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Musky rat-kangaroo

The musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodon moschatus) is a small marsupial found only in the rainforests of northeastern Australia. First described in the later 19th century, the only other species are known from fossil specimens. They are similar in appearance to potoroos and bettongs, but are not as closely related. Their omnivorous diet is known to include materials such as fruit and fungi, as well as small animals such as insects and other invertebrates.

Taxonomy
The description of this species, assigned to a new genus Hypsiprymnodon, was published in 1876 by Edward Pierson Ramsay, a curator at the Australian Museum. The syntypes are part of the museum's collection, mounted specimens of a male and female collected at Rockingham Bay, Queensland. Ramsay's specimens were obtained during European settlement of northeastern Australia on an expedition toward the Herbert River. A description of the species was provided by Richard Owen in the year after Ramsay's publication, the name Pleopus nudicaudatus, describing the five toes of the hind foot and its scaly, naked tail, is now regarded as a synonym. Ramsay had provisionally assigned the species to the genus Hypsiprymnus, but in his review of the dentition he proposed to separate them to a new genus. Hypsiprymnodon moschatus has been placed with the subfamily Hypsiprymnodontinae of the family Potoroidae, the most recent classification places it in the family Hypsiprymnodontidae with prehistoric taxa.

The specific epithet is derived from Latin term moschatus, meaning musky. The description as a new species of 'rat-kangaroo' was the last of the 19th century, bringing the total to nine species, and no other new species would be formally described for another 90 years.

Description
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus is the smallest species of the macropod order, weighing around 500 g. The total length of the head and body is 155 to 270 mm, the weight range 360 to 680 g. Sexual dimorphism is not readily apparent in this species, although the females may be slightly larger. They have a long black tail, measuring from 125 to 160 mm. The appearance of the tail is scaly, rather than hairy, and proportionally shorter than the length of the head and body. Their ears are also nearly hairless and appear leathery. The pelage is a uniform, deep and rich brown colour with reddish highlights over most of the body, the head and lower parts are somewhat greyish. The dark and chocolatey colour of the fur distinguish them from the other living 'rat-kangaroos'. A steel grey colour at the head grades into the rich brown of the body. The feet of H. moschatus are blackish and, uniquely among the macropods, have five toes at the hind foot. A band of white, variously slight to distinct, appears from the belly toward the throat. The animal emits a noticeable musky odour.

Dentition of the species resembles that of the extant potoroids, but for that family's incisor formula of I3/1. The dental formula of H. moschatus is I3/2 C1/0 PM1/1 M4/4. Two premolars found in juveniles are replaced at maturity when a single sectorial premolar erupts. The sequence of emerging molars and premolars allows the age of the individual to be determined. Hypsiprymnodon moschatus have a fine and delicate skull structure with a rostrum that is narrow and elongate. A long nasal bone structure and distance between the canine and premolar teeth is large.

Distribution and habitat
The species only occurs in the northeastern part of the continent. They may be locally common in remaining areas of extensive rainforest and can occur at high and low elevations. The distribution range extends from west of Ingham, Queensland at Mt. Lee to Mt. Amos south of Cooktown. They are found in low altitude rainforests, such as Cape Tribulation and Mission Beach, and within the montane habitat of the Carbine, Atherton and Windsor tableland regions. The population density of H. moschatus is from 1.40 to 4.50 animals per hectare.

Behaviour
A usually solitary animal that is only active during the day, distinguishing them from the nocturnal habits of the rat-kangaroos in the Potoroidae family. They are most active in the morning and afternoon, retiring to their shelter during the middle of the day. They are mostly terrestrial, foraging at the forest floor, although they are able to move through the branches of the lower vegetation.

A nest is roughly constructed at a site where the animal shelters while sleeping. Observations of the behaviour within its dense habitat presented difficulties to early field work, however, the use of a thread, lightly glued to the animal and fed from a spool, allowed the activity and range of males and females to be more accurately evaluated. The individual ranges overlap in both their foraging and nest site. Males may venture out in a range from 0.8 to 4.2 hectares, while females are recorded foraging over a smaller sized area of up to 2.2 ha. Although they are usually solitary in the activities, several may gather to feed at fallen fruit.

Their omnivorous diet comprises fruits and fungi along with some insects and other invertebrates, found among the leaf litter and lower storey of the rainforest. The composition of the diet has been described as omnivorous, perhaps with reduced capacity for the carnivory of some fossil species of propleonines, but other records suggest the diet is largely frugivorous.

Aggressive behaviours between males may be displayed during the austral spring and summer months, vigorously pursuing each other for around 30 seconds. The male's encounters, sometimes in competition for fruit, increase in frequency during breeding months; physical interactions between the males are restricted to striking with the front paw. Reproductive activity is mostly from October to April, the usual litter size is two offspring. The newborns travel in the pouch of the mother for about 21 weeks, and then are left at the nest while the mother forages until the juveniles are fully weaned. The earliest records note that the animal was elusive and discreet in its nature, and that specimens were difficult to obtain.

Regular activity is conducted on all four limbs, but unlike the bettongs and potoroos, the musky rat-kangaroo bounds using all its paws when moving rapidly. This resembles the characteristic hopping of a rabbit more than that of its macropod relations. It moves by extending its body and then bringing both of its hind legs forward, and uses an opposable toe on the hind foot to climb trees.

Ecology
A number of parasitic species are presumed to be associated with H. moschatus, including internal organisms such as roundworm and tapeworm species and ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, lice and fleas; the identified species of mites (Acari) are those of genera Mesolaelaps and Trichosurolaelaps.

Musky rat-kangaroos have been protected from many of the threatening factors that greatly reduced the potoroine species, and their rainforest habitat has in part remain secluded and conserved. The species remains vulnerable to fragmentation of the population by land clearing, which disrupts the ability to recolonise and increases genetic isolation, Their role in seed dispersal within their range is likewise important to the ecology of their tropical rainforest habitat. By carrying a fleshy fruit away to be consumed, or pressing them into earth as a cache, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus gives advantage to the plant's potential for recruitment. This interaction between plants and mammal has been compared to those on other continents, such as the squirrels and agoutis, and posited as an example of convergent evolution.

The lack of size difference in the sexes corresponds to a limited home range for males, the inability to range beyond the female also allows greater attention to sexual competitors. The high level of overlaps in range of a local populous allows high population densities.

Systematics
After the first description of the species, the musky rat-kangaroo was allied to various familial relationships. Later revisions have strongly indicated deep divergence from the extant potoroid marsupials, Bettongia and Potorous, and separated at the family level as Hypsiprymnodontidae. The discovery of fossil specimens has revealed a more widespread and diverse lineage in Miocene Australia. The placement may be summarised as,
 * Family Hypsiprymnodontidae
 * Subfamily Hypsiprymnodontinae
 * Genus Hypsiprymnodon [extant and fossil species]
 * Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, musky rat-kangaroo
 * Subfamily †Propleopinae [fossil species]

title: Musky rat-kangaroo


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User talk:AnthonyR

Please do not add commercial links (or links to your own private websites) to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. You are, however, encouraged to add content instead of links to the encyclopedia. See the welcome page to learn more. Thanks. Pavel Vozenilek 12:19, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Also please stop insulting people. See No personal attacks, SqueakBox 15:52, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

I also need to point out that if you do it again you would be breaking the 3RR rule, and could result in you being blocked from editing, SqueakBox 15:55, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Because of the way you are spamming it in. Don't treat us as fools. You have destroyed any possibility of this link remaining. We don't like spammers here at wikipedia. Your actions weaken your case. You come across as a dedicated spammer with no interest in contributing to wikipedia, SqueakBox 16:24, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * You have a long history of putting this one link into the article, both as yourself and previouly as IP 81....., where you vandalised User:Pavel Vozenilek's user page. Please consider changing your behaviour if you wish to be an editor here, SqueakBox 16:37, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Nothing against your website but it provides just the same service as dozen of other websites. The Wikipedia article should try to pick /the best/ one of those available, not to be complete list of every site prividing IP address resolution. So I recommend to spend more time on improving service for your potential customers rather than to wage revert war on Wikipedia. If you manage to provide better and more useful utility than the others your website will be fully justified to be listed here. Thanks for understanding. Pavel Vozenilek 17:30, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:AnthonyR


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Hypsiprymnodontidae

The Hypsiprymnodontidae are a family of macropods, one of two families containing animals commonly referred to as rat-kangaroos. The single known extant genus and species in this family, the musky rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, occurs in northern Australia. During the Pleistocene, this family included the megafauna genus Propleopus.

Classification

 * Family Hypsiprymnodontidae
 * Subfamily Hypsiprymnodontinae
 * Genus Hypsiprymnodon
 * Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, musky rat-kangaroo
 * †Hypsiprymnodon bartholomaii
 * †Hypsiprymnodon philcreaseri
 * †Hypsiprymnodon dennisi
 * †Hypsiprymnodon karenblackae
 * Subfamily †Propleopinae Archer and Flannery, 1985
 * Genus †Ekaltadeta
 * †Ekaltadeta ima
 * †Ekaltadeta jamiemulveneyi
 * Genus †Propleopus
 * †Propleopus oscillans
 * †Propleopus chillagoensis
 * †Propleopus wellingtonensis
 * Genus †Jackmahoneyi
 * †Jackmahoneyi toxoniensis
 * Genus †Brachalletes
 * †Brachalletes palmeri

title: Hypsiprymnodontidae


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Elizabeth Spriggs

Elizabeth Jean Spriggs (18 September 1929 – 2 July 2008) was an English character actress.

Spriggs' roles with the Royal Shakespeare Company included Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, Gertrude in Hamlet and Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing. In 1978, she won the Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress for Arnold Wesker's Love Letters on Blue Paper. She received a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 film Sense and Sensibility. Her other films included Richard's Things (1980), Impromptu (1991), Paradise Road (1997) and Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001).

