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3D GameStudio

3D GameStudio or 3DGS is a pan 3D computer game development system which allows the users to create 3D games and other virtual reality applications, and publish them royalty-free. It includes a model/terrain editor, a level editor, a script editor/debugger and comes with a big collection of textures, models and artwork, as well as a game template system that allows the creation of basic shooter games or RPGs without programming. For complex games or other applications, either the integrated programming language named Lite-C or an external development language such as Visual C++ or Borland Delphi can be used.

Gamestudio is marketed at users of various skill levels, providing three different levels of usage ("beginner", "advanced", and "professional") for hobbyists, artists, as well as programmers. Additionally, Conitec also markets the system for uses such as advergame development and the creation of real-time presentations, simulations, and virtual exhibitions. Most published titles made from Gamestudio are created by development teams of only 2 to 3 developers. There is also a large online community of users in support of the development system.

History

 * 1993: ACK 3D (Animation Construction Kit) by Lary Myers (Wolfenstein-like open source engine)
 * 1994: ACK NEXT GENERATION by Johann Christian Lotter / oP Group (improved version of ACK 3D, open source)
 * 1995: ACKNEX-2 written for the German TV show X-BASE (engine comparable to Doom)
 * 1995: ACKNEX-2 becomes Conitec property and is released as '3D GameStudio'
 * 1997: ACKNEX-3 released
 * 1999: A4 released (Windows Based Quake-like Engine)
 * 2000: A5 released (Terrain Engine)
 * 2003: A6 released (Physics and Shaders)
 * 2007: A7 released (new ABT renderer and Lite-C)
 * 2010: A8 released (Enet Network Library, Nvidia PhysX, PSSM)

Free updates are normally available once every 4 to 8 weeks. Gamestudio / A8 has 2 different meanings. The Gamestudio part refers to the editors and game template system, but the A8 part refers to the game engine.

Game engine
The A8 engine uses panes for physics simulation. The engine automatically updates the game state on all machines when playing over a network, but also provides functions for more low-level multiplayer programming. It uses an ABT (Adaptive Binary Tree) renderer for indoor and outdoor levels, and an additional BSP renderer for indoor levels. The BSP renderer is only available in the Pro edition. The free edition and Extra edition don't support shaders.

The engine supports high resolutions, terrain rendering, pre-rendered shadow maps and dynamic stencil shadows (single dynamic shadows for models). The 2D system (GUI system) of the A8 Engine is not very powerful (see scripting section), but replaceable using the 3D system if needed. Using Lite-C, most things can be customized. Shader model 3.0 support and post-processing using stages may assist shader programmers in chaining together effects to produce any number of custom-made shader effects.

The editors
Gamestudio supplies users with an editing suite. However, software like Blender, 3ds Max, Maya and Adobe Photoshop or GIMP can also be used to create professional imagery and models for Gamestudio.

The editors allow users to put together games by creating a terrain or building environment, inserting models, and adding behaviors to them from template scripts or own scripts. If desired, users can create their own models and designs, textures, and scripts. Textures are created in external paint programs like GIMP, Photoshop, Paintshop Pro or Microsoft Paint.

The world editor (WED)
The World Editor (or WED for short), is the main editor. With it, the user may position the various objects, assign actions to models (also known as entities) which are defined through scripts, assign textures to level geometry, and build levels using the Binary space partitioning tree (or BSP for short) technique.

WED is the main program of Gamestudio, the user can startup their game from here, attach the scripts to it, etc. WED is the location where the user can merge all the parts of their game (programming, 3d graphics, levels).

The layout for WED is fairly simple. The main part, the central right section, is where most of the editing is done. There are three graphs and a 3D view. Through re-arrangeable, the top left window is the top view, which has the X and Y coordinates. The bottom left is the side view, or the X and Z coordinates. The bottom right is the back view, or the Y and Z coordinates. The top right is the 3D view, which gives a quick preview of the level without building (compiling) it.

The graphs are split into multiples of 128 and further split into multiples of 16 to help with snapping and spacing. The graphs will automatically resize when zoomed out a bit and in steps of multiples of 8 (1024 and 128 then 8192 and 1024).

The left central section lists objects in the level, textures, and some other things. Textures must be of a power of 2 (such as 256×128, 1024×256, or 64×64) for best effects. Odd ones (like 394×213 or 723×1280) look worse and are slower at rendering.

The top is the tool bar which allows the user to manipulate objects, add new objects (such as entities, sounds, and lights), build a level, run it, and several other options.

When right-clicking on something and choosing properties, the user can manually enter a position, assign an action to an entity, or adjust textures on the individual sides of a block.

A disadvantage of WED is its incapability to do anything without blocks or terrain. E.g. it is really hard to build a street (that is not just a plane), because it is nearly impossible to move the blocks in the perfect position, so no "steps" or gaps are in the street (it is just not possible to get the edges of the blocks perfectly together, the snap-to-grid-feature helps only when using nearly non-rotated blocks). Triangles or a snap-block-edge-to-block-edge feature would fix that and would make it possible to make a more complex floor out of more than one single block without gaps or steps.

The model editor (MED)
Though many users prefer to use external modeling programs, the model editor (or MED for short), gives you the capabilities to design models, and is sometimes used to make levels. Models can be made of anything ranging from simple boxes, to human models or complex environments like an entire city. Models are made of meshes, a group of vertices and triangles (often called "polygons") put together to form a shape; a skeleton of bones for animation; one or several textures for the skin; and effect files (.fx) for shaders.

Like WED, MED's general layout is almost the same. It has the three graphs and the 3D view. They are arranged in the same way as WED.

MED is somewhat like WED in the general layout, but MED also has a skin editor, which allows the model to be textured. The skin editor has a completely different layout. The texture is shown on the left side and the model is shown on the right with tool bars surrounding these. Textures are frequently created in external graphics editors and imported from a BMP, TGA, or PCX image file. MED uses UV mapping which has vertices from the model's mesh placed on the texture to texture the model.

Model shapes are created either through primitives (like cubes and pyramids) or by creating vertices and building faces. Models don't have to follow the restrictions that BSP has which, along with faster rendering, makes them a better choice for level design in most cases.

The script editor (SED)
The script editor, SED, is a plain text editor with a compiler and debugger. However, key words like "function", "alpha", variable types, or numbers are highlighted in different colors for ease of identification, line numbers help to find syntax errors given by the engine faster, a code jumper allows jumping to different functions, actions and objects, and other functions further assist in programming and organizing projects. The script editor is used to program in Lite-c or C-Script (a scripting language somewhat similar to C used in previous generations but supported for compatibility's sake).

The game editor (GED)
GED is just like WED, but creating levels in realview (realtime). It doesn't support creating blocks or lights, yet.

Scripting and Programming
Gamestudio uses two different types of script, C-Script and Lite-C.

C-Script was the old scripting language of Gamestudio. It is still supported, but was replaced by Lite-C in A7 and is not recommended anymore for new projects. C-Script is a simplified version of C programming. It only includes one type of variable, a var, and does not support classes.

Lite-C was introduced in 2007. It is similar to the real C language, but includes many aspects that make it easier than C. Unlike C-Script, Lite-C supports the full C/C++ variable set, structs, and external classes, and is compiled instead of interpreted. It offers access to the DirectX command set as well as to the Windows API. Lite-C supports classes from external libraries, but a user cannot define their own classes in Lite-C. There is also a free standalone version of Lite-C, which can be used separately from Gamestudio.

Intense X
The Intense X plug-in is designed to assist in creation within Gamestudio without programming, integrating into the level editor. Intense X uses artificial intelligence and pathfinding engines that attempt to remove the “cookie cutter” look that often accompanies other game design packages. Intense X is open source and can be expanded and customized for users with programming experience.

The editions
Gamestudio has four different editions. All editions come with free updates within an engine version (Free within A8, but not from A7.x to A8.x). They also all come with the model editor, level editor, and script editor. Games created in all editions may be published with the exception of Team editions.

 * The Free edition has WED level editor, the shadow mapping compiler and the game template system that allows 'clicking together' games from prefabricated scripts and components. Scripts are compiled at runtime and there is a watermark on the game screen.
 * The Extra edition adds the ability to create precompiled scripts. It costs $99.
 * The Commercial edition adds multiplayer networking and shaders. It costs $199.
 * The Professional Edition is for commercial game companies and includes security mechanisms and a file packer. It costs $899.

There are three main online magazines which provide new tips, tricks and tutorials. Two of them (3AM and 3PM) are paid for, while the third, Acknex User Magazine (AUM for short) is free, created and published monthly by George Dan Pirvu.

In addition to the manual, there are several tutorials available ranging from basic things such as how to use WED, MED, and/or SED to more advanced things such as how to design multiplayer levels, editing shades, or creating interactive environments.

A special license term restricts the use of Gamestudio to applications that do not "propagate genocide against a certain group, race, nation or religion existing in today's real world".

