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Scophthalmidae

The Scophthalmidae are a family of flatfish found in the North Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. Fish of this family are known commonly as turbots, though this name can refer specifically to Scophthalmus maximus, as well. Some common names found in species of this family are turbots, windowpanes, and brills.

Cladistic analysis reveals that this family is a monophyletic group.

Of all the scophthalmids, the largest species (Scophthalmus maximus) reaches approximately one meter in length. Some species in the family have been historically fished commercially (predominantly the brill flatfish and the turbot flatfish, S.rhombus and S. maximus respectively).

Taxonomy
The Scophthalmidae family is composed of two main clades, four genera, and eight species. The four genera are Zeugopterus, Lepidorhombus, Phrynorhombus, and Scophthalmus, all sharing synapomorphies yet also subtle distinctions.

Discovery
The first known fossil was dated to the Cenozoic era during the Miocene epoch. This specific fossil is believed to be from the upper Tertiary and is the oldest specimen of the family.

Taxonomic history

 * 1900: The features of the family were first recorded and compared with other taxa. The relationship between scophthalmids and other flatfish became apparent.
 * 1910: This distinction was then further specified when scophthalmids were paired with other left-eyed species of flatfish. This subfamily is called Bothidae, and are unique in comparison to other fish in their sinistral nature.
 * 1934: Again, taking a step further the fish are now categorized into a subfamily of Bothidae, and are named Scophthalmidae. To make said distinction, various species of similar traits were combined, primarily from the Paralichthyidae and Bothidae families of flatfish. These traits can be localized to three main requirements: “i) anterior extension of the two pelvic fins; ii) eyes present on the left-side; iii) presence of vomerine teeth.”
 * 1993: After some confusion, it was concluded that the Scophthalmidae family is a sister clade to other subfamilies of flatfish (like the Paralichthyidae and the Bothidae) and need to be revisited. Chapleau, from The Interrelationships of Scophthalmid Fishes, redefined the subfamily's traits to two more distinct features: “(i) anterior extension of the two pelvic fins; (ii) an elongated supraoccipital process in contact with the dorsal margin of the blind side frontal.” Again, these traits are also not perfect as defining a specific monophyly for any group is rather complex.
 * 1998-1999: Both traits proposed in 1993 were confirmed synapomorphies of Scophthalmidae. In addition to these synapomorphies, a third was added, namely the “presence of asymmetrical transverse apophyses.”
 * 2003: The Interrelationships of Scophthalmid Fishes is released by Bruno Chanet, recognizing two main subfamilies of scophthalmids.

Distribution and habitat
Turbots are benthic animals and can be found in both Marine and Brackish environments, but not in freshwater. While certain flatfish can be found in the other regions, Scophthalmidae are native to the North Atlantic, as well as the Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas. According to Fishes of the Word and excluding one species located in the Western Atlantic, all other scophthalmids reside in the general Northeastern Atlantic region. However, mapping out a specific organism's changes in habitat over their lifespan would be rather complex. Environmental events can displace fish or incline them to leave their home ranges. All fishes, including scophthalmids, also face predation risks and prey scarcity, as well as the complexities of spawning behaviors. While true, movements of the species can be tracked for instances of displacement as well as seasonal cycles of migration–both of which “appear to be triggered by changes in water temperature, light, current velocity, and irregular episodic events.” The movement of water is crucial to the species as it is a primary form of transportation. All stages of the flatfish (from larval, juvenile, to adult) use the elliptic and cyclic nature of Earth's tides in locomotion. The rising tide carries individuals shoreward and during the ebb tide they can exit the water column and sink to the bottom. This is crucial to energy expenditure, especially in migratory events between feeding and spawning grounds that take place every year. During migrations tidal cycles are primary in determining the vertical displacement of flatfish in the water column, while on feeding and spawning grounds these behaviors are more influenced by the diel cycle. The location of turbots is cryptic and multivariable, consisting of a mixture of both these cycles, an internal “clock” mechanism, and other factors such as turbulence, hunger, and magnetic fields.

But with all said and done, the flatfish don't go too far. The anatomy of these organisms is intrinsically negatively buoyant, making them sink in the absence of currents and upwellings. To preserve energy, this is their natural state. They are rather sedentary and the fish spend most of their time on bottom substrates.

Anatomy and morphology
Scophthalmidae is a family of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), so it exhibits any primitive traits of that clade. Being a scientific family, it also has its own set of general traits, as well as a variety of derived traits specific to the different genera of Scophthalmidae. These various features can be distinguished at every level of the scientific hierarchy to best emphasize the differences between the taxon. Being part of the Scophthalmidae family, all scophthalmids share the same fundamental Actinopterygii and pleuronectiformes traits.

Actinopterygii traits
Actinopterygii, or ray-finned fish, share traits will all prior marine vertebrates (i.e. a skeleton, paired fins, cycloid or ctenoid scales, covered gills, homocercal tails, protrusible jaws, etc...) The main requirements for the taxa are fin-rays (of which make up the fins and are responsible the name of the clade) and a swim bladder (a derived trait of this phylogenetic group). All genera of Scophthalmidae are Actinopterygii, and as such share this primary features.

Pleuronectiformes traits
Pleuronectiformes (flatfish) share a lot in common with some minor distinctions. Based on the name, it is right to assume that most of genera of pleuronectiformes are 'flat' and have a generally 'low' body profile. Due to this anatomical difference, flatfish are quite unique and have asymmetrical features. In adult individuals, both eyes lye on the same side of the head on whichever side is dominant (Scophthalmidae are left-eyed flatfish). Furthermore, flatfish have protrusible eyes and have slowly translated their dorsal fin (over the course of evolutionary history) onto the head. Poking eyes out of the substrate and using this dorsal fin akin to a rudder, these three traits all serve the flatfish in its benthic lifestyle. Lastly, the generalized coloration of flatfish include a very pale underside with a cryptically pigmented dorsal side. This pigmentation serves as a camouflage for the fish and allows them to increase their survivorship via heightened predator avoidance and improved hunting behaviors.

Scophthalmidae traits
The three primary synapomorphies within the Scophthalmidae family (mentioned previously under Taxonomic History) have been crucial in defining the clade. Proposed in Interrelationships of Scophthalmid Fishes, the three aforementioned synapomorphies along with two other niche traits help differentiate scophthalmids from the other flatfish. These five anatomical traits are as follows:

(i) "The anterior extension of the two pelvic fins to the isthmus"

(ii) "Slightly asymmetric lateral expansions on both pelvic bones"

(iii) "An elongated anterior supraoccipital process (often crenulated) in contact with the dorsal margin of the right (blind-side) frontal"

(iv) "The presence of asymmetrical transverse apophyses on the caudal vertebrae"

(v) "The first neural spine bent at contact with the dorsal margin of the cranium"

Other non-defining traits of scophthalmids that are not specific to the family are their large and prominent lower jaws, sinistral eyes, and the single oil globule present in the yolks of their eggs.

Locomotion
Scophthalmids live a fairly sedentary lifestyle in comparison to other ray-finned fish, and due to their negative buoyancy spend most of their time below other taxa. Being asymmetrical and spending most of their time on the bottom substrates, scophthalmids have evolved unique locomotive systems to better fit their lifestyle. Turning their bodies into levers, the flatfish use forward and backward movements to propel themselves across the substrate. Oftentimes, these movements are short, with pauses in between strokes (akin to gliding). That being said, the fish can increase their movement speed through "rapid propulsive strokes" that can propel individuals in different directions.

In addition to the "rapid propulsive strokes," scophthalmids can elevate their heads into an alert position. Using both of these adaptations in tandem, the fishes can change the angle of their projection, and shoot themselves into the water column by lifting their heads and then executing a 'rapid propulsive stroke.' This is highly useful to escape predation, initiate gliding, or journey far distances while conserving energy (e.g. traveling between feeding and spawning sites). While the propulsive stroke may be energetically costly, once in the water column the flatfish can exhibit 'swim and glide' behaviors to cruise through the water.

Besides the lever-system that can propel the fish in the transverse plane, scophthalmids also have unique systems to control their vertical and horizontal movements. Due to their asymmetry, their bodies are on a 90 degree rotation and use their fins differently than most Actinopterygii. Flatfish can change their vertical direction by changing the angle of their bodies, with particular emphasis on the angle of their caudal fins. On the contrary, horizontal direction is controlled usnig the pectoral fin (akin to a rudder of a boat).

Burying behavior
Burying is crucial to the survivorship of Scophthalmidae as it is their primary defense in avoiding predators and hunting prey. By burying, the fishes avoid detection from predation risks, and also reduce environmental challenges like current shear. To initiate this important and unique behavior, flatfish vigorously beat their heads "against the sediment, accompanied by a wave of muscular [contractions] that [travel] with decreasing amplitude down the length of the body." This odd combination of muscle contractions complete two primary tasks:

(i) First, the head is driven into the substrate in the first half of the movement.

(ii) Second, the head movements "waft sediment from beneath the body so that it falls back onto the surface of the fish." In this latter have of the movement the fishes do not simply swim into the substrate, they actively displace the substrate so that it falls back on top of them and conceals them.

Location is crucial to these behaviors as some substrates are impenetrable to flatfish. This facet actively selects for specific substrates that the fish can bury in (e.g. sand), and dictate their home ranges. In The Behaviour of Flatfish, it is noted that this preference of substrate drifts towards sandy over coarse, as well as an avoidance of overly muddy substrates. The Behaviour of Flatfish does not explain as to why this is, but it could be speculated that the murkiness caused by burying in muddy substrates can be rather visible to predators, counteracting the primary function of this behavior. Time of day can also be important, as visibility decreases with access to light. Due to this factor, it is expected that burial behaviors are less common in scophthalmids at lower depths and during the night.

