text:
Talk:Heckler & Koch XM8

XM8
Hi, has the US military finally made a decision on their new Assault Rifle? Anyone have an external link that talks about what they are up to now? Thanks. Green Squares (talk) 21:47, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Try reading the article. It says so clearly there. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 23:37, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Nope! Green Squares (talk) 23:01, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Yep! --Nukes4Tots (talk) 23:18, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Do either of the last two editors have any kind of proof to support their answers? Spartan198 (talk) 01:08, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

Similarities to H&K G36
The XM8 has the same cocking handle, similar carry handle and optics, and similar ambidextrous controls as the G36. Is that all that is the same or are the respective actions the same? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shortstack2012 (talk • contribs) 21:20, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Both guns are the same inside, they use the same mechanics, only the wrapping is different. 85Pando (talk) 20:06, 27 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Basically just a G36 in a different shell, yes. Spartan198 (talk) 14:30, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

Why isn't this at all mentioned in the main article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.235.206.240 (talk) 04:29, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Because without a valid source to back it up, such a statement would probably be flagged as POV and removed from the article. Spartan198 (talk) 12:54, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Why?
Why did they cancel the program? It seems quite okay to me. Why does it need to be a metal magazine anyway? Okay, well I guess it's just a qualification, but still...--Rollersox (talk) 02:35, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

 * It was canceled mostly because it couldn't handle the harsh desert conditions, like Iraq and Afghanistan. Thegreene2010 (talk) 14:08, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

 * No, that's just speculation on your part unless you have a citation to verify that. As far as I know, there's no concrete reason for why the rifle was canceled. ScienceApe (talk) 23:52, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Because it didn't provide enough of an advantage over the current system to justify the cost of replacing hundreds of thousands of up-to-spec M16s and M4s. That, and replacing your standard service weapon in the middle of two wars is likely to cause all kinds of logistical problems for in-theater combat units. Spartan198 (talk) 14:36, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * That's just your rationalization. Truth is congress denied funding for reasons unknown. --87.152.118.13 (talk) 00:12, 6 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I'll leave you to play the "blame Washington" card. I prefer to base my "rationalization" on the merits of the weapon itself rather than politics. Even with a piston and the Starship Troopers-style look, the XM8 is just another 5.56mm carbine and wouldn't be anymore effective in combat than an M4 or G36K already is. Spartan198 (talk) 12:52, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Well, they could have done it slowly. Start with issuing it out to special forces units, like navy seals, wait till the war was over then replace it completly. Just my opinion on the matter. 71.79.110.221 (talk) 20:59, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Special Operations are subject to logistical complications just like regular forces. And the fact remains that any advantage the XM8 provided over the currently issued and battle-proven M16 and M4 is negligible at best. Not enough to waste hundreds of billions on a new "cool-looking" weapon when those same negligible advantages can be had with much cheaper M16/M4 receiver upgrades. As far as the US military goes, the XM8 is dead. Spartan198 (talk) 13:33, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Multiple issues is why it was canceled such as politics, Funding, rival companies, and BS. Also... every time there is a xm8 thread on a game forums.I hate everyone saying that it "melts" or the "battery power is super low" All those issues have been fixed. Alot of people just dont like the xm8... they spread lies and it catches like wildfire.--68.54.58.58 (talk) 14:53, 17 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I wasn't aware the XM8 was battery-operated... :P Spartan198 (talk) 12:52, 22 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The XM8's built in scope is battery powered..... -.-. Sorry i didn't make my statement clear but i thought a smart person such as you could have notice that.(Steve4529 (talk) 20:53, 1 January 2011 (UTC))

It failed because it was a G36 with a new shell, and the G36 is not a good rifle. The Germans have never liked the G36 for a variety of reasons, mostly because of all the shortcuts HK had to make to save weight; HK openly admitted the rifle wasn't made for "extended firefights". It overheats badly after a few hundred rounds, and once it does, the accuracy goes progressively and dramatically to crap. Once the barrel is 30C above ambient, tests showed a shocking 7% hit rate at 100 m. That's...simply unacceptable, virtually useless in combat conditions. The integrated sight, which was seen as such a great idea, also failed much more often than they anticipated and the BUIS were so bad and inaccurate you basically had yourself a sleek plastic Wiffleball bat until you could send the thing back to the armorer. The German Defense Minister declared just last April that, after two decades of trying to improve it, the G36 was an unfixable pile of crap and they were replacing it with the HK416, a modded Colt M4. Imagine that. All the conspiracy talk about "outside influences" (presumably from the evil American gun lobby) is mostly nonsense from HK fanboys who play too many video games where weapons never malfunction. HK pulled the plug on the XM8 themselves once it became evident that their no-bid contract was about to fall apart and the weapon would have to beat out the (vastly superior) SCAR, ACR and 416 in any further tests. They knew it couldn't. And that is why the XM8 died suddenly. Vintovka Dragunova (talk) 22:54, 5 December 2015 (UTC)

Opinion
"The exact reason why this happened is a matter of debate; some combination of the aforementioned technical issues, funding restrictions, and outside pressure being involved."

Without a valid source to back it up, that statement is no more than speculation. Spartan198 (talk) 14:46, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Never mind, scratch that. I misread the sentence. My bad, sorry. Spartan198 (talk) 15:04, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

I agree with the opinion.... Its multiple issues that caused it to be cancelled..... is their any independent work on the xm8 today?..... I would like to see this weapon get through its developmental stage.(Steve4529 (talk) 14:35, 6 June 2010 (UTC))

Range/effective range
Could someone find out the range/effective range of this weapon and add it in? It's relevant. The US Army is currently complaining that the Afghanistan resistance forces' AK-47 has more range than their M16s. - Richard Cavell (talk) 03:55, 26 May 2010 (UTC)
 * See here: - Richard Cavell (talk) 03:56, 26 May 2010 (UTC)
 * An AK outranging an M16? That's hilarious.

In Videogames
I removed the pop culture trivia section, per the firearm project guidelines. The guidelines say that pop culture trivia sections should be avoided in firearm articles. Only highly notable pop culture information should be noted; for example, Dirty Harry's use of the Smith & Wesson Model 29 was highly notable because it made that revolver extremely popular. A source that establishes the notability of the appearance is needed. For example, this source, which says that Dirty Harry's use of the Model 29 made it extremely popular. ROG5728 (talk) 22:06, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

"Why does the M16 have a higher muzzle velocity?"
This question appeared at the Science Ref Desk: Reference desk/Science. I have reverted the most recent change to muzzle velocity info in the article, but that still doesn't help here. Is there a good source for it? Is there a well-sourced answer to the question, if indeed the M16 rifle does have a higher muzzle velocity, all else being equal? Wiki Dao ☯  (talk)  20:21, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * M16 barrel is 7.5" longer than the XM8 barrel. Longer barrel = higher muzzle velocity. Spartan198 (talk) 12:52, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Actually, Automatic Rifle variant has 508 mm barrel, this is the same length with the M16 barrel. But M16 has 948 m/s muzzle velocity, XM8 has 918 m/s. Its because, they used different 5.56 cartridges in the test firings. Avatar9ntalk 15:18, 20 December 2011

Malaysian use
Nothing here on the railed version used by Malaysia? Information on it's pretty thin on the ground, I'm not even sure what they call it or how they got it. Herr Gruber (talk) 11:32, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

I don't think they ended up adopting it, i do know the Royal Malaysian Police and the Malaysian army had done tests with it too. From memory they had an improved version which used regular picatinny rails along the top where the US version had the integrated sight. 58.174.241.157 (talk) 02:42, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

 * If some version actually went into production the article should focus on it, not on the hypothetical capabilities of a proposed weapon system. It'd be good to get more information on the Malaysian contract. Rezin (talk) 21:36, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

Name?
XM8 was the US military designation... they name all prototypes with an 'X'. We know the US didn't accept it, but other countries have, ie: Malaysia, which means H&K is producing it. But, is H&K calling it the XM8? Is Malaysia? Any other users? What I'm asking is, does this rifle have any other name than XM8? (an official one) I'm primarily asking out of curiosity, but perhaps this article is improperly named. (in which case, that stupid 'wp:commonname' policy will somehow come up, I'm betting...) - the WOLF  child  21:58, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

By a similar token I don't think it should be listed as a prototype if it is being manufactured and a military issues it.--204.9.182.3 (talk) 00:00, 15 December 2018 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Heckler & Koch XM8


text: Category:Water polo competitions

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Water polo competitions


text: Category:Diving competitions

title: Category:Diving competitions


text: Category:Water sports competitions

title: Category:Water sports competitions


text:
Gaafu Alifu Atoll

Gaafu Alifu (also known as Northern Huvadhu Atoll or Huvadhu Atholhu Uthuruburi, ހުވަދުއަތޮޅު އުތުރުބުރި) is an administrative division of the Maldives created on February 8, 1962, when Huvadhu Atoll was divided into two districts. Gaafu Alifu corresponds to the northeastern section of this large natural atoll north of the line extending between the channels of Footukandu and Vaarulu Kandu. The capital of this district is Vilingili.

