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Kerry Weaver

Kerry Weaver is a fictional character, a physician, from the NBC television series ER. The role is portrayed by Laura Innes, who debuts as a recurring character in the second-season episode "Welcome Back, Carter!", which aired on September 21, 1995. Innes was promoted to the role of series regular as of the third-season episode "Dr. Carter, I Presume", which aired on September 26, 1996, and made her last regular appearance in the thirteenth-season episode "A House Divided", which aired on January 11, 2007.

During the series' fifteenth season, Innes made guest appearances in the episodes "Heal Thyself", which aired on November 13, 2008, and the series finale, "And in the End...", which aired on April 2, 2009.

Very little of Weaver’s background is revealed to the audience in her early episodes. The character exhibits a limp in her gait, which is aided by the use of a forearm crutch. This was later revealed to be caused by congenital hip dysplasia in episode 14 of season 11, in addition to the fact that she had lived for a period in Africa.

Weaver arrives at County General as Chief Resident, and later becomes an attending physician, is promoted to Chief of Emergency Medicine, and finally becomes the Hospital Chief of Staff. Her administrative position often forces her to make unpleasant decisions that draw hostility from her fellow physicians, as when she fires Jeanie Boulet in Season 4. Although an excellent physician, she is often portrayed as the villain in many episodes. She is a dynamic character and has many moments of trying to figure out what is right and wrong. We often see her make mistakes and try to grapple with learning from the mistakes.

Although Weaver has been involved in some heterosexual relationships, she eventually comes out as a lesbian. Her sexual orientation is a key point in some episodes, particularly when she fights in court to keep her son, Henry. She was included in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters.

Seasons two through six
During Innes' first five seasons on the show, little was revealed about the details of Weaver's background which would later become some of her defining traits: her sexual orientation, political beliefs, and even the precise nature of her disability. These were closely guarded secrets for a woman who wanted to succeed professionally, but feared discrimination. She was also unable to fully deal with her internalized homophobia and regretted that she never knew her birth parents.

When she was first hired by Mark Greene as chief resident in 1995, this disappointed much of the ER staff who didn't care for her micro-management in trauma rooms. Early in her position, she would often clash with Doug Ross and resident Susan Lewis over most of the procedures in patient care. In addition, her strong belief in administrative policies would be dragged out into every unnecessary aspect in the workplace (in one episode, Jerry, the desk clerk, brought cake celebrating her day off). In Season 3, Kerry became an ER attending physician alongside Mark Greene, whom she would always manage to compete with or maneuver to catch the eye of her superiors.

As a result, it was difficult for anyone — the audience or any of the other characters — to really know Weaver beyond her tough and bureaucratic professionalism. In an early glimpse into her soul, Weaver defended Jeanie Boulet, played by Gloria Reuben, a physician assistant who contracted HIV from her adulterous husband. Later Boulet contracts Hepatitis C from a needle stick accident involving an infected patient. She fought to keep her job and dignity, while some doctors worried about the liability involved in having an HIV-positive employee in the ER. Weaver was the first person in a position of power to side with Jeanie, and the two remained friends until Jeanie's budget-related firing and her successful pressure campaign to get her job back. They reconciled and were close friends again when Jeanie left the ER to be with her new husband and raise her adopted HIV-positive son, Carlos.

Weaver demonstrated a great deal of compassion and a moral commitment to civil rights, and that helped her and Dr. Greene draft an ER policy for HIV-positive employees. This storyline developed Weaver's character beyond that of a stoic, abrasive professional. In future episodes, she agreed to look the other way when Dr. John Carter helped a teenage runaway escape her homophobic parents who sent her away to an ex-gay camp.

In 1997, Weaver went through a brief relationship with Ellis West (played by Clancy Brown), an M.D. working for the Synergix Group, which was under consideration by County for a general management contract of the ER. Despite his claims to the contrary, she eventually came to the conclusion that West had begun a relationship with her in order to gain her approval of the contract. West said she was wrong and withdrew the proposal.

After Carter was fired from his RA position and had nowhere to live, he followed an ad which led him to Dr. Weaver's house; she had been renting out her basement apartment to college students. For the first time, the audience saw the inside of her city home, and noted that she was single and independent, lived in a nice home, and had a particular taste in music. Weaver also hired a private investigator to locate her birth mother, an effort that initially failed and revealed Weaver's fear that she was raised by adoptive parents because her mother could not accept a disabled daughter.

In 1998, during Season 4, Kerry was briefly debilitated when an explosion at chemical plant sent victims flooding in, creating a toxic benzene spill in the ER. Weaver suffered a convulsive (Generalized Tonic Clonic or Grand Mal) seizure from the effects of the toxins. She was treated by Dr. Carter and Dr. Anna Del Amico. With Weaver debilitated and Dr. Greene out of town, Carter was forced to take charge of the ER for the first time.

Ever since her arrival at County General, Kerry had been very ambitious in pursuing higher administrative titles, such as Chief of Emergency Medicine. This was after Dr. Morgenstern's extensive absence, so a new position needed to be filled. For a short period she was made interim acting chief of emergency medicine until a suitable replacement was found. Yet, after an incident involving the hiring of a doctor who turned out to be a very accomplished if bizarre non-physician, Kerry's chances were luckily left open. However, she discovered that the hospital wasn't really considering her for the position. When she found out, she immediately quit as interim chief of the ER and Dr. Robert Romano jumped at the opportunity to become interim chief of the ER. At the start of Season 6, word spread that Romano might be up to the position as Chief of Staff, an event that both Kerry and Mark Greene resented and tried to prevent. However, in the end Kerry backed Dr. Romano for Chief of Staff and in return she was given the position of Chief of Emergency Medicine. This would be the first and last time Romano and Weaver completely agreed on administrative policy; in later seasons they were always involved in power struggles, despite both of them favoring administrative matters much more than the rest of the staff.

In 1999, Weaver welcomed the chance to hire Dr. Gabe Lawrence (played by Alan Alda), who had been her mentor. She initially refused to accept Dr. Mark Greene's assertion that Lawrence was suffering from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, but she ultimately faced facts and said goodbye to her role model.

Season seven
In mid-season, Weaver fell in love with staff psychiatrist Kim Legaspi (played by Elizabeth Mitchell), but was afraid to admit it to Legaspi or herself. While Legaspi was openly lesbian and willing to pursue a romantic relationship with Weaver, she became frustrated that Weaver was not only in the closet, but also suffered from internalized homophobia and thus the relationship got off to a slow start. Once Weaver was able to admit to herself that she was gay, she was still uncomfortable about her coworkers finding out and the discriminatory consequences it might have on her career. This was despite their relationship becoming an "open secret" among most of the people in the ER. During that story, we also learned that Kerry had been married to a surgical resident before her career at County General started.

The first coworker Weaver came out to was Dr. Robert Romano, who planned to fire Legaspi over trumped up allegations that she sexually harassed a female patient. Weaver's act of courage kept Romano from firing Legaspi, but it also emotionally drained Weaver, whose fears of discrimination ruining her career resurfaced. She was therefore unable to provide emotional support to Legaspi, who kept her job, but at the cost of seeing the entrenched homophobia of the hospital administration and her own girlfriend, who remained in the closet. Legaspi broke up with Weaver and decided to take a job offer in San Francisco rather than face the homophobia from Romano or the lack of emotional support she received from Weaver.

Kerry also ran afoul of Elizabeth Corday in Season 7 when she had Mark Greene evaluated for professional competency after he showed noticeable personality changes after returning from brain tumor surgery. As a result, Kerry was not invited to Elizabeth and Mark's wedding, and while she and Mark seem to mend fences in Season 8, she and Elizabeth remained mostly unfriendly. Elizabeth sympathized and the two doctors were on better terms until Dr. Corday departed the show in Season 11. They were never close friends though. In fact, Elizabeth's departure came when she deliberately performed an illegal, life-saving transplant from an HIV+ donor into an HIV+ individual and did so in large part because she knew it would anger Kerry, leading Kerry to offer a demotion that Elizabeth declines before quitting.

Season eight
Weaver still had not come out to any of her coworkers except Romano and Luka Kovač. She was still quite anxious about anyone discovering her true status even though her sexual orientation was already known to some of her coworkers. Weaver did, however, begin a new relationship with firefighter Lt. Sandy Lopez (played by Lisa Vidal) whom she met in a rainstorm while trying to rescue a pregnant woman from a crashed ambulance. As the two became close, Lopez told Weaver she refused to date a woman who was in the closet. Lopez forcibly outed Weaver with a passionate kiss in front of her coworkers. What followed was a groundbreaking story for American network television as the development of the romance between the two women was treated with the courtship, passion and arguments often reserved for heterosexual couples.

Lopez said, "I did you a huge favor," after the kiss in the ER; a few episodes later, Weaver admitted to her that she was right. At the season's end, Weaver accepted herself as a lesbian, and became eager to combat homophobia wherever it appeared.

In Season Eight's second episode "The Longer You Stay", Weaver failed to answer repeated pages from Drs. Malucci & Chen when a patient being tended to by them had complications. Weaver was finally hauled in by Dr. Carter when he ran from the ER to get her personally from Doc Magoo's, sustaining a painful fall in the process. But after the patient died and she flatly said to the three "you killed him", she was seen back at Doc Magoo's where she found the pager she left in the bathroom stall.

Desperate to cover up her irresponsibility when the hospital was sued by the patient's family, Weaver fired Malucci in the third episode "Blood, Sugar, Sex, Magic" on a charge of misconduct, and by the fourth episode "Never Say Never", she pinned the malpractice on Malucci and Chen.

