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1st Earl of Orford

The Earl of Orford is a title that has been created thrice in British history. The first Earl may refer to:

 * Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (1653–1727), Royal Navy officer
 * Robert Walpole (1676–1745), later the Earl of Orford, British statesman
 * Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723–1809), British Whig politician

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1st Earl of Orford


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Talk:Spoon duck

I'm not sure if this is a prank or just a person with poor English skills.

It may refer to an animal known as "The Northern Shoveler", which in French is known as the Spoon Duck.

title: Talk:Spoon duck


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Mockingbird (Marvel Comics)

Barbara "Bobbi" Morse is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Astonishing Tales #6 in 1971 as a supporting character and eventual love interest of Ka-Zar, with a Ph.D in biology. She is soon revealed to be the highly trained Agent 19 of S.H.I.E.L.D., taking the moniker Huntress in Marvel Super Action #1 in 1976, and Mockingbird in Marvel Team-Up #95 in 1980, before going on to be a member of several Avengers teams, briefly marrying and subsequently divorcing Clint Barton / Hawkeye.

Mockingbird has been described as one of Marvel's most notable female heroes.

In media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Bobbi Morse appeared in the second and third seasons of the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2014–2016), portrayed by Adrianne Palicki, while the role of Agent 19 of S.H.I.E.L.D. is adapted to Laura Barton, portrayed by Linda Cardellini in the 2015 film Avengers: Age of Ultron and the Disney+ series Hawkeye (2021).

Publication history
The character first appears as Barbara Morse in the Ka-Zar story in Astonishing Tales #6 (June 1971) written by Gerry Conway and pencilled by Barry Smith. The earliest story to be written and drawn (by Len Wein and Neal Adams) featuring the character was intended to appear in Savage Tales #2 (July 1971), but the series was canceled (a #2 and subsequent series appeared much later) and new homes were found for the stories in the ensuing months. In subsequent publications, creators including Roy Thomas, Len Wein, Neal Adams, Mike Friedrich, Archie Goodwin, George Evans, Steven Grant, and Mark Gruenwald made significant contributions to the development of the character.

After appearing in the 1983 Hawkeye mini-series, Mockingbird became a founding member of the West Coast Avengers, appearing in the group's initial self-titled mini-series, followed by regular appearances in the group's ongoing monthly series, until its end in 1994.

Mockingbird appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010–2013 New Avengers series, from issue #1 (August 2010) through its final issue #34 (January 2013). She also co-starred in the 2010 series Hawkeye & Mockingbird, which ran for 6 issues. Mockingbird became a regular character in the 2013 Secret Avengers series by Nick Spencer and Luke Ross.

In September 2015, Mockingbird starred in the one-shot Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary #1 by writer Chelsea Cain and artist Joëlle Jones. That November, Marvel announced the launch of her first ongoing series by Cain and artist Kate Niemczyk in March 2016. It was canceled after eight issues due to poor sales, despite receiving critical acclaim.

First appearances
The character who later becomes Mockingbird first appears in a short sequence in Astonishing Tales #6 (June 1971) in which a frantic young brunette arrives at the English country estate of Lord Kevin Plunder (who is also known as "Ka-Zar"). Encountering the butler, she exclaims, "Lord Kevin Plunder where is he? I must speak with him! 'tis a matter—of the fate of worlds!" In a brief second appearance in the same issue, the character claims that "Lord Kevin Plunder and I have never met—and yet I feel that I know him...You see, I can—can 'feel' people in my mind! And I know that unless I speak with him—Lord Kevin will die!" Subsequent creators continued to develop the character, and no later story makes reference to any psychic abilities.

After this story, Roy Thomas took over writing the Ka-Zar strip and in his first story the as-yet-unnamed character makes another brief appearance. The butler at Ka-Zar's estate informs her that his employer is currently in the Savage Land. The girl then vows to "walk the Savage Land" for "[Ka-Zar's] sake and the sake of the world".

In Astonishing Tales #8 (Oct. 1971), Thomas is joined by co-writer Gary Friedrich and the character begins to develop—her hair color changes to blonde without explanation and her name is given as "Barbara". In this issue, Ka-Zar comes upon the site of a plane crash in the Savage Land and encounters a survivor. This man explains that he and his fiancée Barbara flew to the Savage Land seeking Ka-Zar. He mentions that Barbara learned of Ka-Zar's whereabouts from the butler at the Plunder Estate, clearly indicating that Barbara is meant to be the same character as the brunette from the previous two issues. Barbara is shown later in the story; having parachuted from the plane before the crash, she is rescued by a group of World War II veterans who have been trapped in the Savage Land for decades.

Gerry Conway briefly returned to co-write (with Roy Thomas) Barbara's next appearance where she finally meets Ka-Zar and is reunited with her fiancé (whose name is revealed as "Paul"). In the following issue (written by Thomas alone), Ka-Zar leads the two characters through the dangerous Savage Land.

Astonishing Tales #12 (June 1972) is a key early appearance for the character, due in part to Marvel's decision to feature Man-Thing in this issue. At this point, Man-Thing had made only one previous appearance, in the 1971 black-and-white magazine Savage Tales #1. A follow-up seven-page Man-Thing story by writer Len Wein and artist Neal Adams was commissioned for a version of Savage Tales #2 that was ultimately never published. Finally seeing print in Astonishing Tales #12, the sequence is presented as a flashback and an interlude between the main action of the book.

One of the characters in the Wein/Adams story is a blonde female scientist called "Dr. Barbara Morse". Morse is working on a research project in the Florida Everglades called Project: Gladiator, which is an attempt to replicate the Super-Soldier serum which was used to create Captain America. This is the same research which Ted Sallis had previously been working on when a flawed serum transformed him into the Man-Thing. In the story, Morse is abducted by AIM thugs and is later liberated through the intervention of the Man-Thing.

Framing the flashback is a sequence of newer material by writer Roy Thomas and artist John Buscema in which Barbara (now revealed to be "Dr. Barbara Morse" and thus the character from the Wein/Adams Man-Thing story) and Paul (now "Dr. Paul Allen") accompany Ka-Zar back to the United States and explain that they sought him out so that he could help them deal with the problems surrounding the appearance of the Man-Thing in Florida.

In the next issue, the storyline is wrapped up and Paul reveals he is a double agent working for A.I.M. It is also revealed for the first time that Barbara has connections with S.H.I.E.L.D.; the spy agency asked her to pretend to love Allen to "learn what [she] could" about his activities with AIM. At the story's end Paul dies at the hands of the Man-Thing and Barbara expresses the hope that she can "go back to just being a scientist again".

Bobbi Morse, Agent 19 of S.H.I.E.L.D.
Mike Friedrich took over from Roy Thomas to become writer of Astonishing Tales with #15 (Dec. 1972). He introduces a new status-quo in which Ka-Zar is living in New York and "lady biologist" and S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Barbara (who now prefers to be called "Bobbi") Morse is his constant companion.

Friedrich remained the writer of the various color Ka-Zar series for the next two years and for most of that period he continued to feature Morse as Ka-Zar's sidekick and occasional love interest. In these stories she is depicted as a fully trained S.H.I.E.L.D. agent. Contemptuous of his jungle origins, she is Ka-Zar's escort to the city and modern life. Together she and Ka-Zar tackle threats such as the Pusher, Gemini, Victorius, Gog, and the Plunderer. As the series progresses, she begins to wear a regular costume of tinted-glasses, a red one-piece, and boots. Her S.H.I.E.L.D. designation of "Agent 19" is revealed and she and Ka-Zar finally kiss.

In 1974, the color Ka-Zar series left Astonishing Tales and was relaunched in the Ka-Zar, Lord of the Hidden Jungle title. The strip is set once again in the Savage Land and Morse is absent for the first story. She returns in the third issue—explaining that Nick Fury had sent her on a S.H.I.E.L.D. assignment to look into "El Tigre", a subversive who is exploiting the energy crisis in South America. This leads her to reluctantly travel back to the Savage Land, where she and Ka-Zar defeat El Tigre and his ally Man-God together.

The introduction of Shanna the She-Devil into Ka-Zar's supporting cast changes Morse's role in the stories of this period. Ka-Zar expresses clear attraction to the more jungle-friendly Shanna from the outset and Morse is cast as the secondary love interest. This dynamic is most notable in Morse's lone appearance in the Ka-Zar strip in the black-and-white magazine Savage Tales (#8; Jan. 1975). Written by Gerry Conway, the story depicts Morse leading Shanna and a group of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents into the Savage Land where they work with Ka-Zar to neutralise a threat to world security. During the course of the adventure, Morse realises that Ka-Zar's affections lie with Shanna. This story, first published in late-1974, is the last in which Morse appears as a Ka-Zar supporting character.

Huntress to Mockingbird
A year later, Mike Friedrich returned to the character in a 20-page story with art by George Evans. Published in the one-shot black-and-white magazine Marvel Super Action #1 (Jan. 1976), the story is the first in which Morse appears as a costumed super heroine and lead protagonist. While operating as a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, she is recruited by a United States Senator to look into corruption in a Latin American branch of the espionage organization. To complete her mission, she "drops out" of S.H.I.E.L.D. and takes on the superhero identity of the "Huntress".

In a text piece in Marvel Super Action #1, editor Archie Goodwin explained how Morse came to be used for this story

"I suggested the title ['Huntress'] and the notion of using S.H.I.E.L.D. to writer Mike Friedrich. He decided to draw upon a character he'd helped develop while scripting the color Ka-Zar comic, and wound up revamping her totally. With a bit of kibitzing from Mike and myself, artist George Evans designed the lady's costume and we were in business."

Marvel Super Action was designed as a bi-monthly publication, but the economic recession of the mid-1970s forced Marvel to scale back their plans and the magazine was published as a one-off. This meant that the plot of Huntress, intended as a two-parter, had to be condensed before publication and no follow-up stories by the same creators were ever produced.

Morse's next published appearance was Marvel Team-Up #95 (July, 1980) in which she dons a new costume and finally takes on the alias "Mockingbird". This story explains that she has continued to look into corruption in S.H.I.E.L.D. and in doing so has come to be hunted by the organization which mistakes her for a criminal. Teaming up with Spider-Man (and with assistance from S.H.I.E.L.D. director Nick Fury), Mockingbird confronts Carl Delanden, a corrupt S.H.I.E.L.D. branch director. In the ensuing battle, she is shot by S.H.I.E.L.D. agents who were ordered to subdue her at any cost. The story ends with an unconscious, badly injured but exonerated Mockingbird left in the care of Nick Fury.

