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Talk:Community areas in Chicago

Untitled
How about adding an infobox template to the neighborhood articles instead of a custom table for every one? Cacophony 18:51, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

ZIP codes in Chicago are not tied to the neighborhood boundaries. That is simply not factual. Fingusernames 19:55, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Roads, Landmarks?
It might be nice to have an overlay or an alternative version of the map with major landmarks--rivers, big parks, interstate highways, etc. marked. I was trying just now to figure now where Midway Airport was on this map and it was not easy! A few key landmarks would help people get a sense of where these community areas actually *are* in the city. Look at how useful this map is, for example: http://www.wildonions.org/NeighborhoodsMap.htm

 * This actually would not be hard to create based on maps I made for Wikitravel. If someone is interested in doing this and who knows how to edit SVG files, all maps are available here. --Peter Talk 23:47, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

City of Chicago Neighborhood maps
Does anyone know the proper way to add City of Chicago Neighborhood maps to the neighborhood templates or to the pages. TonyTheTiger 01:41, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Community areas of Chicago / Neighborhoods of Chicago merger discussions

 * Merge I believe these two pages should be merged and text should be included to describe the difference between neighborhoods and community areas. I think that the community area page should be the merger destination.  Almost all of the neighborhoods listed on the Neighborhoods pages just link back to the Community areas.  I don't think the neighborhoods are actually encyclopedic in general. TonyTheTiger 00:40, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The failure of Chicago's wikipedians to create pages for their neighborhoods should not, in my opinion require the merger of the community page with the neighborhood page. Speciate 00:38, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge I agree that the neighborhoods and Community Areas articles should be merged, perhaps to a renamed page titled "Neighborhoods and Community Areas of Chicago," with redirects from both.
 * 1. Chicagoans tend to use neighborhood to mean both neighborhoods and official Community Areas, even when they know the difference.
 * 2. The distinction is confusing, particularly to nonnatives, especially since the names of some neighborhoods and Community Areas are similar (or even the same), even when one is the subset of the other.
 * 3. While the boundaries of Community Areas are official and unchanging, neighborhoods are often ephemeral (e.g. New Town), with amorphous boundaries often subject to the whims of Realtors, chambers of commerce and other promoters. However, since the boundaries of CAs tend to be physical barriers like railroad tracks and the river, it's rare for a neighborhood to overlap CA borders, so understanding the CAs is key to grasping the neighborhoods.
 * 75.56.60.44 07:22, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't merge, but help them refer to each other Researchers and planners need the community areas and datasets depend on the community areas. Neighborhoods are different quality, cultural/historical, commercial, popular.  They have distinct audiences and combining them puts too much info on one page.  If the distinction bet n and ca is confusing, then explain it, but don't merge the two pages. Katewill 04:34, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't merge, but help them refer to each other I agree with Katewill. But please, don't say "bet n and ca". Slo-mo 07:48, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Merge for a number of reasons, in addition to what has been said: I also think that the merge destination should be this article, as it is the parent category of the neighborhoods subsets. --Peter Talk 07:12, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) Content unnecessarily split across pages becomes easier to overlook. I was actually unaware that there was a separate neighborhoods page, despite having referred to this article often while writing a Chicago travel guide over the past year. There is some useful content on that neighborhoods page that visitors to this page may miss without cause.
 * 2) All neighborhoods listed are subsets of the community areas. The fact that the community areas have been so heavily relied on in the presentation of the neighborhoods belies the argument that they have distinct audiences. If there were neighborhoods that went across community area borders, then there would be a much better case for separate articles, as they would be two separate ways of looking at the city's subdivisions. Currently the "neighborhoods approach" is merely adding a finer level of detail to the community area approach.
 * 3) A merge will improve the presentation of the content on both pages. The context provided by the community area information on this page is useful to understand the relationship between the community areas and popularly conceived neighborhoods. The neighborhood lists will provide context to understanding what exactly the community areas entail for those familiar with the more finely grained neighborhood names.

Do not merge, instead, remove the Neighborhood info from this page and let it focus on Community Areas only. The Community Areas are more of a technical term with precise definitions and should not be "poluted" with the more ephemeral and controversial neighborhood information. The Neighborhoods page should be redone as an category index page rather than an HTML Table. Chicago2020 (talk) 23:33, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

Do not merge, The neighborhood area have a different set of boundaries than the community areas. I agree with Chicago2020 the list should be completely separated and add that the neighborhood boundaries often fall between 2 or more community areas. --Nickvet419 (talk) 00:41, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Populations
--Does anyone know why the population and population density numbers are constantly changing and inaccurate on individual community area neighborhood pages? They seem to change at least monthly and constantly conflict w/ other census #'s I've seen. Shouldn't they be based off of 2000 census #'s? 98.206.218.29 (talk) 15:46, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

--Looks like the table is all sorts of incorrect. My wikipedia editing knowledge is not nearly good enough to try and fix it as of this moment. If anyone is up to the challenge, it needs to be fixed. It looks like O'Hare neighborhood is the only one that is correct if you want to use that as a template. Mhay2290 (talk) 18:49, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Welcome to Wikipedia! If you have any more recent figures, feel free to change them as appropriate and cite the new data, by clicking on the "Edit" tab and modifying the source text to fit. – John M Wolfson (talk • contribs) 19:20, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Hi John. I meant it as the formatting is wrong for the table. I do not know how to fix the formulas. As you can see, the square kilometers column is actually outputting the population density, and the population densities are blank. Something with the formulas are wrong, and I do not know how to fix that. I just wanted to bring it to someone's attention who can fix it! Mhay2290 (talk) 19:28, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Fixed, thank you! – John M Wolfson (talk • contribs) 19:30, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

Origin of Chicago Community Areas - Encyclopedia of Chicago
Much more informative (and seemingly accurate) description of the origin and concept of these areas in Amanda Seligman's article3 in the Encyclopedia of Chicago (http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/319.html). Suggest that someone incorporate this material if I don't get around to doing so. Sjsilverman (talk) 15:39, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Source for sides?
Hey,

is there any official source for the divison of Chicago into sides? Where do the information about sides come from? I can't find anything about sides on Chicago's data portal.

--Kagawa (talk) 19:58, 17 February 2018 (UTC)-
 * Not really. The Chicago river separates the three main sides, North, West and South. One might argue that the Calumet river or its drainage basin defines the East Side. The Northwest Side is really the north part of the West Side, and the Southwest Side is really the west part of the South Side. These are based on race more than anything else, and the boundaries are similar to neighborhood boundaries in that they are based on opinion which may not be static over time. Speciate (talk) 16:55, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Community areas in Chicago


text:
Talk:Rogers Park, Chicago

Jan Schakowsky does not live in Rogers Park
She lives at 1105 N. Ridge Ave in Evanston, this is not apart of Rogers Park. Please remove her name from the "Notable Resident" section as this is misleading and erroneous.

Who is Rogers Park named after?
Is it one of those Rogers & Clark explorers?
 * No. Phillip Rogers was an early settler of the area. ```Buster Seven   Talk  17:12, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

More Info
Any more information on the early History of Caps would be welcome. I believe it became a standard for similar programs across the country. Also..re:the bus routes, lets add the thourougfare, Ashland, Clark, etc. behind the #'s... Also, I'd like to add a positive sounding entry about Rogers Park's many nursing homes and half-way house type facilities. While many residents may deplore having this population represented in our community others feel its part of the diversity we, as Rogers Parkers, see every day.--Buster7 (talk) 20:04, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Notes and Sources
I include these as references but I dont know how to do "footnotes" or I.m not sure how best to use these notes and source, Feel free to move or whattever is necessary....--Buster7 (talk) 11:35, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Rogers Park
I don't see how I can verify the fact that Rogers Park IS the only neighborhood in Chicago that has direct access to Lake Michigan. Maybe if you come to Rogers Park??? Bring your speedo!--Buster7 (talk) 01:42, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Also, Please explain why ALL the elected officials for Rogers Park are not necessary "at this juncture." Also, the long "notes" were meant to be a footnote or whatever to the Community policing section. I just didn't know how to do it. Rather that be so quick to delete, why not help find a better location for them...(ref, footnotes, see also). They are at least worthy of that rather than the trash bin.--Buster7 (talk) 02:00, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * REPLY: I have been to Rogers Park. It's still something that needs a citation, though. Rather than complain to me, go find one. Certainly one can be found.
 * REPLY: It's WAY more than we need in this article. There are other more appropriate articles for this information, such as those about the various elected bodies that are described there. The neighborhood article doesn't need to have it. As for the notes section, it appeared to be a copyvio, and so it's gone. SchuminWeb (Talk) 02:44, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * You'd make a great bureaucrat. BTW...shouldn't this "debate" be at the article talk page rather than on your own???--Buster7 (talk) 10:44, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

