text:
Talk:Curt Weldon

Seniority?
John Murtha has been in the House since 1974. How is Weldon the most senior memeber of the delegation?--Ieverhart 22:38, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Wojdak & Associates whitewashing article
Be on the lookout: The edits by 209.71.15.194 deleted significant critical content from the article. The IP belongs to S.R. Wojdak & Associates, a Philadelphia PR firm and contributor to Weldon. (However, the proprietor of Wojdak, Stephen Wojdak, has given significantly to Democrats in recent cycles .) --User At Work 23:31, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Those edits were restored in prior versions and much of that information was then edited by other users. (check the history page) User at homes edits again have made piece much too negative and undone the work of five or so contributors over the past week.
 * Give me a break about whitewashing. Entrees should have as little slant as possible and note both sides of a story.  If people want further information, they can click on the links to the articles. User:209.71.15.194  12 May 2006
 * Alhtough I realize you like inserting as much controversey as you can into politicians pages, it should not dominate the entree. --User:Americapd 14:04, 12 May 2006

Usage
I fixed up a bit of this page under my collective AOL IP before I remembered to log on; by way of explanation, Wikipedia articles can't use terms like "our nation's first responders," because Wikipedia is an international encyclopedia. Avoid using the first person if at all possible. There's still some cleaning up to be done here, mainly in that same vein. BarrettBrown 16:17, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Also, can whoever wrote the bulk of this article please refrain from using POV terms like "rogue nations"? That's a very subjective term without a clear definition, and thus doesn't belong in an encyclopedia. Thanks. BarrettBrown 16:21, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

911
See this --Striver 01:31, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * and check this out. --Striver 05:25, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

"Controversies Section"
Why are Congressman Weldon's visits to Korea and Libya labeled under the "Controversies" section? I can understand that there is 'controversy' in the fact that he arranged these trips independently of the White House, even against the wishes of the White House, but that doesn't deserve putting them in the same category of alleged lobbying scandals.

 * Good point. I've moved the sections.  John Broughton 03:18, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Copied?
This article seems to have been copied and pasted from http://www.answers.com/topic/curt-weldon...

 * I think if you read the fine print at answers.com, you'll find that it's the other way around - they are using wikipedia text.  John Broughton  |  Talk 00:57, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

pov dispute (mostly on FBI investigation)
Article contains many criticisms some of which have little merit and there are no rebuttals the report of an fbi investigation on the top of the page in my opinion is an attempt to sway voters and should be moved elsewhere --Ted-m 00:19, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

