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Willow Run Airport

Willow Run Airport is an airport in Van Buren Charter Township and Ypsilanti Charter Township,  near Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States, that serves freight, corporate, and general aviation. Due to its very close proximity to Detroit Metropolitan Airport, no major airlines schedule passenger flights to or from Willow Run. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a national reliever airport facility.

Opened in 1942, "Willow Run" was synonymous with the American industrial effort that contributed so much to Allied victory in World War II. Operated by the Ford Motor Company, the Willow Run manufacturing plant produced a total of 8,685 B-24 Liberator heavy bombers, completed and in kit form, before closure in June 1945; Willow Run produced more Liberators than either plant owned by the plane's designer, Consolidated Aircraft.

Today the Yankee Air Museum, located in one of the airport's hangars, has a large collection of vintage aircraft.

Overview
Willow Run Airport covers 2392 acre and has two runways, a continuously staffed FAA control tower, and US Customs operations. It is one of two facilities operated by the Wayne County Airport Authority, the other being Detroit Metropolitan Airport, which replaced Willow Run as the major commercial airport for the region starting in 1958. Worldwide cargo airlines Kalitta Charters and National Airlines are based at Willow Run Airport.

History
Willow Run Airport was named for a small stream that meandered through pastureland and woods until the late 1930s. Automobile pioneer Henry Ford bought the property that became the airport's runways and taxiways in 1931, and used it for almost a decade as farmland for a "social engineering" experiment that brought inner-city boys to Willow Run Farm to learn about nature, farming tasks, and the rural way of life. The residents at the Willow Run farms planted, tended, and harvested crops as well as running a maple syrup operation, and sold their products at the farm market on the property. In the process, the boys learned self-discipline and the values of hard work, and benefited from the fresh air that they had not been able to experience while growing up in congested cities.

World War II
See the Willow Run article for further details of manufacturing at the site.

The coming of World War II to Europe and the Fall of France in 1940 alarmed many in the United States, and in spite of an official policy of American neutrality, a number of government officials began preparing for the possibility of United States involvement. Henry Ford, himself an isolationist, was prevailed upon in the spring of 1941 to accept a contract to build B-24 Liberator heavy bombers for the Army Air Forces, under license from the plane's designer Consolidated Aircraft. He chose as the site his Willow Run Farm and commenced building a massive industrial plant that became the Willow Run manufacturing complex. Architect Albert Kahn designed the main structure, which had 3500000 sqft of factory space, and an aircraft assembly line over 1 mile long. It was thought to be the largest factory under one roof anywhere in the world.

To meet projected demand for the B-24, in early 1941 the Federal government established the Liberator Production Pool Program; Ford joined the program shortly thereafter. Although the Ford Trimotor had been a success in the 1920s, the company had since shied away from aviation, and initially, Ford was assigned to provide B-24 components with final assembly performed by Consolidated at its Fort Worth plant, or by fellow licensee Douglas Aircraft at its Tulsa, Oklahoma, plant. However, in October 1941 Ford received permission from Consolidated and the Army to assemble complete Liberators on its own at its new Willow Run facility. Even then it would take nearly a year before finished Liberators left the factory.

The Willow Run plant was gigantic. It covered 65 acre and was almost a 0.25 mile wide and 0.5 mile long. The production line had a 90-degree turn at roughly its two-thirds mark; overhead views suggest this was to avoid encroaching on the airfield's taxiways, while others contend that Ford's construction managers sought to keep the plant and its equipment inside Washtenaw County, where property tax assessments were lower than neighboring Wayne County.

Liberator production
The first Ford-built Liberators rolled off the Willow Run line in September 1942; these were designated B-24E. Few if any of these saw combat, being used instead in training squadrons.

The Willow Run bomber plant had many problems at startup, due in part to the mindsets and technical skills of both management and labor, who were each accustomed to the requirements of auto production, finding it difficult at first to adapt to the higher precision required in aircraft production. The plant at Willow Run had labor problems, in particular high absentee rates and rapid employee turnover; the factory was nearly an hour's drive from Detroit, and the imposition of wartime gasoline and tire rationing had made the daily commute difficult. In one month Ford had hired 2900 workers but had lost 3100. Ford officials were as a rule anti-union, and Willow Run experienced one serious strike.

Willow Run transitioned to production of the B-24H in June 1943; these were the first Willow Run Liberators to see combat in numbers. After another year, by which time the factory had begun producing the B-24J (from April 1944), the Army determined that Consolidated's San Diego plant and Willow Run could meet future requirements for Liberators. The Boeing B-29 Superfortress was taking over the long-range bombing mission in the Pacific theater and no new B-24 units were programmed for deployment in the Europe, the Mediterranean or in the CBI, the other theatres of the war.

By fall 1944 Willow Run had moved from the B-24L to the B-24M, the last Liberator to be built in significant numbers. Willow Run shut down production in May 1945, after the end of the war in Europe; 6,972 Liberators had been built at Ford, and 1,893 sets of ‘knock-down’ kits were provided to Consolidated in Ft. Worth, TX and Douglas Aircraft in Tulsa, OK for assembly, for a total of 8,685 aircraft.

Army Air Forces support and post-production activities
At the request of the government, Ford began to decentralize operations and many parts were assembled at other Ford plants as well as by the company's sub-contractors, with the Willow Run plant concentrating on final aircraft assembly. Ford's production managers coordinated their activities with an Army Air Forces support unit, the 484th Base Headquarters and Base Squadron. The bugs were eventually worked out of the manufacturing processes, and by 1944, Ford was rolling a Liberator off the Willow Run production line every 63 minutes, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

After their manufacture, the next step in the process was the delivery of the aircraft to the squadrons. This was done at Willow Run by 1st Concentration Command (1st CC). The 1st CC was responsible for completing the organization and equipment of tactical and combat bombardment squadrons prior to their deployment to the overseas combat theaters. It would also provide a final inspection of the aircraft and make any appropriate final changes; i.e., install long-range fuel tanks, remove unnecessary equipment, and give it a final flight safety test.

While the planes were being serviced and made ready for overseas movement, personnel for these planes were also being processed. Pilots, co-pilots, navigators and crew chiefs were assigned as a crew for each aircraft. Paperwork was handled, necessary specific B-24 life support equipment was issued and some technical training for supporting the aircraft accomplished.

Once production began, it became difficult to introduce changes dictated by field experience in the various overseas theaters onto the production line in a timely fashion. Consequently, newly constructed Liberators needed modifications for the specific geographic areas they were to be flown in combat. For this reason, a series of Air Technical Service Command modification centers were established for the incorporation of these required theater changes into new Liberators following their manufacture and assignments. There were seven known modification centers: Consolidated/Fort Worth; Oklahoma City Air Materiel Center at Tinker Field, Tucson Modification Center at Davis-Monthan Field; the Birmingham Depot in Alabama; the Northwest Airlines Depot in Minneapolis, Minnesota; the, Martin-Omaha manufacturing plant, and the Hawaiian Air Depot at Hickam Field.

Ownership changes
Although the airfield itself and the buildings to the east of the runways had been built on Henry Ford's personal property, it is unclear how the parcels across the county line that became the site of the bomber plant were assembled. In any event, Henry Ford (who, although technically retired from Ford Motor operations until his son Edsel's death from undulant fever in 1943, still held a say in company affairs) had insisted on building the factory without government financing. Instead, the company built the factory, and sold it to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation's Defense Plant Corporation (RFC-DPC), which then leased it back to Ford for the duration of the war. The land which held the airfield was transferred from Henry Ford's control to that of the company in July 1944, and sold to the RFC-DPC shortly thereafter.

Postwar history
See also Willow Run Transmission and Willow Run Assembly.

Willow Run as Detroit's commercial airport

Between 1946 and 1947, passenger airlines serving Detroit moved from Detroit City Airport on the city's crowded east side, to Willow Run; shortly thereafter, Wayne County officials began expanding Detroit-Wayne Major Airport at Romulus, which was 10 miles closer to Detroit than Willow Run.

Willow Run's relative isolation encouraged new approaches to passenger transportation to and from airports; at Willow Run in 1946, Warren Avis founded Avis Airlines Rent a Car Systems, the first rental car operation at an airport.

The RFC sold the airport to the University of Michigan in 1947 for $1.00. The terms of the sale required that the university operate the airport as a research facility, and the Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (later renamed Willow Run Research Center) took over some of the airport's buildings that were not needed for commercial aviation operations. For a time, the university housed some of its students in the apartments previously used by plant workers. Many of the buildings at the airport were used by University of Michigan physicists and engineers in research for national defense, including early work in antiballistic missile defense and remote sensing, at a facility which would become the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) after separating from the university in 1972.

At about the same time it sold the airfield, the RFC leased (and later sold) the bomber plant to the Kaiser-Frazer automobile company; the factory eventually became owned by General Motors. The last GM operations at Willow Run ended in 2010, and that property is planned for redevelopment after 2013 by its owner the RACER Trust. Since April 2013, there has been an effort underway by preservationists to save a small portion of the original bomber plant facility, adjacent to the airport, as a new home for nearby Yankee Air Museum. The campaign is called SaveTheBomberPlant.org and is centered on a website of the same name.

