text:
The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale

The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale is the twenty-second studio album by American recording artist Prince. It was released on August 24, 1999, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was submitted to Warner Bros. Records in 1996, complete with artwork at the same time as Chaos and Disorder, but released three years later, shortly before Prince's Arista album release Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic. The album was recorded from 1985 through 1996. It was the last album to be released by Warner Bros. to fulfill his 1992 contract obligations.

Fans often complain that the songs have been overworked and watered down from the original versions that can be heard on various bootlegs, particularly "Old Friends 4 Sale". Little promotion was done in the United States or United Kingdom to support the album. "Extraordinary" was occasionally performed during his 2002 One Nite Alone... Tour.

Background and release
The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale was Prince's first release with Warner Bros. Records since his eighteenth studio album, Chaos and Disorder (1996). His previous three albums, Emancipation (1996), Crystal Ball (1998), and The Truth (1998), were all released independently by NPG Records.

Promotion
Unlike his previous studio albums, Prince did not embark on a concert series or tour and did very little to promote the album. The lack of a proper tour would continue until the release of his twenty-fifth studio album, One Nite Alone... (2002). Prince's next tour would not be until late 2000, when he began the Hit n Run Tour.

Singles
"Extraordinary" was released as the album's first promotional single on August 10, 1999, two weeks before the album's scheduled release.

Three further promotional singles were released from The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale. The second, "The Rest of My Life", was released in Japan in 1999, and included "Extraordinary" as the CD's second track. "5 Women" was the third promo single, released exclusively in Germany. The fourth and final promotional single, "It's About That Walk", was also released in Germany.

Critical reception
After its release, The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale received generally mixed reviews from music critics. In a fairly positive review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic called it "an unassuming, jazzy little record that's damn near irresistible." Erlewine suggested that the tracks were comparable to the material found on Graffiti Bridge (1990). Entertainment Weekly's Marc Weingarten appreciated the album, stating that it "sounds more committed than a lot of his indie releases"; however, Weingarten noted that Prince fans would enjoy the album more.

In a mixed review, Mark Zeltner of PopMatters enjoyed songs "Extraordinary" and "It's About That Walk", but criticized the record's "lack of a cohesive musical theme", also calling the track listing "a series of songs that were forgotten or discarded long ago by their creator." A reviewer from Mojo was more mixed with the album, calling it "pleasing though predictable". Keith Phipps, writing for The A.V. Club, was disappointed by the album, blaming Warner Bros. for the "none-too-generous selection of material". Similarly, a critic from NME found the songs to be "mediocre", also noting that Warner Bros. takes "revenge on their erstwhile slave".

Commercial performance
The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale was moderately unsuccessful after its release, peaking at the lower positions of most record charts. In the United States, the album debuted and peaked at position eighty-five on the Billboard 200. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number forty-seven, becoming his highest charting album since Emancipation (1996). The album was somewhat successful in the Netherlands, where it peaked at number sixteen. Elsewhere, the album was unsuccessful. In France and Germany, it peaked at positions sixty-four and forty-four, respectively.

Track listing
All songs written and produced by Prince.

title: The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale


text:
Talk:Fist of Fun

Attribution
Some material on this page was originally contained in an article that was merged here, per Votes for deletion/Simon Quinlank. -- BD2412 talk 04:40, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

"The actor Kevin Eldon"
I love that he's consistently referred to this way.--Nick xylas (talk) 08:04, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Fist of Fun


text:
Template talk:Xiangqi-position

Comments
'''Yes!! The board works! Hurrah!'''

Fully functional. Now I will work on developing a partial board, ie. for examples where only a few squares are needed. I might possibly use Template:if.

This template in, the invocation of parameters concept is inspired by Template:Chess position for pieces, and then for aligning the lines, Template:Game of Go Position. This template is the merger of both concepts, you might say. -- Natalinasmpf 17:24, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Currently you can invoke a blank board of the size above by copying and pasting this piece of invocation code:

To get pieces...use this, they correspond square to square, similar to Go and Chess:

title: Template talk:Xiangqi-position


text:
Trevallyn

Trevallyn may refer to:

 * Trevallyn, Gauteng, South Africa
 * Trevallyn, Tasmania, Australia

title: Trevallyn


text:
User talk:Westcountryguy2

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -Splash 04:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Voting on VfD
I see you've been voting on a couple of VfDs since you joined. This is fine, of course, but do be aware that brand-new users' votes are often discounted when it comes to tallying the votes after 5 days. This is to avoid the (all too frequent) scenario where a horde of new accounts are suddenly created to defend/attack one particular article on VfD. As a result, such votes are often marked in some way when they appear on VfD — don't take offense if the same is done to yours. I don't want to discourage you from contributing, but it will help shore up your votes on VfD if you make a few good-faith edits to articles along the way. By the way: you forgot to sign your vote at Votes for deletion/Hornery. -Splash 04:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Westcountryguy2


text:
User talk:Camus~enwiki

test

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Camus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Camus~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:47, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:21, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Camus~enwiki


text:
Turf Club

Turf Club may refer to:

 * Turf Club (gentlemen's club), a club in London, UK
 * Turf Club, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
 * Turf Club (venue), a live music venue and restaurant in Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
 * Turf Club (New Jersey), a live music venue in Asbury Park, New Jersey

Horse racing clubs

 * Penang Turf Club
 * Perak Turf Club, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
 * Pony Turf Club, a regulating body in the United Kingdom from 1923 to the early 1950s
 * Royal Calcutta Turf Club
 * Royal Western India Turf Club, Mumbai
 * Selangor Turf Club, Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia
 * Singapore Turf Club
 * Turf Club (Ireland), regulatory body for horse racing in Ireland

Australia

 * Australian Turf Club, Sydney
 * Gold Coast Turf Club, Surfers Paradise, Queensland
 * Lismore Turf Club, Lismore, New South Wales
 * Melbourne Racing Club
 * Queensland Turf Club, Ascot, Queensland
 * Sydney Turf Club
 * Western Australian Turf Club, Perth

title: Turf Club


text:
1960s in Hong Kong

1960s in Hong Kong continued with the development and expansion of manufacturing that began in the previous decade. The economic progress made in the period would categorise Hong Kong as one of Four Asian Tigers along with Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Background
Economically, this era is considered a major stepping stone for Hong Kong. It is considered the first turning point for Hong Kong's economy. The per capita GDP was still relatively low in 1960, approximately being the same as Peru, South Africa and Greece in the same decade. By comparison, Argentina had two times and Venezuela had three times the GDP of Hong Kong. The living standard was rising steadily, but low wages continued. The number of registered factories increased from 3,000 in 1950s to 10,000 in 1960s. Registered foreign companies increased from 300 to 500. There were demands for labour in every sector of the economy. Politically, however, this era is marked by the political chaos in mainland China.

Population
Hong Kong's population in the 1960s is estimated at 3 million. Half of the population was under the age of 25 and the group became Hong Kong's baby boom generation. The surge of refugees continued to come in from China.

Lifestyle
The past generations of Chinese families were deeply rooted in family affairs. The long hours in the factories would break apart that traditional structure when most people spend far more time working in factories than at home. But people lived under a strong willingness to bear sufferings. This was slightly compensated by their close relationship within the community, and cheerful talks in their spare times. Work places mainly served as educational hubs or the "second home". Women also joined the work force in larger numbers, becoming working daughters or working mothers.

Education
The government pursued an ambitious public education programme, creating over 300,000 new primary school places between 1954 and 1961. By 1966, 99.8% of school-age children were attending primary school, though the primary schools were not free.

Events
From 6 to 15 December 1969, the first Hong Kong Festival was launched after 7 months of preparation work with HKD $4 million of funding. It originated after the 1967 riots in hopes that people unleash their energy toward a better cause instead of communists' riots. The number of participants reached more than 500,000 including foreign tourists.

Entertainment
The 1960s cinema films were still rooted in a Chinese tradition, though Hong Kong would have one of their first pop culture teen idols, Connie Chan Po-chu. The arrival of broadcast television would become the first format brewed in Hong Kong to be marketed toward the people of Hong Kong directly. TVB station was founded in 1967 and made the first free-over-the-air broadcast.

Law and order
The first disturbance in the 1960s was the Hong Kong 1966 riots over the rising fares of the Star Ferry. A petition was created with 20,000 signatures in protest against any increases in transportation costs. The result led to the arrest of 1,800 people, but the end came swiftly.

Other riots include the Hong Kong 1967 riots which began when internal conflict within the Communist party in China resulted in the Cultural Revolution. Pro-communist leftists in Hong Kong challenged British rule. Demonstrations were held, the red guards would take shape in Hong Kong carrying Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong in their left hands shouting communist slogans. The People's Daily in Beijing ran editorials supporting the leftist struggle. Rumors spread that China was preparing to take over the colony. Political tension soared. The riots only came to an end in December 1967 when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai ordered the leftist groups in Hong Kong to stop. After the riot, the government made an effort to clean up any existing communist networks. The radio host Lam Bun was also murdered.

Drought
In 1963 and 1967, serious droughts affected Hong Kong. Water supply was unable to support the needs of the rapid population growth. The government introduced a water restriction policy. There were periods when water supply was restricted to 4 hours per 4 days. People had to save water for 4 days of usage. Water shortages, however, were mainly created by the politics (see resource section).

The severe drought year in 1963 has been attributed to air circulation changes resulting from the March-May eruption of the Agung volcano on the Indonesian island of Bali.

Typhoon
In 1960, Typhoon Mary affected Hong Kong, causing 45 deaths and 127 injuries. It also destroyed about 10,000 homes.

In 1962, Typhoon Wanda affected Hong Kong, causing 130 deaths. 72,000 people left homeless. It was one of the most disastrous typhoons to ever affect Hong Kong.