In "Bygones", Weaver was stunned when she realized a lonely young woman murdered her roommate because of unrequited love. She then reconciled with Lopez and the two of them made their first social appearance at an impromptu drinking party after Mark Greene died. Weaver was visibly saddened by Greene's death and broke down after hearing the news of his passing. She later told Sandy she knew his demise was coming but never thought it would affect her as deeply as it did. She realized she had lost a friend and regretted the years they spent in competition for various ER posts and promotions.

Season nine
Weaver and Lopez were still together and had on-going arguments about the future of their relationship. Weaver wanted to have a child, but after suffering a miscarriage felt Lopez should carry the child. Lopez, however, did not want to get pregnant, because it would impact her firefighting career. The couple did not get much screen time that season, and Weaver was given another story thread about the consequences she faced when she failed to report a local politician who tested positive for syphilis; Alderman Johnathan Bright provided funding for County and a plum position for Kerry, but forced her to do an off-the-record treatment of his closeted gay lover that ended with the lover's accidental death from an allergic reaction to penicillin. Later, Dr. Anspaugh became fed up with Dr. Romano's attitude and neglect on the job. Anspaugh offered to lighten Romano's work load by sharing his administrative duties with Kerry Weaver. When Romano refused this, he was replaced with a somewhat surprised Weaver, who offered Romano the Chief of Emergency Medicine position.

Season ten
Kerry settled into her chief administrative position but ran into various challenges that arose day by day from hospital staffing to the ER's hectic renovation. These obstacles included her constant run-ins with Dr. Romano, whom at one point she threatens to fire. When he was killed in a helicopter accident, Kerry, like many others, was not saddened, though she acknowledged that his presence was an important contribution to the hospital. Later in early 2004, Weaver dedicated a Center of LGBT healthcare in the memory of Romano, which secretly served as post-mortem payback, since Romano was not a supporter of gay rights. In her personal life, Lopez changed her mind about having a baby and gave birth to baby Henry in the hospital. Later on in the season, however, Lopez died from injuries she suffered while fighting a fire; Kerry was devastated by the loss. Abby Lockhart and (surprisingly) Elizabeth Corday were particularly supportive towards her following this tragedy. Sandy's parents (who had never approved of her sexual orientation) took custody of Henry and for the remainder of the season, Weaver's storyline focused on a child custody battle between herself and Lopez's parents. The custody situation was eventually settled when the Lopezes and Weaver agreed to her having primary custody, with the Lopezes taking care of Henry while Kerry was at work.

Season eleven
In the 2005 episode titled "Just As I Am," Weaver finally met her biological mother, Helen Kingsley, who turned out to be a conservative Christian, originally from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and currently living in Terre Haute, Indiana. Kingsley (Frances Fisher) explained to Weaver that, as an unmarried, teenage mother with limited options for raising a child, she gave Weaver up for adoption when she was 14 days old in hopes of her having a better life. She was in town for a Christ Crusade and decided to meet her daughter since Kerry's biological father, Cody Boone, had recently died. When Kingsley learned her daughter was a lesbian, she and Weaver clashed over faith and sexuality, with Weaver insisting that her mother love and accept her. Kingsley said she could love her daughter, but because she could not accept homosexuality as moral, she could not accept her daughter. This episode not only ended the mystery behind Weaver's mother, it also revealed for the first time the reason for Weaver's crutch: Helen inquired about Weaver's limp, and Weaver explained that she suffered from congenital hip dysplasia, a birth defect. Weaver was surprised to learn that Helen knew nothing about it, and her long-held fear that the birth defect was the reason she was given up for adoption was resolved.

Aside from this episode, Kerry Weaver almost exclusively played supporting roles and was frequently absent from entire episodes. A negative contribution was that she played a major role in forcing Elizabeth Corday to leave County, though Corday deliberately provoked her into doing so because she could not work with Lucien Dubenko, a new surgeon that Weaver had hired.

Season twelve
Kerry continued to play the background in most of the episodes this season. Even though she stayed very busy with her administrative meetings and tasks, Kerry occasionally took shifts in the ER to keep her emergency skills sharp. In the episode "Out on a Limb" Kerry finally underwent surgery to fix her hip dysplasia. In the episode "No Place To Hide," Kerry walked for the first time on the series without the aid of her forearm crutch. Kerry asked Abby (who was expecting a child with Luka) to be Henry's legal guardian in the event that something happened to her, but her surgery was entirely successful. (Reportedly, this storyline was done, at least in part, because Laura Innes really was starting to develop hip and back problems after ten years of walking with a fake limp for the sake of her role.) Laura Innes described this arc as the character "shedding some of her hardness and moving on in her life."

At the end of the season, Kerry faced criticism for hiring Dr. Victor Clemente (John Leguizamo) as an attending physician, who compromised patient care leading to possible liability and lawsuits to the hospital. Despite being responsible for hiring him (and for defending him against Luka's protests when Clemente began causing trouble), Kerry tried to divert the fire towards Dr. Luka Kovač (Goran Visnjic), the Chief of Emergency Medicine, risking his job as a result.

Season thirteen
After saving Luka and Abby in the season premiere, Kerry realized that her constant attempts to protect her career had cost her friendships; she owned up to her responsibility for the Clemente incident in order to save Luka from being fired. She was demoted from Chief of Staff as a result and was back to being an attending physician. Though she clearly struggled to adjust to her new position, especially with the current ER chief Luka Kovač now being her boss, Kerry was pleased to practice medicine full-time again; she also developed a more friendly relationship with Greg Pratt.

Working back in the ER, Weaver caught the eye of a TV producer filming a news segment with Dr. Morris and literally steals the show. She's offered a job by the executives for news reporting. Shortly afterwards, Kerry and her producer Courtney (Michelle Hurd) developed a close relationship, one Kerry had not felt since her partner Sandy Lopez died. Courtney told Kerry how her great news broadcasting could open a successful career for her. Kerry decided to leave County General when ER chief Luka Kovač had to enact budget cuts and eliminate an attending position. Kerry accepted a television show offer at WTVJ in Miami, despite Kovač's last-minute efforts to convince her to stay.

Kerry Weaver's last regular appearance on ER was in the Season 13 episode called "A House Divided" Episode 280 in which Abby Lockhart expressed to Dr. Weaver that if it had not been for her, she'd never have become a doctor or a mother; she and Kerry shared a tearful farewell moment. As Kerry packed up and walked out of County General's doors for the last time, she only asked Luka to take care of the place for her and advised him not to make her mistake of getting involved in hospital politics, indicating that she forgave him. Luka took her advice and stepped down as Chief towards the end of the season, just before he married Abby.

Laura Innes' last appearance as a series regular on the show was on January 11, 2007. Following her departure from the program, NBC received some pressure from GLAAD to introduce more LGBT characters.

Return to the series in the fifteenth season and the end
Weaver appeared in a flashback sequence in the Season 15 episode titled "Heal Thyself", which was set back in 2002, just months before Greene's death. In her scene, she walked into Trauma 1 and expressed how worried she was about Dr. Mark Greene, because of his treatment for brain cancer. She told him to step down and take a break from treating Catherine Banfield's son. After he refused, Dr. Weaver reluctantly left the room.

At the end of the Season 15 episode "The Book of Abby," long-serving nurse Haleh Adams showed the departing Abby Lockhart a closet wall where all the past doctors and employees had put their locker name tags. Among them, the tag "Weaver" was seen.

During Season 15 episode 19, former co-worker Dr. Doug Ross asked both Sam Taggart and Neela Rasgotra about Weaver (as he found out that they were from County), curious if she was still working there.

In the series finale, she flew from Florida to attend the dedication and opening of the Carter Center. She met up with Elizabeth Corday, Susan Lewis, John Carter, and Peter Benton after Carter's opening. The old colleagues went out to eat at an old tavern and catch up with each other. At the end of the night, she then told the group that she couldn't stay any longer, as she needed to catch a flight back to Florida. Kerry gave everyone a hug and left Chicago.

title: Kerry Weaver


text: User talk:85.64.46.148

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:85.64.46.148


text:
Talk:Damour massacre

2005
User:Gramaic asked me to comment on this page. I know nothing about the specific incident, so I have little to say about the specific content, but I would suggest that this is the type of topic where references should certainly be given, and none are. -- Jmabel | Talk 17:40, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Inaccurate and full POVs
This article is fairly inaccurate and grossly fulled of POVs. It needs to be reviewed. For example; there's misinformation, vagueness and contradiction as to whom committed the massacre. The article states that the PLO and LVM are the ones who committed it while the real perpetrator were the As-Sa'iqa. The article goes on describing the horrible details of mutilation in an inflammatory manner inadequate to an Encyclopedia.WisamFarouk (talk) 13:07, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

source
as for the source, I think that that the priest in (father labaky) wrote a testimony book about the massacre --equitor 05:06, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * actually I am sure, but it's not for sale anymore--equitor 05:16, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

