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User talk:Hfritzke

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title: User talk:Hfritzke


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Alex Zülle

Alex Zülle (born 5 July 1968) is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer. During the 1990s he was one of the most successful cyclists in the world, winning the 1996 and 1997 Vuelta a España, taking second place in the 1995 and the 1999 Tour de France. He was world time-trial champion in Lugano in 1996.

Early career
Zülle was born and brought up in Wil in the canton of St. Gallen, son of a Swiss father, Walter Zülle and Wilhelmine, from Brabant, Netherlands. As a child he wanted to be a skier but at 18 he was injured in an accident. He began cycling in the Netherlands for rehabilitation before giving up because it was too windy.

His father, having bought cycling equipment, persuaded him to give cycling another go when they returned to Switzerland. After several years as a successful amateur, Zülle turned professional in 1991. He approached the former sporting director of the Swiss team, Helvetia, Paul Köchli, but Köchli signed Laurent Dufaux instead.

Zülle then approached Manolo Saiz, but was rebuffed because, among reasons, he did not contract riders who wore earrings. Eventually, Saiz softened and Zülle rode for ONCE as a stagaire or apprentice in the Volta a Catalunya. He attacked frequently and finished third. Saiz relented and Zülle signed his first professional contract in September 1991. He remained with ONCE until 1997. Most of its riders were Spanish. Zülle spoke only Swiss-German when he joined but at the end of the Vuelta a España he answered journalists in Spanish.

Festina affair
In 1998, Zülle joined Festina. The team was banned from the 1998 Tour de France amid doping allegations which later became known as the Festina affair. Five Festina riders including Zülle admitted taking EPO. Zülle said he took it to satisfy his sponsors. He also said he was deprived of his spectacles during the police interview. On 28 November 1998, Zülle's haematocrit was found to be 52.3%, 2.3% over the limit.

1999–2004
His career coincided with that of Miguel Indurain, five-times Tour de France winner. Zülle was second in the Tour in 1999. He also won the Vuelta a España and Tour de Suisse, and stages in the Giro d'Italia. Following financial problems for his employer, Team Coast, Zülle transferred to on 27 March 2003 in a rare mid-season switch.

Zülle retired in 2004, and held a party for his fans in Wil in October that year.

Major results

 * 1990
 * 1st Flèche du Sud

 * 1991
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Grand Prix Guillaume Tell
 * 1st Prologue, Stage 2 & 4
 * 3rd Overall Volta a Catalunya
 * 4th Trofeo Masferrer

 * 1992
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 1st Jersey blue.svg Overall Vuelta a Asturias
 * 1st Stage 1b (ITT)
 * 1st Jersey violet.svg Overall Vuelta a Burgos
 * 1st Stage 5 (ITT)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Escalada a Montjuïc
 * 1st Stage 1a
 * 1st Stage 4 (ITT) Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Stage 2 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 3rd Gran Piemonte
 * 4th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 4th Grand Prix des Nations
 * 5th Milano–Torino
 * 9th Wincanton Classic

 * 1993
 * 1st Jersey white.svg Overall Paris–Nice
 * 1st Prologue & Stage 7b (ITT)
 * 1st Chur-Arosa
 * 1st Josef Voegeli Memorial
 * 2nd Overall Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stages 1 (ITT), 6 (ITT) & 21 (ITT)
 * 3rd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 3rd Overall Critérium International
 * 5th Overall Euskal Bizikleta
 * 6th Overall Volta a Catalunya

 * 1994
 * 1st Stage 1 (ITT) Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Stage 6 (ITT) Vuelta a Aragón
 * 2nd Overall Vuelta a La Rioja
 * 4th Overall Vuelta a España
 * 8th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

 * 1995
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 1st Stages 3 & 5b (ITT)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
 * 1st Stage 2b
 * 1st Challenge Mallorca
 * 1st Stage 16 Vuelta a España
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Suisse
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Prologue & Stage 5 (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Tour de France
 * 1st Stage 9
 * 2nd Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 1st Stage 5b (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Euskal Bizikleta
 * 1st Stage 4b (ITT)
 * 3rd Overall Paris–Nice

 * 1996
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 15
 * 1st MaillotVolta.png Overall Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Prologue, Stages 3 (ITT) & 6 (ITT)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 1st Stage 3 & 5b (ITT)
 * 1st GP Miguel Indurain
 * 1st Prologue Tour de France
 * 2nd Overall Euskal Bizikleta
 * 1st Stage 4b (ITT)
 * 7th Time trial, Olympic Games
 * 8th Overall Escalada a Montjuïc

 * 1997
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 21 (ITT)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 1st Stage 5b (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 2nd Overall Escalada a Montjuïc
 * 2nd Milano–Torino
 * 3rd La Flèche Wallonne
 * 5th Overall Vuelta a Murcia

 * 1998
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Prologue, Stages 6 & 15 (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 1st Stage 4b (ITT)
 * 3rd Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 3rd Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 1st Stage 5b (ITT)
 * 4th Overall Paris–Nice
 * 5th Grand Prix Eddy Merckx (with Christophe Bassons)
 * 8th Overall Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 21 (ITT)

 * 1999
 * 1st À travers Lausanne
 * 1st Stage 13 Vuelta a España
 * 2nd Overall Tour de France
 * 6th Breitling Grand Prix (with José Vicente García
 * 10th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships

 * 2000
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Volta ao Algarve
 * 1st Stage 4 (ITT)
 * 1st Stage 1 (ITT) Vuelta a España
 * 4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 7th Overall Euskal Bizikleta

 * 2001
 * 1st Stage 4 Paris–Nice
 * 3rd Overall Vuelta a Asturias
 * 9th Overall Tour of the Basque Country

 * 2002
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour de Suisse
 * 1st Prologue
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
 * 1st Stage 5 (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 1st Jersey orange.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 4 & 5 (ITT)
 * 2nd Overall Volta ao Algarve
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 4th GP Triberg-Schwarzwald
 * 5th Deutschland Tour

 * 2003
 * 3rd Overall Vuelta a Castilla y León
 * 7th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

 * 2004
 * 5th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alex Zülle


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Talk:Side-chain

This article appears to be duplicated and superceded by the non-hyphenated stub Side Chain, so I'm making it link to there

title: Talk:Side-chain


text: User talk:68.72.118.68

title: User talk:68.72.118.68


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Lake Dahlgren

Lake Dahlgren is a 30 acre lake situated approximately 9 mi southeast of Noble, Oklahoma. It is an artificial lake created by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation in 1953. There are no picnic, camping or bathroom facilities at Lake Dahlgren. However, the lake remains popular due to the numerous hiking trails located nearby.

title: Lake Dahlgren


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User talk:Boodansingh

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Lucky 6.9 21:39, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Boodansingh


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Car surfing

Car surfing involves riding on the outside of a moving vehicle being driven by another person. It has resulted in numerous deaths, predominantly causing severe head injuries.

The Quebec Provincial Automobile Insurance Company defines car surfing as follows:
 * Riding on a moving vehicle (on the roof, at the rear, on the side, etc.);
 * Riding in the box or cargo space of a truck or pick-up truck;
 * Holding onto or being pulled by a moving vehicle;
 * Riding in a sofa, on a skateboard, a sled or any other object hitched or tied to a moving vehicle.

History
Car surfing, a term introduced in the mid-1980s, involves riding on the outside of a moving vehicle being driven by another person. It has been popularized by the hyphy movement seen in the fad of ghost-riding, except the vehicle remains under the nominal control of another person.

Risks
A 2008 study by the United States Centers for Disease Control identified 58 newspaper reports of car-surfing deaths and 41 reports of nonfatal injury from 1990 through summer 2008. Most reports of injury were found in U.S. Midwest and Southern newspapers (75%), largely involving males (70%) and youths aged 15–19 (69%). A majority (58%) of reported car surfing incidents ended in death.

title: Car surfing


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Panic (The Smiths song)

"Panic" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, released in 1986 and written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. The first recording to feature new member Craig Gannon, "Panic" bemoans the state of contemporary pop music, exhorting listeners to "burn down the disco" and "hang the DJ" in retaliation. The song was released by Rough Trade as a single and reached No. 7 on the Irish Singles Chart and No. 11 in the UK Chart. Morrissey considered the song's appearance on daytime British radio a "tiny revolution" in its own way, as it aired amongst the very music it criticised.

Morrissey later gave a controversial interview for Melody Maker about the song's subject matter, which spurred allegations of latent racism in the lyrics and allusions to the Disco Sucks campaign of the 1970s, which some commentators at the time accused of being motivated by racism. This was strongly denied by the Smiths, who also claimed that the interview had grossly misquoted Morrissey. The affair led to debate about the song's meaning, including more recent speculation that it is in fact about Jimmy Savile and his then-veiled sexual abuse.

It was later included in the compilation albums The World Won't Listen and Louder Than Bombs (both 1987).

Background and recording
"Panic" was recorded at London's Livingston Studios in May 1986. It was the group's first recording sessions since they completed work on their third album The Queen Is Dead six months earlier. During the interim period, bassist Andy Rourke had been fired due to his heroin addiction, which had interfered with his playing. The band hired Craig Gannon to replace him, but after they rehired Rourke, guitarist Johnny Marr offered Gannon a position as second guitarist.

The then five-piece band worked with producer John Porter; this was his first work with the group in two years. He was concerned that the song was too short, so he copied the band's first take from 5 May and spliced a repetition of the first verse at the end to increase its length. The group was unimpressed and opted to leave the song as they originally structured it.

