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Cold calling

Cold calling is the solicitation of business from potential customers who have had no prior contact with the salesperson conducting the call. It is an attempt to convince potential customers to purchase either the salesperson's product or service. Generally, it is referred as an over-the-phone process, making it a source of telemarketing, but can also be done in-person by door-to-door salespeople. Though cold calling can be used as a legitimate business tool, scammers can use cold calling as well.

Evolution
Cold calling has developed from a form of giving sales pitch using a script into a targeted communication tool. Salespeople call from a list of potential customers that fit certain parameters built to help increase the likelihood of a sale. This modern cold calling, sometimes called "warm calling", tries to "dig deeply to understand" the potential customer.

Criticisms
With the development of newer technology and the Internet, cold calling has gained some criticism. Jeffrey Gitomer wrote in a 2010 article for The Augusta Chronicle that "the return on investment on cold calling is under zero." Gitomer believes that cold calling will only annoy customers and will not attract business. Gitomer also believes that referral marketing is a better form of selling and marketing. According to Gitomer, there are "2.5 basic understandings of a cold call":
 * Cold calling is the lowest percentage sale call.
 * Cold calling has a very high rejection rate.
 * Multiple rejections can change the salesperson's mentality and make it more difficult to act friendly and complete calls.
 * Since the rise of the Internet, social media and instant text messaging, a significant portion of people tends to prefer texting over calling and ignores incoming phone calls from unfamiliar numbers.

Cold calling has also been used by scammers. One such example was when groups of impostors posed as members of the Microsoft support team. The impostors called several homes from a database of Microsoft owners. The Microsoft customers were then told that there was a virus on their computers, and in order to fix it, they had to download a specific program. The program gave access to the computer files for the impostors. Cold calling has been a hallmark in the proliferation of boiler room scams selling fraudulent investment and sports betting schemes from Australia's Gold Coast.

Rules and regulations
Many countries have rules and regulations that limit and control how, when and whom companies can cold call. These rules and regulations are often implemented by government bodies that deal with telecommunication laws in their specific country.

United States
The United States telecommunication laws are developed and enacted by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC aims to "puts consumers in charge of the number of telemarketing calls they get at home". The United States, along with many individual states, have enacted various "Do Not Call" lists. These lists are based on the national US Do Not Call List which was enacted in 2003. Every month, since January 2005, companies are required by law to check the "Do Not Call List" database. They are required to remove the registered numbers from their leads lists. However the "Do Not Call List" has certain limitations. Even if a person is registered for the "Do Not Call List", certain organizations can still call. These organizations include: The FTC has also set certain regulations on when one can be called. Cold calling can only be done in between 8a.m. and 9p.m. The caller is also required by law to tell the customer who they are and what organization they represent. This includes clarifying if the organization is a for-profit organization or charity. The salesperson also must reveal all information about the product they are selling. This means that they are legally required not to lie.
 * Telephone surveyors, charities, and political organizations
 * Organizations that one has had a business relationship with over the previous 18 months
 * Any company one has given written permission

Many other government organizations monitor cold calling within their jurisdiction including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC specializes in monitoring cold calling that deals with stocks, specifically stockbrokers. When investing over the phone, the SEC states that written banking information must be given. This means that an investment cannot be made over the phone.

Restrictions from US on use of artificial intelligence when cold calling
, the FCC has banned the use of AI-generated voices and potentially AI-generated text messages in telemarketing and cold calling, with violations posing significant legal liabilities for businesses who violate the new regulations set forth.

Canada
The National Do Not Call List (DNCL) is administered by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). As with the U.S. version, the rules exclude surveyors, charities, political organizations/candidates, organizations that one has had a business relationship with over the previous 18 months or has otherwise granted permission, as well as newspapers seeking subscribers.

United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has its own version of the "Do Not Call List" known as the Telephone Preference Service (TPS). Any citizen of the United Kingdom can register for the list that aims to eliminate its participants from receiving unsolicited calls from organizations including charities and political parties unlike the United States and Canada. TPS was first enacted in 1999 and eventually saw changes in 2003 that ultimately created the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003. While the TPS prevents unsolicited sales and marketing calls, it does not prevent "recorded/automated messages, silent calls, market research, overseas companies, debt collection, scam calls" according to the TPS website.

In 2012, Richard Herman from Middlesex sent an invoice to a company for the time they had kept cold-calling him. He eventually took the company to the small claims court, leading to the company settling out of court. He had been phoned several times by the company despite being listed with the Telephone Preference Service.

Australia
Australia has its own version of the "Do Not Call List" known as the Do Not Call Register. The "Do Not Call Register" is under the jurisdiction of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) which acts as the supreme telecommunications authority in Australia. Registering for the "Do Not Call Register" prevents telemarketers and fax marketers from contacting registered members. Registration for the program is free and will last for eight years. Similar to other countries, there are exceptions to the "Do Not Call Register". These exceptions include: political parties, charities and educational institutions. The "Do Not Call Register" takes effect 30 days after registration.

Republic of Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, the "National Directory Database" is an index of numbers that cannot be called for the purposes of 'cold calls' and/or sales and advertising. An unsolicited marketing call to a number on the National Directory Database is a criminal offence.

Japan
Some financial products are totally not permitted to cold-call, but the practice is generally permitted within a guideline which requires stating the name of the business, full name of the caller, name of the product and intention of solicitation. There is no do-not-call list. The Japanese government's Financial Services Agency maintains a list of known fraudulent entities involved in financial cold-calling scams.

European Union
On May 25, 2018, the European Union passed the General Data Protection Regulation which imposes obligations onto organizations anywhere, so long as they target or collect data related to people in the EU.

title: Cold calling


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Category:National Pan-Hellenic Council

The National Pan-Hellenic Council is an umbrella organization of international collegiate fraternities and sororities established in 1930.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:National Pan-Hellenic Council


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User:Bovlb/monobook.js

importScript('User:Tra/userwatchlist.js'); //User:Tra/userwatchlist.js

title: User:Bovlb/monobook.js


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George Digby Barker

General Sir George Digby Barker (Chinese Translated Name: 白加; 9 October 1833 – 15 April 1914) was a British soldier and colonial administrator.

Military career
Barker was commissioned into the 78th Regiment of Foot in 1853. He served in Anglo-Persian War of 1856 and in the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and was present at Siege of Lucknow.

He went on to become adjutant of his regiment in 1859. He was then made assistant adjutant and quartermaster-general in 1884. Then in 1874 he was made a Professor at the Staff College and in 1877 Assistant Director of Military Education at Headquarters.

He became Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong in 1890. Under his command, the size of the garrison increased by 50 per cent in response to Governor Des Voeux's concerns about the defence of the colony.

Barker was briefly the acting administrator of Hong Kong between May and December 1891. Upon Sir William Robinson's arrival to serve as Governor in December 1891, Barker recommended an extension of Hong Kong's northern frontier. The proposed new frontier would extend from Deep Bay to Mirs Bay, and encompass offshore islands within three miles of Hong Kong. This new frontier would eventually be realised in the 1898 Second Convention of Peking in which Britain leased the New Territories.

Barker was then appointed Governor and General Officer Commanding of the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, with its large garrison, in 1896 and retired in 1902.

He was colonel of the North Staffordshire Regiment from 1905 to 1911 and of the Seaforth Highlanders from 1911 to 1914.

In retirement he lived at Clare Priory in Suffolk.

Memory
Barker Road, where the Residence of the Chief Secretary is located (Victoria House – 15 Barker Road), on The Peak was named after him.

