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Talk:Palgrave's Golden Treasury

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Wouldn't it make sense to separate out Palgrave's original selection from the additions made by John Press? There are many editions of Palgrave's original. Many have supplements, but each has a different selection. Poetlister 10:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Quite right - but it's a huge job. When I first wrote this I didn't have the recent Christopher Ricks Penguin of the GT, which I think has the best data for tracking what was in. There are of course numerous editions - the Laurence Binyon one is quite well known. To do this properly, one would have first to establish, via Ricks say, what the core sections I-IV were. Charles Matthews 12:12, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * All you need is Cecil Day Lewis' edition, which reproduces Palgrave's original selection and has a supplement completely independent of Press'.-- Poetlister 10:32, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

My understanding is that the original edition, not the revised one, had input from Tennyson. In terms of what's in the original one, there's a version of it from 1875 up at Bartleby. john k (talk) 21:23, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Palgrave's Golden Treasury/ omitted poet
A poem by Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, is listed in the contents of the 1861 edition of Palgrave's Golden Treasury. However, the Wikipedia article on the Treasury omits this Elizabethan/Jacobean poet in its otherwise comprehensive list of poets. His poem, "Women" aka "Renunciation", appears there and in "Shakespeare" Identified by J. Thomas Looney, pp. 140, 595, as "Woman's Changefulness". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zweigenbaum (talk • contribs) 01:20, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Possibly the worst article on WP...
...far outstripping yer average village in Iran (pop. 72), a species of minute bivalve sea snail, and a footballer who played left back in Montenegro League 3 in 1972.

WP:SD beckons. "Input from Tennyson"? Citation badly needed. Gimme a break. MinorProphet (talk) 15:07, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Palgrave's Golden Treasury


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Zongo Comics

Zongo Comics was a comic book publisher. It was founded and published in 1995 by Simpsons and Futurama creator Matt Groening. Unlike its counterpart Bongo Comics, the comics published were geared towards grown-up audiences containing adult material and did not include any adaptations of Groening's cartoons. The only two titles in the Zongo Comics range were Gary Panter's Jimbo and Mary Fleener's Fleener.

Zongo Comics did not last as long as its sister group, and the range was cancelled after the series failed to attract a wide audience. Because the Zongo Jimbos were not very popular when they came out, Zongo/Bongo printed less of each issue. By issue #6, they only printed 500.

Because only ten Zongo Comics were ever published, they are well sought after by collectors due to their rarity.

Jimbo
Gary Panter's graphic novel Jimbo in Purgatory (Fantagraphics, 2004) is thought of as #8 in this series but it was not published by Zongo.
 * (7 issues) created & written by Gary Panter

The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA) displayed Gary Panter's work, including his Jimbo series, as part of the "Masters of American Comics" exhibition. The exhibition was held from November 20, 2005, through March 12, 2006. The "Masters of American Comics" explored the rise of newspaper comic strips and comic books while considering their artistic development throughout the century.

Postcards of the covers of Gary Panter's Jimbo comics were available in the MOCA gift shop.

During the 1995 San Diego Comic-Con the Bongo Comics booth gave out three Zongo Comic 1-1/2 promo buttons.
 * 1) Zongo Comics Logo
 * 2) Jimbo – Red
 * 3) Jimbo – Yellow

Fleener

 * (3 issues) created & written by Mary Fleener

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zongo Comics


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Taff

Taff may refer to:
 * River Taff, a large river in Wales
 * Taff (TV series), a German tabloid news programme
 * Trans-Atlantic Fan Fund, an organisation for science fiction fandom

People

 * a demonym for anyone from south Wales
 * Jerry Taff (born 1940), American television anchor
 * John Taff (1890–1961), American professional baseball player
 * Laurence G. Taff (born 1947), American astronomer
 * Paul Taff (1920–2013), American television executive
 * Jane Harvey (née Phyllis Taff; 1925–2013), American jazz singer
 * Russ Taff (born 1953), American gospel singer

title: Taff


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Ahriyan

Ahriyan is an exonym for a group of people from Tonya and Beşikdüzü in Trabzon Province given by Çepni Turks to mean (Anatolian, Greek origin) or "non-Turkoman". It can also mean “oppressive, heartless” when used as an adjective. The Achrian Mosque (Greek: Αχριάν Τζαμί) in the city of İskeçe in Greece carries the same name.

Etymology
The word ahriyan is derived from Persian Ahura Mazda, the creator deity in the Persian pantheon and the counterpart to Angra Mainyu. During the Sasanian Period, the lingua franca of Anatolia was Middle Persian, in which Angra Mainyu was rendered as "Ahriman" (Ehrimen) and "angra" meant "enemy, sin, bad" with ‘mainyu’ meaning "soul, invisibility, spirit". Although the term was mostly used for the indisputably non-Muslim population in Anatolia, there appear to be uncommon recorded forms of the practice in Şalpazarı that controversially included the Alevi population in its designation.

title: Ahriyan


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WorkChoices

WorkChoices was the name given to changes made to the federal industrial relations laws in Australia by the Howard government in 2005, being amendments to the Workplace Relations Act 1996 by the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005, sometimes referred to as the Workplace Relations Amendment Act 2005, that came into effect on 27 March 2006.

In May 2005, Prime Minister John Howard informed the Australian House of Representatives that the federal government intended to reform Australian industrial relations laws by introducing a unified national system. WorkChoices was ostensibly designed to improve employment levels and national economic performance by dispensing with unfair dismissal laws for companies under a certain size, removing the "no disadvantage test" which had sought to ensure workers were not left disadvantaged by changes in legislation, thereby promoting individual efficiency and requiring workers to submit their certified agreements directly to Workplace Authority rather than going through the Australian Industrial Relations Commission. It also made adjustments to a workforce's ability to legally go on strike, enabling workers to bargain for conditions without collectivised representation, and significantly restricting trade union activity.

The passing and implementation of the new laws was strongly opposed by the left side of politics, particularly the trade union movement. It was argued that the laws stripped away basic employee rights and were fundamentally unfair. The ACTU, the peak association for Australian trade unions, consistently ran television advertisements attacking the new laws and launching its "Your Rights at Work" campaign opposing the changes. The campaign involved mass rallies and marches, television and radio advertisements, judicial action, and e-activism. The week of action culminated on 1 July 2005 with a "SkyChannel" meeting of union delegates and members organised by Unions NSW. The meeting was followed by a large rally in Sydney and events in regional areas. Individual state governments also opposed the changes. For example, the Victorian Government introduced the Victorian Workplace Rights Advocate as a form of political resistance to the changes.

WorkChoices was a major issue in the 2007 federal election, with the Australian Labor Party (ALP) led by Kevin Rudd vowing to abolish it. Labor won government at the 2007 election and repealed the whole of the WorkChoices legislation and replaced it with the Fair Work Act 2009.

WorkChoices changes
WorkChoices made a number of significant changes to the Workplace Relations Act 1996, including:
 * formation of a single national industrial relations system in relation to incorporated corporations, to replace the separate State and federal systems.
 * establishment of the Australian Fair Pay Commission to determine minimum wages in place of National Wage Cases at the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC).
 * streamlined the making of Certified Agreements and Australian workplace agreements, including increasing the maximum life of agreements from three years to five years.
 * reduction in the number of allowable matters, which could be covered by awards.
 * creation of five minimum workplace conditions.
 * exemption of companies with fewer than 101 employees from unfair dismissal laws.
 * exemption of all companies from unfair dismissal laws, where a dismissal is for a bona fide operational reason.
 * increased restrictions on allowable industrial action.
 * mandated secret ballots for industrial action.
 * outlawed pattern bargaining and industry-wide industrial action.

Scope of the system
Before the commencement of WorkChoices the Commonwealth relied on the conciliation and arbitration power (section 51(xxxv) of the Constitution) which provides that the Commonwealth may make laws with respect to "conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State".

The Howard government sought to bring as many employees under WorkChoices as was within its constitutional powers. It relied on the corporations power (Section 51(xx) of the Constitution of Australia) extending its coverage to an estimated 85% of Australian employees. All employees of "constitutional corporations" (i.e. trading, financial, and foreign corporations) became covered by the WorkChoices system. Other constitutional powers used by the federal government to extend the scope of the legislation included the territories power to cover the Australian territories, including the external territories of the Christmas and Cocos Islands, the external affairs power, the interstate and overseas trade and commerce power, and the powers of the Commonwealth to legislate for its own employees. Victoria had voluntarily referred its industrial relations powers to the Commonwealth in 1996, under section 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution.

While one of the purposes of these changes was to provide a single national industrial relations system, in practice, each of the States' systems (except Victoria and the territories) remained in force. State industrial relations systems continued to apply to employers that were not covered by federal agreements (Australian workplace agreements or collective agreements), bound to a federal award, or were not incorporated and trading, financial or foreign organisations. Employers that remained in the State systems included sole traders, partnerships, incorporated associations which are not "trading and financial corporations" and state government bodies.

Court decisions may be required to establish whether an organisation falls under this definition; areas of contention include local government and incorporated associations that undertake some trading activities, such as not-for-profit organisations. There have been several test cases in state and federal jurisdictions, including Bysterveld v Shire of Cue and Bankstown Handicapped Children's Centre Association Inc v Hillman. The general principles established by this case and similar cases since the introduction of WorkChoices were that the types of activities carried out by an individual organisation and the extent and value of these activities must be assessed on a case-by-case basis to determine whether the activities are considered substantially "trading and financial".

