text:
The Violet Burning

The Violet Burning is an independent American Christian alternative rock band based in Boston, Massachusetts. The band was formed in 1989 in Orange County, California by Michael J. Pritzl.

The band is the project of singer, songwriter and guitarist Michael J. Pritzl. Their first album was released by Vineyard Music with subsequent recording release on independent labels such as New Breed, Domo Records, Ruby Electric, Northern Records and directly to fans. They have toured North America and Europe multiple times and sold over 100,000 albums.

History
HM ranked the band's 1992 album, Strength, at No. 69 on its Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of All Time list, in 2010.

The band toured Europe in mid-2011 and North America during October 2011.

Full-length albums and EPs

 * Chosen – (1989, New Breed/Vineyard Music Group/Frontline Records)
 * Strength – (1992, Bluestone Records)
 * The Violet Burning – (1996, Domo Records)
 * Demonstrates Plastic and Elastic – (1998, Ruby Electric; review: HM Magazine )
 * I Am a Stranger in This Place - An Experiment in Vibe – (2000, Sovereign Productions)
 * Faith and Devotions of a Satellite Heart – (2000, Sovereign Productions)
 * Fabulous Like You (as The Gravity Show) – (2002, Northern Records)
 * This Is the Moment – (2003, Northern Records)
 * Hollow Songs (as Michael Pritzl) – (2004, Northern Records) [EP]
 * Drop-dead – (2006, Northern Records)
 * Mercy Songs (as Michael Pritzl) – (2010, independent) [EP]
 * The Story of Our Lives: TH3 FANTA5T1C MACH1N3 / Black as Death / Liebe über Alles – (2011, independent) [three-disc boxed set]
 * The Story of Our Lives: Pentimento I and The Story of Our Lives: Pentimento II – (2012, independent)

Demos

 * Dead Men Can't Swim, Heart Wide Open – (1989, independent) [cassette-only]
 * You Wouldn't Understand Anyways ... – (1994, independent) [cassette-only; re-released on CD with Lillian Gish with hand-painted cover]
 * Lillian Gish – (1995, independent) [cassette-only; re-released on CD with You Wouldn't Understand Anyways ...  with hand-painted cover]
 * Pomegranate – (2007, independent) [The Violet Burning-era demos and singles]
 * Stars Go Down... When We Were Future Stars – (2007, independent) [expanded re-release of 1989's Dead Men Can't Swim, Heart Wide Open]

Live

 * The Violet Underground Vol. 1: We Are Electric: Live Bootleg, Cornerstone 2000 – (2001, independent)
 * The Violet Underground Vol. 2: Kissing the Sky: Live in the Netherlands and on Radio 3 (as Michael Pritzl, recorded in 1993) – (2001, independent)
 * The Violet Burning Live: The Loudest Sound in My Heart – (2005, independent)
 * Sting Like Bees and Sing – (2009, independent) [live at Cornerstone 2007]
 * Beneath a Blinding Light – (2011, independent)
 * The Vault 1: Live in Kansas City, December 2006 (as Michael Pritzl) – (2013, independent) [hand-painted cover]

Miscellaneous

 * "Low" – (1993, Third Wave: The Reality Rock Collection, ERG-Essential) [original version]
 * "Low" [single version] / "Low" [long version] – (1996, CD single, Domo)
 * "It's All Too Much" (Beatles cover) – (1998, The Mother of All Tribute Albums, HM Records)
 * "All Right" / "Elaste" – (2001, A Live Tribute Recording for Gene Eugene, Northern Records)
 * The Violet Underground Vol. 3: Lipstick and Dynamite Wonder – (2002, independent) [re-release of 1996's The Violet Burning]
 * The Violet Underground Vol. 4: Distortion Is Our Friend – (2002, independent) [includes demos from You Wouldn't Understand Anyways ... and Lillian Gish]
 * "Sky High" (The Prayer Chain cover) – (2002, Salutations: A Tribute to the Prayer Chain, Audiolab)
 * The Violet Underground Vol. 5: Violet Christmas Vol. 1 – (2003, independent)
 * Gravity – (2007, independent) [alternate mixes and demos by The Violet Burning, Michael Pritzl, and The Gravity Show]
 * Divine: 10 Songs for Christmas – (2008, digital-only Christmas album, independent)
 * FACT0RY CRASH M 1X 1 preview – (2010, digital-only release, independent)
 * Divine 2.0 – (2012, independent) [expanded and remastered version of 2008's Divine - limited edition of 150 copies with hand-painted cover]
 * Divine 3.0 – (2013, independent) [remastered version of 2008's Divine with bonus tracks - limited edition with hand-painted cover]
 * "Mon Désir (All I Want Is You)" (edit) – (2013, Music Love Action: A Benefit for the Philippines - Presented by Soulfest, NoiseTrade)

