text:
Oxford University Labour Club

Oxford University Labour Club (OULC), currently known as the Oxford Labour Club (OLC), was founded in 1919 to promote democratic socialism and is today the home of the Labour Party and of social democracy at Oxford University. OULC is the largest and oldest university Labour club in the country and has a particular reputation as an active campaigning force.

The club caters for any students who are interested in the ideals of the labour movement whether members of the Labour Party or entirely new to politics. Stewart Wood, special adviser to consecutive Labour Party leaders Gordon Brown and Ed Miliband, said that 'OULC is held up as an exemplar of what needs to be done.' During his visit to Oxford in July 2009 the Prime Minister Gordon Brown was reported as having praised OULC's 'brilliant contribution to progressive politics in the University, the city and the country.' The club was instrumental in returning Andrew Smith to Parliament for Oxford East at the 2010 General Election with a 4.1% swing to Labour, the largest in England outside London.

Throughout the year it hosts a range of speaker, social, discussion, and campaigning events, as well as producing a termly magazine called Look Left. Signature events include the annual Barbara Castle Memorial Lecture and John Smith Memorial Dinner.

In 2016, some officers of the Oxford University Labour Club resigned citing allegations of antisemitism in the club. This resulted in the national Labour Party officially investigating the club for antisemitism, resulting in a report concluding that the true extent of the problem was hard to verify.

David Lewis and the early 1930s
When David Lewis came to Oxford, the Labour Club was a tame organisation adhering to Christian activism, or the not-quite-so-scrappy-socialist theories of people such as R. H. Tawney and his book The Acquisitive Society. David's modified Jewish Labour Bundist interpretation of Marxism, that Cameron Smith labels "Parliamentary Marxism," ignited the renewed interest in the club after the disappointment with Ramsay MacDonald's second Labour government. In 1932 the Labour Club and the October Club (Oxford University's communist society) jointly organised a reception for a contingent of hunger marchers passing through Oxford.

The Oxford newspaper The Isis noted Lewis' leadership ability at this early stage in his career in their 7 February 1934 issue: "The energy of these University Socialists is almost unbelievable. If the Socialist movement as a whole is anything like as active as they are, then a socialist victory at the next election is inevitable."

In February 1934, British fascist William Joyce, (Lord Haw Haw), visited Oxford. Lewis and future Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leader Ted Jolliffe, organised a noisy protest against the fascist, by simply planting Labour Club members in the dance hall that Joyce was speaking in, and causing a commotion, as groups of two and three left making much noise on the creaking wooden floors. The speech was foiled. Afterwards, the Blackshirts contingent had a street battle in Oxford with members of the Labour Club and the townsfolk.

Lewis prevented the communists from really making inroads at Oxford during his time there. He increased the Labour Club's membership by three-quarters, from 484 members in December 1932 to over 850 members by the time he left, while the October Club never rose above 300 members. Ted Jolliffe stated "there was a difference between his speeches at the [Oxford] Union and his speeches at the Labour Club. His speeches at the Union had more humour in them; the atmosphere was entirely different. But his speeches at the Labour Club were deadly serious.... His influence at the Labour Club, more than anyone else's, I think, explains the failure of the Communists to make headway there." In 1935, the Soviet controlled Comintern's Seventh Congress, called for a united left response to fascism, called the popular front. The communist October Club used this call, for a popular front, as a pretext to have a union between themselves and the Labour Club. Under Lewis' leadership, the club was able to easily defeat a motion by the October Club, as only 20 OULC members voted for the union.

When Lewis returned to Canada in the summer of 1935, there really wasn't anyone to replace him, to keep the communists at bay as The Isis noted: "The Labour may have rejected fusion [with the October Club] but the matter is not yet settled. An interesting thing is the dearth of what are technically known as 'promising people' in the ranks of the Labour Club. For years the Labour Club has been turning out a Geoffrey Wilson, a Frank Hardie, a John Cripps, a David Lewis, each year: but this [coming] year there seems to be no figures as outstanding as these."

Communist merger
Since there was not a strong Labour leader to take over from Lewis after he graduated and left in the summer of 1935, the Labour Club amended its constitution to remove impediments to fusion with the communist October Club in December 1935. Shortly thereafter the two clubs joined together forming a "popular front". The club's membership peaked before the war at between 1000 and 1200 members depending on whose numbers were used, which was approximately a fifth of all of Oxford's 5023 students. Of the club's total membership, the Communists made up approximately less than 200 members.

Antisemitism inquiry
The national Labour Party appointed Janet Royall, to head an inquiry into allegations of antisemitism within the Club made in February 2016. The then-current Co-Chair and another officer resigned from the Club, alleging they were disturbed by the discrimination and antisemitism they alleged was inherent in the Club. The report - which was not published in full but was leaked to the media in August 2016 - concluded that antisemitic incidents had occurred and some Jewish members felt uncomfortable attending the Club, but that the extent of the problem was hard to verify.

Constitution and organisation
OULC is run by an elected Executive Committee, as established under the OULC Constitution. The Constitution can be changed by a two-thirds majority at any OULC General Meeting, Termly General Meeting (TGM), or Extraordinary General Meeting; at which its members can also pass policy in the form of motions (such as submissions to the Labour Party's Policy Review), hear reports from the executive and elect (at the TGM) the new Executive.

Under the most recent version of the OULC Constitution (as of Trinity Term 2022), the head of the Executive is the two Co-Chairs. One Co-Chair position must at all times be held by someone who "self-identifies partly or wholly as a woman or transfeminine", and three other positions on the Executive at every TGM, must be reserved for those who self-identify as belonging to a marginalised gender. The positions so reserved rotate around the Executive. If no one who self-identifies as a marginalised gender stands for such a position, the incoming Co-Chairs must produce a report to be made public, detailing what they will do to enhance the position of those who so self-identify within the Club. This also applies if the only two people standing for Co-Chair are men.

At the General Meeting in Trinity Term 2016, the Club also re-established its long-forgotten alumni network. Upon receiving permission from Lord Attlee, the grandson of Clement Attlee, the former Labour Prime Minister, the alumni network was named The Attlee Association, in the former Prime Minister's honour.

Events
OULC has hosted a range of speakers from the Labour movement, including a number of high-profile politicians. In Trinity term 2009, OULC hosted the then current Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, David Miliband. He commented "I recently met with the OULC members and was impressed. [They] can help Labour be at the cutting edge."

OULC holds regular informal meetings to discuss policy. This provides its members with an opportunity to engage in serious political debate. An October 2008 review of party political events by the Cherwell commented that OULC is 'an active political party as opposed to a social gathering. Their meetings are informal, and last year they were visited by a number of prominent left wing politicians.'

OULC also runs campaigns. The club plays a role in the efforts to keep Oxford East Labour and contributed significantly to the election effort in July 2009 where Labour gained four seats on the county council, the most successful Labour result in the county. In its report on the election victory, the Cherwell cited the club's then co-chair, Jacob Turner, as saying that he felt the result was a consequence of "a very great effort from the local party including Labour Club members. We've been going out, meeting people, and asking them not to vote for us, but just how our councillors can help them. We've built up a relationship with residents which is ultimately expressed in voting." In the run up to the 2010 General Election the club regularly turned out 20 campaigners every Sunday. This made a huge contribution to Oxford East's position of having the highest voter contact rate of anywhere in the country (more than Wales, Scotland and the North-East put together). In 2012, the club was instrumental in Labour winning its first Student Ward in the city in over two decades. When possible the club sends members to other towns to campaign, including Reading, Slough, Southampton and even Edinburgh. In 2022, OULC travelled to Birmingham to campaign in the successful defence of Birmingham Erdington.

OULC holds a number of social events including a fresher's dinner in Michaelmas Term and a barbecue or picnic in Trinity term. OULC also hosts an annual dinner, the John Smith Memorial Dinner, in the fifth week of Hilary term. The dinner commemorates the contribution and life of John Smith, the former Labour party leader, who died suddenly in 1994. Recent speakers at this event have included Neil Kinnock, Andrew Adonis and Margaret Beckett.

Labour Students
OULC used to be affiliated with Labour Students, and former OULC members have held a number of positions there. In February 2011, OULC disaffiliated from Labour Students for a one-year period as a protest over the way the organisation was run. In February 2012, OULC voted by 20 to 4 to rejoin Labour Students citing the progress made by the leadership of the organisation in improving accountability and democracy. However, in 2019, the club voted unanimously to disaffiliate with the co-chairs Owen Winter and Rosie Sourbut citing incompetence by Labour Students’ national committee and the expulsion of all but one Northern Labour Club. Shortly afterwards Labour's National Executive Committee voted to disaffiliate Labour Students altogether.

Following the recreation of Labour Students in 2022, OULC narrowly voted to support a motion in favour of engaging in their upcoming internal elections by endorsing candidates. Two members of OULC stood for the 2022 Labour Students executive, including one candidate for chair.

Other
OULC also has links with other socialist organisations, trade unions, and Labour Party groups, including the Oxford District, Reading and Slough Labour Parties.

Oxford University Student Union
Since the establishment of the Oxford University Student Union (OUSU) in the early 1970s, OULC has maintained a presence. There have been many Labour presidents, starting with John Grogan in the early 1980s, and OULC candidates have in recent years been successful in the 1999 (Anneliese Dodds), 2000 (Kirsty McNeill), 2004 (Emma Norris), 2005 (Alan Strickland) and 2006 (Martin McCluskey) elections. Whilst the Club no longer runs official candidates, OUSU's executive committee and delegate body has also had a Labour presence. In 2019, former co-chair Anisha Faruk was elected president of Oxford SU, and her fellow co-chair Ray Williams was elected VP for Access and Academic Affairs.

National Union of Students
Stephen Twigg was National President of the National Union of Students and an OULC member in the early 1990s.

Local government
Six current or former members of OULC currently sit on Oxford City Council, and one is a County Councillor in Oxfordshire. As of the 2016 Oxford City Council Elections, Dan Iley-Wiliamson, OULC Membership and Alumni Officer at the time, was elected as a councillor for the Holywell ward, serving most city centre University colleges. In 2021, Michael O'Connor, a graduate student and OULC member, was elected County Councillor for Holywell Ward.

A number of former OULC co-chairs stood for council seats in 2022, including David Parton and Eleanor Ormsby, both for Westminster City Council.

Parliament
At the 2005 General Election, five recent former OULC members stood for election as Labour candidates. In the 2019 election, Rosie Sourbut, who had been the co-chair earlier that year, ran as the Labour candidate in Oxford West and Abingdon.

In parliament former OULC members currently include Angela and Maria Eagle, Ed Miliband, Rachel Reeves, Ellie Reeves, Anneliese Dodds, Bridget Phillipson, Keir Mather, and Alistair Strathern. While no longer in parliament, John Grogan, David Miliband and Ed Balls were OULC members at Oxford (Balls was also a member of the Oxford University Conservative Association) and before Britain left the European Union, OULC alumni Richard Corbett and Mary Honeyball were both members of the European Parliament.

Former members of the executive committee
• Rushanara Ali, MP and associate director of the Young Foundation

• Tony Benn, former MP, former cabinet minister

• Barbara Castle, former MP, former cabinet minister and former leader of the Labour MEPs

• Richard Corbett, MEP, Leader of the Labour MEPs (EPLP)

• Richard Crossman, former MP, former cabinet minister, diarist

• Tony Crosland, former MP, former cabinet minister

• Anneliese Dodds, MP, former Shadow Chancellor

• Michael Foot, former MP and former Leader of the Labour Party

• Christopher Hitchens, author, journalist and socialist thinker

• Anthony Howard, journalist

• Billy Hughes, former MP and principal of Ruskin College

• Chris Huhne, MP and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change

• Roy Jenkins, former MP, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, President of the European Commission, co-founder of Social Democratic Party

• Oliver Kamm, writer and journalist

• David Lewis, former Leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada

• Peter Mandelson, former MP, former cabinet minister, former EU commissioner, spin doctor

• David Marquand, former MP, academic, President of the society in 1957

• David Miliband, MP, former cabinet minister

• Ed Miliband, MP, former cabinet minister and former Labour party leader

• Austin Mitchell, MP

• Iris Murdoch, writer

• Rupert Murdoch, media tycoon

• Bridget Phillipson, MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Education

• Sir Julian Priestley, former Secretary General of the European Parliament

• Bill Rodgers, MP, former cabinet minister

• Andrew Smith, MP, former cabinet minister

• Howard K. Smith, American TV news journalist and anchor

• Shirley Williams, MP, former cabinet minister, first female President of OULC in 1950

• Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party

Key
• All-Souls College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg All Souls

• Balliol College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Balliol

• Brasenose College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Brasenose

• Christ Church Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Christ Church

• Corpus-Christi College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Corpus Christi

• Exeter College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Exeter

• Green-Templeton College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Green Templeton

• Harris-Manchester College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Harris Manchester

• Hertford College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Hertford

• Jesus College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Jesus

• Keble College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Keble

• Kellogg College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Kellogg

• Lady-Margaret-Hall Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Lady Margaret Hall

• Linacre College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Linacre

• Lincoln College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Lincoln

• Magdalen College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Magdalen

• Mansfield College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Mansfield

• Merton College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Merton

• New College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg New College

• Nuffield College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Nuffield

• Oriel College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Oriel

• Pembroke College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Pembroke

• Queens College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Queen's

• Regent's Park College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Regent's Park

• Somerville College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Somerville

• St-Anne's College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Anne's

• St-Antony's College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Antony's

• St-Catherines College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Catherine's

• St-Cross College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Cross

• St-Edmund-Hall College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Edmund Hall

• St-Hilda's College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Hilda's

• St-Hughs College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Hugh's

• St-John's College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St John's

• St-Peters College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg St Peter's

• Trinity College, Oxford.svg Trinity

• University College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg University

• Wadham College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Wadham

• Wolfson College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Wolfson

• Worcester College Oxford Coat Of Arms.svg Worcester

title: Oxford University Labour Club


text:
User talk:Anttin

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Manual of Style
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:55, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Anttin


text: Category:Sports venues in Brazil

title: Category:Sports venues in Brazil


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hit the Green Thing

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:07, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Hit the Green Thing
Does this really belong on Wikipedia? JGorton 14:55, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Nope. Delete. Non-notable game. Sounds like fun, though. android  79  15:20, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete apparent vanity CDC   (talk)  16:30, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I see your vanity and raise you an unverifiable and an original research. And a factual inaccuracy, since I've played a different team sport that allowed grappling.  It was another vanity game, Braveheart Wrestling, that my high school wrestling team played.  Object of the game was to get the other team across the goal line.The Literate Engineer 17:01, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sounds fun, but it's hardly encyclopaedic. If every sport invented by and played by a handful of college kids is worth an article, I should add Kozaktiball to Wikipedia. As for grappling in a field sport, it says it's partly based on rugby, both forms of which involve just that. Grutness...  wha?  11:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn student game. JamesBurns 08:11, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete If this becomes a world class sport sometime in the future the article could be reinstated... Tonywalton 15:29, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Basavilbaso

Basavilbaso is a town in the center region of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, about 60 km from Concepción del Uruguay. It has about 9,700 inhabitants as per the. Locals often shorten the name to Basso.

The town developed around the Gobernador Basavilbaso Station of the Ferrocarril Central Entrerriano railway company, which became part of Entre Ríos Railway in 1892. The first train arrived on 30 June 1887, and this is now regarded as the foundation date of Basavilbaso.

The town was first settled by Russian Jewish immigrants basically from Ukraine (Kherson Oblast) and Bessarabia. Basavilbaso was one of the first Jewish colonies in Argentina. These settlers formed the first agricultural cooperative in South America. As "Jewish gauchos", they were recognized as the first to farm in an area where farming was non-existent. Other groups began to settle in the town: Italians, Volga Germans, and Russians.

title: Basavilbaso


text:
File talk:Peacekeeper-missile-testing.jpg

Untitled
On this picture, are these actually atom bombs, or just fake ones? --Abdull 14:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure where the caption came from, but it implies they were just testing the re-entry vehicle. I suspect very few tests like this are done with live weapons. -- Solipsist 15:12, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The US has only tested one nuclear tipped missile with live bomb, and it was an IRBM, not an ICBM. Cool photo tho :) Rsynnott 23:20, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

It is such a beautiful photo, I must say. User:Banes| Ban ]] e s  11:06, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a stunning image of one of the most evil things I have ever seen. The fact that such a thing exists (regardless of who created it or why) sends chills down my spine. Thank you for sharing.

exposure time?
How long does it take to move from the beginnung of the trace to the inpact? Are there videos of such a reentry?
 * To be honest, I don't know. But from looking at it, you can see that the lines come out from the clouds, then stay clear for quite a while, but then drops behind clouds in the distance. This to me indicates that the re-entry vehicles are "sliding" across the atmosphere and not dropping straight down, which again means that the lines are really really long. My point is, it must be shot with a long time exposure, with the horizon (and waves) cropped in afterwards ... Or do these vehicles actually produce such long lines ? - In any case, it's a really paradoxal picture, with beauty representing destruction. And the fact that it's very blue, makes it fit in perfectly with KDE -- KennethJ 23:41, 6th December 2005 (UTC)

The RVs enter on about a 20-degree trajectory. It is a night exposure, but it is real. There is no cropping or compositing. The light is ambient. The RVs do fly through clouds. The entry itself is around 10 seconds, but the exposure is longer than that. If you refer to the Peacekeeper page, I talk about the plasma that causes the trail. Cancellier 19:26, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * ? There's no mention of plasma trails on that page. And the waves are not blurred at all, so if it's not a composite then it can only be a second or two exposure. Lukas 82.45.216.215 23:33, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The RVs are still travelling at several *thousand* miles an hour as they approach the ground. The plasma (and the light) is produced by the tremendous heat from moving through air that fast. The exposure must have actually been quite short - very little blurring of clouds and waves. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.137.212.91 (talk) 16:20, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Um, confidential?
I thought these kind of things were supposed to be kept secret. I guess i was wrong.
 * With stuff like this, most countries that develop it want to show it off. There's no point in keeping the existence of nuclear weapon technology a secret if the primary purpose of the technology is intimidation.  Obviously, you wouldn't want to release anything that gave the opposition hints on how to duplicate your technology, but as Kubrick wrote: "Yes, but the... whole point of the doomsday machine... is lost... if you keep it a secret! Why didn't you tell the world, eh?"24.167.71.40 14:47, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * There isn't anything secret in the photograph. Every country knows the point of an MIRV is to deliver payloads to multiple targets, and this image just shows that the US has a working MIRV saumaun (talk) 01:54, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Source link
The source link was broken when I tried it. Does anybody have another source? I'd like to confirm this is a real photograph, not an 'artist's impression'. - Crosbiesmith 17:11, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm, not much we can do if the link from Army's web site doesn't work anymore, but this Google image search turns up a number of other places (including some that aren't Wikipedia mirrors) where you might find it.  howcheng  {chat} 17:22, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It is a real photograph, it is not an artist's impression. You can find similar photographs all over the web of MIRV testing. --24.147.86.187 02:09, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Distance between impacts?
Does somebody know what the relative distance is between the impact points on the ground? --sys2074 13:10, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

Twenty times? or Twenty-five times?
I believe there is an inconsistency with two different captions of this image on two separate pages. The first page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_fire_exercise#Other_types the caption says the explosion power is twenty-five times that of a Little Boy But then, on the LGM-118 Peacekeeper page the caption says only twenty times the power. Does anyone know for sure. I would guess it would be only twenty times.

According to the Peacekeeper page: The Peacekeeper was a MIRVed missile; the MX could carry up to 10 re-entry vehicles, each armed with a 300-kiloton W87 warhead/MK-21 RVs (twenty times the power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima during World War II).

According to the Little Boy page: Approximately 600 milligrams of mass were converted into energy. It exploded with a destructive power equivalent to between 13 and 18 kilotons of TNT.

Any details?
Have further details been discovered, such as name, date and program of the test or if there was any payload on those projectiles (subsequently detonated), etc.? 91.11.212.195 (talk) 17:58, 8 April 2009 (UTC)


text:
Scope statement

In project management, scope statements can take many forms depending on the type of project being implemented and the nature of the organization. The scope statement details the project deliverables and describes the major objectives. The objectives should include measurable success criteria for the project.

Overview
A scope statement should be written before the statement of work and it should capture, in very broad terms, the product of the project (e.g., "developing a software-based system to capture and track orders for software"). A scope statement should also include the list of users using the product, as well as the features in the resulting product.

Contents
As a baseline scope statements should contain:

 * The project charter
 * The project owner, sponsors, and stakeholders
 * The problem statement
 * The project goals and objectives
 * The project requirements
 * The project deliverables
 * The project non-goals (what is out of scope)
 * Milestones
 * Cost estimates

In more project oriented organizations the scope statement could also contain these and other sections:

 * Project scope management plan
 * Approved change requests
 * Project assumptions and risks
 * Project acceptance criteria

The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines the project scope statement to include

 * the description of the project scope,
 * major deliverables,
 * assumptions, and
 * constraints.

and is part of the project scope baseline.

title: Scope statement


text:
CD8

CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). Along with the TCR, the CD8 co-receptor plays a role in T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell-antigen interactions.

Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule, but is specific for the MHC class I protein.

There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene. In humans, both genes are located on chromosome 2 in position 2p12.

Tissue distribution
The CD8 co-receptor is predominantly expressed on the surface of cytotoxic T cells, but can also be found on natural killer cells, cortical thymocytes, and dendritic cells. The CD8 molecule is a marker for cytotoxic T cell population. It is expressed in T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and hypo-pigmented mycosis fungoides.

Structure
To function, CD8 forms a dimer, consisting of a pair of CD8 chains. The most common form of CD8 is composed of a CD8-α and CD8-β chain, both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily with an immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like extracellular domain connected to the membrane by a thin stalk, and an intracellular tail. Less-common homodimers of the CD8-α chain are also expressed on some cells. The molecular weight of each CD8 chain is about 34 kDa. The structure of a small deglycosylated fragment of the extracellular portion of the CD8 molecule was determined by Leahy, D.J., Axel, R., and Hendrickson, W.A. by X-ray diffraction at a 2.6A resolution. The structure was determined to have immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich folding and 114 amino acid residues. 2% of the protein is wound into α-helices and 46% into β-sheets, with the remaining 52% of the molecules remaining in the loop portions.

Function
The extracellular IgV-like domain of CD8-α interacts with the α3 portion of the Class I MHC molecule. This affinity keeps the T cell receptor of the cytotoxic T cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen-specific activation. Cytotoxic T cells with CD8 surface protein are called CD8+ T cells. The main recognition site is a flexible loop at the α3 domain of an MHC molecule. This was discovered by doing mutational analyses. The flexible α3 domain is located between residues 223 and 229 in the genome. In addition to aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions the CD8 co-receptor also plays a role in T cell signaling. The cytoplasmic tails of the CD8 co-receptor interact with Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase). Once the T cell receptor binds its specific antigen Lck phosphorylates the cytoplasmic CD3 and ζ-chains of the TCR complex which initiates a cascade of phosphorylation eventually leading to activation of transcription factors like NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1 which affect the expression of certain genes.

title: CD8


text:
User talk:Joenick78

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:56, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joenick78


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hypothetical celestial bodies

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 00:07, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Hypothetical celestial bodies
No content and no real potential for content either - I am an astronomer and I can't think of anything that would go in this article. Worldtraveller 14:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mentioning every "hypothetical" object of any type is unlikely to provide anything coherent.  It'd be better to have individual pages for any theorized celestial bodies.  --Several Times 15:07, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. See above. JGorton 15:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the individual articles are 'better'. -Splash 17:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No information content.  ManoaChild 21:52, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete might work as a category but not an article. -- Etacar11   23:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Pavel Vozenilek 16:49, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Podesta

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:56, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Podesta


text:
File:Hellraiser.jpg

Cover of Motorhe4ad's CD single Hellraiser. Alf 14:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: File:Hellraiser.jpg


text:
Talk:Ramakien

Untitled
I think we should write Phra Ram instead of Phra RAM, Ram's his name, not Random Access Memory. --Wapz 14:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I've noticed inconsistencies in the Romanization of the character ทศกัณฐ์, spelled variously as Totsakan and Tosagan. According to the Royal Thai General System of Transcription, it would actually be spelled Thotsakan, so I propose changing all variations in the article to this transcription. Showeropera (talk) 07:32, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

Move to Ramakian
This article should be moved to Ramakian. Ramakian is how it would be romanized according to RTGS (correct me if I'm wrong). Not to mention, many other Thai demonyms and given names romanize the diphthong seen here as "ia" rather than "ie." --Dara (talk) 02:22, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

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Ramakein
Does ramakein belongs to Hindu scriptures or Buddhist scripture? 202.3.73.3 (talk) 11:24, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ramakien


text:
Siberian jay

The Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) is a small jay with a widespread distribution within the coniferous forests in North Eurasia. It has grey-brown plumage with a darker brown crown and a paler throat. It is rusty-red in a panel near the wing-bend, on the undertail coverts and on the sides of the tail. The sexes are similar. Although its habitat is being fragmented, it is a common bird with a very wide range so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

Taxonomy and systematics
The Siberian jay was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Corvus infaustus. Linnaeus specified the location as "Europae alpinis sylvis" but the type location was restricted to Sweden by Ernst Hartert in 1903. The specific epithet infaustus is Latin meaning "unlucky" or "unfortunate" as Siberian jays were formerly considered a bad omen. The Siberian jay is now placed together with the Canada jay and the Sichuan jay in the genus Perisoreus that was introduced in 1831 by Charles Lucien Bonaparte.

Five subspecies are recognised:
 * P. i. infaustus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Scandinavia to west Siberia (includes ruthenus)
 * P. i. rogosowi Sushkin & Stegmann, 1929 – northeast European Russia to northcentral Siberia (includes ostjakorum)
 * P. i. opicus Bangs, 1913 – east Kazakhstan, northwest China and south central Siberia
 * P. i. sibericus (Boddaert, 1783) – central Siberia and north Mongolia (includes yakutensis and tkachenkoi)
 * P. i. maritimus Buturlin, 1915 – southeast Siberia and northeast China

The Siberian jay differs from the other two species in its group-living behaviours. Unlike the other two species, where group individuals unrelated to breeding parents may help provision the young, the group individuals accompanying a breeding pair of Siberian jays do not help raise the offspring. The lack of extra-parental care within the groups may be due to historic selection against cooperative breeding in the Siberian jay; probably as an anti-predator strategy to avoid predator attention.

With the colonisation of coniferous forests in Scandinavia just after the last ice age, the Siberian jay probably expanded its range from east to west in response to the newly formed suitable habitat resulting from climatic warming.

Description
The Siberian jay is the smallest of the western Palearctic corvids, weighing 75 to 90 g and measuring about 30 cm in length. The adult plumage is greyish brown, with a dark brown head, paler forehead and buff breast. The rump is yellowish and the chin and throat are grey. There is also rufous streaking on the outer feathers, and the bill and legs are black. Their overall colouration is fairly inconspicuous to visually conceal them from predators within their forest habitat. The plumage is also very soft and downy for insulation against extreme cold in winter. There is one moult per year, which lasts from mid-June to mid-September. The longest recorded lifetime is 13 years 4 months for a bird ringed in Finland, although the average lifespan has been reported as 7.1 years.

Siberian jays appear to be specially adapted to navigate in flight through dense forest despite being rather cumbersome flyers across open terrain. This may explain their vulnerability to predation by raptors outside forests.

Voice
The Siberian jay is mostly silent but can utter a loud screech resembling that of a buzzard (Buteo spp.). The song, which is performed by both sexes, mainly during the breeding season and heard only from a short distance, comprises a wide repertoire of sounds. These range from sequences of separate soft and harsh notes to bouts of whistling, creaking and trilling, sometimes incorporating mimicked song of other birds. Siberian jays also engage in nepotistic alarming calling, which may serve to warn conspecifics of an approaching predator. Warning calls have been shown experimentally to decrease reaction time in response in an approaching predator and improve survival within non-breeding individuals. However, females seem more able than males to differentiate between kin and non-kin. Alongside direct warning to family group members, nepotistic alarm calling by a breeding female may also function to divert predator attention away from her offspring.

Distribution and habitat
The Siberian jay is resident in the northern boreal spruce, pine, cedar and larch forests stretching from Scandinavia to northern Russia and Siberia. The species has an extensive range estimated at 19300000 km2 and is native to Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China. It is vagrant in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. Despite being largely sedentary, some southward movement may occur in winter by individuals in the east part of the range.

This jay prefers dense, mature forest habitat with closed canopy within lowlands and foothills. Spruce forest is the preferred foraging and nesting habitat because the denser foliage of spruce than other local conifers better conceals the bird from the watchful eyes of predators. Indeed, high breeding success has been linked to high foliage density, since eggs and nestlings are better hidden from view and so less likely to attract predators. Additionally, the benefit of increased predator evasion through more hiding space would probably outweigh the cost of making predators more difficult to see by the jays within the dense foliage. The Siberian jay is notably selective in its choice of territory, with a typical territory comprising old dense spruce swamp with ample vegetation cover. Territories also tend to be structurally diverse, comprising variably aged scrub, groves and flood meadows; so that active territories may be regarded as an indicator of high ecological diversity within the forest.

Behaviour and ecology
The species has a complex and unusual social structure. Siberian jays live in small flocks of 2–7 individuals, with the dominant breeding pair at the centre of the group; alongside retained multigenerational offspring and unrelated immigrants. Within a group, there is a dominance hierarchy; whereby males are dominant over females and breeders are dominant over non-breeders; with some male non-breeders being dominant over female breeders. Flock composition varies, with some comprising only family members, families associated with nonrelated immigrants, and others containing only nonrelated individuals. Immigrated unrelated individuals can be tolerated within the territory outside nesting areas.

Siberian jays are aggressive to non-related intruders on their territory. Two different aggressive responses from territory holders within feeding grounds have been observed: (1) the intruder is approached and forced away, (2) or is chased in flight; although the latter behaviour is more costly to the aggressor. Although breeders are considerably more aggressive toward immigrants than retained offspring, aggressive responses appear to be modified by social dominance within groups. For example, females have been found to receive significantly more aggression than males because males show more resistance on account of their higher social ranking, therefore resulting in a higher energy cost on the part of the aggressor. Siberian jays also appear to recognise their own young through associative learning as opposed to genetic cues, as shown by experiments in which Siberian jays did not differentiate between own and fostered offspring.

Breeding
Siberian Jays are strictly monogamous, with an established pair staying together and holding the same territory for life. Mate guarding in both sexes has been observed, whereby males and females become increasingly aggressive toward same-sex conspecifics. This may prevent extra-pair mating opportunities for the partner and thereby preserve inclusive fitness for both pair members. The size of the territory is 1 to 4 km2, which is slightly enlarged in autumn and winter. Although territories are firmly established, the jays can move to a neighbouring site if this is a better quality habitat where breeding success will be higher. Widowed individuals have been observed to establish new pair bonds.

The nest is situated in a pine or spruce tree 4-6 m above ground within dense foliage for optimal concealment from nest predators. The nest comprises a loose cup of dry twigs broken off trees by the jays and is thickly lined with beard lichen moss, down feathers, cobwebs, reindeer fur and wasp nest fragments; which serves as necessary insulation against the extreme winter cold. Nest material is hoarded in winter long before building takes place. Nest building proper begins in late March and lasts for about three weeks. Both partners collect nest material; but only the female builds the nest.

The eggs are pale green, blue or grey and spotted with grey and brown. The average size is 31.6 x. They are laid 31 March – 22 April, with a variable clutch size of 1–5 and an incubation period of about 19 days. The eggs are incubated entirely by the female, whilst the male provides all the food for the brooding female and the chicks. The Siberian jay is single brooded and does not relay in a breeding season even after nest failure, but will wait until next year. A new nest is also built for every breeding attempt. Newly hatched young are almost bare and are closely covered by the female. Juveniles look similar to adults, but have paler heads.

A high proportion of the diet of the young comprises insect larvae, which is collected by the male and stored in his oesophagus until he returns to the nest to regurgitate it to feed to the young. In the first week of brooding, the male provides the female and young with all their food, and the female takes an increasing share of the work thereafter.

The young fledge in mid-May to early June and leave the nest around this time, 18–24 days after the first chick has hatched;  although they usually hide within tree branches on the territory until they are able to properly fly. Parents continue to feed the young for about three weeks after fledging, with all of them remaining in a family group throughout summer, autumn and winter. Most mature young disperse from the natal territory in their first summer 4–8 weeks after fledging to join new groups which are usually situated more than four territories away from the natal one. These early dispersers are generally subordinates which have been out-competed and displaced by one or a few socially dominant offspring that are retained. If offspring have not yet dispersed by the time they are eight weeks old, they usually remain in the natal territory at least through the first winter. The retained, socially dominant offspring remaining on the natal territory may wait for up to five years before dispersing, whenever a suitable breeding opportunity arises. Retained offspring can also claim their natal territory, but this happens only in the rare event that both parents disappear from the territory within a relatively short time. Offspring may inherit the new territory to which they disperse and at which they breed. However, if there are no vacant territories to occupy, juveniles can join a different family group to gain feeding advantages and may even attempt to establish their own territory at the age of 2–3 years.

Retention of some offspring in the natal territory after fledging is probably best explained by the nepotism (favoritism granted by individuals to related individuals of the same species) which parents show towards them. Parents provide retained offspring with reliable access to resources and antipredator protection, thereby imparting to them a survival advantage (in turn with an inclusive fitness advantage to the parents). Although delayed dispersal of offspring may be explained by “queueing” for available high-quality territories for the offspring to occupy, the influence of nepotism has been shown experimentally. In removal experiments in which a father alpha male in a group was replaced with a new male unrelated to the offspring, the offspring were more likely to disperse prematurely; probably because the new male did not impart the same nepotistic advantages to the now unrelated young. Although retained offspring may incur an initial cost of postponing breeding, this may be offset by enhanced breeding success later in life as a result of resource advantages gained from nepotistic parents; and late dispersers have been found to have higher lifetime reproductive success than early dispersers.

At least one offspring usually remains with the parents after successful reproduction and regularly accompanies the pair for at least a year before dispersing; although some retained offspring may delay their dispersal for up to five years. These are the dominant offspring which out-compete and expel their subordinate siblings. The dispersed subordinate individuals (which disperse in their first summer) settle as non-breeding immigrants in other existing flocks and tend to disperse much further than their dominant siblings, which more often move straight into a breeding position in a new territory. Unusually for a gregarious corvid species, members in a group of Siberian jays do not help the parents raise younger siblings in future cohorts (i.e., there is no cooperative breeding) and so offspring retention is not explained by cooperative breeding. Groups also stay together outside the breeding season, which is another unusual phenomenon.

Feeding
The Siberian Jay is omnivorous, feeding mainly on berries, seeds, insects and spiders. Flocks will also feed on large carcasses killed by mammalian predators such as wolves and wolverines. Other occasional food items include eggs of small birds, tit nestlings, snails, slugs, small mammals and lizards. In autumn and winter, berries (especially bilberries and cowberries) are typically collected and stored behind loose bark or in hanging beard lichen and between forked twigs. Siberian jays distribute many different hidden food caches over a large area and are therefore known as scatter hoarders. However, unlike in other corvids, this hidden food stash is not purposefully shared with siblings to increase inclusive fitness but is consumed by the hoarder or a pilferer for selfish use. These food caches are critical to this species' winter survival since foraging time is greatly restricted by the few hours of daylight. To securely store food, Siberian jays have developed special saliva glands which they use to form sticky food clumps which they can adhere to beard moss or holes in tree bark where they are readily accessible throughout the winter. Because of their reliance on food stores during winter, these birds are territorial and hold food reserves scattered around the territory, especially near to the nest.

When foraging, Siberian jays often stay within the closed-canopy forest to avoid visual detection by predators, although they may occasionally forage for insects in wet, tussock-strewn open areas. They forage in flocks comprising 3–5 individuals within their large territory. Especially in winter, Siberian jays will also venture into increasingly open areas to take and store small rodents for food when the latter are abundant.

Threats
Birds of prey, especially hawks such the goshawk and sparrowhawk, are the main predators of Siberian jays. Most Siberian jay predators detect prey visually, so that the combination of ample forest foliage cover with the jays' cryptic colouration and secretive nesting helps render the jays inconspicuous to potential predators. Predators of this species' eggs and young include squirrels, ravens, hooded crows, magpies and Eurasian jays. The nest is constructed within the dense foliage to avoid attracting the attention of predators. Females also appear to lay smaller clutches under higher predation pressure, which may help to avoid attracting predator attention to the nest since fewer visits to the nest by the parent are necessary. Further, in higher cover nests, chicks are fed by the parent more evenly than in exposed nests more detectable by predators; so that chicks raised in well-concealed nests are expected to have better growth.

The European expanse of the population is threatened by habitat degradation through the encroachments of forestry, road building, settlements and agriculture. Modern European forestry practices in particular may be lessening the quality of breeding habitats for the Siberian jay by depriving the birds of sufficient foliage cover. This may occur through forest thinning, whereby lower-quality trees are regularly removed from forest stands. Excessive clearcutting has been linked with increased territory abandonment by Siberian jays, leading to strong decreases in the species' breeding success in affected areas. Another practice which may threaten the Siberian jay has been the large-scale removal of stands of native spruce to be replaced with pine, potentially leading to loss of sufficient visual cover of nesting activity from predators with removal of spruce. In Finland, spruce has also been declining faster than other forest types and loss and fragmentation of spruce forests through forestry has been linked with population declines here. Anthropogenic habitat loss may be interacting with natural threats from predators. The Siberian jay population has declined more than can be explained by anthropogenic forest clearance alone, which may be attributable to increased nest exposure to avian predators and other human activities favouring these predatory species. Human activity may also favour nest predators such as Eurasian jays through supplemental feeding and refuse dumpling, thereby compounding the predation pressure on Siberian jays through visual exposure to predators. Finally, destruction by felling of winter food storages in trees near territories during winter may also destroy winter food caches.

Alongside increased predator attention, the open land exposed as a result of forest habitat fragmentation also presents an apparently large dispersal barrier which the jays may find difficult to cross given their apparent cumbersomeness at traversing open land. Siberian jays also appear unable to evolve fast enough to adapt to these anthropogenic habitat and predator population changes. Because of this species' sedentary habit, there appear to be several genetically isolated subpopulations. Given this jay's high site fidelity, gene flow between subpopulations may have been low even before onset of modern forestry practices which have created the strong dispersal barriers.

In culture and relationship with humans
Siberian jays are reported to be fearless in human company, and, with repeated provision of food by humans in the same place, may become tame enough to take food from the hand. This was especially the case when forestry workers used to regularly leave patches of food scraps in the forest or around campfires for the jays to take. The Siberian jay has now gained flagship status as a conservation concern both because of threats from modern forestry and because active territories are considered a sign of high-quality biodiverse forest.

Status
The Siberian jay is evaluated as Least Concern by the IUCN because of the species’ exceptionally large range. Although the world population is declining, the magnitude of this drop is not deemed to be sufficiently large to render the species Vulnerable. The world population is very large and estimated at 4–8 million mature individuals. Population declines have been reported to be strongest in the southernmost part of the range.

title: Siberian jay


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User talk:Bweaver

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:58, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Scope Statement
A "" template has been added to the article Scope Statement, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Kathy A. 23:49, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bweaver


text:
Abraham de Fabert

Abraham de Fabert, marquis d'Esternay (11 October 1599 – 17 May 1662) was a Marshal of France.

Biography
Fabert was the son of Abraham Fabert, seigneur de Moulins (died 1638), a famous printer who rendered great services, civil and military, to Henry IV.

At the age of fourteen, Abraham de Fabert, against his father's wish, entered the Gardes Françaises, and in 1618 received a commission in the Piedmont regiment, becoming major in 1627. He distinguished himself repeatedly in the constant wars of the period, notably in La Rochelle and at the Siege of Exilles in 1630. His bravery and engineering skill were again displayed in the sieges of Avesnes and Maubeuge in 1637, and in 1642 Louis XIII made him governor of the recently acquired fortress of Sedan. In 1651 he became lieutenant-general, and in 1654 at the Siege of Stenay he introduced new methods of siegecraft which anticipated in a measure the great improvements of Vauban.

In the 1620s, Fabert created a number of regional maps, particularly of the emerging eastern frontier from the Ardennes south through Champagne.

In 1658 Fabert was made a marshal of France, being the first commoner to attain that rank. He died in 1662 from a pneumonia at Sedan, where he was governor.

title: Abraham de Fabert


text:
Avonmouth Bridge

The Avonmouth Bridge is a road bridge that carries the M5 motorway over the River Avon into Somerset near Bristol, England. The main span is 538 ft long, and the bridge is 4554 ft long, with an air draught above mean high water level of 98.4 ft. It also has a separate footpath and cycleway which connects the B4054 near Avonmouth station with the Royal Portbury Dock and the village of Pill.

Construction
The bridge was built with three lanes each way, with full hard shoulders. In 1995–2000, it was widened to four lanes each way, with the result that the hard shoulders are no longer of full width.

The bridge was built to allow tall ships underneath. This gave the bridge steep gradients that cause heavy vehicles to slow down, resulting in congestion during rush hour and the summer tourist season: traffic can back up both on the bridge and on the approaches.

The construction contract was let to Fairfield-Mabey and commenced in 1969; Fairfield-Mabey placed a sub-contract with Tarmac Civil Engineering for the foundations, piers and deck concreting works.

Surface
The approach and initial climb up the bridge have a smooth asphalt surface; however, on the top of the bridge the surface was uneven and bumpy when it was built. In September 2006, it was announced that the entire bridge would be resurfaced, only five years after the last resurfacing. This was completed in November 2009 by the construction firm Stirling Lloyd. However, the surfacing was carried out by Stirling Lloyd's partners Aeschlimann AG from Switzerland using its own workforce and importing all the plant used. A new type of asphalt called Gussasphalt was used on the bridge deck, The project was managed by Stirling Lloyd's Darren Holmes. In addition to having a smooth, skid-resistant finish, it requires no compaction and can be applied in very thin layers ( Each layer only 25 mm thick), thus reducing the weight added to the bridge. It is also flexible and as a result should last longer than the previous resurfacing.

title: Avonmouth Bridge


text: Category:Sports venues in the Netherlands


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Hellraiser (Ozzy Osbourne and Motörhead song)

"Hellraiser" is a song written by Ozzy Osbourne, Zakk Wylde, and Lemmy Kilmister. The song was recorded by Osbourne for his 1991 album No More Tears and also by Motörhead for their 1992 March ör Die album. Motörhead's version was released as a single.

Ozzy Osbourne version
The song appeared in the first trailer for Painkiller. It was also used as entrance music by the professional wrestling tag team The Hell Raisers (Hawk Warrior and Power Warrior) in New Japan Pro-Wrestling. It was also featured on Radio X in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, although the song was removed in later versions such as the mobile port and Grand Theft Auto: The Trilogy - The Definitive Edition due to licensing issues.

Personnel

 * Ozzy Osbourne – vocals
 * Randy Castillo – drums
 * John Sinclair – keyboards
 * Zakk Wylde – guitars
 * Bob Daisley – bass

Motörhead version
Motörhead's recording of the song was used in the 1992 film Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth, and was released as the A-side of the single and as the sixth track on their tenth studio album, March ör Die.

The B-sides of the CD single Hellraiser were "Name in Vain", which also appears on the album March ör Die, and "Dead Man's Hand" (which was also released on The One to Sing the Blues CD single, 7" & 12" vinyl singles).

The title track also appears on The '92 Tour EP.

"Hellraiser" is the first of two tracks that Mikkey Dee recorded with Motörhead before officially joining the band, the other being "Hell on Earth".

A video for "Hellraiser" was made, featuring Lemmy playing poker against Pinhead (Doug Bradley) from the Hellraiser films.

This version also has some minor lyrical alterations.

Single track listing

 * 1) "Hellraiser" (Ozzy Osbourne, Zakk Wylde, Lemmy)
 * 2) "Name in Vain" (Phil Campbell, Würzel, Lemmy)
 * 3) "Dead Man's Hand" (Campbell, Würzel, Lemmy, Phil Taylor)

Personnel

 * Lemmy – vocals, bass
 * Phil "Wizzo" Campbell – lead and rhythm guitar
 * Michael "Würzel" Burston – lead and rhythm guitar
 * Mikkey Dee – drums

30th anniversary
On October 29, 2021, a new version of "Hellraiser" was released to commemorate its 30th anniversary. It features a mashup of both Ozzy and Lemmy's vocals in one song, using the former's version as the main template. An official animated music video, with Ozzy, Lemmy and Phil Taylor fighting against humanity transformed into zombies via their mobile phones, and later the demons responsible for the change. The video was directed by Mark Szumski and Gina Niespodziani, and released on YouTube the same day.

The video starts with the duo playing an arcade video game, as that used to be a frequent hobby of Lemmy. Guitarist Zakk Wylde said about them: "Lemmy was buddies with Ozzy forever. They toured Europe together when Saint Rhoads was in the band and Lemmy would take Randy out to go play Asteroids wherever they went. So it was just a quick phonecall – 'can you write some songs?' 'sure'." Ozzy said "I had great fun with Lemmy – you couldn’t be serious around him. Even just writing the songs, we could instinctively tell whether it was going to be good or not. We always used to go out to the pub and have a real laugh. It was a true rock'n'roll lifestyle he lived and I miss him terribly, you know."


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Divine Life Society

The Divine Life Society (DLS) is a Hindu spiritual organization and an ashram, founded by Swami Sivananda Saraswati in 1936, at Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh, India. Today Divine Life Society has branches around the world, with the headquarters situated in Rishikesh. Many disciples of Swami Sivananda have started independent organizations in Mauritius, the United States, Australia, Canada, Malaysia, South Africa, South America, and Europe.

History
In 1936, after returning from a pilgrimage, Swami Sivananda stayed in an old hut on the banks of the Ganges in Rishikesh. The King of Tehri Garhwal granted him a plot of land to construct the present day Shivanandashram. Chidananda Saraswati served as president of the society from August 1963 to 28 August 2008, while Krishnananda Saraswati served as the General-Secretary of the Society in Rishikesh from 1958 until 2001.

Vegetarianism
Sivananda insisted on a strict lacto-vegetarian diet for moral and spiritual reasons, arguing that "meat-eating is highly deleterious to health". His Divine Life Society thus advocates a vegetarian diet.

Teachings
Sri Swami Sivananda outlined 20 important spiritual instructions for people of various religions in a book by the same name. The instructions were:

 * 1) Brahmamuhuruta: Waking up early in the morning during
 * 2) Asana: Sitting in an appropriate asana for half an hour to three hours
 * 3) Japa: recitation of a mantra
 * 4) Dietetic Discipline: Eat sattvic food
 * 5) Meditation: Have a separate meditation room or area in the home
 * 6) Swadhyay: Study religious books from half an hour to an hour daily
 * 7) Elevate the Mind: Recite slokas before performing japa
 * 8) Brahmacharya: preservation of the vital force
 * 9) Charity
 * 10) Have Satsang: "association with holy people"
 * 11) Fast: Fast on Ekadashi or the appropriate days for one's religion
 * 12) Japa Mala: Keep a rosary and chant at every opportunity
 * 13) Observe Mouna: Be silent for a couple of hours daily
 * 14) Discipline of Speech: Speak a little, what is true, and what is sweet
 * 15) Be content: have mental detachment and share with others
 * 16) Practice Love: control anger and serve the sick and poor
 * 17) Be self-reliant
 * 18) Have self-analysis: understand one's mistakes and try to correct them
 * 19) Do your duty
 * 20) Remember God: remember God at all times

The teachings of yoga are explained at length by Swami Sivananda. Yoga is "the process by which the identity of the individual soul and the Supreme Soul is realized by the Yogi."

Departments

 * The headquarters for Divine Life Society is Sivananda Ashram in Uttarakhand.
 * Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy trains aspirants in yoga and provides knowledge of Indian culture to develop integrity
 * Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy Press prints the cultural and spiritual books as well as the journals and other literature of the Divine Life Society.
 * Sivananda Publication League is the publishing arm of the Divine Life Society.
 * Sivananda Charitable Hospital renders free medical service to the public and conducts periodical medical relief camps freely.

Related links

 * The official website of Divine Life Society
 * The other official website of Divine Life Society
 * Swami Krishnananda, former General Secretary of the Divine Life Society

title: Divine Life Society


text:
Talk:Bros (British band)

In 2 Summer (Concert)
I would like to add other Support acts in Section 'Success' as along with Debbie Gibson and Salt 'n' Pepa they were also supported by Frank Sidebottom who got deathly silence then bemused muttering from the majority of the audience apart from 1 person giggling his pants off (Me, why was I there, cos my mate had a spare ticket and I had nothing better to do that day), Double Trouble and the Rebel MC and also The London Boys who came on stage started miming but their tape messed up so they had to go off then after a few minutes they came back on and carried on....miming...in Wembley Stadium....miming... WatsomJKnights (talk) 00:39, 21 March 2019 (UTC) https://static.wixstatic.com/media/3541c3_bddf3dfaf6934772a01a26ef659082aa~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_704,h_480,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/img20190502_11585540.jpg

Source provided news paper article which can be in google and also from www.brosmusicco.uk, clearing the acts were Debbie Gibson, Salt and pepper, DJ pat sharp in cooperation with Capital radio

Untitled
Tour Dates (Edinburgh link incorrect)

Edinburgh Playhouse link should be https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Playhouse not the one in the West End of London

Thank you for message it's important that facts on this page are correct, we have been working hard to correct all these errors — Preceding unsigned comment added by HarryConroy5 (talk • contribs) 17:01, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

The discography is completely wrong on this page, the first release of I Owe You Nothing didn't reach number one, it charted on it's second release however both versions here have I Owe You Nothing as charting at number one, this is false, also "This Pain" was only an album track for an underground album Matt Goss recorded over in Italy, this was 5 years or so after Bros had disbanded so have no idea why this track is listed with Bros.

I would edit this myself however Wiki seem to be so strung up on things I'll let someone else look into this & get the information as everytime I try to put in reutable sources, it gets removed or marked as stupid spam (even though I've never once intended to spam wikipedia).

Anyway, the info mentioned above needs clearing up, so do your homework, though I can assure you this is right what I've mentioned.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.96.219.152 (talk) 21:21, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Needs some mention of what Craig did after leaving the band. I understand he has became a successful music producer/manager? But I'm not interested enough to find out TBH. pomegranate 15:02, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed I wonder if this is the same Craig Logan?  clintie 15:02, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes that is the same Craig Logan, he managed Sandi during her time with the label & also worked closely with Pink & Natalie Imbruglia, pre to this he was a Chief Exec at EMI records & is credited in many albums such as Louise's "Woman In Me" **** —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.96.219.152 (talk) 21:24, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

There is rumour that in the 2006 film underworld 2 Luke Goss played the part of the 'Head security agent' for the vampires. This is unconfirmed however so I daren't taint the main page. Dave.

Does anyone know anything about the backing band? Just wondering. Paul

I just changed the title of their first single from "I owe you an anal intrusion" to the (hopefully) correct "I owe you nothing" Kudos to the funny guy, you gave me a good laugh. Gexxer 01:10, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Lovers?
Why are they listed as lovers instead of brothers?

 * Darn vandalism. Btw, they are twins (that change got lost in the noise too, I'll readd that) Bmathew 16:14, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Pronunctiation
I'm certain it was pronounced "bross", not "brose" as it says in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.96.182.62 (talk) 09:22, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah; it was definitely pronounced "bross"! Anyone in the UK who can remember the late 1980s and had even the vaguest interest in the pop charts of the time (and most people who didn't- yeah, they were very famous for a year or two) could confirm that.
 * However, anyone who wasn't around at the time or who lived elsewhere could reasonably (but incorrectly) assume that it rhymed with 'rose' (as in the saying- e.g.- "bros and hos"). I added this in. 92.41.161.40 (talk) 16:27, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

It - or rather they - can also be pronounced "shit", or occasionally the variant "shite".

 * I have added a link to a YouTube video with one of the brothers as a citation to show that the name of the band is pronounced "Bross" (as is Moss Bros). -- John Aldis —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.194.42.234 (talk) 21:14, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Not sure if this is vandalism - but the pronouciation is a bit bad, using the word 'dross' (meaning: dross/drôs/Noun 1. Something regarded as worthless; rubbish.). You could use the word 'boss' or 'moss' instead I know they're not words with an r as the second letter (like bros and dross) but come on I think a better word can be found. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.169.30.223 (talk) 06:27, 2 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Cross? --Muhandes (talk) 19:37, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Craig Logan
Does any one else think it's a little strange that there is very little about Craig anywhere on the web - including Wikipedia? Not that I'm a huge fan but I was surprised that not much has been written...or perhaps has it all been removed...Hmmm.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.165.88 (talk) 18:05, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Also, though there's a link in the intro, it redirects to this page. Has there been a page previously that has been removed? The Mel and Kim page says he's (been?) a boyfriend of Kim. Jalwikip (talk) 07:57, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

I am not surprised that there is very little about Craig Logan on the internet. He was an empty space when he was in Bros and has not done anything of general notability since. On a more serious level, the article doesn't explain what the three members of the band actually did. I know that Goss and Goss sang, but did Logan play an instrument? What was his role? And although it's hard to source, the article doesn't mention (a) the torn jeans (b) the general critical derision and (c) the genuine albeit brief ubiquity. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 18:12, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * They were marketed as though they were a proper three-piece band, with Matt Goss on vocals, Luke Goss on drums, and Craig Logan on bass. But who knows if they really played anything. When I listen to "When Will I Be Famous", I can't hear any bass and I'm pretty sure that's a drum machine. Also, I agree that their "genuine albeit brief ubiquity" is one of the most notable things about the band. Amongst pre-teen girls, they went from Twilight/Bieber levels of popularity to being reviled almost overnight. I'm just working from foggy memories here, but I think it's because their management decided to start marketing them towards gay men instead of teen girls. P.S. I don't know if this is notable, but Craig Logan later went on to date Dannii Minogue. There were rumours that they were engaged. (It wouldn't have been the first engagement Dannii Minogue broke off. She also broke off an engagement to Canadian sports star Jacques Villeneuve.) 75.98.196.98 (talk) 23:13, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

if you want to know more about Craig Logan from articles checkout www.brosmusic.co.uk also Craig Logan a very private person hope this helps you — Preceding unsigned comment added by Steveharris90 (talk • contribs) 17:58, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Here's an article which talks a bit more about Logan, including the fact that he successfully sued the Goss brothers for a million pounds. 162.245.23.61 (talk) 06:32, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

Incident in Swann pub
This seems rather far-fetched and somewhat inaccurate as the Collymoore being referred to would not have been a Liverpool player at the time. It also seems unlikely that the Mr. Gay UK in question would have had a football shirt with any player's name on the back as player names only started appearing on the back of football shirts from 1993 onwards. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Parkway28 (talk • contribs) 21:00, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

Certification for Push (Bros album)
Certification of Push is not just based on UK sales, its based worldwide sales so Global sales of Push from Sony Music, CBS, Epic, confirm that Push sold over 10 million copies worldwide, I hope the clarifies the matter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by HarryConroy5 (talk • contribs) 17:05, 28 November 2018 (UTC)

Push went 4× in the UK, per the BPI database. If the artist's website says otherwise, they are wrong. The BPI is the one doing the certifications. There is no source that can override the BPI website itself. --Muhandes (talk) 07:23, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

Edit request on 23 September 2012 - incorrect names of Bros twins
In the caption to the picture on the right of the page, it incorrectly refers to the twin brothers as 'Matt Moss' and 'Luke Moss'. It ought to read 'Matt Goss' and 'Luke Goss', respectively.

Ajaymonster (talk) 13:28, 23 September 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅. January  ( talk ) 13:39, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100918011102/http://uk.news.yahoo.com:80/1/20100914/ten-goss-rules-out-bros-reunion-c60bd6d.html to http://uk.news.yahoo.com/1/20100914/ten-goss-rules-out-bros-reunion-c60bd6d.html
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Targets of Hatred
I was never a fan of Bros (rhymes with Goss - DOH!) but this article could mention the 'Matt and Luke make me puke!" T-shirts! Even Matt thinks they were hilarious [] (read the link before you flame). As a general point, this article is poorly written and needs a tidy up, but perhaps best done by a Bros fan.92.25.60.13 (talk) 18:09, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

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Edit warring over poorly written unsourced promotional content
User:SamathawardQC is edit warring to introduce poorly written, unsourced promotional content, please discuss here what changes you want to make and why. Theroadislong (talk) 09:49, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, this isn't an edit war, but the return of a long-term vandal, TomWatkins1970, who has vandalised this and other Bros-related articles over the period of at least 18 months. This page was protected for a period of 6 months recently, as result of their vandalism, expiring at the start of this month.  As the page-protection has now expired, they are back to do what they do 'best'.  You will notice very similar edits have been made on the page by a number of new user accounts and IP addresses since 10 March.  I have requested page-protection again be applied to this page, but have not yet received a response.  I have also opened a new sockpuppet investigation into these accounts, here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/TomWatkins1970 .  Feel free to add.Nqr9 (talk) 10:03, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * PS be warned, they are likely to resort to personal abuse. At one point they even edited my user page to write nasty things about me, LOL.Nqr9 (talk) 10:06, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

Typos
I’ve just read this page. There are a lot of typos so suggest someone who can edit gives this a full review and update. For example, some uses of “every where”. In the Logan leaves section, he had issues getting “on an of stage”. Generally though, the language and style of the page is different from a usual Wiki page.

Thanks Alan Alanjbint (talk) 07:37, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

Typos
I’ve just read this page. There are a lot of typos so suggest someone who can edit gives this a full review and update. For example, some uses of “every where”. In the Logan leaves section, he had issues getting “on an of stage”. Generally though, the language and style of the page is different from a usual Wiki page.

