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California State Route 20

State Route 20 (SR 20) is a state highway in the northern-central region of the U.S. state of California, running east–west north of Sacramento from the North Coast to the Sierra Nevada. Its west end is at SR 1 in Fort Bragg, from where it heads east past Clear Lake, Colusa, Yuba City, Marysville and Nevada City to I-80 near Emigrant Gap, where eastbound traffic can continue on other routes to Lake Tahoe or Nevada.

Portions of SR 20 are built near the routing of what was first a wagon road and later a turnpike in the late 19th century. This road was extended through the state highway system all the way to Ukiah in the early 20th century, and the missing link near Clear Lake was completed in 1932 before the official designation of this highway as SR 20 in 1934. There have been subsequent improvements to the road, such as the conversion of the Grass Valley portion of the route to freeway standards.

Route description
State Route 20 begins at SR 1 in southern Fort Bragg, less than 1 mi from the Pacific Ocean. It heads east, quickly climbing into the Mendocino Range along a ridge and crossing through Dunlap Pass. The highway continues to rise alongside the North Fork Big River and tributaries, crossing another summit and then descending to Willits in the Little Lake Valley via Broaddus Creek. An overlap with US 101 begins in Willits and heads southeasterly to Calpella, north of Ukiah in Redwood Valley. There SR 20 turns east again, crossing the Russian River, passing the north shore of Lake Mendocino, and rising to a summit via the East Fork Russian River and Cold Creek. The roadway again descends alongside the Blue Lakes and Scotts Creek to the junction with SR 29 and the settlement of Upper Lake in the Clear Lake Basin. SR 20 closely follows the northeast shore of Clear Lake, staying right above the water line to avoid the adjacent hills. Where the lake ends, SR 20 continues east, intersecting SR 53 and then following the North Fork Cache Creek and tributaries to the Lake-Colusa County line. During its final descent into the Sacramento Valley, SR 20 intersects SR 16 and curves north and back east, entering the valley via Salt Creek.

Once it enters the flat Sacramento Valley, SR 20 takes a generally straight path, crossing I-5 in Williams, overlapping SR 45 near the west bank of the Sacramento River southeast from Colusa, and then turning back east to cross the Sacramento River and Sutter Bypass on its way to Yuba City. The route crosses SR 99 west of central Yuba City, and runs east through northern Yuba City to the Feather River, which it crosses on the 10th Street Bridge into Marysville. Within the central part of that city, SR 20 makes several turns, first turning south from 10th Street onto E Street, then east on 9th Street (overlapping SR 70), north on B Street, and east on 12th Street (splitting from SR 70). The highway leaves Marysville to the northeast, paralleling the Yuba River on its north side as it enters the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.

SR 20 rises into the Sierra along the north side of the Yuba River, crossing to the south side near Smartsville and then climbing through several ravines to the Penn Valley. The current alignment, built in the mid-1980s as a mostly two-lane freeway, continues east across rugged terrain to the city of Grass Valley, where it joins SR 49 on the Golden Center Freeway. The two routes travel northeast to Nevada City, where SR 49 turns northwest and SR 20 resumes its eastward course as a two-lane highway. The roadway climbs from Nevada City and follows Harmony Ridge and Washington Ridge before descending into the Bear Valley via a series of hairpin turns, and then climbing, just north of Emigrant Gap, to its end at I-80 at Yuba Pass. The Pioneer Trail, a National Recreation Trail, parallels SR 20 from a point on Harmony Ridge to the Bear Valley, and includes parts of a branch of the California Trail first used in 1850.

SR 20 east of US 101 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, although it is mostly a two-lane surface road; west of SR 29 and east of SR 53, it is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. All of SR 20 is on the Interregional Road System, a highway system that connects major economic centers of the state, and has been selected by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) as a High Emphasis Route and Focus Route from US 101 to SR 29 and SR 53 to I-80, with the designated corridor following SR 29 and SR 53 around the south side of Clear Lake. It is also eligible for the State Scenic Highway System from SR 1 to SR 16 and SR 49 to I-80, and has been designated as such for 6 mi near the east end; this is part of the federally designated Yuba-Donner Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway that uses SR 20 east of SR 49.

History
The east end of SR 20, from Bear Valley (just below Emigrant Gap) to Nevada City, closely follows a branch of the Truckee Route of the California Trail, first used by California-bound emigrants in 1850. Later a turnpike was built here by the same company that opened the Pacific Turnpike (Culbertson Road and Bowman Lake Road between Dutch Flat and Bowman Lake) in 1864.

By the end of the 1910s, a passable dirt and gravel road connected Ukiah and Nevada City via the south side of Clear Lake and Marysville. The portion between Lower Lake and Wilbur Springs was impassable in wet weather, at which times the Bartlett Springs and Bear Valley Toll-road via Upper Lake and Bartlett Springs was available for $1.50 each way or $2.50 round trip. This route generally followed the present SR 20, except around Clear Lake and between Marysville and Rough and Ready (where it used Spenceville Road). Beyond Nevada City to Emigrant Gap, the old turnpike was not passable; instead the present SR 174 was available for eastward drivers. Between Williams and Colusa, the road was paved in concrete, as it had been added to the state highway system as part of the first (1910) bond issue, specifically as Route 15, connecting the west Sacramento Valley trunk (Route 7, now I-5) with the county seat of Colusa.

This state highway was significantly extended in both directions in 1919, west to Ukiah and east to Emigrant Gap, creating what was known as the Tahoe-Ukiah Highway, connecting Ukiah and Lake Tahoe in combination with Route 37 (now I-80) and Route 38 (now SR 89). The law that defined the extension simply stated that it would connect "Ukiah to Tahoe City"; the state decided in September 1925 that it would run the highway along the north shore of Clear Lake, combining with the planned Rumsey-Lower Lake Highway (Route 50, now SR 53 and SR 16) east to Wilbur Springs. With the completion of this segment in mid-1932, the highway was ready for heavy travel, and became Sign Route 20 in 1934 as part of the initial signed state route system.

In 1953, the legislature added an extension of Route 15 from US 101 at Willits (north of Ukiah) west to SR 1 near Fort Bragg. This was constructed (over an existing county road ) and became part of Sign Route 20 prior to 1964, when the Route 20 designation was legislatively adopted. Subsequent improvements include the construction of the Golden Center Freeway, connecting Grass Valley with Nevada City, in the late 1960s, and a new alignment of SR 20 west from Grass Valley, bypassing Rough and Ready, in the mid-1980s.

title: California State Route 20


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Carl Rosa

Carl August Nicholas Rosa (22 March 1842 – 30 April 1889) was a German-born musical impresario best remembered for founding an English opera company known as the Carl Rosa Opera Company. He started his company in 1869 together with his wife, Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa, and popularised opera in Britain and America, performing standard repertory in English, as well as operas by English composers.

Early life and career
Rosa was born Karl August Nikolaus Rose in Hamburg, Germany, the son of Ludwig Rose, a Hamburg businessman, and Sophie Becker. His father subsequently took him to Edinburgh. A child prodigy, Rosa toured in Scotland from age 12 to age 16, eventually earning glowing notices. Beginning in 1859, he studied at the Conservatorium at Leipzig (where he met and became lifelong friends with Arthur Sullivan) and, in 1862, in Paris.

In 1863, Rosa was appointed Konzertmeister at Hamburg, where he had occasional opportunities to conduct. Three years later he visited England, appearing as a soloist at the Crystal Palace. He had considerable success as a conductor both in England and the United States. He travelled to America in 1866 as a member of a concert troupe promoted by the Baltimore impresario Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman that also included the Scottish operatic soprano Euphrosyne Parepa. During this tour, on 26 February 1867 in New York City, he married Parepa, who became known as Madame Parepa-Rosa.

In 1869, in collaboration with the Chicago impresario C. D. Hess, the couple formed the Parepa Rosa English Opera Company in New York and toured in America for three seasons, with Parepa as the star and Rosa as the conductor. It brought grand opera to places in America that had never seen any, performing Italian operas in English, which made them more accessible to American audiences. In 1872, the Rosas returned to England and also visited Europe and Egypt. Rosa changed the spelling of his name after he moved to England, where people took "Rose" as a monosyllable.

Carl Rosa Opera Company
In 1873 Rosa and his wife started the Carl Rosa Opera Company (the change in name reflecting her pregnancy) with a performance of William Vincent Wallace's Maritana in Manchester on 1 September, and then toured England and Ireland. Rosa's policy was to present operas in English, and that remained the company's practice. That year, Rosa invited the dramatist W. S. Gilbert to write a libretto for Rosa to present as part of a planned 1874 season at the Drury Lane Theatre. Gilbert expanded one of the comic Bab Ballads that he had written for Fun magazine into a one-act libretto titled Trial by Jury. Parepa died in January 1874; Rosa dropped the project and cancelled his planned 1874 season. Rosa later endowed a Parepa-Rosa scholarship at the Royal Academy of Music in London. He married a second time in 1881. With his second wife, Josephine (d. 1927), he had four children.

The company's first London season opened at the Princess's Theatre in September 1875, playing The Marriage of Figaro, with Charles Santley as Figaro and Rose Hersee as Susanna. In 1876, Rosa staged a second London season, which featured the first performance in English of The Flying Dutchman with Santley in the title role. For the next fifteen years, under Rosa's guidance, the company prospered and earned good notices, with provincial tours and London seasons, frequently in conjunction with Augustus Harris at the Drury Lane Theatre. Such was the success of the company that at one point three Carl Rosa touring troupes were set up. Rosa hired Alberto Randegger as the musical director of the company from 1879 to 1885. In 1880, George Grove wrote: "The careful way in which the pieces are put on the stage, the number of rehearsals, the eminence of the performers and the excellence of the performers have begun to bear their legitimate fruit, and the Carl Rosa Opera Company bids fair to become a permanent English institution." In 1892, Rosa's Grand Opera Company gave a command performance of La fille du régiment at Balmoral Castle. Rosa introduced many works of important opera repertoire to England for the first time, performing some 150 different operas over the years. Besides Santley and Hersee, Minnie Hauk, Joseph Maas, Barton McGuckin and Giulia Warwick were some of the famous singers associated with the company during its early years. Rosa also encouraged and supported new works by English composers. Frederic Hymen Cowen's Pauline (1876), Arthur Goring Thomas's Esmeralda (1883), Alexander Mackenzie's Colomba (1883) and The Troubabour, and Charles Villiers Stanford's The Canterbury Pilgrims (1884) were commissioned by the company. Earlier English operas by Wallace, Balfe and Julius Benedict were also included in the company's repertoire. An obituarist noted, "He had long looked forward to the time when Sir Arthur Sullivan would have undertaken a grand opera, and to the last had hoped to have been able to produce such a work." Shortly before his death, Rosa launched a light opera company that debuted with Robert Planquette's Paul Jones.

