text:
Catherine Martin (journalist)

Catherine Ellen Martin (1918 – 17 April 2009) was a journalist for The West Australian newspaper from 1957, specialising in medical reporting. The winner of the inaugural Gold Walkley, Martin is known for her reporting the impact of asbestosrelated diseases on the mining community in Wittenoom Gorge that led to the company James Hardie being found in the Supreme Court of New South Wales guilty of misleading conduct and failing to meet its obligations over its handling of asbestos compensation.

Biography
Martin was born in London, England in the United Kingdom and emigrated to Western Australia together with her Czechborn husband. Following his premature death and faced with the challenge of raising three children, Martin sought and gained work with The Western Australian.

In 1978 she began investigating the high incidence of death and disease among workers at the Australian Blue Asbestos mine at Wittenoom Gorge. Martin was able to access a study by Professor Michael Hobbs, a University of Western Australia epidemiologist, of the mine workers and their families. This study found a high incidence of illness and death from asbestos-related diseases among the small number of workers in the sample.

Between 1947 and 1967 when the mine was closed more than 6500 people had been employed at Wittenoom. Nearly half the workers had been European migrants, some of whom had returned to their homelands.

In 1978 the effects of pleural abnormalities and other asbestos-related diseases were beginning to show up in the former mine workers. Martin's front-page story for The West Australian won a Walkley award and she produced a series of another nine articles highlighting the impact on workers and their families.

Awards
Martin was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) on 12 June 1982 for services to medical journalism. She had won numerous awards for journalism including the Walkley four times, the Arthur Lovekin Prize in Journalism five times, and a number of Australian Medical Association awards. Martin received the inaugural Gold Walkley in 1978.

Legacy
The Judith Neilson Institute Journalist-in-Residence Program named one of its two positions after Martin.

title: Catherine Martin (journalist)


text:
Doilungdêqên, Lhasa

Doilungdêqên District is a district in Lhasa, north-west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is largely agricultural or pastoral, but contains the western suburbs of the city of Lhasa. The Duilong River runs southeast through the district to the Lhasa River. A prehistoric site appears to be 3600–3000 years old. The district is home to the Tsurphu Monastery (1189) and the 17th century Nechung monastery.

Topography
Doilungdêgên is said to mean "valley of bliss" in Tibetan. The district is located in south-central Tibet. It contains the western suburbs of the city of Lhasa, capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, which begin about 12 km from the city center. It covers an area of 2,704 square kilometers, with 94,969 acres of farmland.

The district borders on the north Tibet grasslands in the northwest. The valley of the Doilung River leads south to the Lhasa River, and is contained by two ridges of the Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains. The Duilong is 95 km in length, and has hydroelectrical power generation capacity of 4,000 KW. In the south the district occupies part of the south bank of the Lhasa River. There are about sixty rivers and streams in total. The district has an average elevation of 4000 m, with a highest elevation of 5500 m and a lowest point at 3640 m.

Environment
There are about 120 frost-free days annually. Annual mean temperature is 7 °C, with temperatures in January falling below -10 °C Annual precipitation is about 440 mm, with autumn rainfall of 310 mm. The district is agriculturally rich and was used by the Tibetan kings as a source of food for Lhasa. Wildlife includes roe deer, otter, brown bear, leopard, black-necked crane, Chinese caterpillar fungus, Fritillaria and snow lotus. Military personnel have been involved in efforts to protect and improve the environment, including replanting programs.

Demographics
In 1992 there were 33,581 people in 6,500 households, with 94.28% of the people engaged in farming. About 90% of the people were ethnic Tibetan, with most people of other ethnicity living in Donggar. The 2000 census gave a total population of 40,543 people: Donggar 9,359, Naiqiong 7,838, Dechen 5,731 people, Mar 4,458, Gurung 5,664, Yabda 3,664, Liuwu 3,829. The total population as of the end of 2007 was 45,551 people. The first drug rehabilitation center in Tibet was being constructed in Duilongdeqing District in 2009. It would provide physiological rehabilitation, psychological therapy and job training for up to 150 drug addicts.

History
Duilongdeqing County was founded in September 1959, and in February 1960 expanded to include the western suburbs of Lhasa. The district has been rapidly urbanizing. In January 2015 the former county government was preparing to upgrade Doilungdêqên into Lhasa's second urban district. The county was finally upgraded into a district on 13 October 2015.

Administration divisions
The district has jurisdiction over four subdistricts and three towns, covering thirty-five administrative villages. The seat of government is in the town of Donggar. This is just 14 km from downtown Lhasa.

Economy
Until the 1980s almost all of the rural residents farmed and raised livestock. After reform and an open policy were adopted, growing numbers began to move into industry, construction, transport, commerce and more skilled occupations. In the mid-1980s many local factories and processing plants were built at the village level, but most of them failed to survive. The construction force grew in the 1980s to meet demand for "43 engineering projects" in Lhasa, and construction remained an important source of employment in the late 1990s. At the same time, inefficient traditional farming and herding practices were replaced by more modern techniques.

The economy is still dominated by agriculture. Vegetable production is an important industry in Donggar. Other agricultural products include wheat, spring wheat, barley, peas, beans and potatoes. Livestock includes zaks, sheep, goats and poultry. The main mineral resources are coal, iron, clay, lead and zinc.

Communications
The Qinghai–Tibet Railway runs through the district beside the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (China National Highway 318) from northeast to southwest. The district is crossed by China National Highway 109 in the south. 47 other roads have a total length of 270 km. Lhasa railway station is in Liuwu township. The terminus of the Qinghai–Tibet line, it is over 3600 m above sea level, and is its largest passenger transport station. It includes a clinic with oxygen treatment facilities. The station uses solar energy for heating.

Landmarks
The best-known landmark is Tsurphu Monastery, built in 1189 and treated as a regional cultural relic reserve. The monastery was founded by Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama, founder of Karma Kagyu school. It is the main Kagyu temple. The Nechung Monastery, former home of the Nechung Oracle, is located in Naiquong township. Nechung was built by the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–82). Nechung was almost completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution but has been largely restored. There is a huge new statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) on the second floor. There are also hot springs that are said to have various curative powers.

A prehistoric site was found in 2007 in a location where sand was being quarried at Chang Village in Yabda Township at 3642 m above sea level, about 18 km west of Lhasa. The site was protected pending formal excavation. A layer about 15 to 30 cm thick contained charcoal, ash, animal bones, pottery and stone tools. The site appears to be 3600–3000 years old.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Doilungdêqên, Lhasa


text:
Talk:Mark David Chapman

Article name
Isn't he more known as just Mark Chapman rather than his full name Mark David Chapman? DrKilleMoff (talk) 01:12, 6 May 2017 (UTC)
 * No. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.111.47.191 (talk) 05:25, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

Poorly-written "motive"
How is idolization of a fictional character a motive for murder? Holden Caulfield doesn't kill anyone and describes himself as a pacifist and a coward throughout the novel. This is ridiculous, like the old idea that women would get corrupted by reading Gothic novels in their closets -- idolization of Holden is more of a idiosyncrasy of MDC's, not a motive for murder that has encyclopedic tone. I'll fix this myself if no one has any objections. --Robert Burns 2602:A2:68DD:BA00:9934:2851:48D0:F2C (talk) 21:49, 28 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Wiki is based on Reliable Sources, not your opinion, which is neither desired nor should have been posted - see WP:SOAPBOX. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.111.47.191 (talk) 05:23, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't really care about this article. I'm just writing to say that your response could have been less hostile. 96.32.155.15 (talk) 02:57, 20 April 2020 (UTC)

media appearances. minor correction suggestion.
Jones asked Chapman to tell his story for Mugshots, a CourtTV program in 2000, with his first parole hearing approaching. Chapman refused to go on camera but consented to tell his story in a series of audiotapes.

since Jack Jones is mentioned in the previous paragraph, when his name comes up again in the article, just using his last name, makes that section extremely unclear. this is because other individuals are mentioned in the article between the first mention and the second. It would be much clearer and easier to read to you edit it to use the first and last name "jack jones". I would do it myself but I don't have a wikipedia account and I don't want to cause any trouble. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.189.54.6 (talk) 11:51, 23 September 2020 (UTC)
 * While I get the aim for linearity date wise with the original edit, I happen to agree with the above thought as I had the same reaction (Who is Jones?). If linearity in the chronological sense is truly necessary, the last two paragrphs could br rewritten, but I think the swap works just as well.THX1136 (talk) 23:55, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

Unwitting friend in Atlanta
It seems unnecessary to name this person per WP:BLPNAMES, WP:UNDUE and also WP:NOTEVERYTHING. They are only mentioned by name once in the article and knowing how they are doesn't really seem to improving the reader's understanding of the article. The name mention also appears to becausing them some undue stress per WP:THQ. If at some point more reliably sourced content about this person's relationship to Chapman is added to the article that does improve the reader's understanding of Chapman, then perhaps the name could be re-added. -- Marchjuly (talk) 05:01, 19 May 2021 (UTC)

