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Hidden Field Equations

Hidden Fields Equations (HFE), also known as HFE trapdoor function, is a public key cryptosystem which was introduced at Eurocrypt in 1996 and proposed by Jacques Patarin following the idea of the Matsumoto and Imai system. It is based on polynomials over finite fields $$\mathbb{F}_q $$ of different size to disguise the relationship between the private key and public key. HFE is in fact a family which consists of basic HFE and combinatorial versions of HFE. The HFE family of cryptosystems is based on the hardness of the problem of finding solutions to a system of multivariate quadratic equations (the so-called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials. Hidden Field Equations also have been used to construct digital signature schemes, e.g. Quartz and Sflash.

Mathematical background
One of the central notions to understand how Hidden Field Equations work is to see that for two extension fields $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ $$\mathbb{F}_{q^m} $$ over the same base field $$\mathbb{F}_q$$ one can interpret a system of $$m$$ multivariate polynomials in $$n$$ variables over $$\mathbb{F}_q$$ as a function $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} \to \mathbb{F}_{q^m} $$ by using a suitable basis of $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ over $$\mathbb{F}_q$$. In almost all applications the polynomials are quadratic, i.e. they have degree 2. We start with the simplest kind of polynomials, namely monomials, and show how they lead to quadratic systems of equations.

Consider a finite field $$ \mathbb{F}_q$$, where $$ q $$ is a power of 2, and an extension field $$K$$. Let $$ 0<h<q^n $$ such that $$ h=q^{\theta}+1 $$ for some $$\theta$$ and gcd$$ (h,q^n-1)=1 $$. The condition gcd$$ (h,q^n-1) =1 $$ is equivalent to requiring that the map $$ u \to u^h $$ on $$ K $$ is one to one and its inverse is the map $$ u \to u^{h'} $$ where $$ h' $$ is the multiplicative inverse of $$ h \ \bmod q^n-1 $$.

Take a random element $$ u\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}$$. Define $$w\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}$$ by

 * $$ w= u ^h = u^{q^\theta} u \ \ \ \ (1)$$

Let $$\beta_1,...,\beta_n$$ to be a basis of $$ K $$ as an $$\mathbb{F}_q $$ vector space. We represent $$u$$ with respect to the basis as $$u=(u_1,...,u_n)$$ and $$w=(w_1,...,w_n)$$. Let $$ A^{(k)}={a_{ij}^{(k)}} $$ be the matrix of the linear transformation $$ u \to u^{q^k} $$ with respect to the basis $$\beta_1,...,\beta_n$$, i.e. such that

 * $$ \beta_{i}^{q^k}=\sum_{j=1}^{n} a_{ij}^{k}\beta_{j},\ \ a_{ij}^{k}\in\mathbb{F}_q$$

for $$ 1\le i,k\le n $$. Additionally, write all products of basis elements in terms of the basis, i.e.:

 * $$ \beta_i\beta_j=\sum_{l=1}^{n}m_{ijl}\beta_{l},\ \ m_{ijl}\in\mathbb{F}_q$$

for each $$ 1\le i,j\le n $$. The system of $$ n $$ equations which is explicit in the $$ w_i $$ and quadratic in the $$ u_j $$ can be obtained by expanding (1) and equating to zero the coefficients of the $$ \beta_i $$.

Choose two secret affine transformations $$ S $$ and $$ T $$, i.e. two invertible $$n\times n$$ matrices $$ M_S=\{S_{ij}\} $$ and $$ M_T=\{T_{ij}\} $$ with entries in $$\mathbb{F}_q $$ and two vectors $$ v_S $$ and $$ v_T $$ of length $$n$$ over $$\mathbb{F}_q $$ and define $$x$$ and $$y$$ via:

 * $$ u=Sx = M_Sx+v_S \ \ \ \ w= Ty = M_Ty+v_T \ \ \ \ (2) $$

By using the affine relations in (2) to replace the $$ u_j, w_i $$ with $$ x_k,y_l $$, the system of $$ n $$ equations is linear in the $$ y_l $$ and of degree 2 in the $$ x_k $$. Applying linear algebra it will give $$ n $$ explicit equations, one for each $$ y_l$$ as polynomials of degree 2 in the $$ x_k $$.

Multivariate cryptosystem
The basic idea of the HFE family of using this as a multivariate cryptosystem is to build the secret key starting from a polynomial $$ P $$ in one unknown $$ x $$ over some finite field $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ (normally value $$ q=2 $$ is used). This polynomial can be easily inverted over $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$, i.e. it is feasible to find any solutions to the equation $$ P(x)=y $$ when such solution exist. The secret transformation either decryption and/or signature is based on this inversion. As explained above $$P$$ can be identified with a system of $$n$$ equations $$ (p_1,...,p_n) $$ using a fixed basis. To build a cryptosystem the polynomial $$ (p_1,...,p_n) $$ must be transformed so that the public information hides the original structure and prevents inversion. This is done by viewing the finite fields $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ as a vector space over $$\mathbb{F}_q $$ and by choosing two linear affine transformations $$ S $$ and $$ T $$. The triplet $$ (S,P,T) $$ constitute the private key. The private polynomial $$ P $$ is defined over $$\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$. The public key is $$ (p_1,...,p_n) $$. Below is the diagram for MQ-trapdoor $$ (S,P,T) $$ in HFE
 * $$\text{input} x\to x=(x_1,...,x_n)\overset{\text{secret}: S}{\to}x'\overset{\text{secret}: P}{\to}y'\overset{\text{secret}: T}{\to}\text{output} y$$

HFE polynomial
The private polynomial $$ P $$ with degree $$ d $$ over $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ is an element of $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n}[x] $$. If the terms of polynomial $$ P $$ have at most quadratic terms over $$ \mathbb{F}_{q} $$ then it will keep the public polynomial small. The case that $$P$$ consists of monomials of the form $$ x^{q^{s_i}+q^{t_i}}$$, i.e. with 2 powers of $$q$$ in the exponent is the basic version of HFE, i.e. $$ P $$ is chosen as

 * $$ P(x)=\sum c_i x^{q^{s_i}+q^{t_i}} $$

The degree $$ d $$ of the polynomial is also known as security parameter and the bigger its value the better for security since the resulting set of quadratic equations resembles a randomly chosen set of quadratic equations. On the other side large $$d$$ slows down the deciphering. Since $$ P $$ is a polynomial of degree at most $$ d $$ the inverse of $$ P $$, denoted by $$ P^{-1} $$ can be computed in $$ d^2(\ln d)^{O(1)} n^2 \mathbb{F}_q $$ operations.

Encryption and decryption
The public key is given by the $$n$$ multivariate polynomials $$ (p_1,...,p_n) $$ over $$\mathbb{F}_q$$. It is thus necessary to transfer the message $$ M $$ from $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n} \to \mathbb{F}_q^n $$ in order to encrypt it, i.e. we assume that $$ M $$ is a vector $$ (x_1,...,x_n)\in \mathbb{F}_q^n $$. To encrypt message $$ M $$ we evaluate each $$p_i$$ at $$(x_1,...,x_n)$$. The ciphertext is $$(p_1(x_1,...,x_n), p_2(x_1,...,x_n), ... ,p_n(x_1,...,x_n))\in \mathbb{F}_q^n$$.

To understand decryption let us express encryption in terms of $$ S, T, P $$. Note that these are not available to the sender. By evaluating the $$p_i$$ at the message we first apply $$ S $$, resulting in $$ x' $$. At this point $$ x' $$ is transferred from $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n} \to \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ so we can apply the private polynomial $$ P $$ which is over $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ and this result is denoted by $$ y'\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$. Once again, $$ y' $$ is transferred to the vector $$ (y_1',...,y_n') $$ and the transformation $$ T $$ is applied and the final output $$ y\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ is produced from $$ (y_1,...,y_n)\in \mathbb{F}_q^n $$.

To decrypt $$ y $$, the above steps are done in reverse order. This is possible if the private key $$ (S,P,T) $$ is known. The crucial step in the deciphering is not the inversion of $$ S $$ and $$ T $$ but rather the computations of the solution of $$ P(x')=y' $$. Since $$ P $$ is not necessary a bijection, one may find more than one solution to this inversion (there exist at most d different solutions $$ X'=(x_1',...,x_d')\in\mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$ since $$ P $$ is a polynomial of degree d). The redundancy denoted as $$ r $$ is added at the first step to the message $$ M $$ in order to select the right $$ M $$ from the set of solutions $$ X'$$. The diagram below shows the basic HFE for encryption.
 * $$M\overset{+r}{\to}x\overset{\text{secret}: S}{\to}x'\overset{\text{secret}: P}{\to}y'\overset{\text{secret}: T}{\to}y$$

HFE variations
Hidden Field Equations has four basic variations namely +,-,v and f and it is possible to combine them in various way. The basic principle is the following:

 * 01. The + sign consists of linearity mixing of the public equations with some random equations.
 * 02. The - sign is due to Adi Shamir and intends to remove the redundancy 'r' of the public equations.
 * 03. The f sign consists of fixing some $$ f $$ input variables of the public key.
 * 04. The v sign is defined as a construction and sometimes quite complex such that the inverse of the function can be found only if some v of the variables called vinegar variables are fixed. This idea is due to Jacques Patarin.

