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Deilephila elpenor

Deilephila elpenor, the elephant hawk moth or large elephant hawk moth, is a moth in the family Sphingidae. Its common name is derived from the caterpillar's resemblance to an elephant's trunk. It is most common in central Europe and is distributed throughout the Palearctic region. It has also been introduced in British Columbia, Canada. Its distinct olive and pink colouring makes it one of the most recognisable moths in its range. However, it is quite easy to confuse the elephant hawk moth with the small elephant hawk moth, a closely related species that also shares the characteristic colours.

These moths are nocturnal and therefore feed on flowers that open or produce nectar at nighttime. The elephant hawk moth has very sensitive eyes that allow it to see colour even at low-light, and it was one of the first species in which nocturnal colour vision was documented in animals. The moth is also known for its hovering capability, which it utilises when feeding on nectar from flowers. This behaviour is costly in terms of energy and can help explain why the moth has evolved such enhanced visual capabilities for efficient feeding. The moths also have an important role as pollinators throughout their habitat.

Description
The D. elpenor moth has olive-brown coloured forewings outlined with pink. Two pink lines also run through the wings. The first line is usually thicker and terminates in the center of the wings near a white dot. The second line, which runs below the first, starts at the white inner margins and runs until the tip of the wing. The hindwings have a black inner half that gradually turns pink from the middle outwards. It is outlined by white fringes. The head, thorax, and body are also olive-brown in colour with pink markings throughout.

Subspecies
Two separate subspecies, Deilephila elpenor elpenor and Deilephila elpenor lewisii, were recognised in the past, but they are no longer regarded as well-distinguished. Similarly, the subspecies Deilephila elpenor szechuana is now thought to be a synonym for Deilephila elpenor elpenor. The subspecies Deilephila elpenor macromera, found in southern China, northern India, Bhutan and Myanmar, is still regarded as distinct.

Similar species
The elephant hawk moth is often confused with the small elephant hawk moth (Deilephila porcellus). There are clear distinctions in size and colouring that can help differentiate between the two. As the name suggests, the small elephant hawk moth is much smaller. It is also more yellow in colour around its body. The most obvious defining feature is the thick pink stripe going down the elephant hawk moth's abdomen that is missing on the small elephant hawk moth's abdomen. The two species are not usually seen together in garden traps because the small elephant hawk moth prefers more open habitats.

Range
D. elpenor is very common in central Europe and has a distribution throughout the palearctic region. The species is especially well-distributed in England, Wales, and Ireland. Until the 1980s, D. elpenor was only present in the southern half of Scotland, but now it has made its way up the north coast and into the country's mainland as well. In general, the moth's range becomes thinner and less concentrated in the northern parts of Europe. The range also extends throughout Asia and even to Japan.

Habitat
D. elpenor inhabits a variety of habitats. These include rough grassland, heathland, sand dunes, hedgerows, woodland, the open countryside, and even urban gardens. The moths play an important role in pollination throughout their habitats. For example, previous studies on hawk moths have indicated that they can pollinate up to 5–10% of the tree and shrub species in the area they inhabit.

Life cycle
There is usually only a single generation of D. elpenor in a given year. Occasionally, a small number of second generation individuals in a single year will be recorded in the late summer, but this is very rare. The pupae overwinter in cocoons, and the species become active from May to early August. Its peak activity time is between the midsummer months of June and September.

Egg
The females lay eggs either singly or in pairs on the leaves of plants that can act as food sources to the caterpillars when they emerge. These include but are not limited to rosebay willowherb (Chamaenerion angustifolium) and bedstraws (of the genus Galium). The moths are also attracted to gardens, and eggs have frequently been found on garden fuchsias, dahlias, and lavender. The eggs are whitish-green and have a glossy texture. Eggs will usually hatch in ten days.

Larva
Young larvae are a yellowish white to green colour. When they have finished growing, the larvae are a brown-gray colour with black dots along the length of the body. Larvae have a backward curving spine or "horn" that is the same colour as their body on the final abdominal segment. Fully grown larvae can measure up to 3 inches (7.62 cm) in length. They also weigh somewhere between 4 and 7.5 g; during their lifetime, they ingest a total of 11 - 30 g of plant material.

Variation in colour has been observed in nature. Specifically, a green version of the full-grown larva exists within the species. Previous research has shown that the colour variation is not due to a simple inheritance pattern, and specific explanations still remain inconclusive.

Pupa

It takes around 27 days for D. elpenor to move from the larva stage to the pupa stage. When the larvae are fully grown, they will look for a place to pupate. Usually, this ends up being at the base of a plant in plant debris or underneath the surface of the ground. Once they have found a secure spot, they will line the pupal chamber with a few strands of silk, pupate, then overwinter as pupae. Their pupae are brown with darker brown speckles throughout, and the divisions between the segments appear black. Pupae are 40–45 mm long.

Adult
The wingspan of D. elpenor that have been collected in Europe measure to be around 60–70 mm. There is also very little variation between the male and female D. elpenor. Adults are the most active during the month of June. They visit flowers and feed on the nectar at night, and are especially attracted to plants such as honeysuckles (Lonicera).

Eyespots
Many Lepidoptera species have evolved eyespots either on their body (when they are caterpillars) or on their wings (as fully grown adults). This dark, circular marking is generally thought to resemble the eyes of a predator and deter attacks from birds that feed on insects. This mimicry is effective because the caterpillar is usually somewhat concealed, and because the predators must respond to the signals quickly.

When it feels threatened by a predator, the caterpillar will widen the anterior part of the body. This defensive posture emphasises the eyespots and makes it more conspicuous. Some research have suggested that this allows the eyespots of the caterpillar to resemble a snake more closely than it could when it is at rest.

Pheromones
Experiments using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy have identified (E)-11-hexadecenal and (10E, 12E)-10,12-hexadecadienal [(E,E)-bombykal] as the major components of the female sex pheromone. These pheromones are the most active when females are actively exhibiting calling behaviour and visibly showing their ovipositors.

Vision
D. elpenor have very sensitive eyes that allow them to have colour vision even at nighttime. Studies have analysed the dark-adapted eyes of D.elpenor and have found three visual pigments with a maximal wavelength of 345 nm, 440 nm, and 520 nm. These values respectively correspond to ultraviolet, blue, and green wavelengths. Most vertebrates, such as humans, lose the ability to use the three types of photoreceptors present in the eye in dim light conditions. However, all three types of photoreceptors remain functional in various light conditions for D. elpenor, giving it the ability to have scotopic colour vision. This species was the first instance in which being able to see colour at night was documented in animals. Usually, increased colour sensitivity results in decreases in spatial resolution. However, despite the great sensitivity of its eyesight, the moth also has a reasonable spatial resolution. This nighttime colour vision is necessary because of the moth's feeding patterns. D. elpenor feeds at the darkest hours of night and also hovers over the flower to suck its nectar out rather than sitting on the flower. Locating the correct flower and hovering over it are both visually demanding tasks.

Feeding
D. elpenor feed on nectar from flowers. When most insects forage, they land on the flower to retrieve the nectar. However, D. elpenor hovers in front of the flower rather than landing on the flower itself. The moth then extends its long, straw-like proboscis to attain its food. While hovering, its wings beat at a high frequency to stabilise the body from the drift of the wind. This flight pattern is quite costly; therefore, it is important for the moth to be able to feed effectively by knowing where to find nectar.

Visual cues
Since they are nocturnal, the moths tend to feed on flowers that open or produce nectar at twilight or during the night. These are commonly termed "hawkmoth flowers". D. elpenor are able to see colour, an ability that is usually absent from most other nocturnal species. Their particular visual system allows them to discriminate between various wavelengths even at low illumination, allowing the moths to find correct food sources while foraging.

Olfactory cues
Olfaction also plays an important role in feeding for the moth. Many of the hawkmoth flowers contain a pleasant smell. Previous studies have found that fragrance release from the hawkmoth flowers stimulate flower-seeking behaviour by the moths. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that both visual and olfactory cues play a role in the feeding behaviour of D. elpenor.

Learning
D. elpenor, like many other insects, can learn to adapt its behaviour to changing environmental conditions. Experiments with D. elpenor has shown that it can discriminate between various visual stimuli (i.e. colour) and associate it with a food reward. This behaviour is especially important because the wrong decision when choosing a food source can prove to be a costly mistake in terms of time and energy resources. The experiment was conducted through the use of differently coloured artificial flowers. When no reward in the form of nectar was given by the flower, the moth did not further participate in foraging behaviour with that particular flower. This demonstrated the moth's need to keep energy expenses as low as possible while foraging.

Flight
Peak flight time for D. elpenor is between the months of June and September. Since the species is nocturnal, the moth will fly from dusk until the morning. Then it will rest at one of its food sources until dusk comes again. The moth has a maximum flight speed of 4.5— 5.1 m/s. The wind confers mechanical resistance to the wings while flying. Therefore, winds have negative effects on the energy budget of the moth. As a result, D. elpenor stop visiting flowers at wind speeds starting at 3.0 m/s.

D. elpenor are particularly adept at hovering, which is a necessary skill for obtaining nectar. It utilises spatial cues and motion-detecting neurons to steady itself.

