text:
Talk:MSN Groups

Parts of this sound like advertisement ("another cool feature...", etc.). --Jim Henry | Talk 15:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Feel free to change it to make it sound like an article. Sorry if I made a mess of the article. • Thorpe •

re: "Another Cool Feature" That was how MSN referred to the various features, it isn't advertisement at all. . . anyone who has used MSN Groups would recognize that lingo and find it acceptable. Nuttybird2000 (talk) 11:50, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

MESSAGE TO Shattereddd --  WHY DID YOU DELETE MY ORIGINAL SCREENSHOT OF MSN GROUPS HOMEPAGE AND REPLACE IT WITH ONE THAT IS FULL OF SPONSORED ADS? I PUT A CLEAN SHOT OF MSN'S HOMEPAGE ON HERE, I WENT TO CONSIDERABLE TROUBLE TO GET A SCREENSHOT OF THE PAGE THAT WOULD BE FREE OF ADS AND JUNK AND HERE YOU COME ALONG AND PUT A CRAPPY AD-FILLED SCREENSHOT THERE? HOW DARE YOU? I DEMAND YOU RETURN MY SCREENSHOT TO ITS ORIGINAL PLACE ON THE MSN GROUPS ENTRY TO WIKIPEDIA. THANK YOU NUTTYBIRD2000 NUTTYBIRD2000@HOTMAIL.COM Nuttybird2000 (talk) 03:04, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

Seeking feedback on Google Groups article
Hello. I wrote an article about a related topic, Google Groups. As a new Wikipedia writer, I would appreciate any feedback on my article. Please help me by posting your feedback at the Article Feedback Desk. If you wrote an article and are seeking feedback on it, please post your article at the Article Feedback Desk as well. If you could suggest better ways for me to seek feedback on my article, do leave a note at my talk page. --J.L.W.S. The Special One 12:56, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Are SmartGroups and GROU.PS notable enough?
--R4ncid 07:25, 13 June 2007 (UTC) I don't think SmartGroups and GROU.PS are notable enough to deserve links.

If you agree with me, please remove the links from the article.

(Where exactly are those links????)
I will not do so myself because I am self-banned from editing Microsoft-related articles. To find out more, please read [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Internet_Explorer#Addition_to_Internet_Explorer_article_reverted. my discussion at Internet Explorer's talk page] (especially my concluding response on 24 April). Even though I have lost that dispute, I hope to learn from my mistakes, and would appreciate responses about the dispute on Internet Explorer's talk page.

--J.L.W.S. The Special One 08:35, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Not sure how helpme can help you here, you just have to be patient and wait for someone familiar with the content to take a look.--Commander Keane 08:38, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I often ask similar questions on article talk pages. I think there should be a version of helpme for article talk pages, for such situations, so I can stick to using helpme for my user talk.
 * Do you agree that neither SmartGroups nor GROU.PS is notable? SmartGroups doesn't even have an article. The GROU.PS article has been listed on AFD. In fact, I just removed the SmartGroups link from the Yahoo! Groups article. I'm not removing it from MSN Groups because, as mentioned earlier, after a dispute, I was self-banned from editing Microsoft-related articles. If you can't help, perhaps you should read the dispute (link above). I hope to learn from the dispute even though I lost it. --J.L.W.S. The Special One 08:46, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * We use Grou.ps and enjoy it a lot, they claim to have 32000 users on their main page, which makes them quite popular, no? And their Alexa rating is over 100K, which is again, a quite respectable number.. As for SmartGroups, I've first heard about it here, but they have even greater rating at Alexa, over 25K. However, Alexa's credibility is arguable of course. I'd suggest to add them both to See Also section.

2/25/07
Nuttybird2000 07:16, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Today I added a History and a Future section to the MSN Groups page. I added Headers and cleaned the page up, corrected some minor errors and obsolete info, and got rid of the external links to old MSN stuff (such as Chat). Auntie Canuck of Web Design provided me with the History information, as she was an original member of MSN.

To the person who complained about the Popular Groups external links: I don't see the problem. Those are ex-MSN run groups designed to help users create and maintain groups. I have now changed the name of that section to Official MSN Groups.

I also added MSN's CoC & ToU as well as Contact Info to report abuse at MSN.

More to come.

Abuse Email
Whoever changed the abuse email back gave the wrong email abuse@groups.msn.com sends emails to a public group not owned by MSN i have added the correct email again.

Poor Information
Poor information on the future of MSN groups, is this needed? its just an opinion and why add your name after adding content it doesnt benifit the article what so ever? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by R4ncid (talk • contribs) 18:01, 23 March 2007 (UTC).

== '''ok i delted the future of msn groups because it's true, it's NOT factual.

i sign my own entries to the article as anyone can.'''Nuttybird2000 21:25, 30 March 2007 (UTC) ==

Bullet Points?
This page is just bullet points, should this be more of an article? --R4ncid 18:32, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I've decided to fix this. However, I kept features with the bullet points. 68.82.245.213 (talk) 05:49, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Notable Groups
Removed kewl Chat spamming the article. Please make sure a group has reason to be Notable. --R4ncid 07:25, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

'Group Wars'
I'd like to ask whoever keeps adding that to stop. Your personal opinions are irrevelvant to the article. You're on Wikipedia now, not Groups, and you're detracting from the professional nature of this site. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.175.12.17 (talk) 19:54, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I have just checked the logs for the MSN Groups article and YOU are the one who is ALSO warring with others in the article. I have accordingly given you ALL two warnings and if you persist with this warring, you will be BANNED by an Admin! --Visa2007 08:34, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

The only thing I've done is deleted the bit about the Groups war. I received no prior warning about editing the page, and I don't believe I need one, since I was editing a POV bullet that wasn't even sourced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.175.12.17 (talk) 01:24, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * MY APOLOGIES! When I checked the history, etc earlier I could have sworn that it showed that you were also spamming/vandalizing, however when I just checked again, this is NOT the case and I sincerely apologise for any upset, etc caused to you. As you stated, you were only reverting the vandalism from the others. Time for an eye test for me I think! I have also just removed the warning from your Talk Page. SORRY! --Visa2007 05:00, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Hah, thank you. I'm sorry for any inconvenience I might've caused. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.175.12.17 (talk) 02:15, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Buggy
I am having a lot of difficulty using these groups. First of all, I can't get the MSN Groups homepage to even load. Secondly, when sending a message to a group, I receive an "Hmmm, We Can't Find that Page..." error. Thirdly, about every third page I navigate to is missing its stylesheet, so all I see is the stripped-down HTML minus backgrounds, images, special fonts, etc. What a load of crap! SharkD (talk) 02:36, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

World Groups
There's a link to World Groups on this page but it redirect us to MSN Groups. Duh! 70.81.167.56 (talk) 03:00, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

MSN - NEVER Forgiven
I for one will *NEVER* forgive MSN for cutting MSN-groups in such a callous and uncaring fashion. It has been a few years now but I'm still incensed by this completely unfeeling act - MSN appeared to give not a fig about these groups and the people who use them - these people were just ditched like a soiled undergarment! Surely MSN could have sold the whole bundle (as is) to some other unit. Why did they develop a new product that they knew was going to be completely incompatible with their currently running MSN-groups??? It was premeditated and they didn’t care. I guess they thought people would just re-sign up to the new version of their groups. I think they miscalculated badly. I think all their MSN-groups users simply moved to Facebook, I never looked back!! If the new groups was intended to compete with Facebook – nice own goal!! I'd never use another MSN social media site ever again, given the way they just dumped all their users last time. I’d be interested to know the figures on how many users MSN had (on MSN-groups) before it closed, and how many users they now have on the new version of MSN-groups (or whatever it is called now, Live???) and how many still use the migration site (multiply??)  - 118.127.16.226 (talk) 08:25, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

Reply to MSN-NEVER FORGIVEN! by RaysKid aka nuttybird2000 January 3, 2019

Years later, finally a reply to this, now it's still a lot of years since MSN GROUP closed, and I haven't visited this page in a very very long time. Back then, my user name here at Wikipedia was nuttybird2000 and I am responsible for some of the editing to the MSN GROUPS wiki page back then, and also, like so many others, had been an MSN GROUP member and manager from it's inception till it's closure!! I was LIVID when we were closed down the way we were!! Of course we didn't know it then, but as u imply, I also think it was done as a way to make room for the up and coming Facebook. At the time, there was My Space, but it didn't do so well. Of course once MSN closed Groups, there really wasn't anywhere else for people to go but to Facebook!? Was there? There has STILL NEVER BEEN a better format than MSNs was. We could create our own pages, we had almost complete control over our groups, could customize our pages - using Groups fun and creative and very social. Now everything is reduced to one boring format which Facebook totally manages, leaving page 'owners' no freedom of expression at all. I HATE FACEBOOK!! I only use it because it's the only format available for me to keep in touch with my long distance family members. The message format sucks because u can't keep track of message threads easily, messages disappear quickly, never to be seen again - and u can't help but get lost in the maze, to keep a group some w just joined members able to post. Well I could go on and on.. what I can't figure out is why no other entity has thought to recreate MSNs format so users could once again become involved in the creation and maintaining of their own groups, or blogs, or whatever. Even sites like wordpress are nothing like good old Groups were. It's dad. And I think Facebook must have bought MSN out so to get rid of groups. Remember they let us move all our stuff too MULTIPLY so we could supposedly maintain and store our stuff and all. But multiply no longer exists in that format and I certainly can't find all stuff I moved over there in a botched attempt to save my MSN GROUP photos (thousands, many of which were entrusted to my care by members of my reunion group) and other data, files, etc. Dam shame!

