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Trent Harris

Trent Harris (born June 9, 1952) is an American independent filmmaker based in Salt Lake City, Utah. In 2013, Indiewire proclaimed Harris "The Best Underground Filmmaker You Don’t Know — But Should."

Harris' films have been featured at various festivals and museums worldwide, including renowned venues like Sundance, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the British Film Institute in London, the Edinburgh Film Festival, the Museum of Modern Art in Vienna Austria, Les Laboratories in Aubervilliers France, The Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco, and the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley.

Career
Harris taught film and screenwriting classes at the University of Utah and worked as a documentarian and television journalist. He wrote and directed six feature films, many experimental movies, and more than one hundred documentaries for PBS, National Geographic, NBC, and others.

In 1991, he wrote and directed the comedy Rubin and Ed, in which Crispin Glover and Howard Hesseman wander the desert looking for a suitable place to bury a frozen cat.

In 2001 he released The Beaver Trilogy, a compilation film that documents his obsession with a man called Groovin' Gary (Richard Griffiths). The Beaver Trilogy features Sean Penn and Crispin Glover as Groovin' Gary in part two and part three, respectively. The Los Angeles Critics Association awarded Harris "Best Independent Experimental Film," was listed by the London Guardian as one of ”Fifty Lost Masterpieces,” and hit the "Top Ten" list of Art Forum Magazine. At AFI, Harris twice filmed fictionalized versions of Groovin’ Gary's story, renaming his protagonist Larry Huff.

In 2012, he finished the feature film, Luna Mesa which stars Richard Dutcher and Alex Caldiero.

In 2015, he was the subject of a documentary called Beaver Trilogy Part IV, narrated by Bill Hader, which examined his The Beaver Trilogy film and his relationship with its star, Richard Griffiths.

Harris' web series Echo People is a spin-off of Rubin and Ed.

Harris has written three books: The Wild Goose Chronicles, Fate Is A Hairy Rodent, and Mondo Utah.

Filmmaking Style
Harris compares his style to two directors, Michelangelo Antonioni and Ed Wood.

Feature films

 * Rubin and Ed (1991)
 * Plan 10 from Outer Space (1994)
 * The Beaver Trilogy (2001)
 * Delightful Water Universe (2008)
 * Luna Mesa (2012)
 * Welcome to the Rubber Room (2017)

title: Trent Harris


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Carpinus caroliniana

Carpinus caroliniana, the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood understory tree in the genus Carpinus. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and southern Ontario east to Maine, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. It also grows in Canada (southwest Quebec and southeast Ontario). It occurs naturally in shaded areas with moist soil, particularly near the banks of streams or rivers, and is often a natural constituent understory species of the riverine and maritime forests of eastern temperate North America.

Description
Carpinus caroliniana (American hornbeam) is a small tree reaching heights of 6 –, and often has a fluted and crooked trunk. The bark is smooth and greenish-grey, becoming shallowly fissured in all old trees. The leaves are alternate, 3 – long, with prominent veins giving a distinctive corrugated texture, and a serrated margin. The male and female catkins appear in spring at the same time as the leaves. The fruit is a small 7 – long nut, partially surrounded by a three- to seven-pointed leafy involucre 2 – long; it matures in autumn. The seeds often do not germinate till the spring of the second year after maturating.

 * Bark: On old trees near the base, furrowed. Young trees and branches smooth, dark bluish gray, sometimes furrowed, light and dark gray.  Branchlets at first pale green, changing to reddish brown, ultimately dull gray.
 * Wood: Light brown, sapwood nearly white; heavy, hard, close-grained, very strong. Used for levers, handles of tools.  Specific gravity, 0.7286; density 45.41 lb/cuft.
 * Winter buds: Ovate, acute, chestnut brown, 1/8 in long. Inner scales enlarge when spring growth begins.  No terminal bud is formed.
 * Leaves: Alternate, two to four inches long, ovate-oblong, rounded, wedge-shaped, or rarely subcordate and often unequal at base, sharply and doubly serrate, acute or acuminate. They come out of the bud pale bronze green and hairy; when full grown they are dull deep green above, paler beneath; feather-veined, midrib and veins very prominent on under side.  In autumn bright red, deep scarlet and orange. Petioles short, slender, hairy.  Stipules caducous.
 * Flowers: April. Monoecious, without petals, the staminate spike naked in pendulous catkins (aments).  The staminate ament buds are axillary and form in the autumn. During the winter they resemble leaf-buds, only twice as large. They begin to lengthen very early in the spring, and when full grown are about 1+1/2 in long.  The staminate flower is composed of three to twenty stamens crowded on a hairy torus, adnate to the base of a broadly ovate, acute boot-shaped scale, green below the middle, bright red at apex.  The pistillate aments are one-half to three-fourths of an inch long with ovate, acute, hairy, green scales and bright scarlet styles.
 * Fruit: Clusters of involucres, hanging from the ends of leafy branches. Each involucre slightly encloses a small oval nut.  The involucres are short stalked, usually three-lobed, though one lobe is often wanting; halberd-shaped, coarsely serrated on one margin, or entire.

Subdivisions
There are two subspecies, which intergrade extensively where they meet:
 * Carpinus caroliniana subsp. caroliniana. Atlantic coastal plain north to Delaware, and lower Mississippi Valley west to eastern Texas. Leaves mostly smaller, 3 – long, and relatively broader, 3 – broad.
 * Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana. Appalachian Mountains and west to Minnesota and south to Arkansas. Leaves mostly larger, 8 – long, and relatively narrower, 3.5 – broad.

Ecology
They are shade-loving trees, preferring moderate soil fertility and moisture. It has a shallow, wide-spreading root system. The leaves are eaten by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera, for example the Io moth (Automeris io).

Common along the borders of streams and swamps, loves a deep moist soil. Varies from shrub to small tree, and ranges throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.

Deer browse the foliage and twigs, while game birds eat the nutlets.

Uses
The wood is heavy and hard, and is used for tool handles, longbows, walking sticks, walking canes and golf clubs.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carpinus caroliniana


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User:Fadix/List of Armenian concentration camps

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 85%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: middle;" ! Name of the camp ! Type of camp ! Operation time ! Estimated number of deaths

 * Bozanti
 * Transit camp
 * Summer, 1915 - Autumn, 1915
 * align="center" | *
 * align="center" | *

 * Mamoura
 * Concentration camp
 * Summer, 1915 - Autumn, 1915
 * align="center" | *****
 * align="center" | *****

 * Islahiye
 * Concentration camp
 * August, 1915 - beginning of, 1916
 * align="center" | ******
 * align="center" | ******

 * Amanus tunnels
 * Work camp
 * May, 1916 - June, 1916
 * align="center" | ***
 * align="center" | ***

 * Radjo
 * Concentration camp
 * Autumn, 1915 - Spring, 1916
 * align="center" | ***
 * align="center" | ***

 * Katma
 * Concentration camp
 * Autumn, 1915 - Spring, 1916
 * align="center" | **
 * align="center" | **

 * Azaz
 * Concentration camp
 * Autumn, 1915 - Spring, 1916
 * align="center" | *
 * align="center" | *

 * Bab
 * Concentration camp
 * October, 1915 - Spring, 1916
 * align="center" | ***
 * align="center" | ***

 * Akhterim
 * Concentration camp
 * October, 1915 - Spring, 1916
 * align="center" | ***
 * align="center" | ***

 * Lale and Tefridje
 * Concentration camp
 * December, 1915 - Febuary, 1916
 * align="center" | *
 * align="center" | *

 * Mounboudj
 * Concentration camp
 * Autumn, 1915 - Febuary, 1916
 * align="center" |
 * align="center" |


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Royal Almonry

The Royal Almonry is a small office within the Royal Households of the United Kingdom, headed by the Lord High Almoner, an office dating from 1103. The almoner is responsible for distributing alms to the poor.

The Lord High Almoner is usually a diocesan bishop or high cleric of the Church of England. The current holder of the office is the Bishop of Worcester, the Right Reverend John Inge. There is also an hereditary Grand Almoner, an office dating from 1685 and vested in the person of the Marquess of Exeter, but this is not an office of the Royal Almonry and he has no role to play. The actual work of the office is undertaken by the Sub-Almoner (currently Paul Wright), who is also the Deputy Clerk of the Closet of the Ecclesiastical Household, Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal, and Domestic Chaplain at Buckingham Palace.

There are in addition a Secretary, and Assistant Secretary, both offices of which are shared with other Royal Household appointments. There are also half a dozen wandsmen.

The Almonry is responsible to the Keeper of the Privy Purse for the arrangements for the annual Maundy service.

