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Talk:Cipher Pol

Spoiler Topics
Just thought I'd mention this here... I would really appreciate it if people would stop including information from spoiler topics in this article before the chapter comes out. The info often is inaccurate, or at least worded badly since you only have one translator to go by. And that aside... I know that this article has a spoiler warning on it. However, I feel that the warning means that if you aren't caught up in the series, you will be spoiled. I don't think it's fair to people who DON'T read spoiler topics for us to include that info. Now, I don't mind minor adjustments. For example, I allowed Kaku's fruit because we'd seen it in chapter 401, all that was added for 402 was the name. For the Spandam/Spandine relationship, I allowed it since we already had it mentioned as probable and people simply removed words like "probably". However, adding things about Lucci possibly being defeated (420), Lucci's past (421), and so on is going too far, in my opinion. I know many people who are caught up with One Piece who refuse to read spoiler topics for various reasons. I don't think it's fair for us to have these kinds of things here even with the spoiler warning.

If you have a problem with this, please talk about it here. However, unless it is officialy decided by us to allow spoiler information, please don't put it into the article. Thank you.
 * Murasaki Seiko 22:08, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Kaku's Fruit NOT Ushi Ushi!
Kaku's fruit has no official name yet.Besides, the giraffe is placed in it's own family, not the cattle family. Kaku 23:15, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

BTW, I haven't read 402 yet, so if its name is mentioned in 402, I apologize profusely. Kaku 23:17, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

In the spoiler and spoiler photos for chapter 402 (which are trustworthy) it is revealed to be ushi-ushi no mi, model: giraffe (well, 'moderu: jirafu', but same thing). So... yeah. It actually is. ^^; Murasaki Seiko 09:39, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v430/Tlin/Other%20Stuff/One%20Piece%20Stuff/ushiushinomi.jpg

There, pic from the chapter of it being called "ushi-ushi no mi, model: giraffe". ^_^ Murasaki Seiko 10:29, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

I just read the chapter.Very sorry for the disturbance.:)Kaku 18:55, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Actually, the giraffe is in the cattle family. Learn some zoology!

Soru?
Soru is the ability to kick the ground to move at high speeds according to the article, so I have to wonder, is this the basis for Captain Kuro's abilities (which allow him to move so quickly he can't be seen?) If he's as smart as he says, than is it possible he was able to discover, at least in part, info on the six powers, or does his speed come from something else?

Kuro is more than two hundred episodes behind. Kuro is just REALLY fast. His speed is his main fighting ability.

Im sure Kuro is not as fast as the Soru users. He just moves really fast, just like luffy can move really fast. But luffy moves faster with the Soru. Lucky Roux (from the red hairs) is also really fast, but i doubt he uses the soru. Im sure that the Soru is a technique used to increase the speed for characters above thier normal speed. --Guille2015 18:26, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Haha, there's actually some mention of shakushi compared to soru in volume 42:

 * D (dokusha, reader): Which is faster, Captain Kuro's shakushi, or CP9's soru? Tell me!

 * O (Oda-sensei): Yes, I've had lots of questions about this. Captain Kuro's shakushi (from manga 5) was also really strong, wasn't it? To answer your question, they're about the same speed. However, when Captain Kuro uses that technique, he was going so fast that he had a weakness of not being able to tell who he was attacking. CP9 at that speed control themselves. So basically, if you were to have a contest, CP9 would definitely win.

So, basically... Kuro actually is just as fast, but since he can't control himself, he isn't anywhere near as dangerous. Murasaki Seiko 05:23, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Heck, Kuro is dangerous too. Since he can't see a thing, he attacks everything around him: his enemies, non-living objects and even his allies. That's nowhere near as dangerous?

 * no! Kuro, being as to how he can't see anything, is possible for his oppeonents to get away and not get hit, but soru could have them follow you, and you couldn't get away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.190.100.32 (talk) 00:52, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

It says in the article that Luffy can use soru, Gear 2 and soru are completely differnt things unless I'm missing something. :/ - STAREYe 21:22, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

He can use Soru while in Gear 2, I forget which but it was either Blueno or Lucci that said he had copied Soru and Luffy was all "Yeah I noticed how you did that move and blah blah blah". That's paraphrased ;). 71.53.82.103 16:01, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Names
I'd just like to keep this straight with everyone editing this article... Please keep the names as they are. If you feel they should be spelled differently, let's discuss it here first. Currently, the spellings used are the most common ones. Unless an actual reason comes up (i.e., Oda-sensei actually writing the names out differently than we have them here), please discuss name changes in the article before doing so. Murasaki Seiko 06:50, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and changed "Jyabura" to "Jabura" mainly because translating "ジャ" as "Jya" is incorrect. See Hepburn romanization. Also, has Blueno's name ever been spelled out in English in the series? Because that looks really Engrishy. "Bruno" looks like it would be a more accurate translation. The Splendiferous Gegiford 01:16, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I know it's innaccurate to write that way. However, on Wikipedia, aren't we to use the most common spelling? A quick search on Google for "one piece jyabura" gives 6220 results, whereas "one piece jabura" gives only 2970. This is the most common fan-used spelling, and as we don't have any other name to go by (it's never been written out in English by the author), I belive that's how it should be judged, correct? I know that's what was why we were allowed to keep the page as "Roronoa Zoro" instead of "Roronoa Zolo"...

 * And yes, Blueno's name is actually written out on his bar, in both the anime and manga. Murasaki Seiko 21:40, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

It seems I noticed this comment a bit too late, as I created a new section to discuss the change. Anyway, it was written as Blueno on the sign for "Blueno's Bar", where he made his first appearence. Besides, it's supposed to be a reference to "Bluto" from Popeye. Sigmasonic X 04:15, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Redoing the Article
Okay, I'm considering redoing the article, but I want everyone's opinions... I'd like to redo it similar to how the ones for Baroque Works and the Shichibukai are, where the article itself has all the generic info, and then give each character their own page... We'd keep up the CP description, CP9 description, rokushiki, douriki, maybe the animal thing, and a short description of each character, with a link to their page... If anyone wants to discuss this, please do! If nobody responds within about... a week, I'll just do it anyway, so as to match the other One Piece pages... Murasaki Seiko 01:48, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd strongly disagree with the notion of dividing this article into seperate ones. These characters are nowhere near the nobility threashold to warrent such (see WP:FICT). This article does need clean-up, though. -ZeroTalk 08:23, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Just to know what your opinion is... Do you feel the ones on the Baroque Works article (Mr. 1, for example) are worthy of their own page? If you feel they are... Then these guys definitely are as well. These articles on them were much longer and more detailed in the past, I've had to gone through and fix 'em up to make them work better on a page such as this... So this isn't all the information there is, there's at least as much as on the Mr. 1 article, and he has his own... So, do you feel that his is inappropriate as well? (BTW, this isn't an attack on your opinion, I'm truly curious. ^^ I'm not new to Wikipedia, but I only stick to the One Piece section, which isn't always managed in the best way, so I really don't know. ^^;; ) I do agree on the clean-up though, I'm gonna do that either way. ^_^ Murasaki Seiko 12:22, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't agree with the Baroque Works pages being sperate ethier. Most of them lack sufficnet information and don't elaborate enough to appeal to a wider audience. I proceeded to clean them up and add images to them last night night because they were already created, and I needed something to occupy myself with. I'm planning on merging them into a list article similar to this, so they can all be expanded upon in one location and searching through cats to find a character will no longer be a problem. -ZeroTalk 20:34, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright then, I'll leave these ones like this for now at least. ^_^ Lucci might get his own page at some point, though, as he'll need one by the end of the arc (since he IS the big "boss" of the arc... XD) I'll just work on cleaning up the article... Again... Murasaki Seiko 21:49, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Maybe the techniques should be placed at the end of the article. I know they are used only by the CP9, but this arrangement has a third level in the contents that makes it awkward for a short article. --Guille2015 18:29, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Actuaslly if you do that, you'd have to do it for Galley La too, and possibly Franky Family articles. I like it how it is except perhaps we could put the varation attacks under the person who used them. Also, we might want to list former CP9, I know of at least two plus Spandine that appeared in Ohara.--Pyrgus 08:56, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Concerning Attacks and Where They Should Be Placed
Though this seems to be an unwritten rule, I shall clarify it here. All attacks related to Rokushiki are to placed under the Rokushiki section as variations, while all Devil Fruit or attacks otherwise unrelated to the six arts are to placed under the character's section. Sigmasonic X 05:07, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * How should the tekkai kenpou attacks be added, then? Jyabura is actually using it as a completely different fighting style (hence the reason it's tekkai kenpou before all the attacks instead of simply tekkai), so the attacks themselves aren't completely just tekkai variations (although the basic tekkai kenpou is), they are actually attacks... Which is why I had them listed in Jyabura's section instead of the tekkai section... I suppose we could list them as variations on tekkai kenpou, but that starts getting awkward... I guess I'm kinda stumped... I'd like to include them, since we've included all the other attacks and variations so far, and I do think that they fit best in Jyabura's section... but I can definitely see where the problem is...Murasaki Seiko 12:53, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

