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Land sailing

Land sailing, also known as sand yachting, land yachting or dirtboating, entails overland travel with a sail-powered vehicle, similar to sailing on water. Originally, a form of transportation or recreation, it has evolved primarily into a racing sport since the 1950s.

Vehicles used in sailing are known as sail wagons, sand yachts, or land yachts. They typically have three (sometimes four) wheels and function much like a sailboat, except that they are operated from a sitting or lying position and steered by pedals or hand levers. Land sailing works best in windy flat areas, and races often happen on beaches, airfields, and dry lake beds in desert regions. Modern land sailors, generally known as "pilots", can go three to four times faster than the wind speed. A gust of wind is considered more beneficial in a land sailing race than a favorable windshift. A similar sport, known as ice yachting, is practiced on frozen lakes and rivers. Another variation is the Whike, which combines land sailing with bicycling and can therefore also be used in everyday traffic because it does not fully depend on wind.

Sailing carriage
The earliest text describing the Chinese use of mounting masts and sails on large vehicles is the Book of the Golden Hall Master written by the Daoist scholar and crown prince Xiao Yi, who later became Emperor Yuan of Liang (r. 552–554 AD). He wrote that Gaocang Wushu invented a "wind-driven carriage" which was able to carry thirty people at once. There was another built in about 610 for the Emperor Yang of Sui (r. 604–617), as described in the Continuation of the New Discourses on the Talk of the Times.

European travelers from the 16th century onwards mentioned sailing carriages with surprise. In 1585, during the Chinese Ming Dynasty, Gonzales de Mendoza wrote that the Chinese had many coaches and wagons mounted with sails, and even depicted them in artwork of silk hanfu robes and on earthenware vessels. In the 1584 atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum written by the cartographer Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598), there are large Chinese carriages depicted with sails and masts. Likewise, there are the same Chinese vehicles with sails depicted in the Atlas of Gerardus Mercator (1512–1594), as well as the 1626 book Kingdome of China by John Speed. The English poet John Milton (1608–1674) exemplified western interest in the Chinese sailing carriage when he mentioned it in a metaphor in his epic Paradise Lost, published in 1667.

In the 19th century, "windwagons" were occasionally used for transport across the American great plains. Rail-running sail cars were also used in South America. One such sailcar existed on the Dona Teresa Cristina Railroad in Santa Catarina, Brazil in the 1870s.

Early yachts
The precursor to the modern land yacht was invented in the summer of the year 1600 by the Flemish scientist Simon Stevin in Flanders as a commission for Prince Maurice of Orange. It was used by Prince Maurice for entertaining his guests. In 1898, the Dumont brothers of De Panne, Belgium, developed a land yacht whose sails were based on contemporary Egyptian sailboats used on the Nile River. Louis Bleriot, the French aviation pioneer was instrumental in developing landsailing as a sport. It was viewed as an alternative sport when strong winds would have made flying in early aircraft too dangerous. Bleriot's landsailers were first tried on the Buc airstrip (SW of Paris). Bleriot machines gave their best on Channel and North Sea wide and windy beaches at low tide (Calais, Hardelot, La Panne, Quend, Audresselles etc.). The Blériot firm coined the name "aéroplage" (plage is the French for beach) and even registered it as a trademark. The first races were held on the beaches of Belgium and France in 1909. Land yachts were also used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to transport goods on dry lakes in America.

Modern yachts
The modern land yacht, a three-wheeled polyester/fibreglass and metal cart, often with a wing-mast and relatively rigid (full-batten) sails, has been used since 1960.

In 1967, a French Foreign Legion officer organized a land yacht race across the Sahara Desert. Teams from 7 countries assembled at Colomb-Béchar in Algeria and using French-designed and built machines for the most part, sailed 1700 mi through Algeria, Spanish Morocco and into the capital of Mauritania. Due to the harsh conditions, the idea of racing was abandoned, though at the time three young American boatbuilders, Larry Pardey, Richard Arthur and Warren Zeibarth (Captain, Pardey), were leading the race, with scores double those of any other team. The story made the cover of National Geographic in November 1967. A reenactment of this event took place three years later and was filmed by National Geographic.

Landsailing on Venus
In 2012, NASA scientist Geoffrey A. Landis proposed that a sail could be used for propulsion of a rover on Venus or other planets (NASA image here). According to Popular Mechanics, it is "an ambitious proposal […] to develop a rover that works with Venus's topography and winds.

In 2017, Landis's work was the subject of the book Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis, published by World Book publishing.

Speed record
The world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was broken on 11 December 2022 by Emirates Team New Zealand with Australian Pilot Glenn Ashby with a speed of 222.43 km/h (138.21 mph).

It was previously held by Briton Richard Jenkins in his yacht Greenbird with a speed of 126.1 mph (202.9 km/h). Wind speeds were fluctuating between 30 - 50 mph at that time.

The previous record of 116 mi/h was set by American Bob Schumacher on March 20, 1999 piloting Iron Duck vehicle designed and engineered by American Bob Dill in Burlington, Vermont. Both records were set on Ivanpah Dry Lake near Primm, Nevada, United States.

A previous attempt at the record by Britons Dale Vince and Richard Jenkins at Lake Lefroy in Western Australia in their carbon-neutral vehicle, Greenbird, failed on 12 September 2008.

Classes

The international governing body for the sport of land and sandyachting was formed in 1962. The Federation International de Sand et Land Yachting (FISLY) has member countries from around the world and has divided the sporting side of the activity into various classes. There are a number of basic types, or "classes", of land yachts. Because of the very different nature of each class, they compete separately in races. The largest class of yachts are known as Class 2, which may have masts as large as 8 m. The massive sail area provides significant power, although the speed of Class 2 yachts can sometimes be limited by their large size. These are sailed mainly in continental Europe and not sailed at all in some countries such as the United Kingdom.

The Class 3 is probably the most popular of the large yacht designs, almost identical to the Class 2 in appearance, but significantly smaller. Class 3 yachts are generally made from fiberglass, sometimes in combination with other high-tech lightweight materials, such as carbon fibre, Kevlar, or various composites, with a wooden rear axle. They are capable of reaching speeds up to 70 mph.

The Class 5 is much smaller than the 2 and 3, and has a very different shape. The pilot still sails the yacht lying down, but unlike the 2 and 3, he lies in a seat that is suspended from or cantilevered off the chassis, rather than inside the body. The chassis is usually made of steel and aluminium, with a fibreglass or carbon–Kevlar seat. Class 5 yachts are capable of reaching speeds up to 60 mph, and some have been faster, closer to 70 mph.

While Class 2, 3, and 5 yachts must meet certain strict guidelines, the specifications are flexible to an extent That allows individualism and development.

The "Standart" Class is unique in that it is the only recognised international monotype sand yacht with all yachts being identical. Similar to Class 5 in shape and function, they must follow a special design supplied by the French manufacturer Seagull. This class is widely popular because it means the outcome of a competition rests entirely with the pilot, as the yacht itself cannot provide an advantage or disadvantage.

Class 7 yachts are built like skateboards with a sail, much like a land-borne windsurfing board. These are also called Speed Sail (A registered trademark by Norbert Blanc, a French inventor who made successful adaptation of a windsurfer sail on an enlarged skateboard, with special wheels and improved axles, in the wake of the 1980' windsurfing craze) and are fully recognised by FISLY as part of sand yacht clubs, they are also sailed for fun and hobby.

Class 8 land yachts: kite buggying or parakarting, differ from other classes in that the sail is replaced with a large traction kite, usually flown on 20–40 m quad lines. The buggies are also considerably smaller and more maneuverable. This relatively new class of the sport is still undergoing rapid development but has become popular in recent years due to its portability, relative low cost and flexibility. Kite buggying also uniquely offers the pilot the possibility of getting real air time as buggies are sometimes launched into the air by the traction kite. Class 8 activities are generally grouped under:

 * racing, using large kites and very large and heavy buggies: the current speed record is 135.34 km/h by Brian Holgate on the 6th March 2012 at dry Ivanpah Lake, Nevada.
 * freestyle where smaller, lighter machines perform freestyle tricks such as airs, spins, wheelies, reverse flying, etc.
 * endurance or cruising: the 24-hour distance record is 623 km by New Zealander Peter Foulkes, where long distances are covered in trips lasting several days : Transat des Sables and Gobi Kite Buggy Challenge, or the Mad way south Sahara challenge, a 2200 km attempt to cross the desert.

"Miniyachts" are small land yachts which are aimed at the leisure market, however, any type of land yacht can be raced and the identical nature of these yachts make them ideal fun racers due to their similar size and sail area. This style of yacht uses a traditional style land yacht rig with a smaller chassis and body where the pilot is able to sit in a conventional way and control the sail with a simple main sheet. These are the smallest, cheapest and lightest yachts available and are tremendously safe and easy to sail with basic instruction. Miniyachts' popularity is increasing rapidly and they are now being built by enthusiasts around the world.

The basic definition of a miniyacht is "Any assembled land or sand yacht that fits inside a continuous loop of rope 5.6 m long is a miniyacht". Some designs of mini yachts can be dismantled and carried in the trunk of a car. They can be sailed equally well by small children and large adults and have the added advantage of going on grass as well as sand or concrete. These yachts are popular in Europe, America, Australia, New Zealand, UK and Ireland.

