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Brentwood College School

Brentwood College School is a co-educational boarding school. Brentwood is located on Vancouver Island in Mill Bay, British Columbia, Canada.

History
Brentwood was first founded in 1923. The original location was in Brentwood Bay near Saanich on Vancouver Island, from where its name was derived. The original school was destroyed by a fire in 1947, leaving only the chapel intact. The current school is located westward directly across the bay from the original site, in Mill Bay. The new version of the school opened in September 1961. In 1972, Brentwood College became the first all-boys boarding school in Canada to gradually integrate girls, starting with 20 grade 12 students, becoming officially co-ed for the fall session.

Campus

Brentwood's 77-acre oceanfront campus has a dozen tennis courts, four rugby fields, eight student residences, two academic buildings, a rowing boathouse, laundry facilities, a cafeteria, a sportsplex, and a health centre.

Sustainable buildings
Brentwood's sustainable building use a geothermal loop for heating and cooling as part of the school's commitment to sustainable energy.

T. Gil Bunch Centre
In 2003, the T. Gil Bunch Centre was built. This 20000 sqft facility includes a 431-seat theatre, dance studio, media arts room, green room, four dressing rooms, and other production related spaces as well as a music suite.

Art and Mary Jane Crooks Hall
In 2010, Crooks Hall was built featuring an oceanfront dining room and student services centre that seats 350 people at rectangular tables. Crooks Hall also houses The Saville Centre for Business and Entrepreneurship, School Store, and Laundry and Mail Services.

Centre for Arts and Humanities
In 2012, Brentwood added a new facility to house the school's fine arts programs and humanities courses. This building is 30,000 sq. ft., located on Brentwood's oceanfront, and houses 16,000 sq.ft. of visual arts studios, two digital media studios, and a 25' high entrance leading into a long corridor art gallery.

Curriculum
Brentwood offers university preparatory education from grade 8 to 12. Brentwood has been ranked consistently as one of the top academic high schools in British Columbia. Students participate in Brentwood's tripartite program (academics, arts, and athletics). All graduates attend post-secondary education (78% to their first choice of university). The most popular countries for post-secondary education are Canada, Scotland, England, and the United States. Brentwood's 2015 graduates received offers from over 138 universities with 678 offers of admission, including Oxford University, Duke University, Brown University, Colgate University, Queen's University, University of Victoria, University of British Columbia, and University of St Andrews.

Students can take British Columbia provincial examinations, Advanced Placement exams, courses and the American SAT prep tutorials.

Extracurricular activities, clubs, and organizations

 * Grad Committee- Organizes social events throughout the year- funds raised go to the Grad Bursary Fund (GRAD)
 * Student Activities Council (SAC)
 * Student Executive Council (SEC)
 * Student Peer Assistance Resource Counselors (SPARC)
 * Brentwood Environmental Action Team (BEAT)
 * Open-Minded Non-Discriminatory INDIVIDUALS in support of our LGBTQ community (OMNI)

Scholarships
Currently, the school offers bursaries, financial aid, and The Governor's Entrance Scholarship to eligible Canadian students. Approximately 20% of students receive some type of financial assistance.

Highlights

 * 2016 Jr. Boys Basketball Provincial Champions
 * 2015 Sr. Boys Soccer Provincial Champions
 * 2009 Rowing Boys Overall Points National Champions
 * 2009 Rowing Junior Boys National Champions (4 Gold)
 * 2009 Provincial Champions, Girls' Rugby
 * 2009, 2008 Provincial Champions, Boys' Rugby
 * 2008 Canadian Junior Boys & Junior Girls National High School Champions, Rowing
 * 2007 Sr. Girls Volleyball Provincial Champions
 * 2006 Sr. Girls Volleyball Provincial Champions
 * 2007 Finalist, Henley Royal Regatta, England, Rowing
 * 2007 Rowing Senior Men National Champions (8 and 4)
 * 2007 Rugby Provincial Finalists, Boys' Rugby
 * 2006, 2003, 2002, 2000 Canadian Men's National High School Champions, Rowing
 * 2006 Provincial, Vancouver Island and ISA Champions, Girls' Volleyball
 * 2005 Canadian Junior Boys' National High School Champions, Rowing
 * 2005, 2004 Provincial Girls' Rugby Champions (Tier 2)
 * 2004, 2001, 2000 Provincial Tennis Champions
 * 2003 Canadian Women's National High School Lightweight Champions, Rowing
 * 2003 Canadian Champions - Overall points - Girls - Rowing
 * 2001, 2000 Canadian National High School Champions, Rowing

Rowing

Brentwood College has been continuing to gain a sound reputation in the rowing world. Brentwood College graduates include 2008 Beijing Olympic medalists Scott Frandsen (Class of 1998), Dave Calder (Class of 1996) in the Men's Heavyweight 2- event, and Malcolm Howard (Class of 2001) in the Men's Heavyweight 8+ event.

Brentwood has hosted its own regatta annually since the early 1970s, inviting high schools and junior clubs across Canada and the United States to participate in a 1,500 metre sprint. The regatta is held every year in April for three days. The Brentwood regatta is a large high school rowing regatta, attracting over 1,500 athletes and coaches in 2009.

Notable alumni

 * Lieutenant Commander John H Stubbs (1930) – WWII commander of HMCS Athabaskan
 * Hon. Alastair Gillespie, P.C. O.C. (1941) – senior member of Pierre Trudeau's cabinet
 * Dr. Wade Davis (1971) – ethnobotanist, author, and activist
 * Capt. Chris Van Vliet (1979) - Member of the Snowbirds Aerobatic fleet (2000-2001)

Olympic athletes

 * Ian Roberts-Equestrian
 * Blair Horn - Rower
 * Harold Backer - Rower
 * Darren Barber - Rower
 * David Calder - Rower
 * Tom Herschmiller - Rower
 * Scott Frandsen - Rower
 * Connor Grimes - Hockey Player
 * Malcolm Howard - Rower

Affiliations

 * CAIS - Canadian Accredited Independent Schools
 * FISA - Federation of Independent School Associations
 * NAIS - National Association of Independent Schools
 * SSATB - Secondary School Admission Test Board
 * TABS - The Association of Boarding Schools
 * WBSA - Western Boarding Schools Association

title: Brentwood College School


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Blood and Wine

Blood and Wine is a 1996 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Bob Rafelson and starring Jack Nicholson, Stephen Dorff, Jennifer Lopez, Judy Davis, and Michael Caine. The screenplay was written by Nick Villiers and Alison Cross. Rafelson has stated that the film forms the final part of his unofficial trilogy with Nicholson, with whom he made Five Easy Pieces and The King of Marvin Gardens in the 1970s.

Plot
Alex Gates is a Miami wine merchant who has distanced himself from his wife Suzanne with his philandering, and from his stepson Jason with his indifference. Suzanne is recovering from breaking her ankle after falling downstairs while drunk.

Heavily in debt, Alex hatches a plan to steal a valuable diamond necklace from the house of his clients, the Reese family, where his Cuban mistress Gabriela works. He cases the house during a wine delivery with Jason, who works in Alex's business. Jason becomes attracted to Gabriela, unaware of her relationship with his stepfather.

On the day of the heist, Alex and his partner Victor, a British safe-cracker, arrive at the house under the pretense that the Reeses' wine cellar needs repairs. Gabriela was supposed to let them in, but she was fired the day before. Fortunately, Alex had cultivated a relationship with the security guard and is able to convince him to let them inside. Victor sends Alex and the guard off on an errand while he works on the safe, but a second guard becomes suspicious, although Victor is able to complete the job before being discovered.

The pair decide that Alex will pawn the necklace in New York City, and he invites Gabriela to go with him. As he is packing, Suzanne happens upon his airline tickets and immediately realizes he is having another affair. The two get into a physical altercation and Suzanne knocks him out with her walking stick. Panicking, Suzanne empties out his suitcase, where he has hidden the necklace, and uses it for her own clothing. She and Jason flee to the Florida Keys. Upon arriving, they discover the necklace, but Suzanne doesn't want to keep it. Jason has it appraised and discovers it is worth $1 million. He also visits Gabriela back in Miami, giving her the phone number of the place where they are staying.