Composition and lyrics
A story circulated as the basis for the song holds that Marr and Morrissey were listening to BBC Radio 1 when a news report announced the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Straight afterwards, BBC disc jockey Steve Wright played the song "I'm Your Man" by pop duo Wham! "I remember actually saying, 'What the fuck has this got to do with people's lives?'" Marr recalled. "We hear about Chernobyl, then, seconds later, we're expected to jump around to 'I'm Your Man'". While Marr subsequently stated that the account was exaggerated, he commented that it was a likely influence on Morrissey's lyrics. The band later commissioned a T-shirt featuring Wright's portrait and the phrase "Hang the DJ!"

"The anecdote might well be true," writes Tony Fletcher in A Light That Never Goes Out, his biography of the Smiths, but he states that "I'm Your Man" had been off the UK pop charts for several months by the time of the Chernobyl disaster and that "Morrissey hardly needed further provocation to attack Wright, whose highly ranked afternoon show treated all popular music as secondary to his madcap party format". (The antagonism was apparently mutual; former Smiths manager Scott Piering says that at a 1985 meeting, Wright and his producer both made clear that they disliked the band's music.) Moreover, the song itself makes no mention of the radio.

The song begins with Morrissey mentioning chaos unravelling throughout Britain and Ireland (specifically mentioning London, Birmingham, Leeds, Grasmere, Carlisle, Dublin, Dundee, and Humberside). In the second part of the song, he reveals that the source of this chaos is pop music, which "says nothing to [him] about [his] life". In reaction, he implores listeners to "burn down the disco" and "hang the DJ", the latter lyrics repeated with the addition of a chorus of schoolchildren. Journalist Nick Kent described "Panic" as a mandate for "rock terrorism". John Luerssen calls it a "commentary on the tepid state of pop music in 1986" and a "chiming guitar song," based around a rotation between the G major and E minor chords. Simon Goddard has said it mimics "Metal Guru" by the glam rock band T. Rex. Luerssen calls the song Marr's homage to the T. Rex song.

Release and reception
The song "extended The Smiths' unorthodox tradition of releasing a non-album A-side" as a single. It reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and stayed on the chart for eight weeks. The single also stayed on the Irish Singles Chart for five weeks, reaching a peak of number 7, and reached number 32 on the Dutch Top 40. "Panic" was voted Single of the Year by the annual NME readers poll, and also ("somewhat incongruously", noted Goddard) ranked sixth in the Best Dance Record category.

Racism allegations
"Panic" drew negative reaction from some critics who construed Morrissey's lyrics to have a racist connotation. Paolo Hewitt in the NME wrote, "If Morrissey wants to have a go at Radio 1 and Steve Wright, then fine [but] when he starts using words like disco and DJ, with all the attendant imagery that brings up for what is a predominantly white audience, he is being imprecise and offensive". Fletcher says that the lack of any explicit indication the song was about radio meant "Panic" "could be construed as reviving the racist and homophobic 'Disco Sucks' campaign of late 1970s America". Scritti Politti's Green Gartside accused the song and the band of racism.

Morrissey denied the accusation, and in a September 1986 Melody Maker interview with Frank Owen decried Owen's suggestion that he was leading a "black pop conspiracy". Additional criticism was sparked by the same interview, wherein Morrissey was quoted naming reggae as "the most racist music in the entire world". Marr, in particular, was incensed by the article and in a 1987 NME interview threatened to "kick the living shit" out of the writer if he met him, such was his anger at the article's slant. He also countered that "disco music" could not be simply equated with "black music", saying, "To those who took offence at the 'burn down the disco' line [...] I'd say please show me the black members of New Order!"

Fletcher suggests the song was not as much about race or sexuality as it was about the culture of British popular music. "For British Smiths fans," he writes, "... the 'disco' of 'Panic' was generally presumed to mean the longstanding city-centre meet market, which suggested exclusivity by demanding patrons wear a tie, or at least to 'dress smart,' but where drinks were overpriced, fights routine, and both the disc jockeys and the commercial Top 40 music that they played was almost embarrassingly disconnected from the neighbouring streets. Then again, when the Smiths performed 'Panic' to nearly 15,000 white American college kids, outdoors in the suburbs of Massachusetts, such reference points, vaguely stated in the first place, were easy to misconstrue."

Track listing
All songs written by Morrissey and Johnny Marr except where noted.

 * 7" vinyl record
 * 1) "Panic" – 2:20
 * 2) "Vicar in a Tutu" – 2:21

 * 12" vinyl record and CD
 * 1) "Panic" – 2:20
 * 2) "Vicar in a Tutu" – 2:21
 * 3) "The Draize Train" (Marr) – 5:10

Artwork and matrix message
An image of a young Richard Bradford, known for his lead role as private eye McGill in the 1960s British TV adventure series Man in a Suitcase, features on the sleeve cover.

Etching in the runout on the British 7" single reads "I DREAMT ABOUT STEW LAST NIGHT", a pun on a lyric from "Reel Around the Fountain" ("I dreamt about you last night"), while the 12" version did not have a matrix message. The German 12" runout reads reads "HANG THEM HIGH MONIKA/HANG THEM HIGH MONIKA".

Personnel
The Smiths
 * Morrissey – vocals
 * Johnny Marr – guitar
 * Mike Joyce – drums; percussion
 * Andy Rourke – bass guitar
 * Craig Gannon – rhythm guitar

Cover versions
Panic was covered by Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine and included as a B-side to their single, "The Only Living Boy in New Cross". It was later included on their 1993 compilation album, This is the Sound of an Electric Guitar.

Appearances in media
"Panic" appears in the 2004 film Shaun of the Dead and in "Hang the DJ", a 2017 episode of the television series Black Mirror. The latter episode takes its title from the chorus of the song. The song also appeared in the 1986 Italian horror sequel Demons 2.

The title of an episode of The Simpsons, "Panic on the Streets of Springfield" – which features parodies of Morrissey and The Smiths – is based on the lyrics of "Panic".

In 2007, NME placed "Panic" at number 21 in its list of the 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever.

In 2017, Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone placed the song number six in his ranking of 73 songs by the Smiths.

At Glastonbury 2017, a Smiths tribute band led the audience in a protest against Theresa May by changing the lyrics "hang the DJ" to "hang Theresa".

title: Panic (The Smiths song)


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Love Profusion

"Love Profusion" is a song by American singer and songwriter Madonna for her ninth studio album, American Life (2003). Written and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, it was released as the fourth and final single from the album on December 8, 2003, by Maverick Records. "Love Profusion" was first premiered during the release of the album on AOL. It later received a number of remixes, which were also released alongside the single. The song contains rhythm from a four piece bass drum, with acoustic guitar riffs and Madonna's voice backed by a male vocal during the chorus. Ahmadzaï used the stutter edit to create a new groove. Dedicated to Madonna's then-husband, Guy Ritchie, the song's lyrics deal with Madonna's confusion regarding American culture.

After its release, "Love Profusion" received generally favorable reviews from music critics. Reviewers called it the highlight of American Life, complimenting its fusion of dance beats and acoustic guitar, although some thought that it was too similar to other songs from the album. "Love Profusion" failed to chart in the US Billboard Hot 100 like its predecessors from American Life, but it reached number one on the singles sales chart and the dance chart. Internationally, the single reached number one in Spain as well as the top five in Canada and Italy.

The accompanying music video of the song was directed by Luc Besson and was shot at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. It featured Madonna in front of a greenscreen effect with her walking through a city, until walking into a surreal background, filled with red flowers, sea and fairies. "Love Profusion" also appeared on Estée Lauder "Beyond Paradise" fragrance television commercial, which was similar to the music video and was directed by Besson, but featured supermodel Carolyn Murphy. The advertisement debuted in more than 10,000 cinemas across the country. Madonna did not perform the song during any promotional appearances or on any of her tours; she rehearsed it for 2004's Re-Invention World Tour but it was dropped from the setlist.

Background and remixes
According to biographer Lucy O'Brien, nothingness is the main theme of American Life; it appears in the titles of songs like "Nobody Knows Me" and "Nothing Fails" and in the repetition of the word "no" in "Love Profusion". Madonna's negative tone in this song and throughout the album allowed her to be sarcastic about people's assumptions about her and to emphasize her knowledge of romantic love. The tracks from American Life were released to AOL for digital download. Since Madonna was the "Artist of the Month" at AOL website, "Love Profusion" was premiered there on April 14, 2003, as part of AOL's First Listen program. Several remixes of the song, done by DJs such as The Passengerz, Craig J., Blow-Up and Ralphi Rosario, were included on physical releases of the single around the world, released on December 8, 2003, in the United Kingdom and March 16, 2004, in the United States.

The remixes were premiered by Warner Bros. Records at the 2003 Winter Music Conference in Miami, where Peter Rauhofer, Rosario and Blow-Up played their remixes of "Love Profusion". Blow-Up also debuted their own version of "Good Boys" (2003) by Blondie, and remixes of Madonna's previous single, "Hollywood". An extended version of the "Love Profusion" remix, titled "Headcleanr Rock Mix", was also included on Madonna's remix album Remixed & Revisited (2003). Michael Paoletta of Billboard named the remix (along with the "Mount Sims Old School Mix" of "Nobody Knows Me") as the highlight of Remixed and Revisited, calling it "a new-wave-styled-rock tune", a "blast of fresh air" and an "essential listening experience". John Payne from LA Weekly compares the lyrics of the song ("Only you make me feel good") with the cautionary lyrics of "X-Static Process", in which the protagonist loses herself in her lover's ego. The "Headcleanr Rock Mix" was included on the setlist during the rehearsals of Madonna's 2004 Re-Invention World Tour, but it was ultimately not included in the show.

