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User talk:Fenian Swine/Archive 1

 * i myself am a fenian and like most fenians i think that brits are a bunch of gobshites.

Wikipedia has a policy of not allowing provocative usenames that may cause offence to other users. You name is likely to fall foul of that policy. I suggest that you change it. Otherwise there is a likelihood that the name will be changed by Wikipedia itself. FearÉIREANN\(caint) 17:40, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If anyone thinks this name is offensive leave a message on this page.Otherwise I will not change it.--Fenian Swine 01:00, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What will simply happen is that people will complain to admins because they think your name is an attack on 'fenians' (ie, republicans and nationalists), or an admin will see your name, decide it is a breach of Wikipedia naming rules, and either block you from Wikipedia for using an "offensive name", or automatically delete your name and move you to something else whether you like it or not. Names that are seen as provocative, offensive or attacking, are automatically deleted and frequently the user is blocked. If you want to risk being blocked from Wikipedia for a name that may cause offence to people, that is your right. But don't be surprised if you then end up blocked from being on Wikipedia or having your name forceably changed over your head. FearÉIREANN[[Image:Ireland coa.png|15px]]\(caint) 01:15, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Give me an example of this(people complaining to administrators).Otherwise this is just a racist bombardment of the Republican movement.--Fenian Swine 17:59, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You'd be well advised to listen. Your compatriot is just trying to help you. Deb 21:49, 8 August 2005 (UTC)  PS. I'm not English.
 * I am listening.Its just that no one would ever find my name offensive.Im clearly not slagging fenians considering I am one.--Fenian Swine 23:23, 8 August 2005 (UTC) P.S.I'm a Fenian and your not funny.

People regularly misunderstand names here. One user called himself Jesus saves. He was a born-again Christian. But Christians thought he was mocking christianity, eventually a complaint was lodged and his name was blocked. One user decided that my Irish name was threatening because he thought it meant fear eireann (ie, be afraid of me!). Your name is not offensive to me because I know what it means. But others, going by past history, will see it come on edits and presume that you are attacking fenians and that all your edits are anti-Irish, and so they may automatically rollback your edits, and follow everything you write. The trouble with sarcastic names is that you may mean it to mean one thing, but someone else may think it is something else. Or some admin may see it, deem it offensive and anti-Irish, and hit the block button. It isn't worth the hassle, mate. At least calling yourself 'The Fenian' or something would be less likely to cause trouble for yourself. FearÉIREANN\(caint) 23:36, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Someone seriously offended by a name would surely check this page and see it's a sarcarstic pro-republican name! KEEP IT Tunney 22:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC).Cheers Tunney.--Fenian Swine 22:45, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Unwelcome?
I would like to know why I never got welcomed into the Wickie community and was never given a set of rules like other newbie's.Is this because of my highly controversial and offensive;) name.--Fenian Swine 03:00, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Certainly not! You're very welcome. It was probably just an oversight. If you let me know what your new username is, I'll welcome you on that too! Clair de Lune 08:20, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Kilmacud Crokes
The article is much better now, you can remove the tag--nixie 02:41, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Categories
I've just reverted your recent edits to Terry Wogan, Gerry Adams, Michael Collins, and Johnny Giles because they all included the identical category line, which means they all get classified under the "B"s. Please be a bit more careful with cut'n'paste and remember to put the person's actual name in the line! :) -- Arwel 01:25, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * You were a bit quick asking your question while I was typing my explanation! Cheers. -- Arwel 01:27, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Better late than never! :-) Here it is;

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Not sure what to make of your username. Reckon you'd do well to listen to FearÉireann as he knows wot's wot. Seeya - Pete C ✍ 01:48, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It is'nt offensive in any way.Read my 'user page'.I'm not slagging fenian's.--Fenian Swine 01:50, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Not saying it is (nor is FearÉireann, far as I can see). Just that you're going to wind up getting blocked. :-/ - Pete C <sup style="color:DarkRed;">✍ 01:53, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Excuse me for butting in here, but I would have to agree with FearÉireann. Wikipedia is a serious project, and a name such as yours which could be seen prima facie to be provocative (e.g. as it was to me) will not do you favours. --Kwekubo 03:06, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * For fenian's sake,I am taking it seriously.Look at the pages I've added and big edit's I've made.It is not as if Im vandilising Wikipedia.And if their is any doubt about this please check out This to show my seriousness.--Fenian Swine 18:36, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I am not necessarily suggesting that you are not a worthwhile contributor - I am merely stating that at first glance your name arouses suspicion. --Kwekubo 20:27, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Davetunney RFA
Hello. May I ask why you nominated User:Davetunney for admin? He is new to the project with only a few edits. Jonathunder 03:33, 2005 August 22 (UTC)

Tá brón orm faoi seo.--Fenian Swine 13:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Rory Gallagher
I see the confusion now, as Gallagher cannot be cleanly classified as either a Cork person or a Donegal person alone, so Category:Irish people would be more appropriate. But if e.g. the Cork people is used, it is not necessary to use the Irish people cat too as one is a subset of the other. --Kwekubo 20:27, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It could be argued that he is both from Cork and Donegal, and someone from one place would probably try to replace one with the other - it's probably cleaner to put him at Category:Irish people. Also, just to let you know, your timestamp is one hour slow - you should reset it to UTC (see your user preferences).

Vandalism
You have vandalised my user page I suggest a ban. Tunney 23:26, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, its the British Isles
"I hate the term British Isles.English people should get over themselves.They no longer have an empire to speak of and hopefully Scotland and Wales will leave the empire.They are in the 'Celtic Isles' after all."

Sorry to bust your bubble but there are no grounds for calling these isles Celtic. They have being known as the Prettanic/Brettanic or British Isles for over two thousand years. Why? Because that was the name of the peoples living there. In contrast, very few if any of the peoples of the isles ever called themselves Celts, mainly because they were'nt. Cheers. Fergananim 23.8.05.

What clubs play in the 'Celtic League'.Irish,scottish and Welsh.So there are more Celtic nations in the so called Br*t*ish Isles.Bubble unburst.Go raibh míle.--Fenian Swine 23:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * But none of those nations have much Celtic blood. The Celts were based in central and western Europe, with only very small sections of their population based in these isles - and the majority of them were in what is now England. Baseing your argument on what sports group calls itself dos'nt exactly demonstate any depth of intelligence germane to the issue on your part. Fergananim25.8.05.

I don't understand your argument. The big island's called "Britain" because that's what the (Celtic) people who lived there called it. If it were the English who'd named it after themselves, they'd be the English Isles, and you'd have a strong point. But it wasn't, they aren't, and you don't. Clair de Lune 08:23, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Well thats your problem is'nt it.signed 'blocked user' --Fenian Swine 13:47, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also these island have been called British by other people e.g. the romans.There were not called british by the people that count i.e. the irish.so this point is a poorly made point.we are green we are white we are f***ing dynamite.

Actually they were as a perusal of the early Irish annals will show you. Fergananim 25.8.05
 * actually your right,fergananim the infallible,

 * Never said I was infallible. All I was doing was drawing your attention to the underlying fault of your assumption. If at any time you had - or yet have - any facts or reasonable assuptions that are otherwise, I'd be happy to acknowledge them. That's what Wikipdeia is all about. Fergananim 22:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Did every citizen of Ireland write in these annals.No one person's view dosent reflect those of all citizen's of a country.So what your saying is these isles are british,even Ireland?--Play Brian Moore 02:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * To reiterite: the collective geographical name for these islands is the British Isles.

In political terms it is incorrect as it implies that both Ireland and Britain are part of one political unit, which they are not.

The term British refers to all the inhabitants of the island of Britain; the term English refers to the inhabitants of England, which is part of Britain. The two terms are related but are not necessarily mutually inclusive. A Welsh, Cornish or Scottish person can be British, but not English. An English person can be British but not Welsh, Scots or Cornish.

While it is geographically correct to refer to Ireland as part of the British Isles, it is incorrect to refer to most Irish people as British, as they not inhabitants of Britain, nor are most of them inhabitants of the UK, most of which is based in Britian (hence "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland").

Your wish to refer to the British Isles as the Celtic Isles reflects the wishes of many people - mainly Irish, Scots, Welsh and Cornish - to find a term other than British to refer to the islands. This is because the term British has being associated with being English, and as above noted, are seen by many as interchangable words though this is not so. No one has yet come up with a broadly accecptable alternative as yet, so instead of refering to "the British Isles" people often say "Britain and Ireland", "the Isles" or "these islands".

As I alluded to above, there is no basis for calling these them the Celtic Isles. It was not until the 18th centuary that antiquarys began to use the term "Celts" to apply to the people of Cornwall, Ireland, Scotland and Ireland. They did this because the languages spoken by these people belonged to the Celtic language family (which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family).

However they were wrong in doing so because none of these peoples had ever referred to themselves as Celts.

