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Austrian Civil War

The Austrian Civil War (Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg) of 12–15 February 1934, also known as the February Uprising (Februaraufstand) or the February Fights (Februarkämpfe), was a series of clashes in the First Austrian Republic between the forces of the authoritarian right-wing government of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Republican Protection League (Republikanischer Schutzbund), the banned paramilitary arm of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria. The fighting started when League members fired on the Austrian police who were attempting to enter the Social Democrats' party headquarters in Linz to search for weapons. It spread from there to Vienna and other industrial centres in eastern and central Austria. The superior numbers and firepower of the Austrian police and Federal Army quickly put an end to the uprising. The overall death toll is estimated at 350.

The socialists' defeat led to arrests, executions and the banning of the Social Democratic Party. In May 1934, Austria's democratic constitution was replaced by the Austrofascist constitution of the Federal State of Austria, with the Fatherland Front as the only legal party.

Background
After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in October 1918, the Republic of Austria formed as a parliamentary democracy. Two major factions dominated politics in the new country: socialists (politically represented by the Social Democratic Workers' Party) and conservatives (represented by the Christian Social Party). The socialists had their strongholds in the working-class districts of the cities, while the conservatives built on support from the rural population and most of the upper class. The conservatives also maintained close ties to the Catholic Church.

In the late 1920s the polarised political situation in Austria was exacerbated by paramilitary units such as the Home Guard (Heimwehr) on the right and the Republican Protection League (Republikanischer Schutzbund) of the Social Democrats (SDAPÖ) on the left. By the start of the civil war the Heimwehr were openly fascist and opposed democracy, while the Republican Protection League saw itself as a protector of the Austrian Republic holding the Austromarxist position on the dictatorship of the proletariat that was pro-democracy as part of the Social Democrats' party program. The still small Austrian Nazi Party had its SA and SS, which were also organized as paramilitary units.

July Revolt and suspension of Parliament
Political antagonisms in Austria escalated in 1927 when members of the right-wing Front Fighters' Union (Frontkämpfervereinigung) in Schattendorf (Burgenland) shot and killed two people, including a child, during a demonstration by the Republic Protection League. In the trial of the Schattendorf case, the jury acquitted the alleged perpetrators. On 15 July 1927, the day after the verdict, the SDAPÖ's leadership was not able to control the demonstrations of an outraged crowd. During the July Revolt, the Vienna Palace of Justice was stormed and set on fire. After police guardrooms were also attacked, the police president, Johannes Schober, gave orders to disperse the demonstrators with armed force. People who were trying to flee as well as some who were not involved in the demonstration were caught in the police fire. The result was 89 dead, including four policemen, and 1,000 wounded.

The problems facing the First Republic worsened in the following years. The Great Depression resulted in high unemployment, and after Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, Nazi sympathisers who wanted unification of Austria with Germany threatened the Austrian state from within.

On 4 March 1933, Engelbert Dollfuss, the Christian Social chancellor, suspended the Austrian Parliament. In a close vote on railway workers' wages in the National Council, each of the three presidents of parliament tactically resigned from their positions to cast a ballot, which left nobody to preside over the meeting. Even though the bylaws could have resolved the situation, Dollfuss used the opportunity to declare that Parliament had ceased to function and then blocked all attempts to reconvene it. Police forces barricaded the parliament building to prevent members from entering. The SDAPÖ thus lost its primary platform for political action. The Christian Socialists, facing pressure and violence not only from the left but also from Nazis infiltrating from Germany, were able to rule by decree on the basis of a 1917 emergency law. They began to suspend civil liberties and imprison members of the Social Democratic Party.

In the wake of armed conflicts, the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) was banned on 26 May 1933, as was the SDAPÖ's Republican Protection League on the 31st.

Dollfuss, the Fatherland Front and the Heimwehr then set about the destruction of the last remnants of the Social Democratic and Marxist-oriented workers' movement. On 24 January 1934, the order went out to search party buildings and members' homes for weapons belonging to the Protection League. The leaders of the SDAPÖ did not respond to the step-by-step disempowerment and disarming of their movement. Their cornerstone policy allowed them to fight only if the party were banned, the unions dissolved or the government of "Red Vienna" suppressed.

Civil War
In the early morning hours of 12 February 1934, when police went to search for weapons at the Linz party headquarters of the Social Democrats in the Hotel Schiff, the members of the Protection League, under their local commander Richard Bernaschek, opened fire. A coded telegram to him from the SDAPÖ's leaders that warned him urgently against any action and instructed him to await the decision of party leadership had been intercepted by the authorities and never reached him. The fighting spread to other cities and towns in Austria. In Vienna, members of the Protection League barricaded themselves in city council housing estates (Gemeindebauten), which served as symbols and strongholds for the socialist movement in Austria. Police and paramilitaries took up positions outside the fortified complexes, and the parties exchanged small arms fire. Fighting also occurred in industrial towns including Steyr, Sankt Pölten, Weiz, Eggenberg (Graz), Kapfenberg, Bruck an der Mur, Graz, Ebensee, and Wörgl.

A decisive moment in the conflict came when the Austrian armed forces, which had remained a comparatively independent institution, entered on the side of the government. Dollfuss ordered Karl-Marx-Hof, a council housing estate, to be shelled with light artillery, endangering the lives of civilians and destroying many flats before the socialist fighters surrendered. The fighting ended in Vienna and Upper Austria by 13 February, but continued in Styrian cities, especially in Bruck an der Mur and Judenburg, until 14 February. By 15 February 1934, the Austrian Civil War had ended.

The police, Army and Heimwehr divisions that supported them had defeated the poorly networked Protection League relatively easily. Between 10,000 and 20,000 workers stood against a superior force of almost 60,000 men from the gendarmerie and police, the Army and home defence forces. Besides the imbalance in numbers and the Austrian Army's use of artillery, the major reason for the uprising's collapse was likely the failure of the call for a general strike to be heeded. The hoped-for solidarity of law enforcement with the insurgents also did not come about. The Army, police and gendarmerie all remained loyal to the state.

In large parts of the country, (Lower Austria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol, Vorarlberg and Burgenland) complete calm prevailed. Leading Social Democrats in Carinthia and Vorarlberg distanced themselves at the outset from the uprising. The mayor of Klagenfurt and the deputy governor of Carinthia announced their resignations from the SDAPÖ.

Austria, or even just Vienna, was far from being in a state of complete turmoil. The daily newspapers of the time had only short reports on the revolts. Stefan Zweig, a contemporary observer who was inclined towards the SDAPÖ, wrote: "I was in Vienna during those historic February days and saw nothing of the decisive events that played out in Vienna and knew nothing, not the slightest bit, while they were happening. Cannons were fired, houses occupied, hundreds of corpses carried away – I saw not a single one. ... In the city's central districts, everything went on as quietly and regularly as usual, while in the suburbs the battle raged, and we foolishly believed the official reports that everything was already settled and done with."

Short term
The Dollfuss government published a statement on 1 March 1934 reporting that 193 civilians had been killed and 493 wounded in the fighting, while among the police and Army there were 104 dead and 309 wounded. Analyses by later researchers vary widely, going as high as British journalist George Eric Rowe Gedye's estimate of 2,000 dead and 5,000 wounded. According to a comprehensive 2018 study by historian Kurt Bauer, between 350 and 370 people lost their lives in the fighting – about 130 of them uninvolved civilians and 110 each among the government forces and members of the Protection League. The largest number of deaths – about 200 to 220 – were in Vienna.

On 11 November 1933, all of Austria had been placed under martial law, during which the death penalty was reintroduced for certain crimes. An emergency decree of 12 February 1934 extended the list to rebellion, so that Protection League members who had been taken prisoner while armed (estimated at around 10,000) could be sentenced to death. The defendants were tried within three days in abbreviated procedures by summary courts consisting of four professional judges.

The summary courts condemned 24 people to death, of whom 15 were pardoned. Nine men, some of them prominent members of the Protection League, were executed. Carrying out the death sentences was controversial even among those in the government who were responsible for it. Heimwehr leader Ernst Starhemberg saw it as a shameful act of revenge and without sense, while Emil Fey, also a leader in the Heimwehr, insisted on the executions. Pleas for clemency from Cardinal Theodor Innitzer and the Holy See were ignored. The detention camp at Wöllersdorf, which opened in the fall of 1933 for opponents of the regime – initially mostly communists and National Socialists – also held Social Democrats after February 1934.

The leadership of the SDAPÖ under Otto Bauer (the leading theoretician of Austromarxism), Julius Deutsch and others fled to Czechoslovakia on 13 February, a move that the representatives of the government exploited as propaganda.