''Above has been retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:SchuminWeb"

Good Times reference
I didn't find anything explicit (say, a script) about the uncited statement that characters in the sitcom Good Times intend to move to Rogers Park after the final episode, but Wikipedia's own Good Times page says they were going to move "into a luxury apartment in the city's upscale Gold Coast district" and tv.com references "a fancy apartment building across town" -- which is unlikely to have been in Rogers Park and would be unsurprising if it were in the Gold Coast. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:D:B480:341:493:4532:8DD5:824C (talk) 23:34, 10 January 2015 (UTC)

Chicago bungalow
Rogers Park has very few Chicago bungalows. They are not common until you go west of Western, which is solidly in West Ridge. The predominant single family home style is Craftsman style and converted brick and stone two flats. Suggest removing this line in Economy, culture, and diversity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Iblack2492 (talk • contribs) 21:14, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

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West Rogers Park is not in Rogers Park
Intuition would suggest that West Rogers Park is in the Rogers Park community area, but in fact it is in the West Ridge community area (west of Ridge). I've removed it from the Rogers Park neighborhood list and I've also moved notable person Louis Trinca-Pasat, who is from West Rogers Park, over to the West Ridge page. This Rogers Park page is about the community area, so it's important to view those official boundaries as defining the page contents. Let me know if you disagree with these edits. Thanks. IntegrityPen (talk) 12:17, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Rogers Park, Chicago


text:
Kremenets

Kremenets (Кременець, Крем'янець; Krzemieniec; קרעמעניץ) is a city in Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kremenets Raion, and lies 18 km north-east of the great Pochayiv Monastery. The city is situated in the historic region of Volhynia and features the 12th-century Kremenets Castle. It hosts the administration of Kremenets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

History
According to some sources the Kremenets fortress was built in the 8th or 9th century, and later became a part of Kievan Rus'. The first documented reference to the fortress is given in a Polish encyclopedic dictionary written in 1064. The first reference to Kremenets in Old Slavic literature dates from 1226 when the city's ruler, Mstislav the Bold, defeated the Hungarian army of King Andrew II nearby. During the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1240–1241, Kremenets was one of few cities that Batu Khan failed to capture. In 1382, after the death of Louis I of Hungary, Lithuanian duke Liubartas captured Kremenets from the Kingdom of Hungary. The city obtained Magdeburg rights in 1431, and in 1569, after the Union of Lublin, it became part of Crown of Poland, known as Krzemieniec.

In the fall of 1648 Cossack Colonel Maxym Kryvonis surrounded the Kremenets fortress. In October, after a six-week siege, the royal garrison surrendered. As a consequence of the fighting, the fortress was severely damaged and was never rebuilt.

In 1795 Kremenets was annexed by the Russian Empire following the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was a town in Kremenetsky Uyezd of the Volhynian Governorate of the Russian Empire until World War I.

During 1917-1920 Kremenets 7 times passed from hand to hand. The authorities Ukrainian state – Ukrainian People's Republic – it was subject to early 1918 to June 1919.

In 1921, following Peace of Riga, the town returned to Poland, and was part of Volhynian Voivodeship (Wołyń).

In the interwar period, Kremenets was famous for its renowned high school, Liceum Krzemienieckie, founded in 1803 by Tadeusz Czacki. According to the 1931 Polish census, the town had a population of 19,877, with 8,428 Ukrainians, 6,904 Jews, 3,108 Poles and 883 Russians. In 1934, upon initiative of Ludwik Gronowski, teacher of the Kremenets High School, Volhynian School of Gliding Sokola Góra (Wołyńska Szkoła Szybowcowa Sokola Góra) was opened 14 kilometers from Kremenets, in the village of Kulików. Among its students was the daughter of Jozef Piłsudski, Jadwiga Piłsudska.

In September 1939, the Polish government was temporarily located in Kremenets, which during this time was subject to heavy aerial bombing until captured by invading Soviet forces on 17 September. By then the government had evacuated Kremenets and was on its way to neutral Romania.

On July 28, 1941, most of the teachers of the Krzemieniec High School were arrested by the Germans, who used a list provided to them by local Ukrainians. By the end of the month, 30 teachers and members of Polish intelligentsia were murdered at the so-called Hill of Crosses (Góra Krzyżów).

In January 1989 the population was 24 570 people.

During the restoration of Ukrainian statehood in 1991, was restored Kremenets Botanical Garden (1991), created Kremenetsko-Pochaivskiy State Historical-Architectural Reserve (2001), opened Kremenetskiy Regional Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute n. Shevchenko (2002), Kremenetskiy Regional Museum Juliusz Slowacki (2003), increasing the flow of tourists. In 1991 at the Teachers College Shevchenko created a modern Kremenets Lyceum.

Until 18 July 2020, Kremenets was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Kremenets Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Kremenets Raion.

Jews of Kremenets
Jews are known to have settled in the Kremenets area as early as 1438, when the Grand Duke of Lithuania gave them a charter. However, in 1495, Lithuania expelled its Jews until 1503. A Polish Yeshiva, however, operated in Kremenets during the 15th and 16th centuries.

The Jewish community expanded and prospered through the 16th century. Around the middle of the century, rabbinical representatives of the Qahals of Poland began gathering at the great Fairs to conduct the business of the Jewish communities. These conferences became known as the Council of the Four Lands. Volhynian representatives were from Ostroh and Kremenets.

Khmelnytsky's Cossack uprising against the Polish land owners from 1648 through 1651, followed by the Russian-Swedish wars against Poland-Lithuania from 1654 to 1656, devastated the Jewish population of western Ukraine. Many Jews, many of whom were stewards of magnates, were murdered, while others fled. Jews were not allowed to rebuild their destroyed homes. Kremenets never again regained its former importance. All that was left as the Russians took control in 1793 was "an impoverished community of petty traders and craftsmen."

In 1747, Kremenets was the site of a well-publicized blood libel trial in which 14 Jews were accused of murdering a Christian to obtain blood for making matzo – a false accusation dating back to the Middle Ages. The incident began when an unidentified corpse was found near an inn and curious townsfolk gathered around to view the body. When some Jews joined the crowd, the corpse supposedly began to bleed, thus supernaturally demonstrating their guilt. Twelve of the Jews confessed under torture (placed on the rack and burned with red-hot irons). Most were gruesomely executed by being flayed, quartered and impaled while still alive, by orders of the Christian civil authorities.

Jewish life gradually revived and Kremenets became a secondary center of Haskalah (enlightenment) in Eastern Europe in the period 1772 through 1781. By the end of the 19th century, Jews once again were active in the economic life of the town, primarily in the paper industry and as cobblers and carpenters. They exported their goods to other towns in Russia and Poland. Under Polish rule, in the early 1930s, two Yiddish periodicals were published. They merged in 1933 into a single weekly newspaper, Kremenitser Lebn (Kremenets Life).

The Soviet authorities annexed the town on September 22, 1939. In the spring of 1940, the refugees from western Poland were obliged to register with the authorities and to declare whether they wished to take up Soviet citizenship or return to their former homes, now under German occupation. Jewish communal life was forbidden, and Zionist leaders were forced to move to other cities to keep their past activities from the knowledge of the authorities. By 1941 the Jewish population had increased to over 15,000 including over 4,000 refugees.

Holocaust
The Nazis destroyed the Jewish community of Kremenets. Except for those who left Kremenets before the war and 14 survivors, all 15,000 Jews who lived in Kremenets in 1941 were murdered.

In June 1941, the German Einsatzgruppe "C" carried out a mass slaughter of Jews in the Generalbezirk Wolhynien-Podolien District, which was part of Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The District included all of Volhynia.

