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J. G. Greig

John Glennie Greig (24 October 1871 — 24 May 1958) was an English first-class cricketer and cricket administrator, British Army officer, racquets and tennis player, and Roman Catholic priest.

Greig's military career spanned from 1892 to 1921, beginning with his commissioning into the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment and eventual transfer to the British Indian Army. In British India, he held the appointments of aide-de-camp and military secretary to the Governor of Bombay. He would later serve with the 107th Pioneers during the First World War.

As a cricketer, his first-class career spanned from 1893 to 1922, with Greig predominantly playing for the Europeans cricket team in India and Hampshire in England. In 125 first-class matches, he scored over 6,500 runs and took nearly 140 wickets. He was considered the leading "white" player of the time in India, and in 1898 he made the first double-century to be scored in first-class cricket on Indian soil. Greig was head of the committee which selected the Indian team which toured England in 1911, the first by an All-Indian team. During his time in India, he was also credited with discovering Palwankar Baloo while he was engaged with the Poona Gymkhana. The cricket historian Vasant Raiji likened Greig's contribution to Indian cricket to that of Ranjitsinhji's to English cricket. He would later serve Hampshire in an administrative capacity as its secretary from 1921 to 1930 and its president in 1945 and 1946.

Greig was also a competent racquets and tennis player, who won the Western India Tennis Championships. Later in his life, he would be ordained as a Roman Catholic priest and was appointed to be the first resident priest in Ringwood, Hampshire.

Early life and military career
Greig was born in British India at Mhow in October 1871. He was educated in England at Downside School, before proceeding to the Catholic seminary Ushaw College. However, he did not at this stage enter into ecclesiastical duties, instead attending the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated from there into the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment as a second lieutenant in November 1892, with promotion to lieutenant following in December 1894.

Greig transferred to the British Indian Army in October 1895, where he was attached to the Indian Staff Corps. He was appointed aide-de-camp to the Governor of Bombay in February 1902, and was shortly thereafter promoted to captain in November 1901. He vacated his aide-de-camp appointment in December 1902, but was reappointed in June 1904. In October 1907, Greig was appointed military secretary to the incumbent Governor of Bombay, Sir George Clarke. He was promoted to major in November 1910, and was made a Companion to the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1911 Delhi Durbar Honours. He would serve Clarke's successor, Lord Willingdon, as his military secretary. Prior to the First World War, he spent time serving on the North-West Frontier Province. Greig served during the First World War with the 107th Pioneers, acting as a temporary lieutenant colonel from August to October 1918 whilst commanding a battalion. Following the end of the war, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in July 1919, and retired from active service in November 1921.

Early career in India and England
Greig's cricket began while at Downside and Ushaw College's. While serving in the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment in British India in 1893, he made his debut in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the 1893–94 Bombay Presidency Match. He featured regularly for the Europeans up to September 1896, with Greig having a particularly successful 1896–97 season, in which he scored 259 runs in his two Bombay Presidency Matches, making three half centuries and a highest score of 98. From the early 1890s, Greig was a leading member of the Poona Gymkhana, where he was affectionately known as "Junglee" (a play on his first, middle and last names). He is credited with discovering Palwankar Baloo during his time at the Gymkhana. Greig would often turn up an hour before other members and accompany Baloo in the nets, where Baloo would bowl at Greig, with him encouraging Baloo by reputedly paying him eight annas each time he dismissed him. Greig sought to overcome the caste system which held Baloo back, with the leading Hindu club in Poona (whose membership was formed of conservative, higher-caste Hindus) reluctant to allow Baloo, who was lower-caste chamar, to play for them. Greig intervened, suggesting to the press that the Hindus would be foolish to deprive themselves of Baloo's bowling talents.

Greig made two first-class appearances upon his return to England in 1898, playing for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University, and for A. J. Webbe's personal eleven against Cambridge University. He returned to India later in 1898, where he resumed playing for the Europeans in the Bombay Presidency Matches. Against the Parsees in the 1898–99 Bombay Presidency Match, he claimed his first five wicket hauls with his right-arm slow bowling, taking figures of 6 for 22 and 7 for 36 in the match. In the 1899-1900 Bombay Presidency Match against the Parsees, he recorded his maiden first-class century, making 184 runs opening the batting alongside Archie Douglas; this was the highest individual score made in India to that point. Returning to England on leave in 1901, Greig began playing for Hampshire in the County Championship. His reputation in India was such that Ranjitsinhji wrote a letter of introduction for him to Hampshire, writing "Greig is a better batsman than I am, and is an excellent bowler as well". His first season for Hampshire was a success, with Greig scoring 1,277 runs at an average of 41.19; he made five centuries, including a maiden double-century (249 not out) against Lancashire at Liverpool. Alongside his eighteen appearances for Hampshire in 1901, he also played for the MCC and for the Gentlemen in the Gentlemen v Players fixture. The 1901 season was, in terms of the number of wickets taken, his most successful with the ball, with Greig taking 27 wickets at a bowling average of 25.62.

Returning to India following the end of the 1901 season, Greig played two matches against the Parsees in the 1902–03 Bombay Presidency Matches, becoming the first player to make 1,000 runs in the Presidency Matches, in addition to playing for Bombay against a touring Oxford University Authentics team at Bombay in November 1902, scoring 204 in Bombay's second innings; this was the first double-century in first-class cricket to made on Indian soil. He returned to England on leave in 1905 and made nine appearances in the County Championship and one against the touring Australians. He once again performed well for Hampshire, averaging over 50 with the bat. He made three centuries, all against Worcestershire; at Worcester in his first match of the season, Greig made scores of 115 and 130, and later in season he made an unbeaten 187 at Bournemouth. Returning to India for the winter, he made two appearances in the 1905–06 Presidency Matches, before returning to England on leave in the summer of 1906, where he made sixteen appearances in the County Championship and one appearance for the MCC. He did not manage to make a century during the season, scoring 867 runs at an average of 26.27.

Later career and administrative duties
Over the coming seasons, Greig remained in India in his capacity as military secretary to the Governor of Bombay, playing for the Europeans with some success in the 1907–08 and 1908–09 seasons. Returning to England in 1910, he made twelve County Championship appearances, alongside playing once for the MCC. Upon his return to India, Greig was appointed to head the committee to select the Indian team which toured England in 1911, the first by an All-Indian team. The composition of the committee reflected the changing balance of power in Bombay, with representatives from the Hindu, Muslim, and Parsis communities. Despite his great knowledge of Indian cricket, Greig's appointment as committee head was seen more as a political move designed to circumvent any selection deadlocks which might emerge between the different communities represented on the committee. Greig's first-class cricket was solely played in India between 1911 and 1913, predominantly for the Europeans, though he did also feature for his own personal eleven against the Hindus at the Poona Gymkhana. When on leave in England, Greig made nine appearances in the 1914 County Championship, before it was curtailed by the outbreak of the First World War. His last season before the war saw him score 489 runs and making a single century.

Although first-class cricket had been suspended in England, this was not the case in India, where first-class cricket was played throughout the entirety of the war. He played for the Europeans in the Bombay Quadrangular Tournament during the war, while also playing for a team termed "England" against India at Bombay in December 1915, a match arranged to raise money for the Bombay Presidency War and Relief Fund; he made a double-century (216) which helped "England" to an innings and 263 runs victory. Despite playing a large part of his first-class cricket in India, Greig was described as "no lover of Indian cricket" by the political scientist and author Ronojoy Sen. This was exemplified in a match between the Europeans and the Hindus in the 1916–17 Bombay Quadrangular Tournament, when he was adjudged out stumped by native umpire Mukundrao Pai. Greig disagreed with his decision, and was ordered from the field by Pai for quarrelling and disagreeing with his decision. Upon his return to the pavilion, Greig's protests against the decision continued and led to the game being delayed for thirty minutes. The subsequent controversy, which was covered by extensively by the press in India, resulted in the Hindus impressing on the British authorities the need for neutral umpires, with subsequent games having a member of the Muslims or Parsees teams officiating when the Hindus and Europeans played. Following the war, Greig returned home to England in 1920, where he made four appearances for Hampshire in the County Championship. Returning to India, he made his final appearance for the Europeans in the 1920–21 Bombay Quadrangular Tournament. Following his retirement from the military in 1921, he returned home to England and made six appearances in the 1921 County Championship, before making a final appearance for Hampshire against Somerset in the 1922 County Championship.

Greig was elected to replace George Harvey Muir as Hampshire secretary in 1921, a post he would hold until 1930. He later served as Hampshire president in 1945 and 1946.

Legacy and statistics
Greig was considered by Sen to be a "prolific batsman", who was for many years considered the best "white" batsman in India. Of short stature, he was derogatorily remarked by D. B. Deodhar as a "white pygmy", while the cricket historian Vasant Raiji wrote "though slight of physique he possessed strong wrists and uncommonly keen vision, which enabled him to employ a variety of attractive strokes all round the wicket". Wisden noted that his most attractive stroke was the cut, which had rarely been seen in India. His thirst for run-scoring was likened to that of Don Bradman and Sunil Gavaskar. His bowling was described by Deodhar as "brainy and artful", while noting that his fielding was "as good as his batting".

