text:
Max Jakobson

Max Jakobson (September 30, 1923 – March 9, 2013) was a Finnish diplomat and journalist of Finnish-Jewish descent. Jakobson was an instrumental figure in shaping Finland's policy of neutrality during the Cold War.

Max Jakobson was born in 1923 in Viipuri, Finland (now Vyborg, Russia), as son of Finnish-Jewish tailor Leo Jakobsson and his ethnic Finnish wife Helmi (née Virtanen). He began his career as a journalist. He worked at the BBC. From 1953 to 1974 he was employed by the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs eventually acting as Finland's ambassador to the United Nations in 1965-1971 and Finland's Ambassador to Sweden in 1971−1974. Jakobson ran for United Nations Secretary-General in the 1971 selection. He was one of three candidates to receive the required 9 votes in the Security Council, but he was vetoed by the Soviet Union.

Jakobson was active as a commentator on Finnish politics, having written several books and numerous articles on Finnish political history and contemporary Finnish politics. He also acted as chairman of the Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity investigating Communist and Nazi crimes in Estonia.

Works

 * Englanti valinkauhassa (1952)
 * Diplomaattien talvisota (1955)
 * Kuumalla linjalla (1968)
 * Paasikivi Tukholmassa (1978). ISBN 951-1-05126-1.
 * Veteen piirretty viiva (1980). ISBN 951-1-06100-3.
 * 38. kerros (1983). ISBN 951-1-07565-9.
 * Vallanvaihto (1992). ISBN 951-1-12288-6.
 * Finland in the New Europe (1998)
 * Väkivallan vuodet, 20. vuosisadan tilinpäätös (1999). ISBN 951-1-13369-1.
 * Pelon ja toivon aika, 20. vuosisadan tilinpäätös (2001). (ISBN 951-1-16581-X.
 * Tilinpäätös, 20. vuosisadan tilinpäätös (2003). ISBN 951-1-18856-9.
 * Tulevaisuus? (2005). ISBN 951-1-20354-1.
 * Kohtalonvuodet – Suomi nousi, taipui ja selvisi (2008). ISBN 978-951-0-33113-2.
 * Tulevaisuus? (2005). ISBN 951-1-20354-1.
 * Kohtalonvuodet – Suomi nousi, taipui ja selvisi (2008). ISBN 978-951-0-33113-2.

title: Max Jakobson


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Thailand

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Thailand


text:
User talk:Jerryseinfeld/Archive 2004

Congratulations for starting the Most recent common ancestor page
In my opinion, the Most recent common ancestor page is a gem. Contratulations! And thanks! ---Rednblu 18:21, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

PPP
Hi! When linking to PPP' in relation to GDP, please do it like this: PPP. That way, people will be sent directly to the appropriate page, instead of having to select purchasing power parity from the rather overloaded PPP disambiguation page. Thanks! — David Remahl 22:04, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Kidney
Jerry, I find the see also links in Kidney not very helpful. This section should refer to truly related articles, while the overlap in scope between Na/K ATPase or norepinephrise and the kidney article is too small to qualify these articles for inclusion. JFW | T@lk  21:00, 9 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I have responded to your message on my talk page. JFW | T@lk  06:57, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Glycemic index
Hi Jerry, I moved glycemic index and glycemic load because this is Wikipedia naming policy (see the first item on that page). These terms are not names, and therefore should not be capitalised. I do this all the time, and I have certainly not singled your work out for special treatment. On the same day I also moved Edward's syndrome.

I find your reaction somewhat aggressive ("Give this guy some patients"). At the bottom of the edit window you'll see that "if you don't want your contributions edited mercilessly, don't post them". I happen to have a lot more Wikipedia experience than you, and all my edits are in good faith and with the best of intentions. Please restrain yourself. JFW | T@lk  07:28, 18 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Edit summaries
Hi, you've been making good edits so far in the finance area. But please use the edit summary box to tell other editors what change you have made and even why sometimes. That is very important to help others know what is going on. Otherwise, to verify edits, I have to sift through a lot of diffs. - Taxman 13:13, Nov 7, 2004 (UTC)

Again, please use edit summaries You seem to make good edits, but not using edit summaries causes a lot of extra work for other editors. Just note what you have changed. Please see Policies_and_guidelines. Thank you - Taxman 19:13, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Just press the button that say "diff" or "last". - Jerryseinfeld 19:18, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Phewee. Dale Carnegie.  Also, all your edits are flagged as Minor.  Please don't flag anything other than a minor change (i.e. formatting or a spelling error) as minor.  Paul Beardsell 21:32, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a good point, sorry. - Jerryseinfeld 21:33, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Such a good point that it required a minor reply? Paul Beardsell 21:40, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Where is that control panel... - Jerryseinfeld 21:41, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Pressing diff's for edits that don't need it is wasting effort. Multiply that effort over everyone else that checks them and it is probably quite a bit. All that effort could go into checking other edits that need it more. More simply, it is just polite to use edit summaries. Refusing to follow a simple policy when asked nicely, twice, is a bit rude. - Taxman 06:19, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

Economy of Europe
Hi, I noticed you'd made an edit to this new article, so was wondering if you would add your support to it's nomination for Collaboration of the Week. Simply add your support here. Obviously such a big project needs as many users with relevant knowledge as possible, so hopefully this will promote it a little. Thanks, Grunners 00:37, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Celebrity usernames
Recently, someone established the account User:Hilary Duff. Unlike your use of a celebrity name, however, this person claimed to be the Hilary Duff. In the ensuing fracas, some people argued that celebrity usernames shouldn't be allowed. I don't agree. I've started a thread on the issue at Wikipedia talk:Username. Your comments would be welcome. JamesMLane 20:54, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Commercial site in Mathematics external links
I have responded to your comment on the Talk:Mathematics page by explaining why I removed this particular link.Gandalf61 09:34, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  13:53, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Larry Ellison

 * Heh, yes the Larry Ellison picture is not so flattering... but at least it adds some humor to the article!
 * I wouldn't want to see myself eating, less Larry Ellison. - Jerryseinfeld 03:39, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Abbey plc
Hmmm. Not sure that moving the article to Abbey National plc is the correct thing to do. There was a big hoo-ha about this sort of thing a couple of months ago, when I started moving company articles to the formal company name – such as moving AstraZeneca to AstraZeneca plc. I got beat up about this, by people who said that the article should be under the 'familiar' name, which in the case of Abbey National plc is 'Abbey'. Look at Talk:AstraZeneca for the start of the discussion, and follow it to the Naming conventions page. I would back your move, because I thing the policy is ill-conceived and not backed up by facts, but strictly speaking you are going against policy.
 * I have moved the article on Abbey back to Abbey (bank) because Abbey plc is a residential property development company, as your Yahoo! link tells us. Abbey (the bank) is still registered as Abbey National plc ... presumably because Abbey plc was already taken.  Noisy | Talk 18:59, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Whoops. - Jerryseinfeld 21:10, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

If you do decide to stick with your changes, then you will also need to fix all the links on 'What links here' to avoid redirects. Noisy | Talk 22:24, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

Possible page merger
I made a suggestion at Talk:Economy_of_North_America, please add your comments there so as to keep the debate in one place. Cheers. Grunners 01:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hyundai Group =/= Hyundai

 * Hyundai Group =/= Hyundai
 * What? The Hyundai Group is not the same as Hyundai? Is that what you're trying to say? - Jerryseinfeld 19:56, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Government ownership

 * Jerryseinfeld, moving a page from the most common term (public ownership) to one you think appropriate (government ownership), against disagreement by others (see Talk:public ownership, which for some reason you didn't move) is very rude. You also managed to garble the perfectly adequate intro, and add vague, confusing and POV stuff. I'm on the verge of conidering this a dispute - please explain yourself. Rd232 11:55, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I did explain myself in the talk page. You can probably move it to public ownership if you want to, it could be either one. - Jerryseinfeld 17:15, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This also seems inconsistent with Jerry's redirecting of sovereign bond and government debt to public debt. What's going on?  Paul Beardsell 12:42, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Public debt isn't government debt? Now come on. - Jerryseinfeld 17:19, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I said nothing of the kind. I remarked that you were being inconsistent in your renaming of articles.  But, as it happens, I do NOT think that public debt and government debt are entirely the same.  Two different flavours are given with the two different terms.  There is a certain political positioning happening when one refers to govt debt as public debt.  But my main objection is that government debt is unambiguous,  whereas "public debt" requires one to be aware of and accept the use of public in that sense - there is an ambiguity:  "Public" debt could be misunderstood as, say, the aggregated credit card debts of the individuals forming the public.  You have been introducing ambiguity and inconsistency.  Without always the PRIOR consultation which would avoid you annoying people.  Paul Beardsell 20:45, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I absolutely agree, that's why I moved it to government debt. - Jerryseinfeld 20:47, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Which I tried to move back (but can't), because "public debt" beats "government debt" 2:1 in Google and rather more in conventional usage, and Wikipedia convention is to use the most common term. As for Paul Beardsell's argument - the correct term would be consumer debt. If there is any serious risk of confusion then the public debt page can include a For debts owed by individuals, see consumer debt at the top. Rd232 12:19, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As I said: they would be mistaken to use "public debt" like that in my example but the mistake is likely to be made. I disagree about conventional usage. I think most people would say "hey, what?" to "public debt" whereas "government debt" would be instantly understood. The Google statistic you quote I find unimpressive: There are twice as many pages returned for public than for government. So twice as many pages for "public debt" (note the quotes) as for "government debt" says little or nothing. The Wikipedia conventions say a little more than you let on:  ambiguity is to be avoided and understandability is to be promoted. Paul Beardsell 14:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The place to be having this discussion is on the article's talk page, not here. And there, at least, I can object should anybody have the audacity to put bullets before each of my paragraphs. I am copying to there. Please continue, if at all, at Talk:Government debt. Paul Beardsell 14:45, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