Mark David Chapman's REAL motive
So while he has given out conflicting motives, Chapman has recently stated he only wanted self-glory and fame. Indeed, I can't find any reference to a desire to kill a 'phony' in his 2020 parole transcript for instance, or any other transcripts. - Anonymous Wikipedian — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.93.4.72 (talk • contribs) 16:12, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Mark David Chapman is not a reliable source, and he only becomes less reliable as time passes. James R. Gaines spent dozens of hours in conversation with Chapman, and thus, should have been able to ascertain fact from fiction, or "likely" from "unlikely". Gaines does not believe that acquiring fame and notoriety was a motive. Chapman's actions and behavior following the murder do not suggest that he sought attention. It speaks volumes that he refused to speak to the media for several years. Virtually everyone can agree that Chapman's motive was related to his obsession with Catcher in the Rye and so that's all that Wikipedia states. ili (talk) 08:14, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

 * * But doesn't his refusal to grant interviews later on simply prove he regrets the crime and that he doesn't want fame and self-glory anymore due to his realizing how horrible his crime was? People can change and might even regret their crime(s), and so Chapman doesn't want notoriety anymore. Also, Gaines merely interviewed Chapman and doesn't actually know what was going on in Chapman's mind on December 8, 1980. The person that knows that that Mark Chapman himself, and so if he repeatedly disavows his whole 'Catcher In The Rye' obsession and claims that the motive was only fame and self-glory, his claim about himself holds more weight. While 40 years later one might forget the odd detail about a particular event, it's implausible that Chapman 'forgot' his 'real' motive. In addition, claiming it was about fame and glory instead of mental illness makes him look worse, and so he'd have no reason to lie or claim that unless it were true. Anonymous Wikipedian, July 6, 6:57 PM UTC — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.93.4.251 (talk • contribs) 18:57, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

 * "refusal to grant interviews later on" - See, you're confused... He refused to grant interviews from the moment that he was caught. One might argue that he might believe that killing for "fame and glory" is easier for him to accept than that he was under a God delusion. In other words, he might find his true motive to be "blasphemous", and so that's one reason why he would go with the "self-glory" narrative. ili (talk) 16:00, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Other supposed targets
I've just removed Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney, Ronald Reagan, George C. Scott, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and  George Ariyoshi as other potential targets Chapman supposedly considered. Where are these coming from? The only other targets I see with sources are Elizabeth Taylor and Johnny Carson. Meters (talk) 23:51, 3 October 2021 (UTC)

Mark David Chapman --> American performer of Christian music?
I found that Mark David Chapman was added to the category. Is this anywhere near true? Race To Oblivion (ネザーへのハイウェイ) (talk) 16:52, 22 October 2021 (UTC)

Parole update
Has anyone received information about whether Mark Chapman's parole hearing this year was accepted or rejected? The article says that his hearing is scheduled for the next few days after the 30th August of this year. But it should have ended by now. I presume it was rejected as usual. I don't know why he's still bothering to apply for parole. Since he's definitely safer in prison. ― C.Syde  ( talk  |  contribs ) 22:53, 7 September 2022 (UTC)

Parole 2024
If his parole hearing was scheduled for Feb 2024, why isn’t there anything about it on the news? 146.90.135.179 (talk) 07:46, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

Denied
He’s been denied parole according to the N.Y. government parole calendar 146.90.135.179 (talk) 18:25, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

His next parole hearing
If you open the link I added on the page, search his first middle and surname and it brings up a load of people with the same name, and if you look at his (81A3860), his earliest release date says 8/2025 Movies09 (talk) 10:48, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mark David Chapman


text:
Talk:Aston Martin V8 Vantage (1977)

re:Vantage Volante
Text mentions between 1986 and 1989.

But according to https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/19283/lot/334/ Bonhams sold Chris Eubank's 1994 built car.

Cars are not my strong point, but a friend is Aston Martin mad ! DavidAnstiss (talk) 18:46, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Aston Martin V8 Vantage (1977). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130712171112/https://www.taxdisc.direct.gov.uk/EvlPortalApp/app/home/intro to https://www.taxdisc.direct.gov.uk/EvlPortalApp/app/home/intro
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927143348/http://www.v8vantage.com/index.htm to http://www.v8vantage.com/index.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:09, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aston Martin V8 Vantage (1977)


text:
Category:Methodist bishops

Bishops of Methodism, including those of the various branches of Methodism (United Methodist and its predecessor denominations, African Methodist Episcopal, African Methodist Episcopal Zion, Free Methodist, etc.), in the U.S. and throughout the world, living and dead.

title: Category:Methodist bishops


text:
James Gillespie Graham

James Gillespie Graham (11 June 1776 – 21 March 1855) was a Scottish architect, prominent in the early 19th century.

Life
Graham was born in Dunblane on 11 June 1776. He was the son of Malcolm Gillespie, a solicitor. He was christened as James Gillespie.

In 1810, under the name James Gillespie, he was living in a flat at 10 Union Street at the head of Leith Walk in Edinburgh. By 1820 he had moved to a far more luxurious house at 34 Albany Street, not far from his earlier flat.

He is most notable for his work in the Scottish baronial style, as at Ayton Castle, and he also worked in the Gothic Revival style, in which he was heavily influenced by the work of Augustus Pugin. However, he also worked successfully in the neoclassical style as exemplified in his design of Blythswood House at Renfrew seven miles down the River Clyde from Glasgow.

Graham designed principally country houses and churches. He is also well known for his interior design, his most noted work in this respect being that at Taymouth Castle and Hopetoun House.

Some of his principal churches include St Andrew's Cathedral in Glasgow, and St Mary's Roman Catholic Cathedral and the Highland Tolbooth Church (now The Hub) in Edinburgh. His houses include Cambusnethan House in Lanarkshire.

He was responsible for laying out the Moray Estate of Edinburgh's New Town, and for the design of Hamilton Square and adjoining streets in the New Town of Birkenhead, England, for William Laird, brother-in-law of William Harley, major developer of the New Town upon Blythswood Hill in Glasgow. According to the writer Frank Arneil Walker he may have been responsible for the remodelling of Johnstone Castle, Renfrewshire.

He designed and built a house at 34 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town for himself and his wife and lived there from 1817 to 1833.

He died in Edinburgh on 21 March 1855 after a four-year illness.

He is buried in the sealed south-west section of Greyfriars Kirkyard generally called the Covenanter's Prison together with his wife and other family members.

Family
In 1815 he married Margaret Ann Graham, daughter of a wealthy landowner, William Graham of Orchill (d.1825) in Perthshire. Together they had two daughters. In 1825, on the death of his wife's father, the couple inherited his large country estate, and James thereafter became known as James Gillespie Graham.

His wife died in 1826, and he married again, to Elizabeth Campbell, daughter of Major John Campbell of the 76th Regiment of Foot.

