text:
Carolina Challenge Cup

The Carolina Challenge Cup, officially the Breeze Airways™ Carolina Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a four-team round robin pre-season competition hosted by the Charleston Battery. It was started in 2004 and features teams from Major League Soccer and the United Soccer Leagues. The Columbus Crew edged out D.C. United on goal differential to win the 2004 competition, while the San Jose Earthquakes won the 2005 competition. San Jose's second iteration (although a separate team), the Houston Dynamo, won the 2006 and 2007 versions. The San Jose Earthquakes again won the tournament on their return to the MLS in 2008 while Real Salt Lake claimed the title in their debut in 2009.

Over the first few years of the tournament, the champion had gone on to win one of the two year-end MLS trophies, the Supporters' Shield or MLS Cup. This streak ended in 2008 as San Jose Earthquakes failed to make the playoffs, consequently missing out on both titles. Between 2008 and 2010 it either predicted the MLS Cup winner or the team with the worst record in the league. San Jose and D.C United had the worst records in 2008 and 2010 respectively, while Real Salt Lake won the 2009 MLS Cup.

Format
The tournament has always featured four clubs in a round-robin format, with each club playing three games over the span of a week.

History
The cup competition was established in 2004 by the Charleston Battery, who invited teams from Major League Soccer to participate. It was the first competition hosted by a lower-league team to feature MLS teams during their preseason.

The cup was not held in 2016, instead opting to hold individual friendly matches with Saint Louis FC, Wilmington Hammerheads and the New York Cosmos. The Carolina Challenge Cup was played again from 2017 to 2019, and resumed again in 2022 following a two-year hiatus. Breeze Airways was announced as the cup's title sponsor on January 13, 2022, in an official club statement.

Coffee Pot Cup
A highlight of the competitions that have been held so far is the Coffee Pot Cup, a game between D.C. United and the host Charleston Battery, making it a rare example of an MLS-USL team rivalry. The history behind this comes from a postgame incident after the Third Round of the 1999 U.S. Open Cup, where Charleston pulled a shocking 4-3 extra time upset at home over D.C. A news report from then:

"D.C. United apparently used the visitors' locker room to vent its frustration over losing to the Charleston Battery in last Wednesday's US Open Cup match at Blackbaud Stadium here. Members of the Major League Soccer team smashed two coffee pots and pulled off some showerheads, according to Battery officials. 'I think a bill will be sent to them,' Battery general manager Buckley Andrews said earlier this week. The US Soccer Federation website's match report on Charleston's 4-3 overtime win over the two-time MLS champion called it 'one of the biggest upsets ever seen in American soccer history ... It will surely go down as an Open Cup classic.'"

After a few years, supporters of both sides in the name of spirited competition decided to have an actual Coffee Pot played for between the sides as a friendly wager. The winner has the other team's supporters fill the Cup with beer for the winning team's supporters to enjoy. Supporters of both sides say that whenever the two sides play, they are playing for the Coffee Pot Cup (the two sides could meet in the U.S. Open Cup if drawn together, or in an arranged friendly). The inaugural winners of the Cup in 2004 were D.C. United after winning 2–1. In 2005 and 2006, the two teams played to a tie (2-2, 1-1), meaning no one had to pay for the beer to fill the Cup, but D.C. maintained possession.

Mainly due to their commitment to play in the CONCACAF Champions League, D.C. United were unable to play in the 2007 and 2008 versions of the tournament.

Most recently the teams competed in the final of the 2008 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, as D.C. United defeated Charleston 2–1 on September 3, 2008, at RFK Stadium.

 * 2004, Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 1
 * 2005, Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 2
 * 2006, Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 1, Charleston Battery 1
 * 2006, Cary, NC Friendly: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 0
 * 2008, US Open Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 1
 * 2009, Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 0
 * 2010, Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 0
 * 2011. Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 2, Charleston Battery 1
 * 2012. Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 3, Charleston Battery 1
 * 2014. Carolina Challenge Cup: D.C. United 1, Charleston Battery 1

title: Carolina Challenge Cup


text:
Marcus Nilson

Marcus Rolf Börje Nilson (born March 1, 1978) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player, who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Florida Panthers and Calgary Flames.

Playing career
Nilson was drafted in the first round, 20th overall, by the Florida Panthers in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. His hockey style is quite adverse from the typical style of Swedish hockey players. His grit and intensity, especially among the boards, earned him the role of a dependable checker with the ability to add the odd goal/assist.

A talent of Djurgårdens IF in Sweden, Nilson moved to North America in 1998 and played most of his first two years in the American Hockey League.

After three full seasons with the Panthers, he was traded to the Calgary Flames on March 8, 2004, for a second round draft pick (used to select David Booth). In his first opportunity to play in the Stanley Cup playoffs, Nilson reached the finals and recorded 11 points in 26 playoffs games. He would play for three more years with Calgary.

In the summer of 2008, the Flames placed Nilson on waivers and after clearing without being claimed by another club, he was loaned to Lokomotiv Yaroslavl of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for the season. Nilson returned to Djurgården for the 2009–10 season, signing a one-year contract. He led his team to the playoffs after scoring 24 goals and 51 points. Nilson kept producing points during the playoffs and Djurgården reached the finals against HV71, which they lost four games to two.

Nilson played with the New Jersey Devils on a try-out contract in September 2010, but was ultimately not offered a contract to play the season.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Marcus Nilson


text: User talk:Ancheta Wis/d/box-header

title: User talk:Ancheta Wis/d/box-header


text:
Sheeda

The Sheeda is a fictional race created in comics published by DC Comics. They first appear in Seven Soldiers #0 (April 2005), and were created by Grant Morrison and J.H. Williams III. Their first DC Universe appearance was in Morrison's introductory run on the JLA: Classified series in 2004.

History
The Sheeda are a blue-skinned race from the future. Sheeda are either capable of changing size or existing in a wide variety of sizes. The smallest is a little larger than a mosquito. These Sheeda can control a sentient being by attaching themselves to the back of the creature's neck. They are also somehow related to both spiders and scorpions. Also, they are capable of interbreeding with regular humans. They are masters of both science and magic. As such, they have created creatures such as the Mood 7 Mind Destroyer (Guilt) and the Submissionary Constructs.

According to comic, the Sheeda are tied to Seven Imperishable Treasures, based on Celtic myth's Four Treasures, such as the Foundation Stone of Manhattan (based on the Lia Fáil), the Hammer of Bors (possibly based on Mjolnir), the Cauldron of Rebirth, the Gwydion (a homunculus made of 'living language', based on Merlin) and the sword Excalibur (possibly the counterpart of the sword of Nuada). Seven Soldiers of Victory #1 lists the seven treasures as Gwydion the Merlin, The Undry Cauldron (Dagda's Cauldron), Pegasus the flying horse, Excalibur, the all-knowing Fatherbox, the Hammer, and the Spear whose name is both love and vengeance (possibly a reference to the Gáe Bulg, but eventually revealed to be the progeny of Aurakles, the first superhero).

Once a civilization reaches a certain level of development, the Sheeda arrive to 'harvest' it; to destroy its monuments and defeat its champions. Over the course of the story, they accomplish this task with Arthurian Camelot (according to the story, Arthurian Camelot is a recurring motif in history: the particular Camelot destroyed by the Sheeda existed in the 81st century B.C.).

More recently, the Sheeda have returned, first via the Miracle Mesa in the American Southwest which, according to local Native American legend, rotates through other worlds. The Sheeda, as a preparation for the defeat of the era's champions (such as the Justice League), lure a team of superheroes (the reformed Seven Soldiers of Victory, who number only six) to the area and defeat them in an event known as the Harrowing. The Sheeda are deeply superstitious about teams of seven members, and seek to destroy all such teams.

The Sheeda traditionally attack humanity in a period of utopia. This time, however, they have been drawn out by Zor, the "Terrible Time Tailor", a renegade member of the Seven Unknown Men of Slaughter Swamp.

The first three issues of JLA: Classified were published before any part of Seven Soldiers of Victory, and appear to be a prelude to that series. In JLA: Classified, the Sheeda arrange for the disappearance of the Justice League and subsequently enslave the Ultramarine Corps super-team that responds in the League's absence to an emergency instigated by the Sheeda and Gorilla Grodd. The Sheeda are defeated, but the scale of their threat is not fully understood, let alone halted.

The Sheeda "ambassador" Neh-Buh-Loh promises an upcoming "Harrowing" and claims that the incursion was merely a test of the Earth's superheroes; the next time the Sheeda attack, Neh-Buh-Loh claims, they will be more stealthy about it. It is likely that Seven Soldiers depicts this latter, more stealthy approach.

Origin
The Sheeda are not extra-dimensional, inhuman, or diabolical. They are from the future: roughly one billion years from now. They are either a mutated or genetically engineered form of humanity, or they are the race that replaced humanity. Whichever it is, the Earth now orbits a dying sun, and mismanagement of the planet by the Sheeda has reduced it to a wasteland. The black flowers of Slaughter Swamp now cover the Earth, the seas are reduced to mist.

In this world live the Sheeda. Their culture is horrific - described as 'a grim parody of civilization' by one character. Its arts, sciences and ecology are at a standstill, but they have discovered time travel technology. Using this, they travel back through time, come to a certain era, and lay waste to the planet, taking almost everything of value and taking most of the populace as slaves. First, it provides for their world, since it has fallen into shambles, and second, it gives the populace something to do besides plot an uprising.