List of billionaires
Glad to see your interest in List of billionaires, I've left a message on the talk page to see if anyone was interested in helping create an article for everyone on the list. Are you interested? Arminius 00:36, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a great initative. If anyone should have their own page it's the billionaires. - Jerryseinfeld 10:12, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I suggest we do it in groups of five. This may mean its not completed right away but allot will get done. I'm also still looking for others to help. Here is the people I'm going to do (already started on some) Talk:List_of_billionaires. Pick 5 different people, and when your done tell me. I think I can be done with mine by the end of the day. thanks allot for your help :) Arminius 19:26, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi -- I've just copyvio'd two of your new articles: Wolfgang Herz and James Goodnight. Then I noticed that, since you added both, it would be silly to copyvio the rest -- I'd just mention this on your talk page. I'm not a lawyer, but I suspect copying the short blurbs from Fortune, while the information is a useful start, is probably a copyright violation. I'd recommend rewriting the blurbs before adding them. best, jdb 06:49, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, probably.--Jerryseinfeld 06:51, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

User name
Hi. Has anyone talked to you about your username, and potential policy issues with it? -==SV 04:28, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't know whether the username might conflict with policy, but (assuming that it's not your real name) it's annoying and does feel inappropriate. Wouldn't you feel odd having Wikipedia discussions with a user called Mickeymouse? Rd232 09:58, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In an earlier post on this page, I noted the beginning of a general discussion at Wikipedia talk:Username. For my part, I don't find this username annoying.  People who have a concern, though, are welcome to join that discussion.  JamesMLane 18:42, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Ownership society
Great improvement, thanks! --Lumidek 00:31, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please see Talk:Ownership society; the article may be a copyright violation.CSTAR 03:52, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Bill
Could you fix up what you added to the intro at Bill Gates? I think I know what it means, but I'm not sure exactly. Everyking 00:37, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What? - Jerryseinfeld 00:39, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You moved it to "estimated wealth". Everyking 00:51, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Forbes world's richest people
Your recent new articles are taken word for word from the descriptions on Forbes' world's richest people list. This is a copyright violation. Please do not post material from other sources without permission. Gamaliel 06:16, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice job Gamaliel. So you can't say for example "Mohammed Jameel runs the world's largest Toyota dealership, with operations in the Middle East, United Kingdom, Central Asia and China."? It's one sentence.--Jerryseinfeld 06:47, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

It's the principle of the thing. If it's just one sentence, it should be easy enough to write your own. I'm going to restore the copyvio notices you removed. You can argue your case on the copyvio page. If you restore copyright material and remove the notices again you will be blocked. Gamaliel 06:57, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You can argue it in the copyvio page.--Jerryseinfeld 07:00, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You are welcome to continue to make original contributions when your block expires. Gamaliel 07:10, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"The Wall Street Fix"
The link you added at Wall Street seems only tangentially related to the topic. It's about stock markets. "Wall Street" is used in the title only as a metonym. It seems worth a link, but from a different article. Rather than just delete it, I wanted to give you a chance to move it somewhere appropriate. -- Jmabel | Talk 21:31, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's about the 2002 "wall street scandal" and the global settlement with Wall Street firms, located and headquarterd on Wall Street.--Jerryseinfeld 22:13, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Inflation
If you are going to add links to articles, the caption should be either be neutral or directly quoting the article. 172 07:42, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think there should be some nonsensical paranoid POV articles. That will satisfy the most nonsensical critic.--Jerryseinfeld 12:04, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jerryseinfeld/Archive 2004


text: Category:Swedish journalists

title: Category:Swedish journalists


text:
User:Tertulia

Hi, I started editing on Wikipedia in 2004, but have decided to change my account to no longer use my real name. Nowadays I only edit occasionally, because it gets addictive and Wikipedia can take over your life!

My Wikiquote contributions.

''This article relating to a British Wikipedia user is a stub.

title: User:Tertulia


text:
National Progressive Party (Namibia)

The National Progressive Party was a political party in Namibia. It was formed in 1988, as a splinter group of the United Democratic Party. The party was led by Patrick Mufalo Limbo.

title: National Progressive Party (Namibia)


text:
Santa Rita

Santa Rita may refer to:

 * Rita of Cascia (1381–1457), Catholic saint
 * Associação Atlética Santa Rita, a Brazilian football (soccer) club
 * Santa Rita de Cássia FC, an Angolan football (soccer) club

Belize

 * Santa Rita, Corozal, a Maya ruin and archaeological reserve

Bolivia

 * Santa Rita (El Torno)

Brazil

 * Santa Rita, Maranhão, a town in Maranhão state
 * Santa Rita, Paraíba, a town in Paraíba state
 * Santa Rita de Cássia, a town in Bahia
 * Santa Rita de Cássia dos Coqueiros or Cássia dos Coqueiros, a village in São Paulo state
 * Santa Rita do Araguaia, Goiás
 * Santa Rita do Novo Destino, Goiás
 * Santa Rita do Trivelato, Mato Grosso
 * Santa Rita do Pardo, Mato Grosso do Sul
 * Santa Rita de Caldas, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita de Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita de Jacutinga, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita de Minas, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita do Itueto, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais
 * Santa Rita d'Oeste, São Paulo
 * Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, São Paulo
 * Santa Rita do Tocantins, Tocantins

Colombia

 * Santa Rita, Vichada, a town and municipality in the Vichada Department

El Salvador

 * Santa Rita, Chalatenango

Guam

 * Santa Rita, Guam

Honduras

 * Santa Rita, Copán
 * Santa Rita, Santa Bárbara
 * Santa Rita, Yoro

Mexico

 * Santa Rita Tlahuapan, a municipality of Puebla

Panama

 * Santa Rita, Coclé
 * Santa Rita, Panamá Oeste

Paraguay

 * Santa Rita, Paraguay
 * Santa Rita District, Paraguay

Peru

 * Santa Rita de Siguas District, Arequipa

Philippines

 * Santa Rita, Pampanga
 * Santa Rita, Samar

Puerto Rico

 * Santa Rita (Hato Rey), a sector of Hato Rey

United States

 * Santa Rita, California (disambiguation), multiple locations
 * Santa Rita, Montana
 * Santa Rita, New Mexico, a ghost town
 * Santa Rita, Texas, a ghost town
 * Santa Rita Jail, Dublin, Alameda County, California
 * Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona

Venezuela

 * Santa Rita, Aragua
 * Santa Rita, Zulia, Zulia

Other uses

 * Santa Rita, Cremona, an ancient Roman Catholic church in Cremona, Italy
 * SS Santa Rita (1941), a cargo ship

title: Santa Rita


text:
Santa Margarita

Santa Margarita, Spanish for Saint Margaret, may refer to:

United States

 * Santa Margarita, California, a town in San Luis Obispo County
 * Santa Margarita de Cortona Asistencia, an 18th-century mission near the town
 * Santa Margarita Lake
 * Rancho Santa Margarita, California, a city in Orange County
 * Santa Margarita Catholic High School, in Rancho Santa Margarita
 * Santa Margarita Formation, a geologic formation in the San Joaquin Valley, California
 * Santa Margarita Mountains, San Diego County, California
 * Santa Margarita River, in the Santa Ana Mountains, California

Other countries

 * Santa Margarita Island, Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico
 * Santa Margarita, Samar, Philippines
 * Santa Margarita (La Línea de la Concepción), a gated community in the Province of Cadiz, Andalucia, Spain
 * Santa Margarita, Trinidad and Tobago

Other uses

 * Santa Margarita (shipwreck), a shipwreck near Key West off the coast of Florida, US
 * Santa Margarita Stakes, an American Thoroughbred horse race at Santa Anita Park in California, US

title: Santa Margarita


text:
Sherlockiana

Sherlockiana encompasses various categories of materials and content related to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, created by Arthur Conan Doyle. The word "Sherlockiana" has been used for literary studies and scholarship concerning Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes pastiches in print and other media such as films, and memorabilia associated with Sherlock Holmes. Sherlockiana may be "anything about, inspired by, or tangentially concerning" Sherlock Holmes.

Fiction
Non-canonical works of fiction featuring Sherlock Holmes, by creators other than Arthur Conan Doyle, have been referred to as examples of "Sherlockiana". Charles Spencer, former theatre critic for The Daily Telegraph, used the term to refer to the 2009–12 releases of the novel The House of Silk, the television series Sherlock, and two Sherlock Holmes films, Sherlock Holmes and its sequel Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, as representative of a "golden age of Sherlockiana."

Literary studies
When used to refer to literary studies, "Sherlockiana" includes essays and works about Sherlock Holmes such as Vincent Starrett's 1933 book The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes. Some of these studies concern the Sherlockian game, a pastime of attempting to resolve anomalies and clarify implied details about Holmes and Watson. The word is used in the title of The Encyclopaedia Sherlockiana, first published in 1977 and republished as The Ultimate Sherlock Holmes Encyclopedia in 1987, a reference text containing an exhaustive list of over 3,500 people, places, and things associated with the universe of Sherlock Holmes. The quarterly journal The Baker Street Journal is subtitled An Irregular Quarterly of Sherlockiana.

Memorabilia
The term "Sherlockiana" has been used to refer to objects connected to Sherlock Holmes. Collections of Sherlockiana may include audio-visual recordings, books, magazines, newspaper clippings, art, clothing, advertising, stationary, and any other items associated with Holmes. The University of Minnesota contains the world's largest archive of Sherlockiana as of 2015, a large portion of which was bequeathed by American collector John Bennett Shaw upon his death in 1994.

Monuments
The interest in works about Sherlock Holmes has extended to intrigue by the United States Smithsonian Museums about the original location of 221B Baker Street. The investigation found that the supposed location of Holmes and Watson's flat did not exist during the early stories such as A Study in Scarlet. However in 1990, the Sherlock Holmes International Society opened up the Sherlock Holmes Museum at 221B Baker Street. Furthermore, statues of Holmes displays "Sherlockian" culture as idolizing elements of the world.

title: Sherlockiana


text: Template:Campaignbox Continuation War

title: Template:Campaignbox Continuation War


text:
Guernsey Cricket Board

The Guernsey Cricket Board (GCB), previously known as the Guernsey Cricket Association, is the cricket governing body for the island of Guernsey in the Channel Islands.

History
It was founded in 1927, and later joined the England and Wales Cricket Board so the Guernsey cricket team could play in the 38 Counties competition.

Becoming an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council in its own right in June 2005 and became an associate member in June 2008.