In the letters column of that issue, the series' then assistant editor Mark Gruenwald explained the creative origins of this new iteration of Bobbi Morse:

"'Where did this Mockingbird come from?' some of you may be asking. After all it isn't every day that a new super heroine is premiered in Marvel Team-Up. Well the story behind her creation is this: when I had been writing the Spider-Woman book one of my chief objectives was to build up a rogue's gallery that S-W could call her own. One of several characters I conceived and designed was Mockingbird. Showing the sketch to Steven Grant, writer about town, he helped me work out her powers and weaponry. Well I never got round to doing a Mockingbird story before I left Spider-Woman, so I put the idea on the back burner.

Time passed, and Steven was searching for something new and different to do in Team-Up. He was toying with the idea some of us have had to revamp the Bobbi Morse character (of Ka-Zar and Super-Action fame). Somehow we got the notion to amalgamate the two concepts and make Bobbi Morse the Mockingbird (Anyone venture a guess why we abandoned the 'Huntress' moniker?) All that was necessary was to change her hair and skin color since the original M.B. was going to be black. So that's the story behind the story."

The reference to the "why we abandoned the "'Huntress' moniker" is a nod to the fact that Marvel's rival DC Comics had debuted a character with the same name in the interim between Marvel Super Action #1 and Marvel Team-Up #95. DC's "Huntress, the superhero daughter of the Batman and Catwoman of Earth-Two, debuted in  All Star Comics #69 and DC Super-Stars #17 (both Dec. 1977).

Mockingbird and Hawkeye
The character next appeared in Gruenwald's 1983 four-issue Hawkeye miniseries. Fully recovered from her injuries, Mockingbird investigates corruption at Cross Technological Enterprises, where Clint Barton/Hawkeye works as security chief. Though the two initially come into conflict with each other, they end up co-operating to fight the villain Crossfire and by the series end they are shown to be seriously romantically involved, having eloped together to the Pocono Mountains and apparently married.

The miniseries reveals how Morse became involved with S.H.I.E.L.D. recounting how she left her biology studies at Georgia Tech to follow her "favorite prof" Wilma Calvin on the government's Project: Gladiator. The research project was partly sponsored by S.H.I.E.L.D. which led Morse to enroll in their spy school and graduate at the top of her class. It is also revealed that she spent six months convalescing in a private hospital after the injuries she suffered in Marvel Team-Up #95.

Gruenwald was editor of the Avengers title in late 1983 when writer Roger Stern began to feature Hawkeye and Mockingbird as members of the series' supporting cast. In a short period Mockingbird moves back into Avengers Mansion with Barton as he returns to active duty, she is formally introduced to the team as his wife, the Vision then proposes that Hawkeye and Mockingbird establish a second Avengers team on the West Coast of the United States, and the two move out to Los Angeles.

West Coast Avengers
This leads into the 1984 four-issue West Coast Avengers limited series, also written by Stern and edited by Gruenwald. In this series, Mockingbird becomes a full-fledged Avenger as she assists her husband in setting up a new branch of the organization.

West Coast Avengers became a regular series in 1985 and Steve Englehart, the series writer for its first 42 issues, featured Mockingbird heavily as one of the main cast members of the book. A year into the series, Mockingbird begins to wear a modified version of her original costume, designed by series artist Al Milgrom.

Over the latter course of his run, Englehart developed a storyline in which the relationship between Hawkeye and Mockingbird is put under serious strain. When the West Coast Avengers are transported to the Old West of 1876, the Phantom Rider (Lincoln Slade) abducts, drugs, and brainwashes Mockingbird into forgetting her original life and convinces her she is in love with Slade (and by implication, raping her). After breaking free of his control, Mockingbird seeks revenge on the Rider, and is shown allowing him to plunge to his death off of a cliff.

Hawkeye learns Mockingbird let the Phantom Rider die and harshly disapproves of her actions which leads Mockingbird to leave both Hawkeye and the Avengers. For a time, she and ex-Avengers Tigra and Moon Knight operate as a small fighting unit and have various adventures including a battle with the High Evolutionary and an encounter with the modern-day Phantom Rider who is possessed by his 19th century ancestor. In one story, Mockingbird's arrest of the Digger causes a rift between the West Coast Avengers and the Night Shift. Mockingbird later reconciles with the no-longer-possessed Phantom Rider.

John Byrne became writer and artist of West Coast Avengers in 1989 and in his first story Mockingbird returns and admits to inadvertently betraying the team. She later explains that she was duped by a group who claimed to be connected to S.H.I.E.L.D. into revealing security information about their headquarters for a "contingency" plan to neutralise the Vision in the event he should try to take over the world once again. In fact, the plan is put into operation immediately and, when Mockingbird realizes this, she rushes to the West Coast Avenger's headquarters only to arrive too late, the group having already abducted and dismantled the android. The group is revealed to be a consortium of international security services and though the Vision is eventually restored his memory and personality are erased.

Later, Mockingbird tracks down Clint Barton (Hawkeye) and makes an attempt at reconciliation, admitting she still loves him. During their discussion, Barton reveals they had previously decided to divorce. Hawkeye and Mockingbird then travel to Milwaukee to look into the appearance of a group calling themselves the "Great Lakes Avengers". Upon investigation, the couple decides to stay in Milwaukee to train the amateur superhero group and work on their relationship.

Mockingbird's next regular appearances are as a supporting character in the Hawkeye strip in Avengers Spotlight, in a storyline written by Steve Gerber in which she aids her husband as he takes on the Los Angeles Asian crime lord Lotus.

Avengers West Coast
Roy Thomas returned to writing the character when he and his wife Dann Thomas became co-writers of the rechristened Avengers West Coast title in 1990. Mockingbird first makes a brief reappearance in the title when she attends an Avengers West Coast team meeting and stands for election to return to the team, being voted in as an "alternate member" (effectively a reserve member). Hawkeye (who is already a full member, having returned to the series a year earlier) admits he did not vote for her and describes her as his "estranged wife". Mockingbird then returns to Detroit.

In a later storyline, Morse contacts Barton and states that she is returning to Los Angeles from Detroit to discuss matters with him. She is then reunited with her husband while he is in the field as Hawkeye, joining him and the Avengers West Coast on a mission after which Mockingbird begins to once again make regular appearances as a cast member of the book. Mockingbird later reveals to Hawkeye that their divorce is almost final and Ultron abducts her and uses her thought patterns and personality to create his second robotic 'wife' Alkhema, the two rekindling their romance after she is liberated.

The intended interpretation of some of these events is changed by a story that is published 17 years later. New Avengers: The Reunion #2 (May 2009) asserts that just prior to her abduction by Ultron, Mockingbird was replaced by the Skrull impersonator H'rpra, and thus the "Mockingbird" who appears between Avengers West Coast vol. 1, #89/90 (Dec. 1992/Jan. 1993) and Secret Invasion #8 (Jan. 2009) should no longer be considered the genuine article.

The reconciliation between Hawkeye and Mockingbird is short-lived as in late 1993 Thomas has the character sacrifice her life to save her husband from Mephisto in the centennial issue of Avengers West Coast.

The Avengers West Coast title was canceled two issues later. The storyline depicted how the team, reeling from the events surrounding Mockingbird's death, is ultimately forced to disband.

Post-death
In 1998, writer Kurt Busiek briefly revived the character in the Avengers volume 3 series where she appears as a reanimated corpse, a member of the Legion of the Unliving, part of the Grim Reaper's plot to destroy the Avengers.

In 1999's Thunderbolts Annual 2000, writers Busiek and Fabian Nicieza have Mockingbird send a message from the afterlife that results in the resurrection of Hellcat. Her reasons for being in Hell are unclear, though she denies it is due to her previous refusal to save the Phantom Rider, hinting that her presence in Hell is serving some purpose. In the subsequent Hellcat limited series by writer Steve Englehart, Mockingbird is depicted fighting endless battles in Hell.

The character next appears in the tongue-in-cheek 2006 X-Statix Presents: Dead Girl miniseries by writer Peter Milligan. In this series she is depicted as residing in Heaven, where she is an active member of a book club that also includes Dead Girl, Gwen Stacy and Moira MacTaggert. She is recruited by Doctor Strange and Dead Girl to help defeat Mr. Pitiful and his group of resurrected supervillains. She returns to Heaven at the series conclusion and no reference is made to her previous appearances in Hell.

Return
In a 2009 interview Marvel editor and writer Jim McCann revealed how the decision to resurrect Mockingbird was made creatively: "About a year-and-a-half ago, we were planning the ending for 'Secret Invasion' and with one character we wanted to get back something that the Skrulls would have taken away. There were a couple of characters on the list for that, but Mockingbird was the one I fought for the most, and as [Secret Invasion series writer] Brian [Bendis] has pointed out, I said that they were like the Mr. & Mrs. Smith of the Marvel Universe. He was like, 'That sounds great. We can use that'."

Bendis first teases at Mockingbird's return when, at the beginning of "Secret Invasion", a spaceship crash-lands in the Savage Land and a large group of superheroes emerges from the wreckage, among whom is a character who looks exactly like Mockingbird. All the members of this group present themselves as the genuine article—they claim that at some point in the past they were each abducted and replaced by Skrull imposters, the Skrulls being a race of alien shape-shifters. Clint Barton, who is present at the scene (and at this point goes by the code name "Ronin") believes this "Mockingbird"'s claims to be his wife because she is able to tell him the significance of the date "October 12" to their relationship. The date would have been the birthday of the couple's (previously unmentioned) miscarried child, which—it is explained—was conceived at some point during their joint career as Avengers. Barton initially defends this "Mockingbird" from the suspicions of other superheroes, but when she is revealed to be a Skrull imposter he kills her in a fit of rage.

Later in the series Iron Man finds a Skrull ship in orbit which genuinely contains various individuals who had been abducted and replaced by the Skrulls. The real Mockingbird is revealed to be among them and she tearfully reunites with Barton.

In a subsequent issue of Avengers: The Initiative writers Christos Gage and Dan Slott include Mockingbird among a group of Skrull abductees who attend a support meeting about their experience.

Back in action
After the character's return in the 2008 "Secret Invasion" storyline, Bendis began to use Mockingbird regularly in the New Avengers title. She joins the team (in which her husband, still using the code-name "Ronin", is also a member), and with them she fights the Hood's gang of super-villains, learns Spider-Man's true identity, and battles Dormammu.

