text:
User:Brequinda/page006

List of people with a double-barrelled name. The article was deleted, so let's preserve it here.

Hyphenated double-barrelled first name

 * Jacques-François Ancelot
 * Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval
 * Jean-Rémy Bessieux
 * Jacques-François Blondel
 * Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
 * Mary-Ellis Bunim
 * Mary-Dell Chilton
 * Jacques-Yves Cousteau
 * Jacques-Davy Duperron
 * Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
 * Karl-Hermann Flach
 * Jean-Pierre Haigneré
 * Mary-Margaret Humes
 * Jean-Yves Lacoste (philosopher)
 * Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat
 * Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
 * Mary-Jo McDonagh
 * Jacques-Alain Miller
 * Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier
 * Jacques-Yvan Morin
 * Mary-Kate Olsen
 * Anne-Sofie von Otter (Swedish soprano)
 * Mary-Louise Parker
 * Jacques-Auguste de Thou

<!--

 * Jacques-François-Fromental-Elie Halévy
 * Jacques-Germain Soufflot
 * Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre
 * Jacques-Henri Lartigue
 * Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière
 * Jacques-Laurent Agasse
 * Jacques-Louis David
 * Jacques-Louis Soret
 * Jacques-Marie, vicomte Cavaignac
 * Jacques-Nicolas Bellin
 * Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force
 * Jacques-Paul Migne
 * Jacques-Philippe Leclerc
 * Jacques-Pierre Amette
 * Jacques-Pierre Brissot
 * Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville
 * Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh
 * Jacques-Salomon Hadamard

 * Jean-Alain Boumsong
 * Jean-Andoche Junot
 * Jean-André Deluc
 * Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
 * Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal
 * Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de Condorcet
 * Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat Condorcet
 * Jean-Antoine Chaptal
 * Jean-Antoine Houdon
 * Jean-Antoine Mercié
 * Jean-Antoine Nollet
 * Jean-Antoine Roucher
 * Jean-Antoine Watteau
 * Jean-Antoine de Baïf
 * Jean-Armand Dieskau, Baron de Dieskau
 * Jean-Arnold de Clermont
 * Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
 * Jean-Augustin Fresnel
 * Jean-Baptist-Point du Sable
 * Jean-Baptist Biot
 * Jean-Baptist Lully
 * Jean-Baptiste, Comte D'erlon Drouet
 * Jean-Baptiste, Comte de Villèle
 * Jean-Baptiste, Count Jourdan
 * Jean-Baptiste, Duc D'istrie Bessieres
 * Jean-Baptiste-Andre Dumas
 * Jean-Baptiste-Antoine-Marcelin, Baron de Marbot
 * Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
 * Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
 * Jean-Baptiste-Gustave Planche
 * Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre
 * Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
 * Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset
 * Jean-Baptiste-Robert Lindet
 * Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin
 * Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
 * Jean-Baptiste-Sylvere Gay, Viscount de Martignac
 * Jean-Baptiste Abessolo
 * Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr
 * Jean-Baptiste Arban
 * Jean-Baptiste Audebert
 * Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
 * Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
 * Jean-Baptiste Berthelin
 * Jean-Baptiste Bessières
 * Jean-Baptiste Biot
 * Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
 * Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant
 * Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot
 * Jean-Baptiste Cardinal Pham Minh Mân
 * Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux
 * Jean-Baptiste Carrier
 * Jean-Baptiste Chardin
 * Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier
 * Jean-Baptiste Claude Eugène Guillaume
 * Jean-Baptiste Colbert
 * Jean-Baptiste Colbert, marquis de Torcy
 * Jean-Baptiste Corot
 * Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
 * Jean-Baptiste Drouet
 * Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Count d'Erlon
 * Jean-Baptiste Drouet (French revolutionary)
 * Jean-Baptiste Drouet (Napoleonic soldier)
 * Jean-Baptiste Dubos
 * Jean-Baptiste Dumas
 * Jean-Baptiste Elie de Beaumont
 * Jean-Baptiste Eugène Estienne
 * Jean-Baptiste Gail
 * Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison
 * Jean-Baptiste Gaston, duc d'Orléans
 * Jean-Baptiste Gaye, Vicomte de Martignac
 * Jean-Baptiste Greuze
 * Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de Villèle
 * Jean-Baptiste Guimet
 * Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire
 * Jean-Baptiste Honoré Raymond Capefigue
 * Jean-Baptiste Isabey
 * Jean-Baptiste Joseph Emile Montegut
 * Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
 * Jean-Baptiste Joseph Émile Montégut
 * Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
 * Jean-Baptiste Kleber
 * Jean-Baptiste Kléber
 * Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière
 * Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
 * Jean-Baptiste Lavimaudier
 * Jean-Baptiste Lavimodière
 * Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
 * Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne
 * Jean-Baptiste Lindet
 * Jean-Baptiste Louis Crevier
 * Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros
 * Jean-Baptiste Louvet
 * Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai
 * Jean-Baptiste Lully
 * Jean-Baptiste Masse
 * Jean-Baptiste Massillon
 * Jean-Baptiste Moens
 * Jean-Baptiste Ngueme Abessolo
 * Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Armand Carrel
 * Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
 * Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin
 * Jean-Baptiste Perrée
 * Jean-Baptiste Pham Minh Mân
 * Jean-Baptiste Pigalle
 * Jean-Baptiste Point du Sable
 * Jean-Baptiste Regnault
 * Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
 * Jean-Baptiste Rousseau
 * Jean-Baptiste Say
 * Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin
 * Jean-Baptiste Tavernier
 * Jean-Baptiste Thibault
 * Jean-Baptiste Ventura
 * Jean-Baptiste de Gribeauval
 * Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
 * Jean-Baptiste de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck
 * Jean-Baptiste de la Salle
 * Jean-Baptiste du Val-de-Grâce, baron de Cloots
 * Jean-Baptiste le Moyne de Bienville
 * Jean-Baptiste van Loo
 * Jean-Barthélemy Hauréau
 * Jean-Bedel Bokassa
 * Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault
 * Jean-Bernard Foucault
 * Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan
 * Jean-Bernard Raimond
 * Jean-Bertrand Aristide
 * Jean-Bosco Mwenda
 * Jean-Bédel Bokassa
 * Jean-C. Lapierre
 * Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier
 * Jean-Charles-Galinard de Marignac
 * Jean-Charles Chapais
 * Jean-Charles Houzeau
 * Jean-Charles de Borda
 * Jean-Charles de la Faille
 * Jean-Christian Michel
 * Jean-Christophe Boullion
 * Jean-Christophe Guinchard
 * Jean-Christophe Lafaille
 * Jean-Christophe Mitterand
 * Jean-Christophe Yoccoz
 * Jean-Claude Camille François Van Varenberg
 * Jean-Claude Cardinal Turcotte
 * Jean-Claude Carrière
 * Jean-Claude D'Amours
 * Jean-Claude Decaux
 * Jean-Claude Duvalier
 * Jean-Claude Fruteau
 * Jean-Claude Germain
 * Jean-Claude Izzo
 * Jean-Claude Juncker
 * Jean-Claude Killy
 * Jean-Claude Martinez
 * Jean-Claude Mézières
 * Jean-Claude Pascal
 * Jean-Claude Risset
 * Jean-Claude Rivest
 * Jean-Claude Romand
 * Jean-Claude Trichet
 * Jean-Claude Turcotte
 * Jean-Claude Usunier
 * Jean-Claude Valluy
 * Jean-Claude d'Amours
 * Jean-Claude van Damme
 * Jean-Daniel Cadinot
 * Jean-Daniel Nicoud
 * Jean-David Nau
 * Jean-Denis, Comte Lanjuinais
 * Jean-Denis Deletraz
 * Jean-Dominique Bauby
 * Jean-Dominique Cassini
 * Jean-Dominique Ingres
 * Jean-Drapeau (Montreal Metro)
 * Jean-Etienne-Dominique Esquirol
 * Jean-Etienne-Marie Portalis
 * Jean-Etienne Guettard
 * Jean-Etienne Valluy
 * Jean-Eudes Dubé
 * Jean-Eugene Robert-Houdin
 * Jean-Felix Piccard
 * Jean-Francois-Marie de Surville
 * Jean-Francois-Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz
 * Jean-Francois Champollion
 * Jean-Francois Clervoy
 * Jean-Francois Darlan
 * Jean-Francois Ducis
 * Jean-Francois Lamour
 * Jean-Francois Lesueur
 * Jean-Francois Lyotard
 * Jean-Francois Marmontel
 * Jean-Francois Millet
 * Jean-Francois Ntoutoume Emane
 * Jean-Francois Oeben
 * Jean-Francois Paillard
 * Jean-Francois Regnard
 * Jean-Francois Remesy
 * Jean-Francois Revel
 * Jean-Francois Rewbell
 * Jean-Francois Sarasin
 * Jean-Francois Thiriart
 * Jean-Francois de Galaup, Count de la Perouse
 * Jean-Francois de la Barre
 * Jean-Francois de la Harpe
 * Jean-François-Marie de Surville
 * Jean-François Allard
 * Jean-François Brûlet
 * Jean-François Champollion
 * Jean-François Clervoy
 * Jean-François Collin d'Harleville
 * Jean-François Darlan
 * Jean-François Ducis
 * Jean-François Galaup de La Pérouse
 * Jean-François Gerbillon
 * Jean-François Lamour
 * Jean-François Lyotard
 * Jean-François Marmontel
 * Jean-François Millet
 * Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane
 * Jean-François Oeben
 * Jean-François Paillard
 * Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier
 * Jean-François Regnard
 * Jean-François Reubell
 * Jean-François Revel
 * Jean-François Rewbell
 * Jean-François Susbielle
 * Jean-François Thiriart
 * Jean-François Willems
 * Jean-François de Galaup, count de La Pérouse
 * Jean-François de La Pérouse
 * Jean-François de Saint-Lambert
 * Jean-François de la Barre
 * Jean-François de la Harpe
 * Jean-Frederic Bazille
 * Jean-Frederic Waldeck
 * Jean-Frédéric Bazille
 * Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas
 * Jean-Frédéric Waldeck
 * Jean-Gaspard-Felix Lacher Ravaisson-Mollien
 * Jean-Gaspard Deburau
 * Jean-Gaspard Félix Lacher Ravaisson-Mollien
 * Jean-Gaston Darboux
 * Jean-Georges Noverre
 * Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, Duke de Persigny
 * Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville
 * Jean-Guy Paquet
 * Jean-Henri Fabre
 * Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné
 * Jean-Henri Riesener
 * Jean-Henry Gourgaud
 * Jean-Hilaire Aubame
 * Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin
 * Jean-Honoré Fragonard
 * Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès
 * Jean-Jacques Ampère
 * Jean-Jacques Annaud
 * Jean-Jacques Beineix
 * Jean-Jacques Bertrand
 * Jean-Jacques Blais
 * Jean-Jacques Boissard
 * Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui
 * Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel
 * Jean-Jacques Dessalines
 * Jean-Jacques Dordain
 * Jean-Jacques Favier
 * Jean-Jacques Goldman
 * Jean-Jacques Haus
 * Jean-Jacques Henner
 * Jean-Jacques Laffont
 * Jean-Jacques Lebel
 * Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan
 * Jean-Jacques Nattiez
 * Jean-Jacques Pelletier
 * Jean-Jacques Quisquater
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 * Jean-Jacques Sempe
 * Jean-Jacques Sempé
 * Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber
 * Jean-Jacquez Dozy
 * Jean-Jerome Adam
 * Jean-Joseph, marquis Dessolles
 * Jean-Joseph-Marie, Amiot Amiot
 * Jean-Joseph Jacotot
 * Jean-Joseph Mouret
 * Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo
 * Jean-Jérôme Adam
 * Jean-Lambert Tallien
 * Jean-Leon Gérome
 * Jean-Louis-André-Théodore Géricault
 * Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier
 * Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille
 * Jean-Louis-Paul-François, 5th duc de Noailles
 * Jean-Louis Aubert
 * Jean-Louis Barrault
 * Jean-Louis Bourlanges
 * Jean-Louis Brougière
 * Jean-Louis Cardinal Tauran
 * Jean-Louis Cottigny
 * Jean-Louis Debré
 * Jean-Louis Gassée
 * Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac
 * Jean-Louis Hamon
 * Jean-Louis Laya
 * Jean-Louis Pons
 * Jean-Louis Roux
 * Jean-Louis Schlesser
 * Jean-Louis Tauran
 * Jean-Louis Trintignant
 * Jean-Loup Chrétien
 * Jean-Loup J.M. Chrétien
 * Jean-Luc Bennahmias
 * Jean-Luc De Meyer
 * Jean-Luc Dehaene
 * Jean-Luc Goddard
 * Jean-Luc Lagardère
 * Jean-Luc Nancy
 * Jean-Luc Picard
 * Jean-Luc Ponty
 * Jean-Luc Pépin
 * Jean-Luc de Meyer
 * Jean-Léon Gérôme
 * Jean-Marc Bosman
 * Jean-Marc Dalpé
 * Jean-Marc Fournier
 * Jean-Marc Gounon
 * Jean-Marc Lalonde
 * Jean-Marc Mormeck
 * Jean-Marc Nattier
 * Jean-Marc Perraud
 * Jean-Marc Rouillan
 * Jean-Marc de La Sablière
 * Jean-Marcel Jeanneney
 * Jean-Marie Auberson
 * Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry
 * Jean-Marie Beaupuy
 * Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger
 * Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot
 * Jean-Marie Cavada
 * Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
 * Jean-Marie Charpentier
 * Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon
 * Jean-Marie Collot D'herbois
 * Jean-Marie Dedecker
 * Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
 * Jean-Marie Le Pen
 * Jean-Marie Leclair
 * Jean-Marie Lehn
 * Jean-Marie Lustiger
 * Jean-Marie Messier
 * Jean-Marie Musy
 * Jean-Marie Pallardy
 * Jean-Marie Pelt
 * Jean-Marie Pfaff
 * Jean-Marie Roland
 * Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
 * Jean-Marie Souriau
 * Jean-Marie Straub
 * Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center
 * Jean-Marie Villot
 * Jean-Marie de Lanessan
 * Jean-Marie le Pen
 * Jean-Martin Charcot
 * Jean-Mathieu-Philibert, comte Sérurier
 * Jean-Maurice-Emile Baudot
 * Jean-Michel Atlan
 * Jean-Michel Basquiat
 * Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec
 * Jean-Michel Jarre
 * Jean-Michel Liade Gnonka
 * Jean-Michel Ménard
 * Jean-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
 * Jean-Nicolas Bouilly
 * Jean-Nicolas Corvisart
 * Jean-Nicolas Pache
 * Jean-Nicolas Servan
 * Jean-Nicolas Stofflet
 * Jean-Noël Perrier Doumbe
 * Jean-Pascal Delamuraz
 * Jean-Paul-François, 5th duc de Noailles
 * Jean-Paul Akayesu
 * Jean-Paul Belmondo
 * Jean-Paul Civeyrac
 * Jean-Paul Crespelle
 * Jean-Paul Gaultier
 * Jean-Paul Gauzès
 * Jean-Paul Kamudimba
 * Jean-Paul L'Allier
 * Jean-Paul Lam
 * Jean-Paul Laurens
 * Jean-Paul Lemieux
 * Jean-Paul Marat
 * Jean-Paul Mousseau
 * Jean-Paul Ngoupande
 * Jean-Paul Ngoupandé
 * Jean-Paul Proust
 * Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Etienne
 * Jean-Paul Riopelle
 * Jean-Paul Sartre
 * Jean-Paul St. Laurent
 * Jean-Philippe Peguero
 * Jean-Philippe Rameau
 * Jean-Philippe de Cheseaux
 * Jean-Pierre-Abel Rémusat
 * Jean-Pierre-Francois Blanchard
 * Jean-Pierre Abbat
 * Jean-Pierre Ady Fenyo
 * Jean-Pierre Andrevon
 * Jean-Pierre Aumont
 * Jean-Pierre Bachasson, comte de Montalivet
 * Jean-Pierre Barda
 * Jean-Pierre Beltoise
 * Jean-Pierre Blanchard
 * Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
 * Jean-Pierre Boyer
 * Jean-Pierre Brard
 * Jean-Pierre Changuex
 * Jean-Pierre Chevènement
 * Jean-Pierre Cortot
 * Jean-Pierre Dardenne
 * Jean-Pierre Ferland
 * Jean-Pierre Gorin
 * Jean-Pierre Goyer
 * Jean-Pierre Haigneré
 * Jean-Pierre Halgenere
 * Jean-Pierre Jabouille
 * Jean-Pierre Jarier
 * Jean-Pierre Jeunet
 * Jean-Pierre Jouyet
 * Jean-Pierre Kingsley
 * Jean-Pierre Leaud
 * Jean-Pierre Lebreton
 * Jean-Pierre Léaud
 * Jean-Pierre Melville
 * Jean-Pierre Monséré
 * Jean-Pierre Ouellet
 * Jean-Pierre Papin
 * Jean-Pierre Petit
 * Jean-Pierre Raffarin
 * Jean-Pierre Rampal
 * Jean-Pierre Reux-Tout
 * Jean-Pierre Schecroun
 * Jean-Pierre Serre
 * Jean-Pierre Vigier
 * Jean-Pierre Wallot
 * Jean-Pierre Wimille
 * Jean-Pierre de Crousaz
 * Jean-Raymond Gottlieb
 * Jean-Richard Geurts
 * Jean-Robert Argand
 * Jean-Robert Gauthier

