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Talk:Triathlon equipment

The entire section on aerobars is factually incorrect. Aerobars don't have the bullhorn shape, that's a base bar. They also weren't invented originally for triathlon use.

"...three disciplines yet still be comfortable enough for" is a horribly taunting finish for the beginning of the triathlon clothing section C14 21:48, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

extreme geometry?
"Some extreme forms of triathlon bicycles alter the shape and geometry of the frame to such a degree that they do not even resemble bicycles to the casual eye."

This seems totally bogus to me, triathlon has rules around the geometry of a bike meaning enclosed recumbent aren't allowed. I think this description is pretty hokey, unless someone can present some evidence regarding this I'm removing it.

JKrabbe 05:42, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Creator of first triathlon wetsuit questioned
Hi, I try to change a wrong information but everybody try to stop me. The wikipedia page Triathlon Equipement say that Dan Empfield created the first triathlon wetsuit in 1987 but it's wrong. It's a French company. It's name is Aquaman. You just have to look the magazine article of Tri-Athlere France. That is the link https://aquaman-triathlon.com/content/6-historique they are an advertise of January 1986 with an aquaman wetsuit.And I would like to show you an other Triathlon. For this wikipedia page, you have to put the language on French and read the "Équipements spécifiques" part. You will see the true story of the creation of the first wetsuit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by François.77fr (talk • contribs) 10:15, 27 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi,No source confirms that the company Aquaman is at the origin of the creations of swimming suits specific to triathlon. Except the site of the reseller and the renumerated contributor, who has been trying for months to advertise for this brand. Contributor prohibited on WP.fr. for forced passage and incessant publicity for his brand. On the other hand, information that states that Dan Empfield is the original inventor of a specific combination is correctly sourced. It will be transcribed in the article in French. Best regards. --K.A (talk) 18:34, 27 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi, I have something new for you. It's a YT video that's the name of the vidéo : Nice World Triathlon 1985 from the YT page MrRunsteve . You have to put the time line at 4:12. On your screen, you will see the first wetsuit for the triathlon (a sleeveless and short-legged wetsuit with a blue stripe running from under the arms down to the knees). Exactly the same as the wetsuit on the website of Aquaman (that is the link : https://aquaman-triathlon.com/content/6-historique). If you like vintage vidéo, you can also watch some Aquaman Wetsuit on this vidéos ( Name : TRIATHLON des PIONNIERS ( 1986 / 1987 ) No 1 from bob ALPRA. The time line is on 0:53 ; Link : http://www.triclair.com/videos/download-avi-1986-nice-1986.htm time line on 5:10). So now, could you please stop your overzealousness? (I can't put some links from YouTube because YouTube is on the wikipedia's black list.) François.77fr (talk) 12:28, 28 July 2022 (UTC)
 * If this link is good for you I would like to know why! https://web.archive.org/web/20080322095938/http://www.slowtwitch.com/F.I.S.T./F.IS.T._Workshops_47.html This article is the source of the information saying that is Dan Empfield the creator of the first wetsuit. But the problem is : This article was wright by… Dan Empfield himself, on the website of… Dan Empfield. Yes, I'm sorry to kill your brain but Slowtwich.com is the propriety of Dan Empfield. Hum… I understood that my account was ban because I made some advertise, what about the guy who write this part of the wikipedia page. Strangely, I feel like I am doing your job.
 * The important thing on Wikipedia is to show to peoples the truth. Now, you are lying to people. Please say the truth and I'm sure you know it. You wrote a lot of triathlon pages on wikipedia, you probably know the story of the triathlon in France and you know very well that I'm saying the truth. I would like to call you to speak with you but I'm not sure that you will accept. François.77fr (talk) 12:52, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

Section on ergometers - training equipment, not racing. Remove?
The section on ergometers feels out of place. Almost every other item on this article can (or could) actually be used in a race. But the ergometers are a training/conditioning tool. Should this be removed? Selkie82 (talk) 21:39, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Triathlon equipment


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Rhaetian (disambiguation)

The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System.

Rhaetian or Raetian may also refer to:

 * Raetian language, spoken in ancient times by the tribes in the Eastern Alpine areas, in Switzerland, Austria, North-Eastern Italy and Southern Germany)
 * Rhaetian languages, the modern Romance languages spoken in Switzerland and North-Eastern Italy
 * Raetia (so always in inscriptions; classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia), a province of the Roman Empire that comprised the districts occupied in modern times by Graubünden, Vorarlberg, the greater part of Tirol, and part of Lombardy. The designation Raetia continued to be used in Carolingian times
 * The Rhaetian, the final subdivision of the Triassic (203.6 ± 1.5 – 199.6 ± 0.6 MYA), named for its type sites in the eastern Alps
 * The Rhätische Bahn(Rhaetian Railway), called the RhB, which has the largest network of all the private railways in Switzerland

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rhaetian (disambiguation)


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José Patricio Guggiari

José Patricio Guggiari Corniglione (17 March 1884, in Asunción – 30 October 1957, in Buenos Aires) was a Paraguayan politician by the Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico.

He was President of the Republic of Paraguay between 1928 and 1932. In 1931, after a bloody repression against a demonstration calling for a more vigorous action in defense of the Chaco, he left office to be judged by Parliament. Absolved, he regained the presidency.

Background and Political Life
The records of the Civil Registry indicated that he was from Asunción, born in this capital on March 17, 1884, in the home of the couple Mr. Pedro Guggiari and Mrs. Petrona Corniglione, with Italian and Swiss ancestry. Married to Mrs. Rosa Ramona Rojas, he was the father of María Estela and José Antonio Guggiari Rojas (married to Alejandrina Marasco). She also had Clementina (married to Miguel Peralta).

Delivered by his father to commercial and industrial tasks with members of his family, the little José Patricio is taken to Villarrica del Espiritu Santo, where he will later pick up the persuasive oratories - which made him famous - very evident characteristic of that historic region. There he attended primary school.

He started and completed secondary studies at the Colegio Nacional de la Capital and in 1901 he graduated with a bachelor's degree in science and letters. He immediately begins his university career.

In 1910 he graduated as a doctor in law and social sciences, but his inclination would not be professional but political.

It is worth remembering some tasks prior to his arrival at the first magistracy to expose his capacity for service. On August 8, 1904, is among those who pass to the Argentine shore to discover the liberal conspiracy. On April 30, 1906, he signed the founding charter of the League of Independent Youth, whose original he had until the end of his days. He also hold the positions of Criminal Prosecutor and later as Attorney General of the State between the years 1908 and 1910. Subsequently, he fully incorporates himself into liberalism, which he was to head in 1924.

Deputy, in 1913; President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1918, 1923 and 1924–1927. In the interim he worked as interior minister for Manuel Gondra (1920), being that the pretext for the military uprising. Then deputy again, in 1924. He assumed the presidency of the Republic on August 15, 1928, from Eligio Ayala.

Presidency
He was the first democratically elected president with free political participation in the history of Paraguay, defeating the candidate of the Asociación Nacional Republicana, Mr. Eduardo Fleitas.

In the Government, he was seconded by Vice President Emiliano González Navero and his Cabinet were made up of Eligio Ayala, Rodolfo González and Justo Pastor Benítez, in the Ministry of Finance; Belisario Rivarola, Luis De Gásperi, Justo Pastor Benítez and Víctor Abente Haedo, in Interior; Rodolfo González, Eladio Velásquez, Justo Pastor Prieto, Justo Pastor Benítez and Alejandro Arce, in Justice, Worship and Public Instruction; Eliseo Da Rosa, Manlio Schenoni and Raúl Casal-Ribeiro, in Guerra y Marina; Gerónimo Zubizarreta and Higinio Arbo, in External Relations.

In 1928, the National Congress of Defense was constituted, with little success, despite the circumstances; in 1929, after arduous debates, the Archdiocese of Asunción was created (which was not intended to be more than an autonomous expression), being named Juan Sinforiano Bogarín as the first archbishop. In 1931 the old town of Ajos was renamed "Coronel Oviedo", in homage to one of its most illustrious sons, who still lived. The respective Schools of Dentistry and Economic Sciences were created, the basis of the Faculties that arrived later. Education, both civilian and military, had not been neglected; in 1929 the Law 1,048 of University Reform was sanctioned, that had been towing since 1926. In 1931 a new plan of studies for the National School is established and the military order the Superior School of War was enabled. Humaitá and Paraguay gunboats were also acquired, which were key during the Chaco War, which began towards the end of his government.

By then there were 810 primary schools, 2,452 teachers and 108,222 students.

Meanwhile, the incipient left was also active from the manifesto of the "New National Ideology" (1929) and from "The Word" (1930), both by the Paraguayan Communist Party, specifying its activity with the occupation of Encarnación and its corresponding proclamation of revolution on February 20, 1931, that failed

23 October massacre
In March of that year, a "military uprising" was conjured up, awarded to the then mayor Rafael Franco. The tragic event that occurred on October 23, left a deep scar not only in the judgment of his government but in the sensitivity of his own person. The protest had originated because President Guggiari decided to keep his movements in the Chaco in secret because it was dangerous to share them with the press because he could alert the adversary, who at the time was Bolivia.

The University Students Center, led by Agustín Ávila, called for a march on the eve, on October 22, 1931, from the Plaza Uruguaya. From there they left for the Palace to demonstrate before the President of the Republic, Dr. José Patricio Guggiari. When they did not find the President, they continued to walk down the streets, without being stopped by the police, and they arrived to his home. Speeches were made and the house was stoned, already in a mob situation. Previously, they had been harangued by then-Major Rafael Franco. The students were, in the end, abruptly dispersed by the police.

The next day, students from the National College and the Normal School were invited to a new demonstration to protest the hostility shown by the police force on the eve. The column of students went through the newsrooms, threw stones at the premises of El Liberal and arrived at the Government Palace, where the President of the Republic was. The mood went on and the crowd ran over the protective police cordon of the Palace, heading to the staircase that led to the presidential office. The situation went out of control and a burst of machine gun left the guard of the Palace and generated mournful scenes. President Guggiari appeared on the balcony, ordering a cease-fire. Then, refugee in the Military School, he delegated the presidential command in González Navero and asked the National Congress for his political judgment. It was the first case of impeachment brought to term in the history of the country.