"Incident" section
Ian Pitchford, can you please tell why you keep deleting this section. What is stated in that section is a fact. You said in the summary "for which no references have been provided." I provided sources, and you deleted them. I would never add anything to an article if it did not have sources. Thanks, --Gramaic | Talk 20:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Cedarland.org
I replaced the anonymous Geocities link with a link to this Lebanese Christian website. It's exactly the same material, but claimed by the organization rather than just left floating out in cyberspace. The Geocities page was from an earlier effort by the same people who later created Cedarland.org Babajobu 20:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Sources of information
Here's a source I found as I searched through Amazon.com. To let everyone know ahead of time, the pictures shown on that site are quite graphic and disturbing. --Gramaic | Talk 08:12, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * An encyclopedia should be comprehensive, authoritative and cite relevant scholarly sources. Inaccurate web pages full of POV commentary don't qualify as "sources" in this context. How reliable can the pages be when they both have the date wrong? It will be a considerable boon to all interested in this event if we can find and list appropriate scholarly sources. --Ian Pitchford 15:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a hard time believing that multiple Lebanese Christian websites get the date wrong on a massacre of Lebanese Christians, and only Mr. Pitchford's "honorable white liberals" get it right. There's got to be more to this. However, I do agree that these should probably not be listed as sources...but they are definitely appropriate as external links. The aggrieved community's account of its own butchering is absolutely relevant. Babajobu 15:05, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Can you think of any reason why the date might be deliberately inaccurate? --Ian Pitchford 15:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I can, yes, but I can also imagine why sources favored by Robert of Arabia may have fudged the date, too. In general "when the swarthy colonials disagree, just ask Sahib Robert (or whoever is the nearest white male) what actually occured" is not a good strategy for getting at the truth. I'd like to see more sources before concluding that all the Lebanese Christians are lying because Sahib Robert said so. Babajobu 15:47, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Mordechai Nisan concurs and Fisk's account is eyewitness, not derived from "sources". --Ian Pitchford 16:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Eyewitness? Were the Palestinians pulling him there on a rickshaw so he could observe the silly little locals massacre one another, "good show, good show, sport"? How was he an eyewitness? Regardless, if it is true, and if it true that the family members of the massacred Lebanese are engaged in a cynical political disinformation campaign, I still think their account of their own communal butchering is notable as a link. Babajobu 16:33, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sure we both want to assist readers by finding good sources and citing them - let's concentrate on that. --Ian Pitchford 16:34, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay. Babajobu 16:37, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I seem to remember there's something about a link between Damour and Sabra and Chatila in Friedman's 'From Beirut to Jerusalem', though he gets the date wrong too (Feb 1976). I'll check later. --Ian Pitchford 16:41, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

(<--- move back to margin) Mr. Pitchford, I the linked pictures very clearly indicate that bodies, including those of children, were mutilated. It would be hard to imagine more explicit "proof" that such things occured. So I've reverted to the previous version (but made a minor copyedit). However, I won't engage in a revert war. If you want to revert back, go head. But I don't think it's justified. Babajobu 13:11, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I added the links to the pictures. They don't show any decapitations, mutilations or dismemberments. These events could have occurred, but I haven't yet been able to find any reliable references to them. --Ian Pitchford 14:20, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I must have followed Gramaic's link, which included pictures of children with their limbs removed. Is that link not in the article? Actually, if we do put it in the article, it needs not to be a hypertext link, and has to include a warning. Babajobu 15:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm willing to stick with your version, but I still sense a "sahib Robert is right, other people are wrong or lying to the extent that they deviate from sahib Robert's account" mentality here. If there were a Palestinian account of the Sabra and Shatilla massacre, would you head the link that this was "an extremely partisan and contentious account" of the massacre. I think the link should just state that it is a Falangist account. Babajobu 15:54, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Phalangist account is inaccurate - just read the opening sentence. --Ian Pitchford 16:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * About the mutilating and maiming, if the link I provided above is not enough proof that such incidents took place during the massacre, I don't know what is! Regards, --Gramaic | Talk 19:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Mr. Pitchford, you've stated it so that "some sources claim" that people were mutilated. How is that you are not convinced by the pictures of mutilated bodies? To me this is equivalent to stating regarding the Sabra and Shatilla massacre that "some sources claim that people were killed." Do you think that would be appropriate? Babajobu 01:53, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You can find father Labaky's testimony on a lot of websites (some versions are slightly different because people edit the text). After some research I was able to find its origin: The PLO by Jillian Becker. ISBN 0312593791 --equitor 05:15, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * "Nisan, M. (2003). The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz)." A biography by an Israeli of a leader of an Israeli proxy-militia is hardly a reliable source. It should be removed. FunkMonk (talk) 15:54, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

Church in Damour
I added a statement to the article, about the church being used as a repair garage and a target practice. But I also added "Other sources claim" at the beginning of the statement so we can remain NPOV. Regards, --Gramaic | Talk 20:09, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

--Gramic, i have a feeling that you are part of the lobbying group that is trying to distort some of th ewiki articles regarding Israel, PLO etc.. i have tried to look for an apropriate source including UN mission in Lebanon and none were to confairm claims that a church was converted to a "garage". Also after some research the deaths at that week did not exced 37 people from both sides Saika and the Damour natives. Saika is not part of the PLO they are a separates group that had direct ties with Syria. I advise wiki editors to re-examin this article, and its source.- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.173.162.129 (talk) 14:54, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Formatting
The text is "wrapped" around the small square Table of Context box in order to avoid ugly gaping holes of blank space. Try alternatives yourself and see the effect. "TOCleft" is preferably, unless there are reasons for setting it at the right. There is currently an editor going about making a mess of carefully formatted articles to satisfy some obscure personal agenda. --Wetman 21:52, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

BBC link
Do we need this link in the "External links" section? It talks about Lebanon, but there's no mention of even the word Damour itself. --Gramaic | Talk 00:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

forces who carried out the massacre
The intro refers to
 * the combined forces of the Lebanese National Movement, which consisted of Palestinians from the Fatah, Habash and Hawatmeh movements

This isn't what the LNM consisted of at all, although the Palestinian groups mentioned were allied to the LNM all right. This needs to be fixed.

Also, the peculiar reference to the "Habash and Hawatmeh movements" should be changed to "the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine" if these groups were indeed involved. Palmiro | Talk 12:39, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * We've all been struggling with the paucity of sources here. If you have something useful you should go ahead and add it. --Ian Pitchford 18:12, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't realize that "Habash" here actually referred to George Habash, founder and leader of the PFLP. Makes sense, I'll change the reference. Babajobu 19:01, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Introduction makes more sense. That's a good change. --Gramaic | Talk 00:35, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Contradiction?
The claim that none of the 349 remaining villagers survived seems to contrast with the broader range of possible victims given in the introduction. I wouldn't know which one is correct, but I guess the wiser thing to do would be to remove the "349" from that sentence, if it is known that there were no prisoners taken. Arre 04:27, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

War.of.lebanon documentary
In the documentary made by Al-jazeera TV channel, communist leader George Hawi said that the damour invasion was a syrian response to what was happening in the east beirut camps, especially the LF attacks on Tal-al-Zaatar. He also mentioned that syrians had US backing on this issue at that time. Thats why "al-Saiqa" forces where present, they were under strict command of Hafez al-Assad. Similar quotes were also made by Phalange member Karim Pakradouni in that documentary. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by H-CTR (talk • contribs) 25 Feb 2006.

Weak citation
The citation for 1000 dead at Karantina is from 111101.net, basically a literary webzine based in Beirut. They do not provide a citation for their number. I'm not saying the number is wrong; I am saying that it could use a better citation. - Jmabel | Talk 04:07, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Very dubious edit (& probably copyvio) reverted
I have reverted to the version of 14 March 2007. This was massively rewritten on 17 March, with what appears to be a straight plagiarism of the uncited and rather biased www.cedarland.org/damour.html. - Jmabel | Talk 05:37, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Picture annotation
PLO guerrillas locked in the women and children before lighting the church on fire.

Strange annotation seeing as the picture is of the South Lebanese Army HQ in Damour. It is also strange that the reasoning for choosing to attack Damour is missing from the article....Ashley kennedy3 (talk) 14:47, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The pictures are hardly owned by the Lebanese Forces, as is claimed, have no sources either, so they should either have fair use rationales or be removed. FunkMonk (talk) 16:19, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Its not claims or by the Lebanese forces the LF didnt even exist at this time they came in 1977 to protect cghristians from stuff like this. i am saying this as someone who doesnt come from a LF family (believe me I dont) but whats stated about the horrific ats here are all true and sad thing is history has overlooked it because Arafat bought the Media with his millions from the gulf. This is what the Christians and those survivors of this massacre have testified and their photos the PLO took sadistically themselves that even show it. The palestinians did do that, they also turned Churches into Garages and put Arafats picture on the manifest. I can upload a picture of the Children they mutilated and cut into pieces grotesquely its very graphic and groesteque but if that isnt a enough a realible for you.♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 01:27, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
 * How is it overlooked? By the time of Damour, there had already been the Tel al-Zaatar and Karantina massacres, which are arguably even more overlooked. The fact is, the massacre on Palestinians like the Sabra Shatila one were on a much larger scale, therefore it might, deservedly, have gotten more attention. The Israelis and Kataeb could have bought the media just as well as the PLO did, certainly had the resources for it. FunkMonk (talk) 11:49, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

More like on a much more reported scale even in Lebanon the goverement and Media overlook the victims of the PLO onslaught (Which i am sorry did outnumber palestinians) but nobody forgets Shatila and Sabra. The PLO did buy the media even the Lebanese papers many of them were bought by the Gulf or Arafat to write in POV of the PLO, Kataeb had nowhere near the amount of money as the PLO were getting from the Gulf and Arab states even Said Aql noted this was one of the biggest challenges that Christians & Lebanese faced. PLO used those massacres for their propaganda this is not my words this what even one of their supporters Robert Fisk. Tell Zattar you should keep in mind took THREE MONTHS to siege that camp and it was an attack against the PLO (in their thousands) who used that camp to attack the Christians of that area with it was becomming a ceasspole for terrorists even the Lebanese Front were still using weapons from Ww2 while the Palestinians had more men and advanced weaponry. Really more against Palestinians? You can only name those 3 I can name ones I bet you never heard of since Cameras or Press werent sent there or bothered to report them. Taalabaya, Jwar el Hoz, Aintoura, Abaydiyeh, Araya, Chebanieh, Maasser Beiteddine...villages were partially or completely destroyed and its inhabitants massacred. I could list more
 * Chekka Massacre
 * Jdeidit Baalbak Massacre
 * Al Kaa Massacre
 * Ras Baalbak Massacre
 * Aychiyeh Massacre
 * Barouk Massacre
 * Batmeh Massacre
 * Breeh Massacre
 * Deir Achach Massacre
 * Deir Jenin Massacre
 * Kfar Nabragh Massacre
 * Maasir Beiteddine Massacre
 * Machghara Massacre
 * Kaddam Massacre
 * Maasir Massacre
 * Mazraat El Chouf Massacre
 * Tall Abbas massacre
 * Jieh Massacre
 * Achrafieh Massacre
 * Hosh Barada massacre
 * Akhe Massacre massacre
 * Ain El Remmaneh massacre