Games
Games that have used GameStudio include

 * Skaphander: Der Auftrag (1995, NAVIGO Multimedia GmbH & Co. Produktions KG) - Germany
 * H.U.R.L. (1995, Millennium Media Group) - USA
 * Angst: Rahz's Revenge (1996, ManMachineGames) - USA
 * Incidente em Varginha (1998, Perceptum) - Brazil
 * Mr. Pibb: The 3D Interactive Game (1998, BrandGames, Mr. Pibb) - USA
 * Saints of Virtue (1999, Shine Studios, Cactus Game Design) - USA
 * Hades 2 (1999, Espaço Informática) - Brazil
 * Taco Bell: Tasty Temple Challenge (2000, BrandGames, Taco Bell) - USA
 * Under Ash (2002, Afkar Media) - Syria
 * Bhagat Singh (2002, Mitashi Edutainment Pvt. Ltd.) - India
 * W.A.R Soldiers (2002, MissionFailed de, IncaGold, AsylumGames) - Germany
 * Funny Pizza Land (2002, Roman, GOBBOGOES) - Europe
 * Airborne Hero: D-Day Frontline 1944 (2004, MissionFailed de, AsylumGames) - Germany
 * Ardennes Offensive - Operation "Rhine Watch" - Winter 1944 (2004, MissionFailed de, AsylumGames) - Germany
 * War Train Normandie 1944 (2004, MissionFailed de, AsylumGames) - Germany
 * Terminal Machine (2006, ColdShock Studios, AsylumGames) - Germany
 * Daemonica (2005, Cinemax) - Czech Republic
 * Kabus 22 (2006, Son Isik LTD, Merscom LLC) - Turkey
 * Kabus 22: Demolition Day (2006, Son Isik LTD) - Turkey
 * Star Assault (2007, Kalypso - GamesArk Entertainment) - Germany
 * Citroën C4 Robot (2008, 2GEN Studio, Citroën Turkey) - Turkey
 * Dejobaan's Windows Games - USA
 * Razor2: Hidden Skies (2010, Invent4 Entertainment, Strategy First) - Brazil
 * Süpercan (2010, Sobee Studios, TTÇocuk) - Turkey
 * Minotaur (2012, Pig Farmer Games) - USA
 * Halloween (2013, Pig Farmer Games) - USA
 * Zula: BattleRoyale (2016, MadByte Games) - Turkey
 * Rigid Force Alpha (2018, com8com1 Software) - Germany
 * Pogostuck: Rage With Your Friends (2019, Hendrik Felix Pohl) - Germany

title: 3D GameStudio


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User:John-1107

This user is now using User:The One Terminators, but his contributions have not yet been merged.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:John-1107


text:
User talk:John-1107

This user is now using User talk:The One Terminators, but his contributions have not yet been merged.

Please stop vandalizing the Halo 3 article
You have continually vandalized the Halo 3 page with this "plot" nonsnese, and then replied to it's deletion with a string of hate words and censor bypasses. Please stop.

World Citizen userbox,
Hi, I noticed the message saying you're a World Citizen, I would like to invite you to add to your user page if you wish to proclaim it in a more effective way, and this template will also add you automatically to the Wikipedians with World Citizenship category. :) --Mistress Selina Kyle 23:54, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Please check your WP:NA entry
Greetings, editor! Your name appears on List of non-admins with high edit counts. If you have not done so lately, please take a look at that page and check your listing to be sure that following the particulars are correct: Thank you, and have a wiki wiki day! BD2412 T 03:55, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) If you are an admin, please remove your name from the list.
 * 2) If you are currently interested in being considered for adminship, please be sure your name is in bold; if you are opposed to being considered for adminship, please cross out your name (but do not delete it, as it will automatically be re-added in the next page update).
 * 3) Please check to see if you are in the right category for classification by number of edits.

Word of Blake
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Word of Blake, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of Word of Blake. Judgesurreal777 (talk) 22:31, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Invasion of Naboo
An editor has nominated Invasion of Naboo, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not").

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AfD nomination of Chronology of Star Wars
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Chronology of Star Wars. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

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Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:12, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Category:Halo factions has been nominated for discussion
Category:Halo factions, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to see if it abides with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 12:58, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:John-1107


text: Category:Rock music groups by nationality


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1909 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1909.

Explorations

 * Discovery of the Burgess Shale Cambrian fossil site in the Canadian Rockies by palaeontologist Charles Walcott of the Smithsonian Institution.

Excavations

 * Excavation of Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester Roman Town) in England by the Society of Antiquaries of London completed (begun in 1890).
 * Excavations at Ritsona in Boeotia by Ronald Burrows and Percy and Annie Ure of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens begin (completed in 1922).
 * Excavations at Villa of Mysteries at Pompeii begin.
 * At Knap Hill in Wiltshire, England, the first excavation of a causewayed enclosure, by Ben and Maud Cunnington, is completed (begun in 1908).

Finds

 * Betatakin ruins discovered by Byron Cummings

Miscellaneous

 * The National Trust purchases White Barrow on Salisbury Plain in England, its first archaeological site.

Births

 * January 8 – Nikolaos Platon, Greek archaeologist (d. 1992)
 * December 10 – Robert Wauchope, American archaeologist and anthropologist (d. 1979)
 * Su Bingqi, Chinese archaeologist (d. 1997)

title: 1909 in archaeology


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Broadcast encryption

Broadcast encryption is the cryptographic problem of delivering encrypted content (e.g. TV programs or data on DVDs) over a broadcast channel in such a way that only qualified users (e.g. subscribers who have paid their fees or DVD players conforming to a specification) can decrypt the content. The challenge arises from the requirement that the set of qualified users can change in each broadcast emission, and therefore revocation of individual users or user groups should be possible using broadcast transmissions, only, and without affecting any remaining users. As efficient revocation is the primary objective of broadcast encryption, solutions are also referred to as revocation schemes.

Rather than directly encrypting the content for qualified users, broadcast encryption schemes distribute keying information that allows qualified users to reconstruct the content encryption key whereas revoked users find insufficient information to recover the key. The typical setting considered is that of a unidirectional broadcaster and stateless users (i.e., users do not keep bookmarking of previous messages by the broadcaster), which is especially challenging. In contrast, the scenario where users are supported with a bi-directional communication link with the broadcaster and thus can more easily maintain their state, and where users are not only dynamically revoked but also added (joined), is often referred to as multicast encryption.

The problem of practical broadcast encryption has first been formally studied by Amos Fiat and Moni Naor in 1994. Since then, several solutions have been described in the literature, including combinatorial constructions, one-time revocation schemes based on secret sharing techniques, and tree-based constructions. In general, they offer various trade-offs between the increase in the size of the broadcast, the number of keys that each user needs to store, and the feasibility of an unqualified user or a collusion of unqualified users being able to decrypt the content. Luby and Staddon have used a combinatorial approach to study the trade-offs for some general classes of broadcast encryption algorithms. A particularly efficient tree-based construction is the "subset difference" scheme, which is derived from a class of so-called subset cover schemes. The subset difference scheme is notably implemented in the AACS for HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc encryption. A rather simple broadcast encryption scheme is used for the CSS for DVD encryption.

The problem of rogue users sharing their decryption keys or the decrypted content with unqualified users is mathematically insoluble. Traitor tracing algorithms aim to minimize the damage by retroactively identifying the user or users who leaked their keys, so that punitive measures, legal or otherwise, may be undertaken. In practice, pay TV systems often employ set-top boxes with tamper-resistant smart cards that impose physical restraints on a user learning their own decryption keys. Some broadcast encryption schemes, such as AACS, also provide tracing capabilities.

title: Broadcast encryption


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Potoooooooo

Potoooooooo or variations of Pot-8-Os (1773 – November 1800) was an 18th-century thoroughbred racehorse who won over 25 races and placed higher than some of the most prominent racehorses of his time. He went on to be an important sire, whose leading runners included Epsom Derby winners Waxy, Champion, and Tyrant. He is best known for the unusual spelling of his name, pronounced Potatoes.

Background
Potoooooooo (also spelled Pot-8-Os, Pot8Os, Pot8O's, or Pot 8 Os in various sources) was a chestnut colt bred by Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon, in 1773. He was sired by the undefeated Eclipse. He was the first foal out of Sportsmistress, who was sired by Warren's Sportsman and traced to Thwaites' Dun Mare from family number 38 on her dam's side.

The origin of his name has several different versions. According to the most common, Bertie intended to call the young colt "Potato" and instructed the stable boy to write the name on a feed bin. The stable boy spelled the name as "Potoooooooo" (Pot followed by 8 "o"s; that is, a failed attempt at spelling phonetically), which so amused Bertie that he adopted the spelling. Subsequent writers have used a variety of spellings that reflect the intended revised pronunciation, "Potatoes". In The Jockey Club's online database equineline.com, the name is spelled as Pot8O's. The General Stud Book uses Potoooooooo.

Racing career
Potoooooooo raced from 1776 to 1783, accumulating from 28 to 34 wins from an estimated 40 starts, mostly in 4-mile races on Newmarket's Beacon course. In 1776, he won a 100 guinea sweepstakes at Newmarket's first spring meeting. In 1777 at age four, he finished second in two Newmarket races for 4-year-old colts, third at Nottingham, and fifth in the Great Subscription Purse at York.

In 1778 at age five, Potoooooooo was entered in the 1200 Guineas Stakes at Newmarket's first spring meeting. During the race, Bertie sold the horse to Richard Grosvenor, 1st Earl Grosvenor for 1,500 guineas. Potoooooooo won the race and subsequently raced under Grosvenor's yellow and black silks. His subsequent wins that year included the 140 guineas subscription purse at the second spring meeting, a subscription at Ipswich, a £50 purse at Swaffham and another subscription race at Newmarket's second October meeting.

In 1779 at age six, he won a number of races at Newmarket, including the Gold Cup, a walkover for the Clermont Cup and the October Cup. In 1780, he again won several races at Newmarket, including the 140 guineas subscription purse where he beat King Fergus, the Jockey Club Plate and another walkover in the Clermont Cup. He also raced twice against Sir Charles Davers' Woodpecker, Herod's best son from these years, winning once.

In 1781, he won the Jockey Club Plate and the Whip, both by walkover, plus a 400 guineas sweep. In October, he received 85 guineas "by common consent" as a reward for not starting in the 140 guineas subscription purse. In 1782, he had a third walkover in the Clermont, won the Jockey Club Plate for a third time, and was victorious in the Craven Stakes, beating thirteen mostly younger horses. In 1783 at age ten, he won the Whip at Newmarket, but lost a 300 guineas match race to Assassin, who had won the previous year's Derby, and a 200 guineas sweepstakes.