Family
Barker married twice. In 1862 he married Frances Isabella Murray, daughter of George Murray, of Rosemount, Ross-shire. She died in 1900. They had a son and two daughters. One of their daughters, Helena Barker, married in 1891 Francis Henry May, who would become Governor of Hong Kong from 1912 to 1919. The Helena May Institute was named after her. General Barker remarried on 30 September 1902 Katherine Weston Elwes, daughter of Edward Golding Elwes, of London.

title: George Digby Barker


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User:Walabio/Mirror Universe Timeline

1781	— The newly formed United States of America wins its independence. Over 20,000 loyalists were killed as they tried to flee the country. South Carolina tried to stay with Britain but their entire legislature was hanged as traitors and the colony was reincorporated with North Carolina. The government is similar to our universe but the President is much more powerful. America begins construction of a large army and navy.

1799–1817	—	Napoleon bid his time and then led a coup to seize power in France. Over the next several years he consolidates his power in Western Europe. His follies in Egypt however show that he is not invincible and he is constantly at war with the rest of Europe. In 1803 he sells Louisiana to America and forms a formal alliance against Britain. In his farewell address, President George Washington states that independence must be maintained at any cost.

1812	—	America declares war on Britain, by late 1813 Upper and Lower Canada have been completely conquered with captured soldiers sold into slavery. A few Québécois talk about going back to France but they soon disappear. The British burn Washington, D.C. completely to the ground and attack Baltimore although they are forced to withdraw when General Andrew Jackson's army arrives. Betraying their alliance, America signs a treaty with Britain confidant that they are no longer a threat to America's survival. During this time slavery and the slave trade stayed legal although it is not limited by race.

1817	—	With the vultures circling, Napoleon falls back to France proper and wages a defensive war. When the Prussian, Russian, and British armies converge on Paris; they burn the city although it was mostly evacuated. Napoleon is found outside the city, hanging from a tree.

1836	—	With insistence from the United States, Texas declares its independence and immediately asks to be annexed to the US. Although Britain wants to check American power, they are not going to war over Mexico. Although it takes some time, by 1839 American troops reached the UP border (United Provinces of Central America). It's estimated that over a million Mexicans died as any village or town that resisted was destroyed with the people still inside. The rest of Mexico quickly fell into line and eventually came to be just as ambitious as other states.

1860	—	With the election of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President, six states within the American South succeeded from the Union and form the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861. Called a confederacy, it was really loose union of almost completely independent states with their governors being virtual dictators. A few weeks later, Lincoln declared martial law over the entire continent to quell suspected secessionists movements. The war was over within two years as the Confederacy had split apart and the Confederate states had started looking after their own interests.

Since slavery was never seen in racial terms, there was little discrimination against freed blacks even though they were most of the slaves. Escaped slaves were always local heroes where they arrived as they demonstrated strength and courage, values Americans worshipped.

1863	—	Lincoln has every state level and higher office holder in the former Confederacy publicly hanged. Jefferson Davis is tortured to death on the Mall in Washington. As he is whipping the horses that are about to draw Davis, John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate mercenary shoots Lincoln for having his brother executed for treason. Booth is shot right away and Congress is happy martial law is lifted by his successor.

1864	—	During his campaign, Hannibal Hamlin is found murdered on his train car. William Seward is elected President on an expansionist platform. He signs an alliance with Russia and buys Alaska.

1865–1872	—	Over Seward's next two terms, all of Latin America and most of northern South America is conquered by the United States. By 1870, American ironclad battleships can be seen around the globe and America surpassed Britain in economic production. Prussia conquers the rest of the North German Confederation and although it can't crack Austria, France falls easily and loses a lot of territory.

1873–1877	—	William Tecumseh Sherman is elected President of the United States over his popularity in crushing the Colombian insurrection. His famous pre-campaign quote is "If nominated I will win, if elected I will conquer!" The rest of South America falls by the end of his term and as a celebration he commissions a contest to redesign the flag. The winner designed a red flag to represent the blood spilled to come this far with an outline of the globe centered on the Western Hemisphere. As a personal touch, Sherman adds a sword going through the planet, the hilt appearing to protrude from the North Pole and the point coming out behind the South Pole. The sword he privately stated was "a sign of things to come."

1881	—	The United States participates in the dividing up of Africa (there was no Liberia). Small nations are excluded. The only colonial powers are the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and Italy. Italy just gets Libya; Germany gets East Africa from Tanganyika south to South Africa and all of Central Africa south of the Congo. Britain gets most of North Africa south to Kenya and America gets the entire west coast and east until Central Africa. Ethiopia sees the writing on the wall and quickly grabs Somalia and Eritrea before the other powers move in.

1898	—	President Theodore Roosevelt declares war on Spain for refusing to sell Cuba and its remaining Caribbean territories. By 1900 Spain has lost its entire colonial empire to America and surrenders before they can invade Spain itself. The Philippines loses almost half its population including nearly every Muslim. When this became public, Roosevelt simply stated, "the balance of terror must be maintained."

1902	—	Roosevelt's popularity is soaring, on the day he was supposed to announce his reelection campaign, he instead announced that he is dissolving the United States and replacing it with the American Empire. Troops appear at the Capitol building and with the Senators and Representatives surrounded, they confirm the changes and dissolve themselves. Roosevelt lets them live as a testament to his legality but whenever he hears some grumbling, some of them disappear. Over the next several years, he completely reforms the government. A puppet legislature is placed and Roosevelt can overrule any court ruling. A new Constitution is written which ensures the same rights (in theory) but in practice only lip service is paid to it, however this new constitution does give women the right to vote. The Supreme Court can be overruled by the new Senate (of course all the Senators are appointed by Roosevelt). In 1903 Roosevelt declares himself Emperor but makes sure the position isn't heredity to maintain the illusion that anyone can become emperor.

1904	—	The Russo-Japanese War starts. In the interest of showing the world how the Empire isn't a threat to them, Roosevelt meets with representatives of Japan and Russia in Los Angeles. Upon learning of the strategic situation however, the Empire immediately abrogates its treaty with Russia and makes a deal with Japan, they get Korea and as many Chinese ports they can take while the US get all Russian territories it can take. Russia finally throws in the towel when it hears American soldiers are fishing on Lake Baikal. Half of Siberia is annexed by the Empire and Japan immediately began to cleanse the Korean peninsula of anyone who doesn't convert to Japanese culture.

1912	—	Thomas Woodrow Wilson, stages a coup against Roosevelt, he has a small loyal military unit ambush his hunting party in Africa. Wilson seizes power in Washington and tells the public Roosevelt was killed by a lion. Nobody believes him but that's as close to a peaceful transition of power as they're going to get. During this transitional period, the people of the Empire are still citizens, not subjects. Roosevelt and Wilson set precedents of Emperors behaving like Presidents, not royalty. There are no other 'royal' positions and as no one inherits the office.

1914	—	When the Great War began in Europe, the Empire sides with Germany and Austria. Britain has always been a thorn in the Empire's side and there had been low level skirmishing in Africa for years. As a provocation (Wilson thought he needed one) the Empire sent a lone grain freighter on its way to Germany. Britain sinks it and America declares war on the Allies.