Lord High Almoners

 * Henry III (1216)
 * John Leukenor, Knight Templar
 * 1233: Brother John and Brother Geoffrey (to 1239)
 * 1255–unknown: Simon of Offam
 * 1256–unknown: John of Colchester
 * 1257: John the Chaplain
 * Edward I (1272)
 * Friar Ralph
 * c.1280–1307: Master Henry of Blunsdon
 * Edward II (1307)
 * c.1323: Adam de Brome
 * Edward III (1327)
 * c.1340: Philip Weston
 * Thomas Hatfield (Bishop of Durham, 1345)
 * Richard II (1377)
 * 1383: William Walsham
 * Henry IV (1399)
 * 1399: Robert Eslakby
 * ? –1413 Earl of Cambridge
 * Henry V (1413)
 * 1413–unknown: James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley
 * Henry VI (1422)
 * 142n–unknown: John Snell
 * ?–1432: John De la Bere (later Bishop of St David's, 1447)
 * 1432–1438: Robert Felton
 * 1438–unknown: Henry Sever, Chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral
 * Edward IV (1461)
 * 1461–?1466: Thomas Wilford
 * ?1466–1468: Thomas Bonyfaunt
 * 1468–1476: John Gunthorpe, Dean of Wells and, until 1478, Archdeacon of Essex
 * 1471: Alexander Legh
 * 1476–1483: Thomas Danet
 * 1483: Walter Felde
 * Richard III (1483)
 * 1483-1485 John Taillour
 * Henry VII (1485)
 * 1485–1495: Christopher Urswick
 * 1495-1497: Richard FitzJames
 * 1497–unknown: Richard Mayew, Bishop of Hereford (died 1516)
 * unknown: Christopher Bainbridge
 * 28 January 1507 - 1509: John Ednam (Edenham)
 * unknown–1509: Thomas Hobbes, Dean of Exeter.
 * Henry VIII (1509); Edward VI (1547); Mary I (1553)
 * 1509–1514: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Archbishop of York (etc.)
 * 1514–unknown: Richard Rawlins, Archdeacon of Huntingdon (later Bishop of St David's), 1523) (died 1528)
 * 1521–unknown: John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln (died 1547)
 * 1523–unknown: Edward Lee (later Archbishop of York, 1531)
 * 1530–unknown: John Stokesley, Bishop of London (died 1539)
 * c.1532–1537: Edward Foxe, Bishop of Hereford, 1535
 * 1537–>1555: Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Rochester (died 1578)
 * Elizabeth I (1558)
 * 1559–1561: William Bill, Master of Trinity
 * 1561–1572: Edmund Guest, Bishop of Rochester.
 * 1576–unknown: John Piers, Bishop of Salisbury, later Archbishop of York. {died 1594)
 * 29 March 1572 – 1591: Edmund Freke, Bishop of Worcester
 * 1591–1594: Richard Fletcher, Bishop of Bristol
 * 1595–unknown: Anthony Watson, Bishop of Chichester (died 1605)
 * James I (1603)
 * 1605–1626: Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop of Chichester, then of Ely
 * 1619–unknown: George Montaigne (or Mountain), Bishop of London (etc.) (died 1628)
 * Charles I (1625)
 * 1626: Francis White, Bishop of Carlisle, then Bishop of Norwich and Bishop of Ely (died 1638)
 * 1632–unknown: Walter Curle, Prelate of the Garter and Bishop of Winchester (died 1647)
 * Commonwealth (1649-1660)
 * Charles II (1660)
 * 1660–1662: Brian Duppa, Bishop of Winchester
 * 1662–1675: Humphrey Henchman, Bishop of Salisbury, then Bishop of London
 * 1675–1684: John Dolben, Bishop of Rochester
 * James II (1685)
 * 1684–1687: Francis Turner, Bishop of Ely
 * 1687: John Leyburn, Vicar Apostolic of England
 * 1687–1689: The Hon Cardinal Philip Howard
 * William III (1689); Anne (1702)
 * 1689–1703: William Lloyd, Bishop of St Asaph, then of Lichfield and Coventry, then of Worcester
 * 1703–1714: John Sharp, Archbishop of York
 * George I (1714); George II (1727)
 * 1714–1715: George Smalridge, Bishop of Bristol
 * 1715–1716: William Wake, Bishop of Lincoln
 * 1716–1718: William Nicolson, Bishop of Carlisle
 * 1718–1723: Richard Willis, Bishop of Gloucester
 * 1723–1743: Lancelot Blackburne, Archbishop of York
 * 1743–1748: Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of Salisbury
 * 1748–1757: Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of York
 * 1757–1761: John Gilbert, Archbishop of York
 * George III (1760); George IV (1820); William IV (1830); Victoria (1837)
 * 1761–1777: The Hon Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York
 * 1777–1808: William Markham, Archbishop of York
 * 1808–1847: The Hon Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York
 * 1847–1870: Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, then of Winchester
 * 1870–1882: The Hon Gerald Wellesley, Dean of Windsor
 * 1882–1906: Lord Alwyne Compton, Bishop of Ely
 * Edward VII (1901); George V (1910)
 * 1906–1933: Joseph Armitage Robinson, Dean of Westminster, then of Wells
 * Edward VIII (1936); George VI (1936); Elizabeth II (1952); Charles III (2022)
 * 1933–1945: Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury
 * 1946–1953: Edward Woods, Bishop of Lichfield
 * 1953–1970: Michael Gresford Jones, Bishop of St Albans
 * 1970–1988: David Say, Bishop of Rochester
 * 1988–1997: John Taylor, Bishop of St Albans
 * 1997–2013: Nigel McCulloch, Bishop of Manchester
 * 2013–present: John Inge, Bishop of Worcester

title: Royal Almonry


text:
Talk:LEON

Open-source CPU?
What's an open source CPU?
 * The VHDL source for the processor is available for free, so if you have an FPGA board you can replicate this processor.
 * The advantage of this Sparc V8-implementation is that it requires a fairly small number of gates.136.163.203.3 14:06, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * So is it directly based on OpenSPARC or SPARC V8? -Mardus (talk) 05:29, 10 November 2011 (UTC)
 * SPARC V8 is a specification, not a chip design. Crispmuncher (talk) 09:36, 10 November 2011 (UTC).

Initialism
What does LEON stand for/mean? Robert K S (talk) 17:36, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

LRR
What's the LRR cache replacement algorithm? --Abdull (talk) 12:54, 26 June 2008 (UTC) I think somebody meant the LRU (least recently used) algorithm. Philippe (talk) 14:25, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
 * No, not LRU. LRR means "least recently replaced" (source: LEON2 xst user's manual, version 1.0.30, section 4.1 on page 24) --141.3.72.169 (talk) 16:38, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

POV?
Serious, this reads exactly the same as the manufacturer's homepage... this article could be made a bit more neutral, couldn't it? 80.140.218.116 (talk) 20:14, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

You won't get much support for your opinion that it is written like an advertisement. They have no money motive since the core is given away for free or almost free. Maybe you misinterpret their pride of creating this CPU as advertising? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.131.5.37 (talk) 04:58, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

In fact, I do agree that this article needs improvement. First, the question if someone makes money from LEON is not relevant for Wikipedia quality standards. Second, Airoflex Gaisler does make money from their LEON cores. You can use it for free under the conditions of the GPL, but you can also pay for a commercial license. Also, please sign your name if you have something to add to the discussion. Philippe (talk) 14:31, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Please clarify SEU objective
Could you clarify this sentence in the history section?

1. Is "manufacture in" a term of art that we could explain for general readers?

2. Also, a naive reading of the sentence seems to suggest that the designers intended to make the process or processor sensitive to SEUs, which the single event upset article suggests that most or all semiconductors are sensitive to single event upsets. Maybe the grammar is unclear. Please add a citation so I can get an alternative perspective on what this objective was, and what steps the designers took to meet this goal.

3. Perhaps we could add a follow-up sentence to explain what part(s) of the "semiconductor process" were modified to account for SEUs.

--Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 08:56, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * In my naive reading, 1. means it is possible to be manufactured in a process that is sensitive to SEUs (which, as you note yourself in 2., most are), as opposed to manufactured in a process using physical radiation-hardening technology, i.e. it's cheaper than (hypothetical) alternative products. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:A62:11AE:AB01:8B67:E592:1AA:9806 (talk) 13:02, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

What built spacecraft have used the various versions of LEON
Triple redundant LEON3 was proposed for Parker Solar Probe, but was it actually used ? This article only seems to mention ESA Schiaparelli, what else has used it ? - Rod57 (talk) 13:20, 3 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:LEON


text:
Rabie Ridge

Rabie Ridge is a township near Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region A of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and is located east of Midrand (adjacent to Tembisa). It is a township formed due to forced removals of the coloured community from Alexandra and is named after Jack Rabie.

Rabie Ridge has a vast majority of people living there which speak different South African languages like Afrikaans, isiZulu, Sesotho and others.

title: Rabie Ridge


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Seok (clan)

Seok (, from a Siberian Turkic word meaning 'bone', e.g. сööк, Kyrgyz and Tuvan сөөк ) is an international term for a clan used in Eurasia from the Middle Asia to the Far East. Seok is usually a distinct member of the community; the name implies that its size is smaller than that of a distinct tribe. It is a term for a clan among the Turkic-speaking people in Siberia, Central Asia, and the Far East.

The term "Seok" designates a distinct ethnical, geographical, or occupational group distinguishable within a community, usually an extract from a separate distinct tribe. Smaller seoks tend to intermarry and dissolve after a few centuries, or a couple of dozens generations, gaining new ethnic names, but still carrying some elements and proscriptions of their parent seok, like the incest restrictions. Larger seoks tend to survive for millennia, carrying their tribal identification and a system of blood and political alliances and enmities. In the Turkic societies, the integrity and longevity of the seoks was based on the blood relations, fed by a permanent alliance of conjugal tribes. After a separation with a conjugal partner caused by a forced migration, which amounts to a communal divorce, a seok would seek and establish a new permanent conjugal partnership, eventually obtaining new cultural, genetical, and linguistical traits, which in ethnological terms constitutes a transition to a new ethnicity.

title: Seok (clan)


text:
Talk:Choi (Korean surname)

move to Choi
I suggest moving this to Choi, which currently redirects to Choe. While Choe IS the correct spelling in RR and MR, this spelling is very rarely used in surnames. For instance, the name Park is the main article even though RR is Bak and MR is Pak. Park is the preferred spelling for most people. Drunkasian 2005-07-30 19:00 (UTC)
 * Fine by me. -- Visviva 02:09, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

kimchi choi?
Is this a joke or genuine? I've never heard/read this before, and the fact that the person's first name is "Kimchi" and the general ridiculousness of the story makes me think this is a joke. Unless someone can point to a reputable source for the story I don't think it belongs on this page. Drunkasian 03:17, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Chinese Chois
Are there many ethnic Chinese people bearing this surname (崔)? Or is this just another case of confusion with Cai? -- Visviva 11:34, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Etymology
Is the etymology of the character correct? I always thought it was just the 山 radical combined with 隹 as a phonetic component. 24.13.236.35 22:44, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Choi (Korean surname)


text: Talk:Seok (clan)

title: Talk:Seok (clan)


text:
Tottori Castle

Tottori Castle (鳥取城) was a Japanese castle located in Tottori, Tottori Prefecture in the San'in Region of western Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1957 with the area under protection expanded in 1987. The Historical Site designation also includes the Taikōganaru (太閤ヶ平) fortification erected by Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the 1581 Siege of Tottori.

History
Tottori Castle was constructed in Inaba Province during the Sengoku period as a yamashiro ("mountain castle") built into the mountain itself, using natural obstacles and defenses to a greater extent than man-made walls. The castle is located to the north the center of modern Tottori on Mount Kyusho, which has steep slopes. It is claimed that in the late 12th century, following the Genpei War, the new Shōgun Minamoto no Yoritomo granted the position of shugo of Inaba Province to Nasu no Yoichi, the hero of the Battle of Yashima. Nasu lost the castle soon afterwards to Kajiwara Kagetoki in a hunting competition. However, the castle in its present form was constructed by the Yamana clan from 1532 to 1555. In the early Muromachi period, the Yamana once held the position of shugo over most of the San'in and the San'yō region, but their hold over Inaba Province itself was weak following the Onin War and the castle was built to counter the increasingly aggressive Amago clan from Izumo, who had seized neighboring Hōki Province from the Yamana and who were now threatening their home province of Tajima. The Amago were defeated by the Mōri clan of Aki Province in 1566 and Inaba Province became a battleground between the Mōri, the remnants of the Amago, and the waning power of the Yamana, who under, Yamana Toyokuni moved clan's main stronghold to Tottori castle from Tenjinyama castle in 1573. The castle fell to the Mōri in 1575; however, by seizing Inaba and parts of Harima Province, the Mōri came into conflict with the rapidly increasing power of Oda Nobunaga. In 1577, Nobunaga dispatched an army under Hashiba Hideyoshi to conquer the Mōri.

