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Talk:SF

Removed from dab-page because the target article does not exist

 * Super Fitness (the logo also used these two letters)

Removed from dab-page because the indirect target article does not mention the target

 * "Special Force's CPU", a rare implant in the Neocron massively multiplayer online role-playing game

What about...
Starfire? should i add Starfire? i know its not extremely common, but fans of TT use it all the time, methinks.

Square Footage
I'll not edit the actual page, because every time I try to edit Wikipedia, I get something wrong and get it reverted.

I just got an e-mail using SF for square footage. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 162.255.191.50 (talk) 14:45, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:SF


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Arsenate

The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO4(3-). Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.

Natural occurrence
Arsenates occur naturally, in hydrated and anhydrous form, in a variety of minerals. Examples of arsenate-containing minerals include adamite, alarsite, annabergite, erythrite and legrandite. When two arsenate ions balance the charge in a formula, it is called diarsenate for example zinc diarsenate, Zn3(AsO4)2.

Uses
Arsenate-based pesticides such as lead hydrogen arsenate were commonly used until their replacement by newer pesticides such as DDT and subsequent ban by multiple regulatory bodies due to health concerns.

Transition metal arsenate compounds are often brightly coloured and have been used to make pigments. Copper arsenate was a minor compound used in the Egyptian blue pigment used by the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Cobalt violet pigment was made from cobalt arsenate before its toxicity led to its replacement by cobalt phosphate.

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been a widely used wood preservative since the 1930s. Safety concerns have led to the phasing out of CCA-treated wood for residential projects in many countries. CCA remains a common and economical treatment choice for non-residential uses such as agriculture.

Speciation
Depending on the pH, arsenate can be found as trihydrogen arsenate (that is arsenic acid H3AsO4), dihydrogen arsenate (H2AsO4-), hydrogen arsenate (HAsO4(2-)), or arsenate (AsO4(3-)). Trihydrogen arsenate is also known as arsenic acid. At a given pH, the distribution of these arsenate species can be determined from their respective acid dissociation constants.
 * H3AsO4 + H2O ⇌ H2AsO4− + [H3O]+(pKa1 = 2.19)
 * H2AsO4− + H2O ⇌ HAsO4(2−) + [H3O]+(pKa2 = 6.94)
 * HAsO4(2−) + H2O ⇌ AsO4(3−) + [H3O]+(pKa3 = 11.5)

These values are similar to those of phosphoric acid. Hydrogen arsenate and dihydrogen arsenate predominate in aqueous solution near neutral pH.

The reduction potential (pe) of a solution also affects arsenate speciation. In natural waters, the dissolved oxygen content is the main factor influencing reduction potential. Arsenates occur in oxygenated waters, which have a high pe, while arsenites are the main arsenic species in anoxic waters with a low pe.

A Pourbaix diagram shows the combined influence of pH and pe on arsenate speciation.

Contamination
Arsenates, along with arsenites, are a significant source of contamination in some natural water sources and can lead to arsenic poisoning with repeated exposure. Countries with high levels of arsenic minerals in sediment and rock, such as Bangladesh, are especially at risk of arsenate contamination.

Arsenate poisoning
Arsenate is harmful to humans and animals as it interferes with the normal functioning of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Arsenate replaces inorganic phosphate in the step of glycolysis that produces 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. This yields 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate instead, which is unstable and quickly hydrolyzes, forming the next intermediate in the pathway, 3-phosphoglycerate. Therefore, glycolysis proceeds, but the ATP molecule that would be generated from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is lost – arsenate is an uncoupler of glycolysis, explaining its toxicity.

As with other arsenic compounds, arsenate binds to lipoic acid, inhibiting the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, blocking the Krebs cycle and therefore resulting in further loss of ATP.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arsenate


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Black bean paste

Black bean paste, commonly called dòushā or hēidòushā, is a sweet bean paste often used as a filling in cakes such as mooncakes or doushabao in many Chinese and Taiwanese cuisines.

Black bean paste is made from pulverized mung beans, combined with potassium chlorate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate crystal (which in Indonesia is known as tawas hijau, or "green crystal"), or black food colouring.

Black bean paste is similar to the more well-known red bean paste. The recorded history of black bean paste goes as far back as the Ming Dynasty.

title: Black bean paste


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Authorized marches of the Canadian Armed Forces

The following is a list of the notable authorized marches  for various organisations of the Canadian Armed Forces. The first march listed is the march most commonly performed for that organisation on parade; it is commonly referred to simply as that organisation's "march" or "march past". In addition, many organisations also have additional pieces for slow marches, marches for mounted parades, pipe marches, etc.; they are subsequently listed and footnoted as applicable.

Within each grouping, the organisations are listed in their order of precedence, i.e. the order the organisations would march on parade and the order the marches would be played.

Military colleges

 * Royal Military College of Canada - "Precision" composed by Madame Denise Chabot (wife of head of French department); For pipe band: "Alexander Mackenzie" was composed by Pipe Major Don M. Carrigan, who was the College Pipe Major 1973 to 1985
 * Royal Military College Saint-Jean - "La marche du Richelieu" composed by Madame Denise Chabot (wife of head of French department); Slow march: La Gaillarde

Commands

 * Royal Canadian Navy - "Heart of Oak"
 * Canadian Army - "The Great Little Army"
 * Royal Canadian Air Force - "RCAF March Past"
 * Joint Task Force (North) - "Canada North"

Formations

 * Defence Information Services Organisation - "Communications"
 * 1st Canadian Division - "Vimy Ridge"
 * 2nd Canadian Division - "Carillon"
 * 3rd Canadian Division - "Invercargill"
 * 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group - "Sons of the Brave"
 * 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group - "Allons-y"
 * 32 Canadian Brigade Group - "Minstrel Boy"
 * 33 Canadian Brigade Group - "Killaloe"
 * 34 Canadian Brigade Group - "Aida"
 * 35 Canadian Brigade Group - "Le Pays"
 * 38 Canadian Brigade Group - "March Past of 38 Brigade"
 * 39 Canadian Brigade Group - "Splendor Sine Occasu"
 * 41 Canadian Brigade Group - "Alberta Bound"
 * Canadian Forces Recruiting, Education and Training System - "Century of Progress"

Personnel branches

 * Naval Operations Branch – "Heart of Oak"
 * Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery – "British Grenadiers" (2); "Royal Artillery Slow March" (3); "Keel Row" (4); Royal Canadian Horse Artillery only – "Bonnie Dundee" (5)
 * Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – "My Boy Willie"
 * Canadian Military Engineers – "Wings"
 * Communications and Electronics Branch – "The Mercury March"
 * Royal Canadian Corps of Signals - "Begone Dull Care"
 * Joint Signal Regiment – "Corps March of the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals" ("Begone Dull Care")
 * Royal Canadian Infantry Corps – "The Canadian Infantryman"
 * Air Operations Branch – "RCAF March Past"
 * Royal Canadian Logistics Service – "March of the Logistics Branch"
 * Royal Canadian Medical Service – "The Farmer's Boy"
 * Royal Canadian Dental Corps – "March Past of the Royal Canadian Dental Corps"; "Greensleeves" (3)
 * Corps of Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers – "REME Corps March Past" (Both "Lillibullero" and "Auprès de ma blonde" should be played); "The Craftsman" (3)
 * Royal Canadian Chaplain Service – "Ode to Joy"
 * Canadian Forces Military Police – "Thunderbird"
 * Legal Branch – "Hymn to Freedom"
 * Music Branch – "None authorized. Provides music to the Canadian Forces "
 * Personnel Selection Branch – "Semper Intellegere" ("Rondo Sentimentale")
 * Training Development Branch – "Salut"
 * Public Affairs Branch – "Liberty Bell"
 * Intelligence Branch – "E Tenebris Lux" (an arrangement of Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik)
 * Canadian Intelligence Corps - Silver and Green
 * Cadet Instructor Cadre – "La Feuille d'érable"

Armoured regiments

 * The Royal Canadian Dragoons - "Monsieur Beaucaire" (7); "Light of Foot" (8)
 * Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) - "Soldiers of the Queen"
 * 12e Régiment blindé du Canada - "Marianne s'en va-t-au moulin"; "Quand vous mourrez de nos amours" (3)
 * The Governor General's Horse Guards - "Men of Harlech" ; "Keel Row" (4) ; "Bonnie Dundee" (5)
 * 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) - "The Galloping 8th Hussars"; "The 8th Hussars" (tune "Road to the Isles") (3)
 * The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) - "John Peel"
 * The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC) - "Braganza"
 * Sherbrooke Hussars - "Regimental March of the Sherbrooke Hussars"
 * 12e Régiment blindé du Canada (Milice) - see 12e Régiment blindé du Canada, above
 * 1st Hussars - "Bonnie Dundee"
 * The Prince Edward Island Regiment (RCAC) - "Old Solomon Levi"
 * The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal) - "Men of Harlech" and "St. Patrick's Day"
 * The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) - "I'm Ninety-Five"
 * The South Alberta Light Horse - "A Southerly Wind and a Cloudy Sky"
 * The Saskatchewan Dragoons - "Punjaub"
 * The King's Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) - "Colonel Bogey"
 * The British Columbia Dragoons - "Fare Ye Well Inniskilling (5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards)"; "Scotland the Brave" (1)
 * The Fort Garry Horse - "El Abanico" and "St. Patrick's Day"; "Red River Valley" (3)
 * Le Régiment de Hull (RCAC) - "La Marche de la victoire"
 * The Windsor Regiment (RCAC) - "My Boy Willie"