"A few days after the German-Soviet war broke out (June 22, 1941) the Germans reached the area. Hundreds of young Jews managed to flee to the Soviet Union. A pogrom broke out in early July 1941, where 800 men, women and children were killed. In August 1941 the Gestapo ordered all Jews with academic status to report for registration. All those who did so were murdered, and the Jewish community's leadership was destroyed. That month the Germans set fire to the main synagogue and exacted a fine of 11 kg. of gold from the community.

A Judenrat was imposed. The head, Benjamin Katz was murdered for his refusal to collaborate with the Nazis. At the end of January 1942 a ghetto was established and on March 1 was closed off from the rest of the city. The inmates endured great hardship and there was a serious shortage of water.

In the summer of 1942, the Germans began the systematic liquidation of the ghettos in the provincial towns. On July 22, 1942, there was armed resistance by the Jews of the Kremenets ghetto against the Germans.

On August 10, 1942, the Germans initiated a two-week-long Aktion to annihilate the Jews of the Kremenets Ghetto, Fifteen hundred able-bodied persons were dispatched as slave laborers to Bilokrynytsia, where they later met their death. The vast majority of the ghetto inhabitants were rounded up and taken to trenches dug near a former army camp, and murdered. The Germans set the ghetto ablaze to drive out those in hiding. Societies of former residents of Kremenets function in Israel, the United States and Argentina.

Although the Jewish presence in Kremenets was physically destroyed, the memory of Jewish Kremenetsers lived on. In the postwar years, those who successfully emigrated before the onset of hostilities, survivors of the Holocaust, and their descendants published two Yizkor Books and a series of memorial Bulletins.

Economy
Today the economy of Kremenets is supported by Orthodox pilgrims who come to visit the cathedrals, the nunnery, and the nearby Pochayiv Lavra as well as by Polish tourists visiting the Juliusz Słowacki museum. The museum was opened in 2002, with financial help of the government of Poland, which provided one million dollars for the project. There is also a large sugar refinery, but the plant was closed during the financial crisis of 2007–2010.

Points of interest

 * complex of a former Jesuit college, which housed the Krzemieniec Lyceum. Designed by Jesuit architect Paweł Gizycki, and founded by the Wisniowiecki family, it was built in 1731–1753, and among others, consists of the Saint Ignatius of Loyola church,
 * Stanislaus of Szczepanow Roman Catholic church, built in 1853–1857, with a monument of Juliusz Slowacki inside. In Soviet Union, it served as a gym, currently it belongs to Ukrainian Orthodox Church,
 * female Orthodox monastery, which continues the traditions of a 1636 monastery. In the Second Polish Republic, it was the seat of Orthodox Volhynian Bishops.
 * Kremenets Botanical Garden, founded in 1806, making it one of the oldest botanical gardens in the country. A resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from October 12, 1992 declared the Kremenets Botanical Garden as a protected area of national importance, which aims are to preserve, study, acclimate rare and common flora.

Ukrainian

 * Dmitry Manuilsky – Secretary-General of Comintern
 * Oleksander Osetsky – general in the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR)
 * Andriy Pushkar – armwrestler, world champion
 * Vitaliy Shumbarets – world cup ski jumper
 * Rostyslav Hluvko – artist, graphic artist, and public figure

Poles

 * Jozef Antoni Beaupre – physician and patriotic activist, graduate of the Krzemieniec high school
 * Tadeusz Czacki – social activist, historian, born in nearby Poryck, founder of the Krzemieniec Lyceum
 * Aleksander Czekanowski – geologist and explorer of Siberia
 * Ludwik Gronowski – photographer and teacher
 * Joanna Duda-Gwiazda – oppositional activist in Communist Poland, wife of Andrzej Gwiazda
 * Paweł Giżycki – Baroque era architect, painter, Jesuit priest
 * Henryk Hermanowicz – master of photography
 * Jerzy Litwiniuk – poet and translator
 * Zygmunt Rumel – poet and resistance fighter, murdered by Ukrainian nationalists on July 10, 1943
 * Irena Sandecka – poet, social activist and teacher
 * Juliusz Słowacki – romantic poet
 * Salomea Słowacka – mother of Juliusz Slowacki, buried at the local cemetery
 * Stanisław Sheybal – photographer
 * Kazimierz Urbanik – mathematician, rector of Wroclaw University

Jews

 * Mark Kac – mathematical physicist
 * Jacob Schaefer - composer and choral director
 * Isaac Stern – violin virtuoso

Other

 * José Antonio Saravia - general
 * Joseph Saunders (engraver) (1773-1854), English printmaker, lived and died here

title: Kremenets


text:
Talk:West Ridge, Chicago

Mary Bartelme School
I am not sure how to add a public school to the page that was demolished in 1981 https://rpwrhs.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Bartelme_Elementary_School https://rpwrhs.catalogaccess.com/photos/3463. It is significant for the hostage incident where in 1974 a father had a schizophrenic episode, thought the world was ending, was killing his family to prevent their suffering, killed his wife, went to the school to kill his son, held my class hostage for 30m, but staff convinced him to leave, and he was arrested in Indiana on his way to kill his parents. This was vaguely reported in the neighborhood paper at the time, but I have been unable to find the clipping I had nor have I found the newspaper's archives online. Mikeburns (talk) 15:34, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Merger
The result was Merge Golden Ghetto into West Ridge, Chicago. --B. Wolterding 16:53, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

User:Speciate has proposed to merge Golden Ghetto into here. Please add your comments. below. --B. Wolterding 18:04, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge. I support the merger, since the Golden Ghetto article does not establish notability on its own. It's only a neighborhood, so a rather small area. --B. Wolterding 18:04, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge. I think the Golden Ghetto article should be merged into here.  Lesley b linux 21:59, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Economic Status of West Ridge
At one time this neighborhood could be classified as middle to upper middle class, but those days are long gone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.57.183.5 (talk) 18:29, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It is still middle class by any reasonable standard, especially now that "middle class" has become a media trope for working class. Most of West Ridge is better than working class.67.173.10.34 (talk) 04:08, 24 September 2011 (UTC)Larry Siegel

Peterson Park
The PNG map in the sidebar is incorrect -- Peterson Park isn't located in West Ridge, nor is it by the North Shore Channel of the Chicago River. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.226.43.30 (talk) 06:11, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Is someone going to fix this? I checked Google Maps, and according to the borders defined in this article, the user before me is correct, Peterson Park is not located where the PNG map shows it. --38.100.105.131 (talk) 11:49, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

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Tobler's first law of geography

The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." This first law is the foundation of the fundamental concepts of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and is utilized specifically for the inverse distance weighting method for spatial interpolation and to support the regionalized variable theory for kriging. The first law of geography is the fundamental assumption used in all spatial analysis.

Background
Tobler first presented his seminal idea during a meeting of the International Geographical Union's Commission on Qualitative Methods held in 1969 and later published by him in 1970 in his publication "A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region". In this paper Tobler created a model of the population growth in Detroit, and was discussing variables included within the model, and Tobler was probably not extremely serious when he originally invoked the first law and instead was explaining limitations brought about by computers of the 1970s. He certainly did not think it would be as prominent in geography as it is today. Though simple in its presentation, this idea is profound. Without it, "the full range of conditions anywhere on the Earth's surface could be packed within any small area. There would be no regions of approximately homogeneous conditions to be described by giving attributes to area objects. Topographic surfaces would vary chaotically, with infinite slopes everywhere, and the contours of such surfaces would be infinitely dense and contorted. Spatial analysis, and indeed life itself, would be impossible."

While Tobler is the first to present the concept as the first law of geography, it existed in some form as a concept before him. In 1935, R.A. Fisher said "the widely verified fact that patches in close proximity are commonly more alike, as judged by the yield of crops, than those which are further apart." Tobler was made aware of this by a peer-reviewer, and seems to have come up with the first law independently.

Tobler's law was proposed towards the end of the quantitative revolution in geography, which saw a shift towards using systematic and scientific methods in geography. This paradigm shifted the discipline from idiographic geography to an empirical law-making nomothetic geography. This law-making approach was conducive to the acceptance of Tobler's law, and Tobler's law can be seen as a direct product of the quantitative revolution.

