text:
Lāčplēsis

Lāčplēsis ("The Bear-Slayer") is an epic poem by Andrejs Pumpurs, a Latvian poet, who wrote it between 1872 and 1887 based on local legends. It is set during the Livonian Crusades telling the story of the mythical hero Lāčplēsis "the Bear Slayer". Lāčplēsis is regarded as the Latvian national epic.

Synopsis
The poem opens at the council of the Baltic gods at the palace of Pērkons in the sky where the Father of Destiny declares that Latvians are under threat because Christian crusaders are going to come and conquer the Baltic lands and enslave the Latvian nation. The Gods promise to protect the Latvians. When the meeting comes to an end suddenly Staburadze arrives and ask for advice in her matter: she has found a young man drowning in the river Daugava where he has to turn into stone. Pērkons says that he has chosen this man for an important matter and that he will save the man. The council ends with the question, will the Baltic gods ever come back together?

There follows a flashback of a few days to an occasion upon which the Lord of Lielvārde is taking a walk with his 18-year-old son. Suddenly a bear jumps out to attack them. Undaunted, the son seizes the bear by the jaws and rips it apart as if it had been no more of a threat than a small goat, thus earning himself the name Lāčplēsis - the bear slayer. After this he is sent off to the castle of Burtnieks to continue his studies. On the way, at the castle of Lord Aizkrauklis, he spies on the activities of the witch Spīdala, who is under the control of the Devil, and the holy man Kangars, who is in reality a traitor plotting with crusaders to replace the old gods with Christianity. Spīdala tries to drown Lāčplēsis by throwing him into the whirlpool of Staburags in the Daugava, but he is rescued by the goddess Staburadze and taken to her underwater crystal castle. There Lāčplēsis meets and falls in love with the maiden Laimdota. Shortly afterwards, Lāčplēsis becomes friends with another hero, Koknesis ("Wood-bearer"), and they study together at the castle of Burtnieks, Laimdota's father.

Kangars provokes a war with the Estonians, and Lāčplēsis sets out to fight the giant Kalapuisis (Kalevipoeg (the "Kalapuisis" name is derived from kalapoiss; it probably refers to the hero of the Estonian epic poem Kalevipoeg)). The two fight to a draw. Afterwards, they make peace and decide to join forces to fight their common enemy, the German crusaders, who are led by the priest Dietrich (Dītrihs). Lāčplēsis performs another heroic deed by spending the night in a cursed sunken castle, breaking the curse and allowing the castle to rise into the air again. Laimdota and Lāčplēsis are engaged. In the following episodes, Laimdota reads from the old books about the Creation and ancient Latvian teachings.

Laimdota and Koknesis are kidnapped and imprisoned in Germany. Spīdala convinces Lāčplēsis that Laimdota and Koknesis are lovers. Lāčplēsis returns home to Lielvārde, then sets sail for Germany. His ship becomes lost in the Northern Sea, and he is welcomed by the daughter of the North Wind. In the meantime, Dietrich and the Livonian prince Caupo of Turaida meet with the Pope in Rome to plan the Christianization of Latvia. Lāčplēsis begins his dangerous journey home from the Northern Sea. He fights monsters with three, six, and nine heads on the Enchanted Island. Finally, he encounters Spīdala on the island, and frees her from her contract with the Devil. Lāčplēsis is reunited with Laimdota and Koknesis, who escaped from Germany but were then trapped on the Enchanted Island. Koknesis declares his love for Spīdala, and the four friends return to Latvia.

A double wedding is celebrated during the Jāņi (Midsummer festivities), but the heroes soon set off to fight the German crusaders. After several battles, the Germans are pushed back, and their leader, Bishop Albert, brings reinforcements from Germany, including the Dark Knight. At Dietrich's bidding, Kangars finds out the secret of Lāčplēsis' strength and treacherously reveals it to the Germans: Lāčplēsis' mother was a she-bear, and his superhuman strength resides in his bear ears. The German knights come to Lielvārde offering to make peace. Lāčplēsis organizes a friendly tournament at the castle Lielvārde, during which he is goaded into fighting the Dark Knight. The knight cuts off Lāčplēsis' right ear and Lāčplēsis loses the strength in his right hand. Lāčplēsis becomes angry and with his left hand destroys the armor of the Dark Knight, but his sword is also destroyed. The Dark knight struck back cutting off Lāčplēsis' left ear, leading him to also lose the strength in his left hand. The two wrestle. Lāčplēsis manages to throw the Dark Knight into the river Daugava, but falls into the river himself. At this moment Laimdota also dies. At the end of the story a promise is given that the battle between Lāčplēsis and the Dark knight is not over yet, one day Lāčplēsis will win, then new times will come, and Latvians will be free again.

