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AutoIt

AutoIt is a freeware programming language for Microsoft Windows. In its earliest release, it was primarily intended to create automation scripts (sometimes called macros) for Microsoft Windows programs but has since grown to include enhancements in both programming language design and overall functionality.

The scripting language in AutoIt 1 and 2 was statement-driven and designed primarily for simulating user interaction. From version 3 onward, the AutoIt syntax is similar to that found in the BASIC family of languages. In this form, AutoIt is a general-purpose, third-generation programming language with a classical data model and a variant data type that can store several types of data, including arrays.

An AutoIt automation script can be converted into a compressed, stand-alone executable which can be run on computers even if they do not have the AutoIt interpreter installed. A wide range of function libraries (known as UDFs, or "User Defined Functions") are also included as standard or are available from the website to add specialized functionality. AutoIt is also distributed with an IDE based on the free SciTE editor. The compiler and help text are fully integrated and provide a de facto standard environment for developers using AutoIt.

History
AutoIt1 and AutoIt2 were closed-source projects, and had a very different syntax than AutoIt3, whose syntax is more like VBScript and BASIC.

AutoIt3 was initially free and open-source, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, with its initial public release 3.0.100 in February 2004, and had open-source releases in March 2004 and August 2004. Version 3.0.102, released in August 2004, was initially open-source, but by January 2005 was distributed as closed-source. Subsequent releases, starting from the February 2005 release of version 3.1.0, were all closed-source. Version 3.1.0 was also the first release with support for GUI scripts.

Related projects
The free and open-source AutoHotkey project derived 29 of its functions from the AutoIt 3.1 source code. The AutoHotkey syntax is quite different from AutoIt3 syntax, and rather resembles AutoIt2 syntax.

Features
AutoIt is typically used to produce utility software for Microsoft Windows and to automate routine tasks, such as systems management, monitoring, maintenance, or software installation. It is also used to simulate user interaction, whereby an application is "driven" (via automated form entry, keypresses, mouse clicks, and so on) to do things by an AutoIt script.

AutoIt can also be used in low-cost laboratory automation. Applications include instrument synchronization, alarm monitoring and results gathering. Devices such as CNC routers and 3D-printers can also be controlled.

 * 64-bit code support from version 3.2.10.0
 * Add-on libraries and modules for specific apps
 * Automate sending user input and keystrokes to apps, as well as to individual controls within an app
 * Call functions in DLL files
 * Compatible with User Account Control
 * Compiling into standalone executables
 * Create graphical user interfaces, including message and input boxes
 * Include data files in the compiled file to be extracted when running
 * Manipulate windows and processes
 * Object-oriented design through a library
 * Play sounds, pause, resume, stop, seek, get the current position of the sound and get the length of the sound
 * Run console apps and access the standard streams
 * Scripting language with BASIC-like structure for Windows
 * Simulate mouse movements
 * Supports component object model (COM)
 * Supports regular expressions
 * Supports TCP and UDP protocols
 * Unicode support from version 3.2.4.0

title: AutoIt


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NetLander

In late 2007 (or 2009) CNES (the French Space Agency) and ESA (the European Space Agency) had planned to send a remote sensing orbiter and four small Netlanders to Mars. They planned to land them in four different locations. The CNES and ESA cancelled this mission because it was too expensive; both agencies planned to send other orbiters and landers for missions like ExoMars.

The Landers' mission was to take pictures of the landing site and explore Mars' internal surface and atmosphere. Each of the four landers was to carry instruments for the following measurements:
 * Seismometer, IPG, France
 * Panoramic camera, DLR, Germany
 * Atmospheric sensors, FMI, Finland
 * Atmospheric electricity sensor, CETP, France
 * geodesic and ionospheric measurements, GRGS, France
 * Soil properties measurements, University of Münster, Germany
 * Ground Penetrating Radar, CETP, France
 * Magnetometer, CETP, France
 * Microphone, University of California, Berkeley, USA

The Orbiter's mission was to take pictures from orbit, explore Mars' atmosphere and relay information and images from the Netlanders.

The MetNet multi-lander mission to Mars is based on the legacy of NetLander. MetNet is scheduled for launches in 2011–2019. The NetLander design has been examined as the basis for a small Solar System body lander, such as a comet.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: NetLander


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Simon Birch

Simon Birch is a 1998 American comedy-drama film loosely based on the 1989 novel A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving and written for the screen and directed by Mark Steven Johnson in his directorial debut. The film stars Ian Michael Smith, Joseph Mazzello, Jim Carrey, Ashley Judd, and Oliver Platt. It omitted much of the latter half of the novel and altered the ending.

The film does not share the book's title at Irving's request; he did not believe that his novel could successfully be made into a film. The name "Simon Birch" was suggested by him to replace that of Owen Meany. The opening credits of the film state that it was "suggested by" Irving's novel. The main plot centers on 12-year-old Joe Wenteworth and his best friend Simon Birch, who was born with dwarfism.

Plot
An adult Joe Wenteworth visits the grave of his late friend, Simon Birch. He narrates over as the film transitions to their childhood. Simon is the smallest child in the history of Gravestown. His callous parents show little to no concern for his wellbeing. He loves baseball even though he almost never gets to play during Little League, and when he does, it's only to get a walk due to his small strike zone. Joe's mother, Rebecca, got pregnant with Joe while she was on a train. Her refusal to reveal the identity of the father has resulted in Joe's reputation as the town's bastard child.

