text:
User talk:Santtus

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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 11:50, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome! (In the other sense of welcome...) -- Essjay ·  Talk 23:11, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Contrast ratio
Thank you for adding the references. The article suddenly a lot more authoritarian! Keep up the good work. Shawnc 12:10, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Extended Information in Move-to Boxes
I understand that you want to keep a template box small and concise. And I agree that these cleanup boxes look very ugly when they appear in an article.

That is precisely the point. They should look ugly (IMHO) and grate on you so much that you want to either remove them or try to fix and address the problem right away. Of course that is my own opinion and you obviously have a different one.

Keep in mind that I'm trying to respond to a huge problem that the Wikibooks project has been facing, where some editors on Wikipedia are not really understanding what a Transwiki of content really involves, and that a huge number of mistakes have been occuring when content is removed from Wikipedia and then dumped on Wikibooks without any sort of consideration that it is anything other than Wikipedia II. Much of this content really is subsequently deleted, and as an administrator on Wikibooks I usually get the brunt of dealing with the people who wrote that content, still confused as to why it was removed from Wikipedia in the first place.

The situation got so bad that Jimbo himself had to go in and delete some of the content. I kid you not here.

Of course this is also from the same people who thought that Wikibooks (the article, not the project) needed to be deleted simply because it wasn't notable enough. Perhaps it should be. --Robert Horning 12:07, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

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Floppy disk
Good point with the howto request. I've had a stab at a replacement section ... richi 13:05, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Santtus


text:
User talk:Zherji

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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 11:50, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zherji


text:
User talk:Pjetter

__NOINDEX__

Welcome
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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 11:50, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Hi LondenP
Because of the block on Wiki-NL, here my comment; I'm not laughing my ass off, as you suggested on the dutch wikipage. On the contrary, I didn't intend a whole blocking and anti-blocking procedure? In fact I didn't even mention your name, nor .Koens in my story. I oppose the abuse of power of moderators and others and have the right to do so. It's not me who kept the dutch Wikipedia one month free of geological articles, that was Siebrand. But I know I'll never persuade you. You and your power-loving mates try to build a fortress on the "ouwe-jongens-krentenbrood"group on Wiki-NL, supporting eachother and gossiping over obscure channels as IRC. Be so honest to say so, be the JeroenVrp or Troefkaart who want certain people excluded from "their" community. It's a bit strange however, that those two supply blocks to others who use phrases like "get off my page". Cheers, mate! Torero 22:23, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ik kon geen andere reden bedenken waarom je eerste edit meteen weer zo beledigend was; dus dan heb ik verkeerd gedacht. Torero, ik vind jouw discussietechniek slecht, maar ik zag je altijd wel als een intelligent iemand, daarom begrijp ik gewoon niet dat je op dezelfde voet doorgaat. Jouw discussie-aard zorgt ervoor dat mensen afscheid nemen van wikipedia, die de atmosfeer niet bevalt, daarnaast zijn er heel wat mensen die minder gemotiveerd zijn en dus minder edits hebben. Als je je nou eens zou veranderen en niet zo beledigend bent, zou je een waardevolle medewerker zijn (en gewaardeerd ook door mij). Echter ik denk dat die hoop zinloos is. Londenp 13:58, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Just for the record: you are the only one causing yourself to be banned. No one else. See my comment on your nl.wp talk page. Stick to creating an encyclopedia and stop insulting other users to be enabled to do what you say you would like to do. Siebrand 20:50, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

Significant figures
In most English-language countries, a comma is a thousands separator, not a decimal point. So "12,300" is twelve thousand three hundred, and rounding to two significant figures is "12,000" not "12". --Calair 12:15, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely right, I apologize. Another "problem" though is that with 12,300 (English) you can have 3, 4 or 5 or even more siginificant figures.Londenp 19:54, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Seguir el pulso
Dear Sir Dimtri Nikolaj, and Estimated mr. Londenp: I herewith like to really thank you for your helpfull support in the case of my recent astonishing blocking up from further editing again. In the mean time with best regards I remain faithfully yours: D.A. Borgdorff - e.i. MASc. by 86.83.155.44 (talk) 13:07, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Guido den Broeder
A discussion of Guido den Broeder's conduct and status as an editor has begun at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:ANI#Improper_use_of_MfD_page.3F

I've alerted you since you are on his "respected user" list WLU (t) (c) Wikipedia's rules: simple/complex 02:41, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Pjetter


text:
List of castles in Armenia

In total, there are approximately 293 castles or ruins of castles in Armenia.

Castles in Tavush Province

 * Aghjkaghala Castle
 * Aghli Berd
 * Aghtamir Fortress
 * Alberd
 * Ardar Davit
 * Arin Berd - Also known as Erebuni Fortress.
 * Berdakar
 * Berdavan Fortress - Most likely built between the 10th and 11th centuries; 17th-century reconstruction with church nearby (Tavush Province, Armenia).
 * Berdidash
 * Berdi Dosh
 * Berdi Glukh
 * Dzernak Fortress
 * Erebuni Fortress - Also known as Arin Berd and Yerevani Berd; Massive Urartian fortress (Erebuni Masiv, Yervan, Armenia).
 * Geghi Berd - Also known as Kakavaberd.
 * Ghalinjakar - Commonly known as Berdavan Fortress.
 * Ghaluchay Fort
 * Ghslakh Fortress
 * Heghi Dar
 * Hnaberd Fortress
 * Horom Citadel - Ancient Bronze Age through Urartian fortification (Shirak Province, Armenia).
 * Hraskaberd
 * Ishkanaberd - Formerly Teyseba, now commonly known as Odzaberd.
 * Ishkanats Amrots
 * Kaftarli Fort
 * Kapuyt Berd
 * Karmir Berd - Fortified settlement from the end of the 2nd millennium BC, located along the right bank of the Hrazdan River (Yerevan, Armenia).
 * Khoshap
 * Lori Berd
 * Matsnaberd
 * Metsep Fortress
 * Mrtbi Dzor
 * Solyani Fort
 * Tavush Fortress
 * Teishebaini - The site of a Urartian city located within modern Yerevan.
 * Tsamakaberd Fortress
 * Tsitsernakaberd - Once an Iron Age fortress, now the modern Armenian Genocide Memorial (Yerevan, Armenia).
 * Vanki Amrots
 * Yerevani Berd - Commonly known as Erebuni Fortress.
 * Yergevanits Fortress
 * Yervandakert Fortress
 * Zeva Fortress
 * Zhami Dar

