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2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings

The 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings were committed by Islamist group Abdullah Azzam Brigades on 23 July 2005 in the Egyptian resort city of Sharm El Sheikh, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. Eighty-eight people were killed by the three bombings, the majority of them Egyptians, and over 200 were injured, making the attack the deadliest terrorist action in the history of Egypt, until it was surpassed by the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.

The attack took place on Egypt's Revolution Day, a public holiday, and was part of a strategy of damaging tourism in the country, a major part of the economy.

After the attacks, many arrests took place, especially of the Bedouin in the Sinai, who allegedly aided the attack, and Egypt started erecting a separation barrier around the city, cutting it off from possible attacks and the nearby Bedouin community.

Background
Foreign tourists have been a common target of attacks in Egypt since the early 1990s. Militants have typically been motivated by a combination of Qutbism and opposition to the Mubarak government, and attacking foreigners including non-Muslims while hurting Egypt's tourist trade was seen as serving both goals.

The most bloody attack prior to the Sharm El Sheikh attacks was the November 1997 Luxor massacre, in which 58 foreign tourists and four Egyptians were killed. The 2004 Sinai bombings killed 34 people in October in Taba, also on Sinai. In the April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks three foreign tourists were killed.

Unlike the October 2004 Taba attacks, the Sharm El Sheikh attack does not appear to have been directed in particular against Israelis, for whom Sharm is a popular destination. However, one Israeli Arab was killed and another was injured.

Bombings
The attacks took place in the early hours of the morning at the Red Sea resort, when many tourists and locals were still out at restaurants, cafés and bars. The first bombing took place at 1:15 am Egypt summer time (22:15 UTC) at the Old Market bazaar in downtown Sharm, killing 17 people, mostly Egyptians. The bomber had to abandon his truck bomb in the market because of a police roadblock. The second bomb was a truck bomb that was driven into the lobby of the Ghazala Gardens hotel, a 176-room four-star establishment in the Naama Bay area, a strip of beachfront hotels some 6 km from the town centre. About 45 people died in the blast. The final bomb was hidden in a suitcase and exploded outside the Moevenpick Hotel, killing six tourists.

The blasts were powerful enough to shake windows miles away. Fire and smoke could be seen rising from the explosion sites.

Casualties
The official government toll a few days after the attacks was put at 64, but hospitals reported that 88 people had been killed. The majority of dead and injured were Egyptians. Among those killed were 11 Britons, two Germans, six Italians, four Turks, one Czech, one Israeli, and one American. Other casualties, dead and injured, included visitors from France, Kuwait, the Netherlands, Qatar, Russia, and Spain. Dr. François Boureau, a medical doctor from Paris, who was a pioneering expert in providing relief to chronic pain patients, also died on 23 July 2005 in the Sharm El Sheik area, presumably in these attacks.

Responsibility
A group calling itself the Abdullah Azzam Brigades was the first to claim responsibility for the attacks. On a website the group stated that "holy warriors targeted the Ghazala Gardens hotel and the Old Market in Sharm El Sheikh" and claimed it has ties to al-Qaeda.

The government said that the bombers were Bedouin militants from the same group that carried out the 2004 Sinai bombings in Taba. Arrested suspects claimed to have been motivated by the War in Iraq.

title: 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings


text: User talk:71.110.227.195

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:71.110.227.195


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Gofio

Gofio is a sort of Canarian flour made from roasted grains (typically wheat or certain varieties of maize) or other starchy plants (e.g. beans and, historically, fern root), some varieties containing a little added salt. Gofio has been an important ingredient in Canarian cooking for some time, and Canarian emigrants have spread its use to the Caribbean (notably in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela) and the Western Sahara. There are various ways to use it, such as kneading, dissolving in soup, and baking. It can also be used as a thickener. It is also found in Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, where it is known as harina tostada and is employed in a wide variety of recipes. The gofio commercially available in the Canary Islands is always finely ground, like ordinary flour, despite the definition given in the Spanish Dictionary of the Royal Academy.