I have moved FBI investigation to the section on his daughter. This is the second time it has been moved. --Ted-m 00:34, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Removing the timely and relevant Justice Department investigation in the lede and burying it far down in the article is an obviously biased, POV attempt to cover up reality. The Congressman, not his daughter, is under criminal investigation. It's been a lead story in many newspapers and newscasts in the past two days. Sticking it far down in the article is as biased as removing references to Mark Foley's page scandal. It would be perfectly acceptable to include the Congressman's response to the investigation, if there is one. However, there's no such creature as a "rebuttal" to an FBI investigation. You can't disguise the fact that there is now a major criminal investigation, no matter how much you may not like it. It's biased to keep pulling this out of the article lede and burying down with his daughter. This is the most newsworthy and current issue affecting the Congressman at this time. Hiding this very relevant information dozens of paragraphs into the entry is ludicrously biased and POV. Your user page indicates you're a strong supporter of the Congressman; ergo, you are clearly biased in this matter.--207.69.137.23 01:42, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Additionally, some of the investigation into Weldon regards possible illegal connections to a pair of Serbians who worked for Slobodan Milosevic, which has nothing to do with his daughter.--207.69.137.23 01:59, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * My personal bias is that, even by the abysmally low standards set by the House Republicans, Weldon stands out as one who most obviously deserves to be retired. Nevertheless, the investigation does not belong in the introductory section.  That it is currently newsworth is immaterial; this is an encyclopedia article about his entire life, not a Wikinews update, and journalistic standards do not govern.  The analogy to Foley is inapt.  Foley resigned his seat and withdrew from an ongoing campaign a month before the election.  Weldon has not resigned, has not abandoned his campaign, has not been convicted, has not been indicted, has not even been formally charged.  Those are the sorts of events that would merit consideration for inclusion in the introductory section.  The FBI investigation may result in something like that eventually, but it may not. JamesMLane t c 05:15, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with 207.69.137.23 that this belongs at the top of the article now. Wikipedia is a flexible encyclopedia that rapidly changes with time. It's not like a print encyclopedia. Your point would be correct for a print encyclopedia, JamesMLane, but not for something like Wikipedia, in my opinion. This information is relevant to Mr. Weldon right now. Before Foley resigned but after the page scandal hit the press, the email/IM incident was mentioned even higher in his article. It was within the first paragraph (it's been edited so many times now it's hard to find). Look at the Bob Ney article right now for comparison. His legal problems are mentioned in the first paragraph. Some of the problem may be is that much of this Curt Weldon article is based on a 2004 template and the issues are, misleadingly, discussed under "controversies." It arguably was a controversy then, but it is now a criminal investigation.4.232.201.239 06:01, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ney pled guilty to multiple felonies. That's far more important in his bio than a mere investigation is in Weldon's. JamesMLane t c 08:24, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Before Ney pled guilty, the proceedings against him were nonetheless mentioned in the first few sentences of the article.4.232.111.41 16:33, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Each article should be measured against wikipedia standards, not against what was done (properly or not) in another article. The FBI investigation is important and well-sourced; it should be in the top section. But I'd personally vote for a bit less text in the top of the article (specifically, deleting the second sentence) and a full paragraph in the middle of the article.  The top is really supposed to be a snapshot; the reader then should be able to get more details in the full article below.   John Broughton  |  Talk 11:33, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed about the snapshot. And agreed this is important. Also, the original complainant, Ted-m, never specified what about the article lacked neutrality. It's a sweeping statement with no specifics.4.232.111.41 16:33, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd like to add just one minor point. If this investigation ends up costing him his seat, or leads to an actual indictment, it surely would be a major point in his entire life.  Nevertheless, since we can't see into the future, the best we can do is take a snapshot right now, and, indeed, right now this is a fairly important development in his life. -- Sholom 15:50, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure it's important, and it belongs in the article -- but as of now it's less important than several other subjects that aren't in the introductory section, such as his book. The book produced an actual run-in between him and the CIA.  His troubles with the FBI, if any, are still hypothetical. JamesMLane t c 00:42, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Not entirely hypothetical. As Congressman Jefferson can attest, it's never good to have the FBI announce one of these investigations on you.  Damn electorate, they'll up and misinterpret it and before you know it it's a real problem.  :)  69.228.201.80 07:03, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure, the potential electoral impact is part of what makes it important, but it still pales beside the objective indicia of importance: the politician decides not to run again because of the scandal, a prosecutor decides there's enough evidence to begin a formal proceeding, etc. I agree with John Broughton that each article should be analyzed according to standards, because what was done in some other article isn't necessarily correct, but you can see a couple of instructive comparisons: (1) Weldon's fellow Pennsylvania Republican reprobate, Don Sherwood, admitted to having had a five-year-long adulterous affair, and was sued by his former mistress for trying to strangle her.  This stuff did indeed get "misinterpreted" by some voters.  It's the only reason that Sherwood's formerly safe seat is in play.  Yet, it's not mentioned in the introductory section.  (2) In the example you mention, William J. Jefferson's legal troubles are significant, but they aren't mentioned in the introductory section. JamesMLane t c 08:03, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * WADR, I don't understand your first point. It doesn't pale in importance if it ends up ending his Congressional career and leads to corruption charges.  As for William J. Jefferson's legal troubles, I think they should be mentioned in the intro section (and, in fact, I just went there and added it). -- Sholom 03:50, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I said that a mere investigation pales in importance beside actual corruption charges or the ending of his career. You're right that it's a different situation if one of those things happens, at which time we can reconsider.  I don't think Jefferson's situation should be in is article's intro section, obviously. JamesMLane t c 04:37, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree this belongs up in the top of the article now. If it was just the bit last Friday about the supposed investigation, then putting it further down was probably warranted. Now with the FBI raids, it's a big national story. It will probably stay that way through the weekend, when it'll be picked over by the talking head shows and will run in national mags like Time and Newsweek. So if somebody's coming to Wiki to learn more about Weldon, the article should reflect Curt Weldon right now. Wikipedia is a wonderful, fluid resource. Articles can be updated within minutes of breaking news. Right now, Curt Weldon isn't just a congressman. He's a congressman facing a criminal investigation and the FBI has raided his family and friends' homes. That's the big story, that's what defines him right now, and that should be right up in the top of the article right now. In a week or two, things might change, and the article can be reassessed and revised. A lot of the arguments I see here about this topic would be valid if this was something being put in a book, but it's not; it's for Wikipedia, which changes by the milisecond. Embrace Wikipedia for what it is and a book is not: a fluid resource which is constantly changing, adapting, and updating. Peace. UncleFester 05:58, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You're stressing that Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia, which is true, but I'm stressing that it's an online encyclopedia. Updating is certainly proper; the recent news reports should be included in the article.  That doesn't trump the encyclopedic perspective, though.  This biographical article isn't a news story with a "lede".  Embrace Wikinews for what it is! JamesMLane t c 15:29, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is it written that an encyclopedia shouldn't have the most relevant and important information in the first few paragraphs? Your logic seems to be: because this information would be at the top of a news story, it must not be at the top of an encyclopedia entry. Looking at Wikipedia's own definition of an encyclopedia, it "conveys the most relevant accumulated knowledge on that subject." Using John Broughton's excellent "snapshot" analogy, the investigation and raid are the most relevant in this snapshot at this time. Why shouldn't the most relevant material be at the top?4.232.201.166 16:46, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No, my logic is not that whatever would be in a news story must be excluded from the introductory section. My logic is that the standards for the lede in a news story are completely inapplicable to an encyclopedia article.  An introductory section to a Wikipedia article should give the basics about the subject.  For many readers who encounter the name "Curt Weldon", their curiosity will be satisfied once they find out he's a Republican Congressman from Pennsylvania.  The introductory section isn't a "snapshot" in the sense of "here's what hot this week", but rather a précis of the whole article.  If it were to mention the FBI investigation, it should do so only briefly, not with all the detail now present.  Furthermore, to avoid overweighting this one aspect of his bio, an introductory section that included it should also include similar summaries of other aspects of his life, such as his book. JamesMLane t c 23:07, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * A précis is "a concise summary of essential facts," per Webster's. Right now, the criminal investigation is an essential fact about Curt Weldon and therefore belongs in an introductory précis. You say, "[a]n introductory section to a Wikipedia article should give the basics about the subject." Right now, the criminal investigation is part of the basics and, accordingly, belongs in the introduction.4.232.195.7 00:09, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The revelation today that a grand jury has been impaneled and that evidence has been gathered via wiretaps only underscores the importance of keeping an overview about the criminal investigation at the beginning of the article. This thing has gotten bigger every day. 207.69.139.6 21:47, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Biography of living persons concerns
I removed the section on Andrew Weldon per BLP concerns. An anon user (likely the subject) attempted to remove this material several times and finally contacted the foundation for assistance. The sources do not support the negative conatation of this text. Please refer to the BLP policy and do not reinsert this information. --FloNight 16:20, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * You better read the sources again. Per the September 21, 2006, issue of The DelCo Times:
 * "The CREW report compiles news reports in which Weldon, a member of the House since 1987, is described as using his powerful congressional position to help his daughters, Kim and Karen, son Andrew, longtime friend Cecelia "CeCe" Grimes and close political associate Charles Sexton Jr."
 * In the same article, "Furthermore, the Web site of Harper’s magazine found that Kim Weldon works for AugustaWestland, the helicopter division of Finmeccanica. Weldon reportedly helped the firm beat out a rival for a presidential helicopter bid. The site reported in July that Andrew Weldon, a racecar driver, is sponsored by Schaffer Motorsports, owned by a senior Boeing Co. employee. Boeing is Weldon’s top campaign contributor
 * Further, Harpers magazine goes into great detail about the Andrew Weldon/Boeing connection in their July 25, 2006, edition, which is linked in this footnote. It states, "Schaffer Motorsports. . .is owned by Tom Schaffer, a senior employee at Boeing. One of the sponsors of Schaffer Motorsports is Boeing Helicopters Credit Union, whose logo appears on the racecar Andrew Weldon drives. Boeing, in turn, is Weldon's top career patron, to the tune of $62,050 in donations." As well, read the original CREW document about Andrew Weldon'.
 * You're needlessly censoring material here in violation of Wikipedia policies. You clearly don't understand the Biography of Living Persons policy. As well, you're basing a lot of your actions on unsubstantiated suppositions, e.g. "an anon user (likely the subject)" -- where's your proof for that? Further, you're potentially violating Federal Election Law by censoring this material. Therefore, the Andrew Weldon material,as I have rewritten it since your removal, is well documented and must remain. If you remove the substantiated material, I will file an FEC complaint against you. Federal law trumps your confused interpretation of Wikipedia policies. 207.69.137.36 16:53, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The suggestion of a possible violation of federal law in excising this paragraph is preposterous. In this regard, there is nothing in federal law that "trumps" Wikipedia policies.  It was on the basis of those policies that I repeatedly restored the material when it was deleted anonymously.  I agree with 207.69.137.36 that the paragraph is properly sourced (but please, 207, stop with the silly threats, which are counterproductive).  The only problem I saw was that we didn't present Weldon's side.  On reading more thoroughly, though, I realized that Weldon's spokesperson issued a blanket response to the CREW report, which is quoted in the general "Criminal investigation and controversies" section; I don't think it needs to be repeated in each subsection. JamesMLane t c 17:37, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You state, "The suggestion of a possible violation of federal law in excising this paragraph is preposterous." Obviously, I disagree. My statement was not an idle threat and has a basis both in law and in fact. Like you, I am an attorney, and I am well familiar with federal election law. Additionally, I successfully prosecuted a similar complaint in the past. I won't go into greater detail here because, obviously, that would sabotage my own claim should I proceed with it. I don't find such statements as counterproductive; in fact, I see it as high productive because Wikipedia is needlessly exposing itself to liability with its careless and overbroad BLP policy. Too often, Wikipedia administrators overzealously "enforce" Wikipedia policies they do not understand to their own detriment and that certainly seems to be the case here. In attempting to protect itself against defamation claims, Wikipedia in fact broadens its exposure by potentially voiding its 47 USC 230(c)(1) protections. Careless administrative action heightens that liability exposure even further.207.69.137.36 18:07, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * What 207 says here has some merit. Because the material was removed on apparent behest of the Weldon campaign, equal time and fair access considerations may come into play. This is a highly contested race and everyone needs to edit with care. Full sourcing is imperative. I also agree that the section is now properly sourced. Every sentence is documented.--4.232.6.83 23:56, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

207 - Two statements, Wikipedia is needlessly exposing itself to liability with its careless and overbroad BLP policy, and In attempting to protect itself against defamation claims, Wikipedia in fact broadens its exposure by potentially voiding its 47 USC 230(c)(1) protections, certainly merit further explanation. This page is the wrong place to do so. I'm sure a lot of people would appreciate your comments about problems with the BLP policy if you posted them at Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons instead.

The responsibility of editors of THIS page is to follow wikipedia policies as we understand them, and let the Wikipedia foundation deal with the consequences. Please do not violate No legal threats; if you do not think that is an acceptable policy, please stop editing articles here. John Broughton |  Talk 19:55, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * If I believe the law has been violated here, I have a duty to report such actions. Wikipedia's "No Legal Threats" policy relates to threatened tort actions; that is not the situation here. As to whether Wikipedia can attempt to prevent anyone from reporting potentially unlawful activity, I suggest you discuss with your attorney the concepts of "obstruction of justice" and "accessory after the fact." Wikipedia needs to develop a policy about editing pages with information about active elections and candidates. There's a lot of sloppy and possibly actionable behavior on all sides in regards to a number of races. While the Internet is not as tightly regulated by election law as, say, the broadcast media, it is not a blank slate, either. At the corporate level, Wikipedia needs to familiarize itself with what it can and cannot do when federal elections are involved.--207.69.137.26 21:36, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with John Broughton about the placement of these comments. This page is for discussing the content of the Curt Weldon article, and I appreciate your contributions in that respect in your detailed response to FloNight, above.    As John says, however, general discussion of the BLP policy should be at Wikipedia talk:Biographies of living persons.  It may well be that we should have a separate policy or guideline about matters relating to contested elections, perhaps with subsections for different countries.  The best place to raise that suggestion is probably Village pump (policy).

