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Jack Palladino

John Arthur Palladino (July 9, 1944 – February 1, 2021) was an American private investigator and attorney. In 1977 he founded the private detective agency Palladino & Sutherland with his wife, Sandra Sutherland, and over a career spanning more than four decades, Palladino specialized in the preparation for trial of witnesses and evidence in litigation. He was best known for his work in the Peoples Temple tragedy, his defense of car maker John DeLorean, for the Bill Clinton presidential election committee, the tobacco industry whistleblower Jeffrey Wigand, singer Courtney Love, and musician R. Kelly.

On January 28, 2021, Palladino suffered a traumatic brain injury and was placed on life support following a robbery outside his Haight-Ashbury home. He was taken off life support and died on February 1, 2021.

Early years
Palladino was born in Boston on July 9, 1944. His father was employed as a pipefitter. Palladino attended Boston Latin School, graduating in 1962, and went on to study English at Cornell University, obtaining a bachelor's degree from that institution. He moved to the San Francisco Bay Area to pursue graduate studies at University of California, Berkeley, first as a Ford Fellow in political science (graduating in 1968), then at UC Berkeley School of Law (earning a Juris Doctor in 1975). He was subsequently admitted to the State Bar of California three years later.

In 1977 he founded the private detective agency Palladino & Sutherland with his wife Sandra Sutherland. Palladino and Sutherland met in 1972 during the course of an undercover investigation into abuses against the inmates of Nassau County jail on Long Island on behalf of the Long Island District Attorney. They later worked together for four years at San Francisco's Hal Lipset agency, but left that employment to start their own agency.

Career
In a career that spanned nearly 50 years, Palladino became known for taking on high-profile and controversial cases. The San Francisco Examiner noted in 1999 that he had "built a reputation for aggressive investigations, an in-your-face style and the ability to neutralize adverse witnesses and spin hostile media." With Sutherland, he investigated fraud, personal injury, medical malpractice and murder cases.

While still in law school at University of California, Berkeley, Palladino was hired by the family of Patty Hearst to assist in the matter of her 1974 kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA). He also spent seven years investigating the Peoples Temple tragedy, a.k.a. Jonestown, in which more than 900 members of a religious cult died in Guyana in 1978. His interviews with surviving members of the cult and their families are now part of the definitive history of that event.

In 1982, John DeLorean, a former General Motors executive who had formed the independent DeLorean Motor Company, was charged with engaging in a cocaine trafficking deal to fund his company. Palladino & Sutherland interviewed more than two hundred witnesses in a defense that convinced the jury to acquit DeLorean based on entrapment by government agents.

Palladino was perhaps best known for being hired by the Bill Clinton presidential election committee to challenge a campaign intended to deny Clinton the Democratic nomination. Palladino's work included discrediting women with whom Clinton supposedly had been intimate, according to Newsweek magazine. The Clinton election committee reportedly paid Palladino more than $100,000 over several years to investigate two dozen women in a damage control inquiry. Michael Isikoff claimed the Clinton campaign used deception regarding the payments. He said the payouts came from campaign funds, but were listed as legal fees paid to a Denver law firm rather than payments to Palladino. He further claimed that Clinton's chief of staff Betsey Wright later told him the funds were for "controlling bimbo eruptions".

Palladino was also employed by singer Courtney Love to talk to journalists investigating whether she was involved in the 1994 death of her husband, singer Kurt Cobain. Palladino insisted he was never involved in "fear and intimidation" in his investigations and production of dossiers on such journalists.

When former tobacco executive Jeffrey Wigand began cooperating with 60 Minutes on insider revelations of tobacco company manipulations designed to increase smoker addiction, the industry launched a million dollar public relations campaign to discredit him. Palladino engaged in a counter-investigation that turned the spotlight onto this smear campaign and preserved Wigand's credibility as an expert witness in a lawsuit that subsequently resulted in a more than two hundred billion dollar settlement, in the first successful litigation against Big Tobacco. This effort is chronicled in Marie Brenner's May 1996 Vanity Fair article "The Man Who Knew Too Much" and in the 1999 Michael Mann film The Insider. In that movie, Palladino appeared as himself, and his partner, Sandra Sutherland, was played by actress Megan Odebash.

In 2002, singer, songwriter, and record producer R. Kelly was charged with videotaping himself having sex with an underage teenage girl. An investigation by Palladino that lasted six years culminated in Palladino's testimony at trial challenging the principal prosecution witness, and the acquittal of Kelly in less than a day.

In April 2009, Australian businessman Peter Holmes à Court admitted in the Supreme Court of New South Wales that the Hollywood actor Russell Crowe had hired Palladino & Sutherland to investigate opposition to the planned takeover of the South Sydney Rabbitohs. Crowe had first gotten to know Palladino and his Australian wife and partner, Sandra Sutherland, when all three worked on the film The Insider.

Ronan Farrow reported in November 2017 that Harvey Weinstein had, through the lawyer David Boies, employed the private intelligence agencies Kroll Inc., Black Cube and private investigator Jack Palladino to spy on and influence Weinstein's alleged victims as well as reporters who were investigating Weinstein, in order to prevent his conduct from becoming public.

Other notable clients included Don Johnson, Kevin Costner, Robin Williams, Huey P. Newton, the Hells Angels and Snoop Dogg.

Personal life
Palladino first married at age 19, but divorced after four-and-a-half years. In 1977 he married the Australian-born Sandra Sutherland. He had stepsons Nick and Jude Chapman and a stepdaughter Amanda from Sutherland's former marriage to a research physiologist. Sutherland was also a poet, and Palladino an avid photographer who often roamed his neighborhood taking pictures.

Robbery and death
On January 28, 2021, Palladino suffered a traumatic head injury and was placed on life support after a robbery that took place in front of his Haight-Ashbury home. According to reports, he was taking pictures of suspicious activity with a camera on a strap around his neck. When a thief in an Acura car grabbed the camera, Palladino was thrown to the pavement and dragged behind the car for about 40 feet. Police used photos on the camera to identify the suspects, and two men were arrested for attempted murder on January 29 and 30, 2021. Palladino died from his injuries at San Francisco General Hospital on February 1, 2021. Prosecutors dropped the charges against the suspects in 2023.

title: Jack Palladino


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Milford–Montague Toll Bridge

The Milford–Montague Toll Bridge (also known as the US 206 Toll Bridge) is a truss bridge that crosses the Delaware River, connecting Montague Township, New Jersey to Dingman Township, Pennsylvania on U.S. Route 206, near the town of Milford. The two-lane bridge, which opened on December 30, 1953, has a total length of 1,150 feet (350 m), and is operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission.

Tolls are collected only from motorists traveling northbound, into Pennsylvania.

Bridge history
The bridge was approved in 1951, to replace an existing crossing at the site that dated from 1889. The Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge, the Portland–Columbia Toll Bridge and the Milford–Montague Toll Bridge were all constructed simultaneously by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission, with work on all three started on October 15, 1951, and all three bridge openings spaced approximately every two weeks in December 1953.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Milford–Montague Toll Bridge


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Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz (16 February 1755 – 25 February 1816) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars.

Early life
Bülow was born in Falkenberg, in the Altmark, and was the elder brother of Freiherr Dietrich Heinrich von Bülow. A member of the noble Bülow family, he received an excellent education, and entered the Prussian army in 1768, becoming ensign in 1772, and second lieutenant in 1775. He took part in the War of the Bavarian Succession of 1778, and subsequently devoted himself to the study of his profession and of the sciences and arts.

Throughout his life, Bülow was devoted to music, his great musical ability bringing him to the notice of King Frederick William II of Prussia, and c. 1790 he was conspicuous in the most fashionable circles of Berlin. He did not, however, neglect his military studies, and in 1792 he was made military instructor to the young Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, becoming at the same time full captain. He took part in the campaigns of 1792–94 on the Rhine, and received for signal courage during the siege of Mainz the order Pour le Mérite and promotion to the rank of major.

After this Bülow went to garrison duty at Soldau. In 1802, he married Auguste Marianne, the daughter of Colonel von Auer, and in the following year he became lieutenant-colonel, remaining at Soldau with his corps. The vagaries and misfortunes of his brother Dietrich affected his happiness as well as his fortune. The loss of two of his children was followed in 1806 by the death of his wife, and a further source of disappointment was the exclusion of his regiment from the field army sent against Napoleon in 1806. The disasters of the campaign aroused his energies. He did excellent service under Anton Wilhelm von L'Estocq's command in the latter part of the war, was wounded in action, and finally designated for a brigade command in Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher's force.

In 1808, Bülow married the sister of his first wife Pauline Juliane. He was made a major-general in the same year, and henceforward he devoted himself wholly to the regeneration of Prussia. The intensity of his patriotism threw him into conflict even with Blücher and led to his temporary retirement; in 1811, however, he was again employed.

War of the Sixth Coalition
In the critical days preceding the War of the Sixth Coalition, Bülow kept his troops in hand without committing himself to any irrevocable step until the decision was made. On 14 March 1813, he was made a lieutenant-general. He fought against Marshal Oudinot in defence of Berlin and defeated him at the Battle of Luckau. In the summer he came under the command of Bernadotte, crown prince of Sweden.

At the head of an army corps, Bülow distinguished himself greatly in the Battle of Großbeeren, a victory which was attributed almost entirely to his leadership. A little later, he won the great victory at the Battle of Dennewitz, which for the second time checked Napoleon's advance on Berlin. This inspired the greatest enthusiasm in Prussia, as being won by mainly Prussian forces, and rendered Bülow's popularity almost equal to that of Blücher.

