text:
User talk:Gonzalo...1960

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
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Yet another Welcome
Bienvenido! Que tal? So, you've finally decided to join! I am by the way studying Spanish as well as Japanese, French and Latin. Ojala que sea mas popular castellano en filipinas. I think they should allow Spanish media in Cavite and Zamboannga and also Spanish scholls since they have Chinese schools.

This is my typical welcome:

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

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Again, welcome!

--Jondel 01:52, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Filipino Wikipedians
Hi, you were listed in the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Philippines page as living in or being associated with Philippines. As part of the Wikipedia:User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please add Gonzalo...1960 to your user page. Thanks. :) Coffee 03:28, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Since you seem to be inactive (at least for the past week), I went ahead and put the category on your user page. Coffee 07:21, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

The Tornatrás and the wider Spanish-Filipino population
Hello. The Tornatrás article states that they are of mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino extraction, which by definition makes them mestizos. As for Spanish-Filipinos as a whole, well, not all would necessarily be mestizo, that’s why I removed the article from the category. —Lagalag 21:51, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Philippine WikiCon
You are invited to the 3rd Philippine Wiki Conference (WikiCon) on May 26, 2012 9am-1pm at the co.lab.exchange in Pasig City. Please fill this form should you signify interest. --Exec8 (talk) 17:45, 6 May 2012 (UTC)

Proposed blackout in protest of RA 10175
Dear ,

Greetings!

As a Filipino Wikipedian, I hope you are aware of the passage of Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, which was signed into law by President Benigno Aquino III on September 12, 2012. Currently, there is a discussion on the Tambayan, the noticeboard for Philippines-related topics, about a proposed blackout of the English Wikipedia in the Philippines in order to protest the passage of RA 10175, similar to the blackout against SOPA and PIPA held earlier this year. I feel that your input on the subject will definitely help in the discussion.

Please feel free to participate in the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Tambayan Philippines, and I hope your input will help the Filipino Wikipedia community determine which is the best course of action against this law. Similarly, we hope to get as much input from as many Wikipedians as possible.

Thank you and maraming salamat po!

Kind regards,

Sky Harbor (talk) 04:36, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gonzalo...1960


text:
User talk:Blx~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Anarchism in Spain
Yeah, I'm done working on it for the time being. As for the quotes - you could probably convey the necessary information without them. In some instances, they have probably already been translated (the Orwell quotes, for instance). That would make it easier. --Tothebarricades 03:08, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

Help with Translation!?
Can you help translate this for me to swedish? Many thanks in advance!

''Albania is also rich in rivers and streams with significant hydroelectric potential. These have been exploited quite effectively, making the country an energy exporter. A number of huge hydroelectric power plants have been built, mainly on the Drin River, and more than half of the country's arable land is irrigated, largely from the artificial reservoirs created upstream of the dams.''

--Armour 10:04, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Blx. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Blx~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:41, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:08, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Blx~enwiki


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Barry and Sally Childs-Helton

Barry and Sally Childs-Helton are a husband-and-wife duo of filk performers based in Indianapolis, IN. Barry is an accomplished guitarist and prolific songwriter, while Sally is a creative percussionist (as well as a certified Music for People improvisation teacher ). Their eclectic repertoire ranges from clever parodies to lyrically dense "space music," mining diverse musical genres including folk, blues, rock and jazz. Both Barry and Sally have doctorate degrees in folklore from Indiana University, and the title of their album Paradox is an intentional pun. (However, Sally's song Alphabet Soup can be read as her commentary on academia.) They are legacy members of The Black Book Band (active 1990–1998) and current members of Wild Mercy (2002-present). Together they have been nominated 21 times for the Pegasus Award given by the Ohio Valley Filk Fest, collecting 5 trophies. In 2003, they were inducted into the Filk Hall of Fame.

Discography

 * Escape from Mundania 1987, Space Opera House - cassette
 * Paradox 1989, Space Opera House - cassette
 * First Contact 1995, Dodeka Records (with Black Book Band) - cassette
 * First Contact 1997, Dodeka Records (with Black Book Band) - CD with bonus tracks
 * Tempus Fugitives 2001, Dodeka Records - CD compilation of selected tracks from Escape from Mundania and Paradox
 * Summer Storm 2003, Small Green Alien Productions (with Wild Mercy) - CD
 * Furious Fancies 2005, Small Green Alien Productions (with Wild Mercy) - CD
 * Dream of a Far Light 2008, Small Green Alien Productions (with WIld Mercy) - CD
 * The Summers Behind You 2015, Dragon Scale Studios (Barry solo) - CD

Pegasus Awards

 * 1988 Best Performer
 * 1993 (Barry) Best Space Song (Lightsailor)
 * 1994 (w/ Black Book Band) Best Performer
 * 2012 (w/ Wild Mercy) Best Performer
 * 2016 (Barry) Best Writer/Composer

Pegasus Nominations (individually and jointly)

 * Best Writer/Composer - 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2015
 * Best Performer - 1991, 1993, 2008, 2009
 * Best Genre Crossover - 1992, 1993
 * Best Fannish Song - 1990
 * Best Love Song - 1991
 * Best End of the World Song - 2000
 * Best Risque Song - 1994
 * Best Filk Song - 2010
 * Best Classic Filk Song - 2016, 2017

title: Barry and Sally Childs-Helton


text:
Talk:Drawbridge mentality

Untitled
I have removed the stub article since it is an article of appropriate length. Alan Liefting 01:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

"more unspoiled communities" - changed to the grammatically simpler 'less spoiled'. --duncan 20:20, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, "more unspoiled" and "less spoiled" don't necessarily mean the same thing. The former (in context) means "more pristine" or "more corrupted" (i.e. by civilization), whereas the latter means "less pampered".  I'm switching it back, because it makes more sense in context. Aaronak 00:34, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

How do you have more of un-______? ie: "This unspoiled nature is great, but it needs more nature." Doesn't make sense.68.180.38.41 (talk) 10:07, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

How does Cul-de-sac become a "see also" on this article?

I wondered the same thing.68.180.38.41 (talk) 10:07, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

The article doesn't really explain the main metaphorical implication of the term, that they want to pull up the drawbridge behind them as they enter the castle... AnonMoos 00:19, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

"I like this place the way the way it is. Nobody else is allowed to move here."68.180.38.41 (talk) 10:07, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

I still continue to not understand how Wikipedia editors can tag articles for lack of references, and then not spend 30 seconds to search for a reference. Here is one, should anyone bother to format it correctly. http://www.orangecoastmagazine.com/article.aspx?id=594 Of course, I am not bothering to correct the article, just complain about it. 12.210.40.181 (talk) 12:37, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Sub-par description
As with many minor, politics-related articles, this article does a poor job of explaining what the term actually means, instead discussing the political context it is used in and some case studies where the term was used. I don't know enough about the topic at hand to change it, but the opening paragraph should explain what the phrase "draw-bridge" actually means here. Thanuhrei (talk) 19:39, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drawbridge mentality


text:
Talk:Shah Alam

Regarding the Blue Mosque's Dome and Minarets
1. - I'm referring to the section pertaining to the Shah Alam mosque with noticeable use of weasel words.

I believe that the contributor should state the source of this observation together with references to other mosques of similar stature.

Also, why are the minarets disputably among the tallest in the world as stated in the article? Tallest in the world compared to which mosque(s)? And why is it disputed in accordance to which source of research? I suggest that it is useful to cite examples of other tall minarets in the world to back up the claim and compare rather than adopting what could potentially be a weasel word.

Another phrase Again, I call upon the contributor to back up his/her claims. I reckon that this is a deviation from a NPOV article. I suppose it is fair if the author explains what can be meant by the term 'Muslim-city' and how does one readily identify such a city where encountered so as not to lead to a wrong assumption of such a term.

2.- The phrase is also without a proper citation or reference. It is not to be presumed that just because a city is composed primarily of the well-to-do classes means that it would be immediately borne in mind that such a city would have a lower crime rate than most other cities of a wider social strata. Again, please back up these claims by use of crime rate data obtained from the local police or relevant authorities. - 218.208.237.114 13:55, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am not the original contributor, but I can say that the source of this observation is from a sign engraved on red granite on the grounds of the Blue Mosque. The sign, written in both Bahasa Melayu and English, has a brief history of the mosque and a description of the four minarets' height and the height and width of the dome.  I was at this mosque a little over two weeks ago (as I write this), and personally took a photograph of the red granite sign in question.

 * Also, why are the minarets disputably among the tallest in the world as stated in the article? Tallest in the world compared to which mosque(s)? And why is it disputed in accordance to which source of research? I suggest that it is useful to cite examples of other tall minarets in the world to back up the claim and compare rather than adopting what could potentially be a weasel word.