One day, Rebecca invites drama teacher Ben Goodrich over for dinner. He meets the boys and gifts Joe a stuffed armadillo. Simon takes an instant liking to Ben, but Joe is initially standoffish, as he just wants to find his father. Rebecca invites Ben with them to church one Sunday morning. During church announcements, Simon expresses his beliefs to Reverend Russell that church activities are irrelevant to glorifying God. Sunday school teacher Miss Leavey sits him in a corner until he apologizes. She berates him, saying he doesn't belong in church. Outraged among hearing this, Rebecca argues with Leavey as she comes to pick up Simon, calling out her insecurities towards Simon's abundant faith.

During baseball, Simon hits the perfect pitch. It becomes a foul ball that hits Rebecca in the head, killing her. Simon gives Joe his prized baseball cards as an apology, to which Joe gives Simon the stuffed Armadillo as forgiveness. Joe's grandmother informs Joe that her own death is imminent due to her age, and there must be a plan for him once her time comes, as Rebecca never told anyone who Joe's father was, even in confidence. Simon believes that Joe's father may have taken the baseball that killed Rebecca. Deeming their gym teacher a fitting candidate, they break into his office to see if he has it, but it isn't there. Overwhelmed with despair, Joe vandalizes the office. The police chief agrees to release them if they go to the children's retreat over winter break. Ben picks them up and takes them for ice cream. Simon tells Ben of his destiny to be a hero but admits that he doesn't know what that will imply. However, he fears it could happen momentarily, and might miss it.

A Christmas pageant with a Nativity play is organized by Leavey. Simon criticizes Leavey's poor creative decisions, resulting in Russell confiscating Simon's baseball cards until the pageant is over. The play proves disastrous as the turtle dove costumes look like winged mutant turtles, the wise men cannot remember "We Three Kings", and Howard's acrophobia causes him to forget his lines. It soon escalates to violent chaos when Simon, incited by seeing Marjorie's cleavage, makes a move on her. Howard's harness breaks due to his weight, swinging him back and forth repeatedly, eventually vomiting on Leavey. Russell suspends Simon from the church, expels him from the winter retreat, and refuses him the return of his baseball cards. Simon admits he wants to know God's purpose for him. As the church departs for the retreat, Simon comes by the church to say goodbye to Joe. Later on, he breaks into Russell's office to retrieve his cards, where he discovers the fateful baseball, implicating Russell as Joe's father. Simon has Ben drive him to the retreat to inform Joe, arriving just as Russell has already told him.

While Simon and Joe are riding the bus home, it crashes into a lake. With the driver abandoning the bus and Russell unconscious, Simon takes command and gets everyone out with Joe's help, but nearly drowns while saving the last child. Joe visits a dying Simon in the hospital, remarking how his small size worked to his advantage in evacuating the kids. They bid each other farewell before Simon dies. Joe's grandmother passes away that summer and he is adopted by Ben just before his 13th birthday. Back in the present day with adult Joe at Simon's grave, Joe's son, named after Simon, reminds him that he has a soccer game, and they drive away as the film ends.

Cast

 * Ian Michael Smith as Simon Birch
 * Joseph Mazzello as Joe Wenteworth, Simon's best friend
 * Jim Carrey as Adult Joe Wenteworth / Narrator
 * Ashley Judd as Rebecca Wenteworth, Joe's mother
 * Oliver Platt as Ben Goodrich, Joe's adoptive father
 * David Strathairn as Reverend Russell
 * Dana Ivey as Grandmother Wenteworth, Joe's grandmother
 * Beatrice Winde as Hilde Grove
 * Jan Hooks as Miss Agnes Leavey
 * Cecilley Carroll as Marjorie
 * Sumela-Rose Keramidopulos as Ann
 * Sam Morton as Stuart
 * John Mazzello as Simon Wenteworth, Joe's son
 * Holly Dennison as Mrs. Birch, Simon's mother
 * Peter MacNeill as Mr. Birch, Simon's father
 * Thomas J. Burns as Simon Birch Stunt Double

Casting
The role of Simon Birch was Ian Michael Smith's first role in film, and he has not done film acting since. Smith was chosen because of his small height, due to Morquio syndrome. A hospital worker in Chicago suggested Smith try out for a role in the film The Mighty, another film that called for a character with Morquio syndrome. When Smith didn't get the part, the director of The Mighty recommended Smith to Mark Steven Johnson whom he knew was searching for an actor to play the titular role in an Owen Meany adaptation. After Smith's parents read through the novel A Prayer for Owen Meany they agreed to let him work on the film.

Sandra Bullock was originally cast in the role of Rebecca Wenteworth.

Locations
The bus crash scene was filmed near Ontario's French River. The film's quarry scenes were shot at Elora, Ontario. The church featured in many parts of the film is in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Its black borders were painted white for the film. At the end of the film when it switches to the future, the borders are black. The baseball scene as well as many indoor scenes were filmed in Glen Williams, Ontario.

