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Sweet Home (video game)

Sweet Home is a role-playing video game developed and published by Capcom for the Family Computer in 1989. It was developed alongside the horror film of the same name and tells the story of a team of five filmmakers exploring an old mansion in search of precious frescos hidden there. As they explore the mysterious mansion, they encounter hostile ghosts and other supernatural enemies. The player must navigate the intricately laid out mansion, battling with the enemies, and the five main characters with the limited weapons and health restorative items available. The narrative moves forward regardless of whether the characters stay alive, and leads to its five different endings.

The game was directed by Tokuro Fujiwara, who previously worked primarily on arcade games such as Ghosts 'n Goblins (1985). Fujiwara toured the film's set to gather inspiration for the game, and the film's director Kiyoshi Kurosawa gave Fujiwara permission to take some liberties with the game's script. Both the game and film were produced by filmmaker Juzo Itami. Sweet Home was released in December 1989 exclusively in Japan, where it gathered generally favorable reception and was considered better than the film. The game was never localized to western markets, likely because of the game's gruesome imagery and the unpopularity of role-playing games outside Japan.

In retrospect, Sweet Home is considered a landmark game and is often cited for laying the groundwork for the survival horror genre. It served as the main inspiration behind Resident Evil (1996) which was a massive critical and commercial success, launching a multimedia franchise. Later games in the future continue to pull inspiration from the game through the use of quick time events, inventory management, and ghost story elements. Sweet Home 's Metroidvania-style exploration, storytelling methods, and horror elements have been cited as precursors to key elements found in other successful games decades later.

Gameplay
Sweet Home is a role-playing game (RPG) set within a mansion that has a cohesive, intricate layout. There are five playable characters who can venture solo or explore in teams of two or three. The player can switch between characters and parties at any time. The five characters each have a unique item that is necessary to complete the game: a camera, lighter, medical kit, lockpick, and vacuum cleaner. Along with these items are others that can be picked up and dropped anywhere and retrieved later by other characters.

Sweet Home places an emphasis on puzzle-solving, item inventory management, and survival. The player must backtrack to previous locations in order to solve puzzles using items acquired later in the game. In this sense, the interconnected mansion is gradually explored in the style of Metroidvania games. Enemies are encountered randomly and the player must fight or run away through menu-based combat. The battles are presented in a first-person perspective, and there are a variety of enemies, including zombies, ghosts and dolls. The only way to restore health is through tonics scattered across rooms in the mansion.

The story is told through cinematic cutscenes and through optional notes such as secret messages and diary entries of past visitors scattered across the mansion, which also provide clues for solving puzzles. The game also features quick time events when the player comes across a trap that requires a quick decision to be made, or else be killed. When a character dies, they remain dead permanently for the remainder of the game. Items that serve the same purpose as the dead character can be found near their corpse. For example, should the team nurse Akiko die, the team may find pill bottles which can be used to heal ailments. Depending on how many characters remain alive after the defeat of the final boss, there are a total of five different endings the player may receive.

Plot
The story is based on that of the 1989 film of the same name, but the writers took some liberties and expanded on the film's plot. Thirty years prior to the story in 1959, famous artist Ichirō Mamiya hid several precious frescos in his huge mansion before he mysteriously disappeared. In the present day, a team of five documentary filmmakers seek to recover the paintings from the abandoned, dilapidated mansion. Upon entering, they are trapped inside by the ghost of an unknown woman, who threatens to kill all trespassers. The team decides to split up and find a way out, but the mansion is both in danger of collapsing and is occupied by countless monsters.

The team find a projection room, where they find a projector that displays an image of a couple and their baby burning. They discover that the ghost is that of Lady Mamiya, Ichirō's wife. It is revealed that thirty years previously, Mamiya's two-year-old son had fallen in the house's incinerator and was burnt alive, and Mamiya attempted to provide playmates for her son by killing several other children. She committed suicide shortly after and her ghost, unable to forgive herself, became trapped in the mansion. The team arrives in the main chamber and confronts Mamiya in a final battle. After defeating her, a rescuer arrives to help them escape from the mansion as it crumbles.

Development and release
Sweet Home was developed by Capcom and directed by Tokuro Fujiwara. He had previously directed Ghosts 'n Goblins (1985) and worked on titles such as Commando (1985), Bionic Commando (1987), Mega Man 2 (1988), and Strider (1989). Sweet Home was one of his first console game projects after working primarily on arcade games. At times he was frustrated by the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom)'s graphics limitations.

The game is based on the 1989 film of the same name. Juzo Itami, the film's executive producer, and Kiyoshi Kurosawa, its director, served as the game's producer and supervisor respectively. Fujiwara took a tour of the film studio to gather ideas to build the game. Kurosawa told Fujiwara to not concern himself with following the movie exactly. Some of the items Fujiwara wanted to include in his game were ultimately left out because they did not match the atmosphere of the film. The game's plot ended up diverging somewhat from the film's. It was unprecedented at the time for a video game to expand on a film's narrative in this way.

Sweet Home was released for the Famicom in Japan on 15 December 1989. It was promoted alongside the movie in a trailer included with the film's DVD and LaserDisc release. The game received generally favorable reviews, and many critics believed the game was better than the film. Famitsu provided a score of 28/40. In the 1989 Famitsu Best Hit Game Awards, Sweet Home received a critics' choice award.

