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Kevin Cash

Kevin Forrest Cash (born December 6, 1977) is an American professional baseball manager and former player who is the manager of the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball (MLB). Previously, Cash played catcher in MLB for the Toronto Blue Jays, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros. As a player, Cash was listed at 6 ft and 200 lb; he batted and threw right-handed. He was the bullpen coach for the Cleveland Indians before being hired as the Rays' manager in December 2014. Cash was the American League Manager of the Year in 2020 and 2021, the first AL manager to win the award consecutively. Cash will enter the 2024 season as the longest-tenured manager in MLB.

Amateur career
Cash was a second baseman for Northside Little League in Tampa, Florida, on the team that reached the 1989 Little League World Series. He attended Gaither High School, but initially failed to make the Cowboys baseball team.

After graduating in 1996, he played college baseball for the Florida State Seminoles baseball team under head coach Mike Martin. While at Florida State, Cash started 148 games as an infielder. He batted .299 with a career on-base plus slugging (OPS) of .923. On February 26, 1998, he participated in the first-ever Tampa Bay Devil Rays game, an exhibition game against the Seminoles at Al Lang Field.

He also appeared in two College World Series (1998, 1999) for Florida State, including a second-place finish in 1999, when he was voted second-team All American at third base by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association (NCBWA). He was also named MVP of the Tallahassee Regional in the 1999 College World Series.

In the summer of 1999, he played for the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Cash volunteered to play catcher for Falmouth, and threw out two runners in his first inning behind the plate. He went on to earn league All-Star and team MVP honors.

Toronto Blue Jays
In August 1999, he signed with the Toronto Blue Jays as an undrafted free agent. Cash began his professional career with the Hagerstown Suns in the South Atlantic League. After primarily playing third base in college, he was told to learn how to catch. Cash was roommates with Josh Holliday. That year, he hit .245 with 10 home runs and 28 RBI in 59 games.

In 2001, Cash was a member of the Dunedin Blue Jays. His presence behind the plate, alongside Josh Phelps, led to Jayson Werth moving to the outfield that year. He Hit .283 with 12 homers in 105 games in High-A and threw out over 50 percent of base runners.

Cash was moved to Double-A for the 2002 season. During his time with the Tennessee Smokies, he hit .277 with eight home runs and a league-leading 44 RBI while also throwing out 42 percent of base runners. Cash was promoted to Triple-A in June. He hit .220 with 10 home runs and 26 RBI in 67 games for the Syracuse SkyChiefs, before getting called up to the majors in September. He made his major league debut on September 6 and collected his first hit on September 11.

Cash started the 2003 season back in Triple-A, where he hit .270 with eight home runs and 37 RBI in 93 games. He also participated in the All-Star Futures Game. On August 11, Cash was promoted to the majors. He hit his first major league home run on September 27.

In 2004, Cash was the starting catcher to begin the season until he went on the disabled list in May. He was then usurped by Gregg Zaun, who hit well in his absence. Cash ultimately hit .193 while throwing out 44 percent of base runners in 60 games that year.

Tampa Bay Devil Rays
On December 12, 2004, Cash was traded to the then-Tampa Bay Devil Rays for pitcher Chad Gaudin. He began the season on the disabled list with a shoulder injury, but returned to the majors in June and hit a home run on the first pitch of his first at-bat. He hit just .161 in 13 games and was optioned to Triple-A on July 22.

On April 5, 2006, Cash was designated for assignment by Tampa Bay. He cleared waivers and was outrighted to the Durham Bulls, where he spent the entire 2006 season.

Boston Red Sox
Cash signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox on January 24, 2007. He spent most of the season with the Pawtucket Red Sox, hitting .176 with seven home runs and 25 home runs in 59 games. On August 17, Red Sox backup catcher Doug Mirabelli pulled a calf muscle rounding third base in the first game of a doubleheader against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Cash was flown to Boston from Ottawa (where the Pawtucket Red Sox were playing the Ottawa Lynx) to catch in the nightcap of the doubleheader. He made it to Fenway Park after the game had started. He started the game on August 19 against the Angels. On September 7, Baltimore Orioles starter Daniel Cabrera threw a pitch near Dustin Pedroia's head. In the ensuing altercation, Cabrera and Cash, who was not playing, were ejected from the game.

The Red Sox re-signed Cash to a minor league deal before the 2008 season. When Doug Mirabelli was released during spring training, Cash became the team's choice for the backup catcher role. He acted as the personal catcher for knuckleball pitcher Tim Wakefield for the season. Cash initially wore uniform number 36, but switch to 30 when Paul Byrd joined the team in August.

That year, Cash was one of three catchers on the Red Sox postseason roster, alongside Jason Varitek and David Ross. He was used sparingly in the playoffs, making his only start in Game Four of the Championship Series, where he hit a home run in his first postseason at-bat. On December 12, 2008, Cash was non-tendered by the Red Sox, officially making him a free agent.

New York Yankees
On December 23, 2008, Cash signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees with an invitation to spring training. He began the 2009 season with the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees, but missed three weeks with a rotator cuff injury. On May 8, Cash was called up due to injuries to both Jorge Posada and José Molina. He was used alongside Francisco Cervelli as the team's catchers that month.

Cash was optioned back to Triple-A on May 29, once Posada returned from the disabled list. He was placed on the disabled list after undergoing surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff. He had appeared in 10 games with the Yankees, batting .231 with three RBIs. He was released on September 5.

Houston Astros
Before the 2010 season, Cash signed a minor league deal with the Houston Astros that included an invite to spring training. On May 5, Cash was called up to the Astros to replace a struggling J. R. Towles. He made his pitching debut on May 28 in a 15–6 blowout loss to the Cincinnati Reds. Cash allowed three hits and one run in the eight inning. He appeared in 20 games with Houston, batting .204 (11-for-54) with two home runs and four RBIs before he was designated for assignment on June 20. He was then outrighted to the minors.

Boston Red Sox (second stint)
On July 1, 2010, Cash was acquired by the Red Sox for infielder Ángel Sánchez, after Boston catcher Jason Varitek went on the disabled list. As the backup catcher for the Red Sox for part of the season, Cash appeared in 29 games, batting .133 (8-for-60) with one RBI. After the season, he was outrighted off the roster and became a free agent.

Texas Rangers
He signed a minor-league contract with the Texas Rangers on November 11, 2010. Cash played the entire 2011 season for their Triple-A affiliate, the Round Rock Express, hitting .244 in 85 games.

Post-playing career
On January 8, 2012, Cash announced his retirement as a player. He was announced as an advance scout for the Blue Jays during the 2012 season.

Coaching
Shortly after the 2012 season ended, Cash joined Terry Francona's staff with the Cleveland Indians as their bullpen coach. Cash played for Francona and bench coach Brad Mills during his stint with the Red Sox. Mills was also his manager with the Houston Astros in 2010. Cash recommended Yan Gomes to general manager Chris Antonetti before Cleveland acquired him. He returned for the 2014 season.

Managing
After the 2014 season, Cash was a finalist, alongside Jeff Bannister and Tim Bogar, for the Texas Rangers manager role. He was ultimately the runner-up to Bannister. On December 5, 2014, the Tampa Bay Rays hired Cash as their manager, succeeding Joe Maddon and becoming the youngest manager in the MLB. He was chosen over Royals bench coach Don Wakamatsu and Raul Ibanez. Cash's initial contract was for $5 million over five years.

In 2015, Cash had more replay challenges than any other MLB manager with 54, but also had the lowest success rate with 31.5%. He was also the only manager to have more than 10 challenges within the first two innings. His first ejection as a manager came on April 16, following an unsuccessful replay challenge. The Rays finished with an 82–80 record that year.

In June 2016, the Rays went through an 11-game losing streak. By mid-August Tampa Bay was 127–155 under Cash. Despite this, Rays owner Stuart Sternberg came out in support of his manager. Instead, the Rays fired hitting coach Derek Shelton on September 6. Cash greatly improved his success rate on replay challenges, becoming the 11th most successful manager with a 59.2% overturn rate in 2016. The Rays finished with a 68–94 record that year.

On July 2, 2017, Cash fractured his ankle while running. He managed the game that day and remained with the team. By August 30, the Rays were 214-244 under Cash, though he was still expected to return as manager. The Rays finished with an 80–82 record, a 12-win improvement over the 2016 season. Following the 2017 season, pitching coach Jim Hickey, bench coach Tom Foley, and assistant hitting coach Jamie Nelson left their positions. All three had been in place under Joe Maddon.

In 2018, Cash's Rays introduced the concept of the opener, a relief pitcher who would pitch to the first few batters of a game before giving way to a pitcher who can pitch for multiple innings. Tampa Bay first tried this new approach with Sergio Romo on May 19, and then again on May 22 and 23. By August, the team's openers had a combined 3.97 ERA against the 4.15 league average. Other MLB teams soon adopted the strategy. He also became known for his unorthodox substitutions. On June 26, Jose Alvarado pitched to a batter in the ninth inning, then moved to first base for an out, before returning to the mound to face the next hitter. Cash did it again on July 25, when he had Romo temporarily move to third base in the ninth inning. guided the Rays to a 90–72 record that year; however, Tampa Bay still missed the playoffs. On October 9, 2018, it was announced that the Rays had extended Cash through the 2024 season with an additional option year.

During the 2018 Winter Meetings in December, Cash told the media that the Rays would continue to deploy an opener in 2019. On April 7, 2019, he had left-hander Adam Kolarek temporarily play first base so he could stay in to pitch against two left-handed batters. On July 24, he orchestrated the same maneuver. Red Sox manager Alex Cora was so confused by the move that he went onto the field four different times to get clarification from the umpire; only one pitch was thrown over a 21-minute period. Boston completed the game under protest over concerns of illegal substitutions. The Rays clinched the American League Wild Card on September 27 and finished in second place in the AL East with a 96–66 record. Tampa Bay defeated the Oakland Athletics in the Wild Card Game then fell to the Astros in the Division Series. He was named American League Manager of the Year by Sporting News for leading a team with a $53 million payroll to a playoff berth.