Long term
The incidents of February 1934 were taken as a pretext by the government to ban the Social Democratic Party and its affiliated trade unions altogether. In May, the conservatives replaced the democratic constitution by a corporatist constitution modelled along the lines of Benito Mussolini's fascist Italy, for which the socialists coined the term Austrofascism. The Patriotic Front, into which the Heimwehr and the Christian Social Party were merged, became the only legal political party in the resulting authoritarian regime, the Federal State of Austria. The government found itself isolated domestically because the Social Democrats – above all due to the death sentences that had been carried out – turned away from the state and either called for open resistance using such means as leaflets or went into a kind of inner emigration. In his speech during the 1936 Sozialistenprozess of 28 people accused of violating the ban on the SDAPÖ, Bruno Kreisky (who was himself on trial) alluded to the issue: It is also possible that in a difficult moment, the government will have to call on the broad masses of the people to defend the borders. But only a democratic Austria will respond to such a summons. Only free citizens will fight against the gagging of Austria. In detention centres and prisons of the Second Republic, Social Democrats and National Socialists come into contact with one another. For both, Austrofascism was the enemy. The common ground was to affect the political assessments of former National Socialists after World War II.

With a greater passage of time it became clear that Austria's ability to resist National Socialism was decidedly weakened by the Austrian Civil War and its consequences. By later estimates, only about a third of the Austrian population supported the dictatorial state.

After the Second World War, when Austria reemerged on the political landscape as a sovereign nation, politics again fell under the domination of the Social Democrats and the conservatives, the latter in the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). To avoid repeating the bitter divisions of the First Republic, leaders of the Second Republic of Austria were determined to promote the principle of a broad consensus as a core element of the new political system. They introduced the concept of the Grand coalition in which the two major parties shared the government and avoided open confrontation. The new system brought with it stability and continuity.

title: Austrian Civil War


text:
User talk:Igottlieb

Welcome!

Hi, I saw you over on Donald Barthelme -- welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Igottlieb


text:
Fire Pro Wrestling

Fire Pro Wrestling (ファイヤープロレスリング) is a professional wrestling video game series originating from Japan, started in 1989 by Human Entertainment, and currently developed and owned by Spike Chunsoft. The series is distinguished by its grappling system, which is primarily based on timed button presses and strategy. Another signature feature of the series is its Edit mode, a character creation feature with many options to customize appearances, wrestling moves and character artificial intelligence behavior.

Unlike many other pro wrestling games, most Fire Pro games are not licensed by any major professional wrestling promotion, but feature likenesses of real-life wrestlers under different names. Games in the series generally utilize 2-D sprite-based graphics, with some later games incorporating 3D graphical elements. Most of the titles in the Fire Pro Wrestling series have originally been released in Japan, although some of the games have seen releases in North America and worldwide.

Series features
Unlike many other pro wrestling games, most games in the Fire Pro Wrestling series are not licensed by any major professional wrestling promotion, but feature likenesses of real-life wrestlers under different names. Games in the series generally utilize 2-D sprite-based graphics, with some later games incorporating 3-D graphical elements. The spin-off series King of Colosseum features polygonal 3-D graphics.

The Fire Pro Wrestling series of games distinguish themselves from other wrestling games by combining several unique features. One feature is the focus on a timing-based grappling control system. The grappling control system encourages the use of complex strategy, built on working up to using increasingly powerful moves on the player's opponent. The timing-based system also stands in contrast to the button-mashing tactics with which most 2-D wrestling gamers and fighting gamers are familiar.

Another feature of Fire Pro Wrestling games is the inclusion of a large roster of playable wrestlers and fighters from different promotions located around the world. The wrestlers and promotions are renamed from their real-life counterparts to avoid issues with copyright, and represent many different styles of professional wrestling: North American WWE style sports-entertainment, Mexican lucha-libre, various styles of Japanese puroresu: athletic junior-heavyweight style, realistic strong-style, women's joshi wrestling, and violent hardcore wrestling, as well as different styles of other combat sports.

A variety of match types are available in the Fire Pro Wrestling series of games, with flexible settings for the rules within each match. This complements the variety of wrestlers available as playable characters. Different match types include conventional singles and tag-team wrestling matches, extreme hardcore matches such as the "Landmine Death Match" or "Electric Barbed Wire Cage Match", and various types of combat sports matches.

Another distinguishing feature of the Fire Pro Wrestling games, particularly the later games in the series, is the inclusion of an extensive and highly detailed wrestler creation and edit mode. The edit mode of Fire Pro Wrestling games allows players to build game characters with a high level of attention to detail. Appearance characteristics, such as clothing and ring attire, and physical build, head and facial features, can be customized for a created wrestler. A detailed set of wrestling and fighting moves, drawn from the large pool of moves contained in each game, can also be assigned to a created wrestler. The edit mode also allows players to make detailed changes to the CPU logic of an edited wrestler, making it possible for a skilled creator to create a wrestler that behaves very much like his real-life counterpart, even when controlled by the computer.

Later titles in the series allowed for customization of other aspects of professional wrestling, including changing the design of the ring mat and apron, creating customized championship belts, and creation and editing of referees. The detailed character creation and edit mode of the Fire Pro Wrestling games became an influential feature that was eventually added to other wrestling and sports games.

The combination of features included in Fire Pro Wrestling games allows players to create "dream matchups" between wrestlers from different promotions, or different eras in the history of professional wrestling, as well as matches between real-life wrestlers and fighters, fictional characters and non-wrestling athletes and celebrities.

Overview
Beginning with the first title in the series from Human Entertainment, Fire Pro Wrestling Combination Tag for PC Engine in 1989, the Fire Pro Wrestling series eventually produced editions of games for many systems, notably the Super Famicom, Sega Saturn, Game Boy Advance, Dreamcast and the PlayStation 2. Human also released a wrestling game outside of the series in 1989 for Game Boy. Titled Pro Wrestling in its native Japan, it was released internationally as HAL Wrestling. Most of the titles in the Fire Pro Wrestling series have been released exclusively in Japan, although some of the games have seen releases in North America.

The series became popular in Japan, but did not see an official international release until after Spike took over the franchise in 2000. Early games in the series were popular outside Japan with import gamers, and at least one game, Super Fire Pro Wrestling X Premium for Super Famicom, received an unofficial fan translation through video game console emulators. Fire Pro Wrestling A for the Game Boy Advance was released internationally as Fire Pro Wrestling in 2001, and was one of the titles initially available when the Game Boy Advance was launched in Japan and North America. Four editions of the game have received official English translations: Fire Pro Wrestling (2001) and Fire Pro Wrestling 2 (2002) for the GBA, Fire Pro Wrestling Returns for PS2 (2007), and Fire Pro Wrestling World for the Steam PC platform (2017) and PS4 (2018).

A 3-D avatar-based version of Fire Pro Wrestling for the Xbox 360 was released in 2012. In hopes of appealing to a more casual audience, the developers decided on debuting a new gameplay engine that would use a button-mashing minigame system to perform moves, and not using the well-reviewed timing elements from previous versions of the game.

Spike Chunsoft developed another installment, titled Fire Pro Wrestling World, returning the series to its roots, in terms of graphical presentation and gameplay mechanics. Also, the new game was the first in the series to incorporate online multiplayer gameplay on the PC via Steam and the PlayStation 4 console. Fire Pro Wrestling World was released on Steam for the PC platform in 2017. The PlayStation 4 version was released in 2018. The game was licensed by New Japan Pro-Wrestling, making Fire Pro Wrestling World the first title in the series to be licensed by the promotion, and the first NJPW-licensed game in over eleven years.

title: Fire Pro Wrestling


text:
User talk:Deckers~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Angr/undefined 19:58, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Deckers. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Deckers~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:01, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Deckers~enwiki


text:
USS LST-374

USS LST-374 was one of over 1,000 tank landing ships (LSTs) built for the United States Navy during World War II.

Laid down on 12 November 1942 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem Steel Company; launched on 19 January 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Victor D. Herbster; and commissioned on 29 January 1943.

Service history
During World War II, LST-374 participated in the Allied invasion of Sicily in July and August 1943 and the invasion of Normandy in June 1944.

Decommissioned 29 May 1945 at Baltimore, Maryland, the ship was redesignated USS Minerva (ARL-47) 29 May 1945. Conversion to a landing craft repair ship commenced on 30 May 1945 at the Maryland Drydock Company of Baltimore; the conversion was subsequently canceled 11 September 1945 and the ship reverted to LST-374. Struck from the Naval Vessel Register 12 March 1946, the tank landing ship was sold to A. G. Schoonmaker for conversion to merchant service 14 January 1947.