How many article in Wikipedia mention of have been made for those massacres? ♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 22:54, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
 * If you can find reliable sources describing those as massacres, well, you should create articles about every single one of them instead of complaining about them not being covered. That's how Wikipedia works, after all. I doubt the scale of the massacres you list are anything near the three ones I mentioned, and that's what I meant by "scale", not the number of alleged massacres. There were more minor massacres on Palestinians as well, just like there were more minor massacres on Maronites. But nothing done against the Maronites compares to what was done to the Palestinians in scale. You haven't explained any details on these massacres, only given a list, which doesn't really help much. And again, don't tell me the Israelis wouldn't be able to help the maronites with propaganda, they did so in many other cases, and supported them financially as well. FunkMonk (talk) 23:04, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Dont worry I will be adding these articles very soon Actually the biggest "Massacre" against the palestinians was not done by Kataeb or in Shatila and Sabra but by the Shia of Amal in the war of the camps but this is never brought up in historic context or talked as a massacre simply because 1) the Israelis werent there 2) the PLO didnt use it for propaganda for their cause Yes your right the Maronites had their country destroyed and power in the country dimished and millions now live in diaspora but its still only the Palestinians who should be recognized as victims and their role in the root of this war ignored and we should continue to lynch the Maronites instead. The PLO had billions from the Arab states, Kataeb didnt have billions or where getting money from Israel.Infact even America was against the Christians this is something however their current leadership doesnt put into perspective.Give me an example of them helping Maronites in the media propangada? infact Christians were terriably demonized in the Media by the Press and to this still are by Leftists like Robert Fisk and other radical progessives. All the Journalists where based in West Beirut so please dont even bother denying Arafat had the media biasly in his favour.Most of those listed massacred happened before Israel even entered the war, the alliance the Christians had with the Israel was one out of survival and desperation, The palestinians got their money and weapons for free from the Arabs whereas the LF had to Pay for every bullet that got from the Israelis and no one bought media, its clear you are a PLO apologist for its crimes in Lebanon. Some in the Gemayel family were even skeptical about making a formal relationship with Israel Pierre Gemayel against the opinion of Ettienne Sakr thought making a peace pact with Israel or normalisation would be closing 22 doors and opening 1

LOL I am not a Maronite I'm Orthodox many of those alleged massacred as you put it happened in our areas and towns aswell.Alledged massacres? yes all lies only palestinians and the PLO tell the truth ♥Yasmina♥ (talk) 00:20, 27 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I neither accused you of lying or of being Maronie. All I'm asking for is reliable sources. And maye some numbers, to put things into perspective. FunkMonk (talk) 00:43, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Syrian
The Syrians were not PLO supporters. Fact Syria had a PLO purge in syria at this time....Ashley kennedy3 (talk) 17:30, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

The Syrians were ARMING both sides, they switch to siding with the PLO back and forth when it suited them —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.0.45.201 (talk) 13:12, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

1500 dead at karantina?
Who the hell writes this stuff? I was there, I'm Lebanese, I lived through all of it, and the amount of palestinians killed in Karantina was less than 20. Could not even be called a massacre. This page should be written from trusted sources, not from some ignorant westerners who can't even find Lebanon on the map and have a pro-palestinian POV and want to justify anything the palestinans did.
 * The sources say so, whatever you claim is irrelevant. FunkMonk (talk) 03:20, 16 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I have to step in here. The amount killed at karantina is certainly greater than 20(though most killed were militants, many civilians were killed), but according to most of the sources I heard, it didn't amount to more than 200 at the most. The sources reffered to ,like fisk, are all from western pro-palestinian activists who at the time were living at the other end of the world with no ability to know what was happening, and probably couldn't find karantina on the map. But then again, if the all-knowing White Man says so, then who cares about the eywitnesse accounts and bodycounts of the stupid natives who were there and went through all of it.--94.187.96.34 (talk) 19:33, 20 November 2010 (UTC)
 * See the sources in the article, they all say the same. Find credible sources that claim otherwise, your opinion doesn't matter at all. And tell me, did you personally count the bodies or what since you seem so sure? FunkMonk (talk) 03:17, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * And your opinion does not matter either, FunkMonk, nor does that of the biased pro-Palestinian sources you are using. When you find some unbiased sources, we'll be more than happy to accept the numbers you put forward. -- λⲁⲛτερⲛιξ [talk] 17:00, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * You have not substituted the sources (which have been there for years without my involvement) with others. Blanking refs is vandalism. FunkMonk (talk) 19:41, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Note the article's now on a 1 revert per 24hrs restriction along with all the other Israel/Palestine articles.--Misarxist 10:31, 24 November 2010 (UTC)
 * What exactly does it have to do with that conflict? Israel was not involved in any way at all. In any case, reverting obvious vandalism (which contradicting the sources used in a sentence and thereby making it look like they state something they do not certainly is) is allowed. FunkMonk (talk) 11:49, 24 November 2010 (UTC)
 * This article was mentioned on I/P collaboration discussion page. I guess 1 revert per 24hrs restriction's aim is to reduce edit wars and to encourage dispute resolution via discussion. Totally appropriate here. AgadaUrbanit (talk) 12:53, 25 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, it's meant to reduce edit wars in relation to the Arab Israeli conflict, not the PLO/Phalangist conflict. And 1 rv rule here would be counterproductive, since the edits of Lanternix and friends, which are clear POV pushing OR and pretty much vandalism, would be harder to get rid of. FunkMonk (talk) 16:51, 25 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Excuse me, FunkMonk, I did not review sources yet, so I can not express any opinion on content dispute in hand, though as restriction goes, it is formally defined by membership projects. Sometimes Food fight could break up even in surprising place like Falafel... AgadaUrbanit (talk) 18:26, 25 November 2010 (UTC)
 * But it is not within project Israel, for example. FunkMonk (talk) 11:34, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Great, the Palestinian editors can say whatever they want, and anyone who doesnt like it is a "POV pusher and vandal". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.42.185.83 (talk) 10:31, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
 * No, anyone who adds credible, published sources can add whatever they want, but people who remove these and replace them with unsourced and made up claims are pov pushers and vandals. Should be obvious. FunkMonk (talk) 11:32, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The only reason you call them "credible, published sources" is because they satisfy your own point of view. You take a ridiculous figure of 1500 dead seriously when there isn't even a single picture of a dead body? Where you even alive at the time kid? Where you watching the news like everyone else in Lebanon?(I'm assuming you're lebanese too since you're editing this article, but you probably aren't). Did you see the news like everyone else? Did the news show any masses of dead bodies piled on top of each other like in Damour and in Sabra and Shatila(which by the way are supposed to have a smaller death toll that than Karantina). Can you cook up a single picture of a dead body from those "thousands" of dead at Karantina? Could the armies of photographers and reporters missed 1500 dead bodies? You are willing to impose on everyone the "credible" sources which also say that "the Palestinians were trying to 'save' Lebanon form the evil christians"? The sources which are apologists for the PLO? Did anyone here step in when you were trying to find an excuse for the damour massacre by filling the whole article with "Palestinians avenging karantina in damour"? Did you even know that the attack on damour actually began on the 9th of January, before karantina? And in any case did anyone on wikipedia make an excuse for the Karantina massacre that it was revenge for the massacre at Deir 3shash?
 * If you continue to use those biased sources, then I'll be happy to use some myself too, like the Kataeb site or the LF site.--63.216.124.116 (talk) 14:41, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Now please tell me "The sources say so, your argument is irrelevant.", so I can add my sources too.--63.216.124.116 (talk) 11:25, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Even if the sources were biased, they would be leagues more valid than no sources. Understand? This is a basic Wikipedia principle. And by the way, a person like William Harris is in no way comparable to an involved party like Lebanese Forces in reliability. FunkMonk (talk) 11:36, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok, your ridiculous claim that these one-sided propagandists and lyers are anymore credible than the Kataeb site, I'll accept. So I used a credible source, the al-akhbar newspaper, which by the way is a pro-palestinian communist-leaning newspaper, and it says, in a long article paying homage to the victims of the massacre, that 300 died. So if a pro-palestinian article says 300, the actual amount is probably far less. Now find a source as credible as this one if you want to keep arguing, otherwise, it's vandalism and POV-pushing.--63.216.124.116 (talk) 14:41, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Don't replace the sources, give an estimate, from 200 to 1.500. And by the way, William Harris, who gave the 1.500 number, is pro-March 14, so hardly pro-Palestinain or "Communist". FunkMonk (talk) 16:44, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Like was said before, a pro-palestinian western activist who can't find lebanon on the map,gets figures and estimates out of thin air, and simply multiplies the actual figure by 10 because he wanted his "revenge massacre" at Damour to be justified, is not a credible source.