For his superb generalship and courage during the Battle of Großbeeren, von Bülow was awarded the Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of the Sword on the battlefield by crown prince Charles John of Sweden and was subsequently ennobled as Graf von Dennewitz by the King of Prussia.

Bülow's corps played a conspicuous part in the final overthrow of Napoleon at Leipzig, and he was then entrusted with the task of evicting the French from Holland and Belgium. In an almost uniformly successful campaign, he won a signal victory at Hoogstraten, although he was fortunate to be supported, often very significantly, by the British General Thomas Graham, second in command to Lord Wellington. In the campaign of 1814, he invaded France from the north-west, joined Blücher, and took part in the brilliant victory of Laon in March. He was made general of infantry and received the title of Count Bülow von Dennewitz. He also took part in the Allied sovereigns' visit to England in June 1814.

Waterloo Campaign
In the short peace of 1814–1815, Bülow was at Königsberg as commander-in-chief in Prussia proper. He was soon called to the field again, and in the Waterloo Campaign commanded the IV Corps of Blücher's army. He was not present at Ligny, but his corps headed the flank attack upon Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, and bore the heaviest part in the fighting of the Prussian troops around Plancenoit. He took part in the invasion of France, but died suddenly on 25 February 1816, a month after his return to the Königsberg command.

title: Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow


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File:John Lennon's jukebox.jpg

Summary
Sleeve of the John Lennon's jukebox compilation

title: File:John Lennon's jukebox.jpg


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Phi Kappa

Phi Kappa may refer to:
 * Phi Kappa (Catholic fraternity), a higher education fraternity founded in 1889 and one of the two fraternities that merged to form Phi Kappa Theta
 * Phi Kappa Literary Society, a debate society founded in 1820 at the University of Georgia
 * Phi Kappa (secondary), a secondary school (high school) fraternity founded in 1900

title: Phi Kappa


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Austrian Parliament

The Austrian Parliament (Österreichisches Parlament) is the bicameral federal legislature of Austria. It consists of two chambers – the National Council and the Federal Council. In specific cases, both houses convene as the Federal Assembly. The legislature meets in the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna.

Overview
The National Council is composed of 183 members elected through proportional representation in a general election. The legislative period lasts five years, elections are held earlier if the National Council prematurely moves for its own dissolution. The National Council is the dominant (albeit 'lower') house in the Austrian Parliament, and consequently the terms Parliament and National Council are commonly used synonymously.

The Federal Council is elected indirectly, through the provincial assemblies (Landtage) of the nine States of the Federal Republic, and reflects the distribution of seats in the Austrian Landtage. The states are represented in the Federal Council roughly in accordance to the size of their populations. Seats are redistributed among the states following each general census, and the overall size of the chamber varies slightly as a result. The current Federal Council is composed of 61 delegates. With regard to most issues, the Federal Council only possesses a dilatory right of veto which can be overridden by the National Council. However, the Federal Council enjoys absolute veto powers over bills intended to alter the powers of either the states, or of the Federal Council itself.

The Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) is a body whose function is mostly ceremonial in nature, and consists of the members of both houses of Parliament. The Federal Assembly convenes only rarely, for instance to witness the inauguration of the Federal President. It might be noted, however, that under exceptional circumstances the Austrian constitution endows the Federal Assembly with significant responsibilities. An example of this would be its pivotal role in the hypothetical impeachment of a Federal President.

Both houses of parliament, as well as the Federal Assembly, convene in the parliament building located on the Vienna Ring Road. From 2017 to 2022 they convened in the Redoute Wing of the Hofburg due to a renovation of the parliament building.

title: Austrian Parliament


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Love Makes the World Go 'Round (1958 song)

"Love Makes the World Go 'Round" is a popular music song written by Ollie Jones. The most popular version was recorded by Perry Como in 1958. He made two recordings that year, one on September 5 and one on September 16. The 45rpm single based on one of these was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog numbers 47-7353 (mono) and 61-7353 (stereo). It peaked at number 33 on the Billboard chart.

A United Kingdom release was made by RCA (78rpm, catalog number 1086), which reached number 6 on the UK Singles Chart and number 5 on the Belgium chart. A Japanese release in stereo was made by RCA (catalog number SX-1002). All of these were backed by "Mandolins in the Moonlight" on the flip side.

British rockabilly trio the Jets released their version in 1982 which reached number 21 on the UK Singles Chart.


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Monitoring in clinical trials

Clinical monitoring is the oversight and administrative efforts that monitor a participant's health and efficacy of the treatment during a clinical trial. Both independent and government-run grant-funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), require data and safety monitoring protocols for Phase I and II clinical trials conforming to their standards.

Safety monitoring
Safety monitoring of a clinical trial is conducted by an independent physician with relevant expertise. This is accomplished by review of adverse event, immediately after they occur, with timely follow-up through resolution.

Responsibility for data and safety monitoring depends on the phase of the study and may be conducted by sponsor or Contract research organization (CRO) staff or contractor, and/or by the Principal clinical investigator/project manager conducting the study. Regardless of the method used, monitoring must be performed on a regular basis. Oversight of the monitoring activity is the responsibility of the sponsor.

Aspects of monitoring
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, the top five deficiency categories for site inspections caught by clinical monitors as reported in the 2001 Report to the Nation are: Therefore, the primary goal of clinical trial monitoring is to observe each trial site to ensure that the standardized operation procedures for the trial are being followed, reporting and managing any deviations from the investigation plan as they occur. Monitoring plans in the United States typically also require a clear protocol for reporting adverse/undesirable effects caused by the treatment to the institutional review board (IRB), the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), and the institution funding the research. The FDA itself maintains an Adverse Event Reporting System for such occurrences in clinical trials it oversees in the United States.
 * Failure to follow investigation protocol (the procedures and treatment subjects must undergo, as well as the schedule of assessments)
 * Failure to keep adequate and accurate records
 * Problems with the informed consent form
 * Failure to report adverse events
 * Failure to account for the disposition of study drugs

Functions of the clinical monitor
Clinical monitors execute the monitoring plan laid out by the sponsors and investigators of a clinical trial. Monitors may be referred to by many different titles, such as: Clinical Research Associate, "on-site" monitor, Clinical Research Monitor, Study Site Monitor and Quality Specialist. The number of clinical monitors depends on the scale and scope of the trial.

Almost all field monitoring requires regular visits to the site by the clinical research associate throughout the period of the study. On occasion, an extremely simple, low-risk study might be monitored almost exclusively by telephone except for the startup and closeout visits. Since the concept of "low risk" is subjective, this definition should be established in internal policies and procedures.

Complexity of monitoring
The level of scrutiny of monitoring varies across studies based on risks and nature of the trial.

Considerations that affect the design of monitoring plans usually include: Several of these factors depend on the phase of the clinical trial--for example, in some early Phase I studies of drugs whose effects on different individuals are unknown, the monitor may be required to be present during all or part of a subject's treatment, while Phase II investigations usually involve multiple investigation sites.
 * Complexity of the protocol (including toxicity, presence of special populations inside sample groups, amount of interaction needed, length of treatment, etc.)
 * Risk of the treatment
 * Disease being evaluated
 * Number of study subjects enrolled at the site
 * Number of treatment sites (such as number of clinics with access to and assigning the treatment)
 * Site performance
 * Sponsor monitoring standard operating protocols

The overall monitoring plan should remain fairly consistent, but the strategy for individual sites may change considerably during the course of the study depending on study conditions and site performance.

title: Monitoring in clinical trials


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Azadi Stadium

The Azadi Stadium ( Varzešgâh-è Âzâdi), opened as the Aryamehr Stadium ( Varzešgâh-è Âryâmehr), is an all-seater football stadium in Tehran, Iran. The stadium was designed by Abdol Aziz Mirza Farman-Farmaian Architects and Associates (AFFA) with other parts of the sports complex based on plans by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, an American architectural, urban planning, and engineering firm. It was inaugurated on 17 October 1971 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran; it is currently self-owned by Esteghlal and Persepolis. It is also the home stadium of the Iran national football team. It has a capacity of 78,116 spectators, as the result of conversion to all-seater stadium. The stadium is part of the larger Azadi Sport Complex.

Aryamehr (meaning "Light of the Aryans") was the title of the said Shah; it was renamed after the Iranian Revolution to Azadi (meaning "freedom" in Persian). It is the largest association football stadium in Western Asia. It was built to host the 1974 Asian Games and has hosted the 1976 AFC Asian Cup. The stadium also hosted five finals of Asian Club Competitions: three finals of AFC Champions League in 1999, 2002 and 2018 and two finals of Asian Cup Winners' Cup in 1991 and 1993. Azadi Stadium also hosted WAFF Championship Tournament in 2004 and 2008.

Because of the loud sound of vuvuzelas, similar to the sound of bees, the stadium is sometimes referred to as a "Bee swarm".

Location
The stadium is located in the West of Tehran, near Ekbatan district.

History
The Azadi Stadium was constructed by Arme Construction Company and designed by Aziz Farman-Farmaian's architecture firm, AFFA, for the 1974 Asian Games with international criteria. It replaced the Amjadieh Stadium as the new home of Iran's national football team.