Artillery regiments

 * 42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA - for military band, see Artillery marches; else, "Highland Laddie" (1)
 * 49th Field Artillery Regiment, RCA - for military band, see Artillery marches; else, "A Hundred Pipers" (1)

Infantry regiments

 * The Royal Canadian Regiment - "The Royal Canadian Regiment" (also published under the title "St. Catharines"); "Pro Patria" (3)
 * Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry - Medley of: "Has Anyone Seen the Colonel", "Tipperary" and "Mademoiselle from Armentières"; "Lili Marlene" (3)
 * Royal 22e Régiment - "Vive la Canadienne"; "Marche lente du Royal 22e Régiment" (also published under the title "La prière en famille") (3)
 * Governor General's Foot Guards - "Milanollo"; "Figaro" (3)
 * The Canadian Grenadier Guards - "British Grenadiers"; "Slow march from Scipione" (3)
 * The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada - "The Buffs" and "The Maple Leaf Forever"; "Money Musk" (6)
 * The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada - "Highland Laddie"; "The Red Hackle" (3)
 * Les Voltigeurs de Québec - "Les Voltigeurs de Québec"
 * The Royal Regiment of Canada - "British Grenadiers" followed by "Here's to the Maiden"
 * The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) - "The Mountain Rose"
 * The Princess of Wales' Own Regiment - "The Buffs"
 * The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment - "I'm Ninety-Five"
 * The Lincoln and Welland Regiment - "The Lincolnshire Poacher"
 * 4th Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment - See Royal Canadian Regiment, above
 * The Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada - "Highland Laddie" and "seann triubhas"
 * The Grey and Simcoe Foresters - "The 31st Greys"
 * The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) - "The Campbells Are Coming" and "John Peel"
 * The Brockville Rifles - "Bonnie Dundee"
 * The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders - "Bonnie Dundee"
 * Les Fusiliers du St-Laurent - "Rêves Canadiens"
 * Le Régiment de la Chaudière - "Le Régiment de Sambre et Meuse" and "The Longest Day"
 * 4e Bataillon, Royal 22e Régiment (Châteauguay) - See Royal 22e Régiment, above
 * 6e Bataillon, Royal 22e Régiment - See Royal 22e Régiment, above
 * Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal - "The Jockey of York"
 * The Princess Louise Fusiliers - "British Grenadiers"
 * The Royal New Brunswick Regiment - "A Hundred Pipers" followed by "The Old North Shore"
 * The West Nova Scotia Regiment - "God Bless the Prince of Wales"; "The Garb of Old Gaul" (3)
 * The Nova Scotia Highlanders - "The Sweet Maid of Glendaruel"; 1st Battalion: "The Atholl Highlanders" and "The Piobaireachd of Donald Dhu"
 * Le Régiment de Maisonneuve - "Le Régiment de Sambre et Meuse"
 * The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own) - "The Piobaireachd of Donald Dhu" and "March of the Cameron Men"
 * The Royal Winnipeg Rifles - "Old Solomon Levi" ("Pork, Beans and Hard Tack"); "Keel Row" (6)
 * The Essex and Kent Scottish - "Highland Laddie" and "A Hundred Pipers"
 * 48th Highlanders of Canada - "Highland Laddie"
 * Le Régiment du Saguenay - "Le Régiment du Saguenay"
 * Cape Breton Highlanders - "Highland Laddie"
 * The Algonquin Regiment (Northern Pioneers) - "We Lead, Others Follow"
 * The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) - "The Campbells Are Coming"
 * The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment - "Highland Laddie"
 * North Saskatchewan Regiment - "The Jockey of York"; "The Meeting of Waters" (1)
 * The Royal Regina Rifles - "Lutzow's Wild Hunt"; "Keel Row" (6)
 * The Rocky Mountain Rangers - "The Meeting of the Waters (march)"
 * The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry) - "Bonnie Dundee"
 * The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada - "The Piobaireachd of Donald Dhu" and "March of the Cameron Men"
 * The Royal Westminster Regiment - "The Maple Leaf Forever'
 * The Calgary Highlanders - "Highland Laddie" and "Blue Bonnets Over the Border"
 * Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke - "Queen City"
 * The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada - "The Piobaireachd of Donald Dhu"
 * The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) - "Blue Bonnets Over the Border"
 * The Royal Montreal Regiment - "Ça ira"
 * The Irish Regiment of Canada - "Garryowen"
 * The Toronto Scottish Regiment - "Blue Bonnets Over the Border"
 * Royal Newfoundland Regiment - "The Banks of Newfoundland"
 * Canadian Rangers - "Vigilans"

Miscellaneous organisations
Note: These organisations are NOT in order of precedence.
 * Canadian Forces Base Montreal - "Servir"
 * Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre - "The Longest Day"
 * Royal Canadian Sea Cadets - "Heart of Oak"
 * Royal Canadian Army Cadets - "Cadet", "Scotland the Brave" or the authorised march of the affiliated CF unit
 * Royal Canadian Air Cadets - "RCAF March Past"

Former organisations

 * Royal Roads Military College - "Hatley Park"; Slow march "Going Home"
 * The Canadian Guards - Quick march: "The Standard of St. George," slow march: "From Sea To Sea."
 * The Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps - "The Village Blacksmith"
 * The Royal Canadian Army Service Corps - "Wait for the Wagon"
 * The Canadian Airborne Regiment - "The Longest Day" or originally "Canada (song)" which was called Canadian Airborne

"The 10 Provinces March"
"The 10 Provinces March" is an arrangement of folk tunes composed by Howard Cable (1920–2016). It was first composed in 1986 as a result of a special commission by the government. The march is performed every day during the Changing of the Guard Ceremony on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. It is heard immediately as the new guard and the Band of the Ceremonial Guard arrives on the hill at exactly 10 a.m. The piece includes the melodies of 10 provincial songs:

 * Newfoundland: "The Ryans and the Pittmans"
 * Prince Edward Island: "Anne of Green Gables"
 * Nova Scotia: "Farewell to Nova Scotia"
 * New Brunswick: "Peter Emberley"
 * Quebec: "Bonhomme, Bonhomme / Cadet Rousselle"
 * Ontario: "Maple Leaf Forever"
 * Manitoba: "Red River Valley"
 * Saskatchewan: "Saskatchewan Hymn"
 * Alberta: "Alberta Bound"
 * British Columbia: "Way Up the Ucletaw"

"Vimy Ridge"
"Vimy Ridge" is a military march of British origin written by Thomas Bidgood in 1921. It commemorates the 1917 Battle of Vimy Ridge during the First World War. The march is usually played on special occasions which commemorate the battle, such as Vimy Ridge Day. Vimy Ridge serves as the official regimental marchpast for the 1st Canadian Division.

The march was used by the Massed Bands of the British Household Division as the second neutral quick march during the Trooping the Colour ceremony in 2014. It also served as the quick march of the Ceremonial Guard before the playing of "Milanollo" during the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Ottawa during Canada Day in 2010.

"Canada Overseas"
"Canada Overseas" by James Gayfer is a march written in 1954 which honours Canada's Western European presence since the Second World War. It also alludes to the country's contribution to the founding and development of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).


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The 101 Ranch

The 101 Ranch written by Ellsworth Collings in collaboration with Alma Miller England, narrates the history of the famed Miller Brothers 101 Ranch, the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show, and the Miller family who founded and operated both the ranch and the show. The 101 Ranch Wild West Show was one of the last of the large Wild West shows. The history spans from 1841, Col. George Washington Miller Jr.'s birth, until 1936, when the last piece of property was auctioned off following the economic downturn of 1929. At its height, the ranch encompassed more than 110,000 acre in parts of Noble, Pawnee, Osage, and Kay counties in north central Oklahoma. The appendices list the legal description of the land owned by the ranch as well as its Indian leases. The book contains some 53 photographs depicting the family, the work on the ranch, the Wild West show, as well as the many cowboys, noted visitors, and many Indians employed or living on the ranch.

The book was first published in 1937. Its current edition was published in 1971 by the University of Oklahoma Press and is still in print (paperback edition ISBN 0-8061-1047-3). The 1971 edition contains several photographs from the Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma not appearing in the original.

title: The 101 Ranch


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Apricorn

Apricorn may refer to:

 * Apricorn, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of computer storage products
 * A fruit in the Pokémon series

title: Apricorn


text:
International school

An international school is an institution that promotes education in an international environment or framework. Although there is no uniform definition or criteria, international schools are usually characterized by a multinational student body and staff, multilingual instruction, curricula oriented towards global perspectives and subjects, and the promotion of concepts such as world citizenship, pluralism, and intercultural understanding. Many international schools adopt a curriculum from programs and organizations such as International Baccalaureate, Edexcel, Cambridge Assessment International Education, International Primary Curriculum, or Advanced Placement.

International schools often follow a curriculum different from the host country, catering mainly to foreign students, such as members of expatriate communities, international businesses or organizations, diplomatic missions, or missionary programs. Admission is sometimes open to local students to provide qualifications for employment or higher education in a foreign country, offer high level language instruction, and/or foster cultural and global awareness.

History
The first international school can be traced back to the International School of Geneva founded in 1924 by Arthur Sweetser and Ludwik Rajchman with an emphasis on bilingual education (English and French). Later that year the Yokohama International School was also established in Yamate, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan. These schools catered to children of expatriate families. These could include diplomats, missionaries, military members, business workers transferred to foreign office locations, etc.

