addition, an active Army soldier died in a traffic crash while redeploying from the city. Rioters set more than 1,200 fires during the disturbance. Damage was estimated at over $12 million (equivalent to $77.5 million today).

Of the arrests, 3,488 were for curfew violations, 955 for burglary, 665 for looting, 391 for assault, and five for arson.

Legacy
One of the major outcomes of the uprising was the attention Agnew received when he criticized local black leaders for not doing enough to help stop the disturbance. These statements caught the attention of Richard Nixon, who was looking for someone on his ticket who could counter George Wallace's American Independent Party third party campaign. Agnew became Nixon's vice presidential running mate in 1968.

The uprising had broken out mainly in the black neighborhoods of East and West Baltimore in which extensive property damage and looting occurred. Many of the businesses destroyed in the uprising were located along the main commercial avenues of the neighborhoods and were often owned by people of a Jewish background.

Media and academic coverage of the events has been thin, partly because the event remains emotional for those involved.

title: Baltimore riot of 1968


text:
Being There (Wilco album)

Being There is the second studio album by the American rock band Wilco, released on October 29, 1996, by Reprise Records. Despite its release as a double album, Being There was sold at a single album price as a result of a deal between lead singer Jeff Tweedy and the band's label Reprise Records. The album was an improvement for the band in both sales and critical reception, in contrast to their debut album A.M. (1995). Taking its name from the 1979 film of the same name, the self-produced album featured more surrealistic and introspective writing than on A.M. This was due in part to several significant changes in Tweedy's life, including the birth of his first child. Musically, it juxtaposed the alternative country styles songs reminiscent of Uncle Tupelo with psychedelic, surreal songs. It was the only Wilco album with steel guitarist Bob Egan, their first with multi-instrumentalist Jay Bennett and their last with multi-instrumentalist Max Johnston.

Background
Jeff Tweedy formed Wilco in 1994 after creative differences between Jay Farrar and Tweedy caused the breakup of Uncle Tupelo. The band entered the recording studio almost immediately afterwards to record and release A.M. in 1995, which saw disappointing sales. Jay Farrar's new band Son Volt released Trace in late 1995 to critical praise and good sales numbers. Trace also provided a college rock hit song in "Drown", which entered the top ten of the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, further increasing competition between the two bands.

Tweedy felt that Wilco was incomplete without a second guitarist due to the departure of Brian Henneman after the A.M. recording sessions. Wilco's road manager Bob Andrews helped Tweedy get in contact with Jay Bennett, a multi-instrumentalist who had been looking for a new band to join since his power pop band Titanic Love Affair had been dismissed from its record label. Bennett joined Wilco after Tweedy sent him a few Uncle Tupelo songs and a copy of A.M.; Tweedy had been intrigued by the fact that Bennett could play keyboards, an instrument no other Wilco member played.

Production
The first conceptions of material for the album came during a particularly stressful time in Tweedy's life. Tweedy had recently quit smoking marijuana, attendance at Wilco concerts was dwindling, and Tweedy was trying to manage his marriage, a mortgage, and the birth of his first child. He responded to these pressures:

I was a later bloomer. I was in my thirties before I even came to terms with the idea that I was making a living as a recording artist. I was in a punk band for a long time and thought it was my life. I was a bass player in a band making fifty dollars a night, paying eighty dollars a month in rent, making indie records and not getting paid for them, and having this naive sense of well-being that I would always do this and never have much more responsibility than that. I went from that to being a dad and a major-label recording artist who had the pressure of supporting a family and also making something I felt good about artistically.

For Being There, Tweedy wanted to blend the experiences he had making music with the ones he had listening to music. One of the first songs that Tweedy wrote was "Misunderstood", a song about a tortured musical artist from the point of view of a fan. The song contains several overt references to the breakup of Uncle Tupelo, including the addition of insults that Farrar used against Tweedy—specifically one calling him a "mama's boy". Part of the song's lyrics ("Take the guitar player for a ride/See, he ain't never been satisfied/He thinks he owes some kind of debt/Be years before he gets over it") are originally from Peter Laughner, an underground alternative rock artist from Cleveland that died at 24 in 1977, taken from his song "Amphetamine". The song concludes with the artist lashing out against the listener with satirical self-pity, a rebellion against the way that fans saw Uncle Tupelo as only an archetype of Gram Parsons inspired country rock. To induce a feeling of chaos on the track, the members of Wilco recorded a track where the members switched to novel instruments and placed sections of it into the song. The theme of a "tortured artist" is found in other songs as well; the end of "Sunken Treasure" features Tweedy calling for the renewal of his youth as a punk rocker.

A dichotomy of musical styling was featured in the album's songs. "Hotel Arizona", "Sunken Treasure", and "Misunderstood" featured personal language and more surrealism compared to alternative country songs such as "The Lonely 1" and "Far, Far Away". To enhance this dichotomy between simple and surreal, each song was practiced, recorded, and mixed in only one day. The album's name was taken from the 1979 comedy Being There, because the band believed that Peter Sellers' character Chance had an analogous mentality to the mindset of the album. Wilco sought to incorporate influences from other bands, but not to an overbearing degree; however, they were unable to accomplish this with songs like the Rolling Stones-influenced "Monday". Unlike radio-friendly A.M., the band had no preference about whether Being There could yield radio hits.

When the recording sessions were done, Wilco had originally recorded thirty songs, but were able to cut it down to nineteen songs covering a span of seventy-seven minutes. Tweedy decided that he wanted to release all of the material as a double CD, but was concerned that consumers would be reluctant to purchase it. The purchasing price of a double album was at least $30, but single albums cost (at most) $17.98. Tweedy approached record executive Joe McEwen, who had originally signed Uncle Tupelo to a Warner Brothers label, about selling Being There at a single album price. McEwen was reluctant at first, but was able to convince Reprise Records president Howie Klein to adhere to Tweedy's request. To compensate for the financial loss that the label would take, Tweedy agreed to cut most of his royalties for the album. By 2003, it was estimated that he lost nearly $600,000 because of this, but Tweedy remained satisfied by the deal.

Being There was the only Wilco album with Freakwater's Bob Egan. Egan was invited to come to the studio after Freakwater opened for Wilco for a few shows. He only played on two tracks ("Far, Far Away" and "Dreamer in My Dreams"), but accompanied the band on the support tour. It was the last album for multi-instrumentalist Max Johnston, who left because he was undergoing marital problems and believed that Bennett was taking over his place in the band. Jeff Tweedy performed as the lead singer and secondary guitarist. Jay Bennett was the lead guitarist, and also played a variety of other instruments. John Stirratt played bass guitar and Ken Coomer played drums. All members of the band played a different instrument on "Misunderstood".

Reception
Being There was received positively by critics. AllMusic editor Jason Ankeny gave the album a four-and-a-half stars and referred to it as "the group's great leap forward." He praised the band's ability to juxtapose psychedelia and power pop with tracks that "wouldn't sound at all out of place on Exile on Main Street". Greg Kot, writing for Rolling Stone, gave the album four stars and lauded how it "venture[d] out into an anxiety-ridden world sure thing ... the solace they continue to find in rock and roll." Robert Christgau was more modest, writing "there's no point in denying Jeff Tweedy's achievement as long as you recognize its insularity." Ryan Schreiber of Pitchfork called Wilco "massively improved as both a band and as songwriters" but also noted that "the two-disc set is really nothing more than a marketing scheme." Being There was ranked the 14th best album of the year on The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 1996. In 2003, Pitchfork named it the 88th best album of the 1990s. In 2004, Stylus Magazine placed 178th on their "Top 101–200 Favorite Albums of All-Time" list. The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

The album was a marked improvement over A.M. on the Billboard charts. It peaked at number 73 on the Billboard 200, whereas A.M. failed to hit the chart at all. "Outtasite (Outta Mind)" was released as a single, and received moderate airplay on some college rock radio stations.

Track listing
All songs written by Jeff Tweedy. Verse 5 of "Misunderstood" interpolates lyrics from Peter Laughner's "Amphetamine".