Promotion
The Board is active in promoting the sport and in training players and officials.

Ashley Wright is the Head of Cricket and Andy Cornford is the Performance Director.

Matches
Guernsey has the Guernsey cricket team that plays the annual Inter-insular match against Jersey, a tournament started in 1957.

The team also participates as a national team in:
 * T20 European tournaments under the ICC Europe (earlier the European Cricket Council) since 2006
 * T20 International tournaments in the World Cricket League since 2009

Clubs teams participate in domestic matches.

title: Guernsey Cricket Board


text:
Spider-Man (1981 TV series)

Spider-Man is a 1981–82 American animated TV series based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is the second Spider-Man cartoon, following the 1967 series.

Synopsis
The series featured Peter Parker having to balance his alter ego crimefighting with his responsibilities as a university student, a part-time photographer for the Daily Bugle and caring for his elderly Aunt May Parker.

While Spider-Man fights his usual enemies, six episodes have him contending with Doctor Doom.

Cast

 * Ted Schwartz - Spider-Man/Peter Parker
 * Jack Angel - Dr. Donald Blake (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Man Mountain Marko (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Moe (in "Triangle of Evil")
 * Lee Bailey - Robbie Robertson
 * William Boyett - Cat Burglar (in "Arsenic and Aunt May")
 * Wally Burr - Sandman (in "The Sandman is Coming"), Sam Block (in "The Doom Report"), Dean Stockton (in "Cannon of Doom")
 * Corey Burton - Lizard (in "Lizards, Lizards Everywhere")
 * Philip L. Clarke - Sidewinder/Wild Willie Wilson (in "The Sidewinder Strikes"), Waiter (in "The Sidewinder Strikes")
 * Regis Cordic - Ringmaster (in "Carnival of Crime")
 * Henry Corden - Man with Briefcase (in "The Return of the Kingpin"), Lead Henchman (in "The Return of the Kingpin"), Fosdic (in "The Return of the Kingpin")
 * Brad Crandall - Doctor Doom
 * Peter Cullen - Red Skull (in "The Capture of Captain America"), Stuntman/Jack Riven (in "Triangle of Evil")
 * Brian Cummings - Empire State University Principal (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town"), General (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town")
 * Jeff David - Akim (in "The Doom Report")
 * Jack DeLeon - Kraven the Hunter (in "The Hunter and the Hunted")
 * Ralph James - Uncle Ben (in "Arsenic and Aunt May")
 * Lynn Johnson - Hammerhead (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner")
 * Morgan Lofting - Aunt May, Black Cat (in "Curiosity Killed the Spider-Man"), Penny (in "The Web of Nephilia")
 * Mona Marshall - Betty Brant, Rodeo Girl (in "The Sidewinder Strikes"), Boy Victor Von Doom (in "Cannon of Doom")
 * George DiCenzo - Captain America (in "The Capture of Captain America"), Wizard (in "Under the Wizard's Spell")
 * Walker Edmiston - Magneto (in "When Magneto Speaks.... People Listen")
 * Ron Feinberg - Professor Gizmo (in "The Unfathomable Professor Gizmo")
 * Brian Fuld - Ka-Zar (in "The Hunter and the Hunted")
 * Linda Gary - Colleen (in "Arsenic and Aunt May")
 * Buster Jones - Acting Teacher (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town")
 * Stan Jones - Doctor Octopus (in "Bubble, Bubble, Oil and Trouble"), Kingpin (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner" and "The Return of the Kingpin")
 * Les Lampson - Dr. Lee (in "Countdown to Doom")
 * John H. Mayer - Chameleon (in "Arsenic and Aunt May"), Police Sergeant (in "Arsenic and Aunt May")
 * Don Messick - Vulture (in "The Vulture Has Landed"), Hank Edwards (in "The Vulture Has Landed")
 * Arlin Miller - Nephilia/Dr. Bradley Shaw (in "The Web of Nephilia")
 * Vic Perrin - Goron (in "The A-B-C's of D-O-O-M"), Sub-Mariner (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Caesar Cicero (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner")
 * Tony Pope - Boris
 * Richard Ramos - Gadgeteer/Joshua (in "The Incredible Shrinking Spider-Man")
 * Gene Ross - Shlocker (in "Triangle of Evil"), Larry (in "Triangle of Evil")
 * Neil Ross - Green Goblin/Norman Osborn (in "Revenge of the Green Goblin"), Michael (in "Countdown to Doom")
 * Michael Rye - Mysterio (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town"), Additional characters (in "The Pied Piper of New York Town")
 * Marilyn Schreffler - Sally Ann Beaumont (in "The Sandman is Coming")
 * Gary Seger - Johnny Griffon (in "Curiosity Killed the Spider-Man"), Beyond Belief Host (in "Triangle of Evil")
 * Michael Sheehan - Mortimer, Johann Klemmle, Young Reed Richards (in "Cannon of Doom"), Young Victor Von Doom (in "Cannon of Doom")
 * John Stephenson - Dr. Norton (in "The Incredible Shrinking Spider-Man")
 * Andre Stojka - Nasa Worker (in "The Sandman is Coming"), Hal Hunter (in "The Return of the Kingpin")
 * B.J. Ward - Namorita (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Medusa (in "Under the Wizard's Spell")
 * Paul Winchell - Silvermane (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Additional characters (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner")
 * William Woodson - J. Jonah Jameson, Professor Donaldson (in "The Vulture Has Landed"), Dr. Everett (in "Wrath of the Sub-Mariner"), Dr. Niemann (in "The Capture of Captain America")

Note: Neil Ross would reprise his role as Norman Osborn/Green Goblin for the 1994 Spider-Man cartoon series.

Walter S. Burr was the Voice Director for the series.

Background
The series was created to launch Marvel Productions, successor of DePatie–Freleng Enterprises, who had previously produced the 1978 New Fantastic Four and 1979 Spider-Woman animated series (where Spider-Man made two appearances) and was syndicated by ARP Films Inc.

Character designs
The character design for Peter Parker (as well as other supporting characters including Aunt May and J. Jonah Jameson) was quite faithful to the comic books of the period and hearkened back to the illustrations by John Romita Sr. of the young hero in Spider-Man's newspaper strip adventures from the 1970s. Due to network constraints and demands from parents, characters such as Spider-Man were not allowed to make a fist to strike an opponent, but the show's creators managed to conceal these issues with a focus on action and relatively fluid animation.

Much like the Spider-Man newspaper strip of the late 1970s, Peter Parker's character design did away with the 1960s crew cut for a more modern hairstyle during this time, which the character continued to be portrayed with through the 1980s and early 1990s. Likewise, Parker abandoned the conservative suit and tie of the 1960s comics and previous animated series in favor of dark blue straight-legged linen pants.

Peter's mask was connected to his costume at the back of the neck, like a hood which he would pull over his head when he changed into Spider-Man.

Broadcast and home media release
As was the case with Amazing Friends, the series was later re-aired in the late 1980s as part of the 90-minute Marvel Action Universe, a syndicated series that was used as a platform for old and new Marvel-produced animated fare (the newer programming featured RoboCop: The Animated Series, Dino-Riders and on occasion, X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men, which was intended to serve as a pilot for a potential X-Men animated series). The show was last rerun in the US in 1998 as part of the UPN Kids Action Zone block alongside several other Marvel shows.

Region 1
Episodes of the series were included in Prism Entertainment's Marvel Comics Video Library VHS series in the 1980s.

In Canada, Morningstar Entertainment released the episode "The Vulture Has Landed" on DVD in the set entitled Spider-Man Vs. The Vulture. The set also contains "The Vulture's Prey" and "The Dark Terrors", both from the 1967 Spider-Man TV series. Morningstar also released "Canon of Doom" (on the Fantastic Four VS. Doctor Doom set, included in the Villains Showdown Gift Set that also includes "Spider-Man Vs. The Vulture"), although the episode is the Bonus episode on the disc. "Arsenic And Aunt May" was also released in the Heroes box set. All the Morningstar DVDs were mastered from VHS/Betamax copies that were released by Prism Video in 1985 as part of their Marvel Video Library series.

Region 2
In April 2008, Liberation Entertainment secured the home media rights to select Marvel shows from Jetix Europe in select European territories, including Spider-Man.

In 2009, Clear Vision took over home media rights, and released the series on DVD on four volumes in the United Kingdom, released on June 7, July 5, August 2, and September 6 of 2010 respectively, with a triple pack releasing in 2011, and a complete series release following on March 11, 2013. The company also released the show's four DVD volumes in Germany. To avoid confusion with other Spider-Man DVD titles, Clear Vision released the show on DVD under the name Spider-Man 5000.

Streaming
The series was available for streaming on Netflix from 2011 to 2013. The series became available on the Disney+ streaming service at its U.S. launch on November 12, 2019.

title: Spider-Man (1981 TV series)


text:
Lowell House

Lowell House is one of twelve undergraduate residential Houses at Harvard University, located at 10 Holyoke Place facing Mount Auburn Street between Harvard Yard and the Charles River. Officially, it is named for the Lowell family, but an ornate ALL woven into the ironwork above the main gate discreetly alludes to Abbott Lawrence Lowell, Harvard's president at the time of construction. Its majestic neo-Georgian design, centered on two landscaped courtyards, received the 1938 Harleston Parker Medal and might be considered the model for later Harvard houses nearby. Lowell House is simultaneously close to the Yard, Harvard Square, and other Harvard "River" houses, and its blue-capped bell tower, visible for many miles, is a local landmark.

History and traditions
Lowell was one of the first Houses built in the realization of President Lowell's long-held dream of providing on-campus accommodations for every Harvard College student throughout his career at the college. (See Harvard College house system.) Its first Master, was Mathematics Department chairman Julian Lowell Coolidge, who also instituted Monday-night high table. Historian Elliott Perkins was the first to hold the position of Resident Dean (until recently known as the Allston Burr Senior Tutor) then was Master from 1942 to 1963. Classicist Zeph Stewart was the third Master, and William and Mary Lee Bossert served from 1975 to 1998. In 1998, Diana Eck and Dorothy Austin became the first same-sex couple to be house masters (during their tenure, the term "master" was replaced with "faculty dean"). The current faculty deans of Lowell House are David Laibson and Nina Zipser. Lowell's sister college at Yale University is Pierson College.