 * Jean-Sebastien Giguere
 * Jean-Serge Brisson
 * Jean-Sifrein Maury
 * Jean-Sylvain Bailly
 * Jean-Victor Poncelet
 * Jean-Yves Adam
 * Jean-Yves Girard

 * Jean-Yves Roy
 * Jean-Yves Verd'hurt
 * Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis
 * Jean-Étienne Boré
 * Jean-Étienne Guettard
 * Jean-Étienne Montucla
 * Jean-Étienne Valluy

-->

Unhyphenated double-barrelled first name

 * Lisa Marie Presley

Hyphenated double-barrelled surname

 * Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
 * Tim Brooke-Taylor (British comedian)
 * Sophie Ellis-Bextor (British pop singer)
 * Sarah Fitz-Claridge
 * Roderick Haig-Brown
 * Sir John Harvey-Jones (British business guru)
 * Kit Hesketh-Harvey (British comedian)
 * Saskia Howard-Clarke (Big Brother UK contestant)
 * Vanessa Layton-McIntosh (Big Brother UK contestant)
 * Tara Palmer-Tomkinson (British 'it' girl)
 * Vita Sackville-West
 * Buffy Sainte-Marie
 * Augustus Saint-Gaudens
 * Chris Stuart-Clark
 * Arthur Quiller-Couch (author)

Unhyphenated double-barrelled surname

 * Andrew Bonar Law (former British prime minister)
 * Iain Duncan Smith (British Conservative politician)
 * David Lloyd George (former British prime minister)
 * Yves Saint Laurent
 * Kristin Scott Thomas (British actress)

title: User:Brequinda/page006


text:
Viaduct Harbour

Viaduct Harbour, formerly known as Viaduct Basin, is a former commercial harbour on the Auckland waterfront that has been turned into a development of mostly upscale apartments, office space and restaurants. It is located on the site of a formerly run-down area of the Freemans Bay / Auckland CBD waterfront in Auckland, New Zealand. As a centre of activity of the 2000 America's Cup hosted by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, as well as the 2022 Rally New Zealand, the precinct enjoyed considerable popularity with locals and foreign visitors.

Demographics
The statistical area of Wynyard-Viaduct, which also includes Wynyard Quarter, covers 0.60 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Wynyard-Viaduct had a population of 1,008 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 33 people (3.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 309 people (44.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 630 households, comprising 516 males and 492 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.05 males per female. The median age was 44.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 39 people (3.9%) aged under 15 years, 189 (18.8%) aged 15 to 29, 648 (64.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 129 (12.8%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 75.3% European/Pākehā, 3.6% Māori, 1.8% Pacific peoples, 18.8% Asian, and 6.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 53.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.4% had no religion, 30.4% were Christian, 0.9% were Hindu, 1.8% were Muslim, 1.8% were Buddhist and 3.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 495 (51.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 33 (3.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $74,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 507 people (52.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 645 (66.6%) people were employed full-time, 99 (10.2%) were part-time, and 27 (2.8%) were unemployed.

Original purpose

Designed along the line of the basins common in London, the Viaduct Basin was so-called because of a failed scheme by the Auckland Harbour Board in the early years of the 20th century. As the size of ships was increasing dramatically, rather than build new wharves or dredge the harbour channels, it was proposed that cargo ships moor out in the Waitematā Harbour channel and be unloaded into "lighters", small barges that would then ferry the goods to shore via the specially built wharves in the new "Viaduct Lighter Basin". The shipping companies refused to co-operate and forced the Harbour Board to engage in dredging and the construction of new wharves.

This left the partially completed lighter basin without a real purpose, so it was used to berth the various fishing boats and thus tidy up the appearance of the Auckland waterfront further east. Next to the Lighter Basin a fish market and various warehouses were constructed, including Turners & Growers Ltd, the city's main produce wholesalers. The far side of the area was connected by a mechanical bridge that was able to be raised to allow passage into the basin to the fishing vessels which used it.

For most of the 20th century, the harbour acted as the centre for much of the fishing industry in Auckland.

Shipyards
Timber mills had occupied the edges of Freeman's Bay prior to the construction of the Lighter Basin and Victoria Park; these continued to be a feature of the area for most of the 20th century along with other industries such as foundries, many of which were associated with ship building in one way or another.

