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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alaskan Fire Dragon (sex move)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 00:52, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Alaskan Fire Dragon (sex move)
Prank or non-notable neologism. No relevant hits for "Alaskan Fire Dragon" "icy hot", and the small number of hits for just "Alaskan Fire Dragon" (48 displayed, some of which are other uses, such as user IDs) have a couple different definitions. Niteowlneils 20:24, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I have heard of this practice and wonder at the significance of a lack of relevant hits on search engines. The dubious definitions found on Google are most notable for being ridiculous and impossible; it seems likely the stub is valid even if it's not well known.
 * Only edits by User:209.30.24.240.
 * Delete, unverifiable. Dcarrano 03:06, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, Not verifiable on Google, but I've heard of it. The article is informative and correct. July 17, 2005
 * Only edit by User:68.62.145.119.
 * Delete: Vandalism/prank/hoax. Anonymous Cowards should stop writing comments.  Go enjoy some coitus and stock up on the Icy Hot, but let this go.  Unverified, slang, ideolect. Geogre 03:48, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as a hoax. -- BD2412 talk 03:56, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Severe verifiability problems with this one. After all, anything to do with sex tends to get quite a lot of Google hits and a sexual practice that is not well known may also not be notable, apparent popularity with sock puppets notwithstanding. Capitalistroadster 03:58, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable and likely hoax.  Sock-puppet tested, anonymous coward approved.  Postdlf 10:26, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Postdlf Lomedae 12:11, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 12:14, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not to be confused with the far sexier Fuolornis Fire Dragon -- the wub  "?/!"  14:35, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 03:37, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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RBG (disambiguation)

RBG may refer to:

People

 * Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933–2020), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
 * RBG (film), a 2018 American documentary film about Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Transport

 * ICAO designator for Air Arabia Egypt, an Egyptian airline
 * IATA identifier code for Roseburg Regional Airport, Oregon, United States
 * Regental Bahnbetriebs-GmbH, German railway company

Technology

 * Random blood glucose, a test for blood sugar
 * Random bit generator or random number generator, a term used in computer science
 * Rubber band gun, a toy gun used to fire one or more rubber bands

Other

 * RBG Resources, a British public-limited firm based in London
 * RBG: Revolutionary but Gangsta, a 2004 hip-hop album by duo Dead Prez
 * Red Barn Gallery, a photography gallery in Belfast, Northern Ireland
 * Red, Black and Green, the traditional African colors created by the UNIA
 * Rhema Media, a New Zealand Christian media organization previously known as Rhema Broadcasting Group
 * Royal Borough of Greenwich, a local authority district in southeast London, United Kingdom
 * Royal Botanical Gardens (disambiguation), several Royal Botanic Gardens or Royal Botanical Gardens

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: RBG (disambiguation)


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Dan Kolov

Doncho Kolev Danev (Дончо Колев Данев) (26 December 1892 – 27 March 1940), better known by the ring name Dan Kolov (Дан Колов), was a Bulgarian professional wrestler born in Sennik, Bulgaria who was the first European freestyle wrestling champion from Bulgaria.

He also won the European gold in 1936 in the championship in Paris, which was the second distinction for Bulgaria after the world title of Nikola Petrov (Greco-Roman wrestling) from 1900.

He was inducted in the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 2020.

Early years
Doncho Kolev Danev was born on 27 December 1892 in the village of Sennik, Sevlievo municipality. He was seven years old when his father died. This tragic event forced him to become a shepherd in order to survive. He left Bulgaria in 1905 and went to then Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1909, he met with another Bulgarian wrestler, Nikola Petrov, who convinced him to emigrate to the United States.

Professional wrestling and martial arts career
Kolov left Bulgaria and moved to the United States at the age of 13. He worked various jobs until he found work as a railroad construction worker. He impressed people with his physical power and became famous for his ability to twist metal rails around his neck. He even fought a bear while hunting. Legend has it that he fought the beast for an hour with his bare hands until he got a chance to kill the animal with his rifle later. Apparently, witnesses saw the marks of Kolov's hands on the neck of the bear. He was subsequently hired as a wrestler with "Victoria Circus".

Before being discovered and trained to be a professional wrestler by Zbyszko Cyganiewicz, Kolov was self-taught. Kolov was the first wrestler who captured professional world heavyweight wrestling championship's "Diamond Belt" twice. His most famous victories are: in New York vs. Rudy Dusek (1919), in Tokyo vs. Jiki Higen "The Strangler" (1921) and in Paris vs. Henri Deglane (1933). He was also three times European Heavyweight Champion (1934, 1937, 1937). In 1937, Kolov defeated then European Heavyweight Champion, American Al Pereira, only for Pereira to win the title back and for Kolov to reclaim it, before losing it in turn to Joe Savoldi.

He started his career as a wrestler by taking part in the organised wrestling matches between the workers. He later won the tournament in the circus "Victoria" in 1914, when the director of the circus invited people from the public to compete and check their physical power with the star Jeff Lawrence "The Cyclope". Kolov accepted the challenge and he succeeded in overpowering the 233 pound wrestler. He won against many famous wrestlers from that time such as Jeff Lawrence, Stanislaus Zbyszko, Jack Shirey (also called "The Lightning Man"), Rudy Dusek, Jo Stecker, Ed "Strangler" Lewis and Jim Browning.

Wins
Kolov had over 170 fights. His wins include:
 * 2 times Diamond Belt World Heavyweight Champion (1927, 1933)
 * 3 times European Heavyweight Champion (1934, 1937, 1937/1938)
 * 1 time tournament winner in Japan (1924)
 * 1 time tournament winner in Brazil (1927)
 * multiple winner of tournaments in the United States (1914/1927)

Losses
Kolov has 3 registered losses in official matches.

Return to Bulgaria
After 30 years in a foreign country, he came back to Bulgaria and was greeted as a national hero. Throughout his whole career, he was asked many times to change his citizenship to American. He refused it with the words: "Dan Kolov is Bulgarian". Kolov remained proud Bulgarian until his death and was famous for his words: "I feel strong, because I am Bulgarian". For him, his motherland was the most holy and sacred thing. He is remembered for helping many Bulgarian people in the country and abroad. He gave all of his money to charities. The first Bulgarian airplane for the National Bulgarian Post was donated by him.

Having returned home, he spent most of his time establishing wrestling clubs by training young people, but continued to compete professionally until the last years of his life. He also arranged many wrestling matches in Sofia and donated all the profits. He is also famous with another saying, upon his return to Bulgaria, he was asked if he wanted someone to take him home by carriage, to which he replied: "I left home walking, I will go home walking!".

The new communist government, after 9 September 1944, awarded him with the high accolade "Honoured Master of Sport" posthumously.

In 1962, the Bulgarian Wrestling Federation organised an international freestyle wrestling tournament named after him to commemorate his memory.

In 1999, it was produced the movie about his life Dan Koloff - The King of Wrestling.

Death
Kolov died in Bulgaria on 27 March 1940 from tuberculosis. His coffin was carried by officers of the Ninth Artillery Corps from the town of Sevlievo also escorted by an honorary company of cavalry. He was buried with the specific request of facing the Balkan ("Balkan against Balkan").

Each year, in the town of Sevlievo is held in freestyle wrestling tournament in memory of Kolov.

Rumors around his death
One of the versions for his condition is that he did not get infected naturally, but that he was purposely infected by French doctors. It is known that there were a lot of attempts to get Kolov disgraced and disqualified from tournaments.

Championship and accomplishments

 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Wrestling Observer Hall of Fame (class of 2020)
 * Other promotions
 * Diamond Belt World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * European Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * Tournament in Brazil (1927)
 * Tournament in Japan (1924)
 * Tournaments in the United States (1914/1927)

title: Dan Kolov


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maxwell Ward

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge & redirect

Maxwell Ward
As with Orlaith McAllister he doesn't have any existence / reason to be here outside BB(UK) series 6 and that is where information about him should remain. Delete as non notable. --Vamp:Willow 20:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Big Brother UK series 6. The JPS 20:48, 16 July 2005 (UTC) Merge and Redirect to  Big Brother UK series 6 until more can be written about him than "he is a contestant." Keeping until the end of the series is pointless without encyclopaedic content. The JPS 10:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep until the end of the series then Merge. Are we going to have a vote for delition for EVERY BB6 housemate? He's certainly a notable person in the United Kingdom, if you asked anybody in the street who he was then they'd almost certainly know (even those who don't watch Big Brother), it's not like he's invisible or unknown even if there isn't a lot to write about him- if this was the case in America then there's no doubt that this article would be kept. However, when Big Brother finishes and he drifts out of the public eye, it'll be the right time to merge him in with the Big Brother article- this has also been the standard way of doing things for other BB(UK) series.--195.92.168.166 23:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as before. If someone can find more to write about him than his antics in BB6 then all is well but as it stands (other than his DOB and football team), there is no information there. It isn't even like it's well written. --Celestianpower talk 11:40, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect all of them except Derek Laud who was a known political figure before becoming a contestant and I imagine will be again afterwards. There is nothing notable about any of the rest. Mrsteviec 11:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, or at least merge and redirect. He is not particularly notable, and I found the article to be less than encyclopædic. IINAG
 * QUOTE: 'ask anyone in the street who he was then they'd almost certainly know (even those who don't watch Big Brother),' No that's the biggest load of rubbish ever. I've forgotten who he is already, and I've watched the show from the beginning. Redirect
 * Keep - He is known all over the UK!!

There was already a discussion taking place on Talk:Big Brother UK series 6 concerning merging all of these articles. Since there was no objection there, and since the consensus on VFD seems to be redirect, I have been bold and merged and redirected all of the individual contestant articles (except Derek Laud). —Stormie 21:40, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Data structure alignment

Data structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory. It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure padding, and packing.

