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2006 New Brunswick general election

The 2006 New Brunswick general election was held on September 18, 2006, to elect 55 members to the 56th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.

The campaign came earlier than expected: the incumbent Premier of New Brunswick, Bernard Lord, had pledged a vote would be held on October 15, 2007 but when the ruling Progressive Conservatives faced a loss of its majority in the legislature, Lord said he did not want to face a minority government and, moreover, feared that a by-election could tip the balance of power to the opposition Liberals.

The campaign was hard-fought with pundits and pollsters calling it too close to call throughout the five-week campaign. In the end, it was won by the Liberals led by Shawn Graham. The Liberals won 29 seats to 26 for the Progressive Conservatives, although the Progressive Conservatives won a plurality of the popular vote (47.5% to 47.2%).

Unusually, the Liberals won 17 of the 36 predominantly anglophone ridings, their best showing in a competitive election in English New Brunswick since the 1944 election. The Conservatives conversely did better than they have ever done while losing an election among Francophone ridings.

Overview
Following the report of the Commission on Legislative Democracy in December 2004, which recommended fixed election dates beginning on October 15, 2007, Premier Bernard Lord pledged to introduce legislation fixing election dates, beginning on that date. Due to this, and because it is tradition in New Brunswick to hold elections every four years, the Progressive Conservative government and media had routinely referred to this as the "2007 election" through early 2006. The opposition Liberals however always pledged to try to force an early election.

From February through May 2006, it seemed possible that the Liberals might be successful in their goal as on February 17, 2006 Michael Malley left the Progressive Conservative caucus creating a minority government situation, Malley later became Speaker and, as Speaker, controversially rejoined the government caucus. The situation remained difficult for some time as the Liberals gained control of several key committees upon Malley's defection and would not return control to the government as they did not recognize Malley's change of affiliation while speaker. On May 30, 2006, the House reaffirmed its confidence in Malley in a vote and on May 31, 2006 the government and opposition announced a truce to allow the House to function more easily including a legislative calendar through 2007. As a result, it seemed unlikely that the government would fall prior to its chosen date to go to the polls.

However, Peter Mesheau, a Progressive Conservative MLA who had already announced that he would not run for re-election, said he would have to resign his seat as he had accepted a job in the private sector. Lord said that he would not face another hung parliament and announced on August 10, 2006 that he would seek an election date of September 18. On August 18, Lord asked Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson to dissolve the legislature and set the election date.

The emerging key issues of the campaign seem to be leadership and energy prices. The Progressive Conservatives have for some years questioned the leadership abilities of Shawn Graham, the leader of the opposition while the Liberals have been focusing on energy in general as a theme for some time. Moreover, energy has come to the forefront due to the introduction of gas price regulation by Lord's government on July 1, 2006, and the Liberals announced their energy platform prior to the beginning of the campaign.

This election was the first campaign since the 1987 election in which Elizabeth Weir did not lead the smaller social democratic New Democratic Party (NDP). In 2005, Weir stepped down after seventeen years as NDP leader. She was succeeded by Fredericton-based social activist Allison Brewer, who stood for election in the riding of Fredericton-Lincoln.

The Progressive Conservative party were again led by Bernard Lord and the Liberal Party by Shawn Graham.

The campaign was derided by journalists and political scientists as boring in part because much of the campaign was before Labour Day when many families were still taking summer holidays and also because the overall aspects of the two main parties were similar.

There were three English language debates and two French languages debates with some being declared draws, some wins for Lord and some wins for Graham by the experts. Opinion polls showed the Conservatives with a lead in the early days of the campaign but the last few weeks showed ties or slight edges to the Liberals within the margin of error.

On election day, Shawn Graham and the Liberals won the most seats, however, they lost the popular vote. Bernard Lord was the first premier not elected to a third term since Hugh John Flemming lost his bid for a third term in the 1960 election while the NDP suffered a considerable blow being shut out of the legislature despite having won a seat in 5 of the last 6 elections and seeing their popular vote slip 4% to their worst showing since the 1974 election.

Issues
The Fredericton Daily Gleaner reported on August 11, 2006 that they had asked the leaders of each party for what they thought the key issues of the campaign would be:
 * Benard Lord, PC Leader: jobs, the economy, health care and senior care
 * Shawn Graham, Liberal Leader: education, economic development and energy
 * Allison Brewer, NDP Leader: high energy prices

An opinion poll, conducted for CTV Atlantic by the Innovative Research Group the last week of the campaign found the follow issues were top of mind for voters:
 * Health Care (22%)
 * Education (11%)
 * Jobs/Unemployment (10%)
 * Gas Prices/Oil (8%)
 * Political Leaders/Leadership (4%)
 * Senior Care/Nursing Homes (4%)
 * Taxes/Taxation (3%)
 * Cost of living/Inflation (3%)
 * Social Issues (2%)

Results by party
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party !rowspan="2"|Party leader !rowspan="2"|# of candidates !colspan="4"|Seats !colspan="3"|Popular vote
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * - style="background-color:#CCCCCC"
 * style="text-align:center;" |2003
 * style="text-align:center;" | Dissolution
 * style="text-align:center;" |Elected
 * style="text-align:center;" |% Change
 * style="text-align:center;" |#
 * style="text-align:center;" |%
 * style="text-align:center;" |Change

 * style="text-align:left;" |Shawn Graham
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |26
 * style="text-align:right;" |26
 * style="text-align:right;" |29
 * style="text-align:right;" |+11.5%
 * style="text-align:right;" |176,410
 * style="text-align:right;" |47.1%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+2.7%

 * style="text-align:left;" |Bernard Lord
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |28
 * style="text-align:right;" |28
 * style="text-align:right;" |26
 * style="text-align:right;" |-7.1%
 * style="text-align:right;" |177,744
 * style="text-align:right;" |47.5%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+2.1%

 * style="text-align:left;" |Allison Brewer
 * style="text-align:right;" |48
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |0
 * style="text-align:right;" |0
 * style="text-align:right;" |-100%
 * style="text-align:right;" |19,212
 * style="text-align:right;" |5.1%
 * style="text-align:right;" |-4.6%

 * style="text-align:right;" |4
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |1
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |
 * style="text-align:right;" |935
 * style="text-align:right;" |0.2%
 * style="text-align:right;" |+0.1%
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="3" |Total
 * style="text-align:right;" |162
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |55
 * style="text-align:right;" |-
 * style="text-align:right;" |374,301
 * colspan="2"|100%
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="11" |Source: http://www.gnb.ca/elections
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="11" |Source: http://www.gnb.ca/elections
 * }
 * }
 * }

Results by riding
Many new and changed districts will be used for the first time in this election as a result of an electoral redistribution.

Legend
 * bold denotes cabinet minister or party leader
 * italics denotes a potential candidate who has not received his/her party's nomination
 * † denotes an incumbent who is not running for re-election
 * * denotes an incumbent seeking re-election in a new district

Northeast

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|1. Campbellton-Restigouche Centre
 * Greg Davis 3,248 (43.4%)
 * Roy Boudreau 4,232 (56.6%)
 * Roy Boudreau
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|2. Dalhousie-Restigouche East
 * Ronald Barriault 2,081 (25.9%)
 * Donald Arseneault 5,502 (68.5%)
 * Lyndsey Gallant 454 (5.6%)
 * Donald Arseneault
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|3. Nigadoo-Chaleur
 * Gérard Mallais 2,597 (35.7%)
 * Roland Haché 4,311 (59.5%)
 * Lucie Desaulnier 334 (4.6%)
 * Roland Haché
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|4. Bathurst
 * Nancy McKay 3,037 (46.1%)
 * Brian Kenny 3,224 (48.9%)
 * Blair Lindsay 328 (5.0%)
 * Brian Kenny
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|5. Nepisiguit
 * Gerry Legere 2,448 (42.3%)
 * Cheryl Lavoie 2,844 (49.2%)
 * Charles Fournier 489 (8.5%)
 * Frank Branch†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|6. Caraquet
 * Claude L'Espérance 1,677 (23.2%)
 * Hédard Albert 4,580 (63.4%)
 * Stéphane Doiron 966 (13.4%)
 * Hédard Albert
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|7. Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou
 * Paul Robichaud 4,348 (57.5%)
 * Denis Roussel 2,795 (37.0%)
 * Juliette Paulin 418 (5.5%)
 * Paul Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|8. Centre-Péninsule-Saint-Sauveur
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,235 (43.9%)
 * Denis Landry 4,142 (56.1%)
 * Denis Landry
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|9. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Claude Landry 4,043 (53.4%)
 * Serge Rousselle 3,281 (43.3%)
 * Stephane Richardson (Ind.) 250 (3.3%)
 * Elvy Robichaud†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Miramichi Bay-Neguac
 * Guy Vautour 1,963 (28.7%)
 * Carmel Robichaud 3,083 (45.1%)
 * Roger Duguay 1,791 (26.2%)
 * Carmel Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|11. Miramichi-Bay du Vin
 * Michael Malley 2,720 (38.4%)
 * Bill Fraser 4,187 (59.1%)
 * Dwayne Hancock 181 (2.6%)
 * Michael Malley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|12. Miramichi Centre
 * George Smith 2,732 (40.6%)
 * John Foran 3,747 (55.6%)
 * Douglas Mullin 258 (3.8%)
 * John Foran
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Southwest Miramichi
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Hédard Albert 4,580 (63.4%)
 * Stéphane Doiron 966 (13.4%)
 * Hédard Albert
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|7. Lamèque-Shippagan-Miscou
 * Paul Robichaud 4,348 (57.5%)
 * Denis Roussel 2,795 (37.0%)
 * Juliette Paulin 418 (5.5%)
 * Paul Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|8. Centre-Péninsule-Saint-Sauveur
 * Louis-Philippe McGraw 3,235 (43.9%)
 * Denis Landry 4,142 (56.1%)
 * Denis Landry
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|9. Tracadie-Sheila
 * Claude Landry 4,043 (53.4%)
 * Serge Rousselle 3,281 (43.3%)
 * Stephane Richardson (Ind.) 250 (3.3%)
 * Elvy Robichaud†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Miramichi Bay-Neguac
 * Guy Vautour 1,963 (28.7%)
 * Carmel Robichaud 3,083 (45.1%)
 * Roger Duguay 1,791 (26.2%)
 * Carmel Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|11. Miramichi-Bay du Vin
 * Michael Malley 2,720 (38.4%)
 * Bill Fraser 4,187 (59.1%)
 * Dwayne Hancock 181 (2.6%)
 * Michael Malley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|12. Miramichi Centre
 * George Smith 2,732 (40.6%)
 * John Foran 3,747 (55.6%)
 * Douglas Mullin 258 (3.8%)
 * John Foran
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Southwest Miramichi
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Stephane Richardson (Ind.) 250 (3.3%)
 * Elvy Robichaud†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|10. Miramichi Bay-Neguac
 * Guy Vautour 1,963 (28.7%)
 * Carmel Robichaud 3,083 (45.1%)
 * Roger Duguay 1,791 (26.2%)
 * Carmel Robichaud
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|11. Miramichi-Bay du Vin
 * Michael Malley 2,720 (38.4%)
 * Bill Fraser 4,187 (59.1%)
 * Dwayne Hancock 181 (2.6%)
 * Michael Malley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|12. Miramichi Centre
 * George Smith 2,732 (40.6%)
 * John Foran 3,747 (55.6%)
 * Douglas Mullin 258 (3.8%)
 * John Foran
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Southwest Miramichi
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Bill Fraser 4,187 (59.1%)
 * Dwayne Hancock 181 (2.6%)
 * Michael Malley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|12. Miramichi Centre
 * George Smith 2,732 (40.6%)
 * John Foran 3,747 (55.6%)
 * Douglas Mullin 258 (3.8%)
 * John Foran
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Southwest Miramichi
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Douglas Mullin 258 (3.8%)
 * John Foran
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|13. Southwest Miramichi
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Brent Taylor 2,844 (44.5%)
 * Rick Brewer 3,327 (52.1%)
 * Lydia Calhoun 217 (3.4%)
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * Rick Brewer
 * }
 * }

