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WQHS-DT

WQHS-DT (channel 61) is a television station in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language networks Univision and UniMás. Owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision, it is the only full-power Spanish-language television station in the state of Ohio. WQHS-DT's studios and transmitter are located on West Ridgewood Drive in suburban Parma.

This station's sign on in 1981 as WCLQ-TV marked the return of broadcasting over channel 61 in Cleveland, a frequency unused since the closure of WKBF-TV six years earlier. Originally the market outlet for subscription television service Preview along with a general slate of entertainment programming, Preview's 1983 closure forced WCLQ-TV to operate as a full-time independent station under the ownership of Channel Communications, which aggressively purchased syndicated reruns and movies but consistently ranked near the bottom of the local ratings. With the sign-on of two competing independent stations in 1985 and limited chance for profitability, the station was sold to Silver King Broadcasting, becoming one of the first owned-and-operated outlets for the Home Shopping Network (HSN) in 1986, when it changed its call sign to the present WQHS. Purchased by Univision in 2002, WQHS has largely operated as a "pass-through" for Univision programming ever since.

Prior history of channel 61
A previous license owned by Kaiser Broadcasting occupied channel 61 as WKBF-TV from January 1968 to April 1975. It was the first actual independent station to sign on in Cleveland and was Cleveland's first commercial UHF station. Despite some innovative local programming and an inventory of some popular off-network shows, WKBF struggled for the majority of its existence due to poor revenue growth. The station failed to achieve profitability while competing against rival independent WUAB (channel 43), which signed on nine months after WKBF in September 1968. In April 1975, Kaiser Broadcasting shut down WKBF-TV, returned the license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and sold off WKBF's assets to WUAB's owner, United Artists Broadcasting; Kaiser then purchased a minority ownership in that station, which it retained until WUAB was sold in 1977.

WCLQ-TV (1981–1986)
Even though WKBF-TV had largely failed, interest in channel 61 was fueled by the imminent maturity of subscription television (STV) technology. In January 1977, Cleveland Associates Co.—a consortium of Chicago firms Froelich Corporation, Balaban Television Corporation, Friedland Corporation, and Bray Corporation—filed an application for a construction permit to build channel 61 as a station that would operate on a hybrid basis. The station would air commercial, advertiser-supported programs during the day and scrambled STV programs to paying subscribers at night. A construction permit was awarded by the FCC in 1978, and WCLQ-TV began broadcasting on March 3, 1981, with a special prime time airing of the movie The Deer Hunter as its marquee program on launch day. Four days later, WCLQ-TV began airing STV programs from Preview, a division of Time Inc.'s American Television and Communications, after 8 p.m. on weekdays and 7 p.m. on weekends; the remaining time was occupied by a general-entertainment independent lineup. The station even revived a character from the old WKBF-TV—The Ghoul, portrayed by Ron Sweed—when it added a horror movie showcase on September 25, 1982.

Preview's run on WCLQ-TV initially boasted a subscription base of nearly 35,000 at its peak in February 1982. The service carried select Cleveland Cavaliers games starting with the 1981–82 season, with executives mentioning a possible alliance with Cavaliers owner Ted Stepien's "Total Entertainment Network" as an additional programming tier. Ultimately, Preview lost nearly half of their subscription base to cable television systems in the market's affluent suburbs, along with piracy from different decoder boxes and a struggling area economy. Preview added a secondary service—the "adult"-themed Niteview—which only attracted half of Preview's subscribers, while the service itself was largely criticized for poor marketing and customer service. In addition to Preview's struggles, WCLQ-TV faced low ratings and a lack of media exposure, with general manager Gary Brandt publicly musing about The Chronicle-Telegram in Elyria listing the station as "WQLC". The station did make a further attempt at local programming with Video Arcade, a daily variety show aimed at older children with various old films, cartoons, music videos via Video Jukebox, and a local version of TV Powww.

When Time Inc. announced the closure of Preview in Cleveland on May 12, 1983, the service only had 22,000 subscribers; for its final day on August 31, that number dropped to 14,000. The shutdown announcement caught station executives off guard, as syndicated programming for the coming television season had largely been committed to months earlier. WCLQ-TV filled the loss of Preview with a traditional mixture of off-network reruns, movies and Independent Network News (anchored by former Cleveland newscaster Bill Jorgensen); it also picked up CBS Late Night, which WJKW declined. WCLQ-TV also began carrying various sports packages—including Big Ten Conference football and basketball, Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball, and select NBA on CBS games WJKW deferred—but dropped much of these sports packages in the summer of 1985 for schedule consistency. The Ghoul was cancelled in the spring of 1984, attributed to low ratings, but it was later suggested that Brandt dropped it after an on-air skit involving a shed being set on fire outside of the studios.

Balaban Broadcasting and the other partners in Cleveland Associates sold WCLQ-TV to Channel Communications, a subsidiary of Nashville, Tennessee–based NASCO, Inc., on May 4, 1984, for $14 million (equivalent to $ in ). NASCO, which primarily handled National Football League merchandise, established Channel as a diversification move, purchasing WCLQ-TV along with two small-market network affiliates—KAIT in Jonesboro, Arkansas, and KPLC in Lake Charles, Louisiana—for a combined $48.8 million. Brandt resigned in late April 1985, with Channel director of operations Jack White taking over as interim general manager; rumors among staffers suggested Brandt was not asked to leave willingly. In a bid to remain competitive, WCLQ-TV acquired syndication rights to Dallas, Simon & Simon and The Love Boat in expensive contracts and began using Ernest P. Worrell (Jim Varney) in promotional spots and billboards. Later purchases included reruns of The A-Team and "lost episodes" of The Honeymooners. Dallas reruns fared poorly, only running on WCLQ-TV for six months before being removed from the schedule entirely.

The summer of 1985 saw both WOIO and WBNX-TV sign on as independents: while WBNX-TV was owned by the ministry of televangelist Ernest Angley and positioned itself on family-oriented and religious fare, WOIO was financially backed by Malrite Communications (owners of WHK and WMMS) and Metroplex Communications (later owners of WNCX and WERE). WCLQ-TV's purchasing of expensive syndicated programming, in turn, increased prices for programming at both WOIO and WUAB substantially. The addition of competition also drove down ratings and advertising rates, with WOIO charging basic cable rates for a typical commercial. Driven into a financial crunch, WOIO's ownership group sought to sell outright to Malrite for an infusion of capital by June 1986, permissible by FCC regulations that typically barred common ownership of radio and UHF television stations except when the television station was in need of financial assistance. WCLQ-TV filed a petition to deny the sale.

The aggressive approach Channel Communications took with WCLQ-TV failed to yield a positive return on investment, with the station losing "a few million dollars" annually. The May 1985 sweeps period saw WUAB with 9 percent of viewers, WOIO with 6 percent, and WCLQ-TV with 5 percent, a trend that continued into the fall and spring. In January 1986, Channel president Brian Byrnes initiated a study with Shearson Lehman Brothers on possible options for the company, involving the sale of WCLQ-TV. He conceded that NASCO's earnings in 1985 were "not as good" as 1984 but denied suggestions WCLQ-TV was losing over $2 million. General manager Jack White claimed Shearson Lehman contacted Channel on behalf of an investor, fueling the possibility of Rupert Murdoch buying WCLQ-TV for his nascent Fox Broadcasting Company. Fox, however, opted to partner with WOIO on June 4, 1986, after WUAB parent Gaylord Broadcasting declined to affiliate any of their stations with the network.

The HSN years (1986–2002)
After months of rumors, Clearwater, Florida–based Silver King Broadcasting, parent company of the Home Shopping Network (HSN), purchased WCLQ-TV for $15 million (equivalent to $ in ) on August 20, 1986. While technically at a profit, Channel Communications sold WCLQ-TV at a significant loss after making expensive programming purchases, with the earliest estimates of profitability for the station coming sometime in 1987. The following day, WCLQ-TV withdrew their petition contesting WOIO's sale to Malrite after failing to get support from the other television stations in the market and with the HSN sale rendering it moot. Lowell "Bud" Paxson, co-founder of HSN and co-owner of Silver King, previously announced plans to create a nationwide chain of stations supported by 14 owned-and-operated outlets (twelve owned outright and two with minority interest, as per FCC regulations) and a network of full-time and part-time affiliates. WCLQ-TV was the sixth station purchased by Silver King.

