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Cultösaurus Erectus

Cultösaurus Erectus is the seventh studio album by American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released in June 1980. Following an experiment with a more commercial sound on the album Mirrors (released the previous year), this recording marked a return to the band's earlier, heavier sound. It also represents the band's first collaboration with British producer Martin Birch (Deep Purple, Fleetwood Mac, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden), who would also produce the band's following album Fire of Unknown Origin a year later.

While the album did sell more than its predecessor, it stalled at Gold status. However, during this time, Blue Öyster Cult was still filling large venues. The tour promoting Cultösaurus Erectus found the band co-headlining sports arenas in the United States with Black Sabbath as part of the Black and Blue Tour.

The album cover features the central part of the painting Behemoth's World by British artist Richard Clifton-Dey.

Songs
"Black Blade" features lyrics by fantasy and sci-fi writer Michael Moorcock and is about Stormbringer, a black sword wielded by Elric of Melniboné, the most famous character in Moorcock's mythology.

The title "The Marshall Plan" is a play on words, connecting the post-World War II economic program with the British amplifier manufacturer. The song also includes a cameo by Don Kirshner introducing Johnny, the subject of the song, as an act on Don Kirshner's Rock Concert, a syndicated concert program popular in the 1970s and early 1980s.

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Eric Bloom – guitar, keyboards, vocals
 * Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser – lead guitar, bass (on "Deadline"), keyboards, vocals
 * Allen Lanier – keyboards, guitar
 * Joe Bouchard – bass, vocals
 * Albert Bouchard – drums, vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Don Kirshner – introduction during "The Marshall Plan"
 * Mark Rivera – saxophone on "Monsters"

 * Production
 * Martin Birch – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Clay Hutchinson – second engineer
 * Richard Clifton-Dey – front cover art
 * Paula Scher – cover design

title: Cultösaurus Erectus


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Diatonic button accordion

A melodeon or diatonic button accordion is a member of the free-reed aerophone family of musical instruments. It is a type of button accordion on which the melody-side keyboard contains one or more rows of buttons, with each row producing the notes of a single diatonic scale. The buttons on the bass-side keyboard are most commonly arranged in pairs, with one button of a pair sounding the fundamental of a chord and the other the corresponding major triad (or, sometimes, a minor triad).

Diatonic button accordions are popular in many countries, and used mainly for playing popular music and traditional folk music, and modern offshoots of these genres.

Nomenclature
Various terms for the diatonic button accordion are used in different parts of the English-speaking world.

 * In Britain and Australia, the term melodeon (meileòidean or am bogsa) is commonly used, regardless of whether the instrument has one, two, or three rows of melody buttons.
 * In Ireland, melodeon (mileoidean or an bosca ) is reserved for instruments with a single row of melody buttons (a "one-row" instrument), while instruments with two or three rows are called button accordions (often simply accordions).
 * In North America, both one-row and multi-row instruments are usually simply called accordions. (Historically, the term melodeon was applied to various 19th-century free-reed organs.)

To simplify matters and avoid ambiguity, in the remainder of this article the term diatonic button accordion, or DBA, will be used.

International terms

 * The Basque terms are trikiti, trikitixa, soinu txikia or akordeoi diatonikoa.
 * The Brazilian Portuguese terms are oito baixos (lit. eight basses), sanfona de oito baixos, pé de bode (lit. goat foot), acordeão diatônico or gaita-ponto.
 * The Catalan term is acordió diatònic.
 * The Dutch terms are trekharmonika and trekzak.
 * The Estonian term is lõõtspill.
 * The Finnish term is kaksirivinen haitari
 * In France, the term accordéon diatonique (familiarly, diato) is used; mélodéon is sometimes used for one-row instruments.
 * The usual German terms are 'Ziehharmonika', Handharmonika or Knopfakkordeon.
 * The Swiss variant, with a double-action bass keyboard, is known in the local German as a Schwyzerörgeli.
 * The Alpine Austrian variant, with amplified bass notes reminiscent of the helicon tuba, is known in German as a Steirische Harmonika.
 * In Italy, a diatonic button accordion is a fisarmonica diatonica or organetto.
 * In Limburgish it is known as trèkzak or kwetsjbuul / kwetsjbujel.
 * The Lithuanian term is Armonika.
 * In Mexico, as in Colombia, it is called acordeón diatónico or acordeón de botones.
 * The Norwegian term is Torader (lit. two-row) or the general term Durspill (lit. major instrument), covering all number of rows.
 * In Portugal (especially in the north) it is called concertina, not to be confused with the English word "concertina".
 * The Russian term is garmon.
 * The Czech term is heligonka.
 * The Slovak term is heligónka.
 * The Slovenian term is diatonična harmonika and more frequently frajtonar'ca
 * The Swedish term is Durspel.
 * In Argentina it is called verdulera.

Glossary
The following definitions will assist understanding of this article.
 * DBA: abbreviation for diatonic button accordion
 * single-action: refers to an instrument on which each key or button produces two notes, as does bisonoric (a term recently coined on the model of the French bi-sonore and German wechseltönig)
 * double-action: refers to an instrument on which each key or button produces a single note, as does unisonoric (recently coined as the counterpart of bisonoric)
 * reversal: on a single-action instrument, a button or key which produces a note available elsewhere on the keyboard, but obtained by using the opposite bellows direction
 * accidental: any note of the chromatic scale outside the diatonic scale of a DBA's "home" key

Action
Most diatonic button accordions have a "single-action" (or bisonoric) keyboard, meaning that each button produces two notes: one when the bellows are pressed or pushed (closed) and another when the bellows are drawn or pulled (opened). In this respect, these instruments operate like a harmonica. (In contrast, most other types of accordion, for example piano accordions and chromatic button accordions, are "double-action" – or unisonoric – because each key produces a single note regardless of bellows direction.)

Other single-action or bisonoric members of the free-reed family include the German concertina, the Anglo-German (or "Anglo") concertina, the bandoneon, the Chemnitzer concertina (see concertina) and the mouth organ (harmonica).

There are varieties of diatonic button accordion that are double-action, such as the garmon.

Distribution of notes on the keyboard and range
Because each button produces two notes, the diatonic scale can be covered in four buttons on a melody row.

For example, on a melody row pitched in C, the notes of the lower full octave of the instrument's range are assigned to four buttons as follows:

''Note: the first button in the example above, numbered 1, is likely to be the 3rd or 4th button in a row on an instrument. Also note the pattern of push/pull to ascend the scale is broken on the return to the root note, this ensures that the root note in both octaves (in this example C and C') are in the same "push" direction. This also has the effect of keeping melody notes in an ideal direction for chords on the left hand.''

When the bellows are pressed, every button produces a note from the major triad of the home key; in this case, the pattern CEG repeats itself throughout the keyboard. The remaining notes of the diatonic scale are produced when the bellows are drawn or pulled.

Since there are seven notes in the diatonic scale, and since each button produces two notes, the note pairings on the buttons change in each octave. In the second full octave of the instrument's range, E is paired with D (instead of with F in the first octave), and so on.

Because the range of each row is typically restricted to two complete octaves (with a few notes above and below), the inconsistent note pairing from one octave to the next remains manageable.

For detailed diagrams of typical note layouts on various types of diatonic button accordion (DBA), see melodeon.net.

Available keys
On a one-row DBA, music in a single major key and its relative minor can be played. For example, an instrument in D can play music in D major and B minor. However, the variety of music that can be played on a one-row instrument is wider than these facts might suggest: besides D major and B minor, our one-row instrument in D can play tunes in A Mixolydian and E Dorian, and tunes that use gapped scales, such as pentatonic tunes with a root of D, G or A.

Multi-row systems
A one-row DBA has the advantages of being light and compact, but is by its nature limited to the notes of a single diatonic scale. Since the mid-to-late 19th century, instruments have been produced with more than one row in order to give players a greater choice of scales and tonalities.

Multi-row systems can be divided into two broad classes: "fourth-apart" systems and "semitone-apart" systems.

Fourth-apart systems
Fourth-apart systems are the most widespread form of multi-row DBA. Moving from the outside of the keyboard towards the inside, each row is pitched one-fourth higher than its neighbour. Conventionally, the outer keyboard row is specified first: for an example, on a G/C instrument the outer row is in the key of G, the inner row in C.

Commonly used in continental Europe are two-row systems in G/C and C/F and three-row systems in G/C/F, but many other permutations exist. In England, in the latter part of the 20th century, the D/G configuration became firmly established as the standard for interpreting traditional music of England, and particularly for the accompaniment of social and Morris dancing.

Three-row systems are also popular in Mexico and the United States (in Conjunto, Tejano, Zydeco and Cajun musics) and Colombia (in Vallenato and Folklor musics). Tunings include B♭/E♭/A♭, A/D/G, G/C/F, F/B♭/E♭ and E/A/D. The three-row fourth-apart configuration is known as the "international system."

Multi-row systems obviously extend the range of tonalities available. But since many notes in the additional rows are "reversals" (duplicate notes produced by the opposite bellows action), multi-row systems allow greater flexibility of phrasing, since the player can often choose whether or not to change bellows direction, or to harmonize with a particular chord, by choosing a note from one row or another. Styles of play have developed in which row-crossing allows the bass side to be used to maximum effect, and the number of changes of bellows direction greatly reduced.

Accidentals and reversals
Another feature designed to increase the flexibility of fourth-apart systems is the inclusion of notes that lie beyond the diatonic scales of each row, or "accidentals". These notes are most often operated by the buttons at the top of the keyboard (that is, closest to the player's chin), below the lowest notes of the scale.