An example would be children of American military personnel attending Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS).

Criteria
At a conference in Italy in 2009, the International Association of School Librarianship came up with a list of criteria for describing an international school, including: However, there are also disagreements amongst educators on what the exact criteria should focus on. Factors such as international history, culture, and perspective within the education curriculum would also make a school "international". Although the nationality of students plays a big part, the manner in which the education is delivered is just as important.
 * Transferability of the student's education across international schools
 * A moving population (higher than in state schools or public schools)
 * Multinational and multilingual student body
 * An international curriculum
 * International accreditation (e.g. Council of International Schools, International Baccalaureate, Western Association of Schools and Colleges, etc.)
 * A transient and multinational teacher population
 * Non-selective student enrollment
 * Usually English language of instruction, plus the obligation to take on at least one additional language

Languages of instruction
While English-language international schools are the most numerous, many international schools teaching primarily in other languages exist.

For instance, there are 140 "German Schools Abroad" which are accredited and partly funded by the German federal government through the Central Agency for German Schools Abroad (Zentralstelle für das Auslandsschulwesen), and teach a curriculum at least partly based on German schools. According to the German Foreign Office, the government's support of these schools "helps to overcome cultural barriers, to convey a modern, diverse image of our country and to strengthen German language skills in other countries."

Other examples of non-English international schools include:

 * French schools abroad accredited by the French government's Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger).
 * Nihonjin gakkō - Japanese-language schools accredited by the Japanese government's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Curriculum
Curricula in English-language international schools are most often based on education in the United Kingdom, education in the United States, or curricula specially designed for international schools such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education or the IB Diploma Programme. These international curricula are committed to internationalism, developing the global citizen, providing an environment for optimal learning, and teaching in an international setting that fosters understanding, independence, interdependence, and cooperation.

Like other schools, international schools teach language arts, mathematics, the sciences, humanities, the arts, physical education, information technology, and design technology. More recent developments specifically for primary school include the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP) and International Primary Curriculum (IPC). Secondary education is provided through the relaunched IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) and redeveloped International Middle Years Curriculum (IMYC). Most recently, the launch of the International Early Years Curriculum (IEYC) in 2016 has provided an international curriculum for early years learners aged 2–5, growing to 500 schools and early years settings between 2016 and 2021. In 2013 there were 3063 schools offering the international baccalaureate curriculum in the world and over 1000 schools offering the IEYC, IPC, and/or IMYC around the world.

The curriculum could also be based on the school's origin country. Schools that are a part of the International Schools Consortium (iSC) deliver an International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) curriculum. This is the standard curriculum for American schools. High school education includes core classes such as English, Foreign Languages, Mathematics, Physical Education, Science, Social Studies, Fine Arts, with the addition of ESL (English as a second language) classes for students who may need. In addition, students may select Advanced Placement (AP) programs to prepare for college-level education, specifically in the United States.

International school teachers
An international school teacher or educator is someone engaged in the education of pupils in schools other than their country of citizenship. The term generally refers to teachers who are teaching in private schools or independent schools. While these schools are private there is an important distinction between private for-profit and private non for-profit schools.

Faculty at international schools are usually from or certified by the standards of their country of origin.

Hiring is frequently done at large international job fairs, such as the ones held by the Council of International Schools (CIS), where schools can interview and hire several teachers at once. There are also a handful of agencies that specialize in recruiting international teachers. Over the years it has become more difficult to recruit young international teachers, partly because of security concerns and the trend towards less attractive compensation packages. In some countries such as South Korea, recent visa changes have also made it more difficult to obtain both qualified and unqualified teachers.

Education
As of 2020, 33% of international schools are categorized as bilingual, with English as the main language. 52% of international schools offer a UK style of education, around 20% offer the International Baccalaureate Programme, and around 21% offer US style education.

Statically, international school students have achieved higher examination marks compared with the global average:

 * The average point score of the IBDP in international schools was 33.6 out of 45. The global average for all IBDP students was 29.63.
 * US Advance Placement qualification, international school students scored an average AP exam score of 3.54 compared to a global average of 2.91. The maximum score is 5.
 * In International A-Levels, the percentage of A grades was 34% while the UK average was 25.5%.

There has also been an increase in The National Curriculum of England and Cambridge Curriculum as a curriculum choice over the span of the past 10 years. Schools are also adopting a hybrid model of teaching and learning moving forward to provide more flexibility.

Growth
With the increase in situations such as diplomat relocation or missionary travels, there has been an increase in the demand for International schools. Especially within the start of the 20th century, there has been a massive growth in international schools worldwide. In 2011 alone, 345 new International schools were established. According to the ISC Research Data, there were a total of 7,655 registered International schools worldwide. That number has since risen to 12,373 registered international schools in July 2021. The number of students attending international schools has also increased from 3.54 million to 5.68 million since 2011.

In April 2007 there were 4,179 English-speaking international schools, which was expected to set to rise with globalization. In New Delhi, worldwide entries for the University of Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) June 2009 examination session are up by almost 20% on the same session last year. The strong growth confirms the status of Cambridge IGCSE as the world's, and India's, most popular international curriculum for 14- to 16-year-olds.

With rapid globalization, these numbers will most likely continue to grow. Asia and the Middle East are the leading geographical locations in international school growth. Enrollment in international schools located in the Middle East alone has grown by 20% since 2015, reaching 1.7 million enrolled students. Southeast Asia has grown by 35.5% and East Asia has grown by 33.3% all since. South Asia experienced the largest jump in growth by 64.6% percent since 2015. Since international schools also tend to offer bilingual education, it is a fitting opportunity for attending students to acquire a second language. International schools have also risen in popularity with the fast-paced growth of globalization.

Criticism
Hannah Smith of The Guardian wrote in 2013 that many students of international schools move between countries and places constantly. Several reported that they feel they have no one place where they have roots or background. Many international students are often referred to as third culture kids (TCKs). A phenomenon they experience is having their identity shaped mainly through people instead of place. An online survey by Denizen shows that over 200 participants first moved before nine years old and, on average, lived in four countries. These reoccurring moves mean children continuously leave friends and relationships, which can bring about stress and anxiety. The transition to a completely new environment and culture can be burdensome as well. However, most international schools understand these circumstances and help students with this transition period through counseling programs.

title: International school


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Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw

The men's hammer throw was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, the discipline's first Olympic appearance. It was held on July 16, 1900. Five hammer throwers from two nations competed. The event was won by John Flanagan of the United States, the first of his three consecutive victories in the hammer throw. The American team swept the medals, with Truxtun Hare finishing second and Josiah McCracken third.

Background
This was the first appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1896. Two nations competed: the United States and Sweden. The Americans were familiar with the event; the Swedes were not.

Competition format
The format of the competition is unclear. The throwing area was a nine-foot circle.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics.

 * Flanagan represented the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland before immigrating to the United States and becoming a U.S. citizen.

 * unofficial

John Flanagan set the first Olympic record for this event with 51.01 metres.


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Illinois Route 15

Illinois Route 15 (IL 15) is a 149.64 mi east–west highway in southern Illinois with its western terminus at Illinois Route 3, U.S. Route 40, I-55, and I-64, and its eastern terminus at Wabash River at the Illinois/Indiana Border where it meets State Road 64.

History
West of Mt. Vernon, IL 15 was part of US 460. Until the 1960s, IL 15 went on the IL 160 corridor from Addieville to Okawville, then west on the present IL 177 corridor to Belleville. The section from Nashville to St. Libory was once IL 110, but this was back in the 1940s before US 460 was signed.

The current route was determined in 1967. US 460 was truncated in 1974.

In 2011, the old Parker truss bridge crossing the Wabash River was replaced by a beam bridge.

title: Illinois Route 15


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Sat Sri Akaal

Sat Sri Akaal (Gurmukhi: ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ, ) is a Jaikara (lit. Call of Victory) now used, often, as a greeting by Sikhs. It is the second half of the Sikh Clarion call, given by the Tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, "Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akal" (Shout Aloud in Ecstasy. Truth is the Timeless One).

Meaning
Sat is a Punjabi word, which means truth, from the Sanskrit word Satya (सत्य). Sri is a honorific used across various Indian Subcontinent languages. Akaal is made up of the Punjabi word Kal, meaning time, and the prefix a- which is used in various Indian languages as a way to make a word into its antonym, so Akal means timeless.

Usage
Besides being the clarion call of Sikhism, the Jaikara has become an integral part of the Sikh liturgy and is spoken at the end of Ardas, the Sikh prayer in holy congregations.

The usage of Sat Shri Akaal as a greeting, although used by the majority of people who identify themselves as being Sikh, is regarded as incorrect usage by "Amritdhari [baptized] Sikhs. As the term is historically the second half of the Sikh war cry, "Bole So Nihal, Sat Shri Akal", and is still used in the same way. As per the Sikh Rehat Maryada, or Code of Conduct, Amritdhari Sikhs greet each other with "Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh", meaning "The Khalsa belongs to the Lord God! The victory belongs to God!".

Defense battle cry
Three regiments of the Indian Army – the Punjab Regiment, Sikh Regiment, and Sikh Light Infantry – use it as their battle cry.

Akaal Sahai
Akaal Sahai (Gurmukhi: ਅਕਾਲ ਸਹਾਇ, pronounced Akāl Sahai, lit. With God's Grace) is a traditional greeting, used by Sikhs. It was used as a national motto during the period of the First Sikh State, Sikh Confederacy, and Sikh Empire. It was also used a lot on the puratan Sikh shastars normally found on the blade or inside the hand guards.

title: Sat Sri Akaal


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User talk:Oy Maatsulu

They call me the crazy Finn; what do you think?