The operations above preserve to some extent the trapdoor solvability of the function.

HFE- and HFEv are very useful in signature schemes as they prevent from slowing down the signature generation and also enhance the overall security of HFE whereas for encryption both HFE- and HFEv will lead to a rather slow decryption process so neither too many equations can be removed (HFE-) nor too many variables should be added (HFEv). Both HFE- and HFEv were used to obtain Quartz.

For encryption, the situation is better with HFE+ since the decryption process takes the same amount of time, however the public key has more equations than variables.

HFE attacks
There are two famous attacks on HFE:

Recover the Private Key (Shamir-Kipnis): The key point of this attack is to recover the private key as sparse univariate polynomials over the extension field $$ \mathbb{F}_{q^n} $$. The attack only works for basic HFE and fails for all its variations.

Fast Gröbner Bases (Faugère): The idea of Faugère's attacks is to use fast algorithm to compute a Gröbner basis of the system of polynomial equations. Faugère broke the HFE challenge 1 in 96 hours in 2002, and in 2003 Faugère and Joux worked together on the security of HFE.

title: Hidden Field Equations


text: Category:Canadian Paralympics

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Canadian Paralympics


text: User talk:72.26.10.38

title: User talk:72.26.10.38


text:
Madeleine Collinson

Madeleine Collinson (22 July 1952 – 14 August 2014) was a Maltese-British model and actress. She was chosen as Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in October 1970, together with her twin sister Mary Collinson. They were the first identical twin Playmates.

Career
The Collinson twins first arrived in Britain in April 1969, and prior to their appearance in Playboy one of the first people to use them was the glamour photographer/film maker Harrison Marks who cast them as saucy maids in his short film Halfway Inn. The film, made for the 8mm market, was shot sometime between their British arrival, and July 1970, when a still from the film was used in a Marks advertisement that ran in that month's issue of Continental Film Review magazine. Both sisters went on to acting careers, mostly in B-movies. Madeleine married a British Royal Air Force officer and raised three children. She later moved back to Malta and was involved in cultural and educational activities there. In her final years, Madeleine Collinson lived in San Gwann, Malta.

Death
After several months of illness from advanced emphysema, she died at Mater Dei Hospital in Msida on 14 August 2014, following an electrical blackout which had stopped her ventilator two days earlier. Her twin sister Mary was present for her death.

Filmography

 * Come Back Peter (1969)
 * Permissive (1970)
 * Groupie Girl (1970)
 * She'll Follow You Anywhere (1971)
 * The Love Machine (1971)
 * Twins of Evil (a.k.a. Twins of Dracula) 1971)

Notable TV guest appearances

 * The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 16 September 1970

Magazine appearances

 * Impact '70 magazine 1970 Vol. 1. No 1 "Double Exposure" photo story made up of stills from 'Halfway Inn'.
 * Cinema X magazine 1972 Vol.4 No.3 "Those Curvy Collinsons meet The Love Machine"
 * Titbits magazine 11 July 1973 "Which Twin has the Twinge"

title: Madeleine Collinson


text:
The Crucifucks (album)

The Crucifucks is the debut album from the band of the same name, released in 1985 on Jello Biafra's Alternative Tentacles record label. Although it never achieved commercial success, it has procured a cult following, most likely due to Doc Corbin Dart's uniquely shrill vocals and violent political lyrics. The album was later issued on the group's compilation album Our Will Be Done with "Wisconsin" and a bonus track from the band's original lineup. In a 2007 interview, Doc Dart disowned the album, calling it "an abomination".

Track listing

 * 1) "Democracy Spawns Bad Taste" – 1:52
 * 2) "Go Bankrupt and Die" – 1:23
 * 3) "You Give Me the Creeps" – 1:03
 * 4) "Marching for Trash" – 1:45
 * 5) "Legal Genocide" – 2:29
 * 6) "I Am the Establishment" – 1:54
 * 7) "Cops for Fertilizer" – 1:48
 * 8) "Hinkley Had a Vision" – 2:12
 * 9) "By the Door" – 2:43
 * 10) "Oh Where, Oh Where?" – 1:10
 * 11) "I Was" – 1:25
 * 12) "Similar Items" – 2:32
 * 13) "Official Terrorism" – 1:27
 * 14) "No One Can Make Me Play Along with This" – 3:25
 * 15) "Down on My Knees" – 3:08

title: The Crucifucks (album)


text:
Talk:Lincoln Logs

Directions for Uncle Tom's Cabin (unverified)
Was going to put in uncited. However, the Requests for adminship/YHoshua for User:YHoshua has him citing sources (sic): Edward Pessen, The Log Cabin Myth (New Haven: Yale UP, 1984); and Lies Across America: What Our Historic Site Get Wrong by James W. Loewen, page 169. I have not actually read this source, so it would not be fair for me to put the reference. Group29 17:07, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I have the "Lies Across America" book here in front of me and it does indeed mention that the original Lincoln Logs came with instructions on how to build Uncle Tom's Cabin. This is stated on page 169. Oh, don't know what format is needed for citations, but the publisher is 'The New Press' and the copyright is 1999. 12.206.222.20 (talk) 23:19, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

Diameter
the article says 1/4 inch, which is obvious,y far too small. So I measured a set I happen to have unhand for the grandiose: the diameter is 5/8 inch. But this seems to me to be original research. Maybe originally they were small, but as far back as the 1950s they certainly were larger than 1/4 inch.Wschart (talk) 13:09, 15 July 2011 (UTC)

"Logs of Love"/France
I am not sure why this section is here, as there is no apparent connection to Lincoln Logs other than "Logs" in the name. I also question its accuracy - if Lincoln Logs were invented in 1916, I do not see how a French product from 1900 came after it. Jnmwiki (talk) 18:32, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The Lincoln Logs of Love is clearly a hoax in the schoolboy/Urban Dictionary tradition, as such it should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.101.105.76 (talk) 22:25, 23 January 2013 (UTC) <!--Autosigned by Sinefather

"History" section
Section states that Lincoln Logs were invented by John Lloyd Wright "in 1916 when [he] was working in Japan with his father." That statement is a direct contradiction of a statement in the "Imperial Hotel, Tokyo" Wikipedia entry which states that Frank Lloyd Wright SAILED "for Japan on 28 December 1916." If that is true, the Wright family would've arrived in Japan during the first week of January 1917 -- that would be the earliest that John could have actually WORKED with his father IN Japan. As such, the year of invention can only be 1917.

However, if John worked on the PLANS with his father, then 1916 would be the correct year of invention.

Also, the construction description in the "Imperial Hotel, Japan" Wikipedia entry does NOT corroborate/match the construction history given in this entry. Another contradiction.

More research (and inline citations) needs to be done to clarify both of these contradictions in order to present/convey historical accuracy.~

title: Talk:Lincoln Logs


text:
Wikipedia:Featured articles in other languages

This is a list of featured articles in other language Wikipedias. It is an effort to highlight articles that have gained featured article status in other languages but are not as detailed (or do not even exist) in English. This page gives details about articles that don't yet exist in the English language Wikipedia.

This page aims at giving sources of information from other languages' Wikipedias to editors. The list has been gathered based on each language's equivalent of the Featured Articles page. The process is currently full-automated by user:cewbot.

The requirements for being a featured article are different in each language, and articles will still need to go through the featured article candidate nomination procedure in order to gain the featured status here.


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USS Young

Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Young, the first for John Young (c. 1740–1781), a captain in the Continental Navy, and the second for Rear Admiral Lucien Young (1852–1912).

 * The first, USS Young (DD-312) was a Clemson-class destroyer, launched in 1919 and wrecked in the Honda Point Disaster of 1923.
 * The second, USS Young (DD-580) was a Fletcher-class destroyer, launched in 1942 and stricken in 1968.

title: USS Young


text:
SoHo (Australian TV channel)

SoHo was an Australian pay television channel. Originally launched as FX in 1995 and oriented towards classic programming, it was rebranded as W. and shifted its focus to women's programming on 1 November 2003. Later, on 20 August 2012, it was again rebranded as SoHo and shifted its focus to drama television series.

The channel closed down on 4 October 2016, and was replaced by Binge.

History
In 1995, FX, then stylised as fX, was launched in Australia on Foxtel, featuring classic TV series (often branded as "Golden Years of Television").