On September 1, 2020, New York Yankees pitcher Aroldis Chapman threw a pitch that narrowly missed the head of Rays batter Mike Brosseau. After the game, Cash warned the Yankees that "I got a whole damn stable full of guys that throw 98 mph. Period." Cash received a one-game suspension for his comments. The 2020 Rays finished first in the AL East, and advanced to the 2020 World Series via playoff wins over the Toronto Blue Jays (2–0), Yankees (3–2), and Houston Astros (4–3). The Rays went on to lose the World Series to the Los Angeles Dodgers (4-2). In a controversial decision in game six, Cash removed starting pitcher and former Cy Young award winner Blake Snell from the game in the sixth inning while holding a 1–0 lead. Snell had only allowed two hits while striking out nine batters. While the move was typical of the season long strategy for the Rays, many were critical of the decision to bring in reliever Nick Anderson. A normally dominant Anderson may have been overworked, having pitched over 14 innings in the 2020 playoffs. Mookie Betts doubled with a runner on, setting up World Series MVP Corey Seager to drive in the go ahead runs. This move sparked controversy from many members of the media, fans, and some players, including Snell himself. Cash said after the game "I guess I regret it because it didn't work out. But I feel like the thought process was right... Every decision that's made, that end result has a pretty weighing factor in how you feel about it. If we had to do it over again, I would have the utmost confidence in Nick Anderson to get through that inning.". Cash was recognized with the American League (AL) Manager of the Year Award for his team's accomplishments.

On September 25, 2021, the Rays clinched their second straight division title. Cash said about the accomplishment "We've proven we're the best team in the American League for six months. Let's keep grinding, and let's do it for one more month and then see where we go.". In the 2021 American League Division Series, they faced the Boston Red Sox, who they had beaten eleven out of nineteen times that year. The Rays won the first game, but Boston won the next three, with back-to-back walk-off wins, to advance to the next round. However, Cash was awarded his second Manager of the Year award, marking the first time that an AL manager won it in consecutive years.

On September 30, 2022, the Rays clinched a postseason berth, securing the tiebreaker against the Toronto Blue Jays. Cash led the Rays to a 90-72 record in 2022. However, they were swept 2–0 by the Cleveland Guardians in the 2022 American League Wild Card Series.

The Rays courted controversy during the team's annual LGBTQ+ Pride Night in 2022, when at least five players opted out of wearing a Pride-themed logo and cap. Cash said that the controversy did not divide the team, but provoked internal conversations within the organization. A year later, after an MLB directive banned teams from having players wearing Pride-themed patches and logos, Cash spoke in support of Pride Night: "We welcome our LGBTQ+ community — not just today. It's an everyday thing. We want everybody to come out here and feel safe at the ballpark."

The Rays started the 2023 season on a 13-game winning streak. Cash's team finished second in the American League East with a 99–63 record. They were again swept in the playoffs, losing two in a row to the Texas Rangers in the 2023 American League Wild Card Series. Cash ended the season with a 739–617 record and five consecutive playoff berths. He also finished third in Manager of the Year voting, finishing behind Brandon Hyde of the Baltimore Orioles and Bruce Bochy of the Rangers. On February 8, 2024, the Rays announced that Cash and baseball operations Erik Neander were both signed to multi-year extensions. On May 4, 2024, Cash got his 755th career win, the record for most wins by a Tampa Bay Rays manager passing Joe Maddon.

On June 15, 2024, it was reported that Cash was under contract with the Rays through 2030.

Personal life
Cash is the nephew of former MLB utility player Ron Cash. Cash and his wife, Emily, live with their three children in Pinellas County, Florida.

Awards and honors

 * 1999 College World Series – Tallahassee Regional MVP
 * 2001 Florida State League – All-Star Team
 * 2002 All-Star Futures Game

title: Kevin Cash


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Quaich

A quaich, archaically quaigh or quoich, is a special kind of shallow two-handled   drinking cup or bowl of a type traditional in Scotland. It derives from the Scottish Gaelic, meaning a cup.

History
According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, the quaich was inspired by the low silver bowls with two flat handles frequently used as bleeding vessels in England and the Netherlands in the 17th century. Another popular theory suggests that the shape is derived from scallop shells. However, this seems to have had its origins in the poems of James Macpherson which were once thought to be translations of poems by Ossian, son of Fionn mac Cumhaill. In his 1955 monograph Some Scottish Quaichs, Richard L. McClenahan, an American collector, suggests that the quaich evolved directly from the medieval mazer. This seems unlikely as the form and material (burr maple for mazers) are quite different. There were small stave-built drinking vessels common in the medieval period found around the Baltics and, since some of the earliest quaichs are stave-built, this could be the source.

Traditionally quaichs are made of wood, an artform known as "treen". Some early quaichs are stave-built like barrels and some have alternating light and dark staves. The staves are held together by bands of willow or silver. They generally have two, and more rarely three or four, short, projecting handles. Other wooden quaiches were lathe-turned out of a single piece of wood and there was another group which were turned then carved outside in basket-weave pattern. In addition to wood, they are made of stone, brass, pewter, horn, and silver. The latter were often engraved with lines and bands in imitation of the staves and hoops of the wooden quaichs.

The origin of quaichs in Scotland is traced to the Highlands; it was not until the end of the 17th century that they became popular in such large centres as Edinburgh and Glasgow. The silversmiths of such local guilds as Inverness and Perth frequently mounted them in silver, as may be seen from the hallmarks on the existing examples.

Commemorative quaichs awarded as prizes, or given as gifts, are more commonly made of pewter or silver. These prize cups are rarely used for actual drinking.

Related vessels to the Scottish quaich include the porringer, a larger vessel typically 6 in in diameter with one (US colonial) or two (European) horizontal handles. The Sami and Norrland, Sweden, equivalent is the kuksa, which also only has a single handle.

The quaich was used for whisky or brandy, and in the 19th century Sir Walter Scott dispensed drams in silver quaichs. One of the quaichs he owned was the Waterloo Tree Quaich. It was made in part from wood Scott had taken from the Waterloo Elm, when he visited the battlefield shortly after the Battle of Waterloo (the elm tree had been the Duke of Wellington's command post for much of the battle). In his collection he also owned some other quaichs made from commemorative wood: one made from Falkland Oak; one made from Queen Mary's yew; and another made from the Wallace Oak. The one he kept for himself was made of wood with seven bands, and had travelled from Edinburgh to Derby with Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1745.

Wooden commemorative quaichs designed by Paul Hodgkiss were given as presents to winners at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Quaich


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Bistek

Bistek (from Spanish: bistec, "beefsteak"), also known as bistek tagalog or karne frita, is a Filipino dish consisting of thinly-sliced beefsteak braised in soy sauce, calamansi juice, garlic, ground black pepper, and onions cut into rings. It is a common staple in the Tagalog and Western Visayan regions of the Philippines. It is eaten over white rice.

Description
Bistek tagalog is made of strips of beef sirloin or tenderloin, usually flattened with a meat tenderizing tool, it is marinated then braised in soy sauce, calamansi juice (or some other citrus fruit like lime or lemon), smashed whole garlic cloves, ground black pepper, bay leaves, caramelized red onion rings, and (optionally) muscovado or brown sugar. In some recipes, fresh white onion rings are used instead to preserve its crunchiness.

In the Western Visayas, bistek tagalog is known as karne frita (also spelled carne frita, literally "fried meat" in Spanish), not to be confused with the breaded cutlet (milanesa), which is also called carne frita in the Philippines. It is cooked identically to the Tagalog version, but differs in that it is always cooked with sugar.

Variations
A modern version of bistek is bistek na baboy ("pork bistek"; bistig babi in Kapampangan), in which pork—pork chops or pork belly slices—is used instead of beef. Other modern versions can also use slices of chicken or filleted fish.

Vegan versions can also substitute beef with tofu.

Similar dishes
Bistec encebollado is a similar dish found throughout other Spanish-speaking countries. It differs from bistek tagalog in that it does not use soy sauce or citrus juices, but uses vinegar and various local herbs and ingredients instead. Other similar dishes include the bistec de Palomilla of Cuba, bistec a caballo of Colombia, and the bistec ranchero of Mexico.

In the Marianas Islands, Bistek is prepared similarly to Filipino Bistek, but is often made with vinegar instead of citrus juice. Achiote is also added and is typically served with peas.

title: Bistek


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File:Stormwatch (album cover).jpg

Summary
Cover of the Jethro Tull album Stormwatch.

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Sison

Sison can refer to:

 * Sison, Pangasinan, Philippines
 * Sison, Surigao del Norte, Philippines
 * Sison (plant), a genus of plants in the family Apiaceae
 * Sison (surname), which includes a list of people with this name

title: Sison


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Tubod

Tubod is the name of two places in the Philippines:

 * Tubod, Lanao del Norte
 * Tubod, Surigao del Norte

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Jesús Colomé

Jesús Colomé de la Cruz (born December 23, 1977) is a former professional relief pitcher. He played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers and Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Oakland Athletics
Jesús Colomé was signed as a non-drafted free agent by the Oakland Athletics at age 18, in 1996. He had made it to Double-A as a starting pitcher when, on July 28, 2000, he was traded to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for Todd Belitz and Jim Mecir.

Tampa Bay Devil Rays
The Devil Rays converted him to a relief pitcher, and he made his major league debut with them on June 21, 2001. He finished with a 3.33 ERA. Colomé was one of the only pitchers to throw over 100 mph, but he had bad control. The next season, he posted an 8.27 ERA (the highest of his career). He returned to his old form in 2004, in 2003 he struck out a career high 69 batters.