title: List of castles in Armenia


text:
User talk:GoktimusPrime

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Image Tagging Image:Onokojin.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Matrixtoy.JPG
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title: User talk:GoktimusPrime


text:
User talk:Terfili

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Romansh continuum
Hi Terfili, about this edit : I know that the Romansh dialects are linked by a chain of mutual intelligibility whereby adjacent dialects cause no problems for local speakers but those farther geographically can cause communication difficulties. The fact that there is a West Romance chain coupled with the knowledge that Romansh is within this sphere surmises that any variation in Romansh usage is rigid. Take Italy for example: one standard language but dozens of dialects from Sicily to Venice but no abrupt changes anywhere. From Italy to France via Piedmont and Occitan regions of France, Italian is linked with French, and from France to Spain via Catalonian registers on both sides of the border (including Andorra), another link exists. You also know about the Iberian links between Spanish and Portuguese though forms such as Galician, Asturian, Mirandese - one spoken on one side of a border but considered a form of the other, etc. and the whole ethnic/national identity often comes into question for some. My worry is that by claiming Romansh to have a continuum but not ackowledging the wider group could indicate to some that Romansh is Latin-derived but not connected - as though its speakers developed their language in a remote destination for generations before returning to a region where related languages are spoken but loss of intelligibility means the language remains different, all of thise while the intermediate dialects between French and Italian with their relics in everyday speech both in Franco-Italian border areas and French/Italian cantons of Switzerland might just be something else! See my point? This could be like Istro-Romanian (East Romance and unconnected to West Romance through break in chain centuries ago) being spoken in the region just as it is indeed spoken in an area where some pockets of people continue to speak Venetian (incidentally, Romansh). The Istro-Romanian (east) and Venetian (west) are different enough for one not to influence the other (plus the standard language is Croatian in that region), rather like Schleswig-Holstein where you get Danish (north Germanic) and German (west Germanic) spoken side by side - they too are subjected to a broken chain. Evlekis (Евлекис) (argue) 19:30, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I see the point you're trying to make and I'm aware of the Romance dialect-continuum from Normandy to Sicily. You don't even have to go that far for an example: the "Italian" dialect of the Val Bregaglia was considered a Romansh dialect until the 17th century, when they decided for whatever reason that they were going to be using an Italian bible instead of a Romansh one. But I don't think the section on the dialect of Romansh is the right place to explain all this. The section "Linguistic classification" might be a more suitable place. It's important to stick to the subject though, since there are so many things to say about Romansh that it's impossible to mention and explain everything. I could write an entire article about the classification of the dialects of Romansh by itself, so I don't think its a good idea to explain the classification of the Romance languages there. --Terfili (talk) 20:42, 11 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Good points, but then looking from the other angle and avoiding the confusion of West Romance (and frankly, dialect continuum is a technical issue not widely known to novices and its mention should only be if necessary), I would ask whether we need to state it at all. If you think about it, it is presupposed that when you refer to a set of dialects as being a property of one named language that those dialects are linked by a chain of intelligibility. Can you imagine if one of those dialects were outside of the chain? If so then no linguist would even suggest referring to it as the same language even if the speakers identified by the demonym used by the others. It would at most be a case of one nation having two distinct languages, such as with the various forms of Arabic. I believe it is good enough to state that Romansh is a language and it has many dialects and these are spread over a vast geographical area as far as Slovenia and Croatia (looking at Venetian which I think belongs to that family). By the way, if the authorities of Val Bregaglia made the decision to use an Italian language bible, this should not have affected any scientific classification of to which language the dialect belongs. Evlekis (Евлекис) (argue) 00:45, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Of course "dialect continuum" is a technical term, but that's what the link is for, so that people can look it up. It's still important to mention it, since otherwise people might get the impression that there is a sharp dialect border between Sursilvan and Sutsilvan, or Putèr and Vallader for example, when really those are somewhat arbitrary divisions and the dialects gradually blend into each other. By the way, I've never heard that Venetian is a dialect of Romansh. Maybe you're confusing it with Friulan, which isn't a dialect of Romansh either though, but is often seen as one of the Rhaeto-Romance languages, a subgroup within Gallo-Romance that not all linguists are convinced even exists. And political factors are very important when deciding what language a dialect belongs to (Danish-Norwegian-Swedish being the classic example). Since the people in Val Bregaglia decided at some point that they were speakers of Italian rather than Romansh, that's what they are sociolinguistically, even if their dialect is an intermediate between Romansh and Lombard. --Terfili (talk) 14:49, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Regarding political factors governing languages and associated dialects, this is dubious when unilaterally declared versus scientific facts. You will always find scholars who contend otherwise, and a good example is Galician of northwestern Spain; many from Portugal consider it a dialect of Portuguese, the Galicians who are outside Portugal don't generally like that label but most linguists take the sensible view that standard Portuguese and Galician may be dialects of a single language but Galician is certainly exlcuded from Castillian Spanish despite being on the territory. I am nut sure about Venetian but it falls into a category linking it with one of the languages spoken near Romansh lands. It may be Occitan. If I am not mistaken, northern Italy has a very strange isogloss disecting it with Rhaeto-Romansh one side and dialects belonging to Occitan on the other. I'm not consulting the articles here and am writing ad lib according to how I've learnt things down the years and we do forget. In my opinion though, I don't believe ANY dialect BELONGS to another language, when languages are merely standards based on what is either another extant dialect (natural) or on a cocktail of dialects (stylised). In my part of the world (former Yugoslavia), you get a wild disagreement from one end of the territory to the other, especially across the Serbo-Croat zone which is mainly Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. To explain, the dialect of a municipality with a mixed Croat/Muslim/Serb population will have all three corresponding languages (Croatian, Bosnian and Serbian) declared in the census for the region along consistent lines with the ethnicities. It gets even more complicated but I won't get into it. To get back to the issue at hand - all right, I know that with language/dialects, any demarcation is wholly arbitrary as natural language can never know a border of any kind (the people of Palermo in Italy cannot suddenly be expected to talk like those in Tuscany just because they are now part of the same state - but nurtured over generations when one Italian identity is promoted, yes it can happen). I just feel that where dialect continuum is mentioned, we can produce just the slightest of hints that the continuum itself is wider, or that Romansh lies within a larger sphere, anything to that effect, it will atleast prevent it from looking isolated like Basque, or subjected to remote development like Romanian, just a brief hint, nothing more. Do you agree? Evlekis (Евлекис) (argue) 06:19, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know man, I'm just sticking to what the linguistic literature on Romansh says. As I said, the section Romansh_language isn't excessively long yet, so something could probably be added there about the relationship of Romansh to the other Romance language and especially the continuum to the neighboring Lombardic dialects, within which the dialect of the Val Bregaglia is an intermediate dialect. I'm gonna have to take another look at the book by Ricarda Liver when I get a chance, I think she might have written about it there in more detail. --Terfili (talk) 10:21, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Absolutely, if you believe it worth mentioning. Don't get me wrong, I am all in favour is implicity and keeping complicated issues out but as you know, facts and facts, comparisons are wholly relevant and the information you seek probably carries a lot of weight. Looking at my suggestion, I only wish to brush the issue in passing, not dwell on the West Romance thing, just enough so that the reader will have the sense the determine the place of Romansh is along a chain rather than isolated. Thanks Terfili. Evlekis (Евлекис) (argue) 00:16, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