O! In reply to the question of approximately how many members MSN GROUP had at its peak (which it was in FULL PEAK right up to the date of closing) - idk how many except to say it operated WORLD WIDE, with probably hundred of thousands, if not millions, of users/members!

'RaysKid' - once known as  nuttybird2000 @ MSN GROUPS and Wikipedia

RaysKid (talk) 01:13, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:MSN Groups


text:
Vasily of Kostroma

Vasily Yaroslavich (1241 – January 1276 ) was a Grand Duke of Vladimir. He was the youngest son of Yaroslav II, he was given Kostroma by his uncle Svyatoslav III in 1246. As the eldest surviving grandson of Vsevolod III, he succeeded to Vladimir in 1272 and to Novgorod the following year. He was one of the first princes who didn't bother to leave their own town (i.e., Kostroma) and settle in Vladimir. His descendants continued to rule Kostroma for half a century after his death in January 1276.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Vasily of Kostroma


text:
The Paper (film)

The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton, Glenn Close, Marisa Tomei, Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for "Make Up Your Mind", which was written and performed by Randy Newman.

The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor's professional and personal life. The main story of the day is two white businessmen found murdered in a parked car in New York City. The reporters discover a police cover-up of evidence that the Black teenage suspects in custody are innocent, and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional, private and financial chaos.

Plot
Henry Hackett is the metro editor of the tabloid newspaper The New York Sun who loves his job, but has grown weary of the long hours and low pay. He also worries that he could become like his editor-in-chief, Bernie White, who put his work first at the expense of his family. Bernie reveals to Henry that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, and tries to track down his estranged daughter in an attempt to reconcile before his time is up.

Facing dire financial straits, the paper's owner has Henry’s nemesis, managing editor Alicia Clark, impose unpopular cutbacks. He is also clashing with his pregnant wife Martha, a fellow Sun journalist (currently on leave), over her fears that he won’t be around to help raise their child. She urges him to become an editor at the prestigious New York Sentinel, which would mean more money, respect, and fewer hours.

That morning, a hot story develops involving the murder of two white businessmen in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. A pair of African-American teenagers are arrested for the crime, but Henry and columnist Michael McDougal become skeptical after hearing cops criticizing the arrest on the newsroom police scanner.

Henry becomes obsessed with the case, pushing his staff to dig into the story. It leads him to blow his chances at the Sentinel when he cannot resist stealing information about the case while in the Sentinel newsroom interviewing for the job. Meanwhile, a source tells Martha that the businessmen were bankers who stole money from a reputed New York mobster, further convincing Henry that the Brooklyn youths were wrongly arrested.

Henry pushes to extend the deadline to get more time to nail the story, but Alicia refuses, citing the cost of overtime pay for the press workers and delivery truck drivers. With time running out, Henry and McDougal get a police detective to confirm that the suspects are innocent, and just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Returning to the Sun, Henry confronts Alicia, who refuses to let him stop the presses and run the right story. They have an awkward fistfight before Alicia prevails, then fires Henry.

After having a drink with McDougal at a journalist watering hole, Alicia has a change of heart. But before she can reach the press room on a pay phone, she is hit in the leg by a stray bullet fired by a drunk city official who had gone to the bar to confront McDougal over columns attacking him.

Meanwhile, Henry arrives home just as Martha is being rushed to the hospital for an emergency cesarean section. As doctors prep Martha for surgery, in another part of the hospital, Alicia insists on calling the Sun to change the front page before allowing doctors to treat her.

The next morning, Alicia lies in her hospital bed reading a copy of the Sun with the headline “They Didn’t Do It.” Henry stops by the nursery to see his newborn son named Porter, then goes to Martha’s room. As he lies down with her, a news anchor on the bedside radio reports that the youths have been released thanks to the Sun ' s exclusive scoop.

Production
Screenwriter Stephen Koepp, a senior editor at Time magazine, collaborated on the screenplay with his brother David and together they initially came up with "A Day in the Life of a Paper" as their premise. David said, "We wanted a regular day, though this is far from regular." They also wanted to "look at the financial pressures of a paper to get on the street and still tell the truth." After creating the character of a pregnant reporter (played by Marisa Tomei in the film) who is married to the metro editor, both of the Koepps' wives became pregnant. Around that time, Universal Pictures greenlighted the project.

For his next project after Far and Away (1992), Ron Howard was looking to do something on the newspaper industry. Steven Spielberg recommended that he get in touch with David Koepp. Howard intended to pitch an idea to the writer, who instead wanted to talk about how much he loved the script for his 1989 film Parenthood. The filmmaker remembers, "I found that pretty flattering, of course, so I asked about the subject of his work-in-progress. The answer was music to my ears: 24 hours at a tabloid newspaper." Howard read their script and remembers, "I liked the fact that it dealt with the behind-the-scenes of headlines. But I also connected with the characters trying to cope during this 24-hour period, desperately trying to find this balance in their personal lives, past and present."

To prepare for the film, Howard made several visits to the New York Post and Daily News (which would provide the inspiration for the fictional newspaper in the film). He remembers, "You'd hear stuff from columnists and reporters about some jerk they'd worked with ... I heard about the scorned female reporter who wound up throwing hot coffee in some guy's crotch when she found out he was fooling around with someone else." It was these kinds of stories that inspired Howard to change the gender of the managing editor that Glenn Close would later play. Howard felt the Koepps' script featured a newsroom that was too male-dominated. The writers agreed and changed the character's name from Alan to Alicia but kept the dialogue the same. According to David Koepp, "Anything else would be trying to figure out, 'How would a woman in power behave?' And it shouldn't be about that. It should be about how a person in power behaves, and since that behavior is judged one way when it's a man, why should it be judged differently if it's a woman?"

Howard met with some of the top newspapermen in New York, including former Post editor Pete Hamill and columnists Jimmy Breslin and Mike McAlary (who inspired Randy Quaid's character in the movie). They told the filmmaker how some reporters bypass traffic jams by putting emergency police lights on their cars (a trick used in the movie). Hamill and McAlary also can be seen in cameos.

Howard wanted to examine the nature of tabloid journalism. "I kept asking, 'Are you embarrassed to be working at the New York Post? Would you rather be working at The Washington Post or The New York Times?' They kept saying they loved the environment, the style of journalism." The model for Keaton's character was the Daily News' metro editor Richie Esposito. Howard said, "He was well-dressed but rumpled, mid-to-late 30s, overworked, very articulate and fast-talking. And very, very smart. When I saw him, I thought, that's Henry Hackett. As written."

The director also was intrigued by the unsavory aspect of these papers. "They were interested in celebrities who were under investigation or had humiliated themselves in some way. I could see they would gleefully glom onto a story that would be very humiliating for someone. They didn't care about that. If they believed their source, they would go with it happily."

In addition to being influenced by Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur's famous stage play The Front Page, Howard studied old newspaper movies from the 1930s and 1940s. Howard said, "Every studio made them, and then they kind of vanished. One of the reasons I thought it would make a good movie today is that it feels fresh and different."

One of Howard's goals was to cram in as much information about a 24-hour day in the newspaper business as humanly possible. He said, "I'm gonna get as many little details right as possible: a guy having to rewrite a story and it bugs the hell out of him, another guy talking to a reporter on the phone and saying, 'Well, it's not Watergate for God's sake.' Little, tiny – you can't even call them subplots – that most people on the first screening won't even notice, probably. It's just sort of newsroom background.

Box office
The Paper was given a limited release in five theaters on March 18, 1994, where it grossed $175,507 on its opening weekend. It expanded its release the following weekend to 1,092 theaters where it made $7 million over that weekend. The film went on to gross $38.8 million in the United States and Canada and $9.6 million in the rest of the world for a total of $48.4 million worldwide.

Critical response
The Paper received positive reviews from critics and holds an 89% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 37 reviews; the average rating is 7.2/10. The consensus states: "Fast and frenetic, The Paper captures the energy of the newsroom thanks to its cast and director on first-rate form." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 70 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on a scale of A+ to F.

In his review for The Boston Globe, Jay Carr wrote, "It takes a certain panache to incorporate the ever-present threat of your own extinction into the giddy tradition of the newspaper comedy, but The Paper pulls it off. There's no point pretending that I'm objective about this one. I know it's not Citizen Kane, but it pushes my buttons". Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "In the end, The Paper offers splashy entertainment that's a lot like a daily newspaper itself – hot news cools fast." Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B" rating and Owen Gleiberman praised Michael Keaton's performance: "Keaton is at his most urgent and winning here. His fast-break, neurotic style – owlish stare, motor mouth – is perfect for the role of a compulsive news junkie who lives for the rush of his job", but felt that the film was "hampered by its warmed-over plot, which seems designed to teach Henry and the audience lessons".

In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin was critical of the film. "Each principal has a problem that is conveniently addressed during this one-day interlude, thanks to a screenplay (by David Koepp and Stephen Koepp) that feels like the work of a committee. The film's general drift is to start these people off at fever pitch and then let them gradually unveil life's inner meaning as the tale trudges toward resolution." Rita Kempley, in her review for The Washington Post, wrote, "Ron Howard still thinks women belong in the nursery instead of the newsroom. Screenwriters David Koepp of Jurassic Park and his brother Stephen (of Time magazine) are witty and on target in terms of character, but their message in terms of male and female relations is a prehistoric one."

In an interview, New York journalist and author Robert Caro praised The Paper, calling it "a great newspaper movie."

