text:
Talk:Charles Mackerras

Postnominal "AC"
The "AC" postnominal in this person's full name links to the disambiguation page AC. Could you please refer to this page, the postnominals section, and indicate what the meaning of this is? In my opinion, the link should go to the society/organization of which he is a member for which the letters stand for. Thanks. Courtland 22:35, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Authenticity
He has often been careful to give historically authentic performances of these works: in a 1965 performance of The Marriage of Figaro he ensured that ornamentation was added in a way that Mozart would have recognised. This puzzles me. the second part of the sentence seems to imply that he wasn't always as authentic as the first part makes out. HenryFlower 08:26, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Bizarre!
This article is in severe need of reorganisation - just about all that stuff in the footnotes should be in the article. Can anyone remember who he succeeded at ENO and/or WNO? I'm just populating Category:Music directors (opera) and a couple of succession boxes here would be handy. --GuillaumeTell 16:52, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * On your first point, it was a previous editor's slip of the fingers that accidentally banished half the text to the footnotes - now fixed. On the others, I'll have a rummage and report back. Tim riley (talk) 18:47, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Useful source for biographical information
. I've assigned it. HJ Mitchell |  Penny for your thoughts?   20:19, 15 July 2010 (UTC)
 * And I assigned it earlier. ;) -  JuneGloom07    Talk?  20:53, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

Image: File:Sir Charles.jpg
i think the very (very, very, very) long discussion to follow misses the point: it is important (for reasons that are unfathomable to me) for a wikipedia biographical article to choose an image of the subject that is (1) outdated, (2) unflattering, (3) unrecognizable. whether that photo is "free" or "PD" or whatever is really a trivial issue. i won't judge whether the photo currently on offer for mackerras is outdated -- because, alas, he is deceased -- but it passes with flying colors on points (2) and (3). normally, for rock stars, movie stars and other glitterati the standard wiki practice is to choose a photo with a microphone occluding the face, especially when it covers the nose or mouth and is a photo from ComicCon, SWSW, Toronto film festival or some other glitterati hive. (check out the current photo of fiona apple, for example.) however, i commend the current photo -- where almost the entire face is in shadow -- because this use of shadow is a new and creative interpretation of the wikipedia photo style guidelines, and i want to commend the person who chose and inserted this photo for their fine sense of wiki style. (perhaps s/he was only imitating the current photo for john coltrane.) Drollere (talk) 02:37, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Before resorting to the use of a non-free image, please at least try and request a free one. There are plenty of him on Flickr- sadly, none are (legitimately) freely released. Yet. J Milburn (talk) 01:04, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Until a free image is obtained, there is no reason to remove the fair use image. The biggest problem most casual readers of the encyclopedia have with Wikipedia is the lack of images in most articles!  -- Ssilvers (talk) 02:33, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Wow. Way, way, way wrong. We use a non-free image as a last restort, not "until something better comes along". Have you tried requesting an image? J Milburn (talk) 10:18, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The image that was up there was removed because it was in fact an image of Roman Polanski - Talk to you later, Presidentman (talk) Random Picture of the Day 12:19, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * That was an image placed there because (AGF) someone misunderstood the layout on the mainpage and thought it was Mackerras, it's not related to the image being discussed here. David Underdown (talk) 12:27, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

This is the image in question, which is, indeed, an image of Mackerras: File:Sir Charles.jpg. J. Milburn: You know very well that by deleting the image from the article, you doom it to the "orphaned image" pile where it will be deleted, and thus you destroy something good and useful. Now there is no image on this article. This makes me very sad! Why can't we use a fair use image until a free image is made available? I think it is absolutely wrong to remove an image from an article simply because you think there must be a free one somewhere in the world. If you are willing to request permission, that's great, but you should not try to force other editors to do it by removing and thus destroying perfectly good fair use images. -- Ssilvers (talk) 14:28, 16 July 2010 (UTC)
 * We do not use non-free images until a free image is found, we use non-free images if and only if a non-free image is not possible. J Milburn (talk) 23:44, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

That is not what the non-free image policy says. Your interpretation of the policy just means that this article is not illustrated at all. -- Ssilvers (talk) 23:55, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

It has been more than two days now, that this article has had no image of its subject. Therefore, I have now replaced the fair use image of Mackerras. If anyone can find a free image, of course it will replace the fair-use one. Here is why it passes the criteria: 1. No free equivalent. Non-free content is used only where no free equivalent is available, or could be created, that would serve the same encyclopedic purpose.
 * No free equivalent is available, and the subject is deceased.

2. Respect for commercial opportunities. Non-free content is not used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media.
 * The image is of far lower resolution than the original and is unsuitable for commercial use.

3. Minimal usage. Multiple items of non-free content are not used if one item can convey equivalent significant information.
 * The article has no other image.

4. Minimal extent of use. An entire work is not used if a portion will suffice. Low- rather than high-resolution/fidelity/bit rate is used (especially where the original could be used for deliberate copyright infringement). This rule also applies to the copy in the File: namespace.
 * The image is of low resolution.

5. Previous publication. Non-free content must have been published or publicly displayed outside Wikipedia.
 * The image is from a publicity poster and so it has been published and publicly displayed outside Wikipedia.

6. Content. Non-free content meets general Wikipedia content standards and is encyclopedic.
 * The image is encyclopedic as it is an image of the subject of the article.

7. Media-specific policy. The material meets Wikipedia's media-specific policy. For example, images must meet Wikipedia:Image use policy.
 * The image meets the policy in all respects

8. One-article minimum. Non-free content is used in at least one article.
 * The image is used in one article.

9. Contextual significance. Non-free content is used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding.
 * Without the image, there would be no visual representation of the subject of the article, so its presence significantly increases readers' understanding of the topic.

10. Restrictions on location. Non-free content is allowed only in articles (not disambiguation pages), and only in article namespace, subject to exemptions. (To prevent an image category from displaying thumbnails, add __NOGALLERY__ to it; images are linked, not inlined, from talk pages when they are a topic of discussion.)
 * The image is only in an article in the article namespace.

11. Image description page. The image or media description page contains the following: Identification of the source of the material, supplemented, where possible, with information about the artist, publisher and copyright holder; this is to help determine the material's potential market value. See: Wikipedia:Citing sources#When uploading an image.
 * The image description page identifies the source of the material as a scan of a publicity poster.

12. A copyright tag that indicates which Wikipedia policy provision is claimed to permit the use. For a list of image copyright tags, see Wikipedia:Image copyright tags/Non-free content.
 * The article has an appropriate licensing tag.

13. The name of each article (a link to each article is also recommended) in which fair use is claimed for the item, and a separate, specific fair-use rationale for each use of the item, as explained at Wikipedia:Non-free use rationale guideline. The rationale is presented in clear, plain language and is relevant to each use.
 * A fair use rationale is given.
 * Best regards, -- Ssilvers (talk) 14:55, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

==Fair u Pefectly valid use of a non-free image, properly tagged and with a non-free use rationale - one of the most detailed I've ever seen on Wiki. Jack1956 (talk) 18:07, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I can try to convince a Flickr user to release an image - I've had previous success with Paul Keating, Gary Bettman, Neil Young, Ian Hislop, etc.  Connormah  talk 18:58, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Section break
Apropos of the above, I have tried for a free image via three sometimes fruitful sources: two London libraries and one university library. No luck. I am pretty sure that fair use - non-free is wholly applicable here. Tim riley (talk) 14:54, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Try requesting one from Flickr, there are a few possibilities there. Alternatively, this article is receiving a lot of attention, and he has only just died- there would be every possibility of a free image coming up soon. Ssilvers, you're being downright disruptive now. If you honestly don't understand why you're wrong, that's fine, just avoid NFC altogether. However, use of this image now is not acceptable. J Milburn (talk) 17:40, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm going to try Flickr now. Like I've said, I've have previous successes there, I may come by one.  Connormah  talk  19:54, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I sent in a message regarding . I'll keep you guys updated.  Connormah  talk 19:57, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * If Musicmum's willing to share, this one is great. This is another nice one. J Milburn (talk) 20:25, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I'll wait for a response to my first message - double messages are always a bit awkward to send. Like I said, I'll keep you updated.  Connormah  talk 21:08, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I think that's wise, we want something from him, we should not pester. If this does not pan out, why not restore the image and have a deletion debate?  Speaking as an admin, I generally will delete an image on my own only if it is noncontroversial or a clear copyvio.  It looks to me like, as Jack1956 notes, the fair use rationale seems valid, though I have not had time to study it in detail.--Wehwalt (talk) 12:59, 19 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I deleted it because it was repeatedly added to the article when it was not required. If all reasonable efforts to obtain a free image come to nothing, and if we leave the article (which is currently receiving a lot of attention) for a couple of weeks with "replace this image", I would have no objection to an image (preferably a non-commercial one, or one with a free-ish license if possible) being used under the NFCC. J Milburn (talk) 16:52, 19 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Where does it say in NFCC that there is a need to wait while someone on flikr decides whether to grant us a free licence? And obviously your comment about the free ish image is good practice, but I am not certain it is policy.--Wehwalt (talk) 18:00, 19 July 2010 (UTC)
 * NFCC#1- if a non-free image is replaceable, it may not be used. Until we have determined that it is not replaceable (as in, waited to see if a free image is possible) we cannot use it. Simple. J Milburn (talk) 21:17, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

