text:
Excerpts from the Diary of Todd Zilla

Excerpts from the Diary of Todd Zilla is an EP by American indie rock band Grandaddy, released on September 27, 2005 through record label V2.

According to frontman Jason Lytle, the EP was "a way to fill the gaps of time while recording [Just Like the Fambly Cat]". The EP received a mixed-to-favorable response from music critics.

Title and theme
The EP's title reflects frontman Jason Lytle's frustration with his hometown, Modesto, California, and has been described as "not so much a farewell as a fuck off to the town". The name comes from something Lytle saw on the vanity license plate of a large truck in Modesto. In Lytle's words, the EP "was a nice opportunity for me to produce some whiney little complaining songs about my hometown. I think it's pretty blatant; it's pretty stripped down in terms of the message." It was recorded simultaneously with Just Like the Fambly Cat, and Lytle planned to leave Modesto as soon as the album was complete, stating "In Modesto, it's like gravity is a lot heavier. There's something that just makes you feel like you're doing all you can just to keep your head above water, when in fact there's not a whole lot going on." He recorded the EP as "a way to fill the gaps of time while recording the new album. I just thought I could throw together some old songs and some newer ones and a really new one".

Recording
Todd Zilla was recorded on 8-track equipment at one of Lytle's two home studios. Its eight tracks do not appear on the band's fourth full-length album, Just Like the Fambly Cat. Some of the songs had been written much earlier, as far back as ten years before, as Lytle stated: "There are years-long gaps between a lot of these songs, and mostly they were just annoying me because they were sitting around doing nothing." Everything on the EP was written and recorded by Lytle with the exception of drum tracks by Aaron Burtch.

Release
Excerpts from the Diary of Todd Zilla was released on September 27, 2005 by record label V2. A limited-pressing vinyl edition was released by record label Devil in the Woods, containing the bonus track "Hidden Health Announcement".

Reception
Excerpts from the Diary of Todd Zilla received mixed-to-favorable reviews from critics.

Marc Hogan of Pitchfork gave it 5.6/10, calling it "a goofy, sloppy mini-album, cramming familiar Weezer fuzz, stoned piano ballads, playful analogue synths, and misguided Bad Company references into a little more than half an hour". Gareth Dobson of Drowned in Sound gave it five out of ten, calling it a "mixed bag". SPIN gave it a B+ rating, calling it "richly illustrated, grim but empathetic, epic yet humane art rock". In the view of Joey Lipps of The Michigan Daily, "it falls short of the captivating quality of their previous recordings". Shilpa Ganatra of Hot Press opined that the EP represented "a wander into the field of revolution rather than evolution".

title: Excerpts from the Diary of Todd Zilla


text: User:DYLAN LENNON~enwiki

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:DYLAN LENNON~enwiki


text:
Sosan

Sosan may refer to:

 * Sengcan (died 606), Chinese patriarch
 * Seosan, Chungnam, a city in South Korea
 * Seosan Daesa, a Korean warrior monk
 * Sosan Hotel, hotel in North Korea

People with the surname

 * Sarah Adebisi Sosan (born 1956), Nigerian politician

title: Sosan


text:
Universally measurable set

In mathematics, a subset $$A$$ of a Polish space $$X$$ is universally measurable if it is measurable with respect to every complete probability measure on $$X$$ that measures all Borel subsets of $$X$$. In particular, a universally measurable set of reals is necessarily Lebesgue measurable (see below).

Every analytic set is universally measurable. It follows from projective determinacy, which in turn follows from sufficient large cardinals, that every projective set is universally measurable.

Finiteness condition
The condition that the measure be a probability measure; that is, that the measure of $$X$$ itself be 1, is less restrictive than it may appear. For example, Lebesgue measure on the reals is not a probability measure, yet every universally measurable set is Lebesgue measurable. To see this, divide the real line into countably many intervals of length 1; say, N0= [0,1), N1= [1,2) , N2= [-1,0) , N3= [2,3) , N4= [-2,-1) , and so on. Now letting μ be Lebesgue measure, define a new measure ν by
 * $$\nu(A)=\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\mu(A\cap N_i)$$

Then easily ν is a probability measure on the reals, and a set is ν-measurable if and only if it is Lebesgue measurable. More generally a universally measurable set must be measurable with respect to every sigma-finite measure that measures all Borel sets.

Example contrasting with Lebesgue measurability
Suppose $$A$$ is a subset of Cantor space $$2^\omega$$; that is, $$A$$ is a set of infinite sequences of zeroes and ones. By putting a binary point before such a sequence, the sequence can be viewed as a real number between 0 and 1 (inclusive), with some unimportant ambiguity. Thus we can think of $$A$$ as a subset of the interval [0,1], and evaluate its Lebesgue measure, if that is defined. That value is sometimes called the coin-flipping measure of $$A$$, because it is the probability of producing a sequence of heads and tails that is an element of $$A$$ upon flipping a fair coin infinitely many times.

Now it follows from the axiom of choice that there are some such $$A$$ without a well-defined Lebesgue measure (or coin-flipping measure). That is, for such an $$A$$, the probability that the sequence of flips of a fair coin will wind up in $$A$$ is not well-defined. This is a pathological property of $$A$$ that says that $$A$$ is "very complicated" or "ill-behaved".

From such a set $$A$$, form a new set $$A'$$ by performing the following operation on each sequence in $$A$$: Intersperse a 0 at every even position in the sequence, moving the other bits to make room. Although $$A'$$ is not intuitively any "simpler" or "better-behaved" than $$A$$, the probability that the sequence of flips of a fair coin will be in $$A'$$ is well-defined. Indeed, to be in $$A'$$, the coin must come up tails on every even-numbered flip, which happens with probability zero.

However $$A'$$ is not universally measurable. To see that, we can test it against a biased coin that always comes up tails on even-numbered flips, and is fair on odd-numbered flips. For a set of sequences to be universally measurable, an arbitrarily biased coin may be used (even one that can "remember" the sequence of flips that has gone before) and the probability that the sequence of its flips ends up in the set must be well-defined. However, when $$A'$$ is tested by the coin we mentioned (the one that always comes up tails on even-numbered flips, and is fair on odd-numbered flips), the probability to hit $$A'$$ is not well defined (for the same reason why $$A$$ cannot be tested by the fair coin). Thus, $$A'$$ is not universally measurable.