Early life and career
Born in Buxton, Derbyshire, in 1929, Spriggs had an unhappy childhood, later stating that she "grew up entirely without affection". She studied at the Royal College of Music and taught speech and drama in Coventry. Her first marriage at 21 was a disaster and, in what she called "the most painful decision of my life", left her husband and young daughter to pursue her acting dream. "The desire to act was like a weight within me", she later said, "and I knew if I didn't do anything about it, it would destroy me". She wrote to a repertory company in Stockport, Cheshire, asking for a job and was taken on. She worked with many companies, including in Birmingham and Bristol, before joining the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) in 1962.

Stage career
Spriggs was a regular performer with the RSC under Peter Hall until 1976, playing many important Shakespearean roles, including Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, an acclaimed Gertrude in Hamlet opposite David Warner, Calpurnia in Julius Caesar, Mistress Ford in The Merry Wives of Windsor and a witty Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing. She also featured in RSC productions of Edward Albee's A Delicate Balance, Shaw's Major Barbara and Dion Boucicault's comedy London Assurance, playing Lady Gay Spanker alongside Donald Sinden.

In 1976, she moved with Hall from the RSC to the National Theatre when the company's own theatre opened. In the first season she played the eccentric medium Madame Arcati in Blithe Spirit. Among her many other plays for the National were Volpone with Paul Scofield, The Country Wife and Macbeth with Albert Finney. In 1978, Spriggs won the Society of West End Theatre Award for Best Supporting Actress for Arnold Wesker's Love Letters on Blue Paper, playing the wife of a dying trade union leader who recalls their early life together (a part she first played on BBC television in 1976).

Her later stage work included a West End revival of J. B. Priestley's When We Are Married in 1986, and Arsenic and Old Lace at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 1991.

Television and film
Spriggs did not work regularly on television until the mid-1970s. She was in Frederic Raphael's The Glittering Prizes (1976), starred as Eleanor Pressett in the BBC drama We, the Accused (1980), played Connie, the head of a battling South London family in the thirteen-part drama Fox (1980), was Martha in Tales Of The Unexpected (1980) and was the formidable Nan in the ITV comedy series Shine on Harvey Moon (1982–85). She appeared in three plays by Alan Bennett: Afternoon Off (1979), Intensive Care (1982) and Our Winnie (1982). She played Calpurnia and Mistress Quickly for the BBC's Shakespeare series, appeared in Doctor Who in the 1987 Sylvester McCoy serial Paradise Towers and was the titular witch in the Children's BBC series Simon and the Witch (1987).

In 1990, she gave a memorable performance as one of the God-fearing gossips in the BBC adaptation of Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit and in 1992, was in television versions of Kingsley Amis's The Old Devils and Angus Wilson's Anglo-Saxon Attitudes. In 1994, she played the midwife Mrs Gamp in the BBC's adaptation of Charles Dickens's Martin Chuzzlewit and was Mrs Cadwallader in Middlemarch by George Eliot. She continued to work on television, in series like Heartbeat, Midsomer Murders (playing a murder victim in the pilot episode of the series in 1997 and returning in 2006 as the character's identical twin sister) and Poirot.

She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1998, when she was surprised by Michael Aspel at Shepperton Studios.

Her early film appearances included Work Is a Four-Letter Word (1968) and Three into Two Won't Go (1969), both directed by Peter Hall. Her later character roles included Mrs Jennings in Emma Thompson's Oscar-winning adaptation of Sense and Sensibility (1995), a role for which she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (losing out to co-star Kate Winslet) and the Fat Lady in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001). Her final film was Is Anybody There? (2008) with Michael Caine, released shortly after her death.

Personal life and death
Spriggs's first two marriages, to Kenneth Spriggs and a fellow RSC actor, Marshall Jones, were dissolved. In 1977, she married her third husband, Murray Manson, a mini-cab driver and musician whom she had met while performing in London Assurance. She had a daughter from her first marriage.

Spriggs died on 2 July 2008, at the age of 78. Her funeral service and interment took place at Saint Mary the Virgin's Churchyard in Thame, Oxfordshire and was attended by family and friends, including Sinéad Cusack, James Ellis and Lesley Sharp, Jeremy Irons, Robert Hardy and Peter Vaughan, who all paid tribute to their friend and fellow actor.

title: Elizabeth Spriggs


text: Category:Swedish boxers

title: Category:Swedish boxers


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User:Differentgravy

My user page!
My name is Simon. I am a student in the United Kingdom. I enjoy most sports, but football and cricket are my two favourites. Lincoln City F.C. and the England cricket team are the two teams I follow.

I voted for: Danny (Danny Wool), Eloquence (Erik Möller), Kingboyk (Stephen Kennedy), Oscar (Oscar van Dillen), UninvitedCompany (Steve Dunlop)

I LOVE YOUNG BOYS

title: User:Differentgravy


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Arrestable offence

Arrestable offence is a legal term now obsolete in English law and the legal system of Northern Ireland, but still used in the legal system of the Republic of Ireland. The Criminal Law Act 1967 introduced the category to replace the ancient term felony. That Act had been superseded by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which over the next two decades was itself significantly amended to increase police powers of arrest, relating in particular to entry, search following arrest and to custody. In England and Wales, the category "arrestable offence" ceased to exist with the advent on 1 January 2006 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act. In Northern Ireland, it ceased to exist with the advent of the Police and Criminal Evidence (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 2007. In the Republic of Ireland, the Criminal Law Act 1997 abolished the terms felony and misdemeanour and created the term "arrestable offence" in their place.

Definition
Section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 defined an arrestable offence as:
 * An offence for which the sentence is fixed by law; e.g. murder.
 * Offences for which a person 18 years old or older, who had not previously been convicted, could be sentenced to a term of 5 years or more. This constituted the vast majority of offences, including rape, theft, serious assault, burglary and criminal damage.
 * Offences that were listed in Schedule 1A of the Act, which contained a long list of offences that do not attract a 5-year sentence but were considered to require the powers an 'Arrestable Offence' designation confers. Examples included possession of an offensive weapon, ticket touting and driving whilst disqualified.

Other arrest powers
In addition to being able to arrest for an arrestable offence as defined above, section 25 provided further powers of arrest for "non-arrestable offences" in certain circumstances. This had no equivalent in the original 1967 legislation. They were as follows:

 * 1) that the name of the relevant person is unknown to, and cannot be readily ascertained by, the constable,
 * 2) that the constable has reasonable grounds for doubting whether a name furnished by the relevant person as his name is his real name,
 * 3) that:
 * 4) the relevant person has failed to furnish a satisfactory address for service, or
 * 5) the constable has reasonable grounds for doubting whether an address furnished by the relevant person is a satisfactory address for service,
 * 6) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent the relevant person:
 * 7) causing physical injury to himself or any other person,
 * 8) suffering physical injury,
 * 9) causing loss of or damage to property,
 * 10) committing an offence against public decency (where members of the public going about their normal business cannot reasonably be expected to avoid the person to be arrested), or
 * 11) causing an unlawful obstruction of the highway,
 * 12) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to protect a child or other vulnerable person from the relevant person.

Replacement
With the increasing number of newly created offences being included in Schedule 1A and thus being made arrestable, the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 abolished the category of arrestable offence, replacing the dual rules with a single set of criteria for all offences. The question now for police is whether it is "necessary" to arrest the relevant person, by reference to various broadly-drafted statutory criteria. The general arrest conditions are:
 * 1) that:
 * 2) the name of the relevant person is unknown to, and cannot be readily ascertained by, the constable,
 * 3) the constable has reasonable grounds for doubting whether a name furnished by the relevant person as his name is his real name,
 * 4) that:
 * 5) the relevant person has failed to furnish a satisfactory address for service, or
 * 6) the constable has reasonable grounds for doubting whether an address furnished by the relevant person is a satisfactory address for service,
 * 7) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent the relevant person:
 * 8) causing physical injury to himself or any other person,
 * 9) suffering physical injury,
 * 10) causing loss of or damage to property,
 * 11) committing an offence against public decency, or
 * 12) causing an unlawful obstruction of the highway,
 * 13) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to protect a child or other vulnerable person from the relevant person.
 * 14) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to allow the prompt and effective investigation of the offence or of the conduct of the person in question, or
 * 15) that the constable has reasonable grounds for believing that arrest is necessary to prevent any prosecution for the offence from being hindered by the disappearance of the person in question.

Definition
Section 24 of the Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 defined an arrestable offence as: A constable may also have arrested for an offence if the conditions of Article 27 were satisfied.
 * An offence for which the sentence was fixed by law; i.e. murder.
 * an offence for which a person of 21 years of age or over (not previously convicted) may be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five years (or might be so sentenced but for the restrictions imposed by Article 46(4) of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981), and
 * offences that were listed in that Article of the Order.

Replacement
The powers to arrest under the 1987 Order were replaced by near-identical criteria as for England & Wales. A constable may arrest for any offence if the conditions below are satisfied:
 * 1) to enable the name of the person in question to be ascertained (in the case where the constable does not know, and cannot readily ascertain, the person's name, or has reasonable grounds for doubting whether a name given by the person as his name is his real name);
 * 2) correspondingly as regards the person's address,
 * 3) to prevent the person in question:
 * 4) causing physical injury to himself or any other person,
 * 5) suffering physical injury,
 * 6) causing loss of or damage to property,
 * 7) committing an offence against public decency, or
 * 8) causing an unlawful obstruction on a road (within the meaning of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995,
 * 9) to protect a child or other vulnerable person from the person in question,
 * 10) to allow the prompt and effective investigation of the offence or of the conduct of the person in question, or
 * 11) to prevent any prosecution for the offence from being hindered by the disappearance of the person in question.