NOTE: ''Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. (including Gaafu Alif) are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll).''

History
Some of the ancient kings of Maldives traced their ancestry to certain families of Devvadu Island, located in the centre of the large lagoon. There are many Buddhist archaeological remains in Devvadū, mainly low hills left by ruined stupas. None of these ancient remains has been properly investigated yet.

In January 1959, the three southern atolls: Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah and Addu, were involved in setting up the breakaway United Suvadive Republic which survived until September 1963. The name of the secessionist state was taken from the ancient name of Huvadhu Atoll, "Suvadiva".

title: Gaafu Alifu Atoll


text:
John Richard Reid

John Richard Reid (3 June 1928 –14 October 2020) was a New Zealand cricketer who captained New Zealand in 34 Test matches. He was New Zealand's eighth Test captain and the first to achieve victory, both at home, against the West Indies in 1956, and away, against South Africa in 1962.

Early life
Reid was born in Auckland in 1928 to Iris and Norman Reid. His father, Norman, was a Scottish-born rugby league player, while his mother, Iris, was a music teacher. The family moved to Wellington when Reid was young. He studied at the Hutt Valley High School, where he started out as a rugby union player but later switched to cricket, stemming from heart problems and bouts of rheumatic fever.

Playing career
Reid started out as a strong and aggressive bowler who, in his early days, was genuinely quick. He later turned to off-cutters and spin from a short run-up with a trademark side-step. Until a swollen knee slowed down his movements and checked his agility, he was a strong and multi-talented fieldsman at slip and in the covers. On the 1949 tour of England he was the reserve wicketkeeper, keeping wicket in several matches including the final Test. "The figures mislead", said John Mehaffey, whose favourite Reid was. "Nobody who saw him at the crease would dispute his own assessment that he could have increased his batting average by half again if he had played in the 1980s side with Richard Hadlee and Martin Crowe." Reid was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year for 1959.

Reid never featured in an England-beating New Zealand Test side, but his men secured a narrow first-innings lead against Dexter's eleven in the Third Test in Christchurch in 1963. Unable to take advantage, they collapsed at the hands of Fred Trueman and Fred Titmus for 159 in their second innings, of which Reid hit exactly 100 before stumbling from the field in pallid enervation. The second-highest score was 22. This remains the lowest all-out Test match total to include a century.

Post playing-career
Post retirement, in 1969, Reid played in what is thought to be the first cricket match at the South Pole, with the striped barber's-type pole with a silver reflecting glass ball on top representing the actual Pole acting as the wicket. The match ended when Reid hit a six and the ball was unable to be found in the snow of the outfield. It has been noted that every shot he played, no matter where he hit it, travelled north.

He served New Zealand Cricket as a national selector from 1975 to 1978. In 1981, he moved to South Africa to be a coach. He had earlier noted that the sporting boycott of South Africa during its apartheid era was 'ill-conceived'.

He served as an International Cricket Council (ICC) match referee from 1993 through 2002, serving 50 Tests and 98 One Day International matches. As a match referee he was known for his tough actions. He had suspended Pakistan fast bowler, Waqar Younis, and had fined Azhar Mahmood for ball tampering. He had also acted on complaints on fast bowler Shoaib Akhtar's bowling action.

In 2003, he was appointed as the president of New Zealand Cricket. On the death of Trevor Barber on 7 August 2015, Reid became the oldest surviving New Zealand Test cricketer.

Reid was also involved in popularising squash in New Zealand. He set up the John Reid Squash centre in Wellington, which was subsequently sold off to the New Zealand Squash Rackets Association.

Personal life
Reid married Norli Le Fevre in 1951; he had met her earlier at age 18 while she was working as a nurse at the hospital where he was being treated for rheumatic fever. The couple had one son, Richard, and two daughters, Alison and Ann. Richard played nine one-day internationals for New Zealand.

Reid died in Auckland on 14 October 2020, aged 92.

Honours
In the 1962 Queen's Birthday Honours, Reid was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sport, especially cricket. He was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, also for services to cricket, in the 2014 New Year Honours.

Publications
Reid wrote two books, Sword of Willow (1962) and A Million Miles of Cricket (1966). Joseph Romanos wrote the biography John Reid: A Cricketing Life in 2000. John Reid is a 55-minute DVD made by the Vid Pro Quo company in 2003 of interviews with Reid by Grahame Thorne and footage of matches he played in.

title: John Richard Reid


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Izabela Trojanowska

Izabela Ludwika Trojanowska (née Schütz; born 22 April 1955) is a Polish rock singer and actress performing in theatre, TV series and films. She is best known for her 1980 hits "Tyle samo prawd ile kłamstw" and "Wszystko czego dziś chcę", and her role in the popular Polish soap opera Klan.

Background and early life
Izabela was born in Olsztyn, North-East Poland as a daughter of Zofia and Maksymilian Schütz. She grew up with two brothers: two years older Maksymilian and two years younger Roman. Her uncle was Polish-born, UK-based fashion designer Henri Strzelecki.

Career
In May 1971, she performed at a religious music contest Sacrosong in Chorzów where she won an award, presented to her by Karol Wojtyła – future Pope John Paul II. The following month, she took part in the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole with the song "O czym marzą zakochani" where she also received an award. Between 1974 and 1978, she studied at a musical drama school in Gdynia. During that time, she appeared in a number of theatre plays and performed with Greek band Prometheus in East Germany. In 1979, Trojanowska began acting in stage plays at the Syrena Theatre in Warsaw. Later that year, she made her television debut in miniseries Strachy where she played the lead role. The following year, she appeared in another TV miniseries, Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy.

Trojanowska rose to nationwide fame in 1980 with the hit songs "Tyle samo prawd ile kłamstw" and "Wszystko czego dziś chcę", both performed to much success at the 18th National Festival of Polish Song with the popular Polish rock band Budka Suflera. With her distinctive femme fatale image and new wave sound, she immediately became a teenage idol and one of the most popular acts of the early 1980s in Poland. Later in 1980, she played the title role in a television play Carmilla. Her debut full-length album, Iza, was released in February 1981 by Tonpress, with Budka Suflera as the backing band. All songs were composed by the band's keyboardist Romuald Lipko and all lyrics written by Andrzej Mogielnicki. Trojanowska subsequently teamed up with another rock band, Stalowy Bagaż, with whom she performed the songs "Na bohaterów popyt minął" and "Pieśń o cegle" at the National Festival of Polish Song in June 1981. Their performance caused controversies for the singer donning a red tie on stage, which was commonly worn by members of the Polish Socialist Youth Union, and the organisation accused her of profaning their uniform. Later that year, she released an EP with Stalowy Bagaż and appeared in one episode of crime TV series 07 zgłoś się.

In 1982, Trojanowska released her second LP, Układy. The album showcased a rockier sound and spawned further hits "Brylanty" and "Karmazynowa noc". Later that year, she collaborated with Tadeusz Nalepa on the album Pożegnalny cyrk, whose politically charged lyrics strongly criticized martial law in Poland and the country's communist government. The record was shelved by the censorship office of the Polish People's Republic and officially released eleven years later. She also appeared in historical TV series Blisko, coraz bliżej. In September 1982, Izabela and her husband went to the Netherlands where she played several concerts, and subsequently travelled to West Germany. When the Polish Consulate refused to renew their passports, the couple decided to remain abroad and settled in Cologne. In Poland, Trojanowska became the subject of unfavourable press, intentionally fabricated by the hostile government. In 1985, she performed concerts for the Polish community in Chicago and New York, and released two English-language singles on the German market, "One by One" and "Goodbye". In 1987, the singer and her husband relocated to West Berlin.

At the end of 1988, Trojanowska visited Poland for the first time in six years, and the following year she recorded material for her new, English-language album. After showcasing the new material live at the 1990 Sopot International Song Festival, the self-titled CD was released in 1991 by ZPR Records. It was not a commercial success, spawning only a minor radio hit "Independence Day". In 1992, the album was re-released in Canada by Continuum Records, and retitled Independence. In 1994, she took part in a tour with Budka Suflera, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the band's formation. Her next album, Chcę inaczej, was released in autumn 1996 and included a number of moderately popular singles. In 1997, she accepted the role of Monika Ross-Nawrot in the hit soap opera Klan on TVP1 in which she acts to date. In 1999, label Pomaton EMI released a greatest hits compilation, Złota kolekcja – Wszystko czego dziś chcę. Trojanowska recorded a dance music-oriented album with Andrzej Mogielnicki, which was never released due to her dissatisfaction with the material. Only the song "7 nocy bez ciebie" was released as a single in 2001. In 2006, Agencja Artystyczna MTJ released a new compilation, The Best – Komu więcej, komu mniej, which included five re-recordings of Trojanowska's classic hits. In 2008, she played a role in Polish romantic comedy Fenomen, released two years later, and in 2009, took part in a tour for the 35th anniversary of Budka Suflera. She started collaborating with Polish band Mafia with whom she recorded her next album, Życia zawsze mało, released independently in October 2011. It was promoted by singles "Nie od razu" and "Kochaj mnie za wszystko". 2012 saw her debut as a fashion designer when she premiered clothes collection MonaIza created with Polish designer Monika Natora. In 2014, she performed on the 40th anniversary tour with Budka Suflera.