The stadium was built as part of a much larger complex which included numerous Olympic-sized venues for various sports, laying the groundwork for ambitious plans for Tehran to make a bid to host the Summer Olympics. In August 1975, the Iranian Shah, Tehran's Mayor and the Iranian Olympic Committee submitted a formal letter to the International Olympic Committee, notifying it of Iran's interest in hosting the 1984 Summer Games. The stadium was the focal point for the bid. But political unrest in the late-1970s saw Tehran drop its bid for Games, leaving the eventual host, Los Angeles, the only city left bidding.

Renovations first began on the stadium in 2002. Stadium management also planned to later install seats in the upper level of the stadium. Those renovations were completed in 2003, and brought down the capacity of the stadium to well under 100,000. Later upgrades to the stadium brought it down to its current capacity of 78,116. Despite its reduced capacity, Azadi Stadium has been filled over capacity at times such as the Iran-Japan FIFA World Cup 2006 qualification match in March 2005 which resulted in the deaths of seven people.

In 2004 a large jumbotron television was added, replacing the original scoreboard. The stadium hosted two West Asian Football Federation Championship in 2004 and 2008. In 2008, AFC forced Sepahan to play the home matches in AFC Champions League in this stadium after their home stadium Naghsh-e-Jahan Stadium was closed for renovation. The stadium also is the regular host for Iran U-23 for the Olympics football qualifying.

In recent years the Iranian Football Federation has repeatedly submitted bids to host the AFC Asian Cup, which Iran last hosted in 1976. But some officials have hinted that rules in Iran banning women from stadiums like Azadi have kept international sports organizations from staging events there. Iranian women have been banned from watching matches at Azadi Stadium since 1982.

Events

 * In November 1975, Frank Sinatra held a concert at Aryamehr Stadium.
 * The 2006 film, "Offside" (the winner of the Silver bear at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2006) directed by Jafar Panahi and starring Sima Mobarak Shahi and Ida Sadeghi, about girls trying to get into the stadium to watch a football match, was filmed there.
 * Azadi Stadium also hosted Ferdousi festival in May 2013.
 * 2015 Women's Islamic Games were held at the stadium.
 * The song Salam Farmande was sung in the Azadi Stadium.

Building and facilities
The architect of the stadium was Abdolaziz Farmanfarmaian, with some parts of the complex done in partnership with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. At the beginning, the stadium had a maximum capacity of 120,000 visitors but was decreased to 84,000 after renovations in 2003. On the big occasions the crowd swells well beyond that. The structural engineer and project manager for the building of the stadium was James Raymond Whittle from England.

Transportation
There is enough parking for 400 cars inside the stadium, and an additional 10,000 parking spots are available outside.

Record attendance
The record attendance at Azadi Stadium is over 128,000 during a 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Australia.

title: Azadi Stadium


text: User talk:81.232.4.106

title: User talk:81.232.4.106


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Talk:Casualties of the 7 July 2005 London bombings

Blitz
I still think the London Blitz during World War II was a much bigger deal. ‡  Jarlaxle   20:46, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

from main article
I have now merged in the casualty details from the main article. Andy Mabbett 10:46, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Identified in chart
The number of identified casualities listed in the chart should be updated, and will need to be updated continuously as more identifications are made. The information in the chart doesn't reflect the information elsewhere in the article in this regard. Moncrief 10:56, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * It is a source of frustration that the dead are not being identified very quickly - the list of verified victims is up to date. the others are based on missing persons reported to the media. DavidP 04:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I've been looking hard for names, and we're still about 10 short of the "54" figure being bandied about, let alone the "74 families" with liaison/comfort officers. --Dhartung | Talk 00:27, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Please vote on VfD page
Now that this article contains very significant information about the bombings, it definitely cannot be deleted. Please vote on the VfD page. I know it's unlikely to be deleted, but several more "Keep" votes won't hurt. Moncrief 11:10, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Bombers?
Shouldn't the bombers be on this page, as identified bodies if nothing else? --Dtcdthingy 00:26, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The suspected bombers bodies havent been identified - that is why it is prudent to refer to them as 'alleged or suspected bombers'. some personal documents have been found on the scene for two of the suspects (but that doesnt mean they were carrying them at the time of the explosions). DavidP 04:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Putting them on this page is an invitation to vandalism or edit wars, I think. Also, since they are linked to their own articles, it encourages people to create articles for individual victims, which is contrary to "Wikipedia is not a memorial" guidelines. --Dhartung | Talk 00:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I realise that, but OTOH, the 55 presumably includes them, so you'll be left with a gap when all other victims have been named --161.73.58.135 11:32, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That they're terrorists is an allegation; that they're bodies has been confirmed by the police. The only possible reason to omit them for now would be because they have not formally been ruled on by the coroner yet; but other names of this sort had already begun to creep into the list and I figure that official police statements are good enough. Certainly, even if we omit them now, they'll be in the list eventually. Doops | talk 05:56, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Injuries
What about injuries? Shouldn't we include these also? - Ta bu shi da yu 03:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * By individual name, you mean? I'd say there are far too many to do an adequate job of organising them by name.  Moncrief 05:30, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * I very much doubt that the names of most of the injured are even publically available. -- Arwel 14:09, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There isn't even one formal listing of the dead. I don't think the effort required is worth it (some think this page is inappropriate as it is). --Dhartung | Talk 00:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Layout
I have tried to improve page layout. Previously the table and the template interacted to chop up the text nastily at the top of the page. I am not wholly convinced that I have improved it much. In particular, the table is now separated from the paragraph it relates to. Perhaps somebody can do better? 195.157.197.108 09:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Numbers
The numbers in the intro, table, and list of casualties don't match. Andy Mabbett 21:34, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * They still don't match (and the order of locations differs between the summary table and the detail list which is confusing). -- SGBailey 15:53, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Turkish dead
According to http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/050720/ids_photos_wl/r1227539137.jpg, one Turk was killed in the attacks, but not saying where. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 16:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Presumably Gamze Gunoral, on the bus. -- Arwel 22:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I already added her. Gunoral's effects were found among the wreckage of the Piccadilly Line train. --Dhartung | Talk 03:17, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Casualties list

 * Following my vote to «Merge [...] or Keep [...] [but] the actual list of casualties must be deleted».
 * Noting that some other keep votes included the same reasoning.
 * Also noting that no such discussion arisen here yet.
 * Remembering that Wikipedia is not a memorial.
 * Considering that these casualties are no more notable than the:
 * 68.8 million (49.3 of them civilians) at World War II
 * 15 thousand at Halhin Gol
 * More than 20 thousand at the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan
 * 18.5 thousand at 1982 Lebanon War
 * 80 (43 from a single small village of 217) at Swissair Flight 306
 * etc. (This is from a list of articles mentioning casualties retrieved by Google)

I propose that the list of casualties should be deleted. Nabla 00:37, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Not having a single coment, neither for nor against, the list deletion, I've just deleted it.
 * You can see the list using this permanent link to the previous version. Nabla 18:20:40, 2005-08-28 (UTC)

Unidentified Casualties?
This article lists two names, Kristen Allen and Izaak Allen, supposedly casualties from the Edgeware Station bomb, yet they are not listed anywhere else, including http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/05/london_blasts/victims/default.stm. Can someone please explain where these names came from?

Merged after AFD debate
I have merged the lead section of this article with 7 July 2005 London bombings and made this a redirect following this AFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:38, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think Sjakkalle made a good work, but, in my opinion, it is not the solution.
 * Why? Well, it seems that there is a lot of interesting information about the 7 July events, such as, for example, about English literature. If you edit the article, you will see that it is said at the top of it: "This page is 54 kilobytes long. This may be longer than is preferable; see article size". In the article size page, you can read this rule of thumb for splitting articles:

 * 1) >50KB - Probably should be divided (although the scope of a topic can sometimes justify the added reading time)
 * 2) >30KB - May eventually need to be divided (likelihood goes up with size; this is less critical for lists)
 * 3) >20KB - Might need to be divided
 * 4) <20KB - Probably should not be divided
 * so, I think the best solution should be an independent article for the casualties, with a proper summary in the principal article.
 * I understant that the victims are not notable just because they died in the bombings; then, we can delete the list, but keep an article about the casualties, such as...

 * World War II casualties
 * Ottoman Armenian casualties
 * Casualties of the conflict in Iraq since 2003
 * Casualties of the 2004 March 11 Madrid bombings
 * etc.
 * Eynar Oxartum 01:51, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Unconfirmed
"These names are being listed in mass media as likely victims who have not been heard from since the morning of 7 July or who were last seen on their way to work or at bombing sites:

 * Hassan Mohammed Dahir, 19, student from Denmark"

Removed until a citation can be found. Rich Farmbrough 09:00 27  April 2006 (UTC).

Colombian casualty/injured
Where can I find about the Colombian victim mentioned in the article? It is a victim or someone who just got injured?--ometzit<col> (talk) 17:03, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
 * A complete list of those who were killed is presently available at 7 July 2005 London bombings. –Black Falcon (Talk) 17:16, 31 July 2008 (UTC)


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Talk:Criminally insane

IF SOMEONE IS READING THIS, I SUGGEST THAT THIS ARTICLE IS RE-WRITTEN. APPARENTLY HITLER WASN'T OVERTLY EVIL AND "If one were to meet him in real life he would appear to be quite normal.

PLEASE EDIT THIS BULLSHIT, I CAN'T BE BOTHERED.

