text:
Talk:List of notable Florida hurricanes from 1900-1960

Confusion about Overseas Railroad
I've been correcting articles that incorrectly refer to the 1935 hurricane as destroying the railroad and killing "army workers" who were building the railroad. This article incorrectly refers to a 1906 hurricane as the one that destroyed the railroad. In fact, the railroad didn't being operating until 1912, so it couldn't have been destroyed in 1906, and it was almost bankrupt by 1935, parts of the Overseas Highway were already in operation, and the World War I veterans who were living in relief camps in the Keys were working on highway construction and other projects like mosquito control, not on building the railroad. The 1935 storm did hasten the demise of the Overseas Railroad (or Overseas Railway), but it was already in trouble when the storm struck.

Check the 1906 Monthly Weather Review. On page 9, it will tell you that, in exact words: "The storm caught most of the several hundred laborers and mechanics of the railway extention in houseboats and other clumsy craft moored to piling as their living quarters." It goes on to say: "The loss of life among these men was about 135." Thus I firmly stand by my previous statement.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 02:33, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I left a reply on your talk page, but for those who read here, I'll explain. I wrote:
 * ''This article incorrectly refers to a 1906 hurricane as the one that destroyed the railroad. In fact, the railroad didn't being operating until 1912, so it couldn't have been destroyed in 1906.
 * You replied with facts about railroad workers being killed. They aren't mutually exclusive, Dude. Railroad workers were killed in '06, but that storm didn't destroy the railroad. OTOH, '35 storm did destroy the railroad, but the workers it killed were WWI vets living in relief camps and evacuated by train, not "railroad workers." Hope that clears it up. DavidH 03:46, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Gulf of Mexico Hurricane
This section was removed from the main article because the storm it describes was not very notable in Florida, but was more notable elsewhere. It is other wise a well written section, so I am posting it here.

Gulf of Mexico Hurricane
September 9, 1919

Category 4 at landfall

Drowning All in Sight

One of the deadliest storms in US history formed just off the Lesser Antilles on September 2. The storm quickly strengthened as it tracked across the Bahamas and would become a Category 4 hurricane. At the same time, the storm would make its way on a direct path for the Florida Keys and it would be one of the few hurricanes to directly hit Key West. Flooding was immense and the winds caused considerable damage on land in the Keys. The minimum central pressure when it reached the Keys was recorded at 927 mbar, which makes this storm the sixth most intense hurricane to affect the United States. The worst destruction was still to come though: starting on September 10, one by one, ten ships sunk just west of the Florida coast near the Dry Tortugas, where more than 500 people were killed. With no Hurricane Hunters or satellites back in those days, there was a constant struggle to find the center of the hurricane, and at times the storm was actually "lost". Eventually on September 14, the storm would make a final landfall on the other side of the Gulf in Corpus Christi, Texas, the destruction continued and another 287 were confirmed dead and many more unaccounted for. The damage was estimated at $22 million, and the final death toll is estimated around 900, which makes the 1919 storm one of the five deadliest in US history.

 * See Also: 1919 Florida Keys Hurricane

Hurricane Eric - my dropsonde 22:35, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Cool series
I decided to merge this two article into a big series, so I put that template below the article. If you dislike the form of the template, feel free to modify its format; but please do not eliminate it. Oh.. I also put the Hurricane Donna link in the proper section juan andrés 00:12, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is formatted to have links to main articles after their storm's respective sections. That way, people reading just one section can see that there is another article that may give them more information. -- §  Hurricane ERIC§ archive -- my dropsonde 03:39, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Todo
The writing is pretty poor and very dense. Needs pictures, wikification in some areas, and better use of paragraphs. I'm not sure this article should exist. Jdorje 07:37, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey, I spent a LOT of time researching this article and I have often been commended on my writing skills. I don't see how you can call it 'poor writing'. Grammer and puntuation are good. Spelling is good. Sentence structure is good, and paragraph structure is ok. I don't appreciate your willingness to insult other people's writing so freely. You seem to full disregard the time and effort spent to put these articles together. I do agree that more paragraph breaks and some pictures should be added. -- §  Hurricane ERIC§ archive -- my dropsonde 03:46, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

The research is good (it has formed the basis for several full storm articles that were split off). But don't be so sensitive about criticism! The writing is mediocre in my opinion. Worst is the paragraph structure: one 40-line paragraph for the Okeechobee hurricane? Who could be expected to read such a thing? Elsewhere the wording is poor: Lack of sources is a general problem here. This wouldn't be such a problem if the text wasn't so detailed. But some storms just have way too much detail.
 * "The hurricane formed...and quickly became a hurricane." How could it have become a hurricane if the hurricane had already formed?
 * "Today that would equal about 8 and a half billion dollars." When is today?  "8 and a half" - don't you mean "8.5" or "Eight and a half"?
 * "Sustained winds were 155 mph at landfall just south of Fort Lauderdale" - this has no source given and contradicts what it says in that article.
 * "Sustained winds of 138 mph" - no hurricane has sustained winds of 138 mph; they are always rounded to the nearest 5. I know you're converting from knots, but you can't add significant digits by doing so.
 * "Hurricane force winds were measured over 120 miles away from the center in all directions" - no source is given for this statement, and I believe it is incorrect.
 * "The "Royal" Visit Right Downtown" - what does this even mean? The little "catch phrases" given to each storm are very non-neutral IMO.

All of this is fixable, and isn't the reason I say this article might not deserve to exist. The reason I say that is that everything in this article is duplicated - both with the season articles, and with the storm articles (every article covered here should have a storm article). Do we really need to duplicate it in a third place? And if so, shouldn't we have an article like this for every state? Should I start work on Historic North Carolina hurricanes?

Jdorje 04:05, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The stuff on the Fort Lauderdale hurricane (like the one making landfall with 155 mph winds and hurricane force winds 120 miles from the center) came from the Monthy Weather Review. Also, I'm human, I do make the occational typo. I don't see how a few typos make this mediocre writing. You might as well come and tell me that the article that I spent a month researching and writing sucks. Don't you see how stuff like that can be offensive? You seem to be very unappreciative of other people's work. Your argument about this article being a duplicate is flawed. A large number of articles duplicated it, not the other way around. I chose Florida, because it's the most hurricane-battered state in the country. We don't need an article like this for every state, don't be ridiculous. I don't think I would be opposed to ones for North Carolina and Texas though. The "catch phrases" are plenty neutral and I try to make them encyclopedic (informative) and also excite the mind and intrigue people. Who says imagery can't be used in an encyclopedia, so long as it is encyclopedic? -- §  Hurricane  ERIC  § archive 22:14, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't want to argue, I just want you to make the article better! Use of paragraphs and the addition of references would go a long way. Jdorje 20:59, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I was never against that, in fact, I believe I said that I supported those particular recommendations. See my first rant.