 * Canto I: The council of the gods – Lāčplēsis' destiny revealed
 * Canto II: The first heroic deed of Lāčplēsis – Lāčplēsis sets out to Burtnieki castle – Meeting with Spīdala – In the Devil's pit – In Staburadze's palace – Return and meeting with Koknesis
 * Canto III: The conspiracy of Kangars and Spīdala – War with the Estonians – The sunken castle – The Creation – The Latvians tricked by the Christians
 * Canto IV: Kaupa in Rome – Koknesis and Laimdota in Germany – Lāčplēsis in the northern sea – Lāčplēsis' return
 * Canto V: On the bewitched island – Meeting with Spīdala – Homecoming – Lāčplēsis, Laimdota and Koknesis reunited
 * Canto VI: Midsummer festival – Battle begins – Lāčplēsis' wedding – Death of Lāčplēsis

Contemporary background
The work was written during the Latvian national awakening. At this time a popular belief around Europe was that a Nation can be defined by the fact that it has a National epic while the Nations East of the Baltic sea were left without one. Finns wrote their epic Kalevala in 1835, Estonians published their Kalevipoeg 1857-1861. There were several attempts create a Latvian National Epic which were finally realized by the poet and military man Andrejs Pumpurs and released during the 3rd Latvian Song Festival on 1888. Unlike in the Finnish and Estonian text no original folk song are used in the Latvian story, but it's heavily based on Latvian folklore. By this time it was already considered to be an anachronism, but still amongst the people it became the National epic.

From the time of the Northern Crusades in the early 13th century, most of the land in the Baltic governorates was owned by nobles descended from the German invaders. In 1863, the Russian authorities issued laws to enable Latvians, who formed the bulk of the population, to acquire the farms which they held, and special banks were founded to help them. By this means, some occupants bought their farms, but the great mass of the population remained landless, and lived as hired laborers, occupying a low position in the social scale. This was the situation prevailing at the time of writing – thus, the strongly negative presentation of these German invaders had clear contemporary implications for the writer's own time.

Scholarship suggests that the legendary hero Lāčplēsis mirrors similar tales of strong men born of animals and who go on adventures. These tales are classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale types ATU 650A, "Strong John" and AT 301B, "Jean de l'Ours" or "John The Bear". Indeed, according to professor Valters Nollendorfs, the author "utilized legends and folklore motifs" to compose the poem.

Cultural impact
It is known to be one of the most influential works of Latvian culture. Interpretations of the story keep appearing frequently.

Based on the story at the revolutionary context of the revolution of 1905 Rainis issued a symbolic play Uguns un Nakts (Fire and Night). There he focuses on the relationships of Lāčplēsis and Spīdola where Lāčplēsis is the symbol of strength and Spīdola the symbol of wisdom, beauty and change. While Spīdola is in love with Lāčplēsis he decides to stay with Laimdota the symbol of Latvia. Still after Lāčplēsis falls into Daugava during the battle Spīdola promises to follow him and help him in the battle, giving hope for Latvians for a soon freedom.

During the Latvian war of independence the battles between Latvian and German troops under the command of Bermondt-Avalov were compared with the battle between Lāčplēsis and the Black knight. The decisive victory of Latvians happened on November 11 next to the River Daugava where it was promised in the epic and ever since it is called the day of the Bear Slayer. 1930 a movie named Lāčplēsis was made which is called to be the first big Latvian movie. It draws parallels between mythical world of Lāčplēsis and the Latvian war of independence.