title: Universally measurable set


text: User talk:68.50.50.175

title: User talk:68.50.50.175


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mwahahahaha

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was move to evil laugh (already done) and delete the redirect. Dmcdevit·t 07:51, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Mwahahahaha
This does not seem terribly noteworthy nor needed. EvilPhoenix talk 08:46, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Qualified delete. If feasible, pertinent info should be merged with laughter. knoodelhed 08:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't delete all of the information. Merging sounds like a good idea though. Maybe a redirect, or would that be innapropriate? Seeaxid 09:14, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment You do have to make up your mind for the vote to count. Otherwise, it's just a comment like this one. -Harmil 13:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd count it as a keep re use of the delete button. Then neutral on merge or redirect. Kim Bruning 10:03, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 10:04, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep . How is this not notable? It's a huge part of Western culture for villains to have stereotypically villianous laughter! Certainly more people are familiar with this subject than vast numbers of articles about science, histroy, fancruft, or railroads. It's at least as notable as Ho ho ho. However, The article might be renamed to something better.-LtNOWIS 10:24, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I change my vote to move per Morwen. Evil laugh is a better article name. We probably don't need each spelling as a redirect, but I don't think they'd hurt. Also, this article is only 7 hours old. It'll almost certainly grow with time.-LtNOWIS 17:22, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How is Mwahahahaha different from Mwahahaha or Mwahaha? It is just someones laugh... there is nothing inherently notable about that. JamesBurns 02:52, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The difference between those two doesn't enter into it. Morwen's proposal is to have the article at evil laugh, and a redirect from this spelling.  Uncle G 12:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Evil laugh (which I made a redirect to it - and has one oncoming link). Morwen - Talk 10:53, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Morwen on move. Chances of anyone hitting the exact spelling for the current article is slim, too. Grutness...  wha?  11:26, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per knoodelhed ... wow, what's happening to me today? I'm turning into a mergist! -Harmil 13:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Too many ways to spell it, this is a bad name.  I don't think this will ever be more than a dicdef.  If there's useful information here, it could be merged into laughter.  Friday 13:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to evil laugh or gloating laugh, or merge into laughter. There! My vote is cast! Mwahahahaha! -- Karada 13:48, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless we want Mwahahaha, Mwahaha, Mwahahahahahaha and others all to redirect to evil laugh. Radiant_ >|< 14:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that evil laugh is currently a redirect to this article, and not a full article in its own right. As I read your comment, you appear to to be happy for the article to be at evil laugh, albeit that you think that the redirects are not worthwhile. Is my inference correct? Uncle G 12:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — RJH 16:12, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete DJ Clayworth 19:02, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Radiant!. Dcarrano 19:42, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete wikipedia is not a dictionary. especially for the likes of onomonopeias. --jonasaurus 21:22, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Oliver Keenan 21:32, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep.  Notable for being part of Slashdot subculture if nothing else.  But there are loads of ways to spell it.  I prefer Bwahahah.  Mwahahaha! Robinh 21:52, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or redirect to evil laugh or laughter. Btw, the correct spelling is "Muwahaha", because I said so. Hermione1980 23:48, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that evil laugh is currently a redirect to this article. Are you agreeing with the move to evil laugh? Uncle G 12:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Er, um, yes. Sorry about my stupidity. Yes, move to evil laugh. Hermione1980 13:13, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Both wrong, it's "Muahaha". -- BD2412 talk 02:12, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Radiant! (and if someone could warn this user why this page got deleted, she's known for creating these kind of pages). --InShaneee 02:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure who you refer to, but the creator has four edits. Radiant_ >|<  08:50, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Merge or something, just get rid of it, it seems way too stupid to be an article in an encylopedia, so how about a rename instead --172.174.173.175 14:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Morwen's idea is a good one. I've refactored the article to go along with the proposal.  Move to evil laugh over the redirect.  Delete or keep the redirect left behind according to taste. Uncle G 14:35, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As with Radiant!'s note that the evil laugh expression (mwhahaha, etc) has many variations, as long as we mention some variation of it in the article readers should be able to find it through the search function, thus the proposal to delete the remains appeals to me. However I'm not so sure as to legitimacy of the title Evil laugh. Seeaxid 16:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to evil genius. Possibly together with "Fools! I'll destroy them all!" and the like. --Kizor ~
 * Keep or move somewhere.  Grue   18:16, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete You either know what it means or you don't. You don't need an encylcopedia for it. -asx- 05:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, if anything I'd spell it Mwahahaha, followed by Bwahahaha (for jubilant laughter), but I think everyone's different. Bad precedent.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 17:12, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * What about spelling it evil laugh, as proposed above? Uncle G 17:38:20, 2005-07-25 (UTC)
 * Oh, sorry, that's what I meant, I meant to move it to evil laugh as proposed, but delete all the redirects, as they're silly. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 18:19, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and all the redirects. The article is amusing, but profoundly unenyclopedic (how is it "megalomaniacal"?). -Splash 19:18, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I WILL DELETE YOU MWAHAHAHAHAHAHA r3m0t talk 20:56, July 25, 2005 (UTC) :)
 * Move to Evil laugh and keep.-gadfium 23:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Luke, I am your deleter... muhahahahahaaaaa... seriously though, the page name is shocking. As I just demonstrated, there is no "right" way to spell the opening or define the number of "ha"s, so we'd need hundreds of redirects, not to mention "NO! spell it this way!!!" page-move wars. Gah. GarrettTalk 02:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC) Move to evil laugh as (variously) above. GarrettTalk 14:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How about spelling it evil laugh, as proposed above? Uncle G 10:02:44, 2005-07-26 (UTC)
 * Oh, right. :) GarrettTalk 14:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Splash. --Kbdank71 16:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Evil laugh, as per several people above. DES 18:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Evil laugh. (evil laugh) Alphax τεχ 01:32, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Why do you need to delete it anyway?? Its not offencive, or is the servers running out of room? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.104.4.208 (talk • contribs) 2005-07-27 07:22:13 UTC
 * As the only one here qualified to judge an evil laugh, I rule Move to Evil laugh!!! Mwahahaha... --Lord Voldemort (Dark Mark) 18:43, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Rowaasr13

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Seeaxid 08:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
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 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

To Rowaasr13
'Morio, can you read? It is NOT part of name. Go check title screen before trying to revert this again.'

Maybe, I think that it was caused by the error of the program or something. Because I have never read or seen Shaman King, originally I cannot add anything for the article, though I wanted merely to add the link of Brazilian publisher(Editora JBC). At any rate, I thank you for your correction though the cause of the error is not understood well.--Morio 17:06, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Err, sorry then. This error is replicated among virtually every listing I've seen, because in this particular episode subbing group "Soldats" did add capition to both episode number and episode name, so many people assumed it is part of episode name. Rowaa[SR13] 18:11, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Image:MusicBrainz favicon.png
Hello, Rowaasr13. An automated process has found and will an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that is in your userspace. The image (Image:MusicBrainz favicon.png) was found at the following location: User:Rowaasr13. This image or media will be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. This does not necessarily mean that the image is being deleted, or that the image is being removed from other pages. It is only being removed from the page mentioned above. All mainspace instances of this image will not be affected Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 00:01, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:AniDB-A
Template:AniDB-A has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. Collectonian (talk) 03:54, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:AniDB-P
Template:AniDB-P has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. Collectonian (talk) 05:22, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Notice
Because of this comment

Volunteer Marek (talk) 17:21, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

Ranting (Nazipedia).
I have removed this rant of yours from Talk:Rashism. If you have genuine questions or concerns about content of an article (based on WP:RS), you are free to express them and bring alternative sources into a reasoned discussion. But such random opinions are not appropriate, and will be deleted. Thank you. Nick Moyes (talk) 15:46, 13 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rowaasr13


text:
William Ricketts

William Ricketts (1898–1993) was an Australian potter and sculptor of the arts and crafts movement.

Born in Richmond, Victoria, in 1898, William settled permanently in Mount Dandenong, Victoria, in 1934. Although not trained as a potter and never technically superior (his works, large and small, frequently exhibit cracking), the power of his vision of a modern Australia that embraces Aboriginal spirituality and respect for the natural world was his general message throughout his artworks.

His major works include the "Dromana" in the Seawinds Garden, Arthurs Seat, Victoria, and "Gun Brute" at the William Ricketts Sanctuary, Mount Dandenong, Victoria. Many smaller works are in the collection of the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney. Photographic records of his sculptures, particularly those from the sanctuaries of Pitchi Richi and Mount Dandenong, which have been vandalised, are held in the archives of Australia's libraries. Ricketts, never rich, supported himself through commissioned sales of his art and made pieces as gifts. These signed original small pieces are increasingly sought after for private collections.

From 1949 to 1960 he made frequent trips into Central Australia to live with Pitjantjatjara and Arrernte Aboriginal Australians, whose traditions and culture inspired his sculpture. He was not an Aboriginal by blood but considered himself adopted by the Pitjantjatjara nation. He left many of his central Australian works at Pitchi Richi near Alice Springs – a bird sanctuary run by his friend Leo Corbet – as he considered the landscape integral to these sculptures.

From 1912 to 1920 Ricketts developed skills in playing violin, crafting jewellery, and clay modelling. In 1934 he started his major artistic work, creating the sculpture park now named William Ricketts Sanctuary. He worked on this project until his death in 1993. In the 1970s, he spent two years in India, mostly at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram spiritual centre in Puducherry, developing spiritual empathy with Indian people and knowledge of their philosophy.

To many, including academics such as Marcia Langton, Bruno David and Mitchell Rolls, Ricketts is considered a controversial figure with his beliefs and his sculptures steeped in racism, exploitation and primitivism. Ricketts is viewed to have a white saviour complex and is quoted as believing he had been 'called to the defence of the aborigines and the continent' and that 'my creator worked through the Australian aborigine to get hold of me'. Ricketts compares his own personal distress over the environment to the suffering of the Aboriginal People. His trips to central Australia were viewed as controversial and filled with misunderstanding and tensions with Ricketts having incorrect preconceived notions of the roles of the Anangu people.

William Ricketts Sanctuary

Ricketts' major work is in the sculpture park that he named Potter's sanctuary, but which is now known as William Ricketts Sanctuary. In the 1960s the Victoria State Government bought the Sanctuary from Ricketts, and made it a public park. Ricketts lived there until his death in 1993.

Storm damage
On 9 June 2021, a severe storm in the Dandenong Ranges caused extensive damage to William Ricketts Sanctuary. Many buildings and sculptures were damaged by fallen trees and branches. It is expected that the Sanctuary will remain closed at least until 2024.

title: William Ricketts


text:
User:Gparker

gparker roams the wikipedia at random, bringing down the wrath of the copy-editor's red pen wherever he goes.

title: User:Gparker


text:
User talk:Wayland/2003

The minor edits: When I first began to edit Wikipedia (in December 2003) I read something somewhere which suggested that the way to edit was to (a) become a registered user & (b) check the box which routinely marks everything as a minor edit. Because I was brand new to Wikipedia I followed these instructions and so the first couple of months of edits I did (apart from ones where I forgot to log in) are all marked as "minor". Then I got a note from Quercus Robur telling me that it was wrong to leave all these edits marked as minor, so I unchecked the box. Looking back on it, I feel stupid to have taken the instructions as real. The instructions I read must have been someone's vandalism, I suppose. This is a matter of great embarrassment to me. (See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers).

