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Matthew Herbert

Matthew Herbert (born in 1972), also known as Herbert, Doctor Rockit, Radio Boy, Mr. Vertigo, Transformer, and Wishmountain, is a British electronic musician. He often takes sounds from everyday items to produce electronic music.

Career
Matthew Herbert released his first album, 100 Lbs, in 1996, which “gathers early 12″s from a time when Herbert was very much a ‘dance music’ producer”. In 1998, Herbert issued Around the House with Dani Siciliano, which mixed dance beats, sounds generated by everyday kitchen objects, and vocals. By the late 90's, Herbert was remixing tracks for dance artists like Moloko, Motorbass, Alter Ego, and others. (Many of these were later collected on Secondhand Sounds: Herbert Remixes.) He also recorded singles, EPs, and albums under a variety of aliases (Doctor Rockit, Radio Boy, Mr. Vertigo, and Transformer) as well as his own name.

In 2001, Herbert issued Bodily Functions. Similar in structure to Around the House, it featured sounds generated by manipulating human hair and skin as well as internal bodily organs. Bodily Functions benefited a record deal with Studio !K7, making it Herbert's first full-length work to receive worldwide distribution.

Goodbye Swingtime, a 2003 album issued under the name The Matthew Herbert Big Band, combined the political commentary of Radio Boy with the song structure of his Herbert albums. Recorded with sixteen musicians from the British jazz world, including saxophonists Dave O'Higgins and Nigel Hitchcock, pianist Phil Parnell, and bassist Dave Green, the band is complemented on stage by Siciliano, Arto Lindsay, Warp recording artist Jamie Lidell, and Mara Carlyle.

In 2005, he released a record entitled Plat du Jour, a record made entirely from objects and situations in the food chain. He recorded beneath the sewers of Fleet Street, with Vietnamese coffee beans, inside industrial chicken farms, drove a tank over a recreation of the dinner that Nigella Lawson cooked for George Bush and Tony Blair, and recorded 3500 people biting an apple at the same time. The track entitled "The Final Meal of Stacey Lawton" was made in collaboration with renowned chef Heston Blumenthal.

On 30 May 2006, Herbert issued Scale, his most successful album to date. In the US, it reached number 20 on Billboard's electronic music album chart. Entertainment Weekly remarked, "Herbert sneakily subverts Scale's apocalyptic thematic thread into something warm and danceable." Online magazine Pitchfork Media noted, "Sophisticated and whimsical, joyful and yet tinged with sadness, Scale is one of this year's great albums."

The second album Matthew Herbert Big Band,  There's Me And There's You , was released in October 2008. In the making of the record Herbert recorded inside the Houses of Parliament, at a landfill site, and in the lobby of the British Museum with 70 volunteers.

In 2009 Matthew Herbert was involved in the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest. He wrote and produced the music accompanying the 42 "postcards," short films introducing the country being represented next. In addition, Herbert wrote an orchestral piece for an interval act involving two "children flying in on a giant plastic swan."

In 2010 Matthew Herbert released two of a three part trilogy of albums. The first, One One, was entirely written and performed by Herbert alone, the second, One Club, was made exclusively out of sounds recorded at the Robert Johnson nightclub in Offenbach in Germany on one night.

That same year he also released a reworking of Mahler's tenth symphony for the Deutsche Grammophon's Recomposed series. Much of the recording was made inside Mahler's composing hut in Toblach, by his graveside and in a crematorium.

In late 2011, the final part of the trilogy, One Pig, was released. Herbert recorded the life cycle of a farmed pig from birth to the dinner plate. The animal rights organisation PETA condemned the album when it was announced without hearing it. Herbert, who is not a vegetarian, responded that their complaints were "utterly absurd" and that he wanted his music to encourage people to "listen to the world a little more carefully." In the same year his 2001 track "Café de Flore", originally recorded for a Yves St Laurent fashion show and named after the Café de Flore in Paris, was featured prominently in the soundtrack of the film Café de Flore.

On 11 March 2013 a newly commissioned work by Herbert, for orchestra with electronics, based on a work by Rameau, was performed at The Roundhouse in London, as part of BBC Radio 3's "Baroque Remixed" series.

In March 2013, his first five albums under moniker Herbert were released as Herbert Complete featuring bonus material and Abbey Road Sessions. Initially it was an iTunes Store (now Apple Music) exclusive (and subsequently released for streaming on Spotify too), but has never been sold in lossless physically or digitally.

On 20 March 2015 Herbert announced The Shakes, his first album of dance music in nine years. This was followed up with the release of "Middle," the first track from the album. The Shakes was released in an innovative way, making one track and short accompanying film available on streaming and video platforms each week leading up to the album release.

On 22 October 2021 Herbert released the album Musca on Accidental Records.

In October 2023 Herbert received an Ivor Novello Award nomination at The Ivors Classical Awards. Estuary Sound Ark, a community project involving young participants and sounds collected by the local community in South Essex and North Kent was nominated for the Best Community and Participation Composition.

Herbert was awarded the Ivor Novello Award for Innovation, presented in association with the Musicians' Union, at The Ivors Classical Awards 2023. The award acknowledged his outstanding contribution to music.

Theories and politics
In 2000, Herbert wrote a manifesto titled Personal Contract for the Composition of Music (Incorporating the Manifest of Mistakes), which served as a theoretical guide for much of his later work. Its goals include a personal ban on using drum machines and pre-existing samples, and ensuring that anything created in the studio can be replicated in live performance.

Many of his less dance-oriented projects (chiefly those not recorded under the name Herbert) address political concerns, using specific objects to create a conceptual piece. His 2001 project as Radio Boy, The Mechanics of Destruction sampled McDonald's and The Gap merchandise as a protest against corporate globalism. It was made available as a free MP3 download, via concerts and by post from Accidental Records.

In 2005, Herbert released the album Plat du Jour under his real name, Matthew Herbert. The disc addresses commercial food production and marketing.

In February 2006, Herbert helped form the virtual community Country X. In an introduction posted on the website, he writes, "Why not start a country? only this time, a virtual one. free from the necessity to defend its borders physically, we can reduce the violence of exclusion. a new description of resistance."

Herbert shared some of his thoughts on the future in an article for the UK music magazine Clash, writing "we are facing a perfect storm of shit: global financial meltdown, massive climatic shifts and the end of oil."

Accidental Records
By 2000 Herbert assembled several microlabels he initiated, including Soundslike (for his Herbert alias) and Lifelike (originally called Lowlife, begun in 1998 for his Doctor Rockit alias), under the umbrella Accidental Records. In addition to documenting Herbert's sundry projects, these imprints issued works from The Soft Pink Truth, Mara Carlyle, Mugison, and Beckett & Taylor, among others. Between 2008 and 2009, the label released 'Butterflies' by Finn Peters, the sophomore record of Matthew Herbert Big Band named There's Me And There's You, The Invisible's debut album, Setsubun Bean Unit, and Micachu's debut named Jewellery.

2010/2011 sees the release of a trilogy concept album by Herbert, beginning with One One, followed by One Club and One Pig.

Hejira's debut album Prayer Before Birth was released on the label on 21 October 2013.

Additional projects
Matthew Herbert has produced remixes for numerous artists, including Moloko, Ennio Morricone, Quincy Jones, PUZZLE, Björk, REM, Perry Farrell, Serge Gainsbourg, Yoko Ono, John Cale, The Avalanches and Cornelius. He programmed three tracks on Björk's Vespertine, and produced The Invisible's debut album, along with Moloko singer Róisín Murphy's album Ruby Blue. He has also produced albums for Micachu, Merz and Finn Peters

He has contributed music to several films, including La confiance règne, Human Traffic, Dogme 95, director Kristian Levring's The Intended, Agathe Cléry, Le Défi (Dance Challenge), A Number, as well as UK television, theatrical and concert dance productions.

Herbert also wrote music for the YouTube documentary film Life in a Day along with prominent composer Harry Gregson-Williams.

In 2010 he produced a new project at the invitation of London Sinfonietta called One Day in which he set to music a Saturday edition of the Guardian newspaper, performed at London's Southbank Centre in the London Jazz Festival. He went on to create a short encore for the ensemble involving a live remix of a concert at the BBC Proms in 2012 using recordings on mobile phones.

In 2012 he is relaunching the museum of sound at www.museumofsound.com

Also in 2012, he was appointed as the creative director of the newly revived BBC Radiophonic Workshop.

Herbert wrote the score for the 2017 film A Fantastic Woman, which was released by Milan Records in January 2018.

In February 2018, the current Doctor Who logo was revealed in a short video clip, with music and sound created by Herbert.