House traditions include Masters' Tea on Thursday afternoons, a May Day Waltz at dawn on the Weeks Footbridge, high table, and the annual Lowell House Opera mounted in the dining hall. Springtime brings the Bacchanalia Formal, often with a live swing band in the courtyard.

For each Arts First event, the first weekend in May, there is a courtyard performance of the 1812 Overture, during which those not part of the official orchestral ensemble are encouraged to assist on kazoos; in lieu of cannon, hydrogen-filled balloons are ignited by the House chemistry tutor; and until recently (see below) the performance would climax with the role originally scored by Tchaikovsky for authentic Russian zvon (a "bell" in the Slovakina language or "bell sound" in Russian), being played (appropriately enough) by Lowell's own authentic Russian zvon.

There is a winter holiday dinner, and various sophomore, senior, Roundtable and faculty dinners take place throughout the year. Language tables and special-interest tables are common features of everyday lunches and dinners. Many House events are organized by Lowell's "House Committee" of elected undergraduates from within the House. The committee operates separately from the Harvard Undergraduate Council (UC), to organize student events and manage funding. The HoCo, as with the other student government organizations in the Houses, is funded by the UC.

Lowell House was the residence of Silas (Method Man) and Jamal (Redman) in the 2001 comedy How High.

As part of Harvard's House Renewal Project, Lowell House closed for renovation in the summer of 2017; work was completed in the summer of 2019.

Architecture
Designed by the firm of Coolidge Shepley Bulfinch and Abbott and constructed in 1930 for $3.62 million, the House was named for the prominent Lowell family, closely identified with Harvard since John Lowell graduated in 1721. The busts of President Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1909–1933) and poet James Russell Lowell, are featured in the main courtyard. In the Dining Hall are portraits of Lowell and his wife Anna Parker Lowell; his sister, poet Amy Lowell; his brother, astronomer Percival Lowell; and his grandfather John Amory Lowell.

Prior to the 1996 transition to randomized House assignments, Lowell's central location, picturesque courtyard, elegant dining hall, and charming traditions made it a popular housing choice.

The Lowell House arms are those of the Lowell family, blazoned: Shield: sable, a dexter hand couped at the wrist grasping three darts, one in pale and two in saltire, all in argent. The crest is a stag's head cabossed, between the attires a pheon azure. The motto is Occasionem Cognosce ("Recognise Opportunity") (In more prosaic terms, a shield with a black field displays a right hand cut off at the wrist and grasping three arrows, one vertical and two crossed diagonally, in silver. Above is a stag's head mounted behind the ear, and between its antlers is a barbed, broad arrowhead in blue.  The house colors are blue and white.

The Lowell House Bells
For three-quarters of a century, Lowell House's bell tower was home to a set of authentic Russian zvon, one of the few complete sets of pre-revolutionary Russian bells surviving anywhere. The eighteen bells were bought in Russia around 1930 by Thomas Whittemore with the financial aid of millionaire Chicago plumbing magnate Charles R. Crane—who reportedly paid merely their value as scrap—just as they were to be melted down by Soviet authorities. Crane donated them to Harvard in 1930 just as plans for Lowell House were nearing completion.

Like those seen today on Dunster and Eliot Houses, Lowell's tower was originally meant to be a clock-tower—Lowell's in particular is reminiscent of Philadelphia's Independence Hall, although it was actually modeled after a Dutch church. With word of Crane's gift, the planned tower was changed to the blue-capped bell tower seen today. (One of the eighteen bells did not harmonize with the others, so was hung in the Harvard Business School's Baker Library.)

The bells originally hung in Moscow's Danilov Monastery (now the seat of the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church) and were installed with the help, at first, of musician Konstantin Konstantinovich Saradzhev, and Vsevolod Andronoff, a former resident of the monastery They range in weight from 22 pounds (10 kg) to 26,700 pounds (12,100 kg, and known to Lowell House students as "Mother Earth"). The bells are consecrated, and are of great significance to the Russian Orthodox Church, in the liturgy of which bells play an important role.

At Lowell, the bells were usually rung on Sundays at 1pm by resident Klappermeisters. After the annual Harvard–Yale football game, Harvard's score would sometimes be proclaimed on the "Mother Earth," with Yale's score tolled on the "Bell of Pestilence, Famine, and Despair."

With the reopening of the Danilov Monastery, it was suggested that the bells be returned to their original home. At Harvard's June 2008 Commencement, they sounded for the last time at Lowell House, after which the bell tower was partially dismantled so that the bells could be withdrawn. In their places were hung newly cast near-replica bells obtained with the financial assistance of the Link of Times Foundation, created by Russian industrialist Viktor Vekselberg.

The now-departed bells may still be heard on the Lowell House Virtual Bell Tower. The bells sound Sunday afternoons during term time, and at special events such as commencement.

Notable alumni
Notable former residents and alumni of Lowell House include:

 * John Ashmead, American author and scholar (Room N44)
 * John Berendt, American author (Room M31)
 * Harry Blackmun, justice of the United States Supreme Court (Room C12)
 * Priscilla Chan, American philanthropist and doctor (Room A52)
 * Michael Crichton, American author and producer (Room D42)
 * Matt Damon, actor and philanthropist (Room D42)
 * Philip F. Gura, American literature scholar (Room J52)
 * Walter Isaacson, magazine editor, CNN CEO, and foundation president (Room K22)
 * Nicholas Kristof, journalist (Room E31)
 * Ned Lamont, 89th Governor of Connecticut (Room C21)
 * Vanessa Lann, composer and pianist (Room N35)
 * Tom Lehrer, singer and songwriter (Room R13)
 * Alan Jay Lerner, lyricist and librettist (Room D41)
 * Robert Lowell, sixth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (Room L12)
 * Anthony Lewis, intellectual and former columnist for The New York Times (Room O21)
 * Empress Masako, wife of Emperor Naruhito of Japan (Room E11)
 * Natalie Portman, Academy Award-winning actress (Room I43)
 * Frank Rich, columnist for The New York Times (Room O34)
 * Ryan Max Riley, skier on the United States Ski Team (Room M21)
 * David Souter, justice of the United States Supreme Court (Room C32)
 * Subramanian Swamy, Indian politician, economist and ex-professor at Harvard & IIT (former resident tutor)
 * John Updike, novelist, poet, and literary critic (Room K22)
 * David Vitter, Republican senator from Louisiana (Room M41)
 * Chris Wallace, journalist (Room J32)
 * Andrew Weil, author and physician (Room D14)
 * Kristen Welker, television journalist for NBC News
 * Christian Wolff, composer (Room B24)

title: Lowell House


text:
Pepsi Max 400

The Pepsi Max 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held annually at the Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California. It was the second of two Sprint Cup Series races held at the Auto Club Speedway (the other being the Auto Club 500) and in 2009 and 2010 it was run in October as part of the Chase for the Sprint Cup.

History
The event was first held in 2004, added as part of the 2004 NASCAR Realignment, and was partially featured in the film, Herbie: Fully Loaded. From its inception until 2008 the race was run on Labor Day weekend, which was previously the traditional date of the Southern 500 at Darlington, and in the Inland Empire in the 1970s, the former California 500 United States Auto Club Marlboro Championship Trail race. The 2005 race was famous for Kyle Busch becoming the youngest NASCAR Cup Series winner ever (then known as the Nextel Cup Series).

As part of the 2009 realignment in NASCAR Auto Club Speedway, Talladega Superspeedway, and Atlanta Motor Speedway agreed to switch dates, with the Atlanta race moving from its traditional fall date to Labor Day weekend and becoming known as the Labor Day Classic 500. The realignment returned the Labor Day weekend race to the southern United States and gave California its first late season race since the final running of the Winston Western 500 at Riverside International Raceway in 1987. The AMP Energy 500 at Talladega moved into the race date vacated by Atlanta, with the Pepsi 500 moving into Talladega's former October date.

The Pepsi 500 name was used in August 2008, with Pepsi taking title sponsorship from Sharp. This announcement was made by the speedway's website, Pepsi has been the official soft drink sponsor of the speedway since 1997, before Auto Club Speedway became part of International Speedway Corporation, owner of several circuits on the NASCAR schedule. This was done despite ISC signing a contract with Coca-Cola to replace Pepsi as the official soft drink sponsor of its racetracks in 2008 (the contract is slowly being phased in).

NASCAR announced on January 13, 2010 that they would be shortened 100 miles. NASCAR then announced that, due largely to poor attendance, the 2010 running of this race would be the last as Auto Club Speedway returned to a single date on the Sprint Cup schedule as that race was exchanged to Kansas Speedway in 2011 marking a 2nd race date on June 5, 2011.

Past winners

 * 2005: Race extended due to a green–white–checker finish. Kyle Busch became the youngest Cup Series race winner in 3½ years.
 * 2010: First event to only be 400 miles/200 laps in length. Tony Stewart scored his first win at Auto Club Speedway in his 19th start at the track, leaving with only Darlington and Las Vegas as the tracks he has failed to win at along with Kentucky.

title: Pepsi Max 400


text:
Nowotaniec

Nowotaniec is a village in south-eastern Poland, inhabited by about 430 (2002), in the Pogórze Bukowskie (Bukowsko Upland) mountains. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in the Krosno Voivodeship (1975–1998) and the Sanok district, Bukowsko subdistrict, located near the towns of Medzilaborce and Palota (in northeastern Slovakia).

Nowotaniec is bordered on the east by Bukowsko, on the north by Wola Sękowa, on the west by Nadolany, on the right bank of the Pielnica river (a tributary of the Wisłok), on the left side of the highway nr 889 from the railroad running from Sanok to Krosno, and on the west by forests covering the slopes of the Bukowica Range.

This village consists of one street which runs north to south displaying Latin church stone and several houses.

The parish belongs to the Diocese of Przemyśl, deanery of Sanok. It includes, Nagórzany, Nadolany, and Wola Sękowa. The Roman Catholic cemetery is located 100 m westward of the village center.

