text:
Gaspar de Crayer

Gaspar de Crayer or Jasper de Crayer (18 November 1584 – 27 January 1669) was a Flemish painter known for his many Counter-Reformation altarpieces and portraits. He was a court painter to the governors of the Southern Netherlands and worked in the principal cities of Flanders where he helped spread the Rubens style.

Life
Gaspar de Crayer was born in Antwerp as the son of Gaspard de Crayer the Elder, a decorative painter, illuminator and art dealer. His mother Christina van Abshoven or Apshoven descended from a family of painters who at the time enjoyed some fame, but whose work is barely known now. Rather than stay in Antwerp, he looked for opportunity in the capital Brussels. He is believed to have studied under Raphael Coxie, the court painter of the governors of the Spanish Netherlands Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and Isabella Clara Eugenia. He became a master in the Brussels Guild of Saint Luke in 1607. He was a dean of the Guild from 1611 to 1616 and was a member of the Brussels city council in 1626–1627. He remained in Brussels until 1664.

De Crayer's early works include portraits of the kings of Spain and the Spanish governors and officials who were stationed in the Spanish Netherlands as well as members of the Brussels city council. For example, the Equestrian portrait of Don Diego Messia Felipe de Guzmán (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna) was painted by de Crayer in 1627–1628. In addition, from the beginning of his career de Crayer received orders for altarpieces to decorate several churches and monasteries around Brussels. Although he was still living in Brussels, he played a leading role in the coordination of the monumental decorations for the Joyous Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, brother of King Philip IV of Spain, as governor of the Spanish Netherlands in 1635. He created one of the two triumphal arches on the Vrijdagmarkt in Ghent, depicting scenes of the illustrious deeds of Ferdinand's Ghent-born great-grandfather Charles V. The Cardinal-Infante made him his first court painter in the same year. He later worked as a court painter for the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria who became governor in 1647.

He operated a large workshop which produced portraits of members of the leading classes in Brussels as well as a large number of altarpieces for churches in Flanders and abroad including Germany and Spain. He also received in 1647 a commission from Dutch architect Jacob van Campen to assist in the decoration of Huis ten Bosch, the palace of stadtholder Frederick Henry in The Hague. De Crayer also completed commissions for Spanish patrons, the largest of which was a commission for at least 17 images of saints, possibly destined for the Monastery of St Francis in Burgos. Another important foreign patron was the German Catholic ruler Maximilian Willibald of Waldburg-Wolfegg, for whom de Crayer executed several large altarpieces for the churches in the Palatinate between 1658 and 1666.

Even while he gained a high social position in Brussels, de Crayer did not lose contact with his hometown Antwerp. He was in particular a friend and business associate of the art dealer Matthijs Musson (c. 1600–78), who was also his patron and arranged commissions for him. He married Catharina Janssens on 17 February 1613.

He worked regularly in Ghent where he produced altarpieces. He had previously established a reputation in Ghent: before 1620 he had regularly completed commissions for various religious and secular institutions of the city and he been given an important role in the execution of the monumental decorations for the Joyous Entry into Ghent of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria in 1635. In 1664 he finally moved to this city where he spent the last five years of his life. In spite of his age, he received numerous important orders for altarpieces. Among the numerous paintings made in Ghent stand out the Martyrdom of St. Blas and the works that are in the Saint Bavo's Cathedral.

In his large workshop de Crayer trained between 1610 and 1661 a large number of pupils, including presumably Jan van Cleve (III), Anselm van Hulle and François Monnaville.

Gaspar de Crayer died on 27 January 1669 in Ghent.

Work

Gaspar de Crayer mainly painted portraits of the elite and Counter Reformation altarpieces for local and foreign churches. His early work is in the trend of the 16th century tradition of artists such as Maerten de Vos of Antwerp and Hendrik de Clerck of Brussels who worked in a late Mannerist style. Typical for this style is the unnatural perspective and the crowding of long wooden figures in the foreground. From 1618 he came under the influence of Rubens. The level of borrowing of motifs from Rubens suggests that he had some form of contract with the workshop of Rubens since he could only have seen some models there. The influence is shown in a more monumental rendering of figures in more balanced compositions. Until 1630, de Crayer followed the style of Rubens' Classicist period. The work Mocking of Job (1619, Musée des Augustins, Toulouse) is an example of this style.

After 1630 his work was more influenced by Anthony van Dyck, whose emotionally charged interpretation of religious subjects appealed to his sensibility. His work became more dynamic in conception. He also was influenced by van Dyck's work, which especially in his later work lapsed into pathos.

Between 1638 and 1648 de Crayer's compositions displayed a lighter tonality and his figures became softer and more sentimental in appearance. This may have been under the influence of the later work of Rubens. His work also showed a trace of the Venetian 16th-century masters, in particular the art of Titian and Paolo Veronese. De Crayer, however, never visited Italy and he mainly knew the work through the prints of Agostino Carracci.

In the 1650s and 1660s, de Crayer's art became more emotionally loaded and more dramatic through the deployment of a relatively large number of figures at various planes within the picture space. In the last period, a lot of work produced by his workshop surfaced and his rich and warm palette became increasingly dull.

title: Gaspar de Crayer


text:
Talk:Fréjus Rail Tunnel

Untitled

 * Article: de:Mont-Cenis-Tunnel
 * Corresponding English-language article: Mont Cenis Tunnel
 * Worth doing because: Notable railway tunnel, one of the longest in the world, linked from articles like Hoosac Tunnel
 * Originally Requested by: Econrad 30 June 2005 19:13 (UTC)
 * Status: done Lectonar 14:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

no mention of train accident, please review
..as redirected from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_disasters_by_death_toll#Train_accidents_and_disasters

Anyone know anything about this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.0.74.138 (talk) 18:27, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

 * That would be Accident ferroviaire de Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, which means that the redirect shouldn't be to the tunnel, but to the French line (Culoz–Modane railway. But, the details are actually in the article for the Italian line: Turin–Modane railway.  This is a legacy of the recent renaming of these articles, I'll try to fix it. Tim PF (talk) 21:55, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Okay, the link from List of accidents and disasters by death toll so that it points to "Culoz–Modane railway", which is an anchor with a further link to "Turin–Modane railway". Tim PF (talk) 22:17, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This was changed some time ago to link via the Fréjus railway accident redirect page to "Turin–Modane railway".
 * There is now a separate Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment article derived from that section (which has now been pruned), and soon everything should point to it. Tim PF (talk) 14:12, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Inset
Add the date the tunnel opened to the inset at top R.

Jimlue (talk) 10:22, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Fréjus Rail Tunnel


text:
User talk:A!eX

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:34, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:A!eX


text:
Talk:Industrial archaeology

Untitled
What's that word list supposed to be? Actually, aqueducts have been around far longer than back to the Industrial Revolution. --Abdull 14:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that should be taken out completely, since it appears to be just an unconnected list of stuff related to industries. The "Exclusions" section makes no sense, also. Could we get some clarification? --Nucleusboy 22:56, 25 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd be in favour of it being moved to a side page perhaps, as it seems to dominate the article. A few items that are often studied are probably worth mentioning though... ++Lar 02:33, 26 December 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a list of things that are often studied? I don't see why we need to have a list of all of the possible things that an Industrial Archaeologist might study; does this mean that Electronics should have links to every article remotely related to electronics, like Electron or Copper? --Nucleusboy 02:32, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Er, I was agreeing with you! Sorry if that wasn't clear. I think leaving a vastly shortened list in the article to give an idea of what it's about (if the 4 points at the very top were judged not sufficient), and then moving the rest of the list to List of industrial archaeology topics article is the way to go. That say I would think that, actually, Electron and copper do belong in the electronics article, can't have electronics without electrons, and copper is hugely important,, but Field doped CMOS substrate and Molex connector and Multi chip module and picoFarad (made some of those up, they may not all be articles) probably do not... if anything they belong in a list of terms, if at all. Helps? Perhaps either you or I should go ahead and be bold and carve the list out to a separate article? ++Lar 03:18, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good idea... can you think of a good title? --Nucleusboy 20:31, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * List of industrial archaeology topics was the best I could come up with... if you can think of a better one, please use it instead! ++Lar 20:57, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll go with that one. --Nucleusboy 21:05, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * List moved to List of industrial archaeology topics. It could use work, though. So could this article. --F a ng Aili 21:24, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

This article needs to be internationalised to reflect the fact that Industrial Archaeology is not solely English in focus.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Industrial archaeology


text:
User talk:Gavinnauss

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:35, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Dalai Lama Articles
Hi Gavinnauss, I appreciate you efforts to add dates for the succession boxes on the Dalai Lama articles, but they are incorrect. The date that they were all born is not the same date as when they became the Dalai Lama. Take Thubten Gyatso for example. According to the German Wikipedia, he was born in 1876 and became Dalai Lama on Feb. 12, 1878. --Hottentot