Definition
Section 2 of the Criminal Law Act, 1997 defines an arrestable offence as follows:
 * "arrestable offence" means an offence for which a person of full capacity and not previously convicted may, under or by virtue of any enactment or the common law, be punished by imprisonment for a term of five years or by a more severe penalty and includes an attempt to commit any such offence

title: Arrestable offence


text:
Jerzy Zborowski

Jerzy Eugeniusz Zborowski (nom de guerre: Jeremi, Jurek, Jurek Kowalski, Kajman Okularnik, Jurek Żoliborski) was born on 26 July 1922 in Warsaw and died in September 1944 in Warsaw, Poland). Zborowski was a partisan during Operation Arsenal and the assassin of Franz Bürkl in 1943.

He was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz), scouting resistance activist, porucznik of the Armia Krajowa and commander of the Battalion Parasol during the Warsaw Uprising. He was wounded during the Uprising and captured by the Germans. His subsequent fate remains unknown, he is assumed to have been murdered by the Germans.

Awards

 * Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych), twice
 * Gold Cross of Merit with Swords (Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami)
 * Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari

title: Jerzy Zborowski


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Talk:Autotransformer

Nature of an autotransformer
An autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding sounds a bit confusing. One winding means one loop of wire in my ears.

I guess it is supposed to be:

An autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one coil.

Am I right? --Abdull 12:21, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Your interpretation is correct, but engineers don't use that term ("coil") in that way; instead, they use the word winding. "One loop of wire" is referred to as "one turn", so a winding may have one or more turns of wire.

 * Atlant 21:27, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Diagram
This diagram appears to be of a variable autotransformer. Should it not be captioned as such?--Light current 20:06, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Duagram shows only step down operation. Is it not true that auto-transformers can also step up? --Light current 02:32, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Autotransformers are used for step up, step down or adjust either direction. The pictured variac is connected for 120V input and 0 to 280V output. --C J Cowie 14:05, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It must be your Variac, otherwise, how could you tell (from that picture)? :-) Atlant 14:18, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

I suppose you could connect it the other way round, but what I was implying is that auto transformers (variable ones anyway) have an over unity ratio as a max (say 120%) then you can tap all the way down from that thro unity ratio toward zero voltage.--Light current 17:02, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that an over unity max ratio is a common configuration for variacs. Mine, the one pictured, has several fixed taps with a max ratio of 233%. It was originally a 3-gang unit that could be wye connected for 480V use. I "let the smoke out of it" at work and eventually took home a section that I restored to reasonably serviceable condition. --C J Cowie 17:17, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, lots of Variacs had a tap that allowed a small step-up function; this greatly facilitated their use in testing electronic equipment as you could then easily vary the input mains voltage (to some piece of equipment-under-test) over the entire specified range of operating voltages. I've never seen one that allowed the range that C J Cowie is speaking of, though I have no doubt that they existed. Atlant 17:22, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I can redraw it to show some form of overrange capability. BillC 20:22, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Thats very kind of you to offer to do that BillC. BTW nice selection of variacs here :-)--Light current 21:50, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I did it. I'm not altogether convinced that the new one is clearer than the old, but the SVG image is uploaded to the Commons under GFDL, so if anyone want to pick it up and edit themselves, they can do so. BillC 23:19, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

I think the new diagram looks great. Very clear and obvious. Thanks BillC!--Light current 23:36, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Questions from an IP editor
what about efficency? is it suitable for high power applications? what disadvantages has it over normal transformers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.222.74.193 (talk • contribs) 17:35, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * "what about efficency?" -- all else being equal an autotransformer should generally be more efficient than an equivilent regular transformer because only part of the power is actually transfered through the inductive action of the transformer. Actual efficiencies will depend on the specifics of a given autotransformer (just as they will for a regular transformer)
 * "is it suitable for high power applications?" -- as the article says yes, an autotransformer can be designed for any power level.
 * "what disadvantages has it over normal transformers?" -- lack of isolation and nasty failure modes mainly.
 * -- Plugwash (talk) 05:35, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Proposed merge
I placed the merge tags on this article and Buck-boost transformer. A buck-boost transformer is a specific type of autotransformer. Although a buck-boost transformer may use a transformer with multiple windings, they are connected together electrically to form an autotransformer. I think the buck-boost transformer article could be covered with a section in this article. Please post comments below. Thanks. HeirloomGardener 21:53, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Please see discussion at Talk:Buck-boost transformer. Decision was to not merge. HeirloomGardener 22:30, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

UK railroad usage
I read that the new UK 'High Speed 1' rail line from London to the Channel Tunnel uses electrification on the 2 x 25 kV autotransformer system, as opposed to the conventional 25 kV system. Could anyone kindly explain what that means, please? Halibut, October 30th 2007. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.129.220.13 (talk • contribs) 19:12, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Equations
Surely there should be some transformer equations so that an autotransformer can be compared to a normal tranformer? Thanks PaulE — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.228.240.251 (talk • contribs) 23:21, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The transformer equations are exactly the same as for any other transformer, the only significant difference is that the currents in the common part of the winding are in opposite phase so partially cancel (a 1:1 transformer would only have the magnetising current in the common winding) This means that an autotransformer with a small ratio can be far smaller and lighter than the equivialent double-wound transformer. Wide ration transformers have a much smaller advantage and are not commonly found. As a rough guide, a 2:1 autotransformer is about half the mass of an isolating transformer of similar construction quality.149.254.58.232 (talk) 17:50, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Er, don't think so. It would certainly have half the mass of copper, but I doubt that the mass of iron would change very much. 109.145.21.107 (talk) 17:33, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Depends. The mass of iron could decrease signifcantly as the aperture required to hold the two windings of a double wound transformer would now only have to hold one winding.  Whether it would be halved is another matter. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 16:14, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Tapping location preference
in autotransformer tapping are on high tension or lower tension side?.and why ?.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.30.148.114 (talk) 07:32, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In very high (100s of kV) voltage transformers the tappings are in the earthy end of the common winding as this is far cheaper to construct and the alowable ratio change is small. Otherwise, it is optional but costs usually require that the taps are in the winding that sees voltage variations as a transformer core is most efficient when fully fluxed. For example, the common Variac has its constant voltage input connected to fixed taps and the variable output is from the slider. There is nothing to physically stop you putting the input to the variable side but you run the risk of not having enough turns in curcuit to avoid the core saturating, this is usually followed by smoke emission and failure.149.254.58.232 (talk) 17:50, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Autotransformer vs. two inductors
What is the difference between the autotransformer and 2 inductors in series ( with no magnetic coupling ) in a step-down application? James. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.225.193.212 (talk) 23:23, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Two inductors in series would essentially be a voltage divider which is very different from an autotransformer. With a voltage divider (whether resistive, inductive or capacitive) the current running down the divider (and thus "wasted") has to be much greater than the maximum current delivered to the load to maintain a stable output voltage. With the autotransformer on the other hand when idle only a minimal ammount of current flows down through the transformer and when on load some of the current to the load is delivered directly while some is delivered through transformer action. Plugwash (talk) 16:31, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

 * In AC circuits, inductors don't necessarily "waste" power. You are going to see a non-unity power factor when driving a load connected in this way. This is indirectly wasteful. --Kvng (talk) 14:32, 10 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Right, the inductors don't directly waste "real power", only "reactive power" which doesn't really represent energy. Nevertheless increasing your current demand by a factor of 10 or so to produce a reasonablly stable output voltage is far from desirable even if that current doesn't represent real power.

Just wondering, on this subject, how is an autotransformer different from a normal transformer, but with the grounds of the primary and secondary connected together? Electrically they'd be the same, but not magnetically, so does that make a difference? 188.29.165.174 (talk) 14:16, 3 October 2013 (UTC)

Microphone transformers
I've often seen loudspeaker autotransfomers in 100V loudspeaker systems, but every microphone matching transformer I've seen had separate windings, i.e. they were not autotransformers at all. Unless someone has info that such things really do exist, I'll remove the microphone reference in a few days.--Harumphy (talk) 10:49, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Microphone impedance matching transformers are occasionally found wound with two wires twisted together. After construction they are connected with the windings in series to give an accurate centre tap. Tend to be used to convert an unbalanced feed to a ballanced one to reduce noise pickup on long cables. The twisted winding improves the accuracy of the balance over the wide audio frequency range. The type using separate windings is often cheaper but tends to have a narrower bandwidth. The same principle is used in radio work to match unbalanced coaxial cable to ballanced twin feeders.149.254.58.232 (talk) 18:00, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Railway autotransformer
Can anyone explain this to me or find a reference? "In UK railway applications, it is common to power the trains at 25kV AC. To increase the distance between Electricity Supply Grid feeder points they can be arranged to supply a 25-0-25 kV supply with the third wire (opposite phase) out of reach of the train's overhead collector pantograph. The OV point of the supply is connected to the rail while one 25kV point is connected to the overhead contact wire. At frequent (about 5km) intervals an autotransformer links the contact wire to rail to third supply conductor. This system reduces induced interference into external equipment and reduces cost. A variant is occasionally seen where the supply conductor is at a different voltage to the contact wire with the autotransformer ratio modified to suit." A diagram would really help - what purpose does the autotransformer serve here? It might be a good example to keep in the article, if it made sense. --Wtshymanski (talk) 16:02, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe it's relatively new in UK railway use (CTRL only); the design is based on that used in French LGV construction with the very prominent third supply wire hung along the outside of the pylons.  —Sladen (talk) 09:10, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Re the above, the purpose is to increase the possible distance between bulk power supply points (they often cost upwards of £10million in 2008 money) and the level of energy that can be availabe, epecially for heavy freight trains (I'm a Network Rail Engineer involved in system design) They are becoming common on the West Coast route and are an option for new electification. Cost, as usual, is the final determinant of the system to use. The transformer allows power distribution at 50kV yet use at 25kV, this is the reason for use as effective volts drop per conductor is halved. The original uses in Europe were in Germany/Switzerland/Austria in the 20s - long before the French used AC trains. The article has been checked by other engineers, it does make sense, the technology is complex.149.254.58.232 (talk) 17:32, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Ah, so the autotransformers are not variable, but are simply Fix 2:1 step down tapped three points: -25kV, 0kV, +25kV with the upstream transmission system delivering between the -25kV and +25kV taps and the train using the current between the 0kV and +25kV taps? The 'auto' being (one) rather that (self-operated)?  —Sladen (talk) 18:12, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I've come to this article from a Railway Electrification point of view (having just corrected List of current systems for electric rail traction as it looks like someone had confused this type of 25-0-25 kV supply for a 50 kV overhead line in India. I do understand regular transformers, and also from that how an Autotransformer works, and I remember reading the Split-phase electric power article several months ago.
 * Okay, I've read and re-read this several times, and reading Sladen's last comment above now makes just a little more sense. I would like to understand it properly, so how does this sound:

 * Instead of a vanilla (two wire) single phase 25kV supply, the main transformer actually gives 50kV with a grounded centre tap, rather in the manner of a split phase supply (Fig. 1).
 * The grounded centre tap is connected to the thoroughly earthed running rails, so that both legs are now at 25kV and 180° out of phase to each other.
 * One leg is connected to the overhead line, whilst the other is carried somewhere above it, possibly on taller support posts in a similar way that the Pennsylvania Railroad used for it's 138kV 25Hz 25Hz Traction Power System transmission lines.
 * A few of score furlongs down the line, the first leg would have dropped to say 15kV due to trains on the line, but the spare leg should still be at or close to 25kV.
 * Now we get to the magic of the autotransformer, and this is where things get a bit fuzzy, but I think what should happen now is:
 * The voltage across the two legs is now 40kV, so those are connected across the single winding of the autotransformer.
 * The grounded rails are then connected to a tap, which is about 5/8 from the overhead line leg, and therefore 25kV away from it, with the spare leg now down to 15kV.
 * What has really happened is that the overhead line now really sees a 25kV supply at each section end, and the spare leg has dropped by 10kV over the section length, but since no train uses it directly, no-one cares.
 * This process could be used for several sections in each direction.
 * Where did that explanation go wrong, and would the taps be moved about depending on load? Tim PF (talk) 00:32, 18 January 2011 (UTC)
 * AIUI you don't want or need to use different taps on different transformers, that is just asking for circulating currents as the load changes and you don't want the voltage to drop too much because you are throwing power away.
 * "A few of score furlongs down the line, the first leg would have dropped to say 15kV" -- That seems like a lot of volt drop to me but I don't know what they consider tolerable in railway electrification. Still i'll use your numbers
 * In the absense of the autotransformer the first leg would have dropped to say "15kV" but the autotransformers won't let that happen. They force the voltage on the two legs to stay roughly the same. So rather than the first leg dropping to "15kV" and the second staying at "25kV" the current would be roughly equally shared between the two legs and both would drop to say "20kV".
 * So-far this doesn't seem much of an advantage, after all we could have just made one leg twice the size. However the big advantage comes when you consider what is going on in the conductor bonded to the rails. With a single ended system all the current has to flow all the way back to the injection point through this conductor. To keep the voltages on the rails within tolable limits on a single ended system this conductor will have to be big and/or very good grounding for the rails will be needed. Whereas on a system with autotransformers the grounded conductor only has to carry significant current from the train to the nearest autotransformers. Plugwash (talk) 05:58, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

Car ignition coils are autotransformers?
I have been trying to improve the articles related to car ignition after finding what I consider to be some real 'howlers' of mistakes ie. using voltage when they should say current.

 * One I thought was wrong, but wasn't 100% sure of was references to Ignition coils being autotransformers. I believe they have seperate primary and secondary windings, BUT are electrically connected at one end. (thus usually having only 3 connection). Perhaps by a very broad interpretation they can be defined as a type of autotransformer?.

According to the Transformer types article an Ignition Coil is a Resonant transfomer. So, any opinions?

 * From Ignition system "This capacitor and the coil’s primary windings form an oscillating LC circuit." (referring to the capacitor across the points)"..extends the high voltage pulse at the output of the secondary windings."

This may well be so, as anytime you have an inductor and capacitor in parallel you have a 'tank circuit'. But is it significant, in this applicaton. The main point of the cap. is to reduce arcing and point burning, isn't it? Is the cct. actually tuned in any way to get a longer spark. ? See full quote below

 * "At the same time, current exits the coil's primary winding and begins to charge up the capacitor ("condenser") that lies across the now-open breaker points. This capacitor and the coil’s primary windings form an oscillating LC circuit. This LC circuit produces a damped, oscillating current which bounces energy between the capacitor’s electric field and the ignition coil’s magnetic field. The oscillating current in the coil’s primary, which produces an oscillating magnetic field in the coil, extends the high voltage pulse at the output of the secondary windings. This high voltage thus continues beyond the time of the initial field collapse pulse. The oscillation continues until the circuit’s energy is consumed."

My feeling is that this is geting too technical and makes the article less easy to understand.

The articles on the various seperate parts of the overall ignition system are also somewhat inconsistent, repetitive and perhaps again overly detailed.

Sorry for getting 'off-topic' (autotransformers) towards the end here, but the good people commenting seem to know their stuff. If I should address this elsewhere please let me know, i'm fairly new to Wikipedia editing.(first edit 11 September 2009)

Have edited Ignition system, Ignition coil, Contact breaker, Distributor, Spark plug recently so please take a look if you're interested.

--220.101.28.25 (talk) 15:58, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, automotive ignition coils are autotransformers. — QuicksilverT @ 06:10, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Circuit diagram for my car clearly shows a double wound coil with a common connection. Thus not all ignition coils are autotransformers, but I accept that they may exist. 109.145.21.107 (talk) 17:40, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I rather think that the turns ratio of an ignition coil is too high for an autotransformer to provide any advantage. Also, since the primary circuit is resonant (with the condenser across the contact breaker), a common secondary would interfere with that resonance. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 16:17, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

UK electric grid
RE: The links between the UK 400 kV and 275 kV 'Super Grid' networks are normally three phase autotransformers with taps at the common neutral end. According to the national grids 7 year statement the transformers they normally use between 400kv and 275kv do not have taps. The autotransformers that run at 400kv/132kv and 275kv/132kv do have tap changers however there is no mention of there location in the winding. CAJ (talk) 21:54, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Wiping contact autotransformer
The article shows a photograph of an adjustable autotransformer with a wiping contact, often used as a piece of test equipemnt. This allows it to be adjusted on the fly. How does the wiping contact behave when it moves between adjacent taps? Does it a) break the connect to the first tap then make the connect to the adjacent tap or b) make the connection to the ajacent tap then break from the first tap ?

If case a) then there would be rotor positions where you have now output. From personal experience that doesn't seem to be the case.

If case b) then you have effectively created a shorted single turn ! That's generally considered a bad thing. Why isn't the autotransformer reduced to a smoking heap? :) You must have have something similar happening with the Commutator_%28electric%29 of a DC motor. So this must not be a problem but I don't understand why. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.51.250.102 (talk) 16:04, 16 November 2012 (UTC)
 * According to the article the wiping contact is relatively high resistance. This means that (under light load at least) there will be come current flowing through the brush between contract points but presumablly the components can be sized so that this current is manageable. Plugwash (talk) 02:14, 14 December 2012 (UTC)

Autotransformer starter ... X-ray detectors.
The Autotransformer starter section mentions X-ray detectors ... I just read the referenced page and still can't see any connection.

I *think* the reference to X-ray detectors should just be removed, but this is far enough that I would prefer a second pair of eyes first -- if you agree that the reference is irrelevant, please just delete "and X-ray detectors"
 * That's been there and wrong since January 2019. And I've visited the page several times since and missed it every time. It's gone now. The perp has been blocked, it seems, as well. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:06, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

Question
[] What is wrong with the links that I put?. Mohmad Abdul sahib 15:13, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
 * They are redundant, repeating a link in the text of the article. Right next to the image it says "making the secondary connection through a sliding brush..."
 * See MOS:LINKONCE. Since the image is adjacent to the text containing the existing link, there is no need for two more links to the same article in the caption. Just plain Bill (talk) 15:26, 24 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Autotransformer


text:
Hypsiprymnodon

Hypsiprymnodon is a genus of macropods. The sole extant species is Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, the musky rat-kangaroo. The genus includes four known fossil species.

The generic name combines the Ancient Greek (hyps-, 'high'),  (, 'hindmost'), and  (, 'tooth'). This name was derived from the genus Hypsiprymnus, a synonym for Potorous, and distinguishes this by combining the Ancient Greek, meaning 'tooth'.

Classification

 * Family Hypsiprymnodontidae
 * Subfamily Hypsiprymnodontinae
 * Genus Hypsiprymnodon
 * Hypsiprymnodon moschatus, musky rat-kangaroo
 * †Hypsiprymnodon bartholomaii
 * †Hypsiprymnodon philcreaseri
 * †Hypsiprymnodon dennisi
 * †Hypsiprymnodon karenblackae
 * Subfamily †Propleopinae

title: Hypsiprymnodon


text:
Alexis Boyer

Alexis Boyer (1 March 1757 – 23 November 1833) was a French surgeon, born in Corrèze.