Predators
Some natural predators use bright colouring to attract its prey, which includes D. elpenor. The conspicuous body colouring of certain nocturnal invertebrates, such as the white forehead stripes on the brown huntsman spider, lures the flying moth to its predator.

Bats are also known to prey on the moth.

title: Deilephila elpenor


text:
Robert Curran (Canadian politician)

Robert Franklin Curran (February 10, 1883 – 1958) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1936.

Curran was born in Emerson, Manitoba, the son of Robert Curran and Lucy Robinson, and was educated at public schools in the region. He worked as a farmer, and served as president of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) local. In 1908, Curran married Annie Copeland. He first ran for the Manitoba legislature as a UFM candidate in the 1922 provincial election, but finished third against independent candidate Dmytro Yakimischak in the Emerson constituency.

The UFM won the 1922 election, and governed as the Progressive Party. Curran campaigned as a government candidate in the 1927 election, identifying himself as a Liberal-Progressive. He was elected in a field of six candidates, with Yakimischak falling to fourth place. Curran served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government in the parliament which followed.

In 1932, the Progressive Party forged a formal alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party, and all government members became known as Liberal-Progressives. Curran ran under this banner again in the 1932 provincial campaign, and defeated his Conservative opponent by 245 votes.

He was defeated in the 1936 election, losing to Independent Liberal Herbert Wright by only twenty votes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert Curran (Canadian politician)


text:
User talk:Gigor

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Talk:Courvaudon

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title: Talk:Courvaudon


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Seditious libel

Seditious libel is a criminal offence under common law of printing written material with seditious purpose – that is, the purpose of bringing contempt upon a political authority. It remains an offence in Canada but has been abolished in England and Wales.

American scholar Leonard W. Levy argues that seditious libel "has always been an accordion-like concept, expandable or contractible at the whim of judges".

England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Under the common law of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, a statement was seditious under the common law if it brought into "hatred or contempt" either the  King or his heirs, the government and constitution, either House of Parliament, or the administration of justice; or if it incited people to attempt to change any matter of Church or state established by law (except by lawful means); or if it promoted discontent among or hostility between British subjects. A person was only guilty of the offence if they had printed words or images and intend any of the above outcomes. Proving that the statement is true was not a defence but in the Trial of the Seven Bishops (1688), the seven Lords Spiritual including the Archbishop of Canterbury were acquitted of seditious libel because they had been exercising their right to petition. As a common law offence whose sentence was not specified by statute, it was punishable with up to life imprisonment or an unlimited fine or both.

Parliament abolished the offences of sedition and seditious libel in 2009. However, there continue to be similar offences in other statutes, such as the Terrorism Act 2000, which criminalises threats of action which are designed to "influence the government" or "to intimidate the public or a section of the public" for "the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause".

Canada
In Canada, seditious offences are defined by sections 59 to 61 of the Criminal Code. A seditious offence can be punished by imprisonment up to a maximum term of 14 years. The concept of a "seditious intention" is defined in part as follows: "59(4) Without limiting the generality of the meaning of the expression 'seditious intention', every one shall be presumed to have a seditious intention who

the use, without the authority of law, of force as a means of accomplishing a governmental change within Canada."

However, the breadth of this section is reduced by s 60, which provides "seditious intention" does not include communications made in good faith to criticise measures taken by the government, to point out errors or defects in government, or to point out matters that tend to produce ill-will between Canadians.

Seditious speech in the United States
Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders. Its criminalization dates back at least as far as the Alien and Sedition Act.

According to John Cohan, "A delicate line can be crossed, whereby lawful criticism of government may become seditious speech, where associating with others in robust criticism of government may become subversive activities punishable by law". The Brandenburg v. Ohio U.S. Supreme Court decision maintains that seditious speech – including speech that constitutes an incitement to violence – is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution as long as it does not reach a level "where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action".

During World War II, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured U.S. Attorney General Francis Biddle to prosecute seditionists, but Biddle declined, believing it to be unwise. Today's anti-war activists are not prosecuted for seditious speech.

History
The crime of seditious libel was defined and established in England during the 1606 case De Libellis Famosis by the Star Chamber. The case defined seditious libel as criticism of public persons, the government, or King.

The phrase "seditious libel" and "blasphemous libel" were used interchangeably at that time, because of the strong unions between church and state. Blasphemy was later made a separate offence, and finally abolished with the passing of the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006. Sedition and seditious libel were abolished by section 73 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. Sedition by an alien is still an offence under the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919.

The United States' Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 broke with the common law precedent of the time, in that it allowed for truth as a defense, though judges were not consistent in their rulings.

John Peter Zenger was arrested and imprisoned for seditious libel in 1734 after his newspaper criticized the colonial governor of New York. Zenger spent nearly 10 months in jail before being acquitted by a jury on August 5, 1735. One hundred years later, Nova Scotia's Joseph Howe also won a jury acquittal on a charge of seditious libel after his newspaper printed allegations that local politicians and police were stealing from the people.

Having severely censured the actions of the government in print with reference to the 1819 Peterloo Massacre, Sir Francis Burdett was prosecuted at Leicester assizes, fined £1,000, and committed to prison by Best, J. for three months for the crime of "composing, writing, and publishing a seditious libel" with explanation:

"My opinion of the liberty of the press is that every man ought to be permitted to instruct his fellow subjects; that every man may fearlessly advance any new doctrines, provided he does so with proper respect to the religion and government of the country; that he may point out errors in the measures of public men; but he must not impute criminal conduct to them. The liberty of the press cannot be carried to this extent without violating another equally sacred right; namely, the right of character. This right can only be attacked in a court of justice, where the party attacked has a fair opportunity of defending himself."

title: Seditious libel


text: File:Keyshia Cole - The Way It Is.jpg

title: File:Keyshia Cole - The Way It Is.jpg


text:
Category:Languages of Cape Verde

Articles on the languages of Cape Verde.

title: Category:Languages of Cape Verde


text: User talk:81.153.101.224

title: User talk:81.153.101.224


text:
Al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf

Al-Muttalib ibn Abd al-Manaf (ٱلْـمُطَّلِب بْن عَبْد مَنَاف, al-Muṭṭalib ibn ʿAbd Manāf) was the grandfather of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith, a sahabi of Muhammad. He was also the ancestor of Imam Shafi.

History
His father was Abd Manaf ibn Qusai.

Al-Muttalib was the younger brother of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf (the great-grandfather of Muhammad). He succeeded his brother Hashim and took care of his nephew Shaiba ibn Hashim; when he returned to Mecca with his nephew people thought he was his new slave, so Shaiba became known as "Abd al-Muttalib" (servant of al-Muttalib) because slavery was so common and rampant at that time. When al-Muttalib died, his sons and nephew Abd al-Muttalib succeeded him.

He is the progenitor of Banu al-Muttalib through his children: Al-Harith (or Al-Arrat; father of Ubaydah, al-Tufayl, and al-Husayn), Ayyilah (who married Uhayb, brother of Wahb ibn Abd Manaf), Hashim (ancestor of Imam Shafi), Makhramah (father of Qays, al-Qasim, and as-Salt), 'Alqamah, Abu Ruhm and Abbad (only these children are known). His grandchildren and great-grandchildren became companions of their close relative Muhammad, and narrated some of his sayings. Qays ibn Makhramah ibn al-Muttalib in particular is known for having been the master of Yasar, the grandfather of Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, before freeing Yasar with the surname "al-Muttalibi". (See Ibn Ishaq)

title: Al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf


text:
User talk:Dei phobos

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Dei phobos


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Fricke

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

David Fricke
non notability Melaen 22:42, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand, notable rock critic. Dcarrano 01:13, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, what Dcarrano said. I've actually heard of him, he's written some books on bands. --Etacar11 01:31, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above, notable writer.  Friday 13:49, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but direly in need of expansion, notable writer on alternative music. Curt Woyte 10:19, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zachary Wiest

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Zachary Wiest
Vanity, self-promotion, prediction WCFrancis 22:43, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Definately vanity. Gwk 22:47, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. —Cleared as filed. 22:59, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 01:28, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 07:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Southend, Saskatchewan

Southend is a community in north-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated on Big Island at the southern end of Reindeer Lake — the ninth largest lake in Canada. The community is the terminus of Highway 102 and is about 221 km north-east of La Ronge.

The community consists of the northern settlement of Southend with a population of 35 and Southend 200, an Indian reserve of the Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation, with a population of 904.

History
Fur trade posts were established at or near the community as early as 1792. Reindeer River Post (1792, 1795) at Southend was a North West Company Post. Reindeer Lake Post (or Clapham House) (1798–1892) at Southend was a Hudson's Bay Company post. South Reindeer Lake Post (1936–1941) was a Hudson's Bay Company post located south of Southend on the Reindeer River.

In February 1980, two sounding Black Brant 5B rockets were launched from Southend. They reached an altitude of about 156 kilometres.

Demographics
The population of Southend 200, IR Saskatchewan was 904 in 2011. Cree was the mother tongue chosen by 465 residents followed by English with 425 and Dene with 5. Almost all residents also spoke English.