 * Again, this claim is per the red granite sign at the mosque. Actually, according to the sign, the minarets are not "among the tallest in the world," they are the tallest in the world.  Whether this claim is still true, I couldn't say. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dunner99 (talk • contribs) 15:24, 21 June 2006

I have updated the detail and citations on the Mosque. Using several sources I cross checked the details. I cited the detail in the article to the Malaysian government Tourism website 1. Tourism Malaysia, 2. Malaysian Ministry of Tourism-VirtualMalaysia.com. I have added some further detail on the construction, materials, design and finishes. I have also added some small detail on the surrounding gardens, upped the accommodation number to 24,000 worshippers at any one time as that seems to be the more 'official' and current figure. I have also linked the detail to various WP articles as appropriate. I have also added ext links to malaysian gov ministry of tourism and malaysian gov of tourism malaysia website virtual malaysia.

Need help
Can someone help identify the remaining sections in the city sections map. I couldn't get enough info to finish the SVG image. thanks --Bukhrin (talk) 14:19, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Economy ?
I have this strange feeling that there is something missing from the Economy section. Especially as I was led here from an article about Lotus cars, some of which are/were manufactured here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.217.89.63 (talk) 18:45, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

GA-evaluation
Hi, this article has been GA-tagged. May I know where is the Wikipedia page for its GA evaluation? Because we need to include that right below the WikiProject banners template. Thanks :) Chongkian (talk) 02:04, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:40, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Flag of Shah Alam, Selangor.jpg

title: Talk:Shah Alam


text:
User talk:Alexyfrangieh

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
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Images
Hi there! I see you've uploaded a number of images to Wikipedia and used them in articles. Could you please TAG them? I've temporarily classified them as "fairuseunsure"; if you took the photos yourself, you may release them into the public domain. Images that are not tagged risk deletion, which would be a pity as you've uploaded some really wonderful images. David Cannon 12:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Marada.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Marada.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. BRossow 01:27, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Since no copyright information was given, this image has been deleted. If you re-upload it please be sure to add information on its copyright status. If it is uploaded again without appropriate copyright tags it will be summarily deleted. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 22:12, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Gen.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Gen.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 11:44, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Nrw2.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Nrw2.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:07, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexyfrangieh


text:
User talk:JetBlack944

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Calm cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Calm cover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 19:35, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:JetBlack944


text:
Tanjong Pagar United FC

Tanjong Pagar United Football Club is a professional football club based in Queenstown, Singapore. The club competes in the Singapore Premier League, the top tier of Singaporean football.

Tanjong Pagar United took part in the S.League from 1996 to 2004, and from 2011 to 2014. The club withdrew from the league after the 2004 season because of financial problems, but returned in 2011, with several similar breaks meanwhile. The club has since returned from 2020 onwards.

Early years and formation (1974–1996)
Prior to the formation of the S.League, the club were formed as Tiong Bahru Constituency Sports Club in 1975 and debuted in Division III of the National Football League, from which they were promoted as champions in 1978. This was followed by a second successive promotion in 1979, bringing the Jaguars to Division I. In 1982, they won the President's Cup and the following year, they were national league champions. They represented Singapore in the 1984 ASEAN Club Games, finishing third, then captured The Double in 1987.

The early 1990s saw further successes, as they were Pools Cup winners in 1991 and 1993, finished runners-up in the FAS Premier League from 1991 to 1993 and bagged the FA Cup in 1994.

S. League era (1996–2004)
Their strong performances led to their selection as one of eight clubs to compete in the newly 1996 S.League season, so they were renamed to Tiong Bahru Football Club and obtained a permanent home at the Queenstown Stadium.

In 1998, the club changed it named to Tanjong Pagar United and Lim Tong Hai captained the club in its debut season to a Singapore Cup and Singapore FA Cup double.

Dissolvement (2004–2010)
In the 2004 season, Tanjong Pagar United went through a period of difficult times where they sit at the bottom of the league table throughout the entire season. They manage to record a total of 4 wins, 5 draws and 18 losses thus seeing the club being dissolved at the end of the season due to financial problems where France defender Gimmy Bade was converted to the play in the forward position for some matches. At the end of the season, All of the club foreign players, Gimmy Bade and Jean-Marc Audemar, Benoît Salviat and Nicodeme Boucher eventually left the club.

Return of the club (2011–2014)
In the 2011 season, Tanjong Pagar United replaced Beijing Guoan Talent for the S.League spot and therefore returned to action after a six years hiatus. The Jaguars signed Korean duo Kim Seong-kyu and Kim Jong-oh, Japanese Takaya Kawanabe from J1 League side, Omiya Ardija and France player, Cyril Bagnost. The Jaguars finished the season with 3 wins, 5 draws and 27 losses finishing in 11th out of 12th position in the league.

In the 2012 season. Tanjong Pagar United bought in Gilbert Bayonne, Carlos Delgado and Anthony Aymard in which they ended their season without any slight improvement finishing in the season at the same spot.

In the 2013 season, Tanjong Pagar United reached an agreement with France head coach Patrick Vallee in which he signs France-Algerian forward duoIsmaël Benahmed and Kamel Ramdani, Brazilian-France goalkeeper Aurélien Hérisson, Moroccan Monsef Zerka and retaining Anthony Aymard for the season. The Jaguars season turned out pretty well where they finished in 6th spot out of 12th position in the league. In the 2014 season, The Jaguars signed Sébastien Etiemble to replace Ismaël Benahmed which left for USM Bel Abbès.

Second dissolvement (2015–2019)
The Jaguars also signed Germany youngster Lucas Jester for the Prime League squad. Tanjong Pagar United managed to finished in 9th spot out of 12th in the 2014 S.League which they had to dissolved the club at the end of the season due to another financial problems.

In 2017, the owners of Tanjong Pagar United stated their intent to return to Singapore Premier League for the 2019 season, and in November 2017 applied to FAS to rejoin the league. On the same month, the team also appeals to continue their jackpot operations, which is the source of club's income, after new regulations by the Ministry of Home Affairs forced the club to wind down their operations. But after their appeals were rejected by Ministry of Home Affairs and were ordered to shut down their jackpot operations in April 2018, as of September 2019, there were no further updates from the club regarding this intent.

Returned to action (2020–present)
On 16 January 2020, the Football Association of Singapore confirms Tanjong Pagar United's participation in the 2020 Singapore Premier League season signing Japanese duo Takahiro Tanaka and Shodai Nishikawa and also Brazilians duo Luiz Júnior and Yann Motta. Tanjong Pagar United went on to have their best finished in the league finishing in fifth place during the 2021 season. In the 2023 season, Singaporean star player, Khairul Amri received the "Goal of the Year" award while playing for the club which he scored an scissors kick against Hougang United in a 2–1 away win on 6 April 2023.

On 26 April 2024, Tanjong Pagar United sign Zenivio from Cambodian club, Kirivong Sok Sen Chey in which he became the first Timorese player to play in the league. The club also signed former player Shodai Nishikawa for the 2024–25 season.

.

Stadium
The Jaguars initially played their home games at the Queenstown Stadium since 1970 which can held up to a total of 3,800 spectators however as the Queenstown Stadium was occupied since 2010 by French club Étoile, Tanjong Pagar United was temporarily based at Clementi Stadium for the duration of the 2011 season. However, due to Étoile FC's withdrawal from the league by the end of the 2011 season, Tanjong Pagar United shifted back to Queenstown Stadium for the 2012 season. Ever since they reinstalled back into the league in 2020, they will share the Jurong East Stadium with Albirex Niigata (S) instead.

First-team squad
U23 U23

U23 (on loan from BG Tampines Rovers)

FP U21

U23 U23

Under-21s and Academy
U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21

U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21

On Loan
(National Service till 2023) (National Service till 2024) (National Service till 2025, to Young Lions FC) (National Service till 2025) (National Service till 2025, to Young Lions FC) (National Service till 2026) (National Service till 2026)

Honours
Bold is for those competition that are currently active.

Former managers

 * 🇸🇬 PN Sivaji
 * 🇳🇱 Robert Alberts (1996–98)
 * 🇸🇬 Tohari Paijan (1998–2002)
 * 🇲🇾 Moey Yoke Ham (2003–04)
 * 🇲🇦 Karim Bencherifa (2004)
 * 🇸🇬 Terry Pathmanathan (2011–2012)
 * 🇫🇷 Patrick Vallée (2012–2014)
 * 🇸🇬 Hairi Su'ap (2020)
 * 🇸🇬 Hasrin Jailani (2020–Present)

Seasons

 * The 1996 season of the S.League was split into two series. Tiger Beer Series winners Geylang United defeated Pioneer Series winners Singapore Armed Forces in the Championship playoff to clinch the S.League title.
 * 2003 saw the introduction of penalty shoot-outs if a match ended in a draw in regular time. Winners of penalty shoot-outs gained two points instead of one.
 * Tanjong Pagar United sat out the S.League from 2005 to 2010, and withdrew from the competition between 2015 and 2019.

Statistics and records
As of 8 July 2024.