He was the son of a tailor, and he obtained his first medical knowledge in the shop of a barber surgeon. When he moved to Paris, he had the good fortune to attract the attention of renowned surgeons Antoine Louis (1723–1792) and Pierre-Joseph Desault (1744–1795). Boyer persevered at his profession, and became notorious for his anatomical knowledge and surgical dexterity. At the age of 37 he was appointed second surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris. On the establishment of the École de Sante, he was named chair of operative surgery, but soon exchanged it for the chair of clinical surgery. Boyer specialized in urological pathology, especially disorders of micturition.

Boyer was a cautious and finicky physician, not always trusting of new innovations in treatment. He practiced and wrote with skill and sense. His two masterworks are Trait complet de l'anatomie (in 4 vols., 1797–1799), of which a fourth edition appeared in 1815, and Trait des maladies chirurgicales et des operations qui leur conviennent (in 2 vols., 1814–1826), of which a newer edition in seven volumes was published in 1844–1853 with additions by his son, Philippe Boyer (1801–1858).

In 1805, Napoleon promoted Boyer to the status of imperial family surgeon, and, after the successful campaigns of 1806 and 1807, conferred on him the Legion of Honor, with the title of baron of the empire and a salary of 25,000 francs. On the fall of Napoleon, Boyer's merits secured him the favor of the succeeding sovereigns of France, and he was consulting surgeon to Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis Philippe. In 1825 Boyer succeeded J. F. L. Deschamps (1740–1824) as surgeon-in-chief at Hôpital de la Charité, and was chosen a member of the Institute. He died in Paris in 1833.

title: Alexis Boyer


text:
Talk:Apollo Smile

Untitled
Has she quit?

Don't know, what I do know is that she isn't Japanese, I don't remmeber her nationality but, why was the category moved to japanese voice actors?

She was moved to Japanese voice actors probably because she did the voices for several Japanese Anime--12.227.182.149 10:45, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Since she's a dub VA, I changed the category...Ranma9617

And since when was she popular with anime fandom? I seem to remember that she was regarded as a self-important, self-promoting, attention whore. "Infamous" would be a better term. Izuko 12:42, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, in anime fandom, people either really liked her or really hated her (I'm in the former category, but then again, I've been a fan of hers from even before she did the anime girl schtick). The views were about half and half.  Yes she is basically a celebrity who also happens to be an anime fangirl, she just had more connections and pull to live a life that, face it, many fangirls would like to live. -EmiOfBrie 23:54, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd hardly say the views were half and half. Maybe she did better with those who knew her before she appointed herself, but with most of the people I knew, she didn't exactly win many friends.Izuko 00:13, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I was a fan of hers back in the day when I was still an anime-head. I really never found or read about anyone who disliked her. Maybe I just wasn't looking in the right places. Everyone who met her really liked her. It's too bad she's gone... I'm interested in knowing what she's been up to. 12.155.207.2 16:17, 8 August 2007 (UTC)Drew D.
 * Oh man, you must not have hit the forums on the Sci-Fi channel when she hosted the anime marathon. It was full of people who just couldn't stand her. Now I'm not judging her on her personality off screen, but what I saw of her was pretty annoying. I think she would have done much better if she hadn't proclaimed herself the "live action anime girl". I'm not going to blame her for how SF touted her as THE voice actress/singer/whatever girl of the anime world, but I think that had a big impact on how people treated her in the forums. I remember that a lot of people were angry that they chose her over several others in the VA world because there were some that were more prolific & had more of a stage presence. Then there were also others who wanted SF to put some of the Japanese VA on in her place. I agree with Izuko in that she's more infamous that famous- a good 80% of the people I knew mostly thought she was a bubbleheaded AW. (Not that the term existed back then, but the people sure did!)  Tokyogirl79 (talk) 19:37, 15 December 2008 (UTC)Tokyogirl79

Hey, Izuko. Why the bitterness? It was the fans that dubbed her "the live action anime girl", she had a following/fanbase. Apollo wasn't a self-proclaimed anime action performer, was she? Anyways, Wikipedia's about the facts, Apollo is a trained dancer, actress, stunt woman, and singer. She has worked for Sega, Geffen Records, and Central Park Media. Her song "Thunderbox" was in Days of Thunder with Tom Cruise. She even did some Stunt work for Monk, The Power Rangers, and Britney Murphy in Uptown Girls. There is proof to back that up. And, from what I know, she does watch anime, read manga, and Star Wars. You can't say someone shouldn't be here because you don't like him or her. In fact, I feel sorry for women like Ayumi Hamasaki, Apollo Smile, Britney Spears, etc. Some people hate her for no reason (or at least for a shallow one) which is sad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.212.93.2 (talk) 06:38, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

date of birth
From the article:
 * born Paula Apollo Anne Scharf on February 16, 1970

from IMDB:
 * Date of birth (location)
 * 16 February 1967

So, what is it then? Cite?

recent years
From the article:
 * Apollo Smile has seemingly moved away from the "anime girl" role she created for herself, seeking small but more conventional film and television roles

from IMDB there is a list of TV episodes and video games only. Not much evidence of films there. Nothing since 2004 either.

--14:57, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

name change
This entry says she legally changed her name. Why is her birth name reflected as her legal name in the opening paragraph? Did she change it back?Aresef (talk) 18:07, 13 August 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Apollo Smile


text: Category:Norwegian boxers

title: Category:Norwegian boxers


text:
Richard Bremmer

Richard Bremmer (born 27 January 1953) is an English actor.

Early life
Bremmer was born and brought up in Warwickshire.

Career
Bremmer first began his career in the short film of Couples and Robbers before being in his first full-length film The Girl with Brains in Her Feet. He was the first to portray the character Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (with the footage he appears in being reused in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2), in a flashback sequence where the famous villain arrived at the home of the titular character's parents to kill them, though Bremmer's face is never seen (later in the film, the character is CGI and voiced by Ian Hart, the actor who played Quirrell in the same film). He was cast as Skeld in The 13th Warrior and also appeared in the 2004 film Viper in the Fist, an adaptation of the novel of the same name by Hervé Bazin.

Bremmer's stage credits include A Midsummer Night's Dream, Julius Caesar, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, King Lear and MacBeth. He has appeared in movies such as the 2014 biographical drama Mr. Turner, the 2015 adventure-drama In the Heart of the Sea, the 2007 biographical drama Control, the 2003 action comedy Shanghai Knights and the 2001 comedy film Just Visiting. His television credits include the fantasy drama series Beowulf: Return to the Shieldlands, the historical drama series The Borgias, the adventure-drama series Crusoe, and the docudrama Dunkirk.

title: Richard Bremmer


text: Category:Syrian boxers

title: Category:Syrian boxers


text:
Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"Real Me" is episode 2 of season 5 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on The WB on October 3, 2000.

Plot
Buffy is annoyed when her sister Dawn continuously disrupts her training sessions with Giles as well as breakfast at home. Joyce asks Buffy to take Dawn shopping for school supplies, but Riley reminds her they had already made plans. Buffy has to cancel so she can go work with Giles, who has to drive the sisters on their errands in his new BMW convertible. The three spot Willow and Tara heading for the magic shop, and Buffy tells Willow that she is dropping Drama in favor of more Slayer training. At the shop, the gang finds the owner dead, killed by vampires. Buffy sends Dawn outside where she encounters a deranged man. He seems to recognize her, telling her that she does not belong there. She is upset until Tara comforts her. The gang realizes that a pack of vampires raided the shop for books on how to defeat the Slayer, under Harmony's leadership. Giles admires the shop and its potential for a future business.

That night, Xander and Anya arrive at the Summers house to babysit Dawn. Harmony arrives to challenge Buffy but is disappointed when she is not there. Xander taunts Harmony and her minions from the safety of the house until Dawn mistakenly invites Harmony inside. After Harmony puts up a fight, Anya intervenes and Xander kicks the vampire out of the house. Harmony later encounters Spike in the graveyard, and the two talk about Harmony's plans to kill the Slayer. While unpacking in their new place, Tara and Willow discuss how Dawn is having a hard time as the outsider of the Scooby Gang. Tara reveals that she has similar feelings as an outsider.

On patrol, Buffy is fuming about the lecture she received from her mother about allowing Dawn to see a dead body. Riley tries to talk some sense into her, pointing out she and Dawn resent each other for similar reasons. When they return home, Xander tells Buffy about Harmony and - after the Slayer stops laughing - she gets angry that Dawn invited Harmony inside. Buffy complains to Riley and Xander about the trouble Dawn causes and how she cannot always be there to protect her; Dawn listens from the hall and runs outside in tears. Before Anya can bring Dawn back inside, Harmony's vampire minions capture Dawn and attack Anya causing her to be hospitalized. Buffy then runs out to find her sister leaving Xander and Riley to take care of Anya.

Harmony explains to her minions that Dawn is bait, meaning they cannot eat her. Harmony complains to Dawn about her problems until her mutinous minions attempt to kill them both. Buffy – who had threatened Spike until he revealed Harmony's location – arrives and easily kills most of the minions as Harmony escapes. The Slayer frees her sister and, when they get home, they agree not to tell their mother. The next day, Buffy and Giles talk about his decision to take over the magic shop, while Dawn writes in her journal that Buffy still thinks she is a nobody, but she will be in for a surprise.

Production details
When casting the role of Dawn, Sarah Michelle Gellar suggested they take a look at Michelle Trachtenberg. Dawn was originally conceived to be 12 years old, but after casting Trachtenberg, the writers raised the character's age to 14. However, the first few scripts were still written in the voice of a 12-year-old. Before being cast, Trachtenberg, a fan of the show, had written a letter to Joss Whedon that suggested how she could become a character on Buffy.

Michelle Trachtenberg was listed as a guest star in the previous episode. With effect from this episode she has been added to the title credits after Emma Caulfield.