Collaborations of Michael Pritzl

 * Touching the Father's Heart #7: Hear Our Cry (Psalm 102) (with others) – (1990, Vineyard Ministries, International)
 * Touching the Father's Heart #12: Throne of Grace (with others) – (1991, Vineyard Ministries, International)

Videos

 * Film Show (VHS)
 * Live footage from Cornerstone Festival 2000 and Tom Festival 2000
 * 13 live tracks filmed throughout America and Europe of during 2003-2005 touring
 * The Loudest Sound in My Heart (DVD, 2005)
 * Shelter Me Beneath a Blinding Light (digital-only release, 2011)

Members

 * Michael J. Pritzl

Current players (in addition to Pritzl)

 * Lenny Beh – drums, violin
 * Chris Buelow – guitar
 * Daryl "Black Cherry" Dawson – bass, guitar
 * Kevin Buhler – guitar, bass
 * Paul Stebner – guitar

Musicians who have toured or recorded with The Violet Burning

 * Michael Misiuk – guitar
 * Kirt Gentry – bass guitar
 * Lonnie Tubbs – drums
 * Scott Tubbs – bass guitar
 * Shawn Tubbs – guitar
 * Andrew Prickett – guitar
 * Jeff Schroeder – guitar
 * Jason Pickersgill – bass guitar
 * Herb Grimaud Jr. – bass guitar
 * Michael Kalmar – drums
 * Glen Pearce – guitar
 * Robbie Farr – guitar
 * David Archuletta II – guitar
 * Eddie Fisher – drums
 * James Banuelos – percussion
 * Melissa Barnett – backing vocals
 * Jamie Record (Eichler) – backing vocals
 * Daniel Dupuis – drums
 * Gabriel Wilson – guitar, effects
 * Sam West – drums
 * Douglas Heckman – guitar
 * Chris Buelow – guitar
 * Kevin Buhler – guitar, bass guitar
 * Jason Lord Mize – drums
 * Larry Salzman – drums
 * Ben Pasketti – guitar
 * Joel Zwanziger – drums
 * Josiah Sherman – synth, piano
 * Susan Costantini Green – piano, synth
 * Gabriel Wilson – drums, backing vocals
 * Chris Greely – backing vocals
 * Matt Payne – drums
 * Eleanor Beh – cello
 * Danny Ponce – drums
 * Charles Maynes - synths

title: The Violet Burning


text:
Cook Out 400

The Cook Out 400 is an annual NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at the Richmond Raceway in Richmond, Virginia, being the second of two races at the track with the first one being the Toyota Owners 400 in the spring.

This race was previously the final race before the Cup Series playoffs (previously "the Chase") began since NASCAR implemented them for the 2004 season until 2018 when it was moved into the playoffs (replacing the race at Chicagoland which was moved to June). The Brickyard 400 became the last race before the playoffs in 2018, replacing Richmond, and was again in 2019 and then the Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Daytona became the last race of the playoffs in 2020 and still is today. In 2022, this race was taken out of the playoffs and moved to August. In 2023, the race was moved again to the last weekend in July.

History
Starting in 1991, the race was moved from Sunday afternoon to Saturday night. It became the second night race on the NASCAR schedule, following Bristol which took place a few weeks earlier.