In 1951, the United States Air Force exercised a right of return to Willow Run and established Willow Run Air Force Station to the east of the airport runway. Willow Run AFS closed in 1959.

Decline of Willow Run
Almost all of Detroit's scheduled airline flights used Willow Run until 1958, when the coming of the Jet Age drove traffic to the Romulus airfield, which that year had been renamed Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (the name it still bears). It offered carriers a new terminal designed for the new aircraft, a newly expanded runway layout, and approach controls that made it the first inland airport in the country certified for jet airliners.

In 1956, there were seven passenger airlines at Willow Run. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 68 weekday departures on Capital, 45 on American, 23 on Eastern, 17 on Northwest Orient, 14 on United, 13 on North Central, 13 on TWA, 8 on Delta, 5 on Allegheny and 3 on Mohawk. American's only westward non-stops were to Chicago; United had a nonstop DC-7 to Los Angeles; come summer TWA would resume its weekly two-stop Constellation flight to Paris via Gander in Newfoundland and Shannon in Ireland. Only BOAC and Pan Am flew out of Detroit-Wayne Major.

American Airlines moved from Willow Run to Detroit-Metropolitan in October 1958, followed by Northwest, Allegheny, and Delta in the next few months.

Airline flights ended in 1966 when United, TWA, Eastern, North Central, Mohawk and Lake Central moved to Metro Airport. In 1968, upon hearing that Detroit Tigers fans had overwhelmed Metro Airport in order to greet the newly crowned world champions, the jet carrying the team diverted to Willow Run instead.

USA Jet, a charter airline, briefly brought flights back to Willow Run, on DC-9s and MD-82s.

The airport today
In 2002, with the creation of the Wayne County Airport Authority by the state legislature, the license to operate the airport was transferred from the general county government to the new independent authority.

The Yankee Air Museum opened on the airport grounds in 1981. A fire in October 2004 destroyed the museum's building and most of its artifacts. The static display aircraft, including a B-52 Stratofortress and other aircraft too large for display inside the hangar, were undamaged. In 2005 the museum moved to the other side of the airport, where they began to rebuild their displays and gather more World War II memorabilia. In 2013, the museum purchased a section of the former bomber plant, which is now used for its large aircraft acquisitions.

The Yankee Air Museum hosts semi-annual airshows over Willow Run, featuring the Blue Angels.

Between July and September 2009, what was Runway 9R/27L along the southern edge of the airfield was converted to Taxiway H. This allowed the redesign of the southwest end of Runway 5R to reduce the possibility of encroachment by taxiing aircraft.

In 2011, Michigan State University planted 3 acres of canola and mustard seed on airport property to generate biofuels for aircraft use. The airport has 814 acres available for future crop production.

Until 2015, the airport was home to the sole aircraft of Baltia Airlines, an airline that has been attempting to commence operations to St. Petersburg since 1991. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-200 with registration N706BL (msn 21705).

On March 8, 2017, Ameristar Charters Flight 9363, a charter flight carrying the Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team to the Big Ten Conference men's basketball Tournament, abandoned takeoff and skidded off the runway in high winds. The plane suffered extensive damage and some of the players suffered minor injuries but no serious injuries or fatalities were reported. The team arrived late and initially had to play in practice gear (their regular uniforms, like all other luggage, had to remain on the plane as part of the NTSB investigation ) but went on to win the tournament. In December 2017, the American Center for Mobility opened their autonomous vehicle proving ground, Technology Park, at the airport. The center's test tracks utilize a vacated 2.5-mile portion of the former Willow Run Expressway, including its two double overpasses.

While with very little origin, a lone DC-8 has been spotted in numerous places around the airport, and the only decal is it's registration, it may be owned by the nearby Michigan Flight Museum.

As of May 2024, the Wayne County Airport Authority has closed down Hangar 1 for demolition, which would later become part of the Tech Park for the American Center for Mobility, although the start of demolition is unknown.

Accidents and incidents

 * On January 14, 1965, a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar operated by the Burroughs Corporation on a training flight crashed on approach 600 meters beyond the end of the runway and nearly 300 meters left because a right flight cable failed during flap retraction. Both occupants died.
 * On February 21, 1973, a Learjet 24 operated by Air Taxis Inc landed long at YIP, overran the runway, hit a localizer antenna and the instrument landing system (ILS) building. The pilot attempted a go-around but failed to stow the spoilers, causing the accident. Two out of the three occupants died.
 * On June 8, 1993, a Beech E18S impacted terrain after takeoff from Willow Run. Witnesses report there was no indication of an engine fire or failure but that it sounded like the pilot was "on the throttles." The probable cause was found to be the pilot's inadequate preflight preparation, which caused him to turn off the attitude indicator and become disoriented in fog and low clouds.
 * On December 22, 2003, a Sikorsky S-58JT helicopter was destroyed when it impacted light poles and the ground during landing at the Willow Run Airport. The pilot reported that, at approximately 40 knots airspeed and 70 feet above the ground, "there was an abrupt boom and pitch of the aircraft followed by a right forward rapid descent with a very large horizontal one-to-one out of balance oscillation." Though the pilot attempted to apply all available collective pitch, the aircraft impacted the ground, rolled, and flipped over. The probable cause was found to be pilot disorientation, causing him to attempt to land on the wrong ramp and therefore impact light poles while on approach.
 * On May 19, 2005, a Piper PA-32 collided with a taxiway sign during its landing roll at Willow Run Airport. The pilot reported he applied right rudder and left rudder in his landing flare to compensate for a crosswind, and while he touched down on centerline, the airplane began drifting to the right as the nosewheel touched down despite the crosswind inputs. Then, the pilot applied full left rudder to compensate, but the aircraft veered off the runway. The reason for the pilot's loss of directional control could not be determined.
 * On March 8, 2017, a McDonnell-Douglas MD-83 operating for Ameristar Air Cargo overran the departure end of Runway 23L during a rejected takeoff at Willow Run. The aircraft was operating as an on-demand charter flight destined for Washington Dulles International Airport. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the jammed condition of the airplane's right elevator, which resulted from exposure to localized, dynamic wind while the airplane was parked and rendered the airplane unable to rotate during takeoff.
 * On August 13, 2023, a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter jet crashed near the airport during the Thunder Over Michigan air show. The pilots ejected from the aircraft prior to the crash and had to be recovered from Belleville Lake.

title: Willow Run Airport


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Keytone

Keytone may refer to:
 * Key tone (or key note), titular pitch of a musical key
 * Keytone Records, a record company that has released albums for artists such as founder Chris Hinze

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Keytone


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Screwed

Screwed may refer to:

 * Fastened with a screw
 * Slang for having pressure or stress exerted as if having a screw driven in
 * Slang for fornication
 * Slang for in serious trouble

Film and TV

 * Screwed also known as Wind-Up Type, a 1998 Japanese film by Teruo Ishii
 * Screwed (2000 film), a comedy starring Norm Macdonald, Dave Chappelle and Danny DeVito
 * Screwed (2011 film), a British drama directed by Reg Traviss
 * Screwed (Pihalla), a Finnish drama directed by Nils-Erik Ekblom
 * Screwed, a 2011 film featuring Shane Warren Jones
 * Screwed: The Truth About Life as a Prison Officer, a 2008 book by Ronnie Thompson, basis for the 2011 British film

Music

 * Screwed (music) or chopped and screwed, a technique of remixing hip hop music
 * "Screwed", a 2006 song by Paris Hilton from Paris
 * "Screwed", a 2015 song by Kid Cudi from Speedin' Bullet 2 Heaven
 * "Screwed", a 2018 song by Janelle Monáe from Dirty Computer

title: Screwed


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Mr. & Mrs. '55

Mr. & Mrs. '55 is a 1955 Indian romantic comedy film directed and produced by Guru Dutt, from a screenplay written by Abrar Alvi. A socially critical film set in urban Mumbai, it stars Madhubala as Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced into a marriage with an unemployed cartoonist (Guru Dutt) to save her millions.

Mr. & Mrs. '55 was among the early works of Dutt, and was also one of the few comedies made by him. Upon its theatrical release on 11 February 1955, the film emerged as a major commercial success. Its box-office success marked a reversal of fortunes for actress Madhubala, who was one of the film stars deemed "box office poison" in 1954. Her portrayal of Anita Verma has been generally considered one of her most memorable and identifiable performances.

In 2019, Time Out placed it at the 57th place in the list of "The 100 Best Bollywood movies". The movie was appreciated for its comic sequences but was criticised for its problematic portrayal of feminism and progressive themes.

Plot
Preetam (Guru Dutt), a struggling cartoonist, meets Anita (Madhubala) at a tennis match, where she is watching her favourite tennis star. Anita, a wealthy and westernised heiress, is controlled by her aunt, Seeta Devi (Lalita Pawar). Seeta is suspicious of men and cultivates her attitudes in Anita. However, to receive her fortune, her father's will decrees that Anita must marry within one month of turning 21. Seeta Devi doesn't agree with this and tries to set Anita up with a sham marriage which will soon lead to divorce, thereby giving her both freedom and a fortune. Seeta hires Preetam to marry Anita, but she doesn't know that the pair have already met. Preetam is kept from Anita after their marriage, but he kidnaps her and takes her to the traditional house of his brother.