Greig played 39 first-class matches for the Europeans, scoring 2,300 runs at an average of 37.70, making three centuries and fourteen half centuries. As a bowler, he took 72 wickets for the Europeans at a bowling average of 14.47, taking four five wicket hauls and ten wickets in a match twice. In the field, he took 44 catches for the Europeans. Making 77 first-class appearances for Hampshire, he scored 4,375 runs at an average of 34.17, making ten centuries and seventeen half centuries. With the ball, he was less successful in English conditions, but nonetheless he took 64 wickets for Hampshire at an average of 32.03, taking four five wicket hauls. In the field, he took 52 catches for Hampshire. His overall career first-class record was 7,348 runs at an average of 36.37, from 125 matches, while with the ball he took 138 wickets at an average of 23.46. In the field, he took a total of 102 catches.

Raiji considered his contributions to Indian cricket as of a same class as that of Ranjitsinhji to English cricket.

Racquets and tennis
In addition to playing cricket in India, Greig also partook in racquets and tennis tournaments. He won the Open Singles Racquets Cup on ten occasions and competed with success in the Western India Tennis Championships; he was runner-up to Herbert Cheetham in the 1897 Championship, before defeating Cheetham in the final of the 1898 Championship.

Ecclesiastical duties and death
Greig studied to become a Roman Catholic priest in 1934 at Beda College in Rome. He was ordained as a priest in 1935, and in 1937 he was appointed the first resident priest in Ringwood, Hampshire. In 1947, he was made an honorary canon of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth. Greig died at Milford on Sea in May 1958.

title: J. G. Greig


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Log/2005 July 16

Move Category:Hypothetical Sol System bodies to Category:Hypothetical Solar System bodies

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was rename --Kbdank71 14:16, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Use of the term 'Sol system' is rare and almost entirely restricted to science fiction. Worldtraveller 23:49, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as per nom. Although "Sol" may have meaning, abbrvs should be used very sparingly, if at all, in titles.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  06:18, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Technically, the 'Sol' system is not an abbreviation but is our solar system. There are plenty of other solar systems. Radiant_ >|< 08:26, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd be tempted to suggest that The Solar System (capitals and definite article) is ours, but a solar system or solar systems generally (lower case etc) are the others. A bit like the difference between an internet and the Internet. -Splash 15:43, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP as is. solar system also means planetary system and thus you turn an unambiguous name into an ambiguous name. Plus Solar System not solar system would be the correct capitalization. Also note this is a category of hypothetical bodies (surely fictive, since they are not real) 67.71.168.74 12:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree about capitalisation, but 'sol system' is sci-fi usage, not generally recognised by astronomers or the general public. In scientific usage, 'solar system' refers to our system, 'planetary system' is a more generic term so solar system is not ambiguous.  Hypothetical does not mean fictional, these are bodies that were at one time believed to exist for various reasons, not simply made up. Worldtraveller 12:27, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If something doesn't exist, it is fictional, whether it is also hypothetical or not is a different question. 132.205.3.20 18:18, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nominator. Our article titled solar system is about our planetary system, after all, so obviously the proposed category name isn't all that ambiguous. Postdlf 21:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per nominator, and to avoid obfuscating things. -Splash 15:43, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as per nom. Maybe I've lead a sheltered life, but I've never heard anyone use the phrase "Sol system". JW 23:50, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename, but the definite article is required to highlight which particular solar system is being referenced; "Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System"? It's neater, anyway. James F. (talk) 10:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: IMHO "Hypothetical bodies of our Solar System" would be better if rename is the consensus. --Sherool 12:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep, Sol system is the correct usage (isn't the point of the wikipedia to spread knowledge? not promote "popular" usage of terms.) and "official" name (as far as these things can be official) of our solar system, see this NASA article (brief quote: "Uranus was later found to be a world tipped on its side compared to the rest of the known planets in the Sol system (...)" emphasis mine). It is little used outside sience fiction simply because we have only identified a handfull of other planets orbeting distant stars (and untill fairly recently there where no known solar systems beyond our own (only the stars themselves where known)), so there have not been a lot of call for disabmiguation. However more "extra-solar" planets are discovered all the time, so it's only prudent to use the correct term sooner rather later once people start adding articles about other solar systems (IMHO the Solar System article coud be moved and replaced by a "generic" article about solar systems in general, but that's another debate). --Sherool 12:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * comment - I'm afraid that's quite wrong - 'Sol System' is absolutely not the 'correct' usage. 'Solar system' is not ambiguous, as systems around other stars (of which over 100 are known, many with articles here already) are not known as 'solar systems' but as things like 'the 51 Pegasi system' or 'the Tau Ceti system'.  We already have a generic article at planetary system.  One NASA usage does not an 'official' term make, and see these google results for a broader picture:, .  The International Astronomical Union is the source of official astronomical nomenclature, and they use the term solar system exclusively , .  The whole reason I want to rename it is because 'sol system' is a non-standard, unscientific designation, which it is quite wrong to use instead of Solar System. Worldtraveller 13:39, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - Ok I stand corrected on the official part. Bad asumption on my part, most scientific names seems to be in Latin so I asumed the Latin name for the sun would be the official one. A bit of searching revealed that there is NO official proper name for our sun and it's system. A bit strange though, most of the planets are named after Roman (and Greek) gods, Sol was the roman god of the sun, and the roman name for the sun, so how come names like Mars and Jupiter are official while Sol is not? All I can think of is simple "oversight", there where many planets but only one sun, so everyone have always used the generic term. These days we know of hundreds of thousands of stars and hundreds of solar systems, so IMHO using a proper name for our sun makes sence, and Sol is the best candidate (IMHO), official or not (Solar System is no more official or "scientific" it's merely more used). I must confess though that my attraction to "Sol" might be partialy due to cultural bias, seeng as "sol" also happens to mean "sun" in my native language. Guess we'll just have to agree to disagree on this one. I've made my "case" such as it is, and I seem to be in the minority. Oh well life goes on :) --Sherool 16:43, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Rename. It's an abbreviation.  Or laziness. --Kbdank71 14:56, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: It's not an abbreviation, it's the sun's name in Latin after the sun god Sol Invictus, it's just not used very often (in English) unlike the names of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Pluto etc. where also all Roman gods, so the name have some merit IMHO), see also Sol.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Wikipedian actuarialists

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 14:07, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Actuarialist isn't even a word. Delete or move to Wikipedian actuaries, if such a category is really needed. Joke137 18:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Yep, its a word :) Although the category is empty, I haven't had much desire to delete any of the Wikipedian categories so far.  This is a specialized field under Category:Wikipedian mathematicians. As it is, I'm listed under Category:Wikipedian military, which isn't very full either. This category should be a grandchild of Category:Wikipedia culture. And suggest we encourage more Wikipedians to be more involved with the other aspects of being a Wikipedian. IMHO  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  07:57, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Uh, no, it's not a word. The word is actuary not actuarialist. Don't take my word for it, take the OED's, or Google's. —Joke137 23:03, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Withdrawn, thanks for the correction. I found the word on several mathematics related websites, but it seems it must have been a neologism, Google: ists ~ 44; ies ~ 64,000. Rename to Category:Wikipedian actuaries.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  05:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete I think that it is useless to have this category. Actuarialist? What is that? --Exir Kamalabadi | Contributions 03:45, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's empty.  If we get a rush of Wikipedian actualialists/actuaries/whatever, it can easily be recreated.  --Kbdank71 14:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Good point. I'll be sure to move out of the way of the crowd :) . ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  07:01, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Chinese American actors, Category:Chinese American politicians, Category:Chinese American scientists, Category:Chinese American writers

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Unnecessary subcategorization. We previously had overwhelming consensus to delete similar occupation subcategories of Jewish Americans and Italian Americans; these should likewise go. Postdlf 18:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. -Splash 23:03, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. Although, at some point, I feel this may be come a seperate issue, not category based, that might need further discussion. Anyone have a link to the previous Cfd, so i can read them?  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  06:24, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There's: a bunch of ethnicity CfDs here, which was rather alarmingly declared a no consensus. Going to drop a message to Kbdank71 about that. There's also the various women-based categories, which is a similar question. -Splash 07:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I left a note under your comment to Kbdank71, since he hadn't had a chance to respond yet. The reasoning I believe, is similar to my comment above. I think these all need to goto RFC, as it has been a delicate subject.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  08:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in mind this isn't to delete Category:Chinese Americans, just its occupation-specific subcats. I don't think the "lack of consensus" in the other CfD applies here because it's a narrower issue that does not touch on whether people should be classified by ethnicity generally.  Postdlf 21:06, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Upmerge to category:overseas Chinese fooians (e.g. category:overseas Chinese politicians). — Instantnood 07:22, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, that looks like a deletion candidate as well. What does that even mean?  Politicians of the Chinese government who are stationed in other countries?  And I guess Chinese politicians who are in Russia would not be included because they are not "overseas."  Postdlf 04:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I won't object their deletion if the articles are linked to, and are included under the appropriate sections on the list of overseas Chinese. — Instantnood 04:54, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above, and I agree that this issue should be taken to RFC (and then possibly turned into a speedy-renaming criterion either way around to prevent repetitive discussion). Radiant_ >|< 09:57, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not sure what "overseas" means, anyway.  To me, that's Europe, Africa, or Asia. --Kbdank71 14:46, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: It refers to the diaspora. See also overseas Chinese. — Instantnood 09:55, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Inappropriate focus on an attribute of doubtful significance. CalJW 22:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: These are useful categories for readers to look for significant people of the Chinese diaspora. — Instantnood 08:29, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Teachings of Paul