The article still has no image of the subject. User:J Milburn removed the image File:Sir Charles.jpg from the article on 15 July, and I disagreed with him about this, attempting twice to replace it. J Milburn reverted this, removing the image, and has used his administrator tools to delete it, even though he is involved in a content dispute about it. All of the editors above agree that it is a valid fair use image and should be used in this article under the NFCC guidelines. There is no free image of this subject. Please reinstate this image, J. Milburn. -- Ssilvers (talk) 14:35, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Just wait; there is no deadline. As I say, if reasonable efforts have ben made and there is still nothing in two weeks, we can reinstate the non-free image. If you're eager for there to be an illustration, put some effort into aquiring a free one. That would be a much better way to spend your time than complaining here. J Milburn (talk) 14:44, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

I think that the original image should be restored to the article until such time as a free image is available. I felt that the image was properly, comprehensively and legitimately tagged and should have remained in the article until such time as a free image was found. I also was rather surprised at how quickly the image disappeared without time to discuss the matter properly. It was not nominated for deletion - it just went. Jack1956 (talk) 14:57, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * As I have said more than enough times, we do not use non-free images until free images turn up; we use non-free images if and only if there is no reasonable possibility of a free image being acquired. So no, the old image should not be restored "until such time as a free image is available". Please take a look at our non-free content criteria, and, as above, if you are keen to see an image, put some effort into getting hold of a free one. J Milburn (talk) 16:04, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I have previously done so, as described above. I am bound to say that J Milburn's personal interpretation of the WP guidelines seems to me sui generis. He/she is an administrator, and has powers accordingly, but I cannot feel that he/she has used them wisely or logically in this case. - Tim riley (talk) 16:38, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

Just read the policy. That's what it says; there's no interpretation in place here. Until we are sure that there is no possibility of a free image, we can't use a non-free image. There really is no need for this "debate". J Milburn (talk) 16:44, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The fact that you were a regular editor of this article while the subject was still alive, yet were still all too happy to leave a non-free image in place in the article lead, really reveals a lot about your understanding of our NFCC. J Milburn (talk) 16:46, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

J Milburn, I am afraid that it is you who do not understand the Wikipedia image policies or the copyright laws underlying them. Your arrogance and misuse of the admin tools here are really very disturbing. The policy says: "Non-free content is used only where no free equivalent is available, or could be created, that would serve the same encyclopedic purpose." Here, no free equivalent is available, and the subject is deceased. Your actions have deprived the public of seeing an image of the subject of this article during nearly the entire period that the article was mentioned on the Main Page. That is very sad. -- Ssilvers (talk) 17:03, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * ...And, with severe danger of repeating myself, do we know that a free image is not available? Not until we have given it some time, and made some effort to acquire one. (This is nothing to do with copyright law, don't complicate things.) There has been no arrogance and no misuse of admin tools; it is regrettable that we did not have an image of the subject, but if we don't have a free one, so be it. Equally, we have had unillustrated featured articles that have appeared on the main page. J Milburn (talk) 17:50, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

You cannot possibly understand the NFCC guidelines unless you have bothered to educate yourself about U.S. copyright law and the fair use doctrine, since the NFCC is a guideline intended to protect the encyclopedia under the copyright laws. That is the definition of arrogance. You are saying: "I am ignorant, and you must do what I say" -- Ssilvers (talk) 20:09, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not a lawyer, I'm not even from the US. I don't pretend to know anything about US copyright law. I do not need to know anything about it to understand and enforce our non-free content criteria; equally, I can know everything about our BLP policy without knowing the first thing about libel. I've no interest in arguing about legalities, and I really don't see what you hope to achieve by calling me what you are doing. Can we stick to the issue, please? J Milburn (talk) 20:24, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I've reached an agreement with the Flickr user - hopefully I can get it uploaded in the next couple days.  Connormah  talk 03:23, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

There we go, thank you. Clear evidence that the image was replaceable all along. Great work Connormah. J Milburn (talk) 12:11, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Totality
Early life and background "He was the eldest of seven children, including five brothers (names of four brothers) and two sisters (names of two sisters)." Seven does not equal four + two. Perhaps it should read, "He was the eldest of seven children, including (names of four brothers and two sisters)." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.234.215.133 (talk) 14:50, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

Postnominals and obituaries
This edit, with which I entirely agree, made me remember Mackerras's obituary by Michael Shmith in The Age (16 July), which started out very badly. It had the following postnominals: AC, CH, KBE, CBE. Now, he wasn't a KBE at all; but even if he had been, his KBE would have subsumed his CBE, so it would have been just AC, CH, KBE. Then it said he died on 15 July; it may have been 15 July in Oz, but he died in London, where it was the 14th. The article proper seemed to be OK otherwise. --  Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   11:59, 22 July 2010 (UTC)
 * People seem to forget that most Commonwealth citizens outside the armed forces will be made Knight Bachelor, not KBE, and so as soon as they see Sir ... they assume that OBE CBE or MBE following the name must be wrong. I must admit I was initially quite surprised to see AC before CH, but I actually went and chekced the order of wear before donig anything else.  Apropos my correction of the "correction", see User talk:Accurate11... David Underdown (talk) 12:50, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

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New legacy section
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title: Talk:Charles Mackerras


text:
Trangia

Trangia is a line of alcohol-burning portable stoves manufactured by Swedish company Trangia AB in Trångsviken. These stoves are designed primarily for backpackers, with a focus on light weight, durability and simple design. The company began in 1925, selling cookware. The Trangia stove was developed by 1951. Trangia stoves were initially preferred to kerosene (paraffin) pressure stoves because they required only one type of fuel (alcohol, usually in the form of cheaper but deliberately poisonous methylated spirit). Trangia's selling point is that the entire packaged stove, including pots, is not significantly larger than a standard camp cooking pot. For this reason the Trangia has retained much of its popularity despite the development of alternative stove fuels and designs.

Components

The standard stove set includes a base, which lifts the burner off the ground and has vents to provide airflow, and a windscreen, which protects the pot and flame (the latter leading to its Swedish nickname, the "stormkök", or "storm kitchen"). The standard stove also includes two billycans (pots), a pot lid/frying pan, an optional kettle and a handle, commonly referred to as a billy grip, used to grip onto the lip of the pots and pans. The entire set is designed to fit together in a single, portable package.

The burner is a small brass cup that looks and functions similar to a beverage-can stove, though it predates aluminium beverage can packaging. A bit of fuel is poured into the burner and ignited. The heat from the flame causes the fuel to vaporize, forcing it out of 23 or 24 jets around the top of the burner, where it ignites and produces a steady cooking flame. The burner includes a removable "simmer ring", which partially blocks the flame in order to reduce heat output and threaded lid.

Alternative burners are available allowing gas cartridges or white gasoline to fuel the Trangia.

Types
The standard stove sets come in several variants, with varying sizes of pots, some with non-stick finishes. The original model 25 was introduced in the 1950 catalogue. The smaller model 27 was introduced in the 1957 catalogue. A similar burner produced by Trangia is also a component in the Swedish military mess kit. The Finnish Defence Forces use the Trangia, given to soldiers when needed and does not form part of the basic equipment.

The Mini Trangia model 28, was introduced in the 1994 catalogue. It was specially produced for the multi-sport competition KIMM (Karrimor International Mountain Marathon). This consists of a standard burner (with simmer ring), small wind shield, 800 mL pot, 15 cm frying pan and pot/pan grip (handle). The entire package weighs just 330 g, according to Trangia's website. The Mini Trangia is much more portable than the standard-sized Trangia and is even lighter than most liquid-fuelled, pressure stoves (which don't include pots or pans in the weight). However, it is not as windproof as the full-size Trangias.

The Trangia Micro, introduced 2023, uses the same base as the Mini, includes a burner, a single pot with lid, holds 0,5L and weighs 282g.

Originally, Trangia stoves were made entirely from aluminium (except for the burner, which has always been brass), in order to keep them lightweight. However, aluminum makes for a poor cooking surface, as food sticks to it, and it can add odd tastes to certain foods. Later, Trangia introduced Teflon-coated pots and pans. These are better for cooking, though the Teflon is susceptible to flaking off over time. More recently introduced is cookware made from titanium, ultra-light aluminum, anodized ultra-light aluminum, and "Duossal" (a portmanteau of "duo", "stainless steel", and "aluminum"), which is aluminum with a stainless steel cooking surface.

In use
The original and bestselling Trangia is the 25 model (or 25K with kettle) at 1.75 litres and around 850 g is good for larger meals and recommended for 3-4 people. The smaller 27 model at 1 litre and 750 g is recommended for 1-2 people. All models use the same size burner. The smaller pan size of the 27 can reduce the tendency of both pan or frying pan to develop a central 'hot-spot' and burn if not watched - the same applying to gas powered models. The 27 has a more even heat.

