text:
86th Street station (BMT Fourth Avenue Line)

The 86th Street station is a station on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at 86th Street and Fourth Avenue in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. It is served by the R train at all times.

The 86th Street station was constructed as part of the Fourth Avenue Line. Though it was originally planned to be a four-track express station with two island platforms, only the western platform and tracks were ultimately built. Construction on the segment of the line that includes 86th Street started in 1913, and was completed in 1915. The station opened on January 15, 1916, as part of an extension of the BMT Fourth Avenue Line from 59th Street to 86th Street. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1926–1927, and it was renovated in the 1970s and again in the late 2000s. The 86th Street station was renovated between 2018 and 2020, and elevators were added to make the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

The 86th Street station serves as a bus hub and terminal for several New York City Transit bus routes.

Construction and opening
The 86th Street station was constructed as part of the Fourth Avenue Line. The plan for the line was initially adopted on June 1, 1905, before being approved by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York on June 18, 1906, after the Rapid Transit Commission was unable to get the necessary consents of property owners along the planned route. The Rapid Transit Commission was succeeded by the New York State Public Service Commission (PSC) on July 1, 1907, and the PSC approved the plan for the line in October and November 1907.

As part of negotiations between New York City and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT), and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company for the expansion of the city's transit network, the line was leased to a subsidiary of the BRT. The agreement, known as Contract 4 of the Dual Contracts, was signed on March 19, 1913. In 1912, during the Dual System negotiations, the construction of an extension of the Fourth Avenue subway from 43rd Street to 89th Street, just south of the 86th Street station, was recommended. This recommendation was approved by the Board of Estimate on February 15, 1912. The PSC directed its chief engineer to create plans on June 14, 1912. The two contracts for the extension, Route 11B, were awarded on September 16, 1912, to the Degnon Construction Company for a combined $3.8 million (equivalent to $ million in ).

On January 24, 1913, construction began on Route 11B2, which includes this station and extends between 61st Street and 89th Street. Construction was completed on this section in 1915. 86th Street opened on January 15, 1916, as part of an extension of the BMT Fourth Avenue Line from 59th Street to 86th Street. The station was the original terminal for the line until a one-stop southward extension to Bay Ridge–95th Street opened on October 25, 1925.

1920s
On June 27, 1922, the New York State Transit Commission commissioned its engineers to examine platform-lengthening plans for 23 stations on the lines of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), the successor to the BRT, to accommodate eight-car trains. As part of the project, Bay Ridge Avenue's platforms would have been lengthened from 495 feet to 530 feet. Progress on the extensions did not occur until February 16, 1925, when the New York City Board of Transportation (NYCBOT) commissioned its engineers to examine platform-lengthening plans for this and eleven other stations along the Fourth Avenue Line. It estimated the project would cost $633,000. The BMT had been ordered by the Transit Commission to lengthen these platforms since September 1923. The NYCBOT received bids for the project on February 25, 1926. The contract was awarded to the Corson Construction Company for $345,021. The extensions opened on August 1, 1927.

1960s
The city government took over the BMT's operations on June 1, 1940. In the 1960s, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) started a project to lengthen station platforms on its lines in Southern Brooklyn to 615 feet to accommodate 10-car trains. On July 14, 1967, the NYCTA awarded a contract to conduct test borings at eleven stations on the Fourth Avenue Line, including Bay Ridge Avenue, to the W. M. Walsh Corporation for $6,585 in preparation of the construction of platform extensions. The NYCTA issued an invitation for bids on the project to extend the platforms at stations along the Fourth Avenue Line between 45th Street station and Bay Ridge–95th Street, including this station, on May 3, 1968.

However, work had already started on the platform extension project in February 1968. As part of the renovation project, the station's platform were extended 85 feet to the south, and the station's elaborate mosaic tile walls were removed. The latter change, which was also made to 15 other stations on the BMT Broadway and Fourth Avenue Line, was criticized for being dehumanizing. The NYCTA spokesman stated that the old tiles were in poor condition. Furthermore, it did not consider the old mosaics to have "any great artistic merit".

2010s
In 2007, then-13th District Congressman Vito Fossella and 22nd District State Senator Marty Golden secured funding for an $13.8 million renovation, completed in 2011. The renovation repaired staircases, rebuilt the station's ventilation, and installed new tiling for walls and floors as well as ADA-compliant yellow safety treads along the platform edges. The platform walls were originally tiled, but removed during renovations in 1970. The modern renovation restored these tiles, and added an Arts for Transit glass mosaic inspired by the old homes of the Bay Ridge neighborhood. As part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s 2010–2014 Capital Program, funding was provided for a 25-station renewal program, which focused on renovating stations with a high concentration of components rated 3.5 or worse on a five-point scale, with 5 being the highest. 33% of components at this station were found to rate 3.5 or worse. In the 2010–2014 MTA Capital Program, funding was provided to design renovations to the station to make it fully compliant with accessibility guidelines under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 as it was selected as the New York City Transportation Disabled Committee requested that the station substitute the 95th Street station as one of the 100 Key Stations required to be made ADA-accessible. Funding for the construction of the project was provided in the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program.

As part of the project, two elevators were added, one from the mezzanine to the platform and the other from the mezzanine to the street at the southeastern corner of 86th Street and Fourth Avenue. It was decided not to place the elevator at the station's 85th Street entrance since that entrance was not at the proper depth, and since that entrance was not staffed. To provide adequate space for the sidewalk elevator, to allow for a widened staircase, and to work around sewers underneath the sidewalk, a sidewalk bulb-out was installed. The bulb-out also allows buses to stop without having to pull in and out of traffic. The decision to remove a lane from Fourth Avenue for the construction of the elevator was criticized by members of the local community board who believed that the change would be unsafe for pedestrians. To provide space for the elevator in the mezzanine, two staircases to the platform were relocated, with the elevator, and a new ramp leading to it, located in between them. In order to provide space for one of the new staircases to the platform, the station's longtime vendor lost its lease in February 2017.

A second staircase was added from the mezzanine to the southwestern corner of Fourth Avenue and 86th Street as part of the project. Equipment and crew rooms in the mezzanine were reconfigured, including the installation of an ADA-compliant employee restroom and locker room, to accommodate mechanical and electrical infrastructure for the elevators. In addition, the station agent booth was modified to a wheelchair-friendly height, and railings, turnstiles, platform panels, Braille signage, and powered gates were reconfigured to provide full accessibility. New artwork and mosaic bands were also installed as part of the project. As part of the project, new maps were posted on station walls as a test. The station's communications systems were also upgraded as part of the project. The MTA released the contract for the project to prospective bidders in fall 2017. The $17.9 million contract for the project was awarded to El Sol Contracting in December 2017.

Construction on the elevators started in June 2018 and was expected to be completed by the end of May 2020. However, because of resource shortages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, completion was pushed back to July 29, 2020. The final cost of the project was $36,055,077.

Station layout
This underground station has two tracks and a single island platform. The R stops here at all times. The station is between to the north and  to the south.

The platform and mezzanines above have dark green columns, and alternate columns have the standard black station name plate with white lettering reading "86 Street". The track walls had their mosaic tiling restored as part of the station's 2011 renovation. The southern section of the station is where the platform was extended in 1970, and they have no mosaic trims or tiles along the wall, instead including an extension of the tunnel benchwall. The platform has several employee-facilities that have a mosaic trim line.

Provisions
The Fourth Avenue Line south of 59th Street was built as a two-track structure under the west side of Fourth Avenue with plans for two future tracks on the east side of the street. The current platform was originally supposed to be the southbound platform; the current northbound track would have become the southbound express track if the two additional tracks were built. To the north of this station, the southbound track curves around the platform while the northbound track remains straight. The four tracks were planned mainly to facilitate the Staten Island Tunnel, which would have necessitated express service, although the tunnel was never constructed. In addition, there are large portions of the mezzanines that are now used for employees only.

Exits
This station has two entrances/exits. The full-time one is at the south end. Two staircases from the platform go up to a mezzanine that has a turnstile bank. A bodega was located within fare control until it was evicted in order to accommodate an elevator. Outside fare control, there is a token booth, and three staircases going up to either southern corner of 86th Street and Fourth Avenue, with two leading to the southwestern corner. An elevator leads to the southeastern corner of the intersection. The station's other fare control area is unstaffed. Two staircases from the platform, one of which is now closed, go up to a mezzanine that has two High Entry/Exit Turnstiles and a single staircase going up to the southwest corner of 85th Street and Fourth Avenue. Both mezzanines have their original mosaic trim line.

Bus stop
The station serves as a hub and terminal for several New York City bus routes, including the local and  limited buses and the S79 Select Bus Service to Staten Island.


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Great Hungarian Plain

The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, Alföld or Nagy Alföld)  is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of the ancient Roman province Pannonia). Its territory significantly shrank due to its eastern and southern boundaries being adjusted by the new political borders created after World War I when the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920.

Boundaries
Its boundaries are the Carpathians in the north and east, the Transdanubian Mountains and the Dinaric Alps in the southwest, and approximately the Sava river in the south.

Plain in Hungary

Its territory covers approximately 52000 km2 of Hungary, approximately 56% of its total area of 93030 km2. The highest point of the plain is Hoportyó (183 m); the lowest point is the Tisza River. The terrain ranges from flat to rolling plains.

The most important Hungarian writers inspired by and associated with the plain are Ferenc Móra and Zsigmond Móricz, as well as the poets Sándor Petőfi and Gyula Juhász.

Hungarian scientists born on the plain include Zoltán Bay, physicist; János Irinyi, chemist, inventor of the noiseless match; János Kabay, pharmacologist; Gábor Kátai, physician and pharmacist; and Frigyes Korányi, physician and pulmonologist.

The most important river of the plain is the Tisza.

