text:
Wikipedia:Eras/Compromise proposal/Voting

'''Voting on this proposal is now closed. No amendments were able to obtain consensus.'''

This is a proposal to add an amendment to the Wikipedia Manual of Style regarding eras. The full explanation of the proposal can be found at Eras/Compromise_proposal. Discussion of the proposal should be done at the compromise proposal talk page. Please limit comments in the voting area below to 1 short sentence at most and do not reply to other people's comments. Remember that the manual of style is just a guide; editors are not required to follow its suggestions. This proposal is an attempt to discern what, if anything, there is consensus on regarding era designations.

Voting
Please vote for whether or not you support each sentence of the proposal (except for the 1st sentence). Each sentence which receives consensus will be added to the Manual of Style. Only registered users with a non-trivial number of edits will be counted. The voting will run from July 15 until August 1 00:00 (UTC). If only the first and fourth sentences are approved, the opening clause of the fourth sentence will be removed.

Sentence 1
The use of one era style over another can often be controversial.

(If sentence 4 is approved, this sentence will be added to the beginning of the paragraph. Do not vote on this sentence here.)

Agree

 * 1) I don't see any reason to only allow this with sentence 4.     12:36, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Seems obvious gkhan 07:55, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * So obvious that it's not actually true. The overwhelming number of articles that use any notation use BC/AD, and have always used BC/AD without any comment whatsoever. It's only on a very small percentage of them that there's been any dispute, jguk 12:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * By the sheer size of the evidence page of the arbitration case, it seems to be very true. Often does not mean a majority. gkhan 17:36, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * On the contrary - even though that dispute was very divisive and covered a number of articles, the actual number of pages for which there was any real form of dispute was a very, very small proportion of all the articles that use date notation, jguk 19:07, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Obviously this statement only applies to those articles for which there needs to be any sort of era notation. There have been bitter disputes, many involving yourself, so the statement that this can be controversial is clearly true.  siafu 19:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the word "often" that is incorrect - the debate (thankfully) has not really touched the overwhelming majority of articles, jguk 19:35, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would like to direct you to the two votes just below this one. There is obviously many people who disagree and there is not at all any consensus. These two votes encompass, respectively, all articles on clear non-christian subjects and all articles on clear christian subjects. That's a bussload of articles. The fact that a large number of people can't agree what dating these articles should use should make it perfectly clear that, yes, infact it is often contentatious. And, again, often does not mean a majority. gkhan 20:41, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Displaying the fact that "the use of one era style over another can often be controversial" implicitly suggests to the viewer that this fact is so important it needs to be displayed to everyone. This is certainly not the case here IMO. The fact that "some editors tend to misspell at least one of the words 'powerful', 'separate', or 'article', so make sure you don't" is of similar importance. Sure we don't want that in the Manual of Style, do we? :)) KissL 12:48, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Sentence 2
In articles concerning non-Christian religious topics (for example, Gautama Buddha) BCE/CE should generally be favored over BC/AD.

Agree

 * 1) Kaldari 02:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Agree. SEWilco 05:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Agree. CDThieme 21:07, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Agree. Val42 00:16, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Agree. --Coolcaesar 02:59, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Slrubenstein   |  Talk 20:35, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Strongly Agree gkhan 21:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Strongly Agree. It doesn't make any sense to say that, for example, Simon bar Kochba was born around AD ("the year of our lord") 100, since Jesus is not the "lord" of bar Kochba and probably isn't the lord of whoever's writing about him. Sure, switching from "AD" to "CE" without changing the starting point for the counting of years seems kind of silly, but it's unlikely that we're going to overhaul our calendar anytime soon. So I think that "CE" and "BCE" is the best we can do, at least when we're discussing specifically non-Christian themes. Mwalcoff 00:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Agree. The use of BCE/CE is a courtesy to readers from non-Christian cultures and religions.    Sunray 00:51, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Strongly Agree as per User:Mwalcoff and User:Sunray DES 22:57, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Strongly Agree. It's hard to believe there is even disagreement over this clearly NPOV usage. -- Visviva 15:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Agree. — Trilobite (Talk) 05:59, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Agree I'm not going to repeat what has already been said (re: Mwalcoff and Sunray). --JB Adder | Talk 05:19, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Strongly Agree --Cyberjunkie | Talk 08:09, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Agree.Dejvid 19:54, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) Agree. --Briangotts (talk) 17:39, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Agree AlbertR 22:49, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Agree. Religious articles should steer away from Christocentric terminology. -- M P er el ( talk 07:03, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Agree. Jayjg (talk) 07:04, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Disagree

 * 1) Very Strong Oppose - many people consider one style or the other violates NPOV.  Proposal violates WP:5P.  Guettarda 02:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose - defining what articles fall under the "non-Christian religious topic" rubric is bound to be divisive and ultimately fruitless, and only serves to taint those articles so designated as POV. Alanyst 03:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Very Strong Oppose - we have already had a long vote and discussion and it is clear that there is no majority for claiming NPOV violations. This vote (which has been brought forward on an already dead proposal) will merely continue the earlier divisiveness. Besides, why should US academics prescribe what everyone else in the world uses? jguk 06:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose for the reasons stated above.  -- M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 07:13, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Bam. Golbez 19:54, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose. Proteus (Talk) 20:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose with extreme predjudice. In my formative years everything was BC/AD, and I'll merrily use those terms--yes, even to describe Buddha--until my dying day. I do not recognise BCE/CE. And, as above, why should US political correctness get in the way of things? Anyway, how many people actually know AD means Anno Domini, "The Year of Our Lord [Jesus Christ]"? Very few. AD has been used for two thousand years without complaint and it's become ingrained in society to such a point where it transcends its original monastic uses, so why change it now? We MUST NOT retcon history just to be politically correct. GarrettTalk 00:51, 16 July 2005 (UTC) --another problem this wording creates is that some people will think articles like Zeus, where the descendants of the believers wouldn't give a **** about terminology, would need to be changed. But as for "generally", how do you decide which to change and which to leave the way it is, MORE polls? GarrettTalk 03:11, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) VERY STRONG OPPOSE BC is standard usage outside the US and has nothing to do with Christian prejudice. BCE/CE still measures from the same dates but fraudulently claims not to be connected to Jesus.     12:28, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Oppose. CE/BCE is just silly.  What next, change "Thursday" (which means "Day of Norse God Thor") to "Scandinavian-culture-day"?  Why should anyone be offended by quoting some other culture's dating system?  Jesus probably wasn't born on AD 1 anyway.  AD is an established convention, and that's all.  Wikipedia can't be used promote some feeble faddish attempt at political correctness, or worse, religious correctness. --A D Monroe III 15:10, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Oppose. Stewart Adcock 18:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Absolutely not. The term "Common Era" is not widely in use, or even understood, outside of academic circles in the US, and is therefore systemic bias. Radiant_ >|< 14:39, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Oppose. Absolutely agree with Ril(4~) and Radiant. What should be done is adding the dates in other calendars, not obfuscating the calendar name. --MarSch 10:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Oppose We just went through this without anything close to a consensus to accept, continuing down this road can only be divisive. Both styles are based on the same dating system, the proposed change is cosmetic and not worth the edit wars that would spring up all over en.wikipedia if this were accepted. Rx StrangeLove 03:27, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Oppose CE be it Christian Era or Common Era or Current Era distracts from the article.  It cautions the reader of bias louder than any POV tag. --ClemMcGann 09:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Oppose All my life I have called it AD and BC and that is what I studied in school. It is by far the most common way both written and spoken. Masterhatch 20 July 2005
 * 16) Oppose Definitely not; I support all arguments given by the first fifteen posters. Susvolans (pigs can fly) 10:09, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) Oppose PedanticallySpeaking 15:04, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Oppose CE/BCE is just silly. --JW1805 15:00, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 19) Oppose, BC/AD is standard English. Christopher Parham (talk) 14:56, 2005 July 26 (UTC)
 * 20) Oppose, BC/AD is widely accepted English, whereas BCE/CE are neologisms.  —thames 16:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 21) oppose. I appreciate the proposal is meaning well, but it is making things worse instead of better. dab (ᛏ) 18:01, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 22) oppose. For me, at least, BC/AD have no religious meaning at all, and there's no reason they can't be used on some articles. BCE/CE have no meaning at all; I don't believe they are well known enough to use in a medium for the general public, such as this; I didn't know these terms before I came to wikipedia. Eugene van der Pijll 23:19, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 23) Oppose In articles concerning non-Christian religious topics, the contributors can decide for themselves whether the use of BCE/CE "should be favored", without the unwitting Wikipedian like myself forcing them to do this way or that. This proposal is instruction creep, and nothing else. KissL 13:25, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 24) Oppose There is no clean separation between articles on Christian topics and on non-Christian topics, in particular there is a lot of overlap between Jewish, Christian and Muslim topics in several domains. This proposal deals with a marginal dispute and does so in an unsatisfactory manner. --- Charles Stewart 21:59, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

 * 1) Abstain Absent use of BCE/CE, I prefer instead to favor consensus.  I am not, and have not previously been involved in work on articles involving religion, so I have to abstain in favor of the consensus amongst those who are. siafu 02:39, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Final Tally
44% in favor, 56% opposed. Proposal fails.

