text:
Talk:Electrophilic aromatic substitution

VERY INFORMATIVE
This article is simply awesome!

Proposed merger with Electrophilic substitution
I oppose the complete merger of this page with the other. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is simply the commonest example of electrophilic substitution, but it is important enough (one of the top ten organic reactions IMHO) to warrant its own page. However I accept that the current page on electrophilic substitution is almost totally concerned with electrophilic aromatic substitution, and that page is in fact a much better page. I would like to see the content from Electrophilic substitution moved here, then new content written on the topic of electrophilic substitution in general. This should cover the 53 electrophilic substitution reactions which are NOT aromatic substitutions, as listed in Jerry March's Advanced Organic Chemistry (5th ed, Wiley), as well as describing EAS. Examples include things like alpha halogenation of carbonyl compounds, nitrosation of active methylene compounds, etc. Walkerma 04:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

I did propose the merger and I agree with Walkerma that a content switch is the better solution and not the just the merge, do any guidelines exist for this type of edit? If ES officially merges to EAS then EAS is the main article and ES a redirect. EA can then start all over with new content starting with the first two lines of EA or something like that V8rik 16:30, 14 July 2005 (UTC).

I suppose I also oppose merging the two completely, since EAS is a quite rich topic. The EAS page would be perfect for diagrams that make clear(er) the reasons why certain groups activate the ring and others deactivate it. I do hope I haven't stepped on any toes by substantially updating the EAS article - now that I look at the diagram again, it isn't the best... Ataru 8 August 2005

 * we agree on the content switch and not the merge, will try to implement this 48 hours from now, so any suggestions wellcome. the new pics are LARGE. try using a thumb, also see Arene substitution patterns for explanation on ortho, meta, para, do not have to repeat everything 10 times. V8rik 23:02, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, drat. I looked for ortho/meta/para and didn't see it anywhere.  Thanks...  I'll let you handle the merge; if you can size the diagrams appropriately, have at it.  Ataru 2 August 2005 (How do you get the dang timestamp?)

reshuffle with electrophilic substitution
collected all the material from both pages and merged. tried to keep most of the previous edits in one piece but not always possible. All 5 main reactions have their separate pages so plenty of room there for additions, there is also a page called activating group you might consider. Also try consider downsizing the pics. V8rik 20:14, 4 August 2005 (UTC) (by the way thats 4 tilde signs in a row)

I like the material, but I'm not sure the diagrams will work off to the right where they are, especially if there are more in the future. Nice job though, thanks... Ataru 00:33, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Diagrams
I still like the diagrams, and I like all the new content, but they don't seem to fit very nicely together... Ataru 23:08, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

What is the meaning of these abominations
This page is great except for one thing! Why should anyone learn these reactions?? What are they used for in industries, what is the main functions of the products of these various reactions? Who invented the reactions, where is the human angle?

I really do hate learning abstract reactions that seem distant to human endevour.

Ipso substitution
I have created a section on ipso substitution. Sadly I cannot do structures at the moment :-(

lewis acid used
the lewis acid used for the generation of electrophile in aromatic halogenation is usually AlX3

Sidhu 2201 (talk) 13:49, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

addition of animation
Dear Contributors for EAS, Next semester, I would like my students to create animations for various reaction mechanisms and post them onto Wikipedia to take advantage of the additional media that Wikipedia now allows in order to further the public's understanding of chemistry and to explore new avenues for their learning. The videos/animations will be very similar to the animation posted here in this page as an example. Thoughts and suggestions? Thank you. MichChemGSI (talk) 07:20, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Hi MichChemGSI, I am all for it, great idea. On the other hand the current animation would be not acceptable. Way too fast and details too small, it is a demo right? Can you perhaps have it displayed on the talk page for this discussion? V8rik (talk) 16:25, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

 * sure! here's the animation: EASanimation-large.gif yeah, i'm working on a version that is slower and larger. I'll wait for more input before I post another animation. MichChemGSI (talk) 02:04, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * i'm thinking of also adding labels like reagent, products, electrophile, etc. MichChemGSI (talk) 02:06, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

 * That sounds like a great idea but there is a general problem with .gifs in that they are either poor quality but small enough for dial up connections or too detailed but too large. Have you thought about making videos as .oggs and adding these instead? This would allow you to make bigger files as people would only have to load them if they wanted to look at them. (If you want help with graphics, the people over at Graphic Lab may well be able to help). SmartSE (talk) 15:17, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

 * yes, i have noticed that most of the videos are .ogg. Can you lead me to a program that can convert my files to .ogg? or how to make .ogg files? I have pretty limited programing knowledge and am unfamiliar with this format. Thanks! MichChemGSI (talk) 15:54, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

 * update: ok so i have been working hard on how to make this not an animated gif and found a few resources referring to .ogv or .ogg. it seems as thought it is not very easy to convert GIFs to .OGV (please see here) because we have to first draw these in chem draw then transfer them to a program like GIMP, they will be saved as GIFs. ideas for how to make the GIFs better quality? or have i not found the right place to convert GIFs. There seems to be a command line option: see here, but as i'm not too familiar with coding, and we'd like this to be as easy as possible for the students. Thanks!MichChemGSI (talk) 20:38, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This is a great idea. As a teacher myself, I see great value in students contributing to wikipedia (goes both ways).  My comment on the animations is that it needs some captioning to explain what is going on.
 * As one of those guys from the Graphic Lab (and a chemist), I don't think there is a general way of animating reactions smoothly. This contributes to the lack of animated reaction mechanisms on the web in general.  If you give up on smooth animations, powerpoint/keynote type of presentations actually do quite well in generating either video or GIF.
 * One option you have not mentioned is to show the front piece of the mechanism in an image-box, with the caption "click to see mechanism", and link it to the animated GIF.
 * BTW - you may want to get your students to try MarvinBeans. It's free for academic use (and wikipedia), and your students can contribute from home ;)
 * Jon C (talk) 20:05, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion Jon! Here's a new version using PP! This helped a great deal as I was able to also convert it to .ogg! Thoughts? I hope that it is slower! EAS animation2.ogg — Preceding unsigned comment added by MichChemGSI (talk • contribs) 23:22, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This is no longer too fast to see, but still too fast for the reader to comprehend, especially if they haven't seen it before. The frame-rates can be higher so it's not nearly as jagged (aim for 30fps if PP supports it).  Mechanism_trial.theora.ogv

I think a caption and color system is necessary - and it's probably useful for your students to have a template to work from, so the mechanisms are standardized across the whole wikipedia-scape. How much time do you have for the students to do this, and how much of your own time can you commit to working out the kinks? Jon C (talk) 04:16, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * ogg looks great, I would opt for maximized use of color and captions, I support Jon C's suggestion to get everything standardised. Is it possible to do everything open source ? V8rik (talk) 18:28, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I just realized after uploading that my .ogv is messed up - in the quicktime version it pauses at every point for a mouse-click, and that was lost during the conversion. While it's probably possible to do everything open-sourced (OpenOffice Presentation), MC-GSI may not want to force his/her student to install and use that.  I think a template should be developed for PP, keynote, and OO.o for maximum compatibility; the template would use free fonts (e.g., helvetica), supports common animated symbols (e.g., reaction arrows and electron flow), and only standard functions (e.g., no magic move).  It would be useful to have a central repository to host the source files so the completed mechanisms can be built upon and modified by others (I can help set that up if you wish). Jon C (talk) 19:11, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I also agree with needing to adding color. I wanted to do a quick upload to figure out how to do the ogg conversion. We definitely have a plan on standardizing the formating for these. And I very much thank you for the great suggestions on how to format. The animation will be one part of the entire page that the students will be working on. They will for the most part commit about 2 hr/wk for 1/2 a semester just to the animation. And yes, I am committed to working out the kinks, I'd rather set aside a model/standard before the students start making the animations so that I don't have to retroactively fix theirs.
 * I am looking into how to make templates in PP, but can you clarify a few things in your comment?