Southeast

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|14. Rogersville-Kouchibouguac
 * Rose-May Poirier 4,332 (55.5%)
 * Emery Comeau 3,112 (39.9%)
 * Oscar Doucet 356 (4.6%)
 * Rose-May Poirier
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|15. Kent
 * Aldéo Saulnier 3,060 (45.0%)
 * Shawn Graham 3,534 (51.9%)
 * Graham Cox 209 (3.1%)
 * Shawn Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|16. Kent South
 * Claude Williams 4,890 (58.5%)
 * Nadine Hébert 3,463 (41.5%)
 * Claude Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|17. Shediac-Cap-Pelé
 * Leo Doiron 3,639 (40.3%)
 * Victor Boudreau 5,116 (56.6%)
 * Richard Pellerin 283 (3.1%)
 * Victor Boudreau
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|18. Tantramar
 * Mike Olscamp 2,690 (54.4%)
 * John Higham 1,718 (34.7%)
 * Virgil Hammock 536 (10.8%)
 * Peter Mesheau†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|19. Memramcook-Lakeville-Dieppe
 * Fortunat Duguay 2,680 (39.3%)
 * Bernard LeBlanc 3,845 (56.4%)
 * Carl Bainbridge 287 (4.2%)
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|20. Dieppe Centre-Lewisville
 * Cy LeBlanc* 4,347 (48.8%)
 * Bruno Roy 4,289 (48.2%)
 * Valier Santerre 271 (3.0%)
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|21. Moncton East
 * Bernard Lord 3,816 (54.8%)
 * Brian Gallant 2,827 (40.6%)
 * Mark Robar 319 (4.6%)
 * Bernard Lord
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|22. Moncton West
 * Joan MacAlpine-Stiles 3,317 (52.4%)
 * Gene Devereux 3,012 (47.6%)
 * Joan MacAlpine-Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|23. Moncton North
 * Marie-Claude Blais 2,469 (44.9%)
 * Mike Murphy 2,707 (49.2%)
 * Cindy Rix 326 (5.9%)
 * Mike Murphy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|24. Moncton Crescent
 * John Betts 4,271 (54.6%)
 * Shirley Smallwood 3,278 (41.9%)
 * Ian Thorn 283 (3.6%)
 * John Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|25. Petitcodiac
 * Wally Stiles 4,651 (65.0%)
 * Terry Keating 2,116 (29.6%)
 * Rebecca Lewis-Marshall 392 (5.5%)
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 4,326 (63.3%)
 * Ward White 2,302 (33.7%)
 * Richard Grant 202 (3.0%)
 * Bruce Fitch
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|20. Dieppe Centre-Lewisville
 * Cy LeBlanc* 4,347 (48.8%)
 * Bruno Roy 4,289 (48.2%)
 * Valier Santerre 271 (3.0%)
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|21. Moncton East
 * Bernard Lord 3,816 (54.8%)
 * Brian Gallant 2,827 (40.6%)
 * Mark Robar 319 (4.6%)
 * Bernard Lord
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|22. Moncton West
 * Joan MacAlpine-Stiles 3,317 (52.4%)
 * Gene Devereux 3,012 (47.6%)
 * Joan MacAlpine-Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|23. Moncton North
 * Marie-Claude Blais 2,469 (44.9%)
 * Mike Murphy 2,707 (49.2%)
 * Cindy Rix 326 (5.9%)
 * Mike Murphy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|24. Moncton Crescent
 * John Betts 4,271 (54.6%)
 * Shirley Smallwood 3,278 (41.9%)
 * Ian Thorn 283 (3.6%)
 * John Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|25. Petitcodiac
 * Wally Stiles 4,651 (65.0%)
 * Terry Keating 2,116 (29.6%)
 * Rebecca Lewis-Marshall 392 (5.5%)
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 4,326 (63.3%)
 * Ward White 2,302 (33.7%)
 * Richard Grant 202 (3.0%)
 * Bruce Fitch
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Marie-Claude Blais 2,469 (44.9%)
 * Mike Murphy 2,707 (49.2%)
 * Cindy Rix 326 (5.9%)
 * Mike Murphy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|24. Moncton Crescent
 * John Betts 4,271 (54.6%)
 * Shirley Smallwood 3,278 (41.9%)
 * Ian Thorn 283 (3.6%)
 * John Betts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|25. Petitcodiac
 * Wally Stiles 4,651 (65.0%)
 * Terry Keating 2,116 (29.6%)
 * Rebecca Lewis-Marshall 392 (5.5%)
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 4,326 (63.3%)
 * Ward White 2,302 (33.7%)
 * Richard Grant 202 (3.0%)
 * Bruce Fitch
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Wally Stiles 4,651 (65.0%)
 * Terry Keating 2,116 (29.6%)
 * Rebecca Lewis-Marshall 392 (5.5%)
 * Wally Stiles
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|26. Riverview
 * Bruce Fitch 4,326 (63.3%)
 * Ward White 2,302 (33.7%)
 * Richard Grant 202 (3.0%)
 * Bruce Fitch
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Ward White 2,302 (33.7%)
 * Richard Grant 202 (3.0%)
 * Bruce Fitch
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|27. Albert
 * Wayne Steeves 4,439 (70.0%)
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Clark Butland 1,902 (30.0%)
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * Wayne Steeves
 * }
 * }