 * Really? I am very sorry! The way I had understood it is that a Dalai Lama was Dalai Lama throughout his whole life, even from the day he was born. However, I appreciate the feedback! I will correct it as much as I am able, unless you have already. ^ ^ --Gavin 18:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Moving user pages
Hi Gavinnauss, I had to move your user page back to Gavinnauss (from Gavin Nauss) because when you do that you can't view your contributions anymore. Sorry. You could always start a new account called User:Gavin Nauss. --Hottentot

 * Ah well, it's okay. I don't really mind. ^ ^ --Gavin

If you want to change your username to "Gavin Nauss", this can be easily done (this is a new feature of the Mediawiki software since about a month ago). You just need to ask one of the bureaucrats who have the power to do this (ordinary admins don't). They will probably need to delete the redirects at User:Gavin Nauss and User talk:Gavin Nauss first. -- Curps 02:02, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada page as living in or being associated with New Brunswick. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in New Brunswick for instructions.--Rmky87 21:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there! -- user:zanimum

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gavinnauss


text:
User talk:Rasamassen

Nomination for deletion of Template:Beta Sigma Psi Presidents
Template:Beta Sigma Psi Presidents has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 01:00, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rasamassen


text:
Barney Morris

Barney Morris (June 3, 1910 – May 24, 1962) was an American baseball player in the Negro leagues. A skillful pitcher, he played for the Monroe Monarchs, the Bismarck Churchills, the Pittsburgh Crawfords, and the New York Cubans. He died in New York in May 1962.

title: Barney Morris


text:
Doreen Massey

Doreen Massey may refer to:
 * Doreen Massey, Baroness Massey of Darwen (1938–2024), Labour member of the House of Lords
 * Doreen Massey (geographer) (1944–2016), British social scientist and geographer

title: Doreen Massey


text: Category:Tennis venues

title: Category:Tennis venues


text:
Talk:Zadar

Name
the historical section of the page does not meet the minimum criteria of historiographical reliability. A team of croatian users, probably hierarchically and organically organizad, mystify sistematically the history of the town. They are very professional in what was called "Damnatio memoriae". The italian name "Zara" is simply forbidden, banned, damned. Do not try to change this. Zara simply doesn't exit — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.58.215.209 (talk) 07:51, 29 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Forget Wikipedia for anything related to Croatia geography and history it is not reliable. I see the same happening on most wiki page about Croatia and therefore all articles are presented with a strong nationalistic bias. It is a pity as it deprives Dalmatia from the richness of the cultures that lived there in centuries. I assume that while for Croatian editors it is important to ensure the historical narrative confirming their identity, others like Italians editors stopped caring long time ago. To go back to your comment I indeed find not up to wiki standards that the name that Zadar had for the last 400+ years is not even mentioned on main page and hidden childishly near the Tuscan (?) name.2A02:A455:1506:1:41C4:9CCF:D115:E663 (talk) 23:37, 6 December 2020 (UTC)DocG4

Lead section
Does it need all this text? The area of present-day Zadar traces its earliest evidence of human life from the late Stone Age, while numerous settlements date as early as the Neolithic.[citation needed] Before the Illyrians, an ancient Mediterranean people of an Indo-European culture inhabited the area. Zadar traces its origin to its 9th-century BC founding as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians known as Iader.[citation needed]

In 59 BC, it was renamed Iadera when it became a Roman municipium. In 48 BC it became a Roman colonia. During Roman rule Zadar acquired the characteristics of a traditional Ancient Roman city with a regular road network, a public square (forum), and an elevated capitolium with a temple.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and the destruction of Salona by the Avars and Croats in 614, Zadar became the capital of the Byzantine theme of Dalmatia. In the beginning of the 9th century, Zadar came briefly under Frankish rule, but the Pax Nicephori returned it to the Byzantines in 812. The first Croatian rulers gained brief control over the city in 10th century. In 998 Zadar swore allegiance to Doge Pietro Orseolo II and became a vassal of the Republic of Venice. In 1186 it placed itself under the protection of Béla III, King of Hungary and Croatia.

In 1202, the Venetians, with the help of Crusaders, reconquered and sacked Zadar. Hungary regained control over the city in 1358, when it was given to king Louis I of Hungary. In 1409, king Ladislaus I sold Zadar to the Venetians. When the Ottoman Empire conquered the Zadar hinterland at the beginning of the 16th century, the town became an important stronghold, ensuring Venetian trade in the Adriatic, the administrative center of the Venetian territories in Dalmatia and a cultural center. This fostered an environment in which arts and literature could flourish, and between the 15th and 17th centuries Zadar came under the influence of the Renaissance, giving rise to many important Italian Renaissance figures like Giorgio Ventura and Giovanni Francesco Fortunio, who wrote the first Italian grammar book, and many Croatian writers, such as Petar Zoranić, Brne Krnarutić, Juraj Baraković and Šime Budinić, who wrote in Croatian.

After the fall of Venice in 1797, Zadar came under Austrian rule until 1918, except for a period of short-term French rule (1805–1813), still remaining the capital of Dalmatia. During French rule the first newspaper in Croatian, Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin, was published in Zadar (1806–1810). During the 19th century Zadar functioned as a center of the Croatian movement for cultural and national revival in a context of increasing polarization and politicization of ethnic identities between Croats and Dalmatian Italians.

With the 1920 Treaty of Rapallo Zadar was given to the Kingdom of Italy. During World War II, it was bombed by the Allies and witnessed the evacuation of ethnic Italians. Partisans captured the city on 1 November[citation needed] 1944; in 1947 it officially became part of SR Croatia, a federal constituent of the SFR Yugoslavia, whose armed forces defended it in October 1991 from the Serb forces who aimed to capture it.

shouldn't it be in history section? LibStar (talk) 06:35, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I also refer to Manual of Style/Lead section, which says As a general rule of thumb, a lead section should contain no more than four well-composed paragraphs and be carefully sourced as appropriate, although it is common for citations to appear in the body, and not the lead. LibStar (talk) 04:37, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

The usual pathetic croatian nationalistic article about a croatian city
Croats built everything, croats were the victims, croats were the native people of the city, the culture was only croatian...how long can wikipedia survive when there are so many biased articles? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.24.86.241 (talk) 18:17, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zadar


text:
User talk:Andel

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:39, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Pan-Iranist flag
Hi. Thanks for designing the flags. Would you please upload a variant of File:Flag of Pan-Iranist-Party.svg with red background and the inequality sign in black? (see here: http://pan-iranist.net/page/37) I was also wondering if you could make a vector version of File:Islamic Nations Party Flag.jpg. Pahlevun (talk) 22:09, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi Pahlevun; You can find the Files under File:Flag of Pan-Iranist-Party alt.svg and File:Islamic_Nations_Party_Flag.svg, respectively. Let me know if you need other similar logos/flags. Cheers, Andel (talk) 13:05, 14 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Well done! Thank you Andel, I will notify you. Pahlevun (talk) 16:42, 14 April 2018 (UTC)

This media file is a derivative work incorporating another work or works...
Hi, you added a "This media file is a derivative work incorporating another work or works..." message to my upload File:Debian_11_with_GNOME_desktop.png, but did not state exactly what the "derivative work" was, so I'm assuming you meant the screenshot of Debian's website, which is licensed by Software in the Public Interest, Inc. under the GPL. . I've added that information to the page - can I remove the notice now, or is there anything else I need to add? Regards, Граймс (talk) 12:33, 15 August 2021 (UTC)

Missing states in image "Transition metal oxidation states"
Hi, I just wanted to point you that John Baez wrote in Talk:Transition metal about some possible missing states in, I suspect most of the messages on article's talk pages go unnoticed so wanted to left a note here just to be sure. Thank you very much for contributing with this image and best regards. Dabed (talk) 02:09, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much @Dabed and and Matt Cliff! Ru(II) and Ru(III) were indeed missing. I fixed the image. Cheers, Andel (talk) 14:09, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for fixing it! John Baez (talk) 02:39, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andel


text:
Edges of the Lord

Edges of the Lord is a 2001 film, written and directed by Yurek Bogayevicz, starring Willem Dafoe and Haley Joel Osment. The film, set in Poland during World War II, tells the story of a wealthy Jewish boy who must pose as a Catholic peasant farmland local in order to avoid capture from Nazi forces.

Plot
Romek (Haley Joel Osment) is the son of a wealthy Jewish couple. When the Nazis invade Poland, the family contacts an old friend and tasks him to hide their son. During this plight, Romek poses as the Catholic nephew of a local farmer (Olaf Lubaszenko), with the aid of a compassionate Catholic priest (Willem Dafoe).