Boat building in Freeman's Bay was started in 1864 by Donald McInnis, who built a schooner. Other yards, added along much of the waterfront, included -

 * Charles Bailey started off a series of firms. He was an apprentice of Henry Niccol and took over George Beddoes' Devonport yard in 1870. He moved to a larger yard on Customs Street West, where he built PS Britannia for Devonport Steam Ferry in 1885. William George Lowe was an apprentice with Charles Bailey and later joined Lane & Brown at Totara North. When Charles (junior) and Walter Bailey started at Freeman's Bay as C & W Bailey, W G Lowe returned to join them. That firm was dissolved in 1900, when W G Lowe started on his own, but was soon joined by Walter Bailey to form Bailey & Lowe, which had a yard on Customs Street West in 1903, until Walter Bailey died in 1927. In 1904 Charles Bailey's yard was opposite Gleeson's Hotel, which was on the corner of Hobson Street and Fanshawe Street. Charles Bailey & Son had a yard at Beaumont Street, Freeman's Bay, which caught fire in 1907, where Ernest Charles Bailey died in 1943 and several Devonport Steam Ferry ships were built. W G Lowe & Son then took on the Beaumont yard from 1927, though W G Lowe died on 14 June 1935. They built 5 boats in 1937 and were still at Freeman's Bay in 1942. As part of a programme for the war effort, the minesweepers Hinau, Manuka, Rimu and Tawhai were built at the Marine Department's Beaumont Street yard, initially in timber, before taking over another yard in 1943 for steel ships, the first being Waikato, with a boiler by Hutt railway works, woodwork by W G Lowe and steel hulls by Mason Brothers, who had a yard in Beaumont Street from 1927, after moving from Port Chalmers. Rimu was laid out by Charles Bailey and built by Senior Foundry, which had been near Albert Street in 1913, was bought by Northern Steamship in 1927 and was in Beaumont Street in 1941. About 1971 it became part of Cable Price Downer, which in 1987 was associated with Brierley Investments. Seagar Brothers were on Albert Street in 1892 and later worked on the machinery and steelwork of Hinau at the Beaumont yard.
 * John Bigelow was working at John McLeod's yard in Onehunga in 1863. Keane and Bigelow were near Queen St in 1873, R S Bigelow & Sons built Kate McGregor in 1874 and John Bigelow raised a sunken ship in the bay in 1891. They moved to Customs Street West in 1893. John Bigelow died in 1903.
 * William Hoile Brown had yards near the foot of Hobson Street and in Poore Street, now Westhaven Drive, on the western reclamation. After W H Brown retired, Percy Vos and Shipbuilders Ltd had yards in Poore Street, from 1922. The Percy Vos yard moved to nearby 37 Hamer Street in 1937 and is now preserved by the Maritime Museum. Shipbuilders replaced their fire damaged site with a new one nearby in 1945.
 * James William Carr had a boatyard near the foot of Nelson Street from about 1865. He died in Upper Nelson Street in 1909, aged 81.
 * Duthie & Ross launched the 200 ft long steamer, Golden Crown, from their Smale's Point yard in 1870. Ross had a yard in 1873. Duthie had a yard on the reclamation in 1878.
 * David Gouk repaired the barque Crishna in 1871. C Gouk launched the 66 ft long scow Dominion in Freeman's Bay on 24 April 1908. His yard started in Customs Street West and he raised over 60 wrecks between 1863 and 1908. From about 1901 the firm mainly built wharves and bridges.
 * Henderson and Spraggon, opposite Gleeson's Hotel, was founded by Adam Henderson, who was a shipwright by 1866. His son, Robert, retired in about 1928.
 * C Hewson and R Melville (a Henderson and Spraggon foreman) had a yard at Breakwater Road, near the foot of Princes Street between at least 1879 and 1889.
 * Robert Logan had a yard on Customs Street West.
 * Captain Richard Mackay had a yard from about 1855 near the foot of Albert and Hobson Streets. His largest ship was the 112 ft long brigantine, Defiance, launched in 1880 and his last ship was the barque, Northern Chief, built in 1887.
 * George Niccol had a Fanshawe Street yard, near the Kauri Timber depot, between at least 1905 and 1924.

New quarter
In 1995, Russell Coutts and Team New Zealand won the America's Cup in San Diego. This led to Auckland hosting the 2000 America's Cup, and the viaduct was redeveloped to accommodate the America's Cup teams. After the competition, the area became a mixed-use zone of apartments and restaurants. A 2003 proposal to rename the Viaduct Harbour to 'Blake Harbour' (for Sir Peter Blake, a famous New Zealand yachtsman) was not successful. In 2011, the area of the Auckland waterfront to the west of the Viaduct Harbour, historically known as the Western Reclamation or Tank Farm, was redeveloped into Wynyard Quarter.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Viaduct Harbour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chet rothberg

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy, I guess. It was red when I got here. humblefool®Deletion Reform 01:12, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Chet rothberg
Genealogy does not assert notability, nor does Google. See WP:NOT. --Viriditas | Talk 08:01, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:AlexP~enwiki

Dutch from origin, living somewhere else in the European Union, mainly active on the Dutch wikipedia

de:Benutzer:AlexP fr:Utilisateur:AlexP nl:Gebruiker:AlexP

title: User:AlexP~enwiki


text:
Talk:Lynkestis

POV-pushing in the lede
The Illyrian theory is not "alternatively" supported, and those who support an Illyrian identity are not saying they spoke Greek. Either this will stop immediately or admin intervention will be sought. Time is precious to waste with such nonsense. Ktrimi991 (talk) 23:59, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

 * The Illyrian identity is not supported at all in scholarship, just 2-3 non-specialist works that simply happen to mention that name 'Lynkestae' just once. All specialist works that provide in depth analysis should stay in lede and no wonder 'all' sources that provide analysis about the language (theρε are many) simply ignore that kind of wp:FRINGE. As such removing sourced information about the language of that population (which happen to be non-Illyrian) in favor to wp:FRINGE constitutes disruption. Long story short: those 2-3 who just mention something about an Illyrian identity are not saying something else and off course nothing about language. As such that's not an excuse to remove everything about the language spoken in Lynkestes.Alexikoua (talk) 00:53, 15 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm also proposing to add the rest of Vasilev's statement in lead (Bato forgot to mention the part about the Illyrians ): . Well, Bato repeated several times that Vasilev should be used in lede and its time to add the (non)Illyrian part. Objections?Alexikoua (talk) 01:23, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
 * WP:UNDUE proposals by User:Alexikoua, which ignore many reliable sources, just for POV-pushing purposes. – Βατο (talk) 09:05, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Bato is simply into an extreme wp:cherry campaign here by adding partial material. The so-called Illyrian link should be removed as it is not supported by 'reliable sources'. This is cited by Vasilev a source that Bato is desperately propagating in favor in this TP (though he insists on the partial inclusion of this work: no reliable sources available on the Lyncestea being considered Illyrians or Epirotes instead of Macedonians it would be childish to insists that only the Epirote link should be included in link). Objections? (please provided concrete arguments why a partial inclusion of Vasilev is warranted)Alexikoua (talk) 16:38, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

Protected edit request on 18 February 2024
Please add none to the source in the "Further reading" section (Errington 1990) to suppress the harv/sfn multiple target error. Wham2001 (talk) 15:12, 18 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ * Pppery * it has begun... 17:02, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

(found within the last sentence of the Macedonian rule section)
 * What I think should be changed (format using textdiff):
 * Why it should be changed: "seperately" is an incorrect spelling of "separately"

Daffgatter (talk) 22:06, 18 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ * Pppery * it has begun... 23:24, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynkestis


text:
Architects of Iran

An Iranian architect is traditionally called a mi'mar (plural معماران me'mâran).

The Persian dictionary of Mo'in defines a mi'mar as:

 * 1) That who devises the design and plan of a building, and overlooks its construction.
 * 2) A Banna
 * 3) That who is responsible for the building, developing, and repairs of a structure or edifice (Emārat).

Classical words Banna, Mohandes, Ostad, and Amal which appear in classical manuals and references of Islamic architecture.

Although many scholars do not recognize the Mimar and the Architect to historically be the same, they do agree that their responsibilities overlap extensively. In this list, they are taken to be the same.

The list is in chronological order and selectively spans the Islamic age based on available records. There is little, if any, record of the numerous masters of architecture that built some of the early Islamic and pre-Islamic world's wonders of Iran. It is unknown who built the palaces of Bishapur, Firuzabad, Persepolis, Susa, or the many other spectacular ancient edifices of Greater Iran. No record of their names exists. Only the ruins of what they built give us a faint indication of what masters must have walked the face of this earth eons ago.

Many of the structures remaining today possibly had more than one architect working on them. Only one is mentioned in the following list, and only their most famous work is mentioned. The list also contains the names of builders whom exact dates have been attributed to their buildings.

Pre-Islamic

 * Epsay: Holy shrine of Bishapur, 271 CE.
 * Sheyda: Was a legendary master who built the magnificent Sasanian palace of Haft Gonbad of Bahram V, according to the poet Nizami Ganjavi.

First four centuries of the Islamic era

 * Mashallah ibn Athari: Designed and planned Baghdad.
 * Naubakht: Designed and planned Baghdad.

13th century

 * Moslem: Built the caravanserai of Sangbast in Khorasan in 1202CE.
 * Muhammad Rigi: Built Mil-e Radkan in Quchan in 1203CE.
 * Ahmad Ibn Bakr Marandi: Built the tomb of Keikavus in 1219CE.
 * Saeed Ibn Jafar al-Bana: Built a tower in Firuzabad, Fars.
 * Muahammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Alavi: Built the Congregation mosque of Bunaft in Yazd in 1234CE.
 * Ostad Zeinuddin Abu Rasheed: Built Hisar Khalaj in Baku in 1234CE.
 * Ostad Enayatollah Ibn Nizamulddin Mimar Isfahani: Built the Gonbad-e Sabz in Kerman in 1242CE.
 * Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Bana al-Tusi: Built the Madrasah of Sir Chali in Konya in 1242CE.
 * Nizamuddin ibn Ostad Ali ibn Ali ibn Najjar: Built the Imamzadeh Seyd Jafar in Damghan in 1264CE.
 * Badreddin Tabrizi: Built the tomb of Rumi in Konya in 1273CE.
 * Zinul-abedin Mimar: Built the Congregation mosque of Urmia in 1276CE.
 * Ostad Ali ibn Hosein Ali al-Ghazi: Built the Tomb of Sheikh Yusef Sarvestani in Fars in 1280CE.
 * Muhammad al-Hosein al-Mohandes al-bana Damghani: Built the tower of Burj-e Kashaneh in Bastam in 1299CE.

14th century

 * Ostad Ali Haji al-Sanai al-Semnani: Built the Forumad mosque of Jajaram in Khorasan in 1319CE.
 * Muhammad Shah Naqqash: Built the tomb of Pir-e Bakran in Isfahan in 1302CE.
 * Sayyed Ali Shah: Built the Dome of Soltaniyeh in Zanjan in 1303CE also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 * Masoud Kermani: Built the Mihrab of Imamzadeh Rabi'eh Khatun in Ashtarjan, Isfahan, in 1306CE.
 * Heydar Yabadr: Built the mihrab of the Congregation mosque of Isfahan in 1310CE.
 * Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Bana: Built the Congregation mosque of Ashtarjan, Isfahan, in 1314CE.
 * Muhammad ibn Hasan ibn Ibitalib Mohandes Bana al-Damghani and his brother Haji: Built the tomb of Bayazid Bastami in 1323 CE.
 * Ostad Muhammad ibn Jamal Ahmad: Built the Burj-i Dozal tower near Tabriz.
 * Abu Taleb Damghani: Built Imamzadeh Jafar in Isfahan in 1324CE.
 * Muhammad ibn Umar al-Sheikh: Built the northern Iwan of Madraseh-i Imami in Isfahan in 1324CE.
 * Ali Qazvini: Built the Congregation mosque of Varamin in 1321CE.
 * Ali ibn Ibrahim: Built the mosque of Tajang, Yazd, 1328CE.
 * Ostad Aghajan ibn Damavandi: Built the Imamzadeh Abdollah in Damavand in 1329CE.
 * Haji Muhammad al-Bana Savoji: Built the caravanserai of Seen in Isfahan in 1330CE.
 * Khajeh Hosein ibn Seifuddin Mahmud ibn Taj Khajeh: Built the Congregation mosque of Marand in 1339CE.
 * Falaki Tabrizi: Built Arg-e Alishah in 1337CE.
 * Mafakhir an-Najjar Ustad Hasan ibn Jamal Ahmad Shir Gir: Built Imamzadeh Ghasem Azna in 1337CE.
 * Sayyed Ali Amir Hosein al-Bukhari: Built Bogh'eh Mir Muhamad in Kharg island in 1339CE.
 * Shokrollah: Built Congregation Mosque of Kerman, in 1348CE.
 * Ustad Shamsiddin: Built the tomb of Shu-juk Beiga, sister of Tamerlane in Samarkand in 1370CE.
 * Khajeh Hosein-e Shirazi: Built the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Kazakhstan in 1396CE.
 * Ustad Shirazi Mimar: Built the caravanserai of Dehbeed in Fars in 1384CE.
 * Ustad Arif ibn Ustad Musa Jibal: Built the haji Sheikhleh Emarate in Shiravan in 1384CE.
 * Ustad Ghashtasb ibn Musa: Built the public bath of Haji Zainuddin Damghani in sharvanshahan in 1387CE.