Year-end lists

 * 10th – Christopher Sheid, The Munster Times
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Mike Mayo, The Roanoke Times
 * Honorable mention – Bob Carlton, The Birmingham News

title: The Paper (film)


text:
Gilchrist Olympio

Gilchrist Olympio (born 26 December 1936) is a Togolese politician who was a long-time opponent of the regime of Gnassingbé Eyadéma and was President of the Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Togo's main opposition party from the 1990s til 2013. Olympio is the son of Sylvanus Olympio, Togo's first President, who was assassinated in a 1963 coup. He is now an ally of the current regime of Faure Gnassingbe, the son of the late President.

Early life, business career, and early political career
Olympio was born in Lomé to a family of Ewe, Yoruba and Afro-Brazilian descent. He studied mathematics and philosophy in the United States, and in the United Kingdom at the London School of Economics and Oxford University, where he received a doctorate in economics. He worked at the United Nations in fiscal and financial studies from 1963 to 1964 and then as an economist for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1964 to 1970 and later returned to Africa to pursue business. Entering the Togolese political opposition, he was sentenced to death twice in absentia by the regime of Gnassingbé Eyadéma. Accused of plotting a coup together with various others, a warrant for his arrest was issued on 13 July 1979, but he could not be imprisoned because he was not in Togo.

Political career: 1991–2009
Olympio returned to Togo in July 1991 and participated in the Sovereign National Conference (Conférence Nationale Souveraine), which was held in July–August 1991. The conference put in place a new government and a transitional parliament.

He founded the Union of Forces for Change (Union des forces pour le changement), a federation of parties, on 1 February 1992. On 5 May 1992, his convoy was attacked in an ambush in Soudou, in the north of Togo; 12 people were killed, and Olympio himself was seriously injured, spending a year recovering in hospitals in France and the United Kingdom. Following the attack, Olympio lived in exile in Paris. An investigation by the International Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) found that Eyadéma's son Ernest Gnassingbé was in charge of the commandos who perpetrated the attack.

Prior to the August 1993 presidential election, Olympio rejected the choice of Edem Kodjo as the sole candidate of the Collective of Democratic Opposition (COD II), and on 23 July 1993, was designated as the UFC's presidential candidate. He was, however, disqualified from the election for non-compliance with medical certificates. He was a candidate in the disputed June 1998 presidential election, receiving 34.10% of the vote according to official results, in second place behind Eyadéma.

Olympio claimed to have won the 1998 election, however, and demanded that the election be held over again; he also wanted the March 1999 parliamentary election, which was boycotted by the opposition, to be held over again. He initially refused to attend the Inter-Togolese Dialogue held in Lomé in mid-1999 due to security concerns, but on 26 July 1999 he arrived in Lomé from Ghana to participate. Although the dialogue involved many political parties, Olympio demanded exclusive and direct talks between the UFC and Eyadéma's party, the Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), regarding the 1998 election. This did not happen, and other opposition parties complained that they would be marginalized by such talks between the UFC and the RPT. Olympio consequently returned to Ghana after spending only hours in Togo.

Under the terms of a 2002 constitutional amendment, all presidential candidates were required to have lived in Togo for at least one year prior to the election. This created a legal barrier to Olympio's candidacy in subsequent elections, since he had been living outside of Togo since 1992. In 2003, Olympio was deemed ineligible to run in the June 2003 presidential election by the electoral commission on the grounds that he did not have a certificate of residency and a recent receipt of tax payments. On 26 April 2003, Olympio returned to Togo, saying that he did not have any taxable income in Togo. Olympio appealed the electoral commission's decision to the Constitutional Court, but it ruled against him on 6 May. Emmanuel Bob-Akitani, the First Vice-President of the UFC, ran in place of Olympio; Eyadéma won the election.

After Eyadéma died in office in February 2005, Olympio said on 3 March 2005 that he had been chosen as the UFC candidate for the early presidential election that would be held as a result of Eyadéma's death. He was nevertheless barred from running, and Bob-Akitani again ran unsuccessfully as the UFC candidate in the April 2005 election.

Olympio campaigned across the country for the UFC in the October 2007 parliamentary election; his campaigning including a visit to Kara, Eyadéma's native area, on 9 October, which was considered unprecedented. On election day (14 October) he was reportedly exhausted and unable to vote for health reasons, leaving another to vote for him.

At the UFC's Second Ordinary Congress, Olympio was re-elected as National President of the UFC on 19 July 2008; he was also unanimously chosen as the party's candidate for the 2010 presidential election. Olympio said on this occasion that he accepted the "responsibility to lead the Togolese people to victory", and he denounced the RPT regime, saying that it had brought Togo to ruin through four decades of mismanagement and repression. He ultimately withdrew his candidacy, citing health reasons, and was replaced by Jean-Pierre Fabre as the UFC candidate.

2010 accord with the ruling party
In 2010, in the aftermath of the presidential election, while the FRAC leaders and activists demonstrated for several weeks to claim victory for Jean-Pierre Fabre, Gilchrist Olympio signed a political agreement for participation in a government of national recovery in a spirit of power sharing with the ruling party. This agreement, which granted seven ministerial portfolios to the UFC, caused an outcry among UFC activists, who considered it treachery. This unilateral decision taken without consultation with the national office of the party caused a severe crisis in the party. After an unsuccessful attempt by Fabre and allies to eject Olympio from UFC, the National Alliance for Change (ANC) led by Jean-Pierre Fabre and his companions was created in October 2010.

End of political Prestige
In the aftermath of 2013 legislative election, Fabre's ANC emerged as the main opposition party when its coalition (Sauvons le Togo) won 19 seats in the National Assembly. Olympio's UFC lost the electorate and won just three seats. Olympio remains President of the UFC but his standing in Togo's politics has become ambiguous, as he endorsed neither candidate in the 2015 presidential election.

title: Gilchrist Olympio


text:
2005 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21

The 2005 Tour de France was the 92nd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Fromentine with an individual time trial on 2 July and Stage 12 occurred on 14 July with a hilly stage from Briançon. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, on 24 July.

Stage 12
14 July 2005 — Briançon to Digne-les-Bains, 187 km

This Bastille Day stage saw a large breakaway with thirteen riders (top-ten plus Giunti Massimo, Stephan Schreck and Giovanni Lombardi) that gained over four minutes on the peloton. Included were the cycling sprinters Thor Hushovd and Stuart O'Grady. The escape was disorganised, with mostly Axel Merckx trying to set the pace and organise. On the Col du Corobin it was Merckx 's task to throw the sprinters off to minimize Robbie McEwen's green jersey point loss. At the same time in the peloton chased the sprinters. Sandy Casar escaped first on the ascent to the Col du Corobin, but is caught again. David Moncoutié tried next and manages around a 30" lead. Despite the rest chasing him he is holding them off. Moncoutié follows Richard Virenque's National Holiday stage win of last year.

Stage 13
15 July 2005 — Miramas to Montpellier, 173.5 km

Stage 14
16 July 2005 — Agde to Ax-3 Domaines, 220.5 km

Stage 15
17 July 2005 — Lézat-sur-Lèze to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet, 205.5 km

Stage 15 recap

Stage 16
19 July 2005 — Mourenx to Pau, 180.5 km

Stage 17
20 July 2005 — Pau to Revel, 239.5 km

Stage 18
21 July 2005 — Albi to Mende, 189 km

Stage 19
22 July 2005 — Issoire to Le Puy-en-Velay, 153.5 km

Stage 20
23 July 2005 — Saint-Étienne to Saint-Étienne, 55.5 km

Highlights:
 * Ivan Basso: Spent much energy in the first half of the race, which made him faster than Armstrong at the 14 km flag but in the end he was placed only fifth.
 * Michael Rasmussen: Defending his third place did not work out too well. Nearly everything that could fail, failed. First he slipped and fell at a rotonde after 4 km. This caused his specially calibrated bike to ride suboptimally. He demanded a new hind wheel, but instead got a whole new bike. Not happy with this bike, he had to wait for the mechanic to fix his personal bike. This caused him to panic, lose his self-confidence and his ability to cut curves. On a technical downhill part he saltoed into a ditch. In total, he changed his bike two times and his wheels two times.
 * Santiago Botero: Missed a curve.

Stage 21
23 July 2005 — Corbeil-Essonnes to Paris Champs-Élysées, 144.5 km


text:
Germaine Lindsay

Germaine Maurice Lindsay (23 September 1985 – 7 July 2005), also known as Abdullah Shaheed Jamal, was a British terrorist who acted as one of the four Islamist suicide bombers who detonated bombs on three trains on the London Underground and a bus in central London during the 7 July 2005 London bombings, killing 52 people plus themselves, and injuring more than 700. Lindsay detonated the bomb that killed himself and 26 other people on a train travelling on the Piccadilly line between King's Cross St Pancras and Russell Square tube stations.

Biography
Lindsay was born in Jamaica; after moving to Britain at age five, he lived in Dalton, West Yorkshire, where he attended Rawthorpe Junior School and Rawthorpe High School. He subsequently moved to Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.

Lindsay had converted to Islam shortly after his mother, Maryam McCleod Ismaiyl, converted to the faith in 2001 and encouraged him to do the same. He worked part-time as a carpet fitter and supplemented his income by selling covers for mobile phones at a local market.

In October 2002, Lindsay married a 29-year-old woman from Kinnitty, County Offaly, Ireland, in a traditional Islamic religious ceremony, which had no legal recognition in the UK. Because she objected to Lindsay's wish to take a second wife, he divorced her eight days later to marry Samantha Lewthwaite on 30 October. Lewthwaite, a native of County Down, Northern Ireland, had converted to Islam at the age of 17 after moving to Aylesbury. Lewthwaite lived with him and gave birth to their second child two months after his death.