Recording and composition
"Love Profusion" was composed and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï. The song is dedicated to Madonna's then-husband, director Guy Ritchie. The recording sessions for American Life started in late 2001, but was put on hold as Madonna filmed Swept Away in Malta and starred in the West End play Up for Grabs. She returned to the Olympic Recording Studios in late 2002 and finished the sessions.

The mixing for the track was done by Mark "Spike" Stent at the Westlake Recording Studios at West Hollywood, California, and Tim Young did the mastering of the song at Metropolis Studios in London. Tom Hannen and Simon Changer served as assistant engineers during the recording. Ahmadzaï played the guitars and provided its backing vocals. According to the sheet music published at Sheetmusicplus.com, "Love Profusion" is written in common time with a moderately fast tempo of 120 beats per minute. According to a writer from The Arizona Republic, it is an electronica-meets-folk song and is composed in the key of B minor with Madonna's voice spanning from B3 to F♯5.

Ahmadzai used the technique of making the music freeze midrhythm throughout American Life, including "Love Profusion". One technique was the stutter edit, which Ahmadzaï clarified was not characteristic of his production and recording. "People get upset because they think it is not natural to skip and stutter the music. But I do it because it is natural. The stuttering can help you create a new groove", he said. The track starts with a "strummy" acoustic guitar introduction, as described by Michael Paoletta from Billboard, on the four-chord progression of Bm–F♯m–A–E sequence. The folk rock inspired song has elements of electronica and folk at its core. Its rhythm is produced by a four piece bass drum—which fades in and out abruptly—and atmospheric synth-strings, which are added later in the song.

Madonna sings in the first verse: "There are too many options/There is no consolation/I have lost my illusions/What I want is an explanation." According to Rolling Stone, although not explicitly stated, the lines confirm Madonna's belief that American culture will not "give her an explanation", so she had rejected American values, and along with them her own values. She repeats the line "I got you under my skin" while a male voice acts as the backing for the track. The song ends with Madonna singing the words "feel good" a capella. The lyrics of the song deals with questions, solutions, resurrections, confusions and other broad topics of a neo-philosophical nature. Edna Gundersen of USA Today compared its composition and Madonna's performance with a love letter. The Advocate called it "a plaintive love letter to her husband".

Critical reception
"Love Profusion" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Michael Paoletta from Billboard described the song as a "sparse number" and said that it was a "good fit" for the radio. Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly called it "lovely". Ian Youngs of BBC News commented that "Love Profusion" is one of the highlights from the album, with layers of dance beats and acoustic guitar that made it a more complete song. A writer for Daily Record described it as a "stunningly beautiful ballad" and considered it as one of the many highlights from American Life.

Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine called it "dull" and wrote that "it was reinvented into a vibrant piece of guitar-driven pop-rock by Ray Carroll." Ben Ratliff from Rolling Stone deduced that with lyrics like "I got you under my skin", Madonna conveyed the theme of gaining transcendence through detachment, "but finally American Life comes across as defeatist more than anything else". Dan Aquilante from New York Post was dismissive of the track, saying that although there was nothing wrong with the guitar-driven composition of the track, it was not different from the strings and orchestration of other tracks from American Life, like "Nothing Fails" or "Easy Ride". Robert Hilburn, while reviewing American Life for The Press of Atlantic City, listed the track as one of the songs that could "save" the album from being a "profound fail". Ross Raihala, writing for The Olympian listed the track as a standout on American Life, in contrast to the "dreary, directionless dance numbers and plodding ballads" on the album.

Caroline Bansal from musicOMH gave a mixed review for the song, feeling that the singer's vocals over the Spanish guitar was monotonous. She felt that the chorus was more melodic but it was the lyrics and the dance beats which did not complete the track. Bansal said that "Love Profusion" could have been composed better. Ed Howard from Stylus Magazine wrote that "Love Profusion", along with the song "Intervention", "address Madonna's marriage to director Guy Ritchie", and "find the once-cynical pop star surprisingly open and emotional, which prompts her to spit out cliché after cliché as she tells us how happy she is". Alan Braidwood from BBC Music felt that the song was the most straight forward dance track on the album. He added that "this is one of those [songs] which could become a favorite and it feels like a classic upbeat Madonna song. It fuses the message behind the song American Life with Mirwais' beats and acoustic elements really well". Sean O'Brien from The People complimented the song for its "great melody and acoustic guitar flavor to it", and deduced that it would be a hit in the night clubs. Dan Gennoe from Dotmusic website gave a positive review of the track, calling "Love Profusion", along with "Intervention" and "X-Static Process" from American Life, "gracious" and "beautiful" songs. In 2012, website AfterElton.com listed "Love Profusion" at number 91 on their list of "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs". Writing for The Guardian, Jude Rogers placed "Love Profusion" at number 58 on her ranking of Madonna's singles, in honor of her 60th birthday, writing that "the tune begins labouredly, but digs in". Chuck Arnold from Entertainment Weekly listed "Love Profusion" as the singer's 58th best single; "this ray of sunshine from American Life is one of Madonna’s finest folktronica moments".

Chart performance
"Love Profusion" did not chart on the US Billboard Hot 100 or the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, making it the third consecutive single from American Life to fail to chart in the US. However, the song peaked at number 41 and "The Passengers Mix" topped on the Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song reached No. 4 on the Hot Singles Sales and topped the Hot Dance Singles Sales charts for five weeks. At the year-end Hot Dance Singles Sales recap, "Love Profusion" was at number three position, while "Me Against the Music" was at number one and "Nothing Fails" was at number two. Billboard reported that Madonna was the first artist in its chart history to have the top three Dance Sales songs. The song also ranked at number 24 on the year-end Dance Club Play tally. In Canada, the song peaked at number three on the Canadian Singles Chart.

In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at its peak of number eleven on December 20, 2003, with sales of 15,361 copies, becoming Madonna's first song to miss the top ten since "One More Chance" (1996). The following week, it dropped to number 33 on the chart, ultimately remaining there for six weeks. "Love Profusion" reached a peak of number 33 on the UK Airplay Chart in five weeks, but quickly descended. As of August 2008, the song had sold 41,025 copies according to the Official Charts Company. In Australia, the song debuted at its peak of number 25 on December 28, 2003. It remained on the chart for another seven weeks. "Love Profusion" debuted at number 27 on the French Singles Chart on November 30, 2003. In its second week, it reached its peak of number 25. The song was popular in Italy, peaking at number five on the Italian Singles Chart, staying on the chart for a total of twenty weeks. The song also achieved commercial success in Spain, debuting at number one on its singles chart. On the Swiss Singles Chart, the song peaked at number 31, falling out of the chart after a total of eleven weeks.

Music video
A few weeks before the official music video's release in November 2003, Madonna's manager Caresse Henry confirmed video plans for "Love Profusion". It was directed by Luc Besson and shot in September 2003, at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California and EuropaCorp in Paris, France. Besson later directed Madonna in the 2007 animated film Arthur and the Invisibles. "There are a lot of special effects. I talked to things that weren't there – which is what you do when you're doing green-screen or blue-screen stuff. There's going to be a lot of fairies dancing around me. Isn't that exciting? I always have a lot of fairies dancing around me", Madonna commented about the music video. The video premiered in the US on February 11, 2004, on AOL's First View. After the premiere, it was streamed on Yahoo!, MSN, Windows Media, Apple, MTV, VH1, iFilm and Madonna.com. In 2009, the video was included on Madonna's compilation, Celebration: The Video Collection.

The video begins with Madonna walking at night in the middle of the street of an American city surrounded by skyscrapers and wind. Then she finds herself in another dimension, as moving flowers surround her. As the video advances, Madonna walks on other different kinds of roads. She walks on a path of red flowers in the sky, and then walks on her knees on a deep, blue colored sea, as she is followed by little white fairies. At the end of the video, when there is destruction in the real dimension, Madonna finds peace and is surrounded by the fairies. When they go away, Madonna disappears altogether.

Usage in media
"Love Profusion" was used on the Estée Lauder "Beyond Paradise" fragrance television advertisement. It was also directed by Luc Besson and shot the same day as the official music video. The Estée Lauder advertisement featured supermodel Carolyn Murphy wandering through a world full of water, and surrounded by flowers and fairies while "Love Profusion" played in the background. The 30 second commercial debuted in more than 10,000 cinemas in September, while the television version of the advertisement aired on MTV, VH1, E! and Style Network. Estée Lauder group president Patrick Bousquet-Chauvanne explained that they "wanted the advertising to be groundbreaking for Estée Lauder... The association of Luc Besson, Madonna and Carolyn Murphy will make for an exceptional visual and acoustic experience for movie and television audiences around the world." The Olympian's Ross Raihala wrote that it made sense that "Love Profusion" was used as the soundtrack for the commercial, and felt like it was another attempt by Madonna to "salvage her career" following the commercial disappointment of American Life.