The CPU in modern computer hardware performs reads and writes to memory most efficiently when the data is naturally aligned, which generally means that the data's memory address is a multiple of the data size. For instance, in a 32-bit architecture, the data may be aligned if the data is stored in four consecutive bytes and the first byte lies on a 4-byte boundary.

Data alignment is the aligning of elements according to their natural alignment. To ensure natural alignment, it may be necessary to insert some padding between structure elements or after the last element of a structure. For example, on a 32-bit machine, a data structure containing a 16-bit value followed by a 32-bit value could have 16 bits of padding between the 16-bit value and the 32-bit value to align the 32-bit value on a 32-bit boundary. Alternatively, one can pack the structure, omitting the padding, which may lead to slower access, but uses three quarters as much memory.

Although data structure alignment is a fundamental issue for all modern computers, many computer languages and computer language implementations handle data alignment automatically. Fortran, Ada, PL/I, Pascal, certain C and C++ implementations, D, Rust, C#, and assembly language allow at least partial control of data structure padding, which may be useful in certain special circumstances.

Definitions
A memory address a is said to be n-byte aligned when a is a multiple of n (where n is a power of 2). In this context, a byte is the smallest unit of memory access, i.e. each memory address specifies a different byte. An n-byte aligned address would have a minimum of $log_{2}(n)$ least-significant zeros when expressed in binary.

The alternate wording b-bit aligned designates a b/8 byte aligned address (ex. 64-bit aligned is 8 bytes aligned).

A memory access is said to be aligned when the data being accessed is n bytes long and the datum address is n-byte aligned. When a memory access is not aligned, it is said to be misaligned. Note that by definition byte memory accesses are always aligned.

A memory pointer that refers to primitive data that is n bytes long is said to be aligned if it is only allowed to contain addresses that are n-byte aligned, otherwise it is said to be unaligned. A memory pointer that refers to a data aggregate (a data structure or array) is aligned if (and only if) each primitive datum in the aggregate is aligned.

Note that the definitions above assume that each primitive datum is a power of two bytes long. When this is not the case (as with 80-bit floating-point on x86) the context influences the conditions where the datum is considered aligned or not.

Data structures can be stored in memory on the stack with a static size known as bounded or on the heap with a dynamic size known as unbounded.

Problems
The CPU accesses memory by a single memory word at a time. As long as the memory word size is at least as large as the largest primitive data type supported by the computer, aligned accesses will always access a single memory word. This may not be true for misaligned data accesses.

If the highest and lowest bytes in a datum are not within the same memory word the computer must split the datum access into multiple memory accesses. This requires a lot of complex circuitry to generate the memory accesses and coordinate them. To handle the case where the memory words are in different memory pages the processor must either verify that both pages are present before executing the instruction or be able to handle a TLB miss or a page fault on any memory access during the instruction execution.

Some processor designs deliberately avoid introducing such complexity, and instead yield alternative behavior in the event of a misaligned memory access. For example, implementations of the ARM architecture prior to the ARMv6 ISA require mandatory aligned memory access for all multi-byte load and store instructions. Depending on which specific instruction was issued, the result of attempted misaligned access might be to round down the least significant bits of the offending address turning it into an aligned access (sometimes with additional caveats), or to throw an MMU exception (if MMU hardware is present), or to silently yield other potentially unpredictable results. The ARMv6 and later architectures support unaligned access in many circumstances, but not necessarily all.

When a single memory word is accessed the operation is atomic, i.e. the whole memory word is read or written at once and other devices must wait until the read or write operation completes before they can access it. This may not be true for unaligned accesses to multiple memory words, e.g. the first word might be read by one device, both words written by another device and then the second word read by the first device so that the value read is neither the original value nor the updated value. Although such failures are rare, they can be very difficult to identify.

Data structure padding
Although the compiler (or interpreter) normally allocates individual data items on aligned boundaries, data structures often have members with different alignment requirements. To maintain proper alignment the translator normally inserts additional unnamed data members so that each member is properly aligned. In addition, the data structure as a whole may be padded with a final unnamed member. This allows each member of an array of structures to be properly aligned.

Padding is only inserted when a structure member is followed by a member with a larger alignment requirement or at the end of the structure. By changing the ordering of members in a structure, it is possible to change the amount of padding required to maintain alignment. For example, if members are sorted by descending alignment requirements a minimal amount of padding is required. The minimal amount of padding required is always less than the largest alignment in the structure. Computing the maximum amount of padding required is more complicated, but is always less than the sum of the alignment requirements for all members minus twice the sum of the alignment requirements for the least aligned half of the structure members.

Although C and C++ do not allow the compiler to reorder structure members to save space, other languages might. It is also possible to tell most C and C++ compilers to "pack" the members of a structure to a certain level of alignment, e.g. "pack(2)" means align data members larger than a byte to a two-byte boundary so that any padding members are at most one byte long. Likewise, in PL/I a structure may be declared  to eliminate all padding except around bit strings.

One use for such "packed" structures is to conserve memory. For example, a structure containing a single byte (such as a char) and a four-byte integer (such as uint32_t) would require three additional bytes of padding. A large array of such structures would use 37.5% less memory if they are packed, although accessing each structure might take longer. This compromise may be considered a form of space–time tradeoff.

Although use of "packed" structures is most frequently used to conserve memory space, it may also be used to format a data structure for transmission using a standard protocol. However, in this usage, care must also be taken to ensure that the values of the struct members are stored with the endianness required by the protocol (often network byte order), which may be different from the endianness used natively by the host machine.

Computing padding
The following formulas provide the number of padding bytes required to align the start of a data structure (where mod is the modulo operator): padding = (align - (offset mod align)) mod align aligned = offset + padding = offset + ((align - (offset mod align)) mod align)

For example, the padding to add to offset 0x59d for a 4-byte aligned structure is 3. The structure will then start at 0x5a0, which is a multiple of 4. However, when the alignment of offset is already equal to that of align, the second modulo in (align - (offset mod align)) mod align will return zero, therefore the original value is left unchanged.

Since the alignment is by definition a power of two, the modulo operation can be reduced to a bitwise boolean AND operation.

The following formulas produce the correct values (where & is a bitwise AND and ~ a bitwise NOT) -- providing the offset is unsigned or the system uses two's complement arithmetic: padding = (align - (offset & (align - 1))) & (align - 1) = -offset & (align - 1) aligned = (offset + (align - 1)) & ~(align - 1) = (offset + (align - 1)) & -align

Typical alignment of C structs on x86
Data structure members are stored sequentially in memory so that, in the structure below, the member Data1 will always precede Data2; and Data2 will always precede Data3:

If the type "short" is stored in two bytes of memory then each member of the data structure depicted above would be 2-byte aligned. Data1 would be at offset 0, Data2 at offset 2, and Data3 at offset 4. The size of this structure would be 6 bytes.

The type of each member of the structure usually has a default alignment, meaning that it will, unless otherwise requested by the programmer, be aligned on a pre-determined boundary. The following typical alignments are valid for compilers from Microsoft (Visual C++), Borland/CodeGear (C++Builder), Digital Mars (DMC), and GNU (GCC) when compiling for 32-bit x86:

 * A char (one byte) will be 1-byte aligned.
 * A short (two bytes) will be 2-byte aligned.
 * An int (four bytes) will be 4-byte aligned.
 * A long (four bytes) will be 4-byte aligned.
 * A float (four bytes) will be 4-byte aligned.
 * A double (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned on Windows and 4-byte aligned on Linux (8-byte with -malign-double compile time option).
 * A long long (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned on Windows and 4-byte aligned on Linux (8-byte with -malign-double compile time option).
 * A long double (ten bytes with C++Builder and DMC, eight bytes with Visual C++, twelve bytes with GCC) will be 8-byte aligned with C++Builder, 2-byte aligned with DMC, 8-byte aligned with Visual C++, and 4-byte aligned with GCC.
 * Any pointer (four bytes) will be 4-byte aligned. (e.g.: char*, int*)

The only notable differences in alignment for an LP64 64-bit system when compared to a 32-bit system are:

 * A long (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned.
 * A double (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned.
 * A long long (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned.
 * A long double (eight bytes with Visual C++, sixteen bytes with GCC) will be 8-byte aligned with Visual C++ and 16-byte aligned with GCC.
 * Any pointer (eight bytes) will be 8-byte aligned.

Some data types are dependent on the implementation.

Here is a structure with members of various types, totaling 8 bytes before compilation:

After compilation the data structure will be supplemented with padding bytes to ensure a proper alignment for each of its members:

The compiled size of the structure is now 12 bytes.

The last member is padded with the number of bytes required so that the total size of the structure should be a multiple of the largest alignment of any structure member (alignof(int) in this case, which = 4 on linux-32bit/gcc).

In this case 3 bytes are added to the last member to pad the structure to the size of 12 bytes (alignof(int) * 3).

In this example the total size of the structure sizeof(FinalPad) == 8, not 5 (so that the size is a multiple of 4 (alignof(float))).

In this example the total size of the structure sizeof(FinalPadShort) == 6, not 5 (not 8 either) (so that the size is a multiple of 2 (alignof(short) == 2 on linux-32bit/gcc)).

It is possible to change the alignment of structures to reduce the memory they require (or to conform to an existing format) by reordering structure members or changing the compiler's alignment (or “packing”) of structure members.

The compiled size of the structure now matches the pre-compiled size of 8 bytes. Note that Padding1[1] has been replaced (and thus eliminated) by Data4 and Padding2[3] is no longer necessary as the structure is already aligned to the size of a long word.

The alternative method of enforcing the MixedData structure to be aligned to a one byte boundary will cause the pre-processor to discard the pre-determined alignment of the structure members and thus no padding bytes would be inserted.