The notable cities and towns with medicinal baths are Debrecen, Berekfürdő, Cserkeszőlő, Gyula, Hajdúszoboszló, Orosháza, Szentes and Szolnok.

Among the cultural festivals and programmes characteristic of the region are the Csángófesztivál (Csángó Festival) in Jászberény, the Cseresznyefesztivál (Sweet Cherry Festival) in Nagykörű, the Gulyásfesztivál (Goulash Festival) in Szolnok, the Hídi Vásár (Bridge Fair) in Hortobágy National Park, the Hunniális at Ópusztaszer, the Szabadtéri Játékok (Open-air Theater) in Szeged, the Várjátékok (Castle Games) in Gyula, the Virágkarnevál (Flower Carnival) in Debrecen and the Bajai Halászléfőző Népünnepély (Fisherman's Soup Boiling Festival) in Baja.

The part of the plain located in Hungary comprises the following areas:

 * Mezőföld
 * Sárrét
 * Sárköz
 * Drávamellék
 * Kiskunság
 * Jászság
 * Pest Plain
 * Heves Plain
 * Borsodi-Mezőség
 * Bodrogköz
 * Tiszahát
 * Szatmár Plain
 * Maros-Körös köze
 * Körös-vidék
 * Nagykunság
 * Hortobágy National Park
 * Hajdúság
 * Nyírség

Plain in Serbia
The term is used in Serbia to denote the Hungarian portion of the Pannonian plain.

The portion of the Pannonian plain in Serbia is mostly divided into 3 large geographical areas: Bačka, Banat and Srem (Syrmia), most of which are located in the Vojvodina province.

Plain in Croatia
The term is rarely used in Croatia, and is usually associated there with the geography of Hungary.

Parts of Pannonian Croatia can be considered an extension of Alföld, particularly eastern Slavonia and the connected parts of Syrmia.

Plain in Slovakia
The portion of the plain located in Slovakia is known as the Eastern Slovak Lowland.

Plain in Ukraine
The part of the plain located in Ukraine is known as the Transcarpathian Lowland.

Plain in Romania
In Romania, the plain (Rom. câmp or câmpia, from Lat. campus) includes the regions of Banat and Crişana. It is referred to in Romanian as The Western Plain (Câmpia de Vest).

Prehistoric culture
During the prehistoric era, the Great Hungarian Plain was a place of cultural and technological changes, as well as an important meeting point of cultures of Eastern and Western Europe. It is a region of great archaeological importance to major European cultural transitions.

Agriculture began in the Great Hungarian Plain with the Early Neolithic Körös culture, located in present-day Serbia, 6000-5500 B.C.E. followed 5500 B.C.E. by the Linear Pottery culture (LBK)   which later became the dominant agricultural culture of Europe. The LBK was followed by the Lengyel culture in the Late Neolithic 5000-3400 BC.

During the Early Bronze Age (2000 - 1800 BC), the growing demand for metal ores in Europe resulted in the new pan-European and intercontinental trade networks. During that period cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain incorporated many elements from the other cultures of Bronze Age Near Eastern, Steppe and Central Europe

During the early Iron Age (first millennium BC), a variant of the Central European Hallstatt culture inhabited Transdanubia, while pre-Scythian and later Scythian cultures were found in the eastern region of the Great Hungarian Plain.

In 2014, a major study of DNA from burials in the Great Hungarian Plain was published. The 5,000-year record indicated significant genomic shifts at the beginning of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with periods of stability in between. The earliest Neolithic genome was similar to other European hunter-gatherers and surprisingly there was no evidence of lactase persistence at that period. The most recent samples, from the Iron Age, showed an eastern genomic influence contemporary with introduced Steppe burial rites. There was also a transition towards lighter pigmentation.

Nomadic migrations and conquests
The Hungarian plain became the heartland of the Eurasian nomads, being in its natural environment similar to the Pontic–Caspian steppe. The plain had formed the base for Huns, Avars, Magyars, Cumans, Jasz people and other nomadic tribes from the Eurasian Steppe.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Great Hungarian Plain


text:
Talk:Derek Griffiths

Untitled
I don't have a solid source for this, so can't add it to the article, but I'm almost certain that Griffiths' character in Watership Down was "Chervil" rather than "Sherbil", whatever IMDB may have to say on the matter. The rabbit in the book is called Chervil, and that name fits with Richard Adams' usual convention of naming rabbits after plants, whereas "Sherbil" is a meaningless word in such a context. Loganberry (Talk) 22:54, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Is this guy British? The artilcle doesn't say. WikiParker 09:13, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Black
It really shouldn't matter, or be considered notable, but equally I'm sure it does matter and is notable, but he's a black British actor, and moreover one of relatively few black actors in racially-neutral roles on television back in the seventies when he presented Play School. At present the article only allows an inference of this to be made, from his appearance in The Black Mikado. Is there some way of making this clearer, without making an issue of it? Ghughesarch (talk) 23:27, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Actually he occassionally made reference to being black. One famous one (which probably couldn't be put out now, although it is hilarious) was in The Adventure Game (which BTW isn't in the list of programs he was in. Also wasn't he in Chockablock??) as one of the team who rescued Lesley Judd from a cell on the Planet Arg (it was later revealed that she was actually a traitor.)  Lesley Judd said when Derek Griffiths opened the door "My knight in Shining Armour" to which Derek Griffiths replies "And a Black Knight at that". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.2.126.149 (talk) 22:45, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Italian advertising Oscar

 * "In the past he has won the Italian advertising Oscar"

What is that, then? Marnanel (talk) 11:07, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

Place of birth?
IMDb has him down as born in Woking (as does the article - but which source came first?). The normally reliable British Film Institute screenonline website http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1141046/ gives "born in Soho and raised in Tufnell Park". I'm not inclined to change it since both sources seem reliable but both can't be correct.Ghughesarch (talk) 12:01, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

La Fleche
I read this: "Harpagon, The miser by Moliere. Directed by Helena Kaut-Howson at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2009)." I'm sure I saw Derek Griffiths play thw part of La Fleche (very much for laughs) in The Misere at Aberystwth in the early 80s. Stub Mandrel (talk) 19:20, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Derek Griffiths


text:
Robbie Rivera

Roberto "Robbie" Rivera (born 1973) is a Puerto Rican house music producer and DJ. He has an extensive catalog of original productions and remixes to his credit, ranging from tribal to progressive house, as well as incorporating garage and Latin elements. He and his wife Mónica Olabarrieta have homes in Miami and Ibiza. On October 28, 2009, DJ Magazine announced the results of their annual Top 100 DJ Poll, with Rivera placing number 95.

Early years (1986–1999)
Rivera grew up in Puerto Rico, and was a fan of freestyle and Eurobeat when he bought two turntables to teach himself DJing techniques. Rivera performed at weddings and school party gigs, eventually leading to nightclubs aged 16. After high school graduation, Rivera attended The Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale to study music production and was introduced to many different digital audio tools including the popular Pro Tools program. While in college he released his first record, "El Sorullo", a track influenced by Latin house music. The track became popular in New York City and Miami and his career was underway.

Rise to fame (2000–present)
In 2000, Rivera's track "Bang" became a huge hit, making it to number one on the United Kingdom dance chart. The track also made it on to several dance compilation albums and was used frequently during the 2000 Sydney Olympics. The song became popular enough that it gave Rivera some face time on Top of the Pops and MTV. Rivera started his own label, Juicy Records, and recorded mix CDs for Max Music, Filtered, and others. Rivera produced his first album Do You Want More? for Ultra Records and Independence in France. The first single "Which Way You're Going" reached the number one position on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Songs chart and was released on the UK label Toolroom. The track was created in early 2003 when Rivera contacted lyricist Ned Bigham, Jean-Jacques Smoothie and Timo Maas; it was the first completed song and lead track which was inspired by Coldplay's hit "Clocks". In 2003, he also released his track "Girlfriend" which featured vocals by Justine Suissa. During 2007, Rivera's Juicy Show began weekly airplay on XM Satellite Radio (now Sirius XM Radio) in the United States and Canada. Today, Rivera's Juicy radio show can be heard on radio stations around the world, including (but not limited to): Radio FG, Contact FM and Fun Radio (France); Dero FM (Argentina); Vibe FM (Romania); Novoe Radio FM (Belarus); 105FM and various FM frequencies (Italy); Loca FM (Spain); Turkish Side FM (Cyprus); Risfe FM (Hungary); Radiovolum Digital (Norway); various FM frequencies (Brazil); Dance FM (Morocco).

In 2008, he made a collaboration with Armani Exchange by mixing an album called Twilight for the store.

Rivera's branded Juicy-themed DJ shows have a devoted following of club-goers that number in the thousands at each show; the most well known of these parties is Juicy Beach, occurring at the oceanfront Nikki Beach Club venue in South Beach, Miami, every year during WMC (Winter Music Conference).

Rivera appears as the featured producer on the track "In The Morning" on Wynter Gordon's debut album With The Music I Die.

Albums
The following list contains studio albums produced by Robbie Rivera.

 * 2005 Do You Want More?
 * 2008 Star Quality
 * 2009 Closer to the Sun
 * 2011 Dance or Die Series 1
 * 2018 Twenty

Extended plays
This list contains extended plays by Robbie Rivera, his aliases and co-productions.