IT SHOULD ALL BE DELETED, BECAUSE SOMEONE HAS JUST REPLACED THE ARTICLE WITH THEIR OPINION- SO I SUGGEST THAT YOU DELETE THE WHOLE THING, AS THERE IS NO LONGER A RECOGNISEABLE ENTRY UNDER "CRIMINALLY INSANE". THANK YOU

His actions, misguided and wrong as they were, did not occur because of an inherent desire for death. From what we know, they came about because of some wrong ideas he had, and not due to an inherent desire for violence. He didn't necessarily enjoy the actual violent aspect of it, merely the end result of such actions.

This article seems to be written by someone who is so bias they have disregarded the existence of people such as Ted Bundy, Adolf Hitler, Charles Manson and every other criminally insane person.

I've rewritten this article for neutrality. For the most part, those groups seem to be correct.

As for your list of persons they seem to ignore, I should note that most of them are portrayed as anything but neutral. Hitler, for example, can be said to be following through by what he was raised as during childhood -- there was a lot of turmoil during his childhood, and Jews were frequently blamed. This does not excuse his actions, merely points out that he wasn't criminally insane or necessarily an overtly evil character if one were to meet him in real life he would appear to be quite normal. His actions, misguided and wrong as they were, did not occur because of an inherent desire for death. From what we know, they came about because of some wrong ideas he had, and not due to an inherent desire for violence. He didn't necessarily enjoy the actual violent aspect of it, merely the end result of such actions. Manson did not receive a fair trial, as noted in a variety of books, and much of the popular information about him is false. This does not excuse their actions, I merely point out that a biased hatred (even if this hatred is reasonable) is not a basis for fact.

That being said, until extensive research can be shown that dispels criminal insanity, their arguments should not be presented as fact.

-- Harpalus

Needs more work
I believe this article is factually incorrect, as "criminally insane" used in legal jargon as different from "not guilty on the grounds of insanity", but I'm not sure what the distinction is. Criminality implies guilty mind (mens rea) while insanity implies out of one's mind.--Jack Upland 09:03, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Question value of article
The term "criminally insane" calls for a definition not an encyclopedia article. On the other hand, an article on "Insanity under/in Criminal Law" would be valuable if written by a knowledgeable contributor. I would recommend deleting this rather discursive article and starting from scratch. soverman 20:04 22 Feb 2006 (UTC)

I agree. This article reads like a magazine sidebar, not an entry in an encyclopedia. Deleting this article would free up a space, put the linked term "criminally insane" in red, prompting someone who actually knows something about jurisprudence and legal terminology to contribute useful information. The article as it stands now is one of the most deficient and least informative of any I've read on wikipedia. No offense. intelligentlife 2006

This is all about fictional works and their steryotypes of the criminaly insaine, not what, legaly, criminaly insaine means.

title: Talk:Criminally insane


text:
Anichini

Anichini is a quite common Florentine surname from Annichini di Bongarden, Deutch "Freelance Mercenary" in 1300, and may refer to:

 * Assunta Anichini, Florentine children's clothing tailored brand
 * Luigi Anichini, Ferrara engraver
 * Cezary Anichini (1787-1861), Polish-Italian architect

title: Anichini


text:
Talk:Badwater Ultramarathon

Link to Amazon
I removed the link to Amazon hidden under "known as Death Valley 300". I'm not keen enough with wiki to figure out who put it there, but keen enough to know that such advertisement breaks several rules of the wikipedia.

132.183.56.49 (talk) 19:11, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
The United States Forest Service regulations do not bar competitive events on USFS land, see the Western States Endurance Run. Is it because Whitney Portal is so busy that USFS no longer allows the race to continue to the summit...? Sanguinity 20:47, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * : "In days of old the race finished at the top of Mt Whitney, but Forest Service restrictions on holding races there now prohibit that."
 * : "In 1989, the U.S. Forest Service forced the race to end at Whitney Portal, elevation 8,360 feet – something about not holding athletic competitions in designated wilderness areas."

Of course, neither is a very reliable source. Maybe the Mount Whitney trail is considered "designated wilderness" and the Western States Trail is not. --Itinerant1 21:40, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

I just got confirmation from someone associated with the race -- you're right, it's because of the John Muir Wilderness that the competitive race no longer goes to the summit. Sanguinity 18:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Incorrect temperature claim
I removed the following text:
 * The air-temperature that day was reported at 139 F (59 C).

It seems like I've been adding {{fact}} and {{dubious}} to articles all day, but this one deserves to be removed. This temperature is above any official temperature ever recorded in Death Valley or on Earth. Ufwuct 22:47, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * See temperature extremes.

"...only temperatures recorded four feet (1.2 metres) or higher above the ground, and in the shade, are admissible..." -- hello, i'm a member  |  talk to me!  21:41, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Observed vs. recorded temperatures
Official temperature records have to be in the shade and at a certain height (and above a certain color background, to be accurate, since very white sand reflects differently even in shade than darker colors, etc) - but observed temperatures can be documented by anyone who wnats to. A reliable source, such as a park ranger or a published geologist who is taking various measurements (like the ones from 1961) should do. Citations, of course - but the government doesn't own methods of assessing temperature.

Pictures of thermometers held by neutral parties such as race officials or journalists should also count as observations.--Levalley (talk) 03:37, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Chris Moon
What about disabled Chris Moon? Firsto (talk) 09:16, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Deaths?
Ok this really needs to be added to the article. Everyone knows how the words Marathon came to place and why its called that so one can only assume that the longest run in the worst conditions imaginable (super hot) would result in deaths/.

Anybody have info, if my some crazy chance there wasnt any, that should very much be noted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.30.143.5 (talk) 22:11, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Badwater Ultramarathon


text:
Staphylococcus caprae

Staphylococcus caprae is a Gram-positive, coccus bacteria and a member of the genus Staphylococcus. S. caprae is coagulase-negative. It was originally isolated from goats (caprae means "of a goat"), but members of this species have also been isolated from human samples.

Clinical importance
Staphylococcus caprae occurs as a commensal on human skin, but has also been implicated in infections of the bloodstream, urinary tract, bones, and joints. Because S. caprae is difficult to identify definitively in the laboratory, according to a study in 2014, the incidence of S. caprae in humans is under-reported.

Literature and further reading
It is a coagulase-negative, DNase-positive member of the genus Staphylococcus. Usually it is associated with goats. Since 1991, a few laboratories reported that they had isolated the organism from human clinical specimens. It is now an emerging microorganism in joint and bone infections in humans.

Staphylococcus caprae was first described in 1983 by Devisee et al. based on a strain isolated from goat milk. It can sometimes cause mastitis in the goats, and it is considered a commensal organism for the goats’ skin and mammary glands. It has been reported as a pathogen for humans acquired at hospitals, mostly in bone and joint infections. There have also been studies on S. caprae causing sepsis in clinical settings.

title: Staphylococcus caprae


text:
User:Apanguluri

Hello. I am an aspiring Wikipedia member, hope to contribute to the body of knowledge where I can. http://www.enthu.com

title: User:Apanguluri


text: User talk:81.178.116.119

title: User talk:81.178.116.119


text:
Hybrid airship

A hybrid airship is a powered aircraft that obtains some of its lift as a lighter-than-air (LTA) airship and some from aerodynamic lift as a heavier-than-air aerodyne.

A dynastat is a hybrid airship with fixed wings and/or a lifting body and is typically intended for long-endurance flights. It requires forward flight to create the aerodynamic lift component.

A rotastat is a hybrid airship with rotary wings and is typically intended for heavy lift applications. Its rotary wings can provide lift even when hovering or manoeuvring vertically, like a helicopter.

No production designs have been built, but several crewed and uncrewed prototypes have flown.

The term "hybrid airship" has also been used to describe an airship comprising a mix of rigid, semi-rigid, and non-rigid construction.

Features
Conventional airships have low operating costs because they need no engine power to remain airborne, but are limited in several ways, including low payload/volume ratios and low speeds. Additionally, ground handling of an airship can be difficult. Because it is floating, in even a light breeze it is susceptible to wind buffeting.

On the other hand, heavier-than-air aircraft, or aerodynes, especially rotorcraft, require the constant use of power to generate lift, and conventional airplanes also require runways.

The hybrid airship combines the airship's aerostatic lift, from a lighter-than-air gas such as helium, with the heavier-than-air craft's dynamic lift from movement through the air. Such a hybrid craft is still heavier than air, which makes it similar in some ways to a conventional aircraft. The dynamic lift may be provided by helicopter-like rotary wings (the rotastat), or a lift-producing shape similar to a lifting body combined with horizontal thrust (the dynastat), or a combination of the two.

Hybrid airships are intended to fill the middle ground between the low operating cost and low speeds of traditional airships and the higher speed but higher fuel consumption of heavier-than-air craft. By combining dynamic and buoyant lift, hybrids are intended to provide improved airspeed, air-cargo payload capacity and (in some types) hovering capability compared to a pure airship, while having longer endurance and greater lifting capacity compared to a pure aerodyne.

Hybrid aircraft technology is claimed to allow a wider range of flight-performance optimizations ranging from significantly heavier than air to near buoyant. This perception of uncommon dynamic flight range when coupled with an appropriate landing system is claimed to allow ultra heavy and affordable airlift transportation.

Design
Compared to a conventional airship, the hybrid can be made smaller and does not need to carry ballast for altitude control, while compared to a heavier-than-air craft the hybrid requires either a smaller rotor or a shorter runway.

