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Cherthala

Cherthala is a municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. It is located 20 km north of the district headquarters in Alappuzha and about 146 km north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Cherthala has a population of 45,821 people, and a population density of 2727 /sqkm.

Etymology
According to local legend, Vilwamangalam Swamiyar, the Kerala Hindu saint, while travelling through Cherthala, found an idol of the Devi with its head immersed in a muddy pond. The swami understood the divinity of the idol, took it out of the mud, cleaned it and consecrated it in a temple near the pond. Thus the place is believed to have gotten its name as cher meaning "mud" and thala meaning "head" in Malayalam. The deity of the temple has the name Cherthala Karthiyayani.

Demographics
According to 2011 census report, Cherthala Municipality had population of 45,827 of which 22,192 are males while 23,635 are females.

Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 3988 which is 8.70% of total population of Cherthala (M). In Cherthala Municipality, Female Sex Ratio is of 1065 against state average of 1084. Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Cherthala is around 911 compared to Kerala state average of 964. Literacy rate of Cherthala city is 97.02% higher than state average of 94.00%. In Cherthala, Male literacy is around 98.58% while female literacy rate is 95.59%.

Educational organizations

 * College of Engineering, Cherthala, managed by IHRD, Government of Kerala
 * Bishop Moore Vidyapith, Cherthala
 * N.S.S. College, Cherthala
 * St. Michael's College, Cherthala
 * St. Ann's Public School, Cherthala
 * S N College, Cherthala.
 * Sanskrit University Kalady,Regional Centre, Thuravoor.
 * KVM College of Engineering & Information Technology Cherthala

Landmarks
Cherthala Town Municipality has 35 wards. The town is well known after the Karthyayani Devi temple, located in the center of the town. Two more sub-temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu are also located on the northern side of the main temple. A sub-temple dedicated to Lord Ayyappa, also known as Kaavudayan and another dedicated to Kshethrapalakan believed to be Devi's temple caretaker are located on the southern corner of the main temple. Thousands of devotees coming from different 'karas' (localities) of Cherthala participate in the Padayani, vela thullal and pooram pattu, the main rituals conducted during the temple festival. A large pond exists in front of the Taluk office that belongs to the Karthyayani Devi temple. One can see many roosters flocking around the temple premises. These roosters are the offerings of the devotees, an ancient custom followed in many devi temples of Kerala. The temple is administered by Travancore Devaswom Board.

Another temple in Cherthala town is the Muttathu Thirumala Devaswam temple. Lord Narasimha presiding in the form of Saligrama and Sree Venkatachalapathy Moorthy with bhoo devi and sree devi are the deities of this temple. The temple conducts its annual festival either ahead of the Karthyayani Devi's festival or soon after that. The Pallivetta is a procession where it is believed that Goddess is going for the divine hunting. The annual festival lasts for eight days.

Activism and religion

 * Karunakara Guru – founder of Santhigiri Ashram
 * P. Parameswaran – Director, Bharatheeya Vichara Kendram
 * Palackal Thoma Malpan – founder of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate
 * Mgr. Joseph C. Panjikaran – founder of the Medical Sisters of St. Joseph

Arts and culture

 * Irayimman Thampi – Carnatic musician as well as a music composer from Kerala
 * Vayalar Ramavarma – Malayalam poet and film lyricist
 * Jagannatha Varma – Kathakali artist, actor in Malayalam film and serial

 * Thiruvizha Sivanandan – renowned Karnatic Violinist and teacher
 * Rajeev Alunkal – Film lyricist, poet, orator And Chairman Kumaranasan Smarakam, Govt of Kerala

Business

 * S. D. Shibulal – chief executive officer and managing director of Infosys
 * PS Karthikeyan – former Secretary, S.N. Trust, Former Director of SNDP Yogam, Former Member of the Legislative Assembly – Aroor, Chief Editor of Dinamani daily

Entertainment

 * Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma – film lyricist
 * Rajan P. Dev – Malayalam film actor and drama/theater personality
 * S. L. Puram Sadanandan – Malayalam playwright and film scriptwriter
 * Chelangatt Gopalakrishnan – writer and film critic
 * Joy J. Kaimaparamban – English and Malayalam author
 * Jomon T. John – Indian cinematographer
 * Sijoy Varghese – Actor, Ad Film Director
 * Radhika – Malayalam cine actress
 * Syam Pushkaran – Malayalam scriptwriter

Politics

 * A. K. Antony – thrice Chief minister of Kerala in UDF Ministry, Indian Defence Minister
 * Vayalar Ravi – former Home minister of Kerala in UDF Ministry, Union Cabinet Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs and Minister for Parliamentary Affairs
 * K. R. Gouri Amma – First revenue minister of Kerala State, First women minister of kerala state.
 * P. J. Thomas, Polayil – Chief Secretary, Kerala
 * C. K. Chandrappan – communist leader
 * P. Thilothaman – Former minister for food and civil supplies, Kerala State

Science and technology

 * Itty Achuthan – major contributor of ethno-medical information for the compilation of Hortus Malabaricus
 * Gopinath Kartha — crystallographer born in Cherthala
 * S. Somanath – aerospace engineer and currently serving as chief of ISRO

title: Cherthala


text:
User talk:Clumsyone

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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P.S. I like messages :-P

India quick links
Hi, I thought this would be useful:

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Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India
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Articles and redirects
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Nomination of Canadian federal election, 2015 for deletion
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Virgin Australia Holdings
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Smita Kalokhe
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Speedy deletion nomination of Anu Prakash

A tag has been placed on Anu Prakash requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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 * Hi. I deleted the "Anu Prakash" page because it did not suggest that she is notable in terms of a Wikipedia article. For a journalist to have an article in Wikipedia, they need to meet the criteria at WP:ARTIST. If an article is created that neither shows nor even asserts notability, it risks being deleted as this one was. I couldn't find any sources that would support a claim that Anu Prakash is notable enough for an article, but I invite you to do so if you have any, and the article can then be recreated. If you'd like a copy of the old one to work from, please let me know and I will send it to you. Euryalus (talk) 11:10, 20 September 2013 (UTC)

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Star Alliance
A user has added Air India as a current member but the airline will not join until July. Can you take a look?? Rzxz1980 (talk) 18:16, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

Dear talk Please stop vandalising Star Alliance and Oneworld or your consequences will be being blocked from wikipedia.SillyPotatoe (talk) 16:14, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Clumsyone


text:
1871 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1871.

Explorations

 * Karl Mauch explores and describes the ruins of Great Zimbabwe.

Excavations

 * October 11 - Heinrich Schliemann begins his excavations of Troy.
 * Hjalmar Stolpe begins his excavations of Birka.

Publications

 * Edward Burnett Tylor's anthropological text Primitive Culture.

Finds

 * Gezer discovered by Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau.
 * Hut on Novaya Zemlya used by Willem Barentsz's expedition is found by Norwegian seal hunter Elling Carlsen.