While at the house, Anita befriends Preetam's sister-in-law, and she begins to see the merit in becoming a wife. Preetam is worried that he has lost Anita and expedites their divorce by providing false, incriminating evidence to the court. Preetam then leaves Mumbai, heartbroken. Anita now recognises her feelings for Preetam and rushes to meet him at the airport. In the end, the couple is reunited.

Cast

 * Madhubala as Anita Verma
 * Guru Dutt as Preetam Kumar
 * Lalita Pawar as Seeta Devi (Anita's Aunt)
 * Johnny Walker as Johny
 * Vinita Bhatt as Julie
 * Kumkum as Preetam's Bhabhi
 * Uma Devi as Lily D'Silva
 * Radhika as Moni
 * Anwari as Anita's Nanny
 * Agha
 * Haroon as Advocate
 * Rooplaxmi as Seeta Devi's follower
 * Moni Chatterji as Judge
 * Al-Nasir as Ramesh, tennis player
 * Bir Sakhuja as Mr. Sharma, editor
 * Cuckoo as singer in the song "Neele Aasmani"
 * Jagdeep as paper boy
 * Chandrashekhar Dubey as Doctor
 * Moolchand as husband of the lady in theater
 * Rooplaxmi as toy seller singer

Production
The cartoons in the film were drawn by R. K. Laxman.

The initial choice for playing Anita Verma, the main character of the film, was Shyama. Guru Dutt had approached her as she was his leading lady in the highly successful Aar Paar (1954), but Shyama demanded a high fee and he refused. Dutt then contacted Vyjayanthimala, who rejected the role due to her hectic schedule and later recalled it as her "worst decision ever" in 2011. It was then when Madhubala was chosen to play the leading lady in the film.

Soundtrack
The music of this movie was composed by O. P. Nayyar and Majrooh Sultanpuri was the lyricist.

The song "Preetam Aan Milo" was originally sung by C. H. Atma in 1945 as a non-filmly song. Nayyar, having liked that song, included it in the film and it was sung by Geeta Dutt. The song Neela Aasmani was sampled by American rapper 2 Chainz and 42 Dugg in song Million Dollars Worth of Game.

Critical reception

Filmfare, in its May 1955 issue quoted : "A thoroughly delightful, honey and cream social comedy. Mr. & Mrs. '55 is a model of film craft and has gripping interest for every class of cinegoer. Its satire of characters we know and its incidents taken from life are spiced with humour... the dialogue, well-written, tense and witty, enhances the appeal of this true-to-life and thought-provoking entertainer."

Harneet Singh of The Indian Express wrote, "The film rides on Madhubala's impish charm and breezy comic timing, Johnny Walker's one-liners, O. P. Nayyar's evergreen music and Dutt's lyrical direction, replete with long tracking shots, close-ups and cinematographer V. K. Murthy's exquisite shadow-and-light framing [...] Mr. and Mrs. 55 is a great ride till the time the film doesn't go all sanskari. Alvi's dialogues are the star of the narrative. The banter is funny, lifelike and refreshingly non-filmi."

Malavika Rajkotia writes that the film "reflects the social anxiety the Bill [caused] from its very onset", and that "sixty years later the film is still charming", despite the "unkind portrayal of the feminist represented by Lalita Pawar".

Box office
Mr. & Mrs. '55 was the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of 1955. It earned inr 17500000 at the box office, generating a large profit of inr 9000000.

title: Mr. & Mrs. '55


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Talk:Inherit the Earth

VfD results
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Inherit the Earth. -- BD2412 talk 22:51, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

More information...
Look for the german Article for more infomations... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.149.217.63 (talk • contribs) 17:19, August 30, 2005

Similar plot resolution...
"...humanity was eradicated by an airborne biological weapon (a scenario that was inspired by the Alistair MacLean novel The Satan Bug)." This is similar to a recent plot revelation in the Sonic the Hedgehog comic book series from Archie Comics. In that continuity, if I remember correctly, the virus that nearly wiped out humanity on Earth was sent by aliens. In a twist of fate, many species of Earth's animals were uplifted by the virus to human intelligence. --75.161.84.72 00:19, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

The game implies that it was a bakterium. The intro shows in the part with disappearance of humans humans fleeing from something resempbling a bacterium.--91.40.241.121 (talk) 10:12, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Third-party refs required
This could move up to WP:FURRY class C if it had a bit more in the way of referencing and coverage of the game's reception. GreenReaper (talk) 01:55, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

Source

 * https://web.archive.org/web/20050217054957/http://www.adventuregamers.com:80/article/id,286

title: Talk:Inherit the Earth


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Talk:Serialization (disambiguation)

Untitled
If the transaction serialization article ever gets created, I think an argument could be made to merge this into Serial (disambiguation). In addition to making things simpler by having everything "serial-" on one page, it would avoid the whole AE vs BE issue. Niteowlneils 22:51, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serialization (disambiguation)


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WTOG

WTOG (channel 44) is an independent television station licensed to St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, serving the Tampa Bay area. It is owned by the CBS News and Stations group, and maintains studios on Northeast 105th Terrace in St. Petersburg, near the west end of the Gandy Bridge; its transmitter is located in Riverview, Florida.

Early years
WTOG first signed on the air on November 4, 1968, operating as an independent station. The station was founded by Saint Paul, Minnesota–based Hubbard Broadcasting, who also owned radio station WGTO (540 AM, now WFLF) in nearby Cypress Gardens; Hubbard originally wanted to name the station WGTO-TV, but the request was denied by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); in those days, the FCC did not allow television and radio stations to share the same base callsign if they were licensed in different cities. This led to Hubbard using a slightly modified form of the callsign.

The station began with a limited test schedule airing two hours per day, but expanded to broadcasting eight hours per day on January 27, 1969, initially airing from 3 p.m. to 11 p.m. daily.

Initially, WTOG ran a lineup of older movies, some low-budget syndicated programs, a few off-network westerns and sitcoms, and some cartoons. In the station's early days, its slogan was "WTOG... As Far as the Eye Can See", which was made famous by its mid-1970s station identification package. WTOG caught on with viewers immediately; so much so, in fact, that it forced competitor WSUN-TV (channel 38, frequency now occupied by WTTA) off the air in 1970. For the rest of the 1970s into the early 1980s, WTOG was the only independent station in the Tampa Bay area. During the 1970s, WTOG gradually expanded its programming hours: by 1972, the station signed on at 10:30 a.m. on weekdays and around 1 p.m. on weekends. By 1976, WTOG signed on the air daily by 7 a.m. Gradually, WTOG added better sitcoms, more cartoons, off-network dramas, and better movies. While the station was profitable all along, its programming improved significantly in the late 1970s.

Becoming a superstation
Channel 44 finally gained competition in 1981, when Family Group Broadcasting signed on WFTS-TV (channel 28) as a family-oriented independent station. However, WTOG remained the clear leader in the market for the next two decades. During the 1970s and 1980s, the station was carried on many cable providers in central and southwestern Florida. In the 1980s, WTOG also maintained a network of low-power repeaters, located in Sebring, Inverness, Arcadia (in the Fort Myers market; that translator has since shut down), Ocala (part of the Orlando market; that translator, W29AB, has since become a translator for Orlando's WKMG-TV) and Okeechobee (part of the West Palm Beach market). It billed itself as "Florida's Super Station", which "Covered Florida Like The Sun".

There was also some consideration to put WTOG on cable in Tallahassee, but that never came to fruition. WTOG was one of the most profitable independent stations in the country. In fact, during the late 1970s, Ted Turner called the station to ask how WTOG made itself so profitable.

From Fox to UPN
On October 9, 1986, WTOG became a charter affiliate of the fledgling Fox network. The station, however, was still effectively programmed as an independent during its time as a Fox affiliate as the network's programming only comprised two hours of its prime time lineup on Saturday and Sunday evenings early on (they would not expand their programming to seven days a week until 1993). However, over time, channel 44 became one of several Fox affiliates nationwide that were disappointed with the network's weak programming offerings, particularly on Saturday nights, which were bogging down WTOG's otherwise successful lineup. WTOG dropped its Fox affiliation on August 8, 1988, sending it to WFTS (which was acquired by the E. W. Scripps Company in 1986). Through the early 1990s, WTOG was still running mostly cartoons (both classic and recent), classic and recent sitcoms, drama series and older movies. As part of deal with United Television, WTOG was an affiliate of the Prime Time Entertainment Network syndication programming service from 1993 to 1995.

WTOG was largely unaffected by the affiliation swaps of 1994, which saw longtime CBS affiliate WTVT (channel 13) switch to Fox (as a result of the network's affiliation deal with then-owners, New World Communications); WFTS becoming an ABC affiliate; and longtime ABC outlet WTSP (channel 10) assuming the market's CBS affiliation. However, channel 44 did regain a network relationship when it became a charter affiliate of the United Paramount Network (UPN) at its launch on January 16, 1995. As with its days as a Fox affiliate, WTOG continued to program itself as an independent, programming a traditional general entertainment format during the day, with UPN programming being shown during the prime time hours.