 * 1996 Another State of Mind EP Vol. 1
 * 1997 Mad Music EP Vol. 1
 * 1997 The Prime Time EP
 * 1998 Step Into My Grooves Vol. 1
 * 1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 1
 * 1999 Robbie Rivera Tools Vol. 1
 * 1999 The Beat Bandit EP
 * 1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 2
 * 1999 Crazy Mother EP Vol. 3
 * 1999 Essential Grooves Part 1

 * 2000 The Secret Agent Adventures Part 1
 * 2000 The Secret Agent Adventures Part 2
 * 2001 Heavy Soul Part 1
 * 2001 Robbie Rivera EP Part 1
 * 2001 Rough Ride EP
 * 2004 Funktown EP
 * 2005 Miami EP
 * 2005 Miami EP Vol. 2
 * 2005 Robbie Rivera Tools Vol. 2
 * 2020 In the Air

Singles
This list contains singles by Robbie Rivera, his aliases and co-productions. It does not contain singles which were remixed.

 * 1996 "These Are the Sounds in the House!"
 * 1997 "I Wanna Feel It Deeper"
 * 1998 "Getting Down with the Sax"
 * 1998 "I Wanna See You Groovin'"
 * 1998 "Funking & Grooving"
 * 1998 "Attention"
 * 1998 "Enough Is Enough"
 * 1998 "Intense"/"Feel This"
 * 1998 "The Kings of Tribal"
 * 1998 "Key of Life"
 * 1998 "Not Just a Dub"
 * 1998 "Nothing to Offer"
 * 1998 "The Ultimate Disco Groove"
 * 1998 "There's Some Disco Fans in Here Tonight"
 * 1999 "Bringing It Down"
 * 1999 "Clap Your Hands"
 * 1999 "Club Wash"
 * 1999 "D-Monsta"
 * 1999 "Listen Up"
 * 1999 "First the Groove"
 * 1999 "French Fries from Miami Beach"
 * 1999 "High Energy"
 * 1999 "It's a Feeling Now"
 * 1999 "It's Midnight"
 * 1999 "Relax"
 * 1999 "Saxmania"
 * 1999 "Sunny South"
 * 1999 "The Frenzy"
 * 1999 "The Music Makers"
 * 1999 "The Soul Bandit"
 * 1999 "Rainforest 1999"
 * 1999 "The Real Sound"
 * 1999 "Tough Enough"
 * 2000 "Bang"
 * 2000 "Do You Believe"/"I'm the Music Tonite"
 * 2000 "Fallin'"
 * 2000 "I Can't Take It"
 * 2000 "I'm the Music Tonite"

 * 2000 "The One"
 * 2001 "Feel This"
 * 2001 "Funk-a-Tron"
 * 2001 "In the Distance"
 * 2002 "Burning"
 * 2002 "Hypnotize"
 * 2002 "Let's Get Together"
 * 2002 "Sex"
 * 2002 "Sound Xpress"/"Congos"
 * 2002 "Super Drum"
 * 2002 "The Hum Melody"
 * 2002 "Trippin"
 * 2003 "All That I Like"
 * 2003 "Bringing It Down"
 * 2003 "Girlfriend"
 * 2003 "Gonna Let the Music Move You Around"
 * 2003 "Got to Let You Know"
 * 2003 "I Want More"
 * 2003 "Insanity"
 * 2003 "The Bang"
 * 2003 "Vertigo"
 * 2003 "Sound the Horn"
 * 2004 "Blah Blah Blah"
 * 2004 "Funk-a-Faction"
 * 2004 "Liar"
 * 2004 "Which Way You're Going"
 * 2004 "Uptown Girls / Do You Want More?"
 * 2005 "One Eye Shut"
 * 2005 "Right Here"
 * 2006 "Bizarre Love Triangle"
 * 2006 "Escape"
 * 2006 "Float Away"
 * 2006 "Superstar"
 * 2006 "The Dubai Track"
 * 2006 "Your Mistake"
 * 2007 "Replay the Night"
 * 2007 "Aye Aye Aye"
 * 2007 "Bring Back the Underground"

 * 2007 "Rock It"
 * 2007 "Move Move"
 * 2007 "No Nobody"
 * 2008 "Back to Zero"
 * 2008 "In Too Deep"
 * 2008 "Girlfriend 2008"
 * 2009 "Closer To The Sun"
 * 2010 "Let Me Sip My Drink" featuring Fast Eddie
 * 2010 "Rock the Disco"
 * 2010 "We Live for the Music"
 * 2010 "Oh Baby" featuring Dero and Juan Magan
 * 2010 "Keep On Going"
 * 2011 "The Sound of the Times" featuring Ana Criado
 * 2011 "Ding Dong" featuring Sue Cho
 * 2012 In The Morning featuring Wynter Gordon
 * 2015 "Falling Deeper" featuring Shawnee Taylor
 * 2017 Stardust Featuring Linney
 * 2018 "Everything"
 * 2018 "Tribal Man"
 * 2018 "All Night"
 * 2019 "You Can Have Everything"
 * 2019 "My Body Moves" featuring Elizabeth Gandolfo
 * 2019 "Money" with Georgia Train
 * 2019 "Stronger" with Abel Di Catarina
 * 2019 "Wake Up" with S-Man
 * 2019 "Musique" with Nxny
 * 2019 "Everything That You Want" with The Cabas
 * 2019 "Saxxy"
 * 2019 "One" featuring Dreamfreak
 * 2019 "This Generation"
 * 2020 "House Party" with Tommy Capretto
 * 2020 "Change" with Georgia Train
 * 2020 "Banter" with She Koro
 * 2020 "Dreaming"
 * 2021 "Get Me Out Of Here"
 * 2021 "Switch It"
 * 2021 "Don't Delete Me"
 * 2022 "The Pulse" with David Tort
 * 2022 "La Vecina" with David Tort featuring Lyon Monster

Remixes

 * 2001: Victoria Beckham — "Not Such An Innocent Girl" (Robbie Rivera's Main Mix)
 * 2019: Audax — "Rave All Night" (Robbie Rivera and Benny Camaro Remix)
 * 2019: Wateva — "Tell Me" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2019: Robbie Rivera — "Stronger" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2019: Dave Winnel — "Smoke Machine" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2019: Tommy Capretto — "House Is A Feeling" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2019: The Cube Guys — "Don't Stop" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2020: David Novacek, Dani Mas and Juan Trumpet — "Give Me More" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2020: Basement Jaxx — "Do Your Thing" (Robbie Rivera Juicy Summer Mix)
 * 2021: Gold 88 — "Push It" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2021: The Private Language - "Cali Girls" (Robbie Rivera Remix)
 * 2021: Horatio - "Killer cut" (Robbie Rivera Remix)

Aliases
This list contains the names of the aliases used by Robbie Rivera.

 * "68 Beats"
 * "Anima"
 * "D-Monsta"
 * "Eighties Phunk Masters"
 * "The Freak"
 * "Funk Bandit"
 * "The Funksters"
 * "Invasion"
 * "Juice Man"
 * "Juicy Tools"
 * "Keylime"

 * "The Kings of Tribal"
 * "Loopman"
 * "The Masters of The Drums"
 * "Metalhead"
 * "Rhythm Bangers"
 * "The Rivera Project"
 * "Tribal Crew"
 * "Westwood Project"
 * "Wicked Phunker"
 * "DJ Spacecake"
 * "Electro Hippy"

Co-productions
This list contains the names of the co-productions of Robbie Rivera with other artists.

 * CRRS (with Chicco Secci)
 * The Italian Connection (with Maurizio Ruggiero)
 * Kolaborators (with Billy Paul Williams)

 * The Music Makers (with Chicco Secci)
 * Robbie Rivera and AJ Mora Project (with AJ Mora)
 * Rockik (with Chicco Secci)
 * Soul Logic (with Chicco Secci)
 * The Underground (with DMS12)

title: Robbie Rivera


text:
Oregon Route 214

Oregon Route 214 is an Oregon state highway which runs from the city of Woodburn, southeast into Silver Falls State Park in the Cascade foothills, and then loops back west towards Salem. The northern segment of the highway (between Silverton and Woodburn) is known as the Hillsboro-Silverton Highway No. 140 (see Oregon highways and routes), a designation which continues north on OR 219, and the southern segment (southeast of Silverton) is known as the Silver Creek Falls Highway No. 163.

Route description
OR 214's northern terminus is at the junction with Interstate 5 and OR 219 in the city of Woodburn. (A single diamond interchange serves both OR 219 and OR 214 from the freeway; OR 219 leads west of the interchange and OR 214 heads east). The roadway heads due east into the city of Woodburn for about 2.5 mi, skirting the northern edge of town (though passing through a very busy shopping district). It then intersects with both OR 99E and OR 211; OR 214 continues south from this intersection, sharing an alignment with OR 99E for 1.2 mi, officially along the Pacific Highway East No. 1E. OR 214 then departs from OR 99E and heads southeast.

Outside of Woodburn, OR 214 is a two-lane country road. The next town of note heading south is Mount Angel, followed by Silverton. In Silverton, OR 214 intersects with OR 213, which heads north to Molalla and south (southwest) to Salem.

OR 214 continues southeast from Silverton, now as the Silver Falls Highway. The highway, almost immediately upon leaving the Silverton city limits, starts climbing into the Cascade foothills, until it enters Silver Falls State Park. Upon entering the park, the highway turns south, and provides several points of access to various park facilities and attractions. Upon leaving the park, the highway heads west towards the Salem area. It terminates near Aumsville at an interchange with OR 22.

One significant alignment change occurred during the 90's. It used to be the case that OR 214, rather than having its northern terminus in  Woodburn, instead continued west towards St. Paul, where it terminated at an intersection with OR 219 (which continued south to Salem on River Road). However, that section of OR 219 is no longer signed as a state route, and the section of OR 214 between St. Paul and Woodburn was renumbered as OR 219. Many maps (including Yahoo Maps) still show the old alignments of OR 219 and OR 214.

title: Oregon Route 214


text:
Silvio Pettirossi

Silvio Pettirossi Pereira (June 16, 1887 – October 17, 1916) was a Paraguayan airplane pilot and aviation pioneer.