On August 26, 2005, Colomé was involved in a serious car accident in the Dominican Republic. Two months later, he was released by the Devil Rays.

New York Yankees
Colomé signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees in 2006. At the end of the season, spent entirely in the minors, he opted for free agency.

Washington Nationals
Colomé then signed with the Washington Nationals. He came north with the Nationals following the spring season and started off pitching well. By Memorial Day he was 4–0, and was fifth in the league with 26 appearances, posting a 2.20 ERA and prompting MLB writer Bill Ladson to write, "Jesús Colomé is the Nationals' best reliever, and one could argue that he should be considered for the All-Star Game." Ladson credited Colome's resurgence in his reliance on pitches other than his once dominating fastball.

On December 10, 2008, he was released by the Nationals. He was re-signed by the Nationals to a minor league contract on January 15, 2009. He competed for a spot on the Nationals' roster in spring training, but was sent to the minor leagues on April 4, 2009.

Milwaukee Brewers
In July 2009, the Nationals designated him for assignment and he was picked up by the Milwaukee Brewers and signed to a minor league contract. On September 6, he was released by the Brewers.

Seattle Mariners
On February 10, 2010, Colome signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners. Colomé and Kanekoa Texeira were designated for assignment on May 31, 2010, to make room for Sean White and Garrett Olson.

Los Angeles Dodgers
He was signed to a minor league contract by the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 23, 2010, and assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes. He only appeared in 3 games for the Isotopes before he was released.

Texas Rangers
On August 15, 2010, he, along with Willy Taveras, signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers, and was assigned to Triple-A Oklahoma City.

Colorado Rockies
Colomé signed a minor league deal with the Rockies in 2011. He only appeared in 10 games for their AAA affiliate team.

Sultanes de Monterrey
He played for the Sultanes de Monterrey in the Mexican League in 2012.

Joplin Blasters
Colome signed with the Joplin Blasters of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball and played for them during the 2015 season.

Personal life
His nephew is Álex Colomé.

title: Jesús Colomé


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Free Tibet (disambiguation)

Free Tibet, or Free Tibet Campaign, is a non-profit, non-governmental organization based in London, England.

Free Tibet may also refer to:
 * Tibetan independence movement, a movement for the independence of the lands where Tibetan people live
 * Tibetan Youth Congress
 * Students for a Free Tibet
 * Tibetan Freedom Concert, (1996-2012)
 * International Campaign for Tibet
 * Free Tibet (album), a 2006 album by Death In June

title: Free Tibet (disambiguation)


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Pig's ear

Pig's ear may refer to:

 * Pig's ear (food)
 * Pig's ear (pastry)
 * Pigs Ear, Pennsylvania
 * Cotyledon orbiculata, a flowering succulent plant
 * Gomphus clavatus, an edible species of fungus
 * Discina perlata, a species of fungus

title: Pig's ear


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Joseph Nacchio

Joseph P. Nacchio (born June 22, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American executive who was chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Qwest Communications International from 1997 to 2002. Nacchio was convicted of insider trading during his time heading Qwest. He claimed in court, with documentation, that his was the only company to demand legal authority for surreptitious mass surveillance demanded by the NSA which began prior to the 11 September 2001 attacks.

He was convicted of 19 counts of insider trading in Qwest stock on April 19, 2007 – charges his defense team claimed were U.S. government retaliation for his refusal to give customer data to the National Security Agency in February, 2001. This defense was not admissible in court because the U.S. Department of Justice filed an in limine motion, which is often used in national security cases, to exclude information which may reveal state secrets. Information from the Classified Information Procedures Act hearings in Nacchio's case was likewise ruled inadmissible.

On July 27, 2007, he was sentenced to six years in federal prison, and after appeals failed he reported to Federal Correctional Institution, Schuylkill in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania on April 14, 2009 to serve his sentence. Nacchio finished serving his sentence on September 20, 2013.

Early life
He is the son of a New York City longshoreman and bartender and graduated in 1970 from New York University with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering. Later he earned an MBA from New York University and a Master's degree in Management (SM) as a Sloan Fellow from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1986.

Qwest
Nacchio joined Qwest in 1997 from AT&T Corporation.

While Chairman, Nacchio was serving on two federal advisory panels—the Network Reliability and Interoperability Council and the National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee. He was Chairman of the latter and was given a top secret security clearance in the late 1990s.

In 2000, during Nacchio's tenure as Qwest CEO, the company acquired its regional rival US West. In 2002, Qwest admitted to false accounting during the time of the merger.

Joseph P. Nacchio was the only head of a communications company to demand a court order, or approval under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, in order to turn over communications records to the NSA.

According to a The Washington Post report, Nacchio claimed that the National Security Agency had asked Qwest in February 2001 to participate in a surveillance program; Nacchio said that after he declined, the NSA punished Qwest by dropping a contract worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

Nacchio had been selling his Qwest stock as early as January.

Qwest stock began a sharp decline in May 2001, falling from $38 to below $2 by August 2002. Nacchio resigned from Qwest in June 2002 and was replaced by former Ameritech CEO Richard Notebaert.

Insider trading, fraud
On March 15, 2005, Nacchio and six other former Qwest executives were sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. They were accused of a $3 billion financial fraud between 1999 and 2002 and of benefiting from an inflated stock price.

In its case, the government stated that Nacchio continued to tell Wall Street that Qwest would be able to achieve aggressive revenue targets long after he knew that they could not be achieved. This helped it buy up regional phone rival US West, the government alleged. For his part, Nacchio maintained that he believed Qwest would soon be receiving several large government contracts. On November 21, 2005, The Wall Street Journal reported that Nacchio "believed Qwest was doing well because it was getting lucrative secret national-security-related work from the federal government." Nacchio claimed that he was not in a rightful state of mind when he sold his shares because of problems with his son, and the imminent announcement of a number of government contracts.

Nacchio was indicted on December 20, 2005 on insider trading charges in Denver, Colorado. He was forced to surrender his passport for fear that he would flee the country. The indictment against Nacchio charged him with 42 counts of insider trading. Each count carries a potential 10-year jail term and corresponds to a sale of Qwest shares, including a flurry in April–May 2001, when Nacchio sold almost $39 million in stock. At the time, Qwest was trading between $41.12 and $38.31.

Nacchio was convicted on 19 of 42 counts of insider trading case on April 19, 2007. He was released on a $2 million bond. On July 27, 2007, Nacchio was sentenced to six years in federal prison. Federal Judge Edward Nottingham also ordered Nacchio to pay a $19 million fine and forfeit $52 million he gained in illegal stock sales. On March 17, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit overturned his conviction on the basis of defense expert witness testimony that was improperly excluded, and ordered a new trial before a different trial judge. Herbert J. Stern led Nacchio’s defense team during the initial trial, while Maureen Mahoney was lead defense attorney during the appeal. On February 25, 2009, the full Tenth Circuit reversed the three-judge panel and reinstated the conviction and sentence.

Nacchio surrendered April 14, 2009 to a federal prison camp in Schuylkill, Pennsylvania to begin serving a six-year sentence for the insider trading conviction. The United States Supreme Court denied bail pending appeal the same day. His federal register number is 33973-013.

On October 5, 2009, the US Supreme Court denied certiorari.

Nacchio finished serving his sentence on September 20, 2013.

title: Joseph Nacchio


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First Things First (book)

First Things First (1994) is a self-help book written by Stephen Covey, A. Roger Merrill, and Rebecca R. Merrill. It offers a time management approach that, if established as a habit, is intended to help readers achieve "effectiveness" by aligning themselves to "First Things". The approach is a further development of the approach popularized in Covey's The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People and other titles.

Summary
The book asserts that there are three generations of time management: first-generation task lists, second-generation personal organizers with deadlines, and third-generation values clarification as incorporated in the Franklin Planner. Using the analogy of "the clock and the compass," the authors assert that identifying primary roles and principles provides a "true north" and reference when deciding what activities are most important, so that decisions are guided not merely by the "clock" of scheduling but by the "compass" of purpose and values. Asserting that people have a need "to live, to love, to learn, and to leave a legacy" they propose moving beyond "urgency".

In the book, Covey describes a framework for prioritizing work that is aimed at long-term goals, at the expense of tasks that appear to be urgent, but are in fact less important. He uses a time management formulation attributed to Dwight D. Eisenhower (see: The Eisenhower Method), categorizing tasks into whether they are urgent and whether they are important, recognizing that important tasks may not be urgent, and urgent tasks are not necessarily important. This is his 2x2 matrix: classifying tasks as urgent and non-urgent on one axis, and important or non-important on the other axis. His quadrant 2 (not the same as the quadrant II in a Cartesian coordinate system) has the items that are non-urgent but important. These are the ones he believes people are likely to neglect, but should focus on to achieve effectiveness.

Important items are identified by focusing on a few key priorities and roles which will vary from person to person, then identifying small goals for each role each week, in order to maintain a holistic life balance. One tool for this is a worksheet that lists up to seven key roles, with three weekly goals per role, to be evaluated and scheduled into each week before other appointments occupy all available time with things that seem urgent but are not important. This concept is illustrated with a story that encourages people to "place the big rocks first."

Delegation is presented as an important part of time management. Successful delegation, according to Covey, focuses on results and benchmarks that are to be agreed upon in advance, rather than on prescribing detailed work plans.

title: First Things First (book)


text:
User talk:Mmrezaie

This will available soon!

title: User talk:Mmrezaie


text:
Talk:Robert Gray (poet)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 04:36, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Gray (poet)


text:
Talk:First Things First (book)

Untitled
Hello, everyone, I am pourfemme. When I started this page, I forgot to log in. So 218.79.155.187 was me. I am glad here to talk about the book which I bought and loved with you.