Track listings and formats

 * Australian CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Album Version) – 3:38
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario House Vocal Mix) – 6:02
 * 3) "Nobody Knows Me" (Above & Beyond 12" Mix) – 8:46

 * French 2-track CD single
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Album Version) – 3:38
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Headcleanr Rock Mix) – 3:16

 * UK vinyl single
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Passengerz Club Mix) – 9:34
 * 2) "Nobody Knows Me" (Above & Beyond 12" Mix) – 8:46

 * UK & European CD maxi-single 1
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Album Version) – 3:38
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:48
 * 3) "Love Profusion" (Passengerz Club Mix) – 7:01

 * UK & European CD maxi-single 2
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Album Version) – 3:38
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario House Vocal Mix edit) – 6:02
 * 3) "Nobody Knows Me" (Above & Beyond 12" Mix) – 8:46

 * US & European CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (Blow-Up Mix) – 6:11
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Club Profusion) – 9:34
 * 3) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario House Vocal Extended) – 7:29
 * 4) "Love Profusion" (Craig J.'s "Good Vibe" Mix) – 7:14
 * 5) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Vox Extended) – 10:01
 * 6) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Dub) – 8:57
 * 7) "Nothing Fails" (Peter's Lost In Space Mix) – 8:36

 * US vinyl single
 * 1) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Club Profusion) – 9:34
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Blow-Up Mix) – 6:11
 * 3) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario House Vocal Extended) – 7:29
 * 4) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Dub) – 8:57
 * 5) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Dub Profusion) – 8:04
 * 6) "Love Profusion" (Craig J.'s "Good Vibe" Mix) – 7:14
 * 7) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Vox Extended) – 10:01

 * Digital single (2023)
 * 1) "Love Profusion" – 3:38
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Headcleanr Rock Mix) – 3:16
 * 3) "Love Profusion" (Blow-Up Mix) – 6:08
 * 4) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Club Profusion) – 9:32
 * 5) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario House Vocal Extended) – 7:29
 * 6) "Love Profusion" (Craig J.'s "Good Vibe" Mix) – 7:14
 * 7) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Vox Extended/Revised) – 9:59
 * 8) "Love Profusion" (Ralphi Rosario Big Room Dub) – 8:57
 * 9) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Dub Profusion) – 8:03
 * 10) "Nothing Fails" (Peter's Lost In Space Mix) – 8:36

Credits and personnel
Credits and personnel are adapted from American Life album liner notes.
 * Madonna – vocals, songwriter, producer
 * Mirwais Ahmadzaï – backing vocals, producer, programming, guitar
 * Mike "Spike" Stent – mixing
 * Tim Young – mastering
 * Tom Hannen – assistant engineer
 * Simon Changer – assistant engineer

title: Love Profusion


text:
Talk:Ian Williams (musician)

Untitled
Is he really notable? Oliver Keenan 21:16, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * His entry is notable enough to get vandalized on a semi-regular basis. But I have a feeling that you are aware of that.--Hawkbreeze (talk) 14:37, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Yes, from the Apple Store in Grand Rapids
Of course he's notable.

He's Notable
He's as notable as any other influential guitarists.

Rev'd Ian Williams
Why is the Rev'd Ian Williams any more notable than any of the thousands of other anglican vicars? If he's not notable, he shouldn't have the disambiguation red link. Oliver Keenan 15:08, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ian Williams (musician)


text:
Rachel Chagall

Rachel Chagall (born Rachel Levin) is an American actress, best known for roles as Gaby in the film Gaby: A True Story (1987), for which she was nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama and as Val Toriello on The Nanny (1993–1999).

Life and career
Rachel Levin was born in New York City, to a Jewish family.

In 1982, she contracted Guillain–Barré syndrome, recovering sufficiently to be cast in the starring role of Gaby, A True Story.

She is perhaps best known for her role as the dimwitted sidekick Val Toriello, on the 1990s television series The Nanny. She and her husband Greg Lenert, who was The Nanny's stage manager, had twins – a girl and a boy – on March 19, 1999.

She made guest appearances on Just Shoot Me! and Strong Medicine. She also played a mysterious woman in What I Like About You. As Rachel Levin, Chagall appeared in Gaby: A True Story (1987) in the title role as Gabriela Brimmer and White Palace (1990) in the role of Rachel. She also appeared in The Last Supper (1995). On December 6, 2004, Chagall appeared at the cast reunion for The Nanny, The Nanny Reunion: A Nosh to Remember.

title: Rachel Chagall


text:
User talk:Wikinative

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Feydey 21:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Wikinative


text: Category:Korea-related lists

title: Category:Korea-related lists


text:
Robert Ferguson (Manitoba politician)

Robert George Ferguson (June 2, 1866 – 1958) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1932, as a member of the Conservative Party.

Ferguson was born in the township of Kitley, in Leeds County, Canada West, the son of John Ferguson. He was educated at Smith's Falls, moved to Manitoba in 1882, and worked as a farmer. He was a member of the I.O.O.F.

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election, defeating Progressive candidate George Palmer and incumbent Liberal Archibald Esplen in the constituency of Dauphin. The Progressive Party won a majority government, and Ferguson served on the opposition benches of the legislature. He did not seek re-election in 1932.

title: Robert Ferguson (Manitoba politician)


text:
Talk:Fadak

Propaganda
Under the Abu Bakr's rea subsection, someone has added a response from a Shia blogsite. Highly unnecesarry, as it has already been stated in the same subsection that the shia disagree with the mentioned explanation. Altering the subsection was in this case about one thing: Propaganda. 194.239.178.165 17:54, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * "However, these hadiths were never heard before the incident of Fadak, and no one had ever heard them except Abu Bakr."

The above mentioned is a lie! If this were the case, it would not be narrated with a sound chain by the Shia infallible imams now would it? 194.239.178.165 17:59, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

I have also deleted the claim that Al Nasai deemed Fadak to be the personal property of the Prophet. The fact that he included such a narration in his Sunan is not an example of his own personal opinion, as it is a hadith collection, and he dit not deem all its content to be Sahih. 194.239.178.165 (talk) 18:48, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Yet more shia propaganda
The hadith from Bukhari quoted under the 'Umar's era subsection has already been dealt with in the article, and in fact, in no way does it support the claim that some property who was originally the property of Abbas and Ali was restored to them. Therefore, i have deleted it. It actually says: 'Umar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Allah's Apostle said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Allah's Apostle meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." 'Umar then turned to 'Ali and 'Abbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Allah's Apostle said so?" They replied, " He said so." I guess you did'nt even care to read it. Sa.valikian, in the future, you should participate on the talk pages instead of just writing something in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.239.178.165 (talk) 08:25, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

=what about it today=

I deleted some sections from the "Ali's Era" section. I deleted the hadith quoted from al-Shafi, since the citation did not pan out. Al-Shafi is a four-volume source available on-line, and if a proper citation from that book can be found it can be added back to the article. I also deleted the subsequent reference to taqiyya, and its definition and rejection by most Sunnis as being irrelevant. If the purported hadith from al-Shafi is found to be properly cited and a reference to taqiyya needs to be made a hyperlink to an article on taqiyya would be more appropriate than a tangential, and hence incomplete, reference in the current article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.135.96.197 (talk) 18:56, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Fatimah or Fatima
The article has both spellings intermingled. The Wikipedia article is at Fatimah. This is way outside my area of knowledge and there might be a reason for it, so I didn't want to make the corrections myself. If someone who has the background could fix it, the article would be better. Thank you. SchreiberBike (talk) 00:52, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

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= Primary sources = In the next few weeks, I'll hopefully revise the article to replace the primary and other unreliable sources with reliable secondary sources. Albertatiran (talk) 13:06, 6 November 2021 (UTC)

Differentiation between Sunni and Shia sources.
This article switches between the Sunni and Shia view almost haphazardly. 2001:1970:5163:1200:0:0:0:E6B (talk) 01:06, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fadak


text:
Benjamin Roden

Benjamin Lloyd Roden (January 5, 1902 – October 22, 1978) was an American religious leader and the prime organizer of the Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association.

Early life
Benjamin Roden was born on January 5, 1902, in Bearden, Oklahoma (in what was then the Indian Territory) to a family of Jewish origin. His parents, James Buchanan Roden and Hattie Roden, had five other children.

Little is known of Roden's early life but he grew up on a farm in Bearden and attended high school there before going to a teacher's college and then practicing as a teacher for a brief period. Thereafter, he spent some time working on oil fields, first in Oklahoma and later in Odessa, Texas.

Roden married Lois I. Scott on February 12, 1937. With Scott he had two daughters and four sons, including George Roden.

Early religious adherence
Details of Roden's early religious views are as sketchy as those of his secular life. However, an obituary says that he joined "the Christian Church" in the same year that he married, although his journey to that church and the extent to which it involved change is uncertain. Kenneth Newport, a professor of Christian Thought, notes that "like many other converted Jews ... he carried with him into Christianity a good deal of his Jewishness", giving as an example of this the importance that Roden later attached to the Jewish festivals of Purim and Passover.

By 1940, the Rodens were members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) in Kilgore, Texas. It is possible that the appeal of the SDA lay at least in part in its similarities to some aspects of Judaism, such as practising the sabbath on the seventh day and abiding by the dietary laws of the Old Testament, but in addition the couple had been given Bible Readings for the Home Circle as a wedding present by Lois's mother. That book was a publication of the SDA and it is probable, although not certain, that somewhere in Lois's family there was already an involvement with that church.