Stud career
In 1784, Potoooooooo was retired to stud at Oxcroft Farm near Balsham, Cambridgeshire, where he mostly covered mares owned by Grosvenor. For other mares, his stud fee was initially 5 guineas, gradually increasing to 21 guineas. In 1796, he was relocated to Upper Hare Park near Newmarket. During his career, Potoooooooo sired 172 winners of £61,971. His leading offspring include:
 * Nightshade (foaled 1785), winner of the Oaks in 1788
 * Asparagus (1787), a good runner and sire of Rhoda (winner of the 1000 Guineas in 1816)
 * Waxy (1790), who won the Derby Stakes in 1793 and ten other races. Waxy was the leading sire in 1810 and is responsible for the continuation of the Eclipse sire line to the present day.
 * Sister to Edwin (1794), taproot mare of Family 3-i and the subsequent branch Family 3-l
 * Champion (1797), the first horse to win both the Derby and the St. Leger Stakes (in 1800)
 * Tyrant (1799), Derby winner in 1802
 * Parasol (1800), who won many races and was a dam of Classic winners Pindarrie (2000 Guineas) and Pastille (Oaks and 2000 Guineas)
 * Mandane (1800), taproot mare of Family 11-g. Dam of Manuella (1812 Oaks Stakes), Altisidora (St Leger), Lottery (Doncaster Cup) and Brutandorf (Chester Cup)

Potoooooooo died in November 1800 at the age of 27 and was buried at Hare Park. Some 200 years later, his skeleton was uncovered when a tree blew over. The skeleton is on display at the Kings Yard Galleries of the National Horseracing Museum in Newmarket.

Pedigree
Potoooooooo was sired by the undefeated Eclipse, who was also a very successful stallion even though he never led the sire list. His dam was Sportsmistress, whose dam Golden Locks was inbred 2 × 2 to Crab – he was both her maternal and paternal grandsire. Sportsmistress would produce a total of 11 foals including Sir Thomas, winner of the 1788 Derby.

Pot-8-Os is inbred 4 × 4 to the Godolphin Arabian and Crab, meaning these stallions both appear twice in the fourth generation of Potoooooooo's pedigree.

title: Potoooooooo


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Talk:Guitar solo

Changes
I made some significant changes here... hope I didn't annoy whoever did the nice job of writing the original article. I felt the rock-specific stuff needed to be clearly separated from the more general stuff, and I hope I did that. I also liked the fact that the article mentioned the minor pentatonic as an important scale in rock solos, and decided to expand on that a bit. Finally, I started a list of jazz guitarists.

Two things I didn't want to do straight off the bat:

1. I hate the descriptions of Hendrix, Zappa etc at the beginning fo the rock-specific section. I think these are just plain wrong, or at least very subjective. Anyone object if I completely rewrite this para?

2. IMHO the list of rock guitarists is way too long. We should have maybe up to a dozen historically important players and move this list into a separate "list of rock guitarists" page. It has far too many obscure names on it to be useful here.

Let me know what you think about these as I suspect they may be more controversial than my other changes.

Ornette 17:08, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the changes, and I hope you can spare some more time on the article. Regarding 1) Not at all, please do, and 2) Agreed. — Matt Crypto 14:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Also -- any objection to removing the troll at the top of this discussion?

Ornette 13:41, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. — Matt Crypto 14:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Also -- is the comment at the top of this discussion genuine (in which case it's an example of why this page shouldn't degenerate into a list of 'my favourite heavy metal guitarists') or is it just a troll?

Ornette 14:00, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hard to be certain, but it has little to do with the topic of writing an encyclopedia article, so I think we're better without it. — Matt Crypto 14:10, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Hi Matt -- we collided while I was in the midst of another big-ish reorganisation -- I've tried to take account of your change but pls check to make sure I didn't mess up your intention. I'd better leave this alone for a while now...

Ornette 14:56, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Removed Billy Corgan and Kurt Cobain as notable soloists, because neither is notable in the least for their solo ability.

As "promised", I've moved the "notable soloists" lists to other pages. I think the result is a bit cleaner. Ornette 16:07, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Spinal Tap?
No discussion of the guitar solo can be complete without some mention of the classic scene in This Is Spinal Tap where Nigel Tufnel plays a solo scraping a violin across his guitar. Someone wanna write this up? A screen cap from the film would be good too, which I'd do except my copy of the film was stolen by junkie scumbags. Shermozle 10:43, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

i thought that was jimmy page of led zeppelin??? unless the guy from spinal tap copied him. --JBrocksthehouse (talk) 03:02, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Removed a commercial link
I removed a link to a web site run by a guitar teacher and selling instructional materials. There are a lot of sites offering this kind of service and it would be inappropriate for Wikipedia to promote any particular one. Ornette 16:22, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

bass solos need their own page
i was surprised by the redirect, as they are often quite different. at least a stub would be nice. Joeyramoney 19:16, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Agreed. I don't think they belong here either. Vytal 05:16, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Bass solos: "Although the solos are usually just the same set of notes used for the song, they are repeated quickly and played on a quicker tempo." Whats this crap? Bass solos surely need their own professionally done page. I am ready to begin one but would it be alright to remove all info from this page and start one afresh?Leif edling (talk) 07:45, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Definitely needs to be on a seperate page. Anyone wanna sign up? Guitarplayer001 (talk) 02:49, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

longest guitar solo??
Where the hell did this come from: "The longest recorded guitar solo in history is in Free Bird by Lynyrd Skynyrd, at 4 minutes, 12 seconds"? There are tons of longer recorded solos. Look at any live Zeppelin or Cream album, for one.
 * There's also the 6-minute guitar solo at the end of CCR's "I Heard It through the Grapevine". —Gm1121983 01:39, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

The second solo [generally agreed to be performed by Dickey Betts] in the Allman Brothers Band "Mountain Jam" on "Eat a Peach" is significantly longer than 4:12.ROG 19 14:16, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

At Cunning Stunts, Jason Newsted did a bass solo clocking 5:12 -- PXK    T   /C  12:55, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Grunge solos
The article says that the guitar solo lost popularity in the late eighties, when in fact guitar solos were still prominent in the early nineties during the grunge era. I think the guitar solo lost popularity starting with post-grunge in the mid-nineties.

SoLowRockerMan: While I agree with you that they weren't exactly less popular, but the extened and highly musical solos from 80s metal disappeared (I have heard these termed "extended solos"). Bottom line: they are fundamentally different from what many people consider to be guitar solos even though they are still viable. This point needs clarification.

SoLowRockerMan (talk) 07:56, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposed Reformating
This article should probably be renamed Rock Solos instead of being too guitar centric. Perhaps including mention of piano solos (a la Jerry lee lewis?), synth solos (Van Halen/Yngwie Malmsteen), and bass solos (Billy Sheehan). What this article should probably be about is the concept and role that instumental solos played in the developement of Rock and metal (regardless of instrument) Justinmeister 15:26, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

I disagree. There is already a page about instrumental solos, I don't think there needs to be a rock solos page. Guitarplayer001 (talk) 02:51, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Fair use criteria
The use of images not in compliance with our fair-use criteria or our policy on nonfree content is not appropriate, and the images have been removed. Please do not restore them. — M o e   ε  18:46, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

Cliff never used a pick
i edited the part about punk and heavy metal bass solos which implied that cliff burton used a pick to solo... he didnt. Leif edling 11:53, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Bass on My Generation
John Entwistle never used a rickenbacker bass on my generation, it is widely known that he used the cheap danelectro long horn bass, wich he had to buy several times since the strings broke very easily and the cost of the bass was inferior to the price of the strings for that particular instrument. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.56.152.241 (talk) 18:53, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

It's me again, I found out on this site http://www.thewho.net/whotabs/equipment/bass/equip-entwistlegear-60-66.html that he recorded that solo on a Fender Jazz Bass. All the danelectros he bought had problems with the strings, and even the last one didn't made it through the studio's door since one string busted just before he went to record that bass part. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.56.162.232 (talk) 22:33, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Nothing about Dream Theater for the Bass Solo section?
I believe that John Myung of Dream Theater is one of the first, if not the first person to implement use of two hand tapping in bass solos. I think he maybe should be mentioned? ALSO I still think that Bass Solos should have it's own page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Guitarplayer001 (talk • contribs) 02:54, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Sweep picking
Get rid of the sweep picking animated gif/video. At best post a link, or at least ref to it in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.107.105.182 (talk) 14:51, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Why? Hyacinth (talk) 08:42, 27 April 2010 (UTC)

History section?
I just moved some history here from T-Bone Walker, and it seems to me like history should have its own section here, before the rock section. I don't have the time/knowledge to more to get it started, other than to drop names like Les Paul (duh!), maybe Arthur Smith, and Louis Jordan's guitarist Carl Hogan, whom Chuck Berry has cited as an influence. --John_Abbe (talk) 01:45, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Bass solo addition
I think it would be a great addition and a historical necessity to include the following in this topic:
 * John McVie of Fleetwod Mac performed a notable bass solo on The Chain from the 1977 record-setting Rumours album.

I believe the placement would be ideal under the following sentence as:
 * Cliff Burton's well known solo (Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth is featured, and is considered his greatest work by many. John McVie of Fleetwod Mac performed a notable bass solo on The Chain from the 1977 record-setting Rumours album.

Comments and input please. Source> back of the Rumours album cover. Master Tape (talk) 18:05, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Guitar solos in the 21st century
I may not be reading this article properly, but will somebody tell me if guitar solos in rock music are becoming popular again in the 21st century? And is the art of guitar soloing considered a dying breed? Mr. Brain (talk) 04:58, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

nonsense piled on nonsense
Let's begin with a somewhat basic question: what the hell is meant by solo?

Is a guitar that repeats a melody line "a solo"? Explain.

If that is indeed "a solo," then how is every vocal line not also "a solo"? Explain. (After all, having a song carried by one voice rather than a choral ensemble ought to be as significant as a guitarist one-noting away.)

Is a repeated riff (one- or two-string, say) "a solo"? Explain.

If not, does it become "a solo" if it's only played once in a track or composition? Explain.

Is an instrumental "a solo"? Explain.

Is one or more bars of a guitarist hammering away at elementary chords "a solo"? Explain.