Soundtrack
Simon Birch features R&B songs from the 1950 and 1960s, as well as four score cues by Marc Shaiman. The film's original motion picture soundtrack was released on compact disc, LP and audio cassette on April 24, 1998, through Sony Wonder, Hollywood Records and Epic Records featuring the following songs:

 * 1) "You Were There" – Babyface
 * 2) "Bread and Butter" – The Newbeats
 * 3) "A Walkin' Miracle" – The Essex
 * 4) "Mickey's Monkey" – Smokey Robinson / The Miracles
 * 5) "Can I Get a Witness" – Marvin Gaye
 * 6) "Fever" – Peggy Lee
 * 7) "Up on the Roof" – The Drifters
 * 8) "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag (Part 1)" – James Brown
 * 9) "The Nitty Gritty" – Shirley Ellis
 * 10) "Nowhere to Run" – Martha and the Vandellas
 * 11) "It's All Right" – The Impressions
 * 12) "(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher" – Jackie Wilson
 * 13) "Simon's Theme" – Marc Shaiman
 * 14) "Friends Forever" – Marc Shaiman
 * 15) "Simon's Birth" – Marc Shaiman
 * 16) "Life Goes On" – Marc Shaiman

Reception
Simon Birch holds a 44% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus calling the film "Overly mushy; tries too hard to pull at the heart-strings." On Metacritic, the film has a 39/100 rating, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Movie critic Gene Siskel rated it the 7th best movie of 1998. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

The film opened at #5 at the North American box office making $3,321,370 in its opening weekend. The film would go on to gross $18,253,415 domestically, against a $20 million budget.

Home media
The film was released on stereo dts LaserDisc format as well as VHS and DVD on May 18, 1999 (Region 1). The region 1 DVD contains a theatrical trailer for this film.

title: Simon Birch


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User talk:GT3

Did You Know?
Money. You buy stuff with it. Did anyone else besides me know that?

title: User talk:GT3


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Cherry Monroe

Cherry Monroe is a band originating from Youngstown, Ohio and Pittsburgh, PA. They made their way into the American pop music industry with their debut single "Satellites" in July 2005, reaching No. 85 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The band formed in 2004 with Matt Toka (lead), Jason Levis (drums), David Saltman (bass), and Ryan Harris (guitar). Another guitarist, Frankie Bennett, joined later. The band was initially named The Velvet Idols, but was made to be re-named Cherry Monroe by their first record label.

Shortly afterwards the band was signed to Universal Records.

In July 2006, the label dropped the band and that lead vocalist Matt Toka to announce his departure from the band to pursue a solo music career.

In 2012, Matt Toka released a self-titled album produced by Rob Cavallo. Matt Toka followed the release by going on Warped Tour and Bamboozle Festival. He has also toured with Falling in Reverse, All American Rejects, and Breath Carolina.

Discography

 * Cherry Monroe (2004)
 * The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful (2005)

title: Cherry Monroe


text: User talk:81.247.165.205

title: User talk:81.247.165.205


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Transparency (linguistic)

Linguistic transparency is a phrase which is used in multiple, overlapping subjects in the fields of linguistics and the philosophy of language. It has both normative and descriptive senses.

Normative
Normatively, the phrase may describe the effort to suit one's rhetoric to the widest possible audience, without losing relevant information in the process.

Advocates of normative linguistic transparency often argue that linguistic opacity is dangerous to a democracy. These critics point out that jargon is deliberately employed in government and business. It encrypts morally suspect information in order to dull reaction to it: for example, the phrase "collateral damage" to refer to the manslaughter of innocents.

One play upon this view was by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White, who in the Elements of Style ruled that the writer ought to "eschew obfuscation".

The Plain Language Movement is an example of people who advocate using clearer, common language within the wider academic community.

Professor at New York University Alan Sokal, perpetrator of the Sokal hoax, is another noteworthy example of an advocate of linguistic transparency.

Writer and political philosopher George Orwell was a proponent of this view, which he captured in the landmark essay, "Politics and the English Language." Orwell wrote a novel, 1984, about a dystopian future controlled through a politically crafted language called "Newspeak." Newspeak is a language that is linguistically transparent in the descriptive sense, but not in the normative one.

Comedian George Carlin has famously parodied the phenomenon in his stand-up comedy.

The approach may sound like common sense, but it faces the difficulty of figuring out how to communicate complex and uncommon ideas in a popular way.

Definition
In the field of lexical semantics, semantic transparency (in adjective form: semantically transparent) is a measure of the degree to which the meaning of a multimorphemic combination can be synchronically related to the meaning of its constituents. Semantic transparency is a scalar notion. At the top end of the scale are combinations whose meaning is fully transparent; at the bottom end are said to be semantically opaque (in noun form: semantic opacity). : p. 1

Subtypes
Libben proposed a four-degree analysis of bimorphemic compounds:
 * 1) TT (transparency-transparency): bedroom
 * 2) OT (opacity-transparency): strawberry
 * 3) TO (transparency-opacity): jailbird
 * 4) OO (opacity-opacity): hogwash

title: Transparency (linguistic)


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Let Down (Radiohead song)

"Let Down" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead, from their third studio album OK Computer (1997). It was released as a promotional single in September 1997, and reached number 29 on the US Modern Rock Tracks chart. It was included on Radiohead: The Best Of (2008).

