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Talk:List of people convicted of treason

untitled
Maybe Karl Rove shouldn't be on here yet, even if i think he is a Traitor, scoundrel, and all around dirty trickster. He's a bad person. But, this being a encyclopedia.. should he be on here yet? has be been formally accused of treason yet?

Right, too soon to label him, to know what really happened. Plus we need to know if he was following anyone's orders.GangofOne 02:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Rove again
This could be a big can of worms; I hate Rove and think his long history of dirty tricks (that would have landed a lesser man in prison) should be blared on TV every opportunity the media gets, although for the sake of keeping Wikipedia neutral, the time for him to be listed as an "accused" traitor on this board is not yet here, though i have no doubt it will be here soon. I believe the meaning of "accused" here would mean by some official accusation of a public figure. Otherwise we could potentially list anyone here, from Bush to Clinton, for various acts of office.

 * Apparently, being smart and disagreeing with you is a dirty trick, huh? You probably meant acts of offence, not acts of office, as anyone who holds any position in any organization commits "acts of office". But I would expect nothing less, given how your comment started.

Rove..
OK, this rove thing is getting old - its between me and apparently one person who hasn't created an account, so i can't discuss this directly with him. My position: Adding KR right now isn't appropriate - he hasn't been accused formally. He's in good standing with the US Government. Do i have any recourse at this point, or do i let someone just sit here and turn Wikipedia into a political forum, no matter how much i agree with them?
 * I want to add Rove to this list very badly, but it wouldn't be NPOV. Rove is too well connected to the current regime... which is really sad.  Look at FEMA and Mike Brown.  The level of cronyism is terrible.  Whatever happened to civil servant examinations?
 * Political appointees don't get them. Take a class about U.S. government and/or history and you'd understand that.

Purpose and Definition
Although I have contributed quite a lot of names to this article, I am left wondering what the purpose of it actually is. Having just rearranged the USA section into alphabetical order, I was left gob-smacked at the number of people there that had actually been convicted of treason; only a tiny proportion actually were/have been. Since many of the people listed are still alive, I consider it to be very shaky legal ground to list people that 'may or may not' have been convicted of or thought to have committed treason. The charge of treason is such a stigmatic one that even those that were convicted of related crimes, but not of treason, would have grounds to complain. Barring that problem, a list of people's opinions of others' actions is not encyclopaedic, whereas a list of people's criminal convictions (or even acquittals) is.

Thus, I suggest that the article be renamed List of persons convicted of treason, that the names of those not convicted of treason be removed, and that the introductory paragraph be rewritten to serve the new purpose: listing those people that can have no defence against the charge that Wikipedia levels. If others consider it necessary, another article, along the lines of List of persons acquitted of treason would be acceptable, but mixing the two together, without any distinction, is unacceptable.Bastin8 15:57, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, this is an eminently sensible suggestion. Let's just list convicted traitors. Lisiate 01:41, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Finally, somebody noticed what I wrote! There's no point the article opening by criticising the differing standards and then ignoring the standards.  As far as I can tell, the following people should be omitted on those grounds:
 * Canada: FLQ
 * England: Queen Mary I
 * France: Alfred Dreyfus (exonerated), SS Charlemagne Division (replaced by notable members that were convicted or a note to the effect that not all of them were found guilty), Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy
 * Hungary: Döme Sztójay, Ferenc Szálasi, Mátyás Rákosi, János Kádár
 * Poland: Wojciech Jaruzelski
 * Scotland: Colin Campbell, John MacDonald
 * Sweden: Gustav Trolle
 * United Kingdom: Norman Baillie-Stewart, Frank Bossard, British Free Corps (as SS Charlemagne), Cambridge Five, Klaus Fuchs, the Jacobites (as SS Charlemagne), George Washington
 * United States: Aldrich Ames, Benedict Arnold, David Barnett, Herbert Boeckenhaupt, Christopher Boyce and Andrew Daulton Lee, Anthony Cramer (overturned by Supreme Court), Christopher Cote (who is a traitor to which half of which species?), Larry Wu-Tai Chin, Officers of the Confederacy (as SS Charlemagne), Iyman Faris, Ronald Grecula, Robert Hanssen, Alger Hiss, Edward Lee Howard, Tyler Kent, Fritz Kuhn, Timothy McVeigh, Ahmed F. Mehalba, Richard Miller, Harold Nicholson, Ronald W. Pelton, Jonathan Polard, William Perl, Ezra Pound, Earl Edwin Pitts, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, St Patrick's Battalion (as SS Charlemagne), John Anthony Walker, John Walker Lindh
 * Others: Ephialtes (declared a traitor, but was he convicted in absentia?), Alcibiades, Brutus (as Ephialtes), Cassius, Ludwig Beck, Judas Iscariot
 * I don’t know all of the Armenian, Chinese, or Soviet entries, nor am I familiar with Bernardo de Monteagudo, so I decided not to try to decide if they should be included.
 * Whilst I acknowledge that this would substantially decrease the length of the article, it creates a stronger framework within which others can be included without any arguments. For example, the four Hungarians removed from the list could be replaced by considerably more without the new inclusions being tarred by the perjorative use of the term 'treason': Nagy, Rajk, Szonyi, Szalai, Palffy, etc.
 * If nobody objects to this idea in the next few days, I'll press ahead with the above changes, and include a new tranche, consisting of those that have been found guilty of treason. Bastin8 18:34, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it's a great idea, but it may pay to give people at least a week to comment before proceeding (and put a new heading at the bottom to explain what's happening). Lisiate 08:35, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A week it is. If there are no exceptions, on Friday, I'll make the changes.  In the meantime, I'm trying to find out about the people with whom I'm not familiar, so that I can do it all in one go. Bastin8 22:29, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, it's a bit late, but I'm doing it now. Bastin8 09:12, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

So what happened here? It looks like a whole lot of people convicted of espionage (but not treason) have made it back into the US section. Am I wrong in believing that Kawakita was the last person (in the US list anyway) to have -actually- been convicted of treason under the constitutional definition referenced at the top of the page? I propose to clean the (mere) spies out of here (again). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.28.241.34 (talk) 18:48, 11 June 2013 (UTC)

France
How can Louis XVI be listed a traitor? One cannot be a traitor to himself. After all, he was King of France, the state was him.

USA
Benedict Arnold was not a traitor, the colonies owed alliegence to the United Kingdom, so a list of Americans should be included in the British section. Examples: Benjamin Franklin, George Washington. Were they not traitors to their King?

Whether they are to be considered traitors is a point of history. The facts are that Benedict Arnold was a commissioned officer, a general no less, of the Continental Army (which is not only seen as the precursor to the current US Army, but one and the same) and that he betrayed that loyalty.

This is a List of people convicted of treason It is not a list of people who are "thought" or "charged" or anything else with treason. as such I removed the following items.

 * Adam Yahiye Gadahn was indicted by a federal grand jury for treason on October 11, 2006
 * John Walker Lindh (not charged with treason) pled guilty to serving in the Taliban army and carrying weapons on July 15, 2002

Robert Hanssen Spy

Benedict Arnold revolutionary War

Jons63 19:18, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Robert Hanssen was not convicted of treason. He was convicted of espionage. Two very separate crimes. He should be removed from this list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Noneko (talk • contribs) 19:50, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

The article on David Owen Dodd also does not seem to indicate treason in particular, but merely spying/espionage. Abb3w (talk) 13:39, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * David Owen Dodd 1864 hanged for treason as a Confederate spy during the American Civil War.

I think Senator John C. Breckenridge of KY (and a former VP) was convicted and expelled by the US Senate for treason, since he became a general in the illegal CSA army. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.153.125.137 (talk) 14:27, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Herbert Hans Haupt is in the list in this article - but the article discussing the trial Ex parte Quirin lists only espionage charges, not treason. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.249.34.167 (talk) 18:51, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree. Researching for Treason laws in the United States, I found sources stating that no person has ever been executed for treason against the federal government. Neither the Herbert Hans Haupt or Ex parte Quirin articles mention a conviction for treason, so I am removing Haupt from the list. Jack N. Stock (talk) 14:50, 8 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Breckinridge was indicted for treason a few days after joining the Confederate Army, and declared a traitor by the US Senate, but he was apparently never formally tried or convicted for treason. He fled to Canada after the civil war ended, and returned to the US under the amnesty given by Andrew Johnson in 1868.  173.228.123.207 (talk) 22:51, 8 June 2019 (UTC)

Rosenbergs
What about the husband and wife couple who gave away nuclear secrets to the Reds? Ethyl and somebody somethin? I just can't recall.137.186.248.248 23:56, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * According to the treason article, they were convicted of espionage, not treason. Not a big difference, but one nonetheless.--Belgarion89 19:26, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Ethel and Julius Rosenbergs gave nuclear secrets to the Reds. Another candidate for this list should be Jane Fonda.
 * At present, this is a list of those convicted of treason. The Rosenbergs were merely convicted of espionage. While she was once arrested on a drug charge (apparently spurious), there does not at this time appear any record of Ms. Fonda having ever been convicted of any crime, much less treason specifically. Abb3w (talk) 17:07, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

The Rosenbergs were tried for not only tried for treason, they were executed. That truth is on their wiki (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg), yet, they are excluded from this page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_convicted_of_treason) and the wiki page titled treason (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treason). Why is that exactly?
 * This is because of an important technicality. Again, they were convicted and executed for "Espionage"; they were not convicted of "Treason", which US law defines incredibly narrowly. I recall reading elsewhere that prosecutors doubted they could make a treason charge stick since the US was not legally at war; they thus decided that capital punishment via espionage would be entirely sufficient. Abb3w (talk) 17:07, 9 August 2016 (UTC)

USA- Christopher Cote, Traitor to His Half of the Species
This sounds like BS, google turned up a composer, an illustrator and an author
 * Indeed, it is BS. Removed. Filthychimp 05:11, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Czech Republic
I suggest remove this section - in the 14 years of it's history, nobody was seriously accused or sentenced for the treason. Everything what could be written, can be written in section Czechoslovakia.