15th century

 * Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Isfahani: Built the Gur-i Amir, tomb of Tamerlane, in Samarkand in 1403CE.
 * Sayyed Ali ibn Sayyed Kamaluddin Banna Amuli: Built the Burj-i Sultan Zainul-abideen in Sari in 1406CE.
 * Ghavameddin Shirazi: Built the Goharshad Mosque in 1417 CE.
 * Hasan Jafar Ustad Mimar Bashi: Built the Imamzadeh Abdollah tomb in Bafq.
 * Muhammad ibn Ghadir aka Ajor-tarash: Built the Darb-i Imam mosque in Isfahan in 1427CE.
 * Pasha ibn Bakshah Jamshid: Built the Emarat Shah Balu in the village of Ahu Dasht Natel Rastaq in 1435CE.
 * Ustad Haji Ahmad: Built The Ghal'eh Ghar Khalar in Darband in 1437CE.
 * Khajeh Mahmud Haj Zein Jame' Shirazi: Built the Mazar-e Sheikh Ahmad Jam complex in Khorasan in 1439CE.
 * Abdolqadir Isfahani: Built the mosque of Dabbagh-khaneh in Ankara in 1443CE.
 * Ustad Hasan ibn Ali Husein Bana Amuli: Built three extant structures in the village of Kajur in around 1443CE.
 * Ustad Ghitheddin Shirazi: Built the Congregation mosque of Khargerd in Khorasan in 1443CE.
 * Haydar Nafji: Built the khanqah of Nasr-abad in Isfahan in 1445CE.
 * Shamsoddin Muhammad Tabrizi: Built the Mosque of Shah (Masjed-i Shah) in Mashad in 1451CE.
 * Ustad Shamsoddin Ibn Nasrollah Motahhari: Built the Imamzadeh Soltan Mohammad Taher in Babol in 1470CE.
 * Mohammad ibn Mahmud Bastami: Built the mosque of Masjed-i Sorkhan in Bastam in 1477CE.
 * Hosein ibn Ali ibn Ahmad Lahijani: Built the mausoleum of Samām in Gilan in 1478CE.
 * Darvish Nureddin: Built the mausoleum of Imamzadeh Ali in Shekarnab near Qazvin in 1479CE.
 * Muhammad Ravan-i Qazvini: He and Haj Abbas ibn Mahmud Qazvini both built the pol-i dokhtar bridge in Miyaneh in Qazvin province in 1483CE.
 * Yaqub Ruyani: Built both the Sim River bridge in Lahijan as well as the Polur River bridge northeast of Damavand in 1486 CE.

16th century

 * Bayazid ibn Haji Javad: Built the Imamzadeh Yahya shrine in Larijan in 1513CE.
 * Ostad Hosein Khorasani: Re-built the tomb of Sheikh Abdol-Samad in Natanz in 1514CE.
 * Ustad Mir Ahmad ibn Mir Haji Qomi: Built the Masjed-e Jame'i Saveh mosque in Saveh in 1516CE.
 * Farabi ibn Uthman Sa'di: Built the Masjed-i Bozorg-i Ghal'eh-i Hasan Keifa mosque in 1520CE.
 * Ustad Hosein: Built the Mausoleum of Harun Velayat near Isfahan in 1521CE.
 * Ustad Shamseddin Isfahani: Built the Mausoleum of Imamzadeh Hamzeh in Bavanat in 1528CE.
 * Taqi Sultan Qomi: Built the famous Feyziyeh Qom seminary in Qom in 1532CE.
 * Sani'ullah Mimar-i Yazdi: Built the Congregation mosque of Yazd in 1539CE.
 * Ustad Shah Hosein Lahiji: Built the mausoleum of Agha Sheikh Abolvajih near Lahijan in 1540CE.
 * Heydar Ali Ardestani: Built the popular shrine of Imamzadeh Mahruq in Nishapur in 1545CE.
 * Sayyed Muhammad ibn Mirak Ghiyathuddin: Built the World Heritage Site of Humayun's Tomb in India in 1562CE.

17th century

 * Ahmad Sepah Banna: Built the Qeysarieh bazaar of Lar in 1605CE.
 * Sultan Muhammad Yazdi: Built the caravanserai and bathhouse of Ganjali khan in Kerman in 1610CE.
 * Ustad Ali Akbar Isfahani: He and two other associates built the Shah Mosque of Isfahan between 1612 and 1631.
 * Ustad Hosein Shamā'i.e. Shirazi: Built the Madreseh Khan in Shiraz in 1615CE.
 * Baha al-Din al-Amili: Designed a dam (band) in Qahrud, 35 km south of Kashan in 1616CE, as well as Naqsh-e Jahan Square and Charbagh Avenue in Isfahan, and the Monar Jonban, also known as the two shaking minarets.
 * Abdol-jabbar: Built the Madreseh Shirdar in Shiraz in 1618CE.
 * Muhammad Reza ibn Ustad Hosein Banna Isfahani: Built the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan in 1618CE.
 * Mulla Alaul Maulk Tuni: One of the architects of Shalimar Gardens, Lahore.
 * Shah Taher ibn Sultan Muhammad Naqqash: Built the mausoleum of Sheikh Jabrail in 1621CE near Ardabil.
 * Ostad Ebrahim Banna Esfahani: Worked at the tomb of Abdussamad Esfahani in Natanz and at the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan.
 * Ustad Muhammad Banna: Built the Robat of Shah Abbas Polur near Lar in 1624CE.
 * Ustad Hoseinali: Built the Imamzadeh Ismail in Isfahan in 1632CE.
 * Muhammad Ali ibn ustad Alibeyk-i banna Isfahani: Built the Masjed-i Hakim mosque in Isfahan in 1661CE.
 * Ustad Qasem Mimar: Built the caravanserai of Damghan in 1680CE.
 * Muhammad Taher Hamadani: Built the Masjed-i soltani in Asad-abad in Hamadan in 1685CE.
 * Ustad Taher valad ustad Reza Isfahani: Built the caravanserai of Sheikh Ali-khan a.k.a. Chaleh siyah-i no in 1686CE in Isfahan.
 * Heydar ibn Hosein banna Isfahani: Built the masjed-i varzaneh mosque of Isfahan in 1687CE.
 * Mehdi Hoseini: Built a dam (band) near the village of Shamanlu over the Zayandeh River in 1689CE.
 * Ustad Isa Shirazi: He and many others were responsible for building the Taj Mahal in Agra in India.

18th century

 * Muhammad Hadi Qazvini: Built the masjed-i muhaddathayn-i sheikh-i kabir mosque in Babol in 1723CE.
 * Ostad baqer Isfahani: Built the Minarat of Kashan's Congregation mosque, 1779CE.
 * Ustad Mirza Shirazi: Built the Al-Nabi Mosque, Qazvin in 1787CE.
 * Ustad Iskandar Shirazi: Built the Masjed Soltani mosque of Borujerd in 1794CE.
 * Karbalaee Muhammad-i banna: Built the Masjed-i Qajar mosque in astar-abad in Hamadan in 1796CE.
 * Ustad Haj Sha'ban-ali: Built the Masjed-i Agha bozorg in Kashan in the late 18th century.

19th century

 * Muhammad Taqi khan Mimar-Bashi: Built the Darolfonoon in 1849CE.
 * Abdallah Khan: court architect to Mohammad Shah Qajar.
 * Haji Abol-hasan Mimar Navai: Built Golestan Palace to its current form in 1865CE.

20th century

 * Dariush Borbor: Bazaar Reza, Mashhad, Museum and Library, Mashhad. Described as "one of the most innovative architects who is perhaps on the way of creating a Persian architectural style of the 20th century". Recipient of the Gold Mercury International Award from Italy, and 50 Outstanding Architects of the World from the Second Belgrade Triennial of World Architecture.
 * Mohandes Hossein Amanat: Built the Azadi Tower in 1971

Contemporary

 * Dariush Borbor
 * Kamran Afshar Naderi
 * Keyvan Khosrovani
 * Hossein Amanat
 * Kamran Diba: Tehran Museum of Contemporary Arts/Niavaran garden and cultural complex
 * Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian: University of Tehran mosques and technical college/Azadi sport complex/Niavaran Palace
 * Abbas Gharib
 * Heydar Ghiai: Iran's Senate House
 * Nasser Golzari
 * Nader Khalili
 * Pouya Khazaeli
 * Mouzhan Majidi
 * Tahmineh Milani
 * Hadi Mirmiran: winner of many 1990s major competitions and the only architect to win a medal of honor in art after the revolution
 * Mohammad Karim Pirnia
 * Mohsen Mostafavi
 * Farshid Moussavi
 * Fariborz Sahba
 * Ali Akbar Saremi
 * Hooshang Seyhoun: Ibn sina monument/Nader shah Monument/Baba Taher Monument
 * Bahram Shirdel
 * Iraj Kalantari Taleghani
 * Nader Tehrani
 * Siavash Teimouri
 * Yaaghoob Rashtchian: prominent architect active in urban rehabilitation and architectural restoration of historic areas and buildings in many iranian cities
 * Moein Jalali: An Iranian architect and a distinguished judge in prestigious international architecture awards and "Continental Architectural Awards" Winner

Outside Iran

 * Ustad' Ali-Akbar Banna Yazdi: designed the first Bahaʼi House of Worship in the world in Ashgabat
 * Mohsen Mostafavi
 * Hariri and Hariri: Gisue Hariri and Mojgan Hariri are two of the most famous Iranian American architects. They are listed in "40 Top architects under 40".
 * Farshid Moussavi
 * Fariborz Sahba: a Baháʼí architect who designed the famous Lotus temple in India
 * Hossein Amanat: works include Azadi Tower and Sharif University
 * Shahram Entekhabi
 * Nader Khalili: founder of CalEarth Institute; featured by the Los Angeles Times and New York Times

title: Architects of Iran


text:
User talk:Jennet

"copyright violation"
As per User page, "...avoid substantially editing another's user page without their permission". You are correct that in general, one should not remove the copyright violation notice. However, there are several reasons to suggest that this was not a good-faith nomination. One, there was only one line of disputed material (this would normally just be removed from an article; the entire article would not have to be deleted and started fresh). Two, the "source" you list does not seem to own the copyright either. Three, you yourself did not follow the directions and list the page for consideration on WP:CP. Four, you have an extensive history of vandalizing User:SPUI's user page, and it looks like you've been vandalizing User:Thryduulf and User:Ugen64 as well. Please don't edit others' user pages. If you are concerned about the copyright status of the line on SPUI's page, I'd be happy to help explore its legality with you. Please let me know if you have any further questions or concerns. Thanks! — Knowledge Seeker দ 01:17, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your response. SPUI ignored my message, or at least he elected not to respond to it. I wish he would have taken that off his user page, or at least responded to my request, but he is within his rights not to do so. User pages are under the control of the user, at least until enough people complain. That doesn't seem likely in this case. — Knowledge Seeker দ 05:47, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

User Pages
Please do not vandalize user pages. This is a serious violation. You have been warned.--Jondel 09:06, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jennet


text: User talk:65.188.253.91

title: User talk:65.188.253.91


text:
FC Rànger's

Ranger's F.C. Andorra is an Andorran football club based in Andorra la Vella. The team currently plays in Segona Divisió.