While there is no standard way of defining the alignment of structure members (while C and C++ allow using the alignas specifier for this purpose it can be used only for specifying a stricter alignment), some compilers use #pragma directives to specify packing inside source files. Here is an example:

This structure would have a compiled size of 6 bytes on a 32-bit system. The above directives are available in compilers from Microsoft, Borland, GNU, and many others.

Another example:

Default packing and #pragma pack
On some Microsoft compilers, particularly for RISC processors, there is an unexpected relationship between project default packing (the /Zp directive) and the #pragma pack directive. The #pragma pack directive can only be used to reduce the packing size of a structure from the project default packing. This leads to interoperability problems with library headers which use, for example, #pragma pack(8), if the project packing is smaller than this. For this reason, setting the project packing to any value other than the default of 8 bytes would break the #pragma pack directives used in library headers and result in binary incompatibilities between structures. This limitation is not present when compiling for x86.

Allocating memory aligned to cache lines
It would be beneficial to allocate memory aligned to cache lines. If an array is partitioned for more than one thread to operate on, having the sub-array boundaries unaligned to cache lines could lead to performance degradation. Here is an example to allocate memory (double array of size 10) aligned to cache of 64 bytes.

Hardware significance of alignment requirements
Alignment concerns can affect areas much larger than a C structure when the purpose is the efficient mapping of that area through a hardware address translation mechanism (PCI remapping, operation of a MMU).

For instance, on a 32-bit operating system, a 4 KiB (4096 Bytes) page is not just an arbitrary 4 KiB chunk of data. Instead, it is usually a region of memory that's aligned on a 4 KiB boundary. This is because aligning a page on a page-sized boundary lets the hardware map a virtual address to a physical address by substituting the higher bits in the address, rather than doing complex arithmetic.

Example: Assume that we have a TLB mapping of virtual address 0x2CFC7000 to physical address 0x12345000. (Note that both these addresses are aligned at 4 KiB boundaries.) Accessing data located at virtual address va=0x2CFC7ABC causes a TLB resolution of 0x2CFC7 to 0x12345 to issue a physical access to pa=0x12345ABC. Here, the 20/12-bit split luckily matches the hexadecimal representation split at 5/3 digits. The hardware can implement this translation by simply combining the first 20 bits of the physical address (0x12345) and the last 12 bits of the virtual address (0xABC). This is also referred to as virtually indexed (ABC) physically tagged (12345).

A block of data of size 2(n+1) - 1 always has one sub-block of size 2n aligned on 2n bytes.

This is how a dynamic allocator that has no knowledge of alignment, can be used to provide aligned buffers, at the price of a factor two in space loss.

where aligntonext(p, r) works by adding an aligned increment, then clearing the r least significant bits of p. A possible implementation is

title: Data structure alignment


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List of islands of Puerto Rico

This is a list of islands of Puerto Rico.

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has over 143 islands, keys, islets, and atolls. Only the main island of Puerto Rico (3,363 sqmi) and the islands of Vieques (51 sqmi), and Culebra (10 sqmi) are inhabited. Mona Island (22 sqmi) has personnel from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DNER) stationed year-around but no private citizens inhabit it (other than overnight camping guests and nature enthusiasts). Caja de Muertos Island (0.58 sqmi) is also a DNER Nature Reserve, while Desecheo Island (0.58 sqmi) is a National Wildlife Refuge administrated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

The other 140 islands, keys, islets and atolls are not inhabited. Some islands are privately-owned: Isla Palomino, which is rented on a long-term lease to El Conquistador Hotel, Isleta Marina, Isla de Ramos and Isla de Lobos.

title: List of islands of Puerto Rico


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Reynard (disambiguation)

Reynard the Fox is a literary cycle of allegorical French, Dutch, English and German fables concerned with Reynard, an anthropomorphic red fox and trickster figure.

Reynard may also refer to:
 * Reynard Motorsport, a former British race car chassis manufacturer
 * HMS Reynard, or HMS Renard, ten ships of the Royal Navy
 * Renard (Stravinsky), one-act opera by Igor Stravinsky (spelled either way)
 * Renard, short for Reynardine, a fox-like character in webcomic Gunnerkrigg Court (often misspelled as Reynard)
 * Reynard, a 1970s acid folk band from Liverpool

Surname

 * Adrian Reynard (born 1951), English, founder of Reynard Motorsport
 * Helene Reynard (1875–1947), Economist and college administrator
 * Paul Reynard (1927–2005), French-American painter

title: Reynard (disambiguation)


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User:Y0u/Olympic Games

Everyone enjoyed the Olympic Games. In the 2004 summer Olympics in Athens, a defrocked lunatic priest pushed Vanderlei Lima, a Brazilian marathon runner, into the crowd for apparently no reason at all. See this news article for more information.

 * This Y0u article is a stub. You can help Y0u by expanding it.

title: User:Y0u/Olympic Games


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Harvest of Love

"The Harvest Of Love" is a short comedy song, co-written and originally performed by Benny Hill, released on Pye Records (7N.15520). The other writer was shown as "M. Anthony", a pseudonym for the producer, Tony Hatch. The song was a #20 hit in the UK Singles Chart in 1963, and has appeared on several compilation albums as well as being covered by the Wurzels. The Benny Hill version was flipped with another Hill composition, "BAMba 3688". The record also saw a U.S. release on Rust (5079).

The song is sung from the point of view of a farmhand who has fallen in love (or at least, lust) with a young lady. Hill's vocals were accompanied by the Kestrels, who instead of singing, provided a vocal back-up of farmyard impressions. The accompaniment was directed by Hatch. The Kestrels at that time were Roger Greenaway, Tony Burrows, Jeff Williams, and Roger Gullane.

The lyrics included such lines as: "'And as the horse and I plough the field nearby, Your memory I can't erase, For while I walk at the rear of the horse, my dear, I seem to see your face.'" At the end of the song it turns out that the narrator is already married.

In September 2013, the original pressing of the single was found in private storage and sold for £10 at auction on the ITV daytime series Storage Hoarders.

title: Harvest of Love


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Home theater in a box

A home theater in a box (HTIB) is an integrated home theater package which "bundles" together a combination DVD or Blu-ray player, a multi-channel amplifier (which includes a surround sound decoder, a radio tuner, and other features), speaker wires, connection cables, a remote control, a set of five or more surround sound speakers (or more rarely, just left and right speakers, a lower-price option known as "2.1") and a low-frequency subwoofer cabinet. Manufacturers also have come out with the "soundbar", an all in one device to put underneath the television and that contains all the speakers in one unit.

Market positioning
HTIBs are marketed as an "all-in-one" way for consumers to enjoy the surround sound experience of home cinema, even if they do not want to, or do not have the electronics "know-how", to pick out all of the components one-by-one and connect the cables. If a consumer were to buy all of the items individually, they would have to have a basic knowledge of electronics, so they could, for example, ensure that the speakers were of compatible impedance and power-handling for the amplifier. As well, the consumer would have to ensure that they purchased all of the different connection cables, which could include HDMI cables, optical connectors, speaker wire, and RCA connectors.

On the downside, most HTIBs lack the features and "tweakability" of home theater components which are sold separately. For example, while a standalone home theater amplifier may offer extensive equalization options, a HTIB amplifier may simply provide a few factory-set EQ presets. As well, while a standalone home theatre subwoofer may contain a range of sound-shaping circuitry, such as a crossover control, a phase inversion switch, and a parametric equalizer, a HTIB subwoofer system usually has its crossover point set at the factory, which means that the user cannot change it. In some cases, the factory preset crossover point on an HTIB subwoofer may cause it to sound too "boomy" in a room.

Features
A typical HTIB generally consists of a central receiver unit which usually contains a DVD player (some systems separate the DVD player into a separate unit), a multi-channel power amplifier and a series of speakers for surround sound use, generally including a subwoofer. Some HTIB systems also have a radio tuner or an Internet-based streaming audio platform (e.g. Spotify). The least expensive systems usually have a passive subwoofer, which is amplified by the receiver unit. HTIB systems do not include a television set or monitor with which to display the visual material or a stand to place the receiver unit on. Beside auxiliary inputs, many of them are equipped today with HDMI with ARC, optical and SPDIF inputs. Some HTIB systems are also equipped with a phono input, to allow the connection of a turntable with magnetic cartridge. However such systems are not suitable for vinyl playing as they are mainly focussed on movies and rarely for high fidelity. Some home theaters are just stereo or 2.1, but even so, they are not intended as hi fi, this is just a marketing strategy.

There are systems in this class that are sold without a DVD player and are designed to integrate with existing video setups where there is already one, such as a DVD recorder or a DVD/VCR combo unit. The speaker cabinets supplied with most systems in this class are generally fairly small compared to typical stereo speakers, and are meant for wall- or shelf-mounting in tight spaces. There are some systems in this class that are supplied with slim freestanding speakers that stand on the floor. This may be typical of higher-priced systems that are equipped with more powerful amplifiers, or most of the "receiver-only" packages that do not come with a DVD player.

Some HTIBs use proprietary connectors between components, sometimes even combining several different wires into one connector, to reduce cable clutter and increase the ease of installation. However, this can impede interoperability between different audio/visual devices and makes upgrading certain parts impossible. This may also be used by manufacturers to limit what a consumer can do with a low-end model and encourage them to upgrade should they want more autonomy.

A few manufacturers, notably Sony and Panasonic, have implemented wireless connection technology for the surround speakers in this class of equipment. This technology may be available as standard with some of the high-priced models, or may be supplied as an aftermarket kit that only works with selected models in the manufacturer's range. It usually uses a line-level feed over a proprietary wireless link to a separate power amplifier used for the surround-sound channels. This link-receiver and power amplifier can be built into one of the surround speakers or housed in a black box that the surround speakers are connected to. Some higher-end HTIB models offer additional features such as 1080i or 4K (mainly versions with Blu-ray) video resolution upscaling, a 5-disc platter, HDMI inputs, USB connectivity, Bluetooth support, Wi-fi support, Internet apps, DAB and DAB+, mirroring possibility, iPod dock and a hard disk for recording TV shows.