Rosa's legacy
Rosa died suddenly in Paris, on 30 April 1889, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery, London. Rosa's place in English music was indicated by the number of leading musicians who attended his funeral, including Sullivan, Stanford, Mackenzie and George Grove, together with Richard D'Oyly Carte, George Edwardes and Augustus Harris.

By the time he died, Rosa had demonstrated that English opera could be an artistic and financial success. In a memorial lecture, the critic Herman Klein said of him, "From an artistic point of view he achieved triumph after triumph; he lifted English opera out of the slough of despond in which it was found in 1875." Both during his life and after his death, his company had much to do with popularizing opera in England, encouraging native composers and training many singers who went on to international careers. His company survived his death and continued to perform opera in English until 1960. A new opera company, using the name, was revived in 1997 under the artistic direction of Peter Mulloy. This company performs Gilbert and Sullivan and other light operas, as well as grand opera.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carl Rosa


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Space Emperor God Sigma

Space Emperor God Sigma (宇宙大帝ゴッドシグマ) is a mecha anime television series aired from 1980 to 1981. It ran for 50 episodes. It is also referred to as "God Sigma, Empire of Space" and "Space Combination God Sigma".

Concept
Space Emperor God Sigma was created by Toei's Television Division, under the name "Saburo Yatsude" and produced by Academy Production (who subcontracted Greenbox). The series was produced by Toei Company, and not by its own animation studio Toei Animation; Yoshinobu Nishizaki's Academy Productions provided production assistance. Toei Agency handled the advertising for the show, and its main sponsor was Popy (now Bandai's Boy's Toys Division).

This anime was the last that Takashi Ijima would work on; he had been part of Toei's TV division's projects since Chōdenji Robo Combattler V, which aired in 1976. Joined by Katsuhiko Taguchi, the chief director, the two created an anime that lasted for four full seasons, which was rare at the time of its broadcast. This show is a similar situation to the Robot Romance Trilogy, where Toei produced each show, but the animation was done by Nippon Sunrise.

Story
The story is set in the year 2050 AD, and mankind has been steadily advancing its space technology. However, the planet is suddenly set upon by a mysterious enemy: the forces of Eldar, who came from 250 years in the future. In their time, 2300 AD, their planet Eldar was invaded by Earth, and soundly defeated by Earth's Trinity Energy, a mysterious energy used in their weaponry that possesses power many times that of a hydrogen bomb. The Eldar people's objective is to steal this Trinity Energy before it can be used against them.

The Eldar forces begin by taking over Jupiter's moon Io, one of the places humanity has immigrated to by then. After that, they begin to attack Trinity City with their legions of Cosmosauruses in order to steal the Trinity Energy. Toshiya and his friends use God Sigma to protect the planet and the Trinity Energy, and the battle evolves into a long war to retake Io.

Toshiya Dan
, Tomokazu Seki (in Super Robot Wars Z)

The protagonist of the show. He is an 18-year-old second-generation pioneer living on Jupiter's moon, Io. He is the main pilot of God Sigma.

Julie Noguchi
Assistant to Dr. Kazami, the head scientist and researcher at Trinity City, she is one of the three pilots of God Sigma.

Kira Kensaku
One of Toshiya's good friends, and also a native of Io.

Supreme Commander Teral
, Hiromi Tsuru (in Super Robot Wars Z)

The supreme commander of the Eldar forces sent to Earth to steal the Trinity Energy.

Commander Leats
The commander of the Cosmosauruses, under Teral's command.

Jeela
A commander under Teral's command.

God Sigma
The completed giant robot formed when the Kuuraioh, Kaimeioh, and Rikushin'oh combine with the Big-Wing.

With the command "Sigma Formation", the three robots form a triangle, and when they shout "Trinity Charge", the Big-Wing flies to them and combines. Two separate combination scenes exist in the anime - one during the beginning, and one from the middle onwards.

Its total height was originally stated to be 265 meters tall, but since this would cause difficulties for the actual animation, it was changed to 66 meters. It weighs 1200 tons, and its power source is Trinity Energy. It possesses the ability to cruise from Earth to Jupiter and back. It can be controlled by the main pilot, Toshiya, but without the other two component robots' generators to supplement his own, it's not as powerful.

In the final episode, it and the giant mecha Gargos destroy each other, but it is repaired after the war and revamped to be a single-pilot machine, and Toshiya sets off with it by himself.

Staff

 * Original work: Saburo Yatsude
 * Producer: Takashi Ijima, Heita Ezu (Tokyo Channel 12), Itaru Orita (Toei TV division)
 * Music: Hiroshi Tsutsui
 * Music performance: Tokyo Indoors Music Society
 * Chief director: Takeyuki Kanda (episodes 1–10), Katsuhiko Taguchi (episodes 11–50)
 * Character design: Kazuhiko Utaka
 * Character concepts: Kaoru Shintani
 * Design assistance: Yutaka Izubuchi
 * Mechanical design: Katsushi Murakami, Submarine
 * Artistic director: Kazuo Okada, Tadanoumi Shimokawa
 * Music director: Jouhei Kawamura
 * Animation production: Greenbox, Anime City, Sunluck
 * Production assistance: Academy Production, Tokyo Dôga
 * Production: Toei Company, Ltd., Toei Agency (advertising)

Theme songs
Opening theme: "Ganbare! Uchuu no Senshi" (Do Your Best, Space Warrior!)
 * Vocals: Isao Sasaki, Koroogi '73, Columbia Yurikago-kai
 * Lyrics: Saburo Yatsude
 * Composition: Asei Kobayashi
 * Arrangement: Masahisa Takeichi

Ending theme: "Red Blue Yellow"
 * Vocals: Kumiko Kaori, Koroogi '73, Columbia Yurikago-kai
 * Lyrics: Saburo Yatsude
 * Composition: Asei Kobayashi
 * Arrangement: Masahisa Takeichi

The ending theme, "Red Blue Yellow", consists of the planets in the Solar System in order. At the time of the show's broadcast, Pluto was actually inside the orbit of Neptune. This was not reflected in the animation, the reason being that the show itself is set in the year 2050. Also, the rings of Jupiter had just been discovered the year before, so in the ending animation, Jupiter is depicted with rings. However, in contrast to the actual rings of Jupiter, which are too thin to see a shadow cast on the planet, the picture of Jupiter in the ending sequence does have the shadow of rings on it.

Media
The series was telecast in Italy, simply titled God Sigma.

God Sigma toys were released under the premier Godaikin toy label in Japan and Hong Kong in the 1980s.

In March 2011, Pony Canyon released a complete DVD box set, which only had a limited production run. This is the first and only digital version of the show.

Appearances in other works
Space Emperor God Sigma appears in various games by Banpresto (currently Bandai Namco Games). Its first appearance was in a 1992 Famicom game called Shuffle Fight. Its second was in the 2008 PS2 game Super Robot Wars Z, but by this time, Toshiya's voice actor Tomiyama Kei had died, so the role was given to Tomokazu Seki instead. In the same game, a robot from Gravion called God Σ Gravion appears, triggering a conversation between the characters of each series. God Sigma also appears in the game's two-part sequel, 2nd Super Robot Wars Z: Hakai-hen and Saisei-hen.

title: Space Emperor God Sigma


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Talk:Spycatcher

Malcolm Turnbull
I have deleted the link to his article in the 'See Also' section because he is only marginally relevant. I'm not sure why somebody put a link to his page there in the first place. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.8.74.178 (talk) 19:53, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

First comment
I have read Peter Wright and most of the other authors looking at the same subject matter. Peter Wright was the insider and together with Arthur Martin represented a true patriotic regard for the UK that I fail to find in these days of political correctness.

What a terrible thing to have only the BNP waving our flag, love of Country is for the silent majority and I wish they would exhibit it with pride. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.117.188.81 (talk • contribs) 12:32, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Economical With The Truth
Could someone add a bit about the trial in Australia in which a senior British civil servant famously had to admit that he had been "economical with the truth". This phrase is now notorious because of Spycatcher and I'd be keen to know the background. DaveDave 22:33, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Do you mean Alan Clark? His admission during the Matrix Churchill trial that he had been "economical with the actualité" in answer to parliamentary questions over export licences to Iraq, caused the collapse of the trial and the establishment of the Scott Inquiry, which helped undermine John Major's government —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.152.3.106 (talk) 07:50, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It was Sir Robert Armstrong. Mr Larrington (talk) 11:28, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Spycatcher: fact or fiction?
Didn't Peter Wright admit a few years after publication that much of the book was untrue, and that he made up certain "facts" to pad out the work and try to support the "true" (according to him) claims he did make? 81.105.27.137 09:41, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not aware of any admissions, and some googling on the topic doesn't turn up anything except some pallid denials by the British government. Do you have a cite? Justin Johnson 23:57, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
 * In a Panorama interview of 13 October 1988, Wright said his claims in Spycatcher are "unreliable" and that only one person was 'serious' with him in getting rid of Harold Wilson.--Johnbull 00:25, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Added wrong word? Please check.
In the 6th paragraph I found the following incomplete sentence: "The government appealed but in June 1988." From the context I'm pretty convinced the missing word is "lost" as in "The government appealed but lost in June 1988." However, I don't actually know this is correct --Fitzhugh 08:27, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