Sentence 3
In articles concerning Jesus as a religious figure, BC/AD should be favored.

Agree

 * 1) Kaldari 02:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Agree.  Many existing Christian references use this Christ-oriented notation.  SEWilco 05:08, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Agree, due to the fact that the naming system is directly related to his life.  -- M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 07:14, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Agree. RossNixon 22:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Agree. Val42 00:16, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Agree. --Coolcaesar 02:59, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Agree simply because there is no reason to introduce the farcical BCE/CE which still measures from the same dates but fraudulently claims not to be connected to Jesus.      12:30, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Slrubenstein   |  Talk 20:35, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Agree. Of course. Sunray 00:52, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Agree but only provided sentance 2 is also included. DES 22:58, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Support. PedanticallySpeaking 15:05, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Agree. Appropriate in context. -- Visviva 15:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Agree.--JW1805 15:03, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Strongly agree per Merovingian --JB Adder | Talk 05:22, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Agree.Dejvid 19:55, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Disagree

 * 1) Very Strong Oppose - many people consider one style or the other violates NPOV.  Proposal violates WP:5P.  Guettarda 02:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose Per Guettarda, and per my previous objections to the notation. siafu 02:35, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Oppose per my reasons for opposing sentence 2, although I respectfully disagree with Guettarda that we must necessarily consider both styles as violating NPOV (since that would seem to imply that neither style belongs in Wikipedia, which would leave us with no good alternative). Alanyst 03:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose. Implies BC/AD should not be favoured elsewhere. I oppose the use of a dating system which is not understood by vast numbers of Wikipedia readers (especially outside the US, since in my country it's not even used in academic circles) in preference to one understood universally. Proteus (Talk) 20:25, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Agree.  CDThieme 21:07, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Is this a vote to agree or disagree with inclusion of sentence 3? Kaldari 23:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose as per Proteus, it makes it sound like BC/AD usage must be the exclusive domain of Christianity, which is by no means consensus here, nor will it ever be. GarrettTalk 01:00, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Using AD/BC doesn't mean "I believe in Jesus". Jesus probably wasn't born on AD 1 anyway.  This proposal implies AD/BC is a POV -- it isn't; it's a standard.  --A D Monroe III 15:20, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) instruction creep. Radiant_ >|<  14:39, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Oppose, What he said: (instruction creep). Rx StrangeLove 04:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Oppose The familiar AD/BC standard should be used.  But not because it has a connection with the Christian deity.  It should be used because it is the familiar standard convention.  It is not the function of WP to change recognised accepted standards.   --ClemMcGann 09:39, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose instruction creep Proposal seems to be directed at just a few specific articles - let involved editors decide under present guidelines --JimWae 21:38, 2005 July 23 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose. — Trilobite (Talk) 05:59, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Oppose, instruction creep. Christopher Parham (talk) 14:58, 2005 July 26 (UTC)
 * 9) oppose, as this sentence makes no sense without sentence 2, to which I just opposed :) dab (ᛏ) 18:02, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) Oppose. The article on Jesus is the one and only place in wikipedia where I feel CE/BCE could be more appropriate than AD/BC. A sentence like "Jesus was born in 4 Before Christ" does sound a bit awkward. However, as many readers will be unfamiliar with the abbreviation BCE, it should only be used here if it is explained, and I don't know if it's worth the trouble. Eugene van der Pijll 23:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Oppose In articles concerning Jesus as a religious figure, the contributors can decide for themselves whether the use of BC/AD "should be favored", without the unwitting Wikipedian forcing them to do this way or that. This proposal is instruction creep, and nothing else. KissL 13:29, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Oppose, see reasons above. --- Charles Stewart 21:59, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) oppose. BCE/CE should be universal, per above. --Briangotts (talk) 17:41, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 14) Oppose. AlbertR 22:50, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Oppose. Religious articles should steer away from Christocentric terminology. -- M P er el ( talk 07:07, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

 * 1) Of course BC/AD notation should be used here - but it's a nonsense to have a policy vote to do this. The vote stems from an assumption that certain notations are POV, an assumption that has already been rejected in a large vote. We should be thinking of our readers, not certain editors' personal preferences, and should write articles that as many people as possible understand and find informative. The Jesus article is a long, long, long way from being such an article, and concentrating on the date notation is somewhat understating the problems it already has, jguk 06:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Either way is fine by me here gkhan 21:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) --Cyberjunkie | Talk 08:11, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Final Tally
43% in favor, 57% opposed. Proposal fails.

Sentence 4
 [In all other contexts,] consensus should be built before making any changes to the existing article style.

(This sentence is bundled with sentence 1 for voting purposes. The initial clause of this sentence will only be included if either sentence 2 or sentence 3 are also approved.)

Agree

 * 1) Kaldari 02:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Agree.  I would also support this as a binding rule for all cases if there is not a clear determination made above. siafu 02:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Maurreen 03:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Alanyst 03:38, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Agree.  Deal with unknowns later.  SEWilco 05:09, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Agree, along with SEWilco's suggestion.  -- M e r o v i n g i a n  (t) (c) 07:27, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Agree.  CDThieme 21:05, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Agree. Val42 00:16, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * 9) Agree. --Coolcaesar 02:59, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 10) While I still think this vote is illegitimate, the sentance 1 has already been proven, and sentance 4 is already the basis of Wikipedia editing.  Guettarda 15:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 11) Agree. Consensus is an important value of Wikipedia. Sunray 00:55, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 12) Agree DES 22:59, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 13) Agree. Stop the pointless date style crusade. Jonathunder 21:47, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * 14) Agree. This shouldn't need to be said, but it does, given the number of people who have nothing better to do than wander Wikipedia stirring up usage controversies. -- Visviva 15:08, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 15) Agree a "stating-the-obvious" guideline, really.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 08:14, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 16) *IMO this is much more a reason to oppose: it is totally redundant. KissL 14:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 17) AgreeDejvid 19:59, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 18) Agree. Wikipedia works best when it works by consensus. Jonathunder 19:33, 2005 July 28 (UTC)
 * 19) Agree. We don't need any editors on a campaign changing articles en masse to their preferred style. -- M P er el ( talk 07:15, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Disagree

 * 1) Very Strong Oppose The wording is all wrong - and why is Sentence 1 also meant to be voted on here, but not listed here? The straightforward fact is that date notation on the vast majority of WP is not controversial - has remained constant, and is not likely to change any time soon. How can we vote to agree something which is patently untrue. Also, the emphasis on any article for anything style related should be on what style will be most appreciated by its readers. The wording implies that editors' views are paramount. Also I agree with Guettarda about the poll's failings, jguk 06:39, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. Disagree with Sentence 1 on grounds of factual inaccuracy. Proteus (Talk) 20:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Very Strong Oppose as per Jguk, wording is awful. How is this consensus to be built, by MORE polls or what? I strongly doubt you will have anyone agree. Just leave articles the way they are, unless the above proposal(s) change things. GarrettTalk 03:08, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Very strong oppose. It would just extend this poll ad infinitum.     12:32, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Heck no, people should simply stop this debate since it's not going anywhere - not restart in on whatever page it might apply. Radiant_ >|< 14:39, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose combination with 1 and wording here. Gene Nygaard 13:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose I don't think we need this, Wikipedia already works by consensus. Rx StrangeLove 04:07, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Oppose If we don't decide this debate now and here, it will go on forever. Let's come to an agreement now so we don't have to keep talking about it every time it comes up. Masterhatch 20 July 2005
 * To have an agreement people have to agree, surely. Sunray 07:50, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose PedanticallySpeaking 15:06, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose I think BCE/CE should be favored for any article except for those mentioned in sentence 3.
 * 3) Strong Oppose. This needs to be settled here. We don't need this same poll on every talk page.--JW1805 15:07, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Disagree Article creators pick the dating system sometimes for a reason, other times because it's what they are used to using. Coming to a consensus about the article's dating may completely demolish the creator's original intentions. --JB Adder | Talk 05:27, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * 5) Agree with Cyberjunkie that this is stating the obvious — and therefore oppose adding it to the Manual of Style. KissL 14:12, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 6) Oppose, agree with Radiant. Christopher Parham (talk) 16:40, 2005 July 28 (UTC)
 * 7) Oppose. I think that outside of the two subject areas in the other two votes, there are a lot of pages where there is no real controversy (for example, because the advocates of both styles don't visit those pages. And for uncontroversial issues, there is no reason why consensus should be built beforehand. See also: WP:BOLD. Eugene van der Pijll 17:11, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 8) Oppose. BCE/Ce should be universal standard.--Briangotts (talk) 17:42, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * but it isn't, do a google search on any term with BC and then BCE, to see single digit percentage for BCE. It is not a standard outside of some isolated pockets.  Even if it 'should' be - it is not.  It is not the task of WP to campaign for a change to existing accepted standards. --ClemMcGann 23:01, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Oppose. AD/BC is the almost universally accepted standard.  Oppose because we being asked to vote on a false statement  --ClemMcGann 23:01, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose. AlbertR 22:51, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Neutral

