text:
KCAQ

KCAQ (95.9 FM, "Q95.9") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Camarillo, California and serves the Ventura County area. The station is owned by Gold Coast Broadcasting and airs a rhythmic contemporary music format. KCAQ was simulcast on AM sister station KKZZ (1520 AM) in Port Hueneme until August 2019.

Early years
The station at 95.9 FM began broadcasting on August 15, 1972 as KEWE with an automated soft rock format. Five years later, the station changed its call sign to KGAB and flipped to an album-oriented rock format known as "B96". In 1982, KGAB adopted the call letters KZTR and an adult contemporary format known as "K-Star". The station flipped to classic rock in 1987 with the branding "96ZTR".

In September 1988, Gold Coast Communications Corp. sold KZTR and AM sister station KCZN to Golden Bear Broadcasting Inc. for $1,967,500. This amount is comparable to the sum of the two stations' previous individual purchase prices in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Three years later, on July 10, 1991, the station changed its call letters to KELF to reflect its new regional Mexican music format branded "El Elefante".

KOCP (1995–2016)
On October 21, 1994, Gold Coast Broadcasting (not to be confused with the aforementioned Gold Coast Communications) purchased KELF and KKZZ from Golden Bear Broadcasting for $1.2 million. The following February, the station adopted the KOCP call letters and launched a classic rock format known as "95.9 The Octopus". Notable talent included Jeff Duran, who hosted the Duran Show in 2010.

On August 25, 2010, KOCP flipped to classic hits, identifying as "Rewind 95.9". The first song on Rewind was "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" by Michael Jackson. On August 29, 2014, KOCP adopted a rhythmic oldies format with the branding "Old School 95.9".

KCAQ (2016–present)
On July 1, 2016, KOCP swapped frequencies with sister station KCAQ, moving from 95.9 FM to 104.7 FM. This move brought the KCAQ call letters and rhythmic contemporary format to the 95.9 FM frequency, now rebranded "Q95.9".

On September 11, 2017, KCAQ began airing the nationally syndicated Tino Cochino Radio program originating from KKFR in Phoenix. From November 2018 to August 2019, KCAQ was simulcast on KKZZ (1520 AM), which dropped its adult standards format.

Transmission issues
KCAQ operates on the same frequency as KFSH-FM, a Class A station in La Mirada, California. The two stations are short spaced to each other as the cities they are licensed to serve are 63 miles apart. Under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules, the minimum distance between Class A and Class B1 stations operating on the same channel is 89 miles. As such, the station competes for signal strength along the outer edge of its broadcast area, particularly in the San Fernando Valley. This interference makes both signals generally unable to be received clearly in much of northwestern Los Angeles County.

title: KCAQ


text:
Template:Iraq War

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title: Template:Iraq War


text:
User talk:Mark Ironie

Leave a '''Ironie&action=edit&section=new new message. Please sign your message by typing four tildes, like this: ~'''

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Archive Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:58, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mark Ironie


text:
User talk:Flavius Aetius

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 05:47, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Ken Mehlman
Thanks for your comments re:Ken Mehlman. This guy Asbl is a real problem, seeking to inject his agenda into every article on Wikipedia. This is the third time this minor league vandal has caused an intense edit war on the same page since the end of August.Brian Brockmeyer 20:35, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

I have reported you for violating WP:3RR
You can find my report here. [] · Katefan0(scribble)/ my ridiculous poll 20:37, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked for violation of the three revert rule. Please feel free to return after the block expires, but also please make an effort to discuss your changes further in the future. Wikibofh

WP:AIV
Don't misuse WP:AIV. The sockpuppet tag stays, I'll protect your userpage if you remove it. NSL E  ( T + C + CVU ) 09:50, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I'll get someone to CheckUser. NSL  E  ( T + C + CVU ) 09:55, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Great.Flavius Aetius 09:56, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

I've asked Ichiro to stop adding the "sockpuppet" to your userpage - I am now asking you to stop making personal remarks, attacks and general uncivil behaviour. Those comments about Ichiro's standard of English are very rude and contribute to nothing. Thanks. Izehar 10:24, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Sock check is definitive. See I replaced the tag, along with a link to the sock check diff. · Katefan0(scribble)/ mrp 19:39, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flavius Aetius


text:
User talk:Andrew T.

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 05:48, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Hey Andrew!
This is Josh from the SillyDog701 forums! Welcome aboard! I hope you like it here! - Thanks, Hoshie 10:44, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Pbskids99 b.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pbskids99 b.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:54, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Pbskids99 a.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pbskids99 a.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:54, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Get rid of the images! That was a stupid page anyway.  I don't care. --Andrew T. 04:43, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andrew T.


text:
User talk:Jediarchives11

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 05:48, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Hello
Seems like you have already been thanked enough, but I might as well add to the list. I have actually been around for a couple months now, just reading about wikis and what to do to create my own wiki. I just decided to ask a question now, which is why I signed up. Thanks again. Jediarchives11 16:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Congratulations on your decision to create an account! It is the best way to "feel the full wiki experience". :) If you have questions or doubts, please don't hesitate to ask!-Poli (talk • contribs) 21:47, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Using the edit counter on your wiki
If you can put a CGI script on the same server and database as your wiki, using either kate's or my edit counter would work fine. You probably have only one wiki, so you'd probably want to remove teh database-selection drop-down, and change the line ZedlerUtils::use_database($dbname) to ZedlerUtils::use_database("whatever_your_wiki_DB_is"). --Interiot 04:29, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. Where/How do I get the actual script, though?  --Jediarchives11 05:01, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The source for mine is here:   .  You don't need the last two if you don't want the graphs.  --Interiot 15:23, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Invitation
You have been invited to join the Wikipedian Star Wars edits Organization by John Fry. To join just add Category:Wikipedian Star Wars edits Organization to your userpage, with the two [s before it and two ]s after it John Fry 18:16, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jediarchives11


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Forrest Law

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE (and redirect). Already included in target, so just redirected. -Splash 17:02, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Forrest Law
Individual character in a single compuiter game, not widely notable (the character, not the game), not encyclopediac, Merge back to article about gmae or list of characters therein} DES 05:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge into List of Tekken characters. - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 06:16, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge, as above. Tempshill 18:10, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into List of Tekken characters. JamesBurns 07:56, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daws Hill

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 17:05, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Daws Hill
Not notable and unverifiable. Frühstücksdienst 05:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - definitely verifiable, and we might want to try and find someone who can do so. - Che Nuevara, the Democratic Revolutionary 06:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Consulting a map I find that it's a real place. Consulting Google Web I find within 1 minute the U.S. Navy housing area in RAF Daws Hill and a map of RAF Daws Hill, both of which are now in the article. Keep. Uncle G 06:40:48, 2005-07-25 (UTC)
 * Keep. Real place with real communities of interest namely defence bases. Capitalistroadster 11:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Wag2639

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 05:51, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wag2639


text:
Talk:KNME-TV

KNME Call Letter Meaning
I have a feeling "NME" stands for New Mexico Education, but that's just a theory. Any confirmation? -Oddtoddnm 05:51, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Heard better today. It's Keeping New Mexico Educated. --Oddtoddnm 04:56, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

KNME is NOW "NEW MEXICO PBS" as of March 2012
I'm trying to redirect KNME to New Mexico PBS--it's new name. There is also incorrect links and names in this article but keep getting blocked from editing the correct info. User: Nmpbsjmraz 26 March 2012 —Preceding undated comment added 21:11, 26 March 2012 (UTC).
 * They may be branding themselves "New Mexico PBS", but the station's actual name and callsign still appears to be KNME-TV. As this is NOT incorrect, your attempts to redirect to a new article have been reverted. MikeWazowski (talk) 21:21, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * MikeWazowski is correct. TV station articles are listed under their call letters; branding articles should be redirects to the call letters. -- Gridlock Joe (talk) 22:57, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * NMPBS 2019 logo.png

title: Talk:KNME-TV


text:
Nidana

Nidāna (निदान) is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means "cause, motivation or occasion" depending on the context. The word is derived from the Sanskrit prefix ni- (नि; "down", "into") plus the root dā (दा; "to bind"), forming the verb nidā (निदा; "to bind on, fasten"). This in turn yields the noun nidāna (निदान; lit. "a band, rope or halter"). It appears in the Rigveda, such as hymn 10.114.2, and other Hindu scriptures, wherein it means "primary or first cause, linked cause"; in other contexts such as Rigveda 6.32.6, nidāna refers to the literal meaning of a rope or band that links, binds or fastens one thing to another, such as a horse to a cart. The word has been borrowed into modern languages such as Hindi and Marathi to mean "diagnosis" or "primary cause" among others.

