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Talk:KPFK

Untitled
I'm pretty sure that KPFA in Berkeley was the first station in the Pacifica network.Rockero
 * That misinformation has been corrected. KPFK was the 2nd. Blank Verse   ∅  21:13, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Questions
The template reads "Branding: Pacific". Shouldn't it be Pacifica? And is it really "important to note that" film club screening information is no longer provided via telephone? Seems pretty trivial to me...--Rockero 00:28, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

This article should be marked as a stub. Pacifica and KPFK have played a significant role in the history of social movements in the USA, and almost none of that is in here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.140.146.219 (talk • contribs)

Moved from main article space
"As of June 22, 2006, KPFK is in the midst of an extended pledge drive. According to the station, it costs approximately $500,000 to remain on the air. Among the gifts being given to those who donate are a set of 9/11 conspiracy theory DVDs, including Loose Change and 911 In Plane Sight, membership in the KPFK film club, and a bumper sticker reading 'Impeach the Terrorist'." They have fund drives twice a year. If we were to put a list of gifts every time, it would be overkill. Suffice it to mention that they are listener-sponsored through on-air fund drives.--Rockero 00:44, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It is an ongoing event which warrants mention, at least until the drive ends. And at the least, the $500,000 figure merits inclusion in the article. Perspixx 22:49, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
 * So do you want to add in a sentence about a fund drive every time one is going on and remove it every time it ends? I don't see how that enlightens our readers any. As for the station's financial information, if you would care to do a section on it, the information is available online.--Rockero 00:39, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * There are millions of articles on here that are hardly enlightening. Why don't you go hunting for those? Perspixx 02:12, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

10-watt secondary antenna?
Don't you guys think that's a little low? Shouldn't it be 10KW? dreddnott 20:05, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

You would have to check with the station staff - this may be a directional antenna 'repeater' on top of the station's building necessitated because construction of a tall building nearby interfered with the 'line-of-sight' to their transmitter on Mount WilsonL. Greg (talk) 04:25, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

 * I believe you are referring to the station's translator ( K254AH 98.7 FM, Isla Vista, CA )? 10 watts is what is listed on the radio-locator query for that station. The station also has two other translators according to Radio-locator . The FCC lists the main station as having a 250 watt booster in Malibu (KPFK-FM1).. Hope this helps, --milonica (talk) 04:52, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Lead section
The lead section, or introduction, of this article ends with an indication of four footnote references, [1][2][3][4], which appear to be improperly constructed so that they do not work. I haven't worked on footnotes before, but they are explained in WP:MOS. I'll check back when I have time to work on them, but if they were your edit you may want to fix them yourself. --Rich Janis 08:11, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Shows
The "Shows" section seems inappropriate: it is not encyclopedic, and the existing link to the station's website is a more reliable source of the station's list of its 100+ current shows. I plan to remove this section and restore the FCC links to their previous position in the External links section, where they belong. --Rich Janis 08:22, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

April 4 2016, an explanation of how KPFK programs are listed here, by how many hrs/on-air/wk vs. programmers promoting their own by placing them up higher as if more important. Being a long-time KPFK volunteer, I offer what i can to share updated info, as neutrally as possible too. Activistrep (talk) 21:53, 5 April 2016 (UTC)activerep

note old information of programs and personnel on bottom violet box listings, totally outdated, incomplete and also now irrelevant. Dont see an "edit" link to correct it, even a bit. Activistrep (talk) 00:10, 11 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep

Fair use rationale for Image:KPFKlogo.jpg
Image:KPFKlogo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Local Station Board
notice this has been inserted to provide actual info about how KPFK's LSB operates, succinctly here. Activistrep (talk) 23:52, 10 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep april 10 2016

This has been limited to factual information from the organization's bylaws, as "how" it operates beyond that is subjective and changes frequently. Realleslie (talk) 19:38, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

Mission Statement
notice the KPFK mission that is continually referred to has been included here for general expanded info Activistrep (talk) 23:52, 10 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep April 10 2016

someone deleted above so it was again "Mission" placed on Wikipedia page to inform all readers what the mission of KPFK/ Pacifica are. who or why it was removed has not been explained or noted here nor notification with reasons given to writer. It is quoted directly from KPFK website and so noted. Activistrep (talk) 23:26, 21 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep

History
additional info has been inserted w/ citations to give broader info re history, tho still limited to what is positive and not including all the conflicts that have been news stories elsewhere. REferences are included for further searches. Activistrep (talk) 23:55, 10 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep April 10 2016

Programming
Some of the "Programming" section looks as though it was written up by someone involved with the internal politics of KPFK, out to make a statement or rant about their policies, rather than saying anything objective or substantial, and seems that most of it is inserted opinion. (Indeed, with one paragraph conflicting with the next.) 99.42.81.242 (talk) 14:23, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

contributor above [unnamed] uses "rant" and is claiming info is Not "objective or substantial" critically - maybe not knowing what internal operations are affecting stability and maintenance of the radio station. Please see all citations for resources that provide updated current information of the fragility of KPFK and Pacifica. Writers enjoy criticizing as if they always knew more - when they may have not investigated important current facts, events and evidences of what is actually happening. Wikipedia is not limited to mere stats and dry data only, and neutrality is always a balancing act, especially for all critics and writers. Objectivity is in the eyes of the reader/viewer or claimed-Authority. Please question if any information written by this reviewer is inaccurate. (User talk) April 5 2016 Activistrep (talk) 22:00, 5 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep

notice that programmers like to UPlift to top their particular programs, tho only 1 hr/week on-air. The list is not complete for all programs avaialable, there are toooo many pgrms, but the ones with longer/more on-air time are on top of list, with those less on-air below. Activistrep (talk) 23:52, 10 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep april 10 2016

the separate violet box at bottom also refers to Programs/Shows and Personnel that is very very outdated and incorrect. But i cant find 'edit' link to help make some updated corrections. A few who are staff [pd & unionized] are listed on KPFK.org site but most others are no where listed. Programs occasionally change, and 1 citation has been provided to program schedule & another for list of programs, but that violet box below remain antiquated. I dont know how to fix it. sorry. Activistrep (talk) 00:18, 11 April 2016 (UTC)activistrep

title: Talk:KPFK


text: User talk:82.43.68.40

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:82.43.68.40


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Category:Florida International University

This category contains articles related to Florida International University, with its main campus in University Park, Florida.


text: Template:Slovakia-geo-stub

title: Template:Slovakia-geo-stub


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Wikipedia talk:Deletion review/Archive 1

Misc Conversation
Martin, I thank you for the undeletions. I trust that your decisions on these pages are good ones, and I won't challenge them.

However, I still consider the process you have been applying is not the proper one. Let me remind you that non sysop can not see deleted pages. Let's consider the person challenging a hasty deletion has seen the page and consider the page should be kept. He then comes here and add it to the list.

The process you have been applying here consisted essentially in reviewing "yourself" the page, and taking a "godlike" decision over the future of this page. I think this is deeply wrong.

Remember, the decision of deleting this page was a unilateral decision from a sysop. Then you add your unilateral decision - as a sysop - to keep it undeleted. That means, whatever my own request, my opinion as an editor is worth nothing. Why should sysop opinions have more weight than mine on a topic ? This is *very very* unwiki since in Wikipedia editors are supposed to have equal rights in edition. In deciding yourself unilaterally, you reject the opinion of the non-sysop, and you reject the very notion of consensus when there is a disagreement. When two people discuss an issue, a consensus can not be reached if one has preeminence over another in the end, should there still be disagreement. Even in a voting system (which I personally disapprove of - in particular when only a couple of people are involved), one "against", and one "for" is a 50% case, and need more input than just a unilateral decision from one of the two. Hence, the option you followed is neither consensual, nor democratic. If this is the way wikipedia works, I think Power structure should be edited.

A sysop is there to clean the place, to ensure the rules are respected, to be a pilar for coherance conservation. The sysop is not there to decide which content is right and which content is not right with little respect of the rules, right ? Otherwise, the Votes for deletion would be a protected page, and decision over deletions would be acceptable per sysops only.

You might say "right, just keep it on the list, and wait till another sysop takes the pain to undelete it for you". Given the pain of the undeletion process (so I understood, the french wiki does have a relatively small number of deleted articles, so this is not too bad), it is very unlikely, and very unefficient that two people do the same process one after another. Better do it only one time.

The other point in refuse of consensual decision is that with that process, only sysops will ever have the opportunity to give their opinion, and choose to restore or not, never other regular users, since they will never see the page content.

In short, I think the process applied on that page, should be precisely the reverse of the process apply on the Votes for deletion. Which is a place where everyone, sysop or non sysop have the right to give their opinion, and where opinions of people have the same weight, whether black, white, male, female, young, old, sysop or non sysop.

Right now, here, I can give my opinion, but a regular user opinion has *no* weight against a sysop opinion. This is humiliating and very wrong. I hope you will then understand it is not satisfying.

Idea : I have the feeling one reason why you feel like taking a "godlike" decision is that some undeletions would become permanents (for example, I suppose restoring an historical version of an existing article cannot be later un-processed - case of the three articles you restored yesterday). Why not in these cases where you feel it is likely the "community" decision (that you, and I, and everybody feeling concerned) will be to keep it undeleted, copy paste the content in a temp page associated with this one, so people can judge the content without potentially restoring something wrong ?

