text:
Avara

Avara is a 1996 first-person shooter written by Juri Munkki for Macintosh and published by Ambrosia Software. A fast 3D engine, integrated Internet play, and easy level editing were notable features at the time of its release. While not commercially successful, the game found a cult following. Munkki publicly released the source code in 2016, the game's 20th anniversary.

Gameplay
Players operated a remote-controlled bipedal robot known as a Hostile Environment Combat and Tactical Operations Remote, or HECTOR. The unit's characteristics were customizable, ranging in mass from 150 to 220 kg, and stood about 2 m tall. Larger models could hold more weaponry, useful in the game's primary mode as a shooter, but were less maneuverable in combat. The name HECTOR represents a thinly-guised tribute to Hector D. Byrd, Ambrosia's mascot, a female grey parrot.

Flying scout units controlled by each player provided an aerial view of the action, but were defenseless and could be destroyed by enemies or other HECTORs. Up to 6 players could join a game at once, either free-for-all, or in arbitrary teams which were chosen by color. Team color choice also affected the in-game HECTOR model's appearance. During games, players could communicate using an integrated text-based chat system.

Level maps for the engine's fully 3D world could be created using user-friendly, vector-based drawing programs such as ClarisWorks, ClarisDraw, or ShareDraw. Avara was bundled with some of these level packs, both for solo play and multiplayer modes, and fan-created packs were available for download from Ambrosia's website.

Development
Juri Munkki, the designer of Avara, had been interested in 3D graphics since the release of Apple II, however, the computer lacked the processing power required for his ideas. Upon the release of Hellcats, Munkki realised that fast polygon rendering was possible on Mac II. For the second time, Munkki attempted writing his own polygon rendering library in late 1992 and successfully created an early version of the rendering used in Avara.

Although Munkki was working on 3D wireframe graphics at the time, this animation library was strictly 2D. Munkki used this polygon library to write a unique sprite animation, in which sprites were polygons able to transform (scale, rotate, distort) freely.

In May 1994, Munkki attended Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference for the first time. Due to the fast speed objects were moving up and down the screen, people tended to incorrectly assume he was using very fast 3D graphics. Munkki wished to show his technology to a "gaming evangelist", and was readying demos on a PowerBook in the main hall of the San Jose Convention Centre. He never met the games evangelist as they never arrived at the meeting.Stuart Cheshire (the author of Bolo for Macintosh) was sitting behind Munkki as he was readying his demos and told him he would like to see a real 3D version of his technology to use in a 3D version of Bolo. Munkki said he would keep in touch if anything came from the 2D polygon work.

Munkki met with Christian Fanz who was working on an Elite style game for Macintosh. Fanz was having difficulty making his 3D graphics fast enough for release. Following the advice of Cheshire, Munkki attempted to implement a BSP library.

Both Cheshire and Fanz were impressed with the demo. Munkki wrote a few demos to show how the library was used, using spaceship models as samples. One of the demos allowed the player to drive around scenery. The idea of this was to verify that the objects were being sorted into correct visual order. Avara was created using the concept of this experimental stress test.

Munkki wanted to create a battlezone style game, where a turret could move freely. He spent a few weeks before Christmas writing a simple networked game/demo which involved tanks with freely moving turrets. Munkki believed that it could be fun to allow the game to evolve by letting other shareware/freeware authors work on it, so he posted an article on comp.sys.mac.games inviting others to develop the game however they wanted. Andrew Welch, the president of Ambrosia software saw this article, leading to Avara becoming an Ambrosia title.

The walking robot (H.E.C.T.O.R) originally didn't have a name and its ability to jump was only written when Munkki believed the game was ready for public release, aside from still requiring levels to play with. The idea of the walking and jumping robot slightly predates the engine. In addition to the walking animation code from 1992, Munkki had early sketches of H.E.C.T.O.R jumping, however, he didn't originally intend the function to be in the game.

Welch frequently played Cheshire's Bolo, and insisted on Avara having internet play, however Munkki didn't think the program architecture and game were suitable for internet play. Despite this, in January 1996 he attempted to make Avara suitable for internet play, writing code that "kinda" worked.. Encouraged by this success, Munkki continued developing the internet code until he could play Avara from Finland to the USA (modem to modem).

Welch and Munkki created multiple interesting levels together and released Avara 1.0.0.

Munkki frequently played Avara in its first weeks of release, however, he had to change ISP's (for reasons unrelated to Avara) at the time. The connections from this new ISP were inadequate to play Avara. After two years of playing Avara every day, Munkki was unsurprising tired of the game.

Reception
Avara was a commercial flop. At the time, it was Ambrosia's poorest selling game next to Chiral.

Legacy
In 2017, Munkki posted the source to his GitHub account, under the MIT software license. In September 2018, a fan-made port of Avara was posted on GitHub. It supports recent versions of Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.

title: Avara


text:
Dumb Witness

Dumb Witness is a detective fiction novel by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 5 July 1937 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year under the title of Poirot Loses a Client. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.

The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and is narrated by his friend Arthur Hastings. It is the last book to feature the character of Hastings until the final Poirot novel, 1975's Curtain: Poirot's Last Case, which he also narrates.

Reviews of this novel at publication in 1937 were generally positive, though several pointed out what they considered to be plot weaknesses. The author does "this sort of thing so superlatively well", while The Times in London questioned one of the actions by the murderer: "who would use hammer and nails and varnish in the middle of the night near an open bedroom door?" In the New York Times, this novel was not considered "Mrs Christie's best, but she has produced a much-better-than-average thriller nevertheless", which is a view shared by "Torquemada" (Edward Powys Mathers), who called this "the least of all the Poirot books" and then concluded "Still, better a bad Christie than a good average." By contrast, Mary Dell considered this novel to be "Mrs Christie at her best". The Scotsman felt the author deserved "full marks" for this novel. A review in 1990 found this novel to be not very interesting, with obvious clues.

Plot summary
Wealthy spinster Emily Arundell writes to Hercule Poirot in the belief she has been the victim of an attempted murder after a fall in her Berkshire home. Her family and household believe she tripped over a ball left by her fox terrier, Bob. After Poirot receives the letter, he travels to Miss Arundell’s home, only to learn she is dead; her physician, Dr Grainger, states her death was from chronic liver problems. While recovering from her earlier fall, she made a new will, which bequeathed her vast fortune and home to her paid companion, Minnie Lawson.

Seeking to investigate Miss Arundell's belief that someone wanted to murder her, Poirot, accompanied by Captain Hastings, notes that under her previous will, her nephew Charles and nieces Theresa and Bella would have inherited. All three consider contesting the will.

Visiting the house on the pretence of buying it, Poirot discovers a nail covered with varnish at the top of the stairs, and deduces a string had been tied to it. Through Miss Arundell's last words, he concludes that Bob had been out all night and that she had therefore fallen down the stairs as a result of a tripwire, and there is a chance Miss Arundell was indeed murdered. Her family therefore become suspects in the matter.

During his investigation, Poirot learns that a luminous aura was noticed coming from the dead woman's mouth when she spoke during a seance. Visiting Miss Lawson at her home, he learns that she saw someone moving about on the night of Miss Arundell's fall, who wore a brooch with the initials "TA". At the same time, Miss Lawson's gardener recalls Charles inquiring about his arsenic-based weed killer and is surprised to find the bottle containing it to be nearly empty.

Bella later leaves her Greek husband Jacob, on the implication he bullies her, taking the children with her. After Miss Lawson helps hide them in a hotel, Poirot moves her to another for fear of a second murder; before he does, he gives her a summary of Miss Arundell's death. The next day, Bella is found dead from an overdose of sleeping medication.

Bringing the surviving family members together, Poirot reveals Bella was the murderer. She hated her husband and sought to separate from him and keep her children in England. As she had no means to do so, she resolved to kill Miss Arudenll to hasten her inheritance. When the attempt with the tripwire failed, she filled one of Miss Arundell's patent capsules with elemental phosphorus, knowing the poison would mimic the symptoms of liver failure. The aura witnessed by those attending the seance was due to the poison Miss Arundell had unknowingly consumed.

When she found out her aunt changed her will and that Poirot had discovered the cause of her death, Bella found herself in a far worse quandary. She relinquished her children to their father before committing suicide; the medication was originally intended to be used to murder Jacob, who was to be her second victim.

Poirot reveals that Miss Lawson saw Bella on the night of Emily's fall, though in a mirror; the brooch's initials were reversed from that of "AT" – Arabella Tanios. The arsenic was stolen by Theresa, who intended to use it, but could not bear to do so in the end. A small sum of cash that went missing was later discovered to have been stolen by Charles; he knew his aunt had changed her will before her death. Knowing Emily wished for no scandal, Poirot honours this, while Miss Lawson decides to share her inheritance with Theresa, Charles, and Bella's children. Meanwhile, Poirot and Hastings find themselves returning home with Bob joining them.

Characters

 * Hercule Poirot: the renowned Belgian detective who solves the case.
 * Captain Arthur Hastings: narrator, a friend of Poirot.
 * Emily Arundell: wealthy older woman who never married, owner of Little Green House; last survivor of five siblings, Matilda, Emily, Arabella, Thomas, and Agnes. She was murdered by poison.
 * Theresa Arundell: fashionable, attractive niece of Emily Arundell, not yet 30 years old; spent the capital she inherited at age 21 from her father; engaged to ambitious young doctor.
 * Dr Rex Donaldson: Theresa's fiancé, and younger partner to Dr. Grainger.
 * Charles Arundell: nephew of Emily Arundell and brother to Theresa, in his early thirties; son of Thomas Arundell and widowed Mrs Varley. He also spent the capital of his inheritance from his father, and settled in British Columbia, Canada.
 * Bella Tanios: niece of Emily Arundell, cousin to Charles and Theresa; plain looking daughter of Arabella Arundell and Professor Biggs, who taught chemistry at an English university.
 * Dr Jacob Tanios: Bella's husband, of Greek descent, a physician practicing in Smyrna.
 * Edward Tanios: young son of Bella and Jacob.
 * Mary Tanios: young daughter of Bella and Jacob, about 7 years old.
 * Ellen: long time member of Emily Arundell's household staff.
 * Wilhelmina (Minnie) Lawson: Emily Arundell's companion for the last year, and in her final will, sole heiress.
 * Isabel and Julia Tripp: two eccentric sisters and amateur spiritualists who share a home near Little Green House.
 * Dr Grainger: physician to Emily Arundell; in Market Basing since 1919.
 * Miss Peabody: long time resident of village and friend of Emily Arundell, she knew all the Arundell siblings and shared her knowledge with Poirot.
 * Bob: Wire Fox Terrier belonging to Emily Arundell and the titular dumb witness.