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. There is only one article in this category, which I have nominated for deletion. Even if the article survives VFD, it can be put directly into Category:Christian theology rather than in this otherwise empty category. --Angr/undefined 15:37, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * (note, this is nominated for renaming a bit down this page). delete. Radiant_ >|< 08:26, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:Vegan

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:35, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Category was misnamed (as its "catmore" indicates, leading as it does to a redirect); I've created a new category Category:Veganism, to which I've migrated all the relevant articles. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:24, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP, a vegan is a person... so this is a person category. IT should be a subcat of veganism, and something in the people heirarchy, with the appropriate people articles in it. 132.205.45.148 15:16, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment - if kept (as a category for vegans), it should be renamed (minimally "vegans", or perhaps "people who are vegans"). -- Rick Block (talk) 18:43, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also overlaps with category Vegetarians. Pavel Vozenilek 21:54, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how many notable vegans there are, but all vegetarians are not vegans. -Seth Mahoney 23:43, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete as above. Radiant_ >|< 08:26, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is already a list of vegans.  Besides, most of the articles were not about people. --Kbdank71 14:45, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

Category:American conservatives

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the category above. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete --Kbdank71 13:32, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Category was previously deleted as POV. There does not appear to be a Category:American liberals. - choster 00:42, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Is the discussion archived? Do you have a link to it? siafu 01:54, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The page I linked has the entry, but not a date or discussion:
 * Category:American conservatives was deleted as POV
 * Category:Neoconservatives was deleted as POV
 * Category:Conservatives was deleted as POV
 * Category:British conservatives was deleted as POV

 * I only ask because it's not obvious to me why the word "conservative" is POV; it's commonly used here (US) self-referentially, though per your nom, the word "liberal" doesn't seem to work the same way. siafu 02:06, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Some analogous discussion can be found at Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:Liberal leaders in the United States and Categories for deletion/Liberal leaders. - choster 02:21, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Per previous consensus/arguments. Though conservative is much more easily defined and recognized than liberal, without one, the other seems rather meaningless, and discussions linked above do demonstrate how defining "liberal" is a can of worms... in America. siafu 02:33, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As we do with articles that have been Vfd'd, there should be no need to re-discuss this. Simply list recreated categories at the bottom of this page for speedy emptying and deletion.  Postdlf 18:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Recreation of previously deleted material can be speedily deleted. Radiant_ >|< 08:26, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the category's talk page (if any). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Onychomycosis

Onychomycosis, also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails. Complications may include cellulitis of the lower leg.

A number of different types of fungus can cause onychomycosis, including dermatophytes and Fusarium. Risk factors include athlete's foot, other nail diseases, exposure to someone with the condition, peripheral vascular disease, and poor immune function. The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing.

Onychomycosis does not necessarily require treatment. The antifungal medication terbinafine taken by mouth appears to be the most effective but is associated with liver problems. Trimming the affected nails when on treatment also appears useful.

There is a ciclopirox-containing nail polish, but there is no evidence that it works. The condition returns in up to half of cases following treatment. Not using old shoes after treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence.

Onychomycosis occurs in about 10 percent of the adult population, with older people more frequently affected. Males are affected more often than females. Onychomycosis represents about half of nail disease. It was first determined to be the result of a fungal infection in 1853 by Georg Meissner.

Signs and symptoms

The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin underneath and around the nail can become inflamed and painful. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell. There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe. People with onychomycosis may experience significant psychosocial problems due to the appearance of the nail, particularly when fingers – which are always visible – rather than toenails are affected. Dermatophytids are fungus-free skin lesions that sometimes form as a result of a fungus infection in another part of the body. This could take the form of a rash or itch in an area of the body that is not infected with the fungus. Dermatophytids can be thought of as an allergic reaction to the fungus.

Causes
The causative pathogens of onychomycosis are all in the fungus kingdom and include dermatophytes, Candida (yeasts), and nondermatophytic molds. Dermatophytes are the fungi most commonly responsible for onychomycosis in the temperate western countries; while Candida and nondermatophytic molds are more frequently involved in the tropics and subtropics with a hot and humid climate.

Dermatophytes
When onychomycosis is due to a dermatophyte infection, it is termed tinea unguium. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte involved in onychomycosis. Other dermatophytes that may be involved are T. interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum, Tricholosporum violaceum, Microsporum gypseum, T. tonsurans, and T. soudanense. A common outdated name that may still be reported by medical laboratories is Trichophyton mentagrophytes for T. interdigitale. The name T. mentagrophytes is now restricted to the agent of favus skin infection of the mouse; though this fungus may be transmitted from mice and their danders to humans, it generally infects skin and not nails.

Other
Other causative pathogens include Candida and nondermatophytic molds, in particular members of the mold genus Scytalidium (name recently changed to Neoscytalidium), Scopulariopsis, and Aspergillus. Candida species mainly cause fingernail onychomycosis in people whose hands are often submerged in water. Scytalidium mainly affects people in the tropics, though it persists if they later move to areas of temperate climate.

Other molds more commonly affect people older than 60 years, and their presence in the nail reflects a slight weakening in the nail's ability to defend itself against fungal invasion.

Nail injury and nail psoriasis can cause damaged toenails to become thick, discolored & brittle.

Risk factors
Advancing age (usually over the age of 60) is the most common risk factor for onychomycosis due to diminished blood circulation, longer exposure to fungi, nails which grow more slowly and thicken, and reduced immune function increasing susceptibility to infection. Nail fungus tends to affect men more often than women and is associated with a family history of this infection.

Other risk factors include perspiring heavily, being in a humid or moist environment, psoriasis, wearing socks and shoes that hinder ventilation and do not absorb perspiration, going barefoot in damp public places such as swimming pools, gyms and shower rooms, having athlete's foot (tinea pedis), minor skin or nail injury, damaged nail, or other infection, and having diabetes, circulation problems, which may also lead to lower peripheral temperatures on hands and feet, or a weakened immune system.

Diagnosis
The diagnosis is generally suspected based on the appearance and confirmed by laboratory testing. The four main tests are a potassium hydroxide smear, culture, histology examination, and polymerase chain reaction. The sample examined is generally nail scrapings or clippings. These being from as far up the nail as possible.

Nail plate biopsy with periodic acid-Schiff stain appear more useful than culture or direct KOH examination. To reliably identify nondermatophyte molds, several samples may be necessary.

Classification
There are five classic types of onychomycosis:
 * Distal subungual onychomycosis is the most common form of tinea unguium and is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate.
 * White superficial onychomycosis (WSO) is caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. It accounts for around 10 percent of onychomycosis cases. In some cases, WSO is a misdiagnosis of "keratins granulations" which are not a fungus, but a reaction to nail polish that can cause the nails to have a chalky white appearance. A laboratory test should be performed to confirm.
 * Proximal subungual onychomycosis is fungal penetration of the newly formed nail plate through the proximal nail fold. It is the least common form of tinea unguium in healthy people, but is found more commonly when the patient is immunocompromised.
 * Endonyx onychomycosis is characterized by leukonychia along with a lack of onycholysis or subungual hyperkeratosis.
 * Candidal onychomycosis is Candida species invasion of the fingernails, usually occurring in persons who frequently immerse their hands in water. This normally requires the prior damage of the nail by infection or trauma.

Differential diagnosis
In many cases of suspected nail fungus there is actually no fungal infection, but only nail deformity.

To avoid misdiagnosis as nail psoriasis, lichen planus, contact dermatitis, nail bed tumors such as melanoma, trauma, or yellow nail syndrome, laboratory confirmation may be necessary.

Other conditions that may appear similar to onychomycosis include: psoriasis, normal aging, green nail syndrome, yellow nail syndrome, and chronic paronychia.

Medications
Most treatments are with antifungal medications, either topically or by mouth. Avoiding use of antifungal therapy by mouth (e.g., terbinafine) in persons without a confirmed infection is recommended, because of the possible side effects of that treatment. First topical terbinafine medication (MOB-015) was launched in February 2024 in Sweden under the name Terclara. This medication recorded 76% mycological cure rate in two phase 3 studies. The topical property of this medication ensures that typical terbinafine side effects are not present (1000 times lower terbinafine levels in plasma). Roll-out in other countries will continue in the coming years.

Medications that may be taken by mouth include terbinafine (76% effective), itraconazole (60% effective), and fluconazole (48% effective). They share characteristics that enhance their effectiveness: prompt penetration of the nail and nail bed, and persistence in the nail for months after discontinuation of therapy. Ketoconazole by mouth is not recommended due to side effects. Oral terbinafine is better tolerated than itraconazole. For superficial white onychomycosis, systemic rather than topical antifungal therapy is advised.

Topical agents include ciclopirox nail paint, amorolfine, and efinaconazole. Some topical treatments need to be applied daily for prolonged periods (at least one year). Topical amorolfine is applied weekly.

