text:
Luke Roberts

Luke Justin Roberts (born 25 January 1977) is a sports director and former Australian racing cyclist specialising in both track cycling and road bicycle racing.

Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he resides both in Adelaide and in Cologne, Germany. Coming from a cycle racing family, he started competitive cycling at the age of 13, and turned professional in 2002. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. and a member of the Comnet Senges team (2002–2004), and of from 2005 to 2007. As a team and individual pursuit specialist, holding an Olympic gold medal and World record with the Australian Pursuit team at the 2004 Summer Olympics, he contributes particularly to the success of his team in time trial events.

In 2003 he was awarded the title of Australian Male Track Cyclist of the Year. In 2005 he was awarded the Order of Australia medal in the Australia Day Honours List. In 2002, 2003 and 2004 he was a World Champion Team pursuit, and won the silver medal in 2002 and 2003 for the World Individual Pursuit Championship.

At the Olympic level, Luke Roberts has competed as part of the Australian cycling team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. In 2000 he came 9th in the Individual Pursuit at the Olympic Games. He improved his performance 4 years later in Athens, coming 5th in the Individual Pursuit. As part of the Australian pursuit team with Graeme Brown, Brett Lancaster, Bradley McGee, (Peter Dawson and Stephen Wooldridge were also part of the team), Roberts won gold and set a new world record for the 4000m Team Pursuit of 3mins 56.610secs, breaking their previous world record set in Stuttgart in 2003.

At the 1998 Commonwealth Games, Roberts achieved a gold medal for the Teams Pursuit, a silver medal in the Individual Pursuit, and came 8th in the Points race. Four year later at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, Roberts won gold in the Teams Pursuit and 4th in the Individual Pursuit. His 2010 road racing team,, folded at the end of that season, and he signed to ride for a proposed Australian team known as Pegasus: this team, however, failed to obtain a UCI license. After riding with UniSA in the 2011 Tour Down Under, Roberts signed with, a continuation of the squad he was with from 2005 to 2007, for the remainder of the season.

Major results

 * 1993
 * Under-17 National Track Championships
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Individual pursuit
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Sprint
 * Under-17 National Road Championships
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Individual time trial
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Team time trial

 * 1994
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Junior Teams Pursuit World Champion

 * 1995
 * Junior World Track Championships
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Individual pursuit
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Team pursuit
 * Junior National Track Championships
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Individual pursuit
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Team pursuit
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Elimination race
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Points race
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Junior National Time Trial Championships

 * 1996
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG National Teams Pursuit Champion

 * 1998
 * 1st Gold medal blank.svg Teams Pursuit 1998 Commonwealth Games
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG National Teams Pursuit Champion
 * Track World Cup
 * 1st Individual pursuit
 * 1st Madison
 * 1st Team pursuit
 * 2nd silver medal blank.svg Individual Pursuit 1998 Commonwealth Games

 * 1999
 * National Track Championships
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Individual pursuit
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG Team pursuit
 * 1st Teams Pursuit Track World Cup
 * 1st Individual Pursuit overall Track World Cup rankings
 * 2nd Individual Pursuit Track World Cup

 * 2000
 * 1st MaillotAustralia.PNG National Individual Pursuit Champion

 * 2001
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour Down Under

 * 2002
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Teams Pursuit World Champion
 * 1st Gold medal blank.svg Teams Pursuit 2002 Commonwealth Games
 * 1st Overall Tour of Tasmania

 * 2003
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Team Pursuit World Champion
 * 1st Individual Pursuit, UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics
 * Giro del Veneto
 * 1st Prologue & Stage 4
 * 1st Giro del Capo
 * 1st Stage 5 Ringerike Grand Prix
 * 2nd silver medal blank.svg Individual Pursuit World Titles
 * 2nd Overall Brandenburg-Rundfahrt
 * 2nd Overall Herald Sun Tour

 * 2004
 * 1st Gold medal.svg 2004 Summer Olympic Games Team Pursuit
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Team Pursuit World Champion
 * 1st Stage 6 Tour de Normandie
 * 1st Stage 1 Intl Rheinland-Pfalz Rundfahrt
 * 9th Overall Tour Down Under

 * 2005
 * 1st Stage 4 TTT Tour Méditerranéen
 * 3rd Eindhoven Team Time Trial
 * 6th TEAG Hainleite
 * 8th T-Mobile International
 * 10th LUK Challenge Chrono Bühl

 * 2006
 * 1st Stage 4, 3-Länder-Tour
 * 3rd Overall Bayern-Rundfahrt

 * 2007
 * 1st Eindhoven TTT
 * 3rd Overall Tour of Britain
 * 6th Overall Tour Down Under
 * 9th Paris–Bourges

 * 2008
 * 1st Stage 3 Giro del Capo
 * 1st Stolberg-Breinig

 * 2009
 * 1st Grenoble, Six Days

 * 2010
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour of Murcia
 * 5th Overall Tour Down Under

 * 2011
 * 10th Overall Tour Down Under
 * 1st Jersey white.svg Mountains classification

 * 2012
 * 7th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen

 * 2013
 * 1st Prologue Istrian Spring Trophy
 * 5th Poreč Trophy

title: Luke Roberts


text:
Saint Meinrad, Indiana

Saint Meinrad is a census-designated place (CDP) in Harrison Township, Spencer County, Indiana, United States. Located along the Anderson River, it is home to the St. Meinrad Archabbey. Interstate 64 runs near the CDP, and it is situated about 55 miles east of Evansville. Because of the archabbey, St. Meinrad, along with Harrison Township, is assigned to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis. The rest of Spencer County is within the borders of the much closer Diocese of Evansville.

History
Saint Meinrad was laid out in 1861, and named after the local St. Meinrad Archabbey. A post office has been in operation at Saint Meinrad since 1862.

Notable person

 * Howard Schnellenberger, former head college and football coach, Baltimore Colts and the University of Miami, where he coached the 1982 Miami Hurricanes to the first of its five national championships.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Saint Meinrad, Indiana


text:
Hard Nose the Highway

Hard Nose the Highway is the seventh studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison, released in 1973. It is his first solo album since his 1967 debut Blowin' Your Mind! to contain songs not written by Morrison. A cover version of the song "Bein' Green", usually associated with Kermit the Frog, is included, as is a take of the traditional song "Purple Heather". The album also contains the single "Warm Love," a fan favourite.

Recording
Recorded during a series of prolific recording sessions, there was more than enough material to fill a double-album. Morrison proposed the idea to Warner Bros. Records, but he was ultimately convinced to release a single LP. During the recording sessions held between August and November 1972, there were nearly thirty songs recorded in all, at least three-quarters of them original compositions. A few leftover tracks were saved or re-recorded for future albums like Veedon Fleece, but most would not see release until 1998's compilation of outtakes, The Philosopher's Stone, when nine of the songs would be used. Biographer Clinton Heylin suggested that "only 'Warm Love' and 'Hard Nose the Highway' could have sat comfortably alongside 'rejects' like 'Madame Joy', 'Bulbs', 'Spare Me a Little', 'Country Fair', 'Contemplation Rose' and 'Drumshanbo Hustle'."

By Morrison's own account, this was the first album that was completely produced under his control. The recording sessions even took place in a recording studio he had built next door to his home in Fairfax, California. He remarked on the album: "As a concept for the album, I was just trying to establish how hard it was to do what I do.  Plus there were some lighter things  on the other side of it. One side has a kind of hard feeling while the other is soft."

Composition
"Snow in San Anselmo" is the opening song and features the backing vocals of the Oakland Symphony Chamber Chorus. Morrison says the song is, "just a sketch on when it snowed in San Anselmo. It's about the images that were happening when it was snowing there for the first time in thirty years."

"Warm Love" was released as a successful single and was also a favorite concert performance in the 70s. It featured the catchy line, "and it's ever present everywhere, Warm Love."

The title song, "Hard Nose the Highway" is explained by Morrison as: "the theme running through the whole song is 'Seen some hard times' which I have 'Drawn some fine lines' which I definitely have, and 'No time for shoe shines' when you're trying to make a living."

"Wild Children" is actually about the post-war children growing up in other countries and getting their images—from American anti-heroes such as those portrayed by James Dean, Marlon Brando, Rod Steiger and playwright Tennessee Williams.

"The Great Deception" is according to biographer, Richie Yorke: "One of the most stinging indictments from any observer, let alone a rock artist, of the tragic hypocrisy of so many participants in the sub-culture, in particular the big-time rock stars of this era."