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Re: Wikipedians in Chengdu
Hi Terfili,

Chengdu is my hometown. But I am living in Los Angeles right now, and only come back once a year. I am quite interested in local culture (e.g. language, architecture), and I will be more than glad to help you about anything about it.

Thanks, --本本一世 (talk) 19:07, 10 February 2015 (UTC)

Melancholibot
Dear Terfili, I understand that you have written Melancholibot located at https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MelancholieBot? I would like to ask for the possibilities to synchronize the Interwiki language links with the Vernacular names in Wikispecies? I guess soon the project will be integrated into Wikidata, and then the language links will be automatically synchronized with other projects, and I think it maybe would be good if as amny Vernacular names as possible are equivalent to the Interwiki links then. Dan Koehl (talk) 12:22, 16 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Hello Dan Koehl,
 * I have nothing to do with Melancholibot, not sure why you thought so. That bot is/was run by User:Melancholie, but he has not been active for many years. --Terfili (talk) 12:59, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

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Alsatian phonology
Hello Terfili, I just wanted to ask you, how accurate is the phonology section of the Alsatian dialect page? I've also been trying to find reasonable sources that explain the phonology of the dialect itself. I have found a few sources, even in various languages, but they still do not seem clear enough explanation of the phones or the phonemes. What are some reliable sources that give a good explanation of the Alsatian dialect? Any information would be helpful. Thanks, Fdom5997 (talk) 23:38, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi Fdom5997 (and sorry for the late reply). To me it seems essentially accurate, albeit of course somewhat incomplete. I think that /v/ and /ʋ/ are just different transcriptions of the same phoneme, and then I'm guessing that [r] is also a possibly realization of the rhotic sound (but I could be wrong, I haven't checked the Atlas linguistique et ethnographique de l'Alsace). For the vowels, I think that /æ/ and /a/ are also just different transcriptions of the same sound (one well known phenomenon is that Swiss and German linguists transcribe this phoneme in Alemannic as a very open "e" (or [æ]), whereas French linguists describe it as a very front "a" (or [a]), and so the political border appears to be an isogloss when really the sound is the same). I'm also curious what Alsatian dialect has a /ø/ (other than as part of a diphthong). For sources, I'll have to check. The difficulty is of course that there is no Alsatian standard language, and that the phonology of the different dialects can vary quite a bit, especially when it comes to the vowels and diphthongs. --Terfili (talk) 08:13, 8 December 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Terfili


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User talk:Quinen~enwiki

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title: User talk:Quinen~enwiki


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User talk:Chai~enwiki

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Chai. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Chai~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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title: User talk:Chai~enwiki


text: User talk:130.237.116.221

title: User talk:130.237.116.221


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User talk:Shane Drury

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Welcome
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title: User talk:Shane Drury


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User talk:Eggandbacon

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We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 11:53, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Tigerlou.jpg
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Image:Tigerlou.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Tgrlou-ismyheadstillon.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Tgrlou-theloyal.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image (Image:Tgrlou-ismyheadstillon.jpg)
 Thanks for uploading Image:Tgrlou-ismyheadstillon.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Orphaned non-free image (Image:Tgrlou-theloyal.jpg)
 Thanks for uploading Image:Tgrlou-theloyal.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. - AWeenieMan (talk) 02:57, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eggandbacon


text:
Floor Games

Floor Games is a book published in 1911 by H. G. Wells. This light-hearted volume argues in a humorously dictatorial tone that "The jolliest indoor games for boys and girls demand a floor." Illustrated with photographs and drawings, it briefly describes a number of games that can be played on "well lit and airy" floors with "four main groups" of toys: soldiers about two inches high (Wells regrets the "curse of militarism" that makes civilians hard to find), largish wooden bricks, boards and planks, and electric railway rolling stock and rails. Various remarks show that the book is based on Wells's experience of playing such games with his two sons, George Philip "Gip" Wells (1901–1985) and Frank Richard Wells (1903–1982), identified here only by their initials at their family home, 17 Church Row, in the north west London district of Hampstead.

Although Floor Games is often characterized as a "companion book" to Wells's Little Wars (1913), the earlier book was conceived of as a self-standing volume so that the author might later write a book devoted purely to war games. Floor Games describes mostly specific games for young children, whereas Little Wars describes war games for older children and adults.

Wells describes how the boards and planks can be used to set up various imaginative geographies to play the "game of wonderful islands" in which the floor is the sea, create the setting for "twin cities" (to allow his two sons a measure of independence in their creations), or undertake engineering projects (he describes the building of funiculars in some detail).

During World War II, the toy soldiers that inspired Floor Games and Little Wars were among the possessions confiscated by the police from Wells's son (by Rebecca West) Anthony West, on account of his pacifism.

Floor Games has been regarded as a precursor not only of learning through play but also of nonverbal child psychotherapy. Along with Little Wars, the book has often been reprinted. A recent edition of the book was published by Skirmisher Publishing LLC in 2006 and includes a foreword by game design giant James F. Dunnigan an introduction by game designer and author Michael J. Varhola.

title: Floor Games


text:
User talk:DeSinT

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 11:53, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Please use edit summaries
Hello. Please be courteous to other editors and use edit summaries when updating articles. The Mathbot tool shows your usage of edit summaries to be very low:

 * Edit summary usage for DeSinT: 52% for major edits and 37% for minor edits. Based on the last 33 major and 70 minor edits in the article namespace.