Personnel
Wilco:
 * Jeff Tweedy – lead and backing vocals, guitars, bass, radio
 * John Stirratt – bass, piano, violin, backing vocals
 * Jay Bennett – guitars, piano, organ, harmonica, lap steel, drums, accordion, backing vocals
 * Ken Coomer – drums, percussion, guitars, backing vocals
 * Max Johnston – Dobro, fiddle, mandolin, banjo, backing vocals
 * Bob Egan – pedal steel ("Far, Far Away"), national steel guitar ("Dreamer In My Dreams")

Additional personnel:
 * Greg Leisz – pedal steel ("The Lonely 1")
 * Larry Williams – tenor sax ("Monday")
 * Gary Grant, Jerry Hey – trumpet ("Monday")
 * Jessy Greene – violin ("The Lonely 1")
 * Dan Higgins – baritone sax, tenor sax ("Monday")
 * Chris Shepard, Jim Rondinelli – engineering
 * Martin Stebbing, Lou Whitney, Skip Bryant – additional engineering
 * Ron Lowe, Mike Scotella – second engineering
 * Skip Saylor, Jim Scott – mixing
 * Bob Ludwig – mastering
 * Dahn Davis – graphic design
 * Brad Miller – photography

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Being There (Wilco album)


text:
File:Icedearthaliveinathens.jpg

Fair use in Alive in Athens
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Icedearthaliveinathens.jpg


text:
User:Calhoun

I love wikipedia and am trying to contribute

About the change on 21:37 2005-09-27
The previous version of the article incorrectly stated that the GPS capability of some 406MHz beacons removes the need for position based on the doppler shift detected by LEO satellites. This is incorrect, however, as the COSPAS-SARSAT specifications state that a beacon location is not considered "resolved" unless there is a doppler-doppler match or a doppler-encoded (GPS) match; 1 or more GPS positions are not sufficient. See COSPAS-SARSAT document A.001 calhoun 01:57, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Calhoun


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Seamen's Union of Australia

The Seamen's Union of Australia (SUA) was the principal trade union for merchant seamen in Australia from 1876 to 1991. The SUA developed a reputation as one of the most militant trade unions in Australia and was closely associated with the communist movement in Australia. The SUA merged in 1993 with the Waterside Workers' Federation to become the Maritime Union of Australia (MUA).

Background
Australian seamen were forerunners of maritime trade unionism. Efforts to form trade unions amongst merchant seamen trading out of Australian ports can be traced back to 1874, with the formation of the Sydney Seamen's Union and Melbourne Seamen's Union. The trade unions of this period inspired, among others, J. Havelock Wilson of the British National Union of Seamen, who served on Australian coasting vessels for a period in the late 1870s.

By 1890, a number of these unions had come together to form a loose federation called the Federated Seamen's Union of Australasia, which included New Zealand until the Federation of Australia in 1901 which did include New Zealand, and adopted the name Seamen's Union of Australia (SUA) in 1906. For nearly eighty years the SUA successfully improved the wages and conditions of its members by negotiations with employers and governments or by taking militant industrial action.

Campaigning
Following World War I the SUA gained a reputation as a militant union, under the leadership of socialist-inclined Tom Walsh. During the Second World War, it was instrumental in ensuring the supply of civilian seafarers for the war effort.

The SUA also took part in a wide range of social and political issues over the years, for example campaigning for Aboriginal rights, opposing apartheid in South Africa, opposing the Vietnam War, and participating in the nuclear disarmament movement. The SUA also took part in the black bans and boycotts of Dutch shipping, where the union movement of Australia worked to aid the nascent Indonesian Republic, in particular, ensuring that no tugs towed Dutch ships. These bans commenced in September 1945, and continued through to 1949. The union's longest serving leader was Eliot V. Elliott who led the SUA from 1941–1978.

During the 1970s and 80s the union was strongly active in campaigns to address the decline of the Australian shipping industry, as alternative transport modes became more prevalent, and shipowners used flag of convenience ships to reduce costs. Reduced manning levels aboard ships also negatively impacted union members, and the union negotiated with companies to maintain the job security of Australian maritime workers.

Amalgamation
During its long history the SUA underwent several amalgamations to increase its coverage of maritime workers, particularly as the size of the workforce decreased due to automation and the use of flag of convenience vessels. The Marine Cooks Bakers and Butchers Association (formed in 1908) amalgamated with the Seamen's Union of Australia in 1983, and the Federated Marine Stewards and Pantrymen's Association merged in 1988. In 1991 the Professional Divers' Association also amalgamated with the SUA, before it joined with the Waterside Workers' Federation to become the Maritime Union of Australia (MUA) in 1993.

Federal Secretaries

 * Arthur Cooper 1906–1918
 * Tom Walsh 1918–1922
 * William Raeburn 1922–1926
 * Jacob Johnson 1926–1937 (imprisoned for 4 months for inciting a 1922 strike)
 * W. J. Daley 1937–1941
 * Eliot V. Elliott 1941–1978
 * Patrick Geraghty 1978–1991

title: Seamen's Union of Australia


text: Category:Emerson College

title: Category:Emerson College


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Radisson, Quebec

Radisson is a small unconstituted locality situated near the Robert-Bourassa hydroelectric power station on the La Grande River in the James Bay region of Quebec, Canada. Geographically, Radisson is located halfway between the southern and northernmost points in Quebec and is, besides Schefferville, the only non-native town north of the 53rd parallel in this province.

Despite its remoteness, Radisson has plenty of services for its residents and travellers: two fuel stations, hotel, motel, campground (summer only), a general store, restaurants, gift shops, a school and a hospital. It is also home to a huge Hydro-Québec employee facility, from where guided tours to the Robert-Bourassa power station start. It also houses employees of Air Inuit who are stationed at La Grande Rivière Airport.

The Cree village of Chisasibi is about 100 km to the west, near the mouth of the La Grande River. To the East is the Trans-Taiga Road (French: Route Transtaïga) that leads to the Caniapiscau Reservoir and the former construction camp of Caniapiscau (now used by a wilderness outfitter).

History
Radisson was founded in 1974 to accommodate workers for the James Bay hydroelectric project and named by the Société de développement de la Baie James after Pierre-Esprit Radisson, a 17th-century French explorer and founder of the Hudson's Bay Company. During the peak construction period in 1977, its population reached about 2,500 and has fluctuated since that time. Currently it is a community of about 300 people. The main employer is Hydro-Québec and its main subsidiary, the Société de l'énergie de la Baie James. Many locals are also employed in the tourism/hospitality industry that caters especially to the outdoor sports, such as hunting, fishing, and camping.

Radisson, also referred to on some unofficial maps as "La Grande", is part of the Municipality of Baie-James which covers most of the territory of James Bay region, with the exception of the Cree villages as well as towns of Chapais, Chibougamau, Matagami and Lebel-sur-Quévillon, all of which are enclaves.

The town is accessible by road from Matagami, 620 km to the south. The road is known as the James Bay Road (French: Route de la Baie James) and was built during the construction of the James Bay Project in the mid-1970s. No services whatsoever are available along this road with the exception of a 24-hour service station, complete with cafeteria and lodging, at kilometre 381. The road is fully paved, well maintained and ploughed during the winter, making Radisson accessible year-round. It is also accessible via La Grande Rivière Airport.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Radisson had a population of 203 living in 105 of its 235 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 468. With a land area of 4.83 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

title: Radisson, Quebec


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wrangler Jeans

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted and replaced with a proper page move -- Francs2000 | Talk 11:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Wrangler Jeans
Author cut-and-pasted article from Wrangler (Jeans) and made the old page redirect. Not necessary for this article; don't think it qualifies for speedy. Penwhale | Blast the Penwhale 06:04, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable brand of jeans and this is a better name for them. Capitalistroadster 07:24, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep one and delete the other Doesn't really matter which one to keep, but one of them should be. --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 07:26, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep under this better title, make the other a redirect to it, as we can not delete it without destroying the original edit history (which must be preserved under the GFDL). -- BD2412 talk 14:30, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with BD, Keep this one and redirect Wrangler (Jeans) to Wrangler Jeans. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:19, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete->Move->Restore->Merge. This is the better title. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 22:12, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I always speedy these clones on sight (which I've done). I agree that the page is currently poorly named and this is a better name. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 07:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I have moved the article from Wrangler (Jeans) to Wrangler Jeans (the latter having been speedily deleted). I think this discussion can be closed now. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px|  ]] 11:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Theodor Haecker

Theodor Haecker (4 June 1879 – 9 April 1945) was a German writer, translator and cultural critic.

Life
Haecker was a translator into German of Kierkegaard and Cardinal Newman. He wrote an essay, Kierkegaard and the Philosophy of Inwardness in 1913 at a time when few had heard of Haecker and even fewer had heard of Kierkegaard. After that he translated Newman's Grammar of Assent and became a Roman Catholic convert in April 1921.

Haecker is known for his consistent opposition to the Nazi regime and his connections with the German resistance, such as the White Rose. From 1935 he was not allowed to speak in public and from 1938 he was forbidden to publish books. It was during this time that he wrote his most important work, the journal titled collectively as Journal in the Night. They are the documents of an intellectual's inner resistance against National Socialism. Haecker's achievement can be considered an important foundation of Christian resistance to National Socialism. Haecker had links with the circle around the Scholl siblings, where he read excerpts from his Journal in the Night.

In early 1944, Haecker's house was completely destroyed during the bombing of Munich. With his sight failing due to worsening diabetes, he left Munich to live the last months of his life in the small village of Ustersbach near Augsburg. His daughter visited him but his son, Reinhard had been sent to the Russian front in early 1945, and was shortly after reported missing. Theodor Haecker died on 9 April 1945 and is buried in Ustersbach. There is a bust by sculptor Gerold Jäggle atop a fountain dedicated to Haecker in Laupheim near Ulm, paid for by the local citizens.

Work
Among his papers was a manuscript possibly written in 1943 and published in English in 1950 as Kierkegaard The Cripple. Haecker questions the claim by Rikard Magnussen, in his two books Søren Kierkegaard seen from the Outside and The Special Cross, that Kierkegaard was a hunchback. Haecker asks: 'What significance can be attached to an exterior, physical examination of someone whose work and achievements lie solely in the intellectual and spiritual realms of memory and of historical tradition and experience, as in the case of Kierkegaard? (...) Is there any point in trying to explain the connection between Kierkegaard's physical appearance and his inner self, the purely materially visible and spiritually non-sensual and invisible? Would not this make the inner man, the outer, and the outer man, the inner, which is precisely what Kierkegaard so passionately protested?" Yet, Haecker goes on "to examine the thesis that Kierkegaard's psychological structure was influenced by his deformity." He tried to relate Kierkegaard's inner life to his outer appearance.

The translator, Alexander Dru, says about Haecker's Journal in the Night, "This book, reminiscent in form of Pascal's Pensées, is his last testimony to the truth and a confession of faith that is a spontaneous rejoinder to a particular moment in history. It is written by a man intent, by nature, on the search for truth, and driven, by circumstance, to seek for it in anguish, in solitude, with an urgency that grips the reader." In the opening to Dru's translation, Jacques Maritain (misspelled "Jacques Maratain") is quoted as saying, "Theodor Haecker was a man of deep insight and rare intellectual integrity — a Knight of Faith to use Kierkegaard's expression. The testimony of this great Christian has an outstanding value."

Publications in English

 * Virgil, Father of the West; translated by Arthur Wesley Wheen (Sheed & Ward: London, 1934)
 * Søren Kierkegaard, by Theodore Haecker, translated, and With a Biographical Note, by Alexander Dru (Oxford University Press, 1937). (The first part was given in the form of a lecture in Zurich in 1924 and the second part the epilogue to his translation of Kierkegaard's Discourses at Communion Service on Friday, 1851.)
 * Journal in the Night; translated by Alexander Dru; With a biographical and critical introduction by the translator (Pantheon Books, 1950)
 * Kierkegaard The Cripple, by Theodor Haecker, translated by C. Vasn O. Bruyn, With an Introduction by A. Dru, Published 1950 by the Philosophical Library Inc.

title: Theodor Haecker


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Memoirs of Walter Bruce

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 22:54, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Memoirs of Walter Bruce
Again, this seems not to have been listed (except as part of Votes for deletion/Adam Beck - no vote--Doc (?) 18:27, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

It seems like an ad and a bit of vanity, as well --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 06:06, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: the VFD tag was blanked three times by . Zscout370 (Sound Off) 06:20, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete drini ☎ 06:44, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Calton | Talk 08:47, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, ad, non-notable. Aecis 09:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. The only google hit is this AfD. --Canderson7 20:32, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Margaret Sambiria

Untitled
To change this from Margaret to Margrethe is very inappropriate. Current Danish spelling was not in use in those days, thus such formulation does not make sense. And, to other nationalities she was Margaret. (It should be notred that she was not born Danish.) Arrigo 06:06, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

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Estonia
Hi @Aciram, did you mean duchess instead of countess? Because at the time the land was called Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346). duchess is the female form of duke. It's okay for a duchess regnant, i.e. female duke reigning in her own right, to be in a Dukes of Foo category. E.g. Nicole, Duchess of Lorraine is Category:Dukes of Lorraine. Therefore, Margaret Sambiria should be in Category:Dukes of Estonia. Cheers, Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 14:26, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The source said Countess, not Duchess. Perhaps her son gave her the title Countess instead of Duchess because he was himself the actual Duke (Estonia was Danish), or perhaps it was simply a typo of the source and Duchess was the intented title all along. Because of that insecurity I thought ruler was a safer category.--Aciram (talk) 14:43, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Which source? Ref 1:
 * Ved denne Tid fik Margrethe for Livstid overladt Estland som Enke-eje; endnu vedblev hun dog længe at være den wirkelig styrende i hele Riget, og hendes Energi skyldtes det vel, at Ærkebispedistriden førtes til en ret lykkelig Udgang, ligesom ofsaa, at Hertugdømmet efer Erik Abelsøns Død atter kom under Kronen.
 * At this time Margrethe was given Estonia as a widow's property for life; still, however, she continued for a long time to be the effective ruler of the whole kingdom, and her energy was probably due to the fact that the archbishopric dispute was brought to a fairly happy conclusion, and also that the duchy after the death of Erik Abelsön came again under the crown. The text doesn't actually mention here title, but that Estonia, i.e. the Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346), became her "property for life" means she was a duchess regnant of Estonia. The "duchy" mentioned at the end of the sentence may or may not refer to Estonia, but more likely to Duchy of Schleswig because "Erik Abelsøn" = Eric I, Duke of Schleswig.
 * Ref 11
 * Samme år overlod kongen Estland og Virland, der siden 1219 havde været under dansk overhøjhed, til Margrete Sambiria på livstid.
 * In the same year (1266), the King (Eric V of Denmark "Klipping") gave Estonia and Vironia, which had been under Danish sovereignty since 1219, to Margrete Sambiria for life. The year "1219" explicitly refers to Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346).
 * Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 15:22, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Some literature says that Margaret's title as lifelong owner of Estonia was Domina Estoniae ("Lady of Estonia"). Sources on p. 104 (82), 105 (83), etc.: Margareta Danorum Sclavorumque regina et domina Estoniæ
 * Note that Agnes of Brandenburg is called Agnes Danorum Sclavorumque regina, ducissa Estoniæ a little further down the line. This source notes the inconsistency. Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 15:35, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * PS: One hypothesis I have is that having a female duke was such a new concept to the chroniclers that they didn't even have a well-established Latin word for duchess yet. The word ducissa only shows up twice before 1266, namely in 1193/4 for the duchess of Pomerania. and in 1262 for the duchess of Saxony. Apart from Agnes, no other Estonian or Danish monarch is ever called ducissa; it almost literally a foreign concept. They may have chosen domina for Margaret for lack of a better term in Latin. Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 15:44, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh good lord, I don't have time to read this, but this is not a hill do die on for me; it is not a big issue for me. I originally wrote this article, and remember that the source said countess and not duchess, otherwise I would not have written it to begin with, but I don't remember which one. I could go through them, but to me, it seems a simple solution to just have her in the ruler category - and if not, I won't protest if she is placed in the duke category since its not a big issue, as this might just be a typo, but I can't swear on it (the ruler-category is always preferable, since most states have had a ruler which did not conform to the title or position to the rest). Have a nice day.--Aciram (talk) 18:02, 22 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your response. I didn't make this decision lightly, I had good reasons for it. Cheers, Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 21:33, 22 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Margaret Sambiria


text:
Bowling for Dollars

Bowling for Dollars is a television game show on which people could play the sport of bowling to win cash and sometimes prizes based on how well they bowled.

Unlike most TV game shows of the time, which were taped in either New York or Hollywood and broadcast nationally, Bowling for Dollars was produced by local TV stations and featured contestants from the immediate area. The show was actually a franchise, created by Bert Claster of Claster Television, also the creator of Romper Room. Episodes of Bowling for Dollars were taped either in a local bowling alley or on a pair of bowling lanes constructed right inside the TV studio.

The show reached its heyday in the 1970s. The most recent station to air the format was Detroit, Michigan independent station WADL, which relaunched Bowling for Dollars in September 2013.

The show
The show's main set consisted of a sliding door from which the host emerged, as did the contestants, one by one. There was also a Jackpot light with a numeric display of its value, and a Pin Pal container (see below). There were also stands set up for an audience.

Local editions may have varied, but there were two musical themes used. One was a custom theme for the show's opening and close (with a short phrase to introduce each contestant). The other was played when a contestant hit the jackpot, also used for commercial bumper music in some editions. The latter was an instrumental version of "Keep the Ball Rollin'" by Al Hirt, a song originally done by Jay & the Techniques.

Game play
As each contestant appeared, the host would interview him or her for a couple of minutes. Then the audience camera would cue as the contestant pointed out whom he had brought along ("There's my wife Paula, there's my son Nick..."). The contestant was then instructed to pick a Pin Pal out of a container filled with postcards sent in by home viewers, then went off to the lanes where they would bowl at least two balls.

A half-hour show had seven contestants.

Prizes
Each contestant received $1 for each pin knocked down (e.g., a contestant who knocked down a total of eight pins won $8, though some versions may have had a $5 minimum for fewer than five pins). A strike or spare awarded $20. The real allure of the show was the Jackpot, which was awarded to any bowler who got two consecutive Strikes. The jackpot started at $200, $300, or $500 (depending on the version) and was increased by $20 each time it was not hit.

Some versions of Bowling for Dollars awarded prizes in addition to the money. In the Detroit edition of the show, a contestant who got a spare won a dinner for two at a local restaurant. If that spare was a split, they would also get two large pies from Buddy's Pizza. If the contestant got only one strike, they got to pick a pin from a "pinboard" for a prize from a local jeweler; one such prize was a genuine diamond ring. Finally, contestants breaking the jackpot got to bowl one more time, and if that was a strike (a "turkey") they would receive yet another prize, such as a recliner chair or bicycle. The Los Angeles version awarded a portable television set for three consecutive strikes and a car for four.

Pin Pals
Each contestant, just before approaching the bowling lane, was instructed to pick a postcard at random out of a large, horizontally mounted container. The name on the card was then read aloud by the host. These were Pin Pal cards, allowing a viewer at home to participate in the game on TV. Whatever the contestant won, the Pin Pal won also, although in many markets the jackpot was actually split between the two of them (e.g., $8 to share with your Pin Pal). Many people wrote clever messages on their Pin Pal cards, like "Strike it rich!" A Pin Pal was only eligible once per show, in case a Pin Pal tried to send an overwhelming number of postcards at one time.

Popular culture
The show's title has been so popular, it has been parodied quite a bit.
 * In the movie UHF, there was a show called "Bowling for Burgers".
 * On George Carlin's 1981 album, A Place for My Stuff, he announced a parody called "Bowling for Pussy" in the track "Fourth Announcements".
 * It was mentioned on The Carol Burnett Show in "The Family" skits titled "The Rehearsal" and "Mama's Accident".
 * It was mentioned on a Mama's Family episode titled "Grandma U.S.A." as "Bowling for Dishes".
 * The Michael Moore movie, Bowling for Columbine.
 * The rock band Bowling for Soup. (Famous for the song "1985".)
 * In the 1987 Film The Running Man it was spoofed as "Climbing For Dollars".
 * In the Humongous Entertainment video game Backyard Baseball, the co-anchor for the game, Vinnie the Gooch, will sometimes comment "Bowling for Dollars..." in a deadpan tone should a pitcher throw the ball low enough to the ground.

The show is mentioned in "Get a Load of This" by R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders.

Local editions
Bowling for Dollars was broadcast from TV stations serving medium to large communities all across North America. In many of these markets, the host was introduced by the announcer as "the Kingpin himself".

Baltimore
There were two separate runs. Both aired on WBAL-TV, and both sites were filmed in studio (with bowling being with a Brunswick set): Hosts: Bailey Goss, then Chuck Thompson This show only required contestants to make one strike for the jackpot — a significantly harder task in duckpin bowling than in standard tenpins. Hosts: Tom Cole, then Ron Riley, then Royal Parker At one point, the show alternated between duckpin and tenpin bowlers.
 * Duckpins and Dollars
 * Bowling for Dollars

Boston
This edition was titled Candlepins for Cash, featuring the regional candlepin variation of bowling, and had two separate runs:

 * WNAC-TV (now WHDH), 1973–1980, hosted by Bob Gamere; originated from area bowling lanes using WOR-TV's remote truck, then at special lanes built in the basement of WNAC-TV's Government Center studio
 * WXNE-TV (now WFXT), 1980–1982, hosted by Rico Petrocelli; originated from Wal-Lex lanes in Waltham (closed in 2002).

Both editions only required contestants to make one strike for the jackpot — a significantly harder task in candlepin bowling than in standard tenpins. In the last two seasons of the show, the player would get $30 for a spare plus one bonus ball, worth $2 more per pin knocked down. When a person threw a 10-box (all pins knocked down on the third ball) they got $20 plus one bonus ball.

The 2006 show Candlepins For Dollars that aired on WLVI Channel 56 was not related to this format.

Buffalo

 * Station: WGR-TV/WGRZ Channel 2
 * Host: Ed Kilgore
 * Sites:
 * Original—In studio. (It's believed that the set shared the same studio with the news set.)
 * Revival—Dave & Buster's at the Eastern Hills Mall in Clarence, New York.

A revival of Bowling for Dollars aired between January and February 2008 on WGRZ, also hosted by Kilgore. This version, airing weekdays at 11:45 AM, was much shorter, with only one frame. It used a rotation of numerous theme songs, mostly from game shows of the 1970s.

A similar competing show, called Beat the Champ, aired on WBEN-TV during the original Channel 2 program run, hosted by Van Miller. This was one of two local-origination bowling programs on Channel 4 throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the other being a women's team-bowling program called Strikes, Spares & Misses hosted by Chuck Healy.

Charlotte

 * Station: WPCQ (now WCNC) Channel 36
 * Host: Larry Sprinkle
 * Site: George Pappas Park Lanes
 * Only runs for a short time from September 10, 1984, until September 1985.

Cincinnati

 * Station: WKRC-TV Channel 12
 * Host: Glenn Ryle; fill-ins included weatherman Mike Fenwick, sportscaster Dale Conquest, and WKRC radio host, Jerry Thomas.
 * Site: In studio lanes. The set for Nick Clooney's daytime talk show sat atop the lanes. There was also a daytime version that featured only lady bowlers called Strikes and Spares, hosted by Jerry Thomas.
 * The show first premiered on WKRC as a 13-week trial run in the fall of 1971. It became a regular series on September 3, 1972, airing live at 7:00 p.m. weeknights, later moving to 6:30 p.m.
 * Gus Bailey, then-station PD, cancelled the show in the fall of 1975; its last weeknight program was Thanksgiving night.
 * WKRC began a pre-recorded Saturday afternoon filler show in 1976, hosted by Dick Schorr, who also hosted the weeknight edition on then-sister station WTVN-TV in Columbus.

Cleveland
Had three separate runs of Bowling for Dollars. Two used in-studio lanes.
 * 1st run
 * Station: WUAB Channel 43
 * Host: Wirt Cain who was primarily a Cincinnati TV personality. He would drive to Cleveland every other weekend to record 10 Bowling For Dollars shows.
 * Location: The show was recorded at Parmatown Lanes on Day Drive, which was next door to the Channel 43 studios.
 * 2nd run
 * Station: WEWS Channel 5
 * Hosts: Don Webster, Paul Wilcox
 * 3rd run (1977–79) Weeknights at 7:00 from August 1977 to September 1978; 5:30 PM Sept 1978-January 1979
 * Station: WJW (then WJKW) Channel 8
 * Host: Dick Goddard
 * Substitute Host: Bob "Hoolihan" Wells
 * Site: In-studio lanes (Brunswick set with A2 pinsetters and custom sweeper labels. The sweeper label has WJKW's then-logo only.)
 * Announcers: Joe Grant, Andy Hale, John FitzGerald

Columbus, Ohio

 * Station: WTVN Channel 6 (Now WSYX)
 * Host: Dick Schorr, Gene Fullen with Sally Flowers
 * Site: Two in-studio lanes
 * Aired weeknights at 7:00 PM.

Dallas/Fort Worth

 * Aired on: WFAA Channel 8 ABC (August 11, 1975 – September 26, 1978), (6:30 PM Monday through Friday).
 * Host: Verne Lundquist for most of the series
 * Site: Forum Lanes in Grand Prairie, Texas (which at that time was the host site for a PBA tournament held in the spring) and Golden Triangle Bowl in Irving, Texas.

Dayton, Ohio
The show aired Mon-Fri at 7:00 p.m.
 * Station: WLWD (now WDTN)
 * Host: David G. McFarland
 * Site: In-studio lanes (aired live)

Detroit
''This was originally at Highland Lanes in Toledo, Ohio, where it was also seen on WDHO Channel 24 (now WNWO-TV). It moved to Detroit in about 1974. A revival of this show began in June 2013 on WADL, initially as a one-hour retrospective special, with a weekly half-hour series starting in September. As with the original version, the WADL version was hosted by Bob Allison and originated from Thunderbowl Lanes.''
 * Station: WWJ-TV/WDIV Channel 4 (original run); WADL Channel 38 (2013–present)
 * Host: Bob Allison, Chuck Springer
 * Site: Thunderbowl Lanes in Allen Park, MI

Flint, Michigan

 * Station: WJRT Channel 12
 * Host: Ed Phelps
 * Site: Southland Lanes (now Grand Blanc Lanes), Grand Blanc Township
 * Original Host: Fred Trost 1979-1980

Honolulu

 * Station: KWHE Channel 14
 * Site: Aiea Bowling Center, Barber's Point Bowling Center, Hickam Bowling Center, K-bay Bowling Center, Leeward Bowling Center, Pali Bowling Center, Schofield Bowling Center, and Subase Bowling Center
 * Time: 4:00 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. every Saturday

Kansas City

 * Station: KMBC Channel 9
 * Host: Fred Broski
 * Site: Originally at King Louie West Lanes in Overland Park, 2 years NKC Pro bowl, then in studio

Kitchener, Ontario, Canada

 * Station: CKCO-TV Channel 13
 * Host: Jim Craig (1972/73), then Bill Inkol (74-?), later Jeff Hutcheson, Tom Knowlton
 * Site: Victoria Bowlerama/Twin Cities Bowl

Los Angeles

 * Station: KTLA Channel 5 (July 4, 1972 – March 4, 1977); KHJ-TV (now KCAL-TV) Channel 9 (February 27-September 15, 1978)
 * Host: Chick Hearn (July 4, 1972 – September 3, 1976; February 27-September 15, 1978); Jim Lange (September 6, 1976 – March 4, 1977)
 * Site: KTLA's version was taped in their in-studio lanes (Brunswick set), KHJ-TV's version remains unknown.

Milwaukee
1st station 2nd station
 * WVTV Channel 18 (October 12, 1971 – June 1974)
 * Site: Red Carpet Lanes North (Now closed)
 * Host: Dick Johnson until October 1975. Replaced by co-hosts Lee Rothman and Tom Kohl
 * In June 1974, WVTV and station owner Gaylord Broadcasting created a different bowling show called The Bowling Game, which would air until January 4, 1987 on WVTV. It then moved to WDJT-TV where it aired until at least 1993.
 * WISN-TV Channel 12 (September 9, 1976 – January 1978)
 * Site: In studio
 * Host: Bruce Bennett

Minneapolis-St. Paul

 * Station: KSTP-TV (Summer 1973 – 1979)
 * Host: Tom Ryther, Johnny Canton
 * Site: Village North Bowl (closed), Jim Maddens Diamond Lake South Lanes (Closed), Cedarvale Lanes

New York City

 * Station: WOR Channel 9 (now WWOR-TV) (September 17, 1973 – October 25, 1979)
 * Host: Bob Murphy, then Larry Kenney
 * Site: Madison Square Garden Bowling Center (closed in 1988), then a studio in Brooklyn, located across from the Romper Room set

Host Larry Kenney later achieved national fame as the voice of Lion-O in the smash hit 1980s cartoon ThunderCats and the voice of Karate Kat in The Comic Strip. Larry Kenney was also a regular on the Imus in the Morning radio show. At the show's run, the 48-lane Madison Square Garden Bowling Center features red AMF Magic Triangles and 82-70 pinsetters, with Lanes 47 and 48 being directly used for the program.

Philadelphia

 * Stations: WTAF-TV (now WTXF-TV); WPHL-TV
 * Host: Dick Schorr (WTAF), Bob Gale (WTAF), and Tom Dooley (WPHL).
 * Site: The WTAF version was taped at Willow Grove Park Lanes in 1969 (closed in 1984), moved to Andorra Key Lanes in 1972 (closed in 1979), then in the basement of their Center City studios, which also served as the studio for weekly bowling matches, while the WPHL version was taped at Boulevard Lanes (closed) in Philadelphia.

Pittsburgh

 * Station: WTAE Channel 4
 * Host: Nick Perry, then Ron Jaye.
 * Lanes: In Studio Lanes.  These same lanes were also used for Channel 4's Greater Pittsburgh Championship Bowling, a fixture on Saturday afternoons throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The In-Studio Lanes used pinboys at the time.

Rochester, New York

 * Station: WOKR-TV Channel 13 (Now WHAM-TV)
 * Host: Ron DiFrance, then Matt Rinaldi
 * Site: In studio. (Studio's lanes also host Sunday's Junior Bowling and Brighton-Panorama TV Roll-offs hosted by sportscaster DiFrance, then Tony Distino.) In the 1970s, the studio previously used a Brunswick setup which featured A2 pinsetters with custom sweeper labels (the sweeper labels mentions the station's lineup; including the upcoming program after Bowling for Dollars). In the 1980s, the studio lanes were upgraded to an AMF set with two sets of Magic Triangles and 82-30 pinsetters (with same custom sweeper labels).

Sacramento

 * Station: KXTV channel 10
 * Hosts: Ken Gimblin
 * Sites: Unknown.

San Francisco

 * Station: KBHK-TV channel 44
 * Hosts: Unknown.
 * Sites: Unknown.
 * KBHK's version ran from March 13 until September 8, 1978.

St. Louis

 * Stations: KDNL-TV channel 30 (1973-1976), KTVI Channel 2 (c. 1976–1980)
 * Hosts: Russ Carter (KDNL) and Morgan Hatch (KTVI).
 * Sites: In studio lanes (KDNL version), Arena Bowl (KTVI version, no longer in existence)

Syracuse

 * Station: WSYR-TV channel 3 (now WSTM-TV)
 * Hosts: Bud Hedinger

''The WSTM version was taped in the basement of the studios on James Street with a Brunswick set. The studios were also used for the taping of Challenge Bowling, a regional junior bowling show co-hosted by Marty Piraino.''

Tampa-St. Petersburg
Jimmy Ingram and his family starred in one episode.
 * Station: WTSP Channel 10 (then WLCY-TV); (March 1975 – January 1976)
 * Host: Jim Bradley
 * Site: Sunshine Bowl in Pinellas Park (closed, following hurricane damage in 2004 and, during rebuilding, a fire in 2005; since demolished and replaced by a Walmart Neighborhood Grocery)

Washington, D.C.
First Version, *Station: WDCA Channel 20 Later Brunswick River Bowl in Bethesda, Maryland
 * Host: Don Scott
 * Site: A Bowl America in Arlington, Virginia

Second Version:
 * Station: WTTG Channel 5
 * Host: Johnny Holliday
 * Site: River Bowl in Bethesda, Maryland

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

 * Station: CKND-TV
 * Host: Bob Washington
 * Show Announcer: Dave Clayes
 * Site: Academy Uptown Lanes. The center relocated in 2018 and is now known as Uptown Alley - a modern family entertainment complex north of the Polo Park shopping center.
 * This was a five-pin edition of the show, which ran from 1979 to the mid-1980s.
 * The jackpot started at $200 and increased by $15 per contestant until it was won.
 * Strike or spares earned $20 for the bowler and pin pal. An open frame was scored as per five pin rules and $1 per pin was awarded.
 * If a spare was made then a third ball would be allowed – if this ball was a strike, the prize was $40.
 * In the initial running of the show, if the first strike was achieved and the second strike missed, the turn was over and the prize was $20. Later on, if the first strike was achieved and the second strike missed, the bowler could attempt a spare.  If the spare was made, the prize was $40.
 * The bowler must throw three consecutive strikes to win the jackpot.
 * If a third strike attempt was missed, the prize was $40.
 * Each 30-minute episode consisted of seven bowlers. One bowler among the seven would be selected at random as the Bonus Bowler. If the Bonus Bowler won the jackpot, they won an array of additional merchandise and services.

York-Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

 * Station: WPMT Channel 43
 * Host: Lou Castriota
 * Site: Suburban Bowlerama; York, PA
 * Ran from August 1984 until January 1985.

title: Bowling for Dollars


text: Category:Lee Aaron albums

title: Category:Lee Aaron albums


text: Category:Austrian art

title: Category:Austrian art


text:
Talk:Joan Vollmer

New edits
I added some material and subtracted the parenthetic explnations besides the names of obvious people, such as Ginsberg and Burroughs because to mention their signifigance is too obvious and unnecessary. Plus they are hyperlinked to their own articles. I am a little worried about the amount of copyrighted quotes used in the article. It may violate copyright to use so much, even if you give the author credit. If I find more time, I would like to paraphase some of the comments into the articles. Only a few lines of quotes seems to be appropriate for an article.--Mikerussell 06:07, 2005 July 17 (UTC)

 * Please don't paraphrase the quotes. The longest of them is only around 350 words.  This is hardly beyond the bounds of customary "fair use" -- you should look into that more before you panic about it.

 * I'm curious what you think is "inappropriate" about those quotes. I took the trouble to type them up because they're some of the very few things in print that give us any idea at all about what kind of person Joan Vollmer was.

 * I can't say that I like all of your edits here -- in particular, I object to shifting the focus away from Joan Vollmer to William Burroughs. He has his own page, you know?  -- though I'm glad to see that someone is interested in working on it... I was planning on expanding on her bio a little more myself, I just hadn't gotten to it.

 * (And if you really want a challenge: all accounts agree that Joan Vollmer was an extremely intelligent woman, very well read, and very much into intellectual conversation. Can you find *anything at all* about what her ideas were like?  What kind of things did she say in all of these marathon discussions?)

 * -- Doom 07:24, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * My concern in this matter was totally about copyright, meaning I was actually worried someone other than I (perhaps an 'over-officious' admin), might delete the material because it took too much from others, and thus deprive the article of the information and insight they provide. I certainly won't paraphase them because I would not due them justice, so don't worry about me deleting them. I actually doubt they do violate copyright, but my comment above was more based on worry than right.--Mikerussell 04:22, 2005 July 26 (UTC)

A Pimp in Bed
Also removed:(Joan's oft quoted comment was: "They tell me you're a faggot, but you're as good as a pimp in bed.") Who or where does this come from? I am not certain it provides an accurate impression of how she really thought and felt about Burroughs.--Mikerussell 06:13, 2005 July 17 (UTC)

 * At this point, I have the impression that it's more of a paraphrase than a quote... I think I've heard different versions of it. Here's one, from p.123 of my edition of the Ted Morgan book, in Chapter 7:

 * ... in early 1946, Burroughs moved into Joan's apartment, and they became lovers. Although primarily homosexual and professing a caustic misogyny, Burroughs didn't mind having sex with women, and he must have been proficient at it, because Joan, a woman of wide experience at twenty-two, gave him high marks, saying, "You make love like a pimp."  Primarily, however, their relationship was one between two remarkable intellects. ...

 * And I think I remember a slightly different version quoted in a Burroughs documentary I saw fairly recently.

(just curious-What documentary did you see? I would like to watch it, if I haven't seen it before. Any partial details/item description would be appreciated.)--Mikerussell 05:25, 2005 July 26 (UTC)

 * Burroughs (1983), directed by Howard Brookner, produced by Howard Brookner and Alan Yentob. Most of the segments it uses were filmed between 1978-1982.  Jim Jarmusch is credited with doing sound on a number of them.

 * This is quite a good documentary -- it kicks off with Burroughs appearence on "Saturday Night Live", which I'd forgotten about (at a guess that's the key factor behind his comeback in the 80s). This is a pretty tight documentary, with lots of readings by Burroughs, alternating with historical interviews both with Burroughs and some other principals, all intercut in a roughly chronological fashion. Early on they show Burroughs walking around St. Louis, talking to people who used to know him -- they didn't ask how he met David Kammerer though, a bit of info that seems to be missing.  There's a lot of footage of Huncke and Ginsberg, as well as quite a bit of Terry Southern, and some of Lucien Carr.  Burrough's son makes an appearence, and a relatively prominent character is a crewcut blonde fellow with glasses who plays Burrough's secretary later on in his life (I'm pretty sure that was James Grauerholz).  One of the most interesting historical bits, I thought, was where Ginsberg gets Burroughs to talk about the "skits" they used to act out in the 1940s, hanging around the infamous apartment -- Burroughs goes into character, and in a subtle way stays there for some time.  They talk quite a bit about Joan Vollmer's death, interviewing both Ginsberg and Carr, who were on the scene shortly before it happened.  Ginsberg essentially pushes the "assisted suicide" idea.

''Great info, I have a very vague recollection of seeing it on Canadian TV late at night years ago before I had ever read/knew much about Burroughs. I will look for the documentary.'' --Mikerussell 03:55, 2005 August 10 (UTC)
 * Some quotes from Burroughs about Vollmer: "Well, we had all these very, really, in retrospect, very deep conversations about very fundamental things ... Her intuition was absolutely amazing."

 * Burroughs quotes Joan Vollmer: "You're supposed to be a faggot, but you're as good as a pimp in bed." -- Doom 08:14, August 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * Can I ask you where you're getting your information? What makes you think there's something misleading about that "oft quoted remark"?  If you have *any* source of information about Vollmer, I'd be happy to read it.  If you care, the current state of  my researches are over here: http://obsidianrook.com/doomfiles/LOOKING_FOR_JOAN_VOLLMER.html

 * Just as an aside, Ted Morgan goes on to say:

 * She started Burroughs thinking in new directions, got him interested in the Mayans, suggested that Mayan priests must have had some sort of telepathic control.

 * This is one of the *only* places I know of where one of Joan Vollmer's intellectual opinons are even hinted at. We know a lot about what kind of drugs she did, we know something about who she had sex with.  What did she think?
 * -- 07:24, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Her own perspective issue
I think that you have to be careful in quoting Ted Morgan's Literary Outlaw, which is a great read, and very interesting and valuable for anybody wanting a Burrough's biography. BUT, if you read the book, or own it which I think you might, just read the "Note on Method" 'disclaimer/caveat in the front matter (something I bet his publisher might have insisted on). I have read the book several times, some parts much more than others, and I detect a certain 'lack of distance' from the subject, meaning Morgan crosses the line into- at times- 'showing off' his familiarity with Burroughs and his friends, thus presenting a picture Burroughs and his gang want to project/protect. This by no means depreciates the work in my humble opinion; much of the insight Morgan offers is genuine and independently considered. Nevertheless, I think it is really good to temper Morgan with a book like The Letters of William S. Burroughs: Volume I: 1945-1959, edited by Oliver Harris (ISBN: 0140094520, 1994), where the only piece of Vollmer’s own writing is published (as far as my limited knowledge is concerned). She would infrequently scribble a few additional sentences at the bottom of Burroughs’ letters to Ginsberg.

You ask a great question about presenting ‘her perspective’ but I am not aware of a source that answers it. She never wrote, as far as I know. It is not completely ridiculous to say she is kind of like Socrates- who never wrote- and we learn of him only through his ‘friends’ writings, which are often remarkably divergent. Moreover, I think Burroughs was very reluctant to discuss Joan with Morgan, or anybody, and thus you get just ‘quips’ or patterned opinion such as ‘she was very smart’ from people. I have wondered how Burroughs' struggle to relate to his own son was a function of his regret/shame/pain over killing the mother of his only kid- a constant reminder of her- was his kid, right? Whatever the case, I thought the 'pimp in bed' quote- even if accurate- Christ knows I have said a lot things in moments of bravodo or exagerration- misrepresented the overall character of their relationship, which you rightly imply is not very well understood, and tends to be dominated by Burroughs' perspective. Maybe you know more than I, but it sounds awfully shallow to use as a measure of their attachment to one another. --Mikerussell 05:25, 2005 July 26 (UTC)

 * I'm actually not interested in portrarying their relationship in any particular way. Shallow quip or not it's an actual line of dialog that the people who knew her claim that she said.  They haven't given us very much to go on -- despite writing obsessively about each other, Joan got swept under the rug, I presume (a) because she was an embarrasment to Burroughs, and (b) because they had a bad case of sexism (was she less important, less interesting than, say, Neal Cassady?) -- Doom 08:26, August 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * True, good point, I certainly would have found her much more interesting than Cassady, but I'm not gay, and I actually kind of like women. But I can honestly say that fact has never really diminished my interest or appreciation for Burroughs; come to think of it Kerouc was straight and was fascinated with Cassady more than anyone. At any rate, Burroughs says 'pimp in bed' thing in the documentary, huh? Well maybe it flatters his ego or something. Kind of cheap thing to say especially if he knew it was going into a film. Your comment above about the 'assisted-suicide' angle pumped by Ginsberg is also very insightful. I will have to see the film.--Mikerussell 04:06, 2005 August 10 (UTC)

 * Well, what I would say is that it's just a funny remark that says something about her character. But it doesn't really matter that much: so what if it does show him or her in a "bad light" or something.  It's not our problem to play press-agent for them.  Don't try and sanitize them, you know?
 * By the way, it's not all that clear how straight Kerouac was -- one take on Kerouac is that his real problem was that he didn't come out of the closet. I haven't looked into it, but I wouldn't assume that his interest in Cassady was entirely heterosexual...
 * Any way, yeah, the "assisted suicide" interpretation occurred to me a while back, and it was interesting to see Ginsberg pushing it. Ginsberg said "I always thought that she had goaded him into it" or something like that, and he lead up to the remark (which I have here in my notes): "She was using him to get her off the earth, she was in a great deal of pain.".
 * If you care, my personal take on this is that nothing any of these people say on the subject is reliable: there are too many motives for delusion or deception. In particular, these days it seems to me that Burroughs remarks on the subject were awfully practiced and calculated, intended to be crowd-pleasing, while subtlely letting himself off easily. He had premonitons that something terrible would happen.  It was the upwelling of the "malevolent force", the "ugly spirit".  If I remember right he goes as far as to hint that this force/spirit is inside all of us.  And he concludes -- with a throb of emotion in his voice -- that if it weren't for Joan's death he would never have become a writer.  It's all too easy for me to hear Doctor Benway talking there.  -- Doom 05:54, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Where she was born
I dont know how often someone comes to this page, but if anyone can let me know how accurate it is that she was actually born IN Loudonville, New York I would find that helpful. Loudonville does not, and never has had, a hospital, but she couldve been born at home I suppose since it was the 1920s.Camelbinky (talk) 01:04, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Daughter
As far as I know nothing has ever been heard of what has become of her daughter by her first husband. 72.209.63.226 (talk) 00:57, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

"She left her upper-middle-class family..."
I know this is a nitpick, but isn't a woman going to college in New York in the 1940s essentially INDICATIVE of the upper-middle (and upper, period) class? The article makes it sound as if she "broke ranks", or even "slummed", by going to college. I gotta disagree. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.235.56.24 (talk) 07:07, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Recollections of Joan Vollmer
The article mentions two different but very similar addresses. Is this a typo or did she live at both places?

"You should always cook eggs slowly" was Joan's advice in the kitchen on 118th Street. Joan did everything slowly, Edie reflected;

In Jack Kerouac's last work (The Vanity of Duluoz), he describes the scene in the 119th street apartment as "a year of low, evil decadence", beginning near the close of 1944: — Preceding unsigned comment added by She who wants to know (talk • contribs) 09:39, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

Marriage
The section entitled "marriage" is misleading. There was no marriage. "Common-law" marriage is also a wrong, as there is no such thing in most countries.Royalcourtier (talk) 04:30, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

When I was editing the Burroughs page on Vollmer I noticed this as well but left it alone because I just didn't know if it was inaccurate. Common law marriages did exist in the United States up until the early 1990's, but I don't think New York state was one of those with any such law on the books. I didn't find any reference in Burroughs reference works that he was considered legally married to Vollmer under New York law, but that doesn't mean that he wasn't. Anybody know a reference for checking what the laws in New York were at the time? --Modemx (talk) 01:17, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Vollmer's Death
Just a quick note, I added some references on Vollmer's death to the William Burroughs page that I noticed are missing on this page. If anyone wants to take a look at that page and throw darts at it, I will circle back around later and migrate the references to this page, since it seems to need a little bibliographic love. --Modemx (talk) 03:40, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Joan Vollmer. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070927184715/http://www.womenofthebeat.org/JoanVollmer/JoanVollmer2.htm to http://www.womenofthebeat.org/JoanVollmer/JoanVollmer2.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:16, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

Naked Lunch (film)
Joan's death is also depicted, albeit in a highly fictionalised form, in Naked Lunch (1991), one of David Cronenberg's "body horror" offerings. I think it at least deserves a mention; considering the film was made with Burroughs' active participation. Nuttyskin (talk) 19:19, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joan Vollmer


text: Category:Billy Talent albums

title: Category:Billy Talent albums


text:
Public duties

Public duties are performed by military personnel, and usually have a ceremonial or historic significance rather than an overtly operational role.

Armenia
Since September 2018, the Honour Guard Battalion of the Ministry of Defense of Armenia has been responsible for performing public duties at the President's Residence in Yerevan, the national capital. A pair of ceremonial guards are posted at two sentry boxes in the front of the residence and are relieved in a brief guard mounting ceremony and an exhibition drill. Guards are posted every weekend in the afternoon and evening hours and on national holidays.

Canada
The service branches of the Canadian Armed Forces typically maintains one or more public duties detachments and units. Public duties have been performed throughout the country, with public duties having been performed at various provincial capitals, typically at the legislature, or the official residences of the lieutenant governors. However, public duties in Ottawa and Quebec City are the only regularly scheduled performances in the country.

Ottawa
Public duties in Ottawa is formally the responsibility of two regiments of foot guards, the Canadian Grenadier Guards, and the Governor General's Foot Guards; with one of their main tasks being the provision of sentries for public duties in support of the Government of Canada in Ottawa. The two regiments of foot guards, along with the Governor General's Horse Guards, based in Toronto, make up Canada's Household Division. Public duties in which these regiments take part in includes mounting the guard at Parliament Hill; and Rideau Hall, the official residence for the Monarch, and the Governor General of Canada. The two units are also tasked with mounting the guard of honour for visiting dignitaries. Public duties were also performed by the Canadian Guards until 1970, when the unit was reduced to nil-strength, and moved to the Supplementary Order of Battle.

The Canadian Army also operates a summer public duties detachment known as the Ceremonial Guard, which assumes public duties in Ottawa from late-June to late-August. The Ceremonial Guard is made up of regulars or reservists of the Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, and the Royal Canadian Navy. Public duties undertaken by the Ceremonial Guard includes sentry duties at the National War Memorial, Rideau Hall, as well as performing the Changing of the Guard ceremony in Parliament Hill, and the Fortissimo Sunset Ceremony. Members of the Ceremonial Guard wear the uniforms of the Canadian foot guards, as they have historically staffed the summer public duties detachment, before membership in the Ceremonial Guard was opened to the entire Canadian Armed Forces. The Ceremonial Guard are considered an ad hoc detachment, as its members are drawn from various units of the armed forces, and does not constitute a permanent unit in the Canadian Forces' order of battle.

The Canadian Armed Forces also maintains a National Sentry Program, where its members perform sentry duties at the National War Memorial from early-April to 10 November, the day before Remembrance Day. The program formally falls under the command structure of the Ceremonial Guard, although its volunteers are permitted to wear the ceremonial dress uniforms of their respective units/service while performing public duties at the war memorial.

Quebec City
Public duties at the Citadelle of Quebec, a military installation in Quebec City, are carried out by the Royal 22nd Regiment. The regiment carries out public duties at the Citadelle of Quebec from late-June to Labour Day, which falls on the first Monday of September.

The military installation serves as the home garrison for the regiment, as well as the secondary official residence for the Monarch, and Governor General of Canada. The regiment has carried out public duties at the Citadelle since 1928, excluding a brief hiatus from 1939 to 1945, due to the Second World War.

Denmark
There are two regiments in Denmark, who provide soldiers for public duties, the Royal Life Guard regiment and Guard Hussar Regiment. The Guard Hussar Regiment Mounted Squadron provide mounted escorts for the Royal family and foreign dignitaries, and carry ceremonial services for the Royal Danish Army. The Royal Life Guards provide a permanent guard at the Amalienborg Palace, Kastellet (part of the old fortification of Copenhagen), Rosenborg Castle/garrison of the Royal Life Guards in Copenhagen and the garrison of Høvelte. On occasions guard is kept at Fredensborg Palace, Marselisborg Palace, Gråsten Palace, Christiansborg Palace and other locations inside the Danish realm.

Germany
The Wachregiment Berlin was founded in early 1921. In addition to genuine security duties, the unit was used for ceremonial public duties in the capital. The regiment was disbanded in June 1921 and shortly after was revived as Kommando der Wachtruppe (lit. Headquarters Guard Troop).

The Wachtruppe comprised seven companies, each drawn from one of the seven active army divisions. Each company served for three months before returning to its parent division. In this way, the Wachtruppe represented the whole Reichswehr.

The Kommando was based at Moabit Barracks, and every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, performed a modest changing of the guard ceremony for the public. On each Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, the entire Wachtruppe, accompanied by the regimental band, marched from the barracks through the Brandenburg Gate and to the Berlin War Memorial, providing a greater spectacle for public view.

In 1934, the unit was renamed Wachtruppe Berlin and in 1936, a headquarters and administration company were added. In June 1937, the unit was again renamed Wach Regiment Berlin. Postings were now done by individuals, not entire companies, and each man served six-month tours of duty. The unit provided escorts and Guards of Honour for State Visits, Conferences and even the Olympic Games.

In 1939, the unit was reorganized as the Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland. While equipped as a field unit, the regiment also maintained a public duties detachment in the capital. The ceremonial guard was pressed into service during the July bomb plot in 1944 and helped round up conspirators in the capital.

In 1957, the post-war Bundeswehr established the Wachbataillon, a tri-service unit, for ceremonial duties.

United Kingdom
The Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment, King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery three infantry battalions, incremental companies of the Foot Guards and Balaklava Company, 5 SCOTS (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) of the British Army are currently tasked with the provision of Public Duties. Two of these are from the Foot Guards of the Household Division, and two are an infantry battalion. The former are normally based at Wellington Barracks in central London, within a short distance of Buckingham Palace, and at Victoria Barracks in Windsor Castle, while the latter is at the Cavalry Barracks, Hounslow.

Apart from providing the King's Guard at Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace, and the Tower of London Guard, the Public Duties battalions also provide the Windsor Castle Guard, which is otherwise provided by the battalion based at Windsor. From 1783 to 1973, the Guards provided a nightly detachment called the Bank Picquet for guard duty at the Bank of England.

Public duties are also carried out in Edinburgh, although not as frequently as in London. Prior to 2002, sentries were permanently stationed at the entrance to Edinburgh Castle, but these were withdrawn due to cost-cutting measures. Today, sentries are posted during the evenings between 6 pm and 9 am, and throughout the week that the monarch spends in Edinburgh at both the castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse. Sentries are also posted at the castle during the month of the Edinburgh Military Tattoo prior to each performance, with the regiment forming a guard of honour at the end of each performance.

Public duties are performed by the Balaklava Company of the Royal Regiment of Scotland a single incremental company based permanently in Scotland for public duties.

Washington, D.C.
The 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment is an official ceremonial unit of the United States Army, and has provided the escort for the President of the United States, as well as formally provides security for Washington, D.C. Public duties performed the by the regiment includes ceremonies at the White House, the Pentagon, and other national ceremonies throughout the capital and its neighbouring areas. The guard also provide military escorts for military funerals at Arlington National Cemetery, and a perpetual sentry at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier since 1948. Other service branches of the United States Armed Forces also maintain their own units for public duties in Washington.

Other states
The United States Army installation, Fort Huachuca, maintains a ceremonial cavalry troop known as B Troop, 4th Cavalry Regiment. It is one of only four remaining in the Army, and participates in mounted ceremonies, parades, and public relations. B Troop, 4th Cavalry Regiment resides at the main post stables and conducts events around the southwestern United States. Troopers are volunteers who are employed at or stationed at Fort Huachuca for their regular duties. Prior to being issued their horse, carbine, and saber, each recruit must undergo a three-to-four month riding school. Once proficient in mounted drill, the recruit must demonstrate a proficiency in saber, and carbine/pistol accuracy. Only then does the recruit become a Trooper and is issued a horse. B Troop was specifically chosen as it was the Troop that captured Geronimo in 1886.

A number of other military units from the United States National Guard, and state militias also maintain units which undertake public duties. The Governor's Guards of Connecticut is another unit which engages in public duties for the state, primarily in the capital of Hartford. Composed of two foot guard units and two horse guard units, the company-sized unit is a part of the Connecticut State Guard, which is a branch of the Connecticut State Militia. Public duties undertaken by the Governor's Guard include presidential, and gubernatorial inaugurations, as well as supporting memorial dedications, local parades, and celebrations for Memorial Day and Veterans Day.

The Royal Guards of Hawaii is a ceremonial reenactment unit made up of members of the Air National Guard, formed in 1963. Public duties perform by the Royal Guards of Hawaii include official state functions involving the Governor of Hawaii, and other public functions for descendants of the House of Kawānanakoa, the descendants of the Hawaiian royal family. The uniforms used by the guards are similar to the uniforms used by the royal bodyguards of the former Kingdom of Hawaii.

The Ross Volunteer Company serves as the guard of honour for the Governor of Texas. Formed in 1897, the unit is composed of junior and senior cadets of the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets. The unit performs in ceremonial activities from its base at College Station, Texas, and its area of responsibility in Austin.

title: Public duties


text:
Fuscous flycatcher

The fuscous flycatcher (Cnemotriccus fuscatus) is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, and the only member of the genus Cnemotriccus. It breeds from Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina, and on both Trinidad and Tobago. The fuscous flycatcher ranges in northern and eastern South America, including the entire Amazon Basin, and the Guianas; also all of Brazil except the very southeastern border area with Uruguay.

This species is found in woodland and scrubby areas. The nest is made of twigs and bark lined with plant fibre and placed in a tree fork. The typical clutch is three white eggs, which are marked with black at the larger end.

The fuscous flycatcher is 14.5 cm long and weighs 11.9 g, with a long tail. The upperparts are plain brown with darker brown wings and two buff wing bars. There is an obvious long whitish supercilium, and the bill is black. The breast is grey-brown and the abdomen is pale yellow. Sexes are similar. There are other races, differing in the tone of the upperpart or underpart colour.

Fuscous flycatchers are inconspicuous birds, tending to keep to undergrowth perches from which they sally forth to catch insects, (hawking). The call is a light chip, and the song a chip-weeti-weeti-weetiyee, replaced in southern races by an explosive version at dawn, pit-pit-peedit.

title: Fuscous flycatcher


text:
Category:Konami games

Video games developed/published by Konami.

title: Category:Konami games