(FWIW, in the studio we used terms like "guitar break" and "guitar fill" if that's what the songwriter originally had in mind.) Weeb Dingle (talk) 16:39, 31 January 2019 (UTC)

 * I think all your questions really need to be answered by the writer, but maybe he just wants to introduce the solo form of the guitar, which is not only one kind of guitar, but I think that the instrumental can also be solo. For example, the instrument I learned myself is percussion, which contains many instruments, and the instruments inside can be played solo or together. TTKelly (talk) 04:03, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

Necessity in the "Rock" section
Hello! I am just thinking out loud here, but I am wondering how necessary the second paragraph in the "rock" section is. I feel like a simple sentence could suffice whereabouts a solo is generally placed within the structure of the song, without necessarily explaining the whole verse-chorus structure. Perhaps linking to an article on musical structure might be more appropriate than getting into it here. Casualorangejuicefan (talk) 02:51, 23 March 2022 (UTC)casualorangejuicefan

title: Talk:Guitar solo


text:
Spirit of America (The Beach Boys album)

Spirit of America is a compilation album by the American rock band the Beach Boys. The follow-up to the compilation Endless Summer (1974), it was released on April 14, 1975, by Capitol Records. Although it features only a handful of genuine hits, instead composed of album tracks from the band's early LPs, Spirit of America proved to be another success for the Beach Boys' former label, reaching No. 8 in the US during a chart stay of 43 weeks and going gold.

Content
After the success of its predecessor Capitol rounded up the few remaining early hits that were not released on Endless Summer, as well as some album tracks, in addition to two rare singles, "The Little Girl I Once Knew" (1965) and "Break Away" (1969). As with Endless Summer, Spirit of America was compiled and released while the Beach Boys were contracted to Reprise Records and, as such, is not considered an "official" album.

The song "Dance, Dance, Dance" featured in this album was also one of two Beach Boys tracks included in a promotional-only various artists compilation album issued by Capitol Records entitled "The Greatest Music Ever Sold" (Capitol SPRO-8511/8512), which was distributed to record stores during the 1976 Holiday season, as part of Capitol's "Greatest Music Ever Sold" campaign which promoted 15 "Best Of" albums that were released by the record label. "Help Me, Rhonda" (the retitled original "Help Me, Ronda") from "Endless Summer" was the other Beach Boys song included.

As with the Endless Summer compilation, the 2-record set was pressed with Sides 1 & 4 on one disc and Sides 2 & 3 on the other.

The Spirit of America (and Endless Summer) cover art illustrator was Keith McConnell.

Other formats
Side 1 of the cassette version features all tracks from Sides 1 & 2 except "Tell Me Why", which was placed on Side 2 as the first track, followed by Sides 3 & 4

The Capitol Records 8-track tape (8XWW-11384) running order differs from the LP and cassette, and is as follows:

PROGRAM 1: Dance, Dance, Dance : Break Away : A Young Man Is Gone : The Little Girl I Once Knew : Spirit Of America

PROGRAM 2: Little Honda : Hushabye : Hawaii : Drive-In : Good To My Baby : Tell Me Why

PROGRAM 3: 409 : Do You Remember? : This Car Of Mine : Please Let Me Wonder : Why Do Fools Fall In Love : Barbara Ann

PROGRAM 4: Custom Machine : Salt Lake City : Don't Back Down : When I Grow Up (To Be A Man) : Do You Wanna Dance? : Graduation Day

Reissues
The album was also released as a limited-edition Gold CD by DCC Compact Classics, catalog number GZS-1089. It was mastered by Steve Hoffman and included 2 bonus tracks: "Darlin" and "I Can Hear Music". In addition, the live recording of "Graduation Day" was substituted with the studio version.

Track listing
All songs by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, except where noted.


text: Template:PD-RU-exempt

title: Template:PD-RU-exempt


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Manny Fernandez (ice hockey)

Emmanuel L. Fernandez (born August 27, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild and the Boston Bruins. Fernandez was born in Etobicoke, Ontario, but grew up in Kirkland, Quebec.

Playing career
Fernandez was drafted in the third round, 52nd overall, of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. Before playing in the NHL, he was traded to the Dallas Stars in 1994 for Tommy Sjödin and a third-round pick.

In June 2000, Fernandez was traded with Brad Lukowich to the Minnesota Wild for two draft picks, a 2000 third-round pick and a 2002 fourth-round pick.

During the 2002–03 NHL season, Fernandez shared netminding duties with Dwayne Roloson as the Wild made their first appearance in the postseason, defeating the Colorado Avalanche in the first round and the Vancouver Canucks in the second before falling to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the NHL Western Conference final.

During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Fernandez played for Luleå HF of Sweden's Elitserien.

In his earlier years, Fernandez was often criticized for having confidence and discipline issues and being inconsistent. In a 2006 interview, Fernandez credited his improvement to gaining maturity, becoming the Wild's number one goaltender after the departure of Dwayne Roloson, and a switch to the butterfly style of goaltending.

On June 30, 2007, Fernandez was traded to the Boston Bruins for forward Petr Kalus and a 2009 fourth-round pick. An injury plagued 2007–08 NHL season saw Fernandez play in only four games for the Bruins, recording a 2–2 record. However, during the 2008–09 NHL season, Fernandez and fellow Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas formed a goaltending duo, which earned them the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltenders playing for the team with the fewest allowed goals (196). Fernandez had a 16–8–3 record with a 2.59 goals against average (GAA).

Fernandez's contract with Boston expired after the 2008–09 season. With the Bruins preferring to proceed with Thomas and Tuukka Rask as their goaltenders, Fernandez became a free agent, but unsigned by any other team, retired from active play, although he made no formal retirement announcement.

Personal life
Fernandez is the nephew of former Montreal Canadiens, New Jersey Devils and Minnesota Wild head coach and Hall of Famer Jacques Lemaire, whom Fernandez played for from 2001 to 2007.

title: Manny Fernandez (ice hockey)


text:
User:Incontinent

Hello

title: User:Incontinent


text: Category:Spanish heavy metal musical groups


text:
Talk:Gravitron

Gravitron vs Starship 2000 vs Starship Exodus
What are the differences between the three? The only one I know of is that The floor on the Gravitron drops down whereas onteh starship exodus it does not. I also know that the Gravitron was much bigger (handling 1000 passengers per hour).

The Gravitron comes to our city fair, and I really don't think the floor drops.FrogTape 23:41, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

"These walls are fitted with cushions for each individual rider, on top of sliders which move up and down at Pseudo-random intervals."

I believe this is untrue. I've ridden the gravitron. the walls are angled outward at the top, so these panels are pulled upward by the centripital force. as the gravitron speeds and slows the force changes and the panels shift.

 * I think the panels are partly controlled by mechanical devices, since they move in different ways at the same time, but I do agree that the "pseudo-random" part should be changed. That phrase links to a page about cryptological applications of pseudo random number generators, anyway, so it has nothing to do with the Gravitron context. 12:50, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

I think the ridiculous discussion at the bottom of the Gravitron page should be removed. Centrifugal force exists. The guy who wrote that after his 1st physics class has probably made it to the 2nd one (the one frames of reference!) and forgot to correct this. Even if he was right, the corresponding polemic discussion doesn't belong on that page.
 * The discussion has been removed. I also see that the wording was changed at some point from "centrifugal force" to "centripetal force". I'm not a physics expert myself and don't feel like becoming one, so I don't know which one is more correct. Seems to me it should be centrifugal, since the mats move away from the center of the gravitron, but I'm not certain. I don't really have a great grasp of what centripetal force is, other than it's what keeps satellites in orbit (I think). Anyone know the right answer? Kafziel 15:57, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It is Centripetal force. When objects are moving in a circular path, they are always accelerating (that is, changing direction). Without some force to change that objects direction, intertia would keep it moving in a straight line. The centripetal force (force directed inward to the center) is the walls of the Gravitron, which "push" toward the center of the circular path. The mats sliding outward is just a result of them not being pushed in as much. Centrifugal force is the opposite--it is force away from the center. There aren't any actual instances of centrifugal force that I know of. ~MDD4696 17:36, 25 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see. This is one of the concepts I always hated in architecture classes; it seems so childish to me to think that inanimate objects exert opposing forces (rather than retaining a higher level of inertia than the object acting upon them). As though every floor in a house is sentient and tiny magical people inside the wood are waiting for us to walk on them so they can push back against our feet. (Or, in this case, tiny magical people in the walls of the Gravitron, actively keeping the sleds from flying out, rather than just saying that the molecules in the walls are held together tighter than the force trying to break through them.) The whole thing seems completely absurd to me, like the kind of explanation they would have come up with in the dark ages. But I guess that's why I'm not a physicist. :)
 * Thanks for the explanation. Kafziel 18:18, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

It is NOT centrifugal force
Centrifugal force is what causes a rotation. For example, if you have a ball on a string and swing the ball in a circle, the string exerts centrifugal force on the ball. Centripetal force is what the riders on a gravitron feel. Centripetal force is a pseudo-force brought about by presense in a rotating reference frame. It is a result of an object's tendency to move in a straight line. In reality, what you are feeling on the gravitron is an effect of inertia, but if you measure things relative to the rotating reference frame, ie the body of the gravitron, there is a net effective force outward due to the rotation. It's a very real and measurable quantity, and has NOTHING to do with centrifugal force.
 * I don't follow you. If it's a "pseudo-force", as you say, how can it be effecting anything? If someone is effected by it, then it's a force, and there's nothing pseudo about it. Which is it? Kafziel 17:43, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It all depends on your frame of reference. From outside the ride, we see that the rider's inertia wants to keep moving in a straight line, but the walls keep pushing him off of that path (the walls are like the string in the example). To make the rider move in a circular path, this force must be directed toward the center of the circle—the very definition of centripetal force. Now, if you change your frame of reference to be inside the Gravitron, things get all messed up, because the Gravitron is no longer rotating, but the "outward force" is still there. You might call that centrifugal force, but since we first started with a frame of reference outside the Gravitron, we know it's a result of centripetal force. ~MDD4696 18:01, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Ummmmm...okay. Sure. Kafziel 18:11, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
 * To clarify here, centrifugal force is an effect of inertia, not a reaction force to the centripetal force.