Transportation

 * Highway 102
 * Southend/Hans Ulricksen Field Aerodrome
 * Southend Water Aerodrome

Media

 * CBKA-FM

title: Southend, Saskatchewan


text:
Wood Harris

Sherwin David "Wood" Harris (born October 17, 1969) is an American actor. He first garnered attention for his role as Motaw in the Jeff Pollack film Above the Rim (1994), prior to portraying high school football player Julius Campbell in the Walt Disney Pictures film Remember the Titans (2000) and Jimi Hendrix in the Showtime television film Hendrix (2000). He attained further recognition for his portrayal of drug kingpin Avon Barksdale on the HBO crime drama The Wire (2002–2008). Harris also played the role of cocaine dealer Ace, based on the life of Azie Faison, in the crime film Paid in Full in 2002.

On television, Harris is known for playing Avon Barksdale in The Wire and Brooke Payne on the BET miniseries The New Edition Story in 2017. In addition, Harris starred as Barry Fouray on the VH1 miniseries The Breaks (2016–2017), Damon Cross on the Fox series Empire for its fifth and sixth season, and currently portrays the drug lord "Pat" in the Starz series BMF.

He has also starred in films such as the 2009 dark comedy film Next Day Air, the 2015 Marvel Studios superhero film Ant-Man, the science fiction films Dredd (2012) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017), and the sports drama Creed (2015), along with its sequels Creed II (2018) and Creed III (2023).

Early life and education
Harris was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of seamstress Mattie and bus driver John Henry Harris. He was given the nickname "Wood" by friends in his neighborhood, because "Sherwin" was too difficult for some to pronounce. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Theater Arts from Northern Illinois University (NIU) and a Master of Arts from New York University. He is the younger brother of actor Steve Harris.

Career
While enrolled in NIU, Harris starred in his first major film role in the basketball drama Above the Rim, opposite Duane Martin and co-starring Tupac Shakur, and appeared in many theatrical stage productions of various off-Broadway plays. Harris subsequently guest-starred in a variety of television and film venues before portraying legendary rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix in Showtime's 2000 film, Hendrix.

Later that year, Harris received his first NAACP Image Award nomination for "Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture" along with the Blockbuster Movie Award nomination for "Favorite Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture" for his role as Julius "Big Ju" Campbell in Remember the Titans. In 2002, he starred in the Dame Dash produced cult-classic film Paid in Full, based on the true story of three Harlem drug dealers with Harris playing the real-life kingpin Azie Faison.

He starred as Avon Barksdale, loosely based on the real-life Nathan Barksdale, in the HBO's original series The Wire. He also produced his own debut album, Beautiful Wonderful, which was intended for release in 2005.

In June 2008, director Martin Guigui revealed that Harris was cast as Nate "Sweetwater" Clifton in Sweetwater, a movie about the first black player in the NBA. , it is still in pre-production.

In 2009, Harris starred in the film Just Another Day, as a successful fictional rapper named A-maze. The film centers on a clash between a young up-and-coming rapper and an older one at the top of his game, the former played by Jamie Hector (whose character Marlo Stanfield had a similar role with respect to Harris's character in The Wire).

In 2012, Harris narrated the ESPN 30 for 30 film Benji. In the same year he also played Harold "Mitch" Mitchell in the Broadway revival of A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams; alongside Blair Underwood, Nicole Ari Parker, and Daphne Rubin-Vega.

In 2015, he reunited with The Wire cast member Michael B. Jordan for his role as Tony "Little Duke" Evers in Creed, the latest instalment of the Rocky franchise, reprising the role in its sequels.

title: Wood Harris


text:
Petit-Rocher, New Brunswick

Petit-Rocher is a former village in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Belle-Baie. Sitting on the western shore of both Chaleur Bay and Nepisiguit Bay 20 km northwest of Bathurst.

The former local service districts of Petit-Rocher-Nord (Devereaux) and Petit-Rocher-Sud bordered the village on the north and south, respectively.

History
The village was founded in 1797 by Acadian settlers. The name literally means "little rock", and is pronounced by most anglophones in the region as Petty Roche. The name of the village is reputed to derive from the fact that the village's founders disembarked on a small rock. The village was named Little Roche from 1850 to 1854, then Madisco until 1870, and then Petit Rocher. The hyphenated form Petit-Rocher was adopted in 2009. Some old maps have the name Petite Roche (1812) and Sainte Roque or Little Russia (1827).

On January 1, 2023, Petit-Rocher amalgamated with Beresford, Nigadoo, Pointe-Verte and all or part of ten local service districts to form the new town of Belle-Baie. The community's name remains only for address purposes.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Petit-Rocher had a population of $1,954$ living in $890$ of its $963$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $1,897$. With a land area of 4.52 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Tourism
In 2012 and 2013, Petit-Rocher was host to the CCBHA's annual ball hockey tournament with a team from nearby Dundee taking home the Allen, Paquet & Arseneau cup as champions for both tournaments.

title: Petit-Rocher, New Brunswick


text:
List of districts of the House of Representatives of Japan

, the House of Representatives of Japan is elected from a combination of multi-member districts and single-member districts, a method called Parallel voting. Currently, 176 members are elected from 11 multi-member districts (called proportional representation blocks or PR blocks) by a party-list system of proportional representation (PR), and 289 members are elected from single-member districts, for a total of 465. 233 seats are therefore required for a majority. Each PR block consists of one or more prefectures, and each prefecture is divided into one or more single-member districts. In general, the block districts correspond loosely to the major regions of Japan, with some of the larger regions (such as Kantō) subdivided.

History
Until the 1993 general election, all members of the House of Representatives were elected in multi-member constituencies by single non-transferable vote. In 1994, Parliament passed an electoral reform bill that introduced the current system of parallel voting in single-member constituencies and proportional voting blocks. The original draft bill in 1993 by the anti-LDP coalition of Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa included proportional party list voting on a national scale, an equal number of proportional and district seats (250 each) and the possibility of split voting. However, the bill stalled in the House of Councillors. After the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had returned to power later that year, it was changed to include proportional voting in regional blocks only, the number of proportional seats was reduced, but the possibility to cast two separate votes was kept in the bill. The electoral reform law was finally passed in 1994. It was first applied in the 1996 general election.

Redistricting and reapportionment
Amendments to the electoral law in 2002 and 2013 changed the boundaries of single-member districts and reapportioned seats between prefectures (+5/-5 in 2002; +0/-5 in 2013, resulting in a net change of -5 in district seats in the House of Representatives to 295 and overall seats to 475). The borders of the regional proportional blocks have never changed, but the apportionment of seats to the regional proportional blocks changed in 2000 after the number of proportional seats had been reduced from 200 to 180 (reducing the total number of seats in the lower house from 500 to 480), and in the 2002 reapportionment.

Another reapportionment was passed by the National Diet in June 2017. In the majoritarian segment, it will change 97 districts in 19 prefectures, six are eliminated without replacement (one each in Aomori, Iwate, Mie, Nara, Kumamoto and Kagoshima). In the proportional segment, four "blocks" lose a seat each (Tōhoku, N. Kantō, Kinki, Kyūshū). Thus, the number of majoritarian seats is reduced to 289, the number of proportional seats to 176, the House of Representatives overall shrinks to 465. The reform takes effect one month after promulgation, i.e. on July 16, 2017.

Hokkaidō (8 block seats)
The block constituency for Hokkaidō (比例北海道ブロック) elects 8 members proportionally. It contains only Hokkaidō Prefecture, which is divided into 12 single-member districts.

Tohoku (13 block seats)
The block constituency for Tohoku (比例東北ブロック) elects 14 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Tohoku region.

Kita- (North) Kanto (19 block seats)
The Northern Kanto proportional representation block (北関東) elects 20 members proportionally. It includes four prefectures in northern Kanto.

Minami- (Southern) Kanto (22 block seats)
The block constituency for southern Kanto (比例南関東ブロック, hirei minami-Kantō burokku) elects 22 members proportionally. It includes two prefectures in southern Kanto and one in eastern Chubu.

Tokyo (17 block seats)
The block constituency for Tokyo (比例東京ブロック) elects 17 members proportionally. It covers Tokyo prefecture.

Hokurikushin'etsu (11 block seats)
The block constituency for Hokurikushinetsu (北陸信越) elects 11 members proportionally. It combines five prefectures of the Hokuriku and Shin'etsu subregions in northern Chubu.

Tokai (21 block seats)
The block constituency for Tokai (東海) elects 21 members proportionally. It covers three prefectures in southern Chubu, as well as one prefecture in Kinki.

Kinki/Kansai (28 block seats)
The block constituency for Kinki (Kansai) (近畿) elects 29 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Kinki region minus Mie Prefecture.

Chugoku (11 block seats)
The block constituency for Chugoku (中国) elects 11 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Chugoku region.

Shikoku (6 block seats)
The block constituency for Shikoku (比例四国ブロック) elects 6 members proportionally. It corresponds to the Shikoku region.

Kyūshū (20 block seats)
The block constituency for Kyūshū (九州) elects 21 members proportionally. It includes all the prefectures on Kyūshū island, as well as Okinawa Prefecture.