Using edit summaries helps other editors quickly understand your edits, which is especially useful when you make changes to articles that are on others' watchlists. Thanks and happy editing! --Kralizec! (talk) 23:14, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:DeSinT


text:
Steve Yeowell

Steve Yeowell is a British comics artist, well known for his work on the long-running science fiction and fantasy weekly comic 2000 AD.

Biography
Having trained in 3D design (specialising in silversmithing and jewellery), Yeowell began drawing comics purely for pleasure, with no particular intention to become a professional artist. Having shown his portfolio to artist Bryan Talbot, he quickly found himself given work by Swiftsure (on the Lieutenant Fl'ff strip). After this, he worked on a "dummy comic" David Lloyd was creating for Fleetway called Fantastic Adventure. This was his first meeting with writer Grant Morrison, who was writing the California Crew strip ("loosely based on the A-Team") Yeowell was drawing. While Fantastic Adventure wasn't picked up, John Higgins asked Yeowell to help him with a music magazine's comic strip off the back of it and, afterwards, helped him get work at Marvel UK. He started on Spider-Man and Zoids before doing Action Force and later ThunderCats.

On Zoids, he worked with Morrison again and as a result, Morrison picked Yeowell to be the main artist on new superhero strip Zenith, to run in 2000 AD beginning in 1987.

Zenith was a success, running to four full-length series plus several one-offs. Yeowell was headhunted by American comics companies and has worked on Batman, The Fantastic Four, The Invisibles, JSA and Starman. He continued his association with Morrison, collaborating on Sebastian O and The New Adventures of Hitler.

Yeowell's work is noted for delicate penmanship and lifelike facial expressions, with a notable economy of style that means that his work suits both colour and monochrome treatment. He works with a dip pen (Gillot 404 nib) and a Windsor & Newton Series 7 No.3 sable brush, as well as Rotring and marker pens, on 220 g/m2 Daler Rowney Heavyweight Cartridge Paper.

The concentration on human features means that Yeowell's work is held to suit superhero, science fiction and historical genres equally.

Later work has included The Red Seas, an eighteenth-century pirate story scripted by Ian Edginton and science fiction Triad tale Red Fang by Steve Moore.

Awards

 * 1987 Zenith: "Phase One" won the Eagle Award for Favourite Single or Continued Story (British)

title: Steve Yeowell


text:
Fluorine absorption dating

Fluorine absorption dating is a method used to determine the amount of time an object has been underground.

Fluorine absorption dating is based on the fact that groundwater contains fluoride ions. Items such as bone that are buried in soil will absorb fluoride from the groundwater over time. From the amount of absorbed fluoride in the item, the amount of time that the item has been buried can be estimated.

Many instances of this dating method compare the amount of fluorine and uranium in the bones to results from nitrogen dating, allowing more accurate estimations of date. Older bones have more fluorine and uranium, with less nitrogen. Because decomposition happens at different speeds in different places, it is not possible to compare bones from different sites.

As not all objects absorb fluorine at the same rate, the accuracy of fluorine dating is somewhat limited. Although this can be compensated for by including the estimated rate of absorption in calculations, such accommodations tend to have a rather large margin of error.

In 1953, this test was used by Kenneth Oakley to easily identify that the 'Piltdown Man' was forged, almost 50 years after it was originally 'unearthed'. It was also used to disprove the validity of the Calaveras Skull, the first use of fluorine dating on human bone.

title: Fluorine absorption dating


text:
Success Park 'n' Ride

Success Park 'n' Ride was a Transperth bus station located next to the current Cockburn Central Train/Bus Interchange. It was established on 21 March 1999 and decommissioned on 22 December 2007. After that it was superseded by its nearby station in Cockburn Central.

Bus routes
There were two bus routes travelling to Fremantle while three bus routes travelling to the Perth City via Kwinana Freeway and the rest of them serving the nearby suburbs around the bus station.
 * Stand 1
 * 133 to Beeliar
 * 134 to Beeliar
 * 137 to Success
 * 139 to Banjup
 * 193 to Banjup
 * 194 to Booragoon bus station via Murdoch Park 'n' Ride
 * 612 Special event services
 * 794 to Esplanade Busport via Kwinana Freeway

 * Stand 2
 * 183 to Esplanade Busport via Kwinana Freeway & Murdoch Park 'n' Ride
 * 193 to Esplanade Busport via Kwinana Freeway

 * Stand 3
 * 136 to Fremantle station
 * 510 to Fremantle station

 * Stand 4
 * 183 to Aubin Grove
 * 188 to Murdoch Park 'n' Ride

title: Success Park 'n' Ride


text:
Queer Eye for the Straight Girl

Queer Eye for the Straight Girl, which aired from January to May 2005, is a spin-off of the television show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. As the name suggests, the program focuses on makeovers for women while following the format of the original show. While the original show is mostly set in New York City, Queer Eye for the Straight Girl is set in Los Angeles. The hosts are called "The Gal Pals" and include three gay men and a lesbian. The show was unsuccessful and ended after the first season.

The Gal Pals

 * Robbie Laughlin ("The Look") – specializes in fashion and beauty tips.
 * Danny Teeson ("The Life") – specializes in lifestyle.
 * Damon Pease ("The Locale") – specializes in interior design and furniture.
 * Honey Labrador ("The Lady") – specializes in character building and expounds the three other areas.

Reception
People said, "Laughlin appears ticketed for the chief quipster's role, though he lacks the waspish wit of Straight Guy's Carson Kressley. Labrador is buff and sexy, and Teeson has a New Age slant that suggests he's about inner peace as well as party planning. The cast is adequate, but the show comes off as a calculated Queer Eye brand extension." The New York Times's Alessandra Stanley wrote, "What began as a carefree makeover lark turns into a Queen for a Day tear-jerker, and that is more unsettling than it is amusing."

In a positive review, The Washington Post television critic Tom Shales said, "It may not be original, but in context and under the circumstances, it's definitely good for a lump in the throat. Queer Eye for the Straight Girl, like its predecessor, makes Television Land a nicer place to hang out."

title: Queer Eye for the Straight Girl


text:
Peggy Herbison

Margaret McCrorie Herbison (11 March 1907 – 29 December 1996) was a Scottish Labour politician who was Minister of Social Security from 1964 to 1967.

