text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fukuoka-Kitakyushu

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Note that this does not preclude merging with another article if a consensus exists to do so. · Katefan0(scribble) 22:26, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Fukuoka-Kitakyushu
The two cities of Fukuoka and Kitakyushu are 50 km apart, with lots of countryside in between, so it is not a metropolitan area. Both cities are in Fukuoka prefecture, and the former is the prefectural capital, but residents of both do not use or refer to this concept of "Fukuoka-Kitakyushu", which is a misleading one. Also the second statement: "It probably takes up about 1000 to 2000 km2 (400 to 750 sq. mi.) of urban and ex-urban land. " is very vague indeed. So I propose this article be deleted. See also the discussion page. Historian 07:12, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak Keep: Even if it is deleted, it likely to re-appear sooner or later. Negative comments will give more information than deleting it altogether. Soredewa 02:27, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: The articles in Wikipedia should be articles, not studies or campaigns. Fukuoka-Kitakyushu is not a metropolitan area but a (political) campaign.
 * I don't think this article will simply be delated; It should be renamed and reorganized. As the article describes that campaign, then it will be appropriate. --Suika, 29 July, 2005

Doesn't anyone else have an opinion? --Historian 04:26, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * This nom was never added to a main VfD page; doing so now. Keep, seems like a somewhat valid topic.  JYolkowski // talk 13:51, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. The designation of "Fukuoka-Kitakyushu" as a "metropolitan area" was by government ordinance in 1972.  Therefore, the link to metropolitan area is misleading; I'm going to change it to metropolitan area.  (Incidentally, that "Cities designated by government ordinance" article is (was, I created a better name) tragically misnamed; it applies only the Japanese cities.) Nandesuka 16:51, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as officially designated metropolitan area. Capitalistroadster 23:03, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's #84 on the List of metropolitan areas by population and #83 on the list ja:都市圏人口の順位. Fg2 07:54, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

I think Kitakyushu was designated a metropolitan area in 1963 and Fukuoka in 1972. They were not designated together as "Fukuoka-Kitakyushu", were they? And as for the List of metropolitan areas by population it is admitted at the top of the page that the listing is "controversial". You bet it is! And here is the Japanese Kitakyushu Urban area which is different from the Fukuoka urban area. On the latter page it is specifically stated that there is a term "Fukuhoku Toshiken" (Fukuoka-Kitakyushu urban area) but it is not generally used. OK, people want to keep it. I accept the majority view, but I still think it is an unhelpful expression.--Historian 09:53, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps merge into Fukuoka-ken as it is hardly a notable term Ashibaka (tock) 18:52, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

OK I have removed the sentence "It probably..." and now I think it can be kept, though I would support a merge as suggested by Ashibaka. --Historian 11:29, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

I have now added the following to Fukuoka-ken: "There are separate economic areas around Fukuoka and Kitakyushu, and very rarely the term "Fukuoka-Kitakyushu" is also used." When does this process finish - i.e. when can we get rid of Fukuoka-Kitakyushu ? --Historian 09:19, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Geosynchronous_satellite
The orbits are known as geosynchronous orbit and geostationary orbit.

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Wig

A wig or toupee is a head of hair - human, horse-hair or synthetic - worn on the head for fashion or various other aesthetic and stylistic reasons, including cultural and religious observance.

Actors, on the other hand often wear wigs so they better resemble the character they are portraying.

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1953
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Cultural origins:

early 20th century Appalachia, esp.

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Sir Richard Doll, 92, British epidemiologist, first person to link cigarette smoking and lung cancer.

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Racism
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Czechoslovak poster saying: "We greet the heroic Cuban people".

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Fixed_currency
China's Renmimbi (Which actually means "The People's Money") has been pegged for decades.

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The programme name is an abbreviation of "synchronous communication satellite".

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(Yom Ha'atzma'ut) Hebrew date of 5 Iyar (unless that falls on Shabbat, in which case it is the 3rd) which occurs usually at the end of spring (May).

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The People's Bank of China (ä¸å›½äººæ°‘é“¶è¡Œ, pinyin: ZhÅ�ngguÃ³ RÃ©nmÃn YÃnhÃ¡ng ) (not to be confused with the Bank of China or the Central Bank of China) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China with the power to control monetary policy and regulate financial institutions in mainland China.

After the communist victory, all banks were nationalized and incorporated into the PBOC. The headquarters were first located in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, then moved to Beijing in 1949.

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Condensed list of historical anniversaries.

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Tailcoat
HM the Queen with Commonwealth Prime Ministers, in the 1950s.

To her right, Sir Winston Churchill; to her left, Robert Menzies of Australia and Louis St.

Laurent of Canada.

They wear evening dress with decorations.

Evening dress (also known as full evening dress) or white tie is the most formal dress code that exists for civilians today.1

L._L._Zamenhof
L._L._Zamenhof

Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer) Zamenhof (December 15, 1859â€“April 14, 1917) was a Russian-Jewish ophthalmologist, philologist, and Zionist, and the initiator of Esperanto, the most widely spoken planned language to date.

Zamenhof was born on December 15, 1859 in the town of BiaÅ‚ystok, in what is now Poland but was then part of the Russian Empire.

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Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn
Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn

JosÃ© de San MartÃn (25 February 1778 â€“ 17 August 1850) was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.

Together with SimÃ³n BolÃvar in the north, San MartÃn is regarded as one of the Liberators of Spanish South America.

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United_States_dollar
United_States_dollar

The United States dollar, or American dollar, is the official currency of the United States.

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Ongoing events

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July 25, 2005 (Monday)

Bilateral negotiations have resumed between the US and North Korea.

(IHT)

Two men, one today, one yesterday, have been arrested in the New Southgate area of London during police investigations into the recent London bombings.

Mathematics
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This latter meaning of mathematics includes the mathematics used to do calculations or models and is an indispensable tool in the natural sciences, engineering and economics.

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Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air, August 9, 1945 after the Allied atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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3/5th

(United States) a term for blacks referring to the Congressional Compromise which agreed that, for purposes of representation in the House, every slave would be counted as 3/5ths of a person.

51st Stater

(International) Facetious reference to any citizen of a nation whose politics and culture appear closely aligned with the United States.

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Jason_King_(television)
Jason_King_(television)

Jason King was a typical product of late 1960s/early 1970s television.

Over 26 episodes King, portrayed by the smooth Peter Wyngarde, would manage to become embroiled in a 50 minute adventure which took in glamourous women, exotic locations (for the era) and menacing villains.

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Metropolitan_Police_Service

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police, its former official name, or colloquially as the Met) is the territorial police force in Greater London, England, with the exception of the square mile of the City of London, which has its own police force, the City of London Police.

Along with the Met and the City of London Police, Greater London is also policed by the British Transport Police (who are responsible for policing on the rail systems, London Underground, Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway), the Royal Parks Constabulary (who patrol a number of London's major parks), and several borough park police forces.

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Caucasian is originally a geographical term, meaning relative or pertaining to the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and West Asia.

It has in time acquired other specific meanings, most notably in the US, where it has come to mean white, which, however, is an unfortunate misnomer given the fact that Caucasians aren't quite white.

in linguistics, the languages of the Caucasus are a large number of languages spoken in the Caucasus area; often specifically those that have no demonstrated relatives outside of that region, which are classified into the South, Northwest, Northeast, and North-central Caucasian language families.

July_23
July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining.

American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.

Ernst Pfenning of Chicago, Illinois becomes the first owner of a Ford Model A.

1914 - Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia allowing the Austrians to find out who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

July_24
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War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.

American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown - Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.

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July_26
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The declaration of independence of the northern Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

1775 - The birth of what would later become the United States Post Office Department was established by the Second Continental Congress and Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General.

1803 - the Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London.

Department_S
Department_S

The series lasted for 28 episodes, which aired during 1969-1970.

