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Mustafa Setmariam Nasar

Abu Musab al-Suri (أبو مصعب السوري), born Mustafa bin Abd al-Qadir Setmariam Nasar (مصطفى بن عبد القادر ست مريم نصار; 26 October 1958), is a suspected Al-Qaeda member and writer best known for his 1,600-page book The Global Islamic Resistance Call (Da'wat al-muqawamah al-islamiyyah al-'alamiyyah). He is considered by many as 'the most articulate exponent of the modern jihad and its most sophisticated strategist'.

Nasar has held Spanish citizenship since the late 1980s, following marriage to a Spanish woman. He is wanted in Spain for the 1985 El Descanso bombing, which killed eighteen people in a restaurant in Madrid, and (as a witness) in connection with the 2004 Madrid train bombings.

Nasar was captured by Pakistani security forces in 2005 and was rendered to Syria, where he was also a wanted man. As of April 2014, he was being held in a Syrian prison.

Life
Nasar's full name is Mustafa bin Abd al-Qadir al-Rifa'i (مصطفى بن عبد القادر الرفاعي); he is a descendant of Ahmed al-Rifa'i, who is the founder of the Rifa'i Sufi order, and his paternal great grandmother was Set Mariam (ست مريم, meaning Lady Mariam). His mother is the daughter of Mohammed Nasar, an Egyptian who came to Syria with Ibrahim Pasha's campaigns against the Ottoman Empire.

Nasar was born and grew up in Aleppo in Syria, and attended four years of university studies there at the University of Aleppo's Department of Mechanical Engineering. In 1980, he joined the Combatant Vanguard organisation, a radical offshoot of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, which was at the forefront in the Islamist uprising in Syria against Hafez Assad's government. Nasar was forced to flee Syria at the end of 1980. He then joined the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood organisation in exile, receiving training at their bases and safe houses in Iraq and Jordan. He is reported to have participated in the uprising of Hama in 1982. He emigrated to France and later to Spain in the mid-1980s.

In 1987, Nasar and a small group of Syrian friends left Spain for Peshawar, where they met Abdallah Azzam, the godfather of the Arab-Afghan movement. Nasar was enlisted as a military trainer at the camps for Arab volunteer fighters, and he also fought on the frontlines against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the communist government in Kabul after the Soviet withdrawal in 1988.

Nasar met Osama bin Laden in Peshawar and claims to have been a member of his inner circle and working for bin Laden until sometime around 1992, when Nasar returned to Spain. In Peshawar, Nasar became well known under his pen name Umar Abd al-Hakim after he published a 900-page treatise in May 1991, entitled 'The Islamic jihadi revolution in Syria', also known as 'the Syrian Experience' (al-tajrubah al-suriyyah). The treatise was a vehement attack on the Muslim Brotherhood and constituted an important part of the intellectual foundation for al-Qaida and the jihadi current during the 1990s.

From 1985 to 1995, Nasar adopted Spain as his primary place of residence, even though he traveled extensively and spent much time in Afghanistan. In Spain, he married Elena Moreno in 1987/88, who converted to Islam. This marriage allowed him to become a Spanish citizen. They have four children.

Among his associates was Imad Eddin Yarkas alias Abu Dahdah, head of al-Qaeda's Madrid cell, who was arrested in November 2001 on suspicion of membership in al-Qaida and of involvement in the 11 September 2001 attacks. He was later acquitted of charges of assisting the 9/11 plotters, but convicted of membership in a terrorist organization.

Nasar first moved to London in 1994, and brought his family along in mid-1995. It is possible that he fled Spain because of suspicions he was involved in the 1995 Islamist terror bombings in France. For a while, Nasar edited al-Ansar, the most important jihadi magazine at the time, with ties to the Algerian Armed Islamic Group (GIA). Nasar left the journal in 1996, partly due to disagreements with the new GIA leadership in Algeria and partly as a result of a conflict with its chief editor, Umar Mahmud Uthman Abu Umar, better known as Abu Qatada al-Filastini. The latter is widely regarded as al-Qaeda's principal cleric in Europe.

In 1997, Nasar established a media company called Islamic Conflict Studies Bureau with Mohamed Bahaiah. Through this office, he facilitated two important media events for bin Laden in Afghanistan, in particular Peter Bergen's famous CNN interview with bin Laden in March 1997. In fact, he served in the days before 9/11 as the facilitator who took Western reporters to meet with Osama bin Laden in Afghanistan.

In the autumn of 1997, Nasar left London for Afghanistan, operating initially as a lecturer and trainer in the Arab-Afghan camps and guesthouses. He settled there with his family in 1998. In 1999, he formed a media and research center in Kabul and in 2000, he was allowed to open his own training camp, the al-Ghuraba Camp, located in Kargha, near Kabul. Nasar's camp was formally part of the Taliban's Ministry of Defense, and separate from al-Qaida and bin Laden's organization, whom he had fallen out with in 1998. In a seven-page letter from mid-1998, Nasar launched scathing criticism of bin Laden for the disdain al-Qaeda had shown towards the Taliban leadership of Afghanistan, including Mullah Omar. He is also highly critical of their strategies, and has denounced al-Qaeda's 1998 attacks on the US embassies in East Africa and the 11 September attack on New York's Twin Towers, which he argues put a catastrophic end to the jihadi cause.

On 19 January 2009, FBI interrogator Robert Fuller testified during a hearing before Canadian Omar Khadr's Guantanamo military commission that during interrogations in October 2002, Khadr confessed to staying at a Kabul guest house run by "Abu Musab al-Suri".

In September 2003, Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzon indicted 35 members of the Madrid cell for their role in the 11 September attacks, including Nasar. In November 2004, the United States Department of State named Nasar a Most Wanted Terrorist and offered a reward of US$5 million for information about his location.

Reports of detention
Nasar was reportedly captured in the Pakistani city of Quetta in late October 2005, although exactly where and when is disputed. He was taken into American custody a month or so after his capture; however, he was not among the 14 high-profile al-Qaeda suspects transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in late 2006, and there were persistent reports that he was one of the ghost prisoners held in secret detention at the U.S. Navy's Naval Support Facility (NSF) on Diego Garcia.

On 14 April 2009, Garzón sent out queries as to Nasar's location. Daniel Woolls, writing for the Associated Press, reported that Garzon queried Britain, the US, Pakistan, Syria, and Afghanistan. The report stated US officials confirmed that Nasar was apprehended in Quetta, Pakistan, in November 2005. The Spanish newspaper El País attributed Garzon's query to United States President Barack Obama's announcement that the Guantanamo detention camp and the CIA's black sites would be closed.

It appears that at some stage, Nasar was rendered to Syria, where he was a wanted man. In late 2011, rumours emerged that Nasar had been released from a Syrian jail. This was repeated in early 2012 by a posting on an al-Qaeda-linked web forum.

However, in March 2014, al-Qaeda spokesman Adam Gadahn revealed that Nasar was still in prison. In April 2014, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri also confirmed that Nasar was still in prison.

Works and influence
Due to his prolific writings on strategic and political issues, and his guerrilla warfare experience, Nasar is a popular lecturer and to a certain degree an unofficial adviser for a wide range of jihadi groups in Afghanistan. Organizationally, however, he has remained a rather independent figure. While some reports have linked him to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who later led al-Qaeda's component of the insurgency in Iraq, his network of contacts was much wider, and included jihadis from Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraqi Kurdistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Uzbekistan, and elsewhere. Media reports have also alleged that one of his associates, the Moroccan Amer Azizi (Uthman al-Andalusi), had met 11 September organizers Mohamed Atta and Ramzi bin al-Shibh in Tarragona, Spain, weeks before the attacks, but this seems to be incorrect.

He once stated that:"There will be no salvation for the umma, unless we follow the principle of hanging the last unbeliever of the last [Christian] priest by the intestines. The only weapon we have with which to face the modern machinery of the enemy is jihad and the love of death. The spirit is enriched by the love of death [...] Mutilated bodies, skeletons, terrorism [...] words so beautiful!" Nasar had conflict with bin Laden, and a 2001 email was intercepted in which he wrote that, "We are in a ship that you are burning on false and mistaken grounds", accusing bin Laden of having "caught the disease of screens, flashes, fans and applause".

Nasar is reported to be the mastermind of the 2004 Madrid train bombings as well as the 7/7 London bombings. In a statement released after the attacks, al-Suri said: "[In my teachings] I have mentioned vital and legitimate targets to be hit in the enemy's countries … Among those targets that I specifically mentioned as examples was the London Underground. [Targeting this] was and still is the aim."

Nasar's best known work is the 1,600-page book The Global Islamic Resistance Call (Da'wat al-muqawamah al-islamiyyah al-'alamiyyah), which appeared on the Internet in December 2004 or January 2005. In an article in the September 2006 edition of The New Yorker magazine, author Lawrence Wright wrote that in this book, Nasar:

"proposes that the next stage of jihad will be characterized by terrorism created by individuals or small autonomous groups (what he terms 'leaderless resistance') which will wear down the enemy and prepare the ground for the far more ambitious aim of waging war on 'open fronts' ... 'without confrontation in the field and seizing control of the land, we cannot establish a state, which is the strategic goal of the resistance."

The American occupation of Iraq, he declares, inaugurated a 'historical new period' that almost single-handedly rescued the jihadi movement just when many of its critics thought it was finished.

According to Boaz Ganor, in this book, Nasar posits that there's an inevitable clash between capitalist economics, secular philosophy, and democracy within Muslim culture. Despite this, he acknowledges that Islamists may exploit democracy to achieve their objectives, emphasizing the role of missionary activities conducted by jihadist organizations, leveraging democratic institutions to sway Muslim sentiments.

French political scientist Gilles Kepel says that "he is part of the second generation of the jihadist movement, the ones who were concerned with the failure of mobilization after 9/11." Nasar feels that the failure of the 9/11 attacks to rouse global Muslim outrage was compounded by the failure of the jihadist terror campaign in Iraq, and by the subsequent Western success in reducing what was once a global movement into increasingly isolated archipelagos of local movements and causes, says Kepel.