Changing dismissal protection laws for most employees
WorkChoices contained provisions relating to both unfair dismissal and unlawful termination, which are separate matters. The Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) retained some of its role in hearing unfair dismissal and unlawful termination cases, but increased the emphasis on mediation and conciliation. It also reduced the timeframe within which employees were able to lodge such claims; claims had to be lodged within 21 days from the date of termination. Employees could apply for an extension of this timeframe, but a review of published decisions shows that extensions were infrequently granted. Fees applied for applications, at one time $55.70.

Both unfair dismissal and unlawful termination claims went through an initial hearing and compulsory conciliation conference at the AIRC. Only when the conciliation was unsuccessful and a conciliation certificate issued could the claim proceed to the next step. For unfair dismissal claims, the claim proceeded to arbitration by the AIRC, where a Member of the Commission could issue a binding decision. For unlawful termination claims, the claim proceeded to a court with appropriate jurisdiction such as the Federal Court or the Industrial Division of the Federal Magistrates Court.

Prior to WorkChoices, unfair dismissal protections existed in awards or through state industrial relation commissions. The changes to dismissal laws was part of WorkChoices which reduced the protections of previous unfair dismissal laws, which were introduced at a federal level by the Labor government of Paul Keating in 1993. The arguments for these changes related to creating jobs by removing the burden on business of dismissing unsuitable employees. Arguments against the changes included the lack of job security for employees.

WorkChoices introduced several restrictions on who was able to lodge an unfair dismissal claim with the AIRC. Unfair dismissal was defined by the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (the Act) as dismissal which is "harsh, unjust or unreasonable." Employees had to be working for a business that had more than 100 employees, and served a qualifying period of 6 months to claim unfair dismissal. Other reasons that excluded an employee from taking unfair dismissal action included where an employee was employed on a seasonal basis or on a contract of employment for a specified period or task, employed on a probationary period that was reasonable and determined in advance, a short-term casual employee, a trainee engaged for a specific period, or an employee not employed under an award or workplace agreement and earning more than $101,300 per year.

Significantly, the Act also excluded employees who were dismissed for "genuine operational reasons or reasons including genuine operational reasons". "Genuine operational reasons" were defined in the Act as "reasons of an economic, technological, structural or similar nature." Interpretation of this clause by the AIRC had created precedent for a broad application of this section of the Act. In Carter v Village Cinemas, the Full Bench of the AIRC decided upon appeal that an operational reason need only be a reason for dismissal, not the sole or dominant reason for dismissal. In another significant decision, Andrew Cruickshank v Priceline Pty Ltd, Mr Cruickshank was employed at Priceline on a package of $101,150. He was terminated and Priceline subsequently hired a new employee in the same position on a package of $65,000–$75,000. Priceline claimed, successfully, that they had not breached the unfair dismissal provisions of the Act, as the dismissal saved the business money, therefore was for a reason including a genuine operational reason.

Unlawful termination encompassed several parts; notice of termination, Centrelink notification, and prohibited reasons. Under Section 661 of the Act, employees, other than excluded employees (including casual employees with less than 12 months' regular ongoing service, apprentices) were required to be given a specified period of notice of termination or payment in lieu of this notice. Where this was not provided to an employee, an unlawful termination application could have been lodged. In certain circumstances where a business terminates 15 or more employees, the business needed to give written notice to a body prescribed by the Workplace Relations Regulations 2006, currently Centrelink.

Prohibited reasons for termination included discriminatory reasons such as age, race, national extraction, political opinion, sex, sexual preference, religion, marital status, disability, pregnancy and family responsibilities; refusal to sign an Australian workplace agreement (AWA) (however, it was not prohibited to deny employment to a new employee who refuses to sign an AWA); being involved in proceedings against an employer for alleged breach of the law; membership or non-membership of a union or participation in union activities; and absence from work due to illness or injury, parental leave or emergency management activities. Unlike unfair dismissal provisions, there were no restrictions on employees who can lodge unlawful termination claims for prohibited reasons.

Removing the "No Disadvantage Test" for agreements
Prior to the WorkChoices coming into force, certified agreements, subsequently called Collective Agreements (CAs) and individual Australian workplace agreements (AWAs), had to pass a No Disadvantage Test. This test compared a proposed agreement to an underpinning and relevant award that had or should have covered employees up until the proposal for an agreement. The No Disadvantage Test weighed the benefits of the award against the proposed agreement to ensure that, overall, employees were no worse off.

WorkChoices required that employers provide employees with five minimum entitlements, which covered maximum ordinary working hours, annual leave, parental leave, personal/carer's leave and minimum pay scales. These five minimum entitlements were referred to as the Australian Fair Pay and Conditions Standard. However, the standard did not have any bearing on agreements that were certified prior to the commencement of WorkChoices: Notional Agreements Preserving State Awards (NAPSAs) if their conditions were more generous than what is provided for under the standard, those conditions will continue to apply.

Those who supported the scrapping of the No Disadvantage Test claimed that it was too complex and argued that its removal would create more opportunities for unemployed people to be offered a job. The example of "Billy" was used in material supporting the Government's position. Unions and other groups opposed to WorkChoices claimed that Billy was a perfect example of why the new laws were unfair and would lead to bosses exploiting their workers.

In response to widespread criticism, the government introduced a fairness test to replace the standard. However, the legislation was not retrospective and so did not apply to agreements created between the inception of the original WorkChoices legislation on 27 March 2006 and when the Fairness Test became operative on 7 May 2007.

Streamlined process for agreement certification
Previously, certified agreements, which were collective agreements about employment entitlements and obligations, made by an employer directly with employees or with unions, had to be lodged and certified in the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC).

The new legislated changes transferred responsibility for overseeing the agreement certification process to the Workplace Authority, which had some of its other powers of investigation transferred to the Workplace Ombudsman. Now instead of appearing before a Commissioner at the AIRC, parties to a collective agreement were only required to lodge the agreement with the Workplace Authority.

This new process was criticised by those opposed to WorkChoices as they believed that it would give unions less opportunity to scrutinise and intervene where they believed an agreement had been unfairly drafted. However, the government stated in response that the intention of this part of the Act was to improve the turn-around time for agreement certification. In addition, the newly amended Act provided for substantial penalties upon employers, employees and unions where a collective agreement did not comply with the new regulations or included prohibited content.

Office of the Employment Advocate survey
The Office of the Employment Advocate, now known as the Workplace Authority, conducted a survey ending in September 2006 which showed the following results with respect to 'protected' conditions lost in WorkChoices legislation: of all AWAs sampled, 88 per cent abolished or 'modified' overtime rates; 89 per cent of AWAs either abolished or 'modified' shiftwork loading; 91 per cent abolished or 'modified' monetary allowances; 85 per cent abolished or 'modified incentive payments; 82 per cent abolished or 'modified' public holiday payments; and 83 per cent abolished or 'modified' rest breaks. In each of these cases conditions were more often abolished than modified, and all modifications represented decreases in conditions. Lastly, though 66 per cent of AWAs resulted in wage increases, 52 per cent of these increases were unquantified or not guaranteed.

Passage into law

The Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Bill 2005 (Cth) was introduced into the Australian House of Representatives on 2 November 2005 by the Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, Kevin Andrews. The Australian Labor Party claimed it was not provided with enough copies of the Bill when it entered the House and mounted a campaign against the Bill in the House throughout the day. During Question Time, Opposition members continually interjected while Government members were speaking, leading the Speaker (and later the Deputy Speaker) to remove 11 of them.

On the same day, the Senate referred the Bill to its Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Committee. The committee allowed five days for submissions to be made to the committee, with the closing date being 9 November 2005. Five days of hearings were scheduled to be held at Parliament House in Canberra commencing 14 November with the committee reporting to the Senate on 22 November. The decision to have a rather short inquiry was criticised by Labor, who claimed that it was an attempt by the Government to avoid proper scrutiny of the Bill. By 9 November, the Senate committee had received more than 4,500 submissions, of which only 173 were published on its website. The committee did not individually acknowledge and publish all submissions, due to the large number of submissions, at least partially resulting from the ACTU campaign against WorkChoices, which included setting up a form on its website by which people could make a submission.

The Bill passed through the House of Representatives on 10 November and was introduced into the Senate later that day by Special Minister of State, Senator Eric Abetz.

On 14 November the Senate Inquiry began its five-day hearing—in which only a fraction of the submissions were heard—with the submissions of State and Territory Industrial Relations Ministers and representatives. The representatives were each allowed only seven minutes to address the Inquiry, during which they criticised the package as being unconstitutional and undermining the rights and conditions of workers. The Bill was passed, with amendments, by the Senate, by a vote of 35–33 on 2 December 2005.

The Bill received Royal Assent on 14 December and the parts concerning the Australian Fair Pay Commission, wages for school based trainees and apprentices, and redundancy pay for small employers came into force immediately from that date.

The Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations released the first set of regulations for the Bill on 17 March 2006 and following that the complete Act was proclaimed by Australia's Governor-General Michael Jeffery. The Act commenced on 27 March 2006.