The series starred Peter Wyngarde as Jason King (who later went on to star in his own spin-off series), Joel Fabiani as Stewart Sullivan and Rosemary Nicols as Annabelle Hurst.

The trio were agents for a fictional special department (the 'S' of the title) of Interpol.

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Carte_Orange
A holder of the pass is entitled to unlimited use of the public transit system within a given period of time, with cartes oranges being available for durations of one week or one month.

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Main_Page
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White blackface performers in the past used burnt cork, then later greasepaint, to affect jet-black skin and exaggerated lips, often wearing woolly wigs, gloves, tails or ragged clothes to complete the transformation.

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Moncada_Barracks
On July 26, 1953, at 5:00AM, Fidel Castro and his brother RaÃºl led 160 poorly-armed and perhaps overeager insurgents in an attack on dictator Fulgencio Batista's second largest fortress in Cuba, headquarters of the 1,000 strong Maceo regiment.

Their plan was to take the barracks, including the radio transmitter within it, and use it as a centre from which to broadcast propaganda to the Cuban people.

Quarterback
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If the quarterback is tackled behind the line of scrimmage, it is known as a sack.

Blackface
This reproduction of a 1900 minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Litho Co.,

shows the transformation from white to "black".

White blackface performers in the past used burnt cork, then later greasepaint, to affect jet-black skin and exaggerated lips, often wearing woolly wigs, gloves, tails or ragged clothes to complete the transformation.

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This page was last modified 02:20, 21 July 2005.

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Fidel Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926), has led Cuba since 1959, when, leading the 26th of July Movement, he overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista, and transformed Cuba into the first Communist state in the Western Hemisphere.

During his more than 40-year rule, he has emerged as one of the most controversial political figures in the world.

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It has recently been afflicted by two civil wars (1989â€“1996 and 1999â€“2003) that have displaced hundreds of thousands of its citizens and destroyed the Liberian economy.

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The historical roots from which a majority of present-day Liberians derive their identity, however, are found in the varied traditions of the several tribal groups of indigenous Africans whom the settlers confronted in their struggle to gain a foothold in Africa and, later, extend their control into the interior.

On July 26, 1847, the Americo-Liberians declared the independence of the Republic of Liberia.

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It was a clockwise route, visiting the Alps before the Pyrenees.

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This usually happens upon reaching a determined age, when physical conditions don't allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident), or even for personal choice (usually in the presence of an adequate pension).

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"In the 1800s, Queen Victoria publicly declared makeup impolite.

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Afonso I of Portugal (English Alphonzo), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques, or also Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), (GuimarÃ£es, 1109, traditionally July 25 â€“ Coimbra, 1185 December 6), also known as the Conqueror ( Port.

o Conquistador), was the first king of Portugal, declaring his independence from Leon.

He was proclaimed king in July 26, 1139 and died on December 6, 1185 in Coimbra.

At the end of the 11th century, the Iberian Peninsula political agenda was mostly concerned with the Reconquista, the driving out of the Muslim successor-states to the Caliphate of CÃ³rdoba after its collapse.

Theater
For other usages see Theatre (disambiguation)

Theatre is that branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle â€” indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts.

In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera, mummers' plays, and pantomime.

[edit]

Overview of theatre

"Drama" (literally translated, is defined as: Action) is that branch of theatre in which speech, either from written text (plays), or improvised is paramount.

However, theatre is more than just what one sees on stage.

Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar
SimÃ³n JosÃ© Antonio de la SantÃsima Trinidad BolÃvar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 â€“ December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader.

Credited with leading the fight for independence in what are now the nations of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, today's Panama and Bolivia, he is revered as a hero in those countries and throughout the rest of Latin America.

Among his tutors was SimÃ³n RodrÃguez, from whose ideas and educational style was heavily influenced.

Esperanto
The name derives from D-ro Esperanto (Dr.

Hopeful), the pseudonym under which L. L. Zamenhof first published the language in 1887.

Renminbi
Renminbi

The renminbi (Simplified Chinese: äººæ°‘å¸�; Traditional Chinese: äººæ°‘å¹£; pinyin: rÃ©nmÃnbÃ¬; literally "people's currency") is the official currency in the mainland of the People's Republic of China.

It is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of the PRC. The official ISO 4217 abbreviation is CNY, although also commonly abbreviated against ISO standard as "RMB."

China's currency, which for the previous decade had been tightly pegged at 8.2

8 renminbi to the U.S. dollar, was revalued in July 2005 to 8.1

U.S. dollar.

The People's Bank of China also announced that the renminbi would be pegged to a market basket of foreign currencies, rather than being strictly tied to the U.S. dollar, and would trade within a narrow 0.3

EOT

Hey_Jude
For the album of the same name, see Hey Jude (album).

All Music Guide (4.5

"Hey Jude" is a song attributed to Paul McCartney and John Lennon (but largely the work of McCartney).

The song, despite its unusual length of 7 minutes, 11 seconds on the original 45 rpm version, became the Beatles' best-selling single.

Archie_Campbell
Archie_Campbell

Archie Campbell (born November 7, 1914 in Bulls Gap, Tennessee, died August 29, 1987 in Knoxville, Tennessee) was a writer and star of Hee Haw, a popular long-running country-flavored television variety show.

Campbell studied art at Mars Hill College in North Carolina, after which he began a radio career at WNOX in Knoxville.

At the end of World War II, Campbell returned to WNOX. He left that station for rival WROL where he helped start Knoxville's first country music television show (on WROL-TV), "Country Playhouse" that premiered in 1952 and ran until 1958.

EOT

Public_transport
While it is generally taken to mean rail and bus services, wider definitions would include scheduled airline services, ferries, taxicab services etc.

Andy_Ducat
Andrew Ducat (born February 16, 1886 in Brixton, London - died July 23, 1942 at Lord's Cricket Ground, St John's Wood, London) was an England and Surrey cricketer.

Ducat died of an apparent heart attack whilst playing in a wartime cricket match and remains the only man to have died during a game at Lord's.

He played in only one Test, against Australia in 1921.

In later years he was captain of a cup-winning Aston Villa football team and was cricket coach at Eton.

Ducat was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1920.

Lance_Armstrong
For other uses, see Lance Armstrong (disambiguation).

Armstrong on the cover of Sports Illustrated after winning the 2004 Tour de France.

He is most famous for recovering from testicular cancer to subsequently win the Tour de France a record seven consecutive timesâ€”1999 to 2005.

His success prompted some to nickname the event the Tour de Lance.

Spin-off
A spin-off (or spinoff) is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one such as a new company formed from a university research group.

Spin-offs can include a dissenting faction of a membership organization, a sect of a cult, a denomination of a church, a diversified branch of a large corporation, or a start-up company formed by members of a research group at a university.

21_July_2005_London_bombings
On 21 July 2005, four attempted bomb attacks disrupted part of London's public transport system exactly two weeks after the 7 July 2005 London bombings.

People's_Republic_of_China
People's_Republic_of_China

For other uses, see PRC (disambiguation).

For the historical and cultural entity, see China.

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Jean_Charles_de_Menezes
Jean_Charles_de_Menezes

Jean Charles de Menezes (January 7, 1978â€“July 22, 2005) was a Brazilian electrician living in Tulse Hill in south London.

Menezes was shot and killed by Metropolitan Police officers at Stockwell tube station on the London Underground.

A Roman Catholic from Gonzaga in Minas Gerais, Menezes had lived in the United Kingdom for three years before his death.

EOT

Sharm_el-Sheikh
Sharm_el-Sheikh

Sharm el-Sheikh (Ø´Ø±Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ®, also transliterated as Sharm ash Shaykh), often known simply as "Sharm," is a city situated on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in Janub Sina', Egypt, on the coastal strip between the Red Sea and Mount Sinai.

It is an approximately four hour drive to IsmaÃ¯lia and a three hour drive to Taba.