Improvement Drive
Time management is currently a candidate on WP:IDRIVE. Support it with your vote if you want to see this article improved to featured status.--Fenice 07:51, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Fan Sites/Blogs?
Are there any fan sites or blogs devoted to Covey 7 habits or FTF? There are lots of sites of people discussing Getting Things Done (like 43folders.com) but what about First Things First? -- kw

Disamiguation needed
there should also be an article about the first things first (FTF) designer manifesto, launched first in the 60s and re-launched in the 90s by adbusters.org.Bine maya 14:08, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

confusing passage
Something got mangled with this sentence:

Asserting that people have a need "to live, to love, to learn, and to leave a legacy" they propose moving beyond "urgency (not the same as the quadrant II in a Cartesian coordinate system).

It looks like something relating to math got pasted over something else. If someone can untangle that sentence it would be appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.229.54.75 (talk) 17:06, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Would it be possible to rename this article "First Things First (1994 book)" to reduce confusion with First Things First (2019 book)?  Mailman9  (talk) 23:56, 26 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Things First (book)


text:
Edward Howland Robinson Green

Edward Howland Robinson Green (August 22, 1868 – June 8, 1936), also known as Colonel Green, was an American businessman, the only son of financier Hetty Green (the "Witch of Wall Street"). In the late 19th century, he became a political ally in the Republican Party of William Madison McDonald, a prominent African-American politician.

After his mother's death in 1916 and his inheritance of half her fortune, Green built a mansion in Round Hill, Massachusetts. He was noted for his stamp and coin collections.

Early life and education
Green was born at the Langham Hotel, London, on August 22, 1868, the first of two children of Hetty and Edward Henry Green. His sister, Sylvia, was born in 1871. Their mother amassed a fortune through her business dealings and was known as a miser.

Ned broke his leg as a child, and Hetty first tried to have him admitted to a free clinic for the poor. Charles Slack, her biographer, said that she was recognized; she was unwilling to pay for the medical services and treated him herself. The boy's leg did not heal properly and had to be amputated due to gangrene. Ned used a cork prosthesis. He grew to 6'4" (1.93 m) and 300 lb. (136 kg) as an adult.

Green attended private schools and graduated from Fordham College in 1888. He later studied real estate law.

Career
In 1893, Green was assigned by his mother to manage the Texas Midland Railroad, which she had acquired by foreclosure. He went to Terrell, Texas, and turned the ailing enterprise into "a model railroad boasting the first electrically-lighted coaches in the State." This was only one of many business ventures in which Green succeeded.

Green was also active in state politics. In 1896, he began a long-lasting political partnership with William Madison McDonald, an African-American leader of the Black and Tan faction of the Republican Party from Fort Worth. In 1910, though a Republican, Green was made "a Colonel on the staff of a Democratic Governor of Texas".

Social life
In contrast to his mother, Green spent lavishly and partied. He surrounded himself with attractive young women, who were well paid for their services.

In 1911, Green was interviewed and sketched by Marguerite Martyn of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. She said that he was a "fine, stalwart, upstanding millionaire, middle-aged . . . wholesome and hearty, with a most ingratiating, breezy Western way with him." He told her that he received "thousands of letters" from women offering to marry him and that "a secretary had been appointed to take charge of this class of mail." Green told Martyn: "Why, it isn't my they want to marry me for. It's ."

As Hetty strongly opposed his marrying, he waited until after her death in 1916 to wed his longtime companion, Mabel E. Harlow, a former prostitute.

Inheritance
He and his sister Sylvia each inherited half of their mother's fortune, estimated at between $100 million to $200 million (equivalent to $2.7 billion to $5.4 billion in 2024). In addition to the various other homes he already owned, after his mother's death, Green built a mansion in Massachusetts, Round Hill, and another on Star Island, Florida. The Round Hill mansion was designed by the Anglo-American architect Alfred C. Bossom and completed in 1921 at a cost of $1.5 million.

Interests
Green is known to philatelists for forming one of the great collections of postage stamps of the early 20th century, exceeded in size and value only by that of King George V. In 1918, he purchased the sheet of Inverted Jenny stamps from the dealer Eugene Klein for $20,000. On Klein's advice, he broke the sheet up and commissioned Klein to sell many of the stamps as singles and blocks. Green put one stamp in a locket he gave to his wife.

To numismatists, Green is known for his extensive coin collection. Most notably, he was one of the original owners of all five of the 1913 Liberty Head nickels known to exist.

He brought one of the first automobiles into Texas, "a two-cylinder St. Louis Gas Car surrey, designed by George Norris [sic - the correct name is Dorris]", and is reputed to have been involved in the first car accident in the state, when the car was forced off the road into a ditch by a farm wagon in October 1899 in Forney, Texas. He eventually owned a large fleet of cars, many modified with special transmissions on account of his prosthetic leg.

In 1924, Green rescued the last American wooden whaling vessel of the 19th century, the bark Charles W. Morgan, and exhibited her, embedded in sand, at Round Hill. Green was the grandson of Edward Mott Robinson, one of the ship's earlier owners. The Marine Historical Association bought her in 1941, when she became a showpiece of Mystic Seaport Museum, Mystic, Connecticut.

In 1927, he opened an airfield on his property, and kept the field well-maintained according to people who flew there. Following his son's kidnapping, Charles Lindbergh landed on the property in order to investigate a lead about his whereabouts.

Radio research and WMAF

Colonel Green had an early fascination with radio technology, dating back to the 1890s. In June 1922, the Round Hills Radio Corporation was incorporated under a commercial charter, with Colonel Green the company president. Under the initial charter, the company's function, in addition to engaging in radio broadcasting, was to sell radio, telephone and similar equipment. However, because the company did not actually engage in commercial activities, in August of the next year it was rechartered under the state's charitable and educational statutes, with its mission now described as "for radio experimentation, improving the uses of wireless and scientific experimentation in new devices to further the use of radio, and to broadcast, free of charge, concerts, weather reports, etc."

To support the radio operations, a building containing a broadcast studio plus laboratory rooms was constructed adjacent to the estate's main building. MIT's President, Samuel W. Stratton and the Department of Electrical Engineering's new Communications Division were invited to experiment with the new technology, and the department was initially financed by Green.

In September 1922, the Round Hills Radio Corporation received licenses for a broadcasting station, WMAF, in addition to one for experimental work, with the call sign 1XV. The broadcasting station, which was operated only during the summer months of 1923–1928, adopted the slogan The Voice from Way Down East. For the summer of 1923, Green arranged for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) to install a telephone line connection to rebroadcast the programs originating from WEAF (now WFAN) in New York City, which was the first permanent radio network link.

Professor Edward L. Bowles set out to determine the signal strength and radiation patterns of different antenna arrays in 1926. Round Hill's radio station (which included an early radio telescope, built atop a water tower designed to look like the foundation of a lighthouse) followed Donald B. MacMillan's and Admiral Richard E. Byrd's polar expeditions, tracked the Graf Zeppelin dirigible during its maiden transatlantic flight, and was the sole communication link for areas devastated by the Vermont floods in 1927.

Van de Graaff
In 1933, Round Hill was the site of Robert J. Van de Graaff's electrical experiments. Van de Graaff had been brought to MIT from Princeton in 1931 to develop a high voltage research facility. He built a 40 ft tall Van de Graaff generator in an abandoned airship hangar on Round Hill. The purpose was to provide the energy to accelerate subatomic particles to bombard atomic nuclei. The machine became operational in December 1933. It was capable of operating at 5,000,000 volts. After it became obsolete, the generator was donated in 1956 to the Museum of Science, Boston, and circa 2019 the generator continues to function as a major exhibit.

Death
He died of heart disease at Lake Placid, New York, in 1936. In accordance with Green's last request, his widow had his amputated leg exhumed and reunited with the rest of his body.

His widow and his sister fought over his estate, estimated at the time as $44,384,500 or "more than $40 million". Green had persuaded Mabel to sign a prenuptial agreement, which limited her to a $1,500 monthly stipend, but she challenged it in court. She eventually settled for $500,000.

Four states, Texas, Massachusetts, Florida and New York, fought over who would collect $6 million in inheritance taxes. The United States Supreme Court awarded the money to Massachusetts.

title: Edward Howland Robinson Green


text:
Sinigang

Sinigang is a Filipino soup or stew characterized by its sour and savory taste. It is most often associated with tamarind (Filipino: sampalok), although it can use other sour fruits and leaves as the souring agent such as unripe mangoes or rice vinegar. It is one of the more popular dishes in Filipino cuisine. This soup, like most Filipino dishes, is usually accompanied by rice.

Origin
Sinigang means "stewed [dish]", it is a nominalized in the form of Tagalog verb sigang, "to stew". While present nationwide, sinigang is seen to be culturally Tagalog in origin, thus the similar sour stews and soups found in the Visayas and Mindanao (like linarang) are regarded as different dishes and differ in the ingredients used. Fish sauce is a common condiment for the stew.

Ingredients
Sinigang is most often associated with tamarind in modern times, but it originally referred to any meat or seafood cooked in a sour and acidic broth, similar to but differentiated from paksiw (which uses vinegar). Other variations of the dish derive their sourness from native ingredients. These souring agents include unripe mangoes, rice vinegar, butterfly tree leaves (alibangbang), citruses (including the native calamansi and biasong), santol, bilimbi (kamias or iba), gooseberry tree fruits (karmay), binukaw fruits (also batuan), and libas fruits, among others. Guava, introduced to the Philippines via the Manila galleons, is also used. Seasoning powder or bouillon cubes with a tamarind base are commercial alternatives to using natural fruits.