Accidentals are sometimes placed on two extra buttons, or a shorter third row of four or more buttons, close to the bellows. The Club system developed by Hohner is a well-established example of this approach. Using the accidentals, and with the added modification of a Gleichton (unisonoric second-octave tonic in the centre of the middle row), this system allows players to obtain a fully chromatic scale – albeit in one direction only (draw).

Another use of such additional short rows, or half-rows, is to provide reversals (see above) to give the player greater flexibility.

Semitone-apart systems
In semitone-apart systems, moving in from the outside the keyboard, each row is pitched a semitone higher than its neighbour. This configuration makes all the notes of the chromatic scale available. As a result, such instruments could strictly be termed chromatic (rather than diatonic) instruments. In practice, however, the restrictions imposed by the single action and layout of the keyboard lead most players to keep to a fairly restricted range of keys (albeit a wider range than is practical on most fourth-apart systems).

The earliest semitone-apart system was C/C♯, and many variants have been used over the years, notably D/D♯ and G/G♯. However, since the mid-20th century two main systems have been in widespread use: the B/C system, used mainly for Irish and Scottish music, along with its larger cousin, the B/C/C♯ system (which is now little used outside Scotland); and the C♯/D system, somewhat less common, used mainly in Irish music. (Irish-American musicians of the mid-20th century used this system with the position of the rows reversed, i.e. D/C♯.)

Bass systems
Traditionally, one-row instruments have two or four buttons on the bass side, two-row instruments have eight, and three-row instruments twelve. As mentioned above, bass buttons are conventionally arranged in bass-note/chord pairs.

Some modern players, particularly in France, are driving a trend towards instruments with more complex bass systems, with as many as 16 or even 18 buttons. Sometimes these more elaborate systems will diverge from the single-action principle, and may feature bass notes only instead of bass-chord pairs of buttons.

The B/C/C♯ system (also known as the British Chromatic System) used in Scotland provides a notable example of the use of a double-action bass side with a single-action melody side: these instruments frequently feature a full Stradella bass system as used on piano accordions and chromatic button accordions.

Geographical variations on the DBA theme
Several distinct variations of the DBA have developed in different regions of the world. These include the Russian garmon, the Steirische Harmonika or Slovenian-style accordion that is popular in Alpine regions of Europe, the Swiss Schwyzerörgeli and the Basque trikitixa; the last two combine single- and double-action (bisonoric and unisonoric) features. A common type of Italian organetto has a single melody row augmented with a very short half-row of between two and four buttons (often smaller in diameter than those on the main row) providing reversals only.

Advantages and disadvantages of the diatonic system
DBAs have two main advantages when compared with chromatic accordions such as piano accordions and chromatic button accordions: 1) smaller size and lighter weight, 2) and the rhythmic effects inherent in the single ("push-pull") action.

The size and weight difference results from the nature of accordion reeds, which produce sound when air is moved through them in one direction only. In other words, for any key or button, two reeds are necessary: one to sound on the press, and one to sound on the draw. Because a double-action instrument sounds the same note on both press and draw, it needs two reeds for any given note in its range, where a single-action instrument—which sounds a different note on press and draw—requires only one. Any double-action instrument thus requires roughly twice as many reeds as an equivalent single-action instrument, making it larger and considerably heavier. (Another way to understand this difference is to consider the fact that a double-action instrument generally requires twice as many keys or buttons to produce a range of notes as a single-action instrument: for example, a piano accordion requires 8 keys (16 reeds) to sound a diatonic scale from C to C', where a DBA pitched in C requires 4 buttons (8 reeds) to produce the same notes.) This size and weight advantage is somewhat eroded in more complex, multi-row variants of the DBA, alluded to below.

The rhythmic effects inherent in the push-pull action are very well suited to the lively rhythms of dance music, and traditional dance music in particular. (On multi-row fourth-apart instruments, players can to some extent counter the natural push-pull effect with a row-crossing playing style that "smooths out" the musical phrasing; on semitone-apart systems, depending on the key of the piece being played, players may be obliged to adopt a smoother style.) Additionally, the close-togetherness of the notes on a DBA allow some tunes (particularly the quick folkdances and tunes written for the instrument) to be played with more ease and speed than on the more spread-out keyboards of chromatic- and piano-accordions. For example, playing an Irish reel might be easier on a B/C system diatonic than on a piano-accordion, and a Swiss Schottisch or Ländler might be easier to play on a Schwyzerörgeli than on a piano or even a chromatic due to the chordal/arpeggio phrases that fall naturally on the buttons that are arranged thus.

The main disadvantage of the diatonic system is that playing in a wide range of keys is impractical. Attempts to overcome this limitation, for example by adding extra rows and more complicated bass systems, invariably add extra bulk and weight, thereby compromising an advantage in striving to overcome a disadvantage. Extreme examples are 18-bass three-row instruments of the type favoured by some French musicians, and B/C/C♯ accordions with 120-button Stradella basses: the size and weight of both these types can be greater than medium-sized piano or chromatic accordions.

Notable players

 * Basque: Kepa Junkera
 * Belgium: Wilfrid Moonen, Rik Boone, Louis Spagna, Toon Van Mierlo, Pascale Rubens
 * Brazil: Renato Borghetti, Gilberto Monteiro
 * Colombia: Israel Romero (Vallenato), Aniceto Molina (Cumbia), Alfredo Gutiérrez (Vallenato), Alejo Durán (Vallenato), Emiliano Zuleta (Vallenato), Colacho Mendoza (Vallenato), Lisandro Meza (Porro and Cumbia), Antonio Rivas (Vallenato).
 * Dominican Republic: Krency Garcia (Merengue Tipico) Tatico Henriquez (Merengue Tipico)
 * England: Hazel Askew, Andy Cutting, Tim Edey, John Kirkpatrick, Brian Peters, Saul Rose, John Spiers, Rod Stradling, John Tams, Tim van Eyken, Cohen Braithwaite-Kilcoyne, Martin Ellison,  Paul Young, Will Pound, Archie Churchill-Moss
 * Ireland: Joe Burke, Bobby Gardiner, Joe Cooley, Tony MacMahon, James Keane,  Joe Derrane, Jackie Daly, Máirtín O'Connor, Sharon Shannon,  Johnny O'Leary, Johnny Connolly
 * Italy: Denis Novato, Riccardo Tesi, Ambrogio_Sparagna, Massimiliano Morabito, Donatello Pisanello.
 * Mexico: Ramón Ayala (Norteño),
 * Netherlands: Frans Tromp
 * Newfoundland: Harry Hibbs, Minnie White, Frank Maher
 * Norway: Rannveig Djønne, Tom Willy Rustad
 * Scotland: Peter Wyper, Jimmy Shand, Will Starr, Fergie MacDonald
 * Slovenia: Lojze Slak
 * USA: John Kimmel, Joe Derrane, Huddie Ledbetter, Marc Savoy (Louisiana Cajun), J Boozoo Chavis (Louisiana "Zydeco"), Flaco Jimenez ("Conjunto") Mojo of Mojo & The Bayou Gypsies (Zydeco & Cajun)

Classical

 * Dances from a New England Album, 1856 for orchestra by William Bergsma includes parts for melodeon (movements I–III) and harmonium (movement IV).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Diatonic button accordion


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Talk:Annie Glenn

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 8 January 2019 and 30 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Glotay.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:23, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Proper sentence structure
If anyone feels that I have got the sentence structure wrong regarding the bullet points, please feel free to correct it. I'm referring in particular to the full stop after the last bullet point. Jdhowens90 17:44, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Overreliance on the Astronaut Wives Club
I'm a little concerned about the "Influence during the Space Race" section of this article. It relies almost exclusively on The Astronaut Wives Club as its source not just for facts, but also for (potentially controversial) overarching conclusions about what those facts said about contemporary society. Things like "during this time of national anxiety, Americans found security in their values of family, patriotism, and consumerism, all of which were embodied in Glenn," "during the 1950s, the desire to have a perfect family life was so ingrained in societal values it seemed to Americans a harmonious family life was necessary for national security," "there was a quiet but prevalent understanding that women needed to pursue a peaceful marriage as a way to support the United States during the Cold War," "Glenn was also an indirect propagator of the American value of consumption," and "as a result of Glenn and the other members of the Astronaut Wives Club, women across the U.S. were inspired to be brave and of course, to buy the same consumer goods Glenn and the other wives had in their homes" may all be true, but to simply state all of these things as fact because one author said so (even if she is the most notable author on this topic) seems like a classic case of Template:One source. -Elmer Clark (talk) 05:42, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, I will agree with that. Except for the introductory paragraph, the whole section "Influence during the Space Race" consists of references to the book The Astronaut Wives Club (book). I rephrased the section to more accurately attribute the content as Koppel's analysis of Glenn's role. Skepticalgiraffe (talk) 15:07, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Excellent solution, the section is much better now. -Elmer Clark (talk) 20:53, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Annie Glenn


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Engineering & Construction Services Division (City of Toronto)

The Engineering & Construction Services Division (formerly Technical Services Division) is a Division responsible for providing specialized engineering and construction services to the City of Toronto's internal Client Divisions including Toronto Water, Transportation Services, as well as Solid Waste Management Services. Furthermore, the Division also provides services to external clients such as the development industry, utility companies, and other public agencies.

The division is divided into three primary business units
 * Design & Construction - further divided into three operational sections:
 * Major Infrastructure
 * Linear Underground Infrastructure
 * Vertical Above-ground Infrastructure (including pumping stations, Wastewater, Filtration Plant buildings, etc.)
 * Transportation Infrastructure
 * Engineering Review
 * Engineering Support Services


text:
File:JohnnyCashAmericanRecordings.jpg

Fair use in American Recordings (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover (so it is not possible to replace it with a free image).
 * 2) It is the cover art for the subject of the article.
 * 3) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album in any way.
 * 4) Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.

