text:
Talk:Minnesota High School Speech

Hi there!

My name is Chris, and I'm active in MSHSL Speech as an orignal orator. I am also a wikifanatic... so I thought I would set up this gravy train for one of my favorite extracurricular pastimes.

Most of the rules are straight from the MSHSL website.

Still working on it...any questions, comments or concerns? I'll hear them.

Peace. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.197.198.74 (talk • contribs)

 * While we appreciate your enthusiasm and desire to create a good article on an organization you love and has touched your life a lot (for me it's FBLA-PBL), we cannot accept articles that are copy and pastes of other sources, as you did with the rules from the MSHSL website. Metros232 16:42, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Categories
Should each category have a separate page or should we add them here? I'm in Creative, would like to see something done on that for sure! --70.89.200.221 13:20, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Section 7A has only a section meet. We NEVER see AA schools after the invitational season is over. Could you post where you got that information? For the time being, I'm going to edit that section of the page. Darwingate (talk) 15:37, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minnesota High School Speech


text:
Technikon

A technikon was a post-secondary institute of technology (polytech) in South Africa. It focused on career-oriented vocational training. There were 15 technikons in the 1990s, but they were merged or restructured as universities (especially universities of technology) in the early 2000s.

Etymology
The word comes from the Greek technikon, meaning ‘technical’. (cf. Some technical schools were called technikums elsewhere in the world.)

List of technikons
The right arrow → indicates the year it became a technikon, if started out as another type of school.

In some sources, certain school names were reversed, e.g., Technikon Pretoria or Pretoria Technikon. Likewise, Witwatersrand Technikon or Technikon Witwatersrand; Natal Technikon or Technikon Natal; Free State Technikon or Technikon Free State.

History
Some technical colleges were founded in the early to mid-20th century in the country. In 1967, four technical colleges (Cape, Pretoria, Witwatersrand and Natal) became "colleges of advanced technical education". Two more such colleges (Vaal and Witwatersrand) were added by 1969. These six colleges became the first technikons in 1979.

In the 1980s and 1990s, 9 more technikons were constituted, bringing up the total to 15.

Compared to universities, technikons were not seen as prestigious. The Committee of Technikon Principals felt that "the name technikon had become a stumbling block", as their graduates were not recognized by professional associations, especially internationally.

Mergers and reorganisations were announced in 2002, drastically reducing the number of technikons. By 2006, after a process to transform the nation’s "higher education landscape", there were no technikons left.

Student compositions
During Apartheid, the schools were divided into historically white technikons (HWTs) and historically black technikons (HBTs). The seven white technikons include the 'big four' (Cape, Pretoria, Witwatersrand and Natal), which had the most students (6000–11000 in 1991). The other white technikons were Free State, Port Elizabeth, and Vaal Triangle. SA was for distance learning, with a slight majority of whites.

Northern Gauteng and Mangosuthu were black technikons. Peninsula was classified as a HBT, but it was mostly attended by Coloureds. ML Sultan was also nominally a HBT, but was mostly attended by Indians.

Three technikons were created in bantustans; these had the lowest enrollments: Border (Ciskei), Eastern Cape (Transkei), and North-West (initially named Setlogelo; in Bophuthatswana).

Degrees
In 1993, the Technikon Act (No. 125) enabled technikons to provide degree studies and confer degrees. Several technikon programmes were possible:
 * national higher certificate (2 years)
 * national diploma (3 years): 75% of technikon enrollments were in this diploma.
 * 2 years of theoretical training, plus
 * 1 year of experiential training with an industrial employer
 * national higher diploma (4 years)
 * bachelor’s degree in technology (B-Tech: 4 years)
 * in some schools: master’s degree (M-Tech: 1 year minimum)
 * in some schools: doctoral degree (D-Tech: 2 years minimum).

White technikons and ML Sultan Technikon offered degrees at all three levels (bachelor’s, master’s and doctorates), but others did not.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Technikon


text:
File:Boardsofcanadaaquarius.jpg

Boards of Canadas: Aquarius

title: File:Boardsofcanadaaquarius.jpg


text:
Hebron University

Hebron University (جامعة الخليل) is a non-profit, public university in the city of Hebron, West Bank, Palestine. It has an undergraduate enrollment of more than ten thousand students.

History
The late mayor of Hebron, Sheikh Mohammad ‘Ali Al-Ja’bari, wished to establish an institution of higher learning to offset restrictions and obstacles created by the occupation by Israel. In 1971 the foundation was laid and forty-three students joined the 'Sharia' college from different parts of the Palestinian Territories.

in 1983, the campus was attacked by Israeli settlers resulting in the deaths of three students, and 50 students were injured. After the attack the university was closed by the newly formed Israeli Civil Administration for a period of time.

During the First Intifada the Israeli Army closed the university from January 1988 to June 1991.

In 1996, Hebron University was closed for six months by the IDF. The chairman of the university accompanied by teaching faculty conducted classes on the pavement outside the university walls in objection to the closure and repeated closure orders by the IDF.

Eventually, the college became a university. As of 2016, there are nine undergraduate colleges and one college of graduate studies.

Board of trustees
Hebron University is governed by an autonomous Board of Trustees composed of educators and professionals from the Palestinian community. The board appoints the president of the university. It also confirms the appointment of vice-presidents and deans upon the recommendation of the president. The board approves the budget and general development plans presented to it by the university council.

Administration and policies
The university follows a semester system, with two four-month semesters beginning in Autumn and Spring, there is an intensive summer semester.

For the academic year 2015–2016, more than 1,500 were admitted at the undergraduate level.

The university has a registration policy open to students from every segment of Palestinian society. Requirements to apply to study are to have the Tawjihi (matriculation certificate) or its equivalent. It has a special financial aid program that provides grants and loans to needy students.

The university is a member of the following organizations: International Association of Universities, Community of Mediterranean Universities, Islamic Universities League and

Association of Arab Universities (AARU), In addition, the university is recognized by the European Union and has a valid PADOR and PIC number.

Faculties and programs
There are nine undergraduate colleges at Hebron University (HU): Arts, Islamic Law (Al-Shari`a), Science and Technology, Agriculture, Education, Finance and Management, Nursing, and Pharmacy and Law and political science. All Faculties offer B.A. or B.Sc. degrees.

The College of Graduate Studies offers MA and Msc degrees in Arabic Language and Literature, Applied Linguistics & Teaching English Language, History, Islamic Judiciary, Plant Protection, Natural Agriculture Resources & its Sustainable Management, Management, Foundations of Religion, Mathematics, Chemistry

there were 170 full-time faculty members of whom 105 are Ph.D. holders. There are nine colleges at Hebron University: Islamic Law (Al-Shari`a), Arts, Science and Technology, Agriculture, Education, Finance and Management, Nursing, and Pharmacy and Graduate Studies. All colleges offer B.A. or B.Sc. degrees. The Faculty of Graduate Studies offers M.A. and M.Sc. degrees in eight programs: Arabic language and literature, Islamic judiciary, Plant Protection, Natural Agricultural Resources and their Sustainable Management, Business Administration MBA, Applied Linguistics and the Teaching of English Language, History, and Fundamentals of Islamic Law.

Since 2008, HU has been running an Intensive academic program for undergraduate Palestinians with Israeli citizenship.

Centers and special units
HU has many units dedicated to improving education, training and services, i.e. Renewable energy unit, Excellence center for education, Industrial linkage unit, Agricultural extension unit, Dry land rehabilitation unit, and the Language resource centre.

The Legal Clinic – offers resources and advice for students, staff and the community as a whole. There are 10 specialized sections: Ten specialized sections: 1. Academic Freedoms 6. Labor Law 2. Anti-Violence 7. General legal advice 3. Family Law  8. Right to Housing 4. Human Rights  9. Street Law (public awareness) 5. Juvenile Justice  10. Women Rights Partners

Facilities
There is a University Museum in Hebron City.

University radio
In 2008, Radio Alam was established as a tool to reach the university community and the public with important educational messages, current affairs shows and other useful programmes on 96.1 FM. It broadcasts 24/7 and can be heard all over the West Bank and online. It is staffed by professionals and media students are able to do internships in the studios.

title: Hebron University


text:
Baby oil

Baby oil is, in general terms, an inert oil for the purpose of keeping skin soft and supple. It is often used on babies for the purpose of maintaining "baby-soft" skin, but it is also often used by adults for skincare and massage.

The skin of an infant, especially a premature one, is sensitive, thin and fragile. The skin's neutral pH on the surface significantly reduces the protection against excessive bacterial growth. The epidermis and dermis are thinner than those of adults and the epidermal barrier is not yet fully developed. Consequences can for example be dry skin, infections, peeling, blister formation and poor thermoregulation. The application of different oils to the skin of the newborn is routinely practiced in many countries. In general, these oils are used for cleansing, to maintain the skin's moisture and to protect its surface. Additionally, baby oil is used for the massage of newborns and as additive in lotions and creams.

Ingredients
Baby oils can be classified by the base formulation of the product. They are based on

 * Mineral oil or
 * Vegetable oils.