Abdullah el-Faisal, an imam convicted of attempting to incite sectarian murders in 2003, later claimed to have been close to Lindsay.

Wife
Lindsay's wife, Samantha Lewthwaite, denied his involvement until authorities produced forensic evidence to confirm his identity. She later said she abhorred the attacks and that her husband's mind had been poisoned by "radicals".

By 2015, she had been accused of causing the deaths of more than 400 people as the right hand of the al-Shabaab leader Ahmad Umar. Now dubbed the 'White Widow', Lewthwaite is an alleged member of the Somalia-based radical Islamic militant group Al-Shabaab.

Involvement in London bombings
Lindsay detonated his bomb, killing 25 people including himself, on a train travelling between King's Cross St Pancras and Russell Square stations.

House arson
On 22 July 2005, police and fire services were called to Lindsay's home in Aylesbury after neighbours reported a strong smell of petrol coming from it. It was suspected to be a retaliatory arson attack on the empty property. Later it was revealed in the local press that Lindsay's wife and son were living under "police protection" and would not be returning home. In December 2005, two 17-year-olds were convicted at Aylesbury Crown Court of arson in circumstances where they were reckless as to whether the life of another person would be endangered and each sentenced to 18 months youth detention with a training order.

title: Germaine Lindsay


text:
Charleston-class amphibious cargo ship

The Charleston-class amphibious cargo ships were a class of amphibious cargo ships in service with the United States Navy. These ships served in Amphibious Readiness Groups between 1968 and 1994. The ships were the last amphibious cargo ships built for the U.S. Navy, their role having been taken over by the San Antonio-class of amphibious transport dock.

Service
Built in the late 1960s, these ships participated in the Vietnam War. Four of the five ships in the class had been transferred to the reserve fleet in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The need for additional sealift capacity resulted in all four being returned to the active fleet in 1982. They were among the first Navy ships to have a fully automated main propulsion plant (600-pound pressure with superheat, known as a "Super Six."). The lead ship of the class, USS Charleston (LKA-113) was decommissioned in 1992, and was joined by USS St. Louis (LKA-116) in November 1992. The remaining ships were decommissioned in 1994. All ships were mothballed for possible activation in the future.

Design
The assigned mission of the amphibious cargo ship was to transport and land combat equipment and material with attendant personnel in an amphibious assault. To optimize their capability for combat loading, they provided considerable flexibility in cargo stowage methods. The cargo elevators servicing holds 1, 3, and 4 made all categories of supplies and all levels available simultaneously to either the main deck or the helicopter platform. Use of the ship's forklifts and pallet transporters sped the maneuvering of cargo in the holds and enabled delivery to various debarkation stations via the main deck passageways, which ran the length of the ship. The arrangement and quantity of booms and cargo elevators made it possible to simultaneously embark/debark vehicles and cargo.

Vehicles in upper stowage spaces could be embarked/debarked through the hatches with cargo booms, while pallets were embarked/debarked in lower stowage spaces by elevators. The main deck hatch of hold 2 was unobstructed and could be opened for embarking/debarking of vehicles without the delay of unloading landing craft stowed on the hatch. Hold 4 was well suited for high priority cargo because of its direct access to the flight deck or main deck via elevator number 5.

title: Charleston-class amphibious cargo ship


text:
The Time (The Time album)

The Time is the 1981 debut album by the Time. The album was largely produced and arranged by Prince, credited as Jamie Starr. Three singles came from the album: "Get It Up", "Cool" and "Girl", with the first two charting within the top ten on the R&B charts.

Recording
Although the individual members of the Time are credited with playing their instruments, the music was almost entirely performed by Prince. The only instrumental performances not by Prince were by Dr. Fink, who played synthesizer solos on "Get It Up" and "The Stick", and Morris Day, who played drums for the majority of the album. Day also sang lead vocals, replacing Prince's guide vocals.

The credits list the recording studio as the fictional "Time Studio", but recording took place in Prince's Kiowa Trail Home Studio, Chanhassen, Minnesota, during April 1981. "Oh, Baby" had originally been recorded during the Prince album sessions from late April to 13 June 1979, at Alpha Studios, Burbank, California, but the version on the album is from the April 1981, sessions.

Commercial performance
The album peaked at number 50 on the Billboard 200 and number seven on the Top Soul LPs charts. The album spent a total of 32 weeks on the Billboard 200 and 45 weeks on the R&B Albums chart. The album was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States.

Track listing
The original LP and singles gave no writer credits, only stating that "All Jams Published by Tionna Music". However, all compositions were registered with ASCAP, and the writer credits are derived from that source. All tracks written by Prince unless where noted.

Personnel
Credits sourced from Prince Vault and Guitarcloud The album was mixed at Hollywood Sound Recorders, Los Angeles, California, April 1981
 * Morris Day – lead and backing vocals, drums (2, 4-6)
 * Prince – backing vocals (all but 2), electric guitars (all tracks), Oberheim OB-X (1, 3, 4, 6), ARP Omni (all but 5), Yamaha CP-70 electric grand piano (2, 5, 6), bass guitar (all tracks), drums (1, 3), percussion (1, 3, 4, 6), engineer, mixing (uncredited)
 * Dr. Fink – Oberheim OB-X (1, 6)
 * Lisa Coleman – backing vocals (4, 6) (listed as "various girlfriends")
 * Sue Ann Carwell – backing vocals (1, 4) (listed as "various girlfriends")
 * Bernie Grundman – mastering
 * Al Beaulieu – photography

Singles and chart placings

 * "Get It Up" (No. 6 R&B)
 * 1) "Get It Up" (edit)
 * 2) "After Hi School"

 * "Cool" (No. 90 US Hot 100, No. 7 US R&B)
 * 1) "Cool" (edit)
 * 2) "Cool" (Part 2)

 * "Girl" (No. 49 R&B)
 * 1) "Girl" (edit)
 * 2) "The Stick" (edit)

title: The Time (The Time album)


text:
Everybody Hates Chris

Everybody Hates Chris (stylized as everybody hates chris) is an American semi-autobiographical sitcom created by Chris Rock and Ali LeRoi and originally broadcast on UPN and The CW from 2005 to 2009. The series is based loosely on Rock's personal experiences as a teenager living in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City from 1982 to 1987. However, Rock's real-life adolescence took place from 1978 to 1984, having been born in 1965.

The series' title is a parody of the CBS sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. It was originally developed to air on FOX before being passed over to the UPN. The series was shown on UPN for its first season until it was moved to the CW, where it aired its remaining three seasons. In 2009, Rock announced that the series' ending suited his own past and he felt it was time to end the story. It received acclaim from both critics and audience for its writing, directing, humor, tone, and performances of the cast.

Characters

 * Tyler James Williams as Chris, a skinny, nerdy, black teenager – portraying Chris Rock in his younger years.
 * Terry Crews as Julius – Chris' caring, hard-working, penny-pinching father.
 * Tichina Arnold as Rochelle – Chris' antagonistic, temperamental mother.
 * Tequan Richmond as Drew – Chris' easy-going, good-looking, popular, athletic, bigger, younger brother.
 * Imani Hakim as Tonya – Chris' little sister, spoiled by her father, and often spiteful to Chris.
 * Vincent Martella as Greg Wuliger – Chris' small, smart/nerdy white schoolmate.

Synopsis
The show is a family sitcom, patterned on Chris Rock's recollection of his teenage years growing up in the 1980s with a wholesome, tight-knit, African-American family, while living in drug-and-gang infested Bedford–Stuyvesant, a neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, and also attending a cross-town, all-white public junior high school.

The real-life Chris Rock provides intermittent narration throughout the show, at times interjecting his young self's thoughts or sometimes simply recounting the situation he's describing.

Chris's family is firmly dominated by strong, loving parents: Julius, a hard-working, frugal laborer who works two jobs while remaining carefully loyal to his wife,   Rochelle, a conscientious and powerful housewife (later the manager of a beauty salon) and mother who is fiercely protective of the family, while also being fiercely demanding of all in it, especially eldest son Chris.

The series starts just after the parents have moved their children "out of the [low-income housing] projects," and into a more-upscale two-story apartment in Brooklyn's Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood—known for its roughness as "Bed-Stuy, do-or-die."

Chris is a skinny, nerdy young teen. His mother decides to send him to a mostly-white school across town ("two bus rides away") in an ethnic-Italian neighborhood to ensure he gets a better education. The school is slyly named "Corleone Junior High School" (an apparent reference to the fictional Corleone mafia family from the movie The Godfather or its real-life parallel, the Corleonesi).

Chris finds the new school difficult to adjust to because of social ostracism and the ire of a red-haired bully named Caruso. Ms. Morello, a well-meaning white teacher, treats Chris with naive, condescending assumptions derived from crude racial/ghetto stereotypes. She later becomes the principal of Chris's high school. The bright spot in school is Chris's best friend, Greg (played by Vincent Martella)—a smaller but similarly nerdy white kid.

At home, Chris is often left in charge of his siblings—his younger-but-bigger brother, Drew, and an ornery little sister, Tonya. Mother Rochelle usually keeps a firm grip on the family, while their exhausted breadwinner father, Julius, struggles to catch a little sleep between jobs.

Chris interacts with various characters in the neighborhood—diverse personalities based on real people Rock would see as a kid in his community. These personalities include some hoodlums who try to take advantage of him, a demented old homeless man nicknamed Kill Moves, a shrewd, miserly-but-grandfatherly storekeeper named Doc, and Doc's neurotic, paranoid, combat-veteran nephew Monk. For several episodes, an overbearing neighbor lady is played by Whoopi Goldberg, grandmother of Tasha, a pretty girl, next door.