In November 2016, Trojanowska released the album Na skos, composed by Jan Borysewicz, which musically referenced her early 80s new wave style. It spawned two singles: "Posłańcy wszystkich burz" and "Skos", the latter performed at the National Festival of Polish Song in 2017. She performed at the festival again in 2019, with a new song "Wakacyjna miłość". In 2020, she received her "star" in the walk of fame in Opole and released an autobiography titled Trojanowska, on which she worked with journalist Leszek Gnoiński. In early 2021, she became a coach in the second season of Polish edition of The Voice Senior.

Private life
In September 1979, Izabela married mathematician Marek Trojanowski, and their daughter Roxanna was born in June 1991. Trojanowska shares her time between Berlin and Warsaw.

She is an avid angler and has taken part in angling contests in Poland since 2007.

Studio albums

 * 1981: Iza
 * 1982: Układy
 * 1990: Izabela Trojanowska
 * 1993: Pożegnalny cyrk (with Tadeusz Nalepa)
 * 1996: Chcę inaczej
 * 2011: Życia zawsze mało
 * 2016: Na skos

Compilations

 * 1991: The Best of Izabela Trojanowska
 * 1999: Złota kolekcja – Wszystko czego dziś chcę
 * 2006: The Best – Komu więcej, komu mniej
 * 2007: Platynowe przeboje – Sobie na złość
 * 2007: Gwiazdy polskiej muzyki lat 80.
 * 2015: Bursztynowa kolekcja – The Very Best of Izabela Trojanowska
 * 2017: Empik prezentuje: Dobre bo polskie

Films

 * 1980: Carmilla as Carmilla
 * 1982: A száztizenegyes as Olga Komarowska and Vera Komarowska
 * 2010: Fenomen as Hania
 * 2018: Juliusz as star

TV series

 * 1979: Strachy as Teresa Sikorzanka
 * 1980: Kariera Nikodema Dyzmy as Kasia Kunicka
 * 1981: 07 zgłoś się as Joanna Borewicz
 * 1983: Blisko, coraz bliżej as Hildegarda Belsche
 * 1997–present: Klan as Monika Ross-Nawrot
 * 2019: Barwy szczęścia as jury member

title: Izabela Trojanowska


text:
Gersem of Axum

Gersem (c. 600) was a King of the Kingdom of Aksum in Northeast Africa. He is primarily known through the Aksumite currency that was minted during his reign.

Stuart Munro-Hay suggests that either Gersem or Armah were the last Aksumite Kings to issue coins. However, no gold coins belonging to Armah have been found, and the Gersem mint is assumed to be the last coin in gold.

Egyptologist E. A. Wallis Budge theorised that this king's named was influenced by the Biblical name Gershom.

Place in Aksumite king list
The official king list of the Ethiopian monarchy from 1922 lists a similarly named king called "Germa Asfar" who reigned from 631 to 645 (Ethiopian Calendar). This could be the same king as Gersem based on dating, but the list names a different predecessor and successor for him, with Akala Wedem being the previous king and Zergaz being the next king. A manuscript held in the British Museum also states that a king named "Germa Safar" succeeded Akala Wedem and was succeeded by Zergaz. This list claims he was the 13th king to reign after Abreha and Atsbeha. A king list recorded by Egyptologist Henry Salt in 1814 also records a similar line of succession, although the king is called "Grim Sofar" instead of Germa or Gersem and is the 10th king to reign after Abreha and Atsbeha. Neither of these king lists provide reign dates.

Carlo Conti Rossini recorded a different king list in 1903 that stated that king "Germa Sor" was the 15th king after Abreha and Atsbeha and was preceded by Degzan and succeeded by Akala Wedem.

Coinage
Several types of coins have been dated to Gersem's reign, minted in gold, silver and copper. There are two gold types: one has the king's bust wearing a crown on the obverse holding a hand-cross in his right hand with a single stalk of wheat on his left, while the reverse shows a profile of the king wearing a head-cloth between two barley stalks; the second also has the bust of the king on the obverse between two stalks of barley, while the reverse bears a rudimentary bust of the king between two barley stalks apparently holding one of the stalks in his right hand. Only one type of the silver is known, with the profile of the king holding a hand-cross on both sides, with the image on the obverse crowned while the image on the reverse wears a head-cloth. Two types of the copper issue have been identified: one, like the gold issue, with a crowned bust of the king on the obverse, but with crosses on his shoulders, while the reverse bears a cross surrounded by a circle of dots with the inscription "He conquers through Christ"; the second shows the profile of the king on both sides, but has little other identifiable details.

title: Gersem of Axum


text:
American Youth Philharmonic Orchestras

The American Youth Philharmonic Orchestras (AYPO) are a group of youth orchestras in the Washington metropolitan area. The group consists of three full orchestras (the American Youth Philharmonic, Symphonic Orchestra, and Concert Orchestra), and four string orchestras (Sinfonietta, String Ensemble, Prelude Strings, and Debut Orchestra), along with several chamber ensembles and community outreach organizations. Currently, over 650 young musicians take part in AYPO programs.

History
The orchestras were founded as the youth division of the Fairfax Symphony in 1965 with a single ensemble, the Northern Virginia Youth Symphony. The orchestra became independent of the Fairfax Symphony in 1978, and in 1993 changed the name of its main ensemble to the American Youth Philharmonic. The organization has steadily grown since its founding, with the most recent constituent orchestra, the Sinfonietta, being founded in 2021. The organization is among the most prominent in the Washington metropolitan area, performing at a number of prominent venues including Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center. In the past, it has also toured internationally to participate in programs such as the Aberdeen International Youth Festival. AYPO also conducts an outreach program to under-served students in Alexandria City Public Schools, called Music Buddies.

Currently, the organization is led by Miranda Martin Southwood. AYPO's board of directors includes parents of young musicians in AYPO, including business figures such as Ben Baldanza.

title: American Youth Philharmonic Orchestras


text:
George Beverly Shea

George Beverly Shea (February 1, 1909 – April 16, 2013) was a Canadian-born American gospel singer and hymn composer. Shea was often described as "America's beloved gospel singer" and was considered "the first international singing 'star' of the gospel world," as a consequence of his solos at Billy Graham Crusades and his exposure on radio, records and television. Because of the large attendance at Graham's Crusades, it is estimated that Shea sang live before more people than anyone else in history.

Early life and family
George Beverly Shea was born in Winchester, Ontario, Canada, on February 1, 1909, the fourth of eight children of the Rev. Adam Joseph Shea (1872–1946), a Wesleyan Methodist Church—now Wesleyan Church—minister, and his wife, Maude Mary Theodora (Whitney) Shea (1881–1971). His uncle, Isaac Shea (1865–1946) of Winchester had fought in the Second Boer War with the Royal Canadian Dragoons.

Religious background
The Shea family served at the Wesleyan Methodist church in Winchester, Ontario, Canada; Houghton, New York (1917–1921); the Sunnyside Wesleyan Methodist church in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, from 1921; at the Willett Memorial Wesleyan Methodist Church at Midler Avenue, Syracuse, New York; and the Jersey City, New Jersey Wesleyan Methodist church during his youth.

Shea himself said that he became a Christian at the age of five or six, but made a rededication to Christ when he was 18, at the Sunnyside Wesleyan Methodist Church in Ottawa:

"[T]here were times when I needed to rededicate my life to the Lord Jesus. When I was 18, my dad was pastoring a church in Ottawa, and I was feeling not too spiritual. The church was having a 'special effort,' as they called it, for a week. I remember that on Friday night Dad came down from the pulpit and tenderly placed his hand on my shoulder. He whispered, 'I think tonight might be the night, son, when you come back to the Lord.' Whatever Dad did or said, I listened to him and respected him. And, yes, that was the night!"

Musical background
Shea was taught to play the violin by his father, and the piano and organ by his mother. Shea's bass-baritone voice brought early recognition and provided many opportunities for him to sing in his father's church. He began singing at religious meetings in the Ottawa Valley.

