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Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy

The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy is a centre for the sport of sailing on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast of England. The academy building is located in Osprey Quay on the northern tip of the island, and the waters of Portland Harbour and Weymouth Bay, adjacent to the site, are the main areas used for sailing. Local, national and international sailing events have been held at the site since it was opened in 2000, and in 2005 WPNSA was selected to host the sailing events at the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

History
The academy was formed as a not-for-profit company in 1999 and officially opened on 1 April 2000. It occupied converted naval premises until a clubhouse was built, which was opened in June 2005 by the Princess Royal. £7.85 million of funding for the project was donated by charities, individuals and local councils; the National Lottery donated £3 million in 2003, and the South West Regional Development Agency added £3.34 million. The academy's aims are to promote the sport of sailing at all levels of competence and ability, through courses, training and events, and to contribute to the economic regeneration of the area. Since opening it has created a demand in service and marine industries worth around £10 million. WPNSA continues to promote sailing to local schools, offering benefits such as free boat hoist and storage. Use of the facilities and access to training is open to anyone in return for an annual membership fee. On 6 July 2005, London was chosen to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and the WPNSA was chosen to host the sailing events.

Facilities
Portland Harbour and Weymouth Bay are the main areas used for sailing. The harbour covers an area of 8.6 km2, and is ideal for sailing as it is exposed to reliable winds from most directions, but is sheltered from large waves and currents by Chesil Beach and the breakwaters. The clubhouse houses facilities on two floors, including a gymnasium, seven lecture and meeting rooms for 260 people, an event hall with kitchens and a bar, VIP meeting rooms and offices, a lounge bar and cafeteria seating 350 people, and two balconies. The outside of the academy complex has a 40 m slipway and two deep water slipways, 30 pontoons with disabled access, cranage and boat hoists, boat storage and parking areas. WPNSA also operates Boscawen House, formerly an admiral's residence, which offers accommodation for a maximum of 47 people. The clubhouse generates 15–20% of its electricity from solar cells, and rainwater is collected from the roof to wash boats.

Osprey Quay
In November 2007, the South West Regional Development Agency signed a deal with Sutton Harbour Group to construct a 3 ha year-round tourist and leisure complex in Osprey Quay, between Portland Castle and the academy. The £30 million scheme, called Castle Court, includes a hotel, apartments, public areas, a restaurant, shops and other employment space, and is expected to create 300 jobs. A permanent base for the Royal Yachting Association's senior, youth, junior and paralympic national sailing squads is to be provided.

Events
Since opening the academy has hosted national and international sailing events, including the J/24 World Championship in 2005, staging trials for the 2004 Athens Olympics, the 2006 ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships, the BUCS Fleet Racing Championships, the Sail for Gold regatta and the RYA Youth National Championships. Local events are also held at the academy; nearby schools have extra-curricular sailing lessons, and in October each year WPNSA hosts Weymouth Speed Week. The British Olympic Sailing Team train at WPNSA.

The academy also hosted the Moth World Championship in 2008.

2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
In 2005, the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy was chosen as the venue for the sailing competition at the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. WPNSA was chosen to host these events due to its existing World class facilities. The Olympic Delivery Authority has built upon these facilities providing a new 220m slipway accessible at all states of tide and wind, an additional 70 marina berths and an extended dinghy park with capacity for 600 boats. In addition, the Academy provides direct access to Portland Harbour and Weymouth Bay which have been credited as some of the best sailing waters in the World. Olympic sailing events took place between 28 July and 11 August 2012, and Paralympic events between 31 August and 5 September. One course was in Portland Harbour and four in Weymouth Bay. Sailors from all over the world competed for 30 medals in the Olympic Games and 18 medals in the Paralympic Games. A cruise liner berthed at Portland Port was used as accommodation.

The academy is around 190 km from the Olympic Zone in central London. There was concern about the logistics of transporting athletes from London to the academy, as there is no motorway in Dorset, and transport links are already often congested in summer. Weymouth and Portland Borough Council lobbied the Department for Transport to reinstate double track between Moreton and Dorchester South on the South West Main Line and increase services from Weymouth railway station to London Waterloo and Bristol, and to introduce new direct services to Exeter. Services to London Waterloo began running every 30 minutes from December 2007, but services through Bristol to Cardiff were stopped. On 5 April 2007, Dorset County Council granted planning permission for a relief road scheme to alleviate congestion between Weymouth and Dorchester, which includes a single carriageway running 7 km north of Weymouth, and a 1000-space park-and-ride scheme, costing £84.5 million. Work on the road commenced in 2008, and as anticipated it was completed in three years, in time for the 2012 Olympic sailing events.

Events after the Olympics and Paralympics
In October 2021, Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy was announced host of the 2023 29er World Championships.


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Avatar Press

Avatar Press is an independent American comic book publisher founded in 1996 by William A. Christensen, and based in Rantoul, Illinois. It was originally known for publishing bad girl comics, such as Pandora, Hellina, Lookers, The Ravening, and Brian Pulido's Lady Death. Later the company became better known for publishing particularly violent titles by popular and critically acclaimed writers such as Alan Moore, Garth Ennis, Warren Ellis, Jonathan Hickman, and Kieron Gillen.

Avatar also publishes the comics news site Bleeding Cool, helmed by Rich Johnston.

1990s
Avatar Press launched in December 1996 with three titles: Pandora, Silent Rapture, and Donna Mia. Lookers followed in January, 1997. The founding publisher was Richard Christensen, his son William Christensen was editor-in-chief, and Mark Seifert was creative director.

The Christensens previously founded the comic book retail outfit Comic Cavalcade in 1989, when William Christensen was 16 years old. Seifert worked as a manager at Comic Cavalcade. Seifert and William Christensen co-bylined several articles for Wizard magazine during the early 1990s, including installments of "The Wizard’s Crystal Ball" column, an interview with Alan Moore, and a Jack Kirby retrospective. Before the launch of Avatar Press, William Christensen was also credited as "managing editor," among other roles, at London Night Studios in 1995 and 1996.

Avatar began publishing at the end of the 1990s comic book speculation boom and bust, when many publishers and retailers were going out of business, yet the company expanded, publishing titles by creators such as Mike Wolfer, David Quinn, Tim Vigil, Eric Powell, and Warren Ellis. Pandora became the company's flagship character, appearing in crossovers with numerous other "bad girl" characters, including Hellina, Razor, Lady Death, Shotgun Mary, and Widow.

2000s
In 2000, Avatar Press began publishing comics featuring characters licensed from Rob Liefeld's defunct Awesome Comics company, including Avengelyne and The Coven. The next year, Avatar began publishing previously unreleased issues of Glory written by Moore and originally intended for Awesome. More works by Moore followed, including adaptations of his prose stories and song lyrics, such as Alan Moore's Magic Words, and reprints such as the graphic novel A Small Killing.

Avatar soon attracted other critically acclaimed writers such as Garth Ennis, Jamie Delano, and Mark Millar. Ennis became a particularly active writer for the company. He brought his series Dicks with John McCrea over from Caliber Comics in 2002, then wrote a series of new titles, including 303  in 2004, Chronicles of Wormwood in 2006, Crossed in 2008, and Stitched in 2012. He brought his series War Stories, previously published under DC's Vertigo imprint, to Avatar in 2014.

Ellis continued to publish material through Avatar as well. In 2004, the company published four comics written by Ellis under the label "Apparat Singles Group." Described as "a group of imaginary first issues of imaginary series from an imaginary line of comics," the books represented Ellis's vision of what comics could have been like if the industry had drawn more inspiration from pulp magazines instead of superhero comics. Ellis's 2007 title Black Summer, about a superhero assassinating the President of the United States, garnered a cover story from American Prospect magazine.

Asked in 2009 how Avatar attracted well-known writers like Ellis and Moore, Christiansen cited creative freedom. Millar says Avatar was the only company willing to publish his series The Unfunnies because it was so "extreme." Eventually the company became better known for publishing titles by critically acclaimed, popular writers featuring extreme content, such as Crossed, than for the company's earlier bad girl titles.

Avatar also licensed comic book adaptations of famous science-fiction and horror movies and television shows, such as RoboCop, Stargate, Night of the Living Dead, A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.

The company launched the comic book and pop culture news site Bleeding Cool in 2009 with Rich Johnston as head writer and Mark Seiffert as managing editor.

2010s to present
Moore expanded his output for Avatar over the course of the 2010s. In need of quick money to pay a tax bill, Moore created a new comic book mini-series for Avatar called Neonomicon. The series was published in 2010 and featured art by Jacen Burrows. Much of what Moore says will be his final comics work before retiring from the medium was published by Avatar Press, including Crossed +100, Providence, and Cinema Purgatorio.

Avatar continued to expand its line-up of titles from high profile writers in the early 2010s, adding books like Kieron Gillen's Uber and Jonathan Hickman's God Is Dead, both in 2013. In 2016, Comics Alliance described Uber as "the backbone of Avatar Press' overall line" and "one of the publisher's most well-received and critically acclaimed comics."