EOT

Austin_Powers
Austin_Powers

Austin Powers in International Man of Mystery.

EOT

Cleveland_Browns
In some accounts there may be confusion regarding the team's history due to unusual and unprecedented actions taken following the relocation of the original team to Baltimore, Maryland following the 1995 season.

For that reason, official records and Pro Football Hall of Fame players are attributed to the Browns and not to the Ravens.

Some, however, consider the 1996 Baltimore Ravens and the relocated 1995 Browns as one continuous entity, often using the term The Modell Franchise to denote it (after its long-time owner, Art Modell).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Tubelius/page2


text:
Talk:Elias Hicks

Untitled
I suspect that the article on Elias Hicks might be somewhat misleading. English visitors to Hicks remarked how old-fashioned he was in his dress and ways, and where is the evidence that there was deviation from plain speech? He insisted that he believed in Christ's divinity and quoted the Bible from memory in spoken ministry. He may be seen as within the quietist tradition of Woolman and Job Scott, whereas the Orthodox were taking on evangelistic notions which were alien to original Quaker faith. He might have been puzzled that modern liberal Quakers are now referred to as Hicksites. (sources: Edwin Bronner 'The Other Branch', H.Larry Ingle 'Quakers in Conflict', also E.Poley 'Quaker Anecdotes' for his ethical standards.)

 * He certainly might have been so puzzled. Be bold. --Eric Forste (talk) 07:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I like what you say here, especially in that it draws attention away from the schism and back to the human Hicks, so I've edited some of it and put that into the article. Please edit the article as you see fit!  I am also reminded of a memoir of Hicks's preaching written, I think, by the famous poet Walt Whitman, who got to see and hear some of it. This was from a book my sister has, so I'm going to have to search around to find it again, but I suspect the passages in question are long out of copyright, and some of them might be usefully incorporated into this article. --Eric Forste (talk) 06:41, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Text removed September 3, 2005
During my edits just now, I either removed the following sections, or wrote them heavily:

From Hicks's Reported Views:
 * It was certainly one of the distinguishing beliefs of Friends from the time of its founder, George Fox. Therefore, Hicks emphasized it in his preaching.  He downplayed and reputedly even denied the doctrines of the miraculous conception and divinity of Christ and the provision of vicarious atonement by the death of Christ.  He also was reported to have denied that certain in the counts were historical fact and taught that the leading of the Inner light was more authoritative than the text of the Bible.  His detractors considerd these views heretical because they contradict the teachings of "orthodox" Christianity.

From Disputes Among Friends:
 * The contoversy over Hicks's teaching interrupted the normally calm procedings of the Religious Society of Friends and resulted in competition and disputation instead of the consensus that noramally charactrized and still characterizes interaction among them. In 1827 certain members of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting tried to prevent Hicks from speaking.  In 1828, the Yearly Meeting split, and there were two sessions. Other yearly meetings split along similar lines during subsequent years, including those in New York, Balitmore, Ohio, and Indiana.  Those who sided with Hicks were generally called Hicksites, and his detractors were called Orthodox Friends.  Each side considered itself the legitimate heir to the legacy of earlier Friends, such as George Fox and Robert Barclay.

 * Hicks' partisans were mostly country Friends who perceived urban Friends as worldly. Many of the Philadelphia Friends were wealthy businessmen, and many of the country Friends kept less peculiar in matters of "plain speech" and "plain dress", which by this point in time had become a sort of jargon and a sort of uniform, respectively. The split was not purely doctrinal. It reflected tensions that had been growing between the elders — who were mostly from the cities — and Friends who lived farther away from major communities and Meetings. Both groups that emerged after the schism continued as unprogrammed Meetings, having no designated preacher, prearranged music, or set ritual.

 * As for Elias Hicks himself, his English visitors remarked how old-fashioned he was in his dress and ways, and there is no particular reason to think that his speech was not plain.

--Ahc 01:46, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

So who won?
The article describes a split between Hicksites and Orthodox Quakers. How did this impact the Quakerism of today? Was Hicks just the proponent of one side of an 18th century squabble or did he influence modern Quakers? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.172.186.229 (talk) 19:13, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

-- Everybody lost. The official Orthodox line was that Hicks and his followers were disowned. At that time, Britian YM supported the Orthodox. There were more splits after that. I guess, in all branches, the effect is weaker elders, and a tendency to prefer to be like some outside group (such as Wesleyans, or Unitarians) instead of like more traditional Quakers (There seems to be a fear on all sides that Barclay and Fox are a path to the crazies on the other side of that old split).

Michael

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Jargon and code abounds, not useful unless one already has solid knowledge of Quaker doctrine.
I will list the problems I see with the 2nd paragraph of the Doctrinal views section sentence by sentence: 1. Although many accused him of denying the divinity of Christ, the skepticism came because of the unorthodox views he held." The skepticism? Whose skepticism? His for the divinity of Jesus or his critics for him? Completely unclear.

2."He believed that Jesus fulfilled all the law under the Mosaic dispensation and after the last ritual (John's Baptism in water), He became clothed with power from on high to carry out his gospel ministry." So what? This needs to be compared and contrasted with the Society's doctrine of the time, otherwise it's just babble. I have no clue what "the Mosaic dispensation" is, and of course it's not explained. When did the baptism occur in Jesus's lifetime? "Clothed with power" is not clear. How do you tailor, wash, mend, or wear 'clothes' of power? You don't. An encyclopedia article is supposed to clearly articulate to the common reader its meaning. This is another example of the use of unexplained jargon which I can only assume is intended to hide or confuse rather that explain and clarify. Also, is the power for the last days of His life or is the theory that his ministry continued after his crucifixion?

3."He believed the outward manifestation of Jesus was unique to the Jews and that Jesus taught the imminent end of the age of Moses along with all physical outward ordinances, types and shadows." What is an "outward manifestation"? How could anyone rationally believe that a group of people (the Jews) who share only a religion but not location, epoch, or communication could be described as having a "unique" relationship of some kind with a "outward manifestation"? More jargon and code. What are (outward) ordinances? types? and who could seriously use the term "shadows" without explanation.

4. "He believed Jesus to be the Christ or Son of God through perfect obedience to the Inner Light, and most commonly referred to him as our "great pattern", encouraging others that they needed to grow in love and righteousness as he did to experience the gospel state." This sentence is almost clear. What did he mean by "grow in love"? It is code for something, I'm not clear what. Explain. (I will add that since nothing physical is "perfect", that perfect obedience is impossible as a requirement for our behavior. What is "gospel state"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 40.142.185.108 (talk) 03:32, 10 August 2019 (UTC)

Not the first Quaker Schism
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Perrot — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.126.205.201 (talk) 17:47, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

Argumentative essay/personal essay style
I have heavily edited/re written the Doctrinal Views section to address the personal essay/doctrinal essay issue.

seeking feedback and consensus on if this disclaimer can be removed  2600:1700:291:7590:3937:41F:AFE5:8CBC (talk) 20:31, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elias Hicks


text:
Anthem of the Sun

Anthem of the Sun is the second album by rock band the Grateful Dead, released in 1968 on Warner Bros/Seven Arts. It is the first album to feature second drummer Mickey Hart. The band was also joined by Tom Constanten, who contributed avant-garde instrumental and studio techniques influenced by composers John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen. The album was assembled through a collage-like editing approach helmed by members Jerry Garcia and Phil Lesh (along with soundman Dan Healy), in which disparate studio and live performance tapes were spliced together to create new hybrid recordings. The band also supplemented their performances with instruments such as prepared piano, kazoo, harpsichord, timpani, trumpet, and güiro. The result is an experimental studio amalgam that is neither a pure studio album nor a live album.