 * 1) I think this vote is illegitimate since it seeks to violate WP:5P, but in the absence of consensus as to what amounts to NPOV usage, I endorse this statement.  Guettarda 02:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Wikipedia already works by consensus, this is just instruction-creep gkhan 21:37, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) This whole thing's bollocks. We should use both, of course. It's particularly pernicious that a pro-Christian POV should tacitly be accepted in "religious" articles and not accepted in articles about non-Christian subjects. Grace Note 07:19, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow - we actually agree on something? Cool.  I think that's a first (for this issue at least).  Guettarda 14:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) well, yeah, but without sentences 2 and 3 this is the null solution anyway, and doesn't need to be stated explicitly. dab (ᛏ) 18:04, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Final Tally
50% in favor, 50% opposed. Proposal fails.


text:
Jenna Sanz-Agero

Jenna Leah Sanz-Agero (née Piccolo; born November 10, 1969) is the former lead singer of the female rock group Vixen, and a former president of Media 8. She lives and works in Los Angeles, California and served from 2017 to 2019 as Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President of Business Affairs and Operations for The H Collective, a motion picture company. Since July 2019 she serves as Director of Business, Legal Affairs and Strategic Knowledge Management at Netflix.

Before joining Media 8 in 2003, Sanz-Agero was a founding partner in the law firm Business Affairs, Inc., which provided business and legal affairs services related to the development, production, finance, and distribution of television and film projects. She previously served as Vice President of Business and Legal Affairs for MDP Worldwide, Media 8's old name.

From 2007 to 2017 she served as President of Lapin Blanc, Inc.

Sanz-Agero received her B.S. degree in Finance, summa cum laude, from Sacred Heart University and her J.D., magna cum laude, from Pepperdine University, and was admitted to the California Bar in 1995.

Previously lead singer of local Los Angeles bands including NoNo BadDog and Belladonna, Sanz-Agero was recruited by Jan Kuehnemund to join Vixen during the Voices of Metal Tour in 2001 with other 1980s bands Slaughter, Stephen Pearcy's Ratt, and Mötley Crüe lead singer Vince Neil. Sanz-Agero provided the lead vocals for the 2006 Vixen releases Extended Versions (aka Live in Sweden), released by Sony BMG in May, and studio album Live & Learn, released in December in Europe and January 2007 in the U.S. She co-wrote most of the songs for the latter album.

In a July 2011 interview, Sanz-Agero confirmed that a second album featuring the 2001 line-up was in the works and revealed the existence of a track called "I Understand" along with other new recordings and outtakes during the Live & Learn sessions. There has yet to be a proper release for these recordings due to Vixen not having a single member from that line-up anymore.

Sanz-Agero amicably left Vixen and her music career in 2013, as Jan Kuehnemund was planning to reunite the classic lineup with Janet Gardner, Share Ross, and Roxy Petrucci; however, Kuehnemund died on October 10, 2013, and was replaced by a returning Gina Stile. On January 21, 2016, Sanz-Agero appeared only for one night alongside Vixen's revamped lineup to perform with them in Anaheim, where, together, they sang "Love Is a Killer" from the band's 1990 album Rev It Up. Future Vixen frontwoman Lorraine Lewis's Femme Fatale served as the co-opening act.

She resigned as Media 8 co-President on September 8, 2006. She later served as head of business affairs and strategy consultant for Foresight Unlimited.

Sanz-Agero co-authored the dessert cookbook Sugar, Sugar: Every Recipe Has a Story (Andrews McMeel Publishing, October 2011) with Kimberly "Momma" Reiner.

Discography
Vixen
 * Live & Learn (2006)
 * Extended Versions (2006)
 * Live in Sweden (2013)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jenna Sanz-Agero


text:
User talk:Ambient-nemesis

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!-Splash 02:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
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VfD on Totally Resident Evil
I just wanted to let you know that my marking of the various votes is not intended to get rid of you, or anything. When fora are put on VfD (and they often are) we tend to get a huge influx of people from that forum supporting their article: these votes are routinely discounted — see the policy at Votes for Deletion. Additionally, such an influx usually gives the established users another reason to want the article gone. I can see that you and others are actively working on the article (and it is much better than it was!); perhaps you can change the community's mind. Don't take it wrong if the article goes, though, as there are plenty of other places in Wikipedia that you can contribute. You could start with a reading of what what it is not as well as seeing what we mean by importance, although the definitions there are necessarily a bit vague. In particular, the bar for inclusion of web fora is often set very high, just because there are so many of them and they are so easy to create and attract a couple-thousand members to. -Splash 02:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ambient-nemesis


text:
Herberton, Queensland

Herberton is a rural town and locality in the Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Herberton had a population of 895 people.

Geography
Herberton is on the Atherton Tableland in Far North Queensland. It is situated 918 m high on the Great Dividing Range south-west of Atherton. Vegetation ranges from tropical rainforest to the east, wet sclerophyll forests to the north and east and open sclerophyll forests and woodlands to the north and west.

The Atherton–Herberton Road enters from the north, and Longlands Gap–Herberton Road exits to the south.

History
The first European exploration of this area, part of the traditional land of the Dyirbal, was undertaken in 1875 by James Venture Mulligan. Mulligan was prospecting for gold, but instead found tin. The town of Herberton was established on 19 April 1880 by John Newell to exploit the tin find, and mining began on 9 May 1880. By September 1880, Herberton had a population of 300 men and 27 women. Herberton Post Office opened on 22 November 1880.

The town's name is attributed to John Newell. It is believed he named it after the Herbert River whose northern tributary (Wild River) flows through Herberton and/or after Robert George Wyndham Herbert, the first Premier of Queensland (after whom the Herbert River is named).

In July 1881, the residents of Herberton had raised £115 for the construction of a school. Herberton Provisional School opened on 12 December 1881 with 35 students in the Herberton Hall; the fee was one shilling per week for the first child of a family with an additional sixpence a week for each additional child. In October 1882 the Queensland Government reserved five acres and two roods for a state school and called for tenders to erect a state school and teacher's residence. In November 1882 the contract for the buildings was awarded to James Pasley to construct the buildings using hardwood in nine months for £2,040. In April 1883 the Queensland Government officially announced that there would be a new state school in Herberton. The actual opening date of the new state school is unclear but Thomas Peter Wood was appointed headmaster of Herberton State School from 1 January 1884, so the school was operational at that time. In 1912 the school was one of the first five schools in Queensland to receive a secondary department, commencing operations on 15 February 1912 with the arrival of the teacher Miss Ramsay B.A. who would teach two languages, English history, mathematics, and science. In 1994, a new primary school campus was established with the secondary department remaining on the original school site.

In January 1882, the Queensland Government called for tenders to construct a telegraph line to Herberton. In March 1882 they called for tenders for a post and telegraph office.

The Herberton parish of the Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown (now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns) was established in 1884. On Sunday 17 March 1889 the Bishop of Cooktown John Hutchinson blessed and opened St Patrick's Catholic church in Herberton.

Herberton Presbyterian Church was constructed in 1891, opening on 15 November 1891. In 1977 following the amalgamation of many Presbyterian churches into Uniting Church in Australia, it became the Herberton Uniting Church. On Friday 25 November 2022, the church was destroyed in a fire.

In the late 19th century, the Mulligan Highway was carved through the hills from Herberton and passed through what is now Main Street, Atherton, before continuing down to Port Douglas. This road was used by the coaches of Cobb and Co to access Western Queensland.

The tin mining in Herberton motivated the Queensland Government to build a railway line to connect Herberton to a coastal port. Three ports were considered: Port Douglas, Cairns and Geraldton (now Innisfail), all involving a crossing of the Great Dividing Range. The route from Innisfail was shortest but would go through the roughest terrain crossing the Great Dividing Range. The route from Port Douglas was the easiest to build but it would be longest. Eventually Cairns was chosen as it had the best port (and the unstable geology of the proposed Barron Gorge route was not known at that time) and the first section of the Tablelands railway from Cairns to Redlynch at the base of the range was opened on 8 October 1887. However, the railway to Herberton was not completed until 20 October 1910 by which time the tin mining boom was over. The Tablelands railway continued from Herberton to Tumoulin opening on 31 July 1911 and then to Ravenshoe opening on 11 December 1916.

St Mary's Anglican School for girls was opened in 1918 by the Sisters of the Sacred Advent. The school closed in 1965. Mount St Bernard College was established on 1 February 1921 by the Sisters of Mercy.

The Herberton branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association opened in 1925. In 1949 the branch acquired a building in William Street and named it the Janet Newell C.W.A. Memorial Hall to commemorate the late Janet Newell, a long-serving branch president. Janet Newell was the wife of John Newell and the daughter of William Jack, the founders of Herberton and of the chain of Jack & Newell stores, the first of which was the Jack & Newell General Store in Herberton. The C.W.A. hall was officially opened by two of Janet Newell's sons.