User:Anthere

 * You say: "A sysop is there to clean the place, to ensure the rules are respected, to be a pilar for coherance conservation." This isn't true at all. A sysop isn't there to "do" anything. If a sysop wants to carry on in exactly the same way they did before they were a sysop, they're quite entitled to do so. If a sysop wants to do nothing but make new articles on Albanian kings and have nothing to do with anything else, that's fine. Being a sysop doesn't carry with it any extra responsibilities as such. Therefore, why don't you become a sysop? If everyone is a sysop, and new users are made sysops once it becomes clear they're not simple vandals, these sorts of problems don't matter so much (I'm not saying they are solved, but they are lessened). You're saying how sysops should handle this page and complaining they're not doing it right - fine, but if you think something is being done incorrectly, the best way to deal with that, and the WikiWay, is for you yourself to do it the way you think it should be done, not demand that others do it that way. Therefore, become a sysop. --Camembert

 * You are quite right to say "if you want to do it, do it yourself". Except that if *I* want to do it myself, I will just have to tell Eloquence to make me sysop, restore the file, and forget all about it.
 * But if...dunno...Little Fat Buddha wants to have an article restored because he thinks it was interesting and deleted without community agreement, he won't have any chance to be heard for he will perhaps not be made sysop even if he ask. When something is wrong in the way a country is managed, a regular citizen will first want to have a way for his opinion to be heard and will hope to have impact though voting for a president or another, perhaps. I don't think the good answer if he ask for more transparency and equality, is to tell him, "become the president, then the country can be ruled the way you want". ant

 * Anthere, I do understand (really, I do), but I'm somewhat stymied by the system here - non-sysops can't see deleted pages - that's a fact of the universe (or rather a fact of the wikipedia software) that I can't fully work around. That's why I'm so in favour of a deletion management redesign.

 * Si. But possibly I will be a grand mother by the time it is implemented :-)

 * Your idea is a good one, though. There's one minor hitch: I can't copy and paste the source to deleted pages, the way the system currently works. What I can do, though, is undelete the page and move it into a subpage of this page. Would that help?

 * Hum. I had not realised. Yes, indeed, it is not possible. Crumbs.

 * An alternative would be to undelete all pages upon request here, and then immediately list them on VfD for further discussion. Which of these options do you think would be better? I'm trying to do the Right Thing here - but it's not easy! Martin

 * Here is a Good Option, since it was precisely the process which they should have gone through. Also a good idea since it somehow makes forget the article did not go through the proper process (it is gentler on the deleter, right ? hence gentler on the community as it does not focus on the error, but rather on the content). Also a good idea since it make sense that questionable articles are all listed at the right place. It should be indicated here when they are undeleted and listed on vfd. The name of the sysop who did the deletion should not be indicated on vfd, just a statement that the article was listed here. Is that acceptable ?

 * Excellent :) Martin

Hello. I'd just like to say that I think this page was a brilliant idea! Which of you came up with it? I think undeleting things is good. :) I haven't contributed to the page yet, though, as I must admit it rather confuses me... How does it work, exactly? Can I, as a sysop, undelete things that I think shouldn't have been deleted? Or should I put them on the "votes for undeletion" page and then wait for another sysop to undelete them, so I can't be accused of doing anything unilaterally? Or does it not matter either way? -- Oliver P. 17:18 17 Jun 2003 (UTC)

well, it came up from discussions on censorship. Yours is a good question. Until now, I put a lot of the stuff to undelete. And usually Martin did the job of undeletion. So...User:anthere

 * Ah, thanks for the link. I missed that discussion. Well, maybe I'll just put things on the page and make Martin do all the hard work. ;) No, well, I suppose if I undelete something and then put it on "votes for deletion" again with my argument against its having been deleted, then no-one can accuse me of being sneaky. Everyone will get annoyed at the cluttering up of the "votes for deletion" page, though. :) -- Oliver P. 13:11 19 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * You could counter the clutter by finally making that deleted suspected copyright infringement that people have been muttering about for a little while. :)
 * I'd say... feel free to unilaterally undelete if you're feeling bold, but add the page to "votes for deletion". If you're feeling less bold, you might add it here first. Martin 13:24 19 Jun 2003 (UTC)

I have just made the following change:
 * Having this page does allow sysops to be a little more bold in deleting articles, but it should be noted that the undeletion process remains painful, so care should be taken.

Became
 * Having this page does not allow sysops to ignore the rules set out in Policy on permanent deletion of pages. The undeletion process remains painful, so care should be taken.

I hope this is not controversial. GrahamN 15:07 18 Jun 2003 (UTC)

That looks better than the old version to me. :) I was a bit uneasy about that statement, and I was thinking of changing it myself. It seemed to be giving sysops permission to pay less attention to the rules, which I don't think would be a good thing. -- Oliver P. 13:11 19 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * I'm fine with that, Graham :) Martin 13:24 19 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * I am equally happy with it. :-) ant

Martin, I don't think we are allowed to delete people. :) But then, on the other hand, I always kind of wanted to undelete Mozart and get him to write down symphonies #42 to 84 for me. :) Tannin

 * Old Wikipedians don't die - they're just moved to meta. :) Martin

I don't understand the bit that says, "Don't list an article here merely because it was deleted without proper process." Surely that's the best reason for listing it here? If an article has gone through the proper process, there will rarely be any reason to undelete it, as far as I can see. At least, if it has been listed on "Votes for deletion" for a week, since that's usually long enough to register any protests. On the other hand, I can't think of any reason why an article shouldn't be undeleted if it hasn't gone through the proper process. What's your reasoning here...? -- Oliver P. 15:36 14 Jul 2003 (UTC)

The "subduction zone" ordering of this page is giving me a headache. Adding to the edges and deleting from the middle seems such a strange way to do things. Can we please change over to ordinary chronological ordering, adding to the bottom, like every other page on the wiki except Vandalism in progress? -- Tim Starling 08:29 15 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * sure. I've pondered it myself, but never got round to re-ordering stuff. Martin

 * just put everything in an archive...then the filling could start anew from the bottom. What about also adding that undeleting can been done boldly just as deleting can be boldly, without either of them implying sysop power abuse ? Anthère

I disagree with the idea of relisting entries on VFD after they are undeleted. It fractures the discussion and makes it difficult to work out what's going on. Since we now have ~90 sysops, we should expect sysop edit wars over deletion to become more common, and the current system handles them very poorly.

I propose that when an article is listed here, the discussion from VFD should be quoted in full. Of course it can be archived to the article talk page if need be. The discussion can then continue with reference to previous talk on the matter. Many iterations of deletion/undeletion can take place while the VFUD discussion is occurring, but the entry should only be removed from VFUD when discussion has ceased and a consensus is reached. -- Tim Starling 03:01 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

P.S. I'm not saying that deletion/undeletion wars are a good thing, just that they have happened, and will probably continue to happen, so we shouldn't close our eyes and ignore them. -- Tim Starling 03:12 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I'd take the opposite approach. Sysop wars over deletion/undeletion should not happen, and if they do happen then both sysops should be immediately demoted, in my opinion. Martin 19:17, 26 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Actually, this page doesn't necessarily seem to work as described it the paragraph I tagged. If a sysop sees your request but doesn't trust you, he or she isn't likely to honor your request for undeletion. There doesn't seem to be a policy for the "lack of trust" issue. -- Cyan 18:39, 26 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * that is problematic indeed. Must say there, that a couple of undeletion I practiced for some people lead my mail box to explode under critics. This is tiresome and unproductive. Do you have an option for undeleting sysops not to be bugged by non-trusting sysops ? Anthère

 * Tell 'em that if they don't like the policy, they should come here and suggest a better one. Martin 19:17, 26 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Just noting that the List of Heterosexuals have been listed here for close to two weeks. Two users has since voted for undeletion against none. Is something rotten in the state of Denmark? BL 17:21, 6 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * It's not clear that Lir still wants the page undeleted. I sent him a copy after he provided me with an email address, and he hasn't followed up on the matter. If you want it undeleted permanently, perhaps you should make a separate request. If you want it undeleted so that you can view it, as Lir did, I will happily send you a copy if you provide me with an email address to send it to. Cheers, Cyan 19:26, 6 Oct 2003 (UTC)


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Saint Sebastian's School

Saint Sebastian's School is an independent, all-boys Catholic secondary day school located in Needham, Massachusetts. The school enrolls around 380 boys in grades 7–12.

St. Sebastian's is the only Catholic school in the Independent School League. Its athletic teams have produced a number of professional athletes. The ice hockey team has produced 6 NHL first-round draft picks and 31 draft picks in total.

History
St. Sebastian's was founded in 1941 as St. Sebastian's Country Day School by William Henry Cardinal O'Connell, who served as Archbishop of Boston from 1907 to 1944. O'Connell's policy was to encourage the establishment of Catholic private schools outside the parochial system. He purchased the old Newton, Massachusetts campus of the Country Day School of Boston, which had merged with The Rivers School the previous year. The school opened with 21 ninth-graders and six teachers, all of whom were Catholic priests, and charged $350 a year in tuition ($7,239 in March 2024 dollars). The first students graduated in 1945.

Although St. Sebastian's is not a parochial school, it is a Catholic school, and the Archbishop of Boston (Sean Cardinal O'Malley) chairs its board of trustees. The foundation of the school reflected the increasing affluence of Boston's Irish Catholic community. One alumnus from the 1950s said that the school provided "a regimen of tough academics, fierce sports teams, and a cadre of Catholic Irish city kids mixed with new after-the-war Irish suburbanite kids." Today, the school states that it accepts both Catholic and non-Catholic students, but that "the majority of students come from the Catholic faith." The Archdiocese of Boston lists the school as a "related organization," meaning that the Archdiocese either sponsors the school or has the right to elect or appoint school officers and/or members of the board of trustees.