Efinaconazole, a topical azole antifungal, led to cure rates two or three times better than the next-best topical treatment, ciclopirox. In trials, about 17% of people were cured using efinaconazole, as opposed to 4% of people using placebo.

Topical ciclopirox results in a cure in 6% to 9% of cases. Ciclopirox when used with terbinafine appears to be better than either agent alone. Although eficonazole, P-3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer), and tavaborole are effective at treating fungal infection of toenails, complete cure rates are low.

Other
Chemical (keratolytic) or surgical debridement of the affected nail appears to improve outcomes.

As of 2014 evidence for laser treatment is unclear as the evidence is of low quality and varies by type of laser.

Tea tree oil is not recommended as a treatment on present data. It was found to irritate the surrounding skin in some trial participants.

United States
According to a 2015 study, the cost in the United States of testing with the periodic acid–Schiff stain (PAS) was about $148. Even if the cheaper KOH test is used first and the PAS test is used only if the KOH test is negative, there is a good chance that the PAS will be done (because of either a true or a false negative with the KOH test). But the terbinafine treatment costs only $10 (plus an additional $43 for liver function tests). In conclusion the authors say that terbinafine has a relatively benign adverse effect profile, with liver damage very rare, so it makes more sense cost-wise for the dermatologist to prescribe the treatment without doing the PAS test. (Another option would be to prescribe the treatment only if the potassium hydroxide test is positive, but it gives a false negative in about 20% of cases of fungal infection.) On the other hand, as of 2015 the price of topical (non-oral) treatment with efinaconazole was $2307 per nail, so testing is recommended before prescribing it.

The cost of efinaconazole treatment can be reduced to $65 per 1-month dose using drug coupons, bringing the treatment cost to $715 per nail.

Canada
In 2019, a study by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health found the cost for a 48-week efinaconazole course to be $178 for a big toe, and $89 for a different toe.

Prognosis
Recurrence may occur following treatment, with a 20-25% relapse rate within 2 years of successful treatment. Nail fungus can be painful and cause permanent damage to nails. It may lead to other serious infections if the immune system is suppressed due to medication, diabetes or other conditions. The risk is most serious for people with diabetes and with immune systems weakened by leukemia or AIDS, or medication after organ transplant. Diabetics have vascular and nerve impairment, and are at risk of cellulitis, a potentially serious bacterial infection; any relatively minor injury to feet, including a nail fungal infection, can lead to more serious complications. Infection of the bone is another rare complication.

Epidemiology
A 2003 survey of diseases of the foot in 16 European countries found onychomycosis to be the most frequent fungal foot infection and estimated its prevalence at 27%. Prevalence was observed to increase with age. In Canada, the prevalence was estimated to be 6.48%. Onychomycosis affects approximately one-third of diabetics and is 56% more frequent in people with psoriasis.

Etymology
The term is from Ancient Greek ὄνυξ onyx "nail", μύκης mykēs "fungus", and the suffix -ωσις ōsis "functional disease".

Research
Research suggests that fungi are sensitive to heat, typically 40–60 C. The basis of laser treatment is to try to heat the nail bed to these temperatures in order to disrupt fungal growth. As of 2013 research into laser treatment seemed promising. There is also ongoing development in photodynamic therapy, which uses laser or LED light to activate photosensitisers that eradicate fungi.

title: Onychomycosis


text:
User talk:Hubert Wan

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 13:15, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Hubert Wan


text:
Flip-disc display

The flip-disc display (or flip-dot display) is an electromechanical dot matrix display technology used for large outdoor signs, normally those that will be exposed to direct sunlight. Flip-disc technology has been used for external destination signs on buses and trains across North America, Europe and Australia, as well as for variable-message signs on highways. It has also been used extensively on public information displays. A few game shows have also used flip-disc displays, including Canadian shows like Just Like Mom, The Joke's on Us and Uh Oh!, but most notably the American game show Family Feud from 1976 to 1995, and its British version Family Fortunes from 1980 to 2002. The Polish version of Family Feud, Familiada, still uses this board, which was bought from the Swedish version of the show.

Design
The flip-disc display consists of a grid of small metal discs that are black on one side and a bright color on the other (typically white or day-glo yellow), set into a black background. With power applied, the disc flips to show the other side. Once flipped, the discs will remain in position without power.

The disc is attached to an axle which also carries a small permanent magnet. Positioned close to the magnet is a solenoid. By pulsing the solenoid coil with the appropriate electrical polarity, the permanent magnet on the axle will align itself with the magnetic field, also turning the disc. Another style uses a magnet embedded in the disc itself, with separate solenoids arranged at the ends or side to flip it.

A computerized driver system reads data, typically characters, and flips the appropriate discs to produce the desired display. Some displays use the other end of the solenoid to actuate a reed switch, which controls an LED array behind the disc, resulting in a display that is visible at night but requires no extra drive electronics.

Various driving schemes are in use. Their basic purpose is to reduce the amount of wiring and electronics needed to drive the solenoids. All common methods connect the solenoids in some sort of matrix. One driving method is similar to that of core memory: the solenoids are connected in a simple matrix. Those solenoids at the crossing point of two powered wires are driven with enough current to flip their discs; those powered on only the vertical or horizontal line see only half of the required force (as flux is proportional to current, which in turn is proportional to the voltage). Those on unpowered lines also do not flip.

Typically, the driving scheme works its way from top to bottom, powering each horizontal line "on" and then powering the needed vertical lines to set up that row. The whole process takes a few seconds, during which time the sound of the discs being flipped over is quite distinctive.

Other driving schemes use diodes to isolate non-driven solenoids, which allows only the discs whose state needs changing to be flipped. This uses less power and may be more robust.

History
The flip-disc display was developed by Kenyon Taylor at Ferranti-Packard at the request of Trans-Canada Air Lines (today's Air Canada). By the time the system had been patented in 1961, TCA had already lost interest and Ferranti's management didn't consider the project very interesting.

The first big opportunity for this system came in 1961 when the Montreal Stock Exchange decided to modernize its method of displaying trading information. Ferranti-Packard and Westinghouse both bid on the project, Westinghouse using an electro-luminescent technology. Ferranti won the contract after demonstrating the system with a mock-up they built in a disused warehouse across the street from the exchange's new offices, using hand-painted dots moved by hand to show how the system would work. The dots were slowly replaced with operating modules as they became available. The $700,000 system was beset by delays and technical problems, but once it became fully operational it was considered very reliable.

The systems were relatively expensive because of their manual construction, typically completed by women who "sewed" the displays in a fashion very similar to the construction of magnetic-core memory. Worse, Ferranti signed maintenance contracts that were, by 1971, losing $12,000 a month. A re-organization of the engineering and maintenance department addressed the problems, and prices started to fall. By 1977 the system had won sales with half the world's major stock exchanges.

As prices fell, they were soon found in wider roles, notably that of highway signs and information systems for public transport. In Europe and in the United States, vane displays based on the same technology became popular for displaying prices at gasoline stations. In 1974 Ferranti started a project to build smaller versions for the front of buses and trains, and by 1977 revenue from these had already surpassed that from other lines of business. The displays often required minor maintenance to free up "stuck" discs.

Alternative technologies

Flip-disc systems are still widespread but are not often found in new installations. Their place has been filled by LED-based products, which use a small amount of power constantly rather than each time the message changes, but are easily visible in both light and darkness, and, having no moving parts, require little maintenance.

Some producers offer combined displays that use flip-dot and LED technologies together (every dot-disc has its own LED) and thereby they combine their advantages. For example, the Czech company BUSE from Blansko supplies self-patented DOT-LED displays (only DOT and only LED as well) in Central and Eastern Europe. This combined technology was used for outside displays of most of new buses and trams.

title: Flip-disc display


text:
Bernadette Ganilau

Rose Lavenia Bernadette Rounds Ganilau, born July 5, 1951, as  Lavenia Bernadette Rounds, is a Fijian writer, broadcaster, and politician, who served as Minister for Labour, Minister for Tourism, Industrial Relations, Productivity and Environment in the interim Cabinet of Commodore Frank Bainimarama, having been appointed on 9 January 2007. In previous political roles, she served in 2000 and 2001 in the Interim Government of Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase as Assistant Minister for Social Welfare, and from June to December 2006, she was Deputy Leader of the Opposition and Chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Representatives, until the military coup of 5 December.

Long a political activist, Ganilau's causes included women's rights and human rights in general, and has served as President of Women Entrepreneurs Fiji. She spent much of mid-to-late 2005 campaigning against the government's controversial Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, which proposes to establish a Commission with the power to compensate victims and pardon perpetrators of the Fiji coup of 2000. On 13 July 2005, she described the bill as one that would encourage hatred and violence rather than tolerance and accommodation.

Personal life
Ganilau is married to Ratu Jone Antonio Rabici Rabaraba Ganilau, the youngest son of Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, Fiji's first President (1987-1993). They have adopted his grand-niece Jordana Nicolai Adi Mei Vikatoria Kainona Ganilau, daughter of Adi Laisa Ganilau. Her brother-in-law, Ratu Epeli Ganilau, was a well-known contemporary politician.

Ganilau grew up in a home surrounded by music. Her mother was musician Bonita Rounds who played piano in a group called the Snappy Six.

Career
In 2000, Ganilau was appointed an interim Minister after the 2000 Fijian coup d'état.