Early life
Herbison was born on 11 March 1907 in Shotts, Lanarkshire to Maria Jane McCrorie and John Herbison, a coal miner. She was schooled at Dykehead primary school and Bellshill Academy. She attended the University of Glasgow graduating with an MA in English in 1928. While at university she chaired its Labour Party branch. From 1930 to 1945 Herbison worked as a teacher of English and history at Maryhill primary school and Alan Glen's secondary school, both in Glasgow. She also worked as an economics tutor at the National Council of Labour Colleges, and served on the Miners' Welfare Commission. During this time she was active in local Labour politics.

Political career
After the death of her father in the coal mine in which he worked, his miners' lodge nominated her as a candidate for the North Lanarkshire constituency. She won the nomination, and subsequently took the seat at the General Election of 1945 from the Conservative Sir William Anstruther Grey.

In government, she held office as Joint Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1950 to 1951, as Minister of Pensions and National Insurance from 1964 to 1966, and as Minister of Social Security from 1966 to 1967. She was opposition spokesperson on Scotland (1951–1956, 1959–1962), Education (1956–1959), and Pensions (1958–1959 and 1962–1964).

She was a Member of Labour National Executive Committee, and Labour Party Chairman in 1957. In the House of Commons, she was Chairman of Select Committee on Overseas Aid in 1969–70. She was an early British delegate to the Council of Europe, and is believed to be the only woman parliamentary Representative - among 101 accredited in total, from twelve nations - to attend the very first sitting of the Council's Parliamentary Assembly in Strasbourg in August 1949, alongside Winston Churchill among others.

Herbison said in 1951, "Difficult times always hit women harder than men ... There’s no five-day week for women, and when there's shopping to do on a wet Saturday – and the children are cross, and then on top of it all the grocer says, 'Halfpenny up on this' or 'Penny up on that' – well, it sometimes seems almost unbearable, doesn’t it?".

Personal life
A lifelong member of the Church of Scotland, from 1970 to 1971 she became the first woman to serve as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

In 1970 the University of Glasgow awarded her an honorary degree.

In 1970 she was named 'Scotswoman of the Year'.

She died of cancer on 29 December 1996 at St Mary's Hospital, Lanark.

title: Peggy Herbison


text: Template:Motorcycle-stub

title: Template:Motorcycle-stub


text: Template:Campaignbox Franco-Dutch War

title: Template:Campaignbox Franco-Dutch War


text:
User:Tamsin

Tamsin Amelia Jones, born in Burton-upon-Trent, England on 25 May 1972. Professional singer, teacher and composer. Ph. D. on Passion Settings of Heinrich Schütz (University of Birmingham, UK, 2000). Lives in Chester, UK.

title: User:Tamsin


text:
Greyfriars

Greyfriars, Grayfriars or Gray Friars is a term for Franciscan Order of Friars Minor, in particular, the Conventual Franciscans. The term often refers to buildings or districts formerly associated with the order.

Former Friaries

 * Greyfriars, Bedford
 * Greyfriars, Beverley, Yorkshire, England
 * Greyfriars, Bristol
 * Greyfriars, Canterbury, earliest English Franciscan friary
 * Greyfriars, Coventry
 * Greyfriars, Dorchester
 * Greyfriars, Dunwich, dissolved in 1538 some ruins remain as a Scheduled Ancient Monument
 * Greyfriars, Gloucester, the ruins of a monastery, also a street named after the same
 * Greyfriars, Ipswich, founded before 1236, virtually nothing remains
 * Greyfriars, King's Lynn, the tower survives and is a prominent local landmark
 * Greyfriars, Lincoln, former Franciscan friary; only the infirmary now survives
 * Greyfriars, Leicester, original burial place of Richard III of England
 * Greyfriars, London
 * GreyFriars, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, founded 1327, dissolved 1539; rebuilt as private residence, demolished 1832
 * Greyfriars, Nottingham, founded 1224–1230, dissolved in 1539; nothing remains of the friary
 * Greyfriars, Perth
 * Greyfriars, Richmond
 * Greyfriars, Shrewsbury
 * Greyfriars, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
 * Greyfriars, Stamford
 * Greyfriars, Winchelsea
 * Greyfriars, Worcester
 * Greyfriars Monastery, Stockholm

Churches

 * Christ Church Greyfriars, in London
 * Greyfriars Church, Reading
 * Greyfriars Kirk, Edinburgh

Other

 * Grey Friars F.C., former football club, c.1870-1880
 * Greyfriars, Bristol (office block)
 * Greyfriars Bobby, a renowned Edinburgh dog
 * Greyfriars bus station, former bus station in Northampton
 * Greyfriars Kirkyard, a graveyard in Edinburgh
 * Greyfriars, Oxford, a former Permanent Private Hall of the University of Oxford
 * Greyfriars, Preston, an electoral ward in Lancashire
 * Greyfriars, Wanborough, a house in Surrey, England
 * Greyfriars, Worcester, a Grade I listed building in Worcester, England

In fiction

 * Greyfriars School, a fictional school which is the setting for Frank Richard's Billy Bunter stories

title: Greyfriars


text:
Blenheim Park

Blenheim Park is a 224.3 ha biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the civil parish of Blenheim, in the West Oxfordshire district, in Oxfordshire, England, on the outskirts of Woodstock. It occupies most of the grounds of Blenheim Palace.

The park was once an Anglo-Saxon chase and then a twelfth-century deer park. It now has some of the best areas of pasture and oak woodland in the country. The large lakes were created in the eighteenth century, and they are regionally important for breeding and wintering birds. Invertebrates include three rare beetles which are included in the British Red Data Book of Invertebrates, Rhizophagus oblongicollis, Plectophloeus nitidus and Aeletesatomarius.

title: Blenheim Park


text:
User:Profant~enwiki

 * Name, surname: Vít Profant
 * Born: 1.6.1976
 * Nationality: Czech
 * Citizenship: Czech Republic, Europian Union

I will not contribute to English Wikipedia anymore, because it is no longer a free medium. The article of "Zeitgeist_The_Movie" was deleted and cannot be written again. The same about the article "Zeitgeist" -- any mention about it was deleted and the article was locked.

Zeitgeist is a movie exposing the current criminal system, that rules in the U.S.A., which actively promotes terrorism and leads the American nation and all the rest of the world to war and to slavery. Censorship of the movie on a supposedly free medium is a clear evidence, that the movie is correct.