1915–1919	—	The Empire War begins in the Atlantic Ocean and Africa. The world's two strongest empires ignore the other's belligerence and go at each other's throats. Almost every week for two years there was a sailor's body that washed ashore in Massachusetts. The Empire wasn't able to send many reinforcements to Africa but most people there were already assimilated and it was run separately. By 1917 the British Navy was defeated and an American invasion force landed on the island of Great Britain. General John "Black Death" Pershing razed most of Wales before the rest of the country surrendered. In 1919, Germany had finally conquered France who never surrendered. Russia lost a good deal of its territory as well and Italy (who joined Germany) got some of the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire still collapsed with its constituent parts becoming independent. Germany was the big winner, during the war it took control of Austria, which could barely feed itself. After the war, they annexed it along with most of Europe. Kaiser Wilhelm II declared himself the Kaiser of all Europe and renamed it the European Empire. The American Empire conquered Ireland and all British territories except South Africa and Australia which both become completely independent and a small amount of land in Africa that Germany got to first. In Britain itself, anyone who had a royal title was executed along with most of Parliament, much the same happened across Europe. Russia was a shell of its former self, the American Empire though didn't have the troops to send to Siberia and neither did Russia so the border didn't change there. Over the next several years, Russia will fall into the European sphere of interest. Former French territories go to Europe except for their possessions in the Americas, which the Germans let the American Empire have. While this was going on, democracy still exist on the local level in America although political parties have vanished.

1925	—	Most remaining world territory by this time is divided up by the major world powers. Japan evacuates the small enclaves of China as its becoming untenable. They grab some former British territories in the Far East and Taiwan. China, with an unbroken dynastic regime, grabs Tibet and some more territory in the west. Europe gets much of the Middle East except Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula, which go to the American Empire. The Persian Empire, which reformed after the war gets Iraq and Kuwait.

1925–1945	—	Known as the "Time of Peace" as most powers consolidate their gains. Despite the name, millions are killed in forced population movements, exterminations, and assimilations. Basic international institutions pop up mostly in the form of trade pacts. The only independent nations left are Sweden, Norway, Denmark, The American Empire, The European Empire, The Chinese Empire, The Japanese Empire, The Persian Empire, The Union of South Africa, and the Australian Republic, the latter two run by dictators. Also important is a revitalization of interest in classical literature and thought. The term 'terran' is beginning to outpace 'human' when speaking of all the people of Earth. First and foremost still, people are loyal to their governments. Emperors during this period include Huey Long, J. Edgar Hoover, and Joseph McCarthy in America. Fredrick II and Adolf Hitler (via a coup) in Europe, and just Hirohito in Japan.

1945	—	Dissatisfied over Scandinavia's reluctance to integrate further with Europe, the European Empire 'all of a sudden' declares war and invades with other two million troops. The only reason the war took four months was because of guerilla resistance in the mountains.

1946	—	Fearful over Europe's power, Russia and Persia sign a formal alliance.

1951	—	The American Empire secretly detonates a nuclear bomb in the Mojave Desert. After seeing footage, Emperor Patton decides to keep it a secret but continues development.

1955	—	Weary over America's probing in Tibet (part of China) and Kuwait (part of Persia), the two form another alliance focused to counter the American Empire. Emperor Patton is somewhat concerned with this although the two weren't really a threat to him. America forms the North Atlantic Trade Organization, a cooperative venture with Europe to patrol the worlds oceans protecting trade from 'pirates' (more for surveillance).

1960	—	Emperor John F. Kennedy seizes power from the weak and brief reign of Emperor Adlai Ewing Stevenson II. He was most famous for saying, "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us ill will or not, that we are not friends, we will crush all those that oppose us or get in our way. This nation does not have friends, we only have allies and only as long as they are useful." Kennedy uses the increased animosity to start a space race and he commissions the Apollo program.

1967	—	Martin Luther King, Jr. has Kennedy assassinated and he takes the throne. King rehauls much of the American social system and ends what few private charity organizations are left saying, "if they have the money to give it away, they might as well use it to support their country." He taxes them out of existence.

1969	—	Apollo 11 lands on the Moon. According the Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong died when his head hit the bulkhead during the landing in the lunar module. Aldrin is the first man to step foot on the moon and his first words are, "I claim this moon in the name of the American Empire". Naturally other countries protest.

1970	—	In response to America claiming the moon, Australia claims Antarctica. The moon was a political move but most of the Empires had bases in Antarctica and Australia just told them to get out. With his reorganization, Emperor King had almost a million soldiers in the Philippines and a major navel base at Subic Bay. In a nuclear attack, Sydney is annihilated in a mushroom cloud and resistance goes downhill from there. Resistance holds out another year on Tasmania but is soon snuffed out. Antarctica is divided up on the American Empire's terms after that. Within the next 10 years; Japan, Europe, China, and Russia all develop nuclear weapons but America is still two generations ahead of them, they already have ballistic submarines on patrol.

1980	—	Emperor King becomes to first Emperor to actually retire without dying in office or being assassinated. His chooses Jimmy Carter to replace him. Before he ascends to office however, reports surface that he shot two people snooping around his peanut farm. Normally this would not be a problem as most Emperors personally killed many, but these turned out to be just kids. Ronald Reagan used this to his advantage and ascended to Emperor.

1982	—	Emperor Reagan highly publicizes South African atrocities in their concentration camps for political prisoners. South African dictator Nelson Mandela fires back that America does the same in the middle of the deserts of the American Southwest. Reagan finally invades South Africa, although Europe, still with territory in East Africa, protests because of the strategic importance of the cape.

1985	—	After thirty years of uneasiness about the NATO pact, Japan and China formalize an official alliance. This new "Eastern Coalition" realizes it might have the makings of something import and invites Russia and Turkey to join.

1990	—	Emperor Reagan dies of what CIA doctors call a heart attack. CIA director William Jefferson Blythe assumes the title of Emperor soon after. It is curious to note the previous CIA director George H. W. Bush died the same way.

1991	—	Russia and Turkey join the Eastern Coalition.

1994	—	In response to the growing influence of the Eastern Coalition, the American and European Empires form the "Western Alliance".

1995–2053	—	The "Undeclared War" quietly rages across the globe. Over the decades, technology explodes across the globe. Space is a constant battlefield and military science repeats the process of measure/counter-measure over and over again. Each side supplies weapons and armaments to rebel groups within the others borders but all these are harshly crushed. With the backing of the Western Coalition, a group of genetically engineered "Augments" led by a man named Khan Noonien Singh attempt to seize control of the entire Eastern Coalition in 1996. They are quickly defeated, however before they can be executed Khan and his followers flee Earth in a prototype DY-100 sleeper ship. In 2006, Emperor Vicente Fox sparks a major rebellion in Eastern Turkey which spreads to Persia. Russia soon annexes both areas although they are partially administered by the Coalition. In 2025, Empress Elizabeth Cheney manages to bribe several European military figures into launching a coup. After Empress Cheney grabs power, she purges most of the European political establishment and solidifies loyalty. The Russian Empire (the new leader of the Coalition) does much the same in China and Japan although the people are afraid enough to simply let it happen.

2053	—	Emperor Adrik Thorsen orders the assault team of space platform to seize a new advanced satellite launched by the Coalition. The Coalition responds by destroying the space platform. A few hours later nuclear missiles are launched and the world plunges into nuclear war. The Alliance had a good anti-missile system but several nukes still got though destroying several major cities and military bases. The Coalition didn't have as good a system and the Alliance used advanced stealth technology on their missiles. The exchange ended soon after with the Eastern Coalition completely destroyed, having over a billion dead. The Alliance 'won' the war but collapsed all the same. The government of the American Empire still existed but it was severely weakened and over the next several years, several areas formed their own associations while still claiming allegiance to the Emperor.

April 5th, 2063	—	Physicist Zefram Cochrane launched a converted nuclear missile and made humanity's first warp journey. He had to first take control of most of Eastern Montana to secure materials/money and ruled from Bozeman. Later that evening an alien spacecraft landed outside of the town and an alien came out and used a strange gesture in greeting, he also said, "live long and prosper". As a scientist Cochrane was curious and tried to imitate it but couldn't. He then realized he was standing in front of an alien spacecraft that made his look primitive so he pulled out his shotgun and fired at the alien. His bodyguard knew what he was thinking and yelled, "Board their ship, take everything you can!"