William Joyce
As explained in William Joyce, his citizenship was in fact United States up to 1940 when he took German citizenship. He was born in New York to a naturalised father. He was most certainly not an Irish citizen; Joyce was a strong opponent of Irish nationalism in all its forms. Sam Blacketer 16:18, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Note
Note to self: add persons from List of trials of peers in the House of Lords. James500 (talk) 19:16, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Not sure about Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel.James500 (talk) 19:48, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Note
It may be an idea to have a list in date order as well as an alphabetical list. James500 (talk) 19:30, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Also worth having a list of persons aquitted of treason, and perhaps to make a distinction between people who were tried and those who were attainted without a trial.James500 (talk) 19:44, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Title is Convicted
Just removed two people from the United States list because one was listed as being indicted only while the other hasn't even been indicted. As this article is named "List of people convicted of treason," it doesn't seem that either should be listed.

Kaotac (talk) 04:05, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

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Carles Puigdemont
- Jack N. Stock (talk) 11:41, 26 March 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) Not convicted, only charged.
 * 2) It appears from the Carles Puigdemont article that the charges do not include treason.
 * 3) Addition of a living person to this list requires reliable sources per WP:BLP.


text: User talk:193.194.68.3

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:193.194.68.3


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Gauley River

The Gauley River is a 105 mi river in West Virginia. It merges with the New River to form the Kanawha River, a tributary of the Ohio River. The river features numerous recreational whitewater areas, including those in Gauley River National Recreation Area downstream of the Summersville Dam.

Headwaters and course
The Gauley rises in the Monongahela National Forest on Gauley Mountain in Pocahontas County as three streams, the North, Middle, and South Forks, each of which flows across the southern extremity of Randolph County; they converge in Webster County. The river then flows generally west-southwestwardly through Webster, Nicholas and Fayette counties, past the towns of Camden-on-Gauley and Summersville, to the town of Gauley Bridge, where it joins the New River to form the Kanawha River. Via the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.

Tributaries
The Gauley's largest tributaries all flow into the main river from the east (flowing in a westerly direction) and are described as follows:

 * The Williams River drains a segment of the Monongahela National Forest, joining the Gauley in Webster County.
 * The Cranberry River flows through the Monongahela National Forest and empties into the Gauley in Nicholas County.
 * The Cherry River, which initially flows through the town of Richwood, joins the Gauley near Craigsville.
 * The Meadow River, which initially flows through the town of Rainelle, joins the Gauley at the Fayette-Nicholas County border.

Dams
In Nicholas County, the Gauley is impounded by the Summersville Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam, to form Summersville Lake. The Gauley River National Recreation Area is downstream of the dam.

Whitewater paddling
The Gauley is run year-round by recreational whitewater rafters and from spring to fall by commercial rafting companies. During the majority of the year, boating is dependent on water level, which fluctuates dramatically depending on rainfall and the level of Summersville Lake. However, starting the Friday after Labor Day, the Army Corps of Engineers provides a series of 22 controlled releases for the express purpose of downriver recreation. These releases are collectively known as "Gauley Season" and are scheduled on six successive weekends, the first five of which are four-day weekends (Friday through Monday) and the last of which is just Saturday and Sunday. Typical release levels during "Gauley Season" range from 2,400 to 2,800 ft³/s (68 to 79 m³/s).

These releases are the result of an act of the U.S. Congress, the first law passed in the U.S. to specifically mandate recreational whitewater dam releases. The releases bring millions of dollars annually to the local economy, as paddlers travel from all over the United States and overseas for this event.

History
The Gauley area was the site of the Battle of Carnifex Ferry on September 10, 1861, a Union victory in the American Civil War.

Name
The Gauley River's name most likely is derived from Gaul (literally "river of the Gauls"), a historical region of Europe including most of current day France, from the time when West Virginia was part of New France before the French and Indian War. Historically, the river has had various Indian names, variant spellings of Gaul/Gauley as well as Falling/Falls Creek.

title: Gauley River


text: User talk:193.95.90.52

title: User talk:193.95.90.52


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User:Nukeqler

Insufferable English language pedant, former chemist, wannabe polymath.

title: User:Nukeqler


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User talk:Godlydesires

Charles Taze Russell
You expressed your concern about the neutrality of this article before, so can you lend your support to a vote to put a NPOV disputed tag on this article? Just make a comment on the talk page. Thanks! --K. 02:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Godlydesires


text: User talk:193.194.84.198

title: User talk:193.194.84.198


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/One card short

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete (likely copyvio and lyrics are not an article). - Mgm|(talk) 22:51, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

One card short
Does not appear to be notable. Is this a copyvio? Exabyte (talk) 01:59, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see any sign that permission was granted, and the song itself doesn't seem notable. Ken 02:02, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fah! Delete. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 04:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, copyvio. Almafeta 07:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, copyvio lyrics. - Mgm|(talk) 08:15, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete copyvio. JamesBurns 04:12, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Rechnoy Vokzal (Moscow Metro)

Rechnoy Vokzal (Речной вокзал, River Terminal) is a station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow Metro. It was opened on the New Year's Eve of 1965 and, until 2017, was the northern terminus of the line. It is named after the North River Terminal located nearby.

The design follows the standardized pillar-trispan design featuring white-flecked, brown marble pillars and tiled walls. The architects were N. Demchinsky and Yu. Kolesnikova. It has two identical vestibules, located at the intersection of Festivalnaya Street and the M10 highway.

Being one of the two closest subway stations to the Sheremetyevo International Airport (along with Planernaya, on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line), Rechnoy Vokzal is connected to the airport by frequent bus and passenger van service. The bus and van terminal may move to Khovrino once the transport hub is completed there.

Until 1975, it was the northernmost station on the metro system and, until 2017, was the terminus of the line. Both Khovrino, which opened in December 2017, and Belomorskaya, which opened in 2018, have been completed, pushing the line further north.

title: Rechnoy Vokzal (Moscow Metro)


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Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti (/ˈiːdiːz/ from Greek αηδής: "hateful" and /aɪˈdʒɛpti/ from Latin, meaning "of Egypt"), the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. This mosquito originated in Africa, but is now found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions throughout the world.

Biology
Aedes aegypti is a 4-7 mm long, dark mosquito which can be recognized by white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. Females are larger than males. Microscopically females possess small palps tipped with silver or white scales, and their antennae have sparse short hairs, whereas those of males are feathery. Aedes aegypti can be confused with Aedes albopictus without a magnifying glass: the latter have a white stripe on the top of the mid thorax.

Males live off fruit and only the female bites for blood, which she needs to mature her eggs. To find a host, she is attracted to chemical compounds emitted by mammals, including ammonia, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and octenol. Scientists at The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service studied the specific chemical structure of octenol to better understand why this chemical attracts the mosquito to its host and found the mosquito has a preference for "right-handed" (dextrorotatory) octenol molecules. The preference for biting humans is dependent on expression of the odorant receptor AaegOr4. The white eggs are laid separately into water and not together, unlike most other mosquitoes, and soon turn black. The larvae feed on bacteria, growing over a period of weeks until they reach the pupa stage.

The lifespan of an adult ''Ae. aegypti'' is two to four weeks depending on conditions, but the eggs can be viable for over a year in a dry state, which allows the mosquito to re-emerge after a cold winter or dry spell.

Hosts
Mammalian hosts include domesticated horses, and feral and wild horses and equids more generally. As of 2009 birds were found to be the best food supply for ''Ae. aegypti'' among all taxa.

Distribution
Aedes aegypti originated in Africa and was spread to the New World through slave trade, but is now found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions throughout the world. ''Ae. aegypti'' distribution has increased in the past two to three decades worldwide, and it is considered to be among the most widespread mosquito species.

In 2016, Zika virus-capable mosquito populations have been found adapting for persistence in warm temperate climates. Such a population has been identified to exist in parts of Washington, DC, and genetic evidence suggests they survived at least the last four winters in the region. One of the study researchers noted, "...some mosquito species are finding ways to survive in normally restrictive environments by taking advantage of underground refugia". As the world's climate becomes warmer, the range of Aedes aegypti and a hardier species originating in Asia, the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, which can expand its range to relatively cooler climates, will inexorably spread north and south. Sadie Ryan of the University of Florida was the lead author in a 2019 study that estimated the vulnerability of naïve populations in geographic regions that currently do not harbor vectors i.e., for Zika in the Old World. Ryan's co-author, Georgetown University's Colin Carlson remarked,"Plain and simple, climate change is going to kill a lot of people." As of 2020, the Northern Territory Government Australia and the Darwin City Council have recommended tropical cities initiate rectification programs to rid their cities of potential mosquito breeding stormwater sumps. A 2019 study found that accelerating urbanization and human movement would also contribute to the spread of Aedes mosquitoes.

In continental Europe, Aedes aegypti is not established but it has been found in localities close to Europe such as the Asian part of Turkey. However, a single adult female specimen was found in Marseille (Southern France) in 2018. On the basis of a genetic study and an analysis of the movements of commercial ships, the origin of the specimen could be traced as coming from Cameroon, in Central Africa.

Genomics
In 2007, the genome of Aedes aegypti was published, after it had been sequenced and analyzed by a consortium including scientists at The Institute for Genomic Research (now part of the J. Craig Venter Institute), the European Bioinformatics Institute, the Broad Institute, and the University of Notre Dame. The effort in sequencing its DNA was intended to provide new avenues for research into insecticides and possible genetic modification to prevent the spread of virus. This was the second mosquito species to have its genome sequenced in full (the first was Anopheles gambiae). The published data included the 1.38 billion base pairs containing the insect's estimated 15,419 protein-encoding genes. The sequence indicates the species diverged from Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly) about, and Anopheles gambiae and this species diverged about. Matthews et al., 2018 finds A. aegypti to carry a large and diverse number of transposable elements. Their analysis suggests this is common to all mosquitoes.

