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Talk:First Civil War

Untitled
The First Civil War is important enough to be kept in its own article. The conflicts and the activities which produced it are the most interesting part of it all.

A sampling is that in 1552 France annexed the bishoprics of Toul, Metz, and Verdun.

July 11th, 2005 at 15:09 GMT ```

I vote merge - until such time as the Wars of Religion page becomes so huge that it needs to be broken up by each individual stage of the conflict. Besides, no one uses the expression First Civil War without adding the qualifier "of the Wars of Religion in France". -- NYArtsnWords 18:39, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

I also vote merge - I don't see why this war deserves its own article, given how comparatively short it is, and in any case the title is extremely ambiguous. If this page is to be kept, the title should be changed. Terraxos 01:03, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

I've added the three U.S. pre-World War I titles to the other article. Maybe ill-advisedly. I don't see any text here that isn't already represented, in a more nuanced and historical form, at the other article. This should be a redirect, but what's to merge? Merge anything you would miss if this were a redirect.--Wetman 06:03, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Civil War


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Krylov (crater)

Krylov is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies about one crater diameter to the northwest of Cockroft, and due west of Evershed.

This crater has been worn by impact erosion, leaving the features rounded and somewhat irregular. But the perimeter of the rim can still be traced in the rugged surrounding terrain. There is a small, fresh crater laid across the eastern rim, and some old and worn depression along the southern and western inner wall. On the whole, there is little to distinguish this crater from the multitude of other impacts in this region.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Krylov.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Krylov (crater)


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Paleopathology

Paleopathology, also spelled palaeopathology, is the study of ancient diseases and injuries in organisms through the examination of fossils, mummified tissue, skeletal remains, and analysis of coprolites. Specific sources in the study of ancient human diseases may include early documents, illustrations from early books, painting and sculpture from the past. All these objects provide information on the evolution of diseases as well as how past civilizations treated conditions. Studies have historically focused on humans, although there is no evidence that humans are more prone to pathologies than any other animal.

The word paleopathology is derived from the Ancient Greek roots of palaios (παλαιός) meaning "old", pathos (πάθος) meaning "experience" or "suffering", and -logia (-λογία), "study".

Paleopathology is an interdisciplinary science, meaning it involves knowledge from many sectors including (but not limited to) "clinical pathology, human osteology, epidemiology, social anthropology, and archaeology". It is unlikely that one person can be fluent in all necessary sciences. Therefore, those trained in each are important and make up a collective study. Training in anthropology and archaeology is arguably most important, because the analysis of human remains and ancient artifacts are paramount to the discovery of early disease.

History
Historical evidence shows that deviations from good health have long been an interest to humans. Although the content that makes up this study can be traced through ancient texts, the term "paelopathology" did not have much traction until the 20th century. This time period saw an increase in case studies and "published reports on ancient diseases". Ancient texts that are thousands of years old record instances of diseases such as leprosy.

From the Renaissance to the mid-nineteenth century, there was increasing reference to ancient disease, initially within prehistoric animals although later the importance of studying the antiquity of human disease began to be emphasized. Some historians and anthropologists theorize that "Johann Friederich Esper, a German naturalist...heralds the birth of paleopathology." Although it wasn't until between the mid nineteenth century and World War I that the field of human paleopathology is generally considered to have come about. During this period, a number of pioneering physicians and anthropologists, such as Marc Armand Ruffer, G. Elliot Smith, Frederic Wood Jones, Douglas E. Derry, and Samuel George Shattock, clarified the medical nature of ancient skeletal pathologies. This work was consolidated between the world wars with methods such as radiology, histology and serology being applied more frequently, improving diagnosis and accuracy with the introduction of statistical analysis. It was at this point that paleopathology can truly be considered to have become a scientific discipline. Today, the use of biomedical technology like DNA and isotopic analysis are major developments for pathological knowledge.

After World War II paleopathology began to be viewed in a different way: as an important tool for the understanding of past populations, and it was at this stage that the discipline began to be related to epidemiology and demography.

New techniques in molecular biology also began to add new information to what was already known about ancient disease, as it became possible to retrieve DNA from samples that were centuries or millennia old.

Methods and techniques
To analyze human remains of the past, different techniques are used depending on the type of remains that are found. For example, "the approach to palaeopathological samples depends on the nature of the sample itself (e.g. bone, soft tissue or hair), its size (from minimal fragments to full bodies), the degree of preservation and, very importantly, the manipulation allowed (from intact sample ready for display to absolute access and freedom to undertake any kind of valuable destructive analysis including a full autopsy study)." Much research done by archaeologists and paleopathologists is on bones. The basic nature of bones allows them to not degrade over time like other human remains would, making osteopathology important in studying ancient disease. Human osteopathology is classified into several general groups:
 * Arthropathy
 * Infection
 * Oral pathology
 * Trauma
 * Tumor

Whilst traumatic injuries such as broken and malformed bones can be easy to spot, evidence of other conditions, for example infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis, can also be found in bones. Arthropathies, that is joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and gout, are also not uncommon. The first exhaustive reference of human paleopathology evidence in skeletal tissue was published in 1976 by Ortner & Putschar. In identifying pathologies, physical anthropologists rely heavily on good archaeological documentation regarding location, age of site and other environmental factors. These provide the foundation on which further analysis is built and are required for accurate populations studies. From there, the paleopathology researcher determines a number of key biological indicators on the specimen including age and sex. These provide a foundation for further analysis of bone material and evaluation of lesions or other anomalies identified.

Archaeologists increasingly use paleopathology as an important main tool for understanding the lives of ancient peoples. For example, cranial deformation is evident in the skulls of the Maya, where a straight line between nose and forehead may have been preferred over an angle or slope. There is also evidence for trepanation, or drilling holes in the cranium, either singly or several times in a single individual. Partially or completely healed trepanations indicate that this procedure was often survived. The 10,000 year-old human remains discovered at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, reportedly show extreme traumatic lesions to the head, neck, ribs, knees and hands, including embedded stone projectiles, and they may represent the earliest evidence of inter-group conflict between hunter-gatherers in the past.

Trauma analysis in paleopathology
Few diseases leave evidence on skeletal remains, however, osteological analysis of remains has the benefit of being able to describe and diagnose skeletal remains without the presence of soft tissue. Paleopathologies are divided into seven suggested categories for analysis:

 * Anomalies
 * Trauma repair
 * Inflammatory/Immune
 * Circulatory
 * Metabolic
 * Neuromechanical
 * Cancers

Skeletal trauma
Skeletal analysis of one of these main categories, trauma repair, is broken down further by into the types of trauma present:

 * Partial or complete break
 * Abnormal displacement or dislocation
 * Disruption of blood supply
 * Artificially induced abnormal shape or contouring

All these different types of trauma may be the result of accident, interpersonal violence, cultural practice or therapeutic treatment.

Fractures are the result of enough force being applied to bone to mechanically alter it. Tension, compression, torsion, and bending or shearing each leave its own characteristics on skeletal remains. The type, severity, number, timing and location of fractures are important for delineating between accidental and violent trauma and the data recovered from analysis reveal the meaning of that violence. Fractures present substantial problems for the skeletal areas located around the point of initial trauma and may leave accompanying secondary pathological evidence due to tissue death, deformity, and arthritis.

Types of trauma encountered during analysis might include blunt force trauma (BFT), sharp force trauma (SFT), projectile, heat, and chemical. Evidence of trauma in skeletal remains can vary depending on the type of bone affected; for example, blunt force trauma from a club will present differently than sharp force trauma inflicted by a sword.

During analysis, evidence of antemortem (before death) healing of a fracture allows it to be compared with both perimortem (around time of death) and postmortem (after death) trauma. Antemortem healing will present as a callus at the location of the fracture. As White notes, “The rate of fracture repair depends on alignment, amount of movement at the site of fracture and the health, age, diet, and blood supply of the individual.”

Violence
Differentiating skeletal trauma as the result of violence compared to that caused by accidental or other causes is achieved by integrating the skeletal analysis of mechanical injury to bone with the sociocultural context. Intertwining the biological analysis with the sociocultural factors presented by not just the individual but also the larger group context has allowed bioarchaeology to identify numerous types of violence including, as The Routledge Handbook of Paleopathology notes,“warfare, ritualized combat, hand to hand fighting, raids and ransacking, massacres, torture, executions, witchcraft, captive taking, slavery, anthropophagy, intimate partner and child abuse, scalping and human sacrifice." Without this synthesis of the biological analysis and social theory, Klaus notes that trauma studies are reduced to “simply descriptions of trauma found on bone.”

Archaeological infectious diseases
Several diseases are present in the archaeological record. Through archaeological evaluation these diseases can be identified and sometimes can explain the cause of death for certain individuals. Aside from looking at sex, age, etc. of a skeleton, a paleopathologist may analyze the condition of the bones to determine what sort of diseases the individual may have. The goal of a forensic anthropologist looking at the paleopathology of certain diseases is to determine if the disease they are researching are still present over time, with the occurrence of certain events, or if this disease still exists today and why this disease may not exist today. Diseases identifiable from changes in bone include:
 * Tuberculosis
 * Leprosy
 * Syphilis

Apart from bones, molecular biology has also been used as a tool of paleopathology over the last few decades, as DNA can be recovered from human remains that are hundreds of years old. Since techniques such as PCR are highly sensitive to contamination, meticulous laboratory set-ups and protocols such as "suicide" PCR are necessary to ensure that false positive results from other materials in the laboratory do not occur.

