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Suresh Raina

Suresh Raina (born 27 November 1986 ) is an Indian former international cricketer. He occasionally serves as stand-in captain for Indian men's national cricket team as well as in IPL for Chennai Super Kings during the absence of the main captain, MS Dhoni. He played for Uttar Pradesh (UP) in domestic cricket circuit. He is an aggressive left-handed middle-order batsman and occasional off-spin bowler. He is the second-youngest player ever to captain India. He was the captain of Gujarat Lions in the Indian Premier League (IPL), and he also served as vice-captain of the Chennai Super Kings. He is the first Indian batsman to hit a century in all three formats of international cricket. During his time with India, he won the 2011 Cricket World Cup and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. Raina made history being the first Indian to score a century in the ICC Men's T20 World Cup, which he did with his 101 runs against South Africa at the 2010 Tournament.

On 15 August 2020, Raina announced his retirement from all formats of international cricket. He pulled out of the 2020 Indian Premier League for personal reasons. On 6 September 2022, he announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, including IPL and domestic cricket.

Early life
Raina was born on 27 November 1986 into a Kashmiri Pandit family in Muradnagar, Uttar Pradesh. His parents originally hailed from Rainawari, a suburb in the city of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. They left Rainawari in the 1990s amid the Kashmiri Pandit exodus. Raina's father, Trilokchand Raina, was a military officer who used to manufacture bombs at an ordnance factory, while his mother, Parvesh Raina, was a housewife. He completed his schooling at a boarding school and moved to Lucknow in 1998 to attend Guru Gobind Singh Sports College. Raina completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce and also holds an honorary doctorate from Vels University, Chennai.

Domestic career
Raina rose to become the captain of the Uttar Pradesh U-16s and came to prominence amongst Indian selectors in 2002 when he was selected at the age of $15 1/2$ years for the U-19 tour to England, where he made a pair of half-centuries in the U-19 Test matches. He toured Sri Lanka later that year with the U-17 team.

He made his Ranji Trophy debut for Uttar Pradesh against Assam in February 2003 at the age of 16 but did not play another match until the following season. He debuted in List A Cricket against Madhya Pradesh at Indore in 2005 and scored 16 runs. He played for India green, UP under 16, India Blue, India Red, Rest of India, India under 19, Indian board's president's XI, Rajasthan Cricket association's president's XI, India seniors, Central zone. In Ranji trophy 2005-06 season he scored 620 in 6 games. In 2018 Akshdeep Nath replaced him as UP's Ranji trophy captain due to poor performance of scoring 105 runs in 9 innings averaging 11.66.

In late 2003, he toured Pakistan for the U-19 Asian ODI Championship before being selected for the 2004 U-19 World Cup, where he scored three half-centuries, including a 90 scored off only 38 balls. He was then awarded a Border-Gavaskar scholarship to train at the Australian Cricket Academy and in early 2005, he made his first-class limited overs debut, and scored 645 runs that season at an average of 53.75.

Indian Premier League
Raina was awarded "best fielder" by the BCCI ahead of the finals of IPL 2010. He played a vital half-century which turned the final to Chennai's tide who ultimately went on to become the champions beating the Mumbai Indians. For his performances in 2010, he was named in the ESPNcricinfo IPL XI.

For his performances in 2013, he was named in the ESPNcricinfo CLT20 XI.

On 30 May 2014, he made 87 runs out of 25 balls against Kings XI Punjab in qualifier 2. He missed the fastest century of the cricketing history by just 13 runs due to a runout. For his performances in 2014, he was named in the ESPNcricinfo IPL XI and ESPNcricinfo CLT20 XI.

In 2016, Raina was signed for the Gujarat Lions after the suspension of CSK. He captained the team for the season, and remained consistent with batting, scoring 399 runs in 15 innings. Raina had to leave for the Netherlands in between of season 9 for birth of his first child thus making him miss his first ever match in nine seasons of IPL.

On the occasion of the 10 year anniversary of IPL, he was also named in the all-time ESPNcricinfo IPL XI.

He was named in the Cricbuzz IPL XI of the tournament for 2017.

In IPL 2018, Raina was retained by the returning Super Kings for a price tag of 11 crore ($1.7 million). During the second game of the tournament, Raina suffered a calf injury, due to which he was ruled out of the next two games.

On 23 March 2019, in the first match of the 12th edition of the tournament against RCB, he became the first batsman to score 5000 runs in the IPL.

In 2020, Raina flew to UAE where the IPL was to be played due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with the Super Kings squad but days later returned to India and withdrew from the 2020 season of IPL citing personal reasons.

In 2021, Raina became the fourth player in IPL history to play 200 matches, behind MS Dhoni, Rohit Sharma and Dinesh Karthik.

He went unsold in the 2022 IPL Auctions. He then became a commentator for the tournament.

Other franchise cricket
In September 2022 he signed a contract with the Road Safety World Series league and played for 'Indian Legends' team.

In 2023, he was selected as the captain by Urbanrisers Hyderabad in Legends League Cricket and the team made it to the finals.

International career
Raina was one of the few best fielders during his time with Indian team. He played in middle order.

During the semi-final of 2011 Cricket World Cup, Raina batted with tailenders to score an unbeaten 36, a significant contribution to India's final tally of 260.

Apart from a half-century in the first Test of India tour of England 2011 at Lord's, Raina managed just 27 runs from seven innings. He struggled against short bowling and in the final Test was out for a 29-ball duck, the longest in India's Test history.

In the second ODI of Indian tour of Sri Lanka 2012, he was out for 1 but he came back stronger in the third ODI where he played 45 balls 65 to hand India a five-wicket win and he eventually also won the man of the match award for his performance. After the Tour of Sri Lanka, when the England team came to India, he was dropped and his spot was given to Yuvraj Singh, who made a comeback after suffering from cancer.

He was named as 12th man in the 'Team of the Tournament' for the 2012 T20 World Cup by the ICC.

His knock of 100 against England during England tour of India 2012–13 at Cardiff was nominated to be one of the best ODI batting performance of the year by ESPNcricinfo.

Raina was not selected in India's first tour to USA, where they played against West Indies for 2 T20Is. However, he made a re-entry to the ODI team for a series against New Zealand. Later he was ruled out due to Chikungunya.

In 2011, India toured West Indies after the World Cup with captain MS Dhoni rested and vice-captain Virender Sehwag injured. Gautam Gambhir was named the captain for the ODIs and T20's with Raina as his deputy. But due to injury, Gautam Gambhir was ruled out with Raina captaining with Harbhajan Singh as his deputy. During the 2014 Bangladesh series, he led his team to a 2–0 victory in the series. During the 2nd match of the series, India was all out for 105 runs while batting first. Suresh Raina and his team successfully defended the total of 105 runs, winning the match by 47 runs.

Raina returned to the Indian T20 international side in February 2018 on the back of his recent performance in domestic cricket particularly Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. He was named in the Indian T20I squad where India would face South Africa in three match T20I series. The series went well for him as he became the talk of the town as he smashed 43 runs off 27 balls to help India post a competitive total on board in the final T20I. Not just that, he also chipped in with the ball, returning with figures of 1/27 off his 3 overs and was rewarded with the Man of the Match award. In October 2018, he was named in India C's squad for the 2018–19 Deodhar Trophy.

Raina announced his retirement from all formats of international cricket on 15 August 2020, minutes after the retirement of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. On Instagram, Raina said "It was nothing but lovely playing with you, @mahi7781. With my heart full of pride, I choose to join you in your journey. Thank you India. Jai Hind."

Playing style
Raina is an attacking middle order left handed batter. He had more success in limited over cricket than in test. He has weakness of short pitched balls and throughout his career opposition teams tried to exploit this weakness. Also in Ranji trophy he has struggled against short balls. He has been widely criticised for his short ball weakness. He is part time off break bowler. His favourite scoring area is mid wickets on side. Most of the times he plays inside out off drive shot. While trying to hit on off side, he creates room for himself. He is particularly strong on the leg side, where he employs a wide array of shots, including the flick, pull, and slog sweep.

In addition to his batting skills, Raina is an exceptional fielder, renowned for his agility, sharp reflexes, and throwing accuracy. He is often stationed in the inner ring, saving runs and effecting crucial run-outs. Former South African Cricketer Jonty Rhodes has ranked Suresh Raina as Number 1 in his 'top fielders' list

Personal life
Suresh Raina's father Trilokchand Raina was a military officer in an ordinance factory. His family left 'Rainawari' in Jammu and Kashmir union territory of India amid the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus in the 1990s and settled down in Muradnagar town, Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh. Raina trained in the Guru Gobind Singh sports college, Lucknow in 1998. Raina has a sister and his one elder brother is in Indian Army.

Raina married Priyanka on 3 April 2015. They have two children.

Raina's uncle Ashok Kumar was assaulted during a robbery in their house in Punjab, and didn't survive. Due to this, Raina withdrew from 2020 IPL season to be with his family.

Raina received an honorary doctorate from Vels University on 5 August 2022.

12 July 2023 is the Grand Opening of his Indian restaurant in Amsterdam, where he will be serving authentic Indian cuisine.