 * what do you mean by supports common animated symbols? (I originally planned on using Chemdraw (students have access to this, and c/p into PP)
 * what are magic moves?
 * It would be great if you could help me set up a repository! I also think that it would be a great idea to have it be modified by others (however, can the students upload to it after they are done? or request that it not be modified by others until the end of the semester? (I fear that my advisors on this project would like to and are concerned about assessessing the students' own work) MichChemGSI (talk) 15:47, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

 * 12 hours is a pretty good time-frame for making the result detailed and pretty, especially if the groundwork is already laid down. After the templates are done, you'd probably want to get someone to give things a try to make sure it works well.
 * I still strongly recommend MarvinBeans as part of the workflow. If you don't already know, MarvinBeans is a java application (cross-platform), free for academic use, and contains the equivalent of ChemDraw, Chem3D, property calculators and more.  The files it make are not locked into a proprietary .cdx.  Most relevant to us (you ;)), all the atoms in the structure it draw are already colored.
 * Animated symbols: you'd like all the molecules/electron flows/arrows to come in and out the same way; leave to entropy, some will "dissolve" out while others will "explode". The easiest way is probably to prepare a "toolkit" page in your templates that already had the arrows/flows defined, so the students only need to copypasta it into the right position without needing to worry about the setup at all.  (Same goes for fonts.)
 * Magic Move: it's a feature in KeyNote (OSX's presentation software), which smoothly blends two slides that has the same elements together. With vector images (and a skilled illustrator) it makes amazing presentations.  I don't know if it's in PP/OO.o.
 * I'm thinking about somewhere like Launchpad/Bazaar for the repository. Even though we're not writing code, this is still useful because the versioning lets you step through the changes they've made and make sure the authenticity of the work.  I strongly recommend that all the pieces be uploaded (i.e., not only the result video files, but also the intermediate PP/.keynote/OO.o and .mol/.cdx)  Have you used a version control system before? Jon C (talk) 04:53, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your quick response! I do understand your push for MarvinBeans, but so not to overwhelm the students as they will be learning to code in Wikipedia for this semester, I think that I will stick with ChemDraw so that my advisors do not freak out. If it was me, i'd have them use it. but perhaps we can introduce the program after our first iteration of this project.
 * ok, so i might have to upload to the repository, will that be a problem with Wikipedia? (as i cannot move the pages of my students from their sandbox to the live page, I had this issue last semester). And I have never used a version control system so I am not familiar with how that works. MichChemGSI (talk) 20:02, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Heya. I'm not sure if you want to upload the animations on behalf of your students, or if you want them to setup a personal account and upload it themselves (sounds like the latter though?)  In any case, the repository and wikipedia would be separate uploads - your students wouldn't (shouldn't) do any uploading to Commons until The Old Ones have checked the make sure it's (at least) factually correct.
 * A version control system is most useful for text/code, but also a generally good way of making sure that there is a continuous history for the different components. (The history-keeping of wikipedia is in effect a versioning system.)  It's useful for any kind of >20 page projects (e.g., I write my thesis and papers with Bazaar), especially when it involves multiple authors.  Bazaar is the CVS for Launchpad and it's quite easy to use.
 * As with MarvinBeans, a CVS may not be something that you want to get your students to be involved in at the moment. (I presume there is probably also resistance from your prof to try all kinds of new things at once.)  Do try to get them to produce things in open non-proprietary formats so the assets do not need to be replicated from scratch at another time.
 * There is a new "organic chemistry" Wikiprojects, and I've referred them to you. You may want to chime in there as well, since you know the scope and intents better than any of the other 6.9b people on earth :) Jon C (talk) 23:53, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

Aromatic Sulfonation
The Aromatic Sulfonation of Benzene will produce the compound Ph-SO3H, not Ph-SO2H. See also: Aromatic sulfonation, which is also linked in the article, in the same section where the wrong reaction is shown. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.147.5.29 (talk) 17:44, 15 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Seconded! -- UKoch (talk) 20:15, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Bronsted base? I thought it was a Lewis base!
Um, is this edit correct? -- UKoch (talk) 21:16, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
 * On second thought, it doesn't seem wrong. It seems to be both a Bronsted base and a Lewis base. -- UKoch (talk) 17:35, 15 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20121215085720/http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtTxtJml/benzrx1.htm to http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtTxtJml/benzrx1.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:50, 19 September 2017 (UTC)


text:
Plaridel

Plaridel can refer to:
 * the penname of Marcelo H. del Pilar
 * Arellano University – Plaridel Campus
 * J. Plaridel Silvestre, Scouting notable, awardee of the Bronze Wolf in 1977
 * The name of three places in the Philippines:
 * Plaridel, Bulacan
 * Plaridel, Misamis Occidental
 * Plaridel, Quezon
 * Plaridel Airport
 * Port of Plaridel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Plaridel


text:
Sampaloc

Sampáloc is the Tagalog word sampalok (tamarind) rendered in Spanish orthography. It is the name of certain locations in the Philippines:

 * Sampaloc, Manila
 * Sampaloc, Quezon
 * Lake Sampaloc

title: Sampaloc


text:
Talk:City on Fire (1987 film)

Untitled
I altered the claims that Reservoir Dogs was based on this film. I own both films, and they're not as similar as urban legend would have it, though if someone wants to add more specific examples, that would be illuminating. --Misterwindupbird 04:59, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * yeah, the story's the same, but the tensions are different. most of cof is the robbery; the rendezvous is like thirty seconds where the boss says "it must be him he's new." we might try a "city on fire and resevoir dogs" section, discussing both the exaggerated reports of similarity, and the actual similarities. Nateji77 16:03, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, there is peer documentation from a 90's issue of FILM THREAT in an article by Zimmerman, who used to be the reviewer for local Detroit mag ORBIT. This is why Tarentino wears an Orbit T-shirt in Pulp Fiction. MMetro (talk) 10:44, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

"What Happens Next: A History of American Screenwriting" by Marc Norman - at page 458 he says "[..] websites posted lengthy exegeses comparing Reservoir Dogs side by side with a 1987 Hong Kong thriller written and directed by Ringo Lam called City on Fire [...]. But Tarantino had always advertised his sources; The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, a 1974 thriller [...] and the Reservoir Dogs screenplay title page dedicated the movie to, among others, Roger Corman, Chow Yun Fat, Godard, Melville, and the obscure 1950s action director Andre De Toth." --Gonnym (talk) 09:46, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:City on fire 1987.jpg
Image:City on fire 1987.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:54, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on City on Fire (1987 film). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060512052002/http://www.ronlim.com/worldarchive/tarantino.html to http://www.ronlim.com/worldarchive/tarantino.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:43, 8 August 2017 (UTC)

misplaced element
Under the paragraph title 'Cast' weirdly and uncommonly it first says "Sources:[2][3]" before the list of characters' and actors' names begins. Should anyone know where this really belongs it would be nice if they'd remove it from here (and put it there instead). Thanks! :-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:3037:415:E739:7917:5AFF:71D7:C0D5 (talk) 06:28, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:City on Fire (1987 film)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Cryptography/archive1

Cryptography
This article seems to be well writen in my opinion, it's not biased, and it has some nice external links for additional information. It follows the Manual of Style, and is accurate IMO. Exir Kamalabadi(Talk)(contribs) 04:59, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object, it's a well structured summary article, but it has no references, also some more images would be nice--nixie 05:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. No references. Otherwise, the article seems fine, though. No need for additional images, IMHO. Phil s 11:54, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional Support - Referance the article and i'll support it. --ZeWrestler 14:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object This is very much a summary article, and I don't think it's quite FA status. --JB Adder | Talk 23:52, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object. Many external links are given, and the article is somewhat thorough, but offline references need to be cited to inform readers where the author(s) got the information from. — Stevey7788 (talk) 17:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. One word: comprehensive. Also rare to see such good articles with open-ends on Wikipedia. Deryck C. 09:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Mild object. Unless inline reference is done. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 18:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Tayabas (disambiguation)

Tayabas is a city in the Philippines.

Tayabas may also refer to the following places in the Philippines:

 * Quezon, formerly known as Tayabas Province
 * Tayabas Bay
 * Tayabas Isthmus

title: Tayabas (disambiguation)


text:
Iguala

Iguala, known officially as Iguala de la Independencia, is a historic city located 102 km from the state capital of Chilpancingo, in the Mexican state of Guerrero in southwestern Mexico.

Geography
The city of Iguala stands on Federal Highway 95 about 130 km SSW of Mexico City. Iguala is the municipal seat of the Municipality of Iguala de la Independencia, located in the north-central part of the state.