In July 2007, a biography of John Howard said he pushed the WorkChoices legislation through in 2006 so it would not be announced in an election year, and that several cabinet ministers expressed concerns that the legislation would disadvantage too many workers.

High Court challenge
The ACTU's media campaign triggered a government counter-campaign promoting the reforms. Stage one of the government campaign preceded the release of the legislation and cost approximately $46 million, including advertisements from both the government and the Business Council of Australia, information booklets and a hotline. Government polling of the period August 2005 to February 2006, not released until March 2008, revealed that the government's advertising campaign failed to make workers less apprehensive about WorkChoices.

The ALP, minor parties and the ACTU attacked the advertising campaign, with ACTU President Sharan Burrow describing the advertisements as deceitful party-political advertising funded through taxes. The Government argued that such expenditure is normal procedure when introducing radical change, citing the example of the GST advertising. However, that advertising was severely criticised at the time, and for the same reasons. The expenditure was challenged in the High Court of Australia by the ALP and the ACTU, in Combet v Commonwealth, on the grounds that the expenditure was not approved by Parliament. On 29 September 2005 the High Court rejected this argument in a majority decision.

National days of protest
On 15 November 2005, the ACTU organised a national day of protest, during which the ACTU estimated 546,000 people took part in marches and protests in Australia's state capitals and other cities. The rallies were addressed by Labor State Premiers. Other notable Australians, including former Labor Prime Minister Bob Hawke, also spoke in opposition to the industrial relations changes.

A second national day of protest was held across Australia on 30 November 2006 with rallies or meetings in about 300 sites nationwide. At the MCG the entertainment included Jimmy Barnes and the crowd was addressed by such speakers as the leader of the opposition Kim Beazley. Estimates for the Melbourne crowd ranged from 45,000 to 65,000 people at the MCG and the march to Federation Square. In other cities, an estimated 40,000 people attended a similar rally in Sydney, 20,000 in Brisbane, 7,000 in Adelaide, 3,000 in Perth, 2,000 in Darwin, and 1,000 in Canberra.

Online campaigns
As part of its campaign against WorkChoices, the ACTU set up the "Your Rights at Work" campaign website, with more than 170,000 people signing up to receive updates about the campaign and the e-list also being part of the online campaign actions. One of the most well-supported campaigns was "Take a Stand Barnaby!", petitioning National Party of Australia Senator Barnaby Joyce to act on his concerns about WorkChoices and vote against them in the Senate in November 2005. Ultimately unsuccessful, the petition received 85,189 signatures, thought by the ACTU to be a record for an Australian online petition at that time.

Other internet activism campaigns undertaken by the Rights at Work website supporters included raising $50,000 in five working days to erect a billboard on Melbourne's Tullamarine Freeway raising awareness of WorkChoices. The online campaigns also targeted employers, like Darrell Lea CEO John Tolmie. In April, Mr Tolmie bowed to pressure and halted plans to shift his workforce onto AWA individual contracts after 10,000 Rights at Work supporters emailed him asking him to reconsider.

High Court challenge
At the commencement of the WorkChoices reforms every state and territory of Australia had a Labor government. The States lodged a challenge to the Constitutional validity of WorkChoices in the High Court of Australia. Various union groups also lodged their own challenge in the High Court. The High Court heard arguments between 4 May 2006 and 11 May 2006. On 14 November 2006 the High Court, by a 5 to 2 majority, rejected the challenge, upholding the Government's use of the constitutional corporations power as a constitutionally valid basis for the WorkChoices reforms.

Political reactions and consequences
When it was tabled in the Parliament, there was significant concerns from civil libertarians and the Opposition that the Bill was passed far too quickly for those voting on it to actually read the document closely, and that insufficient physical copies of the bill had been given to the Opposition to read before a vote was held.

Employer associations such as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry had indicated they supported WorkChoices at the time, figures that ran counter to the 50 per cent of employers cited in a 2007 AC Nielsen poll as opposing the measures. The Australian labour movement, represented by the Australian Council of Trade Unions, ran a very effective media campaign attacking the proposed changes, and alternate models were proposed by the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), who won the subsequent election in a landslide. The Liberal (center-right) Government at that time used federal funds to produce and air an advertising campaign promoting WorkChoices, a decision that which was criticised by the federal opposition and challenged in the High Court. In addition, the state governments of Australia (all of which were Labor at the time) used the High Court to challenge the legality of the Commonwealth using the Corporations power to sidestep the usual parliamentary oversight and implement WorkChoices, but were ruled against.

WorkChoices was not a 2004 Liberal party election policy. However, following the 2004 federal election, the Liberal–National coalition held a majority in both houses of parliament, and amendments were introduced into the House of Representatives on 2 November 2005. A senate inquiry was held into the Bill from 14 November 2005 to 22 November 2005. The length of this was criticised by the Opposition as being too short. A survey by the Workplace Authority found that although most AWAs (Australian workplace agreement) removed some leave loadings, this was also accompanied by a wage rise in most cases. WorkChoices was passed by the Senate on 2 December 2005. The primary changes came into effect on 27 March 2006.

In December 2005, the federal ALP caucus formed an Industrial Relations Taskforce in order to investigate the adverse effects of the legislation, chaired by Brendan O'Connor, with special emphasis on the impact on regional and rural communities, women and young people. During 2006, the Taskforce traveled to every state and territory in Australia, convening meetings with individuals, employers, church and community groups and trade unions, collecting testimony in order to inform federal Labor's policy response and to publicise instances of actual exploitation. An interim report, "WorkChoices: A Race to the Bottom" was launched by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley at Parliament House, Canberra on 20 June 2006, and widely distributed.

WorkChoices was a prominent issue in the defeat of the centre-right Howard Liberal government at the 2007 federal election. The centre-left Rudd Labor government dismantled the legislation in 2008, declaring it "dead".

"WorkChoices" brand discarded
The Australian Government stopped using the name "WorkChoices" to describe its industrial relations changes on 17 May 2007. Workplace Relations Minister Joe Hockey said the brand had to be dropped due to the union and community campaign against the WorkChoices laws. "It has resonated because it has been the most sophisticated and articulate political campaign in the history of this country." The ACTU countered that the name may have changed but the laws were the same. The Government did not rename the brand, but did launch a new advertising campaign that did not refer specifically to WorkChoices. This gave rise to the jibe from critics and commentators alike that the policy was one that dare not speak its name, an allusion to the euphemism coined by Lord Alfred Douglas for homosexuality. Another notable curiosity was the continuation of the website.

Legacy
Kevin Rudd took over the Australian Labor Party leadership on 4 December 2006, and in the process reaffirming his opposition to WorkChoices. As Labor won government at the 2007 federal election, it retained a federal rather than states-based system. Additionally, it planned to phase out Australian workplace agreements (AWAs) over a period of years with a preference of collective agreements and awards with an exclusion to those earning over $100,000. Unfair dismissal laws were to be restored to all businesses; however, employees joining companies with under 15 employees will be placed under a twelve-month probationary period. Restrictive right of entry rules in to workplaces for unions introduced under WorkChoices were to remain and secret ballots (rather than open ballots) to decide on carrying out strikes were to continue, which would become banned except during periods of collective bargaining. The dismantling of the group of industrial relations bodies created by the government would also occur, and in their place a service known as "Fair Work Australia" would be created.

Kevin Rudd used part of the 2007 election debate to argue that the Liberal Party was being influenced by the H. R. Nicholls Society to make further reforms to industrial relations, citing Nick Minchin's attendance to last year's H. R. Nicholls Society conference, where he told the audience that the coalition knew its reform to WorkChoices were not popular but the process of change must continue, and that "there is still a long way to go ... awards, the IR commission, all the rest of it". The Australian Labor Party stated that "We know the HR Nicholls society supports the abolition of awards, supports the abolition of the minimum wage, supports the abolition of the independent umpire, the Industrial Relations Commission".

In 2007, the Society criticised the WorkChoices legislation for creating even more regulation. The Society, which in fact supports deregulation of the labour market to the extent that employers and employees simply form contracts with each other and then deal with any disputes via the courts, admonished the WorkChoices model particularly for its length and the amount of red tape, claiming it was "all about regulation" and comparing it to the "old Soviet system of command and control", as well as on federalist grounds saying "This attempt on his part to diminish the role of the states, to concentrate all power in Canberra, is very much to Australia's detriment". Society President Ray Evans stated that in creating WorkChoices "John Howard has assumed an omnipotence that Labor will inherit and to which no mortal should aspire. It will end in tears." Des Moore stated on behalf of the Society that "The HR Nicholls Society is very disappointed with the work choices changes."

Howard's successor as leader of the Liberal Party, Brendan Nelson declared that his party has "listened and learned" from the Australian public. He also declared that WorkChoices was "dead" and would never be resurrected as part of Coalition policy, and called on Rudd to move quickly to introduce draft industrial relations legislation. Former IR minister Joe Hockey said the laws "went too deep" but were introduced with "the best intentions". "As I said yesterday and I've said since election day, WorkChoices is dead, and there is an overwhelming mandate for the Labor Party's policy of tearing up WorkChoices," he said.

Former Prime Minister John Howard broke his post-election silence in March 2008 by attacking Rudd's industrial relations policy while defending WorkChoices.