Background and recording
"Let Down" was intended to be the first single from OK Computer, but "Paranoid Android" was chosen instead, which, along with "Karma Police", solidified the band's popularity. The track was ultimately not released as a single because the band was unsatisfied with the video they had produced, and ended up losing money. The song reached #29 in the US Hot Modern Rock tracks chart.

The song was recorded at St Catherine's Court mansion ballroom. Thom Yorke apparently was inspired to write the song while sitting in a pub, noting the customers "clinging on to bottles" and sensing in them the "emptiest of feelings," a sense of disappointment.

Live performances
The band has rarely performed "Let Down" live. After a 2006 performance, the song was not featured on any of the band's concert setlists for ten years until it was revived on the tour supporting A Moon Shaped Pool. The multi-track recording used in the studio version makes the song difficult to recreate live, especially with respect to the layering of multiple simultaneous vocal parts sung by Yorke. When it has been played live, Yorke has typically opted to skip the final verse and sing the accompanying background vocal part instead.

Influence and cover versions
In 2006 the song was covered by reggae musicians Toots & the Maytals for the Easy Star All Stars compilation album Radiodread, a complete makeover of OK Computer in ska, dub and reggae musical styles. An equally melancholy cover of the song is performed by Pedro the Lion on their 2005 live release Tour E.P. The electronic artist Let Down Loser got his name from this song.

Track listing
CD promo single
 * 1) "Let Down" – 4:59
 * 2) "Let Down (Edit)" – 4:27
 * 3) "Karma Police" – 4:21

Personnel
Radiohead
 * Colin Greenwood
 * Jonny Greenwood
 * Ed O'Brien
 * Philip Selway
 * Thom Yorke

Additional personnel
 * Stanley Donwood – illustrations
 * Nigel Godrich – production, engineering

title: Let Down (Radiohead song)


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Category talk:Polish criminals

Untitled
The category for inclusion in this category appears to be artificially different from the large majority of other "Criminals by nationality" categories. PatGallacher 19:05, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * Your addition of a NPOV tag is highly ironic as this category, like at least one other, appears to be completely objective. The others will no doubt become places where POV warriors will want to insert their favorite boogeymen based on their own subjective definition of what a "criminal" is; e.g. George W. Bush in American criminals, Fidel Castro in Cuban criminals, Menachem Begin in Israeli criminals or Polish criminals. Jayjg (talk)  19:11, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Polish criminals


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Talk:Brendon Batson

Brendon v. Brendan
I'm fairly sure his name is spelt with an 'o', not an 'a' - both the FA and West Brom's official sites, have it spelt that way. Qwghlm 19:05, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brendon Batson


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National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Національна академія наук України, abbr. NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that is the main center of development of science and technology by coordinating a system of research institutes in the country. It is the main research oriented organization along with the five other academies in Ukraine specialized in various scientific disciplines. NAS Ukraine consists of numerous departments, sections, research institutes, scientific centers and various other supporting scientific organizations.

The Academy reports on the annual basis to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The presidium of the academy is located at vulytsia Volodymyrska, 57, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum, which was used to host the Central Council during the independence period of 1917-18.

In 1919–1991 it was a republican branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Names
Over its history, the NAS Ukraine has had these 5 names.

Establishment of the Academy
The direct institutional predecessors of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences were the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lemberg (Lviv) and the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv that due to various circumstances did not developed into national academy.

The initiative to create such an institution came from the Ukrainian Science Society in April 1917, eight months before the beginning of the Soviet-Ukrainian War. However it was finally materialized during the time of the Ukrainian State, when on the proposal of the Minister of Education and Arts Mykola Vasylenko a special commission was formed. Headed by academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Volodymyr Vernadskyi, the commission has drafted a bill about creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Science in Kyiv with its National Library, National Museum, and other scientific institutions. At the end of June 1918 the issue on creation of the Academy was raised at the Ukrainian Science Society Extraordinary General Assembly (June 23 and 28). During July 9 - September 17, 1918 the commission based on the proposed by Vernadskyi a model of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) as an academy with universal characteristics has developed a bill for the creation of the Academy, a draft of its statute and staff, estimate. Based on them on November 14, 1918 Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadsky signed the Law of Ukrainian State about establishing of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv, and also approved the UAS statute, the UAS staff and its institutions and the order of Ministry of National Education about appointing the first 12 full members (academicians) of the UAS.

According to its original statute, the Academy consisted of three research departments in history and philology (1st department), physics and mathematics (2nd department), as well as social studies (3rd department). Its structural units became permanent commissions and institutes. There were planned 15 institutes, 14 permanent commissions, 6 museums, 2 offices, 2 laboratories, botanical and acclimatization gardens, astronomical observatory, biology station, printing house and national library. All publishing of academy was to be printed in the Ukrainian language. Its statute emphasized the all-Ukrainian nature: the members could be not only citizens of the Ukrainian State, but also the Ukrainian scientists of the West Ukraine (at that time citizens of Austria-Hungary). Foreigners could become academicians as well, but on the resolution of the 2/3 of the active members' composition.

