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Tat Ming Pair

Tat Ming Pair is an experimental Cantopop duo formed in Hong Kong in 1985 by composer Tats Lau (劉以達) and vocalist Anthony Wong Yiu-ming (黃耀明). Their blend of Cantopop, synthpop, new wave and electronic dance music with lyrics that reflected contemporary social, political, and literary themes, made them one of the first alternative and most influential bands of the 1980s Hong Kong music scene. The band enjoyed critical and commercial success until a hiatus in 1990. After their breakup, Wong proceeded as a solo artist while Lau went into acting although the duo have reunited several times over the years.

On 3 January 2019, the duo received the Golden Needle Award for their outstanding musical contributions at the RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards. Since the 2019 Hong Kong protests, the duo's songs have been blocked from music streaming sites in mainland China due to the political nature of their songs.

Formation: 1985
Tats Lau and Anthony Wong Yiu-ming met in 1985 when Wong was working as a DJ for Commercial Radio Hong Kong. Wong answered a singer-wanted advert placed in a music magazine by instrumentalist Lau, who had created two previous bands known as DLLM and Oriental Electronic Orchestra. The two discovered that they had a mutual interest in electronic music and they began working on original material. Lau became the main music composer of their songs. Hong Kong radio personality Winnie Yu christened them as "Tat Ming Pair" and they were signed to PolyGram Records.

Initial years: 1986–1991
The band provided an alternative to the mainstream pop/rock bands of the time due to their melodious synth-based music and politically conscious lyrics combined with themes drawn from classic literature. Their music was influenced by British musicians including Pet Shop Boys and David Bowie. Due to the pitch-sensitive tonal nature of Cantonese, pairing Cantonese lyrics with the western-style musical scale can be a difficult process. Thus they began their ongoing collaboration with lyricists such as Calvin Poon Yuen-Leung (潘源良), Yiu-Fai Chow (周耀輝) and Keith Chan Siu-Kei. The majority of their album art was directed by famed designer William Chang.

They released their first mini-album Tat Ming Pair (達明一派) in March 1986, followed by their debut full-length LP Tat Ming Pair II (達明一派II) in September of the same year. The cover of their debut EP contained an image prominently displaying Wong's long hair, a hairstyle which was considered subversive for men at the time in Hong Kong. Selected songs from their first full-length album were included in the 1986 film Kiss Me Good-Bye (戀愛季節) starring Wong and Loletta Lee. The film's soundtrack also featured singer Samey Fong.

Their second full-length album The Story of the Stone (石頭記) was released in 1987 and contained some of their biggest hit songs such as the title track, "Angels of the Road (馬路天使)" and "Rear Window (後窗)". An instrumental version of the title track was included as the opening theme for the film Golden Swallow (金燕子) starring Wong and Cherie Chung. The film's soundtrack also included an alternate recording of their song "Searching For Love (情探)".

They continued to produce innovative records and their January 1988 release I'm Waiting For Your Return (我等着你回來) was considered Hong Kong's first concept album. The album theme dealt with the ongoing emigration of Hong Kong residents due to an uncertain political status after the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration. The album won the award for Best Record Design at the 1988 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards in which the band also won the award for Best Performance.

In June 1988, they released Do You Still Love Me? (你還愛我嗎). The album contains one of their most famous songs "A Murder Unannounced in Advance (沒有張揚的命案)". The album is also noted for containing the song "Forbidden Colors (禁色)" which was one of the first songs in the Hong Kong music industry to deal with homosexuality and has since become an LGBT anthem. The title of the song was inspired by Yukio Mishima's novel and the song has been covered by other artists including Denise Ho and Eason Chan and was featured in the 1992 Evans Chan film To Liv(e).

They released Fallen Angel (意難平) in 1989, the original Chinese title being taken from a line in Dream of the Red Chamber. The album was partially influenced by Spanish guitar melodies. The album lyrically contained varying themes such as "Love in the Time of Cholera (愛在瘟疫蔓延時)" which was a dedication to victims of AIDS. The album is also lauded for containing the song "Forget He Or She (忘記他是她)" the first song on the Hong Kong music scene to examine gender fluidity.

On May 27, 1989, the band participated in the Concert for Democracy in China which was a benefit concert held at Happy Valley Racecourse in support of the students involved in the Tiananmen Square protests. The event lasted for 12 hours and raised over 1.5 million USD for the students in Beijing.

Their final release before their initial hiatus was 1990's acclaimed Nerves (神經), another concept album which contained many songs relating to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and unease towards the upcoming 1997 handover of Hong Kong such as "The Ten Young Firemen (十個救火的少年)" and "Don't Ask The Sky (天問)".

In 1991, the duo split amicably over a difference in musical opinion and a desire to pursue other work.

Solo careers: 1991–1996
After their separation, Lau formed several musical projects including Tats Lau and Dream (劉以達與夢) and wrote songs for other singers. Lau also composed music for film soundtracks and pursued his own acting career.

Wong began to collaborate with other songwriters and lyricists, such as Jason Choi (蔡德才) and Lin Xi. During this period, Wong released several successful albums which reached critical and commercial success. His solo career culminated in him winning the award for Best Original Song at the 1995 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards and the Metro Showbiz Hit Awards (新城勁爆頒獎禮) for his song "Before Sunrise (春光乍洩)". The video for "Before Sunrise (春光乍洩)" was directed by Susie Au and cinematography was done by Christopher Doyle.

Reunion: 1996–present
The band reunited in 1996 to celebrate their 10-year anniversary and released a new single "A Forbidden Fruit Once Per Day (每日一禁果)" which won the top prize at the Ultimate Song Chart Awards (叱咤樂壇流行榜). They released their album Viva! Viva! Viva! (萬歲！萬歲！萬萬歲) in October 1996, staging a large-scale concert filmed at Queen Elizabeth Stadium the same month. They also released a live album entitled ''Viva! Viva! Viva!: The Concert'' (萬歲！萬歲！萬萬歲！！演唱會) in 1997.

The duo once again parted ways to focus on solo work, not reuniting again until 2004 for the release of the single "Blessed are the Lonely Ones (寂寞的人有福了)". In July 2005, they released the album The Party for their 20th anniversary. They once again staged more large-scale concerts filmed at the Hong Kong Coliseum, Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre and the Shanghai Indoor Stadium. The duo also released the live album At the Service Of The People (為人民服務演唱會).

They once again reunited in 2012 to release a single "It's My Party" to celebrate their 25th anniversary. They also held a four-night residency concert in April 2012 at the Hong Kong Coliseum entitled 兜兜轉轉演演唱唱會 which resulted in another live album and DVD. The duo celebrated their 30th anniversary in 2017 with a series of concerts once again at the Hong Kong Coliseum and they also released the maxi single "1+4=14". They released the live album 達明卅一派對 in November 2017.

On January 3, 2019, the duo received the Golden Needle Award due to their success and artistic influence on the Hong Kong music scene. In April 2019, all of the band's music was removed from Apple Music and other music streaming sites in mainland China as a result of censorship by the Chinese government due to the political and democratic nature of their songs.

In May 2019, they released the song "Memory Is A Crime (回憶有罪)" in honor of the 30th anniversary of the victims of the Tiananmen Square Massacre. It was composed by Lau with lyrics by Lin Xi. The song topped the iTunes chart in Hong Kong but was immediately banned in mainland China where discussion involving the protests and the violent military response is forbidden. On June 4, 2019, Wong performed the song live during the annual Tiananmen Square vigil in Victoria Park.

In November 2020, the band held a series of concerts at Queen Elizabeth Stadium entitled REPLAY, which celebrated their two albums Fallen Angel (意難平) and Nerves (神經). In December 2020, the band released the single "All Over The World (今天世上所有地方)".

In November 2021, the band released the single "My Boyfriend (我的男朋友)".

In January 2022, local media reported that ten Canto-pop singers and groups had been put on a blacklist of government-funded broadcaster RTHK, with radio DJs having been ordered not to play their songs. Tat Ming Pair and Wong were reportedly on the list. In response to a letter by lawmaker Tik Chi-yuen requesting clarification, RTHK wrote: "RTHK has been supporting the development of Chinese pop music. Program hosts choose songs based on professionalism and suitability to the programs."