I got it: we list all of the tekkai kenpo attacks in Jyabura's section, and put a note about it under the tekkai section, stating to go to Jyabura's section for more information. Sigmasonic X 05:16, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll set it up like that then. ^_^ Murasaki Seiko 05:42, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

I've been thinking: this page is getting pretty big, so a way to save space might be to move all of the CPers attacks to the One Piece abilities section, while keeping the Rokushiki and it's variations here. Does anyone else think this is a good idea? Sigmasonic X 22:26, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't mind the idea personally... but first I'd like to rewrite the sections so they all are written similarly, no useless information, etc. (since they shouldn't be getting as much random editing anymore now that Spandam and Lucci are the only ones still up in the manga...). After that, if the page still seems too long, moving attacks is fine with me. ^^ Murasaki Seiko 02:47, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

Attack Descriptions
Well, just thought I'd mention this here... I'm horrible at figuring out what each attack is actually doing. I've added the basic info for each attack (name, Japanese, translation, and user), but I need help with descriptions. ^^;; Currently, tobu shigan "bachi", rankyaku "hyoubi", and kamisori need descriptions, and tekkai "utsugi" might need more detail... If anyone can help, I'd appreciate it. Just for reference, the shigan move is on pages 13-14 of chapter 421, the rankyaku is on page 11 of chapter 421, the tekkai is on page 13 of chapter 421, and kamisori (Lucci's soru move) is on pages 12-13 of chapter 420, as well as page 10 of chapter 421. Thank you! Murasaki Seiko 12:56, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Corgi
Just a quick question... I do seem to remember him being mentioned as CP5 somewhere, but when I rewatched most of Water 7 yesterday I didn't hear any mention of it... So, does anybody remember when it was mentioned? Murasaki Seiko 22:47, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * If I remember correctly, it was mentioned that he was the leader of CP5 when he first appeared at Dock One, or when Franky and Kokoro talked in Blueno's Bar. Either way, I know for sure he is part of the Cipher Pol. Sigmasonic X 22:33, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Hm... checked both those places, and ended up checking pretty much everything in the manga... I couldn't find anything about it. o_O Unfortunately, he's minor enough to not even show up at the character descriptions at the beginning of the books (not even Jerry, Wanze, and Nero were, though, although T-Bone was... and Shanks still is...), and he doesn't even get an intro box with basic info like that... I mean, even Jerry got one, and he shows up for all of... about 4 pages or so... Actually, the only evidence I found either way for Corgi was AGAINST his being CP-anything... When they are explaining the train, they show where everybody is, and they all have their CP number above their names... yet Corgi has none. So... I'm lost here... I know I've seen people say he's CP5, and I seem to remember reading/seeing it in the series, but I can't find it... I'll go ask on AP and rewatch Water 7, I suppose... And if I can't find anything saying he is, we'll just have to move him to the WG page. Murasaki Seiko 06:04, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, it might have been in SBS! I'll go check those now, and see if I can find it. ^_^ (While waiting for 422 raws... >_< ) Murasaki Seiko 06:07, 4 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, it wasn't in SBS at all. XD I guess I've gotta resort to anime... Which'll take a while... maybe I'll just ask on AP. XD (Still waiting... >_<) Murasaki Seiko 07:08, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

-the corgi cp5 thing came into being because corgi and cp5 spandam in the flashback were the first to show that prominent WG symbol on their coats and back then no one knew that all cps had that symbol and that it was the sign of the WG so he really should be moved to the WG page since he is introduced as "World Government official".84.113.225.56 08:09, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It's hard to put Corgi into the WG page since he performs duties characteristic of a regular Cipher Pol agent, essentially investigation and etc. So far it seems like all WG agents with simmilar motiffs like him currently shown in the manga seem to be classified as Cipher Pol since they're all performing similar duties. Only WG characters such as Baskerville and the Jury are clearly not of Cipher Pol occupation since it obviously clear their regular duties are different from Cipher Pol's. Until Oda gives a clear hierarchy of the WG like he did with the Marine/Navy with all it's different divisions, or personally states Corgi's division, it's best to list him here as such based on his duties.CalicoD.Sparrow 02:34, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, actually, all the people like him in the manga are always called yakunin (essentially "agents"), implying that they're simply random WG people... I think I'll move him to the WG page, though... I mean, CP is a division of the WG, so even the CP agents are technically WG agents. XD I'd say unless we can get confirmation, he needs to just be considered a WG agent... And I'm pretty sure that this whole CP5 thing just came up 'cuz of the Spandam connection as well, that's the only logical explanation I've ever found after re-reading and re-watching the entire arc. XD So I'll go ahead and move him until/unless we get actual proof. After all, he wouldn't technically be mislisted if it ended up he is CP, but if it ends up he's not then he's on the wrong page entirely if we leave him here. Murasaki Seiko 02:59, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Rokushiki Ougi: Roku Ougan
shouldn't this be mentioned somewhere?

About "Lucci" word
I don't know if this will be worthy to add, but, being Italian, I'd like to be more precise on the word "Lucci".

The correct plural word for luce (light) is luci (lights), with only one c, but i think this depends on the romanization of stranger word in japanese. What it's be more interesting is that in Italian we have a meaning for "lucci".