In 2013, Delano said he wouldn't do any " and further work for Avatar after the company sold a "torture" variant cover depicting sexual violence towards women for an issue of Crossed he wrote. Later that year comics journalist Heidi MacDonald criticized Avatar's "torture" covers in general, asking "what kind of person buys a “Torture variant” cover anyway?" MacDonald's article prompted numerous responses, including one from then new Crossed writer Justin Jordan, but MacDonald noted how civil the debate remained.

Avatar launched a new imprint called Boundless Comics in 2010 to publish a new line of Lady Death titles and similar bad girl and "cheesecake" comics titles similar to those Avatar published during its early days. The imprint launched War Goddess featuring early Avatar characters Pandora, Hellina, and Widow in 2011 and a new Lookers title in 2016.

Avatar's Bleeding Cool website was criticized in 2018 after publishing an interview with far-right writer Vox Day conducted by Seifert. Bleeding Cool apologized for running the interview and appointed Kaitlyn Booth as editor-in-chief. Seifert remains managing editor of the site, according to his author page on the site.

As of June 2023, the Avatar Press website's news page has not been updated since October, 2020. In 2021, the company released the Providence Compendium and the Warrior Nun Dora graphic novel, both of which had been crowdfunded on Kickstarter in 2020. Avatar also released a new Jungle Fantasy Fauna series under the Boundless imprint in 2021. No new issues of Jungle Fantasy Fauna were published in 2022, but the fifth issue is solicited for December 2023. Meanwhile both Avatar and Boundless continue to solicit reprints and bundles of previously published material and Bleeding Cool continues to operate.

By author

 * Jamie Delano:
 * Narcopolis
 * Rawbone
 * Mike Deodato:
 * Jade Warriors
 * Warren Ellis:
 * Aetheric Mechanics
 * Anna Mercury
 * Apparat
 * Atmospherics
 * Bad Signal
 * Bad World
 * Blackgas
 * Black Summer
 * Captain Swing and the Electrical Pirates of Cindery Island
 * Crécy
 * Dark Blue
 * Doktor Sleepless
 * Frankenstein's Womb
 * FreakAngels
 * Gravel
 * Ilium
 * Ignition City
 * No Hero
 * Scars
 * Supergod
 * Wolfskin
 * Garth Ennis:
 * 303
 * Chronicles of Wormwood
 * Crossed
 * Dicks
 * Rover Red Charlie
 * Stitched
 * Streets of Glory
 * Christos Gage:
 * Absolution
 * Kieron Gillen:
 * The Heat
 * Über
 * Steven Grant:
 * Mortal Souls
 * My Flesh is Cool
 * Jonathan Hickman:
 * God Is Dead
 * David Lapham:
 * Caligula
 * Dan the Unharmable
 * Ferals
 * Rob Liefeld:
 * Avengelyne
 * The Coven
 * Glory
 * Mark Millar:
 * The Unfunnies
 * Alan Moore:
 * Another Suburban Romance
 * Cinema Purgatorio
 * The Courtyard
 * The Courtyard Companion
 * Fashion Beast
 * Glory
 * Hypothetical Lizard
 * Light of Thy Countenance
 * Magic Words
 * Neonomicon
 * Nightjar
 * Providence
 * A Small Killing
 * Writing for Comics
 * Yuggoth Cultures and Other Growths
 * Zak Penn:
 * Hero Worship
 * Eric Powell:
 * The Goon
 * Brian Pulido:
 * Belladonna
 * Gypsy
 * Lady Death (of Chaos Comics fame)
 * Unholy
 * War Angel
 * John A. Russo:
 * Escape of the Living Dead
 * William Tucci:
 * Shi
 * Tim Vigil:
 * 777: The Wrath
 * Cuda: An Age of Metal and Magic
 * Faust/777: The Wrath (aka Darkness in Collision)
 * Faust: Book of M
 * Webwitch
 * Mike Wolfer:
 * Widow

Selected other titles

 * Pandora (Avatar's flagship character)
 * Demonslayer by Marat Mychael
 * Dreamwalker by Jenni Gregory
 * Hellina
 * Jungle Fantasy, starring Fauna from the Threshold series' "Fauna, Jungle Girl"
 * Jungle Fantasy: Ivory, starring an independent cave-woman named Ivory who is a "widow" in search of her infant son who was abducted
 * Lookers
 * Medieval Lady Death
 * Nira-X Cyberangel by Bill Maus
 * The Ravening
 * Razor by Everette Hartsoe
 * Rich Johnston's Holed Up by Rich Johnston
 * Twilight, which, along with Twilight: Live Wire, was reprinted in Twilight: Raw

By author

 * Max Brooks:
 * The Extinction Parade
 * Joe R. Lansdale:
 * By Bizarre Hands
 * The Drive-in
 * On the Far Side With Dead Folks
 * George R. R. Martin:
 * Fevre Dream
 * The Skin Trade

Selected other titles

 * Frank Miller's RoboCop
 * Friday the 13th
 * George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead
 * A Nightmare on Elm Street
 * Species
 * Stargate
 * The Texas Chainsaw Massacre

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Avatar Press


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Portal talk:Geography

Geography
What is a global warming And what are the courses of global warming — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A03:2880:31FF:19:0:0:FACE:B00C (talk) 08:09, 27 February 2022 (UTC)
 * We are not going to write your Gr12 essay for you, however many times you ask. Wikipedia has several relevant articles, some of which are showcased in this portal or in Portal:Climate change.  Repetition of the same question is unconstructive and will be removed.  Certes (talk) 12:02, 27 February 2022 (UTC)

Why is Generation Z listed as a geography topic.
On December 13 2022 the topic of Generation Z was listed as a geography related topic. The page of Generation Z makes no mention of geography. Grinhelm (talk) 16:23, 13 December 2022 (UTC)
 * WikiProject Geography has its banner on Talk:Generation Z, probably because demographic cohorts fall within geography. Pinging  who . Certes (talk) 18:29, 13 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Geography


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Solenoid (mathematics)

 * This page discusses a class of topological groups. For the wrapped loop of wire, see Solenoid.

In mathematics, a solenoid is a compact connected topological space (i.e. a continuum) that may be obtained as the inverse limit of an inverse system of topological groups and continuous homomorphisms

 * $$f_i: S_{i+1} \to S_i \quad \forall i \ge 0$$

where each $$S_i$$ is a circle and fi is the map that uniformly wraps the circle $$S_{i+1}$$ for $$n_{i+1}$$ times ($$n_{i+1} \geq 2$$) around the circle $$S_i$$. This construction can be carried out geometrically in the three-dimensional Euclidean space R3. A solenoid is a one-dimensional homogeneous indecomposable continuum that has the structure of an abelian compact topological group.

Solenoids were first introduced by Vietoris for the $$n_i = 2$$ case, and by van Dantzig the $$n_i = n$$ case, where $$n\geq 2$$ is fixed. Such a solenoid arises as a one-dimensional expanding attractor, or Smale–Williams attractor, and forms an important example in the theory of hyperbolic dynamical systems.

Geometric construction and the Smale–Williams attractor
Each solenoid may be constructed as the intersection of a nested system of embedded solid tori in R3.

Fix a sequence of natural numbers {ni}, ni ≥ 2. Let T0 = S1 × D be a solid torus. For each i ≥ 0, choose a solid torus Ti+1 that is wrapped longitudinally ni times inside the solid torus Ti. Then their intersection

 * $$\Lambda=\bigcap_{i\ge 0}T_i$$

is homeomorphic to the solenoid constructed as the inverse limit of the system of circles with the maps determined by the sequence {ni}.

Here is a variant of this construction isolated by Stephen Smale as an example of an expanding attractor in the theory of smooth dynamical systems. Denote the angular coordinate on the circle S1 by t (it is defined mod 2π) and consider the complex coordinate z on the two-dimensional unit disk D. Let f be the map of the solid torus T = S1 × D into itself given by the explicit formula

 * $$ f(t,z) = \left(2t, \tfrac{1}{4}z + \tfrac{1}{2}e^{it}\right).$$

This map is a smooth embedding of T into itself that preserves the foliation by meridional disks (the constants 1/2 and 1/4 are somewhat arbitrary, but it is essential that 1/4 < 1/2 and 1/4 + 1/2 < 1). If T is imagined as a rubber tube, the map f stretches it in the longitudinal direction, contracts each meridional disk, and wraps the deformed tube twice inside T with twisting, but without self-intersections. The hyperbolic set Λ of the discrete dynamical system (T, f) is the intersection of the sequence of nested solid tori described above, where Ti is the image of T under the ith iteration of the map f. This set is a one-dimensional (in the sense of topological dimension) attractor, and the dynamics of f on Λ has the following interesting properties:

 * meridional disks are the stable manifolds, each of which intersects Λ over a Cantor set
 * periodic points of f are dense in Λ
 * the map f is topologically transitive on Λ

General theory of solenoids and expanding attractors, not necessarily one-dimensional, was developed by R. F. Williams and involves a projective system of infinitely many copies of a compact branched manifold in place of the circle, together with an expanding self-immersion.