Anyway, here are the messages I've been sent:

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Tip: you can sign your name with ~

Dori | Talk 15:21, Dec 27, 2003 (UTC)

Hi there was already an article on BBC 7 - so I've made your article redirect to that one. Secretlondon 19:39, Dec 27, 2003 (UTC)

Hi, Wayland. As we already have an article at Old-time radio, I suggest you add your content at Old Time Radio to that first article, then make Old Time Radio into a redirect there. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 17:23, 30 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wayland/2003


text:
Filippo Taglioni

Filippo Taglioni (aka Philippe Taglioni; 5 November 1777 – 11 February 1871) was an Italian dancer and choreographer and personal teacher to his own daughter, Romantic ballerina Marie Taglioni. (He had another child who also danced ballet, Paul Taglioni.) Also, although August Bournonville's version is better known, it was Taglioni who was the original choreographer of La Sylphide, in 1832.

Biography
Born in Milan to father Carlo, he received his dance training predominantly with Carlo Blasis and Jean-François Coulon. He made his dancing debut at age 17 in Pisa performing female roles. He danced in other Italian cities before becoming a dancer (at age 22) with the Paris Opera. With Vestris firmly in control there, he readily accepted an invitation to be a principal dancer and ballet master for the Royal Swedish Ballet in Stockholm, Sweden.

In Stockholm, he married the dancer Sophie Karsten, daughter of a famous Swedish opera singer Christoffer Christian Karsten and the Polish actress Sophie Stebnowska, in 1803. Together, they had two children, Marie Taglioni and Paul Taglioni, both of whom became dancers themselves.

For several years the family lived in Vienna and Germany but to escape the dangers of the Napoleonic wars, Filippo moved them to Paris. He danced and choreographed throughout Europe, mostly in Italy, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. Finally, he was invited to take a more permanent position with the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.

Once settled in Vienna, he sent for Marie, who had been studying ballet in Paris. Upon her arrival, Filippo was discouraged by her artistic progress and began training her himself. He had her practice ballet six hours a day for six months, using a level method of technique training. He was very strict with her, and had no sympathy for her aching and bleeding toes. He sought to make her style light and delicate, with an emphasis on jumps with ballon and pointe work, something that was unheard of before this time. When she was ready he took her back to Paris.

After Marie's professional debut she became so popular that Filippo was able to negotiate a six-year contract for the two of them. The triumphant première of La Sylphide on 12 March 1832, made her the most acclaimed prima ballerina of the Romantic period and him the most renowned choreographer of the day. It is said that the great Romantic period of dance was ushered in on that night. Because of this immense success, the two of them traveled widely together and toured both Europe and Russia.

As he grew older, he became eccentric and unpredictable, and eventually lost all of Marie's carefully amassed fortune in unwise speculations. Nevertheless, he must be recognized as a pioneer in a ballet style that was to alter forever the very nature of the art.

Taglioni died in Como, Italy on 5 February 1871, at the age of 93.

Misconceptions about La Sylphide
The ballet-going public knows the Romantic ballet La Sylphide as being choreographed by the Danish ballet master August Bournonville. That is indeed the La Sylphide audiences are most familiar with today but was not the version given in 1832.

The original production of La Sylphide was first presented by the Paris Opera Ballet at the Salle Le Peletier in 1832, and was choreographed by Filippo Taglioni himself to the music of Jean Madeleine Schneitzhoeffer, with libretto by Adolphe Nourrit after a story by Charles Nodier. The leading roles were danced by Marie Taglioni and Joseph Mazilier.

Bournonville originally intended to stage the 1832 version in Denmark, but the Paris Opéra demanded too high a price for the orchestral parts of Schneitzhoeffer's score. In light of this, Bournonville decided to stage his own version of La Sylphide on the same scenario, with a new score by Herman Severin Løvenskiold. The production premiered in 1836 with the prodigy Lucile Grahn and Bournonville in the principal roles. Due to the strong tradition of the Royal Danish Ballet this version is still being performed in Denmark to this day, and has since been staged throughout the world.

In 1972 the ballet master Pierre Lacotte revived Filippo Talgioni's original La Sylphide for the Paris Opera Ballet, with the noted ballerina Ghislaine Thesmar as the Sylph. Schneitzhoeffer's original score was reconstructed from a manuscript held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. As Taglioni's original choreography was lost long ago, Lacotte choreographed the ballet in the style of the epoch. The Paris Opera Ballet has since released the production onto DVD/video twice.

Works
1830: Le Dieu et la bayadère

1832: La Sylphide

1833: La Révolte au sérail

1836: La Fille du Danube

1838: La Gitana

1839: L'Ombre

1840: Le Lac des fées

1841: Aglaë, ou L'Elève de l'amour 1852 : Satanella oder Metamorphosen based on The Devil in Love (novel)

title: Filippo Taglioni


text: User:Julienlecomte

title: User:Julienlecomte


text:
Talk:Oregon Country Fair

Oregon State Fair
I'm curious why the Oregon State Fair is not mentioned? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 12.73.10.112 (talk • contribs) 01:54, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please sign your posts with ~ . There's no connection between the Oregon Country Fair and the Oregon State Fair, they are completely unrelated in ever aspect, with possible exception of having the words 'Oregon' and 'Fair' in the name. - Chairboy 14:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The issue is that Fair in the Oregon info box links to here, as if it's the official fair (which would be the Oregon State Fair) --Jason McHuff 17:29, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * "There's no connection between the Oregon Country Fair and the Oregon State Fair, they are completely unrelated in ever aspect" Actually, as of 2005, the OCF does have a presence at the Oregon State Fair with their LiveArt! exhibition. This should be added to the article as well. Katr67 20:28, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I fixed the Oregon infobox so it doesn't link to OCF any more (that was probably wishful thinking on someone's part). Katr67 20:36, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

To do
We need to add a mention of the Long Tom River and the Kalapuya, whose artifacts are found on the fair site, along with expanding on the Fair's archaeology program in general. Katr67 22:19, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Fourth Fifteenth Twenty-seventh largest city
Katr67 05:33, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Just because their site claims it is the 4th largest city doesnt make it correct. [ http://www.oregon.com/towns/population_rank.cfm]. As I see it, it can only possibly become the 11th largest city in Oregon. I have heard that 50,000 people attend on a sold out day. This would make it the 11th largest city in the state. If this is true there would be a total 150,000 people over the 3 day fair. I assume this is where they come up with their 4th largest claim, althought 150k would actually make it the 3rd largest. However, knowing what I do about the fair, it is obvious that this is an inaccurate claim. A large percentage of the people attending the fair are repeat visitors, meaning they attend 2 or more days. Counting each of these people's visits as an individual patron shouldn't happen. Even if there were 142k unique patrons, which there definietly are not, they would not all be there at the same time. For these reasons, I believe the Oregon Country Fair deserves to be recognized as the 11th largest city in Oregon. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Criptofcorbin (talk • contribs) 22:15, July 9, 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, I had a conversation with OCF board member User:Oregon Bear and he changed it to 15th, according to his calculations. Katr67 20:09, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * After being changed to 15th, it got changed back to 4th without comment here. I changed it back to the 15th and put the reference back as well. Katr67 20:14, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 15 sounds reasonable to me Criptofcorbin 12:44, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Criptofcorbin that s/he finally just took the "nth-largest city in Oregon" info out. Unless we can get a reliable outside source besides the OCF website, it is indeed hard to prove... Katr67 15:51, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Well here is a reliable source and credible authority citation. According to the most recently published population report (Mar 08) compiled by the Population Research Center, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, the population of the Oregon Country Fair (with an average attendance combined with the 12,000 on-site staff) balloons the Eugene/Springfield MSA (Metropolitan Area) population into the second largest MSA in Oregon only to be behind the Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton MSA.  This citation was added to the article.  Source: http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/PRC_2007_Population_Report2_rev.pdf Bear (talk) 12:27, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for figuring that out. It would be really good if we could get a citation to a reliable third-party publication, like a newspaper for a figure like that. I'm sure your calculations are accurate, but that sort of thing can be seen as original research. I personally won't remove the info, but someone else would be justified in doing so. Katr67 (talk) 19:08, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Recent changes
H Bruthzoo, your current revision seems OK, but please don't add what appear to be editorial comments, for instance your previous edit about "middle-aged women". I've seen you hide joke edits among a series of legitimate edits before (Smokey Bear for example). I'll assume good faith in that it must have been an innocent mistake, right? And no, I believe blog observations are considered original research. Katr67 23:09, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

References and additions
Let me preface this by saying that I am a longtime member of the Fair Family (attending since 1988) and am not continually adding tags about references to this article because I have something against the fair. But I am also an experienced Wikipedia editor and recognize that this article is far from being up to Wikipedia standards for citations of reliable sources. Yes, I have observed everything in this article as "true", but even if it is true, statements still need to be backed up with references. It should be quite easy to find reliable sources for this article. A good start would be the archives of the Eugene Weekly and then check The Register-Guard for the annual "Oh look those hippies are at it again" article.