In an interview Grant Morrison explained that:

"[These soldiers] are recruited into an apocalyptic battle with some ancient Enemies of Humanity, a race of beings called the Sheeda, who are familiar to us from folk tale and legend as 'the Unseelie Court', or the people of 'Faerie' among many other names. Periodically, these Sheeda arrive like locusts in their millions in huge floating 'Castles' they use to 'harvest' civilizations which have reached their peak. The Sheeda ransack these cultures and take away their treasures, their achievements, their learning to enrich their own burned-out culture". "The name is from the Irish Sidhe, pronounced 'Shee', as in banshee. The Sidhe were the Fairy Folk, the strange ones from the hills who haunt the old legends of so many cultures. I had a wild idea about what these legends might REALLY be describing and realized I'd found the perfect villains for this story. I based my portrayal of the Sheeda civilization itself on a dark, inverted Goth image of Queen Elizabeth 1's England. They're very evil, decadent and corrupt but as I say we don't reveal their TRUE nature and who they really are until later in the series. In FRANKENSTEIN! issue 4 in fact, 'Frankenstein vs. Fairyland'". In the representation of Sheeda's language depicted in Shining Knight #4 Morrison used the Ogham alphabet.

Sheeda characters

 * Melmoth, former king of the Sheeda. His throne was usurped by his wife and he was sent back in time to the first fall of Camelot, where he assumed the role of Mordredd the Undead. Desperate, he found the Cauldron of Rebirth in Slaughter Swamp, achieved immortality, and has been plotting revenge ever since (see Melmoth the Wanderer). Currently, he is dead on Mars by the hands of the undead assassin known as Frankenstein (DC's equivalent of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein monster).
 * Gloriana Tenebrae, Melmoth's second wife and Queen of the Sheeda, is the villain of the story. She is trying to retrieve the Seven treasures before the Harrowing. She is apparently the basis of the evil queen in the 'Snow White' legend, since she has made several references to wanting to be 'the fairest of them all'. She is also presumably the inspiration for various legends concerning the ruthless Queen of the Fey (her name comes from Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene). In the end, the Shining Knight injures Gloriana, who is then shot by I, Spyder which knocks the Queen from Castle Revolving, followed by the Queen being crushed by the Bulleteer's car.
 * Neh-Buh-Loh, whose official title is Celestial Huntsman, is the Queen's chief warrior. He is a sentient universe, which makes him apparently indestructible, and he possesses the ability to 'kill with his gaze'. He is also known as Nebula Man - the being who defeated the Golden Age Seven Soldiers of Victory. He was destroyed by Frankenstein.
 * Misty Kilgore, a young girl currently in the care of Zatanna, is Melmoth's child by his first wife. She has a basically good nature, and with her 'magic die', she can work magic similar to Zatanna's. Her name among the Sheeda is 'Arriachnon' or 'Rhiannon', which is the name of a traditional Celtic goddess. Misty's backstory is an homage to the fairy tale Snow White.
 * In addition, the people of Limbo Town, including Klarion the Witch Boy, are all Sheeda-descended half-breeds.

Allies

 * The Terrible Time Tailor: The rogue eighth "Time Tailor", from a race of beings who weave history and the future, he is also known as Zor, a twisted magician and former enemy of the Spectre. Zor decided to cause mischief in setting the scene for the Sheeda to launch the Harrowing, but is ultimately defeated by Zatanna, and given over to the other Time Tailors. Zor is forced to take on the life of a child murderer (Cyrus Gold), right before said murderer was lynched by an angry mob.
 * Darkseid: On the surface seemingly just a powerful businessman with possible crime connections, he is really an incredibly powerful evil god who holds the power of the Anti-Life Equation, which can dominate a person's mind by showing them that life, hope, and freedom are meaningless. He granted permission for the Sheeda to harrow Earth in exchange for giving him Aurakles, the world's first superhero and beloved of the New Gods. While Aurakles is freed, and the Sheeda are in the end defeated, Darkseid still remains in the end, proclaiming the birth of the "Dark Era".

title: Sheeda


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chase bridge

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep (no consensus). Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:27, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Chase bridge

 * Delete School vanity page. - Forbsey 00:01, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable. -- Joolz 00:24, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to Chase Bridge Primary School. It exists, and it's a school. Delete, I misunderstood the British school system.  Dcarrano 00:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment and that is encylopedic somehow? Vegaswikian 06:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, article doesn't provide remotely interesting facts about school or its history. Decapod73 00:38, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, delete all primary shools, especially ones with incorrect names. --nixie 04:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well it seems verifiable, and not limited to original research, particularly with this report of it by the BBC: . It isn't really written in the style of vanity. The BBC report lists it as 'Chase Bridge Primary School' so perhaps a redirect to there. Here's some more info:, and PDF reports are definitely professional looking: , and it's even listed here as a school: Twickenham, where other schools already have their own articles, including another infant school, Orleans Infants School. Well from what I've gathered I see no reason to delete it, I am also curious as to User:Dcarrano's reason for a change of opinon? Thanks, Seeaxid 00:25, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In the US, we don't normally use the "primary"/"secondary" school terminology as far as I know. I thought for whatever reason it was more like what we here would call a "high school," although even then I jumped the gun since I don't think every high school should be included.Dcarrano 00:31, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * The primary/secondary terminology is sort of retained in the term post-secondary (to refer to anything after high school). At least, it was in my high school. Interesting, if not particularly relevant. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 15:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * We call it primary, secondary then tertiary education, tertiary having the same meaning you had specified for post-secondary. Seeaxid 05:39, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone bothers to at least try to add some material explaining why it is notable or interesting. (I figure that if the original writer doesn't care enough and the VfD process doesn't shake anything out, it's unlikely that it will ever be expanded.) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 15:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC) (I'm now removing my vote since it's been expanded. Move to Chase Bridge Primary School is fine. -Aranel (" Sarah  ") 23:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC))
 * Just to clarify: move and redirect to Chase Bridge Primary School. Notability is not a policy. I think the following web site moreover affirms that the school is also refered to as: Chase Bridge alone:, as is indicated by only those words being bolded, as opposed to say, Carlisle Infant School, where that entire sentence is bolded.

 * There's absolutely no sense in deleting valid information just because it's not "interesting", how subjective's that. If "it's unlikely that it will ever be expanded", then merge it with Twickenham, rather than pointlessly removing useful information.

 * And I may mention that I've also expanded it. Seeaxid 05:39, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Lack of notability is a valid de facto reason for deletion. (By which I mean is that it's used by so many people that it doesn't really matter if it's policy or not.) Personally, I feel that a school article should at least make a half-hearted effort to explain why anyone should care, since they tend to be of interest to only a very small community (i.e. people who went there or whose children may go there). As long as there is some effort made along these lines, I'm willing to opt on the side of inclusion and let it be. This is my personal choice and you are welcome to disagree. But in light of your expansion I'm removing my delete vote. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 23:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You said: "Lack of notability is a valid de facto reason for deletion." If it isn't policy or guideline, or anything definitive, then it defies logic to state it alone as a reason for deletion, were it policy one could argue, and come to concensus to alter the policy. As there is no place to change the policy, simply stating it as definitive itself, giving no logical basis to support it (which a policy page would act as) it is simply irrational. [annex: this comment is essentially based on the contraversial nature of deletion in regards to schools, and that for most other general topics there notability guidlines at Votes_for_deletion/Precedents as you may well know]
 * You had also said: "I feel that a school article should at least make a half-hearted effort to explain why anyone should care,", now let me quote Schools/Arguments: "Those who advocate the deletion of schools sometimes use an argument to the effect that a school that doesn't have some special attribute--apart from being an institution of learning--has no identity and shouldn't be in Wikipedia.
 * This is a case of special pleading; there is no Wikipedia policy requirement that corresponds to this, it's just an ad hoc condition constructed to justify opposition to school articles." Seeaxid 04:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Part of the point of Schools is that there is not a clear consensus on what should be done ("It's been done, and we should all agree to disagree."). Often there turns out to be lack of consensus to delete, which qualifies as consensus to keep only by default. I am familiar with all of the arguments. (I remember when most of them originated.) I judge each school article on its individual merits and I intend to keep doing so. The beauty of the system is that we are free to disagree with one another on this. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 17:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

right|thumb|200px|You've gotta have [[WP:FAITH|faith.]]
 * Delete. Shazbot. Gamaliel 23:06, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd further advise anyone contemplating voting to peruse: Schools and Schools/Arguments, if not familiar with them already. Seeaxid 04:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC).
 * Essentially, this page is mentioned as one of threee (I believe) infant schools at the Twickenham article, so it seems obviously that it is a significant infant school within Twickenham (although probably not outside of it and perhaps not inside if Twickenham is actually a very, very small town), so it wouldn't bother me too much if relevant information was shifted to  the Twickenham article. Seeaxid 11:22, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Twickenham is a large and prosperous satellite of London. The school takes on junior children as well as infants (it's listed under both headings). --Tony Sidaway|Talk 06:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a reasonably good example of how to write an article about a British school. Good use is made of the OFSTED report and the external links section is well stocked. The article should of course be moved to the correct name, but that's not a decision I think we need discuss here. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 06:25, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please tony is right this is a good article really so why get rid of it Yuckfoo 17:06, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep well done short article on an ACTUAL PLACE, if we can allow gobs of data on made up stuff like Pokemon ... I see no reason this cannot remain as well.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 00:11, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The later comments are not about the article that was nominated, but the article after several edits. The rewrite has made it appear that it is, or will be, encylopedic.  Vegaswikian 00:15, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. The article was nominated for VfD six minutes after it was created.  Even then it said "Chase Bridge is a primary school in Greater London that lies next to Twickenham Rugby ground," which could have left nobody in any position to claim that the information was not verifiable and neutral.  There is absolutely no excuse for VfDing articles so mindlessly and pointlessly. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 01:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and thank wikipedia for graciously sharing this information about education in Twickenham. Kappa 00:42, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep. Nominator appears to grossly misunderstand the purpose of VfD.   —RaD Man (talk) 03:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good looking article. Christopher Parham (talk) 05:11, 2005 July 19 (UTC)
 * Keep. James F. (talk) 15:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see any notable alumni, so it looks like the swimming pool's the most notable thing it has.  One of my friends has a swimming pool at his house; would we keep an article about him if I wrote one? --Idont Havaname 22:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep. Nominator should be drawn and quartered. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 02:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you need to have a look at WP:FAITH. -- Joolz 12:19, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep verifiable and NPOV schools. Double Blue  (Talk) 23:18, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete schoolcruft. Dunc|☺ 21:49, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Bev Koester

Charles Beverley "Bev" Koester, (January 13, 1926 – February 1, 1998) was a Canadian naval officer, civil servant and Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Regina, Saskatchewan, he graduated from the Royal Canadian Naval College at Royal Roads, British Columbia in 1944. He served during the Second World War in Scotland, and in 1945 was involved in the liberation of Oslo and Copenhagen. He stayed in the Navy until 1960, retiring as a lieutenant commander. He attended the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Alberta and taught history at the University of Regina, later becoming head of the history department. He was the author of Footprints in Time – Saskatchewan (House of Grant, Canada, 1965); Mr. Davin MP (Western Producer Prairie Books, 1980); The Measure of the Man (Western Producer Prairie Books, 1976) and the editor of Bourinot's Rules of Order, a handbook on Canadian parliamentary procedure.