Construction in toroidal coordinates
In the toroidal coordinates with radius $$R$$, the solenoid can be parametrized by $$t\in \R$$ as$$\zeta = 2\pi t, \quad re^{i\theta} = \sum_{k=1}^\infty r_k e^{2\pi i \omega_k t}$$where

$$\omega_k = \frac{1}{n_1 \cdots n_k}, \quad r_k = R \delta_1 \cdots \delta_k$$

Here, $$\delta_k$$ are adjustable shape-parameters, with constraint $$0 < \delta < 1 - \frac{1}{1 + \sin \frac{\pi}{n_k}}$$. In particular, $$\delta = \frac{1}{2n_k}$$ works.

Let $$S\subset \R^3$$ be the solenoid constructed this way, then the topology of the solenoid is just the subset topology induced by the Euclidean topology on $$\R^3$$.

Since the parametrization is bijective, we can pullback the topology on $$S$$ to $$\R$$, which makes $$\R$$ itself the solenoid. This allows us to construct the inverse limit maps explicitly:$$g_k: \R \to S_k, \quad g_k(t) = (r, \theta, \zeta)\text{ in toroidal coordinates, where } \zeta = 2\pi t, \quad re^{i\theta} = \sum_{k=1}^k r_k e^{2\pi i \omega_k t} $$

Construction by symbolic dynamics
Viewed as a set, the solenoid is just a Cantor-continuum of circles, wired together in a particular way. This suggests to us the construction by symbolic dynamics, where we start with a circle as a "racetrack", and append an "odometer" to keep track of which circle we are on.

Define $$S = S^1 \times \prod_{k=1}^\infty \Z_{n_k}$$ as the solenoid. Next, define addition on the odometer $$\Z \times \prod_{k=1}^\infty \Z_{n_k} \to \prod_{k=1}^\infty \Z_{n_k}$$, in the same way as p-adic numbers. Next, define addition on the solenoid $$+: \R \times S \to S$$ by$$r + (\theta, n) = ((r + \theta \mod 1), \lfloor r + \theta \rfloor + n) $$The topology on the solenoid is generated by the basis containing the subsets $$S' \times Z'_{(m_1, ..., m_k)} $$, where $$S' $$ is any open interval in $$S^1 $$, and $$ Z'_{(m_1, ..., m_k)} $$ is the set of all elements of $$ \prod_{k=1}^\infty \Z_{n_k}$$ starting with the initial segment $$(m_1, ..., m_k) $$.

Pathological properties
Solenoids are compact metrizable spaces that are connected, but not locally connected or path connected. This is reflected in their pathological behavior with respect to various homology theories, in contrast with the standard properties of homology for simplicial complexes. In Čech homology, one can construct a non-exact long homology sequence using a solenoid. In Steenrod-style homology theories, the 0th homology group of a solenoid may have a fairly complicated structure, even though a solenoid is a connected space.

title: Solenoid (mathematics)


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User talk:Flat-Earther

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. dab (ᛏ) 07:42, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * look, I assume you are trolling. If you are serious, discuss your edits on talk pages. If you do not justify your edits, providing sources, we will consider your edits vandalism and block you from editing. thanks, dab (ᛏ) 07:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

well, then provide sources. like, printed publications. I do not think you understand either the history of the flat Earth idea, or the concept of Black Hole. I think you are a teenager who just discovered relativism. However, do prove me wrong and cite notable publications. Unsourced statements will just be reverted. dab (ᛏ) 07:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If you consider Charles K. Johnson's statements sourced, then my statements are just a supplement of his theory, and should be presented too. Please, dont let you round earth POV to affect your fair judgement. The enhanced flat earth theory is based on recent discoveries of superstring and parallel universe theories.
 * hell, no; your statements are not a "supplement", they are your statements. If anybody made a connection of parallel universes with "flat" earth, quote the publication, don't just wave your hands and say "recent research". where was this recent research published? by whom? I have no round-earth-pov. I enjoy the flat earth worldview, and do not want to see it degraded with pseudo-science. Your 'enhanced' edits still completely lack sources, even a leaflet. So for all I know, you are just making this up. dab (ᛏ) 08:23, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No no! I have some printed publications that are the proof of the enhanced flat-earth theory, you could give me your address and send them to you. Unfortunately these publications are only in printed form. I cannot find them in a web site. What about our comrades, the square earth believers? They have no printed publications, but they have a web publication . Could you please decide what you mean by "sourced statements". Do you consider printed publications as sourced statements? Do you consider web publications as sourced statements? Or, do you consider as "sourced statements" the statements of your favorite web sites and publishers and you judge all the rest as non reliable? Flat-Earther 08:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

see Talk:Flat_Earth_Society. dab (ᛏ) 08:50, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the article User:LevKamensky. Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 13:08, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sorry, I tried to talk to User:LevKamensky but his talkpage is locked. So, I have to use his user page to communicate with him. Flat-Earther 13:27, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Ahh, so it is. I appologize. It seems he is indefinitely blocked however, so he will not be able to respond to you anyhow. It is just frowned upon to edit one's userpage, if you need to do so, its better to make it at the top or bottom and not in the middle, but only in this type of circumstance.  This way it does not look like you are vandalizing the page.  Thanks for the reply, I have marked his userpage as blocked.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  13:33, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flat-Earther


text:
User:Mr. Exuberance

Exuberance

title: User:Mr. Exuberance


text: User talk:66.52.142.7

title: User talk:66.52.142.7


text: User talk:202.63.33.92

title: User talk:202.63.33.92


text:
Chuck Long

Charles Franklin Long Jr. (born February 18, 1963) is an American football coach and former player who is the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for the Arlington Renegades of the United Football League (UFL). He played as a quarterback in college for the Iowa Hawkeyes under coach Hayden Fry and professionally with the Detroit Lions and the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1999. After his professional career, Long was an assistant coach at Iowa and Oklahoma before serving as the head football coach for the San Diego State Aztecs. Long also held a position as the offensive coordinator for the Kansas Jayhawks under head coach Turner Gill. Long is the CEO and executive director of the Iowa Sports Foundation, the organization that runs the Iowa Games, the Senior Games, Adaptive Sports Iowa, Iowa Corporate Games and the Live Healthy Iowa challenge, as well as an analyst for the Big Ten Network.

Background
Born in Norman, Oklahoma, and raised in Wheaton, Illinois, Long attended Wheaton North High School and played football, basketball and baseball under Jim Rexilius. He led his team to the 1979 state title in football as the starting quarterback and was named to the all-state championship squad. Long also gathered all-state honors in 1980.

Still, Long was not heavily recruited out of high school, as Long averaged only five to six pass attempts per game. As a result, he did not receive his first recruiting call until Thanksgiving of his senior year. Just three schools looked into offering him a scholarship: Northern Illinois, Northwestern, and Iowa. Long eventually accepted a scholarship to play at Iowa for future Hall of Fame coach Hayden Fry.

1981–1984
Long redshirted for the Iowa Hawkeyes in 1981. However, the redshirting rule was new, so Long was only able to take a couple of snaps during his redshirt season. The current redshirt rule (2018) allows a player to participate in up to four games during his/her redshirt season and retain a year of eligibility. While Long played very sparingly in 1981, he did run a couple of plays at the very end of the 1982 Rose Bowl; because of this, he later became the first College Football Player to ever play in five bowl games.

Before the 1982 season, Hayden Fry said that Long was "destined for greatness", which was a bold statement considering that Long was so lightly recruited out of high school. Long started in the first game of the 1982 season, but he was benched for a game after a loss to Nebraska. He was reinserted as a starter in the third game of the 1982 season and led Iowa to a win over Arizona. Long never lost his starting spot again while at Iowa.

Long threw for 1,374 yards and eight touchdowns as a freshman. It was the third most passing yardage in a single season ever at Iowa, behind Gary Snook and Larry Lawrence. His 64.2 completion percentage was a school record. Iowa had a 7–4 record before defeating Tennessee in the 1982 Peach Bowl. Long was the offensive player of the game after completing 19 of 26 passes for a career-high 304 yards.

As a sophomore in 1983, Long passed for a school record 345 yards in a 42–35 win at Penn State. A few weeks later, he completed just 12 of 27 passes in a loss to Illinois; it would be the only time in his college career as a starter that he failed to complete at least half of his passes. The following week against Northwestern, Long broke his own school record for passing yards and helped Iowa set a new conference record with 713 yards of total offense. He accounted for 398 yards of total offense, also a school record. By the end of his sophomore year, Long owned Iowa's school records for yards passing in a season and a career, touchdown passes in a season and a career, and total offense in a season and a career. He led Iowa to a 9–2 record in the 1983 season and a berth in the Gator Bowl after being named first team all-Big Ten.

Long was again an all-Big Ten selection as a junior in 1984, as he finished first in the Big Ten in passing efficiency. Long completed 22 consecutive passes against Indiana, setting an NCAA record. He also finished seventh in the Heisman Trophy balloting as a junior. Iowa had a 7–4–1 record after the 1984 regular season and accepted an invitation to the Freedom Bowl against Texas.