 * I called your approach counterproductive based on my experience with Wikipedia (more than two years and 10,000 edits). Seeing a post like yours, some people will favor deleting the disputed material just to show that they can't be pushed around.  Of course, this is just a distraction from the merits of the issue, and it shouldn't happen -- but it does. JamesMLane t c 23:34, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Unreal how an editable encyclopedia is being used to slander Curt Weldon and his family.
Grasping at straws, this page has become a political Anti-Weldon page. To drag his children into this space, when if you look hard enough, everybody is connected to everybody. This page is less a bio, and more a political knife.''--17:20, 21 October 2006 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.139.165.66 (talk • contribs)

 * Well, the FBI seems to think Weldon and at least one of his daughters are rather closely connected. In any case, if you think that the article violates one or more Policies and guidelines, feel free to be more specific.  John Broughton  |  Talk 21:53, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Material in print cannot be slander, which is spoken. Written material, such as what appears on Wikipedia, is within the domain of libel. That notwithstanding, an absolute defense to defamation -- both slander and libel -- is the truth. It is a provable fact that the FBI raided Karen Weldon's home. It is a provable fact that the Justice Department is investigating Mr. Weldon, his family, and his associates, a fact to which Mr. Weldon himself has admitted in public. Ergo, there is no "slander" [sic] of anyone here. The only things being reported here are substantiated facts. Once might say, therefore, that the original unsigned commentary was "grasping at straws" in trying to paint something as "slander" when it was nothing but the provable truth. 207.69.137.27 22:53, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Removed POV tag
One user tagged this article for POV issues yet never discussed what his/her problems were. As there seemed to be no genuine POV dispute, and it has sat up there for a week with no discussion, I therefore removed it. 207.69.137.205 04:41, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Hugely biased
I'd only heard Weldon's name a few times before I read this. I note that there's nothing in the entry about any possibility that the raids might have been politicially motivated and I can tell at a glance that, while the entry has a great deal of information, it's hugely biased. A small case in point: there's currently a link to a Rolling Stone page where he's named one of the 10 worst Congressmen. Yet, 9 out of 10 are Democrats, and the only entry I analyzed was highly misleading. Perhaps in the interest of credibility WP might consider trying to tell the whole story. As for what that is, I don't know, but I do know I'm not going to get it from this entry.07:22, 1 November 2006 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.202.242.192 (talk • contribs)

 * I don't see the value of quoting Rolling Stone here, but neither do I see the value of anything from conspiracy theorists here. There is, clearly, circumstantial evidence, and the FBI followed up on it.  As of todady, there are also 18 other sitting congressman who are under federal investigation, many of them receiving subpoenas and so forth. -- Sholom 13:12, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Sholom has removed your addition of the cite to Weyrich. That was an editorial.  There wasn't a single new fact in it, just pure speculation.  The FBI has (if you read the newspapers - just follow the links) plenty of reason to investigate Weldon: some of the stuff he and his daughter have done jointly, extracting large amounts of money from those interested in getting contracts or pardons or whatever from the U.S. government - is the sort of thing ones reads about in third-world countries, The investigation has nothing to do with Able Danger, and if you think that Karl Rove would work with the Democrats to unseat even a single Republican Congressman, you really should (re)read conspiracy theory.

 * I've also taken the liberty of removing the text on the Rolling Stone list; the article is long enough without it, and (as I noted in my edit summary) I think this sets a bad precedent.

 * If you have other SPECIFIC text that you believe makes the article "hugely biased", please note it here. Thanks.  John Broughton  |  Talk 13:28, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree about removing the Rolling Stone mention. That's not reportage as much as it's an editorial and doesn't really belong here.207.69.137.201 18:38, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * According to WP:NPOV, an article should report facts about opinions from prominent spokespersons. There's nothing wrong with citing an editorial if it's clear that it's being presented as the opinion of a named source, not as a view that Wikipedia is adopting.  Weldon's pursuit of conspiracy theories is one of the notable facets of his Congressional career, and the criticism that it's occasioned is a legitimate part of his bio.  If there's some notable right-wing POV praising him as the lone voice of vigilance in a complacent Congress, that should also be reported in this article. JamesMLane t c 02:34, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * The Weyrich material was reverted again by 144.202.242.192 without discussion. As the consensus here was that it was POV and unsubstantiated editorial material that did not belong in the article, I reverted back to the last JamesMLane version. Seemingly, discussion of Weyrich's unsubstantiated theories about Weldon could go into the Paul Weyrich article. 4.232.201.138 19:02, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * You state, "I note that there's nothing in the entry about any possibility that the raids might have been politicially motivated." There is utterly no proof for that allegation. The only "proof" are the statements Weldon has made himself, but he has offered no proof other than the "Grumpy at the gym" explanation, which was then debunked by the DelCo Times and The Philadelphia Inquirer when they reported that the person who circulated the "proof" was, in fact, a paid Weldon campaign consultant. There's nothing in the article, either, about Curt Weldon being from Mars, so one could say it was "hugely biased" against Martians, but since there's no proof of Mr. Weldon being from Mars, it therefore does not belong in this article, either.207.69.137.201 18:38, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

This article is ridiculously biased. I don't have any particular love for Weldon, but an "encyclopedia" article should attempt to be unslanted- I say "attempt" because it's an incredibly difficult thing to do, but really, there's no excuse for such bias in an entry. 19:44, 1 November 2006 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.26.117.1 (talk • contribs)
 * Repeatedly saying over and over that something is biased, without providing a shred of documentation, does not prove something is biased. "Wear down the opposition by constantly planting suggestions" tactics might work well for spin, but they have no place in an encyclopedia article. Until and unless you substantiate your claims, it merely looks like POV ax-grinding. I also removed the new subheader for redundancy, as the previous subheader is perfectly sufficient for this topic.207.69.137.7 20:44, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Term expires January 2007
Someone had edited as if tonight's election meant Weldon was out. He still serves until January 2007. 207.69.137.43 04:33, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Bad links - Andrew Weldon section
Under Andrew Weldon, some of the links do not work, that info needs to be removed, I tried to remove it but it keeps poping back up. 22:03, 4 February 2007

 * If some links go bad, the first thing an editor should do is try to find replacement links. Second, if the information in the article did have a linked source at some point, then the informtation is still valid even if the source is now inaccessible - there is no basis for removing it.  If you can't find a replacement source, put a  tag on it or post something in the talk section (encouraging other editors to fix the problem, not complaining about why you can't make the text disappear.  Third, the reason that it keeps "poping back up" is because other editors recognize that the information should stay, and are reverting your deletions.  If you would use an edit summary on your edits to explain why you are trying to delete something, then other editors would at least understand you had some reason for thinking the information should be deleted, other than that you or your friends or whomever didn't want it in Wikipedia because it is embarrassing to Andrew or Curt Weldon.

 * Please read Dead external links and Using the Wayback Machine for information on how to fix bad links and follow the instructions there, rather than deleting valid information that is without an active link. -- John Broughton  (☎☎) 15:23, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Questionable sections
These two sections at the end: Use of campaign funds and Conviction of former aide seem kind of minor too me. It is perfectly normal to use campaign funds for meals and hotel rooms during the campaign. And why should information about a former aide be included in this article? I suggest both sections be removed as being off-topic or at least giving undue weight. Steve Dufour (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Sections about the children
These sections don't belong here, if they are notable they should have their own articles. Off2riorob (talk) 19:40, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree as per WP:BLPNAME, in addition to the WP:WELLKNOWN section of Public Figures, as much of the section does not show multiple sources. I'll take a look at removing them. Jeremy112233 (talk) 23:16, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I was careful to leave as much of the controversy facts intact while respecting the rules against roping in family I quoted above. Looks like the article could use a touch-up as well, I might get to that too if times permits. Jeremy112233 (talk) 00:02, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

He is in Libya for talks with Muammar Gadhafii / Khadaffi
This morning (April 6, 11 a.m. Eastern Daylight time) -- news has been released that he is meeting with the besieged Libyan dictator -- no further details given :

Laura Rozen for a YAHOO! news service has posted these details

Former Pennsylvania Congressman Curt Weldon is in Libya to try to persuade Muammar Gadhafi to step down. CNN reports: Former U.S. Rep. Curt Weldon said he is set to meet with Moammar Gadhafi on Wednesday in an attempt to persuade Libya's embattled ruler to step down. Weldon will also meet Wednesday with Libyan Deputy Foreign Minister Khalid Khaim, the Republican from Pennsylvania told CNN on Wednesday. ... Weldon told CNN that in addition to Gadhafi stepping down, he is proposing a cease-fire on both sides; a withdrawal of government forces from key cities; no further advances by rebel forces; a joint interim government run by Libya's current prime minister and the an opposition leader; unfettered humanitarian access; and the establishment of a parliamentary commission that would include American, Middle Eastern, European and African politicians helping to establish a new parliament in Libya.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_theenvoy/20110406/ts_yblog_theenvoy/former-rep-weldon-in-libya-to-meet-gadhafi

Time will tell if this is part of the brokering to get the dictator out of his "palaces" to another haven. Timothyjshaw (talk) 15:46, 6 April 2011 (UTC)timothyjshaw at April 6 11:45 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20020831130523/http://www.firefighting.com:80/articles/namFullView.asp?namID=941 to http://www.firefighting.com/articles/namFullView.asp?namID=941
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text:
Virk

In India, Virk is a last name which is based on that of a Jat clan supposedly founded by a Rajput called Virak.