Some older HTIBs from the 1990s had a built-in VCR, besides a DVD, along with a TV tuner, and a hard disk for recording TV shows.

title: Home theater in a box


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Shakespeare Festival of Dallas

Shakespeare Dallas (formerly known as Shakespeare Festival of Dallas) is Shakespeare festival in Dallas. The festival was started by Robert Glenn in 1972 as a free summer Shakespeare festival. Since 2002 the organization has been led by Executive and Artistic Director Raphael Parry. It is the second oldest company in the county that still provides a portion of its programming free of charge. Summer programs are presented in Dallas, Texas, and Addison, Texas. The education program is offered throughout the entire North Texas region. The majority of performances are at the Samuel-Grand Amphitheatre in Lakewood.

title: Shakespeare Festival of Dallas


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Talk:Cabot Tower (St. John's)

Why the category Canadian Forts? There is nothing in the article to suggest that this structure meets the definition of a fort or fortification whether for military defence or the fur trade. I deleted this category.--BrentS 20:32, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good call on deleting that category. I'm not too sure what I was thinking when I added it. :-) --NormanEinstein 21:37, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Layout
This page could use some help with its style. I've bolded the subtitles, but there's a list that needs listing and the sources are out of place. I am, sadly, unqualified to fix them, as I don't know enough about the formatting commands. Just thought I'd point it out, though. Ted
 * Fixed the list - but this appears to be a direct quote from the sources referenced and should probably be referenced as an external link and not quoted.Vulcan's Forge (talk) 04:16, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The article is in dire need of referencing.  PK  T (alk)  22:03, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cabot Tower (St. John's)


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User:Y0u/Vanderlei Lima

Vanderlei Lima is a fast runner from Brazil.

title: User:Y0u/Vanderlei Lima


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Annona glabra

Annona glabra is a tropical fruit tree in the family Annonaceae, in the same genus as the soursop and cherimoya. Common names include pond apple, alligator apple (so called because American alligators often eat the fruit), swamp apple, corkwood, bobwood, and monkey apple. The tree is native to Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and West Africa. It is common in the Everglades. The A. glabra tree is considered an invasive species in Sri Lanka and Australia. It grows in swamps, is tolerant of saltwater, and cannot grow in dry soil.

Description
The trees grow to up to 12 m. They have narrow, gray trunks and sometimes grow in clumps. The leaves are ovate to oblong, each with an acute tip, 8–15 cm long and 4–6 cm broad with a prominent midrib. The upper surface is light to dark green. Leaves of the A. glabra are said to have a distinct smell, similar to green apples, that can distinguish it from mangroves. The fruit is oblong through spherical and apple-sized or larger, 7–15 cm long and up to 9 cm diameter, and falls when it is green or ripening yellowish. It disperses by floating to new locations, and it is food for many animal species such as wild boar. Reproduction begins around two years of age. A fruit contains 100 or more convex, light yellow-brown seeds, about 1 cm long. A. glabra flowers have a short life-span, and have a diameter of 2–3 cm. The flowers have three outer petals as well as three inner petals. Compared to the pale yellow or cream color of the petals, the inner base of the A. glabra flower is a bright red. Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.

Ecology
A. glabra thrives in wet environments. The seeds and fruit of this plant can be dispersed during wet seasons where they fall into swamps and rivers. This allows the seeds and fruits to spread to coastlines. A 2008 study found that A. glabra seeds can withstand floating in salt water and fresh water for up to 12 months. About 38% of those seeds can then germinate in soil, though A. glabra roots do not do well with constant flooding. Another study in 1998 found that even under intense flooding, the 12-month lifespan of A. glabra seedlings was unaffected; the growth rate of A. glabra trees did decrease however over a 6-month period. Compared to other Annona seeds and trees, the A. glabra is still more resilient to instances of flooding.

Uses
Unlike the other Annona species, the pulp of the fruit when ripe is yellow through orange instead of whitish. The fruit is edible for humans and its taste is reminiscent of ripe Honeydew melon. It can be made into jam, and it is a popular ingredient of fresh fruit drinks in Maldives. In the past, the seeds were crushed and cooked in coconut oil and applied to hair to get rid of lice

The flesh is sweet-scented and agreeable in flavor, but it has never attained general popular use unlike soursop and other related fruits. Experiments in South Florida have been conducted to use it as a superior rootstock for sugar-apple or soursop. While the grafts initially appear to be effective, a high percentage of them typically fail over time. Soursop on pond-apple rootstock has a dwarfing effect.

Recent research suggests that its alcoholic seed extract contains anticancer compounds that could be used pharmaceutically.

Invasive species
It is a very troublesome invasive species in northern Queensland in Australia and Sri Lanka, where it grows in estuaries and chokes mangrove swamps. The A. glabra tree was introduced to North Queensland sometime around 1912 as both a rootstock for similar Annona species such as Annona atemoya, the custard apple. A. glabra seedlings carpet the banks and prevent other species from germinating or thriving. It also affects farms as it grows along fencelines and farm drains. It also invades and transforms undisturbed areas. This can be observed in the case of Australia’s Eubenangee Swamp National Park where an outbreak occurred due to poor wetland management.

In Australia, A. glabra seeds can be spread by the southern cassowary. Seeds of the fruit have been found in cassowary dung with dispersal distances of up to 5212 m recorded in one 2008 study in the journal Diversity and Distributions. The southern cassowary itself however is an endangered species in Australia. According to the Australian government’s Department of the Environment and Energy, there is only around 20-25% of cassowary habitat remaining. Additionally, part of the government’s recovery plan includes actions towards establishing nurseries filled with plants that the cassowary consumes. Because the A. glabra is among the foods eaten by southern cassowary, revegetation may be necessary to ensure that cassowary have alternative food sources available. When the A. glabra population is controlled, natural vegetation can regenerate without human intervention.

Because of its impact on the environment as an invasive weed, the Australian government classifies the A. glabra as a Weed of National Significance (WONS). Additionally, the A. glabra was considered the highest ranked species in 2003 in a Wet Tropics bioregion weed risk assessment. In Sri Lanka it was introduced as a grafting stock for custard apples and spread into wetlands around Colombo.

Australia
The Australian government views the A. glabra as a weed, and as such offers through its Department of the Environment and Energy a control plan created in 2001 for citizens that aims at eliminating the A. glabra by 20 years. The plan includes six steps that property owners can take to determine how to control and monitor an outbreak of A. glabra as well as how to minimize financial damage. To disincentivize the cultivation and spread of A. glabra by humans, its sale and entry is banned throughout most of Australia.

Options for the control of the A. glabra include fire, chemical, and mechanical controls including combinations of the three types. The best time of year to do so according to the government of Australia is during the time between August and November, which is the dry season. There are currently no studies that have looked at the biological control of A. glabra within Australia. Without studies, any actions taken to eliminate the A. glabra with biological controls could inadvertently affect native Australian apple species that belong to the same family.

title: Annona glabra


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Wikipedia:Text move

 * ''For guidance on merging and moving pages, see Merging, Moving a page and Copying within Wikipedia

Overview
A text move alters the position of text at Wikipedia. It can be done in a single operation within an article or article section.

Text move can also mean that a portion of text is moved to another page, for example to the related talk page. It involves two steps:

 * cutting a passage of text from an article;
 * pasting the text into the other page.

Editors attempting text moves should not ignore consensus nor copyright obligations under the GFDL nor other guidance (e.g. avoidance of cut and paste moves of pages per WP:MOVE), nor try to force their changes by edit warring.

Moving to talk pages
In some cases, it is recommended to move unwanted text to the talk page of the same article, as something of a "backup". This way, the text is not deleted and is still easily accessible, while the article page itself will still be cleaned. On one of the Wikipedia guideline pages, it has been suggested that text that is identified as apparent nonsense can be moved to the talk page. But this is often unnecessary and is just one of the ways of dealing with nonsense text.

title: Wikipedia:Text move


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Stephen A. Hurlbut

Stephen Augustus Hurlbut (November 29, 1815 – March 27, 1882) was an attorney and politician, who commanded the U.S. Army of the Gulf in the American Civil War. Afterward, he continued to serve as a politician and also as a diplomat.

Although born and educated in the South, his parents were from the North and his father was a Unitarian minister. After passing the bar, Hurlbut moved at the age of 30 to Illinois to set up a practice. There he married and had a family.

When war broke out, he supported the Union and Republican Party. Hurlbut was present at the Battle of Shiloh and served under General Sherman during the Meridian Expedition.

After the war, he returned to politics. He served in various capacities, being appointed as Minister to Colombia and elected as a U.S. congressman from Illinois.

Early life
Hurlbut was born in 1815 in Charleston, South Carolina, to Martin Luther Hurlbut and Lydia Bunce, who were from the North. His father was a Unitarian minister and educator. He had been president of Beaufort College in South Carolina from 1812 to 1814. Hurlbut studied law with James L. Petigru as his mentor, worked for him as a law clerk, and was admitted to the South Carolina Bar in 1837. During the Second Seminole War, he served as adjutant of a South Carolina infantry regiment.

In 1845, Hurlbut moved north to Illinois, a free state. He established a law practice in Belvidere. He started his own family in 1847 after marrying Sophronia R. Stevens; they had two children together.

In 1847, Hurlbut took part in the Illinois constitutional convention as a Whig delegate. He served as a presidential elector for the Whig Party in the 1848 presidential election, and became acquainted with Abraham Lincoln during campaigning for Old Rough and Ready Zachary Taylor.