 * "I do agree that more paragraph breaks and some pictures should be added."

 * My main grievance was that I felt that you were being to harsh with you criticizm of the article. I also didn't feel that the writing was poor. Now, arguing never solved anything; since we both agree that more references and paragraphs should be added, let's go ahead and do that and deal with the stuff we disagree on later. -- §  Hurricane  ERIC  § archive 00:39, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

I added paragraph breaks and some pics (all but one unique to this article). I need to do a fact check of Hurricane Donna, I'm not sure all those facts and figures are right. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 02:37, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Nice work so far. While you're at it, I think the donna article itself needs a fact check...try getting Hink to do a rewrite of it. — jdorje (talk) 04:21, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I'll review the Donna article and if the situation is bad enough that it deserves a rewrite, I'll ask Hink if he's up to the job. Otherwise, I'll make the nessesary changes myself. I'd like to get the section on this article squared away first. Unfortunately, I am not in the best of health right now, but I'll do what I can. Any help you could offer would be greatly appreciated. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 01:38, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Made small changes, trying to clean up the text and remove inconsistencies, in Labor Day and Donna. I'm most familiar with the Keys storms. BTW, think this article serves a good purpose; thanks to the original author for creating it. DavidH 00:27, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm flattered David. I spent a lot of time researching it and that means a lot to me. My main concern with the Donna section is that I think I may have done some assuming on a few of those facts instead of using facts with concrete evidence. For example, I think the New Jersey damage stuff is largely inferred using logical reasoning rather that material reports. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 02:34, 14 March 2006 (UTC)
 * You're welcome. I know what you mean about inferred data. I have to verify some other things about Donna (did the eye really hit Key Vaca, or was it Duck Key or Knight's Key?), but I don't have the Donna book handy. I worked for a newspaper headquartered in Marathon (in the early 90s) and they had put out a special book on Donna; the pictures show the area absolutely clobbered, though a few key structures, like the small lighthouse at the Whale Harbor Inn, stood through it. There's also an incredible tale of U.S. Coastguardsmen riding out Donna on the Alligator Reef Light, an iron lighthouse anchored over the reef. BTW, don't I see you also at Storm2K? I'm "Recurve" there. DavidH 04:07, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

 * No, I don't have an account at Storm2K. Anyway, I'll have to check up on the New Jersey damage. Does your book have anything on the east coast damage? If so could you fact check that for me? I'm not sure all that stuff is right. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 03:44, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Never mind. I fixed it. The Donna section has been corrected and I've upgraded this article to a B, I think it deserves it now. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 04:08, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Okeechobee section
I cleaned this section up. Some notable changes:

 * I renamed it from Lake Okeechobee to Okeechobee Hurricane. I have no particular opinion on the name (see the talk page in the hurricane article) but the name must be consistent with the article's name.
 * I removed the wrong information about 1,000-2,000 deaths in puerto rico.
 * I added some information about the even greater catastrophe in the leeward islands.
 * I fixed the landfall wind speed (which was completely wrong).
 * I removed some completely inadequate numbers: "thousands of tons of water" covering "hundreds of acres". The true numbers are much more staggering.  Floodwaters covered hundreds of square miles.  At a depth of five feet (conservative!) that would be hundreds of millions or possibly billions of tons of water.
 * I also just generally condensed it.

— jdorje (talk) 05:19, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It's most commonly refered to as the Lake Okeechobee Hurricane of the San Felipe Hurricane. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 18:55, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Copyedit
I did a copyedit of the article, including some things I imagine you don't agree with. But I'll start with the simple stuff:

 * One consistent problem is that the article goes into too much detail on impact of storms outside of Florida. This article is about Florida, so that's obviously what the focus should be.  I think this means we need to separate the deaths and (if possible) damage and make it clear exactly how much was caused in Florida.  Every storm gives a death toll but for many of them only a few of those deaths occurred in florida.
 * At first I wondered why the detail had been removed, but I see your point. DavidH 16:55, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Every section *must* have a "see also"/"main article" link. I prefer "main article" because, well, that's what it is.  I also prefer having this at the top because that is standard.  For storms that don't have their individual articles the season article suffices as the main article.  The season article should always give the most comprehensive coverage of any storm that doesn't itself have an article, so this is appropriate.  However in many cases this article has more about the storms than the season article does (which brings up the question of sources and derivitive knowledge, but that's another issue).
 * I removed some overly emotional non-encyclopedic phrases. Yes this is supposed to be a story but telling things in a straightforward way carries its own weight by letting the reader be impressed by the raw information being conveyed.
 * I removed some wrong information like "The storm caused $50 million in damages. Today that would be $18 billion."  This is a wrong conversion and no doubt based on the adjusted-for-population values.  If you want to include it that's okay, but you have to make it clear what the information means (it's how much damage an identical storm would cause if it struck today).  Including the adjusted-for-inflation damages would also be good I think.

— jdorje (talk) 04:56, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Overall, I do like the links to "main article" at the top rather than bottom of each section. DavidH 17:03, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

I didn't include the links to seasonal article because main article links should always link to an article that may give more information than what is given here. This article may go into more detail about some of these storms than the seasonal articles do. I also don't see why the links are a must have if the storm has no article. I did try to focus on Florida but I can't just ignore the damage it did to other countries. And before you just start removing facts, make sure that they are in the storm's main article because some of it may be more useful there than here. The fact about Ivan cutting off Jeanne's stearing currents for example should probably be added to the Jeanne article if it's not already there. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 01:40, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Jdorje, you removed a lot of extensive research. You need to think about the consequences before you start removing things that people spent hours researching. Also, in one of the sections I said: "The storm caused $54 million in damage (1945 dollars)." Then you made a note saying "Information wrong: It would equal 8 billion today." Well I'm not talking about today. Note the use of "(1945 dollars)". You might want to read facts and then research them yourself before you say that they're wrong. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 01:51, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Where I removed information for storms that did not have an article, I merged the information into the season article. I assume the storm articles already have more information than this article; if not then the information needs to be merged in there.  In any case since the research had no sources given it is of little long-term use as it will all have to be researched a second time in full to verify the sources.  As for the "information wrong" part, what's wrong is that $54 million in 1945 dollars is not $8 billion in "today" dollars; note that I only cut out the "wrong" $8B value not the $54m value. — jdorje (talk) 08:36, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * What are you talking about? The sources are at the bottom of the page. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 23:07, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm, sources that are not inline are not very useful. Information needs to be verifiable and you can't expect someone to go through the entire external links section to find each piece of data.  (This is a problem with all older articles.  Adding useful sources generally takes more work than writing the article did in the first place, because you do have to go through all the sources to find every little bit of data.)  Anyway, feel free to add back anything, but please include inline sources. — jdorje (talk) 02:34, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * That I agree with but don't say that the sources aren't there at all; inline or otherwise, as was implied above. Remember, citations that suck are better than ones that don't exist. -- §  Hurricane  E  RIC  §Damages archive 20:45, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, yes, you got me: I just didn't notice the sources at the bottom. Still, sucky citations may still be a reason to add a fact tag.  — jdorje (talk) 03:12, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Start-class
Have, per Catastrophic Florida hurricanes: 1961-present, relegated this article to Start-class. Mind you, it's not the EXTENSIVENESS of the article that determines the class, it's how it's WRITTEN. – Chacor 09:12, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Article renamed
Per WP:BOLD, I've moved the article to its current location. It's obviously a list, and "catastrophic" was too POV. "Notable" is still sort of POV, but I can't think of anything better. This article might also be better off being merged into the post-1960 article. – Chacor 05:07, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I merged this with the List of Florida hurricanes article, seeing as it was nearly duplicate in content. --Hurricanehink ( talk ) 15:11, 4 December 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Landau–Kleffner syndrome