LST-374 earned two battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS LST-374


text:
User:Kitesailor

Profile
Hi there. I'm Kitesailor. I like explaining technical information in clear, easy-to-understand language. I take photographs too. Some fields I'm interested in:

 * Molecular biology
 * Literature
 * Watergate
 * Sailing
 * Tall ships
 * The 18th century Royal Navy
 * Hurricanes (and weather in general)
 * Railroads and shipping
 * Infrastructure of all kinds

title: User:Kitesailor


text:
David Heinemeier Hansson

David Heinemeier Hansson is a Danish programmer and racing driver. As a programmer, he is the creator of Ruby on Rails, a software framework for web development. He is also a partner and chief technology officer at the web-based software development firm 37signals.

Hansson co-wrote Agile Web Development with Rails with Dave Thomas in 2005 as part of The Facets of Ruby Series. He also co-wrote Getting Real, Rework, Remote, and It Doesn't Have to Be Crazy at Work with Jason Fried.

Programming career
In 1999, Hansson founded and built a Danish online gaming news website and community called Daily Rush, which he ran until 2001. After attracting the attention of Jason Fried by offering him help with PHP coding, Hansson was hired by Fried to build a web-based project management tool, which ultimately became 37signals' Basecamp software as a service product. To aid the development process, Hansson used the then-relatively obscure Ruby programming language to develop a custom web framework. He released the framework separately from the project management tool in 2004 as the open source project Ruby on Rails. In 2005, Hansson was recognized by Google and O'Reilly with the "Hacker of the Year" award for his creation of Ruby on Rails. After graduating from the Copenhagen Business School and receiving his bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Business Administration, Hansson moved from Denmark to Chicago, Illinois, U.S. in November 2005.

Racing career
David Heinemeier Hansson lists photography and race car driving amongst his many hobbies. He took part in the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans driving for OAK Racing. He also drove a Morgan-Nissan P2 car for Conquest Racing in the American Le Mans Series (ALMS), winning two races in the season. Heinemeier Hansson joined OAK Racing full-time in 2013, taking five 2nd-place finishes to finish 2nd in the Trophy for LMP2 Drivers. During the 2017 24 Hours of Le Mans post-race technical checks, certain irregularities were detected on the Vaillante Rebellion team's #13 Oreca 07-Gibson, resulting in the car's disqualification.

In July 2010 it was revealed that Heinemeier Hansson was the person that had commissioned the one-off Pagani Zonda HH supercar. He also commissioned the Koenigsegg Agera HH, which was sold in 2022 to Houston Crosta, a YouTube video creator in Las Vegas. It has now been sold to car spotting YouTuber, "TheStradman". Heinemeier Hansson also purchased an Aston Martin Valkyrie.

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
† As Heinemeier Hansson was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

Complete European Le Mans Series results
(Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

 * Season still in progress.

WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results
(Races in bold indicate pole position, Results are overall/class) † Points only counted towards the Michelin Endurance Cup, and not the overall LMP2 Championship.

Recognition

 * 2005: Won Best Hacker of the Year 2005 at OSCON from Google and O'Reilly for the work on Rails.
 * 2006: Accepted the Jolt Award of product excellence for Rails 1.0.
 * 2012: Named ALMS Rookie of the year.

title: David Heinemeier Hansson


text:
PBO

PBO may refer to:

Government

 * Parliamentary Budget Office, in the federal government of Australia
 * Parliamentary Budget Officer, a Canadian civil servant
 * Projected benefit obligation, a specially defined pension obligation under US-GAAP

Sciences

 * Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
 * Zylon, or Polybenzobisoxazole, a polymer
 * Piperonyl butoxide, a pesticide synergist

Places

 * Peterborough railway station (National Rail code: PBO)
 * Paraburdoo Airport, Paraburdoo, Australia (IATA airport code: PBO)
 * Pine Bluff Observatory, an astronomical observatory in Wisconsin, USA
 * Plate Boundary Observatory, a geodetic observatory in the western United States
 * Portland Bird Observatory, a wildlife observatory on the Isle of Portland, in Dorset, UK

Programming

 * Pixel buffer objects, used for asynchronous pixel transfer operations in OpenGL

People

 * Push Button Objects, a producer of experimental hip-hop
 * President Barack Obama, former president of the United States

Video games

 * Packed Bohemia Object, a data file used in the war games developed by Bohemia Interactive Studio

Computing

 * Precision Boost Overdrive, a technology by AMD for processor overclocking

Other uses

 * Pinoy Box Office, a Filipino cable channel
 * Public Benefit Organization, a type of charity or non-profit organization
 * Paperback original, a book originally published as paperback
 * Pin Bones Out, a type of fish fillet
 * Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra

title: PBO


text:
Vagn Åkesson

Vagn Åkesson was a Norseman of the late 10th century, mentioned in the Jómsvíkinga saga. At the age of 12, Vagn, a warrior, applied for admission to the mercenary brotherhood of the Jomsvikings. According to the Jómsvíkinga saga, Vagn was the son of Aki, a son of the Jomsviking chieftain Palnatoke. Intrigued by the courage displayed by Vagn, his grandfather Palnatoke allowed him (after first attempting to dissuade him) to prove his worth with a duel against Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson, whom Vagn defeated. He was admitted to the order despite the Jomsviking rule that no man under the age of 18 be allowed to join.

Palnatoke adopted Vagn, who is described as one of the most fearless of the Jomsvikings, as a sort of protégé. Vagn's courage stand in sharp contrast to the pragmatism (some would say cowardice) displayed by Sigvaldi. After Palnatoke's death, Sigvaldi became leader of the order. At the Battle of Hjörungavágr, he ordered a retreat, an order which Vagn angrily refused to obey. According to the saga, Vagn even threw his spear in Sigvaldi's direction, but missed. Vagn managed to survive the battle with honor and was spared by Eiríkr Hákonarson, while Sigvaldi became the object of ridicule.

title: Vagn Åkesson


text:
User:Bota47

This is a bot run by cs:Wikipedista:Li-sung. It adds and corrects interwiki links.

If you have any questions, you can write to my enwiki talk page User_talk:Li-sung or to my home wiki talk page cs:Wikipedista diskuse:Li-sung.

title: User:Bota47


text:
User:ItaBert-25

Welcome

title: User:ItaBert-25


text: User talk:81.77.35.109

title: User talk:81.77.35.109


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cathedral City (cheese)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus to delete, content has been merged with Dairy Crest -- Francs2000 | Talk 01:27, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Cathedral City (cheese)
Delete Cathedral City is a brand name for a cheddar cheese, see http://www.dairycrest.co.uk/opb/cheese/cathedralcity.shtml

Despite its manufacturer's hype, there are many many brands of cheddar, and this particular brand has no particular reason to be included and described as a "type" of cheese. Its not. If there was more content on this page, or some prospect of there being so, it might be a more reasonable entry.Francis Davey 20:06, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I have made a mistake with the listing for deletion process. Hopefully some kind person will help me out. For a dyslexic person it was almost impossible to follow the process. Francis Davey 20:08, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems you did alright to me. Don't worry it gets easier after the 3rd or 4th one. Anyway, if it's just a brand name then delete. Too many consumer products in wikipedia already. -R. fiend 20:31, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete spam. Flowerparty 21:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable (due to high market penetration & history) British brand name from a very large public company. Suggest it is expanded. Jasoncart 22:50, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Its only 9% of the cheddar market http://www.sharecast.com/cgi-bin/sharecast/story.cgi?story_id=143815 does that really merit inclusion? I thought it was a fairly recent brand of any significance. Certainly doesn't have the fame of (say) "Gold" and "Country Life" other brands of the same country. Any evidence on the history? Francis Davey 19:33, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 04:43, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep yes it is a brand name but it is very notable in the UK. -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 22:17, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. Seems like this is a brand that could easly be include in Dairy Crest's article.  I would also support changing the Cathedral City redirect to a DAB so that the merged information can be found.  If the article seemed like it could have been expanded I would gladly have voted keep.  Vegaswikian 00:55, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Dairy Crest with redirect to a disambiguation, per Vegaswikian. Aecis 15:08, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VSPAN

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 19:35, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

VSPAN
transwikied, listed here. humblefool® 20:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete The term refers to a feature of a Cisco Systems product. Not encyclopedic. Buuneko 10:19, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/VSPAN


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User talk:ItaBert-25

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Viajero 16:50, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:ItaBert-25


text:
Peace of Mind (Boston song)

"Peace of Mind" is a song by American rock band Boston, written by Tom Scholz. It was on their 1976 self-titled debut, and was released the next year as the third and final single from the album. It peaked at number 38 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1977, as well as number 33 on the Cash Box Top 100. It received substantial radio airplay, both upon the initial release of the Boston album and subsequently, and has been described as a "rock-radio staple".