He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1859 and re-elected in 1861.

Hurlbut campaigned for Lincoln during the presidential election in 1860 and attended Lincoln's first inauguration on March 4, 1861. He and Colonel Ward H. Lamon performed a fact-finding mission at Lincoln's request, and visited Charleston on March 24–26, 1861, to investigate and report, "the actual state of feeling in this City & State." Lamon received a separate assignment from William H. Seward to visit Fort Sumter.

On March 27, 1861, Hurlbut wrote a detailed report in which he stated, "There is positively nothing to appeal to — the Sentiment of National Patriotism always feeble in Carolina, has been extinguished and overridden by the acknowledged doctrine of the paramount allegiance to the State. False political economy diligently taught for years has now become an axiom & merchants and business men believe and act upon the belief — that great growth of trade and expansion of material prosperity will & must follow the Establishment of a Southern Republic. They expect a golden era, when Charleston shall be a great commercial emporium & control for the South as New York does for the North."

Civil War
When the Civil War erupted, Hurlbut joined the Union Army. He was commissioned as a brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers, on May 17, 1861, and a major general on September 17, 1862.

He commanded the 4th Division, Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh, and in the advance towards Corinth and the subsequent siege. He also led a division at the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, taking command of the entire Union force after Gen Edward Ord was wounded.

Hurlbut commanded XVI Corps from his headquarters at Memphis, Tennessee. Historian Bertram Korn has suggested that, during Hurlbut's garrison duty at Memphis, Tennessee, the brigadier general issued antisemitic orders confiscating Jewish property and preventing Jews from trading.

Hurlbut led a corps under William T. Sherman in the 1864 Meridian expedition. He subsequently commanded the Department of the Gulf, succeeding Nathaniel P. Banks and serving in that capacity for the remainder of the war. Hurlbut was suspected of embezzlement during his term. General Edward R. S. Canby ordered a court-martial proceeding and the arrest of Hurlbut. However, he was allowed to resign in June 1865.

Postwar years
After mustering out of the Union Army on June 20, 1865, Hurlbut became one of the founding fathers of the Grand Army of the Republic. He served as commander-in-chief from 1866 to 1868.

He was appointed Minister Resident to Colombia in 1869, where he served three years. In 1872, Hurlbut was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (R-Illinois). Re-elected for a second term in 1874, he was defeated in 1876.

Hurlbut was appointed as ambassador to Peru in 1881. In that capacity he had a row with General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick, U.S. minister to Chile during the War of the Pacific. Each man had become a partisan of the country to which he was assigned to represent Hurlbut continued to serve as U.S. ambassador to Peru until his death in Lima in 1882.

His body was returned to Belvidere, Illinois for burial. Hurlbut and his wife are buried together in Belvidere Cemetery, Belvidere, Illinois.

title: Stephen A. Hurlbut


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Valluvar Kottam

Valluvar Kottam (வள்ளுவர் கோட்டம்) is a monument in Chennai, dedicated to the classical Tamil poet philosopher Valluvar. It is the city's biggest Tamil cultural centre.

Location
Valluvar Kottam is located at the intersection of the Kodambakkam High road and the Village road in Nungambakkam neighbourhood of Chennai. The monument now stands at what was once the deepest point of a local lake called the Nungambakkam lake.

History
The construction of the Valluvar Kottam was conceived and executed by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi during the 1970s. It was designed by South Indian traditional architect V. Ganapati Sthapati, who is also the architect of the Thiruvalluvar Statue at Kanyakumari. It was inaugurated in April 1976 by the then President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

The monument
The monument consists of a decorative arch, an auditorium that can accommodate around 3,500 people, and the Kural Manimandapa, where all the 1,330 couplets from all 133 chapters of the Kural literature are inscribed on bas-relief. The hallmark of the monument is the 39-meter-high (128 feet) stone car, a replica of the famed temple chariot of Thiruvarur. The chariot is made of around 3000 blocks of granite stone from Tiruvannamalai and weighs 2,700 tonnes. The largest of these stones weigh as much as 40 tonnes. The four giant-sized wheels of the chariot measure 11 feet in diameter and 2 feet in thickness. A life-size statue of Valluvar has been installed in the chariot. The chariot is adorned with the famed Kalamkari drawings. The bottom portion of the chariot features bas relief sculptures depicting all the 133 chapters of the Kural text. The central auditorium measures 220 feet by 100 feet and is said to be Asia's largest at the time of its construction. The roof of the monument has a terraced garden with two large pools.

Visitors
The monument is visited by an average of about 700 people during weekdays and 1000 people during weekends.

Renovation
The monument is maintained by the memorial section of the information and public relations department of the state government. It was renovated in 2007 at a cost of ₹ 6 million. In 2018, the department started renovating the memorial at a cost of ₹ 8.5 million.

title: Valluvar Kottam


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Wikipedia talk:Text move

Would someone please help me find the policy page which actually mandates this technique. I'd like to cross-link this page and that. Thanks. Uncle Ed 20:35, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

I google'd and could only find this:, which refers to this quote: "Article is a source text Move text to Wikisource and replace it with a stub and a soft redirect," part of the Wikipedia:Deletion_policy. Thus, there probably is no policy. I'd say you write the policy. Didn't you say sometime recently that there should be a "zero revert rule" on edits that paste into the talk page to be discussed? Sounds like it makes sense.-- GordonWattsDotCom 00:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Question: When you say "revert," do you mean to try to avoid reverting the "source" page (such as the article on Terri Schiavo), where the "cut/copy" occurs or do you mean the "destination" page (such as the talk page where the "paste" occurs? Thanks!-- GordonWattsDotCom 23:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Answer: The source page should not be reverted.

Thank you. (I put this page on watchlist & saw your answer.) Keeping the source the same would be ideal, as in "zero reversion rule," whereby we come to concensus, but the ideal is rarely reached in totality, but is still good to have as a target goal to seek.-- GordonWattsDotCom 17:22, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

68.166.205.92 01:04, 2 November 2006 (UTC)==Discussion==

Please discuss this page, otherwise some users will 'redirect' it out of existence on the grounds that there is no discussion.

If you disagree with the concept of a text move, please make sure to express this here! --Uncle Ed 12:35, 8 August 2006 (UTC) I DISSAGREE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

title: Wikipedia talk:Text move


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Talk:Violin Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)

Main Features
Should main features of the whole piece be placed in this article.

"It is a classic blending of his Italian-influenced simplicity and courtly charm and German awarness of counterpoint and polyphony" is plagiarized from Microsoft Encarta's article on Mozart, which states, "It is a classic blending of Mozart’s Italian-influenced simplicity and courtly charm and a profoundly German awareness of counterpoint and polyphony." Therefore I have removed aforementioned text. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.1.71.147 (talk) 6:08, 14 March 2010

Straßburg
Could anyone explain/find out why the Rondo theme suggests Straßburg? That first sentence in the section "The third movement is a Rondeau Allegro, and opens with an orchestra theme which gave the concerto its nickname: 'Straßburg'." doesn't explain anything. Much appreciated! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.132.173.104 (talk) 14:19, 22 September 2013 (UTC)
 * http://www.violinonline.com/unit3_4.html: "because he used part of a dance tune from the city of Strassburg in the final, third movement of this concerto (the tune was apparently known as the 'The Strassburger')." -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 14:28, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

Thrid movement description
The description for the third movement (and to a lesser extent, the description for the second movement) has many problems. Aside from several innacuracies, it has a general tone that is very informal, subjective and sounds as though the writer was giving his impressions of the music: for example,

"in a quite unusual thing for Mozart to do, the violin plays the main theme again, thus concluding the movement in D."

"the music goes from Allegro to an Andante in G minor, almost in the fashion of a scherzo-trio form,"

"The quick passages stop for the violin to play a more ceremonial theme played on the D and A strings, in the fashion of a Musette"

" Instead of ending the concerto in a pompous way, Mozart chose to end it instead with the lonely oboe theme in G major played piano, adding the feeling of a musical "disappearing"."

There are several instances of word choice that are either incorrect or not the proper musical vocabulary, for example:

The author uses the word "cadenza" to describe the improvised passages in the last movement. A classical period cadenza is the improvisational expansion of a 2nd inversion tonic chord (I 6/4) that ends in an authentic cadence. It usually leads into an orchestral tutti. However, the third movement of this concerto has two eingang, which start on the dominant, are much shorter than true cadenzas, and "play in" to the main theme.

"threesome up-and-down notes" are triplets.

"note-rest small melodic line"

Finally, there are a couple statements that are just wrong:

The closing tutti theme of the third movement is called the "lonely oboe theme" by the author. He says that it is a "lonely, short passage played by the oboes only." This is incorrect- it is alternated between the winds (2 oboes and 2 horns) and the strings.

The G minor episode is accompanied by pizzicato strings, not saltando strings. Saltando is performed by bouncing the bow while pizzicato is performed by plucking the string.

The only wikipedia edits that I have done have been small details. I am unsure if it would be best to rewrite the bulk of this article (which I can do), edit it, or remove most of the material. As such, I have not edited the article and have posted this. Someone more experienced with wikipedia can either fix it or respond to this and let me know, and I will rewrite it.

96.236.221.120 (talk)
 * As a temporary measure I have reduced the commentary on the third movement to its very bare bones. I agree it was not up to standard: it had been in that state for some 12 years. As you foreshadow, the article could do with a makeover. You shouldn't feel that your inexperience should stop you: experience in music, which you clearly have, is more important that experience in Wikipedia. Syek88 (talk) 10:34, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Violin Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)


text:
User talk:Dfranke

A belated welcome!