There are now many options for camping stoves, petrol, gas, paraffin etc but the traditional meths-burning Trangia continues to be very popular, especially with cycletourists where the extra bulk and weight over some of the ultra-lightweight alternatives is less critical and more than compensated for by the advantages. Primarily these are the total reliability and indestructibility, with a life expectancy measured in decades. The fuel is cheap and available in almost all countries from simple supermarkets (note - not always in Muslim countries where alcohol sales are forbidden). This means users are more likely to do more complex dishes safe in the knowledge they won't be out of fuel, simmer times between fuel refills being 15+ minutes. Disadvantages of a meths burner include sooting of pans, and lower output power which gives longer times to boil, compared with gas.

The stove is also notably safe and easy to use and for this reason is popular with youth organisations like scouts. The Methylated Spirit fuel is not unpleasant like petrol or paraffin and any spillage quickly evaporates. There is no danger of explosion though care must be taken when refilling as the flame can be almost invisible and it is vital that the user is 100% sure the burner is out when refilled. Correct fuel bottles from Trangia or Sigg for example have a small pouring hole that will prevent flame jumping back into the bottle if a mistake is made,.

The 'Trangia kettle' has become something of an industry standard and other cooking stoves are even designed with its use in mind.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Trangia


text:
Zeferino Vaz

Zeferino Vaz (May 27, 1908 – February 19, 1981) was a Brazilian doctor who led the construction, establishment and development of the Unicamp university, in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s. The main campus is named after Zeferino, who strived to bring together some of Brazil's best scientists to form a recognised research institution.

Zeferino was born and lived his childhood in São Paulo. He attended the Medicine school of the University of São Paulo and got his M.D. degree in 1932, with specializations in Parasitology, Parasitic Diseases, Biology, Genetics and Zoology.

Shortly after his graduation, Zeferino became professor of Zoology and Parasitology in the Veterinary Medicine School of the University of São Paulo. He was the director of the Veterinary Medicine School from 1936 to 1947. From 1951 to 1964 he was the director-founder of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, and during this period, in 1963, he was state secretary of public health. From 1964 to 1965 he was the first president of the São Paulo State Council of Education and rector of the University of Brasília.

In 1965 Zeferino was designated president of the organizing commission for the Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Zeferino became rector in 1966 and stayed in the office until 1978. Zeferino led the construction of the university campus, now named after him, which had its first building inaugurated in 1968. Zeferino was responsible for bringing scientists from other universities, and this helped Unicamp become one of the most productive and respected research institutions of Latin America. By the end of Zeferino's administration, the university had evolved from the Medicine College to a university with 7 institutes, 6 colleges, 2 technical schools and 10 service units.

Zeferino retired in 1978, but remained president of the Unicamp development foundation (Funcamp) until 1981, when he died of coronary problems.

title: Zeferino Vaz


text:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent, for example, in pools and spas (usually referred to as monopersulfate or "MPS"). It is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid. Usually potassium peroxymonosulfate is available as the triple salt 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4, known as Oxone.

The standard electrode potential for potassium peroxymonosulfate is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate :
 * HSO5− + 2H+ + 2e− → HSO4− + H2O

Oxone
Potassium peroxymonosulfate per se is a relatively obscure salt, but its derivative called Oxone is of commercial value. Oxone refers to the triple salt 2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4. Oxone has a longer shelf life than does potassium peroxymonosulfate. A white, water-soluble solid, Oxone loses <1% of its oxidizing power per month.

Production
Oxone is produced from peroxysulfuric acid, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide. Careful neutralization of this solution with potassium hydroxide allows the crystallization of the triple salt.

Cleaning
Oxone is used widely for cleaning. It whitens dentures, oxidizes organic contaminants in swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.

Organic chemistry
Oxone is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis. It oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained. Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized. Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide.

Oxone oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides and then to sulfones.

Oxone converts ketones to dioxiranes. The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative. Dioxiranes are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins. In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.

title: Potassium peroxymonosulfate


text:
Loynton

Loynton is a hamlet on the A519 near the villages of Norbury, and Woodseaves in Staffordshire, England. It lies in the civil parish of Norbury.

Loynton Hall is believed to have been built around 1671 by the Higgins Burne family. Whilst there are very few houses and farms, the main feature of the hamlet is a nature reserve, Loynton Moss, which attracts ramblers regularly. Through the nature reserve runs the Shropshire Union Canal. In 1947 still owned and lived in by SAMBROOKE ARTHUR HIGGINS BURNE.

There is a road bridge over the canal, carrying the A519, under which is reportedly the smallest telegraph pole with the most wires anywhere.

title: Loynton


text:
User:Kona1611

I am Charles Evans aka "The Chuckster,"

Personal:

I work.

Interests:

I play.

Sports:

I mountain bike, run, and weight lift.

title: User:Kona1611


text:
Demerara (disambiguation)

Demerara may refer to:
 * Demerara, historical region in Guyana that was a Dutch colony in 17th and 18th centuries and then part of British colonies in 19th and 20th centuries
 * Demerara-Essequibo, British colony created in 1812 by combining the colonies of Demerara and Essequibo
 * Demerara rebellion of 1823 that took place in Demerara-Essequibo
 * Demerara sugar, a natural brown sugar from Guyana
 * Demerara syrup, a combination of Demerara sugar, a natural brown sugar, and water
 * Demerara River, a river of Guyana
 * Demerara Harbour Bridge on the Demerara River
 * Demerara window, a type of window used in hot climates
 * Demerara is a book written by Harriet Martineau
 * HMS Demerara a mercantile schooner (previously called Anna) purchased by the British Royal Navy in 1804
 * PS Demerara a paddle steamer which ran aground in 1851
 * Demerara Distillers, manufacturing company in Guyana producing El Dorado Rum
 * Demerara Falls tree frog (Boana cinerascens), a species of frog
 * Radio Demerara, one of the oldest radio stations in Guyana
 * Demerara cricket team

title: Demerara (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Ticksoft

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Flowerparty talk 22:39, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
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 * Manual of Style

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Clickonlinelogobbc.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Clickonlinelogobbc.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that the image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. theProject 21:40, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Talking Movies and others
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated articles are Talking Movies, Fast Track (British TV series). We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to the relevant discussion pages: Articles for deletion/Talking Movies for Talking Movies, Articles for deletion/Fast Track (British TV series) for Fast Track (British TV series). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:15, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Screen Power
I have nominated Screen Power, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Screen Power. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Wuh Wuz  Dat  16:19, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Akhtar Khan

The article Akhtar Khan has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Rathfelder (talk) 14:58, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Akhtar Khan

A tag has been placed on Akhtar Khan requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a real person or group of people, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. ~ GB fan 12:45, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Akhtar Khan for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Akhtar Khan is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Akhtar Khan until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Rathfelder (talk) 14:40, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Aaron Heslehurst

The article Aaron Heslehurst has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Primary-sourced article that fails to claim or demonstrate notability, and hasn't in 15 years. There appears to be little to no coverage about Heslehurst, WP:BEFORE shows only material by him. Article has been toned down to remove apparently promotional content previously."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. David Gerard (talk) 19:21, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ticksoft


text:
Gadar Tamburawa River

The Gadar Tamburawa is a river in Nigeria, just south Kano. Gada means bridge in Hausa language.

Tamburawa is a town located a mile and a half mile from the river. A prominent town in Dawakin Kudu Local Government, Kano state. The inhabitants of Tamburawa are Hausa

Source of water
Situated near the Gadar Tamburawa River, is a big water treatment plant that was built and constructed by the Kano state government. It is among the important source of water in Kano state to make the pipe borne water accessible to all the citizens and closer community. The water treatment plant is capable of generating 150ml of water per day.

Water Treatment Plan
Kano and the neighboring areas can receive 150Ml of drinkable water per day from the Tamburawa Water Treatment Plant. The raw water is taken from the Kano River and treated using traditional methods to provide potable water that easily exceeds the minimum standards set by the World Health Organization for drinking water.

Pollution
The river is contaminated with copper, iron, and manganese due to the flow of the river Chalawa river, which runs through an industrial area where industry released untreated waste.

title: Gadar Tamburawa River


text:
Talk:Rami Nuri

VfD debate
Rami Nuri is a Key figure in the spiritual teaching known as Eckankar. There is no justification for deleting this page. Whether Rami Nuri is seen as a historical or mythical figure is of no consequence. People have a right to research this Eck Master.

This article was recently nominated for deletion but was kept by default of no consensus ebing reached. The archived discussion can be found at Votes for deletion/Rami Nuri -- Francs2000 | Talk 02:35, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rami Nuri


text:
Talk:Gopal Das

VfD nomination
This article was recently nominated for deletion but kept by default of no consensus being reached. The archived discussion can be found at Votes for deletion/Gopal Das -- Francs2000 | Talk 02:43, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gopal Das


text:
Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV

Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV was the Sultan of the Maldives from 18 June 1835 to 15 November 1883. He ruled for 48 years, 4 months, and 28 days, making his reign the longest ever in the Maldives. The first map of the Maldives was created during his reign by British forces.

At the beginning of his reign, the Prime Minister was his uncle Athireege Ahmed Dhoshimeyna Kilegefaanu, who died in 1848. Galolhuge Ali Dhoshimeyna Kilegefaanu succeeded his father as the Prime Minister.

title: Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV


text:
2006 European Athletics Championships

The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.