Education
Shea attended Annesley College in Ottawa, before transferring in 1928 to Houghton College (Houghton, New York), where he studied singing with Herman Baker. While studying at Houghton College, Shea sang with the Houghton College Glee Club. Financial difficulties made it necessary for him to terminate his studies in 1929.

Life insurance company employment
After leaving college, Shea became a clerk in the medical department in the New York City offices of the Mutual of New York life insurance company, where he worked for the next nine years.

Marriages and children
Shea married his childhood sweetheart, Erma L. Scharfe (1908–1976) on 16 June 1934. Shea and Erma had two children: Ronnie and Elaine.

Shea's children became Christians at an early age. Shea's daughter Elaine became a Christian at the age of 8 during a Billy Graham Crusade at the Cow Palace, San Francisco, California, in 1958. In 1959 Ron responded to an invitation by Billy Graham during one of the Crusade meetings in Sydney, Australia and was counseled by Grady Wilson. Erma Shea died in September 1976, and memorial services were held at Western Springs, Illinois, on 8 September 1976.

On 19 December 1985 Shea married Karlene Aceto (1942 -), a 1972 graduate of Montreat College, in Montreat, North Carolina. In a September 2007 interview Shea recalled how he met and married his second wife, Karlene:

"It has been 20 years of bliss. I was a widower for 10 years in a suburb of Chicago and that's a long time. When we were over in Korea in 1984, Billy brought me into his room and said, 'I've been talking to Ruth, my wife, in Montreat this morning on the phone and we think that 10 years is enough,' and so he mentioned Karlene's name. Mr. Graham didn't do the service. We had the pastor of our church here and he put on his nice robe and we were married in Billy's home."

Shea, who became a naturalized American citizen in 1941, and his wife, Karlene, who was 33 years his junior, lived in Montreat, North Carolina, on the same road as Billy Graham's home.

Death
A centenarian, Shea died on April 16, 2013, at the age of 104 from complications following a stroke. He was buried on the grounds of the Billy Graham Library in Charlotte, North Carolina.

A reed organ owned by Shea now belongs to Art Robinson.

New York (1929–1939)
As a result of the recommendation of American opera baritone John Charles Thomas (born 6 September 1891 – died 13 December 1960), Shea studied singing under Gino Monaco, Thomas's own vocal coach.

While working for Mutual Life in New York City Shea appeared on an amateur hour program hosted by Fred Allen on NBC radio. Despite losing to a yodeler, Shea earned second place, and a spot singing popular music on Allen's program, probably a precursor to Allen's Town Hall Tonight. Although Shea "impressed the critics and scores of fans", he still didn't feel he had discovered a direction for his life.

In 1933 a network radio director heard Shea sing and arranged an audition to sing popular secular songs for Your Hit Parade, a national program with the Lyn Murray Singers broadcast on the NBC network. Shea passed the audition and was offered a job, but reluctantly turned the position down because he didn't feel right about performing secular music.

Shea sang regularly on radio station WHN, and on Erling C. Olsen's Meditations in the Psalms broadcast on radio station WMCA, as well as doing 30-minute programs from 7-7:30 am on WKBO in Jersey City, New Jersey. Shea also appeared on WKBO's "the Old Fashioned Gospel Hour."

Shea sang on the Young Person's Church of the Air radio program, which had been started by Percy Crawford (1902–60) in Philadelphia in 1931 on Radio station WIP.

Shea began his recording career at the U.S. branch of Decca Records after being signed by A & R representative Jack Kapp, who told Shea: "If you do better than the singer we have in mind, we will give you a contract. If not, you'll have to take the records on yourself. Shea recorded "Jesus Whispers Peace," "Lead Me Gently Home, Father," "I'd Rather Have Jesus," and "God Understands," accompanied by Ruth Crawford (wife of Percy Crawford) on the organ. About 7,000 copies were sold, and they are prized by music lovers today, the majority being Protestant Christians like Shea.

Chicago (1939–1952)
In 1939 Shea auditioned unsuccessfully for a spot on a CBS radio program that originated in Chicago, Illinois.

WMBI (1939–1944) Soon after Dr. Will Houghton, president of the Moody Bible Institute (MBI) offered Shea a staff position with "duties that included emceeing, interviewing, news-casting, continuity writing, programming, administration, auditioning, and singing" on radio station WMBI, "the powerhouse of evangelical radio", the first non-commercial Christian radio station in America, which was owned and operated by the Moody Bible Institute originally on its campus in Chicago. Initially Shea sang on Houghton's Let's Go Back to the Bible, from 1939. Later he was also involved in Miracles and Melodies, which started on 67 radio stations across the US in 1940, and was broadcast on 187 different stations in 45 US states, Canada, Latin America and China; and in Hymns From the Chapel each morning at 8:15.

Songs in the Night (1944–1952) On 2 January 1944 Shea began his ministry as a featured soloist on Billy Graham's Songs in the Night weekly radio program, which was broadcast live on Sunday evenings for 45 minutes from 10.15pm from the basement of the Village (Baptist) Church at 4475 Wolf Road, Western Springs, Illinois, pastored by Graham, and transmitted on radio station WCFL originating from Chicago, Illinois. The popularity of Shea helped make the previously financially struggling program self-sustaining within weeks. The Drummonds indicate that Shea "skyrocketed the broadcast into a great success," so that soon Songs in the Night was broadcast twice on Sundays.

After eight years Shea turned over his duties on this program to Glenn Jorian so that he could devote his energies full-time to the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA).

Club Time (1944–1952) In June 1944 Shea resigned from WMBI to sing gospel on a 15-minute weekday radio program, Club Time, the second oldest hymn program on commercial radio. Club Time, initially broadcast on Radio station WCFL, was sponsored by Herbert J. Taylor (18 April 1893 – 1 May 1978), a Christian businessman who headed Club Aluminum of Chicago. According to Cusic: "Shea's job was to host the program and sing several songs, including the favorite hymn of various famous people. It was on 'Club Time' that Beverly Shea became George Beverly Shea at the insistence of the advertising agency; it seems they felt most listeners were confused by a man named 'Beverly.'" Club Time was broadcast nationally from September 1945 for the next seven years over the ABC Radio and Armed Forces Networks and many independent stations. This show brought Shea national recognition, and by 1951 Shea was the most prominent male soloist in gospel music.

Singspiration (1947) By the summer of 1947 Shea was signed to the Singspiration Sacred Recordings label, which had been founded by Dr. Alfred B. Smith (8 November 1916 – 9 August 2001) in 1941, where he sang on a number of 78 rpm albums, including Bass Baritone (Singspiration "Treasure Chest Series" LP S-100) and Lead Me Gently Home, Father (Singspiration LP 156).

Evangelistic meetings (1942–1947)
Summer of 1942 In the summer of 1942 Shea took a leave of absence from WMBI to join Word Of Life (WOL) evangelist Jack Wyrtzen for evangelistic crusades in the New York area. He spent this summer traveling throughout New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut, singing at youth rallies while also singing on WHN on Sunday mornings.

Youth for Christ (1942) When Shea returned to Chicago in September 1942, he talked with Torrey Johnson about conducting youth meetings in that area and soon "Chicagoland Youth For Christ" was held in Orchestra Hall on Michigan Avenue, Chicago, with Shea singing and Billy Graham speaking. From this initial concert, Johnson founded Youth for Christ (YFC). Shea sang in YFC rallies across the U.S. and Canada.

Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (1947 to 2013)
According to Don Cusic, "Shea and Billy Graham are the prime examples of an evangelical Christianity with mainstream appeal after World War II. Previously the evangelicals and fundamentalists were on the fringes of American religion; Shea and Graham put it in the mainstream." According to David Poling, "central to Billy's successful ministry are the years of loyal service of people like George Beverly Shea, the first staff member to be hired by Graham back in the Chicago radio days." Shea has been involved as a soloist with Billy Graham and his ministry since 1947.

Shea first met Billy Graham in 1940 while Graham was pastor of the Village Church in Western Springs, Illinois. In a September 2007 interview Shea recalled how he first met Billy Graham:

"One morning, there was a rap on my office door. I looked out and there was a tall young man with blond hair and we shook hands. He was 21 and I was 31. It was Billy Graham and he had traveled in from Wheaton College on a train just to say 'hello.' He said he listened to my morning hymn show called 'Hymns From The Chapel.' That's how we first got acquainted. I came into this work with Mr. Graham in 1947 after we had exchanged letters and talked on the phone. He said he wanted me to be his gospel singer. I thanked him but told him the only gospel singers I've ever heard about would sing a verse or two and stop and talk a while. 'Would I have to do that?' I asked him. He chuckled and said, 'I hope not.' With that, I said, 'Well, I'd like to come with you.' That was in November of 1947 and I've been with him ever since."

