text:
Forest tent caterpillar moth

The forest tent caterpillar moth (Malacosoma disstria) is a moth found throughout North America, especially in the eastern regions. Unlike related tent caterpillar species, the larvae of forest tent caterpillars do not make tents, but rather, weave a silky sheet where they lie together during molting. They also lay down strands of silk as they move over branches and travel as groups along these pheromone-containing silk trails. The caterpillars are social, traveling together to feed and massing as a group at rest. Group behavior diminishes as the caterpillars increase in size, so that by the fifth instar (molt) the caterpillars are feeding and resting independently.

The adult moths of this species favor oak, sweetgum, tupelo, aspen, and sugar maple for egg laying in the summer. The females lay eggs in masses of up to 300, which are stuck to twigs and covered with a gluey cement called spumaline, which prevents them from desiccating and freezing. Eggs hatch the following spring. The larvae can be found feeding on many other species of deciduous trees or shrubs. High population density outbreaks tend to recur at reasonably regular intervals every decade or so and usually last two to three years, during which time trees and shrubs can be almost completely denuded of leaves. Most plants replace the lost leaves without permanent damage.

Description
Mature (pre-pupating) larvae are 2 to 2.5 inches (50 to 64 mm) in length. The caterpillars are black, dark brown, or gray, with broad blue longitudinal stripes and thin yellow stripes extending along each side. The back of each abdominal segment bears a white spot that is wider toward the head end. The sides are partially covered with fur-like long setae. The adult moth that emerges after pupation is yellow or tan with a thick, short, furry body. The wingspan is about 1.5 inches (30 mm). Coloration is similar for males and females. The female's body is larger than the male's.

The insect is native to North America.

Biology
The forest tent caterpillar moth is nocturnal, taking flight soon after nightfall and returning to rest before dawn. It is not known how far an egg-laden female can fly, but there is one credible report of this species flying hundreds of kilometers with the assistance of an unusually strong wind.

Larval stages
The social caterpillars of M. disstria are nomadic and forage as a group. The fifty to two hundred larvae that result from a single egg-mass live together for most of their larval stages. Trails of silk heavily loaded with pheromones secreted by other colony members induce larvae to move, while the close presence of other colony members brings them to quiescence. This indicates that there are social cues that are used to increase the locomotive efficiency of each individual larva. Pupation occurs after caterpillars reach a size threshold that is attained more quickly when caterpillars forage in groups. This is particularly important since delayed development to threshold increases the risks of predation and food depletion. However, as larvae proceed into the later instars, they become increasingly independent and by the fifth instar rarely form aggregations. This ontogenetic change in gregariousness results from an increase in the costs of maintaining grouping due to changes related to predation, thermoregulation, silk production, and foraging.

Thermoregulation
Forest tent caterpillars are ectotherms so they rely on sources of heat from the environment to raise their body temperatures. In order to do this, they bask together and benefit from group thermoregulation. Elevating body temperature is essential in increasing metabolic rates for movement and food processing, so proper thermoregulation leads to an increased rate of development. This is very important for M. distria caterpillars, which rely on fast growth in spite of low environmental temperatures to benefit from the high food quality and the smaller predation risk in the spring. Thus, it is an adaptive advantage to bask in groups. However, as caterpillars grow, thermoregulatory needs decrease and the benefit of group living is gradually overridden by other factors such as food competition.

Foraging
Eating times are variable. Foraging trips can occur at any time and are very coordinated: either the entire colony forages or no one does. A small proportion of starved individuals is enough to reach agreement and start group movement. However, this organized behavior and the high fidelity of caterpillars to pheromone hormone trails imply conservative foraging, which may trap caterpillars to poor food sources even if a better one is close by. Some plasticity in this behavior has been reported, which is modulated by the presence of caterpillars that are behaviorally more exploratory or that simply become more adventurous because they are starved, increasing foraging flexibility. With age, competition for food becomes more important, especially as resources become scarce. Grouping decreases growth rate via a decrease in food intake so ontogenetic changes toward more mobility and independence can be viewed as simple "scaling" relationships between caterpillars and food sources evolved to increase the benefits of individual foraging in later stages.

Silk production
Large silk trails help increase adhesion to the host plant. As caterpillars advance in groups, they form thick mats of silk that provide them with secure adhesion. Isolated caterpillars have been observed to fall off their host trees and perish. It has been hypothesized that this is due to the production of thin strands that do not provide a secure grip or due to a faster exhaustion of silk supply. In addition to this, making silk is more costly for larvae in their first instars, so grouping is beneficial in earlier stages. As caterpillars develop, they decrease the use of shared silk.

Mating
The first adults to eclose (emerge from their pupa) in early spring are the males. Starting at around 5:30 p.m., hundreds of males fly vigorously and relentlessly in search for cocoons containing females about to eclose. They approach trees and move around them, zigzagging and crawling on branches. If they do not find females with whom they will have the chance to copulate, they fly off and continue their search. It has been suggested that male activity is dependent on temperature, since below 59 ˚F (15 ˚C) only a small number of males are found to be actively looking for females. It has also been reported that females emit a calling pheromone before they emerge from the pupae, causing an increase in male activity around the cocoon before they eclose. In addition, males have been seen approaching and moving around brown objects, suggesting that males also use visual cues to find females. Within one or two seconds after the tip of the female abdomen clears the cocoon, males begin copulation, which lasts an average of 202 minutes. In order to position himself, the male moves backwards and bends his abdomen towards the female, pushing the tip towards the female's bursa copulatrix. There is a significant positive correlation between the body sizes of copulating pairs, which indicates that mating is not random with respect to size, presumably because of male-male competition for larger females. Independently of whether they are or not copulating, females do not move more than a few centimeters from their eclosion site until they are able to fly away, usually at twilight. Females start preparing for flight by fanning their wings. Frequently, fanning begins during mating and is often the first sign of its end as females fly away soon after.

Influence of population density on mating behavior
Forest tent caterpillar populations increase periodically to outbreak densities. Not much is known about the factors that lead to the initiation of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks, although some plausible mechanisms are higher temperatures in the spring, phenological synchrony with their host plants, and reduced predation enemies. Whatever the cause, outbreak densities give rise to cyclic population dynamics, characterized by highest fecundity at peak population density and reduced fecundity for several generations during decline. At low population densities, moths are found mating high above the ground, in the forest canopy. Mating starts late in the day and copulations are short. In contrast, during high-density outbreaks, mating takes place on lower vegetation, presumably because caterpillars descend to forage in less defoliated areas, where they form their pupae. This high population density increases the operational sex ratio and significantly intensifies male-male competition. As a result, copulations begin earlier in the day and last longer in an attempt to minimize sperm competition. In addition, such high densities enhance female opportunities for being selective regarding males.

During high outbreak densities, some males, called "hangers", change their copulation behavior. They do not attach physically to the branch while mating, which allows them to mate longer and counteract their mate's efforts to reject them. This behavior increases the percentage of eggs they fertilize as they delay their mated female from remating and reduce number of potential mates the female can have. This hanging behavior does not appear at low population densities, presumably because it is more energetically costly and more conspicuous, since it can attract more males that can potentially interfere in the copulation process. As a result, males only exhibit this behavior when they are trying to prolong mating to reduce sperm competition.

Oviposition
Females begin ovipositing the day after copulation and do so in one batch during a single oviposition event. Shorter and longer oviposition durations are associated with smaller and larger egg masses, which are directly related to female size. Just before beginning to oviposit, females exhibit dispersal behavior. They position themselves on a branch, spread their wings, and extend their abdominal tip around the branch to prepare for oviposition. As they oviposit, they move around the branch aligning the eggs, forming a ring-like structure around the branch. They then cover their eggs with a foamy substance known as spumaline. It has been hypothesized that the spumaline cover protects eggs from predation and parasitism. Offspring pass the winter inside their eggs. Although cold tolerant, they are susceptible to freezing in extreme cold temperatures, with the risk of mortality varying seasonally with changes in temperature and physiology. Not much is known about parental effects on offspring survival during the winter. The only source of energy for overwintering forest tent caterpillar eggs comes from the parental generation. As a result, overwintering performance of the insect should be viewed in the context of parental fitness.

Predation
Individual risk is lower in larger groups due to collective defense from predators, the dilution effect, and the selfish herd theory. All of these effects provide supplementary protection to individuals in the middle of the group. To compensate for group conspicuousness, caterpillars minimize movement, reducing their chances of being located by invertebrate predators. This behavior has associated costs because it decreases individual caterpillars’ selectiveness regarding food sources, as they will not be able to work to get better food sources. Caterpillar grouping behaviors change depending on food source; on less favorable food sources, caterpillar groups tend to splinter, thereby potentially increasing the risk for predation. Ontogenetic changes in caterpillars reduce the risk of predation and as a consequence, predation-related benefits of group foraging decrease with time. Moreover, grouping in later instars has the extra cost of an increased risk of pathogen transmission.

The entomophthoralean fungus Furia gastropachae has long been associated with Forest tent caterpillar population decline in North American forests, including Florida, Maryland and New York (state). Furia crustosa is now classed as a synonym of Furia gastropachae. The species of fungus rarely infects species outside the genus Malacosoma. In 2002, Resting spores were observed even within the cadavers infected by other resting spores, a phenomenon not previously observed among the Entomophthorales. This allows the fungus to initiate cycles of secondary infection via conidia'. Also, host infection by resting spores was highest at intermediate levels of soil moisture. Infection of fourth instar larvae by resting spores and conidia was maximized at cooler temperatures (of 10 to 20°C).

Outbreaks
The caterpillars are considered a problem when the larva population explodes in the spring. They can completely consume the foliage of a tree. Trees usually recover from this, refoliating within a month and resuming photosynthesis. Under most circumstances, little lasting damage is caused to the trees; however, the disappearance of foliage is considered to be an unattractive nuisance. On those rare occasions when infestations last for three years or more, tree mortality rates can become significant. Multiple outbreaks in Northern Ontario, Canada, in the 1990s resulted in over six consecutive years of aspen defoliation in some areas. One outbreak in upstate New York and Vermont began in 2002, with 650,000 acres (2600 km²) defoliated in New York and 230,000 acres (930 km²) in Vermont by 2005.