Here's wishing you a belated welcome to Wikipedia, Dfranke! I see that you've already been around a while and wanted to thank you for your contributions. Though you seem to have been successful in finding your way around, you may still benefit from following some of the links below, which help editors get the most out of Wikipedia:

 * Introductory tutorial
 * Contributing to Wikipedia
 * The Teahouse

Need some ideas of what kind of things need doing? Try the Task Center.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Again, welcome! -- Tamzin  [cetacean needed] (they|xe) 05:12, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dfranke


text:
Nan Woods

Susan Nan Woods (born June 21, 1966, in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) is a retired American actress who began her brief career in the mid-1980s. Her best-known role was Cherry White in the first two seasons of the ABC television series China Beach.

After working for just four years and appearing in the first two seasons of China Beach, along with a couple of film roles and a couple of TV movies, Woods decided acting was not for her and retired at the age of 22.

Filmography

 * China Beach (TV series) (15 episodes, 1988–1989) - Cherry White
 * In the Mood (1987) - Madeline
 * The Betty Ford Story (1987) (TV movie) - Susan Ford
 * Lady Blue (TV series) (1 episode, "Willow", 1986) - Willow
 * One More Saturday Night (1986) - Diane Lundahl
 * Welcome Home, Bobby (1986) (TV movie) - Beth

title: Nan Woods


text:
Donald Goines

Donald Goines (pseudonym: Al C. Clark; December 15, 1936 – October 21, 1974) was an African-American writer of urban fiction. His novels were deeply influenced by the work of Iceberg Slim.

Early life and family
Goines was born in Detroit, Michigan on December 15, 1936. His parents were a middle-class Black Catholic couple that ran a laundry business. His mother Myrtle Goines told Goines that her family was descended from Jefferson Davis and a woman who was enslaved. Donald was the middle child of three, and the only son.

At age 15, Goines lied about his age to join the Air Force and fought in the Korean War.

Adult life
During his stint in the Armed Forces, Goines developed an addiction to heroin that continued after his honorable discharge in the mid-1950s. In order to support his addiction, Goines committed crimes including pimping, larceny, robbery, illegal liquor manufacturing and theft. He lived in several cities, including Kansas City, Missouri and Junction City, Kansas, but mostly in his native Detroit. He was sentenced to prison several times, both state and federal.

He began writing while serving a sentence in Michigan's Jackson Penitentiary. Goines initially attempted to write Westerns, but he decided to write urban fiction after reading Robert "Iceberg Slim" Beck's autobiography Pimp: The Story of My Life.

Goines continued to write novels at an accelerated pace in order to support his drug addictions, with some books taking only a month to complete. His sister Joan Goines Coney later said that Goines wrote at such an accelerated pace in order to avoid committing more crimes, and based many of the characters in his books on people he knew in real life. He completed 16 books.

In 1974 Goines published Crime Partners, the first book in the Kenyatta series under the name Al C. Clark. Holloway House's chief executive Bentley Morriss requested that Goines publish the book under a pseudonym in order to avoid having the sales of Goines's work suffer due to too many books releasing at once. The book dealt with an anti-hero character named after Jomo Kenyatta that ran an organization similar to the Black Panthers to clear the ghetto of crime. In his book The Low Road, Eddie B. Allen remarks that the series was a departure from some of Goines's other works, with the character of Kenyatta symbolizing a sense of liberation for Goines.

Inner City Hoodlum, which Goines had finished before his death, was published posthumously in 1975. Set in Los Angeles, the novel was about heroin, money and murder.

Death
On October 21, 1974 Goines and his common-law wife Shirley Sailor were discovered dead in their Highland Park, Michigan apartment. The police had received an anonymous phone call earlier that evening and responded, discovering Goines in the living room of the apartment and Sailor's body in the kitchen. Both Goines and Sailor had sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the chest and head.

The identity of the two gunmen is unknown, as is the reason behind the murders. Popular theories involve Goines being murdered due to his basing several of his characters on real life criminals as well as the theory that Goines was killed due to his being in debt over drugs.

At his funeral, a relative placed a book with Goines in his casket, but it was stolen.

Kenyatta series

 * 1) Crime Partners (1974) [as Al C. Clark]
 * 2) Death List (1974) [as Al C. Clark]
 * 3) Kenyatta's Escape (1974) [as Al C. Clark]
 * 4) Kenyatta's Last Hit (1975) [as Al C. Clark]

Stand alone novels

 * Dopefiend (1971)
 * Whoreson (1972)
 * Black Gangster (1972)
 * Street Players (1973)
 * White Man's Justice, Black Man's Grief (1973)
 * Black Girl Lost (1974)
 * Eldorado Red (1974)
 * Swamp Man (1974)
 * Never Die Alone (1974)
 * Cry Revenge (1974) [as Al C. Clark]
 * Daddy Cool (1974)
 * Inner City Hoodlum (1975)

Influence
Goines's writing has had an impact upon several people, with several rappers inserting mentions of Goines and his writing into their lyrics. In his 1996 song Tradin' War Stories, legendary West Coast rapper 2Pac writes "Machiavelli was my tutor, Donald Goines my father figure". On the Real Brothas album by hip-hop duo B.G. Knocc Out & Dresta, the latter mentioned the author by rapping "take a good look because you're looking at a crook/my life done been took, right outta Donald Goines' book".

Ludacris mentions Goines in his 2006 song "Eyebrows Down". AZ compares himself to Donald Goines' work in "Rather Unique", with the line, "Your mind's boggled but I'm as deep as Donald Goines' novels". Nas also named the song "Black Girl Lost" on his sophomore album It Was Written after the book by Goines. The New York rap trio Cru had a song called "Goines Tale" where all of Donald's book titles were incorporated into the song's lyrics.

Rapper Jadakiss referenced Goines in the Sheek Louch song "Mighty D-Block (2 Guns Up)" with the lyrics "Yo, the revolve' or the mati's cool, Knife game like Daddy Cool's, since Bally Shoes". The rapper 50 Cent writes in his self-help-autobiography Hustle Harder, Hustle Smarter, that "Personally, I didn’t get into reading until I found writers like Donald Goines and Iceberg Slim who wrote in a voice that felt familiar to me".

Goines' books have been utilized in several prison literacy programs. His novel Dopefiend has been taught in a Rutgers University class.

Films
Some of Goines's works have been adapted into film. His book Crime Partners was turned into a 2001 film starring Ice-T, Snoop Dogg, and Ja Rule, and in 2004 his book Never Die Alone was also released as a film starring DMX.

Graphic novel
In 1984 the graphic novel adaptation of the book Daddy Cool was released by Melrose Square, a division of Holloway House. There have been reproductions since 1984 but it was the only graphic of its kind by Donald Goines that was published by Melrose Square.

title: Donald Goines


text:
User:Tdelisle~enwiki

Hi, my name is Tim, I just discovered the Wikipedia and I love it! I will soon have more on my page.

title: User:Tdelisle~enwiki


text:
Category talk:Big Brother (British TV series)

Untitled
A couple of changes needed? When I tried 'edit this page', I can't access the following: Phantomsteve 20:40, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Amend Blazin' Squad so that it reads James 'Kenzie' McKenzie (Blazin' Squad) (or just Kenzie) (mention made on the Blazin' Squad article, as it currently makes no mention of Big Brother!)
 * 2) Move Eugene Sully to the 'S' section, Kemal Shahin to the 'S' section, Maxwell Ward to the 'W' section, Orlaith McAllister to the 'M' section, Goldie to the 'G' section, Sam Heuston to the 'H' section, and Vanessa Layton-McIntosh to the 'L' section, for consistency (i.e. all surnames)


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Dorf, Switzerland

Dorf is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. The German word Dorf means “village”.

History
Dorf is first mentioned in 1044 as Dorf, though the document that mentions this is a copy from 1347.

Dorf belonged to the church parish of Andelfingen until 1699, when it became an independent Protestant parish.

Dorf
Because Dorf simply means village in German, there are a number of Dorfs throughout Switzerland, Germany and Austria. In Switzerland, Dorf is the only municipality with this name. There are a number of smaller villages or hamlets with either an entire name of Dorf/Dorfli or ending in -dorf.

Geography
Dorf has an area of 5.5 km2. Of this area, 52.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 40.6% is forested. The rest of the land, (6.7%) is settled.

The municipality is located at the entrance to the Flaacker river valley.

Demographics
Dorf has a population (as of ) of. , 6.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 20.3%. Most of the population speaks German (95.4%), with English being second most common ( 1.3%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 1.3%).

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 55.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (9.5%), the local small left-wing parties (9%) and the CSP (8.5%).

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 63.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 8.8%. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Dorf about 84.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Dorf has an unemployment rate of 1.2%. , there were 42 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 30 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are nine businesses in this sector. 73 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 15 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table:

Dorf in popular fiction

 * Dorf is mentioned in Jostein Gaarder's Solitaire Mystery.

title: Dorf, Switzerland


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WUBE-FM

WUBE-FM (105.1 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a country music radio format. Licensed to Cincinnati, Ohio, it is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting.

WUBE-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 14,500 watts. It broadcasts using HD Radio technology. It airs an alternate country music format on its HD2 digital subchannel. The studios are located on Kennedy Avenue in the Oakley neighborhood of Cincinnati where they have been since August of 2021, while the transmitter remains closer to Downtown Cincinnati, in the Walnut Hills neighborhood.

History
The station was originally known as WCPO-FM, owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, publisher of the Cincinnati Post, along with WCPO (1935) 1230 AM, now WDBZ) and WCPO-TV (channel 9). One of the WCPO-FM announcers identified the frequency in the legal ID as 10-51 (ten-fifty-one) which was unique at the time. A video with audio of a WCPO-FM legal ID can be seen on YouTube. In January 1966, shortly after Scripps sold WCPO-AM-FM to Kaye-Smith Broadcasting, both stations changed their call signs to WUBE-AM & WCXL-FM. WUBE-AM switched to its long-running country format in April 1969. In October 1971, WCXL-FM dropped it’s good time automated music format to become country WUBE FM with the FM partially simulcasting the AM throughout the early 1970s. Then in 1975, the FM became the dominant signal. The Mornings and Afternoons were usually simulcast with Middays and Evenings split into separate air shifts. Then in September 1981, WUBE AM switched to WMLX Music of your Life format until 1985 when they switched to the original WDJO oldies until 1990 while WUBE FM stayed country.