Recent Y-Chromosone DNA studys have demonstrated that they are not in fact genetic Celts. The gentic ancestry of most of the Isles - including, surpriseingly, much of England - are all closely akin to each other, and very close to that of the Basque people. The Basque people are the oldest know inhabitants of Europe, and are both linguistly and geneticly very distinct from other Europeans. Needless to say, there is a wide genetic divergence between the Basques (and most Irish, English, Scots, Welsh and Cornish people) and the people still living in what were the Celtic regions of Europe (Central, northern and eastern France, western and centralGermany, Switzerland, Austria, northern Italy, etc).

What the DNA studys demonstrate is that a good 80% (or more?) of the collective population of these islands have roots here going back several thousands of years, and are more closely related to each other (and the Basques) than most other past and present European peoples. There are caveats; large parts of northern and eastern Scotland demonstrate their Norwegian roots (via the Vikings); much the same can be said for parts of north-east England (Daneish roots, again via the Vikings) while parts of southern England (though not all) show affinity with the Celts of mainland Europe, due to some large Celtic immigration movements before and right after the first years A.D.

But overall the explanation holds true, and as I said, their genetic affinity is NOT identical with the Celts (or rather their latter day descendants). The only parts of these isles that do are located not in Ireland, Scotland, Wales or Cornwall but in England (and even there it is only a minority).

So can you see why there is no basis for changing the name of the islands to the Celtic Isles? Fergananim 03:40, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Technicalities
Technically "Ireland and the UK" is not synonymous with "British Isles." --Eoghanacht 15:36, 2005 August 24 (UTC)
 * 1) The Isle of Man is not legally part of the United Kingdom, it is Crown Dependency.
 * 2) Although the smaller islands off shore of Ireland are either part of the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland, geographically speaking they are not part of island of Ireland.  Most people do not realize that the official name for the Republic is either simply "Éire" or "Ireland", so it can lead to confussion between the reference to the country or the island, particularly for articles dealing with natural geography.
 * 3) Use of "Ireland, the UK, and the Isle of Man" would leave out the Channel Islands and Rockall, although this may actually be desireable as their categorization as British Isles is disputable.
 * Well Ireland is a soveirgn,anti-british state so the term in question should be fucked on the scrap heap.Celtic isles is far more aquarate.--Muc Fíníneach 22:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

It may be appropriate to you but it is not used, and furthermore is inaccurate as there was never much of a Celtic population in the islands. So its a rather pointless term. And please define anti-British Fergananim 25.8.05

OK OK it is the British Fucking Isles --Muc Fíníneach 16:23, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Its not the British Fucking Isles, its the British Isles. Fergananim 17:04, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * NOTE: I didnt write OK OK it is the British Fucking Isles --Muc Fíníneach 16:23, 26 August 2005 (UTC).That was that fucking bollox mr swine.i was not in the house at the time and i have proof of that.--Play Brian Moore 21:07, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

here is my proof contributions

Muc, Fenian and Moore are all the same people. A reading of posts under these names pretty much demonstrates it. Whatever he wants to call himself, it dos'nt change the fact that he is often abusive, has no idea how to present a valid argument of any kind, and trys to pass off responsilility for his actions when made to account for them (which is'nt a great CV for his charecter). Either accord by the rules of Wikipedia, or go somewhere else. Fergananim 03:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * no there not im fenian swine aka brian moore.user:mr Swine is muc and he got banned for impersonating me.I will not leave this place.I'm as welcome here as any other user.--Play Brian Moore 13:39, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fenian Swine/Archive 1


text:
User:Muc Fíníneach

This user is blocked for impersonating user:Fenian Swine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Muc Fíníneach


text:
Talk:Running of the bulls

Encierro
Because the festival at San Fermin is an instance of an encierro, I thought an entry of its own was deserved. Hence I have made a first stab at it. I hope others may also be able to add information about encierros held outside of Spain. Gsd2000 23:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Literal meaning
We need a literal meaning for "el encierro." Badagnani 20:46, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

96.232.105.187 (talk) 00:07, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

the jumping into water
I once saw a picture where some people were jumping into a river or lake to escape some oncoming bulls. Is there an encierro where this frequently happens, and if so, where?

 * I would say that it is an extremely common occurrence. Most Spanish towns and villages have fountains in their centres and the centres are invariably where the bulls run.  I've seen it meself... Gsd2000 00:15, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

You must be talking about the Bous a la mar of Denia. The objetive is to force the bull to jump into the sea (not a river nor a lake) without touching it.--Menah the Great 18:49, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

comment added by n96.232.105.187 (talk) 23:55, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

San Fermin vs Encierros in general / Injuries and Deaths
This article is about the activity that is the encierro. The bull runs in Pamplona may be the ones that non-Spanish hear about, but they are just one of hundreds that go on every year. I removed the "injuries and deaths" paragraph because it related to the San Fermin bull run (which already has these stats), and did not relate to total global deaths and injuries in bullruns worldwide. Gsd2000 03:01, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

el encierro
I believe el encierro means "the confinement" in spanish literally. there might be other ways also, and the phrase should be reworded to not say el encierro means running of the bulls. Propain 23:18, 16 November 2006 (UTC),

I belive this means the bull run. Theres other defantions as well but this somes it all up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maria 96.232.105.187 (talk) 00:00, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Why do they do this?
I'm surprised that this page doesn't give a reason for this tradition given that it seems rather insane to me. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.103.127.178 (talk) 05:01, 5 January 2007 (UTC). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.232.105.187 (talk) 23:57, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

isn't this plagiarism??
text within this article is taken directly from http://www.sanfermin.com/2006/guia.php?lang=eng. sup with that? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.58.73.241 (talk) 01:25, 22 January 2007 (UTC).

Article name
This doesn't seem like the most appropriate name. On es.wikipedia.org, sure, but not here. Naming conventions suggests using the most common name in in English. Using google, even the highly restrictive phrase (which would reject some results) "running of the bulls" yields 233,000 results in English. Using only the single term "Encierro" yields 53,100 results in English, though many of these, at least on the first page, appear to be mirror sites and/or include "bull run" or "running of the bulls".

Aside from google, the term is not common in English or even widely known. Washingtonpost.com shows 5 results, while "Running of the bulls" shows 74 results since 1987. The Chicago Sun-Times shows NO RESULTS for "Encierro" and 77 results (copy and paste the following uncooperative link: http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=("Running%20of%20the%20bulls")%20AND%20date(all)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=("Running%20of%20the%20bulls")&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=_rank_:D&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes ) for "Running of the Bulls".

Most people in the English-speaking world do not likely even know the term "El Encierro", and certainly very few would search for that term on Wikipedia. Even the external links on this page primarily say "Running of the Bulls". Since this article does not refer to one specific event, but to a country-wide phenomenon, the most common name in English should be used. Ufwuct 23:05, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

There are those who contend that the title, "Running of the bulls" is a misnomer with the emphasis improperly placed on the minority animal. Perhaps this event and others like it would be more appropriately named as, "Running of the fools".Windmaker2 16:11, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Animal rights concerns / controversy
I miss a section regarding animal rights concerns; I'm not an expert on this issue (hence I feel I can not add it myself) yet I've heard stories about 'preparation of the bulls' to include covering their eyes with vaseline and dehydrating them for several days to ensure a safer trip for locals and the many tourists that are participating in these events. I'm unable to assess whether this is animal-rights propaganda or a true present day practise. 24.12.179.20 16:49, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

I have heard similar stories but a quick web search didn't turn up any documentation. I also came across claims of electric shocks and drugs being used. I think if these can be documented that it should be included, but I'm not sure animal rights concerns would be the right heading since I think animal rights view would just be to not use the bulls. Maybe Animal Welfare Concerns would be an OK sub-head? If I find documentation, I'll post the proposed change here first for review.Bob98133 19:15, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Examples
Is the example regarding a bull being floated along and then killed with lances relevant? Earlier in the article, it is mentioned that any violence is forbidden, so killing with lances is bull-fighting, not bull-running. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.67.252.128 (talk) 15:50, 6 May 2007 (UTC).

Popular Culture
Shouldn't there be a section of references to this insane activity in popular culture, such as the commercial that Nike did with the members of the Denver Broncos' offensive line getting into a three point stance and then taking the bulls head on?

 * It looks like the "In Other Media" section is going to be a magnet for junk. While the Hemmingway novels and the Louis Lumiere movie make sense to include, a whole bunch of references to Family Guy or Jackass in which a bull run, or something like it, may have appeared is the sort of thing we'll pull later, so why not ditch those almost irrelevant entries now? Bob98133 (talk) 14:02, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

when was the first running of the bulls?
Does anyone know?