Herbert

 * Albums
 * 100lbs (1996)
 * Parts One Two and Three (1996)
 * Parts Remixed (1996)
 * Around the House (1998)
 * Bodily Functions (2001)
 * Secondhand Sounds (2002)
 * Scale (2006)
 * The Shakes (2015)
 * Musca (2021)

 * EPs
 * Birds (1996)
 * Part One (1996)
 * Part Two (1996)
 * Part Three (1996)
 * Part Four (1996)
 * Part Five (1996)
 * Classic Herbert (1996)
 * The Antioch Bypass EP (1997)
 * So Now... (1998)
 * We All Need Love (1998)
 * The Last Beat (1999)
 * Suddenly (2000)
 * Leave Me Now (2000)
 * The Audience (2001)
 * Addiction (2002)
 * Moving like a Train (2006)
 * Puzzles EP (2007)
 * Bodily Functions Remixes (2012)
 * Part Six (2014)
 * Part Seven (2014)
 * Part Eight (2015)

Matthew Herbert

 * Albums
 * Letsallmakemistakes (2000)
 * Plat du Jour (2005)
 * Score (2007)
 * Mahler Symphony X (2010)
 * One One (2010)
 * One Club (2010)
 * One Pig (2011)
 * The End of Silence (2013)
 * The Recording (2014)
 * A Fantastic Woman (2017)
 * Disobedience (2017)
 * Gloria Bell (2018)
 * The Wonder (2022)
 * The Horse (2023)
 * EPs
 * On Your Feet (2004)
 * Plat du Jour: The Appetiser EP (2005)

Doctor Rockit

 * Albums
 * The Music of Sound (1996)
 * Indoor Fireworks (2000)
 * The Unnecessary History of Doctor Rockit (2004)

 * EPs
 * Ready to Rockit EP (1995)
 * Whoosh (1996)
 * D for Doctor (1996)
 * Café De Flore (2001)
 * Veselka's Diner (2003)
 * The Vinyl Resting Place (2004)

The Matthew Herbert Big Band

 * Albums
 * Goodbye Swingtime (2003)
 * There's Me and There's You (2008)
 * The State Between Us (2019)

 * EPs
 * The Process, the Parts, the Many and the Few (2003)

Radio Boy

 * Albums
 * Wishmountain Is Dead, Long Live Radio Boy (1997)
 * The Mechanics of Destruction (2001)

 * EPs
 * The Lift Attendants Holiday (1998)
 * London (1999)
 * A Machine Drilling for Oil (2000)
 * Rude Workouts (2003)

Wishmountain

 * Albums
 * Wishmountain Is Dead (1998)
 * Tesco (2012)

 * EPs
 * Radio (1996)
 * Video (1996)
 * Wishmountain (1998)
 * Radio 2 (1998)
 * Old Stuff (1998)
 * Nescafe (2012)
 * Dairy Milk (2012)

title: Matthew Herbert


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Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/newlibaryatlincolnuniversity

New Library at Lincoln University
I think this is a great Image, I took it and developed it myself in a darkroom. Reminds me of a Hopper.

 * Nominate and support. - Differentgravy 21:25, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Cataract of Lodore

"The Cataract of Lodore" is a poem written in 1820 by the English poet Robert Southey which describes the Lodore Falls on the Watendlath.

Publication history

One of Southey's most popular poems, "The Cataract of Lodore " made an early appearance in Joanna Baillie's 1823 anthology, Poems, Chiefly Manuscript, and from Living Authors. On its inclusion, Baillie wrote Southey, "Your Cataract of Lodore has pleased & amused me exceedingly ... We shall have the younger part of my readers running about with portions of it in their mouths and shaking their heads to the measure, for these six months to come."

Lodore Falls
The Lodore Falls, a must-see for Victorian tourists staying at Keswick, are formed by the beck from Watendlath Tarn cascading over huge boulders for a distance of some 100 feet. The main drop of the falls is about 28 metres, or 90 feet. Although the falls are spectacular after periods of heavy rain, they dry to a trickle in periods of prolonged dry weather.

title: Cataract of Lodore


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Mount Hombori

Mount Hombori (Hombori Tondo) is a mountain in Mali's Mopti Region, near the town of Hombori. At 1,155 meters, it is the highest point in Mali.

Biodiversity
Mount Hombori is an important location for biodiversity in the Sahel, with 150 different species of plants along with various species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects on its two-square-kilometer plateau surface.

Flora
In contrast to the surface of the plateau, the surrounding 10,000 square kilometers of flatlands contain only about 200 different species of plants. A major contributing factor to Hombori's biodiversity is a lack of cattle grazing at the summit, which is protected on all sides by sheer cliffs. For many species of plants, including Bombax costatum, Hombori is the northernmost point of their distribution, demonstrating its importance as a haven for many southern species.

Fauna
Mount Hombori is home to some animal species, namely reptiles and birds, but also some species of mammals including the rock hyrax and olive baboon.

Archaeology
Mount Hombori is a significant archaeological site, with caves inhabited more than 2,000 years ago.

title: Mount Hombori


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Plasma scaling

The parameters of plasmas, including their spatial and temporal extent, vary by many orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, there are significant similarities in the behaviors of apparently disparate plasmas. Understanding the scaling of plasma behavior is of more than theoretical value. It allows the results of laboratory experiments to be applied to larger natural or artificial plasmas of interest. The situation is similar to testing aircraft or studying natural turbulent flow in wind tunnels with smaller-scale models.

Similarity transformations (also called similarity laws) help us work out how plasma properties change in order to retain the same characteristics. A necessary first step is to express the laws governing the system in a nondimensional form. The choice of nondimensional parameters is never unique, and it is usually only possible to achieve by choosing to ignore certain aspects of the system.

One dimensionless parameter characterizing a plasma is the ratio of ion to electron mass. Since this number is large, at least 1836, it is commonly taken to be infinite in theoretical analyses, that is, either the electrons are assumed to be massless or the ions are assumed to be infinitely massive. In numerical studies the opposite problem often appears. The computation time would be intractably large if a realistic mass ratio were used, so an artificially small but still rather large value, for example 100, is substituted. To analyze some phenomena, such as lower hybrid oscillations, it is essential to use the proper value.

A commonly used similarity transformation
One commonly used similarity transformation was derived for gas discharges by James Dillon Cobine (1941), Alfred Hans von Engel and Max Steenbeck (1934). They can be summarised as follows:

This scaling applies best to plasmas with a relatively low degree of ionization. In such plasmas, the ionization energy of the neutral atoms is an important parameter and establishes an absolute energy scale, which explains many of the scalings in the table:
 * Since the masses of electrons and ions cannot be varied, the velocities of the particles are also fixed, as is the speed of sound.
 * If velocities are constant, then time scales must be directly proportional to distance scales.
 * In order that charged particles falling through an electric potential gain the same energy, the potentials must be invariant, implying that the electric field scales inversely with the distance.
 * Assuming that the magnitude of the E-cross-B drift is important and should be invariant, the magnetic field must scale like the electric field, namely inversely with the size. This is also the scaling required by Faraday's law of induction and Ampère's law.
 * Assuming that the speed of the Alfvén wave is important and must remain invariant, the ion density (and with it the electron density) must scale with B2, that is, inversely with the square of the size. Considering that the temperature is fixed, this also ensures that the ratio of thermal to magnetic energy, known as beta, remains constant. Furthermore, in regions where quasineutrality is violated, this scaling is required by Gauss's law.
 * Ampère's law also requires that current density scales inversely with the square of the size, and therefore that current itself is invariant.
 * The electrical conductivity is current density divided by electric field and thus scales inversely with the length.
 * In a partially ionized plasma, the electrical conductivity is proportional to the electron density and inversely proportional to the neutral gas density, implying that the neutral density must scale inversely with the length, and ionization fraction scales inversely with the length.

Limitations
While these similarity transformations capture some basic properties of plasmas, not all plasma phenomena scale in this way. Consider, for example, the degree of ionization, which is dimensionless and thus would ideally remain unchanged when the system is scaled. The number of charged particles per unit volume is proportional to the current density, which scales as x−2, whereas the number of neutral particles per unit volume scales as x−1 in this transformation, so the degree of ionization does not remain unchanged but scales as x−1.

title: Plasma scaling


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Talk:Folk Nation

La Raza
La Raza is a Mexican based gang started in the South Side of Chicago they are part of the Folks Nation alliance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Oyesabrosura (talk • contribs) 21:11, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm wondering why "La Raza" is listed as a gang? I've only ever heard La Raza used as a collective self-descriptor by Mexicans and as the name of a Spanish-language newspaper on newsstands in stores, taquerias, bus stations. Jaguara 03:43, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Encourages imitators
Posting the 'meaning' of the Six Points - or any other gang symbols - only encourages imitators, or 'wannabes' (kind of like the old saying "a little knowledge is a dangerous thing"). I would suggest keeping that kind of info off of all entries on street gangs. How they dress or what colors they use etc. might help someone to recognize gang activity in their area - but knowing the inner 'literature' of a gang only helps people who want to pretend to be affiliated.

 * You seem to misunderstand what Wikipedia is all about, 65.116.103.138. —RaD Man (talk) 07:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm of the "knowledge is power" school. Gangbangers are a part of American culture and history.  If someone takes information and uses it to be annoying on the internet or for destructive purposes, the responsibility is on that person, not the provider of information.