Copyright
I marked this as a copyvio of this NINDS page, but according to their disclaimer:

 * All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is appreciated.

So I have added it to the Sources section of the article.

--TheParanoidOne 05:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

This article isn't in terrible shape. Apart from a redirect from progressive epileptic aphasia, the non-eponym term for this disorder, I don't see that it needs much cleaning up, so I'm removing the cleanup notice. -Ikkyu2 18:47, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Jenny McCarthy
This article is likely to get significantly more traffic and attention going forward since Jenny McCarthys child (famous for being a focal point of the immunization->autism argument) may have been diagnosed with LKS (according to Time mag). Gaijin42 (talk) 16:22, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

infantile
What does "infantile" mean as a medical term? I thought it had to do with before the development of speech (in-fans). --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 19:21, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it just means 'in or of a child' --2607:FEA8:D5DF:1AF0:AD20:B600:FF9E:4E34 (talk) 13:01, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

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I hope this can help someone else
Given the rarity of this disorder and having a confirmed diagnosis I would like to offer my two cents.

For me, I have a calcified white matter lesion originating in the falx cerebri of my left hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This lesion, at the very least, is in direct contact with the meningitis of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in my right hemisphere, and we suspect it has actually fused the two hemispheres together via the cellular fusion wound healing process. It causes conductive coupling of the neural network signaling across the two hemispheres, i.g. dysexecutive syndrome, akin to that seen in a layer 2 broadcast storm within a computer ethernet network after someone accidentally plugs a patch cable into the wrong switch port that causes a bridge loop. Since the white matter bridge is calcified, it responds favorably to treatment with n-type calcium channel blockers. To date, it is best managed by taking a very high dose of levetiracetam prior to bedtime, but it also responds to treatment with lamotrigine, valproate, phenylpiracetam, gapentin, piracetam, aniracetam, et. al. My original diagnosis prior to treatment was ASD with level 3 support needs, with treatment, I'm still disabled, but I'm now able to live by myself semi-independently. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation was also helpful, ideally both treatments should be done at the same time. Temazepam was instrumental in helping to progressively stop seizure induced nocturnal enuresis. There is also a central apnea component of some type, sleep studies showed high respiratory disturbance index due to periodic and variable breathing, a ResMed AirCurve 10 ASV was prescribed after failing to respond to traditional obstructive apnea protocols, the backup breath that the ASVAuto protocol provides is essential for mitigating oxygen desaturation during episodes of periodic breathing.

Additionally memantine is helpful, we have not yet tried a high dose regimen as described in the GluN2A–L812M study, but response to this medication suggests the possibility of a GRIN gene mutation. Past experimentation with sarcosine and zinc monomethionine supplementation seemed to be mildly help, but at the time I was taking them there were too many other confounders to make any strong conclustions. Low dose prednisone has also been helpful in the past, but I'm not currently on this medication.

Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia was documented on countless occasions after waking up, as well as gynecomastia which eventually had to be surgically removed due to concerns about cancerous growth, biopsy showed the development of glandular tissue, which is suggestive of chronic hyperprolactinemia during the developmental stages of childhood. As a consequence of the hyperprolactinemia, this also caused hypogonadism (low testosterone, high estradiol ratio) and other down stream endocrine problems such as sub-fertility.

Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity was noted on a standard EEG test. I have never had an EEG based polysomnography test performed due to the costs involved with in-patient testing and not having access to physicians who have the appropriate training, but CSWS and/or NFLE are strongly suspected.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Landau–Kleffner syndrome


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Mercury-in-glass thermometer
Good catch on that. I've revised it and was able to provide a reference. Thanks. CambridgeBayWeather (Talk) 02:05, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Parasympathetic nervous system

Untitled
Can someone please consider addding "Function" as a section to this? --Destrogal 01:35, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Is this article still a stub??? Should I expand on it more?? --LowLifer 05:17, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

It was helpful to me to see this article listed under parasympathetic. Would people doing research know to look for it under a different title?

Merging this article would be false. An antiparasympathetic agent is the OPPOSITE of a parasympathetic agent.

Would it really be that false? I mean, just redirect pages, and make it perfectly clear that an antiparasympathetic agent ISN'T a parasympathetic one.

I think its good to keep the two articles separate. It kind of confuses people. --LowLifer 13:17, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, keep them seperate. antiparasympathetics are a major class of drugs and, though they deserve mention within the parasymp article, this stub has the potential to become a mature article. --anon

I was hoping for some mention of occasions when the balance is disrupted, and unintended effects occur in the gastrointestinal tract. I believe this is sometimes referred to as parasympathetic overreaction.

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The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
Apparently, the text books - and this article - need to be re-written. I'm not enough of an expert to evaluate this and change the entry, but would like to point out:

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6314/893

90.199.222.122 (talk) 08:25, 18 November 2016 (UTC)

Confusing
The first paragraph is confusing me. Why does the second sentence start describing what the ANS does without finishing the explanation of what the parasympathetic nervous system is/does? I'm reading this article because I don't know anything about PNS, and to me it seems like the article assumes I should know more about it than I do. 76.123.165.106 (talk) 23:56, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Two years later, I think I've resolved this. mcs (talk) 21:50, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Grammatical and typographical error corrections
Under the first section: Relationship to the sympathetic nervous system, we have:

 * Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions typically function against one another. But we cant say it as antagonistic, better to term it as complementary in nature. Think of the sympathetic division as the accelerator and the parasympathetic division as the brake.

I would suggest the following corrections to grammar and wording to make the points clearer.

 * Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions typically function in opposition to each other. But this opposition is better termed complimentary in nature rather than antagonistic. For an analogy, one may think of the sympathetic division as the accelerator and the parasympathetic division as the brake.