There are also a range of small miniyachts able to be packed into a case and carried in a car or as luggage on a plane. The New Zealand Blokart, UK X-sails, Potty, windbob and Spanish designs like Rinox and WinDreamer together with French and German miniyachts like those from the manufacturers Libre, Airtrack, Plume and Seagull all fall into this category and are small, fast and manoeuvrable and therefore able to be sailed in small urban areas. The hand steering versions allow disabled people to use them and compete with able-bodied competitors.

Competition

 * Land yacht competitors are spread over all continents: from the vast beaches of Western Europe, Ireland and the UK, New Zealand and Brazil, dry-lake surfaces in the US, Argentina, Australia and Africa to frozen lakes in Canada and Scandinavia (using skates instead of wheels).
 * National landyacht associations are united in the international landyacht federation called FISLY. This organisation sets up the racing rules. Every few years, world championships are organised. There are also many local races and competitions every week and annual European and Pacific Rim championships.
 * Racing yachts are divided in four classes by FISLY: Class 5 and Class Standart have a tubular steel or aluminium frame and mast with a glassfiber seats. The bigger Class 3 and Class 2 yachts have a lightweight glassfiber hull and wing-shaped mast and (mostly) a wooden rear axle.
 * Racing yachts speed up to 120 km/h (the world speed record is 202.9 km/h (126.1 mph), set by Richard Jenkins in 2009, breaking the previous record of 188 km/h (116.7 mph) set in 2001 by Bob Schumacher, US). Even at very low winds, racing yachts ride at up to three times the wind speed, reaching easily 70 km/h. Due to the lightweight and aerodynamic build, racing yachts boost to top speed in about 5 seconds. Turning markers are usually taken at full speed.

European and world championships
One of the largest international events in the sport are the European championships, in which competitors of all classes from all over Europe travel to a sand yachting venue for a week-long competition. The Wirral Sand Yacht Club, on Hoylake beach, hosted the event in September 2007. Rada Tilly hosted the World Championship XI in February 2008, an event that was first developed in Argentina and in South America.

St Peter Ording was the venue for the 2009 European Championships. De Panne in Belgium hosted the 2010 World Championships. The 2011 European Championships were held in Hoylake on the Wirral peninsula near Liverpool. Attendees included local politicians Esther McVey and Stephen Hesford, alongside the Mayor of Wirral, the Head of the International Governing body for Sandyachting, and some of the 150 competitors from Argentina, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden Italy, Ireland, Chile, Denmark, US, Australia and the UK. 2012 saw the World Championships being held in Cherreuix, Brittany, France, near the world heritage site Mont Saint Michel. The event catered for all FISLY classes, and 350 competitors participated over the eight days. 2013 Europeans were held in St Peter Ording Germany.

In July 2014, the FISLY Landyachting World Championships were organised by the North American Land Sailing Associations (NALSA) and its President Dennis Bassano on the remote dry lake of Smith Creek in Central Nevada. Over 400 people from 16 countries spent a week based on the remote lake bed at 6300 ft, where many of the "legends" of the sport including the current world speed record holder Richard Jenkins had gathered. Double Olympic gold medal sailor Shirley Robertson participated in the championship, accompanied by a film crew from the CNN Mainsail programme who produced a TV record of the event.

After devoting 10 years to the project, British engineer Richard Jenkins broke the land speed record for a wind-powered craft. Jenkins's vehicle, the Ecotricity Greenbird, clocked in at 126.1 mph on March 26, 2009. This was done just south of Las Vegas, Nevada.

North America
In the US, annual competitions are held by local clubs and by NALSA, the North American Landsailing Association. The largest regatta is regularly held the last week of March on the playa at the California-Nevada border near Primm, Nevada. The classes sailed in the US include several one-design classes, international class 5 (5 m² class in the US), and open classes solely based on the sail/wing area. The European yachts sail with the appropriate US open class according to their sail area.

Promoting international competition, there are periodic regattas including FISLY and other landsailing nations, mostly on the Pacific Rim. The host and venue of this regatta rotates, and the 2009 event was to be hosted by NALSA at the March regatta.

A history of sailing in the US can be found at Nalsa.org.

Blokart sailing is coordinated by the North American Blokart Sailing Association.

Blokart racing
Blokart racing is a sport administered by the International Blokart Racing Association (IBRA), who sanction events and set the international racing rules.

Blokart World Championships have been held biennially since the inaugural event at the home of Blokart in Papamoa, New Zealand in 2008. The Blokart Worlds event has been since held in Ostend, Belgium; Ivanpah, California, US; and Perth, Australia. In 2018 the Worlds event was held in Binissalem, Mallorca, Spain.

Blokart racing is held on purpose built tracks, airport runways, parking areas as well as beaches and dry lake beds. Blokart race events are held around the world, with major events such as New Zealand Open, European Open, British Open, Australian Open, and the North American Open held annually.

Blokarts are raced in two classes – production and performance, and in various weight divisions. The production class is based on the basic blokart design. In the performance class additional parts from the manufacturer are allowed such as carbon fibre mast sections and an aerodynamic shell, adjustable downhaul and modification of the sail battens to alter the shape of the sail. Blokarts have four standard sail sizes, 2.0m, 3.0m, 4.0m and 5.5m, with sail size choice being dependent on wind strength and weight of the sailor, with heavier sailors requiring larger sails, and smaller sails being more efficient in stronger winds.

In popular culture

 * Part of the journey in Around the World in Eighty Days of Jules Verne is done by sailsleigh.
 * In the 1909 Land of Oz book The Road to Oz, Dorothy Gale, Shaggy Man, and Button-Bright cross the Deadly Desert into Oz by use of a sand ship.
 * Land sailing is featured in Clive Cussler's Dirk Pitt novel, Sahara, and also in its film adaptation. Cussler later had his character, Juan Cabrillo, jury-rig a para-skiing apparatus for land-sailing in his Oregon Files novel, Skeleton Coast.
 * Blokarting featured in The Amazing Race 13, in episode 4.
 * Sand sailing is featured as a means of desert transportation in Avatar: The Last Airbender, in episodes 30 and 31.
 * A landsailing rover on the planet Venus was selected by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts program as a technology study
 * Land sailing is featured in book three, Odalisque, of Neal Stephenson's novel Quicksilver, the first part of Stephenson's Baroque Cycle.
 * In The Dreamstone, The Urpneys used a land yacht twice, in 'Trouble with the Miners' and 'The Jolly Bird.'
 * The British reality-television competition series Scrapheap Challenge featured land yachts in season 2, episode 4. One team created a dual-sail yacht, but failed to win.
 * The American reality-television competition series Junkyard Wars featured land yachts in season 7, episode 3 "Sand Yacht". Two teams, each led by an expert land yachtsman, constructed small yachts from parts available in a junkyard.  The team that won used an aluminium sail, supposedly the first time a metal sail was used for a land yacht.
 * The American tall tale "Windwagon Smith" is about a sea captain who traveled across Kansas in a wind-propelled covered wagon fitted with a sail. This tale was adapted into the Disney animated short The Saga of Windwagon Smith.
 * The novel Hyperion by Dan Simmons features a so-called 'wind-wagon' which carries the protagonists across the sea of grass, a large plain filled with razor sharp head-height grass.
 * The novel The Green Odyssey by Philip José Farmer is placed on an Earth-like planet covered by a sea of grass. The plot involves wheeled sailing ships and dangerously mobile islands.
 * In Robert Sheckley's short story "A Wind is Rising" (1957), the natives of the extremely windy planet Carella use land ships as a common travel method.
 * In the episodes 8 and 9 Secret of Cerulean Sand, Jane Buxton, her guide Sabri and her butler Chambellan travel across the Oriental desert in a land yacht (episode ).

title: Land sailing


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title: User:Goodboy~enwiki


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The Fool and His Money

The Fool and His Money is a puzzle game by Cliff Johnson. It is a self-published sequel to the 1987 game The Fool's Errand. Like its predecessor, The Fool and His Money contains many different types of logic and word puzzles which, although centered on a story with a medieval tarot deck theme, have added elements of the Prince, Egyptian gods, and Pirates.

Release information
Originally expected in late 2003, the game experienced dozens of postponements. On February 4, 2009, Johnson released a functioning preview of the game, containing the Prologue and five puzzles.

The game was released on October 25, 2012, one day earlier than finally promised, having taken ten years to produce. It is written using Adobe Director with embedded Flash.

Reception and awards
“I'm happy to award, for the first time in my reviewing career, The Fool and His Money a long-overdue but well-deserved A plus. We, God forbid, may never see another game of its genius and quality in our lifetimes.” —Greg Collins, Just Adventure Review

Andrew Plotkin considered The Fool and His Money an improvement on The Fool's Errand, with better puzzle sequencing, a more harmonious variety of puzzle forms, and a smooth increase in complexity as the game progresses. Plotkin recommended the game "if you like puzzles, if you like challenges, if you like working all-out on crazy-hard puzzles where they barely even tell you the rules."

Jay Is Games rated it best indie puzzle game of 2012.

title: The Fool and His Money


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Implicature

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Implicature
WP:WINAD. This is a dicdef that has already been transwikied. Delete. --Dmcdevit 01:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obviously a definition only, and has already been transwikified, so it's not really needed... -mysekurity 02:50, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Agreed. royblumy 05:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. jni 06:06, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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CKTP-FM

CKTP-FM is a Canadian radio station in Fredericton, New Brunswick which goes by the name of 95.7 The Wolf. The station broadcasts a mix of roots rock and blues from its studios on the St. Mary's First Nation, at an FM frequency of 95.7 MHz.

title: CKTP-FM


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nugatory

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Nugatory
WP:WINAD. This is a dicdef that has already been transwikied. Delete. --Dmcdevit 01:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nomiator. -mysekurity 02:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. royblumy 05:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. jni 06:06, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. JamesBurns 08:13, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Prometheus Books

Prometheus Books is a publishing company founded in August 1969 by the philosopher Paul Kurtz (who was also the founder of the Council for Secular Humanism, Center for Inquiry, and co-founder of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry). The publisher's name was derived from Prometheus, the Titan from Greek mythology who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to man. This act is often used as a metaphor for bringing knowledge or enlightenment.