In 2003, the American Association of Geographers held a panel titled "On Tobler's First Law of Geography," with panelists selected to represent diverse geographic interests and their philosophical perspective on Tobler's First Law. In 2004, the peer reviewed journal Annals of the Association of American Geographers included a section titled "Methods, Models, and GIS Forum: On Tobler's First Law of Geography" that contained several peer-reviewed papers from members of the 2003 panel. Of note, this section also had a paper by Tobler titled "On the First Law of Geography: A Reply," which contained his response to the 2003 panel and insight into the first law. In this publication, Tobler discussed his less well known second law, which complements the first:

Foundation
The theory is based upon the concept of the friction of distance "where distance itself hinders interaction between places. The farther two places are apart, the greater the hindrance", or cost. For example, one is less likely to travel across town to purchase a sandwich than walk to the corner store for the same sandwich. In this example, hindrance, or cost, can readily be counted in time (amount of time as well as the value of time), transportation costs, and personal muscle energy loss which are added to the purchase price and thus result in high levels of friction. The friction of distance and the increase in cost combine, causing the distance decay effect.

Controversy
Some have disputed the usefulness and validity of Tobler's first law. In general, some also dispute the entire concept of laws in geography and the social sciences. These criticisms have been addressed by Tobler and others.

An anonymous reviewer pointed out that Tobler's first law is remarkably close to a phrase in a book by R.A. Fisher in 1935. Tobler seems to have come up with the first law independently.

Some view Tobler's first law to be limited and have proposed amendments. One example of such an amendment proposed by Robert T. Walker combines Tobler's first law with von Thünen's concept of accessibility to offer an explanation for the description provided by Tobler. The resulting law, referred to by Walker as "The Tobler-von Thünen law," is:

title: Tobler's first law of geography


text:
Talk:Lincoln Square, Chicago

More facts about Ravenswood
Ravenswood Hospital is at the corner of Wilson and Damen. Ravenswood Elementary School is just outside of the Lincoln Square boundary at Montrose and Paulina. When the Elevated routes had names, the Brown line was called the Ravenswood. Rkm3612 06:41, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you aware that Ravenswood Hospital is abandoned? --Mr. A. 15:04, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I was not aware, They still have a web site running. I was born there when it looked like an apartment building with a neon sign. 24.15.207.226 16:02, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yup, closed. Rehabilitaiton Institute of Chicago has some offices there so it is not 100% vacant. There are some other smaller practices there too. It is not vacant/abandoned, but it is not a full fledged hospital anymore either. GuyFromChicago 13:15, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Lincoln Square Community image submitted
I have created a map from scratch that has some more detail than the current one.

I have added major streets, two parks and planning on the two near the river. The North shore channel is moved north of the fork and the north branch of the Chicago river is where it should be. I have also changed Ravenswood to be between Montrose and Lawrence because it is my guess that heart of Ravenswood would be near the "Sunnyside Hotel" and that the shameless Ravenswood Land Company  partners, John P. Wilson and Cyrus P. Leland helped the decision to have the  elevated travel between their streets. Andersonville is east of Ravenswood Avenue and not in this map, so that name should not exist here.

I have not updated the current map because: I am too shy to step on someone else's work and I do not know how yet...

If you watch this page and are interested, some thoughts will be appreciated...

Rkm3612 07:14, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Nice map. My only suggestions would be to add Damen Avenue and include Bryn Mawr on the east side of the cemetery. --Mr. A. 02:47, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Since this is a map of the community, Brn Mawr east of Rosehill would another community. I am not certain about Damen, but if it gets more requests, I certainly would add it.
 * Regards, Rkm3612 18:08, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I spoke imprecisely -- I meant east of Damen, along the edge of the cemetery. --Mr. A. 20:35, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You are correct, I added the rest of Bryn Mawr.--Rkm3612 10:29, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I vote for adding DamenGuyFromChicago 20:11, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Okay, Damen has been added. I am looking for mass approval before replacing the current map. Regards Rkm3612 10:49, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Vote to replace current map
Replace map with image above?

Yes
 * I like it. Now you just have to do the rest of the neighborhoods GuyFromChicago 22:49, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * --Mr. A. 20:35, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Yes, it's a tremendous improvement. -Larry Siegel

No

Budlong Real Estate?
There is something distinctly commercial afoot in the Budlong Woods citation. A breach of wiki ethics, am I wrong?

Rmartin 00:46, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Nope. The area was settled by members of the Budlong family of Rhode Island. who had this huge farm between the North channel and California, and between Foster and Bryn Mawr. The rest of the area was mostly Luxemborger immigrants and later Swedes.

The Budlong's main cash crop was cucumbers, which gave rise to the whole pickle story (Though they did pack and sell some pretty good pickles, they have long since vanished into history). Eventually the farm was replaced with a country club which was then developed in the early 1950's into homes for the Jews moving from the South Side of Chicago. Psychologically, it was really part of Westridge until the 1980's. Currently it is rather a strange mix of Korean, Indian, Greek and elderly Jewish immigrants. It is in the process of being gentrified, and many of the new homes and condos are extremely expensive. The 40th Ward alderman, Patrick O'Connor, lives in Budlong Woods.

The official name of the neighborhood is Lincoln Bend, but noone who lives there would recognize the name. Before the highways were built in the middle of the last century, it was the main motel strip for visitors from the north and west of the city. The motels along the bend on Lincoln Avenue are a remnant of that era. 24.13.11.47 18:28, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Map
The map image attached to this article is seriously inadequate and rather inaccurate; Andersonville does not extend along the southern edge of Rosehill cemetery (the gardens on Ravenswood Avenue are labelled "West Andersonville Gardens" and are already at the western edge of the neighborhood), Ravenswood is usually marked as going futher east, and it would really help to clarify things if there more streets than just those along the edges (e.g., Lincoln Avenue, the namesake of the area). siafu 23:59, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I made the map. It is extremely difficult to find information on neighborhood borders within community areas since the neighborhood boundaries are for the most part unofficial.  It would be a huge help if you could both list all of the neighborhoods in Lincoln Square and define their boundaries with street names/landmarks.  I will then update the image.  The streets shown on the map are simply to define borders visually.  I felt that adding streets within the borders would clutter things.  Also, if you see anything that should be added, changed, or anything else, let me know as I can easily change the map.  Thanks. — oo64eva (Alex) (U @ 17:56, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

One thing I noticed about the map was that it shows the eastern border of the Lincoln Sq. community area as Ravenswood Ave., while the article says that the eastern border is Damen Ave. I don't know which one of those is right, though. doctorice-chi 14:40, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * You can thank the city of Chicago for causing this confusion. The historic Lincoln Square neighborhood is bounded approximately by Damen, Montrose, Western and Winnemac -- a small block of the larger Ravenswood neighborhood, which can be said to extend all the way from Ashland on the east to Sacramento on the west. But the city, presumably because in recent years the name "Lincoln Square" (up-and-coming, young, hip) has had more cachet than the name "Ravenswood" (dingy and dated, recalling pre-gentrification days, before the L train became known as the "Brown Line"), has dubbed the community area Lincoln Square, even though its boundaries conform more closely to the historic Ravenswood neighborhood than to the historic Lincoln Square neighborhood. Hooray for real estate agents. As a result of these trends, when people say "Ravenswood," they usually mean the old Ravenswood Gardens and Ravenswood Manor neighborhoods west of Lincoln Square proper, while the parts of Ravenswood that are east of Lincoln Square proper are left in limbo -- or lumped in with Uptown, which has no cachet at all -- even though that's where the Ravenswood Metra station is. --Mr. A.