Hideyoshi's campaign took several years. In 1577 he first had to suppress revolts at Miki Castle in Harima and Arioka Castle in Settsu Province; he completed his conquest of Tajima Province (with its silver mines) in 1580 and Harima Province in 1581, and persuaded the Nanjō clan (who controlled Hōki Province) and Ukita Naoie (who controlled Mimasaka and Bizen Provinces to defect from the Mōri. In 1581 the Mōri responded by appointing Kikkawa Tsuneie to Tottori Castle with an army of 3000 men. Rather than attack the reputedly impregnable Tottori Castle by frontal assault, Hideyoshi opted for siege warfare. He purchased all available rice and other foodstuffs in Inaba Province for very high prices. He also built a semi-circular 12-kilometer long encampment called the Taikogahira (太閤ヶ平) on three sides of the castle to isolate it from the town and any supplies or reinforcement. With little food and no hope of reinforcement, the castle surrendered after three months and Kikkawa Tsuneie was forced to commit seppuku.

After taking the castle without damage, Hideyoshi assigned it to his general, Miyabe Keihin. However, after his death and the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu reassigned the castle to Ikeda Mitsumasa in 1616. As daimyō of Tottori Domain, which ruled both Inaba and Hōki Provinces, Ikeda Mitsumasa greatly expanded upon and rebuilt Tottori Castle with stone walls and water moats. The mountain areas of the castle, including its original inner bailey were abandoned, but at the lower levels a three-story tenshu was constructed. The castle remained in the hands of a branch of the Ikeda clan to the end of the Edo Period.

Following the Meiji restoration, Tottori Castle was given to the Ministry of the Army in 1873, coming under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Japanese Army's 4th Division. In 1876, the Ministry of the Army decided to dismantle Tottori Castle when Tottori Prefecture was incorporated into Shimane Prefecture, arguing that no castle was needed except in the prefectural capital, Matsue. In 1879, the demolition of Tottori Castle began, though Tottori Prefecture was later re-established in 1881. Little remains of the castle aside from parts of the stone wall and one gate, reinforced with iron and featuring spikes on the outside of the doors to help protect against attackers.The site became a park and grounds for a high school.

Tottori Castle was listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.

The castle ruins are a 30-minute walk from Tottori Station on the JR West San'in Main Line.

title: Tottori Castle


text:
Houston Police Department

The Houston Police Department (HPD) is the primary municipal law enforcement agency serving the City of Houston, Texas, United States and some surrounding areas. With approximately 5,300 officers and 1,200 civilian support personnel it is the fifth-largest municipal police department, serving the fourth-largest city in the United States. Its headquarters are at 1200 Travis in Downtown Houston.

HPD's jurisdiction often overlaps with several other law enforcement agencies, among them the Harris County Sheriff's Office and the Harris County Constable Precincts. HPD is the largest municipal police department in Texas.

Beginnings
Houston was founded by brothers Augustus and John Kirby Allen in 1836 and incorporated as a city the next year, 1837. As the capital city of the Republic of Texas, it quickly grew, and so did the need for a cohesive law enforcement agency. The Houston Police Department was founded in 1841. The first HPD badge issued bore the number "1."

The early part of the 20th century was a time of enormous growth for both Houston and for the Houston Police Department. Due to growing traffic concerns in downtown Houston, the HPD purchased its first automobile in 1910 and created its first traffic squad during that same year. Eleven years later, in 1921, the HPD installed the city's first traffic light. This traffic light was manually operated until 1927, when automatic traffic lights were installed.

As Houston became a larger metropolis throughout the 1930s and 1940s, the HPD found itself growing and acquiring more technology to keep up with the city's fast pace. The first homicide division was established in 1930. During that same year, the HPD purchased newer weapons to arm their officers: standard issue .44 caliber revolvers and two Thompson submachine guns. In 1939, the department proudly presented its first police academy class. The Houston Police Officers Association (HPOA) was created in 1945. This organization later became the Houston Police Officers Union. The first African American woman police officer on the force, Margie Duty, joined the HPD in 1953, starting in the Juvenile Division.

Some historians have asserted that the HPD enforced an oppressive racial system that targeted blacks for harassment and failed to protect the black community during the Jim Crow era. In Race and the Houston Police Department, author and academic Dwight Watson writes that "HPD zealously enforced racial segregation in Houston".

In 1967, a civil rights protest at Texas Southern University turned into what police say was a riot. One officer was killed and nearly 500 students were arrested. It was as a result of these riots that the still-active Community Relations Division was created within the HPD. In 1970, the Helicopter Patrol Division was created with three leased helicopters. That year also marked the department's first purchase of bulletproof vests for their officers. The HPD's first Special Weapons and Tactics squad (SWAT) was formed in 1975.

Modern times
In 1982, the Houston Police Department appointed its first African-American chief of police, Lee P. Brown, who succeeded B.K.Johnson. Brown served as chief from 1982 to 1990 and later became the City of Houston's first African-American mayor in 1998. While Brown was considered a successful chief, he also earned the unflattering moniker "Out of Town Brown" for his many lengthy trips away from Houston during his tenure.

Brown's appointment was controversial from the start. Traditional HPD officers frowned upon Brown because he was an outsider from Atlanta, Georgia where he was the police commissioner; to become the police chief in Houston, an officer has to advance through the rank and file although the "good old boy" culture was prevalent.

The HPD paved a new road again in 1990 when Mayor Kathy Whitmire appointed Elizabeth Watson as the first female chief of police. Elizabeth Watson served from 1990 to 1992 and was followed by Sam Nuchia, who served as police chief from 1992 to 1997. In 1997, Clarence O. Bradford was appointed as chief. In 2002, Bradford was indicted and later acquitted of perjury charges, stemming from an incident in which he allegedly lied under oath about cursing fellow officers.

Since 1992, the Houston City Marshal's division, Houston Airport Police, and Houston Park Police were absorbed into HPD. In early 2004, during Mayor Bill White's first term in office, HPD absorbed the Neighborhood Protection division from the City of Houston Planning Department, which was renamed the Neighborhood Protection Corps in 2005. Annise Parker, Mayor White's successor, moved the Neighborhood Protection Corps into the Department of Neighborhoods when the new city division was established in August 2011 - the NPC was renamed as the Inspections and Public Service division of the Department of Neighborhoods.

Crime laboratory
In November 2002, the CBS local TV station KHOU began broadcasting a multi-part investigation into the accuracy of the HPD Crime Lab's findings. Particularly of interest to the reporters were criminal cases that involved DNA analysis and serological (body fluid) testing. Night after night journalists David Raziq, Anna Werner and Chris Henao presented case after case in which the lab's work was dangerously sloppy or just plain wrong and may have been sending the innocent to prison while letting the guilty go free. As a result of those broadcasts, at the end of the week the Houston Police Department declared they would have a team of independent scientists audit the lab and its procedures. However, the audit's findings were so troublesome that one month later, in mid- December, HPD closed the DNA section of the laboratory. Not only did the audit bolster KHOU's report but also found that samples were contaminated and the lab's files were very poorly maintained. The audit revealed that a section of the lab's roof was leaking into sample-containment areas, lab technicians were seriously undereducated or unqualified for their jobs, samples had been incorrectly tagged, and samples had been contaminated through improper handling. Worse, many people had been convicted and sent to prison based upon the evidence contained in the crime lab. The New York Times asked the question, "Worst Crime Lab in the Country?" in a March 2003 article.

Beginning in early 2003, the HPD Crime Lab began cooperating with outside DNA testing facilities to review criminal cases involving cases or convictions associated with Crime Lab evidence. However, this again came as a result of some prompting investigatory work done by the TV station KHOU. Reporters David Raziq, Anna Werner and Chris Henao got an e-mail from a local mother. She told them that her son, Josiah Sutton, had been tried for rape in 1999 and found guilty based upon HPD Crime Lab testing. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison. So KHOU began to take an intensive look at the Sutton case. Raziq and Werner analyzed the HPD lab's DNA report with the help of DNA expert Bill Thompson of the University of California-Irvine. They found obvious mistakes in the report that the lab should have known about. Not long after that broadcast, the HPD agreed to an immediate retest of the DNA evidence in the Sutton case. Those tests showed the DNA collected in the case did not belong to Sutton. He was released from prison in March 2003 and given a full pardon in 2004.

As a result of the scandal, nine Crime Lab technicians were disciplined with suspensions and one analyst was terminated. However, that analyst was fully reinstated to her previous position in January 2004, less than one month after her December 2003 termination. Many HPD supervisors and Houston residents called for more stringent disciplinary actions against the Crime Lab employees. However, the city panel responsible for disciplining the lab technicians repeatedly resisted these arguments and instead reduced the employees' punishments. Irma Rios was hired in 2003 as Lab Director, replacing Interim Lab Director Frank Fitzpatrick.

In May 2005, the Houston Police Department announced that with much effort and coordination on their part, they had received national accreditation through the American Society of Crime Lab Directors (ASCLD). The ASCLD stated that the lab had met or exceeded standards for accreditation in all areas except DNA. Through independent research and testing, it was determined in January 2006 that of 1,100 samples reviewed, 40% of DNA samples and 23% of blood evidence samples had serious problems. On June 11, 2007, the HPD crime lab reported its DNA section had gained full accreditation from ASCLD.

In the October 6, 2007 The Houston Chronicle published allegations of Employees cheating on an open-book proficiency test.

Safe Clear
The Safe Clear program was implemented by Mayor Bill White on January 1, 2005, as a joint venture between the City of Houston and the Houston Police Department. The intention of the program was to decrease the freeway accidents and traffic jams that occurred due to stalled drivers. Select tow truck companies across the city were authorized to tow a stalled vehicle as soon as possible after being notified by an HPD officer. Persons having their vehicle towed were provided with a Motorist's Bill of Rights and were required to pay a sum to the City of Houston after the towing had taken place.

The program was initially very unpopular among Houston residents. Frequent complaints were that the program unfairly punished lower-income motorists by enforcing a high towing fee and that the program could potentially damage vehicles that required special tow trucks and equipment to be safely towed away. Other complaints were that stranded motorists did not have an option to choose their own garage. The city and the HPD addressed these concerns with program improvements that provided funds to pay for short tows that removed stalled vehicles from the freeway and then allowed drivers to choose their own garage and tow companies once they were safely off the freeway.

