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Moetan

Moetan (もえたん) is a series of English language study aids published by SansaiBooks in Japan. Targeted at otaku, it attempted to teach English words using examples drawn from computer games and anime.

In the reprint of the first Moetan book and the bath towel sold during Comic Market 69, "MOETAN" stands for 'Methodology Of English, The Academic Necessity'. The acronym may have been chosen as a play on combining the words moé and -tan, both terms of cuteness used in relation to girl characters in anime, to create a portmanteauic double meaning.

Moeru Eitango Moetan
Moeru Eitango Moetan (萌える英単語 もえたん), also known as The Moetan Wordbook, is the first in the Moetan series, published in 2003.

Each chapter consists of a short story, written in pure Japanese, concerning the adventures of "Nao-kun" (a high school student) and "Ink-chan" (a mysterious magical girl who arrives to help him with his studying), followed by a set of word examples.

In 2005-3-25, the book was revised with improved grammar, and retitled 'MOETAN Methodology Of English, The Academic Necessity' (もえたん Methodology Of English, The Academic Necessity). This version was published in Korean and Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, Hong Kong).

The Chinese version was published by Min-Hsien Cultural Enterprise Co., Ltd.

Characters

 * Ink Nijihara (虹原 いんく) - Heroine of Moetan. She lives next door to Nao and is infatuated with him.
 * Pastel Ink (ぱすてるインク) - The transformed version of Ink Nijihara, differentiated by the blue hair and duck costume.
 * Nao-kun (ナオくん) - A well liked but lazy high school student.
 * Ah-kun (あーくん) - A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a duck.
 * Pen-kun (ペンくん) - A magician in the form of a pencil.
 * Oni-kun (おにくん) - A magician in the form of an eraser.
 * Ka-kun (かーくん) - A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a cat.

Voice cast (CD version)

 * Ink Nijihara: Yukari Tamura
 * Nao-kun: Yuji Ueda
 * Ah-kun: Masaya Onosaka

Moetan II
The sequel of Moeru Eitango Moetan was published in two volumes. It includes 1601 words.

Moetan II is available in Chinese (Taiwan, Hong Kong) and Korean (South Korea).

This book is targeted towards serious, tutorial readers.

Characters

 * Tōya (透也) - Moetan II's protagonist.
 * Yuni (優仁) - Moetan II's heroine.
 * Chitose (千歳) - Touya and Yuni's classmate.

Moetan subreader
AKA -> (もえたん サブリーダー 〜文法·表現編〜)

Based on previous two books in the Moetan series, it teaches English grammar.

This book is targeted towards casual, tutorial readers.

Moetan 3
AKA -> (もえたん3 魔法少女の帰還〜Return of the Little Witch〜)

This version added poetry and Japanese culture. The book included two stories: Bill and Sam's Excellent Adventure and Return of the Little Witch. Return of the Little Witch was illustrated by POP.

This book is targeted towards casual, entertainment readers.

Chinese version was published on September 9, 2006 by Min-Hsien Cultural Enterprise Co., Ltd.

This book features characters from first Moetan book.

Moetan Online
This is a series of phone applications published by Marvelous Liveware. They are available to i-mode, EZWeb, and SoftBank Mobile users.

Vol.1
Published in Comic Market 69.

Vol.2
Published in Comic Market 70.

Anime
Bandai Visual, Planet Entertainment, Actas, and Hakuhodo DY Media Partners Incorporated produced a television series based on the book. The TV series premiered on Chiba Television on July 8, 2007, followed by TV Kanagawa, TV Osaka, TV Saitama, and TV Aichi.

Anime characters

 * Ink Nijihara (虹原 いんく)
 * The protagonist of Moetan. She lives next door to Nao and is infatuated with him. Even though she is 17 she is often mistaken as a grade-schooler, however she makes up for it with her high grades, especially in English. She meets Ah-kun who gives her the power to transform into the magical hero Pastel Ink; using a pink flip phone, her "magical girl transformation" uses ribbons to censor the "naughty bits". She transforms into a duck-like outfit with blue hair. Using this new power she helps the people of her city while also using it to tutor Nao in English. In episode 12 she has lost her magical abilities but still continues to tutor Nao under her own design of Pastel Ink and gets into the same college as he; she has not yet revealed to him that she is Pastel Ink. Ink's quirks are that she is very clumsy, often tripping over nothing, a trait she seems to have gotten from her mother; and becoming entranced to the point of drooling at the thought of being alone with Nao-kun.
 * The protagonist of Moetan. She lives next door to Nao and is infatuated with him. Even though she is 17 she is often mistaken as a grade-schooler, however she makes up for it with her high grades, especially in English. She meets Ah-kun who gives her the power to transform into the magical hero Pastel Ink; using a pink flip phone, her "magical girl transformation" uses ribbons to censor the "naughty bits". She transforms into a duck-like outfit with blue hair. Using this new power she helps the people of her city while also using it to tutor Nao in English. In episode 12 she has lost her magical abilities but still continues to tutor Nao under her own design of Pastel Ink and gets into the same college as he; she has not yet revealed to him that she is Pastel Ink. Ink's quirks are that she is very clumsy, often tripping over nothing, a trait she seems to have gotten from her mother; and becoming entranced to the point of drooling at the thought of being alone with Nao-kun.

 * Naoto "Nao" Tezuka (ナオくん)
 * Nao is a well liked but lazy high school student. He is completely oblivious to Ink's and Sumi's feelings for him and in the earlier episodes doesn't even notice them. He has problems with studying English which causes Ink to use her magical form to tutor him at night. He starts to grow closer to Ink but it is not known if he has deeper feelings for her than friendship (though they are seen holding hands at the end of episode 12 & he said he was interested in her in episode 3) and he is unaware that she is Pastel Ink. He likes to play video games, which he sometimes does instead of doing his homework. It was revealed that when Ink went back into the past it was she who got him addicted to video games.
 * Nao is a well liked but lazy high school student. He is completely oblivious to Ink's and Sumi's feelings for him and in the earlier episodes doesn't even notice them. He has problems with studying English which causes Ink to use her magical form to tutor him at night. He starts to grow closer to Ink but it is not known if he has deeper feelings for her than friendship (though they are seen holding hands at the end of episode 12 & he said he was interested in her in episode 3) and he is unaware that she is Pastel Ink. He likes to play video games, which he sometimes does instead of doing his homework. It was revealed that when Ink went back into the past it was she who got him addicted to video games.

 * Ah-kun (あーくん)
 * A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a duck. He is a hopeless pervert with a lolicon fetish and often drools a waterfall when watching Ink change into Pastel Ink; his viewpoint isn't blocked by ribbons. It was revealed that he was framed by Alice as a peeping tom which got him banished to earth in the first place, this being because he couldn't fall in love with her as her breasts were too big. Arc usually acts as the comic relief. His real form is that of a young handsome man with waist long blond hair.
 * A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a duck. He is a hopeless pervert with a lolicon fetish and often drools a waterfall when watching Ink change into Pastel Ink; his viewpoint isn't blocked by ribbons. It was revealed that he was framed by Alice as a peeping tom which got him banished to earth in the first place, this being because he couldn't fall in love with her as her breasts were too big. Arc usually acts as the comic relief. His real form is that of a young handsome man with waist long blond hair.

 * Sumi Kuroi (黒威 すみ)
 * Sumi is also in love with Nao and becomes Ink's rival. She is 17 years old even though she looks like a grade-schooler. She is very rich and has a spoiled attitude because of that. Sumi also has a notable love of cats, to the point where she has practically everything in her room in a cat image, even her own nightgown is a large cat suit (with a scrotum). She and Ink were friends when they were younger but for unknown reasons they broke apart (probably because of jealousy since she is horrible at English), even though Ink still tries to be Sumi's friend. A few quirks of hers are that the end of the long strand of hair coming from the front of her head usually portrays what ever she is feeling (!,#, gloved finger pointing); and that she usually falls asleep while studying, which results in her getting hit in the head with a slipper by her maid Ruriko. By the end of the series it seems that her crush for Nao has all but faded and she has started to develop feelings for her magical partner Ka-kun (he has feelings for her as well) and has become good friends with Ink once again. Sumi changes into her magical form Tempera Sumi using a red flip phone, through the use of stars, putting her in a cat style outfit with her hair turned red.
 * Sumi is also in love with Nao and becomes Ink's rival. She is 17 years old even though she looks like a grade-schooler. She is very rich and has a spoiled attitude because of that. Sumi also has a notable love of cats, to the point where she has practically everything in her room in a cat image, even her own nightgown is a large cat suit (with a scrotum). She and Ink were friends when they were younger but for unknown reasons they broke apart (probably because of jealousy since she is horrible at English), even though Ink still tries to be Sumi's friend. A few quirks of hers are that the end of the long strand of hair coming from the front of her head usually portrays what ever she is feeling (!,#, gloved finger pointing); and that she usually falls asleep while studying, which results in her getting hit in the head with a slipper by her maid Ruriko. By the end of the series it seems that her crush for Nao has all but faded and she has started to develop feelings for her magical partner Ka-kun (he has feelings for her as well) and has become good friends with Ink once again. Sumi changes into her magical form Tempera Sumi using a red flip phone, through the use of stars, putting her in a cat style outfit with her hair turned red.

 * Ka-kun (Kaksu)
 * A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a cat. He is Sumi's partner. Even though he also has a lolicon fetish it is nowhere as severe as Arc's. He usually gets a nose bleed when Sumi changes. He originally blames Arc for his banishment, getting into many petty arguments with him, until it is revealed that it was all set up by Alice. At the end of the series he seems to have fallen in love with Sumi and his true form is that of a handsome man with short, spiky black hair.
 * A magician in the magical kingdom, usually in the form of a cat. He is Sumi's partner. Even though he also has a lolicon fetish it is nowhere as severe as Arc's. He usually gets a nose bleed when Sumi changes. He originally blames Arc for his banishment, getting into many petty arguments with him, until it is revealed that it was all set up by Alice. At the end of the series he seems to have fallen in love with Sumi and his true form is that of a handsome man with short, spiky black hair.