See it at http://zeitgeistmovie.com/.

And for you, my CIA "friends", fuck off from the Czech Republic! You might have helped your criminal friends called ODS to win the last election, but they will soon go to hell and you better cram your fucking radar up your ass.

title: User:Profant~enwiki


text:
User talk:Disillusioned kid

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 12:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

G7 Welcoming Committee Records
Hi...please don't add the category Category:Record labels to articles that already have Category:Independent record labels on them; Wikipedia has rules about not filing articles in both categories and their subcategories at the same time. A subcategory which already identifies it as a record label is sufficient; it doesn't need to be in both. Bearcat 23:26, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Page deletion
I page which is part of the WikiProject Anti-war (of which you are listed as a member) is up for deletion. It is The Left and Opposition to War, you can see its entry at Articles for deletion/The Left and Opposition to War. It would be helpfull if you could add your opinion.--JK the unwise 12:56, 10 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia Anti-war project, push to get a featured article b4 Xmass
February 15, 2003 anti-war protest, an article which is part of the WikiProject Anti-war of which you are listed as a member, has been recently rated A-class by the Version 1.0 Editorial team (see here) This means that it is considered to be of good quality. The Anti-war project has yet to achieve a featured article but with a little pushing I feel we could get this article up to FA standards. To this end I have put the article up for peer review, if you could help make this a brilliant article that would be much appreciated. Please give your comments at Peer review/February 15, 2003 anti-war protest/archive2 or on the article's talk page. Fingers crossed for a FA before Xmass.--JK the unwise 13:03, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject anti-war, Article improvement drive
February 15, 2003 anti-war protest an article from the WikiProject Anti-war, which you are listed as a member of, has been nominated for the Article Improvement Drive (by me ).

It is an article about a day of much importance both to the history of the anti-war movement and to general discussion of the Iraq war. With a little work from experienced editors it could gain FA status. If you would like to see it improved please vote for it at Make "February 15, 2003 anti-war protest" the subject of an Article Improvement Drive--JK the unwise 13:19, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Template:Anti-war topics up for deletion
Template:Anti-war topics is up for deletion. Please weigh in on the discussion. Thanks! SchuminWeb (Talk) 09:28, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Disillusioned kid


text:
User talk:Black Ratchet

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 12:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Black Ratchet


text:
User talk:Irrevenant

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 12:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Re: Category "Commodore Owners"
Deepest Apologies, Irrevenant. I have a brain like a sieve, and I forget things occasionally. As it is, I have now amended the category to include the Commodore Amiga. Once again, sorry for bogging it up. It's pretty normal practice for me! - Thor Malmjursson 13:24, 31 March 2006 (UTC) Thor's Pet Yack

Invisible Pink Unicorn
I just wanted to congradulate you on improving my badly-worded, run-on sentence in the Invisible Pink Unicorn article. As I said on the talk page, I was trying my darndest to convey my point, but in the process it got a little mangled and run-on. Thank you for fixing it, as it looks ten thousand percent better now and conveys my point a huge amount clearer. Thanks! -Jetman123 07:54, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Chinese zodiac
Thanks - I was sick of unreadable tables and realised that if the western dates were matched to the Chinese calendar instead of the other way round (which is what is usual) it all finally made sense. Hopefully someone will fill in the exact dates up to 2043, but it works ninety percent of the time Neelmack 11:52, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Shovelglove
The article Shovelglove has been speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This was done because the article seemed to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it did not indicate how or why the subject is notable, that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. If you can indicate why the subject is really notable, you are free to re-create the article, making sure to cite any verifiable sources.

Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and for specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. See also WP:V. NawlinWiki 03:48, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I copied the deleted text to your userspace at User:Irrevenant/Shovelglove. NawlinWiki 04:06, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

advice
It would be better to add all the awards to the Pavlina article, even if they duplicate. There's a policy that one WP article does not reference another.DGG (talk) 18:53, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
 * you'll have to see what people say--I have no great expertise in this subject .DGG (talk) 21:10, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Connirae Andreas
Hi. I've seen that your field of interest (at least one of them) is on NLP Now I have written an article on Connirae Andreas and there's been raised the question whether she is notable enough for an article on Wikipedia. I was wondering if have an opinion or sources in mind that may give clarity there? Sincerely Davin7 18:11, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks anyway. Got some more support now it seems. Davin7 17:24, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Steve Pavlina
The article will probably be undeleted soon. It's up for deletion review. I deleted only the most recent repost, which was blanked by the author. Mango juice talk 05:55, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

RfC on The China Study
I have requested comment on The China Study, an article which you have edited in the last six months. --DieWeisseRose (talk) 02:24, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

Triple J Top 100
No, just my opinion :) What was the objection to the flags before? Only that they aren't on the previous articles? I'd leave it for a day or two to see if you get consensus on the talk page. You might also ask the reverting editor (User Talk:Chuq) on their talk page just to make sure that is his/her only objection. Cheers, • Florrie • leave a note • 05:40, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

On Human evolution
A heads up that I reverted your edit on that page... the anon was trying to make a point with a misunderstanding of the scientific meaning of the word theory and also had added a drive-by POV tag, so I just went ahead and reverted back to the version previous to the anon's edit under the summary "rv POV edits" and although yours was caught in the revert, I didn't mean to imply that your edit was POV as well; I know yours was an attempt to neutralize the POV of the edit. Aunt Entropy (talk) 19:55, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Shareware Industry Awards Foundation
A tag has been placed on Shareware Industry Awards Foundation requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company or corporation, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for companies and corporations.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the article or have a copy emailed to you. ninety:one 17:59, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Shareware Industry Awards
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Nomination of Shovelglove for deletion
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title: User talk:Irrevenant