A windy, rainy day did not slow Long in what some felt might be his final college game. Iowa destroyed Texas, 55–17, the second most points ever scored against Texas and the most in 80 years. Long broke a 24–17 game at halftime wide open by completing 12 of 14 passes for 241 yards and four touchdowns in the third quarter alone. For the game, Long was offensive MVP as he completed a school record 29 passes in 39 attempts for a bowl record 461 yards and a bowl record 6 touchdowns.

The 1985 season
After much consideration, Long delighted Iowa Hawkeye fans by declaring that he would return for his senior season. He became an instant Heisman Trophy candidate, and Iowa was a preseason top five team. After three weeks in 1985, the Hawkeyes ascended to #1 in the national rankings.

In Iowa's first game at #1, the Hawkeyes played Michigan State. A seesaw game had Michigan State leading, 31–28, in the waning minutes. Long drove Iowa the length of the field, and the Hawkeyes faced fourth and goal from the two-yard line with just 27 seconds remaining. Since college football had no overtime rule at the time, Iowa needed to go for the touchdown and the win rather than attempt a tie. Long faked a handoff to running back Ronnie Harmon and then ran to his right. His fake had fooled the Spartan defenders, and Long ran into the endzone, holding the ball high above his head as he crossed the goal line to give Iowa a 35–31 victory. He completed a school record 30 passes on 39 attempts for 380 yards and scored five touchdowns (four passing and the game winning score rushing) in the game.

Two weeks later, #1 Iowa faced #2 Michigan in Kinnick Stadium. Iowa trailed 10–9 as the Hawkeyes regained possession of the football at their own 22-yard line with just 5:27 remaining in the game. Long led Iowa on a 66-yard drive against the nation's top-ranked defense, twice converting third-and-eight situations by completing passes to tight end Mike Flagg. Long drove the Iowa team to the 12-yard line with two seconds remaining to set up kicker Rob Houghtlin's game-winning field goal as time expired. Long completed 26 of 39 passes for 297 yards in Iowa's 12–10 win.

A loss to Ohio State cost Iowa their #1 ranking, but the Hawkeyes still won the Big Ten title outright for the first time in 27 years. Long won many major national awards as a senior, including the 1985 Maxwell Award, given to the nation's top player and the Davey O'Brien Award, given to the nation's top quarterback. He was the Big Ten Player of the Year and a consensus first team All-American. Finally, Long was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy to Bo Jackson of Auburn in the second closest race in the award's history, losing by just 45 points.

Though Iowa lost in Long's final game in the 1986 Rose Bowl, the loophole with the redshirting rule allowed Long to play in his fifth bowl game.

Long's Iowa teams compiled a 35–13–1 record. He graduated with 10,461 passing yards and 74 touchdowns on 782 completions. He held every passing record at the University of Iowa except one (passes attempted in a game) when he graduated. Long holds the best completion percentage of any college quarterback all-time who has attempted more than 1,000 career passes. He was also the first Big Ten player and just the second player in college football history to throw for more than 10,000 yards in a career. The first was Doug Flutie. Long was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Iowa Sports Hall of Fame in 2001.

On December 12, 2014, the Big Ten Network included Long on "The Mount Rushmore of Iowa Football", as chosen by online fan voting. Long was joined in the honor by Nile Kinnick, Alex Karras and Tim Dwight. Of the honor, Long told BTN Live host Mike Hall: "It's a great honor. It was a great time to be a Hawkeye during those years. I'm very honored to be on that list."

Professional career
Drafted 12th overall in the first round by the Detroit Lions in the 1986 NFL Draft, Long's NFL career was disappointing. During Long's rookie season in the NFL, he was called into a game after an injury suffered by then-starting quarterback Joe Ferguson. His best season was 1987, in which he threw 2,598 yards, 11 touchdowns and 20 interceptions. Long played for the Lions from 1986–1989 before being traded to the Los Angeles Rams in 1990. After one year in Los Angeles, Long returned to Detroit for the 1991 season, though he did not attempt any passes.

Coaching career
Long transitioned to a career as a football coach. He returned to his alma mater in 1995, serving as Iowa's defensive backs coach. Though Long had no coaching experience and had played on the offensive side of the ball for his entire career, he quickly became a respected defensive coach. In his three seasons coaching defensive backs from 1995–1997, Iowa posted a 24–12 record and advanced to a bowl game all three years. Iowa led the nation in interceptions returned for touchdowns in 1995, while the 1997 squad led the Big Ten in interceptions.

Long switched to coaching Iowa's quarterbacks and special teams in 1998. After the 1998 season, Iowa coach Hayden Fry retired, and though Long was considered for the job, Fry was ultimately succeeded by Kirk Ferentz. Ferentz retained Long from Fry's staff, and Long served Ferentz in the same capacity for the 1999 season.

After five seasons coaching at Iowa, Long left the Hawkeyes to become the quarterbacks coach at Oklahoma. Oklahoma coach Bob Stoops and Long were teammates on Iowa's 1982 Rose Bowl team. Long was an assistant on the Oklahoma team that claimed the 2000 Bowl Championship Series national title. He coached quarterback Josh Heupel to a second-place finish in the Heisman Trophy balloting that year.

After the 2001 season, Long was promoted to Oklahoma's offensive coordinator position. Oklahoma won the Rose Bowl following the 2002 season, and in 2003, the Sooners set a Big 12 Conference record by averaging 51.5 points per game.

In 2004, Long was named as a finalist for the Broyles Award as the nation's top assistant coach. He was an assistant coach at Oklahoma for six seasons, including four as an offensive coordinator, and Oklahoma compiled a 67–11 record during his time there.

After the 2005 season, Long landed his first head coaching position when he was hired as the 16th head football coach at San Diego State University. Long had a record of 9–27 in three seasons as SDSU's head coach. On November 23, 2008, college president Stephen Weber announced that Athletic Director Jeff Schemmel had dismissed Long prior to the final game of the season. Coach Long finished his third season only winning 2 out of 12 games, including the one conference win on his final night. San Diego State finished the 2008 season with a 2–10 record, the first and only ten-loss season in school history. Long also had the distinction of having his team lose two games to Division I-AA Cal Poly San Luis Obispo (in his first and third seasons with the Aztecs, respectively).

Long was offensive coordinator for the Kansas Jayhawks. Long became part of the coaching staff under head coach Turner Gill after the departure of Mark Mangino, Long's former co-worker at Oklahoma.

In 2012, Long became receivers coach at Norman High School in Norman, Oklahoma.

In 2019, Long was hired by the St. Louis BattleHawks of the XFL as running backs coach. He was promoted to offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach on January 11, 2020.

Long was officially hired by the Arlington Renegades on September 13, 2022

Family
Long and his wife, Lisa have three daughters; Lindsay, Samantha, and Maddy, and two sons; Nathan and Zachary.

title: Chuck Long


text:
Vedic timeline

"Vedic timeline" may refer to
 * the Vedic period of Indian prehistory (mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BC)
 * the relative chronology of Vedic Sanskrit in historical linguistics
 * the mythological chronology associated with the Sanskrit epics
 * traditional Hindu units of time

title: Vedic timeline


text:
Ryan Claridge

Ryan Quinlan Claridge (born April 12, 1981) is a former American football linebacker. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New England Patriots in the 2005 season, but was released early during 2006 training camp. He played college football at UNLV and is currently the owner of Big Apple Bagels in Traverse City, Michigan, which he purchased in May 2022.

Early life
Claridge attended Almont High School in Almont, Michigan, and was a four-sport standout in football, tennis, basketball and track. In football, as a senior, he rushed for more than 1,300 yards and 27 touchdowns, was a first team All-Southern Thumb Association selection, was the League MVP and a first team All-State selection. He is the school record holder in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns, having played three years on the varsity team. In basketball, Claridge was the team's leading scorer and rebounder during his sophomore and senior seasons (he missed his junior season due to injury). In tennis, as a senior, he was also a first-team All-State selection. In track, as a junior, Claridge qualified for the state finals in the high jump and was also All-Southern Thumb Association in the 100-meter dash and the high jump.

College and professional career
Claridge was recruited by College Football Hall of Famer John Robinson to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas as a linebacker for the Rebels football team. Claridge would play his entire eligibility at UNLV over five years, receiving a medical redshirt during the 2002 season due to a sports hernia.

Claridge was drafted by the New England Patriots in the fifth round (170th overall) in the 2005 NFL Draft. Claridge would spend the entire 2005 season on the team's practice squad before being cut during training camp in 2006.

Personal
Claridge's brother, the late Travis Claridge out of USC was a second round pick offensive lineman for the Atlanta Falcons in 2000.

After his professional football career was over, Claridge returned to southern Nevada and took up a coaching position with Coronado High School's Junior Varsity squad in 2007. The following season, Claridge would become the defensive coordinator for the varsity team at Del Sol High School and become a full-time teacher in the schools Driver's Education, Health and Physical Education Department. In 2011, Claridge left teaching/coaching to become a franchisee of Firehouse Subs in the Henderson/Las Vegas area. He owned and operated multiple Firehouse Subs before selling them after he moved back to Michigan. In 2015, he went back into education as a Physical Education teacher at Liberty High School and also served as the linebackers coach for Liberty's varsity football team.