Studio albums

 * Tat Ming Pair II 達明一派II (1986)
 * The Story of The Stone 石頭記 (1987)
 * I'm Waiting For Your Return 我等着你回來 (1988)
 * Do You Still Love Me? 你還愛我嗎 (1988)
 * Fallen Angel 意難平 (1989)
 * Nerves 神經 (1990)
 * Viva! Viva! Viva! 萬歲！萬歲！萬萬歲！(1996)
 * The Party (2005)

EPs and Singles

 * Tat Ming Pair 達明一派 (1986)
 * Tat Ming Pair Remix 達明一派Remix (1986)
 * Tender Is The Night 夜未央 (1988)
 * A Forbidden Fruit Once Per Day 每日一禁果 (1996)
 * Blessed Are The Lonely Ones 寂寞的人有福了 (2004)
 * It's My Party (2012)
 * 1+4=14 (2017)
 * Memory Is A Crime 回憶有罪 (2019)

Live albums

 * Viva! Viva! Viva!: The Concert 萬歲！萬歲！萬萬歲！！演唱會 (1997)
 * At the Service Of The People 為人民服務演唱會 (2005)
 * Tat Ming Concert Live 2012 兜兜轉轉演演唱唱會 (2012)
 * Tat Ming Pair 30th Anniversary Live Concert 達明卅一派對 (2017)

Compilations

 * 86/87 Memory Collection 86/87紀念集 (1987)
 * We Grew Up Like That 我們就是這樣長大的 (1988)
 * Unusual Memory 不一樣的記憶 (1990)
 * The Best Of Tat Ming 回想 (1991)
 * Keep Searching 繼續追尋 (1994)
 * Service People Collection 為人民服務作品全集 (1996)
 * Two Men Best Collection 二人前精選 (1998)
 * Special Relation 37 Best Collection 特殊關係37首 (1999)
 * Tat Ming Reunion 達明Reunion (2004)

Collaborations

 * Metro Radio Tat Ming Pair x Nicholas Tse Concert Live 同場異夢音樂會 (2005) (with Nicholas Tse)

title: Tat Ming Pair


text: User talk:24.205.64.238

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:24.205.64.238


text:
Resist (semiconductor fabrication)

In semiconductor fabrication, a resist is a thin layer used to transfer a circuit pattern to the semiconductor substrate which it is deposited upon. A resist can be patterned via lithography to form a (sub)micrometer-scale, temporary mask that protects selected areas of the underlying substrate during subsequent processing steps. The material used to prepare said thin layer is typically a viscous solution. Resists are generally proprietary mixtures of a polymer or its precursor and other small molecules (e.g. photoacid generators) that have been specially formulated for a given lithography technology. Resists used during photolithography are called photoresists.

Background
Semiconductor devices (as of 2005) are built by depositing and patterning many thin layers. The patterning steps, or lithography, define the function of the device and the density of its components.

For example, in the interconnect layers of a modern microprocessor, a conductive material (copper or aluminum) is inlaid in an electrically insulating matrix (typically fluorinated silicon dioxide or another low-k dielectric). The metal patterns define multiple electrical circuits that are used to connect the microchip's transistors to one another and ultimately to external devices via the chip's pins.

The most common patterning method used by the semiconductor device industry is photolithography -- patterning using light. In this process, the substrate of interest is coated with photosensitive resist and irradiated with short-wavelength light projected through a photomask, which is a specially prepared stencil formed of opaque and transparent regions - usually a quartz substrate with a patterned chromium layer. The shadow of opaque regions in the photomask forms a submicrometer-scale pattern of dark and illuminated regions in the resist layer -- the areal image. Chemical and physical changes occur in the exposed areas of the resist layer. For example, chemical bonds may be formed or destroyed, inducing a change in solubility. This latent image is then developed for example by rinsing with an appropriate solvent. Selected regions of the resist remain, which after a post-exposure bake step form a stable polymeric pattern on the substrate. This pattern can be used as a stencil in the next process step. For example, areas of the underlying substrate that are not protected by the resist pattern may be etched or doped. Material may be selectively deposited on the substrate. After processing, the remaining resist may be stripped. Sometimes (esp. during Microelectromechanical systems fabrication), the patterned resist layer may be incorporated in the final product. Many photolithography and processing cycles may be performed to create complex devices.

Resists may also be formulated to be sensitive to charged particles, such as the electron beams produced in scanning electron microscopes. This is the basis of electron-beam direct-write lithography.

A resist is not always necessary. Several materials may be deposited or patterned directly using techniques like soft lithography, Dip-Pen Nanolithography, evaporation through a shadow mask or stencil.

Typical process

 * 1) Resist Deposition: The precursor solution is spin-coated on a clean (semiconductor) substrate, such as a silicon wafer, to form a very thin, uniform layer.
 * 2) Soft Bake: The layer is baked at a low temperature to evaporate residual solvent.
 * 3) Exposure: A latent image is formed in the resist e.g. (a) via exposure to ultraviolet light through a photomask with opaque and transparent regions or (b) by direct writing using a laser beam or electron beam.
 * 4) Post-Exposure Bake
 * 5) Development: Areas of the resist that have (or have not) been exposed are removed by rinsing with an appropriate solvent.
 * 6) Processing through the resist pattern: wet or dry etching, lift-off, doping...
 * 7) Resist Stripping

title: Resist (semiconductor fabrication)


text:
Kimball Union Academy

Kimball Union Academy is a private boarding school located in New Hampshire. Founded in 1813, it is the 22nd oldest boarding school in the United States. It is located in the upper Connecticut River Valley village of Meriden, New Hampshire.

The academy's 1300 acre village campus is $2 1/2$ hours via major highways from Boston, Massachusetts, and Hartford, Connecticut. Nearby bus, train, and plane terminals link the area directly with Boston, New York City, and Manchester, New Hampshire. The academy is governed by a 17-member board of trustees.

Notable alumni

 * Abdul-Malik Abu (born 1995), basketball player in the Israeli Premier Basketball League
 * F. Lee Bailey, defense attorney
 * Frederick H. Billings, lawyer, financier and President of the Northern Pacific Railway
 * Francis B. Brewer, congressman
 * Augusta Cooper Bristol (1835–1910), poet, lecturer
 * John Graham Brooks (1846-1938), sociologist and author
 * Henry E. Burnham, U.S. senator
 * Frank Gay Clarke, congressman
 * William Cogswell, congressman, general
 * William N. Cohen, Justice of the New York Supreme Court
 * Frank Dunklee Currier, congressman
 * Irving W. Drew, U.S. senator
 * Kasim Edebali, NFL player
 * Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, Presbyterian minister, Reconstruction politician
 * Louis B. Goodall, congressman
 * Broughton Harris, Vermont newspaper editor and businessman who was one of the Runaway Officials of 1851 as Secretary of the Utah Territory
 * Jordan Harris, NHL player for the Montreal Canadiens
 * Doc Hazelton, major league baseball player and college coach
 * Chester Bradley Jordan, Governor of New Hampshire
 * Ernest Everett Just, African American biologist
 * Nathan Knight, NBA basketball player
 * Edward Chalmers Leavitt, artist
 * John C. Lord, Presbyterian minister and nativist
 * James D. Lynch, African American politician, minister
 * Charles W. Porter, Secretary of State of Vermont
 * Samuel L. Powers, congressman
 * Will Sheff, rock musician
 * Steven Sotloff, Israeli-American journalist
 * Taylor Soule, WNBA player
 * Dana Stone, Vietnam War photographer
 * Bainbridge Wadleigh, U.S. senator
 * Aldace F. Walker, railroad president
 * James M. Warner, Civil War general, industrialist
 * Augustus Washington, African American photographer
 * William Wells, Civil War general, Medal of Honor winner
 * Andrew Wheating, Olympian
 * Benjamin F. Whidden, first ambassador to Haiti

title: Kimball Union Academy


text:
Pertechnetate

The pertechnetate ion is an oxyanion with the chemical formula. It is often used as a convenient water-soluble source of isotopes of the radioactive element technetium (Tc). In particular it is used to carry the 99mTc isotope (half-life 6 hours) which is commonly used in nuclear medicine in several nuclear scanning procedures.

Pertechnetate is poorly hydrated as [TcO4(H2O)n]- and [TcO4(H2O)n-m]-[H3O]+m (n = 1–50, m = 1–4) clusters that have been demonstrated by simulation with DFT. First hydration shell of TcO4- is asymmetric and contains no more than 7 water molecules. Only three of the four oxygen atoms of TcO4- form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

A technetate(VII) salt is a compound containing this ion. Pertechnetate compounds are salts of technetic(VII) acid. Pertechnetate is analogous to permanganate but it has little oxidizing power. Pertechnetate has higher oxidation power than perrhenate.

Understanding pertechnetate is important in understanding technetium contamination in the environment and in nuclear waste management.

Chemistry
is the starting material for most of the chemistry of technetium. Pertechnetate salts are usually colorless. is produced by oxidizing technetium with nitric acid or with hydrogen peroxide. The pertechnetate anion is similar to the permanganate anion but is a weaker oxidizing agent. It is tetrahedral and diamagnetic. The standard electrode potential for / is only +0.738 V in acidic solution, as compared to +1.695 V for /. Because of its diminished oxidizing power, is stable in alkaline solution. is more similar to. Depending on the reducing agent, can be converted to derivatives containing Tc(VI), Tc(V), and Tc(IV). In the absence of strong complexing ligands, is reduced to a +4 oxidation state via the formation of  hydrate.

Some metals like actinides, barium, scandium, yttrium  or zirconium may form complex salts with pertechnetate thus  strongly effecting its liquid-liquid extraction behavior.

Preparation of 99mTcO4−
99Tc is conveniently available in high radionuclidic purity from molybdenum-99, which decays with 87% probability to 99Tc. The subsequent decay of 99Tc leads to either 99Tc or 99Ru. 99Mo can be produced in a nuclear reactor via irradiation of either molybdenum-98 or naturally occurring molybdenum with thermal neutrons, but this is not the method currently in use today. Currently, 99Mo is recovered as a product of the nuclear fission reaction of, separated from other fission products via a multistep process and loaded onto a column of alumina that forms the core of a 99Mo/99Tc radioisotope generator.

As the 99Mo continuously decays to 99Tc, the 99Tc can be removed periodically (usually daily) by flushing a saline solution (0.15 M NaCl in water) through the alumina column: the more highly charged is retained on the column, where it continues to undergo radioactive decay, while the medically useful radioisotope  is eluted in the saline. The eluate from the column must be sterile and pyrogen free, so that the Tc drug can be used directly, usually within 12 hours of elution. In a few cases, sublimation or solvent extraction may be used.