Vector of disease
Aedes aegypti is a vector for transmitting numerous pathogens. According to the Walter Reed Biosystematics Units as of 2022, it is associated with the following 54 viruses and 2 species of Plasmodium:

Aino virus (AINOV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), Bozo virus (BOZOV), Bussuquara virus (BSQV), Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), Catu virus (CATUV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV), Cypovirus (unnamed), Cache Valley virus (CVV), Dengue virus (DENV), Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV), Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), Guaroa virus (GROV), Hart Park virus (HPV), Ilheus virus (ILHV), Irituia virus (IRIV), Israel Turkey Meningoencephalitis virus (ITV), Japanaut virus (JAPV), Joinjakaka (JOIV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JBEV), Ketapang virus (KETV), Kunjin virus (KUNV), La Crosse virus (LACV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Marburg virus (MBGV), Marco virus (MCOV), Melao virus (MELV), Marituba virus (MTBV), Mount Elgon bat virus (MEBV), Mucambo virus (MUCV), Murray Valley Encephalitis virus (MVEV), Navarro virus (NAVV), Nepuyo virus (NEPV), Nola virus (NOLV), Ntaya virus (NTAV), Oriboca virus (ORIV), Orungo virus (ORUV), Restan virus (RESV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SINV), Tahyna virus(TAHV), Tsuruse virus (TSUV), Tyuleniy virus (TYUV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype), Warrego virus (WARV), West Nile virus (WNV), Wesselsbron virus (WSLV), Yaounde virus (YAOV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), Zegla virus (ZEGV), Zika virus, as well as Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium lophurae.

This mosquito also mechanically transmits some veterinary diseases. In 1952 Fenner et al., found it transmitting the myxoma virus between rabbits and in 2001 Chihota et al., the lumpy skin disease virus between cattle.

The yellow fever mosquito can contribute to the spread of reticular cell sarcoma among Syrian hamsters.

Bite prevention methods
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traveler's page on preventing dengue fever suggests using mosquito repellents that contain DEET (N, N-diethylmetatoluamide, 20% to 30%). It also suggests:

 * 1) Although Aedes aegypti mosquitoes most commonly feed at dusk and dawn, indoors, in shady areas, or when the weather is cloudy, "they can bite and spread infection all year long and at any time of day."
 * 2) Once a week, scrub off eggs sticking to wet containers, seal or discard them. The mosquitoes prefer to breed in areas of stagnant water, such as flower vases, uncovered barrels, buckets, and discarded tires, but the most dangerous areas are wet shower floors and toilet tanks, as they allow the mosquitos to breed in the residence. Research has shown that certain chemicals emanating from bacteria in water containers stimulate the female mosquitoes to lay their eggs. They are particularly motivated to lay eggs in water containers that have the correct amounts of specific fatty acids associated with bacteria involved in the degradation of leaves and other organic matter in water. The chemicals associated with the microbial stew are far more stimulating to discerning female mosquitoes than plain or filtered water in which the bacteria once lived.
 * 3) Wear long-sleeved clothing and long pants when outdoors during the day and evening.
 * 4) Use mosquito netting over the bed if the bedroom is not air conditioned or screened, and for additional protection, treat the mosquito netting with the insecticide permethrin.

Insect repellents containing DEET (particularly concentrated products) or p-menthane-3,8-diol (from lemon eucalyptus) were effective in repelling ''Ae. aegypti'' mosquitoes, while others were less effective or ineffective in a scientific study. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention article on "Protection against Mosquitoes, Ticks, & Other Arthropods" notes that "Studies suggest that concentrations of DEET above approximately 50% do not offer a marked increase in protection time against mosquitoes; DEET efficacy tends to plateau at a concentration of approximately 50%". Other insect repellents recommended by the CDC include Picaridin (KBR 3023/icaridin), IR3535, and 2-undecanone.

Insecticides
Pyrethroids are commonly used. This widespread use of pyrethroids and DDT has caused Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. Almost no research has been done on the fitness implications. studies by Kumar et al., 2009 on deltamethrin in India, Plernsub et al., 2013 on permethrin in Thailand, by Jaramillo-O et al., 2014 on λ-cyhalothrin in Colombia, by Alvarez-Gonzalez et al., 2017 on deltamethrin in Venezuela,  are all substantially confounded. As of 2019, understanding of selective pressure under withdrawal of insecticide is hence limited.

Genetic modification
''Ae. aegypti'' has been genetically modified to suppress its own species in an approach similar to the sterile insect technique, thereby reducing the risk of disease. The mosquitoes, known as, were developed by Oxitec, a spinout of Oxford University. Field trials in the Cayman Islands, in Juazeiro, Brazil, by Carvalho et al., 2015,  and in Panama by Neira et al., 2014 have shown that the OX513A mosquitoes reduced the target mosquito populations by more than 90%. This mosquito suppression effect is achieved by a self-limiting gene that prevents the offspring from surviving. Male modified mosquitoes, which do not bite or spread disease, are released to mate with the pest females. Their offspring inherit the self-limiting gene and die before reaching adulthood—before they can reproduce or spread disease. The OX513A mosquitoes and their offspring also carry a fluorescent marker for simple monitoring. To produce more OX513A mosquitoes for control projects, the self-limiting gene is switched off (using the Tet-Off system) in the mosquito production facility using an antidote (the antibiotic tetracycline), allowing the mosquitoes to reproduce naturally. In the environment, the antidote is unavailable to rescue mosquito reproduction, so the pest population is suppressed.

The mosquito control effect is nontoxic and species-specific, as the OX513A mosquitoes are ''Ae. aegypti and only breed with Ae. aegypti''. The result of the self-limiting approach is that the released insects and their offspring die and do not persist in the environment.

In Brazil, the modified mosquitoes were approved by the National Biosecurity Technical Commission for releases throughout the country. Insects were released into the wild populations of Brazil, Malaysia, and the Cayman Islands in 2012. In July 2015, the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, started releasing the OX513A mosquitoes. In 2015, the UK House of Lords called on the government to support more work on genetically modified insects in the interest of global health. In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted preliminary approval for the use of modified mosquitoes to prevent the spread of the Zika virus.

Another proposed method consists in using radiation to sterilize male larvae so that when they mate, they produce no progeny. Male mosquitoes do not bite or spread disease.

Using CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing to engineer the genome of Aedes aegypti genes like ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein), Nix (male-determining factor gene), Aaeg-wtrw (Ae. aegypti water witch locus), Kmo (kynurenine 3-monoxygenase), loqs (loquacious), r2d2 (r2d2 protein), ku70 (ku heterodimer protein gene) and lig4 (ligase4) were targeted to modify the genome of Aedes aegypti. The new mutant will become incapable of pathogen transmission or result in population control.

Infection with Wolbachia
In 2016 research into the use of a bacterium called Wolbachia as a method of biocontrol was published showing that invasion of ''Ae. aegypti'' by the endosymbiotic bacteria allows mosquitos to be resistant to certain arboviruses such as dengue fever and Zika virus strains currently circulating. In 2017 Alphabet, Inc. started the Debug Project to infect males of this species with Wolbachia bacteria, interrupting the reproductive cycle of these animals.

Fungus infection
Fungal species Erynia conica (from the family Entomophthoraceae) infects (and kills) two types of mosquitos: Aedes aegypti and Culex restuans. Studies on the fungus have been carried out on its potiential use as a biological control of the mosquitos.

Taxonomy
The species was first named (as Culex aegypti) in 1757 by Fredric Hasselquist in his treatise Iter Palaestinum. Hasselquist was provided with the names and descriptions by his mentor, Carl Linnaeus. This work was later translated into German and published in 1762 as Reise nach Palästina.

To stabilise the nomenclature, a petition to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was made by P. F. Mattingly, Alan Stone, and Kenneth L. Knight in 1962. It also transpired that, although the name Aedes aegypti was universally used for the yellow fever mosquito, Linnaeus had actually described a species now known as Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius. In 1964, the commission ruled in favour of the proposal, validating Linnaeus' name, and transferring it to the species for which it was in general use.

The yellow fever mosquito belongs to the tribe Aedini of the dipteran family Culicidae and to the genus Aedes and subgenus Stegomyia. According to one recent analysis, the subgenus Stegomyia of the genus Aedes should be raised to the level of genus. The proposed name change has been ignored by most scientists; at least one scientific journal, the Journal of Medical Entomology, has officially encouraged authors dealing with aedile mosquitoes to continue to use the traditional names, unless they have particular reasons for not doing so. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής,, meaning "unpleasant" or "odious".

Subspecies
Two subspecies are commonly recognized: This classification is complicated by the results of Gloria-Soria et al., 2016. Although confirming the existence of these two major subspecies, Gloria-Sora et al. finds greater worldwide diversity than previously recognized and a large number of distinct populations separated by various geographic factors.

title: Aedes aegypti


text: User talk:200.45.71.40

title: User talk:200.45.71.40


text:
Kyoto Animation

Kyoto Animation Co., Ltd. (株式会社京都アニメーション), often abbreviated KyoAni (京アニ), is a Japanese animation studio and light novel publisher located in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture. It was founded in 1985 by husband and wife Hideaki and Yoko Hatta, who remain its president and vice-president respectively.

Kyoto Animation has produced anime films and series including The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (2006), Clannad (2007), K-On! (2009), Nichijou (2011), Free! (2013), Sound! Euphonium (2015), A Silent Voice (2016), and Violet Evergarden (2018).

History

Kyoto Animation was co-founded in 1985 by married couple Yoko and Hideaki Hatta; it became a limited company in 1985 and a corporation in 1999. Yoko Hatta, who serves as the company's vice president, had worked as a painter at Mushi Production until she moved to Kyoto after marrying her husband, who serves as president. The company's logo originates from the kanji kyō (京), the first character of Kyoto (京都).