The show—laced with comedy and farce—is primarily about adolescence and family life in inner-city poverty, the determined struggles of good, decent parents to provide a better life and values for their family, and the challenges their children present to them, and to each other.

U.S. broadcast history
UPN
 * September 22, 2005 – May 11, 2006: Thursdays 8:00 PM/7:00 PM (new)

The CW
 * October 1 – 8, 2006: Sundays 7:00 PM/6:00 PM (new)
 * October 16, 2006 – December 10, 2007: Mondays 8:00 PM/7:00 PM (new)
 * March 2, 2008 – May 18, 2008: Sundays 8:00 PM/7:00 PM (new)
 * October 3, 2008 – May 8, 2009: Fridays 8:00 PM/7:00 PM (new)
 * September 2009 – present: syndication

Syndication
The show aired regularly on broadcast TV during the week, and aired on Fox, MyNetworkTV and The CW affiliates. The show started airing on September 7, 2009, on Nick at Nite, becoming the youngest syndicated show on Nickelodeon. The series has since aired on TeenNick, TV One, Up, MTV2, VH1, BET, BET Her, and Fuse, Bounce TV and Laff (TV network). The series currently airs on the free-to-air DABL network.

In Canada, the show has aired on the networks YTV and Much. In the UK, the show has aired on Channel 5, Paramount Comedy 1 and now Sky Comedy. In Brazil, the series premiered on RecordTV in October 2006 and, as of 2022, reruns are still regularly broadcast on Sundays due to its immense popularity in the country.

In Kenya, the show aired on Kenya Television Network between 2006 to 2009. Between 2006 to 2008 the series use to air on Sunday at 7:35 am. In 2009, the show used to air on the same TV channel on Saturday 7:35 am.

Awards
Everybody Hates Chris won NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series (for Ali LeRoi), Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series (for Tichina Arnold), and Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series (for Tyler James Williams). It has also been nominated for a Golden Globe and three Emmy Awards. In December 2008, Entertainment Weekly listed the Kwanzaa episode from this show as seventh on the magazine's "Must List: 10 Holiday Things We Love."

Home media
All four seasons of Everybody Hates Chris were released on DVD by Paramount (under the label CBS DVD) in Region 1 and Region 2. The complete series was released on DVD on August 18, 2009.

Streaming
The series is available to stream on Paramount+, Amazon Prime Video (through Paramount+), Hulu and Peacock, and can be streamed for free on Crackle, CW Seed, ITV X, Pluto TV, and Tubi. The series is often streamed with Season 1 incomplete, but Paramount+ and Peacock now have the complete season set.

The series is also available to be purchased on the iTunes Store, Google TV, YouTube, and Vudu.

In Mexico the series is available to stream on HBO Max.

Reboot
In March 2021, an animated reboot of the series was announced to be in development with Chris Rock returning as narrator. In July 2021, Sanjay Shah, executive producer and co-showrunner of Central Park, was reported to be writing and producing the reboot. In August 2022, it was reported the animated reboot would be titled Everybody Still Hates Chris. In June 2024, casting was announced with Rock, Crews and Arnold reprising their roles, and new additions including Tim Johnson, Jr. as Young Chris, Ozioma Akagha as Tonya, Terrence Little Gardenhigh as Drew, and Gunnar Sizemore as Greg. It will premiere on Comedy Central in 2024 and will be released on Paramount+ at a later date.

title: Everybody Hates Chris


text:
Phoebe Snow (character)

Phoebe Snow was a fictional character created by Earnest Elmo Calkins to promote the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. The advertising campaign was one of the first to present a fictional character based on a live model.

Advertising campaign
Rail travel around 1900 was tough on the clothing of passengers. After a long trip on a train hauled by a bituminous coal-fired steam locomotive, travelers would frequently disembark covered with black soot. This usually wasn’t the case when the locomotive burned anthracite, a cleaner-burning type of coal. The Lackawanna owned vast anthracite mines in Pennsylvania, and up until World War I, burned anthracite in their passenger locomotives. Hence the road could legitimately claim that their passengers’ clothing would remain clean after a long trip.

To promote this, the Calkins advertising department created, "Phoebe Snow", described as "a young New York socialite, and a frequent passenger of the Lackawanna." The advertising campaign presented Miss Snow as often traveling to Buffalo, New York, and always wearing a white dress. Calkins said he based the campaign on an earlier series of Lackawanna car cards (advertisements displayed inside coaches) - All in Lawn - created by DL&W advertising manager, Wendell P. Colton. They had been built on a rather limiting nursery rhyme, The House That Jack Built, and featured a nameless heroine dressed in white. For his new campaign, Calkins adopted a form of verse inspired by an onomatopoetic rhyme, Riding on the Rail, that he felt offered endless possibilities.

The first advertisement featured the image of Phoebe Snow and a short poem:
 * Says Phoebe Snow
 * about to go
 * upon a trip to Buffalo
 * "My gown stays white
 * from morn till night
 * Upon the Road of Anthracite"

Phoebe soon became one of the most recognized advertising mascots in the United States, and in further campaigns she began to enjoy all the benefits offered by DL&W: gourmet food, courteous attendants, an observation deck, even onboard electric lights:
 * Now Phoebe may
 * by night or day
 * enjoy her book upon the way
 * Electric light
 * dispels the night
 * Upon the Road of Anthracite

In 1903, filmmaker Edwin Porter parodied the advertising campaign with his short film A Romance of the Rails.

"Phoebe Snow" was the only name Calkins ever used in the advertisements, and he laughed at later claims by Lackawanna officials that the name was selected only after lengthy scientific experimentation. The original artwork was painted by Henry Stacy Benton, who worked from a series of images of a model, Marion Murray Gorsch. Later, she was photographed in a variety of railroad activities while dressed in a white gown. Standing in for the cool, violet-corsaged Phoebe character of the paintings, Gorsch was one of the first models to be used in advertising.

During World War I, anthracite was needed for the war effort and its use as a fuel by railroads was prohibited, thus ending the career of Phoebe Snow. As she passed into legend, the Calkins heroine said farewell with the following jingle:

 * Miss Phoebe's trip
 * without a slip
 * is almost o'er
 * Her trunk and grip
 * are right and tight
 * without a slight
 * "Good bye, old Road of Anthracite!"

Name revival
On November 15, 1949, the Lackawanna Railroad inaugurated a new streamlined passenger train named after its long-dormant promotional symbol. The new Phoebe Snow represented the modernization of the Lackawanna passenger train fleet, and its image. The new train became Train No. 3 (westbound) and No. 6 (eastbound), which previously had been assigned to the railroad's formerly premier train, the Lackawanna Limited. The Phoebe Snow ran on a daylight schedule between Hoboken, N.J., and Buffalo, N.Y., a trip of 396 miles (639 km), in about eight hours. The train was discontinued in 1966.

The singer Phoebe Snow took her stage name from the character.

The 2014 oratorio Anthracite Fields commemorates the history of anthracite mining and, in its final movement, makes reference to the Phoebe Snow campaigns using original quotes.

Brandy Alexander
The Brandy Alexander, a cocktail containing cognac, crème de cacao and cream, was said to have been created for a dinner celebrating Phoebe Snow. The bartender at Rector's, Troy Alexander, was looking to create a white drink to mimic Phoebe's white attire.

title: Phoebe Snow (character)


text:
Wouldn't Change a Thing

Wouldn't Change a Thing may refer to:

 * "Wouldn't Change a Thing" (Kylie Minogue song)
 * "Wouldn't Change a Thing" (Camp Rock song)
 * "Wouldn't Change a Thing", a 2004 song by Haven

title: Wouldn't Change a Thing


text:
Talk:Lord Darcy (character)

Later short stories
Is it possible to acquire the later short stories "The Bitter End" and "The Spell of War" without having to purchase a copy of the omnibus (since I already have the three previous books)? —Phil | Talk 15:53, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

"The Spell of War" is included in the volume "The Best of Randall Garrett". As far as I know, "The Bitter End" can only be obtained in the omnibus, or in its original 1978 magazine appearance.

Check out the Gutenberg site. They seem to have most (all?) of Garrett's stories posted. I assume the copyrights have expired. Klausner (talk) 06:01, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Ossification?
Is it fair to say Lord Darcy's world is ossified? It's conservative, but it's not stagnant. Avalon 04:28, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Name
What's his actual name? Jooler 10:33, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Not given in the stories by Garrett, as far as I can tell. (At least not in the Baen omnibus edition.)  He's referred to as "Lord Darcy" in all except "The Spell of War", where he's referred to as "Lieutenant Darcy".  -- Kazrak 17:50, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * He met someone and greeted him by his first name; the other called him "Darcy". In one story he thought that "Mama Darcy's little boy" might wind up fighting savages in New France.  The only name we have ever seen for him is Darcy in some form or another. Steveha 05:46, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Being addressed by his title is standard British usage (see Shakespeare, etc.). It is not impossible that he is, oh, Desiderius D'Arcy, Lord Darcy, but he could just as well be Aelfrid Holmes, Lord Darcy; Garrett doesn't seem to have left us any clues. -- Orange Mike 20:38, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * One possible clue relates to his coat-of-arms as described near the end of Too Many Magicians. Unfortuantely, I don't know enough heraldry to interpret the description; can anyone help? Murray Langton 22:01, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't have a copy of the novel handy; but if you transcribe the blazon, I'll try; I'm a fair book herald (35 years in the SCA and all).-- Orange Mike 22:16, 13 December 2006 (UTC) (a/k/a Lord Inali of Tanasi, G.D.H.)