Claridge was an investor in Philippi Sports Institute in Las Vegas, the institute is owned and operated by former World's Strongest Man finalist Mark Philippi. In May 2022, he purchased and locally operates a Big Apple Bagels franchise in Traverse City, Michigan.

title: Ryan Claridge


text:
Frestonia

Frestonia was the name adopted for a couple of months by the squatters of Freston Road, London, when they attempted to stop a threatened eviction via secession from the United Kingdom. In 1974, two streets of tumbledown terraced Victorian cottages – Freston Road and Bramley Road – were broken into by squatters who rigged up electricity, water and makeshift roofs. They playfully formed the Free and Independent Republic of Frestonia.

The residents were squatters, some of whom eventually set up a housing co-op in negotiation with Notting Hill Housing Trust after that landlord bought the street. Residents included artists, musicians, writers, actors and radical feminist activists.

Actor David Rappaport was the Foreign Minister, while playwright Heathcote Williams who occasionally visited a friend in the street, served as Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

Location
Frestonia consisted of a 1.8 acre triangle of land (including communal gardens) formed by Freston Road, Bramley Road and Shalfleet Drive, W10, which belonged at the time to the London Borough of Hammersmith. This land crosses the boundary of London postal districts W10 (Kensal Green) and W11 (Notting Hill), and now belongs to the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

Prior to the construction of the Westway, Freston Road had been called Latimer Road, and the nearby tube station still bears the former name.

Origins
Most of the residents of Freston Road were squatters, who moved into empty houses in the early 1970s. The "Republic of Frestonia" continued to operate as a collective well into the 1980s, becoming a creative hub for writers, artists and musicians as well as cultural activists. When the Greater London Council planned to redevelop the area, the 120 residents first all adopted the same surname of Bramley with the aim that the council would then have to re-house them collectively.

Independence
The Council threatened formal eviction, so at a public meeting attended by 200 people, resident Nicholas Albery—inspired by both the 1949 Ealing comedy film Passport to Pimlico and a previous visit to Freetown Christiania in Copenhagen—suggested that they declare the street independent of the rest of the UK. A referendum returned 94% of residents in favour of the plan, and 73% in favour of joining the European Economic Community. Independence was declared on 31 October 1977. Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Geoffrey Howe wrote expressing his support, saying: "As one who had childhood enthusiasm for Napoleon of Notting Hill, I can hardly fail to be moved by your aspirations." In a legal dispute regarding the unauthorised performance of his play The Immortalist, Heathcote Williams won a ruling from the UK courts that Frestonia was for this purpose not part of the UK.

The state adopted the Latin motto Nos Sumus Una Familia—We are All One Family—and applied to join the United Nations, at the same time warning that peacekeeping troops might be needed to keep the GLC at bay.

Culture, communications, transport and economy
Frestonia had its own flag; postage stamps (which were honoured by the General Post Office), passport stamps for visitors, a national newspaper The Tribal Messenger, as well as an art gallery, The Car Breaker Gallery.

The Car Breaker Gallery's exhibitors included Joe Rush of the Mutoid Waste Company, Julie Umerle, Brett Ewins, Giles Leaman and Brendan McCarthy. The gallery opened to the public at 4 Bramley Road on 14 December 1979. In 1980, conceptual artist John Latham was a member of the audience at the private view of one of the performances presented there. Professional lighting for the gallery was donated by Sandy Nairne, later to be Director of the National Portrait Gallery.

Frestonia street art included a whale on Stoneleigh Street and a performance of Apocalypse Now on bicycles.

In addition, there was a "National Theatre" at Frestonia which performed Heathcote Williams's The Immortalist. The Frestonian National Film Institute was also formed; its first screening being—appropriately—Passport to Pimlico and a film of the Sex Pistols.

Local transport was served by the Number 295 bus, and the London Underground, Latimer Road underground station being at the north end of Bramley Road.

There were even plans to introduce a currency.

When the state celebrated its fifth anniversary in 1982, the population numbered 97 people occupying 23 houses. The same year, The Clash recorded their album Combat Rock in Ear Studios (also known as The People's Hall) in Frestonia. The Clash and Motörhead practised in the rehearsal studios there. Killing Joke and Girlschool also practised there.

One third of the little tumbledown Victorian houses were squatted by young women from around the globe. Many gradually developed a shared feminist consciousness and began setting up creches, food co-ops and helping in the growing networks of women's refuges and legal advice agencies. The street became a hub for a while, for local anarcho feminist meetings and activism. One woman, Hilary, was the cook on the first Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior. Another, Lizzie, lived at Greenham Peace Camp, Marisa consolidated her career as an artist and Diane hers as a successful jazz musician. Everything seemed possible and everything was questioned.

Decline and fall
Following international press coverage, the residents formed the Bramleys Housing Co-operative Ltd, which negotiated with Notting Hill Housing Trust for continued residence and acceptable redevelopment of the site. Some Frestonians were unhappy with the consequent loss of independence and moved away. According to Tony Sleep, a resident photographer whose online photo-journal documents the history of the area, those leaving were often replaced by people with drinking and drug problems. The remaining Frestonians proved incapable of maintaining the ideals of the Frestonian "nation", which consequently went into decline. In its place, a more conventional local community developed, without any claims to secession from the UK.

21 st century situation
As of 2016, Bramleys Housing Co-operative manages the properties owned and built on the Frestonia site by Notting Hill Housing Trust, and its members live as a close-knit community. Some are children or grandchildren of the original Frestonians, although there has also been a significant influx of new residents.

A large new office development, also named Frestonia, was built on the adjacent site at the junction of Bramley Road and St Anns Road, and is occupied by the headquarters of Cath Kidston. In 2001, a second large office development also named Frestonia by its developers was erected at 125/135 Freston Road.

In 2006, the Louise T Blouin Foundation was built in nearby Olaf Street. The nearby 150,000 m2 Westfield London shopping complex opened in 2008.

Major developments occurred in 2007 with the completion of headquarters for Monsoon Accessorize and TalkTalk (2009) at the rear of 91–121 Freston Road.

Cultural reactions

 * 1978. Simon Watters-Bramley, Frestonian Ambassador to Canada, the Arctic and Chicago, was featured on the cover of Salty Dog magazine (Vol. I, issue No. 2) an arts and culture tabloid newspaper published by Joanne Light in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada where he resided at his ambassadorial residence before leaving his post to work for Greenpeace.
 * 1995. Frestonia was the name of the final album from Aztec Camera.
 * 2014. Robert Kerr won best Screenplay (UK) for his debut documentary The Republic of Frestonia at the 11th London Independent Film Festival.
 * 2015. To the Bramley Family of Frestonia. A publication documenting the public art project in London by Turner Prize nominee Nathan Coley with an introduction by art critic, writer and curator Sacha Craddock.
 * 2015. Arcadia. An article by Robert Barry, viewing Frestonia as the forefathers of Arcadia Spectacular.
 * 2016. Robert Kerr's documentary The Republic of Frestonia was shortlisted for a Golden Trellick Award at the Portobello Film Festival.
 * 2017. The Frestonian Gallery opened at The People's Hall. The Frestonian Gallery seeks to channel the independence of thought and expression of its rebel forebears.
 * 2018. Welcome To Frestonia by Tony Sleep. Publisher: Frestonian Gallery. ISBN 978-1-9996146-0-7
 * 2020. Kensington and Chelsea Art Week commission a mural to be painted on a large hoarding on Freston Road to commemorate the history of the area.
 * 2021. The musical Ruff Tuff Cream Puff Estate Agency based on the story and events of Freston was created and premiered at the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry.

title: Frestonia


text:
Howell–Jolly body

A Howell–Jolly body is a cytopathological finding of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes. During maturation in the bone marrow, late erythroblasts normally expel their nuclei; but, in some cases, a small portion of DNA remains. The presence of Howell–Jolly bodies usually signifies a damaged or absent spleen, because a healthy spleen would normally filter such erythrocytes.

The Howell–Jolly body is named after William Henry Howell and Justin Marie Jolly.

Appearance
This DNA appears as a basophilic (purple) spot on the otherwise eosinophilic (pink) erythrocyte on a standard H&E stained blood smear. These inclusions are normally removed by the spleen during erythrocyte circulation, but will persist in individuals with functional hyposplenia or asplenia.

Causes
Howell–Jolly bodies are seen with markedly decreased splenic function. Common causes include asplenia (post-splenectomy) or congenital absence of spleen (right atrial appendage isomerism). Spleens are also removed for therapeutic purposes in conditions like hereditary spherocytosis, trauma to the spleen, and autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia. Other causes are radiation therapy involving the spleen, such as that used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma. Howell–Jolly bodies are also seen in amyloidosis, severe hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The bodies can also can be seen in premature infants.

title: Howell–Jolly body


text:
Fall Out (The Prisoner)

"Fall Out" is the 17th and final episode of the allegorical British science fiction series The Prisoner. It was written and directed by Patrick McGoohan who also portrayed the incarcerated Number Six. The episode was first broadcast in the UK on ITV (Scottish Television) on Thursday 1 February 1968 (it appeared on ATV Midlands and Grampian the day after) and first aired in the United States on CBS on 21 September 1968.

The episode omits the usual long opening sequence in favour of a recap of the penultimate episode, "Once Upon a Time". It is the only episode in the series in which the show's principal outdoors location, Portmeirion, is given a specific credit in the opening titles. This resulted from an agreement with Portmeirion's architect, Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, that the location would not be revealed until the series finale.

The title "Fall Out" invoked the subject of nuclear fallout, which had been a subject of public concern in the 1960s.

Plot summary
After besting Number Two at a battle of wills in "Once Upon a Time" at the apparent cost of Number Two's life, Number Six requests he be taken to see Number One. He is taken by The Supervisor to a large cavernous chamber that includes a British assembly hall with a number of masked delegates, whom the Supervisor joins, and a large metallic cylinder with a mechanical eye, labelled "1". Number Six is shown to his seat, a large ornate throne, to watch the proceedings.

A master of ceremonies ("the President") announces Number Six has passed the "ultimate test" and won the "right to be individual", but there are matters of ceremony involved in the "transfer of ultimate power". The caged room where Number Two died is brought to the chamber with his body still in it; medical personnel recover the body, resuscitate him, and give Two a make-over. Number Two, along with Number Forty-eight—a young modishly-dressed man—are presented as two different examples of "revolt" to the assembly. Number Forty-eight refuses to cooperate and drives the assembly to sing a rendition of "Dem Bones" before he is restrained. Number Two reveals he too was abducted to the Village and spits at the mechanical eye in defiance. Both men are taken away.

The President then presents Number Six as a third form of revolt, but as "a revolutionary of a different calibre" to be treated with respect. Number Six is shown his home in London is being prepared for his return, and he is presented with a million pounds in traveller's cheques, petty cash, a passport, and the keys to his home and car. The President says Number Six is free to go home or go wherever he wants, but requests that Number Six stay and lead them as his behaviour has been so exemplary. The President then asks Number Six to address the assembly, but as he begins each sentence with "I" the assembly drowns him out with shouts of "Aye! Aye! Aye!..." Number Six is shown into the metallic cylinder. He passes transparent tubes holding Numbers Two and Forty-eight along with a third, empty tube, each labelled as "Orbit", the third tube has no number. Climbing a stairway, he finds a robed man in a mask and a circled "1" watching surveillance videos of Number Six. Number Six pulls off the mask to find a gorilla mask underneath, and then under that, a man seemingly identical to Number Six. The robed figure escapes into a hatch above. Number Six locks the hatch and recognises the cylinder is a rocket like the one in "The Girl Who Was Death". He initiates its countdown, sending the President and Assembly into a panic, and an evacuation of the Village is ordered.

Number Six frees Numbers Two and Forty-eight, and along with the Butler, they gun down armed guards, making their way to the caged room which is revealed to be on the bed of a Scammell Highwayman low loader. They drive away from the Village as the rocket launches from the abandoned Village. Rover (the security of the Village) deflates and is destroyed (to the accompaniment of "I, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi (I Like You Very Much)") upon exposure to the flames of the rocket's exhaust.

The four drive towards London. Nearing the city, Number Forty-eight alights and proceeds to hitch-hike, without regard for direction. Just outside the Palace of Westminster, the truck is stopped by the police. The three abandon it and leave their separate ways. Number Two enters the Palace by the Peers' Entrance, while the Butler escorts Number Six back to his home, where his Lotus 7 car waits, and the Number 1 appears on his door. Number Six sets off in his car, while the Butler enters Number Six's home, its door opening in the same manner as the automatic doors in the Village. The episode ends with the thunder claps from the series' opening sequence, as well as with the opening shot of Number Six driving on an open country road.

Cast

 * Number Six — Patrick McGoohan
 * Number Two — Leo McKern
 * Number Forty-Eight — Alexis Kanner
 * President — Kenneth Griffith
 * Supervisor — Peter Swanwick
 * The Butler — Angelo Muscat
 * Delegate — Michael Miller

Self imprisonment
"Number One was depicted as an evil, governing force in this Village. So, who is this Number One? We just see the Number Twos, the sidekicks. Now this overriding, evil force is at its most powerful within ourselves and we have constantly to fight it, I think, and that is why I made Number One an image of Number Six. His other half, his alter ego."

The allegorical shift that takes place once the identity of Number One is revealed has been subjected to various interpretations. McGoohan commented that it means to say that "Each man is a prisoner unto himself". The episode's ending, with Six's flat door opening automatically, as in the Village, suggests that he is still not free. The final scene, being the same as the first scene of the series, implies that the series is a cycle that is about to repeat itself, supporting the idea that Six cannot be free from captivity. McGoohan commented on the final scene that it is meant to show that "freedom is a myth," and there is no final conclusion to the series, because "we continue to be prisoners".

Writing
Lead star and series creator Patrick McGoohan wrote and directed the episode. As ITC managing director Lew Grade said in the 1984 documentary Six into One: The Prisoner File, McGoohan, despite having promised earlier that he would conceive an ending for the series, came to him admitting that he was unable to come up with an ending. The biggest problem was revealing the identity of Number One, which, as McGoohan and various other crew members admitted, had not been decided on prior to the writing of the final episode's script. According to the book The Prisoner by Robert Fairclough, McGoohan was informed that production was cancelled on the series immediately following filming of the preceding episode to be produced, "The Girl Who Was Death", and was given only a week to write a finale to conclude the storyline started in "Once Upon a Time", which had been filmed a year earlier. Fairclough's account is, however, in contradiction to virtually all others, which state that McGoohan knew when he left for America to act in the Hollywood film, Ice Station Zebra, that there would be only four more episodes produced from that point, starting with "Do Not Forsake Me Oh My Darling" during his absence and ending with a finale; indeed, most agree that this last happened because a scheduled production break was scrapped when two series of 13 episodes were reduced to one of seventeen due to ITC chief Lew Grade deciding that the actor/producer was taking too long and spending too much money.

In order to save time and cut costs, "Fall Out" reused several sets from "Girl", most notably the rocket control room. Two guest actors from the episode, Kenneth Griffith and Alexis Kanner, were also recruited to play different characters in "Fall Out". This was, in fact, Kanner's third appearance on the series in only a few weeks; he had previously played Number Eight alias "The Kid/Number 8" in the Western themed episode "Living in Harmony" as well as his uncredited role of the Photographer in "Girl". According to both Fairclough and Kenneth Griffith himself, McGoohan was so pressed for time that the actor was asked to write his own dialogue. While Leo McKern's Number Two is the same character that previously appeared, Kanner's Number 48 is almost certainly a different character from those he played in "Living in Harmony" (where his character in fact dies) and "The Girl Who Was Death", but it is unclear whether Griffith's character is the same one that was the Number Two in the latter episode. It was, however, not unusual in The Prisoner for actors to play different characters in different episodes.

McGoohan receives no onscreen acting credit in this episode. The episode opens with the series title superimposed over the first moments of the "Once Upon a Time" recap, with the location credit, episode title, guest stars, David Tomblin's producer credit and McGoohan's "written and directed by" credit over aerial footage of Portmeirion following that sequence. At the end, after the names of Kanner, McKern, and Muscat appear as captions over the actors themselves (still in character), an extreme aerial shot of the Lotus on London streets (the driver is not actually recognisable) is captioned simply, "Prisoner". Nor does McGoohan receive his usual executive producer credit; in "The Girl Who Was Death" it is replaced with a large "Patrick McGoohan as The Prisoner" credit, but here his name appears onscreen only as writer/director.

Broadcast
The broadcast date of the episode varied in different ITV regions of the UK. The episode was first shown on Scottish Television on Thursday 1 February 1968, on Friday 2 February on ATV Midlands and Grampian Television, on Sunday 4 February on ATV London, whose broadcasts were also taken up by Southern Television, Westward Television and Tyne-Tees; on Friday 9 February on Border Television, on Saturday 10 February on Anglia Television and on Friday 1 March on Granada Television in the North West. The aggregate viewing figures for the ITV regions that debuted the season in 1967 have been estimated at 9.8 million. In Northern Ireland, the episode did not debut until Saturday 13 April 1968, and in Wales, the episode was not broadcast until Wednesday 15 April 1970.

Reception
At the time "Fall Out" was first broadcast, there were only three television channels available in the UK and it was claimed that the long-awaited final episode of the series had one of the largest ever viewing audiences yet seen. However, this seems unlikely given that, like other ITC programmes, the show was screened in the various ITV regions at varying times on varying days; it was not networked. As home video was unavailable at the time, some viewers missed the fleeting glimpse of Number One's face, which was only four seconds long.

The finale intentionally avoided answering any mysteries regarding the origins of the Village, its intentions for Number Six and his reasons for resigning; there is also no clear explanation for why the Village releases Number Six. The episode depicts Numbers Six, Two, 48 and the Butler shooting their way out of the Village; this is in stark contradiction to the previously established absence of weapons in the Village and its impenetrable security. The Village's proximity to London in the finale is also unexplained. This resulted in bafflement and anger among the show's viewership to such an extent that McGoohan had to leave the country and go "into hiding" for a few days as dissatisfied viewers stormed his house.

Despite this, McGoohan stated in a 1977 interview that he was "delighted" with the reaction, as his intention was to create controversy. He explained that his enjoyment with the outrage was in line with the show's message, "as long as people feel something, that's the great thing, it's when they're walking around not thinking, not feeling, that's though, that's where all the dangerous stuff is, cause when you get a mob like that, you can turn them in to the sort of gang that Hitler had". The popular press joined in with the public indignation at this "rubbish" McGoohan had foisted on them. Although it is sometimes claimed that McGoohan never worked in the UK again after this, this is untrue as, for example, he starred in the Channel 4 production The Best of Friends (1991), and also appeared in the film Mary, Queen of Scots (1971), which was partially filmed in the UK. He did, however, tend to work in American television thereafter, including a Prisoner-tinged appearance on Columbo a few years later.

In 2001, TV Guide listed "Fall Out" as the 55th Greatest TV Episode of All Time.

Sequels in other media
There have been two licensed sequels to this episode in other media, plus one that is implied to follow on from its story.
 * The Prisoner: I Am Not a Number, a 1969 novel by Thomas Disch, is set after this episode and has Number Six living in London with the Butler as his servant, but Number Six's memories of the Village have been erased. The novel suggests that this episode was a hallucination during the memory erasure process. The amnesia itself is a Village plot to manipulate Six into regaining his memories and inadvertently reveal secrets he would otherwise guard. However, Disch's novel additionally suggests that the Village may be a dream, a state of consciousness, a set of false memories or a virtual reality simulation. It is left to the reader to wonder which of these theories may be true.
 * The 1988 comic book sequel, Shattered Visage, declares that this episode was a drug-induced psychodrama in which Number Two staged his own death and resurrection, and that the onscreen images are part of the Degree Absolute process that began in the previous episode, "Once Upon a Time". It offers two contradictory accounts, however: Number Two claims that in this episode, "The man that would not bend simply broke. Shattered and alone, he chose a number and christened himself Number One. He had accepted. He was ours, body and soul. We had won!" In contrast, a British intelligence officer reviewing the Village files reports, "Number Six made several attempts to escape. The administration, in turn, interrogated him repeatedly. And, as far as I can tell, he did not talk."
 * A 2018 comic book miniseries, The Prisoner: The Uncertainty Machine (Titan Comics) does not feature Number 6 (despite images of Patrick McGoohan from the series used on the covers of each issue), but is set in the present day in the same continuity of the TV series and as such is implied to take place after the events of "Fall Out".

title: Fall Out (The Prisoner)


text:
Emerson, Manitoba

Emerson is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district (LUD) in south central Manitoba, Canada, located within the Municipality of Emerson – Franklin. It has a population of 678 as of the 2016 Canada census.

Location and transportation
Emerson is 96 kilometres south of Winnipeg along the Red River, just north of the United States border at the point where the province of Manitoba and states of Minnesota and North Dakota meet. Being in the far southwestern corner of municipality, the LUD shares borders with the Rural Municipality of Montcalm in Manitoba, Pembina County in North Dakota, and Kittson County in Minnesota. The towns of St. Vincent, Minnesota, and Pembina, North Dakota, are just a few kilometres south of the border in the United States. The unincorporated community of Noyes, Minnesota, lies immediately across the border from Emerson; however, the border crossing between the two is now closed.

The principal roads serving Emerson are Highway 75 and Provincial Road 200, which run north to Winnipeg along either side of the Red River. Highway 75 at Emerson was being redeveloped in order to accommodate expansion of the Emerson port of entry. As part of this project, Emerson's access to Highway 75 was moved 1.2 km north of the former junction (removed in 2019).

Emerson port of entry
The border crossing at Emerson, Manitoba and Pembina, North Dakota is the fifth-busiest along the Canada–United States border, and the second-busiest west of the Great Lakes. It is part of a large trade corridor that links the Canadian prairies with the United States and Mexico. Annual cross-border trade is valued at over $14 billion CAD. The ports of entry on both sides are open 24 hours and offer full border services. An estimated one million people pass through the border crossing each year.

For many years, Emerson was among very few communities in Canada to have multiple border crossings. It was serviced by the current port of entry, originally designated as West Lynne, and the now-closed Emerson East port of entry opposite Noyes, Minnesota. In its original configuration, Highway 75 ended at the Emerson East crossing, the busier of the two crossings during the early and mid parts of the 20th century, where it continued south as U.S. Route 75. Travelers wishing to enter North Dakota turned south onto a short road leading to the border (later designated Highway 29) which continued into North Dakota as U.S. Route 81. The importance of the Emerson East crossing declined after Interstate 29 superseded U.S. 81 in 1957 and subsequent realignment of Highways 75 and 29 to serve the West Lynne-Pembina crossing. Dwindling use of the Emerson East port of entry prompted the Canadian government to close the border station in June 2003. The American government closed the Noyes port of entry three years later.

South of Emerson, the Canadian National (CN) and Canadian Pacific (CP) Railways cross the border and are met, respectively, by the BNSF Railway and the Soo Line Railroad (CP's main U.S. subsidiary). There are customs inspection facilities for both lines on either side of the border.

With the passage of Donald Trump's Executive Order 13769 in 2017, Emerson has seen a large influx of immigrants walking across the border to apply for asylum. Many of them have found assistance with the Manitoba Interfaith Immigration Council. In 2018, Member of Parliament for the Liberal Party of Canada Pablo Rodriguez began a series of visits to immigrant communities, warning potential border crossers that those who do not qualify for refugee status could be returned to their countries of origin rather than the United States. A migrant family of four Indian nationals was found frozen to death in January 2022 on the northern side of the US-Canada border.

History
In 1873, American businessmen Thomas Carney and William Fairbanks, following advice from railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill, received a grant from the province of Manitoba for 640 acres along the east side of the Red River near the Canada–United States border. Hill had advised Carney and Fairbanks that the area had significant potential to become a railway hub for the region. The existing settlement of West Lynne on the west side of the river had already established itself as a key point along the trading routes between Winnipeg and St. Paul, Minnesota. With the emergence of railroads during this time, the addition of their own railway would bring great economic prosperity.

In 1874, the two men led a group of 100 who formed the new settlement of Emerson, which was named after writer and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. With the promise that Emerson could be the new "gateway to the west", the settlement grew quickly and, by 1876, a church and a school were built.

Manitoba's first railway, the Emerson Line, which ran along the east side of the Red River from St. Boniface to Emerson was completed in 1878. Soon after, the railway from St. Paul to St. Vincent, Minnesota was completed and the two lines were connected. The arrival of the railway to Emerson brought prosperity, and instantly elevated Emerson's status as one of Manitoba's most important settlements.

Emerson was originally incorporated as a town in 1879. Over the next four years, the community experienced a boom. Its population swelled to over 10,000 and in 1883, the community absorbed the neighbouring community of West Lynne. A court house, town hall, and other large, elaborate structures were erected as businesses thrived, thanks to immigrants and travelers from the east stopping in Emerson before embarking west. To help cement its status as "gateway to the west", the town negotiated with Canadian Pacific Railway to build a new railway west from Emerson. However, shortly after work on the line began, CPR reconsidered and the railway was never built.

Coupled with the completion of CPR's transcontinental railway through Winnipeg, the loss of the western railway ended the prospects of Emerson being the "gateway to the west", a title that would be bestowed upon Winnipeg. Businesses relocated to Winnipeg and travelers who would previously would have come to Manitoba through Emerson were now taking the new all-Canadian CPR route to Winnipeg and then west. By 1884, only ten years after the settlement was founded, the community was bankrupt. It would take the community years to recover. A fire destroyed the original town hall in 1917. A new town hall was built to replace it, with help from the Manitoba government. Many of the abandoned buildings were eventually destroyed by Red River floods, while others were removed to make way for the dike that was constructed around the community.

From around 1936 to 1956, Emerson obtained its power across the border from a long 2400-volt distribution circuit originating from Pembina. This line was initially operated by the Interstate Power Company and was sold to the Otter Tail Power Company in 1944. In 1956, the town made arrangements to obtain its electrical needs from Manitoba Hydro and the cross-border distribution line was removed.

On January 1, 2015, the town and neighbouring Rural Municipality of Franklin were amalgamated by direction of the provincial government to create the Municipality of Emerson – Franklin. Following the merger, the former Town of Emerson was designated as a local urban district within the new municipality and allotted two seats on the municipal council.

Today, Emerson has a population just under 700. The community still attracts many visitors each year who pass through the Port of Entry at Emerson. There are still some landmarks remaining from Emerson's "golden age", such as the courthouse, jail, and home of William Fairbanks, as well as the West Lynne post office and original customs house. The courthouse, which is designated as a historical landmark, is still in use today.

West Lynne

West Lynne was established in the early 1870s by the Hudson's Bay Company, next to their North Pembina post, prior to which the company had operated a post at Fort Pembina two miles to the south, in American territory. After losing the fort in a Fenian raid in 1871, they withdrew and established the post inside Canadian territory.

A post office, telegraph station, and customs house were soon constructed at West Lynne, making it a key point along the Red River trade routes for both river and land traffic.