From 1960 to 1969, he was an officer of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Clerk Assistant and a Clerk. From 1969 to 1975 he taught history at the University of Regina. In 1975, he became Clerk Assistant at the Canadian House of Commons and was appointed Clerk in 1980. He was the first clerk of the Canadian House of Commons who was a career civil servant. During his time as clerk, television cameras were introduced into the House of Commons. He retired in 1987. He also served twice as temporary senior Clerk of the British House of Commons, becoming the first clerk from a Commonwealth country to serve as clerk in Britain.

In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

He died in Kingston, Ontario.

title: Bev Koester


text:
Charles Koester

Charles Koester may refer to:

 * Bev Koester (Charles Beverley Koester, 1926–1998), Canadian naval officer, civil servant and Clerk of the Canadian House of Commons
 * Charles Roman Koester (1915–1997), American bishop of the Catholic Church

title: Charles Koester


text: User talk:24.42.27.41

title: User talk:24.42.27.41


text: User talk:139.130.237.146

title: User talk:139.130.237.146


text:
Solomon Lew

Solomon Lew (born 22 March 1945) is an Australian businessman. His principal commercial activities involve importing apparel, toys and other goods into Australia from China and investments, mainly in retail companies.

As a teenager, Lew supplied dresses to the Myer Emporium in Melbourne using his company Voyager Solo. In 2014 Lew built a ten per cent stake in David Jones Limited after South African retailer Woolworths launched a takeover bid for the department store. Lew was formerly a director then chairman of Coles Myer (now known as the Coles Group) until voted out by shareholders. He was also involved in an attempt to resurrect Ansett airlines with Lindsay Fox following its collapse in September 2001. In 2008 he returned to the board of his public company, Premier Investments, and became its chairman.

In 2016 he became the first Australian to be inducted into the World Retail Hall of Fame, which recognises the lifetime achievements of retail "legends".

In 2023, the Financial Review assessed Lew's net worth as A$3.97 billion; Forbes assessed his net worth as US$1.46 billion in 2019; and Lew was ranked 33rd on The Australian's Richest 250 List.

Early life
Lew was born in Melbourne to Esther (Windman) and Pinkus Lew (originally Lewkowicz), Polish Jews from Częstochowa who immigrated to Australia during the Interwar period. His father was active in Melbourne's Jewish community and was vice-president of a landsmanshaft for Częstochowa Jews. He established a textiles business in Flinders Lane, but died when his son was 12 years old.

Lew was educated at Mount Scopus Memorial College. He established his first business, Voyager Solo, at the age of 18. He studied accounting and commerce at night school.

Business career
In 1981, Lew's family office Parfit Investments Pty Ltd made a takeover bid for John Martin & Co., an Adelaide-based department store chain. The following year, another of Lew's firms Specular Investments Pty Ltd made an unsuccessful bid for eyewear retailer OPSM.

By 1983 Lew and controlled entities had obtained close to a 10 percent stake in Myer Emporium Ltd. In the same year he proposed a A$50 million takeover bid for the Australian branch of Cadbury Schweppes.

Yannon transaction
While Chairman of Coles Myer, Lew involved Coles Myer in a deal with a private company Yannon Pty Ltd which ultimately lost Coles Myer A$18 million. An internal Coles investigation endorsed Lew's claim that he knew nothing of the deal, and a subsequent four-year investigation by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) ended with no charges being pursued.

Alan Cameron, ASIC chairman at the time, acknowledged during the press conference to announce the outcome of the investigation that: "It is worth saying that the original loss suffered by Coles Myer was about A$18 million, and the recovery made by Coles Myer was in excess of A$12 million." Lew contributed to this 1996 settlement with Coles-Myer. Cameron also said that it was "clearly true" that Lew was not guilty of any breaches of the law. When asked if he believed Lew was innocent, Cameron replied: "of course."

ABC Radio's PM program described the transaction:

When Coles Myer's chief financial officer, Philip Bowman, resigned and revealed the details of the transaction it brought a great deal of unwanted public attention to Lew. Bowman's revelations prompted an investigation into whether the Yannon transaction broke the Corporations Law or other laws that lasted five years and gathered a quarter of a million pages of documents and twelve thousand pages of evidence. The ASIC recommended criminal prosecution against Lew in its brief, although the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions, who had the final decision, decided not to proceed with criminal charges against Lew, Lew's advisers, or those working within Coles Myer. The Chairman of ASIC told the ABC:

The Etiket transaction
Another controversial business transaction involving Lew related to a single purpose trust called Etiket. The beneficiaries were Lew's family. The trust was used to acquire 2% of Coles Myer in 1989, at a time of high interest rates. Lew offered competing explanations for what happened next. But the end result was that the Coles Myer shares were assigned to Premier Investments for an A$8 million profit. A Queen's Counsel who investigated the transaction said:

TESNA
Lew and Lindsay Fox formed a consortium to acquire Ansett Airlines after it had an Administrator appointed. They sought and obtained the exclusive right to negotiate to purchase the airline. They obtained the agreement of various stakeholders in the airline, including trade union members and their representatives. Greg Combet, the secretary of the ACTU said Lew had breached 'repeated commitments'. During this time spent negotiating, the administrators had been persuaded to continue to operate the airline despite heavy losses which reduced the amount ultimately available to creditors, which included employees owed entitlements. Lew and Fox had committed to take on A$183 million of these entitlement obligations if they acquired the company. These commitments and their statements that they could and would proceed with the acquisition led the trade unions with members involved in the business to support the bid. The consequence of Lew's withdrawal was much embarrassment for the ACTU, which had strongly supported the Lew-Fox bid.

Coles Myer board
In September 2002, a resolution to remove Lew from the Board of Coles Myer was successful after Stan Wallis, the Chairman of the company, campaigned for Lew's removal. Wallis successfully lobbied major institutional shareholders, including insurance companies, banks and large investment firms to take the rare action of voting against an incumbent director. Prior to the vote, Lew campaigned heavily spending an estimated A$10 million campaigning for his re-election focusing mainly on smaller shareholders. He was successful in obtaining millions of proxies but they were ultimately insufficient.

Premier Investments and Just Group
In March 2008, Lew returned to the public company stage, rejoining the board of the listed company Premier Investments, as its chairman. At the same time, Premier announced a takeover offer for Just Group, one of Australia's largest retailers which owns Just Jeans, Portmans, Dotti, Peter Alexander, Jay Jays, Smiggle and Jacqui E. Analysts criticised the offer for being too low and comprising less than half in cash. In publicly explaining his offer, Lew said Just Group was trading worse than had been disclosed to the investment community.

Premier's stationery brand Smiggle was profitable in its first year in the United Kingdom after launching in 2015. The brand was subsequently launched in Hong Kong and Malaysia in 2016. Smiggle's first global flagship store was opened on London's Oxford Street in 2018, along with the first concession outlet in department store Selfridges.

Premier Investments owns a 31 per cent stake in Myer. It also holds a 25.5 per cent stake in appliance maker Breville worth $970.5 million.

Personal life
In 2014 Lew separated from Rosie Lew, his wife of forty years. Their three children are active in the Lew's business empire including Peter, who is the chairman of P Lew Investment Group and the owner of the BrandBank Group of Companies. He is married to Ally Lew and has three children; Steven, who married Sarah Nowoweiski in 2003 and filed for divorce in 2011. They have two children; and Jacqueline, who married Adam Priester in 1999 and filed for divorce in 2011. They have four children.

Lew is Jewish and is a member of the Chabad House synagogue in Malvern, Victoria. He was active in the United Israel Appeal from the late 1960s and in the early 1980s founded its Action for Israel division.

In 1986, Lew donated $450,000 to the National Gallery of Victoria to fund the acquisition of Glenara, a painting by Eugene von Guerard.

In 1999, each of his children were gifted A$170 million from the "Lew Custodian Trust".

Net worth
The Australian Financial Review estimated Lew's net worth as A$3.97 billion as published in the Financial Review Rich List; and in January 2019 his net worth was estimated by Forbes Asia as US$1.90 billion as published in the list of Australia's 50 richest people. , Lew was one of ten Australians who have appeared in every Financial Review Rich List, or its predecessor, the BRW Rich 200, since it was first published in 1984.

title: Solomon Lew


text:
User:Ryzzofoshizzo

Major Contributions

 * Pachakutik
 * CONAIE
 * Workers' Defence Committee
 * Carlinhos Brown

Minor Contributions

 * Orange Revolution
 * Kmara
 * Jean Charles de Menezes
 * Pora
 * Mara Salvatrucha

title: User:Ryzzofoshizzo


text:
User talk:Karoschne~enwiki

Re: Talk:PlayStation 3
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Karoschne~enwiki


text:
Airlines of South Australia

Airlines of South Australia was an airline operated by Ansett Transport Industries from 1959 until 2005. The name was revived by an unrelated operator that operated from 1987 until 2005.