Forest tent caterpillar outbreaks tend to recur at reasonably regular intervals every decade or so, with the precise interval varying somewhat in time and space. Outbreaks usually last two to four years. Although the insect's distributional range is quite large, the area over which decadal outbreak cycles are synchronized (i.e. oscillating with the same phase) varies substantially. Outbreak cycles are more strongly synchronized in eastern Canada than in western Canada. Where spatially separated populations are phase-synchronized, the synchronization is thought to be due to the process of entrainment, that is, the synchronization of a circadian clock with the external environment.

The cause of the outbreak cycle is not known with certainty. There are a large number of natural mortality agents which could be responsible for population cycling, including parasitoids, predators, starvation, disease, and severe weather. Most infestations subside after one or two years as a result of a combination of these factors. The most common parasitoids associated with population decline are flies of the families Tachinidae and Sarcophagidae.

title: Forest tent caterpillar moth


text:
User talk:Rim23shot

Welcome!
Hello, Rim23shot, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  01:20, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Image copyright problem with Image:Shaffy_Young.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Shaffy_Young.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 21:02, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Rim23shot


text:
WPTD

WPTD (channel 16) is a television station in Dayton, Ohio, United States, serving the Miami Valley as a member of PBS. The station broadcasts from studios in downtown Dayton and a transmitter near South Gettysburg Avenue in the Highview Hills neighborhood in southwest Dayton. Its signal is relayed by translator station W25FI-D in Maplewood, Ohio, which broadcasts to Celina, Lima, and Wapakoneta.

WPTD and WPTO (channel 14), licensed to Oxford but primarily broadcasting to greater Cincinnati and providing secondary public TV service in the Dayton and Cincinnati areas, form ThinkTV (stylized as ThinkTV). ThinkTV, legally Greater Dayton Public Television, and WCET in Cincinnati are separate subsidiaries of Public Media Connect; master control for all three stations is located in Dayton.

Channel 16 in Dayton was originally allocated for educational use, but this changed in 1965. A commercial station—WKTR-TV, owned by Kittyhawk Television and licensed to nearby Kettering—was built on channel 16 in 1967. It operated as a money-losing independent station for nearly all of its four-year history, with one major exception. On January 1, 1970, in a surprise, WKTR was announced as the new ABC affiliate for Dayton. This was vigorously contested by WKEF (channel 22), which had been airing most of ABC's programming in the market and was widely expected to become the full-time affiliate. Less than two months later, it was revealed that Kittyhawk management had bribed an ABC official in exchange for affiliation with the network, a scandal that led to a conviction; the resignations of two other network employees; and a federal investigation into bribery at the major networks. ABC also moved to revoke the affiliation agreement with WKTR-TV effective that August. In May, a federal judge overseeing a lawsuit filed by WKEF ordered ABC to supply its prime time programming to that station; WKTR-TV aired ABC's daytime shows until August 31, 1970, when all ABC programming moved to WKEF. Facing a challenge to its broadcast license and a petition by television program distributors to force it into involuntary bankruptcy, Kittyhawk took WKTR-TV off the air beginning February 27, 1971.

Plans already existed at that time to activate an educational television station in Dayton. The Ohio Educational Television Network Commission, a state agency coordinating educational broadcasting activities, used funds initially intended for new station construction to acquire the WKTR-TV license and transmitter; channel 16 began broadcasting again on April 24, 1972, as WOET-TV. WOET-TV initially served to simulcast WMUB-TV (the now-WPTO) in Oxford. In 1975, the commission transferred the license to University Regional Broadcasting—a consortium of Miami University, Central State University, and Wright State University. The station changed its call letters to WPTD in 1977; University Regional Broadcasting renamed itself Greater Dayton Public Television in 1982. After previously having offices spread in multiple locations, the station consolidated into new downtown Dayton studios in 1988. WPTO became a separately programmed secondary station in 1992.

Construction and early years
Ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 16 was the originally allocated reserved channel for educational television in Dayton. However, early exploration of activating the channel proved fruitless. In September 1953, a study group ceased activities, stating that starting such a station was "beyond the ability of this area". Interest bubbled up again in 1961 when the Miami Valley Educational Television Foundation was formed.

However, in 1965, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) reallocated UHF television channels nationwide. The educational reservation was shifted to channel 45, and channel 16 became available for use by a commercial station. That June, Kittyhawk Broadcasting Corporation announced it would file to build channel 16 as an independent station and the fourth commercial outlet in the region; the station would be located in nearby Kettering. The FCC approved of Kittyhawk's application and granted a construction permit at the start of December. Kittyhawk announced it would build studios on a property on Stroop Road previously occupied by the local YMCA in Kettering and a transmitter at Moraine. However, work was delayed while Kittyhawk petitioned the FCC for a taller tower than originally proposed; a start date of January 1968 was set.

Delayed by weather and supply issues, WKTR-TV went on the air on March 20, 1967. Eight hours of programming a day were planned, including locally produced news, educational programs for the Kettering area, and a country and western music program, though the lineup was dominated by syndicated shows and movies. At the time of launch, the company announced its reorganization at Kittyhawk Television and claimed that it could be profitable in six months. Citing strong advertising sales, WKTR moved in September to extend its broadcast day from 8 to 15 hours a day, including shows pre-empted by the local network affiliates. However, this was cut back in December, when original general manager Kenneth Caywood quit and the station began broadcasting at 5 p.m. on weekdays with a schedule heavy on movies.

ABC sale negotiations
WKTR-TV continued to bleed money in 1968, and in January, negotiations were held with the ABC television network over a possible sale of channel 16, with ABC employees visiting Kettering to examine the station. It would have been the first UHF television station owned by ABC; the network already owned the maximum of five stations on the very high frequency (VHF) band and could own up to two UHF stations such as WKTR-TV. John Campbell, president of the owned-and-operated stations division of ABC, admitted on January 31 that the network was interested in the station. The possibility of WKTR-TV affiliating with ABC posed the possibility of major changes in local television. Even though Dayton had three stations, ABC programs were split between WLWD (channel 2) and WKEF (channel 22), with the latter desirous of a full affiliation and not getting it. WKEF aired 70 percent of the network's output in the Dayton area.

On February 13, 1969, ABC's board of directors authorized Campbell to proceed with buying WKTR-TV for $1.85 million subject to FCC approval. However, WKEF—which stood to lose all the ABC programs it carried—and parent company Springfield Television announced they would fight to block the transaction. WKEF general manager George Mitchell expressed dismay that ABC was capitalizing on the "spade work" WKEF had done in establishing UHF broadcasting in Dayton, while Campbell noted that ABC could cancel its secondary affiliation agreement with WKEF on four days' notice and that its WLWD affiliation expired in January 1970. Not wanting to endure a legal fight they predicted could last two to four years, Kittyhawk and ABC terminated the sale agreement in March.

Affiliation with ABC and bribery scandal
Even though it opted not to buy channel 16, ABC still needed an affiliate in Dayton for 1970, when WLWD would become a full-time NBC affiliate. WKEF was predicted to have the inside track on the affiliation. However, in a surprise, on November 21, 1969, ABC announced that WKTR-TV would become the new primary ABC affiliate for Dayton. In a statement, Kittyhawk president John A. Kemper hailed the announcement as the "happiest day of our lives" and attributed ABC's selection to its color programming and facilities; the vice president of the company noted that its investors had endured a deficit of nearly $2 million. This announcement also met with legal action from WKEF. In mid-December, it sued ABC, Kittyhawk, and Kemper. In its suit, the station alleged that ABC had invited it in May 1969 to sign an affiliation agreement, though it could not do so until November, and that it had been the primary carrier of ABC network programs in the Dayton area since March 1968. It fretted that, should the affiliation not be blocked in the courts, ABC would eventually move to buy the station outright. The lawsuit also alleged that William L. Putnam and ABC were at odds over plans to add VHF "drop-in" channels in markets throughout the U.S., an action opposed by Putnam but supported by ABC, and that Putnam had thwarted ABC plans in the northeast by dropping ABC from WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts, and preventing the ABC affiliate in New Haven, Connecticut—WTNH—from moving its transmitter closer to Springfield. It also revealed that Kittyhawk had allegedly been rebuffed in its efforts to buy WKEF before filing for and building channel 16. The affiliation switch went ahead on January 1 as planned after WKEF's request for a temporary injunction was denied by a federal judge on the grounds that blocking the affiliation could cause WKTR-TV to lose its financing and its assets to creditors.

The affiliation fight took a new and sudden turn when Thomas G. Sullivan, a 43-year-old regional manager for ABC, was fired by the network on February 19. ABC vice president Robert Kaufman then filed a criminal complaint against Sullivan. Kaufman charged that Sullivan had told Kemper that WKTR-TV would need to pay $50,000 to a consultant by the name of John L. P. Daley, Jr., which in actuality was a bribe. A lawyer for Kemper denied the allegations.

In light of the bribery case, on February 26, ABC gave WKTR-TV a required six months' notice that it was ending its affiliation contract with the station effective August 30. It invited WKTR-TV and WKEF to submit new presentations outlining their cases for affiliation with the network. This marked part of a blitz of cleaning house orchestrated by network vice president James Hagerty, who had been the presidential press secretary in the 1950s; Hagerty told newsmen of the telegram sent to WKTR-TV and WKEF and fielded inquiries from reporters. The same day, Kemper resigned from Kittyhawk Television.

With the addition of WSWO-TV (channel 26) in Springfield, all three Dayton-area UHF stations were invited to submit proposals for ABC affiliation to the network. Meanwhile, later in March, WKEF renewed its efforts in court to obtain an injunction barring ABC from supplying its programs to WKTR. This new lawsuit added two names to the case: Carmine Patti, ABC director of station relations, and Theodore H. Shaker, ABC vice president for the owned-and-operated stations. WKEF alleged that Kemper had met Joseph McMahon, who knew many ABC officials including Patti, at a party in Fort Lauderdale, Florida; he then hired McMahon as WKTR's representative in New York to lobby ABC for the affiliation. When Bert Julian, another ABC regional representative whose territory then included Dayton, was found to favor WKEF, it was alleged that Kemper complained to McMahon, who in turn told Patti; shortly thereafter, Dayton was moved from Julian's purview to Sullivan's, and Sullivan then suggested the hiring of the fictitious "John L. P. Daley". On April 11, days before Kittyhawk officials were to visit New York City to present to the network, ABC notified WKTR by telegram that it was revoking its invitation to the station to present an affiliation proposal to continue with the network after August 30—leaving WKEF and WSWO-TV as the only bidders—after additional evidence was uncovered in the WKEF court case and in a private investigation conducted on ABC's behalf.