From 2000 to 2009, the race was sponsored in some form by Chevrolet. For 2001 and 2002, the race sponsorship was in conjunction with Warner Bros., with Looney Tunes characters featured in several cars' paint jobs. For the 2003–2009 races, the race was known as the Chevy Rock and Roll 400, and various cars promoted various rock music acts. The 2010 race saw the sponsorship move from Chevrolet to the Air National Guard, a branch of the United States Air Force. The race was sponsored by Roll Global through its Wonderful Pistachios brand, a division of Roll Global subsidiary Paramount Nuts in 2011. On May 2, 2012, Federated Auto Parts and Richmond International Raceway announced that Federated Auto Parts would become the race's sponsor starting in 2012.

The most notable year of this race is arguably the 2013 race, which was marred by a team orders scheme (referred to as Spingate) designed to manipulate the outcome of the race and Chase positions in the final ten laps after Clint Bowyer intentionally spun out to allow Brian Vickers to pit after a restart from the caution so that Martin Truex Jr. could secure a spot in the Chase, and a separate manipulation where David Gilliland was asked to slow down to allow Joey Logano to pass so that Logano could secure a spot in the Chase. NASCAR penalized the teams involved in the scheme (Michael Waltrip Racing, Penske Racing, and Front Row Motorsports) which therefore eliminated Truex from that year's Chase, while Jeff Gordon was given a thirteenth slot (in a usually twelve-driver battle) in the Chase as a compensation. (Gordon would have been 10th in points and made it in on points instead of Logano if Logano had not passed Gilliland. Had this manipulation have not occurred, Logano would have been 11th in points but still gotten into the Chase by being in one of two wild card positions outside the top 10 in points, which is why he wasn't kicked out of the Chase like Truex. Gordon would have not qualified for a wild card spot due to being winless.) Carl Edwards would win that year's race.

When the race was run in close proximity to (and it occasionally being run on) Patriot Day (9/11), the Pledge of Allegiance was included as part of the opening ceremony. The 2021 race, which took place on the 20th anniversary of the September 11 attacks, was called the Federated Auto Parts 400 Salute to First Responders.

Cook Out Restaurants would become the title sponsor of the race in 2023, replacing Federated Auto Parts.

Past winners

 * 1969: Race shortened from 500 laps due to rain.
 * 1988: Track reconfigured to 0.75 miles.
 * 1991: Race moved to a Saturday night event.
 * 2008: Race postponed from Saturday night to Sunday afternoon due to rain.
 * 2012: Race started late due to rain; race finished on Sunday approximately 1:30am.
 * 2016 and 2017: Race extended due to an overtime finish.

Track length notes

 * 1958–1967: 0.5 mile course
 * 1968: 0.625 mile course
 * 1969–1987: 0.542 mile course
 * 1988–present: 0.75 mile course

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cook Out 400


text:
Talk:Peregrine Systems

Untitled
"Peregrine has sustained a rich tradition of delivering solutions with superior functionality to a broad segment of the global enterprise customer market. "
 * That line does not sound NPOV to me - it reads more like an advertisement. Can we reword this to make it more encyclopedic/informative and less marketing oriented?  -Armaced 21:46, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

"Our asset and service management offerings – ranging from Asset..." Since when does Wikipedia offer asset and service management solutions? This line is obviously taken directly from Peregrine's website. In fact, here is the link. This page is supposed to inform readers of the existence of Peregrine Systems, and perhaps their place in the market or their history. It is not supposed to be an advertisement for the company. I know it is a subtle difference between informitive and persuasive, but this article isn't even making an effort. -Armaced 15:52, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

URL is broken
The URL pointing to http://www.sandreas.de/wiki/index.php/Main_Page is broken

try www.sandreas.de, wikipedia is now inside

Helpdesk Software
Not sure, but Helpdesk software is in my opinion the wrong wording, because Servicecenter is focused on supporting ITIL Service Management ...

I agree

Content Quality
This page seems rather blatantly targetted at the financial fraud of the company rather than the company itself. I would think that Peregrine's contributions would also include mention of things like Remedy, Tivoli, Harbinger, Loran, and all the other companies that were purchased.