text: Template:Campaignbox Portuguese Crisis 1383-1385


text:
User talk:Odejea

Welcome
Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 12:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Majorca
Could you have a look at Talk:Kingdom of Majorca? Someone apparently is doubting the coat of arms you placed there. - Jmabel | Talk 05:12, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Philip I of Taranto
You've created Image:Armoiries Anjou Constantinople.png for his coat of arms during his first marriage, but I've just read an article in JSTOR (Gerola, G. The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs (1928) 53 288, 293–295) which describes an enamelled casket once owned by the couple. The arms of Thamar are described as "a double-headed eagle or upon a field gules", rather than the Imperial device in the figure you've made. You may wish to correct it to conform to this historical example. Best wishes, and thanks for all your fine work making coats of arms. Choess 01:36, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Another minor note: looking at the illustration of the casket, the label is placed over the bend, not vice-versa. Yours, Choess 03:33, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Blazons
Hi, nice idea to insert blazons into succession boxes, but this makes them too big. It still keeps in limits if it is only a box, it gets ugly at more. Furthermore on some pages you have inserted a blazon, one exists already, doubleing them is unnecessary. Greetings Phoe  talk 00:47, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, me again. Would you please use 125px instead of 200px, if you insert blazons. The latter makes them too big, in some cases bigger than the hole text. Merci et beaucoup de salutations Phoe  talk 21:31, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Bonjour ami! Would it please you to assist Wikipedia, through my suggestion?
Mary I of England needs treatment. This page is the only one I have found showing her combined arms with Philip of Spain. If you could make a graphic for her article, it may help people see more of Angleterre's Jesuit history. I would like to add that I am very pleased to see a French person interested in Anglo-French relations, even if just historical. By the way, there are some people who dispute Jean de Gand ever quartering his arms with those of le Royaume de Castile-et-Leon. Do you like this page? Here is a special treat you would really love!

MERRY CHRISTMAS!

Rhode Islander 03:12, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Merci beaucoup mon ami! I hope and trust, that there was no offence given, in my presentation of Catholique symbols before you. In fact, I would enjoy the reconnaissance of your reception. Please reply, if it so pleases your gracious editorial benefactor's will. Rhode Islander 23:45, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Coats of Arms
Hello, good work on the Arms for the Templar Grand Masters! Do you have the Arms for the later masters as well? That would be great, keep up the good work! --Tefalstar (talk) 14:56, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Armenian Cilicia Coat of Arms
Hello, why have you changed the Rupenids coat of arms on the italian wikipedia? There are no differences between Rupenids and Hetumids coats of arms? (Sorry, my english is poor and my french is worse). Bye. Franco aq (talk) 09:23, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * answer at it:Discussioni utente:Franco aq. Odejea (talk) 10:47, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Polish Wikipedia
Hello, I've translated the sentence on your user page on Polish Wikipedia :) . TR  (my talk) 19:13, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Odejea


text:
Talk:Kelpie

representative imagery
This has been brought up on talk before.

Why are we, as our prominent first image, using a nekkid lady? It makes the subject of this article indistinguishable from any old nymph article. I know the artwork is for a kelpie, but I think the article quality would be increased if we could find something more uniquely "kelpian". There must be notable art of, I dunno, a kelpie changing form from horse to (wo)man or vice versa. CapnZapp (talk) 10:45, 14 May 2023 (UTC)
 * As is, we have a grand total of two (2) images. Neither features any sort of equine. Both feature women (despite the article stating most folklore depicts the shapechanger as predominantly male). CapnZapp (talk) 10:47, 14 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest removing one of those two images. The lead one I added is not as good quality, but at least it has hooves. It seems that kelpies can change to male human form too; wonder where images of that sort might lurk. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 09:54, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kelpie


text: Category:Delegates to the National People's Congress from Hong Kong


text:
Another place

"Another place" or "the other place" is a euphemism used in many bicameral parliaments using the Westminster system (including Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom) and several rival educational establishments.

Parliaments
A member of one house will not usually refer directly to the other, but refer to it indirectly using the phrase "another place" or "the other place". So, for example, a member of the Senate of Canada would not mention "the House of Commons" but would use the phrase "the other place".

The tradition does not extend to business conducted outside the house (such as speeches and interviews), and is generally dropped when a debate is directly addressing the nature of the other house, such as in debates on reform of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The reasons for the tradition are unclear, but it has been suggested that it dates back to a period of ill-feeling between the two houses of the UK Parliament. Similarly a member talking of their own house would refer to it as "this place".

Rivalries between educational establishments
The universities of Oxford and Cambridge refer to each other as "the other place",  as do the pupils of the British public schools Eton and Harrow.

title: Another place


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RuneScape bestiary

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 05:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

RuneScape bestiary
Breaks rule #1, FAQs, of WP:NOT, in the sense that this is the sort of info you'd find on GameFAQs. I'd have put it up for transwikiing to the RuneScape Wikicity, but there is no content here. If the monsters were at least described, it would be useful. GarrettTalk 12:03, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete useless list --Doc (?) 12:32, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 15:39, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 06:37, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Dubh Artach

Dubh Artach is a remote skerry of basalt rock off the west coast of Scotland lying 18 mi west of Colonsay and 15 mi south-west of the Ross of Mull.

A lighthouse designed by Thomas Stevenson with a tower height of 145 ft was erected between 1867 and 1872 with a shore station constructed on the isle of Erraid. The rock is subject to extraordinary sea conditions with waves of 92 ft or more being encountered by the keepers. Despite these adverse conditions several men served the light for lengthy periods until it was automated in 1971. Dubh Artach is the official name of the lighthouse, although the skerry itself is also known as Dhu Heartach. Various interpretations have been provided for the original meaning of the Gaelic name, of which "The Black Rock" is the most likely.

Geology
In pre-historic times Dhu Heartach was covered by the ice sheets that spread from Scotland out into the Atlantic Ocean beyond the Outer Hebrides. After the last retreat of the ice around 20,000 years ago, sea levels were up to 425 ft lower than at present. Although the isostatic rise of land makes estimating post-glacial coastlines a complex task, circa 14,000 BP it is likely that Dubh Heartach was at the western edge of a large land bridge linking what is now the island of Ireland to Scotland. This land mass included the islands of Jura and Islay and was probably connected to the mainland of Scotland by an isthmus near Loch Craignish, south of Oban.

Steadily rising sea levels would then have slowly isolated and finally all but submerged Dhu Heartach, which today is a rounded, dark green mass of basaltic rock called augite, which is 240 ft long and 130 ft wide, and which rises to 35 ft above sea level. Submarine surveys indicate that the rock is at the eastern end of a valley stretching 80 mi into the Atlantic, which may "account for the seemingly abnormal seas to which the tower is subjected". It is an isolated outpost of the Inner Hebrides archipelago. The author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote:

An ugly reef is this of the Dhu Heartach; no pleasant assemblage of shelves, and pools, and creeks, about which a child might play for a whole summer without weariness, like the Bell Rock or the Skerryvore, but one oval nodule of black-trap, sparsely bedabbled with an inconspicuous fucus, and alive in every crevice with a dingy insect between a slater and a bug. No other life was there but of sea-birds, and of the sea itself, that here ran like a mill-race, and growled about the outer reef for ever, and ever and again, in the calmest weather, roared and spouted on the rock itself.