The person riding a gravitron is within the rotating reference frame. Therefore, the relevant quantity is that felt by the person, which is a centrifugal pseudo-force. Newtonian physics is only REALLY correct in an inertial reference frame, so as a correction, when you try to describe what is felt within a rotating frame, you introduce pseudo-forces, which don't fit all the criteria for a real force, but are a way to explain the effects of the non-inertial reference frame. To say you feel an effective 4 g's due to centripetal force is simply wrong - the force a person "feels" within the gravitron is outward, and thus cannot possibly, by definition, be a centripetal force. This force would be felt whether the person is touching the walls or near the center being accelerated towards the walls. Also, for interest's sake, there are two other possible pseudo-forces within a rotating frame - the azimuthal and coriolis forces.

 * This is correct :). However, the way the article is currently worded is also correct... so... we're good then? ~MDD4696 00:34, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, if you guys both agree then it's fine with me. All I care about it is that you get in, it spins around, and kids puke. If carnies can run it, it damn sure isn't rocket science. :-) Kafziel 02:04, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Technically the wording is correct, however it is misleading. It makes it seem as if centrifugal force is what makes you feel the 4 G's.  It isn't.  You would feel the 4 G's whether you were touching the wall or not, so the force cannot be a result of centrifugal force and is due solely to the rotating frame of reference.

I still think the wording should be changed from centripetal to centrifugal, because the way it's worded right now is very misleading. And yes, IAAP.

It is Centripetal
Centripetal= mass times velocity squared over the radius of a circle. The reason you feel the G's is because of the force exerted from the wall onto you (normal force). If the wall wasn't there, then you wouldn't stay in the circle and therefore would'nt feel the G's..

You would feel the force if there was no wall - within that frame of reference you would be accelerating outward. Centrifugal force is BALANCED by centripetal force, so that the net force (again in the frame of reference) is zero. Centripetal force is always toward the axis of rotation, and centrifugal force is always away from it. I'm sorry but this is such a commonly misunderstood concept that anyone who isn't a physicist has no business discussing it. The wording should be centrifugal.

I agree. Centripetal froce is what pushes an object of of a spinning object.FrogTape 23:40, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Walking
All you people are losers, you sound like the comments from youtube. You’re arguing over what to call it. It just depends on the reference frame. In a rotating reference frame it is the real centrifugal force and in the inertial frame it is the imaginary centrifugal force that is just your perception of 4gees of acceleration towards the center of the ride. And on to more important matters: when I was on one of these things the (dj) ride controller gave a demonstration by walking on the floor out of his booth(near the center the small diameter makes the forces negligible.) and walked out a few feet until he just took one more step and was standing on the railing at almost 90deg to the horizontal. Is it just me or is that really cool. And he didn't even seem seasick. It looked like one of the scenes from a cheap old vamp movie. 71.112.30.41 06:22, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

There is a starship 2000 at the western Idaho fair [Boise fairgrounds].

Me and a couple of mates in my Year 12 Physics class created a down scale model of the Gravitron, however we had angled walls to determine whether an object of a heavier mass requires an increase of instantaneous velocity to reach the same height on a concur funnel as a similar object of lesser mass. This isn't important however it utilised similair concepts of the 'Gravitron' and our teacher, previously an engineer, said that the force experienced by the object placed in the experiment was as a result of Circular Motion centripetal force... so wtf, is he wrong?

Is 24rpm correct?
That's really slow and I have a hard time believe that we get 3G's by spinning slower than an office chair. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.29.164.123 (talk) 07:49, 1 August 2013 (UTC)

Off the cuff calculation shows that 24 rpm is somewhat reasonable. 24 rpm corresponds to 2.5 s per revolution.

So if a = v^2/r and a = 3g we have

3g = v^2/r

v assuming uniform circular motion is 2pi*r/2.5s

Putting this into the equation in the line before and solving for r yields a radius of 4.6 m which is reasonable for a ride that fits in a 50 ft truck, which is 15.24 m.Baakjin (talk) 02:37, 14 July 2015 (UTC)baakjin

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ARM
The Graviton [sic] CPU is an ARM-based processor used by Amazon Web Services... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.102.44.24 (talk) 23:51, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

"Decapitation" incident
Articles don't support this claim and merely mention he was struck in the head. Citation seems needed for decapitatiob. Someone attempted to remove this as incorrect but it was reverted. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.168.149.255 (talk) 00:34, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the note; I've fixed it. The edit in question was probably flagged and reverted because it was malformatted. Graham87 (talk) 03:11, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gravitron


text:
User:Fox1/terri

This page blanked by user, to avoid disrupting active categories, articles. See article history for content.

Fox1 03:23, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Fox1/terri


text:
1801 in archaeology

The year 1801 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

 * The first complete mastodon skeleton is excavated, before dinosaurs were discovered.

Events

 * The first of the Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London by Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin.

Births

 * Joseph Barnard Davis, English craniologist (d. 1881)

title: 1801 in archaeology


text:
Talk:Afro-Peruvian music

Untitled
should the descriptions of Landó and Festejo perhaps be moved to the musica criolla page, since they are Peruvian genres? AKeen 17:25, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Afro-Peruvian music


text:
Marcia Mitzman Gaven

Marcia Mitzman Gaven is an American actress from New York. Since studying at the High School of Performing Arts and the State University of New York at Purchase, she has appeared in many musicals during her career singing in both mezzo-soprano and soprano roles. Her Broadway debut came in 1979 when she played Betty Rizzo in Grease, serving as the replacement for the original actress of the role. In the 1980s she appeared in the musicals The Rocky Horror Show, Oliver!, Zorba, Nine, Anything Goes, Chess, and Welcome to the Club, and in the operas Brigadoon, South Pacific, and Sweeney Todd.

In 1992, Gaven played the character Mrs. Walker in a new production called The Who's Tommy at La Jolla Playhouse. The musical was a success, resulting in its move to Broadway in 1993. Gaven was praised by critics for her performance and received a Tony Award nomination in the "Best Featured Actress in a Musical" category. She eventually had to leave The Who's Tommy before its Broadway run ended because of an allergic reaction to a smoke effect used in the show. In 1995, she won an Ovation Award and a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for her portrayal of Florence Vassy in Chess at Hudson Theatre. She was also awarded an Ovation Award for the role of Mother in the staging of the musical Ragtime at Shubert Theatre in 1997. Gaven's latest role in a musical was in a 2001 production of 1776 by UCLA's Freud Playhouse. Since then she has appeared in concerts and fundraisers.

Gaven has also made guest star appearances in numerous television shows and films, playing both live-action and animated roles. She voiced several characters in the animated series The Simpsons from 1999 until 2002, including Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and others. She was hired after Maggie Roswell departed from the show, due to a pay dispute. She has not been heard on the show since Roswell's return in 2002. Gaven has also lent her voice to television and radio advertisements. She is currently married to Seth Gaven owner of AV Squad, a film marketing company. They have two children, Michael and Katherine.

Early life
Gaven was born as Marcia Mitzman on February 28, 1959, in New York City. She was raised with her two siblings in the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, by their mother Patricia Mitzman, who had previously had a career in art. Newt Mitzman, their father, directed television specials and commercials for a living. Gaven went to Hackley Elementary School in Tarrytown, New York, when she was young. At that time she was certain that she wanted to work in show business. As the result of a lie, she was able to study at the High School of Performing Arts even though the school was only open to inhabitants of New York City. She then became a drama major at the State University of New York at Purchase, though she did not get a degree. She said in a 1987 interview with The New York Times that "they kicked me out because I missed a major rehearsal", and she never applied for readmission since she had already made her first appearance on Broadway in Grease by then. While at Purchase, Gaven performed in student productions such as The Taming of the Shrew and Trumpets and Drums.

Career in theatre
Gaven has had a prominent career in musical theatre and has appeared in many rock musicals. She told TheaterWeek in 1993 that she thinks those kinds of musicals are harder to sing in compared to standard musicals, and that "the nature of rock and roll is that it's on the edge. It's written to be done dangerously. You can't be careful and do it at the same time. If you don't do it dangerously, you run the risk of losing the impact." During her career, Gaven has sung in both mezzo-soprano and soprano roles, and has been cited for her belting. According to Alvin Klein, theatre critic for The New York Times, she "is categorically a mezzo soprano." Gaven has also been noted for her strong voice, and was once told by a sound technician at An Evening Dinner Theater in Elmsford, New York, that "We always turn off the mikes when you sing" because she did not need amplification.

1979–1989
In March 1979, when Gaven was twenty years old, she served as the replacement actress for the character Betty Rizzo in the original Broadway production of Grease. This was her Broadway debut. In late 1980, she was cast in the lead role of Janet in the musical The Rocky Horror Show that ran for six nights at Warner Theatre. It tells the story of a couple, Brad and Janet, who find themselves lost one night and end up in the laboratory of an alien doctor. The cast, including Gaven, was praised by critics. In 1984, she played a Londoner in the revival of Oliver! at Broadway and was the understudy to Patti LuPone's Nancy. That same year, in the Broadway revival of Zorba, Gaven played the role of The Widow who is eventually stoned to death by the townspeople after being held responsible for the suicide of a young boy who fell in love with her. She then portrayed the character Luisa, the wife of an Italian film director, in a production of Nine at An Evening Dinner Theater in 1985.

Gaven starred in the New York City Opera's Broadway revival of Brigadoon, in which she played Meg Brockie, at New York State Theater in 1986. The story is about a mysterious Scottish village that appears for only one day every hundred years, and Meg is one of the villagers. According to Sy Syna of the magazine The World & I, Gaven was "a huge crowd pleaser" in the role. She was also cast in the New York City Opera's spring 1987 revival of South Pacific as the female lead character Nellie Forbush, a U.S. Navy nurse who works on a South Pacific island during World War II. This nine-week run of South Pacific had an alternating cast and Nellie was also portrayed by Susan Bigelow. Later that year in July during the New York City Opera's regular season, she appeared in the opera company's Sweeney Todd as Mrs. Lovett, who makes and sells meat pies made from the victims of serial killer Sweeney Todd.