History
The club was founded in 1981, but they only started playing in Andorran leagues in 1999. FC Rànger's aren't associated with Glasgow Rangers. After two years in the Andorran Second Division, they played for the first time in the Campionat de Lliga in the 2001–02 season. After the promotion, FC Rànger's started a growing career, and after finishing second in 2005, they won the league title the two subsequent years, 2006 and 2007.

Ranger's F.C. Andorra made their first time appearance in European competitions, playing the UEFA Intertoto Cup in the summer of 2005, being eliminated by Sturm Graz by 6–1 in aggregate. The home match ended with a 1–1 draw, scored by Norberto Urbani. After winning the Andorran championship, they qualified for the UEFA Cup, where they were eliminated in the first round by FK Sarajevo. Ranger's F.C. Andorra became the first Andorran team to compete in the UEFA Champions League by qualifying for the 2007–08 season. However, their stay was short-lived as they were eliminated in the first qualifying round after a 5–0 aggregate loss to Sheriff Tiraspol over two rounds played on 17 July and 25 July 2007.

At the end of the 2008–09 season the team was relegated. After two seasons in Segona Divisió the team finished second in the 2010–11 season and was promoted (promotion-ineligible Lusitanos B finished champion). In the 2011–12 season Ranger's F.C. Andorra finished 8th in Primera Divisió being relegated again to Segona Divisió where it has remained since then.

 * Sponsorship:
 * Pizzeria Venècia (2004–2006)
 * Construccions Buiques (2006–2009)
 * Assega Insurance (2022–Present)

Honours

 * Primera Divisió:
 * Winners (2): 2005–06, 2006–07
 * Runners-up (1): 2004–05
 * Copa Constitució:
 * Runners-up (1): 2006
 * Supercopa Andorrana:
 * Winners (1): 2006
 * Runners-up (1): 2007
 * Segona Divisió:
 * Winners (1): 2000–01
 * Runners-up (2): 2010–11, 2023–24

Current squad
As of 29 May 2024.

European records
As of December, 2008.

title: FC Rànger's


text:
File:TheCodeRoom.jpg

Summary
The Code Room logo, taken from The Code Room website

title: File:TheCodeRoom.jpg


text:
Tobacco Dock

Tobacco Dock is a Grade I listed warehouse located at Wapping, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Part of the London Docks in the East End of London, it was designed by Scottish civil engineer and architect John Rennie, the warehouse was completed in 1812 and primarily served as a store for imported tobacco, hence the name. During the early 20th century, economic activity in the area fluctuated due to World War I and World War II, and both London Docks and nearby St Katharine Docks had closed by 1969.

After the London Docklands ceased seaborne trade, the warehouse and surrounding areas fell into dereliction until it was turned into a shopping centre which opened in 1989. However, due to the early 1990s recession, it was forced to close two years later. In 2003 English Heritage placed it on its "at risk" register, preventing many developers from attempting a rejuvenation of the former London Docklands site. For two decades Tobacco Dock stood largely empty; it was used as a barracks for military personnel providing security to the 2012 London Olympics.

In 2012 the company Tobacco Dock Ltd launched the building as an events and conferencing space for up to 10,000 people. It also houses offices and co-working spaces operated by Tobacco Dock Venue Ltd, although the site and building itself are owned by Kuwaiti Real Estate Group Al Mubarakia Ltd.

History and usage
The London Dock Company was initially established in January 1796 by a group of merchants, shippers and bankers and upon the drawing up of plans for The London Docks the company negotiated a 21-year monopoly on the management of vessels carrying rice, tobacco, wine and brandy. This excluded those coming from the East and West Indies, which were managed by the East India Trading Company. The vaults beneath the tobacco warehouses resembled the crypts of a Gothic cathedral, "with chamfered granite columns under finely-executed brick groins, connected with a 20-acre "subterranean city" for the storage of wines and spirits, where they could mature at a stable temperature of 15.5 °C". "There was storage for around 8 million gallons of wine and on 30 June 1849 the Dock contained 14,783 pipes of port; 13,107 hogsheads of sherry; 64 pipes of French wine; 796 pipes of Cap wine; 7607 cases of wine, containing 19,140 dozen; 10,113 hogsheads of brandy; and 3642 pipes of rum."

In Victorian England it was possible to obtain a permit from The London Dock Company to visit the vaults, although women were not admitted after 1pm and wine merchants provided visitors with tasting orders that allowed them to sample the various wines, brandies, spirits and ports that were in storage. Now only four of the original vaults survive. "Later, from the 1860s, the ground floor of the warehouse was predominantly used for wool, furs and skins – hence the name "Skin Floor" – and cork and molasses". In his  Being Notes of Common Life and Pastoral Work in Saint James's, Westminster and in Saint Georges'-in-the-East , the Reverend Harry Jones, Rector of Saint Georges'-in-the-East (Smith Elder & Co, London 1875) noted that an army of about 300 cats were "employed" to control the number of rats in the Dock. "The Docks abound with rats, and an army of about three hundred cats is employed to keep them down. Besides these you find dogs. Some little time ago I came on a famous one with her litter of puppies, close by the 'bowl' of our Queen's Pipe. Her owner volunteered a record of some of her performances in the rat-killing way, and fondly enumerated the number she had slain. But, like a true Englishman, he had his grievance. I learned that the Company does not pay for or provide the keep of the dogs, while it seems to be at the expense of extensive orders for cat's meat. I should have thought dogs would have needed food, while cats could have kept themselves."

The former street side entrance to The London Docks was from Ratcliffe Highway which is now known simply as The Highway; due to it being a Roman road it was well suited for its usage as a trading centre for the port. Although it was rather notorious for prostitution and other nefarious activities as many of the sailors coming in from their long voyages were single men looking for drink and a woman, with plenty of cash to spare and the taverns and brothels along its length provided for their every need. In 1600 John Stow described it as "a continual street, or filthy straight passage, with alleys of small tenements or cottages builded, inhabited by sailors and victualers". One such shop along Ratcliffe Highway was German-born wild animal trader Charles Jamrach's "Jamrach's Animal Emporium", which also served as a museum.

Jamrach also owned a menagerie in Betts Street and a warehouse in Old Gravel Lane, Southwark; he was a leading importer, breeder and exporter of animals, selling to noblemen, zoos, menageries and circus owners, and buying from ships docking in London and nearby ports, with agents in other major British ports, including Liverpool, Southampton and Plymouth, and also in continental Europe. In 1857 a wild Bengal tiger escaped from its box as it was waiting to be loaded into its new den and carried off a young boy of around nine years of age who tried to stroke it. Upon his command, one of Jamrach's men brought a crowbar and struck the tiger three times until it released the boy. However, it was only stunned and jumped up again once Jamrach pried the boy from its jaws; so, after a final blow Jamrach and his men managed to return the tiger to its den largely unharmed. Hospital reports showed that the boy was unharmed yet Jamrach offered his father, a tailor, £50 in compensation "for the alarm he had sustained". Despite this he sued Jamrach for damages which ended up costing £300: £60 for the father and £240 for the lawyers. Jamrach eventually sold the tiger to Mr. Edmonds of Wombell's menagerie for £300, who made a fortune by exhibiting it as the tiger that swallowed a child.

At the north entrance of Tobacco Dock there now stands a 7 ft bronze sculpture of a boy standing in front of a tiger to commemorate the incident..

Site and plan
The name Tobacco Dock comes from its original use as a warehouse built to store tobacco and other valuable imports from the New World. It made up part of The London Docks for which plans were first proposed in 1800 when the London Dock Act was passed authorising the building of a wet dock in Wapping, the initial cost of the docks was £4 million. While the majority of the wet dock was built on drainage fields, many houses as well as the former site of the Raine's Foundation School were demolished to make way for warehouses, offices and quays, one of such warehouses is now Tobacco Dock. This resulted in many people being made homeless due to a compulsory purchase order being made for the land by the London Dock Company. Part of the St. John's Churchyard was also used in the creation of the docks, resulting in a need to rebury some of the dead. In Harper's New Monthly Magazine it was written that The London Docks were made up of more than 100 acres with space for more than 500 ships, and warehouses capable of holding 234,000 tons of goods, with the capital of the company alone exceeding £4 million.

Style
Although the homes built for dock staff on the Pier Head are a classic example of late Georgian architecture, most specifically of the Regency era, the dock itself deterred would be thieves with its prison-like design.

Features
One of the most notable features of Tobacco Dock that can be seen from the outside are the high walls surrounding the whole structure, costing £65,000. They are a result of the strict storage and import laws relating to tobacco and liquor, which were (and still are) subjected to excise duty; hence, it was required that they be kept in bonded warehouses with strict security measures. Another reason for the virtually impenetrable walls was defence; piracy was rampant in the 19th century and professional bandits such as The River Pirates, the Night Plunderers, the Scuffle-Hunters and the Mud Larks patrolled the waters and ports in search of a victim. Due to massive congestion on the river there was often around 1,800 boats moored in a space meant for 500.

This thievery may have influenced the decision to hire Daniel Asher Alexander - who was the principal architect of both Dartmoor Prison and Maidstone Prison - to design The London Dock, as well as act as the principle surveyor.

"The Great Tobacco Warehouse" was also known as the Queen's Warehouse; hence, the furnace at its centre earned the moniker of "The Queen's Tobacco Pipe" as it was used to burn defective tobacco and other unusable goods as well as those which had not had their duty paid. John Timbs' Curiosities of London (1867) records: "Near the north-east corner of the Queen's Warehouse, a guide-post, inscribed 'To the Kiln', directs you to 'the Queen's Pipe', or chimney of the furnace; on the door of the latter and of the room are painted the crown-royal and VR. In this kiln are burnt all such goods as do not fetch the amount of their duties and the Customs' charges: tea, having once set the chimney of the kiln on fire, is rarely burnt; and the wine and spirits are emptied into the Docks. The huge mass of fire in the furnace is fed night and day with condemned goods: on one occasion, 900 Austrian mutton-hams were burnt; on another, 45,000 pairs of French gloves; and silks and satins, tobacco and cigars, are here consumed in vast quantities: the ashes being sold by the ton as manure, for killing insects, and to soap-boilers and chemical manufacturers. Nails and other pieces of iron, sifted from the ashes, are prized for their toughness in making gun-barrels; gold and silver, the remains of plate, watches, and jewellery thrown into the furnace, are also found in the ashes."

Redevelopment
In 1990 the structure was converted into a shopping centre at a cost of £47 million; it was the intention of the developers to create the "Covent Garden of the East End", however the scheme was unsuccessful and it went into administration. This is likely due, in part, to the fact that Tobacco Dock is not in a major retail area and has only moderately good public transport access. The designer was Arup and the contractor was Harry Neal Ltd.

From the mid-1990s the building was almost entirely unoccupied, with the only tenant being a sandwich shop, and a plan to convert it into a factory outlet did not come to fruition. In 2003, English Heritage placed Tobacco Dock on the Buildings at Risk Register to prevent inappropriate development and decay due to neglect, although at this time it was already a listed building. A meeting was arranged in 2004 to discuss the building with its owners, the Kuwaiti investment company Messila House, to ensure the survival of the historic structure. An English Heritage spokesman commented: "we see Tobacco Dock as a future priority because it is too large and important a site to be left standing empty. It is one of the most important buildings in London and if brought back into use it would reinvigorate the whole area". In 2005 the owners announced that they were working on a mixed-use scheme for Tobacco Dock which could incorporate a four-star hotel, shops, and luxury apartments. As of July 2012, the upper areas of the complex were still accessible to the general public whilst the majority of the lower areas were cordoned off.