Since 2009, Kyoto Animation has hosted the annual Kyoto Animation Awards in three categories: original novels, manga, and scenarios. Some winning submissions are published under the company's KA Esuma Bunko imprint, and have a chance of being later adapted as anime. Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions, Free!, Beyond the Boundary and Myriad Colors Phantom World were based on novels that received an honorable mention in this competition. In 2014, the novel Violet Evergarden became the first and only work so far to win a grand prize in any of the three categories.

Kyoto Animation has become recognized for its high production values and "sensitivity to the wonders and quandaries of ordinary life". Unlike most animation studios, the company's employees are salaried rather than freelance workers, and are trained in-house. These practices have been cited as encouraging employees to focus on frame quality rather than production quotas. The company has received praise for the positive treatment of its staff, and was honored by Women in Animation with its Diversity Award in 2020 for its efforts in creating a gender-balanced workforce and encouraging women to enter the industry.

In April 2020, the company announced that it would put its work on hiatus for one month due to the COVID-19 pandemic, later extending the period to the end of May.

Animation Do
An affiliate company, Animation Do Co., Ltd. (株式会社アニメーションドゥウ), was established in 2000 to assist production at Kyoto Animation. Originally established as the studio's Osaka office, it was incorporated as a limited company in 2000, then a corporation in 2010. Both companies are run by Hideaki Hatta and are run jointly as one. They produce up-and-coming works under the Animation Do label with Kyoto Animation as their main contractor and works where they work as one company alongside Kyoto Animation. They work on most Kyoto Animation projects and many of them have joint signatures. On September 16, 2020, it was announced by the National Printing Bureau's Kanpō publication that Kyoto Animation absorbed Animation Do, which includes all rights and associated properties.

2019 arson attack
On the morning of July 18, 2019, at around 10:31 a.m, an arson fire at Kyoto Animation's first studio in Fushimi killed 36 people (including directors Yasuhiro Takemoto and Yoshiji Kigami),  injured 34 others (including the suspect) in varying degrees, and destroyed most of the building's materials and computers. The suspect, 41-year-old Shinji Aoba, later admitted to committing the attack. He was sentenced to death in January 2024.

Productions
In the tables below, only the productions for which Kyoto Animation was a lead producer are listed.

Published light novels
• Yūyake Tōdai no Himitsu (2011)

• Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions (2011–2017)

• Oyashiki to Coppelia (2011)

• Beyond the Boundary (2012–2013)

• Tamako Market (2013–2014)

• Myriad Colors Phantom World (2013–2016)

• High Speed! (2013–2014)

• Robot Heart Update (2015–2017)

• Violet Evergarden (2015–2020)

• Manzai Senka! (2016)

• Tsurune (2016–present)

• Kono Hoshizora ni wa Kimi ga Tarinai! (2017)

• 20 Seiki Denki Mokuroku (2018)

• Mobomoga (2020)

• Jikan (2020)

• Ten'yaku-ryō no Majo (2020)

• Sakura no Furu Machi (2020)

• Umihime Mare (2022)

International distribution
A number of titles that are produced by Kyoto Animation are distributed in North America such as Crunchyroll LLC (Funimation), ADV Films, Sentai Filmworks, Central Park Media, Netflix and Bandai Entertainment. Kanon and Air were originally licensed by ADV Films but the licenses were transferred to Funimation in 2008; whilist Bandai Entertainment previously distributed KyoAni titles such as The Menacholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Lucky Star, K-On! and Nichijou. However, Bandai Entertainment closed in 2013, and three of the four of its titles were transferred to Funimation while K-On! was moved to Sentai Filmworks where it dubbed the second season and a movie.

In Australia, where Crunchyroll Store Australia (previously known as Madman Anime) is based, they licensed a handful of KyoAni titles such as Clannad, Hyouka and Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions.

title: Kyoto Animation


text:
Speed Ballads

Speed Ballads is the second album by the band Republica. Released in 1998, the album was the follow-up to Republica's self-titled debut album.

Release
Speed Ballads reached #37 on the UK Album Charts. The album never received release in the United States.

On 22 April 2023 - Record Store Day - the album was released on vinyl for the first time, with a run of 1,000 copies.

Singles
The album spawned only one single, "From Rush Hour With Love." It achieved modest success, peaking at number 20 on the UK Singles chart, but spending only three weeks on the chart. The follow-up single, "Try Everything," received only limited release, due to the bankruptcy and closure of Deconstruction Records, the group's label.

Critical reception
The album was met with mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. AllMusic's Jason Damas felt that the album "exhibits some remarkable growth" over its predecessor, calling the album "far more diverse" and highlighting "Try Everything," "From Rush Hour with Love," and "Fading of the Man" as choice cuts.

B-Sides
There are known to be five B-sides from the Speed Ballads era.
 * 1) "World Ends in the Morning" (from the "From Rush Hour with Love" CD single)
 * 2) "Clone My Soul" (from the "From Rush Hour with Love" CD single)
 * 3) "House Special" (from the "From Rush Hour with Love" 7" Vinyl single)
 * 4) "Fading of the Man" (From the "Try Everything" CD1 promo single)
 * 5) "From Rush Hour with Love" [Westside Story] (From the "Try Everything" CD1 promo single)
 * 6) "Ready to Go" [Live from Cardiff] (From the "Try Everything" CD2 promo single)
 * 7) "Drop Dead Gorgeous" [Live from Cardiff] (From the "Try Everything" CD2 promo single)

Personnel
Republica Additional musicians
 * Saffron - vocals
 * Tim Dorney - keyboards, programming, mixing
 * Jonny Male - guitars
 * Pete Riley - drums
 * Technical
 * Ian Stanley - producer
 * Andy Gray - producer, mixing
 * Clive Langer - producer, mixing
 * Alan Winstanley - producer, mixing
 * Ian Broudie - producer
 * Bob Kraushaar - mixing
 * Gary Langan - mixing
 * Ross Cullum - mixing
 * Cenzo Townshend - mixing
 * Brian Pugsley - additional engineering
 * Jon Astley - mastering
 * Mike Diver - photography, manipulation
 * Big Active Ltd. - design

title: Speed Ballads


text:
Wesley College, Melbourne

Wesley College is a co-educational, open-entry private school in Melbourne, Australia. Established in 1866, the college is the only school in Victoria to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) from early childhood to Year 12.

The college consists of three main metropolitan campuses in Melbourne, St Kilda Road, Glen Waverley and Elsternwick, residential/boarding facilities (Glen Waverley), three outdoor education sites (Mallana, Chum Creek, & Lochend), a year 9 residential learning campus in Clunes and the Yiramalay/Wesley Studio School (Yiramalay) in the Kimberley Region.

Wesley was the first registered school in Australia and is a founding member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS). It is affiliated with the Independent Primary School Heads of Australia, the Association of Independent Schools of Victoria, the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

Overview

Wesley College operates in a three mini-school structure (Junior, Middle & Senior Schools), which caters for students from early childhood through to Year 12. In the Junior Schools (3 Year olds to Year 4), students from the Early Childhood Learning Centre to Year 4 are taught within the framework of the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP). In Middle School (Year 5 to Year 9), students continue to learn within the framework of the IB Primary Years Programme before transitioning into the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) in Year 7. In the Senior Schools (Years 10 to 12), Wesley offers the Victorian Certificate of Education, IB Diploma Programme and Vocational Education and Training.

Wesley enrolment is not subject to entrance examinations or other requirements although some preference is given to female students in order to achieve gender balance. A report in 2019 cited Wesley's fees as among the highest of any school in Victoria.

St Kilda Road
Established in 1866, the St Kilda Road campus has approximately 1,500 students from early childhood through to Year 12.

The campus is around four kilometres from the Melbourne city centre. The campus comprises two sites, with the Middle and Senior Schools located on St Kilda Road and the Junior School in close proximity to High Street Road.

Glen Waverley
The Glen Waverley campus, established in 1966, has over 1,200 students from early childhood through to Year 12.

The campus is home to Wesley's Learning in Residence boarding facility. Integrated with the Senior School, this purpose-built facility for students in Years 9 to 12 offers a safe and supportive boarding environment that attracts students from across Australia and around the world.

In 2016, parts of the Middle School were burned down during a fire, which led to the construction of the new Drennen centre.

Elsternwick
The Elsternwick campus, established in late 1988 (formerly Methodist Ladies' College and Cato College), has over 400 students from early childhood through to Year 9.

Clunes
The Clunes residential campus was established in 1999. Year 9 students spend eight weeks living with one another as part of a unique residential program, where they learn with and contribute to the local community.

Girls and boys live separately in 12 residential houses designed by award-winning architect, Daryl Jackson AO. Each house accommodates up to eight students, with adult House Leaders supporting the overall wellbeing of students and house logistics.

Yiramalay/Wesley Studio School
Established in 2010, Yiramalay was born out of a partnership between Wesley College and the Bunuba community of the Kimberley in Western Australia.

Outdoor Education Sites
Wesley has three outdoor education camp sites in Victoria. Wesley's 130 hectare outdoor education camp at Chum Creek, near Healesville, commenced in 1952, coinciding with the establishment of Timbertop by Geelong Grammar School. The original 200 acre site was donated in 1952 by Alfred Wall, a parent whose family still owns land adjacent to the camp. One of the buildings was commemorated with a sign dedicated to Alfred Wall which has since fallen off and not been returned to its location. The remaining 100 acre was purchased in late 1999. Camp Mallana is located on 5 ha on the Banksia Peninsula, between Bairnsdale and Paynesville, with frontage to Lake Victoria and the Duck Arm shoreline. Camp Lochend, purchased in 1988, is located on 80 ha near Portland.