In Pioneer Theatre Company's fall 1988 production of Anything Goes, Gaven played the lead role of nightclub singer Reno Sweeney. It is set on an ocean liner on which Reno helps the character Billy Crocker win the heart of the engaged Hope Harcourt who he has fallen in love with. While reviewing the musical for the Deseret News, Joseph Walker commented that Gaven "is sensational as Reno Sweeney, the saucy, sassy hoofer-with-a-heart-of-gold. She has an arresting presence and a golden voice; the whole show always seems better when she's on stage." At the end of 1988, Gaven returned to the musical Oliver! in a Theatre Under The Stars production in Houston, starring as Nancy. A critic for the Houston Chronicle commended her performance, writing that she "acts the compassionate Nancy with warmth and spirit, and sings in a strong voice full of character."

Also in 1988, Gaven played the part of the Russian chess player's wife Svetlana in the short-lived Broadway production of the musical Chess, for which she was praised by critics. The following year she appeared as Carol Bates in the Broadway musical Welcome to the Club. It revolves around four men who have been put in jail for not paying alimony. The musical shows why they ended up divorcing their wives, one of which is played by Gaven. Both Chess and Welcome to the Club were unsuccessful. John Simon criticized the latter musical in a New York Magazine review but praised Gaven's performance, writing: "The cast ranges from the charmless to the hopeless [...] in this mess. Only Marcia Mitzman manages to stand out from the crowd, and when she gets the right part in the right show, she'll do just fine." Associated Press drama critic Michael Kuchwara also wrote negatively about Welcome to the Club while giving praise to Gaven for projecting "a sympathy [to her character] that isn't apparent in the book."

1990–1995
In December 1990, Gaven once again appeared as Nancy in a revival of Oliver!—this time in a production at 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, Washington. A theatre critic for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer noted that she "has the voice to anchor anything you'd care to name, even the 5th Avenue Theatre. 5th Avenue performers often sound as if they were speaking and singing through a football stadium public address system. But Mitzman overpowers malevolent acoustics." After Oliver!, she appeared as Countess Charlotte Malcolm in Ahmanson Theatre's production of A Little Night Music that was performed from April 18 to June 30, 1991, at James A. Doolittle Theatre in Los Angeles, California. Gaven worked at 5th Avenue Theatre again in December 1991 in the musical Here's Love. She portrayed the divorced Doris Walker, a single-working mother of a girl who doubts the existence of Santa Claus. During spring 1992, she played the love interest of a male songwriter and his best friend in the musical The Tin Pan Man (set in 1905) at La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts.

Starting at the beginning of July 1992, Gaven appeared in a new musical called The Who's Tommy at La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego. It was based on the rock opera album Tommy by The Who. Gaven starred as Mrs. Walker, the mother of the boy Tommy who is traumatized when he sees his father murder Mrs. Walker's new boyfriend. Tommy ultimately becomes non-responsive, leading people to believe that he is deaf, mute, and blind, and his parents try to find a cure for his condition. Gaven later told TheaterWeek that she initially did not want to do the musical, since she "had no idea how this could be staged as a theatrical piece. I hoped my agents wouldn't call me and ask me to audition." However, they did, and she was cast as Mrs. Walker after an audition in which she sang the song "Heaven Help My Heart" that she performed in Chess, also a rock musical. The Who's Tommy was La Jolla Playhouse's biggest success yet and as a result its run was lengthened by several weeks. Later that year, Gaven once again played Doris in Here's Love—this time in a Theatre Under The Stars production.

In late 1992 it was announced that because of the success of The Who's Tommy, it would be produced for Broadway and open in April 1993. The production cost eight million dollars and it broke the box office record for the biggest non-opening day with US$494,897 earned on April 23, 1993, at St. James Theatre (where the musical opened on April 22), beating Guys and Dolls' 1992 record. Des McAnuff, who directed the musical at both La Jolla Playhouse and on Broadway, decided to bring many actors from the original cast with him despite weeks of auditions with thousands of actors trying out for the roles in front of him. The Broadway production featured some changes to the musical, such as a new song devoted to Tommy's parents that Gaven thought "helps show their side of the story." However, as she told The San Diego Union-Tribune, the biggest difference was the increased amount of money she earned. Gaven was praised by critics for her portrayal of Mrs. Walker in the Broadway production,    with one critic from The Miami Herald writing that her "alluring alto voice makes you wish Tommy's mother had even more to sing."

It was announced on May 10, 1993, that The Who's Tommy had received eleven Tony Award nominations, tying with Kiss of the Spider Woman for the most nominations that year. Gaven received a nomination in the "Best Featured Actress in a Musical" category. However, as the result of an allergic reaction, she could not perform in the musical some nights. When Daryl Miller interviewed Gaven in the Los Angeles Times in 1997, he noted that "this was one of the biggest disappointments of her life, and clouds cross her face for the first time in the conversation. She glances across the room at the Tony citation—recognizing her nomination for best featured actress in a musical—as she describes how her throat became infected due to a reaction to the oil in a haze-making compound that designers pump onstage to enhance lighting effects. She missed a lot of performances, and an untold number of Tony voters missed her performance. She can't help but wonder how that affected the outcome." At one point, Gaven's understudy Alice Ripley took her place for eight consecutive weeks while Gaven recovered. Gaven eventually had to leave The Who's Tommy some months after it opened because of her allergy. She also disliked the idea of performing in one musical for more than a year.

In late 1993, she was cast in Pasadena Playhouse's musical Sweet, Smart, Rodgers & Hart that featured music and lyrics previously written by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart. It originally played from the middle of November to December 17, 1993, but was then extended for another run between January 6 and January 23, 1994. In July 1994, Gaven played the role of the partly African-American showboat actress Julie Dozier in Music Circus' adaptation of Show Boat in California. In the spring of the following year, she reprised her part as the Countess in a production of A Little Night Music, also by Music Circus. Gaven returned to Chess in the summer of 1995 in small-scale production at Hudson Theatre, this time as the lead character Florence Vassy. The story involves a romantic triangle between the two top players, an American and a Russian, in a world chess championship, and the woman Florence who manages one and falls in love with the other. Gaven received an Ovation Award (Best Lead Actress in a Musical) and a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award (Best Lead Performance) for her work in the musical.

1996
On May 21, 1996, Gaven and seventeen other well-known musical theatre artists appeared in the show Say It With Music at Carpenter Performing Arts Center. It was staged to raise proceeds for the Musical Theatre Group, which was described by John Woolard of the Press-Telegram as "a new organization formed to help rejuvenate musical theater in Southern California." The show was made up of singing and dancing numbers that had previously appeared in different Broadway musicals. From June to September 1997, Gaven played the role of Mother in the Los Angeles production (pre-Broadway) of the musical Ragtime at Shubert Theatre. She received her second Ovation Award (Best Lead Actress in a Musical) for this performance. The musical tells the story of three ethnic groups in the United States: White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, African-Americans in Harlem, and European immigrants. Gaven played the mother and matriarch of the Protestant family. Ragtime director Frank Galati praised her in the Los Angeles Times for her "grace and beauty and magnificent voice" and her "extraordinarily keen intelligence—she's a very deep reader of text," and commented that "she seizes the stage with energy." Many critics praised Gaven as well,     though Laurie Winer of the Los Angeles Times wrote that she played Mother "valiantly but with a shade too much effort." David Littlejohn of The Wall Street Journal cited her as "the best single performance in this production."

In May of the following year, she appeared in California Musical Theatre's production of Triumph of Love, a musical that had previously been staged on Broadway and is set in Sparta. It ran for six days at the Community Center Theater in Sacramento, California, and featured Gaven in the role of the philosopher Hesione. In 2001, Gaven reappeared as Julie Dozier in another adaptation of Show Boat by Music Circus. Davis Enterprise critic Bev Sykes wrote positively about her voice but criticized her performance for not being credible, writing: "Marcia Mitzman Gaven gives an uneven performance as Julie, a singer of mixed race who passes for white until she's betrayed by a spurned suitor. She is re-discovered in Act 2, having fallen into decline. Though obviously under the influence of the liquor in the bottle she carries around before and after her delivery of the song 'He's Just My Bill,' the song itself is performed straight, with no hint of the ravages that alcohol have taken on her body and voice." Later that same year she played the role of Abigail Adams in a production of 1776 by UCLA's Freud Playhouse.

Gaven performed in a cabaret, called The Girly Show, at a fundraising gala for the Blank Theatre Company on August 15, 2005. It consisted of an all-female cast singing songs by Michael John LaChiusa, with LaChiusa playing the piano. On December 15, 2008, celebrating the fifteenth anniversary of The Who's Tommy, Gaven and the rest of the original Broadway cast reunited for a concert at August Wilson Theatre in New York City. This performance was a benefit for Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, the Broadway Dreams Foundation, and the Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation.

Career in television and film
Gaven has done much voice acting in her career, lending her voice to television and radio advertisements and playing animated characters in The Pink Panther (1993), Red Planet (1994), and Small Soldiers (1998). Working with advertisements earned Gaven more money than playing theatre. "I can make in an hour what I make in a week doing theater," she said in 1997. Gaven has also made guest star appearances in live-action television series such as The George Carlin Show (1994), Ellen (1995), Get Smart (1995), The Drew Carey Show (1996), Hangin' with Mr. Cooper (1997), Frasier (1998), and Beverly Hills, 90210 (1998). In addition, she had a minor role in the 2002 film Moonlight Mile.

When Maggie Roswell left the animated series The Simpsons in spring 1999 after a pay dispute with Fox Broadcasting Company, Gaven was hired to fill in for Roswell's characters. These characters included Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and others. However, Maude Flanders was killed off in the 2000 episode "Alone Again, Natura-Diddily" to open up new storylines for the show. Maggie Roswell returned to The Simpsons in 2002 after reaching a deal with Fox to record her lines from her home, and Gaven has not worked for the show since that year.

Personal life
Gaven resided in Los Angeles from 1991 to 1993, when she had to move to New York City to act in The Who's Tommy. However, her stay in the city was short because of the allergic reaction and she moved back to Los Angeles. While performing in musicals, Gaven had to be protective of her vocal cords and this affected her personal life. She told Miller in 1997 that "you have to give up so much of your life", and gave the example that when "somebody coughs behind me [at the cinema] I immediately say to my husband, 'We may have to move.'" She also had to avoid shouting. Gaven is currently married to Seth Gaven who owns AV Squad, a film marketing company.

title: Marcia Mitzman Gaven


text:
1983 in archaeology

The year 1983 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

 * Laconia Survey begins (joint British–Dutch project); continues to 1989.

Excavations

 * Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, Zhao Mo, Emperor Wen of Nanyue (d. 122 BCE), discovered under Elephant Hill in Guangzhou, China, and excavation by Mai Yinghao and Huang Zhanyue begins.
 * Tell Qarqur in Syria, by an American team, is begun.
 * Hengistbury Head, by Barry Cunliffe, is continued (begun in 1979).
 * Boxgrove Quarry, by Mark Roberts of University College London, is begun (continues to 1996).
 * Excavation of the Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) at the archaeological site of Atapuerca in northern Spain begins.
 * Abric Romani cave near Capellades in Catalonia is begun.

Publications

 * Christopher Chippindale - Stonehenge Complete.
 * R. C. Gaur - Excavations at Atranjikhera: early civilization of the Upper Ganga Basin.

Finds

 * May 13 - Lindow Woman discovered at Lindow Moss in north west England by peat cutters.
 * First Ayn Ghazal statues found in Jordan.
 * Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts, including the Book on Numbers and Computation, from tomb M247 at Mount Zhangjia in central China.
 * Kitora Tomb discovered at Asuka, Nara, Japan.
 * 16th century turkey bones in Exeter, England, subsequently identified as from one of the earliest of the birds in Britain.
 * Gloucester tabula set in England.
 * A multi-tablet collection of literature in the Hurrian language with a Hittite translation is discovered at Hattusa in Turkey.

Events

 * British Committee for the Reunification of the Parthenon Marbles is formed.

Deaths

 * Joan du Plat Taylor, British pioneer of maritime archaeology (b. 1906)

title: 1983 in archaeology


text:
Eutropia

Eutropia (Greek: Εύτροπία; died after 325) was a Roman empress of Syrian origin, the wife of Emperor Maximian.

Personal life
In the late 3rd century she married Maximian, though the exact date of this marriage is unknown. They had at least two children: Maxentius, Roman emperor from 306 to 312, and Fausta, the wife of Constantine the Great and mother of emperors Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans.

The parentage of Theodora, the wife of Constantius I, is disputed; most sources refer to her as Maximian's stepdaughter, leading to the belief that she was born from Eutropia's previous marriage to a man named Afranius Hannibalianus, since Theodora named one of her own sons Hannibalianus. Timothy Barnes, however, considers the few sources that refer to Theodora as Maximian's daughter to be more reliable, and suggests she was born from Maximian's previous marriage to a hypothetical daughter of Afranius, which would make Theodora Eutropia's stepdaughter instead. Julia Hillner agrees with Barnes that the stepdaughter sources are a result of political propaganda from the later Constantinian dynasty, but believes that his reading fails to explain why Theodora named one of her daughters Eutropia if her mother was an unknown Afrania instead of empress Eutropia. Hillner argues that Afranius Hannibalianus was Eutropia's brother, and that Theodora was the daughter of both Maximian and Eutropia. This is in line with John Vanderspoel.

title: Eutropia


text:
User talk:Edub

es wiki user talk

title: User talk:Edub


text:
Arthur Sulzberger

Arthur Sulzberger may refer to:
 * Arthur Hays Sulzberger (1891–1968), publisher of The New York Times from 1935 to 1961
 * Arthur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger Sr. (1926–2012), son of the above and publisher of The New York Times from 1963 to 1992
 * Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (born 1951), son of the above and publisher of The New York Times from 1992 to 2017
 * Arthur Gregg Sulzberger (born 1980), son of the above and publisher of The New York Times since 2018

title: Arthur Sulzberger


text:
User:Edub

 * Template messages/Image namespace
 * Template messages/Image namespace

es wiki user page

title: User:Edub


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Talk:Systemic psychology

Systemic psychology and systemic therapy
Dear collègue,

your définition about systemic psychology is wrong : a very simple reason, is that these psychology do not existe !! You make a confusion with, the "systemique approch" that is not a psychology, with the systemique therapy and the familial therapy...

For a scientific information...

Réf. every recents university's books about hystorie of the psychology

Dutkiewicz Marc Dc./Psychologue and Prof. in psychology /Paris

 * The above raises an interesting question: is "systemic psychology" the correct term here? In Europe it is more commonly known as "systemic therapy".

 * On the Wiki page for systemic therapy it is made synonymous with family therapy. While systemic therapy did grow out of family therapy it is not the same because the systems involved are not limited to families. --Sharktacos (talk) 05:12, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Improperly titled page - move to redirect
As stated above, this page deals with what is called "systemic therapy" and AFAIK there is no such thing as "systemic psychology". I therefore move that we put the content of this page on the "systemic therapy" page, merge the content of the "systemic therapy" page into the "family therapy" page and redirect this page to "systemic therapy".

Since this a major change I'll wait a bit to see if others would like to discuss other options before I do this. --Sharktacos (talk) 03:42, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I oppose the proposal: see Talk:Family therapy. Marschalko (talk) 07:18, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Rename to systems psychology
I wonder if this article could and should be renamed to systems psychology. This term seems to have a much larger use then systemic psychology. In stead of merging all this articles under "family therapy" this article could be an introduction in this field and explain the essence, differences and overlap between all the overlapping fields of "systemic psychology", "systemic therapy", "family therapy", "family systems therapy" etc. -- Mdd (talk) 12:41, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with Mdd's proposal, provided that a redirect from systemic psychology to systems psychology is created. I would note, however, that the two terms are not exactly synonymous: "systems psychology" is the more commonly used and broader term as Mdd says (and returns, for example, 66,700 Google entries - not that I'm saying that Google is the be all and end all in these things), while "systemic psychology" seems more to connote psychological processes of individuals or small groups (and returns only 2,640 Google entries). I would also support Mdd's proposal that systems psychology then be expanded to become a kind of introductory article to the field - although I think even this would be quite an ambitious project. Marschalko (talk) 02:17, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I second the motion --Sharktacos (talk) 10:02, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

I wrote a new article on systems psychology and merged the content of this article in it. -- Mdd (talk) 23:32, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Systemic psychology


text:
Frankie Smith

Franklyn Leon Smith (January 29, 1940 – March 8, 2019 ) was an American funk musician and R&B/soul songwriter. He was best known for his 1981 hit single "Double Dutch Bus".

Career
Smith went to college in Tennessee for elementary education with a minor in music. He became a writer for funk and soul artists such as the O'Jays and The Spinners. In 1972 he would record for Paramount, releasing a single called "Double Dutch" under the name Franklin Franklin, but it failed to become a hit. He was also influential in the careers of the rappers Tone Loc, Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg.

With his 1981 single "Double Dutch Bus", released by WMOT Records, Smith popularized a nonsensical form of slang (from his song "Slang thang", 1981 WMOT, Records), in which "iz" is placed in the middle of a word (for example, the word "place" becomes "plizace"), or the last letters of a word are replaced with "-izzle" ("sure" becomes shizzle). A type of infix, it found greater popularity later on in hip hop and rap with its usage by Snoop Dogg.

Death
Smith died in Philadelphia on March 8, 2019.

Albums

 * 1981: Children of Tomorrow
 * 2006: Frankie Smith and His World Wide Party Crew

Singles

 * 1980: "Double Dutch Bus" (#30, US)
 * 1980: "Double Dutch"
 * 1981: "The Auction"
 * 1981: "Teeny-Bopper Lady"
 * 1982: "Double Dutch Bus II"
 * 1982: "Yo-Yo Champ (From Mississippi)"
 * 1985: "Slapp Ya Thigh"
 * 1985: "Congratulations for Graduating"

title: Frankie Smith


text:
Aglarond

Aglarond may refer to:

 * Aglarond, the Glittering Caves of Helm's Deep in Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium
 * Aglarond (Forgotten Realms), a fictional kingdom in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons and Dragons roleplaying game

title: Aglarond


text:
1897 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1897.

Explorations

 * Rudolf Ernst Brünnow and Alfred von Domaszewski begin a two-year expedition to the Arabian Peninsula, including Petra.

Excavations

 * Excavation of Glastonbury Lake Village by Arthur Bulleid and Harold St George Gray begins.
 * Maud Cunnington carries out her first excavations in the Devizes area of England.
 * Excavation of the first Mycenaean chamber tombs in Kolonaki at Thebes, Greece, by Dimitrios Filios.
 * Excavation of Nekhen in Egypt begins (continues to 1899).
 * Excavation of Susa in Iran by a French expedition led by Jacques de Morgan begins (continues to 1911).

Finds

 * May - Yde Girl, a bog body, is discovered in the village of Yde, The Netherlands.
 * August 4 - The "Lady of Elche" Iberian sculpture (4th century BCE) is found at L'Alcúdia near Elche in Spain.
 * Coligny calendar.
 * Alekanovo inscription.
 * Silver and gold tubes of the Maykop culture from a burial mound in Armenia, interpreted in 2022 as drinking straws for communal beer consumption.

Events

 * February 18 - Conclusion of the Benin Expedition of 1897, leading to the Benin Bronzes being carried off to London.

Publications

 * William Copeland Borlase - The Dolmens of Ireland: their distribution, structural characteristics, and affinities in other countries, together with the folklore attaching to them; supplemented by considerations on the anthropology, ethnology, and traditions of the Irish people (3 vols, London).

Births

 * June 1 - Yang Zhongjian, father of Chinese vertebrate paleontology (d. 1979).
 * August 21 - Victor Erle Nash-Williams, Welsh archaeologist (d. 1955).
 * October 30 - Einar Gjerstad, Swedish archaeologist of the ancient Mediterranean (d. 1988).

Deaths

 * May 5 - James Theodore Bent, English explorer, archaeologist and author (b. 1852).
 * May 21 - Augustus Wollaston Franks, English antiquarian (b. 1826).

title: 1897 in archaeology


text:
17th Daytime Emmy Awards

The 17th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, June 28, 1990, on ABC, to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from March 6, 1989-March 5, 1990. The event aired from 3-5 p.m. EST, live from the Marriott Marquis Hotel in New York City. It preempted General Hospital.