Notable people with the surname, who may or may not be affiliated to the clan, include:
 * Adnan Virk, Canadian television sportscaster
 * Ammy Virk, Indian Punjabi-language singer
 * Jani Virk (born 1962), Slovenian writer, poet, translator and editor
 * Kapur Singh Virk, Sikh warrior
 * Kuwar Virk, Indian singer
 * Kulwant Singh Virk (1921–1987), Indian poet, writer and civil servant
 * Manjinder Virk (born 1975), British actress, film director and writer
 * Shahab-ud-Din Virk (died 1946) British Indian lawyer and politician
 * Tomo Virk (born 1960), Slovenian historian and essayist

Other

 * Virk (վիրք), one of the Armenian-language names of Georgia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Virk


text:
Talk:Blood substitute

Jehovah's Witnesses
That Jehovah's Witnesses link in the External Links section is not very relevant to this page. It's mostly an argument from biblical authority against using real blood. I intend to remove it eventually, but since it's been on this page a long time with no dispute, I would like to solicit other opinions on the matter here first. Teflon Don 23:35, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Clear violation of EL. Feezo (Talk) 21:56, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
 * As an external link it's inappropriate, as a reference it might be useful for explaining why this group acts the way it does (thought it appears that section got the axe). The JW prohibition on "consuming blood" makes them a quirky population in medicine when a transfusion is indicated, and it's a group where blood substitutes give physicians a decent option between two absolute moral imperatives: care for the patient, and respect the patient's wishes, and it's far from a dead issue. .Somedumbyankee (talk) 04:07, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Theatrical Blood
Can theatrical blood really be called artificial blood? I'd hope that I'd be a better writer so I could correct that without asking anyone. Santtus 22:39, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

I agree, I think that this category "theatrical blood" be taken out of this entry. Shireesh P Apte.

 * The section about theatrical fake blood has been removed. It didn't belong in this article and  wasn't very informative anyway. -QFlyer 07:13, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I used the info from that section and made it into it's own article: theatrical blood.  OlEnglish (talk) 01:09, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

(inappropriate comment removed Somedumbyankee (talk) 04:08, 23 May 2008 (UTC))

Advantages of Substitutes
''6. Transfused blood is currently more cost effective, but there are many reasons to believe this may change. The cost of blood substitutes will fall as manufacturing becomes refined. At the same time the cost of transfused blood will only increase as further tests are administered to ensure a safe blood supply.''

Does the last sentence really need to be in there? While more testing may very well increase costs, what about advances in current testing making them cheaper or more comprehensive testing so one test can check for a greater variety of diseases/problems? It's not a big deal, but I don't think it adds anything to the advantages for using substitutes. (SSJPabs 08:06, 11 July 2006 (UTC)=SSJPabs)
 * This appears to be a direct quote from this page. It's since been changed. I've referenced it anyway.

Article re-written
I've re-written the article to remove some inaccuracies, improve formatting and add updated information. Joema 18:15, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Spelling changes
This regards my rv of the spelling changes by 137.205.29.13. Nothing wrong with British spelling, but it should be consistent within an article, not mixed. Below are the Wikipedia guidelines on this. Joema 13:31, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

 * British vs American spelling
 * Contributing FAQ: American or British English?

Bloodless surgery
We need an article on bloodless surgery as this is becoming more and more common. Bloodless medicine in general encompases these two topics already and should have its own article as well. George 19:44, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Oxycyte
Why isn't there a seperate article on this? I search for it, and I get redirected here. That shouldn't happen, as I didn't search for general information on blood substitutes, I searched for a specific one.

Look on the company's website Synthetic blood international or there's a current article on the popsci web page

Plastic blood
Recently heard about it. Is it here already or where in Wikipedia can I read about it? Berserkerz Crit 11:22, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

kidney uptake leads to liver damage?
Just wondering if this is an error if I simply misunderstood what was written. The last line of the Polyheme paragraph is: "Also, free hemoglobin can be taken up by the kidney causing liver dysfunction and failure." How does uptake by the kidney lead to liver failure? Should it be renal failure? Thanks. Sk8cello 18:58, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
 * It seems to be common knowledge but I can't find any information about hemoglobin's renal toxicity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Testem (talk • contribs) 19:25, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

Unclear line
"Patients who receive blood substitutes are 2.7 times more likely to have a heart attack and 30% more likely to die." Are they 30% more likely to die from a heart attack? (If so, Is that 30% of all patients, or just the ones that have heart attacks?) Or are they 30% more likely to die from whatever caused them to need a blood transfusion in the first place? APL (talk) 02:26, 22 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Wording was taken verbatim from Wired Magazine article. However the Wikipedia paragraph was redundantly referring to the same study as the previous paragraph. I merged the references, fixed non-working ones, provided a working URL to the Wired article so readers can read it themselves, and removed the redundant paragraph. Joema (talk) 21:43, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

Split
I suggest that the part with oxygen-carrying substances be split into a separate article, perhaps named Artificial hemoglobin, but it's just a suggestion. That article, in turn, could then be merged with Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Perhaps hemoglobin substitute would be a fitting name of the target article too, but it might sound contradictory when hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are among the potential methods. The name oxygen-carrying blood substitute would be most descriptive name, but may be rather long. Mikael Häggström (talk) 11:02, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Calling it artificial hemoglobin is a little misleading, because many of the blood substitutes are simply "repackaged" Hgb and the Hgb is not the artificial part. Merging HBOC here would probably make the most sense.  SDY (talk) 02:31, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Non-artificial hemoglobin packaged into artificial capsules sounds more like neohemocytes, and I think they should have distinct articles, although both articles may mention that the two techniques may be combined. Both are a bit science-fiction, but the theoretical indications of neohemocytes may differ somewhat, potentially finding their use rather in red blood cell membrane disorders such as spherocytosis. If choosing the name artificial hemoglobin, however, that section about encapsulated hemoglobin should be merged to the main neohemocyte article. At least they would no longer be mixed up, as they currently are. Still, with the name oxygen-carrying blood substitute, the article would include both techniques. Mikael Häggström (talk) 04:19, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Return oxygen-carrying blood substitute to here
I was surprised to see the introduction of this article changed to define the scope of this article to be about oxygen-carrying blood substitute, although there already is a separate article on that subtype. However, when taking a look at Google Scholar, I don't find a single usage of "blood substitute" that isn't in the sense of oxygen-carrying blood substitute, with other types rather being termed "plasma substitute" at most. With this in mind, I think merging oxygen-carrying blood substitute would make it more representative of the scientific community. Non-oxygen-carrying blood substitutes may still be mentioned in a subsection. Mikael Häggström (talk) 11:50, 18 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I'll perform the merge now. Mikael Häggström (talk) 06:55, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

Excess external links
Wikipedia is not a repository of links, but with the size of the "external links" of this article, it was beginning to become one. Therefore, I've pasted all those here, and we should decide which are most important and return only those. Mikael Häggström (talk) 07:27, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Artificial Blood Overview and Current Research
 * Synthetic blood overview and history
 * Blood substitutes - A critical review of the current medical issues surrounding blood substitutes.
 * Forum for blood management and avoidance
 * How do scientists make artificial blood? How effective is it compared with the real thing? - Scientific American, October 21, 1999
 * Perftoran, approved for use in Mexico and Russia
 * Artificial Blood Overview and Current Research
 * Detailed overview of Artificial bloods understudy (PDF)
 * Nonblood Treatment - the Jehovah's Witnesses perspective
 * Artificial cells & organs research
 * Respirocytes: A Mechanical Artificial Red Cell
 * South Africa Approves First Blood Substitute
 * A New Type of Universal Artificial Oxygen Carrier (PDF)
 * 'Plastic' Artificial Red Blood Cells
 * 2008 FDA workshop on safety of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
 * 2008 FDA workshop on safety of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

Last entry was a dead link, I've fixed it. Testem (talk) 17:32, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