Where the dynastat is seen as more promising in the longer-distance passenger and freight roles, the rotastat is anticipated to be more suitable as a "flying crane" able to lift heavy external loads for shorter distances.

Some airships employ thrust vectoring, typically using pivoted ducted fan propulsors, to provide additional lift when the engine thrust is no longer needed for forward propulsion. Once airspeed is gained, the craft can use body lift to help carry a load greater than its aerostatic lift capacity alone. However, such airships are not usually regarded as hybrids.

Dynastats
The dynastat obtains additional lift by flying through the air. Configurations studied have included using deltoid (triangular), lenticular (circular), or flattened hulls, or adding a fixed wing.

Some early airships were fitted with wing planes, with the intention of providing additional dynamic lift. However, the added lift of planes can be less efficient than simply increasing the volume of the airship. At low air speeds, of 60 mph or less, the increase in lift obtained by the use of planes on an airship would require a disproportionate increase in engine power and fuel consumption compared to increasing the size of the gas bags. Moreover, the attachment of flying surfaces to the airship's envelope would require significant structural strengthening, with attendant weight gain.

Conventional airships often make use of aerodynamic lift by using their elevators to set a nose-up attitude so that the main body of the airship provides some lift as it flies along; however, this is typically done to counteract minor out-of-trim conditions, and it is as likely that the nose may need to be pointed down to reduce lift.

Some Hybrid designs, such as the Lockheed Martin LMZ1M (follow on to the Lockheed Martin P-791 test vehicle), use a flattened or multi-lobed hull to increase the aerodynamic lift obtainable. The aerodynamic approach is similar to that of a lifting body aircraft, although the airspeeds involved are much lower. Attainable dynamic-lift-to-drag ratios are significantly below those of efficient fixed wings, in part because induced drag increases with decreasing aspect ratio. As a result, the lift comes at a higher drag penalty than when using wings. On the other hand, compared to a helicopter, the dynastat has better fuel efficiency within a given speed range.

Another issue arises during takeoff and landing, when, in calmer conditions, the airspeed may be too low to provide sufficient aerodynamic lift. For this reason, the dynastat is often conceived of as a STOL rather than VTOL aircraft, requiring a shorter runway than a conventional airplane.

Rotastats
The rotastat obtains additional lift from powered rotors, similarly to a helicopter. Single-, twin-, and four-rotor designs have all been studied.

Early examples in the inter-war period included designs by Oehmichen and Zodiac. These used the rotors for vertical control only, with additional powered propellers for forward flight, as in the gyrocopter.

In more recent times, the experimental Piasecki PA-97 "Helistat" attached four helicopter airframes to a helium blimp, while the SkyHook JHL-40 remains a project. Typically, aerostatic lift is sufficient to support the weight of the craft itself, while, when a load is carried, the rotors provide additional lift as required.

Gliding under gravity
If an airship does not have enough lift, it will sink under gravity. By angling the nose down, this can lead to a gliding forward flight just like a conventional glider. If an airship has excess lift, it will rise. By angling the nose up, this can also lead to forward movement. In this way, an airship which periodically alternates its buoyancy between positive and negative, while adjusting its attitude accordingly, can gain almost continuous aerodynamic forward thrust. Thus, flight proceeds in a leisurely vertical zig-zag pattern. Because no energy is consumed directly in creating thrust, the principle allows for flights of long duration, although at slow speeds. The proposed Hunt GravityPlane is a hybrid airship designed to take full advantage of gravity gliding.

The principle also works underwater, where it is used operationally in the underwater glider.

Historically, this principle of aerial navigation, under the name of Wellenflug (wavy flight) was first formulated and experimentally tested in the year 1899 by Konstantin Danilewsky in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and described in detail in his book

Early hybrids
Gliding under gravity dates from the period during and shortly after the American Civil War, when Solomon Andrews built two such airships. The first of these, Aereon, used three individual cigar shaped balloons rigged together in a flat plane; the second, Aereon #2, employed a single "lemon-shaped" balloon. Andrews' Aereons were propelled by angling the balloons upward and dropping ballast, then process was then reversed with the balloons being angled downward and large quantities of lifting gas being vented.

In 1905 Alberto Santos-Dumont conducted various experiments with his first airplane, the Santos-Dumont 14-bis, prior to attempting to fly it for the first time. These included hanging it from a steel cable and towing it, and subsequently hanging it beneath the envelope of a previously built airship (Number 14) - akin to learning to swim with "water wings". The combined craft was unusable, and was broken up, being referred to as "a monstrous hybrid". After these "rehearsals" were completed, Santos-Dumont made the first public demonstration of a heavier-than-air aircraft in Europe.

In 1907 the British Army Dirigible No 1 (named Nulli Secundus) first flew. It used aerodynamic surfaces for attitude control in flight, and for its first flight was also fitted with large wings amidships. The wings were intended to aid stability rather than provide lift and were removed for all subsequent flights. The use of dynamic lift by pitching the nose of the airship up or down was also recognised and practised on this airship.

In June 1907 Alberto Santos Dumont constructed his No. 16, described by l'Aérophile as an appareil mixte. This had a 99 m3 envelope but was too heavy to fly without supplementary lift supplied by a 4 m wing surface. It was tested without success on 8 June 1907.

Modern hybrids
The Aereon 26 was an aircraft which made its first flight in 1971. It was a small-scale prototype of the hybrid Airship Aereon Dynairship and part of the "TIGER" project. But it was never built due to lack of market for a hybrid airship.

In 1984 the AeroLift CycloCrane helistat flew briefly.

The 1986 Piasecki PA-97 Helistat experimental design combined four helicopters with a blimp in an attempt to create a heavy-lift vehicle for forestry work. It broke up at the end of its first flight.

The SkyCat or "Sky Catamaran" vehicular technology is a hybrid aircraft amalgamation; a scale version at 12 meters called "SkyKitten", built by the Advanced Technologies Group Ltd, flew in 2000. The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated the Walrus Hybrid Ultra Large Aircraft program in 2005, a technology development initiative focused on ultra heavy air lift technology explorations. The program was terminated in 2007.

In 2006, the Lockheed Martin P-791 underwent uncrewed flight tests. It was an unsuccessful candidate for the military Long Endurance Multi-intelligence Vehicle program even though it was the only successful Hybrid Airship to have ever flown until 7 August 2016.

In 2008, Boeing announced that it was teaming up with SkyHook to develop a heavy duty lifting vehicle, the SkyHook JHL-40 Boeing subsequently shelved the project.

The Hybrid Air Vehicles HAV 304 was built for the US Army Long Endurance Multi-intelligence Vehicle (LEMV) program. It flew successfully for 90 minutes in August 2012. Following cancellation of the LEMV project, Hybrid Air Vehicles re-purchased the HAV 304 vehicle and brought it back to the UK. It has been refurbished and renamed the Airlander 10. On August 17, 2016, the Airlander 10 had its first successful test flight outside the Cardington Hangars at RAF Cardington. Chief Test Pilot Dave Burns said in a statement "It was privilege to fly the Airlander for the first time and it flew wonderfully. I’m really excited about getting it airborne. It flew like a dream." Over 200 more flight hours are needed for full certification.

Airlander 10 completed design certification testing before being written off when it came loose from its moorings in a high wind on 18 November 2017 at Cardington Airfield.

Other current projects
A Canadian start-up, Solar Ship, Inc., is developing solar powered hybrid airships that can run on solar power alone. The idea is to create a viable platform that can travel anywhere in the world delivering cold medical supplies and other necessitates to locations in Africa and Northern Canada without needing any kind of fuel or infrastructure. The hope is that technology developments in solar cells and the large surface area provided by the hybrid airship are enough to make a practical solar powered aircraft. Some key features of the Solarship are that it can fly on aerodynamic lift alone without any lifting gas, and the solar cells along with the large volume of the envelope allow the hybrid airship to be reconfigured into a mobile shelter that can recharge batteries and other equipment.

The Hunt GravityPlane (not to be confused with the ground-based gravity plane) is a proposed gravity-powered glider by Hunt Aviation in the US. It also has aerofoil wings, improving its lift-drag ratio and making it more efficient. The GravityPlane requires a large size in order to obtain a large enough volume-to-weight ratio to support this wing structure, and no example has yet been built. Unlike a powered glider, the GravityPlane does not consume power during the climbing phase of flight. It does however consume power at the points where it changes its buoyancy between positive and negative values. Hunt claim that this can nevertheless improve the energy efficiency of the craft, similar to the improved energy efficiency of underwater gliders over conventional methods of propulsion. Hunt suggest that the low power consumption should allow the craft to harvest sufficient energy to stay aloft indefinitely. The conventional approach to this requirement is the use of solar panels in a solar-powered aircraft. Hunt has proposed two alternative approaches. One is to use a wind turbine and harvest energy from the airflow generated by the gliding motion, the other is a thermal cycle to extract energy from the differences in air temperature at different altitudes.

title: Hybrid airship


text:
Love Makes the World Go 'Round (1961 song)

"Love Makes the World Go 'Round" is a popular song written by Bob Merrill for the 1961 Broadway musical Carnival!. The song is also known as "Theme From Carnival".

Background
Carnival!'s equivalent of "Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo", the signature song from the musical's parent film Lili, "Love Makes the World Go 'Round" is played on a concertina at the play's opening and is later sung by the characters Lili and Paul Berthalet, with the latter being concealed while his puppets apparently sing.