In 1948 Shea, along with Graham, Barrows and Grady Wilson, formulated a set of ethical guidelines, later designated The Modesto Manifesto, that became the cornerstone of the BGEA. Shea, along with Graham, Barrows, Grady Wilson and George Wilson, is one of the five directors of the BGEA.

Billy Graham Crusades
Shea sang at the unofficial launching of Graham's crusades in the old Armory in Charlotte, North Carolina, in November 1947. His first song was "I Will Sing the Wondrous Story." In the early days of his association with Graham, Shea earned a wage for each meeting.

Since the beginning of Graham's crusade ministry Shea and Cliff Barrows have been the nucleus of the crusade musical team. Barrows is choir director, platform emcee and radio-television program director. They were joined in 1950 by pianist Tedd Smith, and through the years organists Don Hustad and John Innes have provided additional accompaniment.

As the musical mainstay in Graham's crusades, Shea is often called "America's beloved Gospel singer." In each crusade Shea "brings a quiet solo immediately preceding ... Graham's message. His solo serves as a transition from the song service into the message." Collins indicates: "Shea's solos set the tone for the preacher's messages. With his full, rich baritone Shea not only charmed audiences, he also touched them with the message of each song he chose." Graham said that Shea always prepared his crowds by singing before the message, and he felt the song was more powerful than the sermon. According to Billy Graham in a 2002 interview in The Ottawa Citizen,

"I've been listening to Bev Shea sing for more than 50 years, and I would still rather hear him sing than anyone else I know."

Shea himself indicated the importance of his solo: "Billy looks forward to the solo before the message as a time for people to quiet down and for him to gather strength."

Shea also made a valuable contribution to the increased effectiveness of Graham's crusades. According to R. Alan Streett:

"For a number of years the entire congregation sang the invitational hymn, until Bev Shea suggested that the choir alone handle the assignment. Shea remembered how he, as an eighteen-year-old lad, was convicted by the Spirit as a choir sang 'Just As I Am.' He felt the effects of a soft choir number could be used by God to touch people's hearts."

One day Shea suggested to Graham:

"Have you ever thought of saying, 'As the choir sings, you come'? With just the choir singing there might be more contemplation upon the Holy Spirit's call. Soon after that, for the first time in his growing ministry, he began to say at the close of every service, 'As the choir sings, you come!'"

The Hour of Decision radio program was produced in the recording studio of Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith in Charlotte, North Carolina. On 5 December 1950 the Hour of Decision radio broadcasts began in Atlanta, Georgia, on 150 radio stations. By its fifth week Hour of Decision had the largest audience of any religious radio program in history. By 1952 Shea sang regularly on this program.
 * Hour of Decision (1950)

Because of Shea's weekly singing on the Hour of Decision radio broadcast since 1950 and his numerous personal appearances, his voice is recognized now in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, South America, and throughout North America.

Recording career (1951 to 2013)
Shea has recorded approximately 500 vocal solos on more than seventy albums (including nine compact discs) of religious music on both the RCA Victor and Word Records labels. Shea has recorded songs with orchestral accompaniment, as arranged and conducted by musical directors, such as Hugo Winterhalter, Ralph Carmichael, Bill Walker, Nathan Scott, Norman Leyden, Jimmy Owens, Kurt Kaiser, Danny Davis, Charles Grean, and Radio City Music Hall organist, Ray Bohr. His albums have been produced by RCA Victor's Steve Sholes, Brad McCuen, Darol Rice, Cliff Barrows, Don Hustad, Bill Fasig, and John Innes. His rich Canadian baritone voice can also be heard on Ricky Skaggs album Mosaic.

RCA Victor and Word
In 1951, Shea was signed to RCA Victor Records by Sam Wallace and Elmer Eades, after being "discovered" by Paul Barkmeyer. His first album for RCA Victor, released on 10-inch and 12-inch long-playing records and on 45 RPM records, was entitled Inspirational Songs, produced by Stephen H. Sholes (12 February 1911 – 22 April 1968) and backed by Hugo Winterhalter and his Orchestra. During Shea's first four years with RCA Victor, his records did not recover the cost of recording and pressing, but by the end of the 1950s, he enjoyed major success. After a 24-year association with the label, he left it in favor of Word Records in 1975.

Notable songs
Shea is best known for his rendition of "How Great Thou Art," the English translation by Rev. Stuart K. Hine of the Swedish song "O Store Gud," written in 1886 by Rev. Carl Boberg (1859–1940). Arguably Shea's most popular hymn is "The Wonder of It All," the title of which was also used by the University of North Carolina Center for Public Television for their 1998 production of his life story.

Composing
In 1932 Shea composed the tune to "I'd Rather Have Jesus," the words of which were written by Rhea F. Miller (1894–1966),       the wife of Dr. Howard Miller, later a general superintendent of the Church of the Nazarene. When RCA Victor signed Shea to a recording contract, "the song that the company chose to initially spotlight their new singer was "I'd Rather Have Jesus." Shea also wrote both the lyrics and music for "The Wonder of It All," which was copyrighted originally by Chancel Music in 1956.
 * "I'd Rather Have Jesus" (1932)
 * "The Wonder of It All" (1955)

Writing
Shea authored a number of books including an autobiography, Then Sings My Soul (1968); Songs That Lift the Heart (1972); How Sweet the Sound (2004); and  Stories Behind 50 Southern Gospel Favorites, Vol. 2 (2005).

Television appearances

 * Hour of Decision (1951–1954): Billy Graham's television program that was broadcast for three years from 1951 in primetime on Sunday evenings on the ABC television network
 * Madison Garden Crusade (Summer 1957): sang "How Great Thou Art" in the ABC live telecasts each Saturday evening for Billy Graham's Crusade in Madison Square Garden, in New York City in the summer of 1957; the telecasts attracted an average audience of over 6.4 million viewers
 * The Wonder of It All (1998): a television program on his life story produced by North Carolina Public Television
 * North Carolina Now (2009): North Carolina Public Television's news program's Mitchell Lewis interviewed Shea; a four-part interview

Films

 * Oiltown, U.S.A. (1953): Shea's first theatrical film, produced by the BGEA's World Wide Pictures
 * The Mighty Fortress (1955): a newsreel film of the Billy Graham's 1954 Crusade for Europe, that was produced and directed by Paul Short, in which Shea performed "Amazing Grace"
 * Pilgrim's Progress (1977): Ken Anderson's film, in which Shea was the narrator, and Oscar-nominated actor Liam Neeson made his film debut
 * Then Sings My Soul (1984): a film musical/documentary produced by World Wide Pictures
 * The New Orleans Story (2008): appeared in this documentary on the effects of Hurricane Katrina; written and directed by Stephen Rue

Awards and honors
During his career, Shea was nominated for ten Grammy Awards, winning on March 15, 1966, the 1965 Best Gospel or Other Religious Recording (Musical) for his album "Southland Favorites" (RCA LSP-3440) recorded with the Anita Kerr Quartet.

In 1978, he was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame by the Gospel Music Association and for his lifelong contribution to gospel music. On 18 February 1982 Shea was awarded the Gold Angel Award for Country Music award by Religion in Media in Hollywood, California.

The Christian Holiness Association (now Christian Holiness Partnership) presented Shea its Christian Service Award in 1993. In 1996 the association of National Religious Broadcasters voted Shea into its "Religious Broadcasting Hall of Fame."

On September 11, 1999, Shea received the Integrity Award from Marketplace Ministries in Dallas, Texas. Shea also received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Gospel Music Association Canada (GMA Canada) in 2004. He was presented the Edwin P. Hubble Medal of Initiative, the highest honor of the city of Marshfield, Missouri, in 2007 by friend Reverend Nicholas W. Inman. Shea sang at the dedication of the Billy Graham Library the following day.

On February 12, 2011, Shea received the 2010 Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award alongside Julie Andrews, Roy Haynes, the Juilliard String Quartet, the Kingston Trio, Dolly Parton and the Ramones at a ceremony held at the Wilshire Ebell Theater in Los Angeles, California.

Honorary degrees
In 1956, Shea received an honorary doctorate, the Doctor of Fine Arts, from his alma mater, Houghton College. In 1972, Shea received another honorary doctorate, the Doctor of Sacred Music (D Sacred MUS), from Trinity College (now Trinity International University) of Deerfield, Illinois.

Biographical book
Shea is the subject of an authorized biography, George Beverly Shea: Tell Me the Story by Paul Davis, published on April 15, 2009.

