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Geometry processing

Geometry processing is an area of research that uses concepts from applied mathematics, computer science and engineering to design efficient algorithms for the acquisition, reconstruction, analysis, manipulation, simulation and transmission of complex 3D models. As the name implies, many of the concepts, data structures, and algorithms are directly analogous to signal processing and image processing. For example, where image smoothing might convolve an intensity signal with a blur kernel formed using the Laplace operator, geometric smoothing might be achieved by convolving a surface geometry with a blur kernel formed using the Laplace-Beltrami operator.

Applications of geometry processing algorithms already cover a wide range of areas from multimedia, entertainment and classical computer-aided design, to biomedical computing, reverse engineering, and scientific computing.

Geometry processing is a common research topic at SIGGRAPH, the premier computer graphics academic conference, and the main topic of the annual Symposium on Geometry Processing.

Geometry processing as a life cycle

Geometry processing involves working with a shape, usually in 2D or 3D, although the shape can live in a space of arbitrary dimensions. The processing of a shape involves three stages, which is known as its life cycle. At its "birth," a shape can be instantiated through one of three methods: a model, a mathematical representation, or a scan. After a shape is born, it can be analyzed and edited repeatedly in a cycle. This usually involves acquiring different measurements, such as the distances between the points of the shape, the smoothness of the shape, or its Euler characteristic. Editing may involve denoising, deforming, or performing rigid transformations. At the final stage of the shape's "life," it is consumed. This can mean it is consumed by a viewer as a rendered asset in a game or movie, for instance. The end of a shape's life can also be defined by a decision about the shape, like whether or not it satisfies some criteria. Or it can even be fabricated in the real world, through a method such as 3D printing or laser cutting.

Discrete Representation of a Shape
Like any other shape, the shapes used in geometry processing have properties pertaining to their geometry and topology. The geometry of a shape concerns the position of the shape's points in space, tangents, normals, and curvature. It also includes the dimension in which the shape lives (ex. $$R^2$$ or $$R^3$$). The topology of a shape is a collection of properties that do not change even after smooth transformations have been applied to the shape. It concerns dimensions such as the number of holes and boundaries, as well as the orientability of the shape. One example of a non-orientable shape is the Mobius strip.

In computers, everything must be discretized. Shapes in geometry processing are usually represented as triangle meshes, which can be seen as a graph. Each node in the graph is a vertex (usually in $$R^3$$), which has a position. This encodes the geometry of the shape. Directed edges connect these vertices into triangles, which by the right hand rule, then have a direction called the normal. Each triangle forms a face of the mesh. These are combinatoric in nature and encode the topology of the shape. In addition to triangles, a more general class of polygon meshes can also be used to represent a shape. More advanced representations like progressive meshes encode a coarse representation along with a sequence of transformations, which produce a fine or high resolution representation of the shape once applied. These meshes are useful in a variety of applications, including geomorphs, progressive transmission, mesh compression, and selective refinement.

Euler Characteristic
One particularly important property of a 3D shape is its Euler characteristic, which can alternatively be defined in terms of its genus. The formula for this in the continuous sense is $$\chi= 2c - 2h - b$$, where $$c$$ is the number of connected components, $$h$$ is number of holes (as in donut holes, see torus), and $$b$$ is the number of connected components of the boundary of the surface. A concrete example of this is a mesh of a pair of pants. There is one connected component, 0 holes, and 3 connected components of the boundary (the waist and two leg holes). So in this case, the Euler characteristic is -1. To bring this into the discrete world, the Euler characteristic of a mesh is computed in terms of its vertices, edges, and faces. $$\chi = |V| - |E| + |F|$$.

Poisson reconstruction from surface points to mesh
Depending on how a shape is initialized or "birthed," the shape might exist only as a nebula of sampled points that represent its surface in space. To transform the surface points into a mesh, the Poisson reconstruction strategy can be employed. This method states that the indicator function, a function that determines which points in space belong to the surface of the shape, can actually be computed from the sampled points. The key concept is that gradient of the indicator function is 0 everywhere, except at the sampled points, where it is equal to the inward surface normal. More formally, suppose the collection of sampled points from the surface is denoted by $$S$$, each point in the space by $$p_i$$, and the corresponding normal at that point by $$n_i$$. Then the gradient of the indicator function is defined as:

$$\triangledown g = \begin{cases} \textbf{n}_i, & \forall p_i \in S \\ 0, & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}$$

The task of reconstruction then becomes a variational problem. To find the indicator function of the surface, we must find a function $$\chi$$ such that $$\lVert \triangledown \chi - \textbf{V} \rVert$$ is minimized, where $$\textbf{V}$$ is the vector field defined by the samples. As a variational problem, one can view the minimizer $$\chi $$as a solution of Poisson's equation. After obtaining a good approximation for $$\chi $$ and a value $$\sigma$$ for which the points $$(x,y,z)$$ with $$\chi(x,y,z)= \sigma$$ lie on the surface to be reconstructed, the marching cubes algorithm can be used to construct a triangle mesh from the function  $$\chi $$, which can then be applied in subsequent computer graphics applications.

Registration
One common problem encountered in geometry processing is how to merge multiple views of a single object captured from different angles or positions. This problem is known as registration. In registration, we wish to find an optimal rigid transformation that will align surface $$X$$ with surface $$Y$$. More formally, if $$P_Y(x)$$ is the projection of a point x from surface $$X$$ onto surface $$Y$$, we want to find the optimal rotation matrix $$R$$ and translation vector $$t$$ that minimize the following objective function:

$$\int_{x \in X}||Rx + t - P_Y(x)||^2 dx$$

While rotations are non-linear in general, small rotations can be linearized as skew-symmetric matrices. Moreover, the distance function $$x - P_Y(x)$$ is non-linear, but is amenable to linear approximations if the change in $$X$$ is small. An iterative solution such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) is therefore employed to solve for small transformations iteratively, instead of solving for the potentially large transformation in one go. In ICP, n random sample points from $$X$$ are chosen and projected onto $$Y$$. In order to sample points uniformly at random across the surface of the triangle mesh, the random sampling is broken into two stages: uniformly sampling points within a triangle; and non-uniformly sampling triangles, such that each triangle's associated probability is proportional to its surface area. Thereafter, the optimal transformation is calculated based on the difference between each $$x$$ and its projection. In the following iteration, the projections are calculated based on the result of applying the previous transformation on the samples. The process is repeated until convergence.

Smoothing
When shapes are defined or scanned, there may be accompanying noise, either to a signal acting upon the surface or to the actual surface geometry. Reducing noise on the former is known as data denoising, while noise reduction on the latter is known as surface fairing. The task of geometric smoothing is analogous to signal noise reduction, and consequently employs similar approaches.

The pertinent Lagrangian to be minimized is derived by recording the conformity to the initial signal $$\bar f$$ and the smoothness of the resulting signal, which approximated by the magnitude of the gradient with a weight $$\lambda$$:

$$\mathcal{L}(f) = \int_{\Omega}\|f - \bar f\|^2 + \lambda \|\nabla f\|^2 dx$$.

Taking a variation $$\delta f$$ on $$\mathcal{L}$$ emits the necessary condition

$$0 = \delta\mathcal{L}(f) = \int_{\Omega}\delta f(\mathbf{I} + \lambda \nabla^2) f - \delta f \bar f dx$$.

By discretizing this onto piecewise-constant elements with our signal on the vertices we obtain

$$ \begin{align} \sum_{i} M_i \delta f_i \bar f_i &= \sum_i M_i\delta f_i \sum_j (\mathbf{I} + \lambda \nabla^2) f_j =  \sum_i \delta f_i \sum_j (M + \lambda M\nabla^2) f_j, \end{align} $$where our choice of $$\nabla^2$$ is chosen to be $$M^{-1}\mathbf{L}$$ for the cotangent Laplacian $$\mathbf{L}$$ and the $$M^{-1}$$ term is to map the image of the Laplacian from areas to points. Because the variation is free, this results in a self-adjoint linear problem to solve with a parameter $$\lambda$$: $$ \bar f =(M + \lambda \mathbf{L}) f. $$ When working with triangle meshes one way to determine the values of the Laplacian matrix $$L$$ is through analyzing the geometry of connected triangles on the mesh.

$$ L_{ij} = \begin{cases} \frac{1}{2}(\cot(\alpha_{ij}) + \cot(\beta_{ij})) & \text{edge ij exists} \\ -\sum\limits_{i \neq j}L_{ij} & i = j \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} $$

Where $$\alpha_{ij}$$ and $$\beta_{ij}$$ are the angles opposite the edge $$(i,j)$$ The mass matrix M as an operator computes the local integral of a function's value and is often set for a mesh with m triangles as follows:

$$ M_{ij} = \begin{cases} \frac{1}{3}\sum\limits_{t=1}^m\begin{cases} Area(t) & \text{if triangle t contains vertex i} \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} & \text{if i=j} \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} $$

Parameterization
Occasionally, we need to flatten a 3D surface onto a flat plane. This process is known as parameterization. The goal is to find coordinates u and v onto which we can map the surface so that distortions are minimized. In this manner, parameterization can be seen as an optimization problem. One of the major applications of mesh parameterization is texture mapping.