Buddhism
Nidāna is the term used to describe the standard introduction of a Buddhist sutra, where the formula "Thus have I heard" (attributed to Ānanda) is followed by a description of the location and occasion on which the Buddha gave a particular teaching.

The other primary use of nidāna in the Buddhist tradition is in the context of the Twelve Nidānas, also called the "Twelve Links of Dependent Origination". These links present the mechanistic basis of repeated birth, saṃsāra, and resultant duḥkha (suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness) starting from avidyā (ignorance, misconceptions).

Hinduism
The term nidāna appears in numerous ancient and medieval Hindu texts wherein it means "first cause, primary cause, original or essential cause". This includes the Upanishads that include theosophical speculations, as well as medical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, where a large sub-book is titled Nidāna Sthāna (निदानस्थान; "Pathology"), as well as in chapters of the Puranas, wherein these discuss cause of disease or various natural phenomena.

title: Nidana


text:
Wikipedia:Editor activity indicator

An indicator system for displaying the online status of any given user has been developed. The indicators are

 * "I'm In" for editors who are online.
 * "I'm Around" for editors who are around the site, but may be unresponsive. (Useful for editors who are working on other projects, etc. At the same time they monitor the site.)
 * "I'm Out" for editors who are offline.

The indicator system was originally designed for use by administrators, who are often contacted by other users for emergency actions (i.e. blocking out-of-control vandals). However, the system is useful for other editors as well.

Using the system
To use the indicator system, the editor has two choices: image placement or template placement.

Image placement
To use image placement, the editor simply adds the image tag (i.e ) to the user page, talk page, or both, and changes the image each time. This is the simplest method, but requires multiple edits if the tag is used on more than one page.

Template placement
Template placement is more complex. To use template placement, the user creates a "status" subpage (i.e. User:Example/Status) and changes the image tag on the subpage, rather than the existing pages. This format is most useful for editors who place the tag on multiple pages.

To add the tag to the user's page, the user transcludes the status page:.

The pages where the tag is used must be purged, through a purge link. To add a purge link, add this code:, replacing "User:Example" with the name of the page being purged. This will purge the server cache and cause the template to appear.

Medium images

Right-aligned templates

The template at right is automatically updated by one of two bots:
 * User:Chris G Bot 3 updates based on a user's presence in #wikipedia-en on IRC.

This template requires some additional installation in your monobook.js file to get the update links to work. See User:Hersfold/StatusTemplate for details.

Large images

Wide templates

Userbox templates

  <br style="clear:both;">

title: Wikipedia:Editor activity indicator


text:
Talk:Chroneme

[Untitled]
What does "long", "half-long", "short" and "extra short" mean? Specifically, what does it mean with respect to length of time? For example, is a half-long vowel really half as long as a long vowel? How much shorter than a long vowel is a short vowel? Half as short? One third as short? Those things are not explicitly explained in the article, but they should be, because they're not obvious. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 05:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it's language-specific. At least, I've heard vowels described as short or long which sound long or short to my ear as a speaker of Australian English (which has a phonemic length contrast). I think the diff. b/n long and short is usually roughly 2×, but I'm not certain so I'm reluctant to add anything. — Felix the Cassowary 23:50, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * For Australian English, it seems that males have means of about 150 and 242 ms, and females have means of 172 and 281 ms for short and long vowels respectively: short vowels around 60 per cent of the length of long ones. This may be specific to AuE again, so I'm reluctant to add anything. From Cox (in press): The acoustic characterics of /hVd/ vowels in the speech of some Australian teenagers, Au. Journal of Linguistisc. — Felix the Cassowary 06:21, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

>>>>>>Attempts at showing the lengths as being 'isochronous' units flounder. The best thing I know to say is that, like tone, they are relative to immediate context. unlogged user>>>>>>

>>>>>>>This discussion could be updated if it brought in discussions from metrical phonology.

As for examples from American English, well, I'm not one for using minimal pairs to establish anything (as if we communicated meaning with one and two-syllable words anyway), but take for example the American English pronunciation of 'latter' vs. 'ladder'. If we treated it metrically, we might say there is some sort of lengthening of the medial consonant that distinguishes 'ladder' from 'latter'. Or are they really homophones (with soundalike allophones of different phonemes)? Using what others have said about beats, I'd like to think I add about 1/4 to 1/2 a beat to the medial sound of 'ladder'.

 * Hmm. As an american speaker, those sound the same to me.  But I wouldn't rule out a difference in some dialects, though I'd sooner assume it would be in the first vowel of 'ladder,' not the medial consonant.  What about this one: 'watt' vs. 'what' in RP (British) English?  Assuming the speaker does not aspirate the W in 'what,' these two words have the same vowel quality in RP, don't they?  But certainly a difference in length.    — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.42.37.59 (talk) 02:45, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

What about Japanese consonants: is the 'k' in 'hikki' actally longer than the 'k' in 'hiki', or is it just perceived to be longer? (to make the word longer?) FT77 20:46, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

origin of word
Can you be more specific what "Greek" -eme is? −Woodstone 17:25, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

For God's sake, it means nothing at all. -ema is way too functional to mean something. It's just a suffixed root (again, not a suffix but a suffixed root, which is different) with the ending -ma, which usually shows that the Greek noun is neutral/neuter in grammatical gender. That's my take at least. Ask someone else to see what they think. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 18:17, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Where on earth did this term come from? I have a Ph.D. in Linguistics and specialize in phonology, but today is the first time I've encountered this term.

Google gives almost a thousand hits, take your pick. −Woodstone 22:58, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

About the term's origin, I always attributed the term to Pike (1948). Who in linguistics hasn't at least read of Pike? And isn't it a nice parallel piece of word derivation (we have phonemes, we have tonemes (Jones 1921), so why not chronemes?

Addendum: now I read that Jones also used the term, so I wonder if these are independent inventions of terms, or if Pike was citing Jones? Don't have enough of the original sources to figure it out.

One more thought: at least the chroneme deserves its parallel to phoneme more than toneme: that is, since the chroneme could still be treated segmentally, it is closer to a type of phoneme conceptually speaking than toneme, which is better treated prosodically and/or seen to spread across more than one segment.

What about Danish?
Danish also distinguishes words by vowel length; here are some minimal pairs--

 * værre 'worse' vs. være  'to be'
 * bande 'to swear, use profanity' vs. bane  'path'
 * fyrre 'forty' vs. føre  'to lead'
 * læsse  'to load' vs. læse  'to read'

(This length-distinction occurs only in words of more than one syllable; however, the commonplace examples should convince you that Danes don't consider it trivial.)

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by ISNorden (talk • contribs) 10:13, 25 July 2006 AEST.

 * Are you asking us something, or telling us? —Felix the Cassowary 13:03, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Both: telling about an example the article doesn't mention, and asking whether those additions are appropriate as written.  --Ingeborg S. Nordén 15:51, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * It seems to me there are adequate examples on this page (your Danish examples might be more appropriate on Vowel length, but that also has a lot of examples). Also, the Chroneme is not the only way to describe vowel or consonant length. For instance, long vowels might be seen as two consecutive short vowels of identical quality. So I'd be reluctant to add examples to this page unless that languages has already been described as having the chroneme (rather than simply vowel length) in established literature. —Felix the Cassowary 12:36, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect IPA
The IPA in the second table is wrong. I think that the correct transcriptions for the second column are /ˈviːle/ and /ˈvile/. If someone else can confirm this please change it. hac (talk) 01:49, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Obsolescence
The article rightly points out that 'chroneme' has limited currency. I feel that, since this concept appears not to have been seriously put forward as a phonological entity since the days of Jones and Pike, it should be described also as obsolete. Does anyone disagree? RoachPeter (talk) 10:31, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not so much obsolescent as stillborn. Jones coined it (c.1940) but it never caught on. You'd be hard-pressed to find any reference to the word which doesn't trace back to this wikipedia article - I could only find two, both of which mentioned it in the context of being a term proposed by Jones. Samatarou (talk) 04:00, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chroneme


text:
User:ASL~enwiki

ASL
I don't go by my initials, but my first name was not available as a username, and neither was the obvious combination of my first name plus my last initial. I'll get over it.