Mockingbird gains a new costume in 2009's New Avengers: The Reunion miniseries, which was pencilled by David Lopez and Jo Chen and written by the editor and writer who had previously advocated for Morse's return: Jim McCann. The plot of the series involves Mockingbird and Clint Barton/Ronin teaming-up to take on A.I.M. Scientist Supreme Monica Rappaccini. During the story Morse reveals that she and a group of fellow former S.H.I.E.L.D. agents who were also Skrull abductees have formed a new espionage organization—the "World Counter-terrorism Agency" or "W.C.A." (the abbreviation being a nod to Barton and Morse's former "West Coast Avengers" team).

This series also reveals that Mockingbird was replaced by a Skrull just prior to her abduction by Ultron. This is a plot-point in the series as it establishes that prior to her abduction Barton and Morse were in the process of being divorced and so she is technically no longer married to him. By the story's conclusion they rekindle their relationship, though they decide to remain unmarried.

In one subsequent New Avengers storyline Mockingbird is the only member left standing when a device invented by Jonas Harrow inhibits the rest of her teammates superpowers. Morse is forced to fight the entire Wrecking Crew alone in Times Square and is eventually defeated by them. However she later returns to the scene with an Avengers Quinjet to rescue her colleagues.

Another plotline involves Clint Barton/Ronin vowing to kill Norman Osborn. Morse and the other New Avengers object to the idea so Barton attempts the assassination alone and in secret. He ultimately fails and is captured by the Dark Avengers, leading Mockingbird to mount a rescue mission with other Avengers and liberate Barton.

In March 2010 Marvel announced that a new Hawkeye & Mockingbird ongoing series would be launched in June 2010, produced by the New Avengers: The Reunion creative team of writer Jim McCann and artist David Lopez. Promotional interviews revealed that the premise of the series involved Morse and Clint Barton (once again under the code-name "Hawkeye") working together as agents of the World Counter-terrorism Agency. They are both also still members of the New Avengers,  although Barton soon leaves the team because he prefers to work on the main Avengers team, saying that he was only with the New Avengers to spend time with his wife.

During a raid on a warehouse that is revealed to be the location of H.A.M.M.E.R.'s attempt to reorganize after the defeat of Norman Osborn, Bobbi is mortally injured in a shooting despite Spider-Man's attempts to save her, forcing her teammates to evacuate her to the hospital. While Mockingbird lies in hospital in critical condition, Nick Fury contacts the team and gives her a top secret serum that was created by the Germans in 1959 and has recently been rediscovered by the H.A.M.M.E.R. agents; a combination of the Super Soldier Serum that turned Steve Rogers into Captain America, and the Infinity Formula that slowed Fury's aging. The Formula saves her life, but Nick warns the New Avengers that he cannot predict the consequences of turning Mockingbird into a combination of himself and Rogers.

After being injected with the Formula during the "Fear Itself" storyline, Mockingbird makes a quick and complete recovery from her injury, and exhibits powers similar to Steve Rogers. She is quite relieved and happy to be alive, and fights the Serpent's forces in New York with vigor. After she witnesses Avengers Tower fall, her feelings of happiness are sobered, and she vows to defeat Sin.

Hawkeye and Mockingbird remain divorced, going their separate paths.

Marvel NOW!
As part of the 2012 Marvel NOW! branding, Mockingbird appears as part of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s new Secret Avengers roster, making her debut appearance while helping Nick Fury, Jr. capture Taskmaster. During that mission, she uses S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Camo-Tech to disguise herself as Aloysius Thorndrake of the Shadow Council. Mockingbird goes to A.I.M. Island to assist Taskmaster in helping make contact between the rogue Iron Patriot drones and James Rhodes.

All-New, All-Different Marvel
As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel branding, Mockingbird helps Spider-Man when they pursue Zodiac's Leo Sect down the highways of Shanghai, China as they give a status report to Nick Fury, Jr. When they catch the lead Leo Sect member, Mockingbird accuses him of adhering to his "no-one dies around me" idealism after using an antidote to counter the lead Leo Sect member's suicide pill. Spider-Man tells her he's not so naive anymore and simply wants to save everyone he can.

After recovering the Webware from Pisces, Aquarius, and Cancer, Spider-Man gives the status of the mission to Mockingbird and Nick Fury Jr. Mockingbird tells Spider-Man that Leo is still being interrogated and has not snitched yet. During their collaboration she had a brief relationship with Spider-Man.

During "Civil War II," Mockingbird is invited to a cosplay cruise with the promise of secret documents to prove Hawkeye's innocence. It turns out to be a ruse by the Phantom Rider to win back her love. She is able to remove him from his corporeal form, but both fall into the water as the cruise rounds the Bermuda Triangle. Bobbi is rescued by Lance Hunter, but the Phantom is destroyed by the waters.

During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Mockingbird appears as a member of the Underground following Hydra's takeover of the United States. It is later revealed that she is Maria Hill's inside person in the main Underground.

During the "Iron Man 2020" event, Mockingbird appears as a member of Force Works. Their mission takes them to the island of Lingares where they deal with some Deathloks and Ultimo.

During the "Empyre" storyline, Quicksilver, Mockingbird, and Wonder Man deal with the Kree and the Skrull's fight with the Cotati near Navojoa. When Quicksilver is hit by special spheres fired by the Cotati magicians, Mockingbird and Wonder Man come to his aid and help the Kree and the Skrull turn the tide against the Cotati.

Powers, abilities, and equipment
Bobbi Morse is a trained S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who graduated at the top of her class and as such she is very proficient in several forms of hand-to-hand combat, including Kung Fu and Taekwondo and familiar with a wide range of weapons. The character usually uses a pair of batons which can be combined to form a single bō-staff in combat, weapons with which she has great expertise. Morse also used a pair of night vision and vision enhancing goggles, similarly to her once-husband Hawkeye. She also possesses a Ph.D. in biology. During one comic book series, Spider-Man provided her with a new uniform courtesy of Parker Industries for being their S.H.I.E.L.D. liaison. This costume came attached with wing-like extensions allowing Morse to glide on wind currents.

To cope with a mortal injury she sustained in a mission, Mockingbird was injected with an experimental serum combining the Super Soldier Serum that gave Captain America his strength and the Infinity Formula that has slowed Nick Fury's aging. The obvious consequence of this was that her injuries were healed, but Fury admitted his uncertainty about the formula's long-term consequences on her biology. Thus far, she has exhibited greatly enhanced physical strength, healing and agility.

Critical reception
Matthew Erao of Screen Rant referred to Mockingbird as one of the "most powerful agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.," writing, "There have been a lot of formidable Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. in the organization's long comic history. While many know Bobbi Morse as the superhero Mockingbird or S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent 19, she’s also Dr. Barbara Morse, a genius in biology. Her Ph.D. in the field led to her working on Project: Gladiator in the Everglades, the same Super Soldier program that led to Ted Sallis becoming Man-Thing. Aside from her expert knowledge, she’s also one of the most skilled S.H.I.E.L.D. agents there is. Introduced in Astonishing Tales #6 in 1971, Bobbi was almost a throwaway character before being crafted over the course of several comics into the genius badass we all know and love." David Harth of CBR.com called Mockingbird one of the "greatest avengers," asserting, "The Avengers boast a vast array of mighty heroes. The greatest among them rely on their inner strength, standing courageous in the face of danger. Mockingbird made a name for herself at S.H.I.E.L.D. Injected with a variant on the super soldier serum, Agent Bobbi Morse became Mockingbird and joined up with the Avengers, eventually marrying Hawkeye and helping found the West Coast Avengers. She was the heart and soul of the team, never shying away from the frontline. Mockingbird had some enhancements, including rapid healing, but she was only human. That never stopped her from throwing herself into battles that would've killed her a thousand times over. She survived every obstacle, including years in a Skrull prison, her courage getting her through it all."

Accolades

 * In 2012, IGN ranked Mockingbird 48th in their "Top 50 Avengers" list.
 * In 2013, Tor.com included Mockingbird in their "Ten Characters We’d Like To See on Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." list.
 * In 2015, Gizmodo ranked mocking 27th in their "Every Member Of The Avengers" list.
 * In 2017, Screen Rant ranked Mockingbird 10th in their "Marvel: 17 Most Powerful Agents Of SHIELD" list.
 * In 2018, CBR.com ranked Mockingbird 19th in their "Marvel's Most Powerful Super Soldiers" list.
 * In 2019, CBR.com ranked Mockingbird 6th in their "10 Best S.H.I.E.L.D. Agents Of All Time" list.
 * In 2020, Scary Mommy included Mockingbird in their "These 195+ Marvel Female Characters Are Truly Heroic" list.
 * In 2021, CBR.com ranked Mockingbird 6th in their "Marvel: 10 Best Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D." list.
 * In 2021, CBR.com ranked Mockingbird 7th in their "Marvel: 10 Smartest Female Characters" list.
 * In 2021, Screen Rant included Mockingbird's relationship with Hawkeye in their "10 Best Relationships in Avengers Comics" list.
 * In 2022, CBR.com ranked Mockingbird 9th in their "10 Greatest Avengers, Ranked By Courage" list.

Hawkeye & Mockingbird - 2010
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Hawkeye & Mockingbird #1 was the 73rd best selling comic book in June 2010.

James Hunt of CBR.com compared Hawkeye & Mockingbird #1 to Mr. And Mrs. Smith, saying, "New Avengers: The Reunion, which this series spins out of, was one of the highlights of last year, with smart, action-packed writing from Jim McCann casting Hawkeye and Mockingbird as pair as superhero spies/spouses reminiscent of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie in Mr. And Mrs. Smith. And to my delight, the opening scene of this issue kicks off in exactly that vein. Too often, miniseries granted a full return miss what made the original great, but McCann has nailed it here, quickly reintroducing the setup and setting about expanding the world of the two heroes. [...] For his part, David Lopez' art is fantastic: bright, clear storytelling, fluid and natural-looking figure work, and a brilliant aptitude for the sort of action sequence McCann is writing. The world is detailed and realistic, while Clint and Bobbi are both confident and sexy without being gratuitously drawn. For its part in the Big Avengers reshuffle, everything about the issue screams "Heroic Age". It feels like a new beginning, and it keeps up the high standard already set by "Avengers" and "Secret Avengers". The characters might not be the obvious choice of series lead, but McCann has written a book that seems original without being unfamiliar, and feel traditional while retaining a modern edge. Literally the only thing that upsets me about Hawkeye and Mockingbird is the feeling that it's far from being a sure thing. In many ways, this series has the potential to be the next "SWORD", the next "Captain Britain", the next "Power Girl"—a smart, funny, fresh take on superheroics that winds up ending before its time. This series deserves a long and entertaining run. Let's get the word out." Bryan Joel of IGN gave Hawkeye & Mockingbird #1 a grade of 7.7 out of 10, stating, "It's also interesting that Hawkeye gets first billing in the title, as even though he's the focal point for the issue and provides the narration, for all intents and purposes this is Mockingbird's book. For one, Clint already has regular billing in Avengers; as of this moment, this is the only place readers can catch Mockingbird's adventures. But more importantly, she's a more interesting character since her return. McCann writes Bobbi with an hardened edge and as a bit of an action junkie. She's only ever shown happy when she's throwing baddies from moving vehicles or watching them get impaled with Hawkeye's arrows. We're clearly dealing with a character who's not quite as balanced as she used to be, and a dredging-up of her sexual assault history with the Phantom Rider only serves to reinforce that. Finally, there's also a touch of irony to the title of Hawkeye & Mockingbird. While they've reconciled for the most part, the pair couldn't be on more different paths. Much of the issue is spent with Bobbi purposely ignoring Clint, or the couple furthering agendas that they're keeping hidden from each other. Readers coming into this series expecting hearts and flowers alongside their arrows and battle staves may be disappointed, but ultimately it makes for better reading. There's some definite friction between the two leads, friction which should develop into interesting stories as it moves forward. Is Hawkeye & Mockingbird #1 a groundbreaking work? No, but it fits well within "The Heroic Age" initiative, providing some old-fashioned superheroics and enough interpersonal drama to keep it engaging along the way. McCann lays the groundwork for what could turn out to be a very rewarding examination of two heroes struggling to make it work in the midst of the Marvel Universe's craziness."

Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary - 2015
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary #1 was the 80th best selling comic book in September 2015.

Doug Zawisza of CBR.com called Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary #1 a "gorgeous book that maintains a high standard from start to finish," asserting, "Jones' art is boldly colored by Rosenberg, who keeps the characters in realistic tones and shades but unleashes all sorts of crazy colors and patterns for the backgrounds. Caramagna adds in snappy sound effects (most notably in the morgue), using a different but clean font. He also balances the dialogue and captions throughout the story, keeping Jones' art clean. The story itself is constructed on a plot that exists solely to explain Bobbi Morse to newer readers. Cain does a great job of personalizing Mockingbird, but the story in this issue feels like a tryout. There's just enough here to sample but not quite enough to satisfy. I like what Cain does with the characters and the pacing is smart, but now I'd like to see a story with a slightly bigger scope, as Cain certainly makes Mockingbird worth reading. [...] "Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary" #1 is a decent read with a fun, fast-paced Mockingbird story and an intriguing but thin introduction to Red Widow. Both characters clearly have paths taking them elsewhere from this shared publication, but fans of Mockingbird will be pleased with this purchase. Where those paths wind up remains to be completely revealed, but—if the creative team in place for Bobbi Morse's tale joins her in the future—then I'll be checking in as well." Levi Hunt of IGN gave Mockingbird: S.H.I.E.L.D. 50th Anniversary #1 a grade of 9.3 out of 10, writing, "It’s easy to compare this Mockingbird issue to the recent Matt Fraction Hawkeye series (she even mentions the ex herself on the very first page) and while it’s true that this issue does share some stylistic similarities with that series, what sets Mockingbird apart is her confidence. The real-to-life situations, the reflexive humor, and the super spy fun are all present; but what makes Bobbi such an interesting and unique character here is her assuredness and swagger. It’s so fun to watch people who are great at what they do, doing that. That credit goes not only to first-time comic book writer (and bestselling thriller author) Chelsea Cain, but also to Joelle Jones who reflects Bobbi’s confidence perfectly in his clean, assured, and sprightly line work. Now, Marvel, please make this an ongoing series, because this was outstanding."

Mockingbird - 2016
According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Mockingbird #1 was the 39th best selling comic book in March 2016. Mockingbird #1 was the 621st best selling comic book in 2016. In October 2016, the Mockingbird series topped Amazon's Best Sellers in Superhero Comics & Graphic Novels.

Greg McElhatton of CBR.com called Mockingbird #1 an "utter blast," asserting, "Niemczyk's art is a winner. If I had to compare her to another artist, it would be Frank Cho by virtue of her strong but graceful ink lines and the beautiful, smooth features she gives her characters. Niemczyk's art is more naturally proportioned, though, and includes a wider variety of body types. Niemczyk understands the humor in Cain's script and brings it to life here; she's able to bring Bobbi's montage of stress and interruptions to life in a way that shows Mockingbird as capable while also making the situations funny. Who knew that Iron Man being held by the neck and getting yelled at about quinoa was something we've been missing all these years? There are so many great little touches going on here too, from the hideous wallpaper in each room of the medical center to the carefully constructed shirts and outfits. Even moments like Mockingbird drumming her fingers while having ESP cards shoved in her face again is great, in part because Niemczyk makes it all look natural. Add in some bold and vivid (but never oversaturated) colors from Rosenberg, and this comic just looks gorgeous. I hope the remaining issues are just as much fun, but -- no matter what happens from this point on -- "Mockingbird" #1 is a dynamite debut from Cain, Niemczyk and Rosenberg. Two big, big thumbs up." Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave Mockingbird #1 a grade of 8.6 out of 10, writing, "Marvel's decision to release Mockingbird #1 one week after Mark Waid and Chris Samnee's new Black Widow series kicked off seemed dubious. How is one book about a butt-kicking femme fatale and agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. supposed to thrive in the shadow of another book about a butt-kicking femme fatale and agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.? But as it turns out, the two books could hardly be more different in tone and execution. Mockingbird mixes equal parts Spider-Woman and Howard the Duck for a very entertaining look at the life and times of Bobbi Morse. This new series builds on Mockingbird's current status quo. Having been dosed with a combination of the Super-Soldier Serum and the Infinity Formula, Bobbi is understandably a subject of interest and concern for SHIELD's medical staff. This issue opens as a simple, goofy slice-of-life tale as it follows Bobbi on her many visits to the doctor. But writer Chelsea Cain slowly transitions from humor to paranoia and foreboding as it becomes clear that not all is right in Bobbi's world. [...] Mockingbird's new series could have been a simple effort to cash in on the character's recent mainstream exposure. Luckily, it's something much more ambitious and unique than that. This first issue ditches convention and employs a compelling, purposely disjointed structure to offer a glimpse into Bobbi Morse's crazy life."

Other versions
Bobbi Morse has been depicted in other fictional universes. Some of these include:

The Last Avengers Story
Set in a distant possible future, writer Peter David's 1995 miniseries The Last Avengers Story depicts Mockingbird as an embittered retiree who cares for her blinded husband Clint Barton. At the story's conclusion Mockingbird and Hawkeye return to duty and help the Avengers defeat Ultron, Grim Reaper, and Kang.

Fantastic Four: Big Town
Writer Steve Englehart revisited the Mockingbird and Hawkeye marriage in the 2001 miniseries Fantastic Four: Big Town. Set in a world where the technological advances of Reed Richards have filtered down throughout society, the series shows Mockingbird and Hawkeye as newlyweds and members of the Manhattan-based Avengers. Their relationship comes under familiar strain when Mockingbird kills an assailant in defence of her husband and Hawkeye disapproves of her actions, questioning their necessity. Later in the story, Mockingbird refrains from killing Quicksilver who then goes on to kill Hawkeye. At the story's end, the Avengers consider reviving Barton by placing his brain patterns in the body of the android Vision.

"House of M"
Bobbi Morse appears as a member of Luke Cage's Human Resistance group nicknamed the "Avengers" in writer Christos Gage's miniseries House of M: Avengers. In this story, set in the alternate timeline of the "House of M" storyline, Morse is a former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who was phased out from the organization when mutants became the dominant species. She becomes a costumed vigilante and is romantically involved with Clint Barton/Hawkeye. In the penultimate issue of the series the character leaves to seek asylum in Wakanda while Hawkeye stays behind.

Marvel Zombies
Mockingbird appears as one of the zombified heroes attacking the Punisher in Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness #2.

Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows
During the "Secret Wars" storyline in the pages of Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows, Mockingbird is part of the secret S.H.I.E.L.D. resistance against Regent.

Television
Bobbi Morse / Mockingbird appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Elizabeth Daily. This version is a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent with ties to Hawkeye and Black Widow, taking the two's place in Special Operations when the former joins the Avengers and the latter seemingly goes rogue. Mockingbird joined Nick Fury's Secret Warriors, but was captured and replaced by the Skrull Queen Veranke. Mockingbird later escapes with Captain America and the Skrulls' other prisoners.

Marvel Cinematic Universe
Bobbi Morse and Agent 19 of S.H.I.E.L.D. appear as separate characters in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU):
 * Morse appears in the MCU television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., portrayed by Adrianne Palicki. Debuting in the episode "A Hen in the Wolf House", she was assigned to work undercover within Daniel Whitehall's Hydra branch to protect Jemma Simmons before extracting her after their cover is blown. Palicki appeared in a recurring role before she was promoted to the series' main cast following the episode "Aftershocks".  Additionally, she was previously married to mercenary Lance Hunter, with whom she got back together while working as full-time field agents for S.H.I.E.L.D. Director Phil Coulson until they are forced to leave the organization following an incident in Russia during the episode "Parting Shot".
 * A Mockingbird series was in development at ABC Family in 2011. After the successful introduction of the character in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., a spin-off titled Marvel's Most Wanted, starring Palicki as Morse and Nick Blood as Hunter, received a pilot order from ABC in August 2015. On May 12, 2016 however, ABC announced it did not pick up Most Wanted for a series.
 * In September 2020, Geoffrey Thorne revealed he had written a pilot for Mockingbird, with Palicki reprising the role.
 * Laura Barton appears as Agent 19 in the MCU films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Avengers: Endgame (2019) as well as the Disney+ miniseries Hawkeye (2021), portrayed by Linda Cardellini.

Video games

 * Mockingbird makes a cameo in Hawkeye's ending in Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 as a member of his new West Coast Avengers.
 * Mockingbird appears as a playable character in the game Avengers Academy.
 * Mockingbird appears as a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel Avengers Alliance.
 * Mockingbird appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers. Additionally, the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. incarnation is also featured as DLC.
 * Mockingbird appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.
 * Mockingbird appears as a playable character in Marvel Puzzle Quest.

title: Mockingbird (Marvel Comics)


text:
Thomas Basin

Thomas Basin (1412–1491) was a French bishop of Lisieux and historian.

Biography
Basin was born at Caudebec in Normandy, but in the devastation caused by the Hundred Years' War, his childhood was itinerant. He was taken from Caudebec in 1415, and stayed in Rouen, Vernon, Falaise, Saint-James de Bouvron, Redon, and Nantes. It was on 25 October 1415 that the Battle of Agincourt took place, and there were few safe places in Normandy. Basin did not return to Caudebec until 1419, his stated object being his desire to see his parents again.