Background
Born in Asunción on June 16, 1887 to Italian immigrant parents. As a young man he firstly moved to Spoleto in Italy where he attended a military school, then to Buenos Aires where he became acquainted with the aviator Jorge Newbery who taught him how to fly.

Aviation achievements
In 1912, Pettirossi received a scholarship from the Paraguayan government and moved to France where he obtained the title of aviator pilot from the international aeronautic federation. After receiving the title he made many important flights, one of which was a record eight-hour flight.

He bought a Deperdussin model "T" monoplane with a 60 HP rotary Gnome engine. He made many famous and extraordinary acrobatic flights in Europe, South America and the United States.

In December 1914 he founded the Aeroclub del Paraguay and served as its first president.

Death, and legacy
On October 17, 1916, while doing an inverted loop, the left wing of his plane broke, and the aircraft crashed to the ground in a ranch owned by the Castell family, in Punta Lara, Buenos Aires Province. Pettirossi died instantly.

Asunción's Silvio Pettirossi International Airport, three football clubs, the Airborne Brigade of the Paraguayan Air Force, a Paraguayan Air Force Base in Luque, a street in Asunción, a highway in Luque, the Paraguayan Institute of Aviation History, a school, and some other places are named after him.

title: Silvio Pettirossi


text:
Albion W. Tourgée

Albion Winegar Tourgée (May 2, 1838 – May 21, 1905) was an American soldier, lawyer, writer, politician, and diplomat. Wounded in the Civil War, he relocated to North Carolina afterward, where he became involved in Reconstruction activities. He served in the constitutional convention and later in the state legislature. Albion Tourgée is also a pioneer civil rights activist who founded the National Citizens' Rights Association and Bennett College as a normal school for freedmen in North Carolina (it has been a women's college since 1926).

An ally of African Americans since his Civil War days, later in his career Tourgée was asked to aid a committee in New Orleans that was challenging segregation on railways in Louisiana, and he was appointed the lead attorney in the landmark Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case. The committee was dismayed when the United States Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" public facilities were constitutional; this enabled segregation for decades. Historian Mark Elliott credits Tourgée with introducing the metaphor of "color blind justice" into legal discourse.

Early life
Born in rural Williamsfield, Ohio, on May 2, 1838, Tourgée was the son of farmer Valentine Tourgée and his wife Louisa Emma Winegar. His mother died when he was five. He attended common schools in Ashtabula County and in Lee, Massachusetts, where he lived for two years with an uncle.

Tourgée entered the University of Rochester in 1859. He showed no interest in politics until the university attempted to ban the Wide Awakes, a paramilitary campaign organization affiliated with the Republican Party. Tourgée took on the administration and succeeded in reaching a compromise with the University president. Due to lack of funds, he had to leave the university in 1861, before completing his degree. He taught school to save money in order to return to Rochester.

After the outbreak of the Civil War in April of the same year, Tourgée enlisted in the 27th New York Volunteer Infantry before completing his collegiate studies. Tourgée was awarded an A.B. degree in absentia in June 1862, as was a common practice at many universities for students who had enlisted before completing degrees.

Military service
Fighting in the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major battle of the war, Tourgée was wounded in the spine when he was accidentally struck by a Union gun carriage during retreat. He suffered temporary paralysis and a permanent back problem that plagued him for the rest of his life. Upon recovering sufficiently to resume his military career, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. At the Battle of Perryville, he was again wounded.

On January 21, 1863, Tourgée was captured near Murfreesboro, Tennessee and was held as a prisoner-of-war in Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia, before his exchange on May 8, 1863. He rejoined Union forces and resumed his duties and fought at the battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga. Under pressure from the military because of his medical condition, Tourgée resigned his commission on December 6, 1863.

He returned to Ohio, where he married Emma Doiska Kilbourne, his childhood sweetheart. They had one child.

Reconstruction era
After the war, Tourgée studied law with an established firm, in an apprenticeship, and gained entrance to the Ohio bar. The Tourgée couple soon moved to Greensboro, North Carolina, where he could live in a warmer climate better suited to his war injuries. While there, he established himself as a lawyer, farmer, and editor, working for the Republican newspaper, the Union Registrar. In 1866, he attended the Convention of the Southern Loyalists, where he unsuccessfully attempted to push through a resolution for African-American suffrage.

Considered by locals to be a carpetbagger because he had come from the North, Tourgée participated in several roles during Reconstruction. He drew from this period for later novels that he wrote about the time period. In 1868 he was elected to represent Guilford County at the state constitutional convention, which was dominated by Republicans. Tourgée was influential at the convention, shaping its determinations on the judiciary, local government, and public welfare. He successfully advocated for equal political and civil rights for all citizens; ending property qualifications for jury duty and officeholding; requiring popular election of all state officers, including judges; founding free public education; abolishing the use of whipping posts as punishment for persons convicted of crimes; judicial reform; and uniform taxation.

Tourgée was elected to the 7th District superior court as a judge, serving from 1868 to 1874. During this period he confronted the increasingly violent Ku Klux Klan, which was very powerful in his district and had members who repeatedly threatened his life. During this time, Tourgée was also appointed as one of three commissioners in charge of codifying North Carolina's previously dual law-code system into one. The new codified civil procedures, at first strongly opposed by the state's legal practitioners, proved in time the most flexible, and informal system in the Union. Among his other activities, Tourgée served as a delegate to the 1875 state constitutional convention and ran a losing campaign for Congress in 1878.

Literary life
Albion's first literary endeavor was the novel Toinette, written between 1868 and 1869 while he was living in North Carolina. It was not published until 1874, and then under the pseudonym "Henry Churton." It was renamed A Royal Gentleman when it was republished in 1881.

Financial success came after his novel A Fool's Errand, by One of the Fools was published in late 1879. Based on his experiences of Reconstruction, the novel sold 200,000 copies. Its sequel, Bricks Without Straw (1880), also was a bestseller. It was unique among contemporary novels by white men about the South, as it presented events from the viewpoints of freedmen, and depicts promises of freedom narrowed by postwar violence and discrimination against freedmen.

In 1881, Tourgée and his family returned north to Mayville, New York, near the Chautauqua Institution in the western part of the state. He made his living as writer and editor of the literary weekly The Continent, but it failed in 1884.

He wrote many more novels and essays in the next two decades, many set in the Lake Erie region to which he had relocated. These included Button's Inn (1887), a novel about early Mormons, who founded their religion in the western part of New York. Called the "Burned Over District", this area was a center of religious fervor in the 19th century. One of his books explored social justice from a Christian perspective; this thought-provoking and controversial novel, Murvale Eastman: Christian Socialist, was published in 1890.

Plessy v. Ferguson case
Near the end of the 19th century, the Southern states had become dominated by white Democrats. The legislatures began to pass new constitutions (beginning with Mississippi in 1890) and laws to raise barriers to voter registration to suppress the black Republican vote and to impose legal segregation in public facilities. Louisiana passed an 1890 law intended "to promote the comfort of passengers" by requiring all state railway companies "to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing separate coaches or compartments" on their passenger trains.

In September 1891 a group of prominent black leaders in New Orleans, made up of mostly men who had been free people of color before the Civil War, organized a "Citizens' Committee" to challenge this law on federal constitutional grounds. To assist them in their challenge, this group retained the legal services of "Judge Tourgée," as he was popularly known.

Perhaps considered the nation's most outspoken white Radical on the "race question" in the late 1880s and 1890s, Tourgée had called for resistance to the Louisiana law in his widely read newspaper column, A Bystander's Notes. Written for the Chicago Republican (later known as the Chicago Daily Inter Ocean and after 1872 known as the Chicago Record-Herald), his column was syndicated in many newspapers across the country. Largely as a consequence of this column, "Judge Tourgée" had become well known in the black community for his bold denunciations of lynching, segregation, disfranchisement, white supremacy, and scientific racism. He was the first choice of the New Orleans Citizens' Committee's to lead their legal challenge to the new Louisiana segregation law.

As they developed their challenge, Tourgée played a strategic role, for instance suggesting that a light-skinned, mixed-race African American challenge the law. Dan Desdunes, the son of prominent Citizens Committee leader Rodolphe Desdunes, was initially selected, but his case was thrown out because he had been a passenger on an interstate train, where the court ruled that state law did not apply. Homer Plessy was selected next. He was arrested after boarding an intrastate train and refusing to move from a white to a "colored" car.

Tourgée, who was lead attorney for Homer Plessy, first deployed the term "color blindness" in his briefs in the Plessy case. He had used it on several prior occasions on behalf of the struggle for civil rights. Tourgee's first use of "color blindness" as a legal metaphor has been documented decades before, while he was serving as a Superior Court judge in North Carolina. In his dissent in Plessy, Justice John Marshall Harlan borrowed the metaphor of "color blindness" from Tourgée's legal brief.

Later life
In the wake of an 1892 lynching in Memphis known as the Peoples Grocery lynching, anti-lynching activist Ida B. Wells wrote about the case. After the Memphis Commercial accused her of inciting the incident, she asked Tourgee to represent her in a libel case against the newspaper. Tourgée had largely retired from law (with the exception of his work with the New Orleans "Citizens' Committee") and refused. Tourgée recommended that Wells contact his friend, Ferdinand Lee Barnett, and Barnett agreed to take the case.

This may have been Barnett's introduction to Wells. They married two years later. Barnett came to agree with Tourgée's assessment: that the case did not have a good chance of being won. He said that a black woman would never win such a case heard by an all-white, all-male jury in Memphis, and Wells withdrew her suit. Wells and Barnett married in 1895.

In 1897, following Tourgée's involvement in the Plessy case, President William McKinley appointed him as U.S. consul to France. He sailed to Bordeaux where he was based. About 1900, Tourgée joined the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, an influential Civil War veterans' organization of Union men who had been commissioned officers. He was assigned Companion No. 13949.