Lastly, burying behavior does not just limit predation detection via visual cues. Indeed, burial can reduce "conspicuousness," but flatfish can employ additional tools to solidify their defense. Scophthalmids are believed to be capable of lowering heart rates and well as decreasing oxygen consumption, in turn sending less involuntary cues of their presence and reduce the chemical signals sent to predators.

Feeding behavior
Feeding is crucial to any organisms behavior as it is necessary to sustain life. Unlike other organisms, however, temperature plays a significant role in determining feeding intensity and growth. While making Scophthalmidae more susceptible to climate change, this force also helps dictate population size and drives growth to be proportional to the various seasons. Being that Scophthalmidae is a family of flatfish very similar to other Pleuronectiformes, diet varies. Flatfish take advantage of complex environments while most fish have no choice but to hunt in open water. This gives the fishes relatively high plasticity in their feeding behaviors and they enlist a wide range of tactics. Visits to  species pages  will give higher insight onto the specific feeding-type of said species. By the same merit, below are the general feeding-types and elements of feeding behavior that exist within the order:

The three general feeding types

 * 1) "Visual feeders that consume free-swimming prey "
 * 2) "Visual feeders that take principally slow-moving and sedentary benthic prey "
 * 3) "Non-visual nocturnal feeders that consume sedentary benthic prey "

All three feeding types involve the various elements of feeding behavior. Visual predation is the most common in flatfish, but the non-visual nocturnal species rely on chemical cues left in the water (e.g. distress signals, high heart rates, oxygen consumption, cortisol levels, olfactory chemicals, decomposition, etc.).

The four elements of feeding behavior

 * 1) Searching: Searching tends to be initiated via hunger, but can also be induced via chemical signals in the water. Generally a slow process, they tend to swim upstream to track olfactory clues and primarily rely on vision during the hunt (they have extensive vision in all planes due to their protrusive eyes and cranial anatomy).
 * 2) Encountering: The senses are used to take in both visual and chemical cues (which are important for marine species). Both of these factors have been proved to increase the attractiveness of prey items. In addition to those factors, flatfish have keen motion detection via "wide-set eyes" and a "lateral line system" on their head or body that can be stimulated by motion.
 * 3) Capture: Capture consists of three sub-elements that can dictate the style of capture or 'type of hunt.'
 * 4) Pursuit : Pursuit is common in faster taxon as the individual uses sheer speed to run down free-swimming prey.
 * 5) Stalking : Stalking is a method different from ambushing. Taxon that use this style of capture lure outside of detection of the prey item, and their primary weapon is stealth and striking.
 * 6) Ambush : Ambush species use their unique adaptations and combine stillness, burying, or cryptic coloration until prey is in striking distance.
 * 7) Ingestion: After capture, all that is left is ingestion, digestion, and defecation.

Courtship
Little is known in regards to the reproduction of scophthalmids beyond what is widely accepted or generalized in the broader flatfish order. When a female enters a reproductive state (due to internal or external stimuli), courtship is usually initiated by the male. Male Pleuronectiformes follow the female individual across the sea floor, and then maneuvers either above or below the female depending on the species. If successfully courted, the female (now with the male) rise through the water column. The pair reaches the climax of the courtship ritual as they reach the "apex of the rise," where gametes are released into the water. Following this dispersal of gametes, the two return to the seafloor having successfully mated.

Life stages
Akin to courtship behaviors, scophthalmids also share a three-stage spawning behavior just like other flatfish. Spawning tends to take place in the evening, and males and females generally pair due to relative body size. One interesting fact about flatfish is that most species are actually born symmetrical, and their eyes rotate as they mature (can travel 10-25mm on average). As the fish develop, the non-dominant eye 'floats' to the dominant side over time, resulting in the intrinsic asymmetry of the order.

Female can indicate their "readiness to spawn by rapidly raising and lowering their heads." This in turn inclines males to approach and produce a threat signal, circling the female "flagging with the pectoral fin." Speculation as to why is not solidified in scientific literature but it is possibly due to competition in paternity.

Climate change
The Latitudinal Gradient is a common term in describing the change of a certain variable with respect to global latitudes. Due to the tilt of the Earth as well as the distance from the sun, this latitudinal gradient is often proportional to the global temperature gradient, both on water and land. The temperature gradient of the ocean is crucial for all marine life as some species are specialized for different regions or use temperature to direct migrations. Thus, species that reside in temperate latitudes tend to have broader preferences and tolerances then species specialized for extreme temperatures. This makes both tropical and polar species more susceptible to  changes in climate. Flatfish are negatively affected by these temperature shifts and continue to decline in populations. Globally, their numbers dwindle and have been since the 1970s. The use of technology has allowed researchers to calculate numbers of existing populations as well as estimate the future of the clade. Two of these methods, a vulnerability assessment and simulation model projections, help pinpoint the regions at highest risk of this change and align with previously mentioned latitudinal gradient predictions. Findings suggest that the Indo-Pacific and Northeast Atlantic are at the highest risk of impacts due to climate change (i.e. a tropical region and polar region). As mentioned previously, scophthalmids are almost exclusively located in the Northeast Atlantic and will suffer heavily from this. Interestingly enough, the rapid warming was exacerbated regionally due to factors such as human populations, freshwater prevalence, and land-locking. The highest levels of warming (“LMEs warming at rates 2–4 times the global mean rate” )  was confined to certain areas, especially in the North Atlantic. Regions that Scophthalmidae are native to (i.e. the Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas) all fall under this hotspot. It seems that this regional increase of warming can be traced to the “natural variability related to the North Atlantic Oscillation” as well as adjacent terrestrial warming near the coastal seas (caused by industrial/anthropogenic advancements).

In addition to this fact, the increasingly negative population dynamics of all flatfish indicates that the clade has reached its maximum potential. Furthermore, some fisheries have overfished certain regions to the point of collapse. In these regions a bounce-back in population is not expected. This change is not just due to temperature change, but additional factors tied to climate change (i.e. ocean acidification, oxygen depletion, and decreases in net primary production). Climate change is a multivariate problem for scophthalmids as it has led to changes in distribution and net productivity in addition to the aforementioned decreases in population. Yet, these changes in distribution are not exclusive to potentially obvious latitudinal range shifts. The flatfish have also been observed migrating within regions, shifting their depth as well. Averaging to only several meters per decade, this seemingly small change is drastic for the family. While decreasing depth can help scophthalmids fight the change in ocean temperature, the deeper they travel the less light can penetrate and both conditions and productivity also decrease. This is a negative constraint on the fish which will eventually reach its limit.

Lastly, scophthalmids are simply less mobile than other taxa. Their activity rate is much lower than other fish of similar size and location (alternate pelagic and demersal species). Because of this, it is harder to migrate, maneuver, and adapt, making their adjustment period relatively slow. All finfish (including scophthalmids), however, are expected to shrink. The decrease in body size relates to the temperature change via oxygen levels. The growing restriction on oxygen levels proportional to the increase in temperature negatively affects body size, adding yet another side effect to the changing climate.

Trawl fishing
Put plainly, trawl fishing is when nets are dragged through the water to catch as many fish as possible. Bottom trawling (primarily industrially committed) is when this method is used on the seafloor where the nets are weighted and dragged. Frowned upon by marine biologists, bottom trawling is harmful to the ecosystem due to the displacement of sediment and organisms as well as the irreversible damage it creates. In addition to negatively affecting the ecosystem, bottom trawling proves to be highly dangerous to scophthalmids as well as other families of flatfish. This method of fishing exploits scophthalmids’ natural predator avoidance behaviors. Flatfish find comfort with the substrate, and use detection minimization techniques as their primary avoidance behavior. These strategies combine various techniques such as “ burial, highly evolved cryptic capabilities, and low activity,” all of which are useless and therefore detrimental in fighting trawls.

The first indication of a trawling vessel is the sound vibrations sent through the water. This stimulus is received by the fish ("which have good hearing in the range of 300–1000 Hz" ) and the scophthalmids then respond by diving. Because of this, while flatfish do not school or directly herd as an avoidance behavior, individuals indirectly herd in the regard by which they are all migrating in the same direction. This increase in concentration is dangerous as it increases catch per trawl, oftentimes when the flatfish are not even the desired target (bycatch).

Highly specialized behaviors are hard to change, making the flatfishes' natural instinct to minimize detection rendered useless. Usually they can be rather cryptic, and have great success avoiding natural predators. Utilizing their low body profile and texture-matching colorations, they become hard to detect. Furthering their camouflage, they have behavioral modifications that work in tandem to their anatomy. Scophthalmidae share a strong inclination to bury themselves and to cease movement, fighting the desire to flee until extremely close to detection. In addition to being inclined to hiding, in the instance they are being caught, flatfish face the disadvantage of their maximum swim speed. Only able to sustain a certain speed at relatively lower rates than most roundfish, flatfish tend to respond to the trawls in short bursts and generally remain unresponsive until "approx. <1 meter away." After observing the adaptations Scophthalmidae have made to survive in the Ocean, bottom trawling proves to be a major industrial threat to scophthalmids because of its own nature in specifically targeting and taking advantage of flatfish behavior.

title: Scophthalmidae


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Talk:Saint Bonaventure's College

There is also a St Bonaventure's school in London, so that should probably be mentioned.