 * From the very last paragraph: "Lord Darcy's personal arms: Ermine, on a fess gules, a lion passant gardant or."Murray Langton 06:22, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Brittany_coa.png|80px|right]]That's a shield of ermine (white fur with little black tails), bisected by a broad red horizontal stripe taking up about one-third of the field. On that stripe is a gold heraldic lion walking, with his face turned towards you. The interesting thing about this is that the royal arms of England are [[Image:England-Richard-I-Arms.svg|80px]]: three of the gold "lions of England" on red; so there is an implication of a link to the royal family, somewhere back in the past. Interesting, but no hint as to his name. -- Orange Mike 14:47, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I've heard that Garrett used that shield in the SCA before giving it to Darcy. —Tamfang 00:50, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * And a field ermine often alludes to the duchy of Brittany. —Tamfang (talk) 22:47, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

List of in-jokes?
Randall Garrett loved to insert in-jokes, such as "Bontriomphe" for the character who is much like Archie "Goodwin". The preface to the combined Baen collection of Lord Darcy stories says that the novel Too Many Magicians contains three punning allusions to the TV show The Man from U.N.C.L.E. I just re-read the whole novel and I was unable to spot these puns... if anyone knows them, I'd love to see them listed in the Lord Darcy entry. There was a reference to the Pink Panther in a later story, and when I find it again, I'll put it in the entry. Steveha 04:53, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * The Pink Panther reference is in the short story "The Bitter End", the bumbling Sergeant-at-Arms is named Cougair Chasseur (cat chaser), for to Inspector Clouseau. Klausner (talk) 03:20, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The Polish refugee Tia Einzig (Tia "Single" or "Solitary" or "Solo") is worried about her uncle, Neapeler Einzig (Napoleon Solo). She learns that he has escaped and is safe. She discovers he is on the Isle of Man. Her uncle is Napoleon Solo, the uncle from Man. Avalon 05:03, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Capital! Thank you for that.  I think "Neapleler Einzig" is one, "The Uncle from Man" is another; and you gave me the place to look and I easily found one more.  Tia's uncle sent a friend to Tia.  The friend was "Goodman Colin MacDavid".  Napoleon Solo's partner was played by actor David McCallum. Steveha 05:42, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * also, Tia is Spanish for aunt. —Tamfang 00:52, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It should perhaps be explained that Neapel is the German name of Naples, and thus Neapeler can be literally translated Neapolitan. I don't know if the name Napoleon had any connexion with the city – but even if not I won't quarrel with the pun!  —Tamfang 03:26, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how many people are contract bridge players and Lord Darcy fans, but I've added one in-joke that would only make sense to a bridge player and which I've always recalled with pleasure. I've done this from memory, so if someone can identify the exact passage, that would be helpful. I'll make a note to dig out my copy of the collected Lord Darcy stories and identify the exact location.  There are other glancing references to contract bridge, but I can't remember them sufficiently exactly to add them; one has something to do with a "forcing bid".  Accounting4Taste 20:03, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Found my copy of the stories and one of the references; I've added it, and will continue to add them as I find them. Accounting4Taste 15:04, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Found the other reference, in the same story. Accounting4Taste 01:18, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Sherlock Holmes
The article says that Darcy resembles Sherlock Holmes in a number of ways, but I can't think of any, saving that both men are clever detectives and British. Darcy resembles Wimsey far more than he resembles Holmes. DavidJohns 03:00, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It's absolutely justified. Darcy is said to have the deductive facility in its highest form, and Holmes is always shown as a deductive reasoner.  Holmes has a lazy but brilliant brother Mycroft; Darcy has a lazy but brilliant cousin, the Marquis de London (who is also very obviously a Nero Wolfe pastiche).  Darcy on several occasions makes Holmes-esque comments (if I recall correctly, he once said something like "a relative of mine once said 'Once you have eliminated the impossible, what's left, however improbable, must be the truth.'"  The quote is from Holmes.)  Also, Darcy smokes a pipe, as does Holmes. (That one might be a stretch; lots of people smoke in the Lord Darcy stories.  Darcy's favourite pipe was described but I'm not sure whether it matched Holmes' favourite pipe.)  There are of course many differences; Holmes uses opium when bored and Darcy doesn't, Darcy is more prone to actual action than Holmes, and Holmes does all his own forensic investigation while Darcy relies on Master Sean.  Holmes is a monomaniac who cares only for investigating crime (when Watson tells Holmes that the Earth orbits the Sun and not vice versa, Holmes replies that he will now attempt to forget this information as it is not applicable to investigating crime and he doesn't want to clutter his memory uselessly!) while Darcy is a more well-rounded figure. Steveha 05:06, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Is Holmes's favorite pipe ever canonically described? —Tamfang 00:53, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's a subject that has triggered many an article! Briefly: no. He is quoted in one story taking down an "old and oily clay pipe, which was to him as a counsellor"; and mentions a briar in one; but the non-canonical calabash was purely a creation of his stage and film imitators. -- Orange Mike 17:02, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

I don't have a reliable source, but I knew Garrett personally, and he was quite open about the fact that Darcy was based on Holmes. Whether it comes across or not, it's what he intended. And since he made no secret about it, there might be some reliable sources out there--but I don't have one at hand. --Xtifr tälk 00:26, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

steampunk
Question: Is Darcey related in any way to the Steam Punk genre? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.205.70.173 (talk) 15:05, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

 * He's about thirty years too early, and shows none of the obsession with big brass machinery — but "in any way" is plenty broad, so I hesitate to say definitively 'no'. —Tamfang (talk) 23:51, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I would say not, he's more in the urban fantasy genre, or in the tradition of rationalized magic like de Camp's Compleat Enchanter series. -- Resuna (talk) 12:36, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

Mystery?
This article is in category but no other detective/mystery/crime/thriller-related category. And is not connected to wikipedia coverage of those detective/etc genres.

For some related comments see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Literature and Talk:Lord Darcy Investigates.

Nor are these Lord Darcy articles related to our coverage of England or Britain or France, as by any category or, etc. A setting so general as  or , in order to fit the 20th century Angevin Empire, would not help much if the link were followed, although simply reading the linkname might be educational. (I don't know the Lord Darcy facts, or whether any such thing is a no-no regarding alternate history, and I have no related comments elsewhere.) --P64 (talk) 23:11, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Back to the name...
This:

→''His full name is never given; he is always referred to by his title as the Lord of Arcy (i.e., Lord d'Arcy or Lord Darcy), even by his friends. He dresses in the style of an English aristocrat. He thinks of himself as English and yet Arcy seems to be a French place name. How he comes to be addressed as a "Lord" is never explained, though he seems deferential when dealing with other Peers such as Dukes, Counts, and a Marquis.''

seems unfair.

1) In "The Spell of War" (1979) his father is named as Coronel Lord Darcy

2) Garrett's works describe a totally catholic western Europe where the protestant reformation never happened. And the conference in "Too Many Magicians" (1966) seems to include catholic Priests, and then Rabbis and Imams (chapters 2 & 13), but not protestants of any sort. (No Eastern Orthodox either).

Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy describes a catholic who opposed Henry VIII's Reformation. DdD's coat of arms is different from our Darcy's, but if Garrett had come across DdD in a history book, he would have been most unlikely to know what his coat of arms was.

title: Talk:Lord Darcy (character)


text:
Charnwood Forest Canal

The Charnwood Forest Canal, sometimes known as the "Forest Line of the Leicester Navigation", was opened between Thringstone and Nanpantan, with a further connection to Barrow Hill, near Worthington, in 1794

It marks the beginning of a period of history that saw the introduction of railways to supplement canals and, in the end, superseding them, leading eventually to the Midland Counties Railway. It was also one of the first uses of edge-rails for a wagonway.

(This should not be confused with the Charnwood Forest Railway.)

Origin
Until the end of the eighteenth century the City of Leicester had received its supplies of coal by packhorse from the Charnwood Forest coal mines around Swannington.

However, in 1778, the Loughborough Canal opened up the River Soar from the Trent to Loughborough, and the opening of the Erewash Canal the following year allowed a ready supply of coal from the Nottinghamshire coalfields into Leicestershire at reduced prices.

In 1785, proposals to extend the Loughborough Canal south from Loughborough to Leicester were opposed by the influential Leicestershire coalmasters, even when a canal linking the mining area to the canal at Loughborough was also proposed. Gradually, however, they warmed to the idea and even came to consider a canal of their own linked to either Loughborough or the proposed Ashby Canal. By 1790 serious opposition to a branch canal from Loughborough to the coal field, known as the "Forest Line", had been won over and the following year the Leicester Navigation Company obtained an act of parliament to extend the Soar Navigation from Loughborough to Leicester, and to build the Forest Line.

The considerable height difference between Nanpantan and Loughborough would have required a number of locks, for which there was not enough water, so the canal terminated at Nanpantan where goods had to be transhipped onto a horse-drawn wagonway which connected to Loughborough wharf. The tramway was engineered by William Jessop who used an iron edge-rail railway, in contrast to his partner Benjamin Outram, who, for other such lines, preferred the traditional iron L-shaped flange-rail plateway.

Wagonways also linked the other terminus of the Forest Line at Thringstone to the coal mines and to the limestone quarries at Barrow Hill and Cloud Hill.

Considerable difficulties were encountered in constructing both the Soar Navigation and the Forest Line, and it was not until 1794 that they were both opened.