The Rodens later moved from the church at Kilgore to that at Odessa, where Ben became a head elder. Somewhere around this time, in the early- to mid-1940s, the couple became influenced by the Shepherd's Rod movement, which had splintered from the SDA, and probably visited its base at the Mount Carmel Center, near Waco, Texas, even if only briefly. They were disfellowshiped from their SDA church, which caused them offence because they had helped to finance the church building and felt that they therefore had a right to use it. Various accounts exist of a stand-off between Lois and the church, with her occupying it for several days and receiving supplies from Ben and their son, George.

Shepherd's Rod
Ben and Lois Roden continued their involvement with the Shepherd's Rod, although there is again a scarcity of reliable information. They visited Mt Carmel for several months in 1953 and were there again in 1955 at the time when Victor Houteff, the leader of The Rod, died. It seems that he sought to become Houteff's successor as leader but that role went to Florence, the widow of Victor.

Death
Roden died in October 1978, after which Lois led the sect until the emergence of David Koresh in the mid-1980s.

title: Benjamin Roden


text:
Talk:1st (African) Division

Untitled
I think List of senior officers of British 1st (African) Division, List of component units of British 1st (African) Division,  List of higher formations British 1st (African) Division served under should be merged in this article --Melaen 21:19, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1st (African) Division


text:
Gosoku-ryu

Gosoku-ryū (剛速流) is a style of karate which was founded by Takayuki Kubota. Gosoku stands for hard and fast, which suggests a combination of techniques both from the fast and dynamic Shōtōkan style as well as from the strength-focused Gōjū-ryū style.

Background
The International Karate Association (IKA) was formed in Tokyo, Japan in 1953 for the purpose of teaching and promoting the Gosoku style of karate. Gosoku-ryū, "the style of force with speed", incorporates the methods of Goju-ryū and Shotokan karate with aikido, jujitsu, and judo. It is applied so as to encompass any attacker from all angles.

In 1964, Kubota came to the United States. He was able to gather several talented young men to create the nucleus of the U.S. branch. Under Kubota's tutelage, the IKA has achieved wide recognition in the martial arts world. Members of the organization have won championship titles, including California state, U.S. national, and world championships. The IKA reaches worldwide with headquarters located in Glendale, California.

Belt system
Advancement through the ranks, as marked by belt color, is a process signifying progressively greater control and coordination of mind and body. The length of time involved is largely dependent upon the dedication of the individual student.

The progressive ranks of karate are reflected in the different colored belts. There are two major classifications: the ranks of black belt are called dans, while all those below the rank of black belt are kyus.

In Gosoku-ryū, there are ten kyu ratings, as follows: After achieving shodan, or first degree black belt ranking, a karateka may progress further though the dan ranks up to ju-dan, or tenth degree black belt. The ju-dan sometimes wears a red belt to distinguish him or herself. Instructors that are 4th dan are sometimes awarded the title of "Shihan-Dai" (deputy master). Instructors that are 5th dan or higher are sometimes awarded the title of "Shihan" (master instructor). Title is not always awarded by rank alone. One must be an active instructor and be awarded the rank by Kubota.

Major differences from other styles
Gosoku-ryū is similar to Shotokan karate. It differs from Shotokan in that it incorporates the linear power movements of Shotokan with the speed and soft circular motions of Gōjū-ryū. The meaning of Gosoku-Ryu is "Hard and fast". Emphasis is put on practical application and sparring. Stances are generally shorter when in defensive positions and transition to longer stances when power moves are delivered. During kicks, including kihon, hands are kept in guard (and not spread aside). Gosoku-ryū teaches quick leg sweeps and take-downs; in kumite, attacks often end on the floor. Fast footwork which adds speed and power by utilizing the rotation of the hip makes Gosoku-ryū different from other styles. Gosoku-ryū also incorporates aikido, judo, and jujitsu techniques, which are used in ground fighting and for control and restraint techniques that are taught to law enforcement.

Kobudo weapons
Many weapons are practiced in the dojo: Kubotan, Tonfa, Kama, Jō, Bokuto, Bokken, Shinai, Tsue (walking cane), and the Katana (Japanese sword). Kubota trained with Taira Shinken learning ancient Kobudo katas while developing his own for his school. The Kobudo kata created by him include:

 * Tonfa: Washi no kata, Juji no uke.
 * Jō: Keibo jitsu, Ken shin ryū.
 * Tsue (walking cane): Tsue ichi no kata, ni no kata, san no kata, yon no kata, go no kata, roku no kata, Mawashi no kata.
 * Katana (created by Kubota): Sankaku giri, Atemi no kata, Kubo giri, Gyaku giri, Iaido ichi no kata, ni no kata, san no kata, Toshin.
 * Bokken: Ken no Michi, Ken no Mai

Prominent students

 * Kyoshi Hank Hamilton 7th dan
 * James Caan 6th Dan
 * Hanshi Temoanarupe Inuhaere 9th Dan
 * Kyoshi Natasha Inuhaere 8th Dan
 * Hanshi Mike Ireland 9th Dan
 * Kancho Takemasa Okuyama 10th Dan
 * Kyoshi Peter (ryukasu) Lucas 8th Dan
 * Orlando Castro 7th dan

title: Gosoku-ryu


text: User talk:69.222.136.178

title: User talk:69.222.136.178


text:
Talk:Benjamin Roden

Untitled
Less like a tract, more like an article, please. Fire Star 21:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

WS:COTW
This is a note to inform all interested watchers of this article that Wikisource has chosen the Branch Davidians and Waco Siege as their Collaboration of the Week.

This means that we are spending this week collecting, copying and formatting Public Domain documents related to the church and its 1993 siege. This includes speeches by David Koresh, Federal documents in the aftermath of the siege, the charges against Lon Horiuchi and the surviving church members, and early church documents whose copyright have expired.

We would encourage you all to come help us, if you have any questions, feel free to leave a question on my talk page - either on Wikisource or Wikipedia!

I hope to see some of you there, helping us document the primary sources for future research and historical analysis!

Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 21:17, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Mega-HUH!!?
I don't comprehend the contents of the article. It is very confused and incoherent. F.ex.: Why not Fred and Wilma? "Ben and Lois" doesn't reconnect to the earlier text good enough - providing a red line - the text "In 1937, Ben and Lois" should be: (that's an easy one, but) then: Now the real questions that foremost the introduction should answer are: Rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 06:57, 10 August 2010 (UTC)
 * In 1937, Ben and Lois joined the Christian Church, and were active and faithful
 * In 1937, Benjamin Boden and his wife Lois
 * the Christian Church, what "Christian Church"? There's not just one, there are 3-4 kinds of orthodoxes, many kinds of catholics, and myriads of protestants.
 * 1) did Boyden cause or partake in the Branch Davidian schism, or was he just a reorganizer of the already split-off branch?
 * 2) why did the schism/branch occur? Was it for new revelations that weren't accepted by the other 7DA:s, or was it for other issues?
 * 3) what was the "Rod" stuff about? Was it his own revelation or was it a revelation on a theme that others partook in before?

title: Talk:Benjamin Roden


text:
Torild Skogsholm

Torhild Skogsholm (born 18 October 1959, in Bodø) is a Norwegian politician (Liberal Party). She was Minister of Transport and Communications from 2001 to 2005. She is now the director of the Oslo tram company Oslo Sporvognsdrift.

Skogsholm graduated in economics (Cand.Oecon.) at the University of Oslo, 1988.

title: Torild Skogsholm


text:
Cuscohygrine

Cuscohygrine is a bis N-methyl pyrrolidine alkaloid found in coca plants. It can also be extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae, including Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) and various Datura species. Cuscohygrine usually occurs along with other, more potent alkaloids such as atropine or cocaine.

Cuscohygrine, along with the related metabolite hygrine, was first isolated by Carl Liebermann in 1889 as an alkaloid accompanying cocaine in coca leaves (also known as Cusco-leaves).

Cuscohygrine is an oil that can be distilled without decomposition only in vacuum. It is soluble in water. It also forms a crystalline trihydrate which melts at 40–41 °C.

Biosynthesis
Ornithine is methylated to N-methylornithine and when decarboxylated, becomes N-methylputrescine. 4-methylaminobutanal is yielded from the oxidation of the primary amino-group. 4-methylaminobutanal then cyclizes to an N-methyl-l-pyrrolinium salt. The condensation of the pyrrolinium salt with acetoacetyl coenzyme A yields hygrine. Finally, the condensation of the hygrine molecule with another molecule of pyrrolidinium salt yields cuscohygrine.

title: Cuscohygrine


text:
Plamondon, Alberta

Plamondon is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within Lac La Biche County. It is located on Highway 858, approximately 3.0 km north of Highway 55, and has an elevation of 555 m.

The hamlet is located in Census Division No. 12 and in the federal riding of Fort McMurray—Cold Lake.

History
The community was founded by Joseph Plamondon in 1908 and settled by primarily French-American and French Canadian pioneers. Most of the families that eventually settled there came from Provemont, Michigan (now Lake Leelanau in Leelanau County, Michigan) and from French-speaking areas of Ontario. This is mentioned in a 1991 interview with Cecelia Bussey.