In late 1998 fX became FX, which at the time was a channel aimed at women, unlike the international FX channels demographic, featuring shows such as The View and Donny and Marie.

The channel became available on Austar in April 1999.

In late 2000, FX was again rebranded, officially becoming "Australia's first TV channel for women".

It was relaunched as W. on 1 November 2003, shortly before digital broadcasting began. W. screened original Australian programming such as Beauty and the Beast, Love My Way, From Here to Maternity and Studio A with Simon Burke. It also had Pay-TV rights to many popular US primetime drama series such as Pushing Daisies and The Wire and repeats of many other series.

Antonia Kidman, sister of actress Nicole Kidman, was the face of the W. channel, for quite some time and has presented a few parenting and entertainment programs for this and other channels. W2, the timeshift channel broadcasting programs two hours later, was launched in September 2006. A website for the channel was also launched in September 2006.

W. underwent a transformation in April 2009, which included an updated logo (now simply W) and several new additions to the primetime line-up. W HD was launched on 15 November 2009, on both Austar and Foxtel.

In 2012, it was announced that SoHo was to broadcast the new Australian drama Wentworth, a re-imaging of the classic television show Prisoner. The series started airing on 1 May 2013.

The channel closed on 30 September 2016, with existing programs being moved to other channels. Most programs migrated to Showcase, with a handful of other titles moving to TV H!TS, Arena and FOX8.

Original programming

 * Love My Way (2004 on FOX8, 2005 on W Channel, 2007 on Showcase)
 * Beauty and the Beast (2005–2007)
 * Spirited (2010–2011)
 * Wentworth (2013–2016)
 * A Place to Call Home (2013–2014 on Seven, 2015 on SoHo)

Acquired programming on SoHo

 * A Place to Call Home (seasons 1 & 2)
 * Any Human Heart
 * Army Wives
 * Band of Brothers
 * Big Love
 * Boardwalk Empire
 * Bored to Death
 * The Borgias
 * Boss
 * Burn Notice
 * The Closer
 * Cloudstreet
 * Curb Your Enthusiasm
 * Dallas
 * Damages
 * Enlightened
 * Entourage
 * Friday Night Lights
 * Game of Thrones
 * Girls
 * The Glades
 * Graceland
 * How to Make It in America
 * In Treatment
 * John Adams
 * The Killing
 * Labyrinth
 * Las Vegas
 * Law & Order
 * Law & Order: Criminal Intent
 * Leverage
 * The Client List
 * The Listener
 * Longmire
 * Love/Hate
 * Luck
 * Magic City
 * Major Crimes
 * Men of a Certain Age
 * Mildred Pierce
 * Nashville
 * The Newsroom (moved to showcase)
 * Rizzoli & Isles
 * Shameless
 * Six Feet Under
 * The Sopranos
 * Southland
 * Tangle
 * Touch
 * Treme
 * True Blood
 * Veep
 * Weeds
 * The West Wing
 * White Collar
 * The White Queen
 * World Without End

Acquired programming on W

 * The Border
 * Boston Legal (moved to 111 Greats)
 * Cold Case (moved to 111 Greats)
 * The Dr. Oz Show (moved to Arena)
 * Dr. Phil
 * Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (moved to LifeStyle Home)
 * General Hospital
 * Jeopardy! (moved to Fox Classics)
 * Kevin Hill
 * Law & Order (moved to 111 Greats)
 * The Mentalist (moved to Arena, then Fox8)
 * The Montel Williams Show
 * The Nate Berkus Show
 * The Oprah Winfrey Show
 * Outrageous Fortune (moved to Arena)
 * Pushing Daisies
 * Rachael Ray
 * Raising the Bar
 * Sex and the City
 * The View
 * The Wire
 * Without a Trace (moved to 111 Greats)
 * The Young and the Restless (moved to Arena)

title: SoHo (Australian TV channel)


text:
1861 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1861.

Explorations

 * First scientific investigations of Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar.
 * British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham identifies the ancient city of Vaishali with the present-day village of Basrah in Bihar.

Excavations

 * June - First modern excavation of the Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave of Maeshowe on Orkney by James Farrer.
 * Excavation of Long Hole Cave in Glamorgan reveals prehistoric flint artefacts.
 * Excavation of Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, by Ernest Renan, abandoned when he finds that the ruins are only about two thousand years old.
 * Excavation of Vergina by Leon Heuzey.

Publications

 * Edward Burnett Tylor - Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern.

Events

 * Archaeological Survey of India founded.

Births

 * October 6 - Gaston Cros, French army officer and archaeologist (killed in action 1915)

title: 1861 in archaeology


text:
Talk:Cycling in Chicago

Untitled
Removed a lot of non-factual information but also added as much factual information as I could. The article is now two steps closer to being a quality Wikipedia article. Would anyone like to get started on fixing the Active Transportation Alliance's website? Stevevance (talk) 03:13, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

Reads like an Advertisement
The first paragraph (in particular) reads like an advertisement or public relations copy. I think it could be edited to present a more neutral POV. Furthermore, according to this: http://ctpp.transportation.org/production/Chicago%20city,%20Illinois.htm the "one of the most common transportation methods in the city" bit is either misleading or factually incorrect.Astonzia (talk) 20:54, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

I removed this statementStevevance (talk) 03:11, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

Still reads like an some boosterish ad copy "Since the advent of the bicycle in the 1860s, Chicago has been distinguished as one of the premier cycling locations in the United States" really? ugg premier is one of the most generic words. Fancy condos and resorts are premier. "Advent" is needlessly fancy too. Are bicycles religious now? Why not the simple "invention"

How about an opening line like "Chicagoans have a long history of widespread interest in bicycle riding," something about manufacturing. Then "One of the earliest recorded use of bicycle use is [blank]" this can lead into the history of manufacture and use.

Of note here is that some of the first paved streets in Chicago were for bicyclists. I think this was noted in Pacgya's book.

Onto Mayor Daley.

"In the 2000s, Chicago has seen an increase in the amount of bikers traveling throughout the city. This can in part be attributed to the current mayor." I don't know. Later on "Under the current Mayor Daley, cycling in Chicago has seen huge increase in participation" come on mention it once.. It seems like a campaign ad. He may have been ahead of the curve on bike paths, but many major cities has seen huge increases of cycling in the 2000's and did not have Daley as mayor. Such things are hard to demonstrate. Better to note "Mayor Daley is an enthusiastic supporter of bicycling" and list instances of official action which is supportive of biking where appropriate. not right mentioning the mayor's name. The new zoning ordinance requires new developments to set aside bike racks, for example. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.175.214.83 (talk) 23:33, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

67.175.214.83 (talk) 23:33, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

Link to "Chicago Bike Trails" web site
I was wondering if it would be possible for someone to add a link to my "Chicago Bike Trails" web site to Cycling in Chicago. The site started as a school project and is now in its third year. It is the 9th suggestion for the Google search 'chicago bike trails' and ironically shows up right under the link for Wikipedia Cycling In Chicago. It is the 3rd suggestion for the Google search 'chicago bike paths'.

The link can either be to:

www.chicagobiketrails.net or chicagotrails.netfirms.com

Thank You, Joe Lewis SpotALoony (talk) 10:46, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Use of Chicago, Illinois category
The category is used to demonstrate how the Chicago Project categorization scheme would use the distinguished category feature - please see the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Chicago/Categories/Categorization scheme. Pknkly (talk) 05:13, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 12 external links on Cycling in Chicago. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090926010658/http://www.chicagobikes.org/indoorcta.html to http://www.chicagobikes.org/indoorcta.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110511032025/http://www.afreshsqueeze.com/chicago/articles/chicago-pedals-fast-boost-reputation-bike-friendly-city to http://www.afreshsqueeze.com/chicago/articles/chicago-pedals-fast-boost-reputation-bike-friendly-city
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050404144029/http://www.chicagobikes.org/ to http://www.chicagobikes.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081227081823/http://www.chicagobikes.org/bikeparking/ to http://www.chicagobikes.org/bikeparking
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050404144029/http://www.chicagobikes.org/ to http://www.chicagobikes.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090305201746/http://www.chicagobikes.org/pdf/bike_lane_design_guide.pdf to http://www.chicagobikes.org/pdf/bike_lane_design_guide.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070704060353/http://bikeuic.org/ to http://www.bikeuic.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050404144029/http://www.chicagobikes.org/ to http://www.chicagobikes.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080528034623/http://www.chicagobikestation.com/ to http://www.chicagobikestation.com/

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:55, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cycling in Chicago


text:
Talk:Timeline of organized crime in Chicago

WikiProject
Please see WikiProject Organized crime (proposed) for details on this possible collaborative effort. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MadMax (talk • contribs)

Other crime groups
I think its important to include significant events that have happened with the street gangs and other organized crime groups operating or who formerly operated in Chicago, and not just include Outfit events. If anyone can find info or knows info, please contribute. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.174.30.26 (talk • contribs)

Dead Links
The page should be checked for dead links. The external link referenced is not found. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.201.16.180 (talk) 08:56, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Operation Greylord
This cite and its details need adding in FBI note on Greylord. The entire city was in the outfit's control.86.42.204.187 (talk) 23:41, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Question
Am I alone in thinking that the Rod Blagojevich corruption charges don't belong in this article? Besides which, the entry is stale. He has been convicted, which is not reflected. But is public corruption in the 21st century really germane to the story of Organized Crime in Chicago? Gtwfan52 (talk) 07:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
 * removed several list items of elected official with no stated connection to organized crime Hugh (talk) 18:20, 23 June 2013 (UTC)

Split discussion
As an article, this page is deficient in terms of WP:MOS, among its many issues is the lack of a introductory section or lede; also lack of narrative. As a list, this page is deficient in terms of providing explicit inclusion criteria. As it stands, this page is closest to an amalgam of two or possibly three separate lists.