The presidium of newly created academy and its first academicians (three to each department) were appointed by the Ukrainian government, while the future members were expected to be elected by those academicians (as an active members). Among the first academicians were historians Dmytro Bahaliy and Orest Levytsky, economists Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky and Volodymyr Kosynsky, eastern studies Ahathanhel Krymsky and Nikolai Petrov, linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky, geologists Volodymyr Vernadsky and Pavlo Tutkovsky, biologist Mykola Kashchenko, mechanic Stepan Tymoshenko, law studies Fedir Taranovsky. For the post of the President of the Academy, the Hetman of Ukraine (head of state) Pavlo Skoropadsky invited Mykhailo Hrushevsky who at that time was the president of the Ukrainian Science Society and before the World War I served as the president of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lemberg, neighboring Austria-Hungary, but Hrushevsky declined the invitation yet later (sometime after 1923) became a major figure in the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS) in Kyiv.

Its official operations the academy started at the end of November 1918 with having several sessions of General Assembly and assemblies of its departments. The first General Assembly (Constituent) that took place on November 27, 1918 academician Volodymyr Vernadsky was elected the President of academy, while the permanent secretary became Ahathanhel Krymsky. The same day, at the sessions of the 2nd and the 3rd departments there were elected as chairmen respectively Mykola Kashchenko and Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky, on 8 December 1918 the chairman of the 1st department was elected Dmytro Bahaliy. All appointments were approved by Hetman Skoropadskyi.

The first institutions of the UAS established in December 1918 were such commissions:
 * for compilation of historic and geographic dictionary of the Ukrainian land (director Dmytro Bahaliy)
 * for compilation of historic dictionary of Ukrainian language (director Yevhen Tymchenko)
 * for compilation of the Ukrainian living language dictionary (director Ahathanhel Krymsky)
 * for publishing landmarks of the modern Ukrainian script (director Serhiy Yefremov)
 * (archaeographic commission) for publishing landmarks of language, script and history (director Vasyl Danylevych)
 * acclimatization garden (director Mykhailo Kashchenko)
 * institute of technical mechanics (director Stepan Tymoshenko)
 * institute of geodesy, institute of economic conjuncture and national economy of Ukraine (director Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky)

Next month there were added following commissions:
 * institute of demography
 * in research of common law (director Orest Levytsky)
 * in research of social issues (director Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky)
 * in research of national economy (director Volodymyr Kosynsky)

First years
During its first years the academy operated during the period of political instability and economical ruin (Ukrainian–Soviet War, Russian Civil War, Polish–Soviet War). The leadership of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences sought its recognition by each new power and principally emphasizing on non-political background of the main science center. Despite the financial hardship, famine, arrests, and emigration of some of its members, the UAS has not only survived as an institution, but developed its structure and directions of research, began to prepare for publication its scientific works.

On 3 January 1919 the Direktoria of the Ukrainian People's Republic has adopted legislatively changes to the UAS statute, according to which there were made provisions concerning printing of works in Ukrainian and foreign languages (volume of publications in foreign language should not exceeded the 1/4 amount of the Ukrainian language), all the UAS officials had to freely possess the Ukrainian language, and full members upon their approval would swear in allegiance to the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Supreme power also has left after itself the right to approve the newly elected members at the UAS General Assembly.

Following occupation of Kyiv by Bolshevik forces, on 11 February 1919 to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was handed over as its own property the mansion and former boarding house of countess Levashova on the order of People's Commissar of Education of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Volodymyr Zatonskyi. The next day on 12 February 1919 there took place an extraordinary UAS General Assembly, during which Ahatanhel Krymsky passed on the order of Zatonskyi immediately to start the work. Since the late 1920s, in the Soviet historiography that day was considered as the day of establishing the Academy of Sciences contrary to 14 February 1918 when Hetman Skoropadskyi signed the law on creation of the academy.

After several change of powers and withdrawal of the Denikin's forces in December 1919 the Bolsheviks permanently established themselves in Kyiv. With the second arrival of Bolsheviks Vernadsky resigned. Orest Levytskyor was elected President of the Academy for the next couple of years. In 1921 Levytsky was replaced by a newly elected Mykola Vasylenko, however he was not approved by the authorities and soon was replaced with Levytsky. Vasylenko after that was arrested in 1923 and convicted (later released on amnesty).

On June 14, 1921, the Council of People's Commissars of Ukrainian SSR adopted a decree "Resolution on the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences", according to which the Academy was recognized as the highest scientific state institution and subordinated to the Narkom of Education. The Academy was renamed from UAS to VUAN (ВУАН) as the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences underlining its meaning for the Ukrainian territories under Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and declaring its intentions to unite within one organization the scientific intelligentsiya of all Ukrainian lands. The relationship between the members of VUAN and the Soviet authorities soured, while the relationships with the Ukrainian scientists abroad had completely diminished. After the historian Orest Levytsky the President of the Academy became the botanist Volodymyr Lypsky. Between 1919-1930 to the Academy were elected 103 academicians. In 1924-5, the Academy held its first election for foreign members. However, none of the candidates were approved by the Narkom of Education.

In 1929, two of its members (Serhiy Yefremov and Mykhailo Slabchenko) and 24 corresponding agents (such as Osip Hermaize, Hryhoriy Holoskevych, Andriy Nikovsky, and others) were arrested in accusation to belonging to the non-existing (as later it was established) Union for the Freedom of Ukraine. None of the arrested have ever been released.