Studies released in February 2006 indicate that Safe Clear has been successful during its fledgling year. There were 1,533 fewer freeway accidents in 2005, a decrease of 10.4% since Safe Clear's implementation.

Red light cameras
In December 2004, Chief Hurtt stated that he was looking in to installing red light cameras that would automatically ticket drivers that ran red lights. He had previously overseen the installation of cameras in Oxnard, California, where following the installation, side-impact collisions had decreased by 68 percent. In the same month, the Houston City Council unanimously voted for red light camera enforcement. After, Texas State Representative Gary Elkins (R-TX) introduced legislation to deter Houston from amending its city charter for the red light camera rule to be enforced. After this measure failed in the Texas Senate although in 2005, four intersections in downtown Houston were used as testbeds for red light camera equipment. When a contract was approved, enforcement went online on September 1, 2006. Those running a red light at one of the 50 locations with cameras are fined a $75 civil fine as opposed to a $225 moving violation which goes against the vehicle operator.

There are fifty intersections with red light cameras in the city with cameras (twenty intersections were added where dual cameras were installed). A majority of them are located at a thoroughfare at a freeway intersection - primarily in the Galleria and southwest Houston. During a Houston City Council meeting on 6.11.08, council member James Rodriguez suggested the installation of an additional 200 cameras.

A voter referendum during the 2010 Texas gubernatorial elections to eliminate red-light cameras passed. The referendum that passed in November 2010 was later invalidated by U.S. District Judge Lynn Hughes June 17, 2011 citing that the referendum violated the city charter despite the contract with American Traffic Solutions, which provided the camera equipment. The cameras were expected to be reactivated after midnight on July 24, 2011; plans were underway to have this judicial ruling heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

Mobility Response Team
On July 2, 2007, Mayor Bill White started a new program called the "Mobility Response Team". Staffed by traffic enforcement officers patrol within the loop clearing traffic problems. They report traffic light outages, issue parking citations, help clear and direct traffic around minor accidents, or traffic jams during special events in the area. The duties will only involve surface streets and not the freeways and will be using scooters and police cruisers fitted with yellow flashing lights rather than the typical red and blue lights.

This was part of the mayor's plan to improve mobility in city and is the first of its kind in the United States. The city's mobility response team cost $1.8 million a year to operate.

Overtime and "Hot Spot" patrol concentration
Hurtt spent around $24 million on overtime pay through 2010. That money would continue to bolster an understaffed force as police commanders try to increase their ranks. The overtime that is planned would be about equal to 500,000 police hours of which would help bolster various departments including, vice, Westside patrol and traffic enforcement, among other areas including a new 60-member crime reduction unit that will serve as a citywide tactical squad.

The police chief said the effort will put more officers to work immediately in troubled areas of the city such as Third Ward and Acres Homes, where the bodies of seven women have been found in the past two years.

The crime rate, particularly for violent offenses, since the latter part of 2005, when an influx of hurricane evacuees increased the city's population by more than 100,000, and incidents spiked in certain neighborhoods.

Use of violence by the police
In 2013 Jo DePrang of the Texas Observer wrote that "According to citizens, community activists, a veteran Houston police officer and even the president of the local police union, the scenario of multiple officers beating an unarmed suspect happens nearly every day." From circa 2007-2013 there were 588 times observers reported what they deemed inappropriate "use of force", and the internal affairs division dismissed 584 of them, with the other four being pursued.

Helicopter crash
In the morning of May 2, 2020, HPD's helicopter crashed in an apartment complex in north Houston, killing officer Jason Knox and injuring another.

Organization
The Houston Police Department is headed by a chief of police appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the city council. This position is aided by two executive assistant chiefs, ten assistant chiefs, 44 captains, approximately 220 lieutenants and 900 sergeants. HPD headquarters, 1200 Travis, is in Downtown Houston. The current acting Chief of Police is Larry Satterwhite.

HPD divides the city into 13 patrol divisions. Each division is divided into one or more districts and each district is divided further into one or more beats. Stations are operated and staffed 24 hours a day. HPD also operates 29 store front locations throughout the city. These store fronts are not staffed 24 hours a day, and generally open at either 7:00 or 8:00 AM, and close at 5:00 PM. Downtown Houston is patrolled by the Downtown Division, and the Houston Airport System facilities have their own divisions.

A map of all stations and store front locations can be found at the HPD web site.

The Houston Police Department administrative offices and investigative offices are at 1200 Travis in Downtown Houston. The 61 Riesner site houses the HPD central patrol office, the municipal jail, and the transportation department. The 33 Artesian facility houses the communication and maintenance facilities. In December 2013 the city announced that it has plans to build a new headquarters for HPD and the city courts. By the end of 1989 the police department had established 19 storefronts and planned to open 10 additional storefronts in 1990.

Patrol vehicles
As of 2015, the department uses a large number of Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors as their main fleet of patrol vehicles which was first ordered in 1996 replacing the Chevrolet Caprice 9C1 (used between 1988 and in patrol service until 2004 (replacing the Ford LTD Crown Victoria squads to 1987 along with M-bodied Mopars (primarily the Plymouth Gran Fury (both R and M platform) last used in 1989)). They have Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor models from dating from 1999 to 2011. Since Ford no longer produces the "crown Vic" (procurement of the Crown Vic ended in April 2011 when the orders were filled), The department has chosen to phase in the Chevy Tahoe PPV and Ford Police Interceptor Utility (Explorer) as the successor to the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor. The department is continuing to test new Chevy Caprice PPV models and Ford Taurus Interceptors (including the fifth-generation Explorer) as well - the test mules as of 2015 have been integrated into the mainstream vehicle fleet. It also uses pickup trucks from the Big Three, such as the Chevrolet Colorado, Ford F150, and Dodge Ram for their Truck Enforcement Unit. There is also a small fleet of Dodge Chargers and Chevrolet Camaros, which are mainly used as "stealth traffic patrol vehicles" (which is part of the Traffic Enforcement division). The stealth vehicles are plain white police cars with a slicktop roof and gray, reflective "HOUSTON POLICE" graphics on the side as well as on the front bumper, and hidden emergency lights that are driven by uniformed officers. The Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor is also used in this manner - as of late 2011 the stealth patrol vehicles are now painted black. The stealth squads have been supplemented with 14 Ford Taurus Police Interceptors in early 2014 (painted black). Solo (motorcycle) officers use Harley-Davidson motorcycles. The patrol vehicle livery, painted white with blue lettered graphics dating back to 1999 (which replaced the Columbia Blue livery last used in 1998 and retired a decade later), is being phased out for a black and white color scheme where 100 vehicles are painted from $60,000 earmarked from asset forfeiture funds (under HPD policy the previous livery is still used in service until official retirement). HPD squads are usually retired when the vehicle reaches 100,000 miles (they are not reassigned to reserve or secondary duty as with the Austin or San Antonio PD after 80,000 miles) - some squads dating over 10 model years old which are no longer used for patrol duty are usually reassigned either as bait squads (HPD will park an unmanned squad in a high crime area or illegal dumping site) or the Mobility Response Division - the older HPD fleet used by Mobility Response have been retired and replaced with Ford F150 extended cab pickup trucks from the Truck Enforcement Unit. Around 2016 the Houston Chronicle revealed that some of the older squads are still in service but the breakdown rate has increased - a 100,000 mile marked squad (or 120,000 mile unmarked vehicle) has the life expectancy of an automobile with 300,000 miles with regular maintenance. At the time HPD ordered 50 new Ford Police Interceptor Utilities for the command staff but not the mainstream vehicle fleet (the department has procured newer vehicles but the budget crunch has taken in a few new orders whilst the older squads are still operational. A budget crunch in major Texas cities is partly to blame where municipal budgets are usually slashed including priority spending for first responders. Most modern HPD Patrol cars today are Blue and white saying " HOUSTON POLICE" on the side. Newer models use a mixture of black and white paint now with 911 EMERGENCY listed on the rear side of the car or truck.

Air support
The Houston Police Helicopter Division celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2010. The unit was formed with three leased Schweizer-Hughes 269B helicopters and has flown almost exclusively Schweizer or McDonnell Douglas helicopters. With 16 helicopters, the division is the third largest air support unit in the United States after the Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. In 2008 the department acquired new MD500E helicopters. The department also has Schweizer 300 helicopters for training.

The helicopter division patrols about a 700 sqmi area. HPD has two helicopters in the air for up to 21 hours a day. All pilots and tactical flight officers are sworn Houston police officers.

Weapons
Most Houston police officers now carry SIG Sauer P229, SIG Sauer P226, SIG Sauer P220, Glock 22, Glock 23 or the Smith & Wesson M&P40 .40 (S&W) caliber semi-automatic handguns. They are also armed with TASER X26 tasers. Tenured officers whose handguns are "grandfathered in" are still allowed to carry their weapons after the mandated .40 (S&W) requirement. This allows some officers to still carry .38 Special, .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, and .45 Colt revolvers. Chief Charles McClelland while chief, carried a Colt 1911 Mk. IV Government Model as his sidearm. Officers are also allowed to carry an AR-15 rifle, Ruger Mini-14 rifle, Remington 870 shotgun, Benelli M1 Super 90 shotgun and M2 Super 90 shotgun. The SWAT unit uses several kinds of automatic weapons, and was the first local law enforcement agency in the United States to adopt the FN P90 Personal Defense Weapon. Former Chief Art Acevedo carried a Smith & Wesson M&P and it is also the standard sidearm of the Austin Police Department from which he came.

As of November 2013, HPD has allowed officers to carry pistols chambered in .45 ACP. The Glock 21, SIG Sauer P227, and Smith & Wesson M&P 45 are approved sidearms for uniformed officers. Plainclothes officers may carry the Glock 30 and Smith & Wesson M&P 45c. Also in 2013, HPD began to issue the TASER X2 in place of the TASER X26.

As of September 2015, M1911 pistols in 9mm, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP are authorized for uniformed officers as well as 9mm and .45 ACP versions of all previously authorized pistols. Plainclothes officers are now authorized to carry the Glock 43 or Smith & Wesson M&P Shield as their primary weapon.

As of January 2016, the Sig Sauer P320 in 9mm, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP is approved for uniformed officers to carry. Also, EOTech electronic optical sights have been removed from the list of red dot sights that are allowed on patrol rifles. However, Aimpoint electronic optical sights are still allowed.

Officers graduating from Cadet Class 231 or later are only authorized to carry the Sig Sauer P320, the Glock 17, or the Smith & Wesson M&P in 9mm as their primary weapon while in uniform.

Ranks
These are the current ranks of the Houston Police Department:

Those with the rank of sergeant or above are supervisors and are issued gold badges whereas officers are issued silver badges.