In 1972, a more commercial alternate mix of the album was officially released to capitalize on the band's recent success. A 2018 reissue on Rhino Records collects both the 1968 and 1972 mixes. The album was ranked number 288 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, in both the 2003 and 2012 iterations of the list. It was voted number 376 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Recording
The band entered American Studios in Los Angeles in November 1967 with David Hassinger, the producer of their eponymous debut album. However, determined to make a more complicated recorded work than their debut release, as well as attempt to translate their live sound into the studio, the band and Hassinger changed locations to New York City. By December they had gone through two other studios, Century Sound and Olmstead Studios (both "highly regarded eight-track studios").

Eventually, Hassinger grew frustrated with the group's slow recording pace and quit the project entirely while the band was at Century Sound, with only a third of the album completed. It has been reported that he left after guitarist Bob Weir requested creating the illusion of "thick air" in the studio by mixing recordings of silence taken in the desert and the city. Hassinger commented that "Nobody could sing [the new tracks recorded in NYC], and at that point they were experimenting too much in my opinion. They didn't know what the hell they were looking for." Garcia noted that "we want[ed] to learn how the studio work[ed]. We [didn't] want somebody else doing it. It's our music, we want[ed] to do it."

Returning to San Francisco's Coast Recorders, the band recruited their soundman, Dan Healy, to help produce. In between studio sessions, the band also began recording their live dates. Lesh commented that this was in part because the songs were not "road tested." Healy, Garcia, and Lesh then took these concert tapes (encompassing two Los Angeles shows from November 1967, a tour of the Pacific Northwest in January and early February 1968, and a California tour from mid-February to mid-March 1968) and began interlacing them with existing studio tracks. Garcia called this "mix[ing] it for the hallucinations". Kreutzmann explained, "Phil and Jerry were the ones who figured out that we could exploit studio technology to demonstrate how these songs were mirrors of infinity, even when they adhered to their established arrangements. It's the old paradox of 'improvisational compositions'. Jazz artists knew all about the balance between freedom and structure, but a few rock bands were now catching on. Most rock bands, however, tended to head in an opposite direction, afraid of the uncertainty of improvisation. We decided that Anthem of the Sun was going to be our statement on the matter". Drummer Bill Kreutzmann's description of the production process describes the listening experience of the album as well: "...Jerry [Garcia] and Phil [Lesh] went into the studio with [Dan] Healy and, like mad scientists, they started splicing all the versions together, creating hybrids that contained the studio tracks and various live parts, stitched together from different shows, all in the same song — one rendition would dissolve into another and sometimes they were even stacked on top of each other... It was easily our most experimental record, it was groundbreaking in its time, and it remains a psychedelic listening experience to this day.'"

Tom Constanten, a friend of Lesh and Garcia, joined the band in the studio while on leave from the United States Air Force to provide piano, prepared piano, and electronic tape effects influenced by John Cage and Stockhausen. Constanten would formally join the band following his discharge in November 1968; however, his contributions to the band's sound were more evident in the studio than in live shows, and Anthem of the Sun was no exception. Constanten developed piano pieces that sounded like three gamelan orchestras playing at once and created effects by setting a spinning gyroscope on the piano soundboard. Likewise, the rest of the band used a large assortment of instruments in the studio to augment the live tracks that were the base of each song, including kazoos, crotales, harpsichord, timpani, trumpet, and a güiro. Garcia commented that parts of the album were "far out, even too far out... We weren't making a record in the normal sense; we were making a collage." He also acknowledged the influence of Lesh's study of Stockhausen and other avant-gardists. Warner Bros. executive Joe Smith was noted as characterizing Anthem of the Sun as "the most unreasonable project with which we have ever involved ourselves."

Jerry Garcia's longtime friend and songwriting partner, Robert Hunter, had made his first lyrical contributions to the band the previous year for "Dark Star". He added words to the Lesh/Pigpen composition "Alligator" on this album.

Locations
While no certain date for the beginning of recording is known, it is unlikely that any material was recorded before September 19, 1967, the date when Mickey Hart first played with the band. The melange of the final product makes it difficult to tell where many of the live excerpts listed in the credits were used. However, significant fragments of "Alligator" (e.g. the post-vocals "jam section") are known to come from the February 14, 1968, show at San Francisco's Carousel Ballroom (the venue that later became the Fillmore West). The "Alligator" vocal reprise is taken from November 10, 1967, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. Similarly, the skeletal framework of "Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)" dates from the Shrine Auditorium on November 10, 1967, and the Carousel Ballroom on March 31, 1968. Excerpts from two shows at Kings Beach Bowl in Lake Tahoe, California, on February 23–24, 1968, that were used — most notably the car horn heard at the end of "Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)" — were later released on Dick's Picks Volume 22. Another show known to be sourced, from March 17, 1968, was released as Download Series Volume 6. Used from that performance were the verse(s) section of "The Faster We Go" portion of "That's It for the Other One", and the first half of the "New Potato Caboose" jam (after the vocals).

Studios used:
 * RCA Victor Studio A, Hollywood, California, September 1967
 * American Recording Company, Studio City, California, October 1967
 * Century Sound Studio, New York, New York, December 1967
 * Olmstead Sound Studios, New York, New York, December 1967
 * Criteria Recording Studios, Miami, Florida, April 1968

Live tracks recorded at (according to liner notes):
 * Shrine Exposition, Los Angeles, California, November 10–11, 1967  (see also 30 Trips Around the Sun & the vinyl-only breakout release)
 * Eureka Municipal Auditorium, Eureka, California, January 20, 1968  (see also Road Trips Volume 2 Number 2)
 * Eagles Auditorium, Seattle, Washington, January 26–27, 1968
 * Crystal Ballroom, Portland, Oregon, February 2–3, 1968  (see also Road Trips Volume 2 Number 2)
 * Carousel Ballroom, San Francisco, California, February 14, March 15–17, March 29–31, 1968 (see also Download Series Volume 6)
 * Kings Beach Bowl, Lake Tahoe, California, February 22–24, 1968  (see also Dick's Picks Volume 22)

The February 14, 1968, recording at Carousel Ballroom has been used to create sound patches for Moog Music's award-winning Animoog app.

Bonus tracks on the 2001/2003 reissue recorded at:
 * Shrine Exposition, Los Angeles, California, August 23, 1968  (see also Two from the Vault)

Composition
In the description of Hal Horowitz of American Songwriter, Anthem of the Sun is an "oblique sound collage" which Garcia said was "mixed... for hallucinations", resulting in a less commercial album than the group's debut record. Similarly, Michael Gallucci of Ultimate Classic Rock writes that the record is notable for the band's "earliest exploration of longer songs on record, as well as the combination of both live and studio recordings that were pieced together in a sort of sound collage that infuriated label bosses and opened the group to more experimental paths. Band biographer Joe S. Harrington also describes it as a sound collage of mixed live and studio performances which "sounded unlike anything else at the time."

Gene Santoro writes that the album took the Grateful Dead into "conceptual-art music, sonic collage, tape manipulations, lapping overdubs, and endless splices, parts inchoate and other parts brilliant as they learned the latest technology, the eight-track recording studio." He also comments that the band's jugband roots occasionally surface, such as with the intro of "Alligator", which features kazoos performed like a horn section. Q writer Johnny Black considers it to be one of numerous 1968 concept albums that applied different approaches to the use of "conceptuality" popularised by the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), deeming it to be a "non-stop sound collage" that weaves the live and studio tracks with "sound effects and disjointed electronic compositions". Horowitz also comments that the album's original concept – to splice live and studio work together – was partly inspired by Sgt. Pepper and was "to push the confines of the album" further.

Rough Guides writer Ken Hunt credits Garcia for the project's direction, "deploying live and studio performances collage-fashion". He also highlighted Constanten's keyboardist work, saying that as the musician studied under the tuition of Stockhausen, Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez and Henri Pousseur, he was "well versed in the piano's alternative voices – as Anthem's prepared piano and gyroscope-on-piano-strings death rattle remind." David Gans of Musician considers Anthem of the Sun to be the best example of Lesh's resurfaced pre-Grateful Dead influences, due to the "passages of musique concrète directly traceable to Berio's electronic music". One contemporary reviewer wrote: "It's continuous, with no bands between tracks. More a movement, even hymn — yes, anthem if you like." Simon Reynolds of The Wire describes both Anthem of the Sun and its follow-up Aoxomoxoa (1969) as containing "weird studio-as-instrument stuff".