It's the plural for "luccio", Northern Pike, the fish, adding something ferocious to his personality. That's it :)Cuttyflam 21:10, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Really? That's actually pretty interesting... and shows how much the Japanese actually know of Italian. XD Perhaps we should put a note on it? XD But a fish... XD That's just really amusing. Murasaki Seiko 21:45, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

About "Jabura"
Someone changed all of the Jyaburas into Jaburas, stating that Jyabura is a horrible translation. However, Jyabura is a much more common translation of his name--the only person I've actually seen use "Jabura" is the translator stephen, and while he's one of the best One Piece translators around, his choice of name spellings can be questionable. So the question is this: should the name be kept as the supposidely more accurate "Jabura", or the much more commonly used "Jyabura"? Sigmasonic X 02:24, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Now, I'm not quite sure on this, but going by what I've seen previously on Wikipedia, I believe that we're supposed to use the most commonly used spelling. I know that was the case with Zoro (which is why the page is no longer "Roronoa Zolo"), so I belive that's the policy... I have no idea where to find that though... But until then, I'd say stick with Jyabura, as it is used much more commonly. I've only seen it as Jabura on a couple Japanese fansites and by a couple members on AP. XD I mean, really, if we're gonna get technical, it should probably actually be "Jabra", but I don't see anyone spelling it that way. ;) So, I'd say stick with Jyabura 'till we can find the Wikipedia policy on that kinda thing. Then we can change it if we need to. Murasaki Seiko 21:43, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The policy that "solved" (using quotes because there's always the possibility that another dispute about Zoro's name will be brought up again) the Zoro/Zolo dispute was "If a native spelling uses different letters than the most common English spelling (eg, Wien vs. Vienna), only use the native spelling as an article title if it is more commonly used in English than the anglicized form." That doesn't exactly apply here as not only is there no Viz name for him, there's no romanized version of his name in the Japanese One Piece manga/anime. So that policy doesn't work with this. I've argued this several times in the Zatch Bell! pages; if there's no official English name, the best name to go with is the most accurate name, not the most popular.

 * Speaking of using romanizations to determine characters' name spelling, why is this not applied to all OP articles? Enel's name is written out as "Enel" in one of the video games, yet why is his name still spelled "Eneru" here? The Splendiferous Gegiford 23:15, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Alright, I've asked what to do. Once we have a response, I'll tell you guys what the decision was and change it if necessary. Until then, let's just keep it like this.

 * And about "Enel"... If we're going by video games, then we should change the Franky page to "Flanky". XD XD Seriously, though... I think it's actually written as "Enel" in Grand Adventure, which would make that the official English name, meaning that should be used, correct?

 * Although it's kinda unfortunate for Bon-chan... I mean, Oda-sensei wrote his name out as "Bon Kurei", but since "Bon Clay" is more common and is used in the English, we can't change it... Murasaki Seiko 05:43, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Okay, I was told two different things by two different people. XD One said the more common name was more encyclopedic, but the other said to use Hepburn romanization according to WP:MOS-JP. But when I looked at that, it said this:
 * Names should be romanized according to common usage, which includes unconventional romanizations by licensees.

So... that says common usage... so, according to that, it looks like common usage beats out "correct" romanization. Meaning that "Jyabura" should be used, instead of "Jabura". Murasaki Seiko 20:52, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Alright, update on all this. XD I asked over on WP:MOS-JP. From the responses I got, it seems that (although it was agreed that the y makes it look stupid), it's probably best to use the "Jyabura" spelling, as it's by far the most common spelling of the name. Murasaki Seiko 07:31, 16 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Question, what were some of the other names Oda gave when he spelled it "Jabra"?
 * I'll check all of 'em when I go get my manga here in a few minutes, but I do remember Rucchi and Iceberg... not sure if there were any others... Well, others that contradict him. He also wrote "Pauly", but since he's never had his name written before, who knows if it's right or not. Murasaki Seiko 22:25, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Seiyuu
Is there any point to having links to the seiyuu who don't have Wikipedia pages? Murasaki Seiko 21:56, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * It's always kinda been an unwritten rule to link to seiyuu or voice actors who don't have an article. There's always the chance one will get made, after all. The Splendiferous Gegiford 23:17, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, really? I hadn't ever seen it happen before. XD I'll leave it like this, then. Murasaki Seiko 05:44, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Spandam's laugh?
I'm listening to it and all I hear is "da". Was it written as "wa" in the manga or something? The Splendiferous Gegiford 00:47, 30 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it's always written with a way over-emphasized "wa" at the beginning... Onosaka just does it weird. XD Murasaki Seiko 02:54, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Nero and Mihawk?
Hey, I see a vague similarity between Nero and Mihawk. Is it just me? If you alter a few things to Nero's face, they practically look like father-and-sonTrunksamurai 17:33, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

CP 9th member
I was reading and it say their a 9th secert member to the CP9, but we only know 8 members. So the 9th member could be Hattori (Rob Lucci Pigeon). We know little of this bird, and that he only the last member at the Enies Lobbys' Tower of Justice next to Rob Lucci.
 * It's Nero Belgium EO 16:32, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

"Jabra"
I've seen the thing that calls him "Jabra" over at Arlong Park, and there seems to be a debate over there as to whether or not it's real. I've seen the official popularity contest, and the "Jabra" thing looks nothing like it. Until there is proof it is real, I will remove the statement. Belgium EO 16:32, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It is real, I've got the manga here myself and am the one who put that in there myself when I saw it. It wasn't when they first published the results, it was in volume 43, where the results were republished, and the names were written in English for the top 20 characters.
 * (As Oda-sensei wrote them:
 * Monkey D. Luffy
 * Roronoa Zoro
 * Sanji
 * Tonytony Chopper
 * Nico Robin
 * Usopp (Soge King)
 * Nami
 * Mihawk
 * Kaku
 * Portgas D. Ace
 * Shanks
 * Rucchi
 * Franky
 * Smoker
 * Vivi
 * Kuzan
 * Jabra
 * Pauly
 * Iceberg
 * Tashigi

 * The two I bolded are the ones that make me unsure of whether these should be considered official or not, as he's spelled them both other ways before (Lucci and Iceburg)...)

 * That's also where results 51-99 came from, as the original publishing only had the top 50 characters. I don't know if this is proof enough for you, if it isn't then I could scan in all 6 pages of it, I suppose... --Murasaki Seiko 22:09, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Where did he spell out Lucci's name earlier? The Splendiferous Gegiford 15:23, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, that one was more of an agreement with the way a reader spelled it, in volume... I don't remember which one... 40-something's SBS. --Murasaki Seiko 21:40, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Was that for the whole "Light" thing? I'm not sure if that's really applicable as the Italian word for light is "Luce" not "Lucci". The Splendiferous Gegiford 00:31, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I notice that too when I looked it up. However if it is written in a SBS then we can't very much crib about it.  I can only think it would a result of how the Japanese would pronounce the name "Lu-Ce" (Lu-ci).  :/ Angel Emfrbl 08:03, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Was it written in English as "Lucci" in the SBS though? I know it's spelled that way in AP's translations. The Splendiferous Gegiford 03:05, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was. I actually have a scan of it here (from when I needed to convince the rest of the group to stop spelling it "Lucchi" and let me translate it as "Lucci"...). --Murasaki Seiko 00:09, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see. Thanks. The Splendiferous Gegiford 18:08, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Error in Lucci's Section
It says: "At the Galley-La headquarters in Water 7, Lucci effortlessly defeated Luffy in a relatively short fight, the only person other than Crocodile to do so." Are we forgetting about Ao Kiji and Smoker or something?

New articles
I think Spandam, Rob Lucci, Kaku, Jyabura, and Rokushiki should have thier own articles since the information in thier respective sections are quite long.--Greedisland14 01:42, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Well a lot of uneeded info is here... If you cut that out, keeping the bare minium, you might find you only need one for Rob Lucci. Angel Emfrbl 07:23, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

CP1-CP4 and CP8
Just wondering-could we make blank sections for the unintroduced Cipher Polls?We also have sections for Mr. 6 and Miss Mother's Day,Mr. 10 and Miss Tuesday and Mr. 12 and Miss Saturday in the Baroque Works article and nothing in them (except a brief note dor Mr.6)

New Babylon 07:07, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Removing the techniques
We've had attacks been taken away... But whats the difference between the CP9 6 style techs and the other attacks? Answer: nothing. I've been thinking about this since X-mas, I think its time they either had their own page or were removed. We have a better place for them on the Wikia. Angel Emfrbl 16:06, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Spandam Dead?
It is quite obvious, Spandam is dead. Episode 311 showed it all. While it was not clarified in the manga, a broken spine in the anime version is as a good cause of death as any. For a decision such as killing off a major character, Toei surely consulted Oda and got a go ahead. I'm not suggesting labeling Spandam as "Deceased" in the Cipher Pol page nor anything. I would rather leave that decision to someone else. I'm simply pointing the obvious out. I'm guessing this event makes Robin the second Straw Hat ever who killed on screen, after Mr. Bushido of course. Dukelagold 21:12, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ehm,you DO realise Pell survived a bomb being detonated in his "beak" that was said to be able to whipe out the entiere city (ca. 1 mile if im no mistaken). New Babylon 2 15:53, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, the bomb was in his talons, not his beak. The point remains, however.