Lieutenants and above may also be referred to as commanders. For example, they hold position titles including "shift commander", "night commander", "division commander", etc. They are also exempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act due to their managerial responsibilities.

After 12 years of HPD service and obtaining a TCOLE Master Peace Officer certification, an officer becomes a senior officer. This rank was created in 2001.

Promotion to sergeant through captain all occur via a civil service formula that factors into account performance on the written examination for the respective rank, assessment score, years of service, and level of higher education or 4 years of military service. Officers are eligible to take the sergeant's promotion exam after 5 years of service. Sergeants and lieutenants are eligible to take the promotion exam of the next higher rank after 2 years of service in their current rank. Candidates for lieutenant must hold at least 65 college hours or an associate degree. Candidates for the rank of commander must hold at least a bachelor's degree.

Assistant chiefs and executive assistant chiefs are appointed by the chief with the approval of the mayor. Such individuals must hold at least a master's degree and have 5 years of HPD service.

It is not required to move through every rank below to achieve a higher rank. For example, many officers promote directly to sergeant without ever being senior officers. Also, many assistant chiefs are promoted directly from the rank of lieutenant. Councilman C.O. Bradford was promoted to assistant chief from the rank of sergeant. Jack Heard was promoted to chief from the rank of sergeant. It is entirely possible to become chief as an outsider such as in the case of Lee Brown, who went on to become mayor, and Harold Hurtt.

Defunct ranks include detective, commissioner, captain, inspector, and deputy chief. Inspector fell under assistant chief and resided directly above captain, until the rank retired in 1978. In the mid-1980s, all active duty detectives were reclassified to sergeants. Originally, officers could choose to promote to detective (investigator) or sergeant (supervisor) which were both immediately below lieutenant.

In 2018, the rank of captain was converted to commander with a change of rank insignia from double gold bars to one gold star.

George Seber was promoted to assistant chief in either 1953 or 1954 and was second in command of the department. However, that rank ended when he left in 1969. Inspectors were then the second highest ranking and Chief Pappy Bond converted that rank to deputy chief. After the rank of assistant chief was re-instituted in the mid-1970s, the deputy chief rank was third highest for a time. Circa 1990, the rank of deputy chief was abolished. In 1998, the executive assistant chief rank was created, making it the second highest rank.

Supervisors may also be appointed under certain circumstances to act in the next higher rank during an absence from duty of their supervisor. For example, a patrol sergeant might be appointed as the acting lieutenant (shift commander) if there would be no other lieutenants on duty within that division. Per policy, officers cannot be appointed as acting sergeants (supervisors).

Fallen officers
Since the establishment of the Houston Police Department, 119 officers have died in the line of duty. The following list also contains officers from the Houston Airport Police Department and the Houston City Marshal's Office, which were merged into HPD.

The Houston Police Officers Memorial, designed by Texas artist Jesús Moroles, opened in 1991 to honor the duty and sacrifices of members of the department.

Demographics
Breakdown of the makeup of the rank and file of HPD: Breakdown of the types of academic degrees held by HPD members:
 * Male: 88%
 * Female: 12%
 * White: 37%
 * African-American/Black: 18%
 * Hispanic: 42%
 * Asian: 3%
 * Associate degree: 311
 * Bachelor's Degree: 1750
 * Master's Degree: 575
 * Doctorate Degree: 46
 * Total number of members with a degree: 2,682

Joe Campos Torres
In May 1977, Joe Campos Torres (1954 - May 5, 1977), a 23-year-old Vietnam War veteran, was arrested for disorderly conduct at a bar in Houston's predominantly Hispanic East End neighborhood. Six Houston police officers took Torres to a spot called "The Hole" next to Buffalo Bayou and beat him. The officers then took Torres to the city jail, where they were ordered to take him to the hospital. Instead of taking Torres to the hospital, the officers took him back to the banks of Buffalo Bayou where he was pushed into the water. Torres' body was found two days later.

In June 2021, police chief Troy Finner apologized to the Torres family, calling the killing "straight-up murder."

Chad Holley beating
Chad Holley was a sophomore at Elsik High School at the time of his arrest in March 2010 as an alleged burglary suspect. There appeared to be obvious abuse by Houston police officers immediately prior to his arrest that was captured on a security camera video which was leaked to the public. Holley was eventually found guilty and sentenced to probation until age 18. The incident resulted in 12 officers being disciplined, fired, or charged. All appealed the decisions. Officer Andrew Blomberg, the first of four officers to go on trial, was acquitted of charges of "Official Oppression".

Tracie Bell
In September 2010, Officer Tracie Bell was sentenced to sixteen years in prison for stealing over $100,000 from American Red Cross funds earmarked for survivors of hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Bell and another officer contracted with the charity to run a basketball camp for young people displaced by the storms. They inflated the number of persons they claimed attended in order to gain additional funds.

Ruben Trejo
In April 2011, Sergeant Ruben Trejo crashed his private vehicle into a school bus while driving to work. Tests showed he had twice the legal limit of alcohol in his blood. Trejo was fired from the department.

Rape kits
In August 2011, press reports stated that the department held more than 7,000 used rape kits that had never been tested. Some of these kits dated back 20 years.

Abraham Joseph
In October 2012, Officer Abraham Joseph was sentenced to life in prison for raping a handcuffed woman in the back of his police car. During the sentencing phase of the trial, two other women came forward claiming that Joseph had also raped them.

Death of Brian Claunch
In June 2013, a grand jury refused to indict Officer Matthew Marin after he shot and killed Brian C. Claunch on September 22, 2012. Claunch, who was mentally ill and confined to a wheelchair, threatened a police officer with a ballpoint pen. Marin then shot him, resulting in his death.

Darrin DeWayne Thomas
In August 2013, Officer Darrin DeWayne Thomas pleaded guilty to theft of $700. Thomas was caught in an October 2010 sting operation where he thought he had been left with the money unobserved. He was sentenced to two years of probation and agreed to surrender his Texas peace officer's license. He was expected to have no criminal record upon completing his probation.

Adan Jimenez Carranza
In October 2013, Officer Adan Jimenez Carranza pleaded guilty to "attempted sexual assault" for raping a woman in the back of his patrol car after investigating a minor traffic accident. He was sentenced to ten years in prison and twenty years on the state's sex offender registry. Carranza was expected to be eligible for parole after six months in prison.

Gerald Goines
In late February 2020, the Harris County District Attorney asked local courts to appoint lawyers to represent 69 people who had been convicted based on the testimony of Officer Gerald Goines. Goines was accused of creating a fictitious informant and making other false statements to obtain a search warrant that resulted in two deaths in a raid on a home in January 2019. Goines' misconduct threw into doubt a number of convictions based on his testimony.

Major officer awards

 * Chief of Police Commendation: may be presented to any department employee who demonstrated a high degree of professional excellence or initiative through the success of initiating, developing, or implementing difficult projects, programs, or investigations. The performance shall not have involved personal hazard to the individual.
 * Medal of Valor: may be presented to officers who judiciously performed voluntary acts of conspicuous gallantry and extraordinary heroism above and beyond the call of duty, knowing that taking such action presented a clear threat to their lives.
 * Lifesaving Award: may be presented to any classified or civilian employee when a person would more than likely have died or suffered permanent brain damage if not for the employee's actions. The act must clearly indicate the employee did at least one of the following: (a) rendered exceptional first aid or (b) made a successful rescue (e.g. from a burning building or vehicle, or from drowning).
 * Blue Heart Award: may be presented to officers who received life-threatening injuries while acting judiciously and in the line of duty. Officers may be eligible to receive the Blue Heart Award in conjunction with another award such as the Meritorious Service Award or the Lifesaving Award. Injuries due to negligence or minor injuries not requiring hospitalization are not eligible.
 * Meritorious Service Award: may be presented to officers who have distinguished themselves by one of the following: (a) conduct during a criminal investigation or law enforcement action while demonstrating a high level of courage or (b) actions resulting in the apprehension of a felon under dangerous or unusual circumstances.
 * Award of Excellence: may be presented to classified or civilian employees who have distinguished themselves on or off duty by outstanding service to HPD or the community. Employees must have demonstrated a high degree of dedication and professionalism in an endeavor that does not meet any other award criteria.
 * Hostile Engagement Award: may be presented to officers who acted judiciously in the line of duty and performed acts upholding the high standards of the law enforcement profession while engaging in hostile confrontations with suspects wielding deadly weapons. Individuals who sustained non-life-threatening or minor injuries resulting from an assault by a deadly weapon are also eligible.
 * Humanitarian Service Award: may be presented to any individual (employee or not) who demonstrated a voluntary act of donating time, physical effort, financial support, or special talent promoting the safety, health, education, or welfare of citizens. The individual is not eligible if there was any personal gain, financial compensation, special services, or privileges in exchange for the act.
 * Public Service Award: may be presented to any individual outside the department who voluntarily acted in circumstances requiring unusual courage or heroism while assisting a police officer or other citizen. Those who do not meet the above criteria, but provided a measure of assistance, shall be sent a letter and a Certificate of Appreciation (no citation page) signed by the Chief of Police.
 * Chief of Police Unit Citation: may be presented to two or more employees who performed an act or a series of acts over a period of time that demonstrated exceptional bravery or outstanding service to the department or the community. Their combined efforts as a functioning team must have resulted in the attainment of a departmental goal(s) and increased the department's effectiveness and efficiency.

title: Houston Police Department


text:
Equatair

Equatair (Equatorial Express Airlines) was an airline in Equatorial Guinea.

The airline was on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union.

History
Equatair was established in December 2004. Its predecessor, Aerolíneas de Guinea Ecuatorial, was closed by order of the government, and its Antonov aircraft were used to create Equatair. The aircraft were subsequently involved in a fatal accident, thus leaving the airline without any aircraft. In 2006, Equatair was disestablished.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 16 July 2005, an Antonov 24 crashed into a mountainous area near Baney, killing all 60 passengers and crew on board.

title: Equatair


text:
If God Had Curves

If God Had Curves is the fourth album by David Usher, released in 2005. The album includes the first single, "Love Will Save the Day", as well as 10 other new songs. Guest musicians on the album include Bruce Cockburn and Tegan Quin. The album debuted at #12 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Track listing

 * 1) "Long Goodbye"
 * 2) "Love Will Save the Day"
 * 3) "Souring"
 * 4) "See You Fall"
 * 5) "Hope (Tell Everyone)"
 * 6) "Everything Is All Right By Me Now"
 * 7) "Faithless"
 * 8) "Hey Kids" (featuring Tegan Quin)
 * 9) "The Wolves"
 * 10) "Going Home"
 * 11) "Soldiering"
 * 12) "Mutations" (Bonus Track)

Singles

 * Love Will Save The Day
 * See You Fall
 * Long Goodbye

title: If God Had Curves


text: Template:Xiangqi-position

title: Template:Xiangqi-position


text:
Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six

Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six is a video game featuring the Marvel Comics characters Spider-Man and the Sinister Six. It was developed by Bits Studios and published by Acclaim Entertainment under the LJN banner for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. Versions of the game were also released for the Master System and Game Gear by Acclaim's Flying Edge division. The game is loosely based on the story arc of the same name, which was published in The Amazing Spider-Man #334-339 in the early 1990s.