Interests
Most of the pages I troll around in on the WP are Physics/Math/Engineering type pages. Also, whatever topics I have an immediate desire to learn something about.

Just because I'm linking something below, don't think that I know anything about the topic.

Electrical Engineering
I'm a big fan of EE, having studied it for a while.

 * E&M
 * Maxwell's Equations
 * FDTD
 * Electromagnetic radiation
 * Electromagnetic spectrum

 * Lasers
 * Semiconductor lasers

 * Semiconductors
 * Electronics

 * MEMS
 * DSP
 * Control theory
 * Power electronics

Physics
It's difficult to like EE without liking physics.

 * QM
 * Quantum coherence/decoherence

 * Transport
 * Boltzmann equation

title: User:ASL~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tetsujin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. See also Votes for deletion/Tekken characters (all kept). --Tony Sidaway Talk 03:20, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Tetsujin
character in a computer game; character is not widely notable; no encyclopecic content; merge to article about game or list of characters in the game DES 05:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Tekken - not a lot of potential for an article in its own right james gibbon  10:41, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: User has already created Votes for deletion/Tekken characters, so I see no need whatsoever for this redundant VfD. jglc | t | c 14:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * FYI I created this and several other Tekken VfDs on new page patrol, then saw Votes for deletion/Tekken characters which someone else had already created, and pointed the rest of the character list at that. DES 17:39, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to List of Tekken characters. JamesBurns 07:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Corey Perry

Corey Perry (born May 16, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played the first 14 years of his career with the Anaheim Ducks, and has also played for the Dallas Stars, Montreal Canadiens, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Chicago Blackhawks. Perry is known for his goal-scoring ability and an abrasive playing style with an ability to get under his opponent's skin; the former earned him the affectionate nickname "Scorey Perry", the latter the less affectionate "the Worm".

He won the Memorial Cup with the Ontario Hockey League (OHL)'s London Knights and a gold medal with Canada at the World Junior Championships during his major junior career. Perry was drafted in the first round, 28th overall, by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft and won the Stanley Cup with the club in 2007. In 2008, he recorded 29 goals and 25 assists. He improved in 2009 to 72 points and was named to his first NHL All-Star Game. Perry continued his ascent in 2010 as he scored 27 goals and had 49 assists. In 2011, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league's most valuable player for the 2010–11 season. He led the NHL with 50 goals and finished third in points behind Daniel Sedin and Martin St. Louis, with 98. During his two one-year campaigns with the Dallas Stars and Montreal Canadiens respectively, Perry lost consecutive Stanley Cup Finals to the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2020 and 2021; Perry proceeded to join the Lightning the very next season, where he lost a third straight Finals in 2022, and in doing so became the first player in NHL history to lose three consecutive Finals with three different teams. Perry then returned to the Finals for a fifth time with the Oilers in 2024 and lost once again, becoming the first player in NHL history to reach the Finals with five different franchises and the first player in NHL history to lose four Finals with four different teams.

Internationally, Perry has won gold medals with Canada at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics. He became a member of the Triple Gold Club after captaining Canada to gold at the 2016 IIHF World Championships, in addition to previously winning the Stanley Cup and the Olympic gold medal. Perry is only the second player (joining Scott Niedermayer) to combine Triple Gold membership with gold at the World Junior Championships, a Memorial Cup win, and a World Cup of Hockey win.

Early life
Perry was born on May 16, 1985, in New Liskeard, Ontario, the first of two boys born to Geoff and Nancy Perry. He and his brother Adam learned to skate when Corey was two. At age 10, he and his family moved from Haileybury, Ontario, to Peterborough, Ontario. Growing up, his favourite NHL team was the Montreal Canadiens.

Minor
Perry grew up playing hockey with the Peterborough Minor Petes AAA organization of the OMHA's Eastern AAA league. In 2001, Perry led his Petes to a victory in the inaugural OHL Cup Bantam AAA championship held in Peterborough. Perry had a stellar year offensively, scoring 73 goals in 67 games.

Junior
After a standout minor hockey career, Perry was drafted fifth overall into the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) by the London Knights in the 2001 Priority Draft. He immediately produced at a point-per-game pace for the Knights, recording 59 points in 60 games in his rookie season. The following year, his NHL draft year, Perry improved to 78 points and was selected 28th overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.

In the 2003–04 season, Perry scored 40 goals and 73 assists for 113 points in just 66 games, becoming the first Knight to reach 100 points in a season since Jason Allison did so in 1994. During the season, the Ducks were considering trading Perry to the Edmonton Oilers for Mike Comrie. The Oilers agreed to acquire Perry for Comrie, though there was one snag in the deal; Edmonton general manager Kevin Lowe felt that Comrie should return $2.5 million of his salary. Comrie ultimately refused to do so and the trade subsequently fell through. In the OHL playoffs, Perry scored seven more goals, with his offensive prowess earning him a call-up to the Ducks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks, for the remainder of the 2003–04 season. Perry was later named an OHL first-team All-Star after the season.

Entering his fourth and final year with the Knights in 2004–05, Perry scored a junior career-high 130 points in 60 games. He went on to post an additional 38 points in the post-season to capture the J. Ross Robertson Cup as OHL champions, en route to a Memorial Cup championship. In 18 post-season games, Perry scored 11 goals and handed out 27 assists. The Knights shut-out Sidney Crosby's Rimouski Océanic in the final.

Anaheim Ducks (2005–2019)
Perry made his debut with the Ducks the following season, in 2005–06. However, he was sent down to the AHL early in the year, along with fellow rookie and future linemate Ryan Getzlaf. Perry scored his first career goal against the Edmonton Oilers on October 10, 2005 managing to score a point in each of his first four career games. He recorded his first career multi-goal game against the Los Angeles Kings on January 28, 2006. Perry and Getzlaf combined for 67 points in 36 games with the Portland Pirates—the Ducks' new AHL affiliate—and were subsequently recalled by the Ducks ahead of the team's run in the 2006 playoffs. Perry finished his rookie season with the Ducks with 25 points (13 goals, 12 assists) in 56 games. In the playoffs, Perry scored no goals but managed three assists as the Ducks were eliminated in the Western Conference Final to the eighth seeded Edmonton Oilers.

In 2006–07, his sophomore season, Perry improved to 44 points (17 goals, 27 assists) in all 82 games, playing with Ryan Getzlaf and Dustin Penner on a combination dubbed the "Kid Line". He went on in the 2007 playoffs to win the Stanley Cup with Anaheim, scoring 15 points (six goals, nine assists) in 21 games. He assisted on a goal by Ryan Getzlaf in Game 1 against the Ottawa Senators in the Finals while in Game 3, he scored a goal on Senators’ goaltender Ray Emery that helped the Ducks take the lead. After the Senators tied the score, Perry assisted on Getzlaf's goal as the Ducks took the lead again. However, the Senators scored the last three goals of the game and won 5–3. In the final game, Perry scored a goal and had an assist on a goal by Rob Neidermayer. Anaheim went on to win the next two games, securing its first-ever Stanley Cup.

The following year, in 2007–08, Perry increased his totals to 29 goals, 25 assists and 54 points in 70 games and was named to his first NHL All-Star Game as an injury replacement (along with Scott Niedermayer) to join Chris Pronger and Ryan Getzlaf as four Ducks on the Western Conference squad. Perry also made Ducks history during the season—on January 4, 2008 in a game against the Chicago Blackhawks, he scored a goal just 16 seconds into the game, the second fastest goal ever scored by a Duck. Despite the personal successes of the year, the defending Stanley Cup champion Ducks were unable to replicate the previous year's playoff success, falling to the fifth seeded Dallas Stars in the first round of the 2008 playoffs in six games. Perry played in three games and had two goals and an assist.