Births

 * October 11 - Harriet Boyd Hawes, American archaeologist of the Minoan civilization (died 1945)

title: 1871 in archaeology


text: User talk:168.215.117.242

title: User talk:168.215.117.242


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kahiem

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedied by MacGyverMagic. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:23, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Kahiem
Not notable 66.216.68.28 17:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * speedy delete for vanity. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:15, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kahiem


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ayokunle Shoyebi

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDIED per CSD A7. - Mgm|(talk) 20:51, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Ayokunle Shoyebi
Non-notable. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 17:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete under new CSD for vanity. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:31, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied per CSD A7. Non-remarkable person. - Mgm|(talk) 20:51, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Lo Steh

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We're glad to have you here. Just wanted to let you know—the image you uploaded (Metallica friends.jpg) appears to be from a copyrighted source. Please add source information by going to the image page (by typing Image:Metallica friends.jpg in the Search text field to the left) and editing the page to add source information. If your image is in the public domain, or licensed under the GFDL, then it's OK to use; if not, you have to claim fair use, which may or may not stand up. If the image is copyrighted and it's not subject to fair use, then the image must be deleted. See Copyrights for details. For a good example of a correctly labeled picture, type Image:Nucleus_ER_golgi_ex.jpg in the Search field to the left.

I love the photo; I think it's priceless and excellent for the Dave Mustaine article, and I definitely hope that it's usable ... but we have to abide by these rules.

Best wishes, and see the welcome page or ask at Help desk if you have any questions. Or contact me at User_talk:Tempshill. Yours, Tempshill 17:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lo Steh


text:
Landó (music)

Landó  is an Afro-Peruvian form of music in the musica criolla genre.

Influences
There are theories of the origin of this genre. According to the Peruvian reciter and ethnomusicologist Nicomedes Santa Cruz (1925-1992), the word "landó" derives from ondú, an African dance. It is also suggested that the landó comes from the Brazilian dance lundu. Likewise, the term "landó" is hardly found in the literature of the time of the Viceroyalty of Peru, although there is some mention of the "zamba landa". No reliable historical sources have yet been found on which an accurate description of the development of the landau in Peru can be elaborated; the only available source is the scant information provided by twentieth-century informants who witnessed the execution and the text and music of the few landós that have survived.

Today
It is only in the 1960s that a song called "Samba Malató", compiled in Lima by Nicomedes Santa Cruz, and recorded by his Conjunto "Cumanana" became popular. Since then, dance groups have recreated a choreography for this dance, as the original was lost.

After this success, other landós emerged such as "A saca camote con el pie" and "Taita Guaranguito", collected in the areas of Cañete and Chincha. Over the years, various composers popularized various landós.

Rhythmic structure
The basic rhythm of Landó is a two-bar figure, played on the cajón (B = bass, F = flam, . = rest): B. F. B B |. F B. F B ...or, alternatively: B. F. B B |. F. F. B This pattern is closely related to a bell pattern found in many African-based rhythms (L = low pitch, H = high pitch): L. H. H H |. H. H. H However, another pattern for the hand bell is often favoured: H H H. H H | H. H H H.

title: Landó (music)


text: Talk:Trsteno

title: Talk:Trsteno


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User talk:InfoSlave~enwiki

Hi, that's hell of a good nickname for a Wikipedian. Greetings, 790 17:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called InfoSlave. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name InfoSlave~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:InfoSlave~enwiki


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User talk:Nicsilo

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 17:08, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

Sources for General Conference
Hello, good work on General Conference, and thanks for the contribution. However, you forgot to add any references to the article. Keeping Wikipedia accurate and verifiable is very important, and there is currently a push to encourage editors to cite the sources they used when adding content. What websites, books, or other places did you learn the information that you added to General Conference? Would it be possible for you to mention them in the article? Thank you very much. - SimonP 05:10, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reply. I've done a bit of formatting of General Conference, and I've turned General conference in a disambiguation page. - SimonP 03:27, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nicsilo


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Zabolotiv

Zabolotiv (Zabłotów; זאַבלאטאוו) is a rural settlement in Kolomyia Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, western Ukraine, in the historic region of Pokuttia. It hosts the administration of Zabolotiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: In 2001, the population was 4,129.

History
Starting from 1790, a growing Jewish community became an important part of local life. At the beginning of the 20th century, antisemitic unrest culminated in the first pogrom in Zabolotiv in 1903. Later, German Nazis exterminated one part of the Jewish population while others managed to flee to the United States and Israel: Circa 1,200 Jews from Zabolotiv area were believed to be killed during the Second World War. In July 2023, local Orthodox and Catholic Christian communities served a memorial service for forgiveness for the persecution and extermination of local Jewish community.

Until 18 July 2020, Zabolotiv belonged to Sniatyn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Sniatyn Raion was merged into Kolomyia Raion.

Until 26 January 2024, Zabolotiv was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Zabolotiv became a rural settlement.

Notable people

 * Otto M. Nikodym (1887–1974) (Otton Martin Nikodým), Polish mathematician
 * Manes Sperber (1905–1984), Austrian-French novelist, essayist and psychologist, who wrote under the pseudonyms Jan Heger and N.A. Menlos
 * Svitlana Onyshchuk (born 1984), Ukrainian government official

title: Zabolotiv


text: User talk:130.18.49.203

title: User talk:130.18.49.203


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Talk:Gulf Stream

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 August 2020 and 3 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Angerine01.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:50, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

"there is consensus"
The heading of the article claims that there is consensus about the gulf stream and then doesn't provide a single citation for that claim. Claiming consensus feels a bit bold, but doing it without *any* citations seems like a huge mistake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:647:CD01:F090:79CF:65B7:823A:16D1 (talk) 01:38, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

Guardian: Climate crisis, Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse
I'm unsure how to include this in the article but seems very important, please can someone check it and include?

 * https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/05/climate-crisis-scientists-spot-warning-signs-of-gulf-stream-collapse

Thanks

John Cummings (talk) 16:06, 5 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Another recent study found that the Gulf Stream may collapse in less than a decade, possibly as early as 2025. Jarble (talk) 19:15, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Suggestion to remove "renewable power generation" section
The Gulf Stream's potential for renewable power generation is not significant enough to warrant its own section in this article, at least not at this point in time. The articles cited in this section are academically interesting (primarily the Yang et al. (2013) paper, none of the other references add much beyond this) but there is no significant/large-scale project underway to exploit the Gulf Stream as an energy source. A layperson reading this article may leave with the impression that this is a serious undertaking, when this is not the case. Scleractinian (talk) 14:34, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * deleted Chidgk1 (talk) 12:19, 12 April 2022 (UTC)

AMOC article says AMOC shutdown will cool British Isles
This article suggests it won’t. Doug Weller talk 20:18, 18 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulf Stream


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Cattle raiding in Kenya

The northern Kenya region is a very insecure area. For years now, there has been a number of cattle raids going on, terrorising the civilian population and killing hundreds of people.

History
Tensions in this region are long-lasting. For a long time now the Turkana have been armed, and cattle raids have been going on.

Raids occur between Kenya and Ethiopia. The Boranas group has recently been involved in raids involving cattle, according to a BBC article. Over the past year, more and more people from Ethiopia are crossing into Kenya, and violence is a common occurrence in the region.

On July 3, 2005 Kenya government agreed in a meeting to step up efforts to disarm pastoral communities in its northern counties.