Edited some things
Removed Crips from the list of Past and Present Gangs, as they never have been and probably never will be Folks. Also added Imperial Gangsters.
 * I added the Crips back. They have been Folk affiliated and still are in many areas. And I added a ref for it, so you won't just revert. Niteshift36 (talk) 23:26, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
 * And by that logic, how do you explain the 3crips? The 3 represents a broken 8 ball, cause their a people set. What about reports of some pirus claiming Folks? Your own source says SOME crips in SOME areas ALLY with Folks in Florida (and it's only talking about Prison at that). It also says they war in others and have nothing to do with each other in still more. It dosen't say Crips are Folks, because they are two diffrent gangs with two diffrent agendas and philosiphes from two diffrent parts of the country. So I'm taking them back off. If you want to write up something about Crips and Folks being the bestest freinds ever where you're from go right ahead, but crip does not and never will belong on a list of Folks gangs. Disciples and a handful of other Folks wear blue is the only thing Folks and crips really have in common on a national level. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.235.172.207 (talk) 05:44, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * You're talking about one faction.......It is sourced material. Removing it is bordering on vandalism. Niteshift36 (talk) 06:21, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Sourced material that says and I qoute "This alignment may vary for local jurisdictions due to competition for drug territory or violence against one another." Look Niteshift. Your putting Crips under a section called "Past and Present Members of Folks Nation." No matter how common Crips and Folk/Folks gangs being freindly with each other is in Florida or any other part of the country, CRIPS ARE NOT FOLKS. And they never have been. Your putting up false information and using a source that outright says they are not the same gang and even kill each other from time to time as your proof. I'm taking it down. And I'm going to keep taking it down, because it isn't fucking true. It's perfectly reasionable to add a comment about Crips and Folks being freindly with each other. Something of an over simplifaction, but whatever. It will never be reasonable to say Crips are Folks and Folks are Crips. They are two diffrent gangs from two diffrent cities.
 * I am very awae of what the source says. I have never claimed that in ALL cities, they are allied. However, they are in many and, due to treaties, are on a national basis. I have provided a reliable source. You have provided nothing except original research WP:OR, which is not allowed on Wikipedia. Aside from this, you need to tone down your responses and address editors in a civil manner. Removing the sourced information is vandalism. Read WP:RS, WP:V also. Niteshift36 (talk) 07:01, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Niteshift. Try and understand me my freind. You are not saying they are allied. By listing Crips as a Present or Former member of the Folks Alliance, you are saying they are one and the same. Or rather, that Crips is a part of Folks. Or at one point ones. Your not even saying in some areas. You are saying all over the country, all over the world, all Crips are Folks. It just isn't so. Your source does not say it is so. It talks about an alliance. It also says the alliance is of convince, because in Florida (your site can only speak for Florida, my home state by the way) Folks and People out number Crips and Bloods so they choose sides and Crips TEND to ally with Folks. Your source also points out in other areas they are not even freindly, but kill each other over drug turf. Your source is not backing up your claim, there for it is invalid to your argument. Maybe your not meaning to say Crips are Folks. But by putting them there, thats exactly what your saying. You, niteshift, are being the vandil here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.235.172.207 (talk) 07:17, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * We'll see what the result of the complaint you put on the editor assistance board is. Niteshift36 (talk) 07:22, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * You guys (particularyly the IP) are arguing over a moot point. The Crips are currently listed in the article as one of the gangs Allying with the Folk Nation. What's the big problem? D rew S mith  What I've done  07:34, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

BTW, it is common practice to place a new discussion thread at the bottom usually using the "new section" button. It is also common practice to use :'s instead of *'s. When responding to a comment use one more colon than the previous editor used. When starting a new comment simply add it. No need for *'s or :'s D rew  S mith  What I've done  07:36, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The only thing I'm arguing is against the removal of properly represented sourced material. Niteshift36 (talk) 07:38, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * And I agree with you, as I expressed at WP:EAR. It appears the IP is arguing that the crips are not "part of" the folk nation, but rather "have an alliance with" the folk nation. Whether this is true or not doesn't matter, as the article already says they are "in alliance with" not "are a part of". Look at the last word of that section's header! D rew S mith  What I've done  07:43, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

 * You've basicly hit the nail on the head drew. The Proper name of "Folk" would be The F.O.L.K.S. Nations Alliance. A group of Chicago street gangs united by Larry Hoover and his Gangster Disciples under the six princles represented by the Star of David. When that section says "Members of the Folks Alliance" it doesn't mean freinds of Folks. It means members. Crips are not, never have been, and never will be members of the Chicago based Folks Nation. That's my point. As I've said, I see no real problem with listing something about Crips being allied to Folks. But the way he is listing them, he is calling them members. A common and annoying misconception from the "Folk" (as someone else said on this talk page, Folks is an acrynom) crowd. As for removing his sourced material, that very source doesn't back him up. While it does mention, due to be vastly outnumbered, Crips and Bloods in the south tend to choose sides between the Chicago super gangs. It also goes on to say it's not always the case, and the Crips and Folks are even at war from time to time over drug turf, which actually denies his claim to some kind of panglobal alliance. As for starting the talk at the end of the page, when I made this post I just clicked "Start New Section" and it ended up at the top.
 * Well, I've read the source, and it says they are allied with the "Folk" gang. As the section says "Gangs in alliance with", it seems it should be allowed to stay. However, if you can find a source that shows that there is a difference between the "formal" alliance most gangs have with "Folk", and the "informal" alliance the Crips have, then we can start to work on a compromise. Unfortunately at this point, you are introducing original research, or rather, using original research to remove content from the article. His source is shaky, I'll give you that, but until you can find a source that positively proves otherwise, we have to go with it. Wikipedia is about verifiability, not truth. On a seperate, but related point, do either of you claim membership in any of these gangs? D rew S mith  What I've done  09:03, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Absolutely no membership in any criminal street gsng. Niteshift36 (talk) 09:09, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

From what I can determine, you are arguing over what can be inferred from or attributed to a reliable source. In this case anyway, perhaps a direct quote would do with little comment on context or many contrasting comments attributed to qualifying sources ( " various community groups dispute this official police characterisation "). There may be an issue with the reliability of various sources but a biased source can speak for itself when you need to factually describe someone's opinion- be that the opinion of Ted Turner, George Bush, or the leader of a cult like Jonestown. If you can find a primary source that may be acceptable. For example, " the offical dept of corrections position is that the groups are organized as [], ' direct quote from them ', but various community groups have published different characterisations of their relationships[local groups citaitons]"

Nerdseeksblonde (talk) 12:39, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The title of the section is "List of past and present Folks alliances". The source clearly says alliance. Niteshift36 (talk) 13:18, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

The goal here is to try to describe existing knowledge of the topic. If there is significant documented debate about relevant relationships ( "he said, she said" in reliable form ) or a source can be shown, without original research, to use a term in a qualified, specialized ( say a legal term), idiosyncratic or even incorrect manner, then it is reasonable to reorganize the text to make that clear to the wiki reader. If a section name doesn't capture the situation you can change the name. Again, I don't know enough to comment on the merits, just that you don't need to resolve a conflict, just document that it exists.

Nerdseeksblonde (talk) 13:51, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

As a member of the Gangster Disciples, the Crips are NOT a part of the Folk Alliance! In many places that we both exist we get along and do have a kind of "treaty" with each other but they are by no means part of the Folks Alliance and for that matter probably never will be either. The Crips and the members of the Alliance get along because we have common enemies. Oh and MS-13 is not a friendly gang to us either. we associate with some Mexican gang, MS are from El Salvador and hate the Mexican gangs in most places especially where I live and get in to it with GDs all the time too.71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:48, 20 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.150.251.251 (talk) 00:36, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Congrats on your membership. It still doesn't make you a reliable source. And what your particular set may or may not do is not indicative of the entire organization. Niteshift36 (talk) 00:58, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Well considering I know who is part of said alliance I would say I'm pretty reliable, at least more than you are as I am actually a part of it and you are not, just a thought. You are no more reliable than anyone you could possible say isn't. The very first link under references will show you that you are wrong as well. IF they are considered part anywhere it is the fault of the police for assuming that. Yeas we do hang out with Crips but in some places there is fighting too. The Crips are a nation/alliance in themselves, they have many different factions similar to the Folk Nation. Until you are a part of something don't assume that you know what you are talking about just because you read it somewhere, it doesn't matter where you read it if you are not a part of either the Crips or Folks you don't actually know. Trust me the police a lot of times think they know but the are assuming a lot of those things.71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:48, 20 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:09, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * and the second link also was put out by the FBI take a look at that one, if you still don't believe myself or anyone else, then sir you are the most ignorant person I have ever talked to. Congrats!71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:48, 20 April 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:18, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * What second link are you talking about? Oh, here is an idea: Learn how to NOT be a dick. You're hardly reliable. Show me where you are published and maybe I'll take you seriously. Until then, the REAL reliable sources used here will be given weight over your limited personal experience. BTW, learn to sign your posts. Niteshift36 (talk) 04:53, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * The second link under references. For that matter any of them, none of the links on the page show that Crips are part of Folks. I don't know where the link you were talking about before is but none of the ones on this page says anywhere that Crips are a part of Folks. I'm not trying to be a dick but you have argued with just about everyone on this page and I would think at this point maybe you would understand that your "source" is wrong and just admit that that YOU do NOT know everything about gangs. You are not part of one and unless you are you cannot pretend to know what you are talking about. I just think that after this many people have said the same thing over and over that maybe you would do some more research and find out for yourself what is really true and not rely on this ghost link that doesn't exist on this page anymore. I'd be willing to bet you aren't published on the matter either so you can stop that argument there. Post the link in the discussion that you so adamantly abide by on this discussion please, I want to see who actually believes what you are saying is true other than you. I'm just telling you ask ANY Crip, GD, MLD, BD, Royal, or any other FOLKS and they will all give you the same answer as myself. 71.150.251.251 (talk) 17:38, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Someone removed the link. What you fail to understand is that I have a reliable source (which will be restored shortly), stating that they are affiliated. None of you have ever brought a reliable source that says they are not. All you (and the others) have done is come in and say "I'm a gang member and I know". Well guess what? That means less than nothing on Wikipedia. Of course I'm not a gang member. You obviously haven't bothered to read this discussion much because I clearly stated that on June 3. I actually have been published on the topic. I will no, however, use it since it provides my name and I have no interest in providing my name to people like you. What you fail to realize here is that your experience isn't universal. The source I used clearly states that in some areas they will align and in others they will oppose each other. (I added that disclaimer to make it simpler.) Just because the conditions are what they are in your limited area doesn't mean it holds true everywhere. Bottom line: Provide a RELIABLE SOURCE that supports your claim that they are never aligned or quit whining about it. Your limited personal observations are useless in the article. Niteshift36 (talk) 17:56, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * What you are failing to read apparently is that I have said yes, even in my area we get along and could be classified as "affiliated" BUT that does mean that they are by any means part of Folks. We are friendly in most places but again they are not Folks. I honestly could care less what your name is. I'm not a common thug who starts violence and commits stupid crimes because I think it is cool. We are simply talking in a discussion board and that apparently make everyone so hard all of a sudden. There is no way, sir, that I can believe that you are published on the matter of the Folks without seeing, as you like to point out a lot it seems, PROOF! It seems to me that it was removed because it was not credible. I mean if yours is so much more credible than you might as well delete ALL the links under the references cause that would mean that they are all wrong then huh? Doubtful. The only truly "credible" source on this page that is not a gang member would have to be the FBI and on their page (linked under references) it clearly states the same thing that I am. 71.150.251.251 (talk) 18:17, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Get something straight. I am using a reliable source. I am not relying on my own expertise or anything I have written. Therefore, I don't need to provide you evidence of anything I've done. My experience isn't being used. Get it? Of course your request (demand) is laughable since you haven't bothered to prove anything except that you don't read policies. The FBI link does NOT say that Crips and Folk are never aligned. It recognizes the considerable influence of the 4, but does not state that Crips and Folk never align and always fight. I made a notation in the article that it is area variable. That should be sufficient. BTW, given what you're trying to put into the article, you really need to read WP:RS. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:31, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * What you are missing is that I have said many time, some of the gangs from the Folks and the Crips DO get along, mostly where Crips are vastly outnumbered, but they are NOT part of the actual Folks. That is all I, and others, have been trying to get you to realize. Like I said before where I live we get along great with the Crips, but they are not part of the Folks. Yes they are friendly for the most part around the south and midwest and if there was a section started on friendly gangs or something of the such there would be no argument from me or most people if they were in there it's just simply that they are under "List of major gangs under the Folks alliance" which they are not part of. I'll say it again in case you aren't actually reading what I'm typing. Crips are friendly/allies but NOT part of the Folks Alliance. 71.150.251.251 (talk) 18:40, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * It's simple. The heading says ALLIANCE. It doesn't say MEMBERSHIP. Crips are frequently aligned with Folk. I provided a reliable source that supports that. I noted that it is area dependant. You have shown no reliable source for anything, let alone that contradicts what I put there. Unless you bring a reliable source, there is nothing left to discuss. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:50, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