History

Nowotaniec is just up the road from Bukowsko. Historically it has been a mostly Polish village. The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus' and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by Nestor the Chronicler), when Vladimir the Great of Kiev took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus', in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it. In the 14th century the Galicia region along with the Sanok district were annexed to Poland by Casimir III the Great of Poland, who began colonisation of these areas (see: Walddeutsche). In the 14th and 15th centuries a number of new settlements were set up, including Trepcza, Czerteż, Prusiek, Nowotaniec, Kostarowce, Tyrawa Solna, Stróże Wielkie and Małe, Hłomcza, Płowce, Sanoczek, Międzybródź. Those settlements were owned by noble and knights’ families. Substantial land was the property of the Kmita family ruling from Sobień Castle, and Bal from Nowotaniec Castle.

Nowotaniec, with upper-suburb Nagorzany, " Nowotaniec, with Zagorzany, a small town in the county of Sanok, lies in a wooded, hilly area on the highway from Zarszyn to Bukowsko (5.6 km. away). The town itself consists of a marketplace and several streets in the valley of the Pielnica River, a tributary of the Wislok on the right bank, elevation 363 m above sea level. Several streams flow into the Pielnica there from nearby hills, namely, on the west from Wysoka gora (432 m), and on the east from Bukowica (541 m). To the north the village of Nadolany and to the south the village of Nagorzany create a kind of suburb. Nowotaniec itself has 595 inhabitants, 428 Roman Catholic, 11 Greek Catholic, and 156 Jews. A Roman Catholic parish is headquartered there, with a beautiful church made of stone; there are also an elementary school, a manor transformed from an ancient castle, and a brewery. There is a weekly market held every Mon-day, as well as four annual fairs: on the Monday after the feast of the Holy Trinity, and on 1 May, 2 August, and 11 November. The major estate has 16 morgs of farmland; the minor estate [land owned by peasants] has 496 morgs of farm-land, 40 of meadows, and 35 of forests.

We do not know much about the history of Nowotaniec. The date of its founding is unknown. In the 15th century there was a German settlement there called Lebetanz, and Piotr, its noble owner, signed his name to the document founding the parish in Humniska. Later the name was changed to Nebetanz, and finally to the one it bears today. In the 16th century the latter name had already come into general use, spelled Nowothancze or Nowotancze. The Archiwum grodzkie i ziemskie (vol. IX, Lwow 1885) contains two documents signed by Stanislaw Bal and Maciej Bal, castellans of Sanok. Nowotaniec remained in the Bals' possession until the time of King Stefan Batory. Jan Bal, cupbearer of Sanok, founded a parish there in 1492. Later Nowotaniec came to be owned - partly by way of inheritance, partly through purchases - by the Hungarian family de Stano related to the Bals. The 16th century was marked by intensified conflicts caused by the worsened living conditions in villages. Arian and Calvinistic (Nowotaniec) congregations were established, promoting protestant ideas. Hieronim de Stano was a religious dissenter and converted the church into a Helvetian congregation [i. e., Calvinist or other Swiss Protestant sect], and he paid for a minister for the congregation; but in 1613 it was returned to the Catholics. In 1643 the Sejm wanted to elevate this settlement, and for this reason established a warehouse there for Hungarian wine. During Bishop Denhoff's inspection visit in 1699 it was recorded that on one side of the church stood the castle of Aleksander de Stano, and on the other a congregation of dissenters. Several years later Boguslaw Stan sold Nowotaniec to Bukowski, royal chamberlain, and he built the church that still exists today, which was consecrated by Bishop Sierakowski in 1745 under the name of St. Mikolaj [St. Nicholas].

The parish belongs to the diocese of Przemyśl, deanery of Sanok, and includes Darow, Nadolany, Nagorzany, Pielnia, Pulawy, Wola Jaworowska, and Wola Selkowa [this is probably Sekowa Wola], with a total of 1,960 Roman Catholics and 156 Greek Catholics. Not far from Nowotaniec lies the castle of Zborsko, built in 1529 by Odnowski, palatinate of Krakow. After the Bukowskis, Nowotaniec was owned by the Bronieckis, and currently Wiktor Pozniak owns the major estate and the exclusive right to produce and sell alcohol on its grounds". [Mac. (Dr. Maurycy Maciszewski) Vol. VII, pp. 290-291]. Warsaw. [in] : . Translated by William Fred Hoffman, PGSA Fall 2001 Rodziny a small town in the county of Sanok, lies in a wooded, hilly area on the highway from Zarszyn to Bukowsko (5.6 km away). The start of settlement that became Nowotaniec began as a royal village established in 1366 based on the Privilege of Casimir III the Great. The village was founded on the principles of the Magdeburg Rights, and its inhabitants were exempted from all taxes towards the king for a period of twenty years. In 1409, the ownership of Nowotaniec (Lobetanz) was passed over to the knights of Hungary (Petrus Hungarus de Lobetanz) and his brother. The town itself consists of a marketplace and several streets in the valley of the Pielnica river, a tributary of the Wisłok river (ger. Weisslog ) on the right bank, elevation 363 m above sea level. The parish belongs to the diocese of Przemyśl, deanery of Sanok, and includes Darow, Nadolany, Nagorzany, Pielnia, Puławy, Wola Jaworowa and Wola Sekowa with a total of 1,960 Roman Catholics and 156 Greek Catholics (in 1887). Not far from Nowotaniec lies the castle of Zboiska, built in 1529 by Odnowski, palatinate of Kraków.

The village was a center of the Polish Reformed Church and the Stano family were staunch members of it, supporting a Calvinist church in the village from the end of 16th century until 1713 when they sold the property to Roman Catholics and the Calvinist church in the village was suppressed.

In the first half of the 19th century plagues fell upon the residents of the region. From the time of the Austrian annexation (1772) Nowotaniec became a subdistrict settlement First owner Mathias Bal de Lobetanz (Bals ownership since 1366 - 1556), next owners family de Stano, since 1714 the Bukowskis family. In the 17th century the village was quite important centre of trade and craftsmanship. A good period ended in 1709, when it was looted by the Swedish troops in the Great Northern War. Nowotaniec was owned by the earl Jaworski-Sas since 1767, and currently Krziwkowicz-Pozniak owns to 1944. This part of Poland was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of Subcarpathian Voivodeship) was known as Galicia since 1772. The Roman Catholic Church in Nowotaniec has a collection of records for Nowotaniec and surrounding Roman Catholic villages in its parish like Nadolany and Nagórzany.

The Roman Catholic Church in Nowotaniec was established in 1409, the parish in 1424.

At the end of World War II, after the Germans withdrew, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army became active. Its units terrorised Polish population and destroyed military and police posts. Fights ended in 1947 when as the result of Operation Vistula the Ukrainian population was resettled to Western Poland. Between 1945 - 1949 Nowotaniec was the gmina due to the destruction of Bukowsko by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

The village was burned down April 1946 by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army too.

The first Jewish families appeared in Nowotaniec at the start of the 18th century. In 1765, 74 Jews lived in the village. They belonged to the Rymanów community (kohal). However, they have gotten independence earlier, before 1777. Then, 10-12 Jewish families were in village. Four houses belonged to they. In 1824, community (kohal) counted 84 persons. In 1870, 249 persons were Jewish inhabitants already. Community owned synagogue and school. 22 pupils walked for school. In 1900, Jewish community counted 287 persons. Did not have community in village Rabbi. Then, 148 Jews lived in city. In 1921, village counted 524 half-breeds, these 42 Jews in Nowotaniec. 1885 - Yeshi Michal Gilernter, born 1842 was appointed rabbi.

The isolated rural flat land has no sign or marker. No wall, fence, or gate surrounds. Reached by crossing private property, access is open to all. The unknown present owner uses site for agriculture. Properties adjacent are agricultural. Private visitors rarely visit. No maintenance. Vegetation is a seasonal problem preventing access. Water erosion is a moderate threat. For instance, in Podkarpacie, building permits have been granted to wind parks with total capacity of 42,93 MW, among them 3 wind farms: Bukowsko - Nowotaniec – 18 MW and other.

Owners
Bals family (1366–1565) Lilium, de Stanos (1565–1713) Lilium, Bukowskis (1713–1746), Bronieckis (1746–1767), de Sas-Jaworskis (1767–1813) Sas, Wictors de Wiatrowice (1813–1944) Brochwicz, propretarius, de Krziwkowicz-Poźniak (1813–1944) Przestrzał.

Monuments

 * Roman Catholic church new building about 1745, the baroque church in Nowotaniec with historical equipment.

Hiking trails

 * European walking route E8
 * Wind Farm Bukowsko-Nowotaniec

Industry

 * Wind Farm Bukowsko-Nowotaniec

Twin cities

 * Topoľovka
 * Maizières-lès-Metz

Literature

 * Dr. Maurycy Maciszewski. Geographical Dictionary. "A Geographical Dictionary of Polish Kingdom". Vols. 1-15 reprinted from 1880 to 1902 Warsaw. ; Nowotaniec - translated by William Fred Hoffman, PGSA Fall 2001 Rodziny (digital edition)
 * Prof. Przemysław Dąbkowski. Stosunki narodowościowe w ziemi sanockiej w XV wieku. Lwów. 1921.
 * Dr. Adam Fastnacht. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3.
 * Records of the Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit, Sektion für Rasse- und –Volkstumforschung 1940–1943. Boxes 50–51, 50. [Forms with pictures of people from Nowotaniec]
 * Prof. Feliks Kiryk - Rocznik sanocki. 2006. "Bukowsko-Nowotaniec" str. 92-115
 * Jerzy Zuba "W Gminie Bukowsko". Roksana, 2004, ISBN 83-7343-150-0. Translated by Deborah Greenlee. Arlington, TX 76016.