In 1982, the school moved to its current 26-acre campus in Needham. It currently educates boys from 68 towns in Massachusetts. St. Sebastian's claims a student-teacher ratio of 7:1, with an average class size of 10.

Tuition and financial aid
In the 2023–24 school year, St. Sebastian's charged students $58,200. 30% of the student body is on financial aid.

The school's policy is to meet 100% of an admitted student's demonstrated financial need. Based on the school's $4.5 million financial aid budget, the average aid grant is roughly $39,500, or 68% of tuition.

Endowment and expenses
St. Sebastian's does not file publicly accessible Internal Revenue Service disclosures. Its financial endowment is separately incorporated. In its IRS filings for the 2021–22 school year, the St. Sebastian's endowment reported total assets of $78.7 million and net assets of $69.4 million, and disclosed that the school drew $6.4 million from its endowment that year.

In 2023, a consulting firm retained by the school disclosed that St. Sebastian's annual operating budget was $21.5 million.

Athletics
St. Sebastian's offers 13 sports. Its teams, nicknamed the Arrows, compete in the Independent School League, a group of day and boarding schools in Greater Boston. St. Sebastian's is the only Catholic school in the ISL, and is not a member of the Massachusetts Catholic Conference; its student body is roughly half the size of most Catholic Conference boys' schools. In 2022, St. Sebastian's hired away Jon Bartlett, who had served as the athletic director at Boston College High School for the previous 21 years.

The school's athletic facilities include a hockey rink, two basketball courts, six squash courts, six tennis courts, a two-mat wrestling room, artificial turf fields for football, lacrosse, soccer, and baseball, and one grass multi-sport field.

The ice hockey team has produced 30 NHL draft picks, including first-rounders Joe Hulbig (1992, 13th overall), Rick DiPietro (2000, 1st overall), Mike Morris (2002, 27th overall), Brian Boyle (2003, 26th overall), Noah Hanifin (2015, 5th overall), and Will Smith (2023, 4th overall).

Government

 * William B. Evans, Commissioner of the Boston Police Department
 * Paul G. Kirk, U.S. Senator and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
 * Kevin E. Moley, U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva
 * James H. Maloney, U.S. Congressman

Journalism and entertainment

 * Bob Arnot, physician and television personality
 * Lawrence O'Donnell, writer/producer, notably The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell and The West Wing
 * John Slattery, actor

Ice hockey

 * Brian Boyle
 * Drew Commesso
 * Carl Corazzini
 * Rick DiPietro
 * Mike Grier
 * Noah Hanifin
 * Joe Hulbig
 * Chris Kelleher
 * Ryan Lannon
 * Mike Morris
 * Mike Morrison
 * Albie O'Connell
 * Danny O'Regan
 * Mike Pandolfo
 * Kevin Regan
 * Sean Sullivan
 * Jayden Struble
 * Mike Walsh
 * Noah Welch

Other sports

 * Tony Barros (basketball)
 * Matt Duffy (baseball)
 * AJ Dybantsa (basketball)
 * Richard Pitino (basketball)
 * Mike Smith (baseball)
 * Connor Strachan (football)

title: Saint Sebastian's School


text:
Stryj

Stryj may refer to:
 * Stryj, Lublin Voivodeship, east Poland
 * Stryi, Ukraine (Stryj in Polish)
 * Stryi Raion, Ukraine
 * Stryi (air base), Ukraine
 * Stryi River, in Ukraine
 * Zbigniew Stryj (born 1968), Polish actor

title: Stryj


text:
Erika Nickrenz

Erika Nickrenz (born 1963) is an American classical pianist best known as the pianist for the Eroica Trio.

Both her parents are professional musicians, her mother, Joanna Nickrenz, a Grammy Award-winning pianist and her father a violist. She began playing the piano at age 6 and studied with German Diez at the Claudio Arrau School in New York City.

She began playing with Adela Peña, the violinist in the Eroica Trio, when they were both 9. She made her concerto debut at 11 at New York's Town Hall. She met Sara Sant'Ambrogio, the third member of the trio, at 12 when she studied with Sara's grandmother, Isabelle Sant'Ambrogio. She received both her bachelor's and master's degrees from the Juilliard School of Music where she studied with Abbey Simon.

title: Erika Nickrenz


text:
Mill Hill (disambiguation)

Mill Hill is a place in the London Borough of Barnet

Mill Hill may also refer to:

United Kingdom

 * See List of United Kingdom locations: Mill
 * Mill Hill, Barnes, a street in Barnes, London

United States

 * Mill Hill (Barnstable County, Massachusetts)
 * Mill Hill (Dukes County, Massachusetts)
 * Mill Hill, Trenton, New Jersey, a neighborhood in Trenton, New Jersey
 * Mill Hill (Concord, North Carolina), historic house, home of master builder Jacob Stirewalt, listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
 * Mill Hill Historic Park, a museum complex in Norwalk, Connecticut

Railway stations in the UK

 * Mill Hill Broadway railway station, on the Thameslink commuter line in Mill Hill, North London
 * Mill Hill East tube station, terminus of the single track branchline of the Northern line in North London
 * Mill Hill (The Hale) railway station, a former station on the Edgware, Highgate and London Railway in Mill Hill, North London and an unbuilt London Underground station
 * Mill Hill (Lancashire) railway station, in the Mill Hill area of Blackburn
 * Mills Hill railway station, near Chadderton, Greater Manchester

Ships

 * SS Gracechurch, a cargo steamship built in 1930, renamed SS Peebles in 1933, renamed SS Mill Hill in 1936 and torpedoed in 1940
 * SS Samdon, a Liberty ship built in 1943, renamed SS Mill Hill in 1947 and renamed SS London Vendor in 1949

Other

 * Mill Hill Missionaries, a society of Catholic missionaries founded in 1866

title: Mill Hill (disambiguation)


text:
Thomas Middleton (bishop)

Thomas Fanshaw Middleton (28 January 1769 – 8 July 1822) was a noted Anglican bishop.

Life
Middleton was born in Kedleston in Derbyshire, England, the son of Thomas Middleton, Rector of Kedleston and educated at Christ's Hospital. He then went up to Pembroke College, Cambridge, and on graduation was ordained in the Church of England. He was appointed curate of Gainsborough (1792), Rector of Tansor (1795), Rector of Bytham (1802), Prebendary of Lincoln (1809), Archdeacon of Huntingdon and Vicar of St Pancras.

In 1814, Middleton became the first Bishop of Calcutta. This diocese included not just India, but the entire territory of the British East India Company (EIC). When he arrived in India he found that he was not allowed to ordain "Natives of India", as all ordinations were carried out by the EIC in London. In response, he founded Bishop's College in Calcutta, which admitted Britons Indians and Anglo-Indians, some of whom could go on to ordination. However although the college was built for seventy students, they still only had eight students fourteen years after it opened.

In May 1814, Middleton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on the basis of being "a Gentleman well known to the literary world as the author of several classical works, and conversant with various departments of science"

He died in Calcutta of sunstroke on 8 July 1822 and is buried under the altar of St. John's Church, the then cathedral of Calcutta. There is also a memorial to him in St Paul's Cathedral.

Works

 * The Doctrine of the Greek Article Applied to the Criticism and Illustration of the New Testament (1841)

title: Thomas Middleton (bishop)


text:
John McNamara (baseball)

John Francis McNamara (June 4, 1932 –July 28, 2020) was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. After spending over 15 years in the minor leagues as a catcher and player-manager, McNamara helmed six Major League Baseball (MLB) teams for all or parts of 19 seasons between 1969 and 1996. He directed the 1986 Boston Red Sox to the American League pennant, and was named his league's "Manager of the Year" by both the BBWAA and The Sporting News.

Early life and playing career
McNamara was born in Sacramento, the fourth of five children of John and Josephine McNamara. His father, an Irish immigrant who was a railroad worker, died in 1944; his mother worked at the California Department of Motor Vehicles. McNamara attended Christian Brothers High School, where he was selected as an All-City player in both basketball and baseball. At Sacramento City College (SCC), he led his team to the 1951 California Community College Athletic Association state championship and later was inducted to the SCC Athletic Hall of Fame.

A right-handed batter and thrower who stood 5 ft tall and weighed 175 lb, in his playing days he was a peripatetic, weak-hitting catcher who originally signed with the St. Louis Cardinals organization in 1951. He rose as high as the Open-Classification Pacific Coast League during 1956 as a member of his hometown Solons, but he hit only .171 in 76 games played.

Minor leagues
McNamara began his managing career with the Lewis-Clark Broncs in Lewiston, Idaho, of the Class B Northwest League in 1959, and when the club became an affiliate of the Kansas City Athletics in 1960, McNamara joined the Athletics' farm system. After helming the Triple-A Dallas Rangers in 1964, he won Southern League pennants at Kansas City's Double-A affiliates, Mobile (1966) and Birmingham (1967), where he groomed many future members of the Oakland Athletics' early-1970s dynasty — including Hall of Famers Rollie Fingers and Reggie Jackson, as well as Sal Bando, Blue Moon Odom, Joe Rudi and others. At the same time, McNamara also mentored future Hall of Fame manager (then an infielder) Tony LaRussa and future pitching coach (then catcher) Dave Duncan. Jackson, in particular, credited McNamara with helping him through his time with Birmingham, with the racial tensions that existed in the Deep South at the time.