Prometheus Books publishes a range of books, focusing on topics such as science, freethought, secularism, humanism, and skepticism. It has published in the "atheism" category since its founding in 1969, and is considered the "grandfather" of atheist publishing in America.

Their headquarters is located in Amherst, New York, and they publish worldwide. Jonathan Kurtz was an executive editor of Prometheus. Rowman & Littlefield acquired Prometheus Books in 2019.

The publisher has roughly 1,700 books currently in print, and publishes approximately 95–100 books per year. Since its founding, Prometheus Books has published more than 2,500 books.

Imprints
Prometheus Books obtained the bulk of the books and manuscripts of Humanities Press International in 1998. It has been building and expanding this into a scholarly imprint named Humanity Books. This imprint publishes academic works across a wide spectrum of the humanities and is now distributed by the academic division of Rowman & Littlefield.

In March 2005, Prometheus Books launched the science fiction and fantasy imprint Pyr. In October 2012 it launched the crime fiction imprint Seventh Street Books. In 2018, it sold both imprints.

Lawsuits
Prometheus has been involved in two "major libel lawsuits." In 1992 Uri Geller sued Victor J. Stenger and Prometheus Books for libel over his book Physics and Psychics. The suit was dismissed and Geller was required to pay more than $20,000 in costs to the defendant. Geller also sued Prometheus for publishing The Truth About Uri Geller by James Randi, a book that he said was defamatory.

Notable authors published
Some notable authors and books published by Prometheus include:

Steve Allen

 * Meeting of Minds : The Complete Scripts, With Illustrations, of the Amazingly Successful PBS-TV Series
 * Steve Allen on the Bible, Religion and Morality
 * Dumbth: The Lost Art of Thinking With 101 Ways to Reason Better & Improve Your Mind

Molefi Asante

Isaac Asimov

 * Election Day 2084: A Science Fiction Anthology on the Politics of the Future
 * The Roving Mind
 * The Tyrannosaurus Prescription: And 100 Other Essays
 * Past, Present and Future

Jeremy Bentham

Rob Boston

 * Why the Religious Right Is Wrong About Separation of Church and State
 * Taking Liberties: Why Religious Freedom Doesn't Give You the Right to Tell Other People What to Do

Ludwig Feuerbach

Antony Flew

R. Barri Flowers
 * Masters of True Crime

Martin Gardner
 * The New Age: Notes of a Fringe Watcher

Guy P. Harrison

 * 50 Simple Questions for Every Christian

William R. Harwood

 * Mythology's Last Gods: Yahweh and Jesus

Sidney Hook

 * Sidney Hook on Pragmatism, Democracy, and Freedom: The Essential Essays
 * Sidney Hook: Philosopher of Democracy and Humanism

Julian Huxley

S. T. Joshi

Dr. Jack Kevorkian
 * Prescription: Medicide, the Goodness of Planned Death

John Maynard Keynes

Philip J. Klass

Leon Lederman

John W. Loftus

 * The Outsider Test for Faith: How to Know Which Religion Is True

Joe Nickell

 * The Science of Ghosts: Searching for Spirits of the Dead
 * The Science of Miracles: Investigating the Incredible

Friedrich Nietzsche

Mario Perniola

Robert M. Price

 * Deconstructing Jesus
 * The Da Vinci Fraud: Why the Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction
 * The Empty Tomb: Jesus Beyond The Grave

James Randi

David Ricardo

Michael Ruse

Nathan Salmon

George H. Smith

 * Atheism: The Case Against God

John Steinbeck IV

Victor Stenger

 * God and the Atom

Tom Toles

Ibn Warraq

 * Why I Am Not a Muslim
 * Virgins? What Virgins?: And Other Essays
 * Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism

Robert Zubrin

Book series

 * Contemporary Issues in Philosophy Series
 * Great Books in Philosophy
 * Great Minds Series
 * Thomas Taylor Series

Partnerships and sale
In 2013 Prometheus Books partnered with Random House in an effort to increase sales and distribution.

In 2019, it was acquired by Rowman & Littlefield, and Random House ceased sales and distribution of its titles as of June 30, 2019. Its building was sold in early 2019 for over $1 Million.

title: Prometheus Books


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Tyler Cowen

Tyler Cowen (born January 21, 1962) is an American economist, columnist, and blogger. He is a professor at George Mason University, where he holds the Holbert L. Harris chair in the economics department.

Cowen writes the "Economic Scene" column for The New York Times and since July 2016 has been a regular opinion columnist at Bloomberg Opinion. He also writes for such publications as The New Republic, The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek and the Wilson Quarterly. He is general director of George Mason's Mercatus Center, a university research center that focuses on the market economy. In September, 2018, Tyler and his team at George Mason University launched Emergent Ventures, a grant and fellowship focused on "moon-shot" ideas.

He was ranked at number 72 among the "Top 100 Global Thinkers" in 2011 by Foreign Policy Magazine. In a 2011 poll of experts by The Economist, Cowen was included in the top 36 nominations of "which economists were most influential over the past decade".

Education and personal life
Cowen was raised in Hillsdale, New Jersey and attended Pascack Valley High School. At 15, he became the youngest ever New Jersey state chess champion. Cowen is of Irish ancestry.

He graduated from George Mason University with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics in 1983 and received his PhD in economics from Harvard University in 1987 with his thesis titled Essays in the theory of welfare economics. At Harvard, he was mentored by game theorist Thomas Schelling, the 2005 recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Cowen is a teetotaler, stating he is "with the Mormons" on alcohol, later stating: "I encourage people to just completely, voluntarily abstain from alcohol and make it a social norm". He is married to Natasha Cowen, a lawyer.

Culture
Cowen has researched the economics of culture. He has written books on fame (What Price Fame?), art (In Praise of Commercial Culture) and cultural trade (Creative Destruction: How Globalization Is Changing the World's Cultures). In Markets and Cultural Voices, he describes how globalization is changing the world of three Mexican amate painters. Cowen argues that free markets change culture for the better, allowing them to evolve into something more people want. Other books include Public Goods and Market Failures, The Theory of Market Failure, Explorations in the New Monetary Economics, Risk and Business Cycles, Economic Welfare and New Theories of Market Failure.

In 2023, Cowen falsely claimed on his blog that Francis Bacon was a critic of the printing press, including fictional quotations and references he had gotten from ChatGPT.

Books

 * Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Around the World, with Daniel Gross. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2022, ISBN 978-1250275813,.
 * Big Business: A Love Letter to an American Anti-Hero. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2019. ISBN 978-1250110541,.
 * (Wikipedia page)
 * With Alex Tabarrok:
 * The Age of the Infovore: Succeeding in the Information Economy (2010)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * The Age of the Infovore: Succeeding in the Information Economy (2010)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * The Age of the Infovore: Succeeding in the Information Economy (2010)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)
 * Explorations in the New Monetary Economics (1994)

The New York Times columns
Cowen's New York Times columns cover a wide range of issues such as the 2008 financial crisis.

Dining guide
His dining guide for the D.C. area, "Tyler Cowen's Ethnic Dining Guide", has been written about by The Washington Post and Washington City Paper.

Podcast and blog
Since 2015, Cowen has hosted the podcast Conversations with Tyler. He hosts the economics blog Marginal Revolution, together with co-author Alex Tabarrok. Cowen and Tabarrok also maintain the website Marginal Revolution University.

Political philosophy
Cowen has written papers on political philosophy and ethics. He co-wrote a paper with philosopher Derek Parfit arguing against the social discount rate. In a 2006 paper, he argued that the epistemic problem fails to refute consequentialism.

Cowen has been described as a "libertarian bargainer" who can influence practical policy making, yet he endorsed bank bailouts in his March 2, 2009 column in The New York Times. In a 2007 article entitled "The Paradox of Libertarianism", Cowen argued that libertarians "should embrace a world with growing wealth, growing positive liberty, and yes, growing government. We don't have to favor the growth in government per se, but we do need to recognize that sometimes it is a package deal".

In 2012, David Brooks called Cowen "one of the most influential bloggers on the right", writing that he is among those who "start from broadly libertarian premises but do not apply them in a doctrinaire way".

In an August, 2014 blog post, Cowen wrote: "Just to summarize, I generally favor much more immigration but not open borders, I am a liberal on most but not all social issues, and I am market-oriented on economic issues. On most current foreign policy issues I am genuinely agnostic as to what exactly we should do but skeptical that we are doing the right thing at the moment. I don't like voting for either party or for third parties".

In a 2020 New Year's Day Marginal Revolution post, Cowen outlined a philosophical framework he dubbed "State Capacity Libertarianism". State Capacity Libertarianism differs from libertarianism in that it acknowledges the state's role in funding and executing megaprojects and advocates a non-isolationist foreign policy.

Cowen has described himself as a liberal on most social issues and supports same-sex marriage. After the Supreme Court issued its 2015 holding affirming the right of same-sex marriage, Cowen said that "this is exciting and very positive news. Most of all, it is a breakthrough for those people who can now marry, or exercise the choice not to marry".