Paramount Stations Group, a subsidiary of Viacom (which jointly owned the All News Channel cable network with Hubbard) purchased the station in the spring of 1996; at the time, Paramount Stations Group was in the process of selling stations it owned that were not UPN owned-and-operated stations, and traded NBC affiliates WNYT in Albany, New York and WHEC-TV in Rochester, New York to Hubbard. The purchase by Viacom made WTOG a UPN owned-and-operated station, becoming the first network-owned station in the Tampa Bay market. Soon after taking control, Paramount changed WTOG's on-air branding to "UPN44", which remained in use for the remainder of the network's run. By the late 1990s, older sitcoms (such as All in the Family) and older cartoons made way for talk shows, court shows and reality programs (such as People's Court and Judge Mills Lane) during the daytime. Recent cartoons (such as Pokémon, Sailor Moon, Garfield and Friends and Disney's Hercules) and recent sitcoms (such as Charles in Charge, Step by Step, Family Matters, Sister, Sister, Roseanne, The Simpsons, Seinfeld (now on WTTA) and Friends) continued to air but movies also were eliminated almost completely. Viacom purchased CBS in 2000 and merged that network's owned-and-operated stations into Paramount Stations Group.

For one day in May 1999, WTOG housed the operations for WFLA-TV (channel 8), after a power outage occurred at that station's main studios in Downtown Tampa.

Switch to The CW
On January 24, 2006, CBS Corporation (which split from Viacom, one month earlier) and the Warner Bros. Entertainment unit of Time Warner announced that the two companies would shut down The WB and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW. The CW signed a 10-year affiliation agreement with 11 of CBS' UPN stations, including WTOG; channel 44 became a CW owned-and-operated station when the network launched on September 18, 2006. Under current ownership, WTOG is one of two network-owned stations in the Tampa Bay market, alongside Fox-owned WTVT. Gradually, cartoons would disappear from WTOG's schedule, as with every broadcast station in the early 2000s. More reality and court shows would begin airing in place of that programming, while sitcoms continue to run during the evening hours.

For years, WTOG had handled master control operations for its sister station, KEYE-TV in Austin, Texas. However, in November 2006, WTOG's master control facilities, along with that of Atlanta's WUPA, were moved to sister CW affiliate WGNT in Norfolk, Virginia; 20 WTOG employees were laid off, even though CBS had previously denied that such terminations would happen. KEYE was later sold to Cerberus Capital Management, through its Four Points Media Group (which in turn was sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group, then-owner of MyNetworkTV affiliate WTTA). WGNT was sold to Local TV, the owner of that market's CBS affiliate WTKR, in August 2010 (Local TV was merged with Tribune Broadcasting three years later, in August 2013; both WGNT and WTKR are now sister stations of WFTS under Scripps ownership). When CBS wound down operations at the Norfolk hub, WTOG and WUPA began handling their own master control operations once again.

Return to independence
On October 3, 2022, Nexstar Media Group acquired majority ownership of The CW. Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from WTOG and its seven other CW stations. On May 5, 2023, CBS announced that it would exercise that right and WTOG would cease airing the network's programming at the end of August and become an independent station for the first time since 1995. Nexstar-owned WTTA assumed The CW affiliation for the Tampa market on September 1.

Sports programming
From its sign-on through 1976, WTOG carried Atlanta Braves baseball games through a syndication package that aired regionally on stations across the Southern United States before the cable/satellite launch of Superstation TBS the same year effectively ended the Braves regional network. From 1977 until 1989, it aired a variety of Major League Baseball games from various team networks on a daily basis (with the exception of Saturdays, Mondays and Wednesdays). These included games from the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, Kansas City Royals, Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals and the Toronto Blue Jays, as those teams were mainly in the Grapefruit League for spring training in the Tampa Bay, Orlando, Fort Myers, and Sarasota areas. WTOG discontinued the baseball broadcasts when ESPN became the cable partner for Major League Baseball in 1990.

WTOG aired numerous Tampa Bay Rowdies professional NASL soccer road games in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Additionally, many home and away indoor matches were shown. Since 2024, WTOG has aired home matches of the current incarnation of the Rowdies, who play in the USL Championship.

The station also aired NHL games televised by NBC that were preempted by WFLA-TV in the 1970s. It later aired games from the NHL Network syndication package in the late 1970s and early 1980s. From 1992 until 2003, the station was the flagship of the Tampa Bay Lightning television network; the Lightning has been cable-exclusive since the 2003–04 season.

News operation
From its sign-on through 1982, WTOG ran daily news capsules, mainly at sign-on and sign-off, with an announcer reading the day's headlines over a slide. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the station featured an on-camera newsreader providing a news summary during its morning discussion program, Florida Daybreak. WTOG started using the Eyewitness News brand in the late 1970s, though its news was still a rather staid, low-key affair.

In 1982, Hubbard Broadcasting established a full-fledged news department for WTOG, and debuted a nightly 10 p.m. newscast. At first, WTOG continued to use the Eyewitness News name, with Barbara Callahan (former co-host of WTOG's edition of PM Magazine) and John Nicholson (formerly an anchor at WTVT) as co-anchors. During the mid-1980s, the station's newscast was renamed Tampa Bay Tonight, subsequently changing in 1988 to 44 News at Ten and then WTOG 44 News at Ten in 1992. Between 1985 and 1995, John Summer served as primary anchor with various co-anchors, including Callahan. In 1996, following Viacom's acquisition of WTOG, the 10 p.m. broadcast was retitled as the UPN44 10 O'Clock News, co-anchored by Callahan and Patrick Emory. WTOG also had an 11 a.m. newscast from 1995 to 1996.

WTOG's news department was shut down in 1998, as a result of cost-cutting measures mandated by then-parent company Viacom and competition from Fox station WTVT's own 10 p.m. newscast. From that point until 2020, WTOG did not air any newscasts, which made it one of seven CBS-owned stations that did not air any local news programming (the other six were KSTW in Seattle and WUPA in Atlanta—both of which last aired outsourced newscasts in 2005, KTXA in Dallas–Fort Worth and WBFS-TV in Miami—both of which canceled newscasts produced by a sister station in 2011, though KTXA retains a sports show, and the Detroit duopoly of WWJ-TV and WKBD-TV—which canceled their morning newscast in 2012, although, WWJ-TV still airs weather updates; WUPA and WKBD has since begun airing newscasts produced by sister stations in other markets). WTOG had aired the syndicated morning show The Daily Buzz from 2004 until its sudden cancellation in 2015. It replaced its former time slot with paid programming and children's shows.

On January 17, 2020, CBS Television Stations announced that they will be introducing nightly 10 p.m. newscasts for WTOG, which debuted on March 9; the newscast for WTOG is produced by CBS' Miami sister station WFOR-TV. It also marked WTOG's return to airing local news programming since its own in-house news department shut down 22 years earlier. This newscast was converted to the CBS News Now format (as Tampa Bay Now News) upon its launch in July 2022. The last Tampa Bay Now newscast was August 31, 2023.

Notable former on-air staff

 * Jane Akre – anchor (1996)
 * Christine Chubbuck – reporter (early 1970s)
 * Ray Perkins – host of The Buc Report
 * Beasley Reece – sports (1986–1988, 1997–1998; later of KYW-TV in Philadelphia)
 * Carmen Roberts – reporter (1980s)
 * Mary Rogers – anchor (−1993)
 * Rob Stone – sports (late 1990s); later with ESPN, now at Fox Sports
 * Ken Suarez – reporter (1988–1998, later of WTVT)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WTOG shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 44, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 59, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era frequency, UHF channel 44.

Translators

 *  Inverness
 *  Sebring

Former translator
WTOG previously operated a third translator, W29AB (channel 29) licensed to Ocala. In 1995, it was sold to First Media and became a translator for WCPX (now WKMG-TV) in Orlando.

title: WTOG


text: User talk:81.79.81.91

title: User talk:81.79.81.91


text: User talk:70.249.152.212

title: User talk:70.249.152.212


text:
Talk:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads

 * Old talk page of Kingdom of Humanity:

Morton F. Meads, former U.S. Army Soldier
I added the context from where this fictional story and its islands come from. They come from the tall tales of the CON man, Morton F. Meads. Meads even went to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 1955 and 1956 to try to legitimize his claim over the islands. Meads claimed that his father, Franklin Meads (son of British Captain of the Modeste, James George Meads) along with several other British and American compatriots, visited the Spratlys in 1914 to establish the so-called "Kingdom of Humanity" on "Meads Island." From which, as the grandson of Captain Meads, Morton Meads claims Franklin Meads passed onto him.