Airline 1959–1986
On 1 July 1959, Ansett purchased Guinea Airways and rebranded it Airlines of South Australia (ASA) on 21 December 1959. ASA took over the Guinea Airways existing fleet of five Douglas DC-3s and an Auster, and added a 52-seat Convair 440.

From inception, ASA provided services from Adelaide to Port Lincoln, Minnipa, Ceduna, Cowell, Cleve, Kimba, Radium Hill, Broken Hill, Kangaroo Island, Port Pirie, Whyalla, Renmark, Mildura and Woomera.

Throughout the 1960s, services were briefly added to Naracoorte, Millicent and tours to Hayman Island, Queensland from Adelaide while several initial services were progressively discontinued. A Piaggio P166 and a Fokker F27 (the first of several) replaced older aircraft.

In November 1968 Airlines of South Australia was renamed Ansett Airlines of South Australia (AASA). By 1973, the fleet had reduced to three Fokker F-27s. In the mid-1970s, AASA trialled special interest weekend flights and began services to Mount Gambier. In 1979, charter flights to the gas fields at Moomba began. In 1980, a route sharing agreement was commenced with Rossair, and on 17 July 1981 Ansett reverted AASA back to the original name Airlines of South Australia. However, ASA faced increasing competition through the late 1970s and early 1980s, and in 1985, Ansett announced that another subsidiary Kendell Airlines would progressively move onto South Australian routes. In February 1986, Ansett announced that ASA would cease operations. The last passenger flight was made on 27 June 1986.

Airline 1987–2005
Airlines of South Australia (ASA) was reborn in 1987, as a small regional airline. It operated scheduled between Adelaide, Port Lincoln, Port Augusta, and Kingscote all in South Australia, as well as charter flights. It was part of the RegionalLink Airlines group which also included Airnorth and Emu Airways. Its main base was Adelaide Airport. Both ASA and Emu Airways ceased operations on 9 November 2005.

The airline was established in 1987 as Lincoln Airlines (based in Port Lincoln). It merged with Augusta Airways (based in Port Augusta) and was renamed Airlines of South Australia (ASA) in 1997.

In October 2003, Airnorth (based in Darwin, Northern Territory) purchased both Airlines of South Australia and Emu Airways (another small regional airline, based in Adelaide, operating from Adelaide to Kingscote) and merged the three companies into a single business entity called RegionalLink. The participating airlines continued to trade in their local markets under their own names, the logos of which were featured on the fuselages of aircraft within the group.

On 31 October 2005 Capiteq Limited, the parent company of Airlines of South Australia and Emu Airways, announced its intention that both airlines would cease operations effective 9 November 2005, citing the entry of QantasLink (soon to start flying to Port Lincoln and Kingscote) and other factors in their decision. This left Port Augusta with no scheduled air service.

title: Airlines of South Australia


text:
Piedmont University

Piedmont University is a private university in Demorest and Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1897, Piedmont's Demorest campus includes 300 acres in a traditional residential-college setting located in the foothills of the northeast Georgia Blue Ridge Mountains. Total enrollment is approximately 2,500 students and the campus includes ten residence halls housing more than 750 students.

Piedmont College offers more than 50 undergraduate academic programs in the Schools of Arts & Sciences, Business, Education, and Nursing & Health Sciences. Students may earn Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Bachelor of Science (BS), or Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degrees. Graduate programs include Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT), Education Specialist (EdS), and Doctor of Education (EdD).

History
The college opened as the J.S. Green Collegiate Institute in 1897, founded by residents of Habersham County, Georgia. The first president was Reverend Charles C. Spence. The American Mission Board of the mostly New England Congregational Churches (later Congregational Christian Churches) operated the college from 1901 to 1948 and changed the name to Piedmont College to represent the eponymous geographic region. In 1948, under president James Walter, the college became an independent institution, although it maintains an affiliation with the United Church of Christ (UCC) and the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches (NACCC), both of whom claim descent from the Congregational tradition. Congregationalists took over the school from the Methodists in the early 20th century.

In 1994 the college began to expand, adding schools for Business and Nursing & Health Sciences to its existing programs in the Arts and Sciences and Education. The college also opened a campus in Athens, Georgia, and began offering off-campus graduate education courses across the state. The Demorest campus grew substantially with the addition of the Arrendale Library; Stewart Center for Mathematics, Science and Technology; Swanson Center for Communications and the Performing Arts, Mize Athletic Center, the Smith-Williams Art Studios, and in 2015 the Student Commons. The college also added five new dormitories and 48 apartment-style residences.

In 2019, Piedmont College then president James Mellichamp was accused of sexual harassment by tenured professor Rick Austin, who was also the mayor of Demorest. However, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was unable to conclude that Austin's accusations stated any claim for violating law. Piedmont College sued the City of Demorest, demanding that Austin forfeit his tenured position and resign as mayor. Piedmont filed the lawsuit in December 2020. The college argued that the mayor and city council of Demorest violated its constitutional rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution when the city instituted a rate hike in water and sewage fees targeted solely at the college beginning in 2019. In April 2021, Piedmont College changed its name to Piedmont University. On February 7, 2023, the city and Piedmont University settled the lawsuit in the university’s favor including a payment from Demorest to the university of $70,000 to cover disputed water and sewer fees. Austin had stepped down as mayor when his term ended in 2021, and both Mellichamp and Austin had left the university.

Campuses
Piedmont has two campuses, the original one in Demorest and a newer expansion in Athens. Piedmont's Demorest campus is located on roughly 300 acre in Habersham County. The Athens campus is located on Prince Avenue near downtown Athens, on the site of the original Prince Avenue Baptist Church.

Demorest
The Demorest campus is primarily a residential campus, with ten dormitories, including Getman-Babcock, Purcell, Wallace, Swanson, Johnson, Mayflower, New Bedford, Plymouth and Ipswich halls that together house about 600 students. The Piedmont Village (apartment-style living which opened in 2015) houses an additional 180 students.

The academic buildings include Daniel Hall, which houses the R.H. Daniel School of Nursing, the Humanities Department, and administrative offices. Stewart Hall houses the Science and Math Departments. The School of Education is located in the Arrendale Library. The Walker School of Business is located in Camp Hall, which is adjacent to the President's Home. The Music department is located in the Center for Worship and Music, which includes classroom and performance space, as well as the Sewell Pipe Organ, a 3,675-pipe organ built by the Casavant Frères company of Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.

The Art Department is located in the Smith-Williams Studios and adjacent Martens Hall. The Mason-Scharfenstein Museum of Art is located in downtown Demorest. It features a large permanent collection and hosts numerous exhibits throughout the year.

The Mass Communications and Theatre Departments are located in the Swanson Center for Performing Arts and Communication, a $14-million building which features two theaters and editing rooms for print, video and web productions. Next door is the Arrendale Amphitheater, a 500-seat outdoor venue. WPCZ, the student-run radio station, is housed in the Swanson Center, along with the student-run TV station, PC60.

The campus also includes Walker Fields for softball, soccer and lacrosse, as well as Loudermilk Baseball Stadium for baseball. The Johnny Mize Athletic Center houses the O’Neal Cave Arena for basketball and volleyball. The Mize Center includes a museum featuring displays of Mize's baseball memorabilia collected during his career at Piedmont and as a Hall of Fame player in the major leagues with the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants and New York Yankees.

There are also a few general purpose buildings. Lane Hall, which faces the quad, is the remodeled old gym, which houses the Student Success Center. There is also the President's House, the Admissions building and the pedestrian bridge which crosses Historic U.S. 441. The bridge was assembled off-site and lowered into place by crane, and was modeled after the Vanderbilt University 21st Avenue Pedestrian Bridge. The installation of the bridge was a joint project of the Georgia Department of Transportation, Piedmont College and the city of Demorest.

Much of Piedmont's Demorest property is now wetlands. The wetlands area was once the site of Lake Demorest (from 1890–2008). The lake was drained due to an irreparable dam, and the property was turned into a wetlands for students and faculty to use in their studies.

The heart of student life at Piedmont is the new Student Commons, which opened in the fall of 2015. The 58,000 square foot commons features the campus dining hall, fitness center (complete with a full-size basketball court with a walking track, a rock-climbing wall and a racquetball court), the official Piedmont College bookstore and a Starbucks cafe. The commons also is home to Student Services and has a state-of-the-art conference room and study rooms as well as staff offices.

Athens
The college opened a small outreach facility in 1996 and now occupies seven buildings near the heart of downtown Athens on Prince Avenue. The campus offers four-year undergraduate programs designed for both traditional and non-traditional students. For graduate students, there are programs in business (MBA), nursing (BSN), and education (MA, MAT, EDS, and EdD).

The Athens campus includes Commons Hall, which houses the majority of classrooms and faculty offices, as well as a large assembly room and dining hall. The School of Business is located in Rogers Hall, and there is a large recreation center for intramural and fitness activities. Lane Hall on North Milledge Avenue houses the library and facilities for the School of Nursing and Health Sciences.

Academics
Piedmont is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS);. Specific programs are accredited by the National League of Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) or the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP).

Student – faculty
Piedmont University has 80 programs of study, including bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, and the education specialist degree, with an undergraduate 10:1 student–faculty ratio, an average class size of ten students, and 99% of full-time students receiving financial aid. Of those responding, 94% of Piedmont alumni rated their academic experience as good or excellent.