In July 2019, Cowen co-authored an essay in The Atlantic with Stripe co-founder Patrick Collison calling for a "new science of progress".

In July 2023, Cowen joined "The Growth Commission", a non-partisan group convened by former UK prime minister Liz Truss to promote economic policies that promote growth.

Conversations with Tyler
Conversations with Tyler is Cowen's podcast produced by the Mercatus Center at George Mason. Unlike Marginal Revolution, Conversations is hosted by Cowen exclusively. Guests are usually authors and academics, but have also included athletes (Martina Navratilova, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar), military personnel (Stanley A. McChrystal), entrepreneurs (Mark Zuckerberg, Brian Armstrong), novelists (Emily St. John Mandel) and a homeless person from Washington, D.C. named "Alexander the Grate".

The show has two recurring segments:
 * "Underrated/Overrated", where guests are given a quick-fire list of cultural works or academic concepts and asked to say whether they agree with the general critical response received.
 * The [guest name] Production Function, where guests are asked to describe their personal productivity habits.

In describing the podcast, Cowen repeatedly characterises it as "...the conversation I want to have".

Select articles

 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]
 * "The Lack of Wars May Be Hurting Economic Growth", NYTimes, June 14, 2014]

title: Tyler Cowen


text:
The Intern (2000 film)

Intern is a 2000 American satirical comedy film directed by Michael Lange about the shallow world of fashion magazines. It stars Dominique Swain, Joan Rivers, Peggy Lipton, Paulina Porizkova and Kathy Griffin. The film features multiple cameo appearances including Tommy Hilfiger, Kenneth Cole, Diane von Fürstenberg, Kevyn Aucoin, André Leon Talley, Samia Shoaib, and Gwyneth Paltrow.

Caroline Doyle and Jill Kargman, both of whom had stints in fashion journalism at Mademoiselle, Harper's Bazaar, and Interview magazines, wrote the screenplay. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 2000.

Plot
Jocelyn Bennett is an intern at the fictional New York City magazine, Skirt. Horribly mistreated, overworked, and underpaid, Jocelyn lives for Skirt, especially the photo spreads. A spy begins to hand over Skirts spreads and story ideas to its rival glossy, Vogue. Skirt magazine finds itself in a bind and some people begin speculating who the infiltrator (everyone refers to the spy as a "yuri") might be. After some fingers begin to point at Jocelyn, she seeks to apprehend the spy and clear her name. Along the way, she meets Paul Rochester, the British deputy art director at Skirt, with whom she has much in common. When she finds herself falling in love, one thing stands in her way: Paul's supermodel girlfriend, Resin. Jocelyn continues to search for the spy but several obstacles stand in her way, including Art Director Sebastian Niedarfarb, who believes she is the spy and consistently puts Jocelyn down. However, as she begins to climb the ranks, she begins to stand out to the editors who realize her potential, though they quickly forget it. To make Paul jealous, she starts dating a photo shoot tech named Alex, though the relationship doesn't last. Jocelyn later learns that Resin is only dating Paul because he is related to Prince Charles. Soon after, the spy is apprehended. For her work, Jocelyn is made an assistant, on staff, and finally gets better treatment from her colleagues. During a party thrown by Skirt, Resin dumps Paul for another model, and Paul and Jocelyn get engaged. Two years later, the happy couple are shown on a PBS tour done by the newest intern at Skirt. Jocelyn has been made the senior photo editor at the magazine and Paul accomplished his dream of becoming a famous artist. They are set to be married in a few months.

Cast

 * Dominique Swain as Jocelyn Bennett
 * Ben Pullen as Paul Rochester
 * Leilani Bishop as Resin
 * Peggy Lipton as Roxanne Rochet
 * Paulina Porizkova as Chi Chi Chemise
 * Billy Porter as Sebastian Niederfarb
 * Kathy Griffin as Cornelia Crisp
 * Anna Levine as Antoinette De la Paix
 * Joan Rivers as Dolly Bellows
 * Tommy Hilfiger as himself
 * André Leon Talley as himself
 * Diane von Fürstenberg as herself
 * Kevyn Aucoin as himself
 * Kenneth Cole as himself
 * Gwyneth Paltrow as herself

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 38% based on reviews from 8 critics, with an average rating of 5.7/10.

While some critics praised the dialogue and writing of the film and said it contained a “few entertaining moments", others said it was "a disappointingly flat and familiar look at the glamour industry." Stephen Holden of The New York Times said, "The biggest mystery about Intern is how a film about people who are obsessed with appearances could wind up looking so hopelessly drab and tacky." Stephen MacMillan Moser of The Austin Chronicle said, "Intern isn't a particularly deep movie, but, to paraphrase Karl Lagerfeld, fashion is not the same thing as feeding the hungry and curing the ill."

title: The Intern (2000 film)


text: File:Question 34.jpg

title: File:Question 34.jpg


text:
CIXN-FM

CIXN-FM (Joy 96.5) is a Canadian radio station in Fredericton, New Brunswick. It broadcasts Contemporary Christian music and other religious shows, and broadcasts at 96.5 MHz. The station has been on the air since April 8, 2001.

title: CIXN-FM


text:
Logan Township, Auglaize County, Ohio

Logan Township is one of the fourteen townships of Auglaize County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,158 people in the township.

Geography
Located in the northwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
 * Amanda Township, Allen County – north
 * Shawnee Township, Allen County – northeast
 * Duchouquet Township – southeast
 * Moulton Township – south
 * Noble Township – southwest
 * Salem Township – west
 * Spencer Township, Allen County – northwest

The village of Buckland is located in southern Logan Township.

Logan Township contains twenty whole sections and six half sections and has a total area of 72.4 sqkm. It is crossed in the east by the Auglaize River.

Name and history
It is the only Logan Township statewide.

Formed in 1848 and named for Captain Logan, a noted Shawnee warrior, Logan Township was originally part of Moulton Township and Amanda Township in Allen County.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Public services
The township is split between the Wapakoneta City School District, the Saint Marys City School District, Spencerville Local Schools, and Shawnee Local Schools.

The eastern and southern sections of the township is served by the Wapakoneta (45895) post office, the northwestern section by the Spencerville (45887) post office, and the northeastern section by the Cridersville (45806) branch of the Lima post office. Buckland (45819) maintains a local post office.

title: Logan Township, Auglaize County, Ohio


text:
Joy FM

Joy FM may refer to:

Australia

 * 3JOY, or Joy 94.9, in Melbourne

Canada

 * CIXN-FM, licensed to Fredericton, New Brunswick

Ghana

 * JOY FM (Ghana)

Japan

 * FM Miyazaki

United States

 * WJIS, licensed to Bradenton, Florida
 * WVFJ-FM, licensed to Manchester, Georgia
 * KSDA-FM, licensed to Agat, Guam
 * WJYW, licensed to Union City, Indiana, known as Joy FM from 1999 to 2015
 * WBOC-FM, licensed to Princess Anne, Maryland, known as Joy 102.5 until 2015
 * WHYT, licensed to Goodland Township, Michigan, known as Joy FM from 2000 to 2004
 * WBCT, licensed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, known as Joy FM from 1986 to 1988
 * KLJY, licensed to Clayton, Missouri
 * WJYJ, licensed to Hickory, North Carolina
 * WXRI, licensed to Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * WTJY, licensed to Asheboro, North Carolina
 * WRFE, licensed to Chesterfield, South Carolina
 * WTTX-FM, licensed to Appomattox, Virginia
 * WPJW, licensed to Hurricane, West Virginia
 * WSJY, licensed to Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, formerly known as Joy FM
 * WJMR-FM licensed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, known as Joy FM from 1979 to 1983

title: Joy FM


text:
Talk:Beer in Poland

Untitled
I would like to develop this page alot more. --Jseidel 01:49, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciations
How are these beer brands pronounced?

 * Pronunciation in Polish is very straightforward. It's nearly 1:1 with spelling. See Polish pronunciation guide. --Grzes 12:20, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Leszek the White
The Polish knights did not participate in crusades because of lack of mead in the Middle East, not beer. --Grzes 12:28, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
 * As a matter of fact Leszek wrote about both: beer and mead. You can check it in polish wiki, as I wrote about this some time ago. Gardomir 18:12, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

mistake to be corrected
The article says "Polish brewers made more than 30 hectoliters of beer in 2005". Obviously a couple of zeros are missing here :-) Could someone correct it asap ? Jotel 11:20, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Varieties
I added several varieties and links to other wiki pages. Anybody know the 5th largest brewery and so on? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rachelskit (talk • contribs) 20:32, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Beer or breweries?
This article seems like it should be moved to breweries of Poland; it's mostly about companies than the beer itself. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 10:17, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Beer in Poland


text:
Talk:Hurricane Dora (1964)

Image
An image is needed to go in the infobox. Jdorje 01:19, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Donna
I reverted the Hurricane Donna mention, because that crossed the state. Many hurricanes have crossed the state, exiting on or near Jacksonville. That obviously isn't the same thing. Mike H (Talking is hot) 01:50, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Got the image
An image has been posted so I remove the request

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 19:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Todo
Better intro, more impact. Jdorje 21:18, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Virtually no Impact section. Downgraded to Stub as a result. CrazyC83 05:19, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Changed a few things
Hi, I have changed the damage figures to $239 million because of this document which shows that the final damage estimates total to about $239-240 million. I also changed the death toll to 5 because this document and this document show that two people died while securing boats. This information was not in the original article so I added it. Thank you for your time.-- Bobby122  Contact Me  05:27, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Hurricane Dora
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Hurricane Dora's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "mwr": From Hurricane Diane:  From Hurricane Elena:  From 1960 Atlantic hurricane season:  From Hurricane Betsy:  From Hurricane Ione:  From Hurricane Klaus:  From 1898 Georgia hurricane:  From 1968 Atlantic hurricane season:

From Hurricane Carol:

From Hurricane Camille:

From Hurricane Anita:

From Hurricane Donna:

From Hurricane Janet: See pp. 321-323.