Side one of the album comprises a suite to the author Neal Cassady, and features psychedelic lyrics, jazz-style musical motifs and frantic jamming, with sporadic touches of electronic music reminiscent of Edgard Varèse. "That's It for the Other One" is centred around a country-esque melody before a second movement debuts the album's splicing of live and studio work. Edwin Pouncey of The Wire writes that the song's latter part features Constanten's tape montage and prepared piano work, applied with "enthusiastic participation" from Garcia and Lesh. He adds: "Collaged from superimposed performance tapes, his experimental symphony suddenly folds into a bout of musique concrète that falls somewhere between Varèse's Déserts and the respective keyboard deconstructions of John Cage and Conlon Nancarrow." This passage of musique concrète segues into "New Potato Caboose". Side two commences with the "kazoo burlesque of "Alligator" before transitioning to more erratic territory, with guitar-based jamming and an outro of feedback. "Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)", considered the album's most curious song, transitions from a blues riff to "60-cycle hum and microphone feedback".

Release
As much as the entire album can be seen as an "Anthem", it is one of rock music's earliest song cycles, or perhaps concept albums. The front cover art, by Bill Walker, resembles a mandala and incorporates the likenesses of the band members' heads. The back cover features a circular fisheye group shot, photographed by Thomas Weir.

On the original pressing, all of the songs were credited to the band as a whole. Individual writing credits were subsequently published. In order to increase royalty points on the album, the band divided opening track "That's It for the Other One" into four somewhat arbitrary movements. The opening section, the Garcia-sung "Cryptical Envelopment", was dropped from live performances of the suite after 1971 (though it reappeared a few times in 1985). The second section, ostensibly a quodlibet (misspelled as "quadlibet"), is a short jam connecting to the main section, sung by Weir ("Spanish lady comes to me, she lays on me this rose"), with a short reprise of "Cryptical Envelopment". Though labeled as "The Faster We Go, the Rounder We Get", played live, Weir's section became known simply as "The Other One". The final section is a Constanten piece featuring the aforementioned prepared piano and sound effects (this section is missing from the album cover on original pressings).

The "Dark Star" single, released just prior to Anthem of the Sun, is not included on the album, but its B-side, "Born Cross-Eyed", is included in a stereo mix, without the "Feedback" ending.

Early pressings of the album include the phrase "The faster we go, the rounder we get" inscribed on the vinyl in the run-out matrix around the label area. This was the inspiration for Rounder Records' name.

The album was remastered for the 2001 box set The Golden Road. This version includes four bonus tracks (the single version of "Born Cross-Eyed" plus contemporaneous live tracks) and was issued separately in 2003.

The making of Anthem of the Sun, Aoxomoxoa, Workingman's Dead, and American Beauty is described by former members and associates of the Grateful Dead in the 1997 Classic Albums documentary Anthem to Beauty.

Contemporary reviews
Anthem of the Sun received far more attention than the group's debut album, an achievement credited to the group's sabbatical in Mexico and the addition of Hart to the band's rhythm section, who made the group's sound harder. Rolling Stone reviewer Jim Miller commented on the fusion of studio and live work, describing it as a mix of "the carefully crafted" and "the casually tossed off" with the results being spliced together. "The end product," he wrote, "is one of the finest albums to come out of San Francisco, a personal statement of the rock aesthetic on a level with the Jefferson Airplane's After Bathing at Baxter's." He added that while there are some weak moments, with the vocals being a consistent problem, overall the album is "remarkably successful".

A reviewer for Disc and Music Echo wrote that Anthem of the Sun lived up to the hype around the band, calling it "so completely unlike anything you ever heard before that it's practically a new concept in music. It's haunting, it's pretty, it's infinite — and then zap and it's explosive and a complete mind-blower." They added that the group had grown beyond the ordinary blues of their debut album to the "very front rank" of progressive bands, concluding that "Anthem of the Sun is undoubtedly one of the five great albums of 1968." Lou Weinstein of The Lexington Herald wrote that the album has much to offer for fans of psychedelic rock, commenting that the group "have certainly established themselves" and forged their own sound. Victoria Daily Times writer Russell Freethy grouped Anthem of the Sun alongside The Collectors' eponymous album and Jefferson Airplane's Crown of Creation for containing "[t]he best in electronic rock".

Abilene Reporter-News reviewer Lynn Taylor believes that despite the excitement around the group, the appeal wears off quickly as it "takes a special sort of appetite" to play the entire album, adding: "It takes considerable thought to understand what the Dead are trying to say, and mostly it isn't worth the trouble." James Belsey of Bristol's Evening Post panned the record, saying that compared to Jimi Hendrix, the Grateful Dead sound like "amateurs set loose in the world of weird music". Although believing much of the record to be poor, he enjoyed the "one semi-subtle moment of electronic music" during "That's It for the Other One". In his review, Barry Miles of International Times wrote that the group were so submerged in the underground and "community concept" that "individual virtuosity is sacrificed to group sound." He believed that Anthem of the Sun resembled "background music to a revolution. Cool in a detached way, emotionless, dealing in psychic head energy flows," with imprints of the band's performances at the Acid Tests in their sound. He nonetheless said: "The music is from an extreme position, difficult to listen to with sympathy as 'revolution music' is now the thing and psychedelic music is 'out'." It ranked at joint 35th place in The Chicago Tribune's poll of the top 50 albums of 1968.

Retrospective
Writing for New Musical Express in 1974, Nick Kent described "Anthem of the Sun as "a grandiose project unfortunately landed with an atrocious 'mix' that left it hamstrung as more of an intriguing experiment than an innovative success." He added that, in 1968, "if you wanted to believe desperately enough or maybe had the right inner chemical balance, Anthem of the Sun was the album to save the world. Now it amounts at least to the ears of this once-believer, to the sum of its individual parts and no more – like the Airplane's similarly experimental After Bathing at Baxter's, a muddled, but quaintly grandiose, acid curio." Also of the New Musical Express, Richard Cook stated in 1984 that Anthem of the Sun was an iconic album who stature had been eroded by time.

Writing for Record Collector, Luke Haines dismissed whose who hailed the album as a "psych classic" upon release, writing: "With a production as flat as a medievalist's map of the world, Anthem of the Sun lopes along in a muffled, bluegrass phased-out blur, waddling in a gloopy soup in search of a riff." Kris Needs, also of Record Collector, was more favorable, describing Anthem of the Sun as "a mind-frying gumbo mixing live and studio recordings into an epic collage of psychedelic blowouts and stoner philosophy." In the third edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide (1992), Paul Evans wrote of the album's "puzzling experimentalism", while in the 2004 fourth edition, Greg Kot dismissed it as "ambitious but awkward".

In a positive review for Mojo in 2002, Jon Savage described it as the album on which the Grateful Dead's reputation deservedly lies, writing: "Anthem of the Sun is a still dazzling montage of studio and live performances mixed with heavy air into a constantly shifting, multi-layered whole that, with Jimi Hendrix's '1983', represents the ultimate psychedelic production." He also believed its success was due to the "very disparity between its elements." AllMusic reviewer Lindsay Planer wrote that while uninitiated listeners could find the record "unnervingly difficult to follow," it nonetheless "obliterated the pretension of the post-Sgt. Pepper's 'concept album' while reinventing the musical parameters of the 12" LP medium." Planer noted that the band's intention "to create an aural pastiche from numerous sources – often running simultaneously – was a radical concept that allowed consumers worldwide to experience a simulated Dead performance firsthand."