Ganilau contested and won the Suva City General Communal Constituency for the United Peoples Party (UPP) in the general election scheduled for 6–13 May, defeating Cabinet Minister Kenneth Zinck. She was one of two UPP candidates returned in the election.

She resigned from the United People's Party in 2007 after being ousted as Deputy Opposition leader and accepting an office in the interim government. She was appointed to oversee Labour and Tourism. UPP leader Mick Beddoes, an opponent of the military coup and of the government formed by its leader, asked her to resign from the party.

In January 2008, Ganilau was "dropped" from the government position of Tourism Minister during a Cabinet reshuffle. In November 2008 she established the Green Party of Fiji. Due to a court order, the party was dissolved with its assets forfeited to the State. Ganilau choose not to run in the 2018 General Election citing her familie's wishes.

She, along with six other women, took the Government to court over the 'Electoral (Registration of Voters) Act' and the 'Interpretation Act' of 2021. The law required voters to change their birth certificate to match the name they registered to vote with, which means married women who adopted their husbands last name were required to change their name on their birth certificate as well. The act went into effect on October 31, 2022; while the case was still pending. The law was still in place in May 2023.

title: Bernadette Ganilau


text:
Ram Manohar Lohia

Ram Manohar Lohia (23 March 1910 – 12 October 1967) was an activist in the Indian independence movement and a socialist political leader. During the last phase of British rule in India, he worked with the Congress Radio which was broadcast secretly from various places in Bombay until 1942.

Early life
Ram Manohar Lohia was born on 23 March 1910 in a Marwari Bania family  at Akbarpur in modern-day Uttar Pradesh. His mother died in 1912, when he was just two years old, and he was later brought up by his father Hiralal who never remarried. A lady belonging to the Barber community who was the family's domestic help, brought him up in his early years. In 1918 he accompanied his father to Bombay where he completed his high school education. He attended the Banaras Hindu University to complete his intermediate and work after standing first in his school's matriculation examinations in 1927. He then joined the Vidyasagar College, under the University of Calcutta and in 1929, earned his B.A. degree. He decided to attend Frederick William University (today's Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany), choosing it over the educational institutes in Britain, to convey his dim view of British philosophy. He soon learnt German and received financial assistance based on his outstanding academic performance, studying national economy as his major subject as a doctoral student from 1929 to 1933.

Lohia wrote his Ph.D. thesis paper on the topic of Salt Taxation in India, focusing on Gandhi's socio-economic theory.

National movement
Lohia was one of the founders of the Congress Socialist Party and editor of its mouthpiece Congress Socialist. In 1936, he was selected by Jawaharlal Nehru as the secretary of the Foreign Department of the All India Congress Committee (A.I.C.C), the highest body of the Congress Party. By the time he quit that responsibility in 1938, Lohia started to develop his own political standpoint by critically examining positions held by the Gandhian leadership of the Congress and the Communists who had poured into the CSP. In June 1940, he was arrested and sentenced to a jail term of two years for delivering anti-war speeches. Already released by the end of 1941, Lohia became one of the leading figures of the Central Directorate which clandestinely tried to organise the Quit India revolt, sparked by Gandhi in August 1942. Captured in May 1944, he was incarcerated and tortured in Lahore Fort. As one of the last high security prisoners, Lohia, together with Jayaprakash Narayan, was finally released on 11 April 1946. He was the one who gave the idea of sapta kranti.

Later political career
As a member of the Congress Socialist Party Lohia joined with that party when it left Congress. He remained a member of the Socialist Party when it fused in 1952 with the Kisan Majdoor Praja Party to form the Praja Socialist Party. Unhappy with the new party Lohia led a split from it to reform the Socialist Party (Lohia) in 1956. He lost to Nehru in 1962 general election in Phulpur. In 1963 Lohia became a member of the Lok Sabha after a by-election in Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency) and in 1965 merged the Socialist Party (Lohia) into the ranks of the Samyukta Socialist Party. The two socialist factions merged, split and re-merged several times. In 1967, Lohia played an instrumental role in formation of the first non-Congress government in Uttar Pradesh. This alliance was formed by Lohia and Bharatiya Jan Sangh leader Nanaji Deshmukh He won Lok Sabha general election of 1967 from Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency), but died a few months later.

Major writings in English

 * The Caste System: Hyderabad, Navahind [1964] 147 p.
 * Foreign Policy: Aligarh, P.C. Dwadash Shreni, [1963?] 381 p.
 * Fragments of World Mind: Maitrayani Publishers & Booksellers; Allahabad [1949] 262 p.
 * Fundamentals of a World Mind: ed. by K.S. Karanth. Bombay, Sindhu Publications, [1987] 130 p.
 * Guilty Men of India’s Partition: Lohia Samata Vidyalaya Nyas, Publication Dept.,[1970] 103 p.
 * India, China, and Northern Frontiers: Hyderabad, Navahind [1963] 272 p.
 * Interval During Politics: Hyderabad, Navahind [1965] 197 p.
 * Marx, Gandhi and Socialism: Hyderabad, Navahind [1963] 550 p.
 * Collected Works of Dr Lohia A nine volume set edited by veteran Socialist writer Dr Mastram Kapoor in English and published by Anamika Publications, New Delhi.
 * Bandh Samrat - Tales of Eternal Rebel George Fernandes: Chris Emmanuel Dsouza, Bangalore, Cleverfox Publications[2022] 27 p.

Writings in Kannada Translation

 * The complete works of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia were translated and published in six volumes by the Government of Karnataka at the subsidized price.
 * There were lot of books available in Kannada about Lohia and also many private publications published the works of Lohia.

Memorials

 * Avadh University in Faizabad was renamed as "Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University".
 * The Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University in Lucknow, one of India's top National law schools, is named after him.
 * 18th June Road, in Panjim, Goa, is named after him. It was that date in 1946 where he launched an agitation against colonial rule.
 * The Willingdon Hospital of New Delhi was renamed Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital in the 1970s. Ram Manohar Lohia died in this hospital due to health complications following a surgery.
 * Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical institute for undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Lucknow.
 * Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Bhawan is a community hall in his hometown of Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar and is the only memorial in his name.

title: Ram Manohar Lohia


text: User talk:81.244.156.149

title: User talk:81.244.156.149


text:
Josh Arieh

Josh Arieh (born September 26, 1974, in Rochester, New York) is an American professional poker player. Arieh has been competing in poker competitions since 1999.

Tournament history
Arieh finished in third place for $2,500,000 in the 2004 World Series of Poker (WSOP) Main Event. He has a World Series of Poker title in Limit Texas hold 'em in 1999 and a 2nd-place finish at the 2000 World Series of Poker Pot Limit Omaha event to Johnny Chan. At the 2005 World Series of Poker, he won his second bracelet by defeating Chris Ferguson in a Pot Limit Omaha event. Arieh finished runner-up in the 2014 World Series of Poker $5,000 No Limit Hold'em - Eight Handed (Event #35).

At 2021 World Series of Poker, Arieh won two bracelets to give him four for his career. He finished ahead of Phil Hellmuth to earn the WSOP Player of the Year honors.

At the 2023 WSOP, Arieh won two bracelets in the $10,000 Limit Hold'em Championship Event and the $25,000 H.O.R.S.E. Event.

As of 2023, Arieh is one of only three people to have finished 3rd place or better in the World Series of Poker Main Event, as well as finish 2nd place or better in the 2019 $50,000 buy-in The Poker Players Championship WSOP event. The only other two players to do so in both events, are Poker Hall of Famers: Scotty Nguyen, and Phil Hellmuth.

Through the 2023 World Series of Poker, Arieh has won six World Series of Poker bracelets, won in three different decades, he has finished runner up in 3 different WSOP events, and he has made it to over 20 World Series of Poker final tables.

In May 2006, he won the Calvin Ayre Wild Card Poker Tournament in San Jose for $500,000.

Arieh has made two final tables on the World Poker Tour. He also has several other tournament victories and final table television appearances.

As of June 2023, his total live tournament winnings exceed $12,000,000. Most of his tournament winnings, over $9,000,000, have come at the World Series of Poker.

Personality
Arieh has the reputation as something of a divisive figure, often relying on verbal bullying when trying to force a hand. He has earned the friendship and respect of many of his competitors, but has also committed several faux pas during his career, lambasting Harry Demetriou after an important hand in the Main Event of the 2004 World Series of Poker and, after being eliminated from that tournament, pulling one of the remaining players (David Williams) aside and whispering a censored remark referring to the other remaining opponent, eventual champion Greg Raymer. He subsequently apologized after both incidents.