Among pastoral communities in north western Kenya, and across the border in South Sudan, bride-wealth has been cited as a major reason why cattle raids continue. In these areas, cattle raids are seen as the only way many young men can acquire the means to marry.

Recent raids

 * In April 2003, dozens of people were killed and thousands displaced after an attack by Kenyan cattle raiders in eastern Uganda (BBC).
 * On July 12, 2005 61 people died in Kenya from attacks (BBC).
 * On July 15, 2005 the BBC reported over 25 deaths over a two-day period when raiders from Uganda ambushed and stole cattle (BBC). Over 2,000 animals are believed to have been stolen in the past month. An army commander said the trouble began when Pian warriors raided cattle from the rival Bokora ethnic group.
 * Kenyan security forces say they have shot dead 18 of the cattle raiders.
 * On July 31, 2008 raiders shot around 30 herdsmen at Suguta Valley. The herdsmen were chasing raiders, who had earlier stolen their cattle, but the herdsmen run out of ammunition.
 * In August 2009 seven suspected raiders and a 16-year-old herdsboy were killed as raiders attacked the Napoi Enatuny village in Turkana West District.
 * In September 2009 at least 31 people died during a raid to Mogurak, Laikipia North District
 * On November 10 Ten people died when Samburu cattle raiders attacked the Kisima village in Samburu County.
 * In September 2022 at least 11 people died during a raid in Turkana County.

title: Cattle raiding in Kenya


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ganoria Crew

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:46, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Ganoria Crew
Not notable, zero google hits 66.216.68.28 17:10, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Creator had been making lot's of non-notable pages related to Ganoria and more or less vandalized the Katie Holmes page. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn whatever they are. -- Etacar11   00:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 03:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:83.131.93.159

title: User talk:83.131.93.159


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The Race (yachting race)

The Race was a round-the-world sailing race that started in Barcelona, Spain, on December 31, 2000.

The race was created by Bruno Peyron, and it was the first ever non-stop, no-rules, no-limits, round-the-world sailing event, with a $2 million US prize.

The stated objectives of this race were:
 * to unite the different maritime cultures of the world
 * to gather together the world's premiere yachtsmen and women in a common event
 * to promote creativity in ocean sailing
 * to ally high technology and the environment
 * to create the most spectacular and most prestigious fleet of offshore racers that sailing has ever seen

A second race was planned for 2004, but was cancelled amid controversy that Tracy Edwards had organised a competing event called Oryx Quest.

Results
The 2000–01 race was won by Club Med, skippered by Grant Dalton in 62d 6h 56' 33".

title: The Race (yachting race)


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User talk:Ado1f-Hitler

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Hall Monitor 17:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ado1f-Hitler


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Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse

Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse is a 1990 platform game developed and published by Sega and released for the Mega Drive/Genesis. An 8-bit version of the game was later released for the Master System and Game Gear. The game follows Mickey Mouse on a quest to save Minnie Mouse from the evil witch Mizrabel. It is the first game in Sega's Illusion video game series starring Mickey.

Castle of Illusion was very well received by critics, especially the original 16-bit version. It was re-released in 1998 in Japan as part of Sega Ages: Mickey Mouse & Donald Duck for the Sega Saturn, which features both Castle of Illusion and QuackShot. A remake of the game by Sega Studios Australia was released for PlayStation Network, Windows and Xbox Live Arcade in September 2013. The game was also included on the Sega Genesis Mini in 2019.

Plot
Castle of Illusion is a side-scrolling platformer in which the player takes control of Mickey Mouse as he goes inside the Castle of Illusion in order to rescue Minnie Mouse from an evil witch named Mizrabel, who wants to steal Minnie's youth and beauty. Upon meeting and conversing with the castle's true owner and king, Mickey is told that in order to defeat Mizrabel he must find the Seven Gems of the Rainbow. The majority of the seven gems are kept within various illusion-filled worlds (known in the game as levels) and are being guarded by Mizrabel's henchmen – which are known as the Masters of Illusion. Alongside the Masters of Illusion is Mizrabel's army. The army consists of bizarre creatures, such as enchanted mushrooms, toy soldiers, ball-juggling, unicycle-riding clowns, spiders and armored knights. After thanking the castellan and hurrying into the castle hallway, Mickey begins to search through five doors that each leads to a different level. The levels are The Enchanted Forest, Toyland, The Storm, Dessert Factory, The Library, and finally, The Castle.

Gameplay

Mickey's main method of attack is to perform a "bounce" whilst jumping, which can be used to defeat enemies or to bounce upwards towards higher areas. Mickey can collect projectiles such as apples and marbles to throw at his opponents. There are various items that earn bonus points, increase the player's health and grant extra tries.

Every level ends in a boss battle against each Master of Illusion (Mizrabel's henchmen) where Mickey can earn a gem, although the final two levels award a gem halfway through. After clearing all five levels, obtaining all gems will open up the route to the witch's tower. There, the player faces the final boss: a giant and youthful version of Mizrabel. There is an easy mode available where players play through truncated versions of the first three levels, with no boss fights.

The Master System and Game Gear versions of the game have different game mechanics, enemies, items, levels and graphics.

Release
The game was included on a cartridge entitled Disney Collection, bundled with QuackShot, in 1996. An emulated version of Castle of Illusion was included in a bundle for those who preordered its remake on PSN, this bundle was offered again for PlayStation Plus subscribers in April 2014.

An 8-bit version of the game was released in 1991 for the Master System and Game Gear.

Mega Drive/Genesis
At the time of its release, Castle of Illusion received positive reviews. Mean Machines gave the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis version of the game a positive review, awarding it a score of 95% while specifically praising the game's graphics and playability. Console XS gave an overall score of 96% and praised the graphics, sound, gameplay and the dynamic gameplay. Mega Action gave a review score 90% and described the game as "a classic game with a massive playing area", they also praised the graphics and sound concluding: "We guarantee that you will be not disappointed". MegaTech opined the game is one of the best platform games on the MegaDrive and praised the game that it combines superlative graphics and excellent gameplay making Castle of Illusion addictive and an enjoyable challenge.

Entertainment Weekly picked the game as the #19 greatest game available in 1991, saying: "Perfect for younger players, but challenging enough to satisfy adults, too. A superbly animated Mickey bops through three different worlds—the Enchanted Forest, Toyland, and the Dessert Factory—in a quest to save Minnie from the evil witch Mizrabel".

Mega placed it at the 21st spot on their 1992 list of top Mega Drive games of all time.

According to GameSpot in 2010, "it wasn't just the levels that made this game so good. The music, the controls, and Mickey's superb animation all contributed to one of the very best Disney games that would heavily influence those to follow". In 2017, Gamesradar placed the game 35th on its "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time".

Master System/Game Gear
The Master System version also received positive reviews. Sega Power magazine in 1991 rated it the best Master System game of all time.

ACE called the Game Gear version "basically an unadulterated Mario clone—and not a bad one at that", giving it a score of eight out of ten. Console XS called the Castle of Illusion one of best games on the Master System writing: "Brilliant animation and sprite definition make this a joy to watch". They also praised the Game Gear version saying that it contains most of the levels from the other versions and Mickey looking superb because of the shrunken graphics.