 * This has since been cited. They did lose.  P1h3r1e3d13 00:41, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Australia
I'm not sure how the British Government ever thought they could stop the publication of a book in an independent country. Or did they think that Australia was still a colony? And why on earth did they send THE most senior civil servant, Sir Robert Armstrong, to attempt to persuade the Australians to ban the book. Was he some sort of fall guy?? Millbanks 17:07, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, Australia is still officially under the rule of the United Kingdom. It's a Constitutional Monarchy, with the "monarch" being Queen Elizabeth II. Officially, she's the Australian Head of State. Her representative (the one who actually resides in Australia) is the Governor General. He is essentially just a figurehead, but he does have the power to dissolve both Houses of Australian Parliament and sack the Prime Minister (which has only happened once, and it was nothing to do with British influence). Officially, Australia is still under the rule of the British Crown and there COULD have been a case for Thatcher's goons to try and censor publication in Australia.Lontano 11:14, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Australia is fully independent of the United Kingdom and although they are in personal union under The Queen with the same woman filling both roles, constitutionally the Monarchy of Australia isn't the same as Monarchy of the United Kingdom or any of the other 14 Commonwealth realms. The Queen's reserve powers with respect to any realm can only be used according to the constitutional arrangements of that realm. I know people in republics seem to have trouble understanding this concept, but you're fairly close if think of it as being a bit like the American concept of "One Nation Under God" where the deity is only the titular ruler of the USA & has little influence and no control over the day-to-day administration of the country. Kiore (talk) 22:39, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The British Government thought they could persuade an Australian court to refuse to allow publication. Its nothing at all to do with the constitutional position of Australia. Just people thinking they can launch a law suit and win. I think the British position was that Wright had obligations under the Official Secrets Act, and simply moving out of the UK did not release them from these obligations. The New South Wales court rejected HMG's case because the secrets were already out, as the bo0ok had already been published in the US. 59.100.85.169 (talk) 15:26, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Smuggled in?
Not sure that the book needed to be smuggled into the U.K., as the book was public domain in the United States. It was quite legal therefore to order a copy from the U.S. and have it mailed to your door. All you needed was a credit card. HM Customs couldn't intervene. Book Soup provided me with my copy, and Special Branch have yet to pay me a visit :) . I suggest that it was probably this ridiculous state of affairs that made Thatcher finally climb down about the ban. Willing to stand corrected though... Best wishes Geehigh (talk) 00:29, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Several mail order bookshops in Ireland took out ads in English newspapers for something called "flycatcher" while radio stations in Denmark and Sweden (which could be recieved at night in Britain) broadcast excerpts (in English) from the book. While visitors to Speakers corner in Hyde park (on Sundays) could hear the book read out. So one didnt need to go as far afield as the US to get hold of it. In any case back in the days before the masses had that internet thing the main way of paying for mail order books was by bank drafts or money orders rather than credit cards. 213.40.111.40 (talk) 17:45, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

₤2,000,0000?
The sentence that was "The British Government’s legal cost is estimated at £2,000,0000. " didn't agree with the source cited, aside from being clearly miswritten. said ₤250,000, so I have changed the article to reflect that. However, the source is from 1987 and says "...has so far cost at least £250,000," so that figure may no longer be correct. Does anybody have more current information? P1h3r1e3d13 00:41, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Radio detection
The claim that the detection of superheterodyne (the most common modern type) of receiver could be detected is not new. This is not novel. It was used in britain by "radio police" to find unlicensed radios (those who haven't paid their taxes). It has been known in the radio community for some time. In fact, I learned about it in 1977 from CB radio sources. Bobkeyes (talk) 05:04, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spycatcher


text:
User:RHenningsgard

RHenningsgard:

An software/hardware developer living in Minnesota, USA.

First Wikipedia contribution was the creation of a page about the Mulato pepper, a Mexican chili pepper.

The author of NC-CAM, computer-aided manufacturing software package for printed circuit board manufacturing first released in the early 1990's. NC-CAM was used for editing the drilling and routing programs used in manufacturing printed circuit boards. Creator of SmartParts, an automated optimization and process-control system for drilling and milling (a.k.a. "routing") of printed circuit boards.

RHenningsgard is currently Principal Engineer and Director - Telematics Products at Cirus Controls, LLC, a manufacturer of electrohydraulic control systems and data collection/analysis systems for the snow and ice control industry.

(Also aliased in some Wikipedia entries as "RCHenningsgard").

title: User:RHenningsgard


text: Category:Guyana geography stubs

title: Category:Guyana geography stubs


text:
Barber Pro Series

The Barber Dodge Pro Series was a professional open-wheel auto racing series from 1986 to 2003. It was one of the first professional spec series for open-wheel racecars in North America. The races were primarily on road and street courses in North America, although the schedule did sometimes include a few ovals.

This series is often confused with Skip Barber's long-standing amateur racing series which has always used different and significantly less powerful cars. The amateur series currently has regional and national components.

The Barber Pro Series was a spec series, in which all cars were identically prepared by Skip Barber Racing. From its beginning in 1986 to 1994, the series was known as the Barber Saab Pro Series; the spec car was a tube-frame Mondiale chassis (basically a Formula Ford 2000 design) powered by a turbocharged 16-valve Saab 16v engine. For the seasons 1986 and 1987, the cars used street-legal racing tires, but for the 1988 season they used Goodyear Racing Eagle slicks instead.

History
The idea was discussed as early as 1979 as a way to get Saab involved in serious motorsports in the United States. Len Lonnegren, PR boss at Saab Cars USA, had heard that Skip Barber was planning to launch an open-wheel "spec car" professional race series, and that it was to run on the same IMSA programs as the GTPs and Camel Lights. Originally Barber had planned on using small displacement naturally aspirated 1,600 cc Dodge engines, but was talked into using turbocharged Saab engines instead. Saab provided engines and spare parts, as well as the assistance of an engineer nicknamed "Turbo Anders" who flew over from Sweden rather frequently once things got rolling. The engines were basically stock 1,985 cc 16-valve twin-cam turbo engines with an output of 225 hp. The engines differed from street versions in that the boost was increased, emission control systems were removed, fuel-injection settings revised and a racing exhaust fitted, together with dry-sump lubrication. Mondiale, based in Northern Ireland was contracted to supply the series with chassis. The first race was run at Meadowlands and was won by Brian Till. By 1991 the marketing strategy at Saab changed and Saab USA did little more than provide the engines.

In 1995, the Saab engine was replaced with a production car 240 hp 3.2 L 24-valve Dodge aluminum sixty degree V6 engine and the series name was changed to the "Barber Dodge Pro Series". The series continued to use the original tube frame Mondiale chassis. In later years, the engines produced 265 hp. SCCA Pro Racing took over the organization from IMSA. The first Dodge powered race was won by Geoff Boss. In 1997 it was announced that Reynard would design and build a new car for the Barber Dodge Pro Series. The Mondiale chassis was retired after twelve years of racing in 1998. The organization was taken over by Professional Sports Car Racing. PSCR was formed by Andy Evans and Roberto Muller after they bought IMSA. For 2002, after CART took over the series, the Skip Barber Challenge was launched. This series comprised three race-weekends. The series was run by the Skip Barber Racing School but used the same cars as the pro series. Both seasons were won by Matt Franc. After the CART organization filed for bankruptcy in early 2004 the Barber Dodge Pro Series was initially put on hiatus. The assets were transferred to Open Wheel Racing Series, LLC who decided not to run a 2004 Barber Dodge Pro Series. As a result, the Skip Barber Racing school decided to focus on the Skip Barber National Championship.

Mondiale
Mondiale Car Company was contracted to build cars for the Skip Barber Racing School and the Barber Saab Pro Series. The Pro series car was based on the Formula Ford 2000 chassis Mondiale had experience with. The chassis was a spaceframe design. The powerplant came from the Saab 900 and Saab 9000 production car.

Reynard
Reynard launched the Reynard 98E for the 1998 Barber Dodge Pro Series. This car featured a carbon fiber monocoque. The engine came from the second generation Dodge Intrepid. The suspension, brakes and radiators were made by Chrysler. The bodywork was designed using computer-aided drafting (CAD). The car was designed by Andrew Thorby and Adrian Reynard. The car was initially tested at Mallory Park and Snetterton by Rob Wilson. In the USA testing was conducted by Robbie Buhl.

Series champions
Other notable drivers who have raced in the series include Juan Pablo Montoya, Alex Gurney, Jon Fogarty, Ryan Hunter-Reay, Danica Patrick, Jeremy Dale, Townsend Bell, Michael Valiante, David Martínez, Memo Rojas, Rocky Moran, Jr., Al Unser III, Andy Swett, Jerry Nadeau, and Ernesto Viso.

title: Barber Pro Series


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Carl Rosa Opera Company

The Carl Rosa Opera Company was founded in 1873 by Carl Rosa, a German-born musical impresario, and his wife, British operatic soprano Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa to present opera in English in London and the British provinces. The company premiered many operas in the UK, employing a mix of established opera stars and young singers, reaching new opera audiences with popularly priced tickets. It survived Rosa's death in 1889, and continued to present opera in English on tour until 1960, when it was obliged to close for lack of funds. The company was revived in 1997, presenting mostly lighter operatic works including those by Gilbert and Sullivan. The company "was arguably the most influential opera company ever in the UK".

Background
Carl Rosa was born Karl August Nikolaus Rose in Hamburg, Germany, the son of a local businessman. A child violin prodigy, Rosa studied at the Conservatorium at Leipzig and in Paris. In 1863 he was appointed Konzertmeister at Hamburg, where he had occasional opportunities to conduct. He soon had considerable success as a conductor both in England and the United States. During an American tour in 1866–67 as conductor of a concert troupe that included the Scottish operatic soprano Euphrosyne Parepa, Rosa and Parepa were married.

From 1869 to 1872, Rosa and his wife toured their own opera company through America, with Parepa as the star and Rosa as the conductor. It brought opera to places that had never seen any, performing Italian operas in English, which made them more accessible to American audiences.

Early years
In 1872, the Rosas returned to England and also visited Europe and Egypt. In September the next year, they inaugurated the "Carl Rosa Opera" with a performance of William Vincent Wallace's Maritana in Manchester, on 1 September, and then toured England and Ireland. Rosa's policy was to present operas in English, and that remained the company's practice. Parepa fell ill and died in January 1874, and Rosa married a second time in 1881, to Josephine (d. 1927), with whom he had four children. In November 1874, Carl Rosa Opera made its first of many visits to Scotland with a two-week season at Glasgow's Prince of Wales Theatre. The company's first London season opened at the Princess's Theatre in September 1875, playing Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, with Charles Santley as Figaro and Rose Hersee as Susanna. In 1876, Rosa staged a second London season, which featured the first performance in English of Wagner's The Flying Dutchman, with Santley in the title role.