Morton Meads' story is notable because it motivated many others, Filipinos, Chinese, Taiwanese, Vietnamese, Japanese, etc., in advancing their own competitive claims. Meads was aware of the current events at the time. So, he jumped on the opportunity by repeatedly telling his so-called birthright story to others, which later caught the public's attention for the first time in local Manila newspapers in early 1955. XXXpinoy777 (talk) 20:00, 06 April 2024 (UTC)

VfD results
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was keep. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads. -- BD2412 talk 22:53, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

The article title and the name on the flag do not match 92.10.30.67 (talk) 13:00, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Nonsense
What is this nonsense doing in Wikipedia? It should be deleted. This is entirely fictional, invented by one person by the looks of it, see 88.110.205.9 (talk) 20:35, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

That's mistaken. There's plenty of publicly-documented history of the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads and its predecessor the Kingdom of Humanity from at least World War II on (I won't vouch for the story before that). The Wall Street Journal covered it at least twice in front-page stories, and many newspapers in Manila in the 1950's, 60's and 70's. The main mover was an American, Morton F. Meads, who lived (still lives?) in Manila. Morac-Songhrati-Meads appears, from an NPOV, to have been the first claim of sovereignty in the Spratly Islands based on actual occupation of any of the Spratly islands other than Itu Aba Island (or "Tai Ping Island"), which was and is occupied by Taiwan/ROC (and by Japan during WW II), and some temporay French weather stations. China's now-famous "Nine-dash line" claiming all the rest of the Spratlys has no more basis in ground facts than the Meads claim. Possibly less -- those tiny, bare islets, other than Itu Aba and Spratly Island (or "Trường Sa Island") itself (an islet to the southwest briefly occupied by the French/Vietnamese early on), were unoccupied territory (res nullius in International Law) until the Kingdom of Humanity/Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads claimed them. The Nine-dash line and its eleven-dash predecessor were simply drawn on maps by committees in Taipei based on no ground facts.

An important effect, now, of the Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads is that early reports about it alarmed and energized the Philippines press and government to realize that the Philippines had no formal sovereignty claim in the nearby Spratlys. A Philippines businessman named Tomas Cloma imitated Meads and sent a boat out to claim some of the same islands for his new "Free Territory of Freedomland." He was later forced by Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos to transfer the claim, by signing a transfer document, to the Republic of the Philippines, and that is the legal basis of the current Philippines claims to sovereignty in the Spratly Islands.

Meads tried for decades to get respect and recognition of his prior claim of sovereignty over the Spratlys, without success. He did issue M-S-M passports, though.70.113.8.195 (talk) 08:21, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

Very dubious indeed
The text cited by Samuel Pyeatt Menefee casts serious doubt on any of this. As someone noted above, in view of the international importance of the South China Sea and its geopolitics, could this article be deleted as being without foundstion beyond the fantasies of some individuals who have made offerings here? Varnebank (talk) 22:25, 27 January 2018 (UTC)

Contested PROD
This needs to wait- there have been a number of IP edits to this page to insert "fictional", "fantasy", etc. See what I've posted at Articles for deletion/Kingdom of Humanity and the SSP report that's related to it. JeremyMcCracken (talk) (contribs) 18:27, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Historicity of James George Meads
I don't think we have good enough sources to assert that this was a historical personage. A law article and a newspaper article are not good enough given that historians do not treat this as certain. The fact that the later Meads at the same time claimed nonsense about a so-called "Treaty of Southwark" should lead us to take all his claims with a ton of salt. Itsmejudith (talk) 17:39, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
 * And there is no record for a James George Meads in the searchable database of British Navy personnel at the UK National Archive. Itsmejudith (talk) 17:45, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

Some basic research into the genealogical records available for James George Mead (not Meads) shows that he was born in Weymouth, Dorset, on 4 March 1834. He joined the Royal Navy and gained the rank of Lieutenant in 1855, followed by Commander ten years later, becoming a Captain in 1872. By 1889 he was a Rear-Admiral and on 9 December 1894, he was a Retired Vice-Admiral. In 1867 he had served as second in command of Rattlesnake, at Cape of Good Hope and the west coast of Africa. Between 16 January 1878 and 30 September 1881 he was “Captain in Modeste (until paying off at Sheerness) commanded by William Montagu Dowell, China”.https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27178/page/2131 (promotion 21 March 1900 )

Photograph of HMS Diamond, a similar corvette of the Amethyst class as HMS Modeste

The Angelfire site states that “King James” died in 1888, but investigations show that Vice-Admiral Mead was very much alive and had retired to Bournemouth about 1894. At the time of the 1911 Census, he and his wife had had 3 children (one deceased) and the two living children were still at home. The ages of James and Mary Mead his wife are given as 77 and 60 respectively and this suggests they had their children somewhat later than usual - George Gaskell being aged 27 and his sister Grace 23. There are several servants listed, but none with exotic names from Asia.

George Gaskell Mead had been born in Dorset in 1883 and served in the Army Service Corps during World War I – his mailing address on his medal card given as a garage in Bournemouth. He must have reached the rank of Captain as he is known by this in many subsequent electoral registers for Dorset. In 1929 he appears with his wife Gladys on a passenger list going to Tangier (hardly the South China Sea!) He seems to have spent his last years in a modest flat in Bournemouth and died in a nursing home there in 1966, leaving an estate of only £427 to a spinster lady.

So the real “King James I” - ie James George Mead - died in Bournemouth on 18 March 1913 and left effects of just under £12,000 and there is no way that his son, George Gaskell, could have been “King George I”.

As far as research on Morton Frederick Meads, he was born 1922 the son of Josiah N Meads Nov 1894 died 25 April 1946 see Gazette York PA May 1 1946 survived by parents including Franklin Maurice Meads born 20 Nov 1870 died after his son Josiah,  in 14 Sep 1947. Franklin Meads father was not a George but rather Nathaniel Gibson Meads born 7 Nov 1853 to died 8  May 1921, although HIS father was a William De Moss Meads b 19 Jul  1817 to died 28 Apr 1900 it is only his father a James Meads (not James George Mead above) born Nov 1779 died 29 Dec 1856 son of also a James Meads b 26 Dec 1752 died 1817 and he was son also of a James Meads  born 28 Feb 1719  died date unkown the son of an Edward Meads born 1694 died 31 Mar 1763  Further Morton F Meads had an older brother mentioned in the aforementioned obit for Josiah N Meads as Thomas F Meads born 1921

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.193.95.151 (talk) 01:30, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Isn't the Southwark bit from the website with the disclaimer? It wasn't mentioned in any of those sources I used. JeremyMcCracken (talk) (contribs) 21:39, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Per the archive, I suspect this is him; the dates would line up fairly well. I don't know the scope of that part of the archives; I don't know how much of a service record they will indicate. JeremyMcCracken (talk) (contribs) 20:21, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

Deletion
As per conversions above, I propose for the deletion of this page. PCommission (talk) 04:04, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads

A tag has been placed on Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

"This article should be deleted as everything about it is fictional, as per discussed in the Talk page. There no conclusive proof that such a state ever existed, outside of the fictional story that was created by a single person."

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, pages that meet certain criteria may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. PCommission (talk) 04:16, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

Is this a hoax?
There is a huge lack of sources, high amount of speculations and no related wiki pages in this article. Also including no physical, archaeological or photo evidence.

88.230.232.98 (talk) 17:55, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

Is litteraly anyone able to verify this
It seems like a load of nonsense Nintentoad125 (talk) 19:35, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

I found who possibly created this possible hoax
So, i digged this page's history and it was created by User:Eequor back in July 2005, which means he may be the creator of this possible hoax. He ceased editing in 2006. I think we should investigate this user's edit history to see if he did other kinds of disruptive edits or hoaxes. Octagon758 (talk) 22:57, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

Not a hoax
A lot of questions have been raised on this talk page about whether or not this article is a hoax. So far, I have successfully verified three of the five sources and am satisfied this is not a hoax, so I have removed the maintenance tag. I'll also be filling in a little information. —Compassionate727 (T·C) 22:08, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

 * @Compassionate727 absence of evidence is not evidence of existence. Therefore either vague sources or saying "citation needed" to part of article that states there is no military tecords are evidence of existence of this entity. Cactus Ronin (talk) 13:12, 7 January 2023 (UTC)
 * please do not re-add the tag without bringing anything new to the table. As pointed out by above, the sources cited in this article check out. Similarly, we don't need to entertain 's argument that a Wikipedian made this up in 2005 when we have reliable sources from 1996 discussing it. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 17:39, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads


text:
Karl Hyde

Karl Hyde (born 10 May 1957) is an English musician, composer and artist. He is a founding member of British electronic group Underworld. Hyde has also released a solo album, made albums with Brian Eno and Matthew Herbert, and contributed towards the score for the London 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony alongside Rick Smith.

He is a founding member of the multi-discipline design and film collective Tomato and has published several books.

Career
Hyde moved to Cardiff in the late 1970s to study at Cardiff College of Art. There he formed the new wave-synthpop band Freur in 1982 with Rick Smith and Alfie Thomas. The band released two albums, Doot-Doot (1983) and Get Us out of Here (1986), before relocating to Essex, and renaming themselves Underworld. They have continued to make music since.

He contributed towards the score for the London 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, alongside Underworld's Rick Smith who was the ceremony's Musical Director.