Legacy
A sequel, Land of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse, was released for the Master System in 1992 and for the Game Gear in 1993. World of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck followed for the Mega Drive/Genesis in 1992. In 1995, Legend of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse was released for the Game Gear, with a Master System port following in 1998 in Brazil.

Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion, developed by DreamRift, was released in November 2012 for the Nintendo 3DS and serves as a spiritual successor to Castle of Illusion. In it, Mizrabel from Castle of Illusion returns as the main villain, but redesigned to resemble Maleficent.

Remake
A remake of the game, developed by Sega Studios Australia, was released for the PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade and PC in September 2013. The game features 2.5D gameplay with 3D graphics and was developed under the supervision of the original game's director, Emiko Yamamoto, with a reimagined soundtrack by Grant Kirkhope. The original game was made available as a pre-order bonus for the PSN version.


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1896 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1896.

Excavations

 * Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt of Queen's College, Oxford, begin excavation at Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, discovering New Testament texts amongst the Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
 * Richard Wetherill begins excavating Chaco Canyon.
 * George H. Pepper from the American Museum of Natural History leads the Hyde Exploring Expedition in excavating Pueblo Bonito (ending 1899).
 * A. S. Murray of the British Museum begins excavating Enkomi, Cyprus.
 * Society of Antiquaries of Scotland begins excavating Ardoch Roman Fort.

Publications

 * Sousa Viterbo - Archeologia industrial Portuguesa: Os moinhos. O Archeologo Português II(8/9): 193-204 (Aug./Sept.)

Finds

 * February - Broighter Gold found by farmer, Tom Nicholl.
 * December 1 - Archaeologist Alois Anton Führer, Nepalese General Khadga Samsher Rana and an expedition rediscover the great stone pillar of Ashoka at Lumbini, traditionally the spot of the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, after using Faxian's records.
 * Charioteer of Delphi found at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi by French excavators.
 * Madaba Map.
 * Flinders Petrie discovers the Merneptah Stele at Luxor Temple

Miscellaneous

 * April 6 - The opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games, are held at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.
 * April 16 - The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty in England acquires its first building for preservation, Alfriston Clergy House, a 14th-century Wealden hall house.

Births

 * July 12 - Li Ji, Chinese archaeologist (d. 1979)

Deaths

 * January 28 - Giuseppe Fiorelli, Italian archaeologist of Pompeii (b. 1823)
 * February 24 - Mariano Armellini, Italian archaeologist of early Christian Rome (b. 1852)
 * April 12 - Carl Humann, German archaeologist (b. 1839)
 * June 10 - John Henry Middleton, English archaeologist (b. 1846)
 * July 11 - Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist (b. 1814)
 * December 17 - Charles Edwin Wilbour, American Egyptologist and writer (b. 1833)

title: 1896 in archaeology


text:
Narada Productions

Narada is a record label formed in 1983 as an independent new-age music label and distributed by MCA. From 1997–2013, the label was owned by Virgin Records on behalf of EMI. Since 2013, it is a fully owned subsidiary of Universal Music Group and distributed by Capitol Music Group's Blue Note Records. The label evolved through an expansion of formats to include world music, electronica, jazz, Celtic music, new flamenco, acoustic guitar, and piano releases.

Label history
In 1979, John Morey started a mail-order business to sell new-age music. This led to the creation of Narada in Milwaukee in 1983, and the roster eventually included David Arkenstone, Jesse Cook, Michael Gettel, Michael Jones, David Lanz, Oscar Lopez, and Billy McLaughlin. Virgin Records bought Narada in 1997, along with Higher Octave and Back Porch, and directly signed Yanni, along with other New Age and Smooth Jazz acts.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Narada created several sub-label imprints to differentiate its offerings, in particular Sona Gaia, Antiquity Records, Rising Sun Records, Narada World, Narada Equinox, Narada Jazz, and Narada Mystique. Since the acquisition, Narada was the principal U.S. licensee for Peter Gabriel's Real World Records until 2008. The sub-labels of Narada were retired and their albums folded into the company's main imprint, Narada.

Shakti Records was created in 2000 for electronic music, but the last release was in 2004 as Narada concentrated on contemporary jazz. Higher Octave and Back Porch were absorbed into Narada in 2004 as sub-labels, without the original staff, significantly reducing their roster of artists and albums.

In 2005, Narada was named No. 4 in the 2005 top four contemporary jazz labels in Billboard magazine's year-end charts.

In 2006, EMI moved Narada from Milwaukee suburb Glendale, Wisconsin to EMI headquarters in New York City, to become part of the expanded role for Blue Note, EMI's consolidated label group for music for adults. Likewise merged in were Mosaic, Capitol Jazz, Roulette Jazz, Pacific Jazz, Manhattan, Angel, and Metro Blue; announced plans were to continue using existing imprints. As part of this consolidation, Narada's involvement with new-age music was reduced with Narada's focus narrowed to mainly contemporary jazz; new age would be put on sister label Higher Octave.

Roster

 * Azam Ali
 * Altan
 * Ancient Future
 * David Arkenstone
 * Spencer Brewer
 * Bob Baldwin
 * Peter Buffett
 * Doug Cameron
 * Paul Cardall
 * Colin Chin
 * Jesse Cook
 * Joyce Cooling
 * John Doan
 * Down to the Bone
 * Lila Downs
 * William Ellwood
 * Dean Evenson
 * Alasdair Fraser
 * Michael Gettel
 * Wayne Gratz
 * Ralf Illenberger
 * Jim Jacobsen
 * Michael Jones
 * Bradley Joseph
 * Martin Kolbe
 * Kostia
 * David Lanz
 * Nando Lauria
 * Gabriel Lee
 * Tony Levin
 * Oscar Lopez
 * Jeff Lorber
 * Peter Maunu
 * Keiko Matsui
 * Kathy Mattea
 * Billy McLaughlin
 * Robert Miles
 * Bruce Mitchell
 * Carol Nethen
 * Judith Pintar
 * Kate Price
 * Kim Robertson
 * Randy Roos
 * Don Ross
 * Bernardo Rubaja
 * Nancy Rumbel
 * Richard Souther
 * Paul Speer
 * Ira Stein
 * Miriam Stockley
 * David Sylvian
 * Eric Tingstad
 * Tingstad & Rumbel
 * Trapezoid
 * Artie Traum
 * Vas
 * Andrew White
 * Friedemann Witecka
 * Simon Wynberg
 * Hans Zimmer

Compilation albums

 * 20 Years of Narada Piano
 * Grand Piano (Narada Anniversary Collection)
 * Gypsy Passion: New Flamenco
 * Narada Smooth Jazz
 * Stories (Narada Artist Collection)
 * The Next Generation – Narada Sampler
 * Narada Film and Television Music Sampler (1998)
 * The Wilderness Collection (1990)
 * Viva Flamenco! (2000)
 * Flamenco: Fire and Grace (1996)

title: Narada Productions


text:
Amala (mythology)

Amala is a mythological giant who supports the world in the mythology of the Tsimshian, Nass, Skidegate, Kaigani, Massett, and Tlingit Native Americans. He supports the Earth which he balances on a spinning pole. He receives an annual application of wild duck-oil to his muscles from a servant which brings relief to his muscles. The belief is that when all the ducks are hunted out, there will no longer be any duck-oil available in the world. At this point, Amala dies and the world topples off the pole and comes to an end.