I propose we split this page into two list articles:

 * 1) Timeline of organized crime in Chicago, and
 * 2) List of Chicago criminal organizations and crime bosses.

Please do not remove the split template until this discussion is closed. Thanks, Hugh (talk) 19:37, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

Is this page a list in the sense of WP:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists? Is this page a timeline in the sense of WP:CHRONO? Hugh (talk) 04:04, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

The history of organized crime in Chicago is an important aspect of the history of Chicago, and of wide general interest to those first coming to the topic of the history of Chicago.

Thank you to the editors who have made contributions to this page. In particular, thank you to the one editor who is responsible for most of the content through slow and steady progress over many years, clearly a labor of love for a fellow Wikipedian.

As a Chicago history buff I very much enjoyed reading the page as a web page. When I got through it, I was left with a powerful impression of a city roiled in organized criminal activity. However, when I was done, I had to wonder, how many Wikipedia readers could we expect to make it through, from start to finish? And I had to admit, it's not a very good Wikipedia article.

First and foremost, we must mention the total lack of a narrative. As Wikipedia editors we are bound by policies, perhaps most relevant here is the policy Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. WP articles are expected to be readable, that is, to have a narrative flow.

Wikipedia offers other special types of content that are more forgiving in this aspect of narrative, in particular, relevant here are the style guidelines WP:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists and WP:CHRONO.

As it stands, this page is neither a very good article, list, or chronology. It seems to skirt all style guidelines by defying categorization which would commit to a particular set of guidelines. Fashioning this page as it stands into a decent WP article would seem to require organizing the bullet points into coherent paragraphs, and adding significant new content such that each bullet point flows logically into the next. This is a lot of work. Therefore the suggestions above. It's not just a rename suggestion, it's a suggestion that we decide what we are writing (article, list, chronology), pick a style guideline, and stick to it. The above suggestion will broaden editorial participation in this important topic, since a page with a title of "List of..." or "Timeline of..." sets up expectations for experienced editors which will encourage boldness.

Thank you again to the major contributors of this content. I respect the impressive elbow grease of those major contributors. It has been suggested that I be bold but I am reluctant to do so immediately as I am not one of those major contributors. I hope to hear from my fellow editors and in particular from those major contributors here. What do you think? Hugh (talk) 18:55, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

Organized Crime in Chicago
Look, I'm only interested in bonafide Chicago gangsters and mobsters. The content concerning ex-IL Gov. George Ryan and such, on the "Organized Crime in Chicago" page, was already there when I first started adding content. I didn't delete it, because I'm so tired of fighting with *-holes on this site who have their "pet" articles, which nobody else can so much as correct for bad grammar. As far as the timeline link, it was here, too, when I began adding gangster content. Remove it also, if you want to. The criminal organizations content was also here when I started adding mobster content. However, I spruced that up; and, I think this content adds to the list of bonafide organized crime deeds on the page and vice versa. I would like that to stay on the page. Canihaveacookie (Talk) 3:54, July 7, 2013 (UTC)

Closure of split discussion at Organized crime in Chicago. Move to this page
The following was left on my talk page. I thought it would be better discussed hereOp47 (talk) 22:53, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Hello. Thank you for your contributions. I am an active member of WP:CHICAGO. I noticed you recently closed the split discussion at Organized crime in Chicago with the reason "No support for split." However, the discussion did include some support for a split. The discussion was closed with only the view of one editor, the editor who started the discussion, who clearly favors the split. I would respectfully request the closure be backed out and the template restored. Once the discussion is open I would like to add some addition thoughts and try again to foster broader discussion and consensus on this problematic page. Thanks again. Hugh (talk) 16:42, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Hello Hugh. Just to clarify, when I said no support, I mean't no one had supported you. Obviously you support your own proposal. Also, I came here as the volunteer who sorts out old split tags. My initial impression was that the tag and proposal had been forgotten and I couldn't justify making the split myself. I am pleased to see that I was wrong. However, I would prefer not to re-open the discussion as such because if you were going to achieve concensus that way then you would have done by now. As I see it, there are 2 other ways to try:
 * Open an RfC. These last for a month and tend to give a more clear cut view.
 * Be bold and make the split. If no one reverts then you have your concensus.
 * Hope this helps. Op47 (talk) 23:09, 11 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your reply. I will take your suggestion to be bold. Hugh (talk) 18:57, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

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Regarding the Original 11 Black Book Members...
'''Current : ''' 1960 – The State of Nevada's Gaming Control Board first published the so-named, "Black Book", which had a short list of 11 names of men banned from all casinos in Nevada. 11 of the 11 men were allegedly associated with the Chicago Outfit: Sam Giancana, Murray Humphreys and Marshall Caifano, who sued on constitutional grounds and also seemingly for slander, but lost his case. The 'Black Book" is still published today.

Talk:

The actual original 11 are not all Chicago outfit guys:

Chicago

Kansas City
 * Salvatore Giancana (aka Salvatore Giancana, Sam Giancana, Momo, Mooney, Sam the Cigar, Sammy): a boss from 1957 to 1966
 * Llewelyn Morris Humphreys (aka Murray Llewelyn Humphreys, Murray Humphreys, The Camel, The Hump): an alleged lieutenant of Al Capone and Sam Giancana
 * Marcello Giuseppe Caifano (aka Johnny Marshall, Marshall Caifano): an overseer of mob-controlled casinos in Las Vegas who was suspected of numerous murders

Los Angeles New York
 * Nicholas Civella (aka Nick Civella): a mob boss (brother of Carl Civella)
 * Carl James Civella (aka Cork): in charge of day-to-day operations (brother of Nicholas Civella)
 * Motel Grzebienacz (aka Max Jaben): an associate and alleged lieutenant for Sam Giancana
 * Louis Tom Dragna (aka Lou Allen): a boss, who challenged the black book’s constitutionality
 * John Louis Battaglia (aka The Bat): an associate
 * Joseph Sica (aka J.S., Joe Sica): a racketeer involved in bookmaking, armed robbery, murder for hire, extortion and narcotics distribution
 * Robert L. Garcia (aka Bobby Garcia): an associate
 * Michael Coppola (aka Trigger Mike): a capo for the Genovese crime family


text:
Wikipedia talk:Featured articles in other languages

Bot
This has taken quite a while to do and I'm sure a more automated way (ie. a bot) would work much better for the other languages. violet/riga [talk] 15:09, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Machine translations
I encountered articles that were more or less machine translations of FA in another language, in Main space. I think it's a disgrace, for the subject and Wikipedia in general. Machine translations should be taken to user space and improved there in a collaborative effort before going public, if you ask me, --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:23, 14 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
The Awkward Age

The Awkward Age is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in Harper's Weekly in 1898–1899 and then as a book later in 1899. Originally conceived as a brief, light story about the complications created in her family's social set by a young girl coming of age, the novel expanded into a general treatment of decadence and corruption in English fin de siècle life.

Plot summary
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Brookenham host an effete, rather corrupt social circle. They are the parents of worthless Harold and sweet but knowledgeable Nanda (age eighteen). Mr. Longdon attends one of their social functions and is amazed at how much Nanda resembles her grandmother, his long-ago love who married another man. Vanderbank, a young civil servant with little money, admires both Mrs. Brookenham (nicknamed "Mrs. Brook") and Nanda. Mrs. Brook seems to want an affair with "Van" but he appears more interested in Nanda. Mr. Longdon promises him a dowry if he marries Nanda.