Mass springs method
One way to measure the distortion accrued in the mapping process is to measure how much the length of the edges on the 2D mapping differs from their lengths in the original 3D surface. In more formal terms, the objective function can be written as:

$$\underset{U}{\text{min}} \sum_{ij \in E} ||u_i - u_j||^2$$

Where $$E$$ is the set of mesh edges and $$U$$ is the set of vertices. However, optimizing this objective function would result in a solution that maps all of the vertices to a single vertex in the uv-coordinates. Borrowing an idea from graph theory, we apply the Tutte Mapping and restrict the boundary vertices of the mesh onto a unit circle or other convex polygon. Doing so prevents the vertices from collapsing into a single vertex when the mapping is applied. The non-boundary vertices are then positioned at the barycentric interpolation of their neighbours. The Tutte Mapping, however, still suffers from severe distortions as it attempts to make the edge lengths equal, and hence does not correctly account for the triangle sizes on the actual surface mesh.

Least-squares conformal mappings
Another way to measure the distortion is to consider the variations on the u and v coordinate functions. The wobbliness and distortion apparent in the mass springs methods are due to high variations in the u and v coordinate functions. With this approach, the objective function becomes the Dirichlet energy on u and v:

$$\underset{u,v}{\text{min}} \int_S ||\nabla u||^2 + ||\nabla v||^2 dA$$

There are a few other things to consider. We would like to minimize the angle distortion to preserve orthogonality. That means we would like $$\nabla u = \nabla v^{\perp}$$. In addition, we would also like the mapping to have proportionally similar sized regions as the original. This results to setting the Jacobian of the u and v coordinate functions to 1.

$$\begin{bmatrix} \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial x} & \dfrac{\partial u}{\partial y}\\[1em] \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial x} & \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial y} \end{bmatrix} = 1$$

Putting these requirements together, we can augment the Dirichlet energy so that our objective function becomes:

$$\underset{u,v}{\text{min}} \int_S \frac{1}{2} ||\nabla u||^2 + \frac{1}{2} ||\nabla v||^2 - \nabla u \cdot \nabla v^{\perp} $$

To avoid the problem of having all the vertices mapped to a single point, we also require that the solution to the optimization problem must have a non-zero norm and that it is orthogonal to the trivial solution.

Deformation
Deformation is concerned with transforming some rest shape to a new shape. Typically, these transformations are continuous and do not alter the topology of the shape. Modern mesh-based shape deformation methods satisfy user deformation constraints at handles (selected vertices or regions on the mesh) and propagate these handle deformations to the rest of shape smoothly and without removing or distorting details. Some common forms of interactive deformations are point-based, skeleton-based, and cage-based. In point-based deformation, a user can apply transformations to small set of points, called handles, on the shape. Skeleton-based deformation defines a skeleton for the shape, which allows a user to move the bones and rotate the joints. Cage-based deformation requires a cage to be drawn around all or part of a shape so that, when the user manipulates points on the cage, the volume it encloses changes accordingly.

Point-based deformation
Handles provide a sparse set of constraints for the deformation: as the user moves one point, the others must stay in place.

A rest surface $$\hat{S}$$ immersed in $$\R^3$$ can be described with a mapping $$\hat{x} : \Omega \rightarrow \R^3$$, where $$\Omega$$ is a 2D parametric domain. The same can be done with another mapping $$x$$ for the transformed surface $$S$$. Ideally, the transformed shape adds as little distortion as possible to the original. One way to model this distortion is in terms of displacements $$d = x - \hat{x}$$ with a Laplacian-based energy. Applying the Laplace operator to these mappings allows us to measure how the position of a point changes relative to its neighborhood, which keeps the handles smooth. Thus, the energy we would like to minimize can be written as:

$$\min_{\textbf{d}} \int_{\Omega} || \Delta \textbf{d} ||^2 dA$$.

While this method is translation invariant, it is unable to account for rotations. The As-Rigid-As-Possible deformation scheme applies a rigid transformation $$x_i = R\hat{x_i} + t$$ to each handle i, where $$R \in SO(3) \subset \R^3$$ is a rotation matrix and $$t \in \R^3$$ is a translation vector. Unfortunately, there's no way to know the rotations in advance, so instead we pick a “best” rotation that minimizes displacements. To achieve local rotation invariance, however, requires a function $$\textbf{R} : \Omega \rightarrow SO(3)$$ which outputs the best rotation for every point on the surface. The resulting energy, then, must optimize over both $$\textbf{x}$$ and $$\textbf{R}$$:

$$\min_{\textbf{x,R} \in SO(3)} \int_{\Omega} || \nabla \textbf{x} - \textbf{R} \nabla \hat{\textbf{x}} ||^2 dA$$

Note that the translation vector is not present in the final objective function because translations have constant gradient.

Inside-Outside Segmentation
While seemingly trivial, in many cases, determining the inside from the outside of a triangle mesh is not an easy problem. In general, given a surface $$S$$ we pose this problem as determining a function $$isInside(q)$$ which will return $$1$$ if the point $$q$$ is inside $$S$$, and $$0$$ otherwise.

In the simplest case, the shape is closed. In this case, to determine if a point $$q$$ is inside or outside the surface, we can cast a ray $$r$$ in any direction from a query point, and count the number of times $$count_r$$ it passes through the surface. If $$q$$ was outside $$S$$ then the ray must either not pass through $$S$$ (in which case $$count_r = 0$$) or, each time it enters $$S$$ it must pass through twice, because S is bounded, so any ray entering it must exit. So if $$q$$ is outside, $$count_r$$ is even. Likewise if $$q$$ is inside, the same logic applies to the previous case, but the ray must intersect $$S$$ one extra time for the first time it leaves $$S$$. So:

$$ isInside_r(q) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & count_r \ is \ odd \\ 0 & count_r \ is \ even\\ \end{array} \right. $$

Now, oftentimes we cannot guarantee that the $$S$$ is closed. Take the pair of pants example from the top of this article. This mesh clearly has a semantic inside-and-outside, despite there being holes at the waist and the legs.

The naive attempt to solve this problem is to shoot many rays in random directions, and classify $$q$$ as being inside if and only if most of the rays intersected $$S$$ an odd number of times. To quantify this, let us say we cast $$k$$ rays, $$r_1,r_2,\dots,r_k$$. We associate a number $$rayTest(q) = \frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^{k} isInside_{r_i}(q)$$ which is the average value of $$isInside_r$$ from each ray. Therefore:

$$ isInside(q) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & rayTest(q) \geq 0.5 \\ 0 & rayTest(q) < 0.5\\ \end{array} \right. $$

In the limit of shooting many, many rays, this method handles open meshes, however it in order to become accurate, far too many rays are required for this method to be computationally ideal. Instead, a more robust approach is the Generalized Winding Number. Inspired by the 2D winding number, this approach uses the solid angle at $$q$$ of each triangle in the mesh to determine if $$q$$ is inside or outside. The value of the Generalized Winding Number at $$q$$, $$wn(q)$$ is proportional to the sum of the solid angle contribution from each triangle in the mesh:

$$wn(q) = \frac{1}{4\pi}\sum_{t \in F} solidAngle(t)$$

For a closed mesh, $$wn(q)$$ is equivalent to the characteristic function for the volume represented by $$S$$. Therefore, we say:

$$ isInside(q) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & wn(q) \geq 0.5 \\ 0 & wn(q) < 0.5 \\ \end{array} \right. $$

Because $$wn(q)$$ is a harmonic function, it degrades gracefully, meaning the inside-outside segmentation would not change much if we poked holes in a closed mesh. For this reason, the Generalized Winding Number handles open meshes robustly. The boundary between inside and outside smoothly passes over holes in the mesh. In fact, in the limit, the Generalized Winding Number is equivalent to the ray-casting method as the number of rays goes to infinity.

Applications

 * Computer-aided design (CAD)
 * 3D Surface Reconstruction, e.g. range scanners in airport security, autonomous vehicles, medical scanner data reconstruction
 * Image-to-world Registration, e.g. Image-guided surgery
 * Architecture, e.g. creating, reverse engineering
 * Physics simulations
 * Computer games e.g. collision detection
 * Geologic modelling
 * Visualization (graphics) e.g. Information visualizations, mathematical visualizations
 * Texture mapping
 * Modelling biological systems e.g. muscle and bone modelling, real-time hand tracking

title: Geometry processing


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1871–72 in English football

The 1871–72 season was the first season of competitive association football in England. The Football Association introduced their Football Association Challenge Cup (now better known as the FA Cup), a knockout tournament which is the world's oldest national-level football competition.

When the Football Association football was formed in 1863, the sport was played mainly by public schools, or teams with public school roots, and amateurism was the norm. This remained the case until the 1880s, when working-class teams began to vie for supremacy.

FA Cup
The competition began on 11 November 1871 when four matches were played. Fifteen clubs had entered but three of those withdrew so there were just twelve actual participants. They included the leading Scottish club, Queen's Park of Glasgow who reached the semi-final in which they drew 0–0 with the eventual winners Wanderers. A replay was required but Queen's Park could not afford the travel costs and withdrew. The other semi-final between Royal Engineers and the original Crystal Palace was also drawn and the Engineers won the replay 3–0. The first-ever final was won by Wanderers who defeated Royal Engineers 1–0 at Kennington Oval in south London. The goal was scored by Morton Betts after 15 minutes' play. Under the original rules of the competition, Wanderers automatically qualified for the next season's final to defend their trophy.

Representative matches
During the season, two matches between teams representing England and Scotland were played at the Kennington Oval. The first was on 18 November 1871 and England won 2–1 with both goals scored by Robert Walker in the first half. Scotland's scorer, near the end of the match, was Henry Renny-Tailyour. The second match was on 24 February 1872 and England won 1–0 with a goal by Charlie Clegg midway through the first half. The crowd was less than a thousand.

These matches are no longer recognised as full internationals because the Scotland team consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots based in the London area, so there were no Scottish residents or players from Scottish clubs. Nevertheless, the games were the forerunners of international football which began the following season when the first official match was played in Glasgow on 30 November 1872.

Honours
( Note: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up. )

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1871–72 in English football


text: User talk:71.116.169.45

title: User talk:71.116.169.45


text:
Category:Missions in Mexico

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title: Category:Missions in Mexico


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1931–32 in Scottish football

The 1931–32 season was the 59th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 42nd season of the Scottish Football League.

Scottish League Division One
Champions: Motherwell

Relegated: Dundee United, Leith Athletic

Scottish League Division Two
Promoted: East Stirlingshire, St. Johnstone

Scottish Cup
Rangers were winners of the Scottish Cup after a 3–0 replay win over Kilmarnock.

County
$$ – aggregate over two legs

Junior Cup
Glasgow Perthshire were winners of the Junior Cup after a 2–1 win over Kirkintilloch Rob Roy in the final.

Scotland national team
Key:
 * (H) = Home match
 * (A) = Away match
 * BHC = British Home Championship

title: 1931–32 in Scottish football


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Advanced Tactical Laser

The Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) program was a US military program to mount a high energy laser weapon on an aircraft, initially the AC-130 gunship, for use against ground targets in urban or other areas where minimizing collateral damage is important. The laser was a 100 kilowatt-class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). It was expected to have a tactical range of approximately twenty kilometres and weigh about 5,000–7,000 kg. This program is distinct from the Airborne Laser, which was a much larger system designed to destroy enemy missiles in the boost phase.

History
In 1996, the blue-beam air-to-ground tactical laser was test-fired from an AC-130 (AC-X Son of Spectre ) aircraft at the northern annex of the White Sands Proving Grounds near Fort Wingate, New Mexico. Raytheon was later awarded the contract to add the High Energy Microwave Weapon to the same platform where both systems would be operationally available for combat use at the same time.

In 2002, the Special Operations Command entered into a contract with the Boeing Company, specifically the Lasers and Electro-Optics Systems division in West Hills, CA, to produce a prototype laser system on a test aircraft. This effort was heavily supported by Boeing-SVS Inc. in Albuquerque, NM.

On January 18, 2006, the U.S. Air Force's 46th Test Wing supplied Boeing with a C-130H Hercules transport aircraft for use in the ATL program. Both the laser and the aircraft have undergone testing in the summer of 2006 culminating in the systems joint combined tests in 2007 with full-scale development afterward.

Boeing announced that on December 4, 2007 the installation of the laser on the C-130H Hercules was completed in preparation for further testing and a demonstration in 2008.

There has been some fear that an airborne laser system could be used to attack targets which would usually be considered 'off-limits', due to the weapon's 'plausible deniability'. Since no such weapon has ever been observed before, its effects would be hard to identify, meaning that there would rarely be conclusive proof of a laser strike. On August 13, 2008 Boeing announced the first test firing of the "high-energy chemical laser" mounted in a Hercules transport plane. The test firing was controlled via the ATL beam control system, which acquired a ground target and fired as "directed by ATL's battle management system." The ATL weighs 12,000 pounds (5,443 kg). Boeing said that the laser hit a 3 by 3 foot target at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.

According to a November 5, 2008 article there was a recent Air Force Scientific Advisory Board report stating "the Advanced Tactical Laser testbed has no operational utility." That does not mean it's not necessarily a good idea, but that it may need further development. The Air Force Research Laboratory continues to run tests and develop the platform. There is some discussion of converting to solid state lasers from the existing chemical lasers. Being much smaller and lighter, solid state lasers might be deployable on smaller platforms. The existing chemical laser platform is being used to develop more advanced control software and hardware and to reduce problems such as "jitter".

On June 18, 2009 it was announced that the ATL was successfully fired in flight for the first time. The system was fired from a 46th Test Wing NC-130H aircraft while flying over White Sands Missile Range, successfully hitting a target board on the ground.

On August 30, 2009, Boeing and the U.S. Air Force "defeated" a ground target from the air with the ATL aircraft.

The advanced tactical laser was discontinued after successful testing.

title: Advanced Tactical Laser


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File:Fameposter.jpg

summary
Fame original theatrical poster.

Fair use in Fame (film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Fameposter.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Here Is a Question

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:11, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Here Is a Question
Forumcruft, mostly. Doesn't even have a website. And the capitalization is wrong, too. Nifboy 21:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- agreed. CDC   (talk)  21:16, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. --PrologFan 21:28, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 01:15, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable forumcruft. JamesBurns 07:09, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Nancy Creek (Atlanta)

Nancy Creek is a 16.3 mi stream in northern Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It begins in far northern DeKalb County, just north of Chamblee, and flows southwestward into Fulton County, through the far southeast corner of Sandy Springs, then through the Buckhead area of Atlanta. It empties into Peachtree Creek, which then flows into the Chattahoochee River, south of Vinings and Paces. The Chattahoochee eventually joins with the Flint River to create the Apalachicola River, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico. The North Fork Nancy Creek is a major tributary, while Little Nancy Creek tends to run low or dry. Other tributaries include Bubbling Creek which originates in Chamblee, Perimeter Creek which originates in Dunwoody and Silver Creek which includes the 38-acre Silver Lake and Little Silver Lake.

Since 1994, Nancy Creek has had a USGS stream gauge in the Paces neighborhood of Atlanta at West Wesley Road (NANG1, 33.83833°N, -84.43944°W), with NWS flood stage being 12.0 ft at that point. The drainage basin above it is 37.7 sqmi. Since 2003, there is another gauge further upstream in Buckhead at Rickenbacker Drive (NCKG1, 33.86917°N, -84.37889°W). The basin at that point is 26.6 sqmi, above an elevation of 810 ft, with a flood stage of 11.0 ft. Records of manual observations actually go back to 1961 at both sites (which are considered to be "at Atlanta"), but the latter gauge (often called "at Buckhead" to avoid ambiguity) appears to be the officially-used one.

Flooding
Especially due to excessive urbanization, Nancy Creek often floods. Prior to September 2009, the most recent was in July 2005, with it reaching 12.9 ft after the outer rain bands of Hurricane Dennis passed by. This was just after Hurricane Cindy caused it to flood as well, though neither event was considered major.

Hurricane Ivan and Hurricane Frances caused record-high floods less than a year earlier in September 2004. Those massive rains caused a sewer pipe to collapse into the creek due to major erosion, spilling sewage into the creek. The creek reached 15.26 ft late on September 16, its second-highest ever. While this only lasted a few hours, several residents had to be rescued and evacuated by boat.

Some of the worst flooding ever recorded on Nancy Creek occurred in September 2009 as a result of the 2009 Atlanta floods. It severely damaged the bridge at Peachtree Dunwoody Road, washing out the main center support beam. The bridge was closed for six months until an entirely new two-lane replacement bridge reopened on March 23, 2010. The Emergency Repair Program of the Federal Highway Administration funded 100% of the $1 million cost.

On the evening of September 21, the creek reached 14.69 ft at Rickenbacker Drive, where it began to overflow the bridge. This falls in fourth place, behind the 1973 record of 15.50 ft set on December 1. It also reached 18.70 ft at West Wesley Road, in second place behind the 2004 flood, when it reached 21.34 ft on September 17.

Sport fish

 * Largemouth Bass
 * Micropterus salmoides
 * Spotted Bass
 * Micropterus punctulatus
 * Bluegill
 * Lepomis macrochirus
 * Redbreast Sunfish
 * Lepomis auritus
 * Green Sunfish
 * Lepomis cyanellus
 * Snail Bullhead
 * Ameiurus brunneus
 * Warmouth
 * Lepomis gulosus
 * Shadow bass
 * Ambloplites ariommus

Other fish

 * Creek Chub
 * Red Shiner
 * Silverjaw Shiner
 * White Sucker
 * Alabama Hog Sucker
 * Mosquitofish

Fishing
The best times of day and year for fishing in these areas are late spring to mid-fall in the afternoon to evening. During the winter, the fish of Nancy Creek are significantly less active due to the great drop in temperature of the water. Popular techniques for fishing in Nancy Creek include fly fishing, as well as fishing with a spinning outfit.

Toponymy
The origin of the name "Nancy Creek" is unclear. The name most likely honors a Native American Indian woman named Nancy.

Atlanta Constitution Wednesday January 31, 1883. "The widow of John L. Evans, late of this county, is living stout and hearty. She is now 85 years old.  She is the mother of 11 children, 57 grandchildren and 93 great grandchildren. Her maiden name was Nancy Baugh.  She was a sister of the late William Baugh of Gwinnett County and came to what later became Fulton County in 1818, and settled with her husband on Nancy Creek in this county when the Indians were here.  This creek was named for her.  Mrs. Evins, the mother of J.C. Evins of this city, is still living at the old homestead settled 65 years ago.  Who can beat that for an old inhabitant." *Nancy Evans died November 1883 and is buried in an unmarked grave in the cemetery of the church bearing her name. *Garrett's Necrology

title: Nancy Creek (Atlanta)


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User:Thoughts77

Wiki-tivities/Activities
Please see the following link(s) for my /Current Projects Or you know where to click if you want to see my thoughts on /Wikipedia Standards and Etiquette

Articles that I contributed significantly or importantly to in the past (outdated now):
 * Cindy Sheehan
 * Indie gaming
 * MegaMan Battle Network
 * MegaMan Battle Network 2
 * NetNavi
 * Nuklear Age
 * Petals around the rose solution

title: User:Thoughts77


text:
Dedworth

Dedworth is the most westerly area of Windsor in Berkshire, England.

Toponomy
The name Dedworth is formed from the words 'Dydda', a man's name, and 'Worth', a Saxon word for enclosure.

History
An irregular quadrangula moat in Wolf Lane may be all that remains of the manor house of Dedworth Maunsell. The other manor in the area was Dedworth Loring, owned by the De Loring family from the time of Peter De Loring, in the early 13th century. It was possibly located to the north, where a large medieval hearth has been uncovered in the aptly named Knight's Close. Dedworth was one of three Saxon villages (the other two being Clewer and Losfield) that Windsor expanded to encompass. Dedworth predates Windsor and is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Dideorde.

Geography
Dedworth is mostly a housing estate made up of 1950-1980s style semi-detached houses. Dedworth has a local nature reserve called Sutherland Grange The parish church of All Saints is the work of G. F. Bodley (1863). It has stained glass windows by Edward Burne-Jones, William Morris, Ford Madox Brown and D. G. Rossetti (1863–87). Dedworth has a number of shops: The Co-operative, Boots Pharmacy, Tesco, Model Shop and many others.

title: Dedworth


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Franky Vercauteren

François Vercauteren (born 28 October 1956), nicknamed "The Little Prince", is a Belgian former footballer who played as a left winger. He is currently the sports director of the Royal Belgian Football Association.

Club career
Vercauteren made his first team debut for Anderlecht in 1975 against Racing Mechelen, replacing Gilbert Van Binst. A double surgery in October 1975 and January 1976, however, later slowed down his development. Vercauteren won the five European titles with Anderlecht (two European Cup Winners' Cups, one UEFA Cup and two European Supercups). He also won two Belgian Cups, four Belgian Championship titles and won the Belgian Supercup twice. In 1987, he joined Nantes in France and came back to Belgium three years later to play with Molenbeek until 1993. While at Nantes, Vercauteren finished twice the championship with the most assists.

International career
Vercauteren played 63 times with the Belgium national team. He was part of the squad that finished fourth at the 1986 FIFA World Cup, and also featured in the 1982 World Cup and at UEFA Euro 1984. Though he made his national team debut on 16 November 1977 (a 3–0 defeat to Northern Ireland national football team), he was not selected for the Euro 1980, where Belgium finished runner-up to West Germany.

Coaching career
At the end of his playing career, Vercauteren became the trainer of the youth team from C.S. Braine, a small club in Walloon Brabant. A year after, he moved to KV Mechelen, where he first trained the youth team, then the first team, beginning in 1997–98. At the end of this season, he signed as an assistant manager at his first club as a player, Anderlecht. He was briefly named manager along with his fellow Jean Dockx in the 1998–99 season after a disappointing start by manager Arie Haan (Anderlecht fell to the 18th and last place in the beginning of the season). The two men secured among others a nice 0–6 win at Sclessin against old rival Standard Liège and a 2–5 win at Genk, to come back in the European places.

Anderlecht then hired Aimé Anthuenis as a manager, and Vercauteren became assistant once again. After coach Hugo Broos (the successor of Anthuenis) was dismissed in February 2005, Vercauteren signed as the new manager and won twice the Belgian Championship. On 12 November 2007, after a string of poor and indifferent results, Vercauteren and Anderlecht parted company, with assistant coach Ariel Jacobs taking over until the end of the season.

From 9 April 2009 to 10 September 2009, Vercauteren served as caretaker manager for the Belgium national team, resigning after Belgium's defeat to Armenia on 9 September 2009; he was replaced by the Dutchman Dick Advocaat. On 3 December 2009, Vercauteren signed a contract as head coach for Genk. On 17 May 2011, he celebrated winning the 2010–11 Belgian Pro League championship with Genk after a 1–1 home draw against Standard Liège. He also won the 2011 Belgian Super Cup over Standard, and led his club into the qualifying play-off for the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League.

On 8 August 2011, Vercauteren signed a contract as head coach of Emirati side Al Jazira Club. On 11 March 2012, Al Jazira announced that they had parted company with Vercauteren. They stated the reason behind the controversial exit of Vercauteren was because he was not getting on with the players. On the same day, he was replaced by Caio Júnior.

Vercauteren joined Sporting CP in November 2012, but was sacked after two months, with the club winning just two games during his tenure.

Vercauteren then took over Russian club Krylia Sovetov Samara in the summer of 2014 following the club's relegation from the Russian Premier League. Krylia had spent every one of its 22 previous seasons on the top level. Under Vercauteren's management, Krylia Sovetov won the 2014–15 Russian Football National League and were promoted back to the Premier League.

In 2018, Vercauteren won promotion to the Belgian First Division A with his club Cercle Brugge. He then signed a contract with Saudi club Al-Batin.

On 3 October 2019, Vercauteren rejoined Anderlecht. On 17 August 2020, Vercauteren left the club after Anderlecht player Vincent Kompany decided to end his playing career and become a trainer.

The RBFA announced the appointment of Vercauteren as sports director on 8 February 2023.

Player
Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87
 * Belgian Cup: 1975–76
 * Belgian Supercup: 1985, 1987
 * European Cup Winners' Cup: 1975–76, 1977–78; runners-up 1976–77
 * European Super Cup: 1976, 1978
 * UEFA Cup: 1982–83; runners-up 1983–84
 * Amsterdam Tournament: 1976
 * Tournoi de Paris: 1977
 * Jules Pappaert Cup: 1977, 1983, 1985
 * Belgian Sports Merit Award: 1978
 * Bruges Matins: 1985

Belgium
 * FIFA World Cup: 1986 (fourth place)

Manager
Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 2005–06, 2006–07
 * Belgian Supercup: 2006, 2007

Genk
 * Belgian First Division: 2010–11
 * Belgian Supercup: 2011

Krylia Sovetov
 * National Football League: 2014–15

Cercle Brugge
 * Promotion to Belgian First Division A: 2017–18

Individual

 * Belgian Golden Shoe: 1983
 * Ballon d'Or nomination: 1983
 * Belgian Professional Manager of the Year: 2010–11
 * Meritorious resident of Dilbeek: 2011

title: Franky Vercauteren


text: User talk:81.135.160.27

title: User talk:81.135.160.27


text:
Parade (Prince album)

Parade is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Prince, and the third and final album where the Revolution is billed. It also was the soundtrack album to the 1986 film Under the Cherry Moon, directed by and starring Prince. It was released on March 31, 1986 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. Records.

Parade eschews the guitar and rock elements of Prince's 1984 album Purple Rain in favor of the psychedelic pop style he explored on Around the World in a Day (1985), austerely produced funk, and soundtrack compositions. After the critical disappointment of his 1985 album Around the World in a Day, Parade was released to acclaim from music critics. "Kiss" reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Parade was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in June 1986.

Parade was named one of the best albums of 1986 by The Village Voice and NME magazine, who named it their Album of the Year.

Background
Parade was the follow-up to Around the World in a Day and the soundtrack to Prince's second film. The album sees Prince further diversifying musically, adding orchestrations to his music. Prince also displayed a new image with Parade: his trademark ruffled shirts, wild curly hair, and purple outfits, which defined his look from 1981's Controversy to 1985's Around the World in a Day, were replaced by slicked-back hair and dress suits. The first single, "Kiss", was a number-one hit, and the album as a whole was well received in the United States. Europe further embraced the album, and for the first time in Prince's career European album sales eclipsed those in the United States. While Parade was the last official release with the Revolution, a follow-up called Dream Factory was recorded. Its release was canceled when Prince disbanded the group.

Music and lyrics
Parade eschews the guitar and rock elements of Prince's 1984 album Purple Rain in favor of the neo-psychedelic style he explored on Around the World in a Day (1985), austerely produced funk, and soundtrack compositions. According to Blender magazine's Keith Harris, Parade "makes a pop cavalcade out of the same psychedelic affectations" of Around the World in a Day. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice viewed it as a modern "fusion of Freshs foundation and Sgt. Peppers filigrees", with songs he described as baroque pop creations. According to PopMatters editor Quentin B. Huff, "Parade doesn't sound like anything else in the Prince canon. The album is a blend of jazz, soul, and a certain French undercurrent, probably absorbed from the film being set in France."

Parade is bookended by two songs—"Christopher Tracy's Parade" and "Sometimes It Snows in April"—that reference Christopher Tracy, the protagonist from Under the Cherry Moon. The latter song is an acoustic ballad with chromatic choruses and sentimental lyrics bidding farewell to Tracy. Christgau wrote that the album's lyrics suggest that Prince sings as Tracy, although he cannot be certain. Parade also features some French lyrics and chanson arrangements, which refer to the film's French setting.

Release and reception
Parade was released on March 31, 1986 to acclaim from music critics, who viewed it as a creative comeback after the critical disappointment of Around the World in a Day. In a contemporary review for The New York Times, John Rockwell said that the album succeeds in part because of the more aggressive songs, "in which Prince chooses to play up the black side of his multifaceted musical sensibility." The Sunday Times found its musical scope "stunning", and the Detroit Free Press called the album "a confirmation of Prince's place as a superior melodist, arranger, and player, as well as a celebration of his creativity." Hi-Fi News & Record Review called songs such as "New Position" and "Girls and Boys" well-crafted funk and said that "when Prince opts to go completely daft, as he does on 'Do U Lie'... even then the result is somehow endearing and instantly likeable."

Commercially, Parade charted at number 3 on the pop chart and at number 2 on the R&B chart, while selling 1 million copies in the United States, where Prince's sales had decreased. However it garnered him a new commercial audience in Europe and sold 2 million copies internationally. The album finished 25th in the voting for The Village Voice's annual Pazz & Jop critics poll. Christgau, the poll's creator, ranked it as the 33rd best album of the year on his own list. NME magazine named it their album of the year for 1986.

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine viewed Parade as a musically diverse near-masterpiece that is given depth by Prince's "weird religious and sexual metaphors". Simon Price later wrote in The Guardian that it was "the sound of Prince at his most effortless and assured. Cohesive and ice cream-cool, nobody would guess it was a soundtrack for a (sub-par) film. And it has 'Kiss' on it." In a less enthusiastic review for Entertainment Weekly, David Browne said the record's ornate ballads and inconsistent material made it more self-indulgent than Around the World in a Day. According to Mosi Reeves of Rhapsody, Prince's die-hard fans viewed the album as a charming mix of funk, jazz, and pop rock styles, but some detractors felt that its music was overblown. Reeves himself said that "this stylistic departure is an anomaly". In rapper Chuck D's opinion, Prince "turned off a lot of the black followers [with the album]. I couldn't understand that. People don't want artists to endlessly repeat themselves, yet they can't tolerate change either. Prince changes all the time, always working on the public's imagination, always trying to keep ahead of them."

Personnel

 * Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, 12-string acoustic guitar, Roland G-707 electric guitar, Roland GR-700 guitar synthesizer, piano, Fairlight CMI, Kurzweil K250, Yamaha DX7, Oberheim OB-8, Oberheim OB-Xa, Oberheim OB-SX, bass guitar, drums, Linn LM-1, finger cymbals
 * Lisa Coleman – backing vocals (1-3, 5, 6, 8, 12), synthesizers (5, 8), piano (12)
 * Wendy Melvoin – lead (3) and backing vocals (1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 12), electric guitar (5, 8), acoustic guitar (12)
 * Doctor Fink – synthesizers (5, 8)
 * Brown Mark – bass guitar (5, 8)
 * Bobby Z. – Simmons SDS-V and Linn LM-1 (5, 8)
 * Sheila E. – backing vocals (5), cowbells (6), drums (7)

 * Eric Leeds – saxophone (5, 8)
 * Atlanta Bliss – trumpet (5, 8)
 * Miko Weaver – electric rhythm guitar (8)
 * Jonathan Melvoin – drums (9)
 * Chuck Domanico – upright bass
 * Susannah Melvoin – backing vocals (1, 5, 11)
 * Marie France – vocals (5)
 * Sandra Francisco – vocals (9)
 * Tony Christian (of Mazarati) – backing vocals (10)
 * Marr Star (of Mazarati) – backing vocals (10)
 * David Z. – Linn LM-1 (10), Linn 9000 (10), Yamaha DX7 (10), acoustic guitar (10)
 * Clare Fischer – orchestral arrangements
 * Bill Watrous – trombone

title: Parade (Prince album)


text:
Talk:History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

start
I have posted an entirely new text for the Muslim Brotherhood and Hassan al Banna articles, as well as several new articles:

 * History the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928-1938)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939-1954)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

This amounts to over 12,000 words of text, and is the result of months of research, discussed in Talk:Muslim_Brotherhood, using reputable scholarly texts found at the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Every paragraph in the main articles is marked with page-number references to the work it is based on.

I am not an expert on this subject, and nothing in these articles is original; I have simply summarised the material in the sources listed. Some of the sources are more favourable to the Muslim Brotherhood; others are more critical. By attempting to represent accurately the accounts given in these sources, I hope to have produced a set of articles that members of the Brotherhood, as well as well-informed critics of the organisation, could see as fair and balanced. However, these articles may well contain errors; if you believe that anything in the text is inaccurate, please correct it, referencing your sources, and leave a note here about the change.

If you are new to this subject, as I was when I began this process, please be aware that a great deal of misinformation can be found on the Internet, and in the press, about the Muslim Brotherhood. In order to keep these articles reliable and neutral, I suggest that, as far as possible, like my humble contributions, all contributions should be based on reputable academic texts by specialists in the field; journalistic sources should only be used for current events, and only if they appear in major national or international news outlets, preferably when the same information is reported by several sources. It is my hope that this policy will enable Wikipedia to be a more reliable source of information about the Muslim Brotherhood than much of what can be found on the Internet.

A few words about my own motivations for doing this: I am not a Muslim, but I respect Islam and I am opposed to imperialism. Although I am certainly not very knowledgeable about Islam, it seems to me that Western misunderstandings about Islam and the Muslim world are contributing to tragic conflicts, and that people need knowledge and understanding of one another in order to live in harmony. I hope that Wikipedia can be a small contribution to that goal, and that people who know more about this subject than I do will improve on this work.

--Beroul 21:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

This is excellent work Beroul. I wanted to remark that the sentence in the final paragraph about the student movements being independent from the Brotherhood is not enitrely true. As one who has been to college in Egypt, I know that the heads of the student groups in college were often junior members in the Brotherhood and at times, directions came from above with regards to what to do. One obvious example is when the government would actually declare 90% of their candidates for student offices as illegitimate just a day before the student body elections. They would go to court and get a temporary order to delay the elections or reinstate their candidates and so forth. This is not something your average 20 year old knows how to do.