Literary significance and reception
John Davy Hayward in the Times Literary Supplement (10 July 1937), while approving of Christie's work, commented on some length at what he felt was a central weakness of this book: "Who, in their senses, one feels, would use hammer and nails and varnish in the middle of the night within a few feet of an open door! – a door, moreover, that was deliberately left open at night for observation! And, incidentally, do ladies wear large brooches on their dressing gowns? .. These are small but tantalising points which it would not be worth raising in the work of a less distinguished writer than Mrs Christie; but they are worth recording, if only as a measure of curiosity and interest with which one approaches her problems and attempts to anticipate their solution."

In The New York Times Book Review (26 September 1937), Kay Irvin wrote that "Agatha Christie can be depended upon to tell a good tale. Even when she is not doing her most brilliant work she holds her reader's attention, leads them on from clue to clue, and from error to error, until they come up with a smash against surprise in the end. She is not doing her most brilliant work in Poirot Loses A Client, but she has produced a much-better-than-average thriller nevertheless, and her plot has novelty, as it has sound mechanism, intriguing character types, and ingenuity.

In The Observer's issue of 18 July 1937, "Torquemada" (Edward Powys Mathers) said, "usually after reading a Poirot story the reviewer begins to scheme for space in which to deal with it adequately; but Dumb Witness, the least of all the Poirot books, does not have this effect on me, though my sincere admiration for Agatha Christie is almost notorious. Apart from a certain baldness of plot and crudeness of characterisation on which this author seemed to have outgrown years ago, and apart from the fact that her quite pleasing dog has no testimony to give either way concerning the real as opposed to the attempted murder, her latest book betrays two main defects. In the first place, on receiving a delayed letter from a dead old lady Poirot blindly follows a little grey hunch. In the second place, it is all very well for Hastings not to see the significance of the brooch in the mirror, but for Poirot to miss it for so long is almost an affront to the would-be worshipper. Still, better a bad Christie than a good average."

The Scotsman of 5 July 1937 started off with: "In Agatha Christie's novel there is a minor question of construction which might be raised." The reviewer then went on to outline the set-up of the plot up to the point where Poirot receives Emily Arundell's letter and then said, "Why should the story not have begun at this point? M. Poirot reconstructs it from here and the reader would probably have got more enjoyment out of it if he had not had a hint of the position already. But the detection is good, and the reader has no ground for complaint, for the real clue is dangled before his eyes several times, and because it seems a normal feature of another phenomenon than poisoning that he tends to ignore it. For this Agatha Christie deserves full marks."

E. R. Punshon of The Guardian began his review column of 13 July 1937 by an overview comparison of the books in question that week (in addition to Dumb Witness, I'll be Judge, I'll be Jury by Milward Kennedy, Hamlet, Revenge! by Michael Innes, Dancers in Mourning by Margery Allingham and Careless Corpse by C. Daly King) when he said, "Only Mrs Christie keeps closer to the old tradition, and this time she adds much doggy lore and a terrier so fascinating that even Poirot himself is nearly driven from the centre of the stage." In the review proper, he went on to say that the dedication of the novel to Peter was, "a fact that in this dog-worshipping country is enough of itself to ensure success." He observed that Poirot, "shows all of his usual acumen; Captain Hastings – happily once more at Poirot's side – more than all his usual stupidity, and there is nothing left for the critic but to offer his usual tribute of praise to another of Mrs Christie's successes. She does indeed this sort of thing so superlatively well that one is ungratefully tempted to wish she would do something just a little well different, even if less well."

In the Daily Mirror (8 July 1937), Mary Dell wrote: "Once I had started reading, I did not have to rely on Bob or his cleverness to keep me interested. This is Agatha Christie at her best." She concluded, "Here's a book that will keep all thriller fans happy from page one to page three hundred and something."

Robert Barnard: "Not quite vintage for the period: none of the relations of the dead woman is particularly interesting, and the major clue is very obvious. The doggy stuff is rather embarrassing, though done with affection and knowledge. At the end the dog is given to Hastings – or possibly vice versa."

References to other works

 * Chapter 11: "Poirot's travellings in the East, as far as I knew, consisted of one journey to Syria extended to Iraq, and which occupied perhaps a few weeks". After solving a case in Syria by the request of his friend, Poirot decided to travel to Iraq before returning to England and, while in Iraq, was requested to solve a case, which he did and which is told in Christie's 1936 novel Murder in Mesopotamia, after which Poirot returned to Syria and boarded Orient Express to return home and en route solved Murder on the Orient Express.
 * Chapter 18: Poirot gives a list of murderers from previous cases of his, more precisely Death in the Clouds (1935), The Mysterious Affair at Styles (1920), The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926), and The Mystery of the Blue Train (1928).

Possible errata
The son of Bella and Jacob Tanios is mentioned as Edward and, twice, as John in the novel. The boy is mentioned by name by his mother in Chapters 2, 16, 17 and by his father in Chapters 2 and 17 as well. At any other time, they are mentioned as "the children". At the very end of Chapter 16 in one print version, when Bella, her daughter Mary and Poirot are joined by Jacob Tanios and their son, Poirot asks Bella a question and she replies: ''"When do you return to Smyrna, madame?" "In a few weeks' time. My husband – ah! here is my husband and John with him."''

At the start of Chapter 17, Jacob Tanios then calls his son John: ''"Here we are," he said, smiling to his wife. "John has been passionately thrilled by his first ride in the tube. He has always been in buses until today."''

Other print versions have more switches between John and Edward (in Chapter 2 a few sentences apart, for example).

However, in the audiobook edition read by Hugh Fraser, the boy is always called Edward, even in those two instances where the print version has the wrong name. Thus they are termed errata. It is not clear when the errata were corrected for the audiobook.

The book is inconsistent in its references to Bella Tanios' maiden name. There is an early reference to her as Bella Winter (see Chapter 1, page 8 "For Bella Winter, Emily Arundell's niece, had married a Greek"). Later she is referred to as Bella Biggs, daughter of Professor Biggs (see Chapter 10, page 74 "Emily was alone in the world then, and they and Bella Biggs were the only kith and kin she had.") Although since Hastings is narrating the book, they can obviously be mistakes on his part.

Also in the audio book, the title of Chapter 18 is A Cuckoo in the Nest, changed from A Nigger in the Woodpile, in early texts. That change is more likely attributed to changing values as to accepted language, than considered errata.

History
Dumb Witness was based on a short story entitled "The Incident of the Dog's Ball". For many years, this short story was kept along with Agatha Christie's other papers in a room at Greenway that came to be known as the so-called “fax room”. To add dramatic effect at the time of the story's eventual publication, it was claimed that the story had been thought lost until it was located by the author's daughter in a crate of her personal effects, in 2004. "The Incident of the Dog's Ball" was published in Britain in September 2009 in John Curran's Agatha Christie's Secret Notebooks: Fifty Years of Mysteries in the Making. The short story was also published by The Strand Magazine in their tenth anniversary issue of the revived magazine in 2009.

Quotes
Poirot on lying as needed to learn the facts, in conversation with Hastings in Chapter 26:

H: "More lies, I suppose?"

P: "You are really very offensive sometimes, Hastings. Anybody would think I enjoyed telling lies."

H: "I rather think you do. In fact, I'm sure of it."

P: "It is true that I sometimes compliment myself upon my ingenuity," Poirot confessed naively.

Television
In 1996 the novel was adapted by Douglas Watkinson as part of the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot, starring David Suchet as Poirot. The adaptation made a number of changes to it, which included the following:

 * The setting was changed from Berkshire to England's Lake District.
 * Poirot visits the Arundell home before Emily dies, and not after; he does not use the pretence of buying it to examine the house. In addition, after learning of her fall, he influences her to change her will to favour Miss Lawson, and later advises her companion to share out her inheritance to the Arundell family after the court case.
 * Charles Arundell is a motor-boat racer and a friend of Captain Hastings, who attempts to beat the water speed record, and uses his aunt to finance the attempts. His sister Theresa is changed from the vain, young, engaged woman in the novel to a single woman in her late thirties.
 * Bella Tanios does not leave on her own with the children, but is helped by Poirot and Hastings to the home of Emily's friends the Tripp sisters.
 * No arsenic is stolen in the adaptation.
 * The role of the dog, Bob, the dumb witness who is suspected of causing Emily's fall, is slightly altered in the television adaptation – in the novel the dog often left the ball on the landing, and the people of the house put it away, but on the night of Emily's fall the dog had been outside all night with the ball in a drawer. In the adaptation, the dog always takes the ball with him to his basket, never leaving it anywhere else, proving that when it was found on the stairs, it could not have been the dog's doing but must involve someone else; Bob was not outside the house when Emily fell in this adaptation.
 * An additional murder was added into the adaptation – that of Dr Grainger. Whilst talking to Miss Lawson about Emily's death, he had suddenly realised the significance of the mist coming out of Emily as a sign, realising how she was poisoned with elemental phosphorus, but foolishly alerted Bella to his suspicions. Thus, Bella went to his room while he slept, and opened up an unlit gas heater, flooding the room with coal gas, killing him as a result.
 * When Poirot reveals his findings to all, Bella does not commit suicide; she is present with the others, and exposed as the murderer, rather than being given a summary of it by Poirot on her own.
 * Bob the dog does not return to London with Poirot and Hastings but is taken in by the Tripp sisters.

The cast includes:

 * Hugh Fraser as Hastings
 * Ann Morrish as Emily Arundel
 * Patrick Ryecart as Charles Arundel
 * Kate Buffery as Theresa Arundel
 * Paul Herzberg as Jacob Tanios
 * Julia St. John as Bella Tanios
 * Norma West as Wilhelmina Lawson
 * Jonathan Newth as Dr. Grainger

2013: It was adapted as a 2013 episode of the French television series Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie.

Radio
BBC Radio 4 broadcast a full cast adaptation of the novel in 2006, featuring John Moffatt as Hercule Poirot and Simon Williams as Captain Arthur Hastings. Music was composed by Tom Smail.