Southwest

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|28. Kings East
 * Bruce Northrup 4,071 (57.2%)
 * LeRoy Armstrong 2,798 (39.3%)
 * Dana Brown 248 (3.5%)
 * LeRoy Armstrong
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|29. Hampton-Kings
 * Bev Harrison 4,195 (58.6%)
 * Linda Watson 1,787 (25.0%)
 * Pat Hanratty 918 (12.8%)
 * John Sabine (Ind.) 255 (3.6%)
 * Bev Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|30. Quispamsis
 * Brenda Fowlie 3,108 (44.0%)
 * Mary Schryer 3,625 (51.3%)
 * Lorena Henry 334 (4.7%)
 * Brenda Fowlie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|31. Saint John-Fundy
 * James Huttges 2,132 (37.8%)
 * Stuart Jamieson 3,124 (55.5%)
 * Mark LeBlanc 377 (6.7%)
 * Stuart Jamieson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|32. Rothesay
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney 2,853 (48.6%)
 * Paul Barry 2,765 (47.1%)
 * Troy Polchies 249 (4.2%)
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|33. Saint John East
 * Joe Mott 1,860 (32.9%)
 * Roly MacIntyre 3,406 (60.2%)
 * Maureen Michaud 394 (7.0%)
 * Roly MacIntyre
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|34. Saint John Harbour
 * Idee Inyangudor 1,139 (25.8%)
 * Ed Doherty 2,690 (60.9%)
 * Dan Robichaud 547 (12.4%)
 * David Raymond Amos (Ind.) 44 (1.0%)
 * Ed Doherty
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|35. Saint John Portland
 * Trevor Holder 2,987 (50.0%)
 * Colleen Knudson 2,710 (45.3%)
 * Claire Mudge 281 (4.7%)
 * Trevor Holder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|36. Saint John Lancaster
 * Peter Hyslop 2,499 (36.8%)
 * Abel LeBlanc 4,002 (59.0%)
 * Jennifer Carkner 283 (4.2%)
 * Abel LeBlanc
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Fundy-River Valley
 * Borden DeLong 2,594 (42.8%)
 * Jack Keir 2,793 (46.1%)
 * Percy Ward 285 (4.7%)
 * Colby Fraser (Ind.) 386 (6.4%)
 * Milt Sherwood†
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|38. Charlotte-The Isles
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Wayne Sturgeon 2,627 (40.3%)
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Rick Doucet 3,619 (55.6%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Sharon Greenlaw 267 (4.1%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * Rick Doucet
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Eric Allaby†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|39. Charlotte-Campobello
 * Tony Huntjens 3,157 (50.0%)
 * Robert Tinker 2,875 (45.3%)
 * Andrew Graham 312 (4.9%)
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Roly MacIntyre
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|34. Saint John Harbour
 * Idee Inyangudor 1,139 (25.8%)
 * Ed Doherty 2,690 (60.9%)
 * Dan Robichaud 547 (12.4%)
 * David Raymond Amos (Ind.) 44 (1.0%)
 * Ed Doherty
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|35. Saint John Portland
 * Trevor Holder 2,987 (50.0%)
 * Colleen Knudson 2,710 (45.3%)
 * Claire Mudge 281 (4.7%)
 * Trevor Holder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|36. Saint John Lancaster
 * Peter Hyslop 2,499 (36.8%)
 * Abel LeBlanc 4,002 (59.0%)
 * Jennifer Carkner 283 (4.2%)
 * Abel LeBlanc
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|37. Fundy-River Valley
 * Borden DeLong 2,594 (42.8%)
 * Jack Keir 2,793 (46.1%)
 * Percy Ward 285 (4.7%)
 * Colby Fraser (Ind.) 386 (6.4%)
 * Milt Sherwood†
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|38. Charlotte-The Isles
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Wayne Sturgeon 2,627 (40.3%)
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Rick Doucet 3,619 (55.6%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Sharon Greenlaw 267 (4.1%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * Rick Doucet
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Eric Allaby†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|39. Charlotte-Campobello
 * Tony Huntjens 3,157 (50.0%)
 * Robert Tinker 2,875 (45.3%)
 * Andrew Graham 312 (4.9%)
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Jack Keir 2,793 (46.1%)
 * Percy Ward 285 (4.7%)
 * Colby Fraser (Ind.) 386 (6.4%)
 * Milt Sherwood†
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|38. Charlotte-The Isles
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Wayne Sturgeon 2,627 (40.3%)
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Rick Doucet 3,619 (55.6%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Sharon Greenlaw 267 (4.1%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * Rick Doucet
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Eric Allaby†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|39. Charlotte-Campobello
 * Tony Huntjens 3,157 (50.0%)
 * Robert Tinker 2,875 (45.3%)
 * Andrew Graham 312 (4.9%)
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Eric Allaby†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|39. Charlotte-Campobello
 * Tony Huntjens 3,157 (50.0%)
 * Robert Tinker 2,875 (45.3%)
 * Andrew Graham 312 (4.9%)
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Robert Tinker 2,875 (45.3%)
 * Andrew Graham 312 (4.9%)
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * Tony Huntjens
 * }
 * }

Central

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|40. Oromocto
 * Jody Carr 3,181 (66.4%)
 * Shelby Mercer 1,451 (30.3%)
 * Stephen Beam 157 (3.3%)
 * Jody Carr
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|41. Grand Lake-Gagetown
 * Jack Carr 3,324 (45.7%)
 * Eugene McGinley* 3,545 (48.7%)
 * Helen Partridge 412 (5.7%)
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|42. Fredericton-Nashwaaksis
 * Mike Smith 3,698 (47.1%)
 * T.J. Burke* 3,855 (49.1%)
 * Aaron Doucette 304 (3.9%)
 * colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"|new district
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|43. Fredericton-Fort Nashwaak
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Heather Hughes 2,800 (42.3%)
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Kelly Lamrock 3,817 (57.7%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * T.J. Burke
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Kelly Lamrock
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|44. Fredericton-Lincoln
 * William Forrestall 2,427 (35.5%)
 * Greg Byrne 3,354 (49.0%)
 * Allison Brewer 1,057 (15.5%)
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|45. Fredericton-Silverwood
 * Brad Green 2,880 (40.1%)
 * Rick Miles 3,335 (47.4%)
 * Dennis Atchison 815 (11.6%)
 * Brad Green
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|46. New Maryland-Sunbury West
 * Keith Ashfield 3,222 (52.0%)
 * Les Smith 2,666 (43.0%)
 * Brecken Hancock 307 (5.0%)
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Carl Urquhart 3,100 (48.2%)
 * Trent Jewett 2,943 (45.8%)
 * Derek Simons 382 (5.9%)
 * Scott Targett†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. York North
 * Kirk MacDonald 4,061 (55.7%)
 * Larry Jewett 2,854 (39.1%)
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * William Forrestall 2,427 (35.5%)
 * Greg Byrne 3,354 (49.0%)
 * Allison Brewer 1,057 (15.5%)
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|new district
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|45. Fredericton-Silverwood
 * Brad Green 2,880 (40.1%)
 * Rick Miles 3,335 (47.4%)
 * Dennis Atchison 815 (11.6%)
 * Brad Green
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|46. New Maryland-Sunbury West
 * Keith Ashfield 3,222 (52.0%)
 * Les Smith 2,666 (43.0%)
 * Brecken Hancock 307 (5.0%)
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Carl Urquhart 3,100 (48.2%)
 * Trent Jewett 2,943 (45.8%)
 * Derek Simons 382 (5.9%)
 * Scott Targett†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. York North
 * Kirk MacDonald 4,061 (55.7%)
 * Larry Jewett 2,854 (39.1%)
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Les Smith 2,666 (43.0%)
 * Brecken Hancock 307 (5.0%)
 * Keith Ashfield
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|47. York
 * Carl Urquhart 3,100 (48.2%)
 * Trent Jewett 2,943 (45.8%)
 * Derek Simons 382 (5.9%)
 * Scott Targett†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. York North
 * Kirk MacDonald 4,061 (55.7%)
 * Larry Jewett 2,854 (39.1%)
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Derek Simons 382 (5.9%)
 * Scott Targett†
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|48. York North
 * Kirk MacDonald 4,061 (55.7%)
 * Larry Jewett 2,854 (39.1%)
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Kirk MacDonald 4,061 (55.7%)
 * Larry Jewett 2,854 (39.1%)
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Anne Leslie 379 (5.2%)
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * Kirk MacDonald
 * }
 * }

Northwest

 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|49. Woodstock
 * David Alward 3,867 (54.1%)
 * Art Slipp 2,936 (41.1%)
 * Garth Brewer 345 (4.8%)
 * David Alward
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|50. Carleton
 * Dale Graham 4,148 (64.1%)
 * Gwen Cullins-Jones 2,086 (32.2%)
 * Jason Robar 235 (3.6%)
 * Dale Graham
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|51. Victoria-Tobique
 * Chris McLaughlin 1,447 (25.6%)
 * Larry Kennedy 4,043 (71.6%)
 * Paul Kendal 153 (2.7%)
 * Larry Kennedy
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|52. Grand Falls-Drummond-Saint-André
 * Maurice Picard 2,733 (40.6%)
 * Ron Ouellette 3,752 (55.7%)
 * Pierre Cyr 254 (3.8%)
 * Ron Ouellette
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|53. Restigouche-La-Vallée
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Percy Mockler 3,835 (53.0%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Burt Paulin 2,806 (38.8%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Alain Martel 599 (8.3%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * Burt Paulin
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Percy Mockler
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|54. Edmundston-Saint-Basile
 * Madeleine Dubé 5,631 (71.6%)
 * Jean-Louis Johnson 2,000 (25.4%)
 * Michael Bosse 235 (3.0%)
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 4,268 (63.2%)
 * Élaine Albert 2,297 (34.0%)
 * Jeff Thibodeau 183 (2.7%)
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Pierre Cyr 254 (3.8%)
 * Ron Ouellette
 * rowspan="3" style="background:whitesmoke;"|53. Restigouche-La-Vallée
 * rowspan=3 |
 * rowspan=3|Percy Mockler 3,835 (53.0%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Burt Paulin 2,806 (38.8%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|Alain Martel 599 (8.3%)
 * rowspan=3|
 * rowspan=3|
 * Burt Paulin
 * colspan="2" style="background:whitesmoke; text-align:center;"|merged district
 * Percy Mockler
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|54. Edmundston-Saint-Basile
 * Madeleine Dubé 5,631 (71.6%)
 * Jean-Louis Johnson 2,000 (25.4%)
 * Michael Bosse 235 (3.0%)
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 4,268 (63.2%)
 * Élaine Albert 2,297 (34.0%)
 * Jeff Thibodeau 183 (2.7%)
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Madeleine Dubé 5,631 (71.6%)
 * Jean-Louis Johnson 2,000 (25.4%)
 * Michael Bosse 235 (3.0%)
 * Madeleine Dubé
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 4,268 (63.2%)
 * Élaine Albert 2,297 (34.0%)
 * Jeff Thibodeau 183 (2.7%)
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|55. Madawaska-les-Lacs
 * Jeannot Volpé 4,268 (63.2%)
 * Élaine Albert 2,297 (34.0%)
 * Jeff Thibodeau 183 (2.7%)
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Jeff Thibodeau 183 (2.7%)
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * Jeannot Volpé
 * }
 * }