Child sex abuse
In 2021, Wesley College's administration was successfully sued for failing to protect students from child sexual abuse. Lawyers accused the private school’s administration of allowing abuse to flourish and failing to protect students. A former student at Wesley College was awarded a record settlement of $3 million as compensation for institutional child abuse, after the court ruled that he was sexually assaulted by two former teachers at the school in the 1970s. The abuse was perpetrated by former staff members John McMillan, who sexually abused the boy at Wesley College leadership camps in the years between 1972 and 1974, and Stewart Heywood a former school counselor and long-time teacher, who then repeatedly abused the boy from 1976 until 1979. A number of other victims of McMillan and Heywood have come forward and accused Wesley College of putting "whatever legal obstacles they could" in order to prevent victims receiving proper compensation.

History

The beginnings of Wesley College came from a decision of the colonial government of Victoria in the wake of the Victorian gold rush to grant land and funds to four religious groups, including the Wesleyan Methodist Church, for the purpose of establishing colleges in Melbourne. In 1854, the government offered the Wesleyans 10 acre facing St Kilda Road. Major benefactor Walter Powell encouraged other Wesleyan Methodists to bridge the gap in funds between the government grant and that required to build the school. Daniel Draper and others subsequently contributed sufficient funds. The foundation stone was laid at the present site of the St Kilda Road campus on 4 January 1865. Draper drowned at sea on the day of the school's official opening on 11 January 1866. The first student, Frederick Binks, arrived on 18 January.

James Waugh was chairman of the school committee from foundation until 1883. James Corrigan was the first of seven Headmasters in Wesley's first 35 years. The school struggled for numbers over some of this period. The Depression of the 1890s provided a particular challenge when Arthur Way was Headmaster, and came to a head in 1896 under Arthur Stephenson when enrolment dropped to 90 boys and closure was threatened. Thomas Palmer's tenure as headmaster was curtailed early in 1902 after he was found to have embezzled more than £1,000 of the school's funds.

The colours purple and gold were first chosen when the school was established in 1866. In 1875, they were changed to light blue and white (after Cambridge University and University of Melbourne), but reverted to purple and gold in 1902.

Lawrence Adamson is generally regarded as the single most important figure in the school's history. Adamson was Headmaster from 1902 to 1932 after beginning his teaching career there in 1887. His influence on Wesley survived well into the latter part of the 20th century from staff who were either appointed or were students during his tenure. A recent history of the school defined his contribution as giving Wesley "prosperity, direction and reputation". He personally contributed thousands of pounds of his personal fortune to the school. Adamson was considered less effective in his last decade as headmaster, with the centenary history published in 1967 providing the first overt criticism of him.

The St Kilda Road campus was substantially rebuilt and expanded between 1933 and 1939 following a bequest from philanthropists Alfred and George Nicholas. The gift of around £200,000 ($16 million in 2008) funded twin double-storey buildings, science laboratories, a Junior School building, swimming pool, gymnasium, chapel and other facilities. In 1942 the Australian Government requisitioned the school's campus for the Australian Army, resulting in Wesley being accommodated at Scotch College from 1942 to 1943. The college was running out of space at St Kilda Road and as early as 1937 had secured an option to purchase the land and buildings of Box Hill Grammar School (now Kingswood College). Headmaster Neil MacNeil advanced this option, opening negotiations in 1946. Commercial agreement was reached in 1947 following McNeil's death in office but was never acted on and finally abandoned in 1955.

Thomas Coates (1957–1971) and David Prest (1972–1991) were long-serving headmasters during a period of substantial change, particularly during Prest's tenure. The school purchased land at Syndal in 1955, and for the next few years considered selling the St Kilda Road campus to fund building at its new location. However, by 1959 it had decided to retain its St Kilda Road location, move the Junior School and establish playing fields at Syndal. Following a period of fund-raising, the new campus (renamed Glen Waverley campus in 1978) opened in 1966. The school opened enrolment to girls in 1978. Boarding was discontinued in 1980, in order to accommodate more students at St Kilda Road. Wesley first approached Cato College, Elsternwick in the late 1970s regarding amalgamation. Struggling financially, Cato agreed to this in 1986, with integration into Wesley completed by 1989. In November 1989, a fire substantially damaged the St Kilda Road campus. Significant archival material was lost with the virtual destruction of the school library. The damaged areas were rebuilt by 1991.

Historian Andrew Lemon characterised Glen McArthur's tenure as headmaster (1992–1996) as leaving a sense of "unease".

With the two larger campuses becoming more autonomous and competitive, McArthur was encouraged by the school council to engender a greater sense of a single school, but in doing so he challenged the positions of both campus heads, who left during his tenure. Ill-health affected McArthur's incumbency, and he died in 1998. David Loader became principal of Wesley in 1997 after 18 years as head of Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne and brought to fruition the country-based year 9 learning campus at Clunes in 2000. Former Glen Waverley campus head Helen Drennen became Wesley College's first female principal in June 2003.

In April 2016, a fire at the Glen Waverley campus destroyed ten years 5 and 6 classrooms.

Crest and motto

The Wesley College crest, designed by Frank Goldstraw, later headmaster from 1893 to 1895, first appeared in 1877. It acknowledges the Southern Cross in the cross quarters of the shield and visualises the college's motto. The lion passant, or standing, in the first quarter symbolises courage, vigilance and readiness to act in the daring pursuit of wisdom; the books in the second and third quarters symbolise the wisdom to be gained from learning; and the lamp in the fourth quarter symbolises the light of wisdom.

The Wesley College motto, Sapere Aude, appeared in the first College Prospectus of 1866. The words occur in the Epistles of Horace (I.ii.40): ‘Dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet. Sapere aude: Incipe’ or translated to ‘Well begun is half done. Dare to be Wise: make a beginning.

Curriculum
Wesley begins its curriculum structure with the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program (IB PYP) for 3 y/o to Year 6.

Students then commence the IB Middle Years Program (IB MYP) in Year 7 through to Year 10.

In Years 11 and 12, students select from two distinct pathways – the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or the IB Diploma Program (IB DP).

Sport

Wesley was one of six founding members of the Associated Public Schools (APS). Lawrence Adamson's tenure as headmaster was Wesley's most successful period in APS competition. Between 1901 and 1915, the college won multiple premierships (first team titles) – rowing (12), football (9), athletics (4) and one for cricket. Since then, notable achievements have been consecutive football premierships between 1959 and 1962, with similar success in cricket between 1933 and 1936, and five cricket titles in six years between 1949 and 1954. Success has largely eluded Wesley in boys' athletics, with only one title since 1911, while the last boys' rowing title was in 1984.

In girls' sport Wesley has won seven athletics premierships in a row stretching from 2012 to 2018. Wesley has been successful in girls' sport, particularly in netball, softball and cross country, with over 30 premierships since 1981. Since 2000, Wesley girls have competed against schools from the Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria in addition to APS schools.

Wesley has over 120 teams competing in 19 sports from Year 5 to Year 12 level. Sport is compulsory at varying levels for students in Years 7 to 12.

APS & AGSV/APS Premierships
Wesley has won the following APS and AGSV/APS premierships.

Boys:

 * Athletics (7) – 1906, 1907, 1910, 1911, 1944, 1945, 1947
 * Basketball (4) – 1998, 1999, 2010, 2023
 * Cricket (18) – 1894, 1902, 1910, 1919, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1960, 1969, 1993, 1999
 * Cross Country (5) – 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021
 * Football (22) – 1899, 1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1922, 1932, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1972, 1979, 2010
 * Hockey (4) – 1993, 1994, 2010, 2019
 * Rowing (24) – 1874, 1896, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1915, 1933, 1942, 1947, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1984
 * Soccer – 2001
 * Tennis (2) – 1990, 2006
 * Water Polo – 1999, 2010

Girls:

 * Athletics (10) – 1989, 1994, 2004, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
 * Badminton (7) – 2004, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2019
 * Basketball (6) – 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2021
 * Diving (2) – 2015, 2016
 * Cross Country (18) – 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021
 * Hockey (3) – 1998, 2006, 2014
 * Netball (9) – 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2019
 * Rowing (2) – 1987, 2021
 * Softball (11) – 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2021
 * Swimming (10) – 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2014, 2015
 * Swimming & Diving* (2) – 2012, 2013
 * Tennis (12) – 1998, 2001, 2003, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2021
 * Water Polo (7) – 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016

* From 1998 until 2013, swimming and diving events were awarded as a single premiership.

Drama
The St Kilda Road, Glen Waverley and Elsternwick campuses have separate student theatre companies. The Adamson Theatre Company, named after its principal performance venue was established by Tony Conabere at St Kilda Road campus in 1988. Theatrical performances at Glen Waverley and Elsternwick campuses are both performed under the name Wesley Student Theatre. Various facilities across the campuses are used as well as public venues such as BMW Edge at Federation Square and venues within the Arts Centre Melbourne.

The Glen Waverley campus has performed in New Zealand, Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan, Canada, America, England, Ireland, France, Italy and Germany since 1987.

Music
Glen Waverley & St Kilda Road campuses participate in the Generations in Jazz competition hosted by James Morrison with success achieved by St Kilda Rd (1st in Div 1 1999, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2nd in 2008, 2009) and Glen Waverley (2nd in Div 2 2010, 1st in Div 3 2005, 2010).

The college has a long-standing singing tradition, with the first edition of its Wesley College Song Book published in 1893. The fourteenth edition was published in 2009 and over 140 tunes with lyrics have been included in the song book throughout the school's existence. The Wesley College Song Book is traditionally presented to all new students at the commencement of each school year and in turn the Wesley College Gift Book is presented when students leave the college.

Debating
Wesley College participates in the Debaters Association of Victoria (DAV) Schools' Competition and other debating & public speaking tournaments organised by Rotary, the RSL and the United Nations Youth Association of Australia. In 2006, Wesley won the DAV's Schools British Parliamentary debating competition, competing against Scotch College, Sydney Grammar School, and Melbourne Grammar School.