Scholar
In 1424 Basin went to the University of Paris, where he became a master of arts in 1429. He was admitted to the faculty of arts at Leuven on 31 December 1431, declaring his intention to study civil law. In 1433 Basin obtained a bursary at the College of St Augustine in Pavia, which had been founded by Cardinal Branda da Castiglione, a former bishop of Lisieux (1420–1424), who reserved a number of the twenty-four places for students from Normandy. He remained there until he obtained his licenciate in Civil Law. He then returned to Caudebec to visit his parents, and then took up residence in Louvain, from 1435 to 1437, where he obtained his licenciate in Canon Law. By September 1437 he was back in Italy, a Master of Arts and of Canon and Civil Laws, and is found at Bologna, where the Papal Curia and Pope Eugene IV were in residence. He was immediately given the expectation of the rectorship of the parish church of Saint-Germain-de-Carville (diocese of Rouen). This required ordination to the priesthood, but he requested a delay of five years; he was granted two. On 6 December 1437 he was also granted the privilege of holding more than one benefice at a time.

Basin was compelled to return home to Normandy when he discovered that his parents had been forced to flee to Rouen to avoid the English, but he was back on the road to Italy in April 1438. The journey took nearly six months, since his itinerary, which was to include Holland and the Rhine valley, was disrupted by a storm that made him seek refuge in London, where he was ill for two months. When he finally arrived in Italy again, he could not move from Pavia to Ferrara for more than three months because of the plague. He finally rejoined the Curia in September 1438.

Curial employee
Basin was present at the Council which began at Ferrara, but which was transferred to Florence by decree of Pope Eugene IV on 10 January 1439. During the Council he made the acquaintance of the humanist Poggio Bracciolini, which blossomed into a friendship of twenty years. Both worked on the council's business under the direction of Cardinal Cesarini, the president of the council. On 21 March 1439 Basin was named a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Lisieux. In July 1439 he was appointed to an embassy to Hungary, led by Cardinal Cesarini. The embassy was made very difficult when Albert of Austria, King of Hungary, died on 14 October 1439, and a struggle for election to the throne began between supporters of Władysław III of Poland and Queen Elisabeth of Luxembourg. The embassy returned to Florence on 26 March 1440. Basin was soon made Canon and prebendary of the Cathedral Chapter of Rouen by Pope Eugene as his reward for service on the legation. His senior colleague on the embassy, Giovanni Tagliacozzo, was made a cardinal. In 1440 Basin was ordained a subdeacon, but he did not remain long in Italy. On 23 May 1441 he took his stall in the Cathedral Chapter of Rouen. In November 1441 the English Royal Council named him professor of canon law in the new University of Caen. On 1 October 1442 he was elected Rector of the University of Caen. He also became vicar-general for the bishop of Bayeux, Zeno Castiglione, who was a member of the English Royal Council. Basin was one of the negotiators appointed by King Charles VII on 10 June 1445 to negotiate a marriage between one of his daughters and Edward, Duke of York.

Bishop
On 11 October 1447 Thomas Basin, Doctor in utroque iure (Civil and Canon Law), was appointed Bishop of Lisieux by Pope Nicholas V. It is possible that he was consecrated at Lambeth on 1 November 1447, by Archbishop John Stafford (1443–1452), Bishop Robert Gilbert of London (1436–1448), and Bishop Thomas Bourchier of Ely (1443–1454). On 3 February 1448 he took his oath of allegiance to King Henry VI of England at Windsor Castle.

In the summer of 1449, King Charles VII, determined to drive the English army out of Normandy. After taking Pont-Audemer the French army headed directly for Lisieux, determined on a siege if necessary. The Bishop pleaded with his people to avoid the pillaging and burning of Lisieux, which would become inevitable if they resisted the French. His advice was followed, and on 16 August 1449 he was sent forth and negotiated a treaty with the French. In it, the Bishop retained his privileges as bishop and count, and was given the privilege of naming the Captain who would be Governor of Lisieux. The King accepted the treaty on 28 August, and Bishop Basin took an oath of loyalty to the King of France. He was granted a pension of 1000 livres a year, which was regularly paid (at least according to surviving records) from 1450 to 1460.

Exile
On 15 August 1461 Bishop Basin took part in the coronation of King Louis XI at Reims. Basin was much involved in the wars between the English and French and was employed by Charles VII of France and by his successor Louis XI, at whose request Basin drew up a memorandum setting forth the misery of the people and suggesting measures for alleviating their condition. On 4 July 1463 Bishop Basin pronounced the excommunication of three persons convicted of witchcraft, who were immediately turned over to "the secular arm". The three witches were burned at the stake on 12 July. Basin was following in the footsteps of his predecessor, Bishop Pierre Cochon, who had turned Jeanne d'Arc over to "the secular arm".

In 1464 the bishop joined the League of the Public Weal and fell into disfavour with King Louis, who seized the temporalities of his see. In 1466 Bishop Basin took refuge in Louvain, where on 5 January he consecrated Louis de Bourbon, Bishop of Liège. He benefited from an amnesty for the members of the League, but Louis would not allow him to return to his diocese. Instead, he was sent to Perpignan as Chancellor of Roussillon and Cerdagne, and then as Ambassador to the King of Aragon; this occupied fourteen months of his virtual exile. He visited Savoy, where Yolande of France was regent, and then cities belonging to the Duke of Burgundy, Geneva, Basle, Trier and Louvain.

In 1474 King Louis put pressure on Basin's relations and friends in order to force his resignation. After exile in various places Basin proceeded to Rome, and resigned his bishopric on 27 May 1474. Pope Sixtus IV bestowed upon him the title of archbishop of Caesarea by way of consolation. Occupied with his writings Basin then passed some years at Trier and afterwards transferred his residence to Utrecht (now in the Netherlands), where his old friend, David the bastard of Burgundy, was Bishop and lord of the city.

When Louis XI died in 1483, his successor Charles VIII invited Bishop Basin to return to France, but without his diocese he saw no reason to accept.

Basin died in Utrecht on 3 December 1491, and was buried in the church of St. John (Janskerk).

Works
Basin's principal work is his ''Historiae de rebus a Carolo VII. et Ludovico XI. Francorum regibus''. This is of considerable historical value, but is marred to some extent by the author's dislike for Louis XI. At one time it was regarded as the work of a priest of Liège, named Amelgard, but it is now practically certain that Basin was the writer. He also wrote a suggestion for reform in the administration of justice entitled Libellus de optimo ordine forenses lites audiendi et deferendi, which was the product of his careful study of the Roman Rota while he worked at the Curia; an Apologia, written to answer the charges brought against him by Louis XI; a Breviloquium, or allegorical account of his own misfortunes; a Peregrinatio; a defence of Joan of Arc entitled Opinio et consilium super processu et condemnatione Johanne, dicte Puelle and other miscellaneous writings. He wrote in French, Advis de Monseigneur de Lysieux au roi (1464).

Bishop Basin's cartulary survives, in the Library of Lisieux.

Sources and further reading

 * Jules Étienne Joseph Quicherat (ed.), Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI Tome IV, Paris, " J. Renouard et Cie. 1859. [contains the Breviloquium, the Projet de réforme..., the Mémoire pour le Rétablissement de la Pragmatique Sanction; and numerous documents]
 * Charles Samaran (1933), "Documents inédits sur la jeunesse de Thomas Basin," Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes 94 (1933), pp. 46–57. (JSTOR)
 * Charles Samaran et André Vernet (1976), "Les livres de Thomas Basin," Latomus 145 (1976), 324–339.
 * Mark Spencer, Thomas Basin (1412–1490): The History of Charles VII and Louis XI. Nieuwkoop, Netherlands, De Graaf Publishers, 1997.
 * Jules Étienne Joseph Quicherat (ed.), Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI Tome IV, Paris, " J. Renouard et Cie. 1859. [contains the Breviloquium, the Projet de réforme..., the Mémoire pour le Rétablissement de la Pragmatique Sanction; and numerous documents]
 * Charles Samaran (1933), "Documents inédits sur la jeunesse de Thomas Basin," Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes 94 (1933), pp. 46–57. (JSTOR)
 * Charles Samaran et André Vernet (1976), "Les livres de Thomas Basin," Latomus 145 (1976), 324–339.
 * Mark Spencer, Thomas Basin (1412–1490): The History of Charles VII and Louis XI. Nieuwkoop, Netherlands, De Graaf Publishers, 1997.
 * Mark Spencer, Thomas Basin (1412–1490): The History of Charles VII and Louis XI. Nieuwkoop, Netherlands, De Graaf Publishers, 1997.

title: Thomas Basin


text:
A Estrada

A Estrada is a municipality in the province of Pontevedra, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Tabeirós – Terra de Montes. It is located some 15 mi southeast of Santiago de Compostela.

Etymology
The name comes from the Latin word strata, with the meaning of trodden earth, where one walks, I walk. In fact, two paths crossed in the main square: from south to north up a path from Terra de Montes, Ourense and Portugal, where the herdsmen and pilgrims going to Santiago de Compostela passed; and east to west, from the lands of Deza, Trasdeza and the interior of Galicia, where herdsmen headed to the coast.

History
Tabeirós jurisdiction stems from the days of the Swabian King Miro in the sixth century and is mentioned in the Chronicon Iriense as belonging to the diocese of Iria. In the twelfth century, the archbishop of Santiago Gelmírez and King Alfonso VII of Castile exchanged land between Tabeirós, Tabeirolos and the Faro fort, passing the first into the possession of the Compostela miter. This jurisdiction covered the whole current City of A Estrada, except for the parishes of Vea, until 1840. This is the year in which the City Council and the judicial district of A Estrada were created (now the capital of the judicial district comprises the municipalities of A Estrada, Forcarei and Cerdedo).

Three years earlier, because of the clashes between absolutists and liberals, the town hall of Tabeirós moved from Cereixo to the site of A Estrada, formed by four houses at a crossroads between the parishes of Figueroa, Ouzande and Guimarei.

In the early 20th century, the town was described as follows: "[A Estrada] is the chief town of a densely populated mountainous district; its industries are agriculture, stockbreeding, and the manufacture of linen and woollen cloth. Timber from the mountain forests is conveyed from Estrada to the Ulla River, 4 miles north, and thence floated down to the sea ports on Arousa Bay. There are mineral springs at A Estrada and at Caldas de Reis, 11 miles west-southwest."

title: A Estrada


text:
Three-legged race

A three-legged race is a running event involving pairs of participants running with the left leg of one runner strapped to the right leg of another runner. The objective is for the partners to beat the other contestant pairs to the finish line.