Staff
Listing staff, in my view, is not an encyclopaedic feature we should be added to articles. Verification and accuracy is always a concern. I suggest we remove it from this article. --HJKeats (talk) 19:02, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

email:stbons@hotmail.ca —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.212.111.146 (talk) 07:44, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Saint vs St.
It is I think St. Bonaventure's College, never Saint Bonaventure. I suggest the title of the article be changed.--Richardson mcphillips (talk) 19:36, 8 February 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Saint Bonaventure's College


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Sky Box Office

Sky Box Office is Sky's pay-per-view (PPV) system operated in the United Kingdom and Ireland. There were three branded divisions of Sky Box Office – Sky Cinema Box Office, Sky Sports Box Office and Sky 3D Box Office. Until 1 February 2011, the system ran under unified Sky Box Office branding. On 4 January 2017, all Sky Cinema Box Office channels ceased broadcasting, with only Sky Sports Box Office remaining available.

History
Sky Box Office launched on 16 March 1996 on Sky Analogue. At the time it carried mainly sporting events, such as major boxing fights. The first of these was Frank Bruno's WBC World Heavyweight Championship defence against Mike Tyson. Initially events were ordered by telephone, either on the day of broadcast for £14.95 or in advance at a reduced price of £9.99. Ordering an event charged the viewer and then the subscriber's VideoCrypt viewing card would be activated over the air, enabling the viewing of the broadcast. The charge would be levied unless the viewer cancelled prior to broadcast, or returned the viewing card as proof that the event hadn't been watched. On some occasions, Box Office events would be broadcast on other Sky channels, such as Sky Sports 3.

Four dedicated Sky Box Office channels were launched on 1 December 1997 on Sky Analogue. At this time multiple showings of selected movies, shown in advance of their broadcast on Sky's existing subscription movie channels, were added. However, at least one hour pre-ordering was required, and for most movies one purchase only bought one viewing.

With the move to Sky Digital in 1998, where the Sky Digibox provided a data return path, events and movies – the latter now copy protected – could be bought minutes before or even during the event either by telephone or through an on-screen menu and PIN system.

Sky launched a sister pay-per-view channel in August 2001, Premiership Plus, which shown select football matches from the Premier League live. The service closed in 2007 as Sky were forced by the European Union to break their broadcasting monopoly on the competition.

A range of pay-per-view 3-D films were also screened on Sky 3D.

On 1 February 2011, Sky Box Office was rebranded as Sky Movies Box Office for movies. Later in the year, Sky Sports Box Office branding was added for sports and Sky 3D Box Office for 3D.

On 4 January 2017, all Sky Cinema Box Office channels ceased broadcasting, with only Sky Sports Box Office remaining available.

Content
Although at launch it showed mainly sporting events, since the launch of Sky Digital, movies along with concerts became the predominant content. However, Sky Cinema Box Office's limited movie choices and relatively high prices increasingly left it suffering in comparison to online DVD rental systems. As of 2011, films were first shown on Sky Box Office on the same day as DVD release, prior to that there was a 2 to 3-month window between DVD release and Sky Box Office release. Some films still retained the 2 to 3-month window between DVD and Sky Box Office releases. Since 2017 only sports content is available for purchase.

Content can be purchased directly through a Sky remote control. This can be accomplished by pressing "Box Office", purchase an event, confirm the order and enter the PIN if prompted. They can also be ordered online via Sky Box Office.

title: Sky Box Office


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Félix Paiva

Félix Paiva (21 February 1877, Caazapá, Caazapá Department – 2 November 1965, Asunción) was a Paraguayan politician from the Liberal Party.

He studied law and worked as university teacher, dean of the National University of Asuncion and president of the Supreme Court. In his political career he was a minister in many occasions, Vice President of Paraguay between 1920 and 1921, and also President of Paraguay from 15 August 1937 to 15 August 1939.

He became president after the overthrow of Rafael Franco. In his term he restored the Constitution of 1870. On 10 October 1938, the Congress of Paraguay confirmed Paiva as provisional president. He signed a peace agreement with Bolivia in 1938, which concluded the Chaco War.

title: Félix Paiva


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Talk:David Gregory (journalist)

Untitled
Well, I wrote the temp page, just for fun. My first try. Most info from bio at Leading Authorities. http://www.leadingauthorities.com/search/biography.htm?s=17527. There is an image here but I was not sure about copyright infringement. http://www.carlcoxphoto.com/images/David%20Gregory.jpg
 * Temp page has replaced the main article. RedWolf 03:45, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

I think it's remarkable that even the MRC named him best White House correspondent; I didn't know that. What a brave journalist, despite what some would say. -Amit

Imus Transcript
The Drudge transcript is clearly wrong. I've fixed it up a bit to match the audio and video clips I've seen. Should we still cite Drudge as the source? Should we even include the transcript? --Geedubber 23:33, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Found full audio of the phone call here. will fix transcript later tonight.--Geedubber 01:15, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

This page is biased. needs to be wikified

 * I would agree with that notion. The article needs a professional workup of the material. Also, the content which clearly shows an unfavorable bias should either be removed or given context. We should never list defamatory statements about a person in the main section. - ICarriere 20:46, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Gregory's Rather Clear Bias is Quite Important to any Fair Article
Because Gregory claims to be a neutral journalist, it then becomes important to point out the many instances in which Gregory has been very clearly biased ideologically. Were Gregory the host of an opinion show such as "Countdown," his on-camera appearances would clearly fall into the category of leftist opinion. But Gregory is doing what so many journalists do, pretending to be neutral while actually having quite an obvious ideational tilt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.44.153.18 (talk) 22:45, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

It is extremely surprising to me that this page doesn't make some acknowledgement of David Gregory's tone and approach on Meet the Press, as I feel it is a huge break from the previous host. It may be a function of how much more frequently accusations of liberal media bias come out, but there is a stark contrast in the tone he uses and the frequency in which he cuts off Democrat versus Republican guests. On the June 17, 2012 episode, the way he makes David Plouffe vigorously defend Obama's agenda and holds the President accountable for the well-being of the entire economy is clearly antagonistic. There is very little acknowledgement of Plouffe's statements on Romney's record in Massachusetts or on the Moody reports cited by David that articulates how Romney's economic plan will plunge the US further into recession. However, his later interview with John McCain flows much more like a session on collaborating about the flaws of the Obama agenda and gives him a very open and interrupted opportunity to clarify why he attacked Romney during the 2008 election. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.251.8.241 (talk) 19:13, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Provide evidence. Gregory, on numerous occasions, has gone after people on the left. To this day, I still believe the guy is somewhere around center-right. Also, the fact that he asked a question about how Bush is failing does not make him bias. Almost 3 out of every 4 people disapprove of the current President. If he was giving a constantly favorable opinion that would automatically make him bias toward a very small portion of the population.

POV
This article is little more than a transcript of White House complaints about Gregory. I'm going to work on expanding the serious info and removing some of the excess. Gamaliel 03:31, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

I am not so sure of this criticism. When I read this article I did not feel that Gregory having disputes with the White House necessarily reflected poorly upon him, he is a journalist after all. The complaints from the White House about Gregory are of the ad hominem variety and therefore, not that convincing. Also, if the conservative media watchdog gives him an award and now the Bush administration hates him, then one could argue that he is doing his job. So, in the end, I still felt able to make up my own mind on the subject. Moomot 15:08, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

I would agree that some of this stuff needs to be removed. Fully half of the article is given over to some of the more "contentious" elements in Gregory's career, i.e. the confrontation with W., the argument with McClellan, and the Imus incident. This kind of thing is really more in the nature of a footnote, or maybe a link; it doesn't deserve to be half the article -- is this Wikipedia or is this Wonkette? 68.93.120.212 05:15, 7 December 2006 (UTC)From the original author of the temp page, who is still too lazy to sign up for an actual account.

Instead of removing it, why not add more positive items to balance out the POV? I hate it when Wiki takes things out. I depend on Wiki to give me a starting point for research, and knowing more about any subject, positive, neutral, or negative, makes my job much easier.66.8.139.9 18:20, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Most of this article is critical of Gregory. The opposite case can be made and should be made. See, e.g., http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w070604&s=roth060607 (The New Republic TV, David Gregory's Greatest Fights by Zachary Roth) and http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20070604&s=roth060407 (The New Republic, King David: How a pompous reporter saved the press corps by Zachary Roth). --PubliusPresent 16:33, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Last night on Conan O'Brien's show, David Gregory stated his height as 6'5". They were talking about this thing he calls a "dream sack" that he sleeps in while in hotels (apparently he's afraid of the hotel sheets) and said something to the effect of, "It's particularly hard to find one when you're 6'5"". I corrected this last night, but someone has changed it back to 6'6". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.120.244.157 (talk) 02:10, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Potential sources
These do not generally fit Wikipedia's guidelines for external links, but they may be useful sources if someone wants to use them to improve the article. -- The Red Pen of Doom  22:13, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

potential sources

 * MSNBC: After Cheney's Shooting Incident, Time to Unload: Episode Triggers a Fusillade of Wisecracks, And a Withering Blast From White House Press, By Mark Leibovich Washington Post Staff Writer Tuesday, February 14, 2006; Page C01
 * Transcript of Q&A with Karl Rove, June 22, on Hardball
 * "U.S. Justification for Waging War on Saddam Still Haunts White House"
 * "Tucker Carlson Replaced on MSNBC"
 * David Gregory on his faith

Jewish
I noticed he is listed as Jewish in the tag line but I do not see any sources cited. Please cite a source for that or maybe it should be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4rousseau (talk • contribs) 01:05, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

When Tim Russert died, he said on air that according to his religion, which is Judaism, ... 130.64.70.240 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 20:06, 14 December 2008 (UTC).

The citation given for him having a Jewish upbringing has nothing of the sort in the article, it is a false attribution and should be removed.