Plot
Doctor Octopus is setting his master plan into action to take over the world with the help of the Sinister Six. Spider-Man manages to defeat all of them and save the world.

Gameplay
The player controls Spider-Man through six side-scrolling levels, with a member of the Sinister Six (Electro, Sandman, Mysterio, Vulture, Hobgoblin, and Doctor Octopus) at the end of each level as a boss. Spider-Man can jump, punch, kick, duck, climb certain walls and trees, shoot webs to swing on and collect web fluid to shoot square web projectiles.

The levels are generally straightforward side-scrolling action, although occasionally a particular item such as key or a detonator has to be found.

Spider-Man has only one life in the NES version, but also has one continue. There are no icons available to restore energy. However, defeating several enemies can restore Spider-Man's power bar.

Ports
In comparison to the NES version, the Sega Master System version is easier as certain items were moved (typically to easier places to find), some enemies are taken out, some jumps are redesigned to be easier, and Doctor Octopus and Mysterio now only have one health bar (versus the NES version where they would regenerate a few times before being defeated), among a few other changes.

The Game Gear version is identical to the Sega Master System version except that the screen shows a smaller portion of the level, which makes it harder to see incoming projectiles.

Reception
Nintendo Power commented on the NES version of the game, praising the graphics while stating the play control was weak, commenting that "you can release what looks like a perfect punch and end up swinging right past your enemy".

title: Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six


text:
Maundy

Maundy may refer to:

 * Maundy Thursday, a Christian holiday commemorating the Last Supper
 * Maundy (foot washing), the liturgical foot washing ceremonies which occurs on Maundy Thursday
 * Maundy money, dispensed at the Maundy ceremony by the British Monarch

title: Maundy


text:
Talk:Virgin Lake

Untitled
Why not merge and a redirect to Henry M. Jackson Wilderness Area? --Wetman 03:30, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

October 30, 2008 Yesterday I added a link to a topographic map from TopoQuest under the picture. I now know that maps are also available under the coordinates link. However, none of those maps, even the one from TopoQuest, gives a good view of the lake. For the TopoQuest map, it is the wrong one - Lake Daniel, WA rather than Blanca Lake, WA. I am not sure why - I have double-checked the coordinates as given by the USGS and they are correct. So, for the moment, I am leaving my reference to the Blanca Lake map in place. Any other suggestions?--markhab (talk) 03:50, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

November 2, 2008. I have corrected the problem of Oct. 30, 2008. The coordinates were indeed incorrect (per USGS site). With the correct coordinates, the TopoQuest map under the coordinate's link is now correct. --markhab (talk) 23:24, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Virgin Lake


text:
Clayfield, Queensland

Clayfield is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the, Clayfield had a population of 10,897 people.

Geography
Clayfield is 7.4 km by road from the Brisbane CBD. Clayfield is bordered to the north by Nundah, to the east by Ascot and Hendra, to the west by Wooloowin and to the south by Albion.

Its name derives from the fine white-grey sedimentary clay mined in Albion, between Morgan and Sykes Street, used in the brickworks that once existed between Oriel Road and Reeve Street near Sandgate Road. This industry, once known as "the clay fields", was instrumental in the residential surge of European settlement of inner-north Brisbane. Kalinga Park and the Kalinga locality lay on the northern limit. Clayfield also encompasses the locality of Eagle Junction.

History
In 1874 a Baptist Church opened in Hendra/Clayfield.

In October 1885, "Sefton Estate" consisting of 254 16 perch allotments were auctioned by John Cameron, Auctioneer. The land for sale is re-subdivisions of subdivisions 2 to 3 of Portions 78 and 79, Parish of Toombul. A map advertising the auction provides a local sketch of the area.

In January 1886, 392 allotments of land of "Noble Estate", were advertised for auction by R.D. Graham & Son, Auctioneers. A map advertising the auction states the land is situated on the main Sandgate Road and Kedron Brook.

In February 1888, "Isleton Estate" made up of 236 allotments were auctioned by R. R. Cottell. A map advertising the auction states the Estate was exactly opposite Eagle Junction Railway Station with 30 trains passing a day.

In June 1888 "The Eagle Farm and Sandgate Estate", made up of 75 16 perch allotments, was advertised for auction by G.T. Bell, Auctioneer. The land for sale is re-subdivisions of subdivisions 13 to 25 of allotment 4 of Portion 5, Parish of Toombul. A map advertising the auction includes a local sketch of the area that shows close proximity to the railway line.

A United Methodist Free Church was built circa 1889 at present-day 221 Bonney Avenue (-27.4163°N, 153.0483°W). In 1901, not wishing to be part of the amalgamation of the Methodist denominations into the new Methodist Church of Australasia, the congregation decided to become Eagle Junction Congregational Church. In December, a Sunday School hall was added to the northern side of the church on the corner of Norman Parade.

Clayfield State School opened on 8 July 1895. In July 1901 it was renamed Eagle Junction State School.

On 28 October 1899, sixty allotments of land of "Albion Hill Estate", being re-subdivisions 1 to 60, of subdivision of section 3 of portion 162, Parish of Enoggera, were advertised for auction by Isles, Love & Co. The advertising map states the estate's proximity to Albion Train Station, with 76 trains daily. The land for sale was situated between Camden St, Albion, and Ford St and Old Sandgate Rd (now Bonney Ave), Clayfield.

A stump-capping ceremony for Wooloowin Methodist Church was held on Saturday 30 November 1901. The site was on Old Sandgate Road at the junction with Bayview Terrace (now 170 Bonney Avenue). While the church was being built, it was destroyed by a cyclone in January 1901. The church was re-built and opened on Sunday 13 April 1902 by Reverend Robert Stewart, President of the Queensland Methodist Conference. In 1975 Wooloowin Methodist Church amalgamated with Eagle Junction Congregational Church (at 211 Bonney Avenue) to form the Bonney Avenue Cooperative Parish. Following the amalgamation that created the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977, it was renamed Clayfield Uniting Church and decided to operate exclusively from the site of the Wooloowin Methodist Church. The Eagle Junction Congregational Church and its adjacent hall at 5 Norman Parade were sold into private ownership; both buildings still exist and are listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register. The foundation stone of the current Clayfield Uniting Church building was laid on Sunday 2 March 1986 by Reverend Leslie Tiplin Vickery and it was opened and dedicated on 5 April 1987 by Reverend Barry Dangerfield.

In February 1920 ,"The Drane Estate", made up of 71/2 allotments plus a substantial residence on 2 1/2 allotments, was advertised for auction by Thorpe & Sharp, Auctioneers. A map advertising the auction states the estate is overlooking Clayfoeld Station, 6 minutes from Eagle Junction Railway Station and 3 minutes from Clayfield Tram Terminus.

In April 1920, "Insulae Park Estate" made up of 23 allotments was advertised for auction by Thorpe & Son, Auctioneers. A map advertising the auction states the estate is 5 minute walk to Clayfield Station and Tram.

St Agatha's Catholic Primary School opened on 27 January 1925.

St Rita's College opened on 31 January 1926.

Clayfield College opened on 9 February 1931.

Demographics
In the, Clayfield recorded a population of 10,006 people, 52.6% female and 47.4% male. The median age of the Clayfield population was 34 years of age, 3 years below the Australian median. 70.3% of people living in Clayfield were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 3.7%, England 3.6%, India 2.5%, Philippines 0.8%, and China 0.8%. 81.9% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 1% Italian, 1% Mandarin, 0.7% Punjabi, 0.7% Korean, and 0.7% Hindi

In the, Clayfield had a population of 10,555 people.

In the, Clayfield had a population of 10,897 people.

Heritage listings
Clayfield has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 138 Adelaide Street East: Casa Mara
 * 140 Adelaide Street East: Tresco
 * 143 Adelaide Street East: Mardan
 * 165 Adelaide Street East: Rangemoor
 * Adjacent Alexandra Road: Railway footbridge
 * 159 Alexandra Road: Francisca
 * 12 Armagh Street: Tressylian
 * 19 Batman Street: Cotswold
 * 19 Bayview Terrace: Cranagh (Federation bungalow)
 * 48 Bayview Terrace: Eagle Junction State School, Memorial gates, fence & trees
 * 27 Bellevue Terrace: former Scots Presbyterian Manse
 * 38 Bellevue Terrace: Old English Interwar house
 * 5 Bonney Avenue: Bellevue Court
 * 103 Bonney Avenue: St Marks Anglican Church
 * 146 Bonney Avenue: Pagoda Villa
 * 221 Bonney Avenue: former Congregational Church & Hall
 * 36 Christian Street: Ben Nevis
 * 19 Craven Street: Delcotta
 * 56 Crombie Street: Moortangi
 * 25 Enderley Road: Stanley Hall
 * 40 Enderley Road: Ralahyne
 * 57 Enderley Road: California bungalow
 * 64 Enderley Road: Linstarfield
 * 71 Enderley Road: Girrawheen
 * 72 Enderley Road: Enderley Road Heritage Precinct
 * 77 Enderley Road: California bungalow
 * 83 Enderley Road: Breffney
 * 24 Ford Street: Springfield
 * 24 Franz Road: Warley
 * 36 Franz Road: Ferguslea
 * 30 Gregory Street: The Coverts
 * 34 Gregory Street: Elveden
 * 20 Jolly Street: Interwar Functionalist house
 * 24 Jolly Street: Interwar Mediterranean house
 * 30 Jolly Street: Interwar Queenslander house
 * 276 Junction Road: former Shop & Residence
 * 30 Liverpool Road: Waitara
 * 3 London Road: Lyndhurst
 * 8 London Road: Turrawan (Clayfield House)Turrawan
 * 21 Milne Street: Lalala
 * 18 Norman Parade: Bunburra
 * 22 Norman Parade: Federation Queenslander house
 * 26 Norman Parade: Federation bungalow
 * 51 Norman Parade: Federation Queenslander house
 * 52 Oriel Road: St Agatha's Catholic Church
 * 71 Oriel Road: World War I bungalow
 * 94 Oriel Road: Kent Lodge
 * 7 Queens Road: Scots Presbyterian Memorial Church
 * 8 Reeve Street: Telephone exchange
 * 26 Rees Avenue: Ben Nevis Lodge gates & fence
 * Sandgate Road: Tram Shelter & Fig Trees
 * 436 Sandgate Road: Hampton Court
 * 462 Sandgate Road: Shop
 * 464 Sandgate Road: Coraki Court
 * 641 Sandgate Road: former Turrawan Private Hospital
 * 707 Sandgate Road: former Commonwealth Bank
 * 18 Tarranalma Avenue: Tarranalma
 * 23 Victoria Street: St Colomb's Anglican Church & War Memorial
 * 21 Vine Street: Second Church of Christ, Scientist Church, Sunday School & Reading Room
 * 32 Wagner Road: Clayfield Memorial School of Arts
 * 59 Wellington Street: Beaufort Hill

Education
Eagle Junction State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 49 Roseby Avenue (-27.4177°N, 153.0504°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 877 students with 66 teachers (52 full-time equivalent) and 30 non-teaching staff (17 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

St Agatha's Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 6 Hunter Lane (-27.426°N, 153.0547°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 338 students with 24 teachers (21 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (11 full-time equivalent).