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Norristown Transportation Center

Norristown Transportation Center (soon to be known as Norristown Transit Center ) is a two-level multimodal public transportation regional hub located in Norristown, Pennsylvania and operated by SEPTA. It opened in 1989, replacing the older Norristown High Speed Line (Route 100) terminus one block away at Main and Swede Streets, and integrated the former Reading Company's DeKalb Street Norristown railroad station (built 1933) into its structure. A plaque embedded in the sidewalk between the bus lane and Lafayette Street commemorates the location of one of the columns of the dismantled segment of the Philadelphia and Western Railroad (P&W) trestle.

Regional rail service
The Norristown Transportation Center is a stop on the Manayunk/Norristown Regional Rail Line, which offers service to Center City Philadelphia via Conshohocken and Manayunk.

In 2017, the regional rail service at Norristown Transportation Center had a weekday average of 856 boardings and 781 alightings.

Norristown High Speed Line
Norristown Transportation Center is the final stop on the Norristown High Speed Line, which runs from 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby to Norristown.

Bus routes
In addition to rail service, Norristown Transportation Center serves as the center of the Frontier District of SEPTA's Suburban Division bus routes, particularly the routes operating in Montgomery County. Bus routes serving NTC operate with a "timed transfer"; for the most part, buses leave at the same time, to maximize possible transfers between routes. These routes serve areas of Norristown and other areas in Montgomery County.

SEPTA Frontier District routes that serve Norristown Transportation Center are:
 * - to Plymouth Meeting Mall via Penn Square
 * - to SCI Phoenix via Eagleville (Saturdays only)
 * - to Pottstown via Collegeville and Philadelphia Premium Outlets
 * - to Lansdale via Montgomery Mall and North Wales
 * - to Chestnut Hill via Barren Hill and Conshohocken
 * - to Blue Bell via Plymouth Meeting Mall
 * - to Phoenixville via King of Prussia Transit Center at King of Prussia mall, Audubon and Oaks
 * - to Audubon and Valley Forge Corporate Complex via Jeffersonvill

NTC is located at DeKalb and Lafayette Streets near the banks of the Schuylkill River and boasts a parking garage (built in 2008). Along with the opening of the new garage, intercity bus service by Bieber Transportation Group, Greyhound, and Martz Trailways was introduced to Norristown. Bieber Transportation Group ended service to Norristown on April 1, 2018 while Martz Trailways service ended May 31, 2018.

Norristown Transportation Center was formerly an important transfer point between electric and Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDCs) service to points north, such as Valley Forge, Phoenixville Pottstown, Reading and Pottsville. Pottsville line service was eliminated in 1981 due to budget cuts. Proposed restoration of service beyond Norristown, dubbed the Schuylkill Valley Metro, was canceled in 2006 after SEPTA failed to acquire necessary funding.

title: Norristown Transportation Center


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WOW series

"WOW" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995. Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual WOW Hits releases are usually double CD sets. The series was officially cancelled in 2019. Throughout its run, the WOW franchise evolved into one of the most successful collections of Christian music.

Background
The birth of the WOW record project can be traced to Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records. In November 1994, Cunningham made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records. There, he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the NOW series, containing collections of pop songs. Cunningham brought the idea back to Sparrow. Sparrow executives suggested a similar project be developed for Christian pop music and he was assigned the task of getting the project off the ground.

Released in late 1995, WOW 1996 was the first in the WOW Series and the first recording put together by the three major Christian record companies of the time: Word Records (now Word Entertainment), Sparrow Records (formerly part of EMI Christian Music Group), and Reunion Records (now part of Sony's Provident Label Group). Still today, after each submitting label agrees to a reduced master royalty, the final decision on the tracks to be included is made by committee. Production, marketing, and distribution for the "WOW Hits" series was handled by EMI Christian Music Group, and from 2013, by Capitol Christian Music Group, which is now a Universal Music Group company.

In 1999, the annual WOW Worship series was launched. Rather than using the year, each release is identified by the color of the cover. The worship series and hits series are today among the best-selling members of the product brand. Beginning in 2008, WOW began releasing separate single-disc collections spread throughout each year, rather than a two-disc collection toward the end of each year. In addition to WOW Hits, which focuses on the most popular pop and pop-rock music, plans call for either single-disc WOW Rock Hits and WOW Pop Hits collections released twice a year.

WOW Series
WOW Series was the first and most successful series of WOW collections, and contains the following albums:

Wow Hits
In 2000, the WOW Series was rebranded to WOW Hits, forming the second and also the most successful series of WOW collections. In 2008, the WOW Series contemplated releasing three single discs per year instead of the annual double discs customers were used to. Only one single disc was ever released, WOW Hits 1. in the spring of 2008, before reverting to the annual format. It is not known why the publishers decided to return to the annual format instead of the new format, which was inspired by the Now That's What I Call Music! series, which releases three discs annually. It contains the following albums:

WOW Gospel
WOW Gospel are released annually, beginning with WOW Gospel 1998. The focus of this series is gospel, and the compilation has been issued every year since 1998. Since the release of WOW Gospel 2003, a major metropolitan city that has been influential in the field of gospel music has been honored on the album cover. For instance, New York, NY was honored due in part to the September 11, 2001 tragedy, and so on. The exception is WOW Gospel 2009 in which the United States of America was honored due to the previous year's election. Another exception was when Atlanta was honored twice - first in 2007 and 2013. However, for Wow Gospel 2014 and Wow Gospel 2015, they did not recognize a city, however used a different background for the cover. The series consists of the following albums:
 * WOW Gospel 1998
 * WOW Gospel 1999
 * WOW Gospel 2000
 * WOW Gospel 2001
 * WOW Gospel 2002
 * WOW Gospel 2003
 * WOW Gospel 2004
 * WOW Gospel 2005
 * WOW Gospel 2006
 * WOW Gospel 2007
 * WOW Gospel 2008
 * WOW Gospel 2009
 * WOW Gospel 2010
 * WOW Gospel 2011
 * WOW Gospel 2012
 * WOW Gospel 2013
 * WOW Gospel 2014
 * WOW Gospel 2015
 * WOW Gospel 2016
 * WOW Gospel 2017
 * WOW Gospel 2018
 * WOW Gospel 2019

WOW Worship
The WOW Worship series was released annually beginning with WOW Worship Blue in 1999. The focus on this series is praise and worship. The first album features songs performed by the worship leaders who wrote them, including Darlene Zschech's "Shout to the Lord". It is a partnership between Integrity Music, Maranatha Music and Vineyard Music. After several years, it switched to a contemporary Christian music format, where CCM recording artists perform praise and worship songs in their style. The series features ten albums.

WOW Essentials
WOW Essentials was first released in August 2008. It contains twelve songs that are "essential to Christian music life." The first album features songs from Chris Tomlin, Casting Crowns, and many others. The focus of this series was to showcase favorite and well-known songs picked from the most recent years, and consists of the following albums:

WOW Christmas
WOW Christmas is a series of compilation albums featuring Christmas music as recorded by contemporary Christian music artists. The series is released sporadically, beginning in 2002, and consists of the following albums:

Other albums

 * WOW The 90s - Released in 1999. All of the songs in this collection were contemporary Christian music hits during the 1990s. Marketing and distribution responsibilities for this title was delegated to Word Entertainment.
 * WOW Gold - Released in 2000. It was a single 2-CD/2-cassette collection of contemporary Christian music from the 1960s to the time it was released. Marketing and distribution for this title was given to Brentwood Records (now Provident Music Group).
 * WOW for the Children, a single disc released in the year 2000. It includes twelve songs on a single CD. The tracks are a mix of top gospel, CCM and CWM songs. It was compiled especially for the charitable organization Feed the Children. The album was not available commercially but was only given as a gift to donors.
 * WOW Gospel Christmas (2007)
 * WOW Gospel Christmas - Single Disc Edition (2013)
 * WOW Gospel No. 1s (2007)
 * WOW Gospel Smooth Jazz Tribute (2007)
 * WOW Gospel Essentials (2008)
 * WOW Gospel Essentials 2 (2009)
 * WOW Gospel Worship
 * WOW Gospel the 90s
 * WOW Gospel the 2000s
 * WOW Hymns was released in March 2007. It is a two-disc compilation album of thirty modern and classic hymns that were recorded by popular Christian musicians.  The album features songs by Jeremy Camp, Chris Tomlin, Nichole Nordeman, David Crowder Band, and many other well-known groups and singers.  An accompanying songbook was also released by Word Music.
 * WOW Next 2007 was a free ten-song CD given to anyone who bought any WOW compilation CD.
 * WOW New & Next (2010)
 * WOW New & Next 2011 (2011) - WOW New & Next (2010) and WOW New & Next (2011) were 12-song CDs showcasing new artists that was sold, or given free to anyone who bought any WOW compilation CD.
 * WOW Hits Party Mix - Released: March 10, 2015. This album features 30 (36 in the Deluxe Edition) remixed versions of some of the top Christian songs included in previous WOW albums.
 * WOW Hits 20th Anniversary - Street date: March 18, 2016. This special anniversary album features 30 of the top Christian songs included in previous WOW albums.