Writing and recording
"Peace of Mind" is one of six songs, five of which eventually appeared on the Boston album, that Scholz worked on in his basement in 1974 and 1975, before Boston got its record contract. The demo was finished in 1974. The drum parts were originally developed by Jim Masdea, although Sib Hashian played the drums on the official release. According to Ultimate Classic Rock critic Michael Gallucci, the demo version was "fully formed" and so the album version did not change much except for "[amping] up the guitars and production".

Lyrics and music
The song is about the people Scholz worked with at the Polaroid Corporation before getting his recording contract, and about Scholz's lack of interest in climbing the corporate ladder into company management. Dick Nusser of Billboard described the theme of the song being that "Competition and a corporate slot aren't the only choices. Better to turn on, tune in and seek 'Peace Of Mind.'" According to music journalist Chuck Eddy, the lyrics argue that it is unhealthy for people to compete with each other. Paul Elliott commented on the lyrics' "positivity," exhorting people to look past their mundane life to "find deeper meaning". He also noted the song's "uplifting quality," expressed through "its freewheeling riff, its rich melody and dazzling vocal harmonies". AXS contributor Craig James describes the theme as being "that it is better to make music and being at peace with yourself is better than corporate aspirations." Vanyaland's Daniel Brockman found irony in the refrain, "I understand about indecision, and I don't care if I get behind/People living in competition, all I want is to have my peace of mind," noting that this was a hit single premised on lyrics stating that one shouldn't take their career too seriously. Mojo magazine cited the lyrics as presenting an alternate view of the American Dream to that described in another song from the Boston album, "Hitch a Ride".

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History described the song as being "built around soaring guitars, tight vocal harmonies, and huge hooks," which were part of the band's appeal. Boston lead singer Brad Delp cited "Peace of Mind" as an example of how Scholz was able to combine the vocal harmonies of the Beach Boys with the heavy guitar sound of Led Zeppelin. Rolling Stone commented on how the guitars "feel epic" but also "delicate and intimate". Tom Moon cited "Peace of Mind" and "Long Time" as examples to illustrate how Scholz varied his guitar effects for each Boston song, stating that "Peace of Mind" has a "grittier, less airbrushed attack".

The song is among the earliest ones in popular music to use vi–IV–I–V chord progression, a variant of I–V–vi–IV progression, widely popular in modern Western music.

Reception
Cash Box said "this might be [Boston's] best yet as far as all pop radio stations are concerned, since the record maintains an acoustical feeling despite the electronic thunderbolts crashing in the distance." Record World said that "The guitar work and Delp's soaring vocal again stand out." Rolling Stone Album Guide critic Paul Evans called "Peace of Mind" a "satisfying, if similar, followup" to "More Than a Feeling". Scott Tady of Beaver County Times described "Peace of Mind" as one of the songs that "helped set the foundation for classic-rock radio". Eric Deggans wrote that "Bouncy, slick tracks such as "More Than a Feeling" and "Peace of Mind" defined new parameters for rock radio during the 70s, with soaring vocals searing guitars and trite lyrics." Jamie Reno of San Diego magazine described it as an "infectious flick-your Bic staple". MTV's Gil Kaufman similarly described the song as a "rock-radio staple". Brockman called it "one of the most overplayed songs in rock history" but praised Delp's singing, particularly his vulnerability and sincerity, making Brockman believe that Delp really believed the words of the refrain. Los Angeles Times critic Robert Hilburn criticized the "marginal" lyrics that he described as "a tedious outcry against the commercial 'rat race'" and said it has the "lilting, but somewhat sterile exuberance of the early Doobie Brothers."

Gallucci rated it Boston's fifth greatest song, particularly praising the "fuzzy guitar riff" and noting that it has remained a classic rock radio staple. Elliott and Craig both rated it even higher, as Boston's second greatest song behind only "More Than a Feeling". Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian also rated it as Boston's second-best song, saying that he would have rated it number one "if it were not for the sentimentality of the impact that "More Than A Feeling" had on generation." SingersRoom critic Edward Tomlin also rated it as Boston's second-best song, calling it "a classic rock anthem that showcases the band’s signature sound of guitar harmonies and layered vocals" and "powerful guitar solos and catchy chorus." Guitar World magazine selected "Peace of Mind" as one of their 50 greatest rock songs of all time.

Boston

 * Tom Scholz – acoustic and electric rhythm guitar, lead guitar, bass
 * Sib Hashian – drums
 * Brad Delp – vocals

In popular culture

 * The song is featured in the enhanced versions of the 2013 game Grand Theft Auto V on the in-game radio station, Los Santos Rock Radio.
 * The song is used in Supernatural for its first season episode "Hook Man" at the end of the episode.

Covers
"Peace of Mind" was covered by Stryper on their 2009 Murder by Pride album. Tom Scholz also played guitar on that track. Allmusic critic James Christopher Monger described Stryper's version as "a choice cover of the Boston classic".

title: Peace of Mind (Boston song)


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File:Alien Breed cover art.jpg

Source: http://exotica.fix.no

Original uploader information

 * 20:01, 22 July 2005 . . ADeveria (Talk | contribs) . . 786×944 (171,606 bytes) (Found here: http://exotica.fix.no )

title: File:Alien Breed cover art.jpg


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Adscript

Adscript (from Latin ad, "on" or "to", and scribere, "to write") means something written after, as opposed to subscript which means written under.

title: Adscript


text:
User talk:Al Clark

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in editing pages or creating new ones: How to edit a page, Tutorial, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should probably read our policies at some point too.

But don't feel you have to read every policy document before you do anything. Dive in, be bold in editing, and if you do anything wrong, someone will be quick to correct it and let you know (hopefully, politely!)

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

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Again, welcome! -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 20:02, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

Hobbit Day
Thanks for fixing the repeated title. That was sloppy of me. Dsmouse 14:26, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for September 24
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title: User talk:Al Clark


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mark Joyner Construct Zero

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY DELETED, but by User:Seglea. -Splash 02:57, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Mark Joyner Construct Zero
Original research. These constructs have no google presence outside of http://www.markjoyner.name and don't seem to be well-known DJ Clayworth 20:03, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research. Thue | talk 20:49, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, original researchspam. --Idont Havaname 23:54, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 04:44, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this original research. -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:05, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cacat

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Eugene van der Pijll 19:33, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Cacat
This article is, um, cacat. humblefool® 20:03, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete foreign dicdef. Almost a speedy candidate with its lack of content. JamesBurns 04:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef at best. Gblaz 15:34, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cacat


text:
Talk:Debugging

JTAG, microcontrollers
There should be a mention of e.g. JTAG -interface. Perhaps a connection to microcontrollers and such also. --Korppi 01:23, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Illustration
The illustration should really be C or C++ code, not html. Minor point but that's the geek in me. Nils Jeppe 10:12, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

I agree, and also, why is it simply a picture of code with syntax highlighting? How about showing a picture of an actual debugger running? Perhaps GDB?

I also agree and I have removed it. Something like a command line debugger stepping through a program would be much more relevant. --Avochelm 04:01, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Origin
The word debugging and the word bug are not the same.

Some time ago I added a reference in the "origin" section of this article with the first definition of the word debugging by Myers in 1974. I have not seen any references to the words debug or debugging that are earlier than that. Does anyone know of one?

There are much earlier references to the word bug - the famous Admiral Hopper story in the 1940s and a much earlier reference by Edison in 1878. Fine, but neither reference uses the word debugging so surely they belong in the "Computer bug" article not in this article. Any comments?

Neilm 11:38, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I noticed the edit to the article and revised it before I saw this comment. I noticed the same thing you did.  Hopefully my edit is close to what you would have done.  Feel free to tweak my tweak. ;^) wrp103 (Bill Pringle) 12:55, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you, your edits have made this section into one with a much better NPOV. I did tweak it, but just for minor clarification. Neilm 20:10, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Tools (2nd paragraph)
It is not true that exception handling makes debugging easier. And it is not true, that for example C++ is easier to debug than C because of the existance of exceptions.--09:09, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If you have exception handling, you can automatically print out valuable information any time an error occurs. Without it, you have to insert such print outs before the error occurs, which means you have to insert a lot of statements or wait until one occurs and then add the statements (or figure it out from the nature of the error). wrp103 (Bill Pringle) 10:30, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not a handbook
The latter part of the article seems to be a series of debugging tips and instructions, addressed at the reader. That's WP:NOT what wikipedia's about. --대조 | Talk 10:57, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I already moved this part to Wikibooks. Dekart (talk) 08:15, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Debugging is tiring?
"Debugging is, in general, a cumbersome and tiring task [...]"