Public Questions Society
The Public Questions Society (PQS) was established at Wesley College in May 1924 and was instituted to provide a forum in which contemporary and controversial issues could be discussed. In the 1970s, College Headmaster, David Prest convinced the school council to provide funds to increase the supply of controversial figures to address the college on topics of the hour. Subjects in 1972, for example, included 'Black Power', 'Women's Liberation' and 'Legalisation of Marijuana'. Past speakers have included: Bob Hawke, Dick Hamer, Neale Fraser, Al Grassby, Lou Richards, Keith Dunstan, Ivan Southall, Geoffrey Blainey, Andrew Lemon and Wade Davis.

Other
The college also offers inter-school activities such as the Tournament of Minds competition, Alliance française competitions, the Duke of Edinburgh Award and other local competitions.

Structural
Wesley College and the City of Port Phillip are joint owners of the Albert Park Tennis and Hockey Centre, a facility used by a number of schools, community groups and the general public.

The college's performing arts facilities include keyboard computer music laboratories, music rooms, private music lesson rooms, orchestra rooms, theatres for music, dance and drama, drama and communication studies rooms, performing arts studios, dance studios, recording studios and other recital rooms. Notable halls of Wesley College include Adamson Hall at the St Kilda Road campus (capacity 580), Cato Hall at Glen Waverley campus (600) and Fitchett Hall at Elsternwick (350).

The Coates Pavilion at Glen Waverley was reopened in 2009 following redevelopment. Stage 2 of the 2016 College Sport Facilities master-plan was completed in 2011 when the construction of a new indoor sport complex with associated amenities (including: a weights and conditioning facilities, health and wellbeing centre and staff offices ) at the Glen Waverley campus was completed. At the Clunes campus the internal works of the heritage-listed Wesleyan Church were completed in 2010 with new heritage walls, flooring, ceiling and lighting installed; the historic pipe organ was also refurbished and rebuilt.

From 2011 to 2013 the St Kilda Road campus underwent its largest single redevelopment since the 1930s. The music school was completely rebuilt as a state-of-the-art music and drama facility and the adjacent Adamson Hall, the campus's primary dramatic theatre, was extensively refurbished with an expanded capacity of 580 seated, a fly tower, a hydraulic thrust stage, and a revamped sound and lighting rig.

Technology
Wesley was one of the first Australian schools to integrate laptop computers into its curriculum and according to its network provider in 2008, it operated Australia's largest school notebook PC program. Wesley's IT infrastructure includes over 4,000 notebook, 1,000 desktop computers and 850 network printers. In 2005 wireless internet was launched college-wide. In 2007 Wesley introduced tablet styled notebook computers and was the first educational institution in Australia to do so, but by 2010 were no longer being issued. In 2008, Art students were using Wacom pen-tablets for drawing use. Wesley introduced interactive whiteboards across all classrooms and some lecture theatres in 2008, allowing notes to be printed to a nearby printer or emailed to students. The college also began trialling electronic reading devices in 2008.

Sustainability
In 2008, "green" guidelines were set for staff and students. At Glen Waverley, a desalination plant with four 260,000 litre tanks was installed in 2008 to treat water sourced from a bore originally installed in 1996. It is planned to recycle storm water and run-off irrigation water via storage in 15 additional 110,000 litre tanks to be installed by the end of June 2008. The Glen Waverley campus has 22 worm farms to recycle food scraps. At the St Kilda Road campus, a joint venture with the college's neighbour, Deaf Children Australia, is in place to drill a bore and two 55,000 litre tanks have been installed. At the Elsternwick campus, an artificial turf surface has been installed on the ovals. In maintaining with the college's environmental commitment, the lawn will be a carbon neutral project with additional landscaping to be undertaken around the perimeter to maximize rain catchment. As a result of a successful trial last year using bio-diesel in some of the college's buses, bio-diesel is being implemented for all suitable vehicles across the college. The college's electricity is now supplied from 25% green power sources.

In 2007 the Glen Waverley Junior School became the first independent school in Australia to receive a five-star energy rating from the Australian Government Sustainable Schools Program and by 2008 all campuses had received five-star energy ratings. Sustainability is now part of the college curriculum. In December 2007, Wesley was recognised by Yarra Valley Water in its advertising material for its sustainable water usage, its major water management policy and for reducing its water consumption by 68%.

Wesley College Institute for Innovation in education
The Wesley College Institute for Innovation in Education was launched in 2005. Since 2007, the Wesley College Institute has been working with the Australian Council for Educational Research and the Australian Government's Education Department to develop the Australian Certificate of Education – Vocational. To this end, a pilot vocational program is being considered within the cattle industry in northern Western Australia, as part of the partnership Wesley has with the community at Fitzroy River. The institute is currently working on a project to establish studio colleges across remote outback Australia. The first studio college is located on Leopold Downs station about 80 km from Fitzroy Crossing.

In April 2010, the Wesley College Institute hosted the 2010 Global Language Convention at Glen Waverley, with delegates attending from 17 universities and over 140 schools.

Notable alumni
Wesley College's alumni include two former prime ministers, thirteen Rhodes scholars, five current supreme court judges and 36 Olympic athletes. Among the most notable Old Wesley Collegians are former Australian Prime Ministers Sir Robert Menzies and Harold Holt, historian Professor Geoffrey Blainey AC, cricketers Sam Loxton and Ian Johnson (both members of The Invincibles), AFL player and dual Brownlow Medallist Ivor Warne-Smith and politician, businessman and Olympian Sir Frank Beaurepaire, multiple Olympic and World Championship gold medallist Michael Klim, multiple world champion Emma Carney, tennis player Mark Philippoussis, netballer Sharelle McMahon and multiple knights of the realm.

title: Wesley College, Melbourne


text:
Invasive Procedures (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"Invasive Procedures" is the 24th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. It is the fourth episode of the second season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy, near the planet Bajor. This episode explores the Trill species, of which DS9 officer Jadzia Dax is a member: They are formed of a host and a symbiont, with the symbiont passed from host to host as the previous one dies. In this episode, a bitter unjoined Trill attempts to steal the Dax symbiont from Jadzia.

Plot
During a plasma storm, Deep Space Nine is evacuated, with only a skeleton crew remaining behind to maintain the station until the event passes. Posing as a cargo transport in distress, an unjoined Trill, a pair of hired Klingon mercenaries, and a former prostitute named Mareel board the station and overpower the crew. Major Kira tries to take Mareel by surprise, but Mareel outfights her. The Trill, Verad, once applied to be joined with a symbiont and was rejected; now he wants the Dax symbiont. After restraining the shapeshifting Constable Odo in a container and taking the rest of the crew hostage, he forces Dr. Bashir to transfer the symbiont into his body. Without her symbiont, Jadzia will die within hours.

Bashir has one of the Klingons assist him as he tries to save Jadzia's life. Meanwhile, Commander Sisko deals with Verad, who now has the memories of all the Dax hosts, including Curzon Dax, who was a very close friend and mentor to Sisko. He implores Verad to set things right, but sees that he intends to let Jadzia die. Meanwhile, Mareel, whom Verad had befriended early in life, begins to realize how much the man has changed since he received the symbiont, and begins to think the joining may have been a bad idea. However, she remains loyal to him.

The bartender Quark, who helped Verad and his crew board the station by bypassing the security lockdown, pretends to be injured and thereby provides Bashir with the opportunity to sedate one of the Klingons. He then cracks the lock on the container holding Odo. Once Verad discovers what has happened, he heads for his ship, taking Kira as a hostage.

By the time Verad reaches his ship, Odo has released the docking clamps, leaving him stranded. Kira overpowers the Klingon who is holding her, but in the confusion Verad slips away, heading for another ship. In the meantime, Mareel now knows that the man she loves truly is gone and decides to help Sisko. Sisko confronts Verad at the airlock. Believing that Sisko will not shoot his old friend and risk damaging the recently joined symbiont, Verad begins to walk away, but Sisko stuns him with a phaser. The Dax symbiont is returned to Jadzia, leaving Verad alone with himself once again.

Casting
Tim Russ portrays the Klingon T'Kar in this episode; he also appeared in a similarly minor antagonistic role as Devor in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Starship Mine", and would go on to portray one of the main crew members, the Vulcan Tuvok, in Star Trek: Voyager.

Reception
In 2018, SyFy included this episode on their Jadzia Dax binge-watching guide.

Releases
"The Siege" and "Invasive Procedures" were released on VHS together on one cassette tape (catalog number VHR 2719).

It was released on LaserDisc in Japan on June 6, 1997 as part of the half season collection 2nd Season Vol. 1, which had 7 doubled sided 12" discs. The discs had English and Japanese audio tracks.

On September 17, 1997, "The Siege" and "Invasive Procedures" were released on one LaserDisc in the United States. Released by Paramount Home Video, the 12 inch optical disc used both sides for a runtime of 92 minutes with the two shows.

On April 1, 2003 Season 2 of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine was released on DVD video discs, with 26 episodes on seven discs.

This episode was released in 2017 on DVD with the complete series box set, which had 176 episodes on 48 discs.


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text: User talk:200.77.144.246

title: User talk:200.77.144.246


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Gallate

Gallate may refer to:

 * gallic acid salt, a salt or ester of gallic acid
 * gallium salt, a salt containing oxyanions of gallium

Gallate

title: Gallate


text:
Autech

Autech (オーテック) is a division of Nissan Motorsports & Customizing focused on tuning and converting Nissan cars. Autech was a subsidiary company of Nissan from its establishment in 1986 to 2022, when it was merged with Nismo.

History
Autech was founded in 1986 as a subsidiary of Nissan. Nissan named Shinichiro Sakurai, the former general manager of the company's Advanced Vehicle Design Department, as the first president of the new company.