Products based on mineral oil
Typical components of baby oils are the highly purified mineral oil products such as liquid paraffin (INCI name: paraffinum liquidum) and vaseline (INCI name: petrolatum). These compounds are odorless and tasteless, dermatologically tested and approved, not allergenic, hydrophobic and contain no pesticides or herbicides. Preservatives or antioxidants are not necessary, because in contrast to vegetable oils, there is no risk of rancidity with paraffins. Nevertheless, the use of mineral oil in cosmetics is being criticized. Natural cosmetic companies claim that the use of mineral oil results in skin occlusion. Conventional cosmetic manufacturers and even dermatologists and cosmetic chemists argue against that and studies were not able to show any statistical difference between paraffin oil and vegetable oils in terms of skin penetration and skin occlusion. On the contrary, petrolatum-based preparations have been shown to be effective to the skin barrier function, even in premature infants.

Products based on vegetable oils
Vegetable oils are produced by plants with the highest concentration being present in seeds and fruits. About 95% of each vegetable oil is primarily composed of triglycerides. Coconut oil and palm oil contain mainly saturated fatty acids, while other oils largely contain unsaturated fatty acids, for example oleic acid and linoleic acid. Accompanying substances in vegetable oils are, inter alia, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, squalene, carotenoids, vitamin E, polyphenols and triterpene alcohols. To avoid rancidity, preservatives or antioxidants are added to baby oils based on vegetable oils. On cosmetic products, these oils are listed according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI), e.g.:

 * Cocos Nucifera Oil (coconut oil)
 * Elaeis Guineensis Oil (palm oil)
 * Glycine Soja Oil (soy oil)
 * Olea Europaea Oil (olive oil)
 * Persea Gratissima Oil (avocado oil)
 * Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil (almond oil)
 * Shea Butter Glycerides (shea butter)
 * Simmondsia chinensis Oil (jojoba oil)
 * Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil (sunflower oil)

Vegetable oils are not to be confused with essential oils, both being sourced from plants.

Usage
Baby oils are largely used as skin care products and their principle use remains as skin moisturizers. In particular, baby oils find application in the treatment of various skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, xerosis, psoriasis and other eczematous conditions. Another area of use is the oil massage of the newborn which has been a tradition in India and other Asian countries since time immemorial.

In addition to its principle usage, liquid paraffin-based baby oil is commonly used in the automotive maintenance industry as a fuel for diagnostic smoke test machines, which generate smoke used to detect leaks in engine induction systems, brake system, manifolds, gaskets and similar sealed systems. When heated to approximately 300°C in a low oxygen environment, liquid paraffin creates a thick and visible smoke which is injected into the sealed system. Leaks in a system can easily be found by observing the place at which smoke escapes.

title: Baby oil


text:
Kashin (town)

Kashin (Ка́шин) is a town and the administrative center of Kashinsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located around a rural agricultural area on the Kashinka River (Volga's tributary). Population:   18,000 (1970).

History
Kashin was first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1238, when it was sacked during the Mongol invasion. It was given by Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich as an appanage to his son Vasily, who founded a short-lived dynasty of local princes. Mikhail Yaroslavich's wife Anna took the veil in Kashin's nunnery, died there on October 2, 1368, and was glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1650 as a holy patroness of all women who suffer the loss of relatives. Her relics are preserved in the Ascension Cathedral of Kashin.

In 1382, Kashin was annexed by Principality of Tver. From 1399 to 1426, it was held by a second dynasty of Kashin princes, who claimed their seniority in the House of Tver. In 1452, Kashin withstood a siege by Dmitry Shemyaka. It finally passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1486 with the rest of the Principality of Tver.

In 1708, the town became a part of Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as St. Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and Kashinsky Uyezd with the seat in Kashin was established. In 1796, Tver Viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate. On October 3, 1927, Kashinsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Kimrsky Uyezds. On July 12, 1929, Kashinsky District, with the administrative center in the Kashin, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Kashin was transferred to it. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kashin serves as the administrative center of Kashinsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Kashinsky District as Kashin Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Kashinsky Municipal District.

Climate
The mean temperature in Kashin is −11 C in January and +18 C in July.

Economy
The town is an important part of the oblast's economy. It is home to Veresk, one of the largest alcoholic drink producing companies in the region. Another major business is the mineral water company ERA, which produces the Kashinskaya brand of mineral water. There are also an electric equipment company, a wool factory, and a milk and meat-processing company.

Several times a week, a market is organized in the main square of the town where residents can sell various items. Also, fruit and vegetables from nearby rural farms are sold.

Transportation
Buses provide public transportation within the town and commute to nearby destinations. Also, a train passes through Kashin twice a day. The morning train travels from Sonkovo to Savyolovo, while the afternoon train travels in the opposite direction. Several times a week, a train from St. Petersburg stops in Kashin.

Architecture
There are several architectural monuments in Kashin, including monasteries, churches, and cathedrals. The most ancient of these, a wooden chapel from 1646, was burned to the ground in 1998.

The town contains thirty-six cultural heritage monuments of federal significance, including the ensemble of the Presentation Monastery and a number of churches built in the 18th and the 19th centuries.

Culture
The Museum of Local Lore is located in Kashin. Also, in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa, situated 30 km from Kashin, the house of Mikhail Kalinin, a Soviet statesman, is located.

Recreation
There is a resort area near Kashin where many oblast residents spend their vacation near the Kashinka River. Kashin itself is known as a balneological resort. On holidays and special dates, the town hosts large festivals which involve dancing, food, and various performances.

title: Kashin (town)


text: Template:Wars of the 20th century

title: Template:Wars of the 20th century


text:
User:Zigamorph

Zigamorph is the on-line alter ego of Mike, who was brought into the world of Wiki editing back in 2005.

As of 2019, I work as a professional journalist. I know stuff about computers, science, math, literature, theater, and a wide assortment of other things. I know a bunch of computer programming languages, typically run Linux on my personal workstations, and prefer open-source software.

Frequently Asked Questions
See my Wiktionary article.
 * '''What does "Zigamorph" mean?

A "zigamorph" is a slang computer term for the last character in a binary alphabet where all bits are set to one rather than zero, usually represented in hexadecimal as 0x7F (7-bit), 0xFF (8-bit), 0xFFFF (16-bit), and so on. In the era of paper punched tape, it would be the character that punched all possible holes, such as the ASCII character "DEL" (0x7F). On the classic Teletype Model 33 ASR, to correct an error the tape punch could be backspaced manually and overpunched with a zigamorph, labeled "RUBOUT" on the keyboard, causing the character to be ignored when the tape was subsequently read. The term has fallen out of common use with the decline of computer storage media, such as tape and cards, that involves punching physical holes.

A zigamorph character was also often used as a trailer or marker for end of data, the basis for what I wrote around 2002 when I adopted the pen name: "You can always tell a zigamorph by the element of surprise. You're going along, perfectly happy and content, and then — BAM! You run right smack into a zigamorph, and you know time's up, you've reached the end, game over. Zigamorphs always come upon you when you least expect it, otherwise they just wouldn't be doing their job."

See my Live Journal or MySpace. It was created as a kind of computer self-portrait in 1992 (when I had more hair) shortly after the release of version 2.0 of IBM's OS/2 computer operating system, done with the included system icon editor. This unusual legacy accounts for its extremely coarse granularity, since it was originally 32x32 pixels. Probably, but I'm worth it. I'm really more of a narcissist than an egotist. You should just be glad I'm not a solipsist. I read the 1953 edition of the World Book Encyclopedia when I was six years old. It seemed like a good idea at the time, but in retrospect it represented an unwise embarkation upon a lifetime of verbose pomposity. There were annual updates, and I felt an unhealthy precocious nostalgia for having missed the International Geophysical Year.
 * Where can I imbibe the wit and wisdom of Zigamorph?
 * What's with that Zigamorph logo, anyway?
 * Isn't that Zigamorph logo rather... um... egotistical?
 * What are Zigamorph's qualifications to expound upon various encyclopedic subjects?

title: User:Zigamorph


text:
Al-Qasim ibn Hasan ibn Ali

Al-Qāsim ibn al-Ḥasan (القاسم بن الحسن) (Sha'ban 7, 47 AH / October 4, 667 CE in Medina – Muharram 10, 61 AH / October 10, 680 CE in Karbala) was the son of Hasan ibn Ali. He supported his uncle Husayn ibn Ali in fighting off the Umayyad forces during the Battle of Karbala where he was killed at the age of 13.

Early life
Qasim was born the son of Hasan ibn Ali, the second Imam, and his wife Umm Farwa. His father was the elder son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima. Qasim was thus a great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who was the father of Fatima.

Death of Hasan ibn Ali
Hasan ibn Ali, Qasim's father died on the 28th Safar 50 AH (2 April 670 CE) by Mu'awiya I due to poisoning.

Qasim was only three years old when his father died. However he grew up in the company of his paternal family. Like his cousins, Awn and Muhammad, the sons of his paternal aunt Zaynab bint Ali, Qasim was taught fencing by his uncle Abbas ibn Ali and cousin Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn. When Hasan's brother Husayn ibn Ali prepared to leave Medina in 680, Qasim's mother Umm Farwa asked Husayn to take her and the young Qasim with him.