On May 1, 1970, federal judge Timothy Sylvester Hogan issued an injunction ordering ABC to return to the pre-1970 status quo in Dayton within 20 days, requiring the network to move most shows off WKTR-TV and back to WKEF while the suit continued; however, WKTR-TV retained some ABC programs that WLWD had been carrying prior to 1970. An agreement was reached that saw ABC programming split between the two stations; channel 16 would air daytime ABC shows, while the ABC Evening News and prime time programs would air on channel 22. A revised court order then gave WKEF rights to the ABC prime time programming beginning at the end of May. ABC then awarded WKEF the full-time ABC affiliation in June, giving it first call rights to all network programs for the first time in its history.

Financial troubles and shutdown
In WKTR-TV's final months with ABC programming, financial issues returned to the fore. Montgomery County sued Kittyhawk Television seeking payment on $9,000 in unpaid taxes; eight employees were laid off; and a sale was announced to an unspecified group of "veteran broadcasters located in the West", though this never materialized. At the start of September, ahead of the scheduled expiration of the station's broadcast license, Springfield Television challenged Kittyhawk Television's renewal, citing the facts raised in the bribery case. Another creditor, a Virginia advertising firm, sued to force the appointment of a receiver for Kittyhawk; four months later, three television program syndicators filed seeking the placement of the business into involuntary bankruptcy.

On February 27, 1971, WKTR-TV failed to sign on the air. An employee told the Dayton Daily News that the board of directors had decided to cease telecasting.

WOET-TV: An educational rescue
The Ohio Educational Television Network Commission (OET), a state government agency tasked with building and expanding a network of educational television stations across the state, then entered into negotiations to purchase channel 16 from Kittyhawk Television. This marked an acceleration for plans already in the works to build an educational station on channel 45, which had been the allocation since the 1965 national allotment changes. The Ohio Board of Regents had already set aside $565,000 for a Dayton station, with programming to be managed by a consortium of Miami University, Central State University, and Wright State University. In addition, Springfield Television asked the FCC to hold off on acting on its petition to deny the license renewal, citing the negotiations to sell channel 16 for educational use. Negotiations were finalized in April for a $550,000 purchase of WKTR-TV, though only the license and transmitter were included. Meanwhile, in the bankruptcy case, Kittyhawk denied it was bankrupt, and Thomas G. Sullivan was sentenced to five years' probation for accepting the WKTR-TV bribe. Late on the evening of April 27, WKTR-TV broadcast for the first time in two months after its two-month authorization to remain off the air was believed to have ended. In fact, the FCC had granted an extension, but this was not received in time, and the station broadcast anyway.

The return of channel 16 to the air was planned for September, to coincide with the start of fall programming on Miami University's WMUB-TV (channel 14) in Oxford, but the FCC had yet to approve the license transfer because of the pending bankruptcy case. This meant that Sesame Street went unseen in Dayton for a brief time, as WKEF had been airing the show and dropped it in anticipation of WKTR returning. The FCC did not approve the transfer until October 15, but it was not until 1972 that the station returned to the air. During that time, the call letters were changed to WOET-TV, for Ohio Educational Television, and the universities agreed to pay for nighttime programming on the station after funding was cut by the Ohio General Assembly.

WOET-TV began broadcasting as an educational television station on April 24, 1972, by rebroadcasting WMUB-TV. WMUB-TV, in turn, rebroadcast PBS programs from WCET in Cincinnati; the first week of programs on WOET was plagued by issues because WCET, the ultimate off-air source for the programs, held a local pledge drive. However, Miami, Central State, and Wright State continued to quarrel over the shape of their partnership to run channel 16. The Network Commission intended to transfer the license to the consortium, but Wright State objected to the inclusion of Miami, which the network commission had insisted on because of its existing studios and previous television experience. Wright State believed it should be the sole operator of the station, though it ultimately relented and agreed to the tri-university consortium.

Maturation
Plans for the consortium, to be known as University Regional Broadcasting (URB), took a step forward in 1974, when WMUB-TV was added to the proposed design of the group; eventually, separate programming for the two stations was foreseen. On April 22, 1975, the FCC approved the transfer of the WOET-TV license from the Network Commission to University Regional Broadcasting, with the tri-university consortium taking over on July 1.

The shift to University Regional Broadcasting coincided with the maturation of channel 16. WOET-TV held its first fundraising drive in March 1975 as part of a PBS national initiative. Operations moved to a facility on Dixie Drive; translators were built at Celina and Piqua to extend coverage; and the station changed its call letters to WPTD (Public Television in Dayton) on March 1, 1977 (with WMUB-TV becoming WPTO, Public Television in Oxford). On May 30, 1980, the FCC approved the change of WPTD's city of license from Kettering to Dayton. University Regional Broadcasting renamed itself Greater Dayton Public Television in 1982, reflecting its status as a community licensee without active university management.

Into new studios
Dr. Clair R. Tettemer, the only president of WPTD–WPTO throughout the 10-year history of University Regional Broadcasting/Greater Dayton Public Television, retired in 1985 and was replaced by Jerrold Wareham, a native of Norfolk, Virginia, who had been president of WHRO-TV there. Wareham's largest challenge was consolidating the public TV station's studios and offices: an operations center in Jefferson Township and offices in Kettering, plus a site in Moraine from which the station's annual auction—a major fundraiser—originated. The lack of studio space presented a major constraint on local programming; the only available studio at the Jefferson Township site had once been a transmitter room. Prior to Wareham's arrival, Greater Dayton Public Television had begun a capital campaign. While the station was invited to move into a new performing arts center in Dayton, it could not wait for the project to develop; in March 1987, WPTD signed an agreement to relocate to 22000 ft2 of space in the Transportation Center downtown, aided by a construction loan from the city of Dayton. Soundproofing tests were required because the facility was near the Greyhound Lines bus depot; the facility's design, with a relative lack of windows, led Dayton city officials to adopt new standards for future downtown building projects. The new facility opened in 1988.

The new studios also helped lay the groundwork for providing separate programming from WPTD and WPTO. Over a year between late 1986 and late 1987, the two stations split for fewer than 10 programs. However, it was not until transmitter improvements at both Dayton and Oxford created services with signal overlap that this vision was deemed feasible. This eventually came to pass on July 1, 1992, when WPTO began airing a secondary lineup of primarily instructional and educational programs as well as documentaries, as well as rebroadcasts of key PBS shows in different time periods. WPTO was added to the major cable systems in Cincinnati and Dayton in 1993.

Wareham left Greater Dayton Public Television in 1993 to become the president of WVIZ, the public television station in Cleveland. He was replaced by David M. Fogarty, who had previously served under Wareham as station manager.

ThinkTV: Collaboration and merger with WCET
The name ThinkTV was adopted for WPTD and WPTO in 1998. The rebrand won a national award from PBS.

In 2000, the ThinkTV stations and WCET began sharing a senior executive, Scott Elliott, who had previously only worked at WCET. While the employee-sharing did not represent a merger, it paved the way for further collaboration between the public broadcasters, who had talked four times in 25 years about merging. On October 31, 2008, Greater Dayton Public Television and the Greater Cincinnati Television Educational Foundation (CET), owner of WCET, announced plans to merge their resources into one non-profit organization serving all of Southwest Ohio while maintaining separate identities. In May 2009, after two years of discussions, Public Media Connect was formed as a merger of the two groups, with each continuing as local nonprofits and subsidiaries. The merger resulted in the July 2010 transfer of WCET's master control operations to ThinkTV's facilities in Dayton.

The 2000s also saw the initiation of digital telecasting from WPTD on May 1, 2003; WPTO followed suit on June 28, 2004. Originally, the station broadcast four additional channels, one in high definition, in addition to a simulcast of its main service. ThinkTV ceased analog broadcasting from Dayton and Oxford on May 1, 2009, earlier than the June 12 national transition deadline. The WPTD digital signal moved from channel 58, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to channel 16 at that time. WPTD then moved to channel 35 on October 18, 2019, as part of the FCC's spectrum reallocation process.

In July 2019, ThinkTV and WCET lost all service for nearly four days due to the failure of a multiplexer in the master control power supply at ThinkTV in downtown Dayton. That November, WPTD temporarily broadcast the main channel of WHIO-TV (channel 7) for three days after the station suffered a transmitter failure.

Fogarty retired as president of Public Media Connect in June 2020. That year also saw WCET and ThinkTV combine their previously separate annual auction fundraisers.

Subchannels
WPTD's signal is multiplexed, including a subchannel of WRGT-TV as part of Dayton's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) hosting arrangement:

{{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

Translators
On September 19, 1977, translators for WPTD were activated at Celina (channel 17, W17AA) and Maplewood (channel 63, W63AH). The signal from WPTD was received at Maplewood, rebroadcast, and sent on to Celina. This filled in a gap in public television coverage between WPTD, WBGU-TV, and WOSU-TV, though in later years some of the area served received an upgraded signal from WPTD itself.

Both transmitter sites were on towers owned by the state of Ohio, which began planning a next-generation tower system in the late 2000s and intended to demolish the Maplewood site if ownership was not transitioned to Shelby County. The county then sold the site at auction. On March 30, 2010, W63AH lost its ability to use the tower at Maplewood and was taken off the air; on January 5, 2011, the state of Ohio shut off power to the Celina translator in anticipation of dismantling the tower. The Maplewood translator was then moved to another tower near Celina, where it began service in January 2011 as W32DS-D; from this location, the translator now covers Celina. Due to interference that would be caused to a repacked WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the translator moved to channel 25 as W25FI-D in January 2020.

title: WPTD


text:
Freedom Yachts

Freedom Yachts was the maker of the Freedom (sail) and Legacy (power) yacht brands. The Freedom sailboats have unstayed rigs, meaning that the mast is freestanding and not supported by the normal set of wires called standing rigging. Garry Hoyt, a champion sailor and noted maverick, created the unstayed rigs to give "freedom" from the inefficient sail shapes of traditional sloop rigs as well as to give "freedom" from the compression and maintenance issues associated with standing rigging. A known issue with this style of mast, however, is that in rough seas it can break loose, causing a potential holing (pounds through the bottom of the hull). This is commonly due to the tangs that hold it in place failing. The masts are made of carbon fiber and are set well forward on the boat. This means most of the sail area is contained in the mainsail. Jib sails can either be overlapping or self-tending.