Sinigang typically uses meat or seafood (e.g., fish, pork, beef, shrimp, or chicken) stewed with tamarind, tomatoes, garlic, and onions. Other vegetables commonly used in the making of sinigang include okra, taro corms (gabi, which serves as a starchy broth thickener ), white radish (labanós), water spinach (kangkóng), yardlong beans (sitaw) and eggplant (talóng). Most Filipinos like to cook sinigang with long green peppers (siling haba) in order to enhance the taste and add a little spice to the dish. Another variation includes adding locally made miso.

Sinigang variations

 * Sinigáng sa misô - Sinigang with miso added to the soup as the umami element, usually with a tamarind base
 * Sinigáng sa bayabas - Sinigang that uses guava as the sour soup base
 * Sinigang sa mangga - Sinigang that uses unripe mango as the sour soup base
 * Sinigang sa kalamansi - Sinigang that uses calamansi or lemon as the sour soup base
 * Sinigáng na isdâ - Fish sinigang
 * Sinigang sa pakwan - Sinigang that uses watermelon together with tamarind as the sour soup base
 * Sinigáng na hipon - Shrimp or prawn sinigang
 * Sinigang na baka - Beef sinigang
 * Seafood sinigang - Fish, shrimp, squid, sea shells are combined in this soup
 * Bule - A variant of sinigang from the Aeta people of Pampanga that uses lima beans (bule) and is soured with alibangbang (butterfly tree) leaves. Formerly called as bule baluga, the dish is now known mostly as bule due to the controversial term baluga, a derogatory and racist word towards Aetas.

Similar dishes
Sinampalukang manók or sinampalukan is technically not a variation of sinigang, as the chicken has to be sautéed in ginger first instead of all the ingredients being placed simultaneously into the pot and brought to a boil. Sinampalukan is also distinguished by its use of shredded tamarind leaves, and is usually made together with ginger, onions, tomatoes, eggplant and other vegetables.

Other Filipino dishes that are similar to sinigang but distinct include pinangat na isda from Southern Luzon and linarang from Cebu. Both of which also use sour fruits but are restricted to fish or seafood and differ in the other ingredients used.

There are also similar soured beef stews. They include the cansi from the Western Visayas islands which use beef and breadfruit and is soured with batuan or bilimbi fruits. Because it resembles a cross between bulalo and sinigang it is sometimes known as sinigang na bulalo. Another soured beef stew is sinanglaw from Ilocos which is soured with bilimbi or tamarind, but is unique in that it also includes bitter ingredients like bitter gourd or bile, as is common in Ilocano cuisine.

Malaysia
Around the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu, there is a dish called singgang that is considered as a close resemblance to sinigang. The common ingredients found in singgang are lemongrass, galangal, garlic, chili and asam gelugur as souring agent. Either budu or tempoyak would also sometimes be added to further flavourize the dish. Terengganu's singgang and Kelantan's singgang differs through an addition of turmeric into the former.

Meanwhile, on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, another dish that is thought to be similar to singgang is called pindang.

title: Sinigang


text:
22nd Signal Brigade (United States)

The 22d Corps Signal Brigade is a US Army Signal Brigade located at Joint Base Lewis–McChord, Washington.

Current

 * 22ndSigBde crest.jpguarters & Headquarters Company
 * 51 Sig Bn DUI.jpg 51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion

Former
Before its inactivation, the 22nd Signal Brigade had three active duty battalions and a headquarters company.
 * 17_Signal_Battalion_COA.svg 17th Signal Battalion (inactivated 17 August 2006)
 * 32nd_battallion.gif 32nd Signal Battalion (inactivated 22 May 2007)
 * 440th Signal Battalion (inactivated 22 May 2007)

Post war and Cold War
The 22nd Signal Brigade was constituted as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 22nd Signal Service Group on 14 November 1945 with duties supporting the Army of Occupation, and later deactivated on 20 June 1948 while under the command of Colonel Frank J. Schaal.

On 27 September 1951, the unit was redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 22nd Signal Group and allotted to the Regular Army. The Korean War saw the activation of 22nd Signal Group in October 1951. The 22nd Signal Group took part in five campaigns and was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation and Streamer, embroidered Korea. The Group was inactivated in Korea on 13 May 1955.

In February 1964, the newly reorganized 22nd Signal Group assumed its first operational mission by taking over the Edingen High Frequency Radio Station and eventually 43 planned frequency sites. By the time the last site was under the 22nd Signal Group's control in August 1964, the group had become a subordinate unit of the US Army Strategic Communications Command – Europe, thus severing its ties with United States Army Europe.

When France made the final decision to withdraw from NATO, the 22nd kept communication channels open to withdrawing US forces until 16 March 1967. The brigade was inactivated as a TO&E unit until 13 November 1967 and was organized under a Table of Distribution and Allowances (TDA) as the Signal Group 22, supporting United States Army commands until 12 August 1974, when Signal Group 22's colors were furled in Mannheim, Germany.

In April 1980, a provisional signal brigade was established. On 16 September 1980, the 22nd Signal Brigade was placed on the active rolls in an augmentation carrier status. A reorganization of the assets of the 32nd Signal Battalion (Corps) to create the Brigade Headquarters and the 17th Signal Battalion followed.

The 22nd Signal Brigade (Corps), a major subordinate command of Headquarters, V Corps, was activated on 16 March 1981 by its first commander, Colonel Theodore W. Hummel. The 22nd Signal Brigade consisted of three battalions: the 17th Signal Battalion (Command), the 32nd Signal Battalion (Radio) and the 440th Signal Battalion (Area). The brigade's headquarters, along with 17th and 32nd Signal Battalions, were headquartered in Hoechst, while the 440th Signal Battalion remained in Darmstadt. The V Corps G6 office was located with the V Corps Headquarters in Frankfurt.

Gulf War
In 1990, brigade soldiers (Charlie Company 17th Signal Battalion located at that time on Gibbs Kaserne in Frankfurt) in support of 143rd Signal Battalion 3rd Armored Division deployed to Saudi Arabia as part of Operation Desert Storm. The 22nd Signal Brigade was re-equipped with the Army's Mobile Subscriber Equipment in the Central Region of Germany immediately after Desert Storm and successfully weathered Army force reductions in USAREUR, reorganizing into its final structure.

In late 1993 the Brigade Headquarters began its physical relocation from Camp King in Oberüsel Germany to Kelly Barracks in Darmstadt Germany, along with its 32nd and 440th Signal Battalions. During this move the enlisted barracked soldiers of HHC and G6 were temporarily housed at the Ernest Ludwig Kaserne in Darmstadt, where they were the soul occupants of this small enclosed one square block military facility. The 17th Signal Battalion Headquarters was in Kitzingen, at Larson Barracks. The Corps G6 office was moved from Frankfurt to Heidelberg when the V Corps Headquarters moved there.

Balkans deployment
In 1995, under the operational command of the 1st Armored Division's Task Force Eagle, the 22nd Signal Brigade Headquarters, 440th Signal Battalion, elements of the 17th and 32nd Signal Battalions, and 1AD's 141st Signal Battalion, deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina in support of Multi-National Division-North. Brigade Signaleers were the first elements to fly into Tuzla Airbase and cross the swollen Sava River during that first frozen December. The Brigade Task Force went on to install over 11 MSE node centers and over 43 small extension switching teams in support of US, Russian, Turk, and Nordic Polish forces throughout the Task Force Eagle area of operations in Bosnia. TFE Signaleers broke new ground in providing reliable voice, data, and video teleconferencing capabilities to MND-North's dispersed forces.

After returning to Germany in December 1996, the brigade quickly reestablished itself as the premier tactical signal brigade in the Army. The brigade has been at the leading edge of tactical and technological innovations while supporting a vigorous USAREUR and V Corps exercise and training program. Beginning in 1995, 22nd Signaleers were continuously deployed in support of both the 1st Infantry Division and 1st Armored Division in Bosnia, US EUCOM's national support element in Hungary and NATO's Task Force Able Sentry in Macedonia. In May 1998, the brigade once again deployed the 440th Signal Battalion to Bosnia as the 1st Armored Division's Task Force Eagle Signal Support Force. In 2003, the brigade deployed all of its battalions in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF1)
In November 2002, elements of the BDE HQ and 17th Signal Battalion, commanded by LTC Brian Moore, deployed to Kuwait in supporting V Corps RSO&I and combat rehearsals.

In January 2003, the remainder of 22nd Signal Brigade, consisting of 32nd Signal Battalion, commanded by LTC Laurie Buckhout/ CSM Graves, 440th Signal Battalion, commanded by LTC Mark Lessig / CSM Thomas Clark, and HHC 22nd Signal Brigade, commanded by CPT Stephen Chadwick / 1SG O'Neil deployed to Kuwait to join the forward element.

51st Signal Battalion, commanded by LTC Frank Penha, 514th Signal Company, and elements of C/50th Signal Battalion joined 22nd Signal Brigade to create Task Force Signal.

The 22nd (minus 17th Sig) was staged at Camp Virginia with 17th staged at Camp New York.

17th Signal Battalion with A/32nd attached, commanded by CPT Marne Sutton/1SG Gary Potts, was given the initial mission to follow and support 3ID at the start of hostilities – crossing the berm into Iraq in the immediate hours of the operation. It was A/32nd who had the first WIA in the Bde - from mortar fire while supporting 3ID.

The Brigade Command team, COL Jeffery G. Smith / CSM Ray Lane, flew via rotary wing to the first Corps objective to support the V Corp assault CP / LTG Wallace, followed a day later by the 22nd Signal Assault CP and 440th Signal Battalion.

440th Signal Battalion began extending the corps network ICW 17th Signal Battalion who continued to follow and support 3ID and elements of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and 82nd Airborne Division.