The city had a 2005 census population of 110,390 and the municipality 128,444. The area of the municipality is 567.1 km2. The city is the third-largest community in Guerrero, after Acapulco and Chilpancingo.

History
General Vicente Guerrero was the first military leader to swear allegiance to the Mexican flag in Acatempan, on March 12, 1821. On February 24, the Plan de Iguala had been signed by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, ending the long Mexican War of Independence.

Gaining independence from Spain was represented by the first national flag, known as the Flag of the Three Guarantees, which was made by José Magdaleno Ocampo. Thus, Iguala is called the birthplace of the Flag of Mexico.

Iguala mass kidnapping
On 26 September 2014, 43 students from the Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Teachers' College in Ayotzinapa were kidnapped, disappeared, and likely murdered, provoking ongoing national protests and international attention. Mexican Federal Police and Iguala's police department and former mayor have been implicated in the students' kidnapping and disappearance; members of the Guerreros Unidos drug cartel in the mass murder. The governor of Guerrero state, Ángel Aguirre Rivero, resigned amid the scandal.

Features
The San Francisco Church (Iglesia de San Francisco) is a landmark in the city, built in the 19th century in the Neoclassical style. It is surrounded by tamarind trees, and for them Iguala is known as "la Ciudad Tamarindera" (the Tamarindo city).

The Lagoon of Tuxpan (Laguna de Tuxpan), is a lake in the outskirts of the city, located in the small town of Tuxpan. It is known for its beauty, and popular seafood restaurants. Natives of Tuxpan have worked hard to maintain the popular lagoon healthy for the locals and the city people that visit every weekend.

Events

The Iguala Flag Fair is held in late February annually. It is one of the most important annual festivities for the people of Iguala. It is celebrated with a parade of floats, cockfights, and Mexican handcrafts and folk art exhibitions. Iguala's local artisans create gold and silver jewelry.

Sister City

 * '''🇺🇸 Aurora (2007)

title: Iguala


text:
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia

Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (Дми́трий Константи́нович; 13 June 1860 – 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia. He followed a military career. Although he never played any political role, as a relative of Tsar Nicholas II, he was executed by firing squad at the walls of Peter and Paul Fortress during the Russian Civil War.

Early life
Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich was born at Strelna on 13 June 1860, the third son and fifth child of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna, born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg. When Dmitry turned 7 his education was turned over to Alexei Zelenoy, an officer who had served under his father in the Imperial Navy. His lessons followed the usual course: science, arithmetic, Russian and world history, composition, and geography alternating languages and the arts. He learned besides Russian, French, German and English. Like all the male members of the Romanov family, he was destined from birth to follow a military career. At his christening, Dmitry was named honorary colonel in Chief, a month later he was enrolled in the Guard Equipage, and in the Imperial family's 4th Rifle Battalion Life Guards Infantry Regiment.

Dmitry's father, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, was Admiral General of the Russian Navy and hoped one of his sons would follow in his footsteps. With this in mind, Dmitry received lessons in naval warfare and tactics. His religious education left a big imprint on him. He would be a deeply religious man all his life. As both of his parents were musical, he received singing lesson and learned to play the piano and the violin. Dmitry was a diligent and good student, polite and attentive, capable and kind. He was also very shy and introverted, preferring quiet times reading to more usual pursuits of childhood.

Formative years
His parents' marriage was unhappy and Dmitry was still a child when his father started a new family with his mistress, a Russian ballerina. A second family setback scared him even further. Dmitry was 14 when his eldest brother Nikolai Konstantinovich was disinherited, declared insane and sent into internal Russian exile, after stealing some diamonds from an icon in his mother's bedroom. Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna made her three remaining sons (Konstantin, age 16, Dmitry, age 14, and Vyacheslav, age 12) promise her that they would never drink, never give themselves to a life of self-indulgence, and never forget that all the privileges of their wealth and rank were meant for use and not enjoyment. Brought up under these conditions, the younger Konstantinovich grand dukes grew into thoughtful, introspective men

At the age of 15, Dmitry, with his younger brother Vyacheslav, was enrolled as a cadet aboard the tender Kadetski. Together the two brothers underwent the rigors of life at sea. During their training cruises through the Gulf of Finland, they spent their time drilling, standing watch, and taking turns leading their fellow cadets. In 1877, the 17-year-old Dmitry made his first official public appearance as a member of the Imperial family, he joined Alexander II with his father and cousins Grand Duke Sergei and Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich on a journey to southern Russia in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.

Dmitry soon disappointed his father's wishes when he decided to abandon his career in the Navy in favor of the Imperial Army. He used the interval of an illness to ask his father to allow him to join the army. It was a blow to Konstantin to see his third consecutive son to leave the navy, but Dmitry begged his father and with the intervention of Alexandra Iosifovna, he was eventually allowed to leave the Navy and join the Horse Guards regiment in 1879.

Like his parents, Dmitry was musical; he had a particular love for Russian church music. In later years, he often sang in the chapel choirs at Strelna, the Marble Palace and the Pokrovsky Convent in Kiev. Duty stood at the core of his being and he was fiercely critical of a system, which pushed members of the Imperial family forward simply because of who they were. He believed that their promotions should be earned

Intensely shy, Dmitry preferred to avoid society, but on summer evenings at Petergof he often rode from Strelna to Znamenka, the house of his cousin, Grand Duke Pyotr where he was a welcome guest. Peter's wife, Grand Duchess Militsa, played the piano while Dmitry was usually persuaded to join in, accompanying with his own singing of Russian folk songs.

Military career
On 1 June 1880, Dmitry Konstantinovich was appointed to the suite of Alexander II and given the rank of Fligel-Adjutant. Six months later, after completing his initial infantry training, the grand duke was appointed lieutenant in the Horse Guards Regiment. He was to serve with the Horse Guards for twelve years as a junior officer, and finally as commander. After completing a training course with the General Staff Academy in 1880, Dmitry Konstantinovich was promoted to Ordnance Officer and scheduled to make his first official appearance, when he would deliver the report as an Imperial Adjutant in the Guards Sappers Cavalry Regiment. The date for his first appearance was Sunday, 1 March 1881. Two hours after the review, his uncle Alexander II, who had been present at the insistence of Alexandra Iosifovna, was assassinated.

In November 1881, Alexander III promoted Dmitry Konstantinovich to the position of Adjutant in the H. I. M. Retinue. Celebrating Dmitry's majority on 26 November of that year was delayed owing the assassination of Alexander II. The ceremony took place later and coincided with the Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich and Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich taking an oath to the Emperor. Through the 1880s, Dmitry Konstantinovich served with his regiment with unceasing energy and an eye toward correcting grievances from his men. He built himself a two-storied dacha at Krasnoye Selo, equipping the property with stables and exercise yard for the horses. Here he spent the summers with his regiment; in spring and fall, he invariably invited his regimental officers to his Palace, Strelna, which he inherited on the death of his father in 1892. Mornings were spent riding through the park in which, the grand duke put his men and their horses through intricate maneuvers; after lunch, he would lead the officers on walks through the exquisite gardens.

On 6 April 1889, the grand duke was promoted to the rank of captain and given command of the 2nd Squadron of the Horse Guards. Three years later, on 10 December 1892, he was promoted to the rank of colonel and owing to his distinguished service, he was given command of the House Guards Grenadiers Regiment by Alexander III. Dmitry was a popular commander, and a tough and demanding officer. He took pride in his soldiers, and was greatly concerned with their welfare.

Russian Grand Duke
Dmitry was very religious and he assumed responsibility for the church of the Apparition of the Virgin near Strelna, which was the regimental church of the Horse Grenadiers. He commissioned both an enlargement and a renovation program, which he paid for himself.

The grand duke's main residence was the splendid Palace of Strelna, where he lived a quiet and misanthropic life and was his main residence until the revolution. He lived in a suite of rooms of the ground floor on the west wing that had previously been occupied by his father. He had the palace electrified, telephones were installed and modern plumbing provided for the bathroom and the kitchen.

Dmitry Konstantinovich was fair, with blond hair and blue eyes, and wore a small cavalry mustache. He was tall and lean with long legs and a long neck that increased his extraordinary height. In a family known for the height of its male members, Dmitry was among the tallest. Grand Duchess Militsa considered him "the nicest and best among the grand dukes". He was proper, dignified and very refined in his manners.