For the next fifteen years, the company prospered and earned good notices, with provincial tours and London seasons, frequently in conjunction with Augustus Harris at the Drury Lane Theatre. Such was the success of the company that at one point three Carl Rosa touring troupes were set up. In October 1892, Rosa's Grand Opera Company received the royal accolade, with a command performance of Donizetti's La fille du régiment at Balmoral Castle. The French-American soprano Zélie de Lussan sang the heroine, Marie, and Aynsley Cook "vastly amused Queen Victoria as Sergeant Sulpice". In 1880, George Grove, editor of the authoritative musical reference work, Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, wrote: "The careful way in which the pieces are put on the stage, the number of rehearsals, the eminence of the performers and the excellence of the performers have begun to bear their legitimate fruit, and the Carl Rosa Opera Company bids fair to become a permanent English institution."

The company introduced many works of important opera repertoire to England for the first time, performing some 150 different operas over the years. Besides Santley and Hersee, Blanche Cole, Minnie Hauk, Alice Esty, Fanny Moody, Alice Barth, Georgina Burns, Joseph Maas, Barton McGuckin, Giulia Warwick and William Ludwig were some of the famous singers associated with the company during its early years. Its successes included productions of Cherubini's Les deux journées (1875); The Flying Dutchman (1876), with Santley in the title role; the first English-language production of Carmen (1879), starring Selina Dolaro in the title role and Durward Lely as Don José; Rienzi (1879); Lohengrin (1880); Tannhäuser (1882); and the first British staging of Puccini's La bohème (1897). Alberto Randegger served as musical director of the company from 1879 to 1885, and Gustave Slapoffski was principal conductor from 1897 to 1900.

The company also encouraged and supported new works by English composers. Pauline in 1876 (Frederic Hymen Cowen), Esmeralda in 1883 (Arthur Goring Thomas), Colomba in 1883, The Canterbury Pilgrims in 1884 (Charles Villiers Stanford), The Troubadour in 1886 (Alexander Mackenzie), and Nordisa in 1887 (Frederick Corder) were six of the operas commissioned by the company. Earlier English operas by Wallace, Michael Balfe and Julius Benedict were also included in the company's repertoire – not just standard works like The Bohemian Girl and Maritana, but less-familiar operas such as Balfe's Satanella (1858) and Wallace's Lurline (1860).

Rosa's death; survival of the company
Carl Rosa died suddenly in Paris, on 30 April 1889, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery, London. Two years before his death, Rosa had turned his opera enterprise into a limited company, and it was in good financial and artistic shape at the time of his death. Hamilton Clarke was appointed conductor of the company in 1893. In 1897, the company gave the first British performance of Puccini's La bohème in Manchester under the supervision of the composer. The company then gave a season at Covent Garden, at reduced prices, aimed at attracting "the masses" to opera.

By 1900 the company was facing financial problems from which it was rescued by the conductor Walter van Noorden and his brother Alfred, who took over and restored financial and artistic standards. The company presented two seasons at Covent Garden in 1907–08 and 1909, including new productions of Tannhäuser and Tristan and Isolde conducted by Eugène Goossens II. The company survived World War I and the sudden death of Walter van Noorden in 1916, touring the British provinces. Many young British singers joined the company, including Olive Gilbert, Parry Jones, and Eva Turner, who sang Cio-Cio-San and Santuzza when the company presented three postwar seasons at Covent Garden.

In 1924, after another financial crisis, H. B. Phillips became the company's owner and director, and placed it once more on a sound financial footing. Regular London seasons alternated with large-scale provincial tours during the 1920s and 1930s. Although some productions had to be curtailed during World War II, the company nevertheless presented seasons in London and the provinces. Singers of the 1930s and 1940s included Dora Labbette, Joan Hammond, Heddle Nash, Norman Allin, Marina de Gabaráin and Otakar Kraus. Conductors included the refugees Walter Susskind (1942–44) Vilém Tauský (1945–49) and Peter Gellhorn, as well as Harold Gray (1943–1946).

End of the old company and birth of the new
Phillips died in 1950. In 1953 the Carl Rosa Trust was formed in association with the Arts Council, who agreed to subsidise the company, now directed by Phillips's widow, Annette. The company gave seasons at Sadler's Wells in 1955 and 1956. In the 1950s, the musical director was Arthur Hammond. Singers during this period included the dramatic soprano Ruth Packer, the tenor Charles Craig and the baritone Joseph Ward. The productions were traditional, but the repertory included some operatic rarities such as Puccini's Manon Lescaut and Berlioz's Benvenuto Cellini.

Annette Phillips retired as director of the company in 1957 and was replaced by Professor Humphrey Procter-Gregg. At the same time, the board of Sadler's Wells Opera made an approach to merge the two opera companies. This approach caused outrage in some operatic quarters, and Sadler's Wells's musical director (Alexander Gibson) and administrative heads (Norman Tucker and Stephen Arlen) resigned in protest. In response to the outcry, the board of the Welsh National Opera also made an attempt to merge with Carl Rosa Opera. In the ensuing furore, Procter-Gregg resigned, as did the chairman of the Carl Rosa Trust, Sir Donald Wolfit, and trustees Astra Desmond and Norman Allin. The Arts Council, which was accused in the House of Lords of "doing their level best to kill [the Carl Rosa company] off altogether", withdrew its grant. The Carl Rosa Trust raised money privately, and promoted a month's season at the Prince's Theatre in 1960, but the company's final curtain descended after Don Giovanni on 17 September 1960. Sadler's Wells took over some of the company's members and many of its touring dates.

The new Carl Rosa Opera Limited was revived in 1997 under the artistic direction of Peter Mulloy. Since then, it has performed West End seasons and toured in the UK and internationally, offering a new repertoire of Gilbert and Sullivan, continental operettas and a few serious operas such as La bohème, often performed in the original languages. Recent conductors have included David Russell Hulme and Martin Handley. Directors include Timothy West.

title: Carl Rosa Opera Company


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Mount Sneffels

Mount Sneffels is the highest summit of the Sneffels Range in the Rocky Mountains of North America. The prominent 4315.4 m fourteener is located in the Mount Sneffels Wilderness of Uncompahgre National Forest, 10.8 km west by south (bearing 256°) of the City of Ouray in Ouray County, Colorado, United States. The summit of Mount Sneffels is the highest point in Ouray County.

Mountain
Mount Sneffels is notable for its great vertical relief, as it rises 7,200 feet above the town of Ridgway, Colorado 6 miles to the northeast.

The primary route to the summit follows a creek bed up from Yankee Boy Basin. A secondary route follows a ridge line to the summit from the saddle of Blue Lakes Pass.

Mount Sneffels was named after the volcano Snæfell, which is located on the tip of the Snæfellsnes peninsula in Iceland. That mountain and its glacier, Snæfellsjökull, which caps the crater like a convex lens, were featured in the Jules Verne novel A Journey to the Center of the Earth. An area on the western flank of Mount Sneffels gives the appearance of volcanic crater. Geologically, the mountain is a Tertiary aged igneous stock (Ti) composed of intermediate rock (monzonite, monzodiorite, granodiorite, and minor monzogranite) intruded into a volcanic stack of older San Juan Volcanics (Tsj).

Seen from the Dallas Divide on State Highway 62, Mount Sneffels is one of the most photographed mountains in Colorado. It is also depicted on Colorado driver licenses and I.D. cards as of 2023.

Historical names

 * Mount Blaine
 * Mount Sneffels – 1906
 * Sneffels Peak

title: Mount Sneffels


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Fast Track (British TV programme)

Fast Track is a 30-minute travel news TV show which was broadcast on BBC World News. Individual segments were also broadcast on BBC News Channel.

Presenters
The programme was presented by Rajan Datar and Fiona Foster. There were also regular segments including Widget of the Week, Events and the Best of the Web.

Other presenters included: Simon Calder, Akhtar Khan, Michelle Jana-Chan and Carmen Roberts. Both Datar and Roberts are amongst the main presenters on the successor programme; with Calder presenting a viewer questions segment.

title: Fast Track (British TV programme)


text:
Borazine

Borazine, also known as borazole, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula B3H6N3. In this cyclic compound, the three BH units and three NH units alternate. The compound is isoelectronic and isostructural with benzene. For this reason borazine is sometimes referred to as “inorganic benzene”. Like benzene, borazine is a colourless liquid with an aromatic odor.

Synthesis
The compound was reported in 1926 by the chemists Alfred Stock and Erich Pohland by a reaction of diborane with ammonia.

Borazine can be synthesized by treating diborane and ammonia in a 1:2 ratio at 250–300 °C with a conversion of 50%.
 * 3 B2H6 + 6 NH3 → 2 B3H6N3 + 12 H2

An alternative more efficient route begins with sodium borohydride and ammonium sulfate:
 * 6 NaBH4 + 3 (NH4)2SO4 → 2 B3N3H6 + 3 Na2SO4 + 18 H2

In a two-step process to borazine, boron trichloride is first converted to trichloroborazine:
 * 3 BCl3 + 3 NH4Cl → Cl3B3H3N3 + 9 HCl

The B-Cl bonds are subsequently converted to B-H bonds:
 * 2 Cl3B3H3N3 + 6 NaBH4 → 2 B3H6N3 + 3 B2H6 + 6 NaCl

Structure
Borazine is isoelectronic with benzene and has similar connectivity, so it is sometimes referred to as "inorganic benzene". This comparison is not rigorously valid due to the electronegativity difference between boron and nitrogen. X-ray crystallographic structural determinations show that the bond lengths within the borazine ring are all equivalent at 1.429 Å, a property shared by benzene. However, the borazine ring does not form a perfect hexagon. The bond angle is 117.1° at the boron atoms and 122.9° at the nitrogens, giving the molecule the D3h symmetry point group.

The electronegativity of boron (2.04 on the Pauling scale) compared to that of nitrogen (3.04) and also the electron deficiency on the boron atom and the lone pair on nitrogen favor alternative mesomer structures for borazine.