Your juvenile antics are making all Taiwanese look bad. Then again, maybe that's what you're aiming for. -Loren 04:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

What I think is that you are asking political questions...which...are...unfortunately not fit for a 13 year old like me to comment. Tan Ding Xiang,born 1992Tdxiang 03:37, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oy Maatsulu


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Domodedovskaya

Domodedovskaya (Домодедовская) is a Moscow Metro station in Orekhovo-Borisovo Severnoye and Orekhovo-Borisovo Yuzhnoye districts, Southern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Zamoskvoretskaya Line, between Orekhovo and Krasnogvardeyskaya stations.

The station opened on 7 September 1985.

Name
Domodedovskaya is named after Domodedovo International Airport, which is located some 15 km to the south of the station along the Kashirskoye Highway.

On March 29, 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic in Russia, the management of the Moscow Metro temporarily renamed the station to "DomaDedovskaya" (rus. ДомаДедовская) which refer to "Grandfather at home" to remind the citizen of Moscow to stay their elderly parents at home.

Location
It located at the intersection of Kashirskoye Highway and Orekhovy Boulevard. There are also exits to General Belov street.

Connection
There is a regular shuttle bus service from the station to Domodedovo, as Domodedovskaya provides the fastest ground access to the airport.

Building
The station was designed by architects Nina A. Aleshina and N. Samoylova. Like many other stations built in the 1970s and 1980s, Domodedovskaya has a decorative theme related to the local surroundings. Appropriately enough, the theme here is aviation. The pillars are faced with white marble with inlays of darker marble, and the walls are decorated with plaques depicting Soviet aircraft.

title: Domodedovskaya


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Oxyntomodulin

Oxyntomodulin (often abbreviated OXM) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide hormone found in the colon, produced by the oxyntic (fundic) cells of the oxyntic (fundic) mucosa. It has been found to suppress appetite.

The mechanism of action of oxyntomodulin is not well understood. It is known to bind both the GLP-1 receptor and the glucagon receptor, but it is not known whether the effects of the hormone are mediated through these receptors or through an unidentified receptor.

Oxyntomodulin has been linked to entrainment of the liver's circadian clock.

Oxyntomodulin has been investigated as a blood-glucose regulation agent in connection with diabetes.

Research
Oxyntomodulin could be a potential candidate for treating obesity because of its ability to suppress appetite. In a 4 week study, healthy overweight and obese volunteers were given either saline or oxyntomodulin injections. Their body weight, energy intake, and the levels of adipose hormones were taken prior to the treatment. The volunteers maintained their usual diets and daily activities and self-administered the injections three times daily, 30 minutes before their meals. In the course of 4 weeks, volunteers treated with oxyntomodulin injections had an average weight loss of 2.3±0.4 kg compared to those treated with saline who had an average of 0.5±0.5 kg, indicating oxyntomodulin was successful in weight loss.

title: Oxyntomodulin


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The Man with the Horn

The Man with the Horn is an album released by Miles Davis in 1981. It was Davis's first new studio album since 1972’s On the Corner, his first recordings of any kind since 1975 and his first activity following a six-year retirement. The album title references his 1952 10-inch LP Young Man with a Horn.

Largely pop influenced, the album fuses 1980s rock, pop and R & B with improvisational funk and fusion styles. The album marked Davis's return to more traditional acoustic trumpet playing after having utilized electronics in the mid-1970s, although the title song "The Man with the Horn" does feature a wah-wah pedal on Davis's improvisation (along with a lead vocal by keyboardist Randy Hall).

The title for "Fat Time" derived from a nickname given to Mike Stern during the recording sessions. Stern recalled that nickname was based on his time feel and his weight, elaborating that he was "heavier at the time". Davis approved of Stern's guitar solo on the song and thus decided to title the song "Fat Time" in honor of Stern.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Miles Davis; except where indicated

 * 1) "Fat Time" – 9:53
 * 2) "Back Seat Betty" – 11:15
 * 3) "Shout" (Glenn Burris, Randy Hall, Robert Irving III) – 5:52
 * 4) "Aïda" – 8:10
 * 5) "The Man with the Horn" (Hall, Irving) – 6:32
 * 6) "Ursula" – 10:50

Personnel
Musicians
 * Miles Davis – trumpet, arrangements (1, 2, 4, 6), Wah pedal (5)
 * Bill Evans – soprano saxophone (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
 * Robert Irving III – Yamaha CS30 synthesizer (3, 5), acoustic piano (5), arrangements
 * Randy Hall – Minimoog (3, 5), arrangements (3, 5), celeste (5), electric guitar (5), lead and backing vocals (5)
 * Mike Stern – electric guitar (1)
 * Barry Finnerty – electric guitar (2, 3, 4, 6)
 * Marcus Miller – electric bass (1, 2, 4, 6)
 * Felton Crews – electric bass (3, 5)
 * Al Foster – drums (1, 2, 4, 6)
 * Vince Wilburn, Jr. – drums (3, 5)
 * Sammy Figueroa – percussion (1-4, 6)

Production
 * Teo Macero – producer
 * George Butler – executive producer
 * Don Puluse – engineer (1), remix engineer
 * Stan Tonkel – engineer (2-6)
 * Harold Tarowsky – technical adviser
 * Ted Brosnan – second engineer
 * Nancy Byers – second engineer
 * Joe Gastwirt – mastering
 * Recorded, mixed and mastered at CBS Recording Studios (New York, NY)

 * John Berg – design
 * Cindy Brown – design
 * Bob Cato – photography

title: The Man with the Horn


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User:Oy Maatsulu

Oy Maatsulu, from the Maatsulu clan, west Porvoo camp, 8 generations of Porvoovians.

What did one Finn say to the other? "Oy!"

Oy oy oy oy oy

title: User:Oy Maatsulu


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Gunder Hägg

Gunder Hägg (31 December 1918 – 27 November 2004) was a Swedish runner and multiple world record breaker of the 1940s. He set over a dozen middle distance world records at events ranging from 1500 to 5000 meters, including three at both the 1500 meters and the mile, one at 3000 meters and one at 5000 meters.

Hägg and fellow Swede, Arne Andersson, lowered the record for the mile to just over four minutes (4:01.4) – accelerating the progression of the world record in the mile run. Both athletes set three world records for the mile. Hägg first set the record in July 1942 at 4:06.2, a time which was equalled by Andersson later the same month. This record was broken by Hägg (4:04.6) in September the same year. Andersson recaptured the world record in July 1943 (4:02.6), and improved it further in July 1944 (4:01.6). However, Hägg then managed a time of 4:01.4 in Malmö in July 1945. Hägg's record was not broken until Roger Bannister ran the first sub-4 mile in Oxford in May 1954.

Hägg was also the first man to run a sub-14 minute 5,000 metres, a feat he achieved in September 1942. This record stood for over eleven years. The next world record for the men's 5,000 metres to stand for this long was set in May 2004 by Kenenisa Bekele of Ethiopia. His record stood for over sixteen years.

In 1946, Gunder Hägg was branded a professional because he received payments for running. He was therefore barred from competition, together with Arne Andersson and Henry Jonsson. Four years earlier, he earned the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.

title: Gunder Hägg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Burrowes

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete. – ABCD✉ 03:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Burrowes
Vanity. Delete. AlistairMcMillan 03:17, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as clear vanity, as well as the image . --TheMidnighters 03:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wasn't sure about procedure for the image since he uses the image on his User page and he has made (what I'm assuming are) useful contributions to Warrimoo, New South Wales. AlistairMcMillan 03:27, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, didn't realize, should have checked. --TheMidnighters 04:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy under CSD A7; notability not asserted. Already userfied. Leave the photo alone, since it's on his user page. android  79  03:35, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not Notable. Seems like a nice enough lad. Come back when you're famous, kid! Hamster Sandwich 04:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy no assertion of notability. -Splash 04:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not speedy because making short films is possible claim of notability. However, no evidence is presented that those films have been shown outside his immediate circle of family and friends. Userfy if he is a contributor. Capitalistroadster 05:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; already userfied by the creator. NatusRoma 05:41, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I too am not convinced about the eligibility for speedy. But already userfied so no big deal. Agentsoo 10:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. -- Etacar11   23:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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William Hurwitz

William E. Hurwitz, M.D., is a former Virginia-based pain management physician who was prosecuted and convicted by the United States Government in 2004 for excessively prescribing addictive opioid pain medication to patients, some of whom subsequently abused and redistributed their medications on the black market. Before his conviction, Hurwitz had a series of running battles with the Virginia Board of Medicine which, in 2003 found fault with some of his prescriptions but also held that all were written "in good faith".

William E. Hurwitz is a graduate of Columbia College. He then spent a period at the Harvard University School of Education before attending Stanford University's Medical School. While at Stanford he also earned a Masters in Sociology. He served as a staff physician in Brazil with the Peace Corps upon completing his medical degree.

Conviction in first trial
In 2004, Hurwitz was convicted of over 50 counts of distribution of narcotics originally sentenced to four 25-year sentences and forty-six 15-year sentences, all of which were to be served concurrently, and was fined $2 million (U.S.). During the prosecution of the first case, all of Hurwitz's property was seized.