St Rita's College is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for girls at 41 Enderley Road (-27.4249°N, 153.0561°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 1005 students with 74 teachers (71 full-time equivalent) and 44 non-teaching staff (39 full-time equivalent).

Clayfield College is a private primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at 23 Gregory Street (-27.4202°N, 153.0519°W). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 565 students with 69 teachers (64 full-time equivalent) and 40 non-teaching staff (34 full-time equivalent).

Amenities
Churches that are located in Clayfield include: Despite its name, Clayfield Uniting Church is at 170 Bonney Avenue in neighbouring Wooloowin (-27.4186°N, 153.0474°W).
 * Clayfield Baptist Church
 * Clayfield Gospel Hall
 * St Agatha's Catholic Church
 * St Mark's Anglican Church
 * Scots Presbyterian Church

Clayfield was served by an electric tram line which ran along Sandgate Road until its closure on 13 April 1969. It is now served by bus and train services from the nearby Clayfield railway station and Eagle Junction railway station. Along the capital road (Alexandra Road), a canopy of poinciana and oak trees produce a 'New England' canopy effect.

Notable residents

 * Charles Evans CMG, Commissioner of Railways
 * Timothy Joseph O'Leary (1925–1987), flying doctor
 * Richard Frank Tunley, developer of educational resources for blind children
 * Mary Hyacinthe Petronel White (1900–1984), women's rights campaigner and local government councillor

title: Clayfield, Queensland


text:
Max-Morlock-Stadion

Max-Morlock-Stadion is a stadium in Nuremberg, Germany, which was opened in 1928. It is located next to Zeppelinfeld. It also neighbors the Nuremberg Arena.

Since 1966, it has been home stadium to the German 2. Bundesliga club 1. FC Nürnberg. During the 1972 Summer Olympics, it hosted six football matches. In 1967, it hosted the European Cup Winners' Cup final between Rangers and Bayern Munich. Bayern won 1–0.

The stadium hosted five games of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, including the famous match between Portugal and the Netherlands, consequently known as the Battle of Nuremberg.

Name
Originally it was known as the Städtisches Stadion (Municipal Stadium) until 1945, when it was renamed Victory Stadium. In 1961, it returned to its original name until 1991, when it received the name Frankenstadion.

On 14 March 2006, the stadium was renamed easyCredit-Stadion for a period of five years, after a sponsorship deal with the German bank DZ Bank. Many fans of the 1. FC Nuremberg, led by the "Ultras Nuremberg" introduced on 1 April 2006, held demonstration against the name and symbolically renamed the stadium with its current name, in honour of one of the best players in the club's history, Max Morlock. On 14 February 2013, the stadium was renamed Grundig Stadion ( or ), after a sponsorship deal with Grundig.

In July 2016, the stadium's name changed back to Stadion Nürnberg after the city of Nuremberg could not find a new sponsor. From 1 July 2017, the stadium's name officially became Max-Morlock-Stadion.

Facilities
The available facilities at the stadium include two changing rooms for players, changing rooms for coaches, referees. Also physician and treatment rooms are available. A 300 m² press area, an area for press conferences, and three TV studios make the stadium a truly modern one. 1200 m² makes up the VIP area with room for 800 guests. To compensate for the large number of seats there are 15,000 parking spaces with 205 for VIPs.

The stadium also has track and field facilities that follow international regulation. A full sprinkler system, that feeds the grass with rain water. The pitch is also heated, and lit with a floodlight system. There are two 60 m² video walls that provide video to the fans. There is also a full power back up system, powered by diesel generators.

History
Beginning in 1933, the National Socialists began to use the stadium as a marching area for the Hitler Youth. The fourth Deutsche Kampfspiele (German Combat Games), one of the biggest events organized by the Nazi Sports Body, took place in this stadium from 23–29 July 1934.

Following 1963, the stadium was reconditioned multiple times, so that it could meet the requirements for football in the Bundesliga.

Renovations
Max-Morlock-Stadion has been renovated twice, firstly from 1988 to 1991, and then again in 2002, to be ready in time for both the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2006 World Cup. The 2002 renovation cost €56.2 million which was split between the city of Nürnberg, the State of Bavaria and the building society, which managed the stadium. This modernisation (designed and realized by HPP Architects) increased the capacity to 48,548 by extending the southwest and northwest grandstand. The playing field was lowered by 1.30 metres in order to provide all seats with an unrestricted view of the field. The Max-Morlock-Platz was developed as a place for fans to meet and enjoy something to eat; the total area of this place is 1,000 square metres. In the summer of 2012, the capacity was increased to 50,000.

Concerts
The Monsters of Rock Tour 1984, originally planned on the Zeppelinfield, took place in the Städtisches Stadion.

AC/DC performed at the stadium on June 29, 2001 during their Stiff Upper Lip World Tour.

P!nk performed at the stadium on July 15, 2010 during the Funhouse Summer Carnival.

Rock im Park takes place at this stadium.

Transportation
The stadium and the adjacent Nuremberg Arena are well serviced by public transportation to facilitate transport of fans from and to the various sports and musical events taking place there:

 * Bus stop Max-Morlock-Platz, right in front of the stadium. Serviced by Bus line 55
 * Frankenstadion station, about 400 Meters (1300 ft) or a 5-minute walk from the stadium. Serviced by S-Bahn line S2
 * Dutzendteich station and tramway stop, about 1300 m (4000 ft) or a 10-minute walk from the stadium. Services by Bus lines 55 and 65, Tramway line 6 and S-Bahn line S2
 * ''Messe subway station, about 1800 m (5500 ft) or a 15-minute walk from the Stadium. Serviced by U-Bahn (Subway) lines U1 and U11

During mass sports and entertainment events, such as Bundesliga games or the annual Rock im Park festival, additional S-Bahn trains running between main station and Frankenstadion station are being put into service. Before the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Frankenstadion station had the length of its existing platform doubled and an additional platform built for that purpose.

2006 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The following games were played at the stadium during the tournament:

title: Max-Morlock-Stadion


text:
User:Arnomba~enwiki

Hellooo!

title: User:Arnomba~enwiki


text:
Raúl L. Martínez

Raúl L. Martínez (born March 6, 1949, in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba) is a former mayor of Hialeah, Florida, United States. He is a Democrat and was mayor for 24 years, first elected in 1981 and was the Democratic congressional candidate for Florida's 21st congressional district in 2008.

Family
Martínez has launched Martínez & Fernández Public Relations in Miami Lakes to provide counsel to a variety of clients in the field of public relations, media relations, government relations, brand management, crisis management and consulting. Martinez and his wife, Ángela Callava, have two children, Aida Martínez-Ruíz and Raul L. Martinez Jr. and three grandchildren, Isabella Sofía Ruíz, Raúl Leonides Martínez III, and Lucas Oliver Martínez.

Martínez is the son of Leonides (Chin) Martínez-Calderín (1925–2007). Chin Martinez was the head of the taxi drivers retirement fund in Cuba during the 1950s, and used his connections to prevent his brother's assassination, Alfredo Martínez Calderín, who then joined Raul Castro in the II Frente Oriental Frank País. Alfredo's son, Rubén Martínez Puente, is presently a general in the Cuban Army.

Early years and schooling
Martínez arrived in the United States in May 1960 and has been a resident of Hialeah since 1969. He graduated from Miami Senior High School. He received an Associate in Arts Degree from Miami-Dade College (then known as Miami Dade Junior College and later named Miami Dade Community College) and received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Criminal Justice from Florida International University.

Public service
Martínez began his public service career in 1971 as a member of Hialeah's Minority Group Housing Committee. In 1976 he was appointed to the Personnel Board and later in 1977 elected to the Hialeah City Council. In 1981, Martínez was elected mayor and re-elected in 1983. In 1985 he became the first Hialeah mayor in 44 years to run unopposed. He was re-elected in 1987 and in 1989 he was elected to a four-year term.

In 1993, Martínez won re-election by 273 votes, because of a 2 to 1 margin amongst absentee ballots. The election was thrown out by a state judge who ruled that "overzealous" and "unscrupulous" campaign workers forged so many absentee ballots as to taint the entire vote. Martínez won a special election that was called in 1994. Martinez was again re-elected mayor in 1997 and 2001 where for the second time in his career ran unopposed. He has run and won 9 times as Mayor of Hialeah.

Martínez has received numerous gubernatorial appointments, amongst them the Florida State Commission on Hispanic Affairs from 1979 to 1982, where he was elected Chairman in 1981, and on the Governor's Commission on the Statewide Prosecutor's Function from 1984 to 1985. In 1985, he was appointed by then Governor Bob Graham to the Democratic Policy Commission's Roundtable on Defense and Foreign Policy, as well as to the State Comprehensive Planning Committee.

Martínez is a past president of the Dade County League of Cities, the Florida League of Cities and served on the board of directors of the National League of Cities. He is chairman of the South Florida Employment and Training Consortium and was the founding vice-chairman of the Beacon Council, a Miami-Dade County development agency composed of public and private sector leaders. The Mayor also served on the High Speed Rail Franchise and Environmental Review Committee.

In 2004, he was the Parliamentarian to the 2004 Democratic Convention in Boston.

On December 13, 2005, Hialeah City Hall was renamed the "Raul L. Martinez Government Center" in recognition to his 24 years as mayor and 4 years as a councilman.

In 2007, the Republican-controlled Florida legislature renamed 49 Street in Hialeah as "Mayor Raúl L. Martínez Street".