Structure and administration
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to its official status is a higher scientific self-governed organization of Ukraine and was founded on a state property. The self-government of the Academy is kept in independent determination of its research's thematic and forms of its organization and realization, formation of its organizational structure, solving own issues with administration of research, its financing, and professional cadres, fulfillment of its international scientific relations, free election and collegiality of its governing authority. The Academy brings together full members, corresponding members, and its foreign members, all scientists of its institutions, organizes and conducts fundamental and applied scientific research in the most important issues of natural, technical, social, and humanitarian sciences.

Administration
The highest body of self-government of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is its General Assembly (Загальні збори, Zahalni zbory) that consists of full members (academicians) and corresponding members. Except for issues relating to election of full members, corresponding members and foreign members of the Academy, at the General Assembly sessions take part with the right of decisive vote scientists who were delegated by work collective of the Academy's scientific institutions and with the right of advisory vote foreign members, directors of the Academy's scientific institutions, and representatives of scientific community.

In period between the General Assembly sessions the Academy's activities are being administered (supervised) by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Presidium which is elected by General Assembly on the term of 5 years. The NASU Presidium that was lastly elected in April 2015 consists of 32 persons including president, 5 vice-presidents, Chief Scientific Secretary, 14 department secretaries-academicians, 11 other members. In the Presidium's sessions take part with the right of advisory vote 5 acting Presidium members and 14 NASU Presidium advisers. The presidium meets in the former building of Countess Levashova that the Academy owns since its establishment in 1918. The presidium also directs operations of the Academy's publishing institutions as well as some selected science and other institutions among which are own exposition center, Grand Conference Hall, etc.

In the NASU function 3 sections with 14 departments within them. There also are 6 regional science centers in various regions of the country, which have dual subordination also to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. The basic elements of the NASU's structure are scientific research institutes and other scientific institutions such as observatories, botanic gardens, arboreta, nature preserves, libraries, museums, other. In 2006 the Academy accounted for 43,613 employees including 16,813 researchers; among them, 2,493 with degree of Doktor Nauk (Doctor of Sciences) and 7,996 with degree of Kandidat Nauk (Candidate of Sciences, Ph.D.).

The NASU is responsible for over 90% of all discoveries made in Ukraine, including the transmutation of lithium into helium, the production of heavy water, and the development of a 3-D radar that operates in the decimeter range.

Sections

 * Section of Physical-Technical and Mathematical Sciences
 * Department of Mathematics
 * Department of Computer Science
 * Department of Mechanics
 * Department of Physics and Astronomy
 * Department of Earth Sciences
 * Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science
 * Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering
 * Department of Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering
 * Section of Chemical and Biological Sciences
 * Department of Chemistry
 * Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology
 * Department of General Biology
 * Section of Social Sciences and Humanities
 * Department of Economics
 * Department of History, Philosophy and Law
 * Department of Literature, Language and Art Studies

Regional centers
Regional science centers (SCs) are: The most of institutions of the Academy (212) are placed in the city of Kyiv, following by Kharkiv (39) and Lviv (27). The Academy is represented at least by one institution in most of the oblasts in Ukraine, except Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, and Kirovohrad.
 * Donetsk SC (center in Donetsk, temporarily relocated to Kramatorsk) - 9 research institutes;
 * Western SC (Lviv) - 18 institutes;
 * Southern SC (Odesa) - 7 institutes;
 * North-East SC (Kharkiv) led by Volodymyr Semynozhenko since 25.11.1992 - 17 institutes;
 * Dnieper SC (Dnipro) - 7 institutes;
 * Crimea SC (Simferopol) - 8 institutes (statute activities and financing is suspended since 2014).

Libraries
There are 2 national libraries affiliated with the NASU:
 * The V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine with 10 million books, manuscripts
 * The V. Stefanyk National Library in Lviv.

Institutes
A. Pidhornyi Institute of Mechanical Engineering Problems in Kharkiv

Parks and nature reserves
The department of General Biology includes a number of parks and nature reserves.
 * Trostianets dendro-park
 * Donetsk Botanic Garden
 * Danube Biosphere Preserve
 * Karadah Nature Preserve
 * Kryvyi Rih Botanic Garden
 * Luhansk Nature Preserve
 * M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
 * Oleksandriya dendro-park
 * Sofiyivka dendro-park
 * Ukrainian Steppe Nature Preserve
 * Black Sea Biosphere Reserve

Publishers
The NASU has two publishing houses:
 * «Наукова думка» (roughly "Scientific Thought" or "Naukova dumka") and
 * «Академперіодика» (roughly "Academic Periodical" or "Akademperiodyka")

The NASU has made major contributions to most of the major fields of science.

Former (disbanded) institutions

 * Commission in research of the Soviet Law (1927–1934)
 * Cabinet of the Soviet Construction and Law (1930–1934)
 * Commission in research of the History of Western-Russian and Ukrainian Law (1919–1934)
 * Commission about the History of Common Law (1918–1934)
 * Demographic Institute (1918–1938)

Bogoliubov Prize
The Bogoliubov Prize is an award offered by the National Academy for scientists with outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and applied mathematics. The award is issued in the memory of theoretical physicist and mathematician Nikolay Bogoliubov. The award was founded in 1992.