Track
1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2012

Field
1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2012

Track
1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2012

Field
1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2012

Trivia

 * The official song of the contest is Heroes by Helena Paparizou - winner Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with song „My number one" in Kyiv, Ukraine. Song „Heroes" used in opening ceremony (performed by Helena Paparizou and in an instrumental form during an artistic and pyrotechnic show) and tv intro that event make by public broadcaster SVT. The intro of the event, prepared by the Swedish public broadcaster, presented ice cubes with the logo of the organizing broadcaster, the names of the participating countries and a map of Europe with a focus on the locations of the city of Gothenburg. The dice appeared on the background of athletic competitors and the background itself was gray. The following part presents the organizing city, its inhabitants and the arena of the European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg. At the end of the intro, the event logo was formed. The musical setting of the intro was a melody from the official anthem of the event, recorded as an instrumental.
 * The BBC have chosen to use Carola Häggkvist's 2006 Eurovision Song Contest entry Invincible in instrumental form as the title music for their coverage. They have also used various pop songs including Lena Philipsson's "Lena Anthem" and Lev livet by Magnus Carlsson also in instrumental form.
 * Merlene Ottey, at the age of 46 and representing Slovenia, is fifth in the 100 m semifinals, failing to qualify for the finals.
 * Olivera Jevtić won Serbia's first athletics medal as an independent country, a silver in women's marathon.

title: 2006 European Athletics Championships


text:
User talk:Jdod

You are correct,it all started from researching the history of Hill Farm. I live in the parish but not in the village and I am spending a lot of my retirement time looking into aspects of the history that other people have asked me but that do not figure in the usual books. I have only just come across Wikipedia, the concept is great. Jdod 09:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I take it from your user name that the village history site is yours. Do you live in the village? I grew up in Deanway and my parents are still there in the same house,

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! . I think you got this already but now you have opened an account welcome again, SqueakBox 22:41, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

The Chalfonts
I couldn't tell you all the sources for certain at the moment because I don't have my sources with me (I'm at work). However I can tell you the common sources that I used for most of the Buckinghamshire articles that I wrote.

The place name etymology most likely came from The Oxford Dictionary of Place Names. Now this source has been proven to be wrong on one or two other articles that I have contributed to, and so I wouldn't blame you for changing anything in that respect. When I get home later on I'll check their source for the name Chalfund Parva (they list their sources after each entry) however I expect it probably was the aforementioned manorial rolls. I'm afraid I cannot say which manor is referred to. Genuki offers alternative suggestions for both manorial history and origin of name on both that (St Giles) page and on their Chalfont St Peter page.

I can't remember where I got the A-S Chronicle source, that'll teach me to write down sources as I go (did they teach me nothing at university?).

Finally since someone split off a separate article for one of the villages and then left the other two where they were the article for the Chalfonts is probably in a bit of a state. If you need any help tidying then please ask.

Incidentally I note that you have a website: could you please make sure that if you use any text from it that you notify that you are the copyright owner on the article talk page. -- Francs2000 | Talk 14:21, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

It weas, of course, me who split off the Chalfont St Giles article, and in fact I don't really know the other Chalfonts in the way I know Jordans, Beaconsfield, etc, so I only created a separate article for St Giles, but it would be good, IMO, to have separate articles about Chalfont St Peter and Little Chalfont, as they are certainly places deserving of having a separate article, SqueakBox 16:08, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for rapid feedback and the advice on copyright. I hope you can find the source for Chalfont Parva.

I am new to Wikipedia but should we transfer this discussion to the discussion page for The Chalfonts article?

I will have a go at an article for Little Chalfont.--Jdod 19:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Association
You might like to join Wikipedians/Bucks, SqueakBox 22:56, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia needs you
Hi,. You have helped with a number of articles in the past, but you haven't edited any articles in a while. Could you make some new contributions soon to help make Wikipedia better? I hope you decide to become a more active contributor again. Feel free to drop me a line on my talk page. -- ForteTuba 05:11, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Check out your watchlist or your prior contributions to help you find articles that need work.

title: User talk:Jdod


text: User talk:70.51.176.245

title: User talk:70.51.176.245


text:
Alan Silva

Alan Lee da Silva (born 22 January 1939, in Bermuda) is an American free jazz double bassist and keyboard player.

Biography
Silva was born a British subject to an Azorean/Portuguese mother, Irene da Silva, and a black Bermudian father known only as "Ruby". He emigrated to the United States at the age of five with his mother, eventually acquiring U.S. citizenship by the age of 18 or 19. He adopted the stage name of Alan Silva in his twenties.

Silva was quoted in a Bermudan newspaper in 1988 as saying that although he left the island at a young age, he always considered himself Bermudian. He was raised in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, where he first began studying the trumpet, and moved on to study the upright bass.

Silva is known as one of the most inventive bass players in jazz and has performed with many in the world of avant-garde jazz, including Cecil Taylor, Sun Ra, Albert Ayler, Sunny Murray, and Archie Shepp.

Silva performed in 1964's October Revolution in Jazz as a pioneer in the free jazz movement, and for the 1967 live album Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village. Since the early 1970s, Silva has lived mainly in Paris, France, where he formed the Celestrial Communication Orchestra, a group dedicated to the performance of free jazz with various instrumental combinations. In the 1990s he picked up the electronic keyboard, declaring that his bass playing no longer surprised him. He has also used the electric violin and electric sarangi on his recordings.

In the 1980s, Silva opened a music school I.A.C.P. (Institute for Art, Culture and Perception) in Central Paris, together with François Cotinaud and Denis Colin, introducing the concept of a Jazz Conservatory patterned after France's traditional conservatories devoted to European classical music epochs.

Since around 2000, he has performed more frequently as a bassist and bandleader, notably at New York City's annual Vision Festivals.

As sideman
with Albert Ayler
 * Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village (Impulse!, 1967) – live recorded in 1966–67
 * Love Cry (Impulse!, 1968) – recorded in 1966–67

with Abdelhai Bennani
 * Enfance (Marge, 1998)
 * Entrelacs (Tampon Ramier, 2003) – live recorded in 1999
 * New Today, New Everyday (Improvising Beings, 2012)
 * Free Form Improvisation Ensemble 2013 (Improvising Beings, 2015)[2CD]

with Dave Burrell
 * Echo (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * After Love (America, 1971) – recorded in 1970

with Bill Dixon
 * Bill Dixon in Italy Volume One (Soul Note, 1980)
 * Bill Dixon in Italy Volume Two (Soul Note, 1981)
 * Considerations 1 (Fore, 1981)
 * November 1981 (Soul Note, 1982)

with Bobby Few
 * More Or Less Few (Center of the World)
 * Rhapsody in Few (Black Saint)
 * Solos & Duets with Frank Wright (Sun Records)

with Sunny Murray
 * Sunny Murray (ESP Disk, 1966)
 * Big Chief (Pathé, 1969)
 * Sunshine (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * Homage to Africa (BYG Actuel, 1970)
 * Aigu-Grave (Marge, 1980)
 * Perles Noires Volume 1 (Eremite, 2005) – live recorded in 2002-04

with Sun Ra
 * Sun Ra-Featuring Pharoah Sanders and Black Harold (Saturn, 1976) – live recorded in 1964
 * Nuit de la Fondation Maeght Vol. 1 (Shandar)
 * Nuit de la Fondation Maeght Vol. 2 (Shandar)
 * It's After the End of the World (MPS, 1970) – live
 * Out In Space (MPS)

with Archie Shepp
 * Poem for Malcolm (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * Live at the Pan-African Festival (BYG Actuel, 1971) – live recorded in 1969

with Cecil Taylor
 * Unit Structures (Blue Note, 1966)
 * Conquistador! (Blue Note, 1968) – recorded in 1966
 * Les Grandes Répétitions (CBS/Sony, [not released]) – recorded in 1966
 * It is in the Brewing Luminous (hat Hut, 1981) – live recorded in 1980

with Frank Wright
 * Center of the World (Center of the World, 1972) – live
 * Last Polka in Nancy? (Center of the World, 1973) – live
 * Solos & Duets with Bobby Few (Sun, 1975)
 * Unity (ESP-Disk, 2006)

with others
 * Jacques Coursil, Trails of Tears (Sunnyside, 2010) – recorded in 2007-09
 * The Globe Unity Orchestra, Intergalactic Blow (JAPO, 1983)
 * Burton Greene, Firmanence (Fore, 1980)
 * Andrew Hill, Strange Serenade (Soul Note, 1980)
 * Franz Koglmann and Bill Dixon, Opium for Franz (Pipe, 1977) – recorded in 1976; 3 tracks reissued on Opium (Between the Lines, 2001)
 * Shipen Lebzelter, Rock and Other Four Letter Words (Columbia, 1968)
 * Jimmy Lyons, Other Afternoons (BYG Actuel, 1970) – recorded in 1969
 * Grachan Moncur III, New Africa (BYG Actuel, 1969)
 * Itaru Oki, Paris-Ohraï (Ohraï, 2001)
 * William Parker, Requiem with Charles Gayle (Splasc(H), 2006)
 * Francois Tusques, Intercommunal Music (Shandar, 1971)

Filmography

 * 2001 – Inside Out in the Open (2001). Directed by Alan Roth.

title: Alan Silva


text:
AMX-10P

The AMX-10P is a French amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. It was developed from 1965 onwards to replace the AMX-VCI in the French Army. It served with the French Army from its introduction in 1973 until its retirement in 2015, when it was fully replaced by the VBCI.