In The Great Rock Discography (2006), Martin C. Strong wrote that the addition of Hart gave the band a "a more subtly complex rather than powerful sound", which – along with Constanten's avant-garde influences – added to the "psychedelic stew" displayed on Anthem of the Sun, saying: "An ambitious collage of live and studio pieces, the album was another flawed attempt to seize the essence of the elusive beast that was the band's live show." However, he praised the "bizarrely experimental sections with wonderful cod-hippy titles" which, he adds, alone make the album worth purchasing. Colin Larkin of The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (1997) considers it "much more satisfying" than the group's debut album, noting that "17 different concerts and four different live studios were used. The non-stop suite of ambitious segments with tantalizing titles [...] was an artistic success." He also praised the evocative artwork. In 2007, keyboardist Andrew Douglas Rothbard said in SF Weekly: "The fact that an anarchistic attempt at musique concrete like the Grateful Dead's Anthem of the Sun was released on a record label like Warner Brothers is astonishing to me."

Accolades
In 2003 and 2012, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 288 on their list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". It was also ranked at number 376 in Larkin's book All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). In 2015, Ultimate Classic Rock included it in their list of "The 100 '60s Rock Albums", highlighting the "mad tinkering" in the part-live part-studio production and saying: "It's the ultimate trip album by a band that knew a thing or two about trips." "That's It for the Other One" was included in Mojo's 1997 list of "Psychedelia: The 100 Greatest Classics"; Savage wrote: "From the time when musicians talked about taping air, this 12-minute sequence mixes the thunder of the Dead in full flight with Phil Lesh’s musique concrete and a gorgeous guitar melody about seven minutes in, which by itself justifies Jerry Garcia’s reputation. A tour de force of editing and cross-fading, it carries the ambience of the moment like nothing else."

Remix and alternate cover
A remixed version of Anthem of the Sun, supervised by Phil Lesh, was issued in 1972 (with the same product number, WS-1749), and can be identified by the letters RE after the master numbers. The remix particularly differs from the original in terms of segues, use of live recordings, and stereo imaging. For example, the original mix starts with vocals and organ panned wide, while the remix has them centered; Bob Weir's studio vocal on the first track is doubled with a live recording on the original mix and solo on the remix. "Born Cross-Eyed" ends with a power chord in the key of E on the remix, whereas the original mix has an earlier fade-out.

Around the same time Jerry Garcia supervised a remix of the Grateful Dead's following album Aoxomoxoa. While the Aoxomoxoa remix was used for original Warner Bros and subsequent Rhino CD issues, the original mix of Anthem of the Sun was chosen for CD reissues.

In 2013 the Grateful Dead studio albums were remastered again for listening in digital high resolution. The 2013 download is the first digital issue of the Anthem of the Sun early '70s remix. Confusingly, the promotion for this reissue emphasized the use of original mixes (particularly those of the Workingman's Dead and American Beauty albums which had been remixed for previous high resolution digital releases). However, Anthem of the Sun and Aoxomoxoa appear in the 2013 HD release not in their original mixes, but in remixed form, as released in 1972.

As remix masters were not sent to the UK, vinyl pressings of the album in this region (and probably other foreign markets) continued to use the original mix after 1972.

When the album was reissued in 1975, Warner Brothers changed the background color on the front cover from midnight blue to white, and the stylized title was changed to a standard font. As the band had not approved the change, the following pressings reverted to blue.

On July 13, 2018 Rhino Records released the "50th Anniversary Deluxe Edition" of Anthem of the Sun, on two CDs. Disc one contains both mixes of the album – the one from 1968 and the one from 1971. Disc two contains previously unreleased live tracks from the Winterland Arena in San Francisco, recorded on October 22, 1967.

Track listing
Notes:
 * Certain track lengths are altered on the 1972 remix of the album:
 * "Born Cross-Eyed" – 2:27
 * "Caution (Do Not Stop on Tracks)" – 8:58

 * Disc one, tracks 6–8 recorded live on August 23, 1968. Also released as the bonus disc of Two from the Vault.

Personnel
Grateful Dead
 * Jerry Garcia – lead guitar, acoustic guitar, kazoo, vibraslap, vocals, co-lead vocals on "That's It for the Other One" and "Born Cross-Eyed"
 * Mickey Hart – drums, orchestra bells, gong, chimes, crotales, prepared piano, finger cymbals
 * Bill Kreutzmann – drums, glockenspiel, gong, chimes, crotales, prepared piano, finger cymbals
 * Phil Lesh – bass guitar, trumpet, harpsichord, kazoo, piano, timpani, vocals
 * Ron "Pigpen" McKernan – Hammond and Vox organs, celesta, claves, vocals, lead vocals on "Alligator" and "Caution"
 * Bob Weir – rhythm guitar, 12-string guitar, acoustic guitar, kazoo, vocals, lead vocals on "New Potato Caboose", co-lead vocals on "That's It for the Other One" and "Born Cross-Eyed"

Additional personnel
 * Tom Constanten – prepared piano, piano, electronic tape

Production
 * Grateful Dead – producers, arrangers
 * David Hassinger – producer
 * Dan Healy – executive engineer
 * Bob Matthews – assistant engineer

Reissue technical personnel
 * James Austin – production
 * Joe Gastwirt – mastering, production consultation
 * Michael Wesley Johnson – associate production, research coordination
 * Cassidy Law – project coordination, Grateful Dead Archive
 * Eileen Law – archival research, Grateful Dead Archives
 * David Lemieux – production
 * Peter McQuaid – executive production, Grateful Dead Productions
 * Jeffrey Norman – additional mixing on bonus tracks

title: Anthem of the Sun


text: User talk:211.28.241.2

title: User talk:211.28.241.2


text:
The Rage: Carrie 2

The Rage: Carrie 2 is a 1999 American supernatural horror film directed by Katt Shea, and starring Emily Bergl, Jason London, Dylan Bruno, J. Smith-Cameron and Amy Irving. The film is a sequel to the 1976 horror film Carrie based on the 1974 novel of the same name by Stephen King, and serves as the second film in the Carrie franchise. The film was originally titled The Curse and did not have connections to the Carrie novel or film, but was eventually rewritten to be a direct sequel to the 1976 film. Its plot follows the younger half-sister of Carrie White (Bergl), also suffering with telekinesis, who finds that her best friend's suicide was spurred by a group of popular male classmates who exploited her for sexual gain.

The Rage: Carrie 2 was released on March 12, 1999, and was a box office bomb, grossing $17 million against a $21 million production budget. It received generally negative reviews, which criticized the routine recycling of the original film's story and themes. However, they widely praised the performance of Bergl, who was nominated for a Saturn Award for her work on the film.

Plot
In 1986, Rachel Lang is placed in foster care when her mother, Barbara, is diagnosed with schizophrenia after mistaking signs of Rachel's telekinesis for demonic possession. In September 1999, Rachel, an outcast, is living with unsympathetic foster parents and attending high school. Her best friend, Lisa Parker, commits suicide by leaping from the roof of the school. Eric Stark, a popular football star, rejected her after exploiting her for sex.

Rachel finds a photograph of Lisa and Eric kissing while developing rolls of Lisa's film. Rachel turns the photo in to police, and explains that Lisa confessed to her that she had recently lost her virginity. Sheriff Kelton and the school's guidance counselor, Sue Snell, pursue statutory rape charges against Eric, who is over eighteen. Eric and his football player peers, including Mark Bing and Chuck Potter, are competing to see who could seduce the most girls.

Late one night while driving home, Jesse Ryan, another player on the football team, is flagged down by Rachel after her Basset Hound, Walter, is hit by a car. Jesse takes an interest in Rachel, to the chagrin of cheerleader Tracy Campbell, who is pursuing him. Meanwhile, having discovered that Rachel implicated them in Lisa's death, Eric and Mark attempt to scare her into silence by harassing her at her home, but her telekinetic powers frighten them away.