Despite his Jewish upbringing, Romek quickly learns of the Catholic traditions and manages to apply them. The peasants face constant harassment from Nazis, wherein a Hitler youth member rapes one local child. One night, Romek sees the same youth member harassing another local wherein he shoots him dead. A Nazi commander awards him a Nazi uniform and cloak, which he then uses to free some Jews and other locals mistaken as Jews. Tolo joins the other captives in solidarity.

Cast

 * Haley Joel Osment as Romek
 * Willem Dafoe as Priest
 * Liam Hess as Tolo
 * Richard Banel as Vladek
 * Olaf Lubaszenko as Gniecio
 * Małgorzata Foremniak as Manka
 * Andrzej Grabowski as Kluba
 * Chiril Vahonin as Robal
 * Olga Frycz as Maria
 * Eugene Osment as German officer at Batylin Field
 * Krzysztof Pieczyński as German officer at Trains

Release history
The film was first released in theatres in 2001, in Poland. In 2002, it had theatrical releases in Spain, the Czech Republic, Japan, Italy, Portugal and Hong Kong. In the Czech Republic, it was shown at the Febio Film Festival. Other theatrical releases included Kazakhstan, in 2007 and Belgium, in 2008, among other countries. The film had direct-to-DVD releases in Sweden (2002) and the United States (2005). The 2005 release of the film in the United States, by its distributor, Miramax/Buuna Vista, was subject to criticism for delay.

Critical reception
The film was not widely reviewed, and the published reviews were mixed. Haley Joel Osment was described by one reviewer as having an "unusual emotional depth" in the film, where he "emotionally centers the film, with a balanced, thoughtful portrait". This reviewer also correctly predicted that because the film was shot in English, with many of the actors speaking with Polish accents, it would quickly go to video and TV. David Nusair described the film as "a fairly decent set-up that's entirely squandered by Bogayevicz, with the filmmaker's apparent inability to develop these characters beyond their most superficial attributes surely playing a key role in the movie's ultimate (and colossal) downfall." Reviewer John J. Puccio described the film as "a movie that starts grimly, lightens up slightly, and then gets very gloomy, indeed."

Awards
The film won the award for Best Screenplay (by Yurek Bogayevicz, who also directed the film) at the 2001 Polish Film Festival. The film was also nominated for six awards at the 2002 Polish Film Awards: Best Film, Best Supporting Actress (Olga Frycz), Best Director (Yurek Bogayevicz), Best Screenplay (Yurek Bogayevicz), Best Cinematography (Paweł Edelman) and Best Costume Design (Jagna Janicka)

title: Edges of the Lord


text:
Talk:U.S. Route 160

Untitled
If you are travelling through Kansas, the section of 160 from Medicine Lodge, Kansas to Coldwater, Kansas through the Gypsum Hills, Kansas area is a very pretty drive. N0YKG 14:40, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

May not actually be in New Mexico, unreal huh?
According to this, US 160 is not in New Mexico, I guess. Synchronism (talk) 06:00, 21 April 2009 (UTC)
 * If that's one of the "omg the Four Corners was surveyed wrong" articles, the surveyed location is the one everyone uses. --NE2 11:32, 4 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.S. Route 160


text:
March of the Penguins

March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to survive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months.

It took one year for the two isolated cinematographers Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Maison to shoot the documentary, which was shot around the French scientific base of Dumont d'Urville in Adélie Land.

March of the Penguins was released in France on 26 January 2005 by Buena Vista International France and in the United States by Warner Independent Pictures on 24 June 2005. The documentary won the 2006 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. On 1 June 2010, a home video release in France included the movie in the Disneynature collection. A direct sequel titled March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step (aka March of the Penguins 2: The Call) was released in France in 2017 by Disneynature. It was released in the United States exclusively on Hulu on 23 March 2018. It is named as one of the most successful documentaries in North America and France.

Subject matter
The emperor penguins use a particular spot as their breeding ground because it is on ice that is solid year round with no danger of the ice becoming too soft to support the colony that exists. At the end of Antarctic summer, the breeding ground is only a few hundred meters away from the open water where the penguins can feed. However, by the end of winter, the breeding ground is over 100 km away from the nearest open water. To reach it, all the penguins of breeding age must traverse this great distance.

The penguins practice serial monogamy within each breeding season. The female lays a single egg, and the co-operation of the parents is needed if the chick is to survive. After the female lays the egg, she transfers it to the feet of the waiting male with minimal exposure to the elements, as the intense cold could kill the developing embryo. The male tends to the egg when the female returns to the sea, now even farther away, both to feed herself and to obtain extra food for feeding her chick when she returns. The male has not eaten in two months and by the time the female leaves the hatching area, she will have lost a third of her body weight producing the egg.

For an additional two months, the males huddle together for warmth, and incubate their eggs. They endure temperatures approaching -62 °C, and their only source of water is snow that falls on the breeding ground. When the chicks hatch, the males have only a small meal to feed them, and if the female does not return, they must abandon their chick and return to the sea to feed themselves. By the time they return, the males have lost half their weight and have not eaten for four months. The chicks are also at risk from predatory birds such as northern giant petrels.

The mother penguins come back and feed their young, while the male penguins go all the way back to sea (70 miles) to feed themselves. This gives the mothers time to feed their young ones and bond with them. Unfortunately, a fierce storm arrives and some of the chicks perish.

The death of a chick is tragic, but it does allow the parents to return to the sea to feed for the rest of the breeding season. When a mother penguin loses its young in a fierce storm, it sometimes attempts to steal another mother's chick. When the other parent returns, it can recognize the chick only from its unique call. Many parents die on the trip, killed by exhaustion or by predators (such as the leopard seal), dooming their chicks back at the breeding ground.

The ingenious fight against starvation is a recurring theme throughout the documentary. In one scene, near-starving chicks are shown taking sustenance out of their father's throat sacs, 11th-hour nourishment in the form of a milky, protein-rich substance secreted from a sac in the father's throat to feed their chicks in the event that circumstances require.

The parents must then tend to the chick for an additional four months, shuttling back and forth to the sea to provide food for their young. As spring progresses, the trip gets progressively easier as the ice melts and the distance to the sea decreases, until finally the parents can leave the chicks to fend for themselves.

Production
The DVD version includes a 54-minute film entitled Of Penguins and Men made by the film crew Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Mason about the filming of March of the Penguins.

Director and film crew spent more than 13 months at the Dumont d'Urville Station, where the Institut polaire français Paul-Émile Victor is based. Although the penguins' meeting place, one of four in Antarctica, was known to be near, the day on which it occurs is not known, so they had to be ready every day. Fortunately, the gathering that year was huge – more than 1,200 penguins, compared with the norm of a few hundred.

For cameras to operate at −40°, they had to use film and to load all the film for the day, as it was impossible to reload outside. Because of the isolation from any film studios, remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished.

The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between -50 and -60 C. At dawn, the film crew would spend half an hour putting on six layers of clothes, and on some days they could not spend more than three hours outside. They worked in winds with gusts up to 125 miles per hour, "which in some ways is worse than the cold temperatures" according to director Jaquet.

International versions
The style of the documentary differs considerably between the original French version and some of the international versions.

The original French-language release features a romanticized first-person narrative as if the story is being told by the penguins themselves. The narration alternates between a female (Romane Bohringer) and a male (Charles Berling) narrator speaking the alternate roles of the female and male penguin, and as the chicks are born, their narration is handled by child actor Jules Sitruk. This style is mimicked in some of the international versions. For example, in the Hungarian version, actors Ákos Kőszegi, Anna Kubik, and Gábor Morvai provide the voices of the penguins, and the German version as seen in German movie theaters (and in the televised broadcast in April 2007 on channel ProSieben) uses the voices of Andrea Loewig, Thorsten Michaelis, and Adrian Kilian for the "dubbed dialog" of the penguins. This style of narration is also used in the Danish and Cantonese DVD versions.

The French release was handled by Buena Vista International France, a division of Walt Disney Studios. Disney also attempted to get US distribution rights to the film, but their bid ultimately failed; the English-language distribution rights were later acquired at the Sundance documentary festival in January 2005 by Adam Leipzig of National Geographic Films, who had forged a distribution partnership with Warner Bros. Pictures via their Warner Independent Pictures label. In contrast to the French version, their English release uses a more traditional third-person narrative by a single voice, actor Morgan Freeman. Similarly, the Austrian channel ORF 1 used for their broadcast in April 2007, the alternate version available on the German "Special Edition" DVD which uses a documentary narration voiceover spoken by the German actor Sky Du Mont. Other releases' narrators include the Dutch version, narrated by Belgian comedian Urbanus; the Indian version, narrated in Hindi and English by Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan, is titled Penguins: A Love Story; the Polish version, narrated by Polish actor Marek Kondrat; and the Swedish version, narrated by Swedish actor Gösta Ekman. The Filipino version is narrated by actress Sharon Cuneta and translated by Chris Martinez and Eugene Evasco; it is entitled Penguin, Penguin, Paano Ka Ginawa? (English: Penguin, Penguin, How Were You Made?) with the English title as the subtitle. The Filipino title is similar to that of a Philippine novel and film, Bata, Bata, Paano Ka Ginawa? (English: Child, Child, How Were You Made?)