 * Alice Shiratori (白鳥 ありす)
 * By day, she's a famous singing idol. By night, she's a magical girl just like Ink. Her partner is a rabbit who is seen shaking all the time. She transforms into a magical girl using a blue flip phone, changing through use of green glowing feathers, to hunt down Ah-kun for "sins" he has committed. She won't forgive Ah-kun and plans to destroy him, but now that Ink is protecting him, things might be difficult for her. It is revealed that Eternal Darkness, the true antagonist of the show, was sealed in her heart until it was broken when Arc cast her aside; having Arc and Ka-kun framed and banished so it would be easier to take over the Magical Kingdom. Alice was saved through the combined efforts of Sumi and Ink and her true form was revealed to be that of a beautiful woman with long green hair and an ample bust. Even though she dislikes Arc's perverted nature she is still in love with him.
 * By day, she's a famous singing idol. By night, she's a magical girl just like Ink. Her partner is a rabbit who is seen shaking all the time. She transforms into a magical girl using a blue flip phone, changing through use of green glowing feathers, to hunt down Ah-kun for "sins" he has committed. She won't forgive Ah-kun and plans to destroy him, but now that Ink is protecting him, things might be difficult for her. It is revealed that Eternal Darkness, the true antagonist of the show, was sealed in her heart until it was broken when Arc cast her aside; having Arc and Ka-kun framed and banished so it would be easier to take over the Magical Kingdom. Alice was saved through the combined efforts of Sumi and Ink and her true form was revealed to be that of a beautiful woman with long green hair and an ample bust. Even though she dislikes Arc's perverted nature she is still in love with him.

 * Na-kun (なーくん)
 * Alice's partner in the form of a stuffed rabbit, who wears a red top hat and constantly shakes. It is revealed in episode 10 that Na-kun is a young girl with the same body structure as Sumi and Ink, whom Arc drools over till being hit by Alice.
 * Alice's partner in the form of a stuffed rabbit, who wears a red top hat and constantly shakes. It is revealed in episode 10 that Na-kun is a young girl with the same body structure as Sumi and Ink, whom Arc drools over till being hit by Alice.

 * Ruriko (瑠璃子)
 * Sumi's maid. A lovely young woman who always bears a calm smile, yet she is very strict when it comes to Sumi's studies, often hitting her upside the head with a slipper to wake her up. She has a keen eye, not being fooled when Sumi changes into her magical form. Yet even though she is hard on Sumi and not afraid to point out her master's faults, she acts like an older sister. She is very friendly to Ink and refers to Sumi as Ojousama.
 * Sumi's maid. A lovely young woman who always bears a calm smile, yet she is very strict when it comes to Sumi's studies, often hitting her upside the head with a slipper to wake her up. She has a keen eye, not being fooled when Sumi changes into her magical form. Yet even though she is hard on Sumi and not afraid to point out her master's faults, she acts like an older sister. She is very friendly to Ink and refers to Sumi as Ojousama.

 * Mio Tezuka (手塚 澪)
 * Nao's younger sister. She appears to have some kind of ability to predict the near future. She is an energetic girl and even though she pretends to be fooled, she can tell that Pastel Ink is Ink. Mio also likes the idea of Ink and her brother as a couple and secretly tries to set them up on dates. In episode 12 it is revealed she too is a Magical Girl named Magical Mio with Dandy as her partner; She transforms using an orange flip phone and changing with hearts, her hair turning blond and wearing a pink dog-like suit. Her powers are uncertain since Dandy defeated the enemy himself. Mio is more brutal to her partner's perverted actions than the other magical girls.
 * Nao's younger sister. She appears to have some kind of ability to predict the near future. She is an energetic girl and even though she pretends to be fooled, she can tell that Pastel Ink is Ink. Mio also likes the idea of Ink and her brother as a couple and secretly tries to set them up on dates. In episode 12 it is revealed she too is a Magical Girl named Magical Mio with Dandy as her partner; She transforms using an orange flip phone and changing with hearts, her hair turning blond and wearing a pink dog-like suit. Her powers are uncertain since Dandy defeated the enemy himself. Mio is more brutal to her partner's perverted actions than the other magical girls.

 * Remi Suzuki (鈴木 麗美): Ink's classmate. She takes the stereotypical role in a magical girl series as the beautiful girlfriend to Ink. She has long hair and an ample bust. She adores Ink's little girl appearance and hugs her between her large breasts every time she does something cute.
 * Rina Tanaka (田中 里奈): Ink's classmate. She takes the stereotypical role in a magic girl series as the tomboy to Ink. She is the more level headed of the group and enjoys sports.
 * Rihoko Furuta (古田 りほこ): Ink's teacher.
 * Ink's mother (いんくママ): Ink's mother. A very positive-minded young woman that is only a foot taller than her daughter. She is very clumsy, like her daughter.
 * Dandy aka Da-kun
 * A man wearing a brown trench coat and hat who is seen running from the same police officer in almost every episode (almost like a Zenegata/Lupin relationship). It is never explained why the cop chases Dandy as he is never seen doing anything wrong, and he even helps out Ink every now and again. This has been happening for some time, as in a time travel he was being chased by the same officer, and the officer was seen crying when it appeared that he was unable to arrest Dandy. It is later revealed that he is the King of the Magical Kingdom, and Mio's partner. He turns into the form of a small dog while still wearing his hat, and has a lolicon fetish as well (drooling and having a nose bleed when Mio changes, a combination of Arc and Kaksu's reaction).
 * A man wearing a brown trench coat and hat who is seen running from the same police officer in almost every episode (almost like a Zenegata/Lupin relationship). It is never explained why the cop chases Dandy as he is never seen doing anything wrong, and he even helps out Ink every now and again. This has been happening for some time, as in a time travel he was being chased by the same officer, and the officer was seen crying when it appeared that he was unable to arrest Dandy. It is later revealed that he is the King of the Magical Kingdom, and Mio's partner. He turns into the form of a small dog while still wearing his hat, and has a lolicon fetish as well (drooling and having a nose bleed when Mio changes, a combination of Arc and Kaksu's reaction).

 * Majimero (マジメロ): The transformation item used by Ink, Sumi, Mio and Alice in the forms of cell phones.

Episodes
Takayuki Nagatani, a producer of the Moetan moe anime television series, posted on the official series blog that Episode 6 will be replaced by a highlight clips episode in Japan "for various reasons." Episode 6 will be only available on DVD, while Episode 5.5 "Sumi to Ruriko no Moetan Diary" ("Sumi and Ruriko's Moetan Diary") took over its broadcast slot.

Adaptations
Home page of the TV series hosted 4 square comic strip that are updated daily starting from 2007-07-09. 99 strips had been produced.

Beat Net Radio and Lantis web radio hosted Moetan Listening Radio, featuring Sumi and Ruriko.

Lantis sold Moetan audio drama CD on September 9, 2007.

Lantis sold soundtrack CD for the opening and ending songs of the TV show on July 25, 2007 and August 8, 2007 respectively.

Tetsuya Takahashi produced a comic book titled Moetan Magical Busters, please save the world! (もえたん 〜Magical Busters, please save the world!〜), which was serialized in Moetan monthly magazine (もえたん ぷちげっかん) that is bundled with the August 2007 issue of Gamelabo magazine. The cover for the magazine was illustrated by POP. 4 volumes of the comic are planned. The book followed the design and settings of the TV series.

Video games
On August 9, 2007, Techno Quest Inc. published a vertical shooter, based on the Moetan franchise, for Windows XP titled Moetan Shooting (もえたん·しゅ〜てぃんぐ).

Moetan DS
It is a learning video game using design and cast from the TV series.

Preorder include DVD video.

Combat picture book
Hobby Japan published Nijiiro Ink (from MOETAN) and Alice (from Nitro+ games?) as part of Queen's Gate combat picture book game series, which is based on the Lost Worlds game rules.

title: Moetan


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Betamethasone acetate

Betamethasone acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester. It is the 21-acetate ester of betamethasone.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Betamethasone acetate


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Range state

Range state is a term generally used in zoogeography and conservation biology to refer to any nation that exercises jurisdiction over any part of a range which a particular species, taxon or biotope inhabits, or crosses or overflies at any time on its normal migration route. The term is often expanded to also include, particularly in international waters, any nation with vessels flying their flag that engage in exploitation (e.g. hunting, fishing, capturing) of that species. Countries in which a species occurs only as a vagrant or ‘accidental’ visitor outside of its normal range or migration route are not usually considered range states.

Because governmental conservation policy is often formulated on a national scale, and because in most countries, both governmental and private conservation organisations are also organised at the national level, the range state concept is often used by international conservation organizations in formulating their conservation and campaigning policy.

An example of one such organization is the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS, or the “Bonn Convention”). It is a multilateral treaty focusing on the conservation of critically endangered and threatened migratory species, their habitats and their migration routes. Because such habitats and/or migration routes may span national boundaries, conservation efforts are less likely to succeed without the cooperation, participation, and coordination of each of the range states.

title: Range state


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Birnam

Birnam may refer to:

Australia

 * Birnam, Queensland (North Burnett Region), a neighbourhood within the locality Bancroft
 * Birnam, Queensland (Scenic Rim Region), a locality
 * Birnam, Queensland (Toowoomba Region), a locality

United Kingdom

 * Birnam, Perth and Kinross, a village near Dunkeld, Scotland, the location of Great Birnam Wood in Shakespeare's Macbeth

South Africa

 * Birnam, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg

title: Birnam


text: User talk:60.229.33.214

title: User talk:60.229.33.214


text:
Betamethasone benzoate

Betamethasone benzoate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester.

title: Betamethasone benzoate


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Betamethasone dipropionate

Betamethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, lotion or gel (Diprolene) to treat itching and other skin conditions such as eczema. Minor side effects include dry skin and mild, temporary stinging when applied. Betamethasone dipropionate is a "super high potency" corticosteroid used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. It is a synthetic analog of the adrenal corticosteroids. Although its exact mechanism of action is not known, it is effective when applied topically to cortico-responsive inflammatory dermatoses. It is available as a generic medication.