Mrs. Brook is instead trying to get her daughter married to Mitchy, a very rich but rather naive member of her social circle. But Nanda urges Mitchy to marry Aggie, the supposedly sheltered step-niece of one of Mrs. Brook's friends (the Duchess). Mitchy follows the advice, then watches helplessly as Aggie kicks over the traces and starts playing around on him. Van constantly hesitates about proposing to Nanda. She finally tells him and Mitchy to be kind to her mother, then prepares to stay at Mr. Longdon's country home as a kind of surrogate daughter.

Key themes
James originally wanted this novel to resemble one of Gyp's superficial but entertaining novels of social decadence. But the material drew him on, and he wound up with a lengthy book about Nanda's eventual rejection of the often sleazy social circle around her mother. A lot of the characters who drop by Mrs. Brook's house are certainly no saints, and hypocrisy and deceit seem to be their favorite pastimes.

Mr. Longdon represents an idealized previous age of better morals and manners. He wants to see Nanda safely married and away from what he views as her mother's corrupting influence. Although the book ends with Nanda preparing to stay at his country house, there are no guarantees as to how her future will play out.

With the novel cast almost entirely in dialogue, it's sometimes difficult for the reader to detect the characters' genuine motives. But there's little doubt James meant the book as an attack on what he saw as the increasing irresponsibility and immorality of the society around him. James was always careful to sweeten this rather dour message with a lot of witty satire on the foibles of Mrs. Brook's social circle. He was particularly proud of his treatment of the resourceful if not overly honest Mrs. Brook herself.

Many critics see the novel as parallel in theme and setting to James's earlier novel What Maisie Knew, with Nanda as a slightly older version of Maisie.

Critical evaluation
Critics have strongly disagreed on the worth of The Awkward Age. F.R. Leavis praised it highly, calling it "one of James' major achievements." Edmund Wilson, on the other hand, showed little patience with the "gibbering crew" surrounding Nanda with their vaguely corrupt schemes. More recent commentators have expressed similar differences.

Many critics, such as Edward Wagenknecht, have detected over-treatment in the almost-all-dialogue presentation, which often strings out scenes to great length and complexity. James rejected this criticism emphatically in the New York Edition preface.

title: The Awkward Age


text:
Dr. Zonk and the Zunkins

Dr. Zonk and the Zunkins was a CBC children's television series which ran three afternoons a week from 23 September 1974 to 14 April 1975.

Although the show was cancelled after one season, it was notable for the number of cast members who went on to successful careers. Some of the cast members were also seen in the following season on the CBC Television series Coming Up Rosie.

Cast

 * John Candy
 * Robin Eveson (as Billy Meek)
 * Dan Hennessey
 * Bob McKenna
 * Rosemary Radcliffe
 * Gilda Radner
 * Fiona Reid
 * John Stocker

Premise
The show centered on scenes set in the bedroom of a young boy named Billy Meek with robot/computer-like puppets called Zunkins named Zooey and Dunkin who would come to life each episode out of a comic book featuring the adventures of the never seen superhero Dr. Zonk. The rest of the cast were featured in randomly themed comedy sketches that the Zunkins would show to their human friend.

Reception
A survey of 600 potential viewers found that the series was deemed childish and that viewership was being lost to competing American sitcoms. This led the producers to feature several of the performers in an entirely new series, Coming Up Rosie, based on a more conventional sitcom concept.

title: Dr. Zonk and the Zunkins


text:
GeCAD Software

GECAD Software was a Romanian's Computer Aided Design (CAD) software development company established in 1992 by Radu Georgescu. Over time, GECAD's focus shifted from CAD software to security-related software, mainly antivirus software. Its most prominent product, Reliable Antivirus, or RAV, was first developed in 1994. In 2003, after amassing over 10 million users in 60 countries worldwide, the technology was acquired by Microsoft. In 2004, GECAD Software reshaped its entire business and became GECAD Group.

Now, GECAD Group invests in companies with high growth potential with the ability to innovate and deliver new ideas and products in their markets. Investment is focused primarily on software and hi-tech companies, including security software, cloud technologies, eCommerce, cryptocurrencies, and payment methods. In 2005, the GECAD Group invested in founding the Avangate eCommerce payments platform.

GECAD Group permanently invests in new businesses.

title: GeCAD Software


text:
Darren Ward (footballer, born 1978)

Darren Philip Ward (born 13 September 1978) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Hemel Hempstead Town. Ward has played for all three major South London teams, Charlton Athletic, Crystal Palace and Millwall. He also played for and was briefly joint caretaker manager at Swindon Town.

Playing career
Born in Kenton, a district of Harrow, Ward started his career at Watford, making his debut on 20 April 1996 against arch-rivals Luton. But opportunities were scant for Ward in the next few seasons – he made eight appearances in 1996–97 and, after suffering a badly broken leg, only one appearance in each of the following two seasons.

Ward was loaned out to Q.P.R., in the 1999–2000 season, playing fifteen games, and was generally impressive. On his return to Watford he became one of their first-team centre-halves, playing against teams like Manchester United and Arsenal in the club's final two months in the Premier League and scoring in a 1–1 draw with Middlesbrough. On their return to Division 1, Ward continued to be a first team regular, making 40 appearances in 2000–01.

Gianluca Vialli's arrival at Vicarage Road in the summer of 2001 saw a considerable re-modelling of the side, and Ward was one of the casualties. He moved to Millwall in October 2001 for £500,000 where he became a regular first team player, and was nicknamed 'The Peckham Beckham', due to the fact that his haircut is similar to that of former England captain David Beckham. At The New Den, Ward and Matthew Lawrence stood out at the central defensive position, as the Lions played in the 2004 FA Cup Final, against Manchester United. Ward played the full 90 minutes, as Millwall were beaten 3–0.

In May 2005 he moved across south-London to Crystal Palace for £1.1m, signing a three-year deal. Ward initially did well and his goalscoring form made him very popular, but by the end of his first season this good form disappeared, and by May 2007 he was out of the side, with Mark Hudson and Leon Cort preferred instead.

In July 2007, Ward joined Wolves on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee however it was announced in May 2008 that he would be one of many casualties leaving the club, after spending less than a year there. However, after showing a positive attitude, Ward was taken off the transfer list and told to fight for his place.

He went on a two-month loan to Watford in September 2008, the club where he began his career, but this was halted after nine appearances when he suffered a cheekbone fracture. He scored once during his second spell at Watford, in a 3–0 win over QPR.

He joined Charlton Athletic on loan for the remainder of the 2008–09 season on 30 January 2009, but was unable to prevent the team being relegated to League One. He returned to his parent club in the summer, who loaned him out again in September 2009, this time to his former team Millwall on a three-month loan, made permanent on 1 January 2010. He signed a three-year contract extension with Millwall in June 2010.

Swindon Town
Ward signed permanently for Swindon Town on 4 January 2013, after a successful loan spell. He signed a four-month loan deal at the beginning of the 2012–13 season until January which resulted in signing the 18-month deal.

On 20 February, following the departure of Paolo Di Canio, Swindon announced that along with Tommy Miller, Ward would be taking temporary charge of the squad for the game against Preston on 23 February.

Crawley Town (loan)
On 8 January 2015, it was announced that Ward would be joining Crawley Town on loan from Swindon Town until the end of the 2014–15 season. Ward had made 499 career appearances, and has said that he wants to make it to the 600 mark. He scored his first goal for Crawley in a 2–0 win over Notts County on 18 April 2015.

Yeovil Town
On 8 November 2015, Ward signed for Yeovil Town on a short-term contract until January 2016. After being made captain of Yeovil following the appointment of Darren Way as manager, Ward signed an extension to his contract until June 2017. At the end of the 2016–17 season, Ward was released by Yeovil along with five other players.

Hemel Hempstead Town
In February 2018, Ward signed for National League South side Hemel Hempstead Town.

Personal life
Darren is the brother of ex-Luton Town goalkeeper Scott Ward and Notts County's ex-West Ham United defender Elliott Ward. He turned down the opportunity of joining West Ham and the Premiership before opting for Palace, claiming he didn't want to keep his brother out of the team.

As of February 2011, he runs a cattery in Hertfordshire.