Victor and Alex visit Jason's friend Henry in an attempt to learn Jason's whereabouts. Victor, who is dying of tuberculosis and determined to profit from the heist, assaults Henry before Alex realizes he doesn't know anything. The pair contact various jewelers to be on the lookout for the necklace and get a report from Jason's appraiser. Arriving in Key Largo, Victor pretends to flirt with Suzanne, but Jason, who has gotten a description of Henry's assailant, realizes who he is. After a fight, Jason flees with his mother in their car. Victor and Alex give chase and cause an accident that kills Suzanne. Although injured, Jason discharges himself from the hospital and returns to Miami to kill his stepfather, only to find Gabriela in Alex's bed. After a brief argument, the two reconcile.

Alex discovers Jason and Gabriela the next morning, and accuses her of sleeping with his stepson. Victor confronts Jason, who tricks him into thinking that he has returned the necklace to Alex. Victor goes to Alex's house and attacks him before collapsing from exhaustion, whereupon Alex smothers Victor with a pillow. Jason returns to find Victor floating in the pool. Searching his pockets, he finds the photo of Alex holding the pilfered necklace. That night, Jason shows the necklace to Gabriela and confesses that he used one stone to help buy the cabin cruiser from his friend, Henry. The next day, she calls Alex and they search Jason's boat, but Jason, anticipating this, confronts them and he and Alex fight.

Eventually, Jason crushes Alex between the boat and the dock, severely injuring him, before fleeing the scene. Gabriela, who had fled with the necklace, returns and leaves it with Alex, insisting that she doesn't want it, but takes one of the diamonds before she leaves. With an ambulance and the police on the way, a defeated Alex realizes he has no choice but to dispose of the necklace and throws it into the ocean. Unbeknownst to him, Jason has hidden the incriminating photo in a travel bag that the police will certainly search. The film ends with Jason, alone on the boat, sailing off into the setting sun on the horizon.

Cast

 * Jack Nicholson as Alex Gates
 * Stephen Dorff as Jason
 * Jennifer Lopez as Gabriela
 * Judy Davis as Suzanne Gates
 * Michael Caine as Victor Spansky
 * Harold Perrineau Jr. as Henry
 * Robyn Peterson as Dina Reese
 * Mike Starr as Mike
 * John Seitz as Frank Reese
 * Marc Macaulay as Guard
 * Dan Daily as Todd
 * Marta Velasco as Gabriela's Cousin

Production
British producer Jeremy Thomas was attracted to work with Rafelson due to what he perceived as the director's European sensibilities. He later remembered:

"It was a different experience for me, because growing up as an independent producer it was difficult to interact with a corporate system. But then I got this screenplay which had Jack Nicholson attached to it and Bob Rafelson, who I knew quite well, and so I thought, I had never gone near a genre-type of film and so maybe I will try some noir-ish sort of film, set in Miami, which is the flavour of Hollywood, and see if we can do it. It was certainly an incredible cast, and I sold the film to 20th Century Fox, and I had a moment of flirtation with a studio movie type of film. I am very fond of the film."

Blood and Wine was shot in Miami, South Florida and the Florida Keys, including some scenes at the Caribbean Club in Key Largo. Alex's family home is located in the Coral Gables/Pinecrest area. Gabriela is shown to live in Little Havana. The Reeses live in Millionaire's Row in Miami Beach. Their house is next to Indian Creek and has a view of Collins Avenue. Jason's fishing boat is anchored in the Miami River, near Downtown Miami. Before the dance scene between Alex and Gabriela, we see a view of Southeast Financial Center in Downtown Miami.

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 63% of 32 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 6.1/10. David Rooney of Variety called it "an amusingly caustic, straight-up serving of film noir staples spiced with star charisma". Film critic Roger Ebert wrote, "Blood & Wine is a richly textured crime picture based on the personalities of men who make their living desperately. Jack Nicholson and Michael Caine are the stars, as partners in a jewel theft that goes wrong in a number of ways, each way illustrating deep flaws in how they choose to live." Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle rated it 2/4 stars and wrote, "Blood & Wine has elements of classic film noir – but it's film noir with a sledgehammer and none of the genre's suggestiveness or style."

Caine won Best Actor at the San Sebastian International Film Festival.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Blood and Wine


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Kingdom of Jimma

The Kingdom of Jimma (Mootummaa Jimmaa) was an Oromo Muslim kingdom in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century. It shared its western border with Limmu-Ennarea, its eastern border with the Sidamo Kingdom of Janjero, and was separated from the Kingdom of Kaffa to the south by the Gojeb River. Jimma was considered the most powerful militarily of the Gibe kingdoms.

Establishment
According to legend, a number of Oromo groups (variously given from five to 10) were led to Jimma by a great sorceress and Queen named Makhore, who carried a boku (usually connected with the abba boku, or headman of the Oromo Gadaa system) which when placed on the ground would cause the earth to tremble and men to fear. It is said that with this boku, she drove the Kaffa people living in the area across the Gojeb River. While this suggests that the Oromo invaders drove the original inhabitants from the area, Herbert S. Lewis notes that Oromo society was inclusionist, and the only ethnic differences they made are reflected in the history of various kinship groups.

Eventually, the Oromo grew unhappy with Makhore's rule, and through a ruse, deprived her of her virginity, and destroyed her power. The various groups then pursued their own courses, loosely bound into a confederation that held councils at Hulle, where laws were passed under the abba boku; at this point, Jimma was commonly referred to as Jimma Kaka.

At first, the Badi of Saqqa were the predominant clan (which led to the alternate name of Jimma Badi), but late in the 18th century another group, the Diggo of Mana, began to extend their domain, conquering the Lalo clan who lived around Jiren, and gaining access to the market and trade center at Hirmata (later called Jimma). Mohammed Hassen believes that the Badi lost their predominant position in part due to raids by king Abba Bagido of Limmu-Ennarea, but also due to constant infighting. It was during the reign of Abba Jifar I that the kingdom of Jimma coalesced, and after this time Jimma was frequently referred to as Jimma Abba Jifar. King Abba Jifar also converted to Islam, and began the long process of also converting his entire kingdom to that religion. Herbert S. Lewis credits Abba Jifar with having initiated "many administrative and political innovations", despite the lack of specific historical evidence. According to oral tradition, Abba Jifar claimed the right to the extensive areas of the newly conquered land as well as virgin or unused land, which he both kept for himself and used to reward his family, followers and favorites. He reportedly constructed at least five palaces in different parts of Jimma. The historian Mordechai Abir notes that between the years 1839 and 1841 of his reign, Abba Jifar fought with Abba Bagido, the King of Limmu-Ennarea, over the district of Badi-Folla. The area was important for control of the caravan route between the Kingdom of Kaffa on the one hand, and the provinces of Gojjam and Shewa on the other. While the two Kings negotiated a peace in 1841, and sealed the treaty with the marriage of Abba Jifar's daughter to Abba Bagido's son Abba Dula, the Jimma King eventually conquered Badi-Folla (1847) and secured control over this important caravan route.

Under King Abba Gomol, the ancient Kingdom of Garo was conquered and annexed into Jimma. King Gomol settled wealthy men from his kingdom in the former state. He also brought important men from Garo to live at Jiren, thus integrating the two polities.

It was shortly after his son Abba Jifar II assumed the throne that the power of the neguses of Shewa began to reach into the Gibe region for the first time in centuries. As Lewis notes, "Borrelli, Franzoj and other travellers accorded him little hope of retaining his kingdom for long." However, heeding the wise advice of his mother Gumiti, he submitted to Menelik II, and agreed to pay tribute to the negus, and counseled his neighboring kings to do the same. Although Hadiya state initially surrendered to the Abyssinians, opposition grew quickly and a resistance movement formed under their new leader Hassan Enjamo, numerous nobles of the Jimma kingdom including the brother of king Abba Jifar joined the militia in Hadiya.

King Abba Jifar instead found himself enthusiastically helping the Shewan king conquer his neighbors: Kullo in 1889, Walamo in 1894, and Kaffa in 1897. In 1928, the tribute of Jimma amounted to MTT87,000 and an additional MTT15,000 for the army.