Link spam?
Why would you remove this link from the external links section and call it link spam?: http://www.thehoodup.com/content/view/15/44/

I think it's a very informative page on this subject. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ElevationalMentality (talk • contribs) 20:46, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
This page is written horrendously. Can someone put up the "Editorial Standards" thing and maybe add some references? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.17.108.255 (talk) 17:52, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

No Original Research and NPOV
Everything in this article is original research and violtaes the NPOV Guidelines established by Wikipedia. Either find some sources for things in the article, and remove the NPOV violations or just delete the whole thing because it is a wast of everyone's time.JoeyFNK 19:28, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Vandalism
thank you for deleting the earlier vandalism earlier today.

unsourced material
I have commented out the unsupported sections. When sources are found, add them and remove the to let the text display again. DGG (talk) 04:54, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I see an anon. editor deleted the material entirely. I can't say I object. But if anyone can source material on this, they should certainly return that portion to the article. DGG (talk) 17:48, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Content
This Article used to be long, but now it's short. I think somebody should lengthn it again.--ItsJodo (talk) 02:50, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

 * anyone who wants to add appropriate properly sourced information should certainly do so. Properly sourced, according to WP:V. DGG (talk) 04:16, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Stop posting that crips are part of the Folk Nation or bloods are part of the People Nation those gangs do not exist in midwestern states especially Chicago. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chicagofacts (talk • contribs) 22:45, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

AND ITS FOLKS not FOLK. FOLKS please FIX THIS! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.41.30.231 (talk) 08:18, 26 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The actual name is Folk Nation. "Folks" is a colloquialism.  I will add that to the article.Asher196 (talk) 13:38, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Asher,listen. FOLKS is an acroynmn whihc I shall not reveal. The term folk came from Southerners who took away kin outta kinfolk and it is used by rival People (or Brother) Nations as a disrespectful term. Its FOLKS, and its not a "Nation" as it is a alliance of nations. Get yo shit straight kid! Its FOLKS Alliance.
 * Take a look at this link - chicagogangs.org It uses the term "Folk Nation" many times.  Look at this one also - Florida Dept. of Corrections.  Asher196 (talk) 23:47, 9 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Your using a website that the info is mostly incorrect. I know an actual GD from CHICAGO and he can tell you the same thing and he from a Renegade deck which I shall not reveal but he can even tell you its FOLKS!!! And its not a nation but its an Alliance. That Folk nation is shit police identify and shit brothers/people gangs use to disrespect folks mobs. Get it right!
 * If we have it wrong here, then come up with sources to back up your claims. If you need help, try reading WP:CITE, WP:RS Asher196 (talk) 03:38, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

THIS NEEDS TO BE FIXED
CLEARLY EAST COAST BLOODS AND CRIPS NEED TO HAVE THERE OWN ARTICLES BECAUSE THEY HAVE ALOT TO DO WITH THESE NATIONS BUT THE WEST COAST ONES CLEARLY DO NOT —Preceding unsigned comment added by Insert account (talk • contribs) 03:01, 14 July 2008 (UTC) Crips are not FOLKS and should not be throwing up the 6 or pitchforks unless the are 473 or 4Trey( Devil Crips aka Triple 6 Crips aka Devil Gangsta Crips) and in that case should not be using the Star of David in any way shade or form. If so they are confused Kansas City originate 8 Ball Crips and should be educated and relieved of their ways.

Insane GDs are not FOLKS they are are their own nation that originated in Detroit.They adopted the name GD and came to Chicago to expand. Contrary 2 popular belief they are not apart of the Growth and Development movement what so ever. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.33.225.82 (talk) 03:35, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

It should be FOLKS NATION not folk, the S stands for something. BriteD (talk) 21:53, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

And thats right it is an Alliance of gangs not a nation with a leader or board. BriteD (talk) 21:56, 25 April 2016 (UTC)
 * This article currently has two reliable sources. If you would like to add, remove or change anything, we will need independent relaible sources. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 22:49, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

Factoids
I notice their is no mention of the big factions in Folks on this page, like the Insanes (Insane Cobras, ect) or the Almighty Famalias (Imperial Gangsters, Simon City Royals, and others). Or of course, the Disciples. I've also noticed no mention that each diffrent gang in folk uses a diffrent pitchfork, if any at all. The Manic Latin Disciples draw their Pitchforks and postion them diffrently then the Satan Disciples do who do it diffrently then the Gangster Disciples do. And the Imperials and Royals don't even use pitchforks in their tags. In fact in hand signs they throw down the forks, to show they are still Folks but are not allianed with Disciples. Actually the only universal sign of Folks is the Star of David, though the Disciples are by FAR the largest faction and it's understandable why people think it's the pitchfork. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.235.172.207 (talk) 07:23, 3 June 2009 (UTC) Why can't you source DOJ? If it is a FOIA request result, it is freely available even if not available via a link. Does wiki require online only or just as a courtesy you have highly controversial results that can't be easily checked online? Primary sources make great references even if you are afraid of original research. Personally, I run into this problem with Dendreon since I've been following them for so long- no hidden sources just my own theories and attitudes. Nerdseeksblonde (talk) 16:13, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * You think you're educating me. Please stop thinking that. You have to understand something here. It's not about what you or I know, it is what we can SHOW with RELIABLE SOURCES. That is the standard here. There is a lot of stuff I know, but can't show. I have reams of information from the US DOJ that I can't source on here. I have stacks of material from every gang conference I've attended that I can't show here. Seriously, read this WP:Truth and it will put some of this into perspective. Just the first lines should tell you something: Truth is not the criteria for inclusion of any idea or statement in a Wikipedia article, even if it is on a scientific topic. The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth—that is, whether readers are able to check that material added to Wikipedia has already been published by a reliable source, not whether we think it is true." I know that sounds strange, but that is how it ends up working here. I don't like it. You probably won't like it. But that's how it is. Niteshift36 (talk) 07:31, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
 * While it's been some time since I posted this, I can't help but notice from your tone you seem to be under the impression this is YOUR page to edit or keep up. Fact of the matter is, I was talking to anyone that felt like doing a write up on it, not you. Tell me Niteshift, if I where to complete redo this page with some actual history and pics and explaining the diffrent factions and all that, would you simply revert it back five minutes later because I didn't list the Crips as members? Or maybe because you seem to think anyone but you changing the page = vandilisim? Actual members of these gangs are screaming at the gates something is wrong, but you keep declaring some old little snipit of a website kind of backups your arguments if you don't read half the article. This is everyone's page to edit and niteshift, whatever creditantials you think you have does not over rule anyone else.
 * Perhaps you should look again. There are several editors that routinely revert unsourced changes. The Crips are sourced as being affiliated as allied with the Folk Nation. You can't just go around removing sourced information without cause. That is called vandalism. I know what my credentials are, so save that line. Everything I've done here is in line with wikipedia policy. Read them, use them, especially the ones about WP:OR, WP:RS and WP:COI. You might even read WP:TRUTH while you are at it. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:18, 22 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I've used some off-line DOJ material once on another article, but I had to battle to get it used. Other materials are designated as "law enforcement sensitive". It's a low grade classification, but prevents legal reproduction on the web (in other words, I can't upload the file). It could be released under FOIA, but some of the material would be redacted. Frankly, it's more work than I want to do right now. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:40, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Deleted Crips and Vandalism
Crips are not part of Folks Nation because Crips themselves it's own nation of smaller gangs united under the Crips alliance. The only alliance Folks and Crips ever had was the 8-Ball Alliance that was not sanctioned by Folks leaders in Chicago. Just because Crips wear Blue and Gangster Disciples use Black & Blue does not mean they are allies... there are many gangs under Folks who do not wear Black & Blue like example Imperial Gangsters = Black & Pink, Spanish Cobras = Black & Green, Harrison Gents = Black & Purple, Satan Disciples = Black & Canary Yellow. Folks is an alliance of other gangs that only unify in Prison and most of the time fight on the streets depending if they have a peace treaty or not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.44.91.74 (talk) 08:39, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Why are Crips put back on the list?
They are not part of Folks Nation. It's very simple, Crips and Bloods started in L.A. Folks and People Nation started in Chicago. THERE ARE NO CRIPS OR BLOODS IN CHICAGO TO START AN ALLIANCE WITH EITHER NATION.

Crips and GD's get a long because they're both black gangs and they both wear blue. That doesn't mean they are allies or part of each other's gangs. Half of these "GOVERNMENT" websites are crap and have false information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.44.91.74 (talk) 11:29, 3 September 2009 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter if there are Crip in Chicago. While the Folk Nation started in Chicago, it's not limited to Chicago, nor do alliances have to be limited only to that local area. The material is referenced. Niteshift36 (talk) 13:35, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Yes it does, because if there are no Crips in Chicago how the hell are they part of Folks Nation alliance??? Niteshift seriously stop editing gang wikipedia's since you seriously don't know anything about the subject. To become a part of FOLKS NATION and it's F.O.L.K.S NOT F.O.L.K because it stands for something FOllow all Laws the King Sets the King being Larry Hoover chairman of the Gangster Disciples the guy responsible for making the alliance in Joliet Correctional Facility in Illinois.

To become a part of it every leader from every gang under the Folks alliance in Prison would vote a gang into the alliance. NO ONE VOTED IN THE CRIPS!!! BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT FROM CHICAGO! It's real simple. Crips and Gangster Disciples got confused for one another in other states because they both wear Blue and they're both Black gangs. Crips are not Folks. Whats the point if your giving everyone wrong information? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.44.91.74 (talk) 21:09, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I know plenty about the subject my friend. Again, it doesn't matter if Crips aren't from Chicago. The Folk Nation is not limited to the Chicago area. And it's not Folks. I can provide you plenty of reliable sources, which is what Wikipedia requires, as opposed to your urban legend WP:OR. So far, you haven't contributed a single reliable source to refute the reliable source that is referenced here. All you've done it say "it's not true" and tell everyone what an expert you are. Either follow the policies or stop wasting time. Niteshift36 (talk) 23:41, 11 September 2009 (UTC)
 * it is F.O.L.K.S. and History did an episode of Gangland called Ganster, Inc check that out if you still believe that the Crips are Folks. You will never hear a Crip say to another Crips "what up folks" you will only hear that between members of the actual Folks Alliance. Crips refer to each other as "Crip", "C", or "cuz" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.150.251.251 (talk) 04:43, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Play all the spelling games etc you want. Reliable sources trump WP:IHEARDOFIT every time. Niteshift36 (talk) 04:55, 20 April 2010 (UTC)

F.O.L.K.S.
This Gangster Disciple I knew told me F.O.L.K.S. stands for "following our lord king Satan." He said not all the homies knew this. The "follow all laws the king sets" theory advanced above also gets some hits on the net. I think it is worth mentioning that F.O.L.K.S. is a common spelling of the gang and that different acronyms are attributed to it, including the two above. Let's put the Satan one first, though, because of the pitchforks and because Satan is cooler than Larry Hoover.

Isn't it cool that I know a for-real gangster? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.88.158.88 (talk) 23:05, 25 December 2010 (UTC)
 * That's from a faction called The Satan Disciples, who where originally led by a guy who called himself Satan. It does not mean the Folks worship the Christian devil Lucifier. And as far as it being cool to know a for-real gangster, if he thinks that what FOLKS stand for he's probably a net-banger who just read a bunch of (fake, made up, or purposely placed misinformation) online and started calling himself a disciple. Or maybe joined the gang of someone who did the above. I sometimes wonder if the southern Folk Nation should be classifed as a whole nother entitey then the midwestern F.O.L.K.S. I wouldn't say they are fake gang bangers. Not all of them anyway. But they are certianly not really part of the G.D.s or SCRs or IGs or what have you. All the gangs suffer from this, I suppose, but it seems really bad with Folks. Maybe it's just the mispelling of their name makes it stick out though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.35.163.210 (talk) 02:21, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Notable alliances
Just because a reliable source mentions an alliance, that doesn't mean it is that notable. For something like BGD, it would be because BGD is notable enough to have their own article. Their notability has been established. Where is the article for the Two-Sixers? Their notability hasn't been established yet. To illustrate: The book and film for Blackhawk Down are each notable. They name many people. Some, like Gary Gordon or Randy Shughart, have their own notability. Others, like Casey Joyce, did not. How notable can an alliance be when the gang isn't notable enough for an article? Niteshift36 (talk) 20:15, 4 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Lack of an article does not preclude notability, it just means nobody created an article yet. A reliable source says certain sets are notable, and that fact is good enough for me to include them in the list of notable sets.--Asher196 (talk) 12:07, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Lack of an article doesn't preclude it, but it does make you establish notability. Just because there is a mention in a source doesn't mean it needs repeated here. As I said above, we can reliably source a ton of people in the battle in Mogindishu, but listing them all in the article wouldn't make sense. If there is no inidication that they'd pass WP:N or have some special significance, then they shouldn't be listed. Niteshift36 (talk) 12:13, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

The GDs dropped the B years ago. RelatedToMarioPrayer (talk) 09:42, 9 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Great. Just bring the reliable source..... Niteshift36 (talk) 16:23, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

Bro, there doesn’t need to be a reliable source. It’s called common sense and the fact that the Wikipedia article pertaining to the Gangster Disciples isn’t titled “Black Gangster Disciples.” RelatedToMarioPrayer (talk) 16:48, 9 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Bro, everything in Wikipedia needs a reliable source. Read WP:V. You might also find WP:TRUTH interesting. Niteshift36 (talk) 19:05, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

Why would it need a reliable source when the Wikipedia article “OutLaw Gangster Disciples” says it for you? RelatedToMarioPrayer (talk) 22:03, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

Why would it need a reliable source when the Wikipedia article “OutLaw Gangster Disciples” says it for you? RelatedToMarioPrayer (talk) 22:03, 9 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, for one thing, Wikipedia isn't a reliable source. Secondly, the sources in use it. Third, the source in the Outlaw GD article isn't a RS and has been removed. Besides, this article doesn't use BGD in the first place. Niteshift36 (talk) 18:40, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Folk Nation. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080110064322/http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2001/december2001/dec01p6.htm to http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2001/december2001/dec01p6.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:33, 22 January 2016 (UTC)

Trying to add gangs
I’ve tried repeatedly to add known valid street gangs from Chicago and for some reason some gangs that don’t even exist in the folk alliance are still here but others are not PickleJeuce (talk) 04:43, 18 May 2019 (UTC)
 * The section you are trying to add names to, "Major sets", has two potential problems. First, the source cited in that section is -- as it says -- a "1995 report from the Florida Department of Corrections' Security Threat Intelligence Unit". If the set is not in that source, it cannot be added to that section unless you find and cite a reliable source for it.
 * Second up is the title, "Major sets". Wikipedia has a lot of lists. Some, by there nature are comprehensive: a list of the mayors of Philadelphia should list all of them, even the ones from the early 18th century who served for just a year as a figurehead. Others couldn't possibly by comprehensive: we wouldn't want a list of everyone from New York City. In this case, we have no way to know that we have listed every set (it's not like they have an official website listing members), so the question becomes which ones to list. Unless there is a sourced reason for inclusion, we generally go with "notability". Much like List of people from New York City lists only those people from NYC who have articles, this list of "Major sets" lists only those sets that A) have a source saying they are a set of Folk Nation and B) have their own article. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 14:03, 20 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Exactly. Just because they exist doesn't mean they get added. Niteshift36 (talk) 16:20, 20 May 2019 (UTC)

Gangsters the real one
A TRUE GANGSTER WILL NEVER. FOLD UNDER NO PRESSER TO SPIT YOUR LIT WITH ANYONE 2601:245:C701:1660:646F:55F9:B39F:8695 (talk) 11:23, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

That true cause you can't get nothing out me and you can't tell me I ain't no Gangster. Poohg333 (talk) 00:31, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Folk Nation


text:
Fuqua School of Business

The Fuqua School of Business (pronounced ) is the business school of Duke University, a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. It enrolls more than 1,300 students in degree-seeking programs. Duke Executive Education also offers non-degree business education and professional development programs.

History
Formed in 1969, the Graduate School of Business Administration enrolled its first class of 20 students in 1970. In 1974, Thomas F. Keller, a 1953 Duke graduate, became the graduate school's new dean. In three years, Keller's capital campaign raised $24 million, $10 million of which came from businessman and philanthropist J. B. Fuqua. The graduate school's name was then changed to the Fuqua School of Business.

J. B. Fuqua was raised by his grandparents on a tobacco farm in Prince Edward County, Virginia. Fuqua began his relationship with Duke University when he borrowed books by mail from the Duke library. J. B. Fuqua's cumulative giving to Duke was nearly $40 million at the time of his death on April 5, 2006.

In September 2008, Fuqua launched an expansion initiative to establish offices in St. Petersburg, Russia; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Shanghai/Kunshan, China; New Delhi, India; and London, England.

Admissions

For the daytime MBA class of 2024, Fuqua had a 20.5% acceptance rate with 3,539 applications received. Approximately 55% of those accepted into the MBA program enrolled to fill a class of 399. The median GMAT score was 720. Fuqua reports an 80% GMAT range of 680–760, with 52% international and 48% female students.

Academics
The school's faculty is organized into ten disciplines, including Accounting, Marketing, Decision Sciences, Economics, Finance, Management, Health Sector Management, Management Communication, Operations Management, and Strategy. The faculty was ranked number one in the US by BusinessWeek (Intellectual Capital) in 2010 and 2012.

While working at Duke University, former Professor Robert E. Whaley developed the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (ticker symbol: VIX), a measure of the implied market volatility. Another notable faculty member is Dan Ariely, an Israeli-American professor of psychology and behavioral economics.

Joint degrees
The Duke MBA offers several joint degree programs in conjunction with other graduate and professional programs at Duke. These programs allow students to earn two degrees in less time than if they pursued the two separately. Joint degrees are offered with Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University School of Law, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Sanford School of Public Policy, and the Duke University School of Nursing.

Careers
Poets&Quants 2020 ranking of MBA compensation indicated that Fuqua ranked 11th in the US for average starting pay (salary and bonus) at a total of $161,079. Additionally, Fuqua's MBA program ranked 8th in the US for the percentage of students who had jobs 3 months after graduating.

For the graduating, full-time MBA class of 2019, the top five hiring companies include: McKinsey & Co. (45), Amazon (38), BCG (37), Microsoft (23), Dell (18), and Google (18).

Research centers
Research centers at the Fuqua School of Business further specific academic interests of the business school. Such research centers include:

 * The Fuqua/Coach K Center of Leadership & Ethics (COLE) – COLE was established as a collaboration between Fuqua, Duke Athletics and The Kenan Institute for Ethics to advance leadership through research and education.
 * Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE) – The center promotes innovative and entrepreneurial approaches to improving social conditions through education and research.
 * Center of Entrepreneurship and Innovation (CEI) – Fuqua created this center to advance scholarship in the areas of entrepreneurship and innovation, with the goal of creating one of the top environments for students interested in entrepreneurship.
 * Center for Energy, Development and the Global Environment (EDGE) – EDGE pursues education, research, and outreach focusing on two primary topical areas: Global Energy and Corporate Sustainability.
 * Center for Financial Excellence – The Center for Financial Excellence supports financial research and education at Duke, with particular emphasis on strengthening relationships between faculty, students, and finance professionals.

Buildings
Fuqua School of Business spans several buildings. They include:
 * Thomas F. Keller Center has several classrooms and support offices and was named for former Dean Thomas F. Keller.
 * Wesley Alexander Magat Academic Center was built in 1999. The majority of faculty offices and smaller meeting rooms are located here.
 * Lafe P. and Rita D. Fox Student Center has a student lounge, dining facilities, student communications center, and additional office space.
 * Breeden Hall was named in honor of Dean Douglas Breeden and his wife Josie. It was built in 2008 and holds classrooms and auditoriums, the Ford Library, team rooms, meeting space, and MBA admissions and operations offices.
 * JB Duke Hotel opened in 2017 and includes the R. David Thomas Executive Conference Center, and guest rooms and suites.

Notable alumni

 * John A. Allison IV (M.B.A. 1974), head of the Cato Institute; former chairman and CEO, BB&T
 * Jack O. Bovender Jr. (M.H.A. 1969), former chairman and CEO, HCA
 * Jonathan Browning (Global Executive M.B.A. 1997) former U.S. CEO, Volkswagen Group of America
 * Jessica Faye Carter (J.D. 2002, M.B.A. 2002), author, columnist, social media entrepreneur
 * Tim Cook (M.B.A. 1988), CEO, Apple Inc.
 * Lennie Friedman (M.B.A. 2011), NFL offensive lineman
 * Melinda Gates (A.B. 1986, M.B.A. 1987), co-founder, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
 * Pat Garrity, (M.B.A. 2011), former NBA basketball player; assistant general manager, Detroit Pistons
 * David Gibbs, (M.B.A. 1988), CEO, Yum! Brands
 * Brian Hamilton (M.B.A. 1990), co-founder and former chairman, Sageworks; founder Inmates to Entrepreneurs
 * Mony Iyer (M.B.A 2006), President, Banfield Pet Hospital
 * W. Bruce Johnson (B.A., J.D., M.B.A. 1977), former interim CEO and president, Sears Holdings Corporation
 * L. Kevin Kelly (Executive M.B.A. 1999), CEO of Heidrick & Struggles
 * Michael Lamach (MS, Global Executive M.B.A. 2001), president, chairman, and CEO, Ingersoll Rand
 * Alison Levine (M.B.A. 2000), Mount Everest climber, author (On the Edge); documentary executive producer (The Glass Ceiling)
 * Ron Nicol (M.B.A. 1986), Senior Partner and Managing Director, Boston Consulting Group
 * William Peffer (M.B.A. 2003), Head of Americas at Maserati
 * Hilda Pinnix-Ragland (M.B.A. 1986), Chairwoman of the Board of Trustees at North Carolina A&T State University
 * Mark Reuss (M.B.A. 1990), President of General Motors
 * Namita Thapar (M.B.A. 2001), Shark Tank India Judge and Executive Director, Emcure Pharmaceuticals
 * Christian Van Thillo (M.B.A. 1989), CEO, De Persgroep
 * Brett Velicovich, (M.B.A. 2012), Fox News contributor and former United States Army intelligence.
 * Jeff Williams (Apple), (M.B.A. 1998), COO, Apple Inc.
 * Lynn Perry Wooten, (M.B.A. 1990), 9th President of Simmons University

title: Fuqua School of Business


text:
1872–73 in English football

The 1872–73 season was the second season of competitive football in England. When the Football Association football was formed in 1863, the sport was played mainly by public schools, or teams with public school roots, and amateurism was the norm. This remained the case until the 1880s, when working-class teams began to vie for supremacy. The Football Association staged the second edition of the FA Cup, with Wanderers retaining the trophy by defeating Oxford University in the final.

The first officially recognised international football match took place on 30 November 1872 when Scotland hosted England.

First official international
The Scotland v England match in November 1872 is now officially recognised by FIFA as the first-ever international football match. The Football Association (FA) had initiated five matches between English and Scottish players since 1870, but those are now rated as representative games only because the Scotland teams consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots.

The first international match that is now officially recognised took place after Queen's Park, the leading Scottish club at the time, invited the FA to select an England team to face a Scotland team (which, as they selected it, consisted entirely of Queen's Park players). The match took place at the Hamilton Crescent cricket ground in Partick, Glasgow on 30 November 1872 and ended in a 0–0 draw in front of around 4,000 spectators. England's team was captained by Cuthbert Ottaway of Oxford University and consisted of players from eight different clubs and one Army regiment.

Return fixture
The FA hosted a return match at Kennington Oval on 8 March 1873, now officially rated the first international match in England. England adopted Scotland's 2–2–6 formation but retained only two of the players who had appeared in the November match. These were Harwood Greenhalgh of Notts County in defence and Charles Chenery of the original Crystal Palace club in attack. This team had a strong Wanderers influence with Leonard Howell, Walpole Vidal, Alexander Bonsor, William Kenyon-Slaney and Hubert Heron all selected (there were no Wanderers players in the Glasgow match). Of those, however, only Heron would play more than two matches for England. The other players selected were Alexander Morten in goal, William Clegg (whose brother Charlie had played in the previous match) and two Royal Engineers, Pelham von Donop and Alfred Goodwyn.

Scottish FA founded
The Scotland team lacked funding and could only raise enough money to cover rail fares for eight players to travel. Their team was augmented by three of the Anglo-Scots who had appeared in the representative matches: A. F. Kinnaird, John Blackburn and Henry Renny-Tailyour. The match ended in a 4–2 victory for England with Kenyon-Slaney scoring the first-ever international goal. The Scottish Football Association was belatedly formed on 13 March, five days after the second match, and assumed responsibility for running the Scotland team.

FA Cup
In the second edition of the FA Cup, the rules granted automatic qualification to the final for the holders, Wanderers, on a challenge basis similar to that employed in boxing. The final was played on 29 March 1873 at Lillie Bridge, a ground which Wanderers sometimes used as their home venue. Wanderers retained the trophy with a 2–0 victory over Oxford University. The challenge rule was scrapped after this match so that, in 1874, Wanderers began their defence in the first round with all other entrants.

Oxford University came through four rounds to reach the final. In turn, they defeated Crystal Palace at home 3–2, Clapham Rovers away 0–3 and Royal Engineers at home 1–0. In the semi-final, they were due to play Queen's Park but the Scottish club withdrew and Oxford University went into the final on a walkover.

Honours
( Note: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up. * indicates a new record for most competition wins. )

title: 1872–73 in English football


text:
Talk:Dmitry of Suzdal

Old talk
Should we move the article to Dmitry Konstantinovich of Suzdal or something similar? I am no expert, so I am not moving the article. Just thought to propose it here. Thanks! -Irpen 21:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * That was my mistake, a silly one, there is Dmitry Konstantinovich Romanov, son of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, I've fixed a redlink with this one, btw, if someone makes an article about Romanov here is a site with image:, an reproduction of an old photo - should not be copirighted Gnomz007 03:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't think the article should be moved. First of all, Dmitry was prince of Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir, not of Suzdal only. Secondly, Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich was a far less important person and should be the subject of Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich article. Also, we have the articles like Mikhail Yaroslavich about Mikhail of Tver, and their titles haven't been questioned as yet. --Ghirlandajo 10:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Oh, I lied, he was the son of Konstantin Nikolaevich RomanovGnomz007 04:45, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dmitry of Suzdal


text:
User talk:Laurenw919

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! CryptoDerk 21:31, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Laurenw919


text:
Talk:Dafydd Iwan

Hafan Pwllheli
''Some say the beginning of the end of Dafydd Iwan's political career was the Hafan Pwllheli fiasco. A proposal to extend the marina in Pwllheli by 300 berths was supported by Dafydd Iwan, but rejected by many Plaid Cymru councillors for being a threat to the Welsh language.''

Removed the above which is (a) unattributed (b) far too strongly expressed, makes it sound as if it's taken for granted his career is on the rocks. The way the BBC report it it hardly looks like a "fiasco" or the end of his career, more like just one incident in a long political life, and not (yet at least) worthy of inclusion in this short entry. Flapdragon 21:32, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Date of birth
Oh dear, we have a puzzle here! On Dafydd Iwan's official website (http://dafyddiwan.com), the English part of the site says Aug 23rd, but the Welsh part says 24th! (A web search throws up lots of 24ths, but these references have come from this site, which said 24 up till today, when it was changed). Personally I'd be tempted to trust the Welsh more (i.e. 24rd) as the original article was almost certainly written in Welsh, then translated (with the error) to the English. Hogyn Lleol 12:23, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Both versions of his site now say 24th. --Money money tickle parsnip (talk) 16:42, 22 July 2016 (UTC)

Family members
Why does the article mention Alun Ffred, but not his rather famous brother Huw Ceredig?130.212.93.30 (talk) 18:22, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dafydd Iwan


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/to do


text:
Frobisher

Frobisher may refer to:

People

 * Frobisher (surname), a surname shared by several real and fictional people

Places

 * Frobisher, Saskatchewan
 * Frobisher Bay, a bay in Baffin Island, named after Martin Frobisher
 * Frobisher Bay, the former name of a town in Baffin Island, Canada, now known as Iqaluit
 * Frobisher Lake, a lake in central Saskatchewan

Other uses

 * Frobisher (Doctor Who), a character from the comic strips based on the television series Doctor Who
 * Robert Frobisher, a character from David Mitchell's novel Cloud Atlas
 * HMS Frobisher, two ships of the Royal Navy
 * Frobisher Says, a video game

title: Frobisher


text:
Category:Mountains of Mali

The mountains of Mali.

title: Category:Mountains of Mali


text:
Talk:Electrum

Egyptian Usage
There was an omission in the article regarding Ancient Egyptian uses of Electrum. The Ancient Egyptians also used Electrum to make the Pharaoh's war helmets. Also, Electrum was highly prized in Egypt because silver was scarce, however it never became more popular than Gold, which was the holy metal. Herb143 (talk) 01:01, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Sumerian texts
"Lost book?" I'm guessing this refers to the "Lost Book of Enki," which is a work of fiction by Zecharia Sitchin. Sitchin wrote it as a "what if" book, where he took his theories and wrote them out as a fictional novel. This isn't even a debate, he specifically wrote it as fiction. It's not a Sumerian text. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.241.0.178 (talk) 07:21, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Absurd figures

 * A 'stater' was worth 168 grains of wheat, or around one month's pay for a soldier.

That's patently absurd. 168 grains of wheat must be about enough to make a few crumbs of bread. Soldiers might have lived on less food back then but I doubt that they survived on a few crumbs a month, nor that those few crumbs cost a half-ounce of precious metal.

I'm guessing that the actual fact is something completely different, such as: "a stater weighed the same as 168 grains of wheat," or "a stater was worth about 168 pounds of wheat," or whatever. But I don't know what the fact is, so I'm just going to delete the entire comparison to wheat for now, because as it stands it's utter bosh. Could whoever put it there to begin with, or someone else, look up the actual fact and put it in, preferably with a citation?

First Used
The article had been changed to state:

 * Electrum is believed to have been first used in coins circa 700 BC in Lydia under the reign of Alyattes II.

However, our own page on Alyattes states:

 * Alyattes II, king of Lydia (619-560 BC)

Obviously, there is an error here.

With all the mirroring of Wikipedia, it's somewhat difficult to find a reliable source online, however keeping that in mind: Encarta: Coins and Coin Collecting quotes the origins as being between 620BC and 600BC.

I'm switching it back to "circa 600 BC"

(Done by User MinstrelOfC - note that I am not logged in due to technical issues)

66.82.9.53 21:33, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Does everything here belong in Electrum?
I've noticed that the entire "History" section deals only with Electrum as it was used in coinage.

It might be an idea to split the article into "Electrum" and "Electrum Coinage", maybe add a note at the top that this article deals only with naturally occuring Electrum.

Anyone agree?

PS: I found an interesting article that could be useful to someone making a full "Electrum Coinage" page - Google HTML-ized version of a PDF entitled: "The Electrum Coinage of Samos in the Light of a Recent Hoard"

(Done by User MinstrelOfC - note that I am not logged in due to technical issues)

66.82.9.53 22:03, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

In 1903 Hobart at the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus excavated a find of 93 electrum coins known as the Artemission find. 19 of these early electrum coins were found inside a common pottery vessel dating to 650-625 BC. Invention of coinage is traditionally dated to 700 BC, and attributed by Herodotus to the Lydians. Modern archaeologists prefer 600 BC but this is thought unlikely by numismatic electrum specialists. Coinage likely is invented in Lydia and Ionia around 670 BC. Electrum was regarded a seperate metal to gold and silver. The coins were accepted by denominational value rather than bullion content, their worth guaranteed by royal authority. Electrum varies in gold content 85% to 35%. Dr Konuk notes early Samian coins of the same dies but with widely different bullion content. The substantive Lydian trite issues of Alyattes are issued at 55% gold. The trade coinages of Kyzikos and Phokaia, and later Lesbos, are issued around 45% gold. These coinages end with the monetary reforms of Alexander the Great and his empire. (Joe Linzalone, Wolfshead Galery)

Lydian coinage begins under Gyges, 680-645 BC, founder of the Mermnadae dynasty. The Electrum coins circulated as true coinage with value guaranteed on royal authority without reference to bullion content, which varies in natural electrum. Alyattes (Walwetes in Lydian) issued the famous Lion electrum coinage, known then as Walwi, meaning Lion and referring to the type as well as the king's name. This was likely issued to pay the Lydian mercenary army for his wars of conquest. On rare issues of this coinage his name "Walwet" is engraved before the Lion's face. These early coins (c. 600 BC) are the first time a king puts his name on a coin.(Joe Linzalone, Wolfshead Galery)

Coin dating
The above information about the dating of Lydian electrum coinage, that it was initiated under Gyges c. 680-645 BC, is a century old, and outdated. Specifically, this dating was popularized by Barclay Head, author of among other notable books Historia Numorum, published in its final edition in 1911. It is correct that modern archeologists prefer the c. 600 BC dating for these coins because the archeological evidence argues for it. Numismatists also prefer this dating because the numismatic evidence argues for it as well.

Reidgold 02:16, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Alyattes' name
The name "Alyattes II" is in all likelihood incorrect. Wikipedia uses "Alyattes II," based on the 1911 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, as does John Lempriere's 1788 Classical Dictionary (Biblioteca Classica). These references rely heavily on ancient epigraphs, which are lists of kings on clay tablets and other media. Epigraphic lists, however, are known by historians today to be generally unreliable as historical documents. For one thing, they sometimes combine kings from different regions. Livio C. Stecchini contended, for instance, that Gyges was the first Lydian king and those before him, including the earlier Alyattes, were kings of nearby Maionia, a Phrygia dependency. What's more, epigraphic lists are often legendary rather than annalistic, including as they do, for instance, the mythic hero Herakles as a city's founder, so another possibility is that "Alyattes I" was a legendary rather than a historical figure.

The ancient historians Herodotos and Strabo both refer to Kroisos' father as Alyattes and make no mention of an earlier King Alyattes of Lydia in their writings on Lydia. The same is true of modern historians, archeologists, and numismatists who have focused on Lydia, including George M.A. Hanfmann, Robert W. Wallace, Koray Konuk, and Andrew Ramage. Likewise, other newer sources such as recent editions of Oxford Classical Dictionary and Encyclopaedia Britannica don't use "Alyattes II" and make no mention of an earlier Lydian king named Alyattes.

Reidgold 02:03, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Noted error of specific data.
$$Insert formula here$$ In the player's handbook 2nd edition of AD&D on page 35 it clearly states;

20 silver pieces (s.p.) = 1 gold piece (g.p.) 2 electrium pieces (e.p.) = 1 g.p.

so the exact statement should read that 1 ep = 10 sp.

thank you, Rachael S. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.254.189.12 (talk) 05:00, 8 April 2007 (UTC).

Stater weight
The article reads (my bold):

 * In Lydia, electrum was minted into 4.76-gram coins, each valued at 1/3 stater (meaning "standard"). Three of these coins (with a weight of about 14.1 grams) totaled one stater, about one month's pay for a soldier.

Well... this is inconsistent, since three times 4.76 is 14.28 (rounded 14.3) not 14.1, or if we trust the other number, one third of 14.1 is 4.7 not 4.76

So which number must we trust? The 1 stater = 14.1 gram one or the 1/3 stater = 4.76 gram one? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.52.195.170 (talk) 20:07, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

What is up with the ounces not being in troy? I think the grams should be converted as troy ounces at 31.1 g/ozt — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.52.98.179 (talk) 05:54, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

Gibraltar two pound coin
Coins of Gibraltar are the same size, value, and composition as British coins. The two pound coin is a bimetal coin with a silver centre. The coin is not an alloy of silver and gold, and so is not electrum. See wiki article. Gubernatoria (talk) 08:02, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

Electrum content
Breadbelly (talk) 21:36, 1 December 2010 (UTC)I am reading a pdf which sent me to this entry about electrum. I do not have a publish date as it was an OCR copy, but the references are well cited. I thought the reference to the Egyptian obelisks and their composition may be worth inclusion into the article. I leave that to more expert hands and thank you.

From "ΤΗΕ ΒΑΒΥLONIAN WOE" BY DAVID ASTLE page "The electrum obelisks of Hatsepsut(5) as removed by Ashurbanipal from before the Temple of Amon at Karnak in 661 B.C., contained, according to Breasted 2500 talents of electrum,(6) and according to other writers as much as 2900 talent; not to speak of other more massive plunder stripped from temple and tomb. The electrum from the obelisks alone, assuming the correctness of the percentages of gold, silver, and copper given on the cylinder reported by Desroches-Noblecourt to be in the Louvre, as being 75%, 22%, 3%, respectively,(7) would value at $186,648,000 (166,650 lbs. at approximately $70.00 to the fine ounce), having a buying power infinitely greater than in today." 5. James H. Breasted: History of Egypt, P. 281. 7. Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt: Tutankhamen, P. 33. New York, 1963.

Merging in Corinthian brass?
This section is to discuss whether Electrum and Corinthian bronze should be merged--Robert Treat (talk) 19:45, 25 January 2011 (UTC).

Hmm, well, the article on Corinthian bronze states "No samples are known to have survived antiquity". So my uneducated guess would be that this article is needed to describe the known alloy of gold and silver, and that article is needed to describe the literary alloy of allegedly bronze. I'm sure they can cross-reference each other. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yclept:Berr (talk • contribs) 07:35, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

OK, on further review it appears that the distinction is that Electrum is specifically described (here and on that page) as "naturally occurring", whereas Corinthian brass is attributed by ancient popular tradition specifically to Corinth, although examples cited suggest that its use became more of a genericised term like Kleenex, for high-quality bronze, which may have been either Electrum or copper alloy depending on the source. So it appears there is an important difference. Yclept:Berr (talk) 07:53, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose, for the same reasons. The articles are about two evidently different metals. >MinorProphet (talk) 15:31, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Electrum is a gold/silver alloy. This is likely some copper alloy. 96.247.33.98 (talk) 15:03, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

How electrum got its name.
This article seem to miss the most important issue in my opinion.

Why is it called electrum?

Please someone shed some light on this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 171.7.99.211 (talk) 07:24, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

According to wiktionary, it comes from the greek elektron (amber, electrum) from elektor (rising sun). Crimsoncere (talk) 02:04, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

Manufacture of curved Electrum coin
Could somebody please, please explain the manufacture of the curved coin shown in photo captioned "Electrum coin of the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus"? Even my expert local coin stores were unable to explain why they are curved, and not flat. Also, if someone is interested, I can post photos of my coin, which appears to be double-struck only on the convex side. I'll watch this talk page, but please drop me a line on mine, too, if you have info. Thanks! Leptus Froggi (talk) 14:09, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

a suggestion of a better source
Hi, I'm geologist and I consider that this information is a very misconception. I think this work is a more confiable source: http://www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish_db/Bulletin/no32/no32000.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 147.83.5.207 (talk) 16:51, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

== Tumbaga Pre Columbian America in origin - you have to cite your reference=BuhayPinoy (talk) 15:54, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

1. Page 116 “ COPPER The prevailing name for it is tambaga, a corruption of the Sanscrit tamra, and this corrupt form of the word extends from Sumatra to the Philippines, a fact from which its dissemination may be traced to a single nation, most probably the Javanese. The use of copper in Java, chiefly in the formation with tin and zinc of alloys, is attested to have been of considerable antiquity by the discovery in old ruins of many statues and utensils of bronze, and even of copper itself. A Hindu cup, with the signs of the zodiac, in the collection of Sir Stamford Raffles, bears the date, according to the era of Salivana, 1220, and two in my own possession, those of 1241 and 1246. The oldest of these carries us back to the year 1298 of Christ.” —-A descriptive dictionary of the Indian islands & adjacent countries by John Crawfurd, F.R.S. published 1856

2. A manual of the Malay language. With an introductory sketch of the Sanskrit element in Malay. by William Edward Maxwell, Published 1914 BuhayPinoy (talk) 15:54, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

Bitcoin wallet
We note there is a bigger subject on the horizon, that perhaps deserves its own page... https://www.google.com/search?q=electrum Jidanni (talk) 14:26, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Any other modern uses?
All i can find on here is that Olympic gold metals are made out of it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:7480:95F0:49D7:C373:720C:44AC (talk) 14:58, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

etymogy of electron/electricity
The article seems to say that the metal is the namesake for electricity, when all sources I've found indicate that amber is. 207.153.7.145 (talk) 03:28, 23 April 2021 (UTC)

Electrum was used as early as the 18th century, not 3rd
"Electrum was used as early as the third millennium BC..."

The main image for Khopesh is a khopesh with electrum inlays from the EIGHTEENTH century BC, a whopping 1,500 years earlier.

Gold and silver have both been smelted since at least 3,000 BC, so I'm inclined to believe electrum isn't so new. Who wants to go to Munich to double-check? Ponggoleechee (talk) 06:12, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

 * The article text you quote says third, i.e. before 2000 BC. Later the article mentions the fifth dynasty of Egypt (c.2500 BC). None of this contradicts that a Khopesh from the 18th century BC would use electric inlays. Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 06:25, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Egg on my face. Ponggoleechee (talk) 21:36, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electrum


text:
User talk:Nuerble

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title: User talk:Nuerble


text:
Talk:Hell Paso

Fair use rationale for Image:At The Drive-In - Hell Paso-front.jpg
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title: Talk:Hell Paso


text:
Gates of Lodore

The Gates of Lodore is the scenic entrance to the Canyon of Lodore, a canyon on the Green River in northwestern Colorado, United States. The name Gates of Lodore has become synonymous with the canyon itself and the two names are used interchangeably. The Canyon commences as the Green River departs Browns Park and cuts through the Uinta Mountains meandering eighteen miles until its end at Echo Park (Colorado), the confluence of the Green and Yampa River. It was named by the Powell Expedition after the English poem Cataract of Lodore. It is located in Dinosaur National Monument.

title: Gates of Lodore


text:
Talk:Matao Herrera

article should be redirect
This article, along with a number of similar articles, was nominated for deletion on 1 August 2005. The consensus at Votes for deletion/Claudia Pérez was to redirect all of the articles to McDonald's massacre, which includes a list of the victims. Please do not restore this article. DDerby (talk) 17:37, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matao Herrera


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John D. Curnow

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 19:55, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

John D. Curnow
Appears to be not notable at all. I can't find anything about him on Google. --Hottentot
 * Delete. Probably a hoax. Gwk 21:49, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax/unverifiable. Dcarrano 01:17, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability unverified. --Etacar11 01:23, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unable to find any sources with google. Unverified. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

It's very hard to find out how a person is to defend themselves in Wikipedia. This may be the wrong place, and if it is I'm sorry. My name is John D Curnow and I'm not a hoax, as one person suggested. I was one of the first people to record bird songs in the midwest. My tapes were sold by the Audubon Camp here in Wisconsin. The NASCO Corp of Fort Atkins, WI sold my tapes to high schools all over the US and Canada for ten years. A copy of my book "Plant Communities - Ecological Studies Of The Upper Midwest" was copyrighted and sent to the Library Of Congress. I was also awarded the outstanding alumni award from the University Of Wisconsin-Platteville and I did teach from 1951 - 1999. I may not be important enough to be found in Google and I can accept that, but I'm certainly not a hoax! John D Curnow

 * As the closing admin, I can say that the discussion was fairly straight forward on this article. The deletion policy does have a provision for cases were verification is provided after a debate has occured.  If you are able to cite appropriate references to back up the article then please request an undeletion of the article at WP:VFU, including your references as part of the request. --Allen3 talk 16:45, 26 September 2005 (UTC)