text:
Cycling in Chicago

Since the advent of the bicycle in the 1860s, Chicago has been distinguished as one of the premier cycling locations in the United States, with such public cycling destinations as Grant Park, Burnham Park and the Chicago Park District's Lakefront Trail.

History
Early bicycles arrived in Chicago in the 1860s. By 1900, there were 54 bicycle clubs with more than 10,000 members. Bicycle advocacy has been present in Chicago since the early days of the city. Carter H. Harrison II, a mayoral candidate, was an advocate for cyclists. One of his campaign posters presented him as "Not the Champion Cyclist; But the Cyclists' Champion." Harrison won the mayoral election and attributed his victory to strong support from cyclists, and rewarded his supporters with a bike path along Sheridan Road from Edgewater to Evanston. By the late 1890s, Chicago was the "bicycle-building capital of America". According to the 1898 Chicago Bicycle Directory, approximately two-thirds of the country's bicycles and accessories were manufactured within 150 mi of the city.

Mayor Richard J. Daley, like Harrison, was a supporter of bicycling. When he was inaugurated, the city had a limited number of bike paths. By the 1970s, Daley's administration had built a large network of lakefront bike paths, bicycle lanes on the road, a 34 mi bicycle route and rush-hour bicycle lanes on Clark Street and Dearborn Street.

In the 2000s, Chicago roads and trails saw an increase in the number of bicyclists. This can, in part, be attributed to mayor Richard M. Daley. Daley said, "My goal is to make the City of Chicago the most bicycle-friendly city in the U.S." Daley created a Mayor's Bicycle Advisory Council (MBAC) in order to encourage bicycling in the city.

The Council created the Chicago Department of Transportation Bike Program, a multimillion-dollar program funded primarily by Federal CMAQ funds, in order to achieve this end. The program, whose efforts are guided by the Bike 2015 Plan, approved in June 2006, has created over 100 mi of new bike lanes, installed 10,000 bicycle racks, and installed 165 mi of signed bike routes in 2006. The city has also sponsored events to promote biking, such as Bike The Drive, Bike to Work Rally, the L.A.T.E. Ride, the Commuter Challenge, and many other events. In November 2001, Bicycling magazine honored Chicago as the "Best Cycling City in the United States" of cities with more than one million residents.

Bikes and transit
All Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) & Pace buses are equipped with bicycle racks that accommodate two bicycles each, available for use at all times. Bicycles are allowed to board any Chicago Transit Authority train ("the 'L'"), except during the hours of 7–9 am and 4–6 pm on weekdays, up to two bikes per car. Bicycles are not allowed on trains on July 3 or 4. Folding bicycles, however, are allowed on CTA vehicles at all times. Metra, the commuter rail system, allows bicycles to ride on reverse commute, non-rush hour, and weekend Metra trains for no extra cost. Metra timetables list certain blackout dates and specify which trips disallow bicycles; folding bicycles are allowed at all times. This policy began in 2005.

Most CTA rail stations have indoor, outdoor or outdoor sheltered bicycle parking. The Chicago Bicycle Program's Bike Parking website displays all stations and denotes the quantity and type of bicycle parking available. Most Metra stations have bicycle parking available.

Starting in 2008, high capacity bike parking was constructed at four CTA rail stations: Damen (CTA Blue Line), Sox-35th (CTA), Jefferson Park (Metra-CTA), and Midway (CTA).

Bike sharing
Divvy, a bicycle sharing system, was launched on June 28, 2013, with 750 bikes at 75 stations. It has since expanded to 580 stations, making it the largest bike share system in North America in area covered, including 2016 expansions to near suburban communities including Evanston and Oak Park. Oak Park ended its partnership with Divvy in January 2018, and the stations and bikes were subsequently removed soon after.

Facilities
According to the CDOT, Chicago has just over 111 mi of dedicated bike lanes covering much of the city. There are also several miles of roads signed and marked with shared lane markings (consisting of bike and chevron symbols, or bike symbols and arrows). As of August 2008, there are approximately 27 mi of these types of shared bike lanes throughout the city. The Milwaukee Avenue bike lane and marked shared lane is one of the most popular on-street bikeways in the city: between 2003 and 2008, the number of bicyclists riding on the street has increased 377%. CDOT is counting the number of bicyclists on other city streets in 2008 and 2009.

The City of Chicago publishes a Bike Lane Design Guide. The Bicycle Parking Program within the CDOT Bicycle Program lists almost 8,000 bike racks at over 4,000 locations in the city limits. More than half of the CTA 'L' stations have indoor or sheltered bike parking available to protect bicycles from inclement weather.

The McDonald's Cycle Center in Millennium Park was opened on July 16, 2004, just east of the Pritzker Pavilion. The building has indoor parking for bicycles, bicycle repair, showers, rental, lockers, and a cafe.

The Chicago Park District maintains an 18-mile multi-use path along Lake Michigan called the Lakefront Trail.

Organizations

 * The Active Transportation Alliance, formerly known as the Chicagoland Bicycle Federation, was founded in 1985 and is the largest member-supported bicycle organization in the Chicago region. ActiveTrans works heavily with the Chicago Bicycle Program.
 * The Illinois Cycling Association focus on competitive cycling with links to several Chicago based racing clubs.
 * The Chicago Cycling Club holds regular rides.
 * The UIC College of Cycling promotes cycling at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
 * Several grassroots organizations also exist to promote cycling in Chicago. The Cycling Sisters work to encourage women to ride more. Break the Gridlock works to reduce auto-dependence. West Town Bikes teaches kids and adults how to maintain their own bikes. Bike Winter holds workshops and fun events to keep people biking all year round. The Pilsen/Little Village Bicycle Alliance works to increase bicycling in those neighborhoods.
 * The Evanston Bike Club has rides for every skill and level on the north side of the city.
 * Bike Lane Uprising is a group that promotes safe bike riding in the city, including giving out thousands of bike safety lights for free and developing an easy to use website and phone app that allows anybody to submit a picture and information about unsafe biking infrastructure in Chicago and across the US.

Events
The monthly Critical Mass ride draws thousands of participants in the summer months. Participants gather at Daley Plaza on the last Friday of every month at 5:30 PM for a free ride.

The LATE Ride, sponsored by the Friends of the Parks, is an annual overnight tour of Chicago neighborhoods.

Active Transportation Alliance hosts its annual Bike The Drive and Boulevard Lakefront Tour.

Each summer, the Mayor's Office of Special Events (MOSE) hosts Bike Chicago, a series of bike friendly events around the city. MOSE and CDOT jointly operate the online calendar of events.

Maps

 * MassUp.us - Multi-function WebApp for Chicago cyclists.

title: Cycling in Chicago


text:
Punk Sucks

Punk Sucks is a California punk rock compilation album, released by Southern California-based Liberation Records in 1995.

Track listing

 * 1) Pennywise - "Slowdown"
 * 2) No Use for a Name - "Soulmate"
 * 3) Ten Foot Pole - "Racer X"
 * 4) Sublime - "All You Need"
 * 5) Home Grown - "Face in the Crowd"
 * 6) Voodoo Glow Skulls - "Descendent's Song"
 * 7) White Kaps - "Germs"
 * 8) 88 Fingers Louie - "Too Many"
 * 9) Neighbors - "Sometimes"
 * 10) H.F.L. - "Old School Pride"
 * 11) Everready - "I Hate You"
 * 12) Bollweevils - "New Dreams"
 * 13) Unwritten Law - "C.P.K."
 * 14) Good Riddance - "Mother Superior"
 * 15) Blink-182 - "M+M's"
 * 16) Strung Out - "Support Your Troops"
 * 17) Naked Aggression - "Right Now"
 * 18) Jughead's Revenge - "49/61"
 * 19) Funeral Oration - "Damn You"
 * 20) Overlap - "Song #9"
 * 21) The Bouncing Souls - "The Ballad Of Johnny X"
 * 22) Boris the Sprinkler - "All My Time"
 * 23) Glue Gun - "Skate The Haight"
 * 24) Quincy Punx - "Cereal Killer"
 * 25) Fed Up! - "Can't Figure It"
 * 26) Straight Faced - "Omit"
 * 27) F.Y.P - "2000 A.D."
 * 28) Fighting Cause - "Bummers"
 * 29) Supernovice - "Out On The Grass"
 * 30) The Living End - "Deadbeat"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Punk Sucks


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 July 20

Category:Junior-bantanweights

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:03, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

misspelling; started correctly spelled Category:Junior-bantamweights
 * (added by Mayumashu 03:45, 20 July 2005) forgot to sign ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  04:49, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and delete per nom, as long as that doesn't imply they are kids (it's a weight measurement, right?). -Splash 17:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Famous Sufis

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 13:01, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Should be simply Category:Sufis, as it is implied that if they have articles they are famous. - SimonP 03:41, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nom; don't include notability claims in category titles. -Splash 17:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As an aside, should we stick List of famous Sufis up on VFD as it's redundant with the category? Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 00:15, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Smurfs with multisyllabic names

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Is this a joke? Delete. Gamaliel 03:35, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I fear it is not a joke, much like the CfD below. -Splash 17:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 19:57, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Fictional characters who have operated Santa Claus' sleigh during a Christmas special

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 12:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

I think this violates the "Can you write a few paragraphs about it?" and "Is it obvious why this category is there?" guidleines on Categorization. What's next? "Category:Actors who have co-starred with Kermit the Frog"? "Category:Smurfs with multisyllabic names"? BrianSmithson 02:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Too narrow and not useful for general category structure. Aww, I really wanted to know who acted with Kermit :(  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  03:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but that's hilarious. -Splash 17:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Pavel Vozenilek 22:41, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think this would make a great list article; it would definitely make Unusual articles. But delete as a category.  I'm also surprised to find out that The Nightmare Before Christmas is a fictional character.  Postdlf 17:39, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Architecture of South Asia