Examples

 * A complex that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier is generated by reduction of with tin(II) in the presence of the ligand hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) to form TcO-D,L-HMPAO.
 * A complex that for imaging the lungs, Tc-MAA, is generated by reduction of with  in the presence of human serum albumin.
 * , which is both water and air stable, is generated by reduction of with carbon monoxide. This compound is a precursor to complexes that can be used in cancer diagnosis and therapy involving DNA-DNA pretargeting.

Reactions

 * Radiolysis of in nitrate solutions proceeds through the reduction to  which induces complex disproportionation processes:

 * Pertechnetate can be reduced by H2S to give Tc2S7.
 * Pertechnetate is also reduced to Tc(IV/V) compounds in alkaline solutions in nuclear waste tanks without adding catalytic metals, reducing agents, or external radiation. Reactions of mono- and disaccharides with 99m yield Tc(IV) compounds that are water-soluble.

Pharmaceutical use
The half-life of 99Tc is long enough that labelling synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical and scintigraphic measurements can be performed without significant loss of radioactivity. The energy emitted from 99Tc is 140 keV, which allows for the study of deep body organs. Radiopharmaceuticals have no intended pharmacologic effect and are used in very low concentrations. Radiopharmaceuticals containing 99Tc are currently being applied in the determining morphology of organs, testing of organ function, and scintigraphic and emission tomographic imaging. The gamma radiation emitted by the radionuclide allows organs to be imaged in vivo tomographically. Currently, over 80% of radiopharmaceuticals used clinically are labelled with 99Tc. A majority of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 99Tc are synthesized by the reduction of the pertechnetate ion in the presence of ligands chosen to confer organ specificity of the drug. The resulting 99Tc compound is then injected into the body and a "gamma camera" is focused on sections or planes in order to image the spatial distribution of the 99Tc.

Specific imaging applications
99Tc is used primarily in the study of the thyroid gland - its morphology, vascularity, and function. and iodide, due to their comparable charge/radius ratio, are similarly incorporated into the thyroid gland. The pertechnetate ion is not incorporated into the thyroglobulin. It is also used in the study of blood perfusion, regional accumulation, and cerebral lesions in the brain, as it accumulates primarily in the choroid plexus.

Pertechnetate salts, such as sodium pertechnetate, cannot pass through the blood–brain barrier. In addition to the salivary and thyroid glands, localizes in the stomach. is renally eliminated for the first three days after being injected. After a scanning is performed, it is recommended that a patient drink large amounts of water in order to expedite elimination of the radionuclide. Other methods of administration include intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, as well as orally. The behavior of the ion is essentially the same, with small differences due to the difference in rate of absorption, regardless of the method of administration.

Synthesis of 99mTcO4− radiopharmaceuticals
is advantageous for the synthesis of a variety of radiopharmaceuticals because Tc can adopt a number of oxidation states. The oxidation state and coligands dictate the specificity of the radiopharmaceutical. The starting material, made available after elution from the generator column, as mentioned above, can be reduced in the presence of complexing ligands. Many different reducing agents can be used, but transition metal reductants are avoided because they compete with 99Tc for ligands. Oxalates, formates, hydroxylamine, and hydrazine are also avoided because they form complexes with the technetium. Electrochemical reduction is impractical.

Ideally, the synthesis of the desired radiopharmaceutical from, a reducing agent, and desired ligands should occur in one container after elution, and the reaction must be performed in a solvent that can be injected intravenously, such as a saline solution. Kits are available that contain the reducing agent, usually tin(II) and ligands. These kits are sterile, pyrogen-free, easily purchased, and can be stored for long periods of time. The reaction with takes place directly after elution from the generator column and shortly before its intended use. A high organ specificity is important because the injected activity should accumulate in the organ under investigation, as there should be a high activity ratio of the target organ to nontarget organs. If there is a high activity in organs adjacent to the one under investigation, the image of the target organ can be obscured. Also, high organ specificity allows for the reduction of the injected activity, and thus the exposure to radiation, in the patient. The radiopharmaceutical must be kinetically inert, in that it must not change chemically in vivo en route to the target organ.

As a 99mTc carrier
A technetium-99m generator provides the pertechnetate containing the short-lived isotope 99mTc for medical uses. This compound is generated directly from molybdate held on alumina within the generator (see this topic for detail).

In nuclear medicine
Pertechnetate has a wide variety of uses in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Since technetate(VII) can substitute for iodine in the Na/I symporter (NIS) channel in follicular cells of the thyroid gland, inhibiting uptake of iodine into the follicular cells, 99mTc-pertechnetate can be used as an alternative to 123I in imaging of the thyroid, although it specifically measures uptake and not organification. It has also been used historically to evaluate for testicular torsion, although ultrasound is more commonly used in current practice, as it does not deliver a radiation dose to the testes. It is also used in labeling of autologus red blood cells for MUGA scans to evaluate left ventricular cardiac function, localization of gastrointestinal bleeding prior to embolization or surgical management, and in damaged red blood cells to detect ectopic splenic tissue.

It is actively accumulated and secreted by the mucoid cells of the gastric mucosa, and therefore, technetate(VII) radiolabeled with technetium-99m is injected into the body when looking for ectopic gastric tissue as is found in a Meckel's diverticulum with Meckel's scans.

Non-radioactive uses
All technetium salts are mildly radioactive, but some of them have explored use of the element for its chemical properties. In these uses, its radioactivity is incidental, and generally the least radioactive (longest-lived) isotopes of Tc are used. In particular, 99Tc (half-life 211,000 years) is used in corrosion research, because it is the decay product of the easily obtained commercial 99mTc isotope. Solutions of technetate(VII) react with the surface of iron to form technetium dioxide, in this way it is able to act as an anodic corrosion inhibitor.

title: Pertechnetate


text: Talk:Aura analysis

title: Talk:Aura analysis


text:
User:Edgardo Donovan

Edgardo Donovan (a.k.a. Eddie Donovan) is an accomplished medical administrator, analyst, and technologist. He was born in Milan, attended elementary school in the United States, and attended high school in Italy. He returned to the United States to attend Boston University and subsequently Harvard University. Edgardo holds a Bachelors of Science Degree in Business Administration from Excelsior College (Albany, New York), and a Masters of Business Administration Degree from Touro College (New York, New York).

title: User:Edgardo Donovan


text: Category:Pertechnetates

title: Category:Pertechnetates


text:
Talk:Mystikal

Untitled
For an artist of this stature, I honestly think this article has much room for improvement. I would like to bring it up to the quality of the Ludacris or Eminem pages.Wbbigtymer 04:44, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. I did some minor grammar cleanup & added categories on the page, but it needs a lot of work. There are no real references either (though I know there are many available articles on the 'net about Mystikal's court case). It would be nice to have the graphics and layout that appear on Ludacris' page here.Sundevilesq 16:40, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Added album info w/graphics. Could use some help on the singles chart. Sundevilesq 18:35, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Sister's death?
Someone added in the Trivia section that Mystikal's sister had been killed, and that on every Mystikal album there is a track called "Murderer." The 2001 Tarantula album does NOT contain a track with that name. Verification/references are needed as to the sister's death, and to the "Murderer" track reference ("citation needed" added). Sundevilesq 00:51, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Found a 2001 bio on Mystikal where his sister's murder was documented (see References). Removed "citation needed" tag. Sundevilesq 15:21, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

The Mystikal murderer songs that talk about his sister are THE Unpredictable and Let's Get Ready. The one on Mind of Mystikal is not about his sister ( he talks about cops killing his brother, I don't think this is really his brother could be metaphor for his sister because he couldn't talk about the case at the time? Don't take this part to be true until further investigation) (there is a dedication song to her on Mind of mystikal at the end of the CD.

KillerSim187 16:43, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Dishonorable discharge?
An anonymous editor added a sentence about Mystikal's purported dishonorable discharge from the U.S. Army. I added Fact as I had never heard that allegation before, nor could I find any support in a web search. In addition, it appears from the editor's talk page, that the person has made questionable edits on other pages previously. If we don't get a cite in a reasonable amount of time, I say we revert (especially with the WP "biographies of living persons" warning). Sundevilesq 06:35, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed dishonorable discharge allegation as not sourced, and potentially libelous. Sundevilesq 19:54, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Christian rapper?
Someone anonymously added "Christian rapper" as a category. Did the man who brought us "Shake That Ass" & "Pussy Crook" undergo some kind of religious transformation that we all don't know about (yet)? I think we should eliminate the category if no citation or reference is posted within a reasonable time. Sundevilesq 19:48, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Revert of High school and military service section (Jan 07)
I reverted the section back, as the new material, posted by an anonymous wiki editor, added a lot of material found elsewhere in the article, and NONE of it was referenced/sourced (Mystikal as a cheerleader, etc.) New material is great, but it needs to be referenced properly (+ this page CONTINUALLY has vandalism issues to deal with). Sundevilesq 21:50, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

He was a cheerleader he says it on ghetto fablous track 4 keep it hype verse 2 "