Battle of Karbala
Prior to his death, the Umayyad ruler Mu'awiya I appointed his son, Yazid I as his successor. Yazid tried to desire religious authority by obtaining the allegiance of Husayn ibn Ali, but Husayn would not give up his principles. After the people of Kufa sent letters to Husayn and asking his help and pledging their allegiance to him, Husayn and his family members (including Qasim) and his companions traveled from Mecca to Kufa in Iraq but were forced to camp in the plains of Karbala by Yazid's army of 30,000 men. Husayn and most of his family and companions, including Qasim ibn Hasan, were killed and then beheaded in the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram 61 AH) by Yazid, and the women and children were taken as prisoners.

Battle
Qasim asked his uncle, "Will I also be among the martyrs?" Husayn ibn Ali replied: "How do you see death?" Qasim said, "O uncle, death to me is sweeter than honey."

Ashura
On the day of Ashura, Qasim, like other cousins before him, went to his uncle to ask for permission. Husayn would not permit him to fight because he was too young and Husayn could not bear the thought of anything happening to him. Qasim asked many times before going to his mother. When his mother saw that her son was upset, she gave him a letter that Qasim's father had written before he died. The letter stated:

"My son Qasim, a day will come when my brother Husayn will be facing an enemy army of tens of thousands. That will be the day when Islam will need to be saved by sacrifice. You must represent me on that day."

Qasim read the letter and gave to his uncle. After reading the letter Husayn said,

"O my brother's son, how can I stop you from doing what your father wanted you to do? In the Name of Allah, go! Allah be with you!'" He went to the battlefield and killed many fighters. A man came from behind and struck Qasim on the head. He fell to the ground, bleeding heavily. He called out for his uncle. Husayn and Abbas rushed over. The army of Yazid got scared thinking they were coming to attack them, creating confusion. Horses began running from one side to another, trampling and killing Qasim. Husayn and Abbas called out for him, but no reply came. When they found his body Husayn as took off his abaa and with Abbas collected his remains.

Burial
On 10 October 680 (Muharram 10, 61 AH), the day of Ashura, Qasim ibn Hasan was killed near the Euphrates, where Husayn and his followers were not allowed to get water. All the 72 companions of Husayn, including Qasim ibn Hasan were buried in a mass grave. The mass grave is located at the foot of Husayn's grave.

Impact
Not only did Husayn's suffering and death become a symbol of sacrifice in the struggle for right against wrong, and for justice and truth against injustice and deception in the Islamic world, especially the Shia view, but his stand also became a symbol of resistance, inspiring future uprisings against oppressors and injustice. Throughout history, many notable personalities, such as Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi, have cited Husayn's stand against oppression as an example for their own fights against injustice. The death of Husayn and his companions at Karbala is believed by both Shias and the Sunnis to be a sacrifice made to prevent the corruption of Islam by tyrannical rulers and to protect its ideology.

title: Al-Qasim ibn Hasan ibn Ali


text:
Talk:Complex adaptive system

"Systems science portal" Icon Clipping Image Caption
There is a "System science portal" box hovering over the caption for the second, bar-graph image. This is really annoying; I have to copy/paste, or open up the source-code to read a caption. I can't see how to immediately fix this, but I think someone should address this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.216.132.171 (talk) 20:52, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Commercial link appropriate?
As it sits, the external link to the Redfish Group with no description looks like spam. Any comments or differing characterization of the link before it gets removed? --Blainster 23:50, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Interesting
The universe seems to be arranged in hierarchies. There are various levels at which you can understand it. The level we are most famililar with is the level of everyday life. Going down we run into the levels of organs, cells, molecular biology, chemistry. Each level has its own laws which work in certian "special cases" with all violations at the "extreams". Complex Adaptive Swarms exhibit similar layered behavior also, at each layer the swarm is made of smaller complex adaptive systems. This layered behavior doesn't appear in swarms made of simple systems. This all seems to imply that either there is no bottom to the layers of the universe(and no TOE) or, the bottom layer is made of smart, adaptive particles.--SurrealWarrior 18:08, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 12:29, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Proposed name change [plural -> singular]

 * JA: I had posted the reason for this change at the Requested moves page. I thought that this was pretty straightforward, but needed admin help because of the pre-existing undeveloped article with the singular title.  This article was initially titled with the singular Complex adaptive system, then listed for speedy deletion due to lack of content or lack of work expanding the stub.  Then it appears that a new article was created under the plural title.  I think that it's standard to use singular forms for titles unless there is some overriding reason to use the plural, as this makes it easier to wiki both forms as needed, by Complex adaptive systems, and so on.  There is now a complex tangle of redirects involving this article and several others on complexity that I encountered in the process of trying to reference it properly, and I can sort that out after the change is made.  Jon Awbrey 02:02, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree, move: I don't have a problem with this move. It seems strange that the singular title was previously redirected to complex system instead of here.  Since there was no substantive article or any discussion at the singular title, I can't see any need to try to preserve the history there.  --Blainster 02:49, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Notes & Queries
Jon Awbrey 05:24, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Definitions need fix
The Revision as of 13:50, 20 December 2006 Michael Hardy, (→Definitions - cquote) resulted in the deletion of the original text. But I can't figure out how to fix it. Help, anyone?Fireproeng 04:32, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Done.Fireproeng 18:34, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

maybe an example or two would help?
i'm having trouble understanding these articles. i.e. complexity almost doesn't say anything specific. can we have an example of a complex adaptive system, what makes it complex, what makes it adaptive? Is a thermostat one? or is it not complex?

a quote from the article (a definition?)
 * What distinguishes a CAS from a pure multi-agent system (MAS) is the focus on top-level properties and features like self-similarity, complexity, emergence and self-organization. A MAS is simply defined as a system composed of multiple, interacting agents. In CASs, the agents as well as the system are adaptive: the system is self-similar. A CAS is a complex, self-similar collectivity of interacting adaptive agents. Complex Adaptive Systems are characterised by a high degree of adaptive capacity, giving them resilience in the face of perturbation.

 * Other important properties are adaptation

the article just keeps saying the same words over and over again: self-similarity, compexity, adaptive capacity... but it defines none of these. I have no clue what self-similarity is doing here, it usually refers to a subsystem being similar to the whole system, of course this is strictly speaking impossible for a finite system so i don't get it. i also don't see how that makes it adaptive. does it make a snowflake complex?

pick a few systems and define in what way they are self similar, define what it means for the system to be adaptive.

the section on biology only discusses a technical issue of the left hand wall in evolution of complexity. again, it doesn't describe what it means for a cell or a mouse to be a complex adaptive system (other than the obvious gut sense that of course that sounds like what they are. work your way down the scale from mouse to cell to ribosome to enzyme to amino acid to carbon atom to proton.  at what point in this hierarchy is the system no longer a complex adaptive system?

I'd try writing it, but i've been trying for 20 years to no avail. the best i can come up with is a collection of 60 descriptions of interesting systems and let the reader decide on the categories if there are any. perhaps it is too early in history for such a treatment, these things are only 150 years old. I think it took longer than that to define what oxygen was.Wikiskimmer 08:05, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Aye, an example might help. I'll muse on this for a while... also, might I suggest that the Literature and External Links be somehow worked to be in-line references with the text instead? Harvey the rabbit (talk) 03:50, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

No random list of scientists in the external links section
I removed a list of scientists from the external links section, for the third time. Now it really looks like a random list of scientists, which shouldn't be in this section in the first place. Main articles like this in Wikipedia simply don't show a list of external links to scientists in the external links section. -- Marcel Douwe Dekker (talk) 17:50, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
 * How can you justify this article having a further 35 external links? That is a ridiculous amount. Wikipedia is not an internet links directory.  EL policy states; "Such pages could contain further research that is accurate and on-topic; information that could not be added to the article for reasons such as copyright or amount of detail; or other meaningful, relevant content that is not suitable for inclusion in an article for reasons unrelated to their accuracy."  What information do these pages add to the subject of the article?   -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 21:41, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Just to toss my view into the fray as well, I agree with removing the external links as they existed in the previous versions. Wikipedia is not a repository of links nor is it an indiscriminate collection of information on all programs ever everywhere. One would not have links to every prominent biologist or biology department on the Biology page, so why then all the links on scientists, research programs, etc. here? Madcoverboy (talk) 22:12, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

I agree the external links section in this article did not follow Wikipedia's content policies or guidelines. There is no question about that. But these links in a way seems to be important. This article is the main article about the new field of "Complex adaptive system", which is a scientific paradigm developed by scientists, institutes, and in conferences and in magazines. Now I am not a real expert in this field. But it seemed to me that those 35 links gave a good representation of this scientific field. -- Marcel Douwe Dekker (talk) 22:47, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't argue that it doesn't. However the article subject is Complex adaptive systems, not Everyone involved in the field of complex adaptive systems.  As Madcoverboy notes above; all scientific fields are a collaborative effort, and their articles don't attempt to list everyone and every organisation involved in it.  The only ones listed in the External Links should be those who have contributed significantly enough to merit a mention in the article itself.