This article mentions Judaism, which is irrelevant to his celebrity, so many times and so prominently it's absurd. Why does it require more than the religion label in the sidebar? Or why not mention he's white, with white parents, and his wife is white, and his kids are white too! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.160.201.171 (talk) 01:14, 14 October 2013 (UTC)
 * This article in the Washingtonian said that as part of NBC's effort to improve his on-air personality, their consultants said that it would make him seem friendlier if he revealed some of his personal life on-air, such as his Jewish religion. So it is relevant to the article. You should be able to find more discussion about his Jewishness in The Forward. --Nbauman (talk) 08:57, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

info box set up
the info box set up was info box "celebrity" rather than info box "journalist" - I tried to clean that up but could not get it to display properly. could someone give that a try? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4rousseau (talk • contribs) 20:25, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

Tony Snow
Regarding the incident in December, 2006, it is not true that Tony Snow did not answer Gregory's question. Snow clearly stated the report in question was not a rejection of the President's policies. The resultant controversy erupted because Snow stated Gregory was framing the report in a partisan fashion. The video of the press conference is widely available. Snow does answer Gregory's question and any claim to the contrary is misleading.
 * the following comment about the article has been moved from the article space-- The Red Pen of Doom  17:04, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

comment is from this edit

Condense
I did a fairly major edit on this page, mostly condensing the information. I strongly believe that each little blip in his career does not need its own sub-headline. I also deleted some information that I don't really believe added anything to the content of the article Kika chuck (talk) 17:59, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Which was promptly undone. Crap! Am I the only one who thinks all the subheadlines are stupid? Kika chuck (talk) 05:09, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Here is the source for my previous edit on Mr Gregory's violation of DC Gun Laws.
DC High Capacity Ammunition Magazines – D.C. Official Code 7-2506.01 (b) No person in the District shall possess, sell, or transfer any large capacity ammunition feeding device regardless of whether the device is attached to a firearm. For the purposes of this subsection, the term large capacity ammunition feeding device means a magazine, belt, drum, feed strip, or similar device that has a capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept, more than 10 rounds of ammunition. The term large capacity ammunition feeding device shall not include an attached tubular device designed to accept, and capable of operating only with, .22 caliber rimfire ammunition..”

I think we all know that the edit was accurate. Since the policy only applies to unsourced comments the comment needs ot be reinstated. Removing it again would be an act of vandalism as this is obviously relevant to his "Meet the press" career:

Someone w/ the right privildeges please add the below ( or something like it):

"On a recent show, Mr Gregory broke the Districts Gun laws by possessing a 30 round magazine. He even admitted to it in his description and showed it on national TV as a prop in his discussion with Mr. LaPierre. As of this writing he has not been arrested or charged" ^26

To add for references: 26. DC High Capacity Ammunition Magazines – D.C. Official Code 7-2506.01 http://www.handgunlaw.us/states/dc.pdf

Palmerwmd (talk) 02:42, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

PS: It  a little weird locking the article.. though citing the policy of no unreferenced writing about legal problems of living persons.. This very act of locking it takes away this posters ability to add the reference in the first place... pretty weird... 03:05, 25 December 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Palmerwmd (talk • contribs)

 * First, welcome to Wikipedia. The article is only "locked" in the sense that unregistered or brand-new editors will be unable to edit it for a few days after a spate of anonymous editors added unsourced allegations of criminal activity to the biography of a living person. And just quoting D.C. law is not a sufficient source. You'll need to find discussion of this alleged act in a reliable third-party source before it can be added here because Wikipedia has a strict policy against original research. - Dravecky (talk) 03:32, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for the reply. : ) Would it be sufficent if i linked a vid to him holding it during the show, which we know is in DC? It is common knowledge that they are illegal in DC and the law, the primary reference that exists, is a matter of public record and can also be quoted. It is also of tremendous interest because of his position on the matter that banning them would make people safer implicitly because then they would be absent. yet he himself proved that in DC ,where its banned you can easily get it, as would any crinimal (which he now may be). The irony of this is too delicous to hold back no matter which side of the debate you are on.

Palmerwmd (talk) 03:57, 25 December 2012 (UTC)
 * No, that would not be sufficient.
 * First: For anything someone says, simply linking to the source does not show the statement is anything of significance. We would need secondary reliable sources discussing the comment. Otherwise, articles on public figures (e.g. any president within the past 40 years) would be overrun with quotes that various editors felt were important.
 * Next: You comparing what he said with another source (the law in question) is synthesis: His statement + the law = your interpretation that he broke the law.
 * Finally: As this is a biography of a living person, controversial claims MUST be supported by coverage in reliable sources. You certainly cannot accuse a living person of a crime without citing a reliable source that makes that claim.
 * The simple version: Wikipedia reports what reliable sources say about a subject. You don't have a source saying what you are trying to say. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 06:19, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Here's a reliable source that mentions Gregory's violation of D.C. gun laws:
 * http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Journalism/2012/12/25/D-C-Police-Investigating-NBC-s-Gregory-For-Violations-of-Gun-Banning-Laws

And here's a reliable source that says the private school that he sends his children to employs 11 armed guards. These are not secret service agents to protect Obama's kids - instead, they are regular employees that the school had long before Obama ever became President:
 * http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2012/12/23/School-Obama-s-Daughters-Attend-Has-11-Armed-Guards-Not-Counting-Secret-Service

The reason that both of these are notable enough for inclusion is because they show that Gregory is a gun control hypocrite.

Larry Craig has an entire article devoted to his gay sex hypocrisy. Gregory at least deserves one sentence about each of these two things in his article.

Gh82xc56 (talk) 20:06, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Here are some more reliable sources on Gregory's alleged violation of D.C. gun law. The newsbusters link also accuses him of hypocrisy for opposing armed guards in schools while simultaneously sending his own children to a private school with 11 armed guards:
 * http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/25/washington-d-c-police-investigating-whether-nbc-moderator-violated-law/
 * http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/274515-police-investigating-nbcs-david-gregory-for-displaying-illegal-gun-clip-on-air
 * http://www.politico.com/story/2012/12/cops-probe-nbc-gregory-on-gun-clip-85481.html
 * http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/wh-petition-press-charges-against-david-gregory-breaking-dc-gun-laws_691989.html
 * http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2253134/D-C-police-investigate-NBCs-David-Gregory-broke-city-laws-brandished-magazine-clip-live-broadcast.html
 * http://newsbusters.org/blogs/tom-blumer/2012/12/23/gregory-mtp-likely-broke-dc-law-hypocritically-mocked-nras-armed-guards-

Gh82xc56 (talk) 21:19, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

 * So, a few right wing blogs and a few articles reporting that right wing blogs are reporting something, plus commentary from anonymous Twitter users courtesy the Daily Mail, report that the D.C. police are investigating something they saw on TV. I can read the follow-up sentence ("Ultimately, no charges were filed.") from here. Perhaps it will rise to notable enough for inclusion in a BLP should actual charges be filed. (Not every single random thing that gets mentioned in the press is notable enough for an encyclopedia entry.) - Dravecky (talk) 00:16, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

 * CNN is not right wing or reporting what right wingers said. The CNN article states, "Washington Metropolitan Police Department is investigating whether NBC’s David Gregory violated D.C. gun laws when he displayed what he described as a 30 round magazine as part of an interview during Sunday’s 'Meet the Press.'" It does not say "... according to right wing sources."

 * The Hill is a very reliable source.
 * Here are more reliable sources on this:
 * http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Report-Police-question-NBC-host-over-gun-4145290.php
 * http://www.theblaze.com/stories/dc-police-investigating-nbcs-david-gregory-for-possible-gun-law-violation/
 * http://www.wtop.com/109/3171388/Did-David-Gregory-violate-DC-gun-law
 * http://www.businessinsider.com/nra-wayne-lapierre-meet-the-press-david-gregory-2012-12
 * http://dailycaller.com/2012/12/23/david-gregory-presses-nras-wayne-lapierre-may-have-violated-dc-law/
 * Gh82xc56 (talk) 02:55, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I know you're (apparently) new to Wikipedia and it's exciting to see the several new editors who have (apparently) come aboard in the last few days just to edit on this specific topic but not everything that the press writes about makes it into a living person's encyclopedia article. I could show you a dozen solid news sources for what Mitt Romney had for breakfast on almost every day in October 2012 but I guarantee you there will not be a "Mitt Romney's October 2012 breakfasts" article or section in any article related to him or the recent campaign. Police investigate things all the time. When charges are filed, then it may rise to worthy inclusion of this biography of a living person. - Dravecky (talk) 03:04, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

Not to mention this latest bit:. "An official from the D.C. police told a member of the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives that David Gregory COULD display a high capacity magazine [...] 'Meet the Press' may have gotten 2 different answers from law enforcement." I wouldn't necessarily consider TMZ a great source, but in this case, that's even more reason to just wait for more information. Other media are picking up the TMZ report now as well. It may have been against DC gun laws, but it's certainly BLP without the proper context...e.g., did Gregory willfully violate the law as initial reports stated? Doesn't seem notable unless he's actually charged with something, in any case. – 2001:db8:: (rfc | diff) 22:49, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

 * The original objection by Dravecky was "You'll need to find discussion of this alleged act in a reliable third-party source before it can be added here because Wikipedia has a strict policy against original research."
 * So, in response to that, here's one of the most reliable sources of all - Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/26/usa-people-gregory-idUSL1E8NQ3M020121226
 * Gh82xc56 (talk) 04:43, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes, and then I expanded on the relevant policy, explaining that not everything verifiable is automatically notable for inclusion in the biography of a living person. So far, only the verifiability threshold has been crossed. - Dravecky (talk) 05:38, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Legality of possession of high capacity magazine, again (based on January AG letter).