The play Uguns and Nakts was frequently played during the Soviet occupation. Unlike the Soviet propaganda had intended it to show the battle between Latvians and Germans, the Latvian society started to identify the Crusaders with the Soviets. In 1988 the rock opera Lāčplēsis was performed more than 40 times, becoming one of the turning point of the 3rd Latvian National Awakening. Using the mythological narrative it depicted the occupation of Latvia, work of KGB, russification, the destruction of Christianity in Latvia etc. A memorable moment in the rock opera happened on the bewitched island where Lāčplēsis turned people who had turned into rock back into human flesh. Many saw this as a moment where people were wakened up from the Soviet sleep they were placed by the Soviet regime. A big emphasis in the rock opera was put on the ears of Lāčplēsis, in the final Lāčplēsis sings to the Latvians to call for him, he still has language and a word, but call for him even louder.

title: Lāčplēsis


text:
North American NA-16

The North American Aviation NA-16 was the first trainer aircraft built by North American Aviation, and was the beginning of a line of closely related North American trainer aircraft that would eventually number more than 17,000 examples, notably the T-6 Texan family.

Design and development

On 10 December 1934, James Howard "Dutch" Kindelberger, John L. "Lee" Atwood, and H.R. Raynor sketched out the specifications for the NA-16. A key characteristic for the advanced trainer was a closed canopy.

The NA-16 is a family of related single-engine, low-wing monoplanes with tandem seating. Variants could have an open cockpit (the prototype and the NA-22) or be under a glass greenhouse that covered both cockpits. On some variants, the rear of the canopy could be opened for a gunner to fire to the rear. A variety of air-cooled radial engines, including the Wright Whirlwind, Pratt & Whitney Wasp and Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior of varying horsepowers, could be installed depending on customer preferences. The fuselage was built up from steel tubes and normally fabric covered; however, later versions were provided with aluminum monocoque structures.

During the development of the design, a six-inch stretch was made by moving the rudder post aft. Many versions had a fixed landing gear, but later versions could have retractable gear, mounted in a widened wing center section (which could have either integral fuel tanks or not). Most had a straight trailing edge on the outer wing while again, some had the wing trailing edge swept forward slightly in an attempt to fix a problem with stalls and spins. Several different rudders were used, with early examples having a round outline, intermediate examples having a square bottom on the rudder (Harvard I) and late examples using the triangular rudder of the AT-6 series, due to a loss of control at high angles of attack with the early types. Horizontal and vertical tails were initially covered in corrugated aluminum, but later examples were smooth-skinned, and the horizontal stabilizer was increased in chord near its tips on later versions.

The NA-16 flew for the first time on 1 April 1935, by Eddie Allen. An enclosed cockpit version of the NA-16 was submitted to the United States Army Air Corps for performance tests as a basic trainer on 27 May 1935. The Army accepted the trainer for production but with some detail changes, including a larger engine and faired landing gear modifications. The modified NA-16 was redesignated by North American as the NA-18, with production examples entering Air Corps service as the North American BT-9 (NA-19). The U.S. Army Air Corps ordered 42 BT-9s, equipped with the Wright R-975 Whirlwind engine, and 40 BT-9As, which could be armed with .30 cal. Browning M-1 machine guns. In 1936, an order was placed for 117 BT-9Bs, without armament. A total of 67 BT-9Cs (NA-29) were built, using the same R-975-7 engine. Similar aircraft continued to be sold outside the U.S. under the NA-16 designation.

By the time of the U.S. entry into WWII, the NAF had built 1631 N-16 series aircraft. Of that total, 1043 were for foreign countries, while the remainder were for the U.S. Army Air Corps and Navy.

Foreign developments
The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation produced 755 units of a modified version of the NA-16-2K (NA-33) known there as the Wirraway between 1939 and 1946. The units built included 40 CA-1s (Wirraway I), 60 CA-3s, 32 CA-5s, 100 CA-7s, 200 CA-8s, 188 CA-9s, and 135 CA-16s. The CA-16s were called the Wirraway IIIs, while previous models were called Wirraway IIs.
 * Australia

Experience with the NA-16-4P and deteriorating political relations with the US led to the local development of the I.Ae. D.L. 21, which shared the NA-16 fuselage structure; however it proved too difficult to produce. As a result of this, an entirely new design (the I.Ae. D.L. 22) was built instead; it had similar configuration, but was structurally different and optimized to available materials.
 * Argentina

The NA-16-4RW and NA-16-4R inspired the development of the Kyushu K10W when the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kyushu to develop something similar. The resulting aircraft owed little to the NA-16, however Allied Intelligence saw so few examples that the error was not corrected and some drawings show a modified NA-16.
 * Japan

Variants

Listing includes aircraft built specifically under NA-16 designation for export, and similar aircraft built for use by the United States armed forces.