Alexander Mosolov, head of Nicholas II's Court Chancellery, described him as "full of good sense", remarking that Dmitry Konstantinovich "was the one among all the grand dukes who was most deeply imbued with the sense of his duty as a Prince and a cousin of the Emperor".

One day, the grand duke dispatched a hefty portion of his annual civil list income to support a struggling church. When Mosolov learnt of this he warned, " If you make gifts everywhere on this scale, your revenues will not last." But Dmitry Konstantinovich replied that the stipend was "not intended to enable us to live as sybarites; this money is put into our hands in order that we may augment the prestige of the Imperial family".

The grand duke was a lifelong bachelor, never involved in scandals. In his memoirs, his cousin Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich recalled that he was "a confirmed and enthusiastic woman-hater", then a term used for misogynists but also homosexuals. That Dimitry had close affectionate relationships with the female members of his family suggests the latter. He was adored by his family and especially by his young nieces and nephews, with whom he would happily play and ride for hours. He was particularly close to the children of his brother Konstantin. His nephew Prince Gabriel Konstantinovich remembered him, as a "wonderful, kind person" who was almost a second father and wherever they saw him, they ran across the room, jumping up to hug him and wrap their arms around his neck. Dmitry Konstantinovich also loved to tease the children and play practical jokes on them.

Under Nicholas II, the grand duke received further promotions. On 26 May 1896, he was raised to the rank of Major-General, and three months later, he was named General à la suite in the Imperial Entourage. On 19 December 1904, Dmitry Konstantinovich was promoted to Lieutenant General and appointed Adjutant General to Nicholas II. Nicholas II also appointed the grand duke general director of the Imperial Stud in 1896. Despite his love of the military, it was this later post that struck the deepest chord in Dmitry Konstantinovich. On learning of his appointment, the grand duke – whom one courtier termed "timid beyond imagination" declared, " I should have eagerly accepted the appointment if it only meant looking after horses… I am afraid I shall never get on properly with officials."

Dmitry Konstantinovich was entranced with his new position, one of which demanded that he traveled across Russia and Europe, selecting the finest horses. Acting on his advice, the Imperial Stud purchased Galtee More, who had won the Derby in Great Britain, for an astronomical 200,000 rubles; as soon as he arrived in Russia, the thoroughbred was put to stud at Tsarskoye Selo. Dmitry Konstantinovich held the post until 1905, when he was replaced with Major-General Alexei Zdnovich. On 10 January 1904, Dmitry Konstantinovich relinquished command of the Horse Guard grenadiers Regiment. Although he would have been happy to remain in his post, his eyesight was failing rapidly, in detriment to his military career. Reluctantly he recognized that by remaining he was depriving another, more capable man of advancement. On leaving active service, the grand duke generously gave his dacha at Krasnoye Selo to the Horse Guards Regiment, to be used as an officer's club.

Retirement
The grand duke's retirement allowed him to focus solely on his passion for horses. Dmitry Konstantinovich created a model equestrian center, the Dubrovsky Stud farm, outside the Village of Mirgord, in the Poltava province. In 1911, Dmitry became president of the Imperial Society of Horse Racing, and was named Honorary president of the Russian society of Care and Protection of Animals. In the autumn of 1913, he inaugurated the Russian Imperial Horse Exposition in Kiev, and the first Russian Sport Competition, a kind of Slavic Olympic Games.

With time, the grand duke frequently retreated to Crimea, where he enjoyed the last, carefree years of the Romanov dynasty along the Black Sea shores. In 1907 he purchased a small plot of land at Gaspra in the Crimea, the following year he commissioned the construction of Kichkine, from the Tartar word "tiny Jewel". The villa was designed in Moorish style and built with local whitewashed stone. Here the grand duke and his guest spent many pleasant evenings watching the sunset over the Black Sea, unaware that the sun was also setting over their privileged way of life.

Dmitry's mother died in 1911, at her funeral the grand duke's poor eyesight became the source of temporary mirth at the end of the ceremony when he tried to kiss the icon his mother held in her hands. Unable to see clearly, he misjudged the distance and, bending forward to make his farewell, missed the open coffin completely, tumbling off the steps with a loud crash as his ceremonial saber and medals struck the stone floor. Relatives rushed to his side, but the grand duke appeared unfazed and went on as though nothing had happened.

War and Revolution
Dmitry had anticipated a clash with Germany for years and was not surprised at the outbreak of World War I. By then, he was almost blind which kept him from participating in the conflict, and he had to content himself with a job training the cavalry regiments away from the field of action.

Never meddling in politics, Dmitry Konstantinovich remained silent in the turmoil that preceded the fall of the Romanovs, believing it was not his place to offer unsolicited advice to Nicholas II. Dmitry was at his estate of Kichkin in Crimea when he learned that Rasputin had been murdered. He was outraged that members of the Imperial family, among them his sister Olga, Queen of the Hellenes, had signed and sent a plea for leniency on behalf of Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich to the Emperor. He said that had he been in Petrograd at the time, he would have never signed the letter.

The grand duke was in Petrograd when the revolution broke out in late February 1917. In spite of the uncertainty of the times, he had purchased a large mansion on Petrogradsky Quay in Petrograd. He was staying there when he learned of Nicholas II's abdication and the declaration of the provisional government. After the fall of his family from power, he lived quietly, in obscurity, depending largely on Alexander Koronchentzov, his trusted Adjutant, for the necessities of daily life. His niece Princess Tatiana, who had lost her husband during the war, was living with him.

Internal exile
After the successful October Revolution of November 1917, the Petrograd newspapers published a decree summoning all the Romanovs to report to the dreaded Cheka, the secret police. Initially they were just required not to leave the city. In March 1918 the Romanovs registered were summoned again now to be sent away. Dmitry went accompanied by Colonel Alexander Korochenzov, his adjutant and his niece Princess Tatiana Constantinovna, who insisted in going with him to ensure that he was not alone and subjected to unwanted pressure.

The Bolshevik leader of Petrograd, Grigory Zinoviev, decided to send the male members of the Romanov family into internal Russian exile. Fearing the eventual occupation of Petrograd by the Germans, they moved the capital to Moscow. Dmitry was offered a choice for exile: Vologda, Olonets, or Vyatka. He chose Vologda, the closest city to the former Imperial Capital. On 18 April, Dmitry, carrying a suitcase and in the company of his niece, Princess Tatiana, her two children, the children's nanny, and his Adjutant Colonel Korochentzov, boarded a train and left Petrograd for exile.

In Vologda, Dmitry Konstantinovich took two rooms in a house owned by a local merchant, just opposite the river. He lived in one room with Colonel Korochentzov, while Tatiana and the children occupied the other. They were not registered in their movement, and were able to walk about town at will. Shortly after they arrival, they learned that Grand Dukes Nicholas and Georgy Mikhailovich had also been exiled to the town. The prisoners enjoyed relative freedom; aside from having to report to Cheka Headquarters once a week, they could come and go as they wished, and took long walks around the town, visiting and dining with each other frequently. In the middle of May, Colonel Alexander von Leiming, one of Dmitry Konstantinovich's adjutants, arrived in Vologda with news that passage had been prepared to Finland, but the grand duke refused to leave Russia

This quiet and uncertain situation was abruptly interrupted on 14 July, two days before the murder of Nicholas II and his family. That morning a car with four heavily armed men arrived and collected the Grand Dukes from their lodgings; they were transported to a small, walled village, where they could be more easily guarded. Grand Duke Georgy wrote to his wife in England, "We were each given a cell, and later on were joined by Dmitry. I saw him arriving through the iron bars of my window, and was struck by his sad expression. The first twenty-four hours were hard, but after that, they luckily allowed us to have our camp beds and also our clothes. There is no one in the prison but we three". They were guarded by soldiers from the Baltic provinces. "They treat us like comrades, and have not locked our cells after the second day, while they allow us to walk in the small garden in the courtyard. Our food is brought from outside". While imprisoned, they learned that Nicholas II and his family had been killed; this seemed to indicate the worst and princess Tatiana left Vologda with her two young children to return to Petrograd. Then on 21 July, all of the exiled Grand Dukes in Vologda were again transferred back to Petrograd. In the former Imperial capital, the men were quickly imprisoned with six other detainees in a cell at Cheka Headquarters.