Instead the content seems focused on the quasi-libel. For example "Peregrine's leadership was compelled to cover up their schemes, all the while selling off their Peregrine stock" : as far as I know, only the financial misdeeds have been prosecuted, not the SEC investigations.

I'd definitely flag this article as in dispute: it appears to be written from the point of view of someone who lost their job or their savings in the Peregrine fiasco which, while large, was NOT the reason Arthur Andersen failed.

Agreed that this article seems to violate the NPOV policy. Bc183 01:09, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

expanded product information to more accurately reflect the full product line, also Peregrine were a company that acquired most (but not all) of their technology, articulated this and the way it relates to the collpase of the organisation,

added some background on when the logo was launched and what the design represents, should it still be deleted ?

Fair use rationale for Image:Peregrine IT Asset and Service Management.gif
Image:Peregrine IT Asset and Service Management.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:36, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Extensive clean up of article and references added
I made extensive edits and added citations and references throughout this document, and took out any items that were not fair and objective. Many errors of fact were corrected, with links to court documents, news items and other material substantiating the changed content. --JLRedperson (talk) 15:34, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

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External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120829235544/http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Peregrine_Systems_Inc_acquires_Harbinger_Corp-259573/ to http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Peregrine_Systems_Inc_acquires_Harbinger_Corp-259573/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20120829235605/http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Peregrine_Systems_Inc_acquires_Remedy_Corp-303791/ to http://www.alacrastore.com/deal-snapshot/Peregrine_Systems_Inc_acquires_Remedy_Corp-303791/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20121018081323/http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/financial/10605963-1.html/ to http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/financial/10605963-1.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20140505191307/http://www.allbusiness.com:80/legal/trial-procedure-decisions-rulings/12082718-1.html to http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/trial-procedure-decisions-rulings/12082718-1.html

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External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091203005839/http://www.justice.gov/usao/cas/press/cas81230-Peregrine4.pdf to http://www.justice.gov/usao/cas/press/cas81230-Peregrine4.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091203005839/http://www.justice.gov/usao/cas/press/cas81230-Peregrine4.pdf to http://www.justice.gov/usao/cas/press/cas81230-Peregrine4.pdf
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 * Added tag to https://h10078.www1.hp.com/cda/hpms/display/main/hpms_content.jsp?zn=bto&cp=1-11-85-121%5E1480_4000_100__%2FHP
 * Added tag to https://h10078.www1.hp.com/cda/hpms/display/main/hpms_content.jsp?zn=bto&cp=1-11-85%5E12473_4000_100__%2F
 * Added tag to https://h10078.www1.hp.com/cda/hpms/display/main/hpms_content.jsp?zn=bto&cp=1-11-85-121%5E1481_4000_100__%2F
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120224002228/http://www.freshnews.com/news/47751/peregrine-systemsr-change-management-solution-helps-businesses-gain-control-their-it-infr to http://www.freshnews.com/news/47751/peregrine-systemsr-change-management-solution-helps-businesses-gain-control-their-it-infr/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121107211745/http://news.cnet.com/Bankrupt-Peregrine-sells-unit-to-BMC/2100-1017_3-966741.html to http://news.cnet.com/Bankrupt-Peregrine-sells-unit-to-BMC/2100-1017_3-966741.html/
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title: Talk:Peregrine Systems


text:
Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre

The Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre (JTAC) is an all-source intelligence organisation closely related to the United Kingdom Security Service which provides advice to the British government and firms within the Critical National Infrastructure on terrorist threats.

Operating from Thames House on Millbank in central London, it provides regular assessments to government departments, major companies and institutions, predominantly in the transport, financial services, utilities and telecommunications industries.

Organisation
The Director of JTAC reports to the Director General of the Security Service (commonly known as MI5), and directs a staff including personnel from the Security Service, Secret Intelligence Service (commonly known as MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), Defence Intelligence Staff, Counter Terrorism Policing and a further six government departments. Personnel are seconded to JTAC but remain under the authority of their parent organisations.