The production was recorded for sale as an audio book on cassette or CD. Three editions of this BBC Radio Full Cast Drama were released in the UK and US markets, the latest being the January 2010 US edition on CD, ISBN 9781602838086.

Graphic novel
Dumb Witness was released by HarperCollins as a graphic novel adaptation on 6 July 2009, adapted and illustrated by "Marek" (ISBN 0-00-729310-0).

Publication history

 * 1937, Collins Crime Club (London), 5 July 1937, Hardcover, 320 pp
 * 1938, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1937, Hardcover, 302 pp
 * 1945, Avon Books, Paperback, 260 pp (Avon number 70)
 * 1949, Pan Books, Paperback, 250 pp (Pan number 82)
 * 1958, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 255 pp
 * 1965, Dell Books, Paperback, 252 pp
 * 1969, Pan Books, Paperback, 218 pp
 * 1973, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 454 pp
 * 1975, Fontana Books, Paperback, 255 pp
 * 2007, Poirot Facsimile Edition (Facsimile of 1937 UK First Edition), HarperCollins, 3 January 2007, Hardback, ISBN 0-00-723446-5

In addition to those listed above, thirteen paperbacks issued from July 1969 (Macmillan UK edition) to June 2011 (William Morrow US edition ISBN 9780062073754) are shown at Fantastic Fiction. The most recent hardback edition was issued in April 2013 for the US market by Center Point ISBN 9781611736830.

The book is in continuous publication, and in several forms. Two Kindle editions have been issued: one in January 2005 by William Morrow Paperbacks (ISBN B000FC2RRM) and again in October 2010 by HarperCollins (ISBN B0046RE5CW). Four audio editions for the UK and US markets are listed, from August 2002, all read by Hugh Fraser by HarperCollins Audiobooks in the UK, and by BBC Audiobooks America and Audio Partners, The Mystery Masters ISBN 9781572705135 February 2006 in the US.

The book was first serialised in the US in The Saturday Evening Post in seven instalments from 7 November (Volume 209, Number 19) to 19 December 1936 (Volume 209, Number 25) under the title Poirot Loses a Client with illustrations by Henry Raleigh.

In the UK, the novel was serialised as an abridged version in the weekly Women's Pictorial magazine in seven instalments from 20 February (Volume 33, Number 841) to 3 April 1937 (Volume 33, Number 847) under the title Mystery of Littlegreen House. There were no chapter divisions and all of the instalments carried illustrations by "Raleigh".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dumb Witness


text: Talk:Poche Beach

title: Talk:Poche Beach


text:
Talk:Ayya Vaikundar

Untitled
I did my best to combine the articles on Ayya Vaikundar and Vaikunda Avatharam into one article. I am unsure about the name Vaikunda Avatharam, but I think it is synonomous with Ayya Vaikundar. Steven McCrary 18:47, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

There are other inconsistencies here as well, especially with regard to the use of God (Moolamurthi) and Narayani and Krishna Avitar. Also, places are confusing Tharuvai, and Parvatha Ucchi Malai. Steven McCrary 19:26, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

I welcome the contributions of others, please take it from here. Thanks. Steven McCrary 19:31, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

From User talk: Stevenwmccrary58:

Ayya
Thanks for your work. You realised almost every thing rightly and done good. But you mistook a little and I made correction on that. Now please view the article so that you can find out that corrections. - Vaikunda Raja

 * Vaikunda, the spelling of Veiyelal varies on the page. Steven McCrary 08:16, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Muthukutty and Sampooranathevan
Vaikunda, The following sentence is confusing: "The first stage of Avatar is the child, born to Ponnu Nadar and Veylal, died immediatly after the birth." The child Muthukutty did not die until he was 22 years old, what "birth" is referred to here? Steven McCrary 08:07, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Vaikunda, in addition, the following statement are confusing for the uninitiated: "Sampooranathevan was granted Heaven. Then the Spirit of Narayana along with the Ultimate Soul or Paramatma incarnated in the body of a human being...." What does "granted Heaven" mean? How is this different from what happened in step 2? Does Paramatma translate to "Ultimate Soul" in English? What is this "Ultimate Soul?" Does it refer to the soul of Sampooranathevan? Steven McCrary 08:16, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think all about Vaikundar is confusing Steven. Let me try to clear it. First of all keep in mind the three facts, the Spirit, the Soul and the Body. Ayya Vikundar is a combination of the spirit of Narayana(Murthi stage), Soul of the Ultimate God, and body of an ordinary human being.

 * First of all the child born to Ponnu and Veilal died immedietly it born. Then in that body, the soul of Sampooranathevan, a celestial being of Deva Lokam (Upper World) installed along the spirit (not soul) of Narayana (murthi stage). All this events took place in seconds and so the people doesn't know any thing about this. They think a child born to the couple. This man is stated as Sampooranathevan in Akilattirattu and Muthukutty in History. So according to Akilam he was not an ordinary human being, but a celestial being take birth as a human being.

 * Then at his 24th age he was called inside the sea, he was taken inside (Soul of Sampooranathevan along with the spirit of Narayana was taken by the Sages, Kalai Muni and Gnana Muni into the sea by placing the body in Tharuvai) and there the soul of Sampooranathevan was granted heaven ( moksha). Then the Ultimate Soul or Paramatma,(‘Paramatma’ translated to ‘Ultimate Soul’ in English) or Nirguna Brahman with the spirit of Narayana came out of the sea and take the body from the Tharuvai and proceeded towards Detchanam. And from now he was called Vikundar and as God. This day is celebrated now as day of Avatar of Vaikundar.

 * Then saying more about Sampooranathevan he was a deva of Deva lokam and he fall in love with Para Devathai a woman of Yama Lokam who leaves herself from her husbund earlier. When all the Devas were asked to take birth in this world to assist God in destroying Kaliyan Sampooranan asked Thirumal to grand birth to Para Devathai along with him. Thirumal said that any way she was the wife of another person, and also you are from Deva lokam and she was from Yama Lokam. Yor are great but she is not so. So your’s is a wrong desire. But still Sampooranathevan firmly stick to his desire. So Thirumal asked him along with her to porform austirity to take birth unitedly. Any way after a series of happenings their austirity fails. But Thirumal said that since your Austirity met with failure she will born in the world and after living with her husband of Yama Lokam for some years after doing all her duty to him as per her karma she will (he too take birth in this world), leave him and live alone. At that time you two shall meet each other and will fall in love and live as husband and wife a you two will suffer a lot and get bored in the life and realise the (Ultimate real truth) God and both of you will be granted heaven.

 * As per this promise, Sampooranathevan till his age of 24 lived with Para Devathai in this world and he was granted moksha. – Vaikunda Raja

 * There is no mention of the child's death in the article. What was the nature of this death, mythical or physical? Steven McCrary 20:46, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * I will add some information about Sampooranathevan to clarify the article. Please check it.  Thanks. Steven McCrary 20:46, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * As to my confusion, I can only say that if it confuses me it will confuse others as well. Wikipedia, being an encyclopedia, is designed to provide clear and concise information about a topic to the unaware and the uninformed.  This article still needs improvements on this vein.  Steven McCrary 20:46, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Vaikunda, are you 61.2.234.160? In any case, excellent edits! The article is coming together very nicely.  Thanks for your patience with me. Steven McCrary 17:34, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

This article is complete nonsense. Ayya Vaikundar. Pathetic topic. Must be removed from Wiki.

The remainder of Muthukutty's Life
What happens after the avatar? To be complete, I believe this article should also chronicle the life of the body of Muthukutty after the avatar, possibly by reference to the Ayyavazhi mythology and to the death of the body of Muthukutty. What do others think about this? Steven McCrary 20:46, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Avatar
I think the article will now does not confuse any body.I have made changes changes.Then in the third stage of the Avatar where the soul was granted moksha,the soul get unified with the Ultimate god of Ultimate oneness. This action seems similar to advaita tradition.Then onwards the soul of Sampooranathevan han no singularity of it's own from now but it was into the ultimate oneness. It has no other name at all. On other words the singularity of the soul of Sampooranathevan gets destroyed and flow together in to the Ultimate soul. So it is notable that not to call it as Ultimate soul of Sampooranathevan.But instead Ultimate Soul. – Vaikunda Raja

Life glory of Lord Ayya Vaikundar is outlined strictly based on Holy Akilathirattu Ammanai which is the primary text for all and Arul Nool without any deviation. Holy Akilathriattu Ammanai says LORD NARAYANA HIMSELF INCARNATED AS LORD VAIKUNDAR. - (User: KrishnakumarSiva)

Sorry for the Mistake
Sorry for a mistake. On a deep reading of Akilam I found that the child born to Ponnu and Veiyelal did not died, after the birth but born dead.I've made changes in the article. - Vaikunda Raja

Citation
On what account this article was marked for citation. See the external links. - Vaikunda Raja 21:10, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The link to kanyakumarionline is down. The second link to the page on the Nadars does not contain any mention of Ayya Vaikundar the third link seems to be the website of the organisation(?) Are these considered valid references? See WP:CITE - Parthi 22:52, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Let me explain. You say Mr. X is born in Y region on date D. How do we know that's true? (no offence, this is just an example). Wikipedia's basis is verifiability, which triumphs truth. Whatever you write may or may not be true, we simply have no idea about that unless you provide a reference from an established, independent source. Organisational websites or devotional websites that put forward claims do not count as valid established sources. The unsourced tag applies to the whole article. How do we know even a single part of it is correct? Or as a complete outsider, how do I verify it? That's why the source tag was inserted, and until you provide them, I'm putting the tag back. Thanks. --Ragib 02:19, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have gone through and tried to copyedit this article in an attempt to prune the proletysing tone of this article. There is still much work to be done. The article is full of POV and there is not a shred of evidence to support any of its claims. - Parthi 23:45, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The day of birth of Muthu kutty is neither noted in history Nor in Ayyavazhi mythology. But the day of incarnation of Vaikundar was noted. Still there are several assumptions. In other matters I will cite. Wait for a day or two. - Vaikunda Raja 11:48, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

POV
This article needs a thorough copyedit to remove POV statements. e.g.
 * Ayya Vaikundar, who arose from the sea at Thiruchendur on 20th of the Tamil Month of Masi
 * He, then, gathered the people around, and caused some of them, both male and female, to get 'possessed' of the evil spirits (peyattam).
 * People came to him to listen to his teachings and instructions, to be cured by him of different diseases,

Parthi 23:54, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

This is a bio article - not a 'belief related article
As abio article in an encyclopedia, this article should contain statements such as 'bodily present', etc. - Parthi 19:59, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

 * But the life history of Vaikundar known from external sources are too small. More over this is not the life history of Muthukutty or Mudisuudum Perumal. But of Vaikundar. Vaikundar is the name mentioned in Akilam. So if Biography is provided for Vaikundar it should be completely based on that source. If there are historical evidences related to that it may be sourced. But not against the main source.