Captivity
Upon arrival, Dmitry Konstantinovich and the other grand dukes were questioned at length by Moisei Uritsky, the Chairman of the Petrograd Cheka. Grand Duke Georgy wrote " Dmitry asked Uritsky why we were imprisoned, and his answer was that it was to save us as the people intended shooting us at Vologda", an explanation hard to believe. The prisoners were photographed, and then moved to the Kresty prison.

Shortly thereafter, they were transferred to Shpalernaya prison, where they would remain for most of their incarceration. Here each had his own private cell, if only seven feet long and three feet wide. Their only furniture was a hard iron bed. The Grand Dukes were permitted to exercise a half-hour to 45 minutes twice a day, although the personal contact allowed in Vologda was denied them here at first. Their wardens, all of whom were soldiers, treated them well; they even helped the grand dukes smuggle out letters. After several days they were all allowed to gather in the courtyard and were permitted some provisions from the outside such as fresh linens and cigarettes. Their day began at 7 am when they were awakened by the steps in the hall of their jailers and the clank of their keys in the door. Lunch was served at noon, which consisted of dirty hot water with a few fish bones in it and black bread. The lights were turned on in the cells at 7 pm, although as the winter approached, the prisoners had to sit in darkness until that time. The meetings of the grand dukes during exercise gave them opportunity to exchange a few words.

Prince Gavril Konstantinovich was in a cell adjoining theirs; he was shocked at his uncle Dmitry's appearance when they were first reunited. Until the last, Gavril recalled, Dmitry was the cheerful favorite uncle of his childhood, telling him jokes, attempting to raise the spirits, and bribing prison Guards to carry hopeful messages to his nephew's cell. Some of their relatives made frantic efforts in their behalf to obtain their release through Maxim Gorky who was sympathetic and asked Lenin to set them free. Near the end of 1918, Prince Gavril, who was sick, was eventually permitted to leave and found his way out of Russia.

On 9 January 1919, the Presidium of the Cheka in a meeting chaired by Martin Latsis, Yakov Peters, Ivan Ksenofontov and secretary O. Ya. Murnek, issued a resolution "The verdict of the Cheka to persons of the former imperial pack – to approve, informing the Central Executive Committee about it". The grand dukes were to be shot by the order of the Presidium of the VChk in the Peter and Paul Fortress in Petrograd in January 1919 as hostages in response to the murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg in Germany.

Colonel von Leiming regularly sent food each day for Grand Duke Dmitry; on 29 January 1919, it was returned to him with a note the grand duke was no longer being held prisoner. The following day he learned that he had been executed.

Execution
There are no eyewitness accounts of the execution. What is known is based on versions that are derived from rumors and second hand information. They vary on the details, some have an overly dramatic air about them, but they all have a similar ring.

At 11:30 pm on the night of 27–28 January, guards awoke Grand Dukes Dmitry Konstantinovich, and Nikolai Mikhailovich and Georgy Mikhailovich, in their cells at Shpalernaya prison, telling them that they were going to be moved and they had to pack their belongings. They initially assumed that they were going to be transported to Moscow. Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich even thought that they might set free, but his brother Georgy said that it was more likely they were heading to another place to be shot. The Grand Dukes had an ominous hint of what was going to happen to them, when at the time of departure, they were told to leave their luggage.

The grand dukes were taken outside and loaded into a truck that already held four common criminals and six Red Guardsmen. At 1:20 am on 28 January they left the prison. They drove towards the river by the fields of Mars, where the truck stalled. While the driver was trying to restart it, one of the convicts tried to run and was shot in the back as he fled. The truck eventually began running again, and they drove to the fortress set up at the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Cathedral. The prisoners were roughly pushed from the truck into the Trubetskoy bastion. They were told to remove their shirts and coats, By then they had no doubt what was about to occur and the grand Dukes embraced each other for the last time.

Some different soldiers appeared carrying another person, whom the grand dukes finally recognized as their cousin Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich. They were then each escorted arm in arm with a soldier on each side towards a trench that had been dug in the courtyard. As they passed the cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Pavel where their ancestors were buried, the Grand Dukes crossed themselves. The prisoners were lined up before the ditch, in which there were already 13 bodies, Nikolai Mikhailovich who had been carrying his cat, handed it to a soldier asking him to look after it. All of the grand dukes faced death with the greatest courage. Georgy and Dmitry prayed quietly, Dmitry for the forgiveness of his murderers "Forgive them, for they know not what they do" seemed to be his last words. Pavel, who was very sick, was shot on a stretcher. Grand Dukes Nikolai, Georgy and Dmitry were killed by the same blast. The fusillade of shots sent their bodies reeling into the trench.

Although the bodies of the other three grand dukes were thrown into a mass grave within the fortress, that of Dmitry Konstantinovich was secretly collected the next morning by his devoted former Adjutant, von Leiming, rolled up in a rug and taken away for a private burial in the garden of a house in Petrograd, where he remains to this day.

Honours and awards
The Grand Duke received several Russian and foreign decorations:
 * Russian
 * Knight of the Order of St. Andrew
 * Knight of the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
 * Knight of the Order of St. Anna
 * Knight (1st Class) of the Order of Saint Stanislaus
 * Knight of the Order of the White Eagle

 * Foreign
 * Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1874 (Kingdom of Württemberg)
 * Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 14 September 1879 (Kingdom of Prussia)
 * Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I, 1882 (Principality of Montenegro)
 * Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 15 June 1884 (Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine)
 * Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 1896 (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
 * Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, June 1902 (France)
 * Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation – July 1902 – during a visit to Russia of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
 * Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Sava (Kingdom of Serbia)
 * Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Takovo (Kingdom of Serbia)


text:
Talk:South Korean hwan

The Hanja for hwan appears to be an archaic character not included in the Han Unification. Anyone know how to make it display here? -- Visviva 05:01, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Hanja added. -- KittySaturn 16:51, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Move
The move seems odd -- why should this article not be simply called Hwan? -- Visviva 04:35, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * See discussion at WP Numismatics. — Nightstallion (?) 07:29, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:South Korean hwan


text:
To Catch a Thief (disambiguation)

To Catch a Thief is a 1955 romantic thriller film based on the novel.

To Catch a Thief may also refer to:

 * To Catch a Thief (novel), a 1952 thriller novel by David F. Dodge
 * To Catch a Thief (1936 film), a 1936 British comedy film
 * "To Catch a Thief" (short story), a 1901 short story by E. W. Hornung
 * To Catch a Thief (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland), an episode of the TV series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland
 * "To Catch a Thief", an episode of the Indian TV series The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir

title: To Catch a Thief (disambiguation)


text:
Merdeka Palace

The Merdeka Palace (Istana Merdeka; also known in Indonesian as Istana Gambir and during the Dutch colonial times as Paleis te Koningsplein), is one of six presidential palaces in Indonesia. It is located on the north side of the Merdeka Square in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, and is used as the official residence of the president of the Republic of Indonesia.

The palace was a residence for the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies during the colonial era. In 1949, the palace was renamed Merdeka Palace, "(ke)merdeka(an)" meaning "freedom" or "independence".

The Merdeka Palace is part of the 6.8 ha Jakarta Presidential Palace Complex, which also includes the Negara Palace, Wisma Negara (state guest house), Sekretariat Negara (State Secretariat), and the Bina Graha building. It is the center of the Indonesian executive authority.

The beginning
The building that is now the Merdeka Palace was built on the premise of the Rijswijk Palace (present Istana Negara) when it was considered no longer sufficient for administrative purposes e.g. big receptions and conferences during the mid-19th century. In 1869, the instruction to construct a new palace was given by Governor-General Pieter Mijer. Construction took place on the south lawn of the Rijswijk Palace on 23 March 1873 during the tenure of Governor-General James Loudon.

The Neo-Palladian palace was designed by Jacobus Bartholomeus Drossaers and was built by the Department of Public Works and the contracting firm Drossaers & Company for ƒ 360,000. The new building was built in the southern part of the Rijswijk Palace grounds, directly facing Koningsplein (now Merdeka Square).

Construction of the palace was finished in 1879 during the tenure of Governor-General Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge. The new palace was given the official name Paleis van de Gouverneur Generaal ("Palace of the Governor-General"), the official residence of the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies and his family.

Governor-General Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge (1875–1881) was the first to reside in the building. Governor-General Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer (1936–1942) was the last Dutch governor-general to reside in the Palace.