Tin mining ceased in Herberton in 1985.

The railway line from Atherton to Ravenshoe was closed in 1988 due to the World Heritage Listing of Queensland's Wet Tropics. However, the section between Herberton and Tumoulin can still be used and the Ravenshoe Steam Railway operate heritage steam train tours along the route.

The Herberton Public Library opened in 1995 with a major refurbishment in 2016.

Demographics
In the, the town of Herberton had a population of 974 people.

In the, the locality of Herberton had a population of 934 people.

In the, the locality of Herberton had a population of 855 people.

In the, the locality of Herberton had a population of 895 people.

Heritage listings
Herberton has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 38 Broadway Street: Holy Trinity Anglican Church
 * Grace Street: Jack & Newell General Store
 * 61 Grace Street (-17.3843°N, 145.3856°W): Herberton School of Arts
 * off Jacks Road: Great Northern Mine
 * 2–4 Lillian Street: Herberton Uniting Church
 * Myers Street: Herberton War Memorial

Climate
Herberton is notably drier than the area around Atherton with average rainfall for Herberton of 1154.6 mm. Herberton is the most northerly location in Australia to have recorded a temperature at or below -5 C, and also the only location in Tropical North Queensland to have done so. The average minimum temperature ranges from 10 C in winter to 18 C in summer, while maximums range from 21 to 29 C.

Industries
Several crops are grown around Herberton, and it is the location of Queensland's only tropical vineyard. Herberton is a mini salad bowl with crops including avocados, lettuce, tomatoes, maize and pumpkins. Poultry and beef industries are also present.

Herberton's public hospital and the private school, Mt Saint Bernard residential college, are other major employers in the town.

Tourism and attractions

The Herberton Mining Museum and Visitor Information Centre opened in 2005, houses mining and social history of the Herberton Mining field, archives for the local area and maintains a genealogy project recording the families of the district and their histories.

A Heritage Walk for tourists that takes in some of the old buildings and historical features of the town is a popular attraction. Historic Village Herberton is a 16-acre representation of a mining town filled with streets of buildings of the time, each one a museum in its own right with exhibits such as vintage machinery, cars and Australian antiques. It has more than 50 restored period buildings.

The Herberton Spy & Camera Museum houses antique spy cameras, a photographic gallery and photographic memorabilia with guided tours through the museum and a working photographer and photographic studio.

Most recently, a railway museum has been established by volunteers in the former Herberton railway station building. This is operated by volunteers and only open part-time.

The Tepon Equestrian Grounds just out of Herberton have recently been upgraded with a large undercover pavilion for equestrian and other sporting events such as cycling and mountain biking. Local markets are held on the 3rd Sunday of every month at the Wondecla Oval.

There are several caravan parks, hotels, motels and B&Bs located in the town.

Atherton Herberton Historic Railway The Atherton-Herberton Historic Railway Inc. (AHHR) is dedicated to the preservation and display of local railway memorabilia including the operation of a first-class Tourist and Historic rail journey. The AHHR is in the historic town of Herberton, the oldest town on the Atherton Tablelands and is situated amongst many other tourist attractions. AHHR has several attractions providing tourists and visitors from across the world with a rail journey on their unique Tinlander train which links Herberton to the multi award-winning outdoor museum, the Historic Village Herberton. Visitors are also taken back in time through a static museum and can view a multi-year restoration project where a 1905 built steam locomotive and 1910 timber railway carriage restoration are underway. This train attraction will be fully operational in 2021. The main business location consists of the original Herberton Railway Station, rebuilt after a fire in 1936 and provides an outlook over the existing railway lines, restored steam trains and carriages. In addition, several restoration sheds are used to repair trains and carriages to give them a new lease on life and provide additional displays for the museum. The organisation has commenced restoration to a very high standard of 3 kilometres of previously Queensland Rail maintained railway track back to an operational condition between Herberton Station and Historic Village Herberton. In addition, 2.5 kilometres of railway track from Platypus Park Station Atherton has been restored with ongoing vegetation and drainage work revitalising and maintaining the track towards Wongabel.

Amenities
The Tablelands Regional Council operates a Herberton Public Library and Customer Service Centre at 61 Grace Street (the Herberton School of Arts, -17.3842°N, 145.3858°W).

The Herberton branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the Janet Newell C.W.A. Memorial Hall at 14 William Street (-17.3827°N, 145.3861°W).

St Patrick's Catholic Church is at 2 Moffatt Street West (corner of Broadway Street, -17.3794°N, 145.384°W). It is within the Herberton Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns which is administered from the Atherton Parish.

Herberton Uniting Church is at 2-4 Lillian Street (-17.3821°N, 145.386°W). It is part of the North Queensland Presbytery of the Uniting Church in Australia.

Education
Herberton State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep-10) school for boys and girls at Elwyn Phillips Memorial Drive in Moomin (-17.3723°N, 145.379°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 176 students with 20 teachers (17 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (12 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program. The new primary school campus constructed in 1994 is not within Herberton but within the neighbouring locality of Moomin. However, the secondary (7-10) campus remains at the original school site in Grace Street, Herberton (-17.3805°N, 145.3825°W).

Mount St Bernard College is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at 15 Broadway Street (-17.3793°N, 145.3826°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 191 students with 34 teachers (32 full-time equivalent) and 31 non-teaching staff (26 full-time equivalent).

For government secondary education to Year 12, the nearest school is Atherton State High School in Atherton to the north-east.

Notable people
Notable people associated with Herberton include:
 * Bunny Adair, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Cook who attended Herberton State School.
 * Alice Bonar, founder of the Australian Red Cross in Herberton, now the oldest continuously operating branch in Australia. In 1914 reconvened the branch as a member of the Australian Red Cross. Eldest son David Welbourn Bonar a tunneller at Hill 60 and daughter May was a nurse in World War I.
 * Nancy Francis (1873–1954), journalist and poet known as 'Black Bonnet'. Wrote extensively on life in the Daintree area including recording indigenous culture. Wrote poetry published in North Queensland papers and The Bulletin.
 * James Douglas Henry, mining engineer, served in 4th Queensland Imperial Bushmen contingent. Member of the Mining Corps then Commanding Officer of 1st Australian Tunnellers involved in Hill 60. Retired to Tepon near Herberton and ARP warden for Wondecla area in World War II.
 * John Ledlie, one of the founders of North Queensland firm Armstrong, Ledlie and Stillman. Brought the first electric street lights outside his Herberton store. Shire Chairman of Herberton Shire Council, member of Cairns Harbour Board and Cairns Regional Electricity Board. Teamed with Robert Ringrose to establish Herberton State High School in 1912.
 * John Newell, Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Woothakata, Chairman of Herberton Shire Council, Mayor of Herberton Municipality. One of the discoverers of payable tin and the establishment of Herberton Gold and Mineral Field. Founding member of the Tinaroo Division Board.
 * Robert Ringrose, barrister, geologist, naturalist, fellow of Royal Geographical Society of Queensland who established the conservation area now known as Mount Hypipamee National Park. Worked to establish the Charters Towers School of Mines and one of the first 12 state high schools in Herberton in 1912.
 * Tom Risley, artist and sculptor. Trained as an electrician then worked in rainforest ecology in CSIRO. His work is held in New York Museum of Modern Art, gallery in Japan, pieces in National Gallery of Australia and Queensland Art Gallery, private collections and one of his largest sculptures is situated in the Gordon Gardens in the Herberton Mining Museum & Visitor Information Centre.
 * Dallas Johnson played his junior rugby league for the Magpies, the local rugby league team the town has, and Atherton Roosters. He went on to play for NRL clubs such as Melbourne Storm, NQL Cowboys and represented QLD and Australia.
 * Dallas Johnson played his junior rugby league for the Magpies, the local rugby league team the town has, and Atherton Roosters. He went on to play for NRL clubs such as Melbourne Storm, NQL Cowboys and represented QLD and Australia.
 * Dallas Johnson played his junior rugby league for the Magpies, the local rugby league team the town has, and Atherton Roosters. He went on to play for NRL clubs such as Melbourne Storm, NQL Cowboys and represented QLD and Australia.

title: Herberton, Queensland


text: User talk:213.197.251.25

title: User talk:213.197.251.25


text:
Starweb

Starweb (or StarWeb) is a closed-end, space-based, play-by-mail (PBM) game. First published by Flying Buffalo Inc. in 1975, it was the company's second PBM game after Nuclear Destruction, the game that started the PBM industry in 1970. Players today can choose a postal mail or email format. Fifteen players per game assume one of six available roles and explore and conquer planets within a universe comprising 225 worlds. The object of the game is to attain a predetermined number of points which are generated by various actions during gameplay. Multiple game variants are available. Starweb is still available for play as of 2021 through the company Rick Loomis PBM Games.