Club
Millwall
 * FA Cup runner-up: 2003–04
 * Play off Winner 2010-11
 * Player of the year 2003-04, 2004-05

title: Darren Ward (footballer, born 1978)


text:
Talk:Cadbury World, Birmingham

- Added 'Bournville' to Cadbury world location, England & changed 'Cadbury' link to 'Cadbury-Schweppes' (Cadbury is a disambiguated page). ---Benbread 17:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cadburyworldmap.jpg
Image:Cadburyworldmap.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 19:52, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cadbury World, Birmingham


text:
User talk:Bob2000

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 17:27, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Bob2000


text:
User talk:Mpagano

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 17:29, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

An Argentine user!
Hi! I see you're from Argentina. You're welcome to join WikiProject Argentina and visit the Argentina Notice Board. --Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 01:29, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Mensaje de un wikipedista norteamericano
¡Saludos, compañero de Wikipedia! I'm coming to Argentina soon and wanted to see if any of my fellow Wikipedians were interested in meeting up, etc...I'm flying into BsAs on Jan. 25th and I don't know many people there, so if you'd be into talking/getting together, let me know. Feel free to leave a message on my user page...seeya around - Paul 23:30, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Must not point from encyclopedia to user pages
You had a user sub-page in Category:Proof theory. That means that an encyclopedic article (the category) was pointing to a non-encyclopedic part of Wikipedia (your user sub-page). This is against the rules. I added a colon ":" at the beginning of the "Category" in your sub-page (as here) which makes it a one-way pointer from your page to the encyclopedia which is allowed. JRSpriggs 05:43, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mpagano


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Juan Pérez de Montalbán

Juan Pérez de Montalbán (1602 – 25 June 1638) was a Spanish Catholic priest, dramatist, poet and novelist.

Biography
He was born in Madrid. At the age of eighteen, he became a licentiate in theology. He was ordained priest in 1625 and appointed notary to the Inquisition. In 1619 he began writing for the stage under the guidance of Lope de Vega, who is said to have assisted him in composing El Orfeo en lengua castellana (1624), a poem intended to compete with Jáuregui's Orfeo, published earlier in the same year.

Montalbán's father, a publisher at Madrid, issued a pirated edition of Quevedo's Buscón, which roused an angry controversy. The violence of these polemics, the strain of overwork, and the death of Lope de Vega so affected Montalbán that he became insane; he died in Madrid on 25 June 1638. His last work was a eulogistic biography of Lope de Vega in the Fama póstuma (1636).

Works
His plays, published in 1635–1638, are all in the manner of Lope de Vega. They were staged with much success, but, with the exception of Los Amantes de Teruel, are little more than clever improvizations. Montalbán almost rivaled Lope de Vega in dramatic productiveness, but, according to one critic, he followed that writer's conventional manner, flimsiness in construction, and carelessness in execution too closely.

The prose tales in Sucesos y prodigios de amor, en ocho novelets ejemplares (1624) and Para todos: Exemplos morales, humanos y divinos (1632) were very popular. George Ticknor characterized “The Disastrous Friendship,” a tale in the former collection, as one of the best in the Spanish language. “Aurora and the Prince,” was translated into English by Thomas Stanley (1647).

A libellous attack on Quevedo, entitled El Tribunal de la justa venganza (1635), is often ascribed to Montalbán. Montalbán's reputation was such that sometimes his name appeared on works by other writers.

title: Juan Pérez de Montalbán


text: File:POBCover.jpg

title: File:POBCover.jpg


text:
User talk:Keith Lake

Please refrain from creating inappropriate pages. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Also, p[lease do not post copyrighted information either here or on the article space. - Lucky 6.9 03:12, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Keith Lake


text:
Category:Episcopal church buildings in the United States

This category is for articles about notable buildings of all churches, etc., affiliated, or formerly affiliated,  with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Specific churches may be included in subcategories by state; some listed below may be disambiguation pages.

See also:
 * Category:Episcopal church buildings in the United States
 * Category:Anglican church buildings in the United States
 * Category:Episcopal Church (United States)


text:
Lou Lamoriello

Louis A. Lamoriello (born October 21, 1942) is an American professional ice hockey executive who is the president of hockey operations and general manager for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was formerly general manager of both the New Jersey Devils and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Lamoriello's tenure as general manager of the New Jersey Devils from 1987 to 2015 was the third-longest by an NHL general manager with a single team, following those of Conn Smythe and Art Ross. Lamoriello resigned from New Jersey on May 4, 2015, and became the 16th general manager of the Maple Leafs on July 23 of the same year.

Under Lamoriello's management, the Devils, who had been barely competitive for their first five years in New Jersey, became one of the most successful teams in the NHL. The Devils made the Stanley Cup playoffs all but three times between 1988 and 2012, qualified for five Stanley Cup Finals (in 1995, 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2012) and won the Stanley Cup three times (in 1995, 2000, and 2003). Lamoriello also was general manager for Team USA in the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, in which the U.S. won the championship, as well as for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. Lamoriello also played a key role in negotiating the settlement of the 2004–05 NHL lockout to resume play for the 2005–06 season.

In 2009, Lamoriello was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builders category, while in 2012, Lamoriello was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.

From 2001 to 2004, Lamoriello also was CEO of the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association.

Early life
Lamoriello was born in Johnston, Rhode Island. After attending La Salle Academy in Providence, Rhode Island, Lamoriello graduated from Providence College in 1963. He received varsity letters in baseball and hockey and served each team as captain during his senior year. He played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) for the Harwich Mariners (1961–62), Orleans Cardinals (1963), and in 1964 as the player-manager of the Bourne Canalmen. A star player, he remained in the league after his playing days, capturing the league championship in 1965 as field manager of the Sagamore Clouters, and in 1967 managing the Yarmouth Indians. In 2009, Lamoriello was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame.

Lamoriello was a math teacher at Johnston Senior High School in Johnston, Rhode Island, for several years ending in the early 1970s.

College hockey career
Lamoriello became head coach of the Providence College Friars men's ice hockey team in 1968 and became athletic director in July 1982. During the 1982–83 season, the Friars were 33–10–0, the best record in the nation that year, and appeared in the Frozen Four for the first time since 1964. Lamoriello resigned as head coach in 1983. As athletic director, he hired Rick Pitino as the head coach of the men's basketball team; Pitino would go on to take Providence to the Final Four in 1987.

In July 1983, Lamoriello joined his fellow athletic directors at Boston College, Boston University, the University of New Hampshire and Northeastern University in forming the Hockey East Association. He helped produce an interlocking schedule agreement with the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) and negotiate the first television package in college ice hockey.

Lamoriello was the first commissioner of Hockey East. The conference's executive committee voted on March 7, 1988, to name the conference championship trophy in his honor, as the Lamoriello Trophy. A permanent trophy was commissioned and was presented at the 1999 championship.

On April 30, 1987, Lamoriello resigned as Hockey East commissioner and as athletic director at Providence to become president of the NHL's New Jersey Devils.

New Jersey Devils (1987–2015)
In April 1987, Devils then-owner John McMullen appointed Lamoriello team president. Lamoriello named himself general manager just before the start of the 1987–88 season, a move that surprised many NHL observers. He had never played, coached or managed in the NHL, and was virtually unknown outside the American college hockey community.

Over the next 28 years, Lamoriello presided over one of the most successful rebuilding projects in North American professional sports history. In his first season as general manager, the Devils notched their first winning season in franchise history (dating back to their time as the Kansas City Scouts [1974–76] and Colorado Rockies [1976–82]) and reached the Wales Conference Finals. The Devils made the playoffs in all but five of his 27 seasons as general manager, and appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals in 1995 (won), 2000 (won), 2001 (lost), 2003 (won) and 2012 (lost). After YankeeNets bought the Devils in 2000, Lamoriello was named chairman and CEO of the Devils, as well as vice-chairman and CEO of the then co-owned New Jersey Nets. He dropped the chairmanship of the Devils and resigned his posts on the Nets after Jeffrey Vanderbeek bought the Devils from YankeeNets in 2004. For the most part, McMullen, Vanderbeek and most recent owner Josh Harris left the Devils' operations in Lamoriello's hands.

In 1992, Lamoriello was awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding service to hockey in the United States. He also was general manager for Team USA in the 1996 World Cup of Hockey (in which the U.S. won the championship) and the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Lamoriello is well known in NHL circles for his hard-nosed approach to contract negotiations. Pat Verbeek, Kirk Muller and Bill Guerin, among others, have been traded out of town after losing contract negotiations. He nearly traded Ken Daneyko, the Devils' all-time leader in games played, in 1989. According to Daneyko, Lamoriello believes in paying a third-line player as much as a first-line player if he feels they have the same value to the team.

Lamoriello, backed by Scouting Director David Conte, is known as a master drafter, showing consistent shrewdness in identifying and signing top talent that other teams were passing over. For example, superstar goaltender Martin Brodeur was a 20th overall pick, while Czech star left winger Patrik Eliáš was drafted 51st. Players drafted in the first 20 picks have been the rare exception rather than the rule. "He hasn't been able to money-whip everybody the way the Yankees do, outspending the world every year. Lamoriello has done what he has done mostly by being smart and tough and holding the whole thing together by himself sometimes," says sports journalist Mike Lupica.

Lamoriello said he studied the game for a long time before starting to manage at the NHL level. The former high school math teacher says that during his two-decade long tenure at Providence College, and later when commissioner of Hockey East, he followed professional hockey closely. When he started with the Devils in 1987, he says he took what he considered to be the best parts of the great teams — the Green Bay Packers, the New York Yankees and the Montreal Canadiens — and using his analytical background, applied them to managing the Devils.