Specify "plastic" please
Before reinsertion, the following text needs: Mikael Häggström (talk) 07:35, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
 * A specification of what "plastic" is in this sense
 * A link to the original study rather than what appears to be a popular science paper.
 * The press release is here. I will include this in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Testem (talk • contribs) 19:28, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

iron build up
One of the main problems with an extended course of Blood Transfusions is the build up of iron in the body. Do any of these substitutes or potential treatments help avoid this problem? 24.190.137.130 (talk) 12:18, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Presumably the perfluorocarbon-based substitutes wouldn't have problems with iron toxicity. Things like erythropoeitin also don't directly introduce iron, though that's more of a "transfusion substitute" than a "blood substitute."  Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are presumably going to have the same problems as real blood.  SDY (talk) 19:15, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

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what about CO2 transport
I think there is commonly a blind spot in the understanding of the function of the circulatory system. Specifically, that transport of carbon dioxide is just as necessary as transport of oxygen. While it is well known that most of the carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion, the carbonic anhydrase on the inner side of the red cell membrane plays an important part. I wonder about how the introduction of a synthetic oxygen carrier, that presumably does not contain any carbonic anhydrase, affects homeostasis. My guess is that one thing it does is induce hyperventilation to minimize acidosis. It seems to me that the issue must be addressed by researchers attempting to produce blood substitutes, although I have never seen a popular article that mentioned it. If there is information about why this is, or is not, a problem, it seems that the article might be improved by discussing it. --AJim (talk) 19:53, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

Hemopure hidden
There's a lot of info here: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemopure&oldid=688387806 that was lost shortly before the article was redirected here. Hemopure is still in use and has an interesting history worth keeping documented. e.g. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081752/http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2009/04/04/navy_rips_fda_for_blocking_clinical_trial/. Seems like there's quite the collusive effort to keep such products off the market. RudolfoMD (talk) 00:52, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blood substitute


text:
User talk:129.49.7.122

Speedy deletion nomination of Ahlam Mosteghanemi

A tag has been placed on Ahlam Mosteghanemi, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, group, product, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the.  Harshil want to talk? 12:52, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.49.7.122


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BODMAS!

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETED. jni 11:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

BODMAS!
This article is a copy of BODMAS, which I also listed as being a possible hoax. I can't find documentation that such a band or their albums exist, nor that any record sold two billion copies. I asked the person who created it for some documentation, but they did not respond. John Barleycorn 22:40, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete band vanity. Dunc|☺ 22:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and restore the redirect to Order of operations.     00:05, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete if no one has a good reason for its existence within 24 hr. A redirect to Order of operations is...well...ok, but not really something the world will expire without.  Geogre 00:21, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 09:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted: The exclamation point isn't part of the mnemonic. Geogre 19:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/BODMAS!


text:
Talk:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld

Bad characters
The last edits have added bad characters into the text, I think. At least Firefox does not know what to do with them. Please fix or revert. Awolf002 22:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Anna Maria Mannerheim
(Redirected from Anna Maria Mannerheim) ? Why? Anna Maria Mannerheim is not same person!--85.253.60.235 (talk) 10:55, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
 * As per Redirects_for_discussion/Log/2007_October_4, specifically "Retarget to her husband's page unless there is evidence that she is independently notable. (And remove the circular redirects.) The spousal relationship is more relevant than an apparently distant family relationship.". Do you feel she is worthy of her own article? Kingturtle = (talk) 16:05, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

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Wrong name
"Baron" is almost identical to "friherre". The title would normally not be used in Swedish anyway, so it's doubly wrong to name a person as "Baron X friherre Y". Unless there is some better opinion, I'll remove both from the introduction and make an explanatory note instead. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.149.207.72 (talk) 04:34, 9 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld


text: User:LtDoc

title: User:LtDoc


text:
County cricket

Inter-county cricket matches have been played since the early 18th century, involving teams that are representative of the historic counties of England and Wales. Since the late 19th century, there have been two county championship competitions played at different levels: the County Championship, a first-class competition which involves eighteen first-class county clubs among which seventeen are English and one is from Wales; and the National Counties Championship, which involves nineteen English county clubs and one club that represents several Welsh counties.

History
County cricket started in the eighteenth century, the earliest known inter-county match being played in 1709, though an official County Championship was not instituted until 1890.

Development of county cricket
Inter-county cricket was popular throughout the 18th century, although the best teams, such as Kent in the 1740s or Hampshire in the days of the famous Hambledon Club, were usually acknowledged as such by being matched against All-England. The most successful county teams were Hampshire, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex. There was, however, often a crossover between town and county with some strong local clubs tending at times to represent a whole county. Examples are London, which often played against county teams and was in some respects almost a county club in itself; Slindon, which was for a few years in the 1740s effectively representative of Sussex as a county; Dartford, sometimes representative of Kent; and the Hambledon Club, certainly representative of Hampshire and also perhaps of Sussex. One of the best county teams in the late 18th century was Berkshire, which no longer has first-class status.

Modern county cricket
All matches prior to 1988 were scheduled for three days, normally of a nominal six hours each plus intervals, but often with the first two days lengthened by up to an hour and the final day shortened, so that teams with fixtures elsewhere on the following day could travel at sensible hours. The exception to this was the 1919 season, when there was an experiment with two-day matches played over longer hours, up to nine o'clock in the evening in mid-summer. This experiment was not repeated. From 1988 to 1992 some matches were played over four days. From 1993 onward, all matches have been scheduled for four days.

First-class counties
The eighteen first-class counties are the top league cricket teams. They are named after historic English counties and include one Welsh county.

The first-class counties are:

The full name of each club is the name of the county followed by the words County Cricket Club, often abbreviated as CCC.

MCC
The opening first-class game of an English county cricket season has traditionally been played at Lord's between the MCC and the Champion County (the club that won the County Championship the previous year). When the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) plays against one of the first-class counties, the game is granted first-class status.

MCC Universities
The six MCC-sponsored University (MCCU) teams, were until 2020 also afforded first-class status for some of their matches against a first-class county. They were:

 * Cambridge University (1827–2020)
 * Oxford University (1827–2020)
 * Cambridge MCCU (2001–2019)
 * Oxford MCCU (2001–2019)
 * Durham MCCU (2001–2019)
 * Loughborough MCCU (2003–2019)
 * Cardiff MCCU (2012–2019)
 * Leeds/Bradford MCCU (2012–2019)

Most of the first-class counties play three-day games against university cricket teams in the early part of the English cricket season. This is partly because the start of the cricket season coincides with the end of the university academic year, and partly because the games act as pre-season warm-ups for the county clubs.

National counties
The National Counties, known prior to 2020 as the Minor Counties, are the cricketing counties of England that are not afforded first-class status.

A team represents the counties of Wales other than Glamorgan. There are no representative teams carrying the names of the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland which are both covered by Cumbria. Present members are:

Eastern Division
 * Bedfordshire
 * Buckinghamshire
 * Cambridgeshire
 * Cumbria
 * Hertfordshire
 * Lincolnshire
 * Norfolk
 * Northumberland
 * Staffordshire
 * Suffolk

Western Division
 * Berkshire
 * Cheshire
 * Cornwall
 * Devon
 * Dorset
 * Herefordshire
 * Oxfordshire
 * Shropshire
 * Wales 🏴 (,, , , , , , , , and )
 * Wiltshire

Other teams
Some teams outside of the English counties have been allowed to take part in some English county cricket one-day competitions. They include: The Huntingdonshire club are academy level.
 * undefined
 * 🇳🇱 netherlands
 * 🏴 scotland
 * 🇩🇰 denmark
 * Unicorns

Qualification rules
An important year was 1873, when player qualification rules came into force, requiring players to choose at the start of each season whether they would play for the county of their birth or their county of residence. Before this, it was quite common for a player to play for both counties during the course of a single season. Three meetings were held, and at the last of these, held at The Oval on 9 June 1873, the following rules were decided on:

"* That no cricketer, whether amateur or professional, shall play for more than one county during the same season.
 * Every cricketer born in one county and residing in another shall be free to choose at the commencement of each season for which of those counties he will play, and shall, during that season, play for the one county only.
 * A cricketer shall be qualified to play for the county in which he is residing and has resided for the previous two years: or a cricketer may elect to play for the county in which his family home is, so long as it remains open to him as an occasional residence.
 * That should any question arise as to the residential qualification, the same shall be left to the decision of the Marylebone Cricket Club."

First-class cricket
The County Championship is the domestic first-class cricket competition in England and Wales. The tournament currently has a two-division format with ten counties in Division One and eight in Division Two.