Event and film location
In 1980 the upper floor of Tobacco Dock was used as the filming location for the music video "Messages" by the band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark. In early 2004, part of the building was used as the studios of the Channel 4 reality television show Shattered. Several film première after-parties have also been held there. Tobacco Dock was used for scenes in the sixth episode of the 2008 BBC drama Ashes to Ashes, set in 1981 despite the centre only being developed for its failed use as a shopping centre in 1990. In February 2011 the complex was used to hold a Secret Cinema event for The Red Shoes.

In the summer of 2012 the Ministry of Defence used Tobacco Dock as temporary accommodation for 2,500 soldiers deployed to guard the Olympic Games in London.

Current use
Tobacco Dock is regularly used for large corporate and commercial events and is a smoke free venue, including its attached car park.

 * In November 2013 and 2014 it was used to host RuneFest 3 and 4 respectively, an event celebrating RuneScape, an online role-playing video game.
 * From 2013 it was the venue of the annual live-fire food event Meatopia where chefs from around the world cook for over 10,000 people over a weekend.
 * Since 2014, the British Academy Games Awards were held every spring as part of EGX Rezzed.

title: Tobacco Dock


text:
Talk:Mathematical Tripos

Part 3
No (explicit) mention of the distinctive Part 111...

 * True. This was mostly about the ancient history, for which I have a reliable scholarly source. I did Part III myself, but the memories aren't all good (John Conway's exam paper contained a technical term not defined in his course ...). Charles Matthews 09:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I once sat in on Denis Sciama's Part 3 lectures on GR - a foolish mistake for a mere post-grad physicist. The lectures used to conclude with questions and comments; most of them were from some guy at the back in a wheel-chair, who was a little hard to follow... 'Yes, yes Stephen' Sciama would enthuse ' that's an excellent point...'

=Tripos= This is a pretty short article. Why isn't it merged with Tripos? Rklawton 04:33, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

It's not too short; I think it deserves its separate existence, due to its fairly distinctive history and reputation within the field (i.e. this article can analyse the course's particular influence within mathematics, rather than just as another exam within the Cambridge system).

Furthermore, I am currently considering writing a longer section on the current Mathematics Tripos to put the development in context - this should bulk things out somewhat. If there's anything you would like to see included, let me know! Aquilina 14:38, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Considering that there is a very substantial book devoted to the Mathematical Tripos alone, this doesn't really need an answer. Charles Matthews 21:08, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

I know they're physicists, but...
Oddly, this official history of Physics at Cam gives details about the Maths Tripos that I've never heard before. I prob won't have time to work on this article for a while, so be my guest... JackyR 20:39, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

"taught"?
The wording in the introduction strikes this American's ear as very odd: "the taught mathematics course at the University of Cambridge." Taught as an adjective? I assume that is a British usage, but it is very off-putting on this side of the pond.

I'm curious: Is the phrase equivalent to "...the mathematics course taught at ..." or is it equivalent to just "...the mathematics course at...." or does it have some technical meaning that differentiates it from other types of mathematics courses? If the latter, is it important to make that distinction in the very first sentence, or might it be delayed without creating a misunderstanding? - DavidWBrooks 17:47, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * In the Oxbridge university model, one often differentiates between "taught courses", such as those leading in Cambridge to the BA, MEng, and MSci degrees, and "research courses", such as those leading to a PhD degree or, more rarely, to the MLitt, MSc, or, in the case of Natural Sciences, a few MPhil degrees. The difference between the two classes of degrees is that the awarding of the former requires attending a certain number of university lectures and passing a series of associated final written exams, whereas the latter traditionally requires only the submission and acceptance by the university of a research thesis that is examined orally. For the PhD degree in particular, the submitted thesis, in addition to reviewing the existing literature, must also document, in an scholarly manner, sound original research that represents a substantial novel contribution to existing knowledge in the field to which the thesis topic is related. Results arising from a PhD thesis are also expected to be passible of publication in peer-reviewed journals and/or as books/book chapters. (Note: Cambridge PhD students in a few departments, e.g. engineering, are also required nowadays  to take classes and written exams in their first year, but that normally doesn't count for credit towards their final degree, except to help ensuring their continuation in the program when they're up for formal performance review).

 * Generally speaking, "taught degrees" in the Oxbridge model are initial (bachelor's or undergraduate master's) degrees, whereas "research degrees" are advanced (graduate master's or doctoral) degrees. Several graduate master's degrees however, e.g. most Cambridge MPhil degrees in humanities and social sciences, are now actually, in the British terminology, "part-taught, part-research degrees", requiring that the student attend lectures, take final written exams and submit a short dissertation which may be orally examined or not depending on the course. The MPhil dissertation is supposed to be shorter and of a lower standard in terms of originality and relevance compared to a PhD thesis. (Note: in the US, terms are inverted, i.e. "dissertation" is used to refer to PhD work and "thesis" for master's work).

 * The Mathematics Tripos in particular is typically a "taught course" in the sense described in the first paragraph, leading to the undergraduate BA for students who pass the written examinations for Parts I and II respectively, and to the graduate Certificate of Advanced Studies in Mathematics for students who take and pass Part III examinations. 161.24.19.82 20:06, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Update: Since October 2010, Part III Mathematics leads to a Master of Mathematics (MMath) degree for those who take it as the fourth year of an undergraduate course, or a Master of Advanced Study (MASt) degree for those who come to Cambridge from outside to take it. These degrees can also be awarded retrospectively to those who have taken Part III Mathematics since 1962. 86.13.158.235 (talk) 17:43, 30 March 2011 (UTC) 86.13.158.235 (talk) 17:44, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

More Thorough Tripos Outline
Arguably, there's no point in making a more thorough Tripos Outline - but, for the benefit of a more complex and comprehensive Wikipedia article, I've added some mention of the specifics of the Part IA Tripos material.

This wikipedia article should motivate the creation of the following articles :

1) An article discussing the Mathematics Tripos Exam.

2) An article discussing some of the courses within the different parts of the Tripos.

3) An article outlining what the courses cover.

and, most importantly :

4) An article outlining the CATAM project, what it is, what students produce, and why it is soooooo much fun.

 * I agree that those things should be included, but they should be included all in this article rather than spinning off dozens of sub-articles; an article specifically on (say) one of the courses would quite rightly end up getting deleted as not notable. Keep it to this article.  -- simxp (talk) 22:00, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

 * As it is the section on specific structure of the Tripos is not at all notable enough for Wikipedia. This is information that should remain in the student course guide, not on an international encyclopedia. Anyone else think this section should be deleted? Imagine if every university had its own article for every course it ran, it would be ridiculous. CATAM is a homework assignment. It does not warrant any mention. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.232.255.4 (talk) 18:00, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

 * CATAM is perhaps more significant than we give it credit – according to its creator, Robert D. Harding, it's one of the first computer-based courses in Britain. --jftsang 09:14, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

Moved to 'Mathematical Tripos'
I have moved this page from 'Cambridge Mathematical Tripos' to 'Mathematical Tripos', because as far as I am aware, there is no other course by this name outside of Cambridge. --jftsang 08:58, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Mathematical Tripos. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080920182929/http://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/undergrad/documentation/triposguide/text.pdf to http://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/undergrad/documentation/triposguide/text.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060203004015/http://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/CASM/ to http://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/CASM/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060505232038/http://www.archim.org.uk/eureka/51/warren.html to http://www.archim.org.uk/eureka/51/warren.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:15, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

A comment on british Old Tripos nostalgia: As a mathematician educated outside the UK I have always found it hard to understand, why the british - just like the Wikipedia article - are so impressed by the "Old Tripos" in Cambridge. Surely it must have been a hard test to pass and The Senior Wrangler had to be smart. But what about this paradox: in the heyday of the Old Tripos british pure mathematics was not in the forefront at all and lagged far behind France and Germany. The Wikipedia article has not much to say about that. In the reference list is mentioned an article by A. R. Forsyth: "Old Tripos Days at Cambridge". That is fine but I think it should be read together with Leonard Roth: "Old Cambridge Days". Both articles appear in vol. 1 of: Douglas M. Campbell and John C. Higgins: Mathematics - People, Problems, Results (Wadsworth 1984, ISBN 0-534-02879-9 ) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Laluha (talk • contribs) 13:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC) Laluha (talk) 13:46, 29 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mathematical Tripos


text:
Code Unknown

Code Unknown (Code inconnu : Récit incomplet de divers voyages) is a 2000 film directed by Michael Haneke. Most of the story occurs in Paris, France, where the fates of several characters intersect and connect.

Code Unknown is composed of unedited long takes filmed in real time, cut only when the perspective within a scene changes from one character's to another's in the middle of the action. A special edition of the film was released on Blu-ray in 2015 by The Criterion Collection. The film is inspired by the life of the French novelist and war reporter Olivier Weber.

Code Unknown is a co-production among France, Germany and Romania.

Plot
The film is composed of individual stories where the lives of the characters intersect in misunderstandings and difficulties.

A group of deaf children are playing a game of charades in sign language. A young girl begins to act out gestures of fear as she slowly walks backwards with hunched shoulders and a side stance until she reaches a wall where she cannot escape and attempts to protect herself in a hunched position. The other children are not able to guess what is taking place.

Anne (Juliette Binoche) is walking down a Parisian street and runs into Jean who is looking for his brother Georges (Thierry Neuvic), Anne’s boyfriend. Anne tells Jean that Georges is in Kosovo. Jean tells Anne that he’s left his father’s farm and asks to stay at Anne’s apartment.

Jean leaves with the keys but throws the remnants of his pastry at Maria, a Romanian homeless woman sitting on the ground. Amadou observes this and confronts Jean, telling Jean that he must apologize to the homeless woman. An altercation ensues, police arrive, and the police arrest Amadou, release Jean, and escort Maria to the airport for deportation.

At home, Amadou’s mother (Hélène Diarra) discusses her distress with the police ransacking their home and unjustly arresting her son. After Amadou’s release, he goes on a date, but at the same restaurant Anne enters and tells her friends that Amadou is the man who attacked Jean without cause. Amadou is later seen participating in a group drumming performance as an instructor.

Anne rehearses for different films. She effectively acts out scenes of terror and humor that blur the space between reality and fiction. At home, while ironing her clothes, she hears her neighbors and a young girl crying loudly in what sounds like physical beatings. When her boyfriend Georges arrives back from Kosovo, he is distraught by civilian life. In the grocery store, Anne shares the story of the screaming child in the apartment but Georges appears apathetic. He spends his days photographing people on the train and thinking about his imprisonment in the war. Anne is later seen attending the funeral of “petite Françoise,” the girl who she heard screaming in the apartment. Anne does not confront the parents. There is ambiguity as to whether this girl was the deaf girl who acted out the gestures of fear in the game of charades.

Anne and Georges visit his father (Josef Bierbichler) in the farm town. His father who lives in poverty says that his younger son Jean has disappeared, but he does not intend to search for him.

In Romania, Maria has reconnected with family who are living in a run-down apartment. She shares a story of how she gave a gypsy woman some money but was worried that she may have caught a disease from her so she immediately washed her hands; but in Paris when Maria was homeless, a well-dressed man was about to hand her some money, but threw it at her after seeing how dirty her hands were. Maria eventually returns to Paris and continues to seek places to beg for money.