North of Plamondon is Rossian. Rossian is a community of Old Believers (Old Ritualists), a Traditionalist Russian Orthodox sect whose ancestors broke from the Church after Patriarch Nikon's reforms. The Great Schism of 1666, or Raskol, resulted over reforms in church ritual and translation intended to better align the practices of the Russian Church with Greek Orthodox practices. The Old Believers that live outside Plamondon are bezpopovtsy, or Priestless Old Believers, who believe that apostolic succession ended with Nikon's apostasy and therefore have no clergy and refuse the Eucharist. Most of these families moved to the area in the mid 1970s from Woodburn, Oregon, which is also home to a large Old Believer community. Many also came from Xinjiang, China, by way of New Zealand, where they fled after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the Chinese Revolution of 1949.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Plamondon had a population of 303 living in 120 of its 132 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 416. With a land area of 9.65 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Plamondon had a population of 348 living in 136 of its 172 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 345. With a land area of 1.96 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Lac La Biche County's 2016 municipal census counted a population of 348 in Plamondon, a NaN% change from the hamlet's 2013 municipal census population of 344.

Plamondon is also home for a sizable community of Russian Orthodox Old Believers.

Economy
The main industries in the region are logging and farming.

Amenities
The community has two schools, Ecole Beausejour and Ecole Plamondon School, which draw students from the entire region. École Plamondon School, offers English, French immersion, and Russian classes. École Beausejour is a francophone school, with instruction surrounding with the francophone culture.

There are two hotels, two banks, post office, indoor hockey arena with artificial ice, a museum, and a rather large church.

The hamlet also holds an annual French hockey tournament called Hockey en Fête. Frontenacs of University of Alberta have won twice. A Canadian Mud Racing Organization (CMRO) event is also held annually at the Plamondon Mud Bog.

Notable people

 * Colin Piquette, former member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Athabasca-Sturgeon-Redwater
 * Clara Plamondon, Anglican bishop
 * Crystal Plamondon, performing artist

title: Plamondon, Alberta


text: Category:British royalty stubs

title: Category:British royalty stubs


text:
User:KevinGillan

I am an academic based at the University of Manchester School of Social Sciences. You can find out about my research on social movements here.

Edits
Here's a list of articles I've edited. As you can see, I'm a newbie sporadic:
 * Social Movement Studies
 * Direct action
 * Voltairine de Cleyre
 * Atomic Weapons Establishment

title: User:KevinGillan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ninjas in Pyjamas

This VfD doesn't seem ever to have been properly completed, I'm afraid — that is, I can't find any sign of its having been posted on Votes for deletion. I've now added it to today's page, and the VfD will have to run its course from now. (VfDs are being cleared rapidly; if you know of another that's not been closed and should been, check to see if it was properly formed.) --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 16:52, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Splash 01:44, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've just realized I voted in this and should not have closed it. The decision is clear however, and I've already done the legwork on the article and its talk page, so I'm not going to revert myself. If someone else wants to re-do or challenge the closure, feel free. -Splash 01:46, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Ninjas in Pyjamas
Delete This page refers to a group of videogamers who have an online association. While its content may be of interest to some members of the gaming community, it really has no place in an encyclopaedia and simply serves as advertisements for the video game manufacturers. This is equivalent to adding an entry for my Tuesday evening bowling league team. I say delete due to its non-notability. Nrets 21:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep They are paid, professional team. No, I have never met any of them, nor do I watch them play, but if you look at the history of professional gaming, they are at the top and have been for several years. --Habap 21:42, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment There are a lot of paid teams in obscure leagues. This doesn't argue for their notability. Nrets 19:57, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How about the fact that they won $170 000 one year? Keep.DS 17:51, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep As Schroet Kommando They were the de facto undisputed world champions (2003 - probably the year DS is referring to) and are probably the most consistently successful Counter-Strike team in the major international tournaments (see the CPL article and see how many times they appear under the names NiP or Schroet Kommando. I do agree most gaming teams do not belong on wikipedia, even most "professional" ones due to their tendency to be short-lived but this is one of the few notable ones in my opinion. The articles do need cleaned up though. --FlooK 06:26, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep They are not only a paid team, but they are one of the best teams in their business. They have contracts, salaries, and should be taken very seriously. In comparison, they would be more like the New York Yankees, not a Tuesday evening bowling league. --andersoft 04:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * user's only edit, thus far.
 * Keep They're apparently very well-known in the gaming community and have won major international tournaments. See also the vfd for one of their members (Votes for deletion/Emil Christensen), the result was to keep the article. SpuriousQ 06:41, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete gaming clan/group. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 17:56, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep Counter-Strike is the most popular competitive computer game outside of east Asia and the members of this team are some of the most successful and well-paid professionals in international competition. The comparison to the Yankees is sound. --malathion talk 20:01, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, it seems. Although I struggle to verify the monetary claim. -Splash 00:53, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please but if the monetary thing cant be verified it should be taken out Yuckfoo 18:24, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * rewrite - Tried to make it more a little more accessible to those unfamiliar with the subject, added more background information and removed the section on player movements since detail on every player is probably extraneous. comment: Regarding prize money money: In 2003 NiP (as SK Sweden) won more The WCG worth $40,000, placed third at the E-Sports World Cup worth $15,000 and every CPL event that year adding €5,000 in Cannes and another €5,000 at Copenhagen, $60,000 at the summer championships, $30,000 at the winter championships. Making for a total of $130,000 and another €10,000. Given that they also won a number of other events that year. $170,000 is probably fairly accurate. --FlooK 20:45, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep per the reasons above. I've heard of this group for a long time now. --Dan Granahan 15:15, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Serbia-related lists

title: Category:Serbia-related lists


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sarita vihar/1

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep (inconclusive). Dmcdevit·t 06:13, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Sarita vihar
I'm not voting on this one, merely nominating for a consensus. Seems to be an obscure block of flts in Delhi, google produces lots of results, seems there's a hospital with the same name. Oliver Keenan 21:25, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * If this deserves an article, this isn't it. Leaning toward delete, but if someone from India cares to tackle the subject, I'd vote keep. - Lucky 6.9 21:45, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If this is not a hoax (and it doesn't look like it offhand), Keep. Blox of flats can be noteworthy (Le Corbusier stuff for example), and when it comes to countering Western systemic bias I'd rather err on the inclusionist side. Bill 21:49, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Just registering my interest in this one...it gets plenty of Google hits even when combined with "New Delhi", but I can't really work out much from them about this building. -Splash 01:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 03:51, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Eata of Hexham

Eata (died 26 October 686), also known as Eata of Lindisfarne, was Bishop of Hexham from 678 until 681, and of then Bishop of Lindisfarne from before 681 until 685. He then was translated back to Hexham where he served until his death in 685 or 686. He was the first native of Northumbria to occupy the bishopric of Lindisfarne.

Life
Eata was originally taken to Lindisfarne as a boy under Aidan and trained as a monk. He was chosen as one of the 12 monks selected from Lindisfarne to found the new daughter monastery at Melrose. In 651 he was elected abbot of Melrose. Around 658 he left Melrose and founded a new monastery at Ripon in Yorkshire, taking with him the young St Cuthbert, who was his guest-master. In 661 King Alchfrith of Deira expelled Eata from Ripon, replacing him with Wilfrid as the new abbot. Eata returned to Melrose.

The historian Bede described Eata as a gentle and greatly revered man. As an administrator Eata applied his skills at the time of plague, civil disorders and major ecclesiastical change.

In 663 Alhfrith and Wilfrid persuaded King Oswiu to hold the Synod of Whitby to decide whether the local Church, English and Irish, would come into line with the traditions of the universal Church and would practice the Roman [aka Western] Rite of that Church, or would continue to diverge from it where it clashed with Irish traditions as practised in Northumbria. Thus it would decide whether Roman traditions, would take priority in Northumbria over matters such as the clerical tonsure and the date of Easter; the synod decided to accept the arguments of Wilfrid and the king for the universal Church traditions using the Roman Rite, to which Eata, unlike Colmán of Lindisfarne, acquiesced.

Before Whitby, the abbot of Lindisfarne was also the Bishop of Lindisfarne, after Whitby these two roles were divided. The old abbot, Colman, left Lindisfarne to go back to Iona with 30 English monks. Tuda was selected as the next Bishop of Lindisfarne and Eata moved from Melrose to become abbot of Lindisfarne. He appointed Cuthbert as prior at Lindisfarne.

In 678, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Theodore split the diocese of Northumbria into two new bishoprics. Eata became bishop of Bernicia. Bernicia had two episcopal sees, one at Hexham and the other at Lindisfarne. Eata was the bishop of the whole of Bernicia for three years, after which the see of Hexham was assigned to Trumbert, and Lindisfarne to Eata. After the death of Trumbert in 684, Cuthbert was elected Bishop of Hexham, but was reluctant to leave his hermitage on Inner Farne. Following his consecration at York on Easter 685, Cuthbert went to see Eata, who was at Melrose. Eata and Cuthbert exchanged sees shortly thereafter, and for the last year of his life Eata occupied Hexham. Eata died of dysentery at Hexham in 686, and was buried in the Benedictine Abbey of Hexham.

Like most of the early saints of the English Church, St. Eata was canonized by general repute of sanctity among the faithful in the regions which he helped to Christianize.

Legacy
Eata is remembered in St. Eats' Chapel and St. Eata's Well, both in Alvie, on the south shore of Loch Alvie, in Scotland.