Boron behaves as a Lewis acid and nitrogen behaves as a Lewis base.

Aromaticity
Due to its similarities to benzene, there have been a number of computational and experimental analyses of borazine's aromaticity. The number of pi electrons in borazine obeys the 4n + 2 rule, and the B-N bond lengths are equal, which suggests the compound may be aromatic. The electronegativity difference between boron and nitrogen, however, creates an unequal sharing of charge which results in bonds with greater ionic character, and thus it is expected to have poorer delocalization of electrons than the all-carbon analog. Borazine, with a standard enthalpy change of formation ΔfH of −531 kJ/mol, is thermally very stable.

Natural bond orbitals (NBO)
Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis suggests weak aromaticity in borazine. In the NBO model, B-N bonds in the ring are slightly displaced from the nuclear axes, and B and N have large differences in charge. Natural chemical shielding (NCS) analysis provides some further evidence for aromaticity based on a contribution of the B-N π bond to magnetic shielding. Computations based on NBO orbitals show that this π bond allows for weak ring current which somewhat counteracts a magnetic field simulated at the center of the borazine ring. A small ring current does suggest some delocalization.

Electron localization function (ELF)
Topological analysis of bonding in borazine by the electron localization function (ELF) indicates that borazine can be described as a π aromatic compound. However, the bonding in borazine is less delocalized than in benzene based on a difference in bifurcation values of the electron basins. Larger bifurcation values indicate better electron delocalization, and it is argued that when this bifurcation value is greater than 0.70, the delocalization is sufficient to designate a compound aromatic. For benzene, this value is 0.91, but the borazine π system bifurcates at the ELF value 0.682. This is caused by the difference in electronegativity between B and N, which produces a weaker bond interaction than the C-C interaction in benzene, leading to increased localization of electrons on the B-H and N-H units. The bifurcation value is slightly below the limit of 0.70 which suggests moderate aromaticity.

Hydrolysis
Borazine hydrolyzes readily, yielding boric acid, ammonia, and hydrogen.

Polymerization
Heating borazine at 70 °C expels hydrogen with formation of polyborazylene:
 * n B3N3H6 →  1/n[B3N3H4]n

With hydrogen halides and halogens
With hydrogen chloride it forms an adduct.

 * B3N3H6 + 3 HCl → B3N3H9Cl3
 * Addition reaction of borazine with hydrogen chloride

 * B3N3H9Cl3 + NaBH4 → (BH4N)3
 * Reduction with sodium borohydride

The addition reaction with bromine does not require a catalyst. Borazines undergo nucleophilic attack at boron and electrophilic attack at nitrogen.

Ceramic precursor
Boron nitride can be prepared by heating polyborazylene to 1000 °C.

Borazines are also starting materials for other potential ceramics such as boron carbonitrides. Borazine can also be used as a precursor to grow hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thin films and single layers on catalytic surfaces such as copper, platinum, nickel iron and many more, with chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

Polyborazylene has been proposed as a recycled hydrogen storage medium for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle applications, using a "single pot" process for digestion and reduction to recreate ammonia borane.

Among other B-N type compounds mixed amino-nitro substituted borazines have been predicted to outperform carbon based explosives such as CL-20.

Related compounds
is a six-membered aromatic ring with two carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms, and two boron atoms in opposing pairs.

1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborine is a six-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom, and one boron atom.

title: Borazine


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David Miller (editor)

David Miller is a British writer and journalist based in Wimbledon, London.

Journalism
David Miller has contributed to many publications including the magazines Film Review, TV Zone and Starburst (where his work includes interviews with Sir Ian McKellen, Tom Baker and Ray Harryhausen).

Until 2007 he was editor of the UK-based horror genre magazine Shivers. He then became editor for the last few issues of The Poirot Collection, a partwork which presented the Agatha Christie's Poirot television episodes. He is editor of The Agatha Christie Collection partwork for Chorion, which brings together and presents the newer episodes of Poirot and Marple; the 1983 series Partners in Crime, and Agatha Christie film adaptations such as the Margaret Rutherford Miss Marple films and the all-star adaptations of The Mirror Crack'd, and Murder On The Orient Express.

Books
Miller co-wrote the book They Came From Outer Space! with Mark Gatiss (of The League of Gentlemen), and is author of The Complete Peter Cushing; an overview of the life and works of the actor Peter Cushing. This was originally published as The Peter Cushing Companion in 2000, and re-released as Peter Cushing: A Life in Film (Titan Books, 2013).

title: David Miller (editor)


text:
Peggy Parish

Margaret Cecile "Peggy" Parish (July 14, 1927 – November 19, 1988) was an American writer known best for the children's book series and fictional character Amelia Bedelia. Parish was born in Manning, South Carolina, attended the University of South Carolina, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. She worked as a teacher in Oklahoma, Kentucky, and in New York. She taught at the Dalton School in Manhattan for 15 years and published her first children's book while teaching third grade there. She authored over 30 books, which had sold 7 million copies at the time of her death.

Parish's most well-known character, Amelia Bedelia, is extremely literal minded and interprets idioms and other verbal expressions literally, which amusingly causes great havoc in each story. This idea originated in conversations between Parish and Greenwillow Books founder Susan Hirschman about the author's observations of her third grade students. Amelia works as a household cook and occasional servant, jobs that Parish did in her home when she was young. She uses no recipes, but, by intuitively combining a little bit of this and a little bit of that, her cakes and cookies and meals are always delicious. She is such a good cook that her employers cannot fire her, despite the disastrous way she misinterprets their instructions: prune the shrubs, scale and ice the fish, file the letters, run over the tablecloth with an iron, shorten these dresses, serve coffee with porridge, heat a can of soup, and so on. The author's word-play, and Amelia Bedelia's fundamental goodness and childlike simplicity appeal to youngsters who are beginning to see and enjoy more than one meaning in a word or a phrase.

Parish's nephew, Herman, honored Peggy's life in his book, Good Driving, Amelia Bedelia, by writing in its dedication: "For Peggy Parish, the real Amelia." Recalling Parish's method while working on Too Many Rabbits, Herman described how she wrote out her ideas on index cards, "and she’d deal out those cards like she was playing solitaire, and then pick them up, retype them, and rewrite everything many times. That was how she worked, and it gave me a lot of respect for her method."

Selected works

 * Littlest Raccoon (1961), illustrated by Claude Humbert
 * Let's Be Indians (1962), illus. Arnold Lobel
 * My Little Golden Book of Manners (1962), illus. Richard Scarry
 * Good Hunting Little Indian (1963), illus. Leonard Weisgard
 * Re-released and revised in 1991 as Good Hunting, Blue Sky with illustrations by James Watts
 * Willy Is My Brother (1963), illus. Shirley Hughes
 * The Golden Calendar: 1966 (1966), illus. Tibor Gergely
 * Let's Be Early Settlers with Daniel Boone (1967), illus. Arnold Lobel
 * Ootah's Lucky Day (1970), illus. Mamoru Funai
 * Dinosaur Time (1974), illus. Arnold Lobel
 * No More Monsters For Me! (1981), illus. Marc Simont
 * Scruffy (1988), illus. Kelly Oechsli

Amelia Bedelia
Illustrated by Wallace Tripp, Fritz Siebel, Lynne Avril, Barbara Siebel Thomas or Lynn Sweat:
 * Amelia Bedelia (1963) (Big Bright and Early Board Books)
 * Thank You, Amelia Bedelia (1964)
 * Amelia Bedelia and the Surprise Shower (1966)
 * Come Back, Amelia Bedelia (1971)
 * Play Ball, Amelia Bedelia (1972)
 * Good Work, Amelia Bedelia (1976)
 * Teach Us, Amelia Bedelia (1977)
 * Amelia Bedelia Helps Out (1979)
 * Amelia Bedelia and the Baby (1981)
 * Amelia Bedelia Goes Camping (1985)
 * Merry Christmas, Amelia Bedelia (1986)
 * Amelia Bedelia's Family Album (1988)

Liza, Bill & Jed mysteries

 * Key to the Treasure (1966)
 * Clues in the Woods (1968)
 * The Haunted House (1971)
 * Pirate Island Adventure (1975)
 * The Mystery of Hermit Dan (1977)
 * The Ghosts of Cougar Island (1986)

title: Peggy Parish


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Carol Decker

Carol Ann Decker (born 10 September 1957) is an English singer. She is the lead vocalist of the pop band T'Pau, which had international success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although Decker is mainly associated with the group, she also released "One Heart", a solo single, in 1995, and sometimes performs solo at shows and festivals.

Decker's personal record label is GnatFish.

Life and career
Decker was born in Liverpool, Lancashire (now Merseyside) and attended Wellington Girls' High School, Wellington, Shropshire.

In addition to her musical achievements, Decker has also acted on both stage and screen, including the role of Steven Berkoff's wife in the 2002 film 9 Dead Gay Guys. Her television appearances include Hit Me, Baby, One More Time (in which she reached the final round, ultimately being beaten by Shakin' Stevens). Decker also appeared in the British comedy series Trigger Happy TV, in which she appeared in a "bull in a china shop" sketch (the joke being that she had previously had a hit with the song "China in Your Hand"), and in another sketch where she accompanied Dom Joly as he pretended to be a door-to-door salesman.

In 2003 she appeared in the play Mum's The Word (written by Linda A Carson, Jill Daum, Alison Kelly, Robin Nichol, Barbara Pollard and Deborah Williams) at the Albery Theatre in London.

Decker took part in the prime time BBC One show Just the Two of Us, which began on 2 January 2007. However, despite singing duets with Beverley Knight, Tony Christie and Natasha Hamilton, she and her singing partner Gregg Wallace were the first to be eliminated from the show after singing The Jacksons' "Blame It on the Boogie".

Decker appeared in the video for Peter Kay and Matt Lucas's charity single "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)" for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day 2007. She released the single "Just Dream" in download-only format in September 2007.

In 2018, she made a guest appearance in an episode of the British comedy TV series Benidorm, as herself.

In 2022, Decker released an autobiography titled Heart And Soul.

Personal life
T'Pau member Ronnie Rogers was her boyfriend at the time, and they co-wrote the majority of the band's songs.