Adverse effects
Although the absorption of betamethasone dipropionate is small, when used for prolonged periods of time (periods exceeding two weeks), or across a large surface area (total use greater than 50 grams per week), it can have adverse effects. One such effect is the ability of the corticosteroid to suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This can lead to a depression in the release of adrenal hormones such as cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH. Symptoms of HPA axis suppression are often subtle and variable, but can often be detected using simple blood or urine tests such at ACTH stimulation test or urinary free cortisol. Those at increased risk for HPA axis suppression are those who are more likely to absorb more of the steroid through the skin. These groups include:
 * Those who have used topical corticosteroids over a prolonged period of time
 * Those who have used corticosteroids to cover a large surface area
 * Those with broken skin barrier or extensive abrasions
 * Those who have recently undergone stress (such as illness, trauma, surgery)
 * Children under the age of 12

HPA axis suppression is preventable by supplementation with glucocorticosteroids. If HPA axis suppression occurs, it is often reversed shortly after discontinuation of treatment.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of topical corticosteroids depends on several factors such as the vehicle, or delivery system used by the drug, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and whether or not an occlusive bandage is used in combination with the drug.

The absorption of topical betamethasone dipropionate is theoretically minuscule; however, if absorbed it follows the same pharmacokinetic profile as is typical of systemic corticosteroids. It is metabolized primarily by the liver by hydrolysis to its metabolites B17P (primary) and betamethasone and the 6β-hydroxy derivatives of those metabolites, and it is excreted primarily by the kidneys.

Chemistry
Betamethasone dipropionate is a white to almost white crystalline powder.

Regulation
Betamethasone dipropionate was patented by Merck in 1987, as an augmented cream/lotion, Diprolene in the U.S., and Disprosone in Europe. These patents expired in 2003 and 2007 respectively leading to generic production of betamethasone dipropionate. During this time other topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone acetonide and clobetasol propionate also became available as generic creams. Merck filed for "pediatric exclusivity" in 2001 launching a clinical trial to prove betamethasone dipropionate's safety and efficacy for use in pediatrics.

Betamethasone has also been used in the formulation of combination products such as Luxiq, Lotrisone and Taclonex.

 * Prestium Pharma: Luxiq (betamethasone valerate) Foam, 0.12% is a mid-strength corticosteroid foam used primarily to treat psoriasis or other inflammatory conditions of the scalp.
 * Merck: Lotrisone (containing betamethasone dipropionate, clotrimazole) contains both a corticosteroid (betamethasone) and anti-fungal agent (clotrimazole) and is used to treat fungal infections that are also inflamed
 * Leo Pharma: Taclonex (containing betamethasone dipropionate, calcipotriol) is a combination of corticosteroid (betamethasone) and a vitamin D analogue (calcipotriene) and is used to treat frequent and persistent dermatatoses by reducing inflammation and promoting healing of the skin barrier.

Names
Brand names include Alphatrex, Beta-Val, Diprolene, Diprolene AF, Diprosalic (with salicylic acid) Diprosone, Dovobet (LEO Pharma A/S), Eleuphrat and Luxiq.

title: Betamethasone dipropionate


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Betamethasone phosphate

Betamethasone sodium phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester. It is the disodium salt of the phosphate ester of betamethasone.

title: Betamethasone phosphate


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Betamethasone valerate

Betamethasone valerate is a synthetic glucocorticoid ester. It is the 17-valerate ester of betamethasone. Betamethasone valerate is often used to treat mild eczema with good efficacy and lower incidence of steroid induced adverse effects due to its lower potency compared to other glucocorticoids. Betamethasone-17-valerate is available in cream, ointment, lotion, and foam preparations for topical use.

title: Betamethasone valerate


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/My Block

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

My Block
Non-notable forum. Delete. A Link to the Past 23:10, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Delete. Non-notable, non-encyclopedic, apparent vanity page. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 23:11, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. Dcarrano 01:39, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I doubt its existence and the contents is nonsensical.  Kelvinc
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 03:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - just another stupid web forum. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Sulfoxide

In organic chemistry, a sulfoxide, also called a sulphoxide, is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl (>SO) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group. Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides. Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin, a precursor to the compound that gives freshly crushed garlic its aroma, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent.

Structure and bonding
Sulfoxides feature relatively short S–O distances. In DMSO, the S–O distance is 1.531 Å. The sulfur center is pyramidal; the sum of the angles at sulfur is about 306°. Sulfoxides are generally represented with the structural formula R−S(=O)−R', where R and R' are organic groups. The bond between the sulfur and oxygen atoms is intermediate of a dative bond and a polarized double bond. The double-bond resonance form implies 10 electrons around sulfur (10-S-3 in N-X-L notation). The double-bond character of the S−O bond may be accounted for by donation of electron density into C−S antibonding orbitals ("no-bond" resonance forms in valence-bond language). Nevertheless, due to its simplicity and lack of ambiguity, the IUPAC recommends use of the expanded octet double-bond structure to depict sulfoxides, rather than the dipolar structure or structures that invoke "no-bond" resonance contributors. The S–O interaction has an electrostatic aspect, resulting in significant dipolar character, with negative charge centered on oxygen.

Chirality
A lone pair of electrons resides on the sulfur atom, giving it tetrahedral electron-pair geometry and trigonal pyramidal shape (steric number 4 with one lone pair; see VSEPR theory). When the two organic residues are dissimilar, the sulfur atom is a chiral center, for example, in methyl phenyl sulfoxide. The energy barrier required to invert this stereocenter is sufficiently high that sulfoxides are optically stable near room temperature. That is, the rate of racemization is slow at room temperature. The enthalpy of activation for racemization is in the range 35 - 42 kcal/mol and the corresponding entropy of activation is -8 - +4 cal/mol-K. The barriers are lower for allylic and benzylic substituents.

Preparation
Sulfoxides are typically prepared by oxidation of sulfides, sometimes referred to as sulfoxidation. hydrogen peroxide is a typical oxidant, but periodate has also been used. In these oxidations, care is required to avoid over oxidation to form the sulfone. For example, dimethyl sulfide is oxidized to dimethyl sulfoxide and then further to dimethyl sulfone. Unsymmetrical sulfides are prochiral, thus their oxidation gives chiral sulfoxides. This process can be performed enantioselectively.

Symmetrical sulfoxides can be formed from a diorganylzinc compound and liquid sulfur dioxide.

Aryl sulfoxides
In addition to the oxidation routes, diaryl sulfoxides can be prepared by two Friedel–Crafts arylations of sulfur dioxide using an acid catalyst:
 * 2 ArH +  SO2   →  Ar2SO  +  H2O

Both aryl sulfinyl chlorides and diaryl sulfoxides can be also prepared from arenes through reaction with thionyl chloride in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts such as BiCl3, Bi(OTf)3, LiClO4, or NaClO4.

Deoxygenation and oxygenation
Sulfoxides undergo deoxygenation to give sulfides. Typically metal complexes are used to catalyze the reaction, using hydrosilanes as the stoichiometric reductant. The deoxygenation of dimethylsulfoxide is catalyzed by DMSO reductase, a molybdoenzyme:
 * OSMe2 +  2e−  +  2 H+  →   SMe2  +  H2O

Acid-base reactions
The α-CH groups of alkyl sulfoxides are susceptible to deprotonation by strong bases, such as sodium hydride:
 * CH3S(O)CH3 +  NaH   →   CH3S(O)CH2Na  +  H2

In the Pummerer rearrangement, alkyl sulfoxides react with acetic anhydride to give migration of the oxygen from sulfur to the adjacent carbon as an acetate ester. The first step of the reaction sequence involves the sulfoxide oxygen acting as a nucleophile:
 * Pummerer Rearrangement V.1.svg

Elimination reactions
Sulfoxide undergo thermal elimination via an Ei mechanism to yield vinyl alkenes and sulfenic acids.

 * CH3S(O)CH2CH2R →  CH3SOH  +  CH2=CHR

The acids are powerful antioxidants, but lack long-term stability. Some parent sulfoxides are therefore marketed as antioxidant polymer stabilisers. Structures based on thiodipropionate esters are popular. The reverse reaction is possible.

Coordination chemistry

Sulfoxides, especially DMSO, form coordination complexes with transition metals. Depending on the hard-soft properties of the metal, the sulfoxide binds through either the sulfur or the oxygen atom. The latter is particularly common.

Applications and occurrence

DMSO is a widely used solvent.

The sulfoxide functional group occurs in several drugs. Notable is esomeprazole, the optically pure form of the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole. Another commercially important sulfoxides include armodafinil.

Methionine sulfoxide forms from the amino acid methionine and its accumulation is associated with aging. The enzyme DMSO reductase catalyzes the interconversion of DMSO and dimethylsulfide.

Naturally-occurring chiral sulfoxides include alliin and ajoene.

title: Sulfoxide


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/T. H. Slade-Galen

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  14:21, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

T. H. Slade-Galen
I was considering speedying this but hung back because it just feels too long to classify as patent nonsense. No google hits at all. It purports to be the biography of someone who is "not a real person in the strictest, literal sense". David | Talk 23:14, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems to be a (very strange) way to hype a blog. Delete, thoroughly not notable.  Dcarrano 01:35, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 03:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per JamesBurns. Quale 21:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Saginaw Gears

The Saginaw Gears were two separate ice hockey teams from Saginaw, Michigan:

 * Saginaw Gears (IHL), International Hockey League team (1972–83)
 * Saginaw Gears (UHL), United Hockey League team (1998–99)

title: Saginaw Gears


text:
Blue Haven

Blue Haven may refer to:

 * Blue Haven, New South Wales, a suburb on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia
 * Blue Haven, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa

title: Blue Haven


text:
James Lick High School

James Lick High School is a public high school in San Jose, California, US, located in the Alum Rock district of East San Jose. The school is part of the East Side Union High School District.