The ship's records showed that they were on a deep space patrol and not expected to return for a year. They altered course to investigate warp emanations from our solar system and determine the threat value of our race. Cochrane's team begin immediate development of a new warp vessel incorporating modifications based on the Vulcan design.

In the following months, Dr. Cochrane is able to use his new discovery to take over the American Empire. He then renames it the Terran Empire and declares reign over the rest of the world, which was to devastated to offer any resistance. In fact, many in Asia welcome this new global empire, in hope that it will repair their civilization.

2064	—	Recognizing that the best way to motivate people to pull together was to turn their focus outward, Emperor Cochrane decrees the Terran Space Initiative. Exploitation of the solar system begins to help rebuild human civilization.

2074	—	The first ten vessels of the Conqueror Class, a warp drive starship design, completes production.

2075	—	A fleet of twelve Conqueror Class vessels launches for Denobula Triaxa. The Denobulan government resists their overtures for an alliance, and the fleet begins a siege that lasts only three weeks before the Denobulan government concedes defeat.

2076	—	A Vulcan cruiser enters Earth's orbit, demanding to know what the Terran Empire did to their survey ship. Several Conqueror Class vessels take up position around the warship. Tensions mount and the Vulcan cruiser is fired upon when it tries to escape. Disabled, the ship is boarded, crew captured. Flight data decrypted shows the coordinates for the Vulcan homeworld.

2078	—	A fleet of twelve Stellar Class warships are sent to Vulcan. The Stellar Class features launch tubes that fire thermo-nuclear hydrofusion torpedoes.

2079	—	The Terran Fleet arrives at Vulcan, much to the Vulcans' surprise. Vulcan warships gather to expel the threat, but bureaucratic opportunists on the Vulcan High Command start to see the power that can be formed with an alliance. The Vulcans soon begin sharing various technologies with the Terran Empire.

While on an exploratory mission, the ISS Bonaparte discovers Axanar and it's intelligent, but non-space faring, humanoid race. The Axanar are quickly subjugated and become part of the Terran Empire.

2080	—	A fleet of Terran Defense Force vessels encounter a Tellarite vessel while on patrol in the Vega system. After a brief and incisive attack, the Tellarite vessel is disabled. The Tellarite commander is interrogated and quickly divulges the coordinates of the Tellarite homeworld.

The combined fleet of Terran Empire and Vulcan warships enters the Tellar home system. After a two-week siege, the Tellarites surrender and all of the Tellarite controlled space is annexed by the Terran Empire.

2081	—	An Andorian warship fires on a Terran scout ship. The Terran Empire declares war and masses a fleet. Each battle comes to a draw, with neither side a clear victor. After five months, the Vulcans mediate negotiations between the two foes and logic wins out showing each the advantage of becoming allies.

2082	—	A series of meetings take place on Earth; attended by the diplomats from Earth, Vulcan, and Andor. Talks of a formal unified alliance fails to gain popularity due to disagreements as to how the new alliance would be governed, and by whom.

2084	—	Emperor Cochrane is poisoned. Fleet Admiral Emory Erickson, Commander-in-Chief of the Terran Defense Force declares himself Emperor.

2085	—	During a war games exercise involving Terran, Vulcan, and Andorian warships, an Andorian warship is crippled when two Terran warships collide with it. The incident calls for an immediate and in-depth review. It is found that there needs to be a more centralized command and training structure between the three governments.

2087	—	The Terran Emperor, the leader of the Vulcan High Command, and the Andorian Chancellor gather with the high ranking members of their governments and military to sign the accords forming an official alliance. Each government's ruler will equally rule on a council of nine regents, three from each government. Every three years, the mantel of Prime Regent will be held by one of the three rulers.

In addition, a unified military command is created. Starfleet will consist of officers and warships from all three governments. Each will maintain defense fleets within their home territories, but Starfleet warships and their commanders will have overriding authority. To show solidarity, the Vulcans and Andorians agree to have Starfleet based on Earth, which soon became the military powerhouse of the new Alliance; essentially a planet-wide military base.

To ensure a high standard of training and competence, the Starfleet Academy is organized and built on Earth, in San Francisco, to train all Starfleet officers.

Through a great amount of debate and political maneuvering, the Terrans' own Emperor Emory Erickson accepts the mantel as the first Prime Regent of the Alliance.

2090	—	During a tour of the Terran Empire, the ISS Alliance is attacked by vessels of unknown configuration. The leader of the Vulcan High Command and the Andorian Chancellor are killed in the attack. Emperor Erickson declares martial law until the attackers can be brought to justice.

Protests are raised by the Vulcan and Andorian governments, but are quickly quieted when squadrons of Zeus Class dreadnaughts take up orbit around Vulcan, Andor, and other key colonies and installations. The Zeus Class is the newest warship design out of a secret Jovian construction dock. Some 60 had been built from 2083 and 2090.

There are a number of minor rebellions, which are quashed by either the Terran warships or the MACO (Military Assault Command Operations) shock troops carried aboard. One notable rebellion was on Luna, which led to a Terran warship, bombing a colony there.

2091	—	Emperor Erickson reveals that Starfleet Intelligence has discovered that the Council of Regents had conspired to assassinate the Prime Regent. With this, he disbands the Council of Regents and declares Vulcan and Andor subject worlds of the "mighty Terran Empire."

There are many rumblings by the Andorians and Vulcans of their loss of power, however over the past four years the military might of the Alliance had become centered on Earth. Even the Andorian Imperial Guard was based on Earth, along with numerous Vulcan warships. This enabled the Terrans to seize control of both Vulcan and Andorian warships and equipment, thereby outgunning both the Vulcan and Andorian governments.

2092	—	Extensive deposits of dilithium are found on Rigel XII, held by the Orion Trade Alliance. The Orions are quickly annexed into the Terran Empire.

2093–2130	—	The Terran Empire soon began a policy of promoting the inherent superiority of Terrans. Although officially Vulcans and Andorians are allies to humanity, many Terrans openly regard them and other aliens as nothing more than slaves. During this time, revisionist historians propagate the idea that the first Vulcans to step foot on Terran soil were part of an invasion force and that Zefram Cochrane turned the tables on them. Despite this, many Vulcans, Andorians, Denobulans, Orions, and other non-Terrans attend Starfleet Academy and serve on Starfleet warships.

2130 – Upon Emperor Erickson's death, he is succeeded by his son Emory Erickson Jr. Around this time many Vulcans began an underground movement of idealists which promoted the idea that their species and others were equal to Terrans. A prominent member of this movement was Soval.

2150	—	By this time, the Terran Empire has conquered dozens of species and even launched attacks against several Klingon ships, however the leadership of the Empire under Emperor Erickson II has become extremely corrupt, caring very little for the good of the Empire instead only for their own ambitions. Seeing this corruption as a weakness and vulnerability, Vulcan dissidents incite a rebellion against the Terran Empire. Soon members of other conquered species joined the rebels, such as Andorians and Tellarites.

2151	—	With the rebellion turning into a full-blown war, the Terran flagship ISS Enterprise leaves spacedock. Although the ship could have been Jonathan Archer's, Starfleet admirals conspire behind his back, ultimately giving command to Captain Maximilian Forrest, with Archer as his first officer. The Enterprise would eventually see more battle experience than any other crew in Starfleet.

2154	—	The Tholians detonate a Tri-cobalt device inside the gravity well of a dead star. The explosion creates an interphasic rift, providing a doorway into a parallel universe, but the rift is unstable. It is too dangerous for the Tholians to send one of their own ships through, so they transmit a distress call into the opening, hoping to lure a ship from the other side. Their plan appears to work brilliantly, as the starship USS Defiant from that universe is drawn into the rift.

The Tholians quantum-date a piece of the hull from the Defiant, discovering that the ship is not only from another universe, but also from another time – about a hundred years into the future.

2155	—	Commander Archer buys off one of the humanoids working as an outside laborer for the Tholians. This contact provides Archer with information on the Tholians' activities and transmits images of the docked USS Defiant before his signal is jammed.

There is a battle at Tau Ceti, part of the ongoing war. Things go very badly for the Terran Empire, with Starfleet losing twelve ships, but imperial propaganda conveys the message that the battle went well and that the war may be over soon.

Enterprise leaves Gorlan Station and sets a course to rendezvous with their assault fleet. Soon after, Commander Archer mutinies against Captain Forrest. His goal is to take the ship to Tholian space to capture the Defiant. A captured Tholian reveals the location of the secret facility when Archer and Phlox apply torture. Not before long Commander T'Pol helps Forrest to regain command. But Archer has locked the helm on autopilot with an encryption code and Starfleet Command approves of Archer's mission.

The crew find the Defiant ready to launch in a dry-dock. Archer and a small team beam over and seize command of the Federation vessel. Alarmed by a distress call of the prisoner, Enterprise is soon surrounded by Tholian vessels and destroyed. Forrest dies on the ship, while the Defiant manages to recover a number of escape pods.

A Gorn who was still aboard the Defiant sabotages the ship but Archer hunts down the reptilian. With a vessel more powerful than any other at his avail he intervenes in a battle against Vulcans, Andorians and Tellarites. After a disagreement Archer kills Admiral Black. In the meantime T'Pol, Soval of the ISS Avenger and Phlox forged an alliance against Archer, which was unsuccessful and resulted in the destruction of the Avenger. After this brief power struggle, the Defiant then headed for Earth where Archer was going to declare himself the new Emperor. But communications officer and captain's woman Hoshi Sato killed Archer by poisoning his champagne and, using the firepower of the captured ship, ordered the surrender of Starfleet and declared herself Empress of the Terran Empire to Admiral Gardner at Starfleet Command.

Emperor Erickson II and the officials of his administration were executed soon after.

2156	—	The last members of the rebellion are destroyed by the ISS Defiant under the command of Captain Travis Mayweather. With the threat to the Terran Empire over, Empress Sato ordered a new fleet of ships to be built using the Defiant's design.

Starfleet Intelligence discovers the existence of a race similar to the Vulcans, called the Romulans. The Romulans are a group of Vulcans that escaped from Vulcan refusing Surak's teachings. It was believed that the group had perished, but apparently had flourished and exists peacefully with another yet unknown race – the Remans.

Contact is soon made with the Romulans. Seeing their existence as a threat to the memory of Surak and therefore the whole of Vulcan culture, the Vulcans push for a large-scale military action. Empress Sato grants the Vulcan petition to attack the Romulans. Starfleet warships are supported by a large number of Vulcan vessels in the campaign against the Romulans.

2159	—	The ISS Defiant leads an assault fleet, supported by Vulcan Bird-of-Prey vessels and surprises a Romulan base repairing and refitting some fifty Romulan vessels. Because there were only skeleton crews aboard, most all of the ships are destroyed before firing a shot in defense. Eight Vulcan vessels are destroyed while delivering a deadly barrage of fire to the starbase causing it to explode. This delivers a crushing blow to the Romulan Star League and Vulcans begin to gain more respect from Terrans because of their actions in the war.

2160	—	Admiral Erika Hernandez takes a second assault fleet into Romulan space, with it's target the Romulan homeworld. The fleet lays waste to Romulan defenses during the Battle of Cheron as they forge their way through. In the weeks to follow, the Terran Empire captures increasing amounts of Romulan held territory and colonies.

2161	—	The assault fleet commanded by Admiral Hernandez enters the Romulus system and destroys the remainder of their defense fleet. Pleas of surrender from Praetor Valdore are ignored. The fleet barrages Romulus and within hours, Romulus is a wasteland with over 4 billion dead. Nearby Remus evacuates, civilian transports heading for deep space with Romulan defense ships lagging behind to slow down the Terran and Vulcan warships. Remus is captured shortly after.

2166	—	The new fleet of Defiant-class vessels becomes operational.

2167–2186	—	Terrans begin to change their views of Vulcans, with most no longer regarding them as slaves. Instead Vulcans become known for their ruthlessness, which Terrans admire. This is all in response to how the Vulcans fought in the war against the Romulans.

2186	—	A massive construction program is initiated to produce several new classes of destroyers, frigates, cruisers, and dreadnaughts. This is to prepare for a massive military action against the Klingon Free States.

2194	—	Starfleet Intelligence reports that a Klingon task force, sent to test the strength of the Terran Empire, is underway to the Axanar system. The ISS Valiant is dispatched to investigate.

The ISS Intrepid discovers the buoy-recorder of the Valiant. It is learned that a Klingon task force destroyed it after it's immediate arrival at Axanar.

The Intrepid, commanded by Vice-Admiral Mayweather, disables a Klingon cruiser eight parsecs from the Axanar system. He is joined by a wing of cruisers, and enters Axanar space. He demands the surrender of the Klingon task force. One of the cruisers picks up a second Klingon task force on it's way to Axanar. Vice-Admiral Mayweather immediately executes a tactical plan that results in the destruction of the Klingon task force at Axanar and disables the incoming task force.

Empress Sato declares war against the Klingon Free States.

2195	—	Due to his success at Axanar, Vice-Admiral Mayweather is promoted to full Admiral and given command of the 6th and 8th Fleets. Over the next two years, he coordinates many victories against the Klingons, expanding Terran holdings.

2197	—	Admiral Mayweather is promoted to Fleet Admiral and given command of Starfleet.

2199	—	Due to dwindling resources and losses of territory, the Klingons become increasingly desperate in their tactics, causing further defeats. Soon the Terran Empire warships have located Qo'noS, the Klingon homeworld.

2201	—	The Klingon Free States surrender to the Terran Empire. Klingon space is annexed by the Terrans. Several Klingon Houses, accepting the inevitable, declare their loyalty to the Empress. What remains of the Klingon Naval Forces is commissioned to be the Klingon Defense Forces. Their command officer's are replaced with Starfleet officers, and many Klingon officers are placed on Starfleet vessels for "re-education".

2209	—	Empress Sato contracts a rare form of Rigelian fever and dies within days of contraction. Fleet Admiral Travis Mayweather, hero of the Klingon War, ascends to the throne and becomes Emperor.

2217	—	The ISS Challenger is forced to destroy Vendikar on a first contact mission, when the planet attempts to fire on the ship. Vendikar and its neighbor Eminiar VII have been at war for over 400 years. With Vendikar eliminated, Eminiar VII readily joins the Terran Empire. This is the first time such a drastic action is executed by a Captain without orders from the Emperor.

2218	—	In a highly public trial, Captain John Frederick Paxton III, commanding officer of the Challenger, is defended by Starfleet against the Imperial Council for his actions at Vendikar. Many individuals, including Ambassador Strategist Sarek, argue that it was correct to destroy Vendikar, that in the words of Emperor Roosevelt "the balance of terror must be maintained" when one encounters Starfleet and the Terran Empire. Captain Paxton is returned to the command of the Challenger with a promotion to Commodore.

2229	—	As a gesture of goodwill by Emperor Mayweather, as well as maintaining relations between the Terrans and Vulcans, he awards the hand of Amanda Grayson, daughter of Duke Grayson, to Ambassador Strategist Sarek of Vulcan.

2230	—	The Vulcan Science Directorate engineers a son between Sarek and Amanda, designed to be the first true child of the Empire. He is named Spock.

2244	—	The Conqueror II Class cruiser becomes operational. It is designed to conquer and expand into uncharted territories. One of the firsts, the ISS Enterprise, becomes the flagship of the Empire.

2246	—	Governor Kodos of Tarsus IV is assassinated by a rebel youth gang for his ineptness to handle a food shortage caused by a botanical plague. James T. Kirk, leader of the gang, orders the execution of half the colony to save the other half. The Terran Empire awards Kirk for his expedient actions.

2248	—	Emperor Mayweather dies after ingesting an unknown toxin. Further investigation by Starfleet Intelligence links the toxin to an Orion source. One thousand Orion prisoners are executed. With the support of Starfleet Command, Fleet Admiral John Paxton declares himself Emperor.

2250	—	The ISS Enterprise returns from its shakedown cruise. Fleet captain Christopher Pike is given command after Captain Robert April dies in an unfortunate transporter accident.

2252	—	Ensign James Kirk graduates from Starfleet Academy and posted aboard the ISS Yorktown.

2260	—	Lieutenant James Kirk discovers the Tantalus Field while leading an expedition on a dead planet.

2264	—	Lieutenant commander James Kirk, Intelligence Officer aboard the ISS Enterprise, uses his position to advantage and assassinates Commodore Christopher Pike when he discovers the truth about the Talos IV incident. Kirk is promoted to Captain and takes command of the Enterprise.

2266	—	In the quest to expand the Terran Empire into Gorn territory, Task Force Delta is mobilized with Captain Kirk of the ISS Enterprise commanding the fleet. The fleet lays waste to the Gorn colony on Cestus III. Soon after, the Empire subjugates the Gorn Hegemony.

2267	—	The ISS Enterprise, while trying to "persuade" the Halkans to supply the Terran Empire with dilithium, is involved in what later is coded as the "Mirror, Mirror" incident. All officers are instructed by Intelligence Chief Hikaru Sulu not to speak of the incident.

2268	—	The Guardian of Forever is discovered by the ISS Enterprise after investigating a temporal anomaly. Dr. Leonard McCoy, suspected of being anti-Empire, enters the Guardian and goes back to 1931. He saves the life of an activist named Edith Keeler, who promoted an attack on the European Empire by the American Empire. This changed history by cutting the 1925-1945 "time of peace" short. Captain Kirk and First Officer Spock go after McCoy and allowed the death – restoring the timeline. McCoy is executed for treason.

The ISS Enterprise discovers the SS Botany Bay, which holds the frozen Khan Noonien Singh and his followers that escaped Earth in 1996. Kirk is impressed with Khan's strategic and tactical knowledge and keen mind, and uses his influence to secure a place for Khan in Starfleet.

2274	—	Emperor Paxton passes away from natural causes at a very young age and quite unexpectedly. Fleet Admiral Androvar Drake ascends to the throne of Emperor.

2277	—	Captain Spock is given command of the ISS Enterprise by Admiral James Kirk while it is being refitted. Starfleet promotes Admiral Kirk to Commander, Alpha Quadrant Command.

2285	—	Admiral Kirk is aboard the refitted Enterprise during a shakedown cruise when Captain Khan of the ISS Reliant steals the Genesis Torpedo from the Regula Outpost. His plan is to assassinate Emperor Drake and get payback from earth for his exile in 1996. His boasting to Terran scientist Dr. Carol Marcus of his plans proves to be his downfall. Admiral Kirk is able to force the Reliant into the Mutara Nebula and disables the ship. In an attempt to strike out in vengeance, Captain Khan detonates the Genesis Torpedo, but not in time to destroy the Enterprise.

2289	—	The ISS Intrepid, commanded by Captain Saavik, is destroyed along the edge of Klingon territory, defending Andorian Defense vessels from a rebel Klingon faction. Andor offers to replace the ship and the Empire agrees immediately. The Terran Empire uses the opportunity to fund the development of the Excelsior Class battlecruiser.

2290	—	In the aftermath of the strange and yet unsolved disappearance of Emperor Androvar Drake, Fleet Admiral James Kirk ascends to the throne and renames himself Emperor Tiberius. Thus begins the bloodiest reign in the history of the Terran Empire. Rebellions begin to emerge throughout the Empire.

2293	—	While on tour of the new Excelsior Class Enterprise-B, under the command of Captain John Harriman, Emperor Tiberius mysteriously disappears after the ship encounters what is later termed "The Nexus Band". Fleet Admiral Spock claims the imperial throne, but rather than be called Emperor, takes the title of Intendant.

2301	—	Intendant Spock gives more autonomy to all Defense Fleets and pulls out most of the Starfleet vessels patrolling their territories. He also allows their crews to be wholly Vulcan, Klingon, and Andorian.

2305	—	A rebel faction of the Klingon Imperial Houses, who bore Emperor Tiberius' excesses the most, begin to secretly build up their own fleets.

2327	—	The planet Bajor is discovered and annexed for its placement on the frontier and vast mineral deposits.

2330	—	First contact with the Cardassians. The ISS Excalibur detects and intercepts a Cardassian scout. The ship is able to get out a distress call. Cardassia immediately takes offense and declares war against the Terran Empire.

2334	—	The ISS Stargazer begins its mission of conquest with captain Jack Crusher, commanding.

Starfleet sends the 12th and 23rd Fleets to Bajor responding to reports of a Cardassian fleet massing near there. In what becomes known as the Bajoran Blockade, the Empire loses 27 warships and over 100,000 lives in six weeks.

The Battle of Bajor begins. Within two weeks, the Terran Empire abandons the Bajoran system. The Cardassians build Terok Nor. Over 18,000 POW's are left behind.

2338	—	Intendant Spock and Terran scientist Noonien Soong successfully build an android with the ability to store the entirety of Intelligence and Security data. This android is codenamed "DATA". It serves as an Internal Security Officer on board the ISS Tripoli during field tests.

2344	—	Investigating possible Klingon rebel elements working with the long thought gone Romulans, the ISS Enterprise-C is lost near Narendra III.

2350	—	Klingon rebels, aided by Cardassia, begin to interrupt Terran operations. Intendant Spock reluctantly sends in MACO shock troops to try and quell the rebellions.

2355	—	The ISS Stargazer engages an armed trading vessel when it refuses to be boarded for inspection. The Stargazer is damaged and Captain Crusher is killed when the vessel self-destructs with him on board. Commander Jean-Luc Picard assumes command and reports the incident to Starfleet.

2357	—	The Battle of Orias III brings an end to the war with Cardassia. Unable to push them back, the Terran Empire and Cardassia form the Cardassian Neutral Zone.

2362	—	Recognizing a need for a stronger and more devastating design for Starfleet's flagship, recently relocated and promoted Admiral Montgomery Scott helps to modify the Galaxy Conqueror Class, a design that had been in development but put on hold during the Cardassian War. Admiral Scott was found on a moon where his courier vessel had crash-landed. He and another crewmember had used the transporter buffer to save themselves until a rescue party could find them.

2364	—	The ISS Enterprise-D is launched, first of the new Galaxy Conqueror Class. Commodore Jean-Luc Picard is given command.

2365	—	The rebel Houses within the Klingon Protectorates and the Cardassian Empire enter into a covert alliance led by the House of Duras. Rebel Klingon warships supported by Cardassian vessels begin to attack Terran warships in a bid for their freedom.

2366	—	A vast task force of Klingon and Cardassian warships make their way towards Earth. Intendant Spock is unable to muster a defense. On the Enterprise-D, it is learned that Commodore Picard sold out to the new Klingon-Cardassian Alliance. He was instrumental in locating the Nexus, where Emperor Tiberius had disappeared to. It was Tiberius that helped forge the Klingon-Cardassian Alliance.

Commander William Riker and most of the crew mutiny and Commodore Picard escapes in his Captain's yacht. The Enterprise speeds to Wolf 359 where Intendant Spock has ordered all Terran warships to converge to make one last stand. There the Klingon-Cardassian fleet swept right through them - destroying 39 vessels and losing over 10,000 lives.

The Enterprise-D makes one last stand at Earth, but is destroyed. A few of her command crew escape when they transport onto fleeing ships. The Alliance razes Earth, nothing left to defend it.

2367	World after world joins the Alliance and Terrans and Vulcans become slaves under the bloody fist of the Klingon-Cardassian Alliance.

Escaped refugees hide in the Badlands and begin work to overthrow the Alliance. Intendant Spock sends Commander Riker on a special mission. While conducting it, Riker disappears and is never heard from again.

2370	—	A stable wormhole is discovered near Terok Nor during a crossover incident.

2372	—	Terran rebels steal plans for the USS Defiant using a crossover device. Rebels in the Badlands construct the ship and with the help of the Benjamin Sisko of the benevolent Federation becomes operational and soon captures Terok Nor.

2375	—	Under the leadership of Miles "Smiley" O'Brien the Terran Rebellion captures Regent Worf of the Imperial Klingon House of Mogh. With this achievement, the rebels' march towards victory showed no apparent signs of slowing.

title: User:Walabio/Mirror Universe Timeline


text:
Allianz (arts)

Allianz was a group of Swiss artists which formed in 1937.

The Allianz group advocated the concrete art theories of Max Bill with more emphasis on color than their Constructivist counterparts.

Their first group exhibition, Neue Kunst in der Schweiz, was held in Kunsthalle Basel in 1937 (January 9-February 2) and was followed by a second at the Kunsthaus in Zürich in 1942 and then in 1947 (October 18-November 23). Further shows were held at the Galerie des Eaux Vives in Zürich, starting with two in 1944. The founder and Director of Galerie des Eaux Vives, as well as a prominent founding artist of the Allianz, was John Konstantin Hansegger, born in St. Gallen in 1908.

The Almanach Neuer Kunst in der Schweiz, published by the group in 1941, showed reproductions of their works with those of artists such as Paul Klee, Le Corbusier, Gérard Vulliamy and Kurt Seligmann. The publication included texts by Bill, Leuppi, Le Corbusier, Seligmann, Sigfried Giedion, Gérard Vulliamy and others. Editions des Eaux-Vives Zurich (connected with the Galerie) published important illustrated bulletins of Allianz shows with texts by Hansegger, Johannes Sorge, Max Bill and Ugo Pirogallo.

Allianz exhibitions continued into the 1950s.

Allianz artists

 * Max Bill
 * Camille Graeser
 * Hansegger
 * André Evard
 * Fritz Glarner
 * Max Huber
 * Leo Leuppi
 * Richard Paul Lohse
 * Verena Loewensberg

title: Allianz (arts)


text:
Talk:David Strauss

Views
I haven't read any of Strauss' works, and I'm just wondering exactly what it was he thought about religion on the whole. He obviously rejected the biblical account of the life of Jesus, but apart from that, was he specifically anti-theistic, anti-religious, atheistic, jewish, or what?

 * Here are some excerpts from the editor's introduction to "The Life of Jesus Critically Examined" -

 * "...Strauss set out to write a destructive critique of the biblical and doctrinal views of Christ, which would enable him to abstract the true essence of Christian faith from the religious imagery with which it had been entangled..."

 * "Strauss was, to use Van Harvey's image, a straggler at the edge of the camp of Israel. He no longer could enter the camp of faith and affirm its rites and practices, but neither could he leave it, for he continued to draw spiritual sustenance from it..."

 * ''"Strauss was...a very religious man engaged in an intensely religious quest and struggle...he considered himself a defender of religion against its real enemies, the naturalists and atheists who cut the nerve center of divine

 * "...he became a free-lance theologian who dabbled in biography, in poetry, in philosophy - knowing that he was neither a historian, nor an artist, nor a philosopher. The theologian who cannot abandon theology, yet cannot practice it, is truly the alienated theologian.  It was the lack of a viable vocation that turned Strauss into a bitter antagonist of the Christian faith..." (this last quote describes the latter years of Strauss' life, after all his major scholarly works were produced)

 * Hope that answers your question. Dshin 01:21, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

So, Deist would be a good general descriptor, then? The Gonz 06:00, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I do not think that would be a good descriptor. I think the word deism typically entails a worldview that rejects a priori the notion of God's interaction with the universe.  Strauss, in his scholarly works, is always open to the possibility of the miraculous - he happens to reject each individual instance based on historical/exegetical analysis, not because of some a priori worldview bias. Dshin 06:34, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Bad Paragraph
The second to last paragraph of the section on "Critique" lacks any references, also refers to what appears to be a non-existent work, is badly written besides, appears to be wrong, and adds nothing of value to an encyclopedia entry on Strauss. I think it is a paragraph of "original scholarship" (neither original nor scholarship) and that it taints this entry quite badly.

It should be removed, don't you think? Matthew Baldwin (talk) 03:13, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

If there is no objection, I intend to remove this paragraph. Matthew Baldwin (talk) 07:49, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

I want to clarify that the paragraph (a) is unnecessarily specific and focused on a particular topic of Strauss' Life of Jesus, and in this respect rather resembles the content of an (undergraduate) paper; (b) it makes reference to an unattributed work Demythologization that appears to be in error; (c) there appears to be no reason to focus on this particular element of critique, as it does not inform the reader of a specific critic's views, but rather offers a personal (and erroneous) criticism of a view attributed to Strauss, which is also without citation to Strauss' work. This is clearly "original research" and violates Wikipedia's standards and policies. Matthew Baldwin (talk) 07:53, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

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Lord Shaftesbury
The claim stated here is factually inaccurate:

"The Earl of Shaftesbury called the 1846 translation by Marian Evans "the most pestilential book ever vomited out of the jaws of hell."[6][7][8][9]"

As I point out in my book Victorian Jesus, which is inexplicably cited as evidence here, Lord Shaftesbury made this statement about John Seeley's anonymous book, Ecce Homo. I've deleted the statement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:E4FD:E201:4CC9:C0BD:BD95:CA47 (talk) 02:23, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Your complaint seems to be correct. None of the four references seems to back up the statement, and I can see primary evidence from 1866 that Shaftesbury's remark was made about 'Ecce Homo'. (E.g. https://archive.org/details/sim_saturday-review-uk_the-saturday-review_1866-05-19_21_551/page/586/mode/2up). Also, I see that the user account by which your deletion of the incorrect statement was reverted has now been blocked. So I'm deleting it again. Unfortunately this piece of misinformation seems to have spread widely in the world. Mrmedley (talk) 04:59, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Strauss


text:
Talk:Ferndale, Washington

Untitled
This article indicated interesting information, but omitted a couple of important facts: I went to grade school there, and Paul (4/11) still doesn't know what we are playing.

I LOVE FERNDALE
I love Ferndale! I live there. Eagles rock! We won the state football championship 2005! Yesss!!! go eagles!

CONSERVATIVE?
any info on whether this town is more conservative or liberal by american standards?

First, one must define American standards; seems to me to be rather subjective. That being said, I live here and would say in my opinion to be moderate to conservative and very open minded.

Yes, Ferndale's moderate-to-conservative, but I'd barely say open-minded. It's definitely Whatcom County's swing-district.

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title: Talk:Ferndale, Washington


text:
Sun Blade (workstation)

The Sun Blade series is a computer workstation line based on the UltraSPARC microprocessor family, developed and sold by Sun Microsystems from 2000 to 2006. The range replaced the earlier Sun Ultra workstation series.

The Sun Blade 1000, introduced in October 2000, was the first system to use Fireplane as the interconnect between its single or dual processors and the I/O subsystem, a few months ahead of its use in the new Sun Fire server product line.

The 1500/2500 series came in two variants, the earlier "red" series, and the later "silver" series. The "silver" series were enhanced versions of the "red" series - a faster CPU being the key differentiator.

The Sun Blade series was supplanted by the Sun Java Workstation line in 2004.

The product line's name was not a reference to "blade server" systems, a term not yet in common use in 2000. In 2006, Sun did introduce an unrelated "Sun Blade" blade server product line.

title: Sun Blade (workstation)


text:
Operation Safehaven

Operation Safehaven was a fifteen-month investigation conducted by the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement ("ICE") in conjunction with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Connecticut and the Department of Justice against those affiliated with the warez scene.

In April 2003, over twenty search warrants were simultaneously executed, resulting in the seizure of dozens of computers and file servers, including what the United States government reported as "the largest warez site ever seized in the United States to date."

Cases
U.S. v. Myers et al. (D. Conn.)

Travis Myers, 29, of Yakima, Washington; Terry Katz, 26, of Yorktown Heights, New York; Walter Kapechuk, 55, of Schenectady, New York; and Warren Willsey, 53, of East Berne, New York, all waived indictment and pleaded guilty to charges of Conspiracy to Commit Criminal Copyright Infringement on October 2, 2003. These were the first convictions stemming from the operation. Myers admitted to being a courier and a member of several leading warez groups, including "DrinkOrDie." Katz admitted to being a site operator. Kapechuk admitted to running a site at SUNY Albany. Willsey admitted to assisting Kapechuk. All but Willsey faced maximum sentences of five years. Willsey faced a maximum sentence of one year.

U.S. v. Singh (D. Conn.)

Manpreet Singh, 22, of Middleburg Heights, Ohio, pleaded guilty to the charge of conspiracy to commit criminal copyright infringement on February 20, 2004. He admitted to being a courier for the groups "We Love Warez" ("WLW") and "pHASE." The maximum sentence is five years in prison. He was scheduled to be sentenced in May, 2004.

U.S. v. Perello (E.D. Tex.)

Pleaded guilty to a single count of conspiracy to commit criminal copyright infringement on November 21, 2005.

U.S. v. Pine (D. Conn.)

Pleaded guilty to a single count of conspiracy to commit criminal copyright infringement on November 22, 2005.

U.S. v. Brink (D. Me.)

Kurt M. Brink, 25, of Portland, Maine, pleaded guilty on September 8, 2005 to conspiring to commit criminal copyright infringement. Sentenced to three years of probation, ordered to perform 300 hours of community service, and to pay a fine in the amount of $6,000 on December 12, 2005.

U.S. v. Carter (N.D. Cal.)

Pleaded guilty to a single count of conspiracy to commit criminal copyright infringement on December 12, 2005.

U.S. v. Szoke (D. Conn.)

Carole Szoke, 62, of Nazareth, Pennsylvania, pleaded guilty on September 27, 2005. Sentenced to three years of probation, ordered to perform 312 hours of community service, and to pay a fine in the amount of $2,000 on December 22, 2005.

title: Operation Safehaven


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Felix Madrid

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 18:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Felix Madrid
Vanity. Not sure why this article's history indicates that I created this page. I certainly didn't.... PhilipO 04:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable. Hamster Sandwich 04:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/African Americans in the United States Congress (0th nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep --—jiy (talk) 11:35, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

African Americans in the United States Congress

 * Wikipedia does not include articles of loosely associated topics. The property of being African-American and the property of being in Congress have no connection; this article is useless and nonencyclopedic. Delete it. 64.109.253.204 04:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, since the strugle for African Americans to even get to Congress in the early days need to documented. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 04:16, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. That could be included as a sentence then in an article about African-Americans, but the fact is African-Americans and Congressmen have no connection so there should not be an article associating the two. 64.109.253.204 04:19, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, they do. The article lists that once African Americans were able to go to Congress, their election depended on where they were located, the motivations behind the Congressmen and also political affliations. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 04:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Interesting article. Why shouldn't we? Being black and being in congress may not be connected but you have to say it was a struggle for them to get there. Getting rid of this is kinda like getting rid of an article about women's suffrage. Being a woman and voting aren't connected either. Redwolf24 04:26, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Should there then be an article about every struggle? 64.109.253.204 04:29, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Imagine if you merged everything that happened to African American and American Women into an article about American struggles. That will get quite long, and many people will not see the article due to size length. So, you branch off the article into sub-articles (Desegregation of American Schools, Women's Sufferage Movement, Civil Rights Movement, Equal Rights Amendment). That is all this article is: focusing on one aspect of the strugle of African Americans to achieve parity in the United States. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 04:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Keep 64.109.253.204 has clear bias against multi-racial categories and articles, as displayed in their contribs. These articles are important part of history for all peoples.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  04:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Who, that is just not true and I wish for you to apologize. 64.109.253.204 04:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * (Comments taken to user talk page) With the set of recent Vfd/Cfd's, they seemed to fit a certain profile, even with the given reasoning, such articles as this have very high historic value. In order to keep from making the same mistakes in the future, we have to have good records of the past, even if they contain segregated society. There was no miscontent meant towards 64.109.253.204.   ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  04:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Only nominated because 64.109.253.204 has failed to read and understand WP:POINT, and is offended because an article of his is on VfD right now. Thus he has chosen to disrupt Wikipedia to prove a point.—chris.lawson (talk) 04:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Clawson has no knowledge as to why I created this vote for deletion. This article was brought to my attention and it did not make sense, the VfD comments from one of my article seemed to make more sense for this article than my article, so I put a VfD here. 64.109.253.204 04:38, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Normally I'd agree with the nominator's rationale, but this specific intersection of political office and race is extremely historically significant, has been the focused topic of volumes of academic work, and continues to be the subject of court cases over legislative redistricting based on racial divisions.  Postdlf 04:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep obviously, quite a good artice, suspect bad faith nomination. One point: was there ever a constitutional bar at federal level on AAs sitting in Congress (maybe some state laws prevented it)? PatGallacher 12:03, 2005 July 24 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's a good article, it's been around for a year and a half, and the topic of racial minority representation in government is a legitimate one. Bad faith nomination in the extreme. --PHenry 20:22, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - but give it a better (shorter) name. -- The Time Killer
 * Keep, no reason for this to have been nominated for deletion. Xaa 23:18, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * What are you talking about Xaa? I gave a reason. Did you not even read this? 64.108.212.56 01:19, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment These topics are important. After coming across this VfD and noticing similar pages for other minorities were absent, I started Asian Pacific Americans in the United States Congress and Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus so that there is a more balanced documentation of minorities in the U.S. Congress. A similar page for Hispanics should be created. —jiy (talk) 11:24, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Nikchen

Hi, my name is Nik Chen, I ran into this site a while ago, and just recently joined. Hopefully, I will be able to contribute in a positive manner.

I am in college with a major in finance/accounting.

title: User:Nikchen


text:
User talk:Nikchen

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Nikchen