References in popular culture
Shea and "How Great Thou Art" are mentioned in Patricia Cornwell's 1998 best-selling novel Hornet's Nest. There is an allusion to Shea in Brad Whittington's coming of age novel Living with Fred. Shea is mentioned in the Christian novel The Peacemakers, the final volume in Jack Cavanaugh's "American Family Portrait" series.

title: George Beverly Shea


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Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll

Gaafu Dhaalu (also known as Southern Huvadhu Atoll or Huvadhu Atholhu Dhekunuburi, ހުވަދުއަތޮޅު ދެކުނުބުރި) is an administrative district of the Maldives formed by the southwestern section of Huvadhu Atoll. It was created on February 8, 1962, when Huvadhu Atoll was divided into two districts. Gaafu Dhaalu corresponds to the Southwestern section of this large natural atoll, south of the line extending between the channels of Footukandu and Vaarulu Kandu. The capital of this region is Thinadhoo (Thenadhoo). There are 153 islands in this district, 10 of which are inhabited. This district is located about 340 kilometers south of the capital Malé.

Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. (including Gaafu Dhaalu) are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll).

History
Historically the Huvadhu Atoll chief had a great measure of self-government. He even had the privilege, not granted to any other atoll chief of the Maldives, to fly his own flag in his vessels and at his residence.

In January 1959, the three southern atolls: Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah and Addu, were involved in setting up the breakaway United Suvadive Republic which survived until September 1963. The name of the secessionist state was taken from the ancient name of this atoll. In some islands, like Gaddhū, there was opposition to the secession, and by means of threats and arson, the groups of people opposing the Suvadive state were forced to agree. Havaru Thinadhoo was burnt down by soldiers sent by then Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir from Malé during the secession in 1962, after which it was left uninhabited for four whole years.

The Kaadedhdhoo Domestic Airport, located on the formerly uninhabited island of Kaadedhdhoo was opened in 1993.

In 2006 the Tourism Ministry of Maldives released the island of Vatavarrehaa for tourist resort development. A 150-bed resort is planned, this is the first resort to be built in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll.

Geography and climate
Gaafu Dhaalu has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.

Archaeology
There are important Buddhist archaeological remains on the islands of Fiyoaree, Gan, Vādū and others. These ruins consist mainly of large ruined stupas. The stupa in Gan was partially explored by Thor Heyerdahl's archaeologists in recent test-excavations. However, all other ruins have not been well researched yet.

title: Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll


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Ingrid Jagersma

Ingrid Catriena Petronella Jagersma (born 8 May 1959) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in 9 Test matches and 34 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1984 and 1990. She captained New Zealand in one ODI, which was won. She played domestic cricket for Canterbury, North Shore and North Harbour.

title: Ingrid Jagersma


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Naifeh

Naifeh may refer to:

 * Jimmy Naifeh, speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives
 * Steven Naifeh, author
 * Ted Naifeh, cartoonist
 * Alfred Naifeh, lieutenant in the US Navy, namesake of the USS Naifeh
 * Marion Naifeh, author
 * Ali H. Nayfeh, engineer
 * Munir Nayfeh, physicist

title: Naifeh


text: Category:FINA World Aquatics Championships


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Talk:Deadpan

List of examples
I added a bunch of citations. A few of them weren't as good as I wanted, but most describe the comedian's style as deadpan, rather than label one specific comment or performance. I did not remove anyone from the list, though it was tempting. Instead, I figured I'd raise the issue of just removing the entire list. I don't think it belongs here, and I don't think it's encyclopedic. This whole page should basically be rewritten from scratch, as it consists of almost nothing but original research from random IP editors. I'm kind of tired of doing web searches for "deadpan", but I'll see what I can find. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 14:15, 3 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Given that there are sixty of these, I've moved them into a category. This should help remove the stress from people coming here to edit and needing to find citations for all of them and instead shift references for deadpan comedians into the appropriate comedians's page, where the editors are presumably much better equipped to make such evaluations. Moreover, this will make it so that the people deciding who qualifies as a deadpan comedian aren't just the people who end up on this general page but rather people writing about comedians. I'm going to move citations from this page into their respective comedians' articles and then replace the list with a link to the category. Mehmuffin (talk) 18:12, 28 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I disagree with this change, so I restored the "Other deadpan comedians" content. For starters, The references serve to verify the content, whereas categories cannot cite references. Also, the citations in this article serve to verify content that is in the newly-created category. North America1000 00:46, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I thought it was a good solution to the problem of indiscriminately listing comedians here. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 01:59, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree, the list is too long and its bare-bones entries add nothing to the article that a link to the category wouldn't. Daß   Wölf 02:25, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I added a bunch of new references to the section. This actually qualifies for a standalone list article per WP:NOTDUP relative to the Category:Deadpan comedians. Per this, and since people don't want the list in this main article, I have created a new list article, at List of deadpan comedians. North America1000 02:38, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * That works, too. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 04:40, 29 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that looks good. Also, note that per my original statement here I moved all the references which were into that section into the articles of their respective comedians to maintain verification on that level if not on cat page itself. But this works too, and thank you so much for digging up all those references! Mehmuffin (talk) 16:35, 29 June 2017 (UTC)

Can the list include sitcoms and comics that date further back than 2005? Even Wilma Flintstone would be a good example of deadpan. The all-time Queen of Deadpan would probably be Audrey Meadows. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.173.203.152 (talk) 13:21, 14 December 2019 (UTC) Philomena Cunk may be the leading contemporary exponent. Often her expert interviewees are totally taken in and disorientated by it. [BC, 20/12/19] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.179.11.233 (talk) 22:22, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

Deadpan photography
Please include 'deadpan photography' as a subtopic. See for example Chapter 3 of The Photograph as Contemporary Art by Charlotte Cotton (Thames and Hudson, world of art 2014). Zinda (talk) 08:14, 31 March 2019 (UTC)

Deadpan is not the same thing as dry humor...
...and the two should not be conflated. "Deadpan" is, as the first sentence reads, a delivery with a sort of monotone or deliberate lack of exhibition of emotion. "Dry humor" means subtle humor whose humorous quality often isn't immediately obvious. Someone like Tim Heidecker delivers extremely dry humor while (and occasionally even THROUGH) exhibiting emotion, so I'm not sure what makes people think that dry humor and deadpan delivery are one and the same.

Victoria Beckham
I've deleted the example of Victoria Beckham. If you give her as an example then you would have to have hundreds of much more worthy examples. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.76.230.1 (talk) 07:16, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

List of Deadpan songs
If you wish, I start a list of Deadpan songs to put into the article. The first artists popping up in mind are the Flying Lizards, and above all their version of the song Summertime Blues. DannyCaes (talk) 20:50, 16 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deadpan


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Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill

Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hiram Hill et al., or TVA v. Hill, 437 U.S. 153 (1978), was a United States Supreme Court case and the Court's first interpretation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. After the discovery of the snail darter fish in the Little Tennessee River in August 1973, a lawsuit was filed alleging that the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)'s Tellico Dam construction was in violation of the Endangered Species Act. Plaintiffs argued dam construction would destroy critical habitat and endanger the population of snail darters. It was decided by a 6-3 vote, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Hill, et al. and granted an injunction stating that there would be conflict between Tellico Dam operation and the explicit provisions of Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act.

The majority opinion, delivered by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, affirmed the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals decision in granting an injunction. This decision by the Supreme Court to not allow exemptions confirmed that Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act was a strong substantive provision and helped shape federal environmental law. The case is commonly cited as an example of the strict construction-plain meaning canon of construction, and the equitable principle that courts cannot balance equities to override statutory mandates unless on constitutional grounds.

History of Endangered Species Act
Passed by Congress a large majority in 531-4 vote and signed by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973 with the purpose of protecting and recovering "imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend," the Endangered Species Act provides the strongest federal protection against species loss. The Endangered Species Act requires federal agencies to evaluate if actions taken or permitted by the federal government may harm listed species or the continued existence of listed species or their critical habitat. Once a species is listed as "endangered" or "threatened," the ESA prohibits the "taking" of listed animals and plants which makes it unlawful "to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct." Unknowingly at the time, Congress had passed a controversial statute that created a forum which brought into question the merits of government projects and presented a political question of balancing the benefits of species preservation and the economic cost of preservation.

Tennessee Valley Authority

The Tennessee Valley Authority is a federally owned utility corporation created in 1933 during the Great Depression. At the time of its creation, its mission was to help strengthen economic development of the Tennessee River basin, a region hit with high unemployment where the per capita income was less than half the national average. The publicly owned corporation provides flood control, navigation and land management for the Tennessee River system and assists utilities and state and local governments with economic development. The Tellico Dam project would be the last of 68 dams constructed in the Tennessee River Valley. TVA argued that the project would provide recreational benefits and allow for real estate development along the reservoir.

Hiram Hill, et al.
Hiram (Hank) Hill was a second year law student at the University of Tennessee. Hiram Hill was spending time with Dr. David Etnier, a biologist and professor, who had discovered the snail darter while scuba diving in the Little Tennessee River. Hill brought the snail darter to the attention of Zygmunt J.B. Plater, a law professor, and asked if the completion of the Tellico Dam and the potential effect on the fish under the Endangered Species Act would be a suitable topic for an environmental law paper. The plaintiffs in the case were Hill, Plater, and Donald Cohen.