This album cover picture, was taken near the town of Lara, south west of Melbourne, Australia.

title: File:JohnnyCashAmericanRecordings.jpg


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Burrard Bridge

The Burrard Street Bridge (sometimes referred to as the Burrard Bridge) is a four-lane, Art Deco style, steel truss bridge constructed in 1930–1932 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The high, five part bridge on four piers spans False Creek, connecting downtown Vancouver with Kitsilano via connections to Burrard Street (formerly Cedar Street south of False Creek) on both ends. It is one of three bridges crossing False Creek. The other two bridges are the Granville Bridge, three blocks or 0.5 km to the southeast, and the Cambie Street Bridge, about 11 blocks or 2 km to the east. In addition to the vehicle deck, the Burrard Bridge has 2.6 m wide sidewalks and a dedicated cycling lanes on both sides. The architect of the Burrard Street Bridge was George Lister Thornton Sharp, the engineer John R. Grant. The bridge's two close approach spans are Warren trusses placed below deck level, while its central span is a Pratt truss placed above deck level to allow greater clearance height for ships passing underneath. The central truss is hidden when crossing the bridge in either direction by vertical extensions of the bridge's masonry piers into imposing concrete towers, connected by overhead galleries, which are embellished with architectural and sculptural details that create a torch-like entrance of pylons. Busts of Captain George Vancouver and Sir Harry Burrard-Neale in ship prows jut from the bridge's superstructure (a V under Vancouver's bust, a B under Burrard's).

Unifying the long approaches and the distinctive central span are heavy concrete railings, originally topped with decorative street lamps. These pierced handrails were designed as a kind of visual shutter (stroboscopic effect), so that at a speed of 50 km/h motorists would see through them with an uninterrupted view of the harbour. The effect works at speeds from about 40 to 64 km/h.

History

The Burrard Street Bridge, opened July 1, 1932, was built to provide a high-level crossing from Vancouver to the southwestern neighbourhoods in Kitsilano, by connecting Burrard Street to Cedar Street. After completion, Burrard was extended through to the base of downtown and Cedar Street disappeared.

At the opening ceremony, entertainment was provided by two bands, the Kitsilano Boy's Band and the Fireman's Band. An RCAF seaplane flew under the bridge and later a sugar replica of the bridge was unveiled at the civic reception in the Hotel Vancouver.

G.L. Thornton Sharp, of Sharp and Thompson, was the architect responsible for the distinctive towers on the bridge and its middle galleries. "Both central piers," Sharp told a reporter, "were designed and connected with an overhead gallery across the road. This helped to mask the network of steel in the truss from the two approaches, and has been treated as an entrance gateway to the city." Along their other axis, the full height of the piers above the water also serve to frame a sea entrance gateway, notably for pleasure craft: "by sea and land we prosper". The piers have provision for a rapid transit vertical lift span beneath the highway deck, never installed.

Recognition
Burrard Street Bridge has been assessed by heritage consultants retained by the City of Vancouver as being in the top category of historic buildings in Vancouver. The bridge appeared on a stamp issued by Canada Post in 2011, in a series showcasing five notable Art Deco structures in Canada.

Proposed bicycle lanes or widening
When constructed, the Burrard Street Bridge did not have dedicated lanes for cyclists, who shared the bridge's six vehicle lanes with motorists. Later, as traffic volume grew and speed limits were increased on the bridge to 60 km/h, cyclists were directed to share the bridge's sidewalks with pedestrians. Over time, the volume of pedestrians and cyclists on the 2.6 m sidewalks created a dangerous situation, with several accidents occurring, which resulted in at least one successful lawsuit against the city.

Since the mid-1990s, the city of Vancouver has investigated various options to rectify the situation. The two most prominent options were 1) to introduce bicycle lanes on the bridge's vehicle deck by reallocating one or more vehicle lanes, and 2) to build horizontal extensions on the outside of the bridge to create additional sidewalk space. Other options have included building an entirely new pedestrian and/or cyclist only bridge, and building another deck on the bridge below the existing deck.

Heritage advocates have been strongly opposed to the construction of outside sidewalk extensions, which would likely alter significantly the historical character of the bridge. Fiscal conservatives have also been opposed to high costs associated with this option.

Many motorists and others opposed reallocation of vehicle lanes to bicycle lanes, believing that the reduction in vehicle carrying capacity would create excessive traffic problems both on the bridge and on and around alternate crossings, such as the Granville Street Bridge, but this has not occurred. As of 2023, the bike lanes are some of the busiest in North America.

Timeline
Beginning March 26, 1996, in a six-month trial by the City, one commuter lane was closed to automobile traffic and made into a temporary cycling lane. However, after one week, the City was forced to revert the lane to its original purpose, due to outrage by some motorists.

On May 31, 2005, a detailed engineering and planning report was presented to Council, reviewing the situation broadly, presenting alternatives, and offering recommendations. (Its computer visualizations of various proposals [esp. pp. 8–12—notably p. 8—and Appendix E] are indispensable illustrations to the discussion. See )

That day Vancouver City Council voted 10–1 not to follow the recommendations of the report, but to reallocate the two curb-side lanes to cyclists for another trial, as part of Council's plan to increase cycling in Vancouver by 10 percent for the 2010 Winter Olympics.

The issue was carried into the municipal election of November 19, 2005.

On December 20, 2005, the newly elected Council voted 6-4 to cancel the lane reallocation trial and to proceed directly to widening the bridge sidewalks as promised in that election.

In 2006, the City considered removing the concrete railings and widening the bridge deck by outward ('outrigger') sidewalks, at projected cost of over $40 million. (See p. 8 of ) To preserve the bridge's heritage value, such cantilevered structures would not include the bridge's central piers, or towers. Critics of this plan argued that the resulting "pinch points" would defeat the purpose of widening the bridge by creating bottlenecks, through which a greater number of cyclists, skaters and pedestrians must pass over coming decades.

For the third consecutive year, in 2008 Heritage Vancouver listed the Burrard Bridge first on its Top Ten endangered sites in Vancouver. It had ranked fourth in 2005.

Sidewalk expansion was delayed by the Squamish First Nation, which controls the land directly under the south (or west) side of the bridge. For construction to begin, the city would require permission from this group, which has expressed concern that machinery working on the site may affect their land.

The Squamish First Nation erected advertising billboards on their properties, located at that bridge approach, and is proposing the same for similar properties by the Lions' Gate Bridge and the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing.

In a late April 2008 report to Council, city engineers raised the estimated cost of widening to $57 million, due to reconsideration of the additional weight to the existing bridge structure and rising construction costs. $61 million was set as a more likely figure.

In Nov. 2008 the current Council, which advocated widening the bridge, was defeated and replaced by a new mayor and Council opposed to the widening but supportive of lane reallocation from vehicles to cyclists. In late January 2009, in an economic downturn and anticipating the 2010 Winter Olympics, the City announced plans for trials of three kinds of auto traffic lane closings, allowing bicycle use of the road surface. This would be supplemented by safety upgrades.

In March 2009, the City of Vancouver delayed discussing the Burrard Bridge Bike Lane Trial at least one month. Council rescheduled the meeting to May 5, 2009, to discuss the three kinds of possible trials, to begin summer 2009, where one approved.

On May 7, 2009, Council approved a motion to proceed with option 3 of the proposed trials, to begin in June 2009. The proposed trial began on July 13. It saw the southbound motor-vehicle curb lane and the northbound-side sidewalk allocated to bicycles, with the southbound-side sidewalk allocated to pedestrians. The reassigned lane was separated from motor vehicles by a physical barrier. As part of the trial, traffic pattern changes to accommodate feeder bicycle traffic were also completed on Pacific St., next to the North bridgehead, over complaints from local merchants that cited lack of consultation and possible negative impacts on their businesses. Three days into the trial, a local merchant reported a 46% drop in sales compared to the same days the year before. Six weeks into the trial another local merchant reported a 25% drop in sales, and a local restaurant reported a 30% drop in sales.

Regarding effects on three kinds of traffic: two weeks into the trial, the City of Vancouver released a data report showing daily bicycle travel across the bridge had increased by an average of 30%. The same report indicated little change in pedestrian trips, a slight drop in motor vehicle trips, but no change in motor vehicle travel times between 12th Avenue and Georgia Street along Burrard via the bridge.

In July 2009 a website allowing people to register opposition to the bike lane trial was set up by local realtor and former NPA parks candidate Keith Roy at www.unblockthebridge.ca.

(On August 24, 2009, the Vancouver Police Department announced a sharp increase in bicycle theft, with the first three weeks of August experiencing a 53 percent increase over 2008, however, VPD spokesperson Constable Jana McGuinness denied a link between the rise in theft and the lane reallocation trial. )

By 2019, the bike lane on the Burrard Bridge had become the busiest bike lane in North America. The Downtown Business Improvement Association, which had originally opposed the conversion of vehicle lanes into bike lanes, stated that it endorsed cycling infrastructure because many employees and customers bike to downtown businesses.

Electronic billboard
In December 2009 the Squamish First Nation erected an electronic billboard on their land adjacent to the south end of the bridge on the west side. It is visible to traffic travelling in both directions on the bridge and each screen (one for each direction) measures 9 metres wide x 3 metres tall. The advertisements will cycle every ten seconds. There has been controversy and protest from neighbouring residents who claim the billboard is unsightly, blocks view corridors of the mountains and even that it is a dangerous distraction to drivers. There are at least five other similar billboards going up near the Lions Gate Bridge and Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing as well as near the Stawamus Chief on Highway 99. The billboards were approved by the federal government. Local and regional governments have acknowledged they have no control over what is done on native reserve lands. The Squamish Nation has said that the purpose of the billboards is primarily to make money.