The longest distance ever run three-legged in 24 hours is 117.1km (72.7 miles) and was achieved by Gary Shaughnessy (Tadley, England) and Andy Tucker ( Tadley, England ), at Silchester on 9/10th October 2021. Gary Shaughnessy and Andy Tucker also broke the 12 hour record on the same day.

The world record for the most pairs in a three-legged race is 649, set in 2013 on the Isle of Man. An August 2014 attempt in Canberra organised by National Rugby League team Canberra Raiders failed; only 543 pairs competed.

title: Three-legged race


text:
Talk:Sumu (Inner Mongolia)

What is the etymology of 'sumu'? – Kaihsu 13:19, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can bet it is not from Finnish word 'sumu' for fog. :-) Kahkonen 23:26, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sumu (Inner Mongolia)


text:
User:LARS

I am a convinced inclusionist.

commons:User:LARS

meta:User:LARS

de:Benutzer:LARS

title: User:LARS


text:
Society of King Charles the Martyr

The Society of King Charles the Martyr is an Anglican devotional society dedicated to the cult of Saint Charles the Martyr, a title of Charles I of England (1600–1649). It is a member of the Catholic Societies of the Church of England, an Anglo-Catholic umbrella group. It is also active in the Scottish Episcopal Church and North America, and has international members elsewhere.

History
After Charles I was executed in 1649, it was said that the Puritans had offered to spare his life if he would abolish episcopacy in the Church of England. On the basis that his refusal led to his death, high church supporters of episcopacy viewed his death as a martyrdom. After the 1660 Restoration of his son Charles II to the throne, observance of 30 January, the date of Charles I's execution, was added to the Church of England's liturgical calendar, with a special service in the Book of Common Prayer and special sermons preached.

The Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859 removed the service, along with those of Gunpowder Plot and the Restoration, as being of political rather than religious character. The liberal influence which led to the 1859 change also produced a Tractarian reaction, which developed into Anglo-Catholicism and encouraged a renewal of high church practices. The Society of King Charles the Martyr was founded in 1894 with the stated purpose of "intercessory prayer for the defence of the Church of England against the attacks of her enemies." Since then, the objectives have extended to religious devotion in keeping with the traditions of Anglo-Catholicism.

In England
Today, the society's stated objectives are the following:

 * Intercessory prayer for the Church of England and Churches in communion therewith.
 * Promotion of a wider and better observance of the feast day of St Charles, 30 January.
 * Work for the reinstatement of the Feast of St Charles in the calendar of The Prayer Book from which it was removed in 1859 without the due consent of the Church as expressed in Convocation; the Feast was restored to the calendar in the Alternative Service Book of 1980 and a new collect composed for Common Worship in 2000.
 * The propagation of the true knowledge about the life and times of S. Charles, and winning general recognition of the great debt the Church of England owes to him for his faithfulness unto death in defence of the Church and Her apostolic ministry.
 * The support of efforts to build and equip churches dedicated under the patronage of S. Charles the Martyr (both at home and overseas).

The patrons of the society are Lord Nicholas Windsor, Sir Leslie Fielding, and Arthur Middleton, a former canon of Durham.

Outside England
Outside England, the objectives vary slightly, especially in regard to the Feast of St Charles, which is widely observed by the church in some places and not in others.

In the United States and Canada, the society is independently constituted as the American Region. The society's activities in the United States can be traced back to 1895, within a year of the society's foundation in 1894 in London. The American Region is incorporated under the General Laws of the State of Maryland as a not-for-profit corporation, the "Society of King Charles the Martyr, Inc.", and is tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the IRS code, both effective as of 8 April 2008. The American Region is governed by a Board of Trustees, and holds a Solemn Mass of the Feast of St Charles Martyr on a Saturday close to January 30. In addition, the American Region confers an honour on some members through membership in the Order of Blessed William Laud.

As of 2017, the American Region has more than 400 members. Keith Ackerman serves as episcopal patron.

A Catholic chapter of the society also exists within the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter with the approval of Bishop Steven J. Lopes.

title: Society of King Charles the Martyr


text:
Lucy Kellaway

Lucy Kellaway (born 26 June 1959) is a British journalist turned teacher. She remains listed as a management columnist at the Financial Times (FT), and became a trainee teacher in a secondary school in 2017.

She is a co-founder of the educational charity Now Teach. During her career in journalism, she has worked as energy correspondent, Brussels correspondent, a Lex writer, and interviewer of business people and celebrities, all with the FT. She is best known for her satirical commentaries on the limitations of modern corporate culture. She is a regular commentator on the BBC World Service daily business programme Business Daily.

Early life and career
Kellaway was born in London, a daughter of Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, a writer on gardening. Her sister is the critic and The Observer writer Kate Kellaway. Kellaway attended Camden School for Girls, where her mother taught English, and then Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she read Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE).

After initially working at the foreign exchange dealing room of Morgan Guaranty and at the Investors Chronicle, Kellaway won the Wincott Young Financial Journalist Award in 1984.

At the Financial Times
From 1985, she worked for the FT, where she wrote the Monday column "Lucy Kellaway on Management". Some years later, a satirical column purporting to be the emails of Martin Lukes, a senior manager in a company called A&B (later expensively re-branded to a-b glöbâl) would appear on Thursdays. It was revealed in 2005 that these were written by Kellaway (see below). At the British Press Awards 2006, Kellaway was named Columnist of the Year.

She wrote the "Dear Lucy" column, in which she adopts the point of view of a business agony aunt in response to letters sent by readers.

Kellaway has won the Work Foundation's Workworld Media Award twice.

Author
Kellaway wrote the management book Sense and Nonsense in the Office which was published in 1999.

Her second book was a satirical novel in emails: Martin Lukes: Who Moved My BlackBerry? (July 2005).

"Martin Lukes stands for every male manager trying to scramble to the top of the greasy pole. He is driven by ambition. He has little self-doubt—and even less self-knowledge. He thinks of himself as highly emotionally intelligent but has no idea how he is coming across. He is hungry for money, but more hungry for recognition. He wants people to love him and to be dazzled by his ability to 'think outside the square,' yet the ideas he comes up with are phony and pedestrian. He is a shameless player of the political game who manages by being a world-class brownnoser to disguise the fact that his native abilities are not quite as world-class as he would like."

On the launch of a redesigned FT in April 2007, the editor listed Kellaway (and Lukes) as the second of five key items of unique content as reasons for reading the FT. The Answers: All the office questions you never dared to ask was published in paperback in late 2007.

In 2010, Kellaway published the novel In Office Hours. The book described the ill-advised love affairs of two women working for a large oil company. Like much of Kellaway's work, it dealt with office mores, but also displayed an emotional range that surprised some readers who were more used to the pure parody of Martin Lukes. In Office Hours was serialised on BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime and described as "funny, truthful and cracking satire" by The Sunday Times. It was favourably reviewed in The Observer.

Teaching
In November 2016, it became known that Kellaway was leaving the Financial Times. From summer 2017 she worked as a maths teacher in a "challenging" London secondary school. She will still write 12 articles a year for her old paper. "I'm not remotely repentant about what I've done", Kellaway wrote in The Times in November 2017. "Since September 1, I have not been bored for one second. I am so interested in what I am doing that I have become a bore to my old friends". In 2018 Kellaway announced that she was turning her back on maths to teach children business studies instead, a decision she has written about in the Financial Times.

Whilst training to teach in 2017, Kellaway co-founded the charity Now Teach with social entrepreneur Katie Waldegrave.

After her first year, Kellaway transitioned from teaching maths to teaching business studies and economics part-time. She said that "maths wasn’t right for me, it was too long ago since I’d done it" and that her move to working part time was due to working full time being "unendurably hard work". As of 2024 she teaches at Newcastle Sixth Form College.

Other activities
In 2006 she was appointed a non-executive director of the insurance company Admiral Group. On 20 July 2012, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Essex.

Kellaway was a regular contributor to the BBC World Service programme Business Daily. For BBC Radio 4, she wrote and presented a series of ten daily 15-minute programmes on the History of Office Life in 2013, and the series The Joy of 9 to 5 in 2015. She has podcasted her FT columns since 2007.

Kellaway was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to education.

Private life
Kellaway was married to David Goodhart, the former editor of Prospect; the couple separated in 2015. She has four children.

Selected publications

 * Sense and Nonsense in the Office. Prentice Hall, 1999. ISBN 0273645099
 * Martin Lukes: Who Moved My BlackBerry? Penguin, 2005. ISBN 0241952204
 * The Answers: All the office questions you never dared to ask. Profile Books, 2010. ISBN 1846680395
 * In Office Hours. Penguin, 2011. ISBN 0141039884
 * Re-educated How I Changed My Job, My Home, My Husband and My Hair, Ebury Press, 2021, ISBN 9781529108002

title: Lucy Kellaway


text:
Kate Grenville

Catherine Elizabeth Grenville (born 1950) is an Australian author. She has published fifteen books, including fiction, non-fiction, biography, and books about the writing process. In 2001, she won the Orange Prize for The Idea of Perfection, and in 2006 she won the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for The Secret River. The Secret River was also shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize.

Her novels have been published worldwide and have been translated into many languages. Three have been adapted into feature films. The Secret River was adapted for the stage by Andrew Bovell and toured by the Sydney Theatre Company in 2019.

Life
Kate Grenville was born in 1950, one of three children born to Kenneth Grenville Gee, a District Court judge and barrister; and Isobel Russell, a pharmacist. She was educated at Cremorne Girls High School, the University of Sydney (BA Hons) and the University of Colorado (MA). After completing her undergraduate degree at the University of Sydney, Grenville worked in the film industry, mostly editing documentaries at Film Australia. She has also been a teacher of creative writing. Between 1976 and 1980 she lived in London and Paris, and wrote fiction while supporting herself by doing film-editing, writing, and secretarial jobs. In 1980 she went to the University of Colorado at Boulder to do a master's degree in creative writing. She returned to Australia in 1983 and became a sub-editor at SBS Television in the subtitling department. She won a literary grant in 1986 and left SBS to pursue her writing. Since the early 1990s she has been an Honorary Associate at the University of Sydney.

In 2006 she was awarded a Doctorate of Creative Arts by the University of Technology, Sydney under the supervision of Glenda Adams and Paula Hamilton. She has also been awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Sydney, the University of NSW, and Macquarie University. In 2017 she was awarded a Lifetime Achievement award from the Australia Council and in 2018 was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia.

Grenville has been married to Robert Steiner and cartoonist Bruce Petty. She lives in Sydney with her son and daughter. Her leisure activities include learning to play the cello and performing in an amateur orchestra.