Meaning of the name
The translation of Dubh Artach is "The Black Rock", artach being a now obsolete Gaelic word for a rock or rocky ground both in Scottish Gaelic and in Irish. The variation between the anglicised forms Dubh Artach and Dhu Heartach is a simple case of false splitting where the final [h] of [t̪uh arˠʃt̪əx] in pronunciation seemingly is part of the following word, suggesting *hartach or heartach to the untrained ear.

Stevenson believed that 'black and dismal' was a translation of the name, noting that "as usual, in Gaelic, it is not the only one." Adamnan in his 7th-century Life of St Columba poetically calls the rock An Dubh Iar-stac, "The Black Stack of the West". Watson (1926) suggests the root is Old Irish hirt meaning "death", (which he also believes occurs in Hirta, the main island of the St Kilda archipelago), and offers am Duibh-hirteach, meaning "the black deadly one". The skerry was also known as St. John's Rock prior to the construction of the lighthouse.

Planning and construction of the lighthouse
Between 1800 and 1854 thirty ships were wrecked on the reef; however, the requirement for a lighthouse was not only to warn seafarers away from Dhu Heartach itself, but also to guide them past the fearsome Torran Rocks, which lie between the Ross of Mull and Colonsay. Originally it was considered to be an impossible site for a light, but the loss of the steamer Bussorah with all thirty-three hands on her maiden voyage in 1863 and of an astonishing 24 vessels in the area in a storm on 30–31 December 1865 encouraged positive action under pressure from insurers Lloyd's of London and a Captain Bedford of the Admiralty. The engineering work was supervised by the famous Stevenson family of engineers, the brothers Thomas (father of Robert Louis) and David commencing work in 1866. Thomas noted that "it would be a work of no ordinary magnitude". The land base for the construction of the light was Erraid near Iona. Fourteen miles distant from Dhu Heartach across open sea, the little island provided a granite quarry and a shore station once the work on the lighthouse was completed. Initial construction on the rock, which began on 25 June 1867 under the supervision of Alan Brebner, required a barrack for the workmen made of iron. Summer gales brought high seas, which resulted in breaking water falling on the roof 77 ft above sea level. It held firm, although fourteen men including Brebner were trapped there for five days, and at one point seawater poured in through the trapdoor, swirled around them and exited with their remaining food supplies. Describing a similar occasion, R. L. Stevenson wrote: "The men sat high up prisoned in their iron drum, that then resounded with the lashings of the sprays ... It was then that the foreman builder, Mr. Goodwillie, whom I see before me in his rock-habit of indecipherable rags, would get his fiddle down and strike up human minstrelsy amid the music of the storms."

Despite these hardships a 36 ft foundation pit was excavated and by 1869 a solid portion of tower rising 32 ft above foundation level had been completed. This was no mean feat. On one occasion eleven two-ton stones were dislodged from the third course of stonework and carried off the rock, never to be seen again. Robert Stevenson noted that this destruction occurred at the same height "above the sea as the glass panes in the lantern of Smeaton's lighthouse" at Eddystone. The solid base weighing 1,840 tons rises more than 64 ft above the pounding seas, more than twice as high as its nearest British rival of Skerryvore. The blocks, having been shaped and fitted on Erraid, were towed out to the rock in barges by the steamer ‘Dhuheartach’ each barge carrying 16 tons. Masonry work was completed in 1871 and the lantern, optical apparatus and fog bell installed the following year, Dubh Artach becoming the first isolated rock light in Britain to use paraffin. The finished tower rises 101 ft above the foundation in seventy-seven courses of stonework all told.

The total cost of the works undertaken by the Northern Lighthouse Board was £65,784, excluding the £10,300 cost of establishing the shore station on Erraid. However, the extraordinary nature of the work should not be reduced to mere numbers. Stevenson was moved to note that: "It would be ungenerous if a great and dangerous work like this were brought unsuccessfully to an end and no praise should be given to such men as Mr Brebner the resident Superintendent, Mr MacGregor the captain of the steamer, Mr Goodwillie the master-builder on the rock and Mr Irvine the landing master. If full justice were to be done, the list should be much longer, but I can only add that out of all the workmen who took their lives in their hand to finish the Dhu Heartach Lighthouse, there were very few who turned poltroon. And this is the common history of all such undertakings."

Early operations
Completion of the construction work did not result in an end to the hazards. At low tide the landing stage is forty feet above a boat, yet not completely out of the reach of the swell. Landings other than via the precarious use of dangling ropes from a derrick were most unusual even on calm days. The storm seas could rise to extraordinary heights. In the first year of operation, the copper lightning conductor was wrenched out of its sockets by a storm at a height of 92 ft above high water.

The first principal keeper was James Ewing who looked after the light for the next eleven years. Despite the exceptionally adverse conditions faced by the keepers, which resulted in them receiving additional payments in kind, Ewing was not the only one who served the light for a decade or more. However, some found the lonely rock and its cramped quarters less to their taste. One had to be prevented from diving into the sea and attempting to swim ashore.

Later events

 * In 1874 the principal keeper reported an incident which suggested that the rock had experienced an earth tremor but the tower stood fast.
 * Robert Louis Stevenson's connection with the construction of Dubh Artach and its shore station played a significant part in his 1886 novel Kidnapped during which the main character, David Balfour, experiences the dangers of the Torran Rocks and is marooned on Erraid.
 * In 1890 a distinctive red band was painted round the middle section of the tower to distinguish it from Skerryvore, 20 mi to the northwest, which was served from the same shore station.
 * A dispute concerning the financing of lighthouses led to an 1898 visit to Dubh Artach of some prominent persons, including the President of the Board of Trade and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Michael Hicks Beach.
 * The name of the lighthouse was changed in 1964 from Dhuheartach to the present form Dubh Artach. The reasons for this are not clear, although the latter is arguably easier to spell for anglophones.
 * The lighthouse was fully automated in 1971 and the following year a helipad was constructed to enable maintenance work to be undertaken without the need for sea landings. The Northern Lighthouse Board, which has had its headquarters at 84 George Street in Edinburgh since 1832, remotely monitors the light.

title: Dubh Artach