The myth
The name Amala refers to his being very dirty and literally means “smoke hole.” Amala is said to be the youngest child in a family who is physically weak and lazy. He is made to sleep in the ashes and suffers mistreatment from everybody. In many variants of the myth, Amala sleeps in his urine. Late in his life he attains supernatural strength in secret and becomes a handsome, and powerful young man who performs many daring feats and turns savior and protector for his relatives against their enemies. The concluding feat of his life is to succeed a dying chief on an island in the Southwest sea in the task of holding the Earth up. The dying chief hears of Amala's various exploits and, impressed by his prowess, calls the hero. When Amala arrives, the chief hands over the long pole upon which the flat world revolves. Some versions of the myth state that the chief places the pole on Amala's chest, while some versions hold that the pole is held behind Amala's back. A servant relieves Amala's muscles with yearly application of spoonfuls of duck grease and wild-duck oil which help Amala to keep the world spinning.

Possible influences
There is a possibility that the myths about Amala and similar heroes of Native American mythology were influenced by the tales of Cinderella and Atlas - the titan who carries the world on his shoulder in Greek mythology, introduced into Native American culture from Europe. There is a similarity between Cinderella and Amala in that both sleep in ashes and both are abused by their tribe or family. The storyline of Amala - the despised member of the tribe who overcomes adversity and rises to be a hero among his people, may be a combination of elements of the downtrodden and derided hero or heroine, such as Cinderella, and the hero of the Atlas-type who dwells in the underworld.

title: Amala (mythology)


title: User:Ado1f-Hitler


text:
Daylight Again

Daylight Again is the fourth studio album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, and their third studio album in the trio configuration. It peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, the final time the band made the top ten before the death of David Crosby in 2023. Three singles were released from the album, all making the Billboard Hot 100: "Wasted on the Way" peaked at No. 9, "Southern Cross" at No. 18, and "Too Much Love to Hide" at No. 69. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA with sales of 1,850,000.

Background
The genesis of the album lies in recordings made by Stephen Stills and Graham Nash at intervals in 1980 and 1981 and the album was originally slated to be a Stills–Nash project. They employed Art Garfunkel, Timothy B. Schmit and Mike Finnigan to sing in place of where David Crosby might have been. Executives at Atlantic Records, however, had little interest in anything but CSN product from any member of the group, and held out for the presence of Crosby, forcing Nash and Stills to start paying for the sessions out-of-pocket. They began to turn toward the company's point of view, however, and decided to invite Crosby to participate at the eleventh hour.

Crosby brought two tracks to the album: "Delta", where Stills and Nash squeezed their vocals into Crosby's already-taped multi-tracked harmonies, and "Might As Well Have a Good Time", which received the bona fide Crosby, Stills & Nash treatment. Most of the recording, however, features other voices in addition to the main trio, a first for any CSNY record, as is the number of outside writers. Graham Nash wrote the album's biggest hit, "Wasted on the Way", about the time the group spent in squabbles and diversions rather than concentrating on their music. The second single, "Southern Cross", was Stills' partial rewrite of a song by brothers Richard and Michael Curtis. The song "Daylight Again" evolved out of Stills' guitar-picking to accompany on-stage stories regarding the South in the Civil War, segueing into "Find the Cost of Freedom", which had been the B-side of the "Ohio" single in 1970.

Daylight Again was the band's first album in the video age, and a video was filmed for "Southern Cross" featuring the band and one of their favorite metaphors, a sailing vessel. It received a fair amount of rotation on MTV in 1982 and 1983, and helped to propel the album's sales.

The album has been released on compact disc on three occasions: an initial time in the 1980s; remastered using the original master tapes by Ocean View Digital and reissued on September 20, 1994; and again remastered using the HDCD process and reissued by Rhino Records on January 24, 2006, with four bonus tracks.

Personnel
Crosby, Stills & Nash
 * David Crosby – vocals, keyboards (5)
 * Stephen Stills – vocals, Rhodes piano (1, 6), electric guitar (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12-14), acoustic guitar (2, 3, 11), Yamaha CP-30 analog stage piano (6), percussion (7), banjo (11), keyboards (12)
 * Graham Nash – vocals, electric guitar (1, 4), organ (4), percussion (7), acoustic piano (8), harmonica (9)

Additional musicians
 * Mike Finnigan – organ (1, 7, 10, 13, 14), additional vocals (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9), Yamaha CP-30 analog stage piano (3), electric piano (4), acoustic piano (7), keyboards (9)
 * Craig Doerge – synthesizers (1, 5, 8, 14), keyboards (2, 5, 12), Rhodes piano (8), acoustic piano (10, 14, 15)
 * Richard T. Bear – acoustic piano (3), synthesizers (3)
 * Jay Ferguson – organ (8)
 * James Newton Howard – keyboards (12)
 * Michael Stergis – electric guitar (1, 4, 7, 13, 14), acoustic guitar (2, 3, 6, 8, 9)
 * Joel Bernstein – acoustic guitar (2, 8), electric guitar (8)
 * Dean Parks – electric guitar (5)
 * Gerry Tolman – electric guitar (6)
 * Danny Kortchmar – electric guitar (12)
 * George "Chocolate" Perry – bass (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12-14)
 * Bob Glaub – bass (2)
 * Leland Sklar – bass (5)
 * Joe Vitale – drums (1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 13, 14)
 * Russ Kunkel – drums (2, 5, 8)
 * Jeff Porcaro – drums (6, 12)
 * Joe Lala – percussion (2-4, 6, 7, 9, 13), congas (12)
 * Wayne Goodwin – fiddle (2), cello arrangements (8)
 * Roberleigh Barnhart – cello (8)
 * Ernie Ehrhardt – cello (8)
 * Miguel Martinez – cello (8)
 * Timothy B. Schmit – additional vocals (1-4, 8, 14), bass (8)
 * Art Garfunkel – additional vocals (11)

Production

 * Crosby, Stills & Nash – producers (1-4, 6-11)
 * Steve Gursky – co-producer (1-4, 6-11), engineer
 * Stanley Johnston – co-producer (1-4, 6-11), producer (10), engineer
 * Craig Doerge – producer (5, 10)
 * Stephen Barncard – additional engineer
 * Gaylord Holomalia – second engineer
 * Jerry Hudgins – second engineer
 * Gerry Lentz – second engineer
 * Jay Parti – second engineer
 * Gordon Rowley – second engineer
 * Russell Schmitt – second engineer
 * Stan Richter – original mastering
 * Joe Gastwirt – digital remastering
 * Jimmy Wachtel – art direction
 * Mac James – logo design
 * Gilbert Williams – front cover painting
 * Henry Diltz – back cover photography
 * Mark Hanauer – front cover photography
 * Eric Waltersheid – front cover photo assistant
 * Bill Siddons – management
 * Crosslight Management – management
 * Jeff Wald & Associates – management