 * Is there not any professional or organisational web sites that collate this information that could be linked to? Wikipedia shouldn't be attempting to be a directory. -- Escape Orbit (Talk) 09:55, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't know. I wish there was a simple solution here? I have noticed this problem existing in more articles about new fields. It would be better if in the article had a chapter about the organization of the field based on reliable sources. Until that time this listing is an acceptable alternative to me. -- Marcel Douwe Dekker (talk) 11:19, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Copy of removed external links

 * Complexity Digest comprehensive digest of latest CAS related news and research.
 * Complex Adaptive Systems Research website by Mark Voss with many links.
 * A description of complex adaptive systems on the Principia Cybernetica Web.
 * Quick reference single-page description of the 'world' of complexity and related ideas hosted by the Center for the Study of Complex Systems at the University of Michigan.
 * Analyx real-world applications of agent-based modeling drawing on Complexity science.
 * Biology-inspired techniques for self-organization in dynamic networks.

University Programs
 * Glamorgan Business School, Centre Complexity, MSc Complexity & Leadership
 * Northwestern University Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO)
 * University of Southampton Complexity Science MSc.
 * Chalmers University International Msc program.
 * Delft University of Technology Technology, Policy and Management department.
 * London School of Economics Complexity Research Programme.
 * UCLA Human Complex Systems Program
 * University of Michigan Center for the Study of Complex Systems.
 * Center for Complex Systems Research University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
 * Iowa State University CAS Group.
 * Center for Complex Adaptive Sociotechnological Systems Stevens Institute of Technology.

Organizations
 * Northwestern University Complexity in Action Network (CANet)
 * Complexity Society
 * DNA Wales Complexity Network Research group in Complex Adaptive Systems and Critical Management
 * Bandung Fe Institute Research Group on Social Complexity in Indonesia
 * Dodccrp Command and Control Research Program.
 * Institute Para Limes
 * New England Complex Systems Institute
 * Plexus Institute - An organization dedicated to bringing the benefits of complex adaptive systems to the world
 * RedFish Group
 * Simudyne
 * Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology & Life Sciences
 * Swarm Development Group - Complex Adaptive System modeling and simulation tool development
 * ThinkVine LLC - Complexity science applied to marketing problems.
 * Human Systems Dynamics Institute - Complexity science applied to the ways in which humans live, work, and play together in families, communities, and organizations

Journals
 * Journal of Complexity
 * Complexity International
 * Journal of Social Complexity
 * Emergence: Complexity and Organization, quarterly journal, ISSN: 1521-3250.

That list of Researchers and scientists
I have removed the following list of scientists from the article several times now:
 * Ozalp Babaoglu University of Bologna
 * Stephanie Forrest University of New Mexico
 * Melanie Mitchell Portland State University
 * Elizabeth McMillan Open University
 * http://www.dnawales.co.uk/ Paul T Thomas, University of Glamorgan Business School, Wales, UK
 * Gregory Todd Jones, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
 * Ahmed Elsayed Mohamed University of Mansoura Egypt.

An anomynous editor keep putting this list back. Now I wonder, why he wants this list here in the first place. Maybe he can explain first. -- Marcel Douwe Dekker (talk) 22:52, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

And about Thermodynamics?
See modern view of open systems and systems far from equilibrium: there are a "hard Science" behind Complex adaptive systems theory! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.111.77.219 (talk) 12:13, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Illustration
The illustration at the start of the Overview has no citation. Checking its origin it was produced by a wikipedia editor "inspired" by a couple of books. Aside from the fact that it is inaccurate it is clearly original research. If no citation is produced to support it I am removing it again. -- Snowded TALK  19:11, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Citation about John Holland ist wrong
1) In the quoted book M. Mitchell Waldrop. (1994). Complexity: the emerging science at the edge of order and chaos. - I have to refer to the Simon & Schuster Paperback issue - M. Mitchell Waldrop wrote a protocol of a lecture of John Holland "THE ECONOMY AS AN EVOLVING COMPLEX SYSTEM". You can not cite that as an original text of John Holland.

2) Also Waldrop´s protocol is cited wrong, what we can see in the article is a summary of what Waldrop wrote and is not marked as a summary.

3) Even in the original paper of John Holland the article citation can not be found. Santa Fe Institute: "The economy as an evolving complex system - The proceedings of the evolutionary paths of the global economy workshop, held september, 1987 in Santa Fe, New Mexico", Editor: Anderson, Philip W. Addison-Wesley, 1988

--Torbrax (talk) 14:37, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

all definitions were cited wrong or do not lead to existing references
As said before the John Holland citation was just wrong and the links for the references of the other two citations did not work any more.--Torbrax (talk) 21:50, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

Restored File:Complex-adaptive-system.jpg
Recently this file was removed with the argument "unsourced picture of dubious value" (see here) however: You can always question the use of such concept maps in Wikipedia. But if there are around so long, there should be a discussion and some consensus first. -- Mdd (talk) 11:22, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * The source is clearly: Own work by Acadac
 * The image is a concept map, which pictures the relationships between some of the main concepts.

 * The subscrip of the image has been questioned and trimmed before (again) by the User:Snowded, see here, with the argument
 * picture is one take only, not representative and I'm not sure its right anyway.
 * This argument can be questioned again. A search for "Complex adaptive system" in Google images show multiple similar images. -- Mdd (talk) 11:34, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry its original research or synthesis. It is unsourced, the fact it is been allowed to hang around is no reason to retain it.  Find a source before you restore it  Snowded  TALK 17:06, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * I don;t understand. This illustration is clearly own work by a Wikipedia user, and bears great resemblance with similar images in the field. What more source then "own work" do you require? Since I don't understand your argument I also have asked a question here. -- Mdd (talk) 18:14, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Diagrams are subject to the same rules of evidence as anything else. To allow a diagram to illustrate the field it would need to represent a secondary source which summarises the field as a whole.  This one confuses systems dynamics with complexity theory and is idiosyncratic at best. Snowded  TALK 02:29, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

In the discussion on Wikipedia talk:No original research there is a common understanding, that it is acceptable if the diagram simply illustrates what is in accompanying text. This can establish by looking at the terms mentioned in the specific concept map: Now all of these terms relate to systems theory in general and Complex adaptive system in particular, so the image should be accepted. -- Mdd (talk) 13:26, 23 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Complex Adaptive behavior <--> related to Complex adaptive system
 * Info in <--> relates to input
 * Info out <--> relates to output
 * Emergence
 * Positive feedback
 * Negative feedback
 * Simple Self-Organized local Relationships <--> relates to self-organization
 * Changing External Environment <--> relates to environment
 * You seem to assume that CAS is a subset of systems theory which is not universally held. There is nothing there about systems which alter their control parameters, nothing about phase transitions/bifucations.  The whole idea if strategy from the main text is omitted (and that is just for starters).  The language is that of systems theory for what is a biological/chemical/anthropological concept.  Neither do the terms you list dominate the article.  If a concept map was built from Axelrod and Cohen then there would be little objection.  It is however build from two books that make little contribution to the text.  So the terms relate to systems theory, sometimes are used for CAS and are not significantly used in the article text.  Snowded  TALK 18:37, 23 October 2013 (UTC)
 * This becomes a never ending story, when one refuses to acknowledge that a "diagram simply illustrates what is in accompanying text": In this particular case that a concept map around the term "Complex Adaptive behavior" indeed relates to Complex adaptive system. -- Mdd (talk) 22:02, 23 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Is the article about Systems Theory or is the article about CAS? Oicumayberight (talk) 00:15, 24 October 2013 (UTC)
 * @Oicumayberight, The article is about "Complex Adaptive System, the concept map around the term "Complex Adaptive behavior", and the objections seems to keep shifting:
 * First, "the image has no value", whatever this means, and is being removed
 * Second, "you should find a source", while the sources of the images are given, and is being removed again
 * Third, the claim "Sorry its original research or synthesis", and the discussion on Talk:WP:NOR gets started
 * Forth, the fact, that this concept map represents main terms in the field is being ignored
 * Fifth, instead new speculations, what this concept map should be about are presented... as what?
 * This seems like the recipe of the never ending discussion, for which I pass. -- Mdd (talk) 10:06, 24 October 2013 (UTC)
 * It uses some terms in the field but a limited set, and the representation of how they interoperate reflects neither the text nor the articles from which the article claims to be sourced. Your summary is inaccurate and misleading  Snowded  TALK 20:55, 24 October 2013 (UTC)
 * There is no hard evidence, that "...the representation of how they interoperate reflects neither the text nor the articles from which the article claims to be sourced." This is just your interpretation. -- Mdd (talk) 20:22, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Then show me how it does. I have been explicit about material in the article which is not included and no one has shown how the diagram reflects the text.  You seem to think that just saying something is or is not the case is enough.  It isn't.  Please respond to the points raised  Snowded  TALK 20:25, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