 * NA-16
 * One for United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) (trials) developed into NA-18 and BT-9 series.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

When the North American NA-16 was first conceived, five different roles were intended for the design, designated NA-16-1 thru NA-16-5:
 * NA-16-1:General purpose two-seat aircraft - which became the Harvard I
 * NA-16-2K:Two-seat fighter - produced under licence in Australia as the CAC Wirraway.
 * NA-16-3:Two-seat light attack bomber. The first aircraft in this category was the retractable gear NA-26 which evolved into the NA-36 (BC-1). The fabric-covered fuselage was replaced by an all-metal monocoque to create the NA-44, which provided the basis for a line of light attack bombers whose improvements would result in the AT-6.
 * NA-16-4:Advanced trainer - became the BT-9 for the USAAC and which provided the bulk of early production. The improvement of the BT-9 with a longer metal skinned fuselage as on the NA-44 would create the NA-64 (Yale) and improved wings would result in the BT-14.
 * NA-16-5:Single-seat fighter - although this designation was never used, it became the NA-50 for Peru, and later the NA-68, which saw limited USAAF service as the P-64.

 * BT-9 (NA-19)
 * 42 built for USAAC 	- Minor changes from NA-18, new canopy
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * BT-9A (NA-19A)
 * 40 built for USAAC 	- Armed BT-9 with one cowl gun, one rear flexible gun and modified canopy.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-2H (NA-20)
 * One built for trials, sold to Honduras (FAH)
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-22
 * One built for USAAC trials but rejected as severely underpowered. Open cockpits as per early NA-16 and Townend ring on engine.
 * powered by Wright R-760 Whirlwind

 * BT-9B (NA-23)
 * 117 built for USAAC - Unarmed with fixed rear on canopy.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * BT-9D (NA-23)
 * One modified BT-9B for USAAC - BT-14 prototype with new outer wings, Harvard type canopy, lengthened fabric covered fuselage, triangular rudder and detail alterations.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior

 * NA-16-3 Basic Combat demonstrator (NA-26)
 * One armed demonstrator and the first variant with retractable undercarriage, eventually sold to RCAF who modified it with Yale and Harvard parts.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-2H (NA-27)
 * One armed demonstrator sold to Royal Netherlands Air Force - not the same as the previous NA-16-2H.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NJ-1 (NA-28)
 * 40 built to US Navy specifications, up engined BT-9B as advanced trainer with fixed gear.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * BT-9C (NA-29)
 * 66 built for USAAC - BT-9A with minor changes.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * Y1BT-10 (NA-29)
 * One built for USAAC - BT-9 with larger engine, similar to USN NJ-1 but armed and detail differences in engine installation.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * BT-10 (NA-30)
 * Cancelled production version of Y1BT-10 for USAAC
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-4M (NA-31)
 * 138 built for Sweden's Flygvapnet as Sk 14/Sk 14A. Sk 14N trialled nosewheel for SAAB 21.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind (Sk 14) or Piaggio P VII C (Sk 14A)

 * NA-16-1A (NA-32)
 * One built for Royal Australian Air Force but rejected in favour of NA-16-2K, fixed landing gear, similar to Y1BT-10.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-2K (NA-33)
 * 756 for Royal Australian Air Force in Australia with local improvements as CAC Wirraway
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-4P (NA-34)
 * 29 built for Argentina (Army Aviation) - 1st major export order (previous orders involved licence production).
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-4R (NA-37)
 * One built for Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology demonstrator KXA-1 with fixed u/c and three-blade prop.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior

 * NA-16-4 (NA-41)
 * 35 built for China (RoCAF) - Fixed gear, fabric covered fuselage
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-2A (NA-42)
 * Two built for Honduras (FAH)
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-1G (NA-43)
 * Intended for Brazil (Army) but order cancelled. Was to have been similar to BT-9C
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-44
 * Armed company demonstrator sold to Canada. Designation reused for AT-6s sold to Brazil (NA-72) and Chile (NA-74).
 * powered by Wright R-1820 Cyclone.