As a body closely related to the Security Service, JTAC is bound by the provisions of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 and is subject to the oversight of the Intelligence and Security Committee.

Dissemination of information
Assessments are used to inform the threat levels disseminated through the Security Service, Home Office and Ministry of Defence. Until very recently these threat levels were promulgated in a form known as the BIKINI state and Tesseral State. The current threat system is similar to, and largely aligned with, the US Department of Homeland Security rating system.

Threat levels
The range of five available threat levels is:
 * Low – an attack is unlikely
 * Moderate – an attack is possible, but not likely
 * Substantial – an attack is likely
 * Severe – an attack is highly likely
 * Critical – an attack is highly likely in the near future

This is a reduction from the previous seven levels in order to simplify communication to the general public.

Public attention
JTAC rose to public prominence following the terrorist attacks in London in July 2005. Media reporting highlighted a reduction in the threat level from "Severe General" to "Substantial" based on the assessment that the risk of an attack was at its lowest point since 9/11. These news reports were the first release of threat gradings outside the Critical National Infrastructure.

title: Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre


text:
JTAC

JTAC may refer to:

 * JTAC Hill, a fort in Helmand Province, Afghanistan
 * Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre, advises the UK government on terrorist threats
 * Joint Terminal Attack Controller, someone who directs aircraft in a military operation
 * Advanced Mobile Phone System, an analogue mobile phone standard, also known Japanese Total Access Communication
 * Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center
 * Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, a scientific journal

title: JTAC


text:
List of cave monasteries

A cave monastery is a monastery built in caves, with possible outside facilities. The 3rd-century monk St. Anthony the Great, known as the founder of monasticism, lived in a cave.

 * Albania
 * Qafthanë Cave Church, cave church near Urakë
 * St. Mary's Church, cave church in Maligrad, an island in the Prespa lake
 * Armenia
 * Geghard cave monastery/fortress
 * Bulgaria
 * Aladzha Monastery
 * Albotin Monastery
 * Basarbovo Monastery
 * Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
 * Cave monasteries of Krepcha
 * Monasteries of Provadia
 * Cave monasteries on the Plateau of Shumen
 * Cave monasteries of Tervel
 * Ethiopia
 * Monolithic church
 * France
 * Abbey of Saint-Roman, Beaucaire, Gard
 * Georgia
 * David Gareja monastery complex
 * Vanis Kvabebi cave monastery/fortress, Javakheti Plateau
 * Vardzia cave city and monastery
 * Greece
 * various cave hermitages at Meteora
 * various cave hermitages at Mount Athos
 * caves at Karoulia
 * Monastery of Saint Mark, Petroussa
 * Hungary
 * Gellért Hill Cave chapels and monastery, Budapest
 * Iraq
 * Rabban Hormizd Monastery, Alqosh
 * Mar Qayuma Monastery, Dooreh
 * Israel
 * Qumran Caves, once inhabited by the Essenes
 * North Macedonia
 * Kališta Monastery, Struga
 * Romania
 * Basarabi Cave Complex
 * Corbii de Piatră
 * Nămăiești
 * Russia
 * Monastery of the Caves, Nizhny Novgorod
 * Pskov Cave Monastery, Pskov Oblast
 * Divnogorye and Saviour Convent, Voronezh Oblast
 * Serbia
 * Blagoveštenje
 * Crna Reka
 * Gornjak
 * Kađenica
 * Churches of Kovilje Monastery
 * Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, also known as the Cave Church, 14th-century church in Lukovo
 * Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, in Rsovci, where was painted a unique fresco of bald Jesus
 * Hermitage of St. Peter Koriški
 * Savina
 * Thailand
 * Wat Tham Khan, Sakon Nakhon province
 * Tiger Cave Temple (Wat Tam Sua), Krabi
 * Turkey
 * Cappadocia cave monasteries
 * Cave monastery of İnceğiz
 * Church of Saint Peter
 * Ukraine Kitaev Hermitage.jpg
 * Assumption Cave Monastery and Inkerman Cave Monastery in the Crimea
 * Assumption Cave Monastery in Zymne, near Volodymyr
 * Bakota Cave Monastery in Bakota, near Kamianets-Podilskyi
 * Eletsky Monastery in Chernihiv
 * Kyiv Pechersk Lavra and Kytaiv Pustyn, Kyiv