Brynjar Lia of the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment portrays him as the most brilliant and dangerous ideologue of his cohort of radicals, "a dissident, a critic and an intellectual", who puts "hard-nosed realism before religious wish-fulfillment and pragmatic long-term strategies before utopianism."

Scholars Brian A. Jackson and Bryce Loidolt argue that Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim's Management of Savagery and al-Suri's Call to Global Islamic Resistance led al-Qaida to innovate and shift practices.

In early 2014, a top Sharia official in the Syrian jihadist group Al-Nusra Front, Dr. Sami al-Oraydi, acknowledged that his group is influenced by the teachings of Abu Musab Al Suri. The strategies derived from Abu Musab's guidelines to win hearts and minds amongst local Muslim communities include: providing services to people, avoiding being seen as extremists, maintaining strong relationships with communities and other fighting groups, and putting the focus on fighting the government.

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Mustafa Setmariam Nasar (Abu Musab al-Suri), Abdullah Azzam, Ayman al-Zawahiri, and Osama bin Laden were cited by Abu Khalid al-Suri when he addressed ISIL.

Mustafa Setmariam Nasar wrote in support of the East Turkestan Independence Movement and praised the conquest of Kashgar by Qutayba ibn Muslim and Yaqub Beg, praising the latter's buildings of educational institutions for Islam and mosques and calling him "Attalik Ghazi" and a "good man" for his war against Buddhists and Chinese people. Mustafa Setmariam Nasar had met some Uyghurs in Afghanistan, where they trained as mujahidin. He criticized China for restrictions on religion and Islamic teaching imposed on Uyghurs. The Turkistan Islamic Party's 18th issue of the magazine Islamic Turkistan published an article on Mustafa Setmariam Nasar's career. The 19th issue of this magazine contained an article by Abi Khadeejah al-Shami on Nasar.

Publication of articles in Inspire
In June 2010, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula was reported to have published Inspire magazine – its first English-language publication, sprung from the imagination of Anwar al-Awlaki. It contained an article published under the name Abu Mu'sab al-Suri. This article was the beginning of a series entitled "The Jihadi experiences". Further articles in this series appeared in the next 5 issues of Inspire. They were excerpts copied from a translation of The Global Islamic Resistance Call which appeared in a biography of Abu Musab al-Suri.

Eschatology
French Islamic eschatology scholar Jean-Pierre Filiu notes that another departure Nasar makes from the ideology of Al-Qaeda is his interest in eschatology—including the coming of the Mahdi, the Antichrist, the mountain of gold to be found in the Euphrates river, the Sufyani, Gog and Magog, and the proper chronology and location of related battles and other activities. The last 100 pages of The Global Islamic Resistance Call are devoted to end times in Islam. "I have no doubt that we have entered into the age of battles and tribulations [zāman al-malāhim wal-fitan]"... The earth is filled with oppression and injustice and events led on from one another toward the appearance of the Mahdi ... The twentieth century is past, and we have now entered the twenty-first to find that most people seem prepared to follow the Antichrist".

His interest extended to the "central role" that the hadith about end times outlined for his homeland of as-Shām (modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine) and the need for Al-Qaeda to reorient its strategy to "take into account this final clash" with the enemies of Islam. Filiu speculates that Nasar's interest may have been related to the popularity of eschatology among the Muslim masses, and Nasar's "increasingly frantic attempt" following the post-11 September crackdown on jihadis, "to formulate a message that would appeal to the greatest possible number of Muslim believers".

title: Mustafa Setmariam Nasar


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Microsoft Active Protection Service

Microsoft Active Protection Service (abbreviated MAPS and formerly known as Microsoft SpyNet) is the network of Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Essentials users that help determine which programs are classified as spyware. The signatures created for any submitted programs by the users of the product are available to all users, displayed as a bar graph that shows the percentage of people who have allowed, blocked, or removed an item. This method of spyware classification allows rare, unknown, or new spyware to be categorized as most people choose to send their data.

Basic membership
The basic MAPS membership choice in Windows Defender or Microsoft Security Essentials does not alert the user of software, and changes made by software that has not been analyzed for risks. Computer information is sent (such as IP address, operating system, and Web browser), and personal information might be sent (such as search terms or data entered into forms), but will not be used to identify you or contact you.

Advanced membership
The advanced MAPS membership choice in Windows Defender or Microsoft Security Essentials results in sending more information about software files, usage, and how it affects your computer. Computer information is sent (such as IP address, operating system, and Web browser), and personal information might be sent (such as search terms, data entered into forms, file paths, or partial memory dumps), but will not be used to identify you or contact you.

Opt out
Users of Microsoft Security Essentials can opt out by left clicking on the task bar icon, choose settings, spynet and then choose opt-out. Included in the v2.0 there is the ability to completely opt out of this program.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Microsoft Active Protection Service


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Zen-On Music Company Ltd

Zen-On Music Company Ltd (全音楽譜出版社) is a music publishing company based in Shinjuku, Tokyo, in Japan. Zen-On publishes sheet music for sale and rental, including orchestral scores, band and wind ensemble music, solo works and contemporary works, such as Frederic Rzewski's "People United ..." The company was founded in 1931.

Zen-On are also responsible for the publications of Asian classical composers, such as Joe Hisaishi.

title: Zen-On Music Company Ltd


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Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse

The Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse (BnF Fr 2643–6) is a heavily illustrated deluxe illuminated manuscript in four volumes, containing a French text of Froissart's Chronicles, written and illuminated in the first half of the 1470s in Bruges, Flanders, in modern Belgium. The text of Froissart's Chronicles is preserved in more than 150 manuscript copies. This is one of the most lavishly illuminated examples, commissioned by Louis of Gruuthuse, a Flemish nobleman and bibliophile. Several leading Flemish illuminators worked on the miniatures.

The four volumes are now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris as BnF, MSS Français 2643–6, and contain 110 miniatures of various sizes painted by some of the best artists of the day. The page size is approximately 44 × 33 cm, with miniatures of various sizes, from three-quarter–page and half-page, to historiated initials. The French text is in two columns and there is extensive marginal decoration of scrolling stems and other plant motifs, with some human and animal figures among them.

Artists
Loyset Liédet produced the sixty miniatures in the first two volumes. He was a very successful, if somewhat formulaic, illuminator, working mainly on secular manuscripts for Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (Philip the Good) and his court. He probably used assistants, but it is hard to detect separate hands in his work.

The last two volumes, which are in general finer, were worked on by the anonymous illuminators known as the Master of Anthony of Burgundy (identified by some writers with Philippe de Mazerolles), the Master of Margaret of York, and the Master of the Dresden Prayer Book, the last as an assistant to the Master of Anthony of Burgundy. These masters are named after prominent works or patrons of theirs. It appears that the project was split in half from an early stage, as the scribes who wrote the text and the style of border decoration (also the work of specialists) differ between volumes 1–2 and 3–4.

The large miniatures by the Master of Anthony of Burgundy are especially sophisticated in style, and those by the young Master of the Dresden Prayer Book (above) are notable for "their startlingly ambitious palette and combination of colors, agitated and vibrantly modelled drapery, an apparently inexhaustible range of well-designed figure poses, and challenging placement of figures within complex spaces" (McKendrick). All the illustrations below are from the first two volumes, unless otherwise stated.

Patron

Louis of Gruuthuse (1427–1492) was born and lived in Bruges and was an important member of the court of Philip the Good. He appears to have been the second largest purchaser in the period, after Philip himself, of illuminated manuscripts from the best Flemish workshops, then at the peak of their success. He had a book collection totalling about 190 volumes, mostly secular in content, of which over half were contemporary illuminated copies. This made his collection over twice the size of the contemporary English royal collection. Louis was in fact one of the last people to commission new manuscripts on such a scale; he probably began collecting books in the late 1460s, with many of his major commissions dating from the 1470s. In some cases even from that decade the titles already existed in printed form, and by the end of his life most titles could be bought printed, and Flemish illumination, especially of secular works, was in deep decline. Froissart's Chronicles were not printed until about 1498, in Paris.

He incorporated portraits of himself in miniatures in several books (but not these volumes); an extra figure, wearing the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, appears in his copies but not in similar compositions in other copies of the same works. Many of his volumes, like this set, passed to King Louis XII of France, and are now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. King Louis painted his arms over those of Louis de Gruuthuse on some pages in this set (and in other books had the Burgundian collar of the Fleece over-painted on the de Gruuthuse figures). The current bindings are later (17th or 18th century), but traces of what were probably the original blue velvet bindings remain.

Like the "Harley Froissart" (British Library Harley MSS 4379–4380), which is the most fully illustrated of all illuminated Froissarts, this is an example of a notable resurgence of interest in Froissart's work from the late 1460s onwards; the earliest parts of the Chronicles were by then over a century old, and covered a period beginning 140 years before.

Gallery
All miniatures are by Loyset Liédet, unless stated. Dates are of the events, not the miniatures.

title: Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse


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Chris Sanders

Christopher Michael Sanders (born March 12, 1962) is an American filmmaker, animator, and voice actor. His credits include Lilo & Stitch (2002) and How to Train Your Dragon (2010), both of which he co-wrote and co-directed with Dean DeBlois, The Croods (2013) with Kirk DeMicco, and The Call of the Wild (2020). He is also known for creating the story behind Lilo & Stitch and for creating and voicing its latter title character in the film and its franchise.

Early life
Sanders was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He went to Arvada High School in Arvada, Colorado. He is a 1984 graduate of the California Institute of the Arts.

Walt Disney Feature Animation

Sanders began his career as a character designer for Jim Henson's Muppet Babies. He soon became the head storyboard artist for Walt Disney Feature Animation. He also served as a storyboard artist, artistic director, production designer, and character designer on Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), The Lion King (1994), and Mulan (1998).