Top 10 all-time scorers

 * Biggest Wins: 8–1 vs Young Lions (1 October 2022)
 * Heaviest Defeats: 9–0 vs Tampines Rovers (16 March 2004)
 * Youngest Goal scorers: Arisman Arman ~ 18 years 10 months 17 days old (On 19 June 2011 vs Young Lions)
 * Oldest Goal scorers: Daniel Bennett ~ 44 years 7 months 27 days old (On 3 September 2022 vs Hougang United)
 * Youngest ever debutant: George Thomas ~ 16 years 9 months 29 days old (On 10 April 2023 vs Albirex Niigata (S))

title: Tanjong Pagar United FC


text:
Talk:Westminster, Maryland

Joseph Shaw
''In April, 1865, Joseph Shaw, newspaper editor, had his presses wrecked and his business destroyed, and was subsequently beaten and stabbed to death by four men in Westminster, allegedly because of an anti-Lincoln editorial that was published the week before the actual assassination. In a later trial at the Westminster Court House the four men were let off. The reason for the acquittal was "self-defense."''

The wikiLink to Joseph Shaw leads to a person by that name who "was the editor of Black Mask magazine from 1926 to 1936". While it is not completely impossible that this is the same person who had his business destroyed in 1865, it seems a little unlikely. According to http://hscc.carr.org/research/yesteryears/cct2006/060924.htm, the 1865 Shaw was stabbed to death soon after (or during? unclear) the incident. jiHymas@himivest.com 216.191.217.90 19:10, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The link leads to a disambiguation page now, with one of the entries being the Westminster Shaw. Mangollama09 (talk) 04:45, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Westminster, Maryland


text:
Anne Mackintosh

Anne Mackintosh (1723–1784) was a Scottish Jacobite leader, who was the wife of Angus Mackintosh, Chief of the Clan Mackintosh. She was one of very few (apparent) female military leaders during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the first female to hold the rank of colonel in Scotland.

Early life
Born Anne Farquharson at Invercauld Castle, Aberdeenshire in 1723, she was the daughter of John Farquharson of Invercauld, chief of the Clan Farquharson, by his third wife Margaret Murray. Her mother was a daughter of Lord James Murray of Dowally and thus a granddaughter of the Marquis of Atholl and cousin of Lord George Murray. Her family were Jacobite sympathisers. Around 1741 she was married to Angus (or Aeneas) Mackintosh, chief of the Clan Mackintosh, a committed anti-Jacobite.

Jacobite rising of 1745
Early in 1744, Angus Mackintosh was offered one of three new Independent Companies being raised by John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun to support the British-Hanoverian Government. During the Jacobite rising of 1745, Angus' company fought in the Black Watch.

When the Jacobite Prince Charles Edward Stuart landed in Scotland in 1745, Anne Mackintosh, then 22 years old, forcefully raised between 200 and 400 men from Clan Mackintosh and the confederation of Clan Chattan for the Prince. As women could not command in the field, the regiment was placed under the command of Alexander MacGillivray the chief of the Clan MacGillivray, a member of the clan confederation. 'Colonel' Anne's regiment joined the Prince's army at Bannockburn, near Stirling Castle, in January 1746, twelve days before the Battle of Falkirk Muir.

A month later the Prince was staying at Moy Hall, Mackintosh's home. She received a message from her mother-in-law that 1,500 of Lord Loudon's men, including her husband's company stationed 8–12 miles away at Inverness, were planning a night raid on Moy Hall to snatch the Prince (and claim the £30,000 bounty). Mackintosh sent five of her staff out with guns to crash about and shout clan battle cries to trick the Government forces into thinking they were about to face the entire Jacobite army. The ploy worked and the Government force fled. The event became known as "the rout of Moy".

The next month Mackintosh's husband and 300 of Loudon's men were captured north of Inverness by the Jacobite army. The Prince paroled Captain Mackintosh into the custody of his wife, commenting "he could not be in better security, or more honourably treated". She famously greeted him with the words, "Your servant, captain" to which he replied, "your servant, colonel" thereby giving her the nickname "Colonel Anne". She was also called "La Belle Rebelle" (the beautiful rebel) by the Prince himself.

A high number of her men, particularly the Clan Chattan men, and Alexander MacGillivray, were killed at the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746. Their grave is marked by the Well of the Dead on the battlefield. After the Jacobite defeat at Culloden, Mackintosh was arrested and turned over to the care of her mother-in-law for a time. She stepped in to stop Anne McKay, a local Inverness woman who helped Jacobite officer Robert Nairn escape, being whipped through the streets of Inverness. Mackintosh later met Prince William, Duke of Cumberland at a social event in London with her husband. He asked her to dance to a pro-Government tune and she returned the favour by asking him to dance to a Jacobite tune.

Mackintosh died on 2 March 1787 in Leith, the harbour district of Edinburgh. She is buried in Old North Leith Burial Ground on Coburg Street. Her grave is marked by a white Jacobite rose and a commemorative plaque.

Historical fiction

 * Scottish author Janet Paisley has written a novel based on MacKintosh's exploits, "White Rose Rebel", published 2007.
 * Author Marsha Canham has also written an historical romance novel based on MacKintosh's exploits, "Midnight Honor"; book three of a trilogy regarding the Jacobite rising preceded by "The Blood of Roses" and "The Pride of Lions".
 * Portuguese author Hélia Correia has written the historical novel "Lillias Fraser", set in Scotland and Portugal between 1746 and 1762, in which MacKintosh is a secondary character.

title: Anne Mackintosh


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Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)

Centrifugal casting in silversmithing is a casting technique where a small mould is poured, then spun on the end of an arm. The centrifugal force thus generated encourages a successful pour.

Processes
Centrifugal casting, or centrifuging, is used as a means of casting small, detailed parts or jewelry. An articulated arm is free to spin around a vertical axle, which is driven by an electric motor or a spring. The entire mechanism is enclosed in a tub or drum to contain hot metal should the mold break or an excess of metal be used. Single use molds are prepared using the lost wax method. A small amount of metal in a crucible (a sort of ceramic pan) next to the mold is heated with a torch. When the metal is molten the arm is released, forcing (by centrifugal force) the metal into the mold. The high forces imposed on the metal overcome the viscosity, resulting in a finely detailed workpiece. A similar advantage may be obtained by vacuum casting or pressure casting.

For casting of small parts using hot metal, a disk shaped mold is contained within a rotating drum, and molten metal is poured into the center.

Machinery
Many machines are available which can perform centrifugal casting, and they are relatively simple to construct. All that is required is an arm which rotates with an adequate amount of centrifugal force, a container on the end of said arm to hold both a mold and the material to be cast into the mold.

title: Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)


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User talk:Antitrades

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Antitrades


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User talk:Ribbentrop

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  01:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links, nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policy for further explanations. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. Your links appear to be primarily promotional material for book sales. They are not encyclopedic references as they give only truncated excerpts. Please see, in particular, WP:LINKSPAM. Hertz1888 23:55, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Mark McDonald (Editor) moved to draftspace
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title: User talk:Ribbentrop


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Ground Control II: Operation Exodus

Ground Control II: Operation Exodus is a 2004 real-time tactics video game developed by Massive Entertainment. It is a sequel to Ground Control, the award-winning game of the same genre. Much like its predecessor, it features 3D graphics and a fully rotational camera system.

Gameplay
Similar to the first Ground Control, Operation Exodus focuses on combat tactics rather than base construction or managing an economy, but unlike its real-time tactics predecessor, Ground Control II has a resource system called acquisition. Acquisition points are earned through the capturing of victory locations and destruction of enemy forces and allow the player to field units on the battlefield and use the support weapons that are unique to each faction. The game is also significantly faster paced than its predecessor and moves along at a pace similar to real-time strategy games such as Command & Conquer.

The game features a three-sided conflict, but only two of the factions, the Northern Star Alliance and the Viron Nomads, are actually playable. The Terran Empire is a non-playable faction featured only in the single-player campaign. The two playable sides feature a total of 33 units available. All of these units are deployed onto the battlefield through dropships, much like the deployment procedures of its predecessor. These units include infantry, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, aircraft, artillery, and static emplacements. Unlike Ground Control, however, unit customization is unavailable; each individual unit features a fixed secondary function.

Plot
The story of Ground Control II takes place in that same universe as that of the original game but starts 320 years later and has little in common with the original game. The human race has discovered faster than light travel and has colonized the galaxy. There are two groups of colonies in this universe, dubbed the Inner Sphere and Outer Sphere. A physical phenomenon causes the communications between the two area to be only possible through a network of special relay stations built at the border of the spheres. Intergalactic travel is also impossible due to an unexplained barrier between the galaxies.

After the battle of Krig-7b that took place in the original video game, Major Sarah Parker (the original game's protagonist) destroyed the Earth's early warning relay station, commandeered a battlecruiser called CSS Astrid (seen in the original game) and escaped. In the next centuries, a stellar war that lasted 70 years changed the political layout of the colonies. A colony called Draconis Empire subjugated the Inner Sphere and established the Empire of Terra. It destroyed the communication relays, severing communications with the Outer Sphere. The next two hundred years was the age of strife for the Outer Sphere, for they had to rediscover the precious knowledge to which they no longer had access. Eventually, the Outer Sphere colonies formed two interstellar states: The Northern Star Alliance (NSA) and the Intergalactic Trade Guild (ITG). After the two hundred years however, the Empire of Terra invaded the Outer Sphere and began taking over the NSA. In 40 years of battle that followed, the Empire took most of the NSA territory and finally invaded the Morningstar Prime, the capital of NSA.