Oakland Athletics
McNamara served as a coach at the major-league level for Oakland from 1968 through September 18, 1969, when A's owner Charlie Finley fired manager Hank Bauer and promoted McNamara, then 37, to succeed him. The Athletics were in second place in the American League West Division, nine games behind the Minnesota Twins. They went 8–5 under McNamara for the rest of the campaign, then finished second to the Twins again in 1970 with an 89–73 mark. Finley replaced him with Dick Williams at season's end, and the A's would go on to win five successive division titles and three straight American League pennants and World Series titles under Williams and Alvin Dark.

San Diego Padres
McNamara returned to the coaching ranks from 1971–73 with the cross-bay San Francisco Giants before he took over the struggling San Diego Padres as their manager in 1974. The Padres improved incrementally, winning 60, 71, and 73 games through 1976, then signed free agents Fingers and Gene Tenace away from McNamara's old team, the A's. Expected to dramatically improve in 1977, instead the Padres stood at only 20–28 on May 28 when McNamara was fired and replaced by Dark. He spent 1978 as a coach for the California Angels, then was hired to succeed Sparky Anderson, also a future Hall of Fame manager, as skipper of the Cincinnati Reds in 1979.

Cincinnati Reds
After World Series titles in 1975 and 1976, the Reds finished second to the Los Angeles Dodgers for two consecutive seasons in the National League West Division, and Anderson had been fired amid controversy, reportedly because he refused his front office's order to fire members of his coaching staff.

McNamara's 1979 Reds, minus legend Pete Rose, who had defected to the Philadelphia Phillies as a free agent, won 90 games—two fewer than Anderson's 1978 team. But they edged the Houston Astros by 1 $1⁄2$ games to win the NL West and became McNamara's first postseason entry. In the 1979 National League Championship Series, however, the Reds dropped the first two games at home in extra innings to the Pittsburgh Pirates, then were swept out of the playoffs in Game 3. Pittsburgh went on to win the 1979 World Series. McNamara's 1980 Reds won 89 games but finished third, 3 $1⁄2$ games behind Houston.

Then came Cincinnati's frustrating 1981 season: the Reds compiled the best overall record in the National League West (66–42, .611), but the split-season format adopted because of the 1981 Major League Baseball strike denied them a place in the playoffs because they finished second (initially to the Dodgers, then to the Astros) in each half-season. The 1981 campaign became all the more distressing because the 1982 Reds unraveled, losing 58 of their first 92 games, falling into the division basement. McNamara was fired on July 20, 1982, with Cincinnati 23 games out of first place.

California Angels
Buzzie Bavasi had been the president of the Padres when McNamara became their manager in 1974, and had moved to the California Angels after the 1977 season as general manager. Along with then-manager Dave Garcia, he had hired McNamara as an Angels coach in 1978, before the Reds job opened up. After the 1982 season, when the Angels lost a heart-breaking ALCS to the Milwaukee Brewers, their veteran manager, Gene Mauch, retired. Bavasi then hired McNamara a third time, this time as skipper of the 1983 Angels, although that team dropped precipitously in the standings, winning only 70 games – 23 fewer than in 1982 – and finishing 29 games behind the Chicago White Sox. The following year, the 1984 Angels clawed back to .500 at 81–81, but came within three games of the division champion Kansas City Royals, who won only 84 contests all season.

McNamara clashed with pitcher Tommy John that year, not listening to John when the 41-year-old pitcher told him he was tiring in games. Late in the year, he moved John to the bullpen, then forbid him to practice throwing because he wanted to keep the pitcher's arm fresh in case he needed him. Wanting practice to get his problems straightened out, John practiced throwing anyway, much to McNamara's displeasure. Frank Pastore had the same issue with McNamara during the manager's time with the Reds.

Boston Red Sox
When Ralph Houk, 65, retired as Boston's manager at the close of the 1984 season, the Red Sox approached the Angels about McNamara's availability for the opening; he and Haywood Sullivan, the Red Sox' chief executive officer and co-owner, had managed together in the Athletics' organization in the mid-1960s. With Mauch ready to return to the dugout, the Angels agreed to let McNamara go to Boston, and in 1985, he led the Red Sox to another .500 season; but at 81–81, they finished 18 $1⁄2$ games behind the Toronto Blue Jays in the American League East Division.

However, 1986 would be a different story. With fireballing Roger Clemens winning his first 14 decisions en route to the Cy Young Award and American League Most Valuable Player Award, the Red Sox won 95 games and captured the division title, setting the stage for McNamara's second and final postseason appearance as a manager. First, they battled back from a three-games-to-one deficit to defeat Mauch's Angels in the 1986 American League Championship Series, reaching the World Series against the National League champion New York Mets.

1986 World Series
McNamara's managerial tactics during the 1986 World Series (especially in the last two games) received much criticism and scrutiny. In the pivotal sixth game, McNamara removed Red Sox ace Roger Clemens in the eighth inning despite the fact that Clemens was still pitching well. Both parties have different stories regarding Clemens's departure. According to Clemens, he did not want to leave the game, but McNamara insisted that Clemens asked to be taken out because he had a blister on his pitching hand. Other players backed Clemens's version. McNamara was also criticized for pinch-hitting Clemens with rookie Mike Greenwell, who struck out on three pitches, when veteran slugger and noted cluch hitter Don Baylor was also available. McNamara's move was further questioned in light of the relatively poor performances of closer Calvin Schiraldi and longtime reliever Bob Stanley, especially considering that he brought Schiraldi into the game for what was supposed to be a two-inning save and left him in the game for the first two outs of the tenth after he blew the save.

Yet, perhaps the decision that McNamara will be most remembered for is his leaving first baseman Bill Buckner in the game in the 10th inning rather than removing him for a defensive substitute. McNamara was ridiculed for years afterward for leaving Buckner on the field instead of replacing him with Dave Stapleton, who had previously been used to replace Buckner in late innings for defensive purposes (including Games 1 and 5 of the World Series). He later said, "I felt Buckner deserved to be on the field when we won." The Red Sox players also believed that their manager let sentiment overpower his judgement. Stapleton claimed that "[McNamara] damn well knows that he messed up. And he very well could have cost us the World Series that year." McNamara finally responded to Stapleton's attack in 2011 during an interview with Bob Costas for MLB Network, changing his original claim that sentiment was what caused him to keep Buckner in the game and saying that Stapleton had the nickname of "Shaky" because of his poor defense. It was an odd position to take, considering McNamara had used Stapleton in that spot all season long.

With Game 7 delayed a day due to rain in New York, McNamara bumped originally-scheduled starting pitcher Oil Can Boyd in favor of starting Bruce Hurst, the winner of Games 1 and 5 and the presumptive MVP of the series if the Red Sox were to win, on three days' rest; the Red Sox had chosen to go with a normal four-man rotation during the series, unlike the Mets who pitched a three-man rotation. The decision upset Boyd so much that he began drinking heavily afterward and drank himself to the point of intoxication, according to accounts given by McNamara and his pitching coach Bill Fischer, thus rendering him unavailable.

Hurst was staked to a 3–0 lead and pitched shutout ball for five innings, but tired in the sixth allowing the Mets to score three runs to tie the game. Since Boyd's actions had left the bullpen short staffed in a situation where every able pitcher would need to be available in case of an emergency, McNamara decided to bring Calvin Schiraldi in despite his struggles in Game 6 and the fact that he was still tired from pitching 2.2 innings that night (something he wasn't used to). Schiraldi gave up a tie-breaking home run to Ray Knight, the first batter he faced, and ended up surrendering three runs while recording only a single out. The Red Sox would lose the game 8–5, thus losing the series.

Final seasons (1987–88) with Red Sox
McNamara's 1987 Red Sox not only failed to repeat as divisional or league champions, but also they failed to reach .500. With only 78 wins, they finished 20 games behind the Detroit Tigers. McNamara was invited to return for 1988, and the Boston bullpen was buttressed by the acquisition of All-Star relief pitcher and future Hall of Famer Lee Smith. However, the Red Sox played well below expectations and were only 43–42, nine games behind the Tigers, by the July 11–14 All-Star break. McNamara was fired during the hiatus, and his interim successor, third-base coach "Walpole Joe" Morgan (not to be confused with Hall of Fame player Joe Morgan), promptly won 19 of his first 20 games as skipper to pull the Red Sox into a first-place tie with Tigers by August 3. They went on to win the division championship.

Cleveland Indians and interim Angels' pilot
McNamara's managing career was not over, however. He spent 1989 as a Seattle Mariners scout, but on November 3, 1989, the Cleveland Indians hired him as their skipper for 1990. Under McNamara, the 1990 Indians improved by four games compared with the 1989 edition, going 77–85 and finishing fourth in the AL East, only 11 games behind the Red Sox. But in 1991, Cleveland took a major step backward; they won only 25 of 77 games under McNamara until his firing on July 5, and dropped 105 of 162 games that season.

McNamara returned to the Angels' organization as a minor league catching instructor, but was called to manage in the majors a final time in 1996 at age 64. He became interim pilot upon Marcel Lachemann's resignation on August 6, and had directed them to a 5–9 record when he was hospitalized for a blood clot in his leg on August 20. After coach Joe Maddon helmed the Angels for three weeks while he was treated, McNamara was able to return to the Angels and finish the 1996 season. He compiled a 10–18 overall record, and was eventually succeeded by Terry Collins for 1997.