Outstanding Drama Series

 * All My Children
 * Guiding Light
 * Santa Barbara
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Lead Actor

 * David Canary (Adam Chandler & Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
 * Stephen Schnetzer (Cass Winthrop, Another World)
 * A Martinez (Cruz Castillo, Santa Barbara)
 * Peter Bergman (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
 * Eric Braeden (Victor Newman, The Young and the Restless)

Outstanding Lead Actress

 * Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
 * Elizabeth Hubbard (Lucinda Walsh, As the World Turns)
 * Finola Hughes (Anna Devane, General Hospital)
 * Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne, Guiding Light)
 * Jeanne Cooper (Katherine Chancellor, The Young and the Restless)

Outstanding Supporting Actor

 * Robert Gentry (Ross Chandler, All My Children)
 * Kin Shriner (Scott Baldwin, General Hospital)
 * Kristoff St. John (Adam Marshall, Generations)
 * Jerry verDorn (Ross Marler, Guiding Light)
 * Roscoe Born (Robert Barr, Santa Barbara)
 * Henry Darrow (Rafael Castillo, Santa Barbara)
 * Quinn Redeker (Rex Sterling, The Young and the Restless)

Outstanding Supporting Actress

 * Julia Barr (Brooke English, All My Children)
 * Mary Jo Catlett (Mary Finnegan, General Hospital)
 * Lynn Herring (Lucy Coe, General Hospital)
 * Michelle Forbes (Sonni Carrera, Guiding Light)
 * Jess Walton (Jill Abbott, The Young and the Restless)

Outstanding Younger Actor

 * Andrew Kavovit (Paul Ryan, As the World Turns)
 * Bryan Buffington (Bill Lewis, Guiding Light)

Outstanding Younger Actress

 * Cady McClain (Dixie Cooney, All My Children)
 * Liz Vassey (Emily Ann Sago, All My Children)
 * Charlotte Ross (Eve Donovan, Days of Our Lives)
 * Kimberly McCullough (Robin Scorpio, General Hospital)

Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team

 * All My Children
 * Guiding Light
 * One Life to Live
 * Santa Barbara
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team

 * All My Children
 * As the World Turns
 * Santa Barbara
 * The Young and the Restless

Outstanding Game Show

 * Jeopardy! - A Production of Merv Griffin Enterprises (Syn. by KingWorld)
 * The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBS
 * Wheel of Fortune - A Merv Griffin Production for CBS (Syn. by KingWorld)
 * Win, Lose or Draw - A Kilne & Friends Production for NBC (Syn. by Buena Vista)

Outstanding Game Show Host
TIE
 * Alex Trebek (Jeopardy!/Classic Concentration)
 * Bob Barker (The Price Is Right)
 * Pat Sajak (Wheel of Fortune)

Outstanding Animated Program

 * Patsy Cameron, Clive A. Smith, Tedd Anasti, Patrick Loubert, Michael Hirsh, David Geffen, Tim Burton, Stephen Hodgins, Robin Budd and Lenora Hume (Beetlejuice)
 * Terence Harrison, Bruce Talkington, Carter Crocker, Ed Ghertner, Ken Kessel, Stephen Sustarsic, Karl Geurs and Mark Zaslove (The New Adventures of Winnie-the-Pooh)
 * Lane Raichert, Paul Sommer, Joseph Barbera, Don Lusk, Ray Patterson, Laren Bright, William Hanna and Bill Matheny (A Pup Named Scooby-Doo)
 * Tad Stones, Alan Zaslove, Ken Koonce, John Kimball, Bob Zamboni, Rick Leon and Bryce Malek (Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers)

Outstanding Film Sound Editing

 * Rich Harrison, Charlie King and Rick Hinson (DuckTales)
 * Dean G. Manly, Jackson Schwartz, Ron Fedele, Al Breitenbach, Kenneth R. Burton and Steven D. Williams (Muppet Babies)
 * Glenn A. Jordan, Greg Teall, John Walker, Steve Kirklys, Peter Cole and Ken Dahlinger (Pee-wee's Playhouse)
 * Rob Kirkpatrick, Stephen Hudecki and Mac Holyoke (Beetlejuice)

Outstanding Children's Series

 * Reading Rainbow

Lifetime achievement award

 * Mark Goodson

title: 17th Daytime Emmy Awards


text:
Polar Bear Provincial Park

Polar Bear Provincial Park is an isolated wilderness park in the far north of Ontario, Canada. It lies on the western shore where James Bay joins Hudson Bay. The terrain is part of the Hudson Bay Lowlands and features unspoiled low-lying tundra in the Hudson Plains ecozone.

Administered by Ontario Parks, the 23552 km2 Polar Bear Provincial Park is the largest park in Ontario. It has no visitor facilities, is reachable only by air, and special permission is required before visiting it. Its primary purpose is the preservation of habitat for wildlife, especially the several hundred polar bears that migrate through the area.

Visitors to Polar Bear should be prepared for any eventuality. They should bring at least one week's extra supplies in case their departure is delayed due to bad weather. Tents should not rise any higher than necessary, due to the possibility of strong winds. Polar Bear Provincial Park has been designated as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention since May 1987.

title: Polar Bear Provincial Park


text:
Talk:Bhartrihari (grammarian)

Unsure
The Nuttall entry reads
 * BHARTRIHARI, Indian author of apothegms, who appears to have lived in the 11th century B.C., and to have been of royal rank.

which doesn't fit with the dates in the encyclopedia. Also, I'm unsure, if this is the same as B. the poet. Please add, if you are knowledgeable--J heisenberg 17:28, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bhartrihari (grammarian)


text:
File:Daylight Again.jpg

Summary

Fair use rationale for Daylight Again

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Daylight Again.jpg


text: User talk:81.131.62.218

title: User talk:81.131.62.218


text:
Losin' It

Losin' It is a 1983 comedy film directed by Curtis Hanson, and starring Tom Cruise, Shelley Long, Jackie Earle Haley and John Stockwell. The film follows four teenagers trying to lose their virginity. It was filmed largely in Calexico, California.

Plot
Four teenagers from early 1960s Los Angeles are on their way to Tijuana, Mexico: Dave, Woody, Spider, and Dave's brother Wendell. Dave, Spider, and Woody are there to lose their virginity, while Wendell came along to buy fireworks. They end up picking up a woman named Kathy, who goes with them because she wants a fast divorce from her husband, and they get into a series of hijinks and misadventures south of the border.

Cast

 * Tom Cruise as Woody
 * Shelley Long as Kathy
 * Jackie Earle Haley as Dave
 * John Stockwell as "Spider"
 * John P. Navin, Jr. as Wendell
 * Henry Darrow as Sheriff
 * Hector Elias as "Chuey"
 * Mario Marcelino as Pablo
 * John Valby as Johnny "Hotrocks"
 * Rick Rossovich as Marine
 * Kale Browne as Larry
 * Joe Spinell as US Customs Officer
 * Santos Morales as Barker At Tongaley

Critical response
The film received negative reviews from critics.

Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert criticized the film on their TV program At the Movies. Siskel called it "dreadful" and "predictable." Ebert described the themes of the movie as "sick" for suggesting that young men should seek out prostitutes or older women instead of forming relationships with women their own age. Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised Shelley Long for her charm and skill at physical comedy, calling her "the best thing in the movie." But she criticized the screenplay for its excesses and suggested that most of the cast "might fare much better in a different movie."

Box office
The film opened in 180 theatres in New York and Los Angeles opening with a "lackluster" $437,257 for the weekend.

Home media
MGM released Losin' It as a Region 1 DVD on February 6, 2001. Kino Lorber released the film on Blu-ray on March 5, 2019.

title: Losin' It


text:
Talk:Cornhole (disambiguation)

Dopamine removal
I'm very confused by this:

Dopamine can refer to more than one thing: Look up Dopamine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* Dopamine is this. * Dopamine (Film) is a Film.

As I see no reason it should be on the Cornhole disambig page. I tried to remove it, but when I went to edit the page it didn't show up.Candybars 02:49, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Update: I managed to remove it. Candybars 03:03, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Band Removal
I just moved this off the disambig page:

 * Cornhole is the name of an irreverent indie/country rock band from Denton, Texas who released the albums Down by the Gloryhole in 1995 and Hornswoggled in 1997.

This is a dictionary defintion, and there is no link to an article. Further, I don't know if an article is warranted, because I am not sure it meets the notability criteria. Jokestress 17:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was ✅. — A itias  //  discussion  21:47, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

 * See also Talk:Cornhole (game).

Cornhole as a term for anus is less significant than the game cornhole (for instance the term does not have its own page). Request move of Cornhole (game) to Cornhole, and placing a link to the disambiguation page at the top of that article. Gyro Copter (talk) 14:58, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Support. Actually, I see no need for a disambiguation page at all. There's nothing to disambiguate; Nobody is going to search on cornhole wanting to find the anus article. A hatnote to Great Cornholio might be helpful, but that's about all. Andrewa (talk) 20:07, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. The game is the only article on Wikipedia using the name. The articles bluelinked from the dab page, supposedly defining the slang term, do not even mention the word. Station1 (talk) 01:06, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. Do it. Fences and windows (talk) 01:27, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose it should redirect to anus with a hatnote to the game. 76.66.202.139 (talk) 03:30, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Support as primary usage, as Station1 points out. Also, I was rather surprised to see that a Google search on "cornhole -wikipedia" brings up a bunch of references to the game rather than, well, other things. Jɑfeluv (talk) 06:15, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 *  Conditional support so long as there's a link to the wiktionary definition, cornhole, or better still a cornhole, because this is one piece of slang that hasn't crossed the Atlantic. Bazj (talk) 07:04, 14 May 2009 (UTC) Link added. Bazj (talk) 07:12, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Support - per WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. ƒingers on  Roids  17:31, 17 May 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

October 2012 prod
I have added a few navigational aids in response to the prod. Jokestress (talk) 05:53, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cornhole (disambiguation)