title: Nowotaniec


text: Template:World-Scrabble-Championship

title: Template:World-Scrabble-Championship


text:
Talk:IPod Photo

Merger w/ iPod

 * Strongly Object - iPod photo was at one time its own separate product line, and thus has its own history and deserves its own entry. raekwon 16:11, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object to merger - essentially for the same reasons as Raekwon above. Grstain 18:15, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support It's a marketing term for a particular feature of what was essentially just another in a long line of iPod models. Just because it was branded a bit differently doesn't make it notable. I'll also note that the February 2005 models even had "photo" removed from the product packaging. --Dtcdthingy 23:37, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the word "photo" just had its size reduced in the packaging, not removed, presumably because at that point, Apple was preparing for the lines to merge in June. raekwon 02:49, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Object – for Raekwon's reason. And the iPod article is already rather long.  —RadRafe 11:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Since all current iPods include color screens and the photo display capabilties I don't see an seperate article about the now defunct iPod photo line being able to provide anough information not allready covered in the iPod article to be worth it. The two articles should be merged. The usefull information from --Cab88 15:18, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Strongly Object - being its own Product line, with the original iPod in 4 lines with the iPod photo being a line one, well, I guess my argument is the same as Raekwon's. --05:02, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Object - Yes all Full iPods now have cololor screens that dosen't change the fact that the iPod photo was its own line wich means it should have seprate history!
 * Object - They were different at one point and this page should remain to reflect that. shinyplasticbag
 * Object for some of the reasons above... plus, who doesn't like corporate astroturfing. Except... by consumers... gren グレン 20:57, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Object as an owner of an iPod photo. Swirlix 13:53, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Object was a seperate model, should be kept seperate. The wizard 15:30, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 *  Support the iPod Photo, was just called the iPod for 1 thing. Second, there aren't articles for the 1G, 2G, or 3G, so why is the 4G different?  Jmclark911 21:05, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Object iPod photo was a separate and distinct line from the 4G iPod. Just because there was a 4.5G update that replaced it doesn't negate that fact. This article should detail that specific line and refer any discussion about the 4G iPod itself to the iPod classic page... I've undone the redirect as it wasn't really a good merge anyway... Paul C/T+ 04:38, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 *  Support. It was part of the 4g. It does not stand out in any way from any other models in the development 'classic' line. It has a disproportionate amount of information compared to any other single ipod model or generation. I originally wanted each individual model to have its own page, but since the rest of wikipedia doesn't agree, it's inconsistent for this one to have its own--80.86.74.135 20:53, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. "Photo" was simply an upgrade to the existing iPod line. Much like the 5th generation "iPod Video". Anything worth saying in this article can be said in the iPod classic article. Pele Merengue 00:33, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. It's just the first of the 'classics' that had colour. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.86.74.135 (talk) 14:16, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

iPod photo/classic consensus
So, just to clear things up, we are saying that the iPod photo was a slight branch off of the iPod classic line, and at a time, considered it's own separate brand of iPod (hence the need for this article), yet was later reintegrated with the iPod classic product line? -- MacAddct1984 13:21, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the best way to look at it is that the iPod photo was a separate line, a brand new product like the iPod mini at the time of introduction, but was later discontinued and its technology merged into the regular 4G iPod line. As such there was no predecessor and its successor is actually the 4G iPod, not the 5G.  We should use the naming scheme present in the current iPod timeline, "photo" for the iPod photo models and "Color" for the "normal" 4.5G iPods they turned into.  There should be a break in that template for when the iPod photo was discontinued tho. What do other people think? Paul C/T+ 13:54, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think the photo was a separate line. All the other separate lines had completely different appearances. I still have a brochure/pamphlet thing from after they had the price cuts for the photo (when a cheaper 30GB photo took over for the 40GB), and Apple listed the photo alongside the 20GB original iPod, calling all of them "iPod", but also noting that the 30GB and 60GB models had a color screen (never mind, I think I might have recycled it when I cleaned my room a few months ago). Given that that's Apple's own marketing material, I think the photo article should be completely merged into the classic page, as the photo was, to me, a premium option/version of the normal iPod classic until the monochrome iPod was dropped in favor of the color iPod. Butterfly0fdoom 18:11, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Capitalisation
Per MOS:TM, we should present the product name as "iPod Photo", not "iPod photo". There is examption for the initial "i" because it is a distinctive mark of the product and there's an exemption for improper caps in the first two letters, but "Shuffle" should be capitalised per standard title case. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 11:13, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Move discussion
An archive of the discussion can be found at Talk:IPod Touch. 217.36.107.9 (talk) 09:25, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Present tense vs past tense
In the first sentence it is stated the iPod Photo "was" an mp3 player. They are still around even though they are not actively marketed or sold by Apple, so shouldn't it be that the photo "is" an mp3 player and make a distinction between it being something and that it was marketed by Apple? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.191.240.253 (talk) 01:21, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:IPod Photo


text:
Four-spotted chaser

Libellula quadrimaculata, known in Europe as the four-spotted chaser and in North America as the four-spotted skimmer, is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae found widely throughout Europe, Asia, and North America.

The adult stage is found between April and early September in the United Kingdom, and from mid-May to mid-August in Ireland. Larvae have a two-year developmental cycle. Adults feed predominantly on mosquitoes, gnats, and midges; the larvae feed primarily on other aquatic insect larvae and on tadpoles.

There is a variant form, praenubila Newman, which has exaggerated wing spots. This is believed to be related to water temperatures during larval development, and appears to be more common in Europe than in the Americas.

The four-spotted skimmer is the state insect of Alaska.

Habitat
This active dragonfly mainly lives by ponds, vernal pools, and slow flowing rivers; they are most common in June and July.

Identification
The brown colour and the four spots on the wings makes them very distinguishable but still could be confused with other Chaser Dragonflies.

Behaviour
The male is considered to be highly aggressive and will defend a given territory from incursions from other males of the species. The male is known to form preferences for prominent perches and will often return to the same perches around the margins of pools and ponds whilst it patrols for intruders. Males have a favourable view of the sky during perching. They look toward a section of the sky away from the sun, with less radiation but a higher UV and blue-violet saturation. Thus, the fovea of the eyes, which is sensitive to blue and UV radiation, is optimally suited to the detection of flying insects against the blue sky. Both sexes are prolific fliers, and mating takes place in the air, rather than on perches or amongst the vegetation. The female lays her eggs on floating vegetation. They tend to be easier to approach than Broad-bodied Chasers.

Predators
The larger emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator) is a predator of this species. Another is the green tiger beetle (Cicindela campestris).

title: Four-spotted chaser


text: User talk:Sid76

title: User talk:Sid76


text:
Rossendale Valley

The Rossendale Valley is in the Rossendale area of Lancashire, England, between the West Pennine Moors and the main range of the Pennines. The area includes the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries (between Rawtenstall and Bacup), which flow southwards into Greater Manchester. The rivers cut through the moorland of the Rossendale Hills, generally characterized by open unwooded land, despite the ancient designation of "forest".

History
One of the earliest sites of historical interest in the valley is that of the dykes at Broadclough, which are associated with the Battle of Brunanburh.

In late Middle Ages, the valley was part of the Royal Forest of Rossendale. The original medieval meaning of 'forest' was similar to a ‘preserve’, for example land that is legally kept for specific purposes such as royal hunting. So ‘forests’ were areas large enough to support species such as wolves and deer for game hunting and they encompassed other habitats such as heaths, open grassland and farmland, so not necessarily extensively wooded. Initial settlement would have been in "booths" or farmsteads and encroachment into the forest would have developed them into small hamlets. Rossendale was governed by a constable nominated by principal landowners who held the position of "The Greave of The Forrest" which after 1515 became a quasi-hereditary position held by the Whitacker family at the only ancient hall in the district: Broadclough Hall.

In 1507 the land in the Forest of Rossendale was demised to copyhold farmers and a new church was established on the hillside at Seatnaze around 1511, presumably considered a convenient location for the population at that time.

In 1789 an act authorised the construction of new Turnpike trust roads through the district, connecting Bury and Haslingden with Blackburn and Whalley, with a junction at Haslingden to Todmorden via Oakenheadwood, Newchurch, Stacksteads and Bacup. In 1826 the Haslingden and Todmorden trust built another new road along the valley bottom, from Stacksteads through Thrutch, Rawtenstall and Newhall Hey. By 1848 a number of woollen and cotton mills had been established along the river. And by the late 19th century it was the valley bottom that had become the population centre.

In 1889, the short-lived Rossendale Valley Tramways Company was established to operate a route between Bacup and Crawshawbooth via Rawtenstall. In 1908 the route was taken over by Rawtenstall Corporation Tramways.

Geography
The Forest contains two Marilyns; Hail Storm Hill and Freeholds Top, as well as the summit of Great Hameldon. Geographically, it is sandwiched between the West Pennine Moors to the west and the South Pennines to the east.

The Irwell Valley in Rossendale is characterised by the steep sided valley of the River Irwell and its tributaries which dissect the moorland of the Rossendale Hills. In the valley bottom, urban settlements grew up at river crossing points between Rawtenstall and Bacup and today form a contiguous urban and industrial development. Textile mills and chimneys and gritstone terraced houses are the dominant buildings and roads are concentrated in the narrow valley. The river has its source on Deerplay Moor in Cliviger near Burnley, heading south to Bacup, where it turns to the west past Stacksteads. The valley narrows at Thrutch, and the Irwell collects Whitewell Brook shortly afterwards at Waterfoot. It flows onward to Rawtenstall where it is met by Limy Water and then turns back to the south. Collecting the River Ogden at Irwell Vale it continues into Greater Manchester.

The geology of the area is layers of gritstone, coal and glacial deposits of sand and gravel. These rocks were cut by fast flowing rivers, the Irwell and its tributaries, to form steep valleys with sides typically 200 m high and a narrow valley floor. Tree cover on the steep slopes includes remnants of ancient woodland but most areas are more recently planted.

Notable people

 * Jeff Whalley (1952–2018), professional footballer

title: Rossendale Valley


text:
Gendèr

A gendèr is a type of metallophone used in Balinese and Javanese gamelan music. It consists of 10 to 14 tuned metal bars suspended over a tuned resonator of bamboo or metal, which are tapped with a mallet made of wooden disks (Bali) or a padded wooden disk (Java). Each key is a note of a different pitch, often extending a little more than two octaves. There are five notes per octave, so in the seven-note pélog scale, some pitches are left out according to the pathet. Most gamelans include three gendèr, one for sléndro, one for pelog pathet nem and lima, and one for pelog pathet barang.