Managerial record
The 1996 assignment concluded McNamara's managerial career. Over all or parts of 19 seasons, he had a record of 1,160–1,233 (.485).

Personal life
McNamara married his first wife, Kathleen, at the start of his playing career. Together, they raised four children – three daughters (Peggy, Maureen, and Susan) and one son (Mike). He subsequently married Ellen Goode. The two of them moved to her hometown of Nashville, Tennessee, when McNamara retired from baseball. Very tragically, as noted in his obituary, in 1996 two of McNamara's young grandsons were killed by his son-in-law — their father — who then killed himself.

McNamara died aged 88 on July 28, 2020, at his home in Tennessee.

title: John McNamara (baseball)


text:
Wikipedia talk:Deletion review/Archive 2

Discussion of articles
There seems to be a lot of discussion on "Votes for undeletion" about the merits (or lack thereof) of the Sept. 11th articles. I think that we should establish that Vfu should not be used for discussion of the content of the articles being proposed for undeletion. That would be unfair, since most Wikipedians can no longer read it. (Yes, they can make requests to sysops to be privately e-mailed or whatever, but that takes more effort than a lot of people can be bothered with, so the process is not very open in practice even if it is in theory.) I think this page should be used only for discussing whether or not there is sufficient reason for the case to be reopened. For example, I think that casting doubt on the process by which the articles were deleted is reason enough to reopen the case. Discussion of the merits of the articles should then take place on Vfd after undeletion, rather than on Vfu, in my opinion. -- Oliver P. 03:06, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Anyone can ask for a copy of a deleted article on VfU, I've done this once and it arrived in my email box in minutes, so my impression on a very small sample space is that the system works well.

 * But perhaps there should be two pages for undeletion, one for pages deleted by proper listing in VfD, the other for pages summarily deleted or allegedly deleted without proper process. Reason: For articles deleted after discussion on VfD, the onus of proof should be on those who want the article undeleted, to reopen the discussion; On the other hand, for articles which have not enjoyed this period of discussion for whatever reason, the onus of proof should be on those who want it to remain deleted, as the discussion has not yet taken place and should. Andrewa 08:45, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Casting doubt on the process is enough to undelete? No, I disagree with this.  People are proposing that articles be undeleted when there was a nearly unanimous vote to delete.  Making articles ping-pong back and forth between VfD and VfU whenever a single person "casts doubt" is a bad idea.  Daniel Quinlan 17:14, Dec 7, 2003 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. It depends what you mean by "casting doubt on the process". If the process was followed, then someone objecting to the process is not a case for undeleting... that's a non-terminating loop as you say. But if there is doubt that the process was followed, I'd say undelete. The most common scenario for this is that something is instantly deleted that in hindsight needs discussion. This discussion should then take place on VfD, and the article needs to be undeleted for this to happen. The only time extended discussion should happen in VfU is when there's some reason for not undeleting, such as privacy concerns.

 * What we're after is a system that deletes trash and keeps useful stuff all with a minimum of overhead for both sysops and contributors generally. It needs to be robust, that is allow decisions to be reversed easily in need. Which is pretty much what we've got IMO. The main problem I see is overuse of VfD, when eg the article could have been instantly made a useful redirect or a useful stub. Cleanup is addressing this, perhaps sometimes undeleted articles should be listed there rather than straight to VfD? Or does this already happen? I haven't seen a case but I'm not all that regular here. Andrewa 20:21, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * If something is deleted "out of process", then that can be instantly undeleted. If something has gone through VfD and the decision made to delete it, it should not be undeleted without agreement being reached here first that it should be. Otherwise, you will just get one person who thinks nothing should ever be deleted casting doubt on everything that is deleted, regardless of what consensus was reached at VfD. I also think that if anything is undeleted for any reason, then that must be (re-)listed on VfD. Obviously the person who deleted it is voting that it be deleted, so their view should be taken into account. Angela. 20:39, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

How long do these things need to be here? There are things that have been here for weeks. RickK 07:59, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * I've moved some of them to Votes for undeletion/undeleted and Votes for undeletion/deleted. I think 2 weeks is usually going to be long enough. Angela. 08:13, 6 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Kobe Bryant's accuser's name
We don't have a consensus on publishing the name yet, even on the Kobe Bryant page. It's highly controversial, and we have at least two versions of the deleted article available without the name. That should be sufficient to evaluate the undeletion issue. People looking for this issue (it's reported on Goings-on, for example) only know to look for the issue, and may not recognize it if it's listed under the name. --Michael Snow 01:13, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * We don't have a consensus on removing it either. Until then we should use standard practices, which includes a link to the actual page we're discussing, and the complete uncensored page. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 02:06, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * We don't have a consensus either way; you're right. Until then we should do the conservative and respectful thing.  Standard practices are just that; they're not hard-and-fast rules.  Everybody understands what page we're talking about without needing to use the name.  Let the discussion play out.  moink 02:21, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The conservative thing to do is to do what we always do. I don't see how this is an issue of respect.  Anyone who does a quick google search for "kobe bryant accuser" will immediately find the name of the accuser. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 02:26, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Anthony, this isn't a standard case, so standard guidelines might not necessarily apply. - Seth Ilys 02:35, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * They might not (in this case, they do, but that's a different question), but until there is consensus on whether different rules should apply, we should go by the standard rules. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 02:36, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a unique case. At least while this discussion is still going on, I don't believe the name should be there - why not stick with something neutral? Ambivalenthysteria 03:18, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * How is the page supposed to be undeleted if the name of the page isn't even listed? There is nothing neutral.  You either list the name of the page, or you don't list the name of the page.  Hmm, maybe that's a compromise.  Move the page to "Kobe Bryant's accuser" and remove the references to the name.  then list the page on VfD and start a vote on the talk page about a rename and whether the name should be included. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 03:22, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with this compromise. We should leave the name out until the issue is decided.  moink 03:41, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * The name would still be in the history, however, unless it was subsequently deleted by consensus on VfD. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 03:50, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Fine with me. Ambivalenthysteria 03:56, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * This doesn't appear to have been done yet. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 00:33, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I want to make sure we all agree on what we're doing before I do it. What I think I'm doing is using that archived copy that someone has somewhere in their user space (somebody point me to where if they remember), moving it to Kobe Bryant's accuser, editing it so that it makes sense without the name, and then having all conversation about publishing the name on that page's talk page.  We'll put a note on the village pump etc so that all interested parties can participate in the discussion.  In the meantime we'll remove the name from here and wherever else it's mentioned. moink 00:57, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and moved the page from PCB21's user space. moink 01:08, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * That page doesn't have the author information in it. The original page needs to be the one that is moved. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 01:23, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Reorienting back to left
 * We do not retain copyright violation information. We delete the article and allow it to be recreated.  If Wikipedia decides that the accusers name is not appropriate then there is nothing wrong with deleting the article and allowing it to be recreated. - Texture 02:29, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is legally required to remove copyright information which they know about. They are not legally required to remove this woman's name.  But more importantly, Wikipedia is legally required, by copyright law (via the GFDL), to maintain the information on the authors.  This is not the case with a copyright violation, because the infringing content is not copied and pasted into the new page. anthony (this comment is a work in progress and may change without prior notice) 02:46, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Missing page
Obviously there is a page missing, which was incorrectly linked - how can the data be found again? The page of interest was called OCT (Optical coherence tomography). Can it be revived again as "Optical Coherence Tomography"? --BoP 13:30, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

ACCIDENTAL vandalism
I destroyed by mistake the English version of page ATC code A02 (overwrite to translate into french; I tought I was in the French section. Please restore the previous English version I am very sorry Eras-mus 23:40, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't be too hard on your yourself. It seems to have been an honest mistake.  I fixed it.  Actually, you could easily have fixed it yourself.   Any editor can "revert" the article to any previous version by clicking on the history tab, clicking on the date of the version to which you want to revert, then clicking "Edit this page".    You can then edit that text.   When you save (including the case where you make no edits), that old version (with any edits) becomes the current version.   You don't have to be an administrator to do this.  --BM 23:54, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I removed the reference to "deletion management redesign..."
I removed the line
 * A deletion management redesign may address many of these issues, but that is some way off.

It's unclear to me what it's talking about. Looking at the history of the Meta page, it looks like a discussion that was active in 2003, more or less petered out in early 2004, and apart from one comment has had no serious discussion since March 2004. Since this does not seem to be anything that is "in the works," not even "some ways off," I don't see the point of having it. Dpbsmith (talk) 17:15, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Where has Canada gone?
Sorry to post here, but I'm in a hurry and cannot really figure whom to tell about that. Am I dreaming, or the Canada article has been deleted?? --Valmi ✒ 02:30, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like it's back, but only has one edit in the history. I think the previous history needs to be appended. Kappa 02:33, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Full history is back, just replication lag. --SPUI (talk) 03:00, 23 May 2005 (UTC)


text:
Júlio César de Mello e Souza

Júlio César de Mello e Souza (Rio de Janeiro, May 6, 1895 – Recife, June 18, 1974), was a Brazilian writer and mathematics teacher. He was well known in Brazil and abroad for his books on recreational mathematics, most of them published under the pen names of Malba Tahan and Breno de Alencar Bianco.

He wrote 69 novels and 51 books of mathematics and other subjects, with over than two million books sold by 1995. His most famous work, The Man Who Counted, saw its 54th printing in 2001.