"Being Green" is the first non-original composition Morrison had included on any album for Warner Bros. so far and was  taken from the popular American children's TV show, Sesame Street, which he must have watched with his young daughter, Shana. He says about his interpretation of the song, "That was just a statement that you don't have to be flamboyant. If somebody doesn't like you just because you're a certain thing, then maybe they're seeing the wrong thing."

A reviewer said about the ten and a half-minute "Autumn Song": "I can't deny that it's the funkiest song about the splendors and moods of fall that has ever glided through my ears."

The ending song, "Purple Heather" is the traditional "Wild Mountain Thyme" written by F. McPeake as a variant of Robert Tannahill's "The Braes of Balquhidder", and re-arranged by Morrison.

Reception
According to Ritchie Yorke, who published his biography, Into the Music, in 1975, the album enjoyed rave reviews at the time of release. He cited one dissenting critic Charlie Gillett, who wrote in Let It Rock: "The trouble with Hard Nose the Highway is that although the music is quite often interesting, it doesn't have a convincing emotional basis...Despite the lack of inspiration and of melodic focus, the record is attractive to listen to. But Van Morrison has set high standards for himself and Hard Nose the Highway doesn't live up to them."

Robert Christgau rated it only a B− and mostly dismissed it with: "The relaxed rhythms are just lax most of the time, the vocal surprises mild after Saint Dominic's Preview, the lyrics dumbest when they're more than mood pieces, and the song construction offhand except on 'Warm Love'."

Stephen Holden in his 1973 Rolling Stone review said: "Hard Nose the Highway is psychologically complex, musically somewhat uneven and lyrically excellent. Its surface pleasures are a little less than those of St. Dominic's Preview and a great deal less than those of Tupelo Honey, while its lyric depths are richer and more accessible than those of either predecessor. The major theme of Hard Nose is nostalgia, briefly but firmly counter-pointed by disillusion."

Later assessments in The Rolling Stone Record Guide (1979) and The Rolling Stone Album Guide (1992) were less generous. In the former, Hard Nose was listed as Morrison's only one-star album to date; reviewer Dave Marsh called it "a failed sidestep, a compromise between the visionary demands of Morrison's work and his desire for a broad-based audience." In the later edition, Paul Evans called the record the "vaguest and weakest" of Morrison's 1970s output.

In the opinion of biographer Erik Hage, "Hard Nose the Highway seems to have suffered a lot of unnecessary criticism—many commentators consider it his worst and most uninspired album—perhaps because it followed such a remarkable run of LPs, and because two truly forward-thinking albums had come before and after it (1972's Saint Dominic's Preview and 1974's Veedon Fleece)."

Track listing
All songs written by Van Morrison, unless otherwise noted.

 * Side one
 * 1) "Snow in San Anselmo" – 4:33
 * 2) "Warm Love" – 3:22
 * 3) "Hard Nose the Highway" – 5:12
 * 4) "Wild Children" – 4:19
 * 5) "The Great Deception" – 4:50

 * Side two
 * 1) "Bein' Green" (Joe Raposo) – 4:20
 * 2) "Autumn Song" – 10:34
 * 3) "Purple Heather" (Traditional) – 5:42

Personnel

 * Van Morrison – acoustic guitar, vocals
 * Jack Schroer – tenor, alto, baritone and soprano saxophones
 * Jules Broussard – tenor saxophone, flute
 * Joseph Ellis – trumpet on "Hard Nose the Highway" and "Bein' Green"
 * Bill Atwood – trumpet
 * Nathan Rubin – violin
 * Zaven Melikian – violin
 * Nancy Ellis – viola
 * Theresa "Terry" Adams – cello
 * John Tenney – violin
 * Michael Gerling – violin
 * Jef Labes – piano
 * John Platania – guitar
 * David Hayes – bass
 * Gary Mallaber – vibraphone, drums
 * Rick Shlosser – drums
 * Marty David – bass "Green" and "Wild Children"
 * Jackie DeShannon – backing vocals on "Warm Love" and "Hard Nose the Highway"
 * Oakland Symphony Chamber Chorus on "Snow in San Anselmo"
 * SPIRIT, MORALE AND LAUGHTER – Ed Fletcher (alias Iversen)

Production

 * Producer: Van Morrison
 * Engineers: Neil Schwartz, Jim Stern
 * Arrangers: Van Morrison, Jef Labes (strings), Jack Schroer, (horns)
 * Album Cover Art: Rob Springett

title: Hard Nose the Highway


text:
It's Too Late to Stop Now

It's Too Late to Stop Now is a 1974 live double album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. It features performances that were recorded in concerts at the Troubadour in Los Angeles, California, the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, and the Rainbow in London, during Morrison's three-month tour with his eleven-piece band, the Caledonia Soul Orchestra, from May to July 1973. Frequently named as one of the best live albums ever, It's Too Late to Stop Now was recorded during what has often been said to be the singer's greatest phase as a live performer.

Volumes II, III and IV of the album were released as a box-set in 2016, also including a DVD.

Tour and performances
Noted for being a mercurial and temperamental live performer, during this short period of time in 1973, Morrison went on one of his most diligent tours in years. With his eleven-piece band, The Caledonia Soul Orchestra, which included a horn and string section, he has often been said to have been at his live performing peak. The tour was a dynamic musical journey for both Van Morrison and the band. "He wasn't looking to repeat himself. He wanted to create a new show every night." said Jef Labes. Van was changing his phrasing with each performance and would be directing the band with hand gestures onstage. "We could take the songs anywhere Van wanted to take them" said guitarist Platania "Every performance of each song was different". The alternate recordings of songs on the various volumes from the 2016 box-set prove his point.

Morrison said about touring during this period: "'I am getting more into performing. It's incredible. When I played Carnegie Hall in the fall something just happened.  All of a sudden I felt like 'you're back into  performing' and it just happened like that...A lot of times in the past I've done gigs and it was rough to get through them.  But now the combination seems to be right and it's been clicking a lot. '" Evidence of his newly invigorated joy in performing was on display during the ending of the over-ten-minute-long dynamic performance of "Cyprus Avenue". When an audience member shouts out, "Turn it on!", Morrison good-naturedly replies, "It's turned on already." At the very end he finished the concert with a final heartfelt, "It's too late to stop now!" giving the album its title (this line first appeared on the song "Into the Mystic").

The concert performances were described by Erik Hage as "sequences of a young soul lion whipping the crowd into a frenzy and then stopping on a dime—teasing out anticipation, rushing, receding, and coaxing every drop out of his band."

Guitarist John Platania says "He had a funeral for a lot of his old songs on stage. With Caledonia, he really got off on performing. There was definitely joy getting onstage at that point. That was a wonderful time for everybody. It was really like a family. Ordinarily, with rock 'n' rollers, jazzers and classical musicians in the band, you'd think it was a three-headed serpent but everybody got along famously."

The performances on the live album were from tapes made at the beginning of the tour in Los Angeles and also in Santa Monica and London. Marco Bario, who attended the opening night concert at The Troubadour, said in Playgirl: "he was exceptional. The mood was right, the audience was receptive, and the music left no comparisons to be made. It was the finest opening night performance by a consummate musician that I have ever witnessed."

The London concerts were the first time he had appeared in that city since performing with Them, six years earlier. The two concerts at the Rainbow Theatre in London were referred to as "the rock event of the year" by critics according to Ritchie Yorke in his biography. The 24 July 1973 London Rainbow concert was the first BBC simulcast broadcast simultaneously on BBC 2 television and Radio 2 stereo so that viewers with strategically sited loudspeakers could enjoy "stereo TV". The broadcast took place on 27 May 1974.

Music
The album mixes songs that inspired Morrison's own musical development, together with some of his own compositions, and allied to a backing band and orchestra (The Caledonia Soul Orchestra), The album performances were reviewed by Myles Palmer of the Times as demolishing "all barriers between the soul, blues, jazz and rock genres". The songs chosen went back to his days with Them with versions of "Gloria" and "Here Comes the Night". His first solo hit "Brown Eyed Girl" was performed but not included on the album until the reissue in 2008. M. Mark called the album "an intelligent selection of songs that draws on six of Morrison's records and five of the musicians he learned from." These musicians were Bobby Bland ("Ain't Nothing You Can Do"), Ray Charles ("I Believe to My Soul"), Sam Cooke ("Bring It On Home to Me"), two songs by Sonny Boy Williamson II ("Help Me" and "Take Your Hands Out of My Pocket")  and a cover of a Willie Dixon song, "I Just Want to Make Love to You", which was popularized by Muddy Waters.

Additional musical influences are revealed in the 2016 box set release; Hank Williams ("Hey, Good Lookin'") and Buddy Johnson ("Since I Fell for You"). The box also includes two new songs at the time of the tour and not released on any other album: "No Way", written by pianist Jef Labes; and "I Paid the Price", which was about his marriage with Janet Planet that was breaking up.