On July 1, 2008, Perry signed a five-year, $26.625 million contract extension, identical to a contract Ryan Getzlaf had agreed to the previous off-season. The 2008–09 season was a break-out year for Perry. He led the Ducks with 32 goals and finished second on the team in points, with 72. On November 1, 2008, he recorded five points in a game against the Vancouver Canucks, four of which were assists, a career-high. However, on January 3, 2009, Perry was suspended for four games by the NHL after elbowing Philadelphia Flyers forward Claude Giroux during the third period of a game on January 2. Perry finished the regular season scoring four goals in the year's last five games. Continuing his scoring streak, he then contributed eight goals and six assists during the 2009 playoffs that saw the Ducks advance to Game 7 of the Western Conference Semifinals against the defending Stanley Cup champion Detroit Red Wings, who ultimately ended the Ducks' season after their Game 7 victory. Perry scored the Ducks' second goal of that game. In Game 1, Perry scored a goal, but the Ducks lost 3–2, while the Ducks won Game 2 as Perry contributed two assists. After recording no points in a Ducks win in Game 3, Perry scored two goals and also recorded an assist in Game 4, but the Ducks lost 6–3. In Game 7, the Ducks lost the game, with Perry scoring a goal and providing an assist.

In the 2009–10, Perry posted a 19-game point streak that ultimately ended on December 4, 2009, against the Dallas Stars. He ended the year with a team-leading 76 points (27 goals, 49 assists) and 111 penalty minutes. He also finished second on the club with his 27 goals—trailing only Bobby Ryan's 35—and second in assists, with his 49, one short of Ryan Getzlaf's 50.

The following year, the 2010–11 season, would be a career year for Perry. Perry led the NHL with 50 goals, winning the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy as a result. With 48 assists, he finished the season with 98 points, third-highest in the NHL only behind Tampa Bay Lightning forward Martin St. Louis and Vancouver Canucks forward Daniel Sedin. Perry was also chosen to the 2011 NHL All-Star Game, where he won the Shootout Elimination Challenge in the Skills Competition. Perry recorded his first career hat-trick in a game against the Minnesota Wild on December 12; he also recorded two assists in the game, giving him five points. His goals came at even strength, shorthanded and on the power play, making him the second player in Ducks history to score in all three situations, the other being Paul Kariya. After the All-Star Game, Perry exploded offensively—from February 2 to 18, he recorded at least one point in seven consecutive games, and recorded his second career hat-trick on February 5 against the Colorado Avalanche. Nearing the end of the season, Perry continued his torrid scoring pace. On March 9, 2011, Perry scored two more goals, his 32nd and 33rd goal of the season against the New York Rangers on Rangers’ goaltender Henrik Lundqvist, surpassing his previous career-high, single-season goal tally. Perry scored another goal in a win against the Colorado Avalanche. In the next game, he scored the only two goals as the Ducks lost to the Phoenix Coyotes. From March 19 through April 6, Perry recorded a least a point in ten consecutive games, later taking the NHL scoring lead from Tampa Bay Lightning forward Steven Stamkos when he scored two goals in a 2–1 win against the Chicago Blackhawks on Blackhawks' goaltender Corey Crawford on March 26. He then recorded his third career hat-trick in a game against the San Jose Sharks on April 6, with his third of the game giving him 50 for the year. After reaching the mark, he became just the third Ducks player to record a 50-goal season, joining Teemu Selänne and Paul Kariya. Led by Perry's late-season scoring surge, the Ducks finished with 99 points, good for the fourth seed in the West, setting up a series with the fifth seeded Nashville Predators in the first round of the 2011 playoffs. After being held to no points in Game 1, Perry scored the Ducks' first goal on a power play in Game 2 against Pekka Rinne, later assisting on Ryan Getzlaf's goal that gave the Ducks a 3–1 lead. Near the end of the game, Perry then assisted on Bobby Ryan's empty-netter as the Ducks won 5–3. In Game 3, Perry recorded another two assists, but the Ducks fell 4–3. In Game 4, he set up Cam Fowler's power play goal early in the first period, and early in the third, Perry scored a short-handed goal to give Anaheim the lead in an eventual 6–3 victory. However, Perry recorded no points in the last two games, both of which the Ducks lost, eliminating them from the playoffs. Perry finished the series with two goals and six assists for eight points in all six games. At the end of the 2010–11 season, Perry won the Hart Memorial Trophy, prevailing over finalists Daniel Sedin of the Vancouver Canucks and Martin St. Louis of the Tampa Bay Lightning, as the NHL's regular season MVP. He became the first Ducks player to win the Hart Trophy and the first Ducks player to win the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy since Teemu Selänne in 1998–99.

For the 2011–12 season, Perry struggled early in the season, along with the rest of the team. The year was considered an off-year for Perry and his teammates. Despite the early season struggles, Perry was named to the 2012 NHL All-Star Game. Despite managing to score 37 goals, 23 assists and 60 points, the Ducks missed the 2012 playoffs after finishing fifth in the Pacific Division and 13th in the Western Conference.

In the lock-out-shortened 2012–13 season, Perry and his teammates got off to a much better start than the previous season, going 7–1–1 in their first nine games. Although his teammates were finding success scoring goals, Perry struggled to find the back of the net, scoring only one goal in his first 12 games. However, as the season progressed, Perry began to find his scoring touch, ultimately finishing the season with 15 goals and 21 assists for 36 points. In a game against the Minnesota Wild, Perry delivered a late hit to the head of Jason Zucker. After a review of the hit by NHL executive Rob Blake, Perry was given a four-game suspension. On March 18, 2013, Perry signed an eight-year, $69 million contract extension with the Ducks, ten days after Ryan Getzlaf was signed to a similar eight-year contract. The 2013 playoffs would prove to be a disappointment for Perry, as he failed to score a single goal in the seven game loss to the Detroit Red Wings, despite firing 24 shots on goal.

Perry's 2013–14 season turned out to be one of his best as he had 43 goals, 39 assists and 82 points in 81 games played, helping the Ducks win their second consecutive Pacific Division title and was the runner up for the Rocket Richard Trophy only behind Washington Capitals forward and captain Alexander Ovechkin who ended with a league leading 51 goals. Perry was selected to the first All-Star team for the second time in his career.

Perry was named to his fourth All-Star Game when he was named to the 2016 NHL All-Star Game, along with teammate John Gibson.

Perry's goal production declined during the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons, falling from 34 in 2015–16 to 19 and 17 respectively.

On September 26, 2018, Perry was ruled out for five months after undergoing surgery for a torn meniscus and MCL injury. He made his 2018–19 season debut on February 2, 2019 in a 9–3 loss to the Winnipeg Jets and eventually finished the season contributing with 6 goals and 10 points in 31 games as the Ducks failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time since 2012.

On June 19, 2019, Perry's 14-year tenure with the Ducks ended after he was bought-out from the remaining two years of his eight-year contract to become an unrestricted free agent. The buyout was prompted by his knee surgery and perceived declining utility, though longtime teammate Ryan Getzlaf would later remark that it had also served to free him from expectations, saying "when you have him as a $9 million player as opposed to a million and a half player, there's a lot different expectations. It allows a player to go and be just himself and not be judged on everything else, like his cap number." Corey Perry is the last active player to have been a member of the Ducks while the team was still called the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.

Dallas Stars (2019–2020)
On July 1, 2019, Perry signed on the opening day of free agency to a bonus laden one-year, $1.5 million contract with the Dallas Stars. On November 13, he played his 1,000th career regular season NHL game against the Calgary Flames. He became the 340th player in NHL History to hit the milestone. During the 2020 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic on January 1, 2020, Perry was issued a game misconduct for elbowing Nashville Predators defenseman Ryan Ellis at 2:40 of the first period. He was subsequently suspended for five games on January 3, and forfeited $40,322.60. Perry had 5 goals and 16 assists in 57 games before the regular season was prematurely ended by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Stars were on a six-game losing streak when the season ended, but when the NHL later scheduled the 2020 playoffs to take place in late summer in a bubble environment in Edmonton, things proved to be different. Playing the Calgary Flames in the first round, Perry was credited with a pivotal role in the team's victory in Game 2 after losing the opening game, including an assist on Jamie Oleksiak's game-winning goal. He went on to contribute to the team's second round win over the Colorado Avalanche, and provided the screen for Denis Gurianov's Western Conference Final-clinching goal against the Vegas Golden Knights. The Stars reached the 2020 Stanley Cup Finals, playing against the Tampa Bay Lightning. Perry's most notable feat came in Game 5 of the series when he scored the overtime-winner on Lightning goaltender Andrei Vasilevskiy to stave off elimination and force a sixth game, though the Stars were ultimately defeated in game six to take the series 4–2 and win the Stanley Cup.

Despite his strong postseason performance, the Stars opted not to re-sign Perry.