From Hurricane Hattie:

From Hurricane Gloria:

From Hurricane Agnes:

From Hurricane Hazel:

From Hurricane Audrey:

From Hurricane Inez:

From Hurricane David:

From Hurricane Connie:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 00:18, 29 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 12 August 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved.  Ks0stm  (T•C•G•E) 07:18, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

Hurricane Dora → Hurricane Dora (1964) – There are numerous hurricane named Dora with some significance that this Dora is not the primary topic, especially after the one in 2023. 220.156.77.110 (talk) 09:19, 12 August 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 07:55, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
 * AgreeErnestnywang (talk) 13:00, 12 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I disagree — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.86.206.73 (talk) 08:08, 13 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Relisting comment: requesting more comments based on policy — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 07:55, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Weather has been notified of this discussion. — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 07:56, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose, no clear evidence that this is not the primary topic when this remains the only instance of Hurricane Dora with significant direct land impacts, enough for the name to be retired from the Atlantic naming list. 2023's Hurricane Dora is of course more fresh in the memory, but I'd warn against falling victim to recency bias when trying to compare the lasting significance of each storm (1964 Dora's impact in Florida is still being discussed today). It'd be a different story if this year's Dora directly caused the Hawaii wildfires, but that isn't the case. ~ KN2731 {talk · contribs} 10:10, 19 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose per KN2731 foo  bar  baz  05:19, 20 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose because it’s not clear the Hawaii wildfires were actually related to Dora. 199.76.112.12 (talk) 17:59, 20 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Dora (1964)


text:
I SS Panzer Corps

The I SS Panzer Corps (I.SS-Panzerkorps) was a German armoured corps of the Waffen-SS. It saw action on both the Western and Eastern Fronts during World War II.

Formation and training
The corps was raised on 26 July 1943 in Berlin-Lichterfeld, with initial mustering taking place on the Truppenübungsplatz at Beverloo, in occupied Belgium. SS-Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich, previously the commander of the SS Division Leibstandarte (LSSAH), became the corps' first commander.

In August 1943, the corps was transferred to Meran in Italy, where it took part in operations to disarm Italian troops. After this, the corps continued its training, being sporadically engaged in anti-partisan operations in northern Italy. By December 1943, the corps was fully formed and deemed ready for action, with its HQ being set up in Brussels in early 1944.

Western Front: Normandy
In April 1944, the corps was moved to Septeuil, to the west of Paris, where it was assigned the SS Division Leibstandarte, SS Division Hitlerjugend, Panzer-Lehr-Division and the SS Division Götz von Berlichingen. The corps was attached to the 5th Panzer Army, the Western theatre's armoured reserve.

With the launch of Operation Overlord, the allied invasion of France on 6 June 1944, the corps was ordered to Falaise. The Hitlerjugend Division engaged British and Canadian troops to the north of Caen on 8 June. The corps was tasked with holding the area of Caen and saw heavy fighting around the villages of Authie, Buron, and the airport at Carpiquet.

After the launch of Operation Cobra, which destroyed the remnants of the Panzer-Lehr-Division, the corps was ordered to take part in Operation Lüttich, the abortive counter-offensive towards Avranches. The corps was caught in the Falaise pocket, where it fought to maintain a corridor for the trapped German forces, losing all its armour and equipment in the process. After the collapse of the front, the corps retreated to the Franco-German border.

Battle of the Bulge
In early October 1944, the corps was pulled back from the front line for rest and refit in Westfalen. Refitting was complete by early December, and it was ordered to the Ardennes region to join Sepp Dietrich's 6th Panzer Army, in preparation for an offensive codenamed Wacht Am Rhein, and the ensuing Battle of the Bulge. The corps played a major role in the battle with Kampfgruppe Peiper of the Leibstandarte forming a mobile spearhead. After several weeks heavy fighting with severely limited fuel supplies, and heavy Allied air attacks, the corps was exhausted. The offensive had to be called off. Kampfgruppe Peiper became infamous during the battle for the murder of U.S. prisoners of war in what became known as the Malmedy massacre. In the wake of the defeat, the corps along with the remainder of Dietrich's Army, was moved to Hungary.

Hungary and Austria
The corps, composed of LSSAH and Hitlerjugend SS divisions, was instrumental in one of the last successful German offensives, Operation Southwind, eliminating the Soviet bridgehead west of the Garam in February 1945. The Germans then launched a pincer movement north and south of Lake Balaton as part of Operation Spring Awakening on 6 March, 1945. This area included some of the last oil reserves still available to the Axis. The attack was spearheaded by the 6th SS Panzer Army and included the corps, made up of elite units such as the LSSAH and Hitlerjugend divisions. Dietrich's army made "good progress" at first, but as they drew near the Danube, the combination of the muddy terrain and strong Soviet resistance ground them to a halt. On 16 March, the Soviet forces counterattacked in strength, which forced the entire southern front to retreat towards Vienna. The German forces, including the LSSAH and the Hitlerjugend divisions, could not hold the city of Vienna, which fell to the Soviet forces on 13 April. The Germans units then retreated into Hungary. Thereafter, the bulk of the LSSAH surrendered to US forces near Steyr and the SS Division Hitlerjugend surrendered to US troops near the town of Enns, Austria on 8 May 1945.

Commanders

 * SS-Oberstgruppenführer Josef Dietrich (4 July 1943 – 9 August 1944)
 * SS-Brigadeführer Fritz Kraemer (9 – 16 August 1944)
 * SS-Obergruppenführer Georg Keppler (16 August 1944 – 30 October 1944)
 * SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Priess (30 October 1944 – 8 May 1945)

Orders of battle
6 June 1944 (Invasion of Normandy)
 * S SS-Pz Abt 101.jpg 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion
 * 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler.svg 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
 * 12SSHJinsig.svg 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
 * 17th SS Division Logo.svg SS Division Götz von Berlichingen
 * SS Pz Lehr divisional insignia.svg Panzer Lehr Division

7 August 1944 (Operation Luttich)
 * 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler.svg 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (elements)
 * SS-Panzer-Division symbol.svg 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich

16 December 1944 (Operation Wacht Am Rhein)
 * S SS-Pz Abt 101.jpg 501st Heavy SS Panzer Battalion
 * 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler.svg 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
 * 12SSHJinsig.svg 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
 * 3rd Fallschirmjäger Division (Wehrmacht WW2).svg 3rd Parachute Division
 * 12th Infanterie Division Logo.svg 12th Volksgrenadier Division
 * 277. Infanterie Division.png 277th Infantry Division

8 January 1945 (Battle of the Bulge)
 * Kampfgruppe Peiper (remnants)
 * S SS-Pz Abt 101.jpg 501st Heavy SS Panzer Battalion
 * 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler.svg 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
 * 12SSHJinsig.svg 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend

3 March 1945 (build-up for Operation Spring Awakening)
 * 1. SS-Panzer-Division Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler.svg 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
 * 1st SS Panzer Regiment
 * 501st Heavy SS Panzer Battalion (2nd battalion of the 1st SS Panzer Regiment)
 * 1st SS Panzerjäger Battalion
 * 1st SS Panzergrenadier Battalion
 * 2nd SS Panzergrenadier Battalion
 * 12SSHJinsig.svg 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
 * 12th SS Panzer Regiment
 * 25th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment
 * 26th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment
 * 12th SS Panzerjäger Battalion
 * 560th Heavy Panzerjäger Battalion

title: I SS Panzer Corps


text:
Talk:Donggala Regency

{

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion unanimously. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 01:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Maybe there should be a new vote?--Ecumenism 00:14, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Donggala Regency


text:
Lubyanka (Moscow Metro)

Lubyanka (Лубя́нка) is a station on the Sokolnicheskaya Line of the Moscow Metro, located under Lubyanka Square. The facility, originally called Dzerzhinskaya (Дзержинская) station, opened in 1935 as part of the first stage of the metro.

Name
The station was originally named Dzerzhinskaya after Dzerzhinsky Square, but it was changed on 5 November 1990 after the square's original name, Lubyanka, was restored. There is still a bust of Felix Dzerzhinsky in the station vestibule.

History
Construction work on the station began in December 1933, and the engineers were faced with extremely difficult soil conditions from the outset. The area under Lubyanka square is made of Jurassic clay, beneath which are layers of quicksand and Carboniferous clay. The Metro station was planned to rest on top of the Carboniferous clay, which was thought to be firm enough to support its weight. It was quickly discovered, however, that the clay was much softer than anticipated due to the proximity of an underground channel of the Neglinnaya River and also tended to swell greatly when exposed to air. This meant that the tunnels had to be built one section at a time, very quickly, in order to allow the concrete to set before the pressure exerted by the expanding clay increased to the point where the wooden forms could no longer contain it.