Starweb has received numerous reviews from the 1970s to the 21st century with positive and negative comments. Reviewer and game designer Timothy B. Brown stated in 1990 that "StarWeb is arguably the best-loved, most widely known play-by-mail game in history," and the editor of Flagship magazine said in 2009 that it was "one of the best turn-based games ever". The game has won awards across multiple decades from the 1980s to the 21st century. These include the 1984 Charles S. Roberts Award for Best Play-by-Mail Game, the 1997 Origins Award for Best Ongoing Play-by-Mail Game, the 2000 and 2003 Origins Awards for Best Play-by-Mail Game, and the 2006 Origins Award for Play By Mail Game of the Year.

Play-by-mail genre

Play-by-mail (PBM) games feature a number of differences from tabletop games. The typical PBM game involves many more players than an average tabletop game can support. PBM game lengths are usually longer, depending on a number of factors. Turnaround time is how long a player has to prepare and submit "orders" (moves and changes to make in the game) and the company has to process them and send back turn results. The average turnaround time in the 1980s was two weeks, but some modern PBM games are play-by-email (PBEM) with shorter turnaround times of twice per week or faster. Open ended games allow players to strengthen their positions without end, with players continually entering and leaving the game. Examples include Heroic Fantasy and Monster Island. Conversely, closed end games typically have all players starting on equal terms, with rapid, intense, player vs. player gameplay that ends when a player or group achieves some victory condition or is unopposed. Examples include Hyborian War and It's a Crime. The complexity of PBM games can range from the relatively simple to the PBM game Empyrean Challenge, once described as "the most complex game system on Earth".

Once a player has chosen a game and receives an initial game setup, gameplay begins. This generally involves players filling out order sheets for a game (see example image) and sending them to the gaming company. The company processes the turns and returns the results to the player, who completes a subsequent order sheet. Diplomacy is also frequently an important—sometimes indispensable—part of gameplay. The initial choice of a PBM game requires consideration as there is a wide array of possible roles to play, from pirates to space characters to "previously unknown creatures". Close identification with a role typically increases a player's game satisfaction.

History
Some games have long been played by mail between two players, such as chess and Go. PBM play of Diplomacy—a multiplayer game—began in 1963. The emergence of the professional PBM industry occurred less than a decade later. Rick Loomis, "generally recognized as the founder of the PBM industry", accomplished this by launching Flying Buffalo Inc. and his first PBM game, Nuclear Destruction, in 1970. Professional game moderation started in 1971 at Flying Buffalo. For approximately five years, Flying Buffalo was the single dominant company in the US PBM industry until Schubel & Son entered the field in about 1976 with the human-moderated Tribes of Crane. It was within this environment that Starweb entered the PBM field.

Publication history
In the mid-1970s, Flying Buffalo discovered significant demand for a space-based PBM game through survey. Consequently, Rick Loomis invented Starweb which Flying Buffalo released as its second PBM game. The game launched in 1975. By 1979, the company had about 360 active Starweb games. Starweb was Flying Buffalo's most popular game in 1984. The original game instructions were in a "mimeographed" manual which eventually required a second edition to address player confusion. The instructions went through multiple additional revisions over the following decade. By 1992, the company had run more than 1,100 games of Starweb.

Starweb has been featured in various gaming magazines. The Nuts & Bolts of Starweb was the first PBM magazine not published by a PBM company. Although it morphed over time, its publisher, Rick Buda, started it as a fanzine for Starweb in June 1980, especially to discuss how to play his favorite character, the Berserker. Starweb has also been reviewed in gaming magazines such as Challenge, The Space Gamer, and White Dwarf as well as PBM magazines such as Flagship and Paper Mayhem. In 1980, the game enjoyed substantial growth from advertising in science fiction magazines.

Starweb is still available for play. After the August 4, 2021 sale of Flying Buffalo Inc. to Webbed Sphere, the PBM games—which were not included in the sale—continued under a new company: Rick Loomis PBM Games. The company, run by Loomis' sisters and their PBM computer expert, continues to offer Starweb by postal mail and play-by-email (PBEM) as of August 2021 to include several variants.

Gameplay
According to reviewer Jay Reese, Starweb "is a science fiction game of stars and star fleets". Each game has fifteen players, each with one homeworld. These players compete for the 225 available worlds. Six different identities are available for play: Apostle, Artifact Collector, Berserker, Empire Builder, Merchant, and Pirate. Each character type obtains points for different actions. For example, Apostles earn five points per world controlled and one point per ten existing converts, among other methods, to gain points in a given turn. Artifacts provide points as well—the game has ninety standard and various special artifacts available during gameplay. Holding a standard artifact provides a player five points per turn while a special artifact can provide a larger number of points, such as the Treasure of Polaris at 20 points per turn. Diplomacy and player interaction is a critical aspect of gameplay, and Timothy B. Brown emphasizes that "Starweb is a game of diplomacy."

The editors of Flagship magazine provided the following as a summary of gameplay in 1983: "You are the ruler of a single planet of beings just beginning to explore a web of 225 planets linked by complex and unmapped paths. You can build ships to explore and conquer; each of your ships and planets will get a report on enemy forces at or moving past the planet, as well as a list of the neighboring worlds, thereby enabling you gradually to build up a map of the Web."

Loomis stated that in 1979 the Merchant character was winning the most, and was, at the time, "the easiest position to play, generally, and the hardest to stop, once he gets started" while an Empire Builder or Apostle would likely require a longer game to score a victory. As of 1980, player's moves were written in a precise, but complex coded format. However, according to reviewer Paul S. Person, game mechanics were simple—even simplistic for some—with a universe limited in size and "easily written" orders.

The game ends when a player reaches an unrevealed point total determined at the beginning of the game. Although this total is normally between 1,000 and 10,000 points, "[s]trategy changes radically in longer games". Graham Bucknell described a version of Starweb called "25,000 Starweb" in the Winter 1983 issue of Flagship where the game ended when a player achieved 25,000 points. In a March 1983 issue of The Space Gamer, A.D. Young stated that the average game ended on turn 22 with an average of 7,500 points. In 1980, turns took three to four weeks, allowing fifteen to twenty turns annually, causing some games to take longer than a year, as full games take about eighteen turns, according to reviewer Timothy Brown. In late 2008, the publisher stated that approximately 10,000 points was the game's goal.

Variations
Rick Loomis stated in 2014 that a "Multi" game of Starweb allows each of its five players to roleplay three different identities as one position. According to the game publisher, this is more costly, more challenging, and for advanced players. Another variation is anonymous play, which prevents player interaction. "Bitter End Starweb" is played without points, ending when "one player owns more than half of the worlds on the map". Games of this version have lasted longer than four years. A longer variant, played with points, is "Extra-long Starweb", where 50,000 versus 25,000 points won. Other variations include combinations of variables, such as "Slow Multi Anonymous Starweb". In 1980, the company offered a computer version, where custom programs could play each other (human assistance not allowed).

In the late 1970s, Flying Buffalo had additional Starweb variations. These included "Blitz Starweb" with 9-day versus 14-day order turnarounds, "Slow Starweb" with 3-week turnarounds (automatic for foreign players), "Anonymous Starweb" which prohibited diplomacy, "Bribery Starweb" which allowed players to purchase extra game items, and "California Starweb" which comprised players from the state of California. Flying Buffalo offered similar versions for New York, Chicago, and Florida. "War Against Robots" pitted empire builders and Berserkers against each other in equal numbers. Reviewer Glenn T. Wilson described a pending variant called "15-Character Solitaire" in 1985, as one-player race to 10,000 points for each of 15 characters. In 1986, Flying Buffalo attempted an All-Female version based on recommendations. In 1997, there was a "Time Travel" variant offered where players could redo their previous turn once during the game.

Reception
Starweb received various reviews in the 1970s and 1980s after publication. Jay Reese reviewed the game in an April 1977 issue of The Space Gamer and concluded that, "If you can get past the early errors and discouragement, you will find that Starweb can be a fascinating game." Chris Harvey reviewed the game for White Dwarf in its June–July 1980 issue, stating that, "if you like what you've read, then save up your pennies, cross those empty evenings off your diary and jump into the new hobby of CM PBM." Also in July 1980, Paul S. Person provided a review in The Space Gamer, commenting that "Starweb is a smoothly-run game ... which emphasizes diplomacy at the expense of detail. It is recommended for those who like galactic empire themes and who would like a game with lots of hidden intelligence." In the April 1983 edition of Dragon, Michael Gray stated, "This is Flying Buffalo's science fiction play-by-mail game of conquest, trade, exploration and diplomacy. And it's nothing short of a masterpiece!" In a 1987 issue of White Wolf, reviewer Stewart Wieck stated that "Starweb is a superior PBM game," ranking it a 9 out of a possible 10.

Reviewers continued commenting on Starweb in the 1990s. In a 1990 issue of Challenge magazine, Timothy B. Brown stated that, with over 1,000 games run, "StarWeb is arguably the best-loved, most widely known play-by-mail game in history", and—while noting that aspects of the point system could be a drawback—recommended it as an enjoyable game. In 1999, Pyramid magazine named Starweb as one of the Millennium's Best Games. Editor Scott Haring said "Starweb is the king of [PBM games] – the industry's most popular and longest running. ... Beautifully balanced, with a design so well-polished it gleams." In a 2009 issue of Flagship magazine, its editor Carol Mulholland called Starweb "one of the best turn-based games ever".