I have already taken the liberty of inserting the apostrophe missing in "cant" of the original text and replaced the comma after "antagonistic" with a semicolon which reflects better punctuation. --Blue Fire--

Blue Fire 03:58, 8 November 2006 (UTC) I have made the changes above as of Nov. 11, 2006

Under the M2 part of the receptors section the text reads: "Note, they have no minimal on the contractile forces of the ventricular muscle..." I suggest "no minimal" be replaced with "minimal effect."

Effect of M3 receptors on blood vessels
Acetylcholine causes smooth muscle contration, therefore vasocontriction. It's vasodilative properties are due to the effect on endothelial cells, mediated by nitric oxide

201.53.20.243 (talk) 05:21, 24 June 2008 (UTC)Carlos Daniel Llosa

Physical Location
I just spent some time cleaning this section up. Please be sure not to put stuff in there that doesn't have to do with physical location. mcs (talk) 21:52, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Acronym Choice
I think a more helpful acronym for parasympathetic stimulation would be the one I learned in paramedic and fire training (SLUDGEM) to identify cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning from organophosphate pesticides and nerve toxins: Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation Gastric Motility (somewhat more specific than digestion) Emesis Miosis I can't source this, but I'm sure it's out there. I don't know if suggesting a mnemonic comprises original research if all of the effects of the mnemonic can be sourced; however, I believe this mnemonic to be more complete and easier to remember. 99.6.3.205 (talk) 13:47, 12 June 2011 (UTC)Petakia

 * Hi there. Sounds good to me. I would suggest you just "be bold" and add it. You can say, "Some mnemonics include..." and then include both in order to avoid deleting the old one. Don't worry about the sourcing for now. Of course it's always better to have one, but you're acting in good faith, and if someone has a problem with it, they'll take it down and you can worry about finding a source then. mcs (talk) 18:07, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Hello. This article begins with "The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)."  The word "enteric" never appears in this article (according to my page search with Ctrl-F).  But the article on the Sympathetic NS begins "The (ortho-) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three parts of the autonomic nervous system, along with the enteric and parasympathetic systems."  The article on the Autonomic NS also mentions the Enteric NS.  I believe some expert should better harmonize this (PSNS) page with those.  Scholar41 (talk) 09:29, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi. Does anyone ever really refer to the parasympathetic nervous system as the "PNS"?  Wouldn't that get easily confused with the Peripheral nervous sytem (PNS)?  I think this is a misleading acronym in the first sentence.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.23.248.214 (talk) 20:14, 7 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi 152.23.248.214! You are quite right, and I removed the PNS. W152.23.248.214 Friendly regards!  Lova Falk     talk   08:08, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

What does "involuntary" mean?
If voluntary decisions (as shown in the Benjamin Libet experiment among others) is an illusion anyway, then there can be no division into "voluntary" and "autonomical", so the whole term "autonomical nervous system" is misframed. Then it is the making up of afterconstructs that limits what is "voluntary". This explains why extreme recoveries after brain damage and other cases of extreme neuroplasticity are linked to tolerant environments (as shown by Kurt Fischer and Christina Hinton in "Mind, Brain and Education" and by Norman Doidge in "The brain that changes itself") which does not create pressure to justify one's actions, as well as why techniques for will-based change of "autonomical" functions invariably come from cultures that do not believe in pure good and pure evil and never from, say, abrahamitic cultures (their belief in pure good and pure evil creates strong pressure to justify one's actions). See the articles "Moderating the free will debate" and "Brain" on topic page "Psychology" and the topic page "Advice of ways to stop justifying" at Pure science Wiki 37.250.198.95 (talk) 12:47, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Libet and others have shown problems with the theories that people hold about voluntary and involuntary behaviors, but the terms are still useful in an operational way for distinguishing two types of behaviors, those that people can perform in response to instructions and those that they can't. For example, clenching your hand into a fist is voluntary; slowing your heart rate or emitting a genuine smile (as opposed to a fake smile) are involuntary for most people. Looie496 (talk) 15:29, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
 * But the examples of tolerant environments in brain recoveries, as well as instructed changes being concentrated to cultures without belief in pure good or pure evil, shows that the term "most people" is highly parochial. 95.209.92.81 (talk) 16:46, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
 * If you're proposing a change to this article, could you be more clear about what sort of change you are proposing? Looie496 (talk) 17:23, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

Is Heart Rate Variability related to the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system?
I couldn't find any mention of the Heart Math studies on the relationship between Heart Rate Variability and the parasympathetic nervous system on the main page. Is a mention justified here ? John Mudie (talk) 06:55, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

Lungs and Heart
Anyone know why the lungs and heart aren't listed in the Organ chart? I don't have a written reference handy for this, though I suppose I could just cite the Thieme atlas that's on my bookshelf. --Karinpower (talk) 03:07, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing this out. No reason, please feel welcome to add it (but if you're adding a source, please include the page number too). --Tom (LT) (talk) 09:00, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Does the chart even belong there - it's labelled autonomic nervous system and only refers to the vagus nerve...? Iztwoz (talk) 09:04, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Also - the cardiopulmonary nerves belong to the sympathetic nervous system. Iztwoz (talk) 12:04, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Hence why I'm posing the question rather than making an edit myself. I have a science background and have studied Peter Levine's approach to trauma resolution but not a vagus nerve expert. Have heard osteopaths talking about working with the vagus nerve to the lungs, and the vagal brake on the heart is a famous aspect of parasympathetic function. But as I mentioned, I don't have sources handy and prefer not to edit where I'm not completely confident in my understanding. Looking forward to hearing what others have to say.

(Also, may I say, I rather like the chart and the fact that it indicated both sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions. To say that those organs are innervated by vagus is useful but good to know what else does too to give it perspective.) --Karinpower (talk) 04:00, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

Inaccurate information on Parasympathetic cell bodies [Structure section]
The article inaccurately states that cell bodies are found in the spinal cord between T12-L1. PSNS cell bodies are found in the S2-S4 spinal NERVES. The source the author cited was specifically talking about the spinal cord originating from the cranium and terminating at L2, not the spinal nerves of the parasympathetic system. The correct information can be found in numerous textbooks and articles, such as the same source the author used but with the correction section https://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/nervous_system.html.