Nikolai Ladovsky's initial design had to be significantly modified in order to cope with these problems. In order to minimize the amount of excavation required, the planned full-length central hall was abandoned in favour of a short passage at the end of the station connecting the two platform tubes, similar to many London Underground stations. This simplified the construction of the station while still allowing the planned hall to be built in the future.

Even after the design change, the station's construction was plagued by difficulties. Quicksand from between the two layers of clay began to seep into the construction site almost immediately, and due to the unexpected softness of the Carboniferous clay the station began to slowly sink. Nevertheless, the builders of the station were able to surmount these problems and Lubyanka was opened as planned on 15 May 1935. The heroic efforts of the Metro builders are memorialized in a sculptural composition in the vestibule on Nikolskaya street.

In 1965 it was revealed that Lubyanka was to become a transfer point to the planned Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line, making it clear that the station would need to be completed. Technology had advanced to the point where the building of the central hall, which had been deemed impossible in the 1930s, could finally be accomplished, though this project still took more than seven years to complete. The first phase of the station's expansion was the construction of a second entrance at the northern end, which was completed in 1968.

The construction of the northern half of the central hall was simplified by using the new technique of soil freezing, but this could not be used on the southern half. Workers were forced to go back to the original method of quickly building one tunnel segment at a time before the expansion of the clay could crush them. Once the central hall was finished passages to the platforms were blown through using explosives. In 1972 the station was finally reopened.

The reconstruction of the station was an engineering triumph, but it was much less impressive aesthetically with blocky white marble pylons and white tiled walls replacing the strikingly patterned dark marble used in the old station. Though the old section of the central hall still exists, the overall effect has been lost. The architects of the expansion were Nina Alexandrovna Aleshin and A.F. Strelkov. In 1975, escalators were added in the centre of the platform for the transfer to the new Kuznetsky Most station.

Entrances and transfers
The station has numerous entrances, but only two vestibules. The original western vestibule is subterranean and its entrance pavilion is built into the ground floor of a building that stands at the start of the Nikolskaya Street on one side and Malyy Cherkassky side street on the other. The distinctive facade, facing the Lubyanka square, with twin arches was designed by architect Iosif Loveyko, to remind the public of the historic Vladimir gates of the Kitay-gorod wall that was demolished a few years prior. In 1957 a subway was built connecting the vestibule and the new Detsky Mir (Children's World) shop, under the Teatralny drive. The original 3 N-type escalators were replaced in 1997 by ET-3M type (21.8 metres/71 ft high), during which the vestibule underwent renovation.

The second entrance was opened in 1968, due to the landscape and the axis of the station platform to vestibule is done via two escalators and an interim mezzanine station that rotates the passenger traffic by 180 degrees. The large incline from platform to the mezzanine retains the three LT-4 21.4 metre (70 ft) high escalators. The 7 metre (23 ft) high smaller incline to the subterranean vestibule originally had three LP-6I escalators, but as this model proved troublesome after long use, it was prematurely replaced throughout the Metro during the 1990s. Lubyanka's turn came in 1995 and three ET-5Ms now soldier in their place.

Building of the vestibule included a reconstruction of the whole square, that feature a long subway under the square's square's eastern and southern perimeter: two entrances on the corner of the FSB headquarters and a service drive along its western facade, two on the corner of FSB's computing centre (Lubyasky drive and Myasnitskaya street), a further two to the small garden before the Polytechnical Museum the containing the Solovetsky Stone memorial (Lubyansky drive and Novaya square) and a final two right in front of the original entrance. From the new subway, a small passageway was added linking the old vestibule underground. It is thus possible to circumvent the whole square underground and walk from one vestibule to the other without descending to the platforms.

In 2008 the Detsky Mir was closed for reconstruction, and the original building that the entrance was built into was demolished in 2010 and a Kempinski hotel is being erected in its place, though the ground floor and facade are retained. Thus the only way to access the original vestibule is via the mentioned passageway.

The station serves as a transfer point to Kuznetsky Most, which linked by a passenger tunnel under the station. Access to which is provided by a pair of tandem escalators in the middle of the central hall. Like on the entrance, the original four LP-6I units, in place since 1975, were replaced in 1993 by ET-5M series.

2010 bombing
On 29 March 2010 a bomb was reported to have gone off at the Lubyanka station, on the Sokolnicheskaya (Сокольническая), during rush hour, at 7:56 AM local time. Early reports suggest that 40 people have been killed, 14 of whom were in the second train carriage where the explosion is believed to have taken place.

A second explosion was reported at Park Kultury station

title: Lubyanka (Moscow Metro)


text:
List of dirt track ovals in the United States

Dirt track racing is the single most common form of auto racing in the United States. According to the National Speedway Directory, there are over 700 dirt oval tracks in operation in the US.

The composition of the dirt on tracks has an effect on the amount of grip available. Many tracks use clay with a specific mixture of dirt. Tracks are sometimes banked in the turns and on the straights. This banking is utilized primarily to allow vehicles to carry more speed through the corners. However, some tracks prefer less banked turns.

Race tracks by state

 * Alabama
 * Hollis Speedway
 * Alaska
 * Alaska Raceway Park
 * Arkansas
 * Riverside International Speedway
 * California
 * Cal Expo
 * Ocean Speedway
 * Placerville Speedway
 * Delaware
 * Delaware International Speedway
 * Georgetown Speedway
 * Florida
 * Volusia County Speedway
 * Illinois
 * Macon Speedway
 * Indiana
 * Kokomo Speedway
 * Terre Haute Action Track
 * Tri-State Speedway
 * Iowa
 * Boone Speedway
 * Crawford County Speedway
 * Davenport Speedway
 * Knoxville Raceway
 * Kansas
 * Belleville High Banks
 * Lakeside Speedway
 * Maryland
 * Hagerstown Speedway
 * Potomac Speedway
 * Minnesota
 * Madison Speedway
 * Ogilvie Raceway
 * Missouri
 * Missouri State Fair Speedway
 * Nebraska
 * Nebraska Raceway Park
 * Nevada
 * The Dirt Track at Las Vegas Motor Speedway
 * New Jersey
 * Bridgeport Speedway
 * New Egypt Speedway
 * New York
 * Albany-Saratoga Speedway
 * Brewerton Speedway
 * Can Am Motorsports Park
 * Canandaigua Motorsports Park
 * Fonda Speedway
 * Fulton Speedway
 * Little Valley Speedway (closed 2018)
 * New York State Fairgrounds The Moody Mile (last race 10/11/15)
 * Orange County Fair Speedway
 * Stateline Speedway
 * Utica-Rome Speedway
 * Weedsport Speedway
 * Ohio
 * Eldora Speedway
 * Fremont Speedway
 * Mansfield Motorsports Park
 * Oregon
 * Sunset Speedway
 * Pennsylvania
 * Grandview Speedway
 * Mercer Raceway Park
 * Port Royal Speedway
 * Selinsgrove Speedway
 * Tri-City Raceway Park
 * Texas
 * 85 Speedway
 * Cowtown Speedway
 * Royal Purple Raceway
 * Texas Motor Speedway Dirt Track
 * Vermont
 * Devil's Bowl Speedway
 * West Virginia
 * Tyler County Speedway
 * Wisconsin
 * 141 Speedway
 * Angell Park Speedway
 * Beaver Dam Raceway
 * Cedar Lake Speedway
 * Seymour Speedway


text:
List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes

Sherlock Holmes is the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history, having appeared on screen 254 times as of 2012. Additionally, many actors have portrayed Sherlock Holmes in audio dramas and stage productions.

Actors who have played both Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson
A small number of actors have played both Holmes and Watson, including Reginald Owen who played Watson in Sherlock Holmes (1932) and Holmes in A Study in Scarlet (1933); Jeremy Brett, who played Watson on stage in the United States prior to adopting the mantle of Holmes on British television; Howard Marion-Crawford, who played Holmes on British radio and Watson on American television; Carleton Hobbs, who played both roles in British radio adaptations; and Patrick Macnee, who played both roles in US television movies.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fate of Io

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 23:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Fate of Io
This is an unfunished game project, which has been in works for 4 years, and which the article says may never be finished. Dsmdgold 01:53, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Gwk 01:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nominator and gwk (nn). -mysekurity 02:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. royblumy 05:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Games are only worthy of inclusion if:
 * 1) It's highly anticipated by a major developer.
 * 2) Is actually on the market and playable.
 * This is neither. - Mgm|(talk) 08:31, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * comment. As I stated below, the (admittedly low) notability is established not by virtue of this being a video game, but by virtue of it being a unique project. Dystopos 23:08, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. -- Natalinasmpf 12:12, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Should we remove Duke Nukem Forever from Wikipedia aswell, I don't think it's anticipated by anyone anymore. Havok 16:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not to speak for Mgm, but I suspect that his conditions should be read with an or between points 1 and 2. I assume that Duke Nukem Forever is, or has been, on the market, and is playable. Dsmdgold 01:44, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, Duke Nukem Forever has been in development for 8 years, I remember I was excited about this game when I was 16 years old. They have changed engine 6 times or something, and the game has NEVER been shown to the public. The only thing that has been shown was some pictures of it 6 years ago. Havok 09:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems, then, that it is part of a series of popular games, which would make it highly anticipated. The level of detail of your knowledge of the development of the game would also indicate that it was highly anticipated, even if most people have now lost hope of it coming out. 'The Fate of Io has never had anybody excited about its possible release. Dsmdgold 14:50, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Duke Nukem Forever is a special case, having become quite infamous for its status as vaporware. Fate of Io is in the same vein, much less famous, but slightly notable for being a pioneering open-source project and a somewhat unique community. I've made some changes to the article. I can't say it's notable, but it is verifiable and NPOV.Dystopos 23:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Mgm. Dcarrano 22:49, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Japan Ice Hockey League

The Japan Ice Hockey League (JIHL) (日本アイスホッケーリーグ) was an annual ice hockey league that began in 1966 and ended in 2004 when it was replaced by Asia League Ice Hockey. Only Japanese teams competed in the JIHL.