Okay, now there is a status thing that says that everybody of CP9 is dead, including Blueno and Kumadori whose fate is still unknown. Just because Enies Lobby was destroyed by Buster Call doesn't it mean they all died there. Reaper9 14:42, 25 July 2007 (GMT -3:00)

Except that it pretty much does. That's the whole point of Buster Call and since none of them were concious to attempt to survive, they are almost ceartinly dead. The only one that might potentially have survived is Lucci, I seem to remember him landing on one of the BC ships. Im not 100% though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.0.93.233 (talk) 19:24, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Spandine 8 Dourikis
Okay,where this from? New Babylon 2 15:53, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Spandamamadamdam had a 8 Dourikis. Not his father Spandingadingaline.  Angel Emfrbl 22:06, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I thought it was 9.And "had"?Youu really think hes dead?(Dont mis-understand me,I hated him,but stil.......) New Babylon 2 06:04, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I was not suggesting either were dead, merely speaking from memory of events in the past chapters not character health conditions. Angel Emfrbl 08:28, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Neros 570 Dourikis
Okay,where does THIS come from?If its from a grand data file,you have to write it down,otherwise theres no verification of that possible.

New Babylon 2 13:08, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Lucci's name is not based on the Italien word Luce.
Someone asked this in SBS, and Oda Tenshi wrote that he had no idea thats what it meant. Anyone else remember this question?

 * I must admit, even I looked this word up when the question came up and found the incorrectness and for a while didn't know how they might up come to that... Then I saw a non-english fan somewhere asking if Kurei meant "curry" due to a lesser grasp of english/Japanese prounication (excuse spelling) and confusion of the english/Japanese language (ku-rei instead of seeing it as one word).  I always put the fan who asked it down to the way the Japanese break up the names, so Luce might end up being seen like this to a Japanese person: Lu-ce = Lucci, if you saw it in that logic you wouldn't think that the name would be pronounced as one whole word.  But generally, it seems to have come out of a misunderstanding somewhere.  Angel Emfrbl 07:57, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

CP9's ages
Where's their age coming from? A sourcebook or something?

 * Its from the SBS released from the volumes, but as usual they've not been referenced (again). Angel Emfrbl 19:28, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

CP9's voice actors
Are those american voice actors (Jerry Jewell for Kaku, for example) confirmed? They don't look like it. Exmortisa (talk) 18:36, 9 December 2007 (UTC)exmortisa

 * I am puzzled by this too... But they maight have come from FUNimation supplying the Voice Actors for the Game One Piece: Unlimited Adventure, which comes out next year. Angel Emfrbl (talk) 20:50, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Spoilers
Jesus, this has to be the most spoiler filled article I've ever come across, ever. Without any warning either. Bam, there's a giant picture with characters everyone near the beginning the story arc would be familiar with, right there as members of CP9 with no warning whatsoever. Fantastic. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.166.131 (talk) 14:33, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

 * ote: wikipedia has spoilers everywhere. This article was fixed and the spoilers removed once, but they slip on whenever you take your eyes off it. Angel Emfrbl (talk) 15:23, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cipher Pol


text:
Sam McVey

Sam McVey or Sam McVea (May 17, 1884 – December 23, 1921) was a Hall of Fame heavyweight boxer who fought during the early 20th century. Known as the Oxnard Cyclone, he ranked alongside Jack Johnson, Joe Jeanette, Sam Langford, and Harry Wills as the top black heavyweights of their generation. All of them, except Johnson, were denied a shot at the world heavyweight championship due to the color bar, which ironically was maintained by Johnson when he became the first black fighter to win the world heavyweight title. Despite being denied a title shot, McVea enjoyed a famed career that took him across the globe.

In 96 documented fights in at least 10 different countries, McVey only lost 16 bouts. His greatest wins include two victories over both Sam Langford and Harry Wills, which won him the World Colored Heavyweight Championship on two occasions, respectively. In his later, years he worked as a trainer and sparring partner for both black and white fighters training for important bouts.

Biography

Fighting out of Oxnard, California, McVey stood 5′10½″ inches tall and fought at a weight of between 205 and 220 lbs. He relied more on brute strength than finesse in the ring. His first pro fight listed on boxrec took place in 1902 at the age of 18, but a newspaper from 1902, on his then-upcoming fight with Jack Fogarty, lists five earlier fights he won in Australia, and a further two that took place in California. However In those days, few mixed-race fights took place, so McVey frequently fought the other top black boxers of his time, including Sam Langford (15 times), Joe Jeanette (5 times), Harry Wills (5 times), and Jack Johnson (3 times). Overall, McVey's boxing record was 65 wins, 16 losses, and 12 draws.

McVey spent much of his prime years fighting overseas. He left for Paris in 1907 and fought there for four years. McVey left Paris in 1911 for Australia. He fought there for three more years before finally returning to the U.S.

On December 31, 1908 in Paris, Sam McVey competed in a mixed style bout against jujutsu expert Tano Matsuda, knocking him out in ten seconds. In the earlier part of this century, such bouts were occasionally held in Japan pitting western boxers against judo or jujutsu fighters.

On April 17, 1909, in Paris, Sam McVey fought Joe Jeanette in a bout considered one of the greatest and certainly one of the longest of the 20th century. The fight went 50 rounds and lasted three and a half hours. McVey was generally agreed to be winning through most of the fight, particularly the 21st and 22nd round, knocking Jeanette down repeatedly. By the 40th round, however, Jeanette had recovered while McVey was lagging and knocked down repeatedly. Ultimately McVey's eyes had swollen shut and he was forced to quit.

In 1912, McVey was one of the contenders for the World Colored Heavyweight Championship fought at various venues across Australia. Sam Langford his opponent, was a Black Canadian popularly known as the Boston Tar Baby and reputedly one of the greatest fighters of all time, beating champions in the lightweight to heavyweight classes. Before the matches, the boxers gave demonstrations of their skill. Before his beating, Sam McVea in the Exhibition Rink Buildings in Perth, Sam Langford stayed at the Nedlands Park Hotel where he: "gave exhibitions of punching the ball, throwing the medicine bag sparring, etc. His work was a revelation. Langford allowed his sparring partners to hit him just when and where they pleased. After witnessing his exhibition of wonderful foot and head work one could easily understand how the big-little fellow came to lay low the best boxers in the world. Langford is as fast on his feet and as graceful as a ballet-dancer. He carries a punch like unto that of a kick of a mule, and is practically impervious to punishment. Dick Cullen hit him some terrific punches on the chin last Wednesday - punches that would have put the ordinary boxer away for the full count; but the Tar Baby only grinned and shoved out his head for more. He is truly a remarkable fighter."

McVey contracted pneumonia and died December 23, 1921, in New York City, penniless while still an active fighter. His burial was paid for by Jack Johnson. His headstone was paid by Ben Hawes. A special ceremony was conducted by Daryl George at Mt. Olivet cemetery in Queens, NY. [Citation - Ben Hawes - I paid for it, organized it and had his resting place blessed.