WCLQ-TV expanded to 24-hour broadcasting on September 8, 1986, with HSN accounting for 18 hours daily. The remaining six hours of programming—meant to fulfill advertising contracts and provide temporary cash flow —included a block of children's programming, Honeymooners reruns, and a feature movie. The sale also voided a new contract the station had signed for the Cleveland State Vikings; while White said the games would continue to air during the transition period, the university moved their games to WOIO. Several cable systems, including Warner Cable in Akron and Canton, quietly dropped WCLQ-TV in favor of Cable Value Network. WOIO and WUAB also had the option to purchase any syndicated programming dropped by WCLQ-TV.

During the license transfer process, program distributors Twentieth Century Fox Television, MCA Television, and Paramount Television sued Channel over "billed and unpaid license fees" totaling $387,342 (equivalent to $ in ), forcing Channel into Chapter 7 bankruptcy on October 24, 1986, later converted to Chapter 11 by November. Embassy Television also filed a petition with the FCC against the deal, claiming a loss of over $3 million in broken contracts by WCLQ-TV for the production company's situation comedies and movies. Channel also owed $10 million to bank Manufacturers Hanover. Worldvision Enterprises later sued Channel for $1.9 million in unpaid bills (equivalent to $ in ) in late April 1987. Channel had already sold KAIT and KPLC to Cosmos Broadcasting in early October 1986, exiting broadcasting altogether.

Once the sale was finalized on December 24, 1986, the remaining entertainment programming was dropped and the call sign changed to WQHS, reflecting the Silver King/HSN ownership. Mark Dawidziak of the Akron Beacon Journal later referred to WCLQ-TV's demise as the station falling victim to the end of the "indy boom" within the television industry. The station carried HSN programming around the clock with one notable exception: for a 13-week period in 1989, WQHS carried a video simulcast of WMJI's morning-drive show with John Lanigan, a programming experiment tried out at other HSN owned-and-operated stations.

Univision years (2002–present)
In the late 1990s, USA Broadcasting (renamed from Silver King in 1998 after a restructuring of HSN, Inc. by chairman Barry Diller) began a years-long rollout to convert its HSN stations into general-entertainment independents using a local programming-heavy format known as "CityVision". The first CityVision station, WAMI in Miami, launched in 1998, and cheaper versions of CityVision were introduced in the Atlanta, Boston, and Dallas–Fort Worth markets. However, after the format failed to take off where it was introduced and the company registered operating losses of $62 million in 2000 (equivalent to $ in ), Diller opted to sell the station group to Univision on December 7, 2000, for $1.1 billion (equivalent to $ in ) in cash.

Most of the stations acquired by Univision were in markets with an existing Univision station, in which case the second stations would be used to launch a new network known as Telefutura. Some were used to launch new Univision stations. However, even compared to Atlanta or Philadelphia—the other markets where Univision purchased its first full-power station as a result of the USA deal—Cleveland had a smaller Hispanic population, with Nielsen estimating only 25,000 Hispanic households and 77,000 viewers. As a result, throughout 2001, there was speculation that Univision would attempt to sell WQHS-TV, either to be paired with another Cleveland television station or as an outlet for games of the Cleveland Indians, whose broadcasting contract with WUAB expired after 2001. Even though speculation continued, WQHS-TV joined Univision on January 14, 2002, making it the first Spanish-language broadcast TV station in the region.

In 2005, the United Church of Christ petitioned the FCC to deny a renewal of WQHS-TV's license over Univision's classification of a telenovela as E/I (educational/instructional); the case was settled in 2007 with the payment of a $24 million fine by the network, covering violations of the law at WQHS and other Univision stations.

Despite 20 years of Univision ownership, WQHS has never produced a full-length local newscast. The first such newscasts in Spanish in the Cleveland market debuted in January 2022 when Gray Television, owner of WOIO and WUAB, launched Telemundo outlet WTCL-LD (channel 6).

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#f2d1de|Subchannel broadcast with MPEG-4 video}}

Analog-to-digital conversion
WQHS shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 61, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 34, using virtual channel 61. WQHS relocated its signal from channel 34 to channel 36 on August 2, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.

title: WQHS-DT


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Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Military history of Canada/archive 1

Military history of Canada
An article I started back in 2003 that has since been much improved by a number of editors. In the last few weeks I've worked to cover the last omissions and bring it up to FA standards. It recently went through peer review, and all concerns raised there have been addressed. - SimonP 22:08, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support- a great article that is comprehensive. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 22:11, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Flag of Canada.svg Support. What can I say, this is a really good article! Very well written, very articulate, and quite comprehensive. Really deserves to be on the main page. --Mb1000 03:04, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, the only thing thats a bit flat is the opening sentence. Otherwise its a great article--nixie 06:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Support - good stuff. -- ALoan (Talk) 10:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Minor object- Although the article is well written and comprehensive I can't help but notice that it seems a little bit to positive at times. I'd like to see less emphasis on the 'for a country of only ... inhabitants' aspect, however unique it might be. The sentence 'Canada fully committed itself to the alliance against Communism being a founding member of NATO and signing the NORAD treaty with the United States' should be rewritten in my opinion, since it was an alliance against the threat of the Communist bloc and its sphere of influence, not an alliance against the idea itself. Also, according to the Wikipedia article on the Vietnam War,  'thousands of Canadians joined the American armed forces and served in Vietnam' which should be mentioned in the article. Regards, Lankhorst 13:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Tafinucane

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:08, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

 * Just so you know, I am the one who actually restored the XeniSucks link, about a week ago. Matt N 10:02, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Cat stuff
Hi. Did Shangwen Fang cut the tail off the cat too, or does it only look that way? --GunnarRene 18:16, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I have no idea. I just copied the description of his acts from a taiwanese newspaper article.

Repost of Gregg Valentino
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Proposed deletion of Jack Stack

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title: User talk:Tafinucane


text:
Pulpitis

Pulpitis is inflammation of dental pulp tissue. The pulp contains the blood vessels, the nerves, and connective tissue inside a tooth and provides the tooth's blood and nutrients. Pulpitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection which itself is a secondary development of caries (tooth decay). It manifests itself in the form of a toothache.

Signs and symptoms
Increased sensitivity to stimuli, specifically hot and cold, is a common symptom of pulpitis. A prolonged throbbing pain may be associated with the disease. However, pulpitis can also occur without any pain.

Reversible pulpitis is characterised by intermittent, brief discomfort initiated by a hot, cold or sweet stimulus. The pain evoked is of short duration and there is no lingering or spontaneous pain. The pain ceases within a short period after removal of the stimulus. With a reversible pulpitis, sleep is usually not affected and no analgesics are necessary. Usually, no atypical change is evident on the radiograph. Pulp vitality tests are positive and it is possible to preserve a healthy vital pulp.

Irreversible pulpitis, in contrast, is characterised by a constant severe pain that arises without provocation. Characteristics may include sharp pain upon thermal stimulus, lingering thermal pain, spontaneity, and referred pain. Sometimes, the pain may be accentuated by postural changes such as lying down or bending over. If a stimulus is applied, the pain persists for minutes or hours after removal of the stimulus. These indicate that the vital inflamed pulp is not capable of healing and it is often indicated for the pulp to be removed as it is too damaged. Sleep may be disturbed and over-the-counter painkillers are often taken in an attempt to provide relief, but are usually ineffective.

Causes
Pulpitis may be caused by bacteria from dental caries that penetrate through the enamel and dentin to reach the pulp, or it may be mechanical, a result of trauma, such as physical damage to the tooth.