Mark Rabinowitz of Paste Magazine argues that, at this point of the series, "the ensemble was so large that Dawn's "Zeppo" moment never materialized. It was planned for Season Seven, but once the First Evil storyline got big, Dawn's life had to take a backseat. That said, by the last 15 or 20 episodes of the show, Dawn had become...a valued member of the Scoobies. But not in this episode: Here, she's just a brat."

Critical reception
Vox, ranking it at #101 of all 144 episodes on their "Worst to Best" list, and calling her "the Scrappy Doo of Buffy," writes, "Dawn comes off as a little more bratty and hard to deal with than she might have been otherwise. But her presence will anchor season five’s major arcs. And season five — which unites season two’s operatic story arcs with season three’s consistency — is one of Buffy's three unimpeachable seasons."

title: Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


text:
Talk:Fanlisting

Aaww this is just too cute ^^,

Two articles?
Should we make two articles for this? One about fanlistings and their history, and one about the network itself? I think there should probably be two articles considering not all fanlistings are approved by TFL.org. Any objections? Haley 00:11, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Main Article
I have created the article for The Fanlistings Network. Please only add the history of fanlistings in general to the fanlistings page. Anyone want to make an article on The Anime Fanlistings Network? Otherwise that information on categories will stay. All staff info was moved to the new article, as well. --Haley 04:21, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Oldest Fanlisting
"The oldest fanlisting is Slayers Empire, the original fanlisting started by Janine on March 5th, 2000"

As I understand that this article is about fanlistings in general and not The Fanlistings Network, I would like to contest this fact. I personally had a fanlisting in operation in 1999, and I know of others that operated alongside it.

 * I think this article is talking about fanlistings that used the term "fanlisting" to name themselves. As far as we know, Janine Mischor came up with the term itself. This is not a fact written in a history book, but she is the only known person to have used it. If you read the whole article on The Fanistings Network, it mentions that cliques were popular in the 1990's, and that Mischor may have gotten the idea from them. If your listing/clique used the term "fanlisting", then things could possibly be changed. --Haley 18:02, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fanlisting


text:
Talk:Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
Please help complete the Angel/Buffy episode articles. See what needs to be done on this sub-page of WikiProject Buffy:

WikiProject Buffy/Episodes

Also please help update any major changes made to episode articles on that page so that progress can be mapped.

________________________________________________________

The unicorn
Do we have a source besides OR for the ceramic unicorn's origin? If not, I think that needs to be removed, because it's irrelevant anyway. The Clawed One (talk) 01:55, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy502.jpg
Image:Buffy502.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:16, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Real Me (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


text: Category:Nigerian boxers

title: Category:Nigerian boxers


text:
User:Visviva/Family names

There are 181 Korean family names.

Names with more than 100,000 holders
There are 48 names at this level, making up the great majority of the South Korean population. 김 이 (S) 리 (N) 박 정 최 조 강 유 (S) 류 (N) 윤 장 림 신 한 오 서 전 권 황 송 안 홍 양 고 문 손 배 백 허 S: 노 N: 로 남 심 주 하 구 곽 성 차 우 나 진 민 지 엄 변 원 방 채 천

Names with more than 10,000 holders
There are 38 such names. 공 현 함 여 염 추 도 석 소 설 선 마 연 길 위 제 표 명 기 반 금 왕 옥 육 인 맹 모 탁 국 남궁 어 경 은 편 용 예 봉 사

Names with more than 1,000 holders
There are 33 such names. 부 황보 가 복 목 태 형 피 계 호 감 두 음 동 빈 온 제갈 사공 시 선우 범 승 갈 좌 팽 간 상 서문 견 단 순 창 당

Names with more than 100 holders
There are 42 such names. 당 옹 종 화 독고 빙 아 평 대 풍 궁 점 흥 섭 내 초 낭 해 판 영 필 궉 근 매 동방 미 수 요 야 묵 자 만 운 환 곡 탄 포 엽 애 돈 후 학

Names with fewer than 100 holders
There are 20 such names. 뇌 비 개 십 난 준 묘 담 장곡 강전 삼 어금 저 군 교 누 소봉 망절 증 즙

title: User:Visviva/Family names


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Jeff Rawle

Jeffrey Alan Rawle (born 20 July 1951) is an English actor. He is known for portraying George Dent in the news-gathering sitcom Drop the Dead Donkey, and Silas Blissett in Hollyoaks from December 2010 until 2012. Rawle returned to Hollyoaks in 2016, 2020 and 2022. He is also known for his role as Amos Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005).

Early life
Rawle was born on 20 July 1951 in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. His first secondary school was King Edward VI School in Aston, Birmingham. When he was 15 his family moved to Sheffield, and it was at High Storrs Grammar School that he first became interested in drama when he appeared in school plays. He worked at the Sheffield Playhouse before training at LAMDA.

Career
Rawle landed his first major role in 1973 as Billy in the television version of Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall's Billy Liar. In 1979, he appeared with Ian McKellen and Tom Bell in Bent at the Criterion Theatre, London. In 1984, he appeared in the Doctor Who story Frontios as the character Plantaganet. He appeared in Faith in the Future on ITV from 1995 to 1998. In 2004, Rawle began appearing in the ITV series Doc Martin as Roger Fenn. The actor went on to make a guest appearance in the fourth episode of the fourth series of New Tricks as lawyer Jonathan Blunt. The following year, he starred in the fourth series of Spooks as the Home Secretary. He also appeared in Ultimate Force – "Never Go Back" alongside Ross Kemp.

Rawle portrayed Amos Diggory, father of Cedric Diggory (Robert Pattinson), in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. 2008 saw Rawle play Gilbert Murray in the National Theatre's production of Tony Harrison's play Fram. The following year, he guested in The Bill and appeared in The Sarah Jane Adventures on CBBC. During 2010, Rawle joined the cast of Hollyoaks in the role of serial killer Silas Blissett. He stated that he was delighted to be playing such a sinister character. He has won various awards for his portrayal of Silas. He initially left the role in 2012 before making guest returns from January to May 2016, October 2020 to January 2021. He reprised the role in September 2022, where his character was finally killed off by his grandson, Bobby.

In October 2012, it was announced Rawle had joined the cast of Doctors as Rory Bishton, a road sweeper with something to hide. Rawle made his screen debut as Rory in early 2013. He had previously appeared in the series in 2004.

Rawle has provided numerous narrations including A Bear Called Paddington, three series of the Duchess of York's Budgie the Little Helicopter, Stephen Hawking's Universe and Tom Fort's The Grass is Always Greener for BBC Radio 4. Rawle's writing credits include The Young Poisoner's Handbook in 1995 and Who Goes There?

title: Jeff Rawle


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Charleston Coliseum & Convention Center

The Charleston Coliseum & Convention Center  (originally known as Charleston Civic Center) is a municipal complex located in the downtown area of Charleston, West Virginia, United States. Originally completed in 1958, it consists of four main components: the Coliseum, the Theater, the Auditorium, and the Convention Center (also referred to as the Grand Hall).

History
In 1953, the first in a series of general obligation bonds was approved by city voters for the construction of a civic center in the downtown area of Charleston, West Virginia between Lee Street and Quarrier Street on the banks of the Elk River just before the Elk River empties into the Kanawha River. When the original Civic Center opened in November 1958 at the cost of $2.5 million, it consisted of a 6,000-seat arena and the 750-seat "Little Theater."

The complex underwent its first renovation and expansion in 1964 when 2,400 additional seats were added to the arena and a paved parking lot and an ice rink were added to the facilities. The $1.5 million project was financed through the sale of revenue bonds.

The most significant renovation and expansion began when city voters approved a $10 million general obligation bond sale in 1976 to erect a 13,000-seat coliseum, a two-story lobby that connected the new coliseum with the original arena and theater, and remodel the original arena into a convention center. The project also received an additional $10 million in federal matching grants and was completed in 1980.

Two parking garages were added in 1983, accommodating up to 1,300 cars. In 1994, the 36000 sqft Grand Hall of the convention center received a new ceiling, paint and lighting and the ice rink was also converted into an exhibit hall in the 2001. The last renovations took place between 2004 and 2006 when about $250,000 was spent to renovate the Little Theater.

After Pride Youth Programs' annual anti-drug convention in early 2007, Jay DeWispelaere, CEO of Pride Youth Programs, commented on what he felt were the inadequacies of the Charleston Civic Center. In May 2015, the Charleston's Municipal Planning Commission approved the permit need to move forward with a planned comprehensive expansion and renovation, expected to cost around $72 million. Construction began in September 2015, with an expected completion date in early 2018. The Civic Center will remain open during construction.

As part of a 10-year sponsorship deal with the organization, the Charleston Civic Center's new basketball court (which debuted in the 2011-12 season) is branded with a large logo for Friends of Coal, a locally based political advocacy group.

Events
A number of annual events and fairs throughout the year at the complex. Among the events includes the Annual West Virginia Hunting and Fishing Show, West Virginia Association of Fairs & Festivals Conference, West Virginia International Auto Show, West Virginia Sports Show, the Taste of Charleston, and the Capital City Art & Craft Show. Several local high schools hold proms and graduation ceremonies at the Civic Center. The Civic Center has also hosted local show choir festivals, including the state competition.

It hosts the quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals of the annual, West Virginia State High School Boys and Girls Basketball Tournaments, music concerts, professional wrestling, and hosted basketball games between in-state rivals West Virginia University and Marshall University until that series ended in 2016. West Virginia State University held its commencement ceremonies in the Coliseum until 2013.