Production
It's Too Late to Stop Now is thought to be one of the first live albums to have string players. The album was recorded (as noted in the album's liner notes) at two California performances at The Troubadour in Los Angeles (23–27 May 1973) and the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium (29 June 1973), and a London show at The Rainbow in (23–24 July 1973).

Unlike most live rock albums, there was no studio overdubbing allowed by Morrison. "People cut live albums and they take it to the studio and play with it for about a year, but this one's just as it happened", said Morrison. Morrison strictly adhered to his concept of authenticity in presenting the live performance. "It's common practice to go back and fix things, but not with Van", bass player David Hayes said, "I think that's what makes it one of the best ever." Morrison's musical perfectionism prevented him from including the popular song "Moondance" in the original album due to one wrong guitar note. In 2016, a live recording of the song was released as part of Volume II.

Release and reception
According to Elmore Magazine's Mike Jurkovic, when It's Too Late to Stop Now was first released in 1974, "everyone—and I do mean everyone—tripped over themselves to hail the two-LP set as one of the greatest live renderings of the rock era." Reviewing the album in Creem, Robert Christgau hailed it as Morrison's best since Moondance (1970) while writing, "Songs that wore poorly or were just lame in the first place have more force and tightness here than in their studio versions". Ken Emerson was somewhat less impressed in Rolling Stone: "On It's Too Late Morrison's voice is in fine form, but much else is not...The other musicians, most of whom have played with Morrison many times before, never detract, but Morrison could be better served....But the power of Morrison's vocals overcomes these drawbacks." At the end of 1974, It's Too Late to Stop Now was voted the 20th best album of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics, published by The Village Voice. Ellen Willis, Greil Marcus, and Christgau ranked it 2nd, 6th, and 18th, respectively, in their ballots for the poll.

Three months after the concerts for the Too Late to Stop Now tour, Morrison had disbanded The Caledonia Soul Orchestra and went on a vacation tour of Ireland for three weeks that resulted in the album Veedon Fleece.

In a retrospective review, Jason Ankenny from AllMusic regarded the album as "an engaging, warm portrait of the man at the peak of his powers", while Morrison biographer John Collis called it "one of the most impressive of all attempts to squeeze the stage excitement of a rock performer on to vinyl." Fellow biographer Johnny Rogan said that "Morrison was in the midst of what was arguably his greatest phase as a performer." Chris Jones of the BBC wrote: "In a live setting all the hyperbole about Morrison's blend of genres into one Celtic, mystic vision makes perfect sense. This is soul music in a very real sense." Hal Horowitz with American Songwriter, on reviewing the 2008 remasters of some of Morrison's albums, said, "The classic is 1974’s double live It’s Too Late…, rightfully on anyone’s shortlist of finest concert albums. Van typically blows hot and cold on stage, but when he ignites on the oldies and choice blues covers here, few can touch him for pure blue-eyed soul passion." It's Too Late to Stop Now has been on lists of greatest live albums of all time.

A remastered version of the album was released on 29 January 2008 containing a live take of "Brown Eyed Girl" not included on the original release. This version was then not included on the 2016 reissue and is not currently available; a recording of the song from a different night was included on Volume II of the 2016 issues.

On 10 June 2016, a box set containing the three complete Los Angeles (23 May 1973), Santa Monica (29 May 1973), and London (23/24 July 1973) shows, along with a DVD of the BBC footage from the 24 July show, was released as ..It's Too Late to Stop Now Vol. II, III, IV & DVD.

Original 1974 double LP
All tracks written by Van Morrison, except where noted. The compact disc version places sides one and two on disc one, with sides three and four, and the bonus track at the end of disc two.

Personnel

 * Van Morrison – vocal
 * Nathan Rubin – first violin
 * Tom Halpin or Tim Kovatch – violin
 * Nancy Ellis – viola
 * Teresa Adams – cello
 * Bill Atwood – trumpet, backing vocals
 * Jack Schroer – alto, tenor and baritone saxophones, tambourine, backing vocals
 * Jef Labes – piano, organ
 * John Platania – guitar, backing vocals
 * David Hayes – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Dahaud Shaar (David Shaw) – drums, backing vocals

Production personnel

 * Van Morrison, Ted Templeman – producers
 * Van Morrison, Jef Labes (strings), Jack Schroer (horns) – arrangements
 * Donn Landee, Myles Wiener, Biff Dawes, Jack Crymes, Gabby Garcia, Chris Chigaridas, Bill Broms, Bob Harper – engineers

Recording locations

 * The Troubadour, Los Angeles, California
 * Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, Santa Monica, California
 * Rainbow Theatre, London, England

title: It's Too Late to Stop Now


text: User talk:68.40.26.125

title: User talk:68.40.26.125


text:
Saint Meinrad Archabbey

Saint Meinrad Archabbey is a Catholic monastery in Spencer County, Indiana, US, was founded by monks from Einsiedeln Abbey in Switzerland on March 21, 1854, and is home to approximately 79 monks. The Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology is also located on the premises.

The abbey is named for the monk St. Meinrad of Einsiedeln, who died in 861. It is one of only two archabbeys in the United States and one of 11 in the world. The abbey is located approximately 15 minutes from Monastery Immaculate Conception in Ferdinand, Indiana. Immaculate Conception is for Benedictine women. Because of the presence of the Archabbey, Harrison Township is located within the Archdiocese of Indianapolis instead of the Diocese of Evansville, like the rest of Spencer County.

The Benedictine community at Saint Meinrad consists of men who dedicate their lives to prayer and work. They gather in community five times a day—for morning prayer, Mass, noon prayer, evening prayer and compline—to pray for the Church and the world. Guests often join the monks in prayer in the Archabbey Church.

Gregorian chant is sung in the canonical hours of the monastic Office, primarily in antiphons used to sing the Psalms, in the Great Responsories of Matins, and the Short Responsories of the Lesser Hours and Compline. The psalm antiphons of the Office tend to be short and simple, especially compared to the complex Great Responsories.

In addition, the monks spend private time reading spiritual and religious materials. They live under the Rule of St. Benedict, the 6th-century instructions for community living written by St. Benedict.

History
The monks came to southern Indiana at the request of a local priest (Fr. Joseph Kundek) for assistance in addressing the pastoral needs of the growing German-speaking Catholic population and to prepare local men to be priests. St. Meinrad was named by the Pope as an abbey in 1870, with Martin Marty as abbot and Fintan Mundwiler as prior.

Shortly after arriving in Indiana, the Benedictines began offering high school courses to local youths. In 1861, the monks expanded their general courses to include undergraduate courses in philosophy and theology. Through these programs, the monks of Saint Meinrad began their mission, which continues today: preparing men for service in the Church as priests. The undergraduate degree program, St. Meinrad College, closed in 1998. It had expanded admission to men who were not seeking the priesthood, and had considered admitting women but found enrollment too low to continue. Saint Meinrad continues to operate a graduate school of theology. It has more than a score of its monks in parish work, chaplaincies, and diocesan assignments.

In 1877, the Abbot of Saint Meinrad Abbey, Martin Marty, negotiated an agreement with an agent of the Little Rock and Fort Smith Railroad Company (LR&FS) Railroad Company, for land in order to establish a Benedictine monastery in northern Arkansas. The railroad controlled thousands of acres of land, and had approached the abbey seeking to gain its support to establish a monastery and school on its holdings. The RR granted 640 acres to the abbey for the monastery and a school. The railroad wanted to attract settlers to this part of their holdings.

Three monk-missionaries from St. Meinrad Abbey founded the new institute on March 15, 1878, in Logan County, Arkansas. Later the monks founded the associated school that continues at the complex. St. Benedict Priory gained independence from St. Meinrad in 1886. In 1891 Pope Leo XIII named it as Subiaco Abbey. It donated 80 acres for a townsite and railroad connection, and the first train served the new town of Subiaco, Arkansas in 1909.

In 1889, a group of monks traveled from St. Meinrad Abbey to the Archdiocese of New Orleans. They were responding to an invitation from the Archbishop to found a college seminary to train local vocations. The monks founded what developed as St. Joseph Abbey, Louisiana, located in Saint Benedict, near Covington, Louisiana, north of New Orleans. Saint Joseph Abbey operates Saint Joseph Seminary College, and a number of other ministries around the Diocese.