History
James Lick High School opened in 1950 at the base of the East Foothills of San Jose; orchards and open land surrounded the established residential area. Its reach included homes in the Foothills overlooking the entire breadth of Santa Clara Valley. The land had been part of a proposed site for the city's airport in 1928. The school was named for James Lick (1796–1876), benefactor of the Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton, 17 mi east.

It was the first of 11 comprehensive, traditional high schools in the East Side Union High School District, and it quickly became the standard for educational quality in the emerging district. The school built a tradition of excellence in the classroom and on the athletic fields. For many years after its opening, James Lick was viewed as the "jewel" at the base of the foothills.

The community surrounding James Lick changed much in the subsequent decades, as orchards were replaced with apartment complexes and single family homes. As the community changed, so did the make-up of its student body. After decades as a recognized leader among comprehensive high schools, it entered a period of decline. In the 1990s, a high rate of turnover developed in the school's population and standardized scores declined precipitously.

In 1999, James Lick was declared "an underperforming school". Many families, concerned about academic quality and issues of school safety, removed their students by way of the "No Child Left Behind" legislation. The surrounding area, during the economic decline of recent years, became a haven for families seeking affordable places to live. Concurrently, many first-time homeowners found themselves in the county's epicenter of foreclosure. Even after some easing of that housing crisis, the neighborhood of James Lick High School still held Santa Clara County's top foreclosure rate out of 226 neighborhoods in 2012.

Athletics
The number of students participating in James Lick High School's athletic programs has grown, along with their success on the field. James Lick offers 14 distinct sports: cross country, American football, boys' and girls' volleyball, boys' and girls' soccer, boys' and girls' basketball, wrestling, softball, baseball, badminton, track and field, swimming and diving.

In the 2011–12 school year, 458 students participated in a sports program – 273 boys and 185 girls. This reflects the increased number of on-site coaches, improved sports and locker room facilities for girls and the presence of an athletic director keen on improving the professionalism and performance of its athletes and coaches.

In the 2013–14 school year, the boys' soccer team wonthe league title for the first time since 1967. Showing immense skill and dedication, the team advanced into the quarter-finals of the CCS championships, defeating Greenfield High School 2–1 in overtime. This run continued until the team finally lost to the #1 seed, Half Moon Bay High School. The boys' and girls' basketball teams were also successful that year, both advancing to CCS. This was the basketball girls first visit to the CCS level of competition since 2008.

Academic
Academic Performance Index (API) scores improved from 588 in the 2006–07 school year to 674 in 2011–12. Today, consistent with James Lick's recovered vision of moving all students forward to success, its ongoing focus is on all learning communities—to meet them where they are and move them toward greater achievement.

Crucial to James Lick's rise in recent years are the specific steps it has taken, developing a college-going culture, emphasizing graduation and A-G compliance as preparation for post-high school study. A continuing effort has been made to increase both the number of AP classes and the number of students enrolled in upper division courses.

AP courses
According to U.S. News & World Report in 2022, the Advanced Placement (AP) participation rate is 67%. The AP participation passing rate is 44%.

For the 2018–2019 school year, James Lick High School offered the following AP courses:
 * AP Calculus AB
 * AP Chemistry
 * AP Computer Science A
 * AP English Language and Composition
 * AP English Literature and Composition
 * AP Psychology
 * AP Spanish Language and Culture
 * AP Spanish Literature and Culture
 * AP Statistics
 * AP United States History
 * AP World History
 * AP Studio Art 2D and Drawing
 * AP United States Government and Politics
 * AP United States History
 * AP World History

Testing at James Lick
Student performance on the California High School Exit Exam has improved notably at James Lick High School. Students are prepared via support classes, after-school support and targeted instruction to CAHSEE standards in order to test proficient on the exam as sophomores. In 2011–12, 76% of students taking the mathematics portion of the CAHSEE passed, a 16% increase from the 2006–07 passing rate of 60%. Among students taking the English portion of the CAHSEE, 74% passed in 2011–12, a 14% increase from the 2006–07 passing rate of 60%.

Fire Safety Pathway Vocational Program
The school's Fire Service Pathway prepares participants for entry-level positions in the fire protective industry such as fire fighter, emergency medical technician, paramedic, fire inspector and fire investigator. After successful completion of the fire service pathway and graduation, students have the opportunity to:

Program Highlights
 * Attend a CSU/UC campus to pursue a bachelor's degree
 * Attend community college to pursue an associate degree
 * Attend other certification programs
 * Apply for an apprenticeship opportunity
 * CPAT Training
 * Fieldtrips
 * Wilderness First Aid
 * CSU Eligibility
 * CPR First Aid Certification
 * Fire Service Networking
 * Community Involvement
 * Emergency Medical Technician Test Preparation and Certification
 * Post-Secondary Employment Opportunities

Demographics
James Lick High School serves working class and predominantly low-income, first and second-generation immigrant families. In 2011–12, 46% of students submitted qualifying applications for the free and reduced lunch program, although the actual percentage of low-income families is much higher. Stigma regarding free and reduced lunch status, as well as concerns regarding "documentation", affect this reported percentage. Between 2006–07 and 2011–12, enrollment grew from 1,055 to 1,416 and student achievement grew from 588 to 674 API points, confirming that just as a community changes over 60 years, so can a school enhance its instructional delivery and services, honoring the demands and goals of those it serves. The James Lick staff continues to embrace this challenge.

In the 2006–07 school year, out of 1,055 students, 77.1% were of Hispanic descent, 8.3% White, 7.4% Asian, 4.1% Filipino, 2.1% African American and 0.5% American Indian.

In the 2011–12 school year, out of 1,416 students, 74% of all students were of Hispanic descent, 7% White, 15% Asian, 2% African American and 1% American Indian.

Controversy
In April 2018, the school proposed cutting its physics science program for the 2018–2019 school year and letting students interested in taking that class look at other high schools. This would prevent graduates from being accepted to University of California colleges that recommend students have three years of core science (physics, chemistry and biology). A petition to reverse the decision was started by members of the Northern California/ Nevada Section of the American Association of Physics Teachers.

Graduation
The emphasis on graduation and moving on to post-high school success has increased, along with the percentage of seniors who graduate. 2012 was the first year since 2004 when over 200 seniors graduated. The number of students meeting A-G requirements hit a new high in 2011–12 with 93 students eligible, 73 of whom applied and were accepted by four-year colleges and universities.

While the percentage of seniors graduating from James Lick High School has increased, the one- and four-year dropout rates for students must be acknowledged. Since the 2007–08 school year, ever-fewer students have dropped out. In 2009–10, the one-year dropout rate was 3.3% and the four-year rate was 16.4%. Credit recovery programs, scheduling supports and summer programs allow students to earn additional credits during the last two years of their enrollment at James Lick.

Notable alumni

 * Leon Donohue, NFL offensive lineman
 * Forrest Fezler, PGA Tour golfer
 * Chon Gallegos, NFL quarterback
 * Melissa Haro, Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue model
 * Dan Lloyd, NFL linebacker
 * Roger Maltbie, professional golfer and sportscaster
 * Jim Plunkett, NFL quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner
 * Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, author of Farewell to Manzanar
 * Luis Valdez, playwright and film director
 * Mark Leon, Robotics Alliance Project, NASA Ames Research Center

title: James Lick High School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Green (man of many talents)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  03:37, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

David Green (man of many talents)
Vanity page 82.44.213.192 23:20, 16 July 2005 (UTC) 31.44.263.112 23:18, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I suspect attack page by some pathetic student hack who dislikes him. Delete anyway. David | Talk 23:24, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. While he may be a man of many talents, none of them appear to be of encyclopedic interest at this stage. Capitalistroadster 01:22, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete he may have tried to sell a college on eBay, but that doesn't make him notable. --Etacar11 03:39, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I am the very same David Green of this article: please delete it. I'm not all that interesting. Oxymoron 19:40, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. JamesBurns 03:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. 194.60.38.10 09:35, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Sinead Mandlik took his virginity Bajocbi 20:56, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that this editor attempted to alter the votes in any earlier edit of this page. --Calton | Talk 03:23, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Firstly, Delete, secondly, the Votes for Deletion banner seems to have been deleted from the top of the actual page, by Bajocbi. Anyone know how to put it back?217.43.134.122 11:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. We love Dave. Also well done Charlie. Uncantabrigian 17.52, 22 July 2005 (BST) (Vote actually by )
 * Uncantabrigian is none other than Craig Aston, DRO, LC, Coll. Keblense, and is a computer in the Keble computer room. Trust me here. Uncantabrigian. Oh and keep Dave here too. He will be the next Tory Prime Minister.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Daren Brantley

Initial talk page...

title: User talk:Daren Brantley


text:
African Meeting House

The African Meeting House, also known variously as First African Baptist Church, First Independent Baptist Church and the Belknap Street Church, was built in 1806 and is now the oldest black church edifice still standing in the United States. The church also established a school, at first holding classes in its basement. After serving most of the nineteenth century as a church, it then served as a synagogue until 1972 when it was purchased for the Museum of African American History. It is located in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent to the historically Black American Abiel Smith School, now also part of the museum. It is a National Historic Landmark.

Church
Before 1805, although black Bostonians could attend white churches, they generally faced discrimination. They were assigned seats only in the balconies and were not given voting privileges.