Construction
The construction business would also continue to increase along with the demand of highways, buildings, tunnels, and reservoirs. In 1962, the director of public works questioned where to go after the development of Kwai Chung and Tsuen Wan. The construction expansion went west to Tuen Mun and north to Sha Tin. The first post-World War II documentation to provide detailed information about the territory came in 1969 in a guide titled the "Colony Outline Plan". It was the first paperwork to outline strategies to house a million people with low-cost public housing, along with defining tight regulations and guidelines on how to construct among the high density population.

Manufacture
While many companies were beginning to diversify in the products it manufactures, the entire success of the Hong Kong colony rested on the textile industry. An estimated 625,000 residents were supported directly or indirectly by this one industry. The government was depending on its Shanghai entrepreneurs and the industry collectively ran in 3 shifts around the clock. It was from this point that the cheap low-grade products became high-quality products with the "Made in Hong Kong" label. By 1968, small factories employing fewer than 100 workers accounted for 42 percent of Hong Kong's domestic exports to the UK, amounting to HKD $1.2 billion.

Hospital and hospitality
From 1960 to 1965, the executive council tried to revamp the medical system to provide some form of low cost health care directly or indirectly to large sections of the population. Staff at the medical and health departments were outlining proposals to estimate demands for the next 15 years. The Hong Kong Flu of 1968 would infect 15% of the population.

During the beginning of the Vietnam War, the U.S. made Hong Kong a frequent stop for resting troops in the Asian region. It was considered one of the neutral zones not affected by the communists despite all the political riots taking place.

Resource
The main source of water in Hong Kong was China. A contract was signed in 1964 when Hong Kong purchased 15,000 gallons of water a day drawn from China's East river. When political turmoil came to Hong Kong, China turned off the supply periodically and caused water shortages. Rationing was imposed by the government.

title: 1960s in Hong Kong


text: File:Prince Rave.jpg

title: File:Prince Rave.jpg


text:
Deborah Kaplan

Deborah Kaplan (born November 11, 1970) is an American screenwriter and film director.

Early life
Kaplan was born and raised in Abington, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Abington Senior High School, which served as the setting for the script she wrote for the film, Can’t Hardly Wait.

Kaplan attended the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University (NYU). While there she met her creative partner Harry Elfont. They have since written several films together, and directed both Can't Hardly Wait starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, Ethan Embry and Seth Green and Josie and the Pussycats, which featured Rachael Leigh Cook, Tara Reid, Rosario Dawson and Alan Cumming.

Personal life
Kaplan married actor Breckin Meyer on October 14, 2001. They have two daughters together. The couple's separation and subsequent divorce was announced in 2012.

title: Deborah Kaplan


text:
Talk:Korean numerals

Numerals
Are these numerals, or just number-words? Is there a special set of symbols for numbers unique to Korean usage?
 * A valid point. -- Visviva 04:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * But actually if the article Numeral is any guide, number-words are also a form of numeral. There are also other articles that follow this convention, such as Romanian numerals and English-language numerals... -- Visviva 04:51, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * "numeral" means "symbol representing a number", not "number-word". This article is definitely misnamed. It is true that a few other wikipedia articles make the same mistake, but it is definitely an error. The page on Japanese numerals is mostly about numerals but digresses into number-words a bit, while the page on Chinese numerals deals exclusively with the symbols. I think that it would be a good thing to clear up this confusion both by giving the articles correct titles and where necessary splitting content into a "number" article and a "numeral" article. The way it is is misleading to people looking for information and makes it look like topics are covered that in some cases have not been.Bill 00:08, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Origin of Native Korean numerals
Hi, I read from somewhere that Native Korean numerals were borrowed/resembles numerals from other languages. Is this true? Alex Ng 02:03, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Borrowed? I'd be interested to see the source for that. -- Visviva 04:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Then why is it called native Korean numerals? No other countries or civilization used native Korean numerals other than Korean themselves.--Korsentry 06:03, 7 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by KoreanSentry (talk • contribs)

Higher numbers
Can we get a source for these? If they're real -- and I know I've at least heard of gyeong --, they must have been invented by someone. -- Visviva 04:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Web sources tend to use 1052 for 항하사 and 1068 for 무량대수, but my dictionary uses 1056 for 항하사 and increases the gaps by 108. --Kjoonlee 03:53, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Numerals (sic)
Printed numerals look pretty much the way they do in the U.S. Many of the same fonts are used. Here are some popular fonts provided by HanWord, the popular South Korean program roughly equivalent to MSW Word: 1234567890 HY동녘M 1234567890 굴림 1234567890 HY엽서L 1234567890 피노키오M 1234567890 궁서. (I hope these fonts are accurately depicted here: I pasted them from HanWord.)

On calenders and other public printing, the numeral two is a flipped five (i.e., a semi-circle is connected with a vertical bar to a horizontal bar at the base).

In hand-written numerals, a seven has a long bar slanting down almost like a German one, or it can be drawn with a vertical bar on the left (as much as a third or quarter of the height of the main bar) going up to the horizontal bar. Nine is occasionally drawn with the buble on the right of the straight vertical bar (instead of on the left as in U.S. hand-numbering). Four can be written with a vertical bar on the left, a slanting bar or, a slanting closing bar (as in the computer font four. Eight is some-times written as one circle above another.

In presenting most numbers larger than 999 and practically always when the numbers are larger than 10,000, commas are placed after every three digits. For example: 1,234,567,890 representes one billion, etc. Thus, the commas do not reflect the counting system (ones/tnes/hundreds/thousands/ten-thousands etc.).

Maybe some of this should be incorporated into the article. kdammers. 5 June 2007. 20:42 Korea time.

NUMBER USAGE:

It should be noted that the two number systems generally follow the abstract/concrete form structure. For example, Hana, Dul, Set (1,2,3) would be used for indicating time; Han Se (1:00 o'clock), where Il, E, Som (1,2,3) would be used for counting objects. When referring to people, you would use the abstract form; Han Saram (one person). As with all languages, there will be exceptions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Charlie0513 (talk • contribs) 20:31, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

I Have Heard of Other Systems
Number names -- From my wife's friends and associates I have heard the there was also a system of numbers that was very old (predating hana, dul, set, net) that began with kap or gap for 1 and ul for 2. Does anyone know anything about that system that could be added to the article?

Numerals -- Calenders sometimes have a different symbol for 20 (A vertical line with two horizontal lines crossing it, pronounced something like sarak.) Does any one have any information about that and, if so, could it be added to the article?

 * JimCubb (talk) 06:19, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Answering to your question: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_stem --158.109.1.9 (talk) 11:11, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Notes in section "Numerals (Cardinal)"
Yes... Where're the notes? They seem to be missing. -" Simon OrJ "(U/T/C) 01:58, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The notes exist, but when the link is clicked on the Numerals section, it doesn't get me down to the Notes section. -" Simon OrJ "(U/T/C) 02:06, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

Written as numbers
The article needs to explain what happens when numbers are written as numerals (1, 2, 3) instead of number words (one, two, three). It sounds like from the comments above, Korean uses Arabic numbers with commas every three digits instead of every two or four? That seems somewhat inconsistent, as Indian numerals are written as they are spoken if using the South Asian numbering system. Perhaps sometimes the European system is used for both numerals and words instead of the myriad system? -- Beland (talk) 21:36, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Korean numerals


text: File:Prince Rave In2.jpg

title: File:Prince Rave In2.jpg


text: User talk:69.209.62.194

title: User talk:69.209.62.194


text:
User talk:Kasper Gutman

.

Lesch-Nyhan
Hey KG - sorry to disapoint you, but sophists don't actually have any kind of shame. That is to say, there IS an explanation given for obvious human design flaws - the Fall (religion. Defects are the price we pay for original sin. Hokey, I know, but... it's an explanation. Graft 16:11, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Guidelines
Please don't move various Wikipedia namespace articles just because you think the word "guideline" should be used. This is not the conventional naming scheme and I disagree with the moves. Had you discussed them and garnered support I would not have undone them. violet/riga (t) 22:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Kasper Baby7, there is a wide wonderful life outside of Google! Just do a few lines, crank up the K.C. and the Sunshine Band, configure your flaps, ease the throttle into full thrust and take off into the wide blue yondah baby!!Wiki brah 17:14, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kasper Gutman


text: File:Prince Rainbow.jpg

title: File:Prince Rainbow.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Repertoire

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 11:01, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Repertoire
Just a dicdef. Already one more rigorous at Wiktionary. Denni ☯ 04:47, 2005 July 17 (UTC)
 * Abstain We're to vote on dictionary definitions? --Wetman 05:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef and not expandable to some other form. Already done by Wiktionary. -Splash 07:27, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Kappa 11:14, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per User:Splash --malathion talk 14:24, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with Splash james gibbon  15:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Splash. Dcarrano 17:55, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete yep, just a dicdef. Friday 20:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. JamesBurns 07:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1998 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Ong Teng Cheong
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * 1 January –
 * NewsRadio 938, a news radio station, starts broadcasting.
 * The Films and Publications Department (FPD) is set up as part of the Ministry of Information and the Arts.
 * 2 January – The Tuas section of the Ayer Rajah Expressway opens in conjunction with the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link.
 * 15 January – Singapore and United States announce agreement for US ships to use the newly opened Changi Naval Base.
 * 18 January – Republic Plaza is officially opened as City Developments Limited's (CDL) flagship building. Standing at 280 metres, it joins UOB Plaza and OUB Centre (present-day One Raffles Place) as Singapore's tallest buildings until Guoco Tower's completion in 2016, which is 290 metres.

February

 * 2 February – Singapore-based Asia Business News completes its on-air merger with CNBC Asia.
 * 10 February – The designs for Expo and Changi Airport stations are unveiled as part of the Changi Airport Extension Line.
 * 21 February – The last section of the Seletar Expressway is officially opened.
 * 27 February – Party political films are banned after amendments to the Films Act are passed. The amended law also toughens penalties for distribution of pornography, protects minors from pornography and expands 'films' to cover digital films. Censorship procedures will be streamlined into Films and Publications Department in MITA from 1 April.
 * 28 February – The Ministry of Education launches the Learning Journeys programme for students to learn about Singapore outside the classroom.