Tourgée served in France until his death in early 1905. He had been gravely ill for several months, but then appeared to rebound. The recovery was only brief, momentary, however, and he succumbed to acute uremia. The kidney damage was believed to be related to a Civil War wound.

Tourgée's ashes were interred at the Mayville Cemetery, in Mayville, New York. He is commemorated by a 12-foot granite obelisk inscribed thus: I pray thee then Write me as one that loves his fellow-man.

Books
Fiction

 * Toinette (1874)
 * Figs and Thistles: A Western Story (1879)
 * A Fool's Errand (1879)
 * Bricks Without Straw (1880)
 * 'Zouri's Christmas (1881)
 * John Eax and Marmelon; or, The South Without the Shadow (1882)
 * Hot Plowshares (1883)
 * The Veteran and His Pipe (1886)
 * Button's Inn (1887)
 * Black Ice (1888)
 * With Gauge and Swallow, Attorneys (1889)
 * Murvale Eastman, Christian Socialist (1890)
 * Pactolus Prime (1890)
 * '89 (1891)
 * A Son of Old Harry (1892)
 * Out of the Sunset Sea (1893)
 * An Outing with the Queen of Hearts (1894)
 * The Mortgage on the Hip-Roof House (1896)
 * The Man Who Outlived Himself (1898) stories

Nonfiction

 * The Code of Civil Procedure of North Carolina, with Barringer & Rodman (1878)
 * An Appeal to Caesar (1884)
 * Letters to a King (1888)
 * The War of the Standards: Coin and Credit vs. Coin Without Credit (1896)
 * The Story of a Thousand, Being a History of the 105th Volunteer Infantry, 1862-65 (1896)
 * A Civil War Diary, ed by Dean H. Keller (post, 1965)

title: Albion W. Tourgée


text:
Highland Park High School (New Jersey)

Highland Park High School (HPHS) is a four-year comprehensive public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from the borough of Highland Park, in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, as the lone secondary school of the Highland Park Public Schools system.

History
The original school building was designed by architect Alexander Merchant. Opened in September 1926, the school was named Franklin Junior High School, serving students through tenth grade and constructed at a cost of $360,000 (equivalent to $ million in ). After appeals from residents, grades 11 and 12 were added and the building was renamed "Highland Park High School" in 1937, before which students from Highland Park completed their secondary school education at either New Brunswick High School or Metuchen High School.

Later additions to the facility include the Science and Math wing in 1958; the English wing in 1968; the library and arts wing in the 1980s; and the cafeteria and a connected middle school (grades 6, 7, and 8) in 1996. Student population peaked in the 1960s, with a population in the 900s.

Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 74th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 67th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 37th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 50th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 31st in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which included 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school tied for 184th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (an increase of 54 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the two components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA), mathematics (79.0%) and language arts literacy (93.3%).

In 2018, Highland Park High School received the Gold Ranking by U.S. News & World Report, ranked 17th-best high school in New Jersey and 397th in the nation.

Also in 2018, the school won the ShopRite Cup for the best Group I sports program in New Jersey.

In 2008, two students were National Merit Finalists, twelve were National Merit Commended Scholars, and eleven were Bloustein Distinguished Scholars.

In 2005, a team of three HPHS students were recognized as First Place National Finalists in the 13th Annual Toshiba/NSTA ExploraVision Awards science competition for their innovative design of a satellite-based earthquake and tsunami detection/prediction system.

Extracurricular activities
Extracurricular programs at HPHS include multiple instrumental music programs, drama club and tech crew, SAGA (the Sexuality and Gender Alliance), The Highland Fling (school newspaper), a Model United Nations and Model Congress Program, which participates at the Rutgers University Model UN and Congress conferences, as well as Philadelphia Model Congress, Dead Center (literary magazine), and the Albadome (yearbook). The school also has a DECA chapter, which competes in New Jersey's Blue Division. The HPHS academic teams compete in many all-state competitions such as Science League, Math League, and the News 12-sponsored NJ Challenge. These teams excel, having won top-10 plaques in past years.

WVHP-FM
Beginning in 1971, the high school had a ten-watt FM radio station, WVHP, the voice of Highland Park, that broadcast from 6AM to 8AM and 5PM to 10:30PM Monday through Friday.

Athletics
Highland Park High School Owls compete in the Greater Middlesex Conference, which is comprised of public and private high schools in the Middlesex County area and operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 348 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group I for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 75 to 476 students in that grade range. The football team competes in Division 1B of the Big Central Football Conference, which includes 60 public and private high schools in Hunterdon, Middlesex, Somerset, Union and Warren counties, which are broken down into 10 divisions by size and location. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group I South for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 200 to 463 students. The school's mascot is the Owl. The colors of HPHS and its various sports teams are maroon and white.

HPHS is known for its long-time success in track and field and baseball, with more recent successes in boys' and girls' soccer and boys' and girls' tennis. There is also the girls' and boys' basketball teams and the cheer leading and dance teams that performs at football and basketball games. The school also has cross country, girls volleyball, wrestling and softball teams. HPHS is also home to an Ultimate team, the Enforcers, although the team is not affiliated with the school's varsity sports program.

The boys basketball team won the Group I state championship in 1948, defeating Weehawken High School by a score of 57-53 in the tournament's championship game.

The boys track team won the spring / outdoor track title in Group II in 1958, 1959 and 1960.

The baseball team won the Central Jersey Group II state sectional championship in 1959, 1962, 1966, 1969 and 1970.

The boys indoor track team won the Group II championship in 1962, 1963, 1971 (co-champion with Lincoln High School), 1980 (co-champion with Roselle Park High School) and 1984. The girls team won the Group II title in 1981 and 2018.

The boys track team won the Group I/II state indoor relay championship in 1966 (co-champion with Clearview Regional High School), and won the Group I title in 1980, 1981 and 1984.

L.J. Smith, of the Baltimore Ravens, was a star of both the HPHS football and basketball teams in the 1990s. The football team won the NJSIAA Central Jersey Group I state sectional championship in 1974 (awarded by NJSIAA), 1977, 1978, 1986, 1989 and 1990. The 1977 Highland Park football team won the Central Jersey Group I state title with a 35-12 win against Dunellen High School in the championship game.

The field hockey team won the Central Jersey Group I state sectional title in 1977.

The girls track team won the winter track Group I state title in 1978, 1980 and 2017.

The girls' basketball team won the 2007 Central, Group I championship, topping Dunellen High School, 50–35 in the final.

In 2011, the boys' tennis team won the New Jersey Group I championship for the first time, defeating Leonia High School in the final round of the tournament. The 2019 team won the Group I state title at Mercer County Park, defeating Middle Township High School 4-1 in the semifinals and moving on to beat New Providence High School 3-2 in the finals.

The team won the Central Jersey Group II state sectional title in 1966-1968 and won the Central Jersey Group I title in 2020.

Administration
The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1940.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 494 students and 43.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1. There were 145 students (29.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 40 (8.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

The school's principal is Michael Lassiter. His core administration team includes the assistant principal.

William H. Donahue, who became principal of the school in 1980 and worked at the school for three decades, was murdered in 1987.

Notable alumni

 * Jim Axelrod (class of 1981), White House correspondent for CBS News
 * David Clewell (1955-2020), poet and creative writing instructor at Webster University who served as the Poet Laureate of Missouri
 * Wheeler Winston Dixon (born 1950, class of 1968), filmmaker, critic and author
 * Nancy Dorian (1936–2024, class of 1954), linguist who carried out research into the decline of the East Sutherland dialect of Scottish Gaelic
 * Samuel G. Freedman (born 1955, class of 1973), journalist and author
 * Willie Garson (born 1964, as Willie Paszamant; class of 1982), actor best known for his appearances on Sex and The City
 * Alan Guth (born 1947), physicist who left high school after his junior year to enroll at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Amy Herzog (class of 1996), playwright and finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, who was valedictorian of her graduating class
 * John Hulme (born 1987), author of the book series The Seems and director of the documentary Blood, Sweat & Tears: A Basketball Exorcism.
 * Soterios Johnson, (class of 1986) former local host of NPR's Morning Edition on WNYC
 * Ted Kubiak (born 1942, class of 1960), infielder who played for the Kansas City / Oakland A's, Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals, Texas Rangers and the San Diego Padres
 * Jerry Levine (born 1957, class of 1975), actor and director of television and theater, best known for appearing on Will & Grace and in the films Teen Wolf and Casual Sex?
 * Stav Prodromou (born 1944, class of 1960), businessman who was the founder and former chief executive officer of Poqet Computer Corporation
 * L. J. Smith (born 1980), tight end who has played for the Baltimore Ravens

title: Highland Park High School (New Jersey)


text: User talk:132.236.75.106

title: User talk:132.236.75.106


text:
Battle of Augusta

The Battle of Augusta, also known as the Battle of Agosta and the Battle of Etna, took place on 22 April 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War and was fought between a French fleet of 29 men-of-war, five frigates and eight fireships under Abraham Duquesne, and a Dutch-Spanish fleet of around 27 warships (17 Dutch, 11 Spanish) besides several frigates and five fireships with Francisco de la Cerda in overall command and Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter in command of the Dutch contingent ships.

The battle was intense although only a part of each fleet was engaged for much of its duration. It ended when de Ruyter skillfully extracted his outnumbered squadron from being attacked on both sides by superior French numbers, without the loss of any ships; however, he was mortally wounded in the process. The next morning the fleets separated without resuming fighting. Neither side lost a ship, so the result was tactically inconclusive. However, the Dutch casualties were greater than those of the French and, as Dutch-Spanish fleet had hoped to defeat the French fleet and attack Messina, it was a strategic defeat for them.