For future expansion this article could use mention of Energy Park and Community Village.

Latr, Katr 22:07, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Oldest Festival Claim Not Supported
The oldest festival claim should be removed or edited to narrow the category to alternative festival.

This seems to have its start on the OCF Discuss mailing list. In February of 2009, there was a brief discussion of challenging the Guinness Book record. Although the Pinkpop festival cited there is considerably more recent than the Fair, there are many others much older than either. One post on the discussion cited the Portland, Oregon Rose Festival http://www.lists.opn.org/pipermail/ocfdiscuss_lists.opn.org/20090221/001034.html as being over 100 years old, as a nearby example.

RJosephNewton (talk) 04:45, 9 April 2009 (UTC) Joseph Newton 4/8/2009 21:43 PDT

 * A claim that is accurate is that the OCF is the oldest festival 'of its kind.' That is, a 501(3)c organized group derived from and promoting the Hippie culture and principles originally popularized in the 1960's. Bear (talk) 12:32, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi folks. I know Joseph was/is on the board, Bear, you're not the same person as Oregon Bear, who was/is on the board, right? Anyway, Bear, it sounds like your claim is, as I mentioned above original research. Such claims need to be backed up by reliable sources. Surely this topic has been written up in the Oregonian, Register-Guard, Eugene Weekly, or even a national publication? Katr67 (talk) 19:30, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Criticism and culture
I removed the following from the article and bring it here for discussion.

 * The Oregon Country Fair is strongly linked to other cultural institutions in the Eugene, Oregon community. Many 1960s-era counterculture icons including Ken Kesey, the Grateful Dead, and modern anarchist advocate John Zerzan either lived or made the Eugene-Springfield area their home. The University of Oregon is also a local factor, bringing many liberal arts students to a campus environment long known for political and social activism.

 * As a result, the Oregon Country Fair attracts many individuals both interested in the counterculture history of the region as well as many individuals who simply enjoy going to outdoor fairs, and vendors who profit from the large crowds that attend the event with disposable income.

 * Saturday Market is another has an open-air arts and crafts fair that is held every Saturday from mid-April to mid-November in downtown Eugene, with a focus on handcrafted goods and services as well as street food vendors. Many of the vendors who work at Saturday Market also sell their wares at the Oregon Country Fair.

 * As a result, the Oregon Country Fair has many vendors and businessmen who attend as part of a festival sales circuit. Young men and women often wander through the event holding trays of tchotchkes and jewelry for sale, but the fair has been criticized by attendees as devolving rapidly into a "Hippie Shopping Mall", with the profits from vendors and tickets alike going to valid causes.

Most of this, like the parts about Eugene, are not really relevant, and the rest is OR/POV/unreferenced. As such, none of this can remain in the article. ---  RepublicanJacobite  The'FortyFive' 16:47, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

Refs for expansion

 * Note that a Google Image search without "SafeSearch" set on "Strict" may not be Safe For Work unless you work for hippies

Katr67 (talk) 08:06, 8 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Good 2006 story from Eugene Weekly

Volunteer Element?
I noticed that there is no mention of the volunteer aspects of the fair. What are the thoughts about adding a section to explain the incredible volunteerism which contributes to the event? Lani'mae 19:41, 9 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lani'mae (talk • contribs)

Took relevance flag down after adding info to ticket section.Lani'mae

Working on rearranging the flow of information, with a goal of clear and fluid progression –suggestions? :)Lani'mae 16:50, 15 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lani'mae (talk • contribs)

Anyone object to making culture and infrastructure two separate sections? Lani'mae 16:55, 15 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lani'mae (talk • contribs)

Moving comments of info which need citations to the talk page :

from History: (A second Grateful Dead concert was held in August 1982, and another was planned for 1992 but the concert was canceled because of Jerry Garcia's health. Lani'mae

from Infasructure: It is an example of how values such as cooperation, artistic creativity, naturalism, environmental awareness, localism, and concern for the welfare of the world can be integrated. Lani'mae

citation needed - could not find a source All crafts sold must be hand-made and food sold by food vendors must be prepared on site. All food utensils and materials must be compostable, recyclable, or reusable. For example, plastic utensils have been replaced with metal ones. Lani'mae

citation needed- Because of the extra strain placed upon area roads and the local community surrounding the event during the three-day festival, festival organizers work with public transit authorities, local law enforcement and state and federal officials. Lani'mae

citation needed- The natural and archaeological integrity of the 11,000-year-old meeting site is carefully preserved. Lani'mae

citation needed- There are several stages dedicated to music throughout the fair, including the Main Stage. Other entertainment venues include several spoken word stages, the Gypsy Caravan stage dedicated to Middle Eastern dance and music, a youth stage, and two vaudeville/circus stages. Lani'mae

It seemed odd to have legal issues be the within the first section of the event, moved info and try’in a new spot for it, any ideas for a stronger heading for it?. Lani'mae 17:44, 18 May 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lani'mae (talk • contribs)

Or consdier taking it out : In 1997, then-Lane County District Attorney Doug Harcleroad and sheriff Jan Clements sent a letter to the fair board of directors threatening to raid the fair and seize the land based on the assertion that the fair was "permissive" towards marijuana smoking. In response to the letter, the OCF board and staff publicly declared the fair a drug and alcohol free event, which is enforced before, during, and after the fair by the internal, external, and pre-post volunteer security crews. Both Harcleroad and Clements have since stepped down from those posts. Since this therehas been no

i'm not sure what this infomration adds to the page Lani'mae 17:48, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

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text:
Excuse 17

Excuse 17 was a punk rock band from Olympia, Washington, US, that performed and recorded from 1993 to 1995. The band consisted of Becca Albee (vocals and guitar), Carrie Brownstein (guitar and vocals), and Curtis James (drums). The band recorded two full-length albums and a single, and contributed to several compilation albums.

History
Brownstein, Albee and CJ (Curtis James) Phillips came together to form Excuse 17, a band that lasted only a few years but would prove to be influential. Brownstein and Albee both played guitar and sang and CJ played the drums. The band quickly recorded a demo tape and then began recording for various compilations on independent record labels. Their first full-length recording, Excuse Seventeen, was released jointly on Atlas Records (LP) and the queercore label Chainsaw Records (CD). They released a second and final album, Such Friends Are Dangerous, on the indie label Kill Rock Stars in 1995, which displayed a boost in recording quality.

The band often played shows with Heavens to Betsy, including touring, not surprisingly since both bands were an active part of the riot grrrl scene. They also both appear on the compilation LP/CD Free to Fight. Corin Tucker from Heavens to Betsy struck up a friendship with Brownstein and they dated for a time. They decided to form Sleater-Kinney, a side project that soon evolved into their main focus as their respective groups ended. However, Excuse 17's recordings are still valued by fans of Sleater-Kinney, those interested in riot grrrl and queercore recordings, and record collectors in general: Such Friends Are Dangerous was named one of the fifty best indie rock albums of the Pacific Northwest by online music magazine Pitchfork. Albee also recorded with Tucker as Heartless Martin, releasing a cassette on Chainsaw Records in 1993.

Following the dissolution of Excuse 17, Albee has built a successful career in visual art. Her work has been praised by publications including Bomb, Tom Tom, Artforum, and Aperture. Her papers are being preserved by the Fales Library at New York University. As of 2017 she is a photography professor at the City College of New York.

Albums

 * Excuse Seventeen on Chainsaw Records (CD) and Atlas Records (LP) (1994)
 * Such Friends Are Dangerous on Kill Rock Stars (1995)

Singles

 * "Youth On Fire" split single with Lync on Candy Ass Records

Compilations

 * "Sevenwhateverteen" on Periscope, Yoyo Recordings (1994)
 * "Forever Fired" on Free to Fight, Candy Ass - Chainsaw co-release (1995)
 * "Carson" on Yoyo A GoGo, Yoyo Recordings (1996)
 * "I'd Rather Eat Glass" on A Slice Of Lemon, Kill Rock Stars (1996)

title: Excuse 17


text: User:Hymyly

title: User:Hymyly


text:
Thomas Chenery

Thomas William Chenery (1826 – 11 February 1884) was an English scholar and editor of The Times. His diplomatic background and choice of capable reporters helped to revive the paper's reputation for international news.