-Adammb91 4/18/18

More sources stating that the preganglionic PSNS neurons originate in the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves and not the IML of the spinal cord. http://www2.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/notes/ans.htm https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1959222/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Adammb91 (talk • contribs) 18:15, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parasympathetic nervous system


text: User talk:67.100.246.218

title: User talk:67.100.246.218


text:
User talk:Rickus

Hi, if you would like to leave a message, please edit the header below

hi
Hi Rickus,

Thanks for the input to Bunun language. I'm hoping to be able to add a lot of material to all the Formosan languages someday relatively soon — September or October, perhaps — but am studying for prelims now. Nice to meet you, hope to work with you in the future! Ling.Nut 12:09, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Userbox
Hi, it has been brought to my attention that the image you are using in the La Trobe University userbox is fair use and cannot therefore be used on a userpage. I would appreciate if you could remove it. Thankyou. Viridae Talk 11:49, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * New box here: User La Trobe. ~ trialsanderrors 07:09, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

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Vice Presidential Palace (Indonesia)

The Vice Presidential Palace (Istana Wakil Presiden) is occupied by the offices of the Vice President of Indonesia, located on Merdeka Selatan Street in Jakarta. It is currently occupied by Vice President Ma'ruf Amin.

title: Vice Presidential Palace (Indonesia)


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Al Quada is the little-known sister organization of Al Quida.

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Madgul

Madgul is a Mandal in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. It is located 103 km from Mahabubnagar and 76 km from state headquarters Hyderabad. It is the home town of politician Jaipal Reddy who served as the member of legislative assembly from Kalwakurthy.

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User:Suzuka hiiragi

Hello. I am Wikipedian of Japan. It chiefly acts with ja:wikipedia.

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Dana White

Dana Frederick White Jr. (born July 28, 1969) is an American businessman who is the CEO and president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a global mixed martial arts organization. He is also the owner of Power Slap, a slap fighting promotion. In August 2019, White's net worth was estimated at $500 million

Early life and education
White was born in Manchester, Connecticut, to June and Dana White Sr. on July 28, 1969. He is an Irish American. White spent many of his early years residing in Ware, Massachusetts.

White and his sister, Kelly, were raised by their mother and her family for the majority of their childhoods. White's mother was a nurse, and the family moved to Las Vegas when White was in third grade, as Vegas offered higher wages for nurses. White attended Bishop Gorman High School, where he first met Lorenzo Fertitta, although they did not become close friends until years later. White said he disliked school and "got kicked out of Gorman twice". Despite living in Nevada, the Whites returned to the East Coast in the summers, to spend time with White's grandparents in Levant, Maine, a small town near Bangor. White spent his senior year of high school in Maine.

After graduating from Hermon High School in 1987, White started college twice, once at Quincy College and once at UMass Boston, but dropped out during his first semester each time. During this time, he had various jobs, such as laying asphalt, working as a bouncer at an Irish bar, and being a bellhop at the Boston Harbor Hotel. White had begun boxing at age 17, and befriended former Golden Gloves champion Peter Welch. Through this relationship, White decided he wanted to enter the fight business, and he started a boxing gym in Boston with Welch. White initially intended to become a professional boxer himself, but was put off by the idea after seeing a punch drunk boxer and worrying that he would suffer the same neurodegeneration. White then worked as a boxercise coach.

White has stated he left Boston to return to Las Vegas in the early 1990s after being threatened by mobster Whitey Bulger and his associate Kevin Weeks. "He basically said, 'You owe us money'. It was like $2,500, which was like $25,000 to me back then, and I didn't pay him. This went on for a while and one day I was at my place and I got a call and they said, 'You owe us the money tomorrow by 1 o'clock'. I literally hung up the phone, picked up the phone and called Delta and bought a ticket to Vegas."

In Las Vegas, White continued running boxercise gyms and also began training jiu-jitsu under the tutelage of John Lewis (a competitor in UFC 22 and UFC 28), alongside Lorenzo Fertitta and his older brother Frank Fertitta III. White had reconnected with the Fertitta brothers after meeting Lorenzo at a mutual friend's wedding; they had not spoken to each other in 10 years prior to this encounter. It was in Lewis' practises where White met mixed martial artists Tito Ortiz and Chuck Liddell and ultimately became their manager.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
While working as a manager for Ortiz and Liddell, White met Bob Meyrowitz, the owner of Semaphore Entertainment Group, the then-parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). When White learned that Meyrowitz was looking to sell the UFC, he contacted childhood friend Lorenzo Fertitta (an executive and co-founder of Station Casinos, and former commissioner of the Nevada State Athletic Commission), to ask if he would be interested in acquiring the company. In January 2001, Lorenzo and his older brother Frank acquired the UFC for $2 million, which subsequently became a subsidiary of Zuffa. White was installed as the company's president.

White said that when he and the Fertittas acquired the UFC, all they received was the brand name "UFC" and an old octagon. The previous owners had stripped the company's assets to avoid bankruptcy, so much so that the UFC.com website had been sold to a company named "User Friendly Computers". Over time, with White as president, the UFC developed into a highly successful business, and its gross revenue was $600 million in 2015. In July 2016, Zuffa was sold to a consortium of investors led by WME-IMG for $4.025 billion. White owned 9% of the company at the time of the sale. White continued in his role as president, and was given a stake in the new business. In a now-famous street interview with TMZ Sports in 2011, Dana White responded "Never Ever" to the question: "When will we see women in the UFC?" He would later reverse this decision in February 2013 when Ronda Rousey faced Liz Carmouche in the first women's UFC bout.

The first UFC cards under White's leadership, UFC 30 and UFC 31, were held in the Trump Taj Mahal. This would lead to the development in White's high-profile relationship with Donald Trump.

In May 2017, the UFC announced White would host Dana White's Contender Series. Available exclusively through UFC Fight Pass, the promotion's digital streaming service, and licensed separately from the UFC brand, the show allows up and coming fighters the chance to showcase their talents in hopes that one day they may compete in the UFC.

On March 18, 2019, White signed a new, seven-year contract to remain president of the UFC, as the UFC signed a deal with ESPN.

On April 3, 2023, Endeavor (re-named from WME-IMG) announced a deal that would see professional wrestling company WWE merge with UFC to form a new public company. White will now serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the UFC.

Boxing
White entered the boxing scene by co-promoting Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor due to McGregor being contracted to the UFC. In October 2017, White said at Freddie Roach's Wild Card West boxing club that he was "getting into boxing, 100 percent." White said in 2019 that he wanted to incorporate boxing into the company portfolio of the UFC. He has since backpedaled on these plans, stating in 2022 that boxing promotion is "a broken business that is an absolute nightmare to try to fix".

Other ventures
White is the owner of Power Slap, a slap fighting competition that debuted in January 2023 and was previously televised on TBS.

In 2022, White became a co-owner of Thrill One Sports & Entertainment which owns the properties of Nitro Circus, Nitrocross, and Street League Skateboarding.

Personal life
White met his wife Anne (née Stella) when they were in the eighth grade, and they married in 1996. They have two sons and one daughter. White bought a mansion in Pine Island Court, Las Vegas, in 2006 from Frank Fertitta III for $1.95 million. White bought three other mansions in the same area from October 2016 to June 2017 for a combined total of around $6.2 million. Demolition permits were issued for the houses, presumably with the intent of creating a mega-mansion for White and his family.

White was raised as a Catholic and was an altar boy when he was a kid, but he now considers himself to be an atheist and doesn't believe in an afterlife.

In 2011, White's mother, June, released the book Dana White, King of MMA: An Unauthorized Biography. June claimed in the book that, since his success with the UFC, Dana had "turned his back on his family and friends who were there for him when he needed help and support".

Hobbies and interests
White is a fan of the Beastie Boys, Red Hot Chili Peppers and Rage Against the Machine. Speaking on the passing of Adam Yauch, White said: "I seriously haven't been impacted by a death in a long time like I was with the Beastie Boys". White also has a hand-signed guitar by all three members of the Beastie Boys in his office, alongside a copy of the Beastie Boys Book on the desk.

White has been a fan of the New England Patriots since childhood, and he has stated that he is an admirer of the former Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. White said in a 2022 interview alongside Rob Gronkowski that he had worked to negotiate a deal which would have brought Brady and Gronkowski to the Las Vegas Raiders in 2020, but Jon Gruden nixed the deal and the duo instead signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

White started taking Brazilian Jiu-jitsu classes in 1998, it had a positive impact on him and made him realize the importance of having ground skills in fighting situations.

In a season 15 episode of History Channel's Pawn Stars (originally airing on February 5, 2018), White purchased around $60,000 worth of katana swords, including one of Rick Harrison's 17th-century Japanese katanas.

White is a recreational gambler. He plays high-stakes blackjack, and has been limited from playing at multiple casinos in Las Vegas. He states he plays $75,000 a hand, and if he wins the first couple of hands, he takes the $150,000 profit and leaves. White also gambles on sports. He stated in 2021 that the biggest sports bet he had placed was in 2007, when he wagered $1 million on Jermain Taylor to beat Kelly Pavlik. Taylor lost the bout by technical knockout, and White said about the experience, "I was in Cabo, relaxing having fun. That ruined my fun. Ruined my whole trip."

Health issues
In May 2012, White revealed that he had been diagnosed with Ménière's disease, an inner ear disorder. He said, "It's like vertigo but on steroids." White said that the disease was brought on because of a large fight he was involved in during his youth. The UFC on Fuel TV 3: Korean Zombie vs. Poirier event was the first he had missed in 11 years with White staying home, adhering to medical advice.

White underwent Orthokine treatment for Ménière's disease, which he says has greatly reduced his symptoms.

In 2022, White stated he had undergone medical testing and was diagnosed with extremely high triglyceride levels and other irregularities. He was given 10.4 years left to live if he did not rectify the problems. White said that since then he has adhered to a ketogenic diet, which he says has remedied his sleep apnea and alleviated his leg pain.

Altercation with his wife
During a 2022 New Year's Eve party at a nightclub in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, White and his wife Anne were filmed arguing and then getting into a physical altercation with each other. Anne slapped White and White responded by slapping her back. They both apologized for their actions, and said they had consumed too much alcohol that night. The UFC did not respond or address White's actions after the incident. The California Legislative Women's Caucus sent a letter to Ari Emanuel, CEO of Endeavor, the company that owns the UFC, requesting White be removed from his role in the UFC.

Politics
White spoke at the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, where he endorsed Republican nominee Donald Trump. White said that Trump helped the UFC at its beginnings, allowing the UFC to host its first event under Zuffa ownership (UFC 30) at the Trump Taj Mahal when other venues refused to host the UFC. White said, "No arenas wanted us. This guy reached out, and he's always been a friend to me." White reiterated his support for Trump for the 2020 election and spoke at the podium at a Trump reelection rally in Colorado. In February 2020, White donated $1 million to America First Action, a super political action committee that supported Trump's re-election. In April 2020, White joined a group of industry leaders to help the United States rebuild its economy hit by the coronavirus pandemic. White introduced Trump at the 2024 Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Charity work
In 2010, White donated $50,000 for a liver transplant to Tuptim Jadnooleum, the daughter of "Kru Nai" Rattanachai, one of the instructors for Tiger Muay Thai and MMA in Phuket, Thailand. In 2011, White donated $100,000 to his former high school to fund renovations to their athletic facilities. In 2017, White donated $1 million to the victims of the Las Vegas shooting. In 2019, after UFC 242, Khabib Nurmagomedov raised $100,000 for Dustin Poirier's charity, The Good Fight Foundation, White followed and also donated $100,000 to Poirier's charity foundation. In 2024, White donated $50,000 towards the support of victims affected by the attempted assassination of former president Donald J. Trump during a rally held on July 13th in Butler, PA.

Awards

 * Armed Forces Foundation
 * Patriot Award (2009)
 * World MMA Awards
 * Leading Man of the Year (2008–23)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Promoter of the Year (2005–13; 2015–16)
 * Other accomplishments
 * Nevada Sportsman of the Year (2009)

title: Dana White


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Corporate terrorism

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Some concerns were expressed about the name and content, and these should be addressed through the usual mechanisms. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 05:42, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Corporate terrorism
Inherently POV. tregoweth 05:25, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I added the VFD tag to the article, which was not done. No vote from me. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 05:31, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Forgot to hit save in that window. Thanks! tregoweth 05:39, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite there have been instances of corporations enginging or promoting terrorist acts (cf Labor History). How ever the current article is just an anti-capitalist screed. Klonimus 05:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite. It's a valid topic, but it needs to be made NPOV. Gwk 05:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless evidence is presented that this phrase is in widespread usage. Gamaliel 05:39, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep/Rewrite As the author of the inital version I created this article also mentioning that this is just a rough sketch to expand upon. I just typed off without bothering about the NPOV. Please do rewrite this in any way as seen fit without any bias, either systemic or systamatic.
 * As far as Gamaliel's question, it is in fairly decent usage mainly by media. It was used when describing companies like Enron, Monsanto etc. that used their muscle power. Even KFC used the term, albeit it was misued by them. It is one example that corporates and media that reports mainly on corporates have and are using the term with increasing regularity.--Idleguy 06:04, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I've seen the term quite a bit in mainstream media, but the article needs rewriting to achieve NPOV. Howee 06:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but re-write from the NPOV. --Angr/undefined 06:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to corporate malfeasance. This phrase gets 50,100 hits to "corporate terrorism"'s 954, and honestly even putting that huge difference in common usage aside, just describes the situation much better.  Our terrorism article here says "terrorism involves violence and the threat of violence"; as bad as closing down shops, lying about finances, etc. are, they're not terrorism or well-analogized to terrorism.  Dcarrano 07:35, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't mind the move. But terrorism isn't just about violence or threat of violence. cyber-terrorism has todate not resulted in the deaths of any people yet is listed under the terrorism article. infact "corporate terrorism" has resulted in the suicides of people affected by such corporate threats to their lives or livelihood. Idleguy 17:32, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree with Dcarrano. Move content to new corporate malfeasance, expand, and redirect corporate terrorism there. --Dave63 08:02, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename as Dcarrano. --Axon 11:44, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per Dcarrano. --TheMidnighters 12:50, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per Dcarrano. This devalues the term "terrorism". --Red King 14:21, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename to corporate malfeasance in agreement with Dcarrano, but do not redirect this title to there; instead list it as a Requested Article. There have been cases of genuine corporate terrorism, some of which are sufficiently verifiable, but they're much rarer than corporate malfeasance and the two should not be confused.  Barno 15:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to corporate malfeasance and cleanup. Also will need an NPOV-ing once there; it's disputable whether some of these examples could be described as malfeasance. Christopher Parham (talk) 18:20, 2005 July 14 (UTC)
 * Move I agree with christopher parham. but take of POV first, then move to corporate malfeasance. --jonasaurus 21:10, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename/Redirect and Rewrite. siafu 23:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rename per Dcarrano Merge with Corporate abuse. While corporate abuse is a very important and worthy topic for an article, it is silly to feel the need to identify everything bad that happens in the world under the label 'terrorism'. --Bletch 20:19, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep/Rewrite. Optionally rename, and mention the terrorism form in the introductory paragraph. And, please, expand. --Shaddack 01:33, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Irving Trust