The film ends with an untranslated sign language gesture from a different child.

Cast

 * Juliette Binoche - Anne Laurent
 * Thierry Neuvic - Georges
 * Josef Bierbichler - The Farmer (as Sepp Bierbichler)
 * Alexandre Hamidi - Jean
 * Maimouna Hélène Diarra - Aminate
 * Ona Lu Yenke - Amadou
 * Didier Flamand - The Director
 * Djibril Kouyaté - The Father
 * Marc Duret - The Policeman
 * Luminița Gheorghiu - Maria
 * Crenguta Hariton - Irina (as Crenguta Hariton Stoica)
 * Aïssa Maïga - Black Girl with Blonde Hair

Reception
Code Unknown holds a 74/100 on Metacritic, based on 13 critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports 75% approval among 51 critics, with an average score of 7/10. The site's consensus reads: "Though challengingly cryptic at times, Code Unknown still manages to resonate."

Accolades
Code Unknown screened in competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. Cinematographer Jürges was nominated for the "Golden Frog" at the Camerimage awards.

The film received votes from two critics and four directors, including Ruben Östlund, in the 2012 Sight & Sound polls of the world's greatest films.

title: Code Unknown


text:
The Killer in Me

"The Killer in Me" is the 13th episode of the seventh and final season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on February 4, 2003 on UPN.

Plot
Giles prepares to take all of the Potentials – except Kennedy, who is sick with the flu – on a trip to the desert to meet the First Slayer. Buffy goes to check on Spike, who is determined to remain chained in the basement until they know the First Evil is through with him. Suddenly, Spike begins to writhe in pain as his chip begins firing randomly without provocation. As Buffy and Spike talk about the potential causes of the chip's glitches, Buffy realizes that she will have to contact the people who implanted the chip in the first place: the Initiative.

After failing to reach Riley Finn on the phone, Buffy and Spike go to the Initiative's abandoned base to look for the painkilling drugs that were used on Spike during his captivity there three years before, when the chip was implanted, and for documentation on the chip. Buffy and Spike wander through the remains of the Initiative, finding many dead soldiers and demons. Inside the Initiative's base, Buffy and Spike are attacked by a demon. During the fray, Buffy is wounded by the demon and when Spike tries to help, his chip fires and renders him ineffectual. As the demon grabs Spike and tries to drag him away, Buffy battles with and finally kills the demon. As she crouches down by Spike to see if he is okay, lights turn on, revealing a group of soldiers. Their leader explains that Riley received Buffy's message, and they are there to help Spike. An examination confirms that Spike's chip is killing him, and Buffy must decide whether to repair the chip or remove it.

When Willow goes upstairs to bring Kennedy some tea, she finds that Kennedy is not actually sick, and is instead dressed for a "mission" which she says requires Willow's assistance, involving drinks at The Bronze where they get to know each other. After leaving the bar and returning home, Kennedy gives Willow an end-of-date kiss, with a surprising effect: Willow takes on the appearance of Warren Mears. Panicking, Willow rushes downstairs; on seeing her, the others recoil, partly because they know that the First has appeared to Andrew as Warren. Buffy hits "Warren", showing that "he" cannot be the First, who is incorporeal. When Willow threatens to tell some embarrassing old stories about Xander, the gang provisionally accept her claim.

As Willow and Kennedy attempt to break the spell, Robson, a Watcher, calls Buffy's house from England and reports that Giles may have been killed by a Bringer who had attacked him in London several weeks before. The Scoobies become alarmed when none of them can remember seeing Giles touch or carry anything since his return; no one has hugged him, and he is not driving the car to the desert. Xander, Anya, Dawn, and Andrew all go to the desert to find Giles and, in the case of danger, stop him from hurting the Potentials. Giles is tackled to the ground by the others, who are all pleased to find that he has a solid form and thus is not the First – or dead.

Willow and Kennedy meet with the Wiccan group at the UC Sunnydale, which now includes Amy. Willow runs away as she realizes she is starting to behave like Warren. Kennedy tries to follow, but Willow puts up a magical barrier to keep her away. After the meeting, Kennedy returns to the lecture hall to find Amy packing up as the rest of the group has left. Amy comments on Kennedy's concern for Willow, and draws Kennedy's suspicion when she mentions that Kennedy is a Potential, a fact that neither Kennedy or Willow had mentioned. Willow, increasingly dominated by the Warren persona, goes to buy a gun of the same model that killed Tara and wounded Buffy.

Kennedy confronts Amy, accusing her of causing the "Warren" problem. Amy reveals that she put a hex on Willow, whose effect is determined by the victim's subconscious. She did it because Willow murdered a man and remained beloved – crowning Amy's envy of Willow's relatively easy successes in magic. Amy then teleports Kennedy to the backyard of Buffy's house, where Willow starts to reenact Warren's attack on Buffy that resulted in Tara's death, but Kennedy talks her down. Willow tearfully explains that when Kennedy kissed her she let go of Tara's memory for a moment, making her truly dead. Then Kennedy kisses Willow again, breaking the spell and restoring Willow to normal.

Writing
Each scene with Willow/Warren was filmed twice - once with Alyson Hannigan playing Willow and again with Adam Busch as Warren. Which actor performed the scene first depended upon how "Willow" Warren was supposed to be. That is, when Willow first changes into Warren she acts more or less like Willow; in these early scenes Hannigan would act first so that Busch could somewhat mimic her performance. In later scenes when Warren's personality is more prominent Busch would act first. Because of this decision to use both actors, filming the Willow scenes took much longer than usual. In an interview with the BBC, Elizabeth Anne Allen says, "everything had to be so exact." She explains that if Alyson or Adam "gestured or moved their head differently from the other person, they had to do the take over again. So that one scene took us a day and a half to shoot."

Anthony Stewart Head was not allowed to touch anything while onscreen for several episodes prior to this one, in order to set up the suspicion that Giles might actually be the First. According to the DVD commentary for this episode, this was apparently quite a pain for all involved. When asked why he set up this misdirection, Joss Whedon says it was "to make people wonder. Just to have a little fun in the sense of pulling a mystery... an exercise, something to spice things up." Whedon wanted to play off the "creepy" idea that "we don't know where the bad guy is, we don't know where he's coming from. Our trusted mentor could be the bad guy."

In the DVD commentary, director David Solomon notes that Iyari Limon had to do a lot of kissing in this episode. He says she joked that her lips hurt after having to do long kisses with both Alyson Hannigan and Adam Busch.

Cultural references

 * When Kennedy is teleported into Buffy's backyard she says to herself, "that was a hell of a thing," a reference to Galaxy Quest, mimicking Tony Shalhoub's understated attitude to being teleported for the first time.
 * When Buffy and Spike are discussing a solution to Spike's chip's malfunctions, Spike says "Who you gonna call?" making a knowing reference to Ghostbusters.

Arc significance

 * What Willow says when she first enters Buffy's backyard with the gun is similar to, though not exactly what Warren says before he shoots Buffy in "Seeing Red". Willow says, "You think you could just do that to me? That I'd let you get away with it?" while Warren says, "You think you could just do that to me? You think I'd let you get away with that?"
 * The largely unseen vision quest is implied to be the same as Buffy underwent in "Intervention."
 * In this episode the issue of Willow grieving for Tara is directly addressed. It also helps progress the Kennedy/Willow relationship by featuring their first kiss.
 * This episode marks the final appearance of The Initiative, and the removal of Spike's chip.
 * This is the last episode where Tara is mentioned, however she is mentioned again in the comics.
 * This episode marks the eighth and final appearance of Elizabeth Anne Allen as Amy.
 * Later, in Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight's "The Long Way Home, Part 4", it is revealed that Amy and Warren (who had survived through Amy) concocted this revenge plan together.

Continuity issue

 * In the penultimate episode of Season 4, "Primeval," the government overseers rule that the former Initiative base would be filled with cement to hide evidence of its existence, but in this episode Buffy and Spike find they had not done so.

Critical reception
Vox, ranking it at #110 of all 144 episodes on their "Worst to Best" list, writes, "Many of season seven’s most significant missteps involve one of two things: trying to find atonement for Willow in the wake of her dark choices at the end of season six, and her new girlfriend, Kennedy, who’s not a terribly interesting character. Here’s an episode where those two things collide, when Kennedy and Willow kiss — and Willow transforms into Warren, the man who killed her last girlfriend. There’s something interesting here about living with guilt from past relationships, but it could have used another draft."

title: The Killer in Me


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matthew strawbridge

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy, it looks like. humblefool®Deletion Reform 01:13, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Matthew strawbridge
Non-notable. Vanity page. KeithD 08:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Waitematā railway station

Waitematā railway station, formerly known as Britomart Transport Centre, is the public transport hub in the central business district of Auckland and the northern terminus of the North Island Main Trunk railway line. It combines a railway station in a former Edwardian post office, extended with expansive modernist architectural elements, with a bus interchange. It is at the foot of Queen Street, the main commercial thoroughfare of the CBD, with the main ferry terminal just across Quay Street.

The station was the result of many design iterations, some of them being substantially larger and including an underground bus terminal and a large underground car park. Political concerns and cost implications meant that those concepts did not proceed. At the time of its inception in the early 2000s the station was still Auckland's largest transport project ever, built to move rail access closer to the city's CBD and help boost Auckland's low usage of public transport. It is one of the few underground railway stations in the world designed for use by diesel trains, although their use is now prohibited. Diesel trains from Hamilton and Wellington terminate at The Strand station.

A tunnel to the Western Line is under construction as part of the City Rail Link project. In March 2023, following a joint submission to the New Zealand Geographic Board by Auckland Transport and Auckland Council, the station was officially re-named to Waitematā railway station.

Earlier uses
The station is on reclaimed land in the middle of what was once Commercial Bay. Its original name came from Point Britomart, a former headland at Commercial Bay's eastern end. In the 1870s and 1880s the headland was levelled and used to fill in Commercial Bay in order to extend the railway line to the bottom of Queen Street.

Auckland Railway Station moved west from its original 1873 site to Britomart in 1885 and remained there after the Post Office was built on the Queen Street frontage in 1912. The Chief Post Office was designed by architect John Campbell in an Edwardian baroque style, using Oamaru stone on a base of Coromandel granite. In 1930 the station was relocated 1.2 km east to Beach Road and the former station site became a bus terminal in 1937 and a car park in 1958.

Many proposals were made to locate the station back in the CBD, most notably in 1973 and 1987, with the 1970s proposal of the Mayor of Auckland, Dove-Myer Robinson, envisaging an underground station at Britomart and a tunnel loop, but that was stopped by the Muldoon National Government, which claimed it was unjustified and too costly. In 1995, Auckland City Council purchased the old Post Office building (PostBank offices closed in 1988, though some postal services remained open beyond that year) and proposed to redevelop the area as a transit centre.

Early designs called for both the bus terminal and the railway to be underground, but these plans were scrapped as consultation showed that buses were preferred above ground by both users and operators, and projected costs soared, partly due to the difficulties with potential water ingress. The developer eventually defaulted on contractual deadlines, and the project failed.

In 1998, a cheaper option was decided on, partly after a consultation process with stakeholders and citizens. The architectural design was chosen via a competition. It used part of Queen Elizabeth II Square and surrounding streets as a bus interchange, with the existing dilapidated bus terminal redeveloped to incorporate both bus services and a pedestrianised area, also known as a Transit Oriented Development (TOD). When nearby Quay Street was realigned in the late 1990s, a tunnel was built (completed in 2000) to provide the underground railway link. Bus services using the old bus terminal were diverted to other locations in June 2001.