Home video
From 1997 to 2012, excluding 2008, the WOW Hits series was accompanied with home video releases. The first of these, WOW 1997 the VIDEO, was a videocassette with nine music videos released in 1996. The sequel, WOW 1998, featured 16 videos. The WOW Gospel series also received home video releases. The final videocassette release was WOW Hits 2004, released in 2003.

Beginning in 2002 with the release of WOW Hits 2003, home videos were released in the DVD format. Prior releases were also reissued on DVD in 2002, with a few modifications. For instance, the 2000 and 2001 releases each had a Raze music video on videocassette, due to a sexual abuse scandal involving Raze frontman Ja'Marc Davis, these were omitted from the DVD releases. Additionally, the 1997 and 1998 releases were released on one DVD.

The final WOW Hits home video release was WOW Hits 2012 in 2011. The final WOW Gospel home video release was WOW Gospel 2017 in 2017.

Spin-off DVDs include WOW British Gospel in 2004 and WOW Music Trivia Game in 2007.

title: WOW series


text: Template:Economist-stub

title: Template:Economist-stub


text:
Astar Air Cargo

ASTAR Air Cargo Inc. was an American cargo airline based in Miami, Florida. Its main base was Cincinnati Northern Kentucky International Airport in Hebron, Kentucky, with hubs at Miami International Airport and Los Angeles International Airport. It was owned by John Dasburg, Richard Blum and Michael Klein.

History

The airline was established and started operations in 1969. It was formed as DHL Worldwide Express by Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn. The airline was spun off from DHL and a majority stake sold to a private investor in order to comply with federal foreign ownership laws. FedEx and UPS challenged the U.S. citizenship of DHL Airways, asserting to the Department of Transportation that DPWN exercised effective operational control of the airline. The airline rebranded as DHL Airways on December 22, 1981 and grew rapidly, initiating services to Asia and Australia.

In July 2003, John Dasburg completed a management buy-out of the airline and rebranded to ASTAR Air Cargo on June 30, 2003, with its two target customers remaining to be DHL and the United States Air Force. In 2007, DHL bought 49.5% of nonvoting and 24.5% of voting stock and added a member to the board of ASTAR Air Cargo.

On May 28, 2008, DHL announced the plan to terminate its business relationship with ASTAR by outsourcing the air transportation to its competitor UPS. In May 2009 DHL terminated their plan to outsource to UPS and ASTAR continued operating out of DHL's CVG facility.

The company decided to shut down its cargo operations when its contract with DHL was terminated abruptly effective on June 1, 2012. All remaining active aircraft were put in storage.

Destinations

ASTAR Air Cargo operated the following freight destinations until operations were ended as of June 1, 2012:

 * Hamilton, Ontario (John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport)
 * Mexico City (Mexico City International Airport)
 * Atlanta, Georgia (Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport)
 * Boston, Massachusetts (Logan International Airport)
 * Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport) Hub
 * Denver, Colorado (Denver International Airport)
 * Greensboro, North Carolina (Piedmont Triad International Airport)
 * Houston, Texas (George Bush Intercontinental Airport)
 * Harlingen, Texas (Valley International Airport)
 * Memphis, Tennessee (Memphis International Airport)
 * Miami, Florida (Miami International Airport)
 * Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota (Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport)
 * Nashville, Tennessee (Nashville International Airport)
 * Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty International Airport)
 * Orlando, Florida (Orlando International Airport)
 * Saint Louis, Missouri (Lambert St. Louis International Airport)
 * Salt Lake City, Utah (Salt Lake City International Airport)
 * Toledo, Ohio (Toledo Express Airport)
 * Saint Louis, Missouri (Lambert St. Louis International Airport)
 * Salt Lake City, Utah (Salt Lake City International Airport)
 * Toledo, Ohio (Toledo Express Airport)

Fleet

The ASTAR Air Cargo fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

Accidents and incidents

 * On August 31, 1998, a Boeing 727-200F (registered N722DH) suffered an engine failure on the 2nd engine shortly after taking off from John F. Kennedy International Airport. The crew declared an emergency and requested to return to the airport. Shortly after landing, the right main gear failed and the aircraft slid through the runway to a stop. The 3 flight crew members and 2 jumpseat riders were not injured.

title: Astar Air Cargo


text: User talk:68.165.134.106

title: User talk:68.165.134.106


text:
Arthur Berry (politician)

Arthur Ritchie Berry (November 28, 1879 —July 23, 1943 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1936.

Berry was born in Owen Sound, Ontario and came to the Manitou district with his parents as an infant. They later emigrated to North Dakota. In 1895, Berry settled on a Dominion Lands Act homestead in the Umatilla district in the Grandview area. He married Hilda Longmuir in 1910. He worked as a farmer. Berry also served as a member of the Grandview town council.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election, as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) in the Gilbert Plains constituency. The UFM unexpectedly won a majority of seats in this election, and formed government as the Progressive Party.

Berry was re-elected by a secure majority in the 1927 election. In 1932, the Progressives formed an alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party, and government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives". Berry was re-elected under this banner in the 1932 campaign, defeating Conservative candidate H.A. Alley by 289 votes. He lost the nomination to G.D. Shortread in 1936.

Throughout his time in the legislature, Berry served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government.

He died in the Winnipeg General Hospital after being ill for two weeks.

title: Arthur Berry (politician)


text: Category:Economist stubs

title: Category:Economist stubs


text:
Flotsam and Jetsam

Flotsam and Jetsam may refer to:

 * Flotsam, jetsam, lagan and derelict, refuse found in the ocean.

Fictional characters

 * Flotsam and Jetsam (The Little Mermaid), two characters in The Little Mermaid
 * Flotsam and Jetsam, two police officers in the Hollywood Station series by Joseph Wambaugh

Literature

 * "Flotsam and Jetsam", a chapter of The Two Towers by J. R. R. Tolkien
 * "Flotsam and Jetsam", a short story by W. Somerset Maugham

Music

 * Flotsam and Jetsam (band), a thrash metal band from Phoenix, Arizona
 * Flotsam and Jetsam (Flotsam and Jetsam album), 2016
 * Flotsam and Jetsam (EP), a 2006 EP by Mystery Jets
 * "Flotsam and Jetsam", a song by Peter Gabriel from eponymous second album
 * Flotsam and Jetsam (Peter Gabriel album), 2019 compilation album

Television

 * "Flotsam and Jetsam" (Being Human), an episode of Being Human
 * "Flotsam and Jetsam", a Series F episode of the television series QI (2009)

Film

 * Flotsam and Jetsam (film), a 2022 film by Chang Tso-chi

title: Flotsam and Jetsam


text:
Set This House on Fire

Set This House on Fire is a novel by William Styron, set in a small village of the Amalfi coast in Italy, centred on the themes of evil and redemption. The narrator, Peter Leverett, is a lawyer from the South, but the story is primarily told through the recollections of its protagonist, a troubled artist named Cass Kinsolving.

Plot introduction
The novel's title refers to a line from one of John Donne's epigraphs:

His mercies hath applied His judgments, and hath shaked the house, this body, with agues and palsies, and set this house on fire with fevers and calentures, and frightened the master of the house, which is my soul, with horrors, and heavy apprehensions, and so made an entrance into me.

This epigraph describes the basic theme of the novel: a troubled soul, the alcoholic Cass, is badly shaken by the "fire" of an encounter with evil, in the form of the aristocratic Mason Flagg. Ultimately, Cass' experiences with Flagg provide Cass with the inspiration he needs to redeem himself.

Plot summary
The story takes place in Italy, not long after the Second World War. Young southern lawyer Peter Leverett is on vacation, and is thrilled to meet his old friend Mason Flagg on a film set in the town of Sambuco. Mason is a handsome, wealthy playboy with a glamorous life style. To Peter Leverett, a good-natured, rather gullible young man, he has always been a hero. But only a few hours after their reunion, Mason is found dead. For reasons of their own, the corrupt local police quickly label his death a suicide, but Peter suspects foul play. And to his horror and dismay, the main suspect is a fellow American named Cass Kinsolving.

Cass Kinsolving and Peter Leverett are both southerners, but strikingly different in appearance, behavior, and social background. Mild-mannered Peter is from relatively comfortable circumstances in Virginia, while brutal, profane, violent Cass was raised in grinding poverty in rural North Carolina. Their first meeting in the town of Sambuco does not bode well for their friendship, as Cass is falling-down drunk and rudely spewing threats towards Mason Flagg and his wealthy Hollywood friends. Peter is disgusted by him at the time, but some months later he begins to be troubled by the sense that brooding, enigmatic Cass Kinsolving may know something about Mason's death. Even more disturbing are the nightmares and memories that torment Peter. Recalling various unpleasant scenes from his schooldays, he begins to wonder what horrible crimes Mason may have committed to draw down the wrath of divine justice. Finally he takes action, writing to Cass in Charleston and begging for a chance to talk about the murder and other strange events in Italy. The bulk of the novel takes the form of conversations and flashbacks that take place between the two men as they talk over past events while fishing on a lake near Charleston, South Carolina.