When I got there I seen my teacher with about eight fine broads I said, "You lookin for me? I'm the one who be talkin loud" She said, "Damn, nigga we need you on our cheerleadin squad" HELL NO, never ever Trevor Either that or a report card filled with the F letter GO, TEAM, FIGHT, WIN Nah this shit ain't cool, FUCK THESE TEACHERS AND THIS SCHOOL Got a loud mouth but I don't know what to use it for 'til they told me that they was gon' put me in the TALENT SHOW"

plus ask anyone over 35 from New Orleans and they will tell you.
 * Is that a quote from the song? If you can verify it, add it in, but I still think you need a reference (even if it's a song lyric).Sundevilesq 21:59, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Song lyrics aren't enough for references. Lots of songs describe fictional scenarios. Cmccormick8 (talk) 14:23, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Jan 2007 Prison release?
I reverted the info re: Mystikal's purported prison release in Jan '07, as it was not supported by any reference other than "the Federal Bureau of Prisons." Mystikal is in STATE custody in Louisiana, he was found guilty on federal tax evasion charges, but those charges were allowed to run concurrent (at the same time) as the state time. Unless there's a reference for his release from the Louisiana State prison system (that should be documented and reported by various news agency - and easily referenced), he's still in. Correct me (with references) if I'm wrong. Sundevilesq 23:01, 25 January 2007 (UTC)
 * AllHipHop.com clarified Mystikal's release status - HE IS STILL IN STATE PRISON (JAN '07). His time on the federal misdemeanor tax convictions expired (one year sentence).  Check the link: . Sundevilesq 16:46, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yet again, an anonymous Wiki editor keeps mucking this article up. The original edit re: Mystikal's release on the federal charges, and how that impacts/doesn't impact his Louisiana State prison sentence/release is less confusing that the anonymous editor's most recent edit. I'm reverting (yet again).  C'mon man. Sundevilesq 19:41, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Chopped and Screwed.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:35, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Planned album
I'm guessing this (denied parole once more Feb. 2008) means the planned 2008 album has been canceled? when he gets out of prison he plans to make an album asap —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.10.88.69 (talk) 14:12, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Introduction
I never noticed just how much puffery was in the introduction paragraph. It walks a fine line with neutrality. Any takers on the re-write? I can give it a shot, but I have a moderate COI. ''Cheers! Stella'' BATPHONE GROOVES  16:42, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Army/Gulf War
where's it all gone? there's nothing in the article about his military career. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rayman60 00:33, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

It was removed a long time ago because whoever put it there didn't provide a source and some of the information was negative (demotion for drug use, court-martial, etc). I went on Google and saw a few articles that mentioned he was in the Army during the Gulf War but most of them were either questionable or linked their source to this very article prior to the information being removed. If he was in the Army I'm sure somebody could ask him but if his service was negative he may not want to mention it. On the other hand, anybody could do a Freedom of Information Act request with the military to see if he ever served and use that as a source to put the section back in. Amducker (talk) 18:09, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

Link containing his address
The issue is, despite him being a registered sex offender, the man deserves some level of privacy. Let the people on the street he lives on and future residents worry about him being on the sex offender registry. How would you feel knowing if someone murdered him at his house and said "I got his address from a source that was on his Wikipedia page and I murdered him". The chances of that happening are very slim, but I'd rather have it be zero, not slim and without that link, the chances are zero. If someone wants his address so bad, they can go through the trouble of doing a search of sex offender in every parish in Louisiana. To put it simple, its not needed.-- Rockchalk 717 05:22, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Birthplace?
Birthplace says New Orleans in the infobox but main body says his family moved there when he was young. – Illegitimate Barrister (talk • contribs), 13:33, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

Filmography
I Got Da Hook Up (as Stupid) - 1998

Hot Boyz (as Tyrell) - 2000

13 Dead Men (as Caj) - 2003

Lil Pump (voiced as Geoffrey) - 2005

Mac + Devin Goes to High School (as Slow Brun) - 2012 Rac2k4l (talk) 15:10, 16 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mystikal


text:
Technetium(VII) oxide

Technetium(VII) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Tc2O7. This yellow volatile solid is a rare example of a molecular binary metal oxide, the other examples being RuO4, OsO4, and the unstable Mn2O7. It adopts a centrosymmetric corner-shared bi-tetrahedral structure in which the terminal and bridging Tc−O bonds are 167pm and 184 pm respectively and the Tc−O−Tc angle is 180°.

Technetium(VII) oxide is prepared by the oxidation of technetium at 450–500 °C:
 * 4 Tc +  7 O2  →  2 Tc2O7

It is the anhydride of pertechnetic acid and the precursor to sodium pertechnetate:
 * Tc2O7 + 2 H2O → 2 HTcO4
 * Tc2O7 +  2 NaOH  →  2 NaTcO4  +  H2O

title: Technetium(VII) oxide


text: File:Xiuxiu-knifeplay.jpg

title: File:Xiuxiu-knifeplay.jpg


text: User talk:70.176.148.198

title: User talk:70.176.148.198


text:
User talk:Bleuey

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

Additional tips
Here's some extra tips to help you get around in the 'pedia!
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills the Sandbox is for you.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes (~). If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * You may want to add yourself to the new user log.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.
 * If you're still entirely confused, or would like to get a better grasp of your wikipedia skills, and you have an IRC client (or don't mind getting one), check out the Bootcamp. It's not what it sounds like, but it is fun and can help you with your editing skills.
 * If you're bored and want to find something to do, try the Random page button in the sidebar, or check out the Open Task message in the Community Portal.

Happy Wiki-ing.
— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 03:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bleuey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zero return

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 06:30, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Zero return
Non-notable band BirgitteSB 03:35, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not Notable. Unless someone has a discography and a list of past tours on these "obscure" musicians who "do stupid things". Hamster Sandwich 04:04, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete drini ☎ 04:09, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band. JamesBurns 09:03, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Brass monkey (colloquialism)

"Cold enough to freeze the balls off (or on) a brass monkey" is a colloquial expression used by some English speakers to describe extremely cold weather.

The reference to the testes (as the term balls is commonly understood to mean) of the brass monkey appears to be a 20th-century variant on the expression, prefigured by a range of references to other body parts, especially the nose and tail.

History
During the 19th and 20th centuries, small monkeys cast from the alloy brass were very common tourist souvenirs from China and Japan. They usually, but not always, came in a set of three representing the Three Wise Monkeys carved in wood above the Shrine of Tōshō-gū in Nikkō, Tochigi, Japan. These monkeys were often cast with all three in a single piece. In other sets they were made singly. Old brass monkeys of this type are collectors' items. Michael Quinion, advisor to The Oxford English Dictionary and author of the website World Wide Words, writes, "it's more than likely the term came from them".

Usage
Early references to "brass monkeys" in the 19th century have no references to balls at all, but instead variously say that it is cold enough to freeze the tail, nose, ears, and whiskers off a brass monkey; or hot enough to "scald the throat" or "singe the hair" of a brass monkey.

 * An early known recorded use of the phrase "brass monkey" appears in the humorous essay "On Enjoying Life" by Eldridge Gerry Paige (writing under the pseudonym Dow, Jr.), published in the New York Sunday Mercury and republished in the book Short Patent Sermons by Dow, Jr.: "When you love, [... ] your heart, hands, feet and flesh are as cold and senseless as the toes of a brass monkey in winter."
 * Another early published instance of the phrase appeared in 1847, in a portion of Herman Melville's autobiographical narrative Omoo:
 * "It was so excessively hot in this still, brooding valley, shut out from the Trades, and only open toward the leeward side of the island, that labor in the sun was out of the question. To use a hyperbolical phrase of Shorty's, 'It was 'ot enough to melt the nose h'off a brass monkey.'"

 * An early recorded mentioning of the freezing a "brass monkey" dates from 1857, appearing in C.A. Abbey, Before the Mast, p. 108: "It would freeze the tail off a brass monkey".
 * The story "Henry Gardner" (10 April 1858) has "its blowing hard enough to blow the nose off a brass monkey".
 * The poem "Lines on a heavy prospector and his recent doings in the North-West" (20 June 1865) has "It would freeze off a brass monkey's nose"
 * The article "Echoes from England" (23 May 1868) has "that same east wind ... would shave the whiskers off a brass monkey"
 * The Story of Waitstill Baxter, by Kate Douglas Wiggin (1913) has "The little feller, now, is smart's a whip, an' could talk the tail off a brass monkey".
 * The Ivory Trail, by Talbot Mundy (1919) has "He has the gall of a brass monkey".
 * Brass Monkey, a 1948 British comedy thriller film starring Carroll Levis, Carole Landis and Herbert Lom.

Cunard
The "brass monkey" is the nickname of the house flag of the Cunard Line, adopted in 1878, a lion rampant or on a field gules holding a globe. The reference is almost certainly irreverent humour, rather than a source of the expression, of which variants predate it.

Beverage
A "brass monkey" is one of any number of citrus-flavored alcoholic drinks. In 1986, the hip hop band the Beastie Boys released a single called "Brass Monkey" from their album Licensed to Ill, although the song's lyrics are focused on the cocktail of the same name.

Inventions
US Patent 4634021 (1987) describes: "A release mechanism is disclosed for releasing an object such as a ball from a body under the force of gravity. A bimetallic element obstructs or opens an opening in the body for retaining or releasing the object depending upon the temperature of the bimetallic element. The release mechanism may be incorporated into a novelty "brass monkey" for "emasculating" the monkey when the temperature decreases to a predetermined temperature at which the balls in the "brass monkey" are permitted to drop to a base which is designed to produce an audible sound when struck by the balls."