Following the death of Abba Jifar II, Emperor Haile Selassie seized the opportunity to finally annex Jimma. As Harold Marcus observes, the kingdom's "autonomy had been undermined by the declining world economy, the deteriorating health of its ruler, the road that slowly advanced from Addis Abeba, the advent of air power, and the transcendent needs of modern, centralized power." On 5 May 1932, the official newspaper Berhanena Selam editorialized that the kingdom was in danger because her king, Abba Jifar, was old and ill and his grandson and heir no longer properly obeyed the central government and was using the kingdom's revenues to build up an army. Seven days later, on 12 May, 400 soldiers and a team of administrators descended upon Jimma and brought the kingdom to an end. During the reorganization of the provinces in 1942, the last administrative traces of the kingdom vanished into Kaffa Province.

Administration
The Kingdom of Jimma had its own administration, which was centered at the royal palace. An officer referred to as the azazi ("the orderer") served there as the head. His function at the court was essentially that of a majordomo, exclusively overseeing domestic palace affairs. The azazi maintained a number of treasuries, and dispensed funds to cover court-related expenses. The palace also housed professional soldiers, whom the azazi had the power to assign infrastructural maintenance chores to. Other officers oversaw other day-to-day activities at the palace, including artisanal labor and royal court guest hospitality.

Like the other Gibe kingdoms, Jimma's ruler King Abba Jifar also owned many slaves. They served as officials in the royal palace, where they attended to the needs of the King's wives and supervised the abattoir and meal preparation, among other activities. The slaves also acted as jailers, market judges, and stewards of the King's territories. Additionally, they sometimes served as governors of a province, though this position was usually given to wealthy nagadras (chief of trade and markets).

At noon, the King, his retinue, court officials and guests dined together at the mana sank'a ("house of the table"). It consisted of a great hall with several large round wooden tables. The King and 20 to 30 other individuals sat around the main table, with the remaining tables ranked in importance according to how close they were positioned to the King. During the evening, the King typically dined alone with one of his wives, and often summoned instrumentalists or Arab merchants with a gramophone for musical accompaniment.

Economy
In Jimma, Maria Theresa Thalers and salt blocks called amoleh were used as currency until the reign of Emperor Menelik II.

Coffee (Coffea arabica) became a major cash crop in Jimma only in the reign of King Abba Jifar II. Another source of income was the extraction of oil from civets, which was used to make perfume.

title: Kingdom of Jimma


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File:MIA Bucky Done Gun.jpg

Summary
Cover of the M.I.A. song "Bucky Done Gun" (XL Recordings)

Fair use Rationale for "Bucky Done Gun":
 * 1) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 2) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 3) The cover art is important and illustrates information on the single's article page.
 * 4) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 5) The cover is being used here for informational purposes only.

title: File:MIA Bucky Done Gun.jpg


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Gatha (India)

Gāthā is a Sanskrit term for 'song' or 'verse', especially referring to any poetic metre which is used in legends or folklores, and is not part of the Vedas but peculiar to either Epic Sanskrit or to Prakrit. The word is originally derived from the Sanskrit/Prakrit root gai, which means 'to speak, sing, recite or extol', cognate to the Avestan term gatha.

The stanzas of the Prakrit dialects of Ardhamagadhi, Sauraseni and Pāli are known as gathas as opposed to shlokas and sutras of Sanskrit and dohas of Apabhramsha. Most of the Jain and Buddhist texts written in Prakrit are composed of gathas (or verses/stanzas).

Thus, gatha can mean any Prakrit and Pali verses in general, or specifically the arya meter of Sanskrit; versified portions of Pāli Canon (Tipitaka) of Theravāda Buddhism are also specifically called gathas.

In contemporary Buddhist practice as popularized (and derived from the Zen and Theravādin traditions) by Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh, a gatha is a verse recited (usually mentally, not aloud) in rhythm with the breath as part of mindfulness practice, either in daily life, or as part of meditation or meditative study.

title: Gatha (India)


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Talk:37th Armor Regiment

Large Article, Should we split?
This article is ~30KB, and is only going to get much longer. I think maybe we should summarize the regiment's WWII history here, and move the bulk of is to a new article like "US 37th Armor Regiment in WWII". Your thoughts? Marktaff 23:10, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

My thoughts are this article degenerates into a real mess towards the end--lifts without editing, the same material posted twice within a paragraph of each other but in different sections, edit sections all over the place, unnecessary personally comments amid obvious transfers...too much to do right now, I'll try edits later.--Buckboard 08:55, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree it gets messy towards the end, as of late. I find that some editors are trying to overemphasize the importance of their own little section. Full Disclosure: I served with 4-37 AR in ODS.  I will fix it. Marktaff 05:32, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I like the fact that it's a large article. The 37th Armor is one of the most storied and decorated armor units in the U.S.Army - I don't see a need to break up the page - it's nice to see all the history in one place.  Btw-I recently changed/added the 1-37 Desert Storm history, the bulk of which can be found in a US Army War College paper written by my former battalion commander, LTC Edward L. Dyer. It is posted in the unit history project section of www.1-37armor.net JDinRI 16:18, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

A quick note to the creator of the page. I am an armor officer and was looking for some information on my old unit (1-37 and 4-67 Armor BN's), and need to correct a comment on the picture of the M1A1 Heavy in the upper right corner of the page. The bumper number A-65 does not refer to the 65th tank in the company or battalion. It is a representation of the company, the platoon, and the tank itself. "A" refers to Charlie Company (1st Company in the Battalion), "6" refers to the HQ platoon, and "5" refers to the executive officer's tank (since all executive officers are refered to as "5's" over the radio). So you get: "A-65", the executive officer's tank in the HQ platoon of A Company.

 * Task Force Baum is a well-documented enough event to warrant making it into its own article, in my opinion. --WTStoffs

page move
I moved the page to U.S. 37th Armor Regiment because the other articles about U.S. military units have "U.S." and not US.--Kross | Talk 11:22, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Moving battalion blurbs
This article is about the *entire* regiment, not just the two currently active battalions. Please put battalion-specific stuff in the existing sections, not at the top of the page. Thanks. Marktaff 23:03, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Nomenclature vs. Article Names
On all articles listing US units, the article name invariably says "U.S. xxth Armor Regiment", "xxd Cavalry Regiment", or "xxrd Infantry Regiment". The word Regiment is in error and superfluous in all of these. The explanation that it is a regiment is within the opening paragraph, but "Regiment" is not part of the name of the unit. I'd like to see all the article names standardized (I have no problem with the "U.S." pre-designator) to reflect the actual name by which the unit is known--changing it to the prejudices of others seems to defeat the purpose of an encyclopedia. For example: Coldstream Guards. In the U.S. it's the same thing.--Buckboard 09:01, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The "U.S." string is required to distinguish between US units and units of other countries who would otherwise have the same designation. As for "Regiment", it is indeed a part of the unit's name--it is the noun that "37th" and "Armor" modify.  That fact that a regiment is largely used for heraldic purposes, as opposed to maneuver units like a company or a brigade, doesn't change anything.  I can't speak for the British Army units, but in the US, "Regiment" in indeed part of the name.  Either that or all my old orders, medals, etc are all in error, (and by extention the US Institute of Heraldry, the organization responsible for such matters). While there is no 37th Armor Regiment maneuver unit, there *is* a 37th AR Regimental Commander, typically the Battalion Commander of the oldest currently active regimental battalion.  That is probably the 1st Battalion commander, as of 2006, but don't hold me to that;-). Marktaff 06:00, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Abraham A. Baum in the infobox
This is Abraham J. Baum, of the Task Force Baum who was an S-3 of the 10th Armored Infantry Battalion, so not really that notable with the regiment although he did command a few of the regiment's troops during that particular operation.--mrg3105 (comms) ♠ ♥ ♦ ♣ 01:43, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:37th Armor Regiment


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Libeccio

The libeccio (Leveche ; lebić ; llebeig ; Lbiċ; λίβας ; labech ) is the westerly or south-westerly wind which predominates in northern Corsica all year round; it frequently raises high seas and may give violent westerly squalls. In summer it is most persistent, but in winter it alternates with the Tramontane (north-east or north). The word libeccio is Italian, coming from Greek through Latin, and originally means "Libyan".