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 12:50, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

We already have Category:Architecture by country. Eliot 01:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed Please see relevant categories mentioned by nom. This is a contintental category, with one child already cat'd in Category:Architecture by country. should be deleted. ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  03:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, the cited cat appears to show that architecture is cat'd by country (for a discussion of how to name country-related cats, please see Category titles, rather than discussing it here). -Splash 17:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--there definitely can or will be a group of articles relating only to South Asian architecture; the country-articles or country-cats can still be members of Category:Architecture by country ~ Dpr 22:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, categorize by country, not by continent. Radiant_ >|< 08:36, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. --Kbdank71 14:06, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT if South Asia is considered as a cultural definition, then it should be allowable, as architecture is influenced by culture. Ofcourse, examples of architecture in such a category needs to be culturally identifiable, and not just geographically placed 132.205.44.43 14:57, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ancient architecture are not bounded by the present-day political boundaries (which are relatively young in this part of the world), but culture. Articles on such topic can be placed in this category. — Instantnood 15:20, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Category:Paleopathologists

Paleopathologists study paleopathology, the study of ancient diseases.

title: Category:Paleopathologists


text:
Talk:Auditory integration training

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is currently the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 5 January 2022 and 29 April 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ahackney1702.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:59, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untested
AIT is highly controversial and has not been fully approved by the US FDA.
 * —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 12.218.160.196 (talk • contribs). 20 July 2005

AIT has never had double-blind testing in the fourteen years or so that it has been "experimental" (SIcTR Review No. 23, Vol 5, 23-28ff). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.26.12.240 (talk • contribs) 2006-10-30

I take the above comments to mean that the article currently is not neutral, in that it spends a lot of time describing AIT and claming that it is "evident", but very little time noting that there's not sufficient scientific evidence to support its use. After reading the article for the first time today, I agree. Good sources for re-editing this article seem to be the ASHA technical report and Sinha et al. 2006. Does anyone know of other sources? Eubulides (talk) 09:54, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I made many changes in an attempt to make the article more neutral, and to rely on high-quality sources. I removed the stuff about music therapy in general, as it was unsourced, duplicative of other articles, poorly written, and not that relevant. Eubulides (talk) 09:53, 28 December 2007 (UTC

Scientific references reviewing AIT:

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities. (1998). Auditory Integration Training and Facilitated Communication for Autism. Pediatrics, 102(2), pp. 431-433.

Working Group in AIT (2004). "Auditory integration training: technical report" (PDF). ASHA Suppl (24): 96–102. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

Sinha Y, Silove N, Wheeler D, Williams K. (2006) Auditory integration training and other sound therapies for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 91(12):1018-22.

Mudford, O.C. and Cullen, C. (2005) Auditory integration training: a critical review. In: Controversial therapies for developmental disabilities: fads, fashion and science in professional practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005, pp. 351-362.

Mudford OC, Cross BA, Breen S, Cullen C, Reeves D, Gould J, Douglas J. Auditory integration training for children with autism: no behavioral benefits detected. Am J Ment Retard 2000 Mar;105(2):118-129.

I have undergone AIT recently. I have stopped my Vyvance and Stratera medication ever since and I feel much better than ever before. Also i think that you should reference 3 books (soon to be 4) by Annabel Stehli. ToaDjango —Preceding undated comment was added at 00:21, 13 January 2009 (UTC).

Unsourced and promotional changes
These edits had some problems: More generally, we need reliable sources here. Please see WP:MEDRS and WP:RS for what constitutes reliable sources in the context of Wikipedia. In the meantime, I reverted the change. Eubulides (talk) 17:41, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
 * They inserted text ", autistic-like behaviors ,Pervasive developmental delay, Attention deficit disorder, dyslexia, learning disabilities ,other non-specific hearing sensitivities (hyperacusis)" that is not mentioned or supported by the cited source.
 * They inserted two paragraphs about the early 1990s that (a) are not cited, and (b) present a misleading summary of the research into AIT. Early research showed some promise, but later studies showed that it didn't pan out, and the Wikipedia article should not emphasize the former over the later.
 * They inserted an unsourced section The Efficacy of Auditory Integration Training:.
 * They inserted several links that appear to promote the business of AIT; see WP:LINKSPAM for why these are not appropriate here.

Further edits on 2009-02-02
These further edits, by a different Wikipedia user, had some problems as well: Also, please don't switch from one user to another to make edits like these; I have opened a new page WP:Sockpuppet investigations/EarCareCenter on that issue. Eubulides (talk) 22:00, 2 February 2009 (UTC)
 * They introduced the claim "It has been used for over 40 years by now and sounds to have been beneficial to those with autism" but the cited source does not support either the "40 years" nor the "beneficial to those with autism" parts of the claim.
 * They reintroduced the claim about PDD, ADD, etc., but (again) the cited source does not support this claim.
 * They removed well-sourced critical material citing reliable sources that include the American Academy of Pediatrics, the New York Dept. of Health, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the FDA.
 * They added a large quantity of unsourced material and testimonials about an autistic child who improved dramatically and eventually got a Ph.D., etc.
 * They removed a wikilink to Autism.
 * They reinserted the several business-promotion links noted in my previous comments.

 * No further comment and the article was in fairly sad shape, so I made this change to try to repair things as best I could. Eubulides (talk) 07:11, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Further edits on 2009-02-03
These further edits have serious problems: Eubulides (talk) 17:18, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * They again introduced unsourced claims about ADD, PDD, dyslexia, etc.
 * They introduced duplicate material about the history of AIT. There's no reason to repeat this stuff; it's already discussed in Auditory integration training.
 * They introduced text that is sourced only by commercial advertisement. This is not a reliable source in the Wikipedia sense (see WP:MEDRS).
 * They changed a header from "Lack of evidence" to "Old theory said:" for material that discusses a paper published in 2006, and introduced a new section talking about efficacy referring to work published in the 1990s. This seriously misrepresents the evidence. There were early promising studies, but later work found no significant evidence in favor of AIT. The Wikipedia article should not emphasize the early, preliminary work in favor of the later, more definitive work.
 * There is a continuing problem here of editors adding unsourced, poorly sourced, or duplicative material, without discussion. I suggest discussing controversial changes like these first, on the talk page.

 * I made this edit to try to address the above problems, while trying to keep the improvements made in the latest set of edits. Eubulides (talk) 18:55, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Request For Knowlegeable Contributors
In checking the history of this page it is clear that the desire to have a clean scientific layout has taken preference over the factual accuracy of the content. Eubulides as a frequent contributor has shown a fine grasp of the layout requirement, but of less so of the actual facts around AIT, and it should be mentioned that that despite the awards for frequent (or relentless) edits, Eubulides does not know this topic!
 * Please can we stay with contributions of high standard but which will provide the full picture of AIT, not only to post the negatively biased one-sided views of one contributor!
 * To maintain a high quality of entry, and maintain Wikipedia's reputation as a reliable source of free information, at least let's call for insider information... let it be obvious that the contributor is at the very least a trained and practising practitioner, and preferably an international trainer or committee member! OK?

Jvanr (talk) 07:47, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Expert editors are of course welcome, as they have obvious advantages in familiarity with a subject and in locating sources, but it's Wikipedia policy that articles must be properly sourced, and that an expert editor's own opinion does not count as a source. For more on this subject, please see WP:NOR and WP:V. Eubulides (talk) 09:31, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Comments on Further Edits on 2009-02-12/13

 * Comment claims own source as reliable and intriduced source as unreliable without explanation of what make it so.
 * Comment claims parent stories were quoted to prove efficacy, which is a misrepresentation of the purpose which was clear from the context in which it was used.
 * The proclaimed reputable medical publisher is also misinformed and errors are introduced into the entry by failing to cross-check the facts with knowlegeable authors.
 * Comment and revisions continue to reveal strong negative bias and poor factual base.
 * changing the number from 1 to 2 KHz is correct since it is written in Dr Berard's own specifications for the building of the devices, which will be more reliable than the Mudford reference.
 * The sources preferred by the editor being medical have erroneously used medical terminolgy to describe AIT related matters, e.g. 'therapy', 'treat', 'hyper-acusis'. All knowlegeable practitioners would avoid this error.
 * The editor continues to rate preferred and own sources as 'of higher quality' than the more accurate but non-preferred sources of information, written by people actually practising this method and therefore more reliable and accurate.
 * the persistent introduction of errors into this article serve to create mis-information that mislead.Jvanr (talk) 22:31, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

 * "unreliable without explanation of what make it so" For what constitutes reliable sources in Wikipedia, see WP:RS and WP:MEDRS. I'd rather not repeat those general guidelines here.
 * "Comment claims parent stories were quoted" Sorry, I don't know what this refers to. The word "parent" appears nowhere else on this talk page.
 * "changing the number from 1 to 2 KHz is correct since it is written in Dr Berard's own specifications for the building of the devices" The current version of the text sidesteps this issue by saying "low- and high-pass filtering".
 * :* "The proclaimed reputable medical publisher is also misinformed"; "The sources preferred by the editor being medical have erroneously used medical terminolgy to describe AIT related matters"; etc. These are reliable sources on the subject of AIT. Sinha et al. 2006 is published in the peer-reviewed journal Archives of Disease in Childhood. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association AIT working group technical report (PDF) is published by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, a respected professional organization. Mudford & Cullen 2005 (from ISBN 080584192X) is published by the respectable academic publisher Routledge. Wikipedia's job is to reflect mainstream opinion like this, regardless of whether individual editors consider it misinformed.
 * Eubulides (talk) 09:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Further edits on 2009-02-12/13
The followup change installed into this article has several problems:
 * It introduced unreliable source into the lead, namely Edelson & Rimland 2001, in order to dispute a reliable secondary source, namely Mudford & Cullen 2004 (in ISBN 080584192X). It also overly emphasized the same source in the body, for the same purpose. As per WP:MEDRS, a self-published advocacy website is less reliable than an edited book published by a reputable medical publisher; and this article should not use less-reliable sources to dispute or impeach more-reliable ones.
 * It introduced an unreliable source, the AIT institute's web page, on the efficacy of AIT. As per WP:RS and WP:MEDRS these sorts of sources are not reliable.
 * Similarly for Rathaille 2002 and Seymour & Rathaille (undated). These are all self-published.
 * It introduced one reliable source into the lead, namely Sinha et al. 2006, but reported only its minor conclusion (no significant adverse effects) without reporting its major conclusion (insufficient evidence to support AIT's use).
 * It introduced POV wording like "Despite", "Although", "carefully spaced", "purpoted", "it should be noted", "in fact", "supports the common experience" that are not supported by the cited sources, but are interpolation of the Wikipedia editor. As per WP:NPOV, we should avoid wording like that.
 * It inserted quote marks around "insufficient evidence", which attempts to cast doubt on a reliable source.
 * It inserted the following claims that are supported only by a self-published book, "Autism Options Galore!" As per WP:RS, self-published books are not reliable.
 * "originally the Audiokinetron but now more frequently the Earducator the DAA, or a computer-based delivery system called Filtered Sound Training"
 * Also, it changed some numbers in minor ways, presumably favoring the Galore source over Mudford & Cullen.

 * It inserted the following claims that are not supported by sources.
 * "train rather than treat"
 * "improve the quality of life of those with autism"
 * "This intervention is not to be viewed as a therapy, but a training procedure (although the medical profession continually refers to it as therapy)."
 * "it is still being tested for its safety"
 * "This device has largely been replaced by a variety of devices. AIT practitioners make no claims of medical benefit,but focus on its wellness and educational benefits, and therefore AIT does not fall under the remit of the FDA."
 * "painful hearing"
 * "However it should be noted that this review combined all kinds of diverse auditory techniques together for the purpose of evaluation, thereby including AIT with other auditory techniques that have no research basis."
 * "that support the common experience that there tend to be improvements in areas relevant to development and progress"

I installed a further edit to try to address the above problems. Eubulides (talk) 09:19, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It cites a book by Stehli to support claims about the accomplishments of Stehli. Again, Stehli is not a reliable source for her own accomplishments.
 * It mentions a number of other unreliable books in the main text. I'm sure that we could mention dozens of anecdotal stories about the effectiveness of AIT, but the article should not use a high quantity of low-quality sources in order to drown out the high-quality sources that it does have.

Comment on Further Edits by Eubulides
This editor continues to edit in an area in which expertise is not evident, thereby introducing serious errors into the entry. Insufficient infomation base, and descernable negative bias , are revealed by
 * persisting in insisting that it is a medical intervention or therapy, when it is not claimed to be this by its practitioners.
 * continuing to insist on medical standards and medical reviews when AIT is not a medical intervention.
 * Not being medical it is inaccurate to refer to AIT as 'treating' 'sensory processing problems'... this is a common mistake to make, but the encyclopedia entry shouldnt be making it.
 * insisting that misinformed medical opinions should take precedence over trained and experienced insider views.
 * References are too limited - the Mumford and Sinha works are repeatedly quoted.
 * There is no evidence of having knowlege of the other contributors to the studies, or other authors on AIT.

The editor objects to the inclusion or over-inclusion of items that he himself had introduced in an earlier edit.
 * There is too much repetition of the same negative comment through placement in several places in the article.
 * encyclopedic content must be verifiable. The sources to which Eu objects are inserted to that very end.
 * Sessions often start off with music and sounds that are familiar to the client, so they are easily recognizable. Then, gradually throughout the sessions the music and sounds become more technical and harder to discriminate. this is a serious error. Eubulides is confusing some other technique with AIT it seems.
 * Unnecessary emphasis on the FDA 'banning' the Audiokinetron, while the Audiokinetron is no longer even manufactured, neither is the BGC, and this piece of information is out of date, and irrelevant to the present status of AIT.
 * more than a little contentious to belabour the 'multimillion dollar' point? OTT?
 * Asserting that it is irrelevant for the entry to be accurate in its content - only that it should accurately summarise an erroneous mainstream point of view.

While the sources Eu prefers are inaccurate, the wiki entry should be accurate. To this end AIT-approved sources are relevant to a greater degree than Eu wants to allow. Even from a medical point of view, one must inform the public, not mislead the public who are the readers of Wikipedia. Jvanr (talk) 00:09, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Again, the expertise of individual editors isn't relevant as to whether the text is appropriate to Wikipedia. What counts is whether the text accurately summarizes reliable sources; please see WP:V and WP:RS.
 * U.S. practitioners of AIT state that it is an educational intervention and not a medical intervention, so that they don't run afoul of FDA regulations for the claims made for the therapy. However, this legal maneuver is largely irrelevant to the central question of whether AIT has high-quality evidence for its effectiveness. Certainly there are reliable sources that classify AIT as medical interventions (which may be more appropriate for the worldwide perspective that Wikipedia is supposed to have). For example, Developmental-behavioral Pediatrics: Evidence and Practice (ISBN 032304025X) lists it in page 269 of its "Treatment and Management" section. It would make sense to cover this dispute about whether AIT is medical or educational, but we'd need a reliable source on the topic.
 * WP:WEIGHT says that this article should be written from the mainstream viewpoint, with due weight given to minority viewpoints. This means that it's perfectly OK, in fact it's desirable, for the article to cite the minority viewpoint in some places, but it's not OK to over-cite the non-mainstream view.
 * Not just any source will do. Sources must be reliable; please see WP:RS. As a general rule, self-published sources are not reliable.
 * Eubulides (talk) 00:44, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Following up after further edits to Jvanr's comments above:
 * It is not a question about what AIT's practitioners claim in the U.S., or about what trained and experienced insiders say. It is a question about what reliable sources say. Wikipedia's text must be supported by reliable sources; see WP:RS.
 * Thanks for fixing the "sensory processing problems"; that wording has been there for a long time (predating my editing) without being fixed.
 * Agreed that it would be helpful to cite "other authors on AIT", assuming that these are reliable sources.
 * "There is too much repetition of the same negative comment through placement in several places in the article." WP:LEAD says that the lead should summarize the rest of the article; necessarily this means that a point in the lead will be repeated in the body.
 * "The sources to which Eu objects are inserted to that very end." Not just any source will do; the source must be reliable, in the sense of WP:RS and WP:MEDRS.
 * "Sessions often start off with music and sounds that are familiar to the client" Again, thanks for correcting that error, which also predates my editing.
 * "Unnecessary emphasis on the FDA 'banning' the Audiokinetron" Surely this is worth covering in the lead; it's perhaps the single most notable event in the mainstream reaction to AIT.
 * "more than a little contentious to belabour the 'multimillion dollar' point? OTT?" Sorry, I don't know what "OTT" means. The multimillion dollar point is taken directly from the cited source, which certainly thought the money was notable.
 * "Asserting that it is irrelevant for the entry to be accurate in its content - only that it should accurately summarise an erroneous mainstream point of view." Wikipedia policy is to summarize a topic from the mainstream viewpoint; see WP:NPOV.
 * "AIT-approved sources are relevant to a greater degree than Eu wants to allow" They are certainly relevant, but as representatives of a minority viewpoint, they should not be given precedence over the mainstream view. See WP:WEIGHT.
 * "one must inform the public, not mislead the public" 100% agree.
 * Eubulides (talk) 08:22, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Comment by Jvanr
minority viewpoint AIT is a training offered by very few practitioners, so that those knowlegeable about it will de facto be a minority However, the experience and views of this group are relevant to the accuracy of an entry discussiong their field of expertise, over the uninformed mass majority view, surely for the purpose of an encyclopedia entry. Jvanr (talk) 02:51, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * By "minority viewpoint" I meant a minority among reliable sources, not a minority among all the people in the world. This is the standard interpretation of "minority viewpoint" in Wikipedia; see WP:WEIGHT, which says "Keep in mind that in determining proper weight we consider a viewpoint's prevalence in reliable sources". Eubulides (talk) 09:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * We seem to have differing interpretations for the cncept of 'reliable resources', since I would seek to find sources important to AIT practitioners represented along with those of the opposing point of view - which are medical and therefore irrelevant as defining resources on AIT. Jvanr (talk) 22:36, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * This article should follow the Wikipedia guidelines for reliable sources, discussed in WP:RS, and elaborated in WP:MEDRS for medical facts and figures. It is not a question of balancing points of view (for example, one wouldn't "balance" the flat-earth viewpoint with the earth-is-round viewpoint); it is a question of finding the most-reliable sources that represent mainstream opinion. AIT makes claims that it is a treatment for conditions such as dyslexia, autism, etc. Reliable medical sources are desirable for the discussion of such claims, even if AIT practitioners say (for legal reasons) that AIT is not a medical treatment. Eubulides (talk) 06:17, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Edit on 2009-02-14
This 2009-02-14 edit has some problems:

 * It replaced "treat auditory processing disorders" with "improve listening skills". This change is debatable, but the cited source (Mudford & Cullen 2004, in ISBN 080584192X) doesn't define AIT by its goals, it defines AIT by what it is. This is a better way of going about it.
 * It removed the citation to Mudford & Cullen 2004 (in ISBN 080584192X). This is a reliable source, published in a medical textbook put out by a reputable medical publisher. Please don't remove reliable sources like that, unless they can be replaced by even better sources.
 * It replaced "Several claims have been made for it, including claims that it can greatly benefit those with autism." with "There are reports that it can benefit those with autism". But the cited source (Mudford & Cullen) state that Berard made claims of "very positive results" for dyslexia, depression, and so forth; for example, he wrote that 233 cases of "depression, suidical tendencies" were "cured after first course of treatment". Mudford & Cullen go on to state that there's no peer-reviewed scientific research to back these claims. All this should be noted.
 * It removed the text that Sinha et al. 2006 "found insufficient evidence to support its use". But this is the main point of that review, which is a reliable source; it should not be ignored.
 * It replaced "AIT does not meet scientific standards for efficacy and safety that would justify its inclusion as a mainstream treatment." with "While AIT is not a medical intervention nor a therapy". But the cited source, Working Group in AIT 2004 (PDF), directly supported the old text, saying "Despite approximately one decade of practice in this country, this method has not met scientific standards for efficacy and safety that would justify its inclusion as a mainstream treatment for these disorders." The cited source does not at all support the new text.
 * It removed the well-sourced text "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has banned the Audiokinetron, the original device used to perform AIT, from importation into the U.S. due to lack of evidence of medical benefit."
 * It added the unsourced and dubious text "while reports of its efficacy in this area favour its inclusion."
 * It replaced "hyper-acute hearing" with "painful hearing". The common technical term is "hyperacusis" (oversensitive hearing), and the article should use the common term.
 * It moved the following text to the Evidence basis section:
 * "An early 1990s study of the efficacy of AIT in autism was promising, and additional studies also showed positive effects."
 * citing Edelson & Rimland 2001. However, this older study was self-published and not peer-reviewed, and is not currently a reliable source by the standards of WP:RS and WP:MEDRS. The older study is relevant for the history section, but not for the current evidence basis.

I made this change to try to fix the above problems. Eubulides (talk) 08:22, 15 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It inserted the unsourced text "with the Georgiana Institute".
 * It inserted the unsourced text "and to the world. AIT is practiced in many countries, and the numbers of practitioners continue to grow."
 * It removed the well-sourced text "The latter book provided wide publicity to AIT in the English-speaking world. By 1994, over 10,000 U.S. children and adults had received training, at a cost of around US$1000 to US$1300 each, and AIT became a multimillion dollar industry." The source is Mudford & Cullen.

Concerning New Edits 14.02.09
Since you wish to disallow the use of sources that give the true facts of AIT, but will allow only quotes from two error-filled sources of your own choosing, the likelihood of having cited sources to support the facts is diminished.
 * It is common to include sources that are highly regarded by the discipline under discussion as well as counter-argumentative sources, to provide a fuller understanding and avoid undue bias.
 * If you will only admit the publications of the partially-informed or incorrectly-informed commentator and ignore the publications of the highly-informed experienced practitioners, your input into this article must understandably be biased and reveal lack of knowlege to the informed reader.
 * Also, the fact that you continue to try to frame AIT in medical terms and judge it solely by medico-scientific standards further adds to the negative bias and error-base of the article as it stands.

'''It is common to use some of the vocabulary employed by a discipline while describing or explaining that discipline. Thus'''
 * 'hyper-acute hearing' is an inappropriate medical reference, while the the term 'painful hearing' is more common in Berard's book, which you do allow.
 * ' training' should replace 'treatment' which is a medical term.
 * 'therapy' is a medical term... and so on...
 * Since you deem the first Study by Edelson to be too old, you might see fit to allow the inclusion of the later, peer-reviewed and larger study.
 * A history of AIT is seriously incomplete without including the Georgiana Institute. This information is in Berards book as well as the Stehli book, both of which you included / allowed.
 * It wasn't the Autism Research Institute, but Dr Bernard Rimland of the Institute, who promoted information on AIT.
 * What Rimland did was equalled if not exceeded by the role of the Stehli's and the Georgiana Institute in bringing AIT to the USA and internationally - this is quoted in the book 'Dancing in the Rain' which you disallow - leading to erroneous statements. This should be corrected.
 * 'AIT practitioners from around the world' is cited in the Stehli book which you wish to exclude.
 * Your attempt to have the cost of AIT included is inappropriate and serves the existing negative bias of your edits... it is also a false statement quoted from an unfactual source albeit one you favour. AIT costs vary greatly. Please note that as an international method, costs and circumstances vary greatly, a fact Mudford failed to mention.
 * The use of the words 'multi-million dollar industry' again favours the negative bias - picture this applied to the medical or dental profession to understand this objection.
 * YOU COMMENT THAT it ...replaced "treat auditory processing disorders" with "improve listening skills". This change is debatable, but the cited source (Mudford & Cullen 2004, in ISBN 080584192X) doesn't define AIT by its goals, it defines AIT by what it is. This is a better way of going about it
 * - firstly that it is a better way would be your own opinion.
 * - secondly it does not say what AIT is at all, but is a different way of saying what it does. This argument of the point is not following logical reasoning.
 * Also, this again attempts to favour medico-terminology for this non-medical training.

LETS TALK ABOUT THIS ATTEMPT TO FORCE THE VIEW THAT AIT HAS MEDICAL STATUS: To clearly understand we an use an analogy - ''just because exercise makes your heart race and alters the metabolic rate - is gymnastics a medical intervention? '' Does the fact that doctors study exercise make gymnastics a medical intervention? Is it a medical procedure to sit pedalling on an exercise bike for 15 minutes? Should we invite the FDA to seize bicycles until they are proven 'safe'?

Those who know about AIT assert AIT is a training method which seeks to improve the quality of life of the user
 * your allegation about AIT attempting to dodge the FDA by avoiding medical terms is unnecessarily contentious ... our argument is - why seek to go medical when we are not a medical intervention any more than any other training exercise regimen?

 * Given this point then, the entry you propose about the FDA is far from the significant to the present-day status of AIT in the USA.
 * Since the FDA is cited as saying there is no evidence of medical benefit, and the AIT practitioners confirm this is not a medical intervention, it is hard to see the relevance of all the inclusion of medical references and medical terminology into this article.
 * If the FDA and the Kinetron is mentioned one has to go on to explain more fully about the lack of relevance of the restrictions to the other devices... and so on, and the article just becomes unnecessarily long.
 * There are advisements in the WP protocol against using the word 'claim' as you do since it expresses ones own opinions and attempts to discredit.

Since we appear to be concerned about the same topic, I would be glad to coninue to work with you to hone this article until satisfactory.Jvanr (talk) 02:42, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * What matters here most is getting the best and most reliable sources. Generally speaking, the best sources will be recently published reviews in peer-reviewed scientific and medical journals. High-quality academic textbooks are also good, though not quite as good. I just now did my bit by adding a citation to Weiss et al. 2009.
 * There is no reason to exclude medical sources here.
 * The term "hyperacusis" is far more common among reliable sources on AIT than the term "painful hearing" is. It's used, for example, in Kozlowski et al. 2004, Accordino et al. 2007 , and Levy & Hyman 2005 , when each of these sources discuss AIT. These sources do not use the terminology "painful hearing". This article should use standard terminology when available.
 * Likewise for "treatment". Reliable sources such as Levy & Hyman say that AIT is a "treatment"; we should not censor this.
 * The text does not say "therapy", so I don't know why that word is being brought up here.
 * I am not aware of any study by Edelson on the topic that is newer than Edelson & Rimland 2001. That study is pretty dated, and anyway is not peer-reviewed; it should not be used when we have more recent and more reliable sources, which we do.
 * It would certainly be OK to mention the role of the Georgiana Institute, but we need a reliable source to do that. Self-published sources (e.g., their website or their book) are not reliable. Come to think of it, the stuff about Rimland isn't reliably sourced either, so I removed that. That all predates my edits; thanks for mentioning it.
 * "'AIT practitioners from around the world'" Sorry, I don't know what this refers to.
 * "Your attempt to have the cost of AIT included is inappropriate" That information is taken directly from the cited source, which prominently mentioned the cost as an issue.
 * "AIT costs vary greatly." I'm sure that's true, but we can't say that in the article without citing a reliable source about AIT that discusses the matter.
 * "The use of the words 'multi-million dollar industry' again favours the negative bias" I don't see why; many people see a large dollar figure as being a positive thing. Larger industries reflect popularity, etc.
 * "firstly that it is a better way would be your own opinion" It's not just my opinion; we have a reliable source that does it that way. Also, WP:LEAD says that the lead sentence should be a "concise definition".
 * "secondly it does not say what AIT is at all" Sorry, I don't follow this point. A concise definition should say what AIT is.
 * "your allegation about AIT attempting to dodge the FDA by avoiding medical terms is unnecessarily contentious" It's contentious, but it's not unnecessarily contentious. It helps to explain why it's important that the FDA action be mentioned here.
 * "There are advisements in the WP protocol against using the word 'claim' as you do since it expresses ones own opinions" I assume this comment is referring to my use of the word "claim" on the talk page. It is perfectly acceptable to express personal opinions on the talk page about what should go into the article. The goal is to avoid personal opinions in the article, not in the talk page.
 * Eubulides (talk) 09:39, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Response to Comments By Eubulides - New Major Edit It would too difficult to list the edits individually - so will say that I did a major overhaul, to overcome problems of excessive repetition of entries, and fragmentation of threads of description.
 * Continuing the edits to correct inaccuracies and errors that continue to be introduced despite correction.
 * I have placed the historical items together under 'history'
 * It doesnt make sense to mention the DAA but exclude the Earducator.
 * Adding the relevant references and authors to complete the information and
 * Balance the entry since strong negative POV remained evident.
 * Error tending to persist of making medical assertions regarding AIT.
 * Since not medical the obsession with 'reliable' references should include the ones important to AIT not limited to the ones important to medicine.

Before entering further edits Eubulides should have discussion with meJvanr (talk) 22:29, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Please see below. Eubulides (talk) 06:17, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

2009-02-17 edit
I looked at the previous comment and the 2009-02-17 edit (since reverted) and have some further thoughts: Eubulides (talk) 06:17, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The edit inserts the claim that AIT is claimed to "improve the quality of life of those with dyslexia" and cites pages 308-309 of Overcoming Dyslexia For Dummies (ISBN 0471752851). But the source merely says "therapists stress that this method also helps dyslexics", which is doesn't say anything about quality of life. Also, Overcoming Dyslexia For Dummies is a bad source, compared to the sources we're already sourcing. It is not particularly authoritative. It contains only one sentence about what AIT is; it mostly talks about costs and insurance coverage and the like. We can, and already have, done much better than that book as a source.
 * The edit inserts the claim that AIT is good for "attention problems", citing Madell 1999. However, that is a primary source that presents only "preliminary data", and it does not directly support the claim that AIT is claimed to be good for attention problems. Also, the source is dated; we should be using newer sources if available (which they are here). Furthermore, as per WP:PRIMARY, Wikipedia articles should not rely on primary sources like Madell for interpretation; it should use secondary sources (reviews, for example) for that sort of thing.
 * It inserted the NAS website as a source for the claim that AIT is claimed to be good for autism. This is just a website, but it is freely available and it's a good enough source, so I added that citation.
 * Any claims that AIT is good for dyslexia should be placed into the overall context of the mainstream opinion about the effectiveness of AIT for dyslexia. Similarly for other conditions. It does not suffice simply to say something like "AIT practitioners say AIT is good for dyslexia" without also saying, with proper weight, what the mainstream opinion of using AIT for dyslexia is. This is a Wikipedia article and as such should emphasize mainstream opinion as per WP:WEIGHT; it should not promote minority views.
 * It inserts the unsourced text "While practitioners do not make medical claims for this training" in order to undercut the discussion about effectiveness. The cited source (Sinha et al. 2006, ) does not directly support this text.
 * It inserts the unsourced text "AIT has been studied by the medical profession, who question whether it meets scientific standards".
 * It removes the well-sourced text stating that Berard promoted AIT "as a cure for depression and suicidal tendencies, along with what he said were very positive results for autism and dyslexia. AIT became popular in the early 1990s as a treatment for autism.", citing Mudford & Cullen 2005.
 * It removes the well-sourced text stating "A 2006 review found insufficient evidence to support its use for autism", citing Sinha et al.
 * It removes the well-sourced text "AIT does not meet scientific standards for efficacy and safety that would justify its inclusion as a mainstream treatment.", sourced by the Working group in AIT 2004.
 * It removes the well-sourced text "the New York State Department of Health recommends that it not be used to treat young children with autism.", citing the same source.
 * It removes the well-sourced text "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has banned the Audiokinetron, the original device used to perform AIT, from importation into the U.S. due to lack of evidence of medical benefit." citing Mudford & Cullen.
 * OK, that's it for the lead. The following changes were made to the body.
 * It removes the well-sourced text "The original device for delivering this training, the Audiokinetron or Ears Education and Retraining System (EERS), was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from importation into the U.S. due to lack of evidence of medical benefit. Several other devices are now used to deliver AIT; one example is the Digital Auditory Aerobics (DAA) system, which replaced the Audiokinetron in the U.S., and which contains 20 half-hour CDs containing the output of the Audiokinetron. Although no AIT device has been approved for marketing as a medical device by the FDA, devices used only to aid education are not subject to FDA regulation." citing Mudford & Cullen 2005 and the Working group in AIT 2004.
 * It changes "Most" to "Some" in "Most AIT practitioners are speech pathologists or audiologists". The cited source (Working Group in AIT 2004) says "the majority of practitioners are speech-language pathologists or audiologists".
 * It removed the well-sourced text "A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of AIT found insufficient evidence to support its use; no significant adverse effects were reported", citing Sinha et al.
 * Instead, it substituted claims "There are studies and reports that list improvements in areas relevant to development and progress.... Opinion is divided as to whether research has found sufficient evidence to support the use of AIT.", citing Edelson & Rimland 2001. This is a self-published web page and as per WP:RS is not reliable. We should be using reliable peer-reviewed journal articles such as Sinha et al.
 * It removed the well-sourced text "Several professional organizations state that AIT should be considered experimental: these include the American Academy of Audiology, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Educational Audiology Association. After reviewing the available research, the New York State Department of Health concluded that AIT's efficacy had not been shown, and recommended that it not be used to treat young children with autism.", supported by the Working Group in AIT 2004.
 * It introduced the unsourced text "Bérard's Auditory Integration Training in North America was first introduced in Canada by Gerard Binet in Montreal", and resurrected a bunch of text and unreliable sources that has already been discussed above, without further commentary here. It does not suffice simply to edit-war changes in: you need to discuss each controversial change.
 * Generally speaking, the changes proposed are significantly for the worse. They promote unreliable website sources, obsolete articles, self-published books, and the like, and they remove or discount peer-reviewed journal articles. This article should be based on reliable sources, not low-quality ones.
 * Rather than make wholesale changes all at once, I suggest proposing a new version of the article one paragraph at a time, on the talk page. We can then discuss it and see where that takes us. Trying to rewrite the whole article all at once is clearly not working.

Explaination of Edits 20.02.09
I made various edits to once again correct for the overly negative bias, and erroneous medical emphasis of previous edits.
 * note the changes to the placement of comments - all references to history are placed under the heading history - likewise all references to Training regimen are placed together under this heading - this was to correct for overly fragmented lines of thought.
 * returned references of value to AIT to balance the POV bias and medical sameness ... Note the FDA acknowlegement that AIT devices (DAA) now in use are out of its scope being of educational relevance, not medical.
 * Insistence on preferred citations as being superior when they are also erroneous and medically biased is inappropriate.

I will agree to working one paragraph at a time - would you look at what I've done to the header entry and comment before shredding it? Jvanr (talk) 09:44, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Let's work on the proposed edits here first. Please don't continue to install those edits against consensus. Just put a draft of the 1st paragraph here. I started by reverting that change. Now let's discuss it, one paragraph at a time. Please try to be specific in comments.
 * Looking at the first paragraph of the big change you installed, I see several problems:
 * It adds the text "attempts to train listening skills for a better perception of speech and sound in general, in children and adults" without any source. Every line of text needs a reliable source.
 * It removed the well-sourced claim that Berard promoted AIT "as a cure for depression and suicidal tendencies, along with what he said were very positive results for dyslexia and autism. AIT became popular in the early 1990s as a treatment for autism.". The source is Mudford & Cullen 2005 (in ISBN 080584192X).
 * It removed the well-sourced claim "A 2006 review found insufficient evidence to support its use for autism, and reported no significant adverse effects." citing Sinha et al. 2006.
 * It used a relatively unreliable source, Overcoming Dyslexia For Dummies, to support the claim that some people claim that AIT helps with dyslexia. There is no need to cite this source; we can use the article's existing sources for that. Similarly for the new sources added to support claims of claims of improvement for attention.
 * Eubulides (talk) 10:39, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I concur with the need to use the highest quality academic sources in this article, and in this case the review study (as well as the other reviews by professional organizations involved with the care of clients involved, often medical or medically related) should be the main sources used here. I note that Jvanr has a significant conflict of interest here, being a AIT trainer and having been involved in the development of some related hardware, per his/her talkpage.  I also note that the argument that this is not a medical topic has significant implications given the FDA involvement/interest in the past in banning one of the AIT devices on the basis that it was.  For reference purposes I will also add this 2005 Harvard University Press volume The Science and Fiction of Autism which may also prove a useful reference for some of the details here.--Slp1 (talk) 17:56, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

Comments on First Paragraph and Edits

 * We will be needing mediation since your edits continue while you request that I not make edits.

 * Your continued insistence on the sole value of the same medical-based texts is preventing satisfactor resolution.Jvanr (talk) 21:47, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * You might work towards consensus before considering mediation, Jvanr; your edits are introducing inferior sources (like the Dummies book) and prose problems as well detailed above. Sandy Georgia  (Talk) 22:41, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

For information to Sandy Georgia - an independant verifiable medical source is not needed for this statement: It is also recommended by AIT practitioners as a treatment for ADHD, ADD and various other special needs. . Feel free to reply here before removing valid sources. Stephenbrasil (talk) 14:10, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Please read WP:MEDRS, and yes, an independent source, unrelated to the subject, is needed for such a blanket statement. Please sign your entries here by adding four tildes ( ~ ) after your posts. Sandy Georgia  (Talk) 13:33, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

I think you will find that almost any AIT practitioner you contact will agree to this. Hence it is not dubious, but rather a statement of fact. "It is also recommended by AIT practitioners as a treatment for ADHD, ADD and various other special needs." . Stephenbrasil (talk) 14:13, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

Additionally, AIT is educational training. Therefore it does not require only medical input. Medical input is welcomed, but this article (and every other article should not be restrained to a single channel of input). Information from a AIT practitioners perspective on a AIT informational page is valid, especially when highlighted as such. Stephenbrasil (talk) 18:30, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

Rather weird intro
"A 2006 review found insufficient evidence to support its use for autism, and reported no significant adverse effects.[3] AIT does not meet scientific standards for efficacy and safety that would justify its inclusion as a mainstream treatment."

