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Cambridge Matignon School

 The Cambridge Matignon School (originally Father Matignon High School) was a private, co-educational Roman Catholic college-preparatory school in Cambridge and Somerville, Massachusetts, United States. The school was under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston.

Campus
The campus fronts on Matignon Road, Cambridge, extending into the city of Somerville at its rear. It consists of two school buildings: the main school building and a smaller alumni building containing development offices and art classrooms. The campus is adjacent to a church and a rectory. This church used to be the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston's Immaculate Conception Church, but reopened in January 2006 as St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Church. The school also resides next to the International School of Boston.

History
The Cambridge Matignon School is named after Father Francis Anthony Matignon, who was born in Paris on November 10, 1753, and came to the United States after being ordained a priest. He died in 1818. In 1945, the high school was established by Richard Cardinal Cushing (then Archbishop of Boston). The school's 10 ice hockey state championships are second to Catholic Memorial High School in state history. The program has produced 19 NHL draft picks overall; however, its last tournament win was back in 2004.

The Cambridge Matignon School announced it would close at the end of the 2022-2023 academic year because insufficient funding to maintain the school, and financial issues.

The school closed on June 30, 2023.

Athletics

 * Girls' Basketball - League Champions 2006, 2007 & 2018
 * Boys Soccer - League Champions 2006, 2007, 2009 & 2011
 * Girls Soccer - League Champions 2009 & 2010
 * Boys Basketball - State Champions 1989, League Champions 2011 & 2017
 * Boys Golf - League Champions 2001, 2011, 2012 & 2016
 * Boys Baseball - League Champions 2009, 2010 & 2012
 * Boys Ice Hockey - State Champions 1975, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1993 (Runner up 1976, 1978, 1979, 1989, 1992, 1996) (semi-finalist 1991, 1997), North Finalist (2001, 2003, 2004)

Notable alumni

 * Jack Concannon – former NFL player (Philadelphia Eagles, Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers, Detroit Lions)
 * The Most Rev. Robert Deeley – bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland
 * Niko Dimitrakos – former NHL player (San Jose Sharks, Philadelphia Flyers, Ottawa Senators)
 * Susan Dynarski – professor of education and economics at Harvard University.
 * Bob Emery – NHL Draft pick (Montreal Canadiens) former NCAA player (Boston College), former NCAA head coach (Plattsburgh State) current Director of Men's Ice Hockey Operations (Merrimack)
 * William Evans – Commissioner of the Boston Police Department
 * Art Graham – former NFL player (New England Patriots)
 * Joseph Xavier Grant – United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Vietnam War
 * Steve Leach – former NHL player (Washington Capitals, Boston Bruins, St. Louis Blues, Carolina Hurricanes, Ottawa Senators, Phoenix Coyotes, and Pittsburgh Penguins)
 * Jimmy LeBlanc – actor
 * The Most Rev. Richard Lennon – bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland
 * Shawn McEachern – former NHL player (Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins, Los Angeles Kings, Ottawa Senators and Atlanta Thrashers) 1996 World Cup winner, Olympian, Stanley Cup Champion
 * Tom O'Regan – former NHL player (Pittsburgh Penguins)
 * Timothy J. Toomey Jr. – politician (Massachusetts House of Representatives & Cambridge City Councilor)
 * Brian Walsh – former professional hockey player with the WHA Calgary Cowboys
 * Rick Blangiardi – Current Mayor of Honolulu, Hawaii.
 * Badara Traore – NFL Player Arizona Cardinals. 2019 NCAA Football Champion with LSU Tigers.

title: Cambridge Matignon School


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KOFY-TV

KOFY-TV (channel 20) is a television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States, serving the San Francisco Bay Area as an affiliate of Merit Street Media. It is owned by CNZ Communications, LLC, alongside Class A station KCNZ-CD (virtual channel 28) and low-power station KQRM-LD (virtual channel 18). The three stations share transmitter facilities atop San Bruno Mountain. KOFY-TV's studios were previously located on Marin Street in the Bayview–Hunters Point neighborhood of San Francisco until 2018; the station has since maintained space at KGO-TV's studios north of the city's Financial District.

Unbuilt
The construction permit for channel 20 was first awarded to Lawrence A. Harvey as KBAY-TV on March 11, 1953. Harvey owned industrial interests in Torrance and had also attempted to pursue construction permits in Los Angeles and Salem, Oregon. Despite an apparent attempt to sign on September 15, KBAY-TV did not make the air. Leonard and Lily Averett, doing business as Bay Television, acquired the unbuilt construction permit in January 1955 for no consideration; Leonard was a doctor who lived in Beverly Hills. A third southern Californian, Sherrill Corwin, acquired channel 20 in 1957 for the $1,750 the Averetts had spent on the venture, but KBAY-TV (which held callsign KEZE-TV from 1961 to 1963) was still not built.

In late 1964, Corwin filed to sell KBAY-TV to Overmyer Communications Company, a broadcaster owned by Daniel H. Overmyer, who would later start the short-lived Overmyer Network (later called the United Network). The sale application was approved, after a hearing, in October. 1966 was a busy year: the station filed to move its facility from KGO's tower on Avanzada Street to Mount Sutro, while the call letters were changed to KEMO-TV, for Daniel's son, Edward Manning Overmyer.

KEMO-TV
As KEMO-TV, channel 20 would sign on April 1, 1968. It was jointly owned by the U.S. Communications Corporation station group of Philadelphia, holding an 80% interest and the remaining 20% by Corwin. Overmyer had previously sold 80% interest in the construction permits for WBMO-TV in Atlanta, WSCO-TV in Cincinnati, KEMO-TV in San Francisco, WECO-TV in Pittsburgh and KJDO-TV in Houston to AVC Corporation (U.S. Communications Corporation) on March 28, 1967, with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval of their sale coming December 8, 1967. None of the stations were on the air at the time of the FCC approval of the sale. Beside KEMO-TV, U.S. Communications also operated WPHL-TV in Philadelphia, WATL in Atlanta, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and WPGH-TV in Pittsburgh.

KEMO-TV showed conventional independent fare, along with The Adults Only Movie, a series of art films, not featuring sex or nudity—it was named "Adults Only" merely due to the films' lack of appeal to children. KEMO also offered Japanese live-action programs and cartoons dubbed into English including Speed Racer, Ultraman, 8 Man, Prince Planet, Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero and The King Kong Show. With a mixture of locally produced and syndicated programming, KEMO-TV remained on the air for three years to the day, powering down its transmitter at midnight on March 31, 1971, to avoid paying the following month's PG&E electricity bill.

The former owner of KMPX-FM in San Francisco, Leon Crosby bought KEMO-TV later that year and it returned to the air on February 4, 1972. With an eclectic type of programming, KEMO featured shows such as Solesvida and Amapola Presents Show co-hosted by Amapola and Ness Aquino, to name a few. In 1973, Crosby also purchased WPGH-TV, the dark U.S. Communications station in Pittsburgh, bringing it back on the air January 14, 1974.

From 1972 to 1980, KEMO aired stock market programming in the mornings (anchored by future CNN and Fox Business anchor Stuart Varney), religious programming in midday, local Spanish programming in the weekday afternoons and evenings, local Italian and imported Japanese programming on Sunday nights, and B-grade movies overnight, with Oakland carpet store owner Leon Heskett hosting the films. Leon Crosby's KEMO signed off on September 30, 1980.

KTZO
The station was then sold to FM radio pioneer James Gabbert (who previously owned popular music station KIOI (101.3 FM)), who returned it to the air on October 6, 1980, as KTZO (which stood for "Television 20", the Z being construed as a numeral 2), with a dramatically upgraded general entertainment format, featuring off-network drama shows, sitcoms, old movies, rejected CBS and NBC shows preempted by KPIX-TV (channel 5; notably including CBS' powerhouse daytime game show The Price Is Right) and KRON-TV (channel 4), music videos, and religious shows. But while its independent competitors at that time, KTVU (channel 2, now a Fox owned-and-operated station), KICU-TV (channel 36) and KBHK (channel 44, now KPYX) landed stronger syndicated programs, a majority of KTZO's programming lineup at most consisted of low-budget programs, which continued into its early years as KOFY. Most memorable were the station identification bumpers featuring pets - usually dogs, but occasionally cats and even parrots - of Bay Area viewers that would look on cue at a television screen showing the station's logo. In fact, these proved to be immensely popular, so much so that KTZO/KOFY eventually began working with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals by displaying pets that could be adopted, along with a phone number to call with the pet's name on screen. These IDs were retired in 1998, having aired alongside "official" WB-issued KOFY IDs for the first three years of the network's existence.

Other popular programming during the early and mid-1980s included the TV-20 Dance Party (originally a "Top 40" music format featuring local high schools, hosted by Bay Area DJ Tony Kilbert; later a 1950s "retro" style show hosted by Gabbert), and a Sunday late-night movie program. The Sunday program included studio segments at the beginning and commercial breaks of the movie, hosted by Gabbert and set in the fictional "Sleazy Arms Hotel" bar. Viewers were invited to join Gabbert on the set and for a time, enjoy a sponsor's product (a malt liquor).

Also in the early 1980s, KTZO became one of the many stations in the U.S. to broadcast Star Fleet (aka X-Bomber), a sci-fi marionette television series which originally debuted in Japan in 1980.

KOFY
On March 1, 1986, the station changed its call letters to KOFY-TV (pronounced "coffee"). The change occurred following Gabbert's purchase of radio station KOFY (1050 AM, now KTCT), which operated as a Spanish language station until Gabbert changed the format to 1950s–60s oldies rock during the 1980s and 1990s, later reverting to the Spanish language format. Gabbert sold KOFY radio in 1997 to Susquehanna Radio Corporation which changed the format from Spanish music to a sports talk format complementing its existing sports station, KNBR. At one point, Gabbert made Bay Area broadcasting history by televising a 3D movie that required special glasses, Gorilla at Large. KOFY-TV continued to run a general entertainment format, and added more cartoons in the late 1980s. Beginning in September 1987, the station filled the 7 to 11 p.m. timeslot with drama series such as Perry Mason, Cannon, Lou Grant and Combat!

From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, KOFY also featured an in-studio, live kids cartoon show called Cartoon Classics. Hosted by Maestro Dick Bright, the show offered such cartoons as Mighty Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Tom and Jerry and Popeye. The show frequently featured local magician Magic Mike (played by Michael Stroud) performing for the studio children. However, the live-action studio segment was later scrapped, and the program just showed the cartoons straight. Afternoon cartoon shows such as these eventually became a thing of the past, as cable television was able to feature round-the-clock cartoons aimed at younger viewers with the launch of Cartoon Network in October 1992.

KOFY added more sitcoms in the early 1990s. As noted above, KOFY also broadcast network daytime game shows and Saturday morning cartoons not carried by KRON and KPIX such as NBC game shows Blockbusters, Classic Concentration and the daytime version of Win, Lose or Draw; the NBC cartoon series Alvin and the Chipmunks; the CBS game show The Price Is Right; the CBS cartoon series The Get Along Gang and Saturday Supercade; and for a few weeks during the Oliver North Iran-Contra hearings, Wordplay. The CBS game show Tattletales was picked up for the KEMO schedule during the mid-1970s among its foreign language-heavy programming when KPIX did not carry its CBS feed.

On Christmas Eve, KOFY would preempt normal programming during the entire evening and broadcast its own version of the Yule Log, a concept borrowed from WPIX in New York City (which incidentally, would also later affiliate with The WB). From the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, the station ran an "oldies dance party" show hosted by James Gabbert, and emceed by Sean King.

In mid-January 1994, the station began airing the Action Pack programming block with TekWar, which caused ratings to jump 350% over its November numbers.

As a WB affiliate
The station became the Bay Area's WB affiliate, when the network launched on January 11, 1995. KOFY eventually began to upgrade its programming inventory from low-budget programming to more higher-profile syndicated programs to compete with other stations in the market and channel 20's own growth as a WB affiliate.

In 1996, KOFY-TV employees attempted to organize as a collective bargaining unit under the labor union for broadcast employees, NABET. Gabbert interfered with the organizing effort, resulting in a case before the National Labor Relations Board. The NLRB ultimately ruled against the station.

In 1998, Gabbert sold KOFY for $170 million to minority-owned Granite Broadcasting, who changed the call sign to KBWB on September 14, 1998, to reflect its network affiliation. In 1999, KBWB's operations were merged with those of then-sister station KNTV (channel 11) in San Jose, who contributed a 10 p.m. newscast, plus simulcasts of its morning newscast, and, in return, received a temporary WB affiliation for 18 months after KNTV voluntarily dropped its ABC affiliation at the behest of network-owned KGO-TV (channel 7; KGO served most of the Bay Area, while KNTV served as the ABC affiliate for the South Bay). This arrangement ended in April 2002 after KNTV, by then the NBC affiliate for the San Francisco market, was sold to that network.

Aborted sale of KBWB
In September 2005, Granite announced the sale of KBWB and sister station WDWB (now WMYD) in Detroit to AM Media Holdings, Inc. (a unit of Acon Investments and several key Granite shareholders) for a price rated, on KBWB's end, to around $83 million. The low price, compared to the more than double amount Granite had purchased the station for, came out of Granite wanting to cut down its debt load while wanting to keep control of the stations. On February 15, 2006, Granite announced the restructuring of the sale considering the changing conditions of the station and that AM Media Holdings may not own channel 20.

In May 2006, Granite announced that it had sold KBWB, along with WMYD, to DS Audible, a new group affiliated with Canyon Capital Advisors, D. B. Zwirn & Co., Fortress Investment Group and Ramius Capital Group, among others, for $150 million cash (DS Audible San Francisco, LLC, one of the two groups created by the investment groups, would have acquired KBWB for $65.75 million). The previous agreement to sell the two stations to AM Media was withdrawn. On July 18, 2006, this sale also fell apart; Granite then announced it would try to find another company willing to buy KBWB. Granite filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on December 11, 2006, after missing an interest payment on its debt of more than $400 million.

Return to independence
On January 24, 2006, the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that the two companies would shut down The WB and UPN and combine the networks' respective programming to create a new "fifth" network called The CW. On the day of the announcement, the network signed a ten-year affiliation deal with 11 of CBS Corporation's 15 UPN stations, including KBHK-TV (which subsequently changed its calls to KBCW). Network representatives were on record as preferring the "strongest" WB and UPN affiliates in terms of viewership, and KBHK had been well ahead of KBWB in the ratings for virtually all of UPN's run. Another new network that would launch the same month as The CW, MyNetworkTV (which debuted on September 5), ended up affiliating with former NBC affiliate turned independent KRON-TV.

Soon after the CW announcement, the station rebranded to "TV20" (following the lead of Detroit's future MyNetworkTV affiliate and sister station WMYD, formerly WDWB, which also branded as "TV20"). KBWB reverted to being an independent station on September 18, 2006 (one of three in the San Francisco market, alongside KICU and KFTY channel 50, now KEMO-TV), under the new branding as Your TV20 (a parallel of sorts to "My TV20", the branding of sister station WMYD, which affiliated with MyNetworkTV). In March 2008, channel 20 revived the station IDs featuring dogs that were previously used under James Gabbert's ownership of the station.

KBWB then became an alternate ABC affiliate, carrying programs from that network during instances where KGO-TV preempts regularly scheduled network programming for local breaking news coverage. On October 8, 2008, at 10 p.m., KBWB reverted to its previous KOFY-TV call letters, commemorating the change with a 10-minute documentary about former owner James Gabbert and the station's history.

In 2009, KOFY started airing the old Dance Party reruns and due to their popularity brought back an '80s themed Dance Party in 2011, which lasted through most of the decade.

In the FCC's incentive auction, KOFY-TV sold its spectrum for $88,357,227 and indicated that it would enter into a post-auction channel sharing agreement. On October 30, 2017, the station entered into a channel sharing agreement with KCNZ-CD (channel 28); concurrently, Granite Broadcasting agreed to sell the KOFY-TV license to Stryker Media 2, a sister company to KCNZ-CD owner Poquito Mas Communications, for $6 million; Stryker Media 2 is a subsidiary of CNZ Communications. The sale was completed on October 15, 2018.

End of local operations
On April 15, 2022, KOFY-TV's studio was shut down and it began to pass-through Grit for its entire broadcast week on its main channel. On April 2, 2024, KOFY-TV's main channel switched to Merit Street Media and Grit moved to its second subchannel.

Syndicated programming
Prior to the switch to Grit, KOFY-TV offered a schedule of syndicated first-run and off-network programming such as The Steve Wilkos Show, Jerry Springer, Maury, Right This Minute, Law & Crime Daily, America's Court with Judge Ross, Last Man Standing, and Black-ish.

In addition, the station occasionally aired ABC network programming in the event of programming conflicts on KGO.

Sports
In the 1990s, KOFY-TV aired a select number of University of San Francisco Dons college basketball games. On April 3, 2013, KOFY-TV aired its first baseball telecast, a prime time game between the Oakland Athletics and the Seattle Mariners, that was produced by Comcast SportsNet California. In 2021, KOFY-TV aired Oakland Roots SC soccer games.

The Daily Mixx
From 2002 to 2006, KBWB ran an entertainment news segment called The Daily Mixx, which aired at 5:56 and 10 p.m. daily. The Mixx, as it was sometimes referred to, showed clips of celebrity interviews as well as movie previews and giveaways such as tickets to the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk and Winchester Mystery House. It was hosted by Chris Labrum and Angela Murrow (sometimes known as Angela Bakke) during the segment's first two years and by Lesley Nagy and Shane Tallant in subsequent years. An extended version, called The Mixx EP, aired on the fourth Wednesday or Thursday of each month. In January 2006, Tallant left KBWB leaving Nagy as the station's lone correspondent.

Creepy KOFY Movie Time
On January 1, 2009, KOFY premiered a late night horror movie showcase titled Creepy KOFY Movie Time (retitled as Creepy Koffee Movie Time for its later VOD release on Amazon), that first aired at midnight when it premiered that early New Year's Day morning. Afterward, the program moved to its permanent timeslot on late Saturday nights/very early Sunday mornings at 11 p.m. on January 3, 2009.

The program was hosted by local radio personality No Name, and Balrok, a demon, who claimed to broadcast from caves under the KOFY studios. The hosts had a snarky frat-boy style and had many off-color guests, including local comedians, burlesque performers, and adult film actresses. The broadcast featured an in-house band, the surf/punk band The Deadlies, and the hosts were often flanked during the broadcast by a variety of comely bikini clad models/actresses/fans, one being Shotzi Blackheart. Beginning with its third season in 2007, the program added two regular go-go dancers known as the Cave Girls whom often performed with the Deadlies. On July 24, 2010, Creepy KOFY Movie Time was moved to 11 p.m. The show was canceled in February 2017, replaced for the most part by Creature Features.

NewsCenter 4 on KOFY
The station aired a local newscast, by the early 1990s, which was eventually canceled after a few years. Prior to this, in 1989, the station rebroadcast KRON-TV (channel 4)'s newscasts, branded as NewsCenter 4 on KOFY. The KRON-produced 10 p.m. newscast debuted in March 1991 with Pete Wilson and Pam Moore as co-anchors, but ended a year later when KRON-TV began the "early prime" experiment (in which it, and later, KPIX-TV, moved prime time programming one hour earlier, matching the prime time scheduling of network shows in the Central and Mountain Time Zones) and "moved" the 10 p.m. newscast over to channel 4 (in actuality, moving the station's existing 11 p.m. newscast to the 10 p.m. slot).

WB affiliation
Under Granite ownership, the station reintroduced a 10 p.m. newscast—this time, produced by KNTV—titled WB20 News at 10 on September 14, 1998 (the same day as KOFY's callsign change to KBWB); the program was renamed The WB Primetime News at 10 on July 3, 2000, when KNTV also began producing a morning newscast for the station. However, the KNTV-produced prime time news effort failed to pose a significant threat to KTVU's long-dominant 10 p.m. newscast (an issue which caused KRON and KPIX-TV to move their newscasts back to 11 p.m. by the late 1990s), and both newscasts were canceled in 2002 after NBC's purchase of KNTV.

Newscasts from KGO-TV
Five years later, KBWB entered into a news share agreement with ABC owned-and-operated station KGO-TV to produce another prime time newscast. On January 8, 2007, KGO began producing a weeknight-only 9 p.m. newscast for channel 20, titled ABC 7 News at 9:00 on Your TV20 (later ABC 7 News at 9:00 on KOFY). Starting September 3, 2018, KOFY re-aired the 9 p.m. weeknight newscast at 10 p.m. In addition, KOFY also airs the rebroadcast of KGO-TV's 11 p.m. newscast at 11:30 p.m. on weeknights. Until 2012, it also rebroadcast KGO's political discussion program Assignment 7 on Sunday evenings following the 6 p.m. news rebroadcast. In July 2019, KGO stopped production of the 9 p.m. newscast, with the final edition airing on July 19. Starting Monday, July 22, 2019, the 9 p.m. and 10 p.m. newscasts were replaced with syndicated programming. However, the rebroadcast of KGO's 6 p.m. weeknight newscast was reinstated at 7 p.m. On September 6, 2021, KOFY moved ABC 7 News from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. With CNZ's shutdown of local operations for KOFY known, the final newscast produced by KGO aired on March 11, 2022.

Subchannels
On July 1, 2007, KBWB began carrying programming from Azteca América on a new digital subchannel 20.4. It replaced KTNC-TV (channel 42) as the network's affiliate; that station switched to a Spanish-language independent format on that date.

KOFY-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 20, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 19, using virtual channel 20.

On July 28, 2011, High Plains Broadcasting (a partner company used by Newport Television to absolve ownership conflicts between certain stations owned by the Providence Equity Partners-backed group and Univision, which Providence holds an equity interest in) announced plans to sell Santa Rosa-based KFTY (channel 50) to Una Vez Más Holdings, with the intent to affiliate that station with Azteca América. On September 29, 2011, KFTY's affiliation with MeTV was discontinued and became KEMO-TV, adopting the callsign once used by KOFY-TV. KEMO-TV briefly mirrored the Azteca América programming that was still seen on KOFY 20.4; this ended shortly afterward, when KOFY discontinued the Azteca América feed.

On October 17, 2011, KOFY announced that it signed an affiliation agreement with MeTV; the station would carry the network on a new digital subchannel 20.2.

In July 2017, with the spectrum move, VieTV was moved to KCNS 38.3, replacing Comet, at this point; 20.3 was removed.

On March 22, 2018, MeTV was dropped from 20.2 and replaced with GetTV from 20.4.

Translator

 *  Ukiah

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: KOFY-TV


text:
Category talk:Israeli criminals

Should Menachem Begin be included in this category? His actions in the Irgun were certainly a serious offence according to the British authorities, who were both the de facto and internationally generally recognised govt. of Palestine at that time. Or is it impossible to be objective about this category? PatGallacher 15:49, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * What crime was he convicted of? Jayjg (talk) 17:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * He may never have been convicted, but e.g. membership of the Irgun and involvement in the attack on the King David Hotel was surely illegal under British mandate law. I would argue that it is somewhat POV to extend this category only to people who were actually convicted and exclude those who surely would have been convicted if tried. PatGallacher 17:53, 2005 July 21 (UTC)
 * The category is for Israelis who were convicted of crimes. Begin doesn't fit, not only because he wasn't convicted of a crime, but because there wasn't even an Israel (nor was he Israeli) when he was accused of them. Furthermore, Wikipedia is not a crystal ball that can predict who would have been convicted of what. Jayjg (talk) 17:57, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, and nice try on changing the definition to an entirely subjective one so that you can include Begin. Jayjg (talk) 18:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

This libelous category should be deleted. It serves no purpose. And Meir Kahane is not a criminal like his article says which links it to this.

"independent court of justice."
What does that mean? Jayjg (talk) 20:27, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * In a civilian court located in a country that maintains real seperation between the branches of government, e.g. not in Egypt. gidonb  20:47, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The World Court:  --Joodoo 03:52, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Clearly not. Jayjg (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Vanunu
Why is this "criminal" noted here? --Joodoo 03:56, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Joodoo, Mordechai Vanunu was convicted of treason by a regular Israeli court. This is considered a crime in most if not all countries. Thank you, by the way, for trying to help in finding more candidates for this category. Please read the definition, as this will help you decide who can be classified in this category and who cannot. I scanned candidates thourougly when I made the category, but perhaps you will find someone I missed. gidonb  04:16, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Why is Vanunu's case special? Why is Pollard, also convicted of espionage, not included? --Joodoo 04:51, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * It doesn't appear special to me; he was an Israeli convicted of a crime. Jayjg (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Why have all the criminals been deleted?
Yitzhak Shamir was convicted and imprisoned by the British. He is a criminal. He is Israeli. Why deleted? The Mossad spies captured and convicted in new Zealand. Israeli. Criminals. Why deleted? If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, do not submit it. --Joodoo 05:21, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Who says Vanunu's case is special? Other convicted criminals were included in the category. Pollard was not an Israeli citizen or resident when he committed his crimes or at any time beforehand. He is an American criminal and should be included in that category. gidonb  05:24, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Right. Jayjg (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yitzhak Shamir was not trialed by an independent court of justice. Also, he was a Palestinian at the time of the crimes. gidonb  05:24, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Right. Jayjg (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

I think you are confused about the purpose of the category. Its purpose is to allow Wikipedia-users to find convicted criminals who at the time of their conviction in an independent court were Israelis, not to make a value judgement about their behavior. gidonb 05:35, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Right. Jayjg (talk) 17:40, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Name of this category
I propose to move the category title to more accurately reflect the definition given. Suggestions welcomed.

Lapsed Pacifist 20:13, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I fail to see why the category title does not accurately reflect the definition given, can you explain? Jayjg (talk) 19:51, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I also cannot see where the category does not accurately reflect the definition given, or vice versa. It seems a very valid member of Category:Criminals by nationality. gidonb 20:09, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

See Crime; [Category: Israeli criminals (narrow definition)] would be compatible with the second definition. As I've said before on Talk:Mordechai Vanunu, while most people convicted of a crime are indisputably criminals, and many criminals have been convicted of a crime, the two things are not the same.

Lapsed Pacifist 21:41, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * We have to use the narrow definition, since any broader definition inevitably involves personal judgement and original research on the part of the editor. Jayjg (talk) 00:14, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Done.

Lapsed Pacifist 15:51, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

I undid the name change as there is no consensus on such as a move. gidonb 16:41, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Nor is there any discernible consensus against, as far as I can see. What exactly is the problem?

Lapsed Pacifist 11:32, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The current category name is eminently reasonable, and the name you moved it to seems more like an example of WP:POINT than anything else. Jayjg (talk) 21:46, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

The current name is a perfect example of WP:POINT.

Lapsed Pacifist 22:02, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

The current name is according to our policies and runs parallel to all other criminals by country categories. If you wish to add in all cases the criteria in brackets to the definition, this should be raised for all categories. I will oppose such a proposal, as this undermines the efficiency of the Wikipedia categorization system. Right now, however, I get the impression that for some odd reason you want to add additional specifications only to the category Israeli criminals. That would be discriminatory. Please correct if I am wrong and you run similar proposals elsewhere, that will make our entire categorization non-workable. gidonb 23:03, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

No. The current name is according to your policies, as you created the category and imposed the definition that entries should have been convicted by an independent judiciary, which is not the same thing as being a criminal. I looked at the other categories for criminals by nationality, and only Poland had the same definition. If the definition is to remain, then yes, that category will also have to be renamed. I don't see why that would make categorisation unworkable. Your impressions are your business.

Lapsed Pacifist 03:00, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well did you or did you not run proposals to add to each single one of these categories in brackets (broad definition) and (narrow definition)? By the way, the fact that similar definitions are not included beyond the two categories that you name, does not necessarily mean that in all cases you can include persons that are by your personal POV criminals, without them being removed after a while. Only there is no such warning. A conviction is an NPOV criterion by which one can make this category manageable, no more but especially no less. As you may have noticed, all information that relates to Israel is extremely exposed to politically motivated POV-pushers (with one agenda or another) who are sometimes totally fixated on this area and will never address similar issues across the board. Regards, gidonb 03:52, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

If we are going to go by convictions, then that must be reflected in the category name. If you have a better suggestion, run with it.

Lapsed Pacifist 04:09, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You do not answer my questions. I will lay them out, since some were explicit, but others implicit. Do you believe all criteria for all categories should be included in the names of categories? In which cases have you made similar demands, for criminals by country categories, or for any categories? Are there any similar category names to the cumbersome one you are suggesting for criminals by country or any other category? Do you believe it is wise to open the discussion on including selection criteria INSIDE the category name on this page or is this a policy question that effects the entire Wikipedia categorization system that should be discussed elsewhere? gidonb 10:33, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

"Do you believe all criteria for all categories should be included in the names of categories?"

No.

"In which cases have you made similar demands, for criminals by country categories, or for any categories?"

Nowhere.

"Are there any similar category names to the cumbersome one you are suggesting for criminals by country or any other category?"

I wouldn't suggest anything cumbersome.

"Do you believe it is wise to open the discussion on including selection criteria INSIDE the category name on this page or is this a policy question that effects the entire Wikipedia categorization system that should be discussed elsewhere?"

I don't know.

Lapsed Pacifist 19:15, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Gidonb, you seem determined to enforce your understanding of the word "criminal" (i.e., a person convicted of a crime in a democratic country). You know I'm not happy with this, but if you will be consistent with it, I will let it drop. So, here's what I want you to do:

 * Go to the articles on Eamon de Valera and Ian Paisley, and insist that they be included in the Irish criminals category. Both were convicted by an independent judiciary of the United Kingdom, the former for illegally entering that state in the '20s, and the latter for illegal assembly in the '60s.

 * Get thee to the George W. Bush article. Obviously, his conviction for drink-driving in the '70s necessitates his inclusion in the American criminals category.

If you succeed in this, I promise you I will let the matter rest.

Lapsed Pacifist 13:54, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * We're talking about the definition of a criminal, not what happens on the George W. Bush page. Have you come up with a more objective set of criteria? I mean, other than "whoever Lapsed Pacifist thinks is a criminal". Jayjg (talk) 21:29, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

We have a definition for a criminal from gidonb and yourself, that a person convicted of a crime is automatically a criminal, and anyone not convicted of a crime cannot be a criminal. I don't like it, but I'm prepared to accept it if you and gidonb are consistent in its application (see above). Given your definition, the Bush page is probably the most glaring example of a criminal (by your definition) whose page does not include them in a criminals category. Which is why I write of it.

Lapsed Pacifist 10:52, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I haven't defined what a criminal is; rather, legal systems have done so. You have yet to suggest a more objective definition. Jayjg (talk) 21:44, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Nor will I, for the word cannot shake its subjectiveness. As I wrote before, the whole thing reeks of WP:POINT. It has already attracted people with a "Whoopee, someone I don't like has a criminal conviction, so I can call them a criminal" mentality. The futility of attempting the tests above must be obvious to you. Supporters or admirers of Bush, de Valera or Paisley would quickly revert should anyone attempt to brand them criminals. Where do you stand on Wikipedia being unable to label people with criminal convictions (from an independent judiciary) as criminals? Up to now, you've been pretty consistent.

Lapsed Pacifist 17:32, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Are you suggesting that all "criminals" categories be done away with, since (in your view) they are inherently subjective? Jayjg (talk) 17:39, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

I see no alternative. While most people (including myself) wouldn't have a problem with most entries, many political and historical figures have convictions for one thing or another, sometimes minor offenses. In my view, it's a potential nightmare.