In 1933, Saint Meinrad founded Marmion Abbey in Aurora, Illinois. In 1950 Blue Cloud Abbey was founded near Marvin, South Dakota, to serve the local Lakota and related Native American peoples. Due to declining numbers and an aging population, Blue Cloud was closed by its remaining members in 2012. Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus also had missions and schools in South Dakota from the early 20th century

In 1958, the monks of Saint Meinrad founded Prince of Peace Abbey in Oceanside, California. Prince of Peace and Marmion abbeys continue to operate.

In 1954 St. Meinrad Abbey was elevated to Archabbey by the Holy See.

Abbots and Archabbots
Abbots Archabbots
 * 1870-1879 Martin Marty
 * 1880-1898 Fintan Mundwiler
 * 1898-1930 Athanasius Schmitt
 * 1930-1955 Abbot Ignatius Esser (elevated to Archabbot 1954-1955)
 * 1955-1966 Bonaventure Knaebel
 * 1966-1978 Gabriel Verkamp
 * 1978-1995 Timothy Sweeney
 * 1995-2004 Lambert Reilly
 * 2004-2016 Justin Duvall
 * 2016-Present Archabbot Kurt Stasiak

Seminary and School of Theology
The St Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology offers graduate-level degrees in theology. Priesthood candidates work toward a Master of Divinity. Lay degree students can earn a Master of Arts (Theology) or a Master of Arts (Pastoral Theology). A two-year pre-theology program leads to a Master of Catholic Philosophical Studies.

Saint Meinrad began offering lay degree programs in 1969, although students worked on their degrees during the six-week Summer Session program. In the fall of 1993, the Seminary and School of Theology expanded its mission to allow lay ministry students to attend classes during any of the academic terms. While some classes specifically aimed at ordination preparation are reserved for M.Div. students, lay ministers sometimes pursue their graduate degrees as part-time or full-time students. More than 5,000 men and women have studied in the School of Theology.

Other programs in the Seminary and School of Theology include a permanent deacon formation program, which assists Catholic dioceses in the formation of their deacon candidates, and a youth and vocations program, which encourages high school and college students to participate more deeply in the Church's liturgy and consider a vocation of service to the Church.

The Seminary and School of Theology also houses the Institute for Priests and Presbyterates, which offers continuing formation for priests making the transition from seminary to parish life, priests preparing for their first assignment as pastor, and presbyterates - which is the group of priests and their bishop in a Catholic diocese.

In 1995, there was a controversy over the firing of a theologian, Carmel McEnroy, who taught at the school. In the spring of 1994, Pope John Paul II had issued an Apostolic Letter declaring the issue of the ordination of women as priests resolved and no longer open to debate. Several months after the statement was issued, Dr. McEnroy joined 1,500 others in signing an open letter opposing the Pope's teachings on the subject. After reading the open letter in the National Catholic Reporter, the Archabbot determined that Dr. McEnroy must be removed from the faculty at Saint Meinrad for publicly dissenting from the Pope's teachings. Dr. McEnroy sued on a claim of breach of contract. The lower court dismissed the case, citing lack of jurisdiction, which decision was upheld on appeal.

Abbey Press
Saint Meinrad Archabbey owned and operated an international company that produced and marketed religious, spiritual and inspirational cards, books and gifts. At one time, Abbey Press was one of the largest business enterprises in Spencer County, Indiana, with more than 100 employees.

The press was founded in 1867 when the Benedictine monks purchased a used printing press. Abbey Press marketed its products throughout the United States and in 25 English-speaking countries. More than 20 foreign companies were licensed to print some of Abbey Press' publications in native languages. Net proceeds from the sales of Abbey Press products supported the ministries of Saint Meinrad Archabbey. As of June 30, 2017, after 150 years of operation, Abbey Press closed and the printing presses and other equipment were sold. Some 70 people lost their jobs.

Abbey Caskets
Abbey Caskets is a work of Saint Meinrad Archabbey. Founded in 1999, Abbey Caskets offers handcrafted wooden caskets and cremation urns directly to the public. The caskets and cremation urns are made from solid hardwoods, in the choice of poplar, cherry, walnut and oak. The Monastic Abbey Casket is designed after the caskets used by the monks of Saint Meinrad. Abbey Caskets also offers a more conventional casket, the Traditional Abbey Casket. Abbey Woodworking was also created, as a division of Abbey Caskets, that offers custom religious-themed furniture. All proceeds from the sales support Saint Meinrad Archabbey and the Seminary and School of Theology.

title: Saint Meinrad Archabbey


text:
Super Ninja Boy

Super Ninja Boy is an action role-playing game released for the Super NES. It features random encounters with side-scrolling battles, although some boss battles are fought with a traditional menu-based system. There are also a few platforming sections.

In single-player mode, the main character is Jack. The game can be switched between single player and multiplayer at will, with the second player controlling Ryu. Jack and Ryu share statistics, so one character never overpowers the other.

Super Ninja Boy features a password system to record progress.

It is a sequel to Culture Brain's previous title, Little Ninja Brothers for the NES and contains a few cameos from other Culture Brain's games.

Gameplay
Super Ninja Boy combines classic role-playing video game elements with action game elements. The player controls the main character Jack (or two players can control both Jack and Ryu) and randomly encounters enemies on the world map and in dungeons. In side-scrolling battles, the player can jump, punch, throw enemies, use items like shurikens or techniques such as the super jump or fireball. Battles take place in a beat'em up style and end after a specific number of enemies are killed (no matter how many are still remaining on screen). Boss battles are fought in a turn-based RPG style, using the same items and skills as normally.

There are also some 2D platform areas, which play the same as the normal battles without depth (the player can only go right or left).

title: Super Ninja Boy


text:
Category:Israeli criminals

Israeli criminals are Israeli citizens or permanent residents who have been convicted of crime by an independent court of justice.

title: Category:Israeli criminals


text:
Passi

Passi is a hip hop artist who became famous in the mid-1990s with the group Ministère AMER, which included himself and Stomy Bugsy. He is most widely known, however, as a solo artist, as well as a participant in many other groups, such as Bisso Na Bisso and Dis l'heure 2 zouk.

Biography
Passi was born on 21 December 1972, in Brazzaville, Congo. In 1979, his family moved to Sarcelles, a suburb of Paris. He graduated from lycée and created the band Ministère AMER with Stomy Bugsy, who he had gone to school with. The group's first album, Pourquoi tant de haine?, was released in 1992, and Passi was forced to end his agronomy studies at the University of Paris (Nanterre) to be able to focus on music. Ministère AMER followed up with "95200" which was released in 1994.

Passi's first solo album, Les tentations, was released in 1997, and it sold 450,000 copies. The project Bisso na Bisso (meaning 'Just between ourselves' in Lingala, Congo's most widely spoken language), was a collective of French hip hop artists with African origins. It included names such as Ärsenik, and he released their album Racines in 1999. That same year, Passi released his second solo album, Genèse.

In 2002, Passi was asked to create the anthem for the African Nations Cup football competition together with Congolese singer Papa Wemba. The two eventually managed to attract into the project such names as Youssou N'Dour and Cheb Mami. Passi's third album, Odyssée, came out in 2004.

Passi is also known as the artist whose song, "Il fait chaud" ("It's hot"), was featured in the last episode in the television show, Sex and the City. The song was not credited at the end of the show, leaving many viewers to call the song simply "The French Rap".

Passi appeared in the sixth episode of The Amazing Race 27 in 2015, in which teams were required to perform one of his songs, "79 à 99", as part of a Detour challenge.

Ministère A.M.E.R

 * 1992 : Ministère AMER - Pourquoi Tant de Haine
 * 1994 : Ministère AMER - 95200

Solo

 * 1997 : Les Tentations
 * 2001 : Genèse
 * 2004 : Odyssée
 * 2007 : Révolution
 * 2007 : Évolution

Bisso Na Bisso

 * 1998 : Bisso Na Bisso - Racines
 * 1999 : Bisso Na Bisso - Le 15 mai 1999 (live)

Dis l'heure 2 zouk (as producer)

 * 2002 : Dis l'heure 2 Rimes
 * 2003 : Dis l'heure 2 Zouk
 * 2004 : Dis l'heure 2 Ragga Dancehall
 * 2005 : Dis L'Heure 2 Afro Zouk vol.1
 * 2006 : Dis L'heure 2 Hip Hop/Rock

title: Passi


text:
Talk:IHOP (disambiguation)

The current text on the page sounds like it was copy+pasted from somewhere, and, well, it was. http://biowww.net/detail-914.html I'm not sure how to handle this, but I thought I should point that out. --LostLeviathan 06:46, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That's a copyright violation, which I've removed. When you find other examples of this, replacing the text with  works.  --User:Merovingian (t) (c) 06:49, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:IHOP (disambiguation)


text:
User:JohnArmagh/Monastic houses - Ireland

County Londonderry
Derry: possible Franciscan Friary, traditionally in Waterside and Ardmore area

County Clare
The following supposed foundation in Co. Clare is prob. a confusion of other sites in Ireland:-

Inchmore Abbey: (fd. by St Senan): An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland:

County Monaghan
Clones 'Abbey': a ruined non-monastic church (NM)


text:
Monroe Lake

Monroe Lake is a reservoir located about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Bloomington, Indiana, United States. The lake is the largest entirely situated in Indiana with 10,750 acre of water surface area spread over the counties of Monroe and Brown. Capacity varies from 292 GL to 428 GL depending on water level. It is also home to 13,202 acre of protected forest and three recreational areas (Fairfax, Hardin Ridge, and Paynetown). Indiana's only federally protected U.S. Wilderness Area, the 13000 acre Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area, is located on the south shore. The lake's watershed is 441 square miles, 82% of which is forested or farmland. The pool elevation (above sea level) is about 538 ft year-round. During colder winters, limited ice fishing is available on protected backwater portions of the reservoir.