 * OK, admittedly, I'm not a regular wikipedia-er--I read it quite a lot, but rarely edit. So I removed "potential" from "potential violation of DC Code ...", as the Attorney General has come out and said so.  UW Dawgs says the adjective is necessary because there's no police report, arrest or charge.  OtterSmith removes the "potential" again (pointing out, again, that this is what the Attorney General said) and then Dravecky changes "potential" to "apparent", with a note of "compromise".  What does "apparent" mean?  Google says: "1. Clearly visible or understood; obvious. 2. Seeming real or true, but not necessarily so."  I think "1." is close to my understanding, and I'm guessing "2." is close to UW Dawgs understanding.  So "apparent" is at least ambiguous and confusing, and I would also argue unnecessary.  I'd be interested in hearing others' thoughts. 01:16 18 January 2013 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.76.96.145 (talk)
 * See Verifiability. Do you have a source for Gregory definitively breaking the 7-2506.01(b) (or another) statute? And before getting hung up on Wikipedia policy, stating that someone in fact broke a law without providing citations is potentially libelous. UW Dawgs (talk) 17:02, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes. The Attorney General's letter stated they were declining to prosecute the violation of the law that had occurred. Do we need to put the complete text of the letter into the article? htom (talk) 18:34, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Found the document to which you are referring and added it as sourcing for the assertion. UW Dawgs (talk) 20:07, 18 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The AG's letter claims the illegal to possess magazine has been given to the MPD by NBC. (Presumably this giving took place outside of Washington DC ....)htom (talk) 04:04, 18 January 2013 (UTC)

Snips from text of letter from AG to NBC
People keep putting in "softening" language about Gregory's display of the magazine. Here, some snips of the letter where the Attorney General of Washington, DC, explains the law and violation that occurred:

 * ...of the news program "Meet the Press" on Sunday December 23,2012. On that broadcast, during the course of an interview of a guest regarding firearms policy in the United States, the program host, David Gregory, exhibited on camera a large capacity ammunition feeding device ("magazine") in violation of D.C. law.
 * ... The device in the host's possession on that broadcast was a magazine capable of holding up to 30 rounds of ammunition. The host also possessed and displayed another ammunition magazine capable of holding five to ten rounds of ammunition. Neither magazine contained any ammunition nor was either connected to any firearm. The broadcast took place from NBC studios located at 4001 Nebraska Avenue, N.W. in Washington, D.C. It is unlawful under D.C. Code Section 7-2506.01(b) for any person while in the District of Columbia to "possess, sell, or transfer any large capacity ammunition feeding device regardless of whether the device is attached to a firearm" or loaded. Under the Subsection, the term "large capacity ammunition feeding device" means a "magazine, belt, drum, feed strip or similar device that has the capacity of, or that can be readily restored or converted to accept more than ten rounds of ammunition." Under D.C. Code Section 7-2507.06, any person convicted of a violation of this Subsection may be imprisoned for not more than one year, fined not more than $1,000, or both.
 * ... The larger of the two ammunition feeding devices in question here meets the definition under the statute. OAG has responsibility for prosecuting such offenses and takes that responsibility very seriously. We have a history of aggressively prosecuting violations of this statute where the circumstances warrant. There is no doubt of the gravity of the illegal conduct in this matter,
 * ...OAG has determined to exercise its prosecutorial discretion to decline to bring criminal charges against Mr. Gregory, who has no criminal record, or any other NBC employee based on the events associated with the December 23,2012 broadcast. OAG has made this determination, despite the clarity of the violation of this important law,
 * ... On the other hand, no specific intent is required for this violation, and ignorance of the law or even confusion about it is no defense. We therefore did not rely in making our judgment on the feeble and unsatisfactory efforts that NBC made to determine whether or not it was lawful to possess, display and broadcast this large capacity magazine as a means of fostering the public policy debate.

Someone should probably download the entire thing and store it away here for future references. htom (talk) 06:45, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

"Apparent" violation
I do not understand why people keep inserting the word "apparent" in front of violation. Gregory claimed it was a 30 round magazine. The law claims such are a violation. The police investigated, found the magazine, it is a 30 round magazine. The Attorney General of DC states the possession was a violation; "There is no doubt of the gravity of the illegal conduct in this matter"; and "the clarity of the violation of this important law". How does this become "in apparent violation"?

I'm not removing it again, but I'm really disappointed in this example of WP:WEASEL and WP:ALLEGED; there is nothing in the AG's language, opinion, and explanation that approaches "apparent violation".

 * AG Nathan stated that Gregory was in violation of 7-2506.01(b) and that is reflected unambiguously in the article language and supported via a citation. Beyond Nathan's opinion, how do you propose to support that Gregory was in violation of 7-2506.01(b)?  Many media sources speculated that Gregory was in violation and those are reflected via the existing language and citations as well. UW Dawgs (talk) 22:41, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Our paragraph says: On the December 23, 2012 broadcast of Meet the Press with National Rifle Association chief executive Wayne LaPierre, Gregory displayed what he identified as "a magazine for ammunition that carries 30 bullets".[26][27] NBC had requested permission from the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) to include a high-capacity magazine in the segment and were denied.[28][29] Gregory displayed the magazine on the show, in apparent violation of D.C. Code 7-2506.01(b) prohibiting the possession of magazines with a capacity in excess of "10 rounds of ammunition".[30][31][32]
 * How is this unambiguously reflecting a violation? Striking "apparent", leaving "... on the show, in violation of ..." would seem more unambiguous, removing the implied possible misunderstanding. htom (talk) 01:07, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Wrong paragraph. "On January 8, 2013, a spokeswoman for D.C. Police Chief Cathy L. Lanier said her department has "completed the investigation into this matter, and the case has been presented to the District’s Office of the Attorney General for a determination of the prosecutorial merit of the case." On January 11, 2013, Attorney General of the District of Columbia Irvin Nathan declared Gregory's action was in violation of 7-2506.01(b),[36] but that he would not proceed with prosecution.[37]" UW Dawgs (talk) 01:23, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

For consistency, then, "apparently" should be struck from the paragraph I've quoted. - htom (talk)
 * Unless he was found guilty in a court of law, all we have is the assertion from the AG that in their (expert) opinion he appeared to be in violation but that they would not prosecute. "Innocent until proven guilty" is still a solid guideline, especially for biographies of living people. - Dravecky (talk) 10:11, 20 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Where in the text of the letter does it say that "he appeared to be in violtion"? It says he was in violation, and they are choosing not to prosecute! (There are handy snips from the text in the section above, or you can search it out yourself online.)htom (talk) 21:46, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Is this a court of law, or Wikipedia? This isn't about Gregory being "guilty" of any charges.  Nobody's arguing that.  How about "The Attorney General *claimed* Gregory violated the law."?  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.76.96.154 (talk) 15:50, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * It already reads, "On January 11, 2013, Attorney General of the District of Columbia Irvin Nathan declared Gregory's action was in violation of 7-2506.01(b),[36] but that he would not proceed with prosecution.[37]" What is your objection or proposed change? UW Dawgs (talk) 16:49, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * That the word "apparent" be struck from "in apparent violation" in the first paragraph of the section "High Capacity Magazine Display". htom (talk) 21:46, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Again, what is the support for the assertion, beyond Nathan's stated opinion which is already incorporated with a citation in the article? Nathan stated (that he believes) Gregory violated the statute.  I find it a tremendous leap to state that Gregory violated the statute absent ANY other support. UW Dawgs (talk) 22:01, 21 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, there's Gregory's own statement on the air that it was a 30 round magazine! And NBC producing a 30 round magazine to give to the MPD, who either destroyed it or put it into safe keeping. And Nathan does not state that "he believes" Gregory violated the statute. He says "There is no doubt of the gravity of the illegal conduct in this matter,..."; "the clarity of the violation of this important law, ..." ... Have you read the letter at all? htom (talk) 01:00, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * And again, how do you propose to cite this as proving Gregory broke the statute? Already stipulated that Nathan believes this and is cited as such. There does not appear to be any record of law enforcement being present at the broadcast, confiscation of any evidence at that time, and no charge, trial, plea, or conviction of Gregory. I feel the discussion is simply going in a very small circle, repeating that Nathan believes Gregory to have broken the statute without any other sourcing. And Yes, I'm the contributor who located, read, and cited Nathan's document. UW Dawgs (talk) 01:21, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * He's cited as saying it is a fact, not a belief. MPD investigated, found the offending magazine. I am not saying we should say that Gregory was guilty ... but we should say that he did it, not that he appeared to do it. Otherwise, it makes no sense for the prosecutor to exercise prosecutorial discretion in not charging him -- if he had not done the deed, there would be no need for discretion, one does not charge people if you know they only appeared to break the law. Or one shouldn't, anyway.htom (talk) 02:22, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * If you're "not saying we should say that Gregory was guilty" then you cannot "say that he did it". And the statements of a district attorney do not create facts or else we could save a lot of money by doing away with courts and judges and trials and such. The D.A.'s statement is what it is, and it's cited as such. Anything beyond that for a biography of a living person would require a court verdict. Seriously. - Dravecky (talk) 05:01, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Really? Because you do a deed you are guilty? That really gets rid of the trials, courts, juries, and judges. Because you are found guilty you have to have done the deed? We can get rid of the Innocence Project, then! There is no question that he displayed the magazine, he claimed it was what it was. The question, is "then why wasn't he charged", and the answer by Nathan is "prosecutor's discretion", not "question of having done the deed."htom (talk) 14:14, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

Regarding the explicit noting of WP:WEASEL and WP:ALLEGED within "Gregory displayed the magazine on the show, in apparent violation of D.C. Code 7-2506.01(b) prohibiting the possession of magazines with a capacity in excess of "10 rounds of ammunition," the context is about media noting the potential code violation.  I think it reads fine as-is, but could be rephrased along the lines of "Gregory displayed the magazine on the show, with media reports noting D.C. Code 7-2506.01(b) prohibits the possession of magazines with a capacity in excess of "10 rounds of ammunition" or such. UW Dawgs (talk) 20:48, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
 * I think that your rephrasing would be an improvement, changing "media reports noting" to "media reports then noting". htom (talk) 04:27, 23 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Updated using this language. UW Dawgs (talk) 19:41, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

CUT IN PAY
I want all 500 and some employed government in Washington take a cut in pay.