Those serious events occurred, occasion in which the quota of energy was in charge of the Cnel. Arturo Bray, according to his own memories, Dr. Guggiari requested his trial by Congress, transferring from that date and until January 17, 1932, the first magistracy to the vice president, who was Mr. Emiliano González Navero. The parliament, acquitted him of guilt and punishment. With this he became the first Latin American president to be subjected to a political trial and acquitted of charges.

There is a theory that says that the Paraguayan Communist Party was behind the riots.

Time in Buenos Aires and his last days
With the revolution of February 17, 1936 and the resignation of President Eusebio Ayala, José P., as he was known, left Paraguayan territory and remained a time in Clorinda and Formosa, where he received the alarming news that the president of the Víctor y, Dr. Ayala and the glorious war leader, General José Félix Estigarribia, were detained. Later he moved to Buenos Aires, where he established a residence. He was married to Rosa Rojas. His children accompanied him in exile, especially Maria Stella, who was a nurse in the Chaco War, and who resided in Rosario, Argentina. Her other daughter Clementina was married to Wenceslao Peralta and both settled in La Colmena and the grandchildren: José, Titín, Pedro Bruno, Teresa and Martha. The only son of José P. was named José Antonio.

In Buenos Aires, despite the exile, the sadness and nostalgia, he was permanently surrounded by his compatriots, the great Paraguayan community, and also there he was the undisputed idol of those people and without forgetting the Argentines who also lavished so that José P., felt like in his own country.

In June 1940, during the presidency of General Estigarribia, with the news of the death of his mother, he returned to Paraguay, by train, to Villarrica. He returned to exile during the presidency of General Higinio Morínigo, in September 1940. When, in 1946, President Morínigo took a turn for democracy, an amnesty for all Paraguayans, the return of José P., on August 14 was memorable. Day of sun and lapachos with beautiful flowers. There had never been a comparable crowd, surpassing in quantity, the visits years after two American leaders: Juan Domingo Perón and Getúlio Vargas.

The happy days of the democratic spring lasted only 6 months and returned to exile and there for many years, until his death on October 29, 1957.

"The pride of being a liberal is only overcome by the honor of being Paraguayan", famous phrase of the liberal politician.

title: José Patricio Guggiari


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Abba Jofir

Moti Abba Jobir Abba Dula was the last King of the Gibe Kingdom of Jimma (reigned 1932), and a member of the Oromo people. He was the grandson of Abba Jifar II. He aligned himself with the Italian occupation of Ethiopia.

Reign
When King Abba Jifar II grew senile in his later years, Abba Jobir ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Jimma. His reign was, however, short lived because, in 1932, his letters of correspondence with the Italians was discovered. The Italians were recruiting people to rebel within Ethiopia in hopes of fomenting division before the impending invasion. After the discovery of his letters, he was summoned to Addis Ababa, charged with treason and imprisoned. In 1937, the Italians entered the city of Addis Ababa and briefly occupied it. During this time, they freed their ally and installed him as Sultan of the Italian Province of Galla-Sidamo. He collaborated extensively with them and hunted resistance fighters with the aid of the Italians. During the Italian occupation, Abba Jobir released broadcasts to the Arabic-speaking world, and traveled with a bodyguard of ten armed men, mainly due to the increased threat of assassination against him by Ethiopian Patriots of Kaffa/Jimma Province. Following the Italian defeat in 1942, Abba Jobir was imprisoned again, and later pardoned by Haile Selassie I.

title: Abba Jofir


text:
Jace Clayton

Jace Clayton, also known as DJ /rupture, is a New York–based American DJ, writer and interdisciplinary artist. In addition to his music, Clayton has established a blog identity with musical and non-musical posts on his website, "mudd up!". His book, Uproot: Travels in 21st-Century Music and Digital Culture, was published in 2016.

Life and career
Clayton spent his teenage years in North Andover, Massachusetts. In the mid-1990s, Clayton was a member of Toneburst, described as "Boston's most active and visible experimental electronic art/music/DJ collective", pursuing "a steadfastly DIY aesthetic". Clayton graduated from Harvard University with a B.A. in English.

In 2001, Clayton (under the name DJ /rupture) released Gold Teeth Thief, initially as an internet download. The mixtape consists of 43 tracks in 68 minutes, including breakcore, ragga and Arabic folk music. It was named as one of the "50 Records of the Year" by The Wire in 2001. The track was released by the Violent Turd label in 2002. Reviewing Gold Teeth Thief on AllMusic, Joshua Glazer wrote: "Gold Teeth Thief is an impossibly noisy and aggressive set, yet the earthy Jamaican vocals and blunted hip-hop beats counteract the sonic devastation, making it palatable, even at its most dissident."

In 2005, Clayton was asked to write about "the 10 artists that impacted my view of electronic music" and he mentioned: Edgard Varèse, the Hanatarashi, King Tubby, Pere Ubu, Steely & Clevie, Gregory Whitehead, Timbaland, Mannie Fresh, DJ Scud and Wiley.

Between June 6, 2007, and February 27, 2013, DJ /rupture hosted a 1-hour weekly radio program "Mudd Up!" on WFMU.

In 2010, Clayton was a resident at Eyebeam, an arts research organization specialising in the interface between art and technology.

In 2012, Clayton received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award. This grant enabled Clayton to develop Sufi Plug Ins, which he described as "a free suite of music software-as-art based on non-western conceptions of sound and alternative interfaces". In Spin, Philip Sherburne described Sufi Plug Ins as "one of the few digital tools I've seen that I would also consider art".

In 2013, Clayton received a Creative Capital award for the development of his project Gbadu and the Moirai Index, which Clayton described as "a performance piece for four vocalists and the stock market". Clayton joined the Music/Sound faculty of the MFA program at Bard College in 2013.

On March 26, 2013, New Amsterdam Records released an album by Clayton, The Julius Eastman Memory Depot. The album includes performances of works by composer Julius Eastman, "Evil Nigger" and "Gay Guerilla" by David Friend and Emily Manzo that have been manipulated and re-arranged by Clayton. The album's final track is a tribute to Eastman titled "Callback from the American Society of Eastman Supporters", which conjures up "a world where supporters of Eastman are so legion that they are turned away via robo-call". In Pitchfork, Jayson Greene described the track as "a supremely Julius-Eastman moment, a short sharp bark of wry laughter fading into dead seriousness, and it caps Clayton's searingly immediate communion with Eastman's vital, contrary spirit."

In 2016, Clayton published Uproot: Travels in 21st-Century Music and Digital Culture, described by the author as "a user manual for the world created by Mr MP3 and Ms Internet". Reviewing the book in The Guardian, Sukhdev Sandhu described it as "a travelogue of sorts", which covers the music of Monterrey, north-east Mexico, capturing "emo kids and reggaeton fans on his way to hear thundering tribal guarachero played by a DJ behind whom is projected a Harry Potter movie". Clayton looks at the music culture of the Berbers in Morocco, who make showy use of Auto-Tune and "ponders the popularity of Whitney Houston-style melisma across the Maghreb." Sandhu writes, "When Clayton talks about techniques such as transcoding and compressing – the art of squeezing recorded music into easily exportable and copyable packets of data – he could almost be talking about the journeys of refugees and migrants. Clayton, like many club goers, embraces the idea of music as a zone of mutation and adaptation, of new rhythms as thrillingly contagious, of the dancefloor as a place of both affirming and redefining community."

Personal life
Clayton is married to fashion designer Rocio Salceda. They have lived in Madrid and Barcelona before settling in New York City in 2006.

Albums

 * Special Gunpowder (Tigerbeat6, 2004)
 * Patches (with Andy Moor) (Unsuitable Records, 2008)
 * The Julius Eastman Memory Depot (as Jace Clayton) (New Amsterdam Records, 2013)

Singles & EPs

 * "Rummage About" (split 12-inch with Config.sys) (Soot Records, 1999)
 * "$ Vol. 7-inch (split 7-inch with Kid606) (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 * "Rude Descending a Staircase" (7-inch) (Tigerbeat6, 2002)
 * Split EP (split 12-inch EP with The Bug vs. The Rootsman) (Tigerbeat6, 2003)
 * Special Gunpowder EP 1 (12-inch EP) (Tigerbeat6, 2004)
 * Special Gunpowder EP 2 (12-inch EP) (Tigerbeat6, 2004)
 * "No Heathen" (split 12-inch with Com.a and Wicked Act) (Shockout, 2004)
 * "Dem Nuh Know Me" (split 12-inch with Team Shadetek and Wayne Lonesome) (Shockout, 2004)
 * Little More Oil (12-inch EP with Kid606 and Sister Nancy) (Soul Jazz Records, 2005)
 * Redux (12-inch EP) (Brooklyn Beats, 2005)
 * "Miss Nemesis" (7-inch) (Ek-ke, 2006)
 * "Quémalo Ya" (split 12-inch with Filastine) (Shockout, 2007)
 * Shallows EP (12-inch EP with Matt Shadetek) (theAgriculture, 2009)

DJ mixes

 * 1 + 1 = 3 (cassette) (self-released, 1999)
 * Gold Teeth Thief (self-released/Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 * Minesweeper Suite (Tigerbeat6, 2002)
 * 58.46 Radio Mix (self-released, 2003)
 * Post Election Mix (radio broadcast on Resonance FM, 2004)
 * Shotgun Wedding Vol. 1: The Bidoun Sessions (with Mutamassik) (Tigerbeat6, 2004)
 * Low Income Tomorrowland (Applecore Records, 2005)
 * Soot Fall Tour 06 (with Filastine) (self-released, 2006)
 * Improvisation for Guitar + Turntables (with Andy Moor) (Soot Records, 2006)
 * Shotgun Wedding Vol. 6 (with Filastine) (Tigerbeat6, 2007)
 * Live in France (with Andy Moor) (Soot Records, 2007)
 * Porque Soy Sonidero Y Voy a Muchos Lugares (self-released, 2008)
 * Uproot (theAgriculture, 2008)
 * New York Tropical Vol. 1 (with Geko Jones) (self-released, 2009)
 * K-K-Kumbia (self-released, 2009)
 * Solar Life Raft (with Matt Shadetek) (theAgriculture, 2009)
 * Curiosity Slowdown (self-released, 2010)
 * Harlem Is Nowhere (with Sharifa Rhodes-Pitts) (self-released, 2011)
 * Dreamachine / Beyond Digital (cassette with Palm Wine & Maga Bo) (Palm Wine, 2011)
 * Change the Mood (self-released, 2012)
 * Sunset Park Rent Strike Mix (self-released, 2012)
 * 1100 vs. 2200 (with Sonido Martines) (self-released, 2013)

Appearances

 * "RKK13" – Natti Tone Scat (2000)
 * VA – Paws Across the World 2003 Tour (2004)
 * VA – Open Up and Say...@<%_|^[!] (2004)
 * The Wire Tapper 12

title: Jace Clayton


text:
Rafael Franco

Rafael de la Cruz Franco Ojeda (October 22, 1896 – September 16, 1973) was a Paraguayan military officer, politician and statesman who served as President of Paraguay after the February Revolution, from February 20, 1936, to August 13, 1937. He was the historical leader and founder of the National Revolutionary Party (Revolutionary Febrerista Party since 1951).

Early life and education
Franco was born in Asunción on October 22, 1896, in the barrio of Santísima Trinidad.

He was the son of Federico Franco and Marcelina Ojeda. His father was a professor of mathematics at the School of Agronomy, founded by Moisés Santiago Bertoni, and in 1940 she was transferred to San Lorenzo.

He was married to Deidamia Solalinde and they had six children. After conducting his basic studies, Franco entered the Military College in 1915.

Military career
Franco's first assignment, with the rank of second lieutenant, was to Encarnación in the Department of Itapúa under the command of Colonel Pedro Mendoza. On May 9, 1921, Franco was promoted to first lieutenant in the infantry and, on August 13 of the same year he was appointed commander of the machine gun group, with its seat in Asunción.

He was commander of Infantry Regiment No. 5 under General Eduvigis Diaz, based in Bahía Negra. On August 13, 1924, Franco was promoted to captain. On February 10, 1926, he was appointed commander of the company cadets of the Military College. He was assigned important tasks, such as training new cadres of officers or troops. In November 1926, he was appointed commander of Infantry Regiment No. 2, with a seat in Villa Hayes.

Franco was next assigned to the Paraguayan Chaco. In 1928, acting without orders, Major Franco led an attack that seized and destroyed a Bolivian fort in the Chaco that had been constructed inside Paraguayan territory. Franco was later removed from his command for this action. In August 1928, Franco was appointed commander of the Military Aviation School.

Promoted to colonel in 1933, Franco commanded the first division of the Paraguayan Third Corps in the Chaco War. Franco soon developed a tactic of using long-range patrols to explore weaknesses in the enemy lines. After finding gaps in the Bolivian defenses at Alihuatá, Franco launched a surprise attack on July 12, 1933, that quickly penetrated enemy defenses, forcing the Bolivian 4th Division into headlong retreat.

Franco later became the director of Paraguay's Military School At the end of the war, Franco participated in the Victory Parade as commander of the Second Corps, where the Asunción crowd received him in the streets with acclamation. In 1933, he was promoted to the rank of colonel; on his initiative, Fort Mariscal López and Fort Falcón were built. Later, he took the leadership of Infantry Regiment No. 5 under General Diaz, with its seat in Bahía Negra. He suffered a leg injury, which left him with a limp, due to an accident in his last years at the Military College, when he fell from a horse in the basement of the Cabildo. His troops called him by the affectionate nickname of "Leon Karê," Guaraní for "lame lion."

Political career
Franco was a founder and historic leader of Revolutionary Febrerista Party, a full member of the Socialist International. He took command of the Second Corps, and played an important part in defining the Army campaign during the Chaco war, during fighting at Picuiba and Yrendagué and his Corps took Carandayty, Charagua and Ingavi.

Presidency
Franco was critical of President Eusebio Ayala during the aftermath of the Chaco War. When Ayala exiled Franco to Argentina, Franco's sympathizers toppled Ayala's government, and Colonel Franco returned to Paraguay as interim president. He would serve from February 20, 1936, to August 13, 1937.

Social policy
The Franco government introduced a number of labor reforms. His government set the work day at 8 hours per day, made Sunday a mandatory day off, introduced the requirement that wage earners receive holidays, and limited the work week to 48 hours (35 hours for unhealthful workplaces). Wages were required to be paid in cash, rather than in vouchers or 'white money'. Other measures recognized workers' right to unionize and strike, as well as the rights of women workers. The government carried out Paraguay's first agrarian reform (5 May 1936), distributing over 200,000 ha of land to 10,000 peasant families, and introduced a one-year freeze on the prices of rents and leases.

Certain measures increased the state's involvement in the economy. On 24 February 1936, the government created the Central Bank of the Republic of Paraguay, which took over the role of the Stock Exchange and also became the sole conduit for foreign trade. Rafael Franco proposed that the state should be involved in any oil exploration. His government also set a base price for certain key commodities such as cotton. In addition, the state merchant fleet was reorganized.

The Franco government provided access to Paraguay's first Japanese settlers, and also facilitated the return of Paraguayan prisoners of war from Bolivia.

Military policy
Franco undertook to restructure and modernize Paraguay's armed forces and sell weapons that had become worn-out or obsolete.

His government sought to acquire 60 Italian military aircraft in readiness for any threats from Paraguay's neighbours (including Bolivia) and in light of the serious developments then transpiring in Europe. Orders for these aircraft were later rejected by the liberal government that succeeded Rafael Franco's. As a result, only a small number of aircraft arrived. The original contract included:
 * 20 Fiat CR.32 (only 5 were purchased)
 * 4 Fiat CR.30B (only 2 were purchased)
 * 4 Breda Ba.25 (only 3 were purchased)
 * 3 Breda Ba.25-Idro for the Naval Aviation (only 1 was purchased)
 * 21 Caproni AP.1 (only 7 were purchased)
 * 5 Caproni AP.1-Idro for the Naval Aviation (none were purchased)
 * 3 Caproni Ca.309 (only 2 were purchased)

In addition, the government provided pensions to veterans and the war wounded, and delivered decorations and salaries to the regular army.

Franco maintained an adamant stance of not ceding any territory conquered by the Paraguayan army in the Chaco War.

Changes to national symbolism
Franco claimed the ideals of the Revolution Communards and the Independence Revolution.

Franco's government halted construction of the Oratory of Our Lady of the Assumption and re-established it as the National Pantheon of Heroes. The government rehabilitated the 19th-century dictator Francisco Solano López, overturning the decrees that had declared him an outlaw and declaring him instead an unexampled National Hero. An expedition was sent to recover López' remains from his unmarked grave in Cerro Corá, which were reinterred in the new Pantheon. The government also declared Adolfo Rojas Silva a National Hero; he was the first officer to fall in the Chaco War.

March 1 (Heroes' Day) was established as a public holiday.

Reorganization of state institutions
The Franco government repealed the 1870 Constitution and parliament, and called for a National Constituent Assembly to draft a new and updated Great Charter.

The Franco government created two new ministries for Public Health and Agriculture, respectively. It also oversaw the creation of several other new agencies and bodies, including the National Association of the Indigenous, the National Labour Department, the national labour union federation (CNT), the National Women's Union, the Development and Labour Commission, the Civilian Mobilization Committee, the National Association of Ex-Combatants (UPV current Chaco) of which Franco was appointed as the first president, and the National Revolutionary Union.

The government issued a new series of banknotes of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 heavy weights, and established a philatelic Section within the Directorate General of Post and Telegraph.

Improvements to the country's infrastructure included the first civilian airport, work on ports, and the foundation of several hospitals in the country's interior.

Rafael Franco created two political formations to support his agenda, the Liga Nacional Independiente (Independent National League) and the Unión Nacional Revolucionaria (Revolutionary National Union). Conversely, the right-wing Liberal Party was forced underground.

Education policy
The Franco government abolished entrance exams for National Schools and repealed fees on primary- and secondary-school studies. It also established a School of Dentistry, Faculties of Economics and of Agricultural Sciences, and the School of Arts and Trades. It opened hundreds of schools and colleges, including rural schools and opportunities for adult education.

Cabinet

 * Foreign Minister: Dr. Juan Stefanich
 * Minister of the Interior: Dr. Freire Gomez Esteves and Germán Soler
 * Minister of War and Navy: Juan Stefanich and Col. Arístides Rivas Ortellado
 * Minister of Finance: Dr. Luis Freire Esteves, Alfredo J. Jacquet, Emilio Gardel
 * Minister of Justice, Worship and Public Instruction: Anselmo Jover Peralta, Emilio Gardel, Crescencio Lezcano, Dr. Damian Bruyn
 * Minister of Agriculture: Dr. Bernardino Caballero (grandson of Gen. Bernardino Caballero), Guillermo Tell Bertoni
 * Minister of Public Health: Dr. Pedro Duarte Ortellado
 * Mayor of the City of Asunción: Dr. Felipe Molas López (February 2 to October 1936), Dr. Damian Bruyn (October 1936 to June 1937)

Overthrow and exile
In response to Franco's withdrawing Paraguayan troops from their advanced positions in the Chaco, right-wing sympathizers in the army staged a coup on 13 August 1937 which resulted in Franco's overthrow and led the Liberal Félix Paiva to assume the presidency. Franco fled to Uruguay. He would spend more than 20 years outside the country, only returning briefly to Paraguay in 1946 under an amnesty before fleeing again amidst accusations of conspiracy. From Uruguay, Franco supported a 1947 uprising against Morínigo but denied involvement in a 1956 plot against Alfredo Stroessner.