Laureates

 * 2004 — Anton Naumovets
 * 2002 — Leonid A. Pastur, for a cycle of works on research of the theory of a field and the theory of the disorder systems
 * 2002 — Sergiy Peletminsky, for the set of works "Field theory and the theory of disordered systems".
 * 1998 — A. V. Pogorelov, for a series of "Creation and support of advanced mathematical methods for solving problems in physics and mathematics"
 * 1997 — Vasiliy S. Vladimirov
 * 1996 — Vladimir A. Marchenko, for a series of "functional-algebraic methods in mathematical physics"
 * 1993 — Oleksandr Sharkovsky, for a series of his works "The theory of scattering of quantum systems and one-dimensional dynamical systems".
 * 1992 — Yurii Mitropolskiy, for a series of his works "Method of averaging and its applications to mathematical and theoretical physics".

Vernadsky Gold Medal
The Academy has awarded its Vernadsky Gold Medal annually since 2004 to the most distinguished academicians.

 * 2003 Borys Paton
 * 2004 Platon Kostiuk and Szilveszter E. Vizi
 * 2005 Viktor Skopenko and Nikolai Plate
 * 2006 Yurii Mitropolskiy and Yury Osipov
 * 2007 Myroslav Popovych and Georges Nivat
 * 2008 Viktor Baryakhtar and Vladimir Kadyshevsky
 * 2009 Volodymyr Marchenko and Jean Bourgain
 * 2010 Mikhail Lisitsa and Manuel Cardona
 * 2011 Borys Oliynyk and Blaže Ristovski
 * 2012 Mykola Bahrov and Nikolai Laverov
 * 2013 Oleksandr Huz and Herbert Mang
 * 2014 Vadym Loktev and Alexei Abrikosov
 * 2015 Anthony Turner and Ganna V. Elska
 * 2016 Valeriy Skorokhod and Giorgi Tavadze
 * 2017 Volodymyr Morgun and George Fedak
 * 2018 Oleksiy Onyschenko and Michael Moser
 * 2019 Lukyan Anatychuk and Juri Grin
 * 2020 Anton Naumovets and Anton Zeilinger
 * 2021
 * 2022 Volodymyr Horbulin and Janusz Kacprzyk
 * 2023 Aaron Ciechanover and Serhiy Komisarenko

State-funded research institutions

 * Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine
 * National Academy of Arts of Ukraine
 * National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
 * National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
 * National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
 * National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
 * Minor Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Public-funded research institutions

 * Academy of Mining Sciences of Ukraine
 * Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine
 * Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine
 * Shevchenko Scientific Society
 * Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences of Canada (Winnipeg)
 * Ukrainian Academy of Art and Sciences in the US (New York)

University
Kyiv Academic University (KAU) is a pilot research university in Ukraine, established by a government decree on December 14, 2016. It is a state scientific institution under the dual authority of the National Academy and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

KAU has 10 departments, 3 research centers (Data Science Research Center, Center for Quantum Technologies, Center for Life Sciences) and Innovation Center. Among its departments are:

 * 1) Department of Applied Physics and Material Science (based at the Paton Institute of Electric Welding)
 * 2) Department of Applied Physics and Nanoscale Systems (based at the Kurdyumov Institute of Metal Physics)
 * 3) Department of Fundamental Problems of General and Applied Physics (based at the Institute of Physics)
 * 4) Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience  (based at the Kyiv Academic University);
 * 5) Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (based at the Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics)
 * 6) Department of Mathematics (based at the NASU Institute of Mathematics)
 * 7) Department of Theoretical Cybernetics and Optimal Control Methods (based at the Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics)
 * 8) Department Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (based at the NASU Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics)

KAU's main activities include:

 * Conducting scientific research in cutting-edge areas with student involvement
 * Educating students with top NAS scientists experienced in international collaboration
 * Promoting innovation
 * Developing continuous scientific education and popularizing science

title: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine


text:
Verosvres

Verosvres is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

History
The name Verosvres is derived from the Gallic word Verobriga, vero meaning "true" or "good" and briga meaning "fortress": thus giving "Good castle".

In 1920, the town of Verosvres formed "an agglomeration of about eighty houses, including one for the post office and telegraph." The town was then served by a railway line, now defunct, which connected Paray-le-Monial to Mâcon, and stopped at a station called "Les Terreaux — Verosvres".

Notable people

 * Verosvres is the birthplace of Saint Margaret Mary Alacoque, who first inspired devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the Roman Catholic Church.
 * Pierre Albuisson (born in 1952), French postage stamp engraver and designer, presides the Art du timbre gravé association whose headquarters are located in Verosvres.

title: Verosvres


text:
Maia Lewis

Maia Ann Mereana Lewis (born 20 June 1970) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-handed batter. She appeared in 9 Test matches, 78 One Day Internationals and 1 Twenty20 International for New Zealand between 1992 and 2005. She captained in 1997 and between 2003 and 2005. She played domestic cricket for Southern Districts, Canterbury, North Harbour and Wellington. Lewis also represented New Zealand in Hockey, and Indoor Cricket, making her a triple international athlete.

She retired from cricket in 2005. In the 2006 Queen's Birthday Honours, Lewis was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to women's cricket.