This is nonsense. Debugging is neither unwieldy nor inelegant (these are the meanings of "cumbersome") and neither does it necessarily make it tired. Perhaps the poster meant "a time-consuming and tiresome task". I'll change the text accordingly. — Paul G (talk) 16:41, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Pros to anti-debugging?
It would be good to have some reasons why someone would want to hinder debugging a program, and perhaps a link to code obfuscation. David Souther (talk) 18:38, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
 * To protect your programs from reverse engineering. Darkaero (talk) 21:51, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Objectivity, not editorializing.
We must strive to be factual and objective, and follow all guidelines, when possible. "Easy" is purely objective, and thus cannot be seen as "factual". The editorializing under the "Tools" section is being removed. GuavaSquash (talk) 05:00, 4 July 2009 (UTC)
 * That was vandalism rather than editorializing. --Cybercobra (talk) 05:46, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

Newer Debugging Processes
Debugging functions (grouped lines of code) is problematic because the side-effect of any line can cause multiple other side effects. At exit it will be unknowable which line is offending.

Newer debugging process can step through functions and displays or edit static variables while doing so: but not edit the functions themselves. Watch for a condition is often a feature (used when such a watch would be intrusive in code even optionally, or just freely to find bug).

Higher level code like Mathematical software operates on the bases of freely writing lines and using them in any order. However this is broken when one creates a function: the dubug process again will be unknowable at exit of the function.

CreateModule helps alleviate this by automatically creating functions out of a group of lines, so that while debugging one can both truly edit lines and execute in any order "during runtime" yet not have to separately write (or cut and paste) a group of lines into a function and fun header. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sven nestle2 (talk • contribs) 22:26, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Vandalism?
I'm pretty sure the entomology of the term "debug" is not derived from some gangster/programmer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.11.145.74 (talk) 13:19, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

 * Right, it was the result of a "wave" of vandalism. — Dsimic (talk | contribs) 07:28, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

debugging second meaning
I have added the text :

Debugging is also being used by Android to mean accessing already written modules that allow a piece of software to interface with another piece of software. [1] This is thus not fixing a problem that is in poorly written software, but accessing a library to enable already properly programmed software to work. Windows and other operating systems also use this meaning of debugging as can be seen in the list of Windows debugging tools [2].

and put 2 references to show this usage. It seems to be quite common. Unfortunately often it is conflated with the first meaning in how debugging is described. One editor has removed this claiming that it is a very specific usage. I cannot see any wikipedia guideline saying that specific usage within an article makes it not relevant. I clearly have made it a second meaning - as any dictionary entry would do. I do not want a pointless edit war over someone thinking the main usage should be the only meaning listed and me finding it helpful to know why so much software is bundled with "debugging tools" - when most users are NOT programmers and find turning off or deleting these toold means their software does not work. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.115.204.102 (talk) 05:07, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It appeared to me that the first reference, https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/what-is-usb-debugging-mode-on-android-makeuseof-explains/, was not a reliable source. I've looked and I could be persuaded that it might be, however as wrote on your talk, it's a very narrow use of the term, and it's not really different that what's done by a developer using an IDE. The main difference is the sandbox for the code is on the mobile device: "developers need to enable USB debugging so they can push apps to their devices to test and interact with". It is working with the device so they can fix problems. And for the record, debugging isn't about fixing problems with poorly written code either, it's the "process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system." The code may be well written, but it still exhibits problems. This use of debugging is an extension of the term. Walter Görlitz (talk) 05:18, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you Walter. Any secondary or alternate meaning needs to be rigorously documented with impeccable sources; these aren't. Drmies (talk) 13:49, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Debugging is not just for software
The history section indicates that debugging was used outside the software realm as far back as the 1940s. In that light, I updated the lead to be less software specific, but the article is still pretty software centric. Anyone have non-software content to add? Stevebroshar (talk) 13:49, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

Deleted unit testing and integration testing
@Laiwoonsiu WRT change https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debugging&curid=24998792&diff=1223754238&oldid=1222986014 with comment ''Deleted unit testing and integration testing from debugging tactics. According to the Software Engineering article in Wikipedia, software construction “typically involves programming (a.k.a. coding), unit testing, integration testing, AND debugging”''

I do think that running tests is a debugging technique and I don't think the reason for removal is sound.

I think both unit and integration testing may or may not fall into the construction phase. Also, neither are very typically performed. So, the referenced WP article is unclear if not wrong IMO.

Further, I also don't think one article should be used as the source of truth for another.

Then again, running tests is not what most people typically think of as debugging. IMO, the current wording "debugging tactics can involve" is ambiguous and should be changed to use wording like: "debugging tactics include but are not limited to:..."

The word can is surprisingly ambiguous. Consider: You can't but too much water in a nuclear reactor. Stevebroshar (talk) 16:39, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This article is part of a series on Software development. If you disagree, you may need to review the series. -- Laiwoonsiu (talk) 13:02, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Laiwoonsiu First, you might be replying to the topic I added titled "Debugging is not just for software". I added two topics but forgot to add a title for the second so the two ran together. The second one I added to talk about your recent deletion. ... Second yikes. You're comment is a bit triggering ... Third, if this article has to be part of that series (which is course is debatable), then this article is misnamed. Should be something like "Debugging (software)". ... Fourth, what's a series? Never paid attention to that before. Does anyone? Stevebroshar (talk) 14:24, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

 * (1) I concur with renaming the Wikipedia article to “Debugging (software)”. (2) I added the quotation “Software testing is related to, but different from, ... debugging” from IEEE SWEBOK to the Wikipedia article “Software Engineering” to further justify my previous editing. -- Laiwoonsiu (talk) 10:26, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Comment, I had reverted Laiwoonsiu's move of this article to Debugging (software) because it is generally not proper to append a parenthetical disambiguating term when there is no other existing article that could have the same title. In other words, it make no sense and is no improvement to have the article at Debugging (software) leaving Debugging as a redirect to that article. older ≠ wiser 15:36, 17 May 2024 (UTC)

 * For the information of learned colleagues: in response to the statement "there is no other existing article that could have the same title", please kindly note that “debug” and “debugging” may refer to (1) Stepping (debugging), (2) .debug info, (3) Debug (command), (4) DEBUG (CONFIG.SYS directive), (5) Debug (film), (6) Debug (magazine), (7) DEBUG (tag), (8) Debug code, (9) .debug info, (10) Debug menu, (11) Debug Monitor, (12) Debug new, (13) Debug port, (14) Debug Project, (15) Debug symbol, (16) Debug With Arbitrary Record Format, (17) DebugWIRE, and many more. Just my two cents. -- Laiwoonsiu (talk) 03:21, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Most if not all of these would not use the gerund form. older ≠ wiser 10:09, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Laiwoonsiu Please drop the "learned colleagues" pretentiousness ... @Bkonrad Please drop the older/wiser pretentiousness ... WRT "generally not proper to append a parenthetical disambiguating term when there is no other existing article that could have the same title." according to who? ... but yeah, all those links are not debugging ... Here's the thing: We as a culture seem to have forgotten that bug was used long before software was a thing. Further, I have read (in this article!) that debugging is not software-specific. I think this and other articles were written with the idea that (de)bug(ging) is software-specific. ... I worked on bug (engineering) and software bug (which IMO should be Bug (software)) to clear some of this up. And now @Laiwoonsiu says that this article has to be software specific. Honestly, I don't think we have to have an article about debugging that is only about software; in fact this one isn't and wasn't before I modified it recently. I think one article on debugging is good enough and it can be mostly about software. Another option is to remove the link from the software development series (I think the series things are low value). ... but ... you both seem less than flexible. You are probably both mad at me at this point and it's just awkward. ... Taking a step back, this is about organization and I've found that humans are quite good at organizing. We all do it, but ... we all do it differently. Hard to have consensus. Stevebroshar (talk) 02:38, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @Stevebroshar: Many thanks for your neutral stand. In fact, I was only responding to your earlier statement ‘Third, if this article has to be part of that series (which is course is debatable), then this article is misnamed. Should be something like "Debugging (software)".’ I will not insist either way.

 * On the other hand, I am not overly comfortable about @Bkonrad's idea that we can have Debug (command), Debug (film), Debug (magazine), and so on, but not Debugging (software).

 * -- Laiwoonsiu (talk) 03:56, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Stevebroshar, I've used 'older≠ wiser' as my signature for the better part of the past two decades here. Sorry that you find that to be pretentious. Perhaps I am, but it's not something I think about.
 * @Laiwoonsiu, let's look at this from another perspective: if this is moved to debugging (software), what happens to debugging? If it simply redirects here, then you've gained nothing and have formed an irregular title at odds with current titling practices and guidelines on Wikipedia. Those articles you mention do not use the gerund form. One would never refer to to film as "debugging". Same for the others. Those all require some form of disambiguation because there is a primary topic for debug, namely this very article (BTW, that is known as a primary topic redirect). There is currently no other article that conflicts with the gerund form "debugging". older ≠ wiser 06:58, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @Bkonrad (Redirected from older ≠ wiser):

 * (1) There appears to be some misunderstanding about my preference between Debugging and Debugging (software). I wrote in my last response that “I will not insist either way.”