Legacy & honors
In 2020 award-winning author Mark Allen Baker published the first comprehensive account of The World Colored Heavyweight Championship, 1876-1937, with McFarland & Company, a leading independent publisher of academic & nonfiction books. This history traces the advent and demise of the Championship, the stories of the talented professional athletes who won it, and the demarcation of the color line both in and out of the ring.

For decades the World Colored Heavyweight Championship was a useful tool to combat racial oppression-the existence of the title a leverage mechanism, or tool, used as a technique to counter a social element, “drawing the color line.”

McVey was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1999.

Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated.

Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column.

Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sam McVey


text:
SPIE

SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering. The society publishes peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference proceedings, monographs, tutorial texts, field guides, and reference volumes in print and online. SPIE is especially well-known for Photonics West, one of the laser and photonics industry's largest combined conferences and tradeshows which is held annually in San Francisco. SPIE also participates as partners in leading educational initiatives, and in 2020, for example, provided more than $5.8 million in support of optics education and outreach programs around the world.

Former names
On July 1, 1955 SPIE was founded as the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers in California to specialize in the application of photographic instrumentation. In 1964 the society changed its name to the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

In 1977 SPIE moved its headquarters to Bellingham, Washington, and in 1981 the Society began doing business as (DBA) SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering to reflect a changing membership. In 2007, the society ended its DBA and is now referred to simply as SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics.

Conferences and exhibitions
SPIE Conferences and Exhibitions connect optical science and the optics retail industry. The society is affiliated with over 140 meetings and events each year.

Publications
The society's first publication, SPIE Newsletter, was launched in 1957. In 1959, the society published its first book, SPIE Photographic Instrumentation Catalog. The newsletter morphed into the society's first journal, now known as Optical Engineering, SPIE's flagship monthly journal. Throughout the years, SPIE has created many publications including journals, magazines, newspapers, websites, and books.

SPIE publishes:
 * Fifteen scientific online journals (open access materials available)
 * SPIE Technical Paper Proceedings (see Proceedings of SPIE)
 * 20-25 original technical books per year via SPIE Press

Scientific journals
All SPIE journals are peer-reviewed.

 * Advanced Photonics, co-published by SPIE and Chinese Laser Press, Advanced Photonics is a highly selective, open access, international journal publishing innovative research in all areas of optics and photonics, including fundamental and applied research.
 * Advanced Photonics Nexus, co-published by SPIE and Chinese Laser Press, publishes novel results of high significance and broad interest in all areas of optics and photonics. It is the sibling journal of Advanced Photonics.
 * Journal of Applied Remote Sensing (JARS) is an online-only, quarterly published journal on remote sensing.
 * Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS) is published quarterly and covers development, testing, and application of telescopes, instrumentation, techniques, and systems for ground- and space-based astronomy.
 * Journal of Biomedical Optics (JBO) is published monthly with the latest on optical technology in healthcare and research.
 * Journal of Electronic Imaging (JEI), co-published bi-monthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes papers on electronic imaging science and technology.
 * Journal of Medical Imaging (JMI) is published quarterly and covers fundamental and translational research and applications focused on photonics in medical imaging, which continue to yield physical and biomedical advancements in early detection, diagnostics, and therapy of disease as well as in the understanding of normal.
 * Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology (JM3) is published quarterly and focuses on lithographic technologies and the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
 * Journal of Nanophotonics (JNP) is an online-only, quarterly published journal on fabrication and application of nanostructures that generate or manipulate light from the infrared to the ultraviolet regimes.
 * Journal of Optical Microsystems (JOM) is published quarterly and contains papers on cutting-edge research of optical and photonic microsystems, from materials and fabrication of micro-optical and photonic components, through assembly and packaging, to systems and applications.
 * Journal of Photonics for Energy (JPE) is an e-journal published quarterly that covers fundamental and applied research applications of photonics for renewable energy harvesting, conversion, storage, distribution, monitoring, consumption, and efficient usage.
 * Neurophotonics, published quarterly, is at the interface of optics and neuroscience covering advances in optical technology applicable to study of the brain and their impact on the basic and clinical neuroscience applications.
 * Optical Engineering (OE) is the flagship monthly journal of the society, with papers on research and development in all areas of optics, photonics, and imaging science and engineering.

SPIE Press
SPIE Press, the only independent, not-for-profit book publisher specializing in optics and photonics technologies, produces print monographs, handbooks, tutorial texts, and field guides, as well as electronic books and apps for mobile devices. Its origins date back to 1989 with the publication of The New Physical Optics Notebook.

Digital Library
The SPIE Digital Library publishes online technical papers from SPIE Journals and Conference Proceedings from 1962 to the present, as well as eBooks published by SPIE Press. There are more than 500,000 articles, with more than 18,000 new research papers added annually.

Photonics Focus
Photonics Focus is the Society's bimonthly membership magazine focused on photonics applications, career development, and the photonics industry. The magazine launched in January 2020 replacing SPIE Professional, which was the Society's quarterly magazine that covered optics industry insights, technology overviews, and career trends. It ran from 2006 through 2019.

SPIE Newsroom
The SPIE Newsroom is a technical news website launched in March 2006. The SPIE Newsroom covers technical developments in optics and photonics. SPIE Newsroom articles are based around 13 technical communities. The communities are Astronomy, Biomedical Optics & Medical Imaging, Defense & Security, Electronic Imaging & Signal Processing, Illumination & Displays, Lasers & Sources, Micro/Nano Lithography, Nanotechnology, Optical Design & Engineering, Optoelectronics & Communications, Remote Sensing, Sensing & Measurement, Solar & Alternative Energy.

SPIE Open Access
SPIE started an open access program in January 2013 to promote knowledge of technology and retail industry developments in optics and photonics. All articles published in SPIE journals for which authors pay voluntary page charges are freely accessible.

Awards
The society issues several awards:

 * Gold Medal of the Society Award (since 1977)
 * SPIE Visionary Award (since 2005)
 * SPIE President's Award (since 1966)
 * SPIE Directors' Award (since 1963)
 * A.E. Conrady Award in Optical Engineering (since 1990)
 * Aden and Marjorie Meinel Technology Achievement Award (since 1979)
 * Biophotonics Technology Innovator Award (since 2013)
 * Britton Chance Biomedical Optics Award (since 2012)
 * Chandra S. Vikram Award in Optical Metrology (since 2009)
 * Dennis Gabor Award in Diffractive Optics (since 1983)
 * Diversity Outreach Award (since 2020)
 * Early Career Achievement Awards (since 2008)
 * Frits Zernike Award for Microlithography (since 2004)
 * G.G. Stokes Award in Optical Polarization (since 2004)
 * George W. Goddard Award in Space and Airborne Optics (since 1961)
 * Harold E. Edgerton Award (since 1989)
 * Harrison H. Barrett Award in Medical Imaging (since 2019)
 * Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award (since 2006)
 * Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award in Photonics (since 2020)
 * Maria J. Yzuel Educator Award (since 2003)
 * Mozi Award (since 2018)
 * Rudolf and Hilda Kingslake Award in Optical Design (since 1974)
 * Prism Awards for Photonics Innovation (since 2008)
 * SPIE-Franz Hillenkamp Postdoctoral Fellowship Award (since 2018)
 * SPIE Presidential Award for Outstanding Student Chapter (since 2022)

title: SPIE


text:
Eddie Constantine

Eddie Constantine (born Israel Constantine; October 29, 1913 – February 25, 1993) was an American singer, actor and entertainer who spent most of his career in France. He became well-known to film audiences for his portrayal of secret agent Lemmy Caution and other, similar pulp heroes in French B-movies of the 1950s and 1960s.