March

 * 3 March – The Singapore Immigration and Registration (SIR) Building (now the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority Building) is officially opened. During the opening, several new initiatives are announced, which are "Citizen Services Centre" handling passports, NRICs and citizenship applications, as well as same-day NRIC collection instead of a seven-day period previously. In addition, the blue IC and Re-Entry Permit will soon be combined, doing away with the need for separate REP applications by the end of this year. Services will also be enhanced to better serve foreigners.
 * 14 March – The Treetops Trail is officially opened at the Singapore Zoo, giving young children the chance to learn about ecosystems.
 * 21 March – The Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) is officially launched. The system allows a faster response to accidents and informs drivers about current traffic conditions, which will be available on all expressways from 2000. The system is completely rolled out in 2001.
 * 23 March – Kallang Gasworks ceases operation after operating continuously for 137 years except during the world wars. The facility is subsequently demolished.
 * 28 March – The new Changi General Hospital is officially opened.

April

 * 1 April –
 * The Electronic Road Pricing, a traffic control scheme begins operations.
 * The Ministry of Manpower is formed to better support workers, replacing the previous Ministry of Labour. The move is first announced on 24 February.
 * Singapore Immigration and the National Registration Department have combined to form the Singapore Immigration and Registration (present-day Immigration and Checkpoints Authority), handling both citizenship and immigration matters in Singapore.
 * 15 April – The Singapore Film Commission is established to support local films.
 * 18 April – The Malaysia–Singapore Second Link is officially opened.
 * 23 April – The Telecommunications Authority of Singapore announced that StarHub is awarded a licence to operate both a Public Basic Telephone Service (PBTS) and Public Cellular Mobile Telephone Service (PCMTS). In addition, P2P is awarded only a PCMTS licence. These services will be launched by 1 April 2000, with full liberalisation of telecommunication services in 2002.

May

 * 17 May – Jack Neo releases his very first movie, Money No Enough, that starred Neo, himself together with Mark Lee and Henry Thia.
 * 22 May – In the Taw Cheng Kong case, for the first time in Singapore's history the High Court strikes down a statutory provision as unconstitutional, holding that it is inconsistent with Article 12(1) of the Constitution. (The decision is reversed by the Court of Appeal later that year.)
 * 25 May – Edwin Siew and Khoo Swee Chiow successfully conquer Mount Everest as part of the Singapore Everest Team, following a failed attempt on 19 May. This makes it the first Singapore team to climb Mount Everest.

June

 * 12 June – The Marina MRT line is announced, which will be 13 km long and have 20 stations. It was to have been completed in 2004, but it merged as Stage 1 of the Circle MRT line in 2001. In addition, another 46 trains will be bought, with 25 for the North East MRT line, five for Changi Airport Line (CAL) and 16 more for the North South and East West lines.

July

 * 1 July
 * Four Seas Bank merges with OCBC Bank.
 * 24 July – The Ministry of Finance announced the acquisition of POSBank by DBS Bank in a push to consolidate Singapore's banks into stronger banks, as well as cater to changing consumer profiles. The acquisition will make DBS Bank the largest Southeast Asian bank and largest retail bank in Singapore with S$93 billion in assets. The POSBank brand will be retained too. The acquisition is completed on 16 November 1998.

August

 * August – Raintree Pictures is launched.
 * 1 August – The Woodlands Train Checkpoint is opened.
 * 4 August – A new jetty and suspension bridge is officially opened in Tanjong Rhu. This makes it the first suspension bridge to be built in Singapore.
 * 21 August – A road interchange to link the Pan Island Expressway and Tampines Expressway is officially opened.
 * 26 August – SingTel successfully launches Singapore's first commercial satellite, ST-1, into orbit following a lift-off from Kourou, French Guiana.

September

 * 3 September – Saving Private Ryan becomes the first film in Singapore to be rated NC-16.
 * 5 September – The Singapore national football team wins the 1998 Tiger Cup, winning Vietnam with a 1–0.
 * 15 September – During TechVenture 98, it is announced that a Science Hub will be built in Buona Vista (now known as one-north), costing about S$5b with a completion time of 15 years.
 * 16 September – The Singapore Story, the first volume of Lee Kuan Yew's memoirs is launched.
 * 30 September – The HDB Centre starts construction as part of the Estate Renewal Strategy for Toa Payoh, first announced in 1995. The centre, which will serve as the Housing and Development Board, is completed in 2002.

October

 * 5 October – SembCorp is formed from a merger between Singapore Technologies Industrial Corporation and Sembawang Corporation, first announced on 1 June.
 * 12 October – FM 96.3 – The International Channel (renamed to XFM 96.3) is launched as a radio station for expatriates.

November

 * November – Causeway Point opens to the public.
 * 4 November – Johns Hopkins Medicine and the then National Science and Technology Board (NSTB) established Johns Hopkins Singapore (JHS), which consisted of separate clinical and research units.
 * 27 November – Singapore aims to qualify in the FIFA World Cup by 2010, a target known as "Goal 2010".
 * 28 November – The Grassroots Club is officially opened, which will strengthen grassroots engagement in Singapore.

December

 * 4 December – The newly refurbished Plaza Singapura reopens its doors after 18 months of renovations.
 * 26 December – Keppel TatLee Bank is formed after a successful merger between Keppel Bank and Tat Lee Bank.

Date unknown

 * West Mall and Bukit Panjang Plaza are opened.

 * The Paragon shopping centre at Orchard Road is opened.

Births

 * 6 September – Sheryl Ang, Singaporean actress
 * 31 October – Amos Yee, Singaporean convicted offender and former blogger, YouTuber, and child actor

Deaths

 * 6 January – Dini Haryati, murder victim of an unsolved case (b. 1978).
 * 13 January – Iordanka Apostolova, murder victim of Shaiful Edham Adam and Norishyam Mohamed Ali (b. 1972).
 * 18 January – Wang Sa, comedian (b. 1924).
 * 20 April – Sally Poh Bee Eng, murder victim in the Rolex watch murder (b. 1955–1956).
 * 26 April – Halford Boudewyn, long-serving police officer (b. 1921).
 * 10 May – Jaranjeet Singh, murder victim of Saminathan Subramaniam and S. Nagarajan Kuppusamy (b. 1958).
 * 11 August – Ooi Ang Yen, murder victim in the Bukit Merah stabbing (b. 1955).
 * 26 August – Tan Eng Yan, murder victim in the Tampines flat murder (b. 1948).

title: 1998 in Singapore


text:
User:Kasper Gutman

.

title: User:Kasper Gutman


text:
Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario

The Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario (also known as Conseil scolaire catholique Nouvelon and formerly known as French-language Separate District School Board No. 61 prior to 1999 ) is a school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The board is the school district administrator for French language Roman Catholic separate schools in the city of Greater Sudbury and the districts of Sudbury, Manitoulin and Algoma.

The Board adopted its new identity as "Conseil scolaire catholique Nouvelon" in May 2019, while retaining its legal name as Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario.

Secondary

 * Carrefour Options+ (Sudbury)
 * École secondaire catholique Champlain (Chelmsford)
 * École secondaire catholique Franco-Ouest (Espanola)
 * École secondaire catholique l'Horizon (Valley East)
 * École secondaire catholique Jeunesse-Nord (Blind River)
 * Collège Notre-Dame (Sudbury)
 * École secondaire Notre-Dame-du-Sault (Sault Ste. Marie)
 * École secondaire du Sacré-Cœur (Sudbury)
 * École secondaire Saint-Joseph (Wawa)
 * École secondaire catholique Trillium (Chapleau)

Elementary

 * École catholique Alliance-St-Joseph (Chelmsford)
 * École Félix-Ricard (Sudbury)
 * École Georges-Vanier (Elliot Lake)
 * École Jean-Paul II (Val Caron)
 * École Notre-Dame (Hanmer)
 * École Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci (Coniston)
 * École Notre-Dame-du-Sault (Sault Ste. Marie)
 * École Sacré-Cœur (Chapleau)
 * École St-Antoine (Noëlville)
 * École St-Augustin (Garson)
 * École St-Charles Borromée (St. Charles)
 * École St-Denis (Sudbury)
 * École St-Dominique (Sudbury)
 * École St-Étienne (Dowling)
 * École Saint-Joseph, (Blind River)
 * École St-Joseph (Hanmer)
 * École St-Joseph (Sudbury)
 * École St-Joseph (Dubreuilville)
 * École Saint-Joseph (Espanola)
 * École Saint-Joseph (Wawa)
 * École St-Paul (Lively)
 * École St-Pierre (Sudbury)
 * École St-Thomas (Warren)
 * École Saint Nom de Jésus (Hornepayne)
 * École Sainte-Anne (Spanish)
 * École Ste-Marie (Azilda)
 * École Ste-Thérèse (Val Thérèse)


text:
Talk:Fenrir Greyback

This article should be merged with Minor Dark wizards in Harry Potter.
 * I've been bold and done just that! Sonic Mew | talk to me 19:38, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fenrir Greyback


text:
1997 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1997 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Ong Teng Cheong
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * January –
 * The Singapore Kindness Movement is officially launched.
 * 2 January – In the 1997 General Election, the People's Action Party team led by Goh Chok Tong won 81 out of 83 seats (including 47 uncontested seats) with a vote share of 65.0%. The opposition won the remaining two, with one seat going to the Workers' Party and the Singapore People's Party winning the other seat. Meanwhile, the Singapore Democratic Party lost all three seats.
 * 18 January - Eastpoint Mall was officially opened by Minister for National Development Lim Hng Kiang.
 * 25 January – Temasek Polytechnic's new campus is officially opened.

February

 * 1 February – 3 new cinemas were opened:
 * Studio City Cinemas Central Mall,
 * Studio City Cinemas Eastpoint and,
 * White Sands Cineplex, managed by Eng Wah Organisation.
 * 15 February –
 * The Battle Box museum is officially opened.
 * The Toa Payoh Hospital and Changi Hospital are closed and merged into New Changi Hospital.
 * 24 February – The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has launched the Home Team concept, which aims to strengthen collaboration between agencies of MHA.