In January 2013, Hyde announced the release date for his debut solo album, Edgeland. It was released worldwide on 22 April that year through Universal. It was co-produced by Leo Abrahams.

In 2014, Hyde collaborated with English musician and record producer Brian Eno on the album Someday World, which was released on Warp. The first single from this album, "The Satellites", was released in March 2014. Within weeks of the album's release, it was announced that a second album, High Life, would be released on 30 June (1 July in North America), also through Warp.

Hyde performed at Coachella 2023.

Personal life
Hyde's daughter Tyler performs in the experimental rock band Black Country, New Road.

With the Screen Gemz

 * I Just Can't Stand Cars / Teenage Teenage (7" Single, 1979)

Solo album by Hyde

 * Edgeland (Universal, 2013) – co-produced by Leo Abrahams

Singles by Hyde

 * "Cut Clouds" (Universal, 2013)
 * "The Boy with the Jigsaw Puzzle Fingers" (Universal, 2013)

Albums with others

 * Someday World (Warp, 2014) – with Brian Eno
 * High Life (Warp, 2014) – with Brian Eno
 * Fatherland (Original Music from the Stage Show) (Universal, 2017) – with Matthew Herbert

Publication by Hyde

 * I Am Dogboy: The Underworld Diaries. London: Faber and Faber, 2016. ISBN 978-0571328659. Contains diary entries, autobiographical writing, photographs and abstract poetry.

Publications paired with John Warwicker

 * Mmm ... Skyscraper I Love You: a Typographic Journal of New York. London: Booth-Clibborn, 2002. ISBN 978-1873968581.
 * In the Belly of Saint Paul. Underworld Print, 2003. ISBN 978-0954613105.

title: Karl Hyde


text:
Rick Smith

Rick Smith may refer to:

Sports

 * Rick Smith (American football, born 1948), American football coach
 * Rick Smith (American football executive), former General Manager of the Houston Texans of the NFL
 * Rick Smith (ice hockey) (born 1948), ice hockey player

Other

 * Rick Smith Jr. (born 1981), magician
 * Rick Smith (environmentalist) (born 1968), Canadian environmentalist
 * Rick Smith (author) (born 1967), American entrepreneur and business writer
 * Rick Smith (musician) (born 1959), member of the band Underworld
 * Rick Smith, CEO of Axon (formerly known as TASER International)
 * Rick Smith, also known as Richard F. Smith, former chairman and CEO of Equifax

title: Rick Smith


text:
London Drugs

London Drugs is a Canadian retail pharmacy chain based in Richmond, British Columbia. As of June 2021, the chain has 78 stores in Western Canada. In addition to pharmacy services, London Drugs locations also sell electronics, housewares, cosmetics, and a limited selection of grocery items.

History
London Drugs was founded by Sam Bass in 1945 as a small drugstore at 800 Main Street in Vancouver, British Columbia. Bass named his drugstore after the English city of London, the seat of the Canadian monarch.

In 1968, London Drugs was sold to Daylin, Inc. The next year, Daylin ran into financial difficulties in the US branch of its business, and decided to put London Drugs up for sale. In 1976, the business was acquired by the H.Y. Louie Group under the direction of President Tong Louie. Louie was son of Zhongshan born Vancouver grocer Hok Yat Louie (1875-1934).

Tong Louie expanded the company within BC and, for the first time, beyond the provincial border into Alberta with the first Edmonton location in 1976. In the next ten years, London Drugs tripled its number of stores.

During this growth, the company also began increasing the types of products available in stores. Small kitchen appliances, high end cosmetics and high quality photo equipment quickly became staple items lining the shelves.

In 1981, London Drugs expanded into another non-traditional drugstore category by installing its first One-Hour Photofinishing labs. The introduction of photofinishing labs into the store and the one-hour-photo revolution paved the way for London Drugs' introduction of a computer department in 1983.

In 2004, the St. Vital Shopping Centre in Winnipeg became the new home to London Drugs' first (and still only) Manitoba store.

Today, London Drugs has stores in more than 35 major markets throughout British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. According to their website, as of September 2019, they operate 82 stores. In addition to pharmacy, other major goods offered include cosmetics, small appliances, electronics, cameras and photo finishing, toys and food. London Drugs serves more than 45 million customers each year.

In January 2019, London Drugs acquired the Edmonton-based photography chain McBain Camera.

From April 28–May 7, 2024, all London Drugs stores were closed due to a ransomware attack on the company's head offices. Critical data infrastructure was rebuilt and audited. Urgent pharmacy care remained available during the closures. On May 21, 2024, the cybercriminal gang LockBit claimed responsibility for the attack, and threatened to release data within 48 hours if a ransom of $25 million is not paid. London Drugs stated that that they are "unwilling and unable to pay ransom" to the parties involved." No customer or primary employee data was compromised. On May 23, 2024, the company confirmed that data had been leaked by the hackers, and that affected employees were being offered identity theft protection services.

Brands
London Drugs markets its own brand of products and services under the following labels:

Locations
Of the chain's 78 stores, most are located in British Columbia, 37 of them in Vancouver and the surrounding area. There are also 20 stores in Alberta, 5 in Saskatchewan, and 1 in Manitoba.

title: London Drugs


text: User talk:70.241.28.110

title: User talk:70.241.28.110


text:
Viola Concerto (Walton)

The Viola Concerto by William Walton was written in 1929 and first performed at the Queen's Hall, London on 3 October of that year by Paul Hindemith as soloist and the composer conducting. It had been written with the violist Lionel Tertis in mind, and he took the work up after initially rejecting it. The concerto established Walton as a substantial figure in British music and has been recorded by leading violists internationally. Walton revised the instrumentation of the concerto in 1961, lightening the orchestral textures.

Background and first performances
In 1929 William Walton was regarded as an avant-garde composer, best known for Façade (1923), which had been a succès de scandale at its premiere. His exuberant and harmonically edgy concert overture Portsmouth Point (1926) maintained his reputation as an enfant terrible. Towards the end of 1928 the conductor Sir Thomas Beecham suggested that Walton should write a concerto for the violist Lionel Tertis, for whom composers including Vaughan Williams and Bax had written major works. After some preliminary discussion Walton agreed. He wrote the concerto while wintering in Amalfi, Italy, with his friends and patrons the Sitwells. He wrote in December 1928 that he was working hard on the piece, and in February 1929 that he had finished the second movement. He said he considered the concerto potentially his finest work to date, although whether this assessment would hold true would depend on how the third movement turned out.

On his return to England in the spring of 1929, Walton sent the completed concerto to Tertis, who immediately rejected it because of its modernity. Tertis later realised his error and wrote in his autobiography:

Walton was so disappointed by Tertis's refusal that he considered recasting the concerto for violin and orchestra. It is not clear where the suggestion came from that the German composer and violist Paul Hindemith should be invited to premiere the work. In 1974 Tertis wrote in his memoirs that he had recommended Hindemith to Walton, but Walton had recalled in 1962 that the idea came from Edward Clark of the BBC music department. Clark sent the manuscript to Hindemith, who agreed to give the first performance.

The first performance was at the Proms at the Queen's Hall, London, on 3 October 1929; Hindemith was the soloist and the Henry Wood Symphony Orchestra was conducted by the composer. Hindemith did not possess an immaculate technique, but played with strong character, a full tone and great emotion. The composer later wrote that Hindemith's "technique was marvellous, but he was rough—no nonsense about it. He just stood up and played." Tertis, who attended the premiere, realised that he had made a mistake in rejecting the concerto and soon took it up. When it was selected for performance at the International Society for Contemporary Music festival in Liège in September 1930, Tertis was the soloist, with Walton conducting. Over the next three years Tertis gave five more performances of the concerto.

1961 revision
Walton was given to revising his works after their first performances, and in 1961 he thinned the orchestration of the Viola Concerto, reducing the woodwind from triple to double, omitting one trumpet and the tuba, and adding a harp. The revised version was first performed at the Royal Festival Hall, London, on 18 January 1962, with John Coulling as soloist and the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent. There is some uncertainty about the solo part in this version. The violist Frederick Riddle, with whom Walton performed the work many times, made some adjustments to the solo line. He understood that Walton approved his changes and intended to incorporate them in the score of the revision, but when it was published, in 1962, the original line remained intact. In a 2006 study of the concerto, James F. Dunham attributes the omission of Riddle's revisions to a mistake by the publishers. A 2001 biography of Walton reports the composer's specific preference for his original version, without Riddle's alterations.

Analysis
The concerto carries the dedication "To Christabel" (the Hon. Mrs Henry McLaren, with whom Walton had a platonic friendship despite mutual physical attraction). The original scoring is for piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets, bass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani and strings. The 1961 revision (published in 1962) stipulates two flutes (one doubling piccolo), oboe, cor anglais, two clarinets (second doubling bass clarinet), two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, harp and strings. The playing time of the concerto is about 25 minutes.

In his study of Walton, Michael Kennedy comments that in its design the Viola Concerto resembles Elgar's Cello Concerto in beginning with a slow ("or at any rate ruminative") movement followed by a quick scherzo, and concentrating most weight into the finale, "which ends in a mood of pathos by recalling the principal theme of the first movement". Influences suggested by other writers are Prokofiev in his First Violin Concerto (1923), and Hindemith in his Kammermusik No. 5 (1927).