Work together. Stop all pay after they leave office! Barbara — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.195.192.180 (talk) 14:31, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

Fallacious questioning
I just had an edit reverted. To avoid an edit war, I am taking the dispute to the talk page. Here is the core of my edit that resulted in a revert:

 * On June 23, 2013, Gregory employed the complex question fallacy, "perhaps the most widely practiced of the devious devices used in what is known as 'yellow journalism'," during an interview of journalist Glenn Greenwald.

The edit was reverted because "WP:OR, source cited does not discuss Gregory". My edit created a wiki-link to the specific fallacy employed. Then I used my source for a direct quote describing the common use of the fallacy in journalism. I do not believe this constitutes WP:OR, but I ask for the opinion of other Wikipedians. --JHP (talk) 20:06, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I have changed my edit so hopefully I will be on safer ground regarding WP:OR. The new sentence simply says "On June 23, 2013, Gregory employed the complex question fallacy during an interview of journalist Glenn Greenwald." --JHP (talk) 20:30, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

 * You are advancing a position not advanced by the sources: "Gregory employed the complex question fallacy". That is original research. To add the material you added you would need a reliable source that specifically states that the fallacy was involved in this particular exchange. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 20:37, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Sources are not required to add information to Wikipedia articles. For WP:BLP, sources are required for contentious information. Wikipedia has an entire article on the complex question fallacy. After reading that article, do you disagree that David Gregory's question was a complex question? If so, what is your reasoning? --JHP (talk) 21:22, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I think it would be more encyclopedic to identify the actual fallacy that David Gregory employed, with a wiki-link to an article describing the fallacy. However, if you prefer, I can dumb it down with references. The Washington Post called it a "gotcha inquiry" and said the question contained a "veiled accusation". The Los Angeles Times said "Gregory’s question disguised a loaded assumption." Meanwhile, the New York Times says "If you tease apart his inquiry, it suggests there might be something criminal in reporting out important information from a controversial source." These are all ways of describing the complex question fallacy for journalists who probably aren't specifically familiar with it. I think of an encyclopedia as a source where people can learn. That's why I'd much rather identify the fallacy and link to its Wikipedia article. --JHP (talk) 22:16, 27 June 2013 (UTC)
 * You are not adding information to the article, you are adding your opinion to the article. Initially, you said Gregory was practicing yellow journalism. Even in your trimmed version, you are accusing him of using misleading questioning to target his subject. If you have a reliable source saying that, you might be able to say that the source accused him of this. You are stating in in Wikipedia's voice as an objective fact. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 01:33, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Whether something is a fallacy is not opinion. It is objective fact. That's the whole point of the study of logic: whether a line of reasoning is valid or invalid can be objectively identified. The identification of fallacies is part of the study of logic. You are pretending (or assuming) that logic is about opinions. It is not.
 * In the case of David Gregory's question, his line of reasoning was invalid because it "disguised a loaded assumption". That's the complex question fallacy (a.k.a. loaded question). I will very happily change the text to say "The Los Angeles Times said 'Gregory’s question disguised a loaded assumption.'" It's just different phrasing for the same thing and I have a reliable source. --JHP (talk) 06:18, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
 * A further point: You said I am claiming he used "misleading questioning". I am claiming he posed a fallacious question. The two are not the same. Whether a question is misleading is opinion; whether a question is fallacious is objective fact. --JHP (talk) 16:50, 28 June 2013 (UTC)
 * This is an "objective fact" only after we have established several other facts and assembled them to fit the definition. This is original reseach -- more specifically, synthesis.
 * "To the extent that you have aided and abetted Snowden," Gregory said, "even in his current movements, why shouldn't you, Mr. Greenwald, be charged with a crime?" Presumably, you are reading "you have aided and abetted Snowden" as a supposition which has not been proven/widely accepted. Two problems: 1) you now need to backtrack and show this is not proven (good luck) and 2) that is NOT what Gregory said. To fit unequivocally, Gregory would have had to have said, "Shouldn't you be charged with a crime for aiding and abetting Snowden?" For emphasis: Gregory did not say that.
 * You might, at this point, wish to argue that the distinction is minor or immaterial. You might want to argue that I misunderstand Logic 101. You might want to argue that we should instead call it a "loaded question". All of these bring us to the central problem here: We can't both be right. Wikipedia has a way of dealing with this: verifiability. If you have a reliable source stating what you are trying to add, we have no issue.
 * Additionally, the heading "Fallacious questioning" has to go. We need balance. The article currently makes an accusation against Gregory while ignoring those who supported the use of the very question under discussion, as covered in the Poynter source we are currently using. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 22:37, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

 * OK, I made the change with lots of quotes and directly relevant references. I still need to add citation templates. Before I go through the work of filling out the citation templates, I'll wait to make sure my edit isn't just going to get reverted when you see it. I think the change may be worse from a WP:NPOV perspective, but I wanted to use every directly relevant source I tracked down earlier to fully satisfy your WP:V and WP:NOR criticism. I think it's redundant to say "veiled accusation" immediately prior to "disguised a loaded assumption", but I feel I need to separate them if I want to use both sources and "say that the source accused him of this". --JHP (talk) 06:27, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

 * We still need balance. The article currently makes an accusation against Gregory while ignoring those who supported the use of the very question under discussion, as covered in the Poynter source. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 13:33, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I added a relevant quote about a conceivable defense from the Poynter article. It was the only quote from the Poynter article that seemed relevant to the logical structure of David Gregory's question. I have been limiting all my edits to a discussion about the logical structure of the question. On a broader scope, I completely agree with the argument in the Poynter article that "Journalists can ask tough questions to other journalists. ... If they don't, who will?" However, that is beyond the narrow issue all my edits were addressing. It has never been my intent to become a general editor of that section. If you want to add other content for overall balance, go ahead. As far as I am concerned, I consider the edit dispute to be over. I don't want anyone else holding off on edits on my account, especially if those edits can add overall balance. --JHP (talk) 07:26, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

David Gregory spread a falsehood about Medicare tax provision of the ACA
Probably should be added to the page. Numerous sources debunk his mistruth on the matter and he had to apologize:

http://www.fair.org/blog/2013/07/08/to-millionaire-tv-host-anybody-who-gets-a-paycheck-makes-more-than-200000/

http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/07/07/meet-the-press-david-gregory-falsely-claims-all/194751

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/07/07/1221897/-David-Gregory-lies-about-Medicare-tax-provision-of-the-ACA

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/15/david-gregory-correction-apology-obamacare_n_3600462.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cowicide (talk • contribs) 08:52, 25 July 2013 (UTC)

Murder In Forest Ms.
I have a story about a murder in Forest Ms. I think you might remember it because you from time to time worked with the today show I used to watch you all the time I am not a writer wouldn't know the first step but I know you write and thought you might be able to help me get my story on paper I am the guy that helped break the case when the murderer broke in and attempted to murder the ex-wife and her other 3 children and I spoiled his plan but the next day the 12 year old boy we had been looking for was found burried in the back yard the today show did coverage on this story I laid in my hospital bed and watched it after comming out of surgery please get to back to me if you could help me to put this into book form  you can contact me at Reggie0913@aol.com  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.44.162.174 (talk) 18:46, 23 September 2015 (UTC)

High-capacity magazine display
I reworded one paragraph in the "High-capacity magazine display" section to improve the grammar and remove the wordiness and unnecessary legalese, including the quote and repeat of the criminal Code number which is already mentioned previously in the section. Another editor, UW Dawgs, reverted my changes completely, linking to a 2013 talk page discussion among a couple editors.

I kept exactly what was stated in the original version, but simply rewrote it to improve the presentation and add a link to Nathan's article. The "lawyerly speak" quote from the police chief's spokesperson isn't needed as there's nothing remarkable about it; it can simply be explained in our own wording. Also, alluding to the "7-2506.01(b)" legal lingo serves no purpose since it's already used in the first paragraph of the section. I also placed both sources at teh very end of the paragraph, rather than splitting them up, since they verify the entire paragraph and improves the appearance.

Old version: On January 8, 2013, a spokeswoman for D.C. Police Chief Cathy L. Lanier said her department has "completed the investigation into this matter, and the case has been presented to the District’s Office of the Attorney General for a determination of the prosecutorial merit of the case." On January 11, 2013, Attorney General of the District of Columbia Irvin Nathan declared Gregory's action was in violation of 7-2506.01(b), but that he would not proceed with prosecution.

New version I changed it to: On January 8, 2013, a spokeswoman for D.C. police chief Cathy L. Lanier said her department had completed its investigation into the matter and referred it to the office of the District's attorney general to determine if Gregory would be prosecuted. D.C. attorney general Irvin B. Nathan announced three days later that although Gregory had violated the law, no charges would be filed against him or any other NBC employees.

If any editors want to give their opinion as to which version they prefer, please comment.

Rowssusan (talk) 00:39, 12 November 2015 (UTC)

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Abba Jifar II

Moti Abba Jifar II (Mootii Abbaa Jifaar; 1861 – 1932) was King of the Gibe Kingdom of Jimma (r. 1878–1932).