Principal works
see

 * Snizort Parish Church and manse (1800/1802)
 * Achnacarry House, Inverness-shire (1800) (completed by William Burn)
 * Alterations in the Gothic style, Lanrick Castle (1803)
 * New Kilpatrick Parish Church, Bearsden (1807)
 * A grand crescent of townhouses, Warriston Crescent, Edinburgh (1807, resumed 1817)
 * Arisaig Church (1809)
 * Cupar County Buildings (1810)
 * Drumtochty Castle (1810)
 * Falkirk Parish Church (1810)
 * Culdees Castle, Muthill (1810)
 * Sleat Manse, Skye (1810)
 * Fife County Prison, Cupar (1811)
 * Crawford Priory (1811)
 * Steeple of Monimail Church (1811)
 * Enlargement of Cameron House, Loch Lomond (1812)
 * Candleford House (1812)
 * Completion of Eredine House (1812)
 * Monument to Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, Comrie (1812)
 * Auchtertool Parish Church (1812)
 * Bowland House, Stow of Wedale (1813)
 * Clackmannan Parish Church (1815)
 * Gray's Hospital, Elgin (1815)
 * Liberton Parish Church (1815)
 * Edmonstone Castle near Biggar (1815)
 * Enlargement of Glenbarr Abbey (1815)
 * Torrisdale Castle (1815)
 * Glenfinnan Monument (1815)
 * Cambusnethan Priory (1816)
 * Inverary Courthouse (1816)
 * St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow (1816)
 * High Kirk, Dunoon (1816)
 * Keith Parish Church (1816)
 * The Market House, Duns (1816)
 * Channelkirk Church (1816)
 * Remodelling of Dunblane Cathedral (1817)
 * St Mungo's Parish Church, Alloa (1817)
 * Blythswood House, Renfrew, (1818) demolished, for the owners of the Lands of Blythswood, Glasgow
 * Drimsynie House, Lochgoilhead (1818) for the Campbells of Blythswood
 * Restoration of the Church of the Holy Rude, Stirling (1818)
 * Dunbar Parish Church (1818)
 * Remodelling of Duns Castle (1818)
 * Logie Easter Parish Church (1818)
 * George Street Independent Church, Glasgow (1819)
 * Nicolson Street Church, Edinburgh (1819) interior and roof lost to a fire in 1930s
 * Mar and Kellie mausoleum Alloa (1819)
 * Layout of Blythswood Square in Glasgow (1820) for William Harley
 * Manse at Kinloss (1820)
 * Lee Castle, Carnwath (1820)
 * Mountquhanie, Kilmany, Fife (1820)
 * Kirkwall School (1820)
 * Enlargement of Allanton Castle, Cambusnethan (1820)
 * Kilmaron Castle (1820)
 * Terrace of large townhouses, 1-11 Albyn Place, Edinburgh (1822)
 * Terrace of large townhouses, 1-11 St Colme Street, Edinburgh (1822)
 * Huge crescent of terraced houses, 1-36 Moray Place, Edinburgh (1822)
 * Crescent of houses and flats, 1-8 Randolph Crescent (1822)
 * Kersfield, Berwickshire (1822)
 * Kilmadock Parish Church, Doune (1822)
 * Mausoleum, Springwood Park, Kelso (1822)
 * Dormont near Dalton, Dumfriesshire (1823)
 * Dunninald Castle (1823)
 * Terraces houses, Alva Street, Edinburgh (1823)
 * Hamilton Square, Birkenhead for the Laird family from Greenock (1824)
 * Leith Tolbooth, Tolbooth Wynd, Edinburgh (1824) demolished to build Council housing
 * St John's Kirk, Perth (1825; reduction of north transept)
 * Layout of Blacket Place, Edinburgh (1825)
 * Enlargement of Wishaw House (1825)
 * Layout of Melville Street and Walker Street, Edinburgh (1825)
 * Rafford Parish Church (1825)
 * Dunino Parish Church (1826)
 * Enlargement of Inverkeithing Parish Church (1826)
 * Morham Manse, Haddington (1826)
 * Muthill Church (1826)
 * Commercial Bank, Inverness (1827)
 * Quality Street, Mutton Hole, now called Davidsons Mains, Edinburgh (1827)
 * Manse, Douglas, Lanarkshire (1828)
 * Murthly House near Dunkeld (1829)
 * 18 to 20 Queensferry Street, Edinburgh (1830)
 * Ardhmor House, Dalgety Bay (1830)
 * Dalgety Kirk, Dalgety Bay (1830)
 * Spire on Haddington Town House, Haddington (1830)
 * Errol Parish Church (1830)
 * Steeple on Montrose Old Church (1831)
 * Chapel at St Margarets Convent, Whitehouse Loan, Edinburgh (1834)
 * Bolfracks near Aberfeldy (1835)
 * Commercial Bank, Aberdeen (1836)
 * Greenside Parish Church, Edinburgh (1836)
 * Ardmaddy Castle (designed 1837, executed after death)
 * Chapel interior, George Heriot's School (1837)
 * Remodelling of Taymouth Castle (1838)
 * Remodelling of Kinglassie Parish Church (1839)
 * Tolbooth Church, Castlehill, Edinburgh (1839) now known as The Hub
 * Remodelling of Brodick Castle (1844)
 * Episcopal Chapel, Gask (1845)
 * Ayton Castle (1846)
 * Wester Bogie House, Abbotshall, Fife (1850)

External sources

 * The Glasgow Story retrieved 8 October 2007.
 * James Gillespie Graham retrieved 8 October 2007.

title: James Gillespie Graham


text:
Dagzê, Lhasa

Dagzê District is a district of Lhasa immediately east of the district of Chengguan, Tibet. The Lhasa River runs through the district. As of 2013 the total population was 29,152, mostly ethnic Tibetans engaged in agriculture. The district is home to the Ganden and Yerpa monasteries.

Location
Dazi means "Tiger peak" in Tibetan. It was founded in 1354. Dazi District was established in 1959. The district lies on both sides of the middle reaches of the Lhasa River. It is 20 km to the east of the city of Lhasa in Chengguan District. Zhanang County is to the south, Maizhokunggar County to the east and Linzhou County to the north.

The total area of the district is 1373 km2. It has an average elevation of 4100 m above sea level, and descends from higher ground in the north and south to 3730 m in the lowest part of the Lhasa river valley. Dazi is in a semi-arid plateau monsoon climate zone. The average temperature is 7.5 °C, with about 130 days free of frost. Average rainfall is 450 mm.

Administration
Dagzê District includes one town and five townships. The district seat is Dêqên Town, which had a population of 7,382 in 2003.

People and economy
As of 2013 the total population was 29,152. Most of the people are ethnic Tibetan but there are some Han people and other ethnic minorities. The main occupation is agriculture, including production of wheat, barley, rapeseed, potatoes and other vegetables. Livestock include yaks, cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks. Pigs are also farmed, mainly indoors. As of 2012 per capita income of farmers and herdsmen was 6,740 yuan. A growing amount of fruit and greenhouse-grown organic vegetables, edible mushrooms and medicinal plants is being marketed under the "Dazi Pure" label. As a sideline people make ethnic handicrafts.

Infrastructure
In 2010 there were 28 schools in the county, including one junior high school and one kindergarten, with 276 full-time teachers. There is a district hospital and five township hospitals. The Sichuan-Tibet Highway (China National Highway 318) runs through the county.

The Dazi Bridge, built by the Highway Bureau of Xizang Autonomous Region in 1984, crosses the Lhasa River. It is a steel suspension bridge with a main span of 500 m and a deck width of 4.5 m. In November 2014 it was reported that a new suspension bridge over the Lhasa River linking highway S202 to highway G318 was 80% complete, and would be opened to traffic in 2015. The total length including approaches was 1400 m, with the bridge being 727 m long. The roadbed was 12 m wide. The total investment was 88 million yuan.

Monasteries
The main monasteries in Dagzê are Ganden Monastery and Yerpa. Gandain monastery was built after 1409 at the initiative of Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelug sect, and is the most important of this sect. It is 57 km from Lhasa on the slopes of Wangbori Mountain at an elevation of 3800 m, on the south bank of the Lhasa River in Dagze County. The mountain is said to have the shape of a reclining elephant.

The monastery includes Buddha halls, palace residences, Buddhist colleges and other buildings. Dra Yerpa temple, on a hillside in Dagze County, is known for its meditation cave connected with Songtsän Gampo, the 7th century Tibetan ruler.

title: Dagzê, Lhasa


text:
Maizhokunggar County

Maizhokunggar County or Meldro Gungkar County is a county of Lhasa and east of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet Autonomous Region. It has an area of 5492 km2 with an average elevation of over 4000 m. Most of the people are ethnic Tibetan and are engaged in agriculture or herding. Mining is a major source of tax revenue, but has created environmental problems. The county has various tourist attractions including hot springs and the Drigung Monastery.

Geography
Meldro Gungkar means "The Place where Nagaraja Meldro lived" in Tibetan. "Mozhugongka" means a town at the end of the earth. It is a twin city of Nanjing. The county is located on the middle and upper sections of the Lhasa River (or Kyi River) and the west of Mila Mountain. The Gyama Zhungchu, which runs through Gyama Township, is a tributary of the Lhasa River. Mila (or Mira) Mountain, at 5018 m, forms the watershed between the Lhasa River and the Nyang River. The tree line on the north-facing slope of Mt. Mila is at 4360 m. Sijin Latso is located here.

Mozhugongka is about 68 km east of Lhasa. It has an area of 5492 km2 with an average elevation of more than 4000 m. Carboniferous sediments are found in the Lhunzub district of the Lhasa Terrane and to the south of Jang Co in the north of the terrane, but fossiliferous Lower Carboniferous has been found in the terrane only in the Maizokunggar district. The 600 m stratum is mainly composed of alternating layers of quartose sandstone, slates and subordinate limestones that include the coral Kueichowphyllum sp.

Climate
Mozhugongka County is in the semi-arid plateau temperate monsoon climate zone, with cold, dry and thin air, and high winds in winter and spring. The annual average temperature is 5.1 to 9.1 °C. The highest temperature recorded was about 30 °C in June, but the average highest temperature is 14 to 16.1 °C. The lowest temperature is -16 to -23 °C in January. There are about 90 frost-free days each year. Annual rainfall is 515.9 mm.

Population
The total population as of 2010 was 48,561 people in 9,719 households, the great majority engaged in farming and herding. 98% of the population are ethnic Tibetan.

Administrative divisions
Maizhokunggar County is divided into 1 town and 7 townships. From 1987 the seat of government has been in Kunggar in the west of the county.

Economy
Many of the people depend on agriculture, including farming and herding. Development efforts include increased farm animal husbandry, feedstock production, greenhouses for vegetables, and breeding programs. Crops include barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, canola, peas, cabbage, carrots, eggplant, cucumbers, lettuce, spinach, green peppers, pumpkins, potatoes and other greenhouse crops. In 2007 the county produced 23189100 kg of food products, and had 235,000 livestock excluding horses. Traditional folk handicrafts include pottery, willow basketwork, wooden objects, mats and gold and silver items. The county is especially noted for its pottery, which does not corrode, retains heat and has an ethnic style. It has a more-than-1000-year-old history.

China National Highway 318 runs through the county from east to west. The section in Mozhugongka County is 80 km long. There are over 70 rural roads in the county, with a total length of 650 km. Television is available to 36% of the population and radio to 48%. There is one high school, 14 full primary schools and 74 village schools. Mozhugongka has been selected as a Cooperative Medical System experimental site, which has resulted in a very high percentage of people with health care coverage. Efforts are being made to improve telecommunications and the road system and to attract tourists.