1. Andante comodo
The first movement, marked andante comodo, is in what Howes describes as a regular but condensed sonata form. After a three-bar introduction in which muted strings and low clarinet establish the tonality of A minor the viola enters with a melancholy theme, in the middle register of the instrument. The theme is passed to the oboe, with the viola accompanying; then the viola repeats the theme in the high register. The pace quickens and a series of viola chords leads to the second subject, a tranquil theme in D minor, for the viola in its lower register. The themes are developed at varying dynamics and speeds, with solo viola and orchestra handing the themes to and fro and playing them in canon at times. There is no formal cadenza. After a vigorous tutti the movement ends quietly with the melancholic theme with which it began, clashing A Major over A Minor harmonies and unsettling the listener before quietly dying away.

2. Scherzo and trio
The second movement, unusually for a concerto, has the character of a scherzo. The first part, is in a quartal harmony, but strongly suggesting an E minor tonality. The tempo marking vivo con moto preciso, is in a basic time but with many changes of metre. There is a climactic section for the full orchestra.

3. Finale – allegro moderato
In the words of the musicologist Christopher Palmer, "Here Walton pulls out all the stops". It is the longest of the three movements and as Frank Howes puts it in his study of Walton's music, it gathers up the mercurial emotions of the first two movements and reveals their serious purpose. The first theme is lively, elongating the rising fourths heard in the scherzo to rising fifths. It is introduced by the bassoon, followed by the viola over a pizzicato bass line, and is continued by the winds in contrapuntal lines. The second subject, deriving from the rocking figure of the first movement, is in the minor key. The development section mainly features on the first theme, gradually dividing it into fragments accompanying a long cantabile theme for the viola and later the woodwind. In the recapitulation, the first theme is given to the full orchestra, and the second to woodwinds and horns, with a viola counter-theme. A development passage leads to the coda that draws the earlier themes into a characteristic Walton fugal treatment, leading to the climactic synthesis of the themes.

Critical reception
The work was greeted with enthusiasm. It brought Walton to the forefront of British classical music. In The Manchester Guardian, Eric Blom wrote, "This young composer is a born genius" and said that it was tempting to call the concerto the best thing in recent music of any nationality. The musical scholar Sir Donald Tovey wrote:

In 1931 the teenage Benjamin Britten, later a friend but not an uncritical admirer of Walton, wrote in his diary about "Walton's wonderful Vla Concerto (beautifully played by Tertis) … a work of genius". A dissenting voice was that of Sir Edward Elgar, who heard the concerto at the Three Choirs Festival in 1932 – the only time the two composers met. Elgar did not like the work and is said to have expressed dismay privately that "such music should be thought fit for a stringed instrument".

Ballet
In 1972 the choreographer Joe Layton used the concerto for a ballet about Oscar Wilde, O.W., given by the Royal Ballet at Sadler's Wells Theatre, London. The prologue of the ballet was danced to music from Walton's The Quest, and for the main section the Viola Concerto was used. At the premiere Riddle was the viola soloist.

Recordings
The Riddle, Primrose and Power versions use the original scoring.
 * Source: Naxos Music Library.

title: Viola Concerto (Walton)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Diablerized

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. Didn't really see anything that wasn't mentioned, edit hitory is preserved for those interested. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 00:15, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Diablerized
Merge with diablerie and delete redirect: this article is redundant. Goblin ›talk 22:55, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/Redirect to Diablerie. — RJH 23:21, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect No need to have two articles. The demiurge 21:45, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Happysmurfday

A birthday greeting in the Smurf language.

title: User:Happysmurfday


text: Category:American farmers

title: Category:American farmers


text:
The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam

The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam is a book, first published in 1967, written by Middle-East historian Bernard Lewis, and published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. An updated edition was published by Oxford University Press in 1987, and another in 2002 by Basic Books.

Description
Lewis, a British-American professor of history at Princeton University, traces the history of the secret Islamic sect known as the Assassins, an order of the Nizari Ismailis that used assassinations throughout the Middle Ages to achieve political, military, and religious goals.

The book has been noted for its arguments linking the early assassins with modern Islamic terrorism.

title: The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam


text:
Talk:Vienna Illuminated Chronicle

Does anyone has any information about Vienna Illuminated Chronicle manuscript, The image posted in the page is from the manuscript, the Incunabulum Chronicle of Ján z Turca is very different regarding the images. It is the below image from Matias Kalt? or where is this manuscript _

I doubt that anybody here is able to answer such a specific question...Juro 23:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Kálti Márk began to write his chronicle in 1358. The image „battle of Posada” posted from this manuscript. Other image it is a woodcut from incunabulum (Thuróczy, Iohannes: Chronica Hungarorum, 1488). See new external link and language magyar!--81.183.164.213 14:54, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vienna Illuminated Chronicle


text:
Folgefonna

Folgefonna is a collective term for three plateau glaciers in the Hardanger region of Vestland county, Norway. They are located on the Folgefonna peninsula in the municipalities of Ullensvang, Kvinnherad, and Etne. The three glaciers are:
 * Nordre (northern) Folgefonna, with an area of 26 km2
 * Midtre (central) Folgefonna, with an area of 11 km2
 * Søndre (southern) Folgefonna, with an area of 167 km2, making it the third largest glacier in the mainland of Norway.

In total, Folgefonna covers about 207 km2 (measured in 2006). On 14 May 2005, Folgefonna National Park was established, protecting the glaciers and the surrounding areas.

The glacier is home to a summer skiing resort, located on its northern region. The largest outflow glaciers from Folgefonna are Blomstølskardbreen, Bondhusbreen, and Buarbreen. Since around 1960, Blomstølskardbreen on the southern end of Folgefonna has changed very little. Bondhusbreen and Buerbreen further north were growing in the 1990s, but have been retreating since the year 2000. The glacier is a famous tourist attraction. Most people who visit the town of Odda usually take the walk to Buarbreen (a part of Folgafonna).

The melt-water from this glacier is bottled at source to form the product Isklar. The melt-water also goes down the river from Buarbreen down into the lake Sandvinvatnet.

Name
The first element is folge meaning 'thin layer of snow' and the last element is the finite form of fonn meaning 'mass of snow, glacier made of snow'.

title: Folgefonna


text:
Talk:Shep and the Limelites

One-hit wonder?
This group and the hit song is listed in the 1950's one hit wonder list in Wikipedia. Either this article or the listing must be in error.
 * Thanks for the heads-up. I believe that you're referring to 1950s One-hit wonders in the United States. Here's what George Povall writes on p.7 of the booklet for The complete Shep & the Limelites, a double-CD on the WestSide label (1998):
 * The huge success of "Daddy's Home" in 1961 was followed by six more entries on the national pop and R & B charts over the next three years. These hits and their peak positions, were "Ready For Your Love" (#42), "Three Steps From The Altar" (#58), "What Did Daddy Do" (#94), "Our Anniversary" (#7 R & B), "Remember Baby" (#91) and "Why, Why Won't You Believe Me" (#125).
 * This is slightly ambiguous but I suppose it means that the five "entries" listed here aside from "Our Anniversary" reached these positions in the pop list. We learn nothing about the fate of "Our Anniversary" in the pop list. Nothing here contradicts the assertion that Shep and the Limelites only got into the pop top 40 a single time. I happen to think that "one-hit wonder" is an exaggeration when applied to this group, but I suppose this is how the term is commonly used. -- Hoary 02:01, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Name change
While I couldn't figure out how to rename the article itself, to be consistent with names of album(s) and singles, I changed "and" to "&", and "the" to "The" within the article. Album covers of the time reflect the ampersand was part of the actual name. For Example: http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Shep-and-The-Limelites.html or a search at a CD store, such as Amazon, etc. Misty MH (talk) 03:08, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shep and the Limelites


text:
Talk:George Henry Boker

Confusing sentence

 * His easy circumstances made it possible for him to balance his ascetic taste for scholarship with riding horse-back. To which he added the skilled ability to box, fence and dance.

This is not English; what meaning is ascetic intended to bear? Septentrionalis 22:57, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:George Henry Boker


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Marty O'Hara

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY SPEEDIED, but not by me. -Splash 21:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Marty O'Hara
Blatant vanity about someone's favorite history teacher. Delete. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 22:57, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to speedy this as patent nonsense. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 23:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Be advised that patent nonsense is intended to refer to completely unintelligible text, ie. random characters, not merely nonsensical sentences. At least that's how people are explaining it. EvilPhoenix talk 00:25, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Drumsac

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   22:58, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Hello . . . . . . ......... Jason?
I just ran into you checking some edits that were made to the/my Don & Dewey and Sugarcane Harris articles and thought that I'd say 'hi."  I am also a drummer, so you'll find me at various mostly session and other drum history articles - and am also a dj [non-professional] for KLDK - which was my first radio article.  Anyway, thanks for the good editing [I'm tempted to return the word "pioneering" somewhere] and I look forwarad to crossing sticks [a melding of "crossing paths" and "crossing swords"] with you again.  Carptrash 17:43, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia New York Meet-Up
Howdy! Please come to the First Annual New York Wikipedian Central Park Picnic. R.S.V.P. @ Meetup/NYC --David Shankbone 22:35, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Maple Leaf Bar
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Maple Leaf Bar, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of Maple Leaf Bar. Mbisanz (talk) 17:00, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drumsac


text:
Tarzan Taborda

Albano Taborda Curto Esteves (May 27, 1935 - September 9, 2005) was a Portuguese professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Tarzan Taborda.