The game begins with Captain Jacob Angelus becoming a field commander for the NSA. Despite Captain Angelus's "exceptional" battlefield performance, it is clear that NSA cannot win this war and it is only a matter of time before the Empire overwhelm them. An unknown spacecraft crashes on Morningstar Prime which Captain Angelus secures. NSA scientists who study the craft reveal that Major Parker outfitted CSS Astrid with an ancient device called a Singularity Drive that enables the ship to bypass the intergalactic barrier and travel to other galaxies. NSA plans to use the ship to evacuate NSA citizens to another galaxy, where the Empire cannot follow. Angelus is sent to find CSS Astrid but his search is complicated by Imperial forces in pursuit. Eventually, CSS Astrid is recovered and brought back to Morningstar Prime.

On Morningstar Prime, Captain Angelus must deal with the treachery of an NSA general as well as the arrival of fresh Imperial reinforcements. A tragic final battle takes place in which Captain Angelus and his allies help evacuating anyone they can to CSS Astrid and see to their safe departure. Despite all the efforts, the Imperials destroy an entire detachment of NSA forces as well as an NSA shuttle, presumably loaded with passengers. Captain Angelus himself does not make it to CSS Astrid and is stranded on Morningstar Prime.

Development
The game was announced in February 2003 and was originally going to be published through Vivendi Universal's NDA Productions division.

Reception
Ground Control II: Operation Exodus received "generally favorable reviews" according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. GameSpot named it the best computer game of June 2004.

title: Ground Control II: Operation Exodus


text: Category:Minor league baseball venues

title: Category:Minor league baseball venues


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Magnetosphere of Saturn

The magnetosphere of Saturn is the cavity created in the flow of the solar wind by the planet's internally generated magnetic field. Discovered in 1979 by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft, Saturn's magnetosphere is the second largest of any planet in the Solar System after Jupiter. The magnetopause, the boundary between Saturn's magnetosphere and the solar wind, is located at a distance of about 20 Saturn radii from the planet's center, while its magnetotail stretches hundreds of Saturn radii behind it.

Saturn's magnetosphere is filled with plasmas originating from both the planet and its moons. The main source is the small moon Enceladus, which ejects as much as 1,000 kg/s of water vapor from the geysers on its south pole, a portion of which is ionized and forced to co-rotate with the Saturn's magnetic field. This loads the field with as much as 100 kg of water group ions per second. This plasma gradually moves out from the inner magnetosphere via the interchange instability mechanism and then escapes through the magnetotail.

The interaction between Saturn's magnetosphere and the solar wind generates bright oval aurorae around the planet's poles observed in visible, infrared and ultraviolet light. The aurorae are related to the powerful saturnian kilometric radiation (SKR), which spans the frequency interval between 100 kHz to 1300 kHz and was once thought to modulate with a period equal to the planet's rotation. However, later measurements showed that the periodicity of the SKR's modulation varies by as much as 1%, and so probably does not exactly coincide with Saturn's true rotational period, which as of 2010 remains unknown. Inside the magnetosphere there are radiation belts, which house particles with energy as high as tens of megaelectronvolts. The energetic particles have significant influence on the surfaces of inner icy moons of Saturn.

In 1980–1981 the magnetosphere of Saturn was studied by the Voyager spacecraft. Up until September 2017 it was a subject of ongoing investigation by Cassini mission, which arrived in 2004 and spent over 13 years observing the planet.

Discovery
Immediately after the discovery of Jupiter's decametric radio emissions in 1955, attempts were made to detect a similar emission from Saturn, but with inconclusive results. The first evidence that Saturn might have an internally generated magnetic field came in 1974, with the detection of weak radio emissions from the planet at the frequency of about 1 MHz.

These medium wave emissions were modulated with a period of about 10 h 30 min, which was interpreted as Saturn's rotation period. Nevertheless, the evidence available in the 1970s was too inconclusive and some scientists thought that Saturn might lack a magnetic field altogether, while others even speculated that the planet could lie beyond the heliopause. The first definite detection of the saturnian magnetic field was made only on September 1, 1979, when it was passed through by the Pioneer 11 spacecraft, which measured its magnetic field strength directly.

Internal field
Like Jupiter's magnetic field, Saturn's is created by a fluid dynamo within a layer of circulating liquid metallic hydrogen in its outer core. Like Earth, Saturn's magnetic field is mostly a dipole, with north and south poles at the ends of a single magnetic axis. On Saturn, like on Jupiter, the north magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere, and the south magnetic pole lies in the southern hemisphere, so that magnetic field lines point away from the north pole and towards the south pole. This is reversed compared to the Earth, where the north magnetic pole lies in the southern hemisphere. Saturn's magnetic field also has quadrupole, octupole and higher components, though they are much weaker than the dipole.

The magnetic field strength at Saturn's equator is about 21 μT (0.21 G), which corresponds to a dipole magnetic moment of about 4.6$$ T•m3. This makes Saturn's magnetic field slightly weaker than Earth's; however, its magnetic moment is about 580 times larger. Saturn's magnetic dipole is strictly aligned with its rotational axis, meaning that the field, uniquely, is highly axisymmetric. The dipole is slightly shifted (by 0.037 Rs) along Saturn's rotational axis towards the north pole.

Size and shape
Saturn's internal magnetic field deflects the solar wind, a stream of ionized particles emitted by the Sun, away from its surface, preventing it from interacting directly with its atmosphere and instead creating its own region, called a magnetosphere, composed of a plasma very different from that of the solar wind. The magnetosphere of Saturn is the second–largest magnetosphere in the Solar System after that of Jupiter.

As with Earth's magnetosphere, the boundary separating the solar wind's plasma from that within Saturn's magnetosphere is called the magnetopause. The magnetopause distance from the planet's center at the subsolar point varies widely from 16 to 27 Rs (Rs=60,330 km is the equatorial radius of Saturn). The magnetopause's position depends on the pressure exerted by the solar wind, which in turn depends on solar activity. The average magnetopause standoff distance is about 22 Rs. In front of the magnetopause (at the distance of about 27 Rs from the planet) lies the bow shock, a wake-like disturbance in the solar wind caused by its collision with the magnetosphere. The region between the bow shock and magnetopause is called the magnetosheath.

At the opposite side of the planet, the solar wind stretches Saturn's magnetic field lines into a long, trailing magnetotail, which consists of two lobes, with the magnetic field in the northern lobe pointing away from Saturn and the southern pointing towards it. The lobes are separated by a thin layer of plasma called the tail current sheet. Like Earth's, Saturn's tail is a channel through which solar plasma enters the inner regions of the magnetosphere. Similar to Jupiter, the tail is the conduit through which the plasma of the internal magnetospheric origin leaves the magnetosphere. The plasma moving from the tail to the inner magnetosphere is heated and forms a number of radiation belts.

Magnetospheric regions
Saturn's magnetosphere is often divided into four regions. The innermost region co-located with Saturn's planetary rings, inside approximately 3 Rs, has a strictly dipolar magnetic field. It is largely devoid of plasma, which is absorbed by ring particles, although the radiation belts of Saturn are located in this innermost region just inside and outside the rings. The second region between 3 and 6 Rs contains the cold plasma torus and is called the inner magnetosphere. It contains the densest plasma in the saturnian system. The plasma in the torus originates from the inner icy moons and particularly from Enceladus. The magnetic field in this region is also mostly dipolar. The third region lies between 6 and 12–14 Rs and is called the dynamic and extended plasma sheet. The magnetic field in this region is stretched and non-dipolar, whereas the plasma is confined to a thin equatorial plasma sheet. The fourth outermost region is located beyond 15 Rs at high latitudes and continues up to magnetopause boundary. It is characterized by a low plasma density and a variable, non-dipolar magnetic field strongly influenced by the Solar wind.

In the outer parts of Saturn's magnetosphere beyond approximately 15–20 Rs the magnetic field near the equatorial plane is highly stretched and forms a disk-like structure called magnetodisk. The disk continues up to the magnetopause on the dayside and transitions into the magnetotail on the nightside. Near the dayside it can be absent when the magnetosphere is compressed by the Solar wind, which usually happens when the magnetopause distance is smaller than 23 Rs. On the nightside and flanks of the magnetosphere the magnetodisk is always present. The Saturnian magnetodisk is a much smaller analog of the Jovian magnetodisk.

The plasma sheet in Saturn's magnetosphere has a bowl-like shape not found in any other known magnetosphere. When Cassini arrived in 2004, there was a winter in the northern hemisphere. The measurements of the magnetic field and plasma density revealed that the plasma sheet was warped and lay to the north of the equatorial plane, looking like a giant bowl. Such a shape was unexpected.