March

 * 1 March – The National Dental Centre Singapore starts operations.
 * 7 March – The Senoko Gasworks officially opened. That facility replaced Kallang Gasworks (which closed in 1998).

April

 * 1 April – M1 launches cellular services. It is the second telco after SingTel.
 * 14 April – Neptune Orient Lines announced that it will buy APL Logistics in a merger.
 * 21 April – The Asian Civilisations Museum is officially opened.

May

 * 17 May – National Education is launched to encourage national cohesion and national identity.
 * 19 May – SingPost launches the SAM machines, allowing people to buy stamps on the go.
 * 30 May – The Singapore Expo starts construction to replace World Trade Centre Halls 1 and 2, first announced on 24 July 1996. The MTI will appoint PSA to run the centre.

June

 * June – A new standard for grading food stalls is launched, with hygiene, cleanliness and housekeeping standards taken into account. There are four grades, mainly A, B, C and D.
 * 2 June – The Ministry of Education unveiled a new strategy known as 'Thinking Schools, Learning Nation'. The new strategy aims to encourage lifelong learning and creativity.
 * 9 June – The Singapore ONE broadband network is launched with new interactive features, making Singapore the first country in the world to have such a system. The network is launched commercially in 1998.
 * 12 June – 12 Storeys, a local films, is released in cinemas. It becomes the first-ever Singapore film to be shown during the Cannes Film Festival.
 * 25 June – Changi Business Park is launched by JTC.

July

 * July – Singapore slips into recession during the Asian financial crisis.
 * 21 July – Racial Harmony Day is celebrated for the first time, commemorating the 1964 Race Riots.
 * 22 July – Suntec City, a mixed-use development with a convention centre officially opened.
 * 28 July – Dover MRT station is announced to link commuters to Singapore Polytechnic, with completion by 2001.

August

 * 2 August – The Esplanade Bridge and the Nicoll Highway extension is opened to traffic, after its official opening held the day before.
 * 5 August – The Land Transport Authority awards SMRT the licence to operate the Bukit Panjang LRT line due to its experience with the MRT.
 * 20 August – A landmark appeal of Abdul Nasir Amer Hamsah led to the definition of life imprisonment to change from "life" to "natural life" from the day after 20 August 1997 onwards for future offences. At that time before 20 August 1997, life imprisonment in Singapore was defined as a jail term of 20 years, entitled with the usual practice of one-third remission for good behaviour. Chief Justice Yong Pung How, in the Court of Appeal, also decided that life imprisonment should be considered as a term of incarceration for the remainder of a convicted prisoner's natural life, with the possibility of parole after serving at least 20 years.

September

 * 2 September – Senoko Fishing Port starts operations, moving from Punggol for the construction of Punggol New Town. It officially opened on 6 December.
 * 3 September – Construction starts on the Automobile Megamart, a car hub in Ubi.
 * 12 September – Raffles Medical Group and Pidemco Land (now CapitaLand) formed a joint-venture company to convert Blanco Court into a hospital, which is the second-largest private hospital in Singapore. The hospital will be later known as Raffles Hospital.
 * 15 September – Singapore Airlines launches KrisWorld, the world's first airline to have an inflight system.
 * 18 September – The haze came to Singapore, which caused the Pollutant Standards Index to reach a record of 226 then (since surpassed by 401 during the June 2013 haze).
 * 19 September – The Ministry of the Environment announced a haze management plan. In it, schools and sports complexes will shut when the Pollutant Standards Index reaches past 300. Sirens will sound when levels reach past 400.

October

 * October –
 * Great World City opens to the public.
 * Cathay Cineleisure Orchard opens on the former site of Orchard Cinema.
 * 1 October –
 * PSA Corporation (present-day PSA International) is formed as a result of corporatisation of port activities.
 * The Community Involvement Programme is launched.
 * 10 October – The new KK Women's and Children's Hospital building is officially opened.

November

 * 8 November – The first i-Weekly issue is published.
 * 12 November – SBS Limited is now known as DelGro Corporation (present day ComfortDelGro).
 * 15 November – SingTel launches Magix, a broadband network.
 * 17 November – The Ayer Rajah Expressway extension to Tuas is officially opened, formed by the expansion of Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim into an expressway. The route will cater for the opening of the Second Link in 1998.
 * 19 November – The Singapore Tourism Promotion Board is renamed the Singapore Tourism Board.
 * 25 November – Construction of the North East MRT line starts. In addition, the Land Transport Authority has been conducting studies on potential MRT extensions.

December

 * 8 December – ST Engineering was created from a merger of four companies, namely ST Aerospace, ST Electronics, ST Kinetics and ST Marine. The merger was announced earlier on 28 August.
 * 19 December – SilkAir Flight 185 crashes into Musi River near Palembang, Sumatra, killing all 104 people on board.
 * 31 December –
 * The National Arts Council launched Passion 99.5FM, a radio station focused on the arts.
 * After Form Music Publication Pte Ltd and Form Records Co Ltd was officially closing ceremony "grand closing" in Singapore and Hong Kong (closing on 30 June 1997 at 11:59:59pm) and was officially replaced to new opening ceremony "grand opening" at Form Records Sdn Bhd based in Kuala Lumpur (capital of Malaysia).
 * After Suwah Records Pte Ltd and Suwah Records Co Ltd was officially closing ceremony "grand closing" in Singapore and Hong Kong (closing on 30 June 1997 at 11:59:59pm) and was officially replaced to new opening ceremony "grand opening" at Suwah Enterprise Sdn Bhd based in Kuala Lumpur (capital of Malaysia).

Date unknown

 * Hougang Mall and Anchorpoint are opened.

Births

 * 24 January – Samantha Yeo, swimmer
 * 24 December – Marina Chan, swimmer

Deaths

 * 12 March – Tan Tiong Huat, murder victim of Lim Thian Lai (b. 1954).
 * 13 March – Sivapackiam Veerappan Rengasamy, murder victim in the Kallang landlady murder (b. 1944).
 * 26 March – Lloyd Valberg, sole competitor for 1948 Summer Olympics (b. 1922).
 * 20 June – Philip Low, murder victim in the Duck Den murder (b. 1932).
 * 12 October – Lee Chin Koon, storekeeper for Shell, father of Lee Kuan Yew (b. 1903).
 * 19 December – Bonny Hicks, model and writer (b. 1968).

title: 1997 in Singapore


text:
1996 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1996 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Ong Teng Cheong
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * 1 January – The old laminated NRICs are no longer valid for identification in Singapore.
 * 2 January – The Land Transport Authority releases the White Paper on A World Class Land Transport System, setting out plans to improve land transport in Singapore.
 * 19 January – Minister for Communications Mah Bow Tan announced the immediate construction of the North East MRT line during the parliamentary debate on the White Paper on A World Class Land Transport System, initially targeted by December 2002. However, automation problems pushed back the date to 20 June 2003.
 * 20 January – The Singapore Art Museum is officially opened.

February

 * 2 February – The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore is formed from a merger between the Marine Department (under the then Ministry of Communications), National Maritime Board and the Regulatory departments of the former Port of Singapore Authority (PSA). This helps to streamline maritime operations.
 * 9 February – Tampines Mall is officially opened.
 * 10 February –
 * The Woodlands extension of the North South MRT line opens. On the same day, the Bukit Panjang LRT line is announced, with completion in 1999. The Buona Vista LRT line will not go ahead as it is unfeasible, even with a new funding arrangement used. A new Customs, Immigration and Quarantine Checkpoint for the Malayan Railway will be built in Woodlands as well, in preparation for a train network linking Asia, particularly with Malaysia.
 * Woodlands Regional Bus Interchange opens as Singapore's first underground bus interchange.

March

 * 4 March – 16 stations will be built on the 20 km North East MRT line. Construction will start in the middle of 1997 and will finish by 2002. All the stations will be finished by then except for Sennett (present day Potong Pasir), Woodleigh and Punggol, which will open when the surrounding areas develop.
 * 5 March – The Singapore Gamma Knife Centre is officially opened. The centre, a privately owned facility, uses gamma knife for brain surgeries, resulting in less pain than conventional brain surgery, as well as a much safer alternative.
 * 10 March – Several bus services running parallel to the Woodlands MRT extension were either withdrawn or amended.
 * 16 March – The first bendy bus is officially launched by Trans Island Bus Services.
 * 22 March – Cyberway Internet is officially launched as Singapore's third ISP.

April

 * 1 April – The Singapore Productivity and Standards Board (renamed SPRING Singapore) is formed from the merger of three agencies, namely National Productivity Board (NPB), Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research (SISIR) and the SME development function of the Economic Development Board (EDB). The agency aimed to encourage productivity and growth in the economy.
 * 6 April – The Gleneagles Hospital is officially opened.
 * 14 April – The S.League, a professional tournament, is launched.

May

 * 2 May – The Advance Medical Directive Act is passed to allow people to apply for a Directive should they not want to continue treatment. The law came into effect in 1997.
 * 11 May – The Government announced that it will end SingTel's monopoly on the mobile network by 2000 as part of a move to start competition in the telecoms industry.
 * 21 May – A debate happened in Parliament over the HPL saga.

June

 * 20 June – The National Youth Centre and Youth Park are officially launched.
 * 24 June – The Singapore Chinese Orchestra is launched as Singapore's second orchestra.

July

 * 1 July – The National Parks Board (NParks) is formed, building on the vision of a 'City in a Garden'.
 * 5 July – Plans to replace the Causeway are announced by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.
 * 12 July – In response to mobile liberalisation, a sum of $1.5 billion is approved as compensation to SingTel for the early end of its monopoly.
 * 20 July – New finger piers are opened in Changi Airport's Terminal 2.
 * 24 July – The Tourism 21 plan is unveiled.