2006 Expanded Edition credits
 * Gerry Tolman – executive producer
 * James Austin – executive producer
 * Stephen Stills – producer
 * Graham Nash – producer
 * Joel Bernstein – producer
 * Stanley Johnston – producer, recording (12-15), mixing (12-14), mastering assistant, tape reviewing
 * Steve Gursky – recording (12-14)
 * Gerry Lentz – recording assistant (12-14)
 * Jay Parti – recording assistant (15)
 * Stephen Barncard – mixing (15)
 * Greg Hayes – mix assistant (12-14), digital editing (12-14)
 * Cory Frye – editorial supervision
 * Bernie Grundman – mastering
 * David Merchant – tape archivist
 * John Nowland – tape transfers
 * Greg Allen – art direction, design
 * Kenny Nemes – product manager
 * Ginger Dettman – project assistant
 * Karen LeBlanc – project assistant
 * Steve Woolard – project assistant

Charts
Year-end charts

title: Daylight Again


text:
Talk:Laskarina Bouboulina

Old comment
Please consider the following:

"As with many national heroes, recent historians have found reason to criticize her. Some charge that she she had Turkish and Jewish women killed for their jewelery and had the cannons defending Naphplion melted down for her own profit"

Need to back up comments with sources. Basic History lesson. Bouboulinas death when she was shot was istant. she was shot in the head and see had no time to say anything as last words. the ,, help me stand i want to see the sea before i die was said by the actor at the movie but in real history is not true. i visited the museum at Spetses twice and spoke to the people their, also study the history about her death. the people again at the museum few days ago confirmed me that her death was istant and she said nothing at all as she died. John Athens Greece 12/9/07 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.75.254.193 (talk) 18:43, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Copying?
Some text in this article appears to have been copied with few changes from another website. For example, we say: The Bouboulina Museum history page says: Since the material appears so closely based on the museum text, it would be better to re-write it in our own words, or attribute it to the source (such as, "according to the Bouboulina Museum...), or simply quote their text where necessary. We aren't concerned with plagiarism in the academic sense, but it's still a good idea to follow academic standards to the extent that it's practical. A couple of good webages on the topic are here: Overall the article looks good. However I suggest we try to add more inline citations, and more sources besides the museum because it is likely to provide only a positive viewpoint on the subject.  ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 17:40, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
 * As a result, Bouboulina was twice widowed and mother of seven children, but extremely rich from the fortune of ships, land and cash, inherited from both her husbands. Due to successful management and trading, she managed to increase that fortune, becoming partner in several Spetsiot vessels and building three of her own. Among these was the first and largest warship of the Greek War of Independence, "Agamemnon".
 * The year 1811 finds Bouboulina twice widowed and the mother of seven children, but at the same time, extremely rich from the fortunes of ships, land and cash inherited from her husbands. ...She managed not only to keep this fortune intact but also to increase it due to her good management and successful trading. She became partner in several Spetsiot vessels and in time managed to build three of her own. Among these was the famous "Agamemnon", the first and the largest Greek fighting ship of the 1821 War of Independence, whose construction cost Bouboulina 75,000 tallara.

 * This is a good idea. I'll try to do it. - Sthenel (talk) 23:09, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Rather than restoring the previous version it would be better to start from scratch, working a section at a time, while incorporating the suggestions I posted above.  ·:· Will Beback  ·:· 02:50, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Whatever I do User:Future Perfect at Sunrise will revert it again and will block me. I have never seen this behaviour again, reverting to older poor version while the article is not POV, or copied, or vandalized. That he haven't made a comment after 4 days here makes me sure that he doesn't care for the improvement of the article... - Sthenel (talk) 09:26, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Last time you tried a rewrite, there were still passages like:
 * she grew up with a love for the sea and loved listening to the stories of the sailors and their talk of freedom for the Greek nation, which had been suffering under the Ottoman occupation for more than three centuries. She was the unchallenged leader among her eight half-brothers and sisters, having a strong, untamed, almost stubborn character, a dark in colouring and with a regal stature young woman
 * as compared to the source:
 * Bouboulina had a passion for the sea and for ships. She played by the seashore for hours and loved listening to the stories of the sailors and their talk of freedom for the nation, which had been suffering under Turkish occupation for four hundred years. She was the unchallenged leader among her eight half-brothers and sisters, thus showing from a very early age her strong, almost stubborn character, her courage and her decisiveness. Dark in colouring, untamed and with a regal stature
 * The only substantial change you made here happened to make the English ungrammatical.
 * You simply need to try harder. Advice: Just lay the source aside for a moment. Read it, remember the important information, then write down your story from scratch, from beginning to end, without looking at it. Only when you've done that, take another look at the source to fill in any details like years and dates that you might not have remembered, and create footnotes. Fut.Perf. ☼ 08:03, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Greek/Arvanite
Arvanites belong to the Greek nation. We will not say that "Someone is a Sarakatsani/Aromanian/Tsakonian hero" but "Someone is a Greek hero...He is of Sarakatsan/Aromanian/Tsakonian origin". - Sthenel (talk) 18:20, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * They may be part of the Greek nation, but their ethnicity is different, thats why we say "Arvanites". . Also at the time speaking (i.e. 19 century), they were called Albanian Greeks . Also about Bubulina itself, sources are clear on what she is. I cannot just understand this hatress from Greek editors, towards Arvanites.Balkanian`s word (talk) 18:25, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Per WP:NOTABLE, nationality is usually mentioned in the lead, but ethnicity only when it goes directly to the subject's notability. Laskarina Bouboulina was notable for participating in the Greek War of Independence and for being one of the few women leaders to do so.   She is not notable simply for being Arvanite.  Of course, the article should mention that, but the Early life section would be more appropriate rather than the lead.  --Athenean (talk) 18:30, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Why do you always read half of my posts Athenean? (I think this is a clear case of WP:IDONTHEARTHAT). Let me say it again: at the time speaking (i.e. 19 century), they were called Albanian Greeks .Balkanian`s word (talk) 18:35, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I think I do not have to say that that implies nationallity.Balkanian`s word (talk) 18:36, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I think your lack of knowledge of English is getting in the way here. Ethnicity and nationality refer to two completely different things.  Nationality refers to citizenship and belonging to a state.  There was no Albanian state before 1913, so there was no such thing as Albanian nationality until 1913.  Before 1913, there was only Albanian ethnicity.  And WP:NOTABLE is pretty clear on ethnicity.  So I suggest you consult a dictionary and stop wasting everyone's time.   --Athenean (talk) 18:42, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Lol, you do not even know what nationallity is. But ok, as you say: Laskarina Bouboulina was an Ottoman heroine, since she lived in the Ottoman Empire. The same with Botsaris, et.al. lol. Balkanian`s word (talk) 18:45, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * This, coming from someone who can't even spell "nationallity" (sic), and can't even string together a coherent sentence in English.  --Athenean (talk) 18:49, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Yeah thats me! The only problem is that this is not about English-knowledge, but about the difference between nationality, ethnicity and citizenship that Greek editors of wiki have never learned. So, are we ok? Shall we proceed on "Laskarina Bouboulina (Greek: Λασκαρίνα Μπουμπουλίνα, 11 May 1771 - 22 May 1825) was an Ottoman heroine of the Greek War of Independence in 1821."?Balkanian`s word (talk) 18:53, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't have time for your journalistic word games. She was Greek by nationality, Albanian by ethnicity.  Enough said.  --Athenean (talk) 18:57, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