PCB contamination
There continues to be a significant problem with PCB contaminants at the bridge; in 2012 Vancouver City Council allocated $14 million in funding over two years to the removal of PCB contaminants from the Burrard and Granville bridges.

title: Burrard Bridge


text:
Cambridge, New Hampshire

Cambridge is a township in Coös County in the state of New Hampshire. The population was 16 at the 2020 census, up from 8 at the 2010 census.

In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited). Cambridge is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

History
It was granted in 1793 to Nathaniel Rogers and others and contained about 23160 acre.

Geography
Most of the township is forested wilderness, but it contains the southernmost edge of Umbagog Lake, accessed via New Hampshire Route 26 from Errol or from Upton, Maine. The lake's outlet, 6 mi to the north in Errol, is the source of the Androscoggin River, which flows southward through the northwestern part of Cambridge. A portion of the 13-Mile Woods Scenic Area follows the Androscoggin through the township, as does New Hampshire Route 16, which leads north to Errol and south to Berlin.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 133.9 sqkm, of which 132.1 sqkm are land and 1.9 sqkm, or 1.41%, are water. The entire township is part of the Androscoggin River watershed, with its three main tributaries in the township being, from north to south, Mollidgewock Brook, Bog Brook, and Chickwolnepy Stream (along with its own tributary, Blackstrap Brook). The highest point in the township is the summit of Cambridge Black Mountain, at 2780 ft above sea level. The township is bordered to the east by Oxford County, Maine.

Adjacent municipalities

 * Errol (north)
 * Upton, Maine (east)
 * North Oxford, Maine (east)
 * Success (southeast)
 * Milan (south)
 * Dummer (west)

Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 10 people, 5 households, and 3 families living in the township. The population density was 0.2 PD/sqmi. There were 39 housing units at an average density of 0.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 5 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 40.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the township, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 40.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every female of any age, there was one male.

title: Cambridge, New Hampshire


text:
Pablo Cuéllar

Pablo Cuéllar (born 1952) is a former Panamanian chess player. He won the Panamanian Chess Championship in 1979. He participated in the 21st Chess Olympiad, where he scored (+5,=6,-9).

title: Pablo Cuéllar


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Nairn

The Lord Lieutenant of Nairn, is the British monarch's personal representative in an area which has been defined since 1975 as consisting of the local government district of Nairn, in Scotland, and this definition was renewed by the Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996. Previously, the area of the lieutenancy was the county of Nairn, which was abolished as a local government area by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The district was created, under the 1973 act, with the boundaries of the county, as a district of the two-tier Highland region and abolished as a local government area under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1994, which turned the Highland region into a unitary council area.

List of Lord Lieutenants of Nairn

 * Hugh Rose, 15th of Kilravock, 1729– 23 January 1732
 * James Brodie, 21st of Brodie 17 March 1794 – 17 January 1824
 * William Brodie, 22nd of Brodie 9 February 1824 – 6 June 1873
 * James Campbell John Brodie, 12th of Lethen 25 June 1873 – 25 February 1880
 * Hugh Fife Ashley Brodie, 23rd of Brodie 25 March 1880 – 20 September 1889
 * James Rose, 23rd of Kilravock 22 November 1889 – 16 November 1903
 * Ian Ashley Morton Brodie, 24th of Brodie 6 November 1903 – 1935
 * Archibald Leslie-Melville, 13th Earl of Leven 8 July 1935 – 15 January 1947
 * John Grahame Buchanan Allardyce 16 April 1947 – 21 September 1949
 * Hon. Ian Malcolm Campbell 5 December 1949 – 1958
 * James Erskine Stirling 4 December 1958 – 20 December 1968
 * Alexander Leslie-Melville, 14th Earl of Leven 22 July 1969 – 1999
 * Ewen John Brodie CVO, 16th of Lethen 9 November 1999 – 16 December 2017
 * George Russell Asher 19 January 2018 – present

title: Lord Lieutenant of Nairn


text: User talk:68.41.121.10

title: User talk:68.41.121.10


text: Category:Kings of Axum

title: Category:Kings of Axum


text:
Homogamy

Homogamy may refer to:

 * Homogamy (biology), a term used in biology in 4 separate senses
 * Homogamy (sociology), marriage between individuals who are, in some culturally important way, similar to each other

title: Homogamy


text:
1971 in archaeology

The year 1971 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

 * The Historic American Engineering Record surveys the original main line of the New York and Erie Rail Road; the Cooper Union foundation building in Manhattan; and sites in Utah and Pennsylvania.

Excavations

 * The Chaco Project, conducted by the National Park Service and the University of New Mexico, surveys and excavates Chaco Canyon (until 1982)
 * The excavations at Buccino: Two Universities (Wesleyan & Tufts) conducted an excavation and survey program around the town of Buccino to determine the settlement patterns during the Roman period. During the 1971 season three sites were excavated. They ran a series of experiments using the Barringer proton magnetometer which is designed to test the feasibility of its use in the Buccino area. They excavated three sites: the Villa at Vagni, Villa at Pareti, and the Villa at San Nicola. The site at Vagni lies on an artificial terraced platform overlooking the Cosenza-Potenza road and the Platona-Tanagro valley. Within the Villa of Vagni they found pottery which included black gaze. From Vagni it was found that the countryside around Buccino was used till the last years of the fourth century. The Villa at Pareti showed much pottery from the Lucanian which may have suggested that it was Lucanian as well. There was a major problem at the Villa at Pareti which was to features with the polygonal platform walls. The Villa at San Nicola is located below the town of Buccino and across the river from the other two sites.
 * Scientific excavations at Anshan in Iran begin.

Publications

 * Leakey, M.D., 1971: Olduvai Gorge Volume 3, Excavations in Beds I & II 1960-1963, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Finds

 * May 5 - Hull of Tudor navy ship Mary Rose (capsized 1545) rediscovered in the Solent
 * July - Guns and other artefacts from HMY Mary (wrecked 1675) discovered independently by members of Chorley and Merseyside Sub-Aqua Clubs
 * July 22 - The Lady of Baza Iberian sculpture (4th century BC)
 * Remains of Marsala Ship (sank c. 241 BC off Sicily) exposed
 * Remains of HMS Culloden (1776) discovered off Montauk, New York
 * Tomb of King Muryeong (d. 523), ruler of Baekje in the Three Kingdoms of Korea
 * Tomb of Xin Zhui (d. 163 BC) at Mawangdui in Changsha, China

Miscellaneous

 * October - Society for Industrial Archeology founded in Washington, D.C.

Deaths

 * August 22 - Birger Nerman, Swedish archaeologist (b. 1888)
 * August 24 - Carl Blegen, American Classical archaeologist (b. 1887)

title: 1971 in archaeology


text:
User talk:Chairman Dave

Please leave messages for me here. I'll check back regularly to pick them up. Chairman Dave.

Your edit to Mr. Men on a Maoist interpretation of the series was reverted because it contravenes our polices on writing objective and verifiable encyclopedia articles. See NPOV and Original research. If it was to be taken seriously at all, it appeared to be simply your own personal essay, written from your personal perspective and beliefs. Now if there is actually a substantial, published body of Maoist literary interpretation of Mr. Men, then that would be worthy of note in the article, but not if it was your individual decision to apply that interpretive framework. Thanks. Postdlf 18:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chairman Dave


text:
User talk:Ilyanep/Talk Archive 6

-

Welcome back!
Good to see you're back. RickK 05:02, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

Yo yo
I have noticed you to thak you were much. Thanks for blocking and revert of my userpage Gkhan 02:31, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Definately no problem :)  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  02:33, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi again, the same guy (with a different IP, User:69.250.136.245) is vandalising my user-page. Could you please block him again. Gkhan 21:37, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome back
You're back! Welcome. That user who keeps attacking the Kerry article is the banned user Rex071404—see Requests for arbitration/Rex071404. Neutralitytalk 02:52, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, okay, makes sense. And thanks for the welcome :)  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  02:57, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, welcome. You discovered the thing called "Real Life' and returned to us. How delightful. ;) Neutralitytalk 03:04, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * It wasn't quite what everyone made it out to be :( lol  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  03:05, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

RfA thanks
Thank you for the vote at Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Henrygb2. It has made my week. --Henrygb 01:58, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem. If I can make admin, then you definately deserve it!  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  23:26, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Your newcomer welcome box
I really don't mean to be critical, but it seems a bit overwhelming. Perhaps it's overkill? – ClockworkSoul 03:53, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose I could get rid of the open task thing...  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  04:02, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah it's kind of cool in a way but it is overwhelming. Just make it a bit smaller and replace the open tasks with a link to the community portal and it should be a lot better, in my opinion.  Sholtar 04:04, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's actually what I did, how funny :)  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  04:05, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * That sounds about right to me. Less is more, really: we don't want to overwhelm any newcomers, after all! :) – ClockworkSoul 04:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yep, I guess :) It's Edited  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  04:06, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks great now. :) Sholtar 04:08, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed - much nicer! – ClockworkSoul 04:25, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Yay! :)  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  04:26, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think you should delete the line because they are no longer changing attribution. JeffAMcGee 05:45, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

 * Yes, I was actually thinking about that... I suppose I should ("If you made any edits before you got an account, tough tacoes")   —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  13:26, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Heh - Personally, I'm hoping that the developers provide an admin tool to do that... I've had a request pending fro November 2004 to about 2000 edits from an old name attributed to this account. – ClockworkSoul 14:22, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I suppose someone should write them about that, but I'll remove the line for the time being...  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  14:23, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re:Welcome message
Hi Ilyanep - sorry about the editing of your welcome message - it was an accident (I was trying to edit below it on a new user's page). As soon as I realised what had happened I went back to change it, but got an edit conflict - you had beaten me to the revert by a few seconds. My apologies! Grutness|hello? 23:07, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay...I had suspected it so, I just kind of got worked up about it...:(  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  23:24, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

That certain Austrian town...
LOL! Thanks for the tip! I've heard of that place and the residents love the notoriety! Oh, and welcome back!!!! Missed ya! - Lucky 6.9 04:18, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks and yeah, I laughed out loud when I heard about the sign :)  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  14:23, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC)

iBienvenido!
Bienvenido aqui!! Bienvenido No soy nativo de castellano tambien pero vamos a ver que podemos hacer. Gracias por haber me ayudo por el gmail en el wikipedia ingles.--Jondel 12:24 10 abr, 2005 (CEST)
 * De nada...Yo voy a poner eso discusión en mi pagina de inglés.  —  Ilγαηερ  (Tαlκ)  16:53 10 abr, 2005 (CEST)

Pasted from This page...