Achievements

 * He was the first Indian player to score 6000 as well as 8000 runs in his Twenty20 career.
 * He is the first Indian player to score a century in International T20 and Champions League Twenty20.
 * He is the first ever cricketer to reach 5,000 runs in IPL.
 * He holds the record of most no.of catches (107) in the IPL.
 * He is the second after Chris Gayle and first Indian player to hit 100 sixes in the IPL.
 * He is the highest run scorer in the CLT20 (842 runs)
 * He holds the record for scoring the most fifties in Champions League T20 history(6)
 * He holds the record for the most runs scored in the powerplay in an IPL match

title: Suresh Raina


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User:KEK

bokstävlarna

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:KEK


text:
User talk:Wonk619

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wonk619


text:
User talk:ArthurSB73

Brief Bio
I am Involved in Real Estate, Computer Services, and Genealogy with an interest in History.

I will fill this in more when I Figure out what all I should put it here.

title: User talk:ArthurSB73


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User:Hvidberg/Sandbox

= Obregonia =

Obregonia denegrii

Obregonia (Frič 1925) is a ... Alberto Vojtěch Frič ... O. closely related to Lophhophora (link to butterworth) ... named after Álvaro Obregón ...

Reference

 * Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001) ISBN 0-88192-498-9, p. 484
 * Edward F. Anderson et al., Threatened Cacti of Mexico (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1994) ISBN 0-947643-70-2, pp. 70-72
 * Curt Backeberg, Das Kakteenlexikon, 5th edition (Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1979), p. 307

= Lophophora =

Lophophora (J. M. Coulter 1894)...

Reference

 * Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001) ISBN 0-88192-498-9, pp. 396-397

 * Edward F. Anderson, Peyote: The Divine Cactus (University of Arizona Press; 2nd edition, 1996) ISBN 0-8165-1654-5

 * Lyman Benson, Cacti of the United States and Canada (Stanford University Press, 1983) ISBN 0-8047-0863-0, pp. 680-683

 * John M. Coulter, Preliminary revision of the North American species of Cactus, Anhalonium, and Lophophora (Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium 3(2), 1894)

 * Rudolf Grym, Rod/Die Gattung Lophophora (Vydavateľstvo Igor Dráb, 1997) ISBN 80-85441-11-X

title: User:Hvidberg/Sandbox


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Victor Veselago

Victor Georgievich Veselago (Виктор Гиоргиевич Веселаго; 13 June 1929 – 15 September 2018) was a Soviet Russian physicist, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, and a university professor. In 1967, he was the first to publish a theoretical analysis of materials with negative permittivity, ε, and permeability, μ.

He published his seminal work in a paper entitled "''The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ε and μ". It was first published in Russian (1967), and was later translated into English (1968). His published paper was key to the advancement of physics research in electrodynamics and optics. It has been cited 4118 times by other scientific works, according to Cross ref and 15,378 times according to Google Scholar as of February 2024.

He received awards and continued to contribute to electrodynamics throughout his career.

Background
In the senior years of his high school he was an avid ham radio amateur. This hobby sparked an interest in the workings of electricity, and more generally, an interest in physics. Veselago enrolled in the Physico-Technical Department, of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. This department had at that time was just recently opened at this university. He matriculated for four years there. These university years were the happiest time of his life.

Professor Mark Yefremovich Zhabotinsky supervised Veselago's project for his graduation diploma. This same professor also helped him to build a foundation in radio electronics and electrodynamics. Also, as a result of reading the book "What is radio?", which popularized the subject he became involved in the amateur field of Ham Radio. Veselago then studied under the author of the book, Professor Semen Emmanuilovich Khaikin, for three summers at the P N Lebedev FIAN Radioastronomy Station in Crimea. He also studied under Professor Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, who lectured on the theory of oscillations. These three professors had a notable impact on Veselago.

It appears that the most significant event of his career, and the most important moment in his life was when he realized that materials with both negative permittivity and permeability are possible.

He was also on the advisory board of the peer reviewed journal Metamaterials, along with a number of other notable board members who have significantly contributed to metamaterial research. The journal was first published in March, 2007.

In 2009, Victor Vesalgo won the C.E.K. Mees Medal from the Optical Society of America (OSA). The recipient is awarded this medal because he or she "exemplifies the thought that 'optics transcends all boundaries,' interdisciplinary and international alike."

Results and importance of first published work
His first paper was "The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ε and μ". Up to this point, the refractive index was traditionally regarded as having only positive values. In this paper he was able to show that refractive index may also be negative. He hypothesized that negative refraction can occur if both the (electric) permittivity and the magnetic permeability of a material are negative. This prediction was confirmed 33 years later when David Smith et al., created a composite material with negative refractive index. Veselago also predicted a flat plate consisting of these materials will produce some curved lens properties. Sir John Pendry demonstrated this prediction in the lab and noted greatly improved optical resolution. This it has been named the Veselago lens.

After Smith's and Pendry's accomplishments with metamaterials, Veselago realized that the most important contribution of his original paper is not that a composite material can be designed to produce a negative refraction, but that a composite material can be designed to produce any value for permittivity and permeability. At least a part of his research goals was then to critically reconsider all formulas of classical electrodynamics that involve permittivity, permeability or refractive index. The fact that prior research is based on positive values for these parameters leads to erroneous solutions when negative values are considered or researched. He stated that many of these formulas need to be corrected.

Veselago perceived that the next big breakthrough with metamaterials will be the fabrication of transparent low-absorption metamaterials with negative refraction in the visible spectrum range.

Education
Victor Veselago attended Moscow University and graduated from there in 1952. He received his PhD in 1959 for investigation of molecular spectra with radiospectropy. He later received a Doctor of Science degree in Solid State Physics in 1974 for his investigation of solid states in magnetic fields. His doctorate and Doctor of Science degree were both achieved at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, where he worked (see Career section below).

Career
After graduating Moscow University in 1952, he went to work with the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He was there from 1952 to 1983. In 1983 he became Head of Laboratory of Magnetic Materials in the Lebedev Physical Institute.

In 1980 he became a professor of applied physics for the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Moreover, he was noted to have been mainly interested in the sciences of magnetism, solid-state physics, and electrodynamics.

Besides notable work establishing and publishing the theory of negative refraction in electrodynamics from 1966 to 1972 he is a winner of the State Prize for Science of the USSR (1976), and a winner of the academician V.A. Fock prize (2004), and an Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2002). In 2011, Professor Victor G. Veselago was nominated for the Nobel Prize. In 2007, he was actively involved as an expert for the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research, and was the vice-chairman of the physics department of the Supreme Attestation Committee of Russia (VAK). He was a founder and vice-editor of the electronic Russian scientific journal "Исследовано в России" ("Investigated in Russia").

V. Veselago was married and had three daughters along with one son. His favorite animal was a female cat named Fifa. His notable hobby was real railways, not hobby sets.

title: Victor Veselago


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Jackyl (album)

Jackyl is the debut album by American rock band Jackyl. It was released on August 11, 1992, on Geffen. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

Background
The record's clean issuance omits "She Loves My Cock." Likewise, on the cover art of edited versions, the "Parental Advisory" logo in the background is altered to say "Meaty bones beware of Jackyl."

Music videos were made for the tracks "The Lumberjack" (featuring the band performing at a wooded shack, complete with the chainsaw solo), "I Stand Alone" (featuring the band performing in front of a K-Mart as a protest for the store refusing to sell their album), "Down On Me", "Dirty Little Mind", "When Will It Rain" and "Back Off Brother".

Critical reception
The St. Petersburg Times opined that "Jackyl's lunacy is certainly inspired, and its self-deprecating attitude is refreshing."

Track listing
All songs written by Jesse Dupree except as noted.
 * 1) "I Stand Alone" - 3:58
 * 2) "Dirty Little Mind" - 3:30
 * 3) "Down on Me" - 4:03
 * 4) "When Will It Rain" - 4:34
 * 5) "Redneck Punk" (Jeff Worley/Ronnie Honeycutt) - 3:37
 * 6) "The Lumberjack" - 3:32
 * 7) "Reach for Me" (Jesse Dupree/John Hayes) - 3:34
 * 8) "Back off Brother" - 3:25
 * 9) "Brain Drain" (Jeff Worley/Jimmy Stiff) - 4:58
 * 10) "Just Like a Devil" - 3:34
 * 11) "She Loves My Cock" - 3:51

Personnel

 * Jesse James Dupree – vocals, chainsaw
 * Jeff Worley – lead guitar
 * Jimmy Stiff – rhythm guitar
 * Thomas Bettini – bass
 * Chris Worley – drums

title: Jackyl (album)


text:
User:Joeadk

Hola

title: User:Joeadk


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Flip Saunders

Philip Daniel "Flip" Saunders (February 23, 1955 – October 25, 2015) was an American basketball player and coach. During his career, he coached the La Crosse Catbirds, Minnesota Timberwolves, Detroit Pistons, and Washington Wizards.