 * NA-16-1GV (NA-45)
 * Three built for Venezuela (FAV) similar to USAAC NA-36 BC-1 but with round rudder and bomb racks under wing center section.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-4 (NA-46)
 * 12 built for Brazilian Navy
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-4RW (NA-47)
 * One built for Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology demonstrator KXA-2 similar to NA-16-4R but smaller engine.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-3C (NA-48)
 * 15 built for China (RoCAF) - Retractable undercarriage, fabric covered fuselage
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-1E (NA-49/NA-61)
 * 430 for Royal Air Force and Royal Canadian Air Force as the Harvard I with new canopy and square rudder. Also used by South Africa and Southern Rhodesia.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-16-4 (NA-56)
 * 50 built for China (RoCAF) - Entirely new design with longer metal fuselage, triangular rudder and later T-6 style wing. Basically a BT-14 with the AT-6s R-1340 engine and canopy.
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * NA-57
 * 230 improved NA-23s for France as NAA 57-P-2, most captured and used by Germany, some retained by Vichy France.
 * powered by Wright R-975 Whirlwind

 * NA-16-3 (NA-71)
 * Three built for Venezuela (FAV)
 * powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp

 * I.Ae. D.L. 21
 * An Argentinian version incorporating the NA-16-1 fuselage with locally designed wings. Rejected in favour of the I.Ae. 22 DL, an original design from the Fabrica Militar de Aviones (FMA).

Operators

 * Army Aviation Service
 * Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) (samples for licence production)
 * Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil)
 * Republic of China Air Force (RoCAF)
 * French Air Force (Armée de l'Air)
 * French Naval Aviation (Aéronavale)
 * Vichy France
 * Vichy French Air Force
 * Nazi Germany
 * Luftwaffe
 * Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Hondureña/FAH)
 * Empire of Japan
 * Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service(IJNAS) (2 examples for evaluation only)
 * Royal Netherlands Air Force (Koninklijke Luchtmacht/KLu)
 * 🇿🇦 South Africa
 * South African Air Force (SAAF)
 * Southern Rhodesia
 * Southern Rhodesian Air Force (SRAF)
 * Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet)
 * Royal Air Force (RAF)
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * United States Army Air Corps (USAAC)/United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
 * United States Navy (USN)
 * Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana/FAV)
 * Southern Rhodesian Air Force (SRAF)
 * Swedish Air Force (Flygvapnet)
 * Royal Air Force (RAF)
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * United States Army Air Corps (USAAC)/United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
 * United States Navy (USN)
 * Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana/FAV)
 * United States Navy (USN)
 * Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana/FAV)
 * Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana/FAV)

Surviving aircraft

 * The only intact surviving example of an American built NA-16 is the NA-16-2A/NA-20 "FAH-21" displayed at the Honduran Aviation Museum at Toncontín.
 * A Swedish NA-16-4M (locally designated as Sk 14) was built from an ex-RAAF CAC Wirraway (s/n A20-223) with additional parts from an ex-RCAF North American NA-64 Yale and is on display at the Swedish Air Force Museum.
 * The CAC Wirraway (originally NA-16-2K) was first modified to British standards and equipment, then later models diverged further from the NA-16 in minor details such as the fitting of dive brakes etc. The sole surviving CA-1 Wirraway is A20-10, the 8th production Wirraway, effectively a licence built NA-16-2K, and held at the Australian National Aviation Museum. Ten Wirraways are on the Australian civil aircraft register. Further examples (in Australia unless noted) are at Temora Aviation Museum, Australian National Aviation Museum, Aviation Heritage Museum, Museum of Victoria, Queensland Air Museum, RAAF Museum (Stored) and the Fantasy of Flight (Florida - stored).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: North American NA-16


text:
User talk:Tutti alla mossa

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User talk:Whatdoitypehere

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

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User talk:Eggoeater

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

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Edit summary
Hello. Please remember to always provide an edit summary. Thanks and happy editing. Mrtea (talk) 21:39, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

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Leonard Stone

Leonard Stone (born Leonard Steinbock; November 3, 1923 – November 2, 2011 ) was an American character actor who played supporting roles in over 120 television shows and 35 films.