Later life
When he returned to Paraguay, he performed various jobs to survive. At one point, he was a real-estate broker. He continued his moderate opposition to Alfredo Stroessner's government through the Revolutionary Febrerista Party, which was legalized in 1964.

His health had been deteriorating in his late 70s. In the last years of his life, he lived in a small room that was originally a garage located in the streets of Herrera. From there, he sometimes walked to a cafe that was located on the Avenue. There he met with old friends and comrades with whom he talked of politics and on military and social issues.

In September 1973, Franco entered the Hospital Americano because of his serious condition and did not come out alive. He was visited by Colonel Arturo Bray, with whom he maintained an enmity over 30 years. Colonel Rafael Franco died on September 16, 1973. One of the largest flower wreaths were sent by Arturo Bray. The inscription read: "To a great patriot."

title: Rafael Franco


text:
Karel Domin

Karel Domin (4 May 1882, Kutná Hora, Kingdom of Bohemia – 10 June 1953, Prague) was a Czech botanist and politician.

After gymnasium school studies in Příbram, he studied botany at the Charles University in Prague, and graduated in 1906. Between 1911 and 1913 he published several important articles on Australian taxonomy. In 1916 he was named as professor of botany. Domin specialised in phytogeography, geobotany and plant taxonomy. He became a member at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, published many scientific works and founded a botany institute at the university. The Domin scale, a commonly used means of classifying a standard area by the number of plant species found in that area, is named after him.

In the academic year 1933-34 he was rector of Charles University and was one of the participants of a struggle for ancient academic insignia between the Czech and German universities of Prague (the insigniáda) that resulted in street-fights and looting. From 1935 to 1939 he was a member of parliament; after the Munich Agreement, he co-founded a traditionalist political movement (Akce národní obrody).

He is considered the man who is the most responsible for the creation of Tatra National Park.

title: Karel Domin


text:
Juan Manuel Frutos

Juan Manuel Frutos (June 12, 1879 – April 15, 1960) was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician. He served as the 36th President of Paraguay on a provisional basis, from June 3, 1948, to August 15, 1948. Holding the position of President of the Supreme Court of Justice, he assumed as Provisional President of Paraguay after the resignation of Higinio Morinigo.

He was born in Asunción on June 12, 1879. His parents were José Dolores Frutos and Juliana Escurra, sister of the Colonel Juan Antonio Escurra (ex-president of Paraguay).

His life
He started in politics since very young age; he participated in many politic riots in the time. He also developed a promising judicial career, which led him to be president of the Legislative Power later. In 1895 he got in the National School of the Capital. In this institution he studied with great teachers such as Cleto Romero, who was also the Principal. His teacher of civic education and philosophy was Emeterio González, other teachers he had were: Manuel Domínguez, Manuel Fernández Sánchez, Jorge López Moreira, Blas Garay, Manuel Franco and the teacher of rhetoric and literature, Manuel Gondra.

Juan Manuel Frutos was married three times, and had sixteen children in total, among them the musician Juan Manuel Frutos Pane and the politician Juan Manuel Frutos Fleitas.

Studies
He graduated from high school on March 1, 1901. He went to study Law and Social Sciences in the National University of Asunción in 1903. He graduated with a Doctor degree in 1912; his thesis was about “The prohibition of retaining property”. Parallel to his studies he was secretary of the Commission of Public Work, guide teacher in the National School of the Capital, Fiscal Agent in civil matters. The year of this graduation he organized the 7th battalion of the National Guard, from which he became Commander later.

In his youth can be seen an unquestionable calling of service and a flawless behavior that later would make him outstand.

He directed several newspapers and wrote about politics. For a time, he was exiled to Corrientes, Argentina, from where he wrote for “¡Luchad!” (Fight?!). He worked as a journalist for “General Caballero”, “El Sufragio” (The Suffrage), “El Colegiado” (The Scholar), which led him to suffer several repercussions and even being sent to prison in several occasions. He died in Asunción, on April 15, 1960.

His government
The Legislative Assembly gathered and appointed Juan Manuel as successor of President Higinio Morínigo, after his government was overthrown because there was speculation that he might want to prolong his term of office with the support of arms. Juan Manuel assumed the presidency on June 3, 1948, and held the position until August 15, 1948, when he gave it to Natalicio González. His government lasted two months and twelve days.

During his government he declared August 16 “Day of the Paraguayan Children”, something that was proposed for Professor Andrés Aguirre, who was Director of Information for the Presidency in that moment. On August 13, 1948, the Ministry of Justice and Work was created. Other matters of importance during his period of time were the “Legal Regimen of Intellectual Property” and the creation of the “National Culture Institute”. Other decrees worth mentioning are the “nationalization of the electric power and train services” and one by which is given the “National Order to the Merit” to philosopher and professor, Enrique Molina.

Words of Juan Manuel Frutos
“I will make my best effort to accomplish the pacification of the spirits, the respect of the law and the wellbeing of the Paraguayan family”.

It was said that Juan Manuel Frutos governed like a “karai a lo yma” (an old fashion true gentleman), a president like it would never be seen again in the country.

Political career
He was a very active man in politics since very young, he participated in many riots in his time. He belonged to the Republican National Party (ANR) and was president of the Supreme Court. On April 30, 1906, he subscribed the act from the foundation of the League of the Independent Youth. He participated in the rebellion of Laureles in 1909, as adjutant of Colonel Escurra. During the short government of Pedro P. Peña he was appointed civilian and military delegate of the campaign. He was delegate for his party and in 1923 he completed his studies in the ANR, along with O’Leary and Dr. Ramírez. In 1947 he was member of the committee of civil defense.

On April 28, 1917, he presented a project in which he required the Executive Power to do a copy of all the records of habeas corpus that were presented and the insubordinations to the dispositions of the Supreme Court in this matter. On June 19, 1930, he presented an initiative that tended to the abolition of the article in the Civil Code that allowed the “pact of resale” because he said it caused harm to the private property of the weakest economical classes. He also asked the modification of several other articles in the Constitution and the introduction of some others. On July 12, 1947, he was appointed as President of the Supreme Court of Justice after the death of Juan León Mallorquín. On May 2, 1949, he promoted the First Judicial Congress; on 1956 he promoted the second one.

In November 1949 Frutos resigned to the Court, after a representative commission of the Red Party asked him to do it in his own home. He denied the request, but they still managed to take him out of the position, not without him arranging an affidavit expressing the illegal situation.

title: Juan Manuel Frutos


text:
Juan Natalicio González

Juan Natalicio González Paredes (8 September 1897 – 6 December 1966) was a Paraguayan politician and poet who served as President of Paraguay from 15 August 1948 to 30 January 1949.

Early life
Natalicio González was born in Villarrica in the department of Guairá. Having lost his parents, he moved to Asunción, Paraguay's capital, in 1912 to finish his high school studies. He graduated in 1915 from the Colegio Nacional de Asunción (Asunción's National College), and planned to study medicine in the Universidad Nacional de Asunción (Asunción's National University). However, that same year the government shut down the UNA's medical school. Meanwhile, Natalicio started developing a career as journalist and writer, and became affiliated with the Colorado Party. He had no further formal education, but he achieved an outstanding intellectual level through a very disciplined self-education.

In 1928 he married Lydia Frutos, a well-known Paraguayan socialite. Lydia was famous for her beauty and also for her high intellectual level, having graduated from educational institutions abroad.

Politician and writer
Natalicio was associated with some of the intellectuals of the Colorado Party. His links with people like Juan O'Leary, Fulgencio R. Moreno and Antolín Irala—among others—made possible for him to achieve prominence in the party's organization and propaganda machinery. Very soon he became the main writer for some newspapers linked to the Colorado Party, like Patria, Colorado, and El País. During this time he published some books of poetry, political commentary, and historical essays.

In 1920 he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he worked for a major publishing company. His duties allowed him to travel all over South America and meet politicians, writers, and intellectuals from different South American countries.

In 1923 he moved to Paris, to work with a Paraguayan publishing company. He spent two years in Europe, returning to Paraguay at the end of 1924.

After he returned to Asunción, he became more active in the Colorado Party. He reached higher positions in the Party's organization and, by 1926, he was one of the leading party members who negotiatiated for a new electoral law with the ruling Liberals.

Unfortunately for the Colorados, the negotiations with the Liberal government became a source of division within the Colorado Party. The abstencionistas were reluctant to negotiate anything with the government; they supported abstention from voting to channel popular discontent against the government and bring about a non-violent revolution. The eleccionistas responded positively to the government's calls for a political ceasefire. Natalicio was one of the main and most dynamic leader of the eleccionistas.

Finally, by 1927, the new electoral law passed and was applied for the first time in the legislative elections held in the beginning of that year. The eleccionista Colorado Party won some seats in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, forming a minority bloc. The Colorado senators were mostly former ministers and intellectual leaders during past Colorado governments, while the Deputies included new younger figures, mostly teachers and journalists, who were developing new political idea. Natalicio was the leader of this group, and acted as minority leader during his tenure as Deputy.

However, by 1929, Natalicio was not satisfied with the way Paraguayan politics were going. He did not expect the Colorados to get anything at all from participating in electoral politics and the legislature while the Liberals were in power.

In 1929 Natalicio asked the Chamber of Deputies for permission to leave his post and travel to Europe with his wife.

He was Minister of Finance of Paraguay from 1946 to 1948.

Presidency
The civil war of 1947 saw the Colorado Party and President Higinio Morínigo fight a rebellion by members of the Liberal Party, Revolutionary Febrerista Party and Communist Party. Significant portions of the army rebelled against the government, but Morínigo was able to maintain power with the help of the Guión Rojo, a paramilitary force of the Colorado Party that Natalicio had himself created in the early 40s and which proved crucial in helping the party maintain control of the state during this period.

Natalicio was elected President on 14 February 1948; he was nominated by the Colorados, and was the only candidate. Incumbent President Higinio Morínigo, who had been a de facto dictator, threatened a coup d´état to retain power. and was himself deposed by a coup on 3 June. Juan Manuel Frutos became interim president until Natalicio took office on 15 August.