In March 2008 Federal Industrial Relations Minister Julia Gillard revealed that the previous government had spent $121 million on what she described as WorkChoices propaganda including promotional material such as 98,000 mousepads, 77,000 pens and 100,000 plastic folders.

On 19 March 2008, a bill was passed in the Senate that prevented new AWAs from being made, and set up provisions for workers to be transferred from AWAs into intermediate agreements.

On 27 March 2008, the ban on new AWAs came into effect in Australia. The date was chosen by Acting Prime Minister Julia Gillard to have the law given royal assent as it coincided with the second anniversary of the WorkChoices legislation. "On this two-year anniversary of WorkChoices, we are here to start burying WorkChoices," announced Julia Gillard. Brendan Nelson, Leader of the Opposition, made it clear that the Liberal-National Coalition will not seek to reintroduce AWAs, saying: "I made it clear on behalf of the Coalition prior to Christmas that WorkChoices is dead."

Greens MP Adam Bandt criticised the 2014 budget as allowing WorkChoices to make an "insidious comeback".

In January 2014, Liberal Prime Minister Tony Abbott distanced himself from senator Cory Bernardi after the latter called for more flexible industrial relations laws.

title: WorkChoices


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File:Hint PortakabinFever albumcover.jpg

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This image is of the UK CD cover for the Hint (musician) album, Portakabin Fever. It is used in the article about the album, Portakabin Fever. The image is therefore illustrative of, and directly relevant to, the article's content. The justification / rationale for using this image is:

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Gram123 16:42, 8 November 2007 (UTC)


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Talk:Daisies of the Galaxy

Fair use rationale for Image:Eels - Daisies Of The Galaxy.jpg
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Some credits do not appear on the actual release
Please remove "Paul Edge - turntables" from the personnel section, I do not see his name credited on the physical release that my sister owns. Thomasthedarkenguine (talk) 01:05, 8 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Merci. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 01:52, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daisies of the Galaxy


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The Auberge of the Flowering Hearth

The Auberge of the Flowering Hearth is a non-fiction food book by Roy Andries De Groot.

Published in 1973, the book is about the time de Groot spent at an inn called L'Auberge de l'Atre Fleuri in St-Pierre-de-Chartreuse in the Savoy region of France, and about the good meals he ate there.

The book addresses the logic of constructing a meal of several dishes so that they harmonize with one another, to the use of primarily local and seasonal ingredients to contribute to this harmony, and also an internal harmony within individual dishes. It is also a snapshot of old-school aperitifs, such as kir, and illustrates how a modest kitchen can produce out world-class food.

One of the more notable aspects of the book is that de Groot was blind.

The book has been cited as an important influence by many later chefs and food writers, including Julee Rosso and Alice Waters. It was also a favourite of Nach Waxman, the founder of Kitchen Arts & Letters.

title: The Auberge of the Flowering Hearth


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User talk:Marvin2k03

Hello Martin. I think this message should reach you.

Isn't Wikipedia brilliant?

title: User talk:Marvin2k03


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Rafael Sánchez Navarro

Rafael Sánchez Navarro (born 1958) is a Spanish-Mexican actor. He is the son of Manolo Fábregas, an actor from Spain who established himself in Mexico.

Biography
Growing up in a family of actors and seeing his relatives on television, film studios, and interviews [ citation needed], Sanchez Navarro was introduced to the world of show business early on.

Following his father's footsteps, at the age of twenty-two, Sanchez Navarro played a supporting role in the 1980 telenovela Secretos de Confesion (Secrets to Confess). He did not work in telenovelas again until 1982's Por Amor (For Love). In 1983, he acted in Manana es Primavera (Tomorrow it Will Be Spring), Cuarteto Para el fin del Tiempo (A Quartet Until the End), Bodas de Odio (Hate Wedding), and Cazador de Demonios (Demon Hunter).

He played Orson, a feature character, in 1988's El Pecado de Oyuki (Oyuki's Sin). [ citation needed]

He participated in only one episode of 1989's Cita con la Muerte (Date with Death). Afterwards, he acted in small roles in three more soap operas, before playing Adolfo Degollado in 1991's El Teatro del Horror (Horror Theatre). He followed that up by playing Rodolfo Olmedo in 1992's Lo Blanco y lo Negro (Black and White), and Renato in 1993's Valentina, another telenovela. [ citation needed]

Sanchez Navarro reached celebrity status when he played Santiago Ugalde, a criminal millionaire and show business representative, in 1994's Volver a Empezar, alongside actors Yuri (who played Santiago's girlfriend), Chayanne, Eduardo Changerotti, and Guillermo García Cantú, among others. [ citation needed]

Volver A Empezar spawned a soundtrack CD, where Chayanne, Yuri and Changerotti sang. The soap opera gave Sanchez Navarro fame in places such as Argentina, Puerto Rico, the United States, Israel, and Russia. [ citation needed]

After finding success, Sanchez Navarro was moved to Televisa's rival, TV Azteca. He became one of that network's first bonafide celebrities when he signed a contract with the channel, and, towards the end of 1994, he recorded Peor es Nada, which was also seen in Hong Kong with the name Better Than Nothing.

title: Rafael Sánchez Navarro


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Fyrk

A fyrk was a monetary unit used in Sweden in the 15th to 17th century, with a value of between 1/6 and 1/2 öre. The word is derived from Middle Low German vereken (vierichen) and ultimately from ver or vier, a monetary unit (from vier, "four"). After the monetary unit had been abolished, the word remained in use in the general sense of "small money", "pennies", "an insignificant sum"; and as a slang word for "money" in Finland Swedish, from where it is borrowed in Finnish slang (as fyrkka).

With the Swedish municipal reforms of 1862, the unit fyrk was re-used as a unit for counting voting rights in the municipal election. Voting rights were graded according to income and assets, counted in fyrks and recorded in the fyrktalslängd, the "fyrk counting list" for each municipality. It was in use from 1863 to 1909. The vägfyrk or "road fyrk", a unit for road tax, remained in use until 1937.

Up until 17th century fyrks were minted from silver; later the copper was used as the value of the coin suffered continuous inflation.

title: Fyrk


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Alaturbi

Alaturbi is a Turkish festival celebrated in Akcaabat and Besikdüzü (west of Trabzon) on 29 June - 6 July with the participation of Cephni Turkomans in honour of the sea.

The peoples of the Anatolian Pontic coast, east of Trabzon from Samsun to Rize Pazar, hold the celebration on 20 May (or 7 May in the Hegirian calendar); and in Sürmene, it is called "Litropi."

In Giresun, the people pray at Arethian Island, where there used to be a shrine to Ares; but in most places, the people make a pilgrimage to the sea and swim. Those who cannot do so commonly take a bath in seawater, and supposedly recover from their illnesses, such as aches and pains and even epilepsy.

title: Alaturbi


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Deighton, Huddersfield

Deighton pronounced as Dee-ton is a district of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It is situated 2 mi north east of the town centre and lies off the A62 Leeds Road.

Deighton was formerly known as East Bradley, and Bradley was called West Bradley. The name changed when the Deighton family bought the area stretching from Screamer Woods (near the Deighton Fields) to Sheepridge and Brackenhall.

Deighton has a railway station on the Huddersfield Line for services to Huddersfield, Leeds and Wakefield. The typical journey time to Huddersfield is usually 7 minutes, to Wakefield Westgate 31 minutes and to Leeds 34 minutes.

The Deighton Centre was a place for educational, training and leisure activities. It was formerly a high school for Deighton, Bradley and Brackenhall students. Deighton High School closed on 31 August 1992, and most students and some staff were relocated to Fartown High School. The centre was refurbished as a sports/music venue, and utilised by the Local Authority, Kirklees Council, for staff training. Next door to the centre, the Deighton Sports Arena was developed which houses a gym, squash court and basketball court and is a venue for dancehall music. In March 2016 the Deighton Centre was demolished.

The chemical company, Syngenta has a large plant off the A62 Leeds Road.

Leeds Road Playing Fields has football, cricket and all-weather pitches, a sports hall and an athletics track. Home to Kirklees Ladies FC.

Deighton Carnival
Deighton is a multi-racial district and home to Deighton Carnival in late June every year organised by Fresh Horizons - A community based social enterprise group based in Deighton. The carnival started in 2002 and attracts 3,000 people from Deighton and the rest of Huddersfield. It starts with a procession of floats playing Reggae Dancehall, Bassline, RnB, Garage Drum and Bass and Reggae on the road, costumed bands make up more of the procession including Suga Brown dance group, "Whitacre TRA" and Bradley Junior and Infant and Ashbrow Junior and Infant schools.

title: Deighton, Huddersfield


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Marc Seguin

Marc Seguin (20 April 1786 – 24 February 1875) was a French engineer, inventor of the wire-cable suspension bridge and the multi-tubular steam-engine boiler.

Early life
Seguin was born in Annonay, Ardèche to Marc François Seguin, the founder of Seguin & Co., and Thérèse-Augustine de Montgolfier, a niece of the pioneer hot air balloonist Joseph Montgolfier.

Bridges
Seguin was an inventor and entrepreneur who developed the first suspension bridge in continental Europe. He built and administered 186 toll-bridges throughout France. At the 1823 Exposition des produits de l'industrie française a model was exhibited of a planned suspension bridge which would span the Rhône from Tain-l'Hermitage to Tournon-sur-Rhône. The bridge, designed by Seguin, was completed in 1825.