The 32nd Signal Battalion provided comms to the V Corps Main CP at Camp Virginia through the ground campaign, while 51st Signal Battalion remained in reserve.

As 3ID / V Corps entered Baghdad, the 22nd Signal Brigade Assault CP entered the city setting up initially at the Baghdad International Airport (BIAP) before relocating to Al Faw Palace which later was renamed Camp Victory in honor of V Corps. It's here the 22nd Signal Brigade established their headquarters that would support operations for the remainder of OIF1. It was at Camp Victory where the brigade, ICW elements of the 11th Signal Brigade, established “Signal City” with a consolidated tent city, field DFAC and tactical AAFES store manned by signal Soldiers.

51st Signal Battalion was called-forward to Camp Victory IOT to establish comms in support of the V Corps Forward CP and other units arriving at Camp Victory and to the newly established CJTF HQ / US Embassy in the green zone. 17th Signal Battalion then consolidated operations in the vicinity of BIAP. When V Corps Main CP moved forward to Camp Victory, 32nd Signal Battalion moved forward to Balad Airbase supporting the key theater logistics hub.

In July 2003, the 234th Signal Battalion (Iowa Army National Guard) commanded by LTC Rusty Lingenfelter deployed and was attached to the 22nd Signal Brigade. Upon arrival in Baghdad, 234th Signal Battalion conducted a RIP with 17th Signal Battalion who then redeployed back to Kitzingen Germany to recover, reset, and refit in preparation for future combat operations.

As operations transitioned from direct combat, 440th Signal Battalion conducted a RIP with 51st Signal Battalion at Camp Victory and 51st Signal Battalion moved to Al Hillah (in the vicinity of the ancient city of Babylon) to support coalition operations as V Corps transitioned to CJTF-7. It was during this time that 440th Signal Battalion changed command with LTC Ed Drose taking command. It was also during this phase the Brigade suffered their first KIAs – SPC Arron Clark/440th Signal Battalion in December 2003 and SSG Ricky Crockett/51st Signal Battalion in January 2004 – both died by IED.

In February 2004, 3rd Signal Brigade arrived in Baghdad conducting a RIP with 22nd Signal Brigade who redeployed through Kuwait and then on to Darmstadt, Germany after 16 months of operations.

Operation Iraqi Freedom 05-07
After returning to Darmstadt, Germany, 22nd Signal Brigade recovered, reconstituted, and retrained with V Corps on various exercises from 2004-2005. The Brigade again deployed to Iraq for its second brigade-wide deployment from October 2005-September 2006. The Brigade, Commanded by COL Frederick A. Cross and CSM Thomas J. Clark, formed the base of ‘TASK FORCE ADLER” which consisted of HHC, 22nd Signal Brigade, 32nd Signal Battalion, and 440th Signal Battalion all from Darmstadt, Germany, were joined by 29th Signal Battalion (Fort Lewis, WA), 40th Signal Battalion (Fort Huachuca, AZ), 136th Signal Battalion (Texas Army National Guard), and Delta Company, 111th Signal Battalion (South Carolina Army Reserves) and 842nd Signal Company (Florida Army Reserves) with over 3000 Soldiers at full strength. As one artifact states...”Forged in Combat, Task Force Adler set the stand for multi-discipline, full-spectrum sign support to combatant commanders. The Brigade's unmatched and unwavering commitment in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM 05-07 rotation, greatly contributed to the resounding success of Multi-National Corps Iraq, and the Multi-National Force Iraq in meeting their operational and strategic goals.”

The brigade returned to Darmstadt, Germany in September 2006 and began preparations for inactivation of V Corps and the brigade. On 22 May 2007, 22nd Signal Brigade along with 32nd Signal Battalion and 440th Signal Battalion, were inactivated, closing this chapter of "Victory's Voice!"

Reactivation
On 16 November 2021, the brigade was reactivated and redesignated as the 22d Corps Signal Brigade (22 CSB) headquartered at Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM). The brigade was assigned to FORSCOM as a Direct Reporting Unit and under Training Readiness Authority of America's I Corps. At a ceremony on 22 November 2021, 22 CSB assumed Command and Control of 51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion, co-located at JBLM. COL Charles D. (Dean) Smith and CSM Lisa M. Gandy assumed command of the brigade, both having served in the brigade previously. COL Smith served as the last HHC, 22nd Signal Brigade Company Commander during the last deployment and inactivated the brigade in Darmstadt in 2007. CSM Gandy served with 22nd Signal Brigade and also served as a Solder in 51st Signal Battalion.

Conversion
In 2023, the brigade began the conversion of is only signal battalion, transforming 51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion into the 51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion-Enhanced (ESB-E). The conversion consisted of numerous reconfigurations and equipment modernizations efforts. This effort continues as new equipment is fielded.

title: 22nd Signal Brigade (United States)


text:
Cargotec

Cargotec Oyj (trading internationally as Cargotec Corporation) is a Finnish company that makes cargo handling machinery for ships, ports, terminals and local distribution.

Cargotec was formed in June 2005 when Kone Corporation was split into two companies to be listed: Cargotec and new Kone. After the split, Kone Corporation's container handling (Kalmar Global), load handling (HIAB) and marine cargo handling (MacGregor) business units formed Cargotec. However, the businesses within Cargotec have much longer histories and have been formed through a series of mergers and acquisitions over several decades.

At the end of 2023, Cargotec had approximately 11,400 personnel working in over 100 countries.

Cargotec's major shareholders are the heirs of Pekka Herlin. Current (since 27 April 2022) chairman of the Cargotec's board of directors is Jaakko Eskola, replacing long-term chair Ilkka Herlin in 2022.

In December 2022, Cargotec’s CEO Mika Vehviläinen informed Cargotec’s Board of Directors of his intention to retire from Cargotec during 2023. The Board initiated a search for a successor and, in February 2023, announced that it has appointed Casimir Lindholm (M.Sc. (Econ.), MBA), b. 1971, as Cargotec’s new President and CEO as of 1 April 2023.

In April 2023, Cargotec announced that the company board of directors had decided to investigate and start a process to potentially separate the businesses areas Kalmar and Hiab into two standalone companies.

In February 2024, Cargotec published a release stating that the company board of directors had approved a demerger plan concerning the separation of Kalmar into a new listed company.

The demerger is subject to approval by the annual general meeting (AGM) of Cargotec, held on 30 May 2024. The AGM resolved on the partial demerger of Cargotec in accordance with the demerger plan. As part of the demerger resolution and conditional upon the completion of the demerger, the AGM resolved on the incorporation of Kalmar Corporation and approval of its articles of association. The AGM also elected Kalmar's board of directors, chair person and remuneration of the board, auditor and the authorised sustainability auditor for Kalmar, and resolved on the establishment of Kalmar's shareholders’ nomination board of and adopted its’ charter. The meeting also approved the remuneration policy for governing bodies of Kalmar and, as part of the demerger resolution and conditional upon the completion of the demerger, resolved on a decrease of Cargotec's share capital and on the dissolution of share premium reserve of Cargotec.

History
Cargotec was formed in June 2005 when Kone Corporation was split into two companies to be listed: Cargotec and new Kone. After the split, Kone Corporation's marine cargo handling (MacGregor), container handling (Kalmar Industries AB) and load handling (HIAB and Moffett, the latter being based in Ireland and acquired in 2000) business units formed Cargotec. However, the businesses within Cargotec have much longer histories and they have been formed through a series of mergers and acquisitions during several decades.

Cargotec's Kalmar business area started to take shape in 1997 when Partek Corporation acquired the Finnish state-owned Sisu Ltd including its terminal tractor business. During the same year, Partek acquired a major shareholding in Kalmar Industries Ltd, a container handling equipment producer.

The foundations of Cargotec's Hiab business area were laid in 1977 when Partek Corporation bought Multilift Group. In 1985, Partek acquired Hydrauliska Industrier Ltd (HIAB) and Jonsered forestry cranes. A couple of years later Partek strengthened its forestry crane expertise by acquiring that particular business line from Fiskars. Several business acquisitions in 2000 enforced the load handling business. In 2004, the name HIAB was taken into use for the whole load handling business in Cargotec.

MacGregor originates from England where it started to serve shipping companies and shipyards in 1937. The marine cargo business of the company in a broader meaning started in 1983 when MacGregor merged with the Finnish Navire. In 1993, Incentive acquired MacGregor-Navire and merged it with Hägglunds Marine. In 1998, the majority of MacGregor was sold to Industri Kapital. In 2005, Cargotec bought MacGregor International AB, the global marine cargo flow solutions provider, to strengthen the company's cargo handling offering. Several mergers and acquisitions have taken place since to further strengthen MacGregor.

Around 2010, Cargotec prepared a separation and possible listing of MacGregor in Singapore. Due to market conditions and focusing on integration of major acquisitions, Cargotec's Board of Directors decided in October 2013 to delay the listing.

In 2011, Cargotec acquired Navis, a US based terminal operator systems provider from Zebra Technologies for $190 million. Cargotec sold Navis in 2021 to technology investment company Accel-KKR for €380 million.

On 1 October 2020, Cargotec and Konecranes announced that they have agreed to a merger. The deal will require two thirds of the shareholders and is expected to complete in the fourth quarter of 2021. The merger was cancelled in March 2022 after the UK Competition & Markets Authority blocked the merger between the companies.

In August 2023, it was announced Cargotec's Kalmar division had acquired the product and intellectual property rights for Lonestar electric terminal tractors in the USA. Lonestar Speciality Vehicles, based in Texarkana, will act as Kalmar's contract manufacturing partner for the products. On 27 April 2023, Cargotec announced that the company board of directors had decided to investigate and start a process to potentially separate the businesses areas Kalmar and Hiab into two standalone companies.