Reign
Abba Jifar II was king of Jimma, and the son of Abba Gomol and Queen Gumiti. He had several wives: Queen Limmiti, who was the daughter of the King of Limmu-Ennarea; Queen Minjo, the daughter of the King of Kaffa; and Queen Sapertiti, also from Limmu-Ennarea.

During Abba Jifar II reign there were Sufi saints who supported his rule. One of them is Sadati Of Bure, who later migrated to Illubabor.

In the 1880s, Abba Jifar II conquered a portion of the Kingdom of Janjero, which lay east of Jimma, along the Omo River, and incorporated it into his kingdom.

Due to the advice of his mother Queen Gumiti, to avoid the detriments of war, he agreed to submit to Menelik II, negus of Shewa in 1884. In 1886, Abba Jifar II paid peace offerings consisting of "slaves (including eunuchs), ivory, bamboo internodes filled with civet, jars of honey, locally made cloth, spears, shields ornamented with silver plates, and objects of wood (including stools)." Because of these "shrewd politics" (Herbert S. Lewis' words), which included providing military assistance to Menelik in conquering the neighboring kingdoms of Kullo (1889), Walamo (1894), and Kaffa (1897), he was able to preserve the autonomy of Jimma until his death. On the other hand, Alexander Bulatovich states that, when Jimma was annexed to Ethiopia, Emperor Menelik imprisoned Aba Jifar "for inspiring excessive enthusiasm in his own standing army and trying to entice Abyssinian soldiers to his own service" in Ankober for a year. "When he was freed," Bulatovich continues, "Aba Jefar again received the throne of Jimma from Menelik." Historian Enrico Cerulli however states that Abba Jifar was detained for 26 weeks due to his refusal to hand over Hadiya rebel leader Hassan Enjamo.

Queen Gumiti also advised him to expand the cultivation of coffee in his kingdom, which provided increased revenue for him and his subjects.

In January 1898, as part of a Red Cross mission to southwestern Ethiopia, Bulatovich visited Jimma, and was the guest of Abba Jifar. While in Jeren, Bulatovich treated the Queen Mother for "a little bronchitis". He left the following description of the king:

"Aba Jefar is still a young man -- handsome, well-built, and somewhat in his prime. He has a typical face: a straight thin nose; bright, handsome eyes which shift suspiciously from side to side; a thick black beard; and black, short-cropped, curly hair. His hands are graceful. He wears large gold rings on all his fingers. Dressed in a white shirt and trousers, he has draped over his shoulders the thinnest white shamma. His feet are also very small and handsome, clad in leather sandals."

Towards his later years, Abba Jifar II succumbed to senility. His grandson Abba Jobir attempted to take control and re-assert Jimma's independence. However, Emperor Haile Selassie responded quickly and sent military forces against Abba Jobir. The soldiers brought Abba Jobir back to Addis Ababa, where he was imprisoned.

In 1930, Haile Selassie removed an enfeebled Abba Jifar II from power and installed his son-in-law, Ras Desta Damtew, in his place. Desta Damtew ruled as Governor (Shum) of Jimma, while Abba Jifar II was allowed to remain as King (Negus) as titular head. When Abba Jifar II died in 1932, the Kingdom of Jimma was officially ruled directly by the Emperor.

title: Abba Jifar II


text:
Eusebio Ayala

Eusebio Ayala Bordenave (August 14, 1875 – June 4, 1942) was a Paraguayan politician who served as the 28th President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936.

A member of the Liberal Party, Ayala led Paraguay through the Chaco War (1932 - 1935), which resulted in an upset victory against Bolivia, securing Paraguayan control over large parts of the disputed Gran Chaco region. In February of 1936, however, Ayala was overthrown by Colonel Rafael Franco.

Early life
Ayala was born in Barrero Guasu (Barrero Grande), Cordillera Department, Paraguay, on August 14, 1875; his parents were Abdón Bordenave and Casimira Ayala, his mother an illiterate adolescent of 19. His first schooling was in his hometown, with his aunt Benita. Then he moved to the country's capital, Asunción, where he worked as a trainee in a shop. He was able to enter the National College of Asunción and received his bachelor's degree in 1896. Ayala then taught classes in schools, through which he could afford his expenses at the College of Law, National University, where he graduated as Doctor of Social Science and Law in 1904, defending a thesis on the national budget.

After completing his university education, Ayala made several trips to Europe. The first was as secretary of the embassy of Great Britain for three years, time that he came to master English and French, and also improve his philosophical and cultural training. It was in one of those trips where he met the person who would be his future wife, Madame Marcelle Amelia Durand. She was born in Tours, France, January 16, 1889. She had gotten married at very young age to a Parisian jeweler, but he suffered from a mental problem that drove him to suicide, leaving Marcelle a childless widow. After the incident, she continued living in Paris, where she met Eusebio Ayala. Marcelle lived until her last days in Paraguay, dying in Asuncion on April 20, 1954. Her years close to the statesman were recorded in her book Memories.

Early career

Upon his return to Paraguay, he taught classes of Criminal Law and Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law and he became Rector of the University of Asunción.

As a journalist he worked at El Diario and El Liberal, and later he was editor of the Journal of Law and Social Sciences. Jose P. Guggiari appointed him ambassador to the United States. He was remembered, as the only Paraguayan of that era who gave a lecture in The Sorbonne, Paris, on the uti possidetis in French. Fruit of his research in finance, he wrote a book which he called "Monetary issues and related topics" in 1917.

Politics
In his long political career he was legal adviser to major corporations, deputy, senator, minister of Finance, Justice, Worship and Education and Foreign Affairs. He was Minister of Finance of Paraguay in 1916 and in 1919. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1909.

He joined the Liberal Party in 1908 and campaigned in the "radical" sector. During the presidency of Emiliano González Navero, in 1909, he was appointed chancellor, a position he also held in following governments. He was also one of the founders of the Paraguayan Society of International Law and became a delegate of the International Financial Conference, held in Buenos Aires in 1916.

Government
Following the resignation of President Manuel Gondra, the National Congress named Eusebio Ayala as temporary president on November 7, 1921, due to a political crisis and the impossibility of forming a government by Vice President Félix Paiva. Ayala served in this position until April 12, 1923. These were extremely difficult times for the country, and Ayala's presidency played a role in the civil war of 1922, during which he resigned his post and defeated political opponents who staged an insurrection after Ayala blocked their attempts to hold a presidential election.

Ayala became president again between August 15, 1932 and February 17, 1936. He came into office just when the Chaco War with Bolivia (1932–1935) was beginning. Dr. Ayala visited the battlefront several times during the war, and the Paraguayan forces ultimately won despite being outmanned and under-equipped. For this, he was called "President of Victory."

The war consumed most of the energy of the Government during Ayala's second term, but he undertook some other tasks as president, such as the formalization of the restored version of the National Anthem. During the war, he held the three main pillars of his policy: As Commander-in-Chief, along with General José Félix Estigarribia, he led successful campaigns of the Army; implemented a progressive system of expenses; and maintained a diplomatic directive with the strong desire to achieve peace with dignity.

After the war, a military movement overthrew Ayala's presidency on February 17, 1936, a few months before the end of his term. He was imprisoned and then exiled, relocating to Buenos Aires.

Exile and later years
Accompanied by General Estigarribia, Dr. Eusebio Ayala left Paraguay on September 5, 1936, to Buenos Aires, where his wife and a reception with all the honors were waiting for him. He resumed his professional activities by the year 1938. He joined a major law firm in Buenos Aires, and led the Argentine–Paraguayan Chamber. He also wrote for La Razon, a local newspaper. His son, Roger, had finished his studies and lived with his parents. Ayala returned to Asuncion to do some work business, and took advantage of this opportunity to visit his sister.

Ayala died in Buenos Aires on June 4, 1942. To commemorate him the old San Lorenzo street and his hometown in Paraguay were renamed after him, on June 17, 1942.

On September 28, 1992, the remains of Eusebio Ayala arrived on a special flight at Silvio Pettirossi international airport from Buenos Aires. A vehicle of the Army transported the urn to the “Palacio de Lopez”, under the greeting of the Paraguayan flags. On September 29, 1992, the remains of Dr. Eusebio Ayala finally rested in his country, in the National Pantheon of the Heroes in Asuncion.

title: Eusebio Ayala


text:
Talk:Historical Latvian Lands

Zemgale descrn contradicts to latvian article in its rajons. mikka (t) 21:47, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Move ?
I suggest this article to be moved. The current title may imply that these regions are some kind of historical division, while these in fact are still in use. The proper Latvian term which distinguishes these from other kind of regions is regions of cultural history, which my be a bit awkward in English, but perhaps still Cultural regions of Latvia would be a better title ? Xil (talk) 23:44, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Why not? Cultural region is in fact a concept used, and the category also exists. Talk/♥фĩłдωəß♥\Work 22:17, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Historical Latvian Lands


text:
Eligio Ayala

José Eligio Ayala (4 December 1879 – 24 October 1930) was President of Paraguay from 12 April 1923 to 17 March 1924 and again from 15 August 1924 until 15 August 1928. He was a member of the Liberal Party.

Life
Jose Eligio Ayala was born in Mbuyapey in the department of Paraguarí on 4 December 1879, son of Spanish Mariano Sisa and Paraguayan Manuela de Jesus Ayala. He was twin brother of Emilio de Jesus Ayala and brother of Eliseo's father, Juan Pablo, Juan Bautista and Manuel Sisa. He was the father of the son of Rosaura Abelardo Gonzalez and daughter Anastasia Candelaria Duplán. The Ayala family owned a farm with some dairy products, a pair of horses, hens, pigs, and a small ranch where they grew some vegetables.