Post-retirement, Lewis has worked as Auckland cricket Women's Cricket Manager and Auckland Hearts coach from 2006 to 2012. And later in various other sporting roles, including with the Halberg Disability Sport Foundation, and on the boards of Blind Sport New Zealand and Northland Cricket Association.

title: Maia Lewis


text:
User:Sumocube

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page!
 * Robdurbar 19:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Sumocube


text:
Charles Turnbull

Charles Turnbull may refer to:

 * Charles Wesley Turnbull (1935-2022), governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands
 * Charles Turnbull (cricketer) (1851–1920), English cricketer

title: Charles Turnbull


text:
Lullaby of Broadway (song)

"Lullaby of Broadway" is a popular song with music written by Harry Warren and lyrics by Al Dubin, published in 1935. The lyrics salute the nightlife of Broadway and its denizens, who "don't sleep tight until the dawn."

The song was introduced by Wini Shaw in the musical film Gold Diggers of 1935, and, in an unusual move, it was used as background music in a sequence in the Bette Davis film Special Agent that same year. Furthermore, again that year, it was sung by Jeane Cowan in a night club scene in the James Cagney film G Men. In three Warner Bros. films, it won the 1935 Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Lyrics
Unlike the song "Manhattan" and many others, "Lullaby of Broadway" does not name-check any Broadway locations. The line, "The daffydils who entertain / At Angelo's and Maxie's" references a fictitious place (or places). "Daffydils" — often sung as "daffodils" — was a slang term for chorus girls (or indeed boys, depending on the venue). Since the song was written, several real establishments have opened on or around Broadway, adopting the name from the song, rather than vice versa.

Popular recordings
Hit versions in 1935 were by:
 * The Dorsey Brothers Orchestra (vocal by Bob Crosby)
 * Little Jack Little
 * Reginald Foresythe
 * Hal Kemp (vocal: Bob Allen)
 * Chick Bullock

Other versions have been recorded by:
 * 1944 The Andrews Sisters - recorded August 24, 1944 for Decca Records.
 * 1951 Doris Day recorded the song twice in 1950. The first was with the Norman Luboff Choir and the Buddy Cole Quartet on December 8. This was included in the album Lullaby of Broadway. The second was on December 28, 1950 with Harry James and his orchestra. (Doris Day discography).
 * 1956 Bing Crosby recorded the song for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the box set The Bing Crosby CBS Radio Recordings (1954-56) issued by Mosaic Records (catalog MD7-245) in 2009.
 * 1957 Tony Bennett for his album The Beat of My Heart.
 * 1959 Ella Fitzgerald recorded the song on her Verve release Ella Fitzgerald Sings Sweet Songs for Swingers, accompanied by the Frank DeVol Orchestra.
 * 1962 The song was recorded by Connie Francis in 1962 and 1963 and a version can be found on her album Connie Francis Sings Award Winning Motion Picture Hits (1963).
 * 1964 Caterina Valente - included on her album I Happen to Like New York.
 * 1973 Bette Midler recorded a cover of the song for her album Bette Midler. The song is performed as a medley with "Optimistic Voices". It also appears on her 1977 album Live at Last.
 * 1977 The Pasadena Roof Orchestra included on their album The Show Must Go On.
 * 1979 Bram Tchaikovsky as a single.
 * 2003 Dianne Reeves recorded it on her album, A Little Moonlight.
 * 2004 Chelsea Krombach covered this song on her debut album Profile.
 * 2006 Tony Bennett and the Dixie Chicks as a track for his album Duets: An American Classic.
 * 2016 Swing revivalists the Cherry Poppin' Daddies recorded a version for their album The Boop-A-Doo, a cover album of 1920s and 1930s jazz standards, taking its title from a lyric from the song.

Film appearances

 * 1935 Gold Diggers of 1935,
 * 1935 Special Agent
 * 1935 G Men
 * 1935 Page Miss Glory (Merrie Melodies cartoon), based on a Dubin-Warren song, the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra version served as part of the background music.
 * 1951 Lullaby of Broadway, sung by Doris Day.
 * 1980 Taxi (TV series), season 2, episode 24 "Fantasy Borough: Part 2".
 * 1993 Life with Mikey

In popular culture
It is also featured in an episode of Taxi (performed by Marilu Henner) and the Broadway musical 42nd Street, originated by Jerry Orbach playing Julian Marsh in the 1980 original cast.

In 1976, Wini Shaw's original recorded version of the song was released as a 45 rpm single and made no. 42 in the UK charts. Subsequently, the BBC interviewed Wini Shaw O'Malley in New York about her new success with it. She could not believe it.

The song was used in a commercial for the Milford Plaza Hotel, where it was called the "Lullabuy of Broadway".

The song was performed by a group of Muppet eskimos in the Gilda Radner episode of The Muppet Show.

In Lisa Stansfield's 1990 music video for her cover of Cole Porter's "Down in the Depths (On the Ninetieth Floor)", the beginning and ending are both references to the song. The video begins with her disembodied head zooming in, while singing the opening to the song, and ends with it zooming out, while singing the outro.

Linda Lavin and Martha Raye sang this song in the 1970s TV show Alice in the episode "Sharples vs. Sharples".

In 2005, Idina Menzel recorded a pop/hip-hop version of the song for the end credits of ShowBusiness: The Road to Broadway.

The song appears in the dancing video game Dance on Broadway.

title: Lullaby of Broadway (song)