It seems you are missing the point here (see also here): Wikipedia article can be illustrated with images from reliable sources, such as the File:Complex-adaptive-system.jpg, just like this article can be expanded by adding appropriate quotes. The only thing required is that they are about the same topic, which even you confirmed "It uses some terms in the field but a limited set...". -- Mdd (talk) 22:31, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The illustration has to reflect the text not just be about the same topic. Now try and answer one of the questions I posed.  The primary definition of complexity in the article is from Axelrod and Cohen's Book as well as Cilliers.  There is nothing in the illustration that in any way matches those two sources.  So how can it illustrate it.  Once you have handled that please explain why the two sources of the illustration (per its author's designation) and not reflected in the text of the article.   Snowded  TALK 23:39, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I have tried to explain here, that there is a difference between earlier published images and new created images. New illustration indeed need to reflect the text and not just be about the same topic. Earlier published images (just like quotes) from reliable source can add additional information. Then there doesn't have to be any exact match (if that is even possible). -- Mdd (talk) 01:01, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Even if a new image is created, I think, the illustration still doesn't have to reflect the article's content. For example, your HBR article (p.3) gives a listing of six characteristics of CAS, which are quite different from the listing Andrus (2004) gave (see below). If an illustration is made that reflects those six characteristics, it could also be added to the article here. -- Mdd (talk) 01:49, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * You still have not answered the questions, I suspect because you can't. You also now demonstrate that different sources describe a CAS in different ways.  You seem to be arguing that every theory should have its own illustration.  That would be OK if there were sections for each theory.  The problem is that this picture in its position in the article purports to represent the field and it very clearly does not by your own admission Snowded  TALK 07:41, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Indeed, every notable theory/definition about CAS can be concluded in this article, and can have its own illustration. Now in this discussion it has become clear to me, that the article mentioned just one definition and the image reflects another definition. In this situation I would have preferred, that either the article and/or the image subscript would have been improved. -- Mdd (talk) 10:29, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Then it will be a very messy article. The article mentions more than one definition, although the lede does not reflect that well.  The illustration does not reflect one definition, it is a somewhat contrived interpretation of two books in the field, both early, only one notable.  When I checked both books I could not derive the figure from them.  The article needs to be improved, then we can look at illustrations.   We really need a third party source that reviews the field however as it is a fragmented emergent field.  The modelling side is reasonably well established, the question of human CAS more controversial etc.   Snowded  TALK 11:23, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

About the source: The Wiki and the Blog (2004)
In The Wiki and the Blog: Toward a Complex Adaptive Intelligence Community (2004) D. Calvin Andrus explains the image as follows:

 * The six critical components of a complex adaptive system are:
 * Self-organization – individuals (people, ants, chemicals) decide to act in similar ways in proximity to and in concert with each other, for their own reasons...
 * Emergence – the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
 * Relationships – individuals look at their nearest neighbors to try and figure out what is happening so they can make decisions...
 * ''Feedback – information circulates in the system, is modified by others, and then comes back to influence the behavior of the originator either as a positive (amplified) or negative (dampened) influence...
 * Adaptability – the system is open so that information (and/or energy) flows in and out of the system...Complex-adaptive-system.jpg
 * Non-Linearity – Small changes in the initial conditions or external environment have large (unpredictable) consequences in the outcomes of the system – also known as the “butterfly effect,” cited earlier...
 * This graphic depicts these six characteristics. From simple, self-organized personal relationships emerges complex adaptive behavior. Information from the external environment enters the system and impinges on the on these relationships as either positive or negative feedback. The personal relationships are changed and the complex behavior adapts.

Now this article itselve is according to Google Scholar currently cited by 70 sources, see here. This makes it notable enough for inclusion. -- Mdd (talk) 23:38, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

 * So? It explains a picture that appears in Wikipedia. It doesn't reference the field as a whole.  The article text uses two other mainline reputable sources (A&C and Cilliers) to explain CAS.  That is the text of the article and any picture should illustrate the text  Snowded  TALK 07:41, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

 * How about if we use the image, but we qualify the figure by using the following caption: 'A greatly oversimplified depiction of complex adaptive system (CAS). Note, however, that a CAS can not be explained by reduction to its fundamental parts.' I hope that may be an acceptable compromise?
 * In my view, it is practically impossible to capture the enormous complexity of CAS in an image/ figure, and this image is probably as good as any - it may be as good as it gets.
 * Regards, IjonTichy (talk) 21:04, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Its not only over simplified its incomplete, out of date and inadequate.  Snowded  TALK 23:18, 12 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Please be specific. Try to list exactly how it is incomplete, out of date and inadequate, and hopefully Mdd may be willing to update the figure to accommodate your suggested improvements. Thanks and regards, IjonTichy (talk) 11:23, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Its not even a good starting point, more systems dynamics than complexity. Nothing there about loose or tight coupling, exaptation, constraints, boundary conditions, fitness landscapes and that is for starters.  It gives the highly misleading impression that it is just about feedback so its also wrong.  It is very questionable whether any attempt to diagram complexity could be successful given the diversity of the field.   At a very basic level the diagram does not reflect the references (see my comment above on A&C and Cilliers).   If we need a picture, then I suggest something that is a picture of a CAS in nature, or maybe swarming behaviour by way of illustration.   Ironically complexity is all about non-reductive systems and the diagram is reductionist.  Snowded  TALK 13:19, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

Definitions - section
Eight years ago in 2005 (see here) this article offered a set of three definitions:
 * A CAS is a complex, self-similar collection of interacting adaptive agents. The study of CAS focus on complex, emergent and macroscopic properties of the system. Various definitions have been offered by different researchers:

 * John H. Holland
 * "A Complex Adaptive System (CAS) is a dynamic network of many agents (which may represent cells, species, individuals, firms, nations) acting in parallel, constantly acting and reacting to what the other agents are doing. The control of a CAS tends to be highly dispersed and decentralized. If there is to be any coherent behavior in the system, it has to arise from competition and cooperation among the agents themselves. The overall behavior of the system is the result of a huge number of decisions made every  moment by many individual agents. (source: Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos by Michael Waldrop)"

 * Kevin Dooley
 * "A CAS behaves/evolves according to three key principles: order is emergent as opposed to predetermined (c.f. Neural Networks), the system's history is irreversible, and the system's future is often unpredictable. The basic building blocks of the CAS are agents. Agents scan their environment and develop schema representing interpretive and action rules. These schema are subject to change and evolution. (source: K. Dooley, AZ State University)"

 * Other definitions

"Macroscopic collections of simple (and typically nonlinearly) interacting units that are endowed with the ability to evolve and adapt to a changing environment. (source: Complexity in Social Science glossary a research training project of the European Commission)" Now in 2013 only the following fraction is left, see (here):
 * A CAS is a complex, self-similar collection of interacting adaptive agents. The study of CAS focuses on complex, emergent and macroscopic  properties of the system.  Various definitions have been offered by different researchers:

 * John H. Holland "Cas [complex adaptive systems] are systems that have a large numbers of components, often called agents, that interact and adapt or learn."

An other Wiki (see here (also created by User:JFromm)) even list five defintions by John H. Holland, Kevin Dooley, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephanie Forrest, and an rather unknown source.

Now it seems like a good idea to either integrated the section in the article, expand it, or create a Wikiquote article. Either way, the current quote must be checked and improved. -- Mdd (talk) 23:15, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

 * We really need a third party source which reviews the various definitions an schools. For example the constraint based definition (Juarrero & others including my HBR article) is not there.  The distinction between human and non-human complex systems and the disputes around that are not reflected.  The field has matured, fragmented and developed.   However as far as I know no one has yet summarised the field to the point where we could produce a reliable referenced summary here Snowded  TALK 23:42, 6 November 2013 (UTC)
 * This very cautious approach requiring some external summary is not dictated by WP policy. In such a situation, primary sources can be cited to represent various views. There is no implied endorsement of any of these views, but only statements like " ‘So-and-so said such-and-such’, see [1]". The concern about such an approach based upon primary sources is that some of the views so-presented may be of minor importance. The justification of their inclusion, lacking a secondary source, is that these views are published in reputable sources, and that publication implies some vetting by either peer review, or by the referees selected by the publisher. It seems to me that WP is better served by mentioning such reliable sources than by sitting on its duff waiting for years for some outside encyclopedia to get current or to become more inclusive. Brews ohare (talk) 17:18, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * You argued something similar on a policy board and it was rejected. In fact you were clearly told that secondary sources are required for wikipedia not editors stringing together quotations from primary sources they think are appropriate.  Snowded  TALK 20:07, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I believe this subject did come up, but your summary of the discussion is baloney. Brews ohare (talk) 21:06, 7 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thats what you think of anyone who disagrees with you Brews.  An Arbcom subject matter ban, multiple failed RfCs and more recently multiple failed attempts to change policy have not convinced you otherwise.  I've run our of patience for dealing with your obduracy  Snowded  TALK 10:59, 8 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The following may help to raise this exchange from the abysmal level where you place it: the discussion you mention is found here as a proposal to amplify the policy regarding primary sources. In contrast to your summary that "you were clearly told that secondary sources are required for Wikipedia", the conclusion was that WP:Primary already clearly supported the the proposal, and that changes in policy were not necessary. Masem's position was "If it's not broke, don't fix it", and he required that diffs be presented to show that problems with applying WP:Primary were sufficiently serious that a modification was needed. As that burden of proof seemed to me to be an invitation to prolonged and fruitless debate, I did not pursue making WP:Primary more emphatic on this point, where numerous parties felt the existing policy was already clear enough. Brews ohare (talk) 18:53, 8 November 2013 (UTC)
 * And a simple reading of that exchange shows you trying to use policy to win a content argument (again). Sorry Brews but you have had so many 'prolonged and fruitless' debates with so many different editors (the latest on Dilemma of Determinism) that the pattern of disruptive (albeit probably well intentioned) behaviour is all too clear.  If you can point to a single diff where other editors have supported one of your positions in any dispute I'd be interested to see it  Snowded  TALK 19:01, 8 November 2013 (UTC)
 * AGF hard at work, eh Snowded? Keep trying to make WP a cesspool. Brews ohare (talk) 00:43, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Facts hurt Brews, if you can answer my question I'll consider withdrawal. AGF is not required in the face of continued un-rectified intransigence, its something you need to earn   Snowded  TALK 00:52, 9 November 2013 (UTC)