Thomas Paul, a Black American preacher from New Hampshire, led worship meetings for blacks at Faneuil Hall. Paul, with twenty of his members, officially formed the First African Baptist Church on August 8, 1805. In the same year, land was purchased for a building. The African Meeting House, as it came to be commonly called, was completed the next year. At the public dedication on December 6, 1806, the first-floor pews were reserved for all those "benevolently disposed to the Africans," while the black members sat in the balcony of their new meeting house.

Ministers

 * Thomas Paul, c. 1805–1829
 * John Peck, c. 1830
 * Washington Christian, c. 1831
 * Thomas Ritchie, c. 1832
 * Samuel Gooch, c. 1833–1834
 * John Given, c. 1835
 * Armstrong W. Archer, c. 1837
 * George H. Black, c. 1838–1840
 * John T. Raymond, c. 1841–1845
 * William B. Serrington, c. 1848–1849
 * William Thompson, c. 1851–1853
 * Thomas Henson, c. 1856–1858
 * J. Sella Martin, c. 1860–1862
 * H. H. White, c. 1864

School (1806–1835)
In the early 1800s, Primus Hall had established a school in his home. He sought funding from the community, including Black American sailors, to pay for expenses to run the school. Unsuccessful in attempts to establish a public school with the city of Boston in 1800, he moved his school to the African Meeting House by 1806. Hall continued fund-raising to support the Black American school until 1835.

"Besides inspiring Boston's Black Americans to pursue justice and quality in education, the school offered them opportunities for employment and economic growth, which in turn provided funds for future generations of Black American Bostonians to pursue higher education."

The Abiel Smith School was built in 1834 following the donation of $2,000 (~$ in ) by Abiel Smith. The primary and grammar school was the first building built as a public school for Black Americans in the country. In 1835, all Black American children in Boston were assigned to the Smith school, which replaced the basement school in the African Meeting House.

Civic activities (1832 and Civil War)
The African Meeting House became known as the Black Faneuil Hall during the abolitionist movement. On January 6, 1832, William Lloyd Garrison founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society here. During the Civil War, Frederick Douglass and others recruited soldiers here for the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Regiments.

Synagogue (late 19th century – 1972)
At the end of the 19th century, when the black community began to migrate to the South End and Roxbury, the building was sold to a Jewish congregation, Anshei Lubavitch. They were the new immigrants in the city and living on Beacon Hill and in the North End. It served as a synagogue until 1972, when it was acquired by the Museum of African American History and adapted as a museum.

Museum (c. 1972–present)
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

The African Meeting House houses the Museum of African American History, which is a museum "dedicated to preserving, conserving and accurately interpreting the contributions of African Americans in New England from the colonial period through the 19th century," according to the museum's website. The African Meeting House is open to the public. This site is part of Boston African American National Historic Site.

Adjacent to the African Meeting House, is the Education and Technology Center. The Trust for Public Land assisted in the acquisition of the building when the museum needed space to expand.

Construction and remodeling
Funds for the African Meeting House were raised in both the white and black communities. Cato Gardner, a native of Africa, was responsible for raising more than $1,500 toward the total $7,700 to complete the meeting house. A commemorative inscription above the front door reads: "Cato Gardner, first Promoter of this Building 1806." Scipio and Sylvia Dalton also helped organize and raise money to build the church.

Although the building committee was able to secure $2,500 for the church, the congregation and the committee were compelled to ask the Massachusetts legislation for funds to complete construction. This funding request required an accounting of persons who worked on and supplied materials to the construction project and documents that both African-American and white laborers contributed to it. This accounting lists, for example, that the white carpenter Amos Penniman worked on the African Meeting House. This research has not yet located this document, but it does substantiate that Abel Barbadoes did masonry work on the building, as Chloe Thomas, then a resident of the Home for Aged Colored Women, told George Ruffin in 1883:

"I heard from the lips of some of our most honored fathers, Cato Gardner, Father Primus Hall, Hamlet Earl, Scipio Dalton, Peter G. Smith, G.H. Holmes, that George Holmes made the first hod to carry bricks and mortar that was ever used in Boston. He invented it for the purpose of carrying bricks and mortar to build our meeting house with as he was a mason and calculated to do his part to the best of his ability. And Boston Smith, father of P.G. Smith, with the rest of his devoted brothers, was anxious to do all in his power. As Boston Smith was a master builder, he led the carpentry department...Abel Barbadoes, being a master mason also assisted. He was the father of Mrs. Catherine Barbadoes at 27 Myrtle Street."

The façade of the African Meeting House is an adaptation of a design for a townhouse published by Boston architect Asher Benjamin. In addition to its religious and educational activities, the meeting house became a place for celebrations and political and anti-slavery meetings. The African Meeting House was remodeled by the congregation in the 1850s.

title: African Meeting House


text:
Jewel House

The Jewel House is a vault housing the British Crown Jewels in the Waterloo Block (formerly a barracks) at the Tower of London. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 and refurbished in 2012. Regalia have been kept in various parts of the Tower since the 14th century after a series of successful and attempted thefts at Westminster Abbey.

Pre-17th century
A Keeper of the Crown Jewels was appointed in 1207. Over the subsequent centuries his title varied, from Keeper of the King's Jewels, Master of the Jewel House, Master and Treasurer of the King's Jewels and Plate, or Keeper of the Jewel House. He was also Treasurer of the Chamber, a division of the Royal Household of the monarch. In this position he was also called Keeper of the Court Wardrobe, Keeper of the Privy Wardrobe, or Receiver of the Chamber. In this capacity, he represented the Lord Treasurer's interests in the regalia, and the wardrobe and privy wardrobe. Because of this, the Receiver of the Chamber exercised delegated authority over the Crown Jewels, especially those kept at the Tower of London (these two positions were separated in 1485).

Although a treasury had been located in the Tower of London from the earliest times (as in the sub-crypt of St John's Chapel in the White Tower), from 1255 there was a separate Jewel House for state crowns and regalia, though not older crowns and regalia, in the grounds of Westminster Abbey. This Jewel House stood by the now-demolished Wardrobe Tower.

In 1378, the keeper gained control over at least a part of the royal jewels, and had a box in which he kept them, with two keys: one for himself and the other for the Lord Treasurer. This was the beginning of the Jewel House Department. The royal treasure was usually kept in the Tower of London, and at the Great Treasury, Westminster. Additionally, coronation regalia was, over the centuries, kept in the Chamber of the Pyx in Westminster Abbey. From the foundation of the abbey in c. 1050 until 1303, the Chamber of the Pyx also held the general royal treasury. Most crowns were kept in the Tower of London from the time of Henry III, as were coronation regalia from 1643, except for some items which were in the abbey during the time of James II.

Following Richard de Podnecott's attempted robbery of the Chamber of the Pyx in 1303, some regalia were moved to the Tower of London for safekeeping. A new Jewel House was built near the White Tower in 1378, and by the 1530s the reserve of jewels and plate was brought together in the rebuilt Jewel House, on the south side of the White Tower. Regalia were kept on the upper floor and plate on the lower floor. The coronation regalia would remain at Westminster Abbey until the 17th century.

1660–1814
The first keeper (however styled) after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Sir Gilbert Talbot, was the last to exercise day-to-day control over the Jewel House. At that time, he was styled as Master and Treasurer of the Jewels and Plate. Spare plate was kept at the Palace of Whitehall, and later, probably, at St James's Palace. Very large quantities of spare plate were melted down and sold in 1680, and thereafter the Jewel House held comparatively little besides the items held at the Tower of London, though much of it was out on loan.

From 1660, as the Privy Wardrobe was no longer at the Tower of London, a caretaker was appointed as watchman for the Master of the Jewel House. He later became known as the Keeper of the Regalia or Keeper of the Jewel Office at the Tower. From this appointment, a separate branch of the Jewel House Department developed. When the latter was closed down, the Tower of London Jewel House alone remained. From 1665, the regalia were on show to the public, and over time this activity of the Jewel House became increasingly important.

In 1669, the regalia were moved to a new chamber in the Martin Tower. A custodian named Talbot Edwards showed the jewels to visitors for a small fee. At first, this was a very informal arrangement, with Edwards taking the regalia out of a locked cupboard to show it. The arrangement was ended in 1671, when Colonel Thomas Blood overpowered the custodian, tied him up and, with the help of three accomplices, made off with the Crown Jewels. All the items were recovered, though some had been damaged; St Edward's Crown had been crushed with a mallet, and the Sovereign's Orb took a dent.

Drastic changes followed: an armed guard was provided, the collection was put behind bars in a windowless room, and the first guidebook to the Crown Jewels was published, formally establishing it as a visitor attraction. People were locked inside the tower during their visit and only permitted to see the jewels from a distance. For a small fee, they could reach through the bars and touch some of the jewels.

In 1782, as part of a wider rationalisation of the Royal Household, the Department of the Jewel Office, under the Master of the Jewel Office, who was generally a senior politician, was abolished, and the Lord Chamberlain's Office took over the accounting functions, with an official called the Officer of the Jewels and Plate. From 1782 until 1814, there was only a resident caretaker to guard the regalia and other jewels at the Tower of London. In 1814, a Keeper of the Jewel House was appointed. He had a servant as "Exhibitor" (renamed Curator in 1921), responsible for the day-to-day custody of the jewels.

1815–1966
In 1815, a female visitor (later found insane) grabbed the State Crown and pulled it to bits, causing more than £10 worth of damage. This and the poor quality of the keeper's live-in accommodation led to an overhaul in 1816. A rail was installed to keep the public at a distance from the jewels, and the repaired State Crown and Exeter Salt were put in glass cases on revolving tables. The whole collection was lit by six powerful argand lamps.

By now, the Jewel House was a very lucrative business and, in the 1830s, the keeper earned £550 a year. When he lowered the entrance fee in 1838 in a bid to attract more visitors, his income soared to £1,500. Aghast, the Treasury, which received no money from the enterprise but paid for the upkeep of the jewels, began to make new arrangements. In 1840, they drew up plans for the construction of a new building in the Tower of London to house the collection, opened in 1842.