Admissions
Piedmont University is test optional for admissions, and high school grades are important. In 2023, the college accepted 64.4% of applicants, with those admitted having an average 3.54 GPA and, of the approximately 22% submitting test scores, having an average 990-1200 SAT or average 19-25 ACT score.

Colleges
Piedmont University is composed of four colleges: the College of Arts & Sciences, the College of Education, the Harry W. Walker College of Business, and the R.H. Daniel College of Nursing & Health Sciences.

College of Arts and Sciences
Students can take courses in nine departments that comprise the College of Arts and Sciences. These departments include: Art, Humanities, Interdisciplinary Studies, Mass Communications, Mathematics & Physics, Music, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Theatre. Through these departments, students can earn Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, and Bachelor of Science degrees.

Harry W. Walker College of Business
The Harry W. Walker College of Business received accreditation in November 2007 from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) for the undergraduate and graduate business programs at both Piedmont's Demorest and Athens Campuses. Through the College of Business, students can earn a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in Business Administration or a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree. The BA program includes concentrations in accounting, finance, general business, management, and marketing. The MBA program is a lock-step 12-course program that offers the convenience of evening courses and can be completed in as little as 18 months.

College of Education
The College of Education offers bachelor's degree programs in fields including Early Childhood, Middle Grades, Drama, Secondary, and Spanish education. Students can also earn Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) or Master of Arts (MA) degrees in a variety of areas. Beyond the master's degree, the college offers Education Specialist (EdS) and Doctor of Education (EdD) degree programs.

R.H. Daniel College of Nursing & Health Sciences
The R.H. Daniel College of Nursing & Health Sciences offers the BSN degree for students preparing for initial licensure. Separate BSN tracks are also available for students who already hold RN or LPN degrees.

Rankings
For 2024, U.S. News & World Report ranked Piedmont University #52 out of 136 Regional Universities South, #20 in Best Value Schools, and #31 in Top Performers on Social Mobility.

Student life
Piedmont University has over 50 student clubs and organizations and 19 intercollegiate sports teams competing in NCAA Division III. In addition to clubs and service organizations, Piedmont offers creative outlets for singers, musicians, and actors. All students can be part of the 100-voice Piedmont Chorale, which performs several concerts each year. The Piedmont Singers is a 50-member ensemble of selected students that performs on campus and each year tours in the U.S. or abroad. Performance groups also include the 10-member Cantabile a cappella singers, Piedmont Camerata chamber ensemble, Wind Ensemble, Percussion Ensemble, and String Ensemble.

Students interested in theater may join the Piedmont College Theatre and the Alpha Psi Omega theater honor society, which together perform a succession of plays each year ranging from Shakespeare to children's theater.

Students interested in writing, photography, radio, television, and web production can also participate in a number of student-run organizations including the student newspaper and media channel, "The Roar" [formerly The Navigator]; the Yonahian yearbook, and student radio and TV stations.

Magazine
The first publication for the college was The Mountain Lantern, which was named for a common firefly in the surrounding area. The Lantern started as a monthly magazine in 1912. In 1913, The Lantern became the college's yearbook. There would not be a magazine again until 2006, when a mass communications major published PC Magazine as her senior capstone project. In the fall of 2007, the magazine was renamed Pause, which came out twice each semester; two print and two online. Pause has since been out of production. In 2021 "The Roar" has begun production of a magazine version of the previous newspaper. Under the guidance of advisor Joseph Dennis, The Roar Magazine is expected to remain at Piedmont University for the foreseeable future.

Yearbook
The Mountain Lantern lasted for only a short period until 1915. A yearbook was again issued in 1920, and the name was changed to the Yonahian. The odd-sounding name was derived from nearby Mount Yonah. Since 1920, the Yonahian has been published every year and provides a general record of students and faculty.

Newspaper
The first newspaper of Piedmont was The Hustler, which lasted from 1908 to 1909. There was no newspaper until 1917, when a bi-weekly newspaper named The Padded Hammer appeared in September. Later in 1917, after a vote on the name of the paper, it was changed to The Piedmont Owl. The name was chosen as a reference to the concept of wisdom. This became the name of Piedmont's athletic teams as well, until 1921, when the Student Association adopted the name Mountain Lions, later shortened to Lions.

The Piedmont Owl lasted for 67 years until the name was changed to match Piedmont's newer mascot. The paper became The Lion's Roar for 21 years until 2005, when it was changed to The Navigator. The name is a reference to the Mayflower ship of the Pilgrims, honoring Piedmont's relationship to American Congregationalism. In the fall of 2015, all the college's media outlets were consolidated under the umbrella name of The Roar.

Athletics
Piedmont College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. The Lions are members of the Collegiate Conference of the South (CCS), founded in 2022 by an amicable split of its former home of the USA South Athletic Conference. The separation agreement stated that CCS members would become USA South associate members in sports sponsored by the USA South but not by CCS. Accordingly, Piedmont women's golf, plus men's and women's lacrosse, remain in the USA South. Intercollegiate sports include men's and women's basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis, and track and field; women's volleyball and softball; and men's baseball. In 2016, Piedmont introduced men's and women's cycling. The college also offers a wide range of intramural sports competitions.

Piedmont was a charter member of the Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) until the 2012–13 school year.

Alumni

 * Marvin Hudson (Class of 1986), baseball umpire of the 2004 All-Star Game and the 2005 National League Division Series as well as the 2016 World Series between the Cubs and Indians
 * Phillip M. Landrum (Class of 1938), U.S. Congressman
 * Soong Mei-ling (attended 1909), wife of President Chiang Kai-shek; played a prominent role in the politics of the Republic of China
 * Johnny "Big Cat" Mize (class of 1935), baseball Hall of Famer; played for Piedmont; the athletic center and museum on Piedmont's campus are named for him
 * Diana Palmer (Class of 1995), author of many novels including Diamond Girl, which was made into the Diamond Girl movie in 1998
 * Jonathan Clark Rogers (Class of 1906), President of North Georgia College, 1933–1949; president of the University of Georgia, 1949-1950
 * Brian Rickman (Class of 1998), American lawyer and judge of the Georgia Court of Appeals.
 * Lillian Smith, studied at Piedmont 1915–1916; wrote Strange Fruit

Faculty

 * John C. Campbell, second president of Piedmont College, 1904–1907; educator and reformer noted for his survey of social conditions in the southern Appalachian region; the John C. Campbell Folk School was established by his wife and named in his honor.
 * Barbara Brown Taylor, Professor Emerita, and past holder of the Harry R. Butman Chair of Religion and Philosophy; author of 12 books on religion and spirituality.
 * Rick Austin, PhD biologist, was also a member of the Georgia State House of Representatives, a member of the Habersham County Board of Commissioners, and mayor of Demorest, Georgia.

Campus staff

 * Richard Jewell, security guard accused of the 1996 Olympic bombing. He was fired for abuse of authority and sued the college for slander; the lawsuit was settled with his estate in 2011 for an undisclosed amount.

title: Piedmont University


text:
Près de toi

Près de toi ("Next To You") is French pop singer Lorie's triple-platinum debut album. It was released on October 30, 2001. On April 29, 2002, a special limited edition of the album was released with new packaging and extra tracks. Starting from September 20, 2004, the original album was sold jointly with the singer's second album, Tendrement.

Versions
A deluxe version of "Près de toi" was released with two new bonus tracks: "By My Side", an adaptation of "Près de moi", "Ton Sourire" ("Your Smile"), and remixes of the original songs. Moreover, this version included a special booklet with lyrics and photos.

The album was also out in a new version in Japan mainly because Lorie was appearing in a commercial for Évian and she had to promote the product so the album was released there with a new cover and a special French/Japanese booklet that included all the songs' lyrics in the two languages. Also, new songs were added: "Dans nos rêves" ("In Our Dreams") which was used in the Évian advertisement, "Forget Me Not", another adaptation of "Près de moi" and "My World", an adaptation of "Toute Seule". In addition, the album is also available on radio cassette.

Standard edition

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:19
 * 2) "Près de moi" – 3:43
 * 3) "Je serai (ta meilleure amie)" – 3:28
 * 4) "Toute seule" – 3:31
 * 5) "I Love You" – 4:03
 * 6) "Ne me dis rien" – 4:08
 * 7) "L'homme de ma vie" – 3:25
 * 8) "Tout pour toi" – 3:32
 * 9) "Entre vous deux" – 3:46
 * 10) "Je manque de toi" – 3:47
 * 11) "Se donner la main" – 4:11

Limited edition

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:19
 * 2) "Près de moi" – 3:43
 * 3) "Je serai (ta meilleure amie)" – 3:28
 * 4) "Toute seule" – 3:31
 * 5) "I Love You" – 4:03
 * 6) "Ne me dis rien" – 4:08
 * 7) "L'homme de ma vie" – 3:25
 * 8) "Tout pour toi" – 3:32
 * 9) "Entre vous deux" – 3:46
 * 10) "Je manque de toi" – 3:47
 * 11) "Se donner la main" – 4:11
 * 12) "By my side" – 3:43
 * 13) "I Love You (sunny remix)" – 3:41
 * 14) "Près de moi (cutty remix)" – 4:24
 * 15) "Près de moi (groovy club mix)" – 4:55
 * 16) "Toute seule (tam tam remix)" – 3:36
 * 17) "Je serai (ta meilleure amie) (friendly remix)" – 4:21
 * 18) "Ton sourire" – 3:45

Japanese edition

 * 1) Dans nos rêves (3:12)
 * 2) Intro (0:20)
 * 3) Près de moi (3:42)
 * 4) Je serai (ta meilleure amie) (3:28)
 * 5) Toute seule (3:28)
 * 6) I Love You (4:05)
 * 7) Ne me dis rien (4:07)
 * 8) L'homme de ma vie (3:27)
 * 9) Tout pour toi (3:42)
 * 10) Entre vous deux (3:45)
 * 11) Je manque de toi (3:52)
 * 12) Se donner la main (4:23)
 * 13) Forget me not (3:44)
 * 14) My world (3:30)

title: Près de toi


text:
Come Taste the Band

Come Taste the Band is the tenth studio album by English rock band Deep Purple, released on 7 November 1975. It was co-produced and engineered by the band and longtime associate Martin Birch. Musically, the record consists of stronger influences of funk than the band's previous albums.