Montreal Canadiens (2020–2021)
On December 28, 2020, Perry extended his career by signing as a free agent to a one-year, $750,000 contract with the Montreal Canadiens. Due to the ongoing pandemic, the NHL temporarily realigned all of its divisions and, to minimize travel, all teams played only within those divisions for the regular season and shortened the regular season from 82 games to 56 games. The Canadiens were part of the all-Canadian North Division. On January 11, 2021, Perry was waived by the Canadiens for the purpose of putting him on the team's taxi squad. Despite starting the season on the taxi squad, Perry had a strong showing during the shortened season, finishing ninth in team scoring with 21 points (nine goals, 12 assists) in 49 games.

The Canadiens qualified for the fourth berth in the North Division in the 2021 playoffs, entering a first round matchup with the Toronto Maple Leafs as decided underdogs. However, for the second year in a row, Perry's team would go on a surprisingly deep run in the postseason, ousting the Leafs in seven games before sweeping the Winnipeg Jets in the second round and then beating the Vegas Golden Knights in six games in the Conference Finals. In Game One against the Leafs, Perry attempted to jump over Leafs captain John Tavares who had earlier been knocked to the ice, however, Perry's knee clipped Tavares in the head. Tavares suffered a concussion and had to be stretchered off, and did not return for the rest of the series. After the game, Perry felt remorse for his role on the incident: "I don't know what else to do there. I tried to jump. I know Johnny pretty well and just hope he’s OK." On reaching the 2021 Stanley Cup Finals, his second consecutive with two different clubs and third overall appearance, Perry reflected that "you come into this League at a young age, and you have success early. I went to the Conference Final my first year, and then we ended up winning my second year. You think it's going to happen over and over and over again. You just keep the same team together and just ride the wave, but that's not the case." Perry faced the Tampa Bay Lightning in the Finals for the second consecutive year. The Canadiens were ultimately defeated in five games as the Lightning won their second straight Stanley Cup title. Following the loss in the Stanley Cup Finals, Perry expressed a desire to re-sign with the Canadiens. However, General Manager Marc Bergevin declined to offer Perry a two-year contract, and he opted to sign elsewhere.

Tampa Bay Lightning (2021–2023)
On July 29, 2021, Perry, having played in two consecutive Stanley Cup Finals losing efforts against the Tampa Bay Lightning, opted to join the back-to-back champions on a two-year, $2 million contract. On the occasion, he said "coming into a team that I've seen firsthand, the last two years. At the end of the day, where I'm at in my career, I want to win. I want to be a part of that and I'm looking forward to it." Shortly after the beginning of the 2021–22 season, he was named an alternate captain. After a 17-game scoring drought at the start of the season, he recorded his first goal with the Lightning on November 23, against the Philadelphia Flyers. On February 23, 2022, Perry scores his 400th NHL goal in a 5–3 win over the Edmonton Oilers. He would go on to score 19 goals in the season (his most since 2016–17 while still with Anaheim) and also 21 assists for 40 points in all 82 games played.

The two time defending Stanley Cup Lightning qualified for the 2022 playoffs as they finished the season as the fifth seed in the Eastern Conference, and for the second consecutive year, Perry faced the Maple Leafs in the first round, again beating them in seven games. The Lightning then swept the Presidents' Trophy-winning Florida Panthers in the second round to reach their third straight Eastern Conference Final and sixth Conference Final in eight seasons. Perry had five goals in the first two rounds, tying Ross Colton for the team lead. His role on the team increased in the course of the playoffs, as injury to Brayden Point in the first round lead to him taking Point's place on the top power play unit alongside Victor Hedman, Ondřej Palát, Nikita Kucherov and captain Steven Stamkos. The Lightning went on to beat the New York Rangers in a six-game series, advancing to the 2022 Stanley Cup Finals. Perry became only the second player in the history of the NHL to go to the Finals in three consecutive years with three different teams, after Marián Hossa. After scoring a goal in Game 3, Perry became the first player in NHL history to score a goal in the Stanley Cup Finals with four different teams. Perry went on to lose his third consecutive Stanley Cup Finals with a third different team, becoming the first player in NHL history to do so.

Perry recorded 12 goals and 13 assists for 25 points in 81 games for the Lightning in the 2022–23 season. He also recorded two goals, three assists and five points in all six playoff games in the Lightning’s first round exit in six games to the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Chicago Blackhawks (2023)
On June 29, 2023, Tampa Bay traded the negotiation rights for Perry to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for a 2024 seventh-round pick. He was promptly signed to a one-year, $4 million contract for the 2023–24 season with the Blackhawks on June 30. On November 25, after he had been a healthy scratch for the Blackhawks' last two games, the team announced Perry would take an indefinite leave of absence for personal reasons. Kyle Davidson, the Blackhawks' general manager, added the decision was made by the team's management. On November 28, the Blackhawks placed Perry on unconditional waivers, stating that an internal investigation revealed that he had "engaged in conduct that is unacceptable, and in violation both of the terms of his Standard Player's Contract and the Blackhawks' internal policies intended to promote professional and safe work environments." After Perry cleared waivers the following day, the Blackhawks terminated his contract.

At a press conference on November 28, Davidson said that the Blackhawks had learned of misconduct on Perry's part while the team was preparing to play against the Columbus Blue Jackets. According to Davidson, when team officials learned this information, they pulled Perry from the lineup and began an internal investigation, which culminated in the decision to cut ties with him. ESPN's Emily Kaplan reported that Perry was believed to have been involved in an incident with a Blackhawks employee. Perry apologized for the incident and said he was seeking professional help for substance abuse.

Edmonton Oilers (2024–present)
On January 22, 2024, Perry was signed to a one-year contract by the Edmonton Oilers. On June 2, the Oilers qualified for the Stanley Cup Finals, marking Perry's fourth trip to the Finals in five years and fifth trip altogether. The Oilers would ultimately lose the series to the Florida Panthers in seven games.

On July 1, 2024, the first day of free agency, Perry re-signed with the Oilers to a one-year, 1.4 million contract.

International play
Perry helped lead the Canadian junior team to a gold medal in the 2005 World Junior Championship, playing alongside Sidney Crosby and Patrice Bergeron on the team's first line.

On December 30, 2009, Perry was selected to play for Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. On April 16, 2010, Perry was among the first group of 15 players to be named to Canada for participation at the 2010 IIHF World Championships in Cologne, Mannheim and Gelsenkirchen, Germany.

In Canada's first game of the 2010 Winter Olympics, Perry helped lead the team to an 8–0 victory over Norway, scoring one goal. In the tournament quarterfinals against Russia, he scored another two goals in a 7–3 win, then scored the second goal in the gold medal game against the United States to make the score 2–0 in the second period. Canada went on to win the game 3–2 after an overtime goal by Sidney Crosby, thus winning gold.

Perry contributed one assist in Canada's six games en route to a gold medal victory at the 2014 Winter Olympics over Sweden in Sochi.

At the 2016 IIHF World Championship, Perry served as captain en route to a gold medal finish.

Personal life
Perry's younger brother Adam played alongside him on the London Knights' 2005 Memorial Cup-winning team. Adam was the assistant coach of the London Nationals Junior B Team, although he is currently in law enforcement, like their father. Perry currently lives in London, Ontario, during the off-season. Perry and his wife got married in July 2015.

Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league

title: Corey Perry


text: User talk:67.66.144.178

title: User talk:67.66.144.178


text:
Ɪ

Small capital I is an additional letter of the Latin alphabet similar in its dimensions to the letter "i" but with a shape based on $⟨I⟩$, its capital form. Although $\langleɪ\rangle$ is usually an allograph of the letter I, it is considered as an additional letter in the African reference alphabet and has been used as such in some publications in the Kulango languages in Côte d'Ivoire in the 1990s. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the lowercase small capital I is used as the symbol for the near-close near-front unrounded vowel, like the letter i in the word "fit".

Encoding
Until Unicode 8.0.0 (2015), uppercase I with crossbars was not yet encoded. To fill out the gap, a number of fonts contained a non-standard glyph, or used a code point from Private Use Area of Unicode. But this oddity has gone since the 9.0 version of Unicode (2016).