Júlio César's most popular books, including The Man Who Counted, are collections of mathematical problems, puzzles, curiosities, and embedded in tales inspired by the Arabian Nights. He thoroughly researched his subject matters — not only the mathematics, but also the history, geography, and culture of the Islamic Empire which was the backdrop and connecting thread of his books. Yet Júlio César's travels outside Brazil were limited to short visits to Buenos Aires, Montevideo, and Lisbon: he never set foot in the deserts and cities which he so vividly described in his books.

Júlio César was very critical of the educational methods used in Brazilian classrooms, especially for mathematics. "The mathematics teacher is a sadist," he claimed, "who loves to make everything as complicated as possible." In education, he was decades ahead of his time, and his proposals are still more praised than implemented today.

For his books, Júlio César received a prize by the prestigious Brazilian Literary Academy and was made a member of the Pernambuco Literary Academy. The Malba Tahan Institute was founded in 2004 at Queluz to preserve his legacy. The State Legislature of Rio de Janeiro determined his birthday, May 6, to be commemorated as the Mathematician's Day.

Early life
Júlio César was born in Rio de Janeiro but spent most of his childhood in Queluz, a small rural town in the State of São Paulo. His father, João de Deus de Mello e Souza, was a civil servant with limited salary and eight (some reports say nine) children to support.

In 1905 he was sent with his older brother, João Batista, to Rio de Janeiro to attend preparatory classes for admission to the prestigious Colégio Militar do Rio de Janeiro, where he studied from 1906 to 1909, and later at Colégio Pedro II.

As a student, Júlio César was not academically successful. In a 1905 letter to their parents, João Batista tells that little Júlio "is bad at writing, and a failure in mathematics". His grade reports at Colégio Pedro II show that he once failed an Algebra exam, and barely passed one on Arithmetic. He later attributed these results to the teaching practices of the time, based on "the detestable method of salivation".

However, he did show signs of his originality and non-conventional approaches in other ways. As a child in Queluz, he used to keep frogs as pets, and at one point he had some 50 animals in his yard. One of them, nicknamed "Monsignor", would follow him through the town. As an adult, he kept up with this hobby by assembling a large collection of frog statuettes.

His career as a writer began while he was still in high school, when one of his classmates offered him a brand-new pen and a postage stamp from Chile in exchange for an essay on the theme of "Hope", the homework for the next day. According to his memoirs, Júlio was called late at night by other anxious students, and by the next morning he had provided four different essays on "Hope", at 400 réis a piece. He kept on this activity for the rest of the year, writing on "Hate", "Nostalgia", and whatever else the teacher demanded.

Many years later he met his teacher, Silva Ramos, and told him of those dubious activities. When Silva Ramos introduced him jokingly to Raul Pederneiras as a "merchant of Hope and Hate", he got from the man prophetic advice: "Forget Hate and go on selling Hope. Take up this poetic profession, Merchant of Hope: since that business is profitable for the buyer, and even more so for the seller."

Writing
Júlio began to write tales on his own while still in his teens but did not impress the critics in his family. His brother João Batista recalls that Júlio's tales were full of superfluous characters with bizarre names like "Mardukbarian" or "Protocholóski".

In 1918, at the age of 23, Júlio César presented five of his tales to the editor of the newspaper O Imparcial, where he worked, but his boss did not even look at them. Undaunted, Júlio picked up the manuscripts and brought them back a few days later, this time pretending that they were translations of the work of a certain "R. S. Slade," supposedly the rage in New York City. The first of those tales, The Jew's Revenge, was published in the front page of the next issue of the newspaper; and the rest followed suit.

This experience convinced Júlio to assume a "foreign" pen name. He chose an Arabian identity — because, as he declared in an interview, the Arabs were unsurpassed in the art of storytelling. For the next seven years he prepared himself by studying Arabic and reading all he could on Islamic culture. In 1925, he sold the idea of a series of tales on Oriental themes to Irineu Marinho, editor of the newspaper A Noite (which would later become a huge Brazilian media conglomerate, the Organizações Globo). His stories, published in the column Contos de Malba Tahan ("Tales of Malba Tahan"), were attributed to a fictitious Arabian scholar of that name, and ostensibly translated by an equally fictitious "Professor Breno Alencar Bianco".

Whether for the catchy pseudonym, or (more likely) for the author's lively style and imagination, his books were a resounding success, and he became a national celebrity. Even though his identity soon was known to everybody, he continued to use the name of Malba Tahan in his public life. He had a rubber stamp made with that name in Arabic script, which he used when grading his student's homework; and, in 1952 — by special permission of Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas — he added "Malba Tahan" to his own legal name.

Teaching
Before becoming a teacher, he worked for a time as general assistant at the National Library.

Júlio César graduated as an elementary schoolteacher at the Escola Normal do Distrito Federal in Rio de Janeiro, and as a civil engineer at the Escola Politécnica in 1913. He started lecturing as a substitute teacher at the Colégio Pedro II, and later became a teacher at the Escola Normal.

He began teaching history, geography and physics, and only later moved to mathematics.

In time he became Chair at the Colégio Pedro II, at the Instituto de Educação, at the teacher's school of the Universidade do Brasil (which would become the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and at the National School of Education, where he got the title of Professor Emeritus.

Besides his classes at the teacher's school, he delivered over 2000 lectures on the teaching of mathematics and wrote many books on the subject. In all his works Júlio defended the use of games as teaching aids, and the replacement of chalk-and-blackboard lectures by "mathematics laboratories" where students could engage in creative activities, self-study, and object manipulation — a proposal that was seen as heretical at the time.

In the Brazilian 0-to-10 grading system, Júlio would never give a zero grade. "Why give a zero, when there are so many numbers to choose from?" he used to say. He would give the brightest students the task of teaching the weaker ones: "by the end of the first semester, they would all be above the pass line." he claimed.

While his methods and style charmed all his students, he had the opposition of many of his colleagues, who found his approach of connecting mathematics to everyday life as demeaning.

Julio César also spread his message through radio programmes of several stations in Rio de Janeiro, including the Rádio Nacional, Radio Clube, and Rádio Mayrink Veiga, as well as in television, at the TV Tupi of Rio and the TV Cultura of São Paulo.

Júlio César's last public lecture was delivered in Recife, at the age of 79, to an audience of future teachers. It was about the art of storytelling. Back to his hotel room he apparently suffered a heart attack and expired.

He had left instructions for his funeral. He did not want people to wear black: quoting a song by Noel Rosa, he explained that "Black clothes are vanities/of those who enjoy fancy dress;/I only wish for your memories/and memories are colorless".

Other activities
Júlio was an energetic campaigner for the cause of the Hanseniacs (lepers), who had historically been banned and confined in leper colonies. For over 10 years he edited the magazine Damião, which preached the end of the prejudice and re-incorporation of former inmates into the society. In his testament, he left a message to the Hanseniacs, to be read at his funeral.

Books

 * Aventuras do Rei Baribê, "Adventures of King Baribê"
 * A Caixa do Futuro, "The Box of the Future."
 * Céu de Alá, "Allah's Heaven"
 * ''A Sombra do Arco-Íris, "The Rainbow's Shadow" (the author's favorite)
 * O Homem que Calculava, "The Man Who Counted", 224p. (1938)
 * Lendas do Céu e da Terra, "Legends of Heaven and Earth"
 * Lendas do Deserto, "Legends of the Desert"
 * Lendas do Oásis, "Legends of the Oasis"
 * Lendas do Povo de Deus, "Legends of God's People"
 * Maktub!, "It is Written!"
 * Matemática Divertida e Curiosa, "Enjoyable and Curious Mathematics", 158p., ISBN 85-01-03375-8.
 * Os Melhores Contos, "The Best Tales"
 * Meu Anel de Sete Pedras, "My Ring of Seven Stones"
 * Mil Histórias Sem Fim, "A Thousand Unending Tales" (2 volumes)
 * Minha Vida Querida, "My Dear Life"
 * Novas Lendas Orientais, "New Oriental Legends"
 * Salim, o Mágico, "Salim, the Magician"
 * Acordaram-me de Madrugada, "They Woke Me Up In the Middle of the Night" (memoirs).

title: Júlio César de Mello e Souza


text:
Category:Air Canada

This category includes articles about ACE Aviation Holdings, Air Canada, and their subsidiaries.

title: Category:Air Canada


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vfd

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Not a VFD discussion. This is just the article that is reached when one follows the discussion-page link in Template:Vfd itself. This is not a discussion of the deletion of that template. Templates are deleted at Templates for deletion. Uncle G 01:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Template:Vfd

 * Merge: Merge this with Category:Votes for deletion. MLSfreak777 11:17 13, July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: We already have a Category for this, we do not need a template. egz4brkfst4556
 * Keep. Of course we need a template. This is the template used to list votes for deletion. Le sigh. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 00:44, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vfd


text:
Talk:Radiological information system

Page move due morpholical rules (radiology>radiological)
Morphology (linguistics) tells us that "radiology" should become "radiological" when used as an adjective. Therefore, the title of this article should be "Radiological Information System". Many sources point to "radiology information system", however, I think most linguists and dictionaries would agree (including Merriam Webster), that the adjectival form of "radiology" is indeed "radiological". Because "information system" is the Head (linguistics of the Noun phrase, the adjectival form of "radiology" should be used. A good analogy would be "Clinical Information System" rather than "Clinic Information System". Many sources demonstrate this: http://www.acronymattic.com/Radiological-Information-System-%28RIS%29.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19916305 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3824932/ http://www.cinc.org/archives/2003/pdf/363.pdf https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/radiological. Agentxp22 (talk) 12:06, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

This
This page should be moved to "Radiology Information System"

I agree - How is it done?