"What this country needs... what this great land of ours needs is something to happen to it. Something ferocious and tragic, like what happened to Jericho or the cities of the plain - something terrible I mean, son, so that when the people have been through hellfire and the crucible, and have suffered agony enough and grief, they’ll be people again, human beings, not a bunch of smug contented cows rooting at the trough." - William Styron, from Set This House on Fire

Characters

 * Peter Leverett – a mild-mannered lawyer from Virginia
 * Mason Flagg – a dashing, cynical millionaire playboy
 * Cass Kinsolving – a brutal, profane, alcoholic painter from the Deep South
 * Poppy – Cass's petite, long-suffering wife and the mother of his chaotic brood of children
 * Rosemarie – Mason's buxom, sexy girlfriend in Italy
 * Francesca – a desperately poor, beautiful peasant girl who is raped and murdered
 * Luigi – an urbane, thoughtful Italian police officer

Major themes
Like most of Styron's works, Set This House on Fire is concerned with sex and death, as well as with aspects of Styron's personal life—in this case, the experience of growing up in Newport News, Virginia. In a historical context, the secret burden of guilt which Cass Kinsolving bears throughout the novel is intimately connected with the lingering stain of slavery on the conscience of the blood-drenched and guilty South. Ironically, Styron attempts to represent Cass' destruction of Mason as a heroic and redemptive act, even as he resorts to the oldest and most self-pitying stereotypes (the Yankee is a sniveling coward, the Southerner fearless on the field of battle.)

Literary significance and criticism
The novel was a success in France, but received mixed reviews in the US, some of which, such as the New York Times and The New Yorker, criticized its supposed heavy-handedness (particularly in the character of Luigi, a police-officer-cum-philosopher) and slow pacing, thought to detract from the writing. Kirkus Reviews was more favorable, saying that the book was "a complex, ambitious book which sets out to explore the limits and varieties of good and evil and in the process presents a picture of recent American life which is drawn in compelling detail and with strong authority."

title: Set This House on Fire


text: User talk:71.36.220.38

title: User talk:71.36.220.38


text:
Camp Kill Yourself

Camp Kill Yourself may refer to:

 * CKY (band), a rock band from Pennsylvania, United States
 * CKY (video series), a series of videos starring Bam Margera
 * CKY crew, a group of friends and relatives centered around Bam Margera

title: Camp Kill Yourself


text:
Canadian blogosphere

Canadian blogosphere is used to describe the online predominantly English Canadian community of weblogs that is part of the larger blogosphere.

Canada has one of the highest internet penetration rates in the world. Of Canadian internet users, a recent poll suggested that over 42% had read a blog in the previous three months.

Political blogs
Though Canadians compose blogs on many topics, weblogs of a political nature are very popular in Canada. Former prime minister Paul Martin kept a high-profile blog during his campaign for leadership of the Liberal Party. Monte Solberg kept a widely read blog while he was in opposition, but ended blogging after being named Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. Former Jean Chrétien advisor, Warren Kinsella's blog enjoys a similarly high-profile. The contents of political blogs have been used to both defend and attack politicians in Parliament. Canadian comedian Rick Mercer also keeps a blog that frequently pokes fun at Canadian politicians.

Jim Elve of Blogs Canada was the first to create a directory of Canadian blogs in the early part of this decade. Since then Allan Janssen has purchased BlogsCanada after it lay dormant for 4 years, and his company Janssen Marketing is reviving the site with the intention of making it Canada's premier news and blogging aggregator like MYNEWSHUB.COM.

After developing a rich ecosystem of individual bloggers in the early 2000s, the political part of the Canadian blogosphere began to organize itself into larger groupings as MYNEWSHUB.COM based on broad political ideology (left-right politics), party alignment (New Democratic Party, Liberal, Conservative) and geographical location (province or city). Membership in several groups is common.

The largest political blog group are the right leaning Blogging Tories with some 300 blogs, including Small Dead Animals and Stephen Taylor. More recently, Liberal and NDP bloggers, many of whom are Progressive Bloggers, have joined to create Liblogs and New Democrats Online. The environmental Green Bloggers have about 90 Canadian Bloggers. There is also a group of non-partisan Canadian bloggers, committed to no particular party, called The Blogging Alliance of Non-Partisan Canadians. There are also a number of regional blog groups, although most are non-political.

MP Garth Turner's blog is one of two active blogs by Canadian MPs. He was suspended from the Conservative caucus amid allegations of breaching caucus confidentiality on his blog. MP David L. Anderson also has a blog focusing on Western Canadian agricultural issues.

Blogs and authority
In March 2005, full-time Canadian tech blogger Jeremy Wright was detained and strip-searched by U.S. Immigration while crossing into the U.S. because he told officials his occupation was "blogger."

title: Canadian blogosphere


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bioentanglement

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Bioentanglement
No original research. Google turns up 5 results for the phrase, including the wikipedia article. None are reliable sources or peer-reviewed journals. GeeJo 22:48, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Gwk 23:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Dcarrano 01:08, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Fringe "science". Only very well known quackery is encylopedic, IMO.  Friday 14:03, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:Triton-lapon.jpg

Triton (SSRN-586) in October 1998. Lapon (SSN-661) is tied outboard of her.

title: File:Triton-lapon.jpg


text:
Nevada Bell

Nevada Bell Telephone Company, originally Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, is a Nevada telephone provider and it was the Bell System's telephone provider in Nevada. It only provides telephone services to 30% of the state, essentially all of the state outside Las Vegas, where service is provided by Lumen Technologies. Nevada Bell spent nearly all of its history as a subsidiary of Pacific Bell, which is the reason Nevada Bell was not listed in Judge Harold H. Greene's Modification of Final Judgment, starting the breakup of AT&T.

History
Nevada Bell traces its history to 1906, when Pacific Telephone and Telegraph – forerunner of Pacific Bell –  bought the Sunset Telephone and Telegraph Company, one of several early telephone companies in Nevada. In 1913, Pacific Telephone transferred its Nevada operations to the newly formed Bell Telephone Company of Nevada. After the 1984 breakup, its legal name was shortened to Nevada Bell (its popular name for the better part of its history), and it became an operating company of Pacific Telesis alongside Pacific Bell.

Mergers
In 1997, Pacific Telesis Group was acquired by SBC Communications. Although the Pacific Telesis corporate name disappeared fairly quickly, SBC continued to operate the local telephone companies separately under their original names.

In September 2001, SBC rebranded the telephone company "SBC Nevada Bell". In late 2002, the Nevada Bell name disappeared altogether when SBC rebranded all of its operating companies as simply "SBC." Meanwhile, employees of SBC working in Nevada who support SBC's non-regulated services and/or services provided both within and outside Nevada were transferred to other SBC subsidiaries, like "Pacific Telesis Shared Services" and "SBC Operations, Inc." However, for legal and regulatory purposes, employees supporting local regulated services were still employed by "Nevada Bell dba SBC Nevada", which was the SBC subsidiary that provided regulated local telephone services within the franchise territory in Nevada.

On November 18, 2005, SBC completed its acquisition of AT&T Corp. to form AT&T Inc., at which point Nevada Bell began doing business as AT&T Nevada.

title: Nevada Bell


text:
The Essential Byrds

The Essential Byrds is a comprehensive two-CD compilation album by the American rock band the Byrds. It was released in 2003 as part of Sony BMG's The Essential series. The Essential Byrds did not chart in the U.S. or the UK. A 3.0 edition of the compilation released in 2011 contains a third disc with six additional tracks: "Spanish Harlem Incident", "I Knew I'd Want You", "The World Turns All Around Her", "I See You", "Change Is Now", and "One Hundred Years from Now".

Reception
Rob Horning from Popmatters said of the compilation: "Similar to the serial-reissue strategy is the hits-repackaging ruse, except the target here is not the fanatic, but the more casual listener, who buys one hits collection only to discover that important songs are included on some other compilation."

Disc one

 * 1) "Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) – 2:31
 * 2) "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better" (Gene Clark) – 2:32
 * 3) "All I Really Want to Do" (Bob Dylan) – 2:04
 * 4) "Chimes of Freedom" (Bob Dylan) – 3:51
 * 5) "Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)" (Book of Ecclesiastes/Pete Seeger) – 3:51
 * 6) "She Don't Care About Time" [Single Version] (Gene Clark) – 2:30
 * 7) "It Won't Be Wrong" (Roger McGuinn, Harvey Gerst) – 1:59
 * 8) "Set You Free This Time" (Gene Clark) – 2:50
 * 9) "He Was a Friend of Mine" (traditional, new words and arrangement Roger McGuinn) – 2:31
 * 10) "Eight Miles High" (Gene Clark, David Crosby, Roger McGuinn) – 3:36
 * 11) "5D (Fifth Dimension)" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:34
 * 12) "Mr. Spaceman" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:10
 * 13) "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" (Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) – 2:06
 * 14) "Have You Seen Her Face" (Chris Hillman) – 2:41
 * 15) "Renaissance Fair" (David Crosby, Roger McGuinn) – 1:52
 * 16) "My Back Pages" (Bob Dylan) – 3:08