Background
Louis XIV continued his father and grandfather's policy of rivalry with the Habsburgs and sought to expand France eastwards into Habsburg territory, while the Dutch wished to avoid war with either France or England, and preferred Spanish control of the southern Netherlands to having a common frontier with France. The Treaty of the Pyrenees that ended the Franco-Spanish War in 1659 provided for Louis XIV to marry Maria Theresa, the eldest daughter of Philip IV of Spain, who renounced her right to inherit the Spanish throne to prevent its acquisition by a future French king. The treaty also provided for the payment of a substantial dowry to Louis, which was never paid.

On the death Philip IV in September 1665, his infant son Charles II of Spain was proclaimed king. He was the child of Philip's second wife Mariana of Austria who became her son's regent. Mariana's nearest male relative, the Emperor Leopold would have a claim to inherit the Spanish Empire through his mother, Maria Anna of Spain, if Charles died childless, so Louis therefore claimed that, since Maria Theresa's dowry had not been paid, her renunciation was invalid. In addition, he referred to an obscure law of the duchies of Brabant and Limburg that prioritised the children of a first marriage in cases of inheritance and finally argued that Maria Theresa's rights to the Spanish throne "devolved" to him. The French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in 1667 was initially very successful, but on 31 July, Peace of Breda ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War and the Dutch began discussions with England and Sweden on creating a diplomatic alliance to protect Spain against France. Although in the subsequent the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, signed by Spain and France on 2 May 1668 allowed Louis XIV to retain several towns in the Spanish Netherlands, he had to return three other cities there and the province of Franche-Comté to Spain. Louis consequently resented this Dutch intervention and used skillful diplomacy and money to detach England and Sweden from their alliance with the Dutch by April 1672.

France then invaded the United Netherlands in May 1672 initiating the Franco-Dutch War. After initial successes and the Dutch offer of very favourable peace terms, which Louis refused, the Dutch retreated behind the inundations they had caused by opening river sluices and prepared to resist the French by land and sea. In 1674, the city of Messina in Sicily had revolted against rule by Spain and expelled its Spanish garrison. The city asked for French protection and a small French squadron with a few troops and some food supplies was sent, but it had to withdraw before the year end in the face of a Spanish fleet of 22 ships and numerous galleys. A stronger French force of 20 ships, including nine ships of the line, and a supply convoy managed to break through the Spanish blockade and defeat the more numerous Spanish fleet in a battle off the Lipari Islands on 11 February 1675, capturing one Spanish warship, and it ended the Spanish blockade of Messina and brought considerable food supplies to the city. This battle is sometimes referred to as the First Battle of Stromboli.

The Spanish then asked for Dutch assistance. Michiel de Ruyter was sent to the Mediterranean with eighteen larger warships and a number of smaller vessels although, because Dutch resources had been strained by the continuing Franco-Dutch War, these ships were not fully manned. After waiting for two months on the Spanish coast for the supplies promised by the Spanish authorities and for a Spanish squadron to join him, de Ruyter sailed for Sicily at the year end and, on 8 January 1676, fought a French fleet of roughly equal numbers but greater firepower in the inconclusive Battle of Stromboli, following which the Dutch lost one ship that sunk after severe battle damage. Later in 1676, de Ruyter was joined by a Spanish squadron of at least ten warships, and the combined fleet, now commanded by the Spanish admiral Don Francisco de la Cerda, wishing to attack Messina, which required defeating the French fleet, decided to attack Augusta to force the French fleet to leave Messina harbour.

Battle
The attack on Augusta had the desired effect of drawing the French fleet out to sea and, on 22 April 1676, the two fleets met in the Bay of Catania north of Augusta. De la Cerda rejected de Ruyter's suggestion of mingling Dutch and Spanish ships, and the Spanish formed the combined fleet's centre squadron, with Dutch squadrons in the van, led by de Ruyter, and rear, under Jan de Haan. Both available sources agree that there were 29 French ships of the line and 13 Dutch warships, not all fit to fight in line. Jenkins mentions ten Spanish warships, Blackmore 14, besides several Dutch and Spanish frigates, and also five French frigates and eight fireships, and he also suggests that the French fleet was superior in firepower to its opponents. Both fleets sailed in line ahead and were organised into three divisions. The battle was largely an intense fight between the two van squadrons, as de la Cerda kept the centre at long range from its French counterpart, possibly because his ships were short of gunpowder. Some ships in the rear of de Haan's squadron had engaged the tail of Gabret's squadron, but otherwise this squadron kept in line with the Spanish centre for most of the battle. The conduct of the Spanish centre enabled the leading ships of Duquesne's centre to join in the attack on de Ruyter's van squadron and engage his outnumbered ships on both sides.

In the fierce fighting between the two van divisions, the French ship Lys was forced out of line and the commander of the French van, Lieutenant-Général Alméras was killed. Towards the end of the day, de Ruyter in Eendracht attacked Duquesne in Saint-Esprit with the intention of boarding. but Tourville in Sceptre, aided by Saint Michel went to their admiral's aid. The lack of Spanish support allowed the French to envelop the Ruyter, which meant that the Dutch van suffered more severely than its opponents, with three of its ships so badly damaged that they had to be towed to port by Spanish galleys. Disaster was averted by the initiative of De Haan, who moved to De Ruyter's support. Thus De Ruyter was able to extract his squadron by his own seamanship and the assistance of de Haan. De la Cerda's finally intervened by shielding the Dutch van while it retreated from the battle. During the course of the Dutch van's disengagement from fighting, de Ruyter was fatally wounded when a cannonball struck him in the leg, and he died a week later at Syracuse.

Aftermath
The next morning, the fleets separated without further fighting and combined Dutch-Spanish fleet withdrew to Palermo to repair their battle damage, abandoning any attempt to attack Messina. A month later, on 28 May 1676, the French fleet attacked combined Dutch-Spanish fleet and a squadron of Spanish galleys, all at anchor in Palermo harbour in the naval Battle of Palermo and destroyed two Dutch warships by gunfire seven Spanish warships and two galleys and another Dutch ship by the use of fireships in the enclosed harbour. De Haan, who had assumed command of the Dutch fleet after de Ruyter's death, was killed by a cannonball during the battle. Despite this significant victory, the French withdrew from Messina in 1678 and the Spanish viceroy of Sicily regained control of the city.

Van Squadron (Alméras)

 * Fidèle 56 (Chevalier de Cogolin)
 * Heureux 54 (Monsieur de La Bretesche)
 * Vermandois 50 (Chevalier de Tambonneau, killed)
 * Pompeux 72 (Chevalier de Valbelle, chef d'escadre)
 * Lys 74 (Lieutenant-Général Marquis Guillaume d'Alméras, killed; flag-captains Etienne Gentet and Chevalier de Montbron)
 * Magnifique 72 (Monsieur de La Gravière)
 * Parfait 60 (Monsieur de Chasteneuf)
 * Apollon 54 (Chevalier de Forbin)
 * Trident 38 (Chevalier de Bellefontaine)

 * Fireships:
 * Ardent
 * Orage

Centre Squadron (Duquesne)

 * Fortune 56 (Marquis d'Amfreville)
 * Aimable 56 (Monsieur de La Barre)
 * Joli 46 (Monsieur de Belle-Isle)
 * Éclatant 60 (Monsieur de Coü, killed; replaced by Monsieur de Saint-Germen)
 * Sceptre 80 (Comte Anne Hilarion de Tourville)
 * Saint-Esprit 72 (vice-admiral Abraham Duquesne)
 * Saint Michel 60 (Marquis de Preuilly d'Humiéres)
 * Mignon 46 (Monsieur de Relingues)
 * Aquilon 50 (Monsieur de Montreuil)
 * Vaillant 54 (Monsieur de Septesme)

 * Fireships:
 * Salvador
 * Imprudent
 * Inquiet

Rear Squadron (Gabaret)

 * Assuré 56 (Marquis de Villette-Mursay)
 * Brusque 46 (Chevalier De La Mothe)
 * Syrène 46 (Chevalier de Béthune)
 * Fier 60 (Monsieur de Chabert)
 * Agréable 56 (Monsieur d'Ailly)
 * Sans-Pareil 70 (chef d'escadre Jean Gabaret, flag-captain Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon)
 * Grand 72 (Monsieur de Beaulieu)
 * Sage 54 (Marquis de Langeron)
 * Prudent 54 (Monsieur de La Fayette)
 * Téméraire 50 (Chevalier de Levy)

Fireships:
 * Dangereux
 * Hameson
 * Dame-de-la-Mère

De Ruyter Dutch squadron (van)

 * Spiegel 70 (Gilles Schey)
 * Groenwijf 36 (Jan Noirot)
 * Leiden 36 (Jan van Abkoude)
 * Leeuwen 50 (Frans Willem, Graaf van Limburg Stirum)
 * Eendracht 76 (Lt-Admiral Michiel De Ruyter, died; flag-captain Gerard Callenburgh)
 * Stad en Lande 54 (Joris Andringa)
 * Zuiderhuis 46 (Pieter de Sitter)
 * Damiaten 34 (Isaac van Uitterwijk)
 * Oosterwijk 60 (Jacob Teding van Berkhout)
 * Tonijn 8 (snauw, Philips Melkenbeek)
 * Kreeft 8 (snauw, Wijbrand Barendszoon)
 * Ter Goes 8 (snauw, Abraham Wilmerdonk)
 * Salm 4 (fireship, Jan van Kampen)
 * Melkmeisje 2 (fireship, Arent Ruyghaver)
 * Zwarte Tas 4 (Jacob Stadtlander)

De la Cerda Spanish squadron (centre)