"Lou's a model for our business. This is not just the best run franchise in the NHL, it’s the best-run franchise in pro sports," says long-time NHL executive and former Calgary Flames president of hockey operations, Brian Burke.

Lamoriello has been lauded by NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman for his key role in bringing Soviet hockey stars, such as Viacheslav Fetisov and Sergei Starikov, to the NHL in the late 1980s. "Clearly he was one of the visionaries that understood there were highly talented hockey players in the former Soviet Union that could have a place in this League," said Bettman. It was one of the reasons cited by Bettman for Lamiorello's 2009 induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Lamoriello has fostered a "unique corporate culture" that has encouraged player loyalty. For example, Martin Brodeur took below market contracts to stay with the Devils for years, while defenseman Ken Daneyko played all 1,283 of his NHL games with the team. "I like to think of my players as a family," says Lamoriello. "And I like to think the success we’ve had through the years shows that the players value that as much as they do the Stanley Cups, knowing that the two go hand in hand."

When Lamoriello is asked the key to his success, he says it has been his systematic approach to player development. "It’s the team character this squad has... that you build on. I don’t ever use the word 'rebuild.' Based on my college background, I like to look at my roster as my seniors, juniors, sophomores and freshmen and gauge their development and roster turnover based on players going from one of those classes into the next. You have to build your staff and encourage them to be creative and realistic in their approach—and (not) be afraid to make a mistake. We stress that in drafting, player development, and coaching. You grow from your mistakes. I know I have."

When others are asked what makes Lamoriello successful, his dedication and singular focus on winning are mentioned again and again. Despite public disagreements, both superstar Claude Lemieux and former assistant coach John MacLean returned to the organization because of Lamioriello's "dedication to winning". Veteran Devils defenseman Ken Daneyko says Lamoriello key factors in success are "his winning attitude, discipline and dedication. Nobody works harder".

On May 4, 2015, the Devils announced Lamoriello had handed his general manager post to Ray Shero, though he would remain as team president.

Toronto Maple Leafs (2015–2018)
On July 23, 2015, Lamoriello resigned from the New Jersey Devils to accept the general manager position with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Lamoriello worked under Maple Leafs president Brendan Shanahan, who was the first player Lamoriello drafted as an NHL general manager in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft. On April 30, 2018, Shanahan informed Lamoriello that he will no longer continue as general manager, but would remain with the organization as a special advisor. Shanahan stated that Lamoriello's contract called for him to be general manager for three years before making a transition to an advisory role.

Much as he did in New Jersey, Lamoriello helped rebuild a previously moribund team. The Leafs had only made the playoffs once in ten years, but rebounded to make the playoffs in his last two seasons as general manager. Notable moves he made in Toronto include drafting Auston Matthews and trading for netminder Frederik Andersen.

New York Islanders (2018–present)
On May 22, 2018, Lamoriello was hired by the New York Islanders as their president of hockey operations. On June 5, 2018, Lamoriello fired head coach Doug Weight and general manager Garth Snow and named himself general manager. On June 21, Lamoriello would go on to sign Barry Trotz as head coach fresh off a Stanley Cup victory, and a subsequent resignation from the Washington Capitals.

On October 21, 2022 Lamoriello became the first octogenarian general manager of an NHL franchise.

Brief coaching stints
On December 19, 2005, following the surprise resignation of Larry Robinson as Devils head coach, Lamoriello named himself interim head coach for the rest of the season. The Devils eventually made it the Eastern Conference Semifinals before falling to the Carolina Hurricanes. When asked on television after the Devils' victory over the New York Rangers in the first round of the playoffs if he was interested in becoming head coach permanently, Lamoriello replied, "Absolutely not," eventually hiring Claude Julien as head coach following the season.

On April 2, 2007, Lamoriello fired Julien and named himself interim coach once again. The firing took place with three games left in the season, when the Devils had the second-best record in the East and were on their way to setting a franchise record for regular season wins. However, Lamoriello did not believe Julien had the team ready for the playoffs.

On December 27, 2014, Lamoriello announced that he, along with Scott Stevens and Adam Oates, would act as co-head coaches of the Devils following the firing of Peter DeBoer the day prior.

Honors and achievements
In 1980, Lamoriello was inducted into the Providence College Athletic Hall of Fame.

In 1988, Hockey East named the conference championship trophy in Lamoriello's honour, the Lamoriello Trophy. A permanent trophy was commissioned and was presented at the 1999 championship.

On June 23, 2009, it was announced Lamoriello would be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builders category. He was honoured during the November 6–9 induction weekend, alongside Brett Hull, Brian Leetch, Luc Robitaille and Steve Yzerman.

Lamoriello has been the general manager for three Stanley Cup championships, in 1995, 2000 and 2003.

Additionally, as a minority owner of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees, Lamoriello has a World Series ring from the Yankees' 2009 World Series championship.

On July 12, 2012, Lamoriello was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.

On September 20, 2018, Lamoriello was inducted as a charter member of the Rhode Island Hockey Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Lou Lamoriello has three adult children: Christopher, Heidi and Tim. Christopher works for the New York Islanders as director of player personnel, previously having worked with the Devils in the scouting department, as the senior vice president of hockey operations, and the general manager of the Albany Devils. Tim is Senior Vice President and General Counsel at Legends Hospitality. His son Chris married Olympic gold medallist Vicki Movsessian.

title: Lou Lamoriello


text:
User:Irpen/sb3

Other encyclopedias and a single most primary consideration in naming policy (most commonly used English name)
I checked several other encyclopedias:

In Britannica, the article is simply called Alexandra and goes: Alexandra Russian  in full Aleksandra Fyodorovna, original name  Alix, Princess (prinzessin) von Hesse-Darmstadt 'born... died...' consort of the Russian emperor Nicholas II. Her misrule...

In Columbia Encyclopedia the article is called Alexandra Feodorovna and goes: Alexandra Feodorovna 1872–1918, last Russian czarina, consort of Nicholas II; she was a Hessian princess and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Neurotic and superstitious, she...

Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia calls the article Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress of Russia. The article goes like this: Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress of Russia Alexandra Fyodorovna, b. June 6 (N.S.), 1872, was the consort of Nicholas II, the last tsar of Russia. She was the daughter of...

In Encyclopedia Americana the article is called Alexandra Fyodorovna, and goes like this: Alexandra Fyodorovna Alexandra Fyodorovna (1872-1918), the wife of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia. She was the daughter of...

And finally, Microsoft Encarta. I don't have a full access to it, but from limited free online version I conclude that it does not have a separate article for the tsarina. However, the search for Alexandra gives: Alexandra of Russia entry which consists of the lists of contexts and links to the articles she is mentioned as follows: Alexandra of Russia: "marriage to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia" and "damage to Tsar’s prestige" and "execution with husband and children" all three in Nicholas's article ; "behaviors contributing to the Revolution" in Rasputin's article ; "identification of skeleton using mitochondrial DNA" in Mitochondria article ; "photograph of Tsar’s family" in "Russia’s Royal Family" article. Just out of curiosity, I checked the 1911 Britannica. At that time EB didn't have a separate article on her, but in Nicholas' article, EB1911 mentions his being married to Alix of Hesse.

Now, of course different encyclopedia have different sets of rules on the articles names. But I beleive, everywhere there is something similar to WP's "Used the most commonly used English name", which I interpret "Use the name most commonly used in the English language", because some foreign names are not English names, but English media do call foreigners somehow and these are the names we should choose among. The perpetual problem of all article naming disputes is the criteria, of which name to choose from the set of commonly used English names, i.e. what name of several to use and why. There were many fights about "best" or "several best" criteria. Advocates of Google test have their arguments, opponents have theirs. My opinion is that Google test is a valid criterion among others (not a single one) but it has a large statistical error and means anything only when {a) the difference is overwhelming, (b) the sampling is statistically significant, hardly the case for a princess, currently a relative obscure figure. For the similar reasons we can't make a meaningful media usage test. My favorite one is the LexusNexus test of what LN considers "[major papers]", because "Google news" or most other searches include many sources too unestablished for having a specific and consistent style policy. Therefore, we should pay attention to this "other encyclopedia test". None uses "Alix of Hesse", because none views them as a "commonly used name". To summarize, the "most commonly used English name" clause in the WP naming convention, should take precedence over other consideration, with the others stepping in only to choose among the several commonly used, or, for the totally obscure topics, to choose among several "unused". --Irpen 17:35, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Irpen/sb3


text:
Pseudoholomorphic curve

In mathematics, specifically in topology and geometry, a pseudoholomorphic curve (or J-holomorphic curve) is a smooth map from a Riemann surface into an almost complex manifold that satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equation. Introduced in 1985 by Mikhail Gromov, pseudoholomorphic curves have since revolutionized the study of symplectic manifolds. In particular, they lead to the Gromov–Witten invariants and Floer homology, and play a prominent role in string theory.