Steam locomotives
Shortly after the Stockton and Darlington Railway in England opened (1825) he visited it and observed George Stephenson's Locomotion in operation and acquired two of his engines, which however proved unreliable in French conditions. In 1829, he delivered two steam locomotives of his own design to the Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway. These used an innovative multi-tube boiler and also prominent mechanically-driven fans to provide draught on the fire, rather than Stephenson's blastpipe. This boiler resembled the later Scotch marine boiler in some aspects, in that the boiler had a large single flue from the furnace, then many small-diameter fire-tubes returning to a chimney above the firebox door. Uniquely, Seguin's design also arranged the furnace in a large square water-jacketed firebox beneath the boiler to provide a large grate area and greater heating capacity. Robert Stephenson had also made the same decision with his Rocket, but placed his firebox separately and behind the main boiler shell. Seguin's boiler enabled steam-engine trains to increase power and velocity from 4 miles per hour to 25 miles per hour, making railroad a more viable mode of transportation.

Other businesses
Inventor and entrepreneur, teaming with his brothers, Camille, Jules, Paul and Charles, as well as his brother in law Vincent Mignot he continued his father's successful business in textiles, paper, gas-lighting, coal mines, construction and added to it a railroad company and a bridge construction business.

Honours
Marc Seguin was voted into the Académie des Sciences in 1845, was made a Knight (Chevalier) of the Légion d'honneur in 1836 and an Officer in 1866, and wrote numerous books on the use of physics and mathematics in building bridges and locomotives engines. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.

title: Marc Seguin


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Zuo Ci

Zuo Ci, courtesy name Yuanfang, was a legendary personage of the late Eastern Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period (20 BC–280 AD) of China. Though he is known to be from Lujiang Commandery (盧江郡; around present-day Lu'an, Anhui), the years of his birth and death are unknown. It is believed that he had existed before the collapse of the Han dynasty, and it is claimed that he lived until the age of 300. He learned his magic and path to longevity from the Taoist sage Feng Heng (封衡), and eventually passed his arts to Ge Xuan.

In historical texts
Zuo Ci studied atop Mount Tianzhu, practiced medicinal alchemy and nourished his vital essence by controlled breathing and Taoist sexual practices. It is said that he could live for long periods without eating. He was also learned in the Confucian classics and in astrology.

The Shenxian zhuan (Biographies of Divine Transcendents) says Zuo Ci was expert in fenshen multilocation, divination, the power of summoning the xingchu "traveling kitchen", and the practice of alchemy (Pregadio 2008: 1305).

At some time before 200, the local warlord Sun Ce, who was a strict Confucian, wanted to kill Zuo Ci and chased him on horseback. Zuo Ci, unmounted, still managed to escape by seemingly walking slowly.

Later, Zuo Ci went to Cao Cao, who granted him a pension to do his magics. Cao Cao may have shown an interest in the Taoist approach to longevity by doing this, but his son Cao Zhi wrote that the pensions are only intended to keep the magicians and their wild teachings under control. Zuo Ci performed a number of magic acts in Cao Cao's court, such as catching an exotic fish from an empty copper pan, and teleporting far away to buy ginger. Zuo Ci once fed a whole court assembly with food and wine, but Cao Cao soon found out that Zuo Ci had emptied every wine shop in the region with his magic for this purpose. Cao Cao tried to execute Zuo Ci, but Zuo escaped by walking through walls. When someone reported that Zuo Ci had been sighted in the market, everyone in the market became identical to Zuo's appearance. Another report said Zuo Ci went to the mountaintop, so Cao Cao and his men went, and realised Zuo was concealed among a flock of sheep. Knowing he could not find him, Cao Cao announced to the flock of sheep that he was merely trying to test Zuo Ci's skill, and had no intention to kill him. At the moment, a goat stood on its hind legs and spoke. Cao Cao's men rushed to the goat, only to find the rest of the flock also turned into goats and started standing and speaking like humans. Zuo Ci was never found by Cao Cao's men again.

Zuo Ci eventually retired from the world to practise his arts in the mountains.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
As described in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zuo Ci was a Taoist known under the name of Master Black Horn (烏角先生). The novel describes Zuo Ci's fictional attainment of Taoist powers and his subsequent mission to persuade Cao Cao to follow Taoism.

Zuo Ci wielded amazing Taoist power and was described as a psychic. He studied on Mount Emei in Sichuan, where he found The Book of Concealing Method (遁甲天書), from which he learned to "ascend to the clouds astride the wind, to sail up into the great void itself;" and how "...to pass through mountains and penetrate rocks; ...to float light as vapor, over the seas, to become invisible at will or change [his] shape, to fling swords and project daggers so as to decapitate a man from a distance."

Zuo Ci offered Cao Cao the books if Cao himself became a disciple of Taoism. Cao Cao responded, "Often have I reflected upon this course and struggled against my fate, but what can I do? There is no one to maintain the government," when Zuo Ci suggested Liu Bei and threatened Cao Cao, " I may have to send one of my flying swords after your head one day", Cao accused Zuo of being one of Liu Bei's agents, and threatened him. Zuo Ci openly mocked Cao Cao in court and Cao had him arrested; the guards beat Zuo cruelly, but the Taoist then fell asleep and slept soundly through the night. This enraged Cao Cao, who ordered Zuo Ci to be starved of food, this also failed as Zuo quite happily went seven days without food or water. After this Cao Cao could think of nothing else to punish Zuo Ci. When Zuo Ci appeared at Cao Cao's banquet, Cao tested him by asking to get, among other things, a dragon's liver, a peony, and perch from the Song River. Zuo Ci accomplished everything, which drew further suspicion from Cao Cao. Zuo Ci then offered a cup of wine to Cao Cao, who said that Zuo should taste first. Zuo Ci took a stick and divided the wine in half, and drank one half. Cao Cao was enraged.

As a result, Cao Cao ordered Zuo Ci to be executed, but Zuo had disappeared. Cao Cao sent his general Xu Chu to capture Zuo Ci, Xu saw Zuo walking among a flock of sheep and slew the flock, thinking Zuo had become a sheep; when Xu had left the shepherd boy who had been tending the flock heard one of the sheep's heads telling him to place the heads next to the bodies to bring them back to life, the boy did this and the sheep returned to life. After Xu Chu failed to capture Zuo Ci, Cao Cao put out posters calling for Zuo Ci's capture, and as a result hundreds of men matching the exact description of Zuo were found, and Cao ordered them all executed. When they were all executed black vapor rose from their necks where they joined to form another image of Zuo Ci. The image summoned a crane for him to sit on, and Cao Cao had archers to shoot him down. Suddenly, a gust of wind brought the decapitated corpses back to life. The reanimated corpses carried their heads and started to beat Cao Cao. Cao Cao fainted due to shock, the winds died down, and Zuo Ci disappeared along with the corpses.

In popular culture
Zuo Ci is featured as a playable character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors and Warriors Orochi video game series.

In the Shaw Brothers film Five Element Ninjas, Zuo Ci was briefly mentioned in the film for being a founder of Ninjutsu with his Taoist arts. It was said that he used them to trick Cao Cao during his battles. This is referenced in another Shaw Brothers film, The Weird Man, where he tricked Cao Cao with his sorcery and he was also Yu Ji's spiritual brother.

title: Zuo Ci


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59 Club

The 59 Club, also written as The Fifty Nine Club and known as 'the 9', is a British motorcycle club with members distributed internationally.

The 59 Club started as a Church of England-based youth club founded at St Mary of Eton church in Hackney Wick by Reverend John Oates, in the East End of London, then an underprivileged area suffering post-war deprivations. Unlike most church youth clubs at the time, the 59 Club allowed entry to all young people from the local community, whether they attended church or not. The motorcycle section was established in 1962 and became known in the mid-1960s for its adoption of the British motorcycling subculture known as 'Rockers', who were at that time seen as "folk devils" at the centre of a moral panic in society due to their clashes with scooter-riding mods (see Mods and Rockers). Its badge has taken on an iconic value for them. The club enjoyed fame into the early 1980s as the top hang-out spot for London Rockers and other motorcyclists, seen as creating a positive archetype for its young members to follow.

History
The youth club was started by Church of England curate John Oates (who would later become the Canon of St. Brides in Fleet Street) to provide a place where young people could meet to enjoy music and fellowship. It broke with the tradition of most church youth clubs at the time by allowing entry to all young people from the local community whether they attended church or not.

Oates secured teen star Cliff Richard to play at its opening night on Thursday, 2 April 1959, and the huge turnout ensured that the club became an instant success. Richard returned to the club often over subsequent years, and it attracted Princess Margaret, her husband Lord Snowdon, actor Dame Elizabeth Taylor and later many motorcycling sportsmen and musicians. Club trustees included Bishop Trevor Huddleston, the famous anti-apartheid campaigner.

Inspired by a visit to the Ace Cafe, Reverend William Shergold started the motorcycle section in 1962. The motorcyclists met once a week on Saturday evenings at the Eton Mission, where there was ample parking and a large hall with table tennis, billiards, a juke box and a coffee bar. Motor Cycle staff writer Mike Evans in 1963 reported: "Ably managed by the Rev. Bill Shergold, the club is affectionately known by London riders as 'The Vic's Caff'!"