August

 * August – Lot One opens to the public.
 * 11 August – Construction starts on The Esplanade, which will enhance the arts in Singapore.
 * 18 August –
 * Plans to develop Punggol are announced known as Punggol 21. The town will incorporate residential areas, clustered community areas linked up by an LRT system. However, the plan did not fully materialise after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, low demand of flats and construction troubles plagued the project.
 * On the same day, the formation of Community Development Councils (CDCs) are announced, which numbered nine in 1997.

September

 * 3 September – The third phase of the Tampines Expressway opens. More roads are planned for upgrading and widening, including on stretches of the Pan Island Expressway and East Coast Parkway, the PIE/TPE flyover and Upper Bukit Timah Road. The ERP system is still being tested.
 * 27 September – The Sengkang LRT line is unveiled during a ceremony to start construction on the Bukit Panjang LRT line, to be completed by 1999.
 * 28 September – Construction starts on the Opera Estate Drainage Scheme to relieve floods in the area, targeted for completion by 2000.

October

 * 18 October – St Luke's Hospital is officially opened in Bukit Batok, being the first hospital to cater for the elderly. The hospital also has inpatient rehabilitation facilities and long-term residential care services as well.
 * 19 October – The Cantonment Complex (now Police Cantonment Complex) starts construction. It will have state-of-the-art features, housing the Central Narcotics Bureau, Criminal Investigation Department and Central Police Division, strengthening cooperation between the agencies. The building will retain the historic Fairfield Methodist Girls' school as an anti-crime and drug education and exhibition centre, and covered walkways will be built for comfort. The Complex is completed in 2001.

November

 * 8 November – SingTel opens the new Telepark building in Tampines as a state-of-the-arts telecommunications facility.
 * 15 November
 * The Changi Airport Extension Line (CGL) is announced to serve Changi Airport, with another station in future. The extension will be finished by 2001.
 * Eastpoint Mall's soft opening to the public.
 * 16 November – The Selegie Arts Centre is officially opened.
 * 23 November – The S'pore Discovery Centre is officially opened.
 * 26 November – The CashCard is officially launched.

December

 * 2 December – The Government announced the building of Terminal 3 in Changi Airport to handle more passengers, with completion initially targeted by 2004. However, several crises have delayed the project, which started operating on 9 January 2008. An airport hotel is also considered for travellers, which is ultimately built as Crowne Plaza Changi Airport.
 * 5 December – The SCORE Counselling Centre is officially opened, in operation since 1995. The centre aims to help drug addicts steer clear of drugs.
 * 9–13 December – The World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1996 took place in Singapore, the first Ministerial Conference to be held.
 * 23 December – Nomination day for 1997 General Election: The People's Action Party wins 47 uncontested seats and hence returns to power.
 * Christmas Day – After post officially new location to new opening ceremony "grand opening" at new office, new power, new transmission, new building, new headquarters, new neighbouring, new tower, new icon and new complete new Form Building, Tampines, Singapore completed enjoy shortly term to Form Music Publication Pte Ltd, Form Records Co Ltd and Form Records Sdn Bhd based in Singapore, British Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur (capital of Malaysia) with ABC English for Children Let's Learn About Volume 5 very start begin debut first active time from to Hong Han Lin (洪汉麟) as officially new producer and producer very start, begin, inauguration and opening time so after officially new location to new opening ceremony "grand opening" at new office, new power, new transmission, new building, new headquarters, new neighbouring, new tower, new icon and new complete new Thomson Road Baptist Kindergarten and Croco Kids location area the start debut begin.

Date unknown

 * The Fort Canning Aquarium closes.

Births

 * 12 January – Adam Swandi, footballer
 * 20 February – Zong Zijie, actor
 * 19 March – Tyler Ten, Singaporean actor
 * 14 May – Herman Keh, Singaporean actor
 * 20 September – Shanti Pereira, track and field athlete.
 * 29 September – Quah Zheng Wen, swimmer.
 * 27 October – Hannah Delisha, actress and singer
 * 5 November – Zhai Siming, Singapore based actor

Deaths

 * 5 February – Lim Chin Siong, trade union leader and politician (b. 1933).
 * 13 March – T. T. Rajah, short time Secretary General of the PAP (b. 1919).
 * 23 May – Benny Probocemdana Oen, murder victim in the Pacific Plaza stabbing (b. 1958).
 * 26 August – Neo Lam Lye, murder victim in the Bedok Reservoir flat murder (b. 1986–1987).
 * 14 September – E. J. H. Corner, botanist and Assistant Director of Singapore Botanic Gardens (b. 1906).
 * 4 October – Phang Ai Looi, murder victim of Kwan Cin Cheng (b. 1973).
 * 4 December – Albert Winsemius, economic advisor (b. 1910).

title: 1996 in Singapore


text:
B. V. Doshi

Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi OAL (બાલકૃષ્ણ વિઠ્ઠલદાસ દોશી; 26 August 1927 –24 January 2023) was an Indian architect. He is an important figure in Indian architecture and noted for his contributions to the evolution of architectural discourse in India. Having worked under Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn, he was a pioneer of modernist and brutalist architecture in India.

His noteworthy designs include FLAME University, IIM Bangalore, IIM Udaipur, NIFT Delhi, Amdavad ni Gufa, CEPT University, and the Aranya Low Cost Housing development in Indore for which was awarded the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.

In 2018, he became the first Indian architect to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize. He was also awarded the Padma Shri, the Padma Bhushan, the Padma Vibhushan, and the Royal Institute of British Architects' Royal Gold Medal for 2022.

Early life
Doshi was born to a Gujarati Vaishnav Hindu family in Pune. His mother died when he was 10 months old and his father remarried, with his grandfather and aunts helping raise him. At the age of eleven, he was injured in a fire accident, and thereafter walked with a slight limp. He studied at the Sir J. J. School of Art in Mumbai between 1947 and 1950.

Early projects
In 1950, he went to Europe. He worked closely with Le Corbusier on the latter's projects in Paris between 1951 and 1954. In 1954, he returned to India to supervise Corbusier's buildings in Ahmedabad, which included the Villa Sarabhai, Villa Shodhan, Mill Owners' Association Building, and Sanskar Kendra. Corbusier is described as having been a major influence on Doshi's later work.

His studio, Vastu-Shilpa (environmental design), was established in 1955. Doshi worked closely with Louis Kahn and Anant Raje, when Kahn designed the campus of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. In 1958 he was a fellow at the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. He then started the School of Architecture (S.A) in 1962.

Bimanagar
Bimanagar Housing Society, located at Ahmedabad is one of the well-known project by Shri B.V Doshi. He once said, "One of my most favourite housing projects is the one I designed for Life Insurance Corporation, at Ahmedabad. Here I knew that the houses would be occupied by several generations of the same family, that they would identify with it, that there will be a strong sense of belonging and that their needs will change, and they may modify parts of it.”

Teaching
Apart from his international fame as an architect, Doshi is equally known for having been an educator and institution builder. He was the founding director of the School of Architecture, Ahmedabad (1962–72), founding director of the School of Planning (1972–79), founding dean of the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (1972–81), founding member of the Visual Arts Centre, Ahmedabad, and founding director of the Kanoria Centre for Arts, Ahmedabad.

Doshi was instrumental in establishing the nationally- and internationally-known research institute Vastu-Shilpa Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design. The institute has performed pioneering work in low-cost housing and city planning. He is noteworthy for his pioneering work on low-income housing, and for his designs that incorporate concepts of sustainability in innovative ways.

Media
In 2008, Hundredhands director Premjit Ramachandran released a documentary interviewing Doshi. He appeared as himself in Mani Ratnam's O Kadhal Kanmani and Shaad Ali's Ok Jaanu.

Style
Doshi said that he had been inspired by historic Indian monuments, as well as the work of European and American architects.

Personal life and death
Doshi married Kamala Parikh in 1955. They had three daughters – Tejal, Radhika, and Maneesha. Tejal Panthaki is a textile designer, Radhika Kathpalia is an architect and fashion designer, and Maneesha Akkitham is a painter.

Doshi died in Ahmedabad, Gujarat on 24 January 2023, at age 95.

Recognition
Doshi was a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects and sat on the selection committee for the Pritzker Prize, the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, and the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. He was also a fellow of the Indian Institute of Architects.

Doshi's work on the reunification of Indian and English heritages through his practice was awarded a Global Award for Sustainable Architecture in 2007, the award's first edition. The award recognized Doshi's significant step in the direction of an alternative development model.

In March 2018, Doshi was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the Nobel equivalent for the field, thus becoming the first Indian to receive the honour. The Pritzker jury announced that Doshi "has always created an architecture that is serious, never flashy or a follower of trends", and noted his "deep sense of responsibility and a desire to contribute to his country and its people through high quality, authentic architecture".

 * Padma Vibhushan (posthumous), Government of India, 2023
 * Royal Gold Medal, Royal Gold Medal for Architecture, Government of United Kingdom, 2022
 * Padma Bhushan, Government of India, 2020
 * Dhirubhai Thakar Savyasachi Saraswat Award, 2017
 * Pritzker Architecture Prize, 2018
 * Global Award for Sustainable Architecture, 2007 (first edition)
 * Padma Shri, Government of India, 1976
 * Honorary doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania
 * Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters, France, 2011
 * 6th Aga Khan Award for Architecture for Aranya Community Housing, 1993–1995

Buildings

 * 1962 – Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad
 * 1966 – Centre for Environment and Planning Technology (CEPT), Ahmedabad
 * 1967 – Tagore Memorial Hall, Ahmedabad
 * 1972 – ECIL Township, Hyderabad.
 * 1973 – IFFCO township, Kalol
 * 1976 – Premabhai Hall, Ahmedabad
 * 1977 – Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore
 * 1979 – Sangath, B. V. Doshi's office, Ahmedabad
 * 1979 – Shakti Bhavan, Administrative Office of M. P. Electricity Board, Jabalpur
 * 1979 – Mahatma Gandhi Labour Institute
 * 1982 – Aranya Low Cost Housing, Indore
 * 1984 – Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur
 * 1989 – National Institute of Fashion Technology, Delhi
 * 1990 – Amdavad ni Gufa, Ahmedabad
 * 1997 – Sawai Gandharva Smarak, Pune
 * 2002 – Udayan the Condoville, Udita (HIG), Utsav (MIG) Utsarg (LIG) 2500 homes, Kolkata

title: B. V. Doshi


text:
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text: User talk:24.109.243.169

title: User talk:24.109.243.169


text:
1995 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1995 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Ong Teng Cheong
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * 26 January – BBC's news bureau in Singapore officially launched at 7:00:00pm GMT/Friday, 3:00:00am SGT/Saturday 27 January.