It was the final Deep Purple studio record prior to the band's initial disbandment in 1976, therefore making it the only studio album by the Mark IV line-up of Deep Purple, featuring Tommy Bolin on guitar, and the final of three albums to feature David Coverdale on lead vocals and Glenn Hughes on bass guitar/vocals. Due to Bolin's drug addiction, the band was solely dependent on his condition largely throughout the album's tour, alongside Hughes' cocaine problems. Bolin died of multiple-drug intoxication overdose shortly after the breakup in that same year. To date, it is the only album by the band to feature neither vocalist Ian Gillan nor guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, with every other album involving at least one of the two.

Come Taste the Band was commercially less successful than the previous Deep Purple albums, whilst the record was among the lowest in the American market compared to the band's 1970s albums. In the UK, the album peaked at number #19, while it only peaked at #43 in the US. However, it received favorable reviews, and the band's stylistic renewal was praised. However, the album's reputation has been mixed. The members of Mark IV have generally regarded the album as a functional entity, but, on the other hand, they have questioned the extent to which the line-up can be called Deep Purple.

Background
In the mid-1970s, Deep Purple was one of the best-known rock bands in the world. However, at the same time, the group personnel and atmosphere had often changed. Musically, their approach shifted from heavy rock to blues, funk, and soul. Guitarist Richie Blackmore was heavily against the idea of incorporating the latter two musical elements, resulting in him departing the group and forming his own band, Rainbow, in 1975, with speculations that Deep Purple would break up indefinitely. Singer David Coverdale remarked that Blackmore invited him to join his band, but his thoughts on his attempted involvement were very uncomfortable and inappropriate.

Original members Jon Lord (organs) and Ian Paice (drums) intended to quit the group, but Coverdale and Glenn Hughes (bass) persuaded them to stay and hold auditions for a new guitarist, feeling that the band was not ready to give up from success for a few years. The management was very hopeful of the band's decision to continue. Coverdale suggested changing the name to "Purple" or "Good Company", but others disagreed. According to Coverdale and Lord, the reason behind the band's decision to continue was mainly royalties.

Bolin's introduction and changes
The search for a guitarist has turned out to be difficult in the process. Coverdale's recommendations in the band were Jeff Beck, Rory Gallagher, and Tommy Bolin. Auditions were held at Robert Simon's Pirate Studio in Hollywood. Clem Clempson from Humble Pie auditioned for the band but did not become Blackmore's replacement. Bolin, whose playing on Billy Cobham's Spectrum impressed band members, was then asked to audition. Coverdale recalled the audition by saying:

"“He was a sight to behold – this exotic creature. He walked up to this line of amps - which had been pretty intimidating to whoever else had been there - and turned them all to eleven. Hit a chord, and the chord got everyone off their smug ass and started jamming – immediately. All his guitars were in hock – for whichever reason – so he had borrowed a guitar for the audition. It was quite an extraordinary, explosive audition.”"

Bolin, who only played fusion jazz had no collection or even heard of the band's discography and their image before. Despite this, the audition went well in the process, and Bolin was asked to join immediately. Bolin admired the band's playing skills, but his decision to join was probably also influenced by the desire to gain visibility and money to promote his solo career. After weeks of rumors, the band announced Blackmore's departure and Bolin joining in June 1975.

The new lineup was positively well-received and motivated. The rest of the band got along with Bolin, who was cheerful and outgoing compared to Blackmore's personality, cited as argumentative and very difficult. Particularly, Bolin and Hughes became close friends. Blackmore had considered Bolin a good choice as his successor.

Deep Purple's managers were concerned about Bolin's timing schedule amidst his personal ventures. In addition, Bolin had to record and promote his upcoming solo album. The band had come into an agreement to lightly step away from their tight working pace in order to give Bolin some time to focus on his solo career during breaks.

Songwriting and production
Recordings took place at Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany from 3 August to 1 September 1975. Most of the album's material had already been composed before the recordings began. The songs were mainly written by Coverdale and Bolin. Bolin had a lot of usable material from his previous bands, many of which he had written with his friend Jeff Cook. The band members allowed Bolin to compose quite freely, satisfying him. The album was produced by Martin Birch in collaboration with the band, while Ian Paice joined Birch to mix the record.,

Unlike Blackmore, Bolin used a lot of effect pedals and other effects in his playing and used the opportunities brought by the studio much more than Blackmore. On the album, for example, overlapping guitar tracks were frequently used. Keyboardist Jon Lord is in the background for much of the album, except for his solos on "Love Child" and the keyboard-driven "This Time Around" on which he plays all the instruments.

The recordings were made difficult by the members' substance abuse problems. Bolin was in Europe for the first time and headed to the nightclubs of Munich as soon as he arrived. Before leaving, he took the five sleeping pills given to the band due to the time difference. Bolin used heroin and other opioids irregularly but often. The other members at that time did not know the seriousness of the situation. Hughes, on the other hand, had been addicted to cocaine for some time. The road crew tried to prevent drug use by hiding the drugs supplied to members and beating up drug dealers, but the attempts were mostly unsuccessful. Drugs were smuggled to Bolin and Hughes, among other things, inside hollowed-out books. Hughes was sent to London for drug rehab after being beaten by a rowdy. The public was told that Hughes had a liver infection.

Due to his absence, Hughes sings significantly less on the album than on the previous two Deep Purple albums. His and Coverdale's joint singing, which colored previous albums, can only be heard on Come Taste the Band's last song "You Keep On Moving". Along with Coverdale, Bolin also sings in the song "Dealer". The original version of the song was performed by Hughes, but after he had to withdraw, Coverdale recorded a new vocal track instead. Coverdale and Hughes also had a dispute over the division of singing parts. Hughes had time to record most of the bass tracks before he left, but the song "Comin' Home" features Bolin on bass. After the recordings, the other members made Hughes' continuation in the band a condition that he take care of himself.

After the completion of Come Taste the Band, Bolin completed his solo album Teaser. Both Hughes and Lord contributed to the album, although they are not credited. During Deep Purple's hiatus, Lord composed and recorded his solo album Sarabande.

Music and lyrics
Come Taste the Band differs from Deep Purple's previous output due to its strong funk and blues influence. According to Mika Järvinen, the album was a "radical and brave... attempt to completely reform". Despite this, the whole is more rock-style than the band's previous album Stormbringer, which was heavily influenced by black music. Stormbringer's style had divided the band's fans, and Coverdale had already promised before Bolin joined that the band would return to rock on their next album.

In the practice sessions of the first weeks of Mark IV, the band has played long and free-form improvisations. Come Taste the Band, on the other hand, has almost no such parts. According to AllMusic, the genres of the album are listed as arena rock, hard rock and heavy metal. According to Rolling Stone contemporary assessment, the album continues the funk style of the band's previous two albums but also has an aspiration back to the progressive rock of the band's early days.

Comin' Home
Come Taste the Band's opening track "Comin' Home" combines Deep Purple's old and new style. Paice's drum intro starts the song that was used similar to the concerts of the band's previous line-up. Guitarist Tommy Bolin's playing style using effects brings something new to the song. The composition represents energetic, straightforward rock.

Lady Luck
"Comin' Home" is followed by "Lady Luck" in a similar style. It was composed by Jeff Cook, and Bolin brought the song with him when he joined Deep Purple. Bolin had been performing it in his concerts for four years already, but the new band brought out "new aspects" of the composition. Coverdale finished the song and wrote the lyrics about the blue-eyed gypsy queen.

Gettin' Tighter
"Gettin' Tighter" is a guitar-driven and upbeat song sung by Hughes that featured more funk influences than any Deep Purple song ever before. The song originated from a riff invented by Bolin: "I duned it in one practice session. I just rolled... 'Damn, they would enjoy this' [...] I started to feel them and they started to feel me, it was like... giving and taking, that is, musically." The finished composition was credited to Bolin and Hughes.

Dealer
"Dealer" lyrically has a dark tone. Its context shows the story of Coverdale's attempt to talk some sense into Hughes to curb him from addiction. The song also features a couple of bars of Bolin's vocals.

I Need Love
In the last song of the A-side, "I Need Love", Coverdale sings about sex, a topic that had already become his trademark. The song also features a female backup singer.

Drifter
The B-side starts with the fast-paced "Drifter", which had already been completed during the Pirate studio's rehearsals. The song's riff is a bit reminiscent of Blackmore's song "Mistreated".

Love Child
"Love Child" is reminiscent of Led Zeppelin songs, and the guitar riff in the chorus is borrowed from Bolin's previous band, The James Gang. Jon Lord's keyboard work is also a significant part.

This Time Around/Owed to 'G'
"This Time Around" is a calm piano ballad, with Hughes singing over Lord's keyboard accompaniment. The song serves as the intro to Tommy Bolin's solo number "Owed to 'G'" instrumental. The composition originated from Bolin and Lord jamming into the double-jointed track. The letter G was a tribute to composer George Gershwin, whose compositions inspired Deep Purple's songs "Black Night" and "Burn". In some circumstance, the title is split in separate tracks themselves in some reissued pressings.