Star Factory
Hi there! If you need more information on the show, there is plenty on their official website (I added the link). To me, the show did not appeal so much as to go into trouble and expand the article beyond basics; I'd much rather work on something else. If you have any difficulties, however, I can help you out in the process every now and then, as long as it does not involve translating their official website verbatim :) Just ask.  Take care!—Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 16:57, Apr 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I can read russian, so the website won't be a problem (the problem was finding it ;) Thanks for that. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 21:53, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ye-ye-ye vs. yo-yo-yo
There is definitely no such policy in English Wikipedia, due to the fact that not enough people care. Russian Wikipedia, however, mandates using "ё" at all times. This is for a good reason, too. While Russian orthographic rules require using "ё" only when there is a good possibility of confusion, that rule is all too often ignored, creating mass confusion at times. It is not a big deal with common words ("звезд" vs. "звёзд" being one of them), but when "ё" is omitted in names or uncommon words, it is pretty bad. I would recommend using "ё" in English Wikipedia mainly because it targets people who, while perhaps being able to read Russian, would not know when "е" really means "ё". Consistency plays an important role, too. There really are no good reasons these days to omit "ё"—it's a letter of the alphabet just as any other letter.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 00:01, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)

English Literature
Hi, I was editing the English literature page when i noticed someone was trying to do the same. To avoid erasing his/her work maybe I can return on the page later tonight? Sorry for the inconvenience. Have a good day ;-) --Wikipedius 14:35, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Contrib graph
I have posted an update. Sorry I took so long to respond, I felt rather uninspired about being here. Hope you are well. Very Verily 15:32, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

substub
According to the stub masterlist page substub got axed after they came up with all the stub-categories. Thanx 68.39.174.150 04:15, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh...thanks a lot for that. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 04:15, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User:Squash/Templates

 * Reguarding User:Squash/Templates. Hi Ilyanep. Someone took our ideas from that page and created the coloured template box (for VFD, speedy etc) that we use now. Before I proposed this idea, all we had was just text in italics that said "Page for speedy deletion" or whatever, but after I proposed this idea, someone used our ideas for bordered, coloured boxes and the end result are the current templates that we have now - without the images. So in conclusion, the proposal did work (in a way) - except without the images. Sorry, if I sound confusing :) Squash 05:23, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps someone should do something for the generic stub message? — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 14:36, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed, someone shoud... Squash 07:52, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Holidays
I don't think I can contribute much these days. I'm a little busy with a few articles. I'll add a few Indian festivals when I get the time. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  09:22, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, thanks. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 14:35, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Bureaucracy
Your help is needed : TCOL is changing his name to Mike Halterman. Can you sysop Mike H, and desysop and block TCOL? Thanks. Stewards are discouraged from doing bureaucrat-like things on their native wikis, else I would just do it myself. +sj + 05:12, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Page Protection
I appreciate you protecting the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_warez_groups page, however you've protected a vandalized version. That page is a reference in a paper I'm currently writing on online underground culture/communities, and atm it has flames between warez groups such as "so and so is a drug dealer." Multiple users complained only to have user Ted Bunndy revert the page numerous times under the guise of "m" updates (he updated his flames is all). This reflects very poorly on Wiki as bias/POV is clearly not allowed under Wiki rules. Plus, this page is referenced in several mainstream news items. I would suggest reverting it to http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_warez_groups&oldid=15811218 (my own edit) or http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_warez_groups&oldid=15722817 (another user's revision) or http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_warez_groups&oldid=15666569 (much earlier revision). Current page has flames, bias, etc.
 * Whoops, sorry. Reverted it to your first reccomendation. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 03:52, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Do you have bad habits?
From the earlier post, it appears that you have a bad habit of taking sides in a content disputes when you "protect" pages. There is no need for protection on Fox News as you appear to be planning with one of the participants who refuses to provide sources for some of his edits. The content disputes there are mild by wikipedia standards, and there is no evidence that they can't be resolved with proper citing of sources.--Silverback 06:25, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Please read this. I was pointed to this excellant page. Apparently you are planning to select a "right version" before protecting on Fox news.--Silverback 14:44, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * When have I ever taken sides before? This is the first time I have even taken up a page as such a major project. I posted notices in 3 different places. Fine, you've convinced me, I won't protect the page, but please watch what you're talking about. —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 14:55, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Apologies, I thought the "Page Protection" discussion above might have been a legit content dispute. If it really was vandalism, then my assumption was wrong.--Silverback 15:05, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * No worries, prehaps you'd like to come over and help us? — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 15:06, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, the consensus was to protect. Sorry. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 05:25, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd love to have Silverback on the Talk page, for once. Indeed, come over. Shem(talk) 05:08, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Check the archives and the edit summaries. You should try complying with NOR.--Silverback June 28, 2005 04:48 (UTC)
 * You should cease the active misrepresentation. Ilyanep, I'll leave your talk page be, now. Shem(talk) 28 June 2005 06:30 (UTC)

Everything alright?
I just noticed you raised your wikistress status through the roof. I know our paths don't cross frequently but I just wanted to see if there is anythign I can do. Perhaps a wikiholiday might help? -JCarriker June 29, 2005 02:39 (UTC)
 * It's nothing I think you can fix (no offense). I'm going to lower it to 3, but I'm still pretty stressed about what's going on in one of the articles I'm working on. Thanks for your concern. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 29 June 2005 14:47 (UTC)

GameFAQs vandalism
Good job keeping an eye on GameFAQs and blocking that 68.47.224.80 person. What the hell is that guy's problem, anyway? NickBush24 July 1, 2005 23:41 (UTC)
 * I dunno what his problem is, but I really am not watching the article. There's a channel on the freenode IRC network that Cool_Cat started where he has a bot running that shows possible vandalism. Thanks anyways :) — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 2 July 2005 01:05 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome
Hi! - as a total newbie the welcome letter was very helpful as well as making me feel more at home. It will be a handy reference, as I'm sure I'll have plenty of questions ;) Snazz 5 July 2005 01:31 (UTC)
 * No problem! Feel free to ask me any questions that come up. Hope you have fun editing :) — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 5 July 2005 01:36 (UTC)

New user category
I have created a couple of new user categories modeled after UK Wikipedians. One of them is for our generation, born in the 1980s or 1990s. Please consider listing yourself under Category:Millennial Wikipedians Thanks. -JCarriker 18:41, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Depressed?
Dont let a bunch of twats upset you. How can I cheer you up? I know - come vandalise my user page. (There's nothing like being naughty to lift the mood). Anyone says anything. Tell 'em you have my permission. Only one rule - it has to be funny! Come make me laugh! Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 01:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's alright (Unless I think of something >:). I think just reading that cheered me up. Thanks. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 01:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Fox News
Could you do me a favor and comment on my comments at Talk:FOX News? I'd really like to get the ball rolling on that and get the article out of protection ASAP. I'd like to take objections to the current version on a point-by-point basis and focus on actionables - either bang out a compromise revised version for each disputed paragraph or else get it established that there is consensus against changing the current version of the paragraph. In order to do that, it would help to have at least one halfway sane pro-Foxer helping to achieve consensus (and also to make sure us anti-Foxers really aren't going too far), and you seem like the best choice to do that. For what it's worth, Silverback hasn't contributed since June 30th. No way of knowing if that will continue, but at least things are a bit more bearable for now. crazyeddie 04:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

thanks
Hiya

I am not much more on en.wikipedia very much... as there are too many projects and things to do around :-) I regret that... Anthere

Catch 22: Protected and on VfD
Is List of warez groups still protected from editing? I wanted to make some edits regarding the recent raid, Operation Site Down, which was conducted by the United States Department of Justice. Unfortunately, the edit button is missing AND the article is listed on VfD. Also, the protected tag is missing; it was removed somehow after being posted to VfD. All of this seems to be a conflict of interest — could you please correct this oversight? —RaD Man (talk) 17:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't exactly understand how it's a conflict of interest? — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 21:30, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you serious? An article is up for deletion and it cannot be improved (edited).   —RaD Man (talk) 01:53, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Umm...the only editing that would end up being done is a whole bunch of script kiddies coming in and vandalizing the page. I hope you noticed that the template was vprotected not just protected. Personally, I feel that it's better as it is than leaving it open. I dunno, if you think so and so do some other people, I may unprotect it (unfortunately the current consensus looks like a delete). — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 02:52, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Hello. Thanks for helping me out with getting my wikipedia account. Yes I do go to IMSA, it's a wonderful school. I don't value my own writing very much, but I felt that the IMSA page was a little bare.

www.magicmuffin.com

That's my website, you can IM me at Psycam (AIM).