 * (2) Let us not indulge into personal viewpoints like “I am not overly comfortable”. If you are not comfortable with this clause, I am happy to withdraw it. According to Wikipedia recommendation at the beginning of this talk page, “Seek dispute resolution if needed’’.

 * (3) There are ample Wikipedia articles that require more serious reviews and corrections. An example that may be of our interest is Software Engineering. I spent quite some time correcting many technical and factual errors. Please feel free to give me any feedback.

 * Cheers, Laiwoonsiu (talk) 11:04, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Laiwoonsiu
 * 1) OK
 * 2) I'm not sure why you bring this up. Did I make any objection to that phrase of yours?
 * 3) I know next to nothing about software engineering. My concerns here are with article titling and unnecessary disambiguation. older ≠ wiser 12:09, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Bkonrad @Laiwoonsiu I stepped away from this for a few days since emotions seemed to be getting in the way. Insomnia has me awake so I'll write out some thought that've been rattling around my brain. Let's try to make progress. ... There are many constraints and they cannot all be satisfied at once. I'll try to list them all:
 * this article is part of software development series so should _only_ talk about software
 * debugging is not a software-specific term; at least not historically; but maybe today it is; who knows?
 * debugging is a gerund and that is a word form that is not normally used for an article (can we call it debug?)
 * if we change this article to debugging (software) then there's a disambiguated article with no non-disambiguated article and that's not normal (for WP)
 * seems like there are more, but no others are popping into my brain rn. ... Option 1: remove the software development series thing since I don't think it adds value. Option 2: Name the article Debug (software). Then, it is software specific, _not_ a gerund and _not_ an article that is disambiguated for which there is no non-disambiguated article. Stevebroshar (talk) 07:26, 25 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Laiwoonsiu WRT Let us not indulge into personal viewpoints like “I am not overly comfortable”. If you are not comfortable with this clause, I am happy to withdraw it. Seems you commented on your own comment (insert thinking emoji). Don't know what software engineering has to do with the price of tea in China. Stevebroshar (talk) 07:25, 25 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Bkonrad When I reply to you, WP uses Bkonrad. In WP, that is your handle -- which is a level of indirection from your real name. To use yet another level of indirection is confusing and provides no value to the community. Seems self gratifying. And the handle seems to imply judgement on people based on age. That you have used it for 20 years is neither here nor there. Your handle rubs me the wrong way. It's hard to maintain calm emotions when discussing opinions, so pushing buttons with a handle seems unwise. ... I will strive to focus on the topic. Stevebroshar (talk) 07:25, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @Stevebroshar:

 * Thank you so much for your kind words about my contributions to the Software Engineering article in the other thread.

 * Yes, let us "strive to focus on the topic". I have therefore considered Debugging and Debug very carefully.

 * (1) The Debugging article is (currently) part of a series on Software development. The core activities include Data modeling. Requirements, Design, Construction, Engineering, Testing, Debugging, Deployment, and Maintenance. We note that these activities are listed as nouns rather than gerunds. For example, we do not write "Designing", "Constructing", "Deploying", and "Maintaining".

 * (2) Indeed, online dictionaries list the word "debugging" as a noun before mentioning in passing that it is also a gerund.

 * (3) We have ample examples in Wikipedia qualifying nouns by phrases in brackets. For instance, we have Function (computer programming) and Function (mathematics).

 * Hence, I vote for Debugging (software) instead of Debug (software).

 * Cheers, Laiwoonsiu (talk) 13:31, 25 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Laiwoonsiu, re #3, the Function articles you mention require disambiguation because there is consensus that there is no primary topic and the disambiguation page resides at Function. As there is no other existing article in contention for the title "Debugging", per WP:Article titles and WP:Disambiguation it would be incorrect to attach an unnecessary parenthetical disambiguator to the debugging article.
 * Re #2, that really doesn't matter. As the article gerund describes, it is a verb form that functions as a noun. It makes no difference with regards to disambiguation. older ≠ wiser 15:23, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @Stevebroshar and @Bkonrad:

 * To avoid unnecessary debates, I looked up Manual of Style. I discovered Article titles. I note the following guidelines:

 * (1) Use nouns – Nouns and noun phrases are normally preferred over titles using other parts of speech

 * (2) Recognizability – The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize.

 * (3) Naturalness – The title is one that readers are likely to look or search for and that editors would naturally use to link to the article from other articles.

 * (4) Precision – Usually, titles should unambiguously define the topical scope of the article, but should be no more precise than that.

 * (5) Concision – The title is no longer than necessary to identify the article's subject and distinguish it from other subjects.

 * (6) Miscellaneous – Redirects should be created to articles that may reasonably be searched for or linked to under two or more names (such as different spellings or former names). Conversely, a name that could refer to several different articles may require disambiguation.

 * Heeding the above guidelines, I suggest that we should define the article title as Debugging. We may have redirects such as Debugging (software) and Software debugging if you so wish.

 * Cheers, Laiwoonsiu (talk) 04:15, 27 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Debugging


text:
List of storms named Dalila

The name Dalila, or earlier Dalilia, has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

 * Tropical Storm Dalilia (1983), never affected land
 * Hurricane Dalilia (1989), passed just south of the Hawaiian Islands
 * Tropical Storm Dalila (1995), did not make landfall
 * Hurricane Dalila (2001), passed directly over Socorro Island as a tropical storm
 * Tropical Storm Dalila (2007), passed over Socorro Island
 * Hurricane Dalila (2013), made some impact on the western shore of Mexico and then shifted westward out to sea
 * Tropical Storm Dalila (2019), never threatened land

title: List of storms named Dalila


text:
Magic angle

The magic angle is a precisely defined angle, the value of which is approximately 54.7356°. The magic angle is a root of a second-order Legendre polynomial,, and so any interaction which depends on this second-order Legendre polynomial vanishes at the magic angle. This property makes the magic angle of particular importance in magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy. In magnetic resonance imaging, structures with ordered collagen, such as tendons and ligaments, oriented at the magic angle may appear hyperintense in some sequences; this is called the magic angle artifact or effect.

Mathematical definition
The magic angle θm is

$$ \theta_\mathrm{m} = \arccos \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} = \arctan \sqrt{2} \approx 0.955\,32\ \text{rad} \approx 54.7^\circ \! ,$$

where arccos and arctan are the inverse cosine and tangent functions respectively.

$θm$ is the angle between the space diagonal of a cube and any of its three connecting edges, see image.

Another representation of the magic angle is half of the opening angle formed when a cube is rotated from its space diagonal axis, which may be represented as $arccos −1⁄3$ or $2 arctan √2$ radians $≈ 109.4712°$. This double magic angle is directly related to tetrahedral molecular geometry and is the angle between two vertices and the exact center of a tetrahedron (i.e., the edge central angle also known as the tetrahedral angle).

Magic angle and nuclear magnetic resonance
In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, three prominent nuclear magnetic interactions, dipolar coupling, chemical shift anisotropy (CSA), and first-order quadrupolar coupling, depend on the orientation of the interaction tensor with the external magnetic field.

By spinning the sample around a given axis, their average angular dependence becomes:

$$\left\langle 3\cos^2\theta -1 \right\rangle =\left( 3\cos^2\theta_\mathrm{r} -1 \right)\left( 3\cos^2\beta -1 \right) \! ,$$

where $θ$ is the angle between the principal axis of the interaction and the magnetic field, $θr$ is the angle of the axis of rotation relative to the magnetic field and $β$ is the (arbitrary) angle between the axis of rotation and principal axis of the interaction.

For dipolar couplings, the principal axis corresponds to the internuclear vector between the coupled spins; for the CSA, it corresponds to the direction with the largest deshielding; for the quadrupolar coupling, it corresponds to the $z$-axis of the electric-field gradient tensor.

The angle $β$ cannot be manipulated as it depends on the orientation of the interaction relative to the molecular frame and on the orientation of the molecule relative to the external field. The angle $θr$, however, can be decided by the experimenter. If one sets $θr = θm ≈ 54.7°$, then the average angular dependence goes to zero. Magic angle spinning is a technique in solid-state NMR spectroscopy which employs this principle to remove or reduce the influence of anisotropic interactions, thereby increasing spectral resolution.

For a time-independent interaction, i.e. heteronuclear dipolar couplings, CSA and first-order quadrupolar couplings, the anisotropic component is greatly reduced and almost suppressed in the limit of fast spinning, i.e. when the spinning frequency is greater than the width of the interaction.

The averaging is only close to zero in a first-order perturbation theory treatment; higher order terms cause allowed frequencies at multiples of the spinning frequency to appear, creating spinning side-bands in the spectra.