High school and college player
Saunders was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was an All-state basketball player at Cuyahoga Heights High School in suburban Cleveland. In his senior season, 1973, he was named Ohio's Class A High School Basketball Player of the Year, leading the state in scoring average with 32.0 points per game. At the University of Minnesota, he started 101 of his 103 career contests and as a senior, teamed with Ray Williams, Mychal Thompson, Kevin McHale, and Osborne Lockhart.

College
Saunders began his coaching career at Golden Valley Lutheran College where he compiled a 92–13 record, including a perfect 56–0 mark at home, in four seasons. In 1981, he became an assistant coach at his alma mater, Minnesota, and helped guide the Golden Gophers to the Big Ten championship that season. After five seasons at Minnesota, he became an assistant coach at the University of Tulsa where he worked for two seasons before heading to the pro ranks.

Rapid City, La Crosse, and Sioux Falls (CBA)
Saunders became the coach of the Rapid City Thrillers of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) in the 1988–89 season, where future Kings and Warriors head coach Eric Musselman served as the team's general manager. Musselman's father, Bill Musselman, had recruited Flip when Bill was head coach at the University of Minnesota.

Saunders then later moved to the La Crosse Catbirds for five seasons (1989–94), where he won two CBA Championships, before coaching in 1994–95 with the Sioux Falls Skyforce. He also served as general manager (1991–93) and team president (1991–94) of the Catbirds. Saunders' impressive CBA tenure included seven consecutive seasons of 30 or more victories, two CBA championships (1990, 1992), two CBA Coach of the Year honors (1989, 1992) and 23 CBA-to-NBA player promotions.

Saunders would leave after seven productive seasons as a head coach in the CBA, where he ranks second with 253 career victories.

Minnesota Timberwolves (NBA)
Saunders joined the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on May 11, 1995, as general manager, working under his former Minnesota teammate, Kevin McHale. On December 18, 1995, Saunders was named head coach of the Timberwolves, replacing Bill Blair.

This happened shortly after McHale had taken over the basketball operations for the Timberwolves. He then added the coaching duties to his GM responsibilities after the team had gotten off to a 6–14 start. The Timberwolves went 20–42 the rest of the year, but the emergence of young Kevin Garnett as a front-line NBA player was a huge plus over the second half of the season.

He guided with difficulty the Timberwolves to their first-ever playoff berth in the 1996–97 season, his first full season as an NBA head coach. A year later, he led the Timberwolves to their first-ever winning season. They went on to a franchise-record 50 victories in 1999–2000 which was duplicated in 2001–2002.

After the Timberwolves' success in the 2003–04 NBA season, in which they won their first (and to date, only) division title and advanced to the Western Conference finals, they struggled in the 2004–05 season. On February 12, 2005, McHale fired Saunders and named himself head coach for the rest of the season. McHale was unable to right the ship, and the Wolves finished one game out of the playoffs, the first time they had missed the playoffs in nine years. Many fans believed that Saunders' firing was unwarranted, citing instead the contract troubles of Sam Cassell and Latrell Sprewell as the reasons for the team's failure. However, many also acknowledged that Saunders had coached ten years in Minnesota, and perhaps a new voice was needed.

Detroit Pistons (NBA)
Saunders replaced Larry Brown as coach of the Detroit Pistons on July 21, 2005. In his first season in Detroit, Saunders coached the Eastern Conference All-Stars in the 2006 NBA All-Star Game in Houston, Texas, and the Pistons became just the fifth team in NBA history to have four All-Stars in the same season (Ben Wallace, Rasheed Wallace, Rip Hamilton and Chauncey Billups). After a 70-point first half performance from the Western Conference All-Stars, Saunders notably played all four Pistons for majority of the second half, to propel a defensive turnaround that allowed the East to overcome a 21-point deficit and win the game. The Pistons finished 64–18—their best record in franchise history—and the best record in the NBA that season. The Pistons defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in five games in the first round, and the Cleveland Cavaliers in seven games to reach the Eastern Conference finals before losing to the eventual NBA champions Miami Heat.

The following season, despite losing four-time All-Star and four-time Defensive Player of the Year Ben Wallace to free agency, Saunders led Detroit to a 53–29 record, good for first in the East. Once again the Pistons were able to reach the Eastern Conference finals, but they were defeated by the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games.

The 2007–08 season saw the Pistons finish with their third-best record in franchise history at 59–23. Detroit did not finish first in the Eastern Conference as they had the previous two seasons, instead finishing as the second seed for the playoffs. Saunders did still lead them to the Eastern Conference finals once again, but they lost to the Boston Celtics, who went on to win the NBA Finals that year.

On June 3, 2008, just days after the loss to the Celtics, Saunders was fired as head coach. Pistons president of basketball operations Joe Dumars said the team needed a "new voice". According to a post-mortem by ESPN's Chris Sheridan, Saunders never really earned the respect of the Pistons locker room, and was unable to get them to raise their game at crucial moments. Chauncey Billups, who played for Saunders in Minnesota as well as Detroit, refuted Sheridan's report.

In his three years in Detroit, Saunders led the Pistons to three consecutive Central Division titles and three consecutive appearances in the Eastern Conference finals (part of a run of six consecutive Conference finals appearances dating to 2002–03). As of 2023, the Pistons have not won a division title or playoff game since his firing, and have only had one season above a .500 record.

Washington Wizards (NBA)
On April 14, 2009, Saunders reached an agreement to become the new coach of the Washington Wizards. The deal was reportedly worth $18 million over 4 years.

On January 24, 2012, Saunders was fired as the coach of the Wizards. Replaced by former Minnesota Timberwolves head coach Randy Wittman, Saunders departed the Wizards with a record of 51–130.

Second stint with Minnesota Timberwolves
On June 6, 2014, Saunders was named the head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, returning to the franchise for a second stint. During his second stint with the Timberwolves, Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. During his recovery, he delegated his coaching position to assistant coach and former NBA Coach of the Year winner Sam Mitchell. His 427 wins during parts of ten seasons in two stints are the most in franchise history and, until the 2017–18 season, he was the only coach to lead the Timberwolves to a winning season or coach a playoff game.

Boston Celtics (NBA)
On April 29, 2012, Saunders joined the Boston Celtics as an advisor.

Return to Timberwolves
On May 3, 2013, Saunders was named the Timberwolves' President of Basketball Operations. On June 5, 2014, Saunders was named head coach as well. During his recovery from Hodgkin's Lymphoma, he delegated his duties within the front office to the team's general manager Milt Newton.

Personal life
Saunders and his wife Debbie had four children. Their son, Ryan, is a former guard for the University of Minnesota, Flip's alma mater, and later became an NBA assistant coach for the Wizards and Wolves, the head coach of the Wolves and won an NBA championship as an assistant coach for the Denver Nuggets in 2023. His daughter, Mindy also attended the University of Minnesota and was a member of the dance team. Flip's twin daughters, Kim and Rachel, also attended the University of Minnesota. Together, they danced on the University of Minnesota Dance Team for 4 years – winning 8 national championships and a World Championship.

According to Saunders, he was about 20 yd (60 feet) away from the I-35W Mississippi River bridge collapse on August 1, 2007, in Minneapolis.

Death
On August 11, 2015, Saunders announced he had been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, for which he was undergoing treatment. Saunders planned to remain the Timberwolves' head coach and president. However, after Saunders was hospitalized for more than a month following complications in September, team owner Glen Taylor announced that Saunders would miss the next season. Saunders died on October 25, 2015, at the age of 60. On February 15, 2018, the Timberwolves held a "Flip Saunders Night" during which a permanent banner was unveiled in the Target Center honoring Saunders. A little over three years after his death, Flip's son Ryan Saunders took over as the Timberwolves' head coach following the firing of Tom Thibodeau.

On January 4, 2020, the south gymnasium at Cuyahoga Heights High School in Cuyahoga Heights, Ohio was renamed in Flip's honor. The event was attended by Flip's wife Debbie Saunders, Flip's son and former Minnesota Timberwolves head coach Ryan Saunders, other members of the Saunders' family as well as by the entire 2020 Minnesota Timberwolves basketball team.

Head coaching record
Source:

title: Flip Saunders


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Talk:Scouting in New Jersey

Out of date
This list is out of date and needs to be updated. -- ZeWrestler | Talk 19:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Mortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation
Mortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation
 * Oppose -evrik 19:30, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose - the Schiff Reservation is a national entity, not a state or council one. The New Jersey entry doesn't talk about other national entities (like the national office) having been in that state, so why talk about Schiff? Rick Smith 21:35, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Frank Gray
Frank Fellows Gray
 * Merge If this isn't merged, it'll get speedied for too little info and non-notable.Rlevse 10:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge per Rlevse. --Gadget850 ( Ed) 11:18, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * merge per nom. Chris 03:57, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Sakuwit Lodge 2
Sakuwit Lodge 2
 * Oppose --evrik (talk) 14:38, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose – too large to merge --Bwpach 12:59, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Closed; merge failed --— Gadget850 (Ed)  talk  -  14:22, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Attention tag
Now that Pahaquarra Boy Scout Camp has been merged, it really needs a good cleaning up. Chris 01:14, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Scout Camps
If you're going to include scout camps, Central Jersey also has Yards Creek. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 14:50, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Historical council information to be folded in
Historical council information to be folded in — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kintetsubuffalo (talk • contribs) 12:05, 20 September 2006

 * New Jersey Bound Brook Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Pleasantville Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey River Edge Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Union Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Vineland Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Weehawken Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey West Hoboken Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey West New York Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Woodbury Council 1917 1918
 * New Jersey Bellville Council 1918
 * New Jersey Riverside Council 1918
 * New Jersey Camey's Point Council 1917 1919
 * New Jersey Hackensack Council 1917 1919
 * New Jersey High Bridge Council 1917 1919
 * New Jersey Leonia Council 1917 1919
 * New Jersey Irvington Council 1917 1920
 * New Jersey Bernardsville Council 1919 1921
 * New Jersey Central Hudson Council 1919 1921
 * New Jersey Ocean City Council 1919 1921
 * New Jersey Summit Council 1918 1922
 * New Jersey Irvington Council 1922 1923
 * New Jersey 361 Tenafly Council 1920 1924 ended 1924
 * New Jersey    Pleasantville Council 1921 1924
 * New Jersey 348 Jamesburg Council 1943 1951 ended 1951
 * New Jersey 345 South Orange Council 1917 1919 changed name to Orange Mountain 345 1919
 * New Jersey 359 Ridgewood Council 1915 1922 changed name to Ridgewood and Glenrock 359 1922
 * New Jersey 339 Englewood Council 1919 1925 changed name to North Bergen County 350 1925
 * New Jersey 355 Paterson Council 1915 1927 changed name to Paterson Area 355 1927
 * New Jersey 333 Bloomfield Council 1917 1929 merged into Bloomfield-Nutley 333 1929
 * New Jersey 334 Caldwell Council 1918 1929 changed name to Caldwell 820 1929
 * New Jersey 340 Glen Ridge Council 1912 1929 changed name to Glen Ridge 821 1929
 * New Jersey 352 Nutley Council 1917 1929 merged into Bloomfield-Nutley 333 1929
 * New Jersey 346 Montclair Council 1913 1931 changed name to Eagle Rock 346 1931
 * New Jersey 820 Caldwell Council 1929 1931 merged into Montclair 346 1931
 * New Jersey 821 Glen Ridge Council 1929 1931 merged into Montclair 346 1931
 * New Jersey 337 East Orange Council 1915 1933 merged into Oranges and Maplewood Area 337 1933
 * New Jersey 345 Orange Mountain Council 1919 1933 merged into Oranges and Maplewood Area 337 1933
 * New Jersey 349 Newark Council 1915 1933 changed name to Robert Treat 349 1933
 * New Jersey 353 Orange Council 1917 1933 merged into Oranges and Maplewood Area 337 1933
 * New Jersey 363 West Orange Council 1917 1933 merged into Oranges and Maplewood Area 337 1933
 * New Jersey 333 Bloomfield-Nutley Council 1929 1935 changed name to Tamarack 333 1935
 * New Jersey 360 South Bergen County Council 1919 1932 merged into Tamarack 333 1935
 * New Jersey 341 Hoboken Council 1921 1936 merged into Hudson 342 1936
 * New Jersey 342 Jersey City Council 1918 1936 merged into Hudson 342 1936
 * New Jersey 351 North Hudson Council 1919 1936 changed name to Alexander Hamilton 351 1936
 * New Jersey 354 Passaic Council 1918 1939 changed name to Aheka 354 1939
 * New Jersey 355 Paterson Area Council 1927 1942 changed name to Alhtaha 355 1942
 * New Jersey 337 Oranges and Maplewood Area Council 1933 1949 changed name to Orange Mountain 337 1949
 * New Jersey 342 Hudson Council 1937 1968 merged into Hudson-Hamilton 348 1968
 * New Jersey 351 Alexander Hamilton Council 1937 1968 merged into Hudson-Hamilton 348 1968
 * New Jersey 350 North Bergen County Council 1921 1969 changed name to Bergen 350 1969
 * New Jersey 354 Aheka Council 1939 1972 merged into Passaic Valley 353 1972
 * New Jersey 355 Alhtaha Council 1942 1972 merged into Passaic Valley 353 1972
 * New Jersey 337 Orange Mountain Council 1949 1976 merged into Essex 336 1976
 * New Jersey 346 Eagle Rock Council 1931 1976 merged into Essex 336 1976
 * New Jersey 349 Robert Treat Council 1933 1976 merged into Essex 336 1976
 * New Jersey 333 Tamarack Council 1935 1986 1/2 merged into Essex 336 1986
 * New Jersey 333 Tamarack Council 1935 1986 1/2 merged into Bergen 350 1986
 * New Jersey 332 Bayonne Council 1918 1993 February 1 merged into Hudson Liberty 348 1993 February 1
 * New Jersey 348 Hudson-Hamilton Council 1968 1993 February 1 merged into Hudson Liberty 348 1993 February 1
 * New Jersey 359 Ridgewood-Glen Rock Council 1922 1997 August 1 merged into Bergen 350 1997 August 1
 * New Jersey 336 Essex Council 1976 1998 December 31 merged into Northern New Jersey 1998 December 31
 * New Jersey 348 Hudson Liberty Council 1993 February 1 1998 December 31 merged into Northern New Jersey 1998 December 31
 * New Jersey 350 Bergen Council 1969 1998 December 31 merged into Northern New Jersey 1998 December 31
 * New Jersey 353 Passaic Valley Council 1973 1998 December 31 merged into Northern New Jersey 1998 December 31
 * New Jersey 333 Northern New Jersey Council 1999 January 1
 * New Jersey 335 Camden Council 1915 1921 changed name to Camden County 335 1921
 * New Jersey 336 Cumberland County Council 1919 1944 changed name to South Jersey 336 1944
 * New Jersey 336 South Jersey Council 1944 1967 merged into Southern New Jersey 334 1967
 * New Jersey 678 Gloucester-Salem Council 1924 1967 merged into Southern New Jersey 334 1967
 * New Jersey 335 Camden County Council 1921 1998 merged into Southern New Jersey 334 1998
 * New Jersey 334 Southern New Jersey Council 1967
 * New Jersey 331 Atlantic City Council 1918 1926 changed name to Atlantic Area 331 1926
 * New Jersey 339 Lenape Area Council 1929 1932 merged into Atlantic Area 331 1932
 * New Jersey 331 Atlantic Area Council 1926 1992 June 1 merged into Jersey Shore 341 1992 June 1
 * New Jersey 341 Ocean County Council 1940 1992 June 1 merged into Jersey Shore 341 1992 June 1
 * New Jersey 341 Jersey Shore Council 1992 June 1
 * New Jersey 347 Monmouth County Council 1916 1928 changed name to Monmouth 347 1928
 * New Jersey 347 Monmouth Council 1928 1937 changed name to Monmouth-Ocean 347 1937
 * New Jersey 347 Monmouth-Ocean Council 1937 1940 changed name to Monmouth 347 1940
 * New Jersey 347 Monmouth Council 1940
 * New Jersey 357 Princeton Council 1918 1925 merged into Trenton Area 362 1925
 * New Jersey 362 Trenton Council 1915 1925 merged into Trenton Area 362 1925
 * New Jersey 362 Trenton Area Council 1925 1926 changed name to Trenton-Mercer Area 362 1926
 * New Jersey 356 Perth Amboy Council 1919 1927 changed name to Raritan 356 1927
 * New Jersey 344 New Brunswick Council 1916 1929 changed name to Middlesex 344 1929
 * New Jersey 362 Trenton-Mercer Area Council 1926 1937 changed name to George Washington 362 1937
 * New Jersey 344 Middlesex Council 1929 1969 merged into Thomas A. Edison 352 1969
 * New Jersey 356 Raritan Council 1927 1969 merged into Thomas A. Edison 352 1969
 * New Jersey 352 Thomas A. Edison Council 1969 1999 January 1 merged into Central New Jersey 1999 January 1
 * New Jersey 362 George Washington Council 1937 1999 January 1 merged into Central New Jersey 1999 January 1
 * New Jersey 352 Central New Jersey Council 1999
 * New Jersey    Central Union Council 1919 1922 merged into Plainfield 358 1925
 * New Jersey 343 Madison Council 1919 1924 merged into Morris County 343 1924
 * New Jersey 348 Morristown Council 1917 1924 merged into Morris County 343 1924
 * New Jersey 343 Morris County Council 1924 1925 changed name to Morris and Sussex Area 343 1925
 * New Jersey 358 Plainfield Council 1915 1926 changed name to Watchung Area 358 1926
 * New Jersey 338 Elizabeth Council 1916 1928 changed name to Union 338 1928
 * New Jersey 343 Morris and Sussex Area Council 1925 1928 changed name to Morris Area 343 1928
 * New Jersey 776 Tok-Hok-Nok Council 1927 1931 merged into Morris Area 343 1935
 * New Jersey 343 Morris Area Council 1928 1936 changed name to Morris-Sussex 343 1936
 * New Jersey 338 Union Council 1928 1980 merged into Watchung Area 358 1980
 * New Jersey 343 Morris-Sussex Council 1936 1999 July 1 merged into Patriots Path 1999 July 1
 * New Jersey 358 Watchung Area Council 1926 1999 July 1 merged into Patriots Path 1999 July 1
 * New Jersey 358 Patriots Path Council 1999
 * New Jersey    Burlington Council 1919 1924
 * New Jersey 690 Burlington County Council 1925

Northern New Jersey Council
about this edit at Northern New Jersey Council, www.angelfire.com/tx6/patch/cspbook.html is used a reference on more than 100 articles. It is the authoritative source on the history of the councils. Refer to the section above. --evrik (talk) 02:40, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * So, because more than 100 articles are using the same source, that means it's a WP:RS? What makes the author(s) authoritative?  WP:RSSELF says Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established expert on the subject matter, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications.  How does this qualify? -- RoySmith (talk) 03:03, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * You said you were a scout, right? Did you ever collect CSPs? Up to 2003 this was the authoritative resource on all the councils that had been founded and closed by the BSA. As a tool to the patch traders, they compiled from BSA sources all the councils. There are a couple of others works like this (look here: List_of_defunct_councils_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)). --evrik (talk) 03:50, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, I was a scout. I learned many things which have served me well my entire life.  Never got into patch trading, however.  But, that's not really the issue.  The issue is whether this is a RS.  I get that the community of patch traders accept it as such, but enwiki has higher standards.  I'm going to ask at WP:RSN to see what folks there think. -- RoySmith (talk) 14:03, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Scouting in New Jersey


text: File:Beth single.jpg

title: File:Beth single.jpg


text:
How to Murder Your Wife

How to Murder Your Wife is a 1965 American black comedy film from United Artists, produced by George Axelrod, directed by Richard Quine, that stars Jack Lemmon and Virna Lisi. Quine also directed Lemmon in My Sister Eileen, It Happened to Jane, Operation Mad Ball, The Notorious Landlady and Bell, Book and Candle.

The comic strip art featured in the film was credited to Mel Keefer, who drew newspaper comic strips such as Perry Mason, Mac Divot and Rick O'Shay. Comics artist Alex Toth did a teaser comic strip in Keefer's style that ran in The Hollywood Reporter and in several newspapers promoting the film for ten days prior to its theatrical opening.

Plot
Stanley Ford is a successful newspaper cartoonist. He enjoys his bachelorhood in his New York City townhouse, with his loyal and attentive valet, Charles Firbank. Stanley's widely syndicated comic strip, Bash Brannigan, is a secret-agent thriller, and Stanley insists Brannigan will not be shown doing anything which Stanley himself has not actually done, which he ensures by enacting storylines, playing Brannigan, while Charles takes photographs which Stanley uses as visual references when drawing the comic strip.

While attending a bachelor party for his friend Tobey Rawlins, Stanley becomes intoxicated and somehow ends up marrying the beautiful Italian woman who appears out of a cake, with an equally drunk judge performing the impromptu wedding. The following morning, Stanley wakes up and, even as he gazes at his naked wife sprawled on the bed, bitterly regrets it. Refusing to work for married couples, Charles storms off to start packing. Stanley's attempt to discuss the situation with his new wife backfires when it emerges that she does not speak English. His lawyer, Harold Lampson, advises him that a divorce is not possible without legal justification.

Stanley's new bride is cheerful, affectionate, sexy and a skilled cook, despite only speaking Italian. To learn English, she spends time with Harold's manipulative, hen-pecking wife Edna, who speaks fluent Italian, but she also learns Edna's manipulative ways. Charles resigns, taking a new job with the jilted Rawlins. Stanley now finds his bathroom filled with beauty products and lingerie, and he is kept awake at night by his wife constantly watching television, which she says helps with her English. She keeps a yapping little dog, her Italian cooking causes his weight to increase, and she announces that her mother will be coming from Rome to live with them.

Working at home, Stanley becomes increasingly irritated by the constant presence of his wife, and he changes his Bash Brannigan newspaper strip from the exploits of a daring secret agent to a domestic household comedy, The Brannigans, but it remains wildly popular. In a bid for some privacy, Stanley calls a meeting of his associates at his all-male health club. When Edna learns of the meeting, she telephones Mrs. Ford and arouses her suspicions about Stanley's activities. Mrs. Ford sneaks into the club to confront her husband, resulting in Stanley being banned for violating its "no women" policy.

Stanley concocts a plot in his comic strip for Brannigan to kill his wife by drugging her and disposing of her body in concrete on the construction site next to his townhouse, so that Brannigan can resume his career as a secret agent. As usual, he enacts the events live before drawing the strip, drugging his wife during a cocktail party, but using a department-store mannequin to play out her burial in the concrete from the mixer.

The next morning, while Stanley is sleeping, Mrs. Ford sees the finished comic strip describing Stanley's murder plan. Heartbroken, she leaves, taking only her dog. After publication of the comic strip in the newspapers, and with Mrs. Ford having disappeared without explanation, Stanley is arrested and charged with murder, with his comic strips used as prosecution evidence at the trial. Facing a possible conviction, Stanley takes up his own defense and pleads justifiable homicide, appealing to the all-male jury's frustrations regarding their own wives and marriages. He is acquitted unanimously, and the men in the courtroom applaud wildly and carry Stanley out on their shoulders.

Accompanied by a joyful Charles, Stanley goes home and sees traces that his wife has returned and is in their bedroom. Charles reminds him that killing her now would not have any legal consequences, since Stanley has been acquitted of her murder and trying him again would constitute double jeopardy. However, when he enters their bedroom, he finds her naked under the covers, and she silently invites him to join her, which he does. Charles enters what used to be his bedroom and finds Mrs. Ford's mother, who has arrived with her daughter and is unpacking. Like Charles, she has a prominent tooth gap, and there is instant chemistry between them. Breaking the fourth wall, Charles closes the door.

Awards

 * Jack Lemmon won the Golden Laurel for Male Comedy Performance at the Laurel Awards.
 * Claire Trevor was nominated for Golden Laurel for Female Supporting Performance.
 * Jack Lemmon was also nominated for BAFTA Film Award for Best Foreign Actor.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Neal Hefti.

Reception
The film holds a 64% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2 out of ten. Variety stated: “Finesse and desire aren't enough to overcome the fact that Axelrod's script doesn't make the most of its potentially antic situations.” The opinion of Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was: “Never have I seen a movie, serious, comic or otherwise, that so frankly, deliberately and grossly belittled and ridiculed wives” and “this stuff is funny just so long as one can go with the sour joke- -and that depends upon one's tolerance of trivia and also, perhaps, upon whether one is a fellow or a girl".

Cultural references

 * The film is referenced in Fawlty Towers in the episode "The Wedding Party". Basil Fawlty says: “Yes, awfully good, I saw it six times”. In the Italian version of the film, both Stanley's wife and mother-in-law are Greek.

title: How to Murder Your Wife


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/JarlaxleArtemis 2/Workshop

This is a page for working on arbitration decisions. It provides for work by Arbitrators and comment by the parties and others. After the analysis of evidence here and development of proposed principles, findings of fact and remedies please place proposed items you have confidence in on Requests for arbitration/JarlaxleArtemis 2/Proposed decision.

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Mitsurugi

Mitsurugi is a Japanese surname.

Kanji
The name Mitsurugi consists of two elements: mi, whose meaning differs based on the kanji used to write it (for example meaning "beautiful",  meaning "three", or  meaning "heavenly"), and tsurugi, a kind of sword (which might be written, or with variants like  or ).

People

 * Motoka Mitsurugi (三剣もとか), Japanese manga artist

Fictional characters

 * Heishiro Mitsurugi (御剣 平四郎) in the Soulcalibur series of video games
 * Tamao Mitsurugi (御剣 珠緒) in the Variable Geo series of video games
 * Miles Edgeworth, known as Reiji Mitsurugi (御剣 怜侍) in the original Japanese versions of the Ace Attorney series of video games
 * Kyoya Mitsurugi (御剣 響夜) in the light novel series KonoSuba

title: Mitsurugi


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Talk:Vocal weight

Proposed edits
I happened upon this article via another, and I have a few questions/potential objections that I thought I'd ask about before just jumping in and editing. In no particular order:

--George 02:57, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The classification "piccolo" simply doesn't exist for voice. I've read a fair bit on vocal training and I've never seen it. A Google seach doesn't turn it up anywhere except here and answers.com, which gets it from here; the Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians doesn't list it. Looking at various article histories, in particular the one on the piccolo, it seems to be something that an unregisterd user put in an article and has since spread. If someone can point me to a real source that uses this term I'm fine with it, but I certainly don't know of such a thing.
 * Same point with "splint" - never run across it, nothing turns up on Google, nothing in Grove. Can anyone tell me where this comes from?
 * Similar point on "full" as a voice type. This is much harder to research as "full" is used with a variety of meanings in singing - a Google search turns up thousands of pages with various contexts. Again, though, I've never run across it used with this meaning and it's not in Grove. Help?

 * Splint comes from Estelle Liebling's book on voice. Piccolo isn't a "classification" but an adjective denoting a particular type of coloratura.  Full voice I learned on here Antares33712 13:21, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Classical vs. pop examples
Almost all examples in this article are non-classical singers, while the terminology used ("lyric soprano", "coloratura" etc.) was developed for operatic voices and is not really applicable to pop singers, or only by analogy. In general, this article lacks objectivity. - Karl Stas 19:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

If you think about it, I never heard about pop singer voicetype classification, and opera singers are quite obsure nowdays -- making such analogy needed. I just think it lack examples, could use a little more explanation, etc. - Random User, 23:50 (GMT -3), 2005/Jul/4.

- I did think this piece was a bit unusual, but I can see the pedagogical value in applying these categories to more "familiar" voices. Whether or not the categorizations made are appropriate is beyond my scope, but I don't know why the idea should be offensive in itself. The point of the article is to discuss the concept of vocal weight, which presumably refers to some relatively robust consensus (e.g., "any singer who can be called "lyric" must have characteristic agility, and sing in the middle range") which can be more or less verified. I agree that some reference to the singers upon whom the critical tradition is built should be included.

Wynn, 12:12, Oct. 7

Absurd
While I appreciate the attempts to make this page accessible to non-operatic types, the inclusion of pop singers to illustrate operatic voice-types is patently wrong (i.e. heldentenors include USHER?!). The faulty rationale in applying operatic fachs to Pop singers is that they will never be placed in a dramatic situation on-stage. Usher will most-certainly never sing Siegfried or Florestan. This page NEEDS to be clarified and amended to explain the DRAMATIC conventions that contribute to the classification of fachs.

I agree, which is why I majorly revised the page just now. Hope that it's improved.

''Could not a new heading be devised, specifiying that this article applies to operatic or classical voices which are generally heard without the use of microphones. That it does NOT apply to musicals or pop singers? Orbicle 16:36, 23 July 2006 (UTC)''

Equally, an alternative name from "Vocal weight" might be more a propos. Voice Types, perhaps? Orbicle 16:36, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Kathleen Battle a lyric soprano??
I think not! She was also on the soubrette list, and that is where she belongs. She is the soubrette of soubrettes, and has a very flexible voice, but she is NOT a lyric.

In other words, I removed her name from the list of lyric sopranos, because it does not belong there.

Signed, a rabid Battle fan.

(I mean this all in good spirit, of course.)

Melange fiesta 20:11, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know enough to agree or disagree, but some promo material listed her lyric voice having the brightness of sunlight and the coherence of a laser beam. Also, she can sing the High E and what-not, no? 216.141.226.190 05:13, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

It doesn't matter how high someone can sing: tessitura and vocal weight are what matters. I can hit E6 too, but my light vocal weight and bright timbre keep me a soubrette.

 * She's a soubrette. Like listening to a wonderful youth, even in her elder years as she approaches them.--I'll bring the food 02:40, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

I see Battle is still listed as a lyric and her name is absent from soubrette. I agree completely with those above who say she is NOT a lyric soprano. NickBigD March 20, 2007

Edit of 'Spinto' examples
The title role of Werther is a lyric tenor role, not a spinto. I have replaced it with a better example, Canio in I Pagliacci. Likewise, Alfredo Kraus was definitely not a spinto tenor. I replaced him with a better example, Plácido Domingo. Kraus was a lyric tenor, although he even found some lyric tenor roles too heavy for his voice (e.g. Rodolfo in La Boheme, which he retired from his repertoire after one run). Kraus also sang several light lyric (sometimes called 'tenore di grazia') roles. His repertoire overlapped with both that of Juan Diego Florez, e.g. Tonio in La Fille du regiment, Arturo in I Puritani and the lighter Verdi roles sung by Pavarotti, e.g. The Duke in Rigoletto and Alfredo in La Traviata. He was also a famous Werther, of course. In general, this article has a bit of a problem because many roles can be sung by more than one type of tenor, e.g The Duke in Rigoletto (lyric and light lyric tenors), Don Jose in Carmen (spinto and heroic tenors). Conversely, many tenors have regularly sung more than one role type. Jose Carreras sang both lyric and spinto roles, as did Domingo. Domingo has also sung some 'heroic' tenor roles such as Otello, and Siegmund in Die Walküre. The same is true of many of the other voice types discussed here. It might be worth pointing this out somewhere in the article. See also: Voceditenore 17:04, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Fach
 * Tenor Classifications
 * Alfredo Kraus

Domingo is a Spinto?
I dont think so! Pavarotti is a spinto and also a lirico but Domingo is a Drammatico. You can tell from their voices, Pavarotti's is a bit thinner than Domingo. Well, I can see that the sub-categories of tenor lack of the most important heroic tenor, tenore drammatico. - Jay 04:32, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I have made some amendment in "Tenor Categories" and put some remarks to explain about categories. The categories cannot be locked, most tenors changed or extend their repertoire based on the needs and demands. Domingo just "switched" to baritone lately but that doesn’t mean he is a baritone. He is just playing the drama (Simon Boccanegra aka doge of Genoa) and it requires that voice range - Jay 05:13, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * No, Domingo is a lirico spinto. Dramatics include Corelli and del Monaco- both of their voices are substantially larger than Domingo's. Doublea 21:19, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Domingo is a Dramatic. It goes by tessitura, and he's a low one at that. (His voice is not small either.) Operalala 22:01, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Heldentenor range
It says a Heldentenor is "capable of reaching the low G or A below Middle C..." I don't know much about opera, but even church choir tenors routinely sing much lower than that. It probably means G or A below low C (C3). Fach says "B below low C" with a treble clef showing a B an octave plus one half step below middle C (notice the 8 under the treble clef - although I wouldn't trust those treble clef images too far - see Talk:Fach.) Art LaPella 03:49, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Suggest splitting vocal weight and voice type
Would there be any objection to moving all the classification stuff to a separate page voice type (leaving the first paragraph as vocal weight). Vocal weight is just one of several factors in determining voice type.128.104.230.153 23:34, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

 * OK it's done - new, cleaned up (no red links etc.) Voice types page. Operalala 23:12, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

still unanswered
The article still doesn't ęxplain what that "perceived heaviness" or "lightness" actually is.78.131.137.50 (talk) 02:24, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vocal weight


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Stealing a Nation

Stealing a Nation is a 2004 Granada Television documentary about the British–American clandestine operation that saw the expulsion of the Chagossian population who have lived on Diego Garcia and neighbouring islands since the late 18th century. More than 2,000 people were exiled to Mauritius between 1967 and 1973, so that Diego Garcia could become a United States military airbase (see depopulation of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago). The film contains a series of interviews with Chagossians, who have been deprived of their right of return and forced to live in abject poverty. Stealing a Nation was written and directed by Australian journalist John Pilger, and produced and directed by Christopher Martin; reconstruction footage was directed by Sean Crotty.

Reception, awards and festival screenings
Stealing a Nation was awarded the 2004 Royal Television Society Award in the category "Single Documentary - General".

The film was screened at the United Nations Association Film Festival in October 2005.

It was given the Chris Award in the Social Issues category at the Columbus International Film & Video Festival in November 2005.

title: Stealing a Nation


text:
User:ArthurSB73

Brief Bio
I am Involved in Real Estate, Computer Services, and Genealogy with an interest in History.

I will fill this in more when I Figure out what all I should put it here.

title: User:ArthurSB73


text:
North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)

The North Channel (known in Irish and Scottish Gaelic as Sruth na Maoile, in Scots as the Sheuch ) is the strait between north-eastern Northern Ireland and south-western Scotland. The Firth of Clyde merges with the channel, between the southern tip of the Kintyre peninsula and Corsewall Point on the Rhins of Galloway. The channel begins north of the Isle of Man and is customarily considered part of the Irish Sea, the channel runs north-west into the Atlantic Ocean.

Within the channel is the Beaufort's Dyke, at 312 m it is the deepest part.

Geography
The North Channel connects the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean and is part of the marine area officially classified as the "Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland" by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).

The Straits of Moyle (Sruth na Maoile in Irish and Scottish Gaelic) or Sea of Moyle is the name given to the narrowest expanse of sea in the North Channel between north-eastern Northern Ireland (County Antrim) and south-western highlands of Scotland (Mull of Kintyre). The narrowest part of the strait is between the Mull of Kintyre and Torr Head, where its width is 19 km, making it possible to see across in clear weather conditions. The straits gave their name to Moyle District Council, a local government area in Northern Ireland, and are famed in Irish Celtic mythology through their association with the Children of Lir.

In the 1800s, this strait was sometimes referred to in general terms as the "Irish Channel". In the 19th century, Alexander Keith Johnston's suggested name St Patrick's Channel had currency, but it was rejected by the hydrographic department.

The North Channel was a favourite haunt of privateers preying on British merchant shipping in wars until the 19th century; in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, it was also the site of a naval duel between American captain John Paul Jones's USS Ranger and the Royal Navy's HMS Drake. It is crossed by many ferry services. In 1953, the channel was the scene of a serious maritime disaster, the sinking of the ferry Princess Victoria.

Swimming
The Irish Long Distance Swimming Association (ILDSA) has provided authentication observers for swimmers attempting to cross the approximately 35 km span between Northern Ireland and the Mull of Galloway. According to the ILDSA, this was first accomplished in 1947 by Tom Blower. The first two-way crossing was completed by a six-person relay team on 28 July 2015.

The World Open Water Swimming Association note that the North Channel, which it also refers to parenthetically as the North (Irish) Channel, is part of the Ocean's Seven series. This is a set of seven long-distance open-water swims considered the marathon swimming equivalent of the Seven Summits mountaineering challenge.

Fixed connections
In Northern Ireland, Unionist political leaders for decades lobbied the British government to construct a railway tunnel under the Channel, for a better link between Northern Ireland and the rest of the United Kingdom. In August 2007 the Centre for Cross-Border Studies proposed the construction of a 34 km long rail bridge or tunnel, estimating that it might cost about £3.5 billion. In the Victorian era, engineers proposed a rail tunnel between Stranraer and Belfast.

In February 2020, the Prime Minister's Office announced that it had initiated work to examine the feasibility of a bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland. The transport route with the shortest sailing distance is that between Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula (about 220 km from Glasgow via minor roads) and Ballycastle, County Antrim (about 90 km from Belfast). Campbeltown is on the eastern side of the Kintyre peninsula, but the western side is only about 16 km from Torr Head coast to coast.

The shortest route between Glasgow and Belfast is the route used by the existing ferry service, that via Portpatrick/Stranraer (about 150 km from Glasgow) and Larne (about 35 km from Belfast), a coast-to-coast distance of 45 km. This route would require the bridge towers to be erected through Beaufort's Dyke, a 200 - 300 metre deep trench, heavily contaminated by 'large quantities' of munitions ('small arms, high explosives and incendiary devices') and nuclear waste that had been dumped until 1950s.

The ex-First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon said her mind was not closed to the idea but added "if he [the prime minister] has got £20 bn to build such a bridge going spare at the moment – that could be spent on more important priorities".


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Chubby Dudley

Bay Ragni (born April 25, 1970) is an American retired professional wrestler and promoter. He is best known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling from 1995 to 1996 under the ring name Chubby Dudley, one of the Dudley Brothers.

Independent circuit (1991–1992)
Ragni was trained to wrestle by Larry Winters. He debuted on the independent circuit in 1991.

Eastern Championship Wrestling (1992–1993)
In late 1992, Ragni joined the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling, where he adopted the ring name "E.Z. Ryder" and formed a tag team known as "The Hell Riders" with H.D. Ryder. On the inaugural episode of ECW Hardcore TV (airing April 3, 1993 on SportsChannel Philadelphia), The Hell Riders unsuccessfully challenged The Super Destroyers for the ECW Tag Team Championship. Ragni left ECW in late 1993.

Independent circuit (1993–1995)
After leaving ECW, Ragni briefly toured the Mid-Atlantic states before joining the Newark, Delaware-based East Coast Wrestling Association, where he wrestled as "Hell Rider".

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995–1996)
In mid-1995, Ragni returned to Eastern Championship Wrestling, which had been renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling in 1994. He was given the gimmick of "Chubby Dudley", an obese, slobbish member of the Dudley family. Ragni rarely wrestled, but would accompany his storyline half-brothers to ringside, normally while holding a cake, Crunchberries or other snack. If the other members of the Dudley family were incapacitated, Ragni would flee from ringside.

At "Massacre on Queens Boulevard" on April 13, 1996, D-Von Dudley made his debut, angrily proclaiming that the Dudley's comedic antics were not the way "true Dudleys" should conduct themselves. At Heat Wave on July 13, 1996, D-Von attacked Dances with Dudley, Chubby Dudley and Sign Guy Dudley with a chair and delivered a low blow to Buh Buh Ray before being driven off by Hack Meyers.

Ragni left ECW again in mid-1996.

Liberty All-Star Wrestling (1994–2002)
Ragni began promoting in 1994, opening Liberty All-Star Wrestling (LAW) along with "Lucky" Larry Reed and Frank "Super Cody" Cody. LAW was based in Chester Heights, with a training academy, Liberty All-Star Wrestling Academy, in Lansdowne. Ragni acted as the commissioner of the promotion, occasionally refereed, and wrestled matches. The promotion closed in May 2002.

title: Chubby Dudley


text:
Chimera House

The Chimera House (also known as the "13 floor money back house") is an urban legend which consists of the usual young teens going out for a night on the town, only to stumble across a large, worn down multiple storey building where they are offered to go through a haunted attraction that consists of "real" horrors inside. In the story, the teens are asked to pay a certain amount of money (anywhere from 20 to 100 dollars) and told they will receive a portion back for every floor they complete. The twist is that no one has ever completed the house, and the ones who tried never came back out. Rumors state about the various horrors inside the house, from poisonous/deadly animals, to deformed humans, to the supernatural. Accounts vary as to the exact number of floors in the house, but most accounts give the house 13 floors.

The legend is usually set in the south or midwest since there are a large amount of open and unknown areas in those parts. The editor of Haunted Attraction Magazine believes the urban legend originally started in Kansas City while others have suggested that the legend was also inspired by real haunted attractions like Britannia Manor and Raven's Grin Inn. Although the Chimera House has never been proven to exist, some people still search fervently for it and several haunted attractions are asked if they are the infamous 13 floor haunted house every October.

The legend of the Chimera House has been fueled by both hoaxes and haunted attractions   that tried to cash in on the legend by offering refunds if certain conditions are met. The anthology Haunted Houses edited by Robert D. San Souci contains a short story inspired by the legend called "Chimera House," in which several inner-city kids are led to the infamous haunted attraction.

title: Chimera House


text:
Girly-Sound

Girly-Sound is the name under which singer-songwriter Liz Phair recorded three self-produced cassettes in 1991. The cassettes were later made available as bootlegs, some songs saw official releases, and the tapes were released in their entirety in 2018. Girly-Sound is also the name used to refer to the demos or bootlegs collectively. The recordings have been called "legendary" by Spin Magazine and by AllMusic "one of the most popular and sought-after alternative rock bootlegs of all time".

Background
Recorded on a 4-track cassette recorder in her childhood bedroom at her parents' house, copies of the tapes were initially given by Phair to only two people in 1991: friends and fellow musicians Chris Brokaw and Tae Won Yu. However, copies of the Girly-Sound tapes were passed from person to person and became something of a sensation in the American tape trading/zine subculture. Brokaw later told Rolling Stone how he had urged Phair to record something and a few months later received a tape of 14 songs, with a second 14-song tape following a month later. In 1992, Phair signed a deal with Matador Records on the strength of a demo tape she had sent them of six Girly-Sound songs.

Reworking
Phair has frequently gone back and reworked many of the songs for her studio albums throughout her career: she told Rolling Stone "I go in there and rip stuff off – it's like a library". Much of Phair's debut album Exile in Guyville contains reworkings of songs from these tapes. However, the content of some of these tracks was modified in ways that altered meanings and messages; in "Flower" the line "I'll fuck you and your girlfriend, too" was changed to "I'll fuck you and your minions, too." In addition to this, the final chorus of "Bomb" which tells of a passenger on a plane sabotaging and taking it out was entirely removed; the title of the song was changed to "Stratford-on-Guy" and a new chorus was written. Reworkings of "Ant in Alaska" and "Wild Thing" appeared on the 2008 reissue of Exile in Guyville.

Five songs were officially released in 1995 on the Juvenilia EP and a bonus disc of ten Girly-Sound songs was included with the physical release of Phair's 2010 album Funstyle.

Bootlegs
Although originally consisting of a total of three cassettes, the most common version of the Girly-Sound tapes that circulated among Phair's fans was an incomplete two-disc compilation of songs from all three tapes, released on the Bliss and Fetish bootleg label, and processed with harsh digital noise reduction. An earlier bootleg compilation of Girly-Sound material, Secretly Timid, was also circulated. Early in 2006, mp3s of first-generation copies of the first two tapes were introduced via Phair's online community, bringing to light the original track listing, correct song names, tape titles, and introducing a number of songs that did not appear on the previous Girly-Sound bootlegs. Information about the third Girly-Sound tape, Sooty, was elusive until the 2018 release of Girly-Sound to Guyville, in which it was presented in its entirety.

2018 release
In 2018, for the 25th anniversary of its original release, Matador Records released a repackaged edition of Exile in Guyville called Girly-Sound to Guyville which included remastered versions of all three Girly-Sound tapes. At the same time, the tapes themselves were separately released digitally under the title The Girly-Sound Tapes. This release omitted "Fuck or Die" and "Shatter" due to sample clearance issues.

Critical reaction
AllMusic rated the demos 4.5/5, noting some weak tracks but finding others "as tuneful and provoking as anything on her official albums".

Sooty
Source:

Track order was obtained from the 2018 Girly-Sound to Guyville release.