Until then. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Psycam (talk • contribs) 22:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem! — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 01:28, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

FOX News page protection
Hi, this article has been blocked for close to a month. I understand the original need for the protection, due to constant revert warring. The editors should reach a consensus on the talk page, and make approprtiate edits based on the their consensus. Since it has been a month, removing protection, and letting them make their own edits seems like a more practical and fair decision. As it is, I have no interest in the page, just need to change the category to Category:United States television networks. However, I personally do not feel a page should be protected for that long. IMHO Thank you. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 23:32, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Trumpet and Guitar
Trumpet and guitar are pretty fun instruments to learn. I play both and there just all around fun to fool around with and play music. Good luck learning. Jobe6 02:56, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I also play Tenor Sax. It's fun to fool around w/ music theory when you learn guitar. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 03:34, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Tenor Sax, is that easy to learn? I dont think i have enough money to get one though :( Jobe6 04:09, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Lol...I'd start on the alto sax. It may be harder switching from a brass instrument to a woodwind than going from scratch as I had done. Basically it's getting used to the buttons, and the mouthpiece [ugh...the troubles I had with getting used to trumpet mouthpieces.] Otherwise it's probably as easy to learn as any other basic wind instrument (basic in my mind as opposed to doube-reeded instruments or absolutely weird/exotic instruments). — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 04:15, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

stijfburgerlijkheid
I had exactly the same reaction: I don't speak Dutch (though I do know that Afrikaans apartheid means 'separateness'), but it looks like it could be glossed as 'stiff-burgher-like-ness', or 'rigid bourgeois mentality' as it's translated in the article. And of course, Google showed up a lot of hits (mostly on actual Dutch websites, and regarding Balkenende). Glad you got a laugh too! -- Perey 07:15, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Quote
Apparantly phroziac found this funny (so did I), as there's a quote of mine here. Awesome! — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 15:35, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Commons
You need to save the image to your own computer, and then go to Commons:Special:Upload and upload it there. Make sure you copy the licensing information from de:Bild:Oomph dero.jpg. Angela. 00:43, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not an admin on de, so I can't delete it. I could, in theory, make myself an admin there, but since I don't know what their deletion policies are, I shan't. I've added the NowCommons template to it though, so it can go through whatever procedure they have there. Angela. 02:09, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Merging schools is for deletionists
Once again I see the fallacy put forward that a school article should be merged rather than deleted to satisfy inclusionists. If we want that, why do you think there is a majority for keep every time, when almost everyone knows that merge is an option? It is deletionists who vote merge now because the more experienced of them know they can't get school articles deleted any more. The school merging thing was started by a hardline deletionist. So please don't use this false line of argument again. Thank you. CalJW 10:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for voting in my RfA; I promise I'll wield my sacred mop with care. If you ever need me for anything, you know where to find me. Thanks again! -- Essjay ·  Talk 15:33, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem. You deserved it. Congratulations! — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 16:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Who's RFA
Thank you for your vote of support on my RFA. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:24, 21 July 2005 (UTC) -

title: User talk:Ilyanep/Talk Archive 6


text:
Cercle Proudhon

Cercle Proudhon (French for Proudhon Circle) was a national syndicalist political group in France. The group was inspired by Georges Sorel, Charles Maurras and a selective reading of anarchist theorist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.

History
Founded on December 16, 1911, by national syndicalist disciples of Georges Sorel, Georges Valois and Édouard Berth, the group was described as "founded by nationalists, and initially addressed only to them". The organisation began as informal meetings consisting of about twenty people on average, mainly monarchists and syndicalists who were associated with the right-wing monarchist group Action Française. The main speakers at these meetings were Valois, Berth, monarchist militant Henri Lagrange and nationalist philosopher Gilbert Mayor. French historian Géraud Poumarède describes the Circle's ambition as to "convert trade unionists to the monarchy".

Despite the group's close association to Sorel he was initially hostile to the group stating that he feared the Circle would make "young people less able to understand Proudhon". Charles Maurras was also wary of the group describing them in his book, L’Action française et la religion catholique (1913): "The French who met to found the Circle Proudhon are all nationalists. The boss they chose for their assembly made them meet other French, who are not nationalists, who are not royalists, and who join them to participate in the life of the Circle and the writing of Cahiers. The initial group includes men of different origins, different conditions, who have no political aspirations in common, and who will freely expose their views in the Cahiers."

The Circle published a bulletin entitled Cahiers du Cercle Proudhon, and operated a bookstore owned by Valois named the La Nouvelle Librairie which is still open to this day.

Ideology
The first issue of Cahiers du cercle Proudhon appeared in January – February 1912 and included a Déclaration: "The founders – republicans, federalists, integral nationalists, and syndicalists – having resolved the political problem or dismissed it from their minds, are all enthusiastically in favour of an organisation of French society in accordance with principles taken from the French tradition which they find in Proudhon's works and in the contemporary syndicalist movement, and they are all completely in agreement on the following points:" "Democracy is the greatest error of the past century. If one wishes to live, if one wishes to work, if one wishes in social life to possess the greatest human guarantees for production and culture, if one wishes to preserve and increase the moral, intellectual and material capital of civilisation, it is absolutely necessary to destroy all democratic institutions."

Berth and Valois had been brought together by Georges Sorel when he was planning a Nationalist and socialist-leaning journal La Cité française in 1910. This journal never appeared, except as heralded in a flyer entitled Déclaration de la Cité francaise signed by Sorel, Valois, Berth, Jean Variot, and Pierre Gilbert. However Variot quarrelled with Valois and went on to publish material with Sorel's support in L'Indépendence.

A controversial but influential book by Zeev Sternhell, Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France, points to the Cercle Proudhon as a pre-existing laboratory for fascist ideas that would provide a bulwark for Nazi collaboration in Vichy.

"In place of the bourgeois ideology and as an alternative to democratic socialism, the Cercle Proudhon propounded a new ethic suited to the alliance of nationalism and syndicalism, those 'two synthesizing and convergent movements, one at the extreme right and the other at the extreme left, that have begun the siege and assault on democracy.' Their solution was thus intended as a complete replacement of the liberal order. They wished to create a new world — virile, heroic, pessimistic, and puritanical — based on the sense of duty and sacrifice: a world where a morality of warriors and monks would prevail. They wanted a society dominated by a powerful avant-garde, a proletarian elite, an aristocracy of producers, joined in alliance against the decadent bourgeoisie with an intellectual youth avid for action. When the time came, it would not be difficult for a synthesis of this kind to take on the name of fascism."

Critique
Many anarchists rejected the Cercle Proudhon interpretation of Proudhon's works. In the October 1st, 1913 issue of The New Freewoman, American Individualist Anarchist Benjamin Tucker argued that Cercle Proudhon purposely misrepresented Proudhon's views: "Democracy is an easy mark for this new party, and it finds its chief delight in pounding the philosopher of democracy, Rousseau. Now, nobody ever pounded Rousseau as effectively as Proudhon did, and in that fact the Cercle Proudhon finds its excuse. But it is not to be inferred that, because Proudhon destroyed Rousseau's theory of the social contract, he did not believe in the advisability of a social contract, or would uphold a monarchy in exacting an oath of allegiance."

Partial bibliography
Partial bibliography of Cahiers du Cercle Proudhon
 * DARVILLE Jean. PROUDHON. in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°1, janvier-février 1912
 * DARVILLE Jean/MAYREL Maurice. Analyses et critiques.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * DARVILLE Jean. Satellites de la ploutocratie.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°5-6, fin 1912
 * GALLAND Pierre.PROUDHON et l'Ordre.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°1, janvier-février 1912
 * LAGRANGE Henri.PROUDHON et l'Ordre européen.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°2, mars-avril 1912.
 * LAGRANGE Henri.L’œuvre de SOREL et le Cercle PROUDHON. Précisions et prévisions.-in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3/4, mai-août 1912.
 * LES VIII.Les démocrates et PROUDHON.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°1, janvier-février 1912.
 * MAIRE Gilbert. La philosophie de Georges SOREL.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°2, mars-avril 1912.
 * MARAND René. Grandes rectifications soreliennes.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * MAYREL Maurice/ DARVILLE Jean. Analyses et critiques.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges. Pourquoi nous rattachons nos travaux à l'esprit proudhonien.-in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°1, janvier-février 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges. Notre première année. Murmures et rumeurs dans la presse et dans le monde sur le cercle PROUDHON.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges.SOREL et l'architecture sociale.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges.L’Action Française, l'expérience POINCARÉ et le syndicalisme.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°5-6, fin 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges. La bourgeoisie capitaliste.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°5-6, fin 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges. La direction de l'œuvre proudhonienne et le cas HALÉVY.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°5-6, fin 1912.
 * VALOIS Georges. Notre deuxième année. Transformation des Cahiers.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°5-6, fin 1912.
 * VINCENT Albert. Le bilan de la démocratie.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°2, mars-avril 1912.
 * VINCENT Albert. La famille chez PROUDHON et dans la démocratie.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°3-4, mai-août 1912.
 * MAURRAS Charles.À Besançon.–in-Cahiers du Cercle PROUDHON, n°1, janvier-février 1912.

title: Cercle Proudhon


text: User talk:69.204.63.192

title: User talk:69.204.63.192


text:
Anchor Bay

Anchor Bay may refer to:

 * Anchor Bay, California
 * Anchor Bay, Michigan
 * Anchor Bay Entertainment, a home video company
 * Anchor Bay High School, a school in Fair Haven, Michigan
 * The location of Popeye Village, in Malta

title: Anchor Bay


text:
Flavius Dalmatius

 * ''This article deals with the censor. For the Caesar (335-337) Flavius Dalmatius, son of the censor, see Dalmatius.