I really appreciate your getting the name "North Shore Channel" in the far northern section of Chicago, e.g. West Ridge. But there's a bit of a problem in Lincoln Square CA and probably the adjoining CA to the west (I have limited time using library access). The North Shore Channel joins the Chicago River just south of Foster. I can see the river coming in from the west in Lincoln Square, but the name North Shore Channel is shown south of that junction, where the body of water is here just the Chicago River [North Branch]. Because of space requirements, it might be just as well to put the river name, starting below the junction, and leave off the North Shore Channel name from that CA.[Jean SmilingCoyote, B.A. Geography, maiinganikan@yahoo.com]

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title: User talk:Ricin~enwiki


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Talk:North Center, Chicago

Untitled
Although I agree with the author that North Center is one of the most desirable areas of Chicago, the article has a promotional "gee whiz" quality that I do not really find appropriate in Wikipedia. Anyone else have this reaction? 162.83.216.10 (talk) 06:24, 8 December 2008 (UTC)Larry Siegel

 * Fixed (to the best of my recollection). 71.194.38.54 (talk) 09:38, 3 November 2009 (UTC)Larry Siegel

Northcenter is one word. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.227.93.126 (talk) 15:48, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

 * No, it's not. You can call a neighborhood anything you want, so I left the discussion of the immediate Irving Park-Damen-Lincoln area (referred to in the article as "Northcenter"; I am not sure of local practice) but if you are referring to the Chicago Community Area of North Center, which is the topic of the article, the nomenclature is decided by the City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, following guidelines established by the University of Chicago about 90 years ago.  71.194.38.54 (talk) 09:35, 3 November 2009 (UTC)Larry Siegel, Department of Geography (graduated 1971), University of Chicago

Neighborhood names
Kudos to User:Bry456 for working to get the neighborhood names matched with what's currently in official use by the city government. I'm going to restore some of the previous names, as the city shouldn't be taken as the sole source for these names and some of them are still in popular use. I'm starting with St. Ben's, which is still currently in use, as evidenced by this message board and this article. Ibadibam (talk) 09:57, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

photos to migrate
of Roscoe Village, , Victor Grigas (talk) 02:06, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:North Center, Chicago


text:
Talk:Lake View, Chicago

Major Rewrite
I gutted and rewrote the entire article and expanded it to three times the size. I also added a dozen photos I took in Lakeview. --Gerald Farinas 22:13, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Gallery edits
I changed the caption for the last picture in the gallery. It was incorrectly labeled Clark and Belmont, when in reality it is Clark and Aldine (3 blocks north of Belmont) I also added a bit about a restaurant featured in the picture. DCM0813 16:00, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I fixed the addition of the Lake View Presbyterian Church image in the gallery. --Gerald Farinas 00:51, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

North Halstead or Northalstead?
which is the proper or offical spelling? Ace-o-aces 15:12, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Answer: Northalsted is the correct, proper, and official spelling. Everything is run together here.  It's Lakeview, not Lake View.  And it's Boystown, not Boys Town.  The same is true with Northalsted.  (BTW, there's only one "a" in Halsted Street.) --216.220.72.15 00:13, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Correction: Northalsted, Boystown, are marketing or cultural denotations. None have any official standing. It is true these are one word names, and not two as mentioned. The only Official denotation is "Lake View". It is two seperate words and spelled as such as the name of the official community area ( of Chicago's 77). There is just a difference between what people think and commonly use versus what is official. (Gary Joseph 07:21, 7 February 2006 (UTC))

 * Northalstead does have official standing. Boystown is the unofficial name of the area Ace-o-aces 14:11, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There is no place called Northalsted. There is a street in Chicago named Halsted and to describe a particular area, the term North or South is applied. If someone reading this article visits Chicago and asks for Northalsted, they will be identified as an Out-of-towner or Foreigner. Rkm3612 12:59, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Please explain what "official standing" Northalsted has? The term is simply corporate marketing bull (and bad grammar) foisted upon the area by the Northalsted Merchant's Association. NO ONE who lives in the neighborhood actually spells it in this lame manufactured fashion. Not that Google is an official arbiter of anything, but there are 4 times more pages with "North Halsted" then "Northalsted." Anyone have a reason why it shouldn't be changed to the official postal spelling of "North Halsted?" Viciouslies 02:39, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I have no particular attachment o either spelling. All things being equal, I say we go witn the offical postal spelling.Ace-o-aces 03:58, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Map
Could we possibly get an updated version of this map with (1) more appropriate licensing tags and (2) appropriate changes in spelling, i.e., change East Lakeview to Lake View East? The article should now explain better about naming conventions. --Gerald Farinas 23:01, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

 * [[Image:US-IL-Chicago-Lakeview.png]] --Gerald Farinas 18:18, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Population
If Lakeview is the second most populous Chicago community area, what is the first? --Gerald Farinas 18:04, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Found it! It's Austin. --Gerald Farinas 18:19, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

it's Lake View, TWO WORDS!
What is up with this Lakeview as one word business, anyway? I find it annoying that Wikipedia can't figure out how to spell.

Lake View, two words, was a suburb annexed by Chicago. Lake View, two words, is the name of the high school. Lake View, two words, is what the 44th ward alderman refers to on his website.

So, just what bozo is trying to rub out all of Lake View's history by spelling it wrong?

-- Carter (66.158.70.254) 21:18, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Speaking of the high school, it doesn't merit a mention in the "Lake View" entry? OK, north boundary of Lake View is W. Irving Park Rd.; Lake View High sits north of W. Irving, @Ashland. But, still, it's the only h.s. in the Lake View area to feature that name, right? You'd think there was a reason for that: like, maybe, it's in the Lake View area? 138.162.128.53 (talk) 14:57, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * That's kinda been mentioned already. Please don't delete a whole talk page just to say one thing. Thanks! -- Crnk Mnky 00:29, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

It was mentioned, but that doesn't explain why it's happening.

I grew up in Lake View, and quite frankly I find it offensive, it reeks of all that is wrong with gentrification, people who are busily trying to remake Lake View in their own image & who seem to feel a need to put down those that don't fit in their ideal. It matters because to this day I hear people constantly talking about how the yuppies "cleaned up" Lake View, as if it was some sort of hideous ghetto to begin with, when it wasn't. Lake View always had Wrigley Field, the concert venues like the Metro and Vic, eclectic stores and diverse restaurants, etc. And furthermore, it's just stupid. Would anyone rename Lincoln Park as Lincolnpark, or Logan Square as Logansquare?

- Carter

 * >>>Would anyone rename Lincoln Park as Lincolnpark, or Logan Square as Logansquare?<<<
 * Careful; don't tempt them. 138.162.128.53 (talk) 14:57, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * The city of chicago still spells it with two words. I will change the lead paragraph and infobox to reflect that.Ibadibam (talk) 23:01, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Totom Pole
Does the Totom pole really deserve it's own section? Ace-o-aces 16:39, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Coordinates
Ctjf83, what lead you to change the longitude and latitude in the article? The ones I had chosen reflected the approximate geographic center of lakeview. It is my understanding that Lakeview extends from Irving Park to diversy and ashland to the lake. Please let me know. Otherwise I'll change it back. Thanks for your other contributions though. Edwardmking 03:45, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

First gay village?
It's unclear to me that Boystown, Chicago was actually the first gay village in the U.S.; The Castro seems to pre-date it, based on the respective articles. But this information is fuzzy. If the claim is true and should be re-added to the article, it needs to be referenced. -- Beland 07:19, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Its not that it was the first gay villiage, it was the first officially recognized gay villiage. That is, the city actually based their planning around the fact that boystown was populated (mostly) by gays. That's why they put up the rainbow pylons. Here is a ref though [] Ace-o-aces 17:25, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Here's an even better ref [] Ace-o-aces 17:33, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

The claim is true and thanks Ace-o-aces for documenting the reference in the article. Gerald Farinas

Photos
Ok... i think the photography work on this page needs some major help. I'll try to get out and upload some nice photographs. for me, at least, they don't really paint an accurate picture of the neighborhood.

i really like all the references to the street names and historical figures. i added the notes on the civil war soldier camp. what to y'all think??

Hetero Party Atmosphere?
Someone added, "Wrigleyville is Famous for its heterosexual party atmosphere in no relation to its neighbor Boys Town." This statement needs to be reworded and supported by source information. --Gerald Farinas 17:15, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The Wrigleyville section overall is very poorly done & contains innappropriate wording and unsupported information. The  playwright topic and the reference to Las Mananitas needs to be supported or removed. Also, Las Mananitas is not a "Wrigleyville" establishment. It is very obviously a part of Northalsted. I'm new to editing, but I would be happy to contribute. I am a long time Lake View East resident and community activist.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.242.57.42 (talk) 17:01, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * New or not, feel free to edit as you feel necessary. --Gerald Farinas (talk) 02:59, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Addison Street name
Addison Street is not named for Joseph Addison, but instead for Dr. Thomas Addison. Check out Streetwise Chicago. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.210.251.78 (talk) 17:05, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Okay, but what about other parts of Lakeview?
The intro seems to be all about Boystown. Lakeview East, West Lakeview and Wrigleyville; all three should have a little summary, not just LVE.