You Keep On Moving
The LP ends with "You Keep On Moving", in which Coverdale and Hughes perform their joint vocals for the only time on the album, which had played an important part in the previous two Deep Purple albums. Coverdale and Hughes composed the song back in 1974 before Bolin joined. This did not contribute to the composition, but his guitar playing is heavily featured in the song. "You Keep On Moving" was released in the UK as the album's only single, and many contemporary critics considered it the album's best. Dave Thompson has described it as "an eerily gallant ballad with a hint of Queen."

Same in L.A.
The unfinished song "Same in LA" was left over from the recordings, which was possibly intended as a single. There are a few bars of vocals at the beginning of the song, but the rest of the recording consists of just the accompaniment. The song is included as a bonus track on some reissues, particularly the 30th-anniversary set.

Artwork
The name of the album is a translation of the statement "come taste the wine" appearing in the musical Cabaret. While drinking wine, Bol's invention turns this into "come taste the band". The cover art was developed by Castle, Chappell & Partners, who were also responsible for the cover of Deep Purple's Fireball album. For the cover, the band used a wine glass engraved with calligraphy, by Ken Cooper.

Marketing and promotion
The album was released on 7 November 1975 by their own alliance-distributed label, Purple Records. The record spawned only two singles separately: "You Keep On Moving" in the UK, and "Gettin' Tighter" in the US.

Deep Purple's fans were mostly teenagers and young adults. In an interview with Radio Luxembourg, Ian Paice said that the members were aware that the band's traditional audience would not like songs like "You Keep On Moving". Instead, the band wanted to reach a new, younger audience, which at the time of the release of the band's first hits had only been in childhood. Deep Purple's musical style had changed before. Traditionally, the band had marketed their albums through tours, the success of which had proven the viability of varying line-ups. Come Taste the Band's tour, on the other hand, failed miserably.

In its commercial outlook, sales numbers for Come Taste the Band were moderately successful, but did not do well compared to the previous albums alone. It did not top in any of the top spots in every country. In the UK, the album charted at #19 but held its placement for 4 weeks after its release. In the US, it only peaked at #43 by the second week of 1976 and continued to stay on the charts for 14 weeks. The only highest numbers the album charted were in New Zealand and Norway, peaking at #6. Despite this, the record earned a silver certification in their native country, selling over 60,000 copies by BPI at the beginning of November before its official UK release. The album was in fact considered a commercial disappointment in Deep Purple studio album discography of the 1970s, particularly in America, where it has not attained any certification as of present.

Touring

"'We traveled the world and destroyed Deep Purple's reputation everywhere we played.' - Jon Lord (1995)'"

Conflicts arose between the members of Deep Purple even before the tour began. Bolin, who used to enjoy artistic freedom, became frustrated when he was asked to play Blackmore-era songs in the style of his predecessor. This was made especially bitter by the fact that Bolin had to testify in court about Blackmore's wife's infidelity. After the tour began, it was revealed that Bolin did not know Blackmore's songs properly. Along with them, the band performed all the songs from the new album at some point during the tour. Bolin and Lord also played long improvised guitar and keyboard solos, which, unlike before, were performed as separate solo numbers from the actual songs. In addition, the band performed the songs "Wild Dogs", "Marching Powder" and "Homeward Strut" from Bolin's Teaser album. Bolin sang his solo song himself.

Problems on the tour were caused by the drug problems of the members. During rehab, Hughes had reduced his cocaine use, but at the same time became dependent on diazepam, which is used to treat withdrawal symptoms. Bolin, on the other hand, used large amounts of heroin, which was revealed to the other members only after the tour had already started. In the Goldmine magazine, however, a person close to the band remarked: "The problem wasn't so much that Tommy liked drugs, but that the other band members weren't into it. He was in his own worlds for a long time, and the others didn't understand at all what was going on." Conflicts were also caused by the band members' sexual infidelity: Bolin's girlfriend had an affair with Hughes, and Hughes' girlfriend with Lord.

The managers decided to start the tour from the Far East so that the new line-up could gain experience and not hear about possible failures in Europe and America. The first concert was in Hawaii, after which the band moved to New Zealand and Australia. The concerts were very successful and especially in New Zealand the band gathered record audiences. A documentary about the band was also filmed for local television.

In December 1975, Deep Purple was slated to play in Indonesia. The band had been told that it would perform for around 7,000 to 10,000 people, but the actual venue was a stadium that held 125,000. In addition, the band was required to perform on two nights, even though it only received compensation for one small concert. The group was paid a total of $11,000 (£4950; around £36,650 in 2023) for the Indonesian concerts, while the practical share of the box office revenue would have been around $750,000 (£338,000; around £2,500,000 in 2023), coming with more than 100,000 in attendance. Deep Purple tour manager Rob Cooksey told Chris Charlesworth writing in his 1983 book Deep Purple: The Illustrated Biography that "it was a set-up...as we were on our way from Australia to Japan and had our own plane, it seemed like a good way to pick up some extra money." 6,000 police officers equipped with machine guns and Dobermanns acted as orderlies. The first concert was chaotic and 20 minutes later, the band stopped playing. The latter eventually escalated into a huge riot. On the night between concerts, one of the band's bodyguards fell into an elevator shaft; he survived but died shortly after that. Hughes, Cooksey, and one of the crew members were later arrested on suspicion of murder. The next morning, a judge in military uniform declared the incident an accident and ordered the detainees to redeem their passports for $2,000 (£900). Lord and Hughes later speculated that it was a murder to extort money from the band. When the band tried to leave Indonesia, another $10,000 (£4500) was demanded, citing fake airport expenses.

While touring in Indonesia, Bolin spiked his hand with low-quality heroin, as a result of which the hand became numb and Bolin could not play properly. To the other members of the band, he claimed that he had a nervous breakdown about sleeping on his hand. The problems continued in Japan by the end of December, where the band played four concerts, ultimately would later release their live album, Last Concert in Japan recorded on 15 December 1975 at Nippon Budokan, on 16 March 1977. The live album would only become a success in Japan, but Hughes called it an "awful record," blaming Bolin's heroin addiction for his mediocre playing. At this point, Bolin had to use open tuning and Jon Lord played the guitar parts on his organ.

At the beginning of 1976, Deep Purple went on a US tour. Since Bolin was playing in his home country, he was more confident about the show in America and hoped that it would go along well as planned. The tour, which lasted just under two months, included a total of 30 shows, and when they ended, the band was badly overworked. The original plan was to take a break and resume performances only in the summer. However, the managers arranged a five-concert tour in Britain for the band as early as March. Coverdale, Lord, and Paice were given six days of leave to rest, while Bolin and Hughes partied throughout.

The UK tour was controversial and the concert reviews were strongly negative. Because of Bolin's and Hughes' drug use, the level of concerts varied greatly, and Bolin's performance was further undermined by the audience's loud demand for Blackmore's return. The band's mood was also affected by the poor success of Come Taste the Band. Coverdale was frustrated by Bolin's and Hughes' vocal parts, as well as the long instrumental parts, during which he had little to do as a singer. In addition, the members disagreed about the band's musical line: Coverdale, Lord, and Paice wanted to stick to rock, while Bolin and Hughes were more interested in funk.

Disbandment and aftermath
The tour's final concert was on 15 March 1976 in Liverpool Empire Theatre, where Hughes apologized to the audience for the band's poor performance in a fake American accent. After the concert, Lord and Paice decided to end the band's activities and take a break from touring. After a while, Coverdale arrived in tears and announced that he was leaving, to which Lord and Paice replied that it was not possible because Deep Purple no longer existed.

After tours for this album concluded, the public announcement for their breakup was not announced until July 1976, with then-manager Rob Cooksey issuing a statement: "The band will not record or perform together as Deep Purple again". Before this, Bolin had already told in an interview that he was waiting for the band to start working on the next Deep Purple album. Along with the drug problem, the group's breakup was influenced by the harsh work schedule and the managers' reluctance to organize vacations for the members.

Roger Glover, who played in Deep Purple between 1969 and 1973 and again from 1984, pondered the matter: "Only when bands have failed is it possible to think about the causes of the problems. – Who knows where the band would have developed with Tommy Bolin? It could have become hugely popular. If that had happened, the attitude towards his composition could be different now."

After the disbandment, Bolin formed his own band that toured in support of Peter Frampton and Jeff Beck, including the recording of his second solo album Private Eyes. However, his contentment was short-lived as Bolin died of multiple drug intoxication on 4 December 1976 caused by heroin, alcohol, cocaine, and barbiturates. Bolin was 25 years old.

Coverdale then retreated to his permanent residence in Germany, where he embarked on a solo career, releasing two of his solo albums, White Snake and Northwinds. After that, he put his arrangements together with his band, later named Whitesnake. Members from the Deep Purple 'Mark I-IV' lineup, Lord and Paice joined Coverdale's group not long during the period of early Whitesnake's albums: Trouble and Lovehunter was released, with longtime producer Martin Birch worked on their records.

Overall, Deep Purple's split would last for eight years until the reformation of the 'Mark II' lineup that would eventually produce the band's 1984 comeback album, Perfect Strangers.

Reissue
Released on 25 October 2010, the 2-CD Deluxe 35th Anniversary edition includes the original album in remastered form plus a rare US single edit of "You Keep On Moving" on the first disc, a full album remix produced by Kevin Shirley, and two unissued tracks on the second disc: "Same in LA" a three-minute out-take from the final release in 1975, and "Bolin/Paice Jam" a five-minute instrumental jam with Bolin and Ian Paice.

Critical reception
In recent years Come Taste the Band was met with some critical reassessment "on its own merits", in part due to Bolin's contributions to the album, ranging from widespread critical acclaim from journalists and mainstream publications, including Rolling Stone and BBC Music. Ian Gillan (who left the band just over two years prior), on the other hand, has stated that he does not view the album as a real Deep Purple album. Ritchie Blackmore has been generally positive when asked for his thoughts on the album, and praised Bolin as a guitarist. Lord praised the quality of the album years later in interviews, stating that "listening to it now, it's a surprisingly good album," while acknowledging, "the worst thing you can say about it, and it's not that bad, is that, in most people's opinion, it's not a Deep Purple album."