Another difference between the various international versions involves the music. The original version uses an original experimental soundtrack by electronic music composer Émilie Simon, whereas the English-language version replaces it with an instrumental score by Alex Wurman. The Hindi version happens to use the music from the French version.

Reception
The first screening of the documentary was at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States on 21 January 2005. It was released in France the next week, on 26 January, where it earned a 4-star rating from AlloCiné, and was beaten at the box office only by The Aviator during its opening week.

The original French version was released in the Canadian province of Québec. Subsequently, Warner Bros and National Geographic's English-language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005, drawing huge praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming. March of the Penguins has an approval rating of 94% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 184 reviews, and an average rating of 7.82/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Only the most hardened soul won't be moved by this heartwarming doc". Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". The documentary also proved popular with moviegoers, distinguishing itself as one of the most successful documentaries of the season on a per-theatre basis: it became the second most successful documentary released in North America, after Fahrenheit 9/11, grossing over $77 million in the United States and Canada (in nominal dollars, from 1982 to the present.) It grossed over $127 million worldwide. It is the only movie from Warner Independent to be rated G by the MPAA.

Home media
The French version of the documentary was released on DVD in France by Buena Vista Home Entertainment France on 26 July 2005 with a Blu-Ray release from Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment France on 31 October 2008. It was later reissued on DVD on 1 June 2010 as a Disneynature product. The DVD extras address some of the criticisms the documentary had attracted, most notably by reframing the documentary as a scientific study and adding facts to what would otherwise have been a family film. This Region 2 release featured no English audio tracks or subtitles.

The English version was released on DVD in the United States by Warner Home Video on 29 November 2005. It was never released on VHS by Warner Home Video, due to A Very Long Engagement being the last VHS by Warner Independent. It however spawned a VHS in French locations, such as French Canadian regions. It was later released on Blu-Ray by Warner on 27 March 2007. Neither release contains the French language version of the movie.

An extra on the DVD issue was the controversial 1948 Bugs Bunny cartoon Frigid Hare, in which Bugs visits the South Pole and meets a young penguin fleeing an Inuk hunter. The cartoon is not frequently seen because of its stereotypical depiction of the Inuk hunter, but it was included here uncut and uncensored. This is substituted in the American release with 8 Ball Bunny, likewise uncut and uncensored. The American release also includes an episode of Crittercam that highlighted the emperor penguins.

Video games
In November 2006, the documentary was adapted into a video game by DSI Games for the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance platforms. It features Lemmings-like gameplay.

Parodies
A 2005 French ad for the movie shows a man describing the movie to a coworker while referring to the penguins as "emperors", which results in the coworker imagining hundreds of Napoleons travelling through Antarctica.

In 2007, a direct-to-DVD parody written and directed by Bob Saget called Farce of the Penguins was released. It is narrated by Samuel L. Jackson and features other stars providing voice-overs for the penguins. Although the film uses footage from actual nature documentaries about penguins, the parody was not allowed to include footage from March of the Penguins itself.

Political and social interpretations
The documentary attracted some political and social commentary in which the penguins were viewed anthropomorphically as having similarities with, and even lessons for, human society. Michael Medved praised the documentary for promoting conservative family values by showing the value of stable parenthood. Medved's comments provoked responses by others, including Andrew Sullivan, who pointed out that the penguins are not in fact monogamous for more than one year, in reality practicing serial monogamy. Matt Walker of New Scientist pointed out that many emperor penguin "adoptions" of chicks are in fact kidnappings, as well as behaviours observed in other penguin species, such as ill treatment of weak chicks, prostitution, and ostracism of rare albino penguins. "For instance, while it is true that emperor penguins often adopt each other's chicks, they do not always do so in a way the moralisers would approve of." Sullivan and Walker both conclude that trying to use animal behavior as an example for human behavior is a mistake.

The director, Luc Jacquet, has condemned such comparisons between penguins and humans. Asked by the San Diego Union Tribune to comment on the documentary's use as "a metaphor for family values – the devotion to a mate, devotion to offspring, monogamy, self-denial", Jaquet responded: "I condemn this position. I find it intellectually dishonest to impose this viewpoint on something that's part of nature. It's amusing, but if you take the monogamy argument, from one season to the next, the divorce rate, if you will, is between 80 to 90 percent... the monogamy only lasts for the duration of one reproductive cycle. You have to let penguins be penguins and humans be humans."

Some of the controversy over this may be media driven. Rich Lowry, editor of National Review, reported in the magazine's blog that the BBC "have been harassing me for days over March of the Penguins ... about what, I'm not sure. I think to see if I would say on air that penguins are God's instruments to pull America back from the hell-fire, or something like that. As politely as I could I told her, 'Lady, they're just birds.'"

Another controversy involves those who feel that the emperor penguin's behavior can be viewed as an indication of intelligent design and those who consider it to be an example of evolution by natural selection in action. Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College London, is quoted as saying, "Supporters of intelligent design think that if they see something they don't understand, it must be God; they fail to recognise that they themselves are part of evolution. It appeals to ignorance, which is why there is a lot of it in American politics at the moment." Author Susan Jacoby claims in her 2008 book, The Age of American Unreason, that the distributors of the movie deliberately avoided using the word "evolution" in order to avoid backlash from the American religious right, and writes, "As it happens, the emperor penguin is literally a textbook example, cited in college-level biology courses, of evolution by means of natural selection and random mutation. ... The financial wisdom of avoiding any mention of evolution was borne out at the box office ..."

Sequel
March of the Penguins 2: The Next Step (L'Empereur) was released by Disneynature in France on 15 February 2017, with narration by Lambert Wilson. The film was alternatively titled March of the Penguins 2: The Call.

Skipping a theatrical release in the US, the film was released as a Hulu exclusive on 23 March 2018, with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as narrator. It was later released on DVD in the UK by Lionsgate Films on 5 November.

The sequel was released to moderate success and received positive reviews, scoring 100% on Rotten Tomatoes based on five reviews.

Funding

 * IBM
 * The Heising-Simons Foundation
 * CPB

title: March of the Penguins


text:
Talk:Comparison of handheld game consoles

Cover all the bases
..not just the consoles that still have new games coming out. I also feel that they should either be listed in alphabetical order or in order of the date on which they came out. Yes? No? By the way, great work so far, that table is really "sharp" looking! :) --Naha|(talk) 15:11, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I added some pictures to the gallery of most handheld consoles that have come out (and are not completely unknown systems), I may do some other work on the other sections of the article for adding additional information on these systems. Any help would greatly be appreciated. Xizer 22:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Glad you guys like it. I think listing it alphabetical would be best. Btw, do you guys think that there is something missing from the article, some tables, info what not that we could make another section below spec? Also, I think the name "gaming consoles" is better then "gaming systems" so let's keep this. Havok 00:20, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This is starting to shape up nicely! Its a good article. I hope I have time to work on it soon, my wikitime has been minimal the last 3 or 4 days, hope to be back in "full force" soon.  Good work on all the photos.  I don't know what is missing yet, I'm sure there are more things that can be added, I just can't think of what they would be right now.  As far as changing the name of the article, it needs to happen, but we need to drop the "Comparison of" in my opinion, and just let it be "Handheld Gaming Consoles" (or systems).  --Naha|(talk) 02:54, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Specs table
I think we should split Specs in two, one for the actual CPU, memory and such, and create a whole new section for memory storage, gaming cartridges etc. The section is beginning to become a little "full", and words are starting to bleed into the cells next to it. Havok 10:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you mean in reagards to words bleeding into adjacent cells. This does not happen in my browser at all, there is ample room.  I'm using IE6 though.  Wouldn't mind seeing a screenshot lol.  I'd have to see the two seperate sections before I could make a judgement call on that ..right now it looks pretty clean looking, sharp and cut and dry /shrug. --Naha|(talk) 20:37, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * It looks fine to me. If you are not using Mozilla Firefox you should download it and use it as the primary browser - i have not seen any compatibility errors yet.--Zxcvbnm 21:41, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok I still don't see the above problem, BUT now I have to scroll sideways to get to the last two colums on the Specs table. Some of the colums have too much extra white spaced, if it could be condensed, that problem could be solved, I think. --Naha|(talk) 22:52, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Same thing just happened to me. It messes the article border up. There needs to be another table under that one.--Zxcvbnm 23:33, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah I guess so, poo =/ --Naha|(talk) 00:23, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