 * Also as per Akilam the career of Vaikundar and muthukutty begins from different place and time. That is Vaikundar starts from Thiruchendur Sea and Muthukutty from the birth as a child. If needed seperate articles could be provided on Biography on Mudisoodum Perumal. - Vaikunda Raja.

What Muthukutty
I already told this is a beleif related article.

 * Although the Ayyavazhi mythology insists that its founder was an incarnation of the god Vishnu, it was in real life founded by a man named Muthukutty. Muthukutty, when he was 24 suddenly decided to proclaim his divinity. He utilised the superstitious nature of the downtrodden people of southern Tamil Nadu to establish the faith which came to be known as Ayyavazhi. Muthukutty also tried to help these people who had been oppressed by the government and the stratified Hindu society. He taught them to respect themselves and gave them a unique faith and a worship practice to define their own identity. He was harassed by the then government and spent some time in gaol. On returning he performed some 'miracles' with the help of the village shamans. With the increase in the followers who were desparate to find solutions to their sufferings, Muthukutty's popularity also increased. Some of his followers began to compile the set of rules for this new faith and these became the Arule Nool and Akilam.

I strongly object this. Are you personally attacking. How you can tell "He utilises the superstitious nature of the downtrodden people"?

Saying Religious belief as superstitious!!! Once I remember, some one added Article:Religion to the Category:Superstition, and how he was condemned by wikipedian users uniformly.

Then, Akilam didn't say that Vaikundar is Mudisoodum Perumal. Akilam itself says that they were two. It says that at his 24th age Sampooranathevan (known as Mudisoodum Perumal in history) was granted heaven and in that body Vaikundar incarnated. Even Sampooranathevan was a great reformer as per I've read. Akilam itself says it. Also some historical writers say that in (I think) Thol seelai poorattam (Upper cloth Agitation) Mudisoodum perumal participated. Also Akilam and some few external sources says about the divine powers of even Mudisoodum Perumal. That is he was called for a treat by the caste Hindus in Munthuvazh Malai (a hillock). There 5 types of poison were given by mixing up in milk to Mudisoodum Perumal. But miraculously Perumal remained affected. This poison was early tested with dogs. This show the divine power of Perumal himself. But still Vaikundar was not Perumal. Perumal at his 24 died. Vaikundar incarnated then in his body.

The right way is to start another Ayyavazhi related article about Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, and tell the historical and religious views on him. Also if you see historically do you know exactly when did Mudisoodum Perumal born? Even historians follow Akilam.

Then what does this means? "Some of his followers began to compile the set of rules for this new faith and these became the Arule Nool and Akilam.". Are you telling Akilam was composed by the followers? Only the history of Arul Nool unknown. There were no reference about the origin of Arul Nool. But Akilam?!!

Also these usages is not healthy, suddenly decided to proclaim his divinity- He utilised the superstitious nature of the downtrodden people- performed some 'miracles' with the help of the village shamans- followers began to compile the set of rules for this new faith.

I am removing the contents from this sub-heading. Again not removing unilaterally. - Vaikunda Raja

Palmyra
The article states that the subject in his early life made his living as a Palmyra climber. The name links to a ghost city in Syria. I will delete the link. What is meant by a "Palmyra climber" in India? J S Ayer (talk) 04:41, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Sure enough, someone has stuck it back, with a reference. Come on, what is it supposed to be? Palm climber? That would fit with "agricultural laborer." J S Ayer (talk) 00:15, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The Palmyra is Borassus tree. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.241.77.188 (talk) 11:40, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

The article doesn't correspond to Wikipedia's rules
One cannot understand from this article where is biography and where is religion. Rewrite.93.183.240.237 (talk) 17:32, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

 * That is not accidental; There are two 'Vaikundar'(s) ; A religious figure (Vaikundar: based on Akilam, Arul Nool and beliefs) and another a historical man (Mudisoodum perumal: drawn upon historians and a few missionary reports). It is ideal to split the article into two. - Vaikunda Raja (talk) 07:50, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

it still needs to be fixed. The article is in absolutely horrible shape, and it is also duly tagged with cleanup. So, fixit. I mean, sheesh, Vaikundar isn't the only person who has been considered a deity, and we manage to write decent articles about all of the others, even Jesus. If we can have an encyclopedic article about Jesus (Christ), we can also have an encyclopedic article about Muthukutty (Ayya Vaikundar). --dab (𒁳) 10:58, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

The whole article needs improvement, it looks absolutely messed up right now hence added the copy editing template to it. The tone of the article in not suitable for wiki, added tone template as well. I did tried to clean it up but gave up as the whole article needs to be re worked in order to make it suitable for Wiki. --India142 (talk) 10:37, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree. This article should be split into two, one as a biography, and the other as the portrayal of Vaikundar in Ayyavazhi beliefs. --Joshua Issac (talk) 22:20, 18 May 2015 (UTC)

suggestions
No information about Ayya Vaikundar == social reforms == — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.92.105.101 (talk) 15:31, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

This article is complete nonsense. Ayya Vaikundar. Pathetic.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Ayya Vaikundar. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080827033211/http://www.ayyavaikuntar.com/Mainpage_HomePage.aspx to http://www.ayyavaikuntar.com/Mainpage_HomePage.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:20, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Historical Vaikundar into Ayya Vaikundar
Ayya Vaikundar needs to be written from a historical perspective, rather from a purely mythical perspective like done in Muhammad or Sai Baba of Shirdi. Redtigerxyz Talk 16:48, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * This is regarding the discussion for merging the article Historical Vaikundar to Ayya Vaikundar alone and not about anything else.

 * Ayya Vaikundar is a belief/mythology article based on Ayyavazhi beliefs, Ayyavazhi Mythology. The details here is elobrated upon in Akilathirattu Ammanai, the holy book of Ayyavazhi. Moreover there are hundreds of commentaries/thesis/lectures/books published in Tamil, Malayalam and English languages based on this; and few are mentioned in the reference section too. Ayya Vaikundar is a spiritual figure worshipped by million predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. And so the spiritual views over him (based on Sacred texts Akilathirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool) matters.

 * On the other hand Historical Vaikundar refers to the life and teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, being reconstructed purely from a historical perspective with reference to various historical sources in contrast to the mythological Akilamic views as mentioned explicitly in the intro of the article. The Historical views over Vaikundar equally matters because the social impact of the teachings of Vaikundar have had significant impact in South Indian Society generally; Specifically it impact over the Tamil and Keralite society is huge as briefed in the intro section again

 * " Ayya Vaikundar was the first to succeed as a social reformer in launching political struggle, social renaissance as well as religious reformation in the country. Vaikundar was the pioneer of the social revolutionaries of south India and Kerala. Research scholars regard Vaikundar as a teacher, healer and also a miracle worker. He was also said to be the forerunner of all social reformers of India. He was in the forefront of movements for Human Rights and Social Equality. His teachings also effected many social changes in southern India, resulting in the emergence of a series of social and self-respect movements such as Upper cloth agitation, Temple entry agitation and other movements including those of Narayana Guru, Chattampi Swamikal, Vallalar and Ayyankali."