Construction of the Zhikong Hydro Power Station in Maizhokunggar County began in May 2003. The reservoir is at an elevation of 12660 ft above sea level. The project cost 1.37 billion yuan. The dam impounds 225000000 m3 of water. The 100 MW power station came into operation in September 2007. Another 26 small and medium-sized hydropower stations have a total installed capacity of 2,310 kilowatts.

The economy is driven by mineral extraction, which was expected to account for 73.85% of total tax revenue in 2007 while employing 419 people. Extensive mining in the mountainous regions between Gyama and Zibuk have turned areas of what was green pasturage into a grey wasteland. The authorities are reported to have suppressed protests by the local people.

The Gyama mine, located at 29.73303°N, 91.69153°W at an elevation of 4,034 meters in the Gyama Valley, is operated by a subsidiary, Tibet Huatailong Mining Development, of a subsidiary, Vancouver based China Gold International Resources Corporation, of China National Gold Group Corporation. It produces gold, molybdenum, and copper. Mining by the state-owned firm replaced small private mines in the area in 2006. About $500 million was invested in construction of the mining facility between 2008 and 2010. The mine, which is upstream of Lhasa, presents water pollution issues and has a history of rocky relations with local residents, many of whom have been displaced and relocated. In March 2013 the 2013 Gyama Mine landslide which killed 83, mostly Han miners, resulted in international attention by the media.

Landmarks
Scenic spots include the Bri-gung (Drigung) Monastery and the Dezhong Hot Spring, as well as the nature reserves. The Drikhung Thil Monastery of the Kagyu Sect was founded in 1179 by Lingchen Repa, a disciple of Phagmo Drupa. The monastery is the home of the Drikhung Kagyu School of the Kagyu sect. The Dezhong Hot Spring has abundant supplies of water, and was historically thought to have magical curative powers. It is popular with both tourists and local people. There are 47 religious sites with 634 Buddhist monks and nuns as of 2010. The 29 the monasteries consist of 11 of the Gelug sect, 16 of the Kagyu, 1 of the Nyingma and 1 of the Sakya. Jama wetland in Mozhugongka county is vulnerable to grazing and climate change.

The ruined Gyama Palace, in the Gyama Gully in the south of the county, was built by Namri Songtsen in the 6th century after he had gained control of the area from Supi. Songtsän Gampo, his son, was born in the palace. The traces of the mountainside palace indicate that it was an impressive complex. Three more recent white pagodas mark Songtsen Gampo's birthplace. Later the dynasty moved the capital of Tubo (Tibet) to Lhasa in 633 AD. Gyama was the site of fierce battles against the Mongolian Güshi Khan, who had been invited to Tibet by the Gelug sect. Beside the palace there are ruins of various fortifications from the Yuan (1271–1368) and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties.

title: Maizhokunggar County


text:
Talk:Chameleon

Colorblind
ize: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.218.59.209 (talk) 17:01, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

The video is a bit disappointing to me; I hope someone can find an fair use one that contains an example of the color-changing abilities of the chameleon. 68.36.144.32 (talk) 19:47, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Why do they change colour?
In the article it is written: "Contrary to popular belief, this change of colour is not an adaptation to the surroundings but rather an expression of the physical and physiological condition of the lizard."

I have recently been in contact with chameleons and I must say that it is indeed adaptation to it's surroundings. For example I watched a chameleon walking on a stone fence and it was yellow like the stone, then it went on a branch near the wall and into the bush and it changed to the color of the bush and then went on a dry bush and changed color to that of the dry bush. It was incontestably adapting to the color of it's surroundings. Anybody know why this article states it the way it does? Until then I'm putting a "factual accuracy" warning on it.

--- Sounds like a load of crap to me, I think it's better if someone changes it back to accepted views.

Well, they can change color to their surroundings to hide, but they also change according to their mood. 61.230.79.242 09:57, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

I own Chamaeleo calyptratus as a pet, and I've never seen her change colour to adapt to its surroundings. She lives in a large vivarium with many different colours and I even take her out occasionally but she only changes colour when she's offended or about to lay eggs. I've removed the tag because the current statement is sourced (National Geographic is seems like a valid source to me when talking about wildlife) yet the contrairy, that they change colour as a way of camouflage, isn't. 81.246.93.2 (talk) 16:58, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Notice that the National Geographic reference cited here is an article written for schoolchildren. Other more serious articles are quite explicit about the dual nature of colour change as both camouflage and social indicator. See e.g. here and here, quoting from Biology Letters and PLoS Biology respectively. I'm amending in line with the measured suggestion by Mwanner below. --Air (talk) 20:54, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * It can be entertaining to put a cameleon on a tartan. If it's not a native Scottish chameleon, serious injury can result. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots 22:58, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Scientists disagree
While it is true that Chameleons can change their color based on the surroundings for camouflage, it has been shown that they will change their color based on temperature, light, and mood. I guess the question is, for what reason do they mostly change their color?

Samielx 16:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I have changed the disputed sentence as follows: "Contrary to popular belief, this change of color is not only an adaptation to the surroundings but also an expression of the physical and physiological condition of the lizard. The skin color is changed under influence of mood, light and temperature."

I believe this is, in fact, correct. Hope this is acceptable to all. -- Mwanner 21:04, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Completely correct! 61.230.79.242 09:57, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

I dont know anyone to ask this so ill do it here, i have a project aboput chameleons and i have to make a poster about them i have three topics,food,habitat and description.I need at lest 6 topices can you write below what other topics i could use??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.235.238.178 (talk) 17:24, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Blind chameleon
doing a search for "Blind chameleon" will find you several sites stating:

A blind chameleon still changes colour to match its environment

but there is no source or any other infomation. anyone know?

 * I don't know about chameleons specifically, but most animals that undergo background adaptation show a greatly reduced ability to do so when blinded. This has been demonstrated widely in zebrafish :

 * "When placed on a dark background, melanin granules (also called melanosomes) become widely distributed within the processes of star-shaped black pigment cells, the melanophores. As a result, when viewed from a distance, the animal appears blackish. When placed on a light background, melanosomes become aggregated, and the animal appears pale. A direct projection from the retina to the hypothalamus provides the sensory input to this adaptation response. In most teleosts, the hypothalamus then induces the pituitary to secrete two hormones with antagonistic actions on the melanophores, one for dispersal and the other for aggregation of melanin."

Chameleons differ in the complexity of their pigment cells and also that their response is more rapid (seconds rather than minutes), however the principle is the same except they probably use a neuronal response in addition to a hormonal one. That said, some animals have light sensing cells ouside the eye, but it seems highly unlikely that these could mediate such complex colour changes that the chameleon can do. Moreover, Anoles are known to have excellent vision over a wide colour range, suggesting that their vision may play a large role in mediating their adaptation to background. But... blind chameleons will still be able to respond to stress and communicative cues by changing colour (as their hormones will still be released and their neurons will still fire - just not in response to vision). Thus, i think the evidence suggests that blind chameleons would not respond to background colours specifically, but that they would still change colour in respone to their wider environment. Hope that helps. Rockpocket 18:51, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Further reading reveals the chameleon does have a well developed pineal 'third eye' on its head. It has light sensitive cells that are only sensitive to violet and blue light. So this may well play some sort of role in colour adaptation, but is unlikely to mediate the entire response. However, if someone would like to volunteer their pet chameleon, i could easily do a bit of ad hoc surgery and we could find out.... ;) Rockpocket 18:56, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

I removed the statement A completely blind chameleon, in this way, can still take on the colors of its environment. First of all, it's a non sequitur. The preceding paragraph doesn't explain how a blind chameleon could take on the colors of its environment -- it just explains the mechanics behind a chameleon's color changes. Second of all, it's false. A blind chameleon can't take on the color of its environment, except perhaps accidentally. As Rockpocket suggests in hes excellent summary above, it could and probably would change color in response to environmental factors, but that's not the same as taking on the colors of its environment. See also. Kiscica 05:52, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. That one somehow went under my radar or else i would have removed it myself. Rockpocket (talk) 06:08, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

We have raised panther chameleons for a few years now, and I can safely say they do not change colour to match the back ground. The article is correct. They change colour to attract a mate, to warn off other males, to bask in the sun and to indicate mood or body temperature. The panther chameleon does not change colour to match its surroundings. Panther chameleons are the most colour chameleons - every colour imaginable. 4:37, Nov 6/06.

After reading the above, i am just wondering: How about colorblind chameleons? Do they adapt different? 77.164.181.26 (talk) 19:23, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

What about if other sensory input stimulates the memory of the chameleon? Similar to the way a blind person learns their way around a familiar environment like their house? They don't need the sensory input via their cane. So, if the chameleon finds itself smelling the same plant, feeling the same type of branch, or feeling the heat of the sun, is it not possible that the changing colour would happen, almost as a reflex? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.76.26.221 (talk) 03:36, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

I think the easy way to test this, for pet chameleon owners, would be to make a little black bag to put over it's head. Alternatively, if the "pineal eye" might be important, make it a tiny little blindfold. Might take a bit of time with some cloth and elastic, but it's not rocket science. Tho it is original research, it'd be nice to clear this probable myth up. And hey, just put it up on a web page then cite it.

94.197.127.192 (talk) 00:48, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Colour maths
Blue + yellow is never green.

Blue light + yellow light = white light. Blue dye + yellow dye = Black dye.

gfdgdo make green dye! The subtractive (true primary) colours are magenta, yellow and cyan. When perfrect examples of each are mixed, you will get black. Since there is little to no magenta in blue and yellow, they most certainly will not make black when mixed. How can mixing blue with a lighter colour produce a darker colour? Besides, any school kid knows yellow and blue make green! --Danfc 13:03, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

actually yes, blue and yellow light would create green light. green light consists of wavelengths between the two, so the average seen by our eyes would be greenish. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.93.142.253 (talk) 03:45, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * You have to think about it less in mixting paints or dyes, and more in terms of filtering wavelengths of light. This article explains it in more detail. Rockpocket 19:00, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Confusion probably caused by lack of clarity about schemochromes and biochromes, layering, reflection, absorption, transmission, interference et al. A layer of melanophores, then a layer of schemochrome containing chromatophores, topped by a layer of yellow and red biochrome containing cells can conceivably be manipulated to produce colours from black to blue to green to yellow/red to grey depending on how the animal changes the internal structure of the chromatophores. This should be cleared up under chromatophores or maybe a separate article on "colours on nature" (whew!). --Seejyb 08:17, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Further confusion comes from the fact that people use the word "blue" when they mean "cyan". Blue light plus yellow light is indeed white (if appropriate amounts of each are mixed) - but cyan light (which is blue+green and looks like "sky blue") plus yellow (red+green) equals red+blue+green+green.  Two shots of green for the price of one!  Hence, the result of mixing sky-blue light (as the chameleon does) with yellow would produce a light green color. SteveBaker (talk) 23:28, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Contrary to what you may believe...
Please accept the following as humble submissions. English being my second language, my phrasing sometimes comes across as arrogant. Take what you like and leave the rest.

I may have a bee in my bonnet, but "contrary to popular belief" in an encyclopedia article sounds condescending. To me it seems to be saying something like "ordinary stupid people believe this, but we know better". Furthermore, without a statistical survey of "popular belief", or a specification of in which population the belief is popular, it may not be true. In the diet section, may I suggest something like: "In illustrations, a chameleon is often depicted catching a fly with it's long tongue, but flies are not normally a a significant part of an adult chameleon's diet."

In the section on change of colour, it is sufficient to state the fact that colour change is both an adaptation to the environment and an expression of emotion. That is, confirm "popular belief" and add the relevant scientific perspective about the other functions of colour change. Possible edit?: "This change of color is not only an adaptation to the surroundings but is also an expression of the physiological state of the lizard (note that imho using the adjectives physical and physiological both is superfluous). Thus the skin color may change in response to changes in ambient light and temperature, as well as to changes in mood. While colour change is clearly advantageous as camouflage, it also plays an essential part in communication with other chameleons, relating especially to territorial and mating behaviour, such as rivalry fights." --Seejyb 08:49, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Well i think it is ok to say "contrary to popular belief". For example a display next to a Chameleon in the vivarium at Manchester Museum (seen August 2008) indicates that colour change is used for camouflage. I was alerted to the possibility it might not be true for a rerun of an episode of QI Series 1, Episode 4. This show specifically aims at exposing popular beliefs that are wrong.

''... the predator-spe- ciﬁc responses were consistent across populations despite variation in absolute contrast, providing strong evidence that the change in brightness (evident to the human eye) is an antipredator response. Also, we cannot conclude that chameleons adjust their brightness to appear equally cryptic to birds and snakes because we could not derive realistic measures of receiver-relative contrast.'' Billlion (talk) 12:29, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
 * On the other hand I am confused about exactly how they use colour change to avoid predation. I found this article . In the conclusions they say

What is it habitat?

merge with Chamaeleo?
What's the difference from Chameleon and Chamaeleo? There's no article there. Also, could someone identify this image? --Steinninn talk 20:50, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Chameleon is the English common name of several species in several genera. Chamaeleo is just one of these genera (exactly like Bradypodion, Calumma, etc). It can be compared to Apes which include Hylobatidae (gibbons) and Hominidae (humans, gorillas, etc). So no, merging Chameleon (= Chamaeleonidae) with the genus Chamaeleo would be a mistake, as they deal with different sub-groups. It would be nice to know exactly where you took the photo you link to. Kenya is a pretty large country and many chameleons have a very restricted range. The species I suspect it is, Chamaeleo hoehnelii, is found in the central highlands, e.g. it is fairly common near Nairobi. 212.10.92.201 20:32, 2 June 2007 (UTC)212.10.92.201 20:36, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for letting me know about your reply on my talk page, I would have missed it :D Ok, no merge needs to be done, but I put a tag up there because there is no intro at all in that article. I don't know exactly where the image was taken because I wasn't driving :P but I remember it wasn't very far from Nairobi. So Chamaeleo hoehnelii is probably it. I knew this would be the place to ask, I'm so grateful for your help. I think I'll put my picture up on the article since the other image doesn't have the proper license tag. --Steinninn talk 00:17, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Only oviparous and ovoviviparous?
I did a minor shuffle in the reproduction section. The article didn't make it absolutely clear that chameleons are either oviparous or ovoviviparous and nothing else, but I assume that's the case. If not, please edit it. 82.81.169.200 11:12, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

 * What else is there? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.122.63.142 (talk) 21:16, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Viviparous, which describes your placental mammalian mother, good poster, and mine as well.--Gagundathar Inexplicable (talk) 23:43, 15 September 2009 (UTC)

Spelling
This edit changed spellings from British to American spellings. I'm assuming the original spelling was British.Alphonze 04:54, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Strictly speaking, that's a clear no-no. The spelling established by the first major contributor should stand, unless the subject for some reason is particularly linked to e.g. USA or England (in which case the respective spellings should stand; see WP:ENGVAR). Had it been a recent edit, I would have reverted it. However, seeing that it has stood for some time, and the user who did it hasn't been doing it consistently since then (at least the - admittedly rather few - pages I checked don't indicate that), I don't see any compelling reason for reverting it. Measurements, of course, are a bit different (WP:UNITS), and this article falls well within SI, as relating to a non-US subject and being a scientific subject. • Rabo³  • 16:16, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

The type of eyes a chameleon has?
Is there a word, perhaps technical, for the type of independent eyes that a chameleon has? Jason Quinn (talk) 15:05, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

There is no specific word for chameleon's eyes, but they are described as independent (most lizards can aim each eye at a separate target,) and they have stereoscopic binocular vision, with rapid ability to change focus, which is sometimes described colorfully as telescopic.

Image
Current infobox image is no good: the chamaeleon in question fills about 5-10% of the image, but somewhere between 30% and 50% of the image would be preferable. In the current one, it is hard to perceive a chamaleon for all the brown grass. Possible solutions: 1. cut down the current one, remove all irrelevant grass and others, 2. substitute the current one for another that photographs the chameleon from the side. ... said: Rursus ( m bork³ ) 16:30, 14 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Also, the creature appears to be on chopsticks, which (to me at least) is so strange as to be distracting. Swapping it for one of the other pictures would be good. --catslash (talk) 15:10, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Though I am not as opposed to that picture as you two, I see your point(s). I have done a swap, but I wouldn't feel strongly if someone else were to swap this one in turn. JonRichfield (talk) 15:27, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Have cropped the image so the subject of interest fills the frame. Original is still, of course, up on Commons. Chiswick Chap (talk) 16:15, 3 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That is fine. I would not have minded if you had done the original as well. I still am looking for a better pic, but I don't have many and that is the only sp. where I live. Cheers, JonRichfield (talk) 17:21, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

video
This looks like an edit war brewing. FYI the link doesn't even work. --Guerillero (talk) 06:54, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

Video
http://www.funvid.eu/index.php?page=videos&section=view&vid_id=102894 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.182.195.122 (talk) 07:23, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

Parasitism
I've rewritten the parasitism section very quickly with basic citations. The text below was much too detailed for the context, and totally unsourced. If you have a use for it, and proper citations, feel free to add it back. Chiswick Chap (talk) 10:07, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

"Recognised parasites include:

 * Choleoeimeria bohemii - Meller's chameleon (Trioceros melleri)
 * Choleoeimeria brookesiae - spiny leaf chameleon (Brookesia decaryi)
 * Choleoeimeria glawi - panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)
 * Choleoeimeria hirbayah - veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
 * Choleoeimeria largeni - graceful chameleon (Chamaeleo gracilis)
 * Choleoeimeria tilburyi - Jackson's chameleon (Trioceros jacksonii)

 * Eimeria hajeki - pygmy chameleon (Rampholeon temporalis)
 * Eimeria vencesi - panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)
 * Eimeria worthi - Oustalet's chameleon (Furcifer oustaleti)

 * Isospora brygooi - panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)
 * Isospora jaracimrmani - veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)"  --- well I told you it was too detailed.

Chameleon etymology
The article seems to speak of the name "lion ground" as though it's a perfectly natural and obvious name for the creature. I'd be very interested to find out why exactly it's called that. Rikeus (talk)
 * I don't know. I don't know that there is a definitive answer at all. My best guess is that it is because the European chameleon, which first bore the name, is one of the few terrestrial species of chameleon, like Ch. namaquensis, (hence "ground") and reacts fiercely in its own defence. Does anyone have a better idea? JonRichfield (talk) 15:48, 19 July 2012 (UTC

More about parasites: reversion
JB5 edited the text in three places. One was just a English/American thing, and I would not have bothered with it, but the other two are problematic. "...are subject to several protozoan parasites..." became " are vectors for several protozoan parasites ". This, subject to fully referenced and defensible claims to the contrary (not a passing mention in a husbandry manual) is not a supported claim. There is a lot of difference between being a vector and being subject to an infection. In fact, there even is a lot of difference between being a reservoir and being a vector. It also suggests that they are vectors for diseases of other animals. There are a LOT of species of Plasmodium and most of them play no role in humans for example. That sort of claim needs a good deal of material epidemiological support and indication of which species are involved. There are many kinds of chameleons that occur in many regions.

Again, "...are susceptible to parasitism..." is a far stronger statement than "...are subject to parasitism..." and needs substantial support. We know that they get parasitised, but in most cases it is just one of those things. "Susceptible" suggests that they are prone to succumb. "Subject to" is more neutral, and would suit mild, routine afflictions as well as serious diseases.

So please, more detail before re-submission. JonRichfield (talk) 16:49, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

Norganimals?
The section "Change of colour" begins with the sentence "Being norganimals, some chameleon species are able to change their skin coloration.". What does the word "norganimals" mean? A google search of the word turned up only one result: this wikipedia page itself, which leads me to suspect that it is probably a typo. If so, somebody who knows what it's meant to say needs to correct it.

106.68.6.108 (talk) 14:09, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Chameleon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111111212443/http://torontozoo.com/ExploretheZoo/AnimalDetails.asp?pg=794 to http://www.torontozoo.com/ExploretheZoo/AnimalDetails.asp?pg=794

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:46, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Chameleon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.chameleonnews.com/lighting1.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150203195712/http://www.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/CHAMELEONS.pdf to http://www.usfca.edu/fac_staff/dever/CHAMELEONS.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:24, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

"Glow-in-the-dark" Bones
Hello, I am a student editor with WikiEducation. During my research, I found research from National Geographic stating that certain species of chameleons have bones that glow when under UV light. I would like to add this information to the Chameleon page, but how should I go about writing it? I did it once before, and I did not think I was against the guidelines, but my edit was removed. –S jacob1102 (talk) 20:37, 1 August 2018 (UTC)

Cultural perceptions
It could be of interest to include a section on cultural perceptions. The eleven years I lived in central, east and northeast Africa, I commonly found that people considered them poisonous, dangerous, and not to be handled. When I did so, I was warned that I might be poisoned. I have no independent documentation but wonder if there are any anthropological sources on this? Ptilinopus (talk) 23:23, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

Color change
It is well established that chameleons change color to attract mates, establish dominance and communicate their emotions. But is it a conscious act? Does the chameleon choose to change color or is it an automatic process triggered exclusively by reactions to external/hormonal stimuli? Kiwi Rex (talk) 17:39, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Which/that
I speak British English and believe it is correct to use that instead of which as the restrictive relative pronoun. This edit [] suggest that is an Americanism? I think it should be that. Billlion (talk) 08:34, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Both are actually in wide use in BE; I routinely use which in that context. Chiswick Chap (talk) 08:59, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

Spelling
I've just changed all the spellings from "color" to "colour" as this article has the template. According to the talk page Talk:Chameleon spellings were changed from colour to color in 2007. Looking at from 2005 (two years prior), the article did infact use British spellings, so I've brought it back to the original version. —Panamitsu (talk) 01:56, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

Awkward Wording
Paragraph 5 of colour change - “Chameleon colour palettes have evolved through evolution and the environment.” Is there a more concise way to write that? Remostain (talk) 19:19, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

Main Image Caption
The top-left image is of Brookesia micra, and the top right is Chamaeleo chamaeleon. The caption should read "Clockwise from top right ...", rather than from top left. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.29.133.76 (talk) 06:09, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chameleon


text:
Food City 500

The Food City 500 is an annual 500-lap, 266.5 mi NASCAR Cup Series points race held at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee. This is one of two NASCAR races held at Bristol, the other being the Bass Pro Shops Night Race. It was the first venue of the 2007 NASCAR schedule to host the fifth-generation NASCAR premiership race car, a race won by Kyle Busch. For much of its history, from 1961 to 1992 the race was run on the original asphalt surface, then on concrete from 1993 to 2020 after Bristol changed surfaces, but was moved to a dirt layout beginning in 2021, under the name Food City Dirt Race. Beginning in 2024, the race was held on the concrete oval.

Denny Hamlin is the defending race winner.

History
In 2008, Bristol Motor Speedway President & General Manager Jeff Byrd requested that NASCAR move the spring race to a later Spring date, to avoid the problems with rain, snow, and sleet that hit the area in late winter and early spring. This was not carried out until 2015. In 2015, the race moved from mid-March to April. Though every race besides 2016 has had some sort of rain alter the race including moving the race to Monday in 2017 and 2018.

In 2011, title sponsor Food City announced it would honor former Speedway President and General Manager Jeff Byrd, who died in October 2010, by renaming the 2011 Spring race the Jeff Byrd 500 presented by Food City.

In 2015, the race was renamed the Food City 500 In Support Of Steve Byrnes And Stand Up To Cancer to support NASCAR on Fox broadcaster Steve Byrnes in his battle with cancer, in association with the Entertainment Industry Foundation.

The 2020 race was dubbed the Food City presents the Supermarket Heroes 500 to honor grocery store workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dirt Configuration
In 2021, the race shifted to a dirt surface version of the track and was renamed the Food City Dirt Race. The race's stage lengths were initially set at 75 each for the first two segments followed by 100 in the final stage, but stages 1–2 were later adjusted to be 100 laps apiece following Friday practices.

In 2022, the race became a night race, and was run on Easter Sunday. Part of the reason it was moved from daylight to nighttime is because of visibility issues that plagued the event in 2021 with sunlight reflecting off the dirt.

On September 15, 2023, Bristol announced that the Food City 500 would return to the concrete oval, beginning in 2024.

Notable races

 * 1968: David Pearson won after a lengthy duel with Richard Petty and LeeRoy Yarbrough in a race prominently featured on the television series Car and Track.
 * 1971: Pearson won after tagging James Hylton into the wall; Pearson edged Richard Petty after Petty erased a two-lap deficit.
 * 1972: Mechanic (and later car owner) Junior Johnson saw the first of a plethora of Bristol wins over the ensuing two decades as Bobby Allison drove his Chevrolet to an easy win.
 * 1973: Driving Junior's Chevy, Cale Yarborough led all 500 laps, a feat he duplicated at Nashville in 1978 and by Jeff Burton at New Hampshire International Speedway in 2000.
 * 1974: Chevrolets swept the top ten finishing spots led by Yarborough.
 * 1975: Richard Petty posted only his second career Bristol win.
 * 1977: Cale led all but five laps in a race where five other drivers (including Janet Guthrie) needed relief help.
 * 1979: After Cale crashed out with Buddy Baker, rookie Dale Earnhardt took his first win.
 * 1981: Darrell Waltrip drove Johnson's Buick and edged Ricky Rudd, who was driving Waltrip's former car, the DiGard Racing Oldsmobile. Joe Millikan got into a wreck with Benny Parsons and said, "I lost my cool," to which car owner Bud Moore vowed, "I'll straighten out Millikan's cool."
 * 1984: Waltrip posted his seventh straight Bristol win and the eighth straight for Junior Johnson.
 * 1986: Rusty Wallace posted his first career win.
 * 1987: Dale Earnhardt was involved in several crashes en route to the win; Richard Petty finished second.
 * 1989: Wallace survived a chaotic race with multiple crashes and a wildcard victory bid by Greg Sacks.
 * 1990: A spirited event ended in a wild finish; Sterling Marlin was spun out by Ricky Rudd on the final lap while Davey Allison held off a last-lap charge from Mark Martin to win by inches.
 * 1991: Grasping for a solution to pit road crashes emanating from numerous incidents in 1990 (and never considering revoking the pit closure rule that was the ultimate cause), NASCAR had banned tire changes under yellow; for Bristol, this was replaced with the staggering of pit stops based on qualifying line — all "odd" cars (qualified first, third, etc.) would pit first under yellow while "even" cars would pit a lap later; the cars were denoted "odd" and "even" with stickers on their windshields after qualifying; restarts would be double-file based on "odd" and "even" stickered cars. More "even" cars wound up in contention, and this created chaos.  Rusty Wallace was able to pass cars under caution to move into his proper restart line, and this helped him come back from two laps down on two occasions.  The lead changed 41 times, a short track record, as Wallace edged Ernie Irvan at the finish.  Sterling Marlin suffered burns in a fiery melee and needed relief help in subsequent weeks from Charlie Glotzbach.
 * 1992: Alan Kulwicki won the race; the last to be held at Bristol before the switch from asphalt to concrete pavement.
 * 1993: Wallace dominated days after defending race winner, and defending Winston Cup champion Alan Kulwicki died in a plane crash.
 * 1994: An ill-timed yellow trapped Geoff Bodine a lap down and put Dale Earnhardt into the lead en route to the win. Bodine had begun dominating the race in the car formerly owned by Kulwicki and running Hoosier Tires; with the Hoosiers Bodine was able to skip tire changes that Goodyear-shod cars had to make.
 * 1995: Jeff Gordon took the win, his third in the season's first six races; the race saw notable performances resulting in top-five finishes for Darrell Waltrip and Bobby Hamilton.
 * 1997: Gordon punted Rusty Wallace sideways on the final lap for the win.
 * 1999: Wallace ran away at the end, while John Andretti rallied to finish fourth; Andretti's Petty Enterprises Pontiac was impounded after the race as NASCAR had a disagreement with the engine's compression ratio; the engine, though, cleared on reinspection.
 * 2000: Rusty Wallace scores his 50th NASCAR Cup Series win.
 * 2001: Elliott Sadler edged Andretti for his first win, and the first 1-2 finish for the Wood Brothers and Petty Enterprises since 1977.
 * 2002: With NASCAR running high downforce on the cars via big rear spoiler and low airdam clearance, and running very hard tires, Kurt Busch pitted on Lap 325 and never visited the pits again. He bumped Jimmy Spencer for the lead and went on to claim his first Winston Cup win. The move was one of several incidents to occur between Busch and Spencer in what was becoming a heated feud. Rusty Wallace was incensed at the manner with which Busch won the race (by not pitting when others did and thus winning on old tires with no drop in speed) enough that he lobbied NASCAR to cut downforce and go to softer tires in later years to force pitstops.DaleJarrettsLastRideSalute.jpg
 * 2003: In what was the 2,000th race in NASCAR Cup Series history, Kurt Busch came back from a spin to win the race. Also during the race, Kyle Petty got clipped by Ward Burton in the left rear and turned him very abruptly and into the wall driver's side. Petty's crash was then the biggest crash recorded by the black box, recording 80 G's of force on Petty.
 * 2004: The final race for Pontiac in the Cup Series as a whole, as Hermie Sadler No. 02 finished 31st.
 * 2005: Slight contact between Bobby Hamilton Jr. and Ken Schrader on lap 332 triggered a 14-car wreck. While Kevin Harvick was the winner, 22nd-place Bobby Labonte finished 32 laps down, a rarity for the series over the previous 25 seasons.
 * 2007: The Car of Tomorrow debuted. After Joe Gibbs Racing dominated the race, Kyle Busch drove a Hendrick Chevy to the win, then pointedly ripped the poor raceability of the COT in victory lane.
 * 2008: Dale Jarrett's last race.
 * 2010: Jimmie Johnson had never won at Bristol until this race; it was his 50th Sprint Cup Series win.
 * 2011: After track president Jeff Byrd's death in late 2010, Food City and Bristol Motor Speedway agree to name the race in memory of Byrd in a one-year-only deal.
 * 2013: Kyle Busch won the pole with a then-new track qualifying record at 14.813 seconds (129.535 mph). Kasey Kahne won his first Bristol race. The race also marked the start of a feud between Denny Hamlin and Joey Logano, after Hamlin spun Logano during the race.
 * Matt Kenseth burns down the house at Thunder Valley.JPG2014: Denny Hamlin started on pole with a new track record, his first pole of the season. The race was delayed twice, just like the Daytona 500, for rain. Matt Kenseth was involved in a wreck at lap 163 when Timmy Hill rear-ended into him after caution was called for a spin by Cole Whitt. Carl Edwards was leading with a few laps left when a mysterious caution was out. During an attempt for a Green-white-checkered finish, the rain started falling and the race was unable to be restarted and would end under caution.
 * 2015: The race was scheduled to begin at noon ET and be televised by Fox, but rain delayed the start for 79 minutes. A crash between teammates Brad Keselowski and Joey Logano brought out the caution on lap 19. During the caution, rain began to fall again. The rain was delayed until night and because Fox had another programming, aired on Fox Sports 1. The race resumed at approximately 6:30 p.m. ET, almost 5 hours after the 1st green flag. Although rain threatened to end the race twice, the race was run to completion. Matt Kenseth won, breaking a 51 race winless streak.
 * 2018: Rain and four red flags plagued the race on Sunday only getting in 204 laps with the race continuing and concluding on Monday. It tied the record for most red flags in a single NASCAR race with the 2015 Quicken Loans 400, also red-flagged four times. All four red flags in that event were due to weather. Kyle Larson led the most laps for the second straight year (200) but got spun by the lapped car of Ryan Newman at lap 325. Larson was back in the lead with less than 100 laps to go; he was heading for victory until pole-sitter Kyle Busch performed the "Bump n' Run" on Larson with 6 laps to go to steal the win, his 7th at Bristol.
 * 2021 The NASCAR Cup Series ran its first race on dirt since 1970 (51 years). After multiple accidents took out several of the pre race favorites, Joey Logano survived an overtime restart to become the first Cup Series driver to win on dirt in the modern era.
 * 2022 On the last lap, Tyler Reddick and Chase Briscoe battled for the win with Reddick in position for his first career Cup Series win. In Turn 3, Briscoe sent it in hard to pass Reddick and the two ended up making contact sending both of them spinning around. Reddick got back going but was passed just before the start-finish line by the 3rd place car in Kyle Busch and Busch took home the win with Reddick in 2nd.

Past winners

 * 1973: Race started on March 11 but suspended until March 25 after 52 laps due to rain.
 * 1974: Race shortened due to energy crisis.
 * 1985: Race postponed from March 31 due to rain.
 * 1996: Race shortened due to rain.
 * 2007–09, 2015 and 2021: Races extended due to NASCAR overtime.
 * 2014: Race extended due to NASCAR overtime, but overtime restart was aborted and race called due to rain.
 * 2017: Race postponed from Sunday to Monday due to rain.
 * 2018: Race suspended until Monday due to rain.
 * 2020: Race postponed from April 5 to May 31 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
 * 2021: Race postponed from Sunday to Monday due to heavy rain and flash flooding.

Track length notes

 * 1961–1969: 0.5 mile course
 * Since 1970: 0.533 mile course

title: Food City 500


text:
Rosalyn Higgins, Lady Higgins

Rosalyn C. Higgins, Baroness Higgins, (born 2 June 1937) is a British former president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). She was the first female judge elected to the ICJ, and was elected to a three-year term as its president in 2006.

Life
Born to a Jewish family in 1937 as Rosalyn Cohen, she married the politician Terence Higgins, Baron Higgins in 1961.

Education and career
Higgins studied at Girton College, University of Cambridge, receiving her B.A. degree in 1959 and an LL.B. degree in 1962. She was a Harkness Fellow between 1959 and 1961. Besides her undergraduate degrees, she also qualified with a M.A. degree. She continued her studies at Yale Law School earning a J.S.D. degree in 1962.

Following her education, Higgins was a practising barrister, and became a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1986, and is a bencher of the Inner Temple. She served on the UN Human Rights Committee for 14 years. Her role as member of the leading body for supervising implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights earned her respect for her diligence and competence. She resigned from the Human Rights Committee when she was elected to the International Court of Justice on 12 July 1995, re-elected on 6 February 2000, and ended her second term on 6 February 2009.

Her professional appointments include:

 * Specialist in International Law, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1963–1974
 * Visiting Fellow, London School of Economics, 1974–1978
 * Professor of International Law, University of Kent at Canterbury, 1978–1981
 * Professor of International Law, University of London (London School of Economics), 1981–1995
 * Vice President, British Institute of International and Comparative Law
 * Member of the UN Human Rights Committee.

Higgins is the author of several influential works on international law, including Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1994). Despite delivering many balanced judgements in different cases, Higgins's dissenting opinion in the ICJ's advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or the Use of Nuclear Weapons has been widely criticised by some legal scholars, on the grounds that it provides sovereign states with an unjustifiable amount of latitude in resort to the use of nuclear weapons in times of armed conflict.

In October 2009 she was appointed advisor on International Law, to the British government's inquiry into the Iraq war (Headed by Sir John Chilcot).

Honours and awards
Higgins is a member of the Institut de droit international. She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1995, and was advanced to Dame Grand Cross (GBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours. In 1988 she was appointed a Knight of the French Order of Academic Palms. Furthermore, in 2007 she was awarded the Balzan Prize for International Law since 1945.

Her competence has been recognised by many academic institutions, having received at least thirteen honorary doctorates, including from the University of Bath, as well as the Yale Law School Award of Merit and also the Manley-O.-Hudson medal.

title: Rosalyn Higgins, Lady Higgins


text:
User talk:Todeswalzer

Need to draw my attention to something? Leave me a brief message at the bottom of the page. (Don't forget to start a new topic if appropriate.) --Todeswalzer | Talk 05:12, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to Novels WikiProject
Hi, and welcome to the Novels WikiProject! As you may have guessed, we're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to fiction books often referred to as "Novels".

A few features that you might find helpful:

 * Our navigation box points to most of the useful pages within the project.
 * The announcement and open task box is updated quite regularly. You can watch it if you're interested; or, you can add it directly to your user page by including WikiProject_Novels_announcements there. While you are updating your userpage, don't forget our userbox User WikiProject Novels.
 * The project has a monthly newsletter; it will normally be delivered as a link, but other methods are available.

There are a variety of interesting things to do within the project; you're free to participate however much—or little—you like:

 * Starting some new articles? Our article structure guidelines / template outlines some things to include.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask one of the members, and we'll be happy to help you. Again, welcome! We look forward to seeing you around! :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page) / (Desk)  09:59, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

And don't forget to add the userbox to your userpage. Thanks. :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page) / (Desk)  09:59, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Camus: The Fall
From your edits, I think you have done great work. Unfortunately, I cannot help you here, having not read the novel in entirety (and having no time to read it soon). I could recommend this work because of the high praise I read in Martin Seymour-Smith's 50 European Novels, where he chooses it as one of the 50 most influential European novels.

One advice though. Try not to give away too much of the plot in the lead paragraphs, in case you must put in a spoiler sign. It is usually more beneficial to tell what the novel is about thematically in the lead rather than to spill details about the plot. In that way, no one could complain you spoiling their reading pleasure.

Once more, welcome to Wikipedia. Mandel 09:36, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Dickens A Tale of Two Cities.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Dickens A Tale of Two Cities.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that the image is unlicensed for use on Wikipedia and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Hi, I recently replaced your uploaded cover image with an image of the original cover of the book per User:Chick Bowen/Bad book covers. A recent cover like yours technically would not be acceptable under the "replaceable" clause of our fair use policy, since the books' original covers, title pages, etc. would be free. Thanks, and I was just letting you know that I did this. QueenStupid 06:50, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Epic of Evolution
Hi. I wrote an article on the Epic of Evolution which has been deleted. I am new to wikipedia and don't know why it was deleted and redirected. You had written a note about it, offering that I write you with questions. So here's my question: Can it be put back up? Or is a deletion forever? Who should I talk to about this? Momosean 05:52, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Musical nationalism
Yes: good idea:  that sounds like fun. I have a few good sources within arm's reach. I remember being just a little horrified when I first encountered that article, because, as you say, it's little more than a list of composers by country. I need to do something besides vandal reversion anyway; I've been doing a job a monkey could do. Cheers, Antandrus (talk) 02:16, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

About "The Secret Agent" and "Unabomber"
Hi there, thanks for the concern on the need to have reference. Unfortunately, such knowledge is only cross referenced from Unabomber (see Theodore_Kaczynski). If you like, you can delete it, for I am interested not of the novel, but of Unabomber. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by George Leung (talk • contribs) 03:02, 10 April 2007 (UTC).

That guy on my talk page
Quite the specimen, wasn't he? Thanks for your note -- the kind of action that helps support the belief that the lunatics haven't entirely taken over the asylum. Bolivian Unicyclist 14:45, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Descent_Theme.ogg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Descent_Theme.ogg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 09:07, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Theme_B.ogg
I have tagged Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Theme_B.ogg as no rationale, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 09:08, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Theme_C.ogg
I have tagged Image:Dante_Symphony_-_Theme_C.ogg as no rationale, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 09:08, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:Mountain_King_theme.ogg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:Mountain_King_theme.ogg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 17:45, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

How to do fair use rationale.
I noticed you were having some trouble with this, or commented about it on some fyodor doestoevsky article discussion. I fixed it, but all you have to do it fill out this template: If you see any other images like that, just fill it in. See Template:Non-free_media_rationale for more info. Best of luck. SECProto 20:02, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Camus' The Fall
Currently the article says: 'Furthermore, the laughter is described as a "good, hearty, almost friendly laugh," whereas, mere moments later, he describes himself as possessing a "good, hearty laugh."'

Do you have a page number for the reference to Clamence's laugh? I've been combing the book and can't find it. The only hearty laugh I can find is the mysterious stranger's.

76.118.179.55 (talk) 20:31, 28 November 2007 (UTC)J--76.118.179.55 (talk) 20:31, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi there! Thanks for pointing out the lack of a reference on the laugh -- I've now added the information to the article. In my version of the text (which is an anthology of several of Camus' works), descriptions of both laughs appear on the same page (297). In addition, I've added an external link to a digital searchable copy of the text. I hope this helps you. --Todeswalzer | Talk 01:57, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Hi Todeswalzer, I reworked the second introductory paragraph in The Fall which is concerned with the novel's technical aspects and, seeing that you wrote the majority of the article from the discussion page, I wanted to ask your input, e.g., the noosphere. Also, thank you for writing the article! Very well done. GuamIsGood (talk)

Novels Collaboration of the Month
You supported Nausea (novel), which has been selected as the Novels WikiProject's new Collaboration of the Month. Please help improve this article towards featured article standard. :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  15:41, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

19th-century novels task force
Hi,. I'm starting up a 19th-century novels task force for WP:NOVELS. This would cover the works of many well-known authors, including Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Victor Hugo and Leo Tolstoy. If you think you'd be interested in supporting or participating in the task force, please let me know. Cheers. – Liveste [ talk • contrib] 10:42, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The 19th century task force on WikiProject Novels has now started in earnest. Feel free to check out the list of tasks, particularly in tagging articles for the task force. Cheers. – Liveste (talk • edits) 04:36, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

The Novels WikiProject Newsletter - Issue XXII - March 2008
The March 2008 issue of the Novels WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you. This is an automated delivery by KevinalewisBot --17:58, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Novels - 1st Coordinators Election
An election has been proposed and has been set up for this project. Description of the roles etc., can be found at WikiProject Novels/Coordinators. If you wish to stand, enter your candidacy before the end of March and ask your questions of anyone already standing at WikiProject Novels/Coordinators/May 2008. Voting will start on the 1st April and close at the end of April. The intention is for the appointments to last from May - November 2008. For other details check out the pages or ask. KevinalewisBot (talk) 14:11, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

LATEST: Thank you, it is the best comment I ever had in Wikipedia.... fair enough and helpful... but, you see, I am Greek, and Camus sain in the Nuptials that he was Greek... so, I cannot be prejudiced but, also, just fair! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.49.217.61 (talk) 22:05, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

The Novels WikiProject Newsletter - Issue XXIII - April 2008
The April 2008 issue of the Novels WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you. John Carter (talk) 23:12, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

The Novels WikiProject Newsletter - Issue XXIV - May 2008
The May 2008 issue of the Novels WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you. SteveCrossinBot (talk) 08:21, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

The Novels WikiProject Newsletter - Issue XXV - June 2008
The June 2008 issue of the Novels WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you. SteveBot (owner) 04:59, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Calling all active WP:NOVELS members
 WikiProject Novels Roll Call WikiProject Novels is currently holding a roll call, which we hope to have annually. Your username is listed on the members list, but we are unsure as to which editors are still active within the project. If you still consider yourself an active WP:Novels editor, please add your name back to the Active Members list. Also feel free to join any of our task forces and take a look at the project's Job Centre to get involved!

Next month we will begin the coordinator election selection process. We hope to have more involvement and input this time around! More news will be forthcoming. Thanks, everyone! María ( habla con migo ) 13:53, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Novels Newsletter - September 2008
This newsletter was automatically delivered by TinucherianBot (talk) 15:34, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Dissent Magazine Logo.PNG)
Thanks for uploading Image:Dissent Magazine Logo.PNG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 15:26, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Joseph Conrad - The Secret Agent.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Joseph Conrad - The Secret Agent.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:05, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:Camus - Exile and the Kingdom.jpg)
Thanks for uploading File:Camus - Exile and the Kingdom.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 21:55, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Confidence-Man.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Confidence-Man.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. J Milburn (talk) 17:30, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:Confidence-Man.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Confidence-Man.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. J Milburn (talk) 17:30, 11 July 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Dante Symphony Motif 4.PNG

The file File:Dante Symphony Motif 4.PNG has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned file with no obvious value in transferring to Commons"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Salavat (talk) 06:45, 30 May 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Todeswalzer


text:
Walk on the Wild Side

Walk on the Wild Side may refer to:
 * A Walk on the Wild Side, a 1956 novel by Nelson Algren
 * Walk on the Wild Side (film), a 1962 film adapted from Algren's novel
 * "Walk on the Wild Side" the title song of the 1962 film, by Mack David & Elmer Bernstein
 * "Walk on the Wild Side" a 1972 Lou Reed song
 * Walk on the Wild Side: The Best of Lou Reed, an album
 * Walk on the Wild Side (TV series), a 2009 UK comedy sketch show
 * Walk on the Wild Side, a British TV documentary produced by Daniel Abineri

title: Walk on the Wild Side


text: User talk:70.179.160.19

title: User talk:70.179.160.19


text: User talk:81.156.207.233

title: User talk:81.156.207.233


text:
Talk:Telework

E-Work, Telework, and Telecommuting must be merged together. While the articles claim certain subtle differences, this is a natural result of the evolution of the notion, which is basically the same.mikka (t) 17:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Telework