It dosn't bleed anymore. But horizontal scrolling is unforgiving, and should not happen. Havok 20:23, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

I'm not sure if there was reasoning behind having just two columns in the second specs table, and seven in the first; but I just moved three columns from the first, making it five and five. -shuri 11:38, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Price
I really don't think it should say discontinued if the system is no longer being produced, I think it should say the price that the system cost when it initially came out on the market because that is much more informative. Or at LEAST the price next to "discontinued" in parenthesis. --Naha|(talk) 12:25, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok I see someone took my suggestion, thats great! But I would like to know where you guys are getting your pricing info from, because I think some of them might be wrong. Nintendo.com stated one suggsted retail price for the Gameboy color ($79.95) and our wiki article says $100. Scroll down to the bottom of this link for the price reference: " With a Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price of just $79.95, Game Boy Color will have a good relationship with your pocket in more ways than one." --Naha|(talk) 05:34, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Will this ever be complete?
I'm gonna slap whoever keeps on adding pictures of games consoles @ the bottom without adding them to the tables. Will we have to keep adding them every time someone discovers some obscure console? Trip: The Light Fantastic 17:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Encyclopedias are supposed to have everything. Leaving some consoles out would be like the Encyclopedia Brittanica having an entry for the African Elephant but not the Indian Elephant.--Zxcvbnm 17:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia will NEVER be complete. It is constantly evolving. And yes, this article will continue to evolve with it as more consoles are discovered and new ones are produced.  We wouldn't be doing anyone any favors by leaving one out here and there.  Furthermore, there is nothing wrong with adding the pictures in the table and not adding them to the chart. Granted it would be nice, but some people might be confused by the code of the chart and think it best to leave that job to someone more experienced. I was in that boat when I first started contributing. Over time, people's contributions become larger, more detailed and more efficient. Or the might simply not have time to do both the pictures and the table editing. Its not a big deal, someone else will come along and make everything match.  The goal is to make every article as complete as it can possibly get.  Every contribution (that is not vandalism etc.) is usually helpful. --Naha|(talk) 22:39, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Units
Why are the units (MB, MHz) right next to the numbers (64, 128)? shouldn't there be a space between them? I agree that in some cases it looks cleaner, but in others it looks too closely packed. What's the deal with this? -mysekurity 04:25, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Spaces added, looks better now. -shuri 11:45, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Featured list
Once this article is exhaustive, I think it would be a good Featured list candidate. I just nominated List of commercial failures in computer and video gaming there, please comment on that too. Jacoplane 17:17, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

What about the Game & Watch?
I think the Game & Watch should be recognized in this list, as was essentially one of the first "portable" gaming machines.

 * Technically, it's not a handheld gaming console, as defined by that parent page. Each G&W only plays the game built into it, instead of playing multiple games. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 18:12, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Organization of tables?
How are the tables currently organized? It looks like Nintendo's consoles are listed first; I can't make sense of the rest. Should they be organized by release date? Joshfist 04:22, 2005 August 8 (UTC)
 * If someone wants the daunting task of rearranging the tables according to release date, go right ahead. Havok 07:33, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Done -shuri 13:28, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Great work. Havok 18:04, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Names
What has determined, if anything, the form of the names used? Some have manufacturers (Atari Lynx, Nokia N-Gage), others not. -shuri 11:35, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Pocket Famicom
I was wondering if the Pocket Famicom counts as a handheld console, despite being a handheld hardware clone of the Famicom, and being illegal (becuase it was an unliscensed Nintendo product). Just wanted to make sure; if it belongs in the list I'll add it. --gakon5 (talk) 21:48, August 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * According to the article Nintendo sued the company that makes this product and lost, so I don't think it's illegal. So if that's true, I see no problem in adding it to the list. Perhaps you should wait for more feedback though. Jacoplane 22:44, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

more than tables
would it be logical at all to include objective comparisons of the popularity, both in the past and present of these systems? Lockeownzj00 16:12, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If anyone wants to write objective about the different handhelds, they should go right a head. Would be cool to see what people can come up with. ;) Havok 17:43, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

What about Virtual Boy?
Should we include the Nintendo Virtual Boy. I know it isn't technically "handheld" or even "portable," but it is pretty important. It caused Gunpei Yokoi, the inventor of the Game Boy, the D-pad and the Virtual Boy, to get fired. -Hyad 07:41, August 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * He wasn't fired, he left because of the desgrace he felt the VB gave Nintendo. :P And I wouldn't consider VB a "handheld". ;) Havok 07:55, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Any particular reason why this isn't a handheld? It's not a home console system is it? Perhaps we should just include it for completeness. I'm not sure the game & watch shouldn't be included either. It seems to have been a pioneer system in this category of gaming systems. Jacoplane 01:19, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Then we must first find out what defines a "handheld". The VB was markedet as a handheld, but you didn't hold it in your hand, you put it on a table and held a controller, much like any console. When it comes to the G&W, it is a handheld, but it only playes one game, so should it be considered a true gaming handheld? Havok 07:09, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * But, you can't categorize it anywhere else (the G&W), and the fact it only plays one game doesn't keep it from being a video game console, or handheld, IMO. And the Virtual Boy, I'd call it portable, but it's not the play-wherever-you-want sort of portable, more like a... take-it-with-you-wherever-you-want-and-set-it-up-and-play-it-when-possible sort of handheld.  That pretty much puts it in a league of it's own, no? --gakon5 (talk) 14:26, August 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Then we should add G&W then, but not VB. Since it's in a league of it's own. Havok 16:17, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Launch Prices
What are the sources for these launch prices? Why are some of them ranges? The Launch price should be the MSRP for the product on the launch date. Also, I have a source that says that the Gameboy launched at 169, not 109. Can someone confirm/deny this? --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:41, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, shouldn't we include the launch prices for currently sold systems? This info is useful for comparing newer system launches, and also, when the systems themselves are decomissioned, we'll want to have the launch price handy. For example, The DS is listed as 130, but it launched at 149.99.  Ohh... one last point, I'm pretty sure that almost all of these launch prices should have ".99" appended to them.  It seems silly to truncate the .99, rather than perform an actual rounding up, which is more accurate.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:49, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * And last (sorry for all this), what do people think of having a column for the price of a cartridge at launch? We can use the price of the most popular launch title, or something. Many people criticize comparisons of this nature as they fail to appreciate that game manufacturers usually sell the unit at a loss, planning on recouping the loss through game sales.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:53, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Some systems sell for multiple price points: the Gizmondo, for instance, has 2 different prices, one with ads before you play; and some systems have different power levels, the Zodiac for instance Kertrats 22:03, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Most review sites (Cnet, etc.) reviewed the Zodiac1 and Zodiac2 as separate products. Either way, I would expect that both are reflected in the price comparison somehow.  --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 22:14, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Errors
The page presents an error and then loads with the error in the background at the top:

"Warning: rename(/mnt/upload/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/120px-390px-Gp32-flu.jpg,/mnt/upload/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/390px-Gp32-flu.jpg/120px-390px-Gp32-flu.jpg): Not a directory in /usr/local/apache/common-local/php-1.5/includes/Image.php on line 970"

Sombody will want to have a look at that. I don't know enough to really understand what it means, but I'm assuming it has to do with a gallery picture. Just for reference, I'm running Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6 on Ubuntu Linux 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog Release). --Matt 09:15, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Does "public release date" mean "American release date"?
I note that the Gizmondo is listed as having a release date in the future (as I write this), yet it has been on sale in the UK for several months. I can only assume that the date given is the U.S. release date, but that's hardly the first public release.

This makes we wonder how many of the other public release dates are U.S.-centric.

I suggest that either the dates be amended to the actual public release (i.e., first availability to the public anywhere), or some more detailed scheme be used. At the very least, I suggest that the country or region that the date applies to be stated, along with information about whether that specific date was also the first release anywhere.

Fcw 18:00, 20 September 2005 (UTC)

 * One possibility might be to list the first English-language release, whereever in the world it is. I think listing every regional release might be impractical, and non-English-language release dates could be misleading. - A Man In Black  (Talk | Contribs) 00:17, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

It's the first time it was/is publicly available, be it in Japan, USA, Europe, Australia etc. Havok  (T/C) 21:04, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Inconsistency
Please look on your page, where is stated (about GBA [SP]) that it has Z80 processor running with speed about 4-5 MHz, but on page about GBA is stated that it's 8-9 MHz CPU!

I've heard about two of these speeds but I don't know which was used in this console. If it has to be 100% compatible I would be almost sure that it has identical parameters like one originally used in GB - and then (I'm sure in about 99,9%) there were available only slower ones!