 * Unicode:
 * Capital Ɪ: since Unicode 9.0.0 (2016)
 * Lowercase ɪ: since Unicode 1.0
 * ISO 6438:
 * Capital Ɪ: missing
 * Lowercase ɪ: 0x

Glyphs
In serif (and some other) typefaces the letter usually has two crossbars, which distinguishes it from the lowercase  (dotless I), otherwise homoglyphical, but whose upper serif has another configuration.

title: Ɪ


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Southern white-fringed antwren

The southern white-fringed antwren (Formicivora grisea) is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Taxonomy and systematics
The southern white-fringed antwren was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1775 from a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-colored plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Turdus griseus in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The southern white-fringed antwren is now placed in the genus Formicivora that was introduced by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1824. The generic name combines the Latin words formica for "ant" and -vorus "eating" from vorare "to devour". The specific epithet grisea is from the Medieval Latin griseus meaning "gray".

What is now the northern white-fringed antwren (Formicivora intermedia) and the southern white-fringed antwren were previously considered conspecific as the white-fringed antwren Formicivora grisea. Worldwide taxonomic systems separated them based primarily on their very different vocalizations detailed in a 2016 publication, though the Clements taxonomy did not do so until 2023. The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society retain the single white-fringed antwren species, though the South American Committee is seeking a proposal to adopt the split.

The southern white-fringed antwren has two subspecies, the nominate F. g. grisea (Boddaert, 1783) and F. g. rufiventris (Carriker, 1936).

Description
The southern white-fringed antwren is 12 to 13 cm long and weighs 9 to 12 g. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a white supercilium that extends down the neck, along the side of the breast, and widens on the flanks. Their crown and upperparts are dark grayish brown with white edges on the scapulars and a hidden white patch between them. Their wings are brownish black with white tips on the coverts. Their tail is black with white feather tips that increase in size from the central to the outer feathers. Their face, throat, and underparts are black with white underwing coverts. Adult females have a buff supercilium, browner wings, little or no patch between the scapulars, and a blackish and buff-white mottled face. Their throat and belly are light cinnamon and their breast cinnamon with a tawny tinge. Subadult males early look like adult females and gain a black throat and breast before the rest of the adult plumage. Males of subspecies F. g. rufiventris are like the nominate; females have entirely rufous underparts.

Distribution and habitat
The southern white-fringed antwren has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is found in northern Brazil and the Guianas and separately from there in much of Amazonian and eastern Brazil. Subspecies F. g. rufiventris is found from Meta and Caquetá departments in Colombia east into most of Venezuela's Amazonas state. The species inhabits a variety of wooded landscapes, where it favors the understorey to mid-storey at the forest's edges. Subspecies F. g. rufiventris mostly occurs in campina on white-sand soil or young secondary forest. The nominate subspecies occurs in mangroves in the Guianas, in second growth and riparian vegetation in Amazonian Brazil, in tropical deciduous forest in the interior of northeastern Brazil, and in restinga scrublands in coastal eastern Brazil. In elevation it mostly occurs below 1000 m but reaches 1600 m in Venezuela.

Movement
The southern white-fringed antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding
The southern white-fringed antwren feeds on a wide variety of insects and spiders. It typically forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and sometimes temporarily as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It usually forages from the ground to about 5 m above it, but as high as 13 m in gallery and deciduous forest. It forages actively in dense vegetation, taking most prey by gleaning from live leaves, vines, branches, and stems. It sometimes makes short jumps from a perch to reach the underside of leaves and makes short sallies from a perch to capture moths in flight. There are a few records of it following army ant swarms in Amazonian Brazil.

Breeding
The southern white-fringed antwren's breeding season varies greatly across its range, with differing periods between July and March. Its nest is a cup woven from grass stems and thin plant fibers suspended in a branch fork, typically 0.5 to 3.5 m above the ground; both sexes build it. The usual clutch size is two eggs, which are creamy or grayish white with variable markings of lilac to deep purple. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.

Vocalization
The southern white-fringed antwren has several vocalizations. The "monotone song" is a "single soft chup note repeated...as many as 50 notes". Another is an "extremely variable complex note...churet or chuweet. A third is "kip-chrup [a] liquid phrase of two well-spaced notes". There are some minor geographic variations. Both sexes sing, typically when hidden in foliage, and mostly in the morning.

Status
The IUCN has assessed the southern white-fringed antwren as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range. Its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to fairly common across its range. It occurs in several protected areas and its "range covers extensive areas of habitat which, although not formally protected, are at little risk of development in the near future. This species' ability to utilize a variety of second-growth and edge habitats renders it less vulnerable to disturbance than are most thamnophilid (Thamnophilidae) species".

title: Southern white-fringed antwren


text:
Talk:Town of Mount-Royal

 * Re NPOV Template: Article seems to be worded very strongly against residents of the town, especially the section on amalgamation. It is inappropriate to be generalizing the residents as racist and bigoted. I don't have time to fix it now, and also, I would have to take out a lot, but I wouldn't have much to add in its place as I'm not an authority on the subject. Can someone else help? Thanks! Klparrot 06:01, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Town of Mount-Royal


text:
Molybdic acid

Molybdic acid refers to hydrated forms of molybdenum trioxide and related species. The monohydrate (MoO3·H2O) and the dihydrate (MoO3·2H2O) are well characterized. They are yellow diamagnetic solids.

Structure of the solids
Solid forms of molybdic acid are coordination polymers. The monohydrate MoO3·H2O consists of layers of octahedrally coordinated MoO5·(H2O) units where 4 vertices are shared. The dihydrate (image shown above) has the same layer structure with the "extra" H2O molecule intercalated between the layers.

Structure of molybdic acid in solution
In acidified aqueous solutions of molybdic acid, the complex MoO3(H2O)3 is observed. Once again, molybdenum adopts octahedral molecular geometry, probably with three oxo ligands and three aquo ligands.

The salts of molybdic acid are called molybdates. They arise by adding base to solutions of molybdic acid.

Applications
Many molybdenum oxides are used as heterogeneous catalysts, e.g. for oxidations. Molybdic acid and its salts are used to make the Froehde reagent for the presumptive identification of alkaloids.

title: Molybdic acid


text:
User talk:Goodgary

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 06:01, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Copy and pasting
We run "copy and paste" detection software on new edits. One of your edits appear to be infringing on someone else's copyright. See also Copy-paste. We at Wikipedia usually require paraphrasing. If you own the copyright to this material please follow the directions at Donating copyrighted materials to grant license. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 15:39, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/03/26/1079939862803.html

title: User talk:Goodgary


text:
User talk:Jake P

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Jake P


text:
Battle of Santa Rosa

In the 19th century, Nicaragua was beset by political problems, allowing William Walker, an American Southerner seeking to establish English-speaking slavery states in Latin America, to ascend to the Nicaraguan presidency.

Walker believed in the doctrine of manifest destiny, and established himself in Nicaragua in the guise of offering help, but his real intentions were to conquer the five provinces of Central America, a manifesto he entitled, "Five or None."

In Costa Rica, Juan Rafael Mora Porras, the President, was urged by and backed by the British, saw the danger of Walker's intentions and on the 27 February 1856 declared war on Nicaragua and called all Costa Ricans to join forces and fight, a call that was heeded.

They began the march on the 4 March from San José to the northern border, led by the president, arriving in Liberia on the 12 March, where they joined the battalion organised there (Moracia Battalion), under the leadership of José María Cañas.

When the filibusters of the Nicaraguan movement realised what was happening in Costa Rica, they organised a battalion numbering about 70 men, two out of its four companies consisted entirely of Frenchmen the other two companies consisted entirely of Germans, under the leadership of Colonel Schlessinger, which entered Costa Rica through the road that joined Nicaragua with Liberia and which passed by the Hacienda Santa Rosa, where they arrived exhausted by the long and weary march on the 20 March late at night. The Costa Ricans, meanwhile, began the walk to Santa Rosa and on the 20 March at 4 o'clock, armed with rifles, sabres, and bayonets, began the attack, surrounded the troublemakers who not having posted proper sentry were taken by surprise after having stationed themselves in the casona and in the corrals. Under the sudden attack the German company had broken and left the field, while the French under Capt. Legaye also retired from the broken ground they had attempted to occupy. In five minutes, the whole command was in disarray in full and disorderly retreat; in fourteen minutes the Costa Ricans had won the battle. Walker's troops suffered 59 killed and the Costa Ricans 20 killed.