Lapsed Pacifist 17:54, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, then, you should probably take this to WP:CFD, and suggest there that the entire "Criminals by nationality" category (and its sub-categories) be deleted. Jayjg (talk) 18:22, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * For what it's worth, I disagree with changing the general category of criminals by nationality, I agree the category is consistent, I agree the Israeli criminals section is consistent with the general criminals by nationality categorization, and I disagree that the meaning is subjective. I would also disagree that the idea that political and historical figures having convictions is a challenge to the category's effectively.  To the extent it's felt that those criminal convictions do not impugn their character, this tells us something useful about criminal laws, the people judging character, or both.  To the extent that the issue is whether or not the crimes are minor, I would only add that criminal law is generally considered a serious matter, which is why its burden of proof is so high compared to, for instance, civil law, and that consideration of this point should probably proceed through specific examples, if at all. AnotherBDA 23:05, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Before I take it to CFD, Jay, I'd welcome your thoughts. AnotherBDA, as you disagree, would you like to try the tests I've set above?

Lapsed Pacifist 14:45, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Lapsed Pacifist, why don't you try out your challenges? After all you are the one who said he wanted the definitions throughout the categories to be the same or the nuances in the criteria to be reflected, in brackets, in the category names (making them very long). Looks to me that this is your brainchild, you are here supposedly the most concerned with the consistency throughout the criminals by country categories (that do differ, some go by conviction, some do not) and, moreover, the only one who is very knowledgeable on Irish politics. I would not take it away from you. Please report your findings to a CFD since all this has very little to do with Israeli criminals. As things stand now, you remain inconsistent in your search for consistency. A CFD could put an end to this. gidonb 15:11, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure I follow. It sounds like the tests you've set out above involve (1) agreeing that Eamonn da Valera,  Ian Paisley, and George W. Bush were convicted of infringing criminal law; and (2) acting on that agreement to urge others to include them in this classification.  If that's what you'd like me to do, then I must decline; I know nothing about the criminal records of any of the individuals involved, and don't see any good reason to begin researching them.  If you would like to undertake that research and convince me that they each have criminal records then, of course, I would naturally support their inclusion in the various criminal categories.  Is that what you mean by "try the tests", or would you like to have me spend time in some other way? AnotherBDA 23:20, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

As I wrote above, the futility of those exercises should be obvious. They serve to highlight the impossibility of a consistent neutral approach as regards the definition of a criminal, and raise the question as to whether a past conviction suffices to label someone a criminal, without any explanation as to the gravity of the crime or its relevance to their life. "...some go by conviction, some do not..." is just one example of the arbitrariness of these categories. My knowledge of Irish politics is irrelevant here. The two Irishmen I wrote about were convicted by an independent judiciary in the parliamentary democracy of the United Kingdom. Do you believe they should have [Category:Irish criminals] at the bottom of their pages on the strength of that? This question has everything to do with (take your pick):

 * Israeli criminals (Wikipedia's narrow definition)
 * Israelis convicted of a crime by an independent judiciary
 * Naughty Israeli people

and those of every other nationality. I will probably go to CFD. I'm canvassing opinion here before I do. In closing I repeat the question I asked above and put another: do you believe de Valera and Paisley should have [Category:Irish criminals] at the bottom of their pages on the strength of their convictions? Do you believe Bush should have [Category:American criminals] on the bottom of his page on the strength of his drink-driving conviction?

Lapsed Pacifist 16:21, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

They all have records. You're unclear as to what level of proof you require. You seem to miss the point. Including any of them in a criminals category wouldn't last, as their supporters would not wear it. There's a double standard operating.

Lapsed Pacifist 16:53, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Lapsed Pacifist, the persons you refer to - if they are criminals - they are definitely not Israeli criminals. I am fine with them being categorized either way. It is of course OK for you to express the same opinions and points time and again, make demands from your colleagues in areas we know little or nothing about and to get the same answers from additional participants, but it does not foster our encyclopedia very much. It would be helpful if you would hold this discussion at the appropriate place. You may get the same answers there as well, or entirely different answers, but the outcome will be much more efficient for everyone. Regards, gidonb 18:43, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

There is no reason Wikipedia standards should differ between nationalities. What applies elsewhere should apply here, and vice versa. Going by the definition of a criminal you like so much, it is unnecessary for you to know anything more about the three men I mentioned in order for you to make a judgment on whether or not they are criminals, other than that all were convicted of crimes by independent judiciaries in democratic states. I'm asking you to be consistent in your approach to categorisation.

Lapsed Pacifist 20:58, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

 * As you know I would like the categories to be consistent. Knowing Wikipedia, I am unsure however if it is going to work. In an ideal world I think it would. But lets really leave the discussion of non-Israeli criminals for where it ought to be held. gidonb 01:01, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

No criteria for crime or sentence ?
What if a person was convicted of one of the lesser crimes in the Israeli Chok Haonshin ? There are all differnet kinds of levels for crimes. A person doesn't become a "criminal" simply because he was convicted. He does become an ASIR - that means someonw who spent jail time for instance, but a criminal is something else, it's something to do with constant behviour and the mental state is different. We don't tag living persons as criminals because they were convicted of just any crime in the book, it's wrong. Amoruso 01:54, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Stealing $10 doesn't make someone a criminal, but stealing $1,000,000 does. Failing to pay a lot of traffic tickets doesn't make one a criminal, but being repeatedly convicted of serious acts of violence does.  The boundary is somewhere between these extremes in both cases.  The criterion should be based on the sentence rather than time actually served, since neither "good behavior" in prison nor executive remissions lessen the offence.  I propose that someone is classed as a criminal if they have received a total sentence of one year or more (adding up all convictions).  --Zerotalk 15:06, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

I propose renaming the category to Category:Israelis who were convicted of a crime. Amoruso 15:20, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * That would give this category a different style of name from over 50 other "XYZian criminals" categories.  There is no reason to make the Israeli category different from all the others.  If you want to propose that all those categories be renamed in the same way, I'll support that. --Zerotalk 04:24, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

 * And I'd oppose the rename. I do support, however, the suggestion to discuss any such ideas at the relevant root category. gidonb (talk) 00:16, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Israeli criminals


text:
User talk:Donwilson

Speedy deletion nomination of SoftLayer Technologies
A tag has been placed on SoftLayer Technologies, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as FAQ/Business for more information. You may also wish to consider using a Wizard to help you create articles - see the Article Wizard.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. 16x9 (talk) 03:48, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Donwilson


text:
1863 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1863.

Explorations

 * Édouard Lartet and Henry Christy begin joint exploration of caves in the valley of the Vézère, in southern France.

Excavations

 * Excavations at Ephesus by John Turtle Wood begin.
 * William Copeland Borlase supervises excavations of the re-discovered prehistoric settlement and fogou at Carn Euny in Cornwall.

Publications

 * Samuel Ferguson's Ogham Inscriptions in Ireland, Wales and Scotland is published posthumously.
 * The text of the Iguvine Tablets (3rd–1st centuries BC) is first published, by Francis William Newman in London.
 * Zeitschrift für ägyptisches Sprache und Altertumskunde begins publication.

Finds

 * April 15 – Winged Victory of Samothrace found at Samothrace by Charles Champoiseau. Made c.190 BC, it is now in the Musée du Louvre, Paris.
 * April 20 – Augustus of Prima Porta in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome.
 * Nydam Boats found in Denmark by Conrad Engelhardt.
 * Early human jawbone found in proximity to flint tools at Moulin Quignon in France by Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, subsequently considered a hoax perpetrated by one of his diggers.

Miscellaneous

 * Anthropological Society of London formed

Births

 * July 4 – Hugo Winckler, German Assyriologist (died 1913)
 * July 13 – Margaret Murray, Anglo-Indian Egyptologist (died 1963)
 * Francis Joseph Bigger, Irish antiquarian (died 1926)

Deaths

 * July 3 – Alexander Henry Rhind, Scottish Egyptologist (born 1833)
 * – Kyriakos Pittakis, Greek archaeologist (born c. 1798)

title: 1863 in archaeology


text:
Eugen Schuhmacher

Eugen Schuhmacher (actually Eugen Josef Robert Schuhmacher) (4 August 1906 – 8 January 1973) was a German zoologist and pioneer of animal documentaries. Besides Bernhard Grzimek and Heinz Sielmann he belongs to the German wildlife documentary filmmakers with an international reputation.

Biography
Eugen Schuhmacher was born in Stuttgart, Germany. His career began in the early 1930s with educational and cultural shortfilms about the wildlife in South America and the German Reich. In the next four decades he made documentaries (feature length and shortfilms) about animals, the Inca culture, and the indigenous people from North America, South America and Papua New Guinea. This movies were awarded at festivals in Berlin, Venice and in Cannes. His movie Natur in Gefahr (Nature in Danger) from 1952 is an alerting report of the destruction of the nature paradises and the extinction of species. His feature film In the Shadow of the Karakoram (Im Schatten des Karakorum) received the German Film Prize for best documentary in 1955. In 1958 he discovered the German television for his work and he made one of the first German television series about endangered species. 37 episodes of On the Track of rare Animals (Auf den Spuren seltener Tiere) were shot, a series which has taken the audience on a journey to Galapagos, Papua New Guinea, Africa, and other exotic places. This series was very popular in German television. In 1966 he finished his movie project The Last Paradises: On the Track of Rare Animals, a film which had taken seven years to make. It was awarded at the Mountain Film Festival at Trento in 1967. Schuhmacher has died at age 66 of cancer in Munich, Germany. His last movie Europas Paradiese (Europe's paradises) had its premiere after his death.

He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Cherry Kearton Medal and Award in 1971.

Selected movies

 * 1955: Im Schatten des Karakorum
 * 1967: The Last Paradises: On the Track of Rare Animals (Die letzten Paradiese)
 * 1973: Europas Paradiese

Selected books

 * 1968: The Last of the Wild: On the track of Rare animals (with Gwynne Vevers ; Winwood Reade), Collins, London, 1968
 * 1968: The Last Paradises: On the track of Rare animals, DOUBLEDAY & CO, INC. New York
 * 1970: Alaska: Vast Land on the Edge of the Arctic (with Heinrich Gohl), Kümmerly & Frey Geographical Publishers, Berne, Switzerland

title: Eugen Schuhmacher


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Phillip Berryman

Phillip E. Berryman (born 1938) is the author of several books on both liberation theology and the Christian experience in Latin America. After his ordination as a Roman Catholic priest in 1963, he spent two years at a church in Pasadena, California, before working in pastoral ministry in the Panama City barrio of El Chorrillo from 1965–1973.

That year, he left the priesthood and married. He later worked with the American Friends Service Committee, living in Guatemala but traveling throughout Central America. He returned to the United States in 1980 and began writing the next year. He is a professor of Latin American Studies at Temple University. He now lives in Philadelphia with his wife, Angela, with whom he has three children: Catherine, Maggie and Lizzy.

Selected publications

 * Berryman, Phillip (2005). "The Bush Doctrine: A Catholic Critique." In America Magazine. The National Catholic Weekly.America Magazine
 * Comblin, J. & Berryman, P. (2004). People of God. Orbis Books. ISBN 1-57075-521-3
 * Berryman, Phillip (1996). Religion in the Megacity: Catholic and Protestant Portraits from Latin America. Orbis Books. ISBN 1-57075-083-1.
 * Berryman, Phillip (1995). Stubborn Hope: Religion, Politics, and Revolution in Central America. New Press. ISBN 1-56584-137-9
 * Berryman, Phillip (1987). Liberation Theology: Essential Facts About the Revolutionary Movement in Latin America - and Beyond. Meyer Stone Books. ISBN 0-940989-03-4
 * Berryman, Phillip (1984). The Religious Roots of Rebellion: Christians in Central American Revolutions. Orbis Books. ISBN 0-88344-105-5
 * Hinkelammert, Franz (1986). The Ideological Weapons of Death: A Theological Critique of Capitalism, translated by Phillip Berryman, Orbis Books.
 * Berryman, Phillip (2019) Memento of the Living and the Dead: A First-Person Account of Church, Violence, and Resistance in Latin America. Resource Publications ISBN 978-1-5326-9088-4

title: Phillip Berryman


text:
1985 in baseball

Major League Baseball

 * World Series: Kansas City Royals over St. Louis Cardinals (4-3); Bret Saberhagen, MVP

 * American League Championship Series MVP: George Brett
 * National League Championship Series MVP: Ozzie Smith
 * All-Star Game, July 16 at the Metrodome: National League, 6–1; LaMarr Hoyt, MVP

Other champions

 * Caribbean World Series: Tigres del Licey (Dominican Republic)
 * College World Series: Miami (Florida)
 * Japan Series: Hanshin Tigers over Seibu Lions (4-2)
 * Big League World Series: Broward County, Florida
 * Junior League World Series: Tampa, Florida
 * Little League World Series: Seoul National, Seoul, South Korea
 * Senior League World Series: Pingtung, Taiwan

Awards and honors

 * Baseball Hall of Fame
 * Lou Brock
 * Enos Slaughter
 * Arky Vaughan
 * Hoyt Wilhelm
 * Most Valuable Player
 * Don Mattingly, New York Yankees, 1B (AL)
 * Willie McGee, St. Louis Cardinals, OF (NL)
 * Cy Young Award
 * Bret Saberhagen, Kansas City Royals (AL)
 * Dwight Gooden, New York Mets (NL)
 * Rookie of the Year
 * Ozzie Guillén, Chicago White Sox, SS (AL)
 * Vince Coleman, St. Louis Cardinals, OF (NL)
 * Manager of the Year Award
 * Bobby Cox, Toronto Blue Jays (AL)
 * Whitey Herzog, St. Louis Cardinals (NL)
 * Woman Executive of the Year (major or minor league): Frances Crockett, Charlotte Orioles, Southern League
 * Gold Glove Award
 * Don Mattingly (1B) (AL)
 * Lou Whitaker (2B) (AL)
 * George Brett (3B) (AL)
 * Alfredo Griffin (SS) (AL)
 * Dwight Evans (OF) (AL)
 * Dave Winfield and Gary Pettis (OF) (AL)
 * Dwayne Murphy (OF) (AL)
 * Lance Parrish (C) (AL)
 * Ron Guidry (P) (AL)

MLB statistical leaders
1Major League Triple Crown Pitching Winner

January–April

 * January 7 – Outfielder Lou Brock and knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, with Wilhelm becoming the first relief pitcher ever selected. Second baseman Nellie Fox is named on 295 of the 395 ballots (74.7%), but the BBWAA and the Hall of Fame committee decline to round Fox's percentage to the necessary 75%.
 * March 6 – Enos Slaughter and Arky Vaughan are elected to the Hall of Fame by the Special Veterans Committee.
 * March 18 – Commissioner Peter Ueberroth officially reinstates Hall of Famers Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays. The two had been banned from working within Major League Baseball by Ueberroth's predecessor, Bowie Kuhn due to their associations with gambling casinos.
 * March 28 – The April 1 issue of Sports Illustrated comes out, including George Plimpton's hoax article on Sidd Finch.
 * April 11 – Gorman Thomas hits three home runs and drives in six runs to lead the Seattle Mariners to a 14–6 victory over the Oakland Athletics.
 * April 28 – Only hours after being swept by the Chicago White Sox in a three-game series at Comiskey Park, the New York Yankees fire Yogi Berra as manager 16 games into the season. Yankees owner George Steinbrenner does not fire Berra personally, but instead dispatches general manager Clyde King to deliver the news for him. Berra is replaced by Billy Martin, whom he replaced as manager after the 1983 season. It is the fourth of Martin's five stints as Yankee skipper. Berra vows after the slight to never again set foot in Yankee Stadium as long as Steinbrenner owns the team.

May–June

 * May 13 – Against the Philadelphia Phillies at Riverfront Stadium, Tony Pérez of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the oldest player to hit a grand slam. The shot comes in the sixth inning off Dave Rucker with Dave Concepción, Ron Oester and Dave Van Gorder on base and breaks a 3–3 tie; the Reds win by that 7–3 score. Pérez, who will celebrate his 43rd birthday the next day, breaks Honus Wagner's 70-year record as the oldest player to hit a grand slam; Wagner had done so on July 29, 1915, at 41 years, 5 months. Perez' record will be broken 20 years later by 46-year old Julio Franco of the Atlanta Braves.
 * May 20 – 44-year old player-manager Pete Rose hits his first home run since 1982 in a 6–1 loss to the Chicago Cubs. Ironically, Rose would later hit his final career home run, also against the Cubs, on in a 7–5 win on September 6.
 * June 6 – In a key game for the American League East, Toronto Blue Jays' pitcher Jimmy Key had a no-hitter broken up in the 9th inning by Detroit Tigers' Tom Brookens. But the Blue Jays regroup and in the 12th inning, Buck Martinez break up a scoreless tie with a game-winning home run to give the Blue Jays a 2-0 win over The Tigers.
 * June 11 – In a 26-7 romp over the New York Mets, Von Hayes of the Philadelphia Phillies becomes the first player in MLB history to hit two home runs in the first inning of a game. Hayes leads off the bottom of the first with a homer, then hits a grand slam later in the frame. They are the only two home runs hit in the high-scoring affair.
 * June 13 - Earl Weaver comes out of retirement to replace Joe Altobelli as the new manager of the Baltimore Orioles.
 * June 16 - The Earl Weaver Baltimore Orioles revival show rolls on as Wayne Gross hit 2 solo home runs, part of the five home runs the Orioles hit that day as they beat the Milwaukee Brewers 9-1.

July–August

 * July 2 – Pitcher Joe Niekro of the Houston Astros wins his 200th career game, 3–2 over the San Diego Padres. Joe and Phil Niekro join Jim Perry and Gaylord Perry as the only pitching brother combinations to each win at least 200 games.
 * July 4–5 – In a game at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, the New York Mets beat the Atlanta Braves 16–13 in a 19-inning contest that features Keith Hernandez hitting for the cycle, Mets manager Davey Johnson being ejected, and the Braves coming back to tie the game twice in extra innings, most notably in the bottom of the 18th. Pitcher Rick Camp, a career .074 hitter batting only because the Braves have no position players left, hits a solo home run in the 18th to re-tie the game at 11-11. At the end of the game, even though the date/time is July 5, 3:15 am, the Braves go ahead and shoot off their scheduled Fourth of July post-game fireworks for the fans who endure to the end. Camp struck out to end the game.
 * July 11 – The Houston Astros' Nolan Ryan becomes the first pitcher to record 4,000 strikeouts, fanning Danny Heep in the sixth inning of Houston's 4–3 win over the New York Mets.
 * July 15 – Dave Parker wins the first annual All-Star Home Run Derby.
 * July 16 – The National League beats the American League 6–1 at Minnesota's Metrodome for its 13th win in the last 14 All-Star Games. The San Diego Padres' LaMarr Hoyt allows one unearned run in three innings and is named MVP.
 * July 20 – Darryl Strawberry collects seven RBIs in the New York Mets' 16–4 victory over the Atlanta Braves at Shea Stadium.
 * July 23 – At Arlington Stadium, Oddibe McDowell becomes the first Texas Ranger to hit for the cycle as the Rangers defeat the Cleveland Indians 8–4.
 * August 4
 * The New York Yankees celebrate "Phil Rizzuto Day" at Yankee Stadium, and retire Rizzuto's number 10.
 * Tom Seaver of the Chicago White Sox records his 300th career win over the Yankees, regardless of Rizzuto's prediction that the Yankees would deny him that victory.
 * Rod Carew of the California Angels gets his 3000th career hit; a double off the Minnesota Twins' Frank Viola.
 * August 5 – Darryl Strawberry hits 3 home runs helping the New York Mets beat the Chicago Cubs 7–2.
 * August 6 & 7 – All parks go dark for a brief strike. 23 of the 25 missed games are made up before the season ends.
 * August 10 - Dave Kingman became the 21st player in Major League Baseball history to hit 400 home runs when he hit a two-run home run in the first inning that helped the Oakland A's beat the Seattle Mariners 11–5. It took him 17 days to get 400 after being stuck on 399.
 * August 15 – Cal Ripken hits his 100th career home run helping Baltimore Orioles beat the Texas Rangers 9–1.
 * August 20 – Dwight Gooden strikes out a season high 16 in a 3-0 complete game victory over the San Francisco Giants.
 * August 25 – With a 9–3 victory over the San Diego Padres, Dwight Gooden becomes the first New York Mets twenty game winner since Jerry Koosman in 1976. It is his 17th victory in a row.

September

 * September 3 – At Tiger Stadium, Reggie Jackson of the California Angels becomes the first player to hit 100 home runs for three different teams. He hits the milestone home run off Detroit Tiger Bob Stoddard in the ninth inning of the Angels' 14–8 loss; he had homered off Dan Petry earlier in the game, in the fourth inning. Jackson had hit 269 home runs with the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics and 144 with the New York Yankees.
 * September 8 – Pete Rose inserts himself into the Cincinnati Reds' lineup as a late addition, and picks up two singles, the second of which gives him 4,191 hits in his career, tying him with Ty Cobb for the career record. Being that the game is at Wrigley Field, the game is eventually called because of darkness after nine innings, resulting in a rare 5–5 tie.
 * September 11 – Eric Show of the San Diego Padres goes down in history for pitching Pete Rose's historic 4,192nd career hit; a line drive single to center field. It breaks the tie for the career record which Rose shares with Ty Cobb since September 8.
 * September 22 – At a hotel bar in Baltimore, the New York Yankees' pitcher Ed Whitson and manager Billy Martin get into a heated argument that spreads to other parts of the hotel. An ensuing fistfight results in Martin suffering a broken arm and bruised right side, while Whitson suffers a cracked rib and a split lip.
 * September 24 – At Wrigley Field, Andre Dawson of the Montreal Expos (a future Cub) joins Willie McCovey as the only players to hit two home runs in the same inning twice in their careers. The two home runs come in a 12-run fifth inning that gives the Expos a 15–2 lead against the Chicago Cubs. The Expos hold on to win 17-15 after nearly squandering the 13-run lead, as the Cubs score 13 runs in the last four innings, including five in the ninth; the final out is recorded with the tying run at bat. Dawson also hit two home runs in the third inning of the Expos' 19-0 pounding of the Atlanta Braves at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium on July 30, 1978.
 * September 29 - In front of a national television audience, the Minnesota Twins beat the eventual World Champion Kansas City Royals 6-3, but the game will be remembered as the final game Howard Cosell would ever be in the Broadcast booth, he would later leave ABC Sports as a television commentator.

October

 * October 1 – Ron Darling and John Tudor duel for nine and ten innings, respectively, in this crucial series opener between the New York Mets and St. Louis Cardinals. An 11th inning solo home run by Darryl Strawberry off Ken Dayley is the deciding factor in the Mets' 1–0 victory at Busch Stadium.
 * October 2 - In game 2 of this crucial series, Dwight Gooden beats The Cardinals 5-2 for his 24th win of the season. The 10 strikeout complete game caps a spectacular season for Goodenn in which the 20-year old finishes the season with the best ERA in baseball (1.53), wins, innings (276.2), strikeouts (268), and complete games (16) and twice he was named National League player of the week, and the 1985 Baseball Digest Player of the Year.
 * October 6 – Phil Niekro of the New York Yankees becomes the second pitcher this year to record his 300th career win, in a 6–0 shutout of the Toronto Blue Jays. Although known as a knuckleballer, Niekro did not throw a knuckleball in this game until the final pitch in which he struck out Jays' designated hitter and former Atlanta Braves teammate Jeff Burroughs.
 * October 19 – Once he took the field for the Royals in Game 1 of the 1985 World Series, Lonnie Smith became the first player in major league history to play in the World Series against a team (St. Louis Cardinals) that traded him away during that same season.
 * October 27 – The Kansas City Royals burn out the St. Louis Cardinals 11–0 in Game Seven of the 1985 World Series to become only the sixth team to rally from a 3–1 deficit and win the WS. Bret Saberhagen pitches the shutout and wins the Series MVP honors.
 * October 27 – New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner dismisses manager Billy Martin for the fourth time. Hired to replace him is rookie manager and former Yankees player Lou Piniella.

November-December

 * November 2 – The Hanshin Tigers defeat the Seibu Lions 9–3 in Game Six of the 1985 Japan Series to notch their only Japan Series win in franchise history. Tigers' first baseman and triple crown winner Randy Bass is named Japan Series MVP batting .368 with 3 HR and 9 RBI.
 * November 15 – The Boston Red Sox trade Bob Ojeda, Tom McCarthy, John Mitchell and Chris Bayer to the New York Mets for Calvin Schiraldi, John Christensen, Wes Gardner and La Schelle Tarver.
 * November 18 - Willie McGee of the St. Louis Cardinals who led his team back to the 1985 World Series was named National League MVP.
 * November 20 - Don Mattingly of the New York Yankees was named American League MVP after a season in which .324 with 34 home runs and 145 Runs Batted in.
 * November 25 – Chicago White Sox shortstop Ozzie Guillén, who hits .273 and has just 12 errors in 150 games, is named American League Rookie of the Year. Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Teddy Higuera, who posts a 15–8 record with 127 strikeouts and a 3.90 ERA, finishes second in voting.
 * November 27 – Vince Coleman, who steals 110 bases for the St. Louis Cardinals, joins Frank Robinson (1956), Orlando Cepeda (1958) and Willie McCovey (1960) as the only unanimous winners of the National League Rookie of the Year Award.

Movies

 * The Slugger's Wife

January

 * January 4 – Scott Sizemore
 * January 7 – José García
 * January 8 – Matt LaPorta
 * January 10 – Samuel Gervacio
 * January 12 – Chris Hatcher
 * January 16 – Junior Guerra
 * January 16 – Jeff Manship
 * January 17 – Chad Beck
 * January 17 – Emmanuel Burriss
 * January 17 – Jai Miller
 * January 20 – Fabio Castro
 * January 20 – Luis Pérez
 * January 22 – Scott Cousins
 * January 23 – Jeff Samardzija
 * January 24 – Niuman Romero
 * January 24 – Jay Sborz
 * January 25 – Shane Lindsay
 * January 28 – Wesley Wright

February

 * February 1 – Colin Curtis
 * February 1 – Elian Herrera
 * February 2 – Scott Maine
 * February 5 – Eric O'Flaherty
 * February 8 – Félix Pie
 * February 12 – Cole De Vries
 * February 13 – Logan Ondrusek
 * February 14 – Tyler Clippard
 * February 15 – Russ Mitchell
 * February 16 – Clint Robinson
 * February 19 – Dan Otero
 * February 20 – Vinnie Pestano
 * February 20 – Ryan Sweeney
 * February 25 – Xavier Paul

March

 * March 2 – Bud Norris
 * March 2 – Brandon Wood
 * March 4 – Cory Luebke
 * March 4 – Michael McKenry
 * March 5 – Brad Mills
 * March 9 – Brian Bocock
 * March 9 – Jesse Litsch
 * March 12 – P. J. Walters
 * March 14 – Steven Hill
 * March 15 – Jon Jay
 * March 17 – César Valdez
 * March 20 – Jonny Venters
 * March 22 – Justin Masterson
 * March 28 – Mark Melancon
 * March 30 – Dan Runzler

April

 * April 1 – Daniel Murphy
 * April 3 – Mike McClendon
 * April 3 – Luis Martínez
 * April 5 – Lastings Milledge
 * April 5 – Héctor Olivera
 * April 5 – Ian Stewart
 * April 8 – Juan Abreu
 * April 8 – Matt Antonelli
 * April 9 – David Robertson
 * April 10 – Jonathan Diaz
 * April 10 – Clayton Mortensen
 * April 12 – Brennan Boesch
 * April 12 – Adonis García
 * April 15 – John Danks
 * April 15 – Aaron Laffey
 * April 23 – Emilio Bonifacio
 * April 24 – Ryan Reid
 * April 26 – Sean Rodriguez
 * April 28 – John Gaub
 * April 29 – Austin Bibens-Dirkx
 * April 29 – Chad Huffman

May

 * May 2 – José Ascanio
 * May 2 – Jarrod Saltalamacchia
 * May 2 - David Sutherland
 * May 3 – Nate Spears
 * May 10 – Luis Atilano
 * May 13 – David Hernandez
 * May 15 – Jim Adduci
 * May 17 – Todd Redmond
 * May 18 – Andrew Carpenter
 * May 20 – Toru Murata
 * May 21 – Andrew Miller
 * May 22 – Rick van den Hurk
 * May 23 – Michael Dunn
 * May 23 – Matt McBride
 * May 25 – Brad Lincoln
 * May 25 – Eric Young
 * May 26 – Kevin Mulvey
 * May 26 – Lance Zawadzki
 * May 30 – Fernando Salas
 * May 30 – Tony Watson

June

 * June 3 – Lucas Harrell
 * June 6 – Trystan Magnuson
 * June 12 – George Kontos
 * June 13 – Pedro Strop
 * June 15 – Michael Fiers
 * June 18 – Chris Coghlan
 * June 19 – Blake Parker
 * June 20 – Brooks Brown
 * June 25 – Daniel Bard
 * June 27 – Steve Edlefsen
 * June 28 – Colt Hynes
 * June 30 – Pat Venditte

July

 * July 1 – Chris Perez
 * July 3 – Greg Reynolds
 * July 4 – Jared Hughes
 * July 7 – Leyson Séptimo
 * July 15 – David Carpenter
 * July 18 – Ramiro Peña
 * July 19 – Ernesto Frieri
 * July 19 – Evan Scribner
 * July 21 – Wei-Yin Chen
 * July 21 – Rob Wooten
 * July 22 – Denis Phipps
 * July 25 – Alex Presley
 * July 26 – Mat Gamel
 * July 28 – Henry Sosa
 * July 30 – Dylan Axelrod

August

 * August 1 – Cole Kimball
 * August 1 – Adam Jones
 * August 5 – Travis Denker
 * August 8 – Blake Wood
 * August 12 – Zack Cozart
 * August 12 – Jhonatan Solano
 * August 13 – Scott Elbert
 * August 14 – Esmil Rogers
 * August 14 – Chris Valaika
 * August 14 - Trent D'Antonio
 * August 16 – Daric Barton
 * August 19 – Josh Fields
 * August 20 – Blake DeWitt
 * August 20 – Matt Hague
 * August 22 – Ryan Feierabend
 * August 22 – Sandy Rosario
 * August 24 – Christian Garcia
 * August 24 – Anthony Ortega
 * August 26 – Eric Fryer
 * August 26 – Darin Mastroianni
 * August 26 – David Price
 * August 28 – Deunte Heath
 * August 29 – Marc Rzepczynski

September

 * September 3 – Chris Nelson
 * September 3 – Troy Patton
 * September 4 – David Herndon
 * September 5 – Tyler Colvin
 * September 6 – Mitch Moreland
 * September 7 – Wade Davis
 * September 10 – Matt Angle
 * September 10 – Anthony Swarzak
 * September 10 – Neil Walker
 * September 11 – Bobby Cassevah
 * September 13 – Lucas French
 * September 14 – Brandon Hicks
 * September 14 – Delmon Young
 * September 16 – Matt Harrison
 * September 17 – Greg Golson
 * September 17 – Eric Hurley
 * September 17 – B. J. Rosenberg
 * September 19 – Gio González
 * September 20 – Ian Desmond
 * September 20 – Kevin Mattison
 * September 21 – Antonio Bastardo
 * September 23 – Joba Chamberlain
 * September 25 – Brad Bergesen
 * September 25 – Bo Schultz
 * September 27 – Pedro Ciriaco
 * September 30 – Dan Robertson
 * September 30 – Jamie Romak
 * September 30 – Danny Worth

October

 * October 1 – Mitch Atkins
 * October 1 – Darren Ford
 * October 1 – Jeremy Horst
 * October 6 – Andrew Albers
 * October 7 – Evan Longoria
 * October 7 – Kris Medlen
 * October 8 – Cody Eppley
 * October 16 – Enerio Del Rosario
 * October 17 – José De La Torre
 * October 17 – Carlos González
 * October 18 – Yoenis Céspedes
 * October 23 – Sam Demel
 * October 25 – Wilkin Ramírez
 * October 27 – Kyle Waldrop
 * October 31 – Javy Guerra
 * October 31 – Andy Parrino

November

 * November 1 – Paulo Orlando
 * November 2 – Daryl Thompson
 * November 4 – Joe Savery
 * November 7 – Mitch Harris
 * November 8 – Darwin Barney
 * November 13 – Asdrúbal Cabrera
 * November 15 – Duane Below
 * November 18 – Bruce Billings
 * November 19 – Brad Harman
 * November 20 – Chuckie Fick
 * November 20 – Greg Holland
 * November 22 – Adam Ottavino
 * November 23 – Pedro Figueroa
 * November 26 – Corey Brown
 * November 26 – Matt Carpenter
 * November 26 – Jhonny Núñez
 * November 30 – Luis Valbuena

December

 * December 1 – Eddy Rodríguez
 * December 2 - Ernesto Mejía
 * December 4 – Andrew Brackman
 * December 4 – Carlos Gómez
 * December 8 – Josh Donaldson
 * December 8 – Robbie Weinhardt
 * December 17 – Fernando Abad
 * December 19 – Michael Taylor
 * December 20 – Tyler Sturdevant
 * December 21 – Ed Easley
 * December 21 – Matt Mangini
 * December 21 – Brian Schlitter
 * December 22 – Daniel Stange
 * December 24 – Andrew Romine
 * December 26 – Chris Carpenter
 * December 30 – Sean Gallagher
 * December 31 – Evan Reed

January

 * January 16 – Ken Chase, 71, pitcher for the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox and New York Giants between 1936 and 1943.
 * January 30 – Joe Bradshaw, 87, pitcher for the 1929 Brooklyn Robins.