Time-dependent interactions, such as homonuclear dipolar couplings, are more difficult to average to their isotropic values by magic angle spinning; a network of strongly coupled spins will produce a mixing of spin states during the course of the sample rotation, interfering with the averaging process.

Application to medical imaging: The magic angle artifact
The magic angle artifact refers to the increased signal observed when MRI sequences with short echo time (TE) (e.g., $T1$ or proton density spin-echo sequences) are used to image tissues with well-ordered collagen fibers in one direction (e.g., tendon or articular hyaline cartilage). This artifact occurs when the angle such fibers make with the magnetic field is equal to $θm$.

Example: This artifact comes into play when evaluating the rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder. The magic angle effect can create the appearance of supraspinatus tendinitis.

Reinforced rubber
To achieve optimal loading in a straight rubber hose the fibres must be positioned under an angle of approximately 54.7 angular degrees, also referred to as the magic angle. The magic angle of 54.7 exactly balances the internal-pressure-induced longitudinal stress and the hoop (circumferential) stress.

title: Magic angle


text:
Talk:Skipper (Boy Scouts of America)

Corrections
Well, I had to make some corrections. Adult Sea Scout Insignia given was incorrect. I left out ship committee/committee chair insignia as its more complex. Sea Badge is not the highest course, Wood Badge is. Sea Badge is considered a supplemental training. --User:Emb021 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.182.2.222 (talk • contribs) 20:05, 22 July 2005

title: Talk:Skipper (Boy Scouts of America)


text: User:Biffy

title: User:Biffy


text:
Bushahr

Bushahr, also spelt as 'Bashahr' and 'Bussahir' or 'Bushair' was a Rajput princely state in India during the British Raj. It was located in the hilly western Himalaya promontory bordering Tibet.

Bushahar was eighty four miles long, sixty two miles wide on eastern side, twelve miles wide on the western with an area of 3,820 square miles including that of Saire. The greater part of Bushahr was lying with in the drainage area of the Satluj, which runs from North-West to South-West. After Kashmir it was one of the oldest of the hill state in the Western Himalayas. According to legend Bushahar Dynasty was found by Pradyumana, the son of Lord Krishna. In order to marry the daughter of Banasur, the local chief of Shonitpur (Sarahan). Pradyumana is said to have come to that place after the death of Banasurin an encounter with him, he became the chief of Bushahar and Kinnaura region, since Bushahar had no male heir. Another legend describes Pradyumna the youngest of two brothers who had come from "Kanchanaapuri" in the south on pilgrimage to the "Bhimakali" temple at Sarahan. Since the throne was vacant at the time of death of last Raja without heir. Pradyumana who happened to enter the place gate first at a specified timeas had been ordained by the goddess "Bhimakali" was declared as their ruler. The elder brother was appointed as the priest of the royal family with a jagir at 'Village Rawain' near Sarahan. According to C.F. Kennedy Bushar State was founded by Danwar Singh, an immigrant Rajput from Deccan in 1412 A.D. The seat of government, was at 'Kamru' and from that place, the founder conquered lower hills. But the earlier historical mentions of Bushahar is found in chronicles of Kullu, when it was over run by Maru Verman at the end of 7th century AD Shitthal Pal, the son of Datesh Pal of Kullu, it is said fled to Bushahar and took refuge. So C.F. Kennedy was proven wrong. The territory of this former state is now part of Kinnaur and Shimla districts of the present Himachal Pradesh state. The erstwhile Bushahr state was traversed by the Sutlej river. It was bordered on the west by the Kulu, Lahaul and Spiti states and by Tehri Garhwal on the east. It had an area of 8,907 km2.

History
Raja Kehri Singh is said to have been one of the strongest Kings of history of late period of Bushahar. He is said to have reduced tributes to Raja of Sirmaur, Garhwal, Mandi and Suket and to have subdued the thakur's of Keonthal, Kothkhai, Kumhar-Sain, Balsan, Theog, Darkoti Rana of Jubbal etc. Raja Kehri Singh was contemporary of 'Grajaydoke' the ruler of Tibbet. During this time, the Raja of Ladakh annexed the territory of Tibbet. A Tibbetans Commander, 'Guldenchhen' started preparation to take back the territory. Kehri Singh learnt about this and concluded a treaty with Tibbet. Raja Kehri Singh also defeated commander Guldenchhen in a battle in the latter half of the 17th century. At the end of the battle, a treaty was signed. The terms of the treaty were such. " Till the black crow doesn't run white, till Mansarovar doesn't go dry, till whole of snow from above the kailash doesn't melt, the kailash will remain boundary line between Kinnaur and Tibbet". The Tibetan-Ladakhi-Mughal war tooi place in 1681-83 A.D. Kehri Singh Alligned with Tibbet in this war against Ladakh. at the time of this war there was an alliance and a brief general agreement about friendly relations and exchange of envoys between Raja Kehri Singh of Bushahar and VI Dalai Lama. Tibbet and Bushahar would remain friends and traders from both sides would enjoy all facilities without payment of any tax. This treaty between Bushahar and Tibbet continue till the borders were sealed in 1962. Raja of Bushahar also received 'Hangrang valley' from Tibbet as a 'Jagir'. After the completion of this treaty the trade festival Lavi Fair was first celebrated in 1683 and is continuously being celebrated every year. Part of erstwhile Bushahr state was separated by the river Satluj was occupied by a Gorkha king from central Nepal from 1803 to 1815. Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh state in the Punjab, along with aid from hill Rajputs and their Princely States intervened in 1809 and drove the Nepalese army east of the Satluj river. A rivalry between Nepal and the British East India Company over the annexation of minor states bordering Nepal eventually led to the Anglo-Nepalese War (1815–16) or the Gurkha War, in which local hill rulers aided Britishers against Gurkhas. Both parties eventually signed the Treaty of Sugauli, following which the Gurkhas were expelled from Kamru, the capital of Bushahr.

In 1898, Bushahr state was taken over by the British administration, although the Râja remained nominally in charge. After British occupation, the Bushahr state was by far the largest of the 28 Simla Hills States. There was a tax revolt by Bushahr's peasants in 1906.

Heads of State
The original seat of the rulers of the erstwhile Bushahr state was at the Kamru Fort, in the village of Kamru at the banks of the Baspa River at Sangla in Kinnaur. The fort is currently abandoned and houses an idol of Kamakhya Devi (Kamakshi Dev), which is believed to have been brought several centuries ago from Kamakhya temple in Guwahati. The rulers subsequently moved to Sarahan. The Palace of the "Raja of Bushahr state" at Sarahan ("The Srikhand view") was built by the order of Raja Padam Singh for his lodging in September 1917. The current residence of the "Raja of Bushahr state" is at the Padam Palace at Rampur, Shimla district. The town of Rampur may have been founded by Raja Kehri Singh in the 17th century or by Raja Ram Singh in the 18th. The rulers moved down from their traditional seat in Sarahan to the banks of the river Sutlej. Bushair was one of the richest princely states in the hills and was an important center for trade between Tibet, Kinnaur and the lower areas.

With a personal nine-gun salute, the ruler of Bashahr was the only Hills "Raja" amongst India's upper class of princely salute states, but was not entitled to the style of His Highness until independence in 1947.

Rulers
Rulers bore the title of Rana and then Raja.

Ranas Rajas
 * ???? : Kehri Singh
 * ???? : Ram Singh
 * ???? - 1803 : Ugar Singh
 * 1803 - 1815 : Nepalese occupation
 * 1816 - 1850 : Mahendra Singh
 * 1850 - 1887 : Shamsher Singh
 * 1887 - 1898 : Raghunath Singh
 * 1898 - 1914 : Shamsher Singh (return to power)
 * 1914 - 1947 : Padam Singh
 * 1947 - 2021 : Virbhadra Singh
 * 2021 - till date : Vikramaditya Singh

title: Bushahr


text:
Movses Khorenatsi Medal

The Movses Khorenatsi Medal (Մովսես Խորենացու մեդալ) is Armenia's highest cultural award. It is presented by the president of Armenia to people who have significantly contributed to the advancement of Armenian culture. Artist Richard Jeranian received the medal in 2011 and pianist Şahan Arzruni in 2015.

title: Movses Khorenatsi Medal


text:
Ruy Ramos

Ruy Ramos (ラモス瑠偉), formerly Ruy Gonçalves Ramos Sobrinho until he obtained Japanese citizenship, is a former football player and manager, originally from Brazil, who spent his career in Japan and played for the Japan national team as a midfielder. Ramos is currently active as a television personality and tarento, represented with Irving.