Hurwitz maintains that he was duped by his patients, and that the enforcement tactics being applied in the War on Drugs unfairly target law-abiding doctors, leading to a situation where doctors must choose between providing compassionate care and accepting personal liability for what their patients do with prescribed medications.

His case has potentially serious ramifications among all practitioners of pain medicine, and is considered by many to be a drastic example of the overreach of anti-drug law enforcement efforts.

Conviction overturned on appeal
His conviction was overturned by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on August 22, 2006, due to errors by the trial judge that essentially prevented the jury from considering Hurwitz's defense — that he was prescribing the medication in good faith as part of the regular practice of medicine. Defended pro bono, his re-trial began on March 26, 2007 in federal district court for the Eastern District of Virginia.

Conviction in second trial
On April 27, 2007 jurors found William E. Hurwitz guilty of 16 counts of drug trafficking and determined that he prescribed massive quantities of medicine to patients in chronic pain. The 12-member jury acquitted Hurwitz on 17 other trafficking counts. District Judge Leonie Brinkema dismissed the remaining 12 counts. His two lead trial attorneys for the second trial were Lawrence Robbins and Richard Sauber, of Robbins, Russell, Englert, Orseck & Untereiner, and Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, respectively.

On July 13, 2007 Judge Brinkema sentenced Hurwitz to four years and nine months. The judge said that most of Hurwitz's practice was legitimate medicine that saved patients' lives and that medical literature increasingly supports his theories on the propriety of massive drug doses to treat patients in chronic pain. "An increasing body of respectable medical literature and expertise supports those types of high-dosage, opioid medications," the judge said.

The judge added that Hurwitz had undermined his own cause by ignoring that some patients were clearly drug dealers and Hurwitz admitted before sentencing that he had deceived himself about some patients who in retrospect were clearly criminals.

Hurwitz was imprisoned a total of four years and eight months. He then moved to Charlotte, North Carolina.

title: William Hurwitz


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Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (poet and diplomat)

Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (1503/4 – 14 August 1575), Spanish novelist, poet, diplomat and historian, born in Granada in late 1503 or early 1504.

Life
He was a younger son of the second Conde de Tendilla Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones and Francisca Pacheco. His older siblings were: Luis de Mendoza y Pacheco, II Marquis de Mondejar, III Count Tendilla, governor of Granada; Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, first Viceroy of New Spain and later Peru; Bernardino de Mendoza y Pacheco, Captain of the Spanish Galleys most noted for the (temporary) victory over Tunis; Francisco de Mendoza y Pacheco, Bishop of Úbeda; and Maria Mendoza y Pacheco (María Pacheco), a leader of the 1519 Revolt of the Comuneros. The Marquis of Santillana was his great-grandfather.

On leaving the University of Salamanca, Mendoza abandoned his intention of taking orders, served under Charles V in Italy, and attended lectures at the universities of Bologna, Padua and Rome. In 1537 he was sent to the Kingdom of England to arrange a marriage between Henry VIII and Christina of Denmark, the widowed Duchess of Milan, as well as a marriage between Prince Louis of Portugal and Mary Tudor. Despite the failure of his mission, he retained the confidence of the emperor, and in 1539 was appointed ambassador at Venice. During his years in Venice he built up his library, buying books printed by the Aldine Press and employing scribes to copy Greek manuscripts. He procured copies of the Greek manuscripts belonging to Cardinal Bessarion, and acquired other rare codices from the monastery of Mount Athos. The first printed Greek edition of the works of Josephus, based on texts from Mendoza's collection, was edited by the Flemish humanist Arnoldus Arlenius, who worked in Mendoza's library, and published in Basle by Hieronymus Froben in 1544.

He acted for some time as military governor of Siena, represented Spain diplomatically at the Council of Trent, and in 1547 was nominated special plenipotentiary at Rome, where he remained till 1554. He was never a favourite of Philip II, and a quarrel with a courtier resulted in his banishment from court in June 1568. The remaining years of his life, which were spent at Granada, he devoted to the study of Arabic (which he had learned at home when growing up ), to poetry, and to his history of the Moorish insurrection of 1568–1570. He died in 1575, leaving his library to the king.

Writings
His Guerra de Granada (concerning the 1568 Morisco Revolt in the Alpujarras) was published in Madrid in 1610 and in Lisbon by Luis Tribaldos de Toledo in 1627; the delay was doubtless due to Mendoza's severe criticism of contemporaries who survived him. A complete edition was not published until 1730. In some passages the author deliberately imitates Sallust and Tacitus; his style is, on the whole, vivid and trenchant, his information is exact, and in critical insight he is not inferior to Juan de Mariana.

The attribution to Mendoza of Lazarillo de Tormes is disputed, but documents recently discovered by the Spanish paleographer Mercedes Agulló reinforce the hypothesis. That he excelled in picaresque malice is proved by his indecorous verses written in the old Castilian metres and in the more elaborate measures imported from Italy. Mendoza is also believed to be the author of the letters to Feliciano de Silva and to Captain Salazar, published by Antonio Paz y Melia in Sales Espanolas (Madrid, 1900).

List of publications

 * A. Senn y Alonso, D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, apuntes biográfico-críticos (Granada, 1886)
 * Calendar of Letters and Papers foreign and domestic, Henry VIII., vols. xii. and xiii.
 * C. Graux, Essai sur l'origine du fonds grec de l'Escurial (Paris, 1880)
 * R. Foulch-Delbosc, Étude sur la Guerra de Granada in the "Revue hispanique" (Paris, 1894), vol. i.
 * A. Morel-Fatio, "Quelques remarques sur La Guerre de Grenade de D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza," in Annuaire de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, 1914-15 (Paris, 1914).
 * Erika Spivakovsky, The son of the Alhambra. Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1504-1575, Austin : University of Texas Press, 1970.
 * Michael J. Levin, Agents of Empire. Spanish Ambassadors in Sixteenth-Century Italy, New York: Cornell University Press, 2005.


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Elaine Dundy

Elaine Rita Dundy (née Brimberg; August 1, 1921 – May 1, 2008) was an American novelist, biographer, journalist, actress and playwright.

Early life
She was born Elaine Rita Brimberg in New York City. Her Polish Jewish immigrant father, Samuel Brimberg, was an office furniture manufacturer and a violent bully. Her mother was of Latvian Jewish descent; she was the daughter of a multimillionaire manufacturer and inventor. Dundy was one of three sisters; a sibling was Shirley Clarke, the independent filmmaker. Dundy grew up in a Park Avenue home where she was educated by a governess, though she eventually attended high school, where her boyfriend Terry was the son of playwright Maxwell Anderson. Later, they met again and almost married.

A habituée of New York nightclubs from the age of 15, she met the exiled Dutch painter Piet Mondrian, who wished to be taught how to jitterbug. An honors graduate from Sweet Briar College in Sweet Briar, Virginia, she studied acting at the Jarvis Theatre School in Washington with future star actors Rod Steiger, Tony Curtis and others, and in the Dramatic Workshop was taught by Erwin Piscator.

Dundy's controlling father insisted she live at home while in New York, but she calculated that her monthly allowance would allow her to live in Paris, France, for a short time. At the end of World War II, she traveled to Europe, first to live in Paris, dubbing French films, then settled in London, where she performed in a BBC radio play. In 1950, she met the theater critic Kenneth Tynan, and two weeks later, they began living together. They married on January 25, 1951, had a daughter Tracy (born on May 12, 1952, London), and became part of the theatrical and film elite of London and Hollywood.

Radio and television
Among her roles as an actress, she appeared in "The Scream," a 1953 episode of the TV series Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. Presents, and a BBC-TV production of Dinner at Eight as a maid: "One of those small parts an actress can do absolutely nothing with except look as pretty as possible, act as naive as possible and stay out of the way of the knives." Dundy was heard in different roles on Radio Luxembourg's Harry Lime dramas, directed by Orson Welles. In 1955, Dundy and Tynan appeared together on camera, hosting the "Madrid Bullfight" episode of Around the World With Orson Welles, the documentary series Welles made for Associated-Rediffusion, a contractor for Britain's ITV commercial network.

Books
In 1958, Dundy published her first novel The Dud Avocado, loosely based on her experiences in Paris. It reached the top of the bestseller lists. She received a letter from an admirer: Dear Mrs Tynan, I don't make the habit of writing to married women, especially if the husband is a dramatic critic, but I had to tell someone (and it might as well be you since you're the author) how much I enjoyed The Dud Avocado. It made me laugh, scream and guffaw (which incidentally is a great name for a law firm). If this was actually your life, I don't know how on earth you got through it. Sincerely, Groucho Marx.

Tynan disapproved of Dundy's writing vocation despite having forecast success, because it distracted attention from himself; Dundy, however, had seen it as a means to save their marriage. Around this time, Tynan started to insist on flagellating his wife, with the threat of his own suicide if she refused. Drugs, alcohol, and extramarital affairs by both parties resulted in the marriage becoming fraught, and it was dissolved in 1964. In 1962, she was a writer for the BBC's satirical That Was the Week That Was. Dundy attempted to cure herself of addictions from 1968 to 1976, though according to her daughter, she struggled with drugs and alcohol for half a century. Dundy lived mainly in New York after her divorce. In addition to novels and short stories, she wrote for The New York Times. She wrote books on the actor Peter Finch, the city of Ferriday, Louisiana, and Elvis Presley.

As part of her research for the Presley book, Dundy moved from her luxurious suites in London and New York to live for five months in Presley's birthplace of Tupelo, Mississippi. Elvis and Gladys was first published by Macmillan in 1985 (reissued in 2004 by the University Press of Mississippi). The Boston Globe hailed it as "nothing less than the best Elvis book yet". Kirkus Reviews described it as "the most fine-grained Elvis bio ever."