The Crown Jewels were displayed in glass cases in the middle of a room with large windows so that people could walk around them and see them more clearly. In 1852, the keeper was formally recognised as a member of the Royal Household and paid a fixed salary. Unfortunately, the new Jewel House building was judged to be a fire hazard, and so a new chamber was constructed on the upper floor of the Wakefield Tower in 1868 by the architect Anthony Salvin. Apart from their temporary removal during war, and for ceremonial use, the Crown Jewels remained there until 1967.

1967–1993
After the Second World War, the 19th century Jewel House was inadequate both in terms of security and public access. At peak times, 1,500 visitors a day were coming to see the jewels. The 1967 Jewel House was built in the west wing of the Waterloo Barracks at a cost of £360,000 and it was designed to cater for up to 5,000 visitors a day. An underground vault extending out under the lawns in front of the barracks housed the priceless coronation regalia, while the State Trumpets, maces and plate were displayed on the ground floor. Visitors walked down 49 steps to enter the concrete vault, said to be able to protect the Crown Jewels against a nuclear attack, and the regalia were in a large star-shaped case designed by the architect Alan Irvine, around which visitors proceeded clockwise under the supervision of wardens. A raised gallery 2 metres (7 ft) from the case allowed people to view the collection at a more leisurely pace.

An assistant curator had been appointed in 1963, and a second in 1968, when a new independent body of wardens and senior wardens was created to replace the former detail of Yeomen Warders of the Tower of London who had been responsible for the outward protection of the jewels. The post of Keeper of the Jewel House was combined with that of the Resident Governor of the Tower of London in 1968, and a Deputy Governor assumed much of his responsibilities. In 1990, the Jewel House and the Tower of London became the responsibility of the new Historic Royal Palaces agency.

1994–2011
By the 1980s, up to 15,000 people a day were visiting the jewels, causing queues up to an hour long. The display had also begun to look old-fashioned; according to David Beeton, then CEO of Historic Royal Palaces, "they were displayed as if they were in a jeweller's shop window". In 1992, it was decided to bring the coronation regalia out of the underground vault and build a new Jewel House with larger capacity on the ground floor of the building at a cost of £10 million. Inspiration for the layout and presentation was taken from Disneyland, the Seville Expo and jewel houses across Europe.

Queen Elizabeth II opened the new Jewel House on 24 March 1994. It occupies almost the entire ground floor of the Waterloo Block (formerly a barracks) and is designed to allow up to 20,000 people a day to see the collection of more than 100 priceless objects and 23,578 diamonds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires. They were lit by state-of-the-art fibre optics and rested on French velvet.

However, critics derided the experience as "just an exercise in crowd management, beautifully lit and presented but literally mechanistic", a reference to the six-inch-thick, two-tonne steel doors, and the use of a travelator at peak times.

Present day
In 2012, the exhibit was given a £2.5 million revamp to include a new introduction area with a video showing the history of the Crown Jewels and explaining how they are used in the coronation ceremony. The jewels themselves are displayed in the order they are used in the ceremony, and Handel's coronation anthems can be heard as visitors tour the exhibition. Brighter lights were installed to present the jewels in a more natural way, and a new lift provides disabled access to the viewing platform. The Princess Royal officially reopened the Jewel House on 29 March 2012.

The underground vault built in 1967 is home to 25,000 architectural drawings of historic royal palaces.

Security
The Crown Jewels are protected by bombproof glass, and visitors to the tower are closely watched by more than 100 hidden CCTV cameras. The security of the Tower of London as a whole is provided by the 22-strong Tower Guard which has been at the Waterloo Block since 1845. They are on detachment from the British Army and "operate under orders agreed with the Ministry of Defence to ensure the security of the Crown Jewels".

The 38 Yeomen Warders, ex-military personnel employed by Historic Royal Palaces, also provide security, though their daytime role is more concerned with managing the large number of visitors. Unlike the soldiers of the Tower Guard, who rotate, the Yeomen Warders are permanent and live in the tower itself. The present body dates from 1485, and they wear similar uniforms to the Sovereign's bodyguards, the Yeomen of the Guard, of which they have been extraordinary members since 1550.

The jewels are removed on the authority of the Lord Chamberlain, head of the Royal Household, exercised by his deputy the Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office. He signs a voucher on receipt of the items from the Deputy Governor. Only the Crown Jeweller can handle the regalia. It is customary for armed police officers to be present at all times. In 2011, Colonel Richard Harrold was appointed as the Keeper of the Jewel House. By May 2023, the Keeper was Brigadier Andrew Jackson; he took part in the Royal Procession at the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla, carrying the King's ring. The Chief Exhibitor of the Jewel House is Keith Hanson, and the Deputy Chief Exhibitor is Lyn Jones.

title: Jewel House


text:
Talk:Vivian Grey

Untitled
Historians are generally unaminous in calling Vivian Grey a failure which nearly sank Disraeli's career. I've placed a dispute tag on the article and will be re-writing over the next few days. Mackensen (talk) 23:19, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strike that, I should have read Blake a little more carefully. It caused offence within the Tory literary world, but was rather popular otherwise. I'll remove the dispute tag. Mackensen (talk) 14:10, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That may be- but I think the hyperbole in the article could definitely stand to be toned down a bit. I've tagged it for neutrality and lack of references. Badgerpatrol 17:45, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I have added information to the description of Vivian Grey, to correct some facts and also to challenge the position that Vivian Grey "is" Benjamin Disraeli. User:Wendyeb —Preceding undated comment added 22:29, 17 April 2011 (UTC).

I cut the following:

"Vivian Grey includes the first use in print in English of the word "millionaire" (I.ix): "Were I the son of a Millionaire or a noble, I might have all". "

First of all, you can find it here in 1824:

https://books.google.com/books?id=ATlYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR6&dq=A+ride+of+eight+hundred+miles+in+France++By+James+Paul+Cobbett&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iJTiVMSGGIvcoAT9kIHICg&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=A%20ride%20of%20eight%20hundred%20miles%20in%20France%20%20By%20James%20Paul%20Cobbett&f=false

Second, the OED is not properly cited, and even if it were, the earliest dated example in the OED is not necessarily the earliest use. VaneWimsey (talk) 01:10, 17 February 2015 (UTC)

Earl of Beaconsfield
Is one of the characters in this work of fiction the Earl of Beaconsfield, a title that Disraeli later carried? J S Ayer (talk) 00:18, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Lord Beaconsfield, yes, I can't recall if it's ever indicated what grade of title he holds. I suspect it's somewhat coincidental, Disraeli lived nearby Beaconsfield later in life. Mackensen (talk) 00:27, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vivian Grey


text:
Valley Railroad

The following railroads have been called Valley Railroad:
 * Connecticut Valley Railroad, 1868-1887, a defunct railroad in the state of Connecticut
 * Valley Railroad (Connecticut), a heritage railroad
 * Valley Railroad (New York), 1869-1945, predecessor of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
 * Valley Railroad (Pennsylvania), Westline to Kushequa
 * Valley Railroad (Virginia), predecessor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
 * Valley Railway, former shortline in Ohio

title: Valley Railroad


text:
List of universities and colleges in Cyprus

This is a list of universities and colleges in Cyprus, including campuses of foreign universities.

Universities

For the full list of universities and colleges in Northern Cyprus, see.

Ecclesiastical schools
The Cyprus Church Theological School (ΘΣΕΚ) was founded as a private school on June 19, 2015. It is under the auspices of the Church of Cyprus and will give students a theological education with the possibility of the scientific work and critical discussion. This degree course enables candidates to engage in the Orthodox priesthood.

Private Institutions of Tertiary Education

 * American College (Nicosia)
 * Aigaia School of Art and Design
 * Alexander College
 * Arte Music Academy
 * Atlantis College
 * Casa College
 * CBS - College of Business Studies Cyprus
 * CDA College
 * Church of Cyprus - School of Theology
 * City Unity College Nicosia
 * Cyprus Academy of Art
 * Cyprus College
 * Cyprus International Institute of Management
 * Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine
 * Frederick Institute of Technology
 * Freshart College of Arts
 * Global College
 * Institute of Professional Studies (IPS), UCLan Cyprus
 * Intercollege
 * InterNapa College (Ammochostos)
 * KES College
 * Larnaca College (Larnaka)
 * Ledra College
 * Mesoyios College (Lemesos)
 * M.K.C. City College Larnaca (Larnaka)
 * P.A. College (Larnaka)
 * Susini College
 * The CTL EuroCollege (Lemesos)
 * The Cyprus Institute
 * The Cyprus Institute of Marketing
 * The Limassol College - T.L.C. (Lemesos)
 * The Philips College
 * Vladimiros Kafkaridis School of Drama

Defunct

 * Higher Technical Institute


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Chris Brookmyre

Christopher Brookmyre (born 6 September 1968) is a Scottish novelist whose novels, generally in a crime or police procedural frame, mix comedy, politics, social comment and action with a strong narrative. He has been referred to as a Tartan Noir author. His debut novel was Quite Ugly One Morning; subsequent works have included All Fun and Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye (2005), Black Widow (2016) and Bedlam (2013), which was written in parallel with the development of a first-person shooter videogame, also called Bedlam. He also writes historical fiction with his wife, Dr Marisa Haetzman, under the pseudonym Ambrose Parry.

Biography
Brookmyre was born in Glasgow and raised and schooled in Barrhead, attending St. Mark's Primary School and St Luke's High School, before attending the University of Glasgow.

Brookmyre is married to Dr. Marisa Haetzman, an anaesthetist, with whom he has a son, and supports St Mirren F.C., references to Scottish football ('fitba') frequently featuring in his books. Brookmyre is a member of the Fun Lovin' Crime Writers, a cover band also comprising crime novelists Mark Billingham, Doug Johnstone, Val McDermid, Stuart Neville and Luca Veste. Between April 2008 and December 2015, he was the President of Humanist Society Scotland.