--Karlosian 07:29, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Many thanks for your encouragement and help, Karlosian. Your observations of student groups are interesting; unfortunately we can't use them as such, since original research isn't allowed on Wikipedia.  Do you know of any academic texts that deal with this?  About your edit regarding the secret apparatus, I'm not sure I understand: do you mean that the existence of the secret apparatus hasn't been proven, or that it hasn't been proven that Banna accepted the creation of the secret apparatus?  (Or that he accepted it reluctantly?)  Can you elaborate on what's doubtful here, and point me to academic sources where I can learn more?  About the attempted assassination of Nasser, I'm not sure what we should say here in the summary.  In the main article, I've mentioned the idea that Nasser may have had his assassination attempt staged.  Do you think we should mention this point in the summary?  The wording you added, "was named as the perpetrator", seems too vague to me: named by whom?  Also, he wasn't just named, he was hanged as well.  I've changed this to "convicted of an assassination attempt", but I'm not sure this is the best wording.  What do you think? --Beroul 12:17, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I was referring to how well Hassan Al-Banna knew of the Secret Aparatus and how much was his idea vs how much he was "forced" into. I have read (in Arabic) opinions from all sides of the debate. Those who absolve him from ever founding such a device and those who see him as a pragmatic leader not above doing such a thing and neither side provide documented proof that he knew of it or that he did not approve of it. I'll see what I can find.
 * With regards to the assassination attempt, try something like "accused by authorities." Basically, just point out that it was the official accusation, not necessarily the opinion of historians. --Karlosian 11:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification; I've changed the wording on the assassination attempt to "accused by the authorities", and tried to clarify the wording about the creation of the secret apparatus so it reflects these doubts. It would be great if you could add references to studies in Arabic.  Unfortunately my Arabic isn't yet good enough to enable me to read them myself. --Beroul 12:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

I've removed the following:
 * Anwar al-Sadat was later assasinated by four members of the Brotherhood. FAS

First, because it's a web source, and web sources are not reliable as far as controversial subjects are concerned. Second, because it's incorrect; according to reputable printed academic texts such as Gilles Kepel's The Prophet and Pharaoh (ISBN 0520239342), Sadat was assassinated by the group Al-Jihad. --Beroul 08:55, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Divisions within the Brotherhood
I've been trying to learn about the history of the Muslim Brotherhood in light of the ongoing popular revolt in Egypt and the likelihood that the MB will be part of whatever post-Mubarak government emerges from the present chaos. One useful source I found was this article from Infantry magazine, which appears to be affiliated with the US Army. In it, Youssef Aboul-Enein (then a Lt. Cmdr. in the US Navy, but subsequently promoted) surveys the work of Egyptian Gen. Fuad Alam, whom Aboul-Enein describes as having "spent over three decades investigating Islamic militants, rising to Chief of Religious (Militant) Affairs in Egypt's Interior Ministry, the section of national security investigations." One key element in Aboul-Enein's survey, which is only partly reflected in Wikipedia's articles, is his explanation of the divisions within the Brotherhood after the 1954 assassination attempt on Nasser: After the failed assassination of Nasser in 1954, the Egyptian strongman bore down on the Muslim Brotherhood. Many fled to Saudi Arabia and the Gulf and would later reemerge in the 1970s, but those who stayed in Egypt saw the Islamist organization split into three elements. The most violent, the Qutbists named after Sayed Qutb would form an ideological foundation of today's Islamic militants. The following is the breakdown of the three main factions:

 * Al-Banaeeun (The Bannaists): Named after Hassan Al-Banna, the original founders of the Muslim Brotherhood. They advocated the status-quo and social work as a means of attracting Egyptians to their ranks.

 * Al-Hudaibeeun (The Hudaybeeists): Named after the Supreme Guide of the brotherhood during Nasser and Sadat's period, Hassan Al-Hudaibee. They espoused a new vision of working within the framework of Egypt's constitution and government system to gain power in parliament, unions and guilds as well as within the universities and schools.

 * Al-Qutbeeun (The Qutbists): The new young faction of the Muslim Brotherhood who preached that the Egyptian regime was in an anti-Islamic state of jahiliyah and that waging jihad on the state was the only means of cleansing Egypt of sin. They were stimulated by the writings of Sayid Qutb and held up his book Maalim (Guideposts) as the strategy the Muslim Brotherhood must adopt. Based on various Internet sources I've read during the past week, my impression is that, contra the fearmongering of some American commentators, the modern Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt draws predominantly from the Bannaist and Hudaybeeist strands, and not from the Qutbists (who are, of course, the intellectual ancestors of al-Qaeda).

Since I'm just a layman trying to get a better understanding of current events, I don't feel certain enough about the objectivity and accuracy of this source to incorporate it here or at History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present). But I will offer up this material so that more expert contributors can evaluate it and incorporate it if appropriate. —Josiah Rowe (talk • contribs) 16:31, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Rename article
With post-revolutionary elections coming up and recent legalization, I am going to expand the article and change the name to Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. -BoogaLouie (talk) 22:11, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Closed. The proposed article was created. Vegaswikian (talk) 18:26, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt → Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt – Muslim Brotherhood is now legal in Egypt thanks to the 2011 Revolution and so its current political activity is much more relevent. Group is considered the best or second best organized political group in Egypt and a major political player in that country. In short the Egyptian Brotherhood deserves its own article of which the Brotherhood's history can be a section or if necessary forked off again. (There are already History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present) and History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939–1954) and History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–1938) articles so that might not be necessary!) BoogaLouie (talk) 18:58, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment. Why can't there also be a general "History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt" article that summarizes the different Muslim Brotherhood history articles? Quigley (talk) 19:39, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The impetus for the nomination is spot on.  There needs to be a free-standing article on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (the current Muslim Brotherhood is obviously too wide in scope for this purpose.  However, the current History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt article is almost exclusively about just that, the history.  Leave this article title alone and  create a new article at Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt or something similar.  —  AjaxSmack   13:51, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Well I disagree (As I say if you like history articles there are already these two articles: History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present) and History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939–1954)), but it looks like I'm outnumbered, so a separate Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt article it is. --BoogaLouie (talk) 14:12, 7 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Splintering in the Muslim Brotherhood
I have seen it mentioned in the news, but not here. I have some information, but am not the best writer. A section needs to be added about this. Lionheart Omega (talk) 00:57, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

update
pasted a big chunk from MB in Egypt article. Plan to trim parts of MB in Egypt that I have pasted here. --BoogaLouie (talk) 21:50, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Orphaned references in History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Trager": From Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt): Foreign Affairs magazine, September October 2011, "The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood", by Eric Trager, pp. 114–222 (full text not available for free on internet) From Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: Eric Trager, "The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood", Foreign Affairs, September October 2011, p. 114–222. (full text not available for free on internet)

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:09, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

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text:
Globus

Globus is Latin for sphere or globe. It may also refer to:

Science and technology

 * Globus pallidus, a sub-cortical structure in the brain
 * Globus pharyngis (also globus sensation or globus hystericus), a feeling of a lump at the back of the throat
 * GLOBUS, a radar system in Norway
 * Voskhod Spacecraft "Globus" IMP navigation instrument

Business

 * Globus Medical, a medical device company in Audubon, PA
 * Globus (clothing retailer), an Indian clothing retail store
 * Globus (company), a Swiss department store chain
 * Globus (hypermarket), a hypermarket chain in Germany, the Czech Republic and Russia

Transportation

 * Tata Globus, a range of buses by Tata Motors
 * Globus Airlines, a Russian airline
 * Globus family of brands, a group of travel package companies

Media

 * Globus (weekly), a political magazine published in Croatia
 * Globus (Macedonian magazine)

People

 * Amy Globus, American artist and entrepreneur
 * Globus, nickname of Odilo Globocnik, a World War II Nazi and SS leader
 * Solomon Globus (born 1856), Lithuanian chess master
 * Stephen Globus, New York City venture capitalist
 * Yoram Globus (born 1941), Israeli film producer

Other uses

 * Globus (music), a movie trailer music-inspired band
 * Globus cruciger, an orb topped with a cross, a Christian symbol
 * Globus Institute for Globalisation and Sustainable Development at Tilburg University, the Netherlands

title: Globus


text:
Talk:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

I just finished reading this article. For the most part the events were true. However, there is always two sides to every story.

Examples:

1-The changing of the constitution to omit the "Muslim" requirement. The constitution was written by France before it gave Syria its independent, so it is ironic that an occupier can write a constitution that can not be modified. Furthur more, on what base a president must be a Muslim. In a democratic sociaty, as The Muslim Brothergood wanted to have, everyone should be equal that include Muslim & others including Christian as well.

2- Riyad Al-turk is the leaser of the comunist party, it would nice to mention that since that is on the opposite side of the Muslim Brotherhood.

3- The Alawit took over syria by default and by the fault of others. Just before France left Syria, the Alawit were forced to join the armey due to the lack of jobs & money in their towns. On the other hand the Muslim & Christian were better off and stayed as far as they can from going to the armey.

4- The System, which was from start and still is, being supported by most Alawit, most Christian, Most Druze, and many Muslim Buisness people who not mind letting an Alwait run the show as long as their business is good. Those Muslim control the business sector in the big cities and contributed to Assad power. If thoses business people did not support Hafez, he would have never lasted. the richest people in Syria are Muslims, but you dont hear about them because they are behind the sceen.

5- The system was never ethiest, they actually put many of the ethiest/ communist in jail. Ryad Al-Turk is one of them. The system used the phrase: "God is yours but the country is for all".

6- It is easy to write an posting based on articls written in news papers, but the fact on the ground is different. I lived thru the terror of the 70 & early 80. The system was not perfect at all, but the Muslim Brotherhood were no angels as well. They killed many innocent people in the name of God or to try to make Syria a true Muslim country.