Arieh is friends with former professional baseball player John Smoltz. Arieh was Smoltz's caddy when Smoltz attempted to qualify for the U.S. Open Championship in 2010.

title: Josh Arieh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/No-Grain Diet

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. NSR (talk) 12:21, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

No-Grain Diet

 * Delete. Commercial BS. Ink 13:20, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewritten article. wasn't meant to be commercial in any way, it was just sort of a stub. 210.213.141.1 14:35, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mercola is undeniably a quack but this is a relatively neutral article about his diet. Rhobite 08:19, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good article, bad subject. Keep. Agentsoo 10:42, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. --DrTorstenHenning 15:55, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:82.111.114.239

title: User talk:82.111.114.239


text:
Talk:J. G. Greig

untitled
I am 'claiming' Greig as an Indian cricketer - just as Ranji is an English cricketer. He was a very large figure in contemporary Indian cricket, and was the batsman that the opponents wanted to get out while playing against the Europeans. When compared to this, his contribution to Hampshire cricket was almost nothing. Had India achieved Test status, 30 years before they did, it is probable that Grieg would have played for them - and probably captained them. So he deserves to be honoured as an Indian cricketer, more than as an English cricketer. Tintin 13:21, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:J. G. Greig


text:
Pinto, Madrid

Pinto is a municipality in the Community of Madrid, Spain. It is located in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula at an altitude of 604 meters, 20 kilometers south of Madrid, and covers 62.7 square kilometers. In 2018, Pinto had a population of 51,541. It is home to the Torre de Pinto, the Pinto Castle, and the Éboli Tower, which is a 14th-century tower used as a prison for nobles who fell out of favor with the king.

Name
The name may seemingly originate from the Latin ('tincted' or 'coloured').

History
In the wake of the border conflict between the lands of Segovia and Madrid in the middle ages, the border was settled in a 1239 resolution, which established Pinto as a hamlet of Madrid, bordering with the sexmo of Valdemoro (an exclave of Segovia). The hamlet of Pinto was segregated from the jurisdiction of the land of Madrid in 1331 and granted to Martín Fernández de Toledo. However, the decision was overruled in 1132, and the hamlet returned to Madrid. Pinto became a seigneurial domain again in 1350, when Peter I granted the place to Íñigo López de Orozco, although it continued to be claimed by Madrid for decades to come.

Symbols
The blazon of the coat of arms reads as follows:

"Jaquelado de quince escaques, ocho de oro y siete de gules, cargado con la figura de un globo terráqueo de azur, con los continentes en oro y un punto de gules en el centro de la península ibérica. Al timbre corona real de España. Checkered with fifteen squares, eight of gold and seven of gules, plated with a figure of a globe azure, with the continents in gold and a point in gules in the center of the Iberian Peninsula. Topped with the Spanish royal crown"

Location
Pinto has a typical Castilian plateau landscape, with heavy urban expansion due to its proximity to the capital. The Arroyo de los Prados is a stream that passes through the village that was first cultivated in 1967. It is a tributary of the Arroyo Culebro, which also runs through the village, creating the border between Pinto and Getafe.

The area is also subject to flooding that occurs as a result of the Arroyo de los Prados rising.

In the southwest of the town lies the last remaining wetland of the municipality, Los Estragales, where up to 130 different types of birds have been identified.

Boundaries

 * North: Getafe
 * South: Torrejón de Velasco and Valdemoro
 * East: San Martín de la Vega
 * West: Parla and Fuenlabrada

Climate
Pinto has a Mediterranean climate with hot summers that can reach up to 40 °C and cold winters that can drop below 0 °C. Rainfall is scarce, with approximately 450 mm of precipitation annually, with autumn and spring being the rainiest seasons. Snowfalls, which, in the past, were relatively abundant, now occur infrequently.

Demography
According to the 2018 census, the total population of Pinto had risen to 51,541 inhabitants.

Politics and government
 Mayors

Municipal politics after the transition
In 1979, with the arrival of democracy, Carlos Penit, the head of the regional Communist Party of Spain (PCE), became the first mayor of Pinto, and was reelected in 1983, 1987, and 1991.

In 1993, Gloria Razábal was elected by the municipal council, making her the first female mayor of Pinto.

In 1995, Antonio Fernández, leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), became the mayor by a margin of 25 votes. He was reelected in the years 1999 and 2003 with a majority. Due to accusations of corruption, he resigned in 2005, and Juan Tendero became mayor.

Pinto was considered a left-wing enclave until 2007 when the conservative Popular Party (PP) put itself within 3 points of the governing PSOE. After managing to double its share of votes from 21% to 42% in the prior four years, PP was then able to go into coalition with Juntos por Pinto (Together for Pinto; JpP) to govern with a stable majority and proclaim Miriam Rabaneda as the mayor of Pinto.

The legislature was full of political tension. A councillor from Juntos por Pinto, Reyes Maestre, changed his mind concerning a motor space project, supporting its construction. This provoked a crisis within the PP-JpP government. On 22 December 2008 a motion of censure was presented by PSOE/IU/JpP against the Popular Party and PSOE member Juan José Martín Nieto was proclaimed as the new mayor, obtaining a majority in the municipal council. The political tension in Pinto was constant. In February 2010, the former mayor Miriam Rabaneda and her sister Tamara Rabaneda, former councillor of the Treasury, were charged for alleged malfeasance due to irregularities in the municipal accounts. The case was subsequently dismissed by a court in the town of Parla. In October 2010, Reyes Maestre was terminated as deputy mayor by the mayor of Pinto.

In the municipal elections on 22 May 2011, the Popular Party won another majority and Miriam Rabaneda took back the mayorship of the municipality from Juan José Martín Nieto. These elections led to the emergence of the party UPyD in Pinto, which won two seats, thus becoming a new political force represented in the City Council. The electorate punished Juntos por Pinto, then headed by Reyes Mastre, as well as the United Left party (IU), which gained no representation.

In 2015, the municipal elections held that no party had managed to obtain an absolute majority, with UPyD losing both of its seats. In these elections, the party Ganemos Pinto (a coalition between several minor parties, including Podemos) gained seven seats alongside PP, PSOE, which gained five, and Ciudadanos with two. An alliance between Ganemos Pinto and PSOE granted Rafael Sánchez Romero the mayorship.

Main sights

 * Ermita de San Antón ("Saint Anthony Abbot hermitage") — Its environment was transformed after the construction of a nearby mall. The hermitage was rebuilt during the 19th century.
 * Ermita del Cristo ("Christ hermitage") — In its interior is a crucified Christ that is popular with pilgrims.
 * Iglesia parroquial de Santo Domingo de Silos ("Parish of Saint Dominic of Silos")
 * Torre de Eboli ("Tower of Eboli) — The Princess of Eboli was imprisoned in this location.
 * Centro Cultural Infanta Cristina — It was thought until recently that this building, then known as Casa de la Cadena ("House of the Chain"), provided accommodation for the Catholic Monarchs, but serious historical studies have disproved such a possibility.
 * Centro Municipal de Cultura ("Local Culture Center")
 * Teatro Municipal Francisco Rabal ("Francisco Rabal Town Theatre")
 * Parque Juan Carlos I ("Juan Carlos I Park")

Notable people

 * Alberto Contador — twice winner of the Tour de France, twice winner of the Giro d'Italia, and three time winner of the Vuelta a España
 * Sandra Aguilar — Olympic medalist in rhythmic gymnastics

title: Pinto, Madrid


text:
User talk:Tfelice

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --JYolkowski // talk 13:24, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
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Hello Tfelice! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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title: User talk:Tfelice


text:
Ellen Datlow

Ellen Datlow (born December 31, 1949) is an American science fiction, fantasy, and horror editor and anthologist. She is a winner of the World Fantasy Award and the Bram Stoker Award (Horror Writers Association).

Career
Datlow began her career working for Holt, Rinehart and Winston for three years, as well as doing a stint at Crown Publishing Group. She went on to be fiction editor at Omni magazine and Omni Online from 1981 through 1998, and edited the ten associated Omni anthologies. She co-edited the Year's Best Fantasy and Horror series from 1988 to 2008 (with Terri Windling until 2003, later with Gavin Grant and Kelly Link until the series ended ). She was also editor of the webzine Event Horizon: Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror from 1998 to 1999, as well as Sci Fiction until it ceased publication on December 28, 2005.

Datlow has edited the anthologies Nebula Awards Showcase 2009, Darkness: Two Decades of Horror (2010), Hauntings (2013), Queen Victoria's Book of Spells (with Terri Windling, Tor Books, 2013), Lovecraft's Monsters (2014), The Cutting Room (2014), The Monstrous (2015), Nightmares (Tachyon Publications, 2016), The Doll Collection (2016), Mad Hatters and March Hares (2017), The Devil and the Deep (2018), and When Things Get Dark (2021).

She now edits The Best Horror of the Year, published by Night Shade Books. This is an annual compendium of selected horror fiction and poetry published in the previous year. It has included work by notable writers including Laird Barron, Stephen Graham Jones, Michael Marshall Smith, Joe R. Lansdale, and Nicholas Royle.

Awards and recognition

Datlow won the Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor in 2002 and 2005, and the Hugo Award for Best Short Form Editor in 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017. Her editing work has also been recognized with five Bram Stoker Awards, ten World Fantasy Awards, two International Horror Guild Awards for Best Anthology, three Shirley Jackson Awards for Best Anthology, and twelve Locus Awards for Best Editor. She was named recipient of the 2007 Karl Edward Wagner Award, given at the British Fantasy Convention, for "outstanding contribution to the genre". In 2011, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Horror Writers Association. She is a longtime trustee of the Horror Writers Association and has been a co-host of the Fantastic Fiction reading series at the KGB Bar since 2000.