Early life
Stone was born in Salem, Oregon. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Mike Steinbock, he was a graduate of Salem High School. He majored in speech and drama at Willamette University, graduating cum laude.

Military service
He was a midshipman during training with the U.S. Navy, going on to serve as "skipper on a minesweeper in Japanese waters".

Stage
Stone started his career as a young actor studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London He performed in the West End, on Broadway, and toured the world. He traveled for eight years in Australia and New Zealand with the musical South Pacific.

In 1959, he won the Tony Award for Best Supporting Actor in Redhead, a Bob Fosse musical. He also was in the Tony Award-nominated cast of Look Homeward, Angel in 1957, which premiered at the Ethel Barrymore Theater in New York. The play, based on the Thomas Wolfe novel, won the Pulitzer Prize.

Film and television
One of Stone's more notable film roles came in 1971, when he played Mr. Beauregarde, the father of Golden Ticket winner Violet Beauregarde (played by Denise Nickerson), in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. He was the last surviving adult character who toured the factory in the movie, but Diana Sowle, who played Mrs. Bucket, was still alive at the time of his death. In 1973's Soylent Green, he played Charles, the manager of the building where the murdered character portrayed by Joseph Cotten lived.

In 1956, Stone appeared in a minor role as a crew member on the RMS Titanic in a TV adaptation of Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember.

He was the bartender in The Shakiest Gun in the West (1968), and a congressman in The Man (1972), which starred James Earl Jones as the first Black president of the United States. He appeared in the Jerry Lewis vehicle The Big Mouth in 1967. Other films he appeared in include The Mugger (1958), A Man Called Dagger (1968), Angel in My Pocket (1969), Zig Zag (1970), Getting Straight (1970), I Love My Wife (1970), Mame (1974), and The Man from Independence (1974).

Stone appeared in the TV movies The Ghost of Sierra de Cobra (1964), A Step Out of Line (1971), Terror in the Sky (1971), Beg, Borrow or Steal (1973), The Runaways (1975), The Girl in the Empty Grave (1977), The Other Side of Hell (1978), Zuma Beach (1978), See Arnold Run (2005), and Surrender, Dorothy (2006).

Between 1961 and 1985, Stone appeared in dozens of popular American television series, including Peter Gunn, The Untouchables, Gunsmoke (five times), The Rifleman (twice), The Defenders, The Real McCoys (twice), The Outer Limits, Dr. Kildare (twice), McHale's Navy, Rawhide (twice), The F.B.I., The Doris Day Show, The High Chaparral, Lost in Space (twice), Gomer Pyle: USMC (twice), Dragnet 1967 (five times), The Partridge Family, Nanny and the Professor, Mod Squad, The Virginian, Love, American Style (twice), The Waltons, Mission: Impossible (three times), Adam-12, Barney Miller (five times), Hawaii Five-O, Ironside (three times), Kojak, Mannix (four times), Police Story (twice), Cannon, The Blue Knight, The Bob Newhart Show, Sanford and Son, M*A*S*H, Eight Is Enough, The Six Million Dollar Man, All in the Family, The Dukes of Hazzard, General Hospital, One Day at a Time, Quincy M.E. (four times), Cagney & Lacey, Alice (four times), Night Court, Hill Street Blues (twice), Falcon Crest (three times), Simon & Simon, and L.A. Law (10 times).

In 1961 and 1962, Stone was cast twice in different roles on The Real McCoys in the episodes "Money from Heaven" and "You Can't Beat the Army". Between 1962 and 1966, Stone made four guest appearances on Perry Mason, including his season-six, 1962 role as murderer Jerel Leland in "The Case of the Hateful Hero".

Stone played Farnum the Great in two episodes of Lost in Space (1965-1968).. He appeared twice on The Donna Reed Show, as Mr. Trestle in "The Good Guys and the Bad Guys" (1961) and as Harlan Carmody, Jr., in "Joe College" (1965). In the 1965–1966 season, he appeared as Doc Joslyn on Camp Runamuck. In 1967, he had the role of Judge Gilroy in Cimarron Strip. In 1971, Stone appeared as Tom Wagner on The Men from Shiloh (rebranded name for The Virginian) in the episode titled "The Town Killer".