Dynamics
The processes driving Saturn's magnetosphere are similar to those driving Earth's and Jupiter's. Just as Jupiter's magnetosphere is dominated by plasma co–rotation and mass–loading from Io, so Saturn's magnetosphere is dominated by plasma co–rotation and mass–loading from Enceladus. However, Saturn's magnetosphere is much smaller in size, while its inner region contains too little plasma to seriously distend it and create a large magnetodisk. This means that it is much more strongly influenced by the solar wind, and that, like Earth's magnetic field, its dynamics are affected by reconnection with the wind similar to the Dungey cycle.

Another distinguishing feature of Saturn's magnetosphere is high abundance of neutral gas around the planet. As revealed by ultraviolet observation of Cassini, the planet is enshrouded in a large cloud of hydrogen, water vapor and their dissociative products like hydroxyl, extending as far as 45 Rs from Saturn. In the inner magnetosphere the ratio of neutrals to ions is around 60 and it increases in the outer magnetosphere, which means that the entire magnetospheric volume is filled with relatively dense weakly ionized gas. This is different, for instance, from Jupiter or Earth, where ions dominate over neutral gas, and has consequences for the magnetospheric dynamics.

Sources and transport of plasma
The plasma composition in Saturn's inner magnetosphere is dominated by the water group ions: O+, H2O+, OH+ and others, hydronium ion (H3O+), HO2+ and O2+, although protons and nitrogen ions (N+) are also present. The main source of water is Enceladus, which releases 300–600 kg/s of water vapor from the geysers near its south pole. The released water and hydroxyl (OH) radicals (a product of water's dissociation) form a rather thick torus around the moon's orbit at 4 Rs with densities up to 10,000 molecules per cubic centimeter. At least 100 kg/s of this water is eventually ionized and added to the co–rotating magnetospheric plasma. Additional sources of water group ions are Saturn's rings and other icy moons. The Cassini spacecraft also observed small amounts of N+ ions in the inner magnetosphere, which probably originate from Enceladus as well. In the outer parts of the magnetosphere the dominant ions are protons, which originate either from the Solar wind or Saturn's ionosphere. Titan, which orbits close to the magnetopause boundary at 20 Rs, is not a significant source of plasma.

The relatively cold plasma in the innermost region of Saturn's magnetosphere, inside 3 Rs (near the rings) consists mainly of O+ and O2+ ions. There ions together with electrons form an ionosphere surrounding the saturnian rings.

For both Jupiter and Saturn, transport of plasma from the inner to the outer parts of the magnetosphere is thought to be related to interchange instability. In the case of Saturn, charge exchange facilitates the transfer of energy from the previously hot ions to the neutral gases in the inner magnetosphere. Then, magnetic flux tubes loaded with this newly cold, water–rich plasma interchange with flux tubes filled with hot plasma arriving from the outer magnetosphere. The instability is driven by centrifugal force exerted by the plasma on the magnetic field. The cold plasma is eventually removed from the magnetosphere by plasmoids formed when the magnetic field reconnects in the magnetotail. The plasmoids move down the tail and escape from the magnetosphere. The reconnection or substorm process is thought to be under the control of the solar wind and Saturn's largest moon Titan, which orbits near the outer boundary of the magnetosphere.

In the magnetodisk region, beyond 6 Rs, the plasma within the co–rotating sheet exerts a significant centrifugal force on the magnetic field, causing it to stretch. This interaction creates a current in the equatorial plane flowing azimuthally with rotation and extending as far as 20 Rs from the planet. The total strength of this current varies from 8 to 17 MA. The ring current in the saturnian magnetosphere is highly variable and depends on the solar wind pressure, being stronger when the pressure is weaker. The magnetic moment associated with this current slightly (by about 10 nT) depresses the magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere, although it increases the total magnetic moment of the planet and causing the size of the magnetosphere to become larger.

Aurorae

Saturn has bright polar aurorae, which have been observed in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared light. The aurorae usually look like bright continuous circles (ovals) surrounding the poles of the planet. The latitude of auroral ovals varies in the range of 70–80°; the average position is 75 ± 1° for the southern aurora, while the northern aurora is closer to the pole by about 1.5°. From time to time either aurorae can assume a spiral shape instead of oval. In this case it begins near midnight at a latitude of around 80°, then its latitude decreases to as low as 70° as it continues into the dawn and day sectors (counterclockwise). In the dusk sector the auroral latitude increases again, although when it returns to the night sector it still has a relatively low latitude and does not connect to the brighter dawn part.

Unlike Jupiter's, Saturn's main auroral ovals are not related to the breakdown of the co–rotation of the plasma in the outer parts of the planet's magnetosphere. The aurorae on Saturn are thought to be connected to the reconnection of the magnetic field under the influence of the Solar wind (Dungey cycle), which drives an upward current (about 10 million amperes) from the ionosphere and leads to the acceleration and precipitation of energetic (1–10 keV) electrons into the polar thermosphere of Saturn. The Saturnian aurorae are more similar to those of the Earth, where they are also Solar wind driven. The ovals themselves correspond to the boundaries between open and closed magnetic field lines—so called polar caps, which are thought to reside at the distance of 10–15° from the poles.

The aurorae of Saturn are highly variable. Their location and brightness strongly depends on the Solar wind pressure: the aurorae become brighter and move closer to the poles when the Solar wind pressure increases. The bright auroral features are observed to rotate with the angular speed of 60–75% that of Saturn. From time to time bright features appear in the dawn sector of the main oval or inside it. The average total power emitted by the aurorae is about 50 GW in the far ultraviolet (80–170 nm) and 150–300 GW in the near-infrared (3–4 μm—H3+ emissions) parts of the spectrum.

Saturn kilometric radiation
Saturn is the source of rather strong low frequency radio emissions called Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR). The frequency of SKR lies in the range 10–1300 kHz (wavelength of a few kilometers) with the maximum around 400 kHz. The power of these emissions is strongly modulated by the rotation of the planet and is correlated with changes in the solar wind pressure. For instance, when Saturn was immersed into the giant magnetotail of Jupiter during Voyager 2 flyby in 1981, the SKR power decreased greatly or even ceased completely. The kilometric radiation is thought to be generated by the Cyclotron Maser Instability of the electrons moving along magnetic field lines related to the auroral regions of Saturn. Thus the SKR is related to the auroras around the poles of the planet. The radiation itself comprises spectrally diffuse emissions as well as narrowband tones with bandwidths as narrow as 200 Hz. In the frequency–time plane, arc-like features are often observed, much like in the case of the Jovian kilometric radiation. The total power of the SKR is around 1 GW.

The modulation of the radio emissions by planetary rotation is traditionally used to determine the rotation period of the interiors of fluid giant planets. In the case of Saturn, however, this appears to be impossible, as the period varies at the timescale of ten years. In 1980–1981 the periodicity in the radio emissions as measured by Voyager 1 and 2 was 10 h 39 min 24 ± 7 s, which was then adopted as the rotational period of Saturn. Scientists were surprised when Galileo and then Cassini returned a different value—10 h 45 min 45 ± 36 s. Further observation indicated that the modulation period changes by as much as 1% on the characteristic timescale of 20–30 days with an additional long-term trend. There is a correlation between the period and solar wind speed, however, the causes of this change remain a mystery. One reason may be that the Saturnian perfectly axially symmetric magnetic field fails to impose a strict corotation on the magnetospheric plasma making it slip relative to the planet. The lack of a precise correlation between the variation period of SKR and planetary rotation makes it all but impossible to determine the true rotational period of Saturn.

Radiation belts
Saturn has relatively weak radiation belts, because energetic particles are absorbed by the moons and particulate material orbiting the planet. The densest (main) radiation belt lies between the inner edge of the Enceladus gas torus at 3.5 Rs and the outer edge of the A Ring at 2.3 Rs. It contains protons and relativistic electrons with energies from hundreds of kiloelectronvolts (keV) to as high as tens of megaelectronvolts (MeV) and possibly other ions. Beyond 3.5 Rs the energetic particles are absorbed by the neutral gas and their numbers drop, although less energetic particles with energies in the range of hundreds keV appear again beyond 6 Rs—these are the same particles that contribute to the ring current. The electrons in the main belt probably originate in the outer magnetosphere or Solar wind, from which they are transported by the diffusion and then adiabatically heated. However, the energetic protons consist of two populations of particles. The first population with energies of less than about 10 MeV has the same origin as electrons, while the second one with the maximum flux near 20 MeV results from the interaction of cosmic rays with solid material present in the Saturnian system (so called cosmic ray albedo neutron decay process—CRAND). The main radiation belt of Saturn is strongly influenced by interplanetary solar wind disturbances.

The innermost region of the magnetosphere near the rings is generally devoid of energetic ions and electrons because they are absorbed by ring particles. Saturn, however, has the second radiation belt discovered by Cassini in 2004 and located just inside the innermost D Ring. This belt probably consists of energetic charged particles formed via the CRAND process or of ionized energetic neutral atoms coming from the main radiation belt.