Later life
Dundy maintained a home in London until 1986, and then moved to Los Angeles to be near her daughter. By then, Tracy was a costume designer; she is married to film director Jim McBride. Dundy's autobiography, Life Itself!, was published in 2001. In the same year, Kenneth Tynan's diaries, written in his last decade, were published. Their daughter had helped to have the book issued. It led to a two-year split between the two women, until Dundy re-entered rehabilitation once more. Her 1964 novel, The Old Man and Me, was reissued in 2005 by the feminist publishing company Virago Press, and that same year, she wrote the introduction for Virago's reprint of Daphne du Maurier's 1932 novel I'll Never Be Young Again.

Tracy Tynan's memoir Wear and Tear, published in the United States in 2016, deals with Tynan's trying experiences of her parents.

Death
In Dundy's final years, she was losing her eyesight due to macular degeneration. She died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, on May 1, 2008, aged 86. She is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Novels

 * The Dud Avocado (1958)
 * The Old Man and Me (1964)
 * The Injured Party (1974)

Biographies

 * Finch, Bloody Finch: A Biography of Peter Finch (1980)
 * Elvis and Gladys (1985)
 * Ferriday, Louisiana (1991)
 * Life Itself! (2001) (autobiography)

Plays

 * My Place (1962)
 * Death in the Country (1976) (in Vogue, 1974.)
 * The Drowning (1976)

Articles

 * "Hip, Beat & Square", The Observer, 4 December 1960
 * "Memory in Spain", The Observer, 25 December 1960
 * "Stanley Kubrick and Dr. Strangelove", Queen, 13 March 1963 (reprinted in Glamour, April 1964)
 * "Reviewing Reviewing" (on the first issue of the New York Review of Books), The Spectator, 7 June 1963
 * "Formentoracle", The Observer, 4 May 1964
 * "Crane, Masters, Wolfe, etc. Slept Here" (on the Chelsea Hotel), Esquire, October 1964
 * "What Means Tiny Alice?" (on Edward Albee), New York Herald Tribune, 31 January 1965
 * "How to Succeed in the Theatre Without Really Being Successful", Esquire, May 1965
 * "The Image in the Marketplace", Esquire, July 1965
 * "Can a Simple Welsh Lass of Thirty-six Find Happiness with a Macedonian Rock-and-Roll Star of Twenty-four?", Esquire, December 1965
 * [on Christopher Plummer], New York Herald Tribune, 26 December 1965
 * Tom Wolfe Issue (letter), New York Review of Books 17 March 1966
 * Tom Wolfe ... But Exactly, Yes! Vogue, April 1966
 * [on Rosemary Harris], New York Herald Tribune, 10 April 1966
 * "Vivien Leigh: On Interviewing a Star on a Wet Washington Day", Village Voice, 1966
 * "Suddenly It's Fun", The Observer, 20 August 1967
 * "Finding Out the Hard Way What It Means to Be Jewish", The (London) Times, 11 February 1976
 * "Life Is All Ups and No Downs on This Carousel" (on Erik Erikson), The New York Times, 5 September 1976
 * "Why Actors Do Better for Sidney Lumet", New York, 22 November 1976,
 * Review of: Changing, by Liv Ullmann, The Saturday Review, 5 February 1977
 * Review of: Haywire, by Brooke Hayward, The Saturday Review, 2 April 1977
 * "Born to Please" (on Vivien Leigh), The New York Times, 22 May 1977
 * Introduction to I'll Never Be Young Again, Daphne du Maurier, 2005

Short story

 * "The Sound of a Marriage", Queen, 1960 or 1965? (reprinted, Cosmopolitan, February 1967)

title: Elaine Dundy


text:
Zoo Tycoon (2001 video game)

Zoo Tycoon is a business simulation game developed by Blue Fang Games and released by Microsoft. Although first released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh in 2001, it was ported to the Nintendo DS in 2005. It was followed by two expansion packs, Dinosaur Digs and Marine Mania, which were released in 2002, as well as a sequel, Zoo Tycoon 2, released in 2004.

Gameplay
The goal of Zoo Tycoon is to create a thriving zoo by building exhibits to accommodate animals and keeping the guests and animals happy. Exhibit-building is one of the primary goals of Zoo Tycoon. To keep the guests and animals happy, exhibits should be suitable to the animal; for example, a lion is best suited to a savannah environment. Choices in terrain, foliage, rocks, shelters, fences, toys and the presence of zookeepers all contribute to the suitability of an exhibit and the happiness of the animal. Guest happiness is dependent on animal choice, animal happiness, buildings, and scenery. Buildings include bathrooms, restaurants and food stands, shops, reptile houses, aviaries, and entertainment buildings such as movie theaters. Scenery involves aesthetics that raise guest happiness slightly, such as topiary art, light posts, and benches. Keeping both animal and guest happiness high allows the player to gain monetary awards and maintain a steady income. To help manage the expanding zoo, players can employ maintenance workers, zookeepers and tour guides. If the animals escape from their enclosures, they can attack and possibly kill guests and employees.

There are three modes in Zoo Tycoon: Tutorial, Scenario, and Freeform. Tutorial teaches the player how to build exhibits and keep guests happy. Scenario mode has the player complete a series of objectives under restrictions. These objectives may include achieving a certain guest and animal happiness, achieving a certain exhibit suitability, displaying a certain number of animals, or breeding a certain animal. Freeform allows the player to choose the amount of money and the map with which they start. They are presented with an open lot and a limited selection of animals, buildings, and scenery available for purchase. As the game progresses, more animals and items become playable. Additional animals and items may be researched, where money is invested to make them playable.

Development
Blue Fang Games originally considered making a simulation game where the player would manage an airport, before the idea was dismissed by CEO Hank Howie, citing that compared to places like theme parks, airports are not "fun". The team then pivoted to a zoo building game, and quickly began research on animal care and behavior, sending artists, animators and developers to zoos in and around the Boston area, as well as flying a team out to the San Francisco Zoo. The team learned how zoos work in order to figure out where they were allowed to take creative liberties, citing that during the development for the Marine Mania expansion, the team gave dolphins the ability to do tricks that were not completely realistic because they thought it was more fun. The development team also carefully tried to strike a balance between teaching players about conservation and entertainment, citing the educational efforts put forth in real zoos.

Expansion packs
Zoo Tycoon received two expansion packs: Dinosaur Digs, which added prehistoric-themed items and animals including mythical creatures, and Marine Mania, which added aquatic-themed items and animals. Microsoft bundled the expansion packs with Zoo Tycoon to create Zoo Tycoon Complete Collection, having the functionality of both expansion packs and bonus content.

Dinosaur Digs
Released on May 19, 2002, Dinosaur Digs includes 20 new prehistoric animals to choose from including mammoths, saber-toothed cats, and varied dinosaurs as well as prehistoric-themed items and buildings. In addition, new types of electrical fences to accommodate the animals and prehistoric foliage have been introduced. As in the previous game, more extinct animals, foliage and better care for dinosaurs can be researched. Each dinosaur is adopted as an egg. The game introduces a new staff member, the scientist, to care for the egg and, once it hatches, the dinosaur itself.

Marine Mania
The second expansion pack, Marine Mania, was released on October 17, 2002. The expansion allows players to create and manage underwater exhibits or merge aquatic tanks with traditional land habitats. Interactive tutorials and virtual marine specialists are available to help players maintain animal happiness. In addition, 10 new scenarios were added. The expansion pack also provides the ability to create aquatic shows.

Reception
Zoo Tycoon was received with mixed to positive reviews, gaining an average 68 out of 100 at Metacritic. GameZone gave the game a score of 8 out of 10. Eric Bratcher reviewed the PC version of the game for Next Generation, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "A pleasant diversion, but it's about as deep as a puddle, and frustratingly finicky." Zoo Tycoon and its compiled Complete Collection garnered several awards and accolades, gaining the Bologna New Media Prize in 2002. Zoo Tycoon: Complete Collection received the Parents' Choice Foundation Gold Award - 2003, the AIAS Computer Family Game of the Year Interactive Achievement Award - 2004, the Scholastic Parent & Child Teacher's Pick – 2004, and the Children's Software Revue All Star Award – 2004.

Sales
Zoo Tycoon was a commercial success. Within a year of release, the game rose above 1 million copies in sales. By October 2003, its global sales had surpassed 2.5 million copies, or 3 million when grouped with its expansion packs. The NPD Group declared it the eighth-best-selling computer game of 2002, and the 11th-best-selling of 2003. NPD proceeded to rank the game's Zoo Tycoon: Complete Collection bundle 10th for 2004, 16th for 2005 and 12th for 2006.

In the United States alone, Zoo Tycoon sold 1.1 million units and earned $28.2 million by August 2006. It was among the country's 15 highest-selling computer games ever by July 2004, and Edge ranked it as the country's fifth-best-selling computer game released between January 2000 and August 2006. Zoo Tycoon also received a "Gold" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom; and a "Gold" certification from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD), for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Switzerland and Austria.

The Zoo Tycoon series, including the original Zoo Tycoon, surpassed 4 million copies in global sales by July 2004. Over 2 million copies of the series were sold in the United States alone by that date. Series sales in the country rose to 2.9 million units by August 2006.