In 2014, the name Gofio Canario was added to the register of Protected designation of origin and Protected geographical indication by the European Commission.

Elements
Gofio is thought to have been the main staple of the diet of the Guanches, the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands, who produced it from barley and the rhizome of certain ferns. The latter is also known to have been used in historical times, especially in famine, even up until the 20th century. Gofio derives from the name for the product in the aboriginal language of Gran Canaria, while in neighbouring Tenerife it was known as ahoren. Among the Berbers of North Africa, from whom the Guanche population largely derived, there existed a toasted barley flour with similar usage as a food, called arkul. In Morocco, toasted flour is also mixed with, among other ingredients, almond paste, honey, argan oil, anise, fennel, and sesame seeds to make "sellou" (also called "zamita" or "slilou" in some regions), a sweet paste known for its long shelf life and high nutritive value. It was amongst the provisions of the crew of Thor Heyerdahl's "Ra II" expedition to cross the Atlantic aboard a papyrus ship using the Canary Current in 1970.

Flours made from toasted grains are also known in other gastronomies worldwide, notably Tibetan tsampa. Roasting the grain before milling has the advantage of destroying mold and mold toxins, allowing poorly stored grain to be used, as well as improving flavour by producing more complex sugars. The traditional roasting process, at temperatures typically much higher than those used for malt barley in the brewing industry, for example, also has the effect of partly breaking down the starch and proteins, making them more digestible. Gofio with milk, sugar and water is a very popular beverage in Western Sahara, due to Spanish influence and the proximity of the Canary Islands.

Gofio in the Canary Islands is currently produced from cereals of several types, as well as pulses. Maize and wheat are the most common cereals used, but various mixes of these with rye, barley, etc., are also readily available in shops. Gofios of chickpeas and lupin beans are also produced in Fuerteventura, as well as from other wild plants occurring there.

Uses in Canarian foods
Gofio is a highly versatile product which can be added to soups, stews, desserts, ice cream, sauces, and more. It is very rich in vitamins, proteins, fibre, and minerals. It was favoured by Canarian mariners as it can be stored for long periods while retaining its goodness. It was a vitally important part of the Canarian diet during the lean years after the Spanish Civil War. Mixed with a little water and sugar and kneaded (traditionally inside a goatskin bag) it produces a dough-like mixture that can be eaten as it is and was traditionally used in this way by peasant workers in the fields. Perhaps the most common use today is to add to a small amount to milk, to produce a wholesome and convenient breakfast food, or to thicken soups or stews at the table. Another popular form is gofio escaldado ("scalded gofio") or escaldón, a kind of thick porridge made by mixing it with the stock from a stew or soup, which is then served alongside the same. Modern products incorporating gofio include ice cream, mousses, other milk desserts and even a beer, Volcan, which was marketed for only a short time around the year 2000.

Uses elsewhere
In the Caribbean, gofio is a snack eaten as it is. In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, gofio is sold with sugar added, as a candy, sometimes served in a paper cone.

Aboriginals of Argentina and Chile have used a preparation of maize made by the same method of making gofio since before the arrival of the Spaniards. The preparation of gofio in other regions of South America and the Caribbean has come due to Canarian arrival. Gofio is consumed dry with sugar or with milk in Argentina, Chile, Panama, Venezuela, Uruguay and many other countries.

title: Gofio


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Talk:Jean-Charles de Borda

Untitled
After adding one word, the page saved as a very strange text and html combination. Never have seen anything like this before. I don't know what to do to have this corrected.--Fahrenheit451 23:45, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There was a funny invisible character after the infobox. I saw it when turning wikEd on, and removed it. Hope this helps. Crowsnest (talk) 22:04, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Napoléon's Method?
Is there a citation for this claim or a clarification of what Napoléon's method was (and how it differed from Borda's)? "In 1770, Borda formulated a ranked preferential voting system that is referred to as the Borda count. The French Academy of Sciences used Borda's method to elect its members for about two decades until it was quashed by Napoleon Bonaparte who insisted that his own method be used after he became president of the Académie in 1801." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.47.69.23 (talk) 01:28, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

Possible Inaccuracy
It says under the section, Tables of Logarithms:

"With the advent of the metric system after the French Revolution it was decided that the quarter circle should be divided into 100 degrees instead of 90 degrees, and the degree into 100 seconds instead of 60 seconds."