Supposed etymology
It is often stated that the phrase originated from the use of a brass tray, called a "monkey", to hold cannonballs on warships in the 16th to 18th centuries. Supposedly, in very cold temperatures the "monkey" would contract, causing the balls to fall off. However, nearly all historians and etymologists consider this story to be a myth. This story has been discredited by the U.S. Department of the Navy, etymologist Michael Quinion, and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).

They give five main reasons: The phrase is most likely just a humorous reference to emphasize how cold it is.
 * 1) The OED does not record the term "monkey" or "brass monkey" being used in this way.
 * 2) The purported method of storage of cannonballs ("round shot") is simply false. The shot was not stored on deck continuously on the off-chance that the ship might go into battle. Indeed, decks were kept as clear as possible.
 * 3) Furthermore, such a method of storage would result in shot rolling around on deck and causing a hazard in high seas. The shot was stored on the gun or spar decks, in shot racks—longitudinal wooden planks with holes bored into them, known as shot garlands in the Royal Navy, into which round shot was inserted for ready use by the gun crew.
 * 4) Shot was not left exposed to the elements where it could rust. Such rust could lead to the ball not flying true or jamming in the barrel and exploding the gun. Indeed, gunners would attempt to remove as many imperfections as possible from the surfaces of balls.
 * 5) The physics does not stand up to scrutiny. The contraction of both balls and plate over the range of temperatures involved would not be particularly large. The effect claimed possibly could be reproduced under laboratory conditions with objects engineered to a high precision for this purpose, but it is unlikely it would ever have occurred in real life aboard a warship.

title: Brass monkey (colloquialism)


text:
AGB

The initials AGB are used for:

 * Advocate-General of Bengal
 * Alexander Graham Bell, Scots Canadian American inventor
 * Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek, a library in Berlin, Germany
 * Amsterdam Gençler Birliği, a Dutch football team
 * Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges
 * Asymptotic giant branch, a category of stars
 * Attorney General of Bangladesh
 * Attorney-General of Barbados
 * Attorney-General of Belize
 * Attorney General of Bermuda
 * Attorney General of Bhutan
 * Attorney General of Brunei
 * Augsburg airport (IATA code AGB), Germany
 * Gbo language (ISO 639-3 code AGB), Nigeria
 * AGB, a product code prefix for the Game Boy Advance, its software and accessories
 * Authentic Brands Group, an American brand management company
 * A US Navy hull classification symbol: Icebreaker (AGB)

title: AGB


text:
Auguste, Baron Lambermont

François Auguste, Baron Lambermont (25 March 1819 in Dion-le-Val, Brabant – 7 March 1905), was a Belgian statesman. He came of a family of small farmer proprietors, who had held land during three centuries. He was intended for the priesthood and entered the seminary of Floreffe, but his energies claimed a more active sphere.

He left the monastery for the University of Louvain. Here he studied law, and also prepared himself for the military examinations. At that juncture the first Carlist War broke out, and Lambermont hastened to the scene of action to support catholicism and absolutism. His services were accepted (April 1838) and he was entrusted with the command of two small cannon. He also acted as aide-de-camp to Colonel Durando. He greatly distinguished himself, and for his intrepidity on one occasion he was decorated with the Cross of the highest military Royal Military Order of Saint Ferdinand.

Returning to Belgium he entered the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1842. He served in this department sixty-three years. He was closely associated with several of the most important questions in Belgian history during the last half of the 19th century, notably the freeing of the Scheldt. He was one of the first Belgians to see the importance of developing the trade of their country, and at his own request he was attached to the commercial branch of the foreign office. The tolls imposed by the Dutch on navigation on the Scheldt strangled Belgian trade, for Antwerp was the only port of the country. The Dutch had the right to make this levy under treaties going back to the Treaty of Münster in 1648, and they clung to it still more tenaciously after Belgium separated herself in 1830-1831 from the united kingdom of the Netherlands, the London Conference in 1839 fixing the toll payable to Holland at 1.5 florins (3s.) per ton.

From 1856 to 1863 Lambermont devoted most of his energies to the removal of this impediment. In 1856 he drew up a plan of action, and he prosecuted it with untiring perseverance until he saw it embodied in an international convention seven years later. Twenty-one powers and states attended a conference held on the question at Brussels in 1863, and on 15 July the treaty freeing the Scheldt was signed. For this achievement Lambermont was made a baron. Among other important conferences in which Lambermont took a leading part were those of Brussels (1874) on the usages of war, Berlin (1884–1885) on Africa and the Congo region, and Brussels (1890) of Central African affairs and the slave trade. He was joint reporter with Baron Alphonse Chodron de Courcel of the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, and on several occasions he was chosen as arbitrator by one or other of the great European powers. But his great achievement was the freeing of the Scheldt and in token of its gratitude the city of Antwerp erected a fine monument to his memory.

Honours

 * Grand Officer in the Order of Leopold.
 * Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Saint Stanislaus.
 * Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Franz Joseph.
 * Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Oak Crown.
 * Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Lion and the Sun.
 * Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Albert the Bear.
 * Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour.
 * Grand Officer in the Order of the Redeemer.
 * Commander in the Order of the Iron Crown
 * Knight, 1st class in the Order of Saint Fernando.

title: Auguste, Baron Lambermont


text:
Coif

A coif is a close fitting cap worn by both men and women that covers the top, back, and sides of the head.

History
Coifs date from the 10th century, but fell out of popularity with men in the 14th century. Coifs were worn by all classes in England and Scotland from the Middle Ages to the early 17th century (and later as an old-fashioned cap for countrywomen and young children).

Tudor (later Stewart in Scotland) and earlier coifs are usually made of unadorned white linen and tied under the chin. In the Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras, coifs were frequently decorated with blackwork embroidery and lace edging. Coifs were worn under gable hoods and hats of all sorts, and alone as indoor headcoverings.

Coifs were also worn by a now-defunct senior grade of English lawyer, the Serjeant-at-Law even after they became judges. A United States law school honor society is called the Order of the Coif.

The traditional religious habit of Catholic nuns and Religious Sisters includes a coif as a headpiece, along with the white cotton cap secured by a bandeau, to which the veil is attached, along with a white wimple or guimpe of starched linen or cotton to cover the cheeks, neck and chest.

A mail coif was a type of armour, made of mail, which covered the head (face excluded), neck and shoulders.

title: Coif


text: File:Talking Heads - Speaking in Tongues.jpg


text:
Talk:Weekly World News

Untitled
Can anyone confirm that WWN is a contender for the Pulitzer? I was gonna erase that but decided to ask first. -redundancy

Whnoever updated the page cannot write in the English language. All the updated material consists of mangled and often incomprehensible gibberish.128.83.131.92 17:09, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Whoever creatred this page did a good job. I updated it a bit, going into further detail as to the reoccuring stories featured in the pages of WWN. I'll update it as need be.

Hm, would it make sense if we merged the "Description" section and the "Features" section together? The features are a description after all... —DaemonDivinus 16:03, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps we should not eliminated the description entirely, but simply condense it down to a paragraph or two. —spman

Why not remove the stick from your bum Mr. Superm401 and at least have the chutzpah to post a message on the talk page. While yes, the article does need to be re-edited as has been discussed, we are not by any means listing "every damn story ever published" by WWN, we are simply acknowledging some of the frequent subjects which appear in the pages of WWN with a few specific examples of each. This is important in order for those not familliar with the publication to get a grasp on what specifically it is. I don't see why some people get so up in arms over WWN, it's a joke, it's satire, no different (and far better IMHO) then The Onion. - spman

Website?!
On July 21st, 2007 it was announced by its parent company American Media that it would suspend publication of both the print and website version of Weekly World News.[1]

According to a report on MSNBC, World News will continue on the internet. Forget it, according to most newspaper and online reports, the website will be taken offline. It's a error on MSNBC's part.

Possible future covers!???
How are the three photos captioned "The first/second/third of three possible future cover [sic] of the Weekly World News" encyclopedic? WWN might spout unmitigated crap, but that doesn't mean we have to when talking about them. If they're covers that have appeared, we should say so, but if they're "possible future" covers, than this is like listing all 250 million US citizens and describing each of them as a "possible future" US president. How absurd is that! Anyway, "cover" should be "covers". JackofOz 01:43, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

 * If these have not appeared, what is their copyright status? --Wetman 13:35, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Relation to Nat'l Enquirer
I remember hearing that the reason the WWN uses a B&W press is that it was the old press used by the National Enquirer. The WWN lauched in 1979, so that may be the case. Since I'm not certain, I'm not adding it to the article. Bobak 00:05, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This is true, but since I'm a primary source, I can't really add it - I don't know of any secondary sources that describe this. The reason why the WWN came into being was because Generoso Pope was moving the Enquirer to a color press, but still had a contract with the B&W printers, so rather than let that facility go to waste, decided to put *something* out with it. That *something* wound up selling well enough to support itself, and the WWN was born. If you look in the archives in Google Books, you can see that the first year or so they have of WWN, it was still basically running Nat'l Enquirer leftovers... not-quite-salacious celebrity scandals, occasional interesting medical stories. It only started getting strange a year or two after that. -grant (talk) 22:50, 27 December 2011 (UTC)

Accuracy
The Elvis section seems to be portrayed as being accurate, as well as some other sections. All things considered, that should probably be rectified. 141.149.206.197 19:08, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