His primary studies were conducted in his hometown and continued in Paraguarí. In 1897 he joined the National College of Encarnación, where his uncle Jose del Rosario Ayala, director of that institution, financed his studies because the Ayala family had limited economic resources. Culminating the third year, he moved to Asunción to enter the National College Asuncion, where he finished high school, helped by a grant from the government.

After completing the baccalaureate, he obtained a position as a classifier of official documents in the National Archives and joined the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences. There, he was president of the Students' Council of this house of studies in 1903. He earned his doctorate degree in law and Social Science 22 December 1905. While he was a student, he was taught mathematics and story in secondary schools.

In 1911 he left from the port of Buenos Aires (his place of exile) to Europe to continue his studies in philosophy, economics, aesthetics and philosophy law at the University of Heidelberg, Germany and Zürich Switzerland. In Berlin he wrote his book "Agricultural Evolution in England" and "The Paraguay seen from Europe." At the end of March 1920, after visiting Spain, Portugal and Argentina, he returned to Paraguay.

Ayala's government
He was Minister of Finance of Paraguay from 1920 to 1921, and from 1921 to 1923.

In 1923, following the resignation of provisional president Eusebio Ayala, in the lawless years of the first half of the '20s, Eligio Ayala, who was appointed by Congress, assumed the provisional presidency of the Republic in April, 1923 initiating the pacification of the country after the revolution in 1921/22 and cleansing of public finances. On 3 February 1924, the Convention appointed him as Liberal candidate for the presidency of the Republic and to accompany him as vice president, he appointed Manuel Burgos, that would be the pair for elections that year.

On March 17, 1924, Ayala resigned from the provisional chairmanship noting: "I am grateful to your honor of the confidence to play a position of such serious responsibilities. I declare before you honorably that I have done so as not to defraud, in the midst of many and powerful contrarieties." ("Agradezco a vuestro honorabilidad la confianza para desempeñar un cargo de tan graves responsabilidades. Declaro ante vuestro Honorabilidad que he hecho para no defraudarla, en medio de muchas y poderosas contrariedades."). As the new president of the Congress, he appointed doctor Luis Alberto Riart as the new provisional president.

Eligio Ayala was a candidate in presidential elections, and as he did not have any opposition in the election, he assumed presidency of Republic of Paraguay, on 15 August 1924.

During his second government, the country experienced the best increase of work, production, export and a substantial improvement in the economic and financial situation in the history of the country. They approved an agreement with the bondholders of loans from 1871–72,the autonomy to the National University was given; the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics was created; treaties were signed Diaz-Leon Gutierrez, with Bolivia, and Ibarra-Mangabeira, with Brazil, supplementary to the treaty of 1872. The archdiocese of the Asuncion was created. They settled in Sajonia the Dockyards War and Navy; created the School of Aspiring Reserve Officers; created a School of Agriculture, and before the impending conflict in Chaco the gunboats "Humaitá" and "Paraguay" were acquired, armaments, etc.. When assuming his successor, José P. Guggiari, From 1928 to 1930, Eligio Ayala resumed as Minister of Finance of Paraguay. He was also author of some 14 books on various topics.

Works during his government

 * He adopted a Law on Establishment, Development and Conservation of small agricultural property.
 * He enacted a law on Accidents at work, in addition to other related to Pensions and Retirement.
 * Between 1924 and 1926 a considerable number of machines as plows, tractors, cultivators, seeders, etc. were brought.
 * The financial representative in London signed an agreement with bondholders on borrowings made by Paraguay from 1871.

Political biography
He served as the first judge in the Civil administration of justice. Previously he had served as prosecutor of crime and in 1907, began his political career to run for deputy, and was elected the following year. He became member of the parliament from the Liberal Party in 1908. He was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies on April 22, 1910. But political events later forced him to self exile to Argentina.

Eligio Ayala was mortally wounded in a crime of passion on 23 October 1930 and died on 24 October 1930.

title: Eligio Ayala


text:
Talk:Greg Dyke

I have read Greg Dykes book....I think he should now be heading the Olympic Team as Chief Executive. He has the golden touch. He could also turn the fortunes of Eurotunnel around!

I've added a comparison with the fall of Alasdair Milne, since that seemed as relevant to the political control of the BBC as the resignation of Hugh Greene.

Maybe it's me but this article sure seems short of some necessary sources. For example, I would think that some source should be used for the statement that the government is trying to kill the reporter. Also, the statement about his book being poorly reviewed should be supported. There are other instances, but these are starters.Dawgknot 22:22, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I haven't written anything on this page but for the "kill" thing - . Problem is that the link is newer than the article entry, and most entries are very similarly worded to wikipedia - who said Wikipedia couldn't "create" the truth?? :). Off to bed - soz can't help any more -- Tomhab 22:31, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

"Personality Test" appearance
Dyke appeared today on Radio 4's "The Personality Test". Someone may want to review this episode for relevant personal data before it disappears from the "Listen Again" page. (Factoid: his car number plate is .)  121a0012 04:48, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Tone of this article
The section concerning Dyke's involvement with the Hutton Enquiry seems a little sparse, considering this is one of his career "highlights". It, and particularly the quotation from the staff email, seems to suggest Dyke accepts a good deal more culpability than was actually the case. I would suggest there is a contextual bias here. Kris Hansen 13:33, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Photo
Can anyone source a good, current main photo of Greg Dyke? Granted the one that's here is very interesting and good in a historical sense, but I don't feel it's representative of what he's looked like for the last 30 years.Cheers.Kaleeyed (talk) 15:51, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Re: this, added a request. Kaleeyed (talk) 20:41, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree! I actually came to this talk page to ask the same thing - mainly because I figured it was quicker to follow a link to this page from a previous Wikipedia page (to see what he looks like) than it would be to Google him! I don't think anyone's saying "TAKE DOWN THE OLD ONE! IT MAKES HIM LOOK IDIOTIC!!!" - and as Kaleeyed said, it's definitely interesting and a candid look at a man who later had one of the world's biggest media corporations on his shoulders, but it definitely shouldn't be the only one of him here! -- 143.65.196.4 (talk) 18:01, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Grammatical issue?
" claiming that broadcast media had always more strictly regulated."

shouldn't this be, "had always been..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.23.132.213 (talk) 14:57, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

From Commisionaire to Director General in only two generations??? Comment
Isn't it significant that Dyke's grandfather was a Commissionaire at Television Center? Demonstrates BBC TV was an upwardly mobile place of employment. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Tales+of+Television+Centre&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=0273EB5ABFE2A3FC75BA0273EB5ABFE2A3FC75BAUser:JCHeverly 03:20, 24 December 2013 (UTC)
 * It's only significant if you subscribe to the notion that Greg Dyke didn't earn his position as Director General on merit. – PeeJay 10:20, 24 December 2013 (UTC)

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Luis Alberto Riart

Luis Alberto Riart Vera (21 June 1880 – 1 October 1953) was a Paraguayan politician and President of Paraguay from 17 March 1924 until 15 August 1924.

Political Life
Between 1906 and 1916 he was President of the Instituto Paraguayo (Paraguayan Institute), Paraguay's foremost intellectual institution at the time. In 1913 he participated in the foundation of the Patriotic Union, of which he was in charge along with Emilio Aceval. He was in charge also of the Instituto de Alta Cultura Paraguayo-Argentino (Institute of Paraguayan-Argentine Culture).

He was Minister of Finance of Paraguay between 1916 and 1917.

In 1913 he was member of the Comisión de Códigos (Code Commission); in 1916 he was Minister of the Interior during the government of Manuel Franco.

Because he had some disagreements with José Pedro Montero, he left public service on August 25, 1919. On April 12, 1923 he was appointed Minister of Finance of Paraguay in the provisional cabinet of Eligio Ayala. In 1924 he was substitute in the War and Navy Department.

When Eligio Ayala renounced the presidency on March 17, 1924, Riart took charge of the government until August 15, and afterwards presented himself as candidate in the next elections.

His ministers were: Belisario Rivarola, in the Department of the Interior, Rogelio Ibarra in Foreign Relations, Lisandro Díaz de León in the Justice and Culture Department, Eliseo Da Rosa in the Treasury Department and Colonel Manlio Schenoni Lugo in War and Navy.

In education, he filled the empty seats in educational institutions with the help of Clementina Irrazábal and the Lieutenant Juan Manuel Garay.

In May 1924 the government recognized many teachers from the Escuela Normal of Barrero Grande and the distinguished teacher Pedro Aguilera was promoted to professor. The careers of Public Translator and Consular were incorporated to the study program of the Escuela de Comercio (Business School).

In 1931 he was Minister of Finance of Paraguay. In 1931 he occupied that position briefly during the government of González Navero, until 1932. José Patricio Guggiari appointed him as Economy Director.

Between 1935 and 1936 he was State Secretary during the government of Eusebio Ayala.

Being Chancellor, in 1935 he signed the agreement of Peace called Riart-Elio, that finished the border problem with Bolivia. On 21 July 1938 he signed the Agreement of Peace, Friendship and Limits with Bolivia. In 1939 he became Vice President of Paraguay in the cabinet of Marshal José Félix Estigarribia. Riart retired after the overthrow of the government on 18 February 1940.

Beginnings
In politics, Riart started more for duty than for personal satisfaction.

On August 8, 1904 he joined those who sought refuge in Argentina after revealing in the capital the beginnings of a movement that would end in armed confrontations. He participated of the union pact among the civics and radicals, being part first of the central commission of this group.

In 1928 he presented his candidature in the convention of his party, but lost by few votes.

title: Luis Alberto Riart