How comes it's not safe if there are no significant adverse effects? (That it's not efficacious is undisputed.) Xasodfuih (talk) 04:59, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * You have to prove safety, even if something has no reported adverse effects if you haven't looked for them systematically through the standard process, then you can't say that they don't exist. Tim Vickers (talk) 05:15, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * So what would be standard process for proving that listening to "specially filtered and modulated music" for half hour is safe? Any assays you can suggest? I realize this his an alt-med topic and you feel negatively about it, but I find the language over the top. I can easily find some medical text saying that "ECT is safe and efficacious" (just google that sentence), even though side effects have been reported. Can you explain how ECT is to be proven safe by your standard(s)? Actually the wiki contains this "ECT is generally accepted to be relatively safe", and links to, which looks at case reports and says, well the side-effects were acceptable. ECT and this silliness are both somatic treatments. Xasodfuih (talk) 05:49, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * But this logic veers into original research; we report what sources say. If sources say standards for efficacy and safety haven't been met, that's what Wiki reports.  Sandy Georgia  (Talk) 05:55, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize the sentence was from a source because it had no attribution. I gave it the proper subject. Xasodfuih (talk) 06:11, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Generally speaking, when two adjacent sentences are from the same source, the attribution is placed only after the 2nd sentence.
 * According to Working Group in AIT 2004 (PDF), the devices used, when operated by a trained AIT practitioner, reach 110 dB SPL, which is the OSHA maximum exposure level for adult exposure to occupational noise for 30 minutes (the length of an AIT session). OSHA-quality studies have never been done for childrens' ears, but children are assumed to be a greater risk due to their smaller ear canal volumes. These devices don't run full blast for an entire session, but still, this is a reasonable rationale for concern.
 * The "no sigificant adverse effects were reported" summary in Sinha et al. 2006 is pretty much what SandyGeorgia says: of the six RCTs that met the review's criteria, 3 did not report the recording of adverse events, and 3 recorded adverse events by gathering reports by parents after the trials; presumably this rather lackadasical attitude toward adverse effects is what caused the ASHA to say that the safety hasn't been adequately demonstrated.
 * I made this further change to try to clarify things a bit. There's no need for in-text attribution about effectiveness, as no reliable source thinks AIT is effective. The safety issue seems to have been brought up only by the ASHA, so I suppose it's OK to mention their name in the text.
 * Eubulides (talk) 07:00, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Ouch. The info about the sound level needs to go into the article. As it's currently written the wiki article makes this sound (pun intended) more/too innocuous. Xasodfuih (talk) 07:08, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * That's not all; the article doesn't mention that after parents spend thousands of dollars on AIT, if the child ever uses headphones, the alleged benefits are lost. (Imagine telling most teenagers not to use headphones to listen to their IPODs.)  Sandy Georgia  (Talk) 07:27, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Hadn't heard that one. (ouch). But yes I agree that the SPL stuff should go into the article. I'll look into that later if I can squeeze some time free (and if nobody else beats me to it). Eubulides (talk) 08:21, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

 * The prohibition of subsequent use of headphones also creates a dilemma in foreign language classrooms. And, it's hard for teens to consistently remember they can never use headphones. I'm not sure if this is discussed in reliable sources, but it's mentioned (avoid headphone use) here.  (That slide includes other references, such as:  Sound volume is high (85dB and higher), may damage hearing if improperly used (e.g., Rankovic et al., 1996). )  Sandy Georgia  (Talk) 14:30, 21 February 2009 (UTC)

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Audiology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiology Samivoelkerding (talk) 13:24, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Auditory integration training


text:
Talk:Detroit Race Riot

I found this from a Random Article selection and saw it had essentially junk content. I did some quick research and found several riots in Detroit. The article should probably be expanded into a disambiguation page to cover all known detroit riots (1940's, 1960's). However since I have no idea how many there were, I've redirected to the first wikipedia related article on detroit riots that I saw on google. Romann 03:08, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Detroit Race Riot


text:
User talk:Kasw

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 03:08, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Kasw


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User talk:Dmbnuguy

[This] 'Dmbnuguy' doesn't have the needed time to access the proper 'format' to submit this 'Greeting' to Wikipedia and company tonight. I heard about you some time ago, but I'm very new to this mode of communication and I just found this site earlier this evening (7/19/05). So, please bear with me until I can learn how to 'talk' to you all correctly after I learn more about this site. Thank you for your time and attention. Sincerely, Dmbnuguy aka'larry' ps: I grew up reading Heinlen, Asimov and Clark beginning around my 10th birthday in 1959. I've never stopped reading and watching sci-fi since then even if sporadically (?). OK, enough said for now. It'll be 'verry interestink' to see a 'response' of any kind from a 'Wiki' member to me at: larrywood@netscape.com (Next time I'll use the 'My Talk' 'page'. Who knows made I'll even be able to write something someday...)

title: User talk:Dmbnuguy


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VOCM-FM

VOCM-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 97.5 MHz from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Owned by Stingray Group, the station is branded as 97.5 K-Rock and broadcasts a classic rock format, although some 1990s and 2000s rock songs have become part of the mix.

History
Originally launched in September 1982, it was called VO Stereo and later as 97.5 VOFM and in the mid-1990s as Magic 97.

After a limited success with its easy listening format in the early 1980s as VO Stereo, a management decision was undertaken to pursue a younger audience.

The late 1980s under the direction of manager Gary Butler and music Director Pat Murphy, the station began programming a mix of new and classic rock with great success. In less than two years, the station vaulted from last place to the number one FM station in St. John's with a predominantly young male audience. Although pleased with the results, management set about to build a stronger audience that would include more female listeners.

In 1990, Celebration Saturdays was introduced to station listeners. It was a three-hour block of party-themed music sponsored by Bender's On George, a local nightclub, hosted by Mike Campbell and later Mike Thomas (Mickey T). Its success led to the creation of the Celebration Roadshow on Friday nights starting in the summer of 1996. Celebration Saturdays was the last show aired on "Magic" before the switch to 97.5 K-Rock.

K-Rock (2002–present)
By early 2002, soon after Newcap bought the VOCM stations from the Butler family, its audience had apparently dipped enough that Newcap changed the format to classic rock, a format where research indicated untapped potential. Sure enough, it soon became the top-rated FM station in the St. John's market. Unexpectedly, much of its audience came from country station CKIX-FM, also a Newcap property. It was enough that this station was promptly reformatted as well; it became a Top 40/CHR station, serving much of the audience lost after the end of "Magic". The first song ever played on "K-Rock" was "Layla", by Derek and the Dominos.

On Sundays from 8am to 1pm, The Homebrew Show hosted by Sam Whiffen plays traditional Newfoundland, Celtic and Irish music not only on this station, but on all other K-Rock stations throughout the province. Other K-Rock shows heard provincewide include K-Rock Mornings with Campbell, Candice & JLaC on weekday mornings and Saturday in Big Tom's Shed hosted by JLaC.

Rebroadcasters
The sole rebroadcaster of the station licensed as such is VOCM-FM-1 Clarenville, which broadcasts at 100.7 MHz. Three other separately-licensed Stingray stations in the province (CKXD-FM Gander, CKXG-FM Grand Falls-Windsor and CKXX-FM Corner Brook) also feature the K-Rock brand and format, and as of 2022 rebroadcast the content of VOCM-FM except that they insert local advertising.

Unusual callsign
VOCM-FM is one of two Canadian FM stations with a call sign beginning with the ITU prefix "VO". VOCM-FM and its sister station VOCM are among just four radio stations in Canada still bearing call signs beginning with "VO" (the other two being VOAR and VOWR), issued to the Dominion of Newfoundland before its confederation into Canada in 1949. VOCM-FM first went on the air in 1982, well after Newfoundland became a Canadian province. But it took the historic callsign of its sister station VOCM, which FM stations in Canada may do, by adding the "-FM" suffix.

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Talk:Enix

Untitled
I merged Enix with Enix America Corporation to create a similar format to that of Square Co., Ltd. because they are now related companies. The other article had not been edited in quite some time and needed to be wikified anyway. I've included the corporate information and any games I left out from it and integrated it into this article.

--- Link is broken: ^ a b c d Fujii, Daiji (January 2006) (pdf). Entrepreneurial choices of strategic options in Japan's RPG development. Faculty of Economics, Okayama University. http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/~dfujii/Option.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-01.

--- Don't forget Valkyrie Profile! 128.6.175.40 13:33, 16 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, it's on there. See PlayStation games - 2000. ~ Hibana 21:44, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Square Enix Webstar Network Technology
The original article states:

"In 2001, Enix and Square formed Square Enix Webstar Network Technology, a 60%-owned joint subsidiary alongside Mauritius Webstar Inc., established to promote online and mobile gaming in China."

Whoever put this in the article probably misinterpreted the PDF file. The original company was formed solely between Enix and Webstar in 2001, with no Square involvement at all. When Enix absorbed Square in Japan, its subsidiary in China of course changed its title into Square Enix Webstar Network Technology, but there was no Square involvement before the merger in 2003. --Yottamol (talk) 21:25, 27 July 2008 (UTC)
 * My mistake. ~ Hibana 00:14, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I hate to ask, but is there a reliably sourced way to tell how it's pronounced? I've been playing Final Fantasy games for years and STILL don't know whether it's "eh-nix" or "ee-nix". Tezero (talk) 20:20, 1 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. But the phonetic pronunciation of the name as indicated in Japanese would suggest eh-nix. The article claims that the name is loosely derived from the term phoenix. Although it's probably worth noting that the received English pronunciation of phoenix may not reflect how the word is actually pronounced in its parent language. 75.63.209.97 (talk) 22:10, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
 * not just "phoenix" but also ENIAC, which would seem to reinforce the "ee-nix" version as correct. I don't think ENIAC could really be subject to a different pronunciation in other languages or cultures, as it's a proper name made up specifically for it. 2601:40C:8300:8A10:FC0A:F04B:4675:63B8 (talk) 12:40, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Enix. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20070530053804/http://www.square-enix.com:80/jp/company/e/history/#top to http://www.square-enix.com/jp/company/e/history/
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20080928014908/http://www.tse.or.jp:80/english/rules/transfers/index.html to http://www.tse.or.jp/english/rules/transfers/index.html
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20050521025449/http://www.square-enix.com:80/jp/company/e/history/ to http://www.square-enix.com/jp/company/e/history/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:41, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

GA Nomination?
Would anyone mind if I nominate this for GA status? I would help guide it through the process! Judgesurreal777 (talk) 16:57, 6 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Enix


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Victor Willis

Victor Edward Willis (born July 1, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter and the founding member of the disco group Village People. He performed as their lead singer and was co-songwriter for all of their most successful singles. In the group, he performed costumed as a policeman or a naval officer.

The son of a Baptist preacher, Willis developed his singing skills in his father's church. With training in acting and dance, he went to New York and joined the prestigious Negro Ensemble Company. He appeared in many musicals and plays, including the original Broadway production of The Wiz in 1976 and subsequently, the Australian production.

Willis also had written and recorded several albums in the mid-1970s for independent labels and was eventually introduced to French disco producer Jacques Morali. Morali, who dubbed him the "young man with the big voice", approached Willis and said, "I had a dream that you sang lead vocals on my album and it went very, very big".

Village People
Willis agreed to sing lead and background vocals under the guise of Village People, an at-that-point non-existent concept group. The album Village People was released in July 1977, including the hits "San Francisco (You've Got Me)" and "In Hollywood (Everybody is a Star)", and became a huge hit in the burgeoning disco market. After an offer from Dick Clark for the group to perform on American Bandstand, Morali and Willis were pressed to develop a "real" group around Willis to perform live. They did so by placing an ad in music trade papers for "macho" singers who "could also dance" and "must have a mustache".

Willis was soon writing songs produced by and co-written with Morali for the group and other artists, which met with success. The Village People quickly rose to the top of the charts with Willis at the helm, scoring numerous major hits such as "Macho Man", "Y.M.C.A.", "In the Navy", and "Go West".

In 1980, as preparations for a Village People feature film Can't Stop the Music were under way, Willis left the group. Although he does not appear in the movie, he wrote the lyrics for two of the film's songs, "Magic Night" and "Milkshake". Can't Stop the Music is listed among Hollywood's bigger movie flops. After Willis departed, Village People never had another hit. In an attempt to "recapture the magic", Morali convinced him to return to the group in 1982 for the album Fox on the Box. The album was released a year later in the United States as In the Street. In 1983, Willis left the group again.

In 2013, Willis appeared on the TV One series Unsung in their two-hour special retrospective on the disco era. On June 28, 2016, Willis appeared as a contestant on the show To Tell the Truth, and sang "Y.M.C.A." as the credits rolled.

Solo career
After leaving Village People, Willis declined offers to record and consistently refused to perform any of his Village People hits. In 2010, he appeared at several Major League Baseball stadiums, performing "The Star-Spangled Banner" and leading the crowd for the traditional Y.M.C.A. 7th-inning stretch break.

In 1979, Willis recorded a solo album which remained unreleased for over 35 years. The album, Solo Man, was finally released in August 2015.

Return to Village People
In 2017, Willis and Henri Belolo, Morali's business partner and co-owner of the group, reached an out-of-court settlement whereby Willis resumed his role as lead singer of Village People, and they resumed recording and touring internationally. In 2018, Willis announced via social media plans for upcoming Village People projects including a new studio album, a Christmas music video, and a re-issue of the group's 1979 concert originally released as the "live" portion of the album Live & Sleazy.

Copyright terminations
In 2012, the United States District Court for the Southern District of California ruled that under the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, Willis could terminate his copyright transfers to Scorpio Music and Can't Stop Productions, because "a joint author who separately transfers his copyright interest may unilaterally terminate the grant." Willis subsequently held a 33% share of "Go West", "Y.M.C.A.", "In the Navy", and other songs written for Village People and other acts.

In 2015, a jury determined that the sole writers of 13 songs were Morali and Willis, and the name Henri Belolo was removed, giving Willis a 50% ownership of those songs.

Personal life
Willis struggled with drugs for many years after leaving Village People and had several run-ins with the law. Following an arrest in 2006, he was given probation and ordered into rehab at the Betty Ford Clinic. In 2007, following treatment, Willis made his first statement to the press in more than 25 years, saying, "The nightmare of drug abuse is being lifted from my life ... now that the haze of drugs are gone, I'm thinking and seeing clearer now than I have in years ... I'm looking forward to living the second part of my life drug-free."

From 1978 until 1982, Willis was married to Phylicia Ayers-Allen (now Phylicia Rashad), whom he met during the run of The Wiz, and who later played Clair Huxtable on The Cosby Show. He also wrote the lyrics for her album, Josephine Superstar. On November 17, 2007, Willis married a second time to his wife, Karen, who is a lawyer and an entertainment executive.

title: Victor Willis


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Talk:Victor Willis

Comment
Given his recent appenarance in the news, I'm trying to locate some more info on him... not easy though. Manning 03:11, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

How tall is he? Is he now fat/slim?

he's 5'11, 180 pounds

Hotcop2 23:33, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

Why was info on Victor living in Wales there forever, but then someone made a change to add the current location and then removed by you HotCop2. You see really obsessed about being the 2nd Hot Cop which is Ray. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Depshiit Patel (talk • contribs) 00:28, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

Victor Willis' Photograph
The copyright holder (Harlem West) and the subject (Victor Willis) have both given consent and provided this photograph for use on the Wikipedia entry. 71.183.126.11 23:32, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

The photo is no longer in dispute and CAN BE USED on this page. Hotcop2 00:55, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

AMW
Shoudn't it be noted that he was featured as a fugitive on America's Most Wanted (and caught)? The info can be found here http://www.amw.com/fugitives/brief.cfm?id=35412  TJ   Spyke   05:52, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

Considering he didn't hurt anyone, didn't fit the criteria for being featured on the program and would not have been featured on AMW if he wasn't a celebrity, I personally don't think it's a critical issue. Hotcop2 (talk) 23:06, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Karen
I've replaced the below, for a number of reasons.

On 17 November 2007, Willis wed his long-time love Karen, a lawyer and executive.

Firstly, it's uncited. The only cites I could find are intentionally vague on the identity of his wife, perhaps they wish to keep her privacy. Either way, no mention is made about the length of their relationship prior to marriage. The description of her as his 'love' is also un-encyclopaedic language. It's not up to Wikipedia to define the nature of their relationship, or speculated how Willis feels about his wife, just state the known facts; they're married. If we have a cited quote, then perhaps it could be added. But until then there's no place for this.-- Escape Orbit (Talk) 17:42, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

I'd try to explain this to you, but since you do not accept emails I'm not going to do this on a public forum. BTW, "Love" is not a P.O.V. issue; it's a description, like "woman" which sounds caveman-like. Soon, everything will be cited (one cannot attribute a book that isn't out yet, can one?) Hotcop2 (talk) 17:55, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Needs citations
Added request for improvement. Article needs references to support its not-so-neutral point of view (borders on a puff piece):

"Willis' powerful R&B vocals defined the sound of the Village People and remains one of the most recognizable voices from the disco era."

Unsupported opinion - Taken from Official Victor Willis Website at http://www.victorwillisworld.com/about_victor.htm (as much of the article is)

"Willis wrote the lyrics for all the group's major hits"

Vague: "major hits". Better to specify (probably only the four mentioned in the previous sentence).

"Before production began, Willis hastily exited the group and does not appear on screen in the film. Can't Stop The Music remains one of the biggest Hollywood movie flops of all times."

Unsupported claim

"Willis had a few well-publicized arrests because of his struggles with substance abuse."

Well-publicized, but no references given! Mentions arrests, but not convictions and sentences served.

"He had become an enigma in the eyes of millions of Village People fans and source of worldwide fascination and attention as the press continued to follow his every step—and misstep—since leaving the disco group."

I count three unsupported claims here.

"According to recent reports, the reclusive star remains the “wealthiest of all the Village People members due to lucrative royalties he still receives”...

No reference given to the "recent reports".

"He obtained a record deal for her..."

Unsupported claim

--Zahzuhzaz (talk) 12:21, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

Setting fires in a squatter house?
Was he homeless himself while he was squatting in a SF home back in 1999?  Police discovered in November that Victor Willis, who dressed up as a cop in the Village People disco music group, was squatting there and allegedly starting fires in the living room to keep warm. 97.85.173.38 (talk) 04:40, 16 February 2015 (UTC)

Gay?
There's not much about his personal life, though the section suggests he is straight. Given his role fronting Village People it should probably be mentioned that he is not gay. The word "gay" doesn't even appear. 09:53, 11 August 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Qlangley (talk • contribs)
 * Wikipedia doesn't identify people as gay/straight/bisexual/whatever unless they say so themselves. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 13:20, 11 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Victor Willis


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Superlitio

Superlitio is a Latin rock band from Cali, Colombia formed in 1997. Its members are Pedro Rovetto (bass), Pipe Bravo (Lead Voice, keyboards and guitar), Alejandro Lozano (guitar), Armando Gonzalez (drums) and Dino Leandro (Machines and Ukulele).

History
With four independent records including the multi-awarded Tripping Tropicana (produced by Tweety Gonzalez, the same behind Fito Páez and Gustavo Cerati) and their latest album Calidosound (producer by the multi Grammy winner Rafa Sardina), the band has participated and headlined a wide variety of international festivals, reaching all corners of Colombia, Latin America, Latin US and Central America.

Throughout their career Superlitio has performed with artist such as Juanes, Café Tacuba, Julieta Venegas, Control Machete, Babasónicos, Molotov, Aterciopelados and Manu Chao.

Apart from being nominated for the Latin Grammy Award (2004) as "Best New Artist", Superlitio has also achieved important awards and recognitions such as the LBE Music Awards (winner for "Best New Latin Alternative Artist"), SHOCK Awards (winner for "Best Recording of the Year", "Band of the Year", "Best Video" and "Best Alternative Band"), and Univision's "Premios Lo Nuestro" nomination for "Best Rock Album".

Superlitio has often been recognized by the local and international media as a band capable of mixing a wide range of rhythms where languages barriers are overpassed, switching from Spanish to French and English, while combining rock, hip-hop, drum n bass, jazz, funk, electronic, reggae and Latin rhythms.

Due to their musical richness Superlitio's catalogue has been highly demanded by important Colombian broadcasters who have used Superlitio's music on highly rated Colombian TV series and reality shows such as Francisco el Matematico (a TV series sold to more than 20 countries) and the Colombian version of the X Factor. In fact, in the summer of 2008, Superlitio reached #1 in several Colombian radio stations with the main theme and soundtrack of Dog Eat Dog, a critically acclaimed Colombian film.

In September 2008 after several weeks of pre-production between Los Angeles - US and Cali - Colombia, Superlitio entered the studio to record their fourth album. During the sessions, Superlitio recorded 10 new songs as well as more than 10 hours of video and plenty of digital images of the entire process. At the same time and in partnership with Casa Editorial El Tiempo (the most important media outlet in Colombia) Superlitio created six "webisodes" which were uploaded on to "vive.in" the most popular music & entertainment website in Colombia. In less than 6 weeks the website reached more than 25,000 page-views and reported over 16,000 unique users, at the time very significant figures for the digital industry in Colombia.

The band independently released its fourth album Calidosound in July 2009, having teamed up with award-winning Spanish producer Rafa Sardina who previously had worked with artists such as Stevie Wonder and Macy Gray. The year saw them headline Rock al Parque, the largest open rock festival in Latin America, while also winning the Recording of the Year award at the SHOCK Awards, the most prestigious music awards in Colombia.

Superlitio have also won plaudits for their innovative use of digital, notching up more than 40,000 downloads of their latest album preview with a Colombian newspaper, and more than 150,000 streams on the MSN portal during the launch week.

In March 2010, right after their second appearance at SXSW Festival and a short US tour with shows in NYC, Washington, and Miami, CALIDOSOUND was digitally released on a global scale through The Orchard. "Perro Come Perro" was chosen as the single of the week in iTunes Latino US and Mexico achieving over 50.000 downloads.

As of July 2010 the band was extensively touring Colombia promoting their latest single "Te Lastime", which have already reached the number one spot in several radio stations around the country supported by a viral stop-motion video.

Time line

 * Between 1997 and 1999, Superlitio released two independent albums Marciana and El Sonido Mostaza receiving great reviews from media and specialized press in Colombia.
 * In 2000 the band's music starts to appear in several playlist from independent and commercial radio stations in the United States.
 * In the summer of 2001 the band embarks on their first US tour, playing to large diverse crowds in cities such as New York and Los Angeles.
 * In 2004, after releasing the US debut Tripping Tropicana (CMG / Sony BMG) Superlitio received a Latin Grammy nomination in the Best New Artist category. The album was produced by the Argentine Tweety González (Soda Stereo, Gustavo Cerati, Illya Kuryaki, Fito Páez).
 * Rolling Stone LA's catalogs the band as one of the "Bands to Watch for 2005″. The band also appears in the cover of the 2004 People of the Year December issue along with Eminem, Michael Moore, and Julieta Venegas.
 * Other awards and nominations for Tripping Tropicana include: La Banda Elastica award for "Best New Alternative Artist" and three Shock awards (Colombia) for "Best National Group", "Best Video of the Year" and "Best Alternative Group". Superlitio was also nominated for "Best Rock Album of The Year" for Univision's Premios lo Nuestro in 2005.
 * Tripping Tropicana's first single, "Que vo’ Hacer" hit number one on several radio stations, while the video reached high rotation on major music television networks including MTVLA, MTV3S and VHUno.
 * The video for "Lo Fi", directed by Colombian director Andres Mendez rotated on MTVLA, the Virgin Megastore chain in France, Much Music and other channels in Colombia and the US.
 * The first track on Tripping Tropicana, entitled "Babylon" was released on the influential BMG US Latin compilation Latin Rock Explosion Volumen 2, along with tracks from Alejandra Guzmán, Gustavo Cerati, Jumbo, Julieta Venegas, Aterciopelados and more.
 * Superlitio was featured in several shows from the top television and radio networks in the US, including Univision, Telemundo, Mun2 and Super Estrella. The band was also interviewed and did a live worldwide performance on CNN en Espanol
 * Other press coverage has included Rolling Stone, LOFT, Newsday, Billboard, Batanga, Al Borde (cover), La Opinión, LA Daily News, Miami Herald and many more.
 * In 2005 the band performed at SXSW in 2005 alongside touring the US in March/April.
 * Tripping Tropicana is released in South America and Europe in 2005.
 * Alongside the Colombian superstar Juanes, Superlitio performs in their hometown in front of 40,000 people in 2006.
 * The band closed 2006 with a massive concert in Cali for more than 10,000 people. The show was broadcast live to an estimate of over one million viewers.
 * In October 2007, Superlitio performed in front of 80,000 people as headliner at the 10th anniversary of South America's largest rock festival "Rock al Parque"
 * In 2008 Superlitio produced and recorded the lead track for Carlos Moreno's Perro Come Perro; one of the most awaited and commented Colombian films in the past years. The song has reached number one in several Colombian radio stations.

Awards & Recognitions
Artistic Ambassadors and international representatives for the city of Cali. Honorable mention as outstanding performer in the arts and culture of the state.
 * Latin Grammy Award Nomination (2004) "Best New Artist"
 * LBE Music Awards (2004) Winner for "Best New Latin Alternative Artist"
 * SHOCK Awards (2005) Winner "Band of the Year" - Winner "Best Video" - Winner "Best Alternative Band"
 * Univision "Premio Lo Nuestro" Award Nomination (2005) "Best Rock Album"
 * Much Músic Award Nomination (2005) Best Fusion Video
 * Rolling Stone magazine (2004)Top 50 Records of the year
 * Rolling Stone magazine (2005) Band of the Year
 * SHOCK magazine (2005) 10 of Most Important band in Colombia Rock History
 * Rock al Parque headliners (2003 - 2005–2007 - 2003 - 2005–2007 - 2009) Colombia (40,000 people)
 * Recognition from the Mayor of Cali (2005)
 * Recognition from the governor of Valle del Cauca (2007)
 * Record of the year Calidosound - SHOCK Awards (2009)
 * Record of the year Calidosound, Best Fusion Band, Guitar Player of the year, Best International Band - Subterranica Awards (2010)

Members

 * Pedro Rovetto (Bass)
 * Andres Bravo (Lead Voice, Keyboards and Guitar)
 * Alejandro Lozano (Guitar)
 * Dino Leandro (Machines and Ukulele)
 * Armando Gonzalez (Drums)

Discography

 * Marciana (1997),
 * El Sonido Mostaza (1999),
 * Tripping Tropicana (2005),
 * Calidosound (2009),
 * Sesiones 10.10 (2010),
 * Sultana: Manual Psicodélico del Ritmo. Vol1. (2011),
 * Nocturna. (2014),

title: Superlitio


text:
Rosemary Mulligan

Rosemary Mulligan (July 8, 1941 – December 30, 2014) served as a Republican Party member of the Illinois House of Representatives for ten terms, representing the 55th District in the northwest suburbs of Chicago from 1993 until 2013. A moderate Republican, Mulligan was particularly known as a strong abortion rights advocate.

Background
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Mulligan went to Illinois State University and then received her associate degree in legal technology from Harper College. Mulligan's father was murdered in 1967 while picking up a shift for a friend as an insurance salesman. Her first husband was killed in a plane crash during a hunting trip in Canada, which left her as the single mother of two boys. Mulligan worked as a paralegal at a firm in the northwest suburbs before running for office.

Political career
Mulligan first ran for the Illinois House of Representatives in 1990, eventually losing the Republican primary to conservative incumbent Penny Pullen by six votes. After the first count, Mulligan was actually named the winner by 31 votes on election night. A recount was eventually ordered that left the vote tied, and so a coin toss was used to break the tie. Mulligan won the coin toss. Pullen then appealed to the Illinois Supreme Court, which ordered a count of disputed ballots that left Pullen the winner by six votes. The case, Pullen v. Mulligan, was later cited by Vice President Al Gore's legal team as precedent for counting "dimpled chads" during the 2000 Florida recount. The race gained national attention for its focus on abortion and groups on both sides of the debate contributed heavily to the candidates. Mulligan ran again in 1992 against Pullen and won.

On January 12, 2011, Rep. Mulligan was sworn in for her tenth (and ultimately final) term as state representative. During her 20-year tenure in the Illinois House, she became a leader on state budget issues (particularly human service appropriations), family issues, health care, and early childhood education.

She was recognized for her expertise in prescription drugs, problem and compulsive gambling, health insurance coverage and reforms, welfare to work and victims' rights. She served as majority chair or minority spokesman of the Illinois House Human Services Appropriations Committee for 10 years. She received numerous awards and honors and was named "One of the Top 100 Women Making a Difference" by Today's Chicago Woman.

Following redistricting, Mulligan opted to seek election in the 55th District, but failed to make the ballot after collecting below the minimum threshold required number of voter signatures. She died following a period of declining health on December 30, 2014, at the age of 73.

title: Rosemary Mulligan


text: File:DescentIntoChaoscover.jpg

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File:Soul Blazer box art.jpg

Summary
Box art for Soul Blazer (Soul Blader)

Fair use rationale
Rationale for the fair use of this image in the article Soul Blazer
 * The image has been previously published
 * This image has been used in several websites, and so use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is
 * The image is used to illustrate the game and does not detract from the game
 * The image does not limit the ability to sell the game
 * The image is of low resolution and not suitable for reproduction

title: File:Soul Blazer box art.jpg