The link to the "dragon in a bottle" story says that it was a hoax. It should not be classified under "strange but true." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.124.12.188 (talk) 00:23, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

I'm not even bothering with it, but...
Someone vandalized one point in mentioning "Miss Adventure" and replaced it with "Miss America." --71.109.37.168 19:48, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I fixed it. And if someone is going to vandalize, they could a least check their vandalism for spelling! I also made some minor related corrections, the article could use a lot of editing.65.6.15.68 14:31, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Page 5 Girl
It would be tempting to add that unlike The Sun's Page Three girl, WWN's Page 5 girl is usually...well...you know...kind of a skank, doubtless a deliberate parody of Page Three. 65.6.15.68 14:17, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Just Wondering
Does anybody believe this crap? 00:27, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Um...no. But it's still fun.  Seems the paper has become a parody of itself since the recent changes, though. 65.6.4.7 22:23, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

:(
http://sfscope.com/2007/07/weekly-world-news-shutting-dow.html

The article doesn't mention how the paper got stories in the 80s. They trolled the foreign press for horrible translations, or really gullible reporters and rebuilt the outlandish "facts" into their news. SchmuckyTheCat

Overhaul
Although it was I who is largely responsible for this page being expanded into the matter it currently is now, in the wake of the announcement that the publication is coming to an end, I think now is as good a time as any for this article to be completely overhauled and cleaned up. It is rather jumbled and uninformative in its current state, but could make a very good article if someone with more knowledge and skill then I have wished to undertake it.Spman 16:57, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. I do have a rather large collection (perhaps the largest collection [I am currently seeking a position in Guinness) of the Weekly World News. Here's a question, what if we developed a wikiproject for WWN? It certainly would make our goals more defined - having such an outline will be rather helpful. --76.226.23.155 (talk) 13:00, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Shutting down
"Suspended"? Does that mean that this is only temporary? Scorpionman 20:56, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

-My gut feeling is they'll eventually just sell the copyright and some other company will start it up again at some point. Spman 07:04, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Aren't they continuing the online edition?
I noticed that the Reuters news service has been stating that the WWN would continue its online edition, despite what the source one of you cited was saying. 68.36.214.143 23:16, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * In point, someone had added a cite that referred to that Reuters article, but it was muddled, with people leaving in information that may or may not have superceded it (I can't find either supposed statement, just coverage of it). I've straightened things out, and added a 'current event' tag, in the hopes people will pay attention to the whole of the article when adding new information that may override or contradict other info. Also remember, Wikipedia is the encyclopedia *you* can edit. If you see something, especially in a current story that hasn't been changed, please change it! you can't break it, and we're happy to see new people make an edit or two! --Thespian 04:27, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Plagiarism?
Although it is cited, portions of the text, especially the background of Eddie Clontz, are lifted directly and without proper attribution from the linked WaPo article. Wonder what else is copied without attribution. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Died
The LAST issue of Weekly World news is out, should we edit the article saying that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)
 * I think that would be a good idea. by the way, do any of you know why they're not making anymore? I really want to know. Im a bell(Don't ask) 00:01, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Reality has become almost as weird as the stuff they printed? Seriously, it's just economics; it wasn't popular enough any more. I, for one, will miss it.

 * Atlant 17:38, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You know what's ironic? I JUST ordered a subscription right before the last issue. Im a bell(Don't ask) 00:58, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Batchild.jpg
Image:Batchild.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:05, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

First sentences issue
Could you include somewhere in the first sentences that this Magazine is about jokes or comedy? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 35.11.38.122 (talk) 04:23, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

The authors of this article are apparently too stupid to realize that they're writing about a SATIRICAL publication.--Josh —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.179.172.226 (talk) 02:01, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Sorry if this is just me being stupid...
...but is this magazine serious? Do people believe it, or is it deliberately nonsense? The article doesn't really say; it should be made clear from the start. J Milburn (talk) 19:31, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

I agree. Is this magazine fake or real? 86.52.117.200 (talk) 21:27, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

 * According to the Washington Post article listed at the bottom, some of it was just "weird news", some of it was actual news but embellished, and some of it was just made up. As time went on, it became increasingly fictional.  That's consistent with my recollection of it.  Too bad it's gone; it was pretty darn funny.  I used to have the "Hillary Clinton Adopts Alien Baby" issue; I wish I could find another copy.  Afalbrig (talk) 07:18, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Just for the record: "Do people believe it, or is it deliberately nonsense?" is EXACTLY the question the editors wanted readers to ask. WWN existed in that liminal space between fact and fiction. Had at least a bit of both. After 2000, when AMI consolidated all America's tabloids into one company, WWN was given legal review by the same team that oversaw Enquirer stories... and that ensured Sun was a "risk-free" publication after the 1992 defamation & libel lawsuit. grant 15:28, 6 June 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Grantb (talk • contribs)

"in-universe" tag
I really don't see an in-universe style in here. Even the example given in the edit summary that replaced the tag is not in-universe. What's up? Hairhorn (talk) 22:09, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

Serious Articles
Though rare, WWN did on occasion carry serious articles; Some were related to lifestyle (such as staffwriter generated articles on marriage) others actual news; One such was on Necrotizing fasciitis. These (very) rare jems should be acknowledged in some fashion. (A simple version might be to copy the relevant portions of this section and paste them to the page itself).Wikipedia- Best Source Of Information Since The Weekly World News. (talk) 22:46, 29 June 2011 (UTC)Andering J REDDSON

 * Serious, or at least real, stories weren't rare. The article says that "on occasion" Weekly World News published strange-but-true stories, but those were exceptions. I disagree. I always enjoyed reading the paper and trying to figure out which of the stories and articles in it were entirely made up by WWN staffers, and which were factual (though strange). I'd say at least a quarter to a third of the stories in each paper were factual, or at least printed from real newspapers elsewhere. - Embram (talk) 22:50, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Satire or not?
WWN is a satire website or just a farcical website that takes itself seriously? If it's satire, should it be mentioned in the article? 122.175.8.235 (talk) 06:53, 3 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Both. Neither. -grant (talk) 19:38, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Weekly World News


text: File:The pillows - 90's My LIFE returns.jpg


text:
User:Dragglebaggle

Contributions:

 * 1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias - Translation of History, important discoveries, sky, and law of the sky. 03:39, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Dragglebaggle


text:
St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main

St Paul's Church (Paulskirche) is a former Protestant church in Frankfurt, Germany, used as a national assembly hall. Its important political symbolism dates back to 1848 when the Frankfurt Parliament convened there, the first publicly and freely-elected German legislative body.

History
The Free City of Frankfurt, then governing its legally non-separated Lutheran state church, commissioned to construct the oval-shaped central church building in 1789. The new church building was to replace the former Church of the Discalced (Barfüßerkirche), which had been torn down in 1786 due to dilapidation. Constructions halted during the Napoleonic wars. The new building was completed between 1829 and 1833 by, whereupon the organ loft was disconnected in 1833. Between 1786 and 1833 Lutheran services were held at the Old St Nicholas Church in the Römerberg square to the south, also owned by the free city and then actually used as garrison church for its troops.

In 1830, the free city issued the "deeds of dotation" (Dotationsurkunde) fixing its long-lasting practice of owning and maintaining the church buildings in its old city centre (so-called dotation churches; Dotationskirchen), but leaving their usage to congregations of the Lutheran state church or parishes of the Catholic church, newly emancipated during the Napoleonic era. The deed of dotation statutorily established the eternal gratuitous usufruct of nine city-owned church buildings by six Lutheran congregations and three Catholic parishes. Other religious groups, such as Jews and Reformed Protestants were not part of that government funding.

Because of its typical Protestant centralised design (Predigtkirche), allowing everybody easily to hear the reverend or speaker, it was desired as the meeting place for the Frankfurt Parliament in the course of the German revolutions of 1848.

From 31 March until 3 April 1848, the building was the meeting place for the Vorparlament, which prepared the election for the National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, the National Assembly met for the first time in the church, and was therefore named the Paulskirchenparlament. Until 1849, the National Assembly worked in the church to develop the first constitution for a united Germany. The resistance of Prussia, the Austrian Empire and a number of smaller German states ultimately destroyed the effort.

In May 1849, there were a number of uprisings to force the implementation of the constitution, but these were destroyed with the help of Prussia. On 30 May 1849, the Paulskirchenparlament was dissolved. After 1852, St. Paul's was again used for Lutheran services.

In March 1944, during World War II, the church was destroyed along with much of the Frankfurt wider city centre in the Allied Bombing of Frankfurt. As a tribute to its symbolism of freedom and as the cradle of Germany, it was the first structure in Frankfurt the city rebuilt after the war. However, the city itself wanted to make use of the to-be-reconstructed building, thus St. Paul's Lutheran congregation and the city concluded to exchange the congregation's usufruct to this building for that of old St. Nicholas Church, only damaged by bombing.

St. Paul's was reopened on the centennial of the Frankfurt Parliament. Due to financial restraints and an altered concept of use, the original inner form was dramatically altered by the architectural team of Rudolf Schwarz. An inserted floor now divides the basement—which currently serves as a display room—from the actual hall in the main floor.

In 1963, US President John F. Kennedy gave a major speech in the Paulskirche during his visit to the country.

For the 150th birthday of the German democratic experience in 1998, St Paul's once again attracted public interest.

Today St. Paul's is no longer used as a church, instead it became a venue used for various displays and events. The most well-known is the annual awarding of the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade during the Frankfurt Book Fair.

title: St. Paul's Church, Frankfurt am Main


text:
Kingsauce

Kingsauce is a "novelty-pop" project headed by Richie Chodes. They are considered to be an extension of The Elephant 6 Recording Company. Combining elements of mid-1960s pop, 1970s AM radio, and a touch of vaudeville, Kingsauce creates tunes with silly, tongue-in-cheek lyrics. Their last full-length CD Cancelled was released in August 2007. Chodes was also a member of Vince Mole and his Calcium Orchestra, headed by former Apples in Stereo guitarist Chris Parfitt.

Discography
Link To Music: https://open.spotify.com/artist/1XLruOgRI20kcOHYH5Iy1b?si=8h_ZASp0SR-08epbrWXz-A
 * Ode to Lobo - December 1999 -7" EP on Happy Happy Birthday To Me Records
 * Split single on Obtuse Records - May 2000
 * Please don't change the channel - August 2002 - full-length CD release on HHBTM Records
 * "Cancelled" August 2007 -Full-length CD on Little Pocket Records.
 * Pacific Nature Recording Presents... 1 (Split CD with Iamb and Flatsound)
 * "Chanukah Blues" December 2008 -EP on Little Pocket Records.

title: Kingsauce


text:
DB Breweries

DB Breweries is a New Zealand-based brewing company, owned by Heineken Asia Pacific. Founded in 1930 by Sir Henry Kelliher and W Joseph Coutts, the partners purchased Levers and Co. and the Waitemata Brewery Co. in Ōtāhuhu. Asia Pacific Breweries acquired DB Breweries in 2004, which in turn was bought-out by Heineken International in 2012. The company mainly produces pale lager, whilst its Tui brand is one of the better-known beers in New Zealand, partly due to strong advertising.

History
The company was founded in 1930 by Sir Henry Kelliher with the purchase of Levers and Co. and the Waitemata Brewery Co. in Ōtāhuhu, owned by W.J. Coutts, who became a director.

Coutts' son, Morton Coutts, took over as director in 1946, and later developed a new production process called "continuous fermentation", which enabled beer to be made continuously, without the need to stop and clean between batches. The system proved popular enough to be sold to other brewing companies.

Breweries

DB Breweries (original name was Dominion Brewery) owns and operates four breweries in New Zealand - Waitemata Brewery (Ōtāhuhu, Auckland), Tui Brewery (Mangatainoka), DB Draught Brewery (Timaru) and Monteith's Brewery (Greymouth). Mainland Brewery was renamed to DB Draught Brewery in 2012 in honour of the brand’s significance in the South Island.

The Tui Brewery was established in 1889 by Henry Wagstaff and Edward Russell. The main brand is Tui, a 4% abv pale lager, named after a common native New Zealand bird. The New Zealand Consumers' Institute criticised Tui for claiming to be an "East India Pale Ale" because it is a pale lager that bears little resemblance to the traditionally hoppy, bitter or malty India Pale Ale styles.

Yeah right
Tui was promoted through a humorous advertising campaign which used stereotypes, heavy irony and the phrase Yeah Right. The billboard campaign lasted from 1997 until 2016. These advertisements caused some controversy, such as a billboard in Wellington stating 'Camilla for Queen? Yeah Right' and one stating 'Aucklanders are people too. Yeah Right'. Others to have made the news include "Dad's new husband seems nice - Yeah right" (after New Zealand legalised same-sex marriage); "I nvr txt whl drvn - yeah right"; "When Winston says no, he means no - Yeah right"; "Captain, I know a short cut to the port – Yeah right" (after MV Rena ran aground near Tauranga); "Our father in Heaven, Tamaki be your name – Yeah right"; "She clearly married Dotcom for his body – Yeah right".

In 2010 a church was threatened with legal action after parodying the Tui billboard campaign with the slogan, "Atheists have nothing to worry about - Yeah Right".

Radler Trademark
DB trademarked the word Radler in 2003. This was contested in court by the Society of Beer Advocates who lost the case in 2011 when the Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand ruled in favour of DB breweries after a two-year court battle. The Society of Beer Advocates likened this trademark to being able to trademark the word 'Muesli' for cereal and was disappointed in this result as the word radler is commonly used in Europe. This ruling was also labelled as 'out of touch with reality' and condemned by some intellectual property experts in New Zealand.

Beer

 * Amstel Light
 * Better Beer Company
 * Black Dog
 * DB Bitter
 * DB Draught
 * DB Export
 * DB Export Dry
 * Double Brown
 * Flame
 * Heineken
 * Kingfisher (beer)
 * Monteith's
 * Murphy's
 * Sol
 * Tiger
 * Tui
 * Tuatara

Other Brands

 * Orchard Thieves

Defunct brands

 * DB Lager
 * DB Natural
 * Joseph Kuhtze
 * Kiwi Lager
 * Mako, a low alcoholic beer (2.5% alcohol/volume)

Most of the brand products (Export 33, Export Dry, Export Gold and Monteith's Single Source) have won a Gold Quality Award at the 2011 annual World Quality Selections, organised by Monde Selection.

title: DB Breweries


text:
Talk:Race and intelligence (Public controversy)

not an experiment
this is not an experiment. rather, it is a collaborative writing effort between a group of relatively slow writers. more text is coming soon... --Rikurzhen 03:39, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

A change
I changed the portion representing Gottfredson; she is a sociologist and hardly compares to Sternberg’s views on the matter. Sternberg is an expert on IQ, and the portion in question does not clearly state this. In fact, it implied the opposite….

WP examples
I pulled the starting material for this article from the example of Global warming controversy. --Rikurzhen 03:49, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

a list of examples --Rikurzhen 21:58, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * science
 * Global warming and Global warming controversy
 * Evolution and Creation-evolution controversy
 * Psychiatry and Anti-psychiatry
 * Vaccine and Vaccine controversy
 * Autism and Controversies in autism
 * culture
 * Fahrenheit 9/11 and Fahrenheit 9/11 controversy
 * Scientology and Scientology controversy
 * history
 * Moon landing and Apollo moon landing hoax accusations
 * The Holocaust and Holocaust denial

Is EncBib a source?
And we use a tertiary source? The articles about Race in Encyclopeda Britannica would be a good source for what-we-could-call the anthropology POV. Here, just to give you a taster, is the first paragraph of one of the sections: The scientific debate over “race” Although their numbers are dwindling, some scientists continue to believe that it is possible to divide Homo sapiens into discrete populations called races. They believe that the physical differences manifest in wide geographic regions are more than superficial; they reflect innate intellectual, moral, emotional, and other behavioral differences among human groups. They deny that social circumstances and the cultural realities of racism have any affect on behaviour or the performance of children and adults on IQ tests. It goes on like that. A veritable goldmine of well-presented viewpoints held by anthropologists and a large section of academia. Unfortuntately, EncBib is poorly sourced, I would prefer to be able to point to the primary and secondary sources that the author (Audrey Smedley, author of Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview) uses for her overview. But maybe we could use something like that for the overview of public opinion and media portrayal? (We still need any source for what the unwashed masses think.)

What I'm not sure about is if a tertiary source like WP should write about another tertiary source like EB. I think not. Arbor 13:29, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Our own race article should have something to describe the anthropologists view(s). Slrubinstein and I were pretty thorough with that article. --Rikurzhen 13:33, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * btw, if we're looking for an example of a straw man applied to IQ researchers, that's a good one. --Rikurzhen 14:10, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Gould criticism
Here's what we have about Gould: has been accused of "scholarly malfeasance," (Rushton (1996)), tainting his research with a Marxist bias (Gasper (2002), and presenting misleading statistics.[3] We cannot refer to Gasper for "accusing Gould of marxist bias", which is what we are doing here, at least implicitly. If anything, Gasper extols Gould for his marxist bias, in any case we are misrepresenting his views. From the top of my head, Pinker has something in Blank Slate that we might use instead, but I need to check. Arbor 10:08, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll look for some: --Rikurzhen 17:01, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * A 1982 review of MMoM in Nature said it sounded like a "Radio Moscow" broadcast.
 * A book review of MMoM in American Journal of Psychology by Lloyd Humphreys pp. 407-415. (1982?) gives us "Marxism" and "Marxist" in a section called "Gould's biases". It is definitely not flattery: "Gould is not himself an objective scientist".

working space
Talk:Race and intelligence controversy/temp

divergence of text
i'm fixing text divergence and as I get the two versions put together I'm deleting the second version. see the last few comments at Talk:Race_and_intelligence for more details. --Rikurzhen 08:02, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

we still need to reconcile the "Accusations of systematic misrepresentations and the Pioneer Fund" text, which seems to have been rearranged a lot after the split. --Rikurzhen 08:05, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * I was the one who cleaned up that section (when it was at race and intelligence). The largest difference between the two versions is that the second (the older version) discusses the Pioneer Fund before discussing the broader issue, accusations of systematic representation.  I also cleaned up the presentation of the criticism of the fund.  For example, critics often present the distributed film as a nazi film, when it was more accurately a film promoting eugenics (popular at the time in most developed nations), produced by the early (pre-war) Nazi party.  I'm deleting the old version, as the revisions weren't contested when they were made.  (Please revert if there are still concerns) --Nectarflowed T 15:06, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this is fine. The first (and newer) version is clearly superior and has a much broader perspective. In this form, parts of the argument might warrant inclusion on the Race and intelligence page itself, which might be concordant with the wishes expressed by Ultramarine on the talk page of R&I. I would prefer it to appear in the 3-paragraph summary of this page, but Ultramarine seems to be strongly opposed to that for reasons I still fail to comprehend. I am confident we can work it out sooner or later. For now, thank you for getting this editing problem out of the world. Arbor 15:13, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Systematic misrepresentations
Now we can focus on the sources for that.
 * The footnote called "Rusthon" points to"Joseph L Graves, 'What a tangled web he weaves: Race, reproductive strategies and Rushton's life history theory,' Anthropological Theory 2, no. 2 (2002): 131–54; Leonard Lieberman, 'How 'Caucasoids' got such big crania and why they shrank. From Morton to Rushton.,' Current Anthropology 42, no. 1 (February 2001): 69–95; Zack Cernovsky, 'On the similarities of American blacks and whites: A reply to J.P. Rushton,' Journal of Black Studies 25 (1995): 672."
 * All all three necessary? Which one includes the porn and Penthouse references? Is this really a good summary of the scholarly malfeasance that Rushton is criticised for? I would prefer just a single references, instead of 3 that say the same.