Timeline

 * October 8, 2004 - Elizabeth Weir resigns as leader of the New Brunswick NDP after leading her party through four elections.
 * June 30, 2005 - The Electoral Boundaries and Representation Act is passed in the legislature, which sets forth a process under which the province will have new electoral districts.
 * July 21, 2005 - Environment & Local Government Minister Brenda Fowlie resigns from cabinet after the provincial ombudsman finds she had violated the privacy act in revealing personal information about Liberal MLA Stuart Jamieson.
 * September 25, 2005 - Allison Brewer is elected leader of the NDP at a leadership convention.
 * October 13, 2005 - Elizabeth Weir resigns her seat in the legislature, a by-election is called two days later for November 14. The Tories and Liberals both announce high-profile candidates and the media speculates that the winner of the by-election will have the momentum going into the general election.  Weir's NDP, which was caught without notice of her resignation, is expected by pundits to finish third.
 * October 31, 2005 - Family and Community Services Minister Tony Huntjens resigns after revealing the identity of an autistic man who is a ward of his department to the media.
 * November 14, 2005 - The Liberals win a by-election in a seat formerly held by NDP MLA Elizabeth Weir, defeating Conservative star candidate Michelle Hooton, who many considered the frontrunner, by a 2 to 1 margin.
 * January 7, 2006 - Over the course of his beginning of year interviews, Lord reveals that he will introduce legislation fixing election dates, beginning with a date in 2007.
 * February 14, 2006 - Lord announces a major cabinet shuffle moving over half of his ministers, changing several departments and dumping three of his most well-known ministers, two of whom say they are leaving as they will not be candidates in the next election. In the meantime, he adds former minister Brenda Fowlie back to cabinet and Speaker Bev Harrison who will have to resign from his non-partisan post.
 * February 17, 2006 - Progressive Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Michael Malley announces he will sit as an independent making the government a minority.
 * March 28, 2006 -
 * Independent MLA Michael Malley is elected Speaker of the legislature. This makes the standings of the ordinarily voting members of the legislature 27 Progressive Conservatives, 26 Liberals, 1 Independent.  Malley, as Speaker, would only vote in the case of a tie and, by tradition, would normally vote in favour of confidence motions.  Thus an election at a time other than Lord's choosing is unlikely.
 * Finance Minister Jeannot Volpe introduces what he calls a "super good budget" in which the government provides tax credits for heating costs, eliminates the Harmonized Sales Tax from heating costs, regulates the prices of gasoline and home heating oil, personal and small business tax cuts, investments in struggling forestry companies, hiring 240 more teachers for the public school system and no longer using the value of the homes of seniors as an offset to the level of support they can receive in a nursing home.
 * April 13, 2006 - Malley announces from the speaker's chair that he is rejoining the government caucus. Government House Leader Bev Harrison argues that this restores the government majority and that therefore, the Liberals should honour a previous agreement to preserve a working majority on committees of the whole.  The Liberals argued that it is improper for a speaker to change his affiliation and refuse to recognize the government as a majority.  The legislature becomes somewhat deadlocked as the government controls the primary debate of the chamber, but the opposition controls the votes at committees where legislation and budgetary estimates are approved.
 * May 1, 2006 - The Liberals offer to end the growing deadlock in the legislature by having Malley resign the speakership and placing one of their own members up for election as speaker. Under such an arrangement, the Conservatives would have 28 voting members, the Liberals 25 and the one independent Frank Branch.  In exchange for giving the government this working majority, they demand an election be held on September 25, 2006.  Lord rejects this offer.
 * May 30, 2006 - A Liberal motion to remove Malley from the speakership is defeated 27–25. The Liberals therefore accept the legitimacy of the Speaker becoming a member of the Progressive Conservative caucus.
 * May 31, 2006 - Government House Leader Bev Harrison and Opposition House Leader Kelly Lamrock announce an agreement to end the stalemate in the House. The Liberals, again recognizing the government's majority, will pair with the Speaker in Committees of the Whole and will guarantee passage of the budget by June 16.  In return, the government will allow the opposition to chair four committees, including a new committee on literacy, pass several opposition bills and hold fall sittings of the legislature.
 * June 12, 2006 - Corporate Research Associates, which conducts a quarterly opinion poll in New Brunswick, releases a survey conducted May 17 to June 6 showing that the Progressive Conservatives have taken a lead over the Liberals for the first time since August 2003.
 * June 20, 2006 - Lord announces he will introduce legislation fixing election dates on the third Monday of October beginning with an election on October 15, 2007.
 * August 1, 2006 - The New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal reports that former minister Peter Mesheau is set to resign from the legislature which would cause another minority government. Lord says he will not face another minority and will call an election if this happens.
 * August 8, 2006 - The Fredericton Daily Gleaner reports that Lord will meet Mesheau on August 11 and an election call is expected later that day.
 * August 10, 2006 - Bernard Lord confirms that the election will be held on September 18, 2006, although an election call is not expected until August 19.
 * August 14, 2006 - The Canadian Taxpayers Federation and the Liberals criticize Lord and his ministers for making election style announcements using government resources, something that would be forbidden after the election is formally called.
 * August 16, 2006 - The Liberal Party begins airing television and radio commercials and erecting billboards.
 * August 18, 2006 - Lord asks Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson to dissolve the legislature, one day earlier than he originally suggested he would catching the other parties off guard, and sets the election date for September 18.
 * September 1, 2006 - Candidate nominations are due. The Liberals and Progressive Conservatives field full slates in all 55 ridings, while the NDP, with 48 candidates, fails to do so for the first time since 1982.
 * September 5, 2006 - It is announced that Radio-Canada, the French language arm of CBC, will not provide simultaneous translation for NDP leader Allison Brewer in their televised debate. As a result, Brewer announces she will not participate, leaving only Bernard Lord and Shawn Graham in the French leader's debate.  All three leaders will participate in the English debate.  The NDP late files a complaint with the Radio-Canada ombudsman.
 * September 7, 2006:
 * The Liberals release their election platform entitled "Charter for Change"
 * The three leaders participate in an English leaders' debate on CBC and PC leader Bernard Lord and Liberal leader Shawn Graham participate in a French leaders' debate on Radio-Canada (the French arm of CBC). Both were pre-taped and air simultaneously.  Most pundits say that the debates will not sway many voters as there was no clear winner but some suggest Lord won the English debate while Graham won the French.
 * September 9, 2006 - The first day of advanced polls.
 * September 10, 2006 - Rogers Communications airs English and French debates live.
 * September 11, 2006:
 * The NDP releases their platform "Clear Voice, Clear Choice".
 * The second and final day of advanced polls. It is later reported that there is a 50% increase in advanced voter turnout over 2003.
 * September 12, 2006 - Corporate Research Associates releases a poll commissioned by L'Acadie Nouvelle which shows the Liberals at 44%, the PCs at 42% and the NDP at 10%.
 * September 13, 2006 - The Progressive Conservatives release their platform "Getting Results Together".
 * September 14, 2006 - Innovative Research Group releases a poll commissioned by CTV which shows the Liberals at 45%, the PCs at 43% and the NDP at 11%.
 * September 15, 2006 - Omnifacts Bristol releases a poll showing the PCs and Liberals tied at 46% with the NDP at 7%.
 * September 18, 2006 - Election Day, polls open at 10:00am local time and close at 8:00pm.
 * 8:51 PM: CTV Atlantic projects a Liberal majority government.
 * 8:54 PM: CBC projects a Liberal majority government.
 * September 20, 2006 - Premier-designate Shawn Graham meets with outgoing Premier Bernard Lord and appoints a transition team. The team will be chaired by Doug Tyler and consist of Tyler, Allan Maher and Donald Savoie.
 * October 3, 2006 - Graham and his cabinet are to be sworn in on this date.

Political parties

 * The ruling Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (PC Party) sought a third mandate and try to secure a larger, more workable majority government. They held 28 of 55 seats prior to dissolution and were led by Premier Bernard Lord who was fighting his third election as leader.  They won 26 seats in the election, becoming the official opposition.
 * The Conservatives used "Getting Results Together" for their campaign slogan.
 * The opposition New Brunswick Liberal Association returned to power after suffering their worst ever defeat and winning only 10 seats in 1999 election, and after coming within 10 votes in the riding of Kennebecasis of tying the PCs with 27 seats each in the 2003 election. They held 27 of 55 seats prior to dissolution and were led by Shawn Graham, who will fight his second election as leader.  They won 29 seats and formed the government.
 * The Liberals will be using "People for A Change" for their campaign slogan.
 * The New Brunswick New Democratic Party (NDP) fought its first election without Elizabeth Weir as the leader in almost two decades. Many New Brunswickers viewed the NDP and Weir as interchangeable.  Weir held the party's only seat in the legislature but she resigned and the Liberal won it in a by-election. The NDP elected Allison Brewer as their new leader on September 25, 2005, she tried to convince New Brunswickers that the NDP was not a one-woman-party.  Whether she achieved that goal or not is impossible to tell, but the results of the election were disappointing for the NDP, they failed to win any seats and had their lowest showing in the popular vote (5.1%) since the 1974 election.
 * The NDP used "Clear Voice, Clear Choice" as their campaign slogan.

Opinion polls
The only inter-election opinion polling regularly conducted in New Brunswick is by the Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Corporate Research Associates. Every CRA poll from the November 2003 to June 2006 showed the Liberals in the lead by varying amounts. However, their last pre-election poll, released on June 12, 2006, showed the Progressive Conservatives making a comeback with 45% to 39% for the Liberals and 9% for the NDP. The CRA poll conducted during the 2003 election campaign showed the Liberals and PCs tied at 41% each, the only polling company to predict the close result that became of that campaign.

Polls conducted during the election campaign - Figures represent decided voters

* This poll reused the same sample as the August 22–24 poll and is therefore not a random sampling and not technically an opinion poll.

title: 2006 New Brunswick general election


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DIY Soundsystem

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:49, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

DIY Soundsystem
Delete Fails WP:MUSIC criteria for notability, no allmusic page. See Circus Warp for a related article currently in vfd. Icelight 17:23, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Friday 20:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable group. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 03:35, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. — Fingers-of-Pyrex 03:38, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Escochris

General Stats

 * Live in California
 * Loves Early Jamaican Music.
 * Enjoys opera
 * Looking forward to experimenting with Wikipedia

title: User:Escochris


text:
Fast Infoset

Fast Infoset (or FI) is an international standard that specifies a binary encoding format for the XML Information Set (XML Infoset) as an alternative to the XML document format. It aims to provide more efficient serialization than the text-based XML format.

FI is effectively a lossless compression, analogous to gzip, for XML, except that while the original formatting is lost, no information is lost in the conversion from XML to FI, and back to XML. While the purpose of compression is to reduce physical data size, FI aims to optimize both document size and processing performance.