Between 1988 and 1994, he was cast as Judge Paul Hansen in 10 episodes of L.A. Law.

On September 22, 2000, he appeared on an episode of Wheel of Fortune.

Stone's final role came in 2006 at the age of 83, when he played a minor character in the TV movie Surrender Dorothy.

Death
Stone died on November 2. 2011, in Encinitas, California, just one day before his 88th birthday, after suffering a brief bout with cancer.

Filmography

 * The Mugger (1958) as Jim Kelly
 * Return to Peyton Place (1961) as Steve Swanson (uncredited)
 * Toys in the Attic (1963) as Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
 * Shock Treatment (1964) as Psychiatrist (uncredited)
 * The Big Mouth (1967) as Fong
 * A Man Called Dagger (1968) as Karl Rainer
 * The Shakiest Gun in the West (1968) as Bartender (uncredited)
 * Angel in My Pocket (1969) as Paul Gresham
 * Zig Zag (1970) as Jim Harris
 * Getting Straight (1970) as Lysander
 * I Love My Wife (1970) as Dr. Neilson
 * Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) as Sam Beauregarde
 * Terror in the Sky (1971) as Harry Burdick
 * The Man (1972) as Congressman Parmel
 * Soylent Green (1973) as Charles
 * Mame (1974) as Stage Manager
 * The Man from Independence (1974) as Werner
 * Hardly Working (1980) as Ted Mitchell
 * American Pop (1981) as Leo Stern (voice)
 * Nankyoku Monogatari (1983) as Narrator
 * See Arnold Run (2005) as Warren Buffett
 * Surrender Dorothy (2006) as Neighbor

Television

 * The Rifleman (1960-1962) as Gambler/K.C. Peters
 * The Untouchables (1961) as Louis Manzak
 * The Real McCoys (1961-1962) as Lieutenant/Captain Lewis
 * Perry Mason (1962-1966) as Various Roles
 * The Outer Limits (1963) as Dr. Phillip Gainer
 * Dr. Kildare (1963-1964) as Fred Payson
 * Gunsmoke (1963-1974) as Various Roles
 * Rawhide (1964-1965) as Sorry Brownstead/Leroy Means
 * Mission: Impossible (1966-1972) as Various Roles
 * The F.B.I. (1967) as Harry Palmer
 * The Virginian (1971) as Tom Wagner
 * The Waltons (1972) as George Anderson
 * Sanford and Son (1972-1976) as Otto/Mr. Grayson
 * Hawaii Five-O (1973) as Herman Stein
 * The Six Million Dollar Man (1974) as Lt. Tanner
 * The Bob Newhart Show (1976) as Dr. Ned Podbillion
 * M*A*S*H (1977) as Colonel Bidwell
 * The Dukes of Hazzard (1980) as Greg
 * Barney Miller (1981) as Mr. Lun
 * General Hospital (1982) as Packy/Packie/Packey(sp)
 * Falcon Crest (1983-1985) as Harrison Albright/Judge Carl Fuller
 * L.A. Law (1988-1994) as Judge Paul Hansen
 * Days of Our Lives (1990) as Judge Randolph
 * Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005) as Canyon Guide (voice)

title: Leonard Stone


text:
User talk:Estranged zibidi

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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Image:Zibidilogo.gif listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Zibidilogo.gif, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. KWH 03:03, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Estranged zibidi


text:
File:COTN album cover.jpg

Fair use rationale for Creatures of the Night
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: Strangerer (Talk) 09:25, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover.
 * 2) The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * 3) The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original CD album.
 * 4) It illustrates educational articles about the album from which the cover illustration was taken.
 * 5) The image is used as the primary means of visual identification of topics in the article
 * 6) It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.

title: File:COTN album cover.jpg


text:
User talk:Lopeztoonen

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Lopeztoonen


text:
User:Bishonen/School IP box

 * That is a good idea actually. I have to deal with immature kids at my school who think it's funny to harrass and vandalise on the school's ip. I'm almost never able to edit without logging in anymore as once it is unblocked, it is blocked again in a few days. =( My school's ip address is user:207.177.118.2

Jake Larsen 19:27, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Bishonen/School IP box