Lack of criticism?
Imma doubting. I mean, you could say a social network is a "complex adaptive system", or you could say that the guy that said that should get his head out of his/her ass, and some people participating in the social network actually did some thinking.88.159.79.223 (talk) 00:47, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Complex adaptive system. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090207162407/http://www.foresight.gov.uk/OurWork/CompletedProjects/IIS/Docs/ComplexityandEmergentBehaviour.asp to http://www.foresight.gov.uk/OurWork/CompletedProjects/IIS/Docs/ComplexityandEmergentBehaviour.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090105183805/http://www.openabm.org/site/ to http://www.openabm.org/site/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:05, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Complex adaptive system. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120905170544/http://www.uow.edu.au/~kd21/uploads/Diment-complexity.pdf to http://www.uow.edu.au/~kd21/uploads/Diment-complexity.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:45, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

problematic paragraph in the lede
I've removed this paragraph twice now for the following reasons -Snowded TALK 11:32, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) the lede is meant to summarise the article not introduce material
 * 2) the paragraph is largely original research or synthesis
 * 3) that one author has talked about memes as a CAS may or may not be justified within the body of the next but it does not carry enough weight for the lede. The emphasis in memes and the references to social Darwinism again may belong in the text but the vast bulk of the literature is not about this.  It may justify a section or subsection but not the lede
 * 4) the origination of the term is controversial and it needs a third party source not a conclusion drawn from the title of an aticle.
 * 5) in general there are controveries over the various origins of CAS and one school that wants to root it into systems theory (dynamics/cybernetics) but we should not speak in wikipedia's voice on that
 * I agree with this removal. Please add balanced discussion to the body of the article rather than the lede. jps (talk) 13:17, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I wonder why you're reacting so strongly to this. The lede should let the reader know what exactly the approach is all about. Less jargon, more clarity. Of course it sounds very hi-tech to talk about complex adaptive systems, but I would suggest CAS is not a specific computational model, but an evolutionary metaphor. As such, the reader is interested to know how it relates with other similar models – there seem to be quite a few out there. One would be interested to know which side of the nature—nurture debate it falls into. There's quite a bit of discussion on the matter in the cited sources which Snowded keeps deleting, and surely elsewhere, too. To answer all your list items:
 * the lede is meant to summarise the article not introduce material —> The lede will however have to explain what CAS is, and here one may indicate its relation to other models. However, I can additionally start a new section.
 * the paragraph is largely original research or synthesis —> I'm avoiding OR articles and using reviews and standard sources, so I disagree.
 * that one author has talked about memes as a CAS may or may not be justified within the body of the next but it does not carry enough weight for the lede. The emphasis in memes and the references to social Darwinism again may belong in the text but the vast bulk of the literature is not about this.  It may justify a section or subsection but not the lede —> The way this went is you began with suggesting the sources are not valid or that they're cited incorrectly. As I had to add more sources and explain them, you now suggest there's too much material. Now you're also saying that only one author has discussed memes, although it's pretty much all of them. But you're again saying I should add material to make a point, and remove material so it's not heavy. Was it heavy in the first place?
 * the origination of the term is controversial and it needs a third party source not a conclusion drawn from the title of an aticle. —> Your description of the cited sources is not correct at all. But can we make an a priori agreement that if a third-party source is found (i.e. without Buckley as a co-author), the information is valid and will be accepted?
 * in general there are controveries over the various origins of CAS and one school that wants to root it into systems theory (dynamics/cybernetics) but we should not speak in wikipedia's voice on that. —> We should also not delete the information. Whatever competing views there are, we should take such discussion into account. NB Axelrod – suggested by yourself – discusses CAS's origins in cybernetics and systems theory, but also Dawkins's Selfish Gene. There's clearly a confluence, but I'd like the lede to be sufficiently clear. Just between the two of us, isn't the case actually that CAS is so loosely defined that it subsumes invisible hand, natural selection, memetics, and whatever else there's been around for the past 2000 years? As such, Wikipedia will either have to make it reasonably clear, or state that CAS has no exact definition or substance, but can be understood by way of its relation to similar concepts. Note that WP is not an advert, so it can say whatever is useful for the reader whether it's best for the advocates of CAS or not.Weidorje (talk) 13:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Weidorje, I think you have some good ideas, but put together some of this in well-cited text for the body of the article. Then we can think about how to appropriately summarize it for the lede. See WP:SUMMARY as a general principle. I'm happy to help you put together something for the body of the text. jps (talk) 13:50, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Deal, I'll leave the lede alone for now and start working on the body in the near future :) Weidorje (talk) 14:01, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * As I said I have no issue with something in the body of the text on the links some authors make between memetics and CAS. However Dawkins is metioned once in Axelrod and Cohen (p55) in reference to propsering as a team and it is a minor reference at best.  It doesn't support your wording so you will need more to support something in the body of the article - memetics may be easier than Dawkins there.  Otherwise you would expect Kauffman to reference him if significant but he just provides one incidental quote on 643 of the Origins of Order and that in the epilogue.  I'll happily check the other CAS writers from a biological background but I don't recall anything off hand.  Otherwise I know that Castelli and others have produced evolutionary maps of CAS which was recently updated.  You can find the 2018 version here (full disclosure it now names me). I know from conversations that they are currently updating that material and inteviewing people in the field as a part of that. That will be important as it is a third party source rather than original research using primary sources but I suspect that we will have to wait a year for that.  What he has already  published shows cybernetics as one of the sources.  Otherwise CAS itself has different fields or approaches - there is one group that base their work in cybernetics, others around Santa Fee I would describe as computational complexity and my own field is anthro-complexity.  However all of this language is emergent as the field is very new and we need to be cautious what we say.  As to prior use of language - gravity was a word before Newton, but after Newton the meaning is different -Snowded TALK 16:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Sure, let's look for answers and slightly widen the scope of the article. I don't think it's a complete coincidence that it's part of WikiProject Evolutionary Biology... As I understand it, this is part of a universal Darwinian framework where people who do CAS are assumed to be evolutionary biologists of a kind regardless of their actual training and profession. The paradox seems to be that you need to go interdisciplinary to get a funding, but scientifically focussed if you want to be taken seriously. This is why people sometimes let you understand they're biologists and sometimes explicitly deny it. So what is CAS? I think it's little more than a concept (i.e. similar to a word). To elucidate, you could say that replicators, for example, form a CAS (but this is not a fundamentally new idea).Weidorje (talk) 18:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * The origins of CAS are in various disciplines - Arthur in Economics, Page in Archeology, Kauffmann in Biology, Prigogine in Chemistry, Juarrero in Philosophy and I could go on. I haven't seen evidence of the paradox you mention as I have seen a lot of funding move into computational complexity on manufacturing for example.  I sat on a NSF panel awarding grants to people working on complexity in Aviation and was Director of a EPSRC programme in the UK which awared money to various types of modelling (swarm robots, insects etc).  I don't know of anyone who assumes CAS is only about evolutionary biology Darwinian or neo-Darwinian.  Mind you I don't know anyone in the field who is Creationist, thank god .  There are common themes - the properties of the whole are not any aggregate of its parts and so on.  Paul Cilliers has a much cited list of the characteristcs of a  CAS and we can use that - happy to replicate it here if you are not familiar.  John Holland establishs the split between Complex physical systems and complex adaptive systems.  I and others see the distinguishing feature of a CAS as the lack of material linear causality. The overall point I am making is that evolutonary biology has a CAS element but it does not define it -Snowded TALK 22:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

 * So, like I said, it is interdisciplinary. But the underlying model is called Universal Darwinism. What we gather so far is that some use the term CAS purely as relates to memetics, some see little connection, and others stand somewhere in between. Snowded, I see you have much inside knowledge, but also that you have a personal/financial interest in this article. Weidorje (talk) 08:22, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

 * As a brief comment I'd like to add that, as you say, no one doing CAS believes in Creation. You should be aware that the question of creation, planning or intelligent design stand right in the middle of the potential problematics of this kind of approach. In aviation, for example, CAS suggests that the macro-level phenomenon emerges from individual actions. I wonder why this is a useful description of air traffic, when we look at how all of its complexity actually arises.Weidorje (talk) 08:34, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Sorry you have no evidence to support the assertion that the underlying model is 'Universal Darwinism' - It is certainly not in most of the third party sources I have so please, if you have them, cite them. Air traffic is susceptable to agent based modelling and there are also interesting human factors in air traffic control which is one area I have worked in; your link to creationism is obscure at best so if it is relevant to the article then you will have to explain this.  Otherwise I'm sorry but I am a SME as far as this page is concerned, check your wikipedia rules on COI and you will find out that you are in error there.  I do have a COI in the Cynefin Framework article which is declared. -Snowded TALK 11:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