Want me to repeat it again? Pro-palestinian biased source-No good Source. Clear enough?--63.216.124.116 (talk) 17:07, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * No one wants you to repeat anything. Now Lebanon is pro-March 14, and Harris is pro-March 14, so please, keep your misinformation to yourself. "William Harris is a professor in the department of political studies at the University of Otago in New Zealand. His most recent book is The Levant: A Fractured Mosaic (Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2005), which won a Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Title Award. He is currently working on A History of Lebanon, 1640-2007 for Oxford University Press in New York." And: "William Harris, preeminent scholar of the Levant and author of the classic text, “Faces of Lebanon,” speaks exclusively to NOW about the current situation in Lebanon, his recent article in the Wall Street Journal, the state of the international tribunal – and what’s in store for us all if the tribunal fails to take place." Looks like we've used up our reverts, by the way. FunkMonk (talk) 17:13, 3 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Again, if someone find sources that give another number, add them ALONG with the older sources, don't replace them FunkMonk (talk) 16:39, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
 * And whatever the IP said about "eyewitness accounts", if it has a valid citation, feel free to put it in, but for the 17th time, DO NOT REMOVE OTHER REFERENCES. FunkMonk (talk) 12:27, 19 December 2010 (UTC)

Dead Link?
I read this section, and reviewed the low-speed edit war in the lede. I thought perhaps something giving high and low estimates would work. But when I checked the sources, it turned out that this one: http://www.al-akhbar.com/ar/node/173626, the one that Propagandist and the IPs have been trying to use, does not respond. Temporary? If not, it has to go. And in any event, the other sources are reliable, and should be restored. Jd2718 (talk) 15:44, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Yep. FunkMonk (talk) 16:36, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

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"empty the city"
Its WP:SYNTH to combine Fisk calling it an act of ethnic cleansing and the ICTJ report, which never once calls it ethnic cleansing, to connect the quote with Fisk's usage of that term. Im moving the quote to the body, and attributing to Fisk "ethnic cleansing" as that does not appear to be the common way of referring to this massacre, or any in Lebanon really. Im also restoring that it was revenge for an earlier massacre.  nableezy  - 19:26, 18 August 2022 (UTC)

This page lacks adequate sourcing.
There are numerous dead links, including to sites that seem to have a partisan bias. 2600:4040:6068:9B00:C81A:A64D:F2B2:BA28 (talk) 01:49, 5 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Damour massacre


text:
Cobalt glass

Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue coloured glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt. Cobalt is a very intense colouring agent and very little is required to show a noticeable amount of colour.

Cobalt glass plates are used as an optical filter in flame tests to filter out the undesired strong yellow light emitted by traces of sodium, and expand the ability to see violet and blue hues, similar to didymium glass. Specialty tasting glasses made of cobalt glass are used by professional olive oil tasters to disguise the color of the oil being assessed to avoid bias in judging.

Moderately ground cobalt glass (potassium cobalt silicate)—called "smalt"—has been historically important as a pigment in glassmaking, painting, pottery, for surface decoration of other types of glass and ceramics, and other media. The long history of its manufacture and use has been described comprehensively. Cobalt aluminate, also known as "cobalt blue", can be used in a similar way.

Cobalt glass such as Bristol blue glass is appreciated for its attractive colour and is popular with collectors. It is used in the distinctive blue bottles of Harvey's Bristol Cream sherry and Tŷ Nant mineral water.

History

The earliest known example of cobalt aluminate glass dates to a lump from about 2000 BC in ancient Mesopotamia, very possibly intended for use as a pigment; it was rare until the modern era. Cobalt oxide smalt appears as a pigment in Egyptian pottery about five centuries later, and soon after in the Aegean region. In paintings, smalt has a tendency to lose its color over a long period, and is little used today. However, when used in ceramics for underglaze decoration, it keeps its colour well, and is the main blue used in blue and white pottery from a wide range of dates and areas, including Chinese blue and white porcelain from the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Renaissance Italian maiolica and Delftware.

Chinese porcelain used smalt glazes from the Tang dynasty onwards, though Chinese cobalt glass is found from the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 BC). Cobalt was used as a pigment in Central Asia from the 13th century. A fragment of a mud painting in the ancient Tangut city of Khara-Khoto has been found to contain smalt, judged to be dated between the 11th and 13th centuries. A large quantity of smalt was purchased for the decoration of the gallery of Francis I of France at Fontainebleau in 1536. Smalt, normally now discoloured, is common in European paintings from the 15th to 17th centuries. For example, it is found in Hans Holbein the Younger's portrait of Sir William Butts (ca. 1540), in Michael Pacher's painting "The Early Fathers' Altar" (ca. 1483), and in the frescos of Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494).

The invention of a European smalt process has traditionally been credited to a Bohemian glassmaker named Christoph Schürer, around 1540–1560. However, its presence in Dieric Bouts' The Entombment from circa 1455 proves that it was used at least a century earlier.

In England and Scotland, smalt was added to laundry starch. James VI and I considered awarding a patent for making a "blue azure" product for this purpose in Scotland in February 1609.

The process used for producing cobalt smalt glass at the Blaafarveværket industrial manufacturing center in Norway in the 19th century has been documented as smelting cobalt oxide together with quartz and potassium carbonate. The result was an intensely blue glass-like substance that was ground and sold to producers of glassware and porcelain.

title: Cobalt glass


text:
James J. Howard

James John Howard (July 24, 1927 – March 25, 1988) was an American educator and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1965 until his death from a heart attack in Washington, D.C. in 1988.

Early life and career
He was born on July 24, 1927, in Irvington, New Jersey. Howard graduated from St. Rose School, Belmar, in 1941, Asbury Park High School in 1947, St. Bonaventure University, in 1952; and earned a Master of Education degree from Rutgers University-New Brunswick in 1958.

Prior to being elected to the House, Howard served in the United States Navy in the South Pacific from December 30, 1944, to July 19, 1946; teacher and acting principal in Wall Township school system from 1952 to 1964.

Tenure in Congress
Elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-ninth and to the eleven succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1965, until his death from a heart attack in Washington, D.C., on March 25, 1988.

On May 23, 1967, Howard created a public controversy over the M16, the basic combat rifle in Vietnam, beginning after he read a letter to the House of Representatives in which a Marine in Vietnam claims that almost all Americans killed in the Battle of Hill 881 died as a result of their new M16 rifles jamming. By the end of 1967, the problem had been resolved.

In 1974, he introduced the idea of a 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. And Congress soon imposed a nationwide 55 MPH (90 km/h) speed limit by threatening to withhold highway funds from states that did not adopt this limit. It was estimated a speed of 55 mi/h used 17% less fuel per mile than a speed of 75 MPH (120 km/h). It was also believed, based on a noticeable drop the first year the limit was imposed, that it cut down on highway deaths, but later studies were more mixed on this point. In addition, Howard authored an innovative coordinated surface transportation policy and program.

Howard's other notable, enduring contributions to the fight for enhanced highway safety include sponsorship of a myriad of bills such as: the Howard-Barnes anti-drunk driving legislation (1982); the Child Restraint Law (1984), which increased funding for state child passenger safety programs; legislation establishing a uniform minimum drinking age of 21 (1984); the National Driver's Register (1982); the National Infrastructure Act (1983); and the Motor Carrier Act (1980), which was the first regulatory reform of the trucking industry in half a century that, among other things, increased federal aid for truck safety programs.

Howard served as chairman of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation (Ninety-seventh through One Hundredth Congresses).

At the time of his death, Howard was fighting an effort by transportation-related businesses move to persuade Congress to "complete" truck deregulation, a move they said would save billions in distribution costs. Upon his death the committee chairmanship passed to Rep. Glenn M. Anderson (D-CA).

Frank Pallone filled the seat vacated by Howard's death in 1988.

Death and burial
Howard was a resident of Spring Lake Heights, New Jersey. He died on March 25, 1988 and was interred in St. Catharine's Cemetery in Sea Girt, New Jersey.

Honors

 * On September 21, 1985, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center was destroyed by a fire. On October 11, 1989, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Sandy Hook, New Jersey for the construction of a 36000 sqft marine research laboratory to be occupied by scientists from the Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), as well as from state agencies through the New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium (NJMSC),  and academic institutions in New Jersey. The new laboratory, was completed in about three years and named the James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory to honor the late U.S. Representative who strongly supported marine research'. The primary mission of the Howard Laboratory is to conduct research in ecology, leading to a better understanding of both coastal and estuarine organisms and the effects of human activities on nearshore marine populations.
 * The Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) named their highest honor the James J. Howard Highway Safety Trailblazer Award. The award honors an individual for sustained outstanding leadership in endeavors that significantly improve highway safety. The recipient of this award must have undertaken a concerted, long-term effort to make our nation's highways safer and has made a significant contribution to the field of highway safety. The recipient must have established and implemented programs or have been responsible for notable advancements in technology or research throughout the years that have yielded a demonstrated safety impact.
 * The Asbury Park main train station and bus terminal was torn down and rebuilt as the James J. Howard Transportation Center.
 * On April 6, 1988, President Ronald Reagan signs H.R. 4263 naming Interstate 195 (I-195) in New Jersey the James J. Howard Interstate Highway. Interstate 195 is an east–west freeway linking Trenton to the Jersey Shore.
 * Department of Veterans Affairs's Veterans Health Administration established the James J. Howard Veterans Outpatient Clinic in Brick Township, New Jersey, to provides primary care and specialty services to local veterans.
 * Fort Monmouth's Eatontown Gardens, 600 family housing units in fifty two buildings, constructed 1953–1954, was renamed for Congressman James J. Howard in recognition of his long-time support for Fort Monmouth and his contributions in Congress to the welfare of soldiers and the Army.

title: James J. Howard


text:
The Clocks

The Clocks is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 November 1963 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. It features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. The UK edition retailed at sixteen shillings (16/-) and the US edition at $4.50.