One-day cricket
The Royal London One-Day Cup is a 50 over one-day cricket competition in county cricket. The 18 English county sides are divided randomly into two groups of nine with each team playing each other once. The top four in each group reach the quarter-finals. The competition culminates at Lord's for the final. The Royal London One Day Cup replaced the Yorkshire Bank 40 over League. The first winners of the competition were Durham in 2014.

Twenty20 cricket
The Twenty20 Cup is the top Twenty20 cricket competition contested by the eighteen first-class counties. The games are limited to 20 overs per side, and the emphasis is on fast action. From 2018, the competition is called Vitality Blast for sponsorship reasons.

National counties cricket
The competitions of national counties cricket are the National Counties Cricket Championship and the NCCA Knockout Trophy.

Women's County Cricket
The Women's County Championship is played each year, in a similar manner to the men's, but the Women's county game focuses upon 50 over cricket. There is also the Women's Cricket Super League, a T20 competition. Some counties are involved, and feature in a divisional structure. Promotion and relegation is a feature throughout.

title: County cricket


text:
Saints and Soldiers

Saints and Soldiers is a 2003 war drama film directed by Ryan Little and produced by Little and Adam Abel. It is loosely based on events that took place after the Malmedy massacre during the Battle of the Bulge. The film stars Corbin Allred, Alexander Niver, Lawrence Bagby, and Peter Asle Holden as four American soldiers trying to return a British airman with vital intelligence to the Allied lines.

After researching World War II and the Battle of the Bulge, Little began shooting in January 2003 in Utah. Filming lasted 30 days. Little and Abel were able to save money on production by recruiting a group of World War II reenactors who volunteered their services, costumes, and props. Excel Entertainment released the film at festivals to garner publicity before it was released to the public. The movie won numerous Best Picture awards from over 15 film festivals.

Critical reception was generally positive with praise towards the message, story, performances (particularly of Allred and Niver), production values, and action sequences. Though the screenplay, pacing, and ties to Mormonism were criticized by some reviewers, several film scholars argued that despite the Latter Day Saint (LDS)-related themes, the film appeals to a wide audience.

The movie's success, launched its titular film series, including three standalone sequels.

Plot
During the Battle of the Bulge in 1944, the Germans open fire on their American prisoners of war, in what is known as the Malmedy massacre, killing many troops as they try to run away. Medic Steven Gould (Alexander Niver) manages to escape with Corporal Nathan 'Deacon' Greer (Corbin Allred). Gould and Deacon are joined by two other survivors, Shirl Kendrick (Larry Bagby), a member in Gould's division, and Deacon's close friend Sergeant Gordon Gunderson (Peter Asle Holden). The four stumble on RAF pilot Flight Sergeant Oberon Winley (Kirby Heyborne). Winley explains he has important intelligence he has to get back to the Allies and the group decide to try and reach the Allied lines, located some 20 mi away. The group fights against German troops, a winter storm, and personal conflict to return Winley to Allied territory.

Cast

 * Corbin Allred as Corporal Nathan "Deacon" Greer
 * Alexander Niver as Private Steven Gould
 * Kirby Heyborne as Flight Sergeant Oberon Winley
 * Larry Bagby as Private Shirley "Shirl" Kendrick
 * Peter Asle Holden as Staff Sergeant Gordon "Gundy" Gunderson
 * Ethan Vincent as Rudolph Gertz
 * Melinda Renee as Catherine Theary – Belgian woman
 * Ruby Chase O'Neil as Sophie Theary – Catherine's daughter
 * Lincoln Hoppe as German soldier

Development
Ryan Little's first project was the short film The Last Good War, which won a Student Emmy. Little wanted to produce a World War II themed feature film. In 2002, Little teamed up with producer Adam Abel to create the production company, Go Films. After finding a private investor in California, Little and Abel sought to produce the film on a budget of $780,000. The original title of the film was "Saints and War".

Before the film had a script, the filmmakers scouted filming locations, determining the film's plot based on available locations and props. They researched World War II events and interviewed World War II veterans to develop the story and characters.

Casting
Little and Abel quickly cast Corbin Allred and Kirby Heyborne. However, because Heyborne had roles in many other films related to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), they instructed Heyborne to grow a mustache, dye his hair, use a British accent, and smoke during the movie. Because Heyborne did not smoke, he smoked herbal cigarettes and practiced dragging daily for a few weeks before filming. Additionally, Heyborne did not have access to a dialect coach so he became familiar with British accents by watching other films. Heyborne was concerned that this would make him a target for film critics. To save on costs, Little and Abel used World War II reenactors as actors who volunteered to travel to Utah and bring their World War II prop equipment at their own expense.

Filming
Principal photography took place in early 2003 over 30 days in Utah, Wasatch, and Salt Lake counties in Utah. Camera angles were carefully positioned to avoid showing the Wasatch mountains on camera to create the illusion of being in the Ardennes.

Filming was done in January to use the available snow, but production had to use potato flakes when there was not enough snow. Moreover, a tight filming budget required actors to do their own stunts. Snow and freezing temperatures were challenges to filming, which was worsened by the period clothing costumes.

Historical inaccuracies
Several members of the 101st Airborne Division are depicted as being present at the massacre. In reality, the 101st was held in strategic reserve by SHAEF at this point in time to recover from combat in Operation Market-Garden. The 101st did not reach the front until December 18 (the massacre was on the 17th), and was sent to Bastogne, far to the south of where Kampfgruppe Joachim Peiper operated. Most of the victims were from the 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion.

Rating
Saints and Soldiers was originally rated "R" by the MPAA, solely for war violence and related images. The director, writers, and producer wanted a "PG-13". Some criticism has been leveled against the MPAA rating board with regard to their rating independent films more harshly than those of the large studios. (See also "LDS cinema and MPAA ratings".)

While the MPAA never communicated any specific scenes that warranted the rating, Deseret News film critic Chris Hicks speculates that the reason may be due to two scenes, one in which depicts Nazis executing prisoners of war and another that shows a closeup of a leg wound. Producers made edits to receive the PG-13 for commercial distribution, and was officially granted such on March 30, 2004.

Release
The first screening took place at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to an audience of U.S. Naval officers and their spouses. The film opened at film festivals nationwide.

Saints and Soldiers represents the first LDS film produced after 2000 to be exhibited in film festivals before general release to gain publicity. It was the highest-grossing film released by Excel Entertainment, an entertainment section which targets an LDS audience. It grossed over $1 million.

Critical reception
The reaction to Saints and Soldiers was generally positive. The Washington Times called the film, "one of the sharpest and most compelling entries of the early 'Mormon cinema' era". The New York Times wrote that the film's, "impressive cast of largely unknown actors...[and] meticulously researched film tells its story with quiet conviction". However, Variety insisted that the script had "letdowns", including anachronisms in the dialogue and other story incongruities, yet they commended the production value considering the film's low budget.

The Seattle Times added that "the film is intended as a propaganda piece for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but the messages are very subtle, and the movie does have a place in the new WWII genre",  and is "appropriate for mainstream audiences". Furthermore, scholar Travis T. Anderson, affirmed that films made by LDS filmmakers such as Saints and Soldiers and Napoleon Dynamite can still develop "widespread attention" or "critical acclaim". He continued by stating that neither appeals to an exclusively LDS audience nor alienates non-LDS audiences. Moreover, scholar Terryl Givens argued that Saints and Soldiers can be interpreted specifically or universally. Givens claimed that the screenwriting created a film that is authentically Mormon yet reaches to a myriad of audiences. Although ties to Mormonism in the film have been criticized by some, Gideon O. Burton called the film, "among the most-praised films of the Fifth Wave [of Mormon cinema] to date".

Home media
Saints and Soldiers was released on video and DVD in May 2005.

Legacy
Saints and Soldiers won the 2004 Jury Award for Best Feature at the Stony Brook Film Festival. Furthermore, the film won the award for best picture at 13 other film festivals. The film was nominated for Best First Feature at the 20th Film Independent Spirit Awards in 2004, losing to Garden State.