Flavius Dalmatius (died 337), also known as Dalmatius the Censor, was a censor (333), and a member of the Constantinian dynasty, which ruled over the Roman Empire at the beginning of the 4th century.

Dalmatius was the son of Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maximiana Theodora, and thus half-brother of the Emperor Constantine I.

Dalmatius spent his youth in the Gallic Tolosa. It is probable that his two sons, Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, were born here. During the mid-320s, Flavius Dalmatius returned to Constantinople, to the court of his half-brother, and was appointed consul and censor in 333.

In Antioch, Flavius was responsible for the security of the eastern borders of the realm. During this period, he examined the case of bishop Athanasius of Alexandria, an important opponent of Arianism, who was accused of murder. In 334, Flavius suppressed the revolt of Calocaerus, who had proclaimed himself emperor in Cyprus. In the following year he sent some soldiers to the council of Tyros to save the life of Athanasius.

His two sons were appointed to important offices under Constantine's administration, but Flavius Dalmatius and his sons were killed in the purges that followed the Emperor's death in May 337.

title: Flavius Dalmatius


text:
American Recordings (album)

American Recordings is the 81st album by American country singer Johnny Cash. It was released on April 26, 1994 by American Recordings, after it had changed its name from Def American.

The album marked the beginning of a career resurgence for Cash, who was widely recognized as an icon of American music but whose record sales had suffered during the late 1970s and 1980s.

Background
Cash was approached by producer Rick Rubin and offered a contract with Rubin's American Recordings label, better known for rap and heavy metal than for country music. Rubin had seen Cash perform at Bob Dylan's 30th anniversary concert in late 1992, and felt Cash was still a vital artist who had been unfairly written off by the music industry. Suffering from health problems and recovering from a relapse of his drug addiction, Cash was initially skeptical. The two men soon bonded, however, particularly when Rubin promised Cash a high level of creative control. Rubin told the singer: "I would like you to do whatever feels right for you", and Cash decided to record the first solo album of his career without any accompanying musicians. "Sitting and talking and playing music… that was when we got to build up a friendship," Rubin recalled. "My fondest memories are just of hanging out and hearing his stories. He didn't speak much but, if you drew him out, he seemed to know everything. He was shy and quiet but a wise, wise man."

Recording and production
Under Rubin's supervision, Cash recorded most of the album in his own Tennessee cabin or Rubin's home in Los Angeles, accompanied only by his guitar. This was a return to Cash's earliest recording style. His first producer, Sam Phillips, had determined in the 1950s that Cash's voice was best suited to a stripped-down style and a three or four-piece ensemble. These groups were called the Tennessee Two or Tennessee Three, depending on their personnel: Cash on vocals and guitar, backed with another guitarist and upright bass, and sometimes drums. Subsequent producers deviated from this style with more ornate backing; Cash disagreed with Jack Clement in the 1960s when the producer tried to give Cash's songs a fashionable "twangy" feel and to add frills like orchestral string sections and barbershop quartet-style backup singers. In his autobiography, Cash wrote about his frustration with Columbia Records in the 1970s and 1980s, due in part to creative disagreements, such as recording his vocals separately from the backing musicians.

"Tennessee Stud" and "The Man Who Couldn't Cry" were recorded live at the Viper Room, a Sunset Strip, Los Angeles nightclub owned at the time by Johnny Depp. "The Beast in Me" was written and originally recorded by Cash's former stepson-in-law Nick Lowe. Rubin commissioned new songs from several musicians, two of which ended up on American Recordings. "Down There By The Train" was a spiritual or gospel style song of redemption by Tom Waits. "Thirteen" was a more ominous composition by Glenn Danzig, whose heavy metal band had earlier worked with Rubin; Danzig wrote the song specifically for Cash in less than twenty minutes.

Two songs on the album had been recorded by Cash previously: "Delia's Gone", for the 1962 album The Sound of Johnny Cash and "Oh, Bury Me Not", for 1965's Johnny Cash Sings the Ballads of the True West.

The album cover was photographed while Cash was visiting Australia, at Werribee near Melbourne.

Critical reception
American Recordings received nearly universal acclaim from critics. Q magazine deemed it the year's most sincere and ambitious record, while NME found it "uplifting and life affirming because the message is taught through adversity, ill luck and fighting for survival". David Browne, writing in Entertainment Weekly, said Cash remained a captivating singer throughout the austerely arranged country ballads and bizarre reflections, calling the record "his most relaxed and folkiest album in three decades". In a rave review in Rolling Stone, Anthony DeCurtis hailed it as one of Cash's greatest albums because of his self-possessed, "biblically intense" take on traditional folk songs and Rubin's no-frills production: "American Recordings is at once monumental and viscerally intimate, fiercely true to the legend of Johnny Cash and entirely contemporary." Mark Cooper from Mojo called it a "breathtaking blend of the confessional and the self-mythologising". In the Chicago Tribune, Greg Kot wrote that Cash's singing was effectively dramatic throughout "the quagmire of humor and bloodshed, pathos and treachery evoked by these songs", while Los Angeles Times critic Randy Lewis said they "peer into the dark corners of the American soul" on what was a "milestone work" for Cash.

AllMusic's Mark Deming wrote that the album "became a critical sensation and a commercial success, though it was overrated in some quarters simply because it reminded audiences that one of America's greatest musical talents was still capable of making compelling music, something he had never stopped doing even if no one bothered to listen."

At the end of 1994, American Recordings was voted the seventh best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics nationwide. In other year-end lists, it was ranked 36th by Select, 23rd by NME, 19th by Rockdelux, 17th by Les Inrockuptibles, 15th by The Face, 5th by the Los Angeles Times, 4th by Mojo, and 2nd by OOR. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, it won Cash a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album. In 2006, Country Music Television (CMT) ranked the record number 27 on the network's list of the top 40 greatest country albums in 2006, and in 2009 Rolling Stone placed it at number 366 on the magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Personnel

 * Johnny Cash – acoustic guitar, vocals, main performer, liner notes
 * Rick Rubin – producer
 * Jim Scott – mixing
 * David Ferguson – engineer
 * Stephen Marcussen – mastering
 * Christine Cano – design
 * Martyn Atkins – art director, photographer

title: American Recordings (album)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Annie Glenn (neé Castor)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. I counted 4 valid votes for delete, 4 for keep.

Annie Glenn (neé Castor)
Delete While this is a well formatted article, it seems of dubious value to me, regardless of who she is married to. Non-notable? PhilipO 17:48, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong keep- I feel that this article is merited, not only because of who she is married to, but because of her decades-long struggle to help people with speech impediments, and other oral disabilities. Jdhowens90 18:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: vote by article author.
 * Strong keep: as a person with a speech impediment myself, I feel that Annie Glenn has done a lot for people like me, and as such is noteworthy in her own right. 172.201.99.219 18:08, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Anonymous user's only edits.
 * Delete. The wives of U.S. Senators don't attain independent notability per se in the way that First Ladies do, and she doesn't seem to have done anything else that rises to the level of deserving an article.  She should of course be mentioned in John Glenn's biography, but merging would be pointless because of most of this article is extremely trivial.  "She has a long-standing interest in American folk arts and crafts and collects quilts and other needlework as well as historical household items from the small towns of Ohio."  Maybe if we were writing a three-volume biography of Glenn, we'd go to such detail regarding his wife.  No need to redirect, because the presence of "(neé Castor)" in the article title makes this a very unlikely search.  Postdlf 18:16, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep --Irishpunktom\talk 18:56, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Postdlf. By the way, it is spelled née, not neé, and if the article is kept, it should be moved back to Annie Glenn per Naming conventions (common names). A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  19:11, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to her husband. Xoloz 04:57, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability is not a distributable quantity. No redirect. -Splash 14:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable DiceDiceBaby 15:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep if rewritten. Also it should be moved to Annie Glenn as per Naming conventions (common names). JamesBurns 03:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. or merge/redir w/her husband. RE naming, what JamesBurns and Android79 said. Niteowlneils 12:17, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Remarkable contributions to charity and the wife of a U.S. Senator and astronaut.
 * Keep. Her contributions should be known and not lost behind her husband's fame.
 * Keep. I was watching "The Right Stuff" and I found it interesting that there was an article in wikipedia about John Glenn's wife. She is not "notable" in some sense, but if an article meets wikipedia's users' need to learn I don't see why delete it. Disk space is cheap and this article will not strain wikipedia's bandwidth. The fact that one can find in wikipedia information that other encyclopedias might scorn is, I believe, one of wikipedia's greatest strengths. Dianelos 17:18, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:American Recordings (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:JohnnyCashAmericanRecordings.jpg
Image:JohnnyCashAmericanRecordings.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Adam McMaster 10:49, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Ironic?
That is clearly not irony. I thought this was supposed to be an encyclopaedia? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.233.152.179 (talk) 15:52, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:American Recordings (album)


text:
Raimondas Rumšas

Raimondas Rumšas (born 14 January 1972) is a Lithuanian former professional road bicycle racer. He came third in the 2002 Tour de France but was implicated in a doping scandal.

Doping
On the day of Rumšas' third-place finish in the 2002 Tour de France, police discovered corticoids, erythropoietin, testosterone, growth hormones and anabolic steroids in the car of his wife, Edita Rumšienė. She was jailed for several months before being released, despite her claim that the drugs were for her mother-in-law.