In 1985, Sanders created a character named "Stitch" for an unsuccessful children's book pitch. When Sanders was the head storyboard artist for Disney Feature Animation, then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner decided that, in the wake of a number of high-profile and large-budget Disney animated features during the mid-1990s, the studio might try its hand at a smaller and less expensive film. Chris Sanders was approached by Thomas Schumacher to pitch that idea, and Sanders reused the "Stitch" character he came up with. The storyline required a remote, non-urban location, so Sanders chose Kauaʻi as the location. Stitch became the central character of the 2002 film Lilo & Stitch, which Sanders co-directed and co-wrote with Dean DeBlois. Sanders would also end up voicing the character he created for the film. The film's commercial and critical success spawned a franchise with three sequel films and three television series, with Sanders reprising his role of Stitch throughout the original 2002–06 run of the franchise (Sanders did not reprise his role for the English dub of the anime Stitch! or the English-language-produced Chinese animated series Stitch & Ai, with Ben Diskin taking over the role for both series), as well in several later Disney crossover works such as Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, Kinect: Disneyland Adventures, and the Disney Infinity series.

In the late 1980s, Sanders created an allegorical picture book entitled The Big Bear Aircraft Company, with the subheading "A book for the big retreat" clarifying that it was created for a Disney offsite event. The Big Bear Aircraft Company is a thinly disguised version of Disney itself, and the book is critical of the creative process at the company, which prioritized "big ideas, figuring they will be big successes" and noted that if proposed aircraft (i.e., movie ideas) "don't look the same as the ones [that were] built before, [the boss, Big Bear] gets uncomfortable." After handing each idea pitched by the "visual engineer" to a writer who "likes airplanes" but "has actually never worked on one before, and couldn't tell you for sure what makes one fly", the story states the assigned writer "is guaranteed of making the same mistakes every time. He will make his airplane look like every one he's seen before ..." In the end, the head of the company, Big Bear, gets an airplane that is "a lot like last year's; not very inspiring and not very memorable. But people bought it before, and they'll probably buy it again. By playing it safe, he's insured his company's survival." However, since it is not the only aircraft company, these policies are destined to leave the company vulnerable to more imaginative competitors "with its wings of good reputation all shot off." The story concludes that Big Bear should instead give the visual engineers "the two things they need to do their job: Bear's trust and time" to allow smaller, more innovative ideas to flourish. Years later, to explain his motivation regarding the piece, Sanders wrote about his concern over "the ever-growing complexity of our films, and what I saw as an emerging pattern they were all cut from", citing the example that during the story development for Mulan, one of the major concerns was the manner of the villain's death rather than the idea that the villain had to die at all. This in turn motivated him to develop Lilo & Stitch, which he summarized as "a story about a villain who becomes a hero."

By December 2006, Sanders had been removed as the director of the upcoming Disney animated film American Dog by John Lasseter. By March 2007, Sanders had been negotiating his exit from Disney. After the departure of Sanders from Disney, directing duties were handed to Chris Williams and Byron Howard, and the film was retitled Bolt. Despite his departure from Disney, Sanders continues to voice Stitch in most official Disney media (except for the aforementioned Eastern-produced shows).

DreamWorks Animation
By March 2007, Sanders had moved to DreamWorks Animation and had then taken over as director on Crood Awakening (later renamed to The Croods), a project previously in co-production with Aardman Animations before their departure from DreamWorks. At the time, Sanders said about the move: "I've been so anxious to start working on things, and so I talked to a lot of people... I like the way DreamWorks looks at animation. Animation still has a lot of different places to go, and I don't want to miss out on a chance to try some new things with it."

On September 24, 2008, it was reported that Sanders and DeBlois would be screenwriting and directing How to Train Your Dragon for DreamWorks Animation. The film was released on March 26, 2010, and was a huge success with both critics and at the box office, grossing nearly $500 million worldwide. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Score at the 83rd Academy Awards. The movie also won ten Annie Awards, including Best Animated Feature.

After completing How to Train Your Dragon, Sanders returned to The Croods, which was released on March 22, 2013. He shared directing and writing credits with Kirk DeMicco, who had joined in the middle of production. The film proved to be a success, grossing over $500 million. Sanders and DeMicco then worked on The Croods sequel for three and a half years, before its cancellation in late 2016. However, the sequel was revived in September 2017, although with Joel Crawford replacing both Sanders and DeMicco as director. After the sequel was out, now titled The Croods: A New Age, Sanders and DeMicco were both credited for the story while Sanders reprised his role as Belt.

20th Century Studios/return to Disney
In October 2017, it was announced that Sanders would be directing a new film adaptation of the 1903 Jack London novel The Call of the Wild for 20th Century Fox. The film, his live-action and solo directorial debut, was released in February 2020. The film received mixed critical reception, with a 63% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes (as of March 2024), making it the lowest-received film in Sanders's directorial career thus far, and grossed $107.6 million on a budget of $125–$150 million, becoming Sanders's first directorial box-office bomb.

While it was speculated in February 2020 that Sanders would reprise his voice role of Stitch in the live-action remake of Lilo & Stitch, he claimed in a September 2022 interview that Disney had not yet approached him on reprising the role, although he stated that he was always open to returning to voice his creation. In April 2023, it was confirmed he would reprise his role in the remake.

Return to DreamWorks
On September 28, 2023, it was revealed that Sanders would return to DreamWorks Animation to write and direct an animated film adaptation of Peter Brown's book series The Wild Robot.

Personal life
Sanders is married to wife Jessica Steele-Sanders. Together, they wrote an illustrated novel, titled Rescue Sirens: The Search for the Atavist (2015). In September 2023, Sanders filed for divorce citing "irreconcilable differences", although he remains married to Steele-Sanders as of June 2024. Sanders also previously drew the webcomic Kiskaloo.

According to Phineas and Ferb co-creator Dan Povenmire, Sanders has a daughter named Nicole.

title: Chris Sanders


text:
Provisional Government of National Unity

The Provisional Government of National Unity (Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, TRJN) was a puppet government formed by the decree of the State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa, KRN) on 28 June 1945 as a result of reshuffling the Soviet-backed Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland established by the Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) through inclusion of politicians from the close political sphere of Stanisław Mikołajczyk, the former prime minister of the Polish government-in-exile based in London. Inclusion of the latter group provided an excuse for the Western allies to approve tacitly the fait accompli of Poland becoming part of the Soviet sphere of influence, and to legitimise the Warsaw government while withdrawing their recognition of the Polish government-in-exile.

Background
When Poland was conquered by Germany in 1939, a new government-in-exile was established in Paris (and moved to London after 1940 Nazi invasion of France). The government-in-exile was recognized by the British government, and controlled the main Polish resistance force, the Armia Krajowa (Home Army).

In 1943, the PPR and some other left-wing resistance groups formed the KRN as a national government of Poland, in rivalry to the exile government. In July 1944, the KRN proclaimed the Polish Committee of National Liberation (the "Lublin Committee" or PKWN) in territory liberated from Germany by the Soviet Army. The exile government denounced this, but was powerless to interfere, especially after the Armia Krajowa was largely destroyed in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.

Poland was not covered by the Percentages Agreement. Despite renaming the PKWN into the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (RTRP), Stalin promised during the Yalta Conference in February 1945 free elections in Poland, thus contradicting his prior stated position. By that time, Soviet forces had overrun nearly all of Poland, giving them and the KRN effective control. The US and Britain tacitly accepted this at Yalta, in return for Stalin's promise of free elections in Poland. The exile government was dependent on the support of the British and American governments, which did not grasp communist intentions and pressured the exile government to cooperate with the KRN. The Polish exile government still tried to hold out, but was ignored. A group including Stanisław Mikołajczyk, Prime Minister in 1943-1944, broke with the rest of the exiles and began seeking a deal with the communists.

Establishment
The TRJN was a result of negotiations held in Moscow from 17 June to 21 June 1945, between the PPR (Polish communists), the Soviet Union, and Mikołajczyk, who had created the Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) as the political vehicle for his participation. The PSL was a centrist organization and continuation of the prewar Polish agrarian movement. The pre-war People's Party also supported Mikołajczyk.

The TRJN government was composed of:
 * Prime Minister: Edward Osóbka-Morawski (Polish Socialist Party)
 * Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Regained Territories: Władysław Gomułka (PPR)
 * Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Agriculture and Agricultural Reform: Stanisław Mikołajczyk (PSL)

The entire government was composed of:
 * PPR: 7 ministers
 * Socialist Party: 6 ministers
 * People's Party: 3 ministers
 * PSL: 3 ministers
 * Democratic Party: 2 ministers

The exile government did not recognize the TRJN.

Subsequent events
On 21 June, General Leopold Okulicki, former Commander of the Polish Home Army was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment in Moscow for the alleged sabotage against the Soviet Army. Ten other Poles were given similar sentences in the Trial of the Sixteen. On 24 December 1946, Okulicki died in Butyrka prison.

The TRJN was already bound by the "Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Help, and Cooperation" with the USSR which the Provisional Government had signed on 21 April. Which established friendly relations with the Soviet Union and cemented Poland as part of the Eastern Bloc.

On 5 July 1945, the TRJN was recognized by the United States. It was soon also recognized by the other major Allies, France and the United Kingdom. It was not recognized by the Vatican.

On 6 July, while the Polish government-in-exile maintained its existence, both the United States and the United Kingdom formally withdrew the recognition of it.

On 10 July, Osóbka-Morawski announced the expulsion of all Germans from Poland.

From 17 July to 2 August, a delegation from the TRJN attended the 1945 Potsdam Conference.

On 16 August, a Soviet-Polish border agreement was signed in Moscow. Before the end of August, Poland agreed to cede the eastern provinces to the Soviet Union and officially recognized the eastern border based on a slightly modified Curzon line.

On 16 October, delegates of the TRJN signed the United Nations Charter and Poland became a member of the United Nations.

The 'free and fair' elections promised by the TRJN were postponed until the communists were sure they could control the election process. In the meantime, they increased repressions of opposition members, who were bribed, threatened, delegalised, or even murdered. In the words of Gomułka, the goal of the communists was to be the "hegemon of the nation" and nothing would stop them. On 30 June 1946, they tested their control during the 3xTAK referendum, falsifying the results and claiming 68% support.