February

 * 26 February – Britain's oldest merchant bank Barings Bank collapses due to Briton Nick Leeson's trading activities, losing $1.4 billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange, primarily using futures contracts. He was arrested on 23 November after fleeing Singapore for 272 days. Subsequently, Nick Leeson plead guilty to two out of three charges of forgery and eight charges of cheating. He was sentenced to 6½ years in prison.

March

 * 1 March – The Family Court is established to settle family disputes effectively.
 * 4 March – The Kranji Expressway is officially opened.
 * 6 March – "Good Morning Singapore (早安您好)" as Singaporean Mandarin first flagship weekday breakfast programmes on TCS Channel 8 began airing live on Monday to Friday from 7:00am SST.
 * 8 March – Briton John Martin murdered South African Gerard George Lowe in River View Hotel, dismembered his body, and disposed of the body parts in the Singapore River. He was found guilty of murder and hanged on 19 April 1996.
 * 10 March – TCS Channel 8 begin its trials of 24-hour broadcasts on Friday and Saturday nights with movies and infomercials throughout the early hours. It would go on to broadcast 24-hours a day on a daily basis almost 5 months later in the same year.
 * 17 March – Filipina domestic worker Flor Contemplacion is hanged on 4 May 1991 for the murder of fellow worker Delia Maga and her four-year-old charge, Nicholas Huang.
 * 26 March – Walt Disney Television's Satellite Facility is officially opened, making it Disney's first international centre. The facility broadcast Disney's programmes to Southeast Asia.

April

 * 27 April – The ST Teleport is launched for telecommunications and broadcasting purposes.
 * End April - IKEA Alexandra store, the first new building adjacent to Queensway Shopping Centre is officially opened.

May

 * 2 May – The first C651 trains are put into operation on the North South and East West lines.
 * 3 May - MTV Southeast Asia, E! Entertainment Television and Hallmark Entertainment Network were officially launched as a Singaporean 24-hour English pay television channel. Both were officially launched at the stroke of midnight Singapore Time with an opening ceremony by Janet Jackson (MTV) and Tyra Banks (Hallmark). The official launch was on the same day that MTV Indonesia officially launched. These channels were the pay-TV channels owned by Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS), under licenses from Viacom (MTV) and Hallmark Entertainment Network's international corporation (Hallmark). MTV Southeast Asia, E! Entertainment Television and Hallmark Entertainment Network's opening ceremony was broadcast on air from iconic locations; the Padang, Singapore and Changi Airport. MTV Southeast Asia along with its sister channels MTV Indonesia were officially launched on the Palapa C2 digital satellite. E! Entertainment Television and Hallmark Entertainment Network's production facilities were in Singapore. This marked the return of MTV in Asia after the officially delete and removed of the channel on the STAR TV Network.
 * MTV Southeast Asia was officially launched as a 24-hour English-language music channel broadcast from Singapore seen throughout Southeast Asia in territories including Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. At the same time, MTV Southeast Asia along with sister channel MTV Indonesia was officially launched on the Palapa C2 digital satellite.
 * E! Entertainment Television was officially launched as Singaporean 24-hour English pay television channel, owned by Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) under license from Time Warner Communications. It was broadcast from Singapore, airing throughout Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Singapore. E! Entertainment Television was officially launched at stroke of midnight Singapore Time with an opening ceremony by Tyra Banks being a simulcast from Hallmark Entertainment Network. E! Asia was also an Asian version of the American TV channel E! Entertainment which was owned by Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) under license from Time Warner Communications. E!'s launch was celebrated on air from iconic locations; the Padang, Singapore and Changi Airport. E! Asia's production facilities was in Singapore. Among the popular reality shows included Kim Kardashian, Khloé Kardashian and Kourtney Kardashian's Keeping Up with the Kardashians.
 * Hallmark Entertainment Network Asia was officially launched as a Singaporean 24-hour English pay television channel, owned by Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) under license from Hallmark Entertainment. The channel had its headquarters in Singapore, while the channel was broadcast in Southeast Asia. Hallmark Entertainment Network Asia was officially launched at stroke of midnight Singapore Time with a opening ceremony by Tyra Banks. Hallmark Entertainment Network was an Asian version of the international TV brand, Hallmark Entertainment Network, which in turn owned by Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) under license from Hallmark Entertainment. Hallmark Entertainment Network Asia's launch was celebrated on air in iconic locations; the Padang, Singapore and Changi Airport. Hallmark Entertainment Network and E! Entertainment Television's production facilities were in Singapore. Among the popular reality shows aired on the channel were Kim Kardashian, Khloé Kardashian and Kourtney Kardashian's Keeping Up with the Kardashians.
 * 17 May – The Chinese Heritage Centre is officially opened in Nanyang Technological University, showcasing Chinese culture and history.

June

 * 2 June – National Day Ceremony song "My People My Home" is unveiled and announced to be used for the 1995 National Day Parade. Since then, it was planned for the NDP to held at Padang in every five years.
 * 12 June – Dongli 88.3FM (present day 883Jia) is launched as a bilingual radio station by SAFRA.
 * 20 June – CNBC Asia officially formal full opened took place by President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong at 6:00am SGT along with sister channel Asia Business News based at its headquarters in Singapore was originally based in Singapore under Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) after Asia Business News and business bureaus in Jakarta metropolitan area (including Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, North Jakarta, Tangerang and Tangerang Regency), North Sumatra (expect Karo Regency), Batam/Batam Islands (relayed from Singapore and via all Riau and surrounding areas) and Palembang metropolitan area. CNBC Asia was owned by NBCUniversal under Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS) after Asia Business News. Anchors/presenters included Rico Hizon, Bernard Lo, Lorraine Hahn, Sumire Sugimoto, Dalton Tanonaka and Bill Hartley were part of the original CNBC Asia team which includes around 170 Singapore based staff. It adopted similar programmes from its US counterpart, such as The Money Wheel and Business Tonight, but also had a few of its own programmes as well. In addition, from launch the channel broadcast programmes from CNBC Europe during the afternoon and CNBC US overnight.
 * 23 June – Singapore Cable Vision is officially launched as a cable television provider, providing Singaporeans with more entertainment options. The whole cable system is completed in 1998.
 * 24 June – The Ren Ci Hospital is officially opened.
 * 26 June – MTV Southeast Asia's broadcasting centre was officially opened. It had production facilities which broadcast MTV in English heralding a wave of American English music video programmes.

July

 * July – Parco Bugis Junction is opened to the public.
 * 1 July –
 * CityCab starts operations, formed from the merger of three taxi companies, Singapore Airport Bus Service Ltd (SABS), Singapore Bus Service Taxi Pte Ltd (SBS Taxi Pte Ltd) and Singapore Commuter Pte Ltd.
 * The West Coast Barter Trade Centre closes due to declining use.
 * 3 July – TCS opened its lunchtime television news bulletin programmes for both TCS Channel 5 and TCS Channel 8.
 * "News 5 Today" as Singapore English weekday midday and afternoon television news bulletin programmes aired on Monday to Friday from 12:00pm to 12:05pm and 3:00pm to 3:05pm Singapore Time. The bulletins lasted 10 minutes each.
 * "Midday News (午间新闻)" as Singaporean Mandarin weekday midday television news bulletin programmes aired on Monday to Friday at 1:00pm to 1:15pm Singapore Time.

August

 * 1 August – The Seletar Satellite Earth Station is officially opened.
 * 6 August – The UOB Plaza is officially opened. It joins OUB Centre (present-day One Raffles Place) as Singapore's tallest buildings at 280 metres, until Guoco Tower's completion in 2016, which is 290 metres.
 * 9 August (public holiday) – Singapore National Day parade celebrated its thirtieth years of anniversary was slogan and tagline is "My Singapore, My Home" with "30 Years of Nationhood / My Singapore, My Home: A Nation in Harmony" theme, organizer by HQ Armour and held at Padang was officially presidented by President of the Republic of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong and officially prime ministered by Prime Minister of Singapore Goh Chok Tong. Singaporeans celebrate the nation's 30th birthday with the live telecast of the Singapore National Day Parade (NDP) 1995 on Wednesday, 9 August 1995 from 5:30pm to 8:30pm Singapore Time at Padang, Singapore. Singapore television viewers can enjoy the live telecast parade aired on TCS Channel 5, TCS Channel 8 and TV12 Channel 12. The commentary on TCS Channel 5 and TV12 Channel 12 in English, TCS Channel 8 in Mandarin, TV12 Channel 12 in Malay and TCS Channel 8 in Tamil. Those out and about on Singapore National Day Parade to catch the live screening of the Parade on the outdoor digital screens managed by Television Corporation of Singapore at all Singaporean shopping centres. Radio Corporation of Singapore radio stations simulcast the parade live over One FM 90.5, Capital Radio 95.8FM, Warna 942 and Oli 968 from 6:15pm to 8:30pm Singapore Time in English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil respectively officially marked Singapore National Day is celebrated every year on 9 August, in commemoration of Singapore's independence from Malaysia in 1965 as officially national public holiday in Singapore. This holiday features the National Day Parade (NDP), National Day Message by the Prime Minister of Singapore, fireworks celebrations and even advertisements urging Singaporean residents to procreate.
 * 20 August – The Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) is announced to unlock economic value for residential buildings. On the same day, the Executive Condominium scheme is introduced to meet Singaporeans' aspirations for condominium living, which may be too expensive for some.
 * 22 August – Sites located at Boon Tiong Road and Tiong Bahru Road are selected for the first SERS project.
 * 25 August – SAFTI Military Institute is officially opened in Jurong West.
 * 30 August – The Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre (now Suntec) is officially opened.
 * 31 August – News Brief in Mandarin (新闻简报) aired its very final and last edition before becoming a full-fledged Mandarin Chinese channel the next day while the Tamil News (Tamil Seithi) also aired its final edition for this channel beforehand before moving to the newly renamed Prime 12 the next day.