Sequel
Zoo Tycoon 2 was released in November 2004. Although initially containing fewer animals than the original Zoo Tycoon, more animals were introduced in its expansion packs: Zoo Tycoon 2: Endangered Species, Zoo Tycoon 2: African Adventure, Zoo Tycoon 2: Marine Mania, and Zoo Tycoon 2: Extinct Animals. The first two were bundled in the Zoo Tycoon 2: Zookeeper Collection; all of them were bundled in Zoo Tycoon 2 Ultimate Collection.

title: Zoo Tycoon (2001 video game)


text: User talk:210.55.245.26

title: User talk:210.55.245.26


text:
Michael David Cartland

Michael David Cartland (born 8 October 1945) was the Secretary for Financial Services of Hong Kong during British rule in the 1990s and consultant based in Hong Kong.

Cartland's career in Hong Kong began with formulating trade policy during the 1980s. He was the territory's first Permanent Representative to the GATT. He helped Hong Kong in the Uruguay Round and was chair of the Negotiating Group on Subsidies and Countervail at Uruguay. Cartland chaired various panels in GATT and the WTO from 1986 to 2007. After retirement Cartland joined his wife Rachel (ex-Hong Kong Civil servant from 1972 to 2006) to form a public sector consulting company. In 1993 he was appointed Secretary for Financial Services.

Cartland was required to retire in the interests of localisation under the compensation scheme which applied to all expatriate non-Chinese officers with similar seniority in the run up to the handover of sovereignty in 1997. He was replaced towards the end of 1995 as Secretary for Financial Services by Rafael Hui.

Earlier in his career Cartland had spent the decade of the eighties dealing with Hong Kong trade policy and had become Hong Kong's first Permanent Representative to the GATT when Hong Kong became a full member of that organisation in its own right in 1986. He participated in that capacity in the launching of the Uruguay Round and went on to chair the Negotiating Group on Subsidies and Countervail during the Round. As a friend of the Chair at the end of the Round he helped the then Director General, Peter Sutherland, to bring the negotiations to a conclusion in the areas of Anti-Dumping, Safeguards, Intellectual Property, Government Procurement, as well as Subsidies and Countervail. He also made a substantial contribution to GATT and WTO Dispute Settlement by chairing the panels in no less than sixteen cases over the twenty years to 2005.

Cartland and his wife Rachel are now public sector consultants (Cartland Consulting Limited) in Hong Kong.

title: Michael David Cartland


text:
John Frederick Weishampel

John Frederick Weishampel (April 4, 1808 – November, 1883) was a Baltimore, Maryland, minister and author. He was the son of Christian Weishampel and was born in Baltimore. He learned the printing business with John T. Hansche; published several newspapers, among which were the Workingmen's Advocate, in support of the ten-hour system and other reforms, and The Experiment, the first daily penny paper issued in Baltimore (1834) ; removed to Shippensburg, Pa., in 1836, to publish a paper there; removed to Circleville, Ohio, in 1838, to print the "Religious Telescope" for the United Brethren Church; removed to Harrisburg in 1840, and to Shiremanstown, Pa., 1841, to conduct the "Gospel Publisher," organ of the Church of God, by which denomination he was licensed as a minister of the gospel, and preached frequently on circuits and as a missionary in both the English and German languages during his life. He removed in 1843 to Marietta, thence in 1844 to Lancaster, in 1845 to Philadelphia, and thence in 1846 to Baltimore. On July 3, 1831, he married Gertrude Dorothea Koehler, who was born March 20, 1807, in Germany, and came to America when she was eleven years old. She died Feb. 14, 1871, and is buried in Green Mount cemetery, Baltimore. They had six children who reached maturity, viz.: (1) John Frederick Jr., who married Mary E. Addison; (2) Dorothy, who died in infancy; (3) Gertrude Dorothy, who married Robert Westley; (4) Benjamin Franklin, who married Cora I. Richards; (5) Mathilde Otillia, who married Lieut. Edward Francis Foster, First Lieutenant Quartermaster, Maryland Volunteers, Purnell Legion, on Dec. 13, 1864, at Baltimore, Md. (Lieutenant Foster died Sept. 5, 1880, and was interred in the National cemetery at Loudon Park, Baltimore, Md.; Mathilde O. Foster died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 14, 1910; buried in Robertson family lot, "Rose Plill," Loudon Park, Baltimore) ; (6) Emma Catherine, who married Dr. Charles E. Quail; (7) Ploward Washington, who died young; and (8) Ploward Burritt, who married Alice M. Uppercue and (second) Lelia Kratts, of Baltimore.

The most notable of his works is The Testimony of a Hundred Witnesses (1858), a compilation which contains one hundred religious testimonies from Christians of different denominations. One of the testimonies in the book was written by "Church of God" (commonly called "Winebrennerians") founder John Winebrenner. The town Weishample, Pennsylvania is supposedly named after Weishampel due to his association with Winebrenner.

Weishampel was a second generation Prussian-American and father of publisher John Frederick Weishampel Jr. He was married to Gertrude Dorothea Koehler on July 3, 1831.

title: John Frederick Weishampel


text: User talk:68.6.110.92

title: User talk:68.6.110.92


text: User talk:69.10.103.229

title: User talk:69.10.103.229


text: User talk:69.196.90.74

title: User talk:69.196.90.74


text:
John Kinnamos

Joannes Kinnamos, or John Cinnamus (Ἰωάννης Κίνναμος or Κίναμος; born shortly after 1143, died after 1185), was a Byzantine historian. He was imperial secretary (Greek "grammatikos", most likely a post connected with the military administration) to Emperor Manuel I (1143–1180), whom he accompanied on his campaigns in Europe and Asia Minor. It appears that Kinnamos outlived Andronikos I, who died in 1185.

Kinnamos was the author of a history that covered the years 1118–1176, thereby continuing the Alexiad of Anna Komnene, and covering the reigns of John II and Manuel I, until Manuel's unsuccessful campaign against the Turks, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Myriokephalon.

Kinnamos's work breaks off abruptly, though it is highly likely that the original continued to the death of Manuel. There are also indications that the present work is an abridgment of a significantly larger work. The hero of the history is Manuel, and throughout the history Kinnamos attempts to highlight what he sees as the superiority of the Byzantine Empire to the Western and other powers. Similarly, he is a determined opponent of what he perceives as the pretensions of the papacy. Nevertheless, he writes with the straightforwardness of a soldier, and occasionally admits his ignorance of certain events. The work is well organized, and its style, modeled on Xenophon, is simple, especially when compared with the florid writing of other Greek authors of the period. William Plate considers him the best of the European historians of this period.

John Kinnamos is also credited for writing a book on one of the Angeli emperors; however, this book is believed to be lost (perhaps together with the rest of his much larger work).

title: John Kinnamos


text:
User talk:LindaEllen

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

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Happy Wiki-ing.
Link 03:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:LindaEllen


text:
I Made Bandem

I Made Bandem (born 1940 (age 40)) is a Balinese dancer, artist, author, and educator.

Bandem served as the director of the Indonesian College of the Arts in Denpasar for 16 years. He was also the rector of Indonesia's oldest cultural institution, the Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta. He is currently a professor of Balinese dance and music at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he teaches music and dance dealing with the Bali-Gamelan.

As an artist and as a visiting scholar, Bandem has taught and performed Balinese dance throughout the world. In a 1980 profile, The New York Times described him as "the Joe Papp of Bali."

Bandem's contributions to arts and culture include achievements in ethnomusicology, educational administration, arts and culture management, and politics.

Early life and education
Bandem studied Balinese dance from a very early age, and was performing Baris and other dances by the age of ten. One of the first Balinese dancers to study in the United States, Bandem earned his master's degree in dance from UCLA, and his PhD in ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University in 1980, the first Indonesian to do so.

Ethnomusicology
As a scholar in the field of world music, Bandem fathoms and advances a school of thought popularly termed as the “bi-musicality” that was initially promoted by Mantle Hood. Bandem refers bi-musicality as a conception that music is a universal language and every ethnomusicologist must comprehend more than one genre of world music.

During his studies in the US, Bandem learned and came to terms with sounds and rhythms from around the world including music genre of Japan, Thailand, Korea, as well as China. In return, such experience gave Bandem the capabilities and firmness to conduct in-depth research of various Nusantara (Indonesian) music including Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java, and Bali. Aside from immersing himself in the studies of world music, Bandem also mastered the integral aspects of dance and theatre – all influencing his scientific approaches.

As an ethnomusicologist, Bandem has published several books and academic articles pertaining to arts and culture. One highly regarded work is the book Kaja and Kelod: Balinese Dance in Transition (1981; reprinted 1995) and distributed by Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur. This book has induced worldwide appreciation upon the arts and culture of Bali. Other theoretical publications about music, dance, and theatre of Indonesia include Prakempa: A Cosmology in Balinese Music, Wayang Wong in Contemporary Bali, Traditional Theatre of Indonesia, and Encyclopedia of Balinese Dance – all these books are text books and reference for those studying Indonesian arts. Aside from writings concerning performing arts, Bandem also possess great interest in fine arts, and many of his articles are closely related to historical and aesthetic studies of Indonesian fine arts. Bandem's commitment in ethnomusicology augmented with the establishment of an Indonesian music association namely Masyarakat Musicology Indonesia (MMI) by him and a group of friends in 1985. MMI hails from Surakarta, Central Java, and Bandem was the first chairman of the non-profit association. Today, MMI has advanced as Masyarakat Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia (MSPI), as a center for research, creation, and development of Indonesian arts, both classic and contemporary. With this organization, Bandem has managed to raise and popularize ethnomusicology as a major discipline in art universities in Indonesia.