Ransburg Scout Reservation, a large Boy Scout camp comprising over 624 acres, is situated along the eastern shore with a private dock system in Siscoe Bay (also known as Boy Scout Bay). The largest marina situated on the lake is the Fourwinds Resort and Marina with over 800 boats. The reservoir provides abundant fishing throughout the year, and recreational opportunities such as boating and water skiing attract visitors from throughout Indiana and the Midwest.

Construction
Construction on the lake began in 1960 and was finished in 1965 at a cost of $16.5 million. Salt Creek was dammed south of Bloomington, Indiana and the reservoir fills the valley to the northeast of the dam extending into adjacent Brown County. It was thought that Elkinsville, a town in southern Brown County, had to be abandoned due to the path of the backwaters. Therefore, the town was acquired through the power of eminent domain. Later, this was found not to be necessary; the result of a mistake in elevation estimates. The lake was designed as a primary water source for the City of Bloomington and to prevent flood damage downstream. The lake was created and is still managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District.

title: Monroe Lake


text:
Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia

Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia, known for sponsorship reasons as the Gewiss Stadium since July 2019 and as Stadio di Bergamo in UEFA competitions, is a stadium in Bergamo, Italy. It is the home of club Atalanta and has a capacity of 21,000 seats. The field is 120 m long and 70 m wide. Atalanta has owned the stadium since 2017, having purchased it from the comune.

Atalanta's youth team also sometimes plays competitive matches at the Gewiss Stadium, most recently the Supercoppa Primavera in 2021. The stadium in Bergamo has also been used as a home ground by local club AlbinoLeffe from 2003 to 2019 (when it moved to Gorgonzola)—a period during which AlbinoLeffe spent nine years in Serie B and met Atalanta on several occasions —and for various matches of the Italy national team.

Early years
With the growth of football in the 1920s, Atalanta needed a new stadium with considerably larger capacity than its previous grounds. The new stadium was constructed on Viale Margherita (now Viale Giulio Cesare), replacing a hippodrome that once occupied the site. Construction of the new stadium took one year; it opened in 1928 and cost 3.5 million lire. The stadium was named after fascist Mario Brumana; this was common naming practice in fascist Italy. The Brumana stadium was much larger than the Clementina field, having a seated capacity of 12,000 spectators in two tribune (side stands) and a larger field measuring 110 by; it also featured a running track, as it was planned to form part of a larger complex. On 1 November 1928, Atalanta played its first unofficial match at the stadium (a 4–2 victory against Triestina); the stadium was then officially inaugurated on 23 December 1928, when Atalanta defeated La Dominante Genova 2–0 in front of over 14,000 spectators.

After World War II, the stadium was renamed the Stadio Comunale ("Municipal Stadium"), as fascism no longer existed in Italy. Expansion of the stadium began in the years following the war: the construction of a south stand (the Curva Sud) began in 1949, and a second stand at the north end (the Curva Nord) followed during the 1960s, opening in 1971. Later, in 1984, the running track was removed in order to expand the stadium's capacity upon Atalanta's return to Serie A after five years. The club's first match in the 1984–85 Serie A, a 1–1 draw against Inter, had an attendance of over 43,000 spectators, a record attendance for the Stadio Comunale.

Modernization projects
The Tribuna Giulio Cesare underwent modernization during the early 1990s, and the stadium was renamed the Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia ("Blue Athletes of Italy") in 1994. In 1997, following the death of 22-year-old forward Federico Pisani in a car accident, the Curva Nord was nicknamed the Curva Pisani in his honor. Similarly, the Curva Sud was nicknamed the Curva Morosini in 2012 to posthumously honor 25-year-old youth academy player Piermario Morosini, who died following collapse on the field during a Serie B match between Pescara and Livorno. In 2015, the stadium also expanded its side stands to offer pitchside views only several meters (feet) from the benches, a revolutionary feature of Italian stadiums at the time. This phase of improvements also included improved bench facilities for players and the introduction of luxury boxes atop the grandstand. New seating areas for disabled spectators were also added. At the same time, the press box has been lowered and moved towards the pitch. These improvements came with a reduction in overall capacity by around 3,000 seats. The club paid €2.6 million for the first phase of redevelopment.

On 10 May 2017, Atalanta announced the acquisition of the stadium from the comune for 8.6 million euros, becoming one of only four Serie A clubs to own its home stadium. This acquisition allowed the club to authorize a renovation project for the stadium, for like many Italian stadiums, much of its structure and facilities were considered outdated. This renovation project was also necessary to upgrade the stadium to meet UEFA standards for hosting matches in UEFA competitions. Because the stadium was not ready at the time, Atalanta had to play its Europa League home matches at the Mapei Stadium in Reggio Emilia and its Champions League home matches in its debut season at San Siro in Milan. Despite not playing in Bergamo, though thanks to the additional capacity of San Siro, Atalanta recorded its record home attendance of 44,236 during a Champions League knockout stage match against Valencia on 19 February 2020.

Following a sponsorship agreement with electronics company Gewiss lasting at least until 2025, the stadium was renamed the Gewiss Stadium on 1 July 2019. On 30 April 2019, a new phase of renovations began with the demolition of the Curva Nord "Federico Pisani" (North Stand). On 6 October 2019, the renovated Curva Nord was inaugurated for Atalanta's home match against Lecce; it has covered seating for over 9,000 spectators. A year later, both side stands underwent modernization and the Curva Sud had temporary seats installed on the concrete. These upgrades allowed Atalanta to play its Champions League matches in Bergamo starting in the 2020–21 season. The final phase will feature a rebuilt Curva Sud (mirroring the rebuilt Curva Nord), which will increase the stadium's capacity to about 25,000, as well as construction of a new underground parking garage and other improvements to the stadium's surroundings. It was originally expected to be completed in 2021, though was delayed until February or March 2022; the start of construction was then further delayed to spring 2024, with expected completion in August of that year. Atalanta will still be able to play its home matches at the Gewiss Stadium during construction.

International matches
The Gewiss Stadium has also hosted various international matches, though was not selected as a venue in any of the international tournaments hosted by Italy. The Italy national team's most recent match at the Gewiss Stadium was a 1–1 draw with the Netherlands in the UEFA Nations League on 14 October 2020. Prior to this, Italy had not played an international match in Bergamo since 2006; renovations to the stadium in 2019–2020 brought it up to UEFA standards. This match was played in Bergamo as a homage to the city, as it was an early epicenter during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Awards
The Gewiss Stadium received the Most Valuable Field award during the Serie A Awards in 2023.

title: Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia


text: User talk:216.206.242.200

title: User talk:216.206.242.200


text:
Talk:Arsine

Chemical Structure
I did a picture for the info table, but don't understand the code the table was made with. If someone could post it the picture is: Image:Phosphine_structure.gif

 * Hey, can you revise that figure and put it up for stibine, which I have also been working on in addition to the AsH3 thing? the previous fig had planar molecule.  Key data: H-Sb-H < = 91.7° and Sb-H distances of 1.707A.  (note how the H-E-H angles approach 90 as one decends).  Also while you are there, can you put in the Angstrom symbol in the text, I dont know how to do that.  Thanks,  --Smokefoot 01:02, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Datapage
The data page is nearly empty? Why have one at all?Stone 22:32, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It's not policy that it should be nearly empty ;) feel free to add any data you can find. The data pages exist to try to keep the length of the main tables down to reasonable proportions. Physchim62 (talk) 23:02, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Pyrophoric... I think it is...
http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AR/arsine.html

I'm not going to argue with the guys who wrote this... the people at the PTCL know what they're talking about.