 * No, it shouldn't have been done. It's not a proper noun.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:26, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

 * It should, and precisely because it *is* a proper noun. More accurately, through its usage, it has become a name for a specific entity. This makes it a proper noun, because it is specific to a unique entity. Agentxp22 (talk) 10:50, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

external link
Our website http://www.kestral.com is a provider of radiology information systems and provides a wealth of information on the features of such a system. Can you please consider adding a link to our site. Please note: we are in the process of upgrading our website so the content and look will look greatly enhanced in weeks to come. Many thanks. Liana (Marketing coordinator lianaa@kestral.com.au)--61.95.1.98 04:39, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Links to products are considered spam and should not be part of an article in Wikipedia, see Spam--Kr-val (talk) 08:45, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Radiological information system


text:
1458 (number)

1458 is the integer after 1457 and before 1459.

The maximum determinant of an 11 by 11 matrix of zeroes and ones is 1458.

1458 is one of three numbers which, when its base 10 digits are added together, produces a sum which, when multiplied by its reversed self, yields the original number:

 * 1 + 4 + 5 + 8 = 18
 * 18 × 81 = 1458

The only other non-trivial numbers with this property are 81 and 1729, as well as the trivial solutions 1 and 0. It was proven by Masahiko Fujiwara.

title: 1458 (number)


text:
Alphonse-Marie Bérenger

Alphonse-Marie–Marcellin–Thomas Bérenger (31 May 1785 – 1 May 1866), known as Thomas Bérenger or Berenger de la Drôme, was a French lawyer and politician. He was the son of a deputy of the third estate of Dauphiné to the Constituent Assembly.

Life
He was born in Valence. He entered the magistracy and became procureur général at Grenoble, but resigned this office on the Bourbon Restoration. He then devoted himself mainly to the study of criminal law, and in 1818 published La justice criminelle en France, in which with great courage he attacked the special tribunals, provosts' courts or military commissions which were the main instruments of the Reaction, and advocated a return to the old common law and trial by jury. The book had a considerable effect in discrediting the reactionary policy of the government; but it was not until 1828, when Bérenger was elected to the chamber, that he had an opportunity of exercising a personal influence on affairs as a member of the group known as that of constitutional opposition.

His courage, as well as his moderation, was again displayed during the revolution of 1830, when, as president of the parliamentary commission for the trial of the ministers of Charles X, he braved the fury of the mob and secured a sentence of imprisonment in place of the death penalty for which they clamoured.

His position in the chamber became one of much influence, and he had a large share in the modelling of the new constitution, though his effort to secure a hereditary peerage failed. Above all he was instrumental in framing the new criminal code, based on more humanitarian principles, which was issued in 1835. It was due to him that, in 1832, the right, so important in actual French practice, was given to juries to find "extenuating circumstances" in cases when guilt involved the death penalty. In 1831 he had been made a member of the court of appeal (cour de cassation), and the same year was nominated a member of the Academy of Political and Moral Sciences (Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques).

He was raised to the peerage in 1839. This status he lost owing to the revolution of 1848 which ended his career as a politician. As a judge, however, his activity continued. He was president of the high courts of Bourges and Versailles in 1849. Having been appointed president of one of the chambers of the court of appeal, he devoted himself entirely to judicial work until his retirement, under the age limit, on 31 May 1860.

He now withdrew to his native town, and occupied himself with his favorite work of reform of criminal law. In 1833, he had shared in the foundation of a society for the reclamation of young criminals, in which he continued to be actively interested to the end. In 1851 and 1852, on the commission of the academy of moral sciences, he had travelled in France and England for the purpose of examining and comparing the penal systems in the two countries. The result was published in 1855 under the title La Répression pénale, comparaison du système pénitentiaire en France et en Angleterre.

His son, René Bérenger, continued the work of his father.

Honours

 * 1833: Officer of the Order of Leopold.

title: Alphonse-Marie Bérenger


text:
Otto L. Nelson Jr.

Otto Lauren Nelson Jr. (November 2, 1902 – June 25, 1985) was an officer in the United States Army.

Biography

Otto L. Nelson was born in Omaha, Nebraska on November 2, 1902, the child of Swedish immigrants. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1924 and was commissioned in the Infantry branch.

In 1932 he took a Master of Arts from Columbia University. He graduated from the Command and General Staff School in 1938 and took a Ph.D. degree from Harvard in 1939.

He was a history and economics instructor at West Point from 1929 to 1935, and from 1938 to 1941.

Nelson was a member of the Army General Staff during World War II. He participated in the reorganizations of the Army command structure at the beginning of World War II and at the end of the war. Nelson documented those reorganizations and the history of the Army General Staff in National Security and the General Staff (Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press, 1946).

Nelson served as a major general from November 13, 1944 to May 31, 1946.

Following his army service, Nelson was an executive with New York Life Insurance Company.

In later life, he resided in Alexandria, Virginia. He died in New Rochelle, New York on June 25, 1985, where he had been competing in a golf tournament. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

title: Otto L. Nelson Jr.


text: Template:Sister project links

title: Template:Sister project links


text:
Ballarat Base Hospital

The Ballarat Base Hospital is a hospital located in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. It is a public hospital operated by Ballarat Health Services. Ballarat Health Services employs approximately 4000 staff at the Base Hospital, the Queen Elizabeth Centre 1 km to the south-west, and 13 off-site facilities in the surrounding area.

History
During the gold rush of the 1850s, the Government Camp provided medical support mainly for officers and not for miners and the general community. However, the wounded individuals at the Eureka Stockade in 1854 received varying levels of attention, which highlighted the need for a dedicated hospital. As a result, the construction of a hospital began a year later.

In 1994, the five-story Henry Bolte wing, designed by architects Bates Smart, was completed.

Three years later, in 1997, the Ballarat Base Hospital merged with the Queen Elizabeth Centre and the Grampians Psychiatric Service to form Ballarat Health Services.

Notable staff
Jessie Margaret Langham ARRA OBE was matron from 1947 to 1967.

Specialties

 * Cardiology
 * Emergency medicine
 * Gastroenterology
 * Infectious disease medicine
 * Lower gastrointestinal surgery
 * Nephrology
 * Otorhinolaryngology
 * Upper gastrointestinal surgery
 * Vascular surgery
 * Oncology
 * Pediatrics
 * Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

title: Ballarat Base Hospital


text: File:Taliesyn.jpg

title: File:Taliesyn.jpg


text:
User talk:White Knight~enwiki

Ali Sina
I've again reverted the anon contributions that Golbez previously reverted. If you wish to re-add some of the textual contributions (subject to editing and NPOV by other editors), feel free. However, I will consider any modification of the URLs (our anon friend routed all of them through another server that screws up the destination page and, I would assume, does some sort of tracking) to be simple vandalism and will revert on sight. --MikeJ9919 15:15, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

3RR
Hey...I just wanted to warn you about the 3RR as a seemingly relatively new user. You've run up against the 24 hour three-revert wall on Ali Sina, and any more reverts to the article would entitle an admin to block you temporarily. This is not a threat, just a warning, as I wasn't sure that you were familiar with the policy.--MikeJ9919 21:01, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called White Knight. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name White Knight~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:37, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:28, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:White Knight~enwiki


text:
State Great Khural

The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.

History
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren became the chairman of the State Great Khural in February 1914, and served until his death in April 1919.
 * 1914–1919

The first Ulsyn Ikh Khural was called to session in November 1924. This body was the legislature of the Mongolian People's Republic. It delegated much of its powers to an executive committee, the Ulsyn Baga Khural (Little Khural). The Great Khural held nine sessions between November 1924 and February 1949. Following electoral reforms in 1951, the numbering of its sessions began again. The first was held in July 1951 and the third in July 1957.
 * 1924–1960

In 1960 a new constitution was adopted and the body was renamed the "People's Great Khural" (Ардын Их Хурал, Ardyn Ikh Khural), but the sessions were not renumbered. The fourth took place in July 1960 and the last in September 1992. In Russian and Mongolian historiography, the term "People's Great Khural" is frequently extended back to refer to the 1924–60 Khural to distinguish it from the post-1992 State Great Khural.
 * 1960–1992

The first free, democratic and multi-party election in Mongolia was held in 1990. Then the newly elected parliament changed the Constitution, established the State Baga Khural which replaced the People's Great Khural as the highest legislative body. This elected the first chairman, Radnaasümbereliyn Gonchigdorj, and the first Chairman of the Secretariat, Byaraa Chimed.

The State Baga Khural had 5 standing committees. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (33), The Mongolian Democratic Party (13), The Mongolian Social Democratic Party (4), The Mongolian National Progressive Party (3) won seats in the parliament. The State Baga Khural adopted 27 new laws, ratified 17 international treaties and conventions as well as made amendments to 19 laws.