In the novel Poirot never visits any of the crime scenes or speaks to any of the witnesses or suspects. He is challenged to prove his claim that a crime can be solved by the exercise of the intellect alone. The novel marks the return of partial first-person narrative, a technique that Christie had largely abandoned earlier in the Poirot sequence but which she had employed in the previous Ariadne Oliver novel, The Pale Horse (1961). There are two interwoven plots: the mystery Poirot works on from his armchair while the police work on the spot, and a Cold War spy story told in the first person narrative.

Reviews at the time of publication found the writing up to Christie's par, but found negatives: the murder of a character about to add useful information was considered "corny" and "unworthy" of the author, and "not as zestful". In contrast, Barnard's review in 1990 said it was a "lively, well-narrated, highly unlikely late specimen" of Christie's writing. He loved the clocks at the start, and was oddly disappointed that they were red herrings.

Plot summary
Sheila Webb, a typist at Miss Martindale's agency, arrives at her afternoon appointment at Wilbraham Crescent in Crowdean, Sussex. She finds a well-dressed older man, stabbed to death, surrounded by six clocks, four of which are stopped at 4:13, while the cuckoo clock announces it is 3 o'clock. When a blind woman enters the house about to step on the corpse, Sheila runs screaming out of the house and into the arms of a young man passing down the street.

This man, Special Branch or MI5 agent Colin "Lamb", takes Sheila into his care. He is investigating a clue from a note found in a dead agent's pocket: letter M, number 61, and a sketch of a crescent moon written on a bit of hotel stationery (sketched in the book). At 19 Wilbraham Crescent, home of the blind Miss Pebmarsh, a police investigation begins into the murder. The dead man's business card proves false. His clothing reveals nothing else, as all labels have been removed. He was killed with an ordinary kitchen knife. Colin and Inspector Hardcastle interview the neighbours. Their homes adjoin the murder site on the street or from the back gardens in this unusually arranged Victorian housing development. Colin takes a liking to Sheila.

Hardcastle questions Mrs Lawton, the aunt who raised Rosemary Sheila Webb. Rosemary is the name on a clock found at the scene of the murder, but it disappeared before police gathered them up. Colin approaches Hercule Poirot, an old friend of his father, to investigate the case. He challenges Poirot to do so from his armchair. He gives Poirot detailed notes. Poirot accepts, then instructs Colin to talk further with the neighbours.

At the inquest, the medical examiner explains that chloral hydrate was given to the victim before he was murdered. After the inquest, Edna Brent, one of the secretaries, expresses confusion at something said in evidence. She tries but fails to convey this to Hardcastle. She is soon found dead in a telephone box on Wilbraham Crescent, strangled with her own scarf. The dead man's identity is as yet unknown. Mrs Merlina Rival (original name Flossie Gapp) identifies the dead man as her one-time husband, Harry Castleton. Colin leaves Britain on his own case, travelling behind the Iron Curtain to Romania. He returns with the information he needed, but not the person he hoped to find. Following Poirot's advice, Colin talks with the neighbours. He finds a ten-year-old girl, Geraldine Brown, in the apartment block across the street. She has been observing and recording the events at Wilbraham Crescent while confined to her room with a broken leg. She reveals that a new laundry service delivered a heavy basket of laundry on the morning of the murder. Colin tells Hardcastle.

Hardcastle tells Mrs Rival that her description of the deceased is not accurate. Upset, she calls the person who involved her in this case. Despite police watching her, she is found dead at Victoria tube station, stabbed in the back. Poirot's initial view of this case is that the appearance of complexity must conceal quite a simple murder. The clocks are a red herring, as is the presence of Sheila, and the removal of the dead man's wallet and tailor marks in the clothing. Colin updates Poirot on subsequent visits.

At a room in a Crowdean hotel, Poirot tells Inspector Hardcastle and Colin Lamb what he has deduced. From a careful chronology, he deduces what Edna realised. She returned early from lunch on the day of the murder because her shoe was broken, unnoticed by Miss Martindale, the owner. Miss Martindale took no telephone call at the time she claimed she had, and is the one person with motive to murder Edna. From that fictitious call, the boss sent Sheila to Miss Pebmarsh's house for steno/typing service. Miss Pebmarsh denies requesting this service. Mrs Bland, one of the neighbours, mentioned she had a sister in the initial interview with Hardcastle. Poirot deduced the identity of this sister as Miss Martindale.

The present Mrs Bland is the second Mrs Bland. Mr Bland said his wife was the sole living relative for her family inheritance but she cannot both be sole heir and have a sister. Mr Bland's first wife died in the Second World War; he remarried soon after, to another Canadian woman. The family of his first wife had cut off communication with their daughter so thoroughly they did not know she had died. Sixteen years later, the first wife was announced to be the heiress to an overseas fortune as the last-known living relative. When this news reached the Blands, they decided the second Mrs Bland must pose as the first Mrs Bland. They fool a British firm of solicitors that sought the heir. When Quentin Duguesclin, who knew the first wife and her family, looked her up in England, a plan was laid to murder him. The plan was simple, with additions like the clocks taken from an unpublished mystery story that Miss Martindale had read in a manuscript.

They murdered Mrs Rival before she could tell the police who hired her. Mr Bland and his sister-in-law thought their plan would baffle the police, while Mrs Bland felt she was a pawn in their schemes. Mr Bland disposed of Duguesclin's passport on a trip to Boulogne, which trip he mentioned to Colin in casual conversation. Poirot holds that people reveal much in simple conversation. Poirot had assumed this trip took place, so the man's passport would be found in a country different from where he was murdered, and long after friends and family in Canada had missed him on his holiday in Europe. The missing clock, with Rosemary written on it, was traced. Colin realises that Sheila had taken it and tossed it in the neighbour's dustbin, seeing it was her very own clock, mislaid on the way to a repair shop. But the clock was taken by Miss Martindale, not mislaid by Sheila.

Colin turns his note upside down, and it points him to 19 Wilbraham Crescent. Miss Millicent Pebmarsh is the centre of the ring passing information to the other side in the Cold War, using Braille to encode their messages. He has decided to marry Sheila and realises that Miss Pebmarsh is Sheila's mother, and thus his future mother-in-law. He gives her two hours warning of the net closing around her. She chose her cause over her child once, and does so again, clutching a small deadly knife. "Lamb" disarms her and the two wait for the arrest, both firm in their convictions. The novel closes with two letters from Inspector Hardcastle to Poirot, telling him police have found all the hard evidence to close the case. Mrs Bland, less ruthless than her sister, admitted all under questioning.

Characters

 * Hercule Poirot, renowned Belgian detective.
 * Inspector Dick Hardcastle, the investigating officer.
 * Sergeant Cray, a policeman in the case.
 * Colin "Lamb", a British Intelligence agent, hinted to be a son of Superintendent Battle.
 * Miss Katherine Martindale, owner of the Cavendish Secretarial Bureau; sister of Valerie Bland. Nicknamed 'Sandy Cat' by the typists. She worked with her brother-in-law to murder Duguesclin.
 * Sheila Webb, a typist with the Cavendish Secretarial Bureau.
 * Mrs Lawton, aunt of Sheila Webb, who raised her from infancy, and sister to Sheila's mother.
 * Edna Brent, a typist with the Cavendish Secretarial Bureau, who is murdered.
 * Miss Millicent Pebmarsh, a blind teacher and inhabitant of 19 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * James Waterhouse, occupant of 18 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * Edith Waterhouse, James's sister.
 * Mrs Hemming, occupant of 20 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * Josaiah Bland, a builder, occupant of 61 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * Valerie Bland, second wife of Josiah Bland and sister of Miss Katherine Martindale.
 * Quentin Duguesclin, friend of the family of the first Mrs Bland, murdered and left in Miss Pebmarsh's home.
 * Mrs Ramsay, occupant of 62 Wilbraham Crescent, now abandoned by her husband.
 * Bill Ramsay, Mrs Ramsay's older son (11 years old).
 * Ted Ramsay, Mrs Ramsay's younger son, also home from school for the holidays.
 * Angus McNaughton, a retired professor, occupant of 63 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * Mrs McNaughton, Angus's wife.
 * Gretel, the McNaughtons' "Danish girl"/au pair.
 * Merlina Rival, a pawn of the murderers who is killed by them.
 * Colonel Beck, Colin's superior in British Intelligence.
 * Geraldine Brown, a young girl living across from 19 Wilbraham Crescent.
 * Ingrid, Geraldine Brown's Norwegian au pair.

Literary significance and reception
Francis Iles (Anthony Berkeley Cox) reviewed the novel in The Guardian's issue of 20 December 1963 when he said, "I am not so sure. This begins well, with the discovery of a stranger in a suburban sitting-room, with four strange clocks all showing the same time; but thereafter the story, though as readable as ever, does tend to hang fire. Also there is one very corny item, the vital witness killed when on the point of disclosing crucial information, which is quite unworthy of Miss Christie."

Maurice Richardson of The Observer (10 November 1963) concluded, "Not as zestful as usual. Plenty of ingenuity about the timing, though."

Robert Barnard: "Lively, well-narrated, highly unlikely late specimen – you have to accept two spies and three murderers living in one small-town crescent. The business of the clocks, fantastic and intriguing in itself, fizzles out miserably at the end. Contains (chapter 14) Poirot's considered reflections on other fictional detectives, and the various styles and national schools of crime writing."

References to other works

 * In Chapter 14, Poirot refers again to one of his favourite cases, the one related in The Nemean Lion, the first story of The Labours of Hercules.
 * In Chapter 24 mention is made of Poirot's role in "the Girl Guide murder case". This had been retold in Dead Man's Folly.