According to Dave Thompson, "it didn't get rave reviews, it didn't have any weak songs and it wasn't a bad record, but it didn't...sound like Deep Purple". However, reviews from professional critics were mostly positive. Fanfares review called Come Taste the Band their best since Machine Head and NMEs their best since Deep Purple in Rock.

Kris Nicholson from Rolling Stone was favorable of the record, praising Bolin as a more versatile guitarist than his predecessor, and the album's new stylistic directions as perfect territory conquests for Deep Purple. According to Nicholson, with the help of Bolin, Deep Purple had gotten rid of the predictability of their previous albums and now relied on melody and dynamics instead of volume. "The obvious desire for experimentation has expanded the band's music outside the heavy metal prison", and Nicholson hopes the band will rediscover the progressiveness of their early days, which it had lost after Deep Purple in Rock.

UK magazine, Sounds, later published as Classic Rock gave an enthusiastic response, according to Geoff Barton, that Bolin brought new energy to the band, as a result of which you can feel the joy of playing in the music for a long time. Bolin's playing is fluid but restrained, and the overall impression is more free-form and good-natured than Deep Purple's previous albums. He added that it was clearly an "above-average rock album". However, Barton questioned whether it was good enough to guarantee the band's longetivity.

In the 35th Anniversary Edition review in 2010, BBC Music's Greg Moffitt gave a mixed reaction, replying that the album was "far from a disaster, particularly on its own terms," despite that the lineup was entirely "completed [...] into an entirely different beast." He also added that it was underpowered and way "too relaxed for its own good." However, to finish it off with a positive response, saying that it is a "harmless little sparkler where once there was a ton of TNT."

Circus gave it as a concept album about "psychic dislocations" of rock life. In a more negative approach, Steve Peacock, writing for British magazine, Street Life, criticized the formulaic songs and their "banal" lyrics.

Record World said that the single "Gettin' Tighter" "shows the group at its best: rockin' up a storm."

Track listings
All lead vocals by David Coverdale unless noted.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
 * Deep Purple
 * David Coverdale – lead and backing vocals
 * Tommy Bolin – lead & acoustic guitars, backing vocals; bass guitar (track 1), co-lead vocals (track 4)
 * Jon Lord – keyboards, piano, synthesizer, backing vocals
 * Glenn Hughes – bass guitar, co-vocals (all but track 1), lead vocals (tracks 3 & 8)
 * Ian Paice – drums

 * Production
 * Produced by Martin "The Wasp" Birch and Deep Purple
 * Engineered by Martin Birch
 * Final mix by Martin Birch and Ian Paice
 * Cover photography by Peter Williams
 * Remastered by Dave Schultz and Bill Inglot at Digiprep, Los Angeles
 * 2010 remix by Kevin Shirley at The Cave, Malibu, California
 * Mastered by Bob Ludwig

title: Come Taste the Band


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USNS Rappahannock

USNS Rappahannock is a Henry J. Kaiser-class replenishment oiler underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to support ships of the United States Navy.

Construction and delivery
Rappahannock, the eighteenth ship and final ship of the Henry J. Kaiser class and the second U.S. Navy ship named for the Rappahannock River in Virginia, was laid down at Avondale Shipyard, Inc., at New Orleans, Louisiana, on 29 March 1992 and launched on 14 January 1995. She was one of only three of the eighteen Henry J. Kaiser-class ships – the other two being USNS Patuxent (T-AO-201) and USNS Laramie (T-AO-203) – to be built with a double bottom in order to meet the requirements of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Hull separation is 6 ft at the sides and 6 ft on the bottom, reducing her liquid cargo capacity by about 21000 oilbbl from that of the 15 ships of her class without a double bottom.

Rappahannock entered non-commissioned U.S. Navy service under the control of Military Sealift Command with a primarily civilian crew on 7 November 1995.

Service history
Rappahannock serves in the United States Pacific Fleet.

During Operation Tomodachi, Rappahannock delivered fuel, stores and humanitarian relief supplies to USS Blue Ridge (LCC-19) for transport to mainland Japan. Rappahannock then loaded diesel and aviation fuel at Sasebo, Japan, on 24 March before sailing for Gwangyang, South Korea, arriving 27 March. There, Rappahannock loaded 289 pallets of bottled water, which the ship delivered to Yokosuka, Japan, 30 March. Less than 24 hours later, the ship was underway again in the direction of Sendai. Rappahannock completed 10 underway replenishment missions delivering more than 2.4 million gallons of fuel.

On 16 July 2012, the Rappahannock was involved in an incident in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Dubai with an Indian fishing boat. The US Navy Fifth Fleet said that the boat approached the ship despite several warnings, although this was disputed by those on board the boat. "An embarked security team aboard a U.S. Navy vessel fired upon a small motor vessel after it disregarded warnings and rapidly approached the U.S. ship," Lt. Greg Raelson, media officer for U.S. Navy, said in an e-mailed statement. According to the Navy's Central Command Public Affairs, the Navy vessel followed its force protocol by first attempting to warn away the approaching craft with a series of non-lethal procedures using voice, radio, and lights. After those failed the Rappahannock escalated to lethal force, firing on the approaching vessel with a .50-caliber machine gun, killing an Indian fisherman on board and wounding three others.

On 16 October 2019, the Rappahannock conducted a replenishment-at-sea for the amphibious assault ship USS Boxer (LHD-4) in the South China Sea.

title: USNS Rappahannock


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Talk:Women followers of Jesus

Untitled
Hidden editorial comment moved from article:

The following do not yet have articles:
 * Mary, the mother of James and Joseph
 * Mary, the mother of James and John (the sons of Zebedee)
 * Mary, the wife of Cleophas
 * Sister of Mary, Jesus's aunt
 * Anonymous female disciples of jesus (Mark 1:31,15:41; Matthew 9:20-22,14:21,15:22; Luke 8:3, 13:11-13; John 4:7-26)
 * Of course, this article would be the perfect place for information on anonymous female disciples of Jesus. -Acjelen 21:24, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

See also:
 * Mary, the mother of John Mark

Immediate family are NOT disciples
Mary Mother of Jesus was NOT a disciple - she didn't even propmote her son's messiahship for she was scared that he would be physically harmed. Mary Magdalean was Jesus' wife, therefore, she was NOT a disciple. - Brad Watson, Miami 71.196.11.183 (talk) 21:15, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Mary Magdalene was not married to Jesus he had no wife — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.75.152.146 (talk) 03:01, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

Immediate family are both disciples and apostles
Family were both apostles and key disciples of Christ. The sister Mary Salome was an apostle as were her children John and James ,the nephews of Christ, for example.

The term disciple means follower as opposed to apostle which means to be sent out with a message and implies those chosen by Christ to continue his work whereas all who love Christ are called disciples. However Mary,mother of Christ was both. In the apocryha, Mary is called as an apostle by Christ and is named as one of the seven women he called to represent the larger seven inner and female gates. Christ called twelve men to represent the smaller twelve outer and male gates.

We can infer that Christ names the seven spinal column energy centers known today as chakras as the seven inner gates and seven golden candlesticks. The twelve outer gates are probably the smaller spheres on the human energy body which are enumerated as only ten sephira of Kaballah today. The Tree of Life is a human archetype and a mapping of the energy centres of the human body which can be ascended in vibration to attain henios, unio mystica, samadhi, and nirvana. Through the ascension of the vibration, the human attains the mystic abilities to feel,see,hear and call clairsentiently and to fly from the body in projection.

These texts citing the oppression of the Mother Goddess in Abrahamic religions are vital to human understanding beyond their religious or spiritual import. Religion has been used to usurp the power of birth from the female gender and to oppress women in poverty. Religion continues to do so.

It is through education that humanity may learn from its past and change its future to become a people with more compassion, tolerance and mercy whether they espouse to do so in the image of the Elohim or as secular humanists.

Mary Magdalene was not a possessed prostitute. She was the one called by Christ to be the apostle to the apostles and was the beloved of Christ. Christ taught that all humans are born with both an angel and a demon in each of the seven inner gates. Christ taught that only Mary had been cleansed of her seven inner demons and only John was born cleansed of his.

Rather than elevating her to the importance of a Gospel author and leader of the church, Peter and his faction threatened her life and she escaped into exile with the Mother of Christ and John to live on an island off of Turkey. Her works were sublimated and she became demonised as was Ba'el, a Semitic God name meaning the Body of God, who became Bealzebub the demon Lord of the Flies, when his priests were slaughtered in horrific betrayal at the river.

It is a Abrahamic precedent to demonise feminism. Ba'el was the consort of Asher and so he fell as did the Asherah Poles from the Temple of Solomon. At a time when more people are becoming atheists, it is perhaps too late to bring those who believe in God to the understanding that God never divorced his wife or said he was a jealous God. The Goddess never died.

Lilith was once the virgin maiden protector of the Tree of Life in the Epic of Gilgamesh before she became the succubus and serpent of that Tree in Eden, centuries later. We need to examine these rewritings of the mythos and understand the subjugation of women as a people so we might overwrite that mysogynist discourse which permeates society, still. Catherine Curran (talk) 03:27, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not the place to do this. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 16:19, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

All are disciples...!
In this article all women appearing in the Gospel texts, named or unnamed, are listed as 'probable disciples of Jesus', Even those who do not appear, as is the case of the wives of the apostles... This is ridiculous and cannot be proved, anyway. And what about Pilate's wife? Also a disciple? --Zerged (talk) 07:55, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Women followers of Jesus