The Charleston Light Opera Guild conducts performances in the Little Theater throughout the year.

title: Charleston Coliseum & Convention Center


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Hibiscus trionum

Hibiscus trionum, commonly called flower-of-an-hour, bladder hibiscus, bladder ketmia, bladder weed, puarangi and venice mallow, is an annual plant native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. It has spread throughout southern Europe both as a weed and cultivated as a garden plant. It has been introduced to the United States as an ornamental where it has become naturalized as a weed of cropland and vacant land, particularly on disturbed ground.

Description
The plant grows to a height of 20 - 50 cm, sometimes exceeding 80 cm, and has white or yellow flowers with a purple centre. In the deeply pigmented centre of the flower, the surface features striations, which have been the subject of controversy about whether they act as a diffraction grating, creating iridescence.

The pollinated but unripe seedpods look like oriental paper lanterns, less than 1 in across, pale green with purple highlights.

The flowers of Hibiscus trionum can set seed via both outcrossing and self-pollination. During the first few hours after anthesis, the style and stigma are erect and receptive to receive pollen from other plants. In the absence of pollen donation, the style bends and makes contact with the anthers of the same flower, inducing self-pollination. Although outcrossing plants seem to perform better than self-pollinating plants, this form of reproductive assurance might have contributed to the success of H. trionum plants in several environments.

Photonic properties
Initial studies showed that artificial replicas of the flower surface produced iridescence that bees could recognise. Later work suggested that the irregularities of the plant cells and surface resulted in the periodicity of the striations being too irregular to create clear iridescence and thus suggested that the iridescence is not visible to man and flower visiting insects. More recent papers have presented evidence that the flower is both visibly and measurably iridescent, and the striations have been shown to be sufficiently irregular to generate particularly strong scattering of light at short wavelengths, producing weak iridescence and a 'blue halo' (of which the halo is the dominant visible effect). It has also been demonstrated that the blue scattering increases the foraging efficiency of bumblebees in laboratory environments, although it remains unknown whether this effect translates to a meaningful advantage in the field.

Botanical gallery
Photos from Antalya except where indicated

title: Hibiscus trionum


text: Category:Senegalese boxers

title: Category:Senegalese boxers


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The Replacement (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"The Replacement" is episode three of season five of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on October 10, 2000 on The WB.

A demon's wand "splits" Xander into two Xanders, one of whom is confident, receives a promotion at work, and buys an apartment to share with Anya, and the other of whom feels anxious, jealous, and like a loser.

Plot
The gang starts looking for an apartment for Xander so he can move out of his parents' house, though he worries that he may not be able to afford it, upsetting Anya. Giles receives a visit from a demon searching for the Slayer. He later identifies the demon as Toth, the only survivor of the Tothric Clan. The gang checks out the city dump in search of the demon and finds Spike scavenging. The demon hits Xander with light from a rod and knocks him to the ground. He gets to his feet and walks off with the rest of the gang, while there is another Xander still lying in a pile of trash.

The next morning, one Xander awakens at the city dump and then discovers his double upon returning to his house. One of the Xanders is very ambitious and gets a promotion at work, signs a lease for a very nice apartment, and sets up a date with Anya. The hesitant Xander watches as all this happens and finally confronts his double. After the two Xanders see each other, the confident Xander talks to Buffy and she makes this a matter of Slayer business. Soaked by the rain, weak Xander goes to Willow and tries to explain that this double is taking over his life; he then suddenly realizes that his double is going after Anya.

Anya and the confident Xander discuss their future and Anya expresses her fears about not living forever. Giles discovers that the rod Toth used on Xander split him into two Xanders – one with weak qualities and the other with strong qualities. Toth intended to use the rod to split Buffy into two beings. In addition, as the two beings are real and technically one being, the death of one will kill them both. The weak Xander crashes the date between strong Xander and Anya. Both think that the other is a demon and the scared Xander pulls out a handgun he got from Anya's apartment.

Buffy tells the doubles the truth about their situation and tries to convince them not to kill each other. When Toth appears at the apartment, Buffy and Riley fight and kill him. The two Xanders eventually begin to get along, and Willow ends the spell on the Xanders, making them one again. While moving Xander into his new apartment, Xander and Riley talk. Riley confesses that, despite how much he loves Buffy, he realizes that she does not feel the same.

Production
Nicholas Brendon played both Xanders, except in scenes where the two interacted, during which Brendon's twin brother, Kelly Donovan, played confident-Xander. Donovan's name was given in TV Guide, but not in the opening credits. At the time, Brendon wrote on the message boards at his official website, NickBrendon.com,

"'Truth be told, I played both characters. It was very challenging and rewarding and I must've done an OK job if you couldn't tell it was me. ... I had a blast working with Kelly and he really deserves kudos for his work. He was never promised on-screen dialogue but they did end up using some and I think he did a stand-up job. In fact there was even one point where Kelly, [Brendon's wife] Tressa [DiFiglia] and I had to rewind and freeze the tape to decipher who was who, (standing side by side, Kelly as 'Cool Xander' did a stellar job of imitating my signature blinky eyes.)'"

Scriptwriter Jane Espenson became famous for writing many of the comedy episodes of Buffy. Saying she is "a fan of all the original Star Trek episodes, but we were very conscious of the double Kirk transporter accident scenario," she discussed the episode in an interview with the BBC, saying,

"'I had actually pitched a double Xander episode in one of my first seasons because I thought, 'We've got an actor with an identical twin, how can we not use this, this is such an opportunity. We can do the shots without having to do the cheesy green screen thing, we can use both actors.' It just seemed like a natural to me so I was really happy when I got the opportunity to do that. An interesting nugget about that episode was it was originally called 'Real Me' (the eventual title of episode two) and we decided to change it because we didn't want to give away the fact that both Xanders were real. They were both Xander. ... When you think about this character, we've seen so many different aspects of him over the years — the braveness, the trueness, the stalwartness — he's really the truest friend you could have. At the same time, we've given him a callowness and a shallowness and a lack of self confidence. To realise that Joss has created a character that's rich enough that there's enough for two real people there, that's kind of cool.'"

Themes
Noel Murray of The A.V. Club writes, "Early in Buffy's Season Five, a theme of sorts is emerging, having to do with how the characters perceive themselves, how they're actually perceived, and a truth buried so deep that it's practically undetectable. And though Dawn barely appears in this week's episodes... she embodies the season's developing theme, given that she's been accepted by the other characters as as [sic] a [sic] entrenched part of their collective world, even though we know that she doesn't belong."

Mark Oshiro says similarly that Xander craves affirmation and that "it's really hard to cope with the idea that you're legitimately inadequate, even if that's just how you perceive it."

Roger Pocock argues that Giles, Xander and Spike seemed not to have much purpose among the Scoobies recently, but now Giles is

"given a new purpose in life, already restored to the position of Buffy's Watcher, and starting a new business venture with the magic shop, which also provides the gang with a place to get together... This week it's time to fix the problem of Xander. There's only so long a character can be the butt of all the jokes before it starts to wear a little thin, and the viewers' enjoyment of the comedy can shift over time towards dislike or dissatisfaction with a character who just doesn't learn, or grow as a person. At some point, Xander needed to achieve something, and this is his moment."

He adds that Spike is now also separated from the other main characters and has become the butt of jokes. "This week he starts going a bit weird, with his pretend Buffy mannequin." He has become "a loser who scavenges at the tip and indulges in lonely fantasies," after being a frightening fighter for so long, and will also need a makeover.

Cultural references
The website Women at Warp compares it with the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Second Chances." "What happens when a character gets split into two versions of himself? In TNG, you end up with one Riker that's a focused career man, and one that's been pining away for his long lost love with Troi. In Buffy, one Xander gets all the 'good qualities' (charm, confidence, etc.) and one constantly looks disheveled. Spoiler alert: The two Rikers and two Xanders aren't all that different from each other after all!"

Critical reception
Vox, ranking it at #41 of all 144 episodes on their "Worst to Best" list, writes, "He spent most of season four camped out in his parents' damp and grimy basement, drifting from dead-end job to dead-end job and getting increasingly bitter about the bright futures his friends seemed to have. ... It's a fun episode that puts his character arc back on track and leads us to the solid, dependable Xander who will save the day at the end of season six."

Paste Magazine, in a similar list, ranked it at #102 and wrote, "For much of the series, Xander has been the comic relief or, as he so eloquently puts it two episodes prior, the butt monkey, but Season Five marks the emergence of the new, improved and more mature Xander Harris: still funny, but clearly moving into adulthood. Much influenced by the Star Trek: TOS episode 'The Enemy Within,' 'The Replacement' shows that it takes all sides of a personality to make a whole and that, Anya's disturbing end-of-episode threesome suggestion aside, you shouldn't always try to separate the wheat from the chaff."

Noel Murray writes that "the episode is hilarious, with sharp comic business in just about every scene." Roger Pocock says, "Although [the successful Xander] isn't really anyone's enemy (and that's a very clever misdirection and twist), it makes loser Xander the audience perspective character. We like him and we don't like the other one. Whilst the other characters might see nothing wrong with successful Xander, for the viewers he's boring and a bit creepy. So at least the point is made for the viewers that both sides of Xander are needed for him to be the person we actually want to watch, and this works well as a reaffirmation of the qualities that earn Xander his place in the series."