Selected list of awards

 * 1989 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, The Year's Best Fantasy: First Annual Collection (with Terri Windling)
 * 1990 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, The Year's Best Fantasy: Second Annual Collection (with Terri Windling)
 * 1992 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror: Fourth Annual Collection (with Terri Windling)
 * 1995 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, Little Deaths
 * 1995 World Fantasy Special Award, professional
 * 2000 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, Silver Birch, Blood Moon (with Terri Windling)
 * 2003 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, The Green Man (with Terri Windling)
 * 2007 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, Salon Fantastique (with Terri Windling)
 * 2008 World Fantasy Award for Best Anthology, Inferno
 * 2010 Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement
 * 2014 World Fantasy Award for Lifetime Achievement
 * 2020 Hugo Award for Best Editor, Short Form
 * 2020 Bram Stoker Award for Superior Achievement in an Anthology, Echoes: The Saga Anthology of Ghost Stories

title: Ellen Datlow


text:
Bassel al-Assad

Bassel al-Assad (بَاسِلُ ٱلْأَسَدِ; 23 March 1962 – 21 January 1994) was a Syrian engineer, colonel, equestrian and politician who was the eldest son of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and the older brother of (later) President Bashar al-Assad. It was widely expected that he would succeed his father as President of Syria until he died in a car crash in 1994.

Early life and education
Bassel al-Assad was born on 23 March 1962. He was trained as a civil engineer, and he held a PhD in military sciences. He said about his childhood:

Career
Trained in parachuting, he was commissioned in the Special Forces and later switched to the armoured corps after training in the Soviet Military Academies. He rapidly progressed through the ranks, becoming a major and then commander of a brigade in the Republican Guard.

After his father recovered from a serious illness in 1984, Bassel began to accompany him and he emerged on the national scene in 1987, when he won several equestrian medals at a regional tournament. The Ba'ath Party press in Syria eulogised him as the "Golden Knight" because of his prowess on horseback. He also had a reputation for an interest in fast cars, and his friends described him as charismatic and commanding. Assad was soon appointed Head of Presidential Security. In addition, he launched the Syrian Computer Society in 1989, which was later headed by Bashar.

Originally Assad's uncle, Rifaat al-Assad, was Hafez's chosen successor but Rifaat attempted to usurp power from Hafez while the latter was in a coma in 1984. This led to Rifaat's exile. Following the incident, Bassel was groomed to succeed his father. Hafez's efforts intensified to make Bassel the next President of Syria in the early 1990s; after Hafez's election victory in 1991, the President was publicly referred to as "Abu Basil" (Father of Bassel). Assad was also being introduced to European and Arab leaders; he was a close friend of the children of King Hussein of Jordan, especially Haya bint Hussein who also enjoyed equestrianism, and had been also introduced to King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.

Assad had a significant role in Lebanese affairs, and was known to Lebanese leaders of all sects. He organised a highly publicised anti-corruption campaign within the government and frequently appeared in full military uniform at official receptions to signal the government's commitment to the armed forces.

Personal life
Aside from his native Arabic, Bassel is said to have spoken French and Russian fluently. According to leaked United States diplomatic cables, he had a relationship with a Lebanese woman, Siham Asseily who later married Lebanese journalist and deputy Gebran Tueni.

His older sister, Bushra, could not marry Assef Shawkat until his death, as he rejected that marriage.

Death
On 21 January 1994, while he was driving his luxury Mercedes at a high speed (author Paul Theroux reports Bassel was driving at 240 kph through fog to Damascus International Airport for a privately chartered flight to Frankfurt, Germany, on his way to a ski vacation in the Alps in the early hours of the morning),  Bassel collided with a barrier and, not wearing a seatbelt, died instantly. Hafez Makhlouf was with him and was hospitalized with injuries after the accident, and a chauffeur in the back seat was unhurt.

Assad's body was taken to Al Assad University Hospital and then buried in Qardaha, where his father's body was also later buried.

Legacy
After his death, shops, schools and public offices in Syria closed, and the sale of alcohol was suspended in respect. He was elevated by the state into "the martyr of the country, the martyr of the nation and the symbol for its youth".

A great number of squares and streets were named after him. The new international swimming complex, various hospitals, sporting clubs and a military academy were named after him. The international airport in Latakia was named after him, Bassel Al-Assad International Airport. His statue is found in several Syrian cities, and even after his death, he is often pictured on billboards with his father and brother. He also has an equestrian statue in Aleppo, and formerly in Chtaura, Lebanon.

On 17 November 2020, a museum dedicated to him was inaugurated at the Latakia Sports City.

Bassel Assad's death led to his lesser-known brother Bashar al-Assad, who was then undertaking postgraduate training in ophthalmology in London, assuming the mantle of president-in-waiting. Bashar became President following the death of his father, on 10 June 2000.

title: Bassel al-Assad


text:
Pirates of the Mississippi

Pirates of the Mississippi were an American country music band founded in 1987 in Nashville, Tennessee. The original members were Bill McCorvey (lead vocals, guitar), Rich Alves (lead guitar, background vocals), Jimmy Lowe (drums), Pat Severs (steel guitar, Dobro), and Dean Townson (bass guitar, background vocals). Severs quit in 1994 and was briefly replaced with Greg Trostle. The band recorded for Capitol Records, Liberty Records, and Giant Records between 1990 and 1995. They also charted nine singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, the most successful being "Feed Jake", which went to number 15 in 1991. After disbanding in 1996, both Alves and McCorvey went on to write songs for other artists. In 2006, the two reunited under the Pirates of the Mississippi name, releasing an additional album titled Heaven and a Dixie Night before disbanding again. Pirates of the Mississippi are known for a country rock sound, and they received significant media attention for sociopolitical messages in some of their songs.

History
Bill McCorvey, founder of Pirates of the Mississippi, had moved from Montgomery, Alabama, to Nashville, Tennessee, in the 1980s with the intent of pursuing a career in country music. When he was initially unable to do so, he supported himself financially by working various jobs. These included building houses and filling envelopes in a warehouse. While doing so he befriended Rich Alves and the two began writing songs together. Their original intent was to provide "up-tempo" material for Conway Twitty to record, but most of this material was not selected by him. Because of this, McCorvey and Alves decided to recruit other musicians to form a band and play the songs themselves. McCorvey served as lead vocalist, with Alves on lead guitar and backing vocals. Completing the original lineup were steel guitar and Dobro player Pat Severs, bass guitarist and backing vocalist Dean Townson, and drummer Jimmy Lowe. The five members began performing together in 1987. Severs had played in Eddie Rabbitt's band before becoming a session musician, Lowe was a computer programmer, and Townson worked at an aviation factory. The five of them began rehearsing in Lowe's basement at night and decided to pursue a full-time career as a band after noting that neighbors would come over and listen to their music. They began performing at various events across the Southeastern United States. The band originally took the name The Cloggers after they were entertained by a group of dancers wearing clogs at a gig in Smyrna, Georgia.

The Cloggers were discovered in the late 1980s by an artists and repertoire (A&R) agent for Universal Records, then a new record label owned by record producer Jimmy Bowen. Executives at the label disliked the band's name and suggested that they change it. They chose the name Pirates of the Mississippi after a song they had written about Lowe, whom they thought resembled a pirate. The band's debut album was finished by 1988, but its release was delayed until 1990 due to Universal being bought out by Capitol Records' Nashville division. In the meantime, Alves co-wrote the singles "Time In" by The Oak Ridge Boys and "Southern Star" by Alabama, the latter of which went to number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in early 1990. He and McCorvey also co-wrote "Karma Road" for the group Trader-Price (who were also signed to Capitol by way of the Universal merger) on their 1990 debut album.

1990–1992: Pirates of the Mississippi and Walk the Plank
In June 1990, after the merger of Universal was completed, Capitol released the band's self-titled debut album. Alves produced the album with James Stroud. Pirates of the Mississippi produced four chart singles on the Billboard country charts between 1990 and 1991. The first single selected was a cover of Hank Williams' "Honky Tonk Blues". According to McCorvey, the cover of "Honky Tonk Blues" was not originally intended to be on the album but was added because label executives thought the other songs on the album were not strong enough to serve as a lead single. The band members chose "Honky Tonk Blues" because it was the first song they had performed together. Upon release, this song peaked at number 26 on the country charts. Although the follow-up "Rollin' Home" peaked outside the top 40, the album's third single "Feed Jake" became the band's biggest hit at number 15. The song received a music video directed by Deaton-Flanigen Productions. This was one of the first country music videos not to show the artist in it at all. "Feed Jake" was the band's most popular song with fans and was described in 1993 as their signature song. "Speak of the Devil", the last single from Pirates of the Mississippi, also made the country top 40.

Pirates of the Mississippi accounted for two awards for the band. These were Top New Group from Radio & Records in 1990 and Top New Vocal Group award from the Academy of Country Music a year later. Brian Mansfield wrote in Allmusic that the album "is a cross between Alabama country and Southern rock...There are a few twists, though, namely a Guy Clark song...and a surf-country instrumental." Pirates of the Mississippi was certified gold by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (now known as Music Canada) in 1993, a certification which at the time honored shipments of 50,000 copies. In the United States, the album sold over 370,000 copies.