Biography
Chenery was born in Barbados to John Chenery, a West Indies merchant. He was educated at Eton and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Immediately after taking an ordinary degree in 1854, he was recruited by Mowbray Morris to work for The Times, and was sent to Istanbul. On arrival in March 1854, he soon proved himself an excellent diplomatic correspondent, covering the Crimean War, mainly from Istanbul, but occasionally from the front, where he relieved William Howard Russell. It was while he was in Istanbul that Chenery met Percy Smythe, who sparked his interest in philological studies, a field in which he would later gain prominence.

After the war, Chenery returned to London, as a leader writer for The Times for many years, while continuing his Oriental studies. Among the languages he spoke were Arabic], Hebrew, modern Greek, and Turkish. He was one of the panelists involved in preparing the Old Testament portion of the Revised Version of the Bible. Chenery's translation of the first 26 chapters of the Arabic classic The Assemblies of Al-Hariri led to an appointment as Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford, where he also served as secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society.

In 1877, John Walker selected Chenery as John Thadeus Delane's successor as editor of The Times. He was then an experienced publicist, particularly well versed in Oriental affairs, and an indefatigable worker with a rapid and comprehensive judgement, although he lacked Delane's sociability and intuition for public opinion. Nonetheless, he introduced a number of innovations, bringing in more writers with scholarly backgrounds to employ their respective expertise. His background as a diplomatic correspondent and his choice of capable reporters for foreign postings revived the paper's reputation for international news coverage.

Despite his position as editor, Chenery was unable to prevent the increasingly partisan slant of the paper imposed by Walter, a member of the Conservative Party. This shift was furthered in 1880 by the appointment of George Earle Buckle, Walter's hand-picked candidate, as assistant editor. Buckle assumed more duties in 1883 as ill health reduced Chenery's ability to play an active role as editor, though he continued in the post until his death on 11 February 1884.

He is buried in Brompton Cemetery.

title: Thomas Chenery


text:
User talk:Wayland/2004

 * 2003 archive
 * 2005 archive
 * 2006 archive
 * 2007 archive
 * 2008 archive

Hello wayland- regarding your edits to the Vegan page... personaly i feel that it is unethical to use the 'minor edit' box when actualy making quite major changes to a page- for me the 'minor edits' box should only be used for spelling corrections, etc. I've been vegan myself for 20 years, and advocate for veganism where it is appropriate, so am actually sympathetic to much of what you are saying, but find that striving to use a nuetral point of view actually strengthens our arguement. Some may percieve using the 'minor edits' box for major and POV article changes as trying to be sneaky and actually respond in a way that harms our case in the longer term. No-one has the last word on wikipedia!! Best wishes, quercus robur 23:30, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi Wayland, thanks for your efforts re books, but you may want to write in a more prose-style which is more common on the Wikipedia, than in short points. Take a look at A Small Killing and Signal to Noise for examples. Thanks! Keep contributing :) Dysprosia 11:55, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Replied at my talk page Dysprosia 22:17, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Not trying to be nosy (I watch Recent Changes) but you're asking a question of Quercusrobur on his/her user page and not their talk page. The user isn't notified of changes to their user page. Try here instead :) Dysprosia 13:11, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

List of digital library projects
The section headers on the List of digital library projects page are all one level too high. I think you need to add a single "=" to each set, except maybe "See also" which is probably fine. If you're not finished with this page, maybe you could do it, or else let me know and I'll see if I can squeeze it in before end-of-lunch. HTH HAND --Phil 12:14, Feb 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's exactly what I meant. Sadly the structure is still rather busy but I suppose you're constrained by your subject. --Phil 13:05, Feb 20, 2004 (UTC)

The link you posted at C.S. Lewis
...appears to be broken. Can you go to the article and try the link to make sure it works? I got a weird error page when I tried it. Thanks! Jwrosenzweig 19:07, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Yep, works great. Thanks! Jwrosenzweig 23:45, 27 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Flint and steel fire
Please see my comment on the talk page there. --Smack 23:31, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Kyz

 * Hi Wayland, I concur with this. I was quite surprised to notice you gave me a user page :) Kyz 23:33, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Food articles
Hi there, looks like a lot of the food articles you've created are being nominated for deletion. For the most part this is because they are overly specific. When you are thinking of creating sever related little articles, its often a good idea to create one big article instead. For example make one called fritter instead of pineapple fritter, apple fritter, pea fritter, etc. Same thing for the breakfast foods, if possible. Otherwise the small ones really have very little potential to become encyclopeid and may be deleted. — siro χ  o  22:54, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Pineapple fritter
Hi Wayland, I quite liked your pineapple fritter article. Now it's been merged I won't vote on the article, but I just want you to know that if someone lists an article you contributed to onto VfD it shouldn't be counted as a personal attack. (well, not usually and if this happens to you please let me know) - Ta bu shi da yu 06:31, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Category:Villages in the United States
Please use a more specific category, such as Category:Villages in Wisconsin. older ≠ wiser 12:23, Oct 27, 2004 (UTC)

I'm already on it, thanks! --wayland 12:30, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Thank you!
Thank you so much for your efforts at History of literature. I worked on that page for a while but the immenisty of the task proved far too daunting, and I gave up in despair. I have since tried to enlist others to work on areas they knew to help flesh out the article, with limited success. Your recent additions of a skeletal structure to 18th Cent. lit look very good (though I admit, I know little about the period), and I was so pleased to see your work, I thought I'd let you know. Please do keep editing, and let me know if I can ever be of any help, Jwrosenzweig 23:45, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  15:07, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Category:Illness
Could you please explain what you were planning to do with this category? I find its addition really unhelpful; Category:Symptom is not a legitimate child of Category:Illness - not every symptom (e.g. itch or palpitations) is considered an illness. I'm therefore removing "symptom" from "illness". Please comment - in the present form I'm very much tempted to revert all your work. JFW | T@lk  09:10, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll put a reply over on your talk page Jfdwolff.

--wayland 10:02, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Comment on Wayland's user page
The following was found on my user page so I've moved it here:

 * That's just...wrong. PsiXi 20:39, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)

--wayland 10:02, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wayland/2004


text:
User:Samdemon42

=SamDemon42=

Name
Sam Wilcock

Pages Created:
Morris Team

title: User:Samdemon42


text:
Talk:Dhankuta

Italic text

Awasman (talk) 12:09, 5 November 2012 (UTC) posted a large general photo of Dhankuta bazaar to replace older one which only covered a small part of the Beetch (Middle) Bazaar. Thus removed the request for a better photo.

Awasman (talk) 12:09, 5 November 2012 (UTC) reduced size and repositioned both photos to improve layout. Also minor correction of hospital location.

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Some Image Cleanup Suggested
Hi there.

I have just uploaded a new general view of the bazaar. As it shows a much bigger area of the town in considerable detail, I suggest that the old photo in the Infobox should be removed and the new view moved to below the Contents box. Other photos entitled 'Dhankuta', Pakhribas, and 'Pine trees' (which is mis-positioned) are not relevant to the article which is about Dhankuta Bazaar and should be removed.

Awasman 2020-10-28 16:08:00 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dhankuta


text:
User:Zwobot

This is an automated Python bot run by the user "Head" on the German Wikipedia. It uses the Python Wikipedia Bot Framework and it adds and corrects interwiki links.

If you have any questions, you can write to de:Benutzer Diskussion:Zwobot in English or in German.

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title: User:Zwobot


text:
Lucin Cutoff

The Lucin Cutoff is a 102 mi railroad line in Utah, United States that runs from Ogden to its namesake in Lucin. The most prominent feature of the cutoff was a 12 mi railroad trestle crossing the Great Salt Lake, which was in use from 1904 until the late 1950s, when it was replaced by an earthen causeway.

The cutoff was originally built by the Southern Pacific Railroad as a means of shortening the First transcontinental railroad. Today the cutoff is owned and operated by the Union Pacific Railroad as a significant part of the Lakeside Subdivision, which runs from Ogden to Wells, Nevada, and is one of the many subdivisions of the Overland Route. Due to the obstruction of water flow caused by the Lucin Cutoff, the Great Salt Lake appears to be different colors in aerial photographs; water north of the Cutoff appears red or brown, while water south of the Cutoff is more green.