The Santa Rosa's Casona, one of the few historical sites, was burned down in May 2001 and later re-built.

title: Battle of Santa Rosa


text:
User talk:DryaUnda

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Five and Nine
Hi DryaUnda,

I'm glad you're helping clean up the number pages. I had suggested the merging of 5 (disambiguation) and 5 (number) and the merging of 9 (disambiguation) and 9 (number) because there is much overlap between them. I don't believe the distinction is clear as to what should be listed on the number page as opposed to the disambiguation page. Do you have an alternate suggestion as to how this ambiguity might be avoided?

Neelix 15:30, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Here's what I would do:
 * If it's a number in the name of a proper noun (e.g., Seven of Nine, 2 + 2 = 5, etc.) and it has its own article, it goes in disambiguation.
 * If it's the number itself in the context of something else (e.g., starfish usually have five arms, nine is often considered a lucky number) and it does not have its own article, it goes in the main number article. --DryaUnda 23:23, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That makes a lot of sense. Thanks for the well-thought response.
 * Neelix 12:44, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

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Nomination of Imtech (band) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Imtech (band) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:DryaUnda


text:
Custer National Forest

Custer National Forest is located primarily in the south central part of the U.S. state of Montana but also has separate sections in northwestern South Dakota. With a total area of 1188130 acre, the forest comprises over 10 separate sections. While in the westernmost sections, Custer National Forest is a part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the easternmost sections are a combination of forest "islands" and grasslands. A portion of the forest is also part of the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness and constitutes over a third of the wilderness land. South of Red Lodge, Montana, the Beartooth Highway (U.S. 212) passes through the forest en route to Yellowstone National Park.

The eastern areas are dominated by large stands of ponderosa pine surrounded by grasslands, which are often leased to local ranchers for cattle grazing.

Administration
Since 2014, the Custer and Gallatin National Forests are managed together as the Custer-Gallatin National Forest with headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. There are local ranger district offices located in Ashland and Red Lodge in Montana, and in Camp Crook in South Dakota for Custer, and West Yellowstone, Livingston, Gardiner, and Bozeman in Montana for Gallatin.

Overview
The western sections have a mixture of pine, spruce and fir trees due to the increased altitude and more abundant rainfall. Higher altitudes deep into the wilderness areas are above timberline and alpine conditions prevail. The tallest mountain in Montana, Granite Peak, is shared with Gallatin National Forest, as is the interesting Grasshopper Glacier, which has millions of grasshoppers that died approximately 300 years ago, entombed within the ice.

Within the forest are Native American burial grounds, pictographs and petroglyphs. For the plains Indians, the forest provided shelter and a stable food supply. Members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition are generally considered to be the first white Americans to visit the region. The forest is currently divided into three Ranger Districts: Beartooth in Red Lodge, Montana; Ashland in Ashland, Montana; and Sioux in Camp Crook, South Dakota. Four National Grasslands were formerly managed by the forest as the Grand River, Cedar River, Little Missouri and Sheyenne National Grasslands. These units are now managed as the Dakota Prairie Grasslands, headquartered in Bismarck, ND.

There are over 30 vehicle accessible campgrounds in the forest, as well as numerous picnic areas. Over 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of hiking trails are available with most being found in the western district. Though not plentiful with rivers and lakes, the waterways do provide some opportunities for fishing but little for boating. The forest headquarters is located in Billings, Montana, and most hiking and camping is done in the region south and southwest of Billings. There are local ranger district offices in Ashland and Red Lodge in Montana, and in Camp Crook in South Dakota.

In descending order of land area the forest is located in parts of Powder River, Carbon, Stillwater, Rosebud, Carter, Sweet Grass, Harding (the only county in South Dakota), and Park counties. Only about 6.2% of the acreage lies in South Dakota.

Wildlife
A relatively rare type of small falcon known as the merlin is found here in greater concentrations than anywhere else in the United States. Mammalian species of coyote, bighorn sheep, marmot, mule deer, wolf packs, grizzly bear, moose, bobcat, pronghorn, cougar, mountain goat, black bear, elk, and bison.

History
Custer National Forest was established by the U.S. Forest Service as Otter National Forest on March 2, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the name was changed to Custer. On January 13, 1920 the entire Sioux National Forest was added, which now comprises the Sioux Ranger District of Custer, extending into South Dakota. Sioux had previously absorbed Cave Hills, Ekalaka, Long Pine, Short Pine and Slim Buttes National Forests on July 1, 1908. On February 17, 1932 Custer absorbed a portion of Beartooth National Forest, which now comprises the Beartooth District.

title: Custer National Forest


text:
Citadelle Laferrière

The Citadelle Laferrière (Sitadèl-Laferyè), commonly known as La Citadelle ("The Citadel"), is a large early 19th-century fortress located in Milot in Nord, Haiti. It is situated on the Bonnet à l'Evêque mountaintop located approximately 8 km uphill from the town of Milot, 27 km south of the city of Cap-Haïtien, and 15 km southwest of the Three Bays Protected Area.

The Citadelle Laferrière was commissioned by Haitian revolutionary Henri Christophe, for whom it is also named Citadelle Henri Christophe, and built by tens of thousands of former slaves. It was the main fortification of the newly independent First Empire of Haiti's defensive strategy against a potential French incursion. The Citadelle is one of few Africans in New World-derived military fortifications in the New World, as well as the first example of African-derived colonial architecture. Designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1982 along with the Sans-Souci Palace, also commissioned by Christophe, the fortress is universally regarded as a landmark of Haiti.

History
The Citadelle was commissioned in 1805 by Henri Christophe and completed in 1820. The fortress was built as part of a system of fortifications designed to thwart potential foreign incursions; notably the French (Haiti was under French domination, the Haitians defeated them and built the fortress to prevent them seizing the country again; it turned out to be unnecessary, for Napoleon, occupied with his European campaigns, never tried to regain the country). During the stronghold's conceptual phase, Christophe was a general in the Haitian army and chief administrator of the country's northern regions. The ensuing power struggle he had with his rival and fellow revolutionary Alexandre Pétion, would result in his self-declaration as king of Northern Haiti in 1811.

The Citadelle, built by forced labor that cost up to 20,000 lives, was built several kilometres inland atop the 900 m Bonnet à l’Eveque mountain, as a means of providing the optimal military vantage point. The location enabled Haitian forces to strategically keep watch over a vast distance, from the nearby valleys to the coastline. Cap-Haïtien and the adjoining Atlantic Ocean are visible from the roof of the fortress. It is the largest fortress in Haiti and one of the largest in the New World; it continues to serve as a symbol of Haitian independence.

The Haitians outfitted the fortress with 365 cannons of varying size, assembled from the abandoned munitions left behind by the European forces that formerly occupied the island. The enormous stockpiles of cannonballs still sit in pyramidal stacks at the base of the fortress walls. Since its construction, the fortress has withstood numerous earthquakes, though a French attack never came and it was eventually abandoned.

In the event of an invasion, Christophe planned to have his military burn the valuable crops and food stocks along the coast, then retreat to the fortress, setting ambushes along the sole mountain path leading to the Citadelle.

Christophe suffered a stroke in 1820, and some of his troops mutinied. Shortly afterwards, he committed suicide—according to legend, by shooting himself with a silver bullet. Loyal followers covered his body in quicklime and entombed it in one of the Citadelle's interior courtyards to prevent others from mutilating the corpse.

Description
The colossal physical dimensions of the fortress have made it a Haitian national symbol, featured on currency, stamps, and tourist ministry posters. The fortress walls rise 40 m from the mountaintop and the entire complex, including cannonball stocks but excluding the surrounding grounds, covers an area of 10000 m2. Workers laid the large foundation stones of the fortress directly into the stone of the mountaintop, using a mortar mixture that included quicklime, molasses, and the blood of local cows and goats—and cows hooves that they cooked to a glue and added to the mix to give the mortar added strength and bonding power.

Large cisterns and storehouses in the fortress's interior were designed to store enough food and water for 5,000 defenders for up to one year. The fortress included palace quarters for the king and his family, in the event that they needed to take refuge within its walls. Other facilities included dungeons, bathing quarters, and bakery ovens. Also visible is the tomb of Christophe's brother-in-law, killed when the gunpowder room he was in exploded.