Career
Kate Grenville's reputation as a short story writer was made by the publication in 1984 of her collection Bearded Ladies. On its publication, Peter Carey wrote "Here is someone who can really write".

Lilian's Story was her first published novel (1985) and won The Australian/Vogel Literary Award. It was loosely based on the story of Bea Miles, known in Sydney for her eccentric public behaviour. It has become one of Australia's best-loved novels and in 1996 was made into a film starring Ruth Cracknell and Toni Collette; Collette won the Australian Film Institute award for supporting actress for her performance as the young Lilian.

Dreamhouse followed in 1986, and appeared as the 1994 film Traps. Joan Makes History – the recipient of an Australian Bicentennial Commission – was published in 1988.

In 1994 Grenville returned to the characters and setting of Lilian's Story with a companion novel – Dark Places – that re-tells the events of the earlier novel from the point of view of Lilian's incestuous father. Dark Places won the Victorian Premier's Literary Award in 1995. (In the US this novel is titled Albion's Story.)

The Idea of Perfection appeared in 2000 and won the Orange Prize for Fiction, at the time Britain's richest literary award.

In 2006 The Secret River was published, the first of Grenville's books that take Australia's colonial past, and relations with Australia's indigenous people, as their subject. The Secret River was inspired by the story of Grenville's own great-great-great grandfather, a convict sent to Australia from London in 1806. This book won the Commonwealth Prize, the Christina Stead Prize, and the NSW Premier's Community Relations Prize, and was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize.

Searching for The Secret River (2006) is a memoir about the research and writing of the novel, tracing the journey of the author's increasing awareness of how Australia's colonial past informs its present.

The Lieutenant (2008) is set thirty years earlier than The Secret River. Based on the historical notebooks of Lieutenant William Dawes, it tells the story of the friendship between a soldier with the First Fleet and a young Gadigal girl. These two novels together explore something of the complexity of black–white relations in Australia's past.

Sarah Thornhill (2011) is the sequel to The Secret River and takes up the story of William Thornhill's youngest daughter. It can be read as a stand-alone novel, without reference to The Secret River.

In 2015 Grenville published One Life: My Mother's Story, in which she uses the fragments of memoir that her mother left to construct the story of a woman whose life—in some ways typical of her times, in others remarkable—spanned a century of tumult and dramatic change.

Grenville has also written or co-written several books about the writing process which are widely used in creative writing workshops and in schools and universities: The Writing Book, Writing from Start to Finish, and Making Stories (co-written with Sue Woolfe).

In 2017 she published a book about the politics and health effects of artificial scents, The Case Against Fragrance.

Grenville's 2020 novel, A Room Made of Leaves, takes its inspiration from the life of the early Australian settler Elizabeth Macarthur.

Restless Dolly Maunder, a novel based on the life of Grenville's grandmother, was published in 2023 and shortlisted for the 2024 Women's Prize for Fiction.

Grenville has been awarded fellowships from the International Association of University Women and from the Literary Arts Board of the Australia Council. Her novels have all been published in the UK and US as well as Australia and have been translated into many languages, including German, Swedish, French, Hebrew and Chinese. Two have been made into feature films. The Secret River was made into a TV mini-series, and adapted (by Andrew Bovell) as a play that had sell-out runs at the Adelaide and Edinburgh Festivals.

Style and subject matter
Grenville's early fiction presented characters trying to free themselves from social and gender stereotypes. Bearded Ladies is a collection of short stories about women trying to free themselves from the gender stereotypes of their society.

Lilian's Story, set in the early 20th century, takes as its subject a woman who rejects her middle-class background and the conventional future that is expected of her, and instead chooses to live as a street person, making a living by offering recitations from Shakespeare. At the end of her life she declares joyously: "Drive on, George. I am ready for whatever comes next."

Joan Makes History is a satirical re-writing of Australia's history, foregrounding the women rather than the men. Joan is an Everywoman character who in various guises lives through all the iconic moments of Australia's past. She "makes history" both by simply living her life, and by (re)making history by writing it.

Dreamhouse is a black comedy about a marriage on the rocks. It explores themes of both men and women freeing themselves from stereotypes to accept their true selves. Both partners in the marriage are attracted to their own sex: the wife is prepared to acknowledge that and act on it while the husband refuses to.

The Idea of Perfection is about people haunted by the impossible ideal of perfection. The two main characters are both middle-aged and frumpish, and consider themselves unlovably flawed. The journey they make is to recognise that to be "imperfect" is simply to be human, and carries its own power. As the epigraph from Leonardo da Vinci asserts: "An arch is two weaknesses that together make a strength".

The Secret River is set in early 19th-century Australia and is based on the story of one of Grenville's convict ancestors, Solomon Wiseman, a London boatman transported for theft. She takes that story as a means of exploring a wider theme: the dark legacy of colonialism, especially its impact on Australia's Aboriginal peoples. The title comes from the anthropologist W. E. H. Stanner, who wrote about a "secret river of blood flowing through Australia's history": the story of white Australia's relationship with the Aboriginal people.

Grenville has written a memoir of the research and writing of The Secret River, entitled Searching for the Secret River.

The Lieutenant is the story of one of the very earliest moments of black-white relationship in Australia, at the time of first settlement in 1788. Based on a historical source – the Gadigal-language notebooks of Lieutenant William Dawes – the novel tells the story of a unique friendship. In learning the Gadigal language from a young girl, Dawes wrote down word-for-word parts of their conversations. Grenville has used these fragments as the basis for a novel exploring how it might be possible for two people to reach across the gulfs of language and culture that separate them, and arrive at a relationship of mutual warmth and respect. She has described it as a "mirror-image" of The Secret River.

Sarah Thornhill is a sequel to The Secret River. It tells the story of one of the children of the main character in the earlier book. Sarah Thornhill grows up knowing nothing of the dark secret in her family's past, and when she has to confront it, the direction of her life and her thinking is changed. It's a story about secrets and lies, and how to deal with a dark legacy from the past. Grenville has said that the book is set in the 19th century, but is as much about the ugly secrets in Australian history that her own generation inherited.

These three books form a loose trilogy – "The Colonial Trilogy" – about the first three generations of white settlement in Australia, and what that shared black/white history means for contemporary Australians. The themes of the three books reach beyond Australia: all are widely read in other countries where colonialism has left a problematic legacy.

A Room Made of Leaves returns to this subject and can be seen as a fourth novel in this series. It takes as its starting-point the life of Elizabeth Macarthur, wife of early wool baron John Macarthur. It tells the story of that remarkable woman, but its underlying theme is about the way false stories can come to replace the truth.

Grenville frequently does extensive research for her novels, often using historical or other sources as the starting-point for the work of the imagination. She says of her books that they are "sometimes inspired by historical events, but they are imaginative constructs, not an attempt to write history".

Some years after her mother died, Grenville put together a book about her, based on the memoirs and recordings her mother left. The result is One Life: My Mother's Story, a book about a woman born in 1912 who rode the waves of tumultuous change that happened over the course of her life.

Grenville's most recent non-fiction book is about the health problems that can be caused by the synthetic fragrances that are all around us: The Case Against Fragrance. In this book she recounts the difficulties she has personally experienced due to fragrances in the environment and discusses the latest research findings by Dr Anne Steinemann and others.

Awards and nominations

 * Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (FAHA) in 2008
 * Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of New South Wales in 2010
 * Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Sydney in 2012
 * Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Macquarie University in 2013
 * The Dixson Medal awarded by the Library Council of New South Wales in 2014
 * Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literature from the Australia Council in 2017
 * Officer of the Order of Australia in 2018

Prizes

 * 1984 – The Australian/Vogel Literary Award for Lilian's Story
 * 1995 – Victorian Premier's Vance Palmer Prize for Fiction for Dark Places
 * 2001 – Orange Prize for Fiction for The Idea of Perfection
 * 2006 – Commonwealth Writers' Prize for The Secret River
 * 2006 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize for fiction for The Secret River
 * 2006 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Community Relations Commission Award for The Secret River
 * 2021 – New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize for fiction for A Room Made of Leaves

Shortlisted

 * 2006 – The Secret River – Miles Franklin Award and the Man Booker Prize
 * 2021 – A Room Made of Leaves – Walter Scott Prize
 * 2021 – Australian Book Industry Awards, Literary fiction book of the year for A Room Made of Leaves
 * 2024 – Restless Dolly Maunder – Women's Prize for Fiction

Novels

 * Lilian's Story (1985)
 * Dreamhouse (1986), ISBN 0-7022-1959-2
 * Joan Makes History: A Novel (1988), ISBN 0-7022-2174-0
 * Dark Places (1994), ISBN 0-330-33549-9 (alternative title: Albion's Story)
 * The Idea of Perfection (1999)
 * The Lieutenant (2008)
 * Sarah Thornhill, sequel to The Secret River, (2011)
 * A Room Made of Leaves (2020)
 * Restless Dolly Maunder (2023)
 * Restless Dolly Maunder (2023)

Short fiction

 * Collections
 * Bearded Ladies:Stories (1984) ISBN 0-7022-1716-6
 * Selected stories

Non-fiction

 * The Writing Book: A Manual for Fiction Writers (1990), ISBN 0-04-442124-9
 * Making Stories: How Ten Australian Novels Were Written (1993), with Woolfe, Sue ISBN 1-86373-316-7
 * Writing from Start to Finish: a Six-Step Guide (2001)
 * Searching for the Secret River (2006), ISBN 1-921145-39-0
 * One Life: My Mother's Story (2015), ISBN 978-1-922182-05-0
 * The Case Against Fragrance (2017), ISBN 978-1-925355-95-6

title: Kate Grenville


text:
Patrick T. Powers

Patrick T. Powers (June 27, 1860 – August 29, 1925) was an American baseball executive who served as president of the Eastern League and founding president of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (NAPBL). Already president of the Eastern League, he was elected by several minor league presidents on September 5, 1901, at the Leland Hotel in Chicago.

The purpose of the NAPBL was to keep the uniting minor leagues independent of the American League and National League, who were engaged in a turf war, stealing players and hurling accusations at each other. By then, the established major National League had abrogated its agreement with the minor leagues when threatened by the American side. After the American League won its equality with the National League, the two major leagues and the minor association led by Powers reestablished a National Agreement. Once again, a system was in place to protect rosters and territories and at the same time feed some players to the National and American Leagues.

Before becoming a league executive, Powers was a team manager including two seasons in the major leagues. In 1890, he led the Rochester Broncos of the American Association to a 63–63 record and a fifth-place finish. With the New York Giants in 1892, he finished 8th in the 12-team National League with a record of 71–80.