 * Academics confuses the historical as well as the spiritual perspective over Vaikundar often. Because both the academic disciplines, the Social and the spiritual ones have mutually inconsistent opinions over several events, instances, happenings etc. Hence both articles are needed to reflect the different perspectives which often goes mutually contradictory otherwise. Thanks -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   08:28, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Please keep discussions in one section. I've merged your separate section into this one — DaxServer (t · m · c) 08:48, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * , appreciate your work on this article and Historical article. Most neutral references use Ayya Vaikundar for the historical figure. Other religions have historical figures like Jesus, Muhammad, Sai baba of Shirdi which are described in neutral sources and religious sources. As per Neutral_point_of_view, we cover the religious views saying that "Akhilam regards that .." or "Ayyavazhi believe this". The main Ayya Vaikundar needs to be neutral and include historical perspectives (similar to FA Jesus - see sections Jesus - historical and Jesus - religious. An article purely from mythical view point can be created similar to Life of Jesus in the New Testament. Historical Vaikundar can be a sub-article if it can be expanded, but considering the length, we can have it in the main article IMO -- Redtigerxyz Talk 08:54, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I shall reply in detail shortly, Thanks -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:02, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * “Most neutral references use Ayya Vaikundar for the historical figure.”
 * It would be helpful if you further elaborate on this…
 * “Other religions have historical figures like Jesus, Muhammad, Sai baba of Shirdi which are described in neutral sources and religious sources.”
 * That is similar in the Case of Vaikundar. There are several neutral sources which described Vaikundar. This includes publications from credible universities, newspaper reports, academic research works, thesis, opinions and reports in leading news papers etc. But the amount of details those neutral sources carry is minimal when compared to other secondary sources including commentaries on Akilathirattu and other religious books. Here too the neutral sources does not contradict the informations in religious books; But they often confuses between historical information with spiritual ones.
 * Muthirikkinaru, for example: Curing with water and soil (Patham and Mann) is mentioned in multiple external sources including critical ones as Christian Missionaries. Christian missionaries are wary about Vaikundar right from the beginning. They even went to the extent of calling Vaikundar as Satan. But they accredit the presence of Muthirikinaru. So validating from the external reference, though critical, it is quiet evident that curing exists from 1840s. That does not mean that they endorses the spirituality behind the practice.
 * “we cover the religious views saying that "Akhilam regards that .." or "Ayyavazhi believe this".'"
 * In this case Vaikundar and Jesus should be viewed in sharp contrast. In the case of Jesus there are several beliefs about him; that of Christianity, that of Judaism, that of Islam, all deviate from one another and in several instatnce mutually contradict and oppose. That is not the case About Vaikundar. The religious beliefs regarding Vaikundar came from Akilathirattu and Arul Nool. And there are no opposing religious views. Hence it is not necessary to use “Akhilam regards that .." or "Ayyavazhi believe this" every now an then in this mythology related article.
 * But it shall be used in articles of sacred places such as Srirangam, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchendur and Kanyakumari since Akilam speaks in volumes about the universal significance of those temples; most of the information not found any where else other than Akilathirattu.
 * “The main Ayya Vaikundar needs to be neutral and include historical perspectives”
 * May be; But already there is necessary information (including dates) for few instances and events. But can be elaborated if needed.
 * “Historical Vaikundar can be a sub-article if it can be expanded, but considering the length, we can have it in the main article IMO”
 * Both Historical Vaikundar and Ayya Vaikundar articles are in c -class level. Several crucial informations are missing in both; I admit that. I am working towards expanding both articles significantly, soon. Thanks, -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   11:24, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Some non-religious academic literature mentions Ayyavazhi or Ayya Vaikundar as the following:
 * Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements - p. 48 "Founded in the 19th century by Ayya Vaikundar (ca. 1810—ca. 1857), who claimed to be an avatar of Narayan (Vishnu), the movement derives from the Hindu tradition, although some claim it to be a separate religion."
 * The Problem with Interreligious Dialogue: Plurality.. "This cult was founded by a man named Muthukutti, now called by his followers Ayya Vaikundar, who claimed to be an avatara of Vishnu and born in 1809 in Travancore in the oppressed Nadar caste."
 * FACETS OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY pp. 261-2 "Its founder was a famous socio-religious reformer called Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, popularly known as Ayya Vaikunda Swami. Ayyavazhi is centered on the life and preaching of Ayya Vaikundar, his ideas and philosophy. ... Ayya Vaikunda Swami was a socio-religious and political reformer in Tranvore ... Ayya Vaikundar's followers reffered to him as Ayya, the father. After his death, there emerged a cult known as Ayyavazhi, the path of Ayya"
 * The lead of this article is currently non-neutral. "Ayya Vaikundar (c.1833 –c.1851) ... is the first and the foremost Purna avatar of Eka-Paran." This is purely an Ayyavazhi belief; academic references refer him as the founder of Ayyavazhi. Redtigerxyz  Talk 15:35, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * That's what I mentioned earlier; The confusion in the academics is, upon which Vaikundar they are talking about; The Historical Vaikundar or the Mythical Vaikundar. If they are discussing the mythical Vaikundar then they have to interpret Akilathirattu or Arul Nool, since they are the source of the mythology on Vaikundar. But if they are discussing the Historical Vaikundar then they may have many things about Vaikundar independent of the religion and mythology; And all those things may find a place in the Historical Vaikundar article, but in an fair academic way and not with a serious bias.
 * Also, regarding the lead section it would be ideal to compare the pages Rama and Krishna. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   10:09, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Vaikunda Raja, I think the underlying issue is that you hold this incorrect idea - other secondary sources including commentaries on Akilathirattu and other religious books. Akilathirattu is . Please consult WP:PRIMARY which says in a footnote that Further examples of primary sources include:...religious scripture; medieval and ancient works, even if they cite earlier known or lost writings. At a minimum, you need to say "Akilatirattu says so and so", "as held by Akilatirattu" and so on; but a lot of it simply cannot be used without proper secondary sourced discussing the same assertions. Hemantha (talk) 04:22, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Hemantha, Yes Akilathirattu and Arul Nool are not secondary sources they are the primary sources. But the commentaries on Akilathirattu are secondary. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   10:13, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Who has authored these commentaries and when were they written? Hemantha (talk) 11:44, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Many of those commentaries are mentioned in the reference section; There are more than 500 books published on Akilathirattu, Ayyavazhi, Ayya Vaikundar etc published in the last hundred years. Out of these some of them are full length commentaries (several of them in volumes) on Akilathirattu and Arul Nool. -   Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   07:36, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, I can see those. My point is they all appear to be written by devotees and published by Ayyavazhi organizations - which makes them primary once again. Hemantha (talk) 19:11, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Secondary sources are not necessarily independent sources
 * No; Not all of them are written by believers/devotees/related organisations. It includes university books & journals, leading newspapers, academic researchers and several of them are cited in the article. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:52, 22 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, I can see those. My point is they all appear to be written by devotees and published by Ayyavazhi organizations - which makes them primary once again. Hemantha (talk) 19:11, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Secondary sources are not necessarily independent sources
 * No; Not all of them are written by believers/devotees/related organisations. It includes university books & journals, leading newspapers, academic researchers and several of them are cited in the article. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:52, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Modify or merge
This article is riddled with theological statements that are presented as though they are facts, plagiarising Hindu deities and concepts for its own ends. It needs to be modified to have the concepts plagiarised from Hinduism deleted or merged with the historical individual who founded this sect. Chronikhiles (talk) 11:16, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Lord Krishna is being mentioned in several other texts including few upanishads other than mahabharatha and have slightly/significantly differing views about him. Does that mean that authors of those texts had plagiarized from which ever the first source?! -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:57, 22 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think you understand what the difference between plagiarism and adaptation is, which explains a lot of your activity. The differing views of Krishna in various texts do not matter as they all fall under the ambit of Hinduism, which has evolved over millennia. Your sect claims to be a whole different faith, all the while ripping off established doctrines, terms, and deities that everyone acknowledges as originating in texts that are classified under Hinduism. Ayyavazhi is, it seems to me, just a sect of Vaishnavism. You claim that your founder was an incarnation of Narayana, which you are allowed to, but you have added links to the Hindu deity, rather than a "unique" Ayyavazhi deity. Remove the links and create new articles for Perumal, Lakshmi, Narayana, and other Hindu deities your dogma is based on, just like Buddhism and Jainism have done. Or you can just acknowledge the official position of your sect, which is that you're Hindus, and I will have no quarrel with you. Om Namo Narayanaya. Chronikhiles (talk) 10:22, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
 * You told that "You claim that your founder was an incarnation of Narayana..." I did not claim anything and is not authorized to do so. The line in which the article is been written is that of Akilathirattu Ammanai the holy text.
 * Kamba Ramayana has several minor as well as few major differing views over characters, events personalities etc from that of Valmiki Ramayana. So Kambar plagiarized from Valmiki...?! If not so where does the boundary between plagiarism and adaptation lies? ... In the context of the differing views between Akilathirattu and other hindu texts? -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   08:30, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * @Redtigerxyz This merge proposal is still on waiting list. I can't decide what should we do. Shall we remove the merge tag or merge the article? Kautilyapundit (talk) 10:45, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Kautilyapundit, suggest we make this article on the historical individual and the mythology be created as a sub-article.-- Redtigerxyz Talk 15:50, 30 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Good Idea, let me clear the merge tag. Kautilyapundit (talk) 06:36, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

This article Ayya Vaikundar is a Mythology article. An article on Vaikundar, a spiritual character/personality who's beginning extends beyond yugas as per mythology; (and in the Kaliyuga from the year 1833-1851). But the Historical Vaikundar article is about a real Historical figure whose period is 1809-1851.

I am tired that I was explaining this again and again and again several times, which other users are well aware of. Inspite, the article is been reverted every now and then, irresponsibly. Some days back somebody has even initiated and concluded a proposal here without any prior information, and have now decided to proceed, unilaterally!

Somebody had even went to the extent of proposing deletion of the Historical Vaikundar. And I had spent hours explain things in detail and now somebody else had come up with a similar proposal afresh!

Serious POV push, in the disguise of NPOV repeatedly is never acceptable. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   06:09, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

Additionally, it is understandable that the article need a major clean-up and re-write. Its remaining almost as it was written almost a decade back; It is a lengthy, time consuming process and we are working upon that. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:34, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I have no idea what to say. But still as an uninvolved editor to the article, I'm gonna be neutral. Thanks for the long reply. Kautilyapundit (talk) 06:47, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

Vaikundar
Namaste @Redtigerxyz [|@Redtigerxyz]

We would like to thank you for your efforts to make an article about Vaikundar. Appreciated. At the same time, please do not add the fake and unsourced contents about Ayya vaikundar. This article were written based on historical perspective as per Akilathirattu Ammanai. As you aware to understand Rama Avatara, Ramayana was provided to the world. For Krishna Avatara, Mahabharatha was written. To know about Vaikunta Avatara, Akilathirattu was provided to mankind. You cannot write life story of Rama, or Krishna or vaikundar based on unsourced content. It should be written based on the scriptures. Please note that your activities are hurting us. As you aware Vaikundar (Sriman Vaikunda Swami) is an Tenth avatar of Lord Narayana as per Holy Akilathirattu and Arulnool, but you have reported saying he is Mr.Muthukutty alias Sampoorna Devan become lord Vaikundar. Which is against the fact and you are purposefully defaming lord vaikundar. It is not acceptable. You are hurting us and defaming our GOD. Please note that Cyber defamation complaints with ref Acknowledgement Number : 21602200009493, and 21605200023615 was already raised, based on which unsourced contents were removed. This is for your kind reference and perusal.

"Lord Narayana himself incarnated as Vaikundar" - Akilathirattu

We would also like to cite the following court case and the judgment given by the court for your study.

Court Judgement on #Swamitoppu Pathi :

First addl. Subordinate Court, Nagercoil. O.S. No: 89/2005, 90/2005.

Ananthakutti and others Vs. The commissioner, H.R. & C.E. Admn. Department and others

According to this judgement, Swamithoppu Pathi is a common place of worship, that is, a public temple of the deity Sreeman Narayanaswamy, and the main door to principle deity's sannidhi contains information of evidentiary nature pertaining to the ten incarnations of Maha Vishnu, and the outer podium or prahaaram has additional sannidhis or halls of worship for Shiva, Amman, and this place in Swamithoppu represents the reincarnation of Maha Vishnu as Vaikuntar.