For example, the long-held assumption that bubonic plague was the cause of the Justinian plague and the Black Death has been strongly supported by finding Yersinia pestis DNA in mass graves, whereas another proposed cause, anthrax, was not found.

Black Death
The Black Death pandemic occurred between 1347 and 1351. It is believed that the cause of the Black Death was bubonic plague, whose symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches, and in some cases swellings from which blood and pus seeped. The Black Death originated in China and spread along trade routes and ports affecting many countries including North Africa and many European countries such as Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Hungary. It is estimated that the Black Death killed up to 200 million people.

In 2013 an excavation at Thornton Abbey in North Lincolnshire uncovered a mass grave of 48 people, including 27 children. Radiocarbon dating and artifacts found in the mass grave showed that the bodies were from the time of the Black Death. The wide range of ages of the remains, from one to 45 years, led archaeologists to infer that something devastating most likely caused their deaths. Typically, mass graves contain remains from either the very young or the very old; this was not the case here. Because all ages were being buried here, archaeologists inferred that, although Thornton Abbey was adjacent to a small town, it was consumed by the plague to the extent in which a mass grave was needed. Until this discovery, mass graves were very rare because small towns seemed to bury their dead in usual ways. It is believed that mass burials were used in Europe during this time because of the overwhelming number of deaths caused by the Black Plague.

Teeth samples from the remains revealed the presence of plague bacteria. These samples showed the presence of Y. pestis DNA, the bacterial cause of the plague. "Molecular identification by 'suicide PCR' of Yersinia pestis in the pulp tissue of teeth" and other forms of analysis on ancient DNA has become progressively more common with modern advancements.

Tuberculosis
Some diseases are difficult to evaluate in the archaeology, however, tuberculosis can be found and dates as far back as the Neolithic period. Tuberculosis is presumed to have been transmitted from domesticated cattle to humans through ingestion of contaminated meats and the drinking of contaminated milk. It is also possible to contract tuberculosis through contact with infected persons. When an infected person coughs, they eject infected mucus from their body which can possibly infect those close by. There are several types of tuberculosis: the kind that affects cold-blooded animals, the kind that affects birds, and the bovine type that causes disease in humans. Because bovine tuberculosis is often found in children, it may be that the disease is spread through the consumption of contaminated milk.

Tuberculosis manifests itself in the archaeological record through DNA extraction from the skeletal remains of people. Tuberculosis rarely manifests itself in the skeleton of individuals and when it does, it is usually only in advanced stages of the disease. The tuberculosis bacteria stays in the growth centers and spongy areas of the bone. Tuberculosis can lie dormant for long periods of time; because of the long period of development in the body, tuberculosis damages the body and then the body has time to repair itself. The evidence of the disease in bones can be seen in the destruction and healing of the bone structures especially in joints. Tuberculosis therefore appears in the archaeology record in the knee and hip joints and also the spine.

It was thought that there was no tuberculosis infection in North America before the arrival of Europeans, but recent findings from the 80s and 90s have overturned that idea. Through extraction of DNA within the bone tuberculosis was not only found, but also dated to have been present in the Americas since 800 BC. Tuberculosis is a disease that thrives in dense populations; the implication of finding tuberculosis in pre-Columbian society is that there was a large thriving community at the time. The earliest evidence of tuberculosis has been found in Italy dating to the 4th millennium BC. Evidence of tuberculosis has also been found in mummies from ancient Egypt dating to the same period. There is however, a lack of medical texts from ancient European and Mediterranean regions describing diseases that are identifiable as tuberculosis but the bones show that there was a disease of this type.

Syphilis
Syphilis is a disease classified in a category of treponemal disease. This group includes diseases like pinta, yaws, endemic syphilis and venereal syphilis. These diseases have symptoms that include inflammatory changes in tissues throughout the body. Initially the infected person may notice an area of inflammation at the site where the bacteria entered the body. Then the individual can expect more widespread soft tissue changes and lastly the diseases start to affect the bones. However, Only 10-20 percent of people infected with venereal syphilis show bone changes. Venereal syphilis has more severe symptoms than the other types of treponemal disease. Nervous system and circulatory disruption are unique to venereal syphilis and are not seen in yaws, endemic syphilis or pinta.

Bone changes can be seen in the archaeological record through lesions on the surface on the bone. In venereal syphilis the bone change is characterized by damage to the knees and joints. The damaged joints could be the source of infection or they could be damaged because of disruption in the nervous systems and ability to feel. In the beginning stages of the disease, the bone forms small lesions on the skull and tibiae. These lesions are caused mostly by inflammation of the marrow. In the final stages of the disease the bones start to be destroyed. Lesions that are formed tend to look similar to "worm holes" in the bone and are seen in the skull as well as large bones in the body. Most of the bone that is destroyed is due to secondary infections.

Syphilis has been seen in the Americas and Europe alike but there is debate as to what the origin of the disease is. Columbus and his sailors were said to have brought it to the Americas, however, Europeans blame Columbus for bringing the disease to Europe. There has not been any evidence of bone lesions associated with the disease that Columbus and the Europeans describe. The debate on the origins of venereal syphilis has been the subject of scientific discussions for hundreds of years and has recently been discussed and debated. At the first International Congress on the Evolution and Paleoepidemiology the subject was examined and debated by scholars from all over the world. There was no conclusive decision made as to the origin of venereal syphilis.

title: Paleopathology


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Phil Valentine

Philip Carr Valentine (September 9, 1959 – August 21, 2021) was an American conservative talk radio host, author and actor. He broadcast daily on WWTN, a Cumulus Media station in Nashville, Tennessee, and hosted The Phil Valentine Show, syndicated nationally through the Westwood One radio network. He was an opponent of a proposed state income tax in Tennessee and denied climate change.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Valentine opposed mask mandates and argued against vaccinations against COVID-19. He died from complications of COVID-19 on August 21, 2021.

Early life and education
Valentine was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, to Betsy Carr and six-term Democratic U.S. Representative Tim Valentine. He was raised in Nashville, North Carolina. Valentine scored high on IQ tests but received poor grades in school. He blamed his trouble concentrating in school on an attention deficit disorder. At 13, Valentine fronted a band called The Nashville Five. His father provided opportunities for gigs at Democratic Party events. Valentine graduated from Northern Nash High School.

He attended East Carolina University to study business, then transferred to the Connecticut School of Broadcasting after a friend encouraged Valentine go into radio because of his deep voice.

Radio career
Valentine began his radio career at small-market radio stations in North Carolina after graduating from broadcasting school. After the death of his mother when he was 21, Valentine moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he sold health club memberships and worked part-time as a disc jockey.

After three years in Nashville, Valentine hosted a morning drive show for WLAC-FM and a talk radio show on weekends in 1991. In June 1995, Valentine started The Phil Valentine Show, a talk-radio show on Nashville radio station WWTN while performing in television commercials. Valentine moved to WWDB in Philadelphia where he hosted a morning show. When WWDB was sold in 1998, Valentine worked in New York City at WABC. In April 1998, Valentine resurrected The Phil Valentine Show in Nashville during morning drive-time at WLAC (AM). After five years, Valentine left WLAC to write a book.

On July 8, 2004, Valentine returned to talk radio at WWTN. From 2007 to 2019, the nationally syndicated The Phil Valentine Show aired on 100 stations. Valentine ranked No. 47 on the 2021 Heavy Hundred, a list of the top 100 radio talk-show hosts as determined by Talkers, a talk-media trade magazine. He was voted Best Conservative in a 2018 Nashville Scene readers' poll. In 2019, Valentine returned to broadcasting at WWTN, where he worked until his death.

Other media
Valentine authored three nonfiction books, The Conservative's Handbook: Defining the Right Position on Issues from A to Z , Right from the Heart: The ABC's of Reality in America, and Tax Revolt: The Rebellion Against an Overbearing, Bloated, Arrogant, and Abusive Government. He wrote three novels, The Godplayers, The First Face of Janus, and Barbican.

On January 26, 2012, Valentine wrote, produced and starred in the documentary An Inconsistent Truth as a response to the Al Gore movie An Inconvenient Truth. During the two weeks after it opened at a single Nashville movie theater, it was the country's top-grossing film on a per-screen basis. In 2012, Valentine won the Excellence in Filmmaking award at the libertarian Anthem Film Festival and Best Documentary at the Nevada Film Festival in Las Vegas.

Valentine appeared in the 2014 movie Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt?. He performed in an episode of ABC's Threat Matrix television drama and the 2015 movie The Secret Handshake. Valentine's screenplay "Derek Dickens & The Dream" won first place in the 2015 Colorado Film Festival and was a finalist in screenwriting contests at the Beverly Hills Film Festival and Atlanta Film Festival.

State income tax
In 2001, Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist proposed a state income tax to overcome a budget shortfall. Tennessee lawmakers were at an impasse when Republican state senator Marsha Blackburn tipped off Valentine that a vote on the measure was imminent. Valentine opposed a state income tax and urged his listeners to swarm the Tennessee state capitol to voice their opposition. More than 2,000 people stormed the capitol and broke windows in what became known as the Tennessee Tax Revolt. Valentine said Sundquist committed political adultery after promising in his 1994 gubernatorial campaign to veto any state income tax. The measure failed in the legislature and Valentine emerged as a hero among conservatives in Tennessee.