Re-recorded songs

 * "Ant in Alaska" and "Wild Thing" were both re-recorded for Exile in Guyville, but did not appear until the 2008 reissue; "Wild Thing" only appeared on advanced promotional copies of the reissue.
 * The verses in "Thrax" were reused in "Jealousy", featured on Whip-Smart. The interludes were rewritten and used for "Tell Me You Like Me", recorded during the whitechocolatespaceegg sessions.
 * "Gigolo" was re-recorded as "Can't Get Out of What I'm Into" for Somebody's Miracle, though the song was only included on the Japanese release and advance promotional copies.

Song appearances

 * Fragments from "In Love With Yourself", "Johnny Sunshine", and "Money" appeared on the "Supernova" single, condensed into one track called "Combo Platter (Girlysound)". The "Johnny Sunshine" fragment is played backwards.

title: Girly-Sound


text:
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame

The Wrestling Observer Newsletter (WON) Hall of Fame is a professional wrestling and mixed martial arts (MMA) hall of fame that recognizes people who make significant contributions to their professions. It was founded in 1996 by Dave Meltzer, editor of WON. Like many other wrestling halls of fame, such as the WWE, TNA, ROH and WCW halls of fame, WON's Hall of Fame is not contained in a building, and there are no ceremonies for inductions other than a highly detailed biographical documentation of their career in the newsletter. Inductees include wrestlers/fighters, managers, promoters, trainers, and commentators. On select occasions, groups, either tag teams, trios, or quartets, have been inducted rather than the individual members of the group. This first occurred in 1996, when The Fabulous Kangaroos and The Road Warriors entered the hall. The Fabulous Freebirds, The Midnight Express, The Rock 'n' Roll Express, The Assassins, The Holy Demon Army, The Sharpe Brothers, Los Misioneros de la Muerte, and Los Brazos among others all also entered as groups. Occasionally entire wrestling families have been inducted into the hall. This first occurred in 1996 when The Dusek Family entered the hall; in 2022, the five man familial team of Los Villanos was inducted.

Starting in 2022, it became possible for a wrestler to be placed in the Hall of Fame multiple times, much like inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. So far, five people have achieved this double honor: Toshiaki Kawada, Villano III, Argentina Rocca, Jack Brisco, and Jackie Sato. Each are inducted as a singles performer and a team member (Kawada as part of Holy Demon Army, Villano III as part of Los Villanos, Rocca as part of Rocca and Perez, Jack Brisco as part of the Brisco Brothers, and Jackie Sato as part of Beauty Pair).

Meltzer began the Hall of Fame by choosing a list of 122 inaugural inductees in 1996. Since then, wrestlers from past and present, others employed in the professional wrestling industry, and wrestling journalists and historians have been selected by Meltzer to cast secret ballots to determine annual groups of inductees. Voting criteria include the length of time spent in wrestling, historical significance, ability to attract viewers, and wrestling ability. Inductees must have at least 15 years of experience in the wrestling business or be over 35 years old and have 10 years of experience. To gain membership in the hall, potential inductees must receive 60% support on the ballots from their geographic region. Any person that gets less than 10% of the vote is eliminated from the ballot. If a person fails to get inducted 15 years after being put on the ballot, they must get 50% of the vote or be eliminated. There are 255 inductees, including the multiple teams, trios, and stables.

In 2008, a recall vote was held asking if 2003 inductee Chris Benoit, who killed his wife and son before committing suicide in June 2007, should remain in the hall. To have Benoit removed, Meltzer required that 60% of voters must agree with the proposal. Although the majority voted for Benoit's removal, they only represented 53.6% of the votes, falling short of the number required. Benoit remains on the list of inductees.


text:
Sanachan

Sanachan may refer to:

 * A Japanese manga comic, Sana's Stage: see Kodocha
 * A settlement on the shore of Loch Kishorn in Scotland: see Loch Kishorn

title: Sanachan


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Social evolutionism/archive1

Social evolutionism
This is one of the most important social theories and quite an interesting subject, I think. Over the past few weeks I have research this subject, written the article on social evolutionism based on sociology coursebook and various online sources, and after some discussion on relevant talk pages, merged this article with the cultural evolution now a redirect. I'd like to hear your opinion on the article in its present state - especially as I think it is comprehensive enough to be FAC soon. I am also considering moving it to socio-cultural evolutionism. Any comments highly appreciated. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 19:59, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The article is nicely written, comprehensive and raises some interesting points. I only found a few minor syntax and spelling issues. ("a anthropological") It could do with some illustrations, even if they are just images of the important theorists mentioned in the text. A few minor issues:
 * I'm a little sceptical about some of the generalizations that are used. The subject matter makes a number of inferences concerning European thinking as a whole. Europe predominantly thinks society is in decline, or Europe's self-confidence is crippled, for example. I'd like to see such generalizations be made more guardedly, or backed up with data or quotes of expert opinion.
 * Hmmm. Not sure how to address it, perhaps you could rewrite those sentences - or at least one to show me what you mean? I will go add few pictures now. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * So how would you go about proving to me, for example, that "Europe's self-confidence is crippled"? From where did that opinion come? Was it an international poll? An expert opinion? I think the person making such an assertion in the text needs to be the one to back it up. Thanks. :) — RJH 14:48, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Before my edits, the articles had no references, I added those I used/know. Those words are from edits older then mine which I merged into this article. I don't think those generalisations are bad, but if you do, feel free to edit them out. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 11:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The conclusions concerning Marshall Sahlins's Evolution and Culture seems backwards to me. If there is a general diffusion of cultural influences, wouldn't that tend to reduce uniqueness?
 * It also sounds strange to me. I translated the relevant para from Sztompka's book, and had the same impression there is a problem with the logic in the orginal text. I need to read up on this before FAC and clear the confusion, although I hope somebody more familiar with Sahlin's work would clarify this in the meantime. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * After some reading, I rewrote it - hopefully it is less confusing and more correct now. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 17:39, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The article could do with a link to Guns, Germs, and Steel in the "see also" section. — RJH 14:57, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. I remember reading it some time ago, good point - it fits in this theme. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kurata

Kurata (written: 蔵田 or 倉田) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Hideyuki Kurata, writer
 * Hyakuzō Kurata, writer
 * Kazuhiko Kurata (蔵田 和彦), Japanese rower
 * Kogoro Kurata, designer of the Kuratas mecha
 * Masayo Kurata, voice actor
 * Satoru Kurata (1922–1978), botanist
 * Seiji Kurata, photographer
 * Shigeo Kurata, botanist
 * Shirley Kurata, Japanese American wardrobe stylist and costume designer
 * Shu Kurata, footballer
 * Terumi Kurata (蔵田 照美), Japanese handball player
 * Tetsuo Kurata, actor
 * Yasuaki Kurata, actor known as David Kurata

Fictional characters

 * Akihiro Kurata, a character in the anime series Digimon Data Squad
 * Atsushi Kurata, a character in the manga series Hikaru no Go
 * Yui Kurata, a character in the manga series Trinity Seven
 * Sana Kurata, a character in the manga series Kodomo no Omocha
 * Sayuri Kurata, character in the visual novel Kanon
 * Mashiro Kurata, a character in the rhythm game BanG Dream!

title: Kurata


text:
Talk:He (letter)

added to a word
section on hei as prefix/suffix omits the feminine possessive suffix Dave (talk) 21:56, 20 May 2021 (UTC)

Kurdish ە
Kurdish WP has separate pages for isolated (ckb:ە) and connected ha,

and an alphabet listing there keeps the letters distinct. Varlaam (talk) 09:01, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

Arabic isolated glyph looks wrong to me
It displays the initial glyph, not the final. elpincha (talk) 17:34, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

they use a template is doesn't work at all for nastaliq. the extension character used doesn't connect. Irtapil (talk) 02:09, 19 March 2020 (UTC) Irtapil (talk) 03:43, 9 May 2020 (UTC)

the template used to make the letter forms in this doesn't work

 * The template used to make the letter forms in this doesn't work.
 * ہ
 * The extension character work in some nastaliq fonts, but not windows Urdu Typesetting, one of the most common Nastaliq fonts (see above). This could be solved by using zero width joiner wiktionary:  instead of Tatweel wiktionary: ـ
 * But another issue is that Nastaliq letters have more than three forms.
 * But another issue is that Nastaliq letters have more than three forms.

Irtapil (talk) 03:43, 9 May 2020 (UTC) recent contributors

Latin equivalent of ה
The statement He, like all Phoenician letters, represented a consonant, but the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic equivalents have all come to represent vowel sounds. is confusing, because the Hebrew letter has the same pronunciation as the English letter H, not of the letter E. --Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 14:25, 4 February 2022 (UTC)

Mappiq in Hebrew
The text Although indistinguishable for most modern speakers or readers of Hebrew, the mapiq is placed in a word-final Hei to indicate that the letter is not merely a mater lectionis but the consonant should be aspirated in that position. It is generally used in Hebrew to indicate the third-person feminine singular genitive marker. Today, such a pronunciation only occurs in religious contexts and even then often only by careful readers of the scriptures. is unclear for two reasons

First, the Mappiq reverses the order of pataḥ and consonant, e.g., אֱלֹהַּ is pronounced eloah rather than eloha.

Second, in Smichut, the final changes to a   (Tav), at least in Modern Hebrew. --Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 14:56, 4 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:He (letter)