On behalf of the people of Ayyavazhi, and on behalf of our organization, we humbly request that please do not publish false news that defames Vaikundar, the deity we worship, and the temple we consider sacred, and our faith. Truth alone Triumphs. Thanks! - Srianu — Preceding unsigned comment added by Srianu1 (talk • contribs) 18:03, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

- Please understand Wikipedia's rules on conflicts of interest. It appears you are editing on behalf of an organization; don't forget that sharing an ID is not allowed. Please now stop any edit warring and do not remove referenced content. Also, understand that threats of legal action will get you blocked immediately. Deb (talk) 07:53, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

 * , to explain this another way, the article on Rama is not solely based on Ramayana. It refers to and discusses of a lot other sources as well. Similarly the Wikipedia article on Ayyavazhi also cannot be based on a single source, Akilathirattu. Also note that the way you have rules in Ayyavazhi about various things (how to refer, what kind of language etc), Wikipedia also has rules which you need to understand and respect. Hemantha (talk) 10:06, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Dear Hemantha, Please re-instate the article back to neutral content as per Akilathirattu ammanai. Please kindly note that, you are purposefully defaming lord vaikundar the deity we worship, and the temple we consider sacred, and our faith. You are doing cyber defamation saying Mr.Muthukutty alias Sampoorna Devan become lord Vaikundar. Which is against the fact. Akilathirattu says "Lord Narayana himself incarnated as Vaikundar". Please read akilathirattu ammanai then write the content about vaikundar. Kindly note that, in this regard legal complaint already pending with city police station.
 * "As per your grievance with Ack. No 21605200023615 reported on cyber crime portal has been transferred to district BANGALORE CITY. regards National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal"
 * Kindly request you to please do not publish false news that defames Vaikundar. Thanks. Srianu1 (talk) 16:52, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Srianu1 has been indef'ed for making legal threats, and now a new user has been created and is making substantially the same edits to this article (and to Historical Vaikundar) asSrianu1 made. Meters (talk) 06:54, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Team,
 * This refers to the two articles published in the following links of Wikipedia under caption Ayya Vaikundar/Historical Vaikundar
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Vaikundar.
 * The two divergent articles referred to above, according to me has inherent contradictions in both, and does not reflect the true divine nature and acts of Lord Vaikundar, who was reportedly the incarnate of Lord Narayana if one go by the text Akilathirattu Ammanai, which is akin to Veda Agama to the followers of Lord Vaikundar as the contents in them are reportedly dictated by the Lord himself to his disciple Hari Gopalan.
 * The observation that ‘few events referred to in the mythology have yet to be validated historically’, events mentioned in the historical Vaikundar, mention that ‘Research scholars regard Vaikundar as a teacher, healer and also a miracle worker’ cast doubt whether Lord Vaikundar was indeed divine incarnate or a human being like a preacher? Ayya Vaikundar was certainly not a healer or miracle worker like preachers, but divine incarnate and cured the suffering by his divine power like Perfect Masters of yester years.
 * Expressed view that ‘The mission of the Destruction of Kali involves a joint role of Lord Narayana and Ayya Vaikundar’ leaves a feeling that Lord Ayya Vaikundar and Lord Narayana were two different personalities whereas Lord Vaikundar was incarnate of Lord Narayana himself.  The divine nature of Lord Vaikundar got revealed when the cruelty and tortures inflicted by the King of Travancore had in no way affected divine Lord Vaikundar who was in human form, instances of which find no mention anywhere in these articles.  Mention as Akilam and Akilathirattu confuse one to believe that they were two different texts. Therefore in my opinion the documents should be redrafted to tell the life of Ayya Vaikundar based on the text Akilathirattu Ammanai alone, which is the primary source for all.
 * If what I have read, understood and found in several sources was that Lord Vaikundar was undoubtedly Lord Narayana’s incarnation, manifested on earth in human form to end the misery and sufferings of eighteen classes of oppressed and suppressed in the deep southern states especially in Kerala where he commenced the reforms, series of social and self-respect movements etc were commenced subsequently toed by other eminent contemporary personalities like Narayana Guru, Chattampi Swamikal, Vallalar and Ayyankali.
 * Therefore it would be appropriate if the life glory of Vaikundar is outlined strictly based on Akilathirattu Ammanai and Arul Nool without any deviation and historical events involving his presence his acts in human form can be classified year wise beginning from his manifestation, followed by different phases of penance, complaints of missionaries to the British Govt, acts of King of Travancore, imprisoned in jail and his release, marriages (Thirukalyanam), Muthiri Kinaru, establishments of Nizhal Thangals and Thuvayal Thavasu etc on various occasions. They could come as historical time line or historical events involving Lord Vaikundar, mentioning the supporting documents wherever they are available including external documents available if any. Thanks - Santhipriya
 * Also read,
 * http://www.vaikundar.com/history-of-ayya-vaikundar.aspx
 * https://www.ayyadharmapathi.com/history/ Illayaram sekar (talk) 08:01, 9 June 2022 (UTC)
 * We are working on this. -  Vaikunda Raja    :talk:   09:16, 17 June 2022 (UTC)

Protection
The article has been protected to deter sockpuppet activity. Deb (talk) 09:50, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

Vaikunda Avatar
Background : In 1809, a baby born (lit. "Vishnu with a crown") to Ponnu Madan and Veyilal Amma at Poovandanthope in the Kanyakumari District (part of Travancore then). The baby boy was named Mudisoodum Perumal.

In Background section whatever information is mentioned is irrelevant because this information belongs to Sampoorna Devan or Muthukutty. As per Holy Akilathirattu Lord Narayana Swamy himself Incarnated as Lord Vaikunda Swamy on 1833 BC Tamil Month 20th Maasi.

KrishnakumarSiva (talk) 15:31, 18 September 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Historical Vaikundar which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 06:19, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Life glory of Lord Ayya Vaikundar is outlined strictly based on Holy Akilathirattu Ammanai which is the primary text for all and Arul Nool without any deviation and historical events involving his presence his acts in human form can be classified year wise beginning from his manifestation, followed by different phases of penance, complaints of missionaries to the British Govt, acts of King of Travancore, imprisoned in jail and his release, marriages (Thirukalyanam), Muthiri Kinaru, establishments of Nizhal Thangals and Thuvayal Thavasu etc on various occasions. They could come as historical time line or historical events involving Lord Ayya Vaikundar, mentioning the supporting documents wherever they are available including external documents available if any.  Also, i would like to merge this historical vaikundar page with Ayya vaikundar page to avoid duplication of contents. Holy Akilathriattu Ammanai says LORD NARAYANA HIMSELF INCARNATED AS LORD VAIKUNDAR. Thanks
 * Also read,
 * http://www.vaikundar.com/history-of-ayya-vaikundar.aspx
 * https://www.ayyadharmapathi.com/history/ https://ayyavaikundar.in/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81/
 * KrishnakumarSiva (talk) 15:43, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ayya Vaikundar


text:
Majority decision

A majority decision (MD) is a winning criterion in several full-contact combat sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, mixed martial arts and others sports involving striking. In a majority decision, two of the three judges agree on which fighter won the match, while the third judge indicates that neither fighter won (i.e., a "draw").

In boxing, each of the three judges allocates a score (round by round) for each fighter. If all scheduled rounds are completed (i.e., no knockout (technical included)), each judge totals the points for all rounds. If the same fighter scores more points than the other on two of the judges' scorecards, but the third judge scored equally for both fighters (a draw), the official victory is awarded to the agreed-upon (by a 2 to 1 'majority') fighter. If all judges rule for the same boxer, the decision is referred to as a unanimous decision.

The majority decision is frequently confused with the term split decision, but they are not the same. A split decision occurs when two judges pick the same fighter as the winner, while the third judge decides that the opposite fighter won. On very rare occasions, two judges vote for a draw while the third chooses a winner—this is a majority draw.

title: Majority decision


text:
Talk:Heteroptera

Taxonomy
Our taxonomy here conflicts with some sources I found when researching Veliidae or smaller water striders. Specifically this one is very different but some of the other references listed in the Veliidae article conflict with differences too. Can someone that knows a little more about taxonomy comment? Thanks - Taxman Talk 18:48, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

The name "Heteroptera"
It's definitely unfortunate that so many of the pages already created refer to "Heteroptera" given that use of the name is technically a violation of the accepted Linnaean system - the name "Heteroptera" primarily persists because of outdated literature sources, and in modern use only among non-Linnaean classifications (i.e., classifications where clades are given names, but there are no ranks). The reason it can't be used should be clear: you can't have a Suborder that ends in "-ptera", as that is the accepted ending for the Linnaean rank of Order. So, again, while you'll still see some resources using "Heteroptera", you'll note that they are generally in rankless schemes, such as the Tree of Life website (TOL Heteroptera). The traditional ending for Suborder names within the hemipteroids is "-rrhyncha", and the one used by many Hemipterists lately is "Prosorrhyncha" (proposed in 1995). You can Google it to see that has been accepted and it is still in use (e.g., Auchenorrhyncha website). It isn't going to be popular, but it is authoritative.Dyanega 01:06, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

"you can't have a Suborder that ends in "-ptera", as that is the accepted ending for the Linnaean rank of Order." Could you provide a reference for this rule? I have always considered it more of a guideline. There is no mention of ordinal level suffixes in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, or suffixes at any level other than family (incl. subfamily). Several insect Orders don't end in -ptera (Archaeognatha, Odonata, Phasmatodea,Thysanura) and arguably more depending on which classification you use. It is certainly not a hard and fast rule in the same way that using -idea is for families.

B-class?
Is the B-class rating too high? It only really consists of a discussion of classification, which doesn't seem to me a very thorough treatment of the topic. Richard001 (talk) 02:17, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

is this a heteroptera insect??
is this a part of the Heteroptera group or not? zlouiemark [ T ] [ C ] 16:32, 3 December 2014 (UTC)

Biology
Cant you read for me???🤣🤔 91.148.140.47 (talk) 13:01, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heteroptera


text:
George Troup

George McIntosh Troup (September 8, 1780 – April 26, 1856) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. He served in the Georgia General Assembly, U.S. House of Representatives, and U.S. Senate before becoming the 32nd Governor of Georgia for two terms and then returning to the U.S. Senate. A believer in expansionist Manifest Destiny policies and a supporter of native Indian removal, Troup was born to planters and supported slavery throughout his career. Later in his life, he was known as "the Hercules of states' rights."

Family life
Troup was born during the American Revolution at McIntosh Bluff, on the Tombigbee River in what is now Alabama (then a part of the Province of Georgia). He was the son of George Troup and Catherine McIntosh, the Georgia-born daughter of Captain John McIntosh, a British military officer and the chief of the McIntosh clan. (Catherine McIntosh was of the Chiefs of the MacGillivary clan lineage—she was a first cousin to Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray and aunt of Creek Chief William McIntosh.)