Trials
In 1989, Martínez was expected to run against State Senator Ileana Ros-Lehtinen in Florida's 18th congressional district, left vacant after the death of Claude Pepper. State Senator Ros-Lehtinen's husband, Dexter Lehtinen, the acting US Attorney for South Florida initiated an investigation on alleged accusations of extortion and racketeering. In 1990, he presented his findings to a grand jury that indicted Martinez on eight charges of extortion and racketeering.

The indictment led to Martínez's suspension from office and trial. In July 1991, Martinez was convicted for six counts of conspiracy, extortion and racketeering and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Martinez appealed the decision and the appellate judges ordered a new trial in 1994, citing" flawed jury instructions and blatant jury misconduct". The mayor's second trial ended March 26, 1996, in a hung jury. And the third trial, which began April 22, 1996, resulted in an acquittal on one count of extortion and deadlocked on five remaining counts (by a vote of 11 to 1 in favor of an acquittal).

The U.S. Attorney at that time, Kendall Coffey, (a Clinton appointee who was confirmed by a Republican U.S. Senate) ultimately dropped the remaining five charges. The Clinton Justice Department then opened a case against Mr. Lehtinen on charges of "misconduct" and potential conflicts of interest for investigating "a potential political rival of his wife." Mr. Lehtinen resigned his position as US Attorney.

Congressional election 2008
On January 21, 2008, Martínez announced on the America TeVe show A Mano Limpia his intention to run in the November 2008 election for the Florida 21st congressional district seat held by Republican Lincoln Díaz-Balart. Martinez officially announced his candidacy the following day at the Raul L. Martinez Government Center (Hialeah City Hall). Martinez lost to Díaz-Balart, garnering 42% of the vote.

Controversies
In June 1999, during a protest of more than 400 people blocking an expressway in Hialeah, the city's then police chief, Rolando Bolanos, was hit in the head with a rock. Bolanos called Martínez to the scene and, during the battle, Martinez punched a butcher, Ernesto Mirabal. Mirabal was charged with battery on an elected official, resisting arrest with violence and inciting a riot. The charges against Mirabel were later dropped.

In February 2007, when a "caustic" press release from Florida Republican Party Chairman Jim Greer criticized Hillary Clinton's presence at a fundraiser at the ex-mayor's home, Martinez responded by using profane language.

title: Raúl L. Martínez


text:
User talk:Venu allipuram

Biography:
Venugopal Allipuram, well known as Venu is a Hyderabad born, Andhraite of India. He has been on this earth for more 23 years so far and has not achieved anything to display on this geeky Wikipedia. But Wikipedia was introduced to him by one of his friends, Evan from Utah University, Salt Lake city. Venu Allipuram is currently at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville finishing his Masters in Electrical Engineering.

He has invented a new design technique in Graphic Design in the Logo Design area. The invention is, using the Flash vector graphic tools to design a Logo and mould it in the way we want and projecting the document for higher resolution. The idea came initially from the Macromedia Flash Vector graphic tool. This way the designer can easily modify the text and enlarge the image in the way he want without losing the quality. With Flash's gradiant fills, and text deformation we can easily design a professional logo.

My Homepage:
http://www.pixelheart.com is my homepage. I am a graphic and Mixed Signal Circuiy Designer. Visit my homepage for more iinformation on me.

Replaceable fair use Image:Anoushka1.jpg
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title: User talk:Venu allipuram


text:
User:Cyferx

Cyferx is the most powerful practitioner of the Unitarian Universalist faith in the Western_Hemisphere.

What Cyferx is

 * A greyhound owner
 * A Mac geek (has a shirt to prove it)
 * A Prius Owner
 * Semi-fluent in the future dominant language of Esperanto

What Cyferx is NOT

 * A Milli Vanilli fan
 * A believer in the promise of Clean Coal technology
 * An admirer of French-Canadian hospitality
 * Speed Racer
 * In possession of the Holy Grail
 * An omniscient transcendent being of light (you know like the Organians from the orginial Star Trek)

Articles Initially Created or Completely Rewritten

 * Heartworm

Articles Substantially Edited

 * Molotov-Ribbentrop_Pact
 * Morgoth
 * Unlawful combatant
 * Extraordinary Rendition
 * Chagas Disease
 * Anarcho-capitalism
 * Mattachine Society
 * 2003 invasion of Iraq
 * Anti-globalization

title: User:Cyferx


text:
Category:School districts in Santa Clara County, California

Note that Santa Clara County uses a Category, rather than a simple "List" page.


text:
Tectofilosid

The tectofilosids are a group of filose amoebae with shells. These are composed of organic materials and sometimes collected debris, in contrast to the euglyphids, which produce shells from siliceous scales. The shell usually has a single opening, but in Amphitrema and a few other genera it has two on opposite ends. The cell itself occupies most of the shell. They are most often found on marsh plants such as Sphagnum.

This group was previously classified as the Gromiida or Gromiina. However, molecular studies separate Gromia from the others, which must therefore be renamed. They are placed among the Cercozoa, and presumably developed from flagellates like Cryothecomonas, which has a similar test. However, only a few have been studied in detail, so their relationships and monophyly are not yet certain.

In a recent classification, the group Tectofilosida was not used: Chlamydophryidae, Psammonobiotidae, Pseudodifflugiidae and Volutellidae were dispersally placed in Thecofilosea, while Amphitremidae was included in Labyrinthulomycetes.

Taxonomy

 * Order Tectofilosida Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2003 (paraphyletic)
 * Suborder Lithocollina Cavalier-Smith 2012
 * Family Lithocollidae Schulze 1874
 * Suborder Unitremina Cavalier-Smith 2012
 * Family Rhizaspididae Howe et al. 2011 [Rhizaspidaceae Skuja 1948 ]
 * Family Fiscullidae Dumack et al. 2017
 * Family Pseudodifflugiidae De Saedeleer 1934
 * Family Psammonobiotidae Golemansky 1974 emend Meisterfeld 2002
 * Family Chlamydophryidae de Saedeleer 1934 emend. Meisterfeld 2002
 * Family Volutellidae Sudzuki 1979

title: Tectofilosid


text:
Fritz-Walter-Stadion

Fritz-Walter-Stadion is the home stadium of 1. FC Kaiserslautern and is located in the city of Kaiserslautern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was one of the stadia used in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It is named after Fritz Walter (1920–2002), who played for the Kaiserslautern club throughout his career and was captain of the Germany national football team that won the 1954 FIFA World Cup in the "Miracle of Bern". The stadium was built on the Betzenberg hill, hence its nickname "Betze", and was opened in 1920.

Renovation
In preparation for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the stadium underwent a 76,5 million Euro renovation beginning in 2002 that added a media center and a new floodlight system. The capacity was also increased from 38,500, of which 18,600 were standing, to 49,850, of which 16,363 are standing.

2006 FIFA World Cup
The stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

The following games were played at the stadium:

title: Fritz-Walter-Stadion


text: User:Sean II

title: User:Sean II


text:
User:Bishonen/Welcomes

New Welcome
Hey, Bishonen, there's this site called Wikipedia. I'm on it, like, all the time. You should check it out. It's kind of addictive, though, so don't edit articles, or you'll get hooked. It has this amazing ability to seem perfectible, even though it isn't, so you get suckered into continually thinking that you can make a difference, get rid of the bad, and supply the good. When you find out that the bad is like an ocean tide and that the good is like a towel under the door, you'll probably storm off. However, you end up coming back, thinking that you'll "just" do this or that, and that it'll be ok. Pretty soon, you find yourself trying to swap towels and run the drier. It's this cycle, until you realize that it's not perfectible, and you decide to just try to keep the old set of family photos dry or try to throw a life preserver to people you see out there who don't have boats. Anyway, so that's my welcome. Geogre 12:47, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Bishonen/Welcomes


text:
Yo! Noid

'Yo! Noid', known in Japan as Kamen no Ninja Hanamaru, (仮面の忍者 花丸) is a platform video game developed by Now Production and published by Capcom for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The game was first released in Japan on March 16, 1990, and was localized in the United States to promote the Noid, the mascot of Domino's Pizza. The game is in Nintendo's PlayChoice-10 arcade series and was featured in the Japanese TV show GameCenter CX.

Plot
In ''Yo! Noid'', wild creatures led by Mr. Green are running amok around New York City. As they cause havoc, the Mayor of New York decides to call upon the Noid to stop his evil duplicate, save everyone, and give him a massive pizza reward.

Gameplay
Both games use a modified engine of Wagan Land and share the same gameplay. The protagonist (Hanamaru or Noid) has no life meter, and loses a life by either making contact with an enemy or running out of time before completing a level. For offense, both characters use different weapons (a Hawk for Hanamaru and a yo-yo for Noid) but can gather magic points by collecting scrolls and use them for screen-clearing special attacks or very rare power-ups, both kinds of which are found in large scrolls opened with their weapons. Extra lives are awarded for every 20,000 points scored. Most levels are traveled on foot, but exceptions include a skateboard and an autogyro (Hanamaru uses his hawk companion for flight). Minigames vary for each version. In Hanamaru, for example, the player whacks penguins in one stage and ''Yo! Noid'' uses a "Pizza Crusher" level, as on the "Avoid the Noid" advertisements. Boss battles in Hanamaru utilize a card-based system and ''Yo! Noid'' focuses on pizza-eating contests.

The instruction manual of ''Yo! Noid'' includes a $1 Domino's Pizza coupon.

Development
Kamen no Ninja Hanamaru was based on the Wagan Land engine. During American localization, Capcom teamed up with Domino's Pizza to promote the Noid by changing a lot of graphics, sound, and presentation. However, none of the game mechanics were changed. The localized game was released in the rest of the world as ''Yo! Noid'' in November 1990. Most of the music was reused for ''Yo! Noid'', changing a few tunes and creating a few new tracks for a more American atmosphere. Namco Bandai Games published the Wagan Land series, and Capcom published both Hanamaru and ''Yo! Noid''.

Kamen no Ninja Hanamaru was first released in Japan on March 16, 1990.

Legacy
On August 1, 2017, a fan-made sequel titled Yo! Noid 2: Enter the Void was released online as freeware. Originally developed as part of the New Jam City 2017 game jam, it features elements from fifth-generation console platform games. On July 1, 2018, a "Game of a Year Edition" was released.

title: Yo! Noid


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/International economic law

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 07:29, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

International economic law
Advertisement for a university course. Delete. --Dmcdevit·t 03:39, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy redirect to international law (which is largely economic anyway). -- BD2412 talk 04:11, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I strongly disagree with BD2412, as international law comes not even close to being "largely" economic. I feel this warrants a separate article. But not the badly written & formatted advert it is now. --Lomedae 12:29, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but let the redlinks stand. Article is blatant advertising. I have no objection to a proper article being written later on with the same title. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 12:31, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 07:50, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.