Merge last two paragraphs of intro?
It seems to me that the last paragraph repeats much of the second-to-last one. For example, it mentions the gay village as if it needs an explanation when in fact the gay village was already explained in the preceeding paragraph. Let's merge the two or at least get rid of the redundant info. Funisgood256 (talk) 16:40, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Go for it!  C T J F 8 3 Talk 00:35, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

Brewster address
This is referred to in the "famous persons" list in the article because Charlie Chaplin lived at the Brewster Building briefly. Prior to its renovation in the early 1970s, the main entrance to the building was on Diversey Parkway and the address was 500 W. (not 504). Prior to the street numbering refrom of the early 1900s, when addresses ran from the north branch of the river, the adress was 1900 (East?) Diversey. I have not entered this change. 205.178.120.29 (talk) 23:55, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I looked on Google Street View, and one can clearly see the 500 W address. I imagine 504 W is the leasing office or something. Corner buildings are often *00 or *01, so I'll adjust the article. Speciate (talk) 19:43, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Famous People and more
I think Studs Terkel used to live on Pine Grove between Belmont and Briat. The building was the one next to the alley and Rabbi Herman Davis, who was the official Rabbi for the City of Chicago for many years, lived downstairs.

453 Briar, I was told was one of the original farm houses in the area. It used to have the underground shelter with the angle doors in the back yard to enter.

The Curtis Candy company was once located on Briar west of Broadway. Old Tribune article on the origin of the Baby Ruth

Al — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alfredmr (talk • contribs) 03:06, 26 March 2013 (UTC)

It's my understanding that David Sedaris lived in Lake View, possibly near Melrose and Broadway. (Friend told me he mentioned it in a live show, but I haven't found any online reference.)

Also, I know that a number of Blackhawks players live in the area, as did Rosie O'Donnell during her brief-lived Chicago talk show. Do we include these people who are more transient residents? ChgoEditor (talk) 05:48, 2 January 2014 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Delete Sheridan Station Corridor
Delete the entire Sheridan Station Corridor entry. It is not a "Community Area," it is a two-block long business association and this is essentially an advertisement. JSStrong (talk) 18:01, 16 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Agree, it is a satellite portion of Wrigleyville. WikiReader5000 (talk) 18:36, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

Boystown - etymology
Is it a coincidence, that the name of the gay village is "Boystown"? Unfortunately the article doesn't give a hint. --46.114.37.90 (talk) 09:46, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The name of the neighborhood used to be Boystown - it's now Northalsted, though many still call it Boystown. Stormykara (talk) 16:04, 24 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Only the business alliance changed it's name. Neighborhoods can be called whatever the local community identifies as colloquially WikiReader5000 (talk) 18:31, 13 October 2023 (UTC)

Lake View vs. Lakeview
Let's settle this.

The name of the page is Lake View, the official Chicago website writes it as Lake View - therefore I think the primary way to refer to it throughout the article should be Lake View. i.e...

"Lake View, also spelled Lakeview, is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. Lake View is located in the city's North Side."

Ultimately not a huge deal, but I think it'd be a good change to have parity between the title of the article and the official spelling. I wanted to make a talk page post before going through and changing it so we could come to an agreement. Stormykara (talk) 16:03, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

 * The 44th ward (which is mainly in Lakeview) website uses both spellings. Including in the 44th ward master plan. If you click into the actual plan it has a footnote on one of the pages saying that historically the usage was Lake View but that current usage also includes Lakeview. Personally I don’t see the need for a change if even city officials agree that both are acceptable. Leftygayboi (talk) 16:59, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lake View, Chicago


title: User:148.244.223.236


text:
Ikurō Teshima

Abraham Ikurō Teshima (手島アブラハム郁郎) (1910 – 24 December 1973) was the founder of the Makuya religious movement. A native of Kumamoto, Japan, he was baptized as a Protestant at the age of fifteen, and soon afterwards joined the Nonchurch Movement started by Uchimura Kanzō. Teshima was influenced by Uchimura's writings, studying under his disciple Tsukamoto Toraji and later joining the Nonchurch Movement. Other religious figures that made a great impact upon Teshima's belief and religiosity include Toyohiko Kagawa, Sadhu Sundar Singh, and Martin Buber.

Teshima served as a civilian employee in Korea and China during World War II, and returned to Kumamoto in 1945. Two years later, a warrant was issued for his arrest after he opposed and obstructed the destruction of a local school building. He fled to Mount Aso in central Kyūshū, where he stayed in an inn for a long period, the place he claims to have had a face-to-face encounter with God. Teshima returned home and discovered the warrant had been retracted. His experience at Mt. Aso compelled him to begin a life of ministry. He set up a Bible study group which quickly grew into a movement known as Genshi Fukuin Undo (lit., Original Gospel Movement), and then as Makuya. To grasp the inner truth of biblical religion, or the "Love of the Holy Spirit" as Teshima puts it, and to extol this existential love by embodying it, living accordingly was the essence of his religious life. Teshima died on Christmas Dawn in 1973.

Teshima and Israel
Teshima was fervently identified with the cause of Israel, conceiving the establishment of the State of Israel and the unification of Jerusalem as a fulfillment of biblical prophecies. His group, Makuya, has sent young members to a number of kibbutzim in Israel and made pilgrimages to Jerusalem. "Over [900] Makuya students have been sent to Israeli kibbutzim to work together with the people of the Bible, and to study Hebrew and the biblical background. Some of them continue their academic studies in universities." The primary kibbutz the Makuya students stay at is Heftziba. Makuya has also appeared in front of the United Nations on at least two occasions, speaking on behalf of Israel.

In 1967, when the Six-Day War broke out, Teshima wrote a telegram to the Makuya students in Israel saying, "Stay as long as you can and help Israel". The students, accordingly, volunteered to aid Israel during the war. In 1973, when the Yom Kippur War broke out, the state of Japan supported Arab countries, caving in to an Arab oil embargo. This diplomatic policy frustrated Teshima. Despite his serious illness (terminal cirrhosis), Teshima organized, with 3,000 of his adherents, a campaign for Israel in front of the Diet building in Tokyo. It was the first pro-Israel demonstration ever held in Japan. The campaign received wide coverage in the press, radio, and television. However, it also worsened Teshima's illness and he died three weeks later on Christmas Dawn in 1973.

Teshima's name was inscribed twice on the Golden Book of the Jewish National Fund; once in September 1967, in honor of his staunch support for Israel during the Six-Day War and once in January 1974, honoring his passing. His unconditional love, devotion and support for Israel, which stemmed from his biblical faith is, to this day, carried on by the members of the Makuya movement.

title: Ikurō Teshima


text:
Talk:Demining/to do

 * Expand on the role of geography: what methods are used where, socioeconomic impact etc.
 * Add prominent profiles in humantarian demining (e.g Princess Diana)
 * Add a history section.

title: Talk:Demining/to do


text:
António da Madalena

António da Madalena (sometimes spelled, in English, Antonio da Magdalena, died c. 1589) was a Portuguese Capuchin friar who was the first Western visitor to Angkor in 1586.

Biography
António da Madalena was born in Coimbra and lived in the Alcobaça Monastery from 1575 to 1579.

He travelled to Goa in 1580, to establish a library for his order. In 1583 he travelled overland to what is today Cambodia, where in 1586 he was the first Western visitor to Angkor.

He gave an account of his journey to Angkor to historian Diogo do Couto, the main chronicler and "guarda-mor" (curator) of the Archives of Portuguese exploration-colonization in Asia. Curiously, Diogo do Couto did not include Madalena's testimony in the sixth volume of the sum initiated by writer João de Barros, the Décadas da Ásia. He attempted to aid in a reconstruction effort of Angkor, but the project was unsuccessful.

In 1589, the Franciscan friar perished during shipwreck of the Sao Tomé caravel off Natal (South Africa), probably while he was heading back home after many years spent in India, Malacca and Ayuthaya in Siam.

Posterity: the first Western visitor to Angkor
After do Couto's death, his personal papers were kept by his brother-in-law and priest Deodato da Trindade, and his wife's brother, Luisa de Melo.

In the fifth volume of the Décadas da Ásia (Asian Decades), written during the years 1586-1587 and published only in 1612, Diogo do Couto alludes to Father da Madalena as one of his informers on mainland Southeast Asian affairs. Though the description of Angkor was not included in the Décadas, it circulated quite widely since echoes of its content appeared in sundry Iberan published works of the first decades of the 17th century, such as Father Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio's Breve y verdadera relacion de los sucessos del reyno de Camboxa in 1604; in Father Joao dos Santos' Ethiopia Oriental et varia historia de cousas notaveis de Oriente in 1609 and Bartolomé Leonardo de Argensola's Conquista de las Islas Malucas in 1609.

It was only in 1947 that historian Charles R. Boxer found do Couto's transcription of Madalena's original relation to his journey in Cambodia and made it known to a broader public, before it was translated in French by Bernard-Philippe Groslier in 1957:

This revealed a precise description of Angkor Wat and especially Angkor Thom as seen in 1550, which was discovered anew during a royal hunt by King Ang Chan, one hundred years after the fall of Angkor. While the Franciscan friar praised the beauty of the religious complex "like no other monument in the whole world", the friar also compares the stupas to Portuguese coruchea  or capirote, usually worn by the Penitents seeking redemption in the Christian faith. Madalena correctly attributes an Indian origin to the Khmer architecture while Jesuit Pedro de Ribadeneira and his Spanish sources still believed it could have been the work of Alexander the Great and even in 1604, Dominican friar Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio believed it could be a temple of the lost tribes of Israel.

title: António da Madalena


text: User talk:218.189.184.98

title: User talk:218.189.184.98


text:
Talk:Contessa Brewer

History of this article
''see: Articles for deletion/Contessa Brewer/Temp and the deletion log. Thryduulf 22:58, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * On 15 June 2005 a previous version of this page was marked as a potential copyright violation
 * On 20 June a non copyvio stub was started at Contessa Brewer/Temp
 * On 24 June the original page was confirmed to be a copyright violation and deleted, but the stub at /Temp was not moved to Contessa Brewer
 * On 1 July a slightly different non-copyright stub was started at Contessa Brewer by the same user who started the version at /Temp. This stub was later expanded
 * On 4 September Contessa Brewer/Temp was nominated for deletion
 * On 22 September the deletion debate was closed and the page histories of Contessa Brewer and Contessa Brewer/Temp were merged, with the expanded stub being set as the current version at Contessa Brewer. Contessa Brewer/Temp now redirects to Contessa Brewer.

Newsbusters is a credible source?
Wow. --84.153.127.176 (talk) 17:51, 4 April 2010 (UTC) Both of the sources for the Judd Gregg disparagement are conservative news sources as is Judd Gregg-shouldn't that be acknowledged in the body of the article? Seems an odd twist to put in an article about a news anchor without some context. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.30.210.132 (talk) 21:01, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Newbusters isn't the source. The source is the embedded video found at that cite (I couldn't find it at MSNBC for ... some reason).Ikeinthemed (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 19:16, 18 June 2010 (UTC).
 * Newsbusters shows a clip. The meaning of the clip -- your interpretation of it -- is unsourced. We could write an article several thousand pages long if we simply took anything she said on the air and pontificated on it. That is not what Wikipeidia does. We report what reliable sources say, not what you or any other individual editor thinks. In the alternate case, where Newsbusters makes the claim about the meaning, we have the question of weight. One blog's comments on their interpretation of something is not worthy of inclusion. If we included every topic covered by any blog out there, this article would, again, be thousands of pages long. The articles on Obama, sugar, climate change, etc. would be hundreds of thousands of pages long. - SummerPhD (talk) 19:27, 18 June 2010 (UTC)
 * You should read up on how to source as well including what's a reliable source (I know there's a lot in Wikipedia to learn). See WP:RS. Mattnad (talk)

is this page even worth having?
The page has improved but I do have to ask about having facebook and twitter links. These types of links open up the doorway for a number of other types of links that are usually frowned upon in wikipedia articles. If you want to know if she's on facebook you can do a search for her. If you want to know if she's on twitter, the same goes.

If you want to know things about her, Contessa_Brewer would seem suitable.Woods01 (talk) 04:37, 22 September 2010 (UTC)

Recent edits
I've removed several lines of content added as "criticism" that do not meet Wikipedia's high quality sourcing requirements for WP:BLPs. The removed content also contained original research and synthesis, as well as information not contained in the cited sources. Xenophrenic (talk) 20:00, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Personal life?
No category? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ericg33 (talk • contribs) 08:15, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
 * DIY. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 19:17, 13 August 2011 (UTC)

NPOV
This page has significant issues with tone that border on making this an attack piece. The career section is a list of corrections rather than a list of significant events. I should make it clear that I am not a fan of Ms Brewer's politics; regardless of my opinion the way this article is formatted is inappropriate for a BLP. If the corrections are to be kept, they should be placed in their own section. The career section should be a neutral accounting of notable accomplishments. 76.111.244.85 (talk) 12:28, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
 * the sourcing is decent, even though it does seem like once she left Reno it was one gaffe after another. I think these controversies are notable and come with the territory in her former role at MSNBC, herself a non-neutral anchor/commentator (a role typically adopted by their anchors) taking conservatives to task, which bolstered her profile with some, and earned enmity from others... Roberticus   talk  14:52, 17 April 2014 (UTC)

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text: User talk:129.110.97.189

title: User talk:129.110.97.189


text:
Small business software

Small business software refers to software specifically designed to help small business owners run their operations better, cut costs, and replace paper processes.

The small business software industry covers a wide variety of tools and packages, ranging from small business CRM software and Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS), to accounting, office productivity, and communications software.

The most pressing issue for small businesses has been to organize their financial records, mostly due to government requirements in tax reporting. This perhaps explains why accounting software for small business seems to be a growing market.

title: Small business software


text:
Paul Robert (lexicographer)

Paul Charles Jules Robert (19 October 1910, Orléansville, French Algeria – 11 August 1980, Mougins, Alpes-Maritimes, France), usually called Paul Robert, was a French lexicographer and publisher, best known for his large Dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française (1953), often called simply the Robert (Le Robert), and its abridgement, the Petit Robert (1967; Little Robert); who founded the dictionary company Dictionnaires Le Robert.

title: Paul Robert (lexicographer)


text:
User:Isais1

Hello I am Isais1

title: User:Isais1


text: User talk:71.110.198.95

title: User talk:71.110.198.95


text:
Michael Goldenberg

Michael Goldenberg (born January 18, 1965) is an American playwright, screenwriter and film director. He graduated from the Carnegie Mellon College of Drama in 1986 with a B.F.A. Goldenberg is best known for writing the screenplay for the film Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, which was the only time a Harry Potter film did not have its screenplay written by Steve Kloves.

Career
Goldenberg was the screenwriter and director of Bed of Roses (1996). He was the co-screenwriter for the film adaptation of Contact (1997) and co-adapted the live-action version of Peter Pan (2003) with director P. J. Hogan. He is also the screenwriter for the fifth Harry Potter film Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007).

Goldenberg was selected to write the screenplay for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix in November 2004 when Steve Kloves, who had adapted the previous four Harry Potter books, turned down the opportunity to do the fifth film due to exhaustion and an interest in pursuing other projects. The BBC reported Goldenberg was to write and direct a futuristic drama for Warner Bros. afterward. He was also one of the screenwriters for the superhero movie Green Lantern, having rewritten the script for director Martin Campbell.

He also co-wrote (with Geoff Johns) the Green Lantern Prequel Special: SINESTRO #1 for DC Comics (featuring Sinestro from the Green Lantern film). It had a 'Movie Art' cover (using a still from the film) and internal art by Fernando Dagnino Guerra. The comic was one of 5 different comic Prequel Specials. He also wrote a screenplay for a Wonder Woman film, that was not used.