Troup was twice married and the father of six children. He primarily lived in Dublin in Laurens County. Troup's plantation, Valdosta (sometimes spelled Val d'Osta), was named after the Valle d'Aosta alpine valley in Italy. In turn, the town of Valdosta, Georgia was named for Troup's plantation. Troupville, Georgia was also named for him.

Troup graduated from the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in 1797. He read the law with an established firm and two years later was admitted to the bar in Savannah, Georgia.

Early career
Troup entered politics, where he became a strong opponent of the Yazoo land scandal. A Democratic-Republican, Troup served one term as a state legislator (1803–1805). In 1806 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was re-elected three times and served from 1807 to 1815. Along with other members of Congress, including Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Troup was a part of the nationalistic movement which originated the term War Hawks—members who supported the United States' entry into the War of 1812. Troup defended Calhoun on the House floor when Rep. John Randolph of Virginia attacked Calhoun, saying it was "the great mass of the House ... against the solitary gentleman from Virginia."

Troup was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he was supported by fellow wealthy plantation owners and served as chairman of the Senate Committee of Military Affairs.

Governorship of Georgia
Georgia political force William H. Crawford hand-picked Troup as his candidate for governor in 1819. However, Troup twice lost to Crawford's bitter rival, John Clark, who was supported by frontier settlers. In 1823, Troup ran again, as Clark was no longer eligible, and won. He advocated the removal of the Creek Indians from western Georgia. Troup wanted to move them to the Western Territory of the Louisiana Purchase, an idea first proposed by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. In 1825, in Georgia's first popular election, Troup won by a razor-thin margin. He negotiated the controversial Treaty of Indian Springs on February 12, 1825, with his first cousin William McIntosh, a mixed-blood Creek chief. McIntosh and 49 other tribal leaders (predominantly from the Lower Creeks) ceded a large portion of Georgia, although they did not have the backing of the majority of the Creek Confederacy. He threatened an attack on Federal troops if they interfered with the treaty and challenged President John Quincy Adams, who conceded and allowed Troup to seize the remaining Creek land in Georgia. During Troup's tenure as governor, he also supported public education and the construction of new roads and canals. Despite the recentness of the War of 1812, Troup maintained that the United States should pursue a positive relationship with Great Britain. Troup always referred to the British in familial terms ("our cousins", "fraternal relations with England" our "sister nation") and believed that since Britain and America shared common roots, the two countries would "ultimately reunite in some form" although he believed the United States would and should "remain forever independent from, though no less loving towards, England." The European country remained most hostile to was France, Troup was very critical of both the French revolution, particularly the Reign of Terror as well as the subsequent Bourbon restoration government.

Later career
Upon the expiration of his second term as governor, Troup returned to the Senate in 1829 as a Jacksonian Democrat, where he served on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a nominee for President of the United States at the States Rights Convention in January 1852 in Jackson, Mississippi.

Death and memorialization
Troup died while visiting one of his plantations near the Oconee River in Montgomery County, Georgia (now Treutlen County). He was buried on the Rosemont plantation.

Troup County was created from former Lower Creek land in 1826 and named for him.

During the American Civil War, an Athens, Georgia battery was named the "Troup Artillery" in his memory.

title: George Troup


text:
Sherfield on Loddon

Sherfield on Loddon—formerly Sherfield upon Loddon —is a village and civil parish in the English county of Hampshire. It is located at, approximately 12 mi south of Reading and 6 mi north of Basingstoke.

At the 2001 census it had a population of 1,594. This had increased to 1,644 at the 2011 Census, with a further 1,463 assigned to the Sherfield Park development on the edge of Basingstoke, prior to it being separated to form a parish of its own in 2016.

Descent of the manor
Sherfield on Loddon originally formed part of the Manor of Odiham, and did not, therefore, appear in the Domesday Book.

FitzAldelin
Odiham continued to be held by the king, until around 1167–68, the manor was granted by Henry II to William Fitz Aldelin, on the occasion of his marriage to Juliane, the daughter of Robert Dorsnell. He is reputed to have built the original Manor House.

Warblington

Juliane outlived her husband, and after she died, her estate was split up in 1205, when William de Warblington inherited the manor. Sherfield was held in the reign of Edward I (1272-1307) by Thomas de Warblington, High Sheriff of Hampshire, tenant-in-chief from the king in serjeanty by the services providing laundresses, of dismembering malefactors and measuring the gallons and bushels in the royal household.

Puttenham
The manor passed by marriage from the Warblingtons to the Puttenham family. The reputed 1589 author of The Arte of English Poesie, George Puttenham, grew up at Sherfield Court but, as an adult, disputed its ownership with his niece.

Wellesley
The Manor was eventually purchased by the Duke of Wellington in 1838.

Modern day
The present village developed about one mile north of the Manor house and church from around the 14th century. By the start of the twentieth century there were about forty homes surrounding the main village green with more homes around the Manor and Church.

In 1917 Bramley Ordnance Depot opened to the southwest of the Village. The first stocks of ammunition began arriving in January 1918, and from 1922 to 1974 it was the home of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps School of Ammunition. It ceased to be used as an ammunition depot in 1987, and is now known as the Bramley Training Area. It created employment opportunities for both Sherfield on Loddon and Bramley.

A bypass was built around the village in 1974, moving the main Reading to Basingstoke road to the east.

From 2004 to 2014, the Sherfield Park development was built on the edge of Basingstoke within the boundaries of the civil parish. By the time it was completed, the new development's population outnumbered that of the original village. In 2016, Sherfield Park was separated to become a civil parish of its own.

Geography
Sherfield is located 12 mi south of the large town of Reading and 6 mi north of Basingstoke. The village is on the A33 road, between Reading and Basingstoke. The parish includes the hamlets of Church End and Wildmoor.

Schools

 * Sherfield School
 * The Loddon School
 * North Foreland Lodge (1947–2003)

title: Sherfield on Loddon


text:
Bishop Allen

Bishop Allen is an American indie rock band from Brooklyn, New York, United States. The band's core members are Justin Rice and Christian Rudder, who are supported both on stage and in the studio by a rotating cast of musical collaborators. The band was formed in 2003 and grew out of Rice and Rudder's friendship; it takes its name from Bishop Allen Drive in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where the two lived together after attending Harvard University.

Bishop Allen has released four albums and 12 EPs; their second album, The Broken String, was released in July 2007, Grrr..., was released in March 2009, and after a five-year hiatus they released their most recent album Lights Out in August 2014.

Pre-Bishop Allen
Rice and Rudder attended Harvard University, where they were DJs on WHRB's punk/indie program, Record Hospital. The two formed a hardcore punk band called The Pissed Officers and self-released two split records with the then Boston-based Casio-core duo Gerty Farish. Rudder also played briefly in a Devo tribute band with members of Gerty Farish and Fat Day. Some years later Rudder and Rice took up residence at a house in Virginia where they recorded the music for their first album as Bishop Allen.

Charm School
Charm School was Bishop Allen's first record. Recorded in fits and starts over two years, it grew song-by-song as Rice and Rudder wrote and played in their spare time. They recorded all the instruments on the album's 13 songs themselves, using drum loops to hide the fact that neither is a drummer, and almost everything on the record was recorded one track at a time in an ordinary bedroom. Backing vocals by Bonnie Schiff-Glenn and Kate Dollenmayer and supplementary drums by Coll Anderson, all added in the album's final stages, completed the songs.

After the album was finished, Ms. Schiff-Glenn and Margaret Miller were recruited to play with Bishop Allen live, and their pictures were then featured on Charm School ' s back cover. Jack Delamitraux and Christian Owen later joined the band on the tours supporting Charm School's release.

The record came out in May 2003 and received many favorable reviews, most notably from Rolling Stone and NPR's Weekend Edition. The album was released under the band's own Champagne School imprint.

The EP project
In 2006, Bishop Allen recorded and released an EP every month of the year. Each record was titled for the month of its release (January, February, and so on), and, with the exception of August, which was a 14-song live disc, each contained four new studio songs.

The project began when Rice and Rudder stumbled upon a discarded piano, dragged it into their rehearsal studio and, refreshed by the sounds the keyboard added to their repertoire, put their old works-in-progress aside and began writing new songs. They soon began recording this new material, and by the time the January EP was completed on January 25, 2006, they had decided on doing one each month for the rest of the year. The January EP begins with the song "Corazon", celebrating the rescue of the piano, and features a piano on the cover.

All 12 EPs were self-released and sold primarily through the band's website. The covers of the EPs, which reflect the homespun aesthetic of the music inside, were designed by Darbie Nowatka, who also sang lead vocal on a few recordings and often joins the band on stage.

Bishop Allen collaborated with many musicians over the year, including the above-mentioned Delamitraux and Owens,Jon Natchez, and Kelly Pratt. Cully Symington began playing with the band in September and has become their regular drummer.

"History of Excuses" from the March EP was used in an episode ("My Turf War") of NBC's Scrubs. "A Tiny Fold" from the May EP was used in the April 28, 2008, episode of ABC Family's Greek.

The Broken String
In November 2006, Bishop Allen signed to Dead Oceans, a new sister label to Secretly Canadian and Jagjaguwar. They began recording a new record that January, at Blackwatch Studios in Norman, Oklahoma, and delivered it two months later. The album, Bishop Allen & The Broken String, was Bishop Allen's first true studio recording and was released by Dead Oceans on July 24, 2007. It includes nine re-recordings of songs from the EP project, as well as three new songs.

Lights Out
In July 2013, Darbie Nowatka and Rice announced a new Bishop Allen album was underway. Recording finished on December 2, 2013, in upstate New York. Dead Ocean and Bishop Allen announced the album's release for August 19, 2014, and the lead single, "Start Again," which was released on May 29, 2014.

Other projects
Rice and Rudder's roommate at the Cambridge apartment that gave the band its name was Andrew Bujalski, the film director, and they have both starred in his films.

Rudder played the male lead, Alex, in Bujalski's first film, 2002's Funny Ha Ha, and Rice starred in Mutual Appreciation, in which his character, Allen, fronts a band called the Bumblebees and plays a Bishop Allen song on-screen. Rice also stars in an indie film released in 2008 called Let Them Chirp Awhile, written and directed by Jonathan Blitstein. The band appeared in the 2008 film adaptation of Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist.

Rice and Darbie Nowatka formed a musical side project, The Last Names, in 2011; they are releasing a free cover song every week through 2012 in advance of a full-length album.