Decker began a relationship with restaurateur Richard Coates in 1996. They have two children, and were married in 2006. That same year, Decker became a joint tenant of the Cherry Tree Inn at Stoke Row near Henley, which Coates had established. Although it closed in 2012, it has since reopened under new ownership. The couple live in Henley-on-Thames.

title: Carol Decker


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Anzhela Atroshchenko

Anzhela Atroshchenko-Kinet (born Анжэла Атрошчанка, Анжела Атрощенко on November 14, 1970) is a former Turkish athlete of Belarusian descent. She competed in the pentathlon and heptathlon category.

Biography
Atroshchenko started her career in athletics with pentathlon at the age of 14 years. She represented the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain and finished 12th.

In 1999, Atroshchenko signed a contract with the Istanbul club of Enka SK and became a Turkish citizen. Then she transferred to her current Club Fenerbahçe Athletics. Since then, Atroshchenko has represented Turkey at various competitions.

In 2001, Atroshchenko finished 4th at the European Championships in Athletics.

Atroshchenko competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece in the women's heptathlon category, but withdrew after four events because of injury.

In 2005, Atroshchenko took part in the 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería, Spain, Europe, where she won the bronze medal in heptathlon with 5,870 points.

Atroshchenko regularly commutes between her home in Turkey and Russia, where she trains. She speaks Belarusian, Russian, and Turkish.

title: Anzhela Atroshchenko


text:
Sinner (band)

Sinner is a German heavy metal band formed by vocalist and bassist Mat Sinner in 1982 (who later joined Primal Fear). They were part of the German heavy/speed/power metal scene. Their latest album, Brotherhood, was released on 15 July 2022.

History
Based in Stuttgart, Sinner released their first album, Wild'n'Evil in 1982. This album, along with the next two (Fast Decision and Danger Zone) were raw affairs, having little in common with the melodic metal they would later become known for. After many personnel changes (including drummer Edgar Patrik leaving to join Bonfire), the band saw the addition of Accept's Herman Frank on guitars and the release of Touch of Sin in 1985. Frank would leave before the next album, 1986's Comin' Out Fighting, with future U.D.O. guitarist Mathias Dieth replacing him.

1987 saw the release of Dangerous Charm, a much more melodic album than previous efforts, but shortly after this the band lost their recording contract, took a break and would not be heard of again for five years.

In 1990, Mat Sinner released a solo album called Back to the Bullet on BMG with a completely new band. Three members of the Mat Sinner band reformed Sinner and released No More Alibis in 1992, an album far heavier than anything Sinner had released before. This renewed vigour coupled with songwriting that far exceeded the band's previous releases not only carried on but strengthened with Respect in 1994 and Bottom Line in 1995, the latter staying in the Japanese national charts for five weeks. Since the reformation the band's reputation had improved immensely, touring as support for bands such as Mr. Big and Savatage as well as headlining their own German tour and releasing a live album. Sinner were to reach even higher peaks though, releasing two hugely successful albums with Judgement Day in 1997 and The Nature of Evil in 1998 before touring Europe as support for rock giants Deep Purple. The Nature of Evil was the band's most successful album to date, reaching No. 63 in the German album charts.

In 1998, Mat Sinner and Tom Naumann, who had been with Sinner since their reformation in 1992 formed Primal Fear with ex-Gamma Ray vocalist Ralf Scheepers. Mat Sinner has been involved as a driving force in both Sinner and Primal Fear to this day. In 2000, the band saw its first line-up change in five years as several members left, including guitarist Tom Naumann while ex-Helloween and Gamma Ray's Uli Kusch filled in on drums for The End of Sanctuary. However, in 2003 the previous 1995–1999 line-up renewed itself and on 20 January 2003 released There Will Be Execution before going quiet again for four years. In the past nine years the band had released six albums, proving to be the band's most successful period. This success would continue, as after releasing two more albums with Primal Fear, an album with his pre-Sinner band Goddess Shiva and guesting on Tribuzy's debut album, Mat Sinner brought Sinner back to release Mask of Sanity in 2007. This album spawned two popular singles in "Diary of Evil" and "Black" and included a faithful rendition of Thin Lizzy's "Baby Please Don't Go".

Album sales
Sinner album sales have never been spectacular: it is estimated they sold less than 150,000 copies of their first three releases. The band's six and seven track albums of the 1990s, Respect and Bottom Line, sold less than 200,000 combined and without any real advertising except that of word of mouth. Sinner's fourth full-length album, Judgement Day, received fair reviews but again had little advertising put into it as the band spent most of its money on recording. Sinner's Nature of Evil released in 1998 proved to be the band's most successful original album with over 100,000 copies sold. Nature of Evil was advertised heavily on the internet mostly on German Music web sites.

In 1998 and 1999, Sinner released two compilation albums, the first was Emerald Collection containing many tracks from Danger Zone and Comin' Out Fighting. The second compilation album, which contained three songs from Bottom Line, three songs from Nature of Evil, four songs from Judgement Day, two from live recording and three new released songs, was called The Second Decade. The Second Decade became Sinner's best selling album, most of which were bought on eBay. The Second Decade by Sinner until 2005 was the only album available for sale on eBay and proved to be an international success. The Second Decade brought new fans to Europe primarily from Latin America, Japan, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Poland and Greece.

The End of Sanctuary and There Will Be Execution are currently Sinner's only 21st century albums that entered the German album charts. After the German Top 50 album "Tequila Suicide" Sinner toured Europe, Japan and Australia. The latest Sinner album "Santa Muerte" was released via AFM Records on 13 September 2019 including the first single/video "Fiesta Y Copas" featuring Ronnie Romero of Rainbow. Sinner has released seventeen albums and sold over a million records worldwide.

Current members

 * Mat Sinner
 * Alex Scholpp
 * Tom Naumann
 * Markus Kullmann

Former members

 * Henny Wolter
 * Klaus Sperling
 * Frank Mittelbach
 * Calo Rapallo
 * Edgar Patrik
 * Helmut Stoner
 * Mick Shirley
 * Ralf Schulz
 * Herman Frank
 * Bernie van der Graaf
 * Mathias Dieth
 * Angel Schleifer
 * Andy Susemihl
 * Armin Mücke
 * Tommy Resch
 * Uli Kusch
 * Frank Roessler
 * Fritz Randow
 * Christof Leim
 * Alex Beyrodt
 * André Hilgers

Studio albums

 * Wild 'n' Evil (1982)
 * Fast Decision (1983)
 * Danger Zone (1984)
 * Touch of Sin (1985)
 * Comin' Out Fighting (1986)
 * Dangerous Charm (1987)
 * No More Alibis (1992)
 * Respect (1993)
 * Bottom Line (1995)
 * Judgement Day (1997)
 * The Nature of Evil (1998)
 * The End of Sanctuary (2000)
 * There Will Be Execution (2003)
 * Mask of Sanity (2007)
 * Crash & Burn (2008)
 * One Bullet Left (2011)
 * Touch of Sin 2 (2013)
 * Tequila Suicide (2017)
 * Santa Muerte (2019)
 * Brotherhood (2022)

Live albums

 * In the Line of Fire (Live in Europe) (1996)

Compilation albums

 * The Best of Sinner - Noise Years (1995)
 * Germany Rocks - The Best of Sinner (1995)
 * Treasure - The Works 93-98 (1998)
 * The Second Decade - Best of (Includes three new tracks) (1999)
 * Emerald - Very Best of Sinner (1999)
 * Jump the Gun - Collection (2009)
 * No Place in Heaven the Very Best of the Noise Years 1984-1987 (2016)

Tribute albums

 * A Tribute to Accept (covers "Balls to the Wall") (2000)
 * The Spirit of the Black Rose - A Tribute to Phil Lynott (covers "The Sun Goes Down") (2001)
 * Emerald - A Tribute to the Wild One (covers "The Sun Goes Down") (2002)
 * A Tribute to the Four Horsemen (covers "Wherever I May Roam") (2002)

Mat Sinner solo

 * Back to the Bullet (Mat Sinner) (1990)

title: Sinner (band)


text:
De la Gardie family

The De la Gardie family (also de la Gardie) is the name of a distinguished Swedish noble family of French origin, whose members held significant political and military positions throughout the history of the Kingdom of Sweden.

History
The family's social status in France is uncertain; the founder, Ponce d'Escouperie, son of a tradesman, came to Sweden as a mercenary in 1565 and took the name Pontus De la Gardie when registered by the House of Knights. He was given the title friherre in 1571 and married Sofia Johansdotter Gyllenhielm, an illegitimate daughter of king John III in 1580.

The baronial title ended with his eldest son John De la Gardie. Pontus De la Gardie's second son, Jacob De la Gardie, was given the title count of Läckö in 1615; his grandson Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie became a favourite of Queen Christina and married her cousin, Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken (a sister of Charles X Gustav of Sweden).

The De la Gardie of Läckö comital lineage is extinct. The current head of the family, Carl Gustaf De la Gardie (1946– ), lives outside Linköping.

Notable members

 * Pontus De la Gardie (1520–1585), Governor of Swedish Estonia (1574–1575) and (1583–1585), married Sofia Johansdotter Gyllenhielm, illegitimate daughter of John III of Sweden
 * Jacob De la Gardie (1583–1652), Swedish statesman and a soldier, son of Pontus. Led the Swedish army to Moscow.
 * Johan De la Gardie (1582–1640), Swedish statesman, son of Pontus
 * Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie (1622–1686), Swedish statesman, son of Jacob.
 * Maria Sofia De la Gardie (1627–1694), industrialist, daughter of Jacob
 * Axel Julius De la Gardie (1637–1710), Swedish field marshal, son of Jacob.
 * Johanna Eleonora De la Gardie (1661–1708), lady-in-waiting, poet
 * Magnus Julius De la Gardie (1668–1741), Swedish general and statesman, son of Axel.
 * Brita Sophia De la Gardie (1713–1797), amateur actress, culture personality
 * Catherine Charlotte De la Gardie (1723–1763), heroine
 * Eva Ekeblad née Eva De la Gardie, (1724–1786), scientist
 * Hedvig Catharina De la Gardie (1732–1800), daughter of Magnus Julius, wife of Axel von Fersen the Elder and mother of Axel von Fersen the Younger.
 * Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie (1761–1832), lady-in-waiting

title: De la Gardie family


text:
Nuša Derenda

Nuša Derenda (, born Anuška Žnideršič on March 30, 1969 in Brežice, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Slovenian singer who represented Slovenia at the 2001 Eurovision Song Contest in Copenhagen, Denmark where she achieved 7th place.