COVID-19
Valentine, who blamed Chinese Communism for its failure to contain the pandemic was a skeptic of wearing masks to prevent COVID-19 and suggested that only those with underlying health conditions should be vaccinated against the illness. He performed a parody song, "Vaxman", in the style of the 1966 Beatles song "Taxman", altering the lyrics to parody vaccination efforts. He compared vaccination status badges worn by medical workers with the yellow badges German Jews were ordered to wear by the Nazis. Valentine predicted his chance of dying from COVID-19 was less than one percent.

After growing sicker with COVID-19, Valentine's brother, Mark, said Valentine expressed regret that he had not been vaccinated and that his criticism of the COVID-19 vaccine had caused some listeners of his radio program to choose not to be vaccinated.

Personal life, illness and death
Valentine had three sons with his wife, Susan. He co-hosted PodGOATs, a nonpolitical podcast, with his son, Campbell.

On July 11, 2021, Valentine announced he had COVID-19. To battle the illness, Valentine took Vitamin D and the anti-parasite drug ivermectin, despite warnings by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration against using the medication for a COVID-19 remedy. As Valentine's health deteriorated, Valentine's brother, Mark, said Valentine regretted not being vaccinated against the illness and that his criticism of the COVID-19 vaccination had caused some listeners of his radio program to not be vaccinated. Valentine was placed on mechanical ventilation on July 28, 2021. Mark Valentine announced on July 30, 2021, that Valentine required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which acts as an artificial lung and heart for the body. Valentine died of complications of COVID-19 on August 21, 2021.

title: Phil Valentine


text: User talk:71.107.19.183

title: User talk:71.107.19.183


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Talk:Noob Saibot

This sentence needs help
This sentence makes no sense from a grammer standpoint. It's like someone took a bunch of completely different sentences, cut them each in half and then tried to combine them all into one sentence. "Bi-Han's downfall from being a human original Sub-Zero into a special revenant Noob Saibot is soon being mentioned by his younger brother, the current Sub-Zero and Scorpion Mortal Kombat X." --Anthony (talk) 04:28, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

Noob Saibot's Appearance is incorrect
Noob saibot did not first appear in MK4 but in the Mortal Kombat Trilogy.
 * Erm, it doesn't say that anywhere in the article. Besides, his first appearance was MKII.Virogtheconq 17:45, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Merged with Elder Sub-Zero's information
As the viewer can see, this article has been updated with all information pertaining to his life as Sub-Zero. This has been done in an effort to reduce the size of the main Sub-Zero article, as well to compile all relevent data about the character into one article, as it should be. Shadaloo 08:13, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Just a suggestion, but perhaps in the infobox we could separate some of the sections (I was thinking Appearances and Portrayers) into Sub-Zero and Noob subsections, since it's not clearly marked elsewhere which appeared in what game/production. Virogtheconq 21:02, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

I've been a mortal kombat fan a long time. When and where did he become noob saibot? Was this the cartoon series? perhaps a later video game series? For what I knew, sub-zero was just subzero, and noob-saibot was just noob saibot. There was no name carry-over or some other thing like that. I grew up during the mortal kombat 1, 2, 3, and cartoon age. So, I'm assuming this was in the new games? I don't get what's going on in this article. - User: Cyberman
 * It was part of the storyline to MK: Deception. I'll take a look at the article and see if it can't be made a little more clear from the outset. Virogtheconq 16:29, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally, I can see why Wikipedia does not condone the in-universe format. Unless you're a big Mortal Kombat fan who follows each new installment religiously, there's no way of knowing how hell did the Old Sub-Zero became Noob Saibot. In the real world, the character was Noob Saibot first and then revealed to be the Old Sub-Zero second, not the other way around. The Sub-Zero should cover both Sub-Zeros, not just the current one. Jonny2x4 02:03, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

The older Sub-Zero died and became Noob Saibot, since they are technically the same person they are both listed in the article, and thats how it should be BassxForte 06:37, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Also note that the fact that the older Sub-Zero and Noob Saibot are the same person explains quite a few things, No.1, why Noob wasn't present in Mytholgies, Noob wasn't actually created since he was srill Sub-Zero, No.2, the presence of the Freeze and Shatter fatality in MK4, there's prob a few others i'm not mwntioning here as well. BassxForte 20:31, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * No. You're wrong. Noob Saibot was a character introduced in Mortal Kombat II who was revealed to be original Sub Zero in Mortal Kombat Deception. THAT's the perspective the article should take. A real world one, not an in-universe. Jonny2x4 21:47, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Agreed with Jonny2x4. The most well-known character in the real world is the original Sub-Zero. Noob Saibot was a hidden character whose identity they decided to merge with Sub-Zero later on. The page should be titled Sub-Zero and written from a non-revisionist perspective. Tajmahall (talk) 09:23, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Nope. Information on both Sub-Zero characters should be on Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat). It should be explained that the "character who appears in Mortal Kombat II and onward is the younger brother of the Sub-Zero from the first game." Jonny2x4 (talk) 14:48, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

MK4/Gold Noob Saibot
While browsing some MK4 codes, I came across a guide that said that one of Noob Saibots fatalities was Deep Freeze. No button combonation was given, and therefore I am skeptical. Have you ever seen this happen or done the fatality because if you have, it should be noted in this page. This is because that would have been a hint he was the original Sub Zero way earlier than everybody thinks. --DragonMaster 02:29, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure that fatality is complete b.s. --Buzda

-->Lol. Yeah, most likely. However, if it did exist, then it was very well hidden. --DragonMaster 02:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Actually, you can do it by entering the Fatality 1 (or Fatality 2, for a differeent one) in the hidden menu.

I use the PC version and Noob uses Reiko's fatalities(at leasst in my copy of the game). But I have sen the Deep Freeze fatality with Noob Saibot on YouTube. I don't have the link, though. Dmr2hn1 17:40 07.05.2007

3rd Style
How do you use his Ninja Stars in Deception

Either through a special move or in his finishing moves. Shuriken is not a fighting style in Deception. The S 02:21, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Sub-Zero's name
Ed Boon himself has confirmed the name of both Sub-Zero's to be Tsui, and Yong Park. The novel was compiled of ideas from Ed Boon himself, and even though the name Tsui Yong Park appear to be the name of Scorpion and his son in the novel, that was the intended name of the two Sub-Zero's. This will be one of the unlockable features in Mortal Kombat: Armageddon's version of the Krypt where Ed Boon will place the real names of the two brothers. Will be contacting someone to send actual proof of this and it will come from the "man" and be posted here ASAP.

 * Wikipedia is a compendium of what IS, not what will be. And I ask for proof of this alleged statement. Date, time, and location. The MK canon goes by what is stated in the games, and there has been no mention of that name in any of them so far. Shadaloo 16:23, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Very well. I look forward to seeing official information from an official source. In the possible eventuality of fraudulent E-mail accounts, I will verify with Midway offices. Shadaloo 16:30, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

That is fine.

 * No, Mortal Kombat Armageddon Krypt does NOT have such an information. Dmr2hn1 17:42 07.05.2007

Problems With Site
Neither one of you can be conisdered 100% correct. How does Shadaloo know that Noob Saibot doesn't have a real name? I am sure he does but no one knows it yet. And how does the other person know that his name could be Tsui Park? The problem with Wikipedia is that anyone can contribute any info they may know, and a lot of the times and possibly in this case, the information given is not 100% correct. I don't believe either one of you on this subject at all. There is a much better site to get info on MK characters. Thank You.

Ok. And as soon as you tell us what that site is, I'll be sure to go there. And I never said he did not have a real name. My statement is that his name has not yet been officially revealed in a game, and until it is, it is unknown. That's a fact. Shadaloo 06:51, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Fightin styles
What are the sources of Noob Saibot's fighting styles? --Mista-X 20:48, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Umm... the games themselves. Where else would they come from? The S 01:55, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Possibly the manuals, or some other documentation or official statement / source from Midway? --Mista-X 08:27, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Years
Why does it say that MK1 is set in 1991? The years the games come out aren't the years the games are based. That would mean that Deception is two years after Deadly Alliance. - The 4th Snake

 * Only the first game was set in the same time. The second game was almost immediately after that.  Then some time later was the third series, blah, blah, blah...  So, in other words, just because MK1 was set in 1991, it doesn't mean that all games were set in the years they were released.  - Saturn  Yoshi  THE VOICES 01:32, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, MKD can be two years after the beginning of MKDA. At least, there is a palace constructed, a lot of warriors slain for their souls to be placed in the soldiers, etc. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dmr2hn1 (talk • contribs) 14:46, 7 May 2007 (UTC).

Alignment
I'm curious, why does his bio state that he is evil, he's not, he's neutral. This is obvious because of the fact that he not only fought for evil men, he also betrayed them for his own benefit, that fits a description of a neutral personality in my opinion. If being a good guy brought Noob power, he'd be a good guy, cause that's what he does, he seeks power, and will do anything to get it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.115.11.147 (talk • contribs)

 * Ashrah's trading card says "...she must slay powerful evil such as Noob Saibot..." . Also, the official MK:D website mentions that the Noob-Smoke team are evil . A trading card wasn't made for Noob, but Smoke's card says that he is good . So, you'd figure that one of them would have to be evil. RobWill80 01:11, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, Mortal Kombat: Tournament Edition states quite clearly, specifically, and bluntly that his alignment evil. I can't directly link to it, but you can copy+paste this link for verification if you want to check: http://db.gamefaqs.com/portable/gbadvance/file/mortal_kombat_tournament_edition_a.txt MarphyBlack 01:41, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

I see where you guys are coming from, it's true, Noob Saibot is evil, but so is Scorpion, Scorpion was just in a position where siding with the good guys benefited more. They both have the same taint on their souls if I'm not mistaken. It's a sircumstancial thing really, his alignment is fine as it is now, but don't deny the possibility of him shifting alignment if Raiden or Lui Kang could offer him enough power that he could use to gain control of all of the realms.