History of the case
In previous suits filed by Environmental Defense Fund under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), TVA had been ordered by Judge Robert L. Taylor of the Eastern District of Tennessee to cease dam construction for 16 months until an environmental impact statement had been written. Congress continued to fund the project under the annual Public Works Appropriations Act and Judge Taylor dissolved the injunction after a year and dismissed the NEPA suit.

After the discovery of the snail darter, Hiram Hill, Zygmunt Plater, and local attorney Joseph Congleton submitted a petition to the Fish and Wildlife Service to list the snail darter as endangered. In the Federal Register, the FWS ruled that the species was indeed endangered and designated mile 0.5 to 17 of the Little Tennessee River as critical habitat for snail darters. TVA rejected the Fish and Wildlife Service's interpretation of ESA and continued to receive funding for the Tellico Dam.

On February 28, 1976 Hill et al., filed a citizen's suit seeking an injunction and claimed that TVA was in violation of the Endangered Species Act. Judge Taylor presided over the case and on May 25, 1976 he found that the dam would eliminate the fish and its habitat, but he refused to consider balancing the alternate development of the river, and refused to enjoin completion of the Tellico Dam.

On January 31, 1977 the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed Judge Taylor's decision and issued an injunction forbidding the completion of the dam. During this time TVA petitioned the FWS to remove the snail darter from the endangered species list and also petitioned for a writ of certiorari from the United States Supreme Court.

Issues
It was not disputed by either party that the completion of the dam would eradicate the known population of snail darters. The two issues of the case were as follows:
 * Whether completion of the Tellico Dam by the Tennessee Valley Authority would violate the Endangered Species Act. And, if so
 * Whether an injunction is required to halt construction of the dam.

Arguments against an injunction
On April 18, 1978 TVA argued that an exception to the Endangered Species Act should be granted for balancing of equities. They argued that Congress had already spent $100 million on the project, and that it would not make economic sense to stop the project. TVA argued for an exception to be made in this case since the dam was started prior to the Endangered Species Act being passed and claimed it should be grandfathered in. Another argument made was that since the appropriations committees continued to appropriate funding for the project after knowing it would be detrimental to the snail darter's critical habitat, Congress had implicitly repealed the Endangered Species Act.

Arguments for an injunction
Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act offers no exceptions to the jeopardizing of the continued existence of listed endangered species or their habitat. Endangered species should be afforded the highest of priorities no matter the economic costs.

Majority opinion
The majority opinion was made by Chief Justice Burger, joined by justices William J. Brennan, Jr., Potter Stewart, Byron White, Thurgood Marshall, and John Paul Stevens was delivered on June 15, 1978. Burger affirmed that the Endangered Species Act is very clear in its wording:

"One would be hard pressed to find a statutory provision whose terms were any plainer than those in 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Its very words affirmatively command all federal agencies 'to insure that actions authorized, funded, or carried out by them do not jeopardize the continued existence' of an endangered species or 'result in the destruction or modification of habitat of such species . . . .' 16 U.S.C. 1536 (1976 ed.). (Emphasis added.) This language admits of no exception."

Based on the wording of the Act, Congress viewed the value of an endangered species as incalculable. Until Congress decided otherwise, the courts should enforce the law, not allowing violations to continue.

To TVA's claim that Congress had implied repeal of the Endangered Species Act Burger wrote: "When voting on appropriations measures, legislators are entitled to operate under the assumption that the funds will be devoted to purposes which are lawful and not for any purpose forbidden."

Dissenting Powell, joined by Blackmun
Justices Lewis F. Powell, Jr. and Harry Blackmun agreed with the majority opinion with the wording of the Endangered Species Act, but disagreed that there could not be exception.

"...I view it as the duty of this Court to adopt a permissible construction that accords with some modicum of common sense and the public weal."

Powell thought it rationally followed that since the dam construction began before the ESA was passed, the statute did not apply to projects already underway.

Dissenting Rehnquist
Justice William Rehnquist agreed with the District Court in their refusal to issue an injunction. "Here the District Court recognized that Congress, when it enacted the Endangered Species Act, made the preservation of the habitat of the snail darter an important public concern. But it concluded that this interest on one side of the balance was more than outweighed by other equally significant factors. These factors, further elaborated in the dissent of my brother Powell, satisfy me that the District Court's refusal to issue an injunction was not an abuse of its discretion. I therefore dissent from the Court's opinion holding otherwise."

He agreed that TVA was in violation of the Endangered Species Act, but thought there should be a balancing of equities in this case. Just because they could issue an injunction, does not mean they had an absolute duty to do so.

Congress amends the Endangered Species Act
Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 were introduced by Senators Howard Baker and John C. Culver. The subsequent amendments brought "some flexibility into the Endangered Species Act". As part of the amendment Congress created the Endangered Species Committee composed of seven senior officials:

 * Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency,
 * Administrator of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
 * Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers,
 * Secretary of Agriculture,
 * Secretary of the Army,
 * Secretary of the Interior, and
 * a representative of the state in question.

The committee has the authority to exempt federal agencies from provisions in Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. An exemption could be granted if a majority of the committee members found:

 * (a) the federal project is of regional or national significance,
 * (b) there is no "reasonable and prudent alternative," and
 * (c) the project as proposed "clearly outweighs the alternatives."

If approved, the extinction of a species would be allowed and the agency would be required to implement a mitigation plan.

The Tellico Dam project was reviewed by the so-called "God Committee" on January 23, 1979 and was unanimously denied an exemption based on economic factors. Chairman Andrus stated, "I hate to see the snail darter get the credit for stopping a project that was ill-conceived and uneconomic in the first place." The annual cost of the dam, $7.25 million, exceeded estimated benefits, $6.25 million, in addition to the cost of completing dam construction and also would tie up approximately $40 million in private (agricultural) land values.

Rider to the appropriations bill
Determined to have the Tellico Dam completed, Senator Baker and Representative John Duncan, Sr. rejected the economic analysis and attached a rider into the Energy and Water Development Appropriation Act in July 1979 directing TVA to complete the construction of the Tellico Dam. The appropriations bill was signed by President Jimmy Carter allowing the project to be completed and a reservoir began to form later in the year. Although that population of the snail darter did not survive, several small populations were later found upstream in the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The snail darter is still on the Endangered Species List, though it was down-graded to "threatened" after being successfully transplanted into other river systems.

title: Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill


text: User talk:83.198.71.149

title: User talk:83.198.71.149


text:
Najashi

Aṣ-ḥamah also spelt as Aṣ-ḥama (أَصْحَمَة), was the Negus (ٱلنَّجَاشِيّ) ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum who reigned from 614–630 C.E.. It is agreed by Muslim scholars that Najashi gave shelter to Muslim emigrants from Mecca, around 615–616 at Axum.

Reign
The Najashi reigned for almost 17 years from 614–630 CE. Nothing much is known about his personal life and reign rather than during his reign, Muslims migrated to Abyssinia and met the Najashi. According to a story recorded by the Muslim biographer Ibn Ishaq (c. 704–767), Muhammad's cousin, Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, told Najashi about the persecution they had faced at the hands of the Arab tribe of Quraysh. Najashi asked if they had with them anything which had come from God. Ja'far then recited a passage from Surat Maryam in the Quran, regarding Jesus in Islam and Maryam. When the Najashi heard it, he wept and exclaimed: "Verily, this (Quran) and what Isa brought (Gospel) has come from the same source of light."

According to Ibn Ishaq, Najashi then affirmed that he would never give up the Muslims. In fact, he converted to Islam before he went out to the Abyssinians who accused him of abandoning the state religion/their beliefs. He then asked what their beliefs were. Once they explained the Christian doctrine to him, he replied:

"This is exactly what I believe."

The Negus put his hand upon a parchment which was on his breast when he gave that reply. The parchment affirmed Allah's oneness and that Jesus was merely a slave of Allah and a Prophet. The Abyssinians were content and went away.

He died in 630 CE. Some Muslim sources indicate that the Islamic prophet Muhammad prayed an absentee funeral prayer (صَلَاة الْغَائِب) in Al-Baqi Cemetery, Madinah which is performed upon a dead Muslim if they die in a place with no Muslims to pray for the dead.

title: Najashi


text:
Talk:Switch (The Matrix)

Is it alright if I add the theory that Switch was a man inside the Matrix and only discovered she was a woman after leaving the Matrix (hence the name "Switch")? It's just that it's a bit of a strange theory and I don't see any evidence supporting it. Fantom 20:11, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

But why did she wear white?

