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Market structure

Market structure, in economics, depicts how firms are differentiated and categorised based on the types of goods they sell (homogeneous/heterogeneous) and how their operations are affected by external factors and elements. Market structure makes it easier to understand the characteristics of diverse markets.

The main body of the market is composed of suppliers and demanders. Both parties are equal and indispensable. The market structure determines the price formation method of the market. Suppliers and Demanders (sellers and buyers) will aim to find a price that both parties can accept creating a equilibrium quantity.

Market definition is an important issue for regulators facing changes in market structure, which needs to be determined. The relationship between buyers and sellers as the main body of the market includes three situations: the relationship between sellers (enterprises and enterprises), the relationship between buyers (enterprises or consumers) and the relationship between buyers and sellers. The relationship between the buyer and seller of the market and the buyer and seller entering the market. These relationships are the market competition and monopoly relationships reflected in economics.

History
Market structure has been a topic of discussion for many economists like Adam Smith and Karl Marx who have strong conflicting viewpoints on how the market operates in presence of political influence. Adam Smith in his writing on economics stressed the importance of laissez-faire principles outlining the operation of the market in the absence of dominant political mechanisms of control, while Karl Marx discussed the working of the market in the presence of a controlled economy sometimes referred to as a command economy in the literature. Both types of market structure have been in historical evidence throughout the twentieth century and twenty-first century.

Market structure has been apparent throughout history due to its natural influence it has on markets, this can be based on the different contributing factors that market up each type of market structure.

Types
Based on the factors that decide the structure of the market, the main forms of market structure are as follows:

 * Perfect competition refers to a type of market where there are many buyers and sellers that feature free barriers to entry, dealing with homogeneous products with no differentiation, where the price is fixed by the market. Individual firms are price takers as the price is set by the industry as a whole. Example: Agricultural products which have many buyers and sellers, selling homogeneous goods where the price is determined by the demand and supply of the market and not individual firms. In the short run, a firm in a perfectly competitive market may gain profits or loss, but in the long run, due to the entry and exit of new firms, price will equal ATC in the long run, which is the lowest point of average total cost.
 * Imperfect Competition refers to markets where standards for perfect competition are not fulfilled (such as no barriers for entry and exit, homogeneous products and many buyers and sellers). All other types of competition come under imperfect competition.
 * Monopolistic competition, a type of imperfect competition where there are many sellers, selling products that are closely related but differentiated from one another (e.g. quality of products may differentiate) and hence they are not perfect substitutes. This market structure exists when there are multiple sellers who attempt to seem different from one another. Examples: toothpaste, soft drinks, clothing as they are all heterogeneous products with many buyers and sellers, no to low entry barriers but are different from each other due to quality, taste, or branding. Firms have partial control over the price as they are not price takers (due to differentiated products) or Price Makers (as there are many buyers and sellers).
 * Oligopoly refers to a market structure where only a small number of firms operate together control the majority of the market share. Firms are neither price takers or makers. Firms tend to avoid price wars by following price rigidity. They closely monitor the prices of their competitors and change prices accordingly. Oligopoly firms focus on quality and efficiency of their products to compete with other firms. Example: Network providers ( Entry barriers, Small number of sellers, many buyers, products can be homogeneous or differentiated). Three types of oligopoly. Due to the hallmark of oligopoly being the presence of strategic interactions among rival firms, the optimal business strategy of an enterprise can be studied through the thought of game theory. Under the logic of game theory, enterprises in oligopoly market have interdependent behavior. These actions are non-cooperative, each company is making decisions that maximize its own profits, and equilibrium is reached when all businesses are doing their best, taking into account the actions of their competitors.
 * Duopoly, a case of an oligopoly where two firms operate and have power over the market. Example: Aircraft manufactures: Boeing and Airbus. A duopoly in theory could have the same effect as a monopoly on pricing within a market if they were to collude on prices and or output of goods.
 * Oligopsony, a market where many sellers can be present but meet only a few buyers. Example: Cocoa producers
 * Cournot quantity competition, one of the first models of oligopoly markets was developed by Augustin Cournot in 1835. In Cournot’s model, there are two firms and each firm selects a quantity to produce, and the resulting total output determines the market price.
 * Bertrand Price Competition, Joseph Bertrand was the first to analyze this model in 1883. In Bertrand’s model, there are two firms and each firm selects a price to maximize its own profits, given the price that it believes the other firm will select.
 * Monopoly, where there is only one seller of a product or service which has no substitute. The firm is the price maker as they have control over the industry. There are high barriers to entry, which an incumbent would conduct entry-deterring strategies of keeping out entrants reaping additional profits for the company. Frank Fisher, a noticed antitrust economist has described monopoly power as “the ability to act in an unconstrained way,” such as increasing price or reducing quality. Example: Standard Oil (1870–1911)Under monopoly, monopoly firms can obtain excess profits through differential prices. According to the degree of price difference, price discrimination can be divided into three levels.
 * Natural monopoly, a monopoly in which economies of scale cause efficiency to increase continuously with the size of the firm. A firm is a natural monopoly if it is able to serve the entire market demand at a lower cost than any combination of two or more smaller, more specialized firms.
 * Or natural obstacles, such as the sole ownership of natural resources, De beers was a monopoly in the diamond industry for years.
 * Monopsony, when there is only a single buyer in a market. Discussion of monopsony power in the labor literature largely focused on the pure monopsony model in which a single firm comprised the entirety of demand for labor in a market (e.g., company town).

Features of market structures
The imperfectly competitive structure is quite identical to the realistic market conditions where some monopolistic competitors, monopolists, oligopolists, and duopolists exist and dominate the market conditions. The elements of Market Structure include the number and size of sellers, entry and exit barriers, nature of product, price, selling costs. Market structure can alter based on the new external factors, such as technology, consumer preferences and new entrants. Therefore, elements of Market Structure always stay the same but the importance of a single element may change making it more influential on the current structure.

Competition is useful because it reveals actual customer demand and induces the seller (operator) to provide service quality levels and price levels that buyers (customers) want, typically subject to the seller's financial need to cover its costs. In other words, competition can align the seller's interests with the buyer's interests and can cause the seller to reveal his true costs and other private information. In the absence of perfect competition, three basic approaches can be adopted to deal with problems related to the control of market power and an asymmetry between the government and the operator with respect to objectives and information: (a) subjecting the operator to competitive pressures, (b) gathering information on the operator and the market, and (c) applying incentive regulation.

The correct sequence of the market structure from most to least competitive is perfect competition, imperfect competition, oligopoly, and pure monopoly.

The main criteria by which one can distinguish between different market structures are: the number and size of firms and consumers in the market, the type of goods and services being traded, and the degree to which information can flow freely. In today's time, Karl Marx's theory about political influence on market makes sense as firms and industry are affected strongly by the regulation, taxes, tariffs, patents imposed by the government. These affect the barriers to entry and exit for the firms in the market.

Perfect competition:

1. There are many buyers and sellers in the market, and there is no fixed buying and selling relationship between them.

2. The products or services traded in the market are all the same without any difference.

3. There are no barriers to entry and exit from the market.

4. There are no trade secrets.

5. Capital resources and labour are easily transferable.

Monopolistic Competition:

There are a large number of enterprises, there are no restrictions on entering and exiting the market, and they sell different products of the same kind, and enterprises have a certain ability to control prices. Monopolies have complete market control as the barriers to entry are high and the threat of new entrants is low; therefore they can price set to their preference.

Oligopoly:

The number of enterprises is small, entry and exit from the market are restricted, product attributes are different, and the demand curve is downward sloping and relatively inelastic. Oligopolies are usually found in industries in which initial capital requirements are high and existing companies have strong foothold in market share.

Monopoly:

The number of enterprises is only one, access is restricted or completely blocked, and the products produced and sold are unique and cannot be replaced by other products. The company has strong control and influence over the price of the entire market.

Different market structures will also lead to different levels of social welfare. Generally speaking, as the degree of competition increases, the total social welfare measured by producer surplus plus consumer surplus will rise. The total surplus of perfect competition market is the highest. And the total surplus of imperfect competition market is lower. In the monopoly market, if the monopoly firm can adopt first-level price discrimination, the consumer surplus is zero and the monopoly firm obtains all the benefits in the market.

Importance of Market Structure
Market structure is important for a firms use as it motivations, decision making, opportunities. This will incur changes to current market standings affecting: market outcomes, price, availability and variety.