In May 2003 Rumšas tested positive for the banned endurance enhancer erythropoietin (EPO). He had just finished the 2003 Giro d'Italia, where he ranked sixth. Rumšas received a one-year ban. He briefly returned to cycling in 2004 with Acqua & Sapone team for the Gran Premio Città di Camaiore.

In June 2005, Rumšas was arrested before his trial by the Bonneville court. In January 2006, he and his wife received four-month suspended prison sentences for the import of prohibited doping substances. Polish doctor Krzysztof Ficek was handed a 12-month suspended sentence for prescribing the drugs.

Major results

 * 1992
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Pologne
 * 1st Stage 3

 * 1994
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques

 * 1996
 * 3rd Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 9th Overall Tour de Pologne
 * 9th Route Adélie de Vitré

 * 1997
 * 4th Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
 * 1st Stage 5
 * 9th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

 * 1998
 * National Road Championships
 * 2nd Road race
 * 3rd Time trial
 * 2nd Overall Hessen Rundfahrt
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 4th Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
 * 5th Overall Tour de Pologne
 * 7th Overall Peace Race
 * 1st Stages 1 & 4
 * 7th Lancaster Classic
 * 9th Road race, UCI Road World Road Championships

 * 1999
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotLituania.PNG Time trial
 * 4th Road race
 * 1st Stage 5 Circuit des Mines
 * 2nd Overall Peace Race
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 3rd Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 4th Overall Tour de Pologne
 * 1st Stages 6 & 7
 * 5th Overall PruTour
 * 1st Stage 4

 * 2000
 * 1st Giro di Lombardia
 * 2nd Coppa Bernocchi
 * 4th Overall Vuelta a Burgos
 * 5th Overall Vuelta a España
 * 5th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 9th Overall Tour de Romandie

 * 2001
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotLituania.PNG Road race
 * 3rd Time trial
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 1st Stage 5b (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Paris–Nice
 * 2nd Giro dell'Appennino
 * 3rd Overall Giro del Trentino
 * 3rd Overall Route du Sud
 * 3rd Gran Premio di Chiasso
 * 6th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 7th Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 9th Trofeo Laigueglia

 * 2002
 * 2nd Overall Bicicleta Vasca
 * 3rd Overall Tour de France

 * 2003
 * 1st Stage 1b (TTT) Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 6th Overall Giro d'Italia

 * 2005
 * National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotLituania.PNG Time trial
 * 2nd Road race

 * 2006
 * National Road Championships
 * 2nd Road race
 * 2nd Time trial

title: Raimondas Rumšas


text:
Talk:Bulawayo

Untitled
Removed and rewritten some of the more obvious (copyrighted?) lifts from other sites Humansdorpie 17:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Your opening line "...comes from the Ndebele word..." requires some editing. Ndebele is the name of the tribe, however, their language is known as SiNdebele. The use of the word in the rest of the article is correct, it's just this opening line that needs tweaking. Hope this is of some use and interest. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Assfly (talk • contribs) 20:43, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Merger of neighborhoods to this article
I am recommending merging the short articles found within Category:Suburbs_of_Bulawayo to this article as they are not large enough yet to justify a one or two-line article on their own.

I would recommend placing them under a new "Neighborhoods" section, and then deleting the category that holds the articles.

Guroadrunner 11:17, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bulawayo Coat of Arms.jpg
Image:Bulawayo Coat of Arms.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:04, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Old name
What was the colonial name of Bulawayo? It's not on here and I can't quite recall it. Lihaas (talk) 17:43, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

'Jacaranda' flowers in your article are in fact Petria flowers
The picture that you have labelled "Jacaranda" is not of Jacaranda flowers, but of Petria flowers. There is a wonderful photograph of Jacaranda flowers on your own website, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacaranda_in_Blossom.jpg. Perhaps you would like to correct this error by replacing the current picture by the one at the above link. Sorry, I am not signing this by using the method you described, because I don't understand how it works;  all I want is to bring this one error to your attention. K.E., Pretoria, South Africa, 20 May 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.151.130.162 (talk) 11:02, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I updated the image caption. There is some value in retaining the image because it is from the Bulawayo area. ✤ JonHarder talk 12:58, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

Bulawayo article: vandalism??
What has happened to the article ?? Renata (talk) 09:33, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, vandalism. Restored. ✤ JonHarder talk 12:15, 13 August 2010 (UTC)

Origins of the name
In Rudd Concession we find Rudd_Concession which says :-

 * "Bulawayo" was not one place. Like the Zulus, the Matabele did not have a permanent "capital" in the Western sense; instead, they had a royal kraal, which relocated whenever a king died, or as soon as local sources of water and food ran out. Whenever a move took place, the old kraal was burned. The name "Bulawayo", applied to every Matabele royal town, dated back to the 1820s, when it was used by Shaka to refer to his own royal town in Zululand. Lobengula's first Bulawayo was founded in 1870, and lasted until 1881, when he moved to the site of the modern city of the same name

This conflicts with the present article. Wizzy… ☎ 12:53, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Student Edits
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External links modified
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Hi
Hi. I think bulawayo is a great place, so you should also add its a great place 2601:603:1B7F:3E20:71D2:183E:592A:C617 (talk) 03:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

Kharis international school system player.
1.Sam Jones 2. Mark Paye. 41.191.104.241 (talk) 11:22, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bulawayo


text:
Toronto Transportation Services

Toronto Transportation Services is the division of the City of Toronto which manages transport infrastructure within public rights of way in Toronto. With an operating budget of approximately $436.4 million in 2022 and 1,400 staff, the division maintains the city's surface streets and sidewalks, cycling infrastructure, the Gardiner Expressway and the Don Valley Parkway.

History
The department was created in the 1998 amalgamation of Toronto from the merger of:
 * Metropolitan Toronto Transportation Department (Metro Toronto Roads and Transportation)
 * North York Transportation Department
 * Scarborough Works Department
 * Etobicoke Transportation Department
 * City of York Transportation Department
 * East York Transportation Department
 * City of Toronto Department of Public Works and the Environment

Before amalgamation, Metro Toronto Transportation was responsible for major roads across Metro, while the municipalities were responsible for collector and local roads in their respective areas.

Responsibilities and operations
Transportation Services is responsible for planning, construction, and management of the transportation infrastructure within the public right-of-way, including the public realm, sidewalks and roads. This includes:

 * maintenance of around 10,000 different streets totalling 5,397 kilometres
 * over 2,400 traffic signals
 * 7,100 km of sidewalks
 * 530 bridges
 * over one million signs
 * 4,100 bus shelters

Snow removal
The division is responsible for snow removal on public roads, sidewalks and other public areas:
 * Total kilometres of ploughed sidewalks: 6,000
 * Total number of opened driveways: 262,000

A variety of city and contract staff/equipment are used for snow removal:
 * 592 snowplows/graders
 * 5 Metromelt melting machines
 * PD-350 snow melting trailer units
 * 296 sidewalk ploughs
 * 211 salt trucks
 * City staff: 536
 * Contracted staff: 1,068

Average snowfall in the city is 130 cm per year with 40 to 50 days of de-icing events per year.

An average of 146,275 tonnes of salt is used each year (based on a ten-year average). The city's snow removal budget is over $60 million a year.

Transportation Services is also responsible for a wide variety of activities including:
 * Road and sidewalk maintenance
 * Street cleaning
 * Permits for on-street parking, construction and street events
 * Traffic signs and pavement markings
 * Traffic signals and traffic safety
 * Red light camera operations
 * Construction planning and policies

Traffic Management Centre
The Traffic Management Centre consists of the Traffic Safety, Traffic Plant Installations and Maintenance, and Urban Traffic Control Systems units. These units are responsible for:
 * Red light cameras
 * Central traffic signal systems
 * Priority for Toronto Transit Commission and emergency vehicles (Toronto Fire Services, Toronto Paramedic Services, Toronto Police Service)
 * Traffic Safety Unit providing traffic data and collision analysis
 * Deployment of intelligent transportation systems to manage congestion
 * Road Emergency Services Communications Unit expansion
 * Pedestrian crossing signals

Sections
Transportation Services is divided into seven sections:
 * Policy & Innovation
 * Planning & Capital Programs
 * Project Design & Management
 * Business Performance
 * Operations & Maintenance
 * Traffic Management
 * Permits & Enforcement

title: Toronto Transportation Services


text:
Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and Shetland

This is a list of people who served as Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and Shetland. The Lieutenancy was replaced by two Lieutenancies, the Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and the Lord Lieutenant of Shetland, in 1948.

 * James Douglas, 11th Earl of Morton 1715–?
 * George Douglas, 13th Earl of Morton 1735–1738
 * Thomas Dundas, 1st Baron Dundas 17 March 1794 – 14 June 1820
 * vacant
 * Lawrence Dundas, 1st Earl of Zetland 10 May 1831 – 19 February 1839
 * John Dundas 30 March 1839 – 14 February 1866
 * Frederick Dundas 7 March 1866 – 26 October 1872
 * John Dundas 18 December 1872 – 13 September 1892
 * Malcolm Alfred Laing 5 November 1892 – 10 December 1917
 * vacant
 * Sir William Cheyne, 1st Baronet 1919–1930
 * Alfred Baikie 1930–1947
 * Sir William Cheyne, 1st Baronet 1919–1930
 * Alfred Baikie 1930–1947

Vice Lieutenants

 * Lieutenant-General Frederick William Traill-Burroughs 17 January 1900

title: Lord Lieutenant of Orkney and Shetland