I have 15 years experience working with arsine and it is not pyrophoric that I have ever heard of or witnessed. Phosphine is arsine is not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.253.245.126 (talk) 17:01, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

 * The CRC Handbook (89th Edition, Section 16, page 4) says AsH3 is pyrophoric: http://www.hbcpnetbase.com//articles/16_01_86.pdf. So we'll go with that unless a better source is available. Anecdotes are not acceptable as sources of information for Wikipedia articles!

 * Ben (talk) 19:49, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

This article seems to contradict itself
In the opening paragraph, it states that at concentration of 0.5 ppm, "it is possible to smell a slight, garlic-like scent". In the Chemical warfare applications section the article claims that arsine is LETHAL "in concentrations far lower than those required to smell its garlic-like scent." but the Toxicology section contradicts this by stating that although symptoms of Arsine poisoning manifest themselves at around 0.5 ppm, the lethal concentrations for both acute and chronic exposure are much higher : "Exposure to arsine concentrations of 250 ppm is rapidly fatal: concentrations of 25–30 ppm are fatal for 30 min exposure, and concentrations of 10 ppm can be fatal at longer exposure times. Symptoms of poisoning appear after exposure to concentrations of 0.5 ppm." Someone please see to this ASAP. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.79.41.152 (talk) 20:41, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The apparent contradiction arises, probably, from the duration of the exposure. One can get a whiff of arsne without dying, but prolonged exposure is more problematic for the smeller.  The second problem is that the Wikipedia safety sections are often filled in by kids who can transcribe alarmist data on toxicity and hazards, but dont look for consistency, as you are.--Smokefoot 21:44, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hahaha, well put. -- 70.79.41.152 03:53, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

IUPAC name "Arsane" in infobox?
The infobox says that the IUPAC name is Arsane, however arsane is a red link. I guess that the IUPAC name really is arsine, but am not certain enough to change it. 87.114.132.237 (talk) 01:35, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

AsH3 is sometimes refered to as Arsane (e.g. Pitzalis et al., Chemical vapor generation of arsane in the presence of L-cysteine. Mechanistic studies and their analytical feedback, Analytical Chemistry 79 (16), 6324-6333, 2007) but most often as arsine. Arsine would probably be better. 138.250.27.43 (talk) 15:31, 9 January 2008 (UTC)regards,Ritchie

It may be interesting to note that the most likely place an ordinary citizen would encounter arsine is when large banks of lead acid accumulator batteries are charging. I used to be around large submarine batteries on charge and the smell is quite unique. I believe it was a result of the charging process. I believe this is correct - though it may have been stibine producing the odour. Most likely is that both arsine and stibine contribute to the characteristic smell. It is unnoticable when charging small everyday accumulators. Phil Scrutinator (talk) 00:08, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Gutzeit test obsolete?
Under the Gutzeit test it says now obsolete. A modification of this technique which is considered as 'based on the Gutzeit test' is used for in-the-field measurement of arsenic in drinking water. The Arsenator produced by Wagtech is a good example (www.wagtech.co.uk/ShowProduct.php?catid=3&productid=9). A report by UNICEF (2006) (on the same web page) says the technique is excellent. Given UNICEF's involvement with the millions of people at risk of high As in drinking water in Bangladesh and West Bengal - this technique should be anything but obselete. 138.250.27.43 (talk) 15:35, 9 January 2008 (UTC)regards, Ritchie

Hi Ritchie, if you feel the article text should be changed accordingly please feel free to do so by changing the article, just make sure you get yourself a user account and do not forget to add the citation. V8rik (talk) 17:43, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Citations needed
The toxicology section is largely unreferenced. I don't doubt the lethality of Arsine, but when your making claims about the lethal dosage of a substance, it really needs to be backed up with a source. I'm going to go back. There is a lack in-line citation in other sections as well which I'll mark. Again, I don't doubt that the article is factually correct, but for Wiki's sake they need to be backed up. --Pstanton (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Erroneous entropy
It would seem that the quoted entropy value for the formation is off by 1000. kJ --> J please.

External links modified
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General Properties
Following reference "INFR", "L'action simultanée de l'humidité et de la lumière ou la présence de certains catalyseurs, notamment l'alumine, favorise la décomposition du produit." - In french, "l-alumine" refers to alumina here, while "l-aluminium" (also used in the same article later on) refers to aluminium.

I checked the date where the info was added (6 Sep 2006, Rev ID: 74102347), and the only article I have found citing this is the article (correctly cited) above. However, there are now many sources that include this piece of information as "aluminium", which were all created or published after this piece of information was written on Wikipedia, and bear striking semblance to the Wiki page in terms of phrasing. I believe that they must have taken the erroneous translation on the Wikipedia page as well, so I'm not certain that they can be trusted.

I've changed it from "aluminium" to "alumina" (aluminium oxide), though I can't seem to find any bibliography (including the original) that expands on the point about it being notable. My only guess is its common use in removing arsine? --Tcinfinity (talk) 17:45, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

Similarly, the missing sources are hard to find (technically they should be dated before Sep 2006). I've included some citations for sources that correspond to the date where citation was requested, but they may not be the original citation that is free from influence of the current information on the wiki page. Feel free to edit or ping me if any further updates are needed.

I am able to find citations for "This compound is generally regarded as stable, since its decomposition into arsenic and hydrogen at room temperature takes place very slowly, unless a temperature of 230 °C is reached." (originally written in the referenced old 2006-state article above), but not for its "rapid" decomposition (which seems to have been added in rev 147577322). --Tcinfinity (talk) 02:27, 8 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arsine


text:
Talk:Snake (zodiac)

celebrity list
I find the "list of people born under the year of the Snake", in this article, really redundant. After all, since there are 12 kinds of years in the Chinese zodiac, exactly 1/12 of all people ever born were born on this year. If there are 120,000 articles on people in Wikipedia (and I'm just making this number up), we'll have here a list of 10,000 people! Even if you limit this list to "really famous people" (and who determines that?) you'll still have hundreds or even thousands of names on the list.

Therefore, I'd recommend removing this list altogether from this article (and from similar zodiac articles). If this functionality is still desired, how about the following idea: end this article with a list of links to year categories, like Category:1948 births (see link below) Category:1948 births? There's only a limited number of those links (8 per century), and this list will be far more exhaustive.

Nyh 06:54, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

--Why, the same logic could be applied to Western astrology. Since there are 12 MONTHS, it should follow that "exactly 1/12 of all people ever born were born [i]n this" or that MONTH (ignoring that the Chinese year and the astrological sign don't correspond exactly to the Western year and month). However, that's all just ideal probability, and it is interesting to see which acclaimed people you might have something in common with.--

After waiting in vain for several months for comments, I decided to go ahead, be bold and delete the celebrity list. If someone doesn't agree with me, maybe it's time they explain why on this talk page, and hopefully tell me what criterion is used on which celebrity of the thousands out there should be listed here?

Nyh 22:18, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Someone (anonymous) added a celebrity list again, and I deleted it again for the same reasons as above. If someone really thinks we need a celebrity list, please, answer my concerns on this talk page. And please explain what criteria you used to choose the celebrities to list. Nyh 07:41, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I do think it would be a good idea to have a celebrities list, all of the other animals' pages (except for the Pig's) have celebrity lists that are not too long (about 20 - 30 people.) However, I do recognize your concerns, Nyh, and I think the category lists sound like a good, workable compromise that would, yes, be more exaustive and probably more convienient than just a regular list.  - Square pear 01:13, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Square pear, I don't understand what you mean. You mean that it's good to have people listed, but as long as there are just 20-30? But what should we do as people add more and more "celebrities" to this list? Like I said, there must be 10,000 people to list there (or perhaps just a few hundreds if you limit yourself to "really famous" people). If we want to limit ourselves to 20-30, it's fine, but we need to define how. And I don't see anyone suggesting any definition. If we just list 20 random people out of 10,000, frankly, I can't see the point. What can anyone do with such a partial list? Nyh
 * I'm sorry, I'll clarify. I meant that a short celebrity list would be acceptable but considering the difficulty in deciding who should be on the list, it would be better to go ahead use the year categories that you suggested above instead. I would have gone ahead and done myself but I am still new to Wikipedia still and am not sure how do that. - Square pear 00:40, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Someone add a celebrity list yet again, and sure enough, as soon as the "Celebrities born on the year of the Snake" heading appeared, vandals started to add stuff like their teachers name to the list. PLEASE, I'm not saying that I have any sort of right to make the decisions here, but how hard is it to just reply here and say why you think this list should be on this page, and what were your criteria for deciding who should be listed, and who shouldn't? Nyh 06:51, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

-- I saw the Snake page was blank in early March, and added a few names there as well as to some of the other signs. I came back the next day and discovered someone else had added a few really helpful new entries. (I, too, noticed the teacher name had been added; whether it was added by the person who followed up on my list, I don't know. I figured it was some culturally influential--albeit esoteric--identity that I didn't know about (the link popped red as well).)