Baseball and football have been the dominant Japanese sports for decades, but ice hockey in Japan started in the 1920s.

Teams have been competing in the All Japan Championships since 1930, making the tournament one of the oldest sporting competitions in the country.

Professional hockey arrived in 1966 with the Japan Ice Hockey League. Originally a five-team league, the JIHL expanded to six teams in 1974 and stayed that way until tough economic times led to budget cutbacks and eventually the demise of the league in 2004.

Organizers decided the sport could only prosper in Asia if teams in Japan, China and South Korea formed a multinational league, and in 2004 the 38-year-old JIHL was abandoned in favor of Asia League Ice Hockey.

Fictional player
Fictional ice hockey player Taro Tsujimoto was said to have come from the "Tokyo Katanas" of the JIHL; neither the player nor the team existed, but were instead the creation of George Imlach. Imlach, as general manager of the Buffalo Sabres, legally drafted Tsujimoto with the 183rd pick in the 1974 NHL Entry Draft, in protest of the league's secrecy policies. When Imlach revealed Tsujimoto was not a real person, the pick was subsequently invalidated.

title: Japan Ice Hockey League


text: User talk:69.174.225.165

title: User talk:69.174.225.165


text:
Seattle Underground

The Seattle Underground is a network of underground passageways and basements in the Pioneer Square neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States. They were located at ground level when the city was built in the mid-19th century but fell into disuse after the streets were elevated. In recent decades, they have become a tourist attraction, with guided tours taking place around the area.

History

At approximately 2:20 p.m. on June 6, 1889, an accidentally overturned glue pot in a carpentry shop started the most destructive fire in the history of Seattle. After this Great Seattle Fire, new construction was required to be of masonry, and the town's streets were regraded one to two stories higher. Pioneer Square had originally been built mostly on filled-in tidelands and often flooded. The new street level also kept sewers draining into Elliott Bay from backing up at high tide.

For the regrade, the streets were lined with concrete walls that formed narrow alleyways between the walls and the buildings on both sides of the street, with a wide "alley" where the street was. The naturally steep hillsides were used and, through a series of sluices, material was washed into the wide "alleys", by raising the streets to the desired new level, generally 12 ft higher than before, in some places nearly 30 ft.

At first, pedestrians climbed ladders to go between street level and the sidewalks in front of the building entrances. Brick archways were constructed next to the road surface, above the submerged sidewalks. Vault lights (a form of walk-on skylight with small panes of clear glass which later became amethyst-colored) were installed over the gap from the raised street and the building, creating the area now called the Seattle Underground.

When they reconstructed their buildings, merchants and landlords knew that the ground floor would eventually be underground and the next floor up would be the new ground floor, so there is very little decoration on the doors and windows of the original ground floor, but extensive decoration on the new ground floor.

Once the new sidewalks were complete, building owners moved their businesses to the new ground floor, although merchants carried on business in the lowest floors of buildings that survived the fire, and pedestrians continued to use the underground sidewalks lit by the vault lights (still seen on some streets) embedded in the grade-level vaulted sidewalk above.

In 1907, the city condemned the Underground for fear of bubonic plague, two years before the 1909 World Fair in Seattle (Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition). The basements were left to deteriorate or were used as storage. Some became illegal flophouses for the homeless, gambling halls, speakeasies, and opium dens.

Tours
Only a small portion of the Seattle Underground has been restored and made safe and accessible to the public on guided tours. In 1965, local citizen Bill Speidel formally created "Bill Speidel's Underground Tour", which continues to operate from the Pioneer Building and adjacent buildings. The tour route passes disused storefronts, artifacts, and multiple tunnel entrances.

A second tour, Beneath the Streets, was created in 2013 and uses other sections of the Underground network.

title: Seattle Underground


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Darrell May

Darrell Kevin May (born June 13, 1972) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher.

Career
May's professional baseball career began when the Atlanta Braves drafted him in the 46th round of the 1992 Major League Baseball Draft.

May spent parts of three seasons in the Major Leagues with the Braves, Pirates, and Angels, before being sold to the Hanshin Tigers of Japan's Central League in 1998.

May spent four seasons in Japan, two each with the Hanshin Tigers and the Yomiuri Giants. In 2001, he had his best season with 12 wins and a 2.95 ERA, and finished third in MVP balloting. Royals' General Manager Allard Baird, on a scouting trip in September 2001, was impressed by May's performance and signed him to a 1-year contract.

May struggled in 2002, but the Royals re-signed him for 2003. May responded by going 10–8 with a 3.77 ERA and leading the team in wins, ERA, innings pitched, strikeouts, complete games and games started.

Coaching career
Darrel May currently coaches high school baseball at St. Michaels Catholic Academy in Austin, Texas.

title: Darrell May


text:
Talk:Python Imaging Library

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 01:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Scipy and Numpy Don't Use PIL
Please see: before arguing. Maxerickson 00:21, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * http://svn.scipy.org/svn/scipy/trunk/INSTALL.txt
 * http://svn.scipy.org/svn/numpy/trunk/README.txt

Pillow
Hello all, from a quick Google search it turns out that Pillow is actually a fork of PIL that is very updated. Perhaps this could be reflected in the article, I'm not too sure about how i should do this Ajlee2006 (talk) 12:41, 8 June 2020 (UTC)
 * The page already mentions Pillow, what did you have in mind? The page should probably be move to Pillow (library) with Pillow as main focus and PIL mentioned in the history?. Jonpatterns (talk) 11:29, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

format pil import image
image=image.open('rabbit.jpg') carrot=image.open('carrot.jpg') image.paste(carrot,(50,50),carrot image.show 5.122.136.220 (talk) 09:09, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Python Imaging Library


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Missouri Route 17

Route 17 is a highway in central and southern Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 54 in Eugene, which is six miles (10 km) northeast of Eldon; its southern terminus is at the Arkansas state line where it continues into Arkansas as Highway 395. Between Waynesville and east of Laquey, part of the road was historic U.S. Route 66. South of Interstate 44, Route 17 enters the Mark Twain National Forest and passes through the western edge of Fort Leonard Wood.

Originally, Route 17 terminated at Mountain View.

In 2021, a section of the route in Howell, Texas County, Missouri was reduced for improvements.

title: Missouri Route 17


text: File:Mysterious Suspense 1.jpg

title: File:Mysterious Suspense 1.jpg


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CFXY-FM

CFXY-FM (105.3 MHz) is a Canadian radio station in Fredericton, New Brunswick. The station uses the on-air brand Bounce 105.3 with an adult hits format. The station is owned by Bell Media, which also owns sister stations CIBX-FM and CKHJ. The station's transmitter is off Route 620 at Hamtown Corner in Douglas, north west of Fredericton.

History
CFXY was launched on July 15, 1983, as CKHJ-FM, and first operated at 93.1 on the FM dial. In 1992, CKHJ-FM received CRTC approval to change its frequency from 93.1 to 105.3 FM.

In June 2000, CIHI (1260 AM) changed its call sign and switched frequencies with co-owned country station CKHJ, which was at 105.3 FM.

The station was owned by Radio One Ltd. until 1999, when it was sold to Telemedia Communications. Telemedia sold the stations to Astral Media in 2002, which was then acquired by Bell Media as of 2013.

As part of a mass format reorganization by Bell Media, on May 18, 2021, CFXY flipped to adult hits, and adopted the Bounce branding.

title: CFXY-FM


text:
Talk:Arj Barker

Cleanup-tone
This article reads like a newspaper "lifestyles section" blurb based on a press release (no offense to those who have worked on it so far). I think it can be tightened up quite a bit, but I'd rather have someone who knows the subject of the article do it. - dcljr (talk) 01:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Did my best about that, but someone with a better grasp on both Arj and Wikipedia style should go over it as well. --Charron 03:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Funny as it is, and fitting for his comedy style, I don't think the "World of Warcraft" trivia bit is kosher with wikipedia. CP 22:16, 22 April 2008

External links modified
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Born in 1974 graduated high school in 1989
So he graduated high school at 15 years old? That's something worth of note if that's true... -Ben S.- 21:21, 6 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I found (and added) a couple of sources supporting the fact that he graduated in 1989. His date of birth is also supported by a reference (admittedly only IMDb), so in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, I can only assume it's true. DH85868993 (talk) 09:46, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arj Barker


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FK Pelister

FK Pelister (ФК Пелистер) is a football club based in the city of Bitola, North Macedonia. They are currently competing in the Macedonian First League.

History
FK Pelister was originally formed in 1945. In 1946, they won the Bitola regional title and that same year they merged with Rabotnik. The club won the Bitola title once again in 1950 and 1951. During that time the most influential players were: Georgievski, Dimitrovski, Petrovski, Naumovski, Lazarevski, Sekerdžievski, Avramovski, Nestorov and Eftimovski.