He was neutral as Sub-Zero, he's evil know, although the text after the battle with Noob Saibot in Armageddon's konquest mode implies that he could possibly turn away from evil. BassxForte 01:38, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Name
Please people, his name is "Noob" not "N00b", someone went through the entire friggen' article and changed all "noob"s to "n00b"s, i've changed most of them, his first name was meant to be "Boon" spelled backwords, the fact it is the same as internet term was coincidential, as I said i've changed most of the names back to the correct version, if any more are there plese change them for me. BassxForte 21:03, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. :) RobWill80 21:26, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I just realized, I could have just used the "history" button on the top of this page to take care of this entire problem with a click... *shrugs* ah well. I also notice that person changed all "Neatherrealm"s to "N00brealm"s. BassxForte 03:24, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

I went through the pages history section, the one who did it is IP address 68.120.85.176 who has constantly vandilized pages, although the IP address may have changed, so I can't know if that was the real vandal *sigh*. BassxForte 03:27, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

With the installment of the newest game coming out next year, the official MK website mk5.org had posted a link to the official Mortal Kombat (2011) game page which is updated every now and then with sneak peeks of the game by developers. On November 11th, 2010 a new video was posted on the official MK webpage of the two Sub-Zero's and their backstory. Within this video and in the description their real names are finally revealed. The elder Sub-Zero is Bi-Han, and the younger Sub-Zero is Kuai Liang. I have updated both pages with this same information. Here is the link to that video: http://www.mortalkombatonline.com/content/News/read.cds?article=1292Charles-Joseph (talk) 01:06, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Cool, thanks for the update. I'm not sure we can use mk5.org but it doesn't seem to hurt. Sincerely Subzerosmokerain (talk) 01:22, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

He is not Sub-Zero
Sub-Zero and Noob Saibot are seperate charecters in MK2 and MK 3 ultimate.Where are the sources for them being the same person? Even in trilogy they are 2 seperate charecters.-Vmrgrsergr 04:19, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

 * See Mortal Kombat: Deception, Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks, and Mortal Kombat: Armageddon. MarphyBlack 05:11, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Let's not forget that the Sub-Zero in all MK games besides MK1 and Mythologies is Noob's younger brother, also note that the extra Sub-Zero in MKT and UMK3 is non-canon. BassxForte 22:09, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

In the official Prima Games Guide it states that the ninja Sub-Zero in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 is in fact Noob Saibot. He is there to act as a non cannon storyline charcter. If you think about it rationally it makes sense that they could be there at the same time. Johnny Cage's body returned from the dead due to the merger blocking his way into the afterlife. Cage died as a human with his human sould still attached to his body, so he came back as one entity. When the merger prevented this, it could be possible that it also reaniamated Sub-Zero's dead body which would allow him to compete against Noob in the third game. But the ninja Sub-Zero in the third game is in fact Noob Saibot. Below is the actual quote from Prima's Mortal Kombat Armageddon guide off of page 93. "The original Sub-Zero is back, but his motives for being in Ultimate MK3 are unknown. Classic Sub-Zero is a hidden character; thus his place in this game is not related to the story.  In reality, Classic Sub-Zero is Noob Saibot." --Charles-Joseph 03:12, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

As mentioned a ways up, what's important is the real-world perspective, not the in-universe one. The article should be titled Sub-Zero, as that's the most well-recognized name, and discuss how successive revisions to the MK story changed his back story. Tajmahall (talk) 09:29, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NoobSaibotMK.JPG
Image:NoobSaibotMK.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 00:38, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Remove some Sub-Zero information
Some of the Sub-Zero info should be removed. Once it's established that Noob is the former Sub-Zero, that should be enough. No need to have Sub-Zero's move list in another character's page. Sub-Zero has his own page, this one should focus on Noob Saibot. 66.167.147.212 09:35, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Trivia
I know that if you freeze noob saibot in mortal kombat II, the frozen graphic is of kano! I just thought that was interesting...

Please sign your posts and... since I don't own MKII i'll need a screenshot, give me a screenshot and i'll add it in the article. BassxForte 05:02, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

About the first movie
Also MK the movie is based sorly on MK2's bios on what happened in the first tournament. This then is in-game bios, from the in-game bios it's accurate which doesn't say too much. Also the three earth worriors are sure to live, so them as there is no other real outworld worriers, they must become outworlders a bit by being under Tsung's command, it's earth vs outworld even in the fake second tournament. Also Scorpion is killed off first before sub is also anyways. Actually MK1 is in reallity 70-90% correct to bios of 1+2. Even though this is for older sub noob i'll post it else where the accuracies in the movie.

Here are the accuracies

-Kang wins -All 3 survive -All the bios (in game basics) -Katana’s bio shows no time where it happens or who she talks, also it look to already happened (looks past tense), also not an actual kombatant in the movie, seems more she requested (she fights no one else), also this does not mean she starts the whole rebelian and actual aiding of many warriors like in MK2 which would safely follow in the true second film(meaning if where not MK:An) -There is enough gore, violence for the bios (in MK2 done accurate there would be more then this) -More then the seven on roster of MK1 -The new Raiden as earth protector would make sure he couldn’t interfere (On MK2 it’s not to do with the elder’s official dual so it could be urged even by them to help in that fake tournament to stop Kahn)

The small differences or add ons (no true inaccuracies in story from the in game bios) -None of the areas when fighting -Changes to the spear to add to scorpion, also by opening it’s mouth could grab without killing like game -Some of MK2's looks are intertwined with MK1's (ex: Tsung’s youth plus long hair)

Some inaccuracies -Kano as if never fights, was captured and never made to lure Sonya, comes thinking Tsung’s palace was made of gold -Sonya never fights him and kills him in 3 off a roof (not to say it’s undoable again as is different) and also fights to protect unit’s freedom, in the movie she is later though but to fight Tsung, this is Tsung’s plan to ensure the last victory, to fight a weaker opponent -Reptile which could been fixed by merely adding his gowns in the building, Liu grabs him and flings him into the building he keeps his suite at and bust’s out of the rubble as Reptile (as a bodyguard he would listen to Tsung’s commands also, his watching over her is little) -Scorpion kills Sub-zero, though it looks like before and outside of tournament by sounds (follows Sub-zero to tournament and assassinates him)

Combining, though I said there aren’t any it’s they don’t look similar enough to be MK2 -Sonya tied, this isn’t like MK2 where she is tied to look while earth warriors die, she is merely tied from escaping, the whole Tsung plot is based on the fact on MK1 she was captured first, also she may be recaptured again by the squads led by Baraka and would then be as if never came back from the tournament from Jax’s eyes -The MK2 area, that symbol can be used as a design and the actual sky palace in outworld could make an appearance, other areas later use it

Final review Kang: 100% accurate (good) Cage: 100% accurate (good) Sonya: 65% accurate (the changes leave no feeling as the movie version is not too radically different) Scorpion: 60% (deadliest of enemies is all that’s needed, they at least added a new reason, also if he doesn’t kill Sub-Zero it does not conclude the movie versions are not supreme enemies) Sub-zero 80% accurate (it should been as was, scorpion would actually hold a title as good guy in the tournament in terms of earth and sub-zero outworld as in story, earth vs outworld is the setup) Raiden: 100% accurate (remember he was not earth protector as well in the MK1 game, added on MK2, as with Kahn due to arrangements they both cannot interfere or go into each other’s realms, though Raiden can on MK2 due to it being a fake tournament not to do with the elder’s intentions) Kano 65% accurate (if where 100% might not have fought at all as unlike Sonya no mention of him fighting is present, also like Sonya it’s little different as is waiting to get paid a lot of money for the luring, so it is similar)

So basically see it from MK2's eyes as MK2 revised the strory from being a simple SF tournament. Also by looking at it Sub-zero would been the only outworlder by the cast of 1, and yes it is outworld vs earth.

Also Paul DID NOT MAKE the movie as he only directed it, a director is not a maker of the film, only writter, the true maker. A director has only one more thing to do then the Producer with script. This is to insure it's brought to film as best as possible. The credits show a lie on all movies, we'll blaim or praise a director for many things in the film, but the writter makes it all, the director only makes little inserts like a contest winner to add something to a film, but mostly he chooses the cam angles/other and oversee's how well it's acted.

I said the last because many un-eduacated people still beleive the director does much anything to film or that this truely is a Paul Anderson film, only thing that's correct about A "director's" film is that he baught the script. He never wrote or "made" this and never realy made that bad of films till he started to make films for real. W.S. in his new credits also warn of "Wrote. Script." This is not Anderson's film it IS Ed's mostly. On that I don't like there new desision to make a new film now as this ones good as well as accruate, also they are merely going to make some visual changes or they might even be as stupid as Doom and skipp all but 3 and change it up even more. This new dicision is mostly probly made out of that Anderson is it's maker. But this movie is fair enough. even all the humor is based off the small humor in MK1+2, not like on the other's like Double Dragon were the production it self is a joke because the changes.