83.24.214.188 21:26, 28 April 2006 (UTC) Konrad

Proposed merge and extra section
See Talk:Comparison of video game controllers. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 00:03, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The data is currently at Comparison of handheld gaming consoles/temp now, until it's in proper working condition to move into this article. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 21:48, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

More Errors
Release date for GP32 (specified as "June 2004") is incorrect. It has been around since at least 2001. And its discontinued.

Also this chart --->

is misleading. Gamepark and Gamepark Holdings are seperate companies and should be treated as such.

I don't know how to modify chart templates :( Spacecoyote17 07:52, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

iPod Touch (iPhone)
The iPod Touch mainly, but by proxy including the iPhone are now considered "Handheld Game Devices" I believe they should be added into the comparison.

http://www.apple.com/ipodtouch/what-is/ipod.html

 * To get to a template, just go to Template:dedicated video game handheld consoles and edit it like any other page. Koweja 16:13, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

There are some very interesting statistics about sale numbers that show how the iPhone is eating into the handheld market over here: http://mashable.com/2010/03/23/ipad-psp-ds-games/

I'm not sure where to put this, so I'm just leaving the link. Esn (talk) 11:43, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Up to Date and Future
PS Vita is out — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.91.108.217 (talk) 17:44, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

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Article Deletion
I personally found this article very interesting, comparing all the technical stats from the various handhelds. But I can appreciate it was under cited. ShadyCrack (talk) 15:54, 28 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Indeed, but everything must be sourced on Wikipedia and sooooo much of this is not sourced. It's a common problem on Wikipedia, because reliable sources (in the Wikipedia definition) rarely goes into hard tech info like this. A lot if what was able to be sourced is covered at the current redirect target, albeit in a different organizational format. Sergecross73   msg me  20:00, 28 February 2023 (UTC)


text: User talk:80.78.132.29

title: User talk:80.78.132.29


text:
The Players Club

The Players Club is a 1998 American dark comedy drama thriller film written and directed by Ice Cube in his feature film directorial debut. In addition to Ice Cube, the film stars Bernie Mac, Monica Calhoun, Jamie Foxx, John Amos, A. J. Johnson, Alex Thomas, Charlie Murphy, Terrence Howard, Faizon Love and LisaRaye McCoy in her first starring role.

Plot
Diana Armstrong gazes at the ruins of the Players Club, a strip club where she used to work. She begins reminiscing about the time she moved out of her parents' home with hopes of attending college. On her own, Diana finds a job at a shoe store, where she meets Ronnie and Tricks, who work for Dollar Bill at the Players Club. They convince Diana she would make better money stripping. Dollar Bill gives Diana a job and the name "Diamond." Four years later, her younger cousin Ebony comes to live with her and also starts working at the club. Ebony is soon out of control, drinking excessively, staying out all night, and stripping at private house parties.

Several scenes depict episodes in the life of the club: A visit from a famous rapper ends in a fistfight. Diamond deals with a stalker, Miron. And she angrily kicks Ebony out of her house after catching her in bed with Diamond's boyfriend.

Dollar Bill is confronted by a man who works for St. Louis, a drug lord and loan shark to whom Dollar Bill owes $60,000. He warns Dollar Bill if he doesn't make a payment of $10,000 to St. Louis, he will hunt him down. The next day as Dollar Bill tries to leave the club, St. Louis' men beat Dollar unconscious and throw him into the trunk of his car. They are stopped by two crooked cops. Dollar Bill is found in the trunk and arrested on warrants. He is later bailed out and returns to the club.

Ebony is offered a gig to dance at Ronnie's brother Junior's bachelor party. While Ronnie is outside smoking, Reggie tricks Junior into raping Ebony by saying that him and Clyde had run a train on her weeks ago, but was spoiled by Diamond. Junior goes into Ebony's room while she is changing and against Ebony's pleas, Junior turns off the lights and violently beats and rapes her while his friends listen to it in disgust. The guys decide to leave the party and end their friendship with Junior. Ronnie discovers Junior with Ebony, and both flee the scene leaving Ebony in the motel room. Diamond and Blue arrive and they discover an unconscious and bloodied Ebony and they call 911. A furious Diamond then arrives at the Players Club and beats Ronnie up as punishment, avenging Ebony. Diamond then punches Tricks in the face and quits in front of Dolla Bill before she leaves with Blue.

Ronnie and Tricks are arrested by the police. That same night, St. Louis comes to collect and personally shoots up the club. As Dollar tries to escape, he is captured by St. Louis' henchmen. Later, St. Louis' associate Brooklyn destroys the club with a LAW rocket.

Ebony, still sporting the bruises from her rape, now has a job working at the shoe store. Ebony and Diana are back on good terms again. In voice-over, Diamond narrates the fates of the characters, including herself, who is currently in a relationship with Blue.

Cast

 * LisaRaye McCoy as Diana "Diamond" Armstrong: A college student, single mom and aspiring journalist who gets a job at The Players Club to raise money for her college tuition.
 * Bernie Mac as Dollar Bill: the dim crooked owner of The Players Club who is threatened by a loan shark named St. Louis.
 * Monica Calhoun as Ebony Armstrong: Diamond's younger cousin who becomes out-of-control after getting a job at The Players Club.
 * A. J. Johnson as Lil' Man: the club's small-sized doorman who is frequently taunted and harmed by St. Louis and his crooks.
 * Ice Cube as Reggie: A henchman working for St. Louis.
 * Alex Thomas as Clyde: Reggie's best friend who, like Reggie, has a thirst towards Ebony and works for St. Louis.
 * Jamie Foxx as Blue: the club's radio disc jockey and Diamond's love interest.
 * John Amos as Officer Freeman: a crooked police officer who harasses suspects.
 * Faizon Love as Officer Peters: another police officer who harasses suspects.
 * Charles O. Murphy as Brooklyn: St. Louis' main henchman.
 * Adele Givens as Tricks: A stripper at The Players Club and a right-hand of Ronnie.
 * Chrystale Wilson as Ronnie: A stripper at The Players Club with a rivalry with Diamond and Ebony.
 * Tracy C. Jones as Tina
 * Terence Howard as K.C.: St. Louis' secondary henchman and Brooklyn's partner in crime.
 * Larry McCoy as St. Louis: a wheelchair-using gangster to whom Dollar Bill owes money.
 * Ronn Riser as Professor Mills
 * Dick Anthony Williams as Mr. Armstrong: Diamond's father
 * Badja Djola as The Doctor: St. Louis' enforcer.
 * Tiny Lister as XL the Bouncer: a tall, muscular bouncer of the club.
 * Judyann Elder as Mrs. Armstrong: Diamond's mother
 * Oren Williams as Jamal Armstrong: Diamond's 4 year old son.
 * Samuel Monroe Jr. as Junior: Ronnie's younger brother who beats and rapes Ebony in the film's climax.
 * Luther Campbell as Luke: a rapper who visits the club.
 * Michael Clarke Duncan as Bodyguard: the tall, muscular bodyguard for Luke.
 * Montae Russell as Lance: Diamond's boyfriend whom she ended her relationship with after he had sex with Ebony.

Soundtrack
A successful soundtrack was released on March 17, 1998, It peaked at #10 on the Billboard 200 and #2 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Box office
The movie opened on April 10, 1998 and debuted at No. 5 in the box office, behind City of Angels, Lost in Space, Titanic, and Species II. It went on to gross $23,047,939 domestically, and $213,546 in foreign markets for a total lifetime gross of $23,261,485.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 35%, based on 17 reviews, with an average rating of 5.20/10.

Roger Ebert awarded the film 3 out of 4 stars and said, "Ice Cube makes 'The Players Club' observant and insightful; beneath its melodrama lurks unsentimental information about why young women do lap dances for a living, and what they think about themselves and their customers." He added, "What's interesting about [the film] is how it moves through various tones and kinds of material. There's the documentary stuff, the crime story, Diana's shaky romance with a new boyfriend, Ebony's problems, and comic relief from the stylized dialogue of Dollar Bill and his doorman, L'il Man...And then a strong underpinning of economic reality". He noted, "The movie doesn't preach, but it has values. It sees the Players Club as a job, and the women there are workers, not sex objects." Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly also gave a positive review. Like Ebert, he praised the cast, particularly LisaRaye's performance as Diana.

title: The Players Club


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Arietta

Arietta may refer to:

 * a short aria
 * Arietta, New York, a town
 * SS Arietta, a cargo ship
 * USS Arletta (1860), a Union Navy schooner during the American Civil War

title: Arietta


text:
San Miguel de Abona

San Miguel de Abona is a town and a municipality in the southern part of the island of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands, and part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. The TF-1 motorway passes through the southern part of the municipality.