The gendèr is similar to the Balinese gangsa, which also has an individual resonator under each key, and the saron, which, although trough-resonated, does have a set of tuned metal bars or keys. It is also similar to the Javanese slenthem, which is pitched lower and has fewer notes. The melodies of the two hands sometimes move in parallel motion, but often play contrapuntally. When playing gendèr barung with two mallets, the technique of dampening, important to most gamelan instruments, becomes more challenging, and the previously hit notes must be dampened by the same hand immediately after the new ones are hit. This is sometimes possible by playing with the mallet at an angle (to dampen one key and play the other), but may require a small pause.

Types of gendèrs
In some types of gamelan, two gendèrs are used, both spanning approximately two and a half octaves, the gendèr barung and the gendèr panerus, pitched an octave higher than the other. In Gamelan Surakarta, the gendèr panerus plays a single line of melodic pattern, following a pattern similar to the siter. The gendèr barung plays a slower, but more complex melodic pattern that includes more separate right and left hand melodic lines that come together in kempyung (approximately a fifth) and gembyang (octave) intervals. The three sizes of gendèr are called jegogan (the largest), jublag, and penyacah. A pair of ten-bar gendèr are called giying.

Loud-playing and Soft-playing styles
The gamelan plays in two different ensemble types: loud-playing ensemble and soft-playing ensemble. The gendèr is used in both styles. The soft-playing style includes voices and instruments like gambang, celempung, rebab, gendèr panerus, and gendèr barung. The loud-playing styles only include instruments like gong ageng, siyem, kempul, kenong, kethuk, kempyang, engkuk-kemong, bonang family, saron family, gendèr slenthem, kendhang family, and bedhug.

Both types of gendèr play semi-improvised patterns called cengkok, which generally elaborate upon the seleh. These are relatively fixed patterns, but can be varied in a number of ways to suit the style, pathet, irama, and mood of the piece, as well as the skill of the performer. The cengkok repertoire for gendèr are more developed and specific than those for most other elaborating instruments. Similarly, the gendèr barung is likely to give cues for changing parts or irama, especially in the absence of a rebab, which usually leads the ensemble. It may also play the buka of a piece.

title: Gendèr


text: User talk:Muku6

title: User talk:Muku6


text:
Sonication

Sonication is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes such as the extraction of multiple compounds from plants, microalgae and seaweeds. Ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz) are usually used, leading to the process also being known as ultrasonication or ultra-sonication.

In the laboratory, it is usually applied using an ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe, colloquially known as a sonicator. In a paper machine, an ultrasonic foil can distribute cellulose fibres more uniformly and strengthen the paper.

Effects
Sonication has numerous effects, both chemical and physical. The scientific field concerned with understanding the effect of sonic waves on chemical systems is called sonochemistry. The chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction with molecular species. Studies have shown that no direct coupling of the acoustic field with chemical species on a molecular level can account for sonochemistry or sonoluminescence. Instead, in sonochemistry the sound waves migrate through a medium, inducing pressure variations and cavitations that grow and collapse, transforming the sound waves into mechanical energy.

Applications
Sonication can be used for the production of nanoparticles, such as nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, liposomes and wax emulsions, as well as for wastewater purification, degassing, extraction of seaweed polysaccharides and plant oil, extraction of anthocyanins and antioxidants, production of biofuels, crude oil desulphurization, cell disruption, polymer and epoxy processing, adhesive thinning, and many other processes. It is applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, water, food, ink, paint, coating, wood treatment, metalworking, nanocomposite, pesticide, fuel, wood product and many other industries.

Sonication can be used to speed dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions. It is especially useful when it is not possible to stir the sample, as with NMR tubes. It may also be used to provide the energy for certain chemical reactions to proceed. Sonication can be used to remove dissolved gases from liquids (degassing) by sonicating the liquid while it is under a vacuum. This is an alternative to the freeze-pump-thaw and sparging methods.

In biological applications, sonication may be sufficient to disrupt or deactivate a biological material. For example, sonication is often used to disrupt cell membranes and release cellular contents. This process is called sonoporation. Small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) can be made by sonication of a dispersion of large multilamellar vesicles (LMVs). Sonication is also used to fragment molecules of DNA, in which the DNA subjected to brief periods of sonication is sheared into smaller fragments.

Sonication is commonly used in nanotechnology for evenly dispersing nanoparticles in liquids. Additionally, it is used to break up aggregates of micron-sized colloidal particles.

Sonication can also be used to initiate crystallisation processes and even control polymorphic crystallisations. It is used to intervene in anti-solvent precipitations (crystallisation) to aid mixing and isolate small crystals.

Sonication is the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning—loosening particles adhering to surfaces. In addition to laboratory science applications, sonicating baths have applications including cleaning objects such as spectacles and jewelry.

Sonication is used in food industry as well. Main applications are for dispersion to save expensive emulgators (mayonnaise) or to speed up filtration processes (vegetable oil etc.). Experiments with sonication for artificial ageing of liquors and other alcoholic beverages were conducted.

Soil samples are often subjected to ultrasound in order to break up soil aggregates; this allows the study of the different constituents of soil aggregates (especially soil organic matter) without subjecting them to harsh chemical treatment.

Sonication is also used to extract microfossils from rock.

An ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe system is used for extraction. For instance, this technique was suggested to remove isoflavones from soybeans and phenolic compounds from wheat bran and coconut shell powder. The outcomes differ for every raw material and solvent utilized and the other extraction techniques. Acoustic or ultrasonic cavitation is the basis for the operation of ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Equipment
Substantial intensity of ultrasound and high ultrasonic vibration amplitudes are required for many processing applications, such as nano-crystallization, nano-emulsification, deagglomeration, extraction, cell disruption, as well as many others. Commonly, a process is first tested on a laboratory scale to prove feasibility and establish some of the required ultrasonic exposure parameters. After this phase is complete, the process is transferred to a pilot (bench) scale for flow-through pre-production optimization and then to an industrial scale for continuous production. During these scale-up steps, it is essential to make sure that all local exposure conditions (ultrasonic amplitude, cavitation intensity, time spent in the active cavitation zone, etc.) stay the same. If this condition is met, the quality of the final product remains at the optimized level, while the productivity is increased by a predictable "scale-up factor". The productivity increase results from the fact that laboratory, bench and industrial-scale ultrasonic processor systems incorporate progressively larger ultrasonic horns, able to generate progressively larger high-intensity cavitation zones and, therefore, to process more material per unit of time. This is called "direct scalability". It is important to point out that increasing the power capacity of the ultrasonic processor alone does not result in direct scalability, since it may be (and frequently is) accompanied by a reduction in the ultrasonic amplitude and cavitation intensity. During direct scale-up, all processing conditions must be maintained, while the power rating of the equipment is increased in order to enable the operation of a larger ultrasonic horn. Finding the optimum operation condition for this equipment is a challenge for process engineers and needs deep knowledge about side effects of ultrasonic processors.

title: Sonication


text: User talk:Recep34

title: User talk:Recep34


text:
User:Hypnerotomachia

Hullo, I am Hypnerotomachia. You can look it up on Wikipedia!

(It means "the struggle for love in a dream." Hypn--eroto--machia.)  Leave me a message!

title: User:Hypnerotomachia


text:
Talk:Blue agave

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Erienchyma.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 15:59, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

TMA
I'm not plant pathologist, so if you are, or you at least have more detail than I do, please feel free to improve my discussion of TMA. -Harmil 16:13, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Question
Shouldn't the kingdom be changed to Eukarya? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Orelenok (talk • contribs) 17:30, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Principal product
This INEGI page http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/rutinas/ept.asp?t=epib01&c=4746&e=14 is evidence that the agricultural prodcuts of the state are only a third compared to manufacturing. I'm leaving my edit as it is. SalvadorRodriguez 01:23, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

"Does tequila grow in other parts of the world?" I think tequila is actually a legal word; the drink must be made only from the blue agave (not others), and only from the blue agave which is grown in certain parts of Mexico. If your question is 'does blue agave grow in other areas besides the legal ones': yes. http://cbs2.com/video/?id=18173@kcbs.dayport.com

Lead Sentence
"Blue agave, the tequila weed of the Agave tequilana species" - that does not make sense to me. Can anyone clarify this? Thanks! sherpajohn (talk) 12:52, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Vandalism from five months ago that somehow didn't get caught, now reverted. Stan (talk) 13:46, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

moved to Agave tequilana
The page "Tequila agave" has been moved to "Agave tequilana" to follow the naming convention of the other agave species articles. Iepeulas (talk) 22:58, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

vague statement removed
I removed the statement, "Researchers from Mexico's University of Guadalajara believe blue agave contains compounds that may be useful in carrying drugs to the intestines to treat diseases, such as Crohn's disease and colitis. Reference, Chicago Sun-Times Sun April 1, 2007 p. 6A, or announcement made at ACS's annual meeting March 2007 in Chicago" because it is really too vague for the introduction and not supported by any content in the article. Plus the reference details are too vague to identify and/or verify the actual source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.94.166.193 (talk) 21:18, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Names
While "mezcal" and "maguey" refer to the genus Agave, I don't think they specifically refer to this species (as opposed to other species like Agave americana). Therefore I've removed them from the lede list, which should include synonyms but not hypernyms.