The team played primarily in the lower divisions of the former Yugoslavia and were champions of the Macedonian Republic League on four occasions, along with winning the Macedonian Republic Cup four times in: 1959, 1962, 1985 and 1991. They earned promotion to the Yugoslav Second League group east (that included clubs from Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia) for the first time in 1974, which was a big success for that generation. Some of the most famous players at the time were: Grbevski, Dukovski, Cvetkovski, Taškov, Bogoevski, Gočevski, Ristevski, Tristovski, Mickovski, Dimovski, Markovski, Upalevski and the manager Stavre Eftimovski. Soon after, they were relegated but made another comeback in 1982 with Mitko Butlevski as chairman and Ivan Čabrinović as manager. The club played 350 matches and had an overall record of 143 wins, 69 draws and 138 losses in the Yugoslav Second League. The biggest success came in the 1990–91 Yugoslav Cup when they reached the 1/8 final, getting eliminated on away goals by the eventual champion Hajduk Split. Pelister played their final season in the Yugoslav league system in the 1991–92 Yugoslav First League finishing in 15th place.

Following the formation of the First Macedonian Football League, Pelister had early success consistently finishing in the Top 5. They also made it to the Macedonian Cup final the first two seasons coming up short both times. The club became rivals with Vardar Skopje which created the Eternal derby of Macedonia and continued the Pelagonia regional derby with Pobeda Prilep. In 2000, Pelister became the first team in independent Macedonia to reach the third phase of a European competition. They made it to round three of the 2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup, losing 1–5 on aggregate to one of the winners Celta de Vigo. Finally, the club earned its first major trophy in 2001 by winning the Macedonian Cup, after which they played in the UEFA Cup. In 2003, the team fell on hard times caused by financial problems and was relegated. A few years later, former players Mitko Stojkovski and Toni Micevski were able to save the club from collapse. After taking over the club they brought instant success with the team winning the 2005–06 Macedonian Second League title. The following year they made a successful comeback to the Macedonian First League and got to the 2006–07 Macedonian Cup semifinal. In the 2007–08 season, the club had its best season to date finishing in 3rd place. Once again, they played in the UEFA Cup where they lost 0–1 on aggregate to APOEL. Another case of financial difficulties and poor results, once again relegated them back to second division for the 2011–12 season. This time, however, relying mostly on young players from Bitola and led by captain Dragan Dimitrovski, Pelister made an immediate return to the top division, but after the 2014–15 season, the club was once again relegated. This time it happened under the managerial leadership of Gjoko Hadžievski and new owner Cermat, represented by Zoran Ristevski. Under the ownership of Cermat and municipality of Bitola, after being relegated the team has continued to languish in the second division. But, after a following season, the club was again immediately returned to the First League, despite the relegation battle. In the following season, the club won the 2016–17 Macedonian Cup for the second time and ended up playing in the Europa League, which was the first participation in a European competition since 2008. Unfortunately, this was not an end to the turbulent period for the club, since they were relegated for the fourth time the following season. The problems went deeper as players and board left the club, while facing more financial problems. Despite all that, they still made the final of the 2017–18 Macedonian Football Cup.

The club focuses heavily on youth players from the Bitola region with a strong talent development. Gjorgji Hristov, Dragi Kanatlarovski, Toni Micevski, Nikolče Noveski, Toni Savevski and Mitko Stojkovski are some of the famous Bitola natives to start their careers with the club. Therefore, Pelister is known as the nursery of young and talented players who have left and gone to have success at various clubs in Macedonia and abroad.

Colours and crest
The club colours have traditionally been green and white. The crest is formed in a shape of a shield, at the top left corner it has always had the number 1945 inscribed, which is the year of the club's foundation. In the latest version it includes the Cyrillic letters FK, on the right side. Shape of a mountain forms in the backdrop (to honor the mountain peak Pelister) with the name of the club in the center and a classic leather football underneath it. Early versions of the crest included the colour black, but now the entire badge uses only two colours, green and white.

Prior to the 2016 season, Australian club Pascoe Vale FC (Formerly Pascoe Vale Pelister) announced they would adopt a new logo, inspired by that of FK Pelister, to tie back to their original namesake and immigrant origins.

Supporters
Čkembari (Чкембари) are an Ultras group, established in 1985, who support the Macedonian sports clubs from Bitola that compete under the Pelister banner, mainly FK Pelister in football and RK Pelister in handball. The group was founded in 1985 when a caravan of 15 buses traveled to support RK Pelister who was playing against Partizan Bjelovar in a handball relegation play-off match. At that time they used the name BMČM – Bitolčani, Motorcyclists, Čkembari, Macedonians (БМЧМ – Битолчани, Мотокари, Чкембари, Македонци) later shortened to just Čkembari. Soon after, the first green and white banners were created that read: „Hell Boys“ (Пеколни момци) and „Green Conquerors“ (Зелени освојувачи) which started organized support for Pelister at every match.

Rivalries
The club's main rival is FK Vardar from Skopje; their matches are called the Eternal derby of Macedonia. The other significant rival are FK Pobeda in what is known as the Pelagonia derby. It’s a derby between the two best clubs from two cities with fierce rivalry, Bitola and Prilep, both located in the ancient Macedonian province of Pelagonia.

Honours

 *  Macedonian Republic League
 * Winners (7): 1949–50, 1950–51, 1956–57, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1974–75 and 1981–82
 * 🇲🇰 Macedonian Second League
 * Winners (2): 2005–06 and 2011–12
 *  Macedonian Republic Cup
 * Winners (4): 1958–59, 1961–62, 1984–85 and 1990–91
 * 🇲🇰 Macedonian Football Cup
 * Winners (2): 2000–01 and 2016–17
 * Runners-up (3): 1992–93, 1993–94 and 2017–18

Recent seasons
1The 2019–20 season was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia.

Club rankings
(As of 25 September 2021)
 * UEFA club coefficient ranking

Club records in UEFA competitions

 * Biggest Win in UEFA Competition: 17/06/2000, Pelister 3–1 Hobscheid, at Bitola
 * Biggest Defeat in UEFA Competition: 30/06/2017, Lech Poznań 4–0 Pelister, at Poznań
 * Club Appearances in UEFA Competition: 4
 * Player with Most UEFA Appearances: 🇲🇰 Mile Dimov – 9 appearances
 * Top Scorer in UEFA Club Competitions: 🇲🇰 Ilir Elmazovski and 🇲🇰 Martin Georgievski – 3 goals

Current squad
As of 11 July 2024

Club officials
As of 10 August 2023

Historical list of coaches

 * Stavre Eftimovski
 * Ivan Čabrinović
 * Gjoko Hadjievski (1988 – 1990)
 * Tome Dimitrovski (1990 – 1992)
 * 🇲🇰 Kire Gruevski (1992 – 1993)
 * 🇲🇰 Zoran Smileski
 * 🇲🇰 Ilija Dimoski
 * 🇲🇰 Dushan Kechan (1995 – 1996)
 * 🇲🇰 Nexhat Husein (1999)
 * 🇲🇰 Kiril Dojchinovski (2000)
 * Branko Božić (2000)
 * 🇲🇰 Spase Ristevski (2001)
 * 🇲🇰 Blagoja Kitanovski (2001 – 2002)
 * 🇲🇰 Perica Gruevski (2003)
 * 🇲🇰 Marjan Sekulovski (2004 – 2007)
 * 🇲🇰 Nexhat Husein (2007 – Nov 2008)
 * 🇲🇰 Zlatko Cvetanovski (interim) (16 Nov 2008 - Feb 2009)
 * 🇲🇰 Alekso Mackov (1 Mar 2009 - Sep 2009)
 * 🇲🇰 Gjoko Ilievski (29 Sep 2009 - Oct 2009)
 * 🇲🇰 Naum Ljamchevski (6 Oct 2009 - Sep 2010)
 * 🇲🇰 Nexhat Husein (24 Sep 2010 – Jun 2011)
 * 🇲🇰 Marjan Sekulovski (2011 – 2012)
 * 🇲🇰 Mile Dimov (interim) (2012)
 * 🇲🇰 Gorazd Mihajlov (Jul 2012 - Dec 2012)
 * 🇲🇰 Gordan Zdravkov (11 Jan 2013 - May 2013)
 * 🇲🇰 Mile Dimov (interim) (6 May 2013 – Jun 2013)
 * 🇲🇰 Dragan Bocheski (Jul 2013 – Jun 2014)
 * 🇲🇰 Marjan Sekulovski (Jul 2014 - Nov 2014)
 * 🇲🇰 Dimitar Kapinkovski (interim) (24 Nov 2014 - Dec 2014)
 * 🇲🇰 Gjoko Hadžievski (4 Dec 2014 – 2015)
 * 🇲🇰 Naum Ljamchevski (Jul 2015 - Oct 2016)
 * 🇹🇷 Naci Şensoy (Oct 2016 – Jul 2017)
 * 🇲🇰 Srgjan Zaharievski (19 Jul 2017 – 26 Oct 2017)
 * 🇲🇰 Spase Ristevski (interim) (Nov 2017 – 31 Dec 2017)
 * 🇲🇰 Marjan Sekulovski (Jan 2018 – Apr 2018)
 * 🇲🇰 Nexhat Husein (2018)
 * 🇲🇰 Tome Trajanovski (2018)
 * 🇲🇰 Darko Krsteski (2018 – 2019)
 * 🇲🇰 Zoran Shterjovski (2019-2020)
 * 🇲🇰 Dimitar Kapinkovski (2021)
 * 🇲🇰 Marjan Sekulovski (2022)
 * 🇲🇰 Boban Babunski (2023)
 * 🇲🇰 Vlatko Kostov (2023 –)

title: FK Pelister