The State Great Khural had 10 standing committees (reduced to 6 in 1995). The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (70), The Democratic Union Coalition of the Mongolian Democratic Party, The Mongolian National Progressive Party and the Green Party (4), The Mongolian Social Democratic Party (1) and one independent politician won seats. The elected chairman was Natsag Bagabandi, and the Chairman of the Secretariat was Namsrai Rechnindorj. The State Great Khural adopted 137 laws, made amendments to 142 laws, and repealed 46 laws. The parliament also ratified 40 international treaties and conventions during its term.
 * 1992–1996

The State Great Khural had 5 standing committees in 1996–1997. This increased to 7 standing committees in 1997–2000. The Democratic Union Coalition (50), The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (25), The Mongolian Conservative United Party (1) won seats in the parliament. The elected chairman was Radnaasümbereliyn Gonchigdorj (for the second time), and the Chairman of the Secretariat was Log Tsog until 1999. The next Chairman of the Secretariat was Baasanganobo Enebish. The State Great Khural adopted 173 new laws, made amendments to 255 laws and repealed 32 laws. The parliament also ratified 71 international treaties and conventions.
 * 1996–2000

The State Great Khural had 7 standing committees. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (72), The Democratic Union Coalition (1), The Civil Will Party – The Mongolian Green Party (1), The Motherland – The Mongolian Democratic New Socialist Party (1), one independent won a seat in the parliament. The elected chairman was Lhamsürem Enebish till 2001, and the Chairman of the Secretariat was Baasanganobo Enebish till 2001. The next chairman was Sanjbegz Tömör-Ochir, and the next Chairman of the Secretariat was Dagdankhuu Batbaatar until 2003. The third and final Chairman of the Secretariat during this term was Namsraijav Luvsanjav. The State Great Khural adopted 140 new laws, made amendments to 443 laws, and repealed 51 laws. The parliament also ratified 110 international treaties and conventions.
 * 2000–2004

The State Great Khural had 11 standing committees as well as 8 subcommittees in 2004–2006. The number of standing committees was reduced to 7 in 2006. The seven political parties and a coalition of three parties participated in the election. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (37), the Motherland and Democracy Union (35), The Republican Party (1) and 3 independents won seats in the parliament. The elected chairman was Nambar Enkhbayar until 2005, and the Chairman of the Secretariat continued to be Namsraijav Luvsanjav. The next chairman was Tsendiin Nyamdorj until 2007. The third and final chairman during this term was Danzangiin Lundeejantsan. The State Great Khural adopted 89 new laws, made amendments to 336 laws. The parliament also ratified 38 international treaties and conventions as well as repealed 50 laws.
 * 2004–2008

The State Great Khural had 7 standing committees and 11 subcommittees. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (46), The Democratic Party (27), The Civil Will Party (1) 8 The Green Party (1) and 1 independent won the seats in the parliament. For 5 months (May to September, 2008), Danzan Sandang-Ochir was the Chairman of the Secretariat. The elected chairman was Damdiny Demberel, and the second Chairman of the Secretariat was Tserenkhuu Sharavdorj. The State Great Khural adopted 111 new laws and made amendments to 485 laws. The parliament also ratified 59 international treaties and conventions as well as repealed 70 laws.
 * 2008–2012

The State Great Khural had 8 standing committees and 10 subcommittees. The Democratic Party (34), The Mongolian People's Party (26), The Justice Coalition of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party – The Mongolian National Democratic Party (11), The Civil Will Party – The Green Party (2), and 3 independents won seats in the parliament. For the first time, the legislative election was held on the mixed election system by the new law. 48 seats were elected directly from 26 constituencies and 28 seats were proportionally allocated based on the number votes which the political parties won. The elected chairman was Zandaakhuu Enkhbold, and the Chairman of the Secretariat was Byambadorj Boldbaatar. For the first time in Mongolia, electronic voting machines were used for voter registration, vote counting and monitoring purposes.
 * 2012–2016

The Mongolian People's Party (65), The Democratic Party (9), The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1), and 1 independent won seats in the parliament.
 * 2016–2020

Structure

The State Great Khural is unicameral, and consists of 76 members. With mandate of no less than 57 of total members of the State Great Khural, the parliament shall be considered in existence of its powers. A member of the State Great Hural shall be an envoy of the people and shall represent and uphold the interests of all the citizens and the people. The mandate of a member of the State Great Khural shall begin with an oath taken before the State Emblem and expire when newly elected members of the State Great Khural are sworn in.

Chairman
The Chairman is the presiding officer of the State Great Khural.

Vice-Chairman
The vice-chairman is elected by each caucus formed by the result of an election. They serve a four-year term, but may be relieved or removed of the position, on grounds defined by law, before their term expiration.

Chairman's Council
The Chairman's Council consists of the vice-chairman of the State Great Khural, Chairmen of the caucuses, leaders of parliamentary parties, and Chairmen of standing/temporary committees.

Functions
The State Great Khural has both legislative and oversight power in Mongolia.

Its legislative functions are mainly preparing and carrying out plenary sessions or standing committee sittings, discussing drafts of laws or other decisions of the State Great Khural and adopting, passing and the resolving processes. The State Great Khural implements its oversight powers by:
 * Hearing reports, presentations and briefings from the Cabinet and other organizations directly accountable to the State Great Khural
 * Enquiring the Prime Minister, cabinet members and executives of other organizations directly accountable to the State Great Khural, demanding responses of said enquiries, and generating debate of the responses in its sessions
 * Assessing implementation of laws and other resolutions of the State Great Khural at the cabinet and other organizations that directly accountable to the State Great Khural and generate debates at the Standing Committee sittings or if necessary at the plenary sessions
 * Delivering verdict on professional or ethical offences committed by the Prime Minister, cabinet members and those who have been appointed by the State Great Khural or executives and members of other organizations directly accountable to the State Great Khural

Elections
Elections are held every four years to elect all members of the State Great Khural. Before 2023 the election used plurality-at-large voting in all 26 multi-member constituencies to elect 76 members. On May 31, 2023, Mongolia’s parliament approved a constitutional amendment that increased the number of seats from 76 to 126. The method of election was also changed to parallel voting with 78 seats elected by multiple non-transferable vote in 13 multi-member constituencies and 48 by closed list proportional representation at the national level with an electoral threshold of 4% for individual parties, 5% for a two-party coalition and 7% for coalitions of three or more parties. To qualify for proportional seats, parties and coalitions must also have candidates running in at least half of the seats in each constituency. Party lists must adhere to the zipper system, while the overall gender ratio of candidates for a party must not be greater than 70:30 or less than 30:70. A voter turnout of 50% is required for the result in a constituency to be considered valid, or another round of voting must be held for that constituency.

To vote, a Mongolian citizen must be 18 years or older, and live in Mongolia. Any person over 25 is eligible to be elected. New elections are held if the Khural is dissolved, if two-thirds of members vote for dissolution, if the President dissolves the Khural, or if the President or half the Cabinet resigns.

Sessions
The main organizational form of the State Great Khural is the session. According to the Article 27 of the Constitution, regular sessions of the State Great Khural convene in every six months for not less than 50 working days. Session consists of plenary sessions, exclusive or joint Standing Committee sittings and caucus meetings. The four types of sessions are:
 * Inauguration session - Convenes, by the President's convocation, within 30 days after the election.
 * Regular session - Autumn session commences on 1 October, and the spring session commences on 5 April each year.
 * Extra ordinary session - Convenes at the demand of greater than one third of the members of the State Great Khural, or on the initiative of either the President or the Chairman of the State Great Khural.
 * Emergency session - Convenes within 72 hours of the President's proclamation of state of emergency or war.

Committees
The State Great Khural shall have standing committees dealing with specific fields of public policy. The Standing committees are composed of 10-19 members and shall be convened on Tuesday and Wednesday each week. The subcommittee is affiliated with and deals with specific issues within the standing committee. The State Great Khural shall set up temporary committees for reviewing specific issues, making proposals and submitting reports to the plenary sessions.

Party caucuses
A party/coalition with 8 or more seats must establish a party caucus. Independents and members of several parties may choose to join a caucus, but may not establish their own. Each caucus must elect a leader, which is then reported to the chairman. The decision to establish a caucus, along with its membership roster, must be submitted within 24 hours of the Chairman's election. The Chairman will then announce these decisions at the plenary session of the State Great Hural.

Stage 1
The party caucuses or standing committees shall make draft legislation and decide whether to submit it for discussion at the plenary sessions of the State Great Khural. The State Great Khural will then decide whether to discuss the draft legislation. If they decide to discuss it, it shall send the drafts to standing committees to prepare for the first discussion. If they decide not to discuss legislation drafts, then it shall be sent back to its initiators.

Stage 2
The standing committee shall prepare a legislation draft for the first discussion and shall submit its proposal and conclusion to the State Great Khural. At this stage, party groups are allowed to make comments about the draft. Opinions and proposals of all parties shall be included in the standing committee conclusions. After the voting at the plenary session, drafts shall be sent back to the standing committees for the preparation of the final discussion.

Stage 3
The standing committees shall include conclusions from the first discussion to the original draft and shall make presentations about the first discussion. They shall also make the introduction of a draft to the State Great Khural. At this stage, the standing committees are allowed to request a re-voting regarding the draft. The draft shall be discussed, voted and fully adopted by the State Great Hural. If the draft is not fully adopted, it shall be sent back to the law initiators.

The standing committees shall prepare the final versions of the legislation drafts and other resolutions of the State Great Khural. The standing committees shall make the introduction of the final versions of the legislation and other resolutions to the State Great Khural. After the introduction of the final versions of the legislations and other resolutions at the State Great Khural, the Chairman of the State Great Hural shall sign the final versions within three working days. The signed legislations and other resolutions of the State Great shall be submitted to the President of Mongolia within 24 hours. If the president vetoes the legislations, the issue shall be discussed again at the State Great Khural. The legislation shall be considered valid after the publication of the legislations in the 'State Information' bulletin.

title: State Great Khural