Gary Hoyt founded Freedom Yachts in 1976 with the Freedom 40. All the boats were built by Tillotson Pearson for Freedom Yachts.

Hoyt sold Freedom Yachts to Tillotson-Pearson in 1985 after some slow years. He used naval architects from the Herreshoff design offices for his early designs and in the early 1980s commissioned a 39 feet pilothouse design from Ron Holland. Tillotson-Pearson brought Gary Mull on board as designer for a new series of great sailing, conventional looking boats. David Pedrick designed for the (again) new owners starting in the mid 1990s after Tillotson-Pearson Composites sold the yacht division off.

Boats produced
Boats produced under company name include:

 * Freedom 40 AC - 1976
 * Freedom 40 CC - 1976
 * Freedom 28 Cat Ketch - 1979
 * Freedom 33 - 1979
 * Freedom 25 - 1981
 * Freedom 35 Cat Ketch - 1981
 * Freedom 44 Cat Ketch - 1981
 * Freedom 21 - 1982
 * Freedom 32 - 1983
 * Freedom 39 - 1983
 * Freedom 39 PH - 1983
 * Freedom 29 - 1984
 * Freedom 36 - 1985
 * Freedom 36 Cat Ketch - 1985
 * Freedom 28 - 1986
 * Freedom 30 - 1986
 * Freedom 42 - 1987
 * Freedom 45 AC - 1987
 * Freedom 45 CC - 1987
 * Freedom 27 - 1989
 * Freedom 38 - 1989
 * Freedom 32-2 - 1992
 * Freedom 35 - 1993
 * Freedom 40/40 - 1993
 * Freedom 24 - 1994
 * Independence 20 - 1999

title: Freedom Yachts


text:
The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye

The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye is the debut studio album by Marvin Gaye, released in 1961, and the second long-playing album (TM-221) released by Motown. The first was Hi... We're the Miracles (TM-220). It is most notable as the album that caused the first known struggle of Gaye's turbulent tenure with the label.

Background
Between his release from the U.S. Air Force in 1957 and signing with Motown Records's Tamla label in 1961, Marvin Gaye was struggling to find his identity in the music business. A long admirer of different forms of music from early rock 'n' roll, blues, jazz and doo-wop, Gaye sought to mix the styles of Nat King Cole, Billy Eckstine, Little Willie John and Jesse Belvin, first getting involved in groups such as the Marquees, which he joined following his honorable discharge from a tenure in the Air Forces, which soon replaced the original members of Harvey Fuqua's group The Moonglows under the moniker, Harvey and the New Moonglows, with Reese Palmer doing most of the leads though Gaye did take some lead vocal parts, including speaking in the intro and ending of the single, "The Twelve Months of the Year", and sung all lead in the song, "Mama Loochie". Both songs were released on the Chess label in 1959 and during this period the group sung background for notable Chess acts including Chuck Berry on the song "Almost Grown", and Etta James' "Chained to My Rocking Chair".

After living in Chicago for two years and following a tour in Detroit, Fuqua decided to split up the group and take Gaye with him to help get him work in the musically-developing city. Fuqua then signed Gaye to a contract with his Harvey and Tri-Phi Records and also assigned him to work with his then-girlfriend Gwen Gordy's Anna label. Gaye would do drumming work for acts on Tri-Phi and Harvey including, most notably, The Spinners, on their debut hit, "That's What Girls Are Made For".

In December 1960, Gaye introduced himself to Motown CEO Berry Gordy at Motown's annual Christmas party by playing piano and singing "Mr. Sandman". Gordy was impressed with Gaye and later began working out a negotiation deal with Fuqua to sign the young singer to Gordy's Motown empire. Fuqua agreed to sell 50% of his interest in Gaye to Gordy, which led to Gordy presenting Gaye with a lucrative deal, which he signed with the following month. Gaye was then assigned to Motown's Tamla label, for which he'd record with for the next 20 years. In the meantime, Gaye met and fell in love with one of Gordy's sisters, Anna Gordy and the couple would begin dating during the spring of 1961, marrying within a year.

Recording and release
Shortly after Gaye signed to Tamla, the label and the young singer soon clashed with musical direction. While the label was recording R&B music for teenagers, Marvin, who admired Nat King Cole and Ray Charles, wanted to record more "adult" music, including jazz and pop standards. Gaye had noted that Cole and Charles had found bigger success recording more adult music and after seeing that Charles had had success recording jazz music, rather than just R&B, he felt he could do similar. Gaye, who later admitted that growing up, he was told not to dance, also wanted to "sit on a stool and croon" rather than "shake my ass onstage" saying that his voice was what people paid attention to and not his dancing. After much push, Gaye finally was allowed to record an album of jazz standards with a compromise that he'd record a couple of songs with an R&B feel. Recording his vocals in a relaxed tone, Gaye also played drums and piano on the album while Berry Gordy oversaw much of the album's production. Anna Gordy was another collaborator, co-writing the R&B song "Never Let You Go (Sha-Lu-Bop)" for her boyfriend. The album was recorded over two weeks and was released on June 8, 1961. Before the release of his first single, the Berry Gordy-composed ballad "Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide", Gaye added an extra 'e' to his last name, to look "more professional".

The album was not given much attention upon its release. "Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide" failed to become a major hit, though it was a regional hit in the Midwest and on the West Coast. The label released two more singles from the album, which featured Gaye still singing in a smooth tenor. His style soon changed to include gospel inflections, which helped to bring him success after he released his first hit, "Stubborn Kind of Fellow", in 1962. Motown Records, at the time of this album's release, was still a fledgling operation, with only The Miracles, The Marvelettes, and Mary Wells as successful acts. Gaye's jazz ambitions continued after the album's release and throughout the 1960s. He recorded three more albums featuring jazz covers, none of which resonated well with audiences used to the singer's grittier R&B work during the sixties.

title: The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye


text:
User talk:Poiballs

Welcome!
Hello, Poiballs, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  01:21, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

 * Sure, no problem! Thanks for the message, and don't worry; you're doing great! Sango  123  13:42, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Poiballs


text: User talk:65.10.113.134

title: User talk:65.10.113.134


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Texas Rangers (NFL)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete as verifiable nonsense/hoax. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 21:15, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Texas Rangers (NFL)
FictitousNFL.com BirgitteSB 01:22, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Binadot 01:58, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. -- Grev -- Talk 02:15, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete definitely fictious. --EMS | Talk 03:02, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. -- BD2412 talk 03:05, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 08:57, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above.-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:00, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete - what nice nonsense! --Idont Havaname 18:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Martha Soukup

Martha Soukup (born 20 July 1959 in Aurora, Illinois) is a science fiction author and playwright for the Monday Night PlayGround emerging playwrights group. In 2003, she won their annual June Anne Baker Prize commission.

The 1994 short film Override, directed by Danny Glover, was based on her short story "Over the Long Haul".

Biography
She attended the Clarion science fiction writing workshop in 1985, with such other emerging SF talents as Robert J. Howe, Geoffrey A. Landis, Kristine Kathryn Rusch, William Shunn, and Mary Turzillo.

She lives in San Francisco, California.

Collections

 * Rosemary's Brain: And Other Tales of Wonder (1992)
 * Wildside Press - ISBN 1-880448-08-4
 * With introduction by John Gregory Betancourt.

 * Arbitrary Placement of Walls (1997)
 * Dreamhaven Books - ISBN 0-9630944-9-1 (Hardback) - ISBN 0-9630944-8-3 (Paperback)
 * Contains the Nebula-award winning story "A Defense of the Social Contracts". With introduction by Neil Gaiman.

Short-stories

 * Plowshare - (1992) (collected in Mike Resnick's alternate history anthology Alternate Presidents)
 * Rosemary’s Brain - (1992) (collected in Mike Resnick's alternate history anthology Alternate Kennedys)
 * Good Girl, Bad Dog - (1994) (collected in Mike Resnick's alternate history anthology Alternate Outlaws)

Awards and nominations

 * 1991: Nominee, Hugo Award for Best Novelette for "Over the Long Haul"
 * 1991: Nominee, Nebula Award for Best Novelette for "Over the Long Haul"
 * 1992: Nominee, Hugo Award for Best Short Story for "Dog's Life"
 * 1992: Nominee, Nebula Award for Best Short Story for "Dog's Life"
 * 1993: Nominee, World Fantasy Award for Best Short Fiction for "The Arbitrary Placement of Walls"
 * 1993: Nominee, Hugo Award for Best Short Story for "The Arbitrary Placement of Walls"
 * 1993: Nominee, Nebula Award for Best Short Story for "The Arbitrary Placement of Walls"
 * 1994: Nominee, Nebula Award for Best Novelette for "Things Not Seen"
 * 1994: Nominee, Hugo Award for Best Short Story for "The Story So Far"
 * 1995: Winner, Nebula Award for Best Short Story for "A Defense of the Social Contracts"

title: Martha Soukup


text:
John Richmond

John Richmond may refer to:

 * John P. Richmond (1811–1895), American Methodist missionary
 * John Richmond (diplomat) (1909–1990), British diplomat and author
 * John Richmond (fashion designer) (born 1960), English fashion designer
 * John Richmond (English footballer) (1938–2018), English footballer
 * John Richmond (Australian footballer) (born 1943), Australian rules footballer
 * John Richmond (lawyer) (1765–1846), friend of Robert Burns the poet
 * John Richmond (shortstop) (1855–1898), American Major League Baseball shortstop
 * John Lee Richmond (1857–1929), American Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Eli the Eliminator (real name John Richmond, born 1958), American professional wrestler

title: John Richmond


text:
User:Andrewr47

Currently applying for residency program in Internal Medicine. Match day on March 15, 2007!

title: User:Andrewr47


text: User talk:61.69.12.16

title: User talk:61.69.12.16


text:
Ursa Minor Dwarf

The Ursa Minor Dwarf is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy, discovered by A.G. Wilson of the Lowell Observatory, in the United States, during the Palomar Sky Survey in 1955. It appears in the Ursa Minor constellation, and is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. The galaxy consists mainly of older stars and seems to house little to no ongoing star formation. Its centre is around 225,000 light years distant from Earth.