Basically it's in the comic world close to Sin City and alittle bit BatMan in the 80's (on a note both have small inaccuracies but BM:B has many more with only Joker fixed, and in the 80's movie this was only changed to add to him being the main villin in BatMan anyways). It's NOT going anywhere in the direction as MK:A (movie) with skipping MK2's fake tournament and being only 20-30% accurate and bloodless and PowerRanger esque. MK1 is only bloodless because the certain people have to live and die, next if MK2 was made accuratly thered be based of bios and stories more blood(also MK blood is unrealistic as it sprays out from cloths, explosions means many more bones then needed and a black guy will turn white(Jax exploding), this stays more to actual amount of blood for that fight).

BTW one thing, if anyone read the manuals as I have but lost it tell me if it's in there that scorpion killed him in the booklet, if not it's was added later anyways, if is it's only one of the small changes not too big enough.BobtheVila —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 13:28, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Blood
Maybe someone should add something about noob's black blood in Deception? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Joelarthurrox (talk • contribs) 10:10, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Forgot the capital N!! Just letting you know. -Mkrox —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mkrox (talk • contribs) 23:09, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:NOOB-SAIBOT MKD-.jpg
Image:NOOB-SAIBOT MKD-.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:36, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Sub-Zero Bio1.jpg
Image:Sub-Zero Bio1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:39, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

non-existent dialogue
I have never heard Saibot say "you will die mortal," and I lost to him a fail deal. Also, it claims that Shao Khan will say "Its official; you suck." But thats not heard either, instead using the phrase "You Suck" without any other words. Can anyone confirm that the lines stated in the article are actually what was said? The phrase is akward and wouldve created a very long death scene, as well as completely negating any of the character's personality. "its official" seems massively out of place, and i cant recall him ever using that half of the line. 74.128.56.194 (talk) 19:39, 6 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I can't confirm it with a reliable source (but rather through gameplay) but I don't think you can deconfirm it... It is possible to deconfirm something right? Sincerely Subzerosmokerain (talk) 22:50, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

Announcement of MK9
Putting links here: http://playstationlifestyle.net/2011/02/17/mortal-kombat-noob-saibot-reveal-trailer-is-devastatingly-awesome/ http://www.product-reviews.net/2011/02/18/mortal-kombat-9-combos-liu-kang-and-noob-saibot-videos/ http://mmomfg.com/2011/02/16/noob-saibot-combo-trailer-0216/ http://www.godisageek.com/2011/02/mortal-kombat-noob-saibot-gameplay-trailer/ http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/noob-saibot-returns-to-mortal-kombat/ http://www.lazygamer.net/noob-saibot-joins-the-mortal-kombat-roster/ http://www.techday.co.nz/gameconsole/news/noob-saibot-confirmed-for-mortal-kombat/19317/2/ http://gamerfront.net/2011/02/mortal-kombats-new-challenger-is-total-n00b-status/6214 http://www.gametactics.com/2011/02/mortal-kombat-noob-saibot-video/ http://www.neoseeker.com/news/15826-mortal-kombat-trailer-shows-off-noob-saibots-moves/ http://www.xbox360digest.com/2011/02/16/noob-saibot-returns-to-the-mortal-kombat-tournament/ http://www.kotaku.com.au/2011/02/mortal-kombats-newest-kombatant-will-make-you-puke/ http://www.thesixthaxis.com/2011/02/17/brutal-mortal-kombat-noob-saibot-trailer/ http://www.craveonline.com/gaming/article/new-mk-video-reveals-noob-saibot-123949 http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Mortal-Kombat-Liu-Kang-Noob-Saibot-Body-Breaking-Combo-Trailers-30154.html Insane amount of articles shouldn't be wasted so i've weeded out the unecessary ones and narrowed it down to these few. Hopefully we can get some things from this. Sincerely Subzerosmokerain (talk) 23:56, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

"One of the cheapest Mortal Kombat characters"
"Cheap" is obscure slang; can we rephrase this to help general readers? Equinox (talk) 16:57, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

 * How about "overpowered"?Tintor2 (talk) 18:42, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

 * That sounds good. I'll change it. Equinox (talk) 21:26, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Noob Saibot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fossil fuel for reciprocating piston engines equipped with spark plugs

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Fossil fuel for reciprocating piston engines equipped with spark plugs
Almost a Speedy Delete for being patent nonsense. As far as I can tell, this is a made up term and the page appears to have been created as part of an edit war, by an editor who wants to move gasoline to petrol. Solipsist 15:11, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete It's not nonsense. It's just not terribly accurate. No one that I have have ever heard uses this term, and Google gives it zero hits. -Harmil 15:21, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. Dcarrano 15:26, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - this was disruption to make a point as part of the Gasoline/Petrol naming dispute. - Omegatron 15:46, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. During the Gasoline/Petrol wars, the article was moved repeatedly, to increasingly silly names. When the war was added to WP:LAME, it included a redlink to Fossil fuel for reciprocating piston engines equipped with spark plugs.  Just for the heck of it, I created that title as a redirect to the title of the article at the time (I think it was Gasoline (Petrol) or somesuch).  When the edit war was ended, that redirect was deleted along with all the others left over from the move wars, leaving a redlink from WP:LAME.  User:Ezra Wax then re-created the article as a stub. --Carnildo 17:56, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Gasoline. I mean Petrol.  Oh never mind.  :) Looks like somebody already got rid of that redlink (well done) so delete this nonsense. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 23:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, restore and delete again, purely for good measure. I'm only kidding, of course, but this one really should have been speedily deleted.  It is patent nonsense.  —Lifeisunfair 01:34, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy. I've got to admit the horrible truth: I suggested the use of this phrase on WP:LAME. Obviously, I never intended its actual creation. Perhaps BJAODN, definitely delete. Nickptar 23:19, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Subdivisions of Gyeongju

The primary subdivisions of Gyeongju in South Korea consist of 4 eup, 8 myeon, and 11 dong. These units are the same into which all of the cities and counties of South Korea are divided. The dong units occupy the area of the city center, which was formerly occupied by Gyeongju-eup. Eup refers to a substantial village, whereas the myeon are more rural. The current divisions are as follows, using the numbers given on the map:

Eup
Angang-eup (No.4) is the second-largest subdivision of Gyeongju City. Its 139 square kilometers are home to about 35,700 people. Situated next to Gangdong-myeon in the city's northern tip, it is a significant town in its own right. Angang Station is a regular stop on the Donghae Nambu Line. The town center lies on the Hyeongsan River, near where it meets the small Chilpyeongcheon stream.

Gampo-eup (No.8) also contains a piece of Gyeongju National Park: the Daebon section which covers the shoreline near the watery grave of King Munmu. 7,900 people live in Gampo-eup, served by three elementary schools and a joint middle-high school. Important local products include persimmons as well as anchovies, seaweed, and squid.

Oedong-eup (No.10) is linked by road and rail to the neighboring metropolis of Ulsan. Thanks to this, it has been a center of the development of Gyeongju's automotive parts industry. Three industrial complexes are located here. Roughly 18,300 people live in Oedong-eup. This population is served by six elementary schools, a middle school, and a high school.

Geoncheon-eup (No.12)

Myeon
Sannae-myeon (No.1) - its name means "within the mountains." Sannae-myeon covers 142.25 km2 and is home to 3,695 people. It has an elementary school and a joint middle-high school.

Seo-myeon (No.2) - its name means "Western myeon." An elementary school and middle school are located in Seo-myeon, serving a local population of 4,400.

Hyeongok-myeon (No.3) played a significant role in the history of Chondogyo, a Korean religion. Choe Je-u, the founder of Chondogyo, used Gumi Mountain as the base for his missionary activities in the early 1860s. The Gumi Mountain area is now part of Gyeongju National Park. Two elementary schools and a high school are located in Hyeongok-myeon, serving a population of 11,500.

Gangdong-myeon (No.5) its name means "east of the river," although in fact much of it lies north of the Hyeongsan River. It is home to 9,000 people. Two elementary schools are located here, as is Uiduk University. The Yangdong Folk Village, a tourist attraction preserving the culture of the late Joseon Dynasty, also lies within Gangdong-myeon.

Cheonbuk-myeon (No.6) is home to about 6,100 people. It is home to two elementary schools, as well as Silla Industrial High School. The area is strongly agricultural. In addition to grain crops, apples are widely cultivated.

Yangbuk-myeon (No.7) stretches from central Gyeongju to the coast of the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Despite its large area, it is home to only 4,500 people. This is in part because much of it is taken up by the Toham-san section of Gyeongju National Park. Yangbuk-myeon is home to two elementary schools, a high school, and a joint elementary-middle school.

Yangnam-myeon (No.9) is the southernmost of the three coastal subdivisions of Gyeongju. The Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant is located on the coast. It provides about 5% of South Korea's electricity. About 6,800 people live in this district.

Naenam-myeon (No.11)

Dong
Bodeok-dong (No.17)

Bulguk-dong (No.18)

Dongcheon-dong (No.22) is the site of Gyeongju City Hall.

Hwangnam-dong (No.24) is known across South Korea as the birthplace of Gyeongju bread-dong, a popular bean-paste pastry also often called "Hwangnam bread."

Hwango-dong (No.21)

Hwangseong-dong (No.15)

Jungbu-dong (No.20)

Seondo-dong (No.13)

Seongdong-dong (No.25)

Seonggeon-dong (No.14)

Tapjeong-dong (No.19)

Wolseong-dong (No.23)

Yonggang-dong (No.16)

title: Subdivisions of Gyeongju


text:
Talk:Kangaroo mouse

Untitled
Could someone find a picture?
 * Currently there's a photo on the page, but it appears to be a photo of a kangaroo rat, not a kangaroo mouse. The tail of a kangaroo mouse is thicker at the center than at either end, and lacks the prominent tuft at the end. I would replace the k-rat photo with a k-mouse photo if I could locate one in the public domain....   — Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.68.66.254 (talk) 18:22, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Delisted GA
There are no images. slambo 16:47, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

In pop culture?
Is it really appropriate to have a "pop culture" section for this type of article, especially when it is so obscure? The info added might belong in the article on Dune, but probably not here. If nobody objects over the next few days, I'll remove. Interested to hear comments. - Bantman 06:34, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think it's been a worthwhile addition to a number of animals, particularly lesser known ones, to have a mass media/pop culture section. In this case, I actually question if it's been established that muad'dib was supposed to have actually been a kangaroo mouse as opposed to a kangaroo mouse/kangaroo rat/jerboa/gerbil-like alien creature.  --Aranae 06:46, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Pop culture
I added the Dune reference because I was on (for some reason or another) the Turtle article, which as has the last time I counted 19 references to pop culture. Seeing this, I thought this was enough justification to add a pop culture reference (albeit literary in nature) to this article on Kangaroo mice.

As for the other comment about the possibility of it being another small kangaroo like mammal, according to my 1984 Berkley Books (35th printing)of Herbert's Dune, in the appendix page 524 under the listing of "Muad'Dib", it contains the following:

"the adopted kangaroo mouse of Arrakis, a creature associated in the Fremen earth-spirit mythology with a design visible on the planet's second moon. This creature is admired by Fremen for its ability to survive in the open desert. " (italics added for emphasis)"

So, it's not any other creature according to Herbert, it is in fact a "Kangaroo mouse".

Finally, if Wikipedian admin feel that pop culture should be purged from all scientific articles then of course that should be done. But I would lament this, as Wikipedia's amount of pop culture is unparalleled. Perhaps the best answer is to create a massive animal pop culture article as Aranae suggested, or disambulation page could be created for animals in pop culture.

Sincerely,

Zidel333 05:52, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm convinced, and I think this is a particularly nice use of pop culture in an article. Herbert was a great influence in incorporating biodiversity and ecological thinking into sci-fi and literature.  I don't know that I've ever mentioned a massive animal pop culture article. I actually like the brief reference per species or group approach.  Of course if it were to get too long it might warrant a subpage, but that's true of any section.  My only concern was that it may not have been a kangaroo rat and I think you've established that nicely.  Thank you, Zidel.  --Aranae 07:39, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * For the record, I strongly disagree. First of all, the previous version of the article was a short but well-written scientific article with strong references; that version would be a fine (if limited) reference for anyone looking for basic biological information on the kangaroo mouse.  By adding a pop culture reference, it degrades the seriousness of the article as a whole, and raises questions as to its accuracy.  I think it also lessens the imact of Wikipedia as a whole, that we are unable to control "fancruft" in even our most mundane hard-science articles.  Second, the fact noted is irrelevant to the topic of kangaroo mouse.  The likelihood that anyone visiting the kangaroo mouse article is actually looking for this obscure bit of Dune trivia is vanishingly small.  While it may be appropriate to link to kangaroo mouse from the relevant Dune-focused article, it is inappropriate to add an entire section to refer from kangaroo mouse back to Dune.  It vastly overstates the importance of the relationship.  Third, any unreferenced information added to a referenced article degrades the quality of the article as a whole, so if this must stay, please add a properly formatted reference in the references section.

 * I know I'm probably in the minority on this, but if we are ever to be taken seriously as a reference source, this type of information really must be restricted to the relevant articles. - Bantman 18:07, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

I'd also like to point out, for the record, that "Wikipedian admin" don't decide these things. Wikipedia editors decide it by consensus, which is just what all of us (Wikipedia editors) are doing here. --Doradus (talk) 01:39, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Kangaroo mice also live in east Tennessee.
I have both caught and released one and I saw one miles away, years later jumping in the snow in the mountains of east Tennessee. 2600:6C5C:6D00:13A7:386C:8D31:C591:92B9 (talk) 13:38, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kangaroo mouse


text:
Latifiya

Latifiya (اللطيفية), named after Latifiya river, is an Iraqi town south of Baghdad, between Mahmoudiyah and Iskandariya, inhabited originally by 97,043 people. It has a mix of Sunni and Shia Muslim population, and surrounded by in the west and the east by rural areas dominated by Sunni Arabs, while its countryside and towns to the north and south are Shia in their majority.

During the period between 2003 and 2007, Latifiya was one of the most dangerous places for the Coalition Forces. The insurgent groups operated almost freely in Latifiya and the neighboring Sunni dominated Yusufiya. One known case was the ambush to agents of the Centro Nacional de Inteligencia from Spain in November 2003. Nearly all of the Shia citizens were ethnically cleansed, being chased off to Mahmoudiyah, Nasiriya and Iskandariya nearby. They returned after the defeat of the Sunni insurgents by the Shi'ite Mahdi army by 2006. In 2014–15, the ISIS jihadists once again expelled the Shia population. With their defeat in 2017, once again the Shia returned, but this time it was the turn for the Sunni population to be harassed and deported.

It is home to the 1/4/6 Iraqi Army Battalion and US Patrol Base Latifiya (FOB ROW).

title: Latifiya


text:
User talk:Reginaguy

Political Agendas I would have to question your political agenda. If it is an anti-Fiacco statement, why do I quote a strong supporter of him ? I do not find it unfeasible that Regina's population has declined by that amount. It fits into the pattern of overall population loss in the province and is proportional to Regina's share of the population. Your threat to ban me is ridiculous, it a small minded response. If you disagree edit the article to state that you feel the statement is erroneous or the stat. You don't just delete it and threaten to ban. There is room for discussion and coming to a agreement on wording. Unless you have an agenda ?

=Regina photos=

Do you have documentation to support the statement at that says "this image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright"? -- Ksmserver 15:17, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually you can simply type “self-made” at the summary and then choose the pop-up licensing tag “You created this yourself and release it to the public domain” when you upload your own photo.Masalai 19:34, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

I've also noticed your uploads, such as Image:Holy_091.jpg, which you claim comes from http://www.corrine.ca/AboutRegina.html. Are you the one who took the photograph? If not, do you have any evidence that the photo is in the public domain? Otherwise, the photo must be deleted. —Psychonaut 02:31, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It was actually Fries guy who reported that the Corrine Boivin photos were available for this use; I've asked him to provide evidence. However, if you have photos of Wascana Lake after the dredging that would make it unnecessary to look further for copyright permission from Boivin Realty.Masalai 19:41, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Fryguy reports as follows as to copyright on the Regina photos: "I already have it from her husband Marc Boivin, the photographer. Do I need to forward it to someone somewhere? Fryguy 14:18, 16 August 2006 (UTC)"Masalai 18:39, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Connexus Arts Centre
Have you noticed that someone is about to delete the photo for copyright reasons? Any chance of your supplying a photo that isn't subject to copyright problems?Masalai 22:53, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Oh well, at least it won't be deleted for copyright reasons.Masalai 04:31, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Regina coatofarms.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Regina coatofarms.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by Orphan boy. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 22:08, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Notable Regina neighborhoods [sic]
Hi again. Any thoughts on the suggestion that SriMesh makes on the “Regina Neighbourhoods” talk page that all Regina neighbourhoods have their own articles? There are issues of spelling and grammar in the material she has inserted in the article regarding neighbourhoods but I hesitate to edit till there has been some discussion as to whether the substantial elaboration of the neighbourhoods article(s) is warranted. Masalai 02:03, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:Dkreginadowntown.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dkreginadowntown.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 19:21, 9 August 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sherool (talk) 19:21, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Holj 091.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Holj 091.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file has agreed to release it under the given license.

If you are the copyright holder for this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to permissions-en@wikimedia.org, stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to permissions-en@wikimedia.org.

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as non-free fair use or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described in section F11 of the criteria for speedy deletion. You may wish to read Wikipedia's image use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 20:20, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Reginaguy


text: User talk:62.25.109.6

title: User talk:62.25.109.6


text:
Hesston College

Hesston College is a private college in Hesston, Kansas, United States. It is associated with the Mennonite Church USA and has an enrollment of about 400 students who typically come from about 30 states and 15 other countries.

History
Opening in 1909 as Hesston Academy and Bible School, Heston College has offered collegiate level classes since 1915. Founded by T.M. Erb and A.L. Hess after approval by the Kansas-Nebraska Mennonite Conference and endorsement by the Mennonite Board of Education (MBE). Hesston College was affiliated with Mennonite Church and operated by MBE until 2002 when Mennonite Church merged with other denominations and Mennonite Church USA was formed. High school level classes were offered until 1963.

In 1981, the Dyck Arboretum of the Plains was founded at the college.

Educational facilities
The main 50 acre Hesston campus consists of 12 buildings, including two residential dormitories (Erb hall and Kaufman Court), an administration building, library, a number of academic buildings, and two gymnasiums. It also has a baseball diamond, a softball field, soccer field, a weight room, and four tennis courts.

The Dyck Arboretum of the Plains is a 25 acre Arboretum located blocks from the main campus.