Starweb has been recognized and won various awards over multiple decades. These include the first PBM game listed in Games magazine's "Games 100" in 1981, "Best Science Fiction PBM Game" by the PBM Association in 1985, and best game in the Game Manufacturer's Association (GAMA) PBM category in 1985. Starweb also won the 1984 Charles S. Roberts Award for Best Play-by-Mail Game, the 1997 Origins Award for Best Ongoing Play-by-Mail Game, the 2000 and 2003 Origins Awards for Best Play-by-Mail Game, and the 2007 Origins Award for Play By Mail Game of the Year.

Reviews

 * 1981 Games 100 in Games
 * 1982 Games 100 in Games

title: Starweb


text:
User:Schrei/DS9

I wrote a lot of this stuff while bedridden because of surgery-related complications. Like everyone else, I always thought Star Trek was nerdy, but I got bored and watched it one day, and I got hooked. Stuff I've done since then:

 * Template:DS9 navigation - Created this & applied it to all the summary pages for seasons 1 & 2
 * Category:Star Trek: DS9 images - Rounded up all the existing images & put them here
 * Added season 1-7 images to list page

Summary pages (wrote them mostly during the commercial breaks):
 * A Man Alone (DS9 episode)
 * Q-Less (DS9 episode)
 * The Nagus (DS9 episode)
 * Vortex (DS9 episode)
 * Battle Lines (DS9 episode)
 * The Storyteller (DS9 episode)
 * Progress (DS9 episode)
 * If Wishes Were Horses (DS9 episode)
 * The Forsaken (DS9 episode)
 * Duet (DS9 episode)
 * The Homecoming (DS9 episode)
 * The Circle (DS9 episode)
 * The Siege (DS9 episode)
 * Invasive Procedures (DS9 episode)
 * Cardassians (DS9 episode)*
 * Rules of Acquisition (DS9 episode)*
 * Necessary Evil (DS9 episode)
 * The Alternate (DS9 episode)
 * Armageddon Game (DS9 episode)
 * Shadowplay (DS9 episode)
 * The Wire (DS9 episode)

* Pages someone else created where I wrote/redid the summary

See also my MA profile

title: User:Schrei/DS9


text: User talk:212.0.138.94

title: User talk:212.0.138.94


text:
List of properties of sets of reals

This article lists some properties of sets of real numbers. The general study of these concepts forms descriptive set theory, which has a rather different emphasis from general topology.

Definability properties

 * Borel set
 * Analytic set
 * C-measurable set
 * Projective set
 * Inductive set
 * Infinity-Borel set
 * Suslin set
 * Homogeneously Suslin set
 * Weakly homogeneously Suslin set
 * Set of uniqueness

Regularity properties

 * Property of Baire
 * Lebesgue measurable
 * Universally measurable set
 * Perfect set property
 * Universally Baire set

Largeness and smallness properties

 * Meager set
 * Comeager set - A comeager set is one whose complement is meager.
 * Null set
 * Conull set
 * Dense set
 * Nowhere dense set

title: List of properties of sets of reals


text: User talk:168.172.128.94

title: User talk:168.172.128.94


text:
Citizen Watch

Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. (シチズン時計株式会社) is an electronics company primarily known for its watches and is the core company of a Japanese global corporate group based in Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan. In addition to Citizen brand watches, it is the parent of American watch company Bulova, and is also known for manufacturing small electronic devices such as calculators.

History
The company was founded in 1930 by Japanese and Swiss investors. It took over Shokosha Watch Research Institute (founded in 1918) and some facilities of the assembly plant opened in Yokohama in 1912 by the Swiss watchmaker Rodolphe Schmid.

The brand Citizen was first registered in Switzerland by Schmid in 1918 for watches he sold in Japan. The development of this brand was supported in the 1920s by Count Gotō Shinpei with his hope that watches could become affordable to the general public. The growth of Citizen until World War II relied on technology transfer from Switzerland.

Atomic timekeeping
Citizen launched the world's first multi-band atomic timekeeping watch in 1993 and has remained a pioneer of this field. Synchronized to atomic clocks, these watches are accurate to within one second in one hundred thousand years.

The Skyhawk A-T line features radio-controlled timekeeping. The watches can synchronize with radio clocks in Japan, North America, and Europe, automatically selecting the correct frequency by location. The watch actually tracks two time zones—home and world—but synchronizes to the 'home' zone. When traveling, the user may swap the 'home' and 'world' zones, thereby enabling proper time signal reception on a different continent while retaining the other time. The day, date, and daylight saving time settings are set automatically when the watch is synchronized. These features are comparable to the synchronization with atomic clocks found in Casio Wave Ceptor watches.

The Perpetual Chrono A-T synchronizes with the atomic clocks in Colorado or Germany, depending on signal strength and location, and incorporates Eco-Drive technology, so it does not require replacement batteries.

Bulova Precisionist movement
In 2010, Miyota (Citizen Watch) of Japan introduced a newly developed movement that uses a three-prong quartz crystal torsional resonator, with eight times the vibration frequency of a traditional quartz watch, for the Precisionist or Accutron II line, a new type of quartz watch which is claimed to be accurate to +/− 10 seconds a year and has a smooth sweeping second hand rather than one that jumps each second.

Chronomaster
Accurate to within five seconds per year, the Chronomaster line is unofficially the most accurate quartz-crystal watch ever made. They are currently sold only in the Japanese domestic market but can be obtained internationally if ordered online.

Contemporary watches
Citizen also produces the Independent Watches line, featuring a more modern, contemporary design than the traditional Citizen label. Depending on the market, these watches may be labelled "Secret", "Lighthouse" brands among others.

DCP clasp
The deployant clasp with a Push Button (DCP) is a clasp available for many Citizen watch bracelet bands. The clasp, as with the Calibre 8700, is also used with leather bands as if they were metal bracelet-style watchbands; however, when the clasp is fastened, the band appears to be a normal eye-hole and link pin leather watchband.

Diving watches (including the Fugu)

In 1959, Citizen launched the Parawater – Japan's first fully-waterproof wristwatch. It became the forerunner to Citizen's range of dive watches, subsequently (1982) called the Promaster Marine range. Also in 1982, Citizen launched the 1300m Professional Diver's watch – the world's most pressure-resistant wristwatch at the time.

But it was perhaps the Fugu that became Citizen's most iconic diver. With its launch in 1989, fans nicknamed it the Fugu, after the Japanese pufferfish. The watch's bezel has alternating smooth and serrated edges to provide a positive grip in wet conditions, with the shape inspired by the pufferfish. Citizen eventually adopted Fugu as the watch's official name, even engraving some models' casebacks with a pufferfish logo. And in 1993, the Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei adopted the Fugu NY004 for official use. All Fugu models are certified to the ISO 6425 standard for reliability underwater, resistance to shocks and magnetism, water-tightness and thermal-shock resistance. The original Fugu series (NY004, NY008 and NY009) were criticised for their bezel action and lack of sapphire crystal. These issues were ultimately addressed by the NY011 series (launched in 2020). With a Miyota 8203 movement, Fugu automatic watches can be hand-wound – a significant advantage over their original competitor (Seiko's now discontinued SKX).

Among the world's ISO-certified watches for professional diving, the Fugu remains the mechanical watch in continuous production for the longest.

Eco-Drive
Eco-Drive watches use a battery recharged by a solar panel hidden under the watch face. In the rare and discontinued Eco-Drive Duo series, the solar power was supplemented by an automatic quartz power source. One early model, called the Citizen Vitality, used the watch hands to drive a small electric generator, but was discontinued following complaints that the device could explode and cause wrist injuries. There was also an Eco-Drive Thermo model that exploited temperature differentials between the wearer's skin temperature and ambient temperature to recharge the battery. However, the only Eco-Drive system described on the Citizen Watch official website is the one depending solely on light to recharge. Features similar to the Eco-Drive have been developed by other manufacturers like Casio and Junghans. All Citizen Eco-Drive movements are made in Japan but the case or the bracelet may also be made in China.

Noblia
In 1985 the Zen Noblia Ultra Slim watch was introduced as a model by Citizen. From 1986 to 1997 Citizen offered watches under the Noblia brand. These were in the high-priced segment and combined a traditional-classical design with modern quartz movements. Noblia was an outfitter and sponsor of the Louis Vuitton Cup and the Star North American Championship. Noblia was discontinued in 1997 after releasing a collection of ceramic clocks.

Q&Q SmileSolar
Q&Q SmileSolar is a line of solar powered watches, which do not require a battery change. They are made of recycled materials and have a water resistant rating of 10 Bar. The line of watches also supports people by making a donation for each watch purchased.

Other products
Citizen also manufactures calculators and small electronic organizers. Some non-watch devices such as handheld televisions and computer printers, have been marketed under the Citizen brand name.