Then beneath it in the same section:

"...the Quarter of the Circle divided into 100 degrees, the degree into 100 minutes, and the minute into 100 seconds..."

The first says from degrees to seconds; the second says from degrees to minutes to seconds. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.153.48.149 (talk) 05:04, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Political science ?
I see no reason to qualify Borda as a "political scientist". It is true that the so-called Borda count is an election method, but it is a very small thing in his life, and he himself apparently did not relate this suggestion to political matters. Reading the (very detailled and lengthy !) book on his life, one can see that the Borda rule was defined by an enginner, not by a political scientist! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Girifou (talk • contribs) 13:31, 29 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean-Charles de Borda


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Ashurst New Forest railway station

Ashurst New Forest railway station is in Ashurst, Hampshire, England, on the South West Main Line from London Waterloo to Weymouth. It is 85 mi down the line from Waterloo.

History
Opened as Lyndhurst Road on 1 June 1847 by the Southampton and Dorchester Railway, then absorbed by the London and South Western Railway, it became part of the Southern Railway during the grouping of 1923.

The station was host to a Southern Railway camping coach from 1936 to 1939.

The station then passed on to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. A camping coach was positioned here by the Southern Region from 1954 to 1960, the coach was replaced in 1961 by a Pullman camping coach until 1965 which was joined by another Pullman for 1966 and 1967.

The station was renamed Ashurst New Forest on 24 September 1995. When sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the privatisation of British Railways.

Services
The station is some 200 to 300 yards from the village of Ashurst, and is used by visitors to the New Forest. It is served hourly by the London Waterloo to Poole stopping services operated by South Western Railway, with some additional fast trains to London Waterloo and to Weymouth at weekday peak periods. The services are formed of Class 444 electric multiple units, and Class 450 units. Services were previously operated by Class 442 Wessex Electrics, which were withdrawn at the start of February 2007. There is a self service ticket machine on platform 1. The station is unstaffed.

title: Ashurst New Forest railway station


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Virtual Boy Wario Land

Virtual Boy Wario Land is a 1995 platform video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Virtual Boy. It stars Wario, who finds himself deep underground after stumbling upon a treasure-filled cave and must find his way back to the surface. Throughout the journey, the player explores and searches for items and power-ups while fighting enemies and defeating bosses. Wario has the ability to jump between the background and foreground at certain points, making use of Virtual Boy's stereoscopic 3D effect.

Virtual Boy Wario Land was developed by a large portion of Nintendo R&D1 staff involved. It was co-directed by Hiroji Kiyotake and Hirofumi Matsuoka and produced by Gunpei Yokoi. The music was composed by Kazumi Totaka, being his final project with R&D1. The game received generally favorable reception, particularly among retrospective commentators, receiving praise for its gameplay and utilization of 3D depth, but criticism focused on its short length. It is considered one of the best Virtual Boy games and its background gimmick served as inspiration for multiple titles, including Donkey Kong Country Returns (2010) and Mutant Mudds (2012).

Gameplay

Following the gameplay of Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3, Virtual Boy Wario Land is a side-scrolling platform game starring Wario. The premise follows Wario on vacation in the Awazon river basin, relaxing at the Aldegara waterfall. After being woken up by a beaver, Wario notices strange creatures entering behind the waterfall and decides to follow them. Wario stumbles upon a cave full of treasure and attempts to claim it as his own, however, he collapses deep underground and must find his way back to the surface.