The article says it developed from moving the bulls to the ring for the bullfights; is the time of evolution of the encierro as debated as that of bullfighting, or is there documentation for its beginning?Ingeborg Ulfsdottyr (talk) 23:28, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

These activities are at least comparable to ancient Minoan murals showing acrobats jumping over bulls, and perhaps also to the ritual chasing of heifers through the ancient town of Gubbio in Italy described in the Iguvine Tablets (tablet Ib 40ff). Not sure if there is any evidence of a historical connection, though. Johundhar (talk) 23:51, 8 December 2021 (UTC)

deaths
I mean no disrespect but have removed the mention of the American tourist killed in 1995. it was out of place, being remarkable solely due to his nationallity. A mention of the most recent death is appropriate, not simply one out of 15 considered "more important" for being American. --Brideshead (talk) 22:37, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

I've also taken out the "popular culture/trivia" sections, worked the notable examples into the body of the article and deleted the ever present reference to Family Guy. i love Family Guy as much as anyone but every single article does not need to have a reference to a Family Guy episode. --Brideshead (talk) 22:49, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I mostly agree with your editions, however one possible reason to leave the tourist death in 1995 could be that it was the last people to be killed by the horns. (the last person was due to a head concussion). I'm from Pamplona, so I don't really care about the nationality (I even thought he was australian), but most people here remembers the death.--Garrondo (talk) 07:31, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

That is a good point and if it is still well known in the area involved, then perhaps it is noteworthy. I've readded it. --Brideshead (talk) 11:12, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

I read in a national (Swedish) newspaper that the most recent death was in 2008, updating deathtoll from 15 to 16 and removing the American tourist reference, as he/she is no longer the most recent kill. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.229.152.254 (talk) 13:04, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

This year death in sanfermin was a tourist who fell from a wall, but it was not during the running of the bulls but while he was sleeping in a garden, so it is not relevant. However last death was Fermín Etxeberria Iraneta wich fell during the running below the bulls and died of head trauma.--Garrondo (talk) 11:14, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

List of dead runners
As I said in my editing summary, this list would be better on the Darwin Award page. I can see that it might be relevant to mention the first death or the most recent death, but listing them all is stupid. Why not list everyone who died when their parachute didn't open on the parachuting page? Getting trampled or gored by a bull while intentionally running in front of it is not worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedic article, except one about clumsiness or stupidity. Bob98133 (talk) 13:39, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * First of all: Take it easy... :-) Things are never black or white. My reasons for inclusion are the following: First of all they are not hundreds, but 14 so there is not a problem of space, while the fact that they are so few gives them some kind of notability. At the same time is not so much of interest their names while the other facts of the table: the year of each death could be of interest to see if the number of deaths has grown or decreased, while the origin and age of the person gives a good idea of the characteristics of runners and the section of the running may indicate which part is most dangerous. Finally such list is perfectly referenced, so it should be discussed if it has to be eliminated. The references are from the press association of Pamplona and the council of the same city, and the fact that both organisations put it in their pages abut the running implies that they feel it is notable to include it. I believe these are reasons that back up both the notability and encyclopedicy of the table enough to maintain it. Nevertheless lets see if other editors give their opinion.

Best regards. --Garrondo (talk) 14:25, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Garrondo. I wasn't questioning at all that this is well-referenced and thanks for doing that work. It just doesn't make any sense to include it in the article. For example, the Golden Gate Bridge article mentions in detail that people commit suicide from the bridge, but it doesn't list each one by name, age, sex, nationality, day of the week or any other way. The only thing notable about the list of those who died at the Running of the Bulls is that they were slower than the bulls or clumsier or more unlucky than the other runners, none of which are notable. The list does not reveal any other intersting demographic. It's fine that these deaths are reported in detail on a website devoted to Pamplona, but not in an encyclopedia article. Bob98133 (talk) 14:40, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I simply do not agree for the reasons I stated. Lets leave it for a few days and see if other people give their opinion and discuss the appropiateness of its inclusion again (lets say for example a week?). Regarding the reference you just have added on danger for bulls: I have left it for the moment, but a better ref should be found since it does not explicitely say its dangerous for bulls and a case of falling does not give the rule that it is dangerous. I seem to remember that a few years ago a bull broke its neck when he hit a wall, but I am not sure if it was during the run... maybe something like that could serve better.--Garrondo (talk) 14:47, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Only as a personal comment: I am from Pamplona and some of my friends run (I do not but I like to see it). Running is no more stupid than parachuting: both are obviously dangerous and people do it for the adrenaline. Normally nothing goes wrong but both runners and parachuters know that they are endangering their life. :-)--Garrondo (talk) 14:51, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

I agree they are both dangerous, however: Each year in the U.S. about 35 people die while making approximately 2 million parachute jumps.. I know it would be original research, but that is about 1 in 57,000. I think the odds of being injured while running with the bulls is higher than that. As well, the risk of being injured is an integral part of the bull run, while it is a lesser part of parachuting. I agree, let's leave it and see if there's other comments, along with the danger to bulls. Bob98133 (talk) 15:12, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * You didn't need the ref for the parachute figure :-), I would have believed you. Ok, I know the danger is different... but the essence is similar (what's the point of jumping from a plane with nothing else but a blanket to protect you from smashing to the ground?). (Lets say I would rather jump that run). This is also OR, but taking say for example last 20 years (I don't know figures on participation before that) every day aproximately 2000 people run. That is 20.000 people during the festival and 400.000 in the last 20 years with only 2 deaths: odds are 1 for every 200.000 runners. Probably not so easy to get killed as you tought :-P. Injuries really don't count (How many people break their ankle or bruise their arms parachuting every year?: Probably quite a lot and are not even registered.--Garrondo (talk) 07:36, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

why would they do this when they know they are gonna die 😂 202.47.53.130 (talk) 07:56, 22 May 2021 (UTC)

Famous People to attend the running of the Bulls
Does anyone know any? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.240.241.68 (talk) 04:53, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Fine to ask, but even if there are some, I don't see how including them in the article would improve the article. Bob98133 (talk) 13:34, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Anyone can run?
Is that true?

That didn't use to be the case in Pamplona. There were guys there whose job it was to shoo any girls off the course before the race.

Because the Pamplona race is for men only. Why would girls be participating in a dangerous manhood ritual?

Varlaam (talk) 01:45, 10 June 2012 (UTC)

Only rules: being over 18, having appropiate clothes, not being intoxicated by drugs or alcohol. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.237.12.65 (talk) 09:58, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

What happens to the bulls afterwards?
From the current state of this article, it's awfully hard to tell what happens to the bulls after this event. Wknight94 talk 03:21, 8 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I've tried to clarify it with my last edition. --Jotamar (talk) 18:23, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

Illegal
historically Farmers advocated avoidance of injury because any injured family member could not help support the farm and yet the town would still support them. injury could cause real devistation not only to the injured but others. ie, the farmer's expression "keep your feet on the ground"

in books there was allot of danger and devistation glorified: that was fiction, in reality farmers condemned injury.

who pays for bull injuries? the town? if it falls on the head of unpaid people being injured and the town does not support well: screw you. if not, sorry i mentioned it!

do not bring this trash to USA "The Great Bull Run" Atlanta GA unless it is well insured.

i'm already sue the organizers (which has been done successfully in the usa legal system many times before)

"the rich need poor courts" -- jdh

_ Wikipedia is not a forum. RGloucester — 📬 21:59, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

Term Normalization (English)
In US/UK English, the term "bull-runner/ing" (hyphenated) is appropriate when used in front of a noun it is describing. When used as a noun itself, "bull runner/ing" is more correct (not hyphenated). Updating this (outside of non-verbal quotations) would improve ease of reading.

E.g. "Tourist are frequently tempted to become bull-running adventurists." "Historically, tourists were discouraged from joining the ranks of bull runners."

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title: Talk:Running of the bulls


text:
User:MathMan64/AMRadio

Paris
Did you hear about the guy in Paris who almost got away with stealing several paintings from the Louvre? After planning the crime, getting in and out past security, he was captured only two blocks away when his SUV ran out of gas. When asked how he could mastermind such a crime and then make such an obvious error, he replied: "Monsieur, I had no Monet to buy Degas to make the Van Gogh." And you thought I lacked De Gaulle to send you a story like this.

--MathMan64 23:21, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Advice
Kotlikoff & Burns The Coming Generational Storm 2004

Chapter 8 Securing your Future Pay taxes today. Your tax rate will be larger when you retire. Use a Roth IRA or conventional taxable accounts Limit a 401(k) to the amount that captures your employer match.

1. Invest in low-cost, tax efficient index funds, 2. I savings bonds (for taxable savings) and TIPS (for qualified accounts), 3. A mix of the following: unhedged international bond funds, RPIBX, BEGBX mutual funds that specialize in precious metals, NEM energy mutual funds, XLE, IYE, IGE, IXC, and Vanguard Energy Index Fund international equity funds (esp. China), VGTSX --MathMan64 22:20, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Dear Prudence (TV Movie)

title: User:MathMan64/AMRadio


text:
227 (number)

227 (two hundred [and] twenty-seven) is the natural number between 226 and 228. It is also a prime number.

In mathematics
227 is the 49th prime number, an index whose value is a square number (72). It is a twin prime, and the start of a prime triplet (with 229 and 233).

It is a safe prime, as dividing it by two and rounding down produces the Sophie Germain prime, 113. It is also:

227 and 229 form the first twin prime pair for which neither is a cluster prime.

The 227th harmonic number is the first to exceed 6.

There are 227 different connected graphs with eight edges, and 227 independent sets in a 3 × 4 grid graph.