I would rather have anything but a system like Iran in Syria.

Pumprite (talk) 00:18, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

I have posted an entirely new text for the Muslim Brotherhood and Hassan al Banna articles, as well as several new articles:

 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928-1938)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939-1954)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

This amounts to over 12,000 words of text, and is the result of months of research, discussed in Talk:Muslim_Brotherhood, using reputable scholarly texts found at the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Every paragraph in the main articles is marked with page-number references to the work it is based on.

I am not an expert on this subject, and nothing in these articles is original; I have simply summarised the material in the sources listed. Some of the sources are more favourable to the Muslim Brotherhood; others are more critical. By attempting to represent accurately the accounts given in these sources, I hope to have produced a set of articles that members of the Brotherhood, as well as well-informed critics of the organisation, could see as fair and balanced. However, these articles may well contain errors; if you believe that anything in the text is inaccurate, please correct it, referencing your sources, and leave a note here about the change.

If you are new to this subject, as I was when I began this process, please be aware that a great deal of misinformation can be found on the Internet, and in the press, about the Muslim Brotherhood. In order to keep these articles reliable and neutral, I suggest that, as far as possible, like my humble contributions, all contributions should be based on reputable academic texts by specialists in the field; journalistic sources should only be used for current events, and only if they appear in major national or international news outlets, preferably when the same information is reported by several sources. It is my hope that this policy will enable Wikipedia to be a more reliable source of information about the Muslim Brotherhood than much of what can be found on the Internet.

A few words about my own motivations for doing this: I am not a Muslim, but I respect Islam and I am opposed to imperialism. Although I am certainly not very knowledgeable about Islam, it seems to me that Western misunderstandings about Islam and the Muslim world are contributing to tragic conflicts, and that people need knowledge and understanding of one another in order to live in harmony. I hope that Wikipedia can be a small contribution to that goal, and that people who know more about this subject than I do will improve on this work.

--Beroul 21:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Citation style
I recently changed all citations from Harvard referencing to footnote, because those seem to be the most commonly used now. If anyone objects feel free to revert my edits. Joshdboz 14:53, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Name change
There doesn't seem to be an actual page for the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, I think this entry could easily serve with just a rename and an update for recent years. Pmolloy291 (talk) 04:49, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

2012 rewriting
Have been updating the article and would like to explain that the use of somewhat mealy-mouth expressions like "has been described as" and  "has also been called" is because of all the controversy surrounding the MB. I want to give a total NPOV feel to  the article. --BoogaLouie (talk) 15:49, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

Muslim Brotherhood's changing attitudes towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Muslim brotherhood was originally pro Iranian Revolution. They turned against Iran and Shia after Iran allied with Assad and did not help the muslim brothers in their revolution.

http://books.google.com/books?id=ty-dtRMRd18C&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=q0J0nJktlWIC&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=C3PnfXn7_qMC&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=jXzCuTso_-wC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=-2jCN5Ur6yUC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=QeVs-4lWeUIC&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_bKHEMDQ16wC&pg=PA413#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=Uifbj-x82ngC&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=bjOra4wwHcwC&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rajmaan (talk) 23:28, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

Iraq and Syria
Why would MBrotherhood attack 1979 with help of Iraqi government? Those governments are and were friends — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.4.218.126 (talk) 15:22, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria


text:
Talk:History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–1938)

Untitled
I have posted an entirely new text for the Muslim Brotherhood and Hassan al Banna articles, as well as several new articles:

 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928-1938)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939-1954)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

This amounts to over 12,000 words of text, and is the result of months of research, discussed in Talk:Muslim_Brotherhood, using reputable scholarly texts found at the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Every paragraph in the main articles is marked with page-number references to the work it is based on.

I am not an expert on this subject, and nothing in these articles is original; I have simply summarised the material in the sources listed. Some of the sources are more favourable to the Muslim Brotherhood; others are more critical. By attempting to represent accurately the accounts given in these sources, I hope to have produced a set of articles that members of the Brotherhood, as well as well-informed critics of the organisation, could see as fair and balanced. However, these articles may well contain errors; if you believe that anything in the text is inaccurate, please correct it, referencing your sources, and leave a note here about the change.

If you are new to this subject, as I was when I began this process, please be aware that a great deal of misinformation can be found on the Internet, and in the press, about the Muslim Brotherhood. In order to keep these articles reliable and neutral, I suggest that, as far as possible, like my humble contributions, all contributions should be based on reputable academic texts by specialists in the field; journalistic sources should only be used for current events, and only if they appear in major national or international news outlets, preferably when the same information is reported by several sources. It is my hope that this policy will enable Wikipedia to be a more reliable source of information about the Muslim Brotherhood than much of what can be found on the Internet.

A few words about my own motivations for doing this: I am not a Muslim, but I respect Islam and I am opposed to imperialism. Although I am certainly not very knowledgeable about Islam, it seems to me that Western misunderstandings about Islam and the Muslim world are contributing to tragic conflicts, and that people need knowledge and understanding of one another in order to live in harmony. I hope that Wikipedia can be a small contribution to that goal, and that people who know more about this subject than I do will improve on this work.

--Beroul 21:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
I have removed the cleanup tag from this article, for two reasons. Firstly, I think the article is pretty good - unusually well referenced for a wikipedia article! Secondly, whoever added the cleanup tag did not provide a rationale, and no criticism of the article is present in the discussion. I am more than happy for someone to decide to reinstate the cleanup tag, but only with an explanation of why the tag is there, and what they think needs changing. Saluton (talk) 03:18, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

single source
Pretty well written, but it avoids all the controversial topics (the Battalions al-Banna organized, the shootings and bombings they are accused of, etc etc., and the affiliation with the Palestinian mufti and praise of his violent methods). Essentially, this is a single source paper, based almost entirely on the Norwegian scholar, Lia, who is an admitted apologist for al-Ikhwan. So it's not really an encyclopedia article on the Brotherhood so much as a lengthy summary of its principal source; more needs to be done to see the organization from other sides, to include a few critics. And based on this article, you would never guess that the Brotherhood would start assassinating people a few years later; and that turn can only be explicable in the context of a much earlier commitment to violence to support its views.Theonemacduff (talk) 04:57, 21 October 2014 (UTC)


text:
User talk:207.62.206.195

November 2013
Hello, I'm Some jerk on the Internet. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Charlie Wilson's War because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. The reverted edit can be found [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=580480776 here]. --some jerk on the Internet   (talk)  17:55, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

Recent edit to Loyola College Prep
Welcome, and thank you for your attempt to lighten up Wikipedia. However, this is an encyclopedia and the articles are intended to be serious, so please don't make joke edits as you did to Loyola College Prep. Readers looking for accurate information will not find them amusing. If you'd like to experiment with editing, try the sandbox, where you are given a good deal of freedom in what you write. Thank you! SantiLak (talk) 01:43, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

Recent edit to Articulate
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed that you removed some content from Articulate without explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry; I restored the removed content. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you! JeremiahY (talk) 08:41, 3 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.62.206.195


text:
Fosmidomycin

Fosmidomycin is an antibiotic that was originally isolated from culture broths of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. It specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase, a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. It is a structural analogue of 2-C-methyl-D-erythrose 4-phosphate. It inhibits the E. coli enzyme with a KI value of 38 nM (4), MTB at 80 nM, and the Francisella enzyme at 99 nM. Several mutations in the E. coli DXP reductoisomerase were found to confer resistance to fosmidomycin.

Use in malaria
The discovery of the non-mevalonate pathway in malaria parasites has indicated the use of fosmidomycin and other such inhibitors as antimalarial drugs. Indeed, fosmidomycin has been tested in combination treatment with clindamycin for treatment of malaria with favorable results. It has been shown that an increase in copy number of the target enzyme (DXP reductoisomerase) correlates with in vitro fosmidomycin resistance in the lethal malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.

title: Fosmidomycin


text:
Talk:History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954–present)

Untitled
I have posted an entirely new text for the Muslim Brotherhood and Hassan al Banna articles, as well as several new articles:

 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928-1938)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939-1954)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

This amounts to over 12,000 words of text, and is the result of months of research, discussed in Talk:Muslim_Brotherhood, using reputable scholarly texts found at the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Every paragraph in the main articles is marked with page-number references to the work it is based on.

I am not an expert on this subject, and nothing in these articles is original; I have simply summarised the material in the sources listed. Some of the sources are more favourable to the Muslim Brotherhood; others are more critical. By attempting to represent accurately the accounts given in these sources, I hope to have produced a set of articles that members of the Brotherhood, as well as well-informed critics of the organisation, could see as fair and balanced. However, these articles may well contain errors; if you believe that anything in the text is inaccurate, please correct it, referencing your sources, and leave a note here about the change.