Sequel
A standalone sequel titled Saints and Soldiers: Airborne Creed, was released on August 17, 2012.

title: Saints and Soldiers


text:
LPP

LPP may refer to:

 * LPP (company), a Polish clothing retailer
 * LPP (gene)
 * Labor-Progressive Party, Canadian Communist Party from 1943 to 1959
 * Laboratoire de Phonétique et Phonologie, a French laboratory
 * Labour Party Pakistan
 * Latvia's First Party
 * Legal professional privilege
 * Legitimate peripheral participation, how newcomers become old-timers in a community of practice
 * Lembaga Penyiaran Publik, a form of public broadcasting in Indonesia
 * Length between perpendiculars, a ship measurement
 * Liberian People's Party
 * Living Planet Programme, ESA Earth observation programme
 * Ljubljanski potniški promet, a public transport company in Slovenia
 * Lappeenranta Airport in Finland, by IATA code
 * Lynestrenol phenylpropionate, a progestin that was never marketed
 * Low-fade positive print, a type of archival color motion picture film

title: LPP


text:
José Núñez (politician)

José Núñez (1800 – 5 March 1880) was a conservative Nicaraguan doctor and politician who served as the 11th, 13th, and 15th Supreme Chief of Nicaragua, and 1st Supreme Director of Independent Nicaragua.

Núñez and Joaquín del Cossío were the most important figures in the Independence of Nicaragua, as they began the first and second transitional governments that lead to Nicaragua's independence.

Early life
Born around the year 1800 in the Solentiname archipelago located in Lake Nicaragua where he spent his early years.

Fray Ramón Rojas took him to study in the city of León. Later he traveled to Chile where he graduated with a degree in Medicine and Surgery in the city of Santiago. Back in Nicaragua he practiced his profession in León, and later taught Medicine in the University in that city.

First term
In December 1833, the administration of Dionisio de Herrera voluntarily ended in advance and was followed temporarily by advisor Benito Morales as head of the executive branch. On 10 March 1834 the Representative Council appointed Núñez as Head of State of Nicaragua on an interim basis. During his administration, the famous eruption of the Cosigüina volcano took place, which caused chaos in much of Nicaragua.

Flores' Rebellion
On 29 May 1834, Colonel Cándido Flores, head of the military forces of Granada, ignored the government presided over in León by José Núñez and took up arms in Metapa and Granada, demanding the reform of the federal Constitution. With Núñez's patience exhausted, he used military force to subdue Flores who, after being defeated in Managua on 18 August, fled to Granada where he was unable to organize a resistance. Before the arrival of Núñez's forces, Flores fled from Granada to Costa Rica with his friends, and the city was left in the hands of a disorganized mob that committed lootings and robberies, especially in the houses of foreigners. Flores would die shortly after in Costa Rica, after being unable to return to Nicaragua.

On 23 April 1835, he handed over the command to José Zepeda, and became Vice Chief.

Assassination of José Zepeda
On 25 January 1837 Casto Fonseca, a graduate in medicine, and Colonel Bernardo Méndez de Figueroa "El Pavo", a man only notable for his fondness for gambling, stormed the León barracks and took a man named Braulio Mendiola out of jail, who was given a large escort by the assailants with orders to arrest Zepeda, Colonel Román Valladares, Deputy Pascual Rivas and Captain Evaristo Berríos.

Zepeda and his partner in unionist battles, Colonel Balladares, were killed and later buried in the Cemetery of Guadalupe. Deputy Chief Núñez assumed the leadership of the State to finish Zepeda's term, which had two years left to finish. Núñez did not arrest the rebels, but rather appeased Méndez and appointed him General Commander of Arms, but the criminal Braulio Mendiola was captured and executed for the killings.

Military absolutism imposed by the Rebels
Bernardo Méndez reestablished the military absolutism initiated by José Anacleto Ordóñez, even against the will of Núñez, who was at that point powerless to oppose. After Méndez's fall from grace, Militarism would continue under the new General Commander of Arms, Casto Fonseca. Fonseca promoted himself to the highest rank of "Grand Marshal" and wore operetta garb, from 1837 until his death in 1845, during which time he became the true arbiter of political life in Nicaragua, with the ability to even influence the elections of the supreme authorities of the State, which aroused the uncalmed traditional passionate hatreds.

Independence of Nicaragua
Núñez was constitutionally elected for his second term that began on 13 March 1838. Joaquín del Cossío was chosen as Deputy Chief and Pablo Buitrago was appointed as Minister General.

On 30 April 1838, Nicaragua became the first State of the Federal Republic of Central America to separate from the union. A Constituent Assembly was convened, which issued the Constitution of 1838 and on 20 December of that year the friendship and alliance agreement known as the Oreamuno-Buitrago Treaty and a contract related to the sale of Costa Rican tobacco to Nicaragua were signed with Costa Rica.

First Transitional Government
The first Independent Nicaraguan Government was essentially a transitional government intended to prepare for the transition to a constitutional order, and so was the second one. Although according to the constitution the term of office of the Supreme Director lasted two years, on 5 January 1839, Núñez transferred power to Joaquín del Cossío, making him acting Supreme Director, but Evaristo Rocha essentially took that position. It is unknown when Cossío actually took office.

Death and legacy
Núñez died in León on 5 March 1880. The Legislative Assembly of Nicaragua gave him the honorary title of "Salvador de la Patria".

title: José Núñez (politician)


text:
Evaristo Rocha

Evaristo Rocha was a conservative Nicaraguan politician who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua between 5 April and 30 June 1839.

The first Nicaraguan Government was essentially a transitional government intended to prepare for the transition to a constitutional order. Although according to the constitution the term of office of the Supreme Director lasted two years, on 5 January 1839, the first Supreme Director, José Núñez transferred power to Joaquín del Cossío, making him acting Supreme Director, but Rocha essentially took that position. It is unknown when Cossío actually took office.

On 5 September 1849, Rocha welcomed the United States Ambassador to Nicaragua, Ephraim George Squier in El Viejo.

title: Evaristo Rocha


text:
Patricio Rivas

Patricio Rivas (1810 – July 12, 1867) was a wealthy liberal Nicaraguan lawyer and politician, member of the Democratic Party, who served as Acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from June 30, 1839 to July 27, 1839 and from September 21, 1840 to March 4, 1841. Later he served as a president of one of the several competing governments of Nicaragua from October 30, 1855 to June 24, 1857. However, he was merely a puppet president; rule was held by William Walker.

As Supreme Director
When Nicaragua gained its independence under Dr. José Núñez on 30 April 1838, the first government was a transitional one, first transitioning into full independence and then to a constitutional order. Núñez would resign very quickly in, handing over power to Joaquín del Cossío, but Evaristo Rocha also took that position and they both ruled somewhat jointly until 30 June 1839.

First and Second Terms
On 30 June 1839 Rocha handed over power to Rivas, who essentially served as acting leader of the second transitional government until 27 July the same year, when he handed over power to Cossío once again.

During Cossío's second term he ended the transitional government and began preparing the state for elections, after which he handed over power to Hilario Ulloa to serve as Acting Supreme Director, but Ulloa quickly resigned and gave power to Tomás Valladares.

Valladares also resigned very quickly and was replaced by Rivas once again, who would oversee the 1841 elections which were won by Pablo Buitrago y Benavente.

As President
In 1855, Patricio Rivas was appointed Provisional President as a result of an agreement signed in Granada between the Legitimist General Ponciano Corral and the filibuster William Walker, de facto head of the democratic side. This agreement was rejected by the legitimist José María Estrada who was the acting president.

Rivas had the support of Walker at the beginning of his government. Due to the patriotic attitude of the government of the Costa Rican President Juan Rafael Mora Porras against the presence of the filibusters in Nicaragua, the government of Rivas declared war on Costa Rica in early 1856, invading Guanacaste. However, the Costa Ricans commanded by Juan Rafael Mora, defeated the filibusters in the battle of Santa Rosa and the Second Battle of Rivas (not to be confused with the First Battle of June 29, 1855, and in which Enmanuele Mongalo had a heroic role to burn the Mesón de Máximo Espinoza).

The candidacies of Rivas, Máximo Jerez, and Trinidad Salazar were presented at convened elections to elect a new president. None obtained an absolute majority and it seemed that Congress was going to choose Jerez. However, Walker wanted to be called new elections. Rivas, eager to get rid of the tutelage of the filibuster, moved from Granada to León, where Walker arrived in June 1856, still in apparent cordiality. But, when Walker left, Rivas moved the government to Chinandega and repealed his decree calling for elections. Walker then announced in Granada the deposition of Rivas and his replacement by the proxy government of Fermín Ferrer.

Rivas declared Walker a traitor in Nicaragua, and remained at the head of the government in the western region of the country, where the armies of Guatemala and El Salvador arrived shortly after, attacking the cities of Granada and Masaya. For its part, the Costa Rican army expelled the filibusters from the San Juan river basin.

Walker capitulated on May 1, 1857. Shortly thereafter, on June 24, a triumvirate took office, composed of Máximo Jerez and Tomás Martínez Guerrero, which ended the turbulent government of Patricio Rivas.