Japanese occupation
During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies (1942–1945), the Army Commander (最高指揮官) of the Japanese garrison resided in the Rijswijk Palace compound. Three Japanese commanders have taken residence in the Merdeka Palace.

Post-independence
The Indonesian national revolution (1945–1949) ended with the Netherlands' recognition of the Republic of Indonesia. The Indonesian declaration of independence from the Dutch in 1949 was announced in Gambir Palace. During the ceremony, the Dutch flag was substituted with the flag of Indonesia. Many spectators were rejoicing when the flag was hoisted, and yelled "Merdeka! (Freedom!)". From that moment, Gambir Palace became known as Merdeka Palace. Tony Lovink, the high commissioner of the Dutch Crown was the last man representing the Dutch power to leave the palace. The name of the palace officially changed to Istana Merdeka ("Indendepence Palace") on 28 December 1949 at 17.55 hours.

On 27 December 1949, a day after the ceremony, President Sukarno and his family arrived from Yogyakarta. For the first time, the president of the Republic of Indonesia settled in Merdeka Palace.

The first annual Independence Day ceremony was held at the Merdeka Palace in 1950.

Evolution of the Merdeka Palace
The building has remained unchanged since the building was finished in 1879. After the Indonesian independence, the Merdeka Palace compound was expanded to include not only Istana Negara (State Palace), but also to construct Wisma Negara, Sekretariat Negara (State Sectreatiat), and Bina Graha. Several colonial buildings and residences were demolished in the Weltevreden area to make way for today's State Palace compound.

A small octagonal gazebo located in the courtyard of the palace was used as a private school for Sukarno's and the palace staff's children. This gazebo was previously used by Dutch colonial officials as muziekkoepel (music gazebo), where music performances were played during formal balls.

When Suharto became president of Indonesia, he made changes to the previously residential function of the palace. Sukarno's bedroom was converted into Ruang Bendera Pusaka (Regalia Room) and the room of Sukarno's wife Fatmawati became the president's bedroom. An old wooden building in the palace complex known as "Sanggar" was demolished to make way for the Puri Bhakti Renatama building, and was used as a museum to store valuable artifacts, artwork, and gifts from foreign emissaries. Later he also built the Bina Graha building on the palace grounds, which he used as his office.

When Megawati took office, the Puri Bhakti Renatama building was converted into the President's office, while its contents moved to the Bina Graha building. She also restored the furniture and decorations of the palace to the way it was under Sukarno. Suharto's Jepara wood carving furniture was removed, except the Ruang Jepara (Jepara Room, as a reminder of Suharto's regime), and replaced with the old colonial refurbishment.

The Merdeka Palace now

The Merdeka Palace serves as an official venue for state events such as the Independence Day ceremony, welcoming (foreign) dignitaries, cabinet meetings, state banquets, and reception of letters of credence from foreign ambassadors. Additionally, it still contains the president's private quarters and offices.

The administrative role that the palace once had, has been shifted to the State Palace and State Secretariat, while the Merdeka Palace remains a symbol of authority.

Layout of the Palace
A 17 m tall flagpole and a fountain are located on the front lawn of the Merdeka Palace. The annual flag-raising ceremony takes place during Indonesian Independence Day on 17 August. During the Independence ceremony, the veranda is often used as a ceremonial stage for the President and dignitaries.

Notable rooms in the Palace include:
 * Ruang Kredensial (credential hall) provides entrance to the palace and is the place where most diplomatic activities are conducted, such as receiving state guests and ambassadors. The credential hall is decorated with furniture that dates back to the colonial days, as well as paintings and ceramic works.
 * Ruang Jepara (Jepara room) was a former study room of Sukarno and named after the Central Javanese town of Jepara, the source of the room's carved wooden furniture and ornaments.
 * Ruang Raden Saleh (Raden Saleh's room) is located in front of Ruang Jepara. The room was previously used as the First Lady's office and living room. Megawati used the room to store 5 paintings by Indonesian painter Raden Saleh.
 * Ruang Resepsi (reception room) is the largest room in the palace. It is usually used for state banquets, state gala dinners, national meetings, and cultural performances. There are two paintings by Basuki Abdullah. On the eastern wall hangs "Pergiwa Pergiwati", a painting theme from Mahabharata, and on the west wall hangs the Javanese "Jaka Tarub" painting.
 * Ruang Bendera Pusaka (the heirloom flag room), or Regalia room. The room is used to store "Bendera Pusaka", the first Indonesian flag that was raised during the Indonesian Declaration of Independence on 17 August 1945.

The presidents after Sukarno no longer use the palace as a residence, although it is still the official presidential residence. The palace's offices are still in use by the current Indonesian president. During the Suharto administration, Suharto preferred to reside in his house at Jalan Cendana, Menteng, while the palace and Bina Graha only served as his office. The palace once again became the official presidential residence during the Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati administrations. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sometimes resides in Merdeka Palace, however just like Suharto, he often prefers to reside in his own house, at Puri Cikeas, Gunung Putri district of Bogor Regency – West Java, south of Jakarta. The current president Joko Widodo prefers to live in Istana Bogor.

Changing of the guard
Since 17 July 2016, the changing of the guard ceremony by the Paspampres has been opened to the public. It is held at 8 am on every last Sunday of the month in front of the palace yard.

title: Merdeka Palace


text:
User talk:Black Wolff

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:02, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Black Wolff


text:
Alagappa University

Alagappa University is a public university located in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Originated from Alagappa Arts College, founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1947, it was established in 1985 by an Act of the Tamil Nadu government. It was converted from a unitary type to an affiliating type by the Tamil Nadu Universities Act, 2002, with jurisdiction over arts and science colleges in the districts of Ramanathapuram district and Sivaganga district. The government colleges in the above districts have become the constituent colleges of Alagappa University.

Rankings
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranked Alagappa University 56th overall in India and 30th among universities in 2023.

title: Alagappa University


text:
User talk:Shinru

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:02, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shinru


text:
User talk:Eazy-ecpt.com

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:02, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Eazyecptdirtyred.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Eazyecptdirtyred.gif. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 07:07, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Please cite sources
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Dirty Red, but we regretfully cannot accept original research. Please find and add a reliable citation to your recent edit so we can verify your work. Uncited information may be removed at any time. Thanks for your efforts, and happy editing! Can't sleep, clown will eat me 21:38, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Redirect of Lil' Eazy
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Lil' Eazy, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Lil' Eazy is a redirect to a non-existent page (CSD R1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Lil' Eazy, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. CSDWarnBot 19:02, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Eazyecptdirtyred.gif
Thanks for uploading File:Eazyecptdirtyred.gif I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org], stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org].

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 06:31, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eazy-ecpt.com


text:
User talk:Rmeguy1

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:03, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rmeguy1


text:
James Cartwright

James Edward "Hoss" Cartwright (born September 22, 1949) is a retired United States Marine Corps general who last served as the eighth vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from August 31, 2007, to August 3, 2011. He previously served as the Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, from September 1, 2004, to August 10, 2007, and as Acting Commander, U.S. Strategic Command from July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004. He retired from the Marine Corps on August 3, 2011, after nearly 40 years of service.

Cartwright was accused of providing classified information that was published in the book Confront and Conceal by David Sanger. During the course of the investigation, Cartwright agreed to be interviewed by the FBI without a lawyer present. He was indicted for lying to the FBI regarding the time and locations of meetings with Sanger. Cartwright was never charged with leaking any classified information; Sanger maintains that Cartwright did not provide him with any classified material. On October 17, 2016, he pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI regarding an investigation into the source of leaked classified information. He had been scheduled to be sentenced on January 31, 2017, but was pardoned and had his security clearance restored by President Barack Obama on January 17, 2017.

Early life and education
Cartwright was born on September 22, 1949, in Rockford, Illinois, and attended West High School before going on to the University of Iowa. While there he was a scholarship swimmer for the Iowa Hawkeyes.

Career
Cartwright was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps in November 1971. He attended Naval Flight Officer training and graduated in April 1973. He attended Naval Aviator training and graduated in January 1977. He has operational assignments as a Naval Flight Officer in the F-4, and as a pilot in the F-4, OA-4, and F/A-18. His callsign comes from the fictional character Eric "Hoss" Cartwright, the middle brother on the classic 1960s TV show Bonanza, who was played by actor Dan Blocker.