Adaptations
An adaptation for the ITV television series Agatha Christie's Poirot, with David Suchet as Poirot, was produced for the show's twelfth series, aired in the UK in 2011. Guest stars include Tom Burke as Lieutenant Colin Race, Jaime Winstone as Sheila Webb, Lesley Sharp as Miss Martindale, and Anna Massey as Miss Pebmarsh; this was Massey's last performance, before her death, and the ITV broadcast of the episode is dedicated to her memory. Charles Palmer (who also directed Hallowe'en Party for the series) directs this instalment, with the screenplay being written by Stewart Harcourt (who also wrote the screenplay for Murder on the Orient Express). The adaptation was filmed on location in Dover, Dover Castle and St Margaret's Bay.

For the television adaptation, the setting was shifted from the Cold War era of the 1960s to the 1930s (keeping it in line with ITV's other adaptation of Poirot's cases set around the same decade), with a further change in location from Crowdean, Sussex, to Dover, Kent. Whilst the novel's main plot is retained, a number of significant changes were made by the adaptation, including a modification of the novel's sub-plot due to the change in setting:

 * The characters of Mr and Mrs McNaughton, and Geraldine Brown are omitted from the adaptation. Three other characters were replaced with new ones: Constable Jenkins replaces Sergeant Cray as Hardcastle's assistant in the police investigations; Vice Admiral Hamling replaces Colonel Beck as Colin's superior; Christopher Mabbutt and his daughters, May and Jenny, replace the Ramsays at No. 62 Wilbraham Crescent, and are involved in the story's sub-plot
 * Some of the characters retained in the adaptation received some changes to them: Miss Pebmarsh is a mother, who lost two sons in the First World War, and has no relations to Sheila; Sheila has no family and thus she spent her youth in a home; Colin works as an intelligence officer for MI6 and not for Special Branch, while his surname is changed to Race, now making him a relation (specifically the son) of Colonel Race; Brent's first name is changed from Edna to Nora, while her murder happens close to the Cavendish Bureau rather than in Wilbraham Crescent; James and Edith Waterhouse become Matthew and Rachel Waterhouse, and are now Jews who fled from Germany to avoid persecution by the Nazis.
 * Unlike the novel, Poirot is more involved in the case right from the beginning, when Colin seeks him out for help. He is thus present for the interviews with all the suspects and witnesses of the case, as well as examining Wilbraham Crescent, and both the Cavendish Bureau and its surroundings.
 * The time of "4:13" is given more significance in that it hints to a hotel room that Sheila regularly visits under the cover of a work appointment, in order to conduct a secret love affair with a new role for the character of the boring professor – Professor Purdy. Miss Martindale knows of the affair and secretly despises it, and so uses this knowledge to help her to incriminate Sheila for the initial murder.
 * Some clues and events were changed by the adaptation: the laundry van clue is now provided by Mrs Hemmings; Mr Bland does not go abroad to dispose of evidence; Sheila does not dispose of the Rosemary clock but rather holds on to it, as the clock came from a mother that she never knew; the murder weapon is planted on Sheila at the inquest, by Mrs Bland; Merlina's murder occurs in Dover, not London, and her body is found by Hardcastle and Jenkins, shortly after losing her when they tail her.
 * Due to the change in setting, the novel's sub-plot had to be considerably modified to reflect this; while Miss Pebmarsh's involvement and the note clue are the only parts that were still retained, much of the rest was changed to have a connection to espionage prior to World War II:
 * Miss Pebmarsh is part of a small outfit seeking to weaken Britain in the event that it goes to war with Germany. Her motive for her actions is to prevent further loss of young life from warfare, after she lost her sons in the First World War. Unlike the novel, her scheme is uncovered prior to Poirot's denouement of the murders.
 * Annabel Larkin, Fiona Hanbury, and Christopher Mabbutt are new characters created for the modified sub-plot. While both Annabel and Mabbutt are co-conspirators in Pebmarsh's scheme – Annabel helps to smuggle out documents from Dover Castle where she works, so that Pebmarsh can make copies for Mabbut to take over to German agents during his regular trips to France – Fiona is the first individual to uncover the scheme after discovering Annabel's involvement in it. Both Annabel and Fiona are killed in a freak accident, caused inadvertently by a confrontation between the two women – Annabel learns she is found out and tries to prevent Fiona exposing her. Both women are run over by a car while struggling on the road at night.
 * In the adaptation, the note clue that Colin uses was created by Fiona which he took from her body at the local morgue, while his investigations do not take him out of the country unlike in the novel.
 * The sub-plot intertwines with the main plot in two places:- Colin's reasons for helping Sheila are fueled by a deep regret for failing to assist Fiona when she discovered Annabel's involvement in the smuggling, and thus not being there when she was killed; the investigation into the initial murder causes an argument to happen between Mabbutt and Pebmarsh that is misheard by Mrs Hemmings, but which Poirot realises was in regards to the documents they had copied that they needed to get past the police before they were discovered.
 * Miss Pebmarsh does not resist arrest, unlike in the novel where she does upon being found out.
 * The Waterhouses, who are now involved in the sub-plot, are wrongly accused by Colin of being involved in Pebmarsh's scheme. His mistake comes from the fact they were found to be German due to small mistakes in their English
 * Some of the elements of Poirot's denouement of the case, are changed by the adaptation:
 * It occurs at the Cavendish Bureau and not at his hotel. The Blands, Miss Martindale, and Sheila are also present to hear it, unlike in the novel when it is just Hardcastle and Colin.
 * Mrs Bland confesses to her involvement in the crime during the denouement, rather than after being brought in for questioning by the police.
 * The Gregson story that is used as the basis for the crime is a published one in the adaptation, which Poirot remembers as having been full of clocks, misidentification and misdirection, with an innocent party framed and pushed to act irrationally so the police will become more suspicious.
 * Merlina and Mrs Bland are now known to each other; it is revealed that both worked together in the theatre.
 * Whilst the murdered man is known as Quentin Duguesclin by the end of the novel, he is never named by anyone in the adaptation. Instead, Poirot simply reveals in his denouement that he is either the relative or friend of the first Mrs Bland. The knowledge of this is emphasised as being important to Poirot through a comment he makes to Hardcastle during their investigations – "I do not think it is important who he is, but who he is."

Publication history

 * 1963, Collins Crime Club (London), 7 November 1963, Hardcover, 256 pp
 * 1964, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), Hardcover, 276 pp
 * 1965, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, 246 pp
 * 1966, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 221 pp
 * 1969, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 417 pp ISBN 0-85456-666-X

The novel was first serialised in the UK weekly magazine Woman's Own in six abridged instalments from 9 November – 14 December 1963 with illustrations by Herb Tauss. It was advertised as being serialised prior to the publication of the book; however this had already appeared on 7 November. In the US a condensed version of the novel appeared in the January 1964 (Volume 156, Number 1) issue of Cosmopolitan with illustrations by Al Parker.

title: The Clocks


text:
Talk:KUUU

Untitled
Please do not simply copy press releases. Wikipedia is not a promotional venue. Eclipsed 17:46, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:KUUU-FM.png
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BetacommandBot 05:30, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:KUUU


text:
Talk:Stackless Python

No more continuations?
I wish to mention that this artical is several years out of date. Stackless no longer supports continuations, as mentioned in a message posted by Christian Tismer to the Stackless Mailing list on March, 2004. Newer versions have light weight threads called tasklets. --Lenard Lindstrom 17:42, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 partially true

Well this is true in the sense that the article includes old information. Continuations were the target of the first implementations, later on I changed to the less powerful but easier to understand taskletmodel, which is some kind of one-shot continuations. Actually, this appears to be the only kind of continuations commonly understood.

 partially false

It is false in the sense that Stackless of course has continuations in their full sense, that is you can take a snapshot of a running program and start this several times, concurrently. It is not directly supported any longer, but running tasklets may be pickled. It is up to the user to load a stored tasklet from disk multiple times. This is almost like full continuations, despite the fact that the variables are not shared between the instances.

Christian Tismer, creator of Stackless Python -- 15:02, 18 August 2005

 * Isn't it crucial for invoked continuations to refer to the same environment as they did when they were captured? I think most of the things continuations are used for are impossible if that isn't the case.
 * And about the tasklets: are they really one-shot continuations, or coroutines? In other words, can you invoke previously-captured continuations of a tasklet, or just suspend/resume the current tasklet?  --Piet Delport 10:10, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, you are right, and I stand corrected. The cloning of tasklets cannot be compared with continuations.
 * And about the tasklets: I thought of a one-shot continuation because the continuation inside the tasklet is not restartable, but a different one after suspend/resume. But I think that makes no sense, it is actually a coroutine. I should probably be more aware of the literature. Tismer (talk) 16:56, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

Expanding on this page
I think that talking to the author of the following article and reusing the bulk of it where it doesn't specifically apply to game programming would allow a more extensive entry here: http://harkal.sylphis3d.com/2005/08/10/multithreaded-game-scripting-with-stackless-python/