Rivas was popularly known with the nickname of "Patas Arribas".

title: Patricio Rivas


text:
Joaquín del Cossío

Joaquín del Cossío (born in El Viejo on September 2, 1789) was a Nicaraguan politician, member of the Legitimist Party who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua on two occasions, first alongside Evaristo Rocha until May 15, and again from July 27, to October 20, 1839.

José Núñez and Cossío were the most important figures in the Independence of Nicaragua, as they began the first and second transitional governments that lead to Nicaragua's independence.

Independence of Central America
In 1824 he was a part of Governing Board of El Viejo presided over by Juan Bautista Salazar. Later that year, Colonel Juan Josê Salas, the leader of the ruling junta in León, appointed him governor of that city.

As Supreme Director
He later served as deputy Supreme Director under José Núñez, the first Supreme Director. Although, according to the constitution, the term of office of the Supreme Director lasted two years, on January 5, 1839, Núñez handed over power to Cossío, making him acting Supreme Director. Evaristo Rocha was to essentially take up the position after him but they ruled somewhat jointly until May 15. It is unknown when Cossío actually took office. On May 21, the legislature elected him as the new official Supreme Director. Like his predecessor, Cossío resigned before the official end of his term, handing over power to Hilario Ulloa.

Policies
By State Decree issued on August 27, 1839, he announced that the decision on the location of the Parliament, in accordance with the internal security and tranquility of the state, fell within the competence of the Supreme Directors. And by another State Decree, issued in León on September 2, 1839, the towns of San Fernando de Masaya, Santa Ana de Chinandega and El Viejo, rose to Villas.

He also signed a general amnesty by Decree of the Legislative Assembly of September 7, 1839.

title: Joaquín del Cossío


text:
Hilario Ulloa

Hilario Ulloa was a Nicaraguan politician who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from October 20 to November 7, 1839.

He married Rafaela Calvo. They lived in León and had a son, Manuel Ulloa y Calvo, who became Bishop of León on September 20, 1867.

Ulloa was a senator in the Legislative Assembly of the first Nicaraguan government, which was essentially a transitional government intended to prepare for the transition to a constitutional order. Although according to the constitution the term of office of the Supreme Director lasted two years, the second Supreme Director, Joaquín del Cossío, handed over power to Ulloa on October 20, 1839, making him Acting Supreme Director. When the transitional government ended and the first Supreme Director was elected in 1841, Ulloa completely retired from politics.

title: Hilario Ulloa


text:
User talk:Kyle Maxwell

 * Archive 1

Jehovah's Witnesses project
I have started a discussion regarding the content wikipedia has regarding the Jehovah's Witnesses at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Jehovah's Witnesses. Seeing that you are listed as a member of that project, I would appreciate any responses to the material there you would like to make. Thank you. John Carter (talk) 14:54, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Copyedit Backlog Elimination Drive
Hi, as a member of the Guild of Copy Editors you're hereby notified of and invited to participate in the WikiProject Guild of Copy Editors/Backlog elimination drives/May 2010. Please help us eliminate the 8,000+ copyedit backlog! Participating editors will receive barnstars and other awards, according to their level of participation. ɳorɑfʈ Talk! 00:05, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Grab some glory, and a barnstar
Hi, I'd like to invite you to participate in the Guild of Copy Editors July 2010 Backlog Elimination Drive. In May, about 30 editors helped remove the tag from 1175 articles. The backlog is still over 7500 articles, and extends back to the beginning of 2008! We really need your help to reduce it. Copyediting just a couple articles can qualify you for a barnstar. Serious copyeditors can win prestigious and exclusive rewards. See the event page for more information. And thanks for your consideration. ɳorɑfʈ Talk! 14:53, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

GOCE Backlog Elimination Drive Wrap-up
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GOCE 2011 Year-End Report
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Quixotic plea
You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Wikipediholism test. Thanks. —  06:35, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

May 2016
Hello, I'm Jim1138. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Johari window— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Jim1138 (talk) 04:07, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

Apology
My apology on reverting you and the above warning. I undid your proper vandalism fix. Not sure what happened there. Fortunately, fixed my error. Cheers Jim1138 (talk) 19:56, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kyle Maxwell


text:
Tomás Valladares

Tomás Valladares (1780 – 1850s) was a liberal Nicaraguan politician, military officer with the rank of brigadier, member of the Democratic Party, and staunch Central American Unionist who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from 7 November 1839 to 21 September 1840. His son was Juan de la Cruz Valladares.

Early career
Francisco Morazán had occupied Guatemala City in April 1829 and on 12 May 1830, released Dionisio de Herrera from prison and appointed him as Head of State of Nicaragua. On 1 March 1833 Herrera called a parliament, which would confirm him in this function. Valladares came to this vote as a delegate. He published his dissenting vote and reported the lack of freedom of choice for the delegates, since many people had come to the voting site, made mood for Herrera from the galleries and threatened dissenting voting behavior.

As Supreme Director
He was appointed a Brigadier by the Assembly when Casto Fonseca was appointed Grand Marshal in April 1839, and was handed over the position of Supreme Director after Hilario Ulloa stepped down on 7 November 1839, serving until 21 September 1840 when he handed over power to Patricio Rivas.

Later career
In 1843, under the idea of Morazán's original attempt at restoring the Federal Republic of Central America before his execution in Costa Rica, Valladares commanded Nicaraguan troops trying to bring former Honduran Head of State, Joaquín Rivera Bragas, to power in El Salvador. They were subsequently defeated.

He was also defeated by Francisco Malespín in Choluteca, after attempting to lead a counter invasion into Honduras during Malespín's War.

Publications

 * Tomás Valladares: El senador que ejerce el S. P. E del estado de Nicaragua, á los habitantes del mismo, León, March 24, 1840, reprinted in Andrés Vega Bolaños: Gobernantes de Nicaragua, 82., 1944.

title: Tomás Valladares


text:
Ole Christian Bach

Ole Christian Bach (31 May 1957 – 11 July 2005) was a Norwegian con artist.

Bach came into the spotlight in 1987 after organizing an illegal pyramid scheme where many investors and banks lost a total of 40 million NOK. Bach fled and was arrested in London and extradited to Norway. In 1988, he was convicted on charges of fraud and sentenced to four years in prison.

He was convicted again for his involvement with the theft and sale of Edvard Munch's Madonna in 1992, and sentenced to seven months in prison. Bach managed to establish new connections, most importantly with Gerard Cok. Cok controlled the German porn enterprise Beate Uhse, and he trusted Bach with the establishment of porn shops in Norway and Sweden. With security in an estate out of Oslo, Cok also gave Bach a NOK 60.000.000 loan. The security later turned out to be only in the estate's boat house.

In 2005 he was again charged with economic fraud. On 11 July 2005, he committed suicide in Sweden after a car chase with Swedish undercover police.

Aftermath
After Bach's death, Gerhard Cok sued Ole Christian Bach's lawyer Ronny Mulstad for his role in securing Cok's loan to Bach. The dispute was settled outside court. The role of the journalists who covered the Bach's hiding came under investigation after Bach's death. One journalist was fined for having helped Bach to avoid arrest by paying him for interviews. A magazine was fined for similar reasons. A friend of Bach's was sentenced to prison for helping Bach to avoid arrest.

title: Ole Christian Bach


text:
Fred (quartet)

FRED is a comic barbershop quartet formed in 1990 by members of the Marietta Big Chicken Chorus.

Despite their focus on comedy, FRED produces a very refined sound. Their performance in 1999 at the SPEBSQSA International Championship made them gold medalists, making them the first comedy quartet ever to win first place at the International level.

FRED's take on the "comedy quartet" was original, in that they have not relied on spoken dialog in between songs to set up the humor in the next song, as most comedy quartets do. Instead, their humor is built into their lyrics, musical arrangements, and stage presentation. Parodies are a staple of their performances, and their parodies (well-known songs set to different words) often have Barbershop in-jokes where they poke fun at other quartets and singers, themselves, and even the contest judges.

SPEBSQSA International competition results
FRED has achieved the following results at SPEBSQSA International competitions:

 * 1991: 35th place
 * 1992: 26th place
 * 1993: 27th place
 * 1994: 11th place
 * 1995: 8th place
 * 1996: 4th place
 * 1997: 2nd place (silver medal)
 * 1998: 4th place
 * 1999: 1st place (gold medal)

Discography

 * Simply FRED (CD; 1993)
 * Get Happy (CD; 1998)
 * Putting the HA in HArmony (double-CD; 2000)
 * The FreDinci Code (CD; 2006)

title: Fred (quartet)