Cartwright's operational assignments include: Commanding General, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (2000–2002); Deputy Commanding General Marine Forces Atlantic (1999–2000); Commander Marine Aircraft Group 31 (1994–1996); Commander Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232 (1992); Fixed Wing Operations Marine Aircraft Group 24 (1991); Commander Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 12 (1989–1990); Administration Officer and Officer-In-Charge Deployed Carrier Operations VMFAT-101 (1983–1985); Aircraft Maintenance Officer VMFA-235 (1979–1982); Line Division Officer VMFA-333 USS Nimitz (CVN-68) (1975–1977); Embarkation OIC VMFA-251 & 232 (1973–1975).

Cartwright's staff assignments include: Director for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (2002–2004); Directorate for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (1996–1999); Deputy Aviation Plans, Policy, and Budgets Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (1993–1994); Assistant Program Manager for Engineering, F/A-18 Naval Air Systems Command (1986–1989).

Cartwright was named the Outstanding Carrier Aviator by the Association of Naval Aviation in 1983. He graduated with distinction from the Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB 1986, and received his Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 1991. In 2008, he was honored with the Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award. He was selected for and completed a fellowship with MIT Seminar XXI in 1994.

From July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004, Lieutenant General Cartwight served as Acting Commander, United States Strategic Command while awaiting official assumption of office and promotion as Strategic Command's new commander. On September 1, 2004, Cartwright was sworn in as Commander, United States Strategic Command. He was promoted to full general on the same day.

On June 8, 2007, Defense Secretary Robert Gates recommended Cartwright to be the next Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to replace retiring Admiral Edmund Giambastiani. President George W. Bush formally announced the nomination, with that of Admiral Michael Mullen to be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on June 28, 2007.

Senator John Warner of Virginia, the senior Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee, stated, "General Cartwright has an extraordinary grasp and understanding of the global posture that America must maintain in this era of new and ever-changing threats".

Cartwright's nomination was confirmed by the full Senate on August 3, 2007. Due to the retirement of Admiral Giambastiani on July 27, 2007, Cartwright assumed the position immediately upon confirmation. He was sworn in on August 31, 2007, as the 8th Vice Chairman. On March 18, 2009, Secretary of Defense Gates announced that Cartwright had been nominated for a second term as Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. He was confirmed by the Senate on July 31, 2009.

The military investigated Cartwright in 2009 and 2010 for possible misconduct involving a female Marine captain, and investigators recommended administrative action for "failure to discipline a subordinate" and "fostering an unduly familiar relationship". Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus, however, reviewed the evidence and found it insufficient to warrant corrective action for even the lesser offenses. He stated, "I do not agree with the conclusion that General Cartwright maintained an 'unduly familiar relationship' with his aide. Nor do I agree that General Cartwright's execution of his leadership responsibilities vis-à-vis his aide or any other member of his staff was inconsistent with the leadership requirements". Questions about how he oversaw his staff, however, were mentioned as a reason Cartwright had fallen out as the favored candidate of President Obama for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2011. Army chief Gen. Martin Dempsey was named to the post. "Some Republicans [had] ... quietly criticized Gen. Cartwright, calling him 'Obama's general,'" one report at the time also said.

Cartwright held his retirement ceremony on August 3, 2011. During the ceremony, Deputy Secretary of Defense William J. Lynn III presented Cartwright his fourth Defense Distinguished Service Medal. He also received the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard distinguished service medals.

Military awards and badges
Cartwright received the following decorations, awards, and badges:

Leak investigation, conviction, and pardon
In June 2013, it was reported that Cartwright had received a target letter from the U.S. Justice Department, informing him that he was under investigation for leaking classified information about Stuxnet, a computer virus used in a U.S.-Israel cyberattack against centrifuges in Iranian nuclear facilities (see Operation Olympic Games). Federal investigators reportedly suspected that Cartwright leaked details of the operation to a New York Times reporter.

In March 2015, the Washington Post reported that the sensitive leak investigation, led by Rod Rosenstein, had "stalled amid concerns that a prosecution in federal court could force the government to confirm" information about the highly classified program. U.S. officials feared that if classified information were revealed in any information, it would harm U.S.-Israeli relations and would also complicate the then-pending negotiations on an agreement with Iran over the nuclear program. It was reported that federal prosecutors had discussions with the Office of White House Counsel, then led by Kathryn Ruemmler, on whether certain material important to the case would be declassified, and Ruemmler conveyed that the government was unwilling to provide the documentation.

Cartwright denied any wrongdoing; his attorney, Gregory B. Craig, said in March 2015 that Cartwright had no contact with federal investigators for over a year. Craig stated: "General Cartwright has done nothing wrong. He has devoted his entire life to defending the United States. He would never do anything to weaken our national defense or undermine our national security. Hoss Cartwright is a national treasure, a genuine hero and a great patriot."

On November 2, 2012, in an interview with the FBI, Cartwright denied he was the source of the leaks. On October 17, 2016, Cartwright entered a guilty plea in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on a charge of making false statements during the leak investigation, a felony.

Outgoing President Barack Obama pardoned Cartwright on January 17, 2017, two weeks prior to his scheduled sentencing hearing.

Post-retirement work
Cartwright was the inaugural holder of the Harold Brown Chair in Defense Policy Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a think tank – a post he held from 2011 until 2017. In addition, Cartwright serves as a member of the board of directors of The Raytheon Company, a senior fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School, and as a defense consultant for ABC News.

Cartwright is an advisor for several corporate entities involved in global management consulting, technology services and program solutions, predictive and big data analytics, and advanced systems engineering, integration, and decision-support services. He serves as an advisor to the board of directors for Accenture, Enlightenment Capital, IxReveal, Logos Technologies, Opera Solutions, and TASC Inc. He is also affiliated with a number of professional organizations, including the Aspen Strategy Group, The Atlantic Council, the Nuclear Threat Initiative, and the Sanya Initiative.

Cartwright is also a leading advocate for the phased and verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide ("Global Zero (campaign)"). In October 2011, he spoke at the Global Zero Summit at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, and currently serves as Chair of the Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission, which in May 2012 released its report, "Modernizing U.S. Nuclear Force Structure and Policy," calling for the United States and Russia to reduce their nuclear arsenals 80% to 900 total weapons each, which would pave the way to bringing other nuclear weapons countries into the first-in-history multilateral nuclear arms negotiations.

In June 2015, Cartwright was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an agreement between Iran and world powers over Iran's nuclear program. That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it. The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter. Cartwright endorsed the final agreement in August 2015, becoming one of 36 retired generals and admirals to sign an open letter in support of the agreement.

 * Government civilian positions
 * 2011–2013: Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee Member
 * 2014: National Defense Panel, United States Institute of Peace

title: James Cartwright


text: User talk:69.169.170.225

title: User talk:69.169.170.225


text:
Logania

Logania is a genus of plants belonging to the family Loganiaceae. Native to Australia and New Zealand, the genus includes at least 24 species including herbs, shrubs, trees and climbers.

Species include:
 * Logania albiflora (Andrews) Druce
 * Logania archeri B.J.Conn
 * Logania biloba B.J.Conn
 * Logania buxifolia F.Muell.
 * Logania callosa F.Muell.
 * Logania campanulata R.Br.
 * Logania centralis B.J.Conn
 * Logania cordifolia Hook.
 * Logania crassifolia R.Br.
 * Logania diffusa R.J.F.Hend.
 * Logania exilis B.J.Conn
 * Logania fasciculata R.Br.
 * Logania flaviflora F.Muell.
 * Logania insularis J.M.Black
 * Logania judithiana B.J.Conn
 * Logania linifolia Schltdl. - flax-leaf logania
 * Logania litoralis B.J.Conn
 * Logania micrantha Benth.
 * Logania minor (J.M.Black) B.J.Conn
 * Logania nanophylla B.J.Conn
 * Logania nuda F.Muell. - bare logania
 * Logania ovata R.Br. oval-leaf logania
 * Logania perryana B.J.Conn
 * Logania pusilla R.Br.
 * Logania recurva J.M.Black
 * Logania saxatilis G.Perry ex B.J.Conn
 * Logania scabrella B.J.Conn
 * Logania serpyllifolia R.Br.
 * Logania spermacocea F.Muell.
 * Logania stenophylla F.Muell.
 * Logania tortuosa D.A.Herb.
 * Logania vaginalis (Labill.) F.Muell.
 * Logania wendyae Cranfield & Keighery