1900s-1950s
Built by the Southern Pacific Company (SP) between February 1902 and March 1904, the cutoff bypassed the original Central Pacific Railroad route through Promontory Summit where the golden spike was driven in 1869. By going west across the lake from Ogden to Lucin, it cut 44 mi off the original route and also significantly decreased curvature and grades. Built under the direction of SP chief engineer William Hood, a team of 3,000 SP workers worked seven days a week to build the line. When the line opened, it included short causeways extending from the western shore of the lake and the edge of Promontory Point, connected with a nearly 12 mi wooden trestle. The cutoff also included a causeway which spanned Bear River Bay from the eastern shore of the lake to Promontory Point. This section included a 600 ft trestle to allow Bear River water to flow into the lake. By 1908, five passenger trains and seven freight trains were using the Lucin Cutoff in each direction daily.

The cutoff received its first modification a few months after opening. Fill was placed underneath the tracks to reduce their sagging. This was completed six months later.

In 1920, a project began to replace the trestle's deck and construct additional bracing. It was completed by 1927.

In 1929, the eastern causeway was widened. Additionally, the Midlake station was closed after being effectively replaced by the bridge station. However, its buildings were kept in place to serve as living quarters for the signal operators.

In 1932, two more piles were added to each bay next to the trestles, and 2,038 bracing piles were added.

In 1941, the telegraph building at the Midlake station was reopened as part of World War II related military operations.

In 1942, the original track between Lucin and Corinne, Utah was removed, including the remaining spikes on Promontory Point, and the scrap metal was donated to the war effort.

In late 1944, the Cutoff was the site of a train wreck in which 48 people were killed. A westbound mail express train ran into the back of a slower moving passenger train in thick fog.

In 1945, the Midlake station was razed and demolished as part of an upgrade to centralized traffic control.

1950s-present
By its fifteenth anniversary, the trestle was deemed functionally obsolete and structurally not worth its maintenance price. Because of this, a replacement was planned. Construction on this bypass began in 1955, it was opened by late 1959. It was a parallel dirt and rock causeway that connected to the existing ones. It was built under contract by Morrison-Knudsen of Boise, Idaho.

In the mid 1970s, the trestle was permanently closed and maintenance was stopped.

Throughout 1983 and 1984, the causeway was raised to prevent flood damage.

The causeway prevented lake water from flowing as freely as the open trestle had, and to help mitigate effects, two culverts were included in the original causeway construction. The culverts allowed for boat traffic and a limited amount of water to flow from the lake's southern arm (where surrounding freshwater rivers emptied into the lake) into the lake's northern arm. In the early 1980s, Utah experienced heavy flooding, and much of the extra water along the Wasatch Front flowed into the Great Salt Lake. This resulted in the lake experiencing historic high water levels and flooding nearby landowners. To aid the two culverts in channeling water to the northern arm, the State of Utah constructed a 300 ft bridge at the western end of the causeway. The state breached the causeway under the new bridge on August 1, 1984, allowing pent-up water from the southern arm to flow into the northern arm.

The continual slow sinking of the causeway has on occasion required more material to raise its height above the lake level. In 1986, the causeway was almost entirely rebuilt after flooding caused it’s filling to sink into the water. This required a complete reconstruction.

During the flooding of the 1980s, this buildup included placing 1,430 surplus railcars along the northern edge of the causeway and filling them with rock to act as gabions (this feature is known as the "Boxcar Seawall.") The railroad sold salvage rights to the trestle and Cannon Structures, Inc., through its Trestlewood division, began to dismantle it in 1993. Work on demolishing the trestle itself was competed by 2000. Trestlewood continues to market and sell the salvaged trestle wood.

In March 2011, Union Pacific Railroad (UP), the successor to the Southern Pacific,-requested permission to close the two 1950s-era culverts because of damage related to age and a sinking of the causeway into the lake bed; the two culverts were closed in 2012 and 2013. To mitigate the effects, the railroad was required to build a bridge and breach the causeway under that bridge. Construction of a 180 ft bridge was completed in fall 2016, although the railroad agreed to delay opening the breach for a few months, due to environmental and water level concerns. The causeway was breached beneath the 180-foot bridge on December 1, 2016. Since the opening of the causeway the level of the water in the arms of the lake has begun to equalize. As of April 30, 2017, the level of the lake in the northern arm is within a foot of the southern arm.

Due to the Southwestern North American megadrought, the amount of fresh water flowing into the southern arm of the lake had dropped significantly enough that, during the summer of 2022, a 4 ft berm was constructed in the breach beneath the 2016 bridge. This berm slows the flow of saltier water from the northern arm of the lake into the southern arm, as the increased salinity was beginning to have effects on the ecology of the southern part of the lake. Even though the lake's elevation in the southern part remained slightly higher than the northern part, the saltier water in the northern arm (which is denser and heavier) was able to push along the bottom of the breach into the southern arm of the lake.

title: Lucin Cutoff


text:
Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal

"Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal" (a parody of the bestselling 1982 tongue-in-cheek book on stereotypes about masculinity Real Men Don't Eat Quiche) is an essay about computer programming written by Ed Post of Tektronix, Inc., and published in July 1983 as a letter to the editor in Datamation.

History
Widely circulated on Usenet in its day, and well known in the computer software industry, the article compares and contrasts real programmers, who use punch cards and write programs in FORTRAN or assembly language, with modern-day "quiche eaters" who use programming languages such as Pascal which support structured programming and impose restrictions meant to prevent or minimize common bugs due to inadvertent programming logic errors. Also mentioned are feats such as Seymour Cray, the inventor of the Cray-1 supercomputer, using manual control switches to load the first operating system for the CDC 7600 without notes.

The next year Ed Nather’s The Story of Mel, also known as The realest programmer of all, extended the theme. Immortalized in the piece is Mel Kaye of the Royal McBee Computer Corporation. As the story famously puts it, "He wrote in machine code—in 'raw, unadorned, inscrutable hexadecimal numbers. Directly.'"

Since then, the computer folklore term Real Programmer has come to describe the archetypical "hardcore" programmer who eschews the modern languages and tools of the day in favour of more direct and efficient solutions—closer to the hardware. The term is used in many subsequent articles,  webcomics and in-jokes—although the alleged defining features of a "Real Programmer" differ with time and place.

title: Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal


text:
Chamant

Chamant is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

It is situated about 50 km to the north of Paris, and just 2 km to the northeast of Senlis.

Literature
The town figured in the anti-Semitic novel The Jew of Chamant, published in 1898 by George H. D. Gossip under the pseudonym "Ivan Trepoff".

title: Chamant


text:
Talk:Dredg

Conscious, Orph and Crickets
I vote to merge Conscious (EP), Orph (EP) and Crickets (DVD) to main article on artist. The two are minor demos that seems never actually released anyway. The third is a one-time promotional piece. I also doubt their notability to warrant separate articles. -- Perfecto 16:47, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The demos were in fact released, but I don't think the writeups on them are large enough to warrant separate pages. Slicing 01:27, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Although the pages themselves are rather small and lacking information, the idea is to add more to them as it becomes available. Some friends of mine from dredg forums and I have been staying in contact with the band to try and fill these gaps. -- Erikpemberton 11:27, 9 November 2005

I fail to verify their release. How about a merge now, then an unmerge when you do? -- Perfecto 21:42, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Conscious (EP) was a demo tape (just like their "industry demos") and was not "released" in any sense. There is a possibility that some copies were sold to fans at some point, but it was never an official release on any label. Orph (EP) was an official release *on some indie label* (i dunno which and am about %70 that it wasn't one run by the band) with artwork and a silver disc. it was a proper release and was for sale to the general public. Crickets (DVD) is very notable due to the nature of it's content and the rarity of the item.--70.229.203.125 00:42, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Cleaned up Unverified Work
Erased claims that are unverified since December (4 months is adequate time to revisit the work and fix it, besides, Current Events still has plenty of info without unverified parts.) 208.24.252.14 (talk) 20:35, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Rewrote article
Most of the article has been rewritten over the past few days. I've also archived old discussions from this talk page, to clean up old topics and clutter. I think that the with a few pictures added, the article should be suitable for a B-class rating. --Ars Sycro (talk) 03:25, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Capitalization
Due to a recent dispute over capitalization, I asked for editor mediation. As the response was that there is no specific guideline in a case such as this, I hope that other editors will give their input and we can all come to a consensus. There's also the option of a WP:3 or of an official mediation, but I doubt that's necessary. So...give your input. PEiP (talk) 20:30, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

 * This response is wrong. There are several guidelines and policies regarding capitalisation of band names:

Plenty of other articles are capitalised, where the band renders the name lowercase, for example Blink-182. This is about correct English grammar, not maintaining the incorrect stylistic preferences of some band. Nouse4aname (talk) 08:05, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * WP:NC states "In band names and titles of songs or albums, the standard rule in the English language is to capitalize words that are the first or the last word".
 * MOS:TM also applies with regards to band names, as can be seen from the use of Kiss (band) as an example. MOS:TM states to "choose the style that most closely resembles standard English, regardless of the preference of the trademark owner".
 * Furthermore MOS:TM states, "Trademarks rendered without any capitals are always capitalized".
 * WP:MUSTARD also states that "Standard English text formatting and capitalization rules apply to the names of bands and individual artists"

Use of "Commonly typeset as: dredg" in the first paragraph or Info Box is a suitable remedy, moreso for bands that have a broader deviation from standard English. This isn't enough to render the title un-searchable, so, meh. 209.180.155.14 (talk) 05:28, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Genres
Under genres there are several styles listed, but most are broad categories that have been chosen in favor of more specific/accurate genre choices available. For instance, instead of "progressive rock" I think "progressive metal" would be much more accurate. Their earlier work in particular sounds a lot more like a progressive version of System of a Down than it does old Genesis or even newer King Crimson. Also, "alternative rock" and "art rock" are broad categories that you could maybe fit Dredg into on some sort of technicality, but this band is not what one usually thinks of when they think of alternative or art rock. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Julrey (talk • contribs) 18:21, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Dredg. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080409165808/http://umusic.ca:80/dredg/ to http://umusic.ca/dredg/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080517085646/http://www.dailynexus.com:80/article.php?a=3367 to http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=3367

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Dredg. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://site.traversingboard.com/orphep.htm
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080517093021/http://media.www.gsusignal.com/media/storage/paper924/news/2002/10/17/Urbanite/Cd.Review-1759024.shtml to http://media.www.gsusignal.com/media/storage/paper924/news/2002/10/17/Urbanite/Cd.Review-1759024.shtml
 * Added tag to http://www.bitemezine.net/Archives/dredginterview.htm

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Protection
This article is continually updated by a mobile user from the same IP address. Can we get this page protected?

Edit: Page protection has been requested for this article. Plantduets (talk) 19:50, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dredg


text:
Monterey Pop

Monterey Pop is a 1968 American concert film by D. A. Pennebaker that documents the Monterey International Pop Festival of 1967. Among Pennebaker's several camera operators were fellow documentarians Richard Leacock and Albert Maysles. The painter Brice Marden has an "assistant camera" credit. Titles for the film were by the illustrator Tomi Ungerer. Featured performers include Big Brother and the Holding Company with Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Hugh Masekela, Otis Redding, Ravi Shankar, the Mamas & the Papas, the Who and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, whose namesake set his guitar on fire, broke it on the stage, then threw the neck of his guitar in the crowd at the end of "Wild Thing".

In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Performers and songs
Songs featured in the film, in order of appearance:
 * 1) Scott McKenzie – "San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)"*
 * 2) The Mamas & the Papas – "Creeque Alley"* and "California Dreamin'"
 * 3) Canned Heat – "Rollin' and Tumblin'"
 * 4) Simon & Garfunkel – "The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)"
 * 5) Hugh Masekela – "Bajabula Bonke (The Healing Song)"
 * 6) Jefferson Airplane – "High Flying Bird" and "Today"
 * 7) Big Brother and the Holding Company – "Ball and Chain"
 * 8) Eric Burdon & the Animals – "Paint It Black"
 * 9) The Who – "My Generation"
 * 10) Country Joe and the Fish – "Section 43"
 * 11) Otis Redding (backed by Booker T. & the M.G.'s) – "Shake" and "I've Been Loving You Too Long"
 * 12) The Jimi Hendrix Experience – "Wild Thing"
 * 13) The Mamas & the Papas – "Got a Feelin'"
 * 14) Ravi Shankar – "Dhun" ("Dadra and Fast Teental") (mistitled as "Raga Bhimpalasi")

 * - Studio version, played over film footage of pre-concert activity.

The order of performances in the film was rearranged from the order of appearance at the festival. Additionally, many artists who appeared at the festival were not included in the original cut of the film.

Production
The American Broadcasting Company put up a $200,000 advance to get a film made about the Monterey Pop Festival for its new ABC Movie of the Week series. However, Monterey Pop never aired on ABC, a decision made by Thomas W. Moore, the head of ABC at the time and, according to Lou Adler, "a very conservative Southern gentleman." "We showed him Jimi Hendrix fornicating with his amp and we said 'What do you think?' " Adler recalls. "And he said 'Keep the money and get out.' He said 'Not on my network.' "

Monterey Pop was shot on 16mm film blown up to 35mm for theatrical release. Director D. A. Pennebaker said he recorded the audio on a professional 8-channel reel-to-reel recorder borrowed from the Beach Boys. The movie's theatrical release used a four-channel soundtrack that included two to three minutes of rudimentary surround sound. Dolby noise reduction was added in 1978 when fresh prints of the film were struck.

After Leacock-Pennebaker, the original production company, was dissolved in 1970, Pennebaker Associates acquired rights to the film.

Home video
When Sony Video released Monterey Pop on videocassette in 1986, Pennebaker created three one-inch tape masters struck from a 16mm negative he had "wet-gated", a process in which sponges remove particles and also place a fast-drying chemical on the film that fills in scratches. In a digital remix for the video, Pennebaker eliminated the surround track of the theatrical release and mixed the center dialog track into the left and right stereo channels. No Dolby was used, although Sony's initial video release inadvertently stated otherwise on the packaging.

In 2002, Monterey Pop was released on DVD as part of a Criterion Collection box set, The Complete Monterey Pop Festival, that also includes Pennebaker's short films Jimi Plays Monterey (1986) and Shake! Otis at Monterey (1986), as well as two hours of outtake performances, including some by bands not seen in the original film. The box set was re-released in 2009 on Blu-ray. For this edition, the soundtracks were remixed in 5.1 Surround Sound by Eddie Kramer.

Influence
Rock critic Robert Christgau considers Monterey Pop the best of the 1960s concert documentaries, saying, "[T]he music and its... celebrants are like a wonderful secret — wonderful because even though everyone knows about it, it still delivers the thrill of discovery. Unveiled in 1968, Pennebaker's vision of the 1967 event was instrumental in convincing potential organizers and participants that music was the healthiest way to crystallize the energy of a counterculture that by then seemed both blessedly inevitable and dangerously embattled."

French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard was so taken with Jefferson Airplane's performance in Monterey Pop that later in 1968 he set out to make a never-finished film titled One A.M. (for "One American Movie") in collaboration with Pennebaker and Leacock. Godard shot a sequence of the Airplane, (included on the 2004 Fly Jefferson Airplane DVD), playing at high noon on a business day on the roof of a New York hotel across the street from the Leacock-Pennebaker offices, with the tower of Rockefeller Center in the background. Attracted by the extremely high volume of the music, the police arrived and put an end to the shooting.

The screening of Monterey Pop in theaters helped raise the festival to mythic status, rapidly swelled the ranks of would-be festival-goers looking for the next festival, and inspired new entrepreneurs to stage more and more of them around the country.

In 1969, Michael Lang and Artie Kornfeld pitched an idea for a recording studio in Woodstock, New York, to businessmen John P. Roberts and Joel Rosenman. In the documentary Woodstock: Now and Then, Rosenman said the proposal suggested that the studio would encourage occasional rock concerts in the town. Rosenman had watched Monterey Pop the day before meeting with Lang and Kornfeld and, impressed by the film, agreed, with Roberts to bankroll Lang and Kornfeld in an effort that morphed into the 1969 Woodstock Festival.

title: Monterey Pop


text:
User talk:Babygirl mtl

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 09:02, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Babygirl mtl


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Removal from the Order of Canada