Coming onto this site, I'm also aware of some dialogue that's been in play concerning whether celebrities names should be on these pages at all. (1.) I will submit that "celebrities" or "well known figures" is the only way to communicate a common denominator; the concept of "celebrity" is, in the sense of identity, a lingua franca--that population more than likely to be known by a wider audience. (2.) As to who should be included, I would suggest that the personality (of anyone added to the list) must be readily apparent, must come through with a more easily sensed association to that sign. So far, these do. (For example, while their personalities are probably undeniably known to those close to them, I anticipate no one's going to be submitting too many newscast anchors, baseball players, doctors, etc.). (3.) The list belongs because it's helpful to compare a real-life personality with the archetype definition.

I also believe that content shouldn't be removed wholesale without first reconciling the issue in discussion.

-- this unsigned comment by: User:70.22.176.146

 * Hi anonymous editor. I obviously know what a celebrity is. The problem is, as I stated above, there are simply too many of them. For whatever definition of "celbrities", if there are 1,000 of them then this page will list 1/12th of them, i.e., nearly 100 people. This sort of huge list will not be informational or helpful one bit. Your assumption is that once you added the 20 people that you personally found interesting (a few US presidents, and some other people - I have do admit I never even heard about a few of them), people will not come in and add many more "newscast anchors, baseball players, etc.". I think this assumption is probably very wrong - when somebody sees a list with his favorite singer not on it, his country's president not on it, or even his teacher (!) not on it, they will go ahead and add it. In fact, the reason I wanted to remove this list in the first place - and did it again now - was exactly because people constantly modified this section adding their favorite "celebrities" (often quite obscure ones) and sometimes even non-celbritiies like specific teachers. The celebrity list became the center of this article, instead of some small section to illustrate it. Nyh 08:54, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

-- The assumption is based on the observable fact that over time that hasn't happened. No one has contributed to expand the list to a gross of anywhere more than a few dozen, and I believe contributors are smart enough to realize that any more would dilute the impact of having a list. Every eastern astrology book on a store shelf has a list of examples; I'm not an uncritical conformist, but I don't see why a web page should be different in this respect. Those that understand that both personological features and facial characteristics comport with the archetypal definitions of the signs, and see immediate similarities--wouldn't feel short-shrifted by the inclusion of 40 names or less, and those that don't wouldn't care. List aside, there isn't a lot of content left on the page to compensate for razing of what little there is. This is a community exercise.

 * Exactly what I predicted happened. Look at this article, and at Pig (zodiac), for example. They now list dozens of "celebrities", many of them I never even heard of (scottish botanist? french composer? chinese warrior? graffiti artist? executive???). And look at the edit history of, say, Pig (zodiac) - every few days someone comes in and adds more of these silly (non-)celebrities to the list. Nyh 07:21, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

I suggest that either for fairness' sake, you go delete every celebrity list (hey, nobody can stop you), or you do the same amount of research for people born in the year of the Pig (perhaps not incidentally the sign opposing the Snake). Initially you complained that the list would have to include 10,000s of people, and now it's closer to that than it ever was. Since I haven't seen you complain about the celebrity lists for other signs, I imagine you simply can't take it that someone born in the year of the Snake could achieve something. Besides, these lists are primarily for purposes of entertainment (or perhaps encourage people to learn something about others they might have something remote in common with).

 * Hi anynymous editor. I know it must sound weird I only objected to the lists in the Pig and Snake entries. The truth is, I have absolutely no opinion on either of these signs. To tell the truth, I don't really know anything about these signs, or even on which sign I myself was born. I have no agenda to defame certain signs or anything... I just ran across this page by random (I often surf Wikipedia by random, to see what I come up with, and if I can contribute to it), and found room for improvement. I found the "celebrity list" not only useless to understand the meaning of these two signs, but even ridiculous - because people were adding, every few days, their favorite obscure non-celebrities to this list. When I first came across the Pig and Snake pages, they (and all the other Chinese zodiac pages) were filled with a very long list of non-celebrities, at least 50% of which I never even heard of. I warned about this situation in both pages, and the only reason I didn't do it for all 12 signs was because I wanted to wait and see what sort of discussion ensues, and I didn't want to repeat it 12 times. After half a year was passed, and nobody bothered to discuss this issue, I decided to be bold and remove this section myself. A month later, someone returned a list to both pages, and ever since the lists continue to grow, and grow, and grow. I don't want an edit war, so all I'm doing now is writing here how I still think these lists are futile - they'll never be complete (a complete list will have 10,000 people on it), they'll never be representative (everyone will add his favorite people, not "representative" people), and frankly, it's very hard to even make sure they're correct. So instead of having an article where 90% of it is an incomplete, unrepresentative, and potentially inaccurate list, I thought it's better not to have this list at all. Or, perhaps we should have separate articles for these lists? Nyh 08:15, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

You can feel free to point out the inaccurate ones--I agree those should be (re)moved. If your info is correct and you're 31, you were either born 1975 or 1974, making you a Wood Tiger or Wood Rabbit. Just because you don't know somebody, doesn't mean they haven't contributed anything significant to the world! You yourself admit not understanding Chinese astrology, so why bother arguing with this vague metaphysical pseudo-science? Seriously, though, how can something so harmless be so offensive to you?

Split
I vote for making a new article, List of Celebrities Sign (chinese zodiac) - with a list of famous persons of all signs (separeted by sign/element), something like the List of games Daniel Leite 04:25, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Since no one protested and I agree with you, I boldly went ahead and created the Category Category:List_of_Celebrities_(Chinese_Zodiac) and the subcategories for each sign. I'm currently adding the categories to the current Year of the Dog celebrities (I will remove the section afterwards, replacing it with a link).
 * Now, it would be great if you and all the other regulars (Maestro, VeronicaPR, IrishPearl etc.) would each take a Zodiac Sign and do the same, since it would take ages to do this alone. Teshik 12:38, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Split contested, candidate for deletion
Hrmpf. In the very minute I finally got the Dog article finished, the new categories were put up into the Deletion candidates. Go here for details, and please tell if you want the categories kept, deleted, or if you got another suggestion entirely. I've stopped editing for now. Teshik 14:59, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Misc
I thought I should mention that there's apparently a rather indignant Snake-born who vandalized the Dragon description and edited the Snake article to read "It is widely accepted that Snake is way better than Dragon." I've reverted his/her edits. --Jitterro 05:16, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Isn't Cancer the western equivalent to the Snake? Both tend to hide their intentions, both are said to have extremely complex natures, both boast a superior sense of charisma and elegance, and both can not take advice. -K

Taurus is. 72.24.87.83 20:09, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

who put th four sitation tags near the top?
have the statements in question been discussed? has the tagger been back? k zz* 20:12, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Chinese Character
I thought the Chinese symbol for 'Year of the Snake' was 巳, as apposed to 蛇, which just means 'Snake'. I could be wrong though. Could somebody please verify which is correct. Sadako No Deshi 18:56, 18 July 2006 (BST)

 * I'm sorry, but you're thinking of something that isn't much used. I'm not sure where you are getting these ideas but in chinese we are using 蛇 for the year of the Snake all the time. If you do a google search I'm sure you will see what I mean. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.128.234.186 (talk) 21:41, 10 February 2007 (UTC).
 * According to the Chinese and Japanese Wikipedia pages linked from the page, you would be wrong. Updating the character to match usage in Chinese and Japanese page. Ice-Wolf 04:12, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Occupations
What, exactly, are ideal occupations for those born in the year of the Snake?

-Snakes are so intelligent and irresistable, they'll likely succeed at anything they please. Tradition has it they excell as psychologists, philosophers or entreperneurs, but they really blow the competition away in politics, natural sciences and as beauty icons (the females in particular). Hope that helps.

INACCURACY!
Thomas Paine is listed as a Snake, but he was born two days before the start of the Snake year. He is, in fact, a Dragon.

Change it then

Augustus a Snake?
Was Augustus really a Snake? He was born in the year 63 bc and I can't find anywhere that says 63 bc was the year of the Snake. This site indicates he would be a Horse: http://www.yutopian.com/search/search.html —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Bosghost (talk • contribs) 06:20, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

You MUST steal this glory from the us Snakes, eh!