Northeast Bulgaria

 * Rock monasteries near Ruse
 * Basarbovo Monastery
 * Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
 * Great Nisovo Rock Monastery (Голям Нисовски скален манастир), near Nisovo village
 * Tabachka Cave Church, near Tabachka village
 * Rock monasteries near Cherven village
 * Malkiya Rai Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Малкия Рай“)
 * Koshuta Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Кошута“)
 * Golemiya Rai Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Големия рай“)
 * Moskov Dol Rock Church (Скална църква „Москов Дол“)
 * Krepcha Rock Monastery (Крепченски скален манастир), near Krepcha village
 * Rock monasteries near Tervel
 * Rock monasteries near Balik and Onogur villages
 * Asar Evleri Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Асар евлери“)
 * Gyaur Evleri Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Гяур евлери“)
 * Sandakli Maara Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Сандъкли маара“)
 * Tarapanata Rock Monastery (Скална обител „Тарапаната“)
 * Valchanova Staya Rock Hermitage (Скален скит „Вълчанова стая“), near Brestnitsa village
 * Barbino Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Върбино“), near Varbino village
 * Haidushki Kashti Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Хайдушки къщи“), near Kolobar village

Provadiya river valley
Rock monasteries situated in and around the Provadiya river valley:

 * Rock monasteries on the Shumen Plateau
 * Osmar monasteries, near Osmar village
 * Trinity (Troitsa) monasteries, near Troitsa village
 * Hankrumovski Monastery, near Han Krum (Hankrum) village
 * Divdyadovski Monastery, near Divdiyadovo village
 * a 14th-century rock-hewn church on the northwestern edge of Shumen city
 * Rock monasteries near Nevsha
 * Gyurebahcha Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Гюребахча“)
 * Petricha Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Петрича“), near Razdelna, Varna Province
 * Kisheshlika Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Кишешлика“), near Avren, Varna Province
 * Rock monasteries around Provadia
 * Shashkanite Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Шашкъните“)
 * Chukara Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Чукара“)
 * Holy Archangel Gabriel Rock Chapel (Скален параклис „Св. Архангел Гавраил“)
 * Sara Kaya Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Саръ кая“)
 * Kara Cave Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Кара пещера“), just north of Manastir village
 * Rock monasteries near Petrov Dol village
 * St. George Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Свети Георги“)
 * Golyamata / Big Rock Monastery (Seven Chambers / Hodaviah) (Скален манастир „Голямата канара“)
 * Gradishte Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Градище“)
 * Tapanite Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Тъпаните“), near Blaskovo village
 * Rojak rock monasteries: Dzheneviz Kanara Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Дженевиз канара“) or Golyamata Kanara Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Голямата канара“), near Rojak village
 * Aladzha Monastery near Varna

Others

 * St. Stefan Rock Monastery (Скален манастир „Св. Стефан“), Nikopol
 * Rock hermitages near the Krushuna Falls south of Krushuna village
 * St. Nicholas Rock Monastery (Gligora) (Скален манастир „Свети Никола“ (Глигора)), near Karlukovo village
 * St. Ivan Pusti Monastery (Манастир „Свети Иван Пусти”), near Bistrets, Vratsa Province
 * Albotin Monastery, northwestern Bulgaria

title: List of cave monasteries


text:
Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion

An extraordinary minister of Holy Communion in the Catholic Church is, under the 1983 Code of Canon Law, "an acolyte, or another of Christ's faithful deputed", in certain extraordinary circumstances, to distribute Holy Communion. The term "extraordinary" distinguishes such a person from the ordinary minister of Holy Communion, namely a bishop, priest or deacon. Under ordinary circumstances, only bishops, priests, and deacons may distribute Communion in the Catholic Church. Similarly, only bishops and priests may administer the Sacrament of Anointing of the sick.