Disc two

 * 1) "Lady Friend" (David Crosby) – 2:31
 * 2) "Old John Robertson [Single Version]" (Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) – 1:54
 * 3) "Goin' Back" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 3:27
 * 4) "Natural Harmony" (Chris Hillman) – 2:12
 * 5) "Wasn't Born to Follow" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 2:03
 * 6) "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere" (Bob Dylan) – 2:35
 * 7) "Hickory Wind" (Gram Parsons, Bob Buchanan) – 3:32
 * 8) "This Wheel's on Fire" (Bob Dylan, Rick Danko) – 4:45
 * 9) "Drug Store Truck Drivin' Man" (Roger McGuinn, Gram Parsons) – 3:54
 * 10) "Ballad of Easy Rider" (Roger McGuinn, Bob Dylan) – 2:04
 * 11) *NOTE: Bob Dylan is not officially credited as a songwriter on "Ballad of Easy Rider".
 * 12) "Jesus Is Just Alright" (Arthur Reynolds) – 2:10
 * 13) "Lover of the Bayou" [Live] (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 3:40
 * 14) "Chestnut Mare" (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 5:08
 * 15) "Glory, Glory" (Arthur Reynolds) – 4:01
 * 16) "I Wanna Grow Up to Be a Politician" (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 2:02
 * 17) "Tiffany Queen" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:41
 * 18) "Farther Along" (traditional, arranged Clarence White) – 2:57

European and Australasian edition
A variation of The Essential Byrds was released outside of the U.S. in 2010, featuring the following alternate track listing:

Disc One

 * 1) "Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) – 2:31
 * 2) "I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better" (Gene Clark) – 2:32
 * 3) "All I Really Want to Do" (Bob Dylan) – 2:04
 * 4) "The Bells of Rhymney" (Idris Davies, Pete Seeger) - 3:32
 * 5) "Chimes of Freedom" (Bob Dylan) – 3:51
 * 6) "Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There Is a Season)" (Book of Ecclesiastes/Pete Seeger) – 3:51
 * 7) "She Don't Care About Time" [Single Version] (Gene Clark) – 2:30
 * 8) "It Won't Be Wrong" (Roger McGuinn, Harvey Gerst) – 1:59
 * 9) "Lay Down Your Weary Tune" (Bob Dylan) - 3:32
 * 10) "Set You Free This Time" (Gene Clark) – 2:50
 * 11) "He Was a Friend of Mine" (traditional, new words and arrangement Roger McGuinn) – 2:31
 * 12) "The Times They Are a-Changin'" (Bob Dylan) - 2:20
 * 13) "Eight Miles High" (Gene Clark, David Crosby, Roger McGuinn) – 3:36
 * 14) "5D (Fifth Dimension)" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:34
 * 15) "Wild Mountain Thyme" (traditional, arranged Roger McGuinn, Chris Hillman, Michael Clarke, David Crosby) - 2:32
 * 16) "Mr. Spaceman" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:10
 * 17) "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" (Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) – 2:06
 * 18) "Have You Seen Her Face" (Chris Hillman) – 2:41
 * 19) "Time Between" (Chris Hillman) - 1:55
 * 20) "Renaissance Fair" (David Crosby, Roger McGuinn) – 1:52
 * 21) "My Back Pages" (Bob Dylan) – 3:08
 * 22) "Everybody's Been Burned" (David Crosby) – 3:05
 * 23) "Triad" (David Crosby) – 3:29
 * 24) "Dolphin's Smile" (David Crosby, Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) - 1:58

Disc Two

 * 1) "Artificial Energy" (Roger McGuinn, Chris Hillman, Michael Clarke) - 2:21
 * 2) "Old John Robertson [Single Version]" (Chris Hillman, Roger McGuinn) – 1:54
 * 3) "Goin' Back" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 3:27
 * 4) "Natural Harmony" (Chris Hillman) – 2:12
 * 5) "Wasn't Born to Follow" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) – 2:03
 * 6) "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere" (Bob Dylan) – 2:35
 * 7) "Hickory Wind" (Gram Parsons, Bob Buchanan) – 3:32
 * 8) "Nothing Was Delivered" (Bob Dylan) - 3:26
 * 9) "This Wheel's on Fire" (Bob Dylan, Rick Danko) – 4:45
 * 10) "Drug Store Truck Drivin' Man" (Roger McGuinn, Gram Parsons) – 3:54
 * 11) "Your Gentle Way of Loving Me" (Gib Guilbeau, Gary Paxton) 2:37
 * 12) "Ballad of Easy Rider" (Roger McGuinn, Bob Dylan) – 2:04
 * 13) *NOTE: Bob Dylan is not officially credited as a songwriter on "Ballad of Easy Rider".
 * 14) "Jesus Is Just Alright" (Arthur Reynolds) – 2:10
 * 15) "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" (Bob Dylan) - 4:55
 * 16) "Lover of the Bayou" [Live] (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 3:40
 * 17) "Chestnut Mare" (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 5:08
 * 18) "Glory, Glory" (Arthur Reynolds) – 4:01
 * 19) "Jamaica Say You Will" (Jackson Browne) - 3:28
 * 20) "I Wanna Grow up to Be a Politician" (Roger McGuinn, Jacques Levy) – 2:02
 * 21) "Tiffany Queen" (Roger McGuinn) – 2:41
 * 22) "Antique Sandy" (Roger McGuinn, Skip Battin, Gene Parsons, Clarence White, Jimmi Seiter) - 2:15
 * 23) "Farther Along" (traditional, arranged Clarence White) – 2:57

Band personnel

 * 1965-'66 - Roger McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Michael Clarke, Chris Hillman
 * 1966-'67 - Roger McGuinn, Chris Hillman, Michael Clarke, David Crosby
 * 1968 - Roger McGuinn, Chris Hillman, Kevin Kelley, Gram Parsons
 * 1969 - Roger McGuinn, Clarence White, Gene Parsons, John York
 * 1970-'72 - Roger McGuinn, Clarence White, Gene Parsons, Skip Battin

title: The Essential Byrds


text:
Old Milwaukee

Old Milwaukee is a brand of American dry lager owned by the Pabst Brewing Company. The brand currently consists of three different brews: Old Milwaukee Lager, Old Milwaukee Light, and Old Milwaukee Non-Alcoholic. Old Milwaukee is brewed throughout the United States and various packages are currently distributed in all 50 U.S. states, many Canadian provinces, and in select international markets.

History
Old Milwaukee Beer was first brewed in the 1930s as a value-priced beer by the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. In 1982, the Schlitz Brewing Company and the Old Milwaukee brand were acquired by Stroh Brewery Company of Detroit. In 2000, Stroh's and all of its beer brands and recipes were acquired by Pabst Brewing Company, where the brand currently resides.

Canada is one exception: in 1999, Sleeman Breweries of Guelph, Ontario (a division of Sapporo Breweries) acquired Stroh Canada, becoming the Canadian manufacturer and distributor of Old Milwaukee. The purchase doubled Sleeman's volumes, although the Old Milwaukee brand competes on lower margins than premium beers.

Accolades
All three Old Milwaukee brews have won top honors at the Great American Beer Festival and the World Beer Cup.

Old Milwaukee Light was awarded the Gold medal in the category American-Style Light Lager at the 2008 World Beer Cup.

All three brews have won numerous awards at the Great American Brew Festival including:

Old Milwaukee Lager

 * 1997 GABF – American-Style Lager – Bronze
 * 1998 GABF – American-Style Lager – Silver
 * 1999 GABF – American-Style Lager – Gold
 * 2003 GABF – American Style Lager – Gold
 * 2004 GABF – American Style Lager – Gold
 * 2010 GABF – American Style Lager – Silver

Old Milwaukee Light:

 * 1997 GABF – American-Style Light Lager – Gold
 * 1999 GABF – American-Style Light Lager – Gold
 * 2003 GABF – American-Style Light Lager – Bronze
 * 2004 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Silver
 * 2005 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Gold
 * 2006 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Gold
 * 2007 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Gold
 * 2008 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Silver
 * 2011 GABF – American Style Light Lager – Gold

Old Milwaukee NA:

 * 1995 GABF Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage – Bronze
 * 1999 GABF – Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage – Gold
 * 2002 GABF – Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage – Silver
 * 2004 GABF – Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage – Gold

Advertising
In 1991, Old Milwaukee ran TV ads featuring the fictional "Swedish Bikini Team".

In 2013, Will Ferrell recorded a series of ads for the company.

In 2014, Old Milwaukee teamed up with the Packard Brothers to create the Pass Me a Beer series. The latest release features Nick Packard and Tim Higgins completing challenging and comedic beer tosses for the Pass Me a Beer Summer Finale.

title: Old Milwaukee


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Creagh

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete all. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Michael Creagh, Amos Badertscher, Mark Abrahamson
Delete. Three photographers who... um... well, that's about it, three photographers. No indicia of encyclopedic notability. -- BD2412 talk 22:50, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanities. Gwk 22:57, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 01:08, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete all, non notable vanity. JamesBurns 07:38, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ""Keep"" Mark Abrahamson & Michael Creagh - 50 names on photo list are bogus, these 2 I've heard of.  Read recent article about Creagh in Retail Ad World User:Fashion101 4:08, 12 July 2005
 * Above vote by anonymous user, 24.239.166.93. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 08:04, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Swedish Bikini Team

The Swedish Bikini Team was a group of American female models who appeared in an advertising campaign for Old Milwaukee beer. These commercials ran for several months in 1991 in the United States, playing with American stereotypes of Scandinavian women being blonde and having big breasts. The premise of the commercials was that a group of bored or thirsty men were "saved" by the Swedish Bikini Team. Other commercials would focus on a group of men male bonding on a hunting trip and saying "Guys, it does not get any better than this", to which a narrator would say the man was wrong and an Old Milwaukee truck would drive miles off road toward them claiming "it improved", "..and when the Swedish Bikini Team showed up, it got somewhat better."

While the campaign generated widespread interest, the advertisements were dropped after protests by the National Organization for Women and female employees of the Pabst Brewing Company.

While this advertising campaign provoked controversy, similar campaigns using attractive spokesmodels to sell beverages have followed in the U.S., with less resistance — such as the Coors twins Diane and Elaine Klimaszewski, and the "Fantanas": spokesmodels for Fanta soft drinks.

Members of the team
The Swedish Bikini Team had Danish and Norwegian surnames and were played by American actresses wearing platinum blonde wigs.

 * Uma Thorensen — Avalon Anders
 * Karin Kristensen — Suzanna Keller
 * Hilgar Oblief — Heather Elizabeth Parkhurst
 * Eva Jacobsen — Jane Frances
 * Ulla Swensen — Peggy Trentini

Other appearances
The team appeared outside of the commercial campaign on several occasions including on the cover and a pictorial in Playboy and on a Married... with Children episode, "The Gas Station Show". They also had a non speaking appearance on a schooner on an episode of The Adventures of Mark and Brian, where Mark and Brian underwent US Coast Guard training and were attempting to impress the girls by being coasties and asking if they needed rescuing (to which their jet ski then embarrassingly capsizes).

The team, played by different actresses, also starred in the video Never Say Never Mind: The Swedish Bikini Team with John Rhys-Davies.

Team member Heather Elizabeth Parkhurst appeared on Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor podcast on April 22, 2015 and discussed the Swedish Bikini Team at length.

In popular culture
The idea of a "Swedish Bikini Team" has endured in popular culture, despite Sweden never fielding such a group. The movies Dumb and Dumber, Beerfest and Boat Trip include female Swedish teams, inspired by the originals.

title: Swedish Bikini Team


text:
Derby Gaol

The term Derby Gaol historically refers to the five gaols in Derby, England. Today, the term usually refers to one of two small ‘tourist attractions’, the gaol which stood on Friar Gate from 1756 to 1846 and the cells of which still exist and are open to the public. Their possible location, size and function have been assigned for the attraction, alongside a modern kitchen and bar. The 1843 to 1929 Vernon Street Prison whose frontage can still be seen today, but has been the prison has been redeveloped for modern commercial use.

History
In 1652 the Cornmarket Gaol (no longer extant) was the site of the imprisonment of George Fox on charges of blasphemy. Fox became the founder of the Christian denomination the Religious Society of Friends, perhaps better known as the Quakers. It has been alleged that Judge Bennett of Derby first used the term Quaker to describe the movement, as they bid him to 'quake for fear of the Lord', but the phrase had already been used in the context of other religious groups so the etymology is dubious.

The last person to be hanged at Derby Gaol was William Slack on 16 July 1907 for the murder of Lucy Wilson.

Friar Gate Gaol
The Friar Gate Gaol was site of many hangings, and the small attraction today displays reproduction newspaper accounts of the executions on the walls, a replica of a gallows which stood in front of the building can be located in the small garden of the gaol. The police museum has subsequently closed.

The New County Gaol (Vernon Street Prison)
The Vernon Street Prison served as the County Gaol from 1843 to 1919, at which time it was demolished. The last public execution at Derby of Richard Thorley for the murder of Eliza Morrow took place here in 1862. From 1919 to 1929 the prison acted as a military prison. Following demolition, the site served as a Derby Greyhound Stadium, and today contains prestige offices, though the historical facade still remains.

Notable prisoners

 * Jeremiah Brandreth - High Treason
 * Humphrey Berisford - Recusant

title: Derby Gaol


text:
File:AreYouThereGod.jpg

Summary
Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. book cover

Licensing
Rationale for the only use: It is the book cover of Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret. As such, the non-free fair use template applies specifically and directly to this usage. Something needs to be done about the rogue Betacommandbot. Signed: Bellwether B  C  17:07, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: File:AreYouThereGod.jpg


text:
Vorstadt

In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a Vorort (suburb).

Historically, a Vorstadt ("suburb" in German) was a settlement outside the city walls, sometimes dedicated to specific trades. Later, large Vorstädte appeared in Gründerzeit era. Places named Vorstadt include Vorstadt (Königsberg) and Oranienburger Vorstadt.

Its French equivalent is faubourg, the Dutch equivalent is Voorstad, e.g. Voorstad St. Jacob in Roermond.

Vienna
In Vienna, the historical Vorstädte need to be distinguished from the Vororte. The Vorstädte were located outside the city walls, but within the Linienwall, a second ring of fortifications outside the city. The city walls were located in the place of the modern Ringstraße, while the Linienwall has been removed to give way for the Gürtel (both being rings of streets around the central city). The Vorstädte therefore correspond to the so-called "inner districts" of Vienna (2nd to 9th and 20th districts).

title: Vorstadt


text:
Belfield Park

Belfield Park was a sports venue in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland which was the home ground of University College Dublin A.F.C. from 1930 until 2007. It was previously a walled garden of Belfield House.

The ground was officially opened in August 1971 as Shamrock Rovers defeated a Mick Meagan XI.

It had capacity for 2,500 people, including 1,448 seats. It was located on the western edge of the Belfield campus off Foster's Avenue. The main stand was the covered AIB Stand, while the Foster's Avenue End, which had been closed for 2 seasons because the wooden floorboards were unsafe in wet weather, was re-opened for the 2007 League of Ireland season with the bucket seats from the old Lansdowne Road stadium.

The stadium played host to under-age Ireland international matches and senior international training sessions on occasion as well as hosting some games in the 1994 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship. Shamrock Rovers and Dublin City F.C. also played League of Ireland Cup games against UCD at Belfield Park.

300 extra seats were temporarily added for the 2005 League Cup final against Derry City, which, together with the opening of the hill, increased capacity to 2,500.

UCD left Belfield Park after the 2007 season as plans for a ground share with the rugby team in the UCD Bowl came to fruition. The move was expected to take place as early as October 2007 but did not happen until the start of the 2008 League of Ireland. Belfield Park is being developed by the college as the University Biotechnology Centre.

title: Belfield Park


text:
Noke (worms)

Noke is a culinary term used by the Māori of New Zealand to refer to earthworms. Some types of native worms (called noke whiti and noke kurekure in Māori) are historically local delicacies reserved for chiefs because of their sweet flavour, which was said to "remain in the mouth for two days". Another notable kind of worm, the noke waiū (possibly Octochaetus multiporus), was prized as eel fishing bait due to its large size and bioluminescence. Noke has more recently become a popular trend at certain New Zealand wild food festivals, where it is often served in modern fusion dishes such as worm sushi and chocolate truffles with crystallized worm.

According to Māori mythology, the trickster Māui once transformed himself into a noke worm in order to crawl into the womb of the underworld goddess Hine-nui-te-pō and gain everlasting life. Due to its having characteristics of both males and females, it was considered divine.

title: Noke (worms)


text: User:Bertly

title: User:Bertly


text:
Ian Dorricott

Ian J. Dorricott (born 1949 in Brisbane, Australia) is an Australian composer for school music texts and stage musicals.

Dorricott attended West Bundaberg State School, Bundaberg State High School and the University of Queensland. He earned a B. A. (Hons.)/B. Music and A. Music from the University of Queensland in 1971. His teaching experience includes Yeronga High School, Brisbane Girls Grammar School and St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace.

Publications
Ian has written and co-written several primary and secondary music texts. His secondary texts are the most widely used music texts in Australia. They include:

 * Exploring Film Music (McGraw-Hill) [Yrs 9-12] (with Bernice Allan)
 * Listen to the Music (McGraw-Hill) [Yr 7-8]
 * In Tune with Music, Books 1, 2 and 3 (McGraw-Hill) [Yrs 9-12] (with Bernice Allan)
 * Music: A Creative Approach, Books 1 and 2 (Art House) [Yrs 11-12] (with Bernice Allan)
 * The World of Music, Books 1 and 2 (Reed International Books) [Yrs 5-6] (with Lenore Bateman)

Ian has written the music for several musicals which have been performed by over 1,000 schools and drama groups both in Australia and internationally. These musicals, published and controlled by Maverick Musicals, include:

 * Man of Steel (1978)
 * Sheer Luck Holmes (1980)
 * Sheik, Rattle and Roll (1980)
 * Bats (1983)
 * The Circus (1985)
 * Smithy (1986)
 * Pollies (1989)
 * Go Noah! (1992)
 * Henry (1993)
 * His Majestyís Pleasure (1994)
 * The Pommy Baronet (1999)
 * Curse of the Mummy (2000)
 * Min Min (2000)

His Majestyís Pleasure and The Pommy Baronet are written for adult performers. Man of Steel is the most staged theatrical work in Australia and in terms of numbers of performances, Dorricott is the most-performed contemporary theatre composer in Australia.

title: Ian Dorricott