Jack Parlabane
Eight of Brookmyre's novels (Quite Ugly One Morning, Country of the Blind, Boiling a Frog, Be My Enemy, Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, Dead Girl Walking, Black Widow and Want You Gone) centre on the investigative journalist Jack Parlabane. Parlabane also stars in the short stories Bampot Central, Place B. and The Last Day of Christmas with the latter serving as a short prelude to Dead Girl Walking. Parlabane also appears in Fallen Angel

Angelique de Xavia
Three of Brookmyre's novels feature the character of counterterrorism officer Angelique de Xavia: A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away, The Sacred Art of Stealing, and A Snowball in Hell. A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away and A Snowball in Hell pit Xavia against international terrorist-for-hire Simon Darcourt. A Snowball in Hell was originally due to be titled The Great Grease-Tailed Shaven Pig Hunt.

Jasmine Sharp and Catherine McLeod
Three of Brookmyre's novels feature the characters Jasmine Sharp, a private detective, and Catherine McLeod, a senior police detective: Where the Bodies Are Buried, When the Devil Drives, and Flesh Wounds. McLeod also features in the short story Siege Mentality, and The Last Siege of Bothwell Castle, and has minor roles in Dead Girl Walking and Black Widow, and a minor reference in Fallen Angel.

Bedlam
Bedlam was released in 2013. The book has been turned into a video game, also written by Brookmyre.

Ambrose Parry
In 2018, Brookmyre wrote The Way of All Flesh with his wife, Dr. Marisa Haetzman. It was published under the pseudonym Ambrose Parry. In 2020, the team followed up with The Art of Dying, and in 2021, A Corruption of Blood.

Recurring characters
With the possible exceptions of Pandaemonium and Bedlam, Brookmyre's books are all set in the same "universe" and contain a number of recurring characters, especially the appearance or mention of major characters (such as Parlabane) in incidental roles in other stories. Some of the recurring characters are listed below:

 * Jack Parlabane, an investigative journalist with an attitude towards the laws covering trespass and burglary best described as flexible. Parlabane was the protagonist of Brookmyre's debut Quite Ugly One Morning and is, to date, the most frequently appearing character. He also appears in Country of the Blind, Boiling a Frog, Be My Enemy, The Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, Dead Girl Walking, Black Widow, and Want You Gone as a major character, and is referenced in Not the End of the World and Fallen Angel.
 * Sarah Slaughter, anaesthetist and ex-wife of the murder victim in Quite Ugly One Morning. She and Jack are later married after Country of the Blind, and have separated by the time of Dead Girl Walking.
 * Jenny Dalziel is an Edinburgh CID officer, part of Hector McGregor's team as a DC in Quite Ugly One Morning, who becomes a close friend of Parlabane and appears or is referenced in most of his books. She is openly gay and in a relationship with a woman called Maggie who has survived breast cancer by the time of Dead Girl Walking.
 * CID Officers Catherine McLeod, Anthony "Beano" Thompson and Laura Geddes appear in the three "Jasmine Sharp" novels and also play minor roles in Dead Girl Walking. This provides the first strong link between the "Sharp" and "Parlabane" story arcs. (However, note that whereas Beano is a DC - Detective Constable - in the "Jasmine Sharp" novels, he is described in Dead Girl Walking as a DI - Detective Inspector - in three locations, and never as a DC. Catherine McLeod is a Detective Superintendent in both environments.) Catherine McLeod is also mentioned in a closing chapter of Fallen Angel, as investigating the death of a character.
 * Jenny Dalziel and Catherine McLeod are mentioned in the same breath in Want You Gone.
 * Nicole Carrow is a junior solicitor in an Edinburgh law firm in Country of the Blind, and is Thomas 'Tam' McInnes' lawyer. In the same book she becomes mixed up in governmental actions against McInnes and his associates, and is rescued by Jack Parlabane, Sarah Slaughter and Jenny Dalziel. She is also mentioned in Boiling a Frog as being Jack Parlabane's lawyer, but does not actually appear. She is also mentioned in Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks as Sarah Slaughter's lawyer.
 * Angelique de Xavia, the diminutive but deadly police officer from A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away, The Sacred Art of Stealing and A Snowball in Hell.
 * Tim 'Death's Dark' Vale, the head of security on the Floating Island Paradise Resort in One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night, is revealed as an associate of Jack Parlabane in Country of the Blind when Sarah accuses Jack of having got his gun from Vale. They then join forces in Be My Enemy. One of the training areas in Bedlam is also named Death's Dark Vale.
 * Simon Darcourt, the Black Spirit, is the "hero" of the short story Mellow Doubt and A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away. He also features in A Snowball in Hell (which also re-uses Mellow Doubt as part of the story).
 * Steff Kennedy, the hero of Not the End of the World, is mentioned as the photographer who took the picture of the Arguments for their single sleeve in A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away. He also features in Dead Girl Walking shooting a major photospread of the female members of the band "Savage Earth Heart" for "Tatler".
 * Larry Freeman, who has a cameo in Quite Ugly One Morning as a friend of Parlabane's, also features in Not the End of the World. In the short-story Bampot Central, Jack Parlabane is attempting to post "Paranoid Tim" to Larry's young son as a birthday present when he becomes embroiled in an armed robbery, "Paranoid Tim" is himself referenced in Not the End of the World. He further has a brief cameo in Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks in a phone call with Parlabane.
 * Former police Inspector Hector McGregor, who investigated the murder of Dr Jeremy Ponsonby in Quite Ugly One Morning, returns to play a part in One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night.
 * Zal Innez was one of the main characters in The Sacred Art of Stealing and was brought back with a similarly central role in A Snowball in Hell.
 * Glasgow Gangster Bud Hannigan has a small role in A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away and is later one of the main villains in The Sacred Art of Stealing. He surfaces again in All Fun and Games, Until Someone Loses an Eye and is also referenced in A Tale Etched in Blood and Hard Black Pencil. Hannigan is noted to have died at a point in time between events in All Fun And Games, Until Someone Loses An Eye and those in A Snowball in Hell, in which his death is mentioned.
 * Marius Roth, a shadowy figure with a near mythical reputation, is mentioned in All Fun and Games Until Someone Loses an Eye as the paymaster and A Snowball in Hell as a possible employer of the Black Spirit. It is implied, though never confirmed, that he is "Shub", who appears in A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away as the owner of "the good ship Black and Decker". He is certainly the owner of the yacht which is raided by Bett's Tiger Team in All Fun And Games Until Someone Loses An Eye; a connection confirmed in A Snowball in Hell.
 * Raymond Ash, "Larry - the little drummer boy", a major character in A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away is referenced in both The Sacred Art of Stealing and Mellow Doubt and appears briefly in A Snowball in Hell.
 * Spammy, one of the suspects in Country of the Blind, reappears towards the end of Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks and is referenced in Boiling a Frog and appears again in Dead Girl Walking. Most recently he appears in, and had dialog in, Want You Gone, in which he builds some electronic surveillance devices for Jack Parlabane and also comments on the provenance of blueprints and design documents of other devices.
 * Comedian Matt Black who attended the class reunion on the Floating Island Paradise Resort in One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night, is referenced in Flesh Wounds. He is portrayed as having a similar career path to Billy Connolly, with a background in stand-up before appearing in an American sitcom which is poorly received.
 * 'Sammy' Finnegan appears in When the Devil Drives (Jasmine Sharp 2) and Black Widow (Jack Parlabane 7). This is therefore another link between these two story arcs. Finnegan also appears in The Cliff House.
 * 'Rank Bajin', a strip cartoon character created by Bud Neill, a Glasgow cartoon artist of an earlier generation, is mentioned briefly in One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night. In "A Big Boy did it and Ran Away" the identification of the Spirit's calling-card symbol as being in fact the image of Rank Bajin is major plot development point.
 * Alexis 'Lex', a major character in "All Fun and Games until someone loses an Eye" appears briefly and has a conversation with Jack Parlabane, in "Want You Gone". She appears as a security consultant at a trade fair, working for Solid Bett Security Partners, so is presumably still connected with her fellow characters from "All Fun and Games...."
 * Savage Earth Heart, the band in "Dead Girl Walking", is referenced on the last-page-but-one of "Fallen Angel".

Influences
Brookmyre has said that the inspiration for Jack Parlabane was Ford Prefect from Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series; he said "I always adored the idea of a character who cheerfully wanders into enormously dangerous situations and effortlessly makes them much worse." The name Parlabane is taken from the works of Robertson Davies as are the names of several other characters in Brookmyre's works, indicating another of the author's influences.

Music is heavily featured in several books. Quite Ugly One Morning is taken from Warren Zevon's album Mr. Bad Example - the last chapter title continues the song's chorus. Zevon and Bruce Springsteen feature in the second novel, Country of the Blind. The band 'Savage Earth Heart' in Dead Girl Walking share their name with a song by The Waterboys.

Art Alexakis of the band Everclear has been thanked by Brookmyre inside the front cover of two of his books – Be My Enemy and The Sacred Art of Stealing. Brookmyre has said that Sacred Art was inspired by the Everclear song 'Unemployed Boyfriend' from the album Songs from an American Movie Vol. One: Learning How to Smile. This is the song which the lead character, Zal Innez, discusses with Angelique De Xavia. De Xavia is stated by her brother to spend her evenings alone "drinking supermarket merlot and listening to that depressing Mogwai rubbish" in The Sacred Art of Stealing. The first name for Innez, as well as the inspiration for the costumes worn by his gang of bank robbers, are taken from Zal Cleminson, guitarist for The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, who always wore Pierrot makeup on stage. Parlabane is a fan of Skids and Big Country and Jasmine Sharp goes to see Twin Atlantic perform live in one of her books.

The character Jane Fleming in All Fun and Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye visits King Tut's Wah Wah Hut in Glasgow, witnessing a performance by Afghan Whigs frontman Greg Dulli's side-project The Twilight Singers which references lines from the Twilight Singers' song "Teenage Wristband". Dulli is also the rock-star on whose NME-emblazoned face Matt Black signs an autograph in One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night.