After the railway to Emerson was completed in 1878, the importance of West Lynne diminished. In 1883, West Lynne and Emerson were amalgamated into one municipality, retaining the name Emerson. The Canadian port of entry on the west side of the river was officially known as West Lynne to distinguish it from the Emerson East port on east side until the Canadian government closed Emerson East in 2003 to consolidate operations.

The original customs house and post office at West Lynne still stand about 200 meters from the modern facility used by the Canada Border Services Agency.

Fort Dufferin
The fort was located on the west side of the Red River, approximately two kilometers north of West Lynne. It was established by the Government of Canada in 1872 as a base for their contingent of the North American Boundary Commission. The commission was tasked with defining and marking the Canada-U.S. border. It later served an immigration station and police post. By 1879, the Canadian government no longer had use for the fort and sold the property.

Fort Dufferin is best known as the starting point for the North-West Mounted Police's infamous March West in 1874. This marked the only time the entire force was ever assembled at one place.

Today, the Fort Dufferin site is owned by the province of Manitoba. A cairn and plaque mark the historic site, which is open to the public during the summer.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Emerson had a population of 660 living in 294 of its 321 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 678. With a land area of 7.35 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Government
Emerson is located at the far southwest corner of the federal riding of Provencher, which is represented by Ted Falk. At the provincial level, the community is represented by Josh Guenter, MLA for the Borderland riding.

Community services
The community's education needs are served by Emerson Elementary School (Kindergarten to Grade 8) and Roseau Valley School (Grades 9–12) in nearby Dominion City. Recreational facilities include an indoor skating rink, curling rink, public golf course, swimming pool, and park. Emerson is also served by a local RCMP detachment and volunteer fire department.

Climate
Emerson experiences a humid continental climate (Dfb), and a Plant Hardiness of zone 3b. Along with St. Albans, Emerson holds the record for Manitoba's highest temperature of 44.4 C on 12 July 1936, during the 1936 North American heat wave. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -46.7 C on 9 February 1899.

Media

 * KGFE Channel 2 (PBS) Grand Forks, North Dakota
 * CBWT Channel 6 (CBC) Winnipeg
 * CKY Channel 7 (CTV) Winnipeg
 * WDAZ Channel 8 (ABC) Grand Forks, North Dakota
 * CKND Channel 9 (Global) Winnipeg
 * KNRR Channel 12 (FOX) Pembina, North Dakota
 * CIIT Channel 35 (Hope TV, religious) Winnipeg

title: Emerson, Manitoba


text:
Himu (character)

Himu or Himaloy (হিমু or হিমালয়) is a fictional character created by the Bangladeshi writer Humayun Ahmed who appears in a disjunct series of novels. The character first appeared in the novel titled Mayurakkhi published in 1990.

Character
The real name of the character is Himalay, a name given by his father. He follows a lifestyle that was instructed by his psychopathic father who wanted him to be a great man (Bengali: মহাপুরুষ).

Himu wears a yellow panjabi that does not have a pocket and lives a mostly nomadic life. He walks barefoot on the streets of Dhaka without a certain destination. He does not have a job and, therefore, no source of income. He prefers the life of a beggar to that of a hard worker, often praising begging. The charterer is decidedly eccentric and unorthodox in outlook.

He has a large number of followers for his spiritual power of predicting future events of anyone, including those of police officers, beggars, neighbors, relatives, and tea stall proprietors. Most of the time he indifferently speaks unpleasant truth about the person with whom he talks.

Himu unlike the atheist psychology Professor Misir Ali argues that the beliefs make things happen, not inspecting or asking questions. This aspect of him makes him a person who lives by the magical side of the world, not using logic.

There are 21 novels about Himu. Five others are Himu-based.

Other Himu-related books

 * 1) হিমু মামা:
 * 2) হিমুর একান্ত সাক্ষাৎকার ও অন্যান্য:
 * 3) হিমুর বাবার কথামালা:
 * 4) ময়ূরাক্ষীর তীরে:
 * 5) আজ রবিবার: Aaj Robibar (It's Sunday)

Filmography

 * Aaj Robibar (1996)
 * Himu (1994)

title: Himu (character)


text:
Ronald Fields

Ronald Fields (born September 13, 1981) is a former American football nose tackle. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the fifth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Mississippi State.

He was also a member of the Denver Broncos, Miami Dolphins, and Carolina Panthers.

College career
Ronald Fields attended Mississippi State University, where he played nose guard, won first-team All-SEC accolades, and finished his career with one sack, 172 tackles (16.5 for losses), six quarterback hurries, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. He majored in teaching and coaching.

San Francisco 49ers
Fields was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the fifth round (137th overall) in the 2005 NFL Draft. In his rookie season he played in four games recording seven tackles. He made his NFL debut versus the Seattle Seahawks on November 20. In 2006, he played in 13 games and finished the campaign with a career high 28 tackles. He also started his first game versus the San Diego Chargers. In 2007, he recorded 21 tackles as well as his first career sack against the Arizona Cardinals.

Denver Broncos
On March 2, 2009, Fields signed a two-year contract with the Denver Broncos. He was their starting nose tackle for the year 2009. However, he was succeeded by another player the following year.

Miami Dolphins
Fields signed with the Miami Dolphins on July 31, 2011, but was released on September 3.

Carolina Panthers
Fields signed with the Carolina Panthers on September 13, 2011. He was waived on November 8.

Personal life
Fields is a cousin of defensive tackle Kenderick Allen.

title: Ronald Fields


text:
England Hockey

England Hockey is the national governing body for the sport of field hockey in England. There are separate governing bodies for the sport in the other parts of the United Kingdom.

History and organisation
England Hockey was formed on 1 January 2003 to replace the English Hockey Association (EHA) which had had to suspend operations 2002 because of significant financial problems. The English Hockey Association had in turn been formed in 1996 to combine the function of the separate governing bodies for men's, women's and mixed hockey. Following the demise of the EHA, England's international hockey was for a time managed through a separate limited company called World Class Hockey Limited, which was funded entirely by Sport England. These operations were merged back into England Hockey on 1 July 2005. The second tier of hockey administration in England consists of five regional associations: East, Midlands, North, South and West, and county associations below.

England Hockey is affiliated to the European Hockey Federation and International Hockey Federation. It runs a number of competitions, including the English Hockey League.

While UK hockey is organised by separate bodies for each of the home nations, the United Kingdom is required to enter a combined team in the Olympics. This has created tensions between the governing bodies and those responsible for the Great Britain teams. However the women's team have been performing well, winning a bronze at the Olympic Games in London 2012 and most recently the gold at the Olympic Games on Rio in 2016.

Current England Squad
The current England Men and England Women Hockey teams train at Bisham Abbey National Sport Centre just outside Marlow.

Clubs
Over 841 clubs across England and the Channel Islands affiliate to England Hockey. The Hockey seasons for clubs are split into the Winter season running from mainly from September to April and the Summer season running from May to August.

New National Hockey Stadium
Following the success in London 2012, the new national stadium for Hockey relocated 500 yards to the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis centre. The first rate facilities at the £30million Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre include two hockey pitches capable of seating 3,000 and can be scaled up to 15,000 with temporary overlay. Lee Valley has already hosted the European Hockey Championships in 2015 and the Women's Champions Trophy Event in 2016, The Men's World League Round 3 in 2017 and the Hockey Women's World Cup in 2018 will also be staged here.

Until early 2009, England Hockey was based at the former, purpose-built, former England National Hockey Stadium in Milton Keynes, but the cost of running the stadium was one of the factors that led to the demise of the English Hockey Association. The ground was leased to Wimbledon (later Milton Keynes Dons) football club in 2003 and has not been used for hockey since then. On 17 December 2009, demolition of the stadium began, the site is now used for a new national HQ for Network Rail.

Competitions
England Hockey runs a series of senior competitions over the course of a year:

 * Leagues
 * Men's England Hockey League
 * Women's England Hockey League
 * Women's Outdoor
 * England Hockey Women's Championship Cup
 * Investec Women's Trophy
 * Investec Women's Vase
 * Women's Second XI Cup
 * Women's Second XI Plate
 * Men's Outdoor
 * England Hockey Men's Championship Cup
 * NOW: Pensions Men's Trophy
 * NOW: Pensions Men's Vase
 * Men's Second XI Cup
 * Men's Second XI Plate
 * Mixed Outdoor
 * Mixed Trophy
 * Mixed Plate
 * Men's Senior County Championships
 * Indoor
 * Maxinutrition Hockey 5s Championships

In addition to these, there are also several indoor and outdoor junior competitions for both schools and clubs, as well as masters' competitions for over 45s.

Board of directors

 * Chief Executive Officer - Nick Pink
 * Commercial Director - Jonathan Cockroft
 * Development Director - Richard Beer
 * Finance & Administration Director - Ian Wilson
 * Performance Director - Ed Barney

title: England Hockey


text:
Talk:Contact rapist

''The original version of this article was taken from the public domain article "The Art of Interrogating Rapists" in the January 1995 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. See http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1989-1995/leb89-95.htm for source.''

title: Talk:Contact rapist