The only church dedicated to him in England is St Eata's Church at Atcham in Shropshire, where he is depicted in one of the stained glass windows.

title: Eata of Hexham


text:
Poverty Ridge

Poverty Ridge is a ridge in unincorporated Santa Clara County, California, east of Milpitas. Calaveras Valley lies to its west, while its east side slopes down to meet Arroyo Hondo. Creeks that originate on Poverty Ridge include Calaveras and Penitencia Creeks.

title: Poverty Ridge


text: Category:Montenegro-related lists

title: Category:Montenegro-related lists


text:
Go/no-go

A go/no-go test is a two-step verification process that uses two boundary conditions, or a binary classification. The test is passed only when the go condition has been met and also the no-go condition has been failed.

The test gives no information as to the degree of conformance to, or deviation from the boundary conditions. These tests can be used for statistical process control purposes. There are specific SPC tools that use parameter based measurements (e.g., P-charts) for determining the stability of a process.

Engineering
In engineering the test is traditionally used only to check noncritical parameters where the manufacturing process is believed to be stable and well controlled, and the tolerances are wide compared to the distribution of the parameter.

For example, the preceding launch status checks before a Space Shuttle liftoff had the flight controller perform a go/no-go check on each of the vehicle's critical systems.

Psychology
In psychology, go/no-go test, developed by neuropsychologist Alexander Luria in 1940-50s is used to measure a participant's capacity for switching between several types of behavioural response ("plasticity") and control of adequacy of response (impulse control and sustained attention). Since the work of Alexander Luria in neuropsychology, such response is linked to the cortical frontal lobes.

For example, a go/no-go test that requires a participant to perform an action given certain stimuli (e.g., press a button) and also inhibit that action under a different set of stimuli (e.g., not press that same button).

Military
In the United States Army, drills and proficiency evaluation rubrics are based on a go/no-go (pass/fail) system. Evaluations involving numerical scores (such as the physical fitness test) convert raw scores to go/no-go based on cutoffs defined by the particular performance standard for that area. Within a given skills unit, the rubric often specifies go/no-go scoring for each individual item or concept a soldier is expected to be trained and evaluated on. Usually, a soldier must score "go" (i.e. perform satisfactorily) on all sections of an evaluation in order to advance to the next phase of training, pass the course, or attain the particular qualification.

Go/no-go gauges
Go/no-go gauges are encountered in all types of manufacturing. They may measure a physical dimension, e.g. (50 ±0.01mm), or a value such as the value of a resistor (100Ω (ohms) ±1%). A typical example is a plug gauge.

title: Go/no-go


text:
Talk:Beryllium oxide

This is probably the only metal oxide that is covalent.
 * Far from it, covalent and ionic are just two extremes, metal oxides cover the whole range in between. See for example manganese heptoxide, Mn2O7. Physchim62 10:33, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of BeO at 0°C is typically around 330 W·m−1·K−1, which is comparable to that of pure copper. Anyone know how to add this to the chembox table? DFH 20:53, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

But it is an electrical resistor, unusual. 12.10.127.58 21:11, 22 December 2006 (UTC) What is unusual? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.9.23.139 (talk) 14:40, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Merge involving American Beryllia
The article American Beryllia Inc. has been created recently (Nov 2007) and is currently nominated for deletion via the PROD-path. The claim in this article is that it is one of two manufacturers of beryllium oxide remaining in the United States. I have nominated the article by way of mergeto/mergefrom templates for merger into this article as a company which produces beryllium oxide and which has no mention of other products in the current stub article. Input from someone familiar with the manufacturing status of this material in the United States and/or outside the United States would be appreciated. --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 01:03, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Problematic use of SystematicName for Beryllium oxide
The main discussion on this issue is held at WikiProject Chemicals. Please report your reactions and comments there. Shinkolobwe (talk) 17:44, 25 December 2010 (UTC)

See hereafter, an excerpt from the chembox of beryllium oxide:

| ImageName = Unit cell ball and stick model of beryllium oxide

 * IUPACName = Beryllium oxide

 * SystematicName = Beryllio-λ1-oxidanyl (substitutive)

Oxidoberyllium (additive)

Question: Is it meaningful to present the substitutive name as systematic name for beryllium oxide in Wikipedia ? The composition name and the additive systematic names are both simple and very clear. However, the substitutive name does not seem to make sense to describe a solid compound made of a hexagonal network of beryllium cations and oxide anions. Such a complex name would be appropriate to describe the structure of a single molecule (i.e., an isolated moiety), should this one exist, but not for describing the unit cell repeated in a crystalline network. It seems that here the nomenclature logic is once again pushed behind its reasonable limits by User:Plasmic Physics. I have not verified myself with the IUPAC Redbook (IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005) if the substitutive naming is correct or not.

The immediate consequence of systematically extending the use of such useless names (if not incorrect at all) to all inorganic compounds in Wikipedia is to puzzle even more the reader than to help him. Nearly nobody will use this intricate nomenclature and the risk to mislead the audience is not negligible.

It is worth to question us before accepting to altering/polluting thousands of chemboxes with such low-value information. Again here, common sense and self-critic mind are necessary: what is the the aim and the added value of such overspecialized edits. My opinion is that when writing often less is more. Thank you for your opinions and comments. Best regards, Shinkolobwe (talk) 17:33, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
 * One thing is sure: the artificial BeO should not be called bromellite. It is structurally identical, but it is not genetically identical (mineral names should be used for minerals = naturally formed substances).Eudialytos (talk) 22:30, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

Diradical
As a general rule main group element compounds are in the singlet state in the vapour phase. I cannot find a reference to back up the assertion that this is a diradical, if no one can reference it this statement should be removed because it is quite possibly wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.125.53.160 (talk) 22:51, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Corrected. Plasmic Physics (talk) 11:58, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Photographs
A photograph is required suitable for the chembox as per the description. It is a good idea to add another picture to the article space showing the white amorphous solid or powder. Here is an example: crystalgrowing.com. Plasmic Physics (talk) 11:58, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Bonding in BeO
Probably easier and more rigorous to describe bonding in diatomics using MO theory vs hybridrization approach. Organic chemists, who are generally untrained in Group Theory, rely on hybridization because it predicts shapes (but not spectroscopy). Most modern textbooks on inorganic and theoretical chemistry have abandoned that approach and rely on MO theory. Much blood has been spilled over the difference, but since Pauling's death (he was the advocate for hybridization), MO has taken hold.--Smokefoot (talk) 14:10, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

 * It's still taught at universities. I find that it helps to predict MO theory. Plasmic Physics (talk) 21:12, 8 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Whatever, good luck mastering it.--Smokefoot (talk) 14:40, 9 November 2011 (UTC)

Color of minerals
Let me get this straight: Editors are now going to comment on the appearance of mineral specimens when the colors do not agree with their notions of what pure compositions look like? That practice might be a bad idea, as well as a form of original research. --Smokefoot (talk) 14:40, 9 November 2011 (UTC)
 * There are two issues regarding the colour of minerals: the original colour (in this case: almost exclusively colourless and I haven't ever seen a coloured bromellite) and the colour of its powdered form (this is very often different, if we may call the lack-of-colour different from white).Eudialytos (talk) 22:30, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

Very high similarity to diamond
This isoelectronic with carbon and boron nitride compound is really similar to diamond.

Similarities are: 1. very high hardness 2. very high melting point and boiling point 3. very high density compared to atomic masses of elements 4. very wide band gap (10.6 eV BeO, 5.5 eV diamond) 5. really high thermal conductivity 6. colorlessness 7. similar average electronegativity (BeO - 1,57 + 3,44/ 2 = 2,505, diamond 2,55)

Is there any colective name for materials similar to diamond?

95.49.94.63 (talk) 16:00, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

Transistors
Due to its high thermal conductivity it's used as a heat-transfer compound in powdered form. I used to open TO-5 (metal-can) transistors, only to find they were full of this white powder which I assume was BeO. 108.213.76.24 (talk) 21:11, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090828053542/http://americanberyllia.com:80/tech_info1.html to http://www.americanberyllia.com/tech_info1.html
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Lithium Fluoride
According to the Lithium Fluoride article, BeO has the highest specific energy of formation (lithium fluoride is second). Should this be added into this article? Apricot2000 (talk) 18:08, 8 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beryllium oxide


text:
Talk:The Golden Child

Bogus Info?
This sentence was removed by me "This story was written based on the life of Kahlil Iqbal Jones, who was born as the original "Golden Child."" Based on a cursory search, this seems obviously untrue, or inaccurate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.249.68.76 (talk) 21:56, 18 August 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
How are the Special FX with the Pepsi can and the demon made? Appears to be claymation or similar (although quite well done, the Pepsi sequence might be silly, but it's my fav. part of the movie...) 惑乱 分からん 11:36, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd definitely say it was stop-motion animation. I believe Industrial Light & Magic did the effects, and they were well-versed in using SMA by that point. And yes, when I was little, the Pepsi can part was always one of my favorite scenes. Until that bastard Sardo stepped on it. Haha!! --Michael24 17:19, 12 April 2007

copyediting
I have revised most of the article, leaving the Plot section alone as I am not familiar with the film. --Soulparadox 14:42, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Recent expansion
I just reverted a very large and unexplained expansion of the article. If one is going to add that much content, it needs to be done slowly, and each step needs to be explained. To increase the size of the article by 1/3rd, with no edit summary, is, to me, inappropriate. To make matters worse, most of the expansion was sourced to IMDb, which is not, for the most part, a reliable source, especially not trivia pages. These edits should be discussed here before any reversion. --- The Old Jacobite The '45  00:08, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Golden Child


text:
Lillian Beckwith

Lillian Beckwith (25 April 1916 – 3 January 2004), real name Lillian Comber, was an English writer best known for her series of semi-autobiographical books set on the Isle of Skye.