 * Nuestra Señora del Pilar (Capitana Real) 64/74 (1000-1100 crew) Almirante Francisco Pereire Freire de La Cerda (or de La Zerda)
 * Santiago (Nueva Real) 80
 * San Antonio de Napoles 44/46 (500 crew)
 * San Felipe 40/44
 * San Carlo/Salvator delle Fiandre/San Salvador (Almiranta de Flandres) 40/42/48 (350 crew)
 * San Joaquin/San Juan 80
 * San Gabriel 40
 * Santa Ana 54/60
 * Nuestra Señora del Rosario 50
 * Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
 * Nuestra Señora del Rosario y Las Animas

De Haan Dutch squadron (rear)

 * Steenbergen 68 (Pieter van Middelandt)
 * Wakende Boei 46 (Cornelis Tijloos)
 * Edam 34 (Cornelis van der Zaan)
 * Kraanvogel 46 (Jacob Willemszoon Broeder)
 * Gouda 76 (Vice-Admiral Jan de Haan)
 * Provincie van Utrecht 60 (Jan de Jong)
 * Vrijheid 50 (Adam van Brederode)
 * Harderwijk 46 (Mattheus Megang)
 * Prinsen Wapen 8 (snauw, Hendrik Walop)
 * Rouaan 8 (snauw, Willem Knijf)
 * Roos 8 (snauw, Juriaan Baak)
 * Sint Salvador 6 (fireship, Jan Janszoon Bont)
 * Jakob en Anna 4 (fireship, Dirk Klaaszoon Harney)
 * Witte tas 4 (supply ship, Adriaan van Esch)

Commemoration
The French Navy (Marine Nationale) has commemorated the Battle of Augusta (Agosta) by naming both the Redoutable-class submarine FRENCH SUBMARINE Agosta and the submarine FRENCH SUBMARINE Agosta, lead ship of the successful Agosta-class submarine, after it.

title: Battle of Augusta


text:
Desert (English band)

Desert were an electronic and house music duo from Liverpool, England. Members of the outfit are the producers Paul Kane and Paul Pringle. In 2001 they hit #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart with "Lettin' Ya Mind Go". They also reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart. In 2002 their follow-up, "I See the Light," peaked at #34 in the Hot Dance Club Play listings.

Discography

 * "Hourglass" (1994)
 * "Moods" (1995) #124
 * "Feelings Run So Deep" (1996) #129
 * "Seasons" (1997)
 * "Loose It (To the Sound)" (1998)
 * "Voices" (1998)
 * "Kollage" (1999)
 * "Bitcrusher" (2000)
 * "Lettin' Ya Mind Go" (2001) #74
 * "I See the Light" (2002) #99
 * "Beyond the Sun" (feat. John Power) (2003) #137

title: Desert (English band)


text:
Talk:Ross O'Carroll-Kelly

Could someone who knows the story about Ross' son add him as a Character? It would also be nice to expand the core character descriptions, and give more nicknames. RMoloney 22:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Des Dillon
Could you provide a source for this rumour? Also, is it the character of Ross, or the Alan Clarke illustration (or both) that is supposedly based on Dillon? RMoloney 18:11, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Intersting Note on JP
JP only turns into a born-again christian in "The curious incindent of the dog in the nightdress", but the information has been on this page for quite some time. Has Paul Howard or someone from the publisher secretly added information to this page?
 * In the newspaper columns, JP's conversion happened shortly after the death of Pope John Paul II, so it was added then. RMoloney (talk) 22:24, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Origin
I heard somewhere that Paul Howard, was supposed to be writing an article about a southside Rugby playing school, who he followed around for a while. He then wrote an article about the stuff they were getting up to, but the tribune wouldn't print it because they were afraid of being sued for defamation. I don't want to add it, as I just heard this off someone, and don't know if it's true.--Richy 12:58, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

That is true. Theres an article on Oxygen.ie about it. Trevorhay (talk) 01:52, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

ROCK a "jock"
Some time ago I heard Paul Howard on RTE One describing ROCK as a "jock". I added this to the "Dublin 4" mention of him and just now to the article itself. Does anybody remember when the interview was? (I don't read the ROCK columns, just have heard him mentioned a lot.) Autarch 15:30, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:OrangFrap.JPG
Image:OrangFrap.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 11:17, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Madra.jpg
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BetacommandBot 22:11, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:OrangeMochaChip.jpg
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BetacommandBot 08:38, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ross Mojito.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 20:37, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ross-Miseducation.jpg
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Inspiration for Fr. Fehily
Is Father Fehily based on or a reference to Leonard Feeney (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Feeney) or Father Denis Fahey (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Fahey) who used to teach at St. Mary's, or is this too deep a question? Does it matter? Liamfoley (talk) 17:35, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Fansite
The Influences section in particular is obsessive in the influence of American Psycho on the ROCK stories. Some trimming in that section is needed. Autarch (talk) 19:36, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, some editors are obsessed with putting the words "ledgend" or "ledge" into the article - they should read WP:ISNOT.Autarch (talk) 21:56, 27 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Another issue - some parts use slang without explaining it - the case in mind is "one of the goys" - this might seem obvious to someone from Ireland, but remember you're writing for a worldwide audience and words, such as goy, can have unexpected meanings in other countries.Autarch (talk) 21:37, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

Adding plots
Recently some anonymous editors have added material to the character descriptions that contained a lot of plot - WP:PLOT and WP:MOSFICT are good advice.Autarch (talk) 19:35, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Unexplained slang
The phrase everyone who was on the S in the year they won appears in the part about the funeral of Father Denis Fehily. What does this mean?Autarch (talk) 19:47, 19 March 2010 (UTC)
 * It means "everyone who was on the Senior Cup team the year they won the Leinster Senior Cup". Fionnsci (talk) 09:31, 20 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Thank you - I've fixed the sentence in question. Some contributors keep putting in slang from the series.Autarch (talk) 19:37, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Lists in article and influence
This is taking up a large section of the article - roughly half of it by my reckoning. I can think of a couple of things to do with it:
 * 1) Trim it back to a shorter list - some keep adding character trivia to it.
 * 2) Split it into its' own article - this is covered under WP:SIZE, specifically WP:SPINOUT.

The list of works is also getting long. The title references column may or may not fall under WP:OR.

The section claiming influence of Brett Easton Ellis doesn't cite any references. Is there a reference anywhere where Paul Howard claims such an influence? If not, then this qualifies as WP:OR which is barred under WP:NOR. What doesn't appear to be OR is the description of characters and their portrayal, but the claim of influence is.

Looking at WP:MOSFICT the article could need an overhaul on several fronts:
 * 1) Regarding copyright, the Fair Use section states: It has been held in a number of court cases that any work which re-tells original ideas from a fictional source, in sufficient quantity without adding information about that work, or in some way analysing and explaining it, may be construed as a derivative work or a copyright violation. This may apply irrespective of the way information is presented, in or out of the respective fictional universe, or in some entirely different form such as a quizbook or "encyclopedia galactica". It also states that Information about copyrighted fictional worlds and plots of works of fiction can be provided only under a claim of fair use, and Wikipedia's fair-use policy holds that "the amount of copyrighted work used should be as little as possible". This might affect the character sections which contain a considerable amount of character history. They may also fall fout of WP:PLOT.
 * 2) The Accuracy and appropriate weight section may affect the lengths of the Characters and Language sections.
 * 3) Primary and secondary information are needed - there are only four references in the current version of the article!Autarch (talk) 20:38, 20 March 2010 (UTC)

Rm Influences section as OR
The following unsourced material has been flagged as such for a while, so I'll remove it as OR: Several stylistic traits from The Mis-Education Of Ross O'Carroll-Kelly and later books were borrowed from Bret Easton Ellis's satirical novel, American Psycho''. For example:''
 * Ross describes in exacting detail the clothes those around him are wearing, and their physical appearance only as far as commenting on their attractiveness and in women the case of women describing their posterior and breast size
 * Characters deliver detailed vignettes about aspects of popular culture. For example in an early scene the character Christian discusses the incestuous undertones of Star Wars
 * One of Bateman's friends mocks a homeless man by holding out a $1 bill, then putting it back in his wallet. Ross and his friends drive to poor areas of Dublin and throw money out of the car, laughing at the locals who scramble for it

Male and female characters in both Ellis' novel and the ROCK stories exhibit near-identical behaviour for their gender, Ross distinguishing the females only by the posh private school they attended, a post they held at that school (hockey captain, Head Girl, etc.) and resemblance to a celebrity. According to Howard, the major influence on his style in the series is actually Ellis's Less than Zero, which is set in California and about a group of privileged 16-18 year olds. Autarch (talk) 19:20, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Media franchise
Is it accurate to use the term media franchise in this context? CSI and Law & Order clearly are, but the subject of this article is mainly published in a newspaper, which is then collected in books. Sure, there's a play and a CD, but as far as I can tell the main emphasis is on the column and books.Autarch (talk) 18:29, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

On checking the source used in the sentence where "franchise" is mentioned, there is no mention of any kind of franchise. To avoid WP:OR and keep to WP:V, I've changed the sentence to describe the central character.Autarch (talk) 21:03, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ross O'Carroll-Kelly


text:
Charlotte High School (Michigan)

Charlotte High School is a secondary school located in Charlotte, Michigan. It is administered by Charlotte Public Schools.

Notable alumni

 * Brock Gutierrez, NFL center
 * For the Fallen Dreams, metalcore band
 * Eric Menk, PBA Center and Power Forward

Athletics
The Orioles compete as members of the Capital Area Activities Conference. The following MHSAA sanctioned sports are offered:

 * Baseball (boys)
 * Basketball (boys & girls)
 * Bowling (boys & girls)
 * Competitive cheer (girls)
 * Cross country (boys & girls)
 * Football (boys)
 * Golf (boys & girls)
 * Soccer (boys & girls)
 * Softball (girls)
 * Swimming and diving (boys & girls)
 * Tennis (boys & girls)
 * Track and field (boys & girls)
 * Volleyball (girls)
 * Wrestling (boys)

title: Charlotte High School (Michigan)


text:
Remanufacture – Cloning Technology

Remanufacture – Cloning Technology (sometimes referred to as Remanufacture) is the first remix album by American heavy metal band Fear Factory. The album is a remix of the band's second studio album Demanufacture, released on May 20, 1997.