The AMX-10P was also successfully exported, and continues to serve with several nations' militaries. It was selected by a number of Arab armies and has been operated by Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Special marine variants were developed for Singapore and Indonesia, including the AMX-10 PAC 90 fire support version with a 90 mm gun.

The AMX-10P is fully amphibious, being propelled through water at speeds of up to 7 km/h by twin waterjets. It is fitted as standard with a trim vane and bilge pumps to assist with the flotation process. The AMX-10P shares a number of common transmission and chassis components with its wheeled counterpart, the AMX-10 RC.

Development history
The AMX-10P was developed by the Atelier de Construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX) in response to a French army requirement for a new tracked armoured fighting vehicle to supplement or replace the ageing AMX-VCI. The first prototypes were completed around 1968. They were showcased to potential domestic and international customers at Satory in 1969. Production did not commence until the French Army placed its first order in late 1972. The first AMX-10Ps were delivered in mid to late 1973 to the 7th Mechanised Brigade stationed at Reims.

French Army AMX-10Ps were fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in a Toucan II two-man turret with seating for a gunner and commander. Other one-man turrets could be fitted, as well as an observation cupola for training vehicles. Export variants of the AMX-10P abounded, including models equipped with battlefield surveillance radars, the ATILA artillery fire control system, a bank of HOT anti-tank missiles, 60 mm or 81 mm gun-mortars, and a large 90 mm gun.

Greece was the first foreign power to purchase the AMX-10P. Between 1974 and 1977 the Hellenic Army ordered over 100 vehicles in three separate variants. Qatar ordered 30 AMX-10Ps in 1975, while Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia accounted for large export orders during the early 1980s. GIAT Industries accepted a final order from Singapore for AMX-10P PAC-90s in 1994, following which the production lines were closed. At this point 1,750 AMX-10Ps had been manufactured.

108 AMX-10Ps underwent extensive overhauls to improve their armour and mobility between 2006 and 2008, including new gearboxes and suspension systems. By 2015, however, the AMX-10P had been entirely withdrawn from French service, being replaced by the VBCI.

Description
AMX-10P hulls are fabricated from a welded steel or aluminum alloy and notable for their parallel incorporation of the driving and engine compartments. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle and to the left. An AMX-10P's driving compartment is provided with a single hatch cover opening to the rear and three periscopes intended for observation purposes when the hatch is closed.

Night vision equipment was not fitted as standard to the base production model. One of the three driving periscopes could be replaced with combined day/night intensification sights as needed. The troop compartment is at the rear of the hull, and provided with two roof hatches. Passengers embark and debark from a ramp, which is accessed through two doors at the rear.

Transmission consists of a hydraulic torque converter coupled to a gearbox with one reverse and four forward driving gears. The AMX-10P utilises a torsion bar suspension, which supports five road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and idler near the rear. These can be accessed from inside the hull through maintenance panels.

Standard AMX-10P turrets are equipped with a GIAT M693 automatic cannon firing two different types of both high explosive ammunition and armour-piercing ammunition. More than one ammunition type may be loaded at once and fired alternatively. The high explosive rounds have a muzzle velocity of 1,050 m/s. The latest armour-piercing round has a muzzle velocity of 1,300 m/s and is capable of penetrating 20 mm of rolled homogeneous armour at an incidence of 60°. The autocannon has a cyclic rate of fire of 740 rounds per minute, with the gunner being able to switch between semiautomatic, limited burst, or fully automatic fire as necessary.

External
AMX-10Ps have a very distinctive, pointed hull and a sloping glacis plate, with the driver's position plainly visible to the left. The hull roof is horizontal as well as sloped slightly inwards, accommodating a turret ring near the centre of the chassis. Both hull sides are vertical and lack firing ports. There is a circular exhaust outlet on the right side of the hull above the second and third road wheels.

Variants

 * AMX-10P: Standard production model. Armed with a two-man Toucan II turret and a M963 F2 20 mm autocannon.
 * AMX-10P 25: AMX-10P with a one-man Dragar turret and a M811 25 mm autocannon. This was trialled by the French Army but not adopted into service. It was later adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces.
 * AMX-10P Marine: AMX-10P with improved amphibious capabilities and a modified propulsion system that allowed for top speeds of up to 10 km/h in water. This variant was developed for the Indonesian Marine Corps.
 * AMX-10P Sanitaire: A turretless AMX-10P designed as an ambulance vehicle. It carried a wide range of medical equipment.
 * AMX-10ECH: AMX-10P modified as an armoured recovery vehicle, including a large hydraulic crane. Also known as the AMX-10D.
 * AMX-10P/HOT: AMX-10P carrying HOT anti-tank missiles. Two external HOT launchers were located on either side of the hull, with an additional twenty missiles stored outside. This variant was developed for the Saudi Arabian Army. At least 92 were manufactured.
 * AMX-10PC: AMX-10P modified as a command vehicle, including additional radios, a collapsible awning on either side of the hull, and a large generator on the hull roof.
 * AMX-10 RATAC: An unarmed AMX-10P with a RATAC fire control radar mounted over its turret ring and a tracing table located inside the hull.
 * AMX-10RAV: AMX-10P modified as a general cargo transporter. The French Army used this model to transport artillery ammunition.
 * AMX-10RC: Wheeled variant of the AMX-10P developed for armed reconnaissance.
 * AMX-10SAO: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a long-range laser rangefinder in its turret, as well as a 7.62mm machine gun.
 * AMX-10SAT: AMX-10P modified as an artillery survey vehicle. It was fitted with a custom navigation system.
 * AMX-10TM: AMX-10P modified as an artillery tractor, with a new one-man turret and its rear ramp removed. It towed a F1 120 mm mortar and carried 60 mortar projectiles.
 * AMX-10VOA: AMX-10P modified as a mobile forward artillery observation post. It possessed a slightly different turret from the AMX-10SAO.
 * AMX-10VFA: AMX-10P carrying the ATILA artillery fire control system. This spawned two sub-variants of its own, the more simplified AMX-10VLA, and the more sophisticated AMX-10VFA.
 * AMX-10P TMC-81: AMX-10P with an 81 mm breech loading, Hotchkiss-Brandt CL-81 gun-mortar. Similar in concept to the earlier CM60A1, the CL-81 fired both high explosive and armour-piercing shells.
 * AMX-10P PAC-90: AMX-10P with the complete turret and 90 mm main gun assembly of the Panhard ERC-90 Sagaie armoured car. It carried 30 90 mm shells and 2,000 rounds of 7.62mm machine gun ammunition. This variant was marketed primarily to Indonesia and Singapore.
 * AMX-10M: Modified AMX-10M to fitted the 142mm ACRA Launcher with 20mm secondary gun.

Operators

 * Bosnia-Herzegovina: 25
 * 🇮🇩 Indonesia: 34
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq: 100; some modernized in 2015
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco: 10
 * 🇶🇦 Qatar: 40
 * 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia: 293
 * UAE: 15

Former operators

 * 🇫🇷 France: 331 in service in 2011; withdrawn from service in 2015.
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: 105
 * 🇸🇬 Singapore: 44

AMX series

 * AMX-13
 * AMX-VCI
 * AMX Mk F3
 * AMX-10RC
 * AMX-30
 * AMX-40
 * AMX-50

title: AMX-10P


text:
Muhammad Mueenuddeen I

Muhammad Mueenuddeen I was the sultan of the Maldives from 1798 to 1835. He ruled for 37 years, 1 month and 4 days.

title: Muhammad Mueenuddeen I


text:
User:Rishabhnasa

Sorry. This isn't a 404, but there is nothing here. Please go back and go to one of the more interesting pages in Wikipedia. i don't spend much time on Wikipedia, so I won't make too many contributions. However, I still decided to make an account because I believe that I can make some contribution to Wikipedia, however small it may be.

title: User:Rishabhnasa


text:
River Blyth, Northumberland

The River Blyth flows eastwards through southern Northumberland into the North Sea at the town of Blyth. It flows through Plessey Woods Country Park. The River Pont is a tributary. The Blyth is 44 km long and the Pont is 28 km.

The tidal limit of the river is at Bebside. The estuary widens from this point eastwards and with the addition of a burn that enters on the northern side (Sleek Burn), it covers an area of 168 hectare.

Ecologists have suggested that a dam on the river at Humford Country Park in Bedlington could be removed to allow for fish migration. The local community have expressed a desire to keep the dam as it is a local beauty spot; they have suggested that a fish passage be built alongside instead.

title: River Blyth, Northumberland


text:
Gidget Gein

Bradley Mark Stewart (September 11, 1969 – October 8, 2008), known by his stage name Gidget Gein, was an American musician and artist. He was the second bassist and co-founder of the rock band Marilyn Manson. His stage name is a combination of fictional character Gidget and serial killer Ed Gein.