In May 1964, Rev. Shergold moved to a new parish, St. Mary on Paddington Green Church St Mary's. The club followed by moving from Hackney Wick to a church property at Paddington Green in Paddington in the West End of London.

In March 1965, AP news agency quoted the membership as "nearly 7,000, from almost every corner of Britain". The club celebrated its third anniversary at a function held at their two-story church hall on 23 October. The centerpiece was a large iced cake created by Arthur Keen and decorated by 'Jiminy' as a facsimile of Brands Hatch motor racing circuit and weighing 84 lb. The hall was packed with 1,200 members and friends attended, with some sleeping overnight and nearly 1,000 motorcycles parked outside. At that time, Motor Cycle magazine quoted the membership at 10,000, further confirming the previous year's membership with the comment: "That's well over 250 new members a month, if you care to work it out!". The celebrations were concluded the next day when Rev. Shergold held a Sunday service at his nearby church.

The January 1966 issue of Motorcycle Mechanics magazine carried a letter submitted previously by a Charles Howe, on behalf of the 59 Club, successfully applying for a free motorcycle, a vintage 1939 Royal Enfield v-twin donated by Assistant Editor Ian Speller. In the letter, membership was quoted at 9,500.

The venue for the club's fourth anniversary was Alexandra Palace, allowing for 3,000 attendees on 10 December. Membership in September 1966 was quoted at 13,000; the club hosted a stand at the Earls Court motorcycle show to recruit further new members.

The club made headlines again in 1968, when it became one of the first places in the UK to preview the previously banned biker movie The Wild One in 1968.

In 1969, the club was quoted as having 20,000 members during a "Write-In" campaign that began 5 October Members sent letters by mail and encouraged recipients to contribute 1 pound (£) each to raise capital needed to renovate their new premises.

The 59 Club attracted both male and female members. According to Father Graham Hullet, its success was based on its almost entire lack of rules. Besides motorcycles and 1950s rock and roll, the club involved activities such as football and sub-aqua diving—which gave the youths, mainly from underprivileged backgrounds, an outlet for their energy. Each year, the club organised ride-outs to famous winter motorcycle rallies such as the Dragon Rally in Wales, the Elephant Rally at the Nürburgring in Germany, and to the Isle of Man TT races. The 59 Club Barbeque still occurs every year at TT in Laxey, on the Isle of Man coast.

Towards the end of its heyday in the 1960s, the club witnessed the birth of a very different type of motorcycle club: the American-style outlaw motorcycle clubs. The rise of these groups, which tended to cater to an older and tougher crowd, was a contrast to the 59 way of life and marked the end of the 1960s British Rocker sub-culture. Soon after, Japanese motorcycles began to outnumber the old British bikes. The Rocker subculture would not see a resurgence for almost a decade, but the 59 Club was carried on by original members. By the late 1980s, a Rockers revival was underway and a number of enthusiasts started a 'Classic Section' within the club. This sub-group was dedicated to upholding the 1960s Rockers subculture (the style, music, and motorcycles).

Past leaders
Rev. Bill Shergold was remembered as "a father figure that many of the boys never had" was the president until he died aged 89 in Wells, Somerset in May 2009.

Another vicar and keen motorcyclist, Rev. Graham Hullett, was Club Leader from 1966 to 1970, and promoted a culture of helping people from troubled backgrounds. He was later interviewed for BBC Radio 4 Home Truths, to speak about the club's heyday. Hullet died in a Lincoln hospital in 2012, aged 80.

Mike Cook, a paid youth leader, retired from the club in 1992.

Present day

In 1993 the 59 Club moved from Yorkton Street in Hackney to Plaistow. Up until that time all the club heads were paid either by the church or the GLC but since then have managed the club on a voluntary basis.

In September 2009, the club celebrated its 50th anniversary service at St Martin-in-the-Fields church, Trafalgar Square, London.

Father Scott Anderson the club Chairman at the time lead the blessing at St Martin in the Fields Trafalgar Square.

In June 2018, the 59 Club appointed a new vicar, Father Sergiy Diduk, who opened a West London branch on the last Thursday of the month at All Saints Church in Hanworth, the first church set up by 59 Club founder Father Bill Shergold. Father Sergiy Diduk stepped down as Chair of the club in 2023.

2019 - The 60th anniversary of the club. The Bishop of London approached the club to offer the use of St. Pauls Cathedral to celebrate its diamond jubilee, with runs converging across London on the cathedral for a mass blessing and a remembrance.

2022 the 59 club had a blessing of the bikes at Westminster Abbey organised by Rev Sergiy which was televised on C5

The club has been run for the past 30 years by the Voluntary Club Leaders many of which have been members from the 60s. They form the Council of Management and Directors of the club. The constitution put forward by Father Bill calls for a Church of England Priest to be on this council hence the clubs links with the church.

title: 59 Club


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SDD

SDD may refer to:

Computing

 * Software Design Description (IEEE 1016–2009), a standard that specifies the form of the document used to specify system architecture and application design in a software-related project
 * Software Design Document, a written outline of the development of a course or a description of a software product

 * Solution Deployment Descriptor, a proposed OASIS standard for software deployment, configuration and maintenance
 * Software Design and Development, an HSC subject in NSW that details the basics of designing and developing software applications
 * Syntax-Directed Definition - a context-free grammar with attributes and rules
 * Sentential Decision Diagram, a formalism in knowledge compilation and artificial intelligence

Finances

 * SDD, for SEPA Direct Debit, a payment system in the Single Euro Payments Area in Europe
 * SDD, ISO code for the Sudanese dinar, the currency of Sudan 1992–2007, now replaced by the Sudanese pound

Science

 * Sulfadimidine, an antibiotic whose abbreviations include SDD
 * Shared delusional disorder, a psychiatric syndrome
 * Silicon drift detector, a p-n junction-based detector for ionizing radiation, such as for X-rays
 * Seasonal deficit disorder, another name for seasonal affective disorder
 * Symmetric diagonally dominant matrix systems in mathematics
 * Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in medicine

title: SDD


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Amboori

Amboori is a panchayath in Kattakkada Taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district in the state of Kerala in India. It is situated 38 km south-east of capital city Trivandrum.

The Amboori village has a population of 15,920 of which 4464 are males while 4785 are females as per Population Census 2011. The population of children aged 0–6 is 866, which makes up 9.36% of the total population of the village. The average sex ratio of Amboori village is 1072, lower than the Kerala state average of 1084. The child sex ratio for Amboori as per census is 977, higher than the Kerala average of 964.

Amboori village has a lower literacy rate than Kerala. In 2011, the literacy rate of Amboori village was 92.37% compared to 94.00% in Kerala. In Amboori male literacy stands at 94.34% while the female literacy rate was 90.54%.

An important ethnic group in the area is the Kanikar tribe; about 1200 members of this tribe live in the area.

Amboori is 40 km from the Agastiya mountain peak where Sage Agastiya, the founder of Ayurveda, is believed to have built his hermitage.

Geography
Amboori is situated in the southern tip of western ghats, surrounded by hills and is near to kattakkada. South east of Amboori is the state of Tamil Nadu. It is surrounded by the grama panchayaths of Vellarada, Aryancode, and Kallikkadu in the south, south-west and west respectively. The eastern part is covered by densely forested Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary. Amboori is well known for its high-yielding rubber plantations, however, the area also cultivates coconut, pepper, herbs, and medicinal plants. Amboori contains a plantation of holy Rudraksha (Eleocarpus Spaericus) trees. Adjoining Amboori is the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary that is separated from the populated area by the catchment area of Neyyar Reservoir.

In the western hills of Amboori there is a large boulder called the Dravyappara (the treasure rock). It is believed that Raja of Venad, later Thiruvithamcore or Travancore, on his exile, spent his days on the top of this rock. There are 72 steps carved on the side of the boulder allowing one to ascend to the top. The height of the Dravyappara is approximately 700 ft from its base and approximately 1500 ft above sea level. There is a cave temple at the top of Dravayappara.

Amboori has witnessed a large landslide in 2001 which claimed the life of 39 people. The tragedy occurred when a hill collapsed on to a house where there was a family gathering.

History
There are many stories about how Amboori got its name. The first one is that the tribal settlers had a rice variety which will flower and ripen in a single day! It is called "Annoori Nellu". Later Annoori became Amboori. There is another story which is related to Chadachi Marthandan Pillai, who was a great archer of King Marthanda Varma. Once, the Chadachi Marthandan Pillai was participating in an archery competition in a place called Ottashekharamangalam. He shot an Arrow (Ambu) which landed in a tree at a far away place. While removing (oori) the arrow from the tree, he has placed a special marking in it. Later the surrounding area has known as Amboori (Removed the Arrow).

Amboori was inhabited by members of the Kanikar tribe since time immemorial. Around 1200 members are still living here with all cooperation to new settlers. During the year 1729, a princely state came up in the name of Thiruvithamcoor or Travencore under the rule of King Marthandavarma. The King had several enemies like "Ettuveettil Pillamar", who was trying to eliminate him. To escape from them, the King stayed in various places like Ammatha, Pathukaani, Kottamanpuram, and Meenmutty in Neyyar River belt. At that time, the Kani tribe was taking care of his safety and security. At a time, the tribe took him to a large boulder called the Dravyappara (the treasure rock), which is approximately 700 ft from its base and 1500 ft above sea level.