The tracks "Genetic Blueprint" (New Breed) and "21st Century Jesus" (Pisschrist) are featured on Infogrames Test Drive 5 which was released on PC and PlayStation in 1998. Additionally, the song "Remanufacture (Demanufacture)" is featured on the 2000 PC game Messiah, as it is the theme song for the game, and the song is also on 2005 PSP video game Infected.

Track listing
The titles of the original songs are in bigger brackets. All songs composed by Burton C. Bell, Dino Cazares and Raymond Herrera.

2005 remastered edition
The album was re-released on June 7, 2005 in a digipak edition, with new bonus tracks and Demanufacture as the first disc.

Fear Factory

 * Fear Factory – production, cover design
 * Burton C. Bell – vocals
 * Dino Cazares – guitar, production
 * Christian Olde Wolbers – bass
 * Raymond Herrera – drums

Other personal

 * Delwyn Brooks – mixing assistant
 * Ciel – artwork, design
 * Anne Marie Damjanovic – production coordination
 * Rhys Fulber – remixing
 * Ted Jensen – mastering
 * Junkie XL – producer, remixing
 * Kingsize – remixing
 * DJ Dano – remixing
 * Greg Reely – producer, mixing
 * Colin Richardson – producer
 * Cristian Wicha – design

Charts
Album - Billboard (United States)

title: Remanufacture – Cloning Technology


text:
Nsawam

Nsawam is a town in south Ghana and is the capital of the Nsawam-Adoagyire Municipal District, a district in the Eastern Region of south Ghana. The main ethnic group is Akan, followed by Ga and then Ewe. Nsawam is controlled by Nsawam-Adoagyire Municipal District (ASMD). As of 2013, Nsawam has a settlement population of 44,522 people. Nsawam is situated on the main railway between Accra and Kumasi and highway to Kumasi. It has Densu river acting as a border between itself and Adoagyiri. Densu River, is the main source of water for both domestic and industrial purposes for people in and around Nsawam.

Name
There are two other places in Ghana with the same name.

Security Prison
Nsawam is the location of Nsawam Medium Security Prison.

Secondary education
Nsawam has two major secondary schools – St. Martins Secondary School and Nsawam Secondary School. Nsawam has several prominent junior high schools, Prince Boateng Memorial School, Nana Osae Djan and Perseverance school complex debatably being the most prominent among others such as Rev. Father Wieggers Roman Catholic school, Presby kindergarten, Primary & JHS. Ignis School. Anglican A & B Basic school, Jerisam International School, Nsawam Methodist Basic School and Good foundation international school.

Higher education
Also situated in Nsawam are other schools, including Prince Boateng Memorial school, which runs from the nursery to senior high school and a vocational institute, in addition to BOPA College of Arts and Sciences, a private vocational school for young women where they learn sewing, catering and designing of clothing. In Nsawam there is also a Business Complex School dedicated to the grooming of Secretaries and entry-level business students. This school, Millennium Kings Academy, located on the Court Street, Nsawam, was established almost 30 years ago.

Healthcare
The town of Nsawam is the most preferred hotspot for health care in the Nsawam-Adoagyire Municipal as it houses the Nsawam Government Hospital, not far from the Nsawam Medium Security Prisons, New Life Hospital, Notre Dame Clinic all in Adoagyiri, and over five other recognised health centres

Train and road
Nsawam is served indirectly by a railway station on the Ghana national railway network, which serves as a link between Accra and Kumasi. Over the last decade, however, the coaches run, on the Accra-Nsawam route as the only relic from the glorious days of rail transport.

Nsawam serves as the major business center for most farming communities such as Pakro, Fotobi, Asiaw-Krom, Dobro, Nkyenekyene, Ahodjo, etc.

title: Nsawam


text: Talk:Remanufacture – Cloning Technology

title: Talk:Remanufacture – Cloning Technology


text:
Prionus

Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 is a genus of long-horned beetles of the subfamily Prioninae, tribe Prionini, widespread in Europe, Asia and North America.

Description

The members of this genus are large (25–70 mm) and usually brown or black.

All members of the genus Prionus have twelve or more strongly toothed or even flabellate antennomeres on their large antennae. The only species present in England is "the tanner", Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758).

Common North American species include the "tile-horned prionus", Prionus imbricornis, the "California root borer", Prionus californicus, and the "broad-necked root borer", Prionus laticollis.

Biology
The adults are nocturnal and are attracted to light, while their larvae feed on rotting wood or roots.

Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Prionus:

 * Prionus arenarius Hovore, 1981
 * Prionus aztecus Casey, 1912
 * Prionus californicus Motschulsky, 1845
 * Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
 * Prionus corpulentus Bates, 1878
 * Prionus debilis Casey, 1891
 * Prionus delavayi Fairmaire, 1887
 * Prionus elegans Demelt, 1972
 * Prionus elliotti Gahan, 1906
 * Prionus emarginatus Say, 1824
 * Prionus evae Demelt, 1972
 * Prionus evoluticornis Komiya & Nogueira, 2014
 * Prionus fissicornis Haldeman, 1845
 * Prionus flohri Bates, 1884
 * Prionus gahani Lameere, 1912
 * Prionus galantiorum Drumont & Komiya, 2006
 * Prionus geminus Santos-Silva, Nearns & Swift, 2016
 * Prionus heroicus Semenov, 1907
 * Prionus howdeni Chemsak, 1979
 * Prionus imbricornis (Linnaeus, 1767)
 * Prionus insularis Motschulsky, 1858
 * Prionus integer LeConte, 1851
 * Prionus komiyai Lorenc, 1999
 * Prionus kucerai Drumont & Komiya, 2006
 * Prionus lameerei Semenov, 1927
 * Prionus laminicornis Fairmaire, 1897
 * Prionus laticollis (Drury, 1773)
 * Prionus lecontei Lameere, 1912
 * Prionus mali Drumont, Xi & Rapuzzi, 2015
 * Prionus mexicanus Bates, 1884
 * Prionus murzini Drumont & Komiya 2006
 * Prionus nakamurai Ohbayashi & Makihara, 1985
 * Prionus ohbayashii Komiya, 2009
 * Prionus palparis Say, 1824
 * Prionus pocularis Dalman in Schoenherr, 1817
 * Prionus poultoni Lameere, 1912
 * Prionus puae Drumont & Komiya, 2006
 * Prionus scabripunctatus Hayashi, 1971
 * Prionus sejunctus Hayashi, 1959
 * Prionus sifanicus Plavilstshikov, 1934
 * Prionus simplex (Casey, 1912)
 * Prionus siskai Drumont & Komiya, 2006
 * Prionus sontinh Do, Drumont & Komiya, 2019
 * Prionus spinipennis Hovore & Turnbow, 1984
 * Prionus sterbai Heyrovsky, 1950
 * Prionus vartianorum Fuchs, 1967

title: Prionus


text:
Charles Eden (politician)

Charles Eden (1673 – 26 March 1722) was a British colonial official who served as the second Governor of North Carolina from 1714 until his death in 1722.

Governor of North Carolina
Eden was appointed governor of North Carolina on 28 May 1714. He is best known for his connections with various locally based pirates. Gentleman pirate Stede Bonnet and the notorious Blackbeard (Edward Teach) surrendered to Governor Eden and received the King's Pardon upon promising to change their ways. Both, however, would eventually return to piracy. In 1719 prominent North Carolinian Edward Moseley accused Governor Eden of profiting from Blackbeard's crimes. Moseley was arrested and fined for his accusations. Eden's secretary of the governor's council, Tobias Knight, was implicated when a letter written to Teach was found on the pirate's body at his death and by the fact that the cargo taken from a ship captured by Teach was housed in Knight's barn. Knight's letter mentioned the governor's desire to meet with Blackbeard and this was considered sufficient evidence that Eden colluded with the pirates, but no further proof was forthcoming. Four of Blackbeard's crew stated in depositions following their capture that they "went from Ocacock in a periange with Edward Thache to the house of Tobias Knight Secty of North Carolina and carried in the said periangor three or foure Caggs of Sweet meets Some Loaf Sugar a bagg of Chocolate and Some boxes the Contents of which they did not know that they got to the sd Knight house about Twelve or one a Clock in the Night." Eden presented an account of his dealings with Blackbeard to the provincial council, which accepted his pleas of innocence. Nevertheless, Eden's reputation has long been clouded by his connections to Blackbeard.

Eden died of yellow fever in Bertie County in 1722 at the age of 48. Edenton, North Carolina is named for him. His remains were later reinterred in the churchyard of St. Paul's Church, Edenton.

Personal life
Eden's step-daughter Penelope married Gabriel Johnston, the sixth governor of North Carolina. His great-grandson through that marriage was United States Congressman William Johnston Dawson.

In popular culture
Eden was featured as a character in the Hallmark Entertainment mini series Blackbeard, played by Richard Chamberlain. The film takes severe dramatic license, portraying Eden as the governor of New Providence, the island which is now the capital of the Bahamas, as opposed to his real occupation as the governor of North Carolina. The series also puts heavy emphasis on Eden's historically alleged trade with Blackbeard, while also creating the fiction that he conspired with colonial secretary Tobias Knight to arrange the murder of Eden's stepdaughter in order to claim her inheritance.

title: Charles Eden (politician)