The Fast Infoset specification is defined by both the ITU-T and the ISO/IEC standards bodies. FI is officially defined in ''ITU-T Rec. X.891 and ISO/IEC 24824-1, and entitled Fast Infoset''. The standard was published by ITU-T on May 14, 2005, and by ISO on May 4, 2007. The Fast Infoset standard document can be downloaded from the ITU website. Though the document does not assert intellectual property (IP) restrictions on implementation or use, page ii warns that it has received notices and the subject may not be completely free of IP assertions.

A common misconception is that FI requires ASN.1 tool support. Although the formal specification uses ASN.1 notation, the standard includes Encoding Control Notation (ECN) and ASN.1 tools are not required by implementations.

An alternative to FI is FleXPath.

Structure
The underlying file format is ASN.1, with tag/length/value blocks. Text values of attributes and elements are stored with length prefixes rather than end delimiters, and data segments do not require escapement for special characters. The equivalent of end tags ("terminators") are needed only at the end of a list of child-elements. Binary data is transmitted in native format, and need not be converted to a transmission format such as base64.

Fast Infoset is a higher level format built on ASN.1 forms and notation. Element and attribute names are stored within the octet stream, unlike traditional ASN.1 encoding schemes. In consequence, The conventional XML file can be recovered from the binary stream without reference the XML Schema, and the XML Schema need not be expressed as an ASN.1 definition. (ASN.1 "Tags" are just type names, e.g. String, Integer, or complex types.) ASN.1 together with ECN is used to define the file format.

An index table is built for most strings, which includes element and attribute names, and their values. This means that the text of repeated tags and values only appears once per document.

Reference implementation
A Java implementation of the FI specification is available as part of the Eclipse Implementation of JAXB. The library is open source and is distributed under the terms of the Apache License 2.0. Several projects use this implementation, including the reference implementation for JAX-WS used in Eclipse Metro.

The QtitanFastInfoset implementation for C++ is available under commercial license as a component for the Qt framework.

Performance
Because Fast Infosets are compressed as part of the XML generation process, they are much faster than using Zip-style compression algorithms on an XML stream, although the output is not as well compressed.

SAX-type parsing performance of Fast Infoset is also much faster than parsing performance of XML 1.0, even without any Zip-style compression. Typical increases in parsing speed observed for the reference Java implementation are a factor of 10 over Java Xerces, and a factor of 4 over the Piccolo driver (one of the fastest Java-based XML parsers).

Typical applications
Portable devices – Mobile devices typically have low bandwidth data connections and slower CPUs. Fast Infoset uses less bandwidth than XML and is faster to process, making it a superior choice.

Storing large volumes of data – When storing XML to either file or database, the volume of data a system produces can often exceed reasonable limits, with a number of detriments: the access times go up as more data is read, CPU load goes up as XML data takes more power to process, and storage costs go up. By storing XML data in Fast Infoset format, data volume may be reduced by as much as 80 percent.

Passing XML through the Internet – When an application passes data over the internet, network bandwidth can be a major bottleneck, seriously degrading the performance of client applications and limiting the server's power to process requests. Reducing the size of data transferred across the internet reduces the time required to send or receive the message, and increases the number of transactions a server can process per hour.

title: Fast Infoset


text:
Michael Argyle

Michael Argyle may refer to:
 * Michael Argyle (judge) (1915–1999), British judge
 * Michael Argyle (psychologist) (1925–2002), British social psychologist

title: Michael Argyle


text: User talk:219.94.39.114

title: User talk:219.94.39.114


text:
Porcupine (album)

Porcupine is the third studio album by the English post-punk band Echo & the Bunnymen. First released on 4 February 1983, it became the band's highest-charting release when it reached number two on the UK Albums Chart despite initially receiving poor reviews. It also reached number 137 on the American Billboard 200, number 85 on the Canadian RPM 100 Albums and number 24 on the Swedish chart. In 1984, the album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry. The album includes the singles "The Back of Love" and "The Cutter."

Porcupine was recorded at Trident Studios in London, Rockfield Studios in South Wales and Amazon Studios in Liverpool. It was produced by Ian Broudie (credited as "Kingbird"), who had co-produced the band's first album, 1980's Crocodiles, and their second single, "Rescue." After being rejected by the band's label, the album was rerecorded with Shankar providing strings. It was originally released as an LP in 1983 before being reissued on CD in 1988. The album was reissued as a remastered and expanded CD in 2003, along with the other four of the band's first five studio albums. A VHS video called Porcupine – An Atlas Adventure was also released, containing six promotional videos of tracks from the album.

Background and recording
Following the release of Heaven Up Here in 1981, Echo & the Bunnymen had difficulty writing new material for their next album despite rehearsing five days each week at The Ministry, their rehearsal room in Liverpool. While lead singer Ian McCulloch still wanted them to be the best band in the world, bass player Les Pattinson was expressing his weariness with the music industry, drummer Pete de Freitas produced and played drums on Liverpool band the Wild Swans' debut single "Revolutionary Spirit" and lead guitarist Will Sergeant recorded a solo album of instrumental music called Themes for 'Grind'  (1982).

On 27 January 1982, Echo & the Bunnymen recorded their fourth session for British disc jockey John Peel's radio show on BBC Radio 1. Two of the tracks recorded for Peel would be rerecorded and renamed to appear on Porcupine: "An Equation" (renamed "Higher Hell") and "Taking Advantage" (renamed "The Back of Love"). Ian Broudie, Sergeant's flatmate and the co-producer of 1980's Crocodiles, was chosen to produce "The Back of Love" single and the Porcupine album, which had a working title of The Happy Loss. The single, which became the band's first UK Top 20 hit single, was recorded in early 1982 at Trident Studios in Soho, London, though the band's manager Bill Drummond had previously tried to keep the band away from the temptations of the city. During the recording session for "The Back of Love" the relationship among the band members was strained, so Drummond arranged an April 1982 tour in Scotland in an effort to make the band work harder, write songs and communicate with each other. His plan failed; following the tour, tension persisted among the band members. Two other album tracks, "Clay" and "My White Devil," were first played during the Scottish tour.

Following the release of "The Back of Love" on 21 May 1982, the band played at the inaugural WOMAD festival and then at various European music festivals throughout the summer. The band then resumed recording the album at Rockfield Studios in South Wales, which had been used for the band's first two albums, and also at Amazon Studios in Liverpool. According to de Freitas, recording the album was a slow process: "Porcupine was very hard to actually write and record [...] Heaven Up Here was pure confidence, we did it really quickly; we had a great time doing it – but this one was like we had to drag it out of ourselves." McCulloch later said that when recording the album, the mood among the band members was "horrible."

When presented with the finished album, WEA rejected it as "too uncommercial." The band agreed to rerecord the album despite Sergeant's complaints. Using the original version of the album as a blueprint, the follow-up recording sessions went more smoothly. Drummond brought Shankar back to add strings to the other tracks on the album. It was these sessions that produced the band's next single "The Cutter," which was released in January 1983 and went on to become the band's first Top 10 hit.

Porcupine – An Atlas Adventure
After Echo & the Bunnymen had finished recording Porcupine, they played a free show in early November 1982 for 20,000 people at Sefton Park in Liverpool. WEA then asked for three music videos and artwork for the new album. The band's lighting engineer Bill Butt was chosen to direct the videos and Brian Griffin was chosen to take the photographs for the album's cover, as he had done for the band's two previous albums. With a budget of £16,000, Butt determined that it would be possible to photograph the album cover and also produce a half-hour film. Wishing for the videos to reflect the frigid feel of the music on the album, Butt chose to shoot the videos in Scotland, but the lack of snow there in November caused him to change the location of the shoot to Iceland.

Filming took place on and near the frozen Gullfoss waterfall near Reykjavík. McCulloch said in 1993: "If we had slipped there wasn't anything for hundreds of feet below us." In 2001, Griffin said, "... the sun barely appeared the whole time we were there. To walk, stand up, or just think seemed a massive effort." British music magazine Q wrote in 2001: "The Porcupine cover is the epitome of rock band as heroic archetype – young men on some ill-defined but glorious mission, one easily as timeless as the stars and the sea." The filming was finished in December 1982 and the band performed songs from the album at their rehearsal room at The Ministry. Butt interspersed the performances with clips from the 1929 Russian documentary The Man With the Movie Camera and projected psychedelic watercolour effects onto the band. A VHS video was released by Castle Hendring in 1983 called Porcupine – An Atlas Adventure that contained six music videos: "In Bluer Skies", "The Cutter", "My White Devil", "Porcupine", "Heads Will Roll" and "The Back of Love."

Describing the album cover, journalist Dave Rimmer wrote in British music magazine Smash Hits: "Iceland does seem an appropriate location for this group. It's isolated, cold, bleak and fits perfectly with the moody image they've attracted to themselves."

Musical content
After WEA rejected the first version of the album, Shankar, who had played strings on "The Back of Love," was brought back by Drummond to add strings to the remainder of the album in an effort to brighten the production and to build on the success of the strings used on the single. When recording "The Cutter", Sergeant had asked Shankar if he could suggest the melody from Cat Stevens' 1967 hit "Matthew and Son".

In 1984, McCulloch said: "I think Porcupine was a classic autobiographical album, the most honest thing that I'd ever written or sung." Talking about how the album made him feel, he went on to say: "I found the material from it really heavy to play – like, really oppressive. That's the only reason why I didn't like the album. The songs were great but it didn't make me happy." He also said: "A lot of songs are about coming to terms with the opposites in me."

Releases
Porcupine was first released as an LP by Korova in the United Kingdom on 4 February 1983. It was subsequently released in the United States by Sire Records on 23 February 1983. The original album had ten tracks with five tracks on each side. Like Echo & the Bunnymen's previous album, the album cover was designed by Martyn Atkins and the photography was by Brian Griffin. The album was released on CD on 7 April 1988.