Two great reforms carried out by TRJN were the nationalization decree and the Three-Year Plan (of 1947–49), both issued in 1946. The nationalization decree gave the government control over every enterprise which employed more than 50 people; by the end of the year, 90% of the country's industry was controlled by the government.

Notes of Stalin's Speech during a Reception at the Kremlin on 23 June 1944
"Mr. Zurawski is right to say that blood is being shed between the Polish and Russian people. For centuries, Poland and Russia were at war with each other, and only Germany benefited. The Poles occupied Moscow twice - the Russians abandoned them. In the past, Poles had many reasons to hate Russia. Russia is more responsible for the centuries-long relationship between Poland and Russia because it is stronger than Poland. Old Tsarist Russia and its people carried out a policy of repression against the Poles. Russia needs new people to change the policies of Tsarist Russia."

Dissolution
The communists dominated the Polish legislative elections of January 1947. The new parliament (Sejm Ustawodawczy) replaced the KRN; it named a new government headed by Józef Cyrankiewicz. On 19 January 1947, TRJN was dissolved and passed its prerogatives as the government of Poland to the new government.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The brushback.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:20, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

The brushback.com
Delete, self-advertising/non-notable website Atratus 10:05, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And the Alexa ranking is 182,470. Not notable, delete. --Dmcdevit 10:13, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable website advertising. JamesBurns 10:36, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable, unless someone can prove otherwise. — Ram-Man (comment) (talk) 13:00, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Dmcdevit -Harmil 15:47, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

DO NOT DELETE---this is a growing site that should be included
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
WJMN (FM)

WJMN (94.5 FM) is a rhythmic CHR radio station licensed to Boston, Massachusetts, United States, and is owned and operated by iHeartMedia. The station's studios are located in Medford and its transmitter site is in Newton, Massachusetts.

WHDH-FM (1948–1972)
WJMN was originally WHDH-FM: a sister station to, and simulcast of, WHDH (AM). In 1965, to comply with a Federal Communications Commission regulation limiting simulcasting between commonly owned AM and FM stations in the same city, WHDH-FM began separate programming with an automated middle-of-the-road format in stereo. In late 1967, WHDH-FM changed its format to automated progressive rock (predating future FM rocker WBCN by several months), but by late 1969, the station returned to automated beautiful music after a little "intervention", allegedly from WHDH Inc.'s chief executive officer, Harold J. Clancy (who did not particularly approve of putting rock and roll on "MY FM station!"). Although this format remained until 1975, it was not particularly successful, despite a 1972 attempt to establish a separate identity by changing the call letters to WCOZ (as in "Cozy").

WCOZ (1972–1984)
Originally owned by Herald-Traveler Corp., parent of the Boston Herald-Traveler newspaper, the station was sold to Blair Radio in 1972, and in the 1980s to Sconnix. Several ownership changes followed which eventually resulted in Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) acquiring 94.5 FM.

In the summer of 1975, WCOZ announced that it would change its format to an album-oriented rock station under their new name WCOZ 94½ FM, which it did on August 15 of that year. Although automated at first, a team of live announcers was hired, led by Kenny Shelton and program director Clark Smidt. By the end of 1975, WCOZ had live announcers around the clock that also included George Taylor Morris, Leslie Palmiter, Lisa Karlin, Mark Parenteau and Robert Desiderio. WCOZ's format was tightened significantly in 1978, when new Program Director Tommy Hadges arrived from arch rival WBCN. Parenteau simultaneously defected to WBCN at that point.

In 1980, another new program director, John Sebastian, arrived and made some changes. WCOZ was still a rock station, but its focus was tightened to loud, hard rock (or "Kickass Rock 'N' Roll!", according to the station's slogan) with minimal announcer talk and short play list. It was extremely successful, peaking with a 13.1 in the ratings in 1982, but with the changes in rock music during the 1980s, the station's success did not last; its rival WBCN moved past it in the ratings. By late 1983, WCOZ had changed formats to a short lived adult contemporary format.

WZOU (1984–1993)
In September 1984, the station's call letters were changed to WZOU, and flipped to a Top 40 format to compete against WXKS-FM and WHTT. In 1986, it became known as Z-94. Program Director David Gariano had success with the Top 40 format, which featured original 1984 personalities Mike Morin and Brad Krantz, Jeff Michaels, Steve York, Jim Cutler, Uncle Johnny, Jon "Rock N Roll" Anthony, Marc Mitchell, and Scott Brunner. In 1985, Pat McKay and Karen "The Madam" Blake joined the morning team. In June 1987, Dan McCoy arrived to do afternoons and eventually moved to mid-days, where he remained until April 1990. WZOU was Boston's affiliate for Rick Dees Weekly Top 40.

Though WHTT would change formats in 1986, WXKS-FM successfully adapted to a Top 40/CHR format in December 1982, and would cut into Z-94's ratings later in the decade. What also didn't help the station's ratings was the declining popularity of the format in the late 1980s–early 1990s.

WJMN (1993–present)
Since its inception on May 11, 1993, "Jam'n 94.5" has become one of Boston's most successful radio stations. Even after its sale to Chancellor in 1996, station management decided not to tamper with the format as they see WJMN as part of a winning combination with top 40/CHR sister station WXKS-FM, a formula that continues to the present day.

When "Jam'n" debuted, the station had a playlist of a balanced mix of R&B/hip-hop, rhythmic pop, and dance product (the same approach was used at WXKS-FM when it made the transition from disco to urban in 1981, and then to Top 40 the following year). However, by the end of 1999, it began to play a variety of music that was along the lines of urban contemporary hits, heavy on the hip-hop to the extent of not playing non-rap rhythmic tracks. This would last until the beginning of 2009, when WJMN began tweaking their musical selection to once again include rhythmic/pop-charting artists like Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, Kesha, Katy Perry, David Guetta, Edward Maya, Adele, and Lady Gaga. This tweaking has sparked a lot of talk on radio message boards and follows a pattern among rhythmic-format stations that have scaled back on the heavy amount of hip-hop in favor of a more balanced approach. This continued until mid 2013, when facing competition from rhythmic AC-formatted WBQT (which features some of WJMN's former airstaff), WJMN has added more hip hop and R&B content and scaled back on dance tracks, but still remains rhythmic. Because of this, several music trades (like Mediabase) and Nielsen Audio have listed WJMN as Rhythmic because the audience it targets is racially mixed and the region's African-American population is not that large.

WJMN's voiceover artist was, at first, Brian James. From the late 1990s until 2019, the station's voiceover artist was Eric Edwards; he has since been replaced by Lucas Nugent. "Jam'n" morning drive, for the first two years, was hosted by John "J.R." Edwards. In February 1995, Baltazar, former night show host at WQHT in New York City, took over mornings. Two months later, Pebbles, formerly of WILD, became morning co-host. The duo were very popular among Boston listeners, particularly with younger audiences. Baltazar left the show on October 26, 2001, giving way to the "Ramiro and Pebbles Morning Show" when afternoon host Ramiro Torres moved to mornings. Pebbles was unexpectedly let go from the station in December 2012, with mornings then hosted by Torres, Santi "Krazy Kulo" DeOleo and Ashlee Feldman, under the name "The Ramiro's House Morning Show". Torres and DeOleo were let go in July 2015 due to their contracts not being renewed. Frankie Vinci, formerly of station KHTS in San Diego (and also a native of the nearby suburb of Framingham), would join the morning show alongside Feldman, with the show now titled "The Jam'n Morning Show w/ Frankie & Ashlee." On May 12, 2016, WJMN replaced Vinci and Feldman with the syndicated Breakfast Club from sister WWPR-FM in New York. On March 25, 2019, Feldman and DeOleo would return to mornings, and would be joined by longtime station mixer DJ Pup Dawg and DJ 4eign.

WJMN also has an HD2 sub-channel that serves as a local affiliate of the Black Information Network, which is an all-news service specifically geared toward African-American listeners. It previously broadcast a soft adult contemporary format known as The Breeze from November 2018 to June 30, 2020. It also previously broadcast old-school hip hop music from January 27, 2006, to March 1, 2013, and offered a simulcast of sister station WXKS from then until November 2018.

For a time, Boston was the largest market without an urban-formatted radio station; heritage R&B AM daytimer WILD, which served the area's African-American community since 1967, began airing China Radio International programming in June 2011, and its one-time hip hop sister station WBOT (which later became urban AC WILD-FM), which gave the market its first full-time urban outlet on the FM band in 1999 despite having a weak signal, has been defunct since the summer of 2006, when Radio One (which owned both stations) sold it to Entercom and flipped it to a simulcast of WAAF as WKAF. However, in February 2016, AM station WZBR flipped from a simulcast of WSRO to urban (they have since changed formats). In January 2017, WKAF flipped back to urban AC, returning that format to the Boston market for the first time since WILD-FM flipped over ten years prior, and 11 months later, became a sister station to WJMN.

title: WJMN (FM)


text: File:A Painted House.JPG

title: File:A Painted House.JPG


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Heinz Winkler (chef)

Heinz Winkler (17 July 1949 – 28 October 2022) was an Italian-German three-Michelin star chef.

Heinz Winkler was the youngest ever chef to receive three Michelin stars, when, in 1981, he was 32 years old. He also was the first Italian chef to receive three Michelin stars. He specialized in cooking wild game. He received the Federal Cross of Merit in 2001.

Winkler died on 28 October 2022, at the age of 73.

title: Heinz Winkler (chef)


text:
Police of Poland

The Police (Policja, ) is the Polish national civilian police force. It is a primary law enforcement agency in the country, tasked with providing public safety and order, investigating and preventing crime.

Polish Police is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Police, subordinate to the Minister of Interior and Administration. The Police is supported by municipal forces of city guards, having less legal authority and with jurisdiction only over prosecuting contraventions.