The saturnian radiation belts are generally much weaker than those of Jupiter and do not emit much microwave radiation (with frequency of a few Gigahertz). Estimates shows that their decimetric radio emissions (DIM) would be impossible to detect from the Earth. Nevertherless the high energy particles cause weathering of the surfaces of the icy moons and sputter water, water products and oxygen from them.

Interaction with rings and moons
The abundant population of solid bodies orbiting Saturn including moons as well as ring particles exerts a strong influence on the magnetosphere of Saturn. The plasma in the magnetosphere co-rotates with the planet, continuously impinging on the trailing hemispheres of slowly moving moons. While ring particles and the majority of moons only passively absorb plasma and energetic charged particles, three moons – Enceladus, Dione and Titan – are significant sources of new plasma. The absorption of energetic electrons and ions reveals itself by noticeable gaps in the radiation belts of Saturn near the moon's orbits, while the dense rings of Saturn eliminate all energetic electrons and ions closer than 2.2 RS, creating a low radiation zone in the vicinity of the planet. The absorption of the co-rotating plasma by a moon disturbs the magnetic field in its empty wake—the field is pulled towards a moon, creating a region of a stronger magnetic field in the near wake.

The three moons mentioned above add new plasma into the magnetosphere. By far the strongest source is Enceladus, which ejects a fountain of water vapor, carbon dioxide and nitrogen through cracks in its south pole region. A fraction of this gas is ionized by the hot electrons and solar ultraviolet radiation and is added to the co-rotational plasma flow. Titan once was thought to be the principal source of plasma in Saturn's magnetosphere, especially of nitrogen. The new data obtained by Cassini in 2004–2008 established that it is not a significant source of nitrogen after all, although it may still provide significant amounts of hydrogen (due to dissociation of methane). Dione is the third moon producing more new plasma than it absorbs. The mass of plasma created in the vicinity of it (about 6 g/s) is about 1/300 as much as near Enceladus. However, even this low value can not be explained only by sputtering of its icy surface by energetic particles, which may indicate that Dione is endogenously active like Enceladus. The moons that create new plasma slow the motion of the co-rotating plasma in their vicinity, which leads to the pile-up of the magnetic field lines in front of them and weakening of the field in their wakes—the field drapes around them. This is the opposite to what is observed for the plasma-absorbing moons.

The plasma and energetic particles present in the magnetosphere of Saturn, when absorbed by ring particles and moons, cause radiolysis of the water ice. Its products include ozone, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. The first one has been detected in the surfaces of Rhea and Dione, while the second is thought to be responsible for the steep spectral slopes of moons' reflectivities in the ultraviolet region. The oxygen produced by radiolysis forms tenuous atmospheres around rings and icy moons. The ring atmosphere was detected by Cassini for the first time in 2004. A fraction of the oxygen gets ionized, creating a small population of O2+ ions in the magnetosphere. The influence of Saturn's magnetosphere on its moons is more subtle than the influence of Jupiter on its moons. In the latter case, the magnetosphere contains a significant number of sulfur ions, which, when implanted in surfaces, produce characteristic spectral signatures. In the case of Saturn, the radiation levels are much lower and the plasma is composed mainly of water products, which, when implanted, are indistinguishable from the ice already present.

Exploration
As of 2014 the magnetosphere of Saturn has been directly explored by four spacecraft. The first mission to study the magnetosphere was Pioneer 11 in September 1979. Pioneer 11 discovered the magnetic field and made some measurements of the plasma parameters. In November 1980 and August 1981, Voyager 1–2 probes investigated the magnetosphere using an improved set of instruments. From the fly-by trajectories they measured the planetary magnetic field, plasma composition and density, high energy particle energy and spatial distribution, plasma waves and radio emissions. Cassini spacecraft was launched in 1997, and arrived in 2004, making the first measurements in more than two decades. The spacecraft continued to provide information about the magnetic field and plasma parameters of the saturnian magnetosphere until its intentional destruction on September 15, 2017.

In the 1990s, the Ulysses spacecraft conducted extensive measurements of the Saturnian kilometric radiation (SKR), which is unobservable from Earth due to the absorption in the ionosphere. The SKR is powerful enough to be detected from a spacecraft at the distance of several astronomical units from the planet. Ulysses discovered that the period of the SKR varies by as much as 1%, and therefore is not directly related to the rotation period of the interior of Saturn.

title: Magnetosphere of Saturn


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Secret Public

Secret Public
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 06:04, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete nn band vanity. no Allmusic page, couldn't find much of anything on Google. TheMidnighters 01:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Most google hits for Secret Public seem to be about the Buzzcocks' fan club. Perhaps redirect, and add some info to that article. Pburka 01:58, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. freestylefrappe 02:28, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * see above, plus no assertion of meeting WP:MUSIC. Delete. Friday 04:03, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not verifiable. Robert A West 19:24, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. -- Etacar11   23:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. JamesBurns 08:50, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Blx~enwiki

Music, Politics and Free Software are things of interest.

I am currently mostly occupied translating articles for swedish wikipedia.

title: User:Blx~enwiki


text:
User:Pitoyable

Pitoyable is a pitiful girl who spends absurd amounts of time reading articles on Wikipedia and visiting blogs.

title: User:Pitoyable


text:
Not Guilty (song)

"Not Guilty" is a song by English rock musician George Harrison from his 1979 album George Harrison. He wrote the song in 1968 following the Beatles' Transcendental Meditation course in India with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, an activity that he had led the group into undertaking. The lyrics serve as a response to the recrimination Harrison received from his bandmates John Lennon and Paul McCartney in the aftermath to the group's public falling out with the Maharishi, and as the Beatles launched their multimedia company Apple Corps. The band recorded the song amid the tensions that characterised the sessions for their 1968 double LP The Beatles (also known as the "White Album"). The track was completed in August 1968 but not included on the release.

Harrison revisited "Not Guilty" in early 1978, shortly after participating in the Rutles' television satire of the Beatles' history, All You Need Is Cash. In contrast to the atmosphere surrounding the song's creation, this period was one of personal contentment for Harrison, who enjoyed the opportunity to debunk the myths surrounding his former band. The musical arrangement similarly differs in mood from the 1968 version; where the latter features distorted electric guitars and harpsichord, Harrison's version reflects his adoption of a mellow jazz-pop style. The other musicians on the recording include Neil Larsen and Willie Weeks.

"Not Guilty" was known to be a Beatles outtake but the song was unheard by the public until the release of Harrison's 1979 album. The Beatles' version continued to be the subject of speculation among collectors. An edit of the band's recording was prepared for the aborted Sessions album in 1984 and became available on bootlegs before its official release on the Beatles' Anthology 3 outtakes compilation in 1996. The full version of the track, together with Harrison's May 1968 demo of the song, appears on the 50th Anniversary Edition box-set release of The Beatles.

Background and inspiration
George Harrison wrote "Not Guilty" in 1968 following the Beatles' highly publicised spiritual retreat in Rishikesh, India, where they studied Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Harrison had led the Beatles' interest in meditation and Indian culture, influencing their audience and musical peers, but the band's falling out with the Maharishi in April 1968 became the source of public embarrassment. Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney had each left the ashram early and returned to England, with McCartney more interested in attending to the band's new Apple Corps business venture. Harrison and John Lennon stayed on, only to then depart hurriedly after hearing of alleged impropriety between the Maharishi and a female student. The Rishikesh sojourn was the Beatles' last extracurricular activity as a group and was followed by a divergence of opinion between Lennon, McCartney and Harrison that lasted until the band's break-up in April 1970. In his 1980 autobiography, I, Me, Mine, Harrison says that "Not Guilty" addresses "Paul-John-Apple-Rishikesh-Indian friends, etc."

Rather than return to England with Lennon, Harrison extended his time away by visiting his mentor Ravi Shankar in Madras. When he returned to London in late April, according to Apple press officer Derek Taylor, Harrison "reacted with real horror" at the extravagance of Apple's operation. The company had taken out print advertisements inviting any budding artist to submit their creative ideas. The London offices were inundated with submissions, almost all of which were ignored, along with crowds of eccentrics responding to the Beatles' invitation. In a 1987 interview with Timothy White for Musician magazine, Harrison referred to "the grief I was catching" from Lennon and McCartney post-India. He explained the message behind the song: "I said I wasn't guilty of getting in the way of their career. I said I wasn't guilty of leading them astray in our going to Rishikesh to see the Maharishi. I was sticking up for myself …"

The Rishikesh sojourn also resulted in Harrison's emergence as a prolific songwriter. "Not Guilty" was one of several guitar-based compositions from this period, coinciding with Harrison's re-engagement with his main instrument after two years of dedicated sitar study under Shankar. The full extent of this productivity was hidden until his 1970 solo album, All Things Must Pass, however, as Lennon and McCartney continued to dominate the Beatles' songwriting. In author Peter Doggett's description, the band's stay in Rishikesh marked the end of a period when Harrison's championing of Indian culture had guided the Beatles' musical and philosophical direction. He adds that the "old balance of power was uneasily resumed", as Harrison had to push to have his songs included on the group's albums, and Lennon, further to their self-produced 1967 TV film Magical Mystery Tour, continued to resent McCartney's attempts to manage their career.