1991's Walk the Plank was the band's second album. Alves continued to produce, doing so with Bowen this time. Lead single "Fighting for You" peaked at number 41 on the country charts upon release. According to Robert K. Oermann of The Tennessean, this was due to radio programmers considering the song "too downbeat". Follow-up singles "Til I'm Holding You Again" and "Too Much" (the latter written by Guy Clark and Lee Roy Parnell) were minor chart hits. Between the band's first two albums, the members performed all instruments themselves except for the synthesized strings on "Feed Jake" and "Fighting for You". These were performed by John Kelton, also the sound engineer on those albums. McCorvey thought the songs on Walk the Plank were "stronger" than those on the first album and that the production was closer to the sound of the band's concerts. Mansfield said of Walk the Plank that the "Allman Brothers cops are more exciting than their stone-country material, although that's certainly competent enough." He also thought that "Til I'm Holding You Again" showed influences of soul music. Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly praised the band's sense of humor, but thought that the album's sounds and influences were inconsistent.

1992–1994: A Street Man Named Desire and Dream You
After a restructuring of Capitol Nashville, Pirates of the Mississippi were transferred to Liberty Records, where they would release their third album A Street Man Named Desire in 1992. The title track charted at number 56 on the country charts that same year. Members of the band told the Regina Leader-Post that they received calls from representatives of Bill Clinton, the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States in the then-upcoming 1992 United States presidential election. Said representatives wanted the band to endorse Clinton because they thought the song's lyrics would be appealing to his constituency. Severs refused, as he knew that the band members had differing political viewpoints from each other and did not want to involve the band in political matters. Conversely, the song received negative attention from representatives of the Republican Party. Severs stated that an unnamed radio station in a larger market was playing the song regularly but withdrew it from rotation after "a close personal friend" of President George H. W. Bush called the station and asked them to do so. The only other single from the album was "Don't Quit Your Day Job", a song about the band's attempts to combine their music careers with their commercial jobs in their early years. Jack Hurst of Tribune Media wrote that the band "possess a swingy ear-friendliness as well as a gift for the occasional stunning lyric." After this album, Severs injured his back when a light display fell on him during a concert.

Dream You was the band's next album for Liberty, released in 1993. Lowe and Alves told The Tennessean that the band wanted to have a more "mainstream" sound due to the failures of "Fighting for You" and "A Street Man Named Desire". The album included a cover of Hank Thompson's 1952 single "The Wild Side of Life". Mark Wright produced the album and co-wrote two tracks on it. Unlike their previous albums, it included a number of outside writers such as Roger Murrah, Craig Wiseman, Dickey Lee, and Robert Ellis Orrall. The only charted single off Dream You was its title track, which reached number 63 and accounted for the band's final appearance on the Hot Country Songs charts. "Save the Wild Life" was also a single, but it did not chart. An uncredited article in the Victorville, California, Daily Press praised the album for its use of steel guitar, as well as the variety of writers. Mansfield called it "basically a party album". Despite the critical reception, the album was commercially unsuccessful. The editors of Country Music: The Encyclopedia attributed this to the large amount of new musicians on the scene at the time drawing attention away from the band. Because of the album's failure, Liberty dropped Pirates of the Mississippi in 1994 after releasing a greatest-hits package titled The Best of Pirates of the Mississippi. Pat Severs quit the band in mid-1994 to pursue other interests outside of music. The other four members auditioned multiple steel guitarists, and by October 1994 they had selected Greg Trostle as his replacement.

1994–1996: Paradise and disbanding
Later in 1994, the band began recording new songs with Stroud. They signed with Giant Records in late 1994 and released their first single and video for the label by year's end. Titled "You Could Do Better", the song failed to chart and did not appear on an album. The band's next single release for Giant was "Paradise" in 1995. A review in Billboard described the song's lyrics as "simplistic" but praised McCorvey's singing. This would serve as the title track to their only Giant album, Paradise. By this point, Trostle had left the band as well, and session musician Paul Franklin played steel guitar on the album. Other contributing musicians included guitarist Dann Huff, pianist Johnny Neel, and backing vocalists John Wesley Ryles and Curtis Wright. David Malloy produced the album, collaborating with Stroud on seven of the ten tracks. The album's closing track was a live rendition of "Feed Jake". Shawn Ryan of New Country magazine praised the album for its "upbeat romps" and "songs with a keen eye for detailing the heart of blue-collar life with respect and affection". Writing for The Ottawa Citizen, Susan Beyer praised the "everyday attitudes" of the lyrics, also calling McCorvey's singing voice "capable of great tenderness and power". John Anderson released the title track as a single in early 1996 for an album also titled Paradise on which Stroud was also a producer.

Pirates of the Mississippi disbanded in 1996 due to the band members tiring of their constant touring schedule. Prior to their retirement, they were playing about 250 shows a year. They held a farewell tour which lasted most of the year, with their last show being at the county fair in Isle of Wight County, Virginia. McCorvey did a number of shows that same year in Montgomery, Alabama, with a new set of musicians called the Bill McCorvey Band. Most of these shows were charity concerts for the American Cancer Society. After the band broke up, both McCorvey and Alves continued to work as songwriters in Nashville. McCorvey co-wrote Montgomery Gentry's 1999 hit "Lonely and Gone". Alves co-wrote Mark Wills and Jamie O'Neal's late-2001 duet "I'm Not Gonna Do Anything Without You", as well as the Rascal Flatts album track "From Time to Time". Pat Severs became a session musician in addition to joining the house band on Nashville Star, a singing competition which aired on both USA Network and NBC at the beginning of the 21st century. Trostle continued to work as a session musician and sold handmade furniture.

2006–2007: Heaven and a Dixie Night
In 2006, Alves and McCorvey decided to reunite as Pirates of the Mississippi. The two of them thought that reviving the band had potential due to a rise of rock-influenced country in the intervening years. They wrote a number of songs together for an album titled Heaven and a Dixie Night, released on the Evergreen label that year. "Kickin' Up Dust" served as the project's lead single. Jason MacNeil of AllMusic gave the project a mixed review, praising McCorvey's voice and the country rock influences of the more uptempo tracks, but also criticizing other tracks as containing "typical country music fodder". Pirates of the Mississippi played shows in local venues in Alabama and Tennessee before disbanding again in 2007. McCorvey founded an acoustic trio called Buffalo Rome before retiring from music in 2010 to open a liquor store in Brentwood, Tennessee. Dean Townson died of unknown causes on March 25, 2010, at the age of 50.

Musical styles
Pirates of the Mississippi's style features elements of country rock. Rick Harmon of The Montgomery Advertiser described their style as having influences ranging from Led Zeppelin to Happy Goodman Family, also calling their style a "smoldering boogie". Because of their country rock influences, the band was frequently compared to The Kentucky Headhunters, a country rock band who made their chart debut in 1989. As Pirates of the Mississippi's album was recorded before the Kentucky Headhunters' debut but not released until later, McCorvey thought that the initial commercial success of The Kentucky Headhunters had made country radio more accepting of a band with rock influences in the early 1990s. Robert K. Oermann wrote in The Tennessean that the band had a "rootsy, raucous, casual country rock blend". In the same article, Alves stated that he intended for the band not to have an individual image unlike other contemporary bands, as he thought well-written songs would serve as an image on their own. McCorvey said that he was inspired by Southern rock acts he listened to growing up. He also stated that he preferred to write most of the band's music with Alves, but was open to outside material if he thought it was suitable. Bernard Pilon of The Leader-Post described McCorvey as having a "gravelled edge reminiscent of blues man Jeff Healey", with Pete Swanson of the Great Falls Tribune noting the "no-frill three-part harmonies" provided by Townson and Alves.

Many of the band's songs feature sociopolitical themes in the lyrics, although Severs said this was not a primary intention of theirs. "Feed Jake" received media attention for including a lyric supportive of the gay community. According to McCorvey, some stations refused to play the song for this reason, thus impacting its position on the charts. The editors of The Encyclopedia of Country Music also considered the song unusual in the band's discography, as it was a ballad compared to the "bar band attitude" of their other releases. The song's video portrays a relationship between two men, one of whom dies at the end. Because of this storyline, some viewers thought the video portrayed a gay relationship, while others thought the man who died was a soldier in the Gulf War. Representatives of Deaton-Flanigen Productions stated the video was not intended to have any individual meaning. McCorvey wrote "A Street Man Named Desire", which is about a man who becomes homeless upon losing his job, after noticing fans who attended meet-and-greets at radio stations would often say they were unable to afford going to the band's concerts because they had just lost their jobs. Despite the song's failure at radio, the band performed a number of charity concerts to assist homeless and low-income individuals.

Members

 * Rich Alves – background vocals, lead guitar (1987–1996, 2006–2007)
 * Jimmy Lowe – drums (1987–1996)
 * Bill McCorvey – lead vocals, guitar (1987–1996, 2006–2007)
 * Pat Severs – steel guitar, Dobro (1987–1994)
 * Dean Townson – bass guitar, vocals (1987–1996)
 * Greg Trostle – steel guitar, Dobro (1994)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Pirates of the Mississippi (1990)
 * Walk the Plank (1991)
 * A Street Man Named Desire (1992)
 * Dream You (1993)
 * Paradise (1995)
 * Heaven and a Dixie Night (2006)
 * Compilations
 * The Best of Pirates of the Mississippi (1994)

title: Pirates of the Mississippi