Convergents to $π$
227 is the difference between 333 and 106, which are respectively the numerator and denominator in the fourth convergent to pi, correct to four decimal places:
 * $$\pi \approx \frac{333}{106} \approx 3.1415{\color{red} 0} \ldots$$

Meanwhile, the sum of the first few denominators in convergents to pi (1, 7, 106, 113) yields 227.

title: 227 (number)


text:
Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon

Cosmo George Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon KT (27 April 1720 – 5 August 1752), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1728, was a Scottish peer.

Life
Gordon was the son of the 2nd Duke of Gordon and was named after his father's close Jacobite friend, Cosimo, Grand Duke of Tuscany. He sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1747 to 1752. In 1748, he was made a Knight of the Thistle.

Family
Gordon married Lady Catherine Gordon (1718 – 10 December 1779), daughter of William, Earl of Aberdeen, on 3 September 1741. They had three sons and three daughters.

 * Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon (1743–1827)
 * Lord William Gordon (1744–1823)
 * Lady Anne Gordon (16 Mar 1748 – 7 Jun 1816)
 * Lord George Gordon (1751–1793), after whom the Gordon Riots were named
 * Lady Susan Gordon (c. 1752 – 1814), married first John, Earl of Westmorland, and second, Colonel John Woodford, having issue from both marriages
 * Lady Catherine Gordon (26 Jan 1751 – 3 Jan 1797)

title: Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon


text:
User talk:Likerosesare

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Jhaedi may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

Please do not continue to recreate content that has been deleted in accordance with Criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Jtkiefer 23:57, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing for 15 minutes. -- Scott eiπ  00:00, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Please stop making drastic edits to wrestler biographies. Changing statistics without citing a source, removing conversions, adding wild rumors, making near slanderous claims and flagging all these changes as "minor" is not good editing. McPhail 13:01, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * templates substituted by a bot as per Template substitution Pegasusbot 06:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Likerosesare! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 05:41, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Michael Copon -

title: User talk:Likerosesare


text:
User:Wikiram

Exception Handling 12 Exception categories Exceptions are classified in different ways. Here, we'll talk about how they're classified from an EJB perspective. The EJB spec classifies exceptions into three broad categories:

JVM exceptions: This type of exception is thrown by the JVM. An OutOfMemoryError is one common example of a JVM exception. There is nothing you can do about JVM exceptions. They indicate a fatal situation. The only graceful exit is to stop the application server, maybe beef up the hardware resources, and restart the system.

Application exceptions: An application exception is a custom exception thrown by the application or a third-party library. These are essentially checked exceptions; they denote that some condition in the business logic has not been met. Under these conditions, the caller of the EJB method can gracefully handle the situation and take an alternative path.

System exceptions: Most often system exceptions are thrown as subclasses of RuntimeException by the JVM. A NullPointerException, or an ArrayOutOfBoundsException, for example, will be thrown due to a bug in the code. Another type of system exception occurs when the system encounters an improperly configured resource such as a misspelled JNDI lookup. In this case, it will throw a checked exception. It makes a lot of sense to catch these checked system exceptions and throw them as unchecked exceptions. The rule of thumb is, if there isn't anything you can do about an exception, it's a system exception and it should be thrown as an unchecked exception.

title: User:Wikiram


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Group

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway Talk 13:05, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

User:Group
This is a collaboration page, not a page belonging to a real user. It does not belong in this namespace. Moreover, it seems to serve no useful purpose.

 * Delete. -- Beland 23:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I really have no idea what OB1 is up to.     22:15, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 04:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Userpage of nonexistent user. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Group


text:
Put Yourself in My Place (Kylie Minogue song)

"Put Yourself in My Place" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, taken from her fifth and eponymous studio album (1994). It was released as the record's second single on 14 November 1994, and was distributed by Deconstruction and Mushroom as a CD single, cassette tape and 12-inch vinyl. The track was written, arranged, and produced by Jimmy Harry, and was recorded in New York City with the parent album's engineer Doug Deangelis. A ballad that discusses themes of ending a relationship and moving on, the song's sound incorporates musical elements of trip hop and pop music.

Upon its release, "Put Yourself in My Place" received positive reviews from music critics, with the majority of them complimenting the song's composition and production, whilst highlighting Minogue's vocal performance. Many reviews have cited it as one of her best single releases in her career. Commercially, the single charted moderately in Australia and the United Kingdom, peaking inside the top 20 in both regions. Additionally, it was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for physical shipments of 35,000 units.

An accompanying music video was directed by Kier McFarlane, with its plot being inspired by 1968 film Barbarella; it featured Minogue impersonating the titular character in a spaceship while getting undressed. It won the Best Video award at the 1995 ARIA Music Awards. The song has been performed on Minogue's concert tours including Intimate and Live, On a Night Like This, KylieFever2002, Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour and Kylie Presents: Golden.

Background and composition
"Put Yourself in My Place" was written, arranged, and produced by American musician and songwriter Jimmy Harry. The track was recorded at Whorga Musica Studios, Axis Studios and Power Station Studios in New York City by Doug Deangelis, who served as the engineer and mixer for Minogue's fifth and eponymous studio album (1994); it was the only entry from the parent album that was recorded away from Minogue's home in the United Kingdom. British author Sean Smith, who had written an biography detailing Minogue's career, noted that "Put Yourself in My Place" was one of the singer's most personal yet favourite tracks. Musically, it is a ballad-inspired recording that incorporates musical elements of trip hop and pop music, as described by writers Adrian Denning and Hunter Felt from PopMatters. Chris True of AllMusic described the song as "slicker, more stylish, and less hooky than anything she had previously recorded." According to the demo sheet music at Sheet Music Direct published by Music Sales Group, the song is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 78 beats per minute. During the opening sequence and first verse, it has a chord progression of F♭–F–F♭–F–F♭–F–F♭–F–F/A–F♭–F, and Minogue's vocals span from B♭3 to E♭5. Julie Aspinall stated that the lyrical content is "about a woman who has never been able to get over her ex-boyfriend".

Release
"Put Yourself in My Place" was released as the album's second single on 14 November 1994 and distributed by Deconstruction and Mushroom as a CD single, cassette tape and 12-inch vinyl. Two CD sets were made available in the United Kingdom and Australia; the first CD featured the radio mix of the single, two remixes, and one remix of Minogue's previous single "Confide in Me" (1994), whilst the second CD replaced the latter track with a remix to her follow-up single "Where Is the Feeling?" (1995). Two different CD formats were distributed in Germany and Japan; the former included two remixes of the song, and a remix of "Confide in Me", whilst the latter included two remixes of the single on a Mini CD. Two vinyl sets were published in the United Kingdom; one featured four remixes of "Put Yourself in My Place", whilst the second vinyl included the same track list as the latter, plus a remix for both "Confide in Me" and "Where Is the Feeling?". A cassette tape issued in that same territory featured the radio mix and one remix on both sides. The cover art for the two CD sets were photographs by British Rankin, and featured Minogue with headphones. According to the singer's friend William Baker, the shots of Minogue represented a "serious" approach to her music.

Critical reception
"Put Yourself in My Place" received positive reviews from music critics. Jason Shawahn, writing for About.com, labelled the track as a "good" addition to her greatest hits compilation Ultimate Kylie (2004). British author and music critic Adrian Denning enjoyed the track, and felt it was one of the parent album's "finest" songs. He commented that "'Put Yourself in My Place' is sensual, slow and sports a delicious Kylie vocal full of maturity and actual power." Larry Flick from Billboard called it "a cracker of a hip-hop ballad masterminded by Jimmy Harry." PopMatters' Quentin Harrison published a detailed analysis of Kylie Minogue, and noted that "Put Yourself in My Place" and her previous single "Confide in Me" showcased some of her best vocals. Harrison believed that the single, alongside "Confide in Me", represented Minogue's Deconstruction period the most. Similarly, Nick Levine from Digital Spy labelled the track a "classic". Marc Andrews from DNA Magazine also believed it was one of the better highlights on the album, and complimented its ballad-inspired production. Jude Rogers from The Guardian listed the track on her "10 of the Best Kylie Minogue Songs" list in June 2016 alongside complimenting the production and confessing, "The second single from Kylie Minogue saw its maker mastering the pop ballad." Writing for the Herald Sun, Cameron Adams ranked it at number 16 on his list of the singer's best songs, in honour of her 50th birthday, and called it "not only a vocal showcase, but just a damn fine tune".

In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton wrote, "Prepare for an even greater shock: this is arguably the best record she has ever made, using her voice to perfect effect on this song." A reviewer from Music & Media commented, "Take the title literally, and you'll find yourself wearing Madonna's shoes. When the reborn Kylie sings a ballad it's convincingly romantic, erotic and sophisticated at the same time." Alan Jones from Music Week gave the song four out of five, calling it "a sweetly sung, dead slow ballad, constructed in Tears for Fears' ballad-style." Simon Williams from NME viewed it as "a fine old smooch, blessed as it is with the sort of airy, twisting chorus once so fashionable in the mid-'80s." James Hamilton from the RM Dance Update described it as a "gorgeous sultry soulful smoocher". Pete Stanton from Smash Hits gave it three out of five. Guillermo Alonso, from the Spanish edition of Vanity Fair, deemed it Minogue's eleventh greatest song as well as the best ballad of her career; he also praised it for sounding "unlike anything she had released". On a similar note, British magazine Classic Pop placed it at number 21 on their list of Minogue's 40 best songs; "dressed in the virtuous apparel of the classic lovestruck ballad, but as the chorus pierces this facade, Kylie’s voice is raw, intense, and saturated in the pain and frustration of a one-sided split".