He wrote a draft of the screenplay for the 2020 Artemis Fowl film, although was not ultimately credited.

title: Michael Goldenberg


text:
User talk:Rrr~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€  02:21, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
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Katie Cassidy

Katherine Evelyn Anita Cassidy (formerly Cassidy Rodgers; born November 25, 1986) is an American actress. Following several minor television roles, she came to attention as a scream queen after starring in the horror films When a Stranger Calls (2006), as Kelli Presley in Black Christmas (2006) and as Ruby in the third season of the horror series Supernatural (2007–2008). Following a supporting role in the action film Taken (2008), Cassidy played leading roles in the slasher series Harper's Island (2009) and the remake of the drama series Melrose Place (2009–2010). She starred as Kris Fowles in the slasher film remake A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010) and had a recurring role as Juliet Sharp during the fourth season of the teen drama Gossip Girl (2010–2012).

Cassidy had her breakthrough in 2012, after being cast as Laurel Lance / Black Canary, on The CW television series Arrow. Cassidy has reprised her role in the Arrowverse series The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow, as well as voicing the character in the animated web series Vixen. Following her character's death in season four of Arrow, Cassidy began playing Laurel Lance / Black Siren, an antagonistic version of the character from a parallel universe, originating on The Flash and continuing on to Arrow.

Early life and family
Cassidy was born on November 25, 1986, in Los Angeles, California. She is the only child of actor and singer David Cassidy and fashion model Sherry Williams. Cassidy's paternal grandparents were actors Jack Cassidy and Evelyn Ward and she is the niece of teen idol and television producer Shaun Cassidy and actor Patrick Cassidy and Ryan Cassidy. Cassidy has a younger half-brother named Beau, born in 1991, from her father's third marriage to Sue Shifrin. She also has two younger half-sisters, Jenna and Jamie, from her mother's marriage to Richard Benedon.

After Cassidy's parents ended their relationship, she was raised by her mother and stepfather. David Cassidy spoke of his absence from Katie's life, saying in February 2017: "I've never had a relationship with her. I wasn't her father. I was her biological father but I didn't raise her. She has a completely different life. I'm proud of her. She's very talented. It's hard for me to even accept how old she is now." In her youth, Cassidy was on the competitive cheerleader team the California Flyers. A resident of Bell Canyon, California, she attended Calabasas High School. During her time there, she signed a recording contract, releasing a cover of "I Think I Love You", a song which had been a hit for her biological father as part of the soundtrack to his TV show The Partridge Family.

Acting career
In 2003, Cassidy made her television and acting debut appearing in an episode of the Lifetime drama series The Division. Cassidy has continued to guest appear in television shows such as Celebrity Apprentice 4, Listen Up and New Girl. In 2005, Cassidy appeared in a recurring role on The WB's series 7th Heaven over the course of four episodes. That same year, she also appeared on the UPN teen drama series Sex, Love & Secrets.

In 2006, Cassidy made her film debut as Tiffany Madison in the horror film When a Stranger Calls. Cassidy has gone on to have notable supporting roles in films Click, Taken and Live!.

In February 2006, Cassidy was cast as Kelli Presley in the Dimension Films horror-slasher film Black Christmas, a remake of the 1974 film. The film centers on an escaped maniac who returns to his childhood home on Christmas Eve, which is now a sorority house, and one by one kills all of the sorority sisters. The film was released on December 15, 2006 to negative reviews from critics. The film was a moderate success, making over $50 million worldwide.

In 2007, Cassidy appeared on The CW's supernatural drama series Supernatural. Cassidy played the role of Ruby, a demon. Making her debut in the show's third season, Cassidy appeared in six episodes. In 2008, though her character returned for the show's fourth season, Cassidy was replaced by actress Genevieve Cortese.

In October 2008, Variety announced Cassidy had been cast on the CBS horror mystery limited series Harper's Island. Cassidy portrayed the role of Patricia "Trish" Wellington, a bride-to-be. The series centered on a group of family and friends who gather for a wedding on an island known for its sinister past full of gruesome murders. In each episode, at least one character is killed off. Cassidy and her fellow cast members were not told about their characters' deaths until the day they received a script. The series premiered on April 9, 2009 to 10.21 million viewers. Despite ratings failing to maintain the pilot's success, CBS aired the remainder of the series with the series finale airing on July 11, 2009.

In February 2009, The CW cast Cassidy as a lead in the drama series Melrose Place, a reboot of the 1990s series of the same name. Cassidy portrayed the role of Ella Simms, a publicist who resides in a West Hollywood apartment complex and centers on its residents. The series premiered on September 8, 2009 to 2.31 million viewers. Despite mixed reviews, Cassidy's performance was praised by critics and was cited as "the best thing about the Melrose reboot" by New York magazine. The CW canceled the series in May 2010 due to low ratings.

In April 2010, Cassidy appeared in another remake; this time the horror classic A Nightmare on Elm Street, originally released in 1984 of the same name. Cassidy portrays the false protagonist Kris Fowles; a high school student who becomes a victim to Freddy Krueger. Filming began in Chicago with the film earning over $31 million in its opening weekend. Cassidy was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in the Horror/Thriller Actress category for her role, which she lost to Megan Fox. Cassidy's work in the horror genre has led to her being labelled a Scream Queen.

Shortly after the release of A Nightmare on Elm Street, Variety announced Cassidy had been cast in the adventure comedy film Monte Carlo. The film, which also stars Leighton Meester and Selena Gomez, follows three friends who pose as wealthy socialites while on holiday in Monte Carlo. Production began in May 2010 with filming taking place in Monaco, Budapest, Paris, and Texas. The film was released on July 1, 2011 and received mixed to negative reviews from critics, and went on to gross $39 million worldwide.

In June 2010, The CW announced Cassidy would have a major recurring arc in the fourth season of the teen drama series Gossip Girl. Cassidy portrayed Juliet Sharp, who attends Columbia University and sets out to ruin the life of the show's central character Serena van der Woodsen. Cassidy made her first appearance in the season premiere and went on to appear in over 11 episodes of the season.

In May 2012, Cassidy was cast as the title character in the film adaptation of the graphic novel The Scribbler, alongside Eliza Dushku, Michelle Trachtenberg and Gina Gershon. She plays Suki, a young woman with dissociative identity disorder.

In March 2011, Cassidy was cast in the ABC drama pilot Georgetown as Nikki, a smart and quick-witted junior staffer in the White House Communications Office with connections to the First Lady. The pilot was created by Gossip Girl executive producers Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The series was not picked up by ABC.

In February 2012, Cassidy landed the main cast role of Laurel Lance / Black Canary in The CW's series Arrow, which is based on the Green Arrow comic books. The series premiered on October 10, 2012. Cassidy left the show as a series regular after her character was killed off in episode 18 of the fourth season on April 6, 2016. On May 17, 2016, she guest-starred in the Arrow verse spin-off series The Flash for the second time, but as the metahuman Black Siren, Laurel's Earth-2 doppelgänger, in the second-season episode "Invincible". On July 23, 2016, it was announced that Cassidy had signed a deal with Warner Bros. to appear across multiple CW Arrowverse shows. On March 27, 2017, it was announced that Cassidy would return to Arrow as a series regular for season 6; reprising the role of Black Siren. She continued in that role for the remaining duration of the show. The season 8 episode "Leap of Faith" marked her directorial debut.

In 2016, Cassidy portrayed the character of Sharon (a character inspired by late fashion model and actress Sharon Tate) in the direct-to-digital-HD horror film Wolves at the Door, loosely based on the Manson Family's murders.

Cassidy also stars in the 2017 PS4 game Hidden Agenda.

Personal life
Cassidy is a spokeswoman for the charity H.E.L.P. Malawi.

In 2016, Cassidy began dating Matthew Rodgers. The couple announced their engagement on June 5, 2017. Cassidy and Rodgers wed on December 8, 2018. Cassidy filed for divorce on January 8, 2020 in Los Angeles. The divorce was finalized on March 22, 2021 and it became public on March 26.

Since March 2023, Cassidy has been in a relationship with Canadian actor Stephen Huszar. The two had met on the set of the Hallmark Channel movie A Royal Christmas Crush.

As a director

 * Arrow – episode: "Leap of Faith" (2019)

title: Katie Cassidy