In scoring Carnival!, Bob Merrill had hoped to utilize French folk music as his touchstone, eschewing the conventional Tin Pan Alley style of song predominant in Broadway shows. During the development phase of Carnival!, Gower Champion and Michael Stewart – respectively set to direct the musical and write its book – would visit Merrill's apartment every morning and leave each afternoon disappointed by the lack of any evident hit song in the proposed score Merrill had played for them. When seeing out Champion and Stewart one afternoon, Merrill became irate at his visitors' attitude, telling them: "While you're waiting for this f**king elevator I can write the song I know you want" and improvising a tune reminiscent of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Carousel Waltz". Whether or not Merrill was making a serious song pitch, Champion and Stewart's response to Merrill's impromptu composition was so positive as to demand its development into a full show tune for Carnival!, the result being "Love Makes the World Go 'Round".

Recordings

 * Jane Morgan released a single of "Love Makes the World Go 'Round" which served as the title cut of her August 1961 album release on the Kapp label. Jane's version did well in several major markets throughout the United States.
 * The Everly Brothers recorded the song for their album Instant Party!.
 * Al Hirt released a version on his 1962 album, Horn A-Plenty, and on his 1965 album The Best of Al Hirt
 * Bing Crosby recorded the song for his album Bing Crosby's Treasury - The Songs I Love (1968 version).
 * "Love Makes the World Go 'Round" has been recorded by Ann-Margret and Wayne Newton, among others.


text:
The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries

The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries is an American animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation which aired from September 9, 1995 to February 5, 2000 on Kids' WB. The final episode, containing the segments "The Tail End?" and "This Is the End", was never shown on Kids' WB, not premiering until December 18, 2002, when the show aired in reruns on Cartoon Network. 52 episodes were produced.

Premise
The show follows Looney Tunes characters Sylvester and Tweety, along with their owner Granny and bulldog Hector (Sylvester's foil in many 1950s era shorts, here given a redesign similar to Marc Antony), as they solved mysteries around the world. Sylvester, of course, is still trying to eat Tweety in the meantime, with Hector acting as the bird's bodyguard. The first season was dedicated to the memory of Friz Freleng, Warner Bros. animator and original creator of the Sylvester and Tweety shorts, who had died at age 88 shortly before the series premiered. The show originally consisted of one case per 23 minute episode, however starting with the second season, the show consisted of two separate 11-minute mysteries.

Other Looney Tunes characters make cameo appearances, including Daffy Duck, Yosemite Sam, Elmer Fudd, the Tasmanian Devil, Pepé Le Pew, Beaky Buzzard, Babbit and Catstello, Hubie and Bertie, Foghorn Leghorn, Witch Hazel, Michigan J. Frog, Rocky and Mugsy, Marvin the Martian, Hippety Hopper, Gossamer, Count Blood Count, Sam Sheepdog, Cecil Turtle, Nasty Canasta, the Crusher, Pete Puma, Merlin the Magic Mouse, the Goofy Gophers, Hugo the Abominable Snowman, and the Road Runner. The latter-day Warner Bros. character, Cool Cat, also appears in some form of cameo in almost every episode, and his nemesis, Colonel Rimfire, makes several appearances. Bugs Bunny, Lola Bunny, Porky Pig, Speedy Gonzales, and Wile E. Coyote are the only most prominent characters to not appear in the series.

The final episode of the series never aired on Kids' WB, but did air on Cartoon Network on December 18, 2002.

Characters

 * Sylvester (voiced by Joe Alaskey) acts as narrator throughout the episodes, and continually tries to devour Tweety for his supper, though he is always thwarted by Hector or Tweety's craftiness. Despite their never-ending feud, the pair manage to get along for the most part, and Sylvester will defend Tweety when someone else tries to harm the canary. Sylvester also unwittingly discovers many clues, claiming as the narrator to have knowledge of the case (though this is probably bluster). Besides chasing Tweety, Sylvester often explores the surroundings, leading him to sometimes be in awkward situations (i.e. being chased by a male cousin of Pepe Le Pew, Pitu Le Pew or using Granny's umbrella to pierce a villain's blimp). Through these situations, the baritone and tenor singing, lisping Tuxedo cat endures all manner of pain and suffering, but comes out none the worse for wear. Sylvester is allergic to wool and is jealous of Tweety.
 * Tweety (voiced by Joe Alaskey) is a cute but mischievous yellow canary. Tweety is often trying to escape Sylvester by foiling him through either his flying, clever timing, or his bodyguard, Hector. Tweety usually stays with Granny and is responsible for some major clues. Despite his feud with Sylvester, the pair will team up if Granny is threatened and can work together very well. Tweety also serves as a source of ironic humor at times, usually in reference to Sylvester's foiled attempts to eat him. The show also harks back to Tweety's earlier shorts by Bob Clampett (in fact, Tweety meets his old self in the episode Seeing Double, depicted as a separate character called Orson, Tweety's prototype) and he is not above malice towards "dat bad old putty tat".
 * Granny (voiced by June Foray) is a practical old fashioned world-renowned detective. Granny travels the globe with Sylvester and Tweety, attending events such as races or canary contest and is often called upon by the locals to solve a crime. However, there have been attempts to frame Granny, causing some difficulty in finding clues. She is overprotective of Tweety, and will not hesitate to give Sylvester a good whack on the head. She sometimes calls upon the cat to investigate clues or defend the group while they sleep, though, showing signs of obvious trust. Granny is good natured mostly, but can become stern. With Granny as the main detective of the show, she bears similarity to Miss Marple.
 * Hector (voiced by Frank Welker) is Granny's pet bulldog and Tweety's bodyguard. Hector (Mr Bees) keeps Sylvester from eating the canary and will often beat him up if he gets in his way. Hector will defend Granny, Tweety or even Sylvester if threatened, but is not above stealing food or trying to please others.
 * Cool Cat is the most mysterious character in this cartoon. Appears in most (or even all) episodes in one form or another. He is more of a kind of Easter egg than a full-fledged character, since he does not play an important role.

Home media
On September 9, 2008, Warner Home Video released The Complete First Season of The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries on DVD in Region 1. This release comes exactly 13 years since the premiere of the show. No further DVD releases have been announced. Three episodes from season 1 are included as bonus features in the direct-to-video film King Tweety.

Awards and nominations
The series was nominated multiple times for a Daytime Emmy Award in the category Special Class Animated Program. The series won two Annie Awards in the category of voice acting for June Foray in the role of Granny.

Legacy
On February 17, 2021, it was announced Tweety would have starred in Tweety Mysteries, similar in concept to The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries except that the series would have been a live-action/animation hybrid and would have aired on Cartoon Network. However, the series was scrapped in December 2022.

In May 2023, reruns of the series started airing on the Warner Bros. Discovery/Hasbro Entertainment-co-owned TV network Discovery Family.

title: The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries


text: Category:RAW Diva Search Contestants

title: Category:RAW Diva Search Contestants


text:
Alison Elliot

Alison Elliot CBE FRSE (born 27 November 1948) is an honorary fellow at New College, Edinburgh. She was the former Associate Director of the Centre for Theology and Public Issues at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. In 2004 she became the first woman ever to be elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. An elder and session clerk at Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh, she was also the first non-minister to hold this post since George Buchanan in 1567.

Background and education
Alison Elliot was born in Edinburgh in 1948. She was educated at Bathgate Academy, the University of Edinburgh and the University of Sussex.

Career
Her professional career is in psychology, but her public profile has been chiefly through her church work. She was Research Associate in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh 1973–1974, then lecturer in psychology at the University of Lancaster 1974–1976 and at the University of Edinburgh 1977–1985. She is the author of two publications: Child Language (1981) and The Miraculous Everyday (2005).

She served as Convener of the Committee on Church and Nation of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1996–2000, as well as Session Clerk at Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh. She was involved in building ecumenical relations, and was a member of the Central Committee of the Conference of European Churches (CEC) 2003-2009 (and also moderated CEC's Assembly held in Lyon, France, in July 2009). She played a key role in Action of Churches Together in Scotland. In 2004 she was elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and was the first woman to be elected to that post. The OBE was conferred upon her for her ecumenical work.

In 2016, she became only the third person to receive the Scottish Public Service Awards' Lifetime Achievement Award.

She is a founding board member of the Palestine Festival of Literature. Since 2007 she has been Convener of the Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations.

In 2018 she became General Secretary of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, of which she has been a Fellow since 2008.

Family
She is married to John Elliot; they live in Edinburgh. They have two children.

Artistic recognition
In 2004 the Scottish National Portrait Gallery commissioned a portrait of Elliot by Jennifer McRae.

title: Alison Elliot


text:
David A. Kolb

David Allen Kolb (born December 12, 1939, in Moline, Illinois) is an American educational theorist whose interests and publications focus on experiential learning, the individual and social change, career development, and executive and professional education. He is the founder and chairman of Experience Based Learning Systems, Inc. (EBLS), and an Emeritus Professor of Organizational Behavior in the Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

Kolb earned his BA from Knox College in 1961 and his MA and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1964 and 1967 respectively, in social psychology.

Experiential learning
In the early 1970s, Kolb and Ron Fry (now both at the Weatherhead School of Management) developed the Experiential Learning Model (ELM), composed of four elements:
 * concrete experience,
 * observation of and reflection on that experience,
 * formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection,
 * testing the new concepts,
 * (repeat).