On 1 February 2024, Cargotec published a release stating that the company board of directors had approved a demerger plan concerning the separation of Kalmar into a new listed company.

In May 2024, Cargotec announced new long term financial targets for its Hiab business area, and that Cargotec’s board of directors is planning to propose to Cargotec’s AGM that the company’s name would be changed from Cargotec to Hiab, if the planned demerger of Kalmar is completed and a solution to MacGregor is found. In that case Casimir Lindholm, the current President and CEO of Cargotec, would step down as President and CEO.

Also in May 2024, Cargotec's annual general meeting resolved on the partial demerger of Cargotec in accordance with the demerger plan. As part of the demerger resolution and conditional upon the completion of the demerger, the AGM resolved on the incorporation of Kalmar Corporation and approval of its articles of association.

Ownership
The major shareholders of Cargotec are Pekka Herlin's heirs Ilkka Herlin (Wipunen Varainhallinta Oy), Niklas Herlin's estate (Mariatorp Oy) and Ilona Herlin (since 31 August 2015 Pivosto Oy) each managing over 22% of votes.

title: Cargotec


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National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra

National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra (NIT Kurukshetra or NITKKR) is a public technical and research university located in Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. In December 2008, it was accredited with the status of Institute of National Importance (INI). It is one of the 31 National Institutes of Technology established and administered by Government of India. It runs undergraduate and postgraduate in programme Engineering and Doctor of Philosophy programme in Engineering, Sciences and Humanities.

History
The first Prime Minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, sought to develop India as a leader in science and technology. Between 1959 and 1965, with this vision, the Government founded 14 educational institutions in different regions of India. The system of competitive entry (based on merit) gave access to higher education in these institutions. Such an institution was established in 1963 in Kurukshetra as a joint enterprise of the Government of India and the Government of Punjab, India as the Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra (REC Kurukshetra). In 2002, all the Regional Engineering Colleges were unified by a common entrance exam. Therefore, REC Kurukshetra was renamed to National Institute of Technology under the NIT Act and was given a Deemed University status.

Hostels
There are 15 hostels: 11 for boys and 4 for girls (some apartments are available for married students). The names of the hostels are listed below:

Boys

 * Abhimanyu Bhawan
 * Bhishma Bhawan
 * Chakradhar Bhawan
 * Dronacharya Bhawan
 * Eklavya Bhawan
 * Fanibhushan Bhawan
 * Girivar Bhawan
 * Harihar Bhawan
 * Indivar Bhawan
 * Visveswaraya Mega Boys Hostel
 * Vivekananda Bhawan

Girls

 * Alaknanda Bhawan
 * Cauvery Bhawan
 * Bhagirathi Bhawan
 * Kalpana Chawla Mega Girls Hostel

Academic programmes
NIT Kurukshetra awards undergraduate B.Tech. in various engineering fields in a four-year programme. It offers postgraduate (PG) M.Tech. degrees in similar engineering fields as well as Physics. The M.Tech. degree is awarded after four semesters (two years) or two semesters for relevant PG diploma holders. Ph.D. research programmes are offered in engineering, sciences, humanities and social sciences as well as computer applications. As of 2006 it also offers an MBA degree.

Undergraduate (Bachelor of Technology)
Until 2012, admissions were made on the basis of merit in the All India Engineering Entrance Examination. This exam consisted of a section each on Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Every year, more than 1,000,000 students appeared for this exam and the acceptance rate was close to 3%.

Starting in 2013, admissions are now made on the basis of the merit list of Joint Entrance Examination. This is a common examination for all the premier universities in India. Under this, the candidates are ranked based on 60% of the marks scored in the test, and 40% of the marks in the grade XII board examinations.

For foreign students, admissions are done through Direct Admission of Students Abroad (DASA) scheme.

Postgraduate
NIT Kurukshetra accepts applications to the following degrees under the postgraduate course: For M.Tech. admission, seats are first filled up by admitting GATE qualified candidates and then by industry sponsored candidates. Remaining vacant seats are offered to Non-GATE candidates with a minimum of 60% marks (55% for SC candidates) in their qualifying examination. While GATE candidates are eligible for a scholarship of Rs.12400/- per month. Non-GATE candidates are not given any scholarship.
 * Master of Technology (through GATE score)
 * Master of Business Administration (through CAT/JMET score, followed by group discussions and personal interview)
 * Master of Computer Application (through NIMCET score)

Ph.D.
Applications on prescribed proforma are invited for admission to Ph.D. (full–time/part–time) programmes.

Rankings
NITKKR is ranked 58th among the engineering colleges of India by National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2023.

Festivals
These are the major festivals that take place at NIT Kurukshetra every year.

 * Techspardha: Theme for Techspardha'18 PRIME was "Realm of Possibilities". It is the main technical festival of the institute. Various technology based activities and events are organised and a large number of students participate in such events, thus, adding to the popularity of this Tech-festival.
 * Confluence: It is the annual cultural festival of the institute. Many colleges from the state as well as from the other parts of the nation take part in Confluence. It is a three-day event and has been visited by some of the most famous artists and personalities of the county in the past few years. For Confluence’19 the theme is ‘Carnival of Heritage’.

Notable alumni

 * Pawan Munjal
 * Srini Raju
 * Rakesh Bakshi
 * S N Subrahmanyan
 * Yogesh Singh


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User talk:Pourfemme~enwiki

User Categorization
You were listed on the Wikipedians/China page as living in or being associated with Shanghai. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Shanghai for instructions. Rmky87 16:50, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pourfemme. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pourfemme~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:27, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:44, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pourfemme~enwiki


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Inland harbor

An inland harbor (or inland harbour) is a harbor that is distant from the ocean or sea, such as Berlin, Germany or Paris, France. Inland harbors are connected to a large body of water by an important river or canal passing near the center of the city.

The Danube in Europe, the Mississippi River in the United States, and the Yangtze River in the People's Republic of China are transportation routes for many cities in each case.

title: Inland harbor


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Ms. Pac-Man Maze Madness

Ms. Pac-Man Maze Madness (ミズパックマン メイズマッドネス) is a maze chase video game developed and published by Namco for the PlayStation in 2000. It was later released for the Nintendo 64, Dreamcast, and Game Boy Advance. A remake of Ms. Pac-Man (1982), players control the titular character in her quest to stop a witch named Mesmerelda from stealing the Gems of Virtue. The game was well-received upon release, with critics applauding its simplicity and faithfulness to the arcade original. A sequel was in development around 2006, but was cancelled for unknown reasons.

Gameplay
The player must navigate a series of mazes with Ms. Pac-Man. Along the way, she encounters such obstacles as moving blocks, exploding boxes, and locked doors. To help her, there is 'Pac-Dot Radar' to locate missing dots the player will need before being allowed to reach the next section of a level. Placed about the maze are such devices as spring tiles (to jump over the walls of the maze, and sometimes on top of them); switches, keys, hearts to regain her health, and 'Power Pellets' used to allow Ms. Pac-Man to eat all the enemies in the area for a limited time.

As the player progresses, they must eat yellow dots scattered about each area, once they have eaten enough of these, a door will open, allowing them to reach a new section of that area. Each area has its own number of dots, as well as snacks such as fruit and pretzels. If the player can get all of these, as well as reaching the exit of the areas, they are rewarded with a 'Gold Star'. Once an area is beaten, the player can also play it again for a Time Trial, 'Gold Star', and 'Gold Clock'. Earning enough stars will unlock various features such as 'Bonus Rounds' between some levels, and a 'Movie Player' to watch the game's animated scenes.

Each enemy and item that the player eats gives them more points, which can earn them additional lives, as well as allow them to unlock other features. After beating the two in-game bosses (the green 'Gobblin' and the final boss 'Mesmerelda'), the player receives the 'Witch's Key' which allows them to unlock various locations in the earlier areas. However, the game requires the player to beat the bosses twice in order to see the game's ending. The multiplayer mode allows up to 4 people to play simultaneously (although a player can play solo, verse three computer-controlled characters). The original arcade version of Ms. Pac-Man is freely playable as an option on the main menu, similar to how the original Pac-Man arcade game was freely available on the main menu of the 20th Anniversary Pac-Man World game. This was not included in the Game Boy Advance version.

Plot
Professor Pac learns that the evil forces have taken control of the Enchanted Castle, using black magic. The princess has vanished, and a witch named Mesmerelda is planning on stealing all four Gems of Virtue (Generosity, Truth, Wisdom, and Courage) to control the "four wonders" (areas of Pac-Land). These four areas each have enemies in them, and are blocked by mysterious force fields. Professor Pac creates a device called the Pactrometer, which allows Ms. Pac-Man to go to these areas to recover the gems before Mesmerelda can get them first. However, as the Professor is telling Ms. Pac-Man this, he gets sucked into a mirror by the witch, leaving Ms. Pac-Man with the Pactrometer. As she journeys through the areas, she is helped by video messages that the Professor placed in the Pactrometer, and by holograms of Professor Pac.

As Ms. Pac-Man gathers the last of the gems, they are stolen by Mesmerelda. A battle ensues and the witch is defeated and runs away, leaving behind a key. Without the key, Mesmerelda is unable to get into the castle to reach her crystal ball, and thus cannot use the gems.

Ms. Pac-Man returns to fight for the gems, and this time wins, regaining the gems. With them and the Pactrometer, the witch's spell is broken, and Mesmerelda returns to her true form as the princess. Professor Pac, Ms. Pac-Man, and the princess proceed to celebrate their victory.

Other Ms. Pac-Man games
The original Ms. Pac-Man was produced in 1981 and released on February 3, 1982 as an arcade game by Midway Games.