Terminology
The force's name, Policja, translates into the English language as Police.

An individual officer is typically called a policjant (plural policjanci); these are not, however, official titles and are not included in the official rank structure, they are simply terms used to refer to any police officer regardless of the rank they may hold. A police station is known as Komenda Policji or Komisariat Policji both of which translate more or less into English as Police Commissariat. Female officers may be referred to as policjantki, the singular of which is policjantka.

On the whole, officers' individual ranks are not used by the general public and thus when addressing an officer, it is common to hear the term Pan (female - Pani), Polish for mister/miss used to refer to police officers. On occasion, this may or may not be followed by the terms Oficer or Funkcjonariusz.

History
In 1919, with the re-independence of the Polish nation, the state reorganised itself along non-federalist lines and established a centralised form of government. Under the auspices of the new government and with assistance from a British mission of soldiers and police officers led by Brigadier-General Gordon Macready, a new national police force was formed; this 'Polish State Police' (Policja Państwowa) then existed as the primary law enforcement agency for the entire nation up until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. During the inter-war period, a number of key law enforcement duties were delegated to other formations, such as the Border Guard and Military Gendarmerie.

With the end of World War II and the onset of the communist period, the new Soviet backed government decided to radically change the structure of policing in Poland; the state 'Policja' was renamed as the 'Milicja Obywatelska' (Citizen's Militia), a name which was meant to reflect a change in the role of the police, from an instrument of oppression ensuring the position of the bourgeoisie, to a force composed of, and at the service of 'normal citizens'. Ironically the reality turned out to be largely the opposite and the Milicja instead represented a rather state-controlled force which was used to exert political repression on the citizens. The Milicja was, for the most part, detested by the general populace; events such as the police's conduct during the Gdańsk Shipyard Strike and surrounding the Popiełuszko affair, only worsened the people's view of their law enforcement agencies.

After the fall of the communist government in Poland, the system was reformed once again, this time reviving the pre-war name of 'Policja' and albeit with a few minor changes, the general system of law-enforcement of the Second Republic.

Transportation and equipment
Today, most common types include various models from Kia (Cee'd model - ca. 4000 in use) Škoda (mainly Octavia), Alfa Romeo, Ford Mondeo, Opel (mainly Opel Astra), Volkswagen, and Toyota, as of 2011 the FSO Polonez (manufactured in Poland) is no longer in use. The Polish police force has, since joining the European Union, been undergoing a thorough restructuring and has in the process acquired a large number of new vehicles; as of 2011 this process is still ongoing and new vehicles are constantly being procured in order to replace ageing old patrol cars as their service lives come to an end. In addition to standard sedan and hatchback model vehicles, the Policja has been investing significant amounts of money in developing their ability to respond to any incident no matter where it may be, this has in turn led to the purchase of a large number of all-terrain 4x4 vehicles and multi-purpose vans and trucks. This expansion in capabilities was a stated requirement of the police force's restructuring program.

Beginning in 2009, the painting scheme is being modified to a silver body design with blue reflective strip, similar to modern German police cars.

Traditionally, vehicles were painted a dark blue color with side doors painted in white, and with white stripes and the word "POLICJA" on both sides. Earlier versions (used at the beginning of the 1990s) had a thinner stripe with the word "POLICJA" written under it. This design was adopted from the paint scheme used by the communist milicja. Some formerly used vehicles even had visible traces of the word "POLICJA" being corrected from "MILICJA", with the first two letters in a different shade of white, on a patch of a different shade of blue.

All uniformed and most non-uniformed officers of the state police are routinely armed. In addition to their firearm, Policja officers carry handcuffs and a number of other pieces of equipment which usually includes a personal radio system for communication with other officers and their police station. Pepper spray is also commonly issued to officers in order to provide them with a non-lethal alternative weapon with which to incapacitate violent suspects.

Riot police, when needs be, are provided with non-ballistic body armour, helmets and shields. Less-lethal weaponry is also used by riot-control units such as shotguns with rubber bullets, tear gas canisters or water cannons. Sometimes they also deploy LRAD units. The strict control of civilian firearms ownership in Poland, only recently liberalized, has significantly aided the police in keeping gun crime to a minimum, and thus the incidence of police firearms use is low.

Current patrol fleet
The below list is not intended to be a full list of all the vehicles used by the Polish Police, instead it lists the most commonly used vehicles.

Patrol cars
As of 1 January 2018;
 * Kia (Cee’d, Venga) - 5 732 vehicles
 * Opel (Astra, Vectra, Corsa, Insignia, Mokka) – 2 785
 * Škoda (Octavia, Fabia, Superb, Rapid) – 968
 * Hyundai (i30, i20, Elantra) – 589

{|
 * valign="top" width="25%"|
 * valign="top" width="25%"|

Vans
As of 1 January 2018;
 * Fiat (Ducato) – 1 899 vehicles
 * VW (Transporter, Crafter, Multivan, Caddy) – 596 vehicles
 * Mercedes (Sprinter, Vito, Viano) – 637 vehicles
 * Renault (Traffic, Master, Kangoo) – 506 vehicles
 * Opel (Movano, Vivaro) – 236 vehicles

Buses

 * Autosan
 * Iveco
 * valign="top" width="25%"|

Motorcycles

 * Yamaha FJR1300
 * Honda CB250
 * BMW K1200S
 * BMW F800ST
 * Triumph Tiger 1050
 * Honda CBF1000A
 * valign="top" width="25%"|

All terrain vehicles
As of 1 January 2018;
 * Nissan (Pathfinder, Terrano, Patrol, X-Trail, Navara) – 204 vehicles
 * Kia (Sorento, Sportage) – 144 vehicles
 * Land Rover (Defender, Freelander) – 89 vehicles
 * Mitsubishi (L200, Pajero) – 126 vehicles
 * Toyota (Hilux, Land Cruiser, Rav) – 48 vehicles
 * }

Aircraft

The Policja currently has a total of 13 helicopters at its disposal, these are based in:

 * Kraków - 1 x PZL W-3 Sokół
 * Szczecin - 1 x PZL W-3 Sokół
 * Warsaw - 2 x Mil Mi-8, 2 x Bell 407, 1 x Bell 412, 3 x Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk S-70i variant.
 * Łódź - 1 x Bell 206
 * Poznań - 1 x Bell 407
 * Wrocław - 1 x Bell 206

In addition to the airborne and land-based patrol units of the Policja, many regional commands, and especially those based near the coast or through which major waterways flow, have maritime units. The largest of police maritime units are currently found on the Vistula river in Warsaw (under the command of the Capital Police) and the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship where there is a large network of lakes and rivers. In coastal areas, maritime law enforcement cooperation also exists between the Policja and the Polish Border Guard.

 * Polish Police aircraft fleet list on official website

General commander of the Policja
The Policja's general commander is the senior-most officer of the Polish police. The rank of the general commander (usually General Inspector) is considered to be equivalent to that of a ranking general in the Polish military and both general inspektors and chief inspectors (who are also considered Police 'Generals') are entitled to wear embroidered white eagles, the state symbol, on their uniform lapels.

The commander’s apparatus is the National Police Headquarters based in Warsaw's Puławska Street. It is from here that the day-to-day administration and organisation of the Polish police's activities is coordinated. The headquarters is considered to have jurisdictional supremacy over all its other units, and subordinate commanders are responsible to the general commander in their capacity as his regional 'executives'.

The position has existed in a number of guises throughout the existence of the Polish police, and whilst the current office came into being following Poland's transformation into a liberal democracy in 1990, the same rank was also used for the highest-ranking officer of the State Police of the Second Republic during the inter-war years. Nowadays, holders of this office are considered to be successors to the commanders of the inter-war state police; commanding officers of the communist-era Milicja Obywatelska (Citizens' Militia) however, are not considered successors of the original cadre of Policja generals as they exercised authority over an organisation often utilised by the state as an instrument of political oppression.

Since 1990 there have been twelve general commanders of the Policja who have completed their service. General Inspector Marek Papała, the formet holder of the office, was assassinated by a person or persons unknown on 25 June 1998. He was shot in the head with a silenced weapon whilst exiting his car near his home in Warsaw's southern Mokotów district. The commander's murder remains unsolved and is considered to be one of the most significant outstanding cases under active investigation by the Polish police.

Rank structure

 * Officers

 * Other

Structure and branches of the Policja
The Policja is currently divided into a number of different services. Each voivodeship/municipal command has subdivisions within its force. This leaves the police service with a large number of specialised branches which can more specifically target certain types of crime and apply more expert knowledge in the investigation of cases relating to their area of policing. In addition to these specific groups, all police forces retain a majority of officers for the purpose of patrol duty and general law enforcement. Typically a constituent force of the Policja will contain the following subdivisions within its structure:
 * Criminal Police (Policja Kryminalna) - investigation and prevention of serious and violent crime
 * The criminal police may include specialised teams such as anti-drugs and financial crime prevention units
 * All forces have crime scene and forensics units
 * Preventative Police (Policja Prewencyjna) - general law enforcement operations and patrol duty (includes riot police divisions)
 * Counter-terrorism Police (Policja Kontrterrorystyczna) - special and high risk operations
 * Traffic Police (Policja Ruchu Drogowego) - road safety, traffic marshalling and highway patrol/pursuit
 * Logistical Support Police (Policja Wspomagająca) - provision of logistical support and technical skills
 * Police Aviation Service (Służba Lotnictwa Policji) - aviation support (not present in every force)
 * Investigative Police (Policja Śledcza) - investigation of complex cases and process of referral to the state prosecutor's office
 * Judicial Police (Policja Sądowa) - protection of court and state prosecutor's office premises, judges, prosecutors, victims and suspects, execution of court orders
 * Maritime Police (Policja Wodna) - maritime patrol and pursuit

Anti-terrorism units (BOA/SPKP)
The Policja has highly qualified and well-equipped counter-terrorism formations. The central (national-level) anti-terrorism is BOA KGP (Central Counter-terrorism Police Subunit, previously Biuro Operacji Antyterrorystycznych, Bureu of Anti-terrorism Operations), which is part of the Komenda Główna Policji (Policja Headquarters). On a regional level, voivodeship commands have control of smaller units called SPAP (Samodzielny Pododdział Kontrterrorystyczny Policji), Independent Counter-terrorism Policja Subunit), these units are responsible for, high-risk arrests, search warrant execution service, hostage rescue operations (only in alarm situations; BOA has priority in this task) and other similar tasks.