February

 * February 3 – Johnnie Bob Dixon, 85, pitched for six Negro leagues teams over five seasons in a period spanning 1926 and 1934.
 * February 4 – Bobby Young, 60, second baseman who hit .248 in an eight-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, Baltimore Orioles and Cleveland Indians from 1948 to 1958.
 * February 10 – Johnny Mokan, 89, outfielder who hit .291 in 582 games for the Pirates and Phillies between 1921 and 1927.
 * February 12 – Van Lingle Mungo, 73, All-Star pitcher whose antics delighted Brooklyn Dodgers fans; led NL in strikeouts, shutouts and innings once each.
 * February 17 – George Washington, 77, outfielder who hit .268 with two home runs for the Chicago White Sox from 1935–36.
 * February 20 – Syl Johnson, 84, pitcher who posted a 112–117 record with four different teams over 19 seasons (1922–1940), and a member of the 1931 World Champion St. Louis Cardinals.
 * February 26 – George Uhle, 86, pitcher for the Indians and Tigers who won 200 games and is credited with having developed the slider pitch in the 1920s; also batted .289, one of the highest averages for a pitcher.

March

 * March 1 – George Banks, 46, third baseman/outfielder who hit .219 in 106 games for the Minnesota Twins and Cleveland Indians from 1962 to 1966.
 * March 2 – Leslie Green, 71, All-Star outfielder whose career in the Negro and Mexican leagues stretched from 1939 to 1946.
 * March 8 – Al Todd, 83, catcher for the Phillies, Pirates, Dodgers and Cubs between 1932 and 1943; later a minor league manager.
 * March 10 – Bill Cooper, 70, left-handed-hitting catcher for four Negro leagues teams between 1938 and 1946.
 * March 10 – Bob Nieman, 58, left fielder who appeared in 1,113 games for six teams between 1951 and 1962 and batted .300 twice for the Baltimore Orioles; first player to hit home runs in his first two major league at-bats; later a scout.
 * March 17 – Ike Pearson, 68, pitcher who posted a 13–50 record hurling for two struggling teams, the Philadelphia Phillies (1939–1942 and 1946) and Chicago White Sox (1948).
 * March 22 – Arthur Allyn Jr., 71, co-owner and club president of the Chicago White Sox from 1961 to 1969.
 * March 25 – Curt Barclay, 53, pitcher who posted a 10–9 record with a 3.48 for the Giants from 1957 to 1959.
 * March 25 – Joe Wood, 65, infielder who played briefly for the 1943 Detroit Tigers.
 * March – Roland Calhoun, 72, who pitched for the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Washington Black Senators of the Negro National League in 1932.

April

 * April 5 – Hal Totten, 83, Chicago-based sportscaster who did play-by-play for the Cubs and White Sox from 1924 to 1945 and the Mutual Network Game of the Day from 1946 to 1950; also a minor league executive.
 * April 8 – Joe Sullivan, 74, knuckleballing southpaw pitcher for three teams from to 1935 to 1941, and a member of the 1935 World Champion Detroit Tigers.
 * April 16 – Benny Zientara, 67, second baseman for the Cincinnati Reds in the 1940s.
 * April 23 – Bob Wilson, 60, right fielder for the 1958 Los Angeles Dodgers.
 * April 23 – Whitey Wistert, 73, pitcher for the 1934 Cincinnati Reds, and a World War II veteran.

May

 * May 1 – Frank Glieber, 51, Dallas sportscaster and longtime CBS-TV NFL announcer who was the television voice of MLB's Texas Rangers from 1978 to 1980.
 * May 4 – Bill Kunkel, 48, AL umpire since 1968 who worked two World Series and four ALCS; previously a relief pitcher who appeared in 89 games for the Kansas City Athletics and New York Yankees (1961–1963); father of shortstop Jeff Kunkel.
 * May 5 – Joe Glenn, 76, catcher for the New York Yankees, St. Louis Browns and Boston Red Sox, who caught Babe Ruth during his last pitching appearance in 1933, and also caught Ted Williams in a rare relief appearance in 1940.
 * May 5 – Charles Shipman Payson, 86, who succeeded his late wife, Joan Whitney Payson, as principal owner of the New York Mets in 1975 until selling the team in 1980 to Nelson Doubleday Jr. and Fred Wilpon.
 * May 6 – Kirby Higbe, 70, All-Star pitcher for five NL teams who won 22 games for the 1941 Brooklyn Dodgers.
 * May 6 – Red Peery, 78, pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Boston Braves between 1927 and 1929.
 * May 10 – Walter Burch, 77, manager who led the Cleveland–Cincinnati Buckeyes of the Negro American League to a 13–9 record during part of the 1942 season.
 * May 11 – Johnny Bero, 62, shortstop who played in 65 major-league games for the 1948 Detroit Tigers and 1951 St. Louis Browns.
 * May 11 – Ramón Bragaña, 76, pitcher, catcher and corner outfielder for the 1928 Cuban Stars East of the Eastern Colored League who had a lengthy career in Black and winter baseball; member of the Cuban and Mexican baseball halls of fame.
 * May 11 – Bud Teachout, 81, pitcher and outfielder for the Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals from 1930 to 1932.
 * May 14 – Earl Bumpus, 71, outfielder, first baseman and southpaw hurler for the Kansas City Monarchs, Birmingham Black Barons and Chicago American Giants of the Negro American League between 1944 and 1948.
 * May 14 – Harry Byrd, 60, All-Star pitcher and American League Rookie of the Year in 1952, who posted a 46–54 career record with a 4.35 ERA for five American League teams.
 * May 14 – Bill Morley, 95, second baseman for the 1913 Washington Senators.
 * May 16 – Johnny Broaca, 73, Yale-educated pitcher who posted a 44–29 record with a 4.08 ERA in 121 games for the Yankees and Indians from 1934 to 1939.
 * May 21 – Archie McKain, 74, left-handed reliever who posted a 26–21 record with a 4.26 ERA and 16 saves for the Red Sox, Tigers and Browns from 1937–43.
 * May 21 – Grover Powell, 44, left-handed pitcher for the 1963 New York Mets, who hurled a four-hit shutout in his first start but was struck in the face by a Donn Clendenon line drive in his next start and never won another game.
 * May 23 – Whitey Wilshere, 72, pitcher who posted a 10–12 record with a 5.28 ERA for the Philadelphia Athletics from 1934 through 1936.
 * May 29 – Billy Zitzmann, 89, outfielder who hit a .267 career average with Cincinnati and Pittsburgh between 1919 and 1929.
 * May 31 – Jake Early, 70, catcher who hit .241 with 32 home runs and 264 RBI in 747 games for the Washington Senators and St. Louis Browns from 1939 to 1949.
 * May – Pete McQueen, 76, outfielder who played for three Negro leagues clubs over three seasons (1932, 1936, 1937).

June

 * June 2 – Dorothy Mueller, 59, All-Star pitcher and a member of three champion teams of the AAGPBL from 1947 to 1953.
 * June 10 – Bob Prince, 68, nicknamed "The Gunner", legendary radio and television voice of the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1948 to 1975; elected to broadcasters' wing of Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986; also did play-by-play for ABC Monday Night Baseball and the Houston Astros.
 * June 23 – Alf Anderson, 71, shortstop who played 126 games for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1940–1941 and 1946).
 * June 26 – Wes Schulmerich, 83, outfielder who hit .289 in 429 games with the Boston Braves, Philadelphia Phillies and Cincinnati Reds from 1931 to 1934.
 * June 29 – Orville Singer, 86, outfielder for five Negro leagues teams, primarily the New York Lincoln Giants, between 1923 and 1932.

July

 * July 2 – Guy Bush, 83, pitcher who won 176 games, most with the Chicago Cubs, but was best remembered for having given up Babe Ruth's last home run.
 * July 4 – Frank Walsh, 79, National League umpire who worked in 344 games between September 1961 and September 1963; umpired in over 4,000 games in organized baseball.
 * July 14 – Larry Drake, 64, outfielder who played from 1945 through 1948 for the Washington Senators and Philadelphia Athletics.
 * July 24 – Ted Kleinhans, 86, left handed reliever who posted a 4–9 record with a 5.08 ERA and one save for the Reds, Yankees and Phillies from 1934 to 1938.
 * July 27 – Smoky Joe Wood, 95, pitcher for the Red Sox who posted a 34–5 record with a 1.91 ERA in 1912, and went on to win three games in the World Series against the New York Giants; after wearing out his arm by age 26 with a record of 117–57, returned as an outfielder with the Indians and batted .366 while platooning in 1921; later coached at Yale for 20 years.
 * July 27 – Carl Yowell, 82, pitcher for the Cleveland Indians in the 1920s.