Evolutionary history
In 1999, Kenneth Mighell and Christopher Burke used the Hubble Space Telescope to confirm that the Ursa Minor dwarf galaxy had a straightforward evolutionary history with a single burst of star formation that lasted around 2 billion years and took place around 14 billion years ago, and that the galaxy was probably as old as the Milky Way itself.

title: Ursa Minor Dwarf


text:
User:Eliezer~enwiki/monobook.js

//

// User:Lupin/popups.js - please include this line mw.loader.load(            'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/popups.js'             + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s');

simplePopups=true;

function addlilink(tabs, url, name){ var na = document.createElement('a'); na.href = url; na.appendChild(document.createTextNode(name)); var li = document.createElement('li'); li.appendChild(na); tabs.appendChild(li); return li; }

////////////////////////////////////////// // Tabs by Korath // returns  name ///////////////////////////////////////// function addlilink(url, name) { var na = document.createElement('a'); na.setAttribute('href', url);

var txt = document.createTextNode(name); na.appendChild(txt);

var li = document.createElement('li'); li.appendChild(na); return li; }

// appends msg to the currently-editted page, sets the summary to summ, // and marks or unmarks the Watch this page checkbox according to watch. function edit_summary_watch(msg, summ, watch, line) { var f = document.editform, t = f.wpTextbox1; if ((t.value.length > 0) && (line == 1)) t.value += '\n'; t.value += msg; f.wpSummary.value = summ; f.wpWatchthis.checked = watch; }

function vfddelete{ document.forms.deleteconfirm.wpReason.value = 'Wikipedia( talk)?):/, ) + ; }

// adds various tabs to call the above function add_tabs { var c1 = document.getElementById('column-one'); var tabs = c1.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].getElementsByTagName('ul')[0];

// Only add for pages with "Editing User talk:" somewhere in the title if (document.title.indexOf("Editing User talk:") != -1) {     tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~", "", false, 1)',"Welc")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~", "", false, 1)',"WelcIP")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "warning", false, 1)',"BV")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Warning 1", false, 1)',"T1")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Warning 2", false, 1)',"T2")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Warning 2a", false, 1)',"T2a")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Warning 2b", false, 1)',"T2b")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Warning 3", false, 1)',"T3")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "Last warning before block", false, 1)',"T4")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch("\n", "Blocked", false, 1)',"T5")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch("", "Blocked", false, 1)',"BL")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch("~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "", false, 1)',"NT")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "", false, 1)',"S1")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "", false, 1)',"S2")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "", false, 1)',"RVFD")); tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:edit_summary_watch(" ~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n", "", false, 1)',"Blank"));

}   if(document.title.indexOf("Confirm delete - Delete") != -1) {       tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:vfddelete', 'VFD', '')); } }

if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", add_tabs, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", add_tabs);

function hidevfd{ var divs = document.getElementsByTagName("div"); for(var x = 0; x < divs.length; ++x) if(divs[x].className.indexOf("vfd") != -1) divs[x].style.display = "none"; document.getElementById('footer').style.display = 'none'; }

function showvfd{ var divs = document.getElementsByTagName("div"); for(var x = 0; x < divs.length; ++x) if(divs[x].className.indexOf("vfd") != -1) divs[x].style.display = ""; document.getElementById('footer').style.display = ''; }

function vfdlinks{ var tabs = document.getElementById('p-cactions').getElementsByTagName('ul')[0]; if(document.title.indexOf("Wikipedia:Articles for deletion") == 0){ add_link2('javascript:hidevfd', 'hide'); add_link2('javascript:showvfd', 'show'); } }

if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load",vfdlinks,false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload",vfdlinks);

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // AutoVFD by Korath // This needs to change depending on skin used. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// function add_link2(url, name) { var na = document.createElement('a'); na.setAttribute('href', url); na.appendChild(document.createTextNode(name));

var li = document.createElement('li'); li.appendChild(na);

var tabs = document.getElementById('p-cactions').getElementsByTagName('ul')[0]; tabs.appendChild(li); }

function strip_namespace(target) { var colon = target.indexOf(':'); if (colon != -1) {     var spaces = new Array('User', 'Wikipedia', 'Image', 'MediaWiki', 'Template', 'Help', 'Category'); var ns = target.substring(0, colon); if (ns == '' || ns == 'Talk') return target.substring(colon + 1); else for (var i = 0; i < spaces.length; ++i) {           if (ns == spaces[i]                || ns == spaces[i] + '_talk') return target.substring(colon + 1); }   }

return target; } function copyvio { document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = '{' + '{' + 'copyvio|url=}}'; document.editform.wpSummary.value = 'copyvio';

var target = document.editform.action; target = target.substring(target.indexOf('title=') + 6,                           target.lastIndexOf('&action=submit'));

var months = new Array('January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'); var date = new Date; date = months[date.getUTCMonth] + '_' + date.getUTCDate;

var pagename = strip_namespace(target);

window.open('/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Copyright_problems&action=edit&fakeaction=copyviolist&faketarget=' + pagename,             'status,toolbar,location,menubar,directories,resizeable,scrollbars'); }

function autocopyvio { if (document.title.indexOf('Editing ') == 0) {     var action = ''; var target = ''; if (location.search) {         var l = location.search.substring(1).split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < l.length; ++i) {             var eq = l[i].indexOf('='); var name = l[i].substring(0, eq); if (name == 'fakeaction') action = l[i].substring(eq + 1); else if (name == 'faketarget') target = unescape(l[i].substring(eq + 1)).replace(/_/g, ' '); }       }

if (action == 'copyviolist') {         var index = document.editform.wpTextbox1.value.lastIndexOf("\n==Footer=="); if (index == -1) {           window.alert("Couldn't find footer\n\n"); }         else {           var firsthalf = document.editform.wpTextbox1.value.substr(0,index); var secondhalf = document.editform.wpTextbox1.value.substr(index); document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = firsthalf + '*' +  + target +  + ' from [' + '] ~' + '' + '~\n' + secondhalf; //           document.editform.wpTextbox1.SelectionStart = document.editform.wpTextbox1.Text.Length; //           document.editform.wpTextbox1.SelectionLength = 0; //           document.editform.wpTextbox1.ScrollToCaret; document.editform.wpSummary.value = 'Copyvio ' +  + target + ; }       }      //else // add_link2('javascript:copyvio', 'copyvio'); } }

if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener('load', autocopyvio, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent('onload', autocopyvio);

function vfd { document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = '{' + '{' + 'subst:afd}}\n' + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; document.editform.wpSummary.value = 'AfD'; document.editform.wpWatchthis.checked = true;

var target = document.editform.action; target = target.substring(target.indexOf('title=') + 6,                           target.lastIndexOf('&action=submit'));

var months = new Array('January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'); var date = new Date; date = date.getUTCFullYear + '_' + months[date.getUTCMonth] + '_' + date.getUTCDate;

var pagename = strip_namespace(target);

window.open('/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/' + pagename + '&action=edit&fakeaction=vfdsub&faketarget=' + target,             'Vfd ' + unescape(target),              'status,toolbar,location,menubar,directories,resizable,scrollbars'); window.open('/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/' + date + '&action=edit&fakeaction=vfdlist&faketarget=' + pagename,             'VfdLog ' + unescape(target),              'status,toolbar,location,menubar,directories,resizable,scrollbars'); }

function closevfd(result) { 	if(result == 1) {	       document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = " \'\'\'KEEP\'\'\'. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n" + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; edit_summary_watch("", "close - keep", false, 0); }

else if(result == 2) {	       document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = " \'\'\'MERGE\'\'\' to \'\' \'\'. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n" + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; edit_summary_watch("", "close - merge+redir", false, 0); }

else if(result == 3) {	       document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = " \'\'\'REDIRECT\'\'\' to \'\' \'\'. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n" + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; edit_summary_watch("", "close - redir", false, 0); }       else if (result ==4) {	       document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = " \'\'\'DELETE\'\'\'. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n" + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; edit_summary_watch("", "close - delete", false, 0); }       else if (result ==5) {	       document.editform.wpTextbox1.value = " \'\'\'NO CONSENSUS\'\'\'. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~\n" + document.editform.wpTextbox1.value; edit_summary_watch("", "close - no consensus", false, 0); } }

function vfdvote(vote) {	if (vote == 1) edit_summary_watch("*\'\'\'Delete\'\'\' -~"+"~"+"~"+"~", document.editform.wpSummary.value + "delete", true, 0); else if (vote == 2) edit_summary_watch("*\'\'\'Keep\'\'\' -~"+"~"+"~"+"~", document.editform.wpSummary.value + "keep", true, 0); else if (vote == 3) edit_summary_watch("*\'\'\'Merge\'\'\' -~"+"~"+"~"+"~", document.editform.wpSummary.value + "merge", true, 0); else if (vote == 4) edit_summary_watch("*\'\'\'Redirect\'\'\' -~"+"~"+"~"+"~", document.editform.wpSummary.value + "redirect", true, 0);

}

function vfdtalk(result) {    boiler1 = "=" + "=Articles for Deletion debate=" + "=\nThis article "; boiler2 = " an [" + "[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|Articles for Deletion]" + "] debate. The discussion can be found [" + "[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/{" + "{subst" + ":PAGENAME}" + "}|here]" + "]. -~" + "~" + "~" + "~";

if(result == 1) edit_summary_watch(boiler1 + "survived" + boiler2, document.editform.wpSummary.value + "link to AfD", false, 0); else if (result == 2) edit_summary_watch(boiler1 + "was merged with and redirected to \'\' \'\' as a result of" + boiler2, document.editform.wpSummary.value + "link to AfD", false, 0); else if (result == 3) edit_summary_watch(boiler1 + "was redirected to \'\' \'\' as a result of" + boiler2, document.editform.wpSummary.value + "link to AfD", false, 0);