Kaye-Smith Broadcasting sold WUBE-AM-FM to Plough Broadcasting in the late 1970s, with Plough selling the stations to DKM Broadcasting in 1984 (Approved by the FCC October 10, 1984). Two years later, both WUBE and what was then WDJO were sold to American Media. In 1991, American Media sold the stations to National Radio Partners, which later changed its name to Chancellor Media, and then to AMFM, Inc. in 1999. The following year, due to AMFM's merger with Clear Channel Communications, WUBE-FM was sold to Infinity Broadcasting (which became CBS Radio in December 2005), while their AM sister was sold to Blue Chip Broadcasting. CBS sold WUBE to Entercom on August 21, 2006, along with CBS Radio's other Cincinnati stations.

On January 18, 2007, almost as soon as it entered the Cincinnati radio market, Entercom announced its exit from the market by trading its entire Cincinnati cluster, including WUBE, to Bonneville International. Also included in the sale were three radio stations in Seattle, in exchange for all three of Bonneville's FM radio stations in San Francisco, and $1 million cash. In May 2007, Bonneville officially took over control of the Cincinnati radio cluster through a local marketing agreement (LMA), with Bonneville acquiring Entercom's remaining interest in the stations outright on March 14, 2008.

WUBE was one of the winners in the 2008 NAB Crystal Radio Awards.

On January 19, 2011, Bonneville International announced it would sell WUBE and several other stations to Hubbard Broadcasting for $505 million. The sale was completed on April 29, 2011.

title: WUBE-FM


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Polk (game)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 03:11, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

Polk (game)
Delete Article about, as far as I can see, a pointless and non-existent game. The article doesn't assert that the game is played anywhere, there is no external links that could help verify its existence, and it just looks to be a figment of someone's imagination. Google, admittedly, has 851,000 hits for Polk game, but that's mainly due to the number of people named Polk. Sam Vimes 20:41, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Funny, but not encyclopedic. Pburka 22:47, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but could we move it to Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense?
 * BJAODN. Dcarrano 22:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN. JamesBurns 03:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Everett Christian School

Everett Christian School (ECS) is a private Christian school in Everett, Washington, United States. Established in 1926, it is run by the parents of its students, and provides education from preschool through the eighth grade. Everett Christian School's colors are blue and white, and their mascot is a Badger.

Everett Christian School was established in 1926 by parents as the Society of Christian Schools in Everett. Since 1926, ECS has been educating children from Christian homes based in a Reformed Christian tradition. Everett Christian School participates in the Tri-County League in the sports of soccer, basketball and track & field. ECS is an approved institution of academic learning by the State of Washington and is accredited through the Christian Schools International. Everett Christian is also a member of the groups WFIS and Northwest Christian School International. Everett Christian School has between 60 and 100 students (K-8) on average with a faculty to student ratio of 1 to 14.

The Everett Christian School parents, faculty, and staff believe the Bible teaches that God established a special relationship (covenant) with Christians. Because of that relationship, Christians participate in this special relationship with God in all aspects of their lives.

The stated purpose of the ECS is to confront students with the important realities of life, so they may learn how to evaluate them in relation to the principles taught in the Christian Bible.

title: Everett Christian School


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Civic Trust (England)

The Civic Trust of England was a charitable organisation founded in 1957. It ceased operations in 2009 and went into administration due to lack of funds.

The Civic Society Initiative was set up in 2009 with the support of The National Trust, CPRE and other organisations to ensure a future for the civic society movement and was formally launched in April 2010 as Civic Voice.

Original function
Civic Trust's prime purpose was to improve the quality of new and historic buildings and public spaces, and to help improve the general quality of urban life. The trust operated from two main offices, in London and Liverpool and supported a national network of civic societies. These were local groups in which volunteer members helped to improve their surroundings. It ran the Civic Trust Regeneration Unit, which supported urban renewal through programmes addressing issues of concern such as "the night time economy". It ran campaigns to influence and change thinking on civic matters, and change government policy. It helped establish conservation areas and coordinate Heritage Open Days.

Civic Trust Awards

The Civic Trust Awards was established in 1959 to recognise outstanding architecture, urban design, landscape and public are which improve the quality of life for local communities. Whilst the Civic Trust as an umbrella organisation went into administration in April 2009, the Civic Trust Awards have continued as an independent scheme operating on a not-for-profit basis as a Community Interest Company.

title: Civic Trust (England)


text:
User:Y0u/Tyrant

Tyrantisaurus Rex!

title: User:Y0u/Tyrant


text:
Roger Wilco (software)

Roger Wilco is one of the first voice-over-IP client programs designed primarily for use with online multiplayer video games. Roger Wilco enabled online gamers to talk to one another through a computer headset or other audio input device instead of typing messages to each other. Within a year of the software's introduction, over 2 million online video gamers were using the application.

Roger and Wilco are procedure words which, in radiophone communication, mean "I understood your message and I will comply".

Development and release
Roger Wilco was developed by a US startup company called Resounding Technology. Three of the company's four founders were roommates when they were undergraduate students at Princeton University: Adam Frankl, Tony Lovell, and Henri de Marcellus. David Lewis, who led marketing and business development, was based in Silicon Valley and was responsible for growing the Roger Wilco community and managed partnerships with video game publishers who bundled Roger Wilco with their games. Plantronics, PNY, and other game peripheral manufacturers also bundled Roger Wilco with their products.

The company began publishing pre-release versions of the software in the autumn of 1998; the first general availability release, Roger Wilco Mark I, followed in May 1999. The company distributed both the client and server as freeware. The server software, Roger Wilco Base Station, was developed for Linux, FreeBSD, Windows 9x, and Windows NT. Development of a client for Mac OS never progressed beyond the alpha phase.

David Lewis demonstrated the product's server-less voice capabilities to Mpath Interactive, a startup company in Silicon Valley, who went on to acquire Resounding Technology based on their proprietary peer-to-peer voice technology. The company IPO'd soon after and renamed it to HearMe, Inc.

In December 2000, GameSpy bought the Roger Wilco intellectual property. In early 2001, they integrated an updated version of the client software into their game server browser, GameSpy Arcade. Players could use the Roger Wilco software if they bought a subscription to GameSpy's Game Tools suite. David Lewis licensed SDK versions of the voice technology to virtually every major game publisher including Activision, EA, Microsoft, Ubisoft, and others. The licensing arrangement with Microsoft enabled the use of the Voice SDK for Microsoft's Xbox and required that all multi-player Xbox game developers included in-game voice chat capabilities. Today, virtually every leading online multiplayer game includes voicechat due to the pioneering efforts by the Resounding team.

GameSpy published the final version of the Roger Wilco client for Windows on July 8, 2003. That year, a vice president of consumer products at GameSpy Industries told The Boston Globe that Roger Wilco had about 5 million users.

title: Roger Wilco (software)


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Robert Allen (song composer)

Robert Allen Deitcher (February 5, 1927 – October 1, 2000) was an American pianist and an arranger and writer of music for popular songs.

Biography
Allen was born to a Jewish family in Troy, New York and had 4 children: a son, Gordon, and 3 daughters, Pamela, Diana, and Katie.

He was an accompanist for Perry Como, Peter Lind Hayes, and Arthur Godfrey. Many of his compositions were collaborations with lyricist Al Stillman. Allen lived in New Rochelle, New York from 1963, much of his professional life. Three of his most famous songs were: "(There's No Place Like) Home for the Holidays","Everybody Loves a Lover" and "Chances Are".

Robert Allen died in Quogue, New York of colon cancer at the age of 73.

Perry Como hits

 * "Noodlin' Rag" (1952)
 * "Sweetheart's Holiday" (1952)
 * "To Know You (Is to Love You)" (1952, redone in 1959)
 * "You Are Never Far Away (From Me)" (1952, redone in 1958)
 * "Home for the Holidays" (1954)
 * "My One and Only Heart" (1953)
 * "You Alone (Solo Tu)" (1953, redone in 1961)
 * "Door of Dreams" (1955)

Four Lads hits

 * "Enchanted Island" (1958)
 * "Moments to Remember" (1955)
 * "No, Not Much" (1956)
 * "There's Only One of You (1958)
 * "Who Needs You?" (1956)

Johnny Mathis hits

 * "Chances Are" (1957)
 * "It's Not for Me to Say" (1957)
 * "Teacher, Teacher" (1958)

Other hits

 * "Al's Place" a hit for Al Hirt
 * "If Dreams Came True" (a hit for Pat Boone)

With Richard Adler

 * "Everybody Loves a Lover" (a hit for Doris Day in 1958 and The Shirelles in 1963)

Others

 * "War Eagle" (1954 and 1955) the Auburn University fight song
 * "Song for a Summer Night (a hit for Mitch Miller and His Orchestra and Chorus in 1956)
 * 'Bob McGrath from Sesame Street' by Bob McGrath (1970)

title: Robert Allen (song composer)