Early life
Gein was born and raised in Hollywood, Florida. His mother was a Roman Catholic school teacher and his father was a police officer. His parents divorced when he was the age of 3 and his mother remarried a few years later to a carny and a birthday clown who became Gein's stepfather. "He was like Krusty the Clown," describes Gein. "And he was a rampant alcoholic, so after these birthday parties, he would hang out with the parents and drink. Then he'd come home, reeking and smoking cigars in his clown makeup, drunk off his ass, busting shit, being nasty. That was a weekly occurrence."

As a child he attended Catholic school and his favorite movies were Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.

Career
Stewart joined the band Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids in 1989 as bass guitarist after Brian Marilyn Manson purused him to join due to seeing that he and Brad's interests in pop culture, specifically the Manson family, cartoons from the 20s-70s and their love of David Bowie glam, and John Waters were a match. As was their love of poking fun at the religious reich. Gidget was responsible in many parts of the art and style that the band originally adopted and continued to be adopted by Manson until 1999. The band eventually gained the attention of Trent Reznor, who signed them to his label Nothing Records. As the band became more famous after dropping the "Spooky Kids" title in 1992, Gein's personality was becoming more chaotic through extensive drug use and other various acts of debauchery. In October 1993, Reznor agreed to rework the production on Marilyn Manson's album, taking them and their tapes to The Record Plant in Los Angeles. On Christmas Eve of 1993, Gein was hospitalized after overdosing on heroin. While still hospitalized, he received a message from Marilyn Manson's lawyer via FedEx that he was fired due to his drug use. Gein was replaced by Jeordie White, known as Twiggy Ramirez. Ramirez appeared to assume a look and persona which drew heavily from Gein and then-girlfriend Jessicka from the riot goth band Jack Off Jill. He was credited as a member of the band on their debut album, Portrait of an American Family, but all of the bass heard on the album was actually performed by Gein.

After being fired from Marilyn Manson, he formed a group called Gidget Gein and the Dali Gaggers. The group featured vocalist Anthony Taboada, a.k.a. Alistarr Liddell, and guitarist Al B. Romano which highlighted displays of degenerate art, ideas, and post-punk styled songwriting. The group released the album Just AdNauseam in 1998. Before the release of the Dali Gaggers' second album, Confessions of a Spooky Kid in 1999, Gein relapsed and began shooting heroin. He headed back to Florida to kick his drug addiction and began work for the south Florida medical examiner as a "bag boy", spending years retrieving and cleaning up after the deceased. His macabre experiences at the coroner's office have been documented in various international magazines and spurred a script and early production of a motion picture entitled Bag Boy which never saw a release.

During the production of Marilyn Manson's The Golden Age of Grotesque album in 2003, Gein and Manson reunited to collaborate in a music video independently produced for the song "Saint" (stylized as "(s)AINT"). Directed by Asia Argento and containing scenes of violence, nudity, masturbation, drug-use and self-mutilation, Interscope considered it "too graphic" and refused to be associated with the project, although it was later included on international editions of the Lest We Forget: The Best Of bonus DVD; some countries blurred scenes out to include whilst others like the United Kingdom included the fully unedited version. NME referred to the video as "one of the most explicit music videos ever made", and both Time and SF Weekly included it on their respective lists of the 'Most Controversial Music Videos'.

Gein returned to Los Angeles in 2004. During the final few years of his life, he was very active in various film, art and musical projects. He acted in several independent films including The Three Trials, The Devil's Muse and others. During this final period, he was at the forefront of the "UnPop and "GaGa" style art and fashion movements. His mixed media art was typically billed under his trademark GOLLYWOOD brand and featured various themes of blaxploitation, transgender people, and grotesque depictions of pop culture icons. Examples of his art can still be found at the Hyaena Art Gallery in Burbank, Ca.

Death
On October 8, 2008, Stewart died of a suspected drug overdose at his home in Burbank, California. His body was discovered on October 9. Shortly before his death, Gein had completed another stint in rehab and was reportedly recording an album with record producer Dave Jerden. He had been contracted to publish his art in a show scheduled for February 2009.

Aftermath
On December 8, 2008, a memorial benefit for Gein was held at the Dragonfly in Los Angeles. It featured Gein's art and an array of friends and fans performing in his honor. The guest list included Ego Plum, Kim Fowley, Jessicka, Ramzi Abed, Lenora Claire, Hollie Stevens and drag queens Squeaky Blonde and Fade-Dra. Funds raised from the gathering were used to purchase a memorial plaque in Gein's honor that was placed at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Gein's mother retains possession of his remains in Florida.

A commemorative tribute was filmed on October 9, 2010, at the horror convention 'Spooky Empire', based in Orlando, Florida. Participants included Al B. Romano CC Manded from Murder Museum on lead vocals, Parris Mathew and others. The 9-part compendium was filmed by the Film Director/Artist/Musician Cynosure and is respectively owned by Cynosure Enterprises. The film closes with Gein's memorial plaque, embellished with the slogan, 'Luv is GG'.

In January 2016 it was revealed via Facebook that Gein's band Dali Gaggers was reforming in North Carolina by some fans with the intent to carry on Gein's legacy by playing his songs as well as writing new songs in similar fashion. The followup to Gein's album Just Ad Nauseam/Confessions of a Spooky Kid, entitled Abraxas, was set to be released sometime in late 2016. However, as of Early 2019 no new information has been posted about the album nor has there been any new updates from the band.

With Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids

 * Big Black Bus (1990)
 * Grist-O-Line (1990)
 * Lunchbox (1991)
 * After School Special (1991)
 * Live As Hell (1992)
 * The Family Jams (1992)
 * Refrigerator (1993)
 * Lunch Boxes & Choklit Cows (2004)

With Marilyn Manson

 * Portrait of an American Family (1994)

With the Dali Gaggers

 * ''Confessions of a Spooky Kid (Just AdNauseam) (1998)

Solo

 * Suspension of Disbelief (2007)
 * Law of Diminishing Return (2007)
 * Rig Demos (2007)

title: Gidget Gein


text:
Talk:Dorothy Hill

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Postnominal "AC"
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title: Talk:Dorothy Hill


text:
Silver Ginger 5

Silver Ginger 5 was originally formed in 1999 as a solo project for Ginger, lead singer-songwriter of The Wildhearts.

The band was not formed until after the recording of the album Black Leather Mojo, and despite the name only ever had 4 members. The name itself, according to Ginger, came from his trying to reassure himself in an uncertain time of his life; as he considered silver his lucky colour, and five his lucky number, he figured surrounding himself with luck would be a good move.

Albums

 * Black Leather Mojo (2000)

Ginger has repeatedly stated that the band wrote a second Silver Ginger 5 album, but have not yet managed to find the time in their individual schedules to record it.

The Great White Monkey – live album

Tours
The band has played numerous live shows, with a revolving line-up, which has included the following members:

 * Ginger – vocals, guitar
 * "Random" Jon Poole – bass
 * Conny Bloom – lead guitar, vocals
 * Tomas Broman – drums
 * Ritch Battersby – drums
 * Andy Selway – drums on the studio album

title: Silver Ginger 5


text:
Jouhikko

The jouhikko (Finnish: [ˈjou̯hikːo]) is a traditional, two- or three-stringed bowed lyre, from Finland and Karelia. Its strings are traditionally of horsehair. The playing of this instrument died out in the early 20th century but has been revived and there are now a number of musicians playing it.

Name
The Jouhikko is also called jouhikannel (Finnish: [ˈjou̯hiˈkɑnːe̞l]) or jouhikantele (Finnish: [ˈjou̯hiˈkɑnt̪e̞le̞ʔ]), meaning a bowed kantele. In English, the usual modern designation is bowed lyre, although the earlier preferred term bowed harp is also used. There are different names for the instrument in different languages.

History
Perhaps the earliest definite depiction of this kind of instrument is the stone carving from Trondheim Cathedral, Norway, dating from the second quarter of the 14th century.

18th-century writers in Latin mention instruments that seem to be a jouhikko, but the first illustration comes from c. 1830 CE. Folk music collectors in the late 19th and early 20th century visited players in Finland and Karelia, and collected instruments, noted tunes, made field recordings and took photographs.

Repertory
The jouhikko repertory was mostly collected in the field by A. O. Väisänen from 1913 to 1931. The jouhikko was used for playing dance music, and the collected tunes are very short, and were largely improvised. The scale of the jouhikko is only 6 notes, with a constantly sounding drone.

Tuning
In a three-string jouhikko, the middle string, or in a two-string instrument, the lower or left hand string, is the drone string. Absolute pitch is not fixed, but in Nieminen's charts this is given the note d. The upper or right hand string, passing over the finger-hole, is fingered to give a scale, and this scale typically runs upwards from the note a 4th above the drone, or in Nieminen's charts, g a b c d e. The third or left hand string can be tuned down to a lower drone, or up to provide one of the melody notes.

Playing technique
The strings are stopped by touching them with the back of the fingers (the knuckles or nails), as there is no fingerboard to press the strings against. This fingering method is rather similar to the igil or the sarangi which also lack fingerboards. To touch the melody string the hand is inserted through a hole in the flat wooden board that makes up the top third of the instrument.