History
Use of the Forest Line was limited until the Blackbrook Reservoir feeder was finished. During the floods of 1799 this collapsed, destroying some earthworks and an aqueduct, and the canal went out of use for two years. Even after some repairs were carried out, further damage occurred and what little trade there had been did not return. Stevenson suggests "the problems ... stemmed partially from the hybrid nature of its construction." That is, it was part canal, part wagonway. However, note that Griffin has suggested that technical, financial and legal problems at the coal mines served by the canal caused the amount of coal to be carried to be reduced to uneconomic levels.

In 1808 the company sought to abandon the Forest Line but were advised that this would require a costly act of parliament, so they turned this down, and the unused canal became derelict. In 1830 the Leicester and Swannington Railway was authorised, which greatly affected the transport situation in the area. The canal company was dismayed to receive a formal request by the Earl of Stamford that the Forest Line be put into good order to carry limestone. A proposal was drawn up to convert the canal to a wagonway or railway throughout and a bill was presented to parliament but was opposed and was not passed. The company tried to sell off the land of the canal piecemeal but this was deemed to be illegal without an act of parliament. In the end a landowner who wanted to buy some of the land agreed to pay for a private bill and the Forest Line was officially abandoned in 1846.

After the canal's closure
It was not until 1832 that the opening of the Leicester and Swannington Railway allowed the Leicestershire miners to regain a competitive advantage. The Nottinghamshire coal miners responded to this by proposing a railway line extending from the Mansfield and Pinxton Railway, which had been opened in 1819. This eventually led to the building of Midland Counties Railway, which became a founding partner in the Midland Railway.

Subsequently the Charnwood Forest Railway (opened in 1883 and closed in 1963) took over part of the route of the Forest Line between Grace Dieu and Shepshed, including the aqueduct over the Blackbrook.

Remains of the canal can still be seen in places, particularly:
 * South of Osgathorpe, a section of the former towpath remains a public footpath from Snarrows Road, Osgathorpe alongside a good section of canal including a length of the junction, past the remains of the canal junction house ;
 * Embankments and pond south of Grace Dieu Priory.
 * The aqueduct over an accommodation track near the Blackbrook (subsequently modified and widened by the Charnwood Forest Railway) ;
 * A section of canal between the aqueduct and Tickow lane
 * A section of former towpath in Shepshed between Charnwood Road and Leicester Road;
 * The former towpath, now a public footpath from the back gardens of houses on Nanpantan Road, Nanpantan, over Snells Nook Lane, and across Longcliffe Golf Club.

title: Charnwood Forest Canal


text:
Joseph Parker (theologian)

Joseph Parker (9 April 1830 – 28 November 1902) was an English Congregational minister.

Life
Born in Hexham, Northumberland, Parker was the son of Teasdale Parker, a stonemason, and Elizabeth (née Dodd). He managed to pick up a fair education, which afterwards he constantly supplemented. In the revolutionary years from 1845 to 1850 young Parker as a local preacher and temperance orator gained a reputation for vigorous utterance. He was influenced by Thomas Cooper, the Chartist, and Edward Miall, the Liberationist, and was much associated with Joseph Cowen, afterwards MP for Newcastle upon Tyne.

At the time, he was wooing a local girl – Ann Nesbitt, daughter of William Nesbitt, a farmer of Horsley–on–Tyne. He referred to her as "Annie, the soul I loved, the girl that saved me, and made me a man". Horsley was about ten miles from Hexham, and he became acquainted with the Nesbitts through his preaching there, and Mr Nesbitt, a trustee and deacon of Horsley Congregational Church was especially interested in the young preacher, who, on Sunday nights, brought them the news of the town and slept in a "snug little chamber" in the old farmhouse.

Ann and Joseph were married on 15 November 1851 in Horsley Congregational Church, though Joseph was only twenty-one years old, and they had twelve years' happy married life – consisting of six months in Horsley, a year or two in London, five years in Banbury, and five in Manchester – until Ann died in 1863. However, when Horsley Congregational Church was rebuilt, Dr. Parker presented a beautiful stained glass window, bearing the following inscription: "In ever loving memory of Ann Nesbitt, for twelve years the devoted wife of Joseph Parker, Minister of the City Temple, London, this window is reverently and gratefully erected by the man whose life she did so much to mould". The pulpit of grained oak was given at the same time and was inscribed: "In grateful memory of William Nesbitt of Horsley Hills, to whom the Church herein assembling is deeply indebted for long-continued and invaluable service, this pulpit is affectionately erected by his son-in-law Joseph Parker." Both the stained glass window and the pulpit can still be viewed at Horsley Congregational Church. The site is now managed by The Hearth Centre (Horsley) Ltd locally known as The Hearth – see www.thehearth.co.uk. Regular church services are still held in the church.

In the spring of 1852 he wrote to Dr John Campbell, minister of Whitefield Tabernacle, Moorfields, London, for advice as to entering the Congregational ministry, and after a short probation he became Campbell's assistant. He also attended lectures in logic and philosophy at University College London. From 1853 to 1858 he was pastor at Banbury. His next charge was at Cavendish Street, Manchester, where he rapidly made himself felt as a power in English Nonconformity. While here he published a volume of lectures entitled Church Questions, and, anonymously, Ecce Deus (1868), a work provoked by Seeley's Ecce Homo. The University of Chicago conferred on him the degree of D.D.

In 1869, he returned to London as minister of the Poultry church, founded by Thomas Goodwin. Almost at once he began the scheme which resulted in the erection of the great City Temple in Holborn Viaduct. It cost £70,000, and was opened on 19 May 1874. From this centre his influence spread far and wide. His stimulating and original sermons, delivered with a ready command of vigorous English, made him one of the best known personalities of his time. Dr. Parker exchanged a number of friendly letters with Spurgeon, and was invited to speak on Spurgeon's fiftieth birthday. One of Spurgeon's biographers, A. Cunningham Burley, makes an extended comparison between Spurgeon and Dr. Parker; Burley wrote, "The wonderful thing is that these two men [Spurgeon and Parker], so strangely compounded, drew closer together as time went on. They learned (surely in the school of Christ) to praise each other's genius and to rejoice in each other's success."

Dr Parker was twice chairman of the London Congregational Board and twice of the Congregational Union of England and Wales. In 1887 he visited the United States, where he delivered a eulogy on Henry Ward Beecher, with whom he had been on very intimate terms. On 22 December 1864, Parker married Emma Jane, daughter of Andrew Common JP, banker, of Sunderland. Her death, on 26 January 1899, was a blow from which he never fully recovered. She was buried at the West Hampstead Cemetery.

Parker was commemorated by the Parker Memorial Congregational Church, which opened in November 1907 in Crowborough, East Sussex. The red-brick church, which cost £2,000, is now called the United Church and is used by the town's United Reformed and Methodist communities.

On his death (in London ) he was succeeded as minister of the City Temple by Reginald John Campbell.

Preaching
Parker's preaching differed widely from his contemporaries like Spurgeon and Alexander Maclaren. He did not follow outlines or list his points, but spoke extemporaneously, inspired by his view of the spirit and attitude behind his Scripture text. He expressed himself frankly, with conviction and passion. His transcriber commented that he was at his best when he strayed furthest from his loose outlines.

He did not often delve into detailed textual or critical debates. His preaching was neither systematic theology nor expository commentary, but sound more like his personal meditations. Writers of the time describe his delivery as energetic, theatrical and impressive, attracting at various times famous people and politicians such as William Gladstone.

Influence
Joseph Parker's chief legacy is not his theology but his gift for oratory. Charles Spurgeon praised his originality, writing, "Dr. Parker's track is his own and the jewels he lets fall in his progress are from his own casket." Alexander Whyte commented on Joseph Parker: "He is by far the ablest man now standing in the English-speaking pulpit. He stands in the pulpit of Thomas Goodwin, the Atlas of Independency. And Dr. Parker is a true and worthy successor to this great Apostolic Puritan." Among his biographers, Margaret Bywater called him "the most outstanding preacher of his time," and Angus Watson wrote that "no one had ever spoken like him."

Another writer and pastor, Ian Maclaren, offered the following tribute: "Dr. Parker occupies a lonely place among the preachers of our day. His position among preachers is the same as that of a poet among ordinary men of letters."

Writings
Parker was pre-eminently a preacher, and his published works are chiefly sermons and expositions. Among them are:
 * Hidden Springs (1864)
 * Ecce Deus: Essays on the Life and Doctrine of Jesus Christ (1868)
 * City Temple Sermons (1869–1870)
 * Ecce Homo: The Paraclete (1874)
 * The Inner Life of Christ (1881)
 * Apostolic Life (1884)
 * The People's Bible, in 25 vol. (1885–1895) later republished as Preaching Through the Bible
 * People's Family Prayer Book (1898)
 * Paterson's Parish (1898)
 * Christian Profiles in a Pagan Mirror (1898)
 * Studies in Texts, in 6 vol. (1898-1900)

Autobiographical works

 * Springdale Abbey, Extracts from the Letters and Diaries of an English Preacher (1869)
 * Tyne Chylde: My Life and Ministry, Partly in the Daylight of Fact, Partly in the Limelight of Fancy (1883; new ed., 1889)
 * A Preacher's Life (1899)

title: Joseph Parker (theologian)


text:
Never Too Late (Kylie Minogue song)

"Never Too Late" is a song written and produced by British production team Stock, Aitken and Waterman for Australian singer Kylie Minogue's second studio album, Enjoy Yourself (1989). Released on 23 October 1989, the song peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart (her first not to reach the top three in that country), number one in Ireland, and number 14 in Australia. It was later rerecorded for Minogue's orchestral compilation album, The Abbey Road Sessions, in 2012. Writer Mike Stock says he deliberately composed the song with "old fashioned" lyrical themes, imagining it the style of a 1920s number.