Along with the other four of the band's first five albums, Porcupine was remastered and reissued on CD in 2003 – these releases were marketed as 25th anniversary editions. Seven bonus tracks were added to the album: "Fuel" was the second B-side track on the 12-inch version of "The Back of Love"; alternate versions of "The Cutter", "My White Devil", "Porcupine", "Ripeness" and "Gods Will Be Gods" which were all early versions recorded during the album's sessions; and "Never Stop (Discotheque)" the 12-inch version of the non-album single which was released after Porcupine. The alternate versions of "My White Devil", "Porcupine" and "Ripeness" had all previously been unissued. The reissued album was produced by Andy Zax and Bill Inglot.

There were two tracks from the original Porcupine album which had been released as singles. The first of these was "The Back of Love" which had been released on 21 May 1982. The second single was "The Cutter" which was released on 14 January 1983. "Never Stop (Discotheque)", which was originally a non-album single when it was released on 8 July 1983, was subsequently included on the 2003 remastered version of the album as a bonus track.

Reception
Following the release of Porcupine in 1983, NME reviewer Barney Hoskyns gave the album a negative review. Hoskyns wrote, "Porcupine is the distressing occasion of an important and exciting rock group becoming ensnared by its own strongest points, a dynamic force striving fruitlessly to escape the brilliant track that trails behind it." Hoskyns likened the sound of the album to the band "turning on their own greatest 'hits' and savaging them". Hoskyns also criticised McCulloch's lyrics and the general mood of the album, noting, "Only on 'Porcupine' itself do the various strains of despair coalesce", and dismissed the entire second side of the album, saying it "horrifies the more for its uniform lack of inspiration, for the fact that every number cops direct from earlier songs without preserving anything of their energy or invention". Record reviewer Wayne King similarly commented that the album reused many motifs, such as Ian McCulloch's octave jumps, from their previous albums. While he praised the opening tracks "The Cutter" and "The Back of Love", he remarked that Porcupine as a whole was not nearly as good an album as Echo and the Bunnymen's live performances showed they were capable of.

In a review of the original release on AllMusic, Porcupine was described as "arguably the band's darkest offering", with the review concluding that the album "holds its own with other revered Bunnymen outings". The website's review of the remastered 2003 version calls the new release "a very well done expansion of an already fine album". Blender magazine described the album in a review on their website as "impossibly exciting pop-rock" and Pitchfork called the album "the band's definitive statement" and described "The Back of Love" as "the astonishing highlight of the group's career". CMJ critic Eric Chappe wrote that "the constant emotional peaks and valleys of Porcupine may be perhaps too strong for some, but the musical peaks achieved in getting there are really something to behold." The album appeared in the 1983 end of year critics' lists for both Melody Maker, where it was listed at number nine, and NME, where it was listed at number 32. The album is also listed in the 2006 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

The album reached number 2 on the UK Albums Chart, number 137 on the American Billboard 200, number 85 on the Canadian RPM 100 Albums, and number 24 on the Swedish albums chart. Having sold over 100,000 copies of the album in the UK, Echo & the Bunnymen were awarded with a gold disc by the British Phonographic Industry. Of the singles from the album, "The Back of Love" reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart and "The Cutter" reached number 8. "The Back of Love" also became the band's first single to make the Irish Singles Chart when it reached number 24, while "The Cutter" reached number 10. The single "Never Stop (Discotheque)" reached number 15 on the UK Singles Chart and number 8 on the Irish Singles Chart.

Track listing
All tracks written by Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson and Pete de Freitas.

 * Side one
 * 1) "The Cutter" – 3:56
 * 2) "The Back of Love" – 3:14
 * 3) "My White Devil" – 4:41
 * 4) "Clay" – 4:15
 * 5) "Porcupine" – 6:01
 * Side two
 * 1) "Heads Will Roll" – 3:33
 * 2) "Ripeness" – 4:50
 * 3) "Higher Hell" – 5:01
 * 4) "Gods Will Be Gods" – 5:25
 * 5) "In Bluer Skies" – 4:33

 * 2003 bonus tracks
 * 1) "Fuel" – 4:09
 * 2) "The Cutter" (Alternate Version) – 4:10
 * 3) "My White Devil" (Alternate Version) – 5:02
 * 4) "Porcupine" (Alternate Version) – 4:04
 * 5) "Ripeness" (Alternate Version) – 4:43
 * 6) "Gods Will Be Gods" (Alternate Version) – 5:31
 * 7) "Never Stop (Discotheque)" – 4:45

 * Porcupine – An Atlas Adventure
 * 1) "In Bluer Skies"
 * 2) "The Cutter"
 * 3) "My White Devil"
 * 4) "Porcupine"
 * 5) "Heads Will Roll"
 * 6) "The Back of Love"

Personnel
with:
 * Echo & the Bunnymen
 * Ian McCulloch – vocals, guitar, piano
 * Will Sergeant – lead guitar
 * Les Pattinson – bass
 * Pete de Freitas – drums
 * Shankar – strings
 * Technical
 * Ian Broudie – producer
 * Dave Bascombe – engineer
 * Paul Cobald – engineer
 * Colin Fairley – engineer
 * Dave Woolley – engineer
 * Steve Short – engineer
 * Steve Presige – engineer
 * Brian Griffin – photography
 * Martyn Atkins – cover design
 * Andy Zax – producer (reissue)
 * Bill Inglot – producer (reissue), remastering (reissue)
 * Dan Hersch – remastering (reissue)
 * Rachel Gutek – cover design (reissue)

title: Porcupine (album)


text:
Fight for Love (54-40 album)

Fight for Love is the fourth album by the Canadian band 54-40, released in 1989. The band supported the album with a Canadian tour.

Production
The album was coproduced by Dave Ogilvie and frontman Neil Osborne. The band used a mellotron that had belonged to King Crimson, loaned to them by Bob Rock. Some of the songs were inspired by Osborne's wife's drawings of Don Quixote.

Critical reception
The Calgary Herald deemed the album "a blend of guitar-driven rock numbers and lofty lyrics." The Globe and Mail wrote that "Osborne and co-producer David Ogilvie focus attention on the hopeful, even naive humanism of the songs and on the subtle but powerful interplay." The Windsor Star noted the "guitar-driven sound derived from late-1960s folk-rock." The Washington Post labeled the album "Vancouver's entry in the R.E.M. sweepstakes," writing: "Sweetly melodic and—it almost goes without saying—jangly, Fight for Love also has some guts."

Track listing

 * All songs written by 54-40 except where noted.
 * 1) "Here in My House"  – 3:49
 * 2) "Kissfolk"  – 3:33
 * 3) "Over My Head"  – 3:25
 * 4) "Miss You"  – 4:34 (Neil Osborne, Phil Comparelli)
 * 5) "Baby Have Some Faith"  – 5:51 (Osborne, Comparelli)
 * 6) "Fight for Love"  – 2:55 (Osborne)
 * 7) "Laughing"  – 3:51 (Osborne)
 * 8) "Walk Talk Madly"  – 4:42
 * 9) "Where Is My Heart"  – 3:25
 * 10) "Journey"  – 7:44 (Osborne)

Personnel

 * Neil Osborne: Vocals, Rhythm Guitar
 * Phil Comparelli: Lead and Lap Steel Guitars, Trumpet, Vocals
 * Brad Merritt: Bass
 * Matt Johnson: Drums, Percussion

Production

 * Arranged by 54-40
 * Executive Producer: Kevin Laffey
 * Produced by Dave Ogilvie and Neil Osborne
 * Recorded by Greg Reely
 * Mixed by James "Jimbo" Barton (tracks 1-3 and 5) and Greg Reely (all others)
 * Mastered by Stephen Marcussen
 * All songs published by Fifty Four Forty Music.

title: Fight for Love (54-40 album)


text: Category:Singaporean economists

title: Category:Singaporean economists


text:
User talk:Ickynay

Welcome!
Hello, Ickynay, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:25, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

title: User talk:Ickynay


text:
Ranchi district

Ranchi district is the most populous district of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, is the district headquarters. It was established as a district in 1899.

History
Iron slag, potsherds and iron tools have been found in the Chota Nagpur plateau dated to 1400 BCE.

Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of the Ashoka. Kalinga rulers are believed to have ravaged the region during their expeditions to Rajgir and Pataliputra. Armies of Samudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition to Deccan. Khukhragarh was one of the capitals of Nagvanshi dynasty.

With the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the Nagvanshis were forced to pay tribute, but they continued to rule and administer independently until the advent of the East India Company. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo, Pandey Ganpat Rai, Tikait Umrao Singh and Sheikh Bhikhari played pivotal role in Indian Rebellion of 1857. During the period of the British Raj, Adivasis and other locals of the Chotanagpur Plateau continued to oppose the subjugation by the British, and the region witnessed a number of uprisings and revolts.

Climate
Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate. However, due to its position and the forests around the city, it is known for its pleasant climate. Its climate is the primary reason why Ranchi was once the summer capital of the undivided State of Bihar. Ranchi used to be a preferable hill station in the past. Temperature ranges from maximum 42 to 20 °C during summer, and from 25 to 0 °C during winter. December and January are the coolest months with temperature getting to freezing point in some places of the city. The annual rainfall is about 1430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. Ranchi is located at 23°21′N 85°20′E.[5] The total area covered by the Ranchi municipal area is 175.12 square kilometres and the average elevation of the city is 651 m above sea level.

Ranchi is located on the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi is referred to as the "City of Waterfalls", due to the presence of numerous large and small falls of around the close vicinity of the city. The most popular ones are Dassam Falls, Hundru Falls, Jonha Falls, and Panchghagh Falls.

The Subarnarekha river and its tributaries constitute the local river system. Dams in Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been built over these channels to cater to the water requirements of majority the population.

Ranchi has a hilly topography and its combination with dense tropical forests ensures that it enjoys a comparatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. Previously, it was accorded a 'hill station' status during the British rule. Rapid population growth and industrialization have caused considerable change in the weather pattern and rise in average temperatures. This has resulted in gradual loss of this "Hill Station" like status. It also has numerous dams constructed in different regions of the city inside and on the outskirts.