Agreed to Athenean. This is what I want to say. By the way Albanian Greeks or Greek-Albanians is a term that we use today to refer to the Arvanites. During the War of Independence the terms Arvanites, Albanians or Turk-Albanians referred to the enemies of the Greeks, the other side which consisted mostly of Turks and Albanians. Of course Bouboulina was not one of them and nobody used this term to describe himself even if he was Arvanite. As for the "Ottoman" thing, this is ridiculous. This term was applied only to the conquerors Turks. Ottoman Greek would be much better but this is not the case. As for her ethnicity, people from Hydra and Spetses were mixed, there were not only Arvanites but Greek-speaking as well and there is not a common thought about if she was Arvanite. - Sthenel (talk) 19:00, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Why? According to Manual of Style (biographies): "In the normal case this will mean the country of which the person is a citizen when the person became notable", so she is Ottoman. As I think is pretty clear, Wikipedia works on "todays words" not "19th century words" so Albanian Greeks, Greek Albanians, Arvanites, et al, should have todays meanings. Bubulina was a Ottoman citizien (as all inhabitants back then), and her nationality of course was Albanian-Greek. Its too clear (and by the way sourced).Balkanian`s word (talk) 19:06, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

pov-pushing
There is an obvious pov pushing mechanism of Greek contributors, to add the word "Greek" before the term "Arvanite community". This is
 * irrelevant, as that she was Greek is written in the lead
 * Totally POV, as what Arvanites were has nothing to do with this page.

It is like adding in every page where Souliotes are, that they were Cham Albanians. If this POV-pushing is not cleared, I will undo it.Balkanian`s word (talk) 08:49, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

Where does it say that Souliotes are Cham Albanians? Greek Arvanites is important for the reader to understand the meaning, because Arvanites can be confused with TurkAlbanians (Ali Pasha etc.) http://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%80%CF%89%CF%82 CrazyMartini (talk) 20:44, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

As I see the previous version was also supported by Sthenel (not-blocked), suppose the revert would be justified if Sulmues provides some additional argument.Alexikoua (talk) 19:51, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Greek Arvanites seems to me POV pushing too. We have an article on Arvanites, so saying Greek Arvanites, IS IMO POV pushing. I'll drop a line to Sthenel to hear his version. --SulmuesLet's talk 21:13, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Greek Arvanites is also used quite often and it's definitely not POV. Note that in her period the term Arvanites was used by the Greek side to denote the Turk-Albanians, but in its modern sense it clearly defines the Arvanites as part of the Greek nation. Both uses look equally correct to me. - Sthenel (talk) 12:04, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

The article's lead doesn't leave much space for misunderstanding, Greek Arvanites, Christian Arvanites or plain Arvanites, this is so unimportant for having an argument with POV tags waiving. The sentence that follows is much more problematic in my view, why do we need a poorely written snapshot conclusion like this here ? I'll start with the secondary issues. First of all it is technically unsourced, the citation given makes no such comment whatsoever [mixed refs]. Second, the current wording pertains to half-truths, Albanian was the predominant native language of the inhabitants, but in flurishing Arvanite communities like Spetses, diglossia came much earlier. Wherever there's wealth there are increasing rates of literacy and cultural developement, which in our case were implemented through the spreading use of the Greek language outside of the Orthodox liturgy. A rich naval family in Spetses cannot be compared with some isolated shepherds in Southern Euboia of the same origin for example. The following "Orthodox Church" is a rather empty term to what it is supposed to link in the sentence, it mostly gives the sense of a vertical relationship between the religious leadership and the poimnion, if anything "(Greek) Orthodox faith" would be the appropriate wording in this attempt to establish a simplified connection with the Greek identity, since it refers both to a cultural identity and the religious/cultural guidance of the church.

But even if these were fixed, the integration of Arvanites into the Greek people is much more complicated to be summarized in a sentence and this article has no space for more. Religion and the social structures of the Ottoman Empire in relation to religious groups are only the basis. What weight would these have if they weren't co-related with the Greek national movement and the historical reality of the Greek war of independence for instance ? And there are more factors to be considered, like the early lack of a unified Albanian national movement and the later-on weak influence of it among the Arvanites, the "ethnic nation" ideology in the post-Ottoman Balkans and so on. I would have removed it right away, but seeing the atmosphere in this page i wanted to explain myself first. Do i have your permission to remove it ?--GroGaBa (talk) 08:12, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

 * As far as I am concerned, yes.. It has no place in the article. - Sthenel (talk) 10:24, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

pov-pushing #2
Seems we have a new pov concert to change the lead. Especially in this edit: [] the editor says that he didn't know what's the dispute. Obviously we have an repeated attempt to ignore Mosbio.Alexikoua (talk) 09:31, 9 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Alexikoua please don't make comments that can be easily considered npa violations(pov concert). Aigest is correct she didn't have Greek nationality(she died in 1825) and we all know which was her ethnicity, so saying that she was Greek is wrong. Now I'm trying to make a compromise between Aigest's and Athenean's version although I still can't understand what is the dispute since Athenean hasn't disputed her ethnicity on older discussions found on the talkpage. Btw the article is in a very bad state so it would be prudent to improve that and not edit-war over a single unimportant word of the lead.
 * Well then according to this really weird argument we have to remove every 'Albanian' that died before 1913. Please try to avoid supporting disruptive ip activity in general.Alexikoua (talk) 09:49, 9 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry you feel npaed, but you are supporting extreme povish views indeed (apart from ip disruption): [][][][][] Alexikoua (talk) 09:57, 9 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm trying to make a compromise between your versions(both are partly correct) and Alexikoua I don't think that Aigest is disputing that today you consider her as Greek, but regarding 19th century standards the status is different. Btw what's the actual dispute that caused all the reverting? Someone reverted even her surname.-- — ZjarriRrethues — talk 13:15, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually you are 'pretending' that you play the third part, while Aigest has been turned into a revert only editor that never participates in the discussion. Both of you violate wp:mosbio for the usual reasons.Alexikoua (talk) 19:53, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Place of birth
Place of birth mention in "Early life" paragraph does not match the place of birth mentioned bellow the main picture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Papadi (talk • contribs) 09:10, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

Arvanite
It's a little depressing seeing POV pushers hiding her Arvanite origin. Aigest (talk) 13:11, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

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Addition of useless spelling
I wonder why there is a weird tendency to add the "Bububulina" form while there is already a latinized "Bouboulina" name in infobox. It's definitely a unnecessary addition. Both Bubulina & Bouboulina are spelled the same in English. The addition is completely useless for an English speaker in wikipedia.Alexikoua (talk) 22:45, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Well let me explain it to you Alexikoua, Laskarina was an ethnic Albanian and was part of the Arvanite community of Hydra. It is therefore more than justified to add her name in her native language, namely in Albanian. Nishjan (talk) 19:24, 15 July 2023 (UTC)
 * You added an ahistorical spelling, the current spelling is in full agreement with the Arvanite one: even if you put 'u' or 'ou' it's spelled the same. The fact the she comes from an Arvanite community is mentioned in article. Try to familirize with MOSBIO.Alexikoua (talk) 02:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
 * On the other hand you removed the spelling of Fan Noli's birth name as he also used to write it during his early years []. You understand that's disruption. Use only historical names.Alexikoua (talk) 02:12, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

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Current edit war

 * Would you kindly provide alternative sources to Xiradaki and Householder instead of constantly reverting and tagging referenced material as unsourced and needing direct quotations? Engage in a dialogue or I will have to report you for being disruptive.