Born Lilian Lloyd in Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, she married Edward Comber in 1937, and in 1942 she moved with him to Elgol, Isle of Skye, under doctor's orders for a rest. Moving to the nearby and smaller Isle of Soay, she eventually bought and ran her own croft. Her life on the island provided the basis for seven books published between 1959 and 1978, although allegedly, some of her neighbours later felt that the somewhat comical characters on Beckwith's fictional island of Bruach were too close to real persons, causing Beckwith to become something of a persona non grata in her former home. She moved to the Isle of Man in 1962 and died on 3 January 2004 aged 87.

Skye series
(The above titles were published collectively in A Hebridean Omnibus, 1987)
 * 1959 - The Hills is Lonely — Chapter 1, Review
 * 1961 - The Sea for Breakfast — Chapter 1
 * 1964 - The Loud Halo Chapter 1

(The above titles were published collectively in A Second Hebridean Omnibus, 1991)
 * 1968 - A Rope - In Case — Chapter 1
 * 1973 - Lightly Poached — Chapter 1
 * 1976 - Beautiful Just! — Chapter 1

All are also available as audiobooks narrated by Hannah Gordon.
 * 1978 - Bruach Blend — Chapter 1, Review

Beckwith also wrote a book entitled About my Father's Business (1971), about her childhood in her father's grocery shop.

Novels

 * 1967 - Green Hand
 * 1974 - The Spuddy (Illustrated by Victor Ambrus)
 * 1984 - A Shine of Rainbows — Chapter 1 (adapted into a film- A Shine of Rainbows).
 * 1986 - A Proper Woman
 * 1989 - The Small Party
 * 1992 - An Island Apart — Chapter 1, (audiobook narrated by Vivien Heilbron )
 * 2002 - A Breath of Autumn — Chapter 1

A collection of short stories :

 * 1988 Bay of Strangers — Title story

And a cookery book :

 * 1976 Hebridean Cook Book

title: Lillian Beckwith


text:
Category:Italian literary critics

ru:Категория:Литературоведы Италии

title: Category:Italian literary critics


text:
Talk:Mariner 4

Cow on Mars?!
Hmmmmm... I don't think this is a picture of Mars... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.220.139.80 (talk • contribs) 22:31, 14 July 2005
 * OK, while I was typing this, the picture of a cow was replaced... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.220.139.80 (talk • contribs) 22:32, 14 July 2005

Source?
The following is listed in the entry "....shook the scientific community." Is there a source for this? Specifics concerning this aren't mentioned at all. Pgrote 20:26, 16 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I rewrote the sentence a bit to make it more Wikipedia-ish. Van der Hoorn (talk) 22:53, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Where is it now?
Where is this probe now? Helocentric orbit or what? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.121.234.90 (talk • contribs) 03:15, 8 April 2006
 * I don't know exactly where, but it's in a exterior Heliocentric orbit. Most planetary probes are in heliocentric orbit initially, then have to adjust their trajectories to orbit or land. CFLeon 06:30, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Added it to the article. Van der Hoorn (talk) 14:55, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Intelligent life hopes
I'm a bit sceptical about the sentence: Images of craters and measurements of a thin atmosphere, indicating a relatively inactive planet exposed to the harshness of space, generally dissipated hopes of finding intelligent life on mars. Was there really any serious hope of finding 'intelligent' life on Mars just before the M4 probe? (As opposed to just the hope of finding 'complex' life such as plants and invertebrates). Ashmoo 01:08, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Also the ''shook the science community' from the intro seems more appropriate for a pop-science article rather than an encyclopedia. The data gathered from M4 was well within the range of expected outcomes wasn't it? Ashmoo 01:29, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This article is lean on sources. I vote for removing '..shook the science community' unless there is something backing this statement up. Maybe the hopes-statement should be removed too. (Although I think this sentence may be true: it doesn't mention the scientific community and in the general poblic maybe many stil had hope before the M4 probe) Pukkie 09:48, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Unless there's some evidence that the scientific community, as opposed to the science fiction community - really expected there to be life on Mars at the the time, this is a statement that needs to be backed up with a citation or removed. And Mars needs to be capitalized in the life on mars line. --Don Sowell 23:02, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Shows that the pictures of the same resolution from earth would not give any proof for intelegent life on earth.--Stone 12:23, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Shows clearly that part of the science cmunity belived in life on mars, or even considered it being fact!--Stone 12:30, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Added content based on before mentioned references. Van der Hoorn (talk) 11:58, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Recontact
The page doesn't really address the 1967 recontact, only mentions the final lost of contact. Can someone put up some info about this? CFLeon 06:33, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Midcourse correction accuracy
The article states the pitch/roll change was completed to "better than 1% accuracy". Shouldn't it read "better than 99% accuracy" or "better than 1% error" instead? Eridane (talk) 19:32, 29 January 2010 (UTC) I agree. The reference cited is a NASA document that includes the same error. Wikipedia's generally accepted policy is that we can't perform any original research, so we're left with having discerning readers figure this out on their own, or just read our comments!Raryel (talk) 15:48, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

Copy Edit Needed
The article needs a good copy edit. Should probably be a high prioity to-do. Schaffman (talk) 14:57, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Dead source links
Sources 2 and 3 are dead links and need to be fixed — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8800:4300:713:7D88:3D1A:ACB2:56EE (talk) 17:37, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

Maps showing the THREE bodies (Earth, Mars, Mariner 4) orbits AND RELATIVE DISTANCES at flyby time
The according data are lacking, as outlined in the frame on top of page ("This article contains orbital elements but does not include an epoch...").

The box on the right of the page (which I found no way to edit BTW) has a paragraph titled "Orbital parameters", which, despite the "Mariner 4" title of the page, recalls the MARS orbit. I suggest to make 3 paragraphs, "Earth orbital parameters", "Mars orbital parameters", and "Mariner 4 orbital parameters".

Even better if possible would be to add map(s) showing the 3 orbits, outlining the wide possible ranges for the distances between the 3 bodies involved.

Mars being, depending on Earth and Mars epochs, 130x to 1040x farther (from Earth) than the Moon, and the signal attenuation being accordingly from 17,000x to 1,080,000x bigger, data transmission between Earth and the spacecraft was a major problem in the Mariner 4 enterprise and exploit, in a proportion that potentially varies like from 1 to 60 in signal strength (I recall that the transmission of the 634KB of data took 19 days despite the use of an array of giant antennas spread over Earth continents). So this page really needs to show the distance Mariner 4 was from Earth at the moments of the flyby and of the main data transmission (from 15 jul 11:45 to 03 aug 1965).

Thanks a lot to the ones who would be able to add these precisions. Michel Merlin (talk) 15:51, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

Add: I wrote to NASA who gave me the results, which I added in the main page at the start of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_4#Mars_flyby section Michel Merlin (talk) 18:34, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081230212629/http://home.earthlink.net/~nbrass1/mariner/miv-2.htm to http://home.earthlink.net/~nbrass1/mariner/miv-2.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060316104212/http://www.astrosurf.com/nunes/explor/explor_m4.htm to http://astrosurf.com/nunes/explor/explor_m4.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071005044108/http://www.strykfoto.org/mariner4.htm to http://www.strykfoto.org/mariner4.htm

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External links modified
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Epoch Data
Epoch data can be found at. I'm not sure what numbers should be added to the info-box in the epoch field. GrahamCracker325 (talk) 13:38, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

Value for "Distance travelled" is incorrect
In the data box in the upper right of the page is an item called "Distance travelled". The item itself shouldn't even be there since the spacecraft is in heliocentric orbit and the distance travelled is constantly changing. At the very least, the value given (2,000,000 km, or 1,200,000 mi) is way off. At the time of the flyby the craft was 216,000,000 km from Earth. Maybe someone just left of a couple of zeros. MikePhysics (talk) 16:38, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Removed. Ruslik_ Zero 15:50, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mariner 4


text: Template:LTM collection

title: Template:LTM collection


text: User talk:69.155.133.60

title: User talk:69.155.133.60


text:
Ingimar Ingaldson

Ingmar Ingaldson (April 4, 1888 —September 21, 1934 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1932, as a member of the Progressive Party.

He was born in Hallson, North Dakota, in the United States of America, to parents of Icelandic origin. He came to Canada in 1901, and was educated at the Manitoba Agricultural College. He served as manager of several local cooperatives, including the North Star Co-operative Creamery and Arborg Farmers Co-operative Association Ltd. In 1913, Ingaldson married Violet Palson. From 1917 to 1926, he served as secretary-treasurer of the Rural Municipality of Bifrost. He was also active in drama, and took part in several plays in the region.

He first ran for the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba. He lost to Liberal Michael Rojeski in the constituency of Gimli by 260 votes.

Ingaldson ran again in the 1927 election as a Progressive, and defeated Liberal candidate Einar Jonasson by 225 votes (Rojeski, now an independent, finished third). The Progressives won a majority government, and Ingaldson served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's administration. In 1930, he visited Iceland as a representative of the Manitoba government for the nation's millennial celebrations.

In 1932, the Progressive and Liberal parties formed an electoral alliance to prevent the Conservatives from forming government. Despite the provincial alliance, however, Jonasson again challenged Ingaldson in Gimli. Jonasson won the challenge by 271 votes, with both candidates proclaiming support for Bracken's government.

Ingaldson died two years later in a drowning accident.

title: Ingimar Ingaldson