If you are new to this subject, as I was when I began this process, please be aware that a great deal of misinformation can be found on the Internet, and in the press, about the Muslim Brotherhood. In order to keep these articles reliable and neutral, I suggest that, as far as possible, like my humble contributions, all contributions should be based on reputable academic texts by specialists in the field; journalistic sources should only be used for current events, and only if they appear in major national or international news outlets, preferably when the same information is reported by several sources. It is my hope that this policy will enable Wikipedia to be a more reliable source of information about the Muslim Brotherhood than much of what can be found on the Internet.

A few words about my own motivations for doing this: I am not a Muslim, but I respect Islam and I am opposed to imperialism. Although I am certainly not very knowledgeable about Islam, it seems to me that Western misunderstandings about Islam and the Muslim world are contributing to tragic conflicts, and that people need knowledge and understanding of one another in order to live in harmony. I hope that Wikipedia can be a small contribution to that goal, and that people who know more about this subject than I do will improve on this work.

--Beroul 21:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Talk:History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939–1954)

I have posted an entirely new text for the Muslim Brotherhood and Hassan al Banna articles, as well as several new articles:

 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928-1938)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1939-1954)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1954-present)
 * History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria

This amounts to over 12,000 words of text, and is the result of months of research, discussed in Talk:Muslim_Brotherhood, using reputable scholarly texts found at the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London. Every paragraph in the main articles is marked with page-number references to the work it is based on.

I am not an expert on this subject, and nothing in these articles is original; I have simply summarised the material in the sources listed. Some of the sources are more favourable to the Muslim Brotherhood; others are more critical. By attempting to represent accurately the accounts given in these sources, I hope to have produced a set of articles that members of the Brotherhood, as well as well-informed critics of the organisation, could see as fair and balanced. However, these articles may well contain errors; if you believe that anything in the text is inaccurate, please correct it, referencing your sources, and leave a note here about the change.

If you are new to this subject, as I was when I began this process, please be aware that a great deal of misinformation can be found on the Internet, and in the press, about the Muslim Brotherhood. In order to keep these articles reliable and neutral, I suggest that, as far as possible, like my humble contributions, all contributions should be based on reputable academic texts by specialists in the field; journalistic sources should only be used for current events, and only if they appear in major national or international news outlets, preferably when the same information is reported by several sources. It is my hope that this policy will enable Wikipedia to be a more reliable source of information about the Muslim Brotherhood than much of what can be found on the Internet.

A few words about my own motivations for doing this: I am not a Muslim, but I respect Islam and I am opposed to imperialism. Although I am certainly not very knowledgeable about Islam, it seems to me that Western misunderstandings about Islam and the Muslim world are contributing to tragic conflicts, and that people need knowledge and understanding of one another in order to live in harmony. I hope that Wikipedia can be a small contribution to that goal, and that people who know more about this subject than I do will improve on this work.

--Beroul 21:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This is clearly not NPOV. The author accepts the canard that al-Bannah and the leadership had no idea that a secret society within their organization was committing murder and were powerless to stop it. This hoary lie has been used countless times over the years by Arab politicians and terrorists to deny anything and everything. Arafat, knew nothing of the al-Aksa Martyrs Brigades, etc. Al-Bannah was a ruthless ruler of his organization and fully capable of ordering people killed. ScottAdler 23:11, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Although Beroul claims that he has made every possible effort "to keep these articles reliable and neutral," he has inexplicably neglected to include a large number of academic authorities that throw a less than positive light on the Muslim Brotherhood, most notably in relationship to their extreme antisemitism and their collaboration with the Nazis before and during World War II. I have entered a paragraph into the article which deals with these matters and cites some of the most recent publications of those authorities, all of them serious and acknowledged experts of high academic standard and published by respected publishers, academic and otherwise.  Moreover, and as it happens, there are so many books documenting these matters, and drawing both from Muslim Brotherhood sources, contemporary memoirs and the governmental archives of Nazi Germany, Britain, the United States and others,  that it is not necessary merely to refer to "journalistic sources," although some of these are certainly reliable and informative and are written by leading experts.  Nevertheless, I have not cited any of these.  One more comment: the give-away reference to Beroul's opposition to "imperialism" might be taken to express a clear POV, especially since he does not do justice to the Muslim Brotherhood's own often-expressed and even official goals to establish a world caliphate and to subjugate all peoples under their version of Islam.122.107.224.148 (talk) 06:52, 1 June 2010 (UTC)


text:
StorageTek

Storage Technology Corporation (StorageTek or STK, earlier STC) was a data storage technology company headquartered in Louisville, Colorado. New products include data retention systems, which it calls "information lifecycle management" (ILM).

Its remaining product line is now part of Oracle Corporation, and marketed as Oracle StorageTek, with a focus on tape backup equipment and software to manage storage systems.

History
In 1969 four former IBM engineers—Jesse Aweida, Juan Rodriguez, Thomas S. Kavanagh, and Zoltan Herger—founded the Storage Technology Corporation. The headquarters was in Louisville, Boulder County, Colorado.

In the 1970s, StorageTek launched its Disk Products division. After a failed attempt to develop an IBM-compatible mainframe, and an optical disk product line, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1984. Starting in 1987, new management invested in an automated tape library product line that "picked" tapes from a silo-like contraption with a robot arm. StorageTek emerged as a dominant player in that market.

StorageTek acquired Documation (1980), Aspen Peripherals Corporation (1989), Network Systems Corporation (1995), and Storability (2005).

Storage Technology Corporation was officially renamed "StorageTek" in 1983.

Sun Microsystems
In June 2005, Sun Microsystems, Inc. announced it would purchase StorageTek for US$4.1 billion in cash, or $37.00 per share. In August 2005, the acquisition was completed.

Oracle
On January 27, 2010, Sun was acquired by Oracle Corporation for US$7.4 billion. The StorageTek product line was renamed "Oracle StorageTek".

Products

 * Disk array: ST9990, ST9985, ST6540, ST6140, Iceberg, IBM RVA, SVA, BradeStor, FLX380, FLX280, FLX240, FLX210, D178, 9176, 9153, 9140, 9130
 * Disk drives: STK 8000 SuperDisk, STK8350, STK8650, STK N2700
 * Fibre Channel, SAS, RAID and SCSI HBAs.
 * Tape drives: STC 2450, STC 2470, STC 3400, STC 3600, StorageTek 4670, StorageTek 4480, 4490, 9490, SD-3, 9840, T9840B, T9840C, T9840D, T9940, T9940B, T10000A, T10000B, T10000C, T10000D
 * Tape drives (rebranded): LTO, SDLT, DLT
 * Tape libraries: 4400, 9310, 9360, 9710, 9714, 9730, 9740, 9738, L20, L40, L80, L180, L700, L700e, L5500, SL500, SL3000, SL8500, SL150, SL4000
 * Virtual tape libraries: VSM1, VSM2, VSM3, VSM4, VSM5, VSM6
 * Printer : StorageTek (Documation) 5000

Product timeline

 * 1970 - StorageTek releases its first product, the 2450/2470 tape drive.
 * 1971 - StorageTek introduces the 3400 tape storage device.
 * 1973 - StorageTek's disk division is founded.
 * 1974 - StorageTek's first 3600 tape drive ships.
 * 1975 - StorageTek ships the first 8000 Super Disk and announces the 8350 disk subsystem.
 * 1978 - StorageTek develops the first solid-state disk.
 * 1984 - StorageTek develops the first intelligent disk.
 * 1986 - StorageTek develops the first cached disk.
 * 1987 - StorageTek develops tape automation and emerges from Chapter 11.
 * 1994 - StorageTek introduces virtual disk, Iceberg.
 * 1998 - StorageTek introduces Flexline disk arrays.
 * 2001 - StorageTek introduces virtual networking.
 * 2002 - StorageTek introduces BladeStore, a disk array based on ATA disk technology.
 * 2003 - StorageTek introduces the EchoView data protection appliance, a disk-based appliance that eliminates the backup window.
 * 2003 - StorageTek introduces the StreamLine SL8500 modular library system.
 * 2012 - Oracle introduces the Streamline SL150 modular library system.
 * 2013 - Oracle introduces the T10000D 8.5 TB 252 MB/s tape drive

title: StorageTek


text:
Talk:Gengar

Is it worth putting...
...That in Mystery Dungeon, Gengar was the one in the story? Crowstar 11:31, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * From what I gathered from the game itself, that's debatable, but I wasn't paying much attantion at the time... -Jeske (v^_^v) 13:12, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

No, if you've done the Gengar & Gardevoir scenario, the disembodied voice thing that tells you to judge Gengar reveals he was the one in the story. Also, Gengar asks Ninetales to "lift the curse you put on me!" ~Crowstar~ 17:33, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * As I said, I wasn't paying much attention at the time. -Jeske ( v^_^v ) 17:35, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Gengar


text:
File:AcrossTheWall.jpg

Summary
Across the Wall book cover

title: File:AcrossTheWall.jpg