In other media
In 2003, Quite Ugly One Morning was dramatised in two parts by ITV, with the lead played by Irish actor James Nesbitt. None of Brookmyre's other novels have been adapted for television, but his short story Bampot Central was rewritten as a radio play by the author for BBC Radio 3.

In 2004, actor David Tennant narrated the audiobook of Quite Ugly One Morning.

In 2007, actor Billy Boyd narrated the audiobook of Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks.

Awards

 * Quite Ugly One Morning was the winner of the Critics' First Blood Award for Best First Crime Novel of the Year in 1996.
 * Bampot Central was shortlisted for the CWA Macallan Short Story Dagger in 1997.
 * Boiling a Frog won the Sherlock Award for Best Comic Detective in 2000.
 * All Fun and Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye was the winner of the seventh Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize for Comic Fiction in 2006.
 * Black Widow won the McIlvanney Prize, previously known as the Scottish Crime Book of the year, in 2016.
 * Black Widow was the winner of the Theakstons Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year in 2017.
 * Winner of the Crime Writers' Association Dagger in the Library in 2020.

Jack Parlabane series

 * Quite Ugly One Morning, 1996
 * Country of the Blind, 1997
 * Boiling a Frog, 2000
 * Be My Enemy, 2004
 * The Attack of the Unsinkable Rubber Ducks, 2007
 * Dead Girl Walking, 2015
 * Black Widow, 2016
 * Want You Gone, 2017 (published in the U.S. as The Last Hack)

Angelique de Xavia series

 * A Big Boy Did It and Ran Away, 2001
 * The Sacred Art of Stealing, 2003
 * A Snowball in Hell, 2008

Jasmine Sharp and Catherine McLeod series

 * Where the Bodies Are Buried, 2011
 * When the Devil Drives, 2012
 * Flesh Wounds, 2013 (published in the U.S. as Bred In the Bone)

Works published as Ambrose Parry (Co-authored with Dr. Marisa Haetzman)

 * The Way of All Flesh, 2018
 * The Art of Dying, 2020
 * A Corruption of Blood, 2021
 * Voices of the Dead, 2023

Other works

 * Not the End of the World, 1998
 * One Fine Day in the Middle of the Night, 1999
 * All Fun and Games Until Somebody Loses an Eye, 2005
 * A Tale Etched in Blood and Hard Black Pencil, 2006
 * Pandaemonium, 2009
 * Jaggy Splinters (ebook only), 2012
 * Bedlam, 2013
 * The Last Day of Christmas, 2014 (ebook only - short story)
 * Siege Mentality, 2017 (ebook only - short story. Originally published as The Last Siege of Bothwell Castle in the Bloody Scotland anthology)
 * Places in the Darkness (starting with this novel, the author's byline is given as Chris Brookmyre), 2017
 * Fallen Angel, 2019
 * The Cut, 2021
 * The Cliff House, 2022

title: Chris Brookmyre


text:
Nørresundby

Nørresundby is a city in Aalborg Municipality, north of Limfjorden, in Vendsyssel, in Denmark. The urban area has a population of 24,281 (1 January 2024). It is located just north of Aalborg, which lies south of Limfjorden. Statistically its own urban area since 2006, it is often still considered part of Aalborg, sometimes the name Greater Aalborg (Stor-Aalborg) is used to describe the concept.

The city is connected to Aalborg by Limfjordsbroen, which is a road bridge, and an iron railway bridge, as well as a motorway (E45) passing it to the east and running under the Limfjord.

Nørresundby is the site of the Lindholm Høje settlement and burial ground from the Germanic Iron Age and Viking times. There is also a museum on the site.

Nørresundby has many sports clubs, most notably Lindholm IF, whose highest ranking football team as of the 2013–14 season play at the fourth-highest Danish level, Danmarksserien.

History
In 1865 a pontoon bridge by the name of Christian IX's pontoon bridge was built. Fourteen years later in 1879 a railroad bridge was built, which, although it was replaced in 1938, still stands today. In 1933, the pontoon bridge was removed and a new bridge, called the Limfjords bridge (Limfjordsbroen), was built in its place. Five years later, on 29 May 1938, Aalborg Airport opened.

Through 1958–1960 the Limfjords bridge was expanded and in 1969 the Limfjords tunnel (Limfjordstunnelen) east of Nørresundby was opened. As a supplement to these bridges and the railway bridge, there have, for several years, been spoken about adding a fourth connection over the Limfjord, although no direct action have been taken.

Airport
Aalborg Airport is located west of Nørresundby. North Flying has its head office in the North Flying Terminal at Aalborg Airport in Nørresundby.

Rail
Nørresundby is served by Lindholm railway station, located in the district of Lindholm in the western part of the city. Lindholm station is located on the Vendsyssel railway line between Aalborg and Frederikshavn. North of the station the Aalborg Airport railway line branches west to Aalborg Airport. The station offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen, regional train services to Aalborg and Frederikshavn, and commuter rail services to Aalborg Airport and Skørping as part of the Aalborg Commuter Rail service.

Road
The city is connected to Aalborg by a road bridge Limfjordsbroen, as well as a motorway (E45) passing it to the east and running under the Limfjord.

Notable people

 * Just Høg (1584 at Vang, Nørresundby - 1646) a Danish statesman and landowner
 * Søren Jessen-Petersen (born 1945 in Nørresundby) a Danish lawyer and UN civil servant
 * Frank Aaen (born 1951 in Nørresundby) a Danish economist and politician
 * Orla Hav (born 1952 in Nørresundby) politician, Mayor of North Jutland County and member of the Danish Parliament
 * Preben Bang Henriksen (born 1954 in Nørresundby) a Danish barrister and politician
 * Tine Lindhardt (born 1957 in Nørresundby) theologist, Lutheran bishop of Diocese of Funen
 * Ole Bornedal (born 1959 in Nørresundby) a Danish film director, actor and producer
 * Mohamed Ali (born 1993 in Nørresundby) a Danish singer of mixed Egyptian and Iraqi origin

Sport

 * Henry Nielsen (1910 in Nørresundby – 1969) a Danish middle- and long-distance runner, 3000 m world record holder 1934-1936
 * Verner Nielsen (born 1931 in Nørresundby) a former footballer, played 26 games for Denmark
 * Henning Jensen (1949–2017) a Danish football player, 125 club caps with Borussia Mönchengladbach and scored 9 goals in 21 games for Denmark

Nørresundby Gymnasium & HF
Nørresundby Gymnasium & HF is an upper secondary school in the city of Nørresundby, in North Jutland in Denmark. The school offers the traditional three-year program but also the so-called Higher Preparatory Examination (HF), which takes two years to complete. Nørresundby Gymnasium & HF is a certified Cambridge & Science school and it is furthermore open for exchange students. The school offers 12 different streams of studies. It is one of the only ones offering Greek as a subject.

title: Nørresundby


text: User talk:81.156.169.113

title: User talk:81.156.169.113


text:
Damien Nash

Damien Darnell Nash (April 14, 1982 – February 24, 2007) was an American football running back who played for the Tennessee Titans and Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He died after the 2006 season, his only season with the Broncos.

Early life
Nash attended St. Louis Riverview Gardens High School for the first three years of his education. He followed his coach, Darren Sunkett, to East Saint Louis High School for his senior year. He finished his career with 5,395 rushing yards and 85 rushing touchdowns as well as 1,160 passing yards and 10 passing touchdowns.

He was a track star in high school and ran the 100 meter dash in 10.3 seconds.

College career
Damien was recruited for football by the University of Missouri, but attended Coffeyville Community College in Coffeyville, Kansas before transferring to the University of Missouri. He finished his college career with 253 rushing attempts for 1,254 yards (5.0 yards per rushing attempt average) with 12 rushing touchdowns as well as 36 receptions for 282 yards (7.8 yards per reception average) with two receiving touchdowns).

Professional career
Nash was drafted with the fifth pick of the fifth round of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Tennessee Titans. He was released after one season with the Titans and was signed by the Denver Broncos. After spending the first portion of the season on the Broncos practice squad, he was given a roster spot as the third-string running back behind Tatum Bell and Mike Bell.

Nash appeared in six NFL games, three with the Titans and three with the Broncos. He had 24 carries for 98 yards (4.1 yards per rushing attempt average) and no touchdowns as well as seven receptions for 55 yards (7.9 yards per reception average) and no touchdowns.

His best performance came during the November 19, 2006, game against the San Diego Chargers, with ten carries for fifty-two yards and three receptions for thirty-six yards.

He did not appear in the Broncos' final five games of the 2006 season. However, Broncos coach Mike Shanahan said about Nash "We never had a guy play for one year, as Damien did, and influence so many people."

Death
Nash collapsed suddenly following a celebrity charity basketball game at Riverview Gardens High School on February 23, 2007. He was found unresponsive at a residence in suburban St. Louis and was later pronounced dead. The charity event was a fundraiser to benefit the Darris Nash Find A Heart Foundation, a charity which raises funds for heart transplant research. Nash had created the charity in honor of his older brother, Darris, a recent heart transplant recipient.

Sergeant Ed Douglas of the Ferguson, Missouri, police department said in a telephone interview that Nash was transported by ambulance to Christian Hospital Northeast. Douglas said the case was still under investigation. Nash was pronounced dead at 6:41 p.m. MST. An autopsy confirmed that no drugs or unnatural substances were present in Nash's body at the time of death. While being a natural death of cardiac origin, the exact cause of death remains undetermined.

He is survived by his wife, Judy Jae' Nash and daughter Phaith Nash. Nash was the second Broncos player to die in 2007; cornerback Darrent Williams was shot to death while riding in a limousine after leaving a Denver nightclub early on the morning of January 1, 2007.

title: Damien Nash