The King was very much pleased with the tribes courtesy and the way they took care of him. Before leaving this place to Tamil Nadu, the King has allotted the tribe approximately 36000 hectors of land in chembu pattayam, totally exempting from land tax, this area mostly falls under Neyyatinkara and Nedumangadu Taluks, Amboori too falls under that stretch of land.

Amboori became quickly famous after the Second World War. The princely state of Thiruvithamcoor or Travencore has experienced severe famine. Hence, the King has allowed Saint Thomas Christians of Kottayam region to settle in uncultivated Western Ghats ranges. The announcement from the King resulted in migration to this area in 1930. The new settlers used to walk from Kattakada to reach Pantha which is the early settlement of Christians.

Kochupuraykkal Kuryachan from Cheruvandoor, Punchaal Chacko, Thomman Mullankuzhiyil, and Maylakkuzhi Kutty from Anikkadu, Vattanthottiyil Mathan Vaidyar and his brother Devasya from Mattakkara were the first one to reach this place.

Even though they could start farming after clearing the forest, fighting with Animals, and some local goons, they couldn't take it further with harsh nature and diseases like Malaria. Mullankuzhiyil Thomman died in July 1931 and he has been laid to rest at Mylakkara Church. Other people also lost their health and slowly they left the area.

The second migration started in 1932 when a group of 50 families from the central Travencore reached here. They stayed in Tree Houses and started farming. Tragedy stuck again in the form of Malaria. Many lost their lives and some left to better places. The families to stayed back had a real tough time in the middle of the jungle. Finally, only 3 families – Mullankuzhi, Mylakkuzhi, and Paranjattu- were alive.

Another migration of around 75 families started in 1937 and ended up in 1944. The families spread from Panthaplavu to Karumamkulam area. Their experience was also not different. Most of them lost their dear once'. Finally, 13 families – including Chirakkathottil Devasya, Valliyanippuram Paily, Moonanal Families, Meeshouseppu, Muthiyamala Samuel, Puthenparambil Mamchan, Thuruthel Kunjouseppu, Kalayil Unnichettan- left behind.

Most of the first migrators settled in a place called Pantha which has better water sources for farming. Patha is located north of Amboori and near Mayam. Even though most of the people are Catholics, they didn't have a priest to take care of their spiritual needs. Rev. Fr. Adeyadathos O C D (Muthiyavila Valyachan) has reached there and started taking care of everyone without religious boundaries.

It is learned from the elders, that Fr. Adeyadathoos had miraculous powers. After he finished the house visits, the area was covered by high wind and the problems with several diseases like malaria came to an end. The children born after this period was alive and started growing up. Before that, all the newborns used to die.

Fr. Adeyadathoos has constructed a Church – St. Mary's Church in Mayam, which is the first Church in this area. Since, there was an order of the Catholic hierarchy that if any new church is constructed, it should have an educational institution as well, they have also started St. Mary's School in Mayam. This school also the first such institution in this area.

However, the decision to construct a dam in Neyyar River, forced the people of Pantha, mostly Syrian Christians, Pulayas, and Parayas to resettle leaving all their lively hood. Most of them resettled in Amboori.

By seeing the new gazette in 1949–50 to convert Amboori area into a fully agricultural sector, more families reached here and most of them were Christians. For the new migrants to stay temporarily, a shed has been constructed by Kottakkuzhiyil Joseph Vaidyan and the first Holy Mass was celebrated in this shed by Fr. Adeyadathoos. So, the history of Amboori is the history of St.George's Church too. Here it started after the final Holy Mass celebrated at Vettukallel Chacko's new house, celebrating Holy Mass at an individual's house has stopped.

To have a new shed for the church, a committee has taken charge under the leadership of Thadikkattu Varki Mani as Convenor and Odalaniyil Thomas, Odanalyil Joseph, Nadackal Varkki, Kudilil Kuryakkos, Edathattel Varki, Pallithazhathu Chacko, Muttuchira Chacko, Karuvayil Mathew, Moonnanayil Kochu Varki, Vettukallel Joseph, Vettukallel Chacko, Karimbaniyil Devasya Chandi, Koolipparambil Mathayi, Kudilil Agasthy, Valliyanippuram Paili, Mundolikkal Joseph and V T Antony Vellappallil were members in this committee. The first church had 40 ft length and 20 ft width. By this time around 85 families newly arrived.

The church shed was also used as a school. Kottur Kuriyakkos, who was appointed as Pastor in the Church was also started teaching here. Anchupankil Thomas, Kesari, Nadackal Abraham, Thekkel Philip, V A Joseph were also Teachers in this primary school.

While taking a survey of Amboori, the faithful decided to shift the church a new place which is bought from Pattani A Varkki Vakkeel, who had around 200 acres of land in Amboori. Half acres of land had been bought by Rs. 150/- and another half acres he had donated. A new shed also came up for school. In 1955, Rev. Fr. Joseph Malipparambil has been appointed as the Vicar of the Church. Fr. Jacob Thottanani, Fr. Losious, and Fr. Antony Puthoor helped him. Their combined effort has changed the face of Amboori. St. George LP School building has been completed. A new building for St. Thomas UP School has been erected and approval for the Schools has been received from Government. They also concentrated to develop nearby places like Arukani, Netta, Thekkupara, Dalmukham, Vavodu, and Venuthadam. Amboori has got a Post office in 10-07-1955, Roads linking Kudappanamoodu-Koottappu-Amboori, Vazhichal-Amboori, Aanamukham-Amboori, Pantha-Amboori, Thekkupara-Amboori has been developed with the help of all locals. During this time, Amboori also had a Library and Sports Club.

In 1961, under N E S Block, Perunkadavila a Health Center & Midwifery started here. In 1962, a private market established in Koottappu. The Amboori Co-operative Bank has started functioning from 29-03-1965. A Milk Society, Dairy Farm, Poultry Farm, Bee Farm, and Bamboo Societies established during the 1965–69 period by Fr. Antony Puthoor.

Between 1966–70, the U P School has been upgraded to High School, Federal Bank started its operation, Printing Press and Good Samaritan Hospital started functioning in Amboori. Electricity reached Amboori in 5.7.1975. Amboori became a Panchayat in 27-12-1975. In 1-1-1979, the first telephone connection established. The First Bus Service from Neyyattinkara Depot to Koottappu via Pantha and Amboori started in 19-5-1976. First Grade Electricity Overseer Office started in 4-11-1987, Village office started in 30-05-1986, and Veterinary Hospital started in 6-2-1987.

Source: St. George's Church's Souvenir – 1988

Educational institutions

 * St. Thomas Higher Secondary School, both English and Malayalam medium
 * St. Joseph's primary school
 * St. Mary's Upper Primary School, Mayam
 * Tribal Primary School, Puravimalai
 * Kovilloor LPS Kannannoor, one of the first LP schools in Amboory area
 * Govt. UP School, Kuttamala
 * Mar Baselieus English Medium School, Kuttamala
 * St. Mary's LP School, Thekkupara, S.H. Nursery school Thekkuppara
 * Industrial Training Centre for Scheduled Tribes, Kuttamala
 * Koottappu Gopalan Memorial Library and Research Institute, Koottappu

Legends
Legend has it that the poor citizens of Amboory used to get small loans from an unnamed goddess (spirit) of the Dravyappara. A request for money was to be said aloud standing next to a large granite door on the northeastern side of the rock. On approval of the loan by the devata, a granite bucket on the southeastern side of the door would be filled with the requested amount. The citizen was expected to remit the same amount in a reasonable time frame by dropping the money in the bucket and pronouncing aloud that the money was deposited.

It was an unspoken rule that no one should look inside the door; however, one day a young man, while returning the loan of his father, waited to see who the lender was. Eventually, he saw a beautiful nude woman come out, take the money, and turn to go inside. However, as the story goes, she sees the young man and, instantaneously, the door of the Dravyappara closed forever with a large thunderclap.

Some villagers believe that one day the door will open again, and they perform pujas (worship rituals) regularly on the southeastern side of the Dravyappara where there are three narrow entrances.

The Kani Tribe of Amboory have another legend in which one of the oldest devotees of the Dravyappara received a divine vision of a Devi (goddess) while performing his puja. She reportedly told him, "I will open the door for you provided you can sow and reap the rice in a single day" from a certain paddy field. However, the tribe has no conclusion to the story.

title: Amboori


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Fujiwara no Nobuyori

Fujiwara no Nobuyori (藤原 信頼) was the instigator and chief ally of Minamoto no Yoshitomo in the Heiji Rebellion of 1159. As a member of the Fujiwara clan, Nobuyori might have been in line to become regent, and he desired power, which he obtained for a short while following the Rebellion.

In the late 1150s, tensions rose in court between Fujiwara no Michinori (Shinzei) and his political opponents, centering around a number of issues, including executions of supporters of Sutoku from the Minamoto clan, Shinzei's attempts to restore the authority of the crown, the relative favour given to Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the powers of the retired (cloistered) Emperor Go-Shirakawa relative to his son Emperor Nijō. According to some sources, Fujiwara no Nobuyori had homosexual relations with Emperor Go-Shirakawa, which resulted in his high government post. Shinzei and his sons, however, had strong influence, especially with the Emperor, and opposed Nobuyori gaining still higher rank.