Partnership with Zagato
On 27 May 1987 Autech and the Italian company Zagato signed an agreement to jointly produce a luxury sports car aimed mainly at the Japanese market. Autech was responsible for the engine and chassis, and Zagato of the interior and exterior design. The new car used the platform of the Nissan Leopard and was called Autech Zagato Stelvio AZ1. It was unveiled in 1989, with 203 cars planned to be made (three of which were prototypes). Costs kept increasing during development and in the end 104 units were produced.

Merging with Nismo
In December 2021, Nissan said it would merge Autech and sister company Nismo (a motorsport operation) into a new company called Nissan Motorsports & Customizing Co., Ltd.. The merge was completed on 1 April 2022.

Facilities
The head offices and factory are located in Chigasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture. There are additional offices in Nagoya and Fukuoka and an ASEAN office in Bangkok, Thailand.

Activities
Autech modifies various vehicles to adapt them for use by disabled people and to meet the needs of different work areas. It also has tuned Nissan cars.

Tuned vehicles

Some cars produced by Autech ("Autech Version") include the following:
 * Cedric Y31 Autech Version long wheelbase
 * Skyline Autech Version (HR31 coupe) made in 1988
 * Silvia S13 convertible made in 1988
 * Skyline GTS-4 Autech Version (HNR32 four-door) made in 1992
 * Skyline GT-R Autech Version 40th Anniversary (BCNR33 four-door) made in 1998
 * Silvia Autech Version K's MF-T (S14)
 * Nissan Datsun Truck (D21) WILD ADDAX Autech Version (JDM) 1993–1996
 * Nissan Datsun Truck (D22) SKYSTAR Autech Version (JDM) 1997–2000
 * Pulsar GTi-R (N14), 31 units to date have been recorded
 * Pulsar Serie Autech (HN15), made in 1996
 * Pulsar Serie 3DOOR Hatchback VZ-R N1 version II (JN15)
 * Stagea Autech Version 260RS (WC34) made in 1996–2001
 * Stagea Autech AXIS 350S (HM35) made in 2003–04
 * Silvia S15 N/A Autech Version
 * Silvia Varietta - S15 N/A convertible hard-top Autech Version
 * Fairlady Z (Z33) Nismo 380RS (JDM)
 * X-Trail Axis - (JDM)
 * Dualis - (JDM)
 * Bluebird Sylphy - (JDM)
 * Teana - (JDM)
 * Serena (C26) - (JDM)
 * Serena (C27) - (JDM)
 * Wingroad - (JDM)
 * Tiida - (JDM)
 * Cube Rider (Z10) - (JDM)
 * Primera (P10) - (JDM)
 * Primera (P11) - (JDM)
 * Regulus 'Star Fire' - (R50) - (JDM)
 * Lucino (B14) - (JDM)
 * Elgrand Rider (E50 and E51 Models) - (JDM)
 * Elgrand VIP (E52)
 * Grand Livina Highway Star Autech - L10 (2011) and L11 (2014)
 * Note Rider/Axis (E11/E12) - (JDM)

title: Autech


text:
Finest hour

The term "finest hour" originated in the 1940 speech This was their finest hour by Winston Churchill.

Finest hour may also refer to:

Books

 * The Finest Hours: The True Story of a Heroic Sea Rescue, a book by Michael J. Tougias which was adapted for the namesake 2016 film
 * Their Finest Hour, the second volume of the first hardcover edition of The Second World War (book series), Winston Churchill's history of World War II

Music

 * Finest Hour (album), a 2011 album by comedian Patton Oswalt
 * Finest Hour (band), an American hardcore punk band
 * Finest Hour (quartet), a barbershop quartet
 * "Finest Hour", a song by the power metal band Borealis from the album Fall from Grace
 * "Finest Hour", a 2018 song by the electronic group Cash Cash featuring Abir

Films

 * The Finest Hours (1964 film), a 1964 documentary based on the above speech
 * The Finest Hour, a 1991 war-drama film
 * The Finest Hours (2016 film), a 2016 American film directed by Craig Gillespie

Games

 * Call of Duty: Finest Hour, first-person shooter for the Xbox, PlayStation 2 and GameCube by Spark Unlimited
 * Finest Hour (arcade game), Japan-only 1989 arcade game by Namco
 * Hearts of Iron III: Their Finest Hour, an expansion pack for Hearts of Iron III
 * Their Finest Hour (video game), air combat video game by Lucasfilm Games
 * Their Finest Hour, a 1976 board wargame in the Europa series

title: Finest hour


text:
Talk:IBM mainframe

'Unicode figure space' comes out like 'unknown glyph' square
...even though I use Unicode (UTF-8) character encoding in my web browser! How come? If this can't be sorted out, I propose we return to the use of 'ordinary' spaces (&nbsp;s). --Wernher 02:07, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Which 1st, 2nd generation machines are mainframes and ...?
Can't tell from this article. Should the "Smaller machines" listed be included in the IBM midrange computer article? Is a "smaller" 360 (article does mention such), the 360/20 for example, a mainframe? Should the two articles, mainframe and midrange, account for all machines other than personal computers? tooold 07:05, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Oops, get correct edit summary. tooold 07:07, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Early history
This article fails to describe the Manchester contribution —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.78.145.81 (talk) 23:29, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm assuming that this refers to the Ferranti Atlas rather than to very early Manchester machines. The paging on the 360//67 and S/370 was almost certainly inspired by other US vendors, e.g., GE, rather than directly from Atlas.

 * If the reference was to the B lines of the Manchester Mark 1, then Manchester affected far more than mainframes. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 18:17, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

Fix the lead
Typical Wikiconfusion. How does the 709 trace its ancestry to the 360 series, being as it came out decades before it? Having a dogpile of editors doesn't lead to maximizing goodness of text. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:15, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The lead doesn't make such a claim. The lead claims that current IBM mainframes derive from the S/360, and the 709 is far from current. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 18:17, 15 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, no, it doesn't, not in the two years since this change . It's useful to look at the date stamp on comments. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:07, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

Hardware support for OS
"The System/360 was also the first computer in wide use to include dedicated hardware provisions for the use of operating systems." This doesn't sound right to me, even for some values of "in wide use." Comments?Peter Flass (talk) 13:12, 24 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what dedicated hardware provisions means, but certainly the S/360 has no better claim than the earlier Burroughs B5000 and GE 625. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 18:17, 15 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The article gives supervisor/user mode, and memory protection, as examples of those "dedicated hardware provisions"; neither of those were first introduced in S/360, as you note. The only way the claim would be justified if S/360 were "in wide use" but neither the B5000 nor GE-600 series were "in wide use"; anybody have any statistics on that? Guy Harris (talk) 21:21, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

IBM LinuxONE
To clarify, IBM LinuxONE (Emperor or Rockhopper) is essentaily an IBM Z (formerly, e.g., zSystem) with support for z/OS removed. It supports virualization both through z/VM and through KVM. I don't know how much material on it should be added to the article.

Note that the existing link under See Also is for Linux on Z rather than for LinuxOne. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 19:07, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

 * So is an IBM LinuxONE just a machine where all the processors have Integrated Facility for Linux firmware? Guy Harris (talk) 21:25, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

 * More precisely, it's a machine that has IFL, SAP and spare engines, but no engines configurable for Central Processor (CP), Integrated Coupling Facility (ICF), z Application Assist Processor (ZAAP) or z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP). Since the SAP runs the I/O subsystem, you can't do without it. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 23:20, 26 November 2018 (UTC)

Citations for IBSYS/IBJOB
The article has two citations for IBSYS; one has an unhelpful URL and one is for an unrelated operating system. Does anyone know of publicly accessible online copies of the IBM Systems Journal articles on IBSYS/IBJOB? Or should I just cite the reference manuals from bitsavers? --Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 13:50, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

 * The first citation is archived in the Wayback Machine, so I added an archive URL. (At this time, the Wayback Machine is restarting from a "planned power outage", and they seem to be timing out on some requests, so be patient.)  Guy Harris (talk) 23:19, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:IBM mainframe


text: User talk:69.235.196.94

title: User talk:69.235.196.94


text: User talk:207.248.240.119

title: User talk:207.248.240.119


text: User talk:203.116.214.2

title: User talk:203.116.214.2


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Storm Rave

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mgm|(talk) 23:01, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Storm Rave
Delete Nothing but a vanity page. 24.143.142.212 02:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for vanity. -Satori 02:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How did something like this last this long. Delete. --Jeffrey O. Gustafson - Shazaam! - <*> 04:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. Badly written and unsalvegable. --Malathion 06:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Bhadani 18:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless majorly re-written. Ravedave 19:48, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete self promotion. JamesBurns 04:12, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is actually a valid topic to have an article written about, the STORM raves started the entire north american rave movement and reportedly spawned the use of the term PLUR. But, as noted above, this is so bad it's unsalvegable. Better to delete it and let someone else write it from the ground up. Themindset 18:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. --Ragib 18:01, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:202.175.234.163

title: User talk:202.175.234.163


text:
Talk:Associated Public Schools of Victoria

Fair use rationale for Image:Geelong College logo.jpg
Image:Geelong College logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 10:07, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Melbourne grammar logo.jpg
Image:Melbourne grammar logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:27, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Elitist Wankers
Surely there is room in this article to squeeze two small words "elitist wankers"?

Removal of "famous athletes" section
I would like to gain support for the removal of the "famous athletes" section. This section can become overgrown, outdated and controversial at times. I strongly believe that it is unnecessary and that the "Well Known Alumni" sections of each school is already enough. Please feel free to leave any comments, if there are no objections I will be removing the section on the 7th of march 09. Sheepunderscore (talk) 07:00, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with this. The list is highly subjective and has a disproportionate emphasis on recent AFL footballers.  Should be adequately covered within the alumni sections of each school (although these lists are hardly perfect either). Murtoa (talk) 06:14, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * As discussed above I have now removed the "famous athletes" section. Sheepunderscore (talk) 05:36, 19 March 2009 (UTC)


text: User talk:65.54.155.15

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text: User talk:203.199.92.158

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Ashley Peldon

Ashley Peldon (born April 2, 1984) is an American actress, starting as a child actress, transitioning to adult roles, then primarily voice acting after 2008. She has many credits for screams provided for sound effects.

Life and career
Peldon and her sister Courtney began their careers as child actors. In 1988, Ashley Peldon was cast as Marah Lewis, daughter of Joshua and Reva Lewis on the daytime soap opera Guiding Light. Peldon received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her third year on the show.

She went on to appear in motion pictures such as The Lemon Sisters, Stella, Deceived, Drop Dead Fred, Arthur Miller's The Crucible, Ghost World and other films. For two years Peldon appeared on the NBC television series The Mommies, ABC television series Home Improvement and has had recurring roles on such television series as That 70s Show and The Pretender. Peldon starred as "spoiled actress Amy King" in MTV's comedy series Connected.

In January 2007, Peldon graduated from Skidmore College in New York with a bachelor's degree in Child Psychology and Film. Her interest in child psychology originated from her dramatic role as a sexually abused child in CBS' Child of Rage when she was 7 years old. In February 2008, Peldon directed an Allan Heinberg play for TV Takes the Stage. The play starred Bonnie Somerville and Melissa Sagemiller.

Peldon earned her master's degree in clinical psychology. In 2014, she was pursuing a PhD in depth psychology.

Personal life
Peldon married her husband Steve Hurdle in 2010 and they have two daughters.

Awards and nominations
She was nominated in 1991 for a Daytime Emmy at the Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series for The Guiding Light (1952).

She is a multiple and a six and three years consecutive nominee and award winner of a Young Artist Award at the Young Artist Awards:
 * 1990 - Won for Best Young Actress in a Daytime Drama for The Guiding Light (1952)
 * 1991 - Nominated for Best Young Actress in a Daytime Series for The Guiding Light (1952).
 * 1992 - Nominated for Best Young Actress in a Daytime Series for The Guiding Light (1952).
 * 1993 - Won for Best Young Actress Under Ten in a Television Movie for Child of Rage (1992) (TV).
 * 1994 - Nominated for Outstanding Youth Ensemble in a Television Series for The Mommies (1993) shared with Sam Gifaldi, Ryan Merriman, Shiloh Strong and Joey Zimmerman and won for Best Actress Under Ten in a Television Series or Show for Shameful Secrets (1993) (TV) tied with Ashley Johnson for Phenom (1993).
 * 1995 - Nominated three times, for Best Youth Comedienne in a TV Show and for Best Performance by an Actress Under Ten in a TV Series for The Mommies (1993) and for Best Performance by a Youth Actress in a TV Mini-Series or Special for Without Warning (1994) (TV).
 * 1997 - Nominated for Best Performance in a Drama Series by a Young Actress for The Pretender (1996).
 * 1998 - Nominated twice, for Best Performance in a Voiceover in TV or Film by a Young Actress for Cats Don't Dance (1997) and for Best Performance in a TV Movie/Pilot/Mini-Series by a Leading Young Actress for The Westing Game (1997) (TV) as the main character Tabitha Ruth/Turtle/Alice Wexler.
 * 1999 - Nominated for Best Performance in a TV Drama Series by a Guest Starring Young Actress for The Pretender (1996).

title: Ashley Peldon


text: User talk:202.130.84.133

title: User talk:202.130.84.133


text: User talk:205.137.32.124

title: User talk:205.137.32.124


text:
Ithaca Commons

The Ithaca Commons is a two-block pedestrian mall in the business improvement district known as Downtown Ithaca that serves as the city's cultural and economic center. The Commons is a popular regional destination, and is filled with upscale restaurants and shops, public art, and frequent community festivals.

About
The Commons is shaped like an inverted T. It consists of a two-block segment of State Street between Cayuga and Aurora Streets lined with shops, galleries, restaurants, and bars, and a smaller one-block segment, "Bank Alley," extending north up Tioga Street to Seneca Street, that is home to several banks and financial institutions. Many of the buildings are mixed-use, with apartments or offices on the upper floors. Tompkins Cortland Community College has a small satellite campus on the Commons.

During the summer, local musicians and other entertainers put on free concerts and performances, including at the Bernie Milton Pavilion named after local musician Bernie Milton. The Commons is also used for many political protests, rallies, and speeches.

The Commons hosts several festivals throughout the year, including Ithaca's main annual festival, the Ithaca Festival in early June.

A scale model of the Solar System, the Sagan Planet Walk, begins in the Commons. The Planet Walk is named after famed Cornell University astronomer Carl Sagan, and stretches 3/4 mile from to the Sciencenter. The inner ring planets all fit on a short section of Bank Alley.

The two main hubs of Tompkins Consolidated Area Transit (TCAT)'s bus network are located adjacent to the Commons.

History
By the 1960s, the rise of car culture, suburbs, and urban renewal had severely hurt downtown Ithaca. Many storefronts were empty, and many historic buildings had been torn down and replaced with vacant lots. In 1971, newly elected Mayor Ed Conley, "pulling on a 1950s-era suggestion from a Cornell city planning student", proposed converting several blocks of State Street into a pedestrian mall. At the time, many small towns in the United States were experimenting with using pedestrian malls to revive downtowns. Formal design began in 1972, under the direction of local architect Anton J. Egner. Construction began in 1974, and the Commons opened in 1975. It cost $1.13 million The name "The Commons" was the winning entry in a community-wide "name the mall" contest, and a prize of $1,000 in cash and gift certificates went to Ithaca High School senior Bill Ryan who had entered the name after a visit to the Boston Common.

It faced immediate competition, with the Ithaca area's first mall opening the next year in Lansing. In 1981, several vacant lots created by urban renewal were filled by the construction of Center Ithaca, a large mixed-use building with first-floor retail, an indoor food court connected to the Commons, and upper-floor offices and apartments.

Together with the rest of Upstate New York, the Commons suffered through the 1990s with many empty storefronts. Rothschilds, a local department store, closed in the early 1980s, and its successors, Iszards (the only store outside of the Elmira area) and a McCurdy's store, closed in the mid-1990s. A McDonald's and a CVS also closed on the Commons in the mid-90s, and a block away, a Woolworths store closed in 1998. Then-Mayor Alan Cohen (owner of a restaurant located on the Commons) proposed removing the Commons and opening up the two-block portion of State Street to automobile traffic.

At the turn of the century, the Commons's fortune began to turn around, due to increased investment and the rise of New Urbanism. The Downtown Ithaca Alliance, a business improvement district, was created in 1997 to revitalize the Commons and its surroundings. The vacant former Woolworths was renovated into the new home of the Tompkins County Public Library in 2000. In 2005, Seneca Place, a large mixed-use building incorporating retail, a Hilton Garden Inn, office space for Cornell University and Morgan Stanley, and the Ithaca area's first Starbucks opened adjacent to the Commons. Between 2003 and 2015, the Cayuga Green project replaced several lots of surface parking adjacent to the Commons with a new home for independent movie theatre Cinemapolis, an Urban Outfitters, two buildings of luxury apartments, and a new multi-level parking garage with first-floor retail. Another luxury apartment building, Gateway Commons, was completed nearby in 2007.

But the Commons' aging infrastructure started to cause problems. In the late 1990s, an ad hoc city committee formed to discuss the future of the Commons. Their report, "Renewing the Design of the Ithaca Commons: The Report of The Commons Design Review Committee," was released in April 1999, and led to a $127,000 capital project. The project consisted largely of maintenance work, although it also paid for the removal of a large, brutalist fountain that had been turned off for years due to leaky plumbing. The fountain was replaced with a large, open paved area with seating. More temporary repairs were made to the Commons in 2008.

In 2009, the city commissioned landscape architecture firm Sasaki Associates to do a complete redesign, with a more open central lane, "patterned pavement, varied and movable seating, improved performance spaces, energy-efficient lighting, an outdoor reading area and a small playground."

The old Commons was demolished in April 2013. The reconstruction was originally planned to take 18 months and cost $9.5 million. But a series of problems, including a poorly-documented existing conditions, poorly-drawn plans, poor coordination with NYSEG, and mayhem caused by a runaway truck, caused the project to go long over schedule and budget. Many business owners reported dramatically decreased sales and foot traffic. In August 2015, the Commons re-opened, at a total cost of $15 million.

In 2012, a stainless steel and bronze sculpture of Martin Luther King Jr. was unveiled at the western end of the Commons. The sculpture, by Rob Licht, depicts a portrait bust of King with an abstracted image of a waterfall. The base of the statue is etched with a quotation from King.

In late 2015, construction began on a new, ten-story Marriott hotel on a vacant triangular lot at the eastern end of the Commons. The hotel opened in November 2016.

In 2013, a local developer proposed replacing three buildings on the Commons with modern retail spaces, three stories of office space, and an eleven-story apartment tower. The project, named "Harold's Square," would also result in the historic rehabilitation of the 19th-century Sage Block building. The project was expected to be completed in summer 2019, but was still under construction in August 2020, when the developer sued the city in an effort to stop another project in the area, concerned that they would lose revenue due to competition for parking.

In 2022, a building that once housed Firebrand Books - a building on the Commons, at 143 East State Street - was designated a local historic landmark by the Ithaca Common Council.

Features

 * Sagan Planet Walk
 * Bernie Milton Pavilion
 * State Theatre

Annual Events

 * Annual Chili Festival (first week of February)
 * Ithaca Festival (first weekend of June)
 * Bite of Ithaca (late June)
 * Apple Harvest Festival (first weekend of October)
 * Winter Light Festival (first weekend of December)
 * Chowder Cook-Off (December)
 * First Friday Gallery Nights (first Friday of each month)
 * Summer Concert Series (Thursday evenings during the summer)

title: Ithaca Commons


text: User talk:207.234.208.66

title: User talk:207.234.208.66


text:
User:Bcat/monobook.js

document.write("<\/script>");

title: User:Bcat/monobook.js