Can't you do any math? If you know that a certain sign will repeat itself after 12 years, and more specifically, its elemental will repeat after 60 years (60/12 = 5, so five elementals), you can take any year you're unsure of and add 60 years until your numbers align with a chart. In this case 63 BC counts as (-63). (-63) + 60 = (-3). Not so helpful yet, but given that 0 was a Monkey year, you could count three signs back and find it was Snake. Add 60 again and you get 57 which you know is either a Fire Ox, Snake or Rooster year, but we'll have to keep adding 60 to align with our charts. To cut a long story short add 60 34 times, (-63) + 60*34 = 1977, a Fire Snake year according to our charts. We also know that Augustus' birthday was September 23, so we don't have to deal with discrepencies between Western and Chinese New Year dates. Thus we conclude Augustus was a Fire Snake.

remove list of people
Do not reply here; go to centralized discussion at Talk:Rat (zodiac). — coe l acan — 18:19, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Colour
isnt red-green YELLOW —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.106.144.28 (talk) 12:02, August 27, 2007 (UTC)

Sokdara Dara sok (talk) 05:52, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

"Equivalency" and "obviousness"

 * I reverted. The reason is that "obviously" is not a good reason to change. This entire article is unreferenced, and I added the specific fact tag to the "Western Sign" issue.
 * For reference, the Snake "traits" are:
 * Positive Traits Wise, profound, clever, logical, intelligent, creative, compassionate, discreet, highly-organized, honorable
 * Negative Traits Judgmental; critical thinker, anxious, calculating, indifferent, intense, fussy
 * and the Taurus "traits" are:
 * positive: disciplined • hard-working • good sense of humor • prudent, great work-ethic • artistic [6] • loving • creative, romantic [6] • sensual [6] • Very sexual • attentive, comforting • strong • steady• shy, • cautious • harmonious • trustworthy, calm• tenacious • stable • resourceful • easygoing • careful [6]• dependable, honest• conservative [6]• determined [6]• loyal [6], protective [6]• practical [6]
 * negative: controlling, stubborn [6], hyper-sensitive, gets stuck in ruts, little to say, resentful, moody, horrible temper, possessive, overindulgent [6], Jealous, overly self-conscious, rigid [6]
 * I don't really know what my point in putting them here is, because eve if it is "obvious" that they are or are not equivalent is irrelevant. Wikipedia is about verifiability, not truth. (Though we generally hope that the two are the same). (For that matter, can a year-long Chinese sign really be "equivalent" to a lunar-year / monthly western sign anyway...?
 * Let's work at getting this article referenced, eh?   • VigilancePrime   •    •    •  18:34 (UTC)  24 Feb '08

Critical thinking
I removed the word thinking from this phrase since "critical thinking" is usually seen as a positive as shown by wikipedia's own page on critical thinking. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.28.201.63 (talk) 07:37, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

WTF ?!
Every organization needs the wisdom and charisma of the Snake to survive and to beat out the global competition. In many ancient cultures, because of these divine qualities, Snakes are worshipped as gods, instead of being in positions of power. Under these wrong conditions, the organization may become powerful but demonic as the sign of the Snake is the ultimate sign of evil. To ensure corporate success, always place Snakes in the highest positions of powers and follow their advice or recommendations but never worship them, treating them as equals, in order to experience prosperity and blessings, failing which the organization will become demonic. Who writes this shit ? Really. Is it at least referred ? Iulian28ti (talk) 12:46, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Doh, anyway, i'm gonna remove it. It's POV.Iulian28ti (talk) 17:31, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

No, seriously WTF?
I couldn't believe the bullcrap that was on this page, so I took it all out and wrote in an accurate description of the Snake character. This made me laugh the most:

 * "The only sign that can possibly overcome the Snake is the mythical sign of the Dragon with its superhuman benevolence and love. Persons born under the sign of the Snake are the most powerful in the year of the Ox."

Yes, the Snake is one of six Power signs, but Chinese tradition saus it is the lowest ranking of the six. The Rat is the highest ranking, followed by the Ox, then Dragon, Tiger, Monkey comes next, and last comes the Snake.

In a nutshell, Snakes are diplomatic, caring, empathetic, decisive, and they're usually good judges of character. They enjoy the finer things in life and are usually quite attractive and romantic. On the negative side, they can be jealous, possessive, and suspicious. They are also known to be a bit dramatic, tending to exaggerate things.

Chinese tradition and belief does not place the sign of the Snake anywhere near where a sign like the Dragon or Rat are placed. Whether by coincidence or not, the world's greatest leaders (tyrants or not), revolutionaries, composers, scientists, etc were born under the six Power signs. Looking back at the worlds most famous or infamous leaders, revolutionaries, composers, scientists, writers, etc, you would see that the vast majority were born under a Power sign. A quick survey done of 25 random famous people who had great influence or changed the world in some way, came out with a result of 21 born under a Power sign, and 4 born under a Romance sign (Rabbit, Horse, Goat, Rooster, Dog and Pig). The majority of the 21 in the Power group was the Rat (with 9) and the majority within the Romance group was the Rooster (2). On a side note, there were more Rat American presidents than any other sign.

A list:

 * Rats
 * Hatshepsut
 * Constantine the Great
 * Jawaharlal Nehru
 * Adolf Hitler
 * Empress Dowager Cixi
 * Alexander the Great
 * Heinrich Himmler
 * Richard Nixon
 * Ruhollah Khomeini
 * Plato
 * Mary I of England ('Bloody Mary')
 * Hillary Rodham Clinton
 * John McCain
 * Tigranes the Great
 * Timur (also 'Tamerlane the Great')
 * Idi Amin
 * Hannibal
 * Queen Cleopatra of Egypt
 * Ashoka the Great
 * Emperor Diocletian
 * Kim Il Sung
 * Emperor Trajan
 * William Shakespeare
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 * Qin Shi Huang
 * Galileo Galilei
 * Asparukh of Bulgaria
 * Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 * Yongle Emperor
 * Peter the Great
 * Robert Mugabe
 * George Washington
 * Stephen III of Moldavia
 * António de Oliveira Salazar
 * Álvaro Cunhal
 * Tomás de Torquemada

 * Dragons
 * Julius Caesar
 * Francisco Franco
 * Hermann Göring
 * Emperor Augustus
 * Emperor Caracalla
 * Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
 * Joan of Arc
 * William the Conquerer
 * Belisarius
 * Susan B. Anthony
 * Florence Nightingale
 * Vladimir Putin
 * Deng Xiaoping

 * Tigers
 * Louis XIV of France ('The Sun King')
 * Joseph Stalin
 * Ivan the Terrible
 * Muhammad (Prophet of Islam)
 * William III of England ('William III of Orange')
 * Admiral Horatio Nelson
 * Cai Lun (also 'T'sai Lun')
 * Ptolemy III Euergetes
 * Johannes Gutenberg
 * Jiang Qing
 * Ludwig van Beethoven
 * Attila the Hun
 * Maximilien Robespierre

 * Monkeys
 * Khalid ibn al-Walid
 * Hideki Tōjō
 * Emperor Caligula
 * Eleanor Roosevelt
 * Jane Addams
 * Aristotle
 * Euclid
 * Mencius
 * Cyrus the Great

 * Oxen
 * Saddam Hussein
 * Spartacus
 * Pol Pot
 * Emperor Marcus Aurelius
 * Diana, Princess of Wales
 * Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Madeleine Albright
 * Barack Obama
 * Margaret Thatcher
 * Emperor Hirohito

 * Snakes
 * Benazir Bhutto
 * Mao Zedong
 * Mahatma Gandhi
 * Abraham Lincoln
 * John F Kennedy
 * Emperor Vespasian
 * Indira Gandhi
 * Elizabeth I of England

I am pretty sure the Rat wins here hands down! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.57.23.21 (talk) 21:13, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Discovery
There's something interesting about Scorpio and the Snake (zodiac), because they seem so mystifying and empowering, must be the lineage to Ophucius and the relationship about the center of the Milky Way. --74.34.66.148 (talk) 18:06, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Elements
There are sources for these attributes about the Snake below me. --Mr.Goblins (talk) 20:57, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Traditional Snake attributes and associations
The available list of the meaning of the Snake and its similarity with the constellations, as well navigating to polaris.

Why has the lucky number 9 been removed?
I was wondering why the number nine has been removed from the list of lucky numbers. Is there are reason for this as it is in all other sources around the Internet? So, if nobody objects, I'll put it back soon. Ayeron (talk) 15:48, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Remove list of people, again
Please chime in at Talk:Rat_(zodiac) regarding removing the list of people from all Chinese zodiac articles. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 18:26, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

Ying and yang
is the snake Ying or yang? 2601:882:8180:9550:D421:D6AA:8624:BD4B (talk) 19:54, 2 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snake (zodiac)