Thanks Alan Alanjbint (talk) 07:37, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

In 2 Summer (Concert)
I would like to add other Support acts in Section 'Success' as along with Debbie Gibson and Salt 'n' Pepa they were also supported by Frank Sidebottom who got deathly silence then bemused muttering from the majority of the audience apart from 1 person giggling his pants off (Me, why was I there, cos my mate had a spare ticket and I had nothing better to do that day), Double Trouble and the Rebel MC and also The London Boys who came on stage started miming but their tape messed up so they had to go off then after a few minutes they came back on and carried on....miming...in Wembley Stadium....miming... WatsomJKnights (talk) 00:39, 21 March 2019 (UTC)
 * To add them we would need a source that explicitly states that these acts played, which probably means finding a review of the concert in print versions of newspapers or magazines from 1989 (we don't need an online version, it's enough to be able to cite a print version if it is really out there and someone can check it in a newspaper archive). Did Frank Sidebottom really play alongside Bros? I can only imagine that Chris Sievey must have done it for giggles, because he would have known he'd go down like a lead balloon with the teeny pop crowd. Richard3120 (talk) 01:14, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

Protection
Hey, I'm just wondering why there's indefinite PC protection when you've also applied ten years of semi protection. I think that if the article has gotten to the point where it needs an unusually long protection timer, it should just be indef'd.  Anarchyte ( talk  |  work )  12:05, 18 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Done although I'm not sure that indef counts as more than ten years. I guess it depends on who's around then and what mood they're in. But at least they'll hopefully remember to SWITCH IT TO PENDING CHANGES FIRST RATHER THAN UNPROTECTING COMPLETELY, THANK YOU. Samsara 14:37, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 July 2019
dear wiki editors could you please add content in the bros awards and nomination section as they won the following awards

Smash hits poll winners party 1988 - best group

Smash hits poll winners Party 1989   best group, best single, best pop video

BRAVO OTTO AWARD FOR BEST GROUP 1989  Steveharris90 (talk) 14:15, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello TomWatkins1970... as has been explained to you many, many times before, a link to an unsourced scanned photo is not enough... we need to know where it came from, issue, date, etc. Richard3120 (talk) 14:28, 21 July 2019 (UTC)
 * No reliable secondary sources. --bonadea contributions talk 18:36, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

SMASH HITS POLL PARTY 1988 /1989
Good evening I was just wondering why their is still no updated to this page to reflect bros achievements, when it come to awards and nomination, bros won numerous awards for exmaple

Smash hits poll winners party 1988 - best group source smash hits magazines — Preceding unsigned comment added by Steveharris90 (talk • contribs) 18:09, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Smash hits poll winners Party 1989   best group, best single, best pop video

 * Images and YouTube are not acceptable references. -  FlightTime  ( open channel ) 19:02, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

 * OP blocked as a rather obvious sock of TomWatkins1970. Favonian (talk) 19:15, 21 July 2019 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:BROS (Canadian musical duo) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:19, 30 May 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 September 2020
Consistent incorrect subject-verb conjugation. The band is... Bros is a band... "Bros are a band" - incorrect and it runs through the article. 200.29.118.3 (talk) 15:14, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The group is British, and it is standard in British English to refer to bands or groups in the plural - see the articles for the Beatles or the Arctic Monkeys, for example. Richard3120 (talk) 15:24, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Can someone come to Discogs and help with dealing with this TomWatkins guy?
Over at Discogs the same guy who has been vandalizing Bros wikipedia pages for 5 years is doing the exact same thing on Discogs: https://www.discogs.com/forum/thread/870595 Please contact Discogs Staff Member Diognes The Fox or open a support request in the help section if you have any information that can help stop this guy. At the moment he is returning day after day after day adding the same fake entries into the database, being abusive to other users and generally wasting the communities time - though like here on wiki he's probably wasting more of his own time. And we're already all sick of it. We really don't want this to go on for 5 years like on here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.9.8.40 (talk • contribs) 17:01, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * As one of the editors who has tried to stop this happening on Wikipedia, I do sympathise with you. But I'm not sure what we can do – this is exactly why sites like Discogs fails WP:USERG and it's what happens when a website allows anyone to edit without imposing any kind of oversight. I don't have any information about the editor in question, unfortunately – it's really up to the Discogs staff to clamp down on it. Richard3120 (talk) 17:12, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

Thanks for replying Rich, I've seen your name a lot in researching this individual's activities here so I can imagine how fed up you are of this after 4-5 years of it.. I wasn't sure what tools and information long-term wikipedia users have available that us ordinary joes can't see so thought I'd reach out. We have taken some steps on Discogs such as basically copying wikipedia's idea of locking individual entries and restricting things brand new users can do just as putting entries up for removal. Seems the best we can hope for is to clean up his mess each day in the fastest time possible. I mean today he opened 4 separate accounts and added the same entry for 1 album 20 times. You can't legislate for that level of prolonged insanity. 92.9.8.40 (talk) 18:12, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm sorry I can't be of more help... I don't have access to any more information about the editor, and I doubt any other editor on Wikipedia does either. I hope you and the other editors on Discogs can sort things out there. Richard3120 (talk) 19:18, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Whoever is behind these accounts is relentless, seems to be somewhat 'disturbed', and has an endless supply of IP addresses and fake accounts that they can use. I am a discogs user, but haven't been involved with (or even noticed) any vandalism there myself.  I am not an administrator here and don't have any access to special info either.Nqr9 (talk) 03:04, 23 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Actually as of a couple of days ago the vandalism has stopped - the combination of a side-wide restriction of new users editing submissions and also passing mention to this user that all libellous comments were passed on to the Discogs and in turn staff confirming that Discogs have spoken to their lawyers on the matter means it stopped overnight. I don't think this user was as clever as some made out to be - there's every chance he was on a dynamic IP and it takes 30 seconds to open a new email account if you're that deranged. Also there is suspicion that it's more than one person. Anyway, it's done with now, I doubt he will return to wikipedia any more than he'll continue to bother Discogs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.16.31.55 (talk • contribs) 13:57, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I've been reporting this guy here for something like 5 years. I don't think he's going away, unless nature intervenes.  I also don't think it's more than one person - the writing style, the outlandish claims, and the personal attacks are very consistent.  Also, I do think whoever is behind these accounts is VERY deranged.Nqr9 (talk) 08:05, 3 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bros (British band)


text:
User talk:198.38.10.1

IP address information
IP address 198.38.10.1, PTR record: none, netrange 198.38.8.0 - 198.38.12.255 named NETBLK-SUNYNASSAU (Nassau County Community College), CIDR 198.38.8.0/22, 198.38.12.0/24 is part of Autonomous System (AS) AS6128 named CV-INET CSC Holdings, Inc (Cablevision) 1111 Stewart Avenue Bethpage, NY 11714-3533. This IP Address is located in Garden City, Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States of America.

The organization responsible for this IP address is Nassau County Community College, Nassau Community College - Contact Us, contact: [mailto:abuse@ncc.edu,abuse@sunynassau.edu,abuse@sysadm.suny.edu,abuse@cv.net?subject=Vandalism%20of%20en.wikipedia.org%20by%20by%20198.38.10.1 abuse@ncc.edu,abuse@sunynassau.edu,abuse@sysadm.suny.edu,abuse@cv.net]. Also see the Network Abuse Clearinghouse entries for Ncc.edu.

Special education
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war  according to the reverts you have made on Special education. Note that the three-revert rule prohibits making more than three reversions on a single page within a 24-hour period. Additionally, users who perform several reversions in content disputes may be blocked for edit warring even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. When in dispute with another editor you should first try to discuss controversial changes to work towards wording and content that gains a consensus among editors. Should that prove unsuccessful, you are encouraged to seek dispute resolution, and in some cases it may be appropriate to request page protection. If the edit warring continues, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 17:30, 29 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The user is being unreasonable. She keeps undoing my sourced information without helping to improve the article.  She accuses that I have all the wrong information and reverts everything without even considering the sourced information.  Of course I figured out what the problem was and fixed the mistakes.  Anyway, I may consider leaving Wikipedia not now but in the future if other editors refuse to assume good faith. Wikipedia is already stressful enough and when dealing with editors like WhatamIdoing, it's hard.  198.38.10.1 (talk) 20:45, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
WS Harlan Elementary School, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. Thank you for helping Wikipedia! HJ Mitchell |  Penny for your thoughts?   12:03, 3 July 2010 (UTC)
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Nomination of Variety Child Learning Center for deletion
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A page you started (Garden City Middle School) has been reviewed!
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title: User talk:198.38.10.1