Economy
In 2006 the Indian government named Ranchi one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 23 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). In the aspirational districts, Ranchi have improved.

Divisions
Presently, Ranchi district is divided into 2 sub-divisions and 14 administrative blocks. On 12 September 2007, Khunti district was created by carving Khunti subdivision and its 6 blocks out of Ranchi district. Ranchi sub-division is further divided into 11 blocks: Angara, Burmu, Bero, Chanho, Kanke, Lapung, Mandar, Namkum, Ormanjhi, Ratu and Silli. Bundu sub-division comprises 3 blocks: Bundu, Sonahatu, and Tamar, The district has 7 Assembly constituencies, namely, Tamar (ST), Silli, Khijri (ST), Ranchi, Hatia, Kanke (SC), and Mandar (ST). Silli, Khijri, Ranchi, Hatia and Kanke are part of Ranchi Lok Sabha constituency.

Education
Ranchi district boasts of many premier institutes in the field of higher education. This may be a reason that Ranchi has an average literacy rate of 77.13%(census 2011), higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 85.63%, and female literacy is 68.2%.Some of the popular schools for education in ranchi are Loyola Convent School, Delhi Public School, Jawahar Vidya Mandir, Kairali School, St.Xavier's School, St. Thomas School and Bishop Westcott.

Ranchi University, presently comprising 35 constituent colleges and 29 affiliated colleges, was established in 1960. One of its constituent college, St. Xavier's College at Ranchi was established in 1944. Birla Institute of Technology at Mesra, Ranchi was established in 1955. Birsa Agricultural University at Ranchi was established in 1981.

IIM Ranchi, the eighth Indian Institute of Management was established at Ranchi in 2010. It currently offers a two-year PGDM as its flagship program and has launched PFPEX recently for research work.

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi was established by a legislative act of the Government of Jharkhand as the fourteenth national law university of India. It offers graduate and post-graduate courses in law.

Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS), Ranchi started in the year of 1955 with an intention to educate young graduates in the field of social work and management programs. This department stated as the extension department of St Xavier's college of Ranchi. In the year 1975, the department registered itself as a separate institute and established their new campus. The isolated campus of the Xavier Institute of Social Service is located in the Purulia Road, Ranchi. The institute offers graduate and post-graduate course in management studies.

The Institute of Science & Management (ISM), formerly known as Indian Institute of Science & Management, had come into being in the year 1985 with an idea of catering to the long felt need of management education to the upcoming youth of the developing region of Chgotanagpur. It offers PGDM, Hotel Management & Catering Technology (HM&CT), B.A. International Hospitality Administration (B.A. – IHA) courses.

National Institute of Foundry & Forge Technology (NIFFT) was set up by the Government of India in collaboration with UNDP-UNESCO to provide quality engineers and well trained specialists for running Manufacturing, Metallurgical, Foundry and Forge industries efficiently. Since its inception in 1966, NIFFT has earned a reputation of being a premier Institute for imparting technical education, training, research and development and consultancy in the fields of manufacturing, metallurgy & foundry and forge technologies. Apart from that with the expansion of the institute, the allied fields of information technology, Industrial Engineering and Environmental Engineering have also received impetus.

Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), a medical institute of Ranchi University in Ranchi, was established in 2002 by upgrading the then Rajendra Medical College Hospital (RMCH) which was established in 1960. The courses offered are MBBS, M.D., Mch Neurosurgery, BDS, Bsc nursing, Msc nursing, Paramedical and Physiotherapy.

The Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi is an institute offering higher level study in the domain of medical education. The institute also functions as a psychiatry unit for patients of all age groups. The Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi is jointly administered by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Directorate General of Health Services. The Central Institute of Psychiatry in Ranchi accepts psychiatric patients from all over India and also from Bhutan and Nepal. The institute offers Post-Graduate medical courses. The Central Institute of Psychiatry of Ranchi teaches higher level medical courses in Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nursing and Psychiatric Social Work. Candidates may also pursue doctoral studies in Clinical Psychology. The British established this hospital on 17 May 1918 with the name of Ranchi European Lunatic Asylum. It may be worth noting that this Institute has been the most premier centre for mental health in the country and it has many firsts to its credit. For example, to mention only a few, the first Occupational Therapy Department in 1922, ECT in 1943, psychosurgery and neurosurgery in 1947, clinical psychology and Electroencephalography (EEG) departments in 1948, a full-fledged neuropathology section in 1952, the first use of Lithium in 1952 and chlorpromazine in 1953.

The Central University of Jharkhand is a Central University, established by an act of Indian Parliament (Act no. 25 of 2009) in 2009. Like other Central Universities of India it is a teaching and research university. CUJ offers 50+ courses which includes a wide range of five year "Integrated Masters Programs" in more than 20 disciplines, 16 postgraduate programs and Ph.D. in almost 20 disciplines. As of now the university is functional in its temporary 45-acre campus located at Brambe, Mandar.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census Ranchi district has a population of 2,914,253, roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Arkansas. This gives it a ranking of 130th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 572 PD/sqkm. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.9%. Ranchi has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.06%. 43.14% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes collectively account for 41.01% (SC 5.25% and ST 35.76%) of the district's total population. The prominent communities in this group, in terms of the district's total population, are Oraon (18.2%), Munda (10.3%), Lohra (2.46%), Bedia (1.32%), Ghasi (1.21%), Mahli (1.09%), Dhobi (0.73%), Bhogta (0.7%), Chamar/Mochi (0.63%), Dusadh (0.36%), Pan (0.33%), Karmali (0.32%), Chik Baraik (0.32%), Dom (0.29%), Kharia (0.27%), Bhuiya (0.2%), Santal (0.19%), Turi (0.12%), Rajwar (0.11%), Gorait (0.1%), Hari/Mehtar/Bhangi (0.08%), Ho (0.07%), Binjhia (0.07%), Pasi (0.07%), and Kharwar (0.05%). Other communities such as Gond, Birhor, Bauri, Kol, Kora, Chero, Bhumij, Kisan, Nat, Mal Paharia, Musahar, Banjara, and Asur/Agaria also have populations ranging between one thousand to a hundred.

Languages
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 30.23% of the population in the district spoke Sadri, 28.08% Hindi, 8.55% Urdu, 7.52% Kurukh, 11.88% Panchpargania, 4.70% Mundari, 2.51% Bengali, 2.17% Bhojpuri and 1.17% Magahi as their first language.

Blocks/Mandals
Ranchi district consists of 18 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Ranchi district:

title: Ranchi district


text:
Robert B. Duncan

Robert Blackford Duncan (December 4, 1920 – April 29, 2011) was an American politician from the state of Oregon. A Democrat, he served multiple terms in the Oregon Legislative Assembly and as a U.S. congressman from Oregon. In the Oregon House of Representatives he served as speaker for four years, and in the U.S. House he represented two different districts. The Illinois native and World War II veteran ran three unsuccessful campaigns to be elected to the U.S. Senate.

Early life
Robert B. Duncan was born in Normal, Illinois, on December 4, 1920. His father, Eugene Duncan, came to Illinois from a family in Missouri whose ascendants were originally from Scotland. His mother, Catherine Blackford, was of Welsh origin—her parents had immigrated from Wales to the United States in the late 19th century.

Robert Duncan was the second of four boys: Carter, Bob, Clark and John Bruce. He attended public schools in Bloomington. In 1939, at the age of 18, he went with a friend to Alaska and he began college at the University of Alaska, staying through 1940 when he transferred to Illinois Wesleyan University where he graduated in 1942 with a bachelor's degree. In college he met fellow student Marijane Beverly Dill (born June 30, 1920) and the two were married on December 19, 1942. The couple would have seven children together. While in Alaska he had worked in the gold fields, and while in Illinois he had worked for a bank and seed company.

During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine and in the United States Naval Air Force as a pilot from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, Duncan received his LL.B from the University of Michigan Law School and passed the bar in October of that year. After graduation Duncan and his family moved from Michigan to Portland and then to Medford in Southern Oregon, where he moved to join the law practice of William M. McAllister.

Political career
In 1954, Duncan was nominated as a write-in candidate for the Oregon House of Representatives. Although he declined for economic reasons, in 1956, he was elected to the Oregon House, serving three terms and was elected Speaker of the Oregon House by his colleagues. In 1962, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives representing Oregon's 4th congressional district based in Medford.

In the 1966 U.S. Senate election, Duncan was the Democratic candidate for the seat vacated by retiring Senator Maurine B. Neuberger. While Duncan strongly supported President Johnson's Vietnam War policies, his Republican opponent, Governor Mark Hatfield, was an outspoken critic. The differences between Duncan and Hatfield on the war would produce one of the great splits in the modern Oregon Democratic Party. The state's senior U.S. Senator, Wayne Morse—a staunch Democratic opponent of the Vietnam War—endorsed Hatfield over fellow Democrat Duncan, an act that infuriated Democratic Party regulars. This factor, along with Hatfield's statewide popularity, gave Hatfield a narrow victory. In 1967, Duncan moved to Portland where he lived until 1974, returning to the practice of law.

In 1968, Duncan came back to challenge Senator Morse in the Democratic Senate primary. Again, Duncan's war views played a role. Though Duncan was initially far ahead of the anti-war maverick Morse, Morse closed the gap at the end and won a narrow victory, aided by the beginning of the Paris Peace Accords, which brought the possibility of the end of the war. Morse went on to narrowly lose in the general election to Republican state Representative Bob Packwood, who favored continued funding of the war.

Duncan returned to his Portland law practice. He ran once more for the Senate in 1972, again losing the Democratic nomination to Morse, this time by a wider margin. Morse then lost to Senator Hatfield. After Edith Green retired from Congress, Duncan ran for her Portland-based seat from OR's 3rd congressional district in 1974 and returned to the House. He served another three terms from 1975 to 1981. He lost in an upset in the 1980 Democratic primary to eventual winner Ron Wyden.