Background and release
Minogue allegedly wanted the album title track "Enjoy Yourself" to be released as the third single from that album, but Pete Waterman overruled her request and "Never Too Late" was released instead on 23 October 1989. The song debuted at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart and rose to its peak of number four the following week. Its low debut broke Minogue's run of seven consecutive top-two hits, but it became her eighth consecutive top-five hit single and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales over 200,000.

Critical reception
In 2023, Robert Moran of Australian daily tabloid newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald ranked the song as Minogue's 74th best song (out of 183), a song he described a "soaring disco number", adding "Not just a throwback, the energetic breakdown points to Kylie's burgeoning interest in Euro house".

B-side
Called "Kylie's Smiley Mix", the B-side is a continuous mix of her biggest hits from the Kylie album, and the 12-inch version includes these songs in sequence order: "I'll Still Be Loving You", "It's No Secret", "Je ne sais pas pourquoi", "Turn It into Love", "I Should Be So Lucky", "Got to Be Certain", and the whistle from the beginning of the 1988 mix of "The Loco-Motion". The 7-inch mix contains the above tracks omitting "I'll Still Be Loving You" and "It's No Secret". Remixer Tony King admitted to dissatisfaction with the initial mix, which was created under time pressure with limited resources.

Music video
Directed by Pete Cornish, the video showed Minogue in various costumes with her dancers in front of various backdrops – some of the costumes are as a cowgirl, '70s disco, Chinese dress with fans and as a 1920s flapper. The concept for the video was decided during a phone call between Minogue and Cornish, who both confessed they initially had no ideas about what to do next, before brainstorming the toy theatre concept. It was awarded the Logie for the "Most Popular Music Video" at the 32nd Annual TV week Logie Awards held in 1990 in Australia.

Live performances

Since its release, "Never Too Late" has only been performed on four of Minogue's tours. Its first appearance was in the Enjoy Yourself Tour. It featured a small dance before hand and then the original. Its next performance was not for 11 years when Minogue performed it on her On a Night Like This Tour in 2001, which was launched to promote Light Years. It was performed as part of "Hits Medley" which featured 5 songs from her PWL days: "Step Back in Time", "Never Too Late", "Wouldn't Change a Thing", "Turn It into Love" and "Celebration" respectively. It was then set to be part of her KylieFever2002 set list as a space age version to feature as the opening to the act entitled "Cybertronica", but was removed at the last minute. It made an appearance on Minogue's Kiss Me Once Tour in 2014. It featured in the "Dollshouse Medley" which featured four songs from her PWL days: "Hand on Your Heart", "Never Too Late", "Got to Be Certain" and "I Should Be So Lucky" respectively. In this segment of the show, Minogue began in a pink shawl and took a layer off at the beginning of each song, before ending in a corset and knickers to sing "I Should Be So Lucky" in a bath, alluding to a scene in the song's music video. More recently, it is performed on her Summer 2019 Tour.

Formats and track listings
CD single
 * 1) "Never Too Late" – 3:21
 * 2) "Never Too Late" (extended) – 6:11
 * 3) "Kylie's Smiley Mix" (extended) – 6:17

7-inch single
 * 1) "Never Too Late" – 3:21
 * 2) "Kylie's Smiley Mix" (7-inch version) – 3:59

12-inch single
 * 1) "Never Too Late" (extended) – 6:11
 * 2) "Kylie's Smiley Mix" (extended) – 6:17

Australian 7-inch single
 * 1) "Never Too Late" – 3:21
 * 2) "Made in Heaven" (Heaven Scent Mix) – 4:43

Australian 12-inch and cassette single
 * 1) "Never Too Late" (extended) – 6:11
 * 2) "Made in Heaven" (Heaven Scent Mix) – 4:43

title: Never Too Late (Kylie Minogue song)


text:
Hamburger Verkehrsverbund

The Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV) ("Hamburg Transport Association") is a transport association coordinating public transport in and around Hamburg, Germany. Its main objectives are to provide a unified fare system, requiring only a single ticket for journeys with transfers between different operating companies, and to facilitate and speed up travel by harmonising the individual companies' schedules. At its inception in 1965, the HVV was the first organisation of its kind worldwide.

As of 2010, the HVV provides rail, bus and ferry transportation for an area of 8,616 square kilometres with approximately 3.6 million inhabitants in the states of Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony. The HVV has approximately 1.95 million customers on an average working day.

The HVV acts as the overall coordinating body for transport in the conurbation, with representation by the Hamburger Hochbahn (Hamburg elevated railway); Deutsche Bahn (DB, German Federal Railways); AKN railway company (Altona-Kaltenkirchen-Neumünster Railway); HADAG Seetouristik und Fährdienst AG (HADAG sea-tourism and ferry service plc); VHH (Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein / Hamburg Holstein Transport Ltd), and KVG Stade (Kraftverkehrgesellschaft Stade, GmbH / Motor Traffic Company, LLC).

With an average of 50,000 commuters per day the Metrobus 5 bus line is the busiest in Europe. In the city centre, stops are served without a specific schedule every two or three minutes and since December 2005, extra long double-articulated buses have been used.

History
The HVV was founded on 29 November 1965, with the four initial partners, Hamburger Hochbahn AG (HHA), Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB), HADAG Seetouristik und Fährdienst AG and Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein (VHH). The first results that the new organisation delivered came on 1 January 1967 with a unified fare structure, pooling of receipts and coordinated systemwide timetables across all modes of transport.

Organisation
The public transport authorities (PTAs) are also the tendering organisations and owners of the limited liability company Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (GmbH). The Free and Hanseatic city of Hamburg (85.5%), the State of Schleswig-Holstein (3%), the State of Lower Saxony (2%) and the Districts Herzogtum Lauenburg, Pinneberg, Segeberg, Stormarn, Harburg, Lüneburg and Stade (9.5%) are these PTAs.

Rail transport
In 2006, the HVV organised 27 rapid transit rail lines with a length of 881 km, with the following operators:
 * AKN Eisenbahn (AKN)
 * S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH, part of Deutsche Bahn group, operating the Hamburg S-Bahn
 * DB Regio AG (Region Niedersachsen/Bremen), part of Deutsche Bahn group
 * DB Regionalbahn Schleswig-Holstein GmbH (RBSH)
 * Eisenbahnen und Verkehrsbetriebe Elbe-Weser, operating rail and bus services
 * Hamburger Hochbahn, operating the U-Bahn and many bus services in Hamburg
 * metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft
 * NBE nordbahn Eisenbahngesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
 * Nord-Ostsee-Bahn GmbH

Buses
The following companies operate bus services for the HVV:
 * Autokraft GmbH
 * Becker Reisen GmbH, operating two lines
 * Dahmetal KG
 * Globetrotter Reisen GmbH, operating two lines
 * KVG Stade GmbH & Co. KG
 * KViP Kreisverkehrsgesellschaft in Pinneberg mbH, operating in the district Pinneberg
 * LBB Linienbus Berkenthin GmbH, operating two lines
 * Ludwigsluster Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH
 * Mittelzentrumsholding Bad Segeberg-Wahlstedt GmbH & CO. KG, concessionaire for some lines operated by Autokraft
 * Omnibusbetrieb Storjohann GmbH & Co. KG]
 * Otto Strunk Omnibusbetrieb GmbH
 * RMVB Ratzeburg-Möllner Verkehrsbetriebe mbH
 * Reese Reisen GmbH
 * Stadtverkehr Lübeck GmbH (SL)
 * Stadtwerke Bad Oldesloe, Ratzeburg und Mölln
 * Süderelbe-Bus GmbH (SBG)
 * Verkehrsbetriebe Osthannover GmbH
 * Verkehrsbetriebe Buchholz i.d.N. GmbH
 * Verkehrsbetriebe Hamburg-Holstein (VHH)
 * VKP Verkehrsbetriebe Kreis Plön GmbH
 * VGS Verkehrsgesellschaft Südholstein mbH, operating one line
 * Zerbin Busreisen GmbH, operating one line

Ferries
HADAG Seetouristik und Fährdienst operates ferries on the Elbe river.

Other organisations

 * Stadtwerke Norderstedt, operating one night bus line and coordinating public transport in Norderstedt
 * Verkehrsgesellschaft Norderstedt mbH (VGN), owing the Norderstedt part of the underground line U1 and a railway line operated by Hamburger Hochbahn AG respective AKN

Fares
The unified fare system includes cash ticket sales (16%), season tickets (for week, month, or year) (72%) and disabled passengers, combined tickets, fare evaders, etc. (12%). In 2011, ticket revenue was €652.2 million. Cash tickets for one ride or the day can be bought at all railway stations, ferry slots or in all buses. There are also "family tickets" (for 2 adults and 3 children) or group tickets for up to 5 adults. The HVV offers travel passes ('ProfiCard'), and semester tickets for the students of all major universities, both heavily discounted. The HVV also offers tickets over mobile phones.

Most tickets are not transferable to other persons.

Special programs
The HVV offers a variety of types of weekly or monthly special fares.

School pupils, students, trainees and apprentices
For all public school pupils, tickets can be bought at the company service centers. Other schools need to be registered by the HVV. The semester tuition for most universities include the ticket pass. Trainees and apprentices need be registered by the chamber of commerce to get a season ticket.

Children
All children to the age of six are free of charge. For older children, seasonal tickets can be chosen.

Senior citizens
Weekly or monthly tickets for anybody 63 or older are sold at service centers.

title: Hamburger Verkehrsverbund