These four elements are the essence of a spiral of learning that can begin with any one of the four elements, but typically begins with a concrete experience.

While this model is used widely in fields such as management education, it has been criticised for its inflexibility and over-simplification.

Learning Style Inventory
Kolb is renowned in educational circles for his Learning Style Inventory (LSI). His model is built upon the idea that learning preferences can be described using two continuums: The result is four types of learners: converger (Active experimentation - Abstract conceptualization), accommodator (Active experimentation - Concrete experience), assimilator (Reflective observation - Abstract conceptualization), and diverger (Reflective observation - Concrete experience). The LSI is designed to determine an individual's learning preference.
 * Active experimentation ↔ Reflective observation
 * Abstract conceptualization ↔ Concrete experience.

title: David A. Kolb


text:
USS Conestoga (AT-54)

The second USS Conestoga (SP-1128/AT-54) was an ocean-going tug in the United States Navy. Commissioned in 1917, it disappeared in the Pacific Ocean in 1921. The fate of the vessel was a mystery until its wreck was positively identified in 2016.

Construction
The tug was built for the Philadelphia and Reading Railway as the Conestoga in 1904 by Maryland Steel Company, Sparrows Point, Maryland. She was purchased on 14 September 1917 for World War I duty and designated SP-1128. She was commissioned on 10 November 1917.

Service history
Assigned to the Submarine Force, Conestoga carried out towing duties along the Atlantic coast, transported supplies and guns, escorted convoys to Bermuda and the Azores, and cruised with the American Patrol Detachment in the vicinity of the Azores. At the end of the war she was attached to Naval Base No. 13, Azores, from which she towed disabled ships and escorted convoys until her arrival at New York on 26 September 1919. She was then assigned to harbor tug duty in the 5th Naval District at Norfolk, Virginia.

Conestoga (which had received the hull number AT-54 in July 1920) went to the Pacific in late 1920. She was at San Diego, California, and Mare Island, California, during the first three months of 1921. On 25 March of that year, the tug steamed out of Mare Island, with a barge of coal sailing via Pearl Harbor to take up an assignment as station ship at Tutuila, American Samoa.

Commanded by Lt. Ernest Larkin Jones, Conestoga was not heard from again. Despite an extensive search, the only trace found of her at the time of her loss was a lifeboat bearing the initial letter of her name found near Manzanillo, Mexico.

Rediscovery

Her wreck was discovered in 2009, as an unidentified shipwreck in the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, a few miles from Southeast Farallon Island, just off the coast of San Francisco, California. In October 2015, a joint NOAA and Navy mission confirmed the wreck was the Conestoga and on 23 March 2016, 95 years after the ship was lost, a formal announcement was made. The shipwreck was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

title: USS Conestoga (AT-54)


text:
Hazcam

Hazcams (short for hazard avoidance cameras) are photographic cameras mounted on the front and rear of NASA's Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity and Perseverance rover missions to Mars and on the lower front portion of Chinese Yutu rover mission to the Moon.

Overview
The Curiosity rover's hazcams are sensitive to visible light and return black and white images of resolution 1024 × 1024 pixels. These images are used by the rovers' internal computer to autonomously navigate around hazards. Due to their positioning on both sides of the rovers, simultaneous images taken by either both front or both rear cameras can be used to produce a 3D map of the immediate surroundings. As the cameras are fixed (i.e. can not move independently of the rover), they have a wide field of view (approximately 120° both horizontally and vertically) to allow a large amount of terrain to be visible.

They are considered engineering cameras since they were not designed to be used for scientific experiments. The other set of engineering cameras on the rovers are the navcams.

The safe landing of the Mars Science Laboratory was initially confirmed using the vehicle's hazcams.

The Perseverance cameras are qualified to operate in temperatures at the poles of Mars and image correctly over a 100 °C (212 °F) temperature range.

title: Hazcam


text:
Paul Keene

Paul Keene may refer to:

 * Paul K. Keene (1910–2005), organic farmer
 * Paul F. Keene Jr. (1920–2009), artist and teacher

title: Paul Keene


text:
Urraca of Portugal

Urraca of Portugal (1148 – 1211) was the queen of León from 1165 until 1175 as the wife of King Ferdinand II. She was the daughter of the first Portuguese king, Afonso I, and the mother of Alfonso IX. After her marriage to Ferdinand was annulled, the former queen became a nun.

Family
Urraca was born in Coimbra in 1148. She was the daughter of Afonso I, the first king of Portugal, and Maud of Savoy. She had several siblings, including Sancho I. In May or June 1165, Urraca married Ferdinand II of León. The only son of this marriage, Alfonso IX, was born in Zamora on 15 August 1171. The marriage of Ferdinand II and Urraca was annulled in 1175 by Pope Alexander III because the two were second cousins, great-grandchildren of Alfonso VI of León and Castile.

Monasticism
After the annulment of her marriage, Urraca became a nun, joining the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. She retired to live in the estates that her former husband had given her in the Carta de Arras (wedding tokens) in Zamora. Later, she resided in the Monastery of Santa María de Wamba, which belonged to the aforementioned order.

On 25 May 1176, Queen Urraca donated land and villas to the Order of Saint John, probably coinciding with her joining the order. These properties included Castroverde de Campos and Mansilla in León, and Salas and San Andrés in Asturias. She was present in 1188 at the coronation of her son Alfonso IX, who succeeded his father Ferdinand II on 22 January 1188. On 4 May in that same year, she and her son confirmed the privileges granted by Ferdinand II to the Order of Santiago. Her presence is registered for the last time in medieval charters in 1211, when she donated the village of Castrotoraf, which she had received from Ferdinand in 1165 as a wedding gift, to the Cathedral of Zamora.

Death
Queen Urraca died in Wamba, Valladolid, in 1211. She was buried at the Monastery of Santa María de Wamba in what is now the province of Valladolid. St Mary's, the former monastic church and the only part remaining of the ancient monastery, contains the Chapel of the Queen: a plaque that was placed there subsequently mentions that Queen Urraca had been interred in this church.

title: Urraca of Portugal


text:
User talk:Dania

Articles for deletion nomination of Internet Art movies
I have nominated Internet Art movies, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Internet Art movies. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. —Remember the dot (talk) 19:37, 30 May 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Phaedon Anastasiades for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Phaedon Anastasiades is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Phaedon Anastasiades until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Epeefleche (talk) 07:12, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dania


text: User talk:65.210.196.146

title: User talk:65.210.196.146


text:
Ascapart

Ascapart (also spelled Ascupart, Ascapard, Ascopard, Ascopart and Asgapard) was a legendary giant from English folklore, supposedly conquered by Bevis of Hampton, though so huge as to carry Bevis, his wife, and horse under his arm. He was 30 feet tall but the smallest of his land, and was defeated after his club (made from a whole tree) was swung at Sir Bevis and became stuck in soft ground. Rather than slaying the giant however, Sir Bevis decided to make him his Squire. Later Ascapart betrayed Bevis and took his wife Josiane, who was imprisoned with Ascapart as her jailer. For this Ascapart was killed by Bevis' friends when they freed Josiane.

In later adaptations of the legend, Ascapard becomes a giant half-man half-dog and his name becomes Pelucan (also Pulicane, Pulican, Pelukan). In the Russian version of the tale, Bova Korolevich, the character becomes Polkan, a centaur.

The name Ascapard may refer to "A desert people of the near east" according to the Middle English Dictionary.

Alongside the story of Bevis of Hampton, the giant appears in the local folklore of Hampshire and the New Forest; large medieval paintings of Sir Bevis and Ascupart can be found in the Southampton Bargate Monument Gallery (apparently 17th century restorations of early 14th century originals).

David Foster Wallace coined the adjective ascapartic in his novel Infinite Jest, in reference to this giant.

title: Ascapart


text:
Dodge Omni 024

The Dodge Omni 024 was a modified version of the popular Dodge Omni made from 1979 to 1982. Analogous to the VW Scirocco, this car was a lower, sportier three-door hatchback coupé version of the Chrysler/Simca Horizon, using the five-door hatchback's floor pan and chassis as a basis. The cars were designed in-house at the prompting of Lee Iacocca.

It used the same chassis and engine options as the Omni but had unique bodywork and front end styling. The base engine was a 1.7 L Volkswagen inline four producing 70 hp, with a 2.2 L, 84 hp Chrysler inline four as an option beginning in 1981. By then, the smaller engine only produced 63 hp. For the first year, the car had a folding back seat and the wheels were painted in the exterior color. The car's looks promised more performance than the engine could deliver, and the car was not as practical as the Omni. Both the Omni and Horizon prefixes were dropped for 1981, making them the "024" and "TC3", respectively.

The 024 did not sell well and was renamed as the Dodge Charger for the 1983 model year, a name which had been gradually introduced as part of a special "Charger 2.2" package beginning in 1981. The 024 had also been produced as the Plymouth Horizon TC3. It, too, was renamed in the 1983 model year: to the Plymouth Turismo. The "Turismo" label had already been used on a sport package beginning in 1980.

In its last year, the 024 and TC3 served as a base for the Dodge Rampage and Plymouth Scamp pick-up trucks using the same chassis, powertrain and body parts from the doors forward.

In 1980 the Plymouth Horizon TC3 also became available with the Turismo sport package. For the Dodge Omni 024 this was called the DeTomaso package, with De Tomaso designed trim and wheels but the standard drivetrain. 1,333 De Tomaso 024's were built in 1980, followed by 619 more in 1981. The 1981 De Tomasos were only available with the new 2.2 litre engine.