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Dmcdevit·t 23:22, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Removal from the Order of Canada
Should be merged with Order of Canada. EvilPhoenix talk 09:02, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merger does not involve deleting articles at any stage. If you want an article merged, merge it.  Don't nominate it for deletion. If you want to warn people about an impending merger, use the tags that are there for the purpose, not  . Uncle G 11:49, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. Keep as expanded 23skidoo 12:02, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * MergeYoungamerican 14:42, 14 July 2005 (UTC) Keep as expandedYoungamerican 13:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I am in the middle of expanding the article, and I mainly created it as a fork, since I do not want to overload the main article with stuff about the removal process. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 16:10, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Order of Canada is already big enough. --Scimitar parley 16:44, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Moved to Removal from the Order of Canada. The article has been expanded since the nomination. This article, and the Order of Canada article are each long enough to stand on their own. Merging them would likely exceed the recommended length for Wikipedia articles. What is the solution for over-sized articles? Create a branch article! Keep. Ground Zero 18:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Ground Zero. • Zhatt  •  18:45, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep after Ground Zero --Simon.Pole 19:07, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Order of Canada because of how closely related the subject matter is. If that article is too long, maybe it could be split up on different criteria, perhaps "Order of Canada membership" for eligibility, removal, and notable members. Peter Grey 19:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There is a page/list all of the Companions of the Order. Of course, there is a lot more Members and Officers than what we listed, but we could create pages for that (but with my luck, they will wind up on here like other stuff I put my hand on recently). As for the eligability, that can also be an article by itself too, since I finally located the Order Constitution (can that be created, then sent to Wikisource?) Zscout370 (Sound Off) 19:55, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not the list, a new article on membership criteria etc. Peter Grey 21:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I can see what I can do. I need to expand this a bit more (mainly in the Ahenakew section) and see if there are other members of the Order who are facing calls for removal. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, per Ground Zero. CJCurrie 20:22, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Zscout and Ground Zero. Main article is much too large to merge into. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  21:10, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this is a very notable article and stands to be expanded greatly. to many people in canada, these events were as big news as the presidential impeachment was to americans. --jonasaurus 21:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as per Evilphoenix with Order of Canada. Besides, Jonasaurus should know that in 1868 the OoC didn't exist.   brenneman (t) (c)  00:51, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * He was refering to Clinton and Nixon. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:52, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as the article has been expanded and improved. EvilPhoenix talk 04:18, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * So, does this mean the VFD stops? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 04:23, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't believe so. Although it has consensus and the nominator votes keep, it has to "serve its time".  In case a horde of maple-syrup-hating Wikipedians come and vote delete, as it were. And Nixon was never impeached.  brenneman (t) (c)  04:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Because he resigned before he could do it. But back to this vote, I still have one question: for those agreeing with Evilpheonix to redirect, what will happen with their votes since Evil, the nominator, voted keep? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 05:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, so far Keep is outvoting Merge pretty hardcore, so I'd say the article is pretty safe. As the argument has been made that Order of Canada is sizable enough as is, I imagine that the closing admin (who will decide the vote) will agree that the consensus is for keep. Good work on the article, btw. EvilPhoenix talk 05:18, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 05:21, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. Radiant_ >|< 08:50, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge Information on the individual to the individual's article page on the circumstance of the removal from the Order of Canada. Keep the Order of Canada page clean with just a reference to individuals removed and if necessary a separate article on the process for removal from the Order of Canada. To enter information regarding the circumstance of the removals will not do justice to this prestigious Order. Receiving the Order of Canada is great and wonderful thing; it's the individual that should bear the burden of humiliation.  IMHO HJKeats 04:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is what the article is about: the process for removal, the two folks who were removed and one person who is facing calls for removal. Of course, we have a reference to Eagleson and Ahenakew in the main OoC article, but I wanted to branch out this aticle, since the removal of a person from the Order is rare and a lot of what happens when someone is removed was discussed recently due to Ahenakew's removal. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 04:10, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wish to thank Zscout370 for his effort and dillegence on this article. Just to clarify my position,  I just wanted to suggest that the controversy for the removal of individuals to not tarnish the Order because of their actions.  The Removal from the Order of Canada article is fine and should stay, Keep. The merge I suggested was to merge information into the individuals article, which I belive is already in progress. HJKeats 00:51, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. --[[Image:Ottawa flag.png|20px]] Spinboy 05:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Dhodges 00:07, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Articles need to be kept to a reasonable size. CanadianCaesar 20:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Connection pool

In software engineering, a connection pool is a cache of database connections maintained so that the connections can be reused when future requests to the database are required. Connection pools are used to enhance the performance of executing commands on a database. Opening and maintaining a database connection for each user, especially requests made to a dynamic database-driven website application, is costly and wastes resources. In connection pooling, after a connection is created, it is placed in the pool and it is used again so that a new connection does not have to be established. If all the connections are being used, a new connection is made and is added to the pool. Connection pooling also cuts down on the amount of time a user must wait to establish a connection to the database.

Applications
Web-based and enterprise applications use an application server to handle connection pooling. Dynamic web pages without connection pooling open connections to database services as required and close them when the page is done servicing a particular request. Pages that use connection pooling, on the other hand, maintain open connections in a pool. When the page requires access to the database, it simply uses an existing connection from the pool, and establishes a new connection only if no pooled connections are available. This reduces the overhead associated with connecting to the database to service individual requests.

Local applications that need frequent access to databases can also benefit from connection pooling. Open connections can be maintained in local applications that do not need to service separate remote requests like application servers, but implementations of connection pooling can become complicated. A number of available libraries implement connection pooling and related SQL query pooling, simplifying the implementation of connection pools in database-intensive applications.

Administrators can configure connection pools with restrictions on the numbers of minimum connections, maximum connections and idle connections to optimize the performance of pooling in specific problem contexts and in specific environments.

title: Connection pool


text:
Koteka

The koteka (Mee, lit. 'clothing'), also referred to as a horim or penis gourd, is a penis sheath traditionally worn by native male inhabitants of some (mainly highland) ethnic groups in New Guinea to cover their penises. The koteka is normally made from a dried-out gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, although unrelated species such as pitcher-plant (Nepenthes mirabilis) are also used. The koteka is held in place by a small loop of fiber attached to the base of the koteka and placed around the scrotum. A secondary loop placed around the chest or abdomen is attached to the main body of the koteka.

Men choose kotekas similar to ones worn by other men in their respective cultural groups. For example, Yali men favour long, thin kotekas that help hold up the multiple rattan hoops worn around their waists, whereas Lani men wear double gourds held up with strips of cloth and use the space between the two gourds for carrying small items such as money and tobacco.

Traditions
The koteka is traditional clothing in certain New Guinea highlands societies, including in the Grand Baliem Valley of Western New Guinea and the Ok Tedi and Telefomin regions of Papua New Guinea. The koteka is worn without other clothing and is tied in an upward position.

Tribal identification
Many tribes can be identified by the way they wear the koteka. The koteka may be pointed straight out, straight up, or at an angle. The diameter of the koteka can also be distinctive to an individual tribe. For Hubula (Dani) people of Baliem Valley, the shape of horim is associated with the social status of the wearer. A curved horim toward the front (kolo) is worn by Ap Kain, the leader of Dani confederation, a curved horik to the side (haliag) is worn by Ap Menteg (war general) and Ap Ubalik (healer or cultural leader). A straight Horim is worn by ordinary people. For Lani people, the angle is the marker of status. If the kobewak leans to the left the wearer is Apendabogur (war general). On the other hand if it leans to the right, the wearer is an aristocrat or rich. Straight kobewaks are worn by virgin men.

The koteka is made of a specially grown gourd. Stone weights are tied to the bottom of the gourd to stretch it out as it grows. Curves can be made in it by the use of string to restrain its growth in whatever direction the grower wishes; the koteka can be quite elaborately shaped in this manner. When harvested, the gourd is emptied and dried. It is sometimes waxed with beeswax or resin. It can be painted or have shells, feathers, and other decorations attached to it.

The term koteka is used as a self-proclaimed name by Assembly of Koteka Tribes (DeMMak) organization who claimed to represent Koteka people, a union of seven major koteka-wearing tribes in the central and southern highlands of Papua; namely Lani, Mee, Amungme, Kamoro, Yali, Damal, and Moni with other sub-tribes such as Nggem, Walak, Hubla, Kimyal, Momuna, Ngalik.

Discouragement of usage
In 1971–1972, the Indonesian New Order government launched "Operasi Koteka" ("Operation Penis Gourd") which consisted primarily of trying to encourage the people to wear shorts and shirts because such clothes were considered more "modern." However the people did not have changes of clothing, did not have soap, and were unfamiliar with the care of such clothing, so the unwashed clothing caused skin diseases. There were also reports of men wearing the shorts as hats and the women using the dresses as carrying bags.

Eventually, the campaign was abandoned. Nevertheless, shirts and pants are required in government buildings, and children are required to wear them in school. As of 2019, it is estimated that only 10% highland population (in Central Papua and Highland Papua) regularly uses koteka, and it is only used during cultural festival or as a souvenir.

Phallocrypts
Phallocrypts are decorative penis sheaths worn in parts of New Guinea during traditional ceremonies. They are usually made out of gourds or woven fibers and decorated with feathers, beads, cowry shells, and small metal ornaments. The most elaborate phallocrypts are sold to tourists as souvenirs and are not usually representative of ones used in ceremonies.

Use in other regions
Some native tribes in South America and Africa have used penis sheaths.

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