This article's information is already in the List of minor characters in the Matrix series article and should be removed. Willbyr (talk | contribs) 20:24, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Switch (The Matrix)


text:
User:Solipsist/MainPageTemp-23Jul

Wikipedia in other languages You may read and edit articles in many different languages:

Wikipedia's sister projects

All New articles: 5 10 15 20 25 30 Orphans: 5 Categories: 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

title: User:Solipsist/MainPageTemp-23Jul


text:
Ahmed Sharif

Ahmed Sharif (13 February 1921 – 24 February 1999) was an educationist, philosopher, critic, writer and scholar of medieval Bengali literature. He is recognized as one of the most outspoken atheists and radical thinkers of Bangladesh.

Background
Sharif was born on 13 February 1921 in Patiya, Chittagong District. His father was Abdul Aziz and his uncle was Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad, a prominent historian of Bengali literature. He did his master's and Ph.D. degrees in Bengali literature from the University of Dhaka, in 1944 and 1967 respectively. From 1945 to 1949, he taught at Laksam Nawab Faizunnessa College and later on at Feni College. From July 1949 to 17 December 1950 he worked as programme assistant at the Dhaka station of Radio Pakistan. Finally, on 18 December 1950, he joined as research assistant in the Bengali Department, University of Dhaka and retired as chairman and professor in 1983.

During his time at the University of Dhaka he was elected a member of the Senate, Syndicate, and the president of the Teachers Association and the University Teachers Club. Sharif remained the only person who was elected the dean of the Faculty of Arts for three consecutive terms. After his retirement from the Dhaka University, he was offered to join as first "Kazi Nazrul Islam Professor" at the University of Chittagong, where he served from 1984 to 1986.

He was an active member of the Committee for Civil Liberties and Legal Aid, which was established in March 1974 to protect opposition politicians and members of civil society whose civil liberties were being violated by the Awami League government. He and Lt. Colonel Kazi Nuruzzaman led the Muktijuddha Chetana Bikash Kendra (Centre for the Development of the Spirit of the Liberation War), a group of left-leaning intellectuals who spoke out against the dictatorship of Hussain Muhammad Ershad.

Views
Sharif taught about medieval Bengali literature and regularly gave insights into the history of Bengal, the Bangladesh Liberation War and Rabindranath Tagore.

Awards

 * Bangla Academy Literary Award (1968)
 * Dawood Prize for Literature
 * Ekushey Padak (1991)

Death
Sharif died on 24 February 1999, in Dhaka.

title: Ahmed Sharif


text: Category:Baseball competitions

title: Category:Baseball competitions


text: User talk:84.65.160.43

title: User talk:84.65.160.43


text:
File:Ctosv.jpg

Summary
This is the cover of the Chrono Trigger Original Sound Version, composed by Yasunori Mitsuda, Nobuo Uematsu, and Noriko Matsueda, and produced, distributed and owned by Square Enix.

Fair use rationale for use in the article Discography of the Chrono series

 * Square Enix has not released any such images to the public domain
 * The image is used to demonstrate the distinctive appearance of the album cover
 * The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the album
 * The image is a small, web-resolution image
 * The image is used to illustrate important characteristics of the subject matter mentioned in the article, which conveys to the reader an idea of what they look like
 * The image's only purpose is to aid in the description of the fictional world of Chrono Trigger, and for no other purpose
 * The image is only being used in the article namespace
 * The image does not limit Square Enix's ability to sell the album

title: File:Ctosv.jpg


text:
Tom Moulton

Thomas Jerome Moulton (, ; born November 29, 1940) is an American record producer. He experimented with remix in disco music and this led to its wide adoption as a standard practice in the industry. He also invented the breakdown section, and the twelve-inch single vinyl format in the process.

Life and career
Moulton was born in Schenectady, New York, United States, as the oldest of five children to parents who both were jazz musicians. He worked as a model at the Bookings and Ford agencies before beginning his production career. Before that, he had worked in the music industry, first as kid working part-time in record shops, then holding a sales and promotion job at King Records (from 1959 to 1961), and similar positions at RCA and United Artists. He eventually left due to his disgust at the industry's dishonesty. His music career restarted in the late 1960s, with a self-made tape of overlapping songs created for the Fire Island bar and restaurant The Sandpiper.

He was responsible for the first continuous-mix album side, on Gloria Gaynor's disco album Never Can Say Goodbye, earning him the title of "father of the disco mix." Among some of his other successes in mixing songs are The Three Degrees' "Dirty Ol' Man", MFSB featuring The Three Degrees' "Love Is the Message", B.T. Express' "Do It ('Til You're Satisfied)", Tamiko Jones's "Let It Flow", Sarah Dash's "Sinner Man", Michele's (Chantal Curtis) "Disco Dance", The Trammps' "Disco Inferno", the People's Choice's "Do It Any Way You Wanna", Andrea True's "More, More, More", plus First Choice's "Doctor Love" as well as "Armed and Extremely Dangerous" and Claudja Barry's album, The Girl Most Likely.

Between 1977 and 1979, he produced Grace Jones's first three albums, including one of the singer's biggest hits, her rendition of Édith Piaf's "La Vie en rose".

Moulton's innovative work was honored at the 2004 Dance Music Hall of Fame ceremony in New York City, when he was inducted for his achievements as a remixer. He is the official archivist of the Bethlehem Jazz and Salsoul music catalogues and has overseen all of the digital remastering. In late 2006, Moulton remixed the Brand New Heavies (featuring N'Dea Davenport)'s single "I Don't Know (Why I Love You)".

In 2006, a compilation of mixes titled A Tom Moulton Mix of Moulton's remixes on Soul Jazz Records. The British label Harmless Records has released albums of Moulton's work of remixed tracks, originally issued on Philadelphia International and other Philly soul labels, mainly during the 1970s.

title: Tom Moulton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brandon Rodgers

Brandon Rogers
Not notable 66.216.68.28 20:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
4motion

4motion is a registered trademark of Volkswagen AG, used exclusively on Volkswagen-branded automobiles with four-wheel drive (4WD) systems. Volkswagen has previously used the term "Syncro" for its 4WD models, such as in Volkswagen T3.

Of the Volkswagen Group's other marques, the "quattro" nomenclature is used for 4WD Audi cars. Sister companies Škoda simply uses the nomenclature "4x4" after the model name, whereas Porsche merely uses "4".

None of the above trademarks is specific to any particular 4WD system or technology being employed. Generally, Volkswagen would use Haldex Traction clutch system on their "4motion" transverse engined cars. For longitudinal engined cars, they would use a Torsen limited-slip differential-based 4WD system or lockable centre differential instead.

title: 4motion


text:
User talk:Beasley

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Idont Havaname 20:15, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Dayoffire.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dayoffire.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 20:37, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beasley


text: User talk:68.90.13.19

title: User talk:68.90.13.19


text:
Talk:Kazan Cathedral, Saint Petersburg

[Untitled]
I think the Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan is quite diferent to the icon called Our Lady of Kazan, should be splitted into to differents articles... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 163.247.46.100 (talk • contribs).

Should we split the article
Currently it covers two unrelated catherdrals. How about splitting it into Kazan Cathedral (St. Petersburg) and Kazan Cathedral (Moscow)?—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 15:09, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I oppose as the author of the article. It's easier to collect all the links when they lead to a single article. --Ghirla | talk 15:28, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I can see how that is convenient, but what about the readers?—Ëzhiki (erinaceus amurensis) 15:39, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree about a split -- the buildings are in two seperate cities, many miles apart. They happen to share the same name. --98.232.182.66 (talk) 05:36, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Since the Moscow church now has a separate article, I've moved this page, removed the last few references to Moscow, and made Kazan Cathedral a disambiguation page. jnestorius(talk) 21:03, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Modern Picture.
I'm persisting that an article about currently existing building should contain its current photo in full-color hi-res. If anyone has any specific requests to the photo, you are welcome. Your comments? Dr Bug 16:02, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

What does the first sentence mean?
The first sentence is ambiguous. Does it mean that the Russian Orthodox Church venerates the icon more than other churches do, or that it venerates the icon more than it venerates other icons? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Uvaphdman (talk • contribs) 14:00, August 30, 2007 (UTC)

Why is this image not in the article?
On the Alexandrov Ensemble article, there is a 19th-century photochrome print of the cathedral. Why isn't it on this page?--Adûnâi (talk) 16:18, 26 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Because you didn't add it (so I did).  2606:A000:4C0C:E200:16C:7A91:B68E:A1BB (talk) 03:07, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Should the foiled terrorist attack be mentioned here?
Per: (Plenty of other sources available) 2606:A000:4C0C:E200:16C:7A91:B68E:A1BB (talk) 03:05, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kazan Cathedral, Saint Petersburg


text: Category:Television stations in Toledo, Ohio