Because of their training and skill level, members of the BOA and SPKP units cooperate with similar special police formations from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany and other ATLAS members. They also, train with servicemen from Służba Ochrony Państwa, Straż Graniczna, Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, Wojska Specjalne, and most recently with the U.S. Army and 10th CAB's premier special missions company, A/3-10 GSAB WarAngels.

Peacekeeping and international cooperation
Since the Policja's foundation in its current form in 1990, the service has taken part and continues to participate in a number of international peacekeeping and international police missions around the world. To date the Policja has sent officers to participate in the following international peacekeeping missions: In addition to participating in international missions, the Policja also send delegates to and cooperate with international law enforcement agencies and organisations such as Europol and Interpol. Currently the Polish officers make up the eighth largest staff contingent of Europol; a figure which is expected to rise as the Polish police force becomes more integrated with, and more active within, the organisation. Europol has also become far more important to Poland's policing community in recent years since Poland, in 2007, became a signatory of the Schengen Agreement, allowing for greater European integration, uninterrupted travel, and cross-border police cooperation. To this end, Polish cooperation with the German, Czech, Slovakian and Lithuanian police services has reached an all-time high. Furthermore, the Policja officers have taken part in a number of foreign police officer training and exchange programs, such as Project Lifesaver, which has seen a number of officers sent to the UK to observe and discuss alternative methods of policing abroad.
 * United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) - 3 officers
 * European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) - initially 12 officers (2003), later reduced to 3 senior advisers (2009)
 * European Union Police Mission in Afghanistan (EUPOL Afghanistan) - 3 officers and 2 senior advisers
 * European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM) - 10 officers (working alongside 16 officers of the Żandarmeria Wojskowa)
 * European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) - 8 senior advisers

As a constituent member of Interpol, the Polish police is expected to adhere to the terms of International arrest warrants and cooperate with the police forces of other nations through formal diplomatic channels. In many cases such cooperation has led to the arrest of high-risk criminals.

Organisation
The Polish Police is a centralised police force, organised under one central command in Warsaw and with all officers assigned to one of 17 voivodeship/municipal operations' commands, except in the case that they are specialists working independently for the national commandant.

Police training establishments
The Policja has five training establishments sited within Poland. Four of these training establishments are police schools for enlisted personnel, whilst the fifth is a higher educational institution tasked with the education of officers and senior officials in a range of disciplines and expertises. The four junior colleges are located in: The final police training establishment in Poland is the Akademia Policji or Police Academy in Szczytno (Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). This school was founded in 1954 as the officer academy of the Milicja Obywatelska, renamed in 1972 to the Higher Militia School, the college finally became the Higher Police School upon Poland's return to liberal democracy in 1990. Since then it has remained the only establishment in the country certified to run courses for commissioned officers of the Polish police, and the officer's commissioning course. All students who attend the Higher Police School are expected to study criminal, constitutional and economic law. In addition to academic studies, officer candidates are trained in modern policing techniques, weapons' handling, and informatics. The college has numerous links with senior police academies in Europe and throughout the wider world.
 * Piła, Greater Poland Voivodeship - Piła Police School (Szkoła Policji w Pile)
 * Słupsk, Pomeranian Voivodeship - Słupsk Police School (Szkoła Policji w Słupsku)
 * Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship - Katowice Police School (Szkoła Policji w Katowicach)
 * Legionowo, Masovian Voivodeship - Police Training Centre (Centrum Szkolenia Policji)

Representative Honor Guard Company of the Policja
The Representative Honor Guard Company (Kompania reprezentacyjna Policja) is the ceremonial drill unit of the police. Affiliated with the Representative Honor Guard Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces, it performs public duties and drill and ceremony on behalf of the police force and the President of Poland. In regards to national events, it mainly performs during the annual National Independence Day ceremony in November alongside other honor units on Piłsudski Square.

Representative Band of the Policja
The Policja's representative band was first founded in 1968. Its core was composed of a group of several musicians, which gradually expanded. From the beginning, the band improved rapidly, reaching a high artistic level, as reflected in the discretion of the judges at musical contests nationwide. In the years 1984, 1986, 1988, the band won its most prestigious trophy, the Cup of the Minister of Internal Affairs. From the outset, the musicians performed at various national, departmental, religious and state events. The band's musicians have on numerous occasions represented the Polish police outside the country, including concerts in Denmark, Belgium, Czech Republic, Belarus and Russia, yet they still value their well-kept tradition of playing performances for the ordinary residents of Warsaw. The band's musical repertoire includes marches, concert pieces, transcriptions of orchestral music and religious songs, as well as a great deal of other developmental music. Being the official representative band of the Policja, the group's musicians are often invited to play parade music for important events on national holidays such as the 3rd May Constitution Day.

Criticism of the Policja
Overall the level of trust in the Policja and its work has increased steadily over the years since 2001. In 2001 only 46% of respondents to a national survey carried out on behalf of the police categorised their work and achievements as 'good', however, by the end of 2009 this figure had grown significantly, and despite small undulations, an average of 72% rated the Policja's work as 'good' or better. This brings the level of trust in the police to around the same level of 64-75% seen in other member states of the European Union.

Much in the same way as other national police forces, the Policja is sometimes criticised for the methods it employs in maintaining law and order, such criticism is typically voiced by Polish youth. This is most commonly expressed with the acronyms (C)HWDP and JP.

title: Police of Poland


text:
Talk:Pyramid (franchise)

Question
Here's a question I have (and I wonder if Daniel Benfield) can help me answer this:

A while back, I went to my local library, and took a look through old L.A. Times and N.Y. Times microfilms. The L.A. one for the week of November 21, 1983 listed three airings for $25K Pyramid, while the N.Y. one listed only two airings, and the J.F.K. Memorial Mass.

But here's where it gets even more confusing: Press Your Luck, the show that aired after $25K Pyramid, was also preempted on January 2, 1984, yet for some reason, S2X's episode guide clearly states that episode #74 aired on that particular day. And the 6/7/84 episode (before Michael Larson's reign of terror) was listed as #187, not only on this episode guide, but also on GSN's PDF schedules as well.

What could be throwing my numbering off in the case of both shows, I may never know. Unless there was an unaired episode for both shows that was taped but never shown on CBS (the one from Back-to-School week 1985 on PYL notwithstanding). When I say that this makes no sense whatsoever, I mean it.

Sorry if this is somewhat off-topic, but this is something that I must know. And Daniel, $25,000 Pyramid's 1,000th episode on CBS aired on August 1, 1986.

picture
Dire need of a picture. Redwolf24 10:08, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

reference
References in pop culture: The Pyramid game is satirized on Dr. Dre's 1992 rap album, "The Chronic", as "The $20 Sack Pyramid" where the players attempt to win some weed and money for a "swap meet".

Bob Stewart Productions returns?
Could it be that Stewart returned to television back in 2002 by becoming a silent partner for Pyramid? I found his company name at the Internet Movie Data Base. King Shadeed 15:14, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Probably an error by someone who lumped it in with the other versions. Stewart was credited on the 2002 as creator of the format though. Scrabbleship 16:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Where, exactly? I don't remember seeing his name in the credits. Green Lantern

 * Maybe even before? Sande Stewart was a consultant/possibly producer on "Million Dollar Password" in 2008. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.59.206.114 (talk) 01:22, 11 October 2021 (UTC)

Split-apart
I added this tag in the article page because it is getting too long, and some sections are getting attention away from the main focus. Rather than adding verylong, it would be better to leave this tag alone until we can work this article out. --Gh87 09:22, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Support. This article has just gotten WAY too long, and there's way too much information for each version of the show that I persoanlly feel that the need their own articles. FamicomJL 19:15, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Support, but keep it to a minimum. In my opinion, three articles are necessary. The first should have information on the original 3 Pyramids ($10K, $20K, and original $25K), the second should have the info about the '80s versions and the John Davidson-hosted revival, and the third should be about the Osmond version. --ChrisP2K5 19:29, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Support, however a hypothetical split should have the $50K in with the $10K/$20K/original $25K rather than in with the '80s/Davidson versions given that version was closer to its predecessors than its followers. Scrabbleship 22:51, 26 December 2006 (UTC)
 * 'Note', Right down to the theme, even. FamicomJL 00:55, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Response. I agree with that, however I don't believe the Osmond version has enough info to warrant a new article. FamicomJL 23:20, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Support Yes, the article is a bit lengthy. Gamesurf 22:33, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Support. I think it should be split too. I think that the 70s versions should be on one page, the 80s version and Davidson's on another, and Osmond's on a third. Also, at least mention should be made (if it hasn't already) about the late 1990s pilots (one of which, I think, was hosted by Chuck Woolery). TenPoundHammer 06:14, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Support. I already got the ball rolling by splitting the sections on game and tournament play off into a separate article. Starbuck-2 10:59, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * That's not going to help, Starbuck-2. It's easier to do it with separate versions. --ChrisP2K5 01:54, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Shall we re-integrate the split-apart sections into the main article until we can find an effective method? --Green Lantern 02:45, 18 March 2006
 * Strongly Support. This article is way too long. We need detailed pages for each version because they were very different throughout their separate runs. KansasCity 13:38, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Intro rewrite
The introduction doesn't really make it clear that Pyramid is the collective title for multiple incarnations of the same show. I'm not sure of how to rewrite the intro, however -- does anyone have any suggestions? Ten Pound Hammer and his otters • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps) 05:41, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I took a shot at it. JTRH (talk) 13:48, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a start. All the pages related to this show still need work; just like most of the game show pages, there's just too much cruft. Ten Pound Hammer  and his otters • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps) 01:51, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