Myles McNutt says that it "captures a lot of the best of the series: there's some broad comedy in there, as one would expect when the hapless part of Xander's personality is isolated, but the existential experience of watching (as we learn later) the embodiment of your strongest qualities live your life better than you had imagined was really well-developed by Espenson and Brendon. ... While 'The Zeppo' re-evaluated Xander's position within the group, 'The Replacement' is much more focused on Xander's identity, his own 'Doppelgangland' of sorts which is similarly effective in terms of revealing that which is often hidden within the show's characters."


text: Category:Russian boxers

title: Category:Russian boxers


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Talk:The Replacement (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
Please help complete the Angel/Buffy episode articles. See what needs to be done on this sub-page of WikiProject Buffy:

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text: Category:Slovak boxers

title: Category:Slovak boxers


text: Category:Chilean boxers

title: Category:Chilean boxers


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Lee Ingleby

Lee David Ingleby (born 28 January 1976) is an English actor who first gained attention with his leading role in the BBC Two miniseries Nature Boy (2000). His other notable roles include Detective Insp. John Bacchus on the BBC's Inspector George Gently (2007–2017), Paul Hughes in The A Word (2016–2020), Det. Tony Myerscough on Netflix's Criminal: UK (2019–2020), and DCS Jim Hobson in ITV's The Long Shadow (2023). Ingleby was the voice of Bob the Builder in the show of the same name from 2015 to 2018. His film credits include Ever After (1998), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004).

Early life
Ingleby was born in Burnley, Lancashire, son of Gordon Ingleby and Susan M Hoggarth, and lived in nearby Brierfield during the early part of his life, attending Edge End High School, as did fellow actor John Simm. Both were taught by the same drama teacher, Brian Wellock, who encouraged them to enter professional theatre. He then studied at Accrington and Rossendale College before progressing to LAMDA in London.

Career
Ingleby's first major role was as the young lead in the 2000 BBC miniseries Nature Boy alongside Paul McGann. He played Smike in a 2001 television film version of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. Also in 2001, he starred in and wrote the screenplay for the short film Cracks in the Ceiling, which he appeared in with his father, Gordon Ingleby. In the 2002 theatrical release Borstal Boy, based very loosely on the life of Irish poet-activist Brendan Behan, Ingleby played a bully in an English boarding school for juvenile offenders.

Ingleby has also made one-off appearances in television programmes such as Hustle, Clocking Off, No Angels, Fat Friends, Jonathan Creek, Spaced, Dalziel and Pascoe, Cadfael (Pilgrim of Hate) and The Bill. He has had supporting roles in films such as Gustave in Ever After alongside Drew Barrymore and as Hollom in the 2003 Peter Weir film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World.

In 2004, Ingleby had a small role in the Orlando Bloom vehicle Haven, which premiered at the Toronto Film Festival but was not commercially released until 2006 following heavy re-editing. He also guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure Terror Firma.

In 2006 Ingleby appeared in Jimmy McGovern BBC TV series The Street, where he played abusive husband Sean O'Neill alongside Christine Bottomley. Another project during 2006 was the television adaptation of The Wind in the Willows, in which he played Mole. It also starred Bob Hoskins as Badger, Matt Lucas as Toad and Mark Gatiss as Ratty. He also appeared in a modernised BBC adaptation of Rapunzel for the Fairy Tales series. Ingleby also played the important role of Vic Tyler, the father of John Simm's character Sam Tyler, in an episode of Life on Mars.

In 2007 Ingleby was cast as DS John Bacchus (later promoted to inspector in series 7, 2015) in the BBC police drama Inspector George Gently.

Ingleby headed the cast of the 2008 three-part television crime drama A Place of Execution as DI George Bennett as he was in the 1960s determined to close the case of a missing girl. When not working in films and television, Ingleby remains active on the stage, where his credits include Puck in Midsummer Night's Dream, Alexander in Nicholas Wright's Cressida and Katurian in Martin McDonagh's The Pillowman. He performed in the play Our Class by Tadeusz Slobodzianek at the Cottesloe Theatre from September 2009 to January 2010 as Zygmunt.

In 2011, Ingleby appeared in the television series Being Human as Edgar Wyndham, a menacing vampire elder, and also in Luther as serial killer Cameron Pell.

In 2013, Ingleby took on the voice role of Phillip De Nicholay, the Sheriff of Nottingham, in a new audio production of the Robin Hood legend, produced by Spiteful Puppet. He returned to the role in the follow-up "HOOD – The Scribe of Sherwood". In the same year, two more feature length audio stories (Warriors' Harvest and King's Command) have been produced by Spiteful Puppet with Ingleby once again playing the role of "De Nicholay".

In 2015 Ingleby first played Bob in the UK version of the new computer-generated series Bob The Builder - a role that continued until 2018. That same year he provided spoken word narration on the progressive rock album Please Come Home which the British musician John Mitchell released under the project name Lonely Robot.

In 2016 Ingleby first appeared in the role of Paul Hughes, father of autistic child Joe, in BBC drama series The A Word, which ran until 2020.

Radio

 * Cry Hungary (as Peter Kovacs), BBC Radio 4, 2006
 * Radio Head, Up and Down the Dial of British Radio by John Osborne, Book of the Week, BBC Radio 4, 2009
 * A Kind of Loving (as Vic Brown), BBC Radio 4, 2010
 * Boots on the Ground (as Marks), BBC Radio 4, 2013
 * Hood: Noble Secrets (as Phillip De Nicholay – Sheriff of Nottingham), Spiteful Puppet, 2013
 * House of Ghosts: A Case for Inspector Morse (as Inspector Lewis), BBC Radio 4, 2017
 * Morse: In The Shallows (as Inspector Lewis), BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio Programmes, 2018

title: Lee Ingleby


text: User talk:24.36.112.49

title: User talk:24.36.112.49


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Jimmy Gardner (actor)

Edward Charles James Gardner, DFM (24 August 1924 – 3 May 2010) was an English actor.

During World War II, Gardner served in the Royal Air Force as an air gunner with No. 10 Squadron. He completed 30 sorties as a Halifax rear gunner and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal.

His first film appearance was in The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb released during 1964. Thereafter he appeared in over 30 films and also made extensive TV and theatre appearances. Some of his best known Shakespearean roles such as Adam in As You Like It, and Gravedigger in Hamlet were performed under the direction of Terry Hands.

He played Knight Bus driver Ernie Prang in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the third film in the Harry Potter film series.

Filmography

 * Doctor Who : Marco Polo (1964) .... Chenchu
 * The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb (1964) .... Fred's Mate
 * He Who Rides a Tiger (1965) .... Waiter
 * The Murder Game (1965) .... Arthur Gillett
 * Arabesque (1966) .... Hemsley (uncredited)
 * The Committee (1968) .... Boss
 * Take a Girl Like You (1970) .... Voter
 * Say Hello to Yesterday (1971) .... Balloon Seller (uncredited)
 * 10 Rillington Place (1971) .... Mr Lynch
 * Up the Chastity Belt (1971) .... Little Man
 * Frenzy (1972) .... Hotel Porter
 * Ooh... You Are Awful (1972) .... Waterloo Porter (uncredited)
 * Take Me High (1973) .... Hulbert
 * 11 Harrowhouse (1974) .... Man in Snack Bar (uncredited)
 * Percy's Progress (1974) .... Clerk of Court (uncredited)
 * Slade in Flame (1975) .... Charlie's Dad
 * Short Ends (1976) .... Alchemist
 * Doctor Who : Underworld (1978) .... Idmon
 * Tess (1979) .... Pedlar
 * The Company of Wolves (1984) .... Ancient
 * Mountains of the Moon (1990) .... Jarvis
 * Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) .... Farmer
 * Thin Ice (1995) .... Old Man with gun
 * Gunslinger's Revenge (Italian title: Il mio West) (1998) .... Sam Comet
 * Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) .... Ernie the Bus Driver
 * Finding Neverland (2004) .... Mr. Snow
 * Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo (2005) .... Kaiser (final film role)

title: Jimmy Gardner (actor)


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Harry Melling (actor)

Harry Edward Melling (born 17 March 1989) is an English actor known for playing Dudley Dursley in five Harry Potter films and Harry Beltik in The Queen's Gambit. His grandfather was actor Patrick Troughton.

Early life
Harry Edward Melling was born on 17 March 1989 in London, England. He studied at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.

Career
In his early career, Melling performed in stage productions of The Provoked Wife, King John, Antigone, and Plenty. He appeared in five of the Harry Potter films as Harry Potter's spoiled cousin, Dudley Dursley. He was first cast in the role at age 10, in 1999, and played the character until 2010 and his appearance in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1.

In 2009, Melling starred in a revival of Mother Courage and Her Children at the Royal National Theatre. He appeared in "The Sorcerer's Shadow", an episode of the BBC television series Merlin, playing a young warlock who intends to use magic to help him win Camelot's legendary tournament. He also played Robert Brown in the BBC television series Just William. In 2009, it was announced that Melling had lost so much weight since his last appearance in Harry Potter that he was now "unrecognisable". The role of Dudley was almost recast for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, but Melling was able to reprise the part by wearing a fat suit. He said of the change, "I can now shed the child actor thing, like the fat, and start a new career, because no one sees me as Dudley."

In 2014, Melling made his playwriting debut at HighTide Festival with his one-man show Peddling.

In 2018, Melling starred alongside Liam Neeson in the Coen brothers' Western The Ballad of Buster Scruggs. Of Melling's performance, New Yorker film critic Anthony Lane wrote: "[I] came away haunted by a scattering of sights and sounds—above all, by the recitations of the limbless man, which thrum with genuine yearning. He is beautifully played, with a little help from C.G.I., by Harry Melling, who was once the odious Dudley Dursley in the Harry Potter films. Funny how people grow up."

In 2020, Melling played evangelical preacher Roy Laferty in the Netflix thriller The Devil All The Time. That same year, he appeared in the Netflix series drama The Queen's Gambit as Harry Beltik, a chess player, friend, and competitor of Beth's in Kentucky.

Melling appeared in a Coen brothers film a second time as Malcolm in The Tragedy of Macbeth (2021).

In 2022, he had a starring role as a young Edgar Allan Poe in the film The Pale Blue Eye.

In May 2024, it was announced that Melling would be starring alongside Alexander Skarsgard in Pillion, a romantic comedy produced by Element Pictures.

title: Harry Melling (actor)