In the 1980s, a number of handheld electronic games were sold under the Q&Q brand.

In the early-mid 1990s, Citizen partnered with Compaq Computer Corporation to build notebook computers in Japan for the Japan and Far Eastern market to be sold under the Compaq name.

On January 10, 2008, Citizen bought the Bulova Watch Company for $250 million, making The Citizen Group the world's largest watchmaker.

In 2016, Citizen acquired the Swiss Frédérique Constant Group.

Corporate divisions

 * Japan CBM Corporation – Sales of timepieces, including the Q&Q brand.
 * Citizen Systems Japan Co., Ltd. – Sales of business and consumer electronic devices including calculators.
 * Citizen Miyota Co., Ltd. – Production of wristwatches, quartz crystal oscillators, electronic viewfinders, LCD back-light units, CCD/CMOS image sensors, ferroelectric micro LCDs, LCoS, high-density mounting equipment.
 * Citizen Fine Tech Co., Ltd. – Manufacturing and sales of electronic components (ceramic parts, quartz crystal oscillator chips, etc.).
 * Citizen Seimitsu Co., Ltd. – Manufacturing of watch movements, watch face components, automotive components, LCD cells, mini printers, measuring instruments, lubrication units, secondary machining LC lathes and glass scribers.
 * Citizen Watch Company of America
 * Vagary watches
 * Bulova Watch Company
 * Alpina and Ateliers deMonaco
 * Frédérique Constant
 * Campanola
 * La Joux-Perret
 * Arnold & Son

Sponsorships

 * Official timekeeper and official watch of the US Open tennis championships, from 1993 until 2017.
 * ISU – World Figure Skating Championships
 * Official timekeeping partner of Manchester United F.C.
 * Official partner of the Toronto Maple Leafs: during Leafs games at Scotiabank Arena, the scoreboard clock features Citizen branding.
 * Official timekeeper of Walt Disney World, Disneyland Resort, Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland, and Shanghai Disney Resort

title: Citizen Watch


text:
M7 motorway

M7 motorway may refer to:

 * M7 motorway (Ireland), a motorway in Ireland
 * M7 motorway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
 * M-7 motorway (Pakistan), a motorway in Pakistan
 * M7 highway (Russia), a highway in Russia, also known as the Volga Highway
 * Westlink M7, a motorway in Australia

title: M7 motorway


text:
Industrial Party

Industrial Party may refer to:

 * Prompartiya ("Industrial Party"), an allegedly anti-Soviet organization during the Industrial Party Affair.
 * Industrial Party (China), a term refers to a group of Chinese thinkers and Chinese people who support scientific thinking, advanced technology, techno-nationalism and economic growth, but reject liberalism, universal values and free market. Also a fan culture.

title: Industrial Party


text:
October 1933

The following events occurred in October 1933:

October 1, 1933 (Sunday)

 * Thirty-three people were killed in the capsizing of the Japanese sightseeing boat Koun Maru off of the coast of the Kumamoto Prefecture.
 * At the recommendation of the Nazi government, all patriotic Germans were expected to set aside the first Sunday of each month as an Eintopfsonntag (literally, a "one-pot Sunday"), with families to have a simple meal rather than a more expensive Sunday meal, and to contribute the difference to the Winterhilfswerk fund.
 * Died: Te Rata Mahuta, 56, King of the Māori people in New Zealand since 1912

October 2, 1933 (Monday)

 * The Eugene O'Neill play Ah, Wilderness! was performed for the first time. O'Neill's only comedy, the play has "proved to be enduring and revivable especially in university and community theaters".
 * Born: John Bertrand Gurdon; British biologist, in Dippenhall, Hampshire

October 3, 1933 (Tuesday)

 * A failed assassination attempt against Engelbert Dollfuss seriously injured him.
 * A fire in Griffith Park in Los Angeles trapped more than 50 people employed by a Los Angeles County relief project.
 * Cuban President Ramón Grau narrowly escaped assassination.
 * Died:
 * Abdolhossein Teymourtash, 50, recently jailed Court Minister of Iran, died from a lethal injection while imprisoned.
 * Young Stribling, 30, American heavyweight boxer, died two days after being fatally injured in an auto accident.

October 4, 1933 (Wednesday)

 * The Schriftleitergesetz (Editorial Control Law) took effect in Germany, placing the press under the control of the government. All newspaper and magazine editors had to be members of the new "Reich League of the German Press", which banned non-Aryans as well as people married to non-Aryans.

October 5, 1933 (Thursday)

 * A group of 1,000 delegates to the annual British Labour Party congress in Hastings opened their session with a moment of silence in memory of fellow workers in Germany who had lost their lives to Nazi oppression. The conference then unanimously passed two resolutions, one condemning Fascism and the other pledging to boycott goods manufactured in Germany as well as calling upon the League of Nations to protect Jews and other racial minorities in Germany.
 * Born: Billy Lee Riley, American country musician; in Pocahontas, Arkansas (d. 2009)
 * Died:
 * Nikolai Yudenich, 71, former Russian general who led the Menshevik "White Army" against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War
 * Renée Adorée (Jeanne de la Fonte), 35, French film actress, died of tuberculosis
 * Harry G. Cooper, 69, a/k/a "Railroad Jack", college graduate turned hobo.

October 6, 1933 (Friday)

 * UK Lord President of the Council Stanley Baldwin made a key speech on the subject of disarmament to a meeting of the Conservative Party in Birmingham. Baldwin spoke of the need for a disarmament convention, explaining, "I mean a limitation of armaments, a real limitation, such a one that if we, by the many gestures we have made of disarmament, find ourselves on some lower rating than the figures in such a convention, and some other country has higher figures, that country has to come down and we go up until we meet. No other form of convention would be negotiated by the Government; no other form of convention is in contemplation ... I would only add this: If that convention be signed, the nation that breaks it will have no friend in this civilised world."
 * The Prussian Ministry of Justice issued a memorandum advocating euthanasia for persons afflicted with incurable diseases, under three conditions: the afflicted person demand that his misery be ended, two official doctors must certify that the person have an incurable ailment, and that a qualified physician administer the fatal drug.
 * The musical romantic comedy film I'm No Angel starring Mae West was released.
 * Died: Wallace Rider Farrington, 62, Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1921 to 1929

October 7, 1933 (Saturday)

 * Air France was formed by the merger of five French airline companies – Air Orient, Air Union, Compagnie Générale Aéropostale, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne (CIDNA) and Société Générale des Transports Aériens (SGTA) – beginning operations with 250 planes.
 * The New York Giants won the 1933 World Series. Victory came in the fifth game, which went into extra innings before the Giants beat the Washington Senators, 4-3

October 8, 1933 (Sunday)

 * Diego Martínez Barrio became the new Prime Minister of Spain after being appointed by President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora.
 * Korokī Mahuta was crowned as the fifth King of the Māori people in New Zealand, seven days after the death of his father, Te Rata Mahuta. He would be recognized by the New Zealand government as the chief spokesman for the nation's Māori population until his death on May 23, 1966.
 * Born: James A. Corbett, American human rights activist and co-founder of the Sanctuary Movement in 1980; in Casper, Wyoming (d. 2001)

October 9, 1933 (Monday)

 * Spanish President Zamora dissolved the Cortes Generales and called new elections for November 19.
 * Born:
 * Peter Mansfield, British physicist, and 2003 recipient of the Nobel Prize for his development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); in Lambeth, County of London (d. 2017)
 * Joan Berger, American female professional baseball player and AAGPBL Rookie of the Year in 1952; in Passaic, New Jersey (d. 2021)
 * Died: Gus Winkler, 32, American gangster for Al Capone and Frank Nitti, was shot to death on Nitti's orders after being seen visiting an FBI office

October 10, 1933 (Tuesday)

 * All four passengers and three crew were killed by the bombing of a United Airlines Boeing 247 in the first proven case of air sabotage in commercial airline history. The plane was flying from Cleveland to Chicago and was at 1,000 feet altitude in a rainstorm when it exploded in flames near Chesterton, Indiana.  Investigators would conclude that the blast had been caused by a timer and nitroglycerine that had been hidden in a package put on the plane during an earlier stop at Newark, New Jersey and the perpetrator would never be identified.
 * The "Anti-war Treaty of Non-aggression and Conciliation", commonly called the "Saavedra Lamas Pact" because it was written by Argentina's foreign minister, Carlos Saavedra Lamas, was signed in Rio de Janeiro by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay. Eventually it would be signed by eleven  European nations as well.
 * Born: Jay Sebring, American celebrity hairstylist; as Thomas John Kummer in Birmingham, Alabama (murdered by the Manson Family, 1969)

October 11, 1933 (Wednesday)

 * The United States, United Kingdom and France agreed at Geneva that Germany's request for expansion of defensive armament should not be granted.
 * The "International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age" was signed in Geneva. It would enter into force on August 24, 1934 and be superseded by another convention on March 21, 1950.