Composition
The key of "Not Guilty" is E minor. It contains combined verse and choruses; each of the three verse-chorus sections begins and ends with the song's title phrase. The composition includes a guitar riff that author Alan Clayson views as distinctive and "low-down", and closes with an instrumental coda. It also features syncopation, half-bars, and, on the Beatles recording, a guitar solo followed by a change in time signature from 4/4 to six bars in 3/8.

Musicologist Walter Everett highlights the song's musical form as an example of "the composer's typically outlandish chord juxtapositions", which in this case reveals "a new level of sophistication similar to jazz methodology". He says that while E minor is the main key, A minor is tonicised in the start of the verses and is further suggested with a surprising G–Dm8–Dm7–E7 chord sequence. Following the final chord in that sequence, he hears the Gm chord as "confident and loudly protesting", and contextually derived via an "unprecedented use of mixture from the Phrygian mode (thus the chord's B♭ [note]) into A pentatonic minor".

"Not Guilty" follows Harrison's 1967 song "Only a Northern Song" as a statement of his dissatisfaction in the Beatles. Everett describes the lyrics as a "defense against the tyranny of his songwriting comrades". Harrison refers to his bandmates as seeking to "steal the day"; he recognises his place and vows not to "[get] underneath your feet". In the third verse, he promises not to "upset the Apple cart", as "I only want what I can get". With regard to Rishikesh and the Maharishi, he denies any responsibility for the others' disappointment with the experience. He denies leading the group "astray on the road to Mandalay" and "making friends with every Sikh".

Esher demo
In May 1968, Harrison taped an acoustic demo of the song at his home, Kinfauns in Esher. This and other demos of the band's new material were part of their preparation for recording the double LP The Beatles, also known as the "White Album". On the tapes, the song follows a group performance of Harrison's tribute to meditation, "Sour Milk Sea", after which he refers to "Not Guilty" as "a jazz number" that would make "a good rocker". Having long been available on bootleg compilations, the Esher demo was issued in 2018 on the White Album's 50th Anniversary box set.

Basic track
The Beatles recorded "Not Guilty" at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London in August 1968. The recording was produced by George Martin and engineered by Ken Scott. The song was difficult to learn due to its time signature changes. During the first 18 takes on 7 August, the band focused only on the introduction, before going on to tape a further 27 takes that night. On 8 August, they first attended to a technical problem on the recording of their forthcoming single, "Hey Jude", and then resumed work on "Not Guilty". The group recorded a total of 101 takes over the two sessions, although only 21 of these attempts were complete performances, before settling on take 99 as a satisfactory basic track.

Initial takes included keyboard accompaniment from an electric piano, but this was replaced by a harpsichord for the 8 August session. The instruments used on the basic track were therefore electric guitar, harpsichord, bass and drums. Although author Ian MacDonald says Harrison or Lennon played the harpsichord part, Everett credits Lennon, who also played the instrument on "All You Need Is Love" the previous year. The recording marked the first time that Harrison used his Gibson Les Paul guitar known as "Lucy", which was a gift from his friend Eric Clapton.

Overdubs
The band recorded overdubs onto take 99 on 9 August, with Starr adding further drums and McCartney augmenting his bass part. Much of the six-and-a-half-hour session was dedicated to Harrison's lead guitar part; for this, he chose to play in the control room while his amplifier was recorded in an echo chamber. On 12 August, Harrison overdubbed his lead vocal, trying different areas of the studio in an effort to achieve the sound he was after. He again settled on the control room with, in Scott's description, "everything coming back through the speakers to give it more of a live theater-type feel or club feel". Lennon and McCartney experimented with harmony vocals on some parts of the song, but Harrison was unsatisfied. Scott told journalist Marshall Terrill in 2012 that the recording was problematic because "George wasn't feeling it. It was his song and he wasn't feeling it. He could not get a vocal that he was happy with. He couldn't get even into sort of the mood of singing it, that's why we tried different ways of him singing it …"

Harrison then spent more time recording guitar at live performance levels. A mono mix, titled RM1, of the completed track was carried out that same day. In the description of Guitar World's editors, Harrison's playing on the song has a "sinewy" quality and a "sizzling tone" made more effective by being performed at full volume. Author Simon Leng writes that the recording "might have passed for grunge", with its "phased vocals and ... pseudo-harpsichord under attack from George's heavily distorted guitars and fierce riff". He adds that the lead guitar is "spiky-rough in a way Harrison would rarely approach again". Following his pioneering backwards-recorded guitar solo on "I'm Only Sleeping", in 1966, Harrison's use of reverse echo-chamber effect on "Not Guilty" marked the last time the Beatles used backwards audio on one of their recordings.

MacDonald cites "Not Guilty" as an example of how Harrison's contributions to the White Album were "stymied" by the divisive atmosphere that characterised the sessions, which included a lack of collaboration between the band members. After Harrison departed for a short holiday in Greece, the other Beatles resumed recording on 20 August with tensions running high; Lennon and Starr completed overdubs on "Yer Blues" in one studio while McCartney recorded "Mother Nature's Son" alone in another. Two days later, by which point Harrison had returned to London, the acrimony that had been building within the group led to Starr walking out, intent on quitting the Beatles.

Exclusion from the White Album
According to Everett, "Not Guilty" was one of the last songs to be cut from the final running order of The Beatles. When announcing the release on 26 October, the NME listed "Not Guilty" among the possible tracks; Mal Evans, the Beatles' longtime aide, then wrote in the band's official fan magazine that it would not appear on the double album. Lennon admired the composition initially, but in Leng's view, with its "barbs about the Beatles", the song "was just a little too candid in airing the band's dirty laundry". Music journalist Mikal Gilmore similarly says that its exclusion was "perhaps because it was apparent to everybody that Harrison had aimed the song at Lennon and McCartney".

In its three-part study of the 1968 double album, in 2008, Goldmine magazine commented that the song's exclusion has long been one of the points of debate regarding the White Album. The writers said that some listeners find the content of the set "exquisitely balanced", while others contend that the Beatles "really should have added 'Not Guilty' to the brew". Increasingly marginalised from the Beatles' creative decision-making in 1968, Martin had favoured paring down the double LP to a single disc. Everett offers a 15-song running order in keeping with the producer's typical "preferences and constraints", in which he contends that Martin would have selected "Not Guilty", along with the Harrison compositions "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Long, Long, Long".

The final take, numbered 102 (a reduction mix of take 99), was edited and remixed by Geoff Emerick in 1984 for the aborted Sessions album. After Harrison and McCartney filed affidavits criticising the "quality of the work", one of EMI's in-house cassettes of the Sessions recordings found its way to bootleggers, resulting in the Ultra Rare Trax bootlegs. "Not Guilty" appeared on the third volume in the Ultra Rare Trax series. It was officially released on Apple's outtakes compilation Anthology 3 in October 1996. Author and critic Richie Unterberger describes the Anthology 3 version of "Not Guilty" as a "bastardization" due to the editing out of a mid-song guitar solo and other features from the 1968 stereo mix. He adds that this treatment is "more roundly castigated than almost any other of the Anthology reconstructions". The unedited version of the track appears on the 50th Anniversary box set of the White Album.

George Harrison recording
According to author Robert Rodriguez, "Not Guilty" was "much-fabled" among Beatles fans by the late 1970s, since the song was known as a White Album outtake but had never been heard publicly. In their respective books on the Beatles published at that time, Nicholas Schaffner paired it with Lennon's "What's the New Mary Jane" as completed recordings that were known to have been left off the White Album, while Harry Castleman and Walter Podrazik wrote that, as far as collectors were aware, Harrison had taped "Not Guilty" with Clapton in summer 1968 before the Beatles attempted to record the song in March 1969.

In early 1978, while gathering song manuscripts for I, Me, Mine, Harrison rediscovered his Kinfauns demo of "Not Guilty". He decided to record the song again for what became his 1979 album George Harrison. At this time, he also revisited "Circles", another song he had demoed in Esher before the Beatles began recording the White Album, and he wrote "Here Comes the Moon" as a sequel to his 1969 Abbey Road composition "Here Comes the Sun".

The sessions took place between April and October 1978, and coincided with a period of domestic contentment for Harrison, during which he married his partner Olivia Arias and become a father for the first time, to son Dhani. In addition, Harrison had enjoyed participating in the Rutles' recent spoof of the Beatles' history, All You Need Is Cash, a film project that allowed him to debunk the myths that surrounded his former band. Harrison allowed his spiritual preoccupations to be satirised in the film as, following the Rutles' break-up, his character, Stig O'Hara, withdraws from the limelight to become a female flight attendant with Air India. Building on his reputation as the "Quiet Beatle", the identity of the alleged dead band member in the Paul is dead conspiracy theory was transferred to Stig, as the clues include the fact that he had not spoken since 1966.