Inflammation is commonly associated with a bacterial infection but can also be due to other insults such as repetitive trauma or in rare cases periodontitis. The inflammation of dental pulp is mainly caused by an opportunistic infection of the pulp by a commensal oral microorganism. To reach the pulp, the most common route of the microorganism is through dental caries as well as from trauma, dentinal cracks and exposed dentin. Exposed dentin gives the microorganisms access to the pulp of the tooth through the dentinal tubules. In the case of penetrating decay, the pulp chamber is no longer sealed off from the environment of the oral cavity.

When the pulp becomes inflamed, pressure begins to build up in the pulp cavity, exerting pressure on the nerve of the tooth and the surrounding tissues. Pressure from inflammation can cause mild to extreme pain, depending upon the severity of the inflammation and the body's response. Unlike other parts of the body where pressure can dissipate through the surrounding soft tissues, the pulp cavity is very different. It is surrounded by dentin, a hard tissue that does not allow for pressure dissipation, so increased blood flow, a hallmark of inflammation, will cause pain.

The infection can also come from the apical foramen of the root. Cells in the dental pulp trigger an immune response from the invasion of foreign microorganisms. The inflammation of the pulp is a side effect of the immune response and causes pain.

Pulpitis can often create so much pressure on the tooth nerve that the individual will have trouble locating the source of the pain, confusing it with neighboring teeth, called referred pain. The pulp cavity inherently provides the body with an immune system response challenge, which makes it very difficult for a bacterial infection to be eliminated.

If the teeth are denervated, this can lead to irreversible pulpitis, depending on the area, rate of infection, and length of injury. This is why people who have lost their dental innervation have a reduced healing ability and increased rate of tooth injury. Thus, as people age, their gradual loss of innervation leads to pulpitis.

Inflammatory response
In the pulp, just as in other areas of the body, inflammation can be present. Inflammation of the pulp does not take place until the bacteria in the decay have reached the pulp. Bacterial products may reach the pulp much earlier and begin the inflammatory response. The inflammation may be acute or chronic because just like other tissues in the body, the pulp will react to irritants with innate and/or adaptive immune responses.

Innate immunity in the pulp is not specific but uses receptors to recognize molecular patterns common to microbes to initiate bacterial killing (phagocytosis). The components of the innate response of the dentin/pulp complex to caries include at least the following six: (1) outward flow of dentinal fluid; (2) odontoblasts; (3) neuropeptides and neurogenic inflammation; (4) innate immune cells, including immature dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells, as well as (5) their cytokines and (6) chemokines. Although the first two items are not classic components of innate immunity, they are uniquely involved in the initial inflammatory response to caries.

Odontoblasts, (the cells that form dentin) have cellular processes that extend into dentinal tubules and are the first to encounter the caries bacterial antigens. They express low levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and genes related to chemokines and chemokine receptors. The odontoblasts have been shown to attract immature dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous leukocyte (white blood cell) population. DCs in healthy peripheral tissues (steady state) are in an immature state. The cells are capable of sensing microbes as well as antigen capture and processing capabilities. A rapid accumulation of pulpal DCs has been observed beneath cavity preparations, and an increased number of DCs accumulated under caries. Immature DCs are therefore considered to be part of the innate phase of pulpal immune response.

Persistent infection leads to the activation of adaptive immunity. A transition to an adaptive immune response will take place in the dental pulp as the caries and bacteria approach the pulp. Antigens are recognized individually and lines of lymphocytes are developed to produce specific antibodies which attach to the recognized cells and initiate their destruction. Phagocytes remove the remains. B cells and T cells are the major lymphocytes involved.

A variety of cytokines have been observed in the pulp. Patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis have been shown to have an almost 23-fold increase in the cytokine IL-8 in the pulp. Cytokines in the pulp interact with each other. The ultimate effect on pulpal inflammation and healing is dependent upon the integrated actions of these inflammatory mediators.

In addition to the lymphocytes, macrophages also provide defense against certain intracellular pathogens. Activated macrophages can function as class II antigen-presenting cells, similar to pulpal dendritic and B cells. In addition, activated macrophages secrete many inflammatory mediators.

Macrophages in the pulp become activated after receiving two signals. The first is a priming stimulus and the second is an activating signal. The priming stimulus is secreted by activated T-helper cells. The activating stimulus may include bacterial lipopolysaccharides, muramyl dipeptide, and other chemical mediators.

Macrophages are professional phagocytes in innate immune responses. Activated macrophages are effective killers that eliminate pathogens in both innate and adaptive immune responses, and are also important in tissue homeostasis, through the clearance of senescent cells, and in remodeling and repair of tissue after inflammation. The number of macrophages increases with the progression of caries and is always higher than that of DCs at all stages of the caries invasion.

Neurological responses
According to the Brännström's hydrodynamic theory, activated nociceptors from fluid movement and other irritants through the patent dentine tubules result in pulp pain. Unmyelinated, slow conducting C-fibers aid in feeling a slowset, burning pain. According to neuronal studies, 70-80% of pulpal axons are unmyelinated. Highly myelinated Aδ-fibers, which allow for fast conduction, are responsible for the sharp, shooting pain.

Thus, the stimulus intensities are based on various fibers. Fast-conducting Aβ and Aδ-fibers provide the lowest stimulus intensities (typically referred to as prepain sensations), and those sensations eventually receive higher stimulation levels. The dull aches are associated with C-fibers and slow Aδ-fibers. As inflammation intensifies, the A-fibers are increasingly activated. C-fiber innervation and Aδ-fibers are polymodal receptors that are sensitive to capsaicin and inflammatory mediators.

The pain mechanisms associated with pulpitis are similar to those of the rest of the body (i.e. receptors, intracellular signaling, transmitters, etc.). The inflammatory mediators act on specific receptors relating to nociceptive neurons, leading to the production of second messengers and activation of phospholipases and protein kinases. The second messengers regulate receptors ion channels that deal with sensitization. The ion channels open based on pain stimuli propagating action potentials in sensory neurons.

In order for excitability and conduction to occur, voltage-gated sodium channels must be activated. Changes in sodium channel (NaCH) expression occur after inflammatory lesions, which may generate different pain states seen when neuronal fibers are activated. Studies have been done on major NaCh isoforms to examine expression patterns. Nav1.6 nodal accumulations do not vary in size or immunofluorescence staining activity in typical or atypical nodal sites; however, the proportion of typical nodal sites decreases and increase in atypical nodes in painful tooth samples compared to normal tooth samples. Nav1.7 has an increased expression in typical and atypical nodal sites in painful samples. As a result, an increased co-expression of multiple isoforms at demyelinating nodal sites in painful dental pulp. This isoforms of sodium channels may be a main factor in pain sensations due to their production of axonal excitability properties.

Neuropeptides are increasingly being researched for having a role in molecular mechanisms involved with pain, including ion channels and inflammation. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide produced by capsaicin neuron cell bodies (localized in trigeminal ganglia and dorsal root) and plays a major role in dental pain and inflammation. Other peptides include cGRP, galanin, somatostatin, and neurokinin A-B. The biological effects of SP are expressed by the binding of specific G protein-coupled NK receptors. Interaction with SP receptors induces vasodilation and allows for plasma extravasation and mastocyte degranulation. SP is highly expressed in dental pulp and dentin. When pain, thermal, and/or chemical stimulation is present, SP production and release increases. Current studies focus on whether controlling Substance P expression may control tooth pain.

In addition, dental caries is more likely to develop pulpitis due to less time for the dental pulp to react and protect itself by occluding the dentinal tubules. Based on the tooth injury, sensory nerve fibers react to pulpitis by growing terminal branches into the adjacent surviving pulp, which also changes the cytochemical phenotype. This neural growth typically lasts few a few days and function and form is retained. Thus, pain is poorly localized, and the level of pain stemming from pulpitis varies based on severity, quality, duration, onset, trigger.

As caries invades dentin, the number of permeable dentinal tubules correlates with the degree of pain. Intrapulp pressure have an effect on the sensory nerves of varying diameters: blocking larger diameter Aδ-fibres and activating smaller C-fibers. Under hypoxic environments and pulp degeneration (symptom of pulpitis), C-fibers may still function. Once reparative dentin forms, odontoblasts associated with the dentin change, and the pulpal fibroblasts lose p75 expression, which is a neurotrophin receptor.

Diagnosis
Pulp sensibility tests are routinely used in the diagnosis of pulpitis. Pulp testing is combined with information taken from history, examination and other special investigations such as radiographs in order to reach a diagnosis. Pulp sensibility tests assess the pulp's sensory response to a stimulus. There are three general types:

 * Thermal: Agents are applied to increase or decrease the temperature of a tooth and stimulate a pulp sensory response.

Cold tests: Most commonly, ethyl chloride is sprayed onto a small ball of cotton wool and is applied to the tooth, which produces intense cold. Alternatively, snow and other refrigerants such as dichlorodifluoromethane (DDM) have been shown to be effective.

Heat tests: Gutta percha can be heated and directly applied to the tooth to produce heat.

 * Electrical pulp test: Electric pulp testing (EPT) has been available for over a century and is used by dentists worldwide. It is used to determine the health of the pulp and pulp-related pain.

EPT is based on the stimulation of sensory nerves in the pulp. It does not provide information on vascular supply to the pulp. The probe tip of the test device is placed directly onto the tooth surface and an electrical stimulus is produced. This stimulus causes an ionic change across the neural membrane, inducing an action potential in the myelinated nerves. The threshold of pain is determined by increasing the voltage. A tingling sensation is felt once the voltage reaches the pain threshold. This threshold level varies between patients, and is affected by factors such as age, pain perception, tooth surface conduction and resistance.

The requirements of an EPT are appropriate application method, careful interpretation of the results, and an appropriate stimulus. EPT must be done with tooth isolation and conduction media. Key factors in pulp testing are the enamel and dentine thickness, and the number of nerve fibers in the underlying the pulp. EPT is not used in patients with orthodontic bands or crowned teeth, as the current may be conducted to adjacent teeth, resulting in false-positive responses. Pulp nerve fibers also respond to lower current intensities and only a small number of pulpal nerves are required to create responses when electrical stimulation is applied. This means that EPT may result in false-positive responses in teeth with pulpal necrosis. Furthermore, as pulpal and periodontal nerve thresholds overlap, the periodontal nerves may give a false indication of tooth sensibility.

Possible explanations for false-positives include:

 * Response caused by conduction of the current because of periodontal or gingival issues
 * Breakdown products associated with pulp necrosis may be able to conduct electric current next to infected and hypersensitive pulp tissue
 * Inflamed pulp tissue may still be present
 * Metallic restorations or orthodontic gear are still present

Studies have indicated that there is little correlation between histopathological status of the pulp and clinical information. A negative EPT response showed localized necrosis in 25.7% of cases and 72% of cases. Thus, 97.7% of cases with a negative response to EPT indicated that a root canal treatment should be carried out.

 * Test cavity: The preparation of a test cavity involves cutting into the dentine of a tooth to determine whether the sensory element of the pulp is still functioning. Test cavity preparation is a last resort as this method is considered invasive and irreversible. It is also unlikely that this procedure would provide any more information than thermal and electric pulp sensibility tests. Therefore, test cavities are not generally used in practice as a means of testing pulp sensibility.

Treatment
Once the pulp has become inflamed, the tooth can be diagnostically divided into two categories: reversible pulpitis and irreversible pulpitis

Reversible
This is the condition where the pulp is inflamed and is actively responding to an irritant. This may include a carious lesion that has not reached the pulp.

Symptoms include transient pain or sensitivity resulting from many stimuli, notably hot, cold, sweet, water and touch. The pulp is still considered to be vital. This means that once the irritant is eliminated, usually by removal of decay and the placement of a restoration, that the pulp will return to its normal, healthy state. When it becomes painful and decayed the tooth may become known as a "hot tooth" and local anesthetic may not work as well.

Irreversible
This is the condition where the pulp is irreversibly damaged. The pulp cannot recover from the insult and damage. For example, decay that has reached the pulp of the tooth introduces bacteria into the pulp. The pulp is still alive, but the introduction of bacteria into the pulp will not allow the pulp to heal and it will ultimately result in necrosis, or death, of the pulp tissue.

Symptoms associated with irreversible pulpitis may include dull aching, pain from hot or cold (though cold may actually provide relief) lingering pain after removal of a stimulus, spontaneous pain, or referred pain.

Clinical signs may include reduced response to electronic pulp testing and painful response to thermal stimuli. Today electronic pulp testers are rarely used for diagnosis of the reversibility of pulpitis due to their unreliable nature. Instead they should only be used to test the vitality of teeth.

The pulp of a tooth with irreversible pulpitis may not be left alone to heal. That is at least the general viewpoint of the dental profession, and not every dentist would agree that a dead tooth must be treated. No statistics are known but it is possible to have a trouble-free tooth after irreversible pulpitis, albeit a dead tooth. The tooth may be endodontically treated whereby the pulp is removed and replaced by gutta percha. An alternative is extraction of the tooth. This may be required if there is insufficient coronal tissue remaining for restoration once the root canal therapy has been completed.

title: Pulpitis


text:
Talk:Coningsby

Other Coningsbys
Another Coningsby is a book by Benjamin Disraeli. --Oop 22:08, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Wording
"It is overseen by the impressive tower of its 15th century parish church, ‘St Michael's’ with its unique one-handed clock face. One of the few in the country (there is another at St Andrew's in Holt, Norfolk), it is thought to be the largest in the world." - If there's several more of these clocks, even if this is the most impressive, can we really use the word unique? Grunners 19:39, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

'' No; nor does it make sense to say "One of the few in the country (there is another at St Andrew's in Holt, Norfolk)". Obviously there is another, presumably several others, to make up "a few". Afterbrunel (talk) 13:57, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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Record temperature
Asking this rather than start an edit war: Surely the previous record temperature was the 40.2C at Heathrow that same day, not the 2019 record? OGBC1992 (talk) 17:04, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

Perhaps "previous" needs to be interpreted to mean "on an earlier date" because otherwise we could have an unmanageable flurry of hundreds of records being set and broken on the same day, which would be particularly daft when it can take a week or so for temperature measurements to be properly reported and validated. Lingvano (talk) 21:05, 19 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coningsby


text: Category:Inflammations

title: Category:Inflammations


text:
Category talk:Undead

Rework this Category?
I plan to be adding to this category, but I have a question. There's a subcategory, "fictional undead." Very very few undead (namely ghosts) have any hint of possible merit to their existence, and even that is ignored by most of the scientific community. Thus, I propose this section be rethought.

Perhaps categories such as Spirits (ghosts, poltergeists), Reanimated Corpses (zombies, mummies, skeletons), and Other (undead constructs, etc).

Input? --Fourthgeek 22:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * "Fictional undead" refers to undead that were created for works of fiction, as opposed to the other contents of the category, which refer to undead beings that have been believed or alleged to exist at some point. Some people believe that vampires are real, but nobody (sane) believes that Lestat or Dracula are real.  The other "Fictional [whatever]" categories follow similar guidelines (for example, Category:Fictional ghosts versus Category:Ghosts, or Category:Fictional magicians versus Category:Occultists and Category:Magicians).  I think the subdivisions you've suggested basically boil down to "ghosts" and "not ghosts"; as I see it, non-corporeal spirits should go into Category:Ghosts, and the others should go into this category or a more appropriate subcategory.  -Sean Curtin 06:09, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, good. Thanks for that. And yes, after looking over the undead page, it seems that they've already organized them by corporeal and incorporeal, so it's good to stick with that theme. Whether or not to make the incorporeal types under the "ghost" category is a bit ambiguous, because many ghosts and spirits are not neccessarily undead, many are purported to be manifestations of living beings, or many other things. I think it probably best to keep it simple though, and list non-corporeals under Ghosts, and let the individual pages sort out any discrepancies. Oftentimes the parapsychologists dispute over such points anyways. --Fourthgeek 07:10, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Undead


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Toon Zone

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus, so keep --Allen3 talk 01:09, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Toon Zone
Non notable, just another webforum, also appears to be unencyclopedic and very POV. Jtkiefer T - 22:09, July 25, 2005 (UTC) Keep - The whole "notable members" thing started out as a joke that got carried away. Plus, this article's been here for a while without being nominated for deletion. Plus, Toon Zone is not just another webforum. It's where most people go for reliable animation news, not to mention information from professionals themselves. --Beau99 22:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: Alexa rank 15,900. Google gives 900 inbound links, Google groups gives 3500 hits.  Forums seem very active for their size: 18,000 registered users, 7000 of them "active", 150 visiting the site in the last 15 minutes. --Carnildo 23:28, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is hardly encyclopedic. — Trilobite (Talk) 01:03, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I was prepared to vote keep on this, so I went to Google to find information to bolster my vote, but found that, although Google says there are "about 53,600" hits, it turns out that, in fact, there are only 28 unique hits, and, of those, except for Wikipedia there are only 7 sites which mention "Toon Zone" which are not toonzone.net -- and one of those is toonzone.com.au. There are, however, many more hits on Yahoo! search.  Over 1000 hits from Yahoo!, which is the limit that Yahoo! returns.  Therefore, I vote Keep.  John Barleycorn 04:58, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I forgot to check yahoo search, I've become too accustomed to using google for searching for everything, thanks for reminding me to use more than search engine when checking links, even though I don't agree that a fair number of links on a search engine equals notability. Jtkiefer  T - 07:13, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Good point, but Toon Zone's forum has many active members (right now, 6,983), and 232 people have visited it in the last 15 minutes. Not to mention they have animation professionals (voice actors, producers, etc.) go there from time to time. Wouldn't that be notable to you? --Beau99 14:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 08:29, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

KEEP IT its my fault i did this please dont delete it. Its IMO the greatest website ever!
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Rmanocha

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:10, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Thoughtful conservatism listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Thoughtful conservatism. Since you had some involvement with the Thoughtful conservatism redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. BDD (talk) 14:38, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rmanocha


text:
Tracy Caulkins

Tracy Anne Stockwell, OAM, (born January 11, 1963), née Tracy Anne Caulkins, is an American former competition swimmer, three-time Olympic gold medalist, five-time world champion, and former world record-holder in three events.

Caulkins was noted for her versatility and ability in all four major competitive swimming strokes: the butterfly, breaststroke, backstroke and freestyle. Caulkins won forty-eight national championships and set American records in all four strokes over a range of distances as well as in the individual medley (IM) events, which combine all four strokes over the course of a single race. Her versatility brought Caulkins many titles and awards, and as a result she is considered one of the greatest swimmers of all time. By the time she retired from competitive swimming in 1984, Caulkins had set five world records and sixty-three American records (more than any other American swimmer, male or female).

Early years
Caulkins was born in Winona, Minnesota in 1963. She swam for the Westside Victory Swim club and later the Nashville Aquatic Club (NAC) in Nashville, Tennessee, where she was trained by future University of Texas and U.S. Olympic coach Paul Bergen. For her high school education, she attended the all-girls Harpeth Hall School in Nashville. Caulkins' older sister Amy was also a competition swimmer and water polo player.

Olympic desire

As a 9-year-old, Caulkins had been training as a swimmer for a little over a year when she watched the 1972 Munich Olympics on television, and decided that she wanted to swim in the Olympics and win a gold medal. In a 1997 interview, Caulkins credited her Olympic dream as her inspiration and motivation.

Thirteen-year-old Caulkins competed in her first U.S. national swimming championships in 1976. A year later, she returned to the 1977 U.S. Short-Course Championships to set U.S. records in the 200-yard and 400-yard individual medley events. She set a third U.S. record while finishing second behind Canadian swimmer Robin Corsiglia in the 100-yard breaststroke.

At the age of 15, Caulkins won five gold medals and a silver medal at the 1978 World Championships in West Berlin. She won the 200-meter individual medley, the 400-meter individual medley, and the 200-meter butterfly, and was a member of the winning U.S. teams in the 4×100-meter medley relay, and the 4×100-meter freestyle relay. In the process, she set four world records and one American record. Largely as a result of her performance in Berlin, Caulkins won the 1978 James E. Sullivan Award, given by the Amateur Athletic Union in recognition of the most outstanding American amateur athlete of the year. At 15 years old, she was the youngest-ever recipient of the Sullivan Award.

She followed her World Championship success with a series of dominating finishes in U.S. competition. At the 1979 U.S. Short-Course Championships in East Los Angeles, California, she set five U.S. records in the 100-yard breaststroke, 500-yard freestyle, the 400-yard individual medley, the 200-yard individual medley, and the 100-yard freestyle on the first leg of the 400-yard relay. She also helped her club team, Nashville Aquatic, win the 400-yard medley relay and place second in the 800-yard freestyle relay. Despite setting the new records, however, she was not at her physical best; she was suffering from the after-effects of a viral infection. Three months later, she won four gold medals and two silvers at the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Following her gold-medal performance at the 1978 World Championship, Caulkins was expected to win multiple medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR, and qualified to compete in five individual events at the U.S. Olympic Trials, and likely would have been selected as a member of one of the relay teams as well. However, the U.S. Olympic team and 65 other nations boycotted the 1980 Games following the Soviet Union's 1979 invasion of Afghanistan. Caulkins' dream of Olympic gold was deferred by war and politics, so she quietly looked ahead to 1984.

As an 18-year-old high school senior, she set four American short-course records at the 1981 U.S. Short-Course Championships in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In each of the four events, she bettered her own previously set American record: the 100-yard breaststroke, 200-yard backstroke, the 200-yard individual medley, and the 400-yard individual medley.

Over the next three years, Caulkins maintained her training regimen while attending the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where she swam for coach Randy Reese's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1982 to 1984. Caulkins followed her older sister Amy to the University of Florida, where Amy was already an established member of the Florida Gators swim team. With Caulkins leading the way as a freshman, the Gators won the NCAA team championship in 1982; the Gators finished second in 1983 and third in 1984. Individually, in three years as a Gator swimmer, she won sixteen NCAA championships and twelve Southeastern Conference (SEC) individual titles, and received twenty-one All-American honors. She was the SEC's Female Swimmer of the Year in 1983 and 1984, and was recognized as the SEC's Female Athlete of the Year in 1984. She was the recipient of the Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving for three consecutive years, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year.

At the 1982 U.S. Short-Course Championships in Gainesville, the 19-year-old again won national championships in the 200-yard backstroke, 400-yard individual medley, the 200-yard individual medley, and the 100-yard breaststroke. With thirty-nine national championships to date, Caulkins surpassed the legendary Johnny Weissmuller's record total of thirty-six.

Even as she continued to win against fellow Americans in 1982 and 1983, however, she was slumping and falling behind her international competition. She set no new international records, and was increasingly frustrated with her own performances. At the 1982 World Championships in Guayaquil, Ecuador, she finished a distant third in both the 200-meter and 400-meter individual medley events against her East German competition, and failed to place in the third event in which she was entered. At the 1983 U.S. Long-Course Championships in Fresno, California, she finished five seconds slower than her own American record in the 400-meter individual medley and finished second behind Mary T. Meagher in the 200-meter butterfly. At the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela, held later the same month, she likewise won her two signature events in the 200-meter and 400-meter individual medley, but did not approach her own personal bests.

Afterward, Caulkins rededicated herself to coach Randy Reese's rigorous training methods. In an international invitational meet of 26 nations held in Austin, Texas in January 1984, she defeated her East German rivals in both individual medley events. At the NCAA national championships later that spring, she won four individual titles in the 200- and 400-yard individual medleys, 100-yard breaststroke, and 200-yard butterfly, and was a member of the Gators' winning relay teams in the 4×100-yard and 4×200-yard freestyle events. She set new NCAA records in three events, and a new American record in the 200-yard individual medley.

At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, Caulkins served as the captain of the U.S. women's swim team, and finally realized her childhood dream of winning an Olympic gold medal. On July 29, she won her first gold medal in the 400-meter individual medley, beating Australian Suzie Landells by over nine seconds. On August 3, she won her second gold medal in the 200-meter individual medley with an Olympic record time of 2:12.64, besting fellow American Nancy Hogshead by over two and a half seconds. And later that same day, she won her third gold medal by swimming the breaststroke leg as a member of the winning U.S. team in the 400-meter medley relay, together with teammates Theresa Andrews (backstroke), Mary T. Meagher (butterfly), and Nancy Hogshead (freestyle). She also finished fourth in the 100-meter breaststroke, one second behind winner Petra van Staveren.

Caulkins ended her competition swimming career having set five world records and sixty-three American records, and having won forty-eight national championship titles.

Life after competition swimming
In the aftermath of the 1984 Olympics, the 21-year-old Caulkins decided to forgo her senior year of NCAA eligibility at the University of Florida to focus on completing her degree requirements, and announced her retirement from competition swimming. She graduated from Florida with her bachelor's degree in broadcasting in 1985, and was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great." Caulkins was inducted into the Florida Sports Hall of Fame in 1983, the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1990, and the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame in 1996.

She married Mark Stockwell, an Olympic Swimming Medalist from Australia and a fellow University of Florida alumnus, and has lived in Australia since shortly after graduating from the University of Florida. They live in Queensland, Australia with their five children.

Caulkins is now an American-Australian dual citizen. In 2008, she was recognized, under her married name, Tracy Anne Stockwell, "For service to sport as an administrator and proponent of sporting opportunities for women" with the Medal of the Order of Australia by the Australian government. After receiving the medal, the American transplant described herself as "one proud Australian."

World records
Women's 200-meter butterfly

Women's 200-meter individual medley

Women's 400-meter individual medley

Women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay

Note: All record times and locations are sourced to USA Swimming's list of world records.

title: Tracy Caulkins


text:
User:Sina~enwiki/Reclaim the Public Domain

To: Director of Computing Center, Sharif University of Technology
We, as long term Iranian Movie And Music (IMAM) fans, would like to express our concern in that the new limitation on in- and out-going connections of the world-wide network leads to a further decrese of

We would like to stress that a "T" rating is in order and all allegations should be looked at properly. So we, as fans, would like The Sims 2 to remain "T" rated and with regards to the "unblurred bits", those are not included in the game file, you need a nude hack to see specific details. We all sign this to keep the "T" rating and to show our full support to EA and Maxis...do not ban the Sims 2!


text:
User talk:Shanegilliam

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:12, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shanegilliam


text:
User talk:Stevekaw

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:12, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Paraphrasing
Just a quick note to say that your paraphrasing of the Westinghouse Electronic Systems official history is, in my opinion, not thorough enough and could even be described as a copyright violation. The changes seem to amount to integrating the headings (years) into the text, changing the tense of several words and changing instances of "company" to "division". For example the section below is from the Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems article, I've highlighted in bold the characters that are different from the original:
 * Westinghouse more than doubled its manufacturing area in its Baltimore location to accommodate production of the then highly-secret SCR-270 aircraft warning radar. In 1941, an SCR-270 radar detected the December 7th attack on Pearl Harbor; its warnings went unheeded because of high-level uncertainty about the new technology's reliability. The first ground-based radar built for the Army Signal Corps, the SCR-270 proves to be the only model to stay in action throughout all of World War II.

Also, even if the paraphrasing was satisfactory, you should still have referenced the Northrop Grumman website. Mark83 22:02, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for getting back to me, though I'm not sure you got my point. As far as I can tell the text you added came from Northrop Grumman's website and is copyrighted by them. Therefore you cannot just lift whole sections and add them to an article. Regards Mark83 19:26, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevekaw


text:
User talk:DonBruce

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 22:13, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

Votes for deletion/List of Colditz Castle staff
Welcome, ! I noticed that you placed a vote on Votes for deletion/List of Colditz Castle staff. Participation in the community is encouraged, of course, but your status as a brand new user means that your vote might not be counted. Please understand that this is a common practice on Wikipedia, and that it is necessary to prevent deliberate misuse of our voting systems. Straw polls on Wikipedia are meant to measure community consensus, and should not necessarily be taken as literal one-member one-vote voting. However, please do make further contributions to Wikipedia, and express your opinion on policy matters. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:27, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

User Page
Hey, it's nice to see you finally make a user page. Just thought I'd say hi. Cheers. -- Lord Vold e  mort  (Dark Mark)  14:41, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you Lord Voldemort. It is great to be here! DonBruce 16:26, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Survivor
I see you've been adding a lot of information about the current series of Survivor to the Survivor (TV series) article. Were you aware there is a seperate Survivor: Guatemala article? Generally information about the indivdual series go in the specific articles and only information about the series as a whole goes in the main article. MK2 18:07, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

I searched for articles on the individual Survivor games at one point, but did not find them, even though I knew that there were separate articles for each separate game for most of the other reality TV shows. I'll remove my list for Survivor: Guatamala. Thank you for the information. DonBruce 19:59, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Harry Potter
RHB(AWB) 21:24, 30 December 2006 (UTC), on behalf of WPHarry Potter

Camp Albuquerque
Hi Don, Thank you for contributing so much to the article on the Camp Albuquerque POW camp. I wanted to let you know that I am working on the article as part of the wikification project -- something editors do to improve the structure of an article. With your expertise on the topic, I would recommend keeping special watch of this page to make sure the information stays accurate in case any editors make a mistake. Thanks, Guroadrunner 05:39, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

"Harry Potter Further Reading" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Harry Potter Further Reading and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 March 31 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 18:53, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:DonBruce


text:
Talk:March of the Penguins

Accuracy?
Is this article accurate? It says that the breeding ground is closer to the open water at the start of the summer than at the end of it. The only way I know of for that to happen in that part of the world is for ice to form... which is surely going to happen in the winter rather than in the summer. It just seems wrong to me! Mawich 16:17, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

In the southern hemisphere the cold season is the summer while the winter is the warm season. I believe this article is accurate. --Otije 14:04, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Wrong! The article Summer says: Summer is a season, defined by convention in meteorology as the whole months of June, July, and August, in the Northern hemisphere, and the whole months of December, January, and February, in the Southern hemisphere. --Keeves 16:35, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

OK, you are right, sorry about that.--Otije 09:13, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

"At the beginning of Antarctic summer, the breeding ground is only a few hundred meters away from the open water where the penguins can feed. However, by the end of summer, the breeding ground is over 100 km away from the nearest open water"

This article is using "summer" for "time when it is warmest in this area". The chicks dive in to the water for the first time at the end of the coldest part of the year, when almost all of the ice has melted. The adults start another breeding cycle in the fall, when summer is over and quite a bit of ice has re-frozen. --kd 26mar06

It doesn't seem like this discussion reached a conclusion, and the text is still the same. Since common sense says the ice is thicker at the end of winter, and I believe that the movie states incubation is over the winter, I would think this should be changed unless someone has a reference to the contrary. And, the text now specifically says "Antartic summer", so there should be no confusion over northern hemisphere seasons. Walt 18:41, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Name
Isn't the name of this movie just March of the Penguins, without the The in front of it? Thunderbrand 03:58, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * The US version is. I believe the native French title is "La Marche de l'empereur" - The. I'm not sure which would be proper for the article title since this is technically a French film. Need more discussion here.. ?? K1Bond007 04:05, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Dunno...it's just that all the posters have it as March of the Penguins, so I thought it was odd when I saw the article. Thunderbrand 04:13, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * La Marche de l'empereur seems better. That is its original title and other foreign films here(Bande à part) go by their original langugage title here and on the imdb. On the other hand many foreign language titles here are in English(Shichinin no samurai ), but not on imdb.Case 05:02, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * My vote is to keep it with its English title and redirect the french title here. This is the english wikipedia, not the french version. Most users will look for it as "March of the Penguins".  If this was the french wikipedia, i'd change the title myself to the french one.  Another example of an article that follows this precident is Run Lola Run.  Its real name in Germany, where it was produced, is Lola rennt, but when a search to that title is done on the english wikipedia, the search is redirected to the english title.  Therefore, I say, keep the english title. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 20:55, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Hey, I'm French and I fully agree with Ze Wresteler. The name of the film in English-Speaking countries is "March of the Penguins", so why bother with the French title ? After all, American films released in Europe also have translated titles.
 * Naming conventions (films)A discussion on the talk page there ended with using the imdb name as the article title. Redirects from English titles and other titles will all point there as a movie can have several different titles. Also the english title is only March of the Penguins.Case 04:33, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well at the very least I think this page should be moved to March of the Penguins. I'm not sure which way I lean in the foreign title vs English title discussion here, but I know "The March.." is incorrect. K1Bond007 16:05, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

i really dont know how to express my thoughts and feelings of this documentary but i really think that this film reflects the grace and glory wisdom of God who designed his creature in an amazing way that really shows how God does really exist "for those who believe in the evolution thing", the film shows the intimate relationship between the family members and how they are ready to make sacrifice for the sake of each other. they live the true meaning of love..... i was really astonished when i watched the documentary... and now i do believe in the strenght and ultimate power and love of god who creat us in a really special way to make us different from any other living things in order to thank him every day, and believe in him, god sacrificed his son in order to save us. "i can do every thing through him w gives me strenght"
 * Please refrain from personnal opinions about the film.

Score
The article says Emilie Simon, but I have the CD and it says Alex Wurman. The front cover insert has the credits for the score and doesn't list an Emilie Simon. Did they use two seperate scores for the different language versions?
 * The French version (original version) of the movie as the score written and interpreted by Emilie Simon. Lebel 01:22, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

huh?
"Penguins are a proof of Intelligent Design"? wtf? why penguins in particular? is this some oblique potshot at creationists, or have they really completely lost it now? I know penguins are gods instrument to save the world from the clutches of Microsoft, but that's another story
 * Bah, just think a little. The argument is simple - how in the world could such a species evolve? From what prior species would they evolve from? There aren't any others that can do what they can do, and it's hard to see how they got started. Loose any trait and they die - they appear to have evolved as a whole complete package, which is contrary to the theory. So only God (Intelligent Design is a weasel word, if you belive in God then say so) could have created them.
 * And to respond to George Will's stupid question of why would God have created such an animal the answer is easy: to prove that he can, to inspire you, and to make you marvel at what he did. Why do you think he created such a plethora of creatures on earth, or so such a huge universe? source and and some more, including about ET life. PS. Would you want to worship a puny unimpressive creator? 67.165.96.26 06:54, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Um. They would evolve from, say, birds that can actually fly.  If someone did indeed make the argument that penquins pose a problem for evolution, or that they were an example of irreducible complexity, it was indeed a "simple" argument...in the sense of being uninformed or stupid. - Nunh-huh 07:01, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * And I'm sure they could live in -80 degree weather. It's the cold, and especially the unique method of caring for an egg that is the issue, not the lack of wings.
 * How could such an egg instinct evolve? Why would a penguin do it (i.e. be selected for it) if it wasn't cold out. And if it was cold out (to enable natural selection), how could it survive until it started?
 * And the father/mother rearing method is yet enother topic: did both a female and a male happen to evolve at the same time, with the same instinct? If not, how did it breed and care for an egg (in the cold) until then? Why would it bother evolving this method if there wasn't a need for it, and if there was a need how did it survive the cold until then? 67.165.96.26 07:33, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Gradual climate change would be a more than adequate explanation. You really need to study evolution before you presume to cry "gotcha!" at it. - Nunh-huh 07:36, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * What gradual climate change? There wasn't any in Antarctica. All climate changes found by core samples have been abrupt and sudden, and none lasted long enough for evolution to happen.
 * Most penguins live in warm areas, like New Zealand. Nobody is saying that penguins evolved solely in Antarctica. Much more likely, some populations of penguins gradually spread southward, adapting to the colder temperatures as they did so. 80.235.57.239 (talk) 22:34, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Well anyway I hope this answers the original question posted by unsigned. 67.165.96.26 17:10, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think it makes the quality of the argument quite clear. - Nunh-huh 18:08, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I haven't studied Antartica in detail but as with Nunh I highly doubt your thesis that there has been no climate change in Antartica. Are you telling me the temperature Antartica during the last ice age was the same as it is now? Also, there is no reason to assume the penguin's evolution happened in response to climate change. It may have been that the penguin slowly 'moved' southward, perhaps force in that direction by competition. There are other flaws in your arguments. Female and males evolved as seperate sex a LONG LONG LONG time before some bird evolved into being a penguin. Birds, and possibly dinosaurs evolved the joint rearing of offspring long before penguins... Nil Einne 14:14, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

Antarctica WASN'T always a big mass of ice. In dinosaur times, it was all forest, so perhaps prehistoric penguins just decided to stay put and evolve instead of move out. 87.80.28.20 18:48, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Narration/Dub
It appears that the French version has "dubbed" Penguin narration, while the English one has replaced this by more traditional commentary. I've laid hands on the French version and can confirm the former. This should merit a mention in the article. --Kizor 16:20, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't understand the current text: "The French language release had narration "dubbed" as if it was spoken by the penguins..." - is this a special version? Did they release a proper/serious version in French, and then later bring out this "dubbed" version with comedians?  If this "as if it was spoken by penguins" version is the only French version, could someone add a one line explanation of how this was doing without making a farce of the film?  (or if the original version was a farce, that too should be noted.)  Thanks. Gronky 13:11, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * My understanding is the French version, which is the original version had the penguin 'voices' removed and instead a French language dubbing of what the penguins were supposedly saying Nil Einne 13:58, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I still can't make sense of this. When you say that one version "had the penguin 'voices' removed", what was removed?
 * the noises that the penguins make through their beaks?
 * penguin-like noises which were made by humans and added (and then removed)
 * narration in french with penguin-like accents (whatever that would sound like), talking in the first person ("Oh, I'm cold, but I must walk to the water for food"), which were added (and then removed)

 * Another question which could make things clearer is: are their two French versions? Thanks for any further clarification. Gronky 14:20, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

For the DVD release there were three people doing the commentary, a man, representing the male penguin, a woman representing the female penguin and a boy representing the chick. The narration is timed so that it seems to be what the penguins are thinking at the moment of the story. I think they are trying to make the story more personal, and less of a cold-scientist-studying-penguins thing.

how great HE is
i really dont know how to express my thoughts and feelings of this documentary but i really think that this film reflects the grace and glory wisdom of God who designed his creature in an amazing way that really shows how God does really exist "for those who believe in the evolution thing", the film shows the intimate relationship between the family members and how they are ready to make sacrifice for the sake of each other. they live the true meaning of love..... i was really astonished when i watched the documentary... and now i do believe in the strenght and ultimate power and love of god who creat us in a really special way to make us different from any other living things in order to thank him every day, and believe in him, god sacrificed his son in order to save us. "i can do every thing through him w gives me strenght"
 * Did you happen to read this part of the wikipedia article:
 * The film has created some political and social anthromorphic commentary. Michael Medved praised the film for promoting conservative family values. This led to responses by others, including Andrew Sullivan, pointing out that penguins are not monogamous from year to year and (at least in captivity) have a tendency toward homosexual and bisexual behavior. Other commentators such as Matt Walker have pointed out that many penguin 'adoptions' of chicks are in fact kidnappings, that weak chicks are frequently the victims of infanticide, that alibino penguins are ostracised and attacked and that prostitution is practiced by at least one species of penguins [2] (New Scientist, October 1). In a response to commentary that the penguins were proof of intelligent design, George Will commented, why would an intelligent designer have penguins raise chicks in minus 80 degree Fahrenheit temperatures? Many commentators including Matt Walker and Andrew Sullivan [3] have suggested that trying to compare human behavior with animal behavior is a mistake. Nil Einne 14:25, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think the original comment must have been parody, because I find it impossible to believe that somebody would have sufficient intelligence to form a coherent sentence yet such inadequate reasoning that they could write such guff.
 * While we're at it, aren't the 'sturdy' eggs which 'prove' Creationism in the religious' eyes actually pretty fragile? --Safe-Keeper 15:22, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