The direction of the Libeccio is mostly from south-east, south or south-west, and it occurs along the coast from Cabo de Gata to Cap de la Nau, and even beyond Málaga for a distance of some 16 km inland.

title: Libeccio


text:
File:Donnie Darko Soundtrack Album Cover.jpg

Summary
Album cover for Donnie Darko (2002), the soundtrack to the film Donnie Darko (2001). Taken from www.film.org.pl.


text:
Don't Tread on Me (311 song)

"Don't Tread on Me" is a single by the group 311, the first released from (and title track to) their eighth studio album. The single, an original composition written by the band's members, was released in 2005. It became their seventh top-five hit on the Billboard Alternative chart.

title: Don't Tread on Me (311 song)


text:
Jeju Air

Jeju Air Co., Ltd., is the first and largest South Korean low-cost airline. It is also a founding member of the Value Alliance. In addition to air service, the group is also the owner of a Holiday Inn Express in Seoul. The airline is named for Jeju Island.

History
The airline was established as a joint venture by Aekyung Group and the Jeju Island government on January 25, 2005. It was established under a different Korean name (a transliteration of "Jeju Air"). It received a business license in August 25, 2005, which made it the third major airline in the country after Korean Air and Asiana Airlines. On September 20, 2005, it changed its Korean name to its current form. It acquired its first aircraft on May 2, 2006, and had its first commercial flight, on the Jeju-Gimpo route, on June 5, 2006. By the end of 2006, it had five aircraft.

In 2016, it helped found Value Alliance, the world's first pan-regional low-cost carrier (LCC) alliance, comprising eight Asia Pacific LCCs. In 2017, Jeju Air carried over 60 million passengers, with revenue reported of $890mm US operating profits over $80mm US. In 2018, Jeju Air carried 7.3 million international passengers along with 4.7 million domestic passengers. Its domestic traffic has been relatively flat since 2016 as it has focused almost entirely on international expansion.

Jeju Air flight operations were affected by the coronavirus outbreak. In November 2020, there were approximately 3,100 employees at the airline. In August 2021, Jeju Air sold stock, raising $180 million for financing operations.

Destinations
Jeju Air offers scheduled domestic services, as well as international destinations including China, Japan, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.

Codeshare agreements
Jeju Air codeshares with the following airlines.

 * Jetstar
 * Lion Air

Current fleet
, Jeju Air operates an all-Boeing 737 fleet composed of the following aircraft:

Accidents and incidents

 * On 12 August 2007, Jeju Air Flight 502, a De Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 (registered HL5256) had performed a runway overshoot at Gimhae International Airport. All 74 passengers and 5 crews survived, but 6 passengers suffered minor injuries. Jeju Air Flight 502 is the first and the only incident of Jeju Air.

title: Jeju Air


text:
HM Capital Partners

HM Capital Partners was a private equity firm in the United States that specialized in leveraged buyouts. The firm was previously known as Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst. It was founded in 1989 by Tom Hicks and John Muse as Hicks, Muse & Co. and was changed in 1994 to reflect the roles of Charles Tate and Jack Furst.

Hicks & Haas
The son of a Texas radio station owner, Tom Hicks became interested in leveraged buyouts as a member of First National Bank's venture capital group. Hicks and Robert Haas formed Hicks & Haas in 1984; the next year that firm bought Hicks Communications, a radio outfit run by Hicks' brother Steven. (This would be the first of several media companies bought or created by the buyout firm that involved Steven Hicks.)

Hicks & Haas' biggest coup was its mid-1980s acquisition of several soft drink makers, including Dr Pepper and 7 Up. The firm took Dr Pepper/7 Up public just 18 months after merging the two companies. In all, Hicks & Haas turned an $88 million investment funding into $1.3 billion. The pair split up in 1989; Hicks wanted to raise a large pool to invest, but Haas preferred to work deal by deal. Robert Haas went on to form Haas Wheat & Partners a middle market private equity firm based in Dallas.

Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst (HMTF)
Hicks raised $250 million in 1989 and teamed with former Prudential Securities banker John Muse to form Hicks Muse. Early investments included Life Partners Group (life insurance, 1990; sold 1996). In 1991 Morgan Stanley's Charles Tate and First Boston's Jack Furst became partners.

As part of its buy-and-build strategy, Hicks Muse bought DuPont's connector systems unit in 1993, renamed it Berg Electronics, added six more companies to it, and doubled its earnings before selling it in 1998. Not every acquisition was successful for Hicks Muse. Less-than-successful purchases included bankrupt brewer G. Heileman Brewing Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, bought in 1994 and sold two years later for an almost $100 million loss.

The buyout firm's Chancellor Media radio company went public in 1996. That year Hicks Muse gained entry into Latin America with its purchases of cash-starved Mexican companies, including Seguros Commercial America, one of the country's largest insurers. That year it also brought International Home Foods (Jiffy Pop, Chef Boyardee) into the Hicks Muse fold.

In 1997 Chancellor and Evergreen Media merged to form Chancellor Media (renamed AMFM in 1999). The next year Hicks Muse continued buying US and Latin American media companies, as well as a few oddities (a UK software maker, a Danish seed company, and US direct-seller Home Interiors and Gifts). Hicks Muse and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts merged their cinema operations to form the US's largest theater chain, Regal Cinemas. Regal filed for bankruptcy protection in 2001. The company that year also moved into the depressed energy field (Triton Energy) and formed a $1.5 billion European fund. They also invested $400 million into Teligent, Inc., a fixed wireless telecommunications carrier. Teligent filed for bankruptcy in 2001 and is now defunct.

Acquisitions in 1999 included UK food group Hillsdown Holdings, one-third of Mexican flour maker Grupo Minsa, and (just in time for millennial celebrations) popular champagne brands Mumm and Perrier-Jouët (it quadrupled its investment when it sold the champagne houses in late 2000). Lured by low stock prices on real estate investment trusts (REITs), the company agreed to buy Walden (formerly Walden Residential Properties) that year.

Hicks Muse, along with UK-based Apax Partners, bought British Telecom's yellow page directory business Yell Group for roughly $3.5 billion, making it the largest non-corporate LBO in European history. Yell subsequently acquired US directories publisher McLeodUSA for about $600 million, and floated in 2003.

Hicks Muse acquired Nestlé's Ambient Food Business in 2002, which added well-known UK brands Crosse & Blackwell, Branston Pickle, Chivers (marmalade), Sun-Pat (peanut butter), Gale's (honey), Sarson's (vinegar) and Rowntree's (jelly) to the Premier Foods stable. Cereal maker Weetabix Limited and Unilever's cast-offs Ambrosia (creamed rice and puddings) and Brown & Polson, rounded out Premier Foods' portfolio in 2003.

Acquisitions in 2004 included Kerns Oil & Gas (renamed Blackbrush Energy -- natural gas production), Persona (Canadian cable television company), Regency Gas Services (gas processing and distribution), and Centennial Puerto Rico Cable TV (Puerto Rican cable television company). It also agreed to buy a majority stake in trendy luxury shoemaker Jimmy Choo. Disposals during the year included the company's remaining stake in Yell and its stake in Premier Foods.

In May 2005, Sturm Foods was acquired by HM Capital Partners. Located in Manawa, Wisconsin, Sturm Foods specializes in the manufacturing of bulk goods such as oatmeal and markets several sugar-free products under private labels.

HM Capital and Successors
Hicks Muse struggled in the years immediately following the bursting of the internet and telecom bubbles was often cited with Forstmann Little as the highest profile private equity casualties, having invested heavily in technology and telecommunications companies. The firm's reputation and market position were both damaged by the loss of over $1 billion from minority investments in six telecommunications and 13 Internet companies at the peak of the 1990s stock market bubble as well as several traditional buyouts that ended in bankruptcy (e.g., Regal Cinemas, Viasystems Group, International Wire.

Tom Hicks resigned from Hicks Muse at the end of 2004 and was replaced at the helm by co-founder John Muse. Hicks would go on to found Hicks Holdings LLC. Charles Tate resigned from Hicks Muse in 2002.

In January 2005, the company's European arm, separated from Hicks Muse to form Lion Capital LLP, which has since raised over $4 billion across two private equity funds.

In March 2006, Hicks Muse Tate & Furst changed its name to HM Capital reflecting the departure of Tom Hicks and the new group of partners heading the firm. HM Capital appears to be overcoming initial obstacles, raising new capital from institutional investors for a $1 billion private equity fund, its first in more than five years.

In 2013, HM Capital began dissolving. The energy group spun out as Tailwater Capital and the food group spun off as Kainos Capital.

title: HM Capital Partners


text:
User:G.B. Blackrock

Named for a minor character in the Transformers comic from Marvel Comics.

title: User:G.B. Blackrock


text:
User talk:148.233.211.194

August 2019
Hello, I'm Girth Summit. An edit that you recently made to Ringfencing seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want to practice editing, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Girth Summit  (blether) 19:42, 6 August 2019 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

title: User talk:148.233.211.194


text: Category:Looney Tunes stubs

title: Category:Looney Tunes stubs


text:
Areado

Areado is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020, its population was estimated to be 15,181. Most of the population lives in the city. The estimated population living in the city was 9,790. This city is the most urban city among the small cities nearby.

The city has an area of 281 square kilometers. The population density is about 46, which is far more than the nearest city, Alterosa, which has a population density of just 37.

The city is located near the Furnas' dam.

title: Areado


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/World of Warcraft Expansion Pack

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. (no consensus). Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

World of Warcraft Expansion Pack
Not true. They have announced no such plans and the game itself is far from bug free for them to start working on something new. Delete ASAP and remove from the template and respective pages. 142.58.101.46 18:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Excuse me? Are you a moron? The source is the producer of the game, and they are working on this expansion. If that source is not good enough then we should just remove PlayStation 3 and everything else not released yet. Havok 09:57, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Expand or Delete. This seems more like a comment that I'd see on my IM than an entry I'd hope to see in an encyclopedia. However it does have a notable source and would be good news for those into the game, but it's just that - news. Hello World! 19:33, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. --Carnildo 22:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. However, my reason for that is because of its minimial content, rather being a crystal ball. SYSS Mouse 00:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect to main WOW page. Radiant_ >|< 12:14, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It will be expanded when more info is given, deleting it won't do anything seeing as when more detail is released it will only be started again. Havok 09:54, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We do have an article on Duke Nukem Forever, so we might as well keep this and revise it as we learn more. Ninuor 22:49, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This has been confirmed to be in development by Blizzard entertainment.  Read the following excerpt from this article at Gamespot: "Shane Dabiri, lead producer of the World of Warcraft development team, posted a lengthy message titled 'World of Warcraft Battleplan.' Besides outlining increased customer service, the addition of servers, and gameplay additions, Dabiri's post also addressed the $64,000 question. 'Some have asked about an expansion and what it might hold,' he said. 'I wanted to let players know that it is in the works, and we'll release details as soon as we can.'" -- tomf688 (talk) 22:04, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. While there is no evidence of what will be in this expansion as of yet then there is nothing much that the article can be based on. It will how ever be expanded quickly when more news is released by Blizzard regarding what all will be included in the expansion pack and when it is due out. WCX 22:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eegees

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 20:42, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Eegees
Delete nn company that sells "samwishes". Gets 326 unique Google hits, at least some of which are from people's blogs and things. -Splash 23:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising for a non notable store. JamesBurns 08:49, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Make it disappear like a yummy samwish, non-notable local business. Dcarrano 16:27, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eegees


text:
Donnie Darko (soundtrack)

Donnie Darko: Music from the Original Motion Picture Score is a soundtrack album by American musician Michael Andrews, released in April 2002 on Enjoy and Everloving Records. It contains music from the 2001 science fiction psychological thriller film Donnie Darko, written and directed by Richard Kelly. It consists of 16 instrumental tracks and two covers of "Mad World" by Tears for Fears sung by American singer Gary Jules.

Production
Richard Kelly commissioned Michael Andrews, a San Diego musician and television and film composer who had worked as a member of a range of bands, including The Origin with Gary Jules, whose two solo albums he had produced, and The Greyboy Allstars. Kelly said that he was confident that Michael Andrews could do the job: "I met with Michael and I just knew right away that he was really, really talented and that he could come up with a really original score. He would allow me to be in there and be really kind of editorial with how I wanted the score to be."

Michael Andrews relocated to Los Angeles to work on the film between October and December 2000. As Michael Andrews states, the low budget for the project encouraged him to play a diverse range of instruments for the soundtrack: "The film was pretty low budget so my portion of the money was pretty thin. I couldn't hire anyone, it was just me. I played everything; piano, mellotron, mini marimba, xylophone, ukulele, organ. I also brought in two female vocalists Sam Shelton and Tori Haberman. But no guitar because Richard said no guitar or drums; he just wasn't into it. I was down with that - I've played guitar my whole life."

Like many of his role models for soundtrack composing such as John Barry and Ennio Morricone, Michael Andrews wanted to put a song on his otherwise instrumental score. He eventually chose "Mad World" (1982) by Tears for Fears, who were one of his and childhood friend Gary Jules' favourite bands while growing up. Andrews enlisted Jules to sing the song, while Andrews himself played the piano. Other songs featured in the film include "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen (another of Andrews' and Jules' favourite bands), Joy Division's "Love Will Tear Us Apart", The Church's "Under the Milky Way" in the party scene, and "Proud to Be Loud" by the band Pantera.

Andrews' style of composing owes much to the ground-breaking Symphony No. 3 (Symphony of Sorrowful Songs) by Henryk Górecki, to which Cherita mimes on stage. An excerpt of "For Whom the Bell Tolls", as composed by Steve Baker and Carmen Daye, starts the credit sequence at the end of the film. This music was however not included in the album-version of the soundtrack.

In the 2004 director's cut, a number of musical choices are changed. In the film's opening, "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen is replaced by "Never Tear Us Apart" by INXS. "The Killing Moon" later replaces "Under the Milky Way" by The Church during the party scene. "Under The Milky Way" can be heard in the car scene with Donnie and his father, played on the radio. Many of these tracks were originally meant to be on the soundtrack, but could not be obtained for licensing reasons.

Release
The score was not put on a soundtrack album until Andy Factor, a friend of Michael Andrews, released it on his independent label, Everloving Records, in 2002. As Donnie Darko was not a hit at first, there was little interest in the soundtrack in the United States. However, the film enjoyed more popularity in Europe, especially in the UK, where its total box office was greater than that for the whole of the U.S., and so the Donnie Darko soundtrack album was released.

This sparked interest in the soundtrack and in the song "Mad World", taken from the original soundtrack, which was a 2003 Christmas Number One in the UK singles chart. It has also made the charts in a number of other countries including Ireland, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Australia in 2003 and 2004.

Madonna sampled the song "Manipulated Living" for the video introduction on her 2008/2009 Sticky & Sweet Tour.

Track listing
All songs were written and performed by Michael Andrews except "Mad World", "Head Over Heels", and "The Killing Moon".

 * 1) "Carpathian Ridge" – 1:35
 * 2) "The Tangent Universe" – 1:50
 * 3) "The Artifact and Living" – 2:30
 * 4) "Middlesex Times" – 1:41
 * 5) "Manipulated Living" – 2:08
 * 6) "Philosophy of Time Travel" – 2:02
 * 7) "Liquid Spear Waltz" – 1:32
 * 8) "Gretchen Ross" – 0:51
 * 9) "Burn It to the Ground" – 1:58
 * 10) "Slipping Away" – 1:17
 * 11) "Rosie Darko" – 1:25
 * 12) "Cellar Door" – 1:03
 * 13) "Ensurance Trap" – 3:11
 * 14) "Waltz in the 4th Dimension" – 2:46
 * 15) "Time Travel" – 3:01
 * 16) "Did You Know Him?" – 1:46
 * 17) "Mad World" – 3:08
 * 18) "Mad World" (Alternate Mix) – 3:37
 * 19) "Head over Heels" by Tears for Fears – 2:36
 * 20) "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen – 3:16

2004 British re-release
Coinciding with the release of the film's director's cut, an expanded two-disc edition of the album was released in the United Kingdom in 2004. This edition included the 1980s pop and alternative rock songs from the theatrical edition and the director's cut.

 * 1) "Never Tear Us Apart" by INXS – 3:04
 * 2) "Head Over Heels" by Tears for Fears – 4:16
 * 3) "Under the Milky Way" by The Church – 4:58
 * 4) "Lucid Memory" by Sam Bauer and Gerard Bauer – 0:46
 * 5) "Lucid Assembly" by Gerard Bauer and Mike Bauer – 0:52
 * 6) "Ave Maria" by Vladimir Vavilov and Paul Pritchard – 2:57
 * 7) "For Whom the Bell Tolls" by Steve Baker and Carmen Daye – 3:12
 * 8) "Show Me (Part 1)" by Quito Colayco and Tony Hertz – 2:05
 * 9) "Notorious" by Duran Duran – 4:00
 * 10) "Stay" by Oingo Boingo – 3:38
 * 11) "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division – 3:23
 * 12) "The Killing Moon" by Echo & the Bunnymen – 5:55

Disc two
The second disc is devoted to a remastered version of Andrews' score.

Personnel

 * Michael Andrews – performer
 * Todd Burke – engineer, mixing
 * Shannon Erbe – music editor
 * Gary Jules – vocals
 * Richard Kelly – liner notes
 * Mike King – package design
 * Roger Seibel – mastering
 * Sam Shelton – backing vocals

title: Donnie Darko (soundtrack)


text: Category:Rugby union governing bodies

title: Category:Rugby union governing bodies


text:
William J. Short

William John Short (September 22, 1865  – September 7, 1939 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1927.

He was born in Wellington County, Canada West, the son of William J. Short and Margaret Oakmen, and was educated in Grey County. After leaving school at sixteen, Short worked as a farm labourer until 1888, when he travelled west to Manitoba, settling on a homestead near Shoal Lake, Manitoba. In 1885, he married Matilda Bumpstead. He operated a butcher shop for five years and then became a livestock dealer. Short subsequently purchased a farm, where he grew grain and raised cattle and horses. He served on the council for the Rural Municipality of Shoal Lake and was reeve from 1907 to 1922.

He ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM), and defeated Liberal candidate William Iverach by 597 votes in the Birtle constituency.

The UFM unexpectedly formed government following the election. Short served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's administration for the next five years. He did not run for re-election in 1927.

Short died in Shoal Lake.

title: William J. Short


text:
Marc Stiegler

Marc Stiegler (born August 1, 1954) is an American science fiction author and software developer. He co-authored Valentina: Soul in Sapphire (1984) with Joseph H. Delaney. The novel features Valentina, a computer program that is one of science fiction's earliest examples of sentient software, in contrast to mainframe-based AIs such as HAL and Colossus. His notable works also include David's Sling (1988), a techno-thriller that explores the concept of e-democracy.

Stiegler also wrote the short story "The Gentle Seduction", based on Vernor Vinge's ideas about a technological "singularity," the exponential growth of future technology that will drastically affect the human condition. The story's characters are augmented with molecular nanotechnology. The 'seducer' is the technology itself, and perhaps the programmers of the technology - the majority of mankind is more willing to swallow a pill that fixes one's back (this happens in the story) than take a pill that installs a computer in one's forehead (also from the story). He also realized that many humans do not have the mental fortitude to survive the Technological singularity. The heroine of "The Gentle Seduction" is a normal woman whose very elemental connection with her own identity is key in soothing humanity's jarring experience of finally meeting an alien mind.

Marc Stiegler's novel Earthweb envisions a future where computers are immune to attacks, the Web has evolved to largely replace government as the foundation of human civilization, and prediction markets are utilized to make informed decisions about significant future events.

Stiegler's career in software development somewhat mirrors his science fiction work. His non-fiction piece, "Hypermedia and the Singularity", predated the advent of the Web and postulated that hypertext would play a pivotal role in accelerating knowledge evolution. Shortly after penning this article, he assumed management of Project Xanadu, the hypertext system envisioned by Ted Nelson.

Subsequent software development endeavors included the creation of DecideRight (1995), which garnered the Software Publishing Association's CODIE Award for Best Numeric or Data Software Program. In the late 1990s, his focus shifted to computer security.

Later, he developed CapDesk, a capability-based desktop resilient to cyberattacks, and formulated the principles underpinning Polaris, an overlay for the Windows operating system designed to secure the system against various major types of computer viruses and trojan horses. He presented on object capability security at the RSA Conference in 2012 and 2013. During his tenure at HP Labs, his research incorporated approaches to security in planetary-scale computing.

Books

 * Valentina: Soul in Sapphire (1984), co-authored with Joseph H. Delaney ISBN 0-671-55916-8
 * Programming Languages: Featuring the IBM PC and Compatibles (1985), co-authored with Bob Hanson
 * David's Sling (1987) ISBN 0-671-65369-5
 * Earthweb (1998) ISBN 0-671-57809-X
 * The Braintrust Series
 * The Braintrust: A Harmony of Enemies (2017) ISBN 1-64202-001-X
 * Crescendo of Fire (2018) ISBN 1-64202-0370
 * Rhapsody For the Tempest (2018) ISBN 1-64202-064-8
 * Ode To Defiance (2019) ISBN 1-64202-190-3
 * Braintrust: Requiem (2020) ISBN 978-1-64202-796-9
 * The Dread Nought Series
 * Triple Cross (2021) ISBN 978-1649719744
 * Double Tap (2022)
 * Power Play (2023)
 * Zero Sum (forthcoming, 2023)

Collection

 * The Gentle Seduction (1990) ISBN 0-671-69887-7
 * "Masters of the Mortal God" (1990)
 * "Too Loving a Touch" (1982)
 * "Petals of Rose" (1981)
 * "The Bully and the Crazy Boy" (1980)
 * "Evolution of Entropic Error in Closed Conservative Systems" (1982) - Non-fiction article
 * "A Simple Case of Suicide" (1983)
 * "The Gentle Seduction" (1989)
 * "Hypermedia and the Singularity" (1989) - Non-fiction article

Anthologies featuring stories by Marc Stiegler

 * Nanodreams (1995)

Short works
The following three stories are included in the novel Valentina: Soul in Sapphire:
 * "Valentina" (1984), co-authored with Joseph H Delaney - Hugo nominee
 * "The Crystal Ball" (1984), co-authored with Joseph H Delaney
 * "The Light in the Looking Glass" (1984), co-authored with Joseph H Delaney

Awards

 * Hugo Award for Best Novella finalist (1985) for "Valentina"
 * Prometheus Award Best Novel finalist for:
 * David's Sling (1988)
 * The Braintrust (2018)
 * Ode to Defiance (2020)

title: Marc Stiegler


text:
Talk:History of the Jews in Spain

Cites wikipedia as a source
"(according to Wikipedia only ~2,300 soldiers fought on Sancho's side)" is part of the article! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.164.225.147 (talk) 22:44, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

Jewish Riots?
I suppose there has to have been also jewish riots against christian or muslim oppression. Does s.o. know anything about that?

The Jews were too afraid to riot because if they had, they would have been exterminated.

Public domain
Um, the Jewish Encyclopedia is public domain. Read the first sentence of the homepage. I just started working on the article, attribution would have been coming soon in any case. Please remove copyright notice. --Goodoldpolonius2 23:16, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

24.125.22.187 04:38, 27 December 2005 (UTC)I understand the source affects the viewpoint of this article. However, it is clearly biased against Christians in general and Spanish Catholics in specific. Also, the writing is awkward in several sections and there are allegations without reference support. These objections should be noted by readers of this article, which is nonetheless informative in its content. 24.125.22.187 04:38, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

This article has a lot of references, but it isn't always clear what facts come from what sources. Even if information is reworded, we need to know where that info originated. CClio333 (talk) 21:18, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

From Francisco Franco
From Talk:Francisco Franco:

 * I can't provide exact numbers but the last i heard (from a professor at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem at a conference at my elder daughter's highschool early this winter) it was on the order of tens of thousands. The line is also in factual error. Most of the jews saved with a spanish passport were East European jews, not french, and very few indeed even travelled to Spain. What Franco really did, was twofold. He let his diplomatic service make use of a Primo de Rivera's law, which granted spanish cityzenship to all sepharaditic jews (i'll search for it), and succesfully moved the Germans to recognize the passports thus issued. Many diplomats, with tacit consent of Madrid, extended this -mainly after 1943- to all jews. The case of the spanish consuls at Budapest (who is said to have issued IIRC at least 6000 such passes) and Viena are well publisized.
 * The same law was used at least once more: after 1967, when moroccan jews were expelled after the "six day's war"
 * It's possible that the overland route (thru Spain into Portugal and elsewhere) was used also by many, but, at least until 1942, it was not considered "safe", nor where uniform policies applied.
 * Franco's regime attitude regarding the jews is at first approach inconsistent. Propaganda never gave up an antisemitic stance, and Franco (alone in West Europa) never recognized Israel and held and open pro-arab attitude; but on the other side, seems to have been sincere in his dissaproval of Nazi policy, and for the first time since 1492, during Franco's time a small jewish community could flourish again in Spain with no remarkable difficulties.--Wllacer 09:43, 13 March 2006 (UTC)
 * A couple of references to my former comment. The legal prextext for issuing spanish passports to sefaraditic jews is a decree of December, 20 1924. A Decreto ley from December, 29 1948 was used to save the jewish egyptian colony after the first israely-arab war. My source about moroccan jews are personal communication from some of them. For a good first approach to the spanish charge d'affairs in Budapest see

 * The basic bibliographical reference to the behaviour of Franco's regime towards Jews during WWII is Federico Ysart's España y los judíos en la Segunda Guerra. Mundial (Barcelona, 1973) ISBN 84-7235-083-5. But as the publisher is long out of business it should be hard to find. AFAIK Shlomo Ben Ami has also published some works which incidentally touch this matter--Wllacer 23:53, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * On the other hand, I don't like that this fragment of text is referenced by a link to vigent spanish civil law. It's not acurate, nor correct. Yes, spanish law allow a simplified procedure to obtain citizenship latin-american, guinean, iberian and sephardim people, but this law, I'm pretty sure, supersedes older ones.
 * Another interesting point is the rumor, or fact, that in a recent balkan war, refugees of sephardic origin obtained spanish citenship by an special royal decree, very similar that Franco's "decreto ley" linked by parent message. Does it an interesting aditional data to this page?--Patillotes (talk) 14:20, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Some disambiguation needs to be done with the links, particularly with the links to the various kings and emperors. If I get a chance in the next couple of days, I'll take a shot at it. ArglebargleIV 03:02, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

names of villages
It's the first time I write in wikipedia, so sorry if this is not adequate. I saw the name "Alcalá de Guadeira" and I dont know if that was the name in the past, but nowadays it is "Alcalá de Guadaira", and there is already a small article about it.

Fregenal must be Fregenal de la Sierra, but there is no article yet in English.

Albunea 14:38, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Subsections for Moorish Spain
I broke up this section into three subsections, The Moorish Conquest, The Caliphate of Cordoba, and The Taifas, without any change to the body of the text. My goal was just to create smaller chunks for easier editing in the future. The existing structure of the text seemed to suggest these three parts.

Anybody better acquainted with the page and topic than I am, please revise the partition and the subsection titles as necessary.

213.47.127.75 03:21, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

A strange Bibel-reference == ==

I just swung by and the phraze "'...Leviticus 29.2 makes reference to the return of the Diaspora from Spain by 165'" caught my eye. I am not sure what is intended here, since - to my knowledge - Leviticus was written with some probability between the year 922 BCE (the death of Salomo and the breaking of the one Kingdom) and mid fifth-century (probably not after the exile ended with Kyros conquering of Babylon in 539). That the authors of Leviticus would mention second century Spain seem sort of strange, not to mention - Leviticus only has 27 chapters...

Bodhisattva7 00:26, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Hello. The citation is not to the book of Leviticus, but from the Midrash Rabbah commentary on Leviticus. It's not well known so I understand the confusion. Ex0pos (talk) 07:00, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Irrelevant
Hello, I know nothing about History of the Jews in Spain, but I just wanna say that someone wrote "hiii=]" at the end of the second paragraph under Caliphate of Cordoba —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.31.68.43 (talk) 16:59, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

the jews speak ladino
raquel samper director community jewish murcia less than 2 percent of jews in spain today even understand ladino. We speak castellano. Not hebrew or latin just castellano.We study hebrew as israel is our point of origin but we dont speak it. . But to say jews in spain speak(present tense) ladino is absurd!! do the koplowitz sisters know ladino? fernando shwartz? not even the rabbi in madrid knows ladino. Most dont know hebrew except for 14 israelis now permanently living in murcia  Starbucks cafe owners. the comunidadjudia jewish community in murcia is 463 and we are castellano speaking.We here are jews from spain ,decendents of jews here. We dont know ladino. Its folkloric and a few know it like you know latin. i guess the tourist jews will come here to meet the ol world jews and wont they be surprised to see our internet fiberoptic .I guess one might say we SPOLE ladino or it was the spoken language. btw we speak very good English as well. Our kids go to israel to learn english, —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.38.17.233 (talk) 22:35, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Crypto-Judaism
I don't find any allusions to crypto-judaism, id est, the Jewish forced conversos who kept their tradition secretly inside Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries; they were publicly Christians, but in the secret of their homes and hearts, they retained their Jewish cultural and religious identity. Perhaps Ms.Samper could add something interesting about this matter. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.67.174.130 (talk) 12:54, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

expelled converted
no mention here to the third option;killing of jews. Jews who didnt leave or convert were killed by the soldiers. They were not allowed to be killed by neighbors but the soldiers picked them up and they disappeared. How many? word of mouth goes that it was in the thousands as many too old to leave too stubborn to convert were killed. spain today is very different and the j community is 62000 as of 2008. The king of spain in youtube quotes that jews have always been and are a part of spain,not nostalgia.I recall in 1991 in the peace conference in madrid yitzak shamir spoke of the killing of jews 5 centuries ago in spain. spain today is modern and there are 62000 jews here growing intergrating and yet maintaining identity as spanish jews as opposed to spanish catholics. raquel samper comunidad judia murcia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Murcia fluent (talk • contribs) 08:05, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Economic decay of Spain after the mass expulsion of Jews
The comments (I couldn't qualify them otherwise) about a 'flourishing' of economic life in Spain after the expulsion of a large part of Sephardic Jews is all wrong -the Taula de Canvis (the Royal Bank of Valencia) went bankrupt two times due to the dramatic lack of liquidity caused by the massive capital outflow the deportation generated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Laocoont (talk • contribs) 08:00, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

I must recommend you to get informed on serious sources to improve this article that can only be cathegorized as an unfortunate attempt to save jewish history in Spain. I must mainly recommend you reading Claudio Sanchez Albornoz before. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.217.121.215 (talk) 21:25, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Adding Citations...
This article has been deemed so-so, apparently because of the lack of citations. That makes sense. When I contributed sections about Iberian Jews during the Roman and Visigothic eras, inline citations weren't the standard on Wikipedia like they are today. So I've pulled out my documents and am in the process of adding inline citations. I'm about 1/2 done. Hope I'm in full compliance with Wikipedia citation standards, but my agenda is primarily to get the stuff out there. Ex0pos (talk) 06:26, 1 May 2009 (UTC)

Done adding my citations. I'm wondering, since the C-ratings seemed based only on the lack of citations (this being the only item on the "to do" list), what remains to be done to have the article reassessed. Ex0pos (talk) 02:25, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

The Carthaginians of Spain
After the fall of Carthage, many Carthaginians and Phoenicians became Jews. That's a fact! Böri (talk) 09:19, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

De Silva
I have the story of shmuel de silva, the treasure lord of the government. But I don't have a time to trancelate the story. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Yotamtnt (talk • contribs) 22:09, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Plagiarism
After reading about half this article, I became convinced that most of it is just copied and pasted. Is that allowed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Humanpublic (talk • contribs) 19:18, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Where was it copy/pasted from? If the source is protected by copyright, then yes, this could be a serious issue. -- LWG talk 19:56, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

Interior of the old main synagogue, Segovia
If it's a orthodox synagogue, it shouldn't have a cross. Not to extend the inquisition or anything, but the picture should be true-to-form. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dslaugh (talk • contribs) 05:32, 8 December 2015 (UTC)
 * It is not a synagogue anymore, but a Catholic Convent - hence the cross.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 05:39, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

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history.
so many speak of the history of jews in spain as if they all left or were killed or converted.some stayed and didnt convert .if interested there are jews who are spanish for generations..as well with the eu jews move to spain like the miami beach of europe. la azohia,campoamor and la manga have jewish synogogues and kosher food places.. not many but a few.israelis also live in spain working in computers, security and export.jews typically put their kids into private schools of english — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.155.197.150 (talk) 09:44, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:History of the Jews in Abkhazia which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:12, 5 June 2020 (UTC)