In the media

 * "Click, Click, Click, Click" (from The Broken String) was featured in the movie No Strings Attached, in the movie Sleepwalk with Me, in an episode of the short-lived CW sitcom Aliens in America, in an episode of college drama/comedy Greek, and in a Sony camera ad. It is also featured as the song played during the credits in Burton Snowboards' 2010 movie The B and in one of Colton Killoran's longboarding videos.
 * "Middle Management" is part of the Major League Baseball 2K7 soundtrack. It is also featured in the trailer for Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist, and the band is shown in the trailer and in the film.
 * "Don't Hide Away" was featured on the episode of Chuck ("Chuck Versus The Ring: Part 2").
 * "You'll Never Find My Christmas" was featured in one of Target's 2010 Christmas commercials for the season. It is also used in Hollister's 2011 Christmas playlist.
 * "Things Are What You Make of Them" was featured in the movie Saved!
 * "Busted Heart" and "The Magpie" were featured in the movie Private Romeo

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Charm School (2003)
 * The Broken String (2007)
 * Grrr... (2009)
 * Lights Out (2014)

title: Bishop Allen


text:
Online storage

Online storage may refer to:

 * Computer data storage on a medium or a device that is under the control of a processing unit, i.e. storage that is not offline storage
 * Online file storage provided by a file hosting service
 * Cloud storage, a model of networked enterprise storage

title: Online storage


text:
Vicente Rocafuerte

Vicente Rocafuerte y Bejarano (1 May 1783 – 16 May 1847) was an influential figure in Ecuadorian politics and President of Ecuador from 10 September 1834 to 31 January 1839.

He was born into an aristocratic family in Guayaquil, Ecuador, and as a youth, was sent to Madrid to finish his education. He returned to Ecuador in 1807, and committed himself to freeing his land, first from Spanish rule, and later from the Republic of Gran Colombia.

After Ecuadorian independence, Rocafuerte was elected a member of the National Congress for Pichincha Province. He led the opposition to President Juan José Flores, who exiled him to Peru.

Rocafuerte returned, and on 20 September 1833, became Governor of Guayas Province. He revolted against Flores, but was defeated and imprisoned. Because of the respect he was held in by his many supporters, Rocafuerte negotiated a settlement with Flores, and was released from prison. The settlement allowed Flores to finish his term in office, and promised Rocafuerte would become president afterwards, with Flores to head the army.

During his presidency, Rocafuerte passed a new constitution in 1835, and gave greater protection to Native Americans in Ecuador.

In 1839, after Rocafuerte had left office, Flores was again elected president, and for some time there were no difficulties between the two men. However, after electoral irregularities in 1843, Flores annulled the 1835 constitution and passed a new one, called by Rocafuerte 'The Letter of Slavery'. When Flores took up a third term as president in 1843, Rocafuerte left Ecuador in protest. After a short rebellion, Rocafuerte and Vicente Ramón Roca overthrew Flores on 6 March 1845, and Roca became president of Ecuador later that year.

He was President of the Senate in 1846. Under Vicente Ramón Roca's presidency, Rocafuerte was appointed as special representative to various South American countries. He died on 16 May 1847.

title: Vicente Rocafuerte


text:
Vicente Ramón Roca

Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez (2 September 1792 – 23 February 1858) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1845 to 15 October 1849. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He led the revolution that overthrew Juan José Flores, along with José Joaquín de Olmedo and Diego Noboa. He ruled under the Constitution of 1845.

title: Vicente Ramón Roca


text:
José Joaquín de Olmedo

José Joaquín de Olmedo y Maruri (20 March 1780 – 19 February 1847) was President of Ecuador from 6 March 1845 to 8 December 1845. A patriot and poet, he was the son of the Spanish Captain Don Miguel de Olmedo y Troyano and the Guayaquilean Ana Francisca de Maruri y Salavarría.

Biography
On 9 October 1820, Olmedo and others declared the city of Guayaquil independent from Spain. He was President of the Free Province of Guayaquil until it was united to Gran Colombia by Simón Bolívar against Olmedo's will. He was also twice mayor of Guayaquil.

As a result of Guayaquil's annexation to Colombia, Olmedo travelled to Peru in a self-imposed exile. He became active in Peruvian politics, forming part of the country's first Constituent Congress and representing it diplomatically in Europe, specifically as minister to France and Portugal, among other states.

He was Vice President of Ecuador from 1830 to 1831, and became President of Ecuador from 6 March 1845, to 8 December 1845, surviving an attempted coup on 18 June of that year.

He was also a noted poet who emphasized patriotic themes. His best-known work is La victoria de Junin, which pictures the Latin American fighters for independence from Spain as the legitimate heirs of the Incas.

Olmedo devoted his life to Guayaquil, he created the Guayaquilean flag and shield, and in 1821 he composed the Song to the October Ninth, which would become the Guayaquil Anthem.

He is quoted as saying "He who does not hope to win has already lost."

The José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport in Guayaquil is named after him.

Independence of Guayaquil
José Joaquín de Olmedo was a participant in a group organized by don José de Antepara that supported secession from the Spanish Empire. The group was formed the night of 1 October 1820 in the home of José de Villamil under the guise of a quinceañera for Isabela Morlás, who was the daughter of fellow secessionist Pedro Morlás. Gregorio Escobedo, Francisco de Paula Lavayen, Luis Fernando Vivero, and José Rivas also participated, as well as Venezuelans Febres Cordero, Miguel de Letamendi, and Luis Urdaneta, among others. The group, known as the "Forge of Vulcan," concluded the meeting with an oath of loyalty to the cause by those present.

During the days following the meeting, Antepara and Villamil managed to convince the military leaders in charge of Guayaquil’s defense to join the cause of independence. However, they decided to give leadership of the liberationist movement to Olmedo. On 3 October, Villamil visited Olmedo to offer him the position of leadership, but Olmedo declined because he thought that the movement should be led by someone with military instead of political experience. Nevertheless, Olmedo confirmed his commitment to the cause and offered to help with political and diplomatic matters once independence was reached.

The cause of independence, eventually led by León de Febres Cordero, continued in the following days with exhaustive planning of the rebellion that aimed to keep losses and use of weapons to a minimum. Finally, on the night of 8 October the revolution began with the capture of several military outposts by the rebels and the apprehension of authorities loyal to the Spanish crown. The rebellion continued until the morning of 9 October.

Works
During his life, he dedicated part of his time to the creation of novels, songs, poems, and other kinds of literary works. Among his most well known works are: Canto a Bolívar; Al General Flores, vencedor en Miñarica; and Alfabeto para un niño. He designed the flag and crest of Guayaquil and wrote the lyrics of its anthem.

In 1808 he was inspired to compose the prologue to the tragedy El Duque de Viseo de Quintana and his poem El Árbol, which he finished in 1809. El Árbol contains two parts: one that is philosophical and has great aesthetic sense, and one that is less carefully constructed which ends the poem. This makes it seem as if there were two distinct verses brought together.

In January 1811 he was still in Mexico and read his poem Improntu.

In the beginning of 1817 he traveled to Lima and wrote A un amigo, don Gaspar Rico....

In 1821 he wrote Canción al 9 de octubre, considered to be the first anthem of the Ecuadorian territory.

In 1823 in Lima he edited his 45-page translation from English of Essay on Man by Alexander Pope.

In 1825 he composed Marcha and the poem La Libertad.

In 1837 he wrote Canción del 10 de agosto, which served as a precursor to the current national anthem as demonstrated by Espinosa Pólit.

In 1840 he wrote En la muerte de mi hermana. In 1843 he edited Ocios poéticos del General Flores y una oda en su obsequio in 52 pages.

From then on his poems began to be published with great success. In 1848 a volume of Obras Poéticas, a collection revised and corrected by Olmedo, was released in Valparaiso months before his death. The second edition was issued in Paris in 1853, with 214 pages. There are later publications as well.

title: José Joaquín de Olmedo


text:
Manuel de Ascásubi

Manuel de Ascázubi y Matheu (30 December 1804 – 25 December 1876) served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1847 to 1849 and in that capacity he was also interim President from 16 October 1849 to 10 June 1850.

Biography
Don Manuel Ascázubi y Matheu was born in Quito (1804). His parents were Don José de Ascázubi y Matheu and Doña Mariana Matheu y Herrera of Quito, landed aristocracy. Even though he was the heir to the titles of Marques de Maenza and Conde de Puñonrostro, he sided with the promoters of independence from the Spanish crown. He married Carmen Salinas de la Vega, daughter of Juan de Salinas, one the original leaders of the rebellion against Spain. They had four daughters.

Due to his involvement in the independence movement he and his family were persecuted both politically and economically by the royalists.

He was Minister of Finance twice in 1868. He also served as acting president from 16 May 1869 to 10 August 1869.

He was the brother-in-law of President Gabriel García Moreno. He was a member of the Constitutional Assembly and fought to keep certain conservative principles within it. Between August and October 1875 he was the Minister of the Interior and of Foreign affairs.

Manuel de Ascázubi died of a heart attack in Quito on December 25, 1876.

title: Manuel de Ascásubi


text:
Diego Noboa

Diego de Noboa y Arteta (15 April 1789, in Guayaquil – 3 November 1870) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1850 to 26 February 1851 (interim) and 26 February 1851 to 17 July 1851. He was President of the Senate in 1839 and 1848.

In 1832, Noboa served as the Ecuadorian Minister Plenipotentiary and was a leading figure in the conclusion of a treaty of friendship with Peru.

By 1845, Noboa was cited, along with two Ecuadorian businessmen José Joaquín de Olmedo and Vicente Ramón Roca, as the founder of the Marcista (March) movement, which drew from the U.S. Declaration of Independence to launch a rebellion. Roca, who became president from 1845 to 1849, engaged in another power struggle with Noboa.

From 1849 to 1851, Noboa's political rivalry with two other figures, Manuel de Ascásubi and Antonio Elizalde resulted in a civil strife. Noboa and Elizalde were described as republicans who supported democracy and liberty while Ascazubi favored more authoritarian policies. This conflict led to the rise of General José María Urvina, who in 1851 dominated the Ecuadorian politics through his presidency (1852-1860) and his influence on the presidency of General Francisco Robles.

Noboa was the great-great-grandfather of Gustavo Noboa Bejarano, who also became Ecuador's president (2000) and vice president under Jamil Mahuad's administration.

title: Diego Noboa