Richard Tew, user of Stackless Python

A glaring omission
Look, I fancy myself as a computer scientist even when I'm really a plain ordinary Sunday programmer who knows a lot of tiny little details but fails to understand the big picture at times. I know what a stack is, and what Python is, but this article fails to answer a rather big question why I wanted to read the article in first place: what good it is? Is it faster? More efficient? More secure? More suited for specific tasks where ordinary Python doesn't cut it? "It's Python, without the stack" isn't very informative. If this be clarified in the article, it'd be highly appreciated. --wwwwolf (barks/growls) 12:55, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed that this is needed--as far as I can tell the number 1 (only?) reason to use Stackless over regular Python is because it supports lightweight concurrency. Regular Python only supports concurrency through multiple processes, with all the performance and complexity implications that entails. But I am not an expert on either! rococo roboto 16:28, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Essentially correct. "Stackless" just means that it uses a tree structure instead of stack(s) to keep track of the state of different threads. This allows cooperative-multitasking microthreads, and a few other interesting features. It's sort of a niche platform, because "micro" doesn't mean free. Each task eats up something like 20KB, and the scheduler isn't very fast, so it starts adding up to a major performance hit after a couple thousand tasks (original research). --Nasarius 20:54, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * This sounds somewhat funny. Where do the numbers come from? 20KB for what? Well, if you hit a special case and switch tasklets from inside a C extension, then you get more or less C stack crap to be saved, but the general case is much different: A few bytes, fust for the Python frames and a tiny tasklet structure, that's it. And why is the scheduler slow? It is at least 80 times faster than switching real threads. Tismer

 * In ordinary C-based Python, there is a commingling of the call stack for Python with the call stack for C. What I mean is that for one Python function or method to call another, it drops down into the C world and comes back up. State information connecting the caller and the callee lives on the C stack, unavailable to Python, so you can't do introspection with it.
 * A pure Python stack makes introspection possible, and additionally you can maintain a tree structure of stacks rather than a single stack. (The root of this tree is the C stack that starts off the first Python function/method.) The big win with the tree structure is, as Chris pointed out, is that you get fast light threads. You can see these and some other applications at http://code.google.com/p/stacklessexamples/. -- WillWare 17:49, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * This is correct except for the stack introspection, which CPython supports without difficulty. (See  and, and the  and  modules.)  —Piet Delport 00:14, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Sure, CPython does some introspection. But it is not able to modify the structure.

That is the big difference: Stackless can modify the execution state, easily, because it is not blocking structures on the stack, but has it available as a data structure.

But as it stands, now in 2018, CPython has achieved a lot of what Stackless had. It took 15 years, and they adopted a way more complicated way do squeeze all concurrency into generators, using "yield from" or the modern syntactic sugar, but it is far enough to say that Python 3.5 and up have solved the concurrency problem quite well.

What they have still not used is the feature of pickling program state. With Stackless, you can capture a running program, stop it and resume it later, or even on a different machine. That part of Stackless might still be a feature that could be adopted by CPython - of course with quite different details. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tismer (talk • contribs) 16:23, 26 August 2018 (UTC)

Page needs more
Stackless isn't experimental now that's it's in 3 major commercial releases. The point about how much more easily conccurent processes are run as the major influence for choosing this product over regular Python needs expounding. A programmer would be better suited than I. Maybe look at Second Lifes developers' blogs for clues to this? Alatari (talk) 12:46, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Examples
If no one objects, I'll try to write some examples that show Stackless's strengths versus vanilla Python. LoknarGor-The Jack of All Trades (talk) 01:45, 21 September 2009 (UTC)
 * That would be appreciated, please go ahead!--Tismer (talk) 17:42, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stackless Python


text:
Jim Brewer (baseball)

James Thomas Brewer (November 14, 1937 – November 16, 1987) was an American relief pitcher and coach in Major League Baseball. From 1960 through 1976, Brewer played for the Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Dodgers, and California Angels. He batted and threw left-handed.

Following the advice of Warren Spahn, Brewer developed a screwball to become one of the most successful relievers in the National League in the 1960s and 1970s.

Career
A graduate of Broken Arrow Senior High in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, Brewer compiled a 69–65 record with 810 strikeouts and a 3.07 earned run average in a 17-year career that began with the Cubs and ended with the Angels, and in between spent twelve seasons with the Dodgers.

In his career, Brewer recorded 133 saves, 126 with the Dodgers, appearing in 474 games for the club. Only two Dodgers pitchers, Don Sutton and Don Drysdale, have more appearances—550 and 518, respectively. As a Dodger, Brewer appeared in the 1973 All-Star Game and in three World Series (1965, 1966, and 1974). From 1968 to 1973 he averaged 20 saves a season, with a career-high 24 in 1970, and in 1972, he posted a 1.26 earned run average, allowing only 4.7 hits per nine innings.

Brewer was involved in an on-field altercation with Billy Martin on August 4, 1960. Brewer, then with the Cubs, brushed back Martin, then with the Cincinnati Reds, with a pitch in the second inning of a game at Wrigley Field. Martin threw his bat at Brewer, who picked it up and started to hand it to Martin as Martin approached. Martin punched Brewer in the right eye, breaking his cheekbone. Brewer was twice operated on for his injuries, and Martin served a five-day suspension. The Cubs and Brewer sued Martin for over $1 million for the loss of Brewer's services, but later dropped their case. Brewer, however, pursued his, and in 1969 a judge ordered Martin to pay $10,000 in damages.

Immediately after his playing career, Brewer became pitching coach of the Montreal Expos, serving for three seasons (1977–79) on the staff of future Hall of Fame manager Dick Williams.

Death
Brewer died in Tyler, Texas, of injuries suffered in an automobile accident at the age of 50.

title: Jim Brewer (baseball)


text:
User talk:Lenard Lindstrom

Welcome!
Hello, Lenard Lindstrom, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  13:55, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Lenard Lindstrom


text: User talk:69.215.233.7

title: User talk:69.215.233.7


text:
Walter Clegg

Sir Walter Clegg (18 April 1920 – 15 April 1994) was a British Conservative politician.

Clegg contested Ince in 1959 and was elected Member of Parliament for North Fylde in 1966. He became a Lord of the Treasury in 1970 and was successively Vice-Chamberlain of the Household in 1972 and Comptroller of the Household from 1973 to 1974. He was MP for Wyre from 1983 until his retirement in 1987.

Personal life
Clegg was born on 18 April 1920 in Bury, Lancashire, the son of a weaver.

He was educated at Bury Grammar School, Blackpool's Arnold School and University of Manchester Law School. He became a solicitor in 1947, having qualified by a correspondence course conducted from a German prisoner-of-war camp during World War II while serving in the Royal Artillery. He later became a partner in the firm of Ingham, Clegg and Crowther, on North Albert Street in Fleetwood, Lancashire.

In 1951, Clegg began 42 years of marriage to Elise Hargreaves, who was working as a reporter at Blackpool's Evening Gazette. She was assigned to cover the proceedings at the local Magistrate's Court, where her future husband was defending a client.

In 1955 he was elected as a Lancashire County Councillor, serving until 1961.

Clegg was knighted in 1980.

In 1984, the Irish Republican Army bombed Brighton's Grand Hotel. Along with several other people, Clegg, whose bedroom was directly above the explosion, was badly hurt, and spent the majority of his later life in a wheelchair.

Until his wife's death in 1993, they lived together at Beech House on Raikes Road in Thornton, Lancashire.

Death
Clegg died on 15 April 1994 in Fleetwood, aged 73.

title: Walter Clegg


text:
James Nicol (geologist)

James Nicol FRSE FGS (12 August 1810 – 8 April 1879) was a Scottish geologist.

Life
He was born at Traquair, near Innerleithen in Peeblesshire, the son of Rev. James Nicol (1769–1819), and his wife Agnes Walker. He studied Arts and Divinity at Edinburgh University from 1825. He also attended the lectures of Robert Jameson, having gained a keen interest in geology and mineralogy. He further pursued these studies in the universities of Bonn and Berlin.

After returning home Nicol worked at local geology and obtained prizes from the Highland Society for essays on the geology of Peeblesshire and Roxburghshire, now areas of the Scottish Borders. He subsequently extended his researches over other parts of Scotland, and in 1844 published Guide to the Geology of Scotland.

In 1847 Nicol was appointed assistant secretary to the Geological Society of London, being appointed a Fellow of the Society in the same year. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being George Wilson.

In 1849 professor of geology in Queen's College, Cork, and in 1853 professor of natural history in the University of Aberdeen, a post which he retained until a few months before he died. In his later years he lived at 15 Bon Accord Square in Aberdeen.

He was buried with his wife and daughter in the north-west section of Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh.

Family
In 1849 he married Alexandrina Anne Macleay Downie.

Works
Nicol carried out researches on the Southern Uplands of Scotland and on the structure of the Highlands. In the former region he gave the first clear account of the succession of the fossiliferous Lower Palaeozoic rocks (1848–1852). When he came to deal with the still older Highland rocks he made out the position of the Torridonian sandstone and Durness limestone, and their relations to the schists and gneisses. Nichol's mature views, although recognising the fallacy in the extant theory of Roderick Murchison, were subsequently superseded by the theory of Charles Lapworth which was corroborated by Benjamin Peach and John Horne. Nicol criticised Thomas Jamieson's explanation of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy. Jamieson considered that the features were shorelines of a fresh water lake trapped behind a glacier; Nicol maintained that the 'overflow cols' show no indications of a water torrent; he concluded that they were sea-straits and therefore the 'roads' were of marine origin.

The more important of his papers were:
 * "On the Structure of the North-Western Highlands" (Quart. Journ, Geol. Soc., 1861), pp. 85–113
 * "On the Geological Structure of the Southern Grampians" (ib., 1863), pp. 180–207

He contributed the article "Mineralogy" to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Among his other works were:
 * An Historical and Descriptive Account of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands (1840)
 * Manual of Mineralogy (1849)
 * Elements of Mineralogy (1858, 2nd ed., 1873)
 * Geological Map of Scotland (1858)
 * Geology and Scenery of the North of Scotland (1866).
 * Nicol,J.(1869) On the Origin of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy. (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 25), pp. 282–291.

title: James Nicol (geologist)