Catlemur (talk) 15:24, 29 July 2023 (UTC)
 * You could have realized that, though not uncommon, your practice of putting one single reference at the end of a whole paragraph makes sometimes unclear what part of the text the note is really sourcing. It does no harm to add precise page numbers and quotations, when requested, instead of bulk-reverting, angrily erasing tags and bullying others into reporting (for "reference request"???). The quality of the sources is another question, but since you refuse to quote Xiradaki (and her sources, if she cites some), where can we go? You even forbid to attribute her claim about the Filiki Etairia membership, although it is disputed in the very next sentence.
 * I will list some dubious or at least questionable assertions that could be precisely attributed, in order to avoid to present these as established knowledge, when in reality they are based on weak sources (Xiradaki and Kalogeropoulos-Householder are not academic historians and are not specialists of the subjects + K-H's work is not based on archivial research and primary sources - i doubt it is the case with Xiradaki either). So you will be able to forbid these changes, or allow them.--92.88.170.60 (talk) 15:23, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

 * There is a short biography of Xiradaki here, she has received awards from the Estia Neas Smyrnis cultural foundation, the Municipality of Athens and the Academy of Athens (modern) for her work. The book I am citing has been cited by 5 peer reviewed works on Google Scholar, you can find that her other works have likewise been cited multiple times in academic literature. So Xiradaki is reliable in the eyes of academics worldwide but not reliable enough for you? As for Kalogeropoulos-Householder it is a PhD thesis from a reputable university and I am only using this source for minor details. Even when I promoted articles to wp:Good Article status citing PhD theses was not a problem but it is now? If you think those sources are dubious you need to provide a reliable source of your own that contradicts the claims in question. If there is a source at the end of the paragraph (even just one) the claim is considered referenced and its up to you to prove its unreliable.Catlemur (talk) 16:15, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

If you won 'good article' labels using thesis dissertations, that's good for you, but guidelines warn that this material should be used with caution ("theses written as part of the requirements for a doctorate (...) can be used but care should be exercised" etc). Here the dissertation belong to comparative litterature dept, not history, and the central subject is "Feminist Alternatives to Documentary Filmmaking Practices". It should better be used to source 'documentary filmmaking practice' rather than an historical article. Xiradaki may have won this or that and be cited here or there, but about Bouboulina, does she cite sources, does she rely on contemporary primary sources and archivial studies? It is one thing to gain recognizance or success for pioneer work or appealing subjects, it is another thing to write sound scientific history, enough to taken as reference for a period of precise thema.
 * Xiradaki is described as a "self-taught historian" in a PhD thesis (Drivas, GREEK WOMEN IN RESISTANCE AND EXILE   p.28)
 * one of the references of the article, Helen Angelomatis-Tsougarakis, writes that : "In Greece, women’s lives and their contribution to the war of independence stimulated considerable interest early on, initially among other women, but also among others, including amateur historians. (...). However, their documentation is poor, or not easily verifiable, and occasionally there is no documentation at all. Some accounts may be based on oral family tradition, but the emphasis on the heroism of these women often obscures their genuine historical value. Most of this literature is already dated and often of dubious academic merit, mixing documented facts with romantic assumptions, improbable claims and patriotic rhetoric intended to appeal perhaps to a wide national readership." and cites among other books (Parren etc) the "Gynaikes tou 21" from Xiradaki.

So though Xiradaki may have some qualities and be an interesting author, she shouldn't be blindly taken at face value.--92.88.170.60 (talk) 22:47, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Alright, I am waiting for you to provide solid academic sources to replace those of Xiradaki and Householder, I've said that 3 or 4 times already. Still haven't seen any.--Catlemur (talk) 15:09, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

You are still misrepresenting things, as if I were radically changing the article while you were desperately asking for sources. Instead, you are reverting changes as innocuous as "According to X", and you don't allow any contextualization to KH thesis because you trust it as much as I find it lacking in its historical approach.

As always in these cases, it is quite impossible to have sources saying precisely that "this implausible unfounded claim is wrong", just as you won't find no source saying that "JFK was not the best ever foxtrot dancer in his hometown" even if an enthousiast biographer wrote that he was. This is when phrasing like "According to", or a mention that the claim is not sourced in the given reference, are useful to the reader.

I am not aware of any strong academic source about Bouboulina's career. Though there are tons of 19c century (perhaps too 'primary' for use on WP) sources about the actions of the spetsiot fleet (Τα σπετσιώτικα, among others), using them (or using simple commons sense about the lack of descriptions of Bouboulina's supposed oustanding actions in detailed general descriptions of the war) would lean toward original research. But since i didn't fundamentally alter the text nor "replaced X and KH's texts" (as you falsely accuse me to do), there is no "stronger source" to wait for, and you can stop saying in again and again; if the text looks less unadequately affirmative and the reader is given proper indication of the real reliability of the present sources, this will already be an improvement.

By the way while you repeatedly ask me for sources about changes i didn't make, you did not answer my question about Xiradaki's sources, i.e. if she cites some, and which they are.--77.131.3.35 (talk) 11:52, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

Problems in the article
--77.131.3.35 (talk) 11:52, 5 August 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) KH is cited as a source about  Pinotsis being emprisoned "shortly after the birth of his daughter", but she writes that B was born while her father was emprisoned; i wouldn't dare to modify a sourced text, but the two sources disagree and one is misrepresented.
 * 2) Xiradaki disagrees with Kolokotronis about the result of the battle at Argos (failure for the Ottomans for the first, success for the second); there is therefore a need to add some kind of "according to xiradaki", if possible with her source.
 * 3) how can B be at the siege of Monemvasia with the agamemnon and commanding another ship in Galaxidi in the same time ?  (One answer is that the Agamemnon didn't take part to the siege of monemvasia but participated to the spetsiot expedition to the gulf of Corinth and Galaxidi, according to spetsiot 19c historians citing detailed documentary evidence)
 * 4) the dates for the capture of Palamidi is universally given as the night between 29 november (old style)/11 december (new style) and 30 nov/12 dec (Saint Andrew's Day). So, were did Xiradaki take her date for this event???
 * 5) the source about admilralship states the Russian delegation arrived "a few day after her death", implying that the nomination would not have been post mortem (it was taking more than a few days for news to go from Spetses to StPetersburg and back) (NB the interpretation that Alexander postumeoudly granted her the title is not in the source, so accusation of modifying a sourced text is pointless) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.158.121.254 (talk) 12:40, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Laskarina Bouboulina


text: Category:American rock music groups

title: Category:American rock music groups


text: User talk:67.101.252.68

title: User talk:67.101.252.68