The project name, with the station intended to facilitate transfers between buses, trains, ferries and potential future light rail, was officially coined the Waitemata Waterfront Interchange. The station itself later opened as Britomart Transport Centre.

Construction
Designed by California architect Mario Madayag in collaboration with local Auckland architects Jasmax, construction of Britomart commenced in October 2001, with structural design having been provided by OPUS. It involved 14 km of piling, some being 40 m long and driven 16 m into the underlying bedrock, mainly to provide good earthquake protection, and to futureproof the area for potential later construction of buildings on top of the station. 200,000 cubic metres were excavated for the station, and 40,000 cubic metres of concrete poured. Approximately 2 km of new rail track was built, of which half was in a cut and cover tunnel. The station has a site area of 5.2 ha and includes 236 m² retail area.

The station opened to passengers on 7 July 2003, with the official opening on 25 July 2003 by Sir Edmund Hillary and government ministers. Services to the Beach Road terminus ceased, except for some peak-time commuter services and excursion trains using the former Platform 4 (originally Platform 7), renamed 'The Strand'. The commuter services ceased after a few months.

Cost over-runs and differing tastes made the centre politically controversial, the design often being described as a large hole in the ground, both literally and figuratively. Despite this and a NZ$204 million price tag, it has won numerous design awards and is internationally recognised for its innovative but heritage-sympathetic architecture. The main source of contention was the relatively great expense of this public transport development in the Auckland Region, where for many decades the focus had been on private vehicle ownership and travel.

Pedestrian underpasses
Initial plans included underground pedestrian walkways to Queen Elizabeth II Square, the nearby downtown ferry terminal and the main shopping street of Queen St. Due to cost over-runs only the short walkway under Queen Street to the square was built, the other two being dropped in favour of a sizeable rain-proof canopy that ran from the square's above-ground exit northward toward the ferry terminal and southward toward the Queen Street-Customs Street intersection.

The underground walkway was closed to pedestrians from 29 March 2016 in order to facilitate preliminary works for the City Rail Link. In April and May 2016, the canopy was dismantled and removed from the site, and on 28 May 2016 the Downtown Shopping Centre was closed and fenced off for demolition.

Further works
A major commercial building was built over the eastern approach tunnel in the late 2000s, at the eastern edge of the plaza behind the station.

City Rail Link works
On 17 January 2017, the Britomart station building was closed and access between it and platforms was blocked off. A new, temporary Britomart station building was opened at the rear of the building, with new stairways and the retention of elevator and escalator access to the platforms. This building was in use for three years. The former building is refurbished and strengthened in preparation for tunnelling under it for City Rail Link services.

To enable the digging of the trench works required for the CRL, the Downtown Shopping Centre was closed on 28 May 2016 and by 23 November had been demolished. It has been replaced with 'Commercial Bay' named after Commercial Bay which was below the modern day site. Commercial Bay consists of the Commercial Bay (PwC tower) skyscraper and the Commercial Bay Shopping Centre. Auckland Council and proprietors Precinct Properties struck a deal to include tunnels for the City Rail Link directly underneath the premises.

In late 2020, the former Queen Elizabeth II Square adjacent to the Old Post Office building was reopened as Te Komititanga, a new civic square that incorporates whāriki (woven mat) patterns, developed in partnership with Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki weaver Tessa Harris, who developed the patterns in collaboration with weavers from Te Ākitai Waiohua, Ngāi Tai ki Tamaki, Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.

On 6 April 2021 at 1pm the surface building (also known as the Central Post Office) was reopened. The opening was attended by Phil Goff and members of the public. The surface building was ceremonially opened by a ribbon cutting.

In June 2022, the number of serviceable platforms was reduced to enable the two outermost platforms (1 and 5) to be connected to the tunnels for the CRL and become through platforms. As a result of this, Onehunga line services were shortened to terminate at Newmarket instead of Britomart. Auckland Transport claimed that removing Onehunga line services from Britomart would be the least disruptive option. The Public Transport Users Association criticised the move and alleged that 60% of Onehunga line passengers wanted to travel to Britomart. Former Auckland councillor Mike Lee also criticised the change and claimed that rail staff had told him that the change was unnecessary as only one platform would be closed at a time, which still left four platforms for four lines to be operated out of Britomart. Lee explained that one platform was being used to accommodate a spare AM class EMU (the "hot spare") for service disruptions, he believed that this spare unit could be held further up the line at The Strand Station which would free up a platform for Onehunga line services to continue to operate out of Britomart.

In the future, the number of platforms will be permanently reduced from 5 to 4, with Platform 2 permanently closing. Once the CRL is operational, additional works and upgrades to Waitematā station will widen the remaining 4 platforms to accommodate larger passenger volumes in conjunction with improving station access from the eastern entrance.

Capacity and rail connections
The station is designed to serve up to 10,500 passengers during the peak hour as a terminus.

The station has five platforms and is constrained by the 9.3 m width of the 426 m long double-track access tunnel. Early forecasts predicted that while double-tracking of the surrounding rail network would improve peak time train congestion, the capacity of the corridor would not be reached until about 2020. Growth in train patronage and increased services resulted in the tunnel being at maximum capacity from 2011, almost 10 years earlier than predicted. Because of the capacity restrictions, a proposed Hamilton-Auckland commuter train service would have gone to The Strand Station some 1.5 km to the east.

Increased services
In its early days, Britomart was criticised because it was built on a scale and level of grandeur that was well in excess of the capacity and patronage of the rail network. Auckland Regional Council transport committee chairwoman Catherine Harland acknowledged that "Britomart opened ahead of its time", raising public expectations that could not be fulfilled at the time due to the state of the rail network.

Patronage on Auckland's rail network increased from 2.5 million journeys in 2003 to just over 14.2 million in July 2015, and by April 2017 had reached 19 million journeys.

Electrification
It was announced on 17 May 2007 that electrification of Auckland's rail network would proceed. Installation of overhead wires began later, with Auckland Transport (initially ARTA) purchasing new electric units to replace the diesel trains. The project was expected to be completed in 2013.

Britomart was officially electrified on 31 March 2014, with New Zealand's Prime Minister, John Key, flipping the switch in a commemorative ceremony. The first electric passenger services began running four weeks later, between Britomart and Onehunga on the Onehunga Line on 28 April 2014.

From July 2015, all suburban trains serving Britomart were operated by AM Class EMUs, leaving the thrice-weekly Northern Explorer as the only diesel service using the station. By December 2015, the station required a $600,000 upgrade to its diesel extraction fans and Auckland Transport requested that KiwiRail, the operator of the Northern Explorer, fund the upgrade if they wished to continue serving the station. KiwiRail decided that the cost was not justifiable and from 21 December 2015 they ceased serving Britomart and relocated their Auckland terminus to The Strand Station, in the east of the CBD.

City Rail Link

Plans for a tunnel southward underneath the CBD to Mt Eden and even to Morningside were debated for nearly a century. With Britomart in operation since 2003, the tunnel would allow trains to run through the station rather than having to reverse out over the same set of tracks.

On 5 March 2008, ARTA said that it had begun preliminary planning for a 3.5 km tunnel which would most likely be travelling under Albert Street and serving three underground stations: one near Wellesley Street (linking to Aotea Square), one in the Karangahape Road / Pitt Street area, and one near Upper Symonds Street in Newton. At the southern end, the line would link to a redeveloped station at Mt Eden.

Original estimates for the cost of the CRL were at around $1 billion, taking 5–7 years to plan and build. In August 2014 it was announced that the station at Newton had been dropped in favour of an upgraded station at Mt Eden. In 2015, enabling works for CRL construction began. Main works began in 2018.

Following completion of the CRL, some trains will no longer terminate at Britomart. Platforms 5 and 1 will be the through platforms, while platforms 2–4 will remain terminating platforms.

Eastern tunnel capacity
A proposed alternative to the City Rail Link (CRL) to increase capacity was the duplication of the existing eastern Britomart approach tunnel. This would have required a new twin track tunnel approximately 500 metres long to be constructed parallel to the existing twin-track tunnel, resulting in four tracks from Quay Park Junction and retaining Britomart as a terminus. Estimated costs were $150 million to $200 million, with 4–5 years to plan and build. Such a project would have allowed the same capacity increase as the CRL at approximately one sixth to one fifth the cost, but without any of the additional benefits that the two new CRL underground stations or the more direct route to the Western Line will provide.

Initially seen as an inferior, but cheaper and more politically acceptable alternative to the CRL tunnel, the duplicate eastern approach also gained favour as a stop gap implementation due to the comparatively short build time. Even if planning had commenced immediately, the CRL might not have become operational until several years after the maximum capacity of the existing corridor was reached. Moreover, while seen as an alternative to the CRL through connection tunnel, the duplicate eastern tunnel would not have precluded it from being built.

A feature that came into operation in 2011 in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup and allowed an increase in capacity of the existing tunnel is 'bi-directional signalling', which allows a train to leave on the same track on which it entered – freeing it from having to cross over other tracks which may not be safely clear of other trains. In 2019, funding was agreed to restore a five-year commuter train trial between Papakura and Hamilton, with a one-seat journey to Britomart being the eventual aim.

Trains
Auckland One Rail operates the Auckland suburban rail network on behalf of Auckland Transport. This includes the electrified lines west to Swanson and south to Manukau and Papakura.

In July 2015, it was reported that the number of trains able to enter and leave Britomart was 20 per hour. On a typical weekday inter-peak, nine trains leave Britomart per hour, comprising:
 * 3 trains per hour to Manukau via Glen Innes and Ōtāhuhu (Eastern Line)
 * 3 trains per hour to Papakura via Newmarket and Ōtāhuhu (Southern Line)
 * 3 trains per hour to Swanson via Newmarket, New Lynn and Henderson (Western Line)

Buses and ferries
Britomart is a major interchange between trains, buses and ferries. It is the terminus for many bus routes, including the Northern Express NX1 route along the Northern Busway to and from Albany and the Hibiscus Coast. The frequent CityLink bus service passes nearby on Queen and Customs Streets and the InnerLink bus services stop at Britomart.

Other buses depart from stops on surrounding streets, some of which are up to a block away from the station. Until early 2016, buses arrived at and departed from Queen Street in front of the station building, but that portion of Queen Street is now permanently closed to vehicular traffic and is now a public plaza after an initial temporary closure for CRL tunneling works.

Across Quay Street from the station is the Auckland Ferry Terminal, which is the main hub for Auckland's ferry system. There are ferry services to suburbs including Devonport, Birkenhead and Half Moon Bay, as well as to islands in the Hauraki Gulf such as Waiheke Island and Rangitoto Island.

Heritage registration
The Chief Post Office was registered as a Category I heritage building by Heritage New Zealand on 11 July 1986, with registration number 101.

Awards
Awards that the station has received:

 * 2004 Property Council of New Zealand – Merit Award, Special Purposes Category
 * 2004 American Institute of Architecture – Architectural Record / Business Week International Winner
 * 2004 New Zealand Institute of Architects – Resene Award, Community and Cultural
 * 2004 New Zealand Institute of Architects – Resene Award, Heritage and Conservation
 * 2004 Illuminating Engineering Society of Australia and New Zealand – Lighting Award
 * 2004 New Zealand Concrete Society – Concrete Award
 * 2005 New Zealand Institute of Architects – Resene New Zealand Award for Architecture, Community & Cultural
 * 2007 Kenneth F. Brown Asia Pacific Culture and Architecture Design Award – Honorable mention

title: Waitematā railway station