 * However, this WP article is not meant to be a mere reflection of your professional opinion. As much as the issues are discussed in legitimate sources, there is a place for them on the page. Weidorje (talk) 08:09, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Which is why I asked you to come up with some sources for your assertion (a reflection of your personal opinion) that the underlying model is 'Universal Darwinism' and my providing mainstream sources that made no mention of memetics. I also gave you a link to a third party source on the origins of CAS.  If you check back I said the article was no place for my separation of computational from anthro-complexity as that was not yet more broadly established. There is a place for some reference to memetics and CAS on the page, something I suggested when you were edit warring on the lede but it needs to be proportional to the literature as a whole.  -Snowded TALK 08:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Deal.Weidorje (talk) 09:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Characteristics Section
The first part of the characteristics section doesn't actually refer to CAS, it's just for complex systems. This should be adjusted. TPen94 (talk) 17:35, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

Difference between complex system and complex adaptive system?
Is there any difference between complex system and complex adaptive system? Otherwise we need a merge between these two articles. There's a lot of material in the two articles, so some adaptation ;) would be needed in a merge by our complex system of editors. Boud (talk) 23:16, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Complex adaptive system


text: File:LittleDeuceCover.jpg

title: File:LittleDeuceCover.jpg


text:
Talk:First Nation

is the term first nation used also in New Zealand (see Te Atairangi Kaahu)? if so, the redirect is wrong --Melaen 23:50, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Nation


text: User talk:207.255.220.101

title: User talk:207.255.220.101


text:
Donald Gordon McKenzie

Donald Gordon McKenzie (April 9, 1887 – May 14, 1963) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1928 to 1936 and was a cabinet minister in the government of John Bracken.

McKenzie was born in Brandon, Manitoba, to parents who were recent settlers from Huron County, Ontario. His father, Roderick McKenzie, was a founder and for years a prominent member of the farmers' movement in Western Canada.

The younger McKenzie was educated at Brandon Collegiate and Manitoba Agricultural College, and himself worked as a farmer. He married Katie Belle Cole in 1914. He was a member of United Grain Growers Ltd. of Winnipeg, and secretary-treasurer of the local United Farmers of Manitoba division from 1922 to 1926. From April 1926 to October 1928, he served as part of an advisory board on Tariff and Taxation.

Although he had no prior experience in electoral politics, McKenzie was appointed to John Bracken's government on October 22, 1928 as Minister of Mines and Natural Resources. On November 10, 1928, he was elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election in the constituency of Lansdowne, replacing former Premier Tobias Norris. McKenzie ran as a "Liberal-Progressive", and was endorsed by both Bracken's Progressives and the local branch of the Manitoba Liberal Party.

McKenzie also served as Provincial Secretary from October 22, 1928 to December 31, 1929, and as acting Minister of Public Works from March 22 to May 18, 1929.

The Liberals and Progressives formed an electoral alliance in 1932, and all government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives". McKenzie was easily re-elected in Lansdowne, and appointed Minister of Agriculture and Power Commissioner after a cabinet shuffle on May 27, 1932.

He left politics in 1936, and was named vice-president and director of United Grain Growers, Ltd. He was named Chief Commissioner of the Board of Grain Commissioners for Canada in 1942, and served in this capacity until his retirement in 1956.

He died at home in Winnipeg in 1963.

title: Donald Gordon McKenzie


text:
Friends of Sinn Féin

The Friends of Sinn Féin (Cairde Shinn Féin) is the name of six different Irish republican political non-profit organisations located in Scotland, England, Wales, Canada, Australia and the United States. Friends of Sinn Féin USA, located in New York City, is the largest and most successful.

Each FOSF is associated with the political party Sinn Féin, and works with the Irish-Scots, Irish-English, Irish-Canadian, Irish-Australian and Irish-American communities to foster good relations between the Sinn Féin party and the governments of those countries. Many Sinn Féin politicians engage in international speaking tours to raise support for their party. This was seen in 2014 in Australia, with Mary Lou McDonald TD and Francie Molloy MP visiting Australia and helping raise support with Irish Australians. The FOSF USA organisation is one of the chief fund-raising sources for Sinn Féin. In 2008 it was reported that FOSF USA remains one of the major contributors and a "key source of funds" for the party.

title: Friends of Sinn Féin


text:
Krasnoselskaya

Krasnoselskaya (Красносе́льская) is a Moscow Metro station in the Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Sokolnicheskaya Line, between Komsomolskaya and Sokolniki stations. Krasnoselskaya is located under Krasnoprudnaya Street, east of the intersection with Krasnoselskaya Street.

Name
It is named after Krasnoselskaya Street.

History
The section of the Sokolnicheskaya Line between Sokolniki and Komsomolskaya was built under Krasnoprudnaya Street, using the cut and cover method. Construction work on Krasnoselskaya began in spring 1933, and the station opened along with other 9 stations of the line on 15 May 1935.

Design
The planned passenger volume at Krasnoselskaya was relatively low, so the station was built with a narrower platform than the other stations of the first line. The station has one row of ten-sided columns, which are faced with red and yellow Crimean marble. The walls are finished with yellow and red ceramic tile and punctuated at regular intervals by concrete pilasters. The architects of the station were B. Vilenskiy and V. Yershov.

Entrance
Krasnoselskaya was originally planned to have entrances at two ends, but only the western one, located at the northeast corner of Krasnoprudnaya Street and Upper Krasnoselskaya Street, was built. In 2005 the vestibule's original tile floor was replaced with similarly-coloured marble.

title: Krasnoselskaya


text:
Missouri Route 249

Route 249 is a 6.16 mi freeway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. It travels from Interstate 44/Interstate 49 (I-44/I-49) in Joplin and ending at Business I-49/Route 171 (I-49 Bus./Route 171) in Carterville.

The road has been built as a freeway. It is also possible that it will be resigned as part of a possible Interstate 249 (I-249) in the future.

Route description
Route 249 begins at an interchange with I-44, I-49, and US 71 east of Joplin in Jasper County, where the road continues south as I-49/US 71. The route heads north as a four-lane freeway through agricultural areas with some nearby development, coming to an interchange with Route 66/I-44 Bus. west of Duenweg. The freeway continues north to the next interchange at Newman Road. Route 249 curves northwest and comes to the exit for Route VV (Zora Street). The route curves north and ends at an interchange with I-49 Bus./Route 171 near Carterville.

History
After an agreement between EPA and the state of Missouri, the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department built the Route 249 highway bypass through 4 mi of contaminated land on the site in 2001. The project adaptively reused mine wastes as fill material. Cleanup of the Superfund site began in 2007, and the Route 249 bypass opened to the public in 2008.

It is proposed that Route 249 is to be the first leg of a loop encircling the Joplin area.

title: Missouri Route 249


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Christian Tracts

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

List of Christian Tracts
There are literally thousands of tracts produced cheeply by hundreds of organisations - this list is unmaintainable and would be largely unverifiable. A list of historically significant ones perhaps --Doc (?) 23:53, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is a useless article. I bet there are very few of those tracts that are actually notable. Gwk 23:56, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above; notability not shown, and in any case unverifiable and unmaintainable. Dcarrano 01:03, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notable: yes. Maintainable and capable of being reasonably parametricized: no. Fernando Rizo 03:24, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. Some of these are notable.  Most are not.  Unless there is some kind of criteria to limit it to the notable ones, this could become a huge, unmaintainable list. Kaibabsquirrel 03:53, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unmaintainable list. JamesBurns 07:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
C. K. Williams

Charles Kenneth "C. K." Williams (November 4, 1936 – September 20, 2015) was an American poet, critic and translator. Williams won many poetry awards. Flesh and Blood won the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1987. Repair (1999) won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, was a National Book Award finalist and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. The Singing won the 2003 National Book Award and Williams received the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize in 2005. The 2012 film The Color of Time relates aspects of Williams' life using his poetry.

Life
The American poet C.K. Williams was born in Newark, New Jersey, on November 4, 1936. His parents were Paul B. Williams and Dossie Kasdin. His grandparents came to the US from Kiev, then a Ukrainian city within the Russian Empire, and Lvov, Ukraine.

He went to Columbia High School in Maplewood, attended Bucknell University for one year, then moved on to and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.

He started writing poetry during his second year at Penn, and half-way through junior year he left for Paris. At that time, he wrote "I fell into a period of lacerating loneliness. I'd always been a little shy but now something, maybe my uncertainty about my identity as a poet, my sense of being a pretender, made me all but mute with strangers: I used to stay all day in my hotel room, reading, trying to write, then I'd go out to eat by myself, and take endless, anguished walks." When he returned to Penn, he switched major from philosophy to English. He studied poetry with Morse Peckham, who also mentioned that T.S. Eliot had written that if you wanted to be a poet, you had to write poetry every day, a recommendation Williams applied in his writing life.