The aviation program has facilities at the Newton City-County Airport east of Newton, Kansas.

The Nursing program, in addition to facilities on the main campus, has affiliations with local hospitals, including Newton Medical Center and Prairie View Mental Health Center in Newton, Schowalter Villa in Hesston, and Via Christi-St. Francis Campus, Via Christi-St. Joseph Campus, and Wesley Medical Center in Wichita.

Athletics
The official mascot for the Hesston College athletic teams is the Larks. The Larks have 13 teams: baseball, softball, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's basketball, volleyball, men's and women's soccer, track and field, golf and flag football which was added for the academic year 2022–2023. Hesston participates in the NJCAA, and was given full membership in the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference in 2018.

Presidents
as of July 2024

Notable people

 * Alumni
 * Theodore Epp, Christian clergyman, writer, and radio evangelist.
 * John Hostetler, author, educator, and leading scholar of Amish and Hutterite societies.
 * Christmas Kauffman, author of Mennonite Christian literature
 * Jesse Martin, Canadian bishop and peace activist
 * Katie Sowers, first female coach, and openly LGBTQ coach in the NFL.

 * Faculty
 * Harold Bender, professor of theology

title: Hesston College


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Broken Down Comforter Collection

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. NSR (talk) 10:28, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

The Broken Down Comforter Collection
Does every album of a band deserve a seperate page ? should this not be part of the page by band Granddaddy? Manik Raina 15:15, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--individual albums usually get separate articles (assuming that they're not self-released or something of that sort, but I don't believe this one is). Meelar (talk) 15:18, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Grandaddy is a notable band and there are already pages for all their other albums. If that's not enough a Google search of grandaddy "broken down comforter collection" yields over 1,500 results. --TheMidnighters 17:38, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable album by notable brand. Capitalistroadster 17:52, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Meh. Keep. We have so many goddamn pointless album articles, what's one more? -R. fiend 03:26, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Grandaddy. Although Grandaddy amybe a notable band, there is nothing really notable about this album. JamesBurns 06:17, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:203.54.40.161

title: User talk:203.54.40.161


text: Category:Novels by Robert Ludlum

title: Category:Novels by Robert Ludlum


text:
Transverse engine

A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front-wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine configuration, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel with the direction of travel, except for some rear-mid engine vehicles, which use a transverse engine and transaxle mounted in the rear instead of the front. Despite typically being used in light vehicles, it is not restricted to such designs and has also been used on armoured fighting vehicles to save interior space.

History
The Critchley light car, made by the Daimler Motor Company in 1899, had a transverse engine with belt drive to the rear axle. The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW F1 series of cars, which first appeared in 1931.

During WWII, transverse engines were developed for armored vehicles, with the Soviet T-44 and T-54/T-55 tanks being equipped with transverse engines to save space within the hull. The T-54/55 eventually became the most produced tank in history.

Postwar use
After the Second World War, Saab used the configuration in their first model, the Saab 92, in 1947. The arrangement was also used for Borgward's Goliath and Hansa brand cars. The East German-built Trabant, which appeared in 1957, also had a transverse mounted two stroke engine, and this design was kept until the end of production, in 1991. However, it was with Alec Issigonis's Mini, introduced by the British Motor Corporation in 1959, that the design gained acclaim. Issigonis incorporated the car's transmission into the engine's sump, producing a drivetrain unit narrow enough to install transversely in a car only 4 ft wide. While previous DKW and Saab cars used small, unrefined air-cooled two-stroke engines with poor performance, the gearbox-in-sump arrangement meant that an 848 cc four-cylinder water-cooled engine could be fitted to the Mini, providing strong performance for a car of its size. Coupled to the much greater amount of interior space afforded by the layout (the entire drivetrain only took up 20% of the car's length), this made the Mini a genuine alternative to the conventional small family car.

This design reached its peak starting with Dante Giacosa's elaboration of it for Fiat. He connected the engine to its gearbox by a shaft and set the differential off-center so that it could be connected to the gearbox more easily. The half shafts from the differential to the wheels therefore differed in length, which would have made the car's steering asymmetrical were it not for their torsional stiffness being made the same. Giacosa's layout was first used in the Autobianchi Primula in 1964 and later in the popular Fiat 128. With the gearbox mounted separately to the engine, these cars were by necessity larger than the Mini, but this proved to be no disadvantage. This layout, still in use today, also provided superior refinement, easier repair and was better-suited to adopting five-speed transmissions than the original Issigonis in-sump design.

The Lamborghini Miura used a transverse mid-mounted 4.0-litre V12. This configuration was unheard of in 1965, but became more common in the following decades, with cars such as the Lancia Montecarlo, Noble M12, Toyota MR2, Pontiac Fiero, and first-generation Honda NSX using such a powertrain design.

The Land Rover LR2 Freelander, along with all Volvo models from 1998 on (including V8 models), employ a transversely-mounted engine in order to increase passenger space inside the vehicle. This has also allowed for improved safety in a frontal impact, due to more longitudinal engine compartment space being created. The result is a larger front crumple zone.

Transverse engines have also been widely used in buses. In the United States, they were offered in the early 1930s by Twin Coach and used with limited success in Dwight Austin's Pickwick Nite-Coach. Transverse bus engines first appeared widely in the Yellow Coach 719, using Dwight Austin's V-drive; they continued in common use until the 1990s, though shorter V-configuration engines in a longitudinal "T-drive" configuration became common in the 1960s. Transverse engines were also used in the British Leyland Atlantean, in many transit buses, and in nearly all modern double decker buses. They have also been widely used by Scania, MAN, Volvo and Renault's bus divisions.

Position placement of transverse engines
Engines may be placed in two main positions within the motor car:
 * Front-engine transversely-mounted / Front-wheel drive
 * Rear mid-engine transversely-mounted / Rear-wheel drive

Common types of transversely placed engines
Space allowed for engines within the front wheel wells is commonly limited to the following:
 * Single cylinder
 * Inline-two
 * Inline-three
 * Inline-four
 * Inline-five
 * Inline-six (for rear-engined buses)
 * V4
 * V6

Less common types of transversely-placed engines

 * Inline-six: Austin Kimberley, Tasman; Austin 2200, Morris 2200, Wolseley Six); Austin/Morris 2200 HL, Wolseley Saloon, Princess; Daewoo Magnus (aka Chevrolet Epica/Evanda, Suzuki Verona); Daewoo Tosca (aka Chevrolet/Holden Tosca); Land Rover Freelander 2 (aka LR2); Volvo S80; Volvo S60 (2nd generation, also V60); Volvo V70 (3rd generation); Volvo XC60; Volvo XC90
 * V8: Buick LaCrosse LaCrosse Super (2008–2009), Cadillac Allanté, Ford Taurus SHO (3rd generation), Hyundai Equus/Centennial (1st generation), Lancia Thema 8.32, Lincoln Continental (1995-2002 only), Mitsubishi Dignity, Mitsubishi Proudia, Oldsmobile Aurora, Volvo S80, Volvo XC90
 * V12 (mid-engine only): Lamborghini Miura
 * V16 (mid-engine only): Cizeta-Moroder V16T

Alternative convention with twin-cylinder motorcycles
The description of the orientation of V-twin and flat-twin motorcycle engines sometimes differs from the convention as stated above. Motorcycles with a V-twin engine mounted with its crankshaft parallel to the direction of travel, e.g. the AJS S3 V-twin, Indian 841, Victoria Bergmeister, Honda CX series and several Moto Guzzis since the 1960s, are said to have "transverse" engines, while motorcycles with a V-twin mounted with its crankshaft perpendicular to the direction of travel, e.g. most Ducatis since the 1970s and most Harley-Davidsons, are said to have "longitudinal" engines. This convention uses the longest horizontal dimension (length or width) of the engine as its reference axis instead of the crankshaft.

title: Transverse engine


text:
South West Party

The South West Party (in Afrikaans: Suidwes Party, in German: Südwestpartei) was a political party in South West Africa, today Namibia. Initially the party was known as Union Party (Unie Party in Afrikaans). The party was founded in Windhoek in September 1924 by F. van der Heever, A.P. Olivier, and Andries de Wet. It took the name SWP in 1926.

In 1926, the SWP created a pact with the National Party of South West Africa, against the German League in South West Africa (Deutscher Bund in Südwestafrika, DBSW). The party contested four seats in the 1926 legislative elections, winning in Gibeon. The following year SWP and the National Party of South West Africa (NPSWA) merged to form the United National South West Party (UNSWP). The UNSWP formed the government of South West Africa from 1926 to 1950.

title: South West Party


text:
Simon Fraser (comics)

Simon Fraser is a British comics artist and writer best known for his work on Nikolai Dante, a series he created with writer Robbie Morrison in 2000 AD, Tales of the Night Watchman for So What? Press, and Kingsman: The Red Diamond for Image Comics.

Career
Fraser's early work includes Lux and Alby Sign on and Save the Universe, a 1993–1994 collaboration with novelist Martin Millar co-published by Acme Press and Dark Horse Comics. Despite having little interest in football, he worked on Roy of the Rovers, including drawing the character's final appearance in 1995. This led to David Bishop's commissioning him to work on Shimura in the Judge Dredd Megazine, where he first collaborated with Robbie Morrison.

The pair then created Nikolai Dante, a swashbuckling adventure story set amid dynastic intrigue in a future Russia, which debuted in 2000 AD in 1997. Fraser was the main artist on the strip, occasionally rotating with other artists, until 2002; the primary artist since then has been John M. Burns, although Fraser returned to the character in 2006 for the storyline "Sword of the Tsar". Also for 2000 AD, Fraser has drawn a number of Judge Dredd stories.