The population is 16,099 (2013 ), its area is 42.04 km2.

In the south of the municipality, on the coastline, lies the golf course and holiday/residential village of Golf del Sur. Also on the coast is Amarilla Golf & Country Club. Golf del Sur has hosted several professional golf tournaments including the Tenerife Open, the Tenerife Ladies Open.

title: San Miguel de Abona


text:
Jacopo Facciolati

Jacopo Facciolati (1682–1769) was an Italian lexicographer and philologist.

Biography
He was born at Torreglia, in what is now the province of Padua (then in the Republic of Venice), in 1682. He was admitted to the seminary of Padua thanks to Cardinal Barberigo, who had formed a high opinion of the boy's talents. As a professor of logic and regent of the schools, Facciolati became the leading academic of Padua university during a period of forty-five years. He published improved editions of several philological works, such as the Thesaurus Ciceronianus of Nizolius, and in 1719 he brought out a revised edition of the Lexicon Septem Linguarum, a Latin dictionary in seven languages, called the Calepinus, from the name of its author, the monk Ambrogio Calepino. The latter work, in which he was assisted by his pupil Egidio Forcellini, he completed in four years, 1715 to 1719. It was written in seven languages, and suggested to the editor the idea of his opus magnum, the Totius Latinitatis Lexicon, which was ultimately published at Cardinal Priole's expense, 4 vols. fol., Padua, 1771 (revised ed. by de Vit, 1858-1887).

In the compilation of this work, the chief burden seems to have been borne by Facciolati's pupil Forcellini, to whom, however, the lexicographer allows a very scanty measure of justice. Perhaps the best testimony to the learning and industry of the compiler is the well-known observation that the whole body of Latinity if it were to perish, might be restored from this lexicon. Facciolati's mastery of Latin style, as displayed in his epistles, has been very much admired for its purity and grace.

In or about 1739, Facciolati undertook the continuation of Nicolò Comneno Papadopoli, who wrote a history of the University of Padua, carrying it on to his own day. Parts claimed by Papadopoli concerning Nicolaus Copernicus were later exposed as fraudulent by Carlo Malagola and Leopold Prowe. Facciolati was known overall Europe as one of the most enlightened and zealous teachers of the time; and among the many flattering invitations which he received, but always declined, was one from the king of Portugal, to accept the directorship of a college at Lisbon for the young nobility. He died in 1769. His history of the university was published in 1757, under the name Fasti Gymnasii Patavini.

In 1808, a volume containing nine of his Epistles never before published was issued at Padua.

title: Jacopo Facciolati


text:
User talk:Eadad

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:43, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cyberdiscursivity

The article Cyberdiscursivity has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No evidence of meeting WP:NOTABILITY, even after being tagged as such for 7 years. No valid redirect target. Seems more an attempt to promote somebody's PhD thesis.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Boleyn (talk) 19:55, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eadad


text:
User talk:Mikesolo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:44, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Metrification for metrification's sake
Regarding your edits to Heavy cruiser, while I assume these were made in good faith, I draw your attention to the fact that swapping imperial with metric for no other reason than its own will be considered by some as vandalism. It is particularly unconstructive on this article as warship displacements and gun calibres are usually referred to in English-speaking countries in long tons and inches. Also, the Washington Naval Treaty, which is particularly pertinent to the article in question refers to 10,000 long tons and not millions of kilogrammes. Emoscopes Talk 06:56, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

 * While I appreciate the concern, I would draw your attention to several points. Firstly, the article does not specify long tons versus short tons at any point, which leads to further confusion from an already confusing system of measure.  Secondly, the Wiki article on long tons states plainly, "it has been replaced by the metric tonne.", which was the primary reason for the edit.  While I can appreciate the long ton's significance historically in regards to the Washington Naval Treaty, that is not a reason to put the imperial units at the forefront of the article; a simple historical note would suffice.  Thirdly, the references to metric in the reverted change are not consistent, and finally, I also corrected various pieces of inconsistent spelling in the article as well (i.e. calibre and caliber being used right after each other). I do not appreciate the revert, as I feel the current copy of the article is now even more difficult to follow and still requires clean-up.  By the by, the word is "metrication", not "metrification". Mikesolo 14:30, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Since you reverted this, I think it is safe to believe that you have read the note contained therein. I continue to believe that your contributions are not helpful.

 * You typically fail to provide an edit summary, and when you do, it does not describe the changes made. If your edit has to do with SI units, then say so in the edit summary. Please do not leave it blank or refer to your change as 'minor cleanup' as you did in your edit to Giant Squid.

 * Per WP:UNITS your edit which may strive for consistency of unit usage, which I applaud, made an error of precision. In a sentence which refers to a 'depth of 900m (nearly 3000 ft)', unless you know otherwise, the text should stand. Editing to '2953 ft' introduces a level of precision not known. In this  edit, you do not err in precision, but you introduce an incorrect conversion. Ten thousand miles is similar to sixteen thousand kilometres, not one million. In this  edit, you introduced non-factual information as the micrometer shown is not calibrated in SI units. In this edit  you changed units in an article about a US rail system. Per WP:UNITS, articles about US-topics use imperial measurements. In this  edit, you also changed units in an article about a US location, also introducing precision not apparent in the previous edit. (by changing 1300 feet to 396 metres).

 * Even though you edit rarely, it is clear that you edit with an agenda which is not based on the manual of style. Your edits do not seem to improve readability, and they introduce factual errors. I consider this style to be editing with a WP:POV although I am willing to be told I am wrong about that.

 * I would like to ask you a final time. Please use your skills in a positive fashion. Use your interest in SI units to improve articles, following accepted Wikipedia standards. I have posted here in order to avoid any outside dispute resolution process. I believe this will be sufficient.

 * Thank you for your work to improve Wikipedia. You are clearly smart enough to make a difference here. Please make it a positive one. MKoltnow 04:03, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Since you have decided to follow my edits around Wikipedia, I want to point out something to you in regards to item #3 above, the Vegeta Saga. The previous entry of 10,000 miles is INCORRECT to begin with.  The original Japanese script for the show puts the distance at "1 million kilos" exactly.  I can provide the script or screenshots to prove this point.

 * In the first draft of the English dub, they changed it to 10,000 miles. However, the new releases use "1 million kilometres" as the official translation.  Therefore, it is NOT an error.  You are making assumptions that are not accurate.

 * Furthermore, in regards to the Giant Squid article, I believe that since the events in question took place in Japan, and that the units were reported in metres, metres should be the primary unit of measure on the page, regardless of WP:UNITS. And frankly, I would argue that WP:UNITS should be corrected to prevent use of an outdated system.

 * You are correct about level of precision per WP:UNITS, thank you for bringing that to my attention.Mikesolo

 * With regard to your edit to Vegeta Saga, I hate to beat a dead horse, but if you could put something on an article's talk page or in your edit summary that explains why your change is correct, then people might not draw the wrong conclusion about it. You will have less trouble defending your edits if you use edit summaries to explain them. Whether the manual of style addresses units in the best way possible is a matter for discussion there, but it is the current standard.

 * What concerns me is your last statement about WP:UNITS. You seem to be admitting freely that you indeed do edit with a WP:POV; that is, to "prevent use of an outdated system". Unless you can get the manual of style changed to read the way you want it to, please do not use Wikipedia to further your anti-imperial units agenda.

 * I think that I have been WP:CIVIL and measured in my discussion here, and I again hope that your level of expertise will result in positive contributions. MKoltnow 23:32, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I use minor edits since usually I just edit things that stare out at me as glaring omissions, such as that mistranslation that aired in the US. If I were going to make a full summary of why the change is accurate, I'd wind up rewriting 3/4 of the page for grammar and accuracy, and I simply haven't the time to do so.

 * I have never stated that I edit with a POV, but I obviously have my opinions, as you have yours. I feel that the enforcement of dual-units on Wikipedia is hurting the overall readability and making this more confusing.  We have literally hundreds of articles that either do not provide conversions, or use both metric & customary units flippantly with no rhyme or reason.  People blatantly violate the WP:UNITS about which unit goes first, but correcting those errors is looked upon as vandalism.

 * Furthermore, the WP:UNITS rules in regards to which unit of measure is to be used is even more confusing; It states, "For US-related articles, the main units are US units; for example, 10 miles (16 km)." However, not all English-speaking editors are from the US, so any generic entries, such as entries about products, construction materials, etc., often go back & forth between units as their articles are edited by people from the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, etc.  The edit I made to aluminium foil is a perfect example of this, the article is clearly written from a non-American perspective, since it uses the five-syllable spelling and says, "Known as Aluminum Foil in North America".  Yet, the main image using inches in the caption.  I understand that the image shows an American micrometer, but I still argue that millimetres should be the primary unit on that page.  Others will disagree.