Also in 1980, in cooperation with Chrysler partner Mitsubishi, the Chrysler Omni 024 was briefly sold in Japan. It was available for two years at Mitsubishi dealerships and it complied with Japanese Government dimension regulations. It didn't sell well, with only 1491 finding Japanese buyers.

title: Dodge Omni 024


text:
Lorenz von Stein

Lorenz von Stein (18 November 1815 – 23 September 1890) was a German economist, sociologist, and public administration scholar from Eckernförde. As an advisor to Meiji period Japan, his liberal    political views influenced the wording of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan as well as major constitutional thinkers such as Rudolf von Gneist.

According to Colin Gordon, Stein articulated a "vision of a liberal state as active historic partner in the making of civil society" and called for "a tabling of the question of class formation as part of the state's agenda." Stein advocated a combination of constitutional liberal state with a welfare state, and has been called the "intellectual father of the welfare state. Stein and other Hegelian liberals, such as Robert von Mohl, also had a profound influence on American progressivism.

Biography
Stein was born in the seaside town of Borby in Eckernförde in Schleswig-Holstein as Wasmer Jacob Lorentz. He studied philosophy and jurisprudence at the universities of Kiel and Jena from 1835–1839, and at the University of Paris from 1841–1842. Between 1846 and 1851 Stein was an associate professor at the University of Kiel. He participated in the 1848 Revolutions and ran for election as a member of the Frankfurt Parliament. His advocacy of independence for his native Schleswig, then part of Denmark, led to his dismissal in 1852.

In 1848, Stein published a book entitled Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848) in which he introduced the term "social movement" into scholarly discussions—depicting actually in this way political movements fighting for the social rights understood as the welfare rights.

This theme was repeated in 1850, when Stein published a book titled History of the French Social Movements from 1789 to the Present (1850). For Stein, the social movement was basically understood as a movement from society to the state, created by the inequalities in the economy, making the proletariat part of politics through representation. The book was translated into the English by Kaethe Mengelberg and published by Bedminster Press in 1964 (Cahman, 1966)

From 1855, until his retirement in 1885, von Stein was a professor of Political economy at the University of Vienna. His work from that period is considered as the basis of the international science of public administration. He also influenced the practice of public finance.

In 1882, Japanese Prime Minister of Japan Itō Hirobumi headed a delegation to Europe to study western governmental systems. The delegation went first to Berlin, where they were instructed by Rudolf von Gneist, and then Vienna, where Stein was lecturing at the University of Vienna. As with Gneist, Stein's message to the Japanese delegation was that universal suffrage and party politics should be avoided. Stein held that the state was above society, and that the purpose of the state was to bring about social reform, which was implemented from the monarchy down to the common people.

However, Stein is best known for the fact that he applied Hegel's dialectic to the area of public administration and the national economy, in order to improve the systematics of these sciences, although he did not neglect the historical aspects.

Stein analyzed the class state of his time and compared it with the welfare state. He outlined an economic interpretation of history that included concepts of the proletariat and of class struggle, but he shared the fear of violent revolution common among middle-class liberals and advocated reformist solutions instead. He gave emphasis to the "Social Question" that the industrial worker in a capitalist country has no chance to acquire property and capital by work, which was to be addressed by a program of welfare state and social administration arranged according to the liberal principle of free and equal individual chances.

Despite a similarity of his ideas with those of Marxism, the extent of Stein's influence on Karl Marx is uncertain. However, Marx shows by scattered remarks on von Stein that he was aware of his highly influential book from 1842 on communist thought in France. For instance in The German Ideology (1845–46), Stein is mentioned, but only as the writer of his 1842 book.

Stein died at his home in Hadersdorf-Weidlingau in the Penzing District of Vienna and was buried at the Matzleinsdorf Protestant Cemetery.

Books

 * Der Sozialismus und Kommunismus des heutigen Frankreich, Leipzig 1842, second edition, 1847.
 * Die sozialistischen und kommunistischen Bewegungen seit der dritten französischen Revolution, Stuttgart, 1848.
 * Geschichte der sozialen Bewegung in Frankreich von 1789 bis auf unsere Tage, Leipzig, 1850, 3 volumes.
 * Geschichte des französischen Strafrechts, Basel, 1847.
 * Französische Staats- und Rechtsgeschichte, Basel, 1846- 1848, 3 volumes.
 * System der Staatswissenschaft, Volume 1: Statistik, Basel, 1852; Volume 2: Gesellschaftslehre, Basel, 1857.
 * Die neue Gestaltung der Geld- und Kreditverhältnisse in Österreichklñjo , Vienna, 1855.
 * Lehrbuch der Volkswirtschaft, Vienna, 1858; third edition as Lehrbuch der Nationalökonomie, third edition,1887.
 * Lehrbuch der Finanzwissenschaft, Leipzig, 1860; fifth edition, 1885 - 1886, 4 volumes.
 * Die Lehre vom Heerwesen, Stuttgart, 1872.
 * Verwaltungslehre, Stuttgart, 1865- 1884, 8 volumes.
 * Handbuch der Verwaltungslehre, Stuttgart, 1870; third edition, 1889, 3 volumes.

title: Lorenz von Stein


text:
Martlesham Heath

Martlesham Heath is a village in Suffolk, England. It is 6 mi east of Ipswich, This was an ancient area of heathland and latterly the site of Martlesham Heath Airfield. A "new village" was established there in the mid-1970s and this has developed into a modern community, based on a traditional village pattern. The population is still included in that of Martlesham. The village is also part of the wider Ipswich Built-up area.

History
There is evidence of settlement in this area since the Bronze Age, with a number of round barrows surviving to the present. The main community of Martlesham grew up to the north-east, initially on the highest ground, where Martlesham Church is still located, then, later, centring on the point where the main London-to-Yarmouth road crosses the River Finn, a tributary to the Deben.

White's 1844 directory of Suffolk describes Martlesham as "a neat village near the confluence of a rivulet with the Deben" but mentions that the parish includes "a large, sandy, and unenclosed heath, extending about 2 miles S.W., and affording pasturage for numerous herds of sheep and cattle."

Up until 2013, the village held an annual festival, 'Village Day' latterly known as 'Music on the Green'. This event attracted hundreds of people each June with attractions such as live music fairground rides and Llama Jousting.

Martlesham Heath Airfield
In 1917, the Experimental Aircraft Flight of the Central Flying School was transferred from Upavon, Wiltshire to a site on the heathland at Martlesham and, on 16 January 1917, Martlesham Heath Airfield was officially opened, as an experimental airfield. The unit was renamed the "Aeroplane Experimental Unit, Royal Flying Corps". After the end of World War I the site continued to be used and was, once again, renamed as the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE) of the Royal Air Force.

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the A&AEE was removed to a site at Boscombe Down, Wiltshire, owing to the proximity of Martlesham Heath to the East Coast and its vulnerability to enemy attack. The airfield then took on a new role as a base for fighter squadrons defending Britain. Wing Commander (later Group Captain) Douglas Bader, D.S.O., D.F.C. served at Martlesham Heath with 222 and 242 Squadrons, in 1940.

At the end of hostilities, there was no longer a role for Martlesham Heath as an operational RAF airfield and no prospect of the A&AEE returning, but the site was again used for a number of experiments with planes and armaments. However, its use declined in the 1950s, and the airfield was closed in the early 1960s.

Various proposals were put forward for the development of the site, including the proposal that it should become a civil airport. Parts of the old airfield were let out to light industry and storage companies. In 1963 the lease of the site was sold by the Air Ministry to Bradford Property Trust Ltd, for a price of £72,500.

The control tower at the airfield was built in 1942/43 for the 356th USAAF Fighter Group. It contains a museum operated by the Martlesham Heath Aviation Society detailing the RAF and USAAF presence from 1916 until the 1960s.

Adastral Park
In 1968, the Post Office purchased part of the airfield and surrounding farmland and announced that they would be relocating their Research Department from Dollis Hill to a new centre to be built at Martlesham Heath. The building work took place in the early 1970s and this site has remained as the central research and development facility through the changes that have taken place with the separation of British Telecom from the Post Office and the privatisation of British Telecommunications. In the 1980s, the facility was renamed as BT Labs and was subsequently developed into a high tech business park called Adastral Park in the 1990s.

New village
In 1972 a proposal was presented by Bradford Property Trust to the Planning Department of the local council to develop a "New Village" of Martlesham Heath, with houses for 3000 people, with associated shops, schools and recreational facilities. This was accepted and has resulted in the development of the present community of Martlesham Heath. The vision of this development was to create a completely new community, but based on a traditional pattern. Hence, the village is centred on a village green, with a pub, church and cricket pavilion. In order to maintain a consistent appearance as a village, homeowners at Martlesham Heath are restricted by covenants which govern changes that they can make to their houses and gardens: for example, residents are prevented from attaching external television aerials to their houses. However, many have erected satellite TV dishes, since these were not foreseen when the covenants were written and are therefore allowed. A cable TV system was built into the development (originally provided by BT but later sold to NTL) which was the best option before satellite, since it was provided at cost price and off-air broadcasts had poor reception.

This area is very prosperous, with most homeowners having a higher income than the national average.

Transportation
There is no railway station in Martlesham Heath, but there are several bus services.

title: Martlesham Heath