In 1986, Bandem initiated The First International Gamelan Festival; an evaluation on the advancement of gamelan in the global milieu that was conducted in conjunction with the 1986 Vancouver Expo in Canada. During the festival, more than 250 delegates participated and represented gamelan (traditional Indonesian music orchestra) and ethnic music groups from all over the world. The festival is evidence that Indonesian music especially its various sorts of gamelan are integral part of the world music setting.

Bandem played an important role in the progression of Indonesian arts and culture through teachings in many universities including the University of Hawaii, University of California, Los Angeles, Wesleyan University, University of Maryland, Baltimore County and Brown University.

The outstanding response led to the amplification of studies upon the Indonesian arts and culture particularly in the learning of the music and dance.

Consequently, many leading universities in the United States of America, Canada, Japan and Europe sought the inclusion of Indonesian art and culture studies into their curriculum. According to Balungan and Ear Magazine, there are more than 300 active gamelan groups around North America, Europe, Japan and Australia.

In 2006, Bandem was awarded the Fumio Koizumi Prize for his dedication and long life achievement in the field of ethnomusicology.

Educational Administration
After attaining his Ph.D, Bandem returned to Indonesia from the US and was appointed as the Chancellor of the Indonesia Dance Academy (ASTI) Denpasar by the Ministry of Education and Culture (1982). Since then, Bandem exerted great effort to amplify the institution's status to become Indonesian Arts College (STSI) Denpasar and now Indonesia Institute of Arts. The efforts to increase the status of the institution to a higher level is not only a matter of political administration, but more a struggle to advocate arts as science, to equally position art in contrast to other field of studies. This struggle becomes imperative as the majority of Indonesia still view art as a profession (vocation), not a substantial field of study.

Bandem's formulation of art from the perspective of ontology, epistemology, and axiology became the groundwork for the Ministry Department of National Education Indonesia to permit Indonesian art universities to conduct S-1, S-2 (Master of Art), and S-3 (Ph.D.) programs. Bandem's effort with the collective support from other art scientists in Indonesia entitled Indonesia Institute of Arts (ISI) Jogjakarta to conduct and award Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Creative Art (DCA) in the field of art.

As an educational administrator, Bandem was trusted by the Ministry Department of National Education Indonesia to lead ASTI Denpasar (1981-1989), STSI Denpasar (1989-1997) and ISI Jogjakarta (1997-2006). In his 25 years in office, many of his conceptions became the model for the development of art universities in Indonesia.

In 1998, Bandem successfully established Badan Kerjasama Perguruan Tinggi Seni Indonesia (Indonesia Art University Cooperative Board). This association has initiated and produced the “New Paradigm of Art Universities”, a manual being used as the foundation to conduct higher learning of arts in Indonesia. Bandem truly plays a central role in increasing the quality of art education in Indonesia.

In conjunction to his duties as Rector of art universities over the past 25 years, Bandem was also given responsibility by the National Government as Secretary and Consortium Member of Komisi Disiplin Ilmu Seni (Commission for Art Discipline) that is an integral aspect of Indonesian Academy of Sciences. Bandem was also member of Badan Pertimbangan Pendidikan Nasional (Advisory Board of National Education), an organization pertaining national education under the direct supervision of the President of Republic Indonesia. Bandem dedicated his ideas through this governing body to make education in Indonesia as education for unity in diversity and to influence the government to implement multimedia based education. In response to such policy, currently Bandem is the chancellor of a leading information and computer technology university in Bali.

Arts and culture management
As an artist, Bandem also learns and performs the dances and music of other cultures. While Bandem is well known for his creative directing in monumental works in Balinese performing arts, he also masters the Gagaku and Bugaku, the classical Japanese music and dance that he learned from his teacher Matsaro Togi, a national treasure of classical Japanese dance.

Furthermore, Bandem is also a culture engineer. His policy on preservation and development of the traditional Balinese arts and culture is formulated into a strategic development plan termed Sustainable Development with Cultural Orientation. One interesting interpretation of this policy is Continuity in Change, an aspect elaborated and practiced in many occasions including the Bali Arts Festival.

Together with Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra, the Governor of Bali (1978-1988), Bandem is among the founding fathers and driving force behind the Bali Arts Festival. This annual event has become a mental model for the preservation and development of the Balinese arts and culture as a whole. Currently, The Bali Arts Festival has entered its 27th year

Bandem has been actively involved in outlining the annual theme of the Bali Arts Festival from 1980 to 1997, as well as being executive producer and creative directors of numerous performances for the festival.

The successful impact of the Bali Arts Festival as means for arts and culture development has influenced the province of Yunnan in China to implement such festival. Bandem became the consultant for the festival particularly outlining preservation and development strategies for the arts and culture of minority groups within.

Bandem was also the Artistic Director for many Indonesian performances in numerous World Expos and other International Arts Festival. These include Expo Vancouver (1986), Expo Brisbane (1988), Indonesian Festival in USA (1990, 1991), Expo Sevilla (1992), Hanover Fair (1995) and Indonesia Japan Friendship Festival (1997).

For his role and influence in increasing quality of output and abundance of art masterpieces receiving great reviews in and abroad, Collin's Guide to Bali refers Bandem as the "Bali Art Czar".

In 1997, Bandem also accomplished the establishment of the Museum Gamelan (The Museum for Musical Instruments of Indonesia) within the dynamic compounds of the Indonesian Arts College (STSI, now ISI) Denpasar. The museum itself holds the largest collection of musical ensembles native to Indonesia, where all musical ensembles as well as the hundreds of various musical instruments being displayed are intended to become a medium for arts education. The museum is equipped with an archive centre that holds various forms of recordings, all representing documentation of the arts and culture. Other collections on exhibit include dance costumes, masks, shadow puppets, sculpture and paintings.

His devotion to fine arts is profuse and is advanced through active participation within the fine art scene. Together with his diverse network of arts and culture enthusiasts, Bandem established the first ever Bali Biennale; the biannual visual arts exhibition in 2005.

The holding of both the Pre-Bali Biennale in 5 cities in Java and 9 venues in Bali, as well as the Summit Event Bali Biennale in 9 venues in Bali as well as the Cartoon Pavilion is a reconstruction upon the traditional creative propensities of Balinese visual arts, as creativity is not grouped on the base of its customary aesthetic style, school and movement but is viewed from the perspective of Bali as a geo-culture unity that corresponds to the greater multiculturalism in today's global society.

Bandem is the current chairman of the Bali Biennale Organizing Committee.

In 1994, UNESCO awarded the International UNESCO Music Council Award to Bandem as recognition upon his wholehearted attention and dedication upon the world of arts and culture as well as the implementation of his concepts.

Political career
Bandem grew interested in the field of practical politics in senior high school and he has been trusted by his colleagues to lead a political organization called GSNI. Bandem not only took charge of the senior high school level organization, but also became the Vice Chairmen of GSNI for Bali.

During his time in the USA particularly in Hawaii and California, Bandem actively lead PERMIAS (Indonesian Student Association in United States of America). Bandem's extensive network abroad has been constructed since these times.

After completing his doctoral studies in USA, Bandem returned to Bali and continued his enthusiasm in Indonesian politics. Soon after his return, Bandem was appointed as the Vice Chairmen of the major political party Golongan Karya in Bali from 1982-1998. This position permitted Bandem to become a member of the Indonesian House Assembly (MPR-RI) as state representative for the Province of Bali (1988-1998).

During his time as member of the Indonesian House Assembly (MPR-RI), Bandem was elected as the Secretary and Speaker for the Ad Hoc II Committee that is responsible for strategies and decisions of the national politics. Through this committee, Bandem demonstrated his keenness for Indonesian character building from the viewpoint of arts and culture.

Furthermore, although unsuccessful, Bandem was supported by the Balinese public as candidate for the 1998-2003 Governor of Bali during the 1998 election.

Taken as a whole, Bandem's stance towards the significance of arts and culture as a vibrant counterpart to the pulsating dynamics of socio-culture, political, and technology represents a notion that arts and culture are imperative elements for peace, concord, and the betterment of the world.

His belief for cordial cross-border interconnectedness by the means of arts and culture has bestowed him the Habibie Award in 2003 from the Habibie Center. His pro-active approach has emphasized the importance of arts and culture as a reflective conscious to attain harmony among nations especially between respective cultures and the global forces.

title: I Made Bandem


text: Category:Defunct American football venues


text:
User talk:Systolic

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

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Happy Wiki-ing.
Link 03:26, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

October 2007
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. -- Kubigula (talk) 21:34, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Fawkesbase.jpg
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File:JFWEISHA.jpg needs authorship information
Dear uploader:

The media file you uploaded as File:JFWEISHA.jpg appears to be missing information as to its authorship (and or source), or if you did provide such information, it is confusing for others trying to make use of the image.

It would be appreciated if you would consider updating the file description page, to make the authorship of the media clearer.

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If you have any questions please see Help:File page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 00:36, 1 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Systolic


text:
User talk:Nescar9

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

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Here's some extra tips to help you get around in the 'pedia!
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills the Sandbox is for you.
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 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you're still entirely confused, or would like to get a better grasp of your wikipedia skills, and you have an IRC client (or don't mind getting one), check out the Bootcamp. It's not what it sounds like, but it is fun and can help you with your editing skills.
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Happy Wiki-ing.
Link 03:26, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nescar9