New Scientist link
I have added a link to a New Scientist commentary by Andrew Walker. Being New Scientist, it is of course subscriber only but I have also listed the issue it came from so you can also look it up in the original magazine. I know many people dislike links to content not publicly available but I feel it summarises several other key arguments against using penguins as moral compasses and in the absence of an alternative, I think it should stay. Nil Einne 14:20, 30 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you mean Matthew Walker. Difficulty of access is not a reason for deleting a reference, though it seems your citation was tampered with between 2005 and 2008.  I found a copy of the article in a periodicals database accessible free-of-charge to many people with a college or municipal library card. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 12:41, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Techno music?
I've been told that the French version had, in addition to the human dubbing, a techno soundtrack. Is that true? 24.192.17.34 05:47, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Partially true. The French soundtrack is more pop than techno, and has vocals. You can listen to clips on the amazon.fr page:  Polpo 22:19, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Urbanus
I've changed the name of the Dutch narrator back from Urbain Servranckx into Urbanus. That's how he's best known in Belgium and the Netherlands, and besides: that's the title of his article, too. Oliphaunt 22:57, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

FA suggestion
I'm curious, does anyone think we can bring this article up to FA status? -- ZeWrestler  Talk 13:53, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Ice break up
The article says "... so that there is no danger of the ice becoming too soft to support the colony, or chicks falling into the water before they develop a waterproof coat ...". I know this is just the plot of a film but in real life Emperor colonies can loose the entire years chicks when the ice breaks up early. I have seen it happen in summer 1995/96 on the Weddell sea. If the article was about Emperor penguins I would track down a reference and note this in the main text but as it is just a plot this is probably less important. Maybe the colony they filmed is in an especially safe bay but it is misleading. Should the main text be changed in some way to note this? --Mtpaley 12:08, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Chicks playing
Just a minor observation, the title on "Marchofthepenguins baby.jpg" is "Penguin chicks playing.", I have spent many hours around emperor penguin colonies at all times of year and I have never seen chicks playing. Once they leave the brood pouches they just stand around occasionally flapping their wings. They often huddle with other chicks but nothing you could call play. I must admit that I have not seen the film but if it does show chicks playing then it is probably carefull filming+editing. I am not suggesting changing the article but given the overly serious nature of this discussion people should remember that it is just a film and they really are just birds. --Mtpaley 12:18, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I know I'm responding to a decades-old comment, but "they really are just birds" and birds really do play. I haven't spent any time with Emperor Penguin colonies, but I spend a large amount of time photographing baby birds in the spring, and most of them engage in obvious play. If the reason for believing that they are not playing when they are "stand[ing] around occasionally flapping their wings [and] huddl[ing] with other chicks" is that "people should remember that... they really are just birds" then that basically proves irrational anti-bird bias. It may be that the climate they are born into renders their play somewhat subdued and opaque to outsiders.76.105.216.34 (talk) 19:51, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Predator Bird?
What was that bird that tried to kidnap and eat one of the chicks?

It has been tentatively identified on bird watcher sites as the atartic skua, which does prey on penguin colony chicks. Sandwich Eater 15:27, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Does the predator bird section belong like that in the article. i think we can do something else with it. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 14:41, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

I honestly dont think that the predator bird in this film could be a skua, it's clearly a tube-nose (procellariiformes) like a petrel/albatross. It also has a similar wing shape to an albatross (which is what I thought it was to start with).

Have a look at the giant petrels mentioned on wikipedia-if you go to the 'emperor penguin' page, there is a link to the antarctic giant petrel, of which there are similar light and dark phases to skuas. But there's no way that beast is a skua-skuas for a start can land without falling on their beaks!

importance
I would say this is a mid level personally it was a pretty big film DPM 18:53, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Why The Change?
alright, i've been looking around, but i can't find out why the choice was made to remove Émilie Simon's music and replace it with Wurman's. is that information available anywhere? Whateley23 16:52, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Good article status
Please help add more references to this article so we can achieve GA-Class. —Viriditas | Talk 12:38, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

The Emperor's Journey
How about The Emperor's Journey? It is international English title. How should it be mentioned in the article? I know the film from this title, and I believe many do so outside the US, apart from original French name. IMDB mentions this name as well. -- KINKKU  •  ANANAS  10:47, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Which countries used the title The Emperor's Journey in English? --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 12:49, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

Recent rewrite
Recently, 68.33.149.36 rewrote the subject matter section of the article. After reading it over, it appears to be on the POV side to me. The rewrite has some obvious problems with it, but rather than just revert it, I figured I'd get some second opinions on it to see what others think. Should we keep it, fix it up, and add back material the anon user took out, or revert it back? Any suggestions/comments? -- ZeWrestler  Talk 16:52, 11 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok, Per second opinion from John Carter I have reverted the article to pre anon editor changes.-- ZeWrestler  Talk 18:03, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

excessively exposed to human pheromones?
This section was added to the article today by an unregistered user:
 * '' Ironically, the production of the film itself also had unforeseen tragic consequences; all the penguins appearing in the documentary were excessively exposed to human pheromones, and were subsequently ostracized from their tribe. This led to the vast majority of the birds failing to survive the subsequent winter.

P Porter has at least 2 articles in issues of that journal in 2006, available in several online databases. The one mentioning the film in the title is: Unfortunately I don't have access to either of those databases. I would like to see a full citation and a brief quotation before this is returned to the article, as I think that to do otherwise would not be in the spirit of the BLP policy.
 * http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=187033820&ETOC=RN
 * http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/saa/2006/00000014/00000002/art00005

--Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 12:44, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Note: hoax edits were made to other articles by that IP address today. See:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/98.124.159.213

--Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 14:37, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

Environmental message
''This message, and the fact that the film's trailers and promotions do not mention the "green" dimension to the movie, has led to criticism from conservative reviewers for what they see as propaganda, which could in fact be the plot-twist that caps the storyline, films not generally revealing their ending in trailers. Filming a movie that has an environmental message aimed at children has provoked some controversy, although it might be overly emphatic. Critics of the film include Michael Medved [21], Neil Cavuto [22], and Glenn Beck [23].''

I don't think this is particularly balanced. There is a paragraph where it is said that there is an environmental message, then there is this paragraph where a few people are cited as being upset about the environmental message in the movie. Where are the (what I would expect to be vast majority of) people who are actually happy for a mild environmental message to be in a kids movie? By only picking three right-wing conservative religious Americans for their views on the environmental message we are placing undue weight on a minority opinion. Also "critics" is used incorrectly, because critics include positive and negative critics. Sad mouse 16:59, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Huh??? TotalIssueee (talk) 04:14, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

International Versions
Something appears to have gone wrong with the international versions section, launching into what appears to be a synopsis/plot of the film without preamble or a new subheading. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.140.146.240 (talk) 00:23, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Intelligent design argument
This is a quote from the article : ''"Author Susan Jacoby claims in her 2008 book, The Age of American Unreason (page 26), that the distributors of the movie deliberately avoided using the word "evolution" in order to avoid backlash from the American religious right, and writes, "As it happens, the emperor penguin is literally a textbook example, cited in college-level biology courses, of evolution by means of natural selection and random mutation. ... The financial wisdom of avoiding any mention of evolution was borne out at the box office"''

Now, does that Susan Jacoby have any evidence that the makers of this movie "deliberately" avoided using the word evolution? As a Frenchmen, I can tell you that in France there is no evolution/creationism debate. She may be over-analyzing the documentary through the lenses of an American. That's Americentrism. This documentary probably didn't mention evolution simply because it's obvious for a French audience. The makers probably didn't expect their documentary to be so successful abroad in the first place. What I'm saying is that the article may be giving too much importance to an analysis that this Susan Jacoby probably pulled out of nowhere.--Munin75 (talk) 01:21, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

 * They talk here about the distributors of the film (not the makers), so I gather that this hypothesis of deliberate avoiding of the word evolution was only targeting the American market. Do not forget that in the original French version, the commentary is made first-person as if the penguins were talking, and that it would quite inappropriate for the penguins to talk about evolution or other scientific matters.

 * But otherwise, I do agree that this article probably gives too much importance to the different "controversies". Cochonfou (talk) 10:15, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:March of the Penguins