 * Ditto for Gould. I would like a single reference that criticises Gould. Should be easy enough. The Gasper (2002) reference I already discounted (see above), and the "Goosed-up graphics" is also not so good, since it attacks an argument that doesn't really have anything to do with Gould's position qua race and intelligence research.
 * The "Pioneer Film" footnote has not reference at all and is just dangling in the air. Arbor 15:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Race and intelligence controversy?
The title is pov and factually incorrect. There are many other controversies in other articles, like in Race and intelligence (Culture-only or partially-genetic explanation) Ultramarine 16:07, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Until you deleted most of the content which discussed it, we talked about that controversy as well. An article title should be a singular noun. Certainly there is more than one controversial thing about the creation-evolution controversy. The concept of a controversy article is a well establish precedent. What exactly are you objecting to? --Rikurzhen 16:19, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * As noted, there are other controversies in other articles in this area. The title should be changed, maybe to Race and intelligence public controversy. Ultramarine 16:22, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I weakly support Ultramarine's suggestion. Race and intelligence (public controversy) or Public controversy over race and intelligence are fine by me. That would make it clear that the scientific controversy is something else. (Also, the section heading in Race and intelligence is Public controversy. . Arbor 16:36, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Rikurzhen 16:37, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * No. But as noted earlier, the systematic and very large scale funding of one view from a questionable source has implications larger than just public controversy. Ultramarine 16:51, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay... I really do need to go... then move that section from here to a sub-section of the background article and see if we can fix the referencing problems Arbor mentioned. Also, let's change the title on this article. There may be objections from Jokestress, who seems to think that the public controversy is the heart of this topic rather than the research results. --Rikurzhen 16:57, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Based on my limited knowledge of this topic, the attempt to do scientific research on correlations between "race" and "intelligence," especially based on psychometric and hereditarian hypotheses, IS the controversy. Further, that is not the only controversy. Even among those researchers who forge ahead despite the overarching issues argue about several things, such as definiting "race," defining "intelligence," the validity of IQ as a measure of intelligence, the reasons IQ scores might differ among groups, and whether any meaningful interpretation can be limned from the existing data.

 * So maybe race and intelligence controversies (my recommendation, has precedent on WP) can expand on the "main" page's summary of these issues. I am not keen on this public/scientific split of the controversies. Presenting any data needs to be done with the acknowledgement of the issues raised. Each article must be a stand-alone, meaning that if a read read only that article, there would at least be a link to more info on the central issues. Jokestress 06:52, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think Ultramarine's point, which is not unreasonable IMHO, is that there is already an entire sub-article dedicated to the between group heritability question (or controversy if you prefer), so repeating that here would be redundant. That still leaves quite a bit of controversy to be discussed here, and most of that controversy is aimed for public consumption. You are probably right that the genetics question is the most controversial, but that is in part because people confuse heritability with maleability. They are logically distinct considerations. Indeed, what WP is currently missing is a robust discussion of the maleability of IQ, which we could mention somewhere in this article series. --Rikurzhen 07:18, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * [Edit conflict with Rik] Jokestress, thank you for answering this. I am still not sure if your reply is actionable. Rik and myself were fine with Race and intelligence controversy, but Ultramarine very strongly disagrees. You seem to agree with Rik and me on this particular question, but otherwise seem to be closer to Ultramarine in how you want this topic presented. Frankly, I am at a loss as to what to do. Neither Rik nor I seem to care very much about this, but for Ultra and yourself this seems to be the very heart of the matter. I fear any decision that I make can be misconstrued as Bad Faith by either of you, so I urge you to be absurdly concrete about your recommendation. I have absolutely nothing against an article called Race and intelligence controversies that chronicles all the controversies about race and intelligence (political, epistemological, scientific, etc.), and which could be linked from each and every R&I-related article, however prominently you would like. Indeed I have been lobbying for it for a long time and thought that Race and intelligence controversy would be that article. But Ultra doesn't like that idea at all, thinking that the title itself is POV and factually incorrect. It seems we need a concrete and actionable suggestion to get us out of this situation. I propose to change this (current) article's title to Race and intelligence (public controversy) (or any meaningful permutation or pluralisation of these terms), and keep the scientific debate (including its main controversy) out of this. This is not what I wanted (and I also fear it isn't what Jokestress wants), but I can see the merits of the idea. Arbor 07:36, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I support something like the last suggestion. However, the article now contains things like moral objections that is not necessarily part of a "public controversy". A suggestion may be, "Race and intelligence research (public and moral controversy). This still means that most of "Test bias" should be somehere else, probably in the article about a genetics component or not. It can of course be briefly mentioned here. Ultramarine 14:59, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

More quotes
I am not very fond of our habit to turn these articles into long lists of quotes. (I think it's lazy and I would rather we write original, well-attributed prose. Quotation are for Wikiquote.) However, while following one of Nectar's links, I came across this, which seems to be to be a fairly concise reflection of an important point in the public debate. In an Oct. 30, 1994 article in the Sunday Telegraph called “Race and IQ: Never Has a Knife Been Put in More Smoothly,” he writes of intelligence studies:

“That these are important questions, and scientifically worthy subjects for research, I cannot deny. Nevertheless, they are so distasteful, so certain to give such deep offense to so many, that people who choose to pursue them–among all the equally important subjects demanding attention–can only be disturbingly insensitive. . . .” “. . . I still feel that the people involved in this research are pretty nasty pieces of work whom I would not wish to know. And the timing is so particularly cruel, smothering black pride forever, just as it is beginning to breathe freely.” “In the old days, theorists of racial superiority or inferiority positively glorified in their insensitivity; made no attempt to cushion the cruelties of their conclusions–sterlization for the inferior. Their American successors are much more concerned and sophisticated, more gentle, caring, and squeamish. ‘It hurts us more than it hurts you’ is the new motif. Never has a knife been put in more smoothly, leaving so little blood on the blade. Crude they are most certainly not: only creepy.” Maybe we want to use part of this. (As I said, I would prefer us to write prose to describe viewpoints, rather than quote people. It's not encyclopaedic. However, on a page describing public controversy, maybe some soundbites are OK.) Arbor 08:01, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The term I see most often for the sentiment this author describes is "calculated compassion." The quote is a bit long, but the issue it raises will need to be addressed. Way down my laundry list, though. Jokestress 08:38, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to categorize, this appears to be an instance of the position that looking for genetic causes of these differences is socially unethical.--Nectarflowed T 09:15, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

How do we use Wikiquote? It might be worthwhile. I've noticed links in some articles. --Rikurzhen 07:32, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

IQ experts?
Is there any reason to not call the 52 signatories of the WSJ statement IQ experts? Gottfredson did not use that phrase, but rather a more lengthy description based around the word "expert". Other terms used were "leaders", etc. --Rikurzhen 22:53, August 10, 2005 (UTC)

Liberalism
The findings of intelligence research are a challenge to liberalism (in the classical laissez-faire capitalism sense, not in the “limp-wristed, tax-spending socialist” sense used currently in the US), because they undermine the its basic moral axiom, viz that the only reason for failure in a completely free society is laziness (and hence the system is morally good because it is fair in providing all actors with the same options). This criticism is concordant with the conclusion of Rawls, but I have never seen him state it in terms of IQ (or group differences therein). Whom can we attribute this viewpoint to, besides myself? Arbor 08:00, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I've read a lot of Gottfredson's sociology writings, and she talks about the trade off between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome quite a bit. Murray specifically mentions that IQ differences are a perfect stepping point for a Rawlian conclusion if one were so inclined -- Murray is a libertarian (i.e. classical liberal). This argument sounds famaliar, so you should be able to find it from authors such as these. --Rikurzhen 08:21, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * BTW... this is precisely the reason that I think that Rawls must have a point over Nozik. --Rikurzhen 08:23, September 12, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Dephasing

Two topics?
Should this be split into two separate articles? Discuss. -- œ ™ 05:09, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Posted a note at WT:PHYSICS as I'm clueless on the subject matter here. -- œ ™ 05:21, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

 * This is not two topics, it is one topic described by two different people. I find the second description by-and-large clearer. --Steve (talk) 14:04, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dephasing