Sue begins to suspect Rachel may possess telekinetic powers through their counseling sessions. She tracks down Rachel's institutionalized mother, whose schizophrenia has stabilized. Barbara confesses that Rachel's father was Ralph White, the father of Carrie White. Sue brings Rachel to the ruins of the high school which Carrie destroyed in a telekinetic rage in 1976 after being humiliated at her senior prom. Sue, a peer of Carrie's, was one of the few survivors of the incident. When Sue discloses that Carrie is Rachel's half-sister, Rachel dismisses her as a liar.

The district attorney covers up the statutory rape charges against Eric because the players' families have political influence. Mark sets up a romantic getaway for Rachel and Jesse, which he covertly films. Monica Jones, the girlfriend of Mark's friend Brad Winters, befriends Rachel under false pretenses, inviting her to a party. Rachel leaves with Monica to the party, while Jesse is forced to ride with Tracy after his car's tires are slashed. Tracy stops at her house first and unsuccessfully attempts to seduce him. Meanwhile, Sue sneaks Barbara out of the institution so that she can confess Rachel's father's identity to her.

Mark and Chuck confront Rachel at the party, revealing their sex game and claiming that Rachel was added to Jesse's list of girls he has bedded. They project the footage of her and Jesse having sex for all of the partygoers to see. This triggers Rachel's telekinesis, and she seals the house closed. She causes a large window to explode, killing most of the partygoers, and triggers a fire. Sue and Barbara track Rachel to the party, but a fire-poker impales the front door, killing Sue. As Rachel pursues Monica, Eric, and Mark through the house, they arm themselves. Rachel kills Monica by causing her glasses to implode into her eyes, causing Monica to inadvertently castrate Eric with a harpoon. Mark shoots her with a flare gun and Rachel falls into the swimming pool. When Mark goes to see whether she is dead, Rachel pulls Mark into the pool. Rachel triggers the sensor to the automatic pool cover, and frees herself while Mark drowns.

Barbara accuses Rachel of being possessed, and flees. Jesse and Tracy arrive. Rachel kills Tracy by causing a piece of ceiling to collapse on her. On a balcony, Rachel confronts Jesse about his list, but he denies it. Rachel then notices that the videotape of her and Jesse, still playing in the living room, captured Jesse saying "I love you" while she slept, and realizes Jesse's feelings for her are genuine. An awning collapses on Rachel. With Jesse unable to free her, she uses her telekinesis to throw him over the balcony onto the pool cover as she burns to death.

In 2000, Jesse, now studying at King's University, shares a dormitory with Walter. He has a nightmare of kissing Rachel before she shatters into pieces.

Cast

 * Emily Bergl as Rachel Lang
 * Kayla Campbell as Young Rachel
 * Jason London as Jesse Ryan: a popular jock with whom Rachel falls in love.
 * Dylan Bruno as Mark Bing: a football player who owns the mansion where the football game after-party takes place.
 * J. Smith-Cameron as Barbara Lang: Rachel's biological mother.
 * Amy Irving as Sue Snell: the sole survivor of Carrie's rage in the original film, now a guidance counselor.
 * Zachery Ty Bryan as Eric Stark: a jock who seduces and then humiliates Lisa, resulting in her suicide.
 * John Doe as Boyd: Rachel's foster father
 * Charlotte Ayanna as Tracy Campbell: a popular cheerleader who is interested in Jesse.
 * Rachel Blanchard as Monica Jones: Tracy's best friend.
 * Justin Urich as Brad Winters: football player and Monica's boyfriend.
 * Mena Suvari as Lisa Parker: Rachel's best friend, who commits suicide.
 * Elijah Craig as Chuck Potter: football player.
 * Eddie Kaye Thomas as Arnold: Rachel's friend.
 * Clint Jordan as Sheriff Kelton
 * Kate Skinner as Emilyn: Rachel's foster mother
 * Gordon Clapp as Mr. Stark: Eric's father
 * Steven Ford as Coach Walsh
 * Deborah Meschan as Deborah: One of Monica's friends who takes part in setting Rachel up
 * Katt Shea as Deputy D.A.
 * Robert D.Raiford as The Senior D.A.
 * Rhoda Griffis as Mrs. Porter: A Saleswoman
 * Sissy Spacek as Carrie White via archival flashbacks: Rachel's deceased half-sister, and the protagonist of the original film. Sissy Spacek turned down an offer to cameo in the film but gave permission to have her scenes used in the form of flashbacks.

Development
Originally titled The Curse, the film was not developed as a sequel to the 1976 film adaptation and began as an original story. Production was initially scheduled to start in 1996 with Emily Bergl in the lead role; however, production stalled for two years, and the plot was retooled as a Carrie sequel. The plot involving the high school jocks who use a point system to rate their sexual conquests is inspired from a real-life 1993 sex scandal involving a group known as the Spur Posse. The film went into production in 1998 under the title Carrie 2: Say You're Sorry.

A few weeks into production, director Robert Mandel quit over creative differences and Katt Shea took over the reins with less than a week to prepare to start filming, and two weeks' worth of footage to reshoot. Shea was initially hesitant to take over, but was told everyone would be fired and the film would be shelved if she didn’t. Portions of the film were filmed in a North Carolina house designed by the iconic architect Gene Leedy.

Casting
Amy Irving reprised the role of Sue Snell, which she originated in the first Carrie, though she was initially wary of taking the role and asked Brian De Palma, director of the original film, for his blessing. In a 2024 interview, Irving said De Palma and herself liked the original director [presumably Robert Mandel], factoring into her agreement to perform in it. She said "I'm sorry I ever made that film. ... Except they paid me a shitload of money." Director Shea was told that she would not be able to use footage of Sissy Spacek from the original Carrie, but she edited several scenes into the film and presented the film to Spacek, who granted permission for her likeness to be used.

Box office
The Rage: Carrie 2, was released on March 12, 1999. It opened in second place that weekend but was not successful. It grossed a total of $17,762,705 domestically against a $21 million budget, making the film a box office disappointment.

Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on October 12, 1999, and Laserdisc on November 9. A Blu-ray version of the film was released on April 14, 2015, in a double feature with the 2002 TV version of Carrie from Scream Factory. This edition went out of print in October 2019.

Critical response
The film received mostly negative reviews upon its release. Rotten Tomatoes reported the film had a 23% approval rating based on 39 reviews with the consensus: "As disposable as its predecessor is indispensable, The Rage: Carrie 2 mimics the arc of Stephen King's classic story without adding anything of value." On Metacritic, it had a rating of 42 on a scale from 0–100 based on 21 reviews, indicating mixed or average reviews.

Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, deriding its recycling of the plot of the original Carrie and the contrivances employed to make the same plot happen over again, though he briefly credited Bergl for delivering a good performance considering the weakness of the material. Anita Gates of The New York Times characterized it as "an uninspired updated" and "typical B-movie making. The actors are attractive and do credible jobs, and in the tradition of the original film, there's one really good scare at the end." Both Ebert and Gates commented on the absurdity of the scene at the high school's ruins, which had not been cleared away despite two decades having passed. Dennis Harvey of Variety panned the film, noting that it "uses the original as a blueprint, but leaves out all the wit, sympathy and bravado." He criticized the recycling of ideas and even footage from the original film, and found the characters all lifeless, particularly compared to their counterparts from the original film.

Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a more favorable B-minus rating. He wrote, "The most satisfying change writer Rafael Moreu (Hackers) and director Katt Shea (Poison Ivy) have made is to their heroine. Where the original Carrie White was a sheltered, cringing wallflower, Rachel Lang (whose relationship to Carrie is a mid-film secret I won’t spoil) is a foster-home Goth grrrl: pale, defiant, seething with surface-level cynicism. She’s the antithesis of the glamorous faux nerd played by Rachael Leigh Cook in She's All That, and newcomer Emily Bergl portrays her with a nicely sulky empathy, equal parts hurt and hope." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times championed the film as a "well-directed sequel" that treats the supernatural elements as simply obligatory devices while focusing instead on the deep and realistic social drama. He also praised Bergl as demonstrating "exceptional presence and range".