His celebrity and status as something of a pop icon saw him work with prominent arthouse directors like Jean-Luc Godard (as Caution in Alphaville and Germany Year 90 Nine Zero), Rainer Werner Fassbinder (as himself in Beware of a Holy Whore 1971), Jesús Franco, Agnès Varda, Rosa von Praunheim, Lars von Trier, William Klein and Mika Kaurismäki.

Early life
Constantine was born Israel Constantine in Los Angeles, California to Jewish immigrant parents, a Russian father and Polish mother; his father was a jeweler. In pursuit of a singing career, he went to Vienna for voice training. However, when he returned to the United States, his career failed to take off, and he started taking work as a film extra.

Career
Having failed to make a career in the United States, Constantine returned to Europe in the early 1950s and started singing and performing in Paris cabarets. He was noticed by Edith Piaf, who cast him in the musical La p'tite Lili. Constantine also helped Piaf with translations for her 1956 album La Vie en Rose/Édith Piaf Sings In English and so he has songwriting credits on the English versions of some of her most famous songs (especially "Hymne à l'amour"/"Hymn to Love").

In the 1950s, Constantine was a star in France because of his role as the hard-boiled detective/secret agent Lemmy Caution (from Peter Cheyney's novels) in a series of French B-pictures, including La môme vert-de-gris (1953), This Man Is Dangerous (1953), Je suis un sentimental (1955), Lemmy pour les dames (1961) and Your Turn, Darling (1963).

When not playing Lemmy Caution, Constantine would have a character that would still typically be a suave-talking, seductive, smooth guy although he often played that for laughs. He turned his accent and perceived American cockiness to advantage in such roles, and he later described his film persona as having been "James Bond before James Bond". One of his best remembered later roles was as the visiting Mafia boss Charlie in the British gangster film The Long Good Friday (1980), a rare English-speaking role.

One of his most notable roles was in Jean-Luc Godard's Alphaville (1965), in which he reprised (to a more radical end) the role of Lemmy Caution, in a departure from the style of his other films. His box-office appeal in France waned in the mid-1960s. Having remarried to a German television producer, he eventually relocated to Germany, where he worked as a character actor, appearing in German television dramas as well as film. Constantine later claimed that he had never taken his acting career seriously, as he considered himself to be a singer by trade, and that he had been an actor strictly for the money. In 1982 he appeared in Rosa von Praunheim's film Red Love. He nevertheless worked with directors including Godard and Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and his last notable film appearance was in Lars von Trier's Europa in 1991. He had taken up the part of Lemmy for the last time that year, in Godard's experimental film Germany Year 90 Nine Zero.

Personal life
Constantine was married three times: to Helene Musil (1942-1976, divorced), with whom he had three children; Dorothea Gibson (1977, divorced); and the film producer Maya Faber-Jansen (1979–1993, Constantine's death), with whom he had one child. His daughter Tanya (b. 1943) is a photographer. His daughter Barbara (b. 1955) is a writer, his son Lemmy (b. 1957) is also a singer and actor. His daughter Mia (b. 1981) is a theater director.

Death
Constantine died of a heart attack on February 25, 1993 in Wiesbaden, Germany, aged 79. His remains were cremated and remanded to Paris.

title: Eddie Constantine


text:
Talk:Taenia crassiceps

This is not an orphan stub. McDogm7/11/05

title: Talk:Taenia crassiceps


text:
Talk:Nichrome

[Untitled]
Nichrome is not used in dental fillings. Chrome cobalt alloys are used in frameworks for removable partial dentures, but not fillings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BoraBora98 (talk • contribs) 00:44, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

Figures in table of properties
The figures in the table of properties were pretty hard to come by, and seem to show a wide range because of the dependence on physical composition. These figures were converted from selected websites. Perhaps a reference to a proper materials reference manual would be useful at some stage. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.181.52.201 (talk) 07:20, 2005 July 11 (UTC)

Soldering NiCr wire
Is there a technique/process for soldering NiCr wire to another object (e.g. gold plated pad on a circuit board)? The very nature of NiCr seems to preclude solder wetting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.136.201.2 (talk) 19:39, 2006 May 5 (UTC)

 * Nichrome is almost always connected by some sort of mechanically-tight connection such as crimping, riveting, etc or by welding.

 * Atlant (talk) 16:45, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I soldered some fine Nichrome wires to a PCB recently. It required: scraping the wire clean, pre-tinning a length of wire using acid flux, building a solder mound on the copper pad on the PCB, covering the mound with excess RMA flux, then pushing the wire into the mound with a brief soldering-iron push. Still didn't work well, and in fact the wire often de-wetted, un-tinned, spontaneously.  Soldering in an oxygen-free atmosphere would help greatly.  You can see why crimping or welding get used. jimswen (talk) 08:39, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Nichrome heating
Is there any data about the use of nichrome heating, for instance: a nichrome element in the cables of electric kettles, geysers and spiral stove plates? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.209.82.171 (talk) 08:00, 2007 February 7 (UTC)

-someone asked sometime

Good table of the basic application parameter data at http://www.wiretron.com/nicrdat.html. -96.237.8.86 (talk) 23:02, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

And good tables listed here: -71.174.179.130 (talk) 13:07, 19 May 2009 (UTC)
 * http://www.resistancewire.com/Html/techinfo.html Resistance wire technical information tables

Protective layer of oxidation
For heating, resistance wire must be stable in air when hot. Nichrome wire forms a protective layer of chromium oxide.

We need an expert to tell us about this layer of oxidation! Exactly what is it, what are its electrical and thermal conductivity properties, and how to make connections of various types -- solder, weld, crimp, etc -- through it? -71.174.179.130 (talk) 13:07, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Expensive alloy
I was under the impression that nichrome is expensive because of the chromium, not the nickel...  Tobytb (talk) 15:59, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

Units
Should we convert properties to standard units? For example for density it should be in mg/cm3 --JayDub (talk) 17:47, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

Oh please, yes, yes yes! I came here to leave a far less polite comment on this issue. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 105.224.27.187 (talk) 08:43, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Yes, please - 'ohms per foot', that's not useful. --217.228.166.35 (talk) 22:49, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

page or matrix of vendor technical references for alloys?
For alloys such as Nichrome, it seems the best / most-available references are vendor technical data. Different vendors cover different sets of alloys or properties, and Wikipedia necessarily has a growing number of alloy pages. So I'm noticing that it would be difficult to ever finish inserting all applicable refs in all the alloy pages that need them. Is there an indirect or collected way to do it? Such as a page with a table or list of alloy references, each one of which could be easily ref'd in each associated alloy article? --jimswen (talk) 08:52, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

curie point?
does anyone know the curie point of Nichrome-80? I'm guessing it's lower than pure Nickel, like Monel is, but would like a competent opinion 65.118.97.26 (talk) 17:19, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

Lack of photo
After 17 years, there is still no photo in this article to illustrate what nichrome looks like? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 00:41, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Article subjectively gutted? Bring back the property tables
This makes no sense. Removing such important information was "utterly useless." Was this ever discussed, or is this just one user's opinionated culling? Bring back the data tables! 76.180.139.90 (talk) 05:23, 25 March 2022 (UTC)
 * 00:21, 29 November 2020 Thumperward talk contribs 4,390 bytes −13,841  →Properties: kill the tables. utterly useless in a general-purpose encyclopedia

 * I completely agree. For a home-based, retired, but still A RESEARCHER, losing access to physical properties of common materials is a major blow. I can't afford to run to a university library, just to find out the permeability of a material I might want to use in a high frequency circuit. Wikipedia is not JUST an encyclopedia; it is a major reference work for the rest of us! 172.103.222.67 (talk) 19:57, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I would not design a dog house based on only information in Wikipedia. There's a whole World Wide Web, we don't need to replicate every page in the Wikipedia. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:56, 8 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nichrome


text:
Transgender people in Singapore

The history and subculture surrounding transgender people in Singapore is substantial. As with LGBT rights in the country in general, transgender rights in Singapore have also evolved significantly over time, including various laws and public attitudes in regards to identity documents, as well as anti-discrimination measures used by or pertaining to transgender people, in the areas of employment, education, housing and social services, amongst others.