 * I find the whole mess confusing and ridiculous, frankly. This is an English-language wikipedia, and that encompasses a broad number of countries.  I do not think we should cater to the fact that the US has not finished it's metric conversion.

 * Yes, you have been civil, aside from the edit where you stated that I would be banned. It made me upset, which is why I removed it from the talk.  I fully plan on petitioning the project to encourage full metrication.

Ashley Todd
FYI, you may be interested to see that Ashley Todd was speedily deleted using CSD:G10 as the justification: "exists primarily to disparage its subject." I happen to disagree with this decision as the article was neutral and nothing on the AfD page implied it as an "attack" page, and content that this is out of process. I encourage you to chime in if you have an opinion either way at User_talk:Orderinchaos. Thanks. -- Fuzheado | Talk 21:04, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Puppy cuteness.jpg

The file File:Puppy cuteness.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused, low quality. Superseded by files at c:Category:Poodle puppies."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 12:45, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mikesolo


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Craig Hansen

Craig Robert Hansen (born November 15, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Red Sox and Pittsburgh Pirates between 2005 and 2009.

College career
Hansen's collegiate career began at St. John's University in 2003, where he pitched for the St. John's Red Storm. Hansen selected St. John's over Columbia University, Yale University, and Hofstra University.

While he struggled during his freshman campaign in 2003, Hansen began to establish himself as a closer during his sophomore season in 2004.

In 2004, Hansen played collegiate summer baseball for the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). A league all-star, he posted 10 saves and 41 strikeouts in 22.1 innings pitched without allowing an earned run. In 2018, he was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame.

Hansen posted a 3–2 record with 14 saves in his junior season of 2005, registering 85 strikeouts in 64 innings pitched, a 1.68 ERA, and was named a first-team All-American by Baseball America.

Boston Red Sox
With the 26th pick in the first round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft, the Boston Red Sox selected Hansen and signed him to a four-year deal valued at $4 million. The Red Sox added him to the 40-man roster, assigning Hansen to a conditioning stint in Fort Myers before sending him to the Double-A Portland Sea Dogs. Hansen joined the Boston Red Sox as a late season call-up, making his major league debut on September 19 against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Hansen struck out the first man he faced, pitching a perfect inning with two strikeouts, and would make three more appearances before the end of the season.

After starting the 2006 season in Portland and Pawtucket, Hansen was recalled on June 6 by the Red Sox. On June 26, Hansen earned his first major league win in an extra-inning game against the Philadelphia Phillies. On August 20, Hansen entered a tie game against the New York Yankees in the 10th inning only to allow a game-winning home run to Jason Giambi and a two-run home run to Jorge Posada. Hansen would end the season with a 6.63 ERA. During spring training for the 2007 season, manager Terry Francona suggested that the team may have rushed Hansen to the majors too quickly.

In 2007 at Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox, he went 3–1 with a 3.86 ERA but did not get a promotion to the eventual World Series Champion Red Sox. Hansen also played in the developmental Arizona Fall League to get extra work in after missing some of the season with forearm tenderness. During the off-season, Hansen underwent surgery in the hopes of correcting the sleep apnea condition that may have affected his stamina and pitching performance.

Hansen reported to Red Sox spring training in 2008 and initial reports suggested that the team was impressed with his performance.

On July 31, 2008, Hansen was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates along with Brandon Moss in a three-team deal that sent Manny Ramirez to the Los Angeles Dodgers and Jason Bay to the Boston Red Sox.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On August 27, 2008, the Pirates optioned Hansen to AAA (Indianapolis Indians). This move was made after Hansen allowed four earned runs without recording an out against the Chicago Cubs the previous night. Hansen was recalled to the Pirates on September 2.

On August 8, 2008, Hansen notched his 3rd career save, but first save as a Pirate, holding down a 2-0 Pirates victory over the Phillies. Amazingly, all 3 of Hansen's career saves came in extra innings.

In 2009, Hansen was diagnosed with brachial plexus neuropathy, a rare condition causing pain, weakness, and numbness in the arms, shoulders, and upper back. Recovery is usually complete, but can take as long as five years. Hansen was able to pitch in a limited number of minor league games in 2010, but was not at full effectiveness, and the Pirates released him in early 2011.

New York Mets
Hansen signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets on July 24, 2012. The Mets released Hansen in March 2013.

title: Craig Hansen


text:
British Seagull

The British Seagull was a British manufacturer of two-stroke outboard engines in Poole, Dorset from the late 1930s until the mid-1990s. Although their "Classic" engines were for decades an exemplar of rugged simplicity and reliability, the company eventually stopped manufacturing when customer cheaper imported engines and regulation changes. Production of complete engines stopped in 1996, where John Freeman (Sales) Ltd, trading as Sheridan Marine, bought the company and rights to the brand in 1999 to continue the supply of spare parts to this day. Spare parts continue to be produced for existing engines.

History
British Seagull outboards were first sold under the name Marston Seagull. They were developed at John Marston Ltd's "Sunbeamland" factory in Wolverhampton by development engineers John Way-Hope and Bill Pinninger. This pair later bought the manufacturing rights in 1937 and marketed outboards as Bristol Seagull, later moving to Poole and settling for the name British Seagull.

There are several different British Seagull outboard motor models, usually with a single cylinder water-cooled two-stroke engine. Originally known as "The Best Outboard in the World", then changed to "The Best Outboard Motor for the World". Some of the engines had the Villiers patented flywheel magneto, and on its port side was a simple carburettor. Above the cylinder head was bolted a small brass fuel tank whose 10:1, or 25:1 depending on age, fuel/oil mix was gravity-fed to the carburettor via a fuel line. Starting was effected with a hand-wound pull-rope, although a recoil starter was an option. Connecting the motor to the gearbox and propeller were two downtubes, the forward one containing the drive shaft and the aft tube serving as the exhaust, which vented underwater.

The engines proved very rugged as they used high quality materials, and thousands have lasted for years, even in harsh marine environments many in developing countries too. Seagull outboards were utilitarian in nature with a relatively slow-turning prop, and so were ideal for use in dinghies, tenders and small yachts. The Silver Century Plus model could propel a displacement hull of up to 26 feet in length but Seagull outboards were unsuitable for high speed craft.

Models
An early engine of the company was the Model 102, developed from the Marston models of the 1930s. The Model 102 engines were fairly large and featured an integral engine cylinder block and head, with a water-injected exhaust. Some Model 102 outboards had a 13 in propeller, gaining the moniker of "The Barge Pusher".

The model range for which Seagull is most famous is the "Classic" range. These "square block models" comprised the 64 cc Featherweight (aka Forty Minus) and Forty Plus, and the 102 cc Century and Century Plus. The Forty Minus and Plus used identical power units, but the Plus had a larger gearbox and propeller. The Century and Century Plus used even larger gearboxes and propellers. Classic model engines were produced from the late 1950s until the mid-1990s, and many examples are still in everyday use. The long life span is down to the high quality metals and the use of high-tensile bolts and studs.

In the early 1980s the factory produced a new series of British Seagull outboards, the QB series. The power units were developed by Queen's University, Belfast (hence QB) whose Mechanical Engineering Department specialised in modernising two-stroke design. Painted black and sometimes known as the Irish Seagull, they featured quieter, more efficient engines, with a water-cooled exhaust and modified cylinder porting.

In the late 1980s British Seagull introduced two further models to their range, the Model 170 and the Model 125. Fitted with a cowling to enclose the engine, they featured upgraded carburettors and cylinder blocks. Both new models suffered from poorly designed crankshaft bushings, resulting in warranty claims against the company. Until that time the "Best Outboard Motor for the World" (as the marketing slogan ran) had an envious reputation for reliability, but these new models were never popular and they dented the company's image.

Towards the end of production a new model called the "5R" was introduced. The design of this engine was quite different from earlier models, using a conventional gearbox from a Yamaha 4HP outboard attached via an adaptor plate to a QB engine. These models were painted blue, the very last examples (known as "gold tops") having propellers and recoil starters that were gold-painted.

Fuel/oil mix
From 1942 models specified a 10:1 mix which was specified up to 1979. After that date a 25:1 mix was specified, which was again changed for the introduction of the models 125 and 170, but these engines with the 50:1 mix soon failed, and British Seagull again specified 25:1. This relatively high percentage of oil was necessary due to the way the crankshaft bushings worked. Early engines used short bushings, and later ones used longer bushings, hence the changes in oil requirement. The longer bushings were, in fact, used from 1967 onwards, and the engines from 1967 to 1979 can be used on the 25:1 mix by making carburettor adjustments.

title: British Seagull


text:
User talk:Joshsoper

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:45, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joshsoper