On a 3-string instrument tuned g-d-a, the first note of the scale is played on the g string, which cannot be fingered as it lies on the far side of the drone and out of reach of the hand hole. The second note is the a string played open. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth notes of the scale are played with the backs of the four fingers, stopping the a string. Whilst it is possible to play higher notes by moving the hand further up the string all the traditional melodies are within a compass of six notes, the first six notes of either a major or minor scale.

Modern revival
Modern instruments are made with horsehair, nylon, gut or even metal viola strings. Following Estonian talharpa technique, the hand hole is often made larger so that the hand can be inserted between the first and second strings, stopping the first with the insides of the fingers and the second with the outside

The most prominent recent use of the jouhikko is the Finnish folk band Jouhiorkesteri, whose member Rauno Nieminen is considered to be the modern master of the instrument. Other bands using jouhikko include Finnish folk metal band Korpiklaani, and Estonian folk metal bands Raud-Ants and Metsatöll.

Kvitrafn (Einar Selvik) of the Norwegian traditional/folk band Wardruna uses his own made Jouhikko on their 2009 album Runaljod – Gap Var Ginnunga.

The Jouhikko sound has been recently popularized in performances by the traditional Siberian/Norse folk music of 'Nyttland' and also in the dark age trance music from Celtic duo 'Primordia'.

Related instruments
The jouhikko is a member of a family of bowed lyre type instruments that stretches from Russia in the east, through Scandinavia, to Britain and Ireland. Most of these regions have only very sketchy evidence about their extinct bowed lyre traditions. The four-stringed Estonian talharpa and hiiu kannel have a wider hand hole and can play a wider range and shifting drones. The Welsh crwth is the most developed of this family to survive, with six strings, a fingerboard, and a complex playing style. Extinct or obscure variants include the Shetland gue and the English crowd. Other instruments are perhaps less closely related, including the bowed zithers such as the Finnish harppu, Icelandic fiðla, and the North American Inuit tautirut.

Literature

 * Andersson, Otto. The Bowed Harp. Translated and edited by Kathleen Schlesinger. London: New Temple Press, 1930.
 * Andersson, Otto. The Bowed Harp of Trondheim Cathedral and Related Instruments in East and West. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 23, (Aug., 1970), pp. 4–34.
 * Nieminen, Rauno. Jouhikko — The Bowed Lyre. Kansanmusiikki-instituutin julkaisuja, Vol. 61. 2007.

title: Jouhikko


text:
Varga Studio

Varga Studio, Ltd. was an animation studio located in Budapest, Hungary. It operated from 1988 to 2005 and was one of Europe's nine leading animation houses. While most of its work was for European animation, it occasionally animated for American series as well. Varga has animated the following series and films:
 * Amazing Animals (2D segments only)
 * The Animal Train (co-produced with TVC London)
 * Animaniacs (When You're Traveling skit only)
 * Angelina Ballerina
 * As Told by Ginger (pilot only)
 * Baby Blues
 * Kipper
 * Percy the Park Keeper
 * Poky and Friends (co-produced with TVC London, Little Golden Books and Golden Books Family Entertainment. Distributed by Sony Wonder)
 * Preston Pig (co-produced with Link Entertainment and Entertainment Rights)
 * Mr. Bean: The Animated Series (2002–2004)
 * Sheeep
 * Stressed Eric (second season)
 * The Thief and the Cobbler (additional ink and paint)

In addition, Varga worked on many early advertisements for Butterfinger featuring The Simpsons, as well as music videos of The Simpsons such as "Do The Bartman" and "Deep Deep Trouble". They were subcontracted for these specials so that the regular Simpsons studios like AKOM, Rough Draft Studios, and Anivision were not burdened with extra work and could concentrate on animating full episodes.

From 2000, the studio produced cartoons as a subcontractor to Varga Holdings, which was established at the time, and to its owner, Varga Holdings Ltd., which was registered in the United Kingdom. The 2002 Mr. Bean cartoon series reached nearly four million views at its premiere in the UK. The production cost was more than six million dollars.

Varga Studios Budapest worked on the pilot of the Animated Credits, (1999) and Varga Holdings later in 2002-2004.

title: Varga Studio


text:
Repossession

Repossession, colloquially repo, is a "self-help" type of action in which the party having right of ownership of a property takes the property in question back from the party having right of possession without invoking court proceedings. The property may then be sold by either the financial institution or third party sellers.

The extent to which repossession is authorized, and how it may be executed, greatly varies in different jurisdictions (see below). When a lender cannot find the collateral, cannot peacefully obtain it through self-help repossession, or the jurisdiction does not allow self-help repossession, the alternative legal remedy to order the borrower to return the goods (prior to judgment) is replevin.

The security interest over the collateral is often known as a lien. The lender/creditor is known as the lienholder.

General
The existence and handling of repossessions varies greatly between jurisdictions. In most jurisdictions outside of the U.S., self-help is limited to real estate, and otherwise the right of possession can only be enforced by a court or other official agents.

United States
When a provision of law requires that repossession takes place, the lien holder has a non-delegatable obligation not to cause a breach of the peace (which is synonymous with disturbing the peace) in performing the repossession or the repossession will be reversed, and the party ordering the repossession will be liable for damages (or the lienholder will be held responsible). This requirement not to breach the peace includes even if the breach is caused by the debtor objecting to or resisting the repossession. In MBank El Paso v. Sanchez (1992), 836 S.W.2d 151, where a repossession agent towed away a car even after the loanee locked herself in it, the court decided that this was an unlawful breach of the peace and declared the repossession invalid. The debtor was also awarded $1,200,000 in damages from the bank involved. Repossession also generally does not apply to real property. Real property is generally subject to a cause of action known as foreclosure.

Procedure of a repossession
In the United States, repossessions are carried out pursuant to state laws that permit a creditor with a security interest in goods to take possession of those goods if the debtor defaults under the contract that created the security interest. In particular, all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have enacted (with minor variations) Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, which generally permits security interest holders to repossess goods if a debtor is in default and the repossession can be conducted without a breach of the peace. Being "in default" means that the debtor has failed to fulfill his or her obligations under the contract. The most common forms of default resulting in repossession are failing to make required payments and failing to maintain adequate insurance coverage.

Many U.S. states have enacted additional laws that apply specifically to the repossession of purchased and leased automobiles, and which are intended to afford additional consumer protections. Typical requirements include mandating that auto lenders provide consumers with opportunities to either "reinstate" or "redeem" their purchase or lease contracts after their vehicles have been repossessed. A "reinstatement" entails a consumer paying all of his or her past due amounts plus the creditor's repossession expenses, and then reacquiring the automobile as if the repossession had not occurred. A "redemption" entails the consumer paying off the entire contract balance and then being given ownership of the vehicle free and clear of any contract obligations. If these instances do not occur and the vehicle becomes repossessed, the lien holder is required to notify the debtor of their intent to sell the property. This is usually in the form of a letter that states that if the amount owed is not paid within ten business days, the entity officially takes ownership and may sell the property.

Some consumers believe that they are legally entitled to a "grace period" that prevents creditors from repossessing goods until the payments are a certain number of days overdue. In reality, grace periods are non-compulsory business practices that have been adopted by most consumer lenders through a term in the lending contract. There is nothing legally preventing a creditor with a security interest from repossessing the goods if a payment is late - even if it is only one day overdue - unless the lender has agreed otherwise as a binding term of contract.

Various objects can be repossessed, including boats and aircraft, but most repossession agencies focus on car repossession. The repo agent normally uses a tow truck or pickup truck with a special towing attachment called a boom. They also may obtain the key from the car owner. Usually, the vehicle owner must be notified of a repossession. The repossession agent will find the car and check its information such as the vehicle identification number (VIN) to make sure they have the right vehicle. If there is a match, they will attempt to hook up the car to the tow truck and tow it away or pick the lock and drive it away. However doing so does not absolve the repossession agent's requirement to be covered under an active insurance policy for the vehicle under the applicable criminal traffic laws. Thus, an agent who elects to do this may be subject to arrest for the violation of criminal traffic laws which apply to insurance requirements. The repo agents also cannot legally cross locked and enclosed storage spaces such as gates and garages.

Repossession does not necessarily satisfy the loan. If the repossessor sells the asset for an appropriate amount, and if that amount is less than the amount of the loan, and if the repossessor sues the debtor for the balance (plus reasonable fees if applicable) in a timely manner, the debtor may be liable to pay the balance (sometimes called the "deficiency"). In this case the creditor will be liable for contributory negligence if the creditor auctions the property for less than applicable fair market value. This is because such a failure directly contributes to any remaining deficiency. To avoid this liability, financial institutions will document a source (such as Kelley Blue Book or NADA) to price the collateral for sale. They will also document the condition of the vehicle to justify the sales price of it.

Whether a debtor is actually liable for a balance depends on jurisdiction and on the details of the loan contract. In the case of a nonrecourse debt, for example, the debtor is not personally liable for a deficiency.

United Kingdom
Repossession is possible with real estate, commercial and domestic properties.

England and Wales
These numbers and text relate to home mortgage repossessions in England.

 * Number of repossessions in England

In 2010, there was a downward trend in the number of repossessions, as lenders seized 9,400 properties in April, May and June, 400 fewer than in the first quarter of 2010, according to the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML).