Biography
At the age of two and a half, Derenda's parents became aware of her singing talent. She always loved to sing and perform in front of an audience. Music was an integral part of her childhood. She sang in choruses, performed as a soloist, attended music school, and learned to play the accordion. Shortly before finishing primary school, Nuša joined a band of young musicians.

Although Derenda originally wanted to become a preschool teacher and work part-time in a nursery school for a year, she continued to sing with the band and traveled throughout Europe. In 1990, her band broke up and Nuša, along with her partner Frenk, established a new group. By that time they had already become professional and toured Yugoslavia, Germany, and Switzerland, and were invited to the US three times. Seven years of success and hard work followed, as their act performed up to 150 concerts in a single year. Since 1998, Derenda has mostly been working with a group called Happy Hour, with whom she records music in the studio and performs live.

Awards
In 1995, Frenk and Nuša Derenda married and started thinking about permanently settling in Slovenia. She had dreamt about making an album for some time. In 1999, she fulfilled this ambition with the CD Vzemi me veter (Take Me, Wind): a song with the same title as the CD was written by her friend, Majda Arh. This song earned Nuša first place in the Slovene TV contest Orion (November 1998). At the Slovene Pop Contest 1999 (Slovenska popevka) Nuša received the award for best singer, and at the MMS festival (Melodies of the Sea and the Sun) the second prize from the audience with the song "Boginja" (The Goddess; written by Urša and Matjaž Vlašič, and Boštjan Grabnar). The same team of songwriter helped her win the Orion 2000 contest with the song "Čez dvajset let" (In Twenty Years). This group of songwriters also accompanied her to the festival MMS 2000 (Melodies of the Sea and Sun). Nuša Derenda sang the song "Ne kliči me" (Don't Call Me) and won the audience prize for the second time.

In November 2000, the first HIT Festival was held, and Nuša Derenda won with the song "Ni mi žal" (I'm Not Sorry). In December the same year she issued a CD with the same title.

Eurovision 2001
Winning the EMA 2001 attracted greater media attention and popularity. She participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 in Copenhagen with the song "Energy" (Ne, ni res), where she finished seventh, achieving the best result for Slovenia (as of 2022).

More Awards
In 2001, thanks to her Eurovision performance, she attended the International Golden Stag Festival in Braşov, Romania. There, she won a special prize from the Ministry of Culture for the best interpretation of a Romanian-language song. Nuša also visited Germany for the Eurosong Fan Club Party in Cologne, where she also held a solo concert. At the end of October 2001, she was invited to Croatia to Zadarfest. There she was awarded second place by the professional jury, and the prize for the best lyrics. That same year 2001 also brought her Victor of Popularity in the music category, which is presented every year by the magazine Stop: the winner is selected by its readers. Also that year, she received the Zlati petelin (Golden Rooster) award for the song "Ni mi žal" (I'm Not Sorry).

Nuša became one of the candidates for Slovene Woman of the Year 2001. 2002 was marked by victory at Slovenska popevka (Slovene Pop Contest) with the song "Pesek v oči" (Deception). At the beginning of December 2002, she released her third CD with the title Na štiri oči (In Private).

In 2003, Nuša again attended the HIT Festival – the third in succession – and won with the song "V ogenj zdaj obleci me" (Dress Me With Fire). The song won the prize from professional jury for the best music and lyrics.

Her Greatest Hits Collection 1998–2003 (Največji uspehi 1998/2003) was released in April 2004. The CD contains most of the popular songs from the beginning of her career to her latest tracks to date of release.

On September 5 that year, she hosted Slovenska popevka 2004 (Slovene Song 2004) at Križanke in Ljubljana and successfully passed the challenge of TV host.

2004 Megahit-International Mediterranean Song Contest
From September 6 to 12, 2004, she participated in the 3rd Megahit-International Mediterranean Song Contest at the Fethiye tourist centre in southern Turkey. The Mediterranean Song Contest is an international music festival, founded by the END PRODUCTION company, led by Serhat Hacipasalioglu. The festival promotes popular music of Mediterranean countries. Its motto is "Music Unites Peace and Friendship". With 91 points, Nuša won a perfect third place with the song "Devil" at the award ceremony in 2002.

EMA (Slovenia)

 * 1998: Usliši me, nebo (Matija Oražem - Damjana Hussu Kenda - Matija Oražem)
 * 1999: Nekaj lepega je v meni (Matija Oražem - Damjana Hussu Kenda - Matija Oražem) - 9th (10 points)
 * 2001: Ne, ni res (Matjaž Vlašič - Urša Vlašič - Matjaž Vlašič, Boštjan Grabnar) - 1st (34 points)
 * 2003: Prvič in zadnjič (Matjaž Vlašič - Urša Vlašič - Matjaž Vlašič, Boštjan Grabnar) – 2nd (13637 televotes)
 * 2005: Noe, Noe (Matjaž Vlašič - Urša Vlašič - Matjaž Vlašič, Boštjan Grabnar) - 4th (19090 televotes)
 * 2010: Sanjajva (Neisha - Neisha - Neisha, Dejan Radičević) – 9th (2 points)
 * 2016: Tip Top (Andraž Gliha, Žiga Pirnat - Žiga Pirnat - Žiga Pirnat)

Slovenian song festival

 * 1999: Vzemi me veter – winner in the opinion of the jury
 * 2000: Čez dvajset let
 * 2002: Pesek v oči – 1st
 * 2012: Naj nama sodi le nebo – 1st (with Marko Vozelj)
 * 2014: Noč čudežna – 4th
 * 2016: Grafit - 2nd

Discography

 * 1999 Vzemi me veter (Take me, wind)
 * 2000 Ni mi žal (I'm not sorry) (HER BEST-SELLING ALBUM)
 * 2001 Festivali (Festivals)
 * 2002 Na štiri oči (On four eyes)
 * 2004 Največje uspešnice (1998 - 2004) (Greatest hits (1998–2004))
 * 2005 Nuša za otroke (Nuša for children)
 * 2008 Prestiž (Prestige)
 * 2013 Za stare čase (For old times)

Singles

 * 1998: Usliši me nebo
 * 1999: Nekaj lepega je v meni, Vzemi me veter
 * 2000: Ne kliči me, Čez dvajset let
 * 2001: Ne, ni res, Energy, Ako moj je grijeh
 * 2002: Pesek v oči
 * 2003: Prvič in zadnjič
 * 2004: Devil, V dobrem in v zlu
 * 2005: Noe, Noe
 * 2008: Danes vračam se, Za Slovenijo živim
 * 2010: Sanjajva, Kada zvijezda padne z neba, Edina
 * 2011: Duša moje duše, Kakor ptica, kakor pesem, Nepremagljivi, Zavrtel si me
 * 2012: Ja u sebe vjerujem, Za stare čase, Naj nama sodi le nebo, Za nobeno ceno, Ona ve, Svako ima nekog (koga više nema)
 * 2014: Blues in vino, Noč čudežna
 * 2015: Mi smo s teboj, Dobro se imej
 * 2016: Grafit, Tip Top, Beat in ti

title: Nuša Derenda


text:
Talk:Snipes (video game)

Untitled
Is it possible to run the networked version of this game under Windows? The game has surfaced on the Internet and it would be neat to play it again but it's not clear what infrastructure is required. Possibly configure your Windows network with IPX?
 * IPX is not needed. All it needs is a shared file system and an ability to run a DOS application.  The communication between the programs on different nodes is via read/write file operations ONLY. --Tim Bird 21:50, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

Further information and download link: http://www.textmodegames.com/download/snipes.html I just came across it, but haven't got the time right this moment to check if such a link conforms to WKP conventions. Centrepull (talk) 17:17, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snipes (video game)


text:
James Woodson Bates

James Woodson Bates (August 25, 1788 – December 26, 1846) was an American lawyer and statesman from Sebastian County, Arkansas. He represented the Arkansas Territory as a delegate to the United States House of Representatives.

Early life and education
James was born in Goochland County, Virginia at his parents' plantation known as Belmont. Part of a political family, Bates was the younger brother of Frederick Bates, second governor of Missouri; and older brother of Edward Bates, who served as US Attorney General to President Abraham Lincoln. He was the ninth child of Thomas and Caroline (Woodson) Bates. He started his advanced education at Yale University but soon transferred to Princeton University, where he graduated in 1807. He read law and then went west.

Career
In 1807, Bates' older brother Frederick was Secretary of the Missouri Territory, based in St. Louis. James and his younger brother Edward joined Frederick in St. Louis, where James began the practice of law (Edward would follow him in this profession).

When the Arkansas Territory was created in 1819, Bates moved to its capital, Arkansas Post, to become one of the first lawyers in the new territory. That fall he was elected to be the non-voting delegate for the territory in the United States House of Representatives. He served two terms, from December 21, 1819, until March 3, 1823, and chose not to stand for re-election in 1822.

While serving in Congress, he had moved to the small settlement called Poke Bayou. When the town plat was laid out in 1821, it was renamed Batesville in his honor. When his congressional term ended, he returned to Batesville and resumed practicing law. He became a local judge in 1824, riding the fourth circuit through the western part of the territory.

In 1828 President John Quincy Adams appointed him to the superior court of the territory. Bates served until President Jackson named judge Charles S. Bibb to the post. In 1835 he was a delegate to the constitutional convention for the new state of Arkansas.

While serving as a circuit judge, Bates met a wealthy widow, Elizabeth Moore. After they married, he moved to her Moore Farm near Van Buren in Crawford County. He later served as a probate court judge and a registrar in the land office. He owned slaves.

Death
Bates died in Van Buren, Arkansas, on December 26, 1846. He is interred at a private family graveyard on the Moore farm near Van Buren.

title: James Woodson Bates


text:
Süleyman Başak

Süleyman Başak (born c. 1964) is a financial economist of Turkish Cypriot origin. He is Professor at the Institute of Finance and Accounting of the London Business School, an MBA-granting part of the University of London and has previously taught at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania until June 30, 2000, where he received the David W. Hauck Award for Outstanding Teaching in 1997, and an honourable mention in 1998 and 1999 for the Geewax, Terker Prize for Investment Research.