To add to that, I would request the addition of a paragraph explaining why the pairings must be between a celebrity and a regular contestant. I mean, cannot two regular contestants (not a celebrity and a contestant) compete against each other? --Marceki111 (talk) 18:43, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

Gameplay info
How about some info about the actual game play? That all got wiped out when the gameplay subarticle got nuked, and it needs to be re-added to this article. Ten Pound Hammer and his otters • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps) 04:52, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I really don't know why the guy prodded it without asking us if we wanted to take any of the info and trim it for the main article. Best we can do is get someone who really knows the game well, and can sum it up in a few paragraphs or less. FamicomJL (talk) 16:25, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I asked an admin to userfy the page, and am currently taking a whack at trimming it down. It can be found here in case anyone else wants to help. Ten Pound Hammer  and his otters • (Broken clamshells•Otter chirps) 21:41, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I put in some basic, straightforward gameplay information. I haven't yet dealt with the bonuses like the Lucky Seven/Big Seven, 7-11, etc., and I only saw the $50,000 version once, so I have little knowledge of it. Feel free to expand, or to whack away. JTRH (talk) 04:07, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Regarding the coin toss to break the Winner's Circle tie in tournament play, the coin toss was conducted on stage, and in Episodes #373, #374, and #547 (September 9-10, 1987, and August 30, 1988, respectively) Dick Clark used a half-dollar. Megaultrasuperuberviewer (talk) 07:42, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Your edit is being reverted because that information is trivia. Sottolacqua (talk) 12:40, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

John Davidsion version distributor
Orbis Communications never distributed the John Davidson version of The 100,000Pyramid, so that's incorrect. It was Multimedia Entertainment that was the distributor for that version. King Shadeed 14:47, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Multimedia was the distributor for the second season, Orbis for the first (the latter was even mentioned in the show's closing credits, as was parent company Carolco). — Preceding unsigned comment added by RadioChuck (talk • contribs) 07:36, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Short count
"A weekly syndicated nighttime version, known as The $25,000 Pyramid", with a "network daytime version" that "increased its top prize and was renamed The $20,000 Pyramid". Huh?! TREKphiler  hit me ♠  08:57, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * A version hosted by Bill Cullen aired once a week at night and was titled The $25k Pyramid. A version hosted by Dick Clark aired daily in the mornings and was titled The $20k Pyramid. Sottolacqua (talk) 12:07, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

Payout confusion
I was always under the assumption that in the 1982-1988 runs, the first Winner's Circle was worth $10,000, and a second victory was an ADDITIONAL $25,000. Meaning two wins in the same day netted a player $35,000. This is the impression I got from Dick Clark's explanation at the top of the show. Thanks for the correction.

71.55.45.97 (talk) 16:33, 17 July 2009 (UTC)Bryce Lozier

Shelley Smith
Sorry, I'm still trying to figure out how to format this:

I am sure that the Wikipedia reference to Shelley Smith in the article is the wrong one.

The Shelley Smith Wikepedia link goes to the redhead long-time ESPN reporter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley_Smith

The Shelley Smith that was on the $100,000 Pyramid

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qt1Hx_qE6G8&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ji_ZFRqYsp8&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%22shelley+smith%22+pyramid

is blond, a former actress/"supermodel,"

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:5sGLUNKVkLwJ:supermodelicons.com/shelly-smith/2009/09/11/+shelley+smith+actress+egg+donor+program+pyramid&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0809948/

and is the founder of the Egg Donor Program in Studio City California.

http://www.eggdonation.com/about-us.html

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week1001/cover.html

http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/2000/novdec/articles/eggdonor.html

You may want to create a separate entry for the other Shelley Smith

You may also want to go to the Youtube pages to link the winning tournament games as able to the videos. Thanks.PryaKoopNinja (talk) 15:24, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

Comcast Commercial Spoofing Pyramid
Anyone besides me remember the Comcast commercial that spoofed Pyramid, using the old set from the 10k-100k era. It ran from 2006-2009 during their 'Comcastic' ad campaign LReyome254 17:05, 21 August 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by LReyome254 (talk • contribs)

Announcers
It says in the infobox that Steve O'Brien was the announcer from 1979 to 1982. It should be 1979-1981. Also Alan Kalter should be in the infobox along with Steve O'Brien. The two alternated after Bob Clayton died.--E2e3v6 (talk) 23:33, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Chris McDermott correct spelling of a 1991 tournament winner
I am she. What's interesting in that tournament the three finalists were named Chris, Christy, and Christine. John Davidson had some fun (?) with that.

Unsourced Material
Article has been tagged long-term for needing references. Feel free to reinsert the below material with appropriate citations. Doniago (talk) 17:26, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;font-size:88%;text-align: left; border: 1px solid silver; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! style="background-color: #CFC;" | History (material currently in article redacted) ==History== The original concept presented to CBS by creator Bob Stewart was a rough pilot presentation titled Cash on the Line taped at CBS' Ed Sullivan Theater on February 2, 1973. It was said the programming executives at the network liked only the second part of the proposed program's format, and suggested that Stewart rework it into another game. This eventually became the main game portion of Pyramid, featuring two civilian contestants, each partnered with a celebrity.
 * style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white; " |
 * style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white; " |

Stewart then reworked the game and presented another version to CBS, with a bonus round that featured a giant pyramid board (then with 10 subjects instead of 6) and a $10,000 cash prize which could be won in one minute. He made the point that offering such a large amount of money in such a quick fashion had not been done before on television. There was no second pilot episode taped, but a run-through presentation was made in front of the network executives, with Peggy Cass and Bill Cullen as the celebrities demonstrating the new Pyramid game format.

Broadcast history
The first thirty episodes (six weeks) which aired on ABC were taped at CBS' Ed Sullivan Theater while a replica set was built at ABC's smaller Elysee Theater, known also as Studio TV-15. One reason may have been the size of the set (including the giant Pyramid board itself); also, and Pyramid historian William Padron had said that the CBS union staff objected to seeing their creations moved to an ABC studio. The first episode taped at ABC was broadcast on June 17, 1974 with June Lockhart and William Shatner.

A weekly syndicated nighttime version, known as The $25,000 Pyramid and hosted by Bill Cullen, made its debut in September 1974, seen mostly on network-affiliated stations during the prime access time slot. This edition lasted until September 1979.

The network daytime version was a ratings success for ABC, usually ranked #3 among daytime game shows. On January 19, 1976, the show increased its top prize and was renamed The $20,000 Pyramid. However, ratings later began to slide, and ABC canceled the show on June 27, 1980.

For a six-week period from October 1 to November 9, 1979, the series became Junior Partner Pyramid, with the traditional celebrity-contestant pairings scrapped in favor of children teamed with their parents or other adult relatives.

From January 26 to September 4, 1981, the program returned to daily first-run syndication as The $50,000 Pyramid, with Clark as host. It was the final edition of the program to originate in New York City. This version included the first tournament structure and was later integrated into The $100,000 Pyramid. This version lasted for 95 episodes (19 weeks), and, like the majority of the 1974-1980 ABC/Syndication run, was taped at studio TV-15. Tapings of this version lasted from January 11 to April 8, 1981.

The new Pyramid debuted at 10:00 AM and for its entire run on CBS served as the leadoff program for the network's morning game show block, being paired with three different series as part of the lead-in hour for The Price Is Right. The first series to share the hour with The $25,000 Pyramid was Child's Play, which was hosted by former Pyramid host Bill Cullen and debuted the same day. In September 1983 that was replaced by Press Your Luck, which was replaced by a new version of Card Sharks in January 1986.

The word "New" was added to the title on November 8, 1982 (#0036). Clark explained that this was to differentiate between the current series and reruns of Cullen's $25,000 Pyramid that were still airing on certain stations. On January 28, 1985, "New" was dropped from the show's title. Later that year, in September 1985, a concurrent syndicated series premiered on local stations. This series was called The $100,000 Pyramid and featured a tournament format similar to that employed by The $50,000 Pyramid. Like its network counterpart, The $100,000 Pyramid quickly became a hit.

The $25,000 Pyramid ended its original run on December 31, 1987 and made way for a previously planned game show, the Bob Goen-hosted Blackout. However, after the new show went off the air after thirteen weeks, The $25,000 Pyramid returned on April 4, 1988 to serve as a fill-in until a new version of Family Feud starring Ray Combs was ready to premiere on CBS. Both the network and syndicated Pyramid series ended their runs shortly thereafter, with The $25,000 Pyramid ending on July 1, 1988 and The $100,000 Pyramid following it off the air on September 2, 1988. The entire 1982-1988 era of Pyramid, consisting of both the CBS Daytime, and daily Syndication editions was taped at studio 33 from August 1982-June 1988.

Even on versions where he didn't host, Dick Clark was still involved. He appeared on the Cullen and Osmond versions as a celebrity player, and offered pre-taped well wishes to Davidson on his version's premiere episode. At the time, Clark was hosting The Challengers, which prevented him from returning for that version.

Later developments
In 2009, two pilots for a new version of the game, one hosted by Dean Cain and the other by Tim Vincent, were taped in New York.

Three pilots for The $500,000 Pyramid were taped on June 22 and 23. CBS once again passed on the series and made an announcement on July 21 that The Talk, a program hosted by Julie Chen (wife of CBS president Les Moonves) and similar in format to The View, instead took the time slot in October 2010.

On July 12, 2012, GSN announced The Pyramid had been picked up and would premiere on the network on September 3, with Mike Richards hosting the show. The show has been praised for keeping the original gameplay in tact, the hosting job by Richards, the set and prize money, but has been criticized for poor gameplay by both celebrities and contestants. {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;font-size:88%;text-align: left; border: 1px solid silver; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! style="background-color: #CFC;" | Celebrities ==Celebrities==
 * }
 * style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white; " |
 * style="border: solid 1px silver; padding: 8px; background-color: white; " |

June Lockhart and Rob Reiner were the celebrity guests on the debut week of The $10,000 Pyramid in 1973. On the premiere, Reiner won his contestant $10,000 in the very first playing of the Winner's Circle, but a clip used of the show's second win (also done by Reiner) from the first week was seen in opening montages thereafter. Lockhart was frequently seen as a guest during the 1970s, and Reiner appeared on two episodes of Cullen's show during its first season. Lois Nettleton and Bill Cullen were the celebrities on the final week of the ABC version on June 23–27, 1980.