Market structure provides indication on potential opportunities and threats which can influence business to adapt there processes and operations in order to meet market structure requirements in order to stay competitive. For example being able to understand market structure will help to identify any product substitutability a foundation element of market structure analysis to then determine the best course of action.

Measure of market structure

 * N-firm concentration ratio, N-firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure. This gives the combined market share of the N largest firms in the market. For example, if the 5-firm concentration ratio in the United States smart phone industry is about .8, which indicates that the combined market share of the five largest smart phone sellers in the United states is about 80 percent.
 * Herfindahl index, The Herfindahl index defined as the sum of the squared market shares of all the firms in the market. Increases in the Herfindahl index generally indicate a decrease in competition and an increase of market power, vice versal. Generally, the Herfindahl index conveys more information than the N-firm concentration ratio.In general, this index can also measure the market concentration of the top n companies, and the impact of corporate mergers and acquisitions on the market structure. And although any relationship between Herfindahl index and concentration ratio can only provide a rough approximation, the estimation (prediction) of Herfindahl index becomes rapidly more accurate when given some of the largest market shares.

Besides market structure, many factors contribute to conduct and market performance. Market pressures are similarly evolving therefore when decision making based on market performance it is essential to assess all the circumstances affecting competition rather than rely solely on measures of market structure. Using a single measurement of market share can be misleading or inconclusive as only indicators are taken into account.

Different aspects that have been taken into account to measures the innovative advantage within particular market structures are: the size distribution of firms, the existence of certain barriers to entry, and the stage of industry in the product lifecycle. Creating another measure to determine the current market structure that can be used as evidence or to evaluate current market performance thus it can be used to forecast and determine future trends.

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Aaron Small

Aaron James Small (born November 23, 1971) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Small played in Major League Baseball for the Toronto Blue Jays, Florida Marlins, Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees, and Atlanta Braves from 1994 to 2006.

High school
Small attended South Hills High School in West Covina, California. Small was a 1st-team all-conference selection in baseball, and lettered in basketball. He graduated in 1989.

Small's high school baseball teammates included future major league players Jason Giambi, who he would later play with on the Athletics and Yankees, and Cory Lidle, as well as Jeremy Giambi. Small also played high school baseball with Shawn Wooten, who was on the 2002 World Series Angels team.

Professional career
Small was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 22nd round of the 1989 Major League Baseball Draft. He debuted for the Blue Jays in 1994, but was traded to the Florida Marlins in 1995 for minor leaguer Ernie Delgado. Over the next ten years, Small would split most of his time between Triple-A and the majors, with major league appearances for the Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, Atlanta Braves, and a second stint with the Marlins, before joining the Yankees.

In addition, Small was also a member of the Milwaukee Brewers, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Colorado Rockies and Anaheim Angels organizations, though he never pitched in the major leagues for those teams.

New York Yankees
Small began 2005 in the Yankees minor league system, pitching for the Double-A Trenton Thunder and Triple-A Columbus Clippers. Due to injuries, he was called up to the Yankees to fill in, making his first start on July 20, which he won.

Small recorded 10 major league victories without a loss. Small recorded his first major league complete game shutout, which came against the Oakland Athletics on September 3, 2005. His pitch count during the game was just over 110 and he struck out the last batter he faced, Dan Johnson, and Small received the baseball from catcher Jorge Posada as a remembrance.

Small was the first Yankees pitcher to win his first 9 decisions since Tommy John in 1979, and became just the fourth pitcher in history to win at least 10 games without a loss, joining Tom Zachary, Dennis Lamp, and Howie Krist. He finished the 2005 season 10–0 with a 3.20 earned run average and 37 strikeouts. He was re-signed to a one-year, $1.2 million contract during the off-season.

During 2006 spring training, Small injured his right hamstring. He missed the start of the season, but returned to the team on April 30, 2006. On June 17, 2006, Small was designated for assignment by the Yankees and was outrighted to Columbus.

Post-Yankees
On January 23, 2007, Small signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners. However, on May 18, 2007, he announced his retirement after being released by the Mariners.

Personal life and post-retirement
On August 2,, Small took part in the 62nd Annual Old-Timers' Day at Yankee Stadium. Six weeks prior, Small survived a bout with encephalitis that included a medically induced coma lasting eight days. He was again honored by the New York Yankees at Old Timers' Day on June 26, 2011, and July 1, 2012.

Small, along with his wife Macy, is a devout Christian. He is active in his church, Fairview Baptist Tabernacle in Sweetwater, Tennessee.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aaron Small


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Michael Krasny (businessman)

Michael Krasny (born 1952/1953) is an American billionaire businessman from Illinois. He is the founder and former chief executive officer of CDW Corporation, a direct seller of technical gadgets including computers and networking equipment.

Early life
Krasny grew up in a Jewish family in Illinois. He graduated from the University of Illinois Gies College of Business in 1975. He worked as a Toyota car salesman at his father's auto dealership in Arlington Heights, Illinois. In 1981, he quit his job as a car salesman and took some classes in computer programming but being unsuccessful in finding steady work, Krasny was forced to sell his own computer for cash. He placed a $3 ad in the Chicago Tribune and ended up selling his computer for a $200 profit.

Career and retirement
Seeing the great demand for computers, Krasny began buying computers to resell them eventually forming MPK Computers. A year later he changed the name to Computer Discount Warehouse (CDW) and steadily grew the business. In 1993, he took CDW public. Krasny retired in 2007 after selling the company to Madison Dearborn Partners for $7.3 billion. According to Forbes, his first caller from 1982 was still a customer as of 2000. Since 2009, as a hobby, Krasny has operated a woodworking shop in Northbrook, Illinois called Custom Woodworking Design, making plaques and awards.

Personal life
Krasny is married, with one child. He lives with his family in Highland Park, Illinois.

title: Michael Krasny (businessman)


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Talk:Mental image

Overhaul Needed
This page may reflect dated opinions on Mental Imagery from a psychological perspective. This page seems to describe Visual Imagery - visual experiences in the mind which are detached from current perceptual information. Mental Imagery is now a term used to describe apperceptive mental experiences of any sensory modality. I am not sure if this is also the case in Philosophy. Separate pages may be required if the two fields use the term differently. --TooManyFunFacts (talk) 09:31, 14 June 2023 (UTC)

Images and copyright
I was very disappointed by the lack of graphics in this article, key to a good encyclopedic entry. I suppose this must be due to a lack of uncopyrighted mental images. Does anyone have access to one, preferably in some lossless format, that they can release into the public domain? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.130.80.84 (talk) 22:40, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Norman's work on design
I would agree Don Norman's work on design is more suited for a mental models wikipage than mental image. --Wikivangelist 06:01, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Added a section on experimental psychology and mental imagery in which I tried to pick up on the introspective and philosophical issues and show how the recent mental imagery evidence from congitive science has tried to address the philosophical issue(though I believe it has only pushed it back a bit). I also added a link to the mental rotation page, and created a mental imagery page that points both there and here. --Wikivangelist 06:01, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

NPOV: Anthropocentric
I tried to address this concern, albeit briefly, by changing "a defining characteristic of the human species" to "a central characteristic ..." Though we are still focused on the human aspects of mental images, perhaps by adding the section on psychology and mental imagery, which has strong historical connections in neuroscience to the neural motor images of the body that were first found in animals such as frogs, that will defuse this concern a bit... though I didn't want to work that data in since we were focused mostly on human experiments. Can we remove it now? or should we add a section toward the end on mental images in animals? I can draft one if there is demand. --Wikivangelist 06:01, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

---

This article is anthropocentric and, thus, high-POV. It presumes, unempirically, that imagination is a biological capability unique to the brains of Homo sapiens. Ringbang 17:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I can't dispute that it is anthropocentric, but short of deleting the whole thing, how would you suggest it is changed?

The insight that other creatures --- dolphins, doigs, earthworms, bacteria, etc --- might have mental images too is not very interesting philosophically, because we can't -- so far -- communicate with them in order to find out.

Most of my ideas about this come from my philosophy degree from 20 years ago, and from reading Richard Dawkins, so I'm probably guilty as charged for being anthropocentric.

This was an early contribution of mine, -- I picked it up from a clean up request I think -- I'm not particularly proud of it, so if you think it should be changed or binned then go ahead.

all discussion welcome Thruston 19:14, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

was section Ok thanks for the input...

... but let's keep the original para (which is derived from Deutsch) as well and present both views.