Germany
Repossession by self-help is generally illegal and constitutes theft. In most cases, if the debtor is unable or unwilling to pay an outstanding debt, the creditor must first obtain either a court order authorizing the repossession (Vollstreckungsbescheid, only possible if the debtor does not contest the debt) or a regular court judgment. The debt must then be collected by an officer of the court (Gerichtsvollzieher) who exclusively may use force to collect the debt, such as opening a door or enlisting help from police. Neither the creditor nor private debt collection agencies may use force or seize property against the will of the debtor.

Specific forms of self-help repossession for real estate are legal. For example, a landlord may seize the tenant's property in a rented object if there are outstanding payments.

title: Repossession


text:
Hassan Nooraddeen I

Sultan Al hajj Hassan Nooraddeenul Iskandhar I was the Sultan of the Maldives from 1779–1799. He was the son of Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din. Nooraddeen went on hajj twice and on the second occasion he battled with the Sharif of Mecca. He died in Jeddah, together with 238 of the men of the  Maldivian army, from an infectious disease called kashividhuri or smallpox.

title: Hassan Nooraddeen I


text:
File:The B5405 at Woodseaves (9 May 2005).jpg

The B5405 at Woodseaves, taken by Neil Fairbrother


text:
Me & My (album)

Me & My is the debut album by the Danish Eurodance duo Me & My, originally released in 1995.

Track listing
All songs written by Susanne and Pernille Georgi, except where noted.
 * 1) "Baby Boy" (Susanne Georgi, Pernille Georgi, Peter Hartmann, Jan Langhoff, Richie Balmorian, Jay Balmorian, Robin Rex)
 * 2) "Lion Eddie"
 * 3) "I Belong to You"
 * 4) "Waiting"
 * 5) "Magic Love"
 * 6) "Dub-I-Dub"
 * 7) "So Many Times" (Hartmann, Langhoff, R. Balmorian, J. Balmorian, Trine Quaade)
 * 8) "Close"
 * 9) "Show Your Love"
 * 10) "Show Me"
 * 11) "You & I"

Toshiba EMI versions
Two other versions of the album were issued by Toshiba EMI. These were released exclusively in Japan in 1996 and 1998.

1996 version
The 1996 version, released on February 10, 1996, reached #6 in the Oricon weekly album chart on March 18, 1996 and ranked #36 in the Oricon yearly Top 100 best-selling album chart in 1996 with 627,520 copies sold.
 * 1) "Dub-I-Dub"
 * 2) "Baby Boy"
 * 3) "Lion Eddie"
 * 4) "I Belong to You"
 * 5) "Waiting"
 * 6) "Magic Love"
 * 7) "So Many Times"
 * 8) "Close"
 * 9) "Show Your Love"
 * 10) "Show Me"
 * 11) "You & I"

1998 version
The 1998 version was released on March 28, 1998.
 * 1) "Touch Of Your Love"
 * 2) "Dub-I-Dub"
 * 3) "Baby Boy"
 * 4) "Lion Eddie"
 * 5) "I Belong to You"
 * 6) "Waiting"
 * 7) "Magic Love"
 * 8) "So Many Times"
 * 9) "Close"
 * 10) "Show Your Love"
 * 11) "Show Me"
 * 12) "You & I"

title: Me & My (album)


text:
File:Chinook-arch.JPG

This spectacular Chinook Arch appeared over Calgary in the late afternoon of January 6, 2003 - during a warm spell when the temperature in the city reached an all-time January record high of 18°C (64°F)

title: File:Chinook-arch.JPG


text: Talk:Me & My (album)

title: Talk:Me & My (album)


text:
Optimus Maximus keyboard

The Optimus Maximus keyboard, previously just "Optimus keyboard", is a keyboard developed by the Art. Lebedev Studio, a Russian design studio headed by Artemy Lebedev. Each of its keys is a display which can dynamically change to adapt to the keyboard layout in use or to show the function of the key. It was launched initially in 2007 and is no longer available to new orders.

Overview
The design featured on the studio's website received attention on the web when it was featured on Slashdot on July 14, 2005, and afterwards for a few weeks on other technology websites. The original release date was "end of 2006", however production issues caused the Optimus mini three to be developed first, with the full keyboard delayed until the end of 2007. The keyboard was number 10 in the Wired Magazine 2006 Vaporware Awards and number 4 on the list in 2007 due to its numerous delays and feature reductions.

The Optimus allows for greater user interaction, by dynamically displaying the current function of the keys. For example, when the user presses the shift key, the pictures would change to upper-case versions. It would also make switching between different keyboard layouts (such as English and Cyrillic) rapid, and could make the switch to alternative layouts such as Dvorak easier for people who only have a QWERTY keyboard with no possibility of rearranging the keys. To demonstrate this concept, there are computer renderings showing example layouts for Quake III Arena and Adobe Photoshop.

A patent application filed on March 13, 2007, suggests that Apple Inc. may be working on a similar dynamically changeable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) keyboard.

Optimus mini three
Art. Lebedev Studio released a smaller three-key version of their keyboard, named Optimus mini three. Each of the keys is larger than a standard key. The mini three can be adjusted, through the configuration software, to either a horizontal or vertical orientation.

Initial reviews were mixed. The keyboard functions as advertised, but it has been criticized for inordinately high CPU usage, slow response time, and buggy configuration software.

Optimus Aux
On July 21, 2008, Engadget posted about a new version of the keyboard, originally named Optimus Pultius. It features 15 OLED keys in a three-by-five arrangement and a USB port. Engadget also reported that the Pultius had been renamed to the Aux and included a new rendering of the rear side showing that there would be two USB ports instead of one.

Optimus Popularis
In 2014, the existing models in the Optimus range were discontinued and superseded by the "Optimus Popularis" model which uses a single large LCD screen under the transparent keyboard instead of individual OLED displays for each key.

Similar keyboards
The patent for this "Display Keyboard" expired in 2016. However, the first programmable LCD keyboard was developed in the mid-1980s in Germany. This keyboard, sold under the LCBoard name in the U.S. until 1999, contained many of the features of the Optimus keyboard including monochrome graphic icons on each keyboard key, macro programming, context sensitive and application dependent switching between functions. S. Bigbie et al. published related ideas in an IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin (Vol. 21 No. 2 July 1978), as did Alan Bagley of Hewlett-Packard in.

E Ink technology has been used in a product by Sonder Design.

A concept design using E Ink technology was created by Maxim Mezentsev and Aleksander Suhih in 2013. A similar design by Jaasta was also created in 2014 but was never built since they used Sonder Design's prior art.

Special features
Art. Lebedev Studio manufactured the keyboard with these features:
 * A plastic body (width: 537 mm, depth: 173 mm, height: 38 mm)
 * Extra-durable polymer plastic keys (20.2×20.2 mm, visible area 10.1×10.1 mm)
 * 48×48 pixel screens, Highcolor mode (65 536 colors, 10 frame/s)
 * Organic light-emitting diode screen for keys
 * USB 2.0 (or 1.1) connectivity
 * 4-5 year lifetime
 * A key-saver mode
 * Support for animation on keys at 10 frames/s minimum
 * Ability to form a mosaic using a combination of key images
 * Compatibility with Windows XP, Windows Vista and Mac OS X 10.5.1 (and higher).
 * An SDK for complete display customization
 * Swappable keys and support for keys without displays
 * 32 MB SD card for storing basic layouts
 * Non-stop glow time at nominal brightness of 20,000 hours, after which display quality will diminish
 * An ambient light sensor which can be used to automatically adjust display brightness
 * A viewing angle of 160°

Name origin
The keyboard's full name relates to Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Father God the Best and Greatest"), the full name of Jupiter, king of the gods in Roman mythology.

Reviews
Engadget published an early impression of the keyboard, approving of the quality of the displays, the build quality of the keyboard, and the customisation software. However, they note that the keys' high resistance means that it is tiring to type on (exhausting the author in "30 seconds to a minute"), and therefore "it's better off used as an absurdly configurable Swiss army knife".

Other reviewers felt that whilst the keyboard performed well, the high purchase price of $1,600 was not justified.

title: Optimus Maximus keyboard


text:
Talk:Heat shield

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This should not redirecto to atmospheric reentry, as it applies to fathoms of other things, such as weapon heat shields. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.161.201.16 (talk • contribs)

 * Please sign by adding four tildes lke this : ~ . Thanks. T.Neo (talk contribs review me ) 10:37, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

In its current form, this article should redirect to atmospheric reentry unless it is expanded to cover other topics such as weapon heat shields. --69.236.177.155 (talk) 01:54, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I was thinking something similar.--Craigboy (talk) 12:02, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Currently, the spacecraft section of the article states Atmospheric entry protection systems is the main article, but Atmospheric entry states Heat shield is the main. In other words, there is an infinite loop if one is trying to search for the main article. Magicalr2d2 (talk) 02:23, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: History of Science
— Assignment last updated by K8shep (talk) 16:15, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

I am adding some changes about the thermal soak heat shields on the space shuttle and some issues encountered using this systemMkf093 (talk) 16:22, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

I am adding ablative materials that were used historically in spacecraft missionRush1970 (talk) 16:23, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

Added update about LOFTID test Rush1970 (talk) 02:38, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

Added section about the heat shield on the Parker Solar Probe Rush1970 (talk) 20:27, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heat shield