OTOH, This book says Agave tequilana is aka Weber's maguey (presumably Frédéric Albert Constantin Weber), but I'm skeptical. I surmise that in the name '''Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul''' which is used in the sources, "Weber" names the Variety (botany) whereas "Azul" names the Plant variety (law). jnestorius(talk) 18:15, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Requested move 19 August 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved Clear consensus that blue agave is the COMMONNAME. (non-admin closure) В²C ☎ 23:58, 10 September 2020 (UTC)

Agave tequilana → Blue agave – WP:COMMONNAME. This plant is well known as "blue agave", and that proposed title has redirected here since an undiscussed move in 2009 (citing "the naming convention of the other agave species articles" per a comment on the article's Talk page). It seems to me that the common name policy should take precedence here. —BarrelProof (talk) 17:37, 19 August 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. Natg 19 (talk) 02:02, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, is the recognizable common name. As an example, here are uses on NYTimes, with the species name only having a couple of mentions compared to "blue agave"'s hundreds. – Thjarkur (talk) 18:13, 19 August 2020 (UTC) —Relisting. BD2412  T 19:00, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 00:04, 20 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The COMMONNAME argument is not supported by a read through of the references.  The majority use tequilana, and too many do not even mention "blue".  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:07, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * What I see is a bit different. Some of the sources are not readily accessible. One of the sources is entitled "In Search of the Blue Agave" and doesn't mention the Latin name at all. Another opens with the sentence "The alcoholic beverage tequila is produced by the fermentation of the center of the blue agave plant, Agave tequilana var. Azul" (listing the vernacular name first). Another one appears to exclusively Latin names for everything on the whole site. Another is a one-paragraph article in another publication that exclusively uses Latin names for all article topics. The YouTube video doesn't use either name – it just says "agave". There is another one that uses the Latin name in the title and abstract but I cannot access the article body. That was all of the cited ones that I could access. I think it is understandable that Latin names are more common in formal academic biology literature, as contrasted with material written for general readership, and certainly this plant is widely known as the source of tequila –  it is not something obscure that is only familiar to academics. Google Ngram shows "Blue agave" as clearly more common than "Agave tequilana" for the last 30 years. —BarrelProof (talk) 18:41, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

 * "Blue agave" appears to be made popular through marketing associated with Tequila. This explains the surprising results in google ngrams.  Raw data like that is easily biased like this.  Blue Agave is not used in sources about the plant, and this article is botanical, about the plant.  The tequila production aspects should be reduced out of this article and put where they belong, at Tequila.  Content forking is bad.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 11:34, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose. "Blue agave" is often used to refer to (sell) Agave americana, thus ambiguous vernacular name in English. The name "blue agave" for this species is itself likely a recent calque from Mexican Spanish introduced by the tequila industry.  Leo Breman (talk) 16:00, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * It seems that the issue you are raising is whether this is a proper WP:Primary topic for "blue agave". Your search link above was not for the exact string "blue agave" with Americana – see here for that, producing very few results –  a total of 6 hits! Most of those 6 are not referring to Agave Americana as blue agave –  they are just talking about both plants on the same web page (and one of those is Wikipedia). In the cases where "blue" is used to refer to Agave americana, it is mostly being used descriptively rather than as part of the name of the plant. When I search for "blue agave", Agave tequilana is the clearly dominant result. Note that ever since it was created in 2004, "" has been completely stable as a redirect to "Agave tequilana" or "Tequila agave". Also, note that a hatnote suffices to identify the alternative topic in a WP:TWODAB situation. —BarrelProof (talk) 17:31, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment Google News hits on my side shows "blue agave" with 146 k hits, and agave tequilana 13k. Don't think there's an argument that blue agave isn't the WP:COMMONNAME.--Ortizesp (talk) 04:28, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, "blue agave" is the common name. J I P  | Talk 13:18, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. "blue agave" appears to be the common name per the Google ngrams. Rreagan007 (talk) 19:51, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Ortizesp and Rreagan007, "blue agave" is the tequila industry term, a marketing term, but the current Agave tequilana is the botanical name. This is the botanical article, and tequila production should not be here.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 11:36, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * It is the clearly dominant common name of the plant, not just a marketing term. Wikipedia has a policy of using common names in preference to academic binomials, as long as the common name is actually common and sufficiently unambiguous. Wikipedia is intended for broad readership, not primarily as a resource for academic botanists. And whenever a plant has an agricultural use, that usage is (and should be) described in the article about that plant. —BarrelProof (talk) 16:14, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * If it is so clear, why is the term not used by references to this article? —SmokeyJoe (talk) 21:25, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * It is used in at least two of them. There aren't a lot of cited sources that are readily accessible. That is further detailed above. —BarrelProof (talk) 23:00, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * It is a case of scope creep. Tequila spilling into this article.  Tequila commands a lot of attention as a popular alcohol, swamping this otherwise uninteresting plant; but of the sources seriously speaking to the plant, this article as distinct from Tequila, they use the current title as its name.   --SmokeyJoe (talk) 23:56, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * This article currently, on my screen, devotes only 4 lines of text to discussing the use of the plant for tequila production. That doesn't seem excessive to me, especially if the plant is "otherwise uninteresting". I think the usage in the context of discussion of tequila production is a further argument for why the article should use the vernacular name, since I believe the vernacular name is used more often than the Latin name when people talk about tequila. —BarrelProof (talk) 18:53, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The few lines is not excessive, although you must have a very big screen. Retitling the whole article on the basis of the references to that section, which really is an excerpt from the tequila article, is to give it too much weight to the section.  Category:Agave has strong consistency for botanical titling of the botanical agave articles, and this proposal would make tequilana special on the basis of a superfamous liquor connected to one specific cultivar of one species.  Instead of converting this article into an article on the source material for Tequila, that section should be given more attention with regards to the cultivar used, which is not all Agave tequilana. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 03:02, 8 September 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Blue agave


text:
User talk:Hanumizzle

Image copyright problem with Image:Vasm gui.png
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Dethomas 01:30, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hanumizzle


text:
Dark Champions

Dark Champions is a game published by Hero Games using its Hero System rules to simulate the action-adventure genre. It has not been adapted for the 6th edition HERO rules introduced in 2009.

History
Steven S. Long authored the Champions subgenre book Dark Champions (1993), along with several sourcebooks to support it. Hero Games later released a standalone modern action game called Dark Champions (2004). There were only a few releases for this version of Dark Champions, the last of which was Dark Champions: The Animated Series (2005), the first subgenre book from the new Hero Games company.

Contents
When the original Dark Champions book was published in the early 1990s, its focus was on dark vigilantes in a superhero or almost-superhero setting, focusing on adventures similar to those of Batman, the Punisher, and others. The edition provoked some controversy upon its release because of an emphasis on The Harbinger of Justice, an extraordinarily powerful and murderous vigilante who was the setting's signature character.

The second edition, published in 2004, emphasizes general action-adventure scenarios such as one might find in the adventures of James Bond, Lara Croft, The A-Team, the Die Hard and Lethal Weapon movies, and so forth, though costumed vigilantes are still considered a subgenre (given detail in a supplement, Dark Champions: The Animated Series). Harbinger still appears but is somewhat de-emphasized.

Dark Champions also introduced the Hudson City campaign setting, which has been expanded with further supplements.

Reviews

 * Challenge #75 (1994)
 * White Wolf #37 (July/Aug., 1993)
 * Review in Shadis #9
 * Pyramid

title: Dark Champions


text:
Olivier Bernard

Olivier Bernard (born 14 October 1979) is a French former professional footballer. He is currently the owner and CEO of Durham City.

Early life
Bernard was born in the 12th arrondissement of Paris and grew up in the south-east of the city. Both of his parents were born in Guadeloupe.

He began to be involved with local gangs from the age of 9, and credits football with turning him away from a life of crime.

Olympique Lyonnais
Bernard joined the Lyon academy at the age of 13, after being spotted while representing Seine-et-Marne in a youth cup final. He rejected a professional contract from Lyon, despite being required to under the French Professional Football Charter. He was initially required to pay compensation to the French club, but this was overturned by an eventual ruling of the European Court of Justice ten years later. This resulted in changes to the French youth transfer system.

Newcastle United
Bernard joined on a free transfer from Lyon in late-August 2000. He had an evolving career with the Magpies between 2000 and 2005, even though he was at Darlington on loan in the 2000–01 season. He formed a strong left flank partnership with fellow Frenchman Laurent Robert, being a part of Bobby Robson's side, which finished fourth, third and fifth as well as reaching the last 16 of the Champions League and the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup. He was a regular starter at the beginning of the 2004–05 season, but Robson was sacked on 28 August 2004 and replaced by Graeme Souness, who made drastic changes at the club, cutting star players like Craig Bellamy and Laurent Robert.

Southampton
After a dispute over contract negotiations, Bernard left Newcastle on 31 January 2005 to join Southampton on a five-month contract.

When Southampton were relegated to the Championship in 2005, Bernard's contract expired and was not renewed by the club.

Rangers
After leaving Southampton, Bernard signed a two-year deal with Rangers on 1 September 2005, after turning down potential moves back to the Premier League with Birmingham City and Bolton Wanderers. He cited the prospect of playing in the Champions League once again was a driving force for his move.

After just one season with Rangers, and only nine league appearances, he was released after being made surplus to requirements by new manager Paul Le Guen.

Return to Newcastle United
Newcastle fans had mixed opinions when Bernard re-signed for them on 1 September 2006 after reneging on an agreement to join Leeds United.

However, his second spell on Tyneside did not turn out as well as hoped, with Bernard struggling for fitness and a series of niggling injuries preventing him from making his second debut for Newcastle. The latest injury was reported to be a hip injury. He made numerous reserve team outings, and was an unused substitute in some UEFA Cup fixtures, including away to Palermo and Levadia Tallinn. He never made an appearance for Newcastle during his injury hampered spell. As a result of this, on 16 May 2007 it was announced that, following the appointment of Sam Allardyce as Newcastle boss Bernard, along with Titus Bramble, Oguchi Onyewu, Craig Moore, and Pavel Srníček would not be playing for the side the following season having been released from their contracts.

He trained with Toronto FC to keep his fitness up in June 2008, mainly because he is friends with former Toronto midfielder Laurent Robert.

Retirement
Bernard retired from football due to a hip injury. In a 2011 interview, he criticised manager Graeme Souness's man management and blamed him for the death of his career. Bernard's injury will require an operation eventually, but he is prolonging it despite the pain. He may never be able to run or have full mobility again- living with a limp for the rest of his life is almost a certainty. He now fights racism in football as a prominent memberShow Racism the Red Card and has appeared on Sky Sports News expressing his views on the 'Suarez/Evra dispute' and stating his displeasure at the consequent actions of the Liverpool players. He now runs The Mason Arms in Blyth.

Durham City ownership
In December 2013 it was announced that Bernard had purchased non-league Durham City and become owner and chairman of the club. On buying the club, Bernard stated "I want to make Durham one of the best feeder clubs in the north east. At the moment, I don't think the area develops enough youngsters. I want to raise the profile of the club and get links with Sunderland, Newcastle and Middlesbrough. Look at the England team, how many of them are from around here? I'll do everything I can to get players to Durham and help develop them".

Honours
Individual
 * Newcastle United Player of the Year: 2003–04

title: Olivier Bernard