Returning to the Judge Dredd Megazine in 2003, he collaborated with writer Rob Williams on Family, a black and white series about a crime family with superhuman powers, which has recently been published as a collected edition. In 2005 he drew a four-part adaptation of Richard Matheson's Hell House, scripted by Ian Edginton and published by IDW Publishing.

Fraser produced art on The Adventures of Nikolai Dante for 2000 AD, and the self-penned Lilly MacKenzie and the Mines of Charybdis which was published online, a page per week (every Friday) as part of the online comics collective Act-i-vate.

In 2015, he started drawing covers for the horror comic, Tales of the Night Watchman, published by So What? Press. From 2017 to 2018, he was the primary illustrator for the Kingsman comic book sequel The Red Diamond for Image Comics, written by Rob Williams. In 2018, he drew the sequential art for "The Ghost Train", about the elevated train involved in the infamous Malbone Street Wreck returning to terrorize the city on the centenary of the accident, which kicked off Tales of the Night Watchman's run as a newspaper strip in Brooklyn, New York's Park Slope Reader.   The story debuted in the paper's Spring 2018 edition, number 64. The strips were colored by Gary Caldwell, Simon Fraser's frequent collaborator.

Accolades
In 2018, Fraser received a Ringo Award nomination for best cover artist for his work on Tales of the Night Watchman, Kingsman, and The Consultant.

Interviews

 * 2002 interview with 2000ADReview
 * 2005 interview with The Nexus
 * Meet the Scot who brings the biggest comic book heroes to life, The Daily Record, July 25, 2009

title: Simon Fraser (comics)


text:
Finger joint

A finger joint, also known as a comb joint, is a woodworking joint made by cutting a set of complementary, interlocking profiles in two pieces of wood, which are then glued. The cross-section of the joint resembles the interlocking of fingers between two hands, hence the name "finger joint". The sides of each profile increases the surface area for gluing, resulting in a strong bond, stronger than a butt joint but not very visually appealing. Finger joints are regularly confused with box joints, which are used for corners of boxes or box-like constructions.

Creation
Finger joints are generally created by using identical profiles for both pieces. They are made complementary by rotation or translation of the tool with respect to the workpiece. Typically a finger router bit is used, but spindle moulders can also be used. Manual cutting of finger joints is time-consuming and error prone hence rarely done except in craft pieces.

Applications
A tapered or scarfed finger joint is the most common joint used to form long pieces of lumber from solid boards; the result is finger-jointed lumber.

The finger joint can also be valuable when creating baseboards, moulding or trim, and can be used in such things as floor boards, and door construction.

title: Finger joint


text:
1927–28 in Scottish football

The 1927–28 season was the 55th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 38th season of the Scottish Football League.

Scottish League Division One
Champions: Rangers

Relegated: Boness United, Dunfermline Athletic

Scottish League Division Two
Promoted: Ayr United, Third Lanark

Non-league honours
Highland League

East of Scotland League

Scotland national team
Key:

title: 1927–28 in Scottish football


text: User talk:69.236.24.93

title: User talk:69.236.24.93


text:
John Habberton

John Habberton (February 24, 1842 – February 24, 1921) was an American author and journalist.

Biography
He was born at Brooklyn, New York, and educated in the public schools of Illinois, where he went to live with an uncle after his father died when he was six years old. He served in the army during the Civil War. After the war, he got a job with Harper & Brothers, where he stayed until 1872. After an unsuccessful attempt to become a publisher himself, in 1873 he became literary editor of the Christian Union (later called the Outlook), where he remained until 1877. From 1876 to 1893, he was literary critic on the staff of the New York Herald.

Helen's Babies
Habberton's first major work of fiction was Helen's Babies, based on his sons' adventures (published in 1876 by Loring Publisher, Boston, in 1877 by David Byce and Son, Glasgow and in 1878 by William Mullan, London. It was revived in the early 20th century by George Routledge and Sons, London). The work was initially rejected, but finally published anonymously. Later the author's identity was revealed. The novel is subtitled ''With some account of their ways: innocent, droll, fascinating, roguish, mischievous, and naughty... By their latest victim, Uncle Harry.''

The book was one of the Ruby Books series for boys and girls. Habberton is acknowledged as the author of the book in an advertisement within the 1903 edition of Andersen's Fairy Tales published by Routledge. Habberton is acknowledged, also, in an inexpensive cardboard-back edition of Helen's Babies published by (and copyrighted by) Whitman Publishing Company of Racine, Wisconsin in 1934. That edition is copiously illustrated by Pauline Adams.

Helen's Babies was intended as just a piece of humour and aimed at an adult audience, but it almost instantly became a major juvenile literature success, highly estimated by youngsters, as well as authorities like Rudyard Kipling. Its popularity dwindled somewhat after World War II (although George Orwell mentions it favorably in his 1946 essay on early American literature, Riding Down from Bangor). It regained some interest in the 1980s. It was translated into numerous foreign languages and was adapted into a 1924 film of the same name, directed by William A. Seiter.

Other work
Habberton is also known for his stories about early California life, many of which were collected in his 1880 book Romance of California Life: Illustrated by Pacific Slope Stories, Thrilling, Pathetic and Humorous (New York: Baker, Pratt & Co., 1880).

He was also known under the pseudonym "Smelfungus."

Personal life
In 1868, he married Alice Lawrence Hastings, who later suggested recording their sons' adventures.

Partial bibliography

 * All He Knew
 * Helen's Babies (1876)
 * The Annals of a Baby, by One of Its Slaves (1877)
 * He and I, by the author of "Annals of a Baby" (1877)
 * The Barton Experiment, by the author of "Helen's Babies" (1877)
 * The Jericho Road; A Story of Western Life (1877)
 * Romance of California Life: Illustrated by Pacific Slope Stories, Thrilling, Pathetic and Humorous (1880)
 * The Worst Boy in Town (1880)
 * Helen's Babies and Mrs. Mayburns Twins (1881)
 * Canoeing in Kanuckia
 * Other People's Children (1877)
 * Country Luck (1887)
 * The Scripture Club of Valley Rest
 * The Barton Experiment
 * Trif and Trixie: a story of a dreadfully delightful little girl and her adoring and tormented parents, relations, and friends - copyright 1897- Published by Henry Altemus
 * Caleb Wright; A Story of the West (1901)

title: John Habberton


text: User talk:68.38.76.77

title: User talk:68.38.76.77


text:
Runner's World

Runner's World is a globally circulated monthly magazine for runners of all skills sets, published by Hearst in Easton, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Before its acquisition by Hearst, it was founded and published by Rodale, Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania.

History
Runner's World was originally launched in 1966 by Bob Anderson as Distance Running News,  and Anderson published the magazine by himself for several years from his home in Manhattan, Kansas. Runner and writer Hal Higdon had been writing for the magazine since the beginning (2nd edition). In 1969, Anderson changed the name of the magazine to Runner's World. He brought on Joe Henderson as chief editor and moved the editorial offices, now named World Publications, to Mountain View, California. Runner's World thrived during the 1970s "running boom", even in the face of competition from the New York–based magazine, The Runner.

In the early 1980s, Bob Anderson sold a good portion of his publications, including Runner's World. Some of Anderson's books went out of print while others were distributed by Macmillan Publishing. Robert Rodale of Rodale, Inc., purchased Runner's World in 1985 and the editorial offices moved to Rodale's base in Emmaus, Pennsylvania. Joe Henderson did not move to Emmaus, and stepped down as editor, though he remained associated with the magazine until 2003. Random House bought the running log, which was published under the Runner's World name for decades after the sale.
 * Purchase by Rodale Press

In 1986, Rodale bought The Runner, and merged the two magazines, keeping the Runner's World name and some writers, including Amby Burfoot who became the editor (a post he held until 2003).

Runner's World remained strong through the so-called "second running boom" in the late 1990s. In 2004, the magazine had a full redesign. Since then, the magazine has won several awards including being ranked No. 1 on Adweek's Hot List, No. 6 on Advertising Age's "A-List"; been recognized for having the "Creative Team of the Year", and most notably has been nominated three times for National Magazine Awards. Also, since the redesign, the magazine's circulation has increased from 525,000 to 650,000 at a time when most consumer magazines' circulations have declined, and advertising pages and revenue remain at an all time high.

In February 2007, Rodale acquired Running Times magazine with the objective of getting the magazine back on its original mission to serve the front of the pack.

Hearst acquired Rodale in 2018. Runner's World offices were moved from Emmaus, Pennsylvania, to Easton, Pennsylvania.

 * Awards

In 2021, Mitchell S. Jackson was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for his Runner's World article Twelve Minutes and a Life, "a deeply affecting account of the murder of Ahmaud Arbery that combined vivid writing, thorough reporting and personal experience to shed light on systemic racism in America."

International circulation
Since the early 1990s, Runner's World has expanded outside the United States, currently with 18 international editions. The first was a United Kingdom edition wholly owned by NatMag Rodale, a joint venture between Rodale, Inc. and The Hearst Corporation in the UK. Editions in Argentina, Australia/New Zealand, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey are published either as joint ventures or through licensing arrangements with publishers in those countries. Editors in each country have access to editorial content from the U.S. edition, but also publish their own original content with local flavor.

title: Runner's World