One of the most important acts of his administration was the nationalization of the American Light and Traction Company (CALT), which later became the Ande. One of his famous phrases was: "There will be no red poor"; this led him to give important and politically powerful positions to representatives of all sections of the Colorado Party.

From the start of his term, there were rumors that he would not finish his term of office. On 26 October 1948 dissident Colorados attempted a coup d'état against him. The rebellion was blocked by loyalist forces, but Natalicio could not hold out for long. On 29 January 1949 another coup broke out, initiated by Felipe Molas López, Federico Chaves, and defense minister General Raimundo Rolón, who controlled the military forces. Natalicio resigned in the early morning of 30 January, and General Rolón took power.

Natalicio González was again driven into exile. On 7 February 1949 he went to Buenos Aires. In 1950 he went to Mexico. He was the last intellectual to hold the presidency of the Republic in the twentieth century.

Death
Natalicio died in Mexico on 6 December 1966, of a heart attack. He had been invited back to Paraguay and was to leave that very day. His wife Lydia committed suicide after finding his body.

title: Juan Natalicio González


text:
Raimundo Rolón

Brigadier General Raimundo Rolón Villasanti (Paraguarí, March 14, 1903 –  Asunción, November 17, 1981) was briefly President of Paraguay from January 30, 1949, to February 27, 1949.

He served as Defense Minister under Natalicio Gonzalez until he led a coup against him in January 1949.

title: Raimundo Rolón


text:
George Gordon (Civil War general)

George Washington Gordon (October 5, 1836 – August 9, 1911) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he practiced law in Pulaski, Tennessee, where the Ku Klux Klan was formed. He became one of the Klan's first members. In 1867, Gordon became the Klan's first Grand Dragon for the Realm of Tennessee, and wrote its "Precept," a book describing its organization, purpose, and principles. He was also a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 10th congressional district of Tennessee.

Early life
Gordon was born on October 5, 1836, in Pulaski, Tennessee. His father was Andrew Gordon and his mother, Eliza K. Gordon. He grew up in Mississippi and Texas. Gordon graduated from the Western Military Institute in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1859. He worked on the Nashville & Northwestern Railway.

Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, Gordon enlisted in the military service of the Confederacy and became drillmaster of the 11th Regiment, Tennessee Infantry, which saw action defending the Cumberland Gap during the winter and spring months of 1862. Gordon became regimental commander when James E. Rains assumed command of Carter L. Stevenson's brigade, and fought at the Battle of Tazewell on August 6, 1862. In November 1862 he became the regiment's colonel. Gordon was promoted to brigadier general in August 1864, and was one of the youngest Confederate generals. Gordon led Vaughn's Brigade, in Maj. Gen. John C. Brown's division, at the Battle of Franklin (November 30, 1864), where he was wounded and captured. Many of the men he led are buried at McGavock Confederate Cemetery in Franklin, Tennessee. Gordon was sent to the prisoner-of-war camp at Fort Warren until he was paroled in the summer of 1865.

Postbellum career
After the war, Gordon studied law at Cumberland University, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Memphis, Tennessee, until 1883. He was appointed one of the railroad commissioners of Tennessee. He received an appointment in the Department of the Interior in 1885, as special Indian agent in Arizona and Nevada, and he served until 1889. He returned to Memphis and resumed the practice of law. He was the superintendent of Memphis city schools between 1889 and 1907.

Ku Klux Klan involvement
The KKK (the Klan) was formed by veterans of the Confederate Army in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 and soon expanded throughout the state and beyond. Gordon was an early initiate and likely wrote the organization's original Prescript in 1867 and its revised edition the following year. Following Gordon's death, his widow, Minnie, claimed that he had been the original Grand Wizard of the Klan and that it was he, not Nathan Bedford Forrest, who disbanded it.

Political career
Gordon was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses. He served from March 4, 1907, until his death in Memphis. He was interred in Elmwood Cemetery.

title: George Gordon (Civil War general)


text:
Felipe Molas López

Felipe Benigno Molas López (10 July 1901 – 17 November 1954) was 39th President of Paraguay from February 27, 1949 – September 10, 1949, when he resigned.

Early life
Born in 1901 in Yuty, Caazapá Department. Once he completed high school, he pursued Dentistry in Paris. He obtained in Bordeaux a specialization in implant, all new to medical science of the early twentieth century, becoming one of the firsts Paraguayans to get a degree in that field.

Chaco War
He served in the war with Bolivia where he reached the rank of captain of Health. In the postwar, he took active participation in drawing up plans for the installation of the Faculty of Dentistry at the National University which was located in the previous residence of former president José P. Guggiari. He practiced a successful career but was stopped by attracting the magnetism of politics, which Paraguayans from all scales feel so much affection for.

He became a member of the Colorado Party in his early twenties. The party, then in the opposition, split in 1927, facing a proposal of the Liberal government, headed by president Eligio Ayala. Ayala wanted the Colorados to participate in the drafting of a new electoral law. It was his intention to make sure that both parties should participate in the upcoming election for congress. This caused a split in the Colorado Party amongst the "eleccionistas" (electionists), who accepted the offer, and the "abstencionistas" (abstentionists), who wanted a stronger and radical opposition against the government. Molas joined to the last group and became a close aide to their leader, former president Pedro P. Peña.

Civil Service
On February 21, 1936, he assumed as the Mayor of Asuncion for a short period. His brilliant talents of scientific and public man became the leading figure in the national political scene, far complex and anarchic. In 1948 he participated in the ministry of Education in the fleeting mandate of the president Juan Manuel Frutos and then in the mandate of Juan Natalicio González. With the assumption of the chairmanship of General Raimundo Rolón, Molas Lopez retained his ministry until January 30, 1949. As the country was subjected to a one-party regime, February 15 of the same year, by the decision of the Board of Colorado Party, gathered in Convention he got the possibility for the implementation of the Statute of Party and the appointment of Dr. Felipe Molas López as a candidate for president. This measure was achieved through an agreement among the “chavistas” groups and democratic groups. The Convention provided the fullest and most loyal adherence to the candidature of the Coreligionist Dr. Felipe Molas López, to be sustained for the elections called for April 17.

Presidency
On February 27, 1949, he assumed the provisory presidency until May 14 – with the general election done – he took possession of official duties. The political agreement was not a greater guaranteed for the ruler, who was deposed six months later, on September 11. A few days later, the Board acknowledged the causes for the President's overthrow. He was accused of having failed to fulfill the targets set as the unification of the party, the progressive restoration of republican institutions, also of public morality. As it was assumed, the president had to overcome a series of political and military upheavals, over the constant pressure of the leaders of his party because, as well as the writer Raul Amaral says "the Governing Board had control over the state and those responsible for ruling it.”

Death
Dr. Molas Lopez died in Asunción on 17 November 1954, aged 53.

From June 19, 1956, by a municipal decree an avenue of Asunción bears his name. This is the Ex – Cañada YbYray of joining the avenues Aviadores Del Chaco in the southeast with the avenue Jose Gervasio Artigas to the northwest.

Administration
His cabinet was composed of:
 * Liberato Rodriguez (after Mario Mallorquín) Interior
 * Federico Chavez (Bernardo Ocampos) Foreign Affairs
 * Ramon Mendez Paiva, Finance
 * Rigoberto Caballero, Public Works
 * Pedro Hugo Pena, Public Health and Social Welfare
 * Rigoberto Caballero, Public Works and Communications
 * Jose Zacarias Arza, National Defense
 * Liberato Rodriguez (Bernardo Ocampos, Fabio Da Silva) Economy
 * J. Augusto Saldivar (Fabio Da Silva, Guillermo Enciso Velloso) Justice and Labour
 * J. Eulojio Estigarribia, education.

Among the rulings in his government recalls the following:
 * Amnesty for exiles from the revolution of 1947. (Measurement according to the view of Raul Amaral, did not produce positive effects.)
 * Resumption of relations with Uruguay.
 * Name of General Bernardino Caballero to the First Cavalry Division.
 * Transfer of the remains of General Caballero to National Pantheon of Heroes.

The unification of the Colorado party had not been brought to a successful conclusion. Very soon appeared other factors that deepen the gaps separating the parties remained in crisis and that the Paraguayan political life.

The Colorado Party returned to power in January 1947, following a failed multiparty coalition, and with the support of then-president Gral. Higinio Morínigo.

title: Felipe Molas López


text:
User talk:Mollyfranny

HEY YOU GUYS!!!!!!!!!!

hey everyone
how ya doin, since i can't get on bebo much any more I'm writting on this!

title: User talk:Mollyfranny


text:
Tomás Romero Pereira

Tomás Romero Pereira (4 October 1886 – 12 August 1982) was a Paraguayan architect and politician who served as President of Paraguay from May to August of 1954. He was installed as president by Alfredo Stroessner after the coup of 4 May against President Federico Chaves. Romero Pereira quickly held elections, which fraudulently elected Stroessner president.

Early life
Tomás Romero Pereira was born on 4 October 1886 in Encarnación, Paraguay, to Emilio Romero and Isabel Pereira. He had three sisters: Rosa Isabel, Josefa, and Sandalia; and two brothers: Emilio and Cayo.

Romero Pereira became an architect, one of the first professionally trained ones in Paraguay. One of his works is the frontispiece of the Oratory of the Virgin of the Assumption in Asunción.

He married Lilia Isabel Arza. They had five daughters: Rosa Isabel, Marta, Lilia, María Cristina and Susana; and one son: Carlos Francisco.

Presidency (1954)
He was a member of the Colorado Party. He came to power as a result of a military coup, led by General Alfredo Stroessner, which began on 4 May 1954 and lasted for three days.

As a compromise between the military who led the coup and the Colorado Party who was in power, he formally took office on 8 May 1954. An election was held on 11 July 1954, with Stroessner as the sole candidate.

Cabinet

 * Minister of the Interior: Gustavo Storm
 * Minister of the Treasury: Carlos Velilla
 * Minister of Education: Luis Martínez Miltos
 * Minister of National Defense: Herminio Morínigo
 * Minister of Foreign Relations: Hipólito Sánchez Quell
 * Minister of Public Health and Social Prevision: Enrique Zacarías Arza
 * Minister of Public Works and Communications: Marcial Samaniego
 * Minister of Agriculture and Livestock: Alejandro Gaona
 * Minister of Industry and Commerce: César Barrientos
 * Minister of Justice and Work: Fabio Da Silva

Resignation
On 15 August 1954, Romero Pereira handed over the presidency to Alfredo Stroessner who then became the dictator of Paraguay for 35 years. Afterwards, he held various ministerial posts under Stroessner, including head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, until in 1956 he was replaced by Edgar Ynsfrán.

Death
He died on 12 August 1982 at the age of 95.

title: Tomás Romero Pereira


text:
User:Vsion/Jia

家 词：木子 曲：李迪文

每一次我感到彷徨,不自禁就会回头望 我知道心中有个地方,一定会有一盏灯 照亮每一颗黑暗的心房,指引未来方向 沿着生命河流向前航,就能登陆理想

再也不会感到彷徨,不会再失意回头望 我要用心中一点烛光,燃放千万户辉煌 要让繁华的城市更灿烂,世界和平共享 全凭生命河流来导航,一起登陆理想

我的家,收藏,我的欢喜悲伤 只要点燃希望,梦就会自由飞翔 我的家,给我,一双坚定翅膀 我的梦,不论在何方,一生的爱唯有家

一生的爱,唯有家,世世代代温暖的家

title: User:Vsion/Jia


text:
Aurès

Aurès (أَوْرَاس) is a natural region located in the mountainous area of the Aurès range in eastern Algeria. The region includes the Algerian provinces of Batna, Tebessa, Constantine, Khenchela, Oum El Bouaghi, Souk Ahras and Biskra.

History
The Awras or Aurès region is characterized both by its mountain terrain and by the Berber Chaoui ethnic group that historically has inhabited the area. The rugged terrain of the Aurès has made the region one of the less developed areas in the Maghreb. Traditionally the women of the region wore tattoos.

It was in the Aurès region that the Algerian War of Independence was started by Berber independence fighters such as Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, who operated from the area. A district of Algeria that existed during and after the War of Independence, from 1962 to 1974, was named after this region.

title: Aurès


text:
Ismailia (foraminifera)

Ismailia is a genus of foraminifera with an agglutinated, planispirally coiled, semi-involute shell, known from the Egyptian Sinai, that lived during the early part of the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian). Agglutinated shells (or tests) are composed of selected foreign material cemented together.

Ismailia, named by El-Dakkak, 1974, is assigned to the family Charenitidae and to the superfamily Biokovinacea, which are now included in the Loftusiida, an order established by Kaminski & Mikhalevich (2004). Prior to, both the Loftusiacea and Biokovinacea, along with other superfamilies, were included in the Textulariida.

title: Ismailia (foraminifera)


text:
User talk:Elenap

I am perfectly calm. Your continued personal attacks only demonstrate your inability to contribute to Wikipedia in the spirit in which it was founded. --DannyMuse 03:52, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Elenap


text: User talk:68.91.203.92

title: User talk:68.91.203.92


text:
Derek Anderson (basketball)

Derek Lamont Anderson (born July 18, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player and current coach. He played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is married to his wife, Jamie Anderson. The two met in their hometown Louisville, KY.

College career
Anderson is a graduate of Doss High School and was an All-Star in the state of Kentucky. Anderson played college basketball at the Ohio State University and the University of Kentucky. In 1996, Anderson helped the University of Kentucky win the NCAA Men's Basketball Championship as part of a team that featured nine future NBA players under their coach Rick Pitino. Anderson went on to graduate from the University of Kentucky in 1997 with a degree in pharmacy.

Professional career
He was first selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers as the 13th overall pick to the 1997 NBA draft, despite missing much of his second senior season at Kentucky due to a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). He played for Cleveland from 1997 to 1999. He would be the last Cavalier to wear #23 before LeBron James. On August 4, 1999, he was traded by the Cleveland Cavaliers along with Johnny Newman to the L.A. Clippers for Lamond Murray. Anderson was ranked 7th in the NBA in free throw percentage (.877) in 1999–2000.

Anderson's NBA career was plagued by injuries. In the 2004–2005 season he only played in 8 of the final 42 games for the Portland Trail Blazers, and missed similar numbers of games in prior seasons. On August 3, 2005, he was the first player in the league waived using the so-called "luxury tax amnesty clause" of the 2005 NBA collective bargaining agreement. He would sign with the Houston Rockets as a free agent before being traded to the Miami Heat in exchange for Gerald Fitch. The Heat would win the 2006 NBA Finals in six games after defeating the Dallas Mavericks to give Anderson his first and only championship.

Anderson was waived by Heat on September 12, 2006, prior to the beginning of the 2006–07 season. Several weeks later, on November 28, he signed with the Charlotte Bobcats; Anderson played the final two seasons of his career for the Bobcats.

Coaching career
In January 2023, Anderson will coach the Costa Rica national team in the United Cup of Champions season.

title: Derek Anderson (basketball)


text:
Aboul-Qacem Echebbi

Aboul-Qacem Echebbi (أبو القاسم الشابي, ; 24 February 1909 – 9 October 1934) was a Tunisian poet. He is probably best known for writing the final two verses of the current National Anthem of Tunisia, Humat al-Hima (Defenders of the Homeland), which was originally written by the Egyptian poet Mustafa Sadik el-Rafii.

Life
Echebbi was born in Tozeur, Tunisia, on 24 February 1909, the son of a judge. He obtained his attatoui diploma (the equivalent of the baccalauréat) in 1928. In 1930, he obtained a law diploma from the University of Ez-Zitouna. The same year, he married and subsequently had two sons, Mohamed Sadok, who became a colonel in the Tunisian army, and Jelal, who later became an engineer.

He was very interested in modern literature in particular, and translated romantic literature, as well as old Arab literature. His poetic talent manifested itself at an early age and this poetry covered numerous topics, from the description of nature to patriotism. His poems appeared in the most prestigious Tunisian and Middle-Eastern reviews. Influences of his include Amin al-Rihani and Jubran Khalil Jubran. Among his most influential works, two of his poems, To the tyrants of the world and The Will to Live (written 1933), became popular slogans chanted during the 2011 Tunisian and subsequently Egyptian and wider Arab world demonstrations.

In the early 1930s, Echebbi was part of a group of artists and intellectuals whose work was deeply inflected with nationalist politics coming to the fore at the time. They met in the Medina of Tunis and became known as Taht al-sur (literally "Under the Wall"). They "wanted to create a literary cultural milieu that built national character, denounced colonialism, and promoted social and economic justice."

Echebbi died on 9 October 1934 at the current Habib-Thameur Hospital in Tunis, (formerly "Italian Hospital"), following a long history of cardiac disorders (Myocarditis). His portrait is on the current 10 DT note. Echebbi was considered by later Egyptian literary critic Shawqi Daif to be among the very finest Arabic poets of the modern era.

Echebbi was buried in his hometown of Tozeur, Tunisia. His mausoleum is open to visitors.

Legacy
In late 2010 and 2011, Echebbi's poems became a source of inspiration for Arab protestors during the revolutions of the Arab Spring, which began with the Jasmine revolution in Tunisia. Since then, there has been a revived interest in his work and his biography.

Works

 * Ilā Ṭuġāt al-Ɛālam (To the tyrants of the world)
 * Aġānī al-Ḥayāt (canticles of the life)
 * Muđakkarāt (Memories)
 * Rasā'il (A collection of letters)
 * Ṣadīqī (A collection of seminars given to the Alumni Association of the college; caused quite a lot of controversy among conservative literary groups)

title: Aboul-Qacem Echebbi


text:
Madam & Eve

Madam & Eve is a daily comic strip originating in South Africa. The strip, by Stephen Francis and Rico Schacherl, is syndicated in 13 publications and claims a daily readership of over 4 million people. The strip was first published in July 1992, in a black and white weekly format in The Weekly Mail (now the Mail & Guardian) and in a monthly colour format in Living magazine. In 1993 the creators added five daily cartoons, also in black and white. In 2000 Madam & Eve was made into a television sitcom.

Concept
A satirical strip, it started in 1992 and was based around the theme of a middle-class white woman, Gwen Anderson ("Madam"), and her black maid, Eve Sisulu, coming to terms with the new South Africa as the Apartheid era drew to a close. Theirs is a relationship of affectionate squabbling.

Perhaps in the spirit of equality, neither character is portrayed as particularly sympathetic. Madam is always coming up with silly ideas in order to fit in more with the new way of life. Eve meanwhile keeps coming up with ways of obtaining extra cash out of Madam and others.

Political humor
The strip often pokes fun at political figures, both South African and elsewhere in the world (much in the same way, though not as consistently, as the US strip Doonesbury). Past targets have included former South African president Thabo Mbeki, former South African president Jacob Zuma, businessman Schabir Shaik and Winnie Mandela. Further afield, jabs have been directed at US President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Pop star Michael Jackson and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Even Nelson Mandela has been a source of fun. Although he is usually highly regarded both in and out of South Africa, Madam and Eve has treated him no differently from any other politician. For example, when he and Frederik Willem de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, a series of strips had their lawyers discussing its sharing with Mandela insisting on a 60–40% split on the grounds that he had featured on more magazine covers and Hollywood movies.

Creators
The idea for Madam & Eve originated with Stephen Francis, an American expatriate. The three founding creators of the Madam & Eve strip, Harry Dugmore, Rico Schacherl, and Stephen Francis, first worked together on Laughing Stock, a satirical magazine launched in Johannesburg in 1988. Following the closure of the magazine (after 13 issues), the three worked on other projects in the greeting card division of the same company. That company folded, and the trio launched Madam & Eve in July 1992. Dugmore left the partnership in 2001.

Rico Schacherl
Known professionally by his first name, Rico is a cartoonist and illustrator living and working in Johannesburg, South Africa. Born in Austria in 1966, he claims he was drawing cartoons ever since he was old enough to hold a pencil. After less-than-successful studies in graphic design and architecture during the late 80s, Rico decided to get a real job as a cartoonist. Besides his work on Madam & Eve, Rico also produces illustrations in a wide variety of styles ranging from serious editorial or humorous magazine illustrations to children's comics.

Rico specialises in the fields of corporate communications, graphic storytelling and character design for cartoons, animation and education. He has worked on highly successful projects for clients such as Telkom, Old Mutual, Avmin, Pick 'n Pay, SABC Education and the Human Rights Commission. This work includes The Bottom Line, a cartoon strip about the South African workplace, which is widely syndicated in company newsletters. He has also worked for the Mail & Guardian, Tribute, The Teacher, Style Magazine and Penguin Books.

Stephen Francis
Stephen Francis, born in the US in 1949, moved to South Africa in 1988 with his then wife, Wendy, whom he met at the South African consulate in New York City. His parents live in New Jersey. The fifth anniversary Madam & Eve book credits many of the strip's original ideas, including the title, to Francis.

Harry Dugmore
Harry Dugmore, born 1961, was the native South African of the founding group. Harry was described in 2000 as handling all of the business for the partnership. He left Rapid Phase in 2001.

Madam
Gwen Anderson, also known as Madam, is a typical white South African woman. The original "Madam" is loosely based on Stephen Francis' own mother-in-law, also named Gwen. Of her family we have met one son, Eric, and her mother and aunt.

Eve
Eve Sisulu is Madam's "domestic maintenance assistant." Eve frequently opens a booth selling different goods and services for a side income, and is sometimes found asleep on her ironing board, both deliberate homages to Charles Schulz' Peanuts (Lucy and Snoopy, respectively). When Schulz died, a tribute cartoon appeared showing Eve sleeping on a doghouse and Snoopy sleeping on an ironing board.

Mother Anderson
The character of Mother Anderson was originally introduced as Abigail ("Mother") Anderson in 1993. The character visited Madam & Eve on a trip from England, and soon disappeared again from the comic strip. Her first appearance was so popular that the character returned in 1994 and has stayed in the comic since, as a permanent character. A twin sister, Edith, was introduced in 1995, but a year after that character's appearance "Mother Anderson" became known as "Edith Anderson," the name which has stuck since. She is well known for her addiction to gin and tonic. She is often referred to as "Gogo" (a South African affectionate term for an older woman) in more recent strips.

Thandi Sisulu
Thandi Sisulu was introduced in 1994 as Lizeka's baby sister. She has often been "paired" with 80-year-old Mother Anderson. Since Eric and Lizeka no longer appear regularly, Thandi is described, as of 2005, as "Eve's precocious cousin who lives next door."

Eric Anderson
Eric Anderson, Gwen's son, was introduced in early 1993 as a college student. The character was allowed to graduate from college a few years later, but remained unemployed. When the character reappears it has been said he had been on a trip to India or Tibet. The illustrator's (real name: Enrico Schacherl) real-life brother's name also happens to be Erich.

Lizeka
Lizeka was introduced as Eric's college girlfriend in late 1993. Being Zulu, she allowed the writers to explore humour in having an "interracial couple." As of 2005, this character has all but disappeared from the strip.

The Mielie Lady
Another inspiration of Stephen Francis: Francis would be frequently awoken from naps by a woman street vendor, calling out that she had Mielies (known as ears of corn in the USA & Canada, and maize elsewhere). The writers originally spelled the word "mealies," but settled on "mielies" by 1996. The woman who peddles them past Madam & Eve's house is often paired with Mother Anderson, who often gives chase, wielding a "kattie" (catapult) for having had her nap interrupted.

Dr. Kumalo
Madam's recurring psychiatrist who appeared as a replacement for the old doctor. When he first appeared she thought he was a witchdoctor.

Parktown prawns
The parktown prawn is a large King cricket that manages to create regular havoc in Madam's household whenever it appears, due to its repugnant shape and difficulty to kill using normal insecticides.

The prawns in the cartoon behave like university students who are on holiday – insecticide gives them a drug-trip, and they call it 'zol' – a South African slang term for cannabis.

The Prawns have been known to leave a prawn-shaped silhouette in frying pans applied to them to kill them, and to get amusement from scaring the ladies in the Anderson house.

Three Guys on the Back of a Bakkie
Three enigmatic laborers sitting on the back of a bakkie (pickup truck) often appear in strips which have Madam stuck in traffic. Typically, they do nothing but stare at her with otherwise blank expressions, which drives Madam nuts: "It never fails! For years, wherever I go in traffic, I always end up behind these same three guys on the back of a bakkie!" — from the strip of 2 November 2006.

The Dustbin Men
Appearing yearly before Christmas, the area's dustbin men are trying to collect their "Christmas bonus" from Madam and Mother Anderson. While they become more and more creative in their efforts by the year, the latter become more and creative in avoiding paying the bonus.

Other characters

 * The "little aliens" occasionally come to earth and to decide whether South Africans have morally developed as a species, if not, they will nuke them.
 * The tokoloshes are small creatures from African folklore who try to take the characters away at night if they don't have bricks under their beds.

Annual collections

 * 1) The Madam & Eve Collection – First published September 1993, reprinted 1999 – ISBN 0-620-17869-8
 * 2) Free at Last – First published 1994 – ISBN 0-14-024833-1
 * 3) All Aboard for the Gravy Train – First published 1995 – ISBN 0-14-025652-0
 * 4) Somewhere over the Rainbow Nation – First published 1996, reprinted 1998 – ISBN 0-14-026420-5
 * 5) Madams Are from Mars, Maids Are from Venus – First published 1997, reprinted 1998 – ISBN 0-14-026656-9
 * 6) Madam & Eve's Greatest Hits: Five Year Anniversary Special Edition – First published 1998 – ISBN 0-14-028241-6
 * 7) It's a Jungle Out There – First published 1998 – ISBN 0-86486-411-6
 * 8) International Maid of Mystery – First published 1999 – ISBN 0-86486-443-4
 * 9) The Madams are Restless – First published 2000 – ISBN 0-620-26306-7
 * 10) Crouching Madam, Hidden Maid – First published 2001 – ISBN 0-620-27931-1
 * 11) Madam & Eve: 10 Wonderful Years – First published 2002 – ISBN 0-620-29248-2
 * 12) The Maidtrix – First published 2003 – ISBN 0-620-30709-9
 * 13) Gin & Tonic for the Soul – First published 2004 – ISBN 0-620-30709-9
 * 14) Desperate Housemaids – First published 2005 – ISBN 0-620-34459-8
 * 15) Madams of the Caribbean – First published 2006 – ISBN 0-620-37052-1
 * 16) Bring me my (new) Washing Machine – First published 2007 – ISBN 978-0-620-39600-4
 * 17) Unplugged – First published 2008 – ISBN 978-0-620-41662-7
 * 18) Strike While the Iron is Hot – First published 2009 – ISBN 978-1-77009-779-7
 * 19) Twilight of the Vuvuzelas – First published 2010 – ISBN 978-1-77009-878-7
 * 20) The Pothole at the End of the Rainbow – First published 2011 – ISBN 978-1-4314-0252-6
 * 21) Twenty – First published 2012 – ISBN 978-1-4314-0451-3
 * 22) Keep Calm and Take Another Tea Break – First published 2013 – ISBN 978-1-4314-0843-6
 * 23) Send in the Clowns – First published 2014 – ISBN 978-1-4314-2031-5
 * 24) Shed Happens – First published October 2015 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-2270-8
 * 25) Take Us To Your Leader – First published 7 October 2016 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-2430-6
 * 26) Hadeda la land – First published 2017 – ISBN 978-1-4314-2567-9
 * 27) The Guptas Ate My Homework – First published 2018 – ISBN 978-1-4314-2732-1
 * 28) The Fourth Domestic Revolution – First published 2019 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-2940-0
 * 29) Days Of Our Lockdown Lives – First published 20 October 2020 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-3060-4
 * 30) Family Meeting – First published 2021 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-3163-2
 * 31) Unmasked – First published 2022 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-3290-5
 * 32) There's a Blue Light at the End of the Tunnel – First published 2023 by Jacana – ISBN 978-1-4314-3422-0

Special collections

 * 1) Has Anyone seen my Vibrating Cellphone? – First printed 2000 – ISBN 0-620-25271-5
 * 2) Madam & Eve's SA Survival Handbook – First printed 2001 – ISBN 0-620-27930-3
 * 3) Mother Anderson's Secret Book of Wit & Wisdom – First printed 2011 – ISBN 978-1-4314-0107-9

The first of these was a special edition produced with Vodacom. The second featured the Madam & Eve characters with text by Gus Silber.

TV show
A thirty-minute live action TV show was produced and shown on South African TV. The TV show appeared on eTV in 2000. In 2002 the show was nominated for the Rose d'Or Competition. The cast consists of The show was directed by Mark Graham and produced by Penguin Films.
 * Val Donald Bell – Gwen "Madam" Anderson
 * Tina Jaxa – Eve Sisulu
 * Pat Sanders – Gwen's mother. Pat Sanders died in July 2005. The Madam & Eve comic strip dated 27 July 2005 was dedicated to her.
 * Joe Mafela – Sol
 * Jenny Steyn – Marge, Gwen's neighbour

International coverage
Some art from Madam and Eve has been placed into galleries, such as the exhibit at the Caisa Gallery, Helsinki, Finland, which lasted until 30 June 2005. The comic has also been covered and reviewed internationally, including a New York Times article by Bill Keller, published on 5 April 1993, a Washington Post article by Paul Taylor, France's newspaper Liberation, in 1994, and the international magazine The Economist, in 1997. Their cartoon collection books have been published in Denmark, France and Sweden, and some cartoons are occasionally reprinted in a comics magazine in Norway.