The player controls Wario across 14 floors consisting of non-linear levels. The goal of each level is to collect treasures and find a key to unlock an elevator to the next floor. Wario can jump or run into enemies to knock them down. Stunned enemies can be picked up and thrown at other enemies or clouds that give coins. Wario can also perform a shoulder charge or body slam to attack enemies and break blocks. There are three power-ups Wario can equip, including a bull hat that increases his strength, an eagle hat that allows him to fly and attack in the air, and a fire-breathing dragon hat. Wario can combine the eagle and dragon hats into the "King Dragon" hat, granting him all three skills.

Wario has the ability to leap between the background and foreground using jump pads. In most levels, the player needs to navigate between the two planes to explore and search for items, or avoid enemies and obstacles that move between the planes. If Wario takes damage, he will shrink, losing his power until he picks up a clove of garlic or a hat. If Wario is hit while small, he loses a life and all the coins he had collected in that level. Every three floors, Wario must fight bosses that make use of the Virtual Boy's stereoscopic 3D effect. Between floors there are mini-games where Wario can gamble the loot he has collected so far. Each level in the game contains one of ten artifacts hidden inside secret chambers and the ending depends on whether Wario found them all and the coins he collected.

Development and release
Virtual Boy Wario Land was developed by a large number of Nintendo R&D1 staff involved. It was co-directed by Hiroji Kiyotake and Hirofumi Matsuoka, who had previously served as director and artist on Mario Paint, and produced by Gunpei Yokoi. Satoshi Matsumura acted as one of the game's co-programmers, while the music and sound effects were composed by Kazumi Totaka, which was ultimately his final project with R&D1. Totaka included a song called "Totaka's Song", an easter egg that he hides in most of the video games he composes. Like all other Virtual Boy titles, the game employs a red-and-black color scheme and uses parallax, an optical trick used to simulate 3D.

The game was first shown at E3 1995 under the name Wario Cruise, intended for release on September 21, 1995, in Japan and October 1995 in North America. It also made another appearance at Shoshinkai 1995 under its final title, Virtual Boy Wario Land. The North American release was titled Wario's Treasure Hunt, but the name was changed shortly before launch. Nintendo first published the game in North America in November 1995, followed by Japan on December 1, 1995.

Reception
Virtual Boy Wario Land garnered mostly positive reception from critics upon release, with most criticism directed at the Virtual Boy hardware itself. Nintendo Power felt that the game made excellent use of the Virtual Boy hardware with some of the 3D graphics and gameplay elements. Los Angeles Times Aaron Curtis found the game to be enjoyable but disliked the Virtual Boy's visual style, while Rocky Mountain News Joel Easley said its use of 3D demonstrated the possibilities of the Virtual Boy. GamePro considered it the best Virtual Boy game, celebrating the quality of the characters and sound effects.

Dave Upchurch and Simon Clays of Nintendo Magazine System (Official Nintendo Magazine) praised the game's crisp visuals, audio department, and gameplay, but felt that the 3D effect was merely cosmetic and criticized its short length. Next Generation remarked that while it appealed to more "hardcore" Mario fans, it was not very advanced compared to older Mario titles and they felt the 3D mechanic did not add much to the game. Game Zero Magazine's Bryan Carter gave high remarks to the game's 3D graphics, soundscapes, controls, and longevity. N64 Magazine's Jason Moore wrote that "The VB was the most ignored and slated of all Nintendo consoles, yet Wario Land is a typical slice of Nintendo excellence and should have sold the machine by the million".

Retrospective coverage
Retrospective commentary for Virtual Boy Wario Land has been more favorable, being celebrated as one of the best Virtual Boy games. Agustin Olvera and Stephen Smith of Kombo felt that its cavernous setting helped the Virtual Boy emphasize subtle visual details, while Play's Dave Halverson returned to the game often and praised it for not getting tiresome to replay. AllGame's Scott Alan Marriott found the game fun, highlighting Wario's controls and diverse moveset, as well as the detailed graphics and bosses, but noted its short duration. Nintendo Life's Dave Frear lauded the game's use of the 3D effect in the visual design and replayability, but lamented the lack of additional levels. Retro Gamer opined that the background gimmick helped enhance an otherwise "traditional" platformer, while the Australian video game talk show Good Game felt that more could have been done with its visuals.