The 1983 code permits that "[w]here the needs of the Church require and ministers are not available, lay people, even though they are not lectors or acolytes, can supply certain of their functions, that is, exercise the ministry of the word, preside over liturgical prayers, confer baptism and distribute Holy Communion, in accordance with the provisions of the law." The term "lay people" does not distinguish between men and women.

Function
The extraordinary minister's function is to distribute Holy Communion, either within Mass or by taking it to a sick person, when an ordained minister (bishop, priest or deacon) is absent or impeded.

In order to avoid confusion about this function, an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion is not to be called a "special minister of Holy Communion", nor an "extraordinary Minister of the Eucharist", nor a "special minister of the Eucharist".

Ten years before publication of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, some of these expressions were used in the instruction of the Sacred Congregation of the Sacraments Immensae caritatis of 29 January 1973. They are now reprobated.

The only minister of the Eucharist (that is, someone able to confect the Eucharistic species with bread and wine) is a priest or bishop.

Appointment
An instituted acolyte is an extraordinary minister of Holy Communion by virtue of his institution. Such acolytes are, in practice, seminarians or former seminarians, or those in deacon formation, although canon law allows the ministry to be conferred on any lay people, men or women, who have the age and qualifications that the episcopal conference is to lay down. The local bishop, pastor, or priest celebrant may depute other lay Catholics for the temporary function of extraordinary minister of Holy Communion, either for a single occasion or for a specified period of time, if there are reasons of real necessity. The commissioning need not take a liturgical form, but an appropriate blessing, which should in no way resemble ordination, may be imparted. In special cases of an unforeseen nature, the priest celebrating Mass may grant permission for a single occasion.

Extraordinary, not ordinary
Redemptionis sacramentum states: "If there is usually present a sufficient number of sacred ministers for the distribution of Holy Communion, extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion may not be appointed. Indeed, in such circumstances, those who may have already been appointed to this ministry should not exercise it. The practice of those priests is reprobated who, even though present at the celebration, abstain from distributing Communion and hand this function over to laypersons." The document adds: "the extraordinary minister of Holy Communion may administer Communion only when the Priest and Deacon are lacking, when the Priest is prevented by weakness or advanced age or some other genuine reason, or when the number of faithful coming to Communion is so great that the very celebration of Mass would be unduly prolonged. [...] [A] brief prolongation, considering the circumstances and culture of the place, is not at all a sufficient reason".

For a time, extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion in the United States were allowed to purify the Communion vessels (such as ciboria and chalices), an action that the 2010 General Instruction of the Roman Missal expressly reserves for priest, deacon and instituted acolyte. The special indult authorizing that practice for three years, beginning in 2002, was not renewed.


text:
Gymnophryidae

Gymnophryidae is a small family of amoeboids that lack shells and produce thin, reticulose pseudopods. These contain microtubules and have a granular appearance, owing to the presence of extrusomes, but are distinct from the pseudopods of Foraminifera. They are included among the Cercozoa (along with Lecythium), but differ from other cercozoans in having mitochondria with flat cristae, rather than tubular cristae.

Gymnophrys cometa, found in freshwater and soil, is representative of the group. The cell body is under 10 μm in size, and has a pair of reduced flagella, which are smooth and insert parallel to one another. It may also produce motile zoospores and cysts. Gymnophrys and Borkovia are the only confirmed genera, but other naked reticulose amoebae such as Biomyxa may be close relatives.

Taxonomy

 * Family Gymnophryidae Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 1996
 * Genus Gymnophrys Cienkowski 1876
 * Species Gymnophrys cometa Cienkowski 1876 non Cienkowski 1876 sensu Penard 1921
 * Genus Borkovia Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 1996
 * Species Borkovia cometa Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 1996 [Gymnophrys cometa Cienkowski 1876 sensu Penard 1921 non Cienkowski 1876 ; Penardia cometa (Penard 1902) de Saedeleer 1934 ; Borkovia desaedeleeri Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 1998 ]

title: Gymnophryidae