In the run-up to the first free elections in South Africa, the UK Newspaper "The Guardian" (known in the US and elsewhere as the "Manchester Guardian"), ran the strip for several weeks.

Because the comic is available online, and the books are available internationally, the cartoonists have, on occasion, explained some topics to their international readers through their characters. Many of these have been translations, such as mielies being corn or maize, or a "robot" being a traffic light/signal.

title: Madam & Eve


text: User talk:85.160.138.245

title: User talk:85.160.138.245


text:
Hammersmith Farm

Hammersmith Farm is a Victorian mansion and estate located at 225 Harrison Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It was a childhood home of First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy, and the site of the reception for her wedding to U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy in September, 1953.

History
Hammersmith Farm's 28-room main house was built in 1887 for John W. Auchincloss, the uncle of Hugh D. Auchincloss (1897–1976), Jacqueline Kennedy's stepfather. It was erected on what had been originally known as "Hammersmith Island," possibly named after the English hometown of William Brenton, the 17th-century governor of Rhode Island who established the first farm on the site in 1640.

During Kennedy Administration
During a stay at Hammersmith in late September 1961, President Kennedy announced that John McCone would become the new Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Additionally, Kennedy signed Public Law 87-293, the Peace Corps Act of 1961.

Post-presidency
The main house remained in the Auchincloss family until the 1976 death of Hugh Auchincloss. Janet Lee Auchincloss (1907–1989), Jacqueline Kennedy's mother, sold the main house and moved into one of the guesthouses on the farm, called "The Castle". There was another guest house on the farm built to resemble a windmill. A group of investors bought the main house in 1977, and opened it for public tours and special events. Fruit of the Loom executive William F. Farley bought it in 1997 for $6.675 million.

Restoration
In 1999, Farley sold the main house for over $8 million. The new owner restored the failing building and converted the house back to private use. It had not been lived in since 1974 (over 25 years), and had fallen into serious disrepair.

Much of the original plumbing was inoperable, and old electrical wiring had frayed due to age and rodent damage. Bricks were coming loose and wood rot was everywhere. Metal fixtures were rusted or corroded due to the salt air. Each year the building was listing a little more northward, toward Fort Adams. A major restoration was required to save the damaged structure. Major structural flaws necessitated the removal of one end of the building and the installation of steel and wooden beams for support. The house had suffered from decades of wood rot and mold from condensation and leaking windows. Outside, the brick was bowing due to many successive winters of freezing and expansion. Popping and falling bricks during the winter was routine. The interiors were painstakingly disassembled and numbered and new plumbing, HVAC, and wiring were installed. Later, the numbered moldings and fixtures were replaced or replicated if needed, in their original positions so the historic rooms looked exactly as they had when the building was constructed in 1887, save for the electricity and modern plumbing.

The exterior was restored with equal sensitivity to the original structure. Working with Gubelman and the Historic District Commission, the team removed metal and plexiglass porches, reset brick to match the original, and removed the light green paint used to hide the mismatched brick from decades of repairs. Windows were rebuilt to protect the house from the fierce winter winds from the Atlantic Ocean. New shingles and roof were installed following the original architectural plans, and using the many sketches and photographs taken of the building over its 120-year history. Fortunately, the building had been photographed from numerous angles and vantage points over the many decades, and a clear visual history existed as a guide with the goal to restore the farm as closely as possible to the appearance one might have enjoyed in 1888.

Around half of the original furnishings were returned to the Auchincloss family under a prior agreement, and the family sold them off in a Christie's auction in 2000, which fetched $233,620.

title: Hammersmith Farm


text:
User talk:Rocknjosie

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Recent image postings
Hi Rocknjosie. Thanks for your recent and past image contributions, but without licensing attribution, keeping the images can be problematic for the Wikipedia. Would you mind having a look at Image copyright tags and updating the images you've uploaded to have copyright attributions and licensing declaration?

From what I can see, you've uploaded the following images:
 * [[Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg||30px]] NonFreeImageRemoved.svg
 * Lothgarden.jpg (apparently from )
 * Kng4.jpg (apparently from )
 * Oski.jpg
 * BoilermakerSpecial.jpg

The copy of Lothgarden.jpg picture on the USCA site has an embedded comment in the JPEG file identifying the author as Peg Skorpinski, so I've emailed her to ask for permission on the condition that she be given attribution and photo credit.

Thanks, Mike Dillon 07:44, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

As a USCA member, I felt it was okay using pictures the USCA had permission to use on their website. If that's not true let me know.

Thanks Rocknjosie

 * That depends on how the images were licensed to the USCA. The image needs to be either in the public domain, available under a free license, or a case of fair use. The Lothlorien image is not in the public domain, at least, as the author still claims the copyright, so we'll see if she decides to license it freely. Mike Dillon 03:00, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Lothgarden.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lothgarden.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. cohesion ★ talk 03:32, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:History.jpg
Hello, Rocknjosie. An automated process has found and removed an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that was in your userspace. The image (Image:History.jpg) was found at the following location: User talk:Rocknjosie. This image or media was attempted to be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media was replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 07:51, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:History.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:History.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this file on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the file description page and adding or clarifying the reason why the file qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your file is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for files used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

If it is determined that the file does not qualify under the non-free content policy, it might be deleted by an administrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. SchuminWeb (Talk) 16:42, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:History.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:History.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 15:42, 18 November 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. SchuminWeb (Talk) 15:42, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Specialbrunch.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Specialbrunch.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kelly hi! 04:46, 24 December 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

April 2020
Hello, I'm SounderBruce. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at the tutorial on citing sources. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you.  Sounder Bruce  00:56, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rocknjosie


text:
User talk:Hallitubes

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Deleted articles
Please do not recreate articles that have been deleted. Read the Wikipedia is not... page if you do not understand why they are being deleted. Bobbis 23:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hallitubes


text:
Saoura

The Saoura (ساورة) is a valley in southwestern Algeria. It is formed by the wadi known as Oued Saoura, formed from the confluence of the Oued Guir and Oued Zouzfana at Igli. From Igli it runs through Béchar Province past the towns of Béni Abbès, Tamtert, El Ouata, Béni Ikhlef, Kerzaz, Timoudi, Ouled Khoudir, and Ksabi then passes under the N6 highway before reaching the endorheic lake Sebkhel el Melah. From 1962 to 1974 it was the name of a wilaya (province) covering present-day Béchar Province, Tindouf Province and Adrar Province.

title: Saoura


text:
Kabumpo in Oz

Kabumpo in Oz (1922) is the sixteenth book in the Oz series, and the second written by Ruth Plumly Thompson. It was the first Oz book fully credited to her. (Her first, The Royal Book of Oz, was credited to L. Frank Baum on the cover.) It was followed by The Cowardly Lion of Oz (1923).

Plot summary
During Prince Pompadore of Pumperdink's eighteenth birthday celebration, his birthday cake explodes, revealing a magic scroll, a magic mirror, and a doorknob. The scroll warns the prince that if he doesn't wed a "proper princess" within seven days, his entire kingdom will disappear. The prince, along with the kingdom's wise elephant Kabumpo, set off on an adventure to the Emerald City so Pompa can marry Princess Ozma, the only "proper princess" the Elegant Elephant can think of as worthy of his prince.

Meanwhile, Ruggedo the Gnome King (Thompson "corrected" Baum's spelling of "Nome") finds Glegg's Box of Mixed Magic while tunnelling under the Emerald City. He experiments with the magical items inside the box; after he brings a wooden doll, Peg Amy, to life, and makes Wag the rabbit the size of a man, Ruggedo turns himself into a giant. This means that Ozma's palace gets stuck on his head, and in a panic he runs off to Ev with it.

After many adventures in the strange lands of Rith Metic, the Illumi Nation, and the Soup Sea, Pompadore and Kabumpo arrive in the Emerald City to find Ozma missing. They set off to find her and eventually meet up with Wag and Peg Amy. The group reaches the edge of the Deadly Desert and is hijacked by the Runaway Country, a conscious, talking, mobile piece of land. It carries them over the desert to Ev.

Eventually, Peg Amy is revealed to be the princess of Sun Top Mountain (she was turned into a tree by the evil magician J. Glegg when she refused to marry him, then Cap'n Bill took part of the tree and carved her into a wooden doll for Trot), regains her original human form, and Pompadore marries her.

Reception
The Charlotte Observer declared, "It is a case of 'The king is dead, long live the queen," for Kabumpo proves beyond any question that Miss Thompson will carry on the fame of Oz created by Frank Baum, and such a fact will become a cause of rejoicing wherever good children are to be found." The Minneapolis Star Tribune agreed, "There is throughout Kabumpo in Oz a wonderful quality of imagination, a drama of high adventure that leaves not a single dull moment, combined with a charming sense of humor slightly tinged with satire that brings it into the class of master fairy books."

In L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz, Katharine M. Rogers declares that Kabumpo in Oz is "one of [Thompson's] best."

title: Kabumpo in Oz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cherohonkee

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 07:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Cherohonkee
Almost nonsense. Seems to make some sense, but also seems completely unreal. smoddy 21:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think this is a hoax. Gwk 22:00, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is real. I know these people. A real term. 69.203.207.56 (talk • contribs)
 * I suggest you read WP:NOT. Gwk 22:26, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I can believe the phrase exists; 579 Google hits, and seems analogous to such slurs as Oreo, banana and wigger. However, virtually all of the hits seem to refer to a book by Robert Lanham, so, since it doesn't seem to have especially caught on beyond that book, merge to Robert Lanham.  Dcarrano 00:59, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete neologism. JamesBurns 06:44, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism. --Angr/undefined 07:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I don't have the book to hand, but from what I can remember of the relevant page, this is almost certainly a copyvio from Lanham's book. - Mustafaa 17:59, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- bordering on copyvio, and a neologism to boot. I like Robert Lanham's books as much as the next guy, but seriously. Haikupoet 04:27, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Robert Lanham. I suggest that Food Court Druid also redirect to him, once it has been deleted as the copyvio it currently is. —Stormie 09:03, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:69.61.229.62

title: User talk:69.61.229.62