John Kenneth Muir wrote that the abrupt death of Sue Snell was "certainly powerful in terms of shock effect, but it also makes the rest of the film seem incomplete. All the time we invested in Sue goes exactly nowhere and amounts to nothing."

In retrospective reviews, critics praised the film's depiction of toxic masculinity, with some commenting that the focus on the sexual misconduct committed by the male characters makes the film surprisingly timely, particularly in the wake of the MeToo movement.

Soundtrack
The accompanying soundtrack album was released on March 23, 1999, by Edel Records.

title: The Rage: Carrie 2


text:
Cheer cheese

Cheer (stylised as CHEER), formerly Coon, is the Australian trademark of a cheddar cheese (known as "tasty" in Australia ) produced by the Warrnambool Cheese and Butter company, which is majority-owned by Canadian dairy company Saputo Inc.

The Kraft Walker Cheese Co. (a partnership between Fred Walker and James L. Kraft) launched a cheese known as "Red Coon" around 1931. In October 1949, Kraft Foods Inc. registered the trademark "COON" for cheese with the US Patent Office, claiming use since 1910.

The Australian company marketing the Coon brand originally stated on their website (2012) that the name derived from the American cheesemaker Edward Coon of Philadelphia, who patented a method in the US in 1926 for fast maturation of cheese via high temperature and humidity;

In July 2021 Saputo Inc. was rebranded as "Cheer" cheese.

Background
In 1916, Fred Walker – after having had some success with manufacturing foods – learnt of Chicago businessman James L. Kraft's processing method of halting the maturation of cheese. Walker went to the United States to meet him and acquire the Australian rights to use this method. He began a partnership with Kraft to manufacture this "processed cheese" in 1925, and in May 1926, the Kraft Walker Cheese Co. was registered – the parent company of Kraft Foods Ltd. Kraft Walker then began to make processed "Kraft Cheddar Cheese" at their South Melbourne plant.

Red Coon (1931–1959)
From around July 1931, a cheese was marketed by Kraft Walker Cheese Co. as "Red Coon", which was "not processed in any way, but very finely matured by a secret method, which gives it a distinctive mellow flavor and smooth consistency". The same article refers to "special technical staff, which [were] engaged in the preparation of new products", including Red Coon. The cheese was also advertised as being "2 years old".

Walker had hired Cyril Callister as chief scientist and production superintendent of his factory, and it was he who had formulated Vegemite and the Kraft Walker recipe for processed cheese. Callister also built up a well-staffed laboratory at the factory. According to author, academic and activist Stephen Hagan, Red Coon cheese used a different method to Coon's, as it was pasteurised, which was not part of his patented process.

In November 1934 Kraft Walker leased the factory owned by Warrnambool Cheese and Butter at Allansford, and soon expanded it.

Red Coon was coated with red wax, later replaced with cellophane, and the red stripe in the current logo is a residual reference to the original packaging. It also said that production of Red Coon paused in December 1942 because of World War II, and began again in June 1948 at Allansford and also at Quinalow on the Darling Downs in Queensland. On 7 October 1949, Kraft Foods registered the trademark "COON" with the US Patent Office, claiming use since 1910.

In November 1951, a new Kraft-Walker factory, primarily for the manufacture of processed cheese, was opened in Northgate, Brisbane. The buildings included a cool store for Red Coon cheese, which was being made at Quinalow in Queensland, and described as "mature cheese". It is described as "mature" in many advertisements and articles in the 1950s, although one article explicitly excludes it from the category of Cheddar cheeses.

"Red Coon" cheese was referred to in a discussion about grading cheese in the Queensland Parliament in December 1958.

Coon (1959–2021)
In 1959, Coon "Tasty" cheese started appearing in the press, with an illustrated advertisement showing labels which call the processed product "cheddar" and the Coon variety, sold in 8 oz packages, described as "Kraft natural tasty Coon Cheese, fully matured", with a "robust flavour men really appreciate". A 1961 ad, also in the Australian Women's Weekly, shows a slightly different label, including the information that it is "Manufactured in Melbourne" by Kraft Foods Ltd. The ad says it is "aged to full maturity", and its marketing suggests its appeal to "active men".

21st century
Lion Dairy & Drinks operated the brand for some years, until Warrnambool Cheese and Butter bought back the brand in May 2015. Warrnambool Cheese and Butter is majority-owned by Canadian dairy company Saputo Inc.

On 13 January 2021, Lino A. Saputo, the chair and CEO of Saputo Inc., announced the rebranding of the cheese under the name "Cheer", following years of controversy over its name.

On 9 November 2022, Saputo Australia announced that the company will close its Maffra factory in the Gippsland region of Victoria, and lay off up to 75 workers following issues with milk supply and a A$54.4 million annual losses. The company generated a A$30.6 million net profit in the previous year.

Naming controversy
The former product name, which it shared with a racial slur, was defended by previous manufacturers Kraft Foods and Dairy Farmers despite decades-long campaigns to change it, including through challenges to the Australian Human Rights Commission in 1999 and Advertising Standards Bureau in 2001 by blaktivist Stephen Hagan. In the public debate raised by the campaign to change it, some of those who objected to the change of name claimed that the term was not used as a derogatory term in Australia, rather being an American racist term. However, Hagan and QNews reporter Destiny Rogers have said that the research in their e-book, COON: More Holes than Swiss Cheese, shows the term was used in Australia as a derogatory term for Indigenous Australians as well as other people of colour, and was especially common between the 1870s and 1939 before fading from the language during World War II and coming back into use in the 1970s.

Hagan again challenged the name in 2008, and said that Dairy Farmers had told him that it was named after Edward Coon, "who revolutionised the speeding process of making cheese". According to Hagan, this story had only first been mentioned by the brand owners in the 1980s.

In the wake of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in Australia, on 24 July 2020 Saputo Inc. announced the name would be changed.

On 13 January 2021, Lino A. Saputo, the chair and CEO of Saputo Inc., announced the new name as "Cheer" cheese. He said, "Treating people with respect and without discrimination is one of our basic principles". A number of other Australian companies also rebranded some of their products which have names with racist connotations in 2020, and others face pressure to do so.

, Hagan is claiming legal damages of A$2.1 million for what he calls "21 years of corporations undermining his claims that the cheese brand was not named after...William Edward Coon".

Coon's process
In 1926, American entrepreneur and cheesemaker Edward William Coon of Philadelphia patented a method for fast maturation of cheese via high temperature and humidity, His method explicitly excluded pasteurisation, which kills all bacteria and therefore allows cheese to last for much longer when stored. Coon once operated 14 cheese factories in New York State, before selling the businesses and going to work for the Kraft-Phenix Cheese Company in Philadelphia in 1928. He sold his patent for ripening cheese at the same time. Coon was kept on as manager until his death in 1934.

From around October 1942, Kraft began to market a cheese as "Kraft Coon cheese" in the US, although it was not registered as a trademark until 1949.

title: Cheer cheese


text: User talk:81.19.102.7

title: User talk:81.19.102.7


text: User talk:203.177.194.82

title: User talk:203.177.194.82


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David M. Manshel

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

David M. Manshel

 * Delete. NN looks like a vanity piece A curate's egg 07:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. And ew. That hurts to look at.--DNicholls 07:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for all of the above. 19:34, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --  Etacar11   00:05, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Now that's a wall of text. humblefool® 02:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Looks like a delete to me. No significant Google hits. I get a lot more hits than he does, and I am not a notable person. DanMS 01:36, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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File:Piece Of Cake.jpg

Fair use in Piece of Cake (album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Piece Of Cake.jpg