The Citadelle's appearance from the trail leading up to its base has been likened to the prow of a great stone ship, jutting out from the mountainside. The structure is angular and assumes different geometric forms based on the viewer's orientation. Some of the angles on the Citadelle were intentionally put there by Christophe to deviate cannonballs if attacked and the Epaulette is a great example of using angles to deviate and deflect shots. Though most of the fortress has no roof as such (the interior top is a latticework of stone walkways), some slanted portions are adorned with bright red tiles. The fortress has been repaired and refurnished several times since its construction, including in the 1980s with help from UNESCO and the World Monuments Fund, though little of it has been replaced and its design remains the same.

Tourism
The Citadelle is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Haiti. Directions to and history of the fortress are provided by self-appointed guides from the town of Milot. Near the entrance to Sans-Souci Palace, which is at the start of the trail to the Citadelle, visitors may be asked to pay a small fee. Visitors are also encouraged to rent a horse for the uphill trek. The first portion of the 11 kilometre (7 mi) trail is navigable by 4WD vehicle, although infrequent landslides and construction projects sometimes make this unreliable. Numerous people live along the trail and sell souvenirs or drinks, such as fresh coconut juice, to travelers. The trail is paved stone, generally smooth and in good condition. About three-quarters of the way up from the parking lot, visitors must complete the final portion on horseback or on foot. The entire 11-kilometre (7 mi) trail, starting in Milot, is almost completely uphill, but can be walked by experienced hikers who carry plenty of water. Most of the interior of the Citadelle fortress itself is accessible to visitors, who may also climb the numerous staircases to the fortress's roof, which is free of guardrails. On a clear day, the city of Cap-Haïtien and the Atlantic Ocean can be seen to the north. Because of its elevation, the top of the Citadelle is used by United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) for a Radio repeater, with an antenna on the highest point.

Though the turbulent political situation in Haiti (principally in the central region) has deterred visitors in recent years, the regions of the north and south of the country remain largely peaceful, making travel to the Citadel less challenging or hazardous than travel within the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince.

Conservation and safety concerns

After visiting the Citadelle in July 2012, Haitian President Michel Martelly heavily criticized the Haitian National Institute for Historic Preservation (ISPAN) — the organization tasked with preserving Haiti's cultural heritage sites — describing the site as in a state of disrepair and calling ISPAN's efforts "unacceptable". His visit was intended to assess the state of the Citadel for conservation, but he refused to visit its upper levels, deeming them unsafe for visitors.

The Global Heritage Fund, a California-based non-profit organization, has investigated the Citadelle for monument conservation, community development, training and cultural heritage revitalization. The project would focus on both the Citadelle and nearby Sans-Souci Palace, with hopes of preserving the structures as safe tourism sites to promote sustainable local economic growth.

title: Citadelle Laferrière


text: User talk:61.246.20.149

title: User talk:61.246.20.149


text:
Joel Murray

Joel Murray (born April 17, 1963) is an American actor. He is well known for his roles in the television series Mad Men, Grand, Love & War, Dharma & Greg, Still Standing, and Shameless. He has also appeared in films including God Bless America and Monsters University.

Early life
Murray was born and raised in Wilmette, Illinois, to Lucille (née Collins; 1921–1988), a mail room clerk, and Edward Joseph Murray II (1921–1967), a lumber salesman. He grew up in an Irish Catholic family.

One of nine siblings, he is the younger brother of actors Bill Murray, Brian Doyle-Murray, and John Murray. A sister, Nancy, is an Adrian Dominican Sister in Michigan, who toured the U.S. portraying St. Catherine of Siena. His brother Ed died in 2020. Their father died in 1967 at the age of 46 from complications of diabetes.

In high school at Loyola Academy, Murray was captain of the football team and the lead actor in one of the school's musicals. His entertainment career began in Chicago, Illinois, where he performed at various improvisational theaters, including the Improv Olympic, the Improv Institute, and The Second City.

Career
Murray voiced Cheetos mascot Chester Cheetah from the character's inception in 1986 until 1997. He was replaced by Pete Stacker in 1997.

In 1989 Murray performed at Second City (71st Revue) in The Gods Must Be Lazy.

Murray starred in the 1990 television series Grand, the 1991 comedy series Pacific Station, the 1992 comedy series Love & War as Ray Litvak, and the ABC series Dharma & Greg as Pete Cavanaugh. Murray also featured in commercials for First Chicago NBD. He provided his voice for the short-lived 1994 series Beethoven and the TV series 3-South. He played the supporting character "Fitz" on CBS's sitcom Still Standing. He appeared as Eddie Jackson on Showtime's series Shameless in 2011.

Murray's first film role was in the 1986 comedy film One Crazy Summer as George Calamari. His other roles include the 1988 comedy film Scrooged, with his brothers Bill, Brian, and John. He appeared in the 1992 movie Shakes the Clown with One Crazy Summer co-stars Bob Goldthwait and Tom Villard.

In the first, second, fourth, fifth and seventh seasons of the Emmy-winning AMC TV series Mad Men, Murray had a recurring role and appeared in 15 episodes as copywriter, Freddy Rumsen. He has made guest appearances on television shows such as The Nanny, Joan of Arcadia, Two and a Half Men, Malcolm in the Middle, Criminal Minds, and Blossom.

In the 2012 film God Bless America he portrays Frank, a man whose contempt for superficiality and meanness in American society sends him over the edge and into a killing spree.

In the 2013 Pixar film Monsters University he provides the voice of Don Carlton, a middle-aged monster who is a college student and salesman.

In April 2014, Murray replaced Chip Esten in the improv-comedy troupe Whose Live Anyway? and performs with Whose Line Is It Anyway? cast members Ryan Stiles, Greg Proops and Jeff B. Davis. He also portrayed Ted in the comedy horror film Bloodsucking Bastards.

Personal life
Murray has been married to Eliza Coyle since 1989 and they have four children. He and his brothers own a country club themed restaurant, the Murray Brothers "Caddyshack" (run by his brother Andy), named after the 1980 comedy film Caddyshack that starred his brothers Bill and Brian, located in the World Golf Village resort near St. Augustine, Florida. In 2018, they opened a second location in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois.

title: Joel Murray


text:
Talk:James J. Martin (historian)

anarcho-capitalist?
Are you sure he was an anarcho-capitalist? I see it said that he was an "individualist anarchist" influenced by Tucker. RJII 06:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

"criticism"/Miller
I'm not sure why there is a paragraph on Miller's The Crucible. Lots of people have published criticism; was this a major aspect of Martin's career? Otherwise it seems wholly un-notable. Moreover, it's uncited -- where is this criticism? And it's unintelligible -- I can't tell if Martin said that the protagonist was not heroic, and he was not heroic because; or if he said that the protagonist was heroic, but for two reasons. I'm deleting the paragraph from the text and putting it here for someone else to work with. It includes my minor rewrite for clarity in the first half of the paragraph, and my cn template. Lquilter (talk) 16:25, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * He also published criticism. For instance, of Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Martin said that John Proctor is not heroic merely because he points the finger at himself, but because his story allows him to point out the evil in his environment, the enemy of man's freedom, here the repressive structures of society that would take a man's name.Undercutting his credibility? Maybe just undercutting his popularity in some circles. Can you supply some links as to his holocaust thoughts? He may be a good source - why did he and others think that the holocaust was being used as a cover/deversion for WW2? I hope WW2 wasn't a "preemptive" strike against Germany et al - some preWW2 writings seem to suggest that we ( the Allies) were hunting for a reason - wiki occasionally hits a homer.159.105.80.141 (talk) 19:29, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:James J. Martin (historian)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/True Ogre

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. See also Votes for deletion/Tekken characters. --Tony Sidaway Talk 03:35, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

True Ogre
Computer game character; not widely notable; no encyclopediac contnet; Merge to article on the game or a list of characters in the game. DES 06:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: User has already created Votes for deletion/Tekken characters, so I see no need whatsoever for this redundant VfD. jglc | t | c 14:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * FYI I created this and several other Tekken VfDs on new page patrol, then saw Votes for deletion/Tekken characters which someone else had already created, and pointed the rest of the character list at that. DES 17:39, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "Merge" is right out because List of Tekken characters was already too long, and User:Mitaphane has taken it upon him/herself to splice some characters out, including this one.  I'm not a fan of Tekken, so I can't judge notability for myself, but hey: innocent until proven guilty, right?  **Marblespire 20:26, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No. Not notable until notability is established. If the lsit is too long, create sub-lists by game or some other useful classification, such characters are simply not notable enough for separate articles. DES 21:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to List of Tekken characters. JamesBurns 07:58, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.