Only proselytising conversos?
At the end of the section on Moorish history, there is a claim that proselytism at the end of the 9th century was aimed at only conversos. This is dubious; the main mover, Bodo, is not claimed to be a conversos. Note that this claim is significant because it fits in the idea that Jews never proselytised, so have the right to ask others not to proselytise them. In fact this period points to a very different Jewish tradition - of seeking to actively spread the faith. Ender's Shadow Snr (talk) 14:06, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of the Jews in Spain


text:
Talk:Donnie Darko (soundtrack)

Um, I think the duration listed for "lucid memory" is for a trance song of the same name that's making the rounds on the P2P networks. Obviously, I don't own the album so I can't confirm.

tracklisting
you can view the tracklisting to the 2 CD version here --121.91.25.214 (talk) 04:53, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donnie Darko (soundtrack)


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Marin (wind)

The Marin is a warm, moist wind in the Gulf of Lion of France, blowing from the southeast or south-southeast onto the coast of Languedoc and Roussillon. It brings rain to this region which it has picked up crossing the Mediterranean, and also can bring coastal fog. The clouds carried by the Marin frequently cause rain on the slopes of the mountains in the interior, the Corbières Massif, Montagne Noire, and the Cévennes. The wind is usually dried by the föhn effect when it crosses the mountains and descends on the other side. The Marin wind contributes to the creation of another regional wind, the autan (wind). The Marin blows gently from the offshore coast of the Mediterranean towards the Cévennes and the Montagne Noire. When this occurs it creates fine weather for swimming in the gulf, but when the wind is strong it creates heavy swells which strike the coast with high breaking waves.

The Marin is next in frequency and importance to the mistral, the cold, dry northwest wind in Provence. It is caused by low-pressure systems which enter the Gulf of Lion from the west or southwest after traversing southern France and northern Spain.

title: Marin (wind)


text: User talk:71.104.126.169

title: User talk:71.104.126.169


text:
User talk:Russelljgarner

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!. Dmn / Դմն 23:17, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Russelljgarner


text:
West Indies national rugby league team

The West Indies rugby league team (nicknamed "The Wahoos") represented the Caribbean and West Indies region in the sport of rugby league football. Governed by the West Indies Rugby League Federation, the team played their only international against South Africa in 2004.

Like the Great Britain national rugby league team, the team split into individual nations following their 2004 international. Subsequently, Jamaica qualified for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.

Represented nations and territories

 * Antigua & Barbuda
 * 🇦🇼 Aruba
 * 🇧🇸 Bahamas
 * 🇧🇧 Barbados
 * 🇧🇲 Bermuda
 * British Virgin Islands
 * 🇨🇺 Cuba
 * 🇩🇲 Dominica
 * 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
 * 🇬🇩 Grenada
 * 🇬🇵 Guadeloupe
 * 🇭🇹 Haiti
 * 🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * 🇲🇸 Montserrat
 * Netherlands Antilles
 * 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico
 * 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia
 * 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago
 * United States Virgin Islands

Eligible players
In addition to players eligible for, the following professional players are eligible for a combined West Indies team:
 * Guy Armitage (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * Ryan Atkins (Grenada)
 * Jake Connor (Trinidad and Tobago)
 * Leroy Cudjoe (Grenada)
 * Kieran Dixon (Antigua)
 * Keenan Dyer-Dixon (Dominica)
 * Andy Gabriel (Dominican Republic)
 * Bernard Gregorius (Haiti)
 * Jermaine McGillvary (Grenada)
 * Ronan Michael (Antigua and Barbuda)
 * Ryan Millar (Barbados)
 * Coby Nichol (Grenada)
 * Kai Pearce-Paul (Antigua)
 * Leon Ruan (Barbados)
 * James Thornton (Grenada)

History
The West Indies Rugby League Federation was formed in 2003. The West Indies team has participated in the Middlesex Nines (2004) and York Nines (2004, 2005) competitions.

The first thirteen-a-side game of rugby league played in the West Indies was at Kingston, Jamaica on July 13, 2005. A competition between the Vauxhall Vultures, Sharks, St Catherines, Army, and Nomads is scheduled to start in Kingston in August 2005.

The West Indies national side was planning to be involved in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup qualifying in the United States in 2006 but pulled out due to lack of funds.

Match vs South Africa
The West Indies' only international fixture was played against South Africa, then known as the Wild Dogs, on 9 October 2004 at New River Stadium in London, England, winning 50–22. Jamaican Jermaine Coleman was initially named to play but was replaced by Davey.

title: West Indies national rugby league team


text: User talk:81.215.243.219

title: User talk:81.215.243.219


text:
Destrier

The destrier is the best-known war horse of the Middle Ages. It carried knights in battles, tournaments, and jousts. It was described by contemporary sources as the Great Horse, due to its significance.

While highly prized by knights and men-at-arms, the destrier was not very common. Most knights and mounted men-at-arms rode other war horses, such as coursers and rounceys.

Etymology
The word is first attested in Middle English around 1330, as destrer. It was borrowed into Middle English from Anglo-Norman destrer, whose Old French counterpart was destrier (from which the Modern English spelling derives). The word is also found in medieval Provençal (as destrier) and Italian (as destriere, destriero). These forms themselves derived from the Vulgar Latin equus dextrarius, meaning "right-sided horse" (from dextra, "right hand", the same root as dextrous and dexterity). This may refer to it being led by the squire at the knight's right side, as often before battle the destrier ran unburdened to keep it fresh for the fray; the knight rode another horse, mounting his destrier just before engaging the enemy. Alternatively, it could describe the horse's gait (leading with the right).

Characteristics
The word destrier does not refer to a breed of horse, but to a type of horse; the finest and strongest warhorses. These horses were usually stallions, bred and raised from foalhood specifically for the needs of war. The destrier was specifically for use in battle or tournament; for everyday riding, a knight would use a palfrey, and his baggage would be carried on a sumpter horse (or packhorse), or possibly in wagons.

They had powerful hindquarters, able to easily coil and spring to a stop, spin, turn or sprint forward quickly. They also had a short back and well-muscled loin, strong bone, and a well-arched neck. From medieval art, the head of the destrier appears to have had a straight or slightly convex profile, a strong, wide jaw, and good width between the eyes.

The destrier was considered the most suited to the joust: coursers seem to have been preferred for other forms of warfare.

Breeding and size

Many well-known scholars have speculated about the nature of destriers and about the size they attained. They apparently were not enormous draft types. Recent research undertaken at the Museum of London, using literary, pictorial and archeological sources, suggests war horses (including destriers) averaged from, and differed from a riding horse in their strength, musculature and training, rather than in their size. An analysis of medieval horse armour located in the Royal Armouries indicates the equipment was originally worn by horses of, about the size and build of a modern field hunter or ordinary riding horse.

Equestrian sculptures in Italy suggest a "Spanish" style of horse that today would be referred to as a Baroque horse, such as the Andalusian horse, Friesian horse, or even a heavy but agile warmblood breed such as the Irish Draught. Modern estimates put the height of a destrier at no more than, but with a strong and heavy physique. Though the term "Great Horse" was used to describe the destrier, leading some historians to speculate that such animals were the forerunners of modern draught horse breeds, the historical record does not support the image of the destrier as a draft horse.

Descendants and reproductions
The modern Percheron draft breed may in part descend from destriers, though it is probably taller and heavier than the average destrier. Other draft breeds such as the Shire claim destrier ancestry, though proof is less certain.

Modern attempts to reproduce the destrier type usually involve crossing an athletic riding horse with a light draft type. Outcomes of such attempts include crossbreds such as the "Spanish-Norman", a cross between the Percheron and the Andalusian; and the Warlander, a cross between the Andalusian and the Friesian horse.

Value
A good destrier was very costly: at the times of the Crusades, a fine destrier was valued at seven or eight times the cost of an ordinary horse. In England, the specific sum of eighty pounds (in this context a pound was 240 silver pennies, which amounted to one pound of silver by weight ) was noted at the end of the thirteenth century. During the important military campaigns of King Edward III in the middle of the fourteenth century, the increased demand for warhorses brought about considerable price inflation: in 1339 William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton lost a destrier valued at one hundred pounds while on campaign in Flanders. Army muster rolls included detailed inventories of the warriors' horses: less than 5% of the warhorses were classified as destriers, owned only by a small elite of the most wealthy knights. However, because of destriers' relative scarcity and consequent infrequent sale and purchase, reliable price information for the period has not often survived.

title: Destrier