}

function deletiontags {       if (document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Votes for deletion") != -1 || document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Pages for deletion") != -1 || document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Articles for deletion") != -1) {           add_link2('javascript:vfdvote(1)', 'v - d'); add_link2('javascript:vfdvote(2)', 'v - k'); add_link2('javascript:vfdvote(3)', 'v - m'); add_link2('javascript:vfdvote(4)', 'v - r'); add_link2('javascript:closevfd(1)', 'c - k'); add_link2('javascript:closevfd(2)', 'c - m'); add_link2('javascript:closevfd(3)', 'c - r'); add_link2('javascript:closevfd(4)', 'c - d'); add_link2('javascript:closevfd(5)', 'c - nc'); }       else if (document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Votes for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Pages for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Articles for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Talk:") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing User talk:") == -1) {           add_link2('javascript:vfd', 'vfd'); add_link2('javascript:copyvio', 'copyvio'); }       else if (document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Votes for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Pages for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Wikipedia:Articles for deletion") == -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing Talk:") != -1 && document.title.indexOf("Editing User talk:") == -1) {           add_link2('javascript:vfdtalk(1)','afd - k'); add_link2('javascript:vfdtalk(2)','afd - m'); add_link2('javascript:vfdtalk(3)','afd - r'); } }

function autovfd { if (document.title.indexOf('Editing ') == 0) {     var action = ''; var target = ''; if (location.search) {         var l = location.search.substring(1).split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < l.length; ++i) {             var eq = l[i].indexOf('='); var name = l[i].substring(0, eq); if (name == 'fakeaction') action = l[i].substring(eq + 1); else if (name == 'faketarget') target = unescape(l[i].substring(eq + 1)).replace(/_/g, ' '); }       }

if (action == 'vfdlist') {         document.editform.wpTextbox1.value += '\n'; document.editform.wpSummary.value = 'Articles for deletion/' + target + ''; document.editform.wpWatchthis.checked = false; }     else if (action == 'vfdsub') {         if (document.editform.wpTextbox1.value.length > 0) {             target = document.editform.action; target = unescape(target.substring(target.indexOf('title=') + 6, target.lastIndexOf('&action=submit'))).replace(/_/g, ' '); window.alert("There's an old vfd at the default location already.\n\n" +                          'Please either move it out of the way (and update existing links to it), or file the Vfd by hand in another location (such as ' + target + ' (2)).'); }         else {           document.editform.wpTextbox1.value += " -~" + "~" + "~" + "~"; document.editform.wpSummary.value = 'Nominate'; document.editform.wpWatchthis.checked = true; }       }      else deletiontags; } }

if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener('load', autovfd, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent('onload', autovfd);

// Returns  name function addlilink(url, name) { var na = document.createElement('a'); na.setAttribute('href', url);

var txt = document.createTextNode(name); na.appendChild(txt);

var li = document.createElement('li'); li.appendChild(na); return li; }

//function do_onload //{ // if (document.title.indexOf('User:') == 0 //      || document.title.indexOf('User talk:') == 0) //   add_block_tab; //}

// Adds a "blocklog" tab and fills in the username field on Special:Blockip, if a "&faketarget=username" is present. function do_blockip_stuff { // focus on Reason field document.getElementsByName('wpBlockReason')[0].focus;

// Look for a &faketarget= for the username/ip var l = location.search.substring(1).split('&'); var target = ''; for (var i = 0; i < l.length; ++i) {     var n = l[i].indexOf('='); if (l[i].substring(0, n) == 'faketarget') {	 target = l[i].substring(n + 1); break; }   }

if (target == '') return;

// put account name in "IP Address/username" field var addr = document.getElementsByName('wpBlockAddress')[0]; addr.value = unescape(target);

// add "blocklog" tab var c1 = document.getElementById('column-one'); var tabs = c1.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].getElementsByTagName('ul')[0]; tabs.appendChild(addlilink('/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=block&user=&page=User%3A' + target, 'blocklog')); }

// Opens the block log in the current window, and Special:Blockip in a popup. // Width, height, top, and left are chosen for a 1600x1200 display. function blockpage_and_log(target) { window.open('/w/index.php?title=Special%3ABlockip&faketarget=' + target, 'Block', 'width=1400,height=525,top=525,left=0'); document.location.href = 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=block&user=&page=User%3A' + target; }

// Adds "block" and "blocklog" tabs to User: and User talk: pages. function add_block_tab { var c1 = document.getElementById('column-one'); var tabs = c1.getElementsByTagName('div')[0].getElementsByTagName('ul')[0];

// use the "edit this page" tab to get already-tidied url var editlk = document.getElementById('ca-edit').getElementsByTagName('a')[0].href; // cut everything up to "title=" from the start and everything past "&action=edit" from the end editlk = editlk.substring(editlk.indexOf('title=') + 6, editlk.lastIndexOf('&action=edit')); editlk = editlk.substring(editlk.indexOf(':') + 1); var slloc = editlk.indexOf('/'); if (slloc > 0) editlk = editlk.substring(0, slloc);

// add "block" tab //tabs.appendChild(addlilink('/w/index.php?title=Special%3ABlockip&faketarget=' + editlk, 'block'));

// To open the block page and block log simultaneously, replace the above line with: tabs.appendChild(addlilink('javascript:blockpage_and_log("' + editlk + '")', 'Block')); // and uncomment the blockpage_and_log function above.

// add "blocklog" tab tabs.appendChild(addlilink('/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=block&user=&page=User%3A' + editlk, 'blocklog'));

//add "contributions" tab tabs.appendChild(addlilink('/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Contributions&target=User%3A' + editlk, 'contributions'));

}

function do_onload { if (document.title.indexOf('User:') == 0      || document.title.indexOf('User talk:') == 0) add_block_tab; else if (document.title.indexOf('Block user') == 0) // could stand to be more robust do_blockip_stuff; }

if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", do_onload, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", do_onload);

if ( document.createElement && window.addEventListener ) {	function SoFixItInit // pre-load, (don't want to slow down loading of article's content, though) {

}

function SoFixItLoad // post-load {		UserMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-personal'  ); PageMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-cactions'  ); NavMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-navigation' ); //ToolMenu = new PortletMenu( 'p-tb'        );

//	This is inefficient and not particularly robust. //	This comes first, I want this link to come up as //	fast as possible. //		function GetByClass( sElem, sClass ) {	var i, a2 = [], a = document.getElementsByTagName( sElem ); for ( i = 0; i < a.length; i++ ) if ( a[ i ].className == sClass ) a2.push( a[ i ] ); return a2; }		var a, td = GetByClass( 'td', 'diff-otitle' ); if ( ( td = td[ 0 ] ) && ( a = td.getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ] ) ) a.href = a.href + '&action=edit'; // need to change text, later

var userName = UserMenu.getText( 'pt-userpage' );

// personal (top-most) menu //			//		Splash Talk  Prefs  Watch  List  Contribs  Kate  Logs  #IRC  Out //		UserMenu.setText( 'pt-mytalk'   , 'talk'  ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-preferences', 'prefs' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-watchlist', 'watch' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-mycontris', 'contribs' ); UserMenu.setText( 'pt-logout'   , 'out'   ); //		UserMenu.setHref( 'pt-mycontris',			'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=' +			userName + '&offset=0&limit=500' ); //			//			//	it seems there is a stylesheet that makes them lowercase //			//		ok, the lowercased menu items are starting to really bug me: //		document.getElementById( 'p-personal' ).getElementsByTagName( 'ul' )[0].style.textTransform = 'none'; //		UserMenu.insertBefore( 'pt-mycontris', 'pt-list', 'list', '/wiki/Special:Watchlist/edit' ); UserMenu.insertBefore( 'pt-logout' , 'pt-logs', 'logs',			'/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&user=' + userName ); UserMenu.insertBefore( 'pt-logout' , 'pt-irc' , '#irc', 'irc://irc.freenode.net/wikipedia' ); UserMenu.insertBefore( 'pt-logs'   , 'pt-kate', 'kate',			'javascript:void InlineKate( "' + userName + '" )' );

//	so I always know what time it is in UTC land: //		UserMenu.append( 'pt-utc', UTCTime, 'javascript:void UserMenu.setText("pt-utc",UTCTime)' );

//	article-actions menu, (the "tabs") //		if ( PageMenu[ 'ca-history' ] ) // theory: if it has a history tab, then it's purgable {			PageMenu.insertBefore( 'ca-history', 'ca-lastdiff', 'Last Diff',				PageMenu.getHref( 'ca-history' ).replace( /action=history/, 'diff=0' ) );

PageMenu.append( 'ca-purge', 'Purge',				PageMenu.getHref( 'ca-history' ).replace( /action=history/, 'action=purge' ) ); }

var x = 1; //NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'monobook.js', '/wiki/User:' + userName + '/monobook.js' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Cat:Wikipedia', '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Cat:Policies', '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Cat:Official', '/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_official_policy' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Templates', '/wiki/Wikipedia:Template' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Cleanup tags', '/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup' ); NavMenu.append( 'n-' + x++, 'Stub sorts', '/wiki/Stub_types' );

}

function PortletMenu( id ) // constructor {		this.menu = document.getElementById( id ); this.list = this.menu.getElementsByTagName( 'ul' )[ 0 ]; // bypass " Views ", etc.