Commercial reception
Commercially, the single charted moderately in Australia and the United Kingdom, peaking inside the top 20 in both regions. It debuted at number 17 on the Australian Singles Chart, the third highest debut of the week. During its fifth week, it peaked at number 11, and eventually spent 11 weeks in the top 50 chart, marking it one of Minogue's longest-charting singles at the time. "Put Yourself in My Place" was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for physical shipments of 35,000 units in that region. It had a similar chart run on the UK Singles Chart, debuting at number 17 and peaking at number 11. It spent four weeks inside the top 20, and remained a nine editions inside the chart as one of the singer's longest-spanning recordings in that territory. In Scotland, the single debuted at number 23 on the Scottish Singles Chart and peaked at number 14 the following week. In Germany, it debuted at number 98 during the week ending 6 February 1995, and later peaked at number 87 in its second week alongside staying for four non-consecutive weeks in the chart.

Music video
An accompanying music video was directed by Kier McFarlane, and its plot was inspired by 1968 film Barbarella. According to Minogue, she had been a "massive" fan of the film, and wanted to pay tribute to the film's lead actress Jane Fonda, who played the titular character. The video was shot in two days, where Kylie Minogue had been stripped with harnesses and wires; the majority of the shooting included wires pulling off her clothes during those particular sequences. The singer commented in her 2002 book Kylie: La La La that it was one of her "most painful shoots", and complained that she felt "rigged" into all sorts of "contraptions". Minogue further complained about the 19 hours spent on both filming days, and revealed she cried during some of the shooting; she jokingly concluded in the book that she would never do another visual that required harnesses and water. Minogue's characteristics in the video were loosely inspired by the titular character of Barbarella, for which a large staff that helped with styling, hair styling and make-up was required.

The video opens with a spacecraft travelling through space. Kylie Minogue enters a small room in the spacecraft, wearing a pink spacesuit, and subsequently takes off her helmet and gloves; intercut scenes through the video has the spacecraft travelling through different space fields and atmospheres. By the first chorus, Minogue starts taking off parts of her spacesuit whilst spacemen from different rooms witness her. Next, she turns on a machine that projects smoke and distracts them. She then becomes fully nude by the second chorus; this marks Kylie Minogue's first video that she has shown full nudity in until her 2001 advert campaign with Agent Provocateur. Another spaceman witnesses Minogue nude but she covers herself with a red blanket, and closes the window. The video ends with Minogue laying on a soft bedding, turning the lights off, and the spacecraft traveling to another destination.

The music video garnered positive critiques from critics and music publications. Julie Aspinall complimented Minogue's sexual appeal in the clip, and believed that the song itself was overshadowed by its visual presentation. William Baker also commended Minogue's fashion styling and loose portrayal of Fonda's Barbarella character. Sean Smith further analysed the visual more and found that Minogue, both at the time of the video's release and retrospectively, "was never shy about removing her clothes for the sake of her art [...] She suffered for her art." Jude Rogers from The Guardian labelled the clip "cheeky", whilst Erika Brooks Adickman from Idolator listed it as one of Minogue's most iconic and sexy music videos. At the 1995 ARIA Music Awards, Kylie Minogue won the award for Best Video. In retrospect, Minogue has cited the clip amongst her favourites.

Live performances and other usage
"Put Yourself in My Place" has been performed on some of Minogue's concert tours, and has appeared on several compilation albums. It was first performed live on Minogue's 1998 Intimate and Live concert tour in the opening segment. An unreleased acoustic version that was performed during the rehearsals of the tour was added on her extended play Live and Other Sides, which was released in Australia as a free gift with her sixth studio album Impossible Princess (1997). This version was sung as one of the opening tracks of her 2001 On a Night Like This Tour, and was included on the live DVD of the show. On her KylieFever2002 concert tour, the single was included on Minogue's "The Crying Game" medley which also featured the titular track, "Finer Feelings", and "Dangerous Game". The single's next appearance was on her 2005 Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour, where it appeared on her Minx in Space segment and served as one of the encore tracks. The song was not performed for thirteen years, until Minogue sang an acoustic version during her Golden promotional tour in 2018; writing for the Manchester Evening News, Katie Fitzpatrick praised the performance for being "beautifully stripped back [...] with some fabulously confident backing vocals coming from the smitten crowd".

Since its release, it has appeared on five of Minogue's greatest hits albums: Hits+ (2000), Confide in Me (2001), Ultimate Kylie (2004), Confide in Me: The Irresistible Kylie (2007) and Step Back in Time: The Definitive Collection (2019). The Driza-Bon remix was included on her 2010 remix album Essential Mixes. In 2012, British recording artist and producer MNEK covered the song and released it on his official SoundCloud page.

Track listings

 * Australian and UK CD1, Australian cassette single
 * 1) "Put Yourself in My Place" (radio mix) – 4:11
 * 2) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Extended Mix) – 5:48
 * 3) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Club Mix) – 7:03
 * 4) "Confide in Me" (Phillip Damien Mix) – 6:25

 * Australian and UK CD2, Australian remix cassette single
 * 1) "Put Yourself in My Place" (radio mix) – 4:11
 * 2) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Driza-Bone Mix) – 4:50
 * 3) "Put Yourself in My Place" (All-Star Mix) – 4:54
 * 4) "Where Is the Feeling?" (Morales Mix) – 9:55

 * UK 12-inch single
 * A1. "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Extended Mix) – 5:48
 * A2. "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Club Mix) – 7:03
 * B1. "Put Yourself in My Place" (Driza-Bone Mix) – 4:50
 * B2. "Put Yourself in My Place" (All-Star Mix) – 4:54

 * UK cassette single and European CD single
 * 1) "Put Yourself in My Place" (radio mix) – 4:11
 * 2) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Club Mix) – 7:03

 * German CD single
 * 1) "Put Yourself in My Place" (radio mix) – 4:11
 * 2) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Club Mix) – 7:03
 * 3) "Where Is the Feeling?" (Morales Mix) – 9:55

 * Japanese mini-CD single
 * 1) "Put Yourself in My Place" (radio mix) – 4:11
 * 2) "Put Yourself in My Place" (Dan's Quiet Storm Extended Mix) – 5:48

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Kylie Minogue:

Recording
 * Mixed and recorded at Whorga Musica Studios, Axis Studios and Power Station Studios in New York City by Doug Deangelis.

Personnel
 * Kylie Minogue – vocals, backing vocals
 * Jimmy Harry – songwriter, composer, producer
 * Kier McFarlane – music video director


text:
Scratch Messiah

A Scratch Messiah, People's Messiah, Come Sing Messiah, Sing-it-yourself Messiah, Do-it-yourself Messiah (DIY Messiah), or Sing along Messiah (the first two British and Australian usage, the last three common in North America) is an informal performance of Handel's Messiah in which the audience serves as the unrehearsed chorus, often supported by a carefully prepared core group. Orchestra and soloists are usually professionals, though their services are often donated for charity benefits. The "scratch" name derives from the idea of cooking or building from scratch.

History
Scratch Messiah performances have their origins in the British tradition of choral societies, when large choruses of untrained amateur singers could participate in performances of large-scale concert works. Handel's Messiah was originally composed with charitable purposes in mind, having grown out of the 1749 performance of the Foundling Hospital Anthem and Handel's annual Easter performance of Messiah in the chapel of the Foundling Hospital in London. Messiah was composed so that it could be performed after a limited number of rehearsals, and thus lent itself well to the large Handel Festivals held from the 1820s onwards in Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and London. At these gatherings, large, amateur "scratch" choirs were formed from members of the public who travelled to the cities from all over Britain.

Performances
Such performances have become a tradition among music lovers in the English-speaking world, especially around Christmas time, and appear to be developing a following in the Netherlands and China as well. Often a "Sing-along Messiah" is organised in a concert hall or church, where a choir has rehearsed the music, but the public are invited to bring scores and join in. On a smaller scale, a Messiah party may take the form of a group of friends gathered around the piano in someone's home, and this is typically sung entirely a prima vista. Usually these are informal events, though occasionally there is a dress code: formal concert dress or even 18th century period costume.

One example of a large-scale event is the "Do-It-Yourself Messiah" held in Chicago since 1976, organized by the International Music Foundation. It is held in the Harris Theater for Music and Dance. There is a volunteer orchestra and hired soloists, and the audience serves as the chorus. Similarly, CAMMAC in Canada organizes "Come! Sing Messiah" events. Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center is another large-scale annual event, with professional orchestra and soloists. It uses nearly two dozen conductors chosen from various choirs in New York City, who each conduct one selection from the work. A similar event, among the first in the US, has been held in Lexington MA since 1962.

The largest regular performance in the UK, the "Messiah from Scratch", is held annually at the Royal Albert Hall, London. This event, which now attracts more than 3000 singers each year, was first held in 1974. From 1979 until 2009, the performance was conducted by Sir David Willcocks.

title: Scratch Messiah


text:
Basketligaen Norge

Basketligaen Norge, better known as BLNO, is a professional men's basketball league in Norway. It was established in 2000 following the rebranding of the former premier division Hovedserien (1974-2000). The competition is organised by the Norwegian Basketball Federation (NBBF). It is played with a regular season and playoff format.

title: Basketligaen Norge


text:
Where Is the Feeling?

"Where Is the Feeling?" is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue from her fifth studio album, Kylie Minogue (1994). The song was written by Wilf Smarties and Jayn Hanna, while production was handled by Brothers in Rhythm. It was released on 10 July 1995 as the third and final single from the album, by Deconstruction and Mushroom Records, seven months after the release of the second single. A new version was recorded for the single release, featuring spoken vocals by Minogue.

The album version of "Where Is the Feeling?" received positive reviews from music critics; the single version was also praised by them. Commercially, the song attained moderate success, peaking at number 16 in the United Kingdom and number 31 in Australia. The song's accompanying music video was directed by Keir McFarlane, and filmed in a school swimming pool in Los Angeles; it saw Minogue being pursued through the water by an ominous figure. "Where Is the Feeling?" was later included on the setlist of Minogue's KylieFever2002 tour, and added to three of her greatest hits albums.

Background and composition
Originally, "Where Is the Feeling?" was recorded by the group Within a Dream in 1993. While working on Minogue's self-titled fifth studio album, it was asked if anyone had ideas for a cover song. Dave Seaman, a member of British duo Brothers in Rhythm and producer of the song, felt it was a "perfect fit" for the record. Frankie Knuckles and David Morales' works influenced the duo when they produced the track, adding live piano, guitar and percussion to the song, making it a "classic extended version". An acoustic version of "Where Is the Feeling?" was also produced for an acoustic EP at the time, but was never released; it later appeared on the expanded edition of Kylie Minogue, released in 2003.

"Where Is the Feeling?" was initially planned to be released as the second single from Kylie Minogue, but "Put Yourself in My Place" was selected instead. The song was then scheduled for an April 1995 release, but was delayed while Minogue completed filming Bio-Dome (1996) in the United States. It was released in the United Kingdom on 10 July 1995 as the third and final single from the album, by Deconstruction and Mushroom Records, seven months after the release of the second single. It featured a re-recorded version remixed by Brothers in Rhythm.

The album version of "Where Is the Feeling?" was written by Wilf Smarties and Jayn Hanna, and produced by Brothers in Rhythm. It was recorded and mixed by Paul Wright and Niall Flynn at Sarm West Studios in London. Musically, the song is described as a handbag house song with elements of disco and acid jazz. Quentin Harrison of Blogcritics noted its "classic disco feel echoed British acts like The Brand New Heavies, Jamiroquai and Incognito". The remixed version for the single release was described by reviewers as an ambient song with elements of trip hop, featuring spoken vocals by Minogue, as well as the use of an orchestra. According to Herald Express' Gareth George, in the remix Minogue utters "breathlessly whispering sexy come-ons over a pleasant enough ambient groove." It also received new lyrics: "Detached and vulnerable / The world on my shoulders...If only I could laugh in the face of irony / Safe in the knowledge of our eternal love".

Critical response
Both the album and remix versions of "Where Is the Feeling?" received positive reviews from music critics. Whilst reviewing Kylie Minogue, Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian wrote that "the best moments are uncomplicated 'handbag-house' opuses", like "Falling" and "Where Is the Feeling?". Larry Flick of Billboard described the album version as a "swirling, disco-minded jam", and complimented the "sprawling, cinematic epic rife with lush ambient texture and seductive vocal vamping" single release, labeling it as "truly brilliant". In his weekly UK chart commentary in Dotmusic, James Masterton viewed the remix as "another surprisingly sophisticated dance record". Alan Jones from Music Week stated that the single version was "very much a first cousin of Madonna's "Justify My Love", but less commercial." Simon Williams from NME viewed it as "a handbag-a-go-go romp which is so banal, so numblingly nothing that even la Kylie herself sounds stultifyingly bored." Another NME editor, Dele Fadele, wrote, "Brothers in Rhythm provide a modern, pop-dance backing, with lovely strings, whilst Kylie breathlessly whispers to some absent lover, but you might as well listen to The Nine O'Clock News if you want a flicker of emotion, something non-robotic, and something to affirm that you're alive." Record Collector said it pairs "Minogue's feel-good, chart-friendly pop with a wash of disco-fied techno". Birmingham Evening Mail staff deemed the remix as "soulful", and stated that it would "suit Dina Carroll down to the ground."

Herald Express' Gareth George felt the single version was "not that bad" and commented that "if this was the sort of pillow-talk bed-hopping Aussie rocker Michael Hutchence enjoyed its a wonder he ever gave her the boot." Classic Pop staff described the album version as "a clash between happy house and SAW’s squeaky-clean convivial pop", while deeming the remixed version as a "hushed, bleepy jam unlike anything she’d put out". Writing for the Herald Sun, Cameron Adams called the original form "one of the deepest house cuts" on the album, as well as an "absolute belter"; he also described the single version as a "sensual epic that was completely re-recorded from the original". According to Guillermo Alonso, from the Spanish edition of Vanity Fair, the album version sounded "too pop, too conventional, too much of what she had left behind", referring to her past bubblegum pop songs; he found the remix version "almost unregonizable" from its original form, as well as "a very interesting and dark house theme with trip hop influences". Josh Martin from MTV Australia classified the track as a "quiet landmark in personal expression in the pop singer’s music". In a review for the album, Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine noted that the song, alongside "Where Has the Love Gone" and "Falling", "all run about two minutes too long".

Commercial performance
Commercially, "Where Is the Feeling?" charted moderately in Australia, Scotland, and the United Kingdom. In Australia, the single debuted at number 31 on the ARIA Charts and stayed on the chart for a total of three weeks. It remained Minogue's lowest and weakest-spanning solo single until "In My Arms" (2008) replaced the status, when it peaked at number 35 and stayed in the charts for two weeks. The song also debuted at its peak of number 15 on the Scottish Singles Chart. In the United Kingdom, "Where Is the Feeling?" debuted at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart and stayed on the chart for three weeks. Despite reaching the top 20, the single spent only three weeks in the top 75. Across the pan-European Hot 100 Singles chart, it attained a peak of number 41, on the issue dated 29 July 1995.

Promotion
The song's accompanying music video was directed by Keir McFarlane, who previously directed the video for "Put Yourself in My Place" (1994), and filmed in a school swimming pool in Los Angeles. It uses the re-recorded version of the single release, and premiered on ITV's The Chart Show on 6 July 1995; it features Minogue sporting red hair, which was dyed specially for her role in Bio-Dome, being pursued through the murky water by an ominous male figure. The video later appeared on Minogue's video compilation The Kylie Tapes: 94-98 (1998). An extended version, which includes an introduction with a countdown, was made available for the first time on Minogue's video compilation Artist Collection (2004).

To further promote "Where Is the Feeling?", Minogue performed the track on Channel 4's Don't Forget Your Toothbrush show, and it also appeared as an interlude on the setlist of Minogue's KylieFever2002 concert tour. The track was also included on three of Minogue's greatest hits albums: Hits+ (2000), Greatest Hits: 87–99 (2003), and Confide in Me: The Irresistible Kylie (2007). The Felix da Housecat Klubb Feelin Mix remix was included on her 2010 remix album 12" Masters – Essential Mixes.

Track listings

 * Australian, UK, and European CD single
 * 1) "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Dolphin Mix) – 4:14
 * 2) "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Soundtrack) – 13:30
 * 3) "Where Is the Feeling?" (Da Klubb Feelin Mix) – 10:50
 * 4) "Where Is the Feeling?" (Morales Mix) – 6:15
 * 5) "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Bish Bosh Mix) – 4:49

 * UK 12-inch single
 * A. "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Soundtrack) – 13:07
 * B. "Where Is the Feeling?" (Da Klubb Feelin Mix) – 10:48

 * UK cassette single
 * 1) "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Dolphin Mix) – 4:12
 * 2) "Where Is the Feeling?" (BIR Bish Bosh Mix) – 4:46

 * Japanese mini-CD single
 * 1) "Where Is the Feeling?" – 7:01
 * 2) "Confide in Me" (Master Mix) – 5:52

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Kylie Minogue:

Recording
 * Mixed and recorded at Sarm West Studios in London by Paul Wright.

Personnel

 * Kylie Minogue – vocals
 * Wilf Smarties – songwriter
 * Jayn Hanna – songwriter
 * Terry Ronald – vocal arranger

 * Steve Anderson – producer
 * Dave Seaman – producer
 * Paul Wright – recording, audio mixing
 * Niall Flynn – recording assistant, mixing assistant

title: Where Is the Feeling?


text:
Morris & Co.

Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. (1861–1875) was a furnishings and decorative arts manufacturer and retailer founded by the artist and designer William Morris with friends from the Pre-Raphaelites. With its successor Morris & Co. (1875–1940) the firm's medieval-inspired aesthetic and respect for hand-craftsmanship and traditional textile arts had a profound influence on the decoration of churches and houses into the early 20th century.

Although its most influential period was during the flourishing of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the 1880s and 1890s, Morris & Co. remained in operation in a limited fashion from World War I until its closure in 1940. The firm's designs are still sold today under licences given to Sanderson & Sons, part of the Walker Greenbank wallpaper and fabrics business (which owns the "Morris & Co." brand, ) and to Liberty of London.

Early years

Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., "Fine Art Workmen in Painting, Carving, Furniture and the Metals", was jointly created by Morris, Ford Madox Brown, Edward Burne-Jones, Charles Faulkner, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, P. P. Marshall, and Philip Webb in 1861 to create and sell medieval-inspired, handcrafted items for the home. The prospectus set forth that the firm would undertake carving, stained glass, metal-work, paper-hangings, chintzes (printed fabrics), and carpets. The first headquarters of the firm were at 8 Red Lion Square in London.

The work shown by the firm at the 1862 International Exhibition attracted much notice, and within a few years it was flourishing. In the autumn of 1864, a severe illness obliged Morris to choose between giving up his home at Red House in Kent and giving up his work in London. With great reluctance he gave up Red House, and in 1865 established himself under the same roof with his workshops, which by then had relocated to larger premises in Queen Square, Bloomsbury.

The decoration of churches was from the first an important part of the business. A great wave of church-building and remodelling by the Church of England in the 1840s and 1850s increased the demand for ecclesiastical decoration of all kinds, especially stained glass. But this market shrank in the general depression of the later 1860s, and the firm increasingly turned to secular commissions. On its non-ecclesiastical side, the product line was extended to include, besides painted windows and mural decoration, furniture, metal and glass wares, cloth and paper wall-hangings, embroideries, jewellery, woven and knotted carpets, silk damasks, and tapestries.

Morris was producing repeating patterns for wallpaper as early as 1862, and some six years later he designed his first pattern specifically for fabric printing. As in so many other areas that interested him, Morris chose to work with the ancient technique of hand woodblock printing in preference to the roller printing which had almost completely replaced it for commercial uses.

Reorganization and expansion
In August 1874, Morris determined to restructure the partnership, generating a dispute with Marshall, Rossetti, and Madox Brown over the return on their shares. The company was dissolved and reorganized under Morris's sole ownership as Morris & Co. on 31 March 1875.

During these years, Morris took up the practical art of dyeing as a necessary adjunct of his manufacturing business. He spent much of his time at the Staffordshire dye works of Thomas Wardle, mastering the processes of that art and making experiments in the revival of old or discovery of new methods. One result of these experiments was to reinstate indigo dyeing as a practical industry, and generally to renew the use of those vegetable dyes, like madder, which had been driven almost out of use by the anilines.

Dyeing of wools, silks, and cottons was the necessary preliminary to what he had much at heart, the production of woven and printed fabrics of the highest excellence; and the period of incessant work at the dye-vat (1875–76) was followed by a period during which he was absorbed in the production of textiles (1877–78), and more especially in the revival of carpet-weaving as a fine art.

In June 1881, Morris relocated his dyeworks from Queen Square to the Merton Abbey Works, an historic calico-printing works on the River Wandle, after determining the river's water was suitable for dyeing. The complex, on 7 acre, included several buildings and a dyeworks, and the various buildings were soon adapted for stained-glass, textile printing, and fabric- and carpet-weaving.

In 1879, Morris had taught himself tapestry weaving in the medieval style and set up a tapestry workshop with his apprentice John Henry Dearle at Queen Square. Dearle executed Morris and Co.'s first figural tapestry from a design by Walter Crane in 1883. Dearle was soon responsible for the training of all tapestry apprentices in the expanded workshop at Merton Abbey, and partnered with Morris on designing details such as fabric patterns and floral backgrounds for tapestries based on figure drawings or cartoons by Burne-Jones (some of them repurposed from stained glass cartoons). and animal figures by Philip Webb. Suites of tapestries were made as part of whole-house decorating schemes, and tapestries of Burne-Jones angels and scenes from the Arthurian legends were a staple of Morris & Co. into the twentieth century.

Important commissions
The firm's first commissionsstained glass and decorative schemes for St Michael's Church, Brighton, All Saints Church, Selsley, and Jesus Chapel, Cambridgecame from the architect G F Bodley in the early 1860s. Following this, two significant secular commissions helped to establish the firm's reputation in the late 1860s: a royal project at St. James's Palace and the "green dining room" at the South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria and Albert) of 1867. The green dining room (preserved as the Morris Room at the V&A) featured stained glass windows and panel figures by Burne-Jones, panels with branches of fruit and flowers by Morris, and olive branches and a frieze by Philip Webb. The St. James's commission comprised decorative schemes for the Armoury and the Tapestry Room, and included panels of stylized floral patterns painted on ceilings, cornices, dadoes, windows, and doors.

In 1871, Morris & Co. were responsible for the windows at All Saints church in the village of Wilden near to Stourport-on-Severn. They were designed by Burne-Jones for Alfred Baldwin, his wife's brother-in-law.

Standen near East Grinstead, West Sussex, was designed between 1892 and 1894 by Philip Webb for a prosperous London solicitor, James Beale, his wife Margaret, and their family. It is decorated with Morris carpets, fabrics and wallpapers.

In 1895, Morris & Co made the Garden Tulip wallpapers for the private apartments of Nicholas II in the Imperial Winter Palace in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. This fact was discovered by the curators in the State Hermitage museum some years ago.

Stanmore Hall was the last major decorating commission executed by Morris & Co. before Morris's death in 1896. It was also the most extensive commission undertaken by the firm, and included a series of tapestries based on the story of the Holy Grail for the dining room, to which Morris devoted his energies, the rest of the work being executed under the direction of Dearle.

Other Morris & Co. commissions include the ceiling within the dining room of Charleville Forest Castle, Ireland; interiors of Bullers Wood House, now Bullers Wood School in Chislehurst, Kent; and stained glass windows at Adcote.

Last stages

As Morris pursued other interests, notably socialism and the Kelmscott Press, day-to-day work at the firm was delegated. Morris's daughter May became the director of the embroidery department in 1885, when she was in her early twenties. Dearle, who had begun designing repeating patterns for wallpapers and textiles in the late 1880s, was head designer for the firm by 1890, handling interior design commissions and supervising the tapestry, weaving, and fabric-printing departments at Merton Abbey.

Dearle's contributions to textile design were long overshadowed by Morris. Dearle exhibited his designs under the Morris name rather than his own in the Arts and Crafts Exhibitions and the major Morris retrospective of 1899, and even today many Dearle designs are popularly offered as "William Morris" patterns.

On Morris's death in 1896, Dearle became the art director of the firm, which changed its name again, to Morris & Co. Decorators Ltd., in 1905. The company was still making good-quality stained glass into the 1920s: Holy Trinity Church, Elsecar, has several Morris & Co. windows dated 1922. Dearle managed the company's textile works at Merton Abbey until his own death in 1932. The firm was finally dissolved in the early months of World War II.

Printed textiles and wallpapers
Morris & Co. repeating patterns were occasionally offered as both block-printed wallpapers and fabric during Morris's lifetime; many of the patterns still available are offered in both forms by their current manufacturers.

title: Morris & Co.


text:
User talk:Superior Interactive

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 23:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

By the way, thanks a lot for your help at that article, List of Beatles songs written by George Harrison :) Redwolf24 23:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Maureen Cox
Thanks for adding a bit to the Maureen Cox article. Nice to see you again :) Redwolf24 00:57, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject The Beatles
You have a lot of edits on George Harrison and other Beatles related articles so you seem a natural to invite early... please consider joining and helping shape the project... + +Lar: t/c 19:17, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
 * But s/he hasn't been here since August 2005 Lar :-) Well, anyway, hope you come back and join us. --kingboyk 19:58, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Clearly just relying on number of edits is not the way to go! It's a lot of clicks to find recent edits from that page since it's on the .de tools server so popups don't work... Well pardon for the intrusion, and if you should come back we'd love to have you. + +Lar: t/c 20:10, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Username
Welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed that your username, "Superior Interactive", may not meet Wikipedia's username policy because it is the name of a company. If you believe that your username does not violate our policy, please leave a note here explaining why. As an alternative, you may ask for a change of username, or you may simply create a new account for editing. Your contributions are very welcome, but you should also consider declaring any conflict of interest where appropriate. Thanks -- Trevj (talk) 09:48, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Superior Interactive


text:
Binary combinatory logic

Binary combinatory logic (BCL) is a computer programming language that uses binary terms 0 and 1 to create a complete formulation of combinatory logic using only the symbols 0 and 1. Using the S and K combinators, complex boolean algebra functions can be made. BCL has applications in the theory of program-size complexity (Kolmogorov complexity).

S-K Basis
Utilizing K and S combinators of the Combinatory logic, logical functions can be represented in as functions of combinators:

Syntax
Backus–Naur form:

Semantics
The denotational semantics of BCL may be specified as follows: where " " abbreviates "the meaning of ". Here  and   are the KS-basis combinators, and   is the application operation, of combinatory logic. (The prefix  corresponds to a left parenthesis, right parentheses being unnecessary for disambiguation.)

Thus there are four equivalent formulations of BCL, depending on the manner of encoding the triplet (K, S, left parenthesis). These are  (as in the present version), ,  , and.

The operational semantics of BCL, apart from eta-reduction (which is not required for Turing completeness), may be very compactly specified by the following rewriting rules for subterms of a given term, parsing from the left: where,  , and   are arbitrary subterms. (Note, for example, that because parsing is from the left,  is not a subterm of  .) BCL can be used to replicate algorithms like Turing machines and Cellular automata, BCL is Turing complete.

title: Binary combinatory logic


text:
Ponca City Regional Airport

Ponca City Regional Airport is a city-owned airport two miles northwest of Ponca City, in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States.

Scheduled passenger flights on Great Lakes Airlines to Denver and Dodge City ended in August, 2006. The service was subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

History
The January 1938 directory says Ponca City's airport was sod, a half-mile square; in November 1938 a 3600 ft concrete runway opened. The United States Army Air Forces took over the facility in the summer of 1941 and used it as part of the British Flying Training School Program. This training was part of the Lend-Lease act where Royal Air Force flying cadets received a 20-week basic flying course taught by civil contractors. The Darr School of Aeronautics provided flight training.

Ponca City was designated No6 British Flying Training School. PT17a Boeing Stearmans were the primary basic trainer, with the North American AT6A "Harvard" the Advanced Trainer used at the airfield between 1941 and 1944. An intermediate trainer, the Vultee BT13A, was also employed between 1941 and 1943 before being phased out. On average RAF cadet pilots completed 70 hours primary flying hours followed by 130 hours advanced training on the Harvard. Most courses lasted six months, and consisted of 80 RAF cadet pilots and 20 USAAF cadet pilots.

In November 1942 Royal Air Force training ended at Miami and the airfield became a primary (stage 1) pilot training airfield assigned to AAF Flying Training Command, Gulf Coast Training Center (later Central Flying Training Command). The civil instructors were retained under USAAF control by the 323d Flying Training Detachment.

Pilot training at the airfield apparently ended on May 30, 1944, with the reduced demand for new pilots. The airfield was returned to the local government at the end of the war.

Historical airline service
Airline service to Ponca City began in the late 1920s when National Air Transport, d/b/a as United Airlines flew from Chicago to Dallas via Burlington, IA, Kansas City, Wichita, Ponca City, Oklahoma City, and Fort Worth. Braniff Airways, later known as Braniff International Airways, took this route over in 1934. Braniff resumed flights to Ponca City in 1946.

Central Airlines replaced Braniff in 1953–54, using Douglas DC-3s and, in the 1960s, 40-seat Convair 600s. In 1967 Central merged with Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) and Frontier continued to serve Ponca City with the 50-seat Convair 580. Frontier ended their service in 1979 after the passing of the Airline Deregulation Act and Ponca City then only saw service by small commuter airlines.

Air Midwest served Ponca City from 1979 until 1981 with nonstop Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner II's to Wichita and one-stops to Oklahoma City.

Metro Airlines served from 1981 to 1986 with one-stop de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters to Oklahoma City.

Exec Express began service in 1986 with Piper PA-31 Navajos to Tulsa. Exec Express changed names three times over the next ten years, first to Exec Express II in 1988, then Lone Star Airlines in 1991, and finally Aspen Mountain Air in 1996. Service switched from Tulsa to Dallas/Fort Worth by the late 1980s and Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners replaced the Navajos. The airline went out of business in late 1998.

Big Sky Airlines took over serving Ponca City in 1999 with flights to Dallas/Fort Worth and to Denver with one stop at Enid, Oklahoma. Big Sky also used Metroliners but ended service in 2002.

Mesa Airlines followed from 2002 to 2005 with Beechcraft 1900Ds to Dallas/Fort Worth and Denver.

Great Lakes Airlines was the final carrier at Ponca City, in 2005–2006 with one stop Beechcraft 1900Ds to Denver.

Passengers now prefer to drive to larger cities for air travel; Ponca City has not seen airline service since August, 2006.

Facilities
The airport covers 500 acres (202 ha) at an elevation of 1,008 feet (307 m). Its single runway, 17/35, is 7,201 by 150 feet (2,195 x 46 m) concrete.

In the year ending August 26, 2008 the airport had 61,500 aircraft operations, average 168 per day: 93% general aviation and 7% military. 64 aircraft were then based at this airport: 91% single-engine, 5% multi-engine, 3% jet, and 2% ultralight.

There are multiple hangars on the grounds, and the Northern Oklahoma Flight Academy is based there.

Enrique's is a Mexican restaurant in the terminal.

Other sources

 * Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites History's Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004.
 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket OST-1997-2401) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Order 2002-7-2 (July 5, 2002): selecting Air Midwest, Inc., to provide essential air service at seven communities (El Dorado/Camden, AR; Jonesboro, AR; Harrison, AR; Hot Springs, AR; Enid, OK; Ponca City, OK; Brownwood, TX) for a two-year period at subsidy rates totaling $6,693,881 annually.
 * Order 2004-6-12 (June 17, 2004): requests interested persons to show cause why it should not terminate the essential air service subsidy eligibility of Jonesboro, Arkansas, Enid and Ponca City, Oklahoma, and Brownwood, Texas, and allow Air Midwest to suspend its subsidized services at those communities as of October 1, 2004, when the current rate term expires.
 * Order 2005-1-14 (January 25, 2004): selecting Air Midwest, Inc., to provide essential air service at El Dorado/Camden, Jonesboro, Harrison and Hot Springs, Arkansas, at a subsidy rate of $4,155,550 annually for a two-year rate term, selecting Great Lakes Aviation, Ltd., to provide essential air service at Enid and Ponca City, Oklahoma at a subsidy rate of $1,272,557 annually for allowing Air Midwest to discontinue its service there, if it chooses to do so.
 * Order 2006-7-25 (August 1, 2006): terminating the essential air service subsidy eligibility of Enid and Ponca City, Oklahoma, and allowing Great Lakes Aviation, Ltd., to suspend service at the two communities as of September 1, 2006, if it chooses.
 * Order 2006-7-25 (August 1, 2006): terminating the essential air service subsidy eligibility of Enid and Ponca City, Oklahoma, and allowing Great Lakes Aviation, Ltd., to suspend service at the two communities as of September 1, 2006, if it chooses.

title: Ponca City Regional Airport


text:
Morris and Company

Morris and Company may refer to:

 * Morris & Company, a Chicago meatpacking company
 * Morris & Co., a decorative arts firm founded by William Morris

title: Morris and Company


text:
Calle 13 (TV channel)

Calle 13 is a Spanish pay television channel. Owned by Universal Studios Networks Spain, Calle 13 promotes itself as a channel of suspense and action.

Calle 13 (13th Street) was launched in 1999 and its schedule is made of TV series and movies of action, suspense, terror, mystery and science fiction, both Spanish and international, classic and modern. With the birth of sister channel Sci Fi Channel in June 2006, most of the science-fiction series Calle 13 used to show were moved to the new channel.

Programming

 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents
 * Andromeda *
 * Blood Ties
 * Brimstone
 * Chicago P.D.
 * Chuck
 * Columbo
 *  Departure
 * El Comisario
 * Grimm
 * Hercules: The Legendary Journeys *
 * Homicide: Life on the Street
 * Hudson & Rex
 * Jericho
 * Law & Order
 * Law & Order: Criminal Intent
 * Law & Order: Los Angeles
 * Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 * Law & Order: Organized Crime
 * Law & Order: Trial by Jury
 * Law & Order True Crime
 * MacGyver
 *  Magnum P.I.
 * Monk
 * Murder, She Wrote
 * Mutant X
 * Nip/Tuck
 * Numb3rs
 * Person of Interest
 * Policías, en el corazón de la calle
 * Profiler
 * Psi Factor: Chronicles of the Paranormal
 * Psych
 * Quantum Leap
 * Rizzoli & Isles
 * Rookie Blue
 * seaQuest DSV *
 * Serial Experiments Lain
 * Star Trek: Enterprise *
 * Starhunter
 * The 4400
 * The Closer
 * The Dead Zone *
 * The Event
 * The Equalizer
 * Third Watch
 * Xena: Warrior Princess *
 * Witchblade *

* Now on SYFY Universal

Sister channels
Syfy Universal (also known as Syfy, formerly Sci Fi Channel) is a Spanish pay television channel that was launched on 1 June 2006 and specialises in science fiction, fantasy, and horror shows and movies.

Other versions
This channel is also available in:
 * 13ème Rue is the French version, was launched in November 13, 1997
 * 13th Street is the German version
 * 13th Street Universal (Benelux) is the version for the Benelux

title: Calle 13 (TV channel)