Gender-affirming surgery is legal in the country since 1973, the first country in Asia to legalise it. However, a citizen of Singapore is only able to change their legal sex after undergoing gender-affirming surgery, being physically examined by a relevant practitioner (such as an endocrinologist or plastic surgeon), and being found that genitalia has been completely changed. A change in gender marker applies to most government documents, including the NRIC and passport, only excluding the birth certificate (if the citizen was born in Singapore). In 1996, marriage was also legalised for transgender people.

National service
Transgender individuals who have undergone sex reassignment surgery (SRS) do not need to serve National Service. However due to the difficulty of transitioning early, only a very small percentage of transgender people in Singapore undergo SRS before having to enter National Service. It is possible for transgender people to be exempted from National Service despite not undergoing sex reassignment surgery. However, this is mostly up to the medical-officer in charge and varies case by case. In general, transgender women that look like cisgender women have a much higher chance of being exempted.

Sex reassignment surgery
Sexual reassignment surgery in Singapore are only conducted by approved gynecologists, such as Shan Ratnam. Surgery on genitalia had been done prior to 1971 but only for patients who had both male and female reproductive organs.

The first sexual reassignment surgery, a male to female sex reassignment surgery, was done in July 1971 at Kandang Kerbau Hospital. The person was a 24-year-old Chinese Singaporean and had extensively cross dressed by her grandmother when young and then frequent the transgender scene in her teen years. She underwent psychological analysis by psychiatrists to be suitable for the surgery and legal approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health.

In 1974, Ratnam also headed a team of surgeon to perform the first female to male sex reassignment surgery in Singapore and probably the first in Southeast Asia, was also offered at Kandang Kerbau Hospital and at Alexandra Hospital. A Gender Identity Clinic (GIC) and Gender Reassignment Surgery Clinic were set up at the National University Hospital two decades later. It was headed by Ratnam. For 30 years, Singapore was one of the world leaders in SRS, performing more than 500 such operations.

Transitioning as a minor
Permission from guardians is required for those under 21 to undergo transition, but hormone replacement therapy is not available for those under 18. It should be of note that minors transitioning face challenges in the school system, with a lack of accommodations for issues such as bathroom choice and school uniforms.

Legal reforms
In 1973, Singapore legalised SRS. A policy was instituted to enable post-operative transgender people to change the legal gender on their National Registration Identity Card (NRIC) but not their birth certificates and other documents which flowed from that. There was no specific provision in the statutes which allowed the Registrar to do this, so it existed probably only at the level of a policy directive.

Transgender marriage
Before 1996, Singapore legally did not allow transgender marriage but it was implicitly allowed before 1991. Before 1991, the Registry of Marriages (ROM) only verify the gender of couples based on their legal gender recorded on the NRIC which can be changed after a successful SRS.

In 1991, a woman successfully received an annulment of her marriage with her husband after failing to have sex on their wedding night. Later, she discovered that her spouse was transgender and subsequently filed for divorce. As a response, ROM began requiring couples to produce their birth certificates (of which gender markers are inalterable) during declaration of their intent of marriage. In the aftermath of the divorce, a High Court ruled in the same year that transgender people cannot be married in Singapore.

In 1996, a bill was presented before the Parliament of Singapore to amend the Women's Charter.

The minister moving the bill argued that since 1973, the government's intention was for people who had changed gender/sex to live a life according to their new gender, including the right to marry. Through an oversight, the law relating to marriage had not been re-aligned with the official policy to recognise sex reassignment surgery. In a lawsuit in the courts of Singapore, a landmark case in which a woman sought and won the annulment of her marriage to a trans man (Lim Ying v Hiok Kian Ming Eric), it was necessary to amend the Women's Charter to ensure that the original intent was not undermined.

On 24 January 1996, Minister for Community Development Abdullah Tarmugi announced that post-operative transgender people are allowed to marry opposite-sex spouses.

title: Transgender people in Singapore


text:
User:DavidDumas

Who am I?
I am a mathematician. I am interested in Teichmüller theory, geometric structures, and scientific visualization.

title: User:DavidDumas


text:
User talk:Berlin Stark

Missing image Image:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry juin.jpg
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title: User talk:Berlin Stark


text:
Thirunamam

Thirunamam (திருநாமம்; Tirunāmam) represents the 'Sacred name of God'. The phrase Namam also represents the white clay found at the deeper layer of earth, which is used as the powder to wear a flame shaped mark. The Ayyavazhi people wore this Namam, starting from the central point between the eyebrows, going straight up near the top edge of the forehead.

The flame shape represents Aanma Jyothi or Atman. Which in turn means that, Aatman is considered sacred and as the name of God. Zealous devotees smeared it on the exterior of the upper arms, over the chest and below the spinal cord area at the back.

This white mark was unlike the one worn by a Hindu of Vaishnavism tradition who wore it on the forehead in the shape of 'U', or of Saivism tradition who wore it horizontally as three parallel lines. This Thirunamam is also called as Tottu Namam and Thiruman.

Social synonym
In the nineteenth century Travancore society, the social setup is highly marked for the discriminative hierarchical caste order and the inhumanities unfold from this, such as untouchability, unseeability and unapproachability accordingly some people were shunned from the public approach and sight. This caste based social reality is transformed into a religious institution. The then political faculties duly safeguarded this order. Even in temple the priests while handing over the Prasadam (a ritual object) to devotees after worship, they approach freely with the higher castes, whose nearness and touch would not pollute them, and use to throw the Prasadam on to a platform from where the lower caste devotee (whose touch may pollute him) has to collect this.

In such a social conscience, the alternative form of ritual marking 'Tottu Namam' generated. The very name 'Tottu Namam' says the meaning, 'a mark with a personal touch'. In Ayyavazhi universe primarily, Ayya Vaikundar seems to have personally touched the forehead of followers and worn it for them.

This dimension of personal touch stood out to the public eye and was much appreciated by the then society. It presented itself to be a symbolic site wherein new and alternative modes of social relations were proposed, forged and legitimated. It recast the priest-devotee relationship to bear upon the social reality of the time.

The alternative relationship and close contact brought up by this ritual practice meant a reversal of the hierarchical social relationship and discrimination based on purity and pollution. In other words, with the under-lying ritual ambience, this 'Tottu Namam' acted fast against the caste based and other inequalities prevalent in the then Travancore Kingdom and Tamil society.

Under sociology, the then 'social discriminative force' is termed as the evil spirit of Kali. And this Kali is said to be get destroyed by the ritual practise of wearing 'Thiru Namam'. The break-point of social hierarchy is channeled in a religious way.

Religious understanding
Unlike the social definition for this ritual practice, the religious or ritual importance for Thirunamam fits to all period of time. Sociologically, while this practice is a basic need, to reform a society (19th century Travancore), religiously the same is performed just with a religious belief. The religious definition for the practice 'Tottu Namam' is as The Name of God. The Atman is assumed to be in a flame shape and it as the name of God. That is, the Atman is God and the supreme self.