There were 35 leagues and 246 professional baseball clubs in the organization. It has continued on as the trade association of those lesser baseball leagues that make up organized baseball. It goes by the aforementioned moniker of Minor League Baseball today, which implies a universality no longer even approximately attained. Once again at the end of the 20th century as at the beginning, there were many independent professional leagues, such as the Northern League, Central League, and Golden Baseball League. Those leagues also feed players, albeit many fewer, to the major leagues.

Powers retired from the presidency of the NABPL in 1909, at a time when the Eastern League considered leaving. Michael H. Sexton was chosen to replace Powers as president at the Winter Meetings in 1909. Powers and Sexton have been considered the "fathers" of the current Minor League Baseball, as they thought alike and acted alike, and were in agreement on the path that the organization should take. As a result, Sexton extended the valuable legacy of Powers during the next 24 years.

In 1909, a group of three Eastern League owners attempted to oust Powers as league president, believing that he had not been impartial in his decision making and had made poor decisions when hiring umpires. Powers was reelected after neither his opposition's candidates - James R. Price and Ed Barrow, gained enough votes to take the presidency. In 1910, Barrow was elected president with 5 votes to Powers 3.

Powers died at the age of 65 in Belmar, New Jersey.

title: Patrick T. Powers


text:
Storax balsam

Storax (storax; στύραξ, stúrax),    often commercially sold as styrax, is a natural resin isolated from the wounded bark of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. (Asia Minor) and Liquidambar styraciflua L. (Central America) (Hamamelidaceae). It is distinct from benzoin (also called "storax"), a similar resin obtained from the Styracaceae plant family.

Composition
Purified storax contains circa 33 to 50% storesin, an alcoholic resin, both free and as cinnamic esters. Contains 5 to 15% cinnamic acid, 5 to 15% cinnamyl cinnamate, circa 10% phenylpropyl cinnamate; small amounts of ethyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate, and styrene, Some may contain traces of vanillin. Some sources report a resin containing triterpenic acids (oleanolic and 3-epioleanolic acids).

Uses
Storax has a pleasant, floral/lilac, leathery, balsamic smell. Storax and its derivatives (resinoid, essential oil, absolute) are used as flavors, fragrances, and in pharmaceuticals (Friar's Balsam).

American storax resin (Liquidambar styraciflua) is chewed like gum to freshen breath and clean teeth.

History
In the Bible, Hosea 3:13 speaks of the Storax trees. Mnesimachus, Aristotle, Theophrastus (Historia Plantarum), Herodotus, and Strabo also mention the storax tree and its balsam. In ancient Greece, storax also denoted the spike at the lower end of a spearshaft.

Pliny (Historia Naturalis 12.98, 15.26; 24.24) notes the use of storax as a perfume, while Scribonius Largus drank wine flavored with storax. Ciris mentions storax as a fragrant hair dye. Dioscorides (De materia medica 1.79) reports its use as incense, similar to frankincense, having expectorant and soothing properties.

The 10th century Arab historian al-Masudi listed storax gum (mayʿa) as a spice in his book Murūdj al-dhahab (Meadows of Gold).

Chao Ju-Kuan, a 13th century trade commissioner in Fukien province, described liquid storax gum as a product of Ta-shï (the Arabs).

Linnaeus, who determined the scientific names of plants, thought that storax was extracted from the tree called in modern Hebrew livneh refu'i which he termed Styrax officinalis. However in the light of tests made in Israel it is very doubtful if a sap with medicinal or aromatic qualities can be extracted from this tree. The storax of the ancients was probably extracted from a different tree, seemingly from the Liquidambar orientalis which grows wild in northern Syria, and may even have been grown in Israel; from it is extracted an aromatic sap with healing qualities called storax liquidis. This may possibly be the biblical balm, though other sources conclude that the biblical balm is Balsam (opobalsamum).

This species originated in the Southern regions of Mesopotamia, present day Iraq and in particular Babylon. Babylonians used it for respiratory related diseases. 8

In the nineteenth century, styrene was isolated by distillation of storax balsam.

In North Africa, for mystical purposes, women burn benzoin and storax in potsherds.

Safety
Storax resin is "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS), but at low levels, for example, circa 15 ppm in candy and 25 ppm in baked goods.

title: Storax balsam


text:
Clinical trials publication

Clinical trials publication is having research published in a peer reviewed journal following clinical trials. Most investigators will want to have such a publication but the nature of clinical trials may create special considerations and obstacles.

Most agreements for a clinical trial between sponsor and investigator grants that the sponsor may control publication of results by requesting publication delays, deleting portions of a manuscript, or placing limits on the types of issues that can be discussed. These controls serve to prevent disclosure of information that would compromise the sponsor's ability to patent inventions; to prevent disclosure of confidential information shared with investigator; and to coordinate the disclosure of results when a clinical trial is being conducted at multiple sites. These are legitimate business concerns, but may not restrict the investigator from freely publishing research results in the end of the study and approval process.

Due to repeated accusations and findings that some clinical trials conducted or funded by pharmaceutical companies may report only positive results for the preferred medication, the industry has been looked at much more closely by independent groups and government agencies. Issues and responses have included guidelines to limit financial inducements to researchers, journal articles presented as academic research actually being 'ghost-written' by pharmaceutical companies, litigation to deter or suppress publication of negative findings, concerns, or cheaper alternatives. and laws in the United States requiring advanced clinical trials to be registered on a public government website.

title: Clinical trials publication


text:
File:Cnlogo2.jpg

Summary
Collegiate Network logo

title: File:Cnlogo2.jpg


text:
Tony Caunter

Anthony Patrick Caunter (born 22 September 1937) is a retired British actor best known for his role as Jack Shepherd in the Yorkshire TV sitcom Queenie's Castle and also his portrayal of the kindly car dealer Roy Evans in EastEnders from 1994 to 2003.

The second son of Annie Mary and Roy Hobert Caunter, Caunter attended Worthing and Westcliff High Schools, before service in the RAF and training as an actor at LAMDA. Caunter has an older brother, Roger. Caunter's mother died when he was 11 years old. Caunter is married to Frances Wallace and has four children. They live in East Sussex.

His numerous television credits include Crown Court, Z-Cars, The Avengers, Casualty, London's Burning, Home to Roost, Queenie's Castle, The Saint, Special Branch, The Champions, Dixon of Dock Green, Catweazle, The Main Chance, The Professionals, The Sweeney, Minder, Pennies From Heaven, Westbeach, Howards' Way, Lovejoy, May to December, Boon, Heartbeat, Juliet Bravo and The Scarlet Pimpernel. He played Titanic's chief officer Henry Wilde in S.O.S. Titanic. In The Chief, he played Deputy Chief Constable Arthur Quine. He appeared in the Doctor Who stories The Crusade, Colony in Space and Enlightenment, in the same era he also appeared in the BBC's other science fiction show Blake's 7 in the episode "Deliverance".

Filmography

 * The Ipcress File
 * The Hill
 * A Twist of Sand
 * The Adding Machine
 * The Mind of Mr. Soames
 * The Asphyx
 * S.O.S. Titanic

title: Tony Caunter


text:
Wally Westmore

Walter 'Wally' James Westmore (February 13, 1906 – July 3, 1973) was a make-up artist for Hollywood films.

Westmore was one of six brothers; all became notable film make-up artists. They were Monte, Perc, Ern, Wally, Bud and Frank.

Wally Westmore's career began with the highly successful Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) in which the transition of Fredric March from Jekyll to Hyde was considered groundbreaking in the field of film make-up. He eventually went on to work on more than 300 films, mostly for Paramount.

Filmography
Some of his more notable films include:
 * Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931)
 * Island of Lost Souls (1932)
 * North West Mounted Police (1940)
 * The Lady Eve (1941)
 * Sullivan's Travels (1941)
 * I Married a Witch (1942)
 * Holiday Inn (1942)
 * Road to Morocco (1942)
 * Five Graves to Cairo (1943)
 * For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943)
 * Going My Way (1944)
 * Double Indemnity (1944)
 * Kitty (1945 film) (1945)
 * The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946)
 * Blue Skies (1946)
 * California (1947)
 * My Favorite Brunette (1947)
 * The Perils of Pauline (1947 film) (1947)
 * Desert Fury (1947)
 * Unconquered (1947)
 * Road to Rio (1947)
 * The Big Clock (1948)
 * The Emperor Waltz (1948)
 * A Foreign Affair (1948)
 * Sorry, Wrong Number (1948)
 * Whispering Smith (1948)
 * The Paleface (1948)
 * A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949)
 * Streets of Laredo (film) (1949)
 * The Heiress (1949)
 * Sorrowful Jones (1949)
 * Samson and Delilah (1949)
 * ’’Branded’’ (1950)
 * The File on Thelma Jordon (1950)
 * Sunset Boulevard (1950)
 * Union Station (film) (1950)
 * A Place in the Sun (1951)
 * Here Comes the Groom (1951)
 * Red Mountain (1952)
 * My Favorite Spy (1951)
 * The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)
 * Denver and Rio Grande (1952)
 * Carrie (1952 film) (1952)
 * Son of Paleface (1952)
 * Just for You (1952 film) (1952)
 * Road to Bali (1952)
 * Come Back, Little Sheba (1952)
 * The War of the Worlds (1953)
 * Shane (1953)
 * Stalag 17 (1953)
 * Arrowhead (1953 film) (1953)
 * The Caddy (1953)
 * Roman Holiday (1953)
 * Red Garters (film) (1954)
 * The Naked Jungle (1954)
 * Elephant Walk (1954)
 * Rear Window (1954)
 * Sabrina (1954)
 * To Catch a Thief (1955)
 * The Trouble with Harry (1955)
 * The Rose Tattoo (1955)
 * The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956)
 * The Proud and Profane (1956)
 * The Ten Commandments (1956)
 * The Rainmaker (1956)
 * Funny Face (1957)
 * Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957)
 * Loving you (1957)
 * The Tin Star (1957)
 * Desire Under the Elms (1958)
 * Teacher's Pet (1958)
 * Vertigo (1958)
 * King Creole (1958)
 * The Space Children (1958)
 * The Five Pennies (1959)
 * That Kind of Woman (1959)
 * Career (1959)
 * Li'l Abner (1959)
 * Visit to a Small Planet (1960)
 * One-Eyed Jacks (1961)
 * ''The Ladies' Man' (1961)
 * Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
 * Summer and Smoke (1961)
 * The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)
 * Hud (1963)
 * Love with the Proper Stranger (1963)
 * Barefoot in the Park (1967)
 * The Odd Couple (1968)

title: Wally Westmore