//	sigh...as far as I can figure, there is empty whitespace being treated //	as TextNodes.... //		var LIs = this.list.getElementsByTagName( 'li' );

for ( var i = 0; i < LIs.length; i++ ) {			this[ LIs[ i ].id ] = LIs[ i ]; }

this.newItem = function( id, txt, url ) {	var li = document.createElement( 'li' ); li.id  = id; var a = document.createElement( 'a'  );  a.href = url;

a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( txt ) ); li.appendChild( a );

this[ id ] = li; // watch this!!!

return li; }

this.append = function( id, txt, url ) {	this.list.appendChild( this.newItem( id, txt, url ) ); }		this.insertBefore = function( old, id, txt, url ) {	this.list.insertBefore( this.newItem( id, txt, url ), this[ old ] ); }

//	the ByTagName here is a bit annoying, but in Safari, I was picking //	up TextNodes by using this[ id ].firstChild.firstChild //		this.getText = function( id     ) { return this[ id ].getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ].firstChild.data } this.setText = function( id, txt ) {       this[ id ].getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ].firstChild.data = txt }

this.getHref = function( id     ) { return this[ id ].getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ].href       } this.setHref = function( id, url ) {       this[ id ].getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ].href = url } //	I add em as I need em.... }

function InlineKate( user ) {		var kate = 'http://kohl.wikimedia.org/~kate/cgi-bin/count_edits?dbname=enwiki&user=' + user;

var div = document.createElement( 'div' ); div.id = 'inlineKateDiv'; div.style.position = 'absolute'; div.style.zIndex  = 1000; div.style.left    =  '20px'; div.style.top     =  '20px'; div.style.backgroundColor = '#FFFFFF'; div.style.borderStyle    = 'solid'; div.style.borderWidth    = ' medium'; div.style.borderColor    = '#000000';

var top = document.createElement( 'div' ); top.id = 'inlineKateTop'; top.style.textAlign = 'right'; top.style.margin = '8px'; top.style.backgroundColor = '#DDDDDD';

var a = document.createElement( 'a' ); a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( "Go to Kate's" ) ); a.href   = kate; a.target = '_parent'; a.style.margin = '8px';

top.appendChild( a );

a = document.createElement( 'a' ); a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( 'Close' ) ); a.href   = "javascript:void RemoveNode('inlineKateDiv')"; a.style.margin = '8px';

top.appendChild( a );

div.appendChild( top );

var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id  = 'inlineKateBot'; iframe.style.width = '300px'; iframe.style.height = '400px'; iframe.style.margin =  '8px'; iframe.style.borderStyle = 'solid'; iframe.style.borderWidth = 'thin'; iframe.style.borderColor = '#000000'; iframe.src = kate;

div.appendChild( iframe );

document.body.appendChild( div ); }

function RemoveNode( id ) {	var node = document.getElementById( id ) node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); }

function UTCTime {			//	Get a date stamp for the time in UTC-land. //			//	for the future: a format arg //		var s = '', d = new Date, a = 'Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'.split(' '); return	d.getUTCDate + ' ' + a[ d.getUTCMonth ] + ' ' + d.getUTCFullYear + ' ' + ( '0' + d.getUTCHours  ).substr( -2 ) + ':' + ( '0' + d.getUTCMinutes ).substr( -2 ) + ' ' + 'UTC'; }

SoFixItInit; window.addEventListener( 'load', SoFixItLoad, false ); }

//	Released into the public domain by User:Func function NUPatrol {	if ( window.location.href.indexOf( 'Special:Log/newusers'       ) < 0 &&	     window.location.href.indexOf( '&type=newusers' ) < 0  ) return;

var items, item, i, links, user, name, talk, contribs, insertLoc, link;

items = document.getElementById( 'bodyContent' ).getElementsByTagName( 'ul' )[ 0 ].getElementsByTagName( 'li' );

function NewLink( txt, url, plainlinks, linkColor ) {	var a = document.createElement( 'a' ); a.appendChild( document.createTextNode( txt ) ); a.href = url; if ( plainlinks ) a.className = 'plainlinks'; if ( linkColor ) {	if ( typeof linkColor == "string" ) a.style.color = linkColor; else	a.style.color = '#FF0000'; // old default behavior }		return a;	}

for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ ) {		item = items[ i ]; links = item.getElementsByTagName( 'a' );

user = links[ 0 ]; name = user.firstChild.nodeValue; talk = links[ 2 ]; talk.firstChild.nodeValue = 'talk'; // lowercase 'Talk' for consistency contribs = links[ 3 ];

insertLoc = user.nextSibling; // ' newusers '

item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ' ( ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( talk, insertLoc ); item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ', ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( contribs, insertLoc ); item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ', ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( NewLink( 'actions', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&user=' + name, true, '#000088' ), insertLoc ); item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ', ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( NewLink( 'blocks', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=block&page=User%3A' + name, true, '#008800' ), insertLoc ); item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ', ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( NewLink( 'is blocked?', '/wiki/Special:Ipblocklist?action=search&ip=' + name, true, '#888800' ), insertLoc ); item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ', ' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( NewLink( 'do block!', '/w/index.php?title=Special:Blockip&ip=' + name, true, '#880000' ), insertLoc );

item.insertBefore( document.createTextNode( ' )' ), insertLoc );

item.removeChild( insertLoc.nextSibling ); // should remove the span item.removeChild( insertLoc ); // should remove ' newusers ' text } } if ( window.addEventListener ) window.addEventListener( 'load', NUPatrol, false ); else if ( window.attachEvent ) window.attachEvent( 'onload', NUPatrol );

//

title: User:Eliezer~enwiki/monobook.js


text:
Guardian Heroes

Guardian Heroes is a 2D side-scrolling beat 'em up video game developed by Treasure and released by Sega in 1996 for the Sega Saturn video game console. The game resembles Final Fight or Golden Axe, but with RPG elements. The development team called it a "fighting RPG". A sequel was released in 2004 for the Game Boy Advance entitled Advance Guardian Heroes.

The game allows players to alter the storyline through their actions, such as choosing between a number of branching paths, leading to multiple endings, and killing civilians and enemies, leading to changes in the Karma meter. The music was composed by Nazo² Suzuki and Norio Hanzawa. Hideki Matsutake, a former member of electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra, is credited as playing the synthesizer for the score. It is considered a cult classic of the beat 'em up genre.

Gameplay
In addition to the story mode, the game includes a versus mode wherein up to six players can compete using any of the main characters (and unlockable monsters, bosses, and civilians) in a timed battle or to the death.

The players earn experience points during each scene, and between scenes are able to improve and customize their characters with six attributes: Strength (determines physical damage per hit and distance enemies fly when the character hits them), Vitality (determines HP), Intelligence (governs size and strength of the character's spells), Mental Protection (determines MP and how effectively the character can resist magic attacks), Agility (determines how fast the character moves and executes physical and magical attacks), and Luck (modifies damage the character gives and receives, in addition to improving Nicole's selection of spells).

The game's story mode has multiple paths. The player can choose where they will go and what they do after every level. Different paths lead to different endings, bosses, and levels.

The battlefield has multiple levels. Initially, the player can only access three planes of battle: a foreplane, a middle plane, and a backplane. These planes can be switched between in a set sequence, or at the player's choosing based on which button is pressed. Often, evasive actions can be taken by switching a plane.

Story
A supreme being created the universe to find ultimate warriors to hire as its personal soldiers. A vicious battle was waged between the Earth and Sky Spirits (renamed the Earthblood and the Skyborn in the Xbox 360 Remix). The Sky Spirits bestowed incredible powers upon the humans, effectively making powerful wizards for their own gain. The human wizards joined the effort against the Earth Spirits, banishing them into the darkness. Soon after this was accomplished, the Sky Spirits grew fearful and jealous of the humans, and banished them all into the darkness with the Earth Spirits. Mankind instead opted for a more physical approach to life, and the Time of the Sword began.

One of the human wizards, Kanon, escapes his imprisonment with the Earth Spirits, and comes back to the surface to get his revenge on the Sky Spirits. There, he brings his case up with the existing khans. Since they do not trust him, he destroys them and replaces their kingdom with a wizard kingdom, with puppet khans to do his will. The former king prophesied, prior to his death, that should his reign and the Time of the Sword be brought to such an end, then the sword would resurface and in turn bring an end to Kanon's reign. As a precaution, Kanon banishes every existing sword in his new kingdom, but he overlooks one particular sword, belonging to a fierce, anonymous warrior who fought to the death during Kanon's takeover. Also, the former princess Serena survives the ordeal, and joins the band of knights to try to bring about Kanon's end from the inside.

At the game's start, four warriors – Han, Randy, Nicole, and Ginjiro – find the sword of the valiant warrior. Serena arrives to warn them that the knights have learned of their possession of the sword, and are coming to take it back. The four flee their home as it bursts up in flames during the invasion, then escape the town via separate ways, rendezvousing at the graveyard nearby.

The leader of the Black Knights, Valgar, awaits them there, accompanied by a powerful robotic warrior. They are unable to damage it with normal weapons, and Han resolves to use the new sword against the robot. The sword is struck by lightning, electrocuting Han and causing him to lose his grip on it. The sword then floats over to the burial mound of its original owner, who rises up in zombie form. Enraged, he obliterates Valgar's robot, and attacks Serena. However, the five discover that the warrior obeys any command that they give. They resolve that, with this new ally, the time to begin an attack on Kanon's new kingdom is at hand.

From here, the story splits into various paths. Some involve ultimately fighting against the Sky Spirits, Earth Spirits, and/or the supreme being that made the universe, while others wind up with the warriors ultimately defeating Kanon, only to have to defeat Super Zur, or various rogue robotic warriors that he had left behind, led by the nefarious Golden Silver.

Characters
The main characters in Guardian Heroes are:

 * Samuel Han: Han is a former member of the Royal Knights Blue Team. He is a strength-focused character who starts the main story with the legendary sword, which he found and pulled out of some rocks while taking a walk in the forest. His magic is fire-based.
 * Randy M. Green: Randy is a sorcerer who travels with Nando, a rabbit-like familiar who fights alongside him. He is a magic/speed character who can use wind, ice, fire, and lightning powers, and his physical attacks are fast and focused on MP recovery. Randy's master appears in-game, but is not one of the playable characters.
 * Ginjiro Ibushi: Ginjiro is a ninja who is searching for Muramasa, a sword so powerful it acquired a soul of its own. He is a fast and strong character with balanced attacks that are focused on long jumps and fast attacks for MP recovery. His magic is focused on thunder damage.
 * Nicole Neil: Nicole is a cleric with an optimistic worldview. She is a healing-focused character who fights with a staff. She has some offensive magic spells, but most of them are random and not very strong - her main purpose is to heal wounds and block attacks with her magic force field.
 * Serena Corsaire: Serena is the commander of the Royal Knights Red Team and seems to know about Han's legendary sword. She is a strong character who fights with a combination of melee and ice-based magic attacks, but is unavailable at the beginning of the game.

Other characters include:

 * Undead Warrior: The original owner of the legendary sword rises from his grave and accompanies the Guardian Heroes on their quest. He cannot be directly controlled in story mode, but players can command him to Attack, Defend, Follow, Hold, or Berserk.