When Taira no Kiyomori, head of his clan, left Kyoto for a time in 1159, it seemed the perfect opportunity for Nobuyori and the Minamoto to make a move; though some say Kiyomori left the city intentionally, luring his enemies into a trap. Nobuyori and the Minamoto attacked the Sanjō Palace, abducting the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa, killing much of his staff, and setting the building aflame. They brought him to the Great Palace, where Emperor Nijō was being held hostage as well. They then moved on to the home of chief-councillor Fujiwara no Michinori, killing everyone there; Michinori escaped, only to be captured and decapitated soon afterwards. Nobuyori then had Nijō appoint him Chancellor, under duress. Though he still had enemies at Court who encouraged the emperor to resist and to escape, overall Nobuyori's plan had succeeded.

This did not last for long, however, since Taira no Kiyomori returned, and the Minamoto were not sufficiently prepared to defend the city against him. The emperor and ex-emperor both were freed, the Minamoto defeated, and Nobuyori killed in February 1160.

Near the end of the rebellion, Fujiwara no Nobuyuri was beheaded.

title: Fujiwara no Nobuyori


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User talk:Rabbi Y Oliver

JFW | T@lk  11:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rabbi Y Oliver


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Santo Niño

Santo Niño, which means "holy child", is a Spanish title for the Christ Child (Jesus Christ as a child) and may also refer to:

Representations of Jesus

 * Santo Niño de Cebú, oldest Filipino representation of the Child Jesus
 * Santo Niño de Tondo, second-oldest Filipino representation of the Child Jesus
 * Santo Niño de Arévalo, third-oldest Filipino representation of the Child Jesus
 * Santo Niño de Tacloban, a Filipino representation of the Child Jesus that arrived in Tacloban City, Leyte in 1770
 * Santo Niño de Atocha, a Hispanic representation of the Child Jesus
 * Santissimo Gesu de Malines (Infant Jesus of Mechelen), a Dutch representation of the Child Jesus that greatly resembles the image from Cebú
 * Niño Dios of Mexico, Mexican representations of the Infant Jesus
 * Niñopa, a depiction of the Baby Jesus that is considered to be the most popular of all the Niño Dios icons in Mexico.
 * Divino Niño, a Colombian representation of the Infant Jesus
 * Santo Bambino of Aracoeli, an Italian representation of the Infant Jesus
 * Santo Niño de la Salud (Holy Infant of Good Health), a Child Jesus depiction from Morelia (Michoacán State), Mexico
 * Santo Niño Jesus de la Praga (Infant Jesus of Prague), a representation of the Child Jesus in the Czech Republic
 * Bambino Gesu of Arenzano, a Child Jesus depiction from Genoa, Italy

People other than Jesus

 * Santo Niño de La Guardia, a Christian child allegedly murdered by Jews; cult suppressed as veneration was part of blood libel
 * Saint Nino, a saint from Georgia

Mexico

 * El Santo Niño, Baja California Sur

Philippines

 * Archdiocesan Shrine of Santo Niño de Arevalo in Arevalo, Iloilo City
 * Santo Niño, Cagayan
 * Archdiocesan Shrine of the Santo Niño de Tacloban in Tacloban City, Leyte
 * Santo Niño, Samar
 * Santo Niño, South Cotabato
 * Santo Niño, Parañaque in Metro Manila
 * Santo Niño de Tondo Parish in Metro Manila
 * Basilica Minore del Santo Niño in Cebu City
 * Santo Niño de Paombong in Paombong Bulacan
 * Señor Santo Niño de Kalibo in Kalibo Aklan

title: Santo Niño


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Pan-nationalism

Pan-nationalism is a specific term, used mainly in social sciences as a designation for those forms of nationalism that aim to transcend (overcome, expand) traditional boundaries of basic or historical national identities in order to create a "higher" pan-national (all-inclusive) identity, based on various common denominators. Pan-nationalism can occur as a specific variant of all common forms of nationalism. In relation to classical state nationalism, pan-nationalism manifests itself through various political movements that advocate the formation of "higher" (pan-national) forms of political identity, based on a regional or continental grouping of national states (for examples: Pan-Americanism, Pan-Africanism, Pan-Arabism, Pan-Iranism, Pan-Turkism, Pan-Slavism). In terms of ethnic nationalism, pan-nationalism can also manifest itself through specific ethnic movements that advocate setting up "higher" (pan-national) forms of common identity that are based on ethnic grouping (for example: Pan-Germanism or Pan-Slavism). Other forms of nationalism also have their pan-national variants.

Some forms of pan-nationalism, such as Pan-Germanism, manifest themselves on two levels: wider - relating to the unity of all Germanic peoples - and narrower - relating to the unity of all ethnic Germans, also including (on either of those two levels) German-speaking Austrians and German-speaking Swiss people, many of who may not  self-identify as strictly "German", while still belonging to the wider family of contemporary Germanic peoples.

History and outcomes
Pan-nationalism emerged from the nineteenth-century European nationalism, beginning with the Pan-Slavism movement, which developed among various Slavic nations within the Austro-Hungarian and Turkish empires. At the heart of this development was Ján Kollár, who maintained that the Slavs as a fundamentally single people, sharing the same cultural heritage. This was later followed by the Pan-German thought, which assumed a somewhat similar view, with a goal of German unification where a greater Germany can be created, including Austrians and other German speakers. These pan-nationalistic movements embraced the European intellectual discourses on race particularly those about the preservation of the racial unit. This gave the concept a mantle of permanence because it called upon a biological connection that bound a "Volk" together.

Pan-nationalism implies that the national group is dispersed over several existing states. It is not identical to irredentism – nationalist claims on adjoining territories on the grounds that they form part of the national homeland. Scale is a factor here, however. Greater Albania, even in the largest version, would still be a small country. An irredentist Greater Germany, even if it is limited to contiguous German-speaking regions, would have about 100 million inhabitants. Pan-nationalism is not the same as diaspora nationalism, such as Zionism, which implies the concentration of a dispersed group on an ancestral homeland. Colonies (other than settler colonies) fall outside most definitions of a nation, since both coloniser and colonised recognise that they share no ethnicity, culture, and language.

Nationalist movements in large nations, such as the German and Russian nations, are therefore difficult to distinguish from pan-nationalist movements, and often there are explicitly pan-nationalist elements. Aside from these cases, however, most pan-nationalist movements failed. Specifically pan-national states are rare. Yugoslavia attempted to unify a category of South Slavs, the prefix "jugo" means "south". After 1945, it did recognise separate internal nations, with their own governments.

Other large states are difficult to classify as pan-national. Around 1942 Nazi Germany controlled a vast collection of annexed territories, German-administered civilian entities, puppet states, collaborationist states, and front-line areas run by the military. The conquests were partly inspired by the idea of Lebensraum, but that is not in itself a pan-nationalist concept. The Soviet Union had a Soviet identity, but no "Soviet" ethnicity, culture, or language. It was influenced by pan-Russian ideas, but also by other geopolitical ideals which implied a large territory. China has a long tradition of cultural and administrative unity. (The fact that both China and India annexed territories does not necessarily make the state pan-national in character.)

The general failure of the pan-nationalist movements is illustrated by several examples, which had a clear idea of their ideal state, but never got anywhere near achieving it. Modern Turkey is the former core area of the Ottoman Empire. The present state is closely modelled on the classic European nation state, and was a deliberate break with that empire. Beside the very strong Turkish nationalism there are three pan-nationalisms. In ascending order of scale: pan-Turkism, a sometimes distinct pan-Turkic ideology referring to the Turkic peoples, and pan-Turanism, which covers most of central Asia and even Finland and Hungary. As in Turkey, pan-nationalist movements often operate on the margin of a more limited "standard-nationalist" movement, in the existing core area of the claimed mega-state.

Pan-Slavism is another notable example of an influential ideal that never resulted in the corresponding mega-state – if Russian territory was included, it would extend from the Baltic to the Pacific (west to east) and right down to central Asia and the Caucasus/Black Sea/Mediterranean in the south.

Pan-Americanism as an ideal was influential around the time of the independence movements in Latin America. However, the new nation-states soon diverged in policy and interests, and no federation emerged. The term acquired another meaning, namely U.S.-led co-operation among the separate nation-states, with a connotation of U.S. hegemony. That is why there is a pan-Latin-Americanism which proposes inter-Americanism with the United States. An important exponent of this philosophy is Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, from Peru, while Bolivarianism represents a current variation on the theme.

Pan-Arabism favors the unification of the countries of the Arab world, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea. Unlike most traditional pan-nationalist movements in Europe, this is not based on race or ethnicity because it has been revitalised with religion at its core.

Recent developments
Thomas Hegghammer of the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment has outlined the emergence of "macro-nationalism" in the late Cold War era, which kept a low profile until the September 11 attacks. Hegghammer traces the origins of modern macro-nationalism to both the Western counter-jihad movement and Islamist terrorist organisations such as al-Qaeda. In the aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks, he described the ideologies of perpetrator Anders Behring Breivik as "not fitting the established categories of right-wing ideology, like white supremacism, ultranationalism or Christian fundamentalism", but more akin to a "doctrine of civilisational war that represents the closest thing yet to a Christian version of Al-Qaeda".

title: Pan-nationalism