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Talk:Indian rope trick

A Winner of the September 2005 West Dakota Prize

Professor Bofeys
There are some old newspaper accounts in the 1930s of a "Professor Bofeys", allegedly performing the Indian rope trick with success at the "annual convention of the British Ring of the International Brotherhood of Magicians". See for example,. I have no idea what Bofeys first name was. I managed to find an old newspaper article from Gloucestershire which states "Prof. Bofeys, of the Indian rope trick fame", but that is about it. There was an online auction for a group of magic photographs, one of them was a photograph of Bofeys performing the Indian Rope Trick but it is not online. This is probably a dead end and not notable enough for this article but just leaving this here if anyone has any information or suggestions about it. HealthyGirl (talk) 11:34, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Apparently Prof. Bofeys performed the trick in July, 1931 in a garden at Cheltenham in front of magicians. He claimed to be the first person in the West to perform the trick in open air (many have made this claim). It is suspicious that he denied performing the trick in public and nobody had ever heard of him again (a more in depth read here ) "The trick is pure illusion", said Professor Bofeys, "both on the part of the spectator and my assistant. He refused to divulge; anything further." HealthyGirl (talk) 11:48, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Although Professor Bofeys' name is not always mentioned in the following letters, these letters to the editor of the BBC's magazine The Listener refer to him: The Listener, Dec 12, 1934, p 998 (letter from R.H. Elliot); The Listener, Dec 27, 1934, p 1076 (letter from Harold T. Wilkins); The Listener, Jan 9, 1935, p 78 (letter from R.H. Elliot); The Listener, Jan 23, 1935, p 163 (letter from Harold T. Wilkins). The impression given by R.H. Elliot's letters is that Professor Bofeys' efforts were merely an attempt to gain publicity for the International Brotherhood of Magicians with a hoax photograph of the rope trick and that not all IBM members agreed such publicity was fitting and proper. --Jim mckeague 02:58, 28 June 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jim mckeague (talk • contribs)

 * Thanks for the information. The only thing I have read of R. H. Elliot is his book "The myth of the mystic East", I don't have access to any of his letters unfortunately. Regarding Bofeys, there is a photograph of him performing the trick because I have seen it listed as being sold in conjuring auctions but I guess this is extremely rare and not many copies exist. It would be lovely to get an image online. I am searching for old images of the trick being performed, there are not many that exist. HealthyGirl (talk) 05:19, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

Account by Sir Henry Sharp
In his book Good-Bye India (1946), Sir Henry Sharp (1869-1954) an Indian colonial administrator, gave an early second-hand account of the Indian rope trick. Unfortunately I don't have access to this book yet, it does not appear to be online. I will include it on the article if I end up getting hold of a copy. HealthyGirl (talk) 13:05, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Account by John Finnemore
I just found an old account of the Indian rope trick. I don't think this one has been picked up by historians. It is mentioned by John Finnemore in his book Home Life in India (1917):

The fakir called for a rope, and a strong piece of cord, such as is used to fasten goods on a country cart, was brought to him. He took it, whirled it a few times round his head, and tossed it into the air. It stood up straight and firm, as if it were hanging down from a support, though it appeared to have no support of any kind. The little boy now came forward and went up the rope nimbly hand over hand. Up and up he went, and suddenly the fakir threw the end of the rope up after him, and nothing was to be seen. For a few seconds the fakir stood motionless, then he began to climb. He rose steadily from the ground, making all the motions of a man climbing a rope, though no rope was there.

On and on he went, until his form grew smaller and smaller, and he seemed to vanish into the sky. The amazed guest was still staring in wonder into the empty air, when someone said : " Hullo ! here they come." He looked down, to see the fakir and the boy approaching the spot as if they had emerged from a clump of bushes fifty yards away.

Online here, the book is listed as nonfiction on many websites but reads like a fiction book. It is unclear if the book is describing Finnemore's own experiences or not. HealthyGirl (talk) 05:38, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

Account by James Reid Marsh
There is an account by James Reid Marsh of a version of the Indian rope trick in his book The Charm of the Middle Kingdom (1922) that he claimed to have observed. I have not been able to find much about Reid but he had travelled throughout China. Whilst amongst the Miao people in China he claimed that an Indian fakir had visited the village he was staying at and performed the trick:

The next thing I knew the fakir was chanting in a low monotonous voice, rocking backward and forward, his arms crossed over his breast, and his face turned heavenwards. He must have kept this up for fifteen minutes before I noticed with a start that the blot of blue had traveled a perceptible way into the air. Were my eyes deceiving me.' No. I saw the child distinctly lifted on the end of the rope, the latter uncoiling itself upward like a curious serpent.

Up, up, the child went. The braziers belched their purple smoke with redoubled energy. I sat in the midst of a purple mist, seeing and feeling purple. The rope went up with graceful insinuations, the child barely swaying on the end of it. Pere Goudot looked at me and I at him. But we said nothing. We were speechless with amazement. The Miaos were speechless too. Not a sound was heard but the moaning voice of the fakir. But I felt the intensity of the moment. The great crowd was on the point of screeching. But fascination took away its breath.

I saw that child disappear in a cloud of purple smoke that lay over the spot like a blanket. The other end of the rope was barely dangling on the earth. It dangled for a instant, and then, the fakir reversing his intonation, it came down again. I watched it coiling itself again as a hawser coils off a wench. It came down rapidly until the upper end disengaged itself from the purple smoke. The upper end disengaged itself from the purple smoke but it no longer supported the child. Down, down it came until it reached a point some five feet from the ground. And there it paused, swaying as a cobra sways when music charms its ears. I looked up, trying to penetrate the purple mist above me. It was like an opaque sheet of blue water. Was the child there? What had become of him? Suddenly the rope slipped down and lay motionless where it had lain before. The fakir gradually ceased rocking. Slowly his voice died away to a whisper and then went out altogether.

Online here HealthyGirl (talk) 08:03, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Just found some information on Reid, he was a former official of the Chinese Customs. HealthyGirl (talk) 08:09, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

Account in the SPR
An account reported by the Society for Psychical Research in 1906 HealthyGirl (talk) 18:01, 23 July 2016 (UTC)

Mention in the Ginza Rba as a trick performed by Jesus
The Ginza Rba is the holy book of the Mandaeans. Mandaeism is an old religion with strong relations to Zoroastrianism and the Abrahamic religions, especially St John the Baptist and Gnosticism. It is written in (Mandaean) Aramaic. While reading Mark Lidzbarski's 1925 German translation, I came across the following passage:

"Ferner verfertigt er eine Leiter, wirft sie hin vom Erdboden bis zum Himmel, steigt auf und nieder, schwebt zwischen Himmel und Erde und spricht zu euch: 'Sehet, dass ich aus der Höhe komme; ich bin euer Herr.' Doch glaubet ihm nicht. Denn die Leiter des Christus ist durch Täuschung, Zauberei und Blendwerk hergestellt. Wo der Christus steht, blendet er die Augen, verhüllt den Glanz der Sonne und spricht zur Sonne: 'Verhülle deinen Glanz'. Doch die Sonne verhüllt ihren Glanz nicht. Nun schafft er durch Zauberei Dunkelheit an dem Orte, wo er steht, und spricht zu euch: 'Sehet, ich sprach zur Sonne, und sie verhüllte ihren Glanz, denn ich bin Gott, der Erlöser.'"

As I have no access to Carlos Gelbert's 2011 English translation, here is my translation of the above:

"Furthermore he fabricates a ladder, throws it from the ground to the sky, climbs up and down, floats between sky and earth and speaks to you: 'See that I come from the height; I am your Lord.' But do not believe him. For the ladder of the Christ is manufactured through deception, magic and dazzling. Where the Christ stands, he bedazzles the eyes, cloaks the brightness of the sun and speaks to the sun: 'Cloak your brightness'. But the sun does not cloak its brightness. Now through magic he makes darkness at the place where he stands and speaks to you: 'See, I spoke to the sun, and it cloaked its brightness, for I am God the Redeemer.'"

This passage can be found in Book 2 of the first part, called the Right Ginza. (The second part is called the Left Ginza.) Book 2 seems to be a redacted and extended version of Book 1, and this passage is part of the extensions, which are primarily concerned with Christianity. I am not sure if the numbering scheme is standardized. The passage is numbered 142 in the German translation.

It would appear from this passage that the Indian rope trick was well known, as a magic trick, in the Middle East when this book was written. Apparently this was some time between the 1st and 3rd century. Hans Adler 06:43, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indian rope trick


text: User talk:67.71.125.199

title: User talk:67.71.125.199


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Back In Business Cartridges

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 22:30, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Back In Business Cartridges
This article appears to have been advertising for a less then half year old laser printer cartridge recycling business. I cleared the page up, but I don’t feel a less then half year old company is notable enough to have it’s own article. Seano1 20:45, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable company. Dcarrano 02:38, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hydrocortisone acetate

Hydrocortisone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester.

The acetate group helps to protect the hydrocortisone molecule from being broken down by enzymes in the body (prolongs the duration of action of hydrocortisone) and allows it to be absorbed more easily.

Oral bioavailability
Hydrocortisone has a lower bioavailability than hydrocortisone acetate when taken orally, because hydrocortisone is rapidly metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys before reaching its target tissue. On the other hand, hydrocortisone acetate is more stable and less susceptible to metabolism, allowing a higher proportion of the drug to be absorbed and reach systemic circulation. Therefore, hydrocortisone acetate is often preferred for oral administration over hydrocortisone.

title: Hydrocortisone acetate


text:
Hydrocortisone butyrate

Hydrocortisone butyrate is a corticosteroid that comes in one of the following forms:
 * Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate —
 * Hydrocortisone-21-butyrate —

It is a group IV corticosteroid under US classification.

title: Hydrocortisone butyrate


text:
Hydrocortisone cypionate

Hydrocortisone cypionate, sold under the brand name Cortef, is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester.

title: Hydrocortisone cypionate


text:
Aga Khan Award

Aga Khan Award may refer to:
 * Aga Khan Award for Architecture
 * Aga Khan Prize for Fiction, given by the editors of the Paris Review

title: Aga Khan Award