Several game show hosts and future hosts appeared as panelists, including Bill Cullen, Geoff Edwards, Nipsey Russell, Betty White, and Henry Polic II. Clark and Cullen appeared as celebrity guests on each other's shows, and Clark also appeared on three episodes of the Osmond version. Billy Crystal holds the record for the fastest Winner's Circle win at 26 seconds on December 2, 1977. Though the episode itself was later destroyed, a clip of Crystal's entire record-breaking round was later shown on a 1979 episode that featured him and Sal Viscuso.

Several contestants later returned to the show after becoming celebrities. These include Constance McCashin (who appeared as a contestant on the Cullen version), Richard Kline (contestant in July 1974), Mel Harris (contestant in 1979 on the ABC version and again in 1985 on the syndicated version), Joel Brooks (contestant in 1976), Kathy Najimy (contestant in 1985), and Diane Amos (contestant in March 1986). Additionally, David Graf won $10,000 with his partner Patty Duke in 1979, and when the two were reunited as celebrities for a week in 1985, a clip of the big win was shown.

Announcers
Bob Clayton was the show's main announcer until he died of cardiac arrest in 1979, although Jack Clark announced the special Los Angeles-based weeks on CBS in 1973. Alan Kalter, Fred Foy, John Causier, Dick Heatherton, Ed Jordan, and Scott Vincent all substituted for Bob Clayton whenever he was absent. By 1980, Steve O'Brien was hired as the show's principal announcer for the ABC network daytime edition (as The $20,000 Pyramid), and O'Brien and Kalter then rotated announcing duties until 1981 when the last New York broadcast was produced and aired in syndication (as The $50,000 Pyramid).

When the show moved back to CBS Television City in Los Angeles in 1982, Jack Clark returned as primary announcer. He remained in that position until 1985, with Rod Roddy, Johnny Gilbert, Jerry Bishop, and Charlie Tuna serving as substitutes. After that Gilbert shared the announcing duties with Tuna, Bob Hilton, Charlie O'Donnell, and Dean Goss on both The (New) $25,000 Pyramid and The $100,000 Pyramid.

When John Davidson took over in 1991, Johnny Gilbert returned as primary announcer. Dean Goss and frequent panelist Henry Polic II substituted for Gilbert on occasion. John Cramer announced for the 2002 Pyramid series' entire run, and JD Roberto is the current announcer on The Pyramid.
 * }

Changes to the article
I changed "civilian contestant" to "regular contestant" because "civilian" would have to be used if the other contestant was a military member, not a celebrity. --Fandelasketchup (talk) 11:28, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I also deleted the article "the" from the sentence "found in the water" because we usually don't say, for example, "the water is too hot" but rather "Water is too hot", at least to my appreciation. --Fandelasketchup (talk) 11:33, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Pyramid (game show). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110930135239/http://buzzerblog.flashgameshows.com/andy-richter-is-the-host-of-cbss-pyramid/ to http://buzzerblog.flashgameshows.com/andy-richter-is-the-host-of-cbss-pyramid/

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Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 16:58, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Prize Limits for 2016 ABC version
Having attended the taping I can confirm that SanAnMan's original edit was correct, the top prize of the show is $150,000 (outside of the Mystery 7 bonus) provided that the player goes back to back and wins at the The Winner's Circle each time with the first one worth $50,000 and second trip up worth $100,000. I'm not sure how else to state this other than having attended the taping myself. retched (talk) 19:58, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Tag the edit with WP:CITENEED and an appropriate explanation. When the episode airs, remove CN and add Template:Cite episode. AldezD (talk) 20:04, 27 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and edited in a Template:Cite Episode for Season 1, Episode 3. The player went ahead and won $4,500 on Game 1's Winner Circle and then $100,000 on Game 2's Winner Circle. He was shown winning $104,500 meaning they combined the totals. So if he won at Game 1's Winner Circle and at Game 2's Winner Circle, it'd show $150,000 instead. Feel free to remove it but you can't really say the limit is $100,000 anymore, at least for the 2016 Revival. (The Cite Episode can be reworked as I have NO idea how to format it for the game shows. It was just Episode 3, Season 1 of the ABC Show.) retched (talk) 05:05, 12 July 2016 (UTC)

Winner's Circle Amounts
Granted this is a bit of a research project but for the Winner's Circle section, should there be a table of values included for the various amounts to demonstrate what each category could provide? retched (talk) 04:09, 18 July 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 11 August 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: consensus not to move the page to the proposed title at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 02:12, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

Pyramid (game show) → The $100,000 Pyramid – When the article was created, the most recent version of the show was just Pyramid. Although I have seen this colloquially used to refer to all versions of the show, the fact that there is a version currently on the air seems to suggest that the current name of the show should be used. As the currently airing version is The $100,000 Pyramid, should the article reflect that? Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 22:40, 11 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I think I'm going to oppose this one. This article is not about one show, but about the whole series of shows ("franchise" if you will) that share the "Pyramid" history. The current name best describes that, while naming it as proposed would make the article be about a specific version of that show. --Gonnym (talk) 23:22, 11 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose. As written, this article is about the entire game show franchise, not just one "The [TOP PRIZE] Pyramid" version. Best to leave it where it is, rather than moving this page every time there is a new version. I even found this article from 1981 in which both the author and a quote from host Dick Clark makes references to it just merely as "Pyramid" Zzyzx11 (talk) 04:30, 12 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose move. The rationale for keeping it where it is has been made clear above – this article is about the entire "Pyramid" game show franchise, not the currently airing $100,000 Pyramid version.  ONR  (talk)  08:34, 12 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "Pyramid" is the generic name. Rreagan007 (talk) 20:26, 12 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Gonnym. An alternate possibility is to go with Pyramid (franchise), as this article does seem to cover the international versions to some extent as well, and not just the U.S. version. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 15:35, 14 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Producer of "The $20,000 Pyramid"
I was a Producer from 1977 to 1980. Product Assistant starting in 1973, then Associate Producer under Ann Marie Schmitt before becoming Producer. Jane Rothchild 2602:306:CF14:E80:3C0A:BEFB:4B36:70BB (talk) 14:58, 28 March 2023 (UTC)

Requested move 26 October 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Soft moved. As there have been no comments after 2 weeks of discussion and a Wikiproject notification, I am closing this as a soft move. If you disagree, please seek to re-start discussion. (closed by non-admin page mover) - 🔥𝑰𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒆 (𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒌)🔥 00:33, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

Pyramid (game show) → Pyramid (franchise) – Per the last RM in 2018, "Pyramid" has a long standing precedent as a catchall term for the franchise as a whole. As this article covers all incarnations of the show, and such a move was suggested last go round, this might be viable. Compare Double Dare (franchise), which covers all variants of that show. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 16:10, 26 October 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. Frostly (talk) 23:46, 2 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Television has been notified of this discussion. Frostly (talk) 23:46, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Pyramid (franchise)


text:
Lustre (programming language)

Lustre is a formally defined, declarative, and synchronous dataflow programming language for programming reactive systems. It began as a research project in the early 1980s. A formal presentation of the language can be found in the 1991 Proceedings of the IEEE. In 1993 it progressed to practical, industrial use in a commercial product as the core language of the industrial environment SCADE, developed by Esterel Technologies. It is now used for critical control software in aircraft, helicopters, and nuclear power plants.

Structure of Lustre programs
A Lustre program is a series of node definitions, written as: Where  is the name of the node,   is the name of the single input of this node and   is the name of the single output. In this example the node  returns the negation of its input , which is the expected result.

Inner variables
Additional internal variables can be declared as follows: Note: The equations order doesn't matter, the order of lines  and   doesn't change the result.

title: Lustre (programming language)


text:
User talk:DavidDumas

Welcome
Dear David,

Welcome here. As you probably know, we already have quite a bit of material on mathematics. However, most of it can easily be improved, so we always need more editors. The article on numerical stability is a case in point; I definitely agree with your comments on the talk page and I hope you will find the time and energy to improve it, now term time is over. If you haven't already found it, you might be interested in WikiProject Mathematics. Feel free to ask me any questions on User talk:Jitse Niesen.

I am looking forward to your contributions, Jitse Niesen (talk) 10:10, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Small fix
Hi David,

I fixed your entry in WikiProject Mathematics/Participants (you forgot to substitute for USERNAME in one place). --Trovatore 07:19, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks, I apologize for the oversight. --David Dumas 07:23, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Thurston's classification theorem
I enjoyed your article on Thurston's classification thm. Adding big chunks of content (and making it look good with the markup limitations) is hard work. Thanks. XaosBits 17:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, it took a lot longer than I thought when I started, but I enjoyed it. It's good to know someone has seen it.--David Dumas 19:35, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Nice work! I enjoyed reading it also. It's always good to have a specialist contribute his/her knowledge. Anyway, I added some comments to the talk page about the naming, if you're interested.

Also, I added your name to a list of low-dimensional topology related folks who edit(ed) Wikipedia. See my user page. If you know any others, please add their names also! --C S 00:50, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

merging professors category pages into appropriate academics ones
hi there. based on how you voted in the autumn on deleting Category:Professors, i couldn t ask for your vote in nomination i ve just made to merge remaining professors category pages into ones linked to Category:Academics. Thanks a lot, Mayumashu 16:18, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Skinning maps
Hi,

I assume you are the same D Dumas who is the author of a proof that skinnng maps are not constant. Care to write an article defining a skinning map? linas 17:13, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'll consider this. --David Dumas 13:17, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidDumas