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Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart

The Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, often called the Josephites or Brown Joeys, are a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Mary MacKillop (1842–1909). Members of the congregation use the postnominal initials RSJ (Religious Sisters of St Joseph).

The order was founded in Penola, South Australia, in 1866 by Mary MacKillop and the Rev. Julian Tenison Woods.

The centre of the congregation is at Mary MacKillop Place, Mount Street, North Sydney, New South Wales, where Saint Mary MacKillop's tomb is enshrined in the Mary MacKillop Memorial Chapel.

At present there are around 900 sisters living and working throughout Australia (in all states except Tasmania) and New Zealand, as well as in Ireland and Peru. The current congregational leader of the Josephites is Sr Monica Cavanagh.

Besides the main centre at North Sydney, the Josephites, who were named after Saint Joseph, have "Mary MacKillop Centres" at Penola, South Australia; the Adelaide suburb of Kensington, South Australia; East Melbourne, Victoria; Annerley, Queensland; and South Perth, Western Australia. The Australian-New Zealand Federation of the Sisters of St Joseph includes congregations in Perthville and Lochinvar in New South Wales.

1866: founding

Fr Julian Tenison Woods had been very concerned about the lack of education, particularly Catholic education, in South Australia. In 1866, he invited MacKillop and her sisters Annie and Lexie to come to Penola and open a Catholic school. Woods was appointed director of education and became the founder, along with MacKillop, of a school they opened in a stable there. After renovations by their brother, the MacKillops started teaching more than 50 children. At this time MacKillop made a declaration of her dedication to God and began wearing black.

In 1867 MacKillop became the first member and superior general of the newly formed religious congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, and moved to a new convent in Grote Street, Adelaide. In the same year, at age 25, she adopted the religious name "Sister Mary of the Cross". In Adelaide they founded a new school at the request of the bishop, Laurence Bonaventure Sheil, OFM. Dedicated to the education of the children of the poor, it was the first religious institute to be founded by an Australian. The Rule of Life developed by Woods and MacKillop for the convent emphasised poverty, a dependence on divine providence, no ownership of personal belongings and faith that God would provide, and willingness to go where needed. The Rule were approved by Sheil. Near the end of 1867, ten other women had joined the Josephites, who had adopted a plain brown religious habit. In consequence, the Josephite sisters became colloquially known as the "Brown Joeys".

1866–1880s: expansion

In an attempt to provide education to all the poor, particularly in country areas, a school was opened at Yankalilla, South Australia, in October 1867. By the end of 1869, more than 70 Josephite sisters were educating children at 21 schools in Adelaide and the country. MacKillop and her Josephites were also involved with an orphanage; neglected children; girls in danger; the aged poor; a reformatory (in St Johns near Kapunda); a home for the aged; and the incurably ill.

In December 1869, MacKillop and several other sisters travelled to Brisbane to establish the congregation in Queensland. They were based at Kangaroo Point and took the ferry or rowed across the Brisbane River to attend Mass at old St Stephen's Cathedral. Two years later she was in Port Augusta, South Australia, for the same purpose. The Josephite congregation expanded rapidly and, by 1871, 130 sisters were working in more than 40 schools and charitable institutions across South Australia and Queensland.

After the acquisition of the Mother House at Kensington in 1872, MacKillop made preparations to leave for Rome to have the Rule of the Sisters of St Joseph approved by the Holy See. She travelled to Rome in 1873 and was encouraged in her work by Pope Pius IX. The authorities in Rome made changes to the way Josephites lived in poverty, declared that the Superior General and her Council were the authorities in charge of the institute, and assured MacKillop that the congregation and their Rule of Life would receive final approval after a trial period. The resulting softening of the Rule caused a breach between MacKillop and Woods, who felt that the revised Rule compromised the ideal of vowed poverty and blamed MacKillop for not getting the Rule accepted in its original form. Before Woods' death on 7 October 1889, he and MacKillop were personally reconciled, but he did not renew his involvement with the congregation. The sisters split, with Woods' branch becoming known as the "Black Josephites", for their black habits, while MacKillop's sisters donned brown habits and were thus known as the "Brown Josephites".

While in Europe, MacKillop travelled widely to observe educational methods.

During this period, the Josephites expanded their operations into New South Wales and New Zealand. MacKillop relocated to Sydney in 1883 on the instruction of Bishop Reynolds of Adelaide. When she returned in January 1875, after an absence of nearly two years, she brought approval from Rome for her sisters and the work they did, materials for her school, books for the convent library, several priests, and most of all 15 new Josephites from Ireland. Regardless of her success, she still had to contend with the opposition of priests and several bishops. This did not change after her unanimous election as superior general in March 1875.

The Josephites were unique among Catholic church ministries in two ways. Firstly, the sisters lived in the community rather than in convents. Secondly, the congregation's constitution required administration by a superior general rather than being subject to the local bishop, a situation unique in its day. This structure resulted in the institute being forced to leave Bathurst in 1876 and Queensland by 1880 due to their respective bishop's refusal to accept this administrative structure.

Notwithstanding all the trouble, the institute expanded. By 1877 it operated more than 40 schools in and around Adelaide, with many others in Queensland and New South Wales. With the help from Benson, Barr Smith, the Baker family, Emanuel Solomon, and other non-Catholics, the Josephites, with MacKillop as their superior general, were able to continue the religious and other good works, including visiting prisoners in jail.

1883: Sister Bernard becomes SG
Sydney's Archbishop Roger Vaughan died in 1883 and was succeeded by Patrick Francis Moran. Although he had a somewhat positive outlook toward the Josephites, he removed MacKillop as superior general and replaced her with Sister Bernard Walsh.

Pope Leo XIII made the Josephites into a religious congregation of Pontifical right in 1885, with its headquarters in Sydney. He gave the final approval to the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart in 1888.

Although still living through alms, the Josephite sisters had been very successful. In South Australia they had schools in many country towns including, Willunga, Willochra, Yarcowie, Mintaro, Auburn, Jamestown, Laura, Sevenhill, Quorn, Spalding, Georgetown, Robe, Pekina, and Appila. MacKillop continued her work for the Josephites in Sydney and tried to provide as much support as possible for those in South Australia. In 1883 the institute was successfully established at Temuka in New Zealand, where MacKillop stayed for over a year. In 1889 it was also established in the Australian state of Victoria.

During all these years MacKillop assisted Mother Bernard with the management of the Sisters of St Joseph. She wrote letters of support, advice, and encouragement or just to keep in touch. By 1896, MacKillop was back in South Australia visiting fellow sisters in Port Augusta, Burra, Pekina, Kapunda, Jamestown, and Gladstone. That same year she travelled again to New Zealand, spending several months in Port Chalmers and Arrowtown in Otago. During her time in New Zealand the Sisters of St Joseph established a school in the South Island. In 1897, Bishop Maher of Port Augusta arranged for the Sisters of St Joseph to take charge of the St Anacletus Catholic Day School in Petersburg (now Peterborough).

MacKillop founded a convent and base for the Sisters of St Joseph in Petersborough on 16 January 1897. "On January 16th, 1897, the founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, Mother Mary of the Cross, arrived in Peterborough to take over the school. She was accompanied by Sister Benizi (who was placed in charge of the school), Sister M. Joseph, Sister Clotilde, and Sister Aloysius Joseph. They were met at the station by Rev. Father Norton who took them to the newly blessed convent, purchased for them on Railway Terrace." The property at 40 Railway Terrace is identified as the convent by a plaque placed by the Diocese of Peterborough.

1889–1909: illness and death of Mary MacKillop
After the death of Mother Bernard, MacKillop was once more elected unopposed as superior general in 1899, a position she held until her own death. During the later years of her life she had many problems with her health which continued to deteriorate. She suffered from rheumatism and after a stroke in Auckland, New Zealand, in 1902, became paralysed on her right side. For seven years she had to rely on a wheelchair to move around, but her speech and mind were as good as ever and her letter writing had continued unabated after she learned to write with her left hand. Even after suffering the stroke, she inspired enough confidence among the Josephites that she was re-elected in 1905.

MacKillop died on 8 August 1909 in the Josephite convent in North Sydney. The Archbishop of Sydney, Cardinal Moran, stated that: "I consider this day to have assisted at the deathbed of a Saint." She was laid to rest at the Gore Hill Cemetery, a few kilometres up the Pacific Highway from North Sydney. After MacKillop's burial, people continually took earth from around her grave. As a result, her remains were exhumed and transferred on 27 January 1914 to a vault before the altar of the Virgin Mary in the newly built memorial chapel on Mount Street, Sydney. The vault was a gift of Joanna Barr Smith, a lifelong friend and admiring Presbyterian.

20th century
The wide network of schools and community aid organisations established by the sisters continued to expand throughout Australasia and elsewhere during the 20th century. While vocations within Australia suffered along with other religious institutes in the latter 20th century, its work continued and global recognition came with the canonisation of Mary MacKillop in 2010.

St Aidan’s Catholic Primary School in Rooty Hill in Western Sydney was opened in 1907 and run by the Sisters of St Joseph. The Sisters would travel to the school from neighbouring suburb of St Mary’s until a horse and sulky was purchased for their travel. The Sisters of St Joseph ran the school until 1969 when the running of the school was transferred to the Franciscan Monks of Mary.

21st century
Since 1979 the Congregations of St Joseph, made up of all the Sisters of St Joseph and Associates throughout the world, have had a presence at the United Nations as a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). In 1999 the Congregations of St Joseph gained accreditation with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, allowing them access to other UN programs and agencies. As an NGO its focus is poverty, empowering women and children, ecology, environment, and immigrants.

The number of sisters teaching in schools and vocations in general have declined in Australia, however the congregation has incorporated works meeting the needs of today, including:

 * Mary MacKillop Today – life-changing projects in Australia and community development projects in Timor Leste, Peru, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. It includes a fair trade company, ethica in Australia.
 * Good Grief – education programs and seminars for change, loss, and grief. Programs include Seasons for Growth, Stormbirds to assist children and young people after a natural disaster, and Seasons for Healing, a culturally appropriate program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.
 * St Anthony's Family Care – caring for families and children
 * MacKillop Community Rural Services – serving people in rural New South Wales

The work of the Sisters continues among the thousands of lay people who lead and serve in the ministries and direct the focus through being directors of the boards of the incorporated community works. One organisation which has emerged among lay people is Josephite Community Aid. It was formed in 1986 to involve young lay people in community work with refugees and others, along with other volunteer programs. Mary MacKillop Centres were established as focal points for pilgrimage, learning, and spirituality.

By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the Josephites reported around 850 sisters involved in ministering throughout Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Peru, East Timor, Scotland, and Brazil. The sisters maintained an interest in working in education, aged care, ministry in rural areas, work with indigenous Australians, refugees, families, the homeless, and general pastoral and parish ministries. The South Australian Province Reconciliation Circle, comprising a group of Josephite and Carmelite women together with Aboriginal mentors, began meeting regularly in 2003 to work for justice and reconciliation in Indigenous affairs. In 2006 the Conference of Josephite Leaders (Central and Federation Congregations) established the Josephite Justice Office to conduct advocacy in the community.

Between 2012 and 2014 the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Tasmania, Goulburn, Whanganui (Sisters of St Joseph of Nazareth), and the Perthville Congregation have all merged as with the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart.

Canonisation of Mary MacKillop
In 1925, the congregational leader of the Sisters of St Joseph, Mother Laurence, began the process to have MacKillop declared a saint and Archbishop Michael Kelly of Sydney established a tribunal to carry the process forward. After further investigations, MacKillop's "heroic virtue" was declared in 1992. Her canonisation was announced on 19 February 2010 and took place on 17 October 2010. An estimated 8,000 Australians were present in Vatican City to witness the ceremony.

Irene McCormack
Irene McCormack (21 August 1938 – 21 May 1991) was an Australian member of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart who worked as a missionary in Peru. She was executed there in 1991 by members of Sendero Luminoso ("Shining Path"), a Maoist rebel guerrilla organisation.

In October 2010, Australian media reported McCormack's possible recognised sainthood after Mary MacKillop's canonisation. The Daily Telegraph reported that senior Peruvian and Australian Catholic clergy planned on preparing a submission to the Vatican for McCormack's cause after Mary MacKillop's canonisation.

The Congregational Leader of the Sisters of St Joseph, Sister Ann Derwin, said that people in Huasahuasi, who already regarded McCormack as a saint, demanded this, since people judged to have been martyrs do not require evidence of miracles performed through their intercession.

Schools
Schools founded by the Josephites include:
 * St Joseph's School, Russell Street, in the south-western corner of Adelaide city centre, was founded when the sisters took over the school known as St Romuald's a year after its establishment in 1876. It closed in 1965 and the building (originally stables) was demolished in the late 1990s. Notable students included:
 * Dan Clifford (1887–1942), inaugural vice-president of the Old Scholars' Association in 1934, later owner of the Dan Clifford Cinema Circuit.
 * Albert Augustine Edwards (1888–1963), known as Bert, rumoured to be the illegitimate son of Charles Cameron Kingston, future Premier of South Australia, and later himself a politician in the South Australian Parliament.

 * Mary MacKillop College, a girls' secondary school in Kensington

 * St Benedict's College, Newton, Auckland founded 1884.


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User:Radouch

About me
I contributed to Czech wikipedia for some time. My English is not very good but I hope I will be able to help some way :-)

Working place

 * Special:Uncategorizedpages
 * Transportation in Czechoslovakia - I will try to improve it a bit
 * Category:Czechia_geography_stubs
 * List of Czech Republic-related topics
 * 2005 in Iraq
 * 2006 in Iraq

cs:Wikipedista:Radouch sk:Redaktor:Radouch

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Radouch


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User talk:Gunmetal

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 21:15, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Reply
I believe that's correct. It might also be a database hiccup. It's not a big deal either way, as it's been deleted again since then. Best, Meelar (talk) 21:26, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject National Football League
Thanks for joining the football wikiproject, we need all the help we can get if we plan to produce a lot of featured material. Talk to Zzyzx for more information. Phoenix2 22:31, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

VfD Gian Andrea Scarello
This is worthy of WP:BJAODN, but it would get lost - BJAODN seems a bit flooded with photos at the moment. :) -- Solipsist 21:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I've gotten so many laughs out of that VfD.... I'm glad to have given one back! --Gunmetal 14:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Angry nonsense article authors sound off!
DEAR USERS Gunmetal and Solipsist All Wikipedia- Community must know that you two are a "Tandem". "Family voting". You are not serious Users, '''you offend the persons and you laugh about oder User ! Shame !''' I hope that Wikipedia-Policies takes energetically part against your behavior and tandem-works (Perhaps also for other articles? ) .The suspicion has become truth.On this argument it is sure that you have provoked a damage to the article and to the credibility of Wikipedia.

Unfortunately it is clearly that You have the technical possibility to manipulate the valid opinions and to cancel all what you want in Wikipedia "Delete-discussion".

Friends of Wikipedia, these two Users have not respected important rules abou the Wikipedia-Policies[]

They are not reliable! Look for Neutral point of view[] I propose that the article ( Serious )must be rewritten with neutral methods (Immediately) ! User:Peterloud

 * These are the words of someone way too obsessed with keeping his article about a non-noteworthy artist. I love dealing with people to whom it's always a conspiracy when they don't get their way. -- Gun  Metal  17:37, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

You are obsess! The facts: You have undemocraticically cancelled the positive opinion of the others user. Many times You cancelling my, and others, user opinions! You have smashed the Wikipedia-laws. You have cancelled from arches our opinions ! You have cancelled the article against the regulated positive majority percentage from wikipedia ( it was "Keep" ) ! The test of Your "tandem" ? Simple: we find in this page ( Your Comment- page ). You speeches like a "Marcus Tullius Cicero" but you are very approximately on the argument ! You offend the persons and publishing its the name! You are without respect ! I hope that this artist discovers this article and denounces You! Whichever stupid people... understands... that you are you obsess ( like me ?) : You destroy what you want !? You are arrogating and you believe that we (honest user) we accept your lies and ignorance? I hope that someone has the possibilty to remove your to manipulate-works !

User:Peterloud

 * Regarding your "facts".
 * I have never, nor could I ever, "cancel" another's opinion. I can only offer my own opinion, which is just as valid as yours.
 * RAAR!!! I AM GUNMETAL SMASHER OF WIKILAWS!
 * I don't know what "cancelled from arches" means, but if it involves McDonalds, I'm in.
 * Just because another user comments on my talk page, that doesn't necesarrily mean we're the same person you know. Unless YOU'RE me as well!?!?!
 * I think the Cicero bit is actually an unintentional compliment.
 * I offend you, you offend me. Welcome to the wonderful world of Wiki.
 * I have an abundance of respect for members that have an established voting record (ie. those that don't head straight for a VfD as soon as they sign on, and only "contribute" to that single article.

In plain English, feel free to vandalize my talk page as much as you like, as I'm really enjoying it. But think about this, the angrier you get about the deletion of the Scarello page, the more likely it is that others will just assume you wrote it. There HAS to be a reason you're taking this so seriously. -- Gun Metal  21:00, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

RE: OJ "Vandalism"
forgiviness please —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Qu4rk (talk • contribs) 14:28, 10 February 2006 UTC.

 * There's nothing to forgive. I only ask that you please refrain from making similar racist edits in the future.  -- Gun  Metal  19:40, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Copyvios
An article that is a copyvio must be from a commercial source in order to be speedy deleted. It may be from any source to be listed as a simply copyvio. See WP:CSD and WP:Copyvio for more info. -Drdisque 20:22, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Interested in joining WikiProject American football?
I noticed that you are involved in the NFL wikiproject. I started a new project at: WikiProject American football to help clean up the non-NFL football articles (mostly football strategy type articles). Please consider joining this project and helping out where possible. --Jayron32 02:18, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Gunter and ernst.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Gunter and ernst.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 01:46, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of Deletion for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Deletion is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Deletion (2nd nomination) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. The Devil's Advocate (talk) 03:01, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

Impiety (band)
Hi there. Would you mind having a look at this for me - Impiety (band)? I'm having some difficulties explaining the concept of WP:RS to an anon user who has just contravened 3RR. Cheers, Blackmetalbaz (talk) 13:01, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gunmetal


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title: File:Afterbookcover.jpg


text: Category:Chattahoochee River

title: Category:Chattahoochee River


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Foreign Objects (band)

Foreign Objects was an American heavy metal band from West Chester, Pennsylvania. Formed in 1995, the band is centered on vocalist and guitarist Deron Miller, who is the only constant member. During its initial tenure, the band released one extended play (EP), The Undiscovered Numbers & Colors in 1995, before founding members Miller and Jess Margera (drums) went on to form CKY.

Miller returned to the moniker in 2003 to complete work on the album Universal Culture Shock, which featured contributions from guitarist James Murphy. The band returned again in 2014 with a new full lineup and recorded the album Galactic Prey, which was released in 2015.

1992–1998: Formation, early years and debut EP
Deron Miller and Jess Margera first met at East High School in West Chester, Pennsylvania in 1992, and began performing together as Foreign Objects in 1995. The duo recorded its five-track debut EP The Undiscovered Numbers & Colors with engineers Bob Zeigler and Matt Wacik in the summer of 1995 at Trix Trax Recording Studios in Malvern, Pennsylvania, and released it through Distant Recordings on October 1 that year.

By 1996, Miller, Margera and live bassist Ryan Bruni were performing together under the name Oil (a group which would later evolve into CKY), although Foreign Objects did continue recording up until 1998. The first lineup of the band performed two live shows, at least one of which took place at Henderson High School.

2003–2004: Return with Universal Culture Shock
In October 2003, the pair began recording songs for a planned second Foreign Objects release at co-producer John Teague's West Chester studio. Miller enlisted former Death guitarist James Murphy, with whom he was then working on the Death tribute album Within the Mind: In Homage to the Musical Legacy of Chuck Schuldiner, to play lead guitar on the songs. Murphy also co-mixed (with Teague) and mastered the album. Miller praised Murphy's contributions, claiming they made the album "a thousand times better".

Recording was completed by spring 2004. Universal Culture Shock/Undiscovered Numbers & Colors, featuring the newly finished songs in addition to a remixed and remastered version of the band's original EP, was released on October 31, 2004, by Distant Recordings in a limited run of 2,000 copies, distributed exclusively through online retailer Amazon.com. The album was later included in the Distant box set Distant Recordings 15 Years in 2009.

2014–2022: Reformation and Galactic Prey
Miller revived the Foreign Objects moniker in 2014, revealing that the group was working on an album entitled Galactic Prey, for which the title track was released in March that year. A campaign on crowdfunding website Indiegogo was later set up for the album, successfully raising the target $13,000. The album was originally slated to feature contributions from Jonathan Masi, a songwriter and fan of the band who reached out to Miller with concepts and ideas for a number of songs.

As of April 2014, the lineup of the band included guitarist Dave Sudock and bassist Shaun Luera, with Tim Yeung planned to take over on drums. Miller later confirmed that Luera's brother Tim had joined on drums, and later in the year Sudock was replaced by Kenneth Hunter. Miller has claimed that he originally invited Margera to be a part of the Foreign Objects reunion, but that he declined. Galactic Prey was released on October 18, 2015. In January 2016, Miller revealed that the band would be working on the follow-up to Galactic Prey, which would be titled Lean, Mean and Bleeding Green, that year.

All four members of Foreign Objects also performed as 96 Bitter Beings. During that band’s 2022 of America, Tim Luera abruptly left the band hours before a live show was to take place, followed shortly by his brother Shaun. Miller has stated that since their departure, neither of the Luera brothers have reached out to him to explain their actions and, as a result, would not be welcome to rejoin the band. Miller has since stated that he has no future plans to continue Foreign Objects outside of re-releasing previously released material.

Musical style and influence
The musical style of Foreign Objects has been described by music news website Blabbermouth.net as "neo-technical death metal". Founding member Deron Miller describes it as "a project that expands on the style of spacey progressive death metal that Pestilence and Cynic started in 1993", referring to the releases of Spheres and Focus, respectively.

Band members

 * Deron Miller – vocals, rhythm guitar, synthesizers (1995–1998, 2003–2004, 2014–2022), lead guitar, bass (1995–1998, 2003–2004)
 * Jess Margera – drums, backing vocals (1995–1998, 2003–2004)
 * Dave Sudock – lead guitar (2014)
 * Kenneth Hunter – lead guitar (2014–2022)
 * Shaun Luera – bass, backing vocals (2014–2022)
 * Tim Luera – drums (2014–2022)

Discography

 * Studio albums

 * Extended plays

 * Singles

title: Foreign Objects (band)


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Thanesar

Thanesar (also known as Sthanishvara) is a historic city and Hindu pilgrimage centre in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana, India. It is located approximately 160 km northwest of Delhi. The city Kurukshetra's area merges with Thanesar.

Thanesar was the capital of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, whose rulers conquered most of Aryavarta following the fall of the Gupta Empire. The Pushyabhuti emperor Prabhakarvardhana was a ruler of Thanesar in the early seventh century CE. He was succeeded by his sons, Rajyavardhana and Harsha. Harsha, also known as Harshavardhana, consolidated a vast empire over much of North India by defeating independent kings that fragmented from the Later Guptas.

History

Present-day Thanesar is located on an ancient mound. The mound (1km long and 750m wide) is known as Harsh ka Tila (Mound of Harsha). It has ruins of structures built during the reign of Harsha, seventh-century CE. Amongst the archaeological finds from the mound include Painted Grey Ware shards in the pre-Kushana levels and Red Polished Ware from the post-Gupta period.

In the post-Gupta period, Sthanishvara was the capital of the Vardhana dynasty, which ruled over a major part of North India during the late-sixth and early-seventh centuries. Prabhakarvardhana, fourth king of the Vardhana dynasty, had his capital at Thanesar. After his death in 606 CE, his eldest son Rajyavardhana ascended the throne, who was later murdered by a rival, which led to Harsha ascending to the throne at age 16. In the following years, he conquered much of North India, extended to Kamarupa, and eventually made Kannauj his capital, and ruled until 647 CE. His biography Harshacharita ("Deeds of Harsha") describes his association with Thanesar.

Thanesar is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under the sarkar of Sirhind, producing a revenue of 7,850,803 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 1500 infantries and 50 cavalries. It had a brick fort at the time.

Majority of architectural remains including Karavan serai, cells, and various arched and vaulted structures date from the Mughal period. Building remains of a large palatial structure from the pre-Islamic era were also found with two distinct phases of construction which exposed brick covered drains and rooms situated around a central courtyard.

Sack of Sthaneshwar by Mahmud of Gazni
Thanesar was sacked and many of its temples were destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011.

'The city of Taneshar is highly venerated by Hindus. The idol of that place is called Cakrasvamin (Chakra Swami), i.e. the owner of the cakra, a weapon that we have already described. It is of bronze and is nearly the size of a man. It is now lying in the hippodrome in Ghazna, together with the Lord of Somnath, which is a representation of the Mahadeva, called Linga."

Firishta records that In the year A.H. 402 (A.D. 1011) Mehmood Gazini resolved on the conquest of Thanesur, the most sacred Hindu place, in the kingdom of Hindoostan. It had reached the ears of the King that Thanesar was held in the same veneration by idolaters, as Mecca by the faithful; that they had there set up a number of idols, the principal of which they called Jugsoma, pretending that it had existed ever since the creation.

Mahmud, having reached Thanesar before the Hindus, had time to take measures for its defence; the city was plundered, the idols broken, and the idol Jugsoma was sent to Ghazni to be trodden underfoot. According to Haji Mahommed Kandahary, a ruby was found in one of the temples weighing 450 mithqals. It was allowed by everyone who saw it to be a wonder that had never been heard of. About the attack on Thanesar, Utbi wrote "The blood of the infidels flowed so copiously that the stream was discoloured, notwithstanding its purity, and people were unable to drink it."

British era
For their participation in first war of independence, the Chaudharys and Lambardars of villages who participated in the rebellion in Haryana were deprived of their land and property. 368 people from Hisar and Gurugram were hanged or transported for life, and fines were imposed on the people of Thanesar (Rs 235,000), Ambala (Rs. 253,541) and Rohtak (Rs. 63,000 mostly on Ranghars, Shaikhs and Muslim Kasai).

Geography
Thanesar is located at 29.96667°N, 76.81667°W.

Demographics
The 2011 census of India noted that Thanesar had a population of 154,962. Males constituted 55% of the population and females 45% (83,655 – 71,307). Thanesar had an average literacy rate of 85.73%, higher than the national average of 74.04: male literacy is 89.89%, and female literacy is 80.85%. In Thanesar, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religious
Thanesar derives its name from the word Sthaneshwar which means "place of god." The Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple is believed to be the place where the Pandavas and Krishna prayed to Shiva and received his blessings for victory in the battle of Mahabharata. It is the central and the most important place in the 48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra. 1.5 km from Thanesar on Kurukshetra-Pehowa road is the water tank named Bhishma Kund is believed to be the spot when Bhishma lay of the bed of arrows during the Mahabharata war.

title: Thanesar


text:
User talk:MikeMaciasUH

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
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 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 21:18, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:WhataburgerField.jpeg
Thanks for uploading Image:WhataburgerField.jpeg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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title: User talk:MikeMaciasUH


text:
St. Paul Colored Gophers

The St. Paul Colored Gophers was a small club of black baseball players formed in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1907. They were not a formal Negro league team, as the commonly referred-to "Negro leagues" were not created until 1920. However, like other barnstorming teams of the time, they put considerable pressure on the desegregation of baseball. Historians rarely mention the Colored Gophers in Negro baseball history, and statistics are hard to find.

History
The club lasted several seasons, also playing under the name Twin City Gophers and Minneapolis Gophers.

In 1909, the Colored Gophers defeated what was considered to be the most powerful Negro baseball team, the Leland Giants. They were managed that year by Phil "Daddy" Reid and Irving Williams, they managed to land Taylor brothers Candy Jim Taylor and Steel Arm Johnny Taylor. Candy Jim went on to manage the team in 1910.

1907
• Sherman Barton

• Sammie Ransom

• Johnny Davis

• Clarence Lytle

• Bunch Davis

• Tom Means

• George Taylor (Captain)

• Jesse Schaeffer

• Willis Jones

• Fred Roberts

1908
• Dick Wallace

• Bill Gatewood

• Chappie Johnson

• Clarence Lytle

• Sherman Barton

• Bunch Davis

• Willis Jones

• Will McMurray

• Haywood Rose

1909
• Candy Jim Taylor

• Dick Wallace

• Will McMurray

• Sherman Barton

• Bobby Marshall

• Eugene Milliner

• William Binga

• Chappie Johnson

• Steel Arm Johnny Taylor

• Johnny Davis

• Julius London

• Jimmy Smith

• Rabbit McDougall

• Garrison

1910
• Rabbit McDougall

• Candy Jim Taylor (Captain)

• William Binga

• Mule Armstrong

• Sherman Barton

• Bobby Marshall

• George Bowman

• Harry Brown

• Lefty Pangburn

• Dicta Johnson

• Johnny Davis

• Wesley

• Ford

1911
Played as the Twin City Gophers. • William Binga

• Bobby Marshall

• Harry Brown

• Mule Armstrong

• Bert Jones

• Thompson

• Clarence Lytle

• Bee Selden

• Hardeman

• Lefty Pangburn

• Dicta Johnson

• Walter Stallard

• McDougal

• Erwin

• Davis

1913
Played as the "St. Paul Gophers". • Irving Williams

• Bobby Marshall

• Bing

1914
Played as the "Minneapolis Gophers". • Cy Olsen (Manager)

• William Binga

• K. Jones

• Clarke

• Nelson

• John Davis

• Ivertson

• Chick Jones

• C. Jones (not Chick Jones)

• Kenneson

• Lee Davis

• Kay

1916
Played as the "Minneapolis Gophers". • Bobby Marshall

• Cannonball Jackson

MLB throwback jerseys
The Minnesota Twins have honored the club by wearing replica throwback jerseys of the team.
 * The Twins wore 1909 Gophers uniforms at home against Cleveland on July 13, 1997.
 * They wore Gophers uniforms on July 10, 2005, in Kansas City against the Royals, and again on both July 21, 2012 and June 23, 2019.
 * On August 7, 2010, the Twins featured the Gophers uniforms in a game against the Cleveland Indians at Progressive Field. The Indians wore the Negro League's Cleveland Buckeyes 1946 replica jerseys. Announcers carefully referred to the jerseys as the Saint Paul Gophers, leaving out the word colored.

title: St. Paul Colored Gophers


text:
Peace of Thorn (1411)

The (First) Peace of Thorn was a peace treaty formally ending the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War between allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other. It was signed on 1 February 1411 in Thorn (Toruń), one of the southernmost cities of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights. In historiography, the treaty is often portrayed as a diplomatic failure of Poland–Lithuania as they failed to capitalize on the decisive defeat of the Knights in the Battle of Grunwald in June 1410. The Knights returned Dobrzyń Land which they captured from Poland during the war and made only temporary territorial concessions in Samogitia, which returned to Lithuania only for the lifetimes of Polish King Władysław Jagiełło and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas. The Peace of Thorn was not stable. It took two other brief wars, the Hunger War in 1414 and Gollub War in 1422, to sign the Treaty of Melno that solved the territorial disputes. However, large war reparations were a significant financial burden on the Knights, causing internal unrest and economic decline. The Teutonic Knights never recovered their former might.

Background

In May 1409, an uprising started in Samogitia, which had been in Teutonic hands since the Peace of Raciąż of 1404. Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas supported the uprising. Poland, which had been in a personal union with Lithuania since 1386, also announced its support to the Samogitian cause. Thus, the local uprising escalated into a regional war. The Teutonic Knights first invaded Poland, catching the Poles by surprise and capturing the Dobrzyń Land without much resistance. However, neither side was ready for a full-scale war and agreed to a truce mediated by Wenceslaus, King of the Romans in October 1409. When the truce expired in June 1410, allied Poland–Lithuania invaded Prussia and met the Teutonic Knights in the Battle of Grunwald. The Knights were soundly defeated, with most of their leadership killed. Following the battle, most Teutonic fortresses surrendered without resistance and the Knights were left with only eight strongholds. However, the allies delayed their Siege of Marienburg, giving the Knights enough time to organize defense. The Polish–Lithuanian army, suffering from lack of ammunition and low morale, failed to capture the Teutonic capital and returned home in September. The Knights quickly recaptured their fortresses that were taken by the Poles. Polish King Jogaila raised a fresh army and dealt another defeat to the Knights in the Battle of Koronowo in October 1410. Heinrich von Plauen, new Teutonic Grand Master, wanted to continue fighting and attempted to recruit new crusaders. However, the Teutonic Council preferred peace and both sides agreed to a truce, effective between 10 December 1410 and 11 January 1411. Three-day negotiations in Raciąż between Jogaila and von Plauen broke down and Teutonic Knights invaded Dobrzyń Land again. The incursion resulted in a new round of negotiations that ended with the Peace of Thorn signed on 1 February 1411.

Terms
The borders were returned to their pre-1409 state with exception of Samogitia. The Teutonic Order relinquished its claims to Samogitia but only for the lifetimes of Polish King Jogaila and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas. After their deaths, Samogitia was to return to the Knights. (Both rulers were at the time aged men. ) In the south, the Dobrzyń Land, captured by the Knights during the war, was ceded back to Poland. Thus, the Knights suffered virtually no territorial losses – a great diplomatic achievement after the crushing defeat in the Battle of Grunwald. All sides agreed that any future territorial disputes or border disagreements would be resolved via international mediation. Borders were open for international trade, which was more beneficial to Prussian cities. Jogaila and Vytautas also promised to convert all remaining pagans in Lithuania, which officially converted to Christianity in 1386, and Samogitia, which was not yet officially converted.

After the Battle of Grunwald, Poland–Lithuania held some 14,000 captives. Most of the commoners and mercenaries were released shortly after the battle on condition that they report to Kraków on 11 November 1410. Only those who were expected to pay ransom were kept in captivity. Considerable ransoms were recorded; for example, the mercenary Holbracht von Loym had to pay 150 kopas of Prague groschens, or more than 30 kg of silver. The Peace of Thorn settled the ransoms en masse: the Polish King released all the captives in exchange for 100,000 kopas of Prague groschen, amounting to nearly 20000 kg of silver payable in four annual installments. In the case of the failure to pay one of the installments, the indemnities were to rise by an additional 720,000 Prague groschen. The ransom was equal to £850,000, ten times the annual income of King of England.

Aftermath
In order to raise the money needed to pay the ransom, Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen needed to raise taxes. He called a council of representatives from Prussian cities to approve a special levy. Danzig (Gdańsk) and Thorn (Toruń) revolted against the new tax, but were subdued. The Knights also confiscated church silver and gold and borrowed heavily abroad. The first two installments were paid in full and on time. However, further payments were difficult to collect as the Knights emptied their treasury trying to rebuild their castles and army, which heavily relied on paid mercenaries. They also sent expensive gifts to the Pope and Sigismund of Hungary to ensure their continued support to the Teutonic cause. Tax records indicated that harvest was modest in those years and that many communities fell three years behind their taxes.

Soon after the conclusion of the peace, disagreements arose regarding the ill-defined borders of Samogitia. Vytautas claimed that all territory north of the Neman River, including port city Memel (Klaipėda), was part of Samogitia and thus should be transferred to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In March 1412, Sigismund of Hungary agreed to mediate reduction to the third installment, demarcation of the Samogitian border, and other matters. The delegations met in Buda (Ofen), residence of Sigismund, where lavish feasts, tournaments, and hunts were organized. The celebrations included wedding of Cymburgis of Masovia, Jogaila's niece, to Ernest, Duke of Austria. In August 1412, Sigismund announced that the Peace of Thorn was proper and fair and appointed Benedict Makrai to investigate the border claims. The installments were not reduced and the last payment was made on time in January 1413. Makrai announced his decision in May 1413, allotting the entire northern bank, including Memel, to Lithuania. The Knights refused to accept this decision and the inconclusive Hunger War broke out in 1414. The negotiations continued at the Council of Constance and the dispute was not resolved until the Treaty of Melno in 1422.

Overall, the Peace of Thorn had a negative long-term impact on Prussia. By 1419, 20% of Teutonic land lay abandoned and its currency was debased to meet expenses. Increased taxes and economic decline exposed internal political struggles between bishops, secular knights, and city residents. These political rifts only grew with further wars with Poland–Lithuania and eventually resulted in the Prussian Confederation and civil war that tore Prussia in half (Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)).

title: Peace of Thorn (1411)


text:
Talk:Splash page

Merge to Comics vocabulary
Since this page was a stub, I've merged it into a new page called Comics vocabulary in a bid to Be Bold. Hiding 21:20, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Splash page


text:
User talk:Lbm

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Meelar (talk) 21:20, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Randy Stufflebeam

The article Randy Stufflebeam has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable perennial candidate; no coverage of him in his own right

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Orange Mike |  Talk  14:18, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lbm


text:
Paige Summers

Paige Summers (born Nancy Ann Coursey July 21, 1976 – September 22, 2003) was an American adult model. She was a former Penthouse Pet of the Month and Pet of the Year.

Career
She invented the name Paige Summers for her adult modeling career. She appeared in several issues of High Society and Cheri magazines in 1995, and was first chosen Penthouse Pet of the Month for August 1996, but her fame came as Penthouse Pet of the Year for 1998 where she became the first North Carolinian to be so chosen. Kia Motors gave her a Sportage SUV as part of her award, in exchange for advertising. She claimed to earn half a million dollars a year. Summers appeared on The Howard Stern Show and several Penthouse videos.

Personal life
Coursey traveled as part of her career, visiting India and Australia. In 2003, she moved in with her family in Morganton. She was engaged to be married to local pharmacist and real estate owner Bracey Bobbitt on October 11, 2003. She was found dead in her home on the shore of Lake James the morning of September 22 of a drug overdose from a combination of the painkillers codeine and oxycodone.

Coursey is buried at the Mountain Grove United Methodist Church Cemetery in Morganton.

title: Paige Summers


text:
Talk:Duke's Mayo Bowl

This bowl has a new sponsor, and is called the Meineke Car Care Bowl.

http://www.meinekecarcarebowl.com/

Meineke Car Care Centers replaced Continental Tire North America Inc., also based in Charlotte, as title sponsor. This year's game is scheduled for Dec. 31 and will be broadcast live on ESPN2.

I believe other details remain the same.

 * Article has been moved and altered to reflect this change. R ADICAL B ENDER ★  17:44, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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Controversy (2022)
I have a question about the Gary Hahn "illegal aliens" incident. Please comment here, if you have an insightful opinion. Thank you. - Hard thoughtful work (talk) 19:27, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duke's Mayo Bowl


text: File:ByrdsPlayDylanCover.jpg

title: File:ByrdsPlayDylanCover.jpg


text:
Battle of Sheriffmuir

The Battle of Sheriffmuir (Blàr Sliabh an t-Siorraim, ) was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rising in England and Scotland. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009. Sheriffmuir is a remote elevated plateau of heathland lying between Stirling and Auchterarder on the north fringe of the Ochil Hills.

Background
John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar, standard-bearer for the Jacobite cause in Scotland, mustered Highland chiefs, and, on 6 September, declared James Francis Edward Stuart (the "Old Pretender") as King of Scots. With an army of about 12,000 men Mar proceeded to take Perth, and commanded much of the northern Highlands. Following unsuccessful skirmishes against John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (based at Stirling), Mar was eventually persuaded to lead his full army south, on 10 November. Spies informed Argyll of Mar's actions, and he moved his army of about 4,000 to Sheriffmuir, near Dunblane. The two armies met on the battlefield on 13 November 1715.

Battle
Argyll was seriously outnumbered by the Jacobite army (which was somewhat diminished from its previous numbers), and his left wing, commanded by General Thomas Whetham, was far shorter than the Jacobites' opposing right. Argyll's right wing attacked, and managed to drive the Highlanders back, but Whetham's soldiers were overpowered by a much larger force. Argyll came to the aid of Whetham's men. By evening, both armies were seriously reduced, and although Mar had a great advantage in numbers, he refused to risk the entirety of his army, allowing Argyll to withdraw.

The battle was inconclusive, with both sides claiming victory. However, in strategic terms Argyll had halted the Jacobite advance. Those government regiments present during the battle that were titled 'King's' were awarded the White Horse of Hanover as a badge of honour. The engagement only served to demoralize the Jacobite army who, with their superior numbers, felt they should have decisively won. Mar's French and Spanish supporters in particular withdrew their forces.

Aftermath
The modern Scottish archaeologist and TV commentator Neil Oliver states that in hindsight the Jacobite failure of the rising of 1715 seems astonishing in that the Jacobite leader, the Earl of Mar, could easily have moved past the Duke of Argyll to link up with the English Jacobites and Catholics in the north of England, had he had the merest sense of how to fight a campaign rather than lead a parade.

On 23 December, the Old Pretender, who had been exiled in France, landed at Peterhead, his cause largely lost. He met with Mar at Perth, but was unable to rouse the disheartened army. Argyll, reinforced and invigorated, soon advanced north, while the Jacobite army fled to Montrose, and the Pretender returned to France. The army moved to Ruthven, and dispersed.

The period was fatal in the extreme to the Jacobite Pretender. The whole body of his adherents in the south had fallen into the hands of generals Willis and Carpenter at Preston, and Inverness, with all the adjacent country, had been recovered to the government, through the exertions of pro-government clans including the Earl of Sutherland, Fraser Lord Lovat, the Rosses, the Munros and the Forbeses.

Casualties
The number killed, wounded, or captured on the side of the Jacobites has been stated to have been between two hundred and eight hundred, among whom were John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the chief of the Clan Ranald of Clan MacDonald, and several others of distinction. James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure, and Drummond of Logie were among the wounded. It meant that the Jacobite army had to withdraw to Perth. Argyll considered himself the victor and struck a medal to commemorate his feat.

Of the government army, there were killed, and wounded, upwards of six hundred. Archibald Douglas, 2nd Earl of Forfar, was the only person of eminence killed on that side.

A famous Jacobite song, "Sheriffmuir fight", was written about the battle. As with many such songs, the battle is presented as a noble victory for the Jacobite army. The song was collected by, and perhaps written by, James Hogg in 1819.

Robert Burns and "The Battle of Sherramuir"
The Battle was the subject of "The Battle of Sherramuir", one of the most famous songs written by Robert Burns. The song was written when Burns toured the Highlands in 1787 and was first published in the Scots Musical Museum, appearing in volume III, 1790. It was written to be sung to the "Cameronian Rant".

Burns knew that the battle ended so inconclusively that it was unclear which side had won and the poem is the account of the battle by two shepherds taking contrary views. One of the shepherds believes that "the red-coat lads wi' black cockades" routed the rebels, painting a fearful picture of how they managed to "hough the Clans like nine-pin kyles". The other shepherd is just as convinced that the Jacobites "did pursue / The horsemen back to Forth, man" with the eventual result that "... mony a huntit, poor Red-coat / For fear amaist did swarf, man."

Dissatisfied with the first published version of the poem, Burns re-wrote it sometime after 1790. The revised version was published after Burns' death by his editor, James Currie MD in The Complete Poetical Works of Robert Burns: With Explanatory and Glossarial Notes; And a Life of the Author (1800).

title: Battle of Sheriffmuir


text:
User:Hei hei

ca:Usuari:Hei hei

Contact me at my discussion page in the Catalan version.

title: User:Hei hei


text:
File:Pema with Guy and Oliver.JPG

Picture taken at Samye Ling Tibetan Centre in Scotland of Ani Pema Chöskyi in about 1988. She is accompanied by two of her great-grandchildren, Guy (on the left) and Oliver. Pema is in her room in Johnstone House. On the shrine on the left is a photo of Chögyam Trungpa. Behind her are photographs of Akong Rinpoche (left) and his brother.

title: File:Pema with Guy and Oliver.JPG


text:
File:Thethirteenthyear.jpg

The Thirteenth Year...A Disney Channel Original Movie

title: File:Thethirteenthyear.jpg


text:
Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra

The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra (ISO) is a major American orchestra based in Indianapolis, Indiana. The largest performing arts organization in Indiana, the orchestra was founded in 1930 and is based at the Hilbert Circle Theatre in downtown Indianapolis on Monument Circle.

History
The orchestra was founded in 1930 by Ferdinand Schaefer, a local violin professor, with the help of Leonard A. Strauss. Strauss became the first president of the ISO. In 1937, Fabien Sevitzky was hired as the orchestra's first music director, as the musicians became fully professional, paid a weekly salary for a 20-week season. The orchestra quickly ascended to national prominence, issuing a series of phonograph recordings on RCA Victor and Capitol Records in the 1940s and early 1950s. Some of the orchestra's earliest recordings have been reissued.

In 1956, Izler Solomon was appointed music director. The orchestra toured nationally and produced a series of international salute concerts. This series won a US State Department Award.

The orchestra performed in such venues as Clowes Hall on the campus of Butler University and Caleb Mills Hall. John Nelson became music director in 1976. During his tenure, the orchestra relocated to the renovated Hilbert Circle Theatre in downtown Indianapolis, which re-opened on October 12, 1984. Nelson brought the ISO back to the airwaves on NPR and PBS, as well as concerts in Carnegie Hall in 1989 and 1991 and at the Kennedy Center. In 1987, he took the orchestra on its first-ever foreign tour in Germany, with concertmaster Hidetaro Suzuki.

Raymond Leppard succeeded Nelson as music director, in 1987. Under Leppard's direction, the orchestra began a 52-week season and made a series of recordings on the Koss Classics label. Leppard returned the orchestra to Europe for two more tours in 1993 and 1997. Leppard became conductor laureate of the orchestra following the conclusion of his tenure in 2001. In 2009, the ISO announced its first-ever ensemble-in-residence, Time for Three.

In April 2010, Krzysztof Urbański first guest conducted the orchestra. He was subsequently engaged for a return appearance in June 2010 at the orchestra's summer series, "Symphony on the Prairie". Based on these two appearances, the ISO named Urbański its 7th music director, effective September 1, 2011, with an initial contract of 4 years. In May 2019, the orchestra announced the scheduled conclusion of Urbański's tenure as music director at the close of the 2020–2021 season.

In May 2021, the orchestra announced the appointment of Jun Märkl as its artistic advisor for the 2021–2022 season. Märkl had first guest-conducted the orchestra in August 2000 in a "Symphony on the Prairie" concert. On January 23, 2024, the orchestra announced the appointment of Märkl as its next music director, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of five seasons. Märkl took the title of music director-designate with immediate effect.

Music directors

 * Ferdinand Schaefer (1930–1937)
 * Fabien Sevitzky (1937–1955)
 * Izler Solomon (1956–1975)
 * John Nelson (1976–1987)
 * Raymond Leppard (1987–2001)
 * Mario Venzago (2002–2009)
 * Krzysztof Urbański (2011–2021)
 * Jun Märkl (designate, effective autumn 2024)

Principal Pops conductors

 * Erich Kunzel (1982–2002)
 * Jack Everly (2002–present)

title: Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra


text:
Talk:Heckler & Koch

Misc

 * Does anyone care if "many fans feel that HK is the world's premiere firearm manufacturer"? This does not have the ring of encyclopedic content and several parts of this article read like this, and lack citations. It could stand to be cleaned up in terms of tone and focus. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.106.188.82 (talk) 21:38, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

 * added the HK 4 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.0.149.121 (talk) 21:07, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

I can find no official mention of the name "Heckler und Koch" on any of the manufacturer's web pages. It appears that the official name of the company is "Heckler & Koch". I propose that all instances of "Heckler und Koch" on wikipedia should be replaced with "Heckler & Koch."

 * I favor the revision. --D.E. Watters 22:09, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. The move is also supported by the 'common names' policy. Niteowlneils 22:27, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * btw it's common practice in Germany (and I think elsewhere too) to replace the "und" with "&" in company names

Class Rating

 * I have rated this article as B class having checked the B class criteria Philip.t.day (talk) 22:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Renaming
I have moved the main HK page and will work on changing the other pages that use 'und' instead of '&'.

 * This link should help anyone else who wants to lend a hand in the renaming process.

Pronunciation
Pronunciation: according to HK, 'The English pronunciation is pronounced, “coke.”'
 * Yeah, whatever. Koch is German for cook, and believe me, it's not pronounced like Coke. Why the "English pronunciation" then? My guess is that H&K representatives want to sell guns instead of teaching foreign pronounciation to a people widely known to ignore anything outside their own country. --Yooden

 * Despite the fact that no German would pronounce koch as coke, H&K has decided that this is how they will market their name. As loch is pronounced 'läk ... somewhat close to 'cock', I have put it down. As for 'coke,' sorry Yooden that this apparently offends you but for the purposes of Wikipedia, your own misgivings of American culture are irrelevant. Send an email to H&K.
 * I don't know who you are, but I think some things should be considered: First, H&K is a German company. Feel free to write an article about the US subsidiary and pronounce them in whatever way they would like you to. Second, I linked to a pronounciation guide, there is not much point in finding alternative pronounciations for loch which do mislead the reader wrt Koch.
 * Anyway, I think the current text is an acceptable compromise. --Yooden
 * The 'American English' pronounciation may be 'coke', but the 'English English' pronounciation is 'loch'.

Regardless of what personal preferences may be, here's an article discussing this very same problem that should provide the final word on the issue: http://www.hkpro.com/koch.htm Also, working at an indoor range and store that carries HK weapons, I can back up this article from personal experience and with working with HK USA and HK Obendorf staff. --Swordmaster2k1 01:58, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It's pronounced however you say Loch; but with a hard-C at the start. American retardation of pronunciation (especially simple non-french, non-English ones) shouldn't come into it. "Have fun in Lose Angeles with Carlose and his coke." --86.23.55.139 (talk) 10:33, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

This is a weird argument about the pronunciation. First time seeing this on Wikipedia. Who has included All this dialogue? Shouldn't there just be the information copied from the H&K website posted above? Why still involve the process of getting to that point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.132.96.246 (talk) 21:42, 5 December 2015 (UTC)

List of Products
Does anyone else think that the List of Heckler & Koch firearms and small arm products section should be movedd to a seperate list of article? Also, could we remove the links connected with the variant models thaat only link to the original model's article? --talkie_tim 16:30, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, good idea. Maybe we could have a seperate article on it.  It is quite extensive. Lkegley9 07:15, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, rip them out. I think this is interesting only for people who already know the list by heart.
 * I did this to one of the families, I think it should be done across the board. OTOH, once the list is in an external article, I don't care either way. --Yooden
 * I'll get the list up as another article here and I'll provide a link once I'm finished Lkegley9 06:01, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Got it List of Heckler & Koch products Thanks to someone (don't know who) for redirecting it from my original article Lkegley9 06:10, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

HK19
Anyone know what the HK19 weapon mentioned here Provisional IRA arms importation could be? Thanks Fluffy999 23:33, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't exist. The only HK SMG in the '70s was the MP5. --D.E. Watters 17:55, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Fluffy999 19:23, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

G41
Why is the HK G41 under "Special Weapons"? From what I know, it's just another 5.56 roller-delayed blowback assault rifle, similar to the HK33. 70.179.127.215 20:57, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

H&K make the best weapons in the world, trust me i know from experiance. There the professionals weapons. The accuracy, power, durability and diversity makes them great and sets them apart from all other gun manufacturers.

Alex Seidel
Is there any reason that his name, unlike that of the other co-founders, is not included in the company name? If he made a lesser contribution than Edmund Heckler and Theodor Koch, that ought to be mentioned in the article. 71.203.209.0 03:13, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Stock Symbol?
What is HK's stock symbol? 68.113.47.82 18:28, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Heckler & Koch GmbH isn't publicly traded. —Thernlund (Talk 19:10, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply. Earlier, the info box indicated it was a public company.  68.113.47.82 01:01, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:H&K Factory.jpg
Image:H&K Factory.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:43, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Company ownership?
I'm hearing claims that the company was sold off to a bidder in the Middle East (UAE?). Is anyone able to shed some light on this? Koalorka (talk) 06:59, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Advertisement?
The sentence "Heckler & Koch firearms are known for their precision, durability, reliability and build quality." sounds more like an Advertisement than an encyclopaedia article and has therefore been removed. -- Mr\ Lore 00:57, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

HK, because you suck, and we hate you
Recently HK has come under fire in the (internet english-speaking) Gun owning community due to their (supposed) horrible customer service and general attitude towards their civilian market. I think that this should be brought up in their article, but I do not see how I could write it without sizable vitriol.

Anyone with an unbiased POV could check it out though.

Link to a display of this criticism, and one that has been oft repeated.

Rynosaur (talk) 22:13, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

HKPRO
I have deleted a couple of citations to HKPRO.com. It is not a reliable source for Wikipedia articles because its articles are anonymously posted and there's no discernible editorial review process. See WP:V for general rules, and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Firearms for a specific discussion of this source. Rezin (talk) 22:00, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080719173707/http://www.hksystems.com.au/news.htm to http://www.hksystems.com.au/news.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080522150520/http://www.thegunsource.com:80/Heckler-Koch.aspx to http://www.thegunsource.com/Heckler-Koch.aspx

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The company motto or the company's motto?
Which should be chosen? I'm changing it to the latter for the time being, but feel free to correct.--Adûnâi (talk) 01:18, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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About the HK Slap
Should the HK Slap be added to the article? It's became infamous in media, so it should be notable.

JoMiMi2019 (talk) 04:45, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

Naming and Werknummer
The section on werknummer could probably use an update and maybe a few examples unless the HK416 is a

 * (4) fifth-generation
 * (1) Magazine-fed machine gun chambered in
 * (6) HK 4.6x30mm.

NB: Yes, I am aware that the article previously mentions that the specific HK416 doesn't follow werknummer but that is easy to miss with the current layout (for example - I missed it until I started reading closer in order to write this text)

Instead of:

 * Naming (info about werknummer exceptions)
 * Abbreviations
 * (table)
 * Werknummer (well after the info)
 * (table)

It might instead be beneficial to do it like:

82.134.169.160 (talk) 15:38, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Naming
 * Abbreviations and Werknummer
 * (table)
 * (table)

title: Talk:Heckler & Koch


text:
User:Robert Spiller

The Many Moods Of Robert Louis
I am somewhat of a greenhorn to this cyber encyclopedia of wonders. My goal purpose in Wikipedia is to educate & learn from others of this site. I intend to make the best, of this experience. Certainly to give a proper historical biography, of all the important musical figures, of the past 20th century.

Some of my talents in musical instruments are..... the Harmonica(Diatonic key of C), Drums, & entry level Tenor Saxophonist. As for vocal composition, Singing, & composing musical lyrics is my main expertise.
 * About Myself I am quiet mile mannered man, with an ambition to succeed in the musical business.

Robert's Mood

title: User:Robert Spiller


text:
Marcel Paul

Marcel Paul (12 July 1900 – 11 November 1982) was a French trade unionist and communist politician. He was also a Nazi concentration camp survivor and later served as a member of the French parliament.

Biography
Marcel Paul was a foundling. His birthday is given as 12 July 1900, the date he was found in the 14th arrondissement in Paris. He began working at age 13, and became politically active at the age of 15 with socialist youth against the war.

He was conscripted into the navy, where he joined the sailors who refused to be a strikebreaker against striking workers at the Saint-Nazaire power station. At his discharge, he settled first at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, then Paris, where he worked as an electrician. In 1923, he left the French socialist party and in 1927, joined the French Communist Party (PCF), becoming close to Maurice Thorez, though he maintained his union ties.

He was conscripted into the army in 1939 during the Phoney War. Paul was taken prisoner by the Nazis, but managed to escape and fled to Brittany, where he established contact with the PCF and its regional leader, Auguste Havez. Paul joined Havez to form a branch of the party aiming to integrate the Resistance. In November 1940, he returned to Paris and led an insurgent group, the PCF's Organisation Spéciale ("Special Organization"), while creating connections with the trade unions. The Organisation Spécial was later renamed FTP-MOI),

Paul organized an attack against Hermann Göring, but it failed. He was denounced and arrested on 13 November 1941 and tortured by Prefecture of Police Special Brigadesmen in the police station of Saint-Denis. First held in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, he was transferred to Blois and delivered to the Germans. He was then taken to Compiègne and subsequently deported to Auschwitz concentration camp and Buchenwald. While at Buchenwald, he took part in the April 1945 insurrection. Paul also helped save the life of many inmates, including the industrialist Marcel Dassault, who later became an important financial backer of the PCF newspaper L'Humanité. As a prominent prisoner of the Buchenwald concentration camp, Marcel Paul spoke at the liberation celebrations at the Buchenwald National Memorial in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

After the liberation of France, he became Minister of Industrial Production of the interim government under Charles de Gaulle. He voted for nationalization of electricity and natural gas on April 8, 1946, creating Électricité de France and Gaz de France. He was deputy leader of the PCF in Haute-Vienne at the Second Constituent National Assembly and served in the French National Assembly from 1945 to 1948, when he resigned. Paul was on the Central Committee of the PCF from 1945 to 1964.

Paul was named an officer of the French Legion of Honor in April 1982. After the ceremony on 11 November 1982 at the Place de l'Étoile in Paris, Paul was taken ill and died at his home a few hours later.

Legacy
The great hall of the labour council in Saint-Denis bears his name, as well as a number of streets in various cities in France, including in the 14th arrondissement in Paris. Many streets, avenues, squares, halls and tramway stations bear his name. A stele paying tribute to him has been erected on the cliff top overlooking the Flamanville nuclear site (Manche). In 1992 the French Post Office issued a postage stamp in tribute to his memory.

Post-mortem controversy
Two years after Paul's death, a controversy arose concerning his activities in Buchenwald. Laurent Wetzel, a CDS politician from Sartrouville, wrote an article in which he explained his refusal to support renaming a local street after Paul. He accused Paul of having cooperated with the internal management at the camp, thereby having determined the fate (the death) of a number of prisoners and he accused Paul of having given greater priority to the interests of his party. The Association Dora-Buchenwald and the Fédération nationale des déportés et internés résistants et patriotes filed a libel suit. The trial was held in Versailles and heard testimony from a number of former concentration camp prisoners. Wetzel was acquitted but the court refused to rule on the historical truth. A similar accusation had been raised against Paul in 1946.

title: Marcel Paul


text:
Talk:List of guest appearances in Doctor Who

Guest Star vs Guest Appearance.
As has been discussed at great length before, including several AfD nominations, if we make the bar for entry just any old actor that has appeared in an episode of Doctor Who you end up with a pretty comprhensive list of every bit part actor to have worked in the UK for the last 47 years. This would be an enourmous, arbritrary and meaningless list. Hence the consensus has been shown to clearly support that there be some notabillity to the person appearing. i.e. at the time of them appearing thier appearance was a notable thing, as opposed to just an actor doing a job. --ThePaintedOne (talk) 09:16, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

Please don't take this the wrong way, but are you out of your mind? Look at the names you've removed: Ian McNeice, Bill Paterson, Helen McCrory, Toby Jones. They've all had long and distinguished careers and should at the very least qualify as "guest stars." You even removed Alex Kingston and she's still listed in the Tenth Doctor section! If you want to be consistent, why not remove most of those names while you're at it. 149.119.226.145 (talk) 13:18, 10 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Now now, no need to get personal. If you want to make a case for someone, go ahead, but by what stretch is Darren Morfitt notable? As for the others, I checked each one's wiki page before removing them. They may have long careers but they are hardly A-list actors. They have long careers being character actors playing workaday characters in TV dramas, exactly as they have done in DW. None of these are the kind of actors who most people would go 'oh looks its...' when they appear on screen. Note, this is no critisism of them, its just what they do for a living. As for Alex Kingston, she is probably most notable now for playing River Song! Other than that she's played a bunch of character parts and a long term character in ER. Now I've never watched ER, so maybe that was a more notable role than it seems. But yeah a case can be made for her, OTOH, she's half way to becoming a companion now. Have a look back at the exstensive discussions that there have been on this subject, plus take a look at the criteria that's been used in the past, and judge honestly whether all these are consistent with that.--ThePaintedOne (talk) 18:15, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

OK, OK, I'm sorry for getting personal. My point is that the people I mentioned may not have the most recognizable "names" in show business but they themselves would be recognizable to a regular viewer of British television and/or movies. I've heard that Doctor Who is one of the few shows that can request guest stars rather than have them be assigned. I'll bet you anything the production team specifically sought out people like Paterson and McCrory rather than just any old "workaday actors". I concede your point about Darren Morfitt but again look at the Tenth Doctor section. Michael Brandon? Hugh Quarshie? Maybe the criteria should be actors who've had prominent roles in popular movies and/or been a regular on a TV show that ran for several years. Just a suggestion. And FYI, Alex Kingston was a regular on ER, a show which received high ratings in the US and the UK, for seven years. That makes her notable in my opinion.149.119.226.145 (talk) 13:01, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The fact that some of the existing names on the list are dubious shouldn't necesarily be taken as a guide to putting in new ones. The list used to be way, way longer than this and has been progressively trimmed down to something approaching sanity. At one point it was more or less every single person who had appeared in Doctor Who without becoming a regular, which for a show that's been active for around 30 years is a big list! There is no real 'rule' for inclusion, which is partially why the previous debate has been so heated at times. For me the criteria should be along the lines that the appearance itself should be notable, so as you suggest an average TV viewer would go 'oh look its such and such from xxx'. OTOH, I'm not sure whether Sophie Okonedo qualifies for that, but as an Oscar nominated actress I think it reasonable to keep her in. I'm a regular UK TV viewer and I didn't really get that reaction to most of the names I took out, but I don't have any monopoly on who is notable here. As a suggetion, why don't you review the ones you put in, in light of this discussion, and take out the ones you think on reflection don't meet the bar. Feel free to dip into the tenth doctor ones you mention as well. I think that would give a reasonable compromise answer?--ThePaintedOne (talk) 13:44, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Returning Regulars.
Over the last couple of days a number of entries have gone in for people who were previosly regulars on the show, coming back in for a one off. e.g. All the previous Doctors in the multi-doctor stories and various companions doing a guest spot.

I'm not necesarily opposed, but thought it worth maybe discussing if this is within the scope of the article and any guidelines we might want to think about?

A few instances caught my eye as being possibly 'edge cases'

In some cases the person is only really notable for thier previous DW work, does that count?

Richard Hurndall in the Five Doctors. From just looking at his wikipedia article, about half of it is concerning this guest spot standing in as William Hartnell. On his own I don't think his appearance would be notable, does it become notable when he's doing a stand in?

Sarah Jane and Captain Jack, both have other series active in Doctor Who and indeed mentioned on this page. Does that make thier appearance in DW a guest spot or semi-regular? The same would presumably apply to the Doctor appearing those other shows?

The Brigadier has appeared in lots of stories scattered throughout the show, surely he is just a very long term regular?

Again, I'm not really advocating a particular approach, just thought it worth discussing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ThePaintedOne (talk • contribs) 11:02, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Although I'm not delighted at seeing the page being expanded again, looking at it, I'd have to agree that some of these are valid. William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton did make guest appearances in The Three Doctors, in fact, I'd say that these are the epitome of a guest appearance. However, I have removed some. Tom Baker and William Hartnell didn't guest in "The Five Doctors" - they just used old clips (same goes for The Beatles in The Chase). Also removing Richard Harndall and Bret Vyon - not guests. Mostly it's fair enough though.--Tuzapicabit (talk) 12:21, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Alexander Siddig
Hi, After seeing quite a bit of discussion about who goes in and who stays out I thought I'd better propose rather than be bold (especially if he's been deleted before). I think Alexander Siddig might need to be added to the Big Finish section. He's been in 3 productions. His notability for this is having previously had a regular character in Star Trek:Deep Space Nine (I note that the same section of the article currently includes Peter Jurasik who similarly had a series regular role on rival show Babylon 5). Ka Faraq Gatri (talk) 22:46, 13 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd say he definitely qualifies.--ThePaintedOne (talk) 07:17, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Fab. I've added him.  Ka Faraq Gatri (talk) 10:19, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Archive
As the page now seems to be relatively stable, and the existing talk was rather lengthy and in places acrimonious, I've put in an archive. New editors wishing to be bold would probably be well served by reviewing the old conversations though!--ThePaintedOne (talk) 07:34, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Peter Glaze
Could someone with authoritative sources check this one please: there was a persistent rumour at the time that PG, then "notable" as a comedic presenter on the childrens' programme Crackerjack, appeared on DW in the story "The Sensorites", as one of the Sensorites. -- Simon Cursitor (talk) 14:03, 7 September 2012 (UTC) Or possibly as a human -- Simon Cursitor (talk) 13:15, 12 September 2012 (UTC) I have obtained a copy of the BBC DVD which lists him in cast as "Third Sensorite". On this basis I propose to include PG in the article itself. -- Simon Cursitor (talk) 10:11, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Andrew Garfield
I added Andrew Garfield as a guest star for the 10th Doctor. He was in two episodes, and is probably notable enough now to make the list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.250.130.50 (talk) 14:47, 3 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Removed. Note the opening paragraph of the article: "These actors were well-known names at the time of their appearance in the series, which frequently caused interest in the media towards the latest story. Actors who became famous after their Doctor Who appearance are not present in this list." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.184.24 (talk) 23:20, 17 July 2015 (UTC)

Tamsin Greig
I'd like to propose Tamsin Greig as a Ninth Doctor addition. The same episode as Simon Pegg actually (The Long Game). She played (and is credited as) the Nurse. Black Books (from where I previously recognised her) finished airing in 2004 which predates this episode. JDC 13:55, 29 July 2017 (UTC)