Career
Born in Aldeia do Bispo, Penamacor, Portugal, Esteves became a professional wrestler after coming second in the Mister Europe bodybuilding competition. He wrestled over 4000 professional wrestling matches (without losing a single one in his native country) from the late 1950s until 1981, earning the nicknames Taborda Sputnik, Tarzan Curtys, White Angel (France), King Kong (Africa), Mr. Mexico, and Juan Perez, among others.

As achievements he was four times European Champion and five times World Champion.WrestlingPortugal He also wrestled in the Middle East, in countries like Iraq, where he performed in Baghdad for Saddam Hussein.

Tarzan Taborda was also a ballet dancer in Le Lido, Paris, and a stuntman, where he worked with Brigitte Bardot, Alain Delon, John Wayne and Robert Mitchum on various movies.

In 1992 he published a book titled "Como prolongar a vida com força saúde e beleza ao alcance de todos com método de cultura física".

Until 1994, he was the World Wrestling Federation's color commentator for their television airings in Portugal.

On September 9, 2005 he died of a myocardial infarction at the age of 70.

title: Tarzan Taborda


text:
User:Buckets

Buckets is a plumber who works in Edmonton and a proud Alberta separatist. My friends gave me the nickname "buckets" right after high-school because I was making so much money--"here comes buckets of moolah", which got shortened to "buckets" and it stuck.

title: User:Buckets


text:
User talk:Rjh (usurped)

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   22:58, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Salvagenfld.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded, Image:Salvagenfld.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. —Wknight94 (talk) 22:35, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Happy-adventure.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Happy-adventure.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. —Wknight94 (talk) 22:35, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Salvagenfld.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Salvagenfld.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. — Rebelguys2 talk 00:16, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Request for usurpation
Hello, Rjh. A request has been made at Changing username/Usurpations to usurp, or "take over", your username because another user would like to use it to edit. The changing username guideline allows a username that is not being actively used to be usurped if the user is given an opportunity to object and does not do so.

If you have an email set in your preferences, you should be getting an email from a bureaucrat or changing username clerk explaining how to consent or object to this process.

If you do not object to being renamed to a new username in order for another user to use the name you currently have, please log in and post a reply here saying so (you may also tell us what username you would like to be renamed to, or we will provide you with a generic one).

If you do nothing : the request may be filled shortly, and your account will be moved to a generic username. You may request that it be moved to a new username of your choice at any time.

If you object to being renamed : please log in and make an edit to this page clearly stating that you object to usurpation. Any objection on your part will prevent usurpation.

Please note that even if your current username is usurped, you can still edit and your data will not be lost; your preferences, watchlist, and other user settings will be transferred to a new username.

Thank you for your time. – xeno talk 19:38, 20 January 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rjh (usurped)


text:
User:Andreala

bits and bobs...

title: User:Andreala


text:
Nijjar

Nijjar is a surname found in India. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Aron Nijjar (born 1994), English cricketer
 * Rob Nijjar (born 1967), Canadian politician
 * Sunny Singh Nijjar, Indian actor
 * Surinder Singh Nijjar (1949–2021), Indian judge
 * Hardeep Singh Nijjar (1977–2023), Canadian Sikh separatist leader

title: Nijjar


text:
Terje Søviknes

Terje Søviknes (born 28 February 1969) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party who has served as the mayor of Bjørnafjorden since 2023. He previously served as minister of petroleum and energy from December 2016 to August 2018. From December 2019 to January 2020 he was the minister of the elderly and public health. He also serves as the party's second deputy leader since 2019, a post he previously held from 1999 to 2001.

Søviknes was the first politician of his party to become mayor of a Norwegian municipality, namely Os, Hordaland in 1999, and one of the longest-serving, retaining the position for five consecutive elections until his 2016 government appointment.

Early life and education
Søviknes was born in Os, Norway to metalworker and fisherman Eirik Søviknes (born 1939) and store clerk Gunn Drange (born 1942). He grew up on Søvikneset in Lysefjorden. He attended Os Senior high school from 1985 to 1988. He earned a degree in marine engineering from Bergen College of Engineering in 1992, and later studied at the Norwegian School of Economics.

Early career and sex scandal
From 1999 to 2001, Søviknes was the second deputy leader of the Progress Party together with Siv Jensen, and was considered as a possible successor to Carl I. Hagen as leader of the party. He however became controversial after an incident at a party congress in 2001 where he had sexually abused a 16-year-old intoxicated member of the Youth of the Progress Party. Søviknes retained his position as mayor of Os (since 1999) and did not lose his local support after the incident.

Mayor of Os
After first being elected mayor following the 1999 local elections, his local party's support subsequently surged from 36.6 to 45.7% (the highest share of votes for the party in a municipality for the election) in the 2003 local elections. The success was repeated in the 2007 local elections when he was reelected by a landslide. The candidate from the Conservative Party who came in second, jokingly commented that "You don't challenge Terje Søviknes in Os." He was yet again reelected in the 2011 local elections, this time however by a far lesser margin. This led to speculation that he could be ousted from power by a coalition of the other parties. Søviknes remained in power with the support of the Conservative Party. He won a fifth term at the 2015 local elections with 39.5% of the vote. With Os being merged with the neighbouring Fusa municipality, Søviknes led his local party into the 2019 local elections, securing 32% of the vote in the new Bjørnafjorden municipality. Despite this, the Labour Party secured a majority with the Centre Party, with Trine Lindborg ultimately becoming mayor.

Os has since by himself and the media been seen as a showcase municipality for the Progress Party. This is as he in his first term as mayor achieved full kindergarten coverage, full nursing home coverage and started a program of well-being and health journeys to Spain and related locations. It was also established a "full" stop of immigration and a local Vinmonopol store. Successful in being consecutively elected as mayor from 2003 to 2007, in this term the main issues was development of the city centre, better drug addiction recovery programs, development of schools and construction of a waterpark. While the municipality was struggling with large deficits before Søviknes became mayor, this has since been turned into a significant surplus as of 2004. His successful career as mayor of Os has gained him the nickname the "Wizard of Os" by the media.

Minister of Petroleum and Energy
On 20 December 2016, Søviknes was appointed Minister of Petroleum and Energy in the Solberg Cabinet, succeeding fellow party member Tord Lien.

In October 2017, he was found to have misinformed the Storting about a controversial petroleum project's finalisation date. The project was scheduled to be finished in 2022, three years after what Søviknes had previously stated.

During his tenure, the government approved for Norway to join the European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators or Acer in 2018. This faced heavy opposition from people against the EU, even escalating to Søviknes receiving death threats.

He resigned in late August 2018 citing family reasons, and instead returned to become mayor of Os, a position he held for a year until Os was merged with Fusa to become Bjørnafjorden municipality in 2020.

Minister of the Elderly and Public Health
In December 2019, Erna Solberg commenced a reshuffle where she appointed Søviknes to become Minister of the Elderly and Public Health succeeding fellow party member Sylvi Listhaug, who had been appointed as Minister of Petroleum and Energy. Like Listhaug, his term was cut short after a month when the Progress Party withdrew from the government, citing conflict within the government about bringing an ISIS associated woman and her sick children home.

Second term as deputy leader
Søviknes was re-elected as the party's second deputy leader at the party congress on 5 May 2019, succeeding Ketil Solvik-Olsen who didn't stand for re-election citing family reasons. In 2021, following Siv Jensen's announced departure as party leader, Søviknes said he was open to continue as second deputy leader if Listhaug was elected her successor. Listhaug was subsequently elected party leader at the party convention, with Ketil Solvik-Olsen as first deputy leader, while Søviknes was re-elected as second deputy.

Mayor of Bjørnafjorden
He was the Bjørnafjorden Progress Party's mayoral candidate in the 2023 local elections. His party became the largest party and soon after announced that they would be working with the Conservatives for the next council term, and that he would become mayor and the Conservatives' Marie Bruarøy deputy mayor. Both officially assumed office on 19 October.

In December 2023, he acknowledged that he had been storing 30 lobsters beyond the peacetime deadline of 1 December, which the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries uncovered during an inspection of his dock on 4 December.

Personal life
Søviknes married Janniche Askeland in 1998 and they have two children together. In October 2011 they announced that they were separating. Søviknes is an avid bridge enthusiast and former president of the Os Bridge Club.

Awards

 * Zero Emission Resource Organisation's Local climate measure of the year : 2011
 * Norwegian Lifesaving Society's Badge of Honour: 1993

title: Terje Søviknes


text:
User talk:Andreala

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   22:58, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andreala