It was religiously taught that, one who pay extreme belief over Vaikundar will be turned of to the name of God (Atman). And hence the 'purified jeeva' is an Absolute Atman or God. Also the Thirunamam is smeared between the 'central point of the eyebrows' where the Ajna Chakra is situated. This chakra is viewed in relation to the Kali Yuga of the 'Eight yuga circle' as per Ayyavazhi scriptures. Since the present yuga is the Kali, the 'Thiru Namam' or the name of God is to be smeared there in Ajna (place of Kali) for purifying the Jeevas from Kali in order to attain the sacred feet of God. (i.e.)Wearing the gods name purifies the jeevas and transform them to the absolute self.

As a ritual
Presently this practise is considered as the primary ritual to be performed in Pathis and Thangals. Those who 'serve' in every Pathis or Nizhal Thangals, wear this white mark for the people and give a portion of it in their hands. People carry it home as holy object, and some of them even swallow a little of it believing it to be medicinal. The 'Thiru mun' (sacred soil) for preparing the Thiru Namam is collected from Swamithope pathi for Nizhal Thangals after conducting the Pothippu. But some Thangals prepare them as their own.

Akilam, the primary scripture too accredit this ritual practice to be ceremonial and sacred. And it was practiced and treated with high religious importance and as the primary ritual from the celebration conducted in Swamithope pathi even during the period of Vaikundar. The secondary scripture Arul Nool too refers that, Ayya personally touched the devotees and wore Thirunamam for them.

Since Vaikundar used ordinary soil as 'Thiru Namam' during his Tavam (austerity) period, ordinary soil is kept there now in alternative of the white soil in the Vatakku Vasal, where Ayya performed the Tavam.

In Ayyavazhi symbolism
This Thirunaman, a white flame-shaped mark, is treated as the symbol of Ayyavazhi since the 1940s and then the present symbol Lotus and Namam was accepted as the symbol. Even in the present symbol the Thirunamam is used with the same religious definition as the Atman. In Ayyavazhi symbolism this Atman is placed above Sahasrara which is symbolised as Namam above Lotus. It shows that, the Atman reaches the state of supreme self or becomes unified with the supreme Ekam, when it reaches Sahasrara after moving towards the seven other chakras.

Some Nizhal Thangals use this symbol Thirunamam as building architecture. Mostly all Thangals use to mount the symbol at the top either with a lotus or not.

title: Thirunamam


text:
At Close Range

At Close Range is a 1986 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by James Foley from a screenplay written by Nicholas Kazan, based on the real life rural Pennsylvania crime family led by Bruce Johnston Sr. which operated during the 1960s and '70s. It stars Sean Penn and Christopher Walken, with Mary Stuart Masterson, Crispin Glover, Tracey Walter, Christopher Penn, Eileen Ryan, David Strathairn and Kiefer Sutherland in supporting roles.

At Close Range was theatrically released by Orion Pictures on April 18, 1986 in the United States. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, with Penn's and Walken's performances receiving particular praise. Despite the warm reviews, the film was not a box office success, grossing a total of $2,347,000 at the North American box office, earning less than its production budget of $6,500,000.

Plot
Brad Whitewood Sr. is a career criminal and the leader of his family's gang of rural backwoods criminals. Sr's criminal enterprises intersect when his son, Brad Whitewood Jr., a floundering, out-of-work teenager living in near squalor with his mother, grandmother, brother and mother's boyfriend, comes to stay with him. When his father shows up in a flashy car with a pocket full of $100 bills, Brad Jr. formulates a desire to join his father's life of crime. At first, Jr. starts a gang with his brother, Tommy, fencing their stolen goods through Brad Sr.'s criminal network. As a result of entanglements with his 16-year-old girlfriend, Terry, Brad Jr. seeks full entry into his father's gang, but tries to back out after witnessing a murder. Eventually, Brad Jr's gang is arrested while stealing tractors, and the FBI and local law enforcement attempt to lean on Brad Jr. to get him to turn evidence on his father's gang.

During Brad Jr.'s time in jail, Brad Sr. becomes convinced that Terry is a risk to his activities, thinking that Brad Jr. may confide details to Terry and that she has a big mouth. In an attempt to destroy her relationship with Brad Jr., Brad Sr. rapes Terry after getting her drunk and stoned. After a prison visit where Terry, accompanied by Brad Jr's mother, has a conversation with Brad Jr., it seems that Brad Jr. begins to cooperate with the police. The members of Brad Jr's gang are subpoenaed, and Brad Sr. feels his only recourse is to eliminate them. The gang kills Lucas, Aggie and Tommy. Brad Jr. and Terry plan to flee to Montana, but they're ambushed. Terry is killed, and Brad Jr. is seriously wounded. Brad Jr. confronts his father armed with his father's gun, intending on killing him, but decides instead to cooperate with police.

Ultimately Brad Jr. sits on the witness stand in his father's trial.

Cast

 * Sean Penn as Bradford "Little Brad" Whitewood Jr.
 * Christopher Walken as Bradford "Big Brad" Whitewood Sr. (based on Bruce Johnston)
 * Mary Stuart Masterson as Terry
 * Christopher Penn as Thomas "Tommy" Whitewood
 * Millie Perkins as Julie
 * Eileen Ryan as Grandma
 * Tracey Walter as Uncle Patch Whitewood
 * R. D. Call as Dickie
 * David Strathairn as Tony Pine
 * J. C. Quinn as Boyd
 * Candy Clark as Mary Sue
 * Jake Dengel as Lester
 * Kiefer Sutherland as Tim
 * Crispin Glover as Lucas
 * Stephen Geoffreys as Aggie
 * Alan Autry as Ernie
 * Noelle Parker as Jill

Filming
The film, while depicting incidents in Chester County and Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was actually shot in Franklin and Spring Hill, Tennessee.

Soundtrack
Music for the film was composed by Patrick Leonard, who had been working on an instrumental theme for Paramount's 1986 film Fire with Fire, and wanted to enlist Madonna for the vocals. Leonard was turned down by Paramount for that project, but Madonna, who was at the time married to Sean Penn, decided that the theme would work well for At Close Range. She wrote the lyrics and presented a demo cassette to director James Foley, and suggested Leonard compose the film's soundtrack. The theme with Madonna's lyrics became the single "Live to Tell". A slower instrumental version opened the film's main title sequence, a harbinger of the end credit sequence, which was accompanied by the version from Madonna's third studio album, True Blue (1986). Versions of the instrumental show up throughout. The instrumental film score by Leonard remained unreleased until a version of the main titles appeared on the Internet in 2014, although the 7" single of "Live to Tell" included a B-side incomplete instrumental version of the score.

The music featuring in the film included a number of popular songs from the late 1970s, including "Miss You" by The Rolling Stones, "Boogie Oogie Oogie" by A Taste of Honey, as well as a number of arrangements featuring LeRoux.

Box office
The film was not profitable at the box office during its theatrical run. It grossed a total of $2,347,000 at the North American box office during its theatrical run in 83 theaters, earning less than its budget of $6.5 million.

Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, At Close Range has an approval rating of 86% based on 22 reviews, with an average score of 7.2/10. Roger Ebert gave it 3½ (out of 4) stars, noting that "few recent films have painted such a bleak picture of human nature". He described Sean Penn as "probably the best of the younger actors", while lauding Christopher Walken's "hateful" performance.

Awards and nominations

 * Nominated Golden Bear, 36th Berlin International Film Festival.
 * Winner ASCAP Film & Television Music Award – Most Performed Song from a Motion Picture ("Live to Tell"); awarded to Madonna
 * Winner BMI Film & TV Award – Most Performed Song from a Film ("Live to Tell"); awarded to Patrick Leonard
 * Nominated Casting Society of America – Best Casting in Feature Film (Risa Bramon Garcia, Billy Hopkins)

title: At Close Range