September

 * 1 September –
 * TV12 was officially launching new name as Singapore Television Twelve (STV12) and Channel 12 was officially split into two new free-to-air terrestrial channels such as Prime 12 and Premiere 12 was officially full launched took place on tonight at 8:00:00pm Singapore Time with the first opening launching programme (launched programme) 12 By 12: TV12's Launch Show was officially launched and opening ceremony by Minister for Information and the Arts George Yeo.
 * Channel 12 was officially launching new name becomes Prime 12 after officially turned, shifted and switched language channel to Malay and Tamil channel after Tamil programmes was officially moved from TCS Channel 8 to Prime 12 was officially full launched took place on tonight at 8:00:00pm Singapore Time with the first opening launching programme 12 By 12: TV12's Launch Show simulcast from Premiere 12 after officially launched.
 * All English channel showcasing culture, arts, documentaries, classical music, children preschool and sport programmes officially moved from Channel 12 to new free-to-air terrestrial channel as Premiere 12 was officially full launched took place on tonight at 8:00:00pm Singapore Time with the first opening launching programme 12 By 12: TV12's Launch Show simulcast from Prime 12.
 * Prime 12 officially began turned, shifted and switched news timeslots for both Tamil and Malay television news bulletin programmes.
 * "Tamil News (Tamil Seithi)" was officially launched new extended duration times and time slot such as 30 minutes and aired daily from 7:30pm to 8:00pm Singapore Time before Berita 12.
 * "Berita 12" was officially launched new aired, new schedule, new clock and new time such as aired daily from 8:00pm to 8:30pm Singapore Time after Tamil News (Tamil Seithi) because due to at 8:00pm slot was usually reserved for Malaysian language main flagship television news bulletin programmes on RTM TV1 (Berita Perdana) and TV3 (Buletin Utama).
 * TCS Channel 8 became an full-fledged Mandarin Chinese channel on the same day and became the Singaporean Mandarin first channel to officially broadcast 24-hour on a daily basis after having done so on Friday and Saturday nights since 10 March on the same year marked Television Corporation of Singapore celebrated its first anniversary. A number of revamps for that channel also took place to coincide the major revamp of the STV12 channels on the same day. TCS Channel 8 officially commenced its full 24-hour broadcasts becoming the first channel in Singapore to do so.
 * News in Mandarin was officially renamed from 第八新闻 to become "晚间新闻" and thus becoming the main flagship nightly television news bulletin programmes and aired daily from 10:00pm to 10:30pm Singapore Time marked Television Corporation of Singapore celebrated its first anniversary.
 * The evening news bulletin "Singapore Today (狮城6点半)" made its official first debut opening and filled up the void of the Tamil television news bulletin programmes that moved to Prime 12 on the same day aired daily at 6:30pm to 7:00pm Singapore Time marked Television Corporation of Singapore celebrated its first anniversary.
 * Plans for a new arts radio station were announced at the launch of Prime 12 and Premiere 12.
 * The Land Transport Authority was launched to develop the land transport system in Singapore.
 * The National Library Board was launched to improve libraries in Singapore.
 * The prefix '9' is added to all mobile numbers.
 * A new six-digit postal code system takes effect, replacing the four-digit system used since 1979.
 * 5 September –
 * Pacific Internet starts operations as Singapore's second ISP, after acquiring TechNet on 19 June.
 * Cyberway Internet is awarded an ISP licence, making it Singapore's third Internet operator.
 * 18 September – British children's animated television series based on the books by Sarah Ferguson Budgie the Little Helicopter premieres on TCS Channel 5 with the series being reedited into two episodes.
 * 30 September – TCS Channel 5 officially broadcast 24-hour on the same day so TCS Channel 5 officially commenced its full 24-hour broadcasts becoming the very second channel in Singapore to do so marked Television Corporation of Singapore celebrated its first anniversary.

October

 * 1 October – The Public Utilities Board is reconstituted, resulting in the setting up of Singapore Power (now SP Group).
 * 20 October – The National Orchid Garden was opened.

November

 * 2 November – Parliament passed the Maintenance of Parents Act, a private member's bill introduced by Woon Cheong Ming Walter.
 * 5 November – The second phase of the Seletar Expressway opened.
 * 10 November – Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal is officially opened to enhance ferry links.
 * 13 November – The second series of the British children's animated series Budgie the Little Helicopter begins airing on TCS Channel 5 after several months of airing in its country of origin. However, the episodes were not transmitted in the right order as they when airing in the UK and were shown in a very slightly different order. The first two episodes of the second series of Budgie the Little Helicopter to be shown in Singapore were "Blown Up, Let Down" and "Wally Waddles In". However, the second series were later shown in the right episode order when the series was repeated on Eureka Learning Channel and Kids Central.
 * 25 November – Century Square is officially opened.

December

 * 7 December – Jurong Point opens its doors.
 * 29 December – Nanook the polar bear (of Singapore Zoo) dies at the age of 18.
 * 31 December – After Formatara Prima Sejati and Beijing Form Trading Industrial Corporation was officially closing ceremony "grand closing" in Jakarta and Beijing and was officially new location to new opening ceremony "grand opening" at new office, new power, new transmission, new building, new headquarters, new neighbouring, new tower, new icon and new complete new Form Building, Tampines, Singapore continued to Form Music Publication Pte Ltd, Form Records Co Ltd and Form Records Sdn Bhd based in Singapore, British Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur (capital of Malaysia) after ABC English for Children Let's Learn About Volume 4 the end after the end farewell from clown (xiao chou) performance and Liu Tian Fu producer very final and last time so after Aunty Jo Child Care & Development Centre and NTUC Pasir Ris Resort location area the end.

Births

 * 28 January – He Yingying, Mediacorp actress
 * 16 June – Joseph Schooling, swimmer.
 * 17 June - Chantalle Ng, Mediacorp TV actress
 * 22 June - Amanda Germaine Lee, MADDSpace Senior Vocal Coach.
 * 7 August – Kimberly Chia, actress.
 * 6 September – Seow Sin Nee, actress and host.
 * 14 December - Yung Raja, Singaporean Tamil rapper, TV actor.

Population of births: 48,635

Deaths

 * 4 October – Eu Chooi Yip, one of the prominent Malayan Communist Party leaders in Singapore (b. 1918).
 * 12 December – David Marshall, 1st Chief Minister of Singapore (b. 1908).
 * 16 December – Anthony Then, dance pioneer (b. 1944).
 * Ang Chwee Chai, pioneer of photography (b. 1910).

Population of deaths: 15,569

title: 1995 in Singapore


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1994 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1994 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Ong Teng Cheong
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * 1 January
 * The Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) relaunches SBC 5 as Channel 5, with a fully English-language schedule, and Malay programming migrated to SBC 12.
 * Singapore International Television began broadcasting an hour of daily programming on a satellite transponder.
 * 4 January - The Straits Times Industrials Index hits a then-record high of 2471.90 points.
 * 22 January – Junction 8 mall is officially opened.

February

 * 1 February - Radio Singapore International (RSI) is launched as Singapore's first international shortwave radio station.

March

 * 2 March – The extension of the CISCO headquarters starts construction. When completed, it will have cash processing facilities and a computer disaster recovery centre.
 * 8 March – The first 2G networks are launched in Singapore.
 * 13 March – The National Service Resort and Country Club is officially opened.
 * 26 March – Singapore wins the bid to host the 1999 Rotary Convention.

April

 * 1 April – The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is first introduced with a tax rate of 3%.

May

 * 5 May – United States media reports on the caning incident of American teenager Michael P. Fay who was convicted for vandalism.
 * 21 May – A Singapore Police Force officer, Corporal Hoi Kim Heng, 24, dies after being stabbed in the neck during the attempted arrest of drug abuser Soh Loo Ban. His companion, Corporal Tan Huang Yee, recovers from his injuries.
 * 23 May – Corporal Tan Huang Yee is given a rare field promotion to the rank of sergeant, while Corporal Hoi Kim Heng is conferred the same award posthumously.
 * 26 May – The Night Safari is officially opened.
 * 28 May — Chinese and Tamil-language channel SBC 8 rebrands as Channel 8, as part of a repositioning to cater the channel to "the HDB homeland".
 * 31 May – The Great Singapore Sale is launched.

June

 * 6 June – Known as the Oriental Hotel Murder, a Japanese tourist, Madam Fujii Isae, 49, is found murdered in her hotel room at the Oriental Hotel.
 * 9 June – The biggest single robbery to strike a private home occurs at a property in Bukit Timah, in which S$6 million worth of valuables were stolen. All five men involved in the armed robbery were subsequently arrested.

July

 * 1 July – SingTel launches SingNet, Singapore's first ISP.
 * 21 July – The design for the new arts centre is unveiled, with the name of the facility called the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay, which will be finished by 2000. It opened in 2002.

August

 * 29 August – Channel 5 premieres AM Singapore, Singapore's first English-language breakfast programme.

September

 * 1 September – SingTel launched its fully digitalised telecom network.
 * 2 September – Tuas Naval Base is officially opened.
 * 16 September – A sergeant with the Republic of Singapore Navy, Chong Peh Choong, 26, kills his three children aged between 3 and 10 before failing in his attempts to kill his wife and himself. He was jailed for life.
 * 23 September
 * Dutchman Johannes van Damme is executed for drug trafficking.
 * SBC launches its new Chinese adult contemporary radio station Love 972.