Harrison recorded "Not Guilty" at his home studio, FPSHOT, in Henley, Oxfordshire, with Neil Larsen, Stevie Winwood, Willie Weeks and Andy Newmark among the backing musicians. Larsen played Rhodes piano, which serves as the main feature of the track, while Harrison exchanged the electric guitar arrangement from 1968 with acoustic parts. The recording also omits the section in 3/8 time, which had caused difficulty during the Beatles' attempts ten years before. Its mellow jazz arrangement ends with interplay between Harrison's scat singing and Weeks's bass. George Harrison was scheduled for release in December but an issue with the artwork delayed the process. On 15 December, Harrison accompanied Starr to the re-opening of the Star-Club in Hamburg, where the Beatles had regularly performed before achieving fame in 1963.

Harrison produced the track with Russ Titelman, a Warner Bros. Records staff producer whose other projects included the self-titled debut album by Rickie Lee Jones. Leng views Harrison's remake as typical of the singer's frame of mind on George Harrison, writing: "In complete contrast [to the Beatles' version], the 1979 reproduction is all shimmering cool and acoustic sea spray – here is a man looking back on events rather than being caught up in their heat." Leng describes the musical mood on the track as "a loose version of the Rickie Lee Jones or Paul Simon jazz-pop sound, dominated by phased electric piano and breathy vocals".

Release and reception
George Harrison was released on Dark Horse Records on 20 February 1979. "Not Guilty" appeared as the second track, sequenced between with "Love Comes to Everyone" and "Here Comes the Moon". The song was of particular interest to Harrison's audience, due to its reputation as a lost Beatles track. Harrison carried out limited promotion for the album, during which the speculation surrounding a possible Beatles reunion was a regular theme put forward by members of the media. At his press conference in Los Angeles, he suggested the former bandmates could meet for a cup of tea and televise the proceedings via satellite. He also denied that "Not Guilty" was aimed purely at McCartney, saying: "No, it's just about that period in 1968 ... there's a lot of comedy in it. You just have to look for it."

Peter Doggett writes that, in the context of its release, eleven years after the events of 1968, the song "gently satirised the global obsession with the past, and specifically the era that the Beatles allegedly epitomised". Doggett adds that although Harrison distanced himself from Beatles nostalgia in his promotional activities, he shared the public's interest in what Lennon might be doing during the latter's fourth year as a house-husband and stay-at-home father. In his Rolling Stone interview at this time, Harrison commented that he had not seen Lennon in the last two years and, after the recent changes in his own life, he understood his former bandmate's decision to remain out of the limelight.

The album received favourable reviews, particularly in the UK, where it was Harrison's best-received work since the early 1970s. Harry George of the NME welcomed the inclusion of "Not Guilty", saying "No Beatle who could take part in All You Need Is Cash can be all bad", and assumed that the reference to upsetting the "Apple cart" was a line from the Rutles. He described the song as a "tense soft-shoe shuffle", highlighting Larsen's electric piano, Weeks's "serpentine bass", and Harrison lyrics that offered "wit and composure" rather than "the whining defensiveness of yore". Writing in Melody Maker in 1979, E.J. Thribb also approved of Harrison's openness to being the target of Eric Idle's satire in the Rutles film. He named "Not Guilty" among the album's three most enjoyable songs, along with "Love Comes to Everyone" and "Blow Away", saying: "The chords roll and tumble, the melodies are good to chant, and the lyrics are simple but tell their story."

Beatles version
According to Walter Everett:
 * George Harrison – vocals, lead and rhythm guitars
 * John Lennon – harpsichord
 * Paul McCartney – bass
 * Ringo Starr – drums

George Harrison version
According to Simon Leng:
 * George Harrison – vocals, acoustic guitars
 * Neil Larsen – electric piano
 * Steve Winwood – keyboards
 * Willie Weeks – bass
 * Andy Newmark – drums
 * Ray Cooper – conga

title: Not Guilty (song)


text: Category:Politics of Western Australia

title: Category:Politics of Western Australia


text:
Pasadena Independent School District

Pasadena Independent School District is a school district that is based in Pasadena, Texas, United States.

Pasadena ISD serves much of southeast Harris County. The district includes most of Pasadena, South Houston, a portion of Houston (including Genoa), and a portion of Pearland.

Each Pasadena ISD house or residential area is assigned to an elementary school (PK-4th), a middle school (5th-6th), an intermediate school (7th-8th), and a high school (9th-12th). Some areas are assigned to fifth grade centers.

In 2019, the school district received a "B" grade from the Texas Education Agency's Accountability Ratings Report.

History
It was established on March 26, 1898.

According to a report around November 2, 2004, by the Texas Education Agency, among the 30 largest school districts in the state, Pasadena ISD was the 8th fastest-growing district in Texas by population; much of the growth occurred in the "South Belt" area along Beltway 8.

The district was named the National Model School District in 2005 by the International Center for Leadership in Education.

In 2011 voters approved of a new bond which allowed Pasadena ISD to complete building grade 5-6 middle school facilities for all of the district.

School uniforms
All students in Pasadena ISD are required to follow a specific dress code.

As of the 2016-2017 school year, students are free to wear any type of appropriate shirt or dress.

Students are required to wear khaki or navy blue slacks or khaki or blue denim trousers. Skirts and jumpers are also allowed as long as they are in the same styles as the slacks.

The Texas Education Agency specified that the parents and/or guardians of students zoned to a school with uniforms may apply for a waiver to opt out of the uniform policy, so their children do not have to wear the uniform; parents must specify "bona fide" reasons, such as religious reasons or philosophical objections.

High schools
4 in Pasadena, 1 in South Houston, 2 in Houston Other
 * J. Frank Dobie High School (Houston) (1968)
 * Pasadena High School (Pasadena) (1924)
 * Pasadena Memorial High School (Pasadena) (2003)
 * Sam Rayburn High School (Pasadena) (1964)
 * South Houston High School (South Houston) (1957)
 * The Summit (High School) (Pasadena) (2004)
 * Dr. Kirk Lewis Career and Technical High School (Houston)(2014)
 * L. P. Card Career and Technical Center (Pasadena)
 * Tegeler Career Center (Pasadena)

Middle schools

 * Lorenzo DeZavala Middle School (Pasadena)
 * Keller Middle School (Pasadena)
 * Current campus was scheduled to open on August 26, 2014
 * Carter Lomax Middle School (Pasadena)
 * Dr. Dixie Melillo Middle School (unincorporated area)
 * Earnesteen Milstead Middle School (Houston)
 * Morris Middle School (Houston) (formerly Morris Fifth Grade Center)
 * Rick Schneider Middle School (Houston)
 * Bobby Shaw Middle School (Pasadena)
 * Marshall Kendrick Middle School (Pasadena)
 * Fred Roberts Middle School (Pasadena)

Intermediate schools

7 in Pasadena, 1 in South Houston, 2 in Houston
 * Beverly Hills Intermediate School (Houston)
 * Elmer Bondy Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * James Andrew Jackson Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * National Blue Ribbon School in 1999-2000
 * Vincent W. Miller Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * National Blue Ribbon School in 1988-89 and 2001-02
 * Park View Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * Queens Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * Current campus opened in spring 2014
 * San Jacinto Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * South Houston Intermediate School (South Houston)
 * Southmore Intermediate School (Pasadena)
 * George A. Thompson Intermediate School (Houston)
 * Current campus opened on fall 2023

Elementary schools
20 in Pasadena, 3 in South Houston, 12 in Houston, 1 in Pearland
 * Atkinson Elementary School (Houston)
 * Bailey Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Burnett Elementary School (Houston)
 * Laura Welch Bush Elementary School (Houston)
 * Harley W. Fisher Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Robert Bevis Frazier Elementary School (Houston)
 * A.B. Freeman Elementary School (Houston)
 * Gardens Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Current campus scheduled to open in late October/early November 2014
 * Garfield Elementary School (Houston)
 * Genoa Elementary School (Houston)
 * Golden Acres Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Jensen Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Charles D. Jessup Elementary School (Houston)
 * Kruse Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Walter Matthys Elementary School (South Houston)
 * National Blue Ribbon School in 1998-99
 * McMasters Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Meador Elementary School (Houston)
 * Richard H. Moore Elementary School (Houston)
 * Felix Morales Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Parks Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Pearl Hall Elementary School (South Houston)
 * Pomeroy Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Red Bluff Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Richey Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * L.F. Smith Elementary School (South Houston)
 * Mae Smythe Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * South Belt Elementary School (Pearland)
 * South Belt took areas previously zoned to Frazier and Moore elementaries.
 * South Houston Elementary School (South Houston)
 * Current campus opened in spring 2014
 * South Shaver Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Current campus scheduled to open on September 8, 2014
 * Sparks Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Stuchbery Elementary School (Houston)
 * Carroll Teague Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Harvey Turner Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Williams Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Young Elementary School (Pasadena)
 * Fisher Elementary School (Pasadena)

title: Pasadena Independent School District


text: Category:Sports venues in South Korea

title: Category:Sports venues in South Korea