Thruston 17:54, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Do people still think the page is NPOV due to anthropocentricity? If so, what edits need to be made?  It seems to me that it's only the opening sentence, which is weak enough to deserve a rewrite regardless.

 * What research/writing has been done on mental imagery in animals? Plants? --Mgreenbe 11:59, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Merging "Mental Images" page
Hello all? I'm not sure how active this page is. Anyway, I just found another page called Mental images, which I think needs to be merged. It refers (minimally) to computer vision also, which may link into the "non-human" issues.... Anyway, I'm not confident of the usefulness of the links they have. I may merge that as best I can (limited time). GregA 03:33, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

The Mental images page, in it's entirety, is:

Mental Images
Mental images are images as seen in the mind's eye, which CNN reporter Walter Rogers called the "camera in your mind". One complicating factor is the ambiguity of interpretation of an image. Computer vision pioneer David Marr produced a famous photograph of a woman's face, which includes an ambiguous feature that could be either her nose or her finger. Optical illusions regularly exploit this property.

See also: computer vision, machine vision, computer graphics.

Merging
I don't think this should be merged as a chunk, the individual thoughts should be mergeable (I see no added value in a CNN reporters ideas) GregA 04:00, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) "The mind's eye" (philosophical/spiritual, 3rd eye
 * 2) Ambiguity & Optical illusions
 * 3) links to computer vision (currently without any real explanation)

I've merged these together - though I'm not YET happy with the result. It seems that
 * a computer vision section (and perhaps links to animal intelligence) could be separate.
 * a "map vs reality" section is possible (interpretation vs reality). I've placed ambiguity with Freud's stuff on interpretation of reality but it's not quite right there. GregA 04:20, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Philosophical Views
I felt that the philosophical discussion was inaccurate. Berkeley was not a solipsist, he was an idealist. It is unfair to say that scientific realism is the most accurate worldview without discussing its problems. My later version accurately describes Berkeley's views and changes the scientism to a fairer account. posted by user Dazzling Darkness on 19:08, 1 December 2005 — please sign your posts with ~

 * Thanks for your changes! Go ahead and be bold; you don't need to justify non-controversial changes.  Welcome to Wikipedia! --Mgreenbe 12:04, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Reading this page it seems to me not to quite flow right... yet I've spent several hours playing with it and haven't yet found something that flows better (my work occassionally allows these distractions!). Aside from the flow, general issues include: If I can get it to flow I'll put up an alternative, keeping what's there but with a different arrangement, for whoever looks at this page to alter, improve, or revert (if revert, hopefully only partially!). Otherwise I've written up a section on learning, and updated usability. GregA 12:15, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Psychology is really about design and usability
 * 2) The Psychiatry section can be expanded beyond Freud when considering that the mental images in our mind affect our behaviour
 * 3) Philosophy seems a very general topic header... when we're really talking about philosophical discussions of "map vs territory", or "objective vs subjective reality"
 * 4) I think there's room for mental images as they relate to learning - they're taught as part of "teaching", and there's some good research that mentally imagining doing a task has a great effect on learning that task.

Mental Practice of Action
I have just posted an entry titled "Mental Practice of Action." This entry addresses one of the concerns about imagery and learning. Perhaps someone could write a link to this entry or somehow merge it with the current article.

How mental images form in the brain.
'Have you ever wondered why you seem to get a mental picture of something happening when you are reading a book? Or maybe when you have a daydream? These images that one receives are like pictures in your head. For example, when a musician hears a song they can sometimes "see" the song notes in their head. This is different from an after image. For example, after-image from an event that is induced is considered not under our conscious control. By contrast, however, when we call up an image in our imagination or minds, it is considered to be voluntary. Therefore, we can characterize our imagery as being various degrees of our conscious control.'

What is up with this paragraph? --Sillywalker 02:07, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, seriously. What the hell? 80.128.65.196 20:57, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

No kidding. I added a copyedit tag in the article. Matthew0028 09:11, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Introduction
I have rewritten the introduction to this, bringing it more into line with actual usage and opinion in fields (philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience) that study mental images, and adding citations. "Mental image" is not, as the former version implied, technical jargon, but is a commonly used expresion of ordinary English. It is true, however, that images have been much studied by both philosophers and psychologists. I cut the reference to communication studies. I am not aware that that field has taken any special interest in mental images, or made any significant contribution to our understanding of them. Certainly there is no hint of it in the Wickipedia entry about the field. I believe communication studies does concern itself quite a bit with images simpliciter (i.e., pictures and other graphics), and with public images (i.e., roughly, reputations), but these are both quite different things. [If anyone familiar with the field of communication studies believes otherwise, and can cite, I will not be upset if the reference and internal link are reinstated.] On the other hand, recent neuroscience has had quite a lot to say about mental images.

Treharne 10:16, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Introduction again
The introduction I wrote and justified above was completely removed by editor Mattisse on the grounds of "looks like original research," and reverted to the older, incoherent, ill-informed and ungrammatical version, that almost entirely lacked citations (the one it did contain being of very questionable appropriateness). I can see no reasonable justification for this reversion, which clearly made the entry less informative and less accurate, and, frankly, seems to me more like vandalism than editorial improvement. I am not saying that what I wrote could not be improved upon, but I do not see how the wholesale removal of my contribution can possibly be reasonably justified, or how anyone could think that the old introduction that Mattisse restored was clearer, more coherent, more informative, more accurate, or even more neutral in POV than mine. I have now reverted the entry to how it stood before Mattisse's reversion. So far as I can see no significant edits have been made since Mattisse removed all my work, and I have left in the relatively minor edits that were made to the material by others in the meantime.

Unless "contains original research" means something like "well informed about the topic," I can see no justification for saying that what I wrote in any way violated the "original research" rule. I backed almost every point of what I wrote with citations (often multiple ones) to peer reviewed literature, and although, as someone who is well informed about and deeply interested in this topic, I do have personal opinions about it that are not universally shared, I was at some pains to keep these out of what I wrote, and to maintain a neutral POV. The only slightly controversial claim was balanced by mention of the contrary opinion and the justification given for it by its supporters (with citations). By contrast, the older introduction to which Mattisse reverted consists almost entirely of unsubstantiated assertions which are controversial in the field, and it gives a very misleading picture of the field of imagery research by harping on a topic (imagery in animals) in which very few researchers have taken much interest. (In deference to whoever originally put this in, and somewhat against my better judgement, I left a mention of this issue in the introduction section that I wrote, but then, I was making an effort to treat the work of other contributors with tact and sensitivity, and not to rigidly impose my own judgement.)

Is anything written out of a real knowledge of the subject matter, and of the range of opinions that are taken seriously in the peer reviewed literature to be classified as unacceptable "original research"? If so, Wikipedia will never be anything but a compendium of ignorance and popular prejudice. I challenge Mattisse to say what, specifically, in my contribution constituted "original research" (or, come to that, lack of neutrality) in any remotely objectionable sense.

I apologize for this being a rant, and if it has been put in the wrong place. I am not someone who has the time or energy to be a high-volume editor and to learn all the ins and outs of Wikipedia and its customs and etiquette. I merely sought to improve the entry on a topic on which I am well informed, and it its very disheartening to see my careful work totally obliterated in one stroke by what appears to be an ignorant and thoughtless reversion like this. I expected to see changes made to my contribution, including, probably, ones I would not much like, but I did not expect to see this sort of vandalism and contempt for the hard work of a sincere expert contributor by an established editor. Clearly it was not done out of knowledge of the subject matter or careful consideration of the merits of the versions, but rather out of an overzealous, careless, mechanical and inappropriate application of guidelines that are meant to be applied with tact, thought, and flexibility.

I had thought to contribute more to this entry, beyond the introduction, when I had the time, and perhaps to some other entries on topics about which I am knowledgable. The rest of the imagery entry is largely a jumbled hodgepodge of often unsubstantiated opinions and decontextualized and sometimes questionable facts. I think I could have improved it a lot both in terms of informativeness and neutrality. However, I do not know that I can be bothered now. If the plan is to drive away contributions from people who are well informed about certain topics, but do not wish to devote their lives to Wikipedia, then Mattisse is going about it the right way.

24.205.77.102 (talk) 14:00, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Universality
(Or whatever the correct word is.) I can't do it, not even remotely I think. For example I can "feel" (not in a physical sense) 3D objects I might imagine, but not see them in any visual sense, except for perhaps the vaguest perception of space. For example, imagining colour is no different to imagining other physical properties such as density or hardness. I dream when I am asleep, and apart from the odd fleeting hallucination as a student after pulling 3 all-nighters in a row, that's it as far as spurious imagery goes. I am normally sighted, I'm an electronics designer, and I have no difficulty dealing with things like mechanical design or photography. I've found at least one other person on the web describing the same thing, and apparently the ability to visualise varies on a continuous scale. So arguments that the article might be anthropocentric, or that some other animals may or may not have this capacity, seem worthless to me. I thought my experience might be of use in shaping this article or something derived from it some day. --Adx 14:37, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Hubbard's Work
This should at least be noted; I am surprised that it is not even mentioned. His best-known work on the subject is, of course, Dianetics. But he refined his theories and technologies over the following many years (Dianetics dating from 1950). And most of what he wrote or said publicly during that entire period is published and available. I think it deserves more serious attention. L e cox (talk) 07:03, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Appeal to Plato
Just wanted to point out that the following is highly contentious:

''In the Republic, book VII, Plato uses the metaphor of a prisoner in a cave, bound and unable to move, sitting with his back to a fire and watching the shadows cast on the wall in front of him by people carrying objects behind his back. The objects that they are carrying are representations of real things in the world. The prisoner, explains Socrates, is like a human being making mental images from the sense data that he experiences''

The last sentence is not accurate; Socrates never compares the shadows to mental images (for my own research, I wish he did!) and he has no concept of sense-data. I'm also not aware of any interpretation along these lines in the secondary literature -- although there may be one -- and the more common suggestion is that these are false prevailing ethical opinions ('shadows of justice' as he calls them).

BUT Plato does have an account of mental images: Philebus 38c5-40c11. Here Plato introduces a simile of an inner painter, painting images that accompany our beliefs. Also, Aristotle wrote more explicitly, and at far greater length, about mental images. I'm sorry I don't have time to make any changes myself, but it would be nice to see someone update the article. Thomas' SEP article on mental imagery has a well-researched section on Aristotle: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/. Hope this helps! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.70.76.13 (talk) 16:28, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110221091503/http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/IP/paivio.html to http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/IP/paivio.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080229110116/http://psychology.berkeley.edu/faculty/profiles/erosch2007-2.pdf to http://psychology.berkeley.edu/faculty/profiles/erosch2007-2.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080214210039/http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/04/29/bbs00000429-00/bbs.barsalou.html to http://www.bbsonline.org/documents/a/00/00/04/29/bbs00000429-00/bbs.barsalou.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130103184553/http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/35108m9705122820/ to http://psycontent.metapress.com/content/35108m9705122820/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060826232441/http://zakros.ucsd.edu/~trohrer/thebodyinspace.pdf to http://zakros.ucsd.edu/~trohrer/thebodyinspace.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080221231538/http://www.imagery-imagination.com/im-im/im-im.htm to http://www.imagery-imagination.com/im-im/im-im.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015957/http://www.imagery-imagination.com/mipia.htm to http://www.imagery-imagination.com/mipia.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:58, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

No skeptic perspectives?
I don't really know much about it, but there are those who question the notion that ordinarily people are able to induce "voluntary hallucinations" which is a sense that's almost implied or carelessly assumed in the vulgar use of the word "imagination," but not really necessary for people to be able to able to do most things associated with imagination, conceiving of things of a geometrical description. Philosopher Daniel Dennett makes the argument that imagination can't really be pictorial if, for instance, whereas you can count the stripes of a tiger you see in a real picture, you can't count the stripes of an "imagined" tiger. It's therefore more of a vaguer abstract conceptualization of a tiger than really seeing one. So people ordinarily make some sort of categorical mistake. I suppose some other researchers or philosophers must have also pointed things like, how come the industries of film (specially science fiction and fantasy, with heavy use of special effects) and video-games were so successful even with the most primitive special effects or very rudimentary pixelated representations, when "making believe" supposedly is the highly-advanced hyper-realistic virtual reality/cinema-on-our-head available to anyone. Books would be the only "blockbusters." Similar argument goes for the popularity of pornography (I've heard it accounts for most of the image files on the internet), when anyone with some minimal initial exposition would be able to imagine things much more enticing than tiny videos or still photographs on a flat screen or paper, like people really around them, doing whatever they want, with the physique they find more attractive. Also, arguably there would be little to no interest in achieving "lucid dreaming," since anyone would be able to do it while awake. Perhaps the most fundamental exercise that refutes it, drawing is not that much of an ordinary ability, most people are not able to draw minimally realistic pictures without training, even though all it would really require would be for one to "imagine" a picture on paper, then trace it, like can do do with any actual picture. But if you ask anyone who reports to be able to "imagine" realistic objects to do the same, they certainly won't be able to do anything like that, not by lack of motor coordination, but because there's no real image to trace over. I suppose actual authorities should have made similar arguments. Regarding actual research on the neurological perspective, at least one study found out that while people with synesthesia indeed have activated brain areas related with the visual subject experience when reading or listening to words associated with colors for them, ordinary people didn't have similar activation when asked to just "imagine" colors, which is a much simpler feat than complex voluntary visual hallucinations. I know there's this supposed condition of "aphantasia" but it really describes more than the absence of "voluntary hallucinations," rather an inability of mentally conjecturing things of a given spatial dimension or whatever visual properties, abilities that do not really require the literal subjective experience of imagery. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 45.234.132.112 (talk) 16:47, 7 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mental image


text:
Frank Eugene Corder

Frank Eugene Corder (May 26, 1956 – September 12, 1994) was an American truck driver. He stole a Cessna 150 late on September 11, 1994, and crashed the stolen aircraft onto the South Lawn of the White House early on September 12, 1994, while attempting to land the plane; he was killed, and was the sole casualty.

Early life and education
Corder was born in Perry Point, Maryland, the son of William Eugene Corder, who was an aircraft mechanic at Edgewood Arsenal, and Dorothy Corder. He dropped out of Aberdeen High School in 11th grade and enlisted in the U.S. Army in October 1974.

Career
Corder was stationed at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Fort Carson, Colorado, where he was trained as a mechanic. He was honorably discharged from military service in July 1975 at the rank of private first class. After his service ended, he worked as a truck driver from 1976 until his employment was terminated in early 1993.

On April 15, 1993, Corder was arrested for theft and was arrested again later that year on October 9 for drug dealing. He was sentenced to spend 90 days at a drug rehabilitation center and was released in February 1994. After he was released, he was living with his third wife Lydia at Keyser's Motel in Aberdeen, Maryland. Lydia Corder left Frank three weeks prior to the incident, which is thought to have driven him towards deep depression and suicide. Friends claim he bore no ill will towards then U.S. President Bill Clinton and probably only wanted the publicity of the stunt, based largely on his sentiments towards Mathias Rust's flight of a Cessna 172 from Finland to Moscow, Soviet Union. The President was not in the White House at the time due to renovations, but was instead staying at Blair House.

Incident
On the evening of September 11, 1994, Corder stole the Cessna and departed from Harford County Airport in Churchville, Maryland while severely intoxicated. The plane was noticed by radar technicians at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport several minutes before he tried to steer it into the wall of the White House. At 1:49 a.m., he hit the South Lawn and was killed on impact.

The crash caused a reevaluation in security procedures around the White House, as the pilot had entered restricted airspace. Though the White House is rumored to be equipped with surface-to-air missiles, none were fired; the Secret Service has neither confirmed nor dispelled the rumor; however, in 2019 a CBS reporter spotted a battery on the roof of a building across the street.

title: Frank Eugene Corder


text:
Category talk:Expressways in the Chicago area

Missing Expressways
These pages need to be created:
 * Amstutz Expressway (Illinois 137)
 * Skokie Highway (U.S. 41)
 * Indiana State Route 912 (Cline Avenue)
 * Elgin Bypass (U.S. 20)
 * Palatine Road (Cook County, Illinois)
 * Ohio Street Feeder Ramp (Chicago) (I-90/94)
 * Chinatown Feeder Ramp (Chicago) (I-55)

--Rob 17:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
List of Alaska Native tribal entities

This list of Alaska Native tribal entities names the federally recognized tribes in the state of Alaska.

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 explains how these Alaska Native villages came to be tracked this way. This version was updated based on Federal Register, Volume 87, dated January 28, 2022 (87 FR 4638), when the number of Alaskan Native tribes entities totaled 231.

The list is maintained in alphabetical order with respect to the name of the tribe or village.

Note that while the names of Alaska Native tribal entities often include "Village of" or "Native Village of," in most cases, the tribal entity cannot be considered as identical to the city, town, or census-designated place in which the tribe is located, as some residents may be non-tribal members and a separate city government may exist. Nor should Alaska Native tribes be confused with Alaska Native Regional Corporations, which are a class of Alaska for-profit corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971.

A

 * Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove
 * Akiachak Native Community
 * Akiak Native Community
 * Alatna Village
 * Algaaciq Native Village (St. Mary's)
 * Allakaket Village
 * Alutiiq Tribe of Old Harbor, previously listed as Native Village of Old Harbor and Village of Old Harbor
 * Angoon Community Association
 * Anvik Village
 * Arctic Village, see Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government
 * Asa'carsarmiut Tribe

B

 * Beaver Village
 * Birch Creek Tribe

C

 * Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes
 * Chalkyitsik Village
 * Cheesh-Na Tribe previously listed as Native Village of Chistochina
 * Chevak Native Village
 * Chickaloon Native Village
 * Chignik Bay Tribal Council previously listed as Native Village of Chignik
 * Chignik Lake Village
 * Chilkat Indian Village (Klukwan)
 * Chilkoot Indian Association (Haines)
 * Chinik Eskimo Community (Golovin)
 * Chuloonawick Native Village
 * Circle Native Community
 * Craig Tribal Association previously Craig Community Association
 * Curyung Tribal Council previously the Native Village of Dillingham

D

 * Douglas Indian Association

E

 * Egegik Village
 * Eklutna Native Village
 * Emmonak Village
 * Evansville Village (aka Bettles Field)

F
None

G

 * Galena Village (aka Louden Village)
 * Gulkana Village Council previously listed as Gulkana Village

H

 * Healy Lake Village
 * Holy Cross Tribe previously listed as Holy Cross Village
 * Hoonah Indian Association
 * Hughes Village
 * Huslia Village
 * Hydaburg Cooperative Association

I

 * Igiugig Village
 * Inupiat Community of the Arctic Slope
 * Iqugmiut Traditional Council previously listed as Iqurmuit Traditional Council
 * Ivanof Bay Tribe previously listed as Ivanoff Bay Tribe and Ivanoff Bay Village

J
None

K

 * Kaguyak Village
 * Kaktovik Village (aka Barter Island)
 * Kasigluk Traditional Elders Council
 * Kenaitze Indian Tribe
 * Ketchikan Indian Community previously listed as Ketchikan Indian Corporation
 * King Island Native Community
 * King Salmon Tribe
 * Klawock Cooperative Association
 * Knik Tribe
 * Kokhanok Village
 * Koyukuk Native Village

L

 * Levelock Village
 * Lime Village

M

 * Manley Hot Springs Village
 * Manokotak Village
 * McGrath Native Village
 * Mentasta Traditional Council
 * Metlakatla Indian Community, Annette Island Reserve

N

 * Naknek Native Village
 * Native Village of Afognak
 * Native Village of Akhiok
 * Native Village of Akutan
 * Native Village of Aleknagik
 * Native Village of Ambler
 * Native Village of Atka
 * Native Village of Atqasuk previously listed as Atqasuk Village (Atkasook)
 * Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government
 * Native Village of Belkofski
 * Native Village of Brevig Mission
 * Native Village of Buckland
 * Native Village of Cantwell
 * Native Village of Chenega (aka Chanega)
 * Native Village of Chignik Lagoon
 * Native Village of Chitina
 * Native Village of Chuathbaluk (Russian Mission, Kuskokwim)
 * Native Village of Council
 * Native Village of Deering
 * Native Village of Diomede (aka Inalik)
 * Native Village of Eagle
 * Native Village of Eek
 * Native Village of Ekuk
 * Native Village of Ekwok previously listed as Ekwok Village]]
 * Native Village of Elim
 * Native Village of Eyak (Cordova)
 * Native Village of False Pass
 * Native Village of Fort Yukon
 * Native Village of Gakona
 * Native Village of Gambell
 * Native Village of Georgetown
 * Native Village of Goodnews Bay
 * Native Village of Hamilton
 * Native Village of Hooper Bay
 * Native Village of Kanatak
 * Native Village of Karluk
 * Native Village of Kiana
 * Native Village of Kipnuk
 * Native Village of Kivalina
 * Native Village of Kluti Kaah (aka Copper Center)
 * Native Village of Kobuk
 * Native Village of Kongiganak
 * Native Village of Kotzebue
 * Native Village of Koyuk
 * Native Village of Kwigillingok
 * Native Village of Kwinhagak (aka Quinhagak)
 * Native Village of Larsen Bay
 * Native Village of Marshall (aka Fortuna Ledge)
 * Native Village of Mary's Igloo
 * Native Village of Mekoryuk
 * Native Village of Minto
 * Native Village of Nanwalek (aka English Bay)
 * Native Village of Napaimute
 * Native Village of Napakiak
 * Native Village of Napaskiak
 * Native Village of Nelson Lagoon
 * Native Village of Nightmute
 * Native Village of Nikolski
 * Native Village of Noatak
 * Native Village of Nuiqsut (aka Nooiksut)
 * Native Village of Nunam Iqua previously listed as Native Village of Sheldon's Point
 * Native Village of Nunapitchuk
 * Native Village of Ouzinkie
 * Native Village of Paimiut
 * Native Village of Perryville
 * Native Village of Pilot Point
 * Native Village of Point Hope
 * Native Village of Point Lay
 * Native Village of Port Graham
 * Native Village of Port Heiden
 * Native Village of Port Lions
 * Native Village of Ruby
 * Native Village of Saint Michael
 * Native Village of Savoonga
 * Native Village of Scammon Bay
 * Native Village of Selawik
 * Native Village of Shaktoolik
 * Native Village of Shishmaref
 * Native Village of Shungnak
 * Native Village of Stevens
 * Native Village of Tanacross
 * Native Village of Tanana
 * Native Village of Tatitlek
 * Native Village of Tazlina
 * Native Village of Teller
 * Native Village of Tetlin
 * Native Village of Tuntutuliak
 * Native Village of Tununak
 * Native Village of Tyonek
 * Native Village of Unalakleet
 * Native Village of Unga
 * Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government (Arctic Village and Village of Venetie)
 * Native Village of Wales
 * Native Village of White Mountain
 * Nenana Native Association
 * New Koliganek Village Council
 * New Stuyahok Village
 * Newhalen Village
 * Newtok Village
 * Nikolai Village
 * Ninilchik Village
 * Nome Eskimo Community
 * Nondalton Village
 * Noorvik Native Community
 * Northway Village
 * Nulato Village
 * Nunakauyarmiut Tribe

O

 * Organized Village of Grayling (aka Holikachuk)
 * Organized Village of Kake
 * Organized Village of Kasaan
 * Organized Village of Kwethluk
 * Organized Village of Saxman
 * Orutsararmiut Traditional Native Council previously listed as Orutsararmuit Native Village (aka Bethel)
 * Oscarville Traditional Village

P

 * Pauloff Harbor Village
 * Pedro Bay Village
 * Petersburg Indian Association
 * Pilot Station Traditional Village
 * Pitka's Point Traditional Council previously listed as Native Village of Pitka's Point
 * Platinum Traditional Village
 * Portage Creek Village (aka Ohgsenakale)
 * Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul & St. George Islands (Saint George Island and Saint Paul Island)

Q

 * Qagan Tayagungin Tribe of Sand Point previously listed as Qagan Tayagungin Tribe of Sand Point Village
 * Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska

R

 * Rampart Village

S

 * Saint George Island See Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul & St. George Islands
 * Saint Paul Island See Pribilof Islands Aleut Communities of St. Paul & St. George Islands
 * Salamatof Tribe previously listed as Village of Salamatoff
 * Seldovia Village Tribe
 * Shageluk Native Village
 * Sitka Tribe of Alaska
 * Skagway Village
 * South Naknek Village
 * Stebbins Community Association
 * Sun'aq Tribe of Kodiak previously listed as Shoonaq' Tribe of Kodiak

T

 * Takotna Village
 * Tangirnaq Native Village previously listed as Lesnoi Village (aka Woody Island)
 * Telida Village
 * Traditional Village of Togiak
 * Tuluksak Native Community
 * Twin Hills Village

U

 * Ugashik Village
 * Umkumiut Native Village previously listed as Umkumiute Native Village

V

 * Village of Alakanuk
 * Village of Anaktuvuk Pass
 * Village of Aniak
 * Village of Atmautluak
 * Village of Bill Moore's Slough
 * Village of Chefornak
 * Village of Clarks Point
 * Village of Crooked Creek
 * Village of Dot Lake
 * Village of Iliamna
 * Village of Kalskag
 * Village of Kaltag
 * Village of Kotlik
 * Village of Lower Kalskag
 * Village of Ohogamiut
 * Village of Red Devil
 * Village of Sleetmute
 * Village of Solomon
 * Village of Stony River
 * Village of Venetie see Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government
 * Village of Wainwright

W

 * Wrangell Cooperative Association

X
None

Y

 * Yakutat Tlingit Tribe
 * Yupiit of Andreafski

Z
None

Federal Registers
Federal Registers containing the "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" to which "Federally recognized tribes" and "List of Alaska Native Tribal Entities" derive their listings. To view the Federal Register, please visit The Federal Register page of the GPO.

 * Current version
 * "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs," Federal Register, January 28, 2022

 * Former versions
 * "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs," Federal Register, January 29, 2021
 * Federal Register, Volume 78, Number 87 dated May 6, 2013 (
 * Federal Register, Volume 77, Number 155 dated August 10, 2012
 * Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 190 dated October 1, 2010, with a supplemental listing published in Federal Register, Volume 75, Number 207 dated October 27, 2010
 * Federal Register, Volume 74, Number 153 dated August 11, 2009
 * Federal Register, Volume 73, Number 66 dated April 4, 2008
 * Federal Register, Volume 72, Number 55 dated March 22, 2007
 * Federal Register, Volume 70, Number 226 dated November 25, 2005
 * Federal Register, Volume 68, Number 234 dated December 5, 2003
 * Federal Register, Volume 67, Number 134 dated July 12, 2002
 * Federal Register, Volume 65, Number 49 dated March 13, 2000
 * Federal Register, Volume 63, Number 250 dated December 30, 1998
 * Federal Register, Volume 62, Number 205 dated October 23, 1997
 * Federal Register, Volume 61, Number 220 dated November 13, 1996
 * Federal Register, Volume 60, Number 32 dated February 16, 1995

 * Federal Register, Volume 58, Number 202 dated October 21, 1993
 * Federal Register, Volume 53, Number 250 dated December 29, 1988
 * Federal Register, Volume 47, Number 227 dated November 24, 1982 – First time listing that includes native entities within the state of Alaska
 * Federal Register, Volume 44, Number 26 dated February 6, 1979 – First listing of Indian tribal entities within the contiguous 48 states

title: List of Alaska Native tribal entities


text:
Michael Krasny (talk show host)

Michael Jay Krasny (born September 22, 1944) is a professor and retired American radio host of Forum, a news and public affairs program on San Francisco public radio station KQED-FM, covering current events, politics, and culture from 1993 to 2021. Additionally, Krasny is currently a professor of English literature at San Francisco State University.

Early life
Born in Cleveland and raised in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, Krasny is a second-generation American whose grandparents immigrated from Russia and Lithuania and grew up in a Jewish household.

Michael is among the outstanding graduates of Cleveland Heights High School (class of 1962) featured in the book Every Tiger Has a Tale. Despite his intellectual reputation today, Krasny admits to having had a "bad boy" reputation while growing up in Cleveland Heights.

Career
In the late 1970s, Krasny hosted a weekly Marin County talk show called "Beyond the Hot Tub" on low-power rock radio station KTIM-FM. He went on to host a popular radio program on KGO (AM) from 1984 to December 1992. He became the host of Forum in 1993, expanding the focus of the program to more national themes. On November 9, 2020, Krasny announced that he would retire from Forum on February 15, 2021. His last Forum broadcast was on February 12, 2021.

Krasny is a professor of English at San Francisco State University where he has taught primarily American literature since 1970. He received his B.A. cum laude in 1966 and M.A. in 1967 from Ohio University, where he attended the Honors College and became a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He holds a Ph.D. in 20th century American literature from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Krasny is a widely published scholar, critic and fiction writer. He has also worked widely as a facilitator and host in the corporate sector and as a moderator for nonprofit events.

Personal life
Krasny is a long-time resident of Greenbrae, California. SFSU Online Magazine reports that Krasny's wife is an attorney and an alumna of San Francisco State University, and that Krasny has two daughters.

In his 2010 book, Spiritual Envy, Krasny revealed that he became agnostic later in life.

title: Michael Krasny (talk show host)


text:
Ocee, Georgia

Ocee was a small community in Milton County, now located in Johns Creek in Fulton County, Georgia. It was centered at 34.06454°N, -84.2127°W.

It was originally called New York, then Mazeppa. The Ocee name, which was taken from the name of a Cherokee community in the area, is still in use today for a school, a park, a library and a church, among others. Ocee is now a part of the new city of Johns Creek, named after Johns Creek which flows just east of it. That city is a part of the municipalization of northern Fulton.

title: Ocee, Georgia


text:
Talk:Howard Pawley

Class lecture
I'm sitting in a class lecture by Howard Pawley (July 25, 2005) and it's very interesting.

Has anyone else ever heard anything by him? Email me stach3(at)uwindsor.ca — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.207.74.52 (talk) 17:46, 25 July 2005

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- KenWalker | Talk 06:15, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Neither Pawley nor Schreyer are from the north east of the province
"Like Schreyer, he was from the northeast of the province and could appeal to voters beyond the CCF/NDP's traditional Winnipeg base."

Remember we are writing this to be read by people from outside of Manitoba. They're going to look at a map, look at the upper right hand corner, and think that is what we mean. So Schreyer is from Beausejour, Manitoba and Schreyer's article says that. Where is Pawley from? He was born in Brampton, Ontario, but obviously we don't mean Brampton when we say "northeast of the province." I'd fix it, but I don't know the answer. 2604:3D09:A57B:A340:2994:722D:C4E3:6566 (talk) 01:23, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Howard Pawley


text:
Monkey Puzzle (band)

Monkey Puzzle is an a cappella music group from Bloomington, Indiana which formed in the mid-1990s, releasing their first CD in 1995. In 1999 they won the award for "Best World/Folk Song" from The Contemporary A Cappella Society and their third CD was nominated by the same organization for Best Album of 1999. As of 2005, they are still performing, though only conducting occasional reunion concerts the most recent of which was in 2013.

The group is known for composing unusual sound mixes and lyrics using the broad range of capabilities present within its members. Their music covers a fairly broad range of music styles including pop/rock, world, folk and even chant.

Members

 * Nils Fredland
 * Nicole Kousaleos
 * Jerry McIlvain
 * Daniel Reed
 * Dan Schumacher

Discography

 *  Joie de Croissant, 1995 (MP Records)
 * Freakin' on the Lunar Surface, 1996 (MP Records)
 * The Where We Were, 1998 (MP Records)

title: Monkey Puzzle (band)


text:
User talk:Mattcarringtonproject

Welcome!
Hello, Mattcarringtonproject, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:49, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Mattcarringtonproject


text:
User talk:Travs814

Welcome!
Hello, Travs814, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:50, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Church of Christ Link Policy
Hi! I'd like to point editors to the Church of Christ Talk Page to finalize a policy on links. Would you mind weighing in on the current language and editing, or giving a yeah or nay vote? Thanks! Danlovejoy 20:25, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Travs814


text: User talk:82.39.33.202

title: User talk:82.39.33.202


text:
User:Elifriedman

Eli Friedman was born and raised in Baltiomore Maryland where he continues to reside in Pikesville. He studied at the Talmudical Academy of Baltimore for elemenatry school and for middle school. For high school he attended The Yeshiva of Greater Washington. Eli likes to build and play guitars. He is currently putting together his second guitar. During the summer he works for an online store. They sell many products ranging form Strollers to scotters.

title: User:Elifriedman


text:
User talk:Surferdude60

Welcome!
Hello, Surferdude60, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:51, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Image Tagging Image:Black's_Beach_Access_Trail.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Black's_Beach_Access_Trail.JPG. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --OrphanBot 05:49, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Surferdude60


text:
Weitz

Weitz is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Brian Weitz (born 1979), American musician
 * Bruce Weitz (born 1943), American actor
 * Chris Weitz (born 1969), Academy Award nominated producer, writer and director
 * David A. Weitz (born 1951), American physicist
 * Eduard Weitz (born 1946), Israeli Olympic weightlifter
 * Jeffrey Weitz, contemporary Canadian biochemist
 * John Weitz, (1923–2002), American fashion designer, historian and novelist
 * Julie Weitz (born 1979), American virtual artist
 * Kristine Weitz (born 1962), American singer and songwriter
 * Margaret Weitz (born 1929), American cultural scientist
 * Mark Weitz (born 1945), keyboard player
 * Morris Weitz (1916-1981), American aesthetician
 * Paul J. Weitz (1932–2017), American astronaut
 * Paul Weitz (filmmaker) (born 1965), American filmmaker
 * Perry Weitz, contemporary American lawyer
 * Yechiam Weitz (born 1951), Israeli historian
 * Yosef Weitz (1890–1972), director of the Land and Afforestation Department of the Jewish National Fund

title: Weitz


text:
User talk:Leikela4

Welcome!
Hello, Leikela4, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:52, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Leikela4


text:
Illinois Route 48

Illinois Route 48 (IL 48) is an 85.38 mi north–south state highway with its southern terminus at Interstate 55 (I-55) and IL 127 in Raymond and its northern terminus at IL 54 east of Clinton.

Route description
IL 48 travels southwest to northeast from I-55 to IL 54 east of Clinton. It is an undivided surface street for its entire length. It also serves the cities of Raymond, Taylorville, and Decatur.

IL 48 and IL 127 travel east starting at an interchange with I-55. In Raymond, IL 127 turns south, while IL 48 travels northeast. IL 48 serves Harvel, Morrisonville, Palmer, and Clarksdale. IL 48 then bypasses Hewittsville and downtown Taylorville and intersects with IL 29. Continuing toward Decatur, IL 48 serves Willeys, Stonington, Blue Mound, and Boody. The route has an interchange with US 51 before entering through the city limit of Decatur.

Near downtown Decatur, IL 48 intersects with IL 105 before crossing over the Sangamon River. At the Millikin University, IL 48 indirectly meets US 36. IL 48 then turns east along IL 121. IL 48 turns northeast at a continuous-flow intersection. From there until Cisco, IL 48 parallels I-72. Between two interchanges with I-72 at Decatur and Cisco, the route serves Oreana and Argenta. After Cisco, the route curves north for the remainder of the route, serving Weldon and IL 10. IL 48 eventually ends at IL 54 in Fullerton.

History
SBI Route 48 traveled from Onarga to Raymond via the current IL 48 and IL 54. The route appeared in 1929 with the construction of a diagonal roadway. Construction of a new road concluded by 1935. The portion from Fullerton to Onarga became part of an extension of US 54 in 1942. In 1972, IL 54 was assigned from Springfield to Onarga after US 54 was reverted to its pre-1942 terminus at US 36 (now IL 107) west of Pittsfield.

title: Illinois Route 48


text:
Alex Graman

Alex Joseph Graman (born November 17, 1977) is former Major League Baseball pitcher. He bats and throws left-handed. He retired (as a player) in 2014.

College career
Graman was a three-time letterman for coach Bob Warn at Indiana State University from 1997 to 1999. He finished his career as a second team All-MVC in 1998. Graman ranks fourth in Indiana State history with five games of 10+ strikeouts in a career and is seventh on the school's single season strikeout list with 112. He was drafted in the third round by the New York Yankees.

Minor league career
Graman spent 6 seasons in the New York Yankees system; 1999 with the Staten Island Yankees, where he went 6-3 and was named the Top Prospect in the New York–Penn League. In 2000, he was with the Tampa Yankees of the Florida State League, compiled a record of 8-9 and was promoted to Double A with the Norwich Navigators of the Eastern League. he spent 2001 and part of 2002 with the Navigators as he went 17-11 and earned another promotion to Triple A with the Columbus Clippers of the International League in 2002. He spent the next four seasons (2002–2005) in Columbus, going 31–31, and New York. In 2004, he led the International League in strikeouts (129) and was selected as an All-Star for the Clippers. He finished the 2005 season with the Louisville Bats, the top farm club of the Cincinnati Reds, where he compiled a record of 2–1.

Major League career
Graman made his debut in Major League Baseball with the New York Yankees in, after six seasons in the Yankee farm system. In his first start against the Chicago White Sox, he gave up 5 runs in 2$2⁄3$ innings pitched. In his next start against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, he only lasted a third of an inning, giving up five earned runs, but avoided a loss in both appearances. He was outrighted to the Yankee Triple-A club in Columbus after the game with the Tampa Bay squad. He finished the year with a 19.80 ERA.

In 2005, he fared only slightly better, giving up 2 earned runs in one and a third innings before being designated for assignment by the Yankees and later released. On August 10, 2005, Graman signed with the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched in 5 games for their Triple-A affiliate, the Louisville Bats, but despite having a 3.09 ERA, he was released on September 12, 2005. In 5 Major League games, all with the Yankees, he has pitched in 6$1⁄3$ innings and given up 17 hits and 13 runs all earned for an ERA of 18.47.

Japan
On January 15, 2006, Graman signed a one-year, 50 million yen (about US$467,000 ) contract with the Seibu Lions. Graman re-signed with the Lions after the season. Beginning in 2007, he replaced Chikara Onodera as the closer.

Graman came into his own as a closer, finishing 2008 with a 3–3 record, 31 saves, and a 1.42 ERA. He helped the Lions win the Pacific League championship and the Climax Series before saving Games 1 and 7 of the Japan Series as Seibu beat the Yomiuri Giants 4 games to 3. Graman tossed the final two innings of Game 7, allowing no hits or walks while striking out two. He finished the postseason by allowing two earned runs in five innings, but did not allow a run in three Japan Series frames.

Opening day 2009 found Alex with the defending champions, the Saitama Seibu Lions for his fourth season in the Japanese Pacific League.

Graman's development as a pitcher while in Japan, led many in baseball to believe he would return to the Major Leagues as a set-up man or long reliever.

Korea
On January 16, 2012, Graman signed a contract with a bonus of $50,000 with Kia Tigers of the Korea Baseball Organization. However, he failed the medical test and the pitching workout. Tigers decided not to sign Graman on February 5, 2012.

Coaching career
Following his retirement, Graman began a career in youth baseball; spending 4 years with the Indiana Bulls travel team and a similar tenure with Zionsville High School. He is also an instructor at a sports development academy near Indianapolis.

title: Alex Graman


text:
User talk:Mikedover

Welcome!
Hello, Mikedover, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:52, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:Mikedover


text:
Talk:WFUT-DT

Untitled

 * Also New York City had the elasta mount of UHF awareness of any market in the US. The reason was that NEw York City had 6 commercial VHF stations that had all the viable programming plus the Educational station was also on VHF. Very few New York Metro area people even knew there was UHF. Even Los Angeles with 7 commercial VHF stations had ana wareness of UHF due to the fact the PBS station is a UHF. In many markets even network affiliates were UHF stations. So to get a decent selection of programming in most places one needed to turn to UHF if they did not have cable. But Wometco did buy a few shows for WTVG 68.

Um, of *any* market in the US? That would include Glendive, Montana (pop 7000), the smallest market with its *one* TV station? They wouldn't need UHF.
 * KXGN / Ch 5 CBS, NBC 210 S Douglas Glendive, MT 35801 +1-406-377-3377

As for few people knowing there was UHF? FCC regulations required all new television sets to be able to tune UHF as of 1969 with similar tuning mechanisms on both bands by 1973, so some would certainly have the new sets with their (nominal) 82 channels of TV tuner capacity. --carlb 17:53, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind that those early TVs with UHF tuners built in had a separate UHF channel selector. You had to turn the VHF knob to "U", and then tune the UHF knob to the channel you wanted.  Plus, those TV generally had a separate antenna feed for UHF.  So with six commercial and one non-commercial channel already on VHF, most New Yorkers didn't bother learning about UHF, even if they had a TV capable of receiving it.  UHF didn't really become successful in New York until it was put to a use not available on the VHF dial...Spanish language programming. Jimtrue (talk) 00:23, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * At the time of WFUT's first air date on September 29, 1974 (as WBTB), New York City did indeed have six commercial VHF stations and one non-commercial educational station, channel 13, However, it may be noted for the record that from its first air date on May 15, 1948 until its final air date on December 22, 1961, Channel 13 was a commercial station. It returned to the air on September 16, 1962, rebranded as an affiliate of National Educational Television and Radio Center (NETRC), subsequently National Educational Television (NET) and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).

Image copyright problem with Image:TelefuturaLogo.jpg
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U68 music format
Why is there no mention of Channel 68's brief stint as an over-the-air broadcast music television station? Branded as U68. I would think it is significant considering that station manager Bill Roller did on-air interviews with such music notables as Frank Zappa. Macross-island (talk) 16:02, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Never mind, I see that it was included, Question withdrawn. my bad. Macross-island (talk) 20:10, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:WFUT-DT


text:
User talk:VederJuda

Welcome!
Hello, VederJuda, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  17:54, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

An Invitation
Hello VederJuda,

Here's an invitation to visit Japanese Wikipedians' notice board. There, you can meet other Wikipedians of all nationalities working on articles related to Japan, including Samurai (thanks for helping with that). You'll find lists of new articles, projects, and resources such as Manual of Style (Japan-related articles). Hope to see you there!

Best regards,

Fg2 01:21, August 6, 2005 (UTC)

Revolution games
The games you added to the list were already on there as Peter Jackson's King Kong and Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell 4. I know it's tricky with the miniscule amount of info we've got on our hands. Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 20:31, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I never even saw those... -- VederJuda 21:36, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

RE:The Legend of Zelda series races
Why did you revert back to User:68.98.147.30's apparent meaningless contributions to this article? Ereinion 22:11, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I got caught in the middle of a bunch of edits and your revert, I was trying to revert one of his other edits at the time and didn't notice that he put a bunch in. My bad. -- VederJuda 22:28, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Anti-Freedom Fighters (Sonic the Hedgehog)
Hi, please don't make cut and paste moves. It destroys the page history. I've moved the page for you. There should be a tab at the top of every page (next to watch) saying "move" that allows you to do this. (If you don't have it, then it's probably not available to you because you're a new user or something like that.) Thanks, and keep on editing. Johnleemk | Talk 13:26, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I never saw that, or at least I never noticed it. And I think I made some minor edits when I moved it, were those deleted? -- VederJuda 13:27, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately those edits were lost because I had to delete the page to make way for the move. Sorry about that. Johnleemk | Talk 13:41, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * No prob, I fixed them; and thanks for pointing out the "move" thing, hopefully I'll remember that next time. -- VederJuda 13:43, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Star Fox team vandal
I dunno what it is with that vandal, but do you think a page protect is in order? if not, I guess a temporary block. Thunderbrand 20:48, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

 * If he (she) does it again, I am very tempted to throw a vprotect on it. -- VederJuda 21:01, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Showcase Showdown
Regarding your edits to The Price Is Right, the term "Showcase Showdown" does in fact refer to the segments involving the Big Wheel, while the endgame is known simply as "the Showcase." This can be confirmed several times in any given episode.

I don't mean to make a federal case of it, but this has always been a pet peeve of mine. TPIRFanSteve 17:06, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you serious? That seems so odd since there are NO showcases while spinning the Big Wheel. I'm definitely going to have to pay attention on the next episode. -- VederJuda 17:31, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure am. The Showcase Showdown is showdown in which people qualify for the Showcase.  Matter of fact, this website has audio of the very first Showcase Showdown from September 8, 1975. TPIRFanSteve 17:56, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I just watched, and you're right, he does call the spin-off a "Showcase Showdown". To paraphrase the Kids in the Hall, my mind has been blown! -- VederJuda 22:28, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, when you consider that the Showcase had already been around for three years when the Showcase Showdown was invented, it really isn't that odd. TPIRFanSteve 00:04, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Edit Conflict?
I assume this was an edit conflict? Please be more careful in future, I almost gave you the standard vandal warning. ;) --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 00:02, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that, someone added some junk so I tried to delete it. -- VederJuda 00:04, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Wii quote
If we could get your opinion on this that would be great, thanks. The general agreement seems to be that is should be "[Wii]" not "Revolution [Wii]". -- Steel359 16:47, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Wii
I wanted the pattern of Nintendo console-related articles to remain "in-line"; considering the Wii's predecessor is labeled as "Nintendo GameCube", and the one before, "Nintendo 64", it seems fitting that the article would be moved to "Nintendo Wii".

I nominated the "Nintendo Wii" redirect page for speedy deletion because I wanted it removed so that Wii could be moved to it. You know that moving articles to titles that already exist is not allowed.

--NicAgent 23:09, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I hear you, you're not the only person to think it should be "Nintendo Wii"; but if had checked the discussion page for Wii, you would have realized that it had been debated to death. -- VederJuda 23:15, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

List of characters
I was wondering if you had any comments about what is going on at Talk:List of characters in the Star Fox series. As you probably know, many of the characters were merged into the page. Since you have not commented, I assumed that you have no complaints or concerns? Thunderbrand 14:29, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm a little annoyed nobody made a declaration on the individual pages before going ahead with the merge. But anyway, since I was watching the Krystal page, and that page was a lot bigger, I suppose it should have remained, and a link to that page should exist as a "main article" link on the list of characters page. Also, I dispute the exact wording of: "where she finds and joins the Star Wolf team to spite Fox." After playing through the game for all 9 endings, I don't think she joined Star Wolf explicity to spite Fox; yes, she acts coldly to Fox throughout much of the game, but it seems that she only sided with Star Wolf for the sake of fighting the Anglar invasion and not for the purpose of showing Fox up. It also doesn't mention that she was in a relationship with Panther, although it is mentioned in Panther's section. -- VederJuda 15:30, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Your edit to Wii
Your recent edit to Wii (diff) was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to recognize and repair vandalism to Wikipedia articles. If the bot reverted a legitimate edit, please accept my humble creator's apologies – if you bring it to the attention of the bot's owner, we may be able to improve its behavior. Click here for frequently asked questions about the bot and this warning. // AntiVandalBot 12:48, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Bit of confusion while trying to revert some vandalism, and I accidentally reverted to another vandalised version; then AntiVandalBot reverted to the vandalized version I was trying to fix. Weird. -- VederJuda 12:52, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

X-Play review?
Did X-Play review this game; if so, why doesn't the G4 website have the review there? -- VederJuda 20:17, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The reason I'm asking here is because I want to know if that review is real or not, and if not then it shouldn't be here; so don't delete my post my like that. -- VederJuda 22:17, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Here is the link to the X-Play review:
 * http://www.g4tv.com/pile_player.aspx?video_key=15036 –Gunslinger47 21:41, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

I've prodded Barbara the Bat.
nt - A Link to the Past (talk) 02:19, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

List of Wii games
Hey there VederJuda,

I've noted that you've contributed before to the List of Wii games. Just wanted to let you know that the list is getting ready for Featured status and is currently undergoing a Peer Review. If you can take a moment to look over the article and add your suggestions/comments for improvement here, it'd be much appreciated. Thanks! -Digiwrld1 21:39, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Item drop
A "" template has been added to the article Item drop, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but yours may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.  Birgitte SB  16:29, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Advice
I am new so I need some adviceSonicriders 01:35, 12 June 2007 (UTC)Sonicriders

Self-Experimentation - In Fiction
Could you take a look at the discussion of your addition to the Self-Experimentation article ? I like the idea, but would like to sharpen up the cases and possibly include a discussion of implications. DCDuring 16:23, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:UsagiYojimboVol3Issue20Cover.jpg
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Proposed deletion of New Game Plus

The article New Game Plus has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Article consists entirely of OR based on a neologism sourced to a video game blog. OR tag and NOTABILITY tag have been in place for a year while REF tag has been unaddressed for 2 years. Plenty of time for any improvement to happen.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:VederJuda


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article removal candidates/Mitochondrial Eve

Mitochondrial Eve

 * Article is no longer a featured article

From being a FA with only two support votes this has turned into somewhat of a brainfart. There are several problems with the article, it weasels its way around concepts that are as good as proven (we all have a more recent common ancestor than Eve), badly explains and possibly get wrong several important concepts (I have a degree in biology and I can't work out why a population bottleneck is implied or needed). Dunc|☺ 17:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC) 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Remove. Ambi 00:23,
 * Remove. That said, I hope someone will fix the article b/c it could be a good one.--Alabamaboy 11:57, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * cleanup, or revert to FA'd version. It could be saved with comparatively little effort by somebody who know's what they're doing. Failing that, remove, I'm afraid, see my comment on talk. dab (ᛏ) 06:52, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Remove. I agree, there is something just not "feature article-ish" about it. And a stub section in a FA?  Come on...--naryathegreat | (talk) 00:22, August 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup It's on the verge of FA. Karmafist 04:14, 8 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
User:Natatanka

http://www.reflexivefilms.org

title: User:Natatanka