October

 * 1 October
 * The Singapore Broadcasting Corporation is privatized and restructured as the state-owned holding company Singapore International Media (SIM). SIM in turn consists of four state-owned enterprises; the Television Corporation of Singapore (TCS, owner of Channel 5 and 8), Singapore Television Twelve (TV12, owner of Channel 12), Radio Corporation of Singapore (RCS), and SIM Communications.
 * The Singapore Broadcasting Authority is formed.
 * 12 October - Channel 5 premieres Singapore's first domestic English-language serial drama, Masters of the Sea.
 * 15 October – Madam Mona Koh, 46, a mamasan, survives two gunshot wounds at Katong People's Complex.
 * 22 October - The last National Registration Identity Card (NRIC) replacement exercise takes place in Choa Chu Kang Community Club, marking the end of a three-year replacement programme. For those who did not re-register yet, a grace period will be given until 1995. From 1 January 1996, the old laminated NRICs will be invalid.
 * 31 October to 3 November – A three-day debate on ministerial salaries ensues. Eventually, the white paper is approved on 3 November.
 * 31 October – Power98FM is launched by SAFRA.

November

 * November – Tiong Bahru Plaza opens to the public.
 * 21 November – The Singapore People's Party is formed after several members broke off from the Singapore Democratic Party.
 * 30 November – Police officer Senior Staff Sergeant Boo Tiang Huat, 47, dies after sustaining an axe wound to the head while conducting routine vehicular inspection at Newton Road. He was given a field promotion to the rank of Station Inspector posthumously.

Date unknown

 * The Singapore Heart Centre starts operations.

Births

 * 1 January – Carrie Wong, television actress
 * 8 January - Shawn Tok, singer-actor
 * 1 October - Linying, the singer for NDP 2021 theme song 'The Road Ahead'.
 * 5 November – Timothee Yap, national sprinter.
 * 13 November – Andrew Tang, racing driver.

Deaths

 * 24 January – F. A. Chua – Supreme Court Judge (b. 1913).
 * 11 February – Gog Sing Hooi – Pioneer watercolour painter (b. 1933).
 * 24 August – Ee Peng Liang – Businessman and philanthropist (b. 1913).
 * 7 March – P. V. Sarma, leader of the Malayan National Liberation League, allowed back to Singapore in 1991 (b. 1917).
 * 8 November – Kwek Hong Png – Founder of Hong Leong Group (b. 1913).
 * 10 December – Jamit Singh – Trade unionist (b. 1929).

title: 1994 in Singapore


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I've been using Wikipedia for some time now but didn't feel it necessary to get a user name and post anything until the latest revert war on the Clay Aiken page. As well as being a big Clay fan, I love American Idol in general and old cartoons, especially Thundercats (which explains my name here). --Wilykit

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1993 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during 1993 in Singapore.

Incumbents

 * President: Wee Kim Wee (until 1 September), Ong Teng Cheong (starting 1 September)
 * Prime Minister: Goh Chok Tong

January

 * 1 January – Edusave is launched to provide all Singaporeans with quality education. The scheme also institutes awards for academic and non-academic achievements.

February

 * 11 February – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat is set up in Singapore.
 * 20 February –
 * NTUC Comfort announced that it will corporatise to help in its expansion plans. The plan went through, which resulted in the formation of Comfort Transportation Pte Ltd later in June.
 * The Senoko Incineration Plant is officially opened, making it the third incineration plant in Singapore.
 * 21 February – The World of Aquarium closes due to bad business, less than two years after it reopened. The building reopens as the Fort Canning Aquarium after a few months.

March

 * 6 March – St Luke's Hospital starts construction in Bukit Batok, sparking opposition from residents which is eventually solved.

April

 * 1 April – Medifund is set up to provide for medical treatment when Medisave and Medishield are not able to completely cover medical costs.
 * 29 April – The first meeting between Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits and Straits Exchange Foundation.

May

 * May – Shaw House (Lido) is opened to the public.

June

 * 8 June – Gardenia's new bakery is officially opened.
 * 12–20 June – Singapore hosts the 17th Southeast Asian Games. It clinched fourth place with a total of 164 medals.

August

 * 1 August – The National Heritage Board is formed to manage museums and encourage a vibrant cultural and heritage scene.
 * 5 August – An MRT collision takes place at Clementi station during the morning rush hour, resulting in 156 injuries.
 * 28 August – Ong Teng Cheong wins the first-ever presidential election by 952,513 votes, with Chua Kim Yeow getting 670,358 votes.

September

 * 1 September – Ong Teng Cheong is sworn in as the first elected president.
 * 21 September – Ngee Ann City is officially opened.

October

 * 3 October – The Great Singapore Workout is launched as part of the National Healthy Lifestyle Campaign, encouraging people to live healthily.
 * 30 October – The Institute of Mental Health (then called Woodbridge Hospital) is officially opened in Hougang.

November

 * 1 November
 * Asia Business News (ABN) officially formal full opened took place by President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong at 6:00am SGT based at its headquarters in Singapore and business bureaus in Jakarta metropolitan area (including Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, North Jakarta, Tangerang and Tangerang Regency), North Sumatra (expect Karo Regency), Batam/Batam Islands (relayed from Singapore and via all Riau and surrounding areas) and Palembang metropolitan area, ABN was owned by Dow Jones & Company. Anchors/presenters included Coco Quisumbing, Martin Soong, Sydnie Kohara, Karen Koh and Lynette Lithgow. Correspondents Keiko Bang, Lisa Barron, Stuart Pallister, Jim Sciutto and Chris Slaughter were part of the original ABN team which included around 170 Singapore based-staff. The programme line-up included Breakfast Briefing, Asian Wall Street Journal on Air, Trading Day, Asia Market Digest, Storyboard, Far Eastern Economic Review on Air, Money Talk, dot.com and Corporate Raiders.
 * SingTel is listed on the then Stock Exchange of Singapore (present day Singapore Exchange) after an IPO in October.
 * 9 November – The Special Tactics and Rescue Unit of the Singapore Police Force is commissioned.
 * 10 November – The Fire Safety Act is passed to ensure safety of buildings in the event of fires.
 * 27 November – Junction 8 is opened to the public.

December

 * 5 December – The Jurong section of the Pan Island Expressway opened to traffic.
 * 17 December – The Ang Mo Kio Community Hospital (present-day Ang Mo Kio - Thye Hua Kwan Hospital) is officially opened. The hospital works with General Practitioners, which will mainly serve the elderly living in the area.

December

 * 31 December
 * The very final and last Malay prorgamme to air on SBC 5 was the Indonesian film Ketika Senyumanmu Hadir.
 * News in Malay also aired its very final and last edition for this channel beforehand before moving to SBC 12 due to Malay programmes was officially moved from SBC 5 to SBC 12 which officially renamed as "Berita 12" was formally premiered on SBC 12 on the same night now extended from 20 to 30 minutes and new aired, new schedule, new clock and new time became daily from 7:30pm to 8:00pm SGT while News in English aired its very final and last edition before becoming a full-fledged Singlish channel on tonight and the next day farewell from News in English to officially launched new split into two new English television news bulletin programmes includes:
 * "News 5 at Seven (now Asia Tonight)" officially formal opening took place as Singapore's very first main flagship evening news programme officially opened on New Year's Day 1994 new aired, new schedule, new clock and new time became daily from 7:00pm to 7:30pm SGT.
 * "News 5 Tonight (now News Tonight and Singapore Tonight)" officially formal opening took place as Singapore's very first late-night television news bulletin on Channel 5 new aired, new schedule, new clock and new time became daily from 10:30pm to 11:00pm SGT.
 * Panasonic Countdown New Year (Countdown 94): Hi! 5 is an annual multi-tiered event held every New Year's Eve celebrations in Singapore are centered in Raffles Hotel and Changi Airport its main events are pyrotechnic displays. It was officially launched by President of Singapore Ong Teng Cheong including from the midnight countdown new year to midnight firework new year both of which are terrestrial telecast nationally free-to-air on SBC 5 marked very final and last time farewell the end from 11:15pm to 12:30am SGT lasting 75-minutes and sponsored by Panasonic, Grand Seiko (Seiko) and Lexus (Toyota) and officially introduced and launched new name or new look as Channel 5 (新视第五波道) with officially introduced and launching new logo and slogan "Where It All Happens!" marked officially introduced and launched new name, logo and slogan for a new look for Channel 5 opening at stroke of midnight SGT after countdown new year and happy new year and became the first channel in Singapore to become a full-fledged English-language channel.

Date unknown

 * The National Cancer Centre Singapore starts operations.
 * Chinatown Point and Wheelock Place are opened.
 * 261 O-Level papers are lost in transit.

Births

 * 8 January – Amanda Lim, national swimmer.
 * 22 January – Zhang Zetong, Mediacorp actor
 * 12 February – Khaw Xinlin, influencer and actress
 * 27 March – Benjamin Tan, Mediacorp actor
 * 14 June – JianHao Tan, Singaporean Youtuber
 * 16 June – Richie Koh, Mediacorp actor and Best Actor winner in Star Awards 2023
 * 24 September – Narelle Kheng, The Sam Willows member.
 * 11 October – Tasha Low, ex-Skarf member turned Singaporean actress
 * 4 November - Noah Yap, actor.
 * 10 November – Raeesah Khan, former politician.
 * 17 November – Ayden Sng, Mediacorp actor
 * 11 December – Boon Hui Lu, singer.

Deaths

 * 11 January – John Le Cain, first Asian as Singapore Police Force commissioner (b. 1912).
 * 15 March – Georgette Chen, painter (b. 1906).
 * 3 June – Yeoh Ghim Seng, Speaker of Parliament (b. 1918).
 * 5 August – Tay Eng Soon, Senior Minister of State (Education) (b. 1940).
 * 1 December – John Chia Keng Hock, former footballer (b. 1913).

title: 1993 in Singapore