Development
Development of Guardian Heroes started in June 1994. According to former Treasure designer Tetsuhiko "Han" Kikuchi, Fill-in-Cafe's Mad Stalker: Full Metal Force and Capcom's Alien VS. Predator arcade game were the main inspirations for Guardian Heroes' design. When asked why Treasure chose to develop a 2D sprite-based game when video game sales were increasingly dominated by 3D games, and when nearly every other Saturn developer was concentrating strictly on 3D games, a Treasure representative commented, "Treasure has built up a tremendous knowledge of 2D sprite know how. It's an asset that we wish to continue using. ... No we didn't think it was risky. In fact the risk is in trying to make a new game. There [are] a lot of companies that have tried and failed to make successful 3D games. Besides, 2D and 3D games can exist alongside each other."

For the XBLA release, Tetsuhiko Kikuchi returned to create new artwork and assisted development. When preparing for the project, Treasure discovered all the source code for the Saturn version was stored on DAT cassettes. The company did not have equipment to read the tapes, so they had to borrow equipment from various divisions within Sega to build an environment that could retrieve the source code.

Xbox Live Arcade version
A remastered version of Guardian Heroes for Xbox Live Arcade was released on October 12, 2011.

The port makes numerous changes to the original. It has been reformatted for 16:9 aspect ratio, expanding the playfield. The game features both original and "remix" graphics modes and runs in high definition with a remade user interface in both. The remix mode applies an hqx-like upscaling filter along with a pencil-shade effect to the sprites, implements true alpha blending, applies bilinear filtering to the backgrounds and features redrawn spell effects and character portraits.

Players can also choose between original and remix options for the gameplay. Remix mode makes many changes to the game's control and mechanics, but does not impact level design or content. Some of these changes, like the new attacking and dodging controls, air dashing, and air recoveries, were modeled after Treasure's own Bleach: The Blade of Fate, a fighting game that likewise features elements of Guardian Heroes. The script for Story Mode has been rewritten and contains updated dialogue as well as changes in name to the Earth and Sky Spirits, who are now known as the Earthblood and the Skyborn, respectively.

The XBLA release also features online play for the multiplayer modes, and an expanded competitive mode that allows for 12 players instead of six. Arcade Mode, an endless survival gauntlet, is a new addition.

This version was made backwards compatible with the Xbox One on November 6, 2016.

Reception
The game was well received. The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the game's combos, multiple paths, and inclusion of a versus mode. Rad Automatic of Sega Saturn Magazine also praised the multiple paths through the game, but expressed the most enthusiasm about the high difficulty and the three layers on which the action takes place. He concluded, "Innovative, challenging, exciting and tough, Guardian Heroes is a classic in every way." GamePro lambasted the game's long-winded dialogue and graphics, saying that "these poor, simpering graphics have no place on a next-gen machine. Colorful doesn't always mean clean, and there are plenty of jagged edges, pixelated fighters, and breakup." Despite this, the reviewer gave the game a strong recommendation, describing it as the true successor to the Streets of Rage and Golden Axe series. He elaborated that Guardian Heroes retains all the fun of Streets of Rage's beat 'em up action and enhances it with new additions like multihit combos, linking moves, and a branching storyline with multiple endings.

Tom Guise of Computer and Video Games magazine argued that the rough, blocky graphics which GamePro criticized are in fact an asset, since they allow a greater amount of action to take place on screen at once. He called the game "a monumental achievement", additionally praising the multiple routes and the flamboyant excess of the Vs. mode. His co-reviewers Paul Davies and Edward Lomas concurred, and were enthusiastic about the replay value of unlocking characters for Vs. mode. Yasuhiro Hunter of Maximum said that "Treasure's first attempt at a next gen game combines everything they do best - frantic action and an in-depth storyline with great character design." He reported that the action and RPG elements are both easy enough that enthusiasts of either genre would find the game accessible. He also highly praised the game's replay value. A reviewer for Next Generation had a more mixed reaction than other critics, commenting that "Guardian Heroes may be the pinnacle of the [side-scrolling beat-'em-up] genre, but even the best is still a bit on the mindless side." He remarked that while the graphics, lack of slowdown, and six-player versus mode would thrill die hard beat-'em-up fans, the average gamer would find the game fun but repetitive and lacking in originality.

Electronic Gaming Monthly awarded Guardian Heroes Side-Scrolling Game of the Year, explaining that, "The different characters, the numerous special and magical attacks, the branching story lines, the Versus Mode and the anime style all combined to make Guardian Heroes one of the best, most memorable games of '96." The following year EGM ranked it number 66 on their "100 Best Games of All Time", saying it had surpassed the founding games of the beat 'em up genre.

Retrospective feedback on the game has continued to be positive. IGN staff writer Levi Buchanan ranked Guardian Heroes third in his list of the top Sega Saturn games. GamesRadar ranked it as the 5th best Saturn game, stating that "Treasure's original 1996 release remains a wonderful co-op beat-'em-up experience with impressive presentation and exciting combat" It was ranked as the 4th top beat 'em up video game of all time by Heavy.com in 2013, while ScrewAttack voted it as the 5th best beat 'em up of all time. In 2023, Time Extension included the game on their top 25 "Best Beat 'Em Ups of All Time" list.

title: Guardian Heroes


text:
Theodore Fawcett

Theodore Fawcett (10 February 1832 – 21 March 1898) was an early settler in colonial Western Australia, and became a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council.

Theodore Fawcett was born at Craven Hill, London, England on 10 February 1832. The son of a colonel in the Army, he was educated at Cheltenham College, and in 1851 was commissioned in The Carabiniers (6th Dragoon Guards).

In 1859, Fawcett emigrated to Western Australia, taking up land in the Swan district. He became a Justice of the Peace in 1862. He returned to England in 1863 and 1864, where he married Eliza Hill on 30 March 1864. They had three sons and four daughters.

Fawcett returned to Western Australia in 1864, farming at Pinjarra Park near Pinjarra until 1882. He was twice acting resident magistrate for the Murray district. He was also the only brandy distiller in Western Australia.

On 28 November 1876, Fawcett contested the seat of Wellington, but was unsuccessful. Ten years later, on 12 May 1886, Fawcett won the Legislative Council seat of Murray and Williams in a by-election, holding it until 30 January 1889. He died at Pinjarra Park on 21 March 1898.

title: Theodore Fawcett


text:
You Ought to Be in Pictures

You Ought to Be in Pictures is a 1940 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes short film directed by Friz Freleng. The cartoon was released on May 18, 1940, and stars Porky Pig and Daffy Duck.

The film combined live-action and animation, and features live-action appearances by Leon Schlesinger, writer Michael Maltese, animator Gerry Chiniquy and other Schlesinger Productions staff members. The title comes from the popular 1934 song "You Oughta Be in Pictures" by Dana Suesse and Edward Heyman, which plays in the beginning of the film.

In 2016, it was shortlisted for the 1941 Retro-Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form.

Plot
Daffy wants to be the top star in the studio. To this end, he persuades Porky to resign from the Schlesinger studios to pursue a career in feature films as Bette Davis' leading man. Porky goes to Leon Schlesinger and asks to have his contract torn up. Schlesinger reluctantly agrees, and wishes Porky the best of luck. "He'll be back!" chuckles Schlesinger after Porky is out of earshot.

Porky spends the rest of the film trying to get into the lots and sets of an unnamed studio, with little success. After several failures, from convincing the security guard to let him in to dressing up as Oliver Hardy to gain access, until the guard gives chase, and inadvertently interrupting the shooting of a ballet film, he decides to see if Schlesinger will take him back. He returns to Schlesinger's office after frantically dodging his cartooned car in and out of "actual" Los Angeles traffic, only to see Daffy doing a wild audition to become the new star of Warner Bros. cartoons, openly disparaging Porky. Porky then takes Daffy with him to another room, and proceeds to beat him senseless. After this, he hurriedly runs into Schlesinger's office to beg for his job back. Schlesinger, laughing heartily and saying "I knew you'd be back!", reveals that he didn't really rip up Porky's contract, and happily tells him to get back to work. Porky gladly thanks him and runs back into the animation paper that he was in when the short started. Daffy, still not quite having learned his lesson after being beaten by Porky, again attempts to persuade Porky to resign and work with Greta Garbo, only to get splattered with a tomato.

Cast

 * Mel Blanc (voice) as Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, Factory Whistle
 * Leon Schlesinger as himself
 * Fred Jones as the animator
 * Chuck Jones as himself (cameo)
 * Bob Clampett as himself (cameo)
 * Michael Maltese as security guard (dubbed by Mel Blanc)
 * Gerry Chiniquy as director (dubbed by Mel Blanc)
 * Henry Binder and Paul Marin as stagehands (both dubbed by Mel Blanc)

Production
This film marks Friz Freleng's directorial debut with Daffy Duck upon his return to Warner Bros. Studios following a tenure at MGM's cartoon division.

The short features cameos from various studio personnel, including Leon Schlesinger, Chuck Jones, Bob Clampett, Michael Maltese, Gerry Chiniquy, Henry Binder, and Paul Marin. Additionally, the film's runtime, spanning nine minutes and 45 seconds, places it among the longest Looney Tunes cartoons of the Golden Age of Animation, with only Horton Hatches the Egg surpassing it in length.

To manage production costs, the animation team employed minimal special effects, opting instead to integrate live-action footage seamlessly with animation through innovative techniques. Stock footage from the 1936 Western California Mail was repurposed to depict Porky's journey through the studio backlot.

Reception
Animation historian Jerry Beck writes, "Predating Who Framed Roger Rabbit by several decades — in fact, it's credited with inspiring the 1988 film — You Ought to Be in Pictures is one of the most memorable of the black-and-white-era Porky Pig cartoons. It's also one of the funniest."

Home media

 * Betamax/VHS - Warner Bros. Cartoons Golden Jubilee 24-Karat Collection: Porky Pig's Screwball Comedies
 * Laserdisc - Ham on Wry: The Porky Pig Laser Collection
 * VHS - Looney Tunes: The Collectors Edition, Vol. 9 - A Looney Life
 * DVD - Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2, Disc 4
 * Blu-Ray/DVD - Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 2, Disc 1
 * DVD - Porky Pig 101, Disc 4.

title: You Ought to Be in Pictures