Writing for 1Up.com and Nintendo World Report, Neal Ronaghan enjoyed the background gimmick but felt that it did not work as well as it could in exploring the concept. GamesRadar called Virtual Boy Wario Land a "legitimately awesome" platformer despite its lacking "3D" gimmick, while Kotaku's Ben Bertoli felt that it was unappreciated at release due to its platform. Polygon's Kyle Hilliard stated that, despite being less popular than all other Wario titles, it was the best Wario game. He discussed how, even though it was his first time playing it, he felt nostalgic due to its use of familiar elements from the first Wario Land entry. He also praised the game's 3D effects, particularly the boss battles. Several outlets hoped to see it re-released on other Nintendo platforms, specifically the Nintendo 3DS, including IGN, Destructoid, and Retronauts.

Legacy
Virtual Boy Wario Land served as inspiration for multiple games from several developers due to its background gimmick, including Donkey Kong Country Returns (2010) by Retro Studios, Mutant Mudds (2012) by Renegade Kid, and Shantae Advance: Risky Revolution (2024) by WayForward. In 2016, Renegade Kid co-founder Jools Watsham revealed that he proposed a color remake of the game for Nintendo 3DS to Nintendo but never received a response, reportedly due to Nintendo not wanting to revisit the Virtual Boy.

title: Virtual Boy Wario Land


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Pat Heywood

Patricia Heywood (born 1 August 1931) is a Scottish character actress who has appeared in stage productions, films and television. She is married to Oliver Neville, the former principal of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Career
Patricia Heywood was born on 1 August 1931. She was one of five children of engineer John David Heywood. She was educated at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, transferring to the theatre company afterwards and appearing in their production of Salad Days as Rowena in 1954. The same year the entire production transferred to the Vaudeville Theatre in London, where it played for five years, a record for a musical at the time.

In 1968, she debuted in film at the age of 36 as Juliet's nurse in Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet, followed by small roles in Staircase (1969) and Battle of Britain (1969). Her next role was as a maid in the psychodrama Mumsy, Nanny, Sonny and Girly (1970) by Freddie Francis. After that film she was seen (often in supporting roles or short appearances) in comedies, thrillers and horror films. Her other film roles include parts in All the Way Up (1970), Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? (1971), 10 Rillington Place (1971, where she played Ethel Christie, the wife of serial killer John Christie), Young Winston (1971, as Winston Churchill's nurse), Bequest to the Nation (1973), Wish You Were Here (1987, as Lynda's aunt Millie), Young Toscanini (1988), Getting It Right (1989), and Franco Zeffirelli's Sparrow (1993).

In 1978, Heywood played Nelly in the BBC's television production of Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights. She appeared on the television miniseries Root into Europe. She played Dickon's mother in the 1987 Hallmark Hall of Fame version of The Secret Garden. She was also in the Inspector Morse episode "Second Time Around".

She was nominated for BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Romeo and Juliet in 1969.

title: Pat Heywood


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Talk:Meet the Masters

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 23:46, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Meet the Masters


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Elizabeth Foulstar

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy Deleted as per agreement below. GarrettTalk 01:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Elizabeth Foulstar
Says she's got an internet community, but unless there's some typos I can't find it. Also refers to a male in a wiccen and I thought those were female-only. I assume it's a hoax. GarrettTalk 23:48, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You are incorrect on that, i have known many male Wiccans. However thre seems no evidence of notability for what sounds like a nice person, so Delete if not speedy under WP:CSD A7. DES 00:06, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete per WP:CSD A7. --Idont Havaname 00:31, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wasn't sure she fit in that which is why I brought it here (that, and "other" reasons). Will keep this in mind for the future. GarrettTalk 01:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.