After graduating from Penn, he stayed in Philadelphia. His circle of friends included artists, carpenters, poets, a famous sociologist, photographers, musicians and film makers. He spent time with young architects who worked for Louis Kahn, and later wrote: "I realized that my image of the artist's calling had come almost entirely from Kahn: he was absolutely devoted to his craft, and expected the same dedication from everyone else." He published his first book, Lies, in 1969.

In 1963 he married Sarah Dean Jones, a printer who worked for Eugene Feldman at the Falcon Press in Philadelphia. The marriage ended in divorce. Their daughter, Jessie Williams Burns, founded Tursulowe Press in Philadelphia.

In 1973 he met Catherine Mauger. They married in 1975 and had a son, Jed Williams, a painter and the owner of an art gallery in Philadelphia. His paintings are often featured on the covers of Williams' books. Catherine and C.K. lived part of the year in the US, and part of the year in Paris, France, and later in Normandy.

Williams began teaching in the mid-'70s at the YM-YWHA in Philadelphia. He also worked as an assistant group therapist. He taught creative writing at different universities, among them, Franklin and Marshall, the University of California at Irvine, Boston University, Brooklyn College, Columbia University, George Mason University and, starting in 1996, Princeton University. He traveled across the country, and out of the country, giving readings and poetry workshops. He also worked on translations, notably of two Greek tragedies.

After publishing his second book, I Am the Bitter Name, Williams said that he had felt like giving up writing. Then he was asked to read at a college of art in Philadelphia, and he decided to read some unfinished poems: "and I was astonished to realize that they were exactly what I'd been waiting for, though I hadn't known I'd been waiting for anything at all. The poems were long, ragged lines, they had a much more conversational tone than the poems I'd been writing. Most importantly, the new poems, while having a much more narrative structure than the older ones, also had much more direct mechanisms for tracing thoughts, perceptions and emotions; they gave me a way to deal more inclusively and exhaustively with my own mind than the poems I'd been writing until then. I began to write poetry again, with more conviction than ever, and more confidence, more of a sense of what I wanted to do (…) The scope of the poems, the certainty they gave me that I could deal thoroughly with themes that interested me, were enough to keep me going. They are the poems that were collected in With Ignorance and Tar."

C.K. Williams became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2003. He had a wide circle of friends in the U.S. and in Europe, many of them artists and writers. He gave a last reading and interview at Drew University in June 2015. He was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the summer of 2013. He died at home in Hopewell, New Jersey on September 20, 2015. Twenty days earlier, he had finished working on the manuscript of his last book of poems, Falling Ill.

Works
His first book, Lies, was published in 1969. Much of his early and mid-career work appeared in Poems 1963-1983 (1988). His Collected Poems appeared in 2006, of which Peter Campion wrote in The Boston Globe: "Throughout the five decades represented in his new Collected Poems, Williams has maintained the most sincere, and largest, ambitions. Like Yeats and Lowell before him, he writes from the borderland between private and public life…(His poems) join skeptical intelligence and emotional sincerity, to make sense of the world and ourselves. C.K. Williams has set a new standard for American poetry."

His book Repair won the Pulitzer Prize in 2000, and in 2003 The Singing won the National Book Award. He also wrote essays, plays, children's books, and did translations. His final collection of poetry was the posthumously published Falling Ill (2017).

Poetry

 * Collections
 * A Day for Anne Frank, Falcon Press, Philadelphia, 1968.
 * Lies, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1969.
 * I Am the Bitter Name, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1972.
 * With Ignorance, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1977.
 * Tar, Random House, New York, 1983.
 * The Lark. The Thrush. The Starling. Poems from Issa, Burning Deck Press, Providence, 1983.
 * Flesh and Blood, Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York, 1987; Bloodaxe Books, Newcastle, 1988.
 * Poems 1963–1983, Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York, 1988; Bloodaxe Books, Newcastle, 1988.
 * Helen, Orchises Press, 1991.
 * A Dream of Mind, Poems, Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York, 1992; Bloodaxe Books, Newcastle, 1992.
 * Selected Poems, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1994.
 * New and Selected Poems, Bloodaxe Books, Newcastle, 1995.
 * The Vigil, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1997.
 * Repair, Farrar Straus and Giroux; Bloodaxe Books, 1999.
 * Love About Love, Ausable Press, 2001.
 * The Singing, Farrar Straus and Giroux; Bloodaxe Books, 2003.
 * Collected Poems, Farrar Straus and Giroux; Bloodaxe Books, 2006.
 * Creatures, Green Shade, Haverford, 2006.
 * Wait, Farrar Straus and Giroux; Bloodaxe Books, 2010.
 * Crossing State Lines, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2011.
 * Writers Writing Dying, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2012.
 * All at Once, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014.
 * Selected Later Poems, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015
 * Falling Ill, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017
 * List of poems

Prose

 * Misgivings, My Mother, My Father, Myself, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2000.
 * Catherine's Laughter, Sarabande Books, 2013.

Essays and criticism

 * Poetry and Consciousness; University of Michigan Press, 1998.
 * On Whitman, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2010.
 * In Time: Poets, Poems, and the Rest, University of Chicago Press, 2012.

Plays

 * The Operated Jew
 * Creatures of Love

Translations

 * Women of Trachis, translated from Sophocles, with Gregory Dickerson, Oxford University Press, New York, London, 1978.
 * The Lark, The Thrush, The Starling, Poems from Issa, Burning Deck, 1983.
 * The Bacchae, translated from Euripides, with an introduction by Martha Nussbaum, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1990.
 * Canvas, translation from the Polish of Adam Zagajewski, with Renata Gorczynski and Benjamin Ivry, Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1991.
 * Selected Poems of Francis Ponge, with John Montague and Margaret Guiton, Wake Forest University Press, 1994.

Books Published in French

 * Chair et Sang, Orphée La Différence, 1993
 * Gratitude, Editeurs Le Gui et Jacques Darras, 1996
 * Anthologie Personnelle: Poèmes, Actes Sud, 2001
 * Dissentiments, Actes Sud, 2006

Books edited

 * The Selected and Last Poems of Paul Zweig, edited and with an introduction by C. K. Williams, Wesleyan University Press, 1989.
 * The Essential Hopkins, edited and with an introduction by C. K. Williams, Ecco Press, 1993.

Children's books

 * How the Nobble Was Finally Found, Harcourt-Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 2009.
 * A Not Scary Story About Big Scary Things illustrated by Gabi Swiatkowska, Harcourt-Houghton Mifflin, 2010.

Miscellaneous

 * Solitudes, a song cycle, set by Ronald Surak, 1970.
 * Script consultant for a film by David Lynch, The Grandmother.
 * Criminals, a film by Joseph Strick, narrative by C. K. Williams, 1994.
 * Crossing State Lines, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
 * The Color of Time, a movie produced by James Franco, 2012.

Awards and honors

 * John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 1974.
 * Bernard Conner Prize, The Paris Review, 1983.
 * Nominee, National Book Critics Circle Award, for Tar, 1983.
 * National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, 1985 and 1993.
 * National Book Critics Circle Award for Poetry, for Flesh and Blood, 1987.
 * Finalist, Pulitzer Prize, for Flesh and Blood, 1987.
 * Jerome Shestack Prize, The American Poetry Review, 1988, 1996.
 * Morton Dauwen Zabel Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, 1989.
 * Woodrow Wilson-Lila Wallace Fellow, 1992–93.
 * Nominee, National Book Critics Circle Award, for A Dream of Mind, 1992.
 * Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writer's Award, 1993.
 * Harriet Monroe Poetry Award, Poetry, 1993.
 * Nominee, National Book Critics Circle Award, for The Vigil, 1997.
 * Finalist, Pulitzer Prize, for The Vigil, 1997.
 * PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry, 1998.
 * Berlin Prize, American Academy in Berlin, 1998.
 * Finalist, National Book Award, for Repair, 1999.
 * American Academy of Arts and Letters Literature Award, 1999
 * Weathertop Poetry Award for Repair, 2000.
 * Maurice English Award for Repair, 2000.
 * Los Angeles Times Book Award for Repair, 2000.
 * Pulitzer Prize, for Repair, 2000.
 * Pen/Albrand Memoir Award, for Misgivings, 2001.
 * National Book Award, for The Singing, 2003.
 * Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, 2005.
 * Milton Kessler Poetry Prize, Binghamton University, 2012.
 * Jewish Book Prize, 2012.

Events

 * A Piano and Poetry Recital. Richard Goode and C.K. Williams : a Princeton University	concert on March 9, 2014, at Richardson Auditorium. The recital was recorded.
 * Dedication of "Garden", a poem by C.K. Williams, in October 2016, in the Poetry Trail of the D & R Greenway Land Trust : 1, Preservation Place, Princeton, N.J. 08540.
 * A Reading and Gathering to Celebrate the Life and Work of C.K. Williams took place at Kelly Writers House at Penn University in Philadelphia on April 11, 2016. Recording available.
 * A Tribute to C.K. Williams took place at The New School in New York City on February 22, 2017. The event was recorded.

Archives

 * C. K. Williams Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

title: C. K. Williams