title: Logania


text:
Talk:Manđelos

Thanks for that correction PANONIAN, I knew someone could find the right name:)Ultrapop1 05:04, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manđelos


text:
User talk:Grasshacker

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:05, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Grasshacker


text:
Talk:Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him

It appears to me that a character who could be and probably is "the electrician or someone like him" has a cameo appearance on the third album, when on the religious TV show they can't get the organ going, and he walks up and says "I don't know why you people think this is magic; it's just this little chromium switch over here", flips the switch (organ starts working properly, applause), and walks away muttering "you people are _so_ superstitious ... " ;Bear 05:05, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good catch; I never thought of that before. BTW, has anyone constructed a userbox that says "This person is waiting for the electrician or someone like him." ? – Wdfarmer (talk) 01:07, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * And, of course, there is a villain named "The Electrician" on the Firesigns' 1974 album The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra. PurpleChez (talk) 13:55, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Temporarily Humboldt County
Loved reading the explanation of the name "Temporarily Humboldt County." I'd assumed that is was a parody of a Bob Dylan-style title... Temporarily Like Achilles... Obviously Five Believers.... user:PurpleChez — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.118.65.34 (talk) 18:47, 22 October 2013 (UTC)


text:
Edmond-Charles Genêt

Edmond-Charles Genêt (January 8, 1763 – July 14, 1834), also known as Citizen Genêt, was the French envoy to the United States appointed by the Girondins during the French Revolution. His actions on arriving in the United States led to a major political and international incident, which was termed the Citizen Genêt affair. Because of his actions, President George Washington asked the French government to recall him. The Montagnards, having risen to power at the same time, replaced Genêt and issued a warrant for his arrest. Fearing for his life, Genêt asked for asylum in America, which was granted by Washington. Genêt stayed in the United States until his death. Historian Carol Berkin argues that the Genêt affair bolstered popular respect for the president and strengthened his role in dealing with foreign affairs.

Early life and education
Genêt was born in Versailles in 1763. He was the ninth and final child of a French civil servant, Edmond Jacques Genêt (1726–1781), who was a head clerk in the ministry of foreign affairs. The elder Genêt analyzed British naval strength during the Seven Years' War and monitored the progress of the American Revolutionary War. His eldest sister was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Marie-Antoinette and later an educator and author. Aglaé-Louise Auguié (1782–1854), who was the wife of Marshal Ney of France, was Genêt's niece.

Genêt was a prodigy who could read French, English, Italian, Latin, Swedish, Greek, and German by the age of 12.

Career
At 18, Genêt was appointed court translator, and in 1788 he was sent to the French embassy in Saint Petersburg to serve as ambassador. Over time, Genêt became disenchanted with the ancien régime, learning to despise not just the French monarchy but all monarchical systems, including Tsarist Russia under Catherine the Great. In 1792, Catherine declared Genêt persona non grata, calling his presence "not only superfluous but even intolerable." The same year, the Girondins rose to power in France and appointed Genêt to the post of minister to the United States.

Citizen Genêt affair
The Citizen Genêt affair began in 1793 when he was dispatched to the United States to promote American support for France's wars with Spain and Britain.

Genêt arrived in Charleston, South Carolina, on the French frigate Embuscade on April 8. Instead of traveling to the then-capital of Philadelphia to present himself to U.S. President George Washington for accreditation, Genêt stayed in South Carolina. There he was greeted with enthusiasm by the people of Charleston, who threw a string of parties in his honor.

Genêt's goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm American privateers who would join French expeditions against the British. He commissioned four privateering ships in total, including the Republicaine, the Anti-George, the Sans-Culotte, and the Citizen Genêt. Working with French consul Michel Ange Bernard Mangourit, Genêt organized American volunteers to fight Britain's Spanish allies in Florida. After raising a militia, Genêt set sail toward Philadelphia, stopping along the way to marshal support for the French cause and arriving on May 16. He encouraged Democratic-Republican societies, but President Washington denounced them and they quickly withered away. He was also hosted by the Democratic-Republican Tammany Society in 1793.

His actions endangered American neutrality in the war between France and Britain, which Washington had pointedly declared in his Neutrality Proclamation of April 22. When Genêt met with Washington, he asked for what amounted to a suspension of American neutrality to support the cause of France. When turned down by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and informed that his actions were unacceptable, Genêt protested. Meanwhile, Genêt's privateers were capturing British ships, and his militia was preparing to move against the Spanish.

Genêt continued to defy the wishes of the United States government, capturing British ships and rearming them as privateers. Washington sent Genêt an 8,000-word letter of complaint on Jefferson's and Hamilton's advice – one of the few situations in which the Federalist Alexander Hamilton and the Republican Jefferson agreed. Genêt replied obstinately. President Washington and his Cabinet then demanded that France recall Genêt as its Ambassador.

The Mountain, having taken power in France by January 1794, issued an arrest warrant for Genêt. Genêt, knowing that he would likely be sent to the guillotine, asked Washington for asylum. Hamilton, Genêt's fiercest opponent in the cabinet, convinced Washington to grant him safe haven in the United States.

Later life
After obtaining asylum in the United States from Washington, Genêt moved to New York State. On June 26, 1808, Genêt wrote an article, "Madison as a 'French Citizen,'" for the New York Register in an attempt to promote the prospects of his father-in-law, the incumbent Vice President George Clinton, over James Madison in the presidential election of 1808. Noting the honorary French citizenship afforded to Madison in 1792, Genêt reasoned that the Embargo Act of 1807 had been intended by Secretary of State Madison to aid Napoleon in the enforcement of the Berlin Decree, especially seeing that American trade with Britain was more important than that with France. Playing to a northeastern audience, Genêt continued that, judging by Jefferson's glorification of an agricultural lifestyle in Notes on the State of Virginia, the Embargo was also acting as a covert means to destroy New England's commercial heritage. As such, New Englanders would be forced to turn to agriculture, and Virginia's dominance of American politics would continue.

Personal life
Genêt married Cornelia Tappen Clinton (1774–1810) in 1794, the daughter of New York Governor George Clinton. Genêt lived on a farm he called Prospect Hill located in East Greenbush, New York overlooking the Hudson River. Living the life of a gentleman farmer, he wrote a book about inventions. Their children included:

 * Edmond Charles Genet (1797–1802), who died young.
 * Henry James Genet (1800–1872), a member of the State Assembly in 1832 who married Martha Elizabeth Taylor (1809–1896).
 * Maria Louisa Genet (1802–1888), who married Cornelius Van Buren Van Rensselaer (1793–1868), son of Col. Nicholas Van Rensselaer.
 * Charles Alexander Genet (1805–1838)
 * Cornelia Tappen Genet (1808–1877), who married Andrew Conkey Getty (1810–1891).

His wife Cornelia died in 1810, and on July 31, 1814, Genêt remarried to Martha Brandon Osgood (1787–1853), the daughter of Samuel Osgood, the United States' first Postmaster General. Together, they were the parents of:

 * Henriette Campan Genet (1815–1826), who died young.
 * Edmond Charles Genet (b. 1816), who died young.
 * Samuel Osgood Genet (1819–1824), who died young.
 * Edme Jacques Genet (1821–1891), who married Magdelene Van Rensselaer Witbeck (1813–1900). They had no children.
 * George Clinton Genet (1824–1904), who married Augusta Georgia Kirtland (1838–1911). They had no children.

He died on July 14, 1834, and is buried in the churchyard behind the Greenbush Reformed Church, about two miles east of his farm.

Descendants

Edmond Charles Clinton Genet (1896–1917), who served with the Lafayette Escadrille and was the first American flier to die in the First World War after the United States declared war against Germany in 1917, was Genêt's great-great-grandson.

Legacy

 * An elementary school in East Greenbush, New York, is named Citizen Genet Elementary School, formerly Genet Middle School.
 * Genêt is portrayed by Cyril Descours in Episode V of the 2008 miniseries John Adams.

title: Edmond-Charles Genêt


text:
Talk:Slavianophile

Linguistic fantasy unconnected with English, not quite suitable for Wiktioonary. --Wetman 05:05, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Slavianophile


text:
User talk:Jgprisk

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Meet other new users
 * Learn from others
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you

You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:05, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jgprisk