Later years and family
In 1985, he returned to live in Oregon, settling in the coastal community of Yachats. He served on the Northwest Power Planning Council from 1984 to 1988, and as its chairperson in 1987. Following his work on the Council (he left the Council in 1988), Duncan spent his time working on his house in Yachats and on his collection of old cars, and spending time with his seven grandchildren.

Duncan's first wife, Marijane, died November 9, 1990. The couple had seven children. In 1995, Duncan married Kathryn Boe, widow of Jason Boe who had served in the Oregon Senate from 1970 to 1980, four terms as Senate president. Duncan lived in Portland until his death at the age of 90 at the Mirabella retirement home on April 29, 2011.

His papers are housed in the Robert Blackford Duncan collection at the University of Oregon. A four-volume book of his writings is in that collection and also is in the archival collections of Illinois Wesleyan University, Normal, Illinois; the University of Alaska in Fairbanks; and the Oregon Historical Society, Portland.

title: Robert B. Duncan


text:
User talk:Zander213

Welcome!
Hello, Zander213, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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-- Sango  123  17:26, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

Notability of Joe Guggia
A tag has been placed on Joe Guggia requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Basketball 110   vandalise me  04:03, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zander213


text:
Talk:Ranchi district

A request to all the fellow Wikipedians interested in the development of contents of this page: I shall be adding (say, by end-April/ early-May 2006) some more contents to this page. If some one may add a map and picture/s, the page shall become better. Thanks. --Bhadani 13:06, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

WP:INDIA Banner/Jharkhand workgroup Addition
WP India with Jharkhand workgroup parameters was added to this article talk page because the article falls under Category:Jharkhand or one of its subcategories. Should you feel this addition is inappropriate, please undo my changes and update/remove the irrelavent categories to the article --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 10:48, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ranchi district


text:
User talk:MarioPaolucci

Welcome!
Hello, MarioPaolucci, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
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I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:26, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

title: User talk:MarioPaolucci


text: Category:Museums in New Mexico

title: Category:Museums in New Mexico


text: User:The What's Next Collective

title: User:The What's Next Collective


text:
User talk:Emersoni

Saparmurat Niyazov
Thanks for correcting the spelling on Saparmurat Niyazov. KazakhPol 07:43, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

iLL mITCH
I DID LEAVE THAT INFO SO STOP FREAKIN DELETING IT!!!!!!! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jellonuts (talk • contribs) 07:14, 14 January 2007 (UTC).
 * As a result of a similar message on my talk page, I looked at the article a little more closely. Just as I'd formed my AFD nom, I realised that it had already been deleted through AFD. I've deleted the entire article now under CSD G4. The JPS talk to me  14:09, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Notability of Veterans of the First World War who died in 2007
seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. --Android Mouse Bot 2 23:58, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Articles Needing Copy Edit
Hello there!

I have begun a new WikiProject that has a very simple goal, to improve Wikipedia by dealing with the articles tagged for copy edit, and am wondering if you are interested. *smiles* This project is not a clone of the defunct League Of Copy Editors because we will not deal with requests for review (that is currently handled by our good friends over at Peer Review).

I expect that this will be a relaxed, happy and casual WikiProject, because participants will be able to take things at their own pace and use the project page to ask other participants for help. A handful of people have already expressed interest at the proposal page, and if you're interested, feel free to sign up at the project page itself and discuss the project at its talk page.

There are now over 4000 articles needing copy edit, and very, very few people working on them, so any help, however small, is appreciated. I am in the process of getting word out about the project, so I'm pretty sure we will be in good stead to fulfill our goals.

Cheers! - Samuel  Tan  03:38, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Joe Claussell for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Joe Claussell is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Joe Claussell until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Epeefleche (talk) 06:51, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Gabriel Green for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Gabriel Green is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Gabriel Green until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. jps (talk) 16:21, 28 October 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of List of veterans of World War I who died in 2006 for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of veterans of World War I who died in 2006 is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of veterans of World War I who died in 2000 until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ricky81682 (talk) 01:56, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Same with List of veterans of World War I who died in 2007 -- Ricky81682 (talk) 01:56, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Emersoni


text: User talk:66.75.225.50

title: User talk:66.75.225.50


text:
Talk:Ice Station

Untitled
The articel as currently writen sounds far more like a publisher's blurb than an encyclopedia article. The closing elipsis in particular is simply a bad idea, IMO. DES 17:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC) Agreed. Ive only edited a few pages before, and i didnt want to tread on anyones toes by deleting what they have written (although it sounds like they enjoy just getting off writing words like enigmatic) plus i thought the whole point of these types of pages was not to advetise books but to present the facts (which is why the bit at the top says "spoiler") This is my first edit on Wiki, so bear with me if I make a few mistakes here. I've read Ice Station a few times, so i've gone through and edited the mistakes in the plot summary, added a background section at the top and fixed up various formatting, grammer and spelling mistakes in the article. Can someone check over what I've done and confirm that it's correct? --Stretch 06:26, 26 September 2005 (UTC) My god.
 * You rang Cdinesh? --Stretch 01:34, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Citations - none, but if someone adds a few it will make a huge difference Iciac 08:06, 6 July 2007 (UTC) With regards to the inaccuracies section: "Several times throughout the novel, Reilly has lower ranking enlisted personnel address higher ranking enlisted personnel as "Sir". In the U.S. military, and especially in the U.S. Marine Corps addressing an enlisted man as "Sir" is seen as a slight, or at least mildly offensive." Matthew Reilly is an Australian author, and as far as I know, in the Australian army, personnel of higher rank than sergeant are usually referred to as "Sir". --203.164.95.67 08:39, 18 July 2007 (UTC) No, the Australian army never refers to any NCO's, (Warrant Officers included,) as 'sir.' If you did say this to a WO, you should expect the curt reply, "Don't call me sir, I work for a living!" It was a mistake that stuck out to me all the way through the book, and in the other Matthew Reilly books too. Otherwise I really enjoyed them. The Bryce (talk) 13:51, 19 November 2007 (UTC) "The SAS unit use a "Nitrogen grenade". A small explosive that contains super-cooled liquid nitrogen. However this device is infeasible as any explosive force used to detonate the grenade would heat the nitrogen to the point where it would turn into gas." This is not neccessarily true. One could use gas propulsion by either storing compressed gas inside the grenade or use an explosive that rapidly dissintergrates into gas with minimal heat generation. Correct. It's not certain how Reilly expected this grenade to work, so I think the comment should be removed. A detonation doesn't necessarily require an explosion to the extent that would vaporise the liquid nitrogen. The Bryce (talk) 13:51, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

crap
I wonder if there's an approved, encyclopedic way to note that an artistic work is complete crap? Teemu Leisti (talk) 16:42, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

Warrant Officers in the Australian Army are addressed as 'Sir'
"08:06, 6 July 2007 (UTC) With regards to the inaccuracies section: "Several times throughout the novel, Reilly has lower ranking enlisted personnel address higher ranking enlisted personnel as "Sir". In the U.S. military, and especially in the U.S. Marine Corps addressing an enlisted man as "Sir" is seen as a slight, or at least mildly offensive." Matthew Reilly is an Australian author, and as far as I know, in the Australian army, personnel of higher rank than sergeant are usually referred to as "Sir". --203.164.95.67 08:39, 18 July 2007 (UTC) No, the Australian army never refers to any NCO's, (Warrant Officers included,) as 'sir.' If you did say this to a WO, you should expect the curt reply, "Don't call me sir, I work for a living!" It was a mistake that stuck out to me all the way through the book, and in the other Matthew Reilly books too. Otherwise I really enjoyed them."

'No, the Australian army never refers to any NCO's, (Warrant Officers included,) as 'sir.' If you did say this to a WO, you should expect the curt reply, "Don't call me sir, I work for a living!" It was a mistake that stuck out to me all the way through the book, and in the other Matthew Reilly books too. Otherwise I really enjoyed them. The Bryce (talk) 13:51, 19 November 2007 (UTC)'

Not true. NCO's below the rank of Warrant Officer are referred to by rank, or appointment, but a Warrant Officer is addressed as 'Sir' by subordinates, or by appointment 'RSM', 'CSM' etc. A soldier not calling a WO 'Sir' could expect a bollocking. The infamous 'Don't call me Sir, I work for a living' is used by Sergeants, but once they are promoted to WO2/WO1 it no longer applies. Remember, a Warrant Officer actually is a form of officer, by virtue of a warrant (in Australia, signed by the Governor General). They remain members of the Sergeants Mess. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.92.163.12 (talk) 11:39, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

Correct, in the Australian Army, WO2 & WO1 are addressed as Sir, as they hold a Warrant Signed by the minister of defence, they techinically arent officers, but are somewhere in between.Emcee george (talk) 23:00, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Inaccuracies
I added the Fact tag because this entire section reads like a personal opinion. Yes, some of these things are impossible but this is a work of fiction. It is not intended to be accurate on every item. Also, why pick only these items as inaccuracies when the piece of military technology with the biggest role in the entire novel (and the other Scarecrow novels), the MagHook, doesn't exist either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.165.162.164 (talk) 19:34, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Even if not simply personal opinion, the inaccuracies are generally trivial. This has been around a long time without being fixed - if there are no objections, the section should be deleted.MurfleMan (talk) 04:08, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I've now deleted the section. MurfleMan (talk) 03:04, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

Plot Summary?
Is this summary from an elementary school essay which was originally intended to be for Battle Royale (film)?

Where is Wilkes Ice Station?

Were the French scientists theoretical soldiers at first?

Is Schofield a god? Did he ascend to heaven afterwards?

What attack was the SAS adding to?

I assume Schofield is a god because he killed an entire SAS team...

Is Wendy a mutant, too?

Why?

What is this summary telling me? Nightvisiongoggles (talk) 20:34, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ice Station