Definition
Let $$X$$ be an almost complex manifold with almost complex structure $$J$$. Let $$C$$ be a smooth Riemann surface (also called a complex curve) with complex structure $$j$$. A pseudoholomorphic curve in $$X$$ is a map $$f : C \to X$$ that satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equation
 * $$\bar \partial_{j, J} f := \frac{1}{2}(df + J \circ df \circ j) = 0.$$

Since $$J^2 = -1$$, this condition is equivalent to
 * $$J \circ df = df \circ j,$$

which simply means that the differential $$df$$ is complex-linear, that is, $$J$$ maps each tangent space
 * $$T_xf(C)\subseteq T_xX$$

to itself. For technical reasons, it is often preferable to introduce some sort of inhomogeneous term $$\nu$$ and to study maps satisfying the perturbed Cauchy–Riemann equation
 * $$\bar \partial_{j, J} f = \nu.$$

A pseudoholomorphic curve satisfying this equation can be called, more specifically, a $$(j, J, \nu)$$-holomorphic curve. The perturbation $$\nu$$ is sometimes assumed to be generated by a Hamiltonian (particularly in Floer theory), but in general it need not be.

A pseudoholomorphic curve is, by its definition, always parametrized. In applications one is often truly interested in unparametrized curves, meaning embedded (or immersed) two-submanifolds of $$X$$, so one mods out by reparametrizations of the domain that preserve the relevant structure. In the case of Gromov–Witten invariants, for example, we consider only closed domains $$C$$ of fixed genus $$g$$ and we introduce $$n$$ marked points (or punctures) on $$C$$. As soon as the punctured Euler characteristic $$2 - 2 g - n$$ is negative, there are only finitely many holomorphic reparametrizations of $$C$$ that preserve the marked points. The domain curve $$C$$ is an element of the Deligne–Mumford moduli space of curves.

Analogy with the classical Cauchy–Riemann equations
The classical case occurs when $$X$$ and $$C$$ are both simply the complex number plane. In real coordinates
 * $$j = J = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix},$$

and
 * $$df = \begin{bmatrix} du/dx & du/dy \\ dv/dx & dv/dy \end{bmatrix},$$

where $$f(x, y) = (u(x, y), v(x, y))$$. After multiplying these matrices in two different orders, one sees immediately that the equation
 * $$J \circ df = df \circ j$$

written above is equivalent to the classical Cauchy–Riemann equations
 * $$\begin{cases} du/dx = dv/dy \\ dv/dx = -du/dy. \end{cases}$$

Applications in symplectic topology
Although they can be defined for any almost complex manifold, pseudoholomorphic curves are especially interesting when $$J$$ interacts with a symplectic form $$\omega$$. An almost complex structure $$J$$ is said to be $$\omega$$-tame if and only if
 * $$\omega(v, J v) > 0$$

for all nonzero tangent vectors $$v$$. Tameness implies that the formula
 * $$(v, w) = \frac{1}{2}\left(\omega(v, Jw) + \omega(w, Jv)\right)$$

defines a Riemannian metric on $$X$$. Gromov showed that, for a given $$\omega$$, the space of $$\omega$$-tame $$J$$ is nonempty and contractible. He used this theory to prove a non-squeezing theorem concerning symplectic embeddings of spheres into cylinders.

Gromov showed that certain moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves (satisfying additional specified conditions) are compact, and described the way in which pseudoholomorphic curves can degenerate when only finite energy is assumed. (The finite energy condition holds most notably for curves with a fixed homology class in a symplectic manifold where J is $$\omega$$-tame or $$\omega$$-compatible). This Gromov compactness theorem, now greatly generalized using stable maps, makes possible the definition of Gromov–Witten invariants, which count pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectic manifolds.

Compact moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves are also used to construct Floer homology, which Andreas Floer (and later authors, in greater generality) used to prove the famous conjecture of Vladimir Arnol'd concerning the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian flows.

Applications in physics
In type II string theory, one considers surfaces traced out by strings as they travel along paths in a Calabi–Yau 3-fold. Following the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, one wishes to compute certain integrals over the space of all such surfaces. Because such a space is infinite-dimensional, these path integrals are not mathematically well-defined in general. However, under the A-twist one can deduce that the surfaces are parametrized by pseudoholomorphic curves, and so the path integrals reduce to integrals over moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves (or rather stable maps), which are finite-dimensional. In closed type IIA string theory, for example, these integrals are precisely the Gromov–Witten invariants.

title: Pseudoholomorphic curve


text:
Category talk:Zen patriarchs

Incidentally, we now have a user adding some Indian persons to this category. I'm a little uncomfortable with this. For the Chinese Patriarchs, at least we can say that, in general, their status as Patriarch is not much less historical than the person himself. However, the putative Indian Patriarchs are people who often notable in their own rights, and it might be misleading for the readers to see them described as "Zen Patriarchs" when there is no non-religious historical evidence that this was the case at all. Maybe we should move this cat to Chinese Zen Patriarchs?- Nat Krause 17:37, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Zen patriarchs


text: User:Killdevil

title: User:Killdevil


text:
User talk:Mike Twynham

Regarding Image:Branderoderick.jpg
Hi Mike,

Just came across the image you uploaded on July 20th of Brande Roderick, Image:Branderoderick.jpg. I want to let you know that all images, particularly fair use copyrighted ones, need to have a source listed. If you can provide the source and tag it accordingly, that would be appreciated. Otherwise, it's a great picture. :-) -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. 17:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh yes, certainly! I'll provide it with its proper source. Ain't she something, mate? ;-) Mike Twynham 19:48, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Image:Justinegreiner.jpg
Hi Mike,

Just want to let you know that I've listed Image:Justinegreiner.jpg on possibly unfree images. Unfortunately, the site it came from seems to be committing a copyright violation themselves, and referencing them may cause problems from the project. So if you can please find another fair usable photo of Justine that actually comes directly from -- or is licensed as a promo photo by -- the copyright holder, that would be nice. Thanks again! -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. Think out loud 04:36, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, Joe! I'll see if I can find another picture. By the way, is that kind of photo too revealing? Mike Twynham 04:40, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, Wikipedia isn't censored... However, perhaps, a less revealing photo would be in order -- you know, just in case someone is surfing Wikipedia from work? Just my two cents. -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. Think out loud 04:53, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Stop uploading copyrighted images
I think you should stop uploading all these copyrighted images of nude models. All these images are copyrighted, and full-scale reproductions do not qualify as "fair uses". (Without wanting to give legal advice, crops of just the head or very low-res thumbnails might qualify.) Also, please note that for any "fair use" claim you make, you must provide a detailed fair use rationale addressing the four points of fair use. Lupo 11:49, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your friendly comment! Are there any detailed guidelines concerning the upload of model photos? As I can see there are heaps of copyrighted images on wikipedia that have no source. Mike Twynham 15:50, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * "Are there any detailed guidelines concerning the upload of model photos?" — I don't think we have any guidelines specifically for photographs of models or other celebrities. We do have general guidelines. Good starting points are the Copyright FAQ, Copyrights, Fair use, Publicity photos (in work), and also the Copyright primer from the University of Texas. Lupo 07:01, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * "As I can see there are heaps of copyrighted images on wikipedia that have no source." — Unfortunately that statement is correct. We're working hard to correct that situation. Lupo 07:01, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Image:Brookeberry.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Brookeberry.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add , without deleting the original Replaceable fair use template.
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Chowbok  ☠  01:30, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Cydcharisse.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Cydcharisse.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 20:52, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Allison Parks.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Allison Parks.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:23, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Mike Twynham! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 4 of the articles that you created  are  Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to these articles, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:20, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Kara Monaco -
 * 2) Allison Parks -
 * 3) Sally Duberson -
 * 4) Gillian Bonner -

Articles for deletion nomination of Gillian Bonner
I have nominated Gillian Bonner, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Gillian Bonner. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. The Wordsmith Communicate 17:25, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Nicole Whitehead for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Nicole Whitehead is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Nicole Whitehead until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Damiens .rf 00:54, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Kara Monaco for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Kara Monaco is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kara Monaco until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Damiens .rf 03:18, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mike Twynham


text:
Talk:Marc Maron and the Temple of Doom

Try to add a full synopsis of the Marc Maron and the Temple of Doom story arc.- B-101 17:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marc Maron and the Temple of Doom


text:
Category:OpenVMS text editors

List of text editors that run on OpenVMS Operating system

title: Category:OpenVMS text editors