A year after Ms. Pac-Man Maze Madness was released, Ms. Pac-Man: Quest for the Golden Maze was released on PC. While similar in gameplay to Maze Madness, the game includes new elements such as a baby ghost, which causes power-ups to appear when touched, and bonus areas where fruit must be eaten in order to obtain a golden fruit. It was the third and final game that was released starring Ms. Pac Man.

Reception
The Dreamcast, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo 64 versions received "mixed or average reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Nintendo Power said of the N64 version, "The multiplayer mode stumbles," while N64 Magazine gave it a much harsher description: "The Multiplayer mazes are viewed from three-quarters angle — and the blurry visuals make it all but impossible to see what's going on." They also continue comparing the tag games as being "ruined by the fact that the chasers move twice as fast as the other players." Their final comment on the multiplayer mode was simply "Terrible." In Japan, Famitsu gave the PlayStation version a score of 23 out of 40. Game Informer gave the same console version a favorable review over a month before it was released Stateside.

Chris Charla of NextGen said of the PlayStation version in its December 2000 issue: "The maze format makes the game too limited to be the next Ape Escape, but it's definitely worth a look." Later, in its January 2001 issue, Daniel Erickson called the N64 version "A solid package for just about any gamer."

Bad Hare of GamePro said of the PlayStation version in its October 2000 issue, "With three frantic multiplayer modes as well as the original arcade classics, Maze Madness proves the ol' girl still has life in her." Four issues later, however, Human Tornado said that the Dreamcast version "isn't a very strong Pac game, but it does have its moments. If you're hungry for some ghosts, this game might be worth a trip around the maze."

The game was a runner-up for the "Best Multiplayer Game" award at the Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine 2000 Editors' Awards, which went to TimeSplitters.

title: Ms. Pac-Man Maze Madness


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Dulzura, California

Dulzura (Spanish for "Gentleness" or "Sweetness") is an unincorporated community in San Diego County, California.

Geography
The ZIP Code is 91917 and the community is inside area code 619. The community is largely rural and has a population of only about 700 people.

It is located 25 miles southeast of the city of San Diego, about 10 miles north of the U.S.-Mexican border, and on the east side of the San Ysidro Mountains.

History
The name of Dulzura was derived from the root Spanish word dulce ('sweet'); dulzura is another adjective to describe something as sweet, pleasant or having 'gentleness'. One theory suggests that the name was given in relation to the honey industry that had once prospered in the area circa 1869, and with the warmer and dry climate with its mild winters, the area was perhaps considered 'sweet' and 'gentle'.

Although it was also the place-of-death for former Major League Baseball pitcher Eric Show, Dulzura was once best-known as the home of a local candied fruit delicacy known as Clark's 'Pickelized' Figs, produced on Clark Ranch by Frank and Lila Clark from 1908 to 1914; the figs were sold in small casks or firkins at grocery stores across the United States. The advent of World War I resulted in a sugar shortage, effectively ending the prosperous family business. Today, the Clark Ranch remains in the family name, with the original "Pickle House" now being the tasting room for Dulzura Vineyard & Winery.

The Dulzura Schoolhouse was a one-room educational landmark in the community, from the 1900s until it was closed in the 1950s.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Dulzura has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.

title: Dulzura, California


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Hot atom

In physical chemistry, a hot atom is an atom that has a high kinetic or internal energy.

When molecule AB adsorbs on a surface dissociatively,

 * 1) both A and B adsorb on the surface, or
 * 2) only A adsorbs on the surface, and B desorbs from the surface.

In case 2, B gains a high translational energy from the adsorption energy of A, and hot atom B is generated. For example, the hydrogen molecule, because of its light mass, gets a high translational energy. Such a hot atom does not fly into vacuum but is trapped on the surface, where it diffuses with high energy.

Hot atoms are expected to play important roles in catalytic reactions. For example, a reaction of a hydrogen atom with hydrogen atoms on a silicon surface and a reaction of an oxygen atom with oxygen molecules on Pt(111) have been reported. Hot atoms can also be generated by degenerating molecules on a metal surface with UV light. It has been reported that the reactivity of an oxygen atom generated in such a way on a platinum surface is different from that of chemisorbed oxygen atoms. Elucidating the role of hot atoms on surfaces will lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanism of reactions.

title: Hot atom


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Beryllium oxide

Beryllium oxide (BeO), also known as beryllia, is an inorganic compound with the formula BeO. This colourless solid is a electrical insulator with a higher thermal conductivity than any other non-metal except diamond, and exceeds that of most metals. As an amorphous solid, beryllium oxide is white. Its high melting point leads to its use as a refractory material. It occurs in nature as the mineral bromellite. Historically and in materials science, beryllium oxide was called glucina or glucinium oxide, owing to its sweet taste.

Preparation and chemical properties
Beryllium oxide can be prepared by calcining (roasting) beryllium carbonate, dehydrating beryllium hydroxide, or igniting metallic beryllium:
 * BeCO3 → BeO + CO2
 * Be(OH)2 → BeO + H2O
 * 2 Be + O2 → 2 BeO

Igniting beryllium in air gives a mixture of BeO and the nitride Be3N2. Unlike the oxides formed by the other Group 2 elements (alkaline earth metals), beryllium oxide is amphoteric rather than basic.

Beryllium oxide formed at high temperatures (>800 °C) is inert, but dissolves easily in hot aqueous ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) or a solution of hot concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4).

Structure
BeO crystallizes in the hexagonal wurtzite structure, featuring tetrahedral Be2+ and O2− centres, like lonsdaleite and w-BN (with both of which it is isoelectronic). In contrast, the oxides of the larger group-2 metals, i.e., MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, crystallize in the cubic rock salt motif with octahedral geometry about the dications and dianions. At high temperature the structure transforms to a tetragonal form.

In the vapour phase, beryllium oxide is present as discrete diatomic molecules. In the language of valence bond theory, these molecules can be described as adopting sp orbital hybridisation on both atoms, featuring one σ bond (between one sp orbital on each atom) and one π bond (between aligned p orbitals on each atom oriented perpendicular to the molecular axis). Molecular orbital theory provides a slightly different picture with no net σ bonding (because the 2s orbitals of the two atoms combine to form a filled sigma bonding orbital and a filled sigma* anti-bonding orbital) and two π bonds formed between both pairs of p orbitals oriented perpendicular to the molecular axis. The sigma orbital formed by the p orbitals aligned along the molecular axis is unfilled. The corresponding ground state is ...(2sσ)2(2sσ*)2(2pπ)4 (as in the isoelectronic C2 molecule), where both bonds can be considered as dative bonds from oxygen towards beryllium.

Applications
High-quality crystals may be grown hydrothermally, or otherwise by the Verneuil method. For the most part, beryllium oxide is produced as a white amorphous powder, sintered into larger shapes. Impurities, like carbon, can give rise to a variety of colours to the otherwise colourless host crystals.

Sintered beryllium oxide is a very stable ceramic. Beryllium oxide is used in rocket engines and as a transparent protective over-coating on aluminised telescope mirrors.

Beryllium oxide is used in many high-performance semiconductor parts for applications such as radio equipment because it has good thermal conductivity while also being a good electrical insulator. It is used as a filler in some thermal interface materials such as thermal grease. Some power semiconductor devices have used beryllium oxide ceramic between the silicon chip and the metal mounting base of the package to achieve a lower value of thermal resistance than a similar construction of aluminium oxide. It is also used as a structural ceramic for high-performance microwave devices, vacuum tubes, cavity magnetrons, and gas lasers. BeO has been proposed as a neutron moderator for naval marine high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (MGCR), as well as NASA's Kilopower nuclear reactor for space applications.

Safety
BeO is carcinogenic in powdered form and may cause a chronic allergic-type lung disease berylliosis. Once fired into solid form, it is safe to handle if not subjected to machining that generates dust. Clean breakage releases little dust, but crushing or grinding actions can pose a risk.

title: Beryllium oxide


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ryan Saotome

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was userfy, presumably, make this the userpage of User:RyanSaotome. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Ryan Saotome
Vanity, created by user:RyanSaotome. Not notable, see also Autobiography.Thue | talk 06:44, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as per nominator. I also sugguest said subject move article to his own userpage, where it would be better served, as he currently lacks one, it would be a much more appropriate place for such an article. -mysekurity 07:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Suggestion by Mysekurity is a good idea. DarthVader 07:23, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy per Mysekurity. --Angr/undefined 07:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. JamesBurns 09:25, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy. Has edited some other articles afterwards, so not here just for just the vanity. Mgm|(talk) 10:09, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy That's what user pages are for. --JB Adder | Talk 11:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy. Dcarrano 14:04, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Userfy that's what it's for. --Etacar11 00:49, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Todd Hennig

Todd Hennig (born March 29, 1976) is an American punk and hardcore drummer. He was a drummer for Death by Stereo and Heckle.

Hennig joined Death by Stereo after previous drummer Tim Bender left, which was mid-late 2001. He has drummed on two Death by Stereo albums Into the Valley of Death (2003) and Death for Life (2005). In 2002, Todd was hit by a motorist, and had to get his appendix removed, but he recovered in time for the band to be able to play on the 2002 Warped Tour.

In August 2006, Hennig left Death by Stereo to pursue other creative endeavors. He played with punk rock group Sex n violence featuring Gene Bullets, Brent Clawson, and Kevin Besignano from Bullets And Octane, and Criterion Records owner Jeremy Miller.  He currently plays drums for the punk/rock/hardcore band Nations Afire.

with Seven Years War

 * Ranks of the Common People (1996)

with Heckle

 * The Complicated Futility of Ignorance CD/12" LP (1997, Hopeless Records)

with Death by Stereo

 * Into the Valley of Death (2003, Epitaph Records)
 * Death for Life (2005, Epitaph Records)

with Nations Afire

 * The Uprising (2011, Archic)
 * The Ghosts We Will Become (2012, Redfield Records)

title: Todd Hennig