Club career
Ramos was one of the first foreign players in Japanese professional football, joining club Japan Soccer League club Yomiuri (later Verdy Kawasaki) in 1977 at the age of 20. The club won the champions in Japan Soccer League 5 times, JSL Cup 3 times and Emperor's Cup 3 times. The club also won 1987 Asian Club Championship. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and founded new league J1 League. The club were the league champions in 1993 and 1994. The club also won 1992, 1993 and 1994 J.League Cup. In summer 1996, he moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga. In summer 1997, he returned to Verdy Kawasaki and he retired end of 1998 season. He was 41 years old. He was selected Japanese Footballer of the Year awards 2 times and Best Eleven 8 times. He was the one of the most central players in the golden era in Yomiuri/Verdy history.

International career
Ramos was an important member of the Japan national team during their unsuccessful 1994 World Cup qualification.

In September 1990, when Ramos was 33 years old, he was called up for the Japan national team for the 1990 Asian Games. On 26 September, he debuted against Bangladesh. After his debut, he became a regular player for Japan. He was a member of the Japan team that won the 1992 Asian Cup and he played 4 matches in the competition. Under manager Hans Ooft, Japan progressed to the final qualifying stage of the AFC for the 1994 World Cup. Ruy Ramos was on the pitch when Japan's hope to play in the finals was dashed by an injury-time Iraqi equaliser in the last qualifier, the match that the Japanese fans now refer to as the Agony of Doha. In 1995, Ramos also played at King Fahd Cup. He played 32 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1995.

Managerial career
Ramos briefly came out of his retirement for Okinawa Kariyushi FC as player–technical adviser in 2002. However, he left the club after a row with the management at the end of the season. Then he served as technical adviser for crosstown FC Ryukyu.

In March 2005, Ramos became coach of the Japan national beach soccer team and took them to the 2005 World Cup, where they finished fourth.

In January 2006, he was named coach of his former squad Tokyo Verdy, freshly relegated from J1 League. After a disappointing 2006 season in J2 League, Coach Ramos stated that if his team did not win the first game of the 2007 season, he would step down as head coach. The first game was on 4 March against Thespa Kusatsu, one of the weakest teams in the league, and Tokyo won this match 5-0. His team managed to finish 2nd after all and Tokyo Verdy returned to Division 1. After the season, Ramos became the executive director of the club.

In 2009, Ramos became a manager for Japan national beach soccer team again. He managed at 2009, 2011 and 2013 and 2019 FIFA World Cup.

In 2014, Ramos signed with J2 League club FC Gifu. However the results of the club were bad every season and he was sacked in July 2016.

In 2018, Ramos was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Club

 * Asian Club Championship: 1987
 * Japan Soccer League Division 1: 1983, 1984, 1986/87, 1990/91, 1991/92
 * JSL Cup: 1979, 1985, 1991
 * Konica Cup: 1990
 * XEROX Champions Cup: 1992
 * J1 League: 1993, 1994
 * Emperor's Cup: 1984, 1986, 1987
 * J.League Cup: 1992, 1993, 1994
 * Japanese Super Cup: 1994, 1995

International

 * AFC Asian Cup: 1992

Individual

 * Japan Soccer League Division 1 top scorer: 1979, 1983
 * Japanese Footballer of the Year: 1990, 1991
 * J.League Best XI: 1993, 1994
 * Japan Football Hall of Fame: Inducted in 2018

title: Ruy Ramos


text:
File:Lakitu Tetris Attack.png

Lakitu in Tetris Attack. Screenshot taken by uploader.

title: File:Lakitu Tetris Attack.png


text:
Live Album (Grand Funk Railroad album)

Live Album is the first live album by American hard rock band Grand Funk Railroad, originally released by Capitol Records on November 16, 1970. The first single released from the album, "Mean Mistreater", was released on November 23 and the second, "Inside Looking Out", was released in January 1971.

The album was originally released as a double album on the LP format. Subsequent reissues of the album on the compact disc format have been both double and single disc sets.

Recording, production, and artwork
The album's gatefold cover depicts a photograph of the band at the Atlanta International Pop Festival during the weekend of the 4th of July 1970, but none of the music was actually recorded there. According to the liner notes on the 2002 CD reissue, the album was recorded at the Jacksonville Coliseum on June 23, 1970 with the exception of "Paranoid" and "Inside Looking Out" which were recorded at the West Palm Beach Civic Auditorium on June 24, 1970. "Heartbreaker" is listed as being recorded at 'either Jacksonville or West Palm Beach'. The album also included a promotional poster. A further three tracks ("In Need", "Heartbreaker" and "Mean Mistreater") from The Orlando Sports Center on June 25, 1970 are included as bonus tracks on the Closer to Home 2002 CD.

Reception
Upon the album's release, Live Album was panned by the critics, while becoming commercially successful.

Critical
The reception of Live Album by music critics upon the album's release were unfavorable. A modern review of the album by James Chrispell for AllMusic stated the opinion that people either loved or hated the album. Chrispell also gave the opinion that Grand Funk Railroad were the most popular live act of their time and said that the concerts were powerful.

Commercial and sales
Despite the massive dislike of the album by music critics, Live Album became very successful in the United States, peaking at No. 5 on the Billboard 200 and crossed over to the R&B Albums chart at No. 17—the band's only album to do so. The album was so successful that it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America a week after its release and was eventually certified 2x multi-platinum in 1991. Live Album also became the group's first and only release to make the top 40 on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at No. 29. Side two, in particular, featured their two strongest airplay cuts "Heartbreaker" and "Inside-Looking Out". The barely hidden drug references on "Inside-Looking Out" may have not won them favor at Top 40, but it proved perfect for the new burgeoning FM band where the group also probably benefited from, oddly enough, R&B play taking the album to a prideful No. 17 on that chart.

Track listing
"Introduction" and "Words of Wisdom" are spoken-word tracks; consequently, original pressings of Live Album did not list author credits for these tracks. All other tracks are by Mark Farner, except where noted.

Side 1

 * 1) "Introduction" – 2:30
 * 2) "Are You Ready?" (from On Time) – 3:34
 * 3) "Paranoid" (from Grand Funk) – 6:20
 * 4) "In Need" (from Grand Funk) – 9:50

Side 2

 * 1) "Heartbreaker" (from On Time) – 6:58
 * 2) "Inside Looking Out" (from Grand Funk) (John Lomax, Alan Lomax, Eric Burdon, Bryan "Chas" Chandler) – 12:22

Side 3

 * 1) "Words of Wisdom" – 0:55
 * 2) "Mean Mistreater" (from Closer to Home) – 4:40
 * 3) "Mark Says Alright" (Farner, Don Brewer, Mel Schacher) – 5:10
 * 4) "T.N.U.C." (from On Time) – 11:45

Side 4

 * 1) "Into the Sun" (from On Time) – 12:10

CD reissue
On the CD reissue, the order of the songs has been re-sequenced to reflect the order of performance used in the band's 1970 concerts:
 * 1) "Introduction" – 2:27
 * 2) "Are You Ready?" – 3:39
 * 3) "Paranoid" – 7:20
 * 4) "In Need" – 10:58
 * 5) "Heartbreaker" – 7:10
 * 6) "Words of Wisdom" – 0:52
 * 7) "Mean Mistreater" – 4:53
 * 8) "Mark Says Alright" – 5:14
 * 9) "T.N.U.C." – 10:54
 * 10) "Inside Looking Out" – 13:43
 * 11) "Into the Sun" – 11:24

title: Live Album (Grand Funk Railroad album)


text:
User talk:Chilts

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Also, you don't need to write an article informing people that something is a misspelling. That's what redirects are for! --Angr/undefined 20:07, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
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 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Chilts


text:
User talk:Tailormade

Welcome!
Hello, Tailormade, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:07, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Your contributed article, Julius Genachwoski
Hello, I notice that you recently created a new page, Julius Genachwoski. First, thank you for your contribution; Wikipedia relies solely on the efforts of volunteers such as yourself. Unfortunately, the page you created covers a topic on which we already have a page - Julius Genachowski. Because of the duplication, your article has been tagged for speedy deletion. Please note that this is not a comment on you personally and we hope you will to continue helping improve Wikipedia. If the topic of the article you created is one that interests you, then perhaps you would like to help out at Julius Genachowski - you might like to discuss new information at the article's talk page.

If you think that the article you created should remain separate, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Additionally if you would like to have someone review articles you create before they go live so they are not nominated for deletion shortly after you post them, allow me to suggest the article creation process and using our search feature to find related information we already have in the encyclopedia. Try not to be discouraged. Wikipedia looks forward to your future contributions.

Seems that you made a typo in the article title. So far as I can see the information in your article is in Julius Genachowski Cje (talk) 11:28, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Fibrenew

A tag has been placed on Fibrenew requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Jinkinson  talk to me  01:08, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tailormade