August

 * August 3 – Cloy Mattox, 82, backup catcher who hit a .167 average for the 1929 Philadelphia Athletics.
 * August 7 – Johnny Rucker, 68, center fielder who hit .272 in 705 games for the New York Giants from 1940 to 1946, leading his team in at-bats (622), hits (179), doubles (38), triples (9) and runs (95) during the 1941 season.
 * August 15 – Sam Streeter, 84, Negro league baseball player.
 * August 16 – Dick Drott, 49, pitcher for the Cubs and Colt .45s from 1957 to 1963, who posted a 15–11 record with a 3.58 in his season debut, ending third in the Rookie of the Year vote behind pitcher Jack Sanford (19–8, 3.08) and first baseman Ed Bouchee (.293, 17 HR, 76 RBI).
 * August 20 – Clarence Fieber, 71, left handed reliever for the 1932 Chicago White Sox.
 * August 21 – Roy Luebbe, 84, backup catcher for the 1925 New York Yankees.
 * August 24 – Boots McClain, 86, infielder who played for seven Negro National League teams over six seasons between 1920 and 1926.
 * August 25 – Dick Wakefield, 64, All-Star left fielder who played for the Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees and New York Giants between 1941 and 1952.
 * August 26 – Stu Clarke, 79, backup infielder who hit .273 in 61 games for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1929 to 1930.
 * August 27 – Rogelio Crespo, 90, Havana-born infielder who played for the Cuban Stars East of the Eastern Colored League in 1926 and 1927.
 * August 27 – Johnny Lindell, 68, 1943 All-Star outfielder who hit .273 in a 12-year career; also posted an 8–18 record with a 4.47 ERA as a pitcher; won three World Series rings with the Yankees in 1943, 1947 and 1949.
 * August 31 – Lefty Smoll, 71, pitcher for the 1940 Philadelphia Phillies.

September

 * September 4 – Art Bramhall, 74, backup infielder for the 1935 Philadelphia Phillies.
 * September 5 – Blaine Walsh, 60, sportscaster; member of the Braves' radio or TV broadcast team from 1953 to 1965, the franchise's 13-year tenure in Milwaukee.
 * September 12 – Steamboat Struss, 76, pitcher for the 1934 Pittsburgh Pirates.
 * September 21 – George Jefferson, 63, pitcher for the Cleveland Buckeyes of the Negro American League (1944–1945, 1947–1948).
 * September – Lloyd Davenport, 73, outfielder and five-time Negro leagues All-Star who played in black and independent baseball between 1935 and 1951, and briefly appeared in "organized" minor league baseball in 1953 at age 42.

October

 * October 7 – Philly Holmes, 72, shortstop whose career in black baseball spanned 1937 to 1945, including three years in the Negro American League; brother of Lefty Holmes.
 * October 8 – Subby Byas, 75, catcher, first baseman and outfielder for three Negro leagues clubs, chiefly the Chicago American Giants, between 1932 and 1942.
 * October 9 – Rusty Yarnall, 82, pitcher for the 1926 Philadelphia Athletics.
 * October 14 – Ossie Bluege, 84, All-Star third baseman who spent his entire 50-year baseball career with the Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins; played for 18 seasons (1922–1939), then served as a coach (1940–1942), manager (1943–1947), farm system director (1948–1957) and comptroller (1958–1971).
 * October 17 – Bud Sheely, 64, backup catcher who hit .210 in 101 games for the Chicago White Sox from 1951 to 1953; son of Earl Sheely.
 * October 20 – Hal Goldsmith, 87, pitcher who posted a 6–10 record with a 4.04 ERA for the Boston Braves and St. Louis Cardinals from 1926 to 1929.
 * October 26 – Bob Scheffing, 72, catcher, coach, manager and executive; hit .263 with 20 home runs and 187 RBI in 517 games for the Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals between 1941 and 1951; managed Cubs from 1957 through 1959 and Detroit Tigers from 1961 until June 16, 1963; succeeded Johnny Murphy as general manager of the New York Mets upon Murphy's sudden death in January 1970, and served as GM through the 1974 season.
 * October – Barney Brown, 77 or 78, southpaw whose career in black baseball spanned 1931 through 1948, notably with New York Black Yankees and Philadelphia Stars; led 1942 Negro National League in complete games, shutouts, innings pitched, and games lost.

November

 * November 11 – Roy Lee, 68, left handed pitcher for the 1945 New York Giants.
 * November 11 – Frank Mulroney, 82, pitcher who had a two-game "cup of coffee" for the 1930 Boston Red Sox.
 * November 12 – Augie Walsh, 81, pitcher who went 4–10 with the Philadelphia Phillies from 1927 to 1928.
 * November 14 – Oscar Harstad, 93, pitcher who posted a 3–5 record with a 3.40 ERA in 32 games for the 1915 Cleveland Indians.
 * November 14 – Luke Nelson, 91, relief pitcher who posted a 3–0 mark with a 2.96 ERA in nine appearances with the 1919 New York Yankees.
 * November 15 – Riggs Stephenson, 87, left fielder who batted .336 lifetime with 1,515 hits, while usually platooning for the Cleveland Indians (1921–1925) and Chicago Cubs (1926–1934).
 * November 23 – Sam West, 81, center fielder for the Washington Senators (1927–1932, 1938–1941) and St. Louis Browns (1933–1938) who batted .300 eight times; four-time AL All-Star.
 * November 25 – Ray Jablonski, 58, All-Star third baseman, mainly with the Cardinals, Reds and Giants, who had 100 RBI in his first two seasons.
 * November 26 – Monk Sherlock, 81, first baseman who hit .324 in 92 games for the 1930 Philadelphia Phillies.
 * November 30 – Jim Grant, 91, pitcher for the 1923 Philadelphia Phillies.

December

 * December 6 – Burleigh Grimes, 92, "Old Stubblebeard", Hall of Fame pitcher who won 270 games between 1916 and 1934, 158 of them for Brooklyn, with five 20-win seasons using the spitball, of which he was the last legal practitioner; later managed 1937–1938 Dodgers and for 14 seasons in minors, and was a longtime scout.
 * December 8 – Dave Madison, 64, relief pitcher who played from 1950 through 1953 for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns and New York Yankees.
 * December 8 – Bill Wambsganss, 91, second baseman for the Cleveland Indians (1914–1923) and member of their 1920 World Series champions, who made the only unassisted triple play in World Series history; also played for the Boston Red Sox and Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1926); later became a manager in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.
 * December 14 – Roger Maris, 51, seven-time All-Star right fielder whose 61 home runs in 1961 broke Babe Ruth's long-standing record, earning him his second consecutive American League MVP award and setting an MLB standard that would last for 37 years; the Yankees, for whom Maris starred from 1960 to 1966, retired his #9 uniform in 1984; three-time World Series champion — 1961 and 1962 with Yanks and 1967 with St. Louis Cardinals — and 1960 Gold Glove winner; also played for Cleveland Indians and Kansas City Athletics during his 12-season (1957–1968) career.
 * December 17 – Elmer Bowman, 88, pinch-hitter for the 1920 Washington Senators.
 * December 17 – Ken O'Dea, 72, All-Star catcher who hit a .255 average with 40 home runs and 323 RBI in a 12-year career with three teams, and was a member of the St. Louis Cardinals teams that won the World Series in 1942 and 1944.
 * December 21 – Joe Genewich, 88, pitcher who went 73–92 with the Boston Braves and New York Giants from 1922 to 1930, who led Major League pitchers with 17 putouts in the 1917 season.
 * December 26 – Les Bell, 84, third baseman who hit .290 with 66 home runs and 509 RBI in a nine-season career with three teams, and a member of the 1926 World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals.
 * December 26 – Jim Bilbrey, 61, pitcher for the 1949 St. Louis Browns.

title: 1985 in baseball


text:
Anushirwan

Anushirwan Khan (, Anūshīrvān Khān) occupied the Ilkhanid throne from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own. He is notable for being the last of the Ilkhan dynasty to have coins struck in his name.

Anushirwan's origins are obscure. One account suggests that Malek Ashraf's wardrobe keeper, a certain Nushirvan, was raised to the throne and given the name Anushirvan, after the famous Sasanian king Khosrow I Anushirvan. The Chobanids struck coins in his name until 1357.

title: Anushirwan


text:
West of Scotland Band Alliance

The West of Scotland Band Alliance, are the oldest Republican marching organisation in Scotland formed in 1979. They march to promote the establishment of a 32 County Socialist Republic of Ireland. The band alliance regularly organise events to commemorate Irish republican activists who have died for those politics. It was historically much larger during the 1980s when there was a lot more active Republican Flute Bands active. Today, the member bands include the Parkhead Republican Flute Band (Glasgow) and the Garngad Republican Flute Band (Glasgow]).

History
In October 1979, a meeting took place in the East End of Glasgow with the Three flute bands that existed in the city at that time: The James Connolly RFB, The Billy Reid RFB and The Kevin Barry RFB. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the infamous battle that took place on 21 April on Victoria Road in Glasgow when republicans were marching in support of the blanket protest in Long Kesh. As the march made its way down Victoria Road it came under sustained attack from Scottish loyalists, resulting in several band members being injured.

After the events of that day, it was decided that republicans should organise themselves into one organisation. The West of Scotland Republican Band Alliance was formed. All future marches would be organised by the Band Alliance committee. At their peak in the mid 1980s, there were 18 flute bands in the Band Alliance. The organisation declared its support for former member and Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoner Michael Dickson imprisoned for an attack on the Osnabrück barracks in Germany and are the only republican organisation in Scotland to do so.

title: West of Scotland Band Alliance


text:
Trsteno

Trsteno (, Dalmatian: Canait) is a village in southern Croatia, administratively located in the City of Dubrovnik. It is located on the D8 road, between the Orašac and Brsečine.

Demographics
According to the 2021 census, its population was 215.

Trsteno Arboretum
Trsteno is most famous for its arboretum, is the oldest arboretum in this part of the world. The arboretum was erected by the local noble family of Gozze in the late 15th century, who requested ship captains to bring back seeds and plants from their travels. The exact start date for the arboretum is unknown, but it was already in existence by 1492, when a 15 m span aqueduct to irrigate the arboretum was constructed; this aqueduct is still in use. It has been the property of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1948, when it was donated. The Arboretum reserves a very special place among the old Ragusan, Dalmatian and Mediterranean parks. It includes a park surrounding the fifteenth century summer residence, which is a monument of garden architecture, and a nineteenth century park at Drvarica.

The arboretum passed into Yugoslav state ownership in 1945, and was declared a natural rarity in 1948. Since 1950 it has been managed by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1962 the Arboretum Trsteno was registered in the list of protected natural monuments list as a monument of landscape architecture. The protected area covers around 255,000 square metres.

Trsteno suffered extensive damage and looting during the Croatian War of Independence when on October 2 and 3rd, 1991, the Yugoslav People's Army launched a series of gunboat and air attacks and set the Arboretum afire, destroying a large part of it, and causing partial damage to the summer residence and the oldest part of the arboretum. The arboretum was further severely damaged in 2000 by a forest fire during a drought, when around 120,000 square metres were lost in fire.

The pride of the arboretum, two Oriental Planes located on the central market place of Trsteno, survived both disasters undamaged. They are over 500 years old and are unique specimens of its kind in Europe. The ancient trees are both about 45/60 m tall and their trunks are 5 m in diameter. Within what was once the noble family's country house, there is the oldest Renaissance park in Croatia, designed in 1502, with numerous exotic plants.

In popular culture
In the third season and fourth season of the television series Game of Thrones, Trsteno and its Arboretum was used as the setting of the Red Keep palace gardens in King's Landing.

title: Trsteno