Irving Trust was an American commercial bank headquartered in New York City that operated between 1851 and 1988 when it was acquired by Bank of New York. From 1965, the bank was the principal subsidiary of the Irving Bank Corporation.

Between 1913 and 1931, its headquarters was in the Woolworth Building; after 1931, until it was acquired by Bank of New York, its headquarters was located at 1 Wall Street, at what is now known as the BNY Mellon Building.

History
The bank had its origins in 1851, when the Irving Bank of the City of New York was founded. Since there was not yet a federal currency, each bank issued its own paper for use. The firm was named after Washington Irving, an author, diplomat, and lawyer who had gained an international reputation as America's first man of letters. His portrait appeared on the bank's notes.

In June 1865, it converted from a state bank to a bank chartered under the National Bank Act of 1863, and became the Irving National Bank of New York. In 1907, after a merger, it became the Irving National Exchange Bank of New York, changing its name to the Irving National Bank in 1912. In 1918, it acquired, by merger, the Market and Fulton National Bank of New York, and in 1919, the Sherman National Bank of New York and the National City Bank of Brooklyn. In 1922, it merged with the Columbia Trust Company, a New York State-chartered bank, creating the Irving Bank and Trust Company. Later, in 1926, it acquired by merger the American Exchange-Pacific Bank, and changed its name to the American Exchange Irving Trust Company. Finally, in 1929, it changed its name to the Irving Trust Company, the name under which it was known until 1989.

On March 9, 1921, there were four national banks in New York City operating branch offices, also including Chatham and Phenix National, the Mechanics and Metals National, the Irving National, and National City Bank.

In 1922, Irving Trust opened an account with Roskombank, enabling the bank to conduct transactions with Russia and later the Soviet Union.

In 1923, Irving Trust held correspondent accounts for the sovzagranbank (Совзагранбанк) Russo-Iranian Bank (RIB) also known a Rusiranbank (Русиранбанк).

In 1929, Irving was New York's fourth ranked financial institution, and fifth in the United States.

Irving Trust was an official sponsor of the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York.

In 1983, the Irving Trust had 13 branches in New York and was primarily a wholesale bank working with mid- and large-sized corporations and banks. It also had offices around the world, allowing for their claim that the sun never set on the Irving.

In 1986, Natasha Kagalovsky (née Gurfinkel) became an employee as head of the department handling accounts with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

Merged into Bank of New York
On October 7, 1988, the Irving Trust board signed an agreement to merge with Bank of New York ending a yearlong battle as Bank of New York engineered a hostile takeover. At the time of the merger, the combined banks became the United States' 12th largest bank with asset of $42 billion. During that year, Irving had been trying to participate in a friendly merger with Banca Commerciale Italiana.

title: Irving Trust


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Equatorial Counter Current

The Equatorial Counter Current is an eastward flowing, wind-driven current which extends to depths of 100 - 150 m in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. More often called the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), this current flows west-to-east at about 3-10°N in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Pacific basins, between the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The NECC is not to be confused with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) that flows eastward along the equator at depths around 200 m in the western Pacific rising to 100 m in the eastern Pacific.

In the Indian Ocean, circulation is dominated by the impact of the reversing Asian monsoon winds. As such, the current tends to reverse hemispheres seasonally in that basin. The NECC has a pronounced seasonal cycle in the Atlantic and Pacific, reaching maximum strength in late boreal summer and fall and minimum strength in late boreal winter and spring. Furthermore, the NECC in the Atlantic disappears in late winter and early spring.

The NECC is an interesting case because while it results from wind-driven circulation, it transports water against the mean westward wind stress in the tropics. This apparent paradox is concisely explained by Sverdrup theory, which shows that the east-west transport is governed by the north-south change in the curl of the wind stress.

The Pacific NECC is also known to be stronger during warm episodes of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Klaus Wyrtki, who first reported this connection, suggested that a stronger than normal NECC could be the cause of an El Niño because of the extra volume of warm water it carried eastwards.

There is also a South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) that transports water from west to east in the Pacific and Atlantic basins between 2°S and 5°S in the western basin and farther south toward the east. While the SECC is geostrophic in nature, the physical mechanism for its appearance is less clear than with the NECC; that is, Sverdrup theory does not obviously explain its existence. Additionally, the seasonal cycle of the SECC is not as defined as that of the NECC.

Theoretical background
The NECC is a direct response to the meridional changes in the coriolis parameter and the wind stress curl near the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In part the NECC owes its existence to the fact that the ITCZ is not located at the equator, rather several degrees of latitude to the north. The rapid relative change in the coriolis parameter (a function of latitude) near the equator combined with the ITCZ being located north of the equator leads to similar rapid changes in the surface Ekman transport of the ocean and areas of convergence and divergence in the oceanic mixed layer. Using the larger Pacific basin as an example, the resulting dynamic height pattern consists of a trough at the equator, and ridge near 5° degrees north, a trough at 10°N, and finally a ridge closer to 20°N. From geostrophy (the perfect balance between the mass field and velocity field), the NECC is located between the ridge and trough at 5°N and 10°N, respectively.

Sverdrup theory succinctly summarizes this phenomenon mathematically by defining a geostrophic mass transport per unit latitude, M, as the east-west integral of the meridional derivative of wind stress curl, minus any Ekman transport. The Ekman transport into the current is typically negligible, at least in the Pacific NECC. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes.

Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent
The Atlantic NECC consists of the eastward zonal transport of water between 3°N and 9°N, with typical widths on the order of 300 km. The Atlantic NECC is unique among the equatorial currents in that basin because of its extreme seasonality. The maximum eastward flow is attained in late boreal summer and fall while the countercurrent is replaced by westward flow in late winter and spring. The NECC has maximum transport of approximately 40 Sv (10^6 m3/s) at 38°W. Transport reaches 30 Sv two months per year at 44°W, while farther east at 38°W the transport reaches that level five months per year. The magnitude of the NECC weakens substantially east of 38°W due to water being absorbed by the westward equatorial current south of 3°N.

While the variability of the Atlantic NECC is dominated by the annual cycle (weak late winter, strong late summer), there is also interannual variability as well. The strength of the Atlantic NECC is notably stronger in years following El Niño in the tropical Pacific, with 1983 and 1987 being notable examples. Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Niño drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic.

Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent
The Pacific NECC is a major eastward moving surface current that transports more than 20 Sv from the West Pacific warm pool to the cooler east Pacific. In the western Pacific the countercurrent is centred near 5°N while in the central Pacific it is located near 7°N.

At the surface, the current is located on the southern slope of the North Equatorial Trough, a region of low sea level which extends from east to west across the Pacific. The low sea level is a result of Ekman suction caused by the increased easterly winds found just to the north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In the western basin, the NECC may merge with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) below the surface. Generally, the current weakens to the east in the basin, with estimated flows of 21 Sv, 14.2 Sv, and 12 Sv in the western, central, and eastern Pacific, respectively.

Like the Atlantic NECC, the Pacific NECC undergoes an annual cycle. This is a result of the annual Rossby wave. Early each year increased winds in the eastern Pacific generate a region of lower sea level. Over the following months this propagates westward as an oceanic Rossby wave. Its fastest component, near 6°N, reaches the western Pacific around mid-summer. At higher latitudes the wave travels more slowly. As a result in the western Pacific the NECC tends to be weaker than normal in the boral winter and spring, and stronger than normal in the summer and autumn.

Fluctuations of the Pacific NECC with El Niño
The Pacific NECC is known to be stronger during classic El Niño events, when there is an anomalous warming of the eastern and central Pacific that peaks in the boreal winter. Klaus Wyrtki was the first to report the connection, in the early 1970s, based on analysis of tide-gauge measurements at Pacific island stations on either side of the current. On the basis of this analysis, Wyrtki hypothesized that such an unusually strong NECC in the western Pacific would lead to an anomalous accumulation of warm water of the coast of Central America and thus an El Niño.

title: Equatorial Counter Current


text:
User talk:Aronomy

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title: User talk:Aronomy


text:
User talk:Suzuka hiiragi

Welcome from Redwolf24
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title: User talk:Suzuka hiiragi


text:
Talk:Ember McLain

Trivia
I took out the trivia section.Schuym1 (talk) 21:56, 21 June 2008 (UTC)schuym1

 * - Why did you remove Trivia? Many wikipedia articles use this to place info that holds minor relevance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.157.185.134 (talk) 18:40, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Quality Issue's
This article is in desperate need of a clean-up. There are many "facts" that are simply rumor, having never been mentioned or elaborated on the show.

Anything resembling personal opinion should be removed. Before making edits, make sure that:

 * You have a valid source to back up your claim.
 * No: "I heard on this message-board/fanfic that...".

 * You are not inadvertently putting your own spin on things.
 * No: "She probably did that because of her secret feelings for Danny".

Why did you remove the trivia? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.86.189.33 (talk) 23:10, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Try to structure the page correctly. Everything has it's place, you don't need to say everything you want to in one breath (or in this case one category).

Ember's Death
How did Ember Mclain die?? Just wondering because i havent found anything on her backyard except for pics and stuff of what she looked like before she died. But i dont know HOW she died.

Does anyone? (At least you saw the pre-death pics. I haven't!)

I suspect it was in a fire, but I don't have any evidence; I just kind of feel that way.

I was told from a very reliable source that Ember's death was of loneliness/heartbreak. It was said that she fell in love with a boy (the one spoken of in the song) who loved her in return, but after two weeks he still hadn't called her. One day, she saw him at the mall with another girl, and after she spoke to him he said, "...and what's your name?" That's why she says "you will remember my name" in her song. It's just what I heard, but I think it sounds reasonable. - Brittany

Who (or what) is your reliable source?

My friend told me, but she said she heard it from Butch Hartman somewhere. - Brittany

Actually...if you listen closely to the song on Hartman's website, it seems to be describing the manner of her death, and I think that's right. It's hard to understand what she says, but from what I can glean it does sound like she died of heartbreak. Lord Sephiroth02:01, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Though none of the ghosts have a confirmed death (Except Desiree who died of a broken heart), My guess is that it was a stage Pyrotechnics at early in her career before she could make a name for herself. Troubled that she is dead before anyone knows her it is why she haunts. A possible fan theory. Mystic Monkey 81.129.89.78 (talk) 14:31, 2 June 2008 (UTC)Ember mclain did not die from heartbreak she did die from a fire how do we know? 1.her hair.Ember's hair is fire like really so we know that she had to of died from a fire 2.in her song. in Ember's song one of the lyrics are ember so warm and tender and she talks about how her death was in steptember. and how she says "like dead trees in cold decmber " she says that she was found dead in decmber all this proof ( well not a lot ) proves that's ember died in a fire also ember talks about cold things  in her song then she says "so warn and tender!!!" that proves she died in a fire

Lyrics to the song "Remember"
It can be found here:

http://www.fantasykat.com/ch/dg/ember.html

The song is so awesome! 69.236.187.108 23:27, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

Ember McLain's song, remember has the tune of a life time. First song from her album from Remember The Name by Fanning The Flames, also new album Pirate Radio!!!

References in Ember's Name
Saying "Ember McLain" is a reference to Avril Lavigne seems a pretty big stretch when we've got Shirley MacLaine, someone who at least deals in the afterlife and has almost exactly the same last name. Courtney dawn cornett i am the one that sings her remember
 * I agree, at least with Avril not being a reference (they don't sound even all that similar), although the Shirley MacLaine bit didn't occur to me 'til you said it. --DarkfireTaimatsu 08:18, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Guitar?
Before I add what I think her guitar brand is, I think it's a modified Epiphone but not sure.

Mystic Monkey 81.129.89.78 (talk) 14:07, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Weapons of her Guitar   i am courtney the one  that sings her remember I have a guitar but it's a toy need to be one but long ago almost lost my life in a fire 2

Fire:Icon briefly shown in beginning, not used.

Sonic Wave:Knocks opponents(Danny) back

Skull:Powerful energy blast

Fist:Shoots a laser fist

Mind Control:Makes a purple spiral to take control of her fans

Music:Plays like a regular guitar

Love:Makes boys infatuated with a nearby girl

title: Talk:Ember McLain