Başak received his B.S. degree in Civil engineering from University College London and a master's degree in the same subject from Carnegie Mellon University, This was followed by a M.S. and Ph.D. in Financial economics from Carnegie Mellon. His dissertation won him the Alexander Henderson Award for excellence in economics, an award also won by Nobel Laureates Oliver Williamson, Dale T. Mortensen, Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott. He has been the recipient of a Fulbright scholarship, and a William Larimer Mellon Fellowship. He holds research grants from the Economic & Social Research Council, U.K., and the Q-Group, Institute for Quantitative Research in Finance, U.S.

He is Associate Editor of the journals Management Scienceundefined and Review of Financeundefined.

Selected publications
Başak has published over 17 peer-reviewed papers. His most cited, both dealing with financial economics, are

title: Süleyman Başak


text: Category:Accidental deaths

title: Category:Accidental deaths


text:
Novembre (band)

Novembre (Italian, 'November') is an Italian doom metal band, formed in Rome in 1990.

Biography
Starting out in 1990 as a death metal band (then called Catacomb), Novembre grew to develop a unique, atmospheric sound. Although most of their lyrics are in English, vocalist Carmelo Orlando sings in Italian occasionally in many of their songs. They released their first two albums, Wish I Could Dream It Again and Arte Novecento, through Italian label Polyphemus. While Wish I Could Dream It Again displays the band's death-doom roots, Arte Novecento takes on a softer cleanly-sung sound.

In the mid-1990s, they signed with Century Media to release their next three albums, Classica, Novembrine Waltz, and Dreams d'Azur. More recently, Novembre signed to Peaceville Records, to release their sixth album Materia, which took on a progressive rock influence, and their seventh album, The Blue, which saw a return to addition of death metal-esque passages.

After eight years of absence, Novembre completed work on a new studio album, which was released on Peaceville Records on April 1, 2016, called Ursa. Simultaneously, it was also announced that the band's longtime drummer and co-founder Giuseppe Orlando left the band, leaving Carmelo Orlando as the only original member.

Band members
Current members
 * Carmelo Orlando – guitar, vocals, keyboards (1990–present)
 * Massimiliano Pagliuso – guitar (1997–present)
 * Fabio Fraschini – bass guitar (2002–2007, 2015–present)
 * David Folchitto – drums (2015–present)

Past members
 * Fabio Vignati – bass guitar (1993–1999, died 2014)
 * Antonio Poletti – guitars (1993–1997, 2002)
 * Alessandro Niola – bass guitar (1999–2001)
 * Demian Cristiani – bass guitar (2001–2002)
 * Luca Giovagnoli – bass guitar (2007–2008)
 * Valerio Di Lella – bass guitar (2008)
 * Giuseppe Orlando – drums (1990–2015)
 * Thomas Negrini – keyboards (1994)

Timeline

Discography
Albums
 * Wish I Could Dream It Again (Polyphemus, 1994)
 * Arte Novecento (Polyphemus, 1996)
 * Classica (Century Media, 2000)
 * Novembrine Waltz (Century Media, 2001)
 * Dreams d'Azur (Century Media, 2002)
 * Materia (Peaceville, 2006)
 * The Blue (Peaceville, 2007)
 * URSA (Peaceville, 2016)

Singles
 * "Memoria Stoica" (Peaceville, 2006)

title: Novembre (band)


text:
Rah Digga

Rashia Tashan Fisher (born December 18, 1974), known professionally as Rah Digga, is an American rapper and actress. She is best known as a longtime member of the Flipmode Squad, a hip hop group led by Busta Rhymes. Her debut album, Dirty Harriet (2000), peaked in the top-20 of the Billboard 200, and she released her second album, Classic, in 2010. She starred in the horror film Thirteen Ghosts (2001) as Maggie.

Early life
Rah Digga was born in New Jersey. She studied electrical engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. She learned how to rap by studying the raps of KRS-One, Rakim, and Kool G Rap of the Juice Crew.

Music
She worked with hip hop group Twice the Flavor before joining the Outsidaz, leading to a feature on the track "Cowboys" from the Fugees album The Score. She was spotted by Q-Tip at the Lyricist Lounge which led to her meeting Busta Rhymes and joining his Flipmode Squad. She has appeared on several Busta Rhymes albums. Her critically acclaimed debut album "Dirty Harriet" was released on April 4, 2000 on Flipmode/Elektra Records and is certified gold in the U.S. and platinum worldwide. She also worked with Bahamadia on the track "Be Ok" from Lyricist Lounge, Vol. 1. At that time they were the two leading women of the Lyricist Lounge movement, which also served as the home base for artists such as Mos Def, Talib Kweli, Pharaohe Monch, Common Sense, Lord Have Mercy, Foxy Brown and Shabaam Sahdeeq. In 2001 she starred in the film Thirteen Ghosts and sang the title track "Mirror Mirror" on the soundtrack. Also in 2001, she performed with Deborah Cox, Monica, Tamia and Mýa at Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration contributing an original rap verse to "Heal the World".

Her second album Everything Is a Story was due to be released on Clive Davis's J Records in 2004, but was shelved. Many songs from the album had leaked to the internet in an unofficial 23-track album of unreleased material, and in 2010 Rah Digga released her own version of the album, featuring additional tracks. Rah Digga released a new album, Classic, in 2010. Production was handled by Nottz, and a promo single was released entitled "This Ain't No Lil Kid Rap". Since then she has been releasing music independently through her website Rahdiggamusic.com, SoundCloud, Bandcamp and the iTunes Store. Rah is a cultural music ambassador for the US government through her non-profit "Lyrics Matter" in conjunction with the Next Level program. Digga currently co-hosts a podcast, Yanadameen Godcast, with a fellow rapper Lord Jamar and comedian, Godfrey.

Acting
Rah Digga first appeared in Da Hip Hop Witch (2000), playing a fictionalized version of herself. She was then cast in the film Thirteen Ghosts (2001) alongside Tony Shalhoub, F. Murray Abraham, Shannon Elizabeth and Matthew Lillard in her first real acting role. In the same year, she also appeared alongside Beyoncé and Joy Bryant in MTV's Carmen: A Hip Hopera (2001). In 2003 and 2009, she was featured in the documentary films Queens of Hip Hop (with Salt-N-Pepa) and Say My Name (with Erykah Badu, Jean Grae, Miz Korona, Remy Ma, and MC Lyte, among others). Additionally, Digga has appeared as a guest star on The Mo'Nique Show. Digga is a cast member of the film "Stars" (2022), Directed by Mars Roberge.

Public image and personal life
Rah Digga has been called "one of rap's most prominent women MCs" by AllMusic and "one of hip hop's most skilled female MCs" in the book How to Rap.

She was in a relationship with fellow rapper Young Zee. The couple has a daughter named Sativa, born in 1997.

She married partner Troy Weeks during LL Cool J's "Rock the Bells" cruise in November 2023. The ceremony was officiated by fellow rapper Big Daddy Kane.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Dirty Harriet (2000)
 * Classic (2010)

Awards and nominations

 * BET Awards
 * 2006: Video of the Year ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated
 * 2006: Best Collaboration ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated
 * 2004: Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, Nominated
 * 2002: Best Female Hip-Hop Artist, Nominated
 * BET Hip Hop Awards
 * 2006: Hip-Hop Video of the Year ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated
 * 2006: Best Collabo ("Touch It (remix)"), Winner
 * 2006: People's Champ Award ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated
 * MTV Video Music Award
 * 2006: Best Rap Video ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated
 * 2006: Best Male Video ("Touch It (remix)"), Nominated

title: Rah Digga


text:
Talk:ESPNews

Fair use rationale for Image:ESPNEWS.png
Image:ESPNEWS.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 02:58, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Logo
I dont think that espnews is still using the red espnews logo anymore. dont you think you should replace it with the espnews hd one at the bottom?

Requested move
ESPNEWS → ESPNews — The only reason it's currently capitalized is because the company does it that way. WP:MOSTM says to use standard English spelling and capitalization even is the trademark holder insists otherwise ("Time" instead of "TIME", "Xbox Live" instread of "Xbox LIVE", etc. The "ESPN" part is an abbreviation (for "Entertainment and Sports Programming Network"), the rest isn't. —  TJ   Spyke   16:30, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * If/when this does get moved, could an admin also move the various related articles: ESPNEWS Pregame (which looks like it doesn't even need an article), ESPNEWS Gametime and List of ESPNEWS personalities.  TJ   Spyke   16:43, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * ✅ Done  Stwalkerster  [  talk  ]  18:12, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Wouldn't "standard English spelling and capitalization" have been ESPN News? Green-eyed girl ( Talk  ·  Contribs ) 23:36, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Football Friday & The Pulse on ESPNEWS
they supposed to be still airing on the channel but what happened to them? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.189.21.176 (talk) 19:00, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Yet another toilet
I hope all ad buyers rebel against buying time on this piece of crap as well as ESPN Assic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.126.253.66 (talk) 05:12, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Hockey
I realize that Americans know next to nothing about hockey. I am a Canadian who has played hockey for 25 years and knows the game very well. Why do you not show shots on goal? Or do Americans think that means nothing? 216.26.192.92 (talk) 23:28, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:ESPNews


text:
Ko Kan Ko Sata

Kokanko Sata is a musician from southern Mali. She plays the kamale n'goni, a traditional eight-stringed lute, and is said to be the only woman who plays this instrument.

Her self-named album features her singing and playing the kamele n'goni, accompanied by balafon and flute. It has been released on Honest Jon's, a record label run by Damon Albarn.

Her work is also featured on Damon Albarn's 2002 album, Mali Music.

title: Ko Kan Ko Sata


text:
John Monte

John Monte is an American musician, known for being the bassist for Evan Seinfeld's new band, The Spyderz. He was a bassist for M.O.D., Mind Funk, Ministry, Human Waste Project and a guitarist for Dragpipe, Handful of Dust and Evil Mothers.

title: John Monte


text: Template:W (duo)

title: Template:W (duo)