October 12, 1933 (Thursday)

 * Three members of John Dillinger's gang— Harry Pierpont, Russell Clark and Charles Makley— invaded the city jail in Lima, Ohio and freed him, killing Sheriff Jesse Sarber in the process.
 * U.S. Attorney General Homer Cummings announced that the Department of Justice would acquire the U.S. Army Disciplinary Barracks on California's Alcatraz Island, for the construction of the most secure federal penitentiary up to that time.    Cummings told reporters, "Here may be isolated the criminals of the vicious and irredeemable type, so that their evil influence may not be extended to other prisoners who are disposed to rehabilitate themselves."  Transfer took place the next day. The first inmates would arrive at Alcatraz Island in 1934.

October 13, 1933 (Friday)

 * Thirty workers were killed in the explosion of a fireworks factory at Visakhapatnam in India.
 * President Roosevelt gave the FBI principal jurisdiction over the Lindbergh kidnapping case, 19 months after the March 1, 1932 disappearance of Charles Lindbergh Jr.
 * The romantic comedy-drama film Bombshell starring Jean Harlow and Lee Tracy was released.

October 14, 1933 (Saturday)

 * Germany announced that it would withdraw from the League of Nations, after the three Allied Powers of World War I (France, the U.K. and the U.S.) denied its request to increase its military.

October 15, 1933 (Sunday)

 * Esquire, which billed itself as "the magazine for men", published its first issue, with 100,000 copies that sold out quickly, despite the high cover price of fifty cents.
 * The cornerstone for the future Haus der Deutschen Kunst (literally the "House of German Art"), was laid in Munich by Adolf Hitler on a special "German Art Day". Hitler's aide Albert Speer would later recount that the building's architect Paul Troost, had designed a ceremonial silver hammer for the event, but that the hammer broke while Hitler was using it.  Troost would die four months later, and Hitler would tell Speer, "When that hammer shattered I knew at once it was an evil omen.  Something is going to happen, I thought.  Now we know why the hammer broke.  The architect was destined to die."
 * The Philadelphia Eagles played their first regular season NFL game, more than a month after the other teams had begun play, losing to the Giants at New York, 56-0.
 * Died: Nitobe Inazō, 71, Japanese diplomat and Christian

October 16, 1933 (Monday)

 * In parliamentary elections for Norway's Storting, the Arbeiderpartiet gained 22 seats to win a plurality (69 of 150 seats) but was still six short of a majority.
 * In the USA the Commodity Credit Corporation was established by Executive Order 6340 in order to make loans to farmers in return for their delivery of their crops to a warehouse or grain elevator for use as collateral.
 * Union County Junior College, the first community college in New Jersey, began classes.

October 17, 1933 (Tuesday)

 * Albert Einstein arrived in the United States, on board the ocean liner Westmoreland as a refugee from Nazi Germany, and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey.
 * The weekly newspaper Negro World, which had been founded 15 years earlier by Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, ceased publication.
 * Born:
 * Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun and singer, who attained fame in 1963 as Soeur Sourire, "The Singing Nun", for her #1 hit, "Dominique"; in Brussels (d. 1985)
 * William Anders, American astronaut on Apollo 8 and one of the first three men to orbit the Moon; in Hong Kong.

October 18, 1933 (Wednesday)

 * The Grumman F2F fighter airplane was given its first flight, piloted by Jimmy Collins.
 * The last lynching in Maryland took place in the town of Princess Anne. George Armwood had been arrested two days earlier and charged with the rape of an 81-year-old woman.   A mob of more than 1,000 people surrounded the Somerset County Jail, dragged him through the streets, hanged him, then brought the body back to the courthouse where it was hung from a telephone pole and burned.

October 19, 1933 (Thursday)

 * William C. Bullitt and Henry Morgenthau Jr. were sent by U.S. President Roosevelt to speak informally with Soviet trade representative Boris Skvirskii about the prospect of establishing diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
 * La Societe Besnier, a predecessor of Lactalis, a dairy product brand based in France and Europe, was founded.
 * Died: Moses Orimolade, 55, Nigerian Yoruban religious leader who founded the Order of the Cherubim and Seraphim.

October 20, 1933 (Friday)

 * A storm on Japan's Oguri Island left 379 fishermen missing.
 * Born: William Eteki Mboumoua, Cameroonian diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) from 1974 to 1978; in Douala (d. 2016)

October 21, 1933 (Saturday)

 * Jaan Tõnisson resigned his leadership as the Riigivanem (State Elder) of Estonia, and was succeeded by Konstantin Päts.
 * Let 'Em Eat Cake, a musical by George and Ira Gershwin that was a sequel to the successful Of Thee I Sing, premiered on Broadway, and proved to be a failure, running 89 performances.

October 22, 1933 (Sunday)

 * Voters in Iceland overwhelmingly approved the repeal of a 1915 law that had prohibited the sale of alcohol. In 1922, the law had been modified to grant an exception to wines imported from Spain.

October 23, 1933 (Monday)

 * In his first bank robbery since escaping from jail and then raiding police stations for guns and bulletproof vests, John Dillinger and his gang robbed the Central National Bank in Greencastle, Indiana, taking $75,000. On the same day, Baby Face Nelson and his gang robbed the First National Bank of Brainerd, Minnesota, of $32,000.

October 24, 1933 (Tuesday)

 * Édouard Daladier resigned as Prime Minister of France after the Socialist deputies in Parliament failed to support his plans for increased taxes and decreased government spending. After both Albert Sarraut and Camille Chautemps served for one month and two months respectively, Daladier became Prime Minister again on January 29, 1934.
 * Thirty people were killed in France, and 32 injured, when the Cherbourg to Paris express derailed while rounding a sharp curve near Évreux and sent three passenger cars into the Rouloir River.
 * Born:
 * Reginald Kray (d. 2000) and Ronald Kray (d. 1995), English gangsters known as the Kray Twins, in Hoxton, County of London
 * Norman Rush, American novelist, in Oakland, California
 * Died: Lucy Craft Laney, 79, African-American educator

October 25, 1933 (Wednesday)

 * U.S. President Roosevelt reversed economic policy and began a program of buying gold at higher than the existing rate of $20.67 per ounce.
 * What one author has described as "radio's first romantic adventure", Dangerous Paradise premiered on the NBC Blue Network (later renamed the ABC Radio Network).

October 26, 1933 (Thursday)

 * After the Dillinger gang continued its string of robberies in Indiana, Governor Paul V. McNutt took the unusual response of calling out the Indiana National Guard to stop the criminals. The gang then fled to Chicago.

October 27, 1933 (Friday)

 * Charles Edward Washington, scheduled to be put to death in the electric chair in the District of Columbia jail, was given a two-day reprieve while awaiting death for the murder of a D.C. policeman. His partner, William Robinson, was already in the chair when the call from President Roosevelt came, and was executed as scheduled.  After the two days expired, Washington was 2 hours and 20 minutes away from another execution on October 30, when he received another reprieve.
 * Grady Brooks was executed in Milledgeville, Georgia, for the murder of prison guard Lee Lindsay. Before going to the electric chair, the 19-year-old African-American confessed to 18 other murders, five of them when he was a 13-year-old child.
 * Miss Grace Fryer became the 18th employee of an Orange, New Jersey, watch factory to die of radium poisoning. Miss Fryer had developed the disease almost twenty years earlier, and had painted watch faces with radium so that they would glow.  As with the other workers, she moistened the paint brushes with her lips and ingested the carcinogenic element.
 * Died: Ramon Casanelles, Spanish anarchist who assassinated Prime Minister Dato, was killed in a motorcycle accident.

October 28, 1933 (Saturday)

 * Stadio Mussolini was formally dedicated in Turin during events marking the 11th anniversary of the March on Rome. The venue was renamed after World War II and is known today as Stadio Olimpico di Torino.
 * Died: E. H. Sothern, 72, American stage actor who was half of the team, with his wife Julia Marlowe, of "Sothern and Marlowe"

October 29, 1933 (Sunday)

 * In US the Amalgamated Broadcasting System, a radio network founded by Ed Wynn in September to compete against NBC, CBS and Mutual, broadcast its final program and then went off of the air permanently.
 * Died: Paul Painlevé, 69, French mathematician who served as caretaker Prime Minister of France during the years 1917 and 1925

October 30, 1933 (Monday)

 * The Falange Española, a Spanish fascist political party, was founded by José Antonio Primo de Rivera with an organizational meeting at the Teatro de la Comedia in Madrid. After the success of the Phalangists in the Spanish Civil War, Primo de Rivera's successor, Francisco Franco, would rule Spain for almost 40 years.
 * The Romance of Helen Trent premiered on the CBS Radio Network and began a run of almost 27 years and 7,222 episodes. The daytime soap opera would continue until June 24, 1960.
 * Born: Wallace D. Muhammad, Black Muslim leader who changed church policy after succeeding his father, Elijah Muhammad; in Hamtramck, Michigan (d. 2008)

October 31, 1933 (Tuesday)

 * Samuel Insull, former utilities magnate who had fled the United States to avoid charges of swindling investors, was successful in avoiding extradition from Greece.

title: October 1933