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Girls on Top (album)

Girls on Top is the fifth Korean studio album by South Korean recording artist BoA, released through SM Entertainment on June 23, 2005. A repackage of the album, titled Moto, was released on August 17, 2005. The record saw a continuation of BoA's image change that began with her prior album My Name (2004); Girls on Top sought to portray a "mature and self-confident" image with themes expressing female empowerment. In Japan, a special edition of the album including a DVD was released by Avex Trax on March 26, 2008.

Commercially, Girls on Top peaked at number three on the monthly MIAK album chart in South Korea and entered the album charts in Taiwan and Japan. To promote the album, the title tracks "Girls on Top" and "Moto" were released as singles with accompanying music videos. Similar to My Name, the album also received an overseas version including a Mandarin version of the eponymous lead single, "Girls on Top". An English version of the song was also recorded and included on BoA's self-titled debut English studio album BoA (2009).

Background and release
Girls on Top was released as BoA's fifth Korean studio album on June 23, 2005, and showcased a change in BoA's image and musicality compared to her previous releases, which largely consisted of lighter concepts and feminine visuals. The title track "Girls on Top" was promoted as the main single and contains themes of female empowerment. BoA's "bohemian" look on the album cover art aimed to represent "freedom and depth", while the visual for "Autumn Letter" (shown at the end of the music video for "Girls on Top") showcased BoA in traditional Korean fashion, weaving the "idea of Korean womanhood" into her music.

A repackage of the album titled Moto was released on August 17, 2005, and contained one new track "Autumn Letter", a cover of Kim Min-ki's 1993 song of the same name. A Hong Kong and Taiwanese edition of the album containing a Chinese version of "Girls on Top" was released a week later on August 25, in commemoration of BoA's 5th anniversary of debut. In Japan, a special edition release along with a DVD was released by Avex Trax on March 26, 2008. An English version of "Girls on Top" was included on BoA's US debut album in March 2009.

"'Girls on Top' contains the message of not tolerating discrimination that is chronically prevalent in our society as the subtle inequalities felt as a woman should disappear from the hearts of all people."

Composition
"Girls on Top" is a dance and hip-hop number with lyrics revolving around themes of female empowerment and countering male chauvinistic expressions. IZM compared the song's production to that of Usher and Ciara, and felt that the change in styles unveiled a new side of BoA's musically. The publication added that the remake of Kim Min-ki's "Autumn Letter" offered a "feeling of gradual maturity". "Moto" is a R&B and dance number and contains a fast-paced hip-hop rhythm produced by Kenzie, who also composed BoA's "My Name". "Do You Love Me?" is an acid pop number while the song "Garden in the Air" was inspired by the hanging gardens of Babylon. "Can't Let Go" is a R&B ballad containing backup vocals sung by Kangta while other songs such as "If You Were Here"', "Love Can Make a Miracle" and "Breathe Again" are lyrical ballads.

Reception
Commercially, Girls on Top peaked at number three on the monthly domestic Music Industry Association of Korea (MIAK) album sales chart for June 2005, selling 52,558 copies. The album sold a total of 112,954 copies by the end of 2005 and was ranked the 14th best-selling album of the year in South Korea. In Taiwan, the album peaked at number 12 on the G-Music Combo Albums chart and number 3 on the G-Music J-pop Albums chart. In Japan, it peaked at number 153 on the Oricon Albums Chart in 2008.

Covers and usage in media
Girls' Generation covered "Girls on Top" along with "My Name" during a special stage on November 10, 2007. Shinee made a performance of the song during a MBC Star Dance Battle on October 4, 2009, and renamed it "Boys on Top". Oh My Girl and WJSN performed parts of the song at the 2018 Mnet Asian Music Awards. It was performed by Team China on the dance competition television show Stage K in 2019. On July 31, 2020, Baekhyun of Exo released a remake of "Garden in the Air" as part of BoA's 20th anniversary tribute project, titled SM Station: Our Beloved BoA. The release peaked at number 83 on the Gaon Digital Chart.

In 2022, SM Entertainment debuted supergroup Got the Beat as part of a project group titled Girls on Top, which was named after the album and single. The group consisted of BoA herself alongside members of Girls' Generation, Red Velvet and Aespa. At KCON 2023 in Los Angeles, Everglow and Lapillus performed a joint stage and covered "Girls on Top". A remix version of the song was performed on the girl group survival show Universe Ticket.

title: Girls on Top (album)


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Kingstone, Somerset

Kingstone is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated near Ilminster, 5 mi north east of Chard in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 83.

The parish includes the village of Allowenshay which was the name of the parish from 1280.

Kingstone
The village name means Kings settlement, which it was until King Edmund gave the manor to St Dunstan, as abbot of Glastonbury Abbey in 940. The estate was valued at this time at eight hides. After the Norman Conquest it was lost to the Count of Mortain, William the Conqueror's brother Robert. It was later held by the Arundell family (1461-1663) and then by the Pouletts of Hinton St George until the 20th century. In the medieval period it was the site of a deer park.

Allowenshay
The settlement at Allowenshay, is mentioned in 1280 as Alwynesheye derived from the Saxon personal name Alwine. After 1300 Allowenshay became the largest settlement and was the name of the local manor. Archaeology from this time reveal a chapel, though a manor house is yet to be found. However, just north of Allowenshay, fields called the Park, Lower, Higher, and Middle Park, surrounded by the remains of a bank and ditch may indicate the remains of a park by John de Burgh circa 1260.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Chard Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one member of parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Landmarks
Kingstone Farmhouse dates from the early 16th century.

Religious sites
The Anglican parish Church of St. John the Evangelist and All Saints was recorded by 1291. The porch and chancel date from the 14th century with the remainder of the building dating from the 15th century.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kingstone, Somerset


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User talk:Aphrodite007

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Lectonar 11:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Aphrodite007


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Kingweston

Kingweston is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on Combe Hill, 3 mi north east of Somerton in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 128.

History
The village's name was Chinwardestune in the Domesday Book of 1086. There is evidence of Romano-British occupation in Copley Wood.

After the Norman Conquest the manor was given to Eustance, Count of Bologne and held by his family until a descendant gave it to Bermondsey Abbey in 1114, who held the manor until the Dissolution of the monasteries. It then passed to the Smyth family of Long Ashton until it was bought in 1740 by Caleb Dickinson.

The parish was part of the hundred of Catsash.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Langport Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Geography
Kingweston Meadows is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest providing an example of an unimproved herb-rich neutral grassland of a type which is now rare in Britain.

Landmarks
Kingweston House was built on the site of a previous Tudor House, but the current building was erected by the Dickinson family in the 19th century. Since 1946 it has been part of Millfield School.

Religious sites
The parish Church of All Saints retains some medieval fragments, but was largely rebuilt by Charles Edmund Giles between 1852 and 1855.

title: Kingweston


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Scanty frog

The scanty frog (Cophixalus exiguus), also known as the dainty nursery frog, is a Microhylid frog found in a restricted area of rainforest in north-east Queensland. It is the smallest frog species in Australia.

Description
The scanty frog is a very small frog, reaching a size of 16-19 millimetres (0.6-0.7 in). The dorsal surface is grey-brown, with random pale sections. In some specimens, a broad vertebral line is present, which broadens towards the eyes. It has a deep red patch on the groin. A faint "H" shape is present on the shoulders, and a V shape between the eyes. Toe pads are present, and webbing between toes and fingers are absent.

Ecology and behaviour
The scanty frog is a semi-arboreal species, usually found on the ground, beneath logs and leaf litter. It will call during mating season, from within the trees, as high as 1.5 metres. The mating call is a series of fast clicks. Its habitat is vine rainforests, which can include Acacia. The scanty frog is found in northern Queensland, south of Cooktown. It is geographically isolated from most species within its genus.

title: Scanty frog


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Talk:Tavistock

Rewrite
OK so I've done a bit of a rewrite on this page (it was pretty funny-looking before); I've put in as much as I can find out from the web etc, plus a little personal experience. Would like to say more about the more recent history, but couldn't find out much so far. Plus, I'll hopefully find time to add some pages on: goose fair, the school, the wharf. —the preceding unsigned comment is by JohnnyZen (talk • contribs)

Cream tea
"There is evidence to suggest that the local speciality "cream tea" was first served here; to workers during the restoration.Tea, the drink, did not appear in England until the 17th century [changed from 18th century]." By "restoration" does it mean the restoration of the abbey in the 1450s or the Restoration of Charles II in 1660? Tea may have arrived in England in his reign but it needs clarifying before being included again. Without tea it would just be scones.--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 09:45, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

 * In England the word tea can be used to refer to a mid- to late-afternoon snack or meal, as well as the drink (see Tea (meal)), and is used regardless of the presence of actual tea - in some areas, particularly Up North (and, apparently, Down Under), it refers to the evening meal itself. I think most people would understand that the term "cream tea" specifically applies to the scones/cream/jam dish, whether served with a cuppa or not. Obviously, the name must have come later, by association with the custom of having the drink around that sort of time. The 'restoration' refers to the building work being done on the abbey - it should have been fairly clear from the context, but perhaps replacing the ambiguous word with something more specific (just 'building work' maybe?) would clear this up. -- JohnnyZen (talk) 12:26, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

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External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Tavistock


text:
Knowle St Giles

Knowle St Giles is a village and civil parish in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England, situated on the River Isle 2 mi south of Ilminster and 2.5 mi north east of Chard. The village has a population of 244.

The parish includes the village of Cricket Malherbie.

History
In the Domesday book of 1086, Knowle St Giles is recorded as having small holdings by five villani and four bordarii. In the medieval period this grew with the reclamation of forest on Windwhistle Hill.

The parish of St Giles Knowles was part of the South Petherton Hundred.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including evaluating local planning applications, initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, consulting with the district council on the maintenance and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths and street cleaning, working with the police, district council and neighbourhood watch groups on crime, security and traffic, and assessing environmental and conservation matters such as trees and listed buildings.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Chard Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Landmarks
Cricket Court was erected as a country house in 1811 for Admiral Stephen Pitt, his family being cousins of the Earl of Chatham.

The road bridge over the River Isle is a Grade II listed building.

Religious sites
The former Church of St Giles is no longer consecrated and has been converted into a private house.

The Church of St Mary Magdalene in Cricket Malherbie, has 12th-century origins, but was rebuilt around 1855 by Rev J.M. Allen. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

title: Knowle St Giles


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Biljana Srbljanović

Biljana Srbljanović (Биљана Србљановић, ; born 15 October 1970) is a Serbian playwright and university professor.

She has written eleven theater plays and screenplay for Otvorena vrata television series that aired on Radio Television of Serbia during the mid-1990s. Her plays have been staged in some 50 countries. Srbljanović is also a part-time lecturer at the University of Arts' Faculty of Dramatic Arts (FDU) in Belgrade. On 1 December 1999, she became the first non-German writer to receive the Ernst Toller Prize. She is the recipient of various theatre awards in Serbia, including the Dragiša Kašiković Award, Slobodan Selenić Award, City of Belgrade Award, Joakim Vujić Statuette, and Sterija Award. Furthermore, she received the 2003 Osvajanje slobode Award, an annual accolade given out by the Serbian Civic Alliance (GSS) political party to women for "contributions in promotion of human rights, democracy, and tolerance in political communication".

In 2007, she was awarded the IX Europe Prize Theatrical Realities, in Thessaloniki.

Early life
Srbljanović was born on 15 October 1970 in Stockholm whereto her father Danilo Srbljanović had arrived a few years earlier during late 1960s as a gastarbeiter from SFR Yugoslavia in search of better employment opportunities. He would soon be joined by his girlfriend Miroslava Simić who came over from Yugoslavia. The couple wed in the Yugoslav embassy in Stockholm—a civil ceremony presided over by ambassador Vladimir Rolović—and had their daughter Biljana. In April 1971, months after her parents' wedding, the embassy was attacked by a group of Croatian Ustashe-affiliated terrorists led by Miro Barešić who assassinated ambassador Rolović.

Writing career
Srbljanović obtained her dramaturgy degree in 1995 at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade. The first play she wrote, Beogradska trilogija (The Belgrade Trilogy), was premiered in 1997 in Belgrade, Serbia at the Yugoslav Drama Theater. After its huge success, the play was staged in many other countries, including Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, England, and the Scandinavian countries.

In April 1998 her second play, Porodične priče (Family Stories), was written in Belgrade and staged at Atelje 212. It won the Best New Play Award at the theatre festival in Novi Sad, Serbia and was later staged in Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, United States, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France and elsewhere.

In December 1999, Srbljanović completed The Fall, which premiered in July 2000 at the City Theater Festival in Budva, Montenegro. Due to lack of public interest, the play was quickly erased from the program of Belgrade's theaters.

The young artist can also be seen in the Serbian movie Land of Truth, Love and Freedom (Zemlja istine ljubavi i slobode) as an actress in a leading role.

The premiere of Supermarket, her fourth play, took place in May 2001 at the Festival of Vienna, Austria. It is still staged in many European countries.

In late 2003, Srbljanović completed her fifth play, America, Part Two. This became Serbia's most popular play in 2003 and 2004.

Srbljanović's next play, Skakavci (Locusts), won the New Theatrical Realities Award, one of Europe's most prominent theatre awards. In the 2005-06 season, German theater magazine Theater Heute proclaimed Srbljanović the best foreign playwright of the season.

Her latest play This Grave Is Too Small For Me has attracted international press attention as well as acclaim from various audiences in Europe.

Europe Theatre Prize
In 2007, she received the IX Europe Prize Theatrical Realities, in Thessaloniki, with the following motivation:"For her and for the people of her country which has suffered so much, it is undoubtedly the epithet “European prize” that imports more as a confirmation of the fact that the Serbs are present and will be always present on this continent. Living in Serbia and in Europe at the same time, Biljana Srbljanović is not kind at all towards her compatriots: in the “Belgrad Trilogy”, she revealed their dissimulated, two-faced morality; then, with anger, she draws a caricature of them in the “Family Stories”. This author belongs to the current of the new European drama - courageous, open, brutal and it is not only in her own place that she’s offensive: in “The Supermarket”, she left for the superficial Occident, than she had the courage to attack and criticise “L’Amerika”- it is in this part, that came to maturity her ability to realise character’s deep, psychological characterization. “The Fall” analyzes people living in countries with totalitarian regimes, and in “The Locusts”, she goes back in her own country in the aim to draw a historical picture of four generations which worked out the corroded country’s actual face. Biljana Srbljanović is not the only one politically committed playwright who criticizes with ferocity her own country’s regime and the people supporting this regime: last year, Harold Pinter’s name has proved us that she‘s not alone in her case. At all monochromic, Biljana Srbljanović’s Balkans, have an outstanding environment; - rough, frank, quarrelsome and mystical. More than any of her predecessors, this playwright brought Balkans closer to the Europe and made us think about how much Balkan spirit is present in our souls as well. Her voice strongly echoed over the whole continent."

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
In April 2007, Srbljanović officially joined the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), with an additional role as a member of the party's newly-established political council. Alongside Srbljanović, other individuals appointed to the LDP political council were: Vesna Pešić (council president), Biljana Kovačević-Vučo, Bojan Đurić, Branko Dimitrijević, Dejan Sinadinović, Filip David, Ivan Andrić, Ivan Torov, Jadranka Jelinčić, Jasna Šakota, Latinka Perović, Miroslav Prokopijević, Miša Šahović, Nenad Prokić, Nikola Samardžić, Olivera Ježina, Petar Luković, Rajko Danilović, Saška Stanojlović, Sonja Biserko, Srbijanka Turajlić, Veljko Đurović, Vera Marković, Vladimir Gligorov, Vladimir Todorić, Zoran Ostojić, and Zoran Purešević.

In late March 2008, Srbljanović was announced as LDP's candidate for mayor of Belgrade at the upcoming May 2008 local elections.

Six months after the party's poor electoral showing in various Belgrade municipalities, she publicly complained on her personal blog of being marginalized by the LDP, specifically that "everyone within the party, except for Vesna Pešić and Žarko Korać, distanced themselves [from Srbljanović]" and that she has since learned that "everyone [in the party] has a price, whether it's commercial real estate in municipalities where LDP is part of the ruling coalition or salaried positions at the state-owned enterprises or an opportunity for future [financial and political] deals". Though quickly deleted, the blog post caused a lot of reaction from her party colleagues. Days later, reportedly following a talk with the party president Čedomir Jovanović who had in the meantime publicly expressed his support for the playwright's future in the party, Srbljanović came out with a statement that interpersonal relations within the party are good while relaying a personal opinion that LDP is "the best political party in Serbia".

She has quietly left the party at some point over the years since.

Ana Brnabić's Council for Creative Industries
In March 2018, Srbljanović's appointment to the newly-established Government of Serbia Council for Creative Industries was announced. Formed and launched by Serbia's Prime Minister Ana Brnabić, the council is envisioned as a "gathering of individuals and organizations possessing a wealth of experience in creative industries who will help the Prime Minister fully understand the needs of that sector and make informed decisions for its future development". In addition to Srbljanović, other council members include marketing expert Lazar Džamić, Tijana Palkovljević Bugarski, Vuk Veličković, art historian Aleksandra Lazar, Youth Initiative for Human Rights NGO founder Andrej Nosov, Igor Todorović, Milan Marković, Jasna Dimitrijević, visual artist Slavimir Stojanović as well as representatives of Exit Foundation, Mokrin House, Serbia Film Commission, Startit, and Nova iskra.

Immediately after the announcement of her appointment to the governmental agency, Srbljanović faced criticism of selling out to the government from various individuals including political activist Aida Ćorović.

Six month after the council was formed, in an October 2018 Nedeljnik interview, Serbia PM Brnabić praised Srbljanović as "an intellectual she especially admires, someone who criticizes the government but is also willing to help" while adding that Serbia would be a better place if it had more brave people like her".

Heartefact fund
Srbljanović is the program director of the Heartefact fund, a Belgrade-based non-governmental organization active since 2009 in the Western Balkans politically-defined region, that among its mission lists "rethinking of contemporary artistic, social and political issues and phenomena at national [Serbia], regional [Western Balkans] and European levels" and "advocating new models of production, regional [Western Balkans] cooperation and alternative forms of education" through "developing policies that support Erinnerungskultur (culture of remembrance), democratic values, human rights, freedom of speech and public sphere accountability".

Hertefact's organizational structure also includes Andrej Nosov, Živana Janković, Mirjana Milivojević, Aleksandra Lozanović, and Vana Filipovski while its governing board consists of FDU vice-dean Ana Martinoli, PR manager and piano professor Jelena Milašinović, political scientist, advisor, and NGO administrator Ivan Vejvoda, public advocate and lobbyist Goran Miletić, and actor Branko Cvejić. The organization is financed by the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), Open Society Foundations' Serbian branch, U.S. embassy in Serbia, European Union's Creative Europe programme, Serbian government's Ministry of Culture and Information, Swiss embassy in Serbia, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Heinrich Böll Foundation, etc.

Views and opinions
Srbljanović has for decades been an outspoken figure in the Serbian public sphere.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, during her university days, Srbljanović was a close friend of Isidora Bjelica and wrote for the right-wing Pogledi magazine.

By mid-1990s, Srbljanović's political views swung to the left as she began fiercely opposing the policies of Slobodan Milošević as well as views held by individuals and parties in the Serbian political opposition on the right side of the political spectrum. In 1997, as one of the guests on Olja Bećković's Utisak nedelje talk programme on Studio B, Srbljanović squared off against her former Pogledi editor-in-chief Miloslav Samardžić over the issue of American magnate George Soros injecting funds into the pro-Western Serbian media outlets, primarily B92.

Even after the 5 October 2000 Overthrow in Serbia, she continued railing against what she viewed to be "the irresponsibility of the political elite in Serbia", "Serbian violent nationalism" and "the culture of violence and exclusion in Serbian daily life". From May 2006 until February 2009, she maintained her own blog on the B92.net site where among other things she frequently criticized various individuals, mostly Serbian politicians and other public figures who displayed political opinions she opposes such as Nebojša Krstić, adviser to the Serbian president Boris Tadić.

In 2010 Srbljanović opened a Twitter account where she continued commenting on Serbian politics. During late summer 2011, she got into several heated exchanges with the Democratic Party (DS) spokeswoman Jelena Trivan.

The artist is signatory of the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins within the project Languages and Nationalisms (Jezici i nacionalzmi). The declaration is against political separation of four Serbo-Croatian standard variants that leads to a series of negative social, cultural and political phenomena in which linguistic expression is enforced as a criterion of ethno-national affiliation and as a means of political loyalty in successor states of Yugoslavia.

Libel suit
In March 2001, Srbljanović was sued for libel by film director Emir Kusturica as a result of her Vreme magazine op-ed in which she passingly refers to the director as "Milošević's immoral profiteer", accusing him of "direct collaboration with the [Milošević] regime through Milorad Vučelić [Kusturica's friend and Serbian state-owned TV (RTS) general-director]". Srbljanović based the accusation on her earlier claim within the same piece that Kusturica's 1995 film Underground was "mostly financed by the Milošević-controlled RTS". Six months later, in September 2001 right before the first court date, Vreme magazine organized a mediation attempt between the two parties, with Kusturica and Srbljanović meeting face to face in the magazine's offices. At the meeting, Kusturica reportedly expressed willingness to drop the lawsuit if Srbljanović issues a public apology, which Srbljanović refused. The next day, at the first court date, Srbljanović once again rejected the offer of a public apology.

In December 2003, two and a half years after the initial filing, a municipal court (opštinski sud) in Belgrade ruled in Kusturica's favour as Srbljanović's claims couldn't stand up to closer scrutiny after Kusturica's attorney Branislav Tapušković provided a complete documentation of Underground producers and financiers, proving that funding mostly came from several France-based production companies while parts of the movie were only shot on RTS sound stages in Belgrade.

Other
In July 2007 Srbljanović criticized basketball player Milan Gurović on her blog, referring to him as "that tattooed idiot", for having a tattoo of World War II Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović on his arm.

Additionally, Srbljanović aroused controversy with her 18 February 2012 tweet referring to the news item about former Serbian interior minister Dragan Jočić getting extra police security following the arrest of the organized crime figure Luka Bojović. Srbljanović's tweet — "'Jočić getting extra security detail' why? he ain't gonna run" — mocked the fact Jočić is physically disabled ever since his 2008 car accident.

Srbljanović set off a torrent of negative sentiment from the general public in Serbia after making an awkward joke on Twitter during the catastrophic May 2014 floods. The tweet in Serbian read "Excuse me for not being compassionate, but you have 10 more minutes to swim to the gallery for the promotion of the book Tomato". A flurry of tweets, Facebook posts and news updates were quick to condemn the post, and her Twitter account @leyakeller became unavailable shortly afterwards.

In January 2019, Srbljanović posted a vicious Facebook reaction to a tweet by the actor and newly-appointed Movement of Free Citizens (PSG) leader Sergej Trifunović whom she had previously collaborated with professionally in addition to a temporal overlap in their early 1990s respective studies at the University of Arts' Faculty of Dramatic Arts (FDU). Prompted by Trifunović tweeting about her early 1990s right-wing views and political activism—specifically a tweet in which the actor-turned-politician recalls witnessing "the leather-overcoat-and-Doc Martens-clad first year dramaturgy student and White Eagles member Srbljanović barge into the FDU commissary by kicking the door in anger and, in a manner of a political commissar, admonish the gathered crowd for 'eating and drinking while our brothers are dying in Slavonia and Baranya'" —Srbljanović launched into an obscenity-laced, insult-laden tirade on her Facebook account, denouncing Trifunović's morality, professionalism, personal hygiene, and accusing him of "responsibility in the assassination of Zoran Đinđić". Serbian actress, film producer, and former FDU student Bojana Maljević, who has also had a prior professional history with Srbljanović, supported the veracity of the event Trifunović mentioned in his original tweet.

Personal
In 2006 Srbljanović married Gabriel Keller, former French ambassador in Serbia. The couple divorced in 2014. Srbljanović is related to Radovan Karadžić, wartime political leader of Bosnian Serbs, sentenced to 40 years in prison by the international tribunal at The Hague.

Drug possession arrest
Srbljanović was detained by police on 1 December 2011 while buying cocaine in Belgrade from twenty-seven-year-old street dealer Miloš "Šone" Stanojčić and had a criminal investigation request (krivična prijava) filed against her for possession of illegal substances. According to the information she provided during police hearing, in addition to the drug purchase she was caught for, Srbljanović had also bought drugs from the same dealer four days earlier, each time paying €60. Despite providing a detailed account of events at the police hearing, two months later on 7 February 2012 during the hearing before the investigative judge (istražni sudija) Srbljanović used the right to silence as her defence. The forty-one-year-old playwright ended up not having charges pressed against her by taking a plea deal from the prosecutor's office in late March 2012—agreeing to donate RSD200,000 to charity as well as to testify against the dealer who sold her the drugs.

Works

 * Beogradska trilogija (1997)
 * Porodične priče (1998)
 * Pad (2000)
 * Supermarket (2001)
 * Amerika drugi deo (2003)
 * Skakavci (2005)
 * Barbelo, o psima i deci (2007)
 * Nije smrt biciklo (da ti ga ukradu) (2011)
 * Mali mi je ovaj grob (2013)
 * Tuđe srce ili pozorišni traktat o granici (2016)
 * Vrat od stakla (2018)
 * Intimnost (2020)

title: Biljana Srbljanović


text:
Tobitakyū Station

Tobitakyū Station (飛田給駅) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Chōfu, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keio Corporation. It serves as the main train station for access to Ajinomoto Stadium, home of J. League football teams F.C. Tokyo and Tokyo Verdy.

Lines
Tobitakyū Station is served by the Keiō Line, and is located 17.7 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Shinjuku Station.

Rapid and Local trains stop at the station regularly. During events at Ajinomoto Stadium, service is extended to Semi Express, Express, and Special Express trains to provide access to the facility.

Station layout
This station has a side platform and an island platform with an elevated station building.

History
The station opened on 1 September 1916.

Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 28,284 passengers daily.

The passenger figures (boarding passengers only) for previous years are as shown below.

Surrounding area

 * Ajinomoto Stadium

title: Tobitakyū Station


text:
Talk:Isatis tinctoria

myths
It might be prudent to include a blurb discounting the legend that woad made warriors especially fierce or insensitive to pain.

Here's an example quote taken from a web site:

"The blue part of the Woad is not any sort of hallucinogen, despite lore to the contrary. The raw sap crushed from fresh Woad leaves sometimes causes surface skin numbness, slight dizziness, and in certain bloodlines, a vague impression of less danger or more confidence. Since the preparation process for Woad dye required some form of ammonia or fermentation to "fix" it, there is some evidence that horse urine was used in ancient times. If this is the case, warriors using the dye may have carried something of a stink."

Taken from: http://members.aol.com/methosela/WOAD.htm Please don't add this information as is since I dont know the site owners reprint policy.Xiaou 23:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Here's some interesting text from a writer who has tried woad as a body paint, and it didn't work: [] . Cavort 19:54, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I've experimented with woad - it fails miserably as body paint and tattoo pigment. It can create horrible scars.  Tattoo artist Pat Fish had some bad experiences with it, IIRC.  It stains the skin less than does food coloring (which is what many of the Re-enactment groups actually use for their "woad" body paint).  I worked with a number of people over the years to test different formulas, trying to try get it to stain the skin, and we never got it to work very well.  It also never caused numbness, confidence, dizziness, or induced any sort of spiritual, religious or hallucinogenic state - and the group of test subjects were all the sorts who were inclined to want to experience that sort of thing from it ;-)  So, yes, I've added some of the debunking and sourced it to the article Cavort suggests above.  I still use woad for painting on wood and fabric, but not on skin.  ~ Kathryn NicDhàna  ♫ ♦ ♫ 07:56, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

species
Isatis indigotica is incorrectly used as a synonym for Isatis tinctoria, but it is not simply an incorrect name, it's a separate species in its own right. Isatis indigotica is a Chinese species. 67.168.59.171 (talk) 22:41, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that this is problematic. There does seem to be a Chinese plant with the name Isatis indigotica. Several online dictionaries of Chinese medicinal plants (including this one and this one) give 菘蓝 as Isatis tinctoria and 草大青 as I. indigotica. It's highly likely they all just copied the relevant section from each other, but still there is contradictory information out there so if a real botanist could clear up the confusion that would be great! longboatgirl 78.52.224.127 (talk) 10:35, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

 * There seems to be some disagreement. The major databases list them as synonyms, but it looks like newer research has separated them again . I don't know how accepted either position is. Thomas Kluyver (talk) 13:19, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

problem with cited source; can we find a better one?
The page "The Problem of the Woad" has some errors and questionable statements. Can someone with more access to historical sources find a source that keeps the basic point but avoids these? Some problems I found: The page says: "However, that it would be antiseptic in it's [sic] BLUE form is doubtful, at least not in ancient times. It appears to require ammonia to become indigo, and their sources would have been urine and dung." Dung would be nasty, but urine is actually quite sterile unless the source has an urinary tract infection. Urine-derived ammonia was used to clean clothes in ancient Rome. Ammonia made from clean urine wouldn't make woad dye harmful if it wasn't already. Also, the page claims that an antiseptic would be useless anyway because "in battle you are not talking about some scratches that might become infected." It was much easier for ancient medicine to deal with binding wounds and setting broken bones than with infections, so it seems that antiseptic on the skin would be valuable. Also, it's an EXTREME stretch to get iron dye out of the "ferronque" in the Claudius Claudianus quote. The Latin word for iron is VERY often used to mean "blade".Vultur (talk) 03:10, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

 * The source "The Problem of the Woad" does not meet our criteria for reliable sources. It's self-published and does not appear to have been subject to any sort of peer review. Angr (talk) 21:01, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

 * So why is it still being used as a reference? 72.200.151.13 (talk) 06:43, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * scholar.google.com indicates that the matter has been discussed quite a bit. this abstract seems to be an adequate citation. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 21:05, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I wasn't doubting the facts as presented, but only the quality of the references.72.200.151.13 (talk) 01:43, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I've tried to address this by citing the peer-reviewed article that refers to possible use of copper pigments on the Lindow Man. I've also tried to include several peer-reviewed articles or published books/book chapters to supplement claims made in the self published citations. This is my first time doing major edits to an article, so I hope their acceptable! DrEmmaGrey (talk) 22:31, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

US invasive species
A gaping hole here is that Dyer's Woad has become an invasive species in the US (http://www.globalrestorationnetwork.org/database/cipm-database/?cmd=process&keywords=woad&resourceType=0&source=0) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.202.204.35 (talk) 04:45, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

the color woad vs. the color indigo?
The lead section states that the term "woad" is used to describe the color produced from woad dye. The article later asserts that woad dye is just a different source of indigo dye. Does this mean that the color woad is exactly the same as the color indigo? Do any color systems differentiate between the two (For example, pantone)? Not knowing any better, it sounds to me as though woad as a color is just a localized synonym for the color indigo. If I am correct in this, I'd like to clarify the lead section to mention indigo, instead of just "a blue dye", as it currently states. -Verdatum (talk) 20:14, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

al gore
maybe we should put a south park reference in here haha —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.47.232.83 (talk) 23:49, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Not just picts and gaules
Many other tribes, such as german ones for example, knew a blue war paint made of woad! Please add this too or the article could be seen as biased! --89.50.29.243 (talk) 19:16, 5 April 2010 (UTC)
 * This seems to already be there in the "History of Woad" section. Thomas Kluyver (talk) 13:31, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Common name
Shouldn't the name of this article be Woad? That obviously the more common name, and although Woad redirects to Insatis tinctoria, that shouldn't be necessary if most searches will be for the term Woad. I'm not really familiar with this area, but what I suggest seems like the common method, as per WP:COMMONNAME. Thank you. — InvaderCito (talk) 19:11, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Hey, I think at current state we are conflating two plants here. In the medical reserach communities this plant are treated different and should not be shown as one here (e.g. woad). Even in the current state we are stating that isatis indigotica and insatis tinctoria are the same. Ther are not. Isatis indigotica Fort. (Chinese woad) is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. It is often confused with Isatis tinctoria L. (European woad), a medicinal plant in Europe. Here, the differences between I. indigotica and I. tinctoria are systematically described:
 * https://molhort.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43897-021-00021-w 2A02:810D:1500:78B4:B547:A7FE:4B93:67FA (talk) 17:29, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

Popular films have no place in a scholarly discussion ...
... of ancient and historical references. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.68.94.86 (talk) 09:53, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

 * May I suggest that next time, when you delete something from an article, you explain your reason briefly in an edit summary (in the space below the text of the article in Edit Mode, just above where you click "Preview" or "Save"). It's all right also to leave a comment on the Talk page, as you did.CorinneSD (talk) 19:45, 27 December 2013 (UTC)

Native to Europe or Not?
God, Wikipedia can be bloody contradictory at times.

According to [|this] article

"The first archaeological finds of woad seeds date to the Neolithic. The seeds have been found in the French cave of l'Audoste, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Impressions of the seeds of Färberwaid (Isatis tinctoria L.) or German indigo, of the plant family Brassicaceae, have been found on pottery in the Iron Age settlement of the Heuneburg, Germany. Seed and pod fragments have also been found in Iron Age pit at Dragonby, South Humberside, United Kingdom.[4] The Hallstatt burials of the Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave and Hohmichele contained textiles dyed with woad dye."

But according to [|this] article

"In temperate climates including Europe, indigo was obtained primarily from woad (Isatis tinctoria), an indigenous plant of Assyria and the Levant which has been grown in Northern Europe over 2,000 years"

"Over 2,000 years doesn't really cover the Neolithic now, does it? If anything the second article suggests a rather later introduction of the species than that.  Possibly no later than 1000 to 500 years BCE.  So which is it?  Was Isatis Tinctoria introduced to Europe from the region of the Levant and Assyria during the Neolithic; or was it introduced to Europe from that region during the Iron Age? If it's the former I suggest editing the article to reflect a greater time range (one more in keeping with the span of time from the Neolithic to today).  If it's the latter then what's the source of the French seeds?

Mark76 (talk) 21:55, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isatis tinctoria


text:
User:Paris Lovett~enwiki

I'm an ER doc based in NYC. Have a few other interests such as art and film (esp. film noir).

title: User:Paris Lovett~enwiki


text:
Talk:Palestinian Arabic

Merging Jordanian Arabic and Palestinian Arabic into South Levantine Arabic?
I realize this is a politically charged issue. However, nearly every linguist I have read on the subject does not make a distinction between Palestinian and Jordanian Arabic and instead refer to the two as one South Levantine Arabic or Palestinian-Jordanian Arabic. Linguistically, it seems the more meaningful distinction is between Madani and Fellahi. Let me reiterate that I'm not trying to erase anyone's identity before I state that both the Ethnologue and the Glottolog (which are seldom in agreement on anything) recognize them as one language, with the two dialects instead being Madani and Fellahi. I'mreallygoodatsocialsciencenoreallytrustme (talk) 18:26, 24 April 2018 (UTC)       I'mreallygoodatsocialsciencenoreallytrustme (talk) 17:54, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi Youareprobablyreallygoodatsocialscience, it is an interesting subject. I do not know enough about it to be able to give a good judgment on your proposal. I did notice that there are quite some scholarly publications that do explicitely mention Palestinian Arabic, these are just some examples, there are dozens or hundreds of them:

 * "Acquiring Noun Plurals in Palestinian Arabic: Morphology, Familiarity, and Pattern Frequency Saiegh - Haddad, Elinor ; Hadieh, Areen ; Ravid, Dorit, Language Learning, Dec, 2012, Vol.62, p.1079(31)",
 * "Rural Palestinian Arabic : (Abu Shusha dialect) Shahin, Kimary N. author. München : Lincom Europa 2000
 * A sociophonetic account of morphophonemic variation in Palestinian Arabic, Cotter, William M. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, April 2016, Vol.139(4), pp.2216-2216 Carol (Talk) 17:17, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi User:Carol_Fenijn! Within the articles you have provided as examples, as well as within countless other journal articles, the term "Palestinian Arabic" is used as a synonym for "South Levantine Arabic," "Palestinian-Jordanic Arabic," or "Palestinian-Jordanian Arabic." It is not being used as to create a distinction between Jordanian and Palestinian Arabic. On Wikipedia, we have both articles. My point is that they should be merged into one article as to reflect overwhelming scholarly consensus. On Glottolog, LinguistList, as well as WALS (databases which Wikipedia normally defers to), it is explicitly stated that, within the linguistic world, Palestinian Arabic is regarded synonymously with the aforementioned designations. I am not debating the nomenclature; I am merely proposing accuracy, as well as consistency. I'mreallygoodatsocialsciencenoreallytrustme (talk) 02:14, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Hello Youareprobablyreallygoodatsocialscience, that they can be seen as synonyms is very well possible. I tried to falsify the thesis that they are the same and that is not a very easy thing to do. I hope others, preferrably experts on Levantine Arabic, will also give input on this. I currently have no objections to a merge. Carol (Talk) 16:56, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I would say that there are strong geopolitical and cultural reasons, beyond linguists' classifications, influencing the organization of the articles, and little chance of consensus for a merge. As long as the article subject meets notability requirements, and it uses the common name for the concept, I don't see a problem with it. Also, I would say that Ethnologue etc. group the languages of the regions together in their classification, not that they "recognize them as one language". There are clearly identifiable differences between the languages spoken in Palestine and in Jordan (and also within those). Although I'm strongly against the use of made-up language classifications that seems rampant on Wikipedia ("Outer Southern Levantine Arabic" is not a thing!!), I think there is plenty of support and good reason for a Palestinian Arabic article, even if it doesn't have its own official language code for example. There are dozens of books with "Palestinian Arabic" in their titles, and thousands that use the term. Having said that, I'd be interested in an article on South Levantine Arabic, or a better explanation in the Levantine Arabic article about the North/South Levantine official classifications, and perhaps some of the common material could be consolidated there, without the need to delete the two existing articles in a full merge. I was trying to get information about it, and found it lacking. Also, neither the Palestinian Arabic article nor the Jordanian Arabic articles say much about the other, or compare what the differences and similarities are. A new article (or section of Levantine Arabic) could be helpful in providing that. --IamNotU (talk) 18:29, 15 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Comment - current article is very inaccurate. Palestinian Arabic is spoken in central Israel, in northern West Bank and in parts of Jordan. In Galilee - it is Lebanese Arabic (Northern Levantine). Palestinian is in fact a central Levantine Arabic dialect, while Southern Levantine is mostly spoken in Gaza strip, by Negev Bedouins, Hebron area and in most of Jordan.GreyShark (dibra) 07:51, 14 October 2018 (UTC)

 * oppose - if you do anything with the Palestinian Arabic page the better thing to merge it with is "languages of Palestine" which really needs expanding, it should include Hebrew, English and which dialects of those (it seems Israel uses American and Palestine uses British), rates of fluency, stats on literacy, social and political context etc. Plus the accent / dialect divergence between Gaza Strip and West Bank, and could possibly also include the Yiddish spoken by the small community in East Jerusalem. MWQs (talk) 16:05, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

Druzes
It is not clear to me why Druze linguistic varieties are described here. Druze do not reside in the State of Palestine and are not considered or consider themselves Palestinians. Furthermore, Galilean Druzes and Carmel Druzes speak Northern Levantine Arabic, so why is it included in this article?GreyShark (dibra) 13:14, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

 * it's a good point. It's complicated by the fact that the eminent analysis of the split language used by the Druze (by the Druze linguist Kheir herself!) uses Palestinian as the comparandum for the Arabic "side" of the language, rather than Syrian, as might be more accurate technically. It might make sense to split off Israel Druzi Arabic I suppose. As I understand it, the Arabic of the Druze in Syria also marks them off from their neighbors, but is not the same as what we see in Israel (and not just because of the recent phenomenon of Druze "Palebrew" as described by Kheir 2019). Cheers, --Calthinus (talk) 12:02, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Israeli Druze Arabic is indeed a unique kind of dialect - a Northern Levantine Arabic which has become so heavily influenced by Hebrew over the past century that it might well be a defined as dialect on its own right, certainly apart from the Palestinian Arabic, but now also apart from Northern Levantine Arabic too.GreyShark (dibra) 10:49, 16 July 2021 (UTC)

 * as a druze, from my experience , druze arabic in the galilee and the carmel is closer to palestinian vernacular arabic (and is a branch of it , since this is not a political term it is used to describe the arabic that is spoken in this area ) than it is to syrian or lebanese or northern levantine arabic in terms of vocabulary and the way it is spoken (we have a lebanese druze in our village and their dialect is very distinguishable from the local dialect ) , specifically in the galilee and the carmel , while in the golan hights they speak with a dialect that is syrian . 77.137.22.34 (talk) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:54, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Levantine Arabic Map 2021.jpg

The way [q] is spoken in the village yarka
their is a very unique way the village of yarka speak the [q] letter, maybe the only village in the israel-palastine area that speaks it that way so it shiuld be mentioned , i think you can find a source on it in this book https://brill.com/view/title/55885 77.137.22.34 (talk) 11:46, 22 November 2021 (UTC)

Levantine Arabic FAC
Levantine Arabic has been nominated for FAC. Any feedback would be more than welcome :) A455bcd9 (talk) 14:57, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

Figures
Some issue with the figures. The article gives the number of speakers just over 4 million. However, the Palestinians article give the number of Palestinians to be over 14 million. --95.24.70.129 (talk) 00:56, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Not all Palestinians speak Arabic, for instance, almost all Palestinians in Central America have lost the language. Also, a small number of Palestinians don't speak "Palestinian Arabic" but Levantine Bedawi Arabic (you may consider this scholarly division artificial but Wikipedia follows it). But then, what about Palestinians who live in, for instance, Jordan or Lebanon and speak Arabic: do they keep their ancestral Palestinian dialect or do they switch to the local Jordanian or Lebanese dialect? I don't know. The article just uses the number of Levantine Arabic speakers living in Gaza and the West Bank. It's maybe the best we can do unless we have better reliable sources? a455bcd9 (Antoine) (talk) 07:35, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

Number of speakers
What is the reason that just 4 million speak Palestinian? --95.24.65.201 (talk) 18:32, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

Merging Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic to Palestinian Arabic
The young stub source seems a good candidate for merging into the mature longer target. Gjs238 (talk) 17:16, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Hmm...I dunno. It is distinct enough as a dialect of its own. -αβοοδ (talk) 19:44, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It's also (near) extinct, I think it deserves to keep its own page! I don't see similar merge requests for other Judeo-Arabic variants? -αβοοδ (talk) 19:47, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Imagine you have two kinds of cookies: chocolate chip and sugar cookies. While they may look similar and share some ingredients, they taste different because of the way they are made. Similarly, Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic and Palestinian Arabic are like these cookies. They both come from the same language family, like how the cookies come from the same baking ingredients, but they have their own unique flavors, just like how the languages have different words, sounds, and ways of speaking. So, while they are related, they are not exactly the same Yolia21 (talk) 01:25, 16 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Kinda seems distinct enough to have its own article. By the way Yolia21's explanation is great! ElLuzDelSur (talk) 07:47, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I understand the arguments for a merge, but based on the arguments made by the opposing side, I think a separate article may be worth it. Particularly the distinct history might be a relevant factor.FortunateSons (talk) 19:47, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The difference between Palestinian Arabic and Palestinian Judeo-Arabic is quite important, because combining their Wikipedia entries would obscure each language's rich diversity and distinguishing traits. Firstly, let's consider their linguistic differences. Palestinian Arabic is a dialect of the broader Arabic language, spoken by Palestinian Arabs as their native tongue. It has evolved over centuries within the Palestinian community, influenced by various historical and cultural factors. On the other hand, Palestinian Judeo-Arabic is a distinct variety spoken by Palestinian Jews, primarily before the mass migration of Jews from Arab countries in the mid-20th century. It bears the imprint of Jewish culture, incorporating Hebrew and Aramaic vocabulary and expressions. Their distinct histories highlight the necessity for independent representation. Palestinian Arabic is deeply rooted in the indigenous Palestinian community, showing a linguistic tradition passed down through generations. Palestinian Judeo-Arabic, on the other hand, has a distinct history molded by the Jewish community's experiences in Palestine, as well as connections with other Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa. By maintaining separate Wikipedia pages, we honor both linguistic traditions and ensure that users can access accurate information about each one without confusion. Merging the pages would risk oversimplifying the complexities of these languages and overlooking their distinct cultural and historical significance. Yolia21 (talk) 20:54, 27 April 2024 (UTC)
 * OPPOSE They are different languages. We need to be more specific in order to conserve all knowledge of mankind. 2001:8003:9100:2C01:ECC7:8630:F902:DCDB (talk) 04:30, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Palestinian Arabic


text:
Christian Brothers College, Adelaide

Christian Brothers College (CBC) is a private Catholic school in Adelaide, South Australia. It was founded by a group of Irish Christian Brothers in 1878. It is now one of three Christian Brothers schools in the state, along with St Paul's College, Adelaide and Rostrevor College.

CBC is predominantly a secondary school, although it has a primary school campus, with a combined student population of approximately 970 (as of 2024).

Houses
Christian Brothers College has six houses. Each house is named after significant people and places that are connected with the story of Edmund Ignatius Rice.

Upon commencement at the college, each student is assigned to one of the six houses:

In the senior campus for Christian Brothers College, students can nominate to be a leader of their house.

Notable alumni

 * C.J. Dennis, poet
 * Frank Walsh, 34th Premier of South Australia
 * Sir Aubrey Lewis, prominent Psychiatrist, first Professor of Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, London (now part of King's College London)
 * Sir Edmund Britten Jones, cricketer and Australian rules footballer. Rhodes scholar
 * Sir Robert Nicholls, state politician, speaker 1933–1956.
 * Sir Baden Pattinson. MP for Glenelg, 1947–1965. Minister of Education, 1953–1965
 * Anthony Byrne, Member of Parliament
 * John Cahill, Australian rules footballer, Australian Football Hall of Fame inductee
 * Bill Denny, state MP 1900–1933
 * Kevin Crease, news anchor
 * Louis D'Arrigo, Adelaide United soccer player
 * Roy Rene, alias of Henry van der Sluys, pioneering comedian, "Australia's Charlie Chaplin"
 * David Fitzsimons, Olympic runner
 * Michael Frederick, Australian rules footballer
 * Joseph Peter Gardiner, Member of Parliament
 * George Joseph, 69th Lord Mayor of Adelaide
 * Chris Kenny, Journalist, author and television host
 * Tom Leahy, Australian rules footballer
 * Jack Londrigan, Australian rules footballer
 * Dan Moriarty, Australian rules footballer
 * Stephan Knoll, South Australia Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Local Government
 * Richard Marsland, radio/television host
 * Paul McGuire, diplomat
 * Tony Monopoly, singer
 * John Perin, soccer player
 * Laurence Power, cricketer and operatic tenor
 * Benedict Samuel, actor
 * Xavier Samuel, actor
 * Samuel Albert White, racehorse owner, soldier, explorer, conservationist and amateur ornithologist
 * Paul Vasileff, founder of Paolo Sebastian
 * Leonard Chamberlain, first-class cricketer and Australian rules footballer
 * Frank Barry, Australian rules footballer
 * Tom MacKenzie, Australian rules footballer
 * Alby Bahr, Australian rules footballer
 * John Madden, Tasmanian politician
 * John Cahill, Australian rules footballer

Controversy
In May 2014, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sex Abuse heard that a long line of Christian Brothers accused of child sex abuse were transferred to Christian Brothers College in Adelaide from 1919 to 1969.

On 12 December 2018, a former teacher at Christian Brothers College was sentenced to at least two years in prison for having a sexual relationship with one of her students over a two-month period in 2016.

title: Christian Brothers College, Adelaide


text:
Riedlingen

Riedlingen is a town in the district (Kreis) of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, in the south-west of Germany. It is one of the destinations of the Upper Swabian Baroque Route. Riedlingen has approximately 11,000 inhabitants.

Geography
The town is situated on the river Danube. Furthermore, there it lies in a dale which is created by the extensions of the Swabian Alps. Around Riedlingen there are seven villages which are part of the urban district. These are called Neufra, Daugendorf, Grüningen, Pflummern, Zwiefaltendorf, Zell and Bechingen.

History
Riedlingen is probably an Alemannic foundation. The first written reference dates back to 835. The medieval city was built 1247–1255, situated east of the hamlet of the Earl of Veringen. It was a typical town with its foundations kept in rectangular and square roads with the marketplace as the centre.

Even in the late 13th century the city was in possession of the Habsburgs, but which they pledged later. In 1314 the city belonged to the Counts of Hohenberg, later to the lords of Ellenbach (family) 1384 and finally to the Steward of Waldburg [2]. The Reformation in the 16th century initially found strong support by the urban population. However, it could not prevail against the Catholic Church's Counter Reformation. From 1654 to 1658 Riedlingen a Capuchin monastery was built. In 1680 the city was claimed by Austria.

Culture
In Riedlingen there are many sports clubs, such as the football club TSV Riedlingen which plays in the German "Kreisliga A". The carnival group called "Gole" has many followers. In the town centre there are several bakeries, cafes, and a cinema which acts as a theatre, stage and cafe within the same building.

The writer Ernst Jünger used to live close to Riedlingen in the Jünger-Haus Wilflingen.

Economy
The main employers in Riedlingen are the metalworking companies "Silit" and " Feinguss Blank".

Transportation
Train transportation is served by the Ulm–Sigmaringen railway.

Notable people

 * Andreas von Jerin, (DE Wiki) (1541–1596), Bishop of Breslau
 * Johann Joseph Christian (1706–1777), a German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver of choir stalls
 * Conrad Graf (1782–1851), piano maker
 * Johann Adam Möhler (1796–1838), Roman Catholic theologian and priest, curate at Riedlingen, 1819.
 * Frederick Miller (1824–1888), founder of the American brewery Miller Brewing Company  in Milwaukee
 * Adolf Gröber, (DE Wiki) (1854–1919), politician, leader of the Centre Party in the Reichstag
 * Gustav Merk, (DE Wiki) (1874–1954), Catholic priest and archivist
 * Maria Caspar-Filser (1878–1968), painter, painted flowers, gardens and landscapes
 * Willy Mißmahl, (DE Wiki) (1885–1964), surgeon
 * Wilhelm Bröckel, (DE Wiki) (1887–1957), bank and association director
 * Josef Keller, (DE Wiki) (1887–1981), confectioner, claimed to be one of the inventors of the Black Forest gateau
 * Emil Münch, (DE Wiki) (1891–1961), local politician, District Chief Executive in Tettnang (1947–1957)
 * Ernst Jünger (1895–1998), writer, philosopher, officer and entomologist; died in the district hospital Riedlingen
 * Richard Lohrmann, (DE Wiki) (1896–1970), forester and conservationists, led the Forestry Office Riedlingen, 1946 to 1961
 * Albert Burkart, (DE Wiki) (1898–1982), artist
 * Ludwig Walz, (DE Wiki) (1898–1989), mayor and Righteous Among the Nations, died locally
 * Franz Freiherr von Bodman (1908–1945), Obersturmführer and camp doctor in several concentration camps
 * Hans-Peter Mißmahl, (DE Wiki) (1920–2008), internist
 * Helmut Schlegel OFM (born 1943), Franciscan priest, meditation teacher, author and lyricist of new sacred songs
 * Hans-Peter Mayer (1944), politician (CDU), European delegate for Niedersachsen
 * Eugen Münch, (DE Wiki) (born 1945), entrepreneur, founder of the Rhön-Klinikum
 * Franz Schmidberger (born 1946), Catholic priest and Superior of the Society of Saint Pius X
 * Wolfgang Schneiderhan (born 1946), officer, former Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
 * Peter Schneider, (DE Wiki) (born 1958), politician (CDU), Member of Parliament
 * Wolfgang Amann, (DE Wiki) (born 1959), politician (later CDU) mayor of Geislingen (1998–2014)
 * Thomas Treß, (DE Wiki) (born 1966), CEO of Borussia Dortmund, finance and organization
 * Uwe Spies (born 1967), former footballer who played 330 games
 * Mario Gómez (born 1985), footballer with VfB Stuttgart, played 456 games and 78 for Germany
 * Mathias Jänisch (born 1990), a Luxembourger footballer, played over 330 games and 59 for Luxembourg

Honorary citizens
In the history of the city of Riedlingen, eleven people have been honoured. Wilfried Steuer and Winfried Aßfalg are living honorary citizens.
 * 1914: Adolf Gröber (1854–1919), member of the Reichstag and Landtag (Centre Party)
 * 1917: Carl Buz (1853–1919), professor
 * 1926: Franz Xaver Maier (1859–1931), mayor
 * 1953: Theodor Selig (1874–1967), priest
 * 1959: Josef Kohler (1879–1967), tax official
 * 1964: Kilian Fischer (1886–1975), mayor
 * 1967: Franz Zeller (1879–1953), teacher
 * 1967: Odilo Burkart (1899–1979), general director
 * 1981: Albert Burkart (1898–1982), painter
 * 1992: Wilfried Steuer (born 1933), former district councillor, politician (CDU) and former manager in the energy industry
 * 2010: Winfried Aßfalg (born 1940), museum director, author, photographer, local historian

title: Riedlingen


text:
Augustiner-Bräu

Augustiner-Bräu is a brewery in Munich, Germany, established in 1328. It is Munich's oldest independent brewery.

History
The Augustiner Brewery was first mentioned by name in 1328, established within an Augustianian Monastery which had been settled just outside the Munich city walls in an area called Haberfeld (or Haferfeld – "oat field") in 1294. The Monastery complex was the largest sacred building in Munich until the completion of the Frauenkirche cathedral in 1494. The Augustinian monks supplied beer to the Bavarian Royal Wittelsbach family until 1589, at which time the Hofbräu brewery was founded.

In 1759, the Augustinian Monks of Munich were among the first members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Meanwhile, during this era, Augustiner's annual output reached 250,000 liters, three times the amount of an average brewery of the time.

In 1803, as part of a secularization movement, the monastery was dissolved, and the brewery was run by the state before passing into private ownership. Then in 1817, as the original building had fallen in great disrepair, the brewery was moved to Neuhauser Straße.

Anton and Therese Wagner, a brewing family from the vicinity of neighboring Freising acquired the enterprise and the brewery has continued to be privately owned since. Around 1840, Anton Wagner acquired a storage facility on Rosenheimer Straße in order to expand the brewery and after Anton's death in 1845, his widow Therese Wagner ran the business.

Augustiner entered the industrial age in 1852 with the adoption of a steam engine to aid in production. Then in 1857, a further storage facility was acquired on Landsberger Straße, and eventually all production was moved to the new site, while a brewery-sponsored restaurant continued operation at the Neuhauser Straße location.

Joseph Wagner ("JW" as marked on the current label), took on the management role following his mother's death. The brewery further expanded in 1862 with the addition of another storage cellar at Arnulfstraße 52, the current site of the famous Augustiner-Keller and Beer Garden.

In 1880, Joseph Wagner was recognized as a founding member of the Bavarian Beer alliance, and later in 1887, Augustiner's iconic "JW" trademark with the bishop's staff was registered.

As a result of the aerial bombing of Munich during World War II, Augustiner Brewery was 60% destroyed. In 1971, the brew house was completely renovated, adopting the use of stainless steel tanks.

In 1996, Edith Haberland Wagner, the last of the Wagner dynasty, bequeathed her share in the brewery ownership to the Edith Haberland Wagner Foundation, and the foundation continues to hold 51% of the shares of the brewery to this day.

In 2013, Augustiner opened the Klosterwirt, returning to their origins on the site of the original Augustinian Monastery, just next to the Munich Frauenkirche.

Augustiner at Oktoberfest
It is not known when Augustiner beer was first featured at the Oktoberfest, but the first record of an Augustiner beer stall is featured on a picture dating from 1867. The first appearance of an Augustiner beer "castle" was later in 1903, and finally in 1926, the Augustiner Festhalle was erected for the first time. The original tent featured a tower, which was later removed from the construction design during the years 1949-2010. The tower was reinstated in 2010 in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Oktoberfest, and has continued to be a feature of the Festhalle to this day. Since 1987, Augustiner is the only brewery of the 6 featured at Oktoberfest, to exclusively pour from their wooden barrels.

Distribution and marketing
Augustiner beer is normally found within the Greater Munich area, but in the last few years it has become popular outside Munich, for example in Berlin, where it is one of the most successful beers in Mitte, even though the company does not advertise. When most German breweries updated their bottles to a slim and more modern design to give their beer a more classy and less old fashioned appearance, Augustiner stuck with its original "classic" form, often nicknamed the "Bauarbeiterhalbe" (construction worker's half litre). The labels have also not changed in over 20 years. The success of the brand has been attributed to the traditional "retro" image it enjoys as one of the last major breweries in Munich that is not owned by an international beer conglomerate; Augustiner-Bräu is 51%-owned by a charitable foundation. Augustiner-Bräu operates a beer tent at the Oktoberfest, as well as owning one of Munich's largest beer gardens, the Augustiner-Keller at Arnulfstraße 52, and several traditional bars throughout the city.

It is imported into United States by Global Village Imports, LLC. of King of Prussia, PA. Since distribution is very limited, only Augustiner Edelstoff, Maximator, and Lagerbier Hell are available.

Beers
All of Augustiner′s brands are brewed in accordance with the Reinheitsgebot. This means the ingredients of the beer are just four: water, grain (barley and or wheat), hops and yeast.
 * Augustiner Lagerbier Hell (5.2%), a pale lager.
 * Edelstoff, a slightly brighter, sweeter, more sparkly and stronger (5.6%) lager.
 * Augustiner Dunkel, a malty dark lager.
 * Augustiner Pils, a Pilsner lager.
 * Augustiner Weißbier.
 * Oktoberfestbier (6.3%), a Märzen, brewed for Oktoberfest. Augustiner′s Oktoberfest beer and Edelstoff are the only beers at the festival that are still served from wooden barrels.
 * Maximator, a Doppelbock. Brewed to coincide with Lent, this is a strong dark lager  (7.5%).
 * Heller Bock, a strong pale lager (7.2%), available in May and June.

title: Augustiner-Bräu


text: Category:Churches in Israel

title: Category:Churches in Israel


title: User:Brequinda/page007


text:
Hatay (disambiguation)

Hatay Province is the southernmost province in Turkey.

Hatay may also refer to:

 * Hatay State or Republic of Hatay, a 1938–1939 transnational political entity
 * Hatay Subregion, an area of Turkey comprising Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Osmaniye Provinces
 * Hatay (electoral district), a constituency of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
 * Hatay Airport, in Hatay Province
 * Hatay, Konak, a district of İzmir, Turkey
 * Hatay (İzmir Metro), a railway station

title: Hatay (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Hammer (disambiguation)

perhaps reference Charles Martel in this disambiguation listing.Xiaou 23:45, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Hammer Movie
Can someone make a page on the movie Hammer starring Pam Grier from United Artists?

King Shadeed

title: Talk:Hammer (disambiguation)


text:
Pilot report

A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft. Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature, icing, turbulence) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures). This information is usually relayed by radio to the nearest ground station, but other options (e.g. electronic submission) also exist in some regions. The message would then be encoded and relayed to other weather offices and air traffic service units.

Although the actual form used to record the PIREP may differ from one country to another, the standards and criteria will remain almost the same. At a minimum the PIREP must contain a header, aircraft location, time, flight level, aircraft type and one other field.

In recent years, a PIREP will also include UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent.

Mandatory

 * UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine or urgent (In Canada this is indicated by the prefix to the PIREP: "UACN01" for an urgent PIREP or "UACN10" for a normal PIREP)
 * /OV location of the PIREP, in relation to a NAVAID, an aerodrome or geographical coordinates
 * /TM time the PIREP was received from the pilot (UTC)
 * /FL flight level or altitude above sea level at the time the PIREP is filed; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports
 * /TP aircraft type; it is essential for turbulence and icing reports

Optional (at least one is required)

 * /SK sky cover
 * /TA ambient temperature; important for icing reports
 * /WV wind vector referenced in terms of true north (ICAO), or magnetic north (in the United States)
 * /TB turbulence; intensity, whether it occurred in or near clouds, and duration
 * /IC icing
 * /RM remarks
 * /WX flight visibility and weather

AIREP
Like PIREPs, Aircraft Reports (AIREP) are reports of actual weather conditions of an aircraft in flight. AIREPs are often automated reports, contrary to PIREPs. Likewise, a different encoding is used for either type.

Body
The message identifier "UA" is used when the PIREP contains non-hazardous weather information. If the PIREP contains a report of a tornado, funnel cloud, waterspout, severe turbulence, severe icing, hail, or a low-level wind shear hazard, the identifier "UUA" would be used.

The location (/OV) can be reported in one of three ways: as a direction and distance from a navigation aid (NAVAID), as a direction and distance from an airport, or as the latitude and longitude of the aircraft.

The time (/TM) used is the UTC time that the PIREP is reported.

The flight level (/FL) is reported as either a three digit value that indicates the altitude of the aircraft above sea level in hundreds of feet or can be one of three abbreviations: DURD (during descent or on approach), DURC (during climb or after takeoff) and UNKN (unknown).

Aircraft type (/TP) will be the approved ICAO designator, or UNKN if not reported.

Sky cover (/SK) is used to report the cloud layer amounts and the height of the cloud base. The tops of the cloud layers can also be included, as can more than one layer of cloud. Heights are in hundreds of feet above sea level and are three digits. Abbreviations used in this group are "CLR" (clear), "FEW" (few), "SCT" (scattered), "BKN" (broken) and "OVC" (overcast).

Temperature (/TA) is the air temperature in whole degrees Celsius as a two-digit value, with negative temperatures preceded by a minus (-) sign. In the United States, negative temperatures are preceded by the letter M (M).

Wind velocity (/WV) must contain both the wind speed and direction. Direction is reported as a three-digit value in whole degrees true and the wind speed in knots also in three digits.

Turbulence (/TB) and the intensity are reported in a PIREP based on the aircraft and occupants reaction to the turbulence. The altitude of the turbulence should be included using three-digit groups. When the top or the base of the turbulence is unknown then the abbreviation BLO (below) or ABV (above) should be used. Turbulence should be reported as LGT (light), MDT (moderate), SVR (severe) or in exceptional cases EXTRM (extreme). Clear-air turbulence is reported as CAT.

Icing (/IC) is reported by type and the intensity or rate of accretion. The type of ice is reported as "CLR" (clear), "RIME", or "MXD" (mixed). The intensity is reported as "TR" (trace), "LGT" (light), "MDT" (moderate), and "SVR" (severe). (Units are measured in MSL - MEAN SEA LEVEL)

Remarks (/RM) report on other weather conditions that are not covered in the rest of the PIREP may include such things as icing in precipitation, thunderstorms, St. Elmo's fire and frontal conditions. There are many other types of weather conditions that could be reported in a PIREP.

The above explanation of PIREP fields is Canadian. The United States version may also include a weather (/WX) group, while other countries may use other groups and measurements.

Examples of PIREPs
These examples are taken from the Canadian MANOBS (Manual of Surface Weather Observations) published by Environment Canada.

 * PIREP:
 * UACN10 CYQT 192128
 * YZ WG
 * UA /OV YSP 090025 /TM 2120 /FL050 /TP BE99 /SK 020BKN040 110OVC /TA -14 /WV 030045 /TB MDT CAT 060-080 /IC LGT RIME 020-040 /RM LGT FZRA INC

 * Decoded as:
 * Routine upper air report from Thunder Bay issued at 2128 UTC on the 19th of the month
 * YZ is Toronto and WG is Winnipeg: these are the Flight Information Regions where the PIREP was issued
 * Aircraft observation was 25 nmi east (090 degrees radial) of the Marathon VOR/DME at 2120 UTC. The aircraft was at 5,000 ft and is a Beech 99. The clouds were broken at 2,000 ft AMSL with tops at 4,000 ft and an overcast layer at 11,000 ft AMSL. The temperature is −14 degrees Celsius and the winds are from the northeast (030 degrees true) at 45 knots. There is moderate clear air turbulence between 6,000 ft and 8,000 ft. There is light rime icing between 2,000 ft and 4,000 ft. Note this would indicate that the icing is picked up in the cloud. The remarks section says that light freezing rain was encountered in the cloud.

 * PIREP
 * UACN10 CYXU 032133
 * YZ
 * UA /OV YUX 09010 /TM 2120 /FL030 /TP C172 /TB MDT /RM MDT TURB BLO 050 CYKF CYXU

 * Decoded as:
 * Routine message from London, issued at 2133 UTC on the 3rd of the month
 * The Flight Information Region is Toronto
 * The aircraft was 10 nmi east (090 degrees radial) of the London VOR at 2120 UTC. The aircraft was at 3,000 ft and was a Cessna 172. The pilot reported moderate turbulence. The remarks says that the turbulence was below 5,000 ft between Kitchener/Waterloo and London.

Soliciting PIREPs
In the US, air traffic controllers are required to solicit PIREPs upon request of other facilities or pilots, or when any of the following conditions exists or is forecast in their area:

 * Ceilings at or below 5,000 ft
 * Visibility at or less than 5 mi
 * Thunderstorms and related phenomena
 * Turbulence of moderate degree or greater
 * Icing of light degree or greater
 * Wind shear
 * Volcanic ash clouds

At least once hourly, terminal controllers must obtain a descent/climb-out PIREP, including cloud information and other related phenomena.

title: Pilot report


text:
Limington

Limington, also archaeically Lymington, is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Yeovilton and District, in Somerset, England, situated 5 mi north of Yeovil in the South Somerset district. The parish has a population of 199. The parish included the hamlet of Draycott.

It lies near the left bank of the River Yeo opposite Yeovilton.

History
The name of the village means settlement on a stream from Lymn a Celtic word for stream or river.

Before the Norman Conquest the manor was held by Glastonbury Abbey. It then passed to the Courcelles family. The parish of Limington was part of the Stone Hundred.

William Rosewell purchased the manor in 1564 and it was inherited by subsequent generations: William Rosewell of Forde Abbey (1563-1593); Sir Henry Rosewell (1593-1656); and Dame Dorothy Rosewell (1656-1663). Dorothy Rosewell was forced by act of Parliament to sell Limington manor in 1663. The manor was then purchased by James Tazewell who re-built the manor house in 1672. He died in 1683 leaving the manor to his eldest son, James. In 1689 James Tazewell sold it to Virtue Radford and Edward Allen.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

On 1 March 2022 the parish was merged with Yeovilton to form "Yeovilton and District".

Religious sites
The Anglican Church of St Mary dates from the late 14th century and includes fragments of an earlier building. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

Thomas Wolsey was the vicar of the parish before becoming a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII.

title: Limington


text:
Long Load

Long Load is a village and parish in Somerset, England, situated on the River Yeo 5 mi south of Somerton in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 332.

History
Long Load was recorded as ‘Lade’ in the late 12th century and ‘La Lade’ in 1285 meaning The watercourse or drainage channel from the Old English ‘lād’ or The long route (from) where goods were carried from the Old English lang and laed. It has also been suggested that the name derives from O.E. lad meaning a water-course.

Long Load's association with the river is long standing. A bridge over the river is known to have existed by 1335, while by 1448 there were wharves for the loading and unloading of cargoes from boats using the river. The current five arch bridge has medieval origins, but was rebuilt in the 18th century and widened in 1814 it cost of £452. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and has been designated as a Grade II* Listed building.

The river was the subject of the abortive Ivelchester and Langport Navigation in 1795, and although the works were never completed, traffic on the river was sufficient for the coal merchants Stukey and Bagehot to establish a coal yard near the bridge by 1824. Water levels were improved by work on the river below Langport, and the 1841 census records that a salt house had been constructed. By then, 88 households lived in Long Load, including a boatman called William Gillett and his family, while another boatman lived near the bridge. Cargoes arriving at the wharves included slates, bricks, tiles and coal, while the main export was timber.

The parish was created from the northern parts of the Martock parish in 1895, and was originally 'called Lade', or 'La Lade' taken from the Saxon word lade, meaning water course.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Religious sites
In 1548 Long Load chapel was first mentioned, when it was one of the tithings of the parish of Martock. The first solid evidence of a church on the present site is a tablet in the vestry dated 1733, which states that lands were added here at that time.

The Anglican parish Christ Church was built in 1854–1856, by Charles Edmund Giles, replacing a chapel on the site which was first recorded 1418.

The church at Long Load is no longer in use as a church by the parish and has now been sold and is in the process of being redeveloped into a family home.

title: Long Load


text:
Chaim Halberstam

Chaim Halberstam of Sanz (1793–1876) (חיים הלברשטאם מצאנז), known as the Divrei Chaim after the title of his writings, was the rabbi of Sanz (Nowy Sącz), and the founding rebbe of the Sanz dynasty of hasidic Judaism.

Life
Halberstam was a pupil of Rabbi Sholom Rokeach of Belz, Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Heshl Orenstein and Rabbi Naftali Tzvi of Ropshitz. His first rabbinical position was in Rudnik. In 1830 he was appointed as the town rabbi of Sanz, where he founded a Hasidic dynasty. He attracted many followers and students, due to his piety and greatness. Sanz has been succeeded nowadays by the Sanz-Klausenberg, Sanz-Zmigrad, Tshakover (Chokover) Hasidic dynasties, and the Bobov Hasidic dynasties, among others.

Family life
Halberstam was born in 1793, in Tarnogród, today Poland. His first wife Rochel Feyga was the daughter of Rabbi Boruch Frenkl-Thumim (1760–1828), the rabbi of Lipník nad Bečvou (לייפניק Leipnik) and author of the work Boruch Taam. They had five sons and three daughters. When she died he then married her sister, who died childless. His third wife was Rechil Devorah Unger, daughter of Rabbi Yechil Tzvi Unger, son of Rabbi Mordechai Dovid Unger of Dombrov; they had three sons and four daughters.

Halberstam had eight sons and seven daughters. His eight sons were:

 * Rabbi Yechezkel Shraga Halberstam (1814–1898) of Shinove
 * Rabbi Dovid Halberstam (1821–1894) of Chrzanów
 * Rabbi Myer Noson Halberstam (1827–1855), father of Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam, the first Bobover Rebbe
 * Rabbi Aharon Halberstam (1828-1903) his successor in Nowy Sącz
 * Rabbi Boruch Halberstam (1829–1906) of Gorlice (גארליץ)
 * Rabbi Shulem Lazer Halberstam of Ratzfert (1861–1944), who was murdered by the Nazis in the Holocaust
 * Rabbi Yeshaye Halberstam of Czchów (Yiddish: טשחויוו Tshkhoiv) (1864–1944), who was also murdered by the Nazis.
 * Aryeh Leibish Halberstam died aged 7

Halberstam's sons all became famous rebbes (except for Myer Noson, who predeceased him). His seven daughters all married Hasidic leaders.

Halberstam died in Sanz, Austria-Hungary (now Poland) in 1876 (25 Nisan 5636).

Leadership
Halberstam was acclaimed by the leading rabbis of his generation as one of the foremost Talmudists, poskim and Kabbalistic authorities of his time, he received queries from Rabbis and communities from all over the world. His responsa, as well as his Torah commentaries, published under the title Divrei Chaim, reflect his Torah greatness, his humility, and his compassionate nature. He was a champion of the poor and established many organizations to relieve them of their poverty. He was the first Honorary President of Kolel Chibas Yerushalayim. His compassion and generosity was legendary; he literally gave away everything he had for the needy; and went to sleep penniless.

During his 46 years as Rabbi of Sanz; that city was transformed into a vibrant center of Hasidism, attracting tens of thousands of followers. Among his many disciples, are counted such leaders as Rabbi Zvi Hirsh Friedlander of Liska, the Tiferes Shlome of Radomsk, Rabbi Abraham Judah ha-Kohen Schwartz, Rabbi Meir Horowitz of Dzhikov, and the Kedishes Yom Tov of Sighet. He studied with his brother-in-law, Yosef Babad, author of the Minchat Chinuch.

title: Chaim Halberstam


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Wikipedia talk:Standardize spellings

Er, so which one of these is it gong to be? The two are mutually exclusive. Redirect says redirects should go for "Other spellings, other punctuation" so that is policy anyway. Standardise spellings has been rejected. So, er, what is your point? Dunc|☺ 12:00, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

I agree. I re-read this proposal several times and I STILL haven't found the proposal. In my opinion, this problem still needs to be addressed, although a good option still has yet to be presented.

Juppiter 18:35, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

The search engine problem can be easily fixed without changing the pages at all. It's a simple matter of having multiple spellings for words in a database and searching for all versions of a word when one is searched for. Misspellings could be handled by the same system. Once this is done, the other million and one problems with the search engine can be fixed... matturn 05:53, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't understand why this is being made into such a huge issue. Retain MOS:TIES, but in the case that an article doesn't have any real ties (science, etc.), use Oxford spelling. It's the most etymologically correct, most neutral, most international version of English used by almost every international organization. In terms of vocabulary, keep the current policy where you follow the standard that's already been established in the article. Supporting multiple variants of spelling is absolutely foolish in my opinion. Getsnoopy (talk) 17:33, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Standardize spellings