Critics believe the game's gruesome imagery dissuaded Nintendo's branches in the Western world from localizing the game. Also, the low popularity of RPGs at the time (at least in North America) may have had an influence on this decision. Although the game was never officially released outside Japan, fans translated Sweet Home to English and released the modified ROM image on the internet in 2000. The translation took over a year to complete. Some hobbyists have loaded the translated ROM onto cartridges to sell through online grey markets.

Legacy
In retrospect, Sweet Home is considered one of the greatest horror games ever made and a landmark in the evolution of horror game design. It is often cited for laying the groundwork for the survival horror genre. Allistair Pinsof of Destructoid believed Sweet Home to be the single best Famicom game and dubbed it "one of the very best games ever made". He also called it one of the first games to realize the potential of a fully cohesive world as in the Metroidvania genre (even though Metroid (1986) attempted it first), and one of the first to use scattered notes and diary logs to tell a story, an element later popularized by BioShock (2007). Peter Tieryas of Kotaku wrote that Sweet Home successfully fused the RPG, adventure, and horror genres into a "macabre" in a way most other games rarely have. Marty Sliva of 1UP.com wrote that this mixture of genres was a precursor to Parasite Eve (1998). Ben Reeves of Game Informer called it a cult hit and Tokuro Fujiwara's most significant contribution to the video game industry. He continued by saying the entire horror genre "owe[s] a blood debt to this long-forgotten 8-bit game that had no right to be as good as it was."

The horror elements of Sweet Home have received significant praise. Critics believe the game successfully created a haunting experience despite the limited technical capabilities of the Famicom hardware. The staff of Computer and Video Games called it "one of the Famicom's finest technical hours." Tieryas wrote that technical limitations created opportunities for the designers to implement clever gameplay which contributed to the sense of horror. Pinsof agreed and praised the game's structure for creating a tense atmosphere. He wrote that the mansion feels unpredictable and the game is paced well, providing items at just the right moment to maintain the tension. He also praised the innovative and gruesome cinematic imagery. Sliva believed the game had an impressive cinematic quality to it.

Influence on Resident Evil
Sweet Home served as the main inspiration for Capcom's Resident Evil (1996), a game which defined the survival horror genre and spawned a multimedia franchise. When development began in 1993, Resident Evil was originally intended to be a remake of Sweet Home. The game was directed by Shinji Mikami with Fujiwara acting as producer. Fujiwara believed the basic premise for Resident Evil was to do the things that he was unable to include in Sweet Home, particularly in the sense of graphics. Since Capcom no longer had the rights to the Sweet Home license, they had to invent a new universe, but the game still adopted many elements from Sweet Home.

Both games placed an emphasis on survival with elements such as the management of a limited inventory and health restoratives scattered throughout the game. Resident Evil was originally intended to have a first-person perspective influenced by Sweet Home's battles, before the perspective was changed during development. Some story elements borrow heavily from Sweet Home. Both games are set in a mansion with an intricate layout, the story is told through the use of scattered notes, and there are multiple endings depending on how many characters survive. Other shared elements include the brutal imagery, door loading sequences, puzzles, backtracking, and characters with unique items such as the lockpick and lighter.

Sweet Home 's influence carried further into the series than just the first game. It also inspired Resident Evil Zero (2002) which allows the player to switch between characters at will and drop items anywhere on the map for the other character to pick up. Sweet Home's quick time events are considered a precursor to those seen in Resident Evil 4 (2005) and beyond. Resident Evil 7 (2017) also shares similarities to Sweet Home, including the plot of a film crew going to an abandoned house, a paranormal female presence in the house, and a tragic tale involving a family that once lived there. It also pays homage to Sweet Home in a side story told through a VHS tape. Peter Tieryas of Kotaku blamed the decline in critical acceptance of modern Resident Evil offerings on Capcom abandoning the basic gameplay design laid out in Sweet Home.

title: Sweet Home (video game)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ryan poppins

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy per Deletion of vanity articles. mikka (t) 23:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Ryan poppins
Unencyclopedic tone, Google suggest non-notability. Mysid ( talk ) 10:21, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no claim to notability. Mysid, what do you mean by "unencyclopedic tone"? Would that be the "sex god" or "pimp" comment? ;) -Harmil 11:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neither. "Smart mofo". –Mysid ( talk ) 11:10, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, "unremarkable person" per new policy. Dcarrano 13:21, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per Dcarrano. We have a new policy, these don't need to come to VfD any more. -Splash 21:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * HALLELUJAH! Speedy delete under new policy! Woo-hoo! - Lucky 6.9 22:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Frisian

Requested Move
Friesian → Frisian Frisian is by far more common spelling than Friesian, which is used almost exculsively for the horse type, and not for the people and language. --Hottentot 20:57, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

 * Oppose. Friesian is also an acceptable spelling with Frisian according to my dictionaries. Marco79 14:15, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This user had been around for nine minutes when this wote was cast. Stefán Ingi 20:33, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've been around for a lot longer than 9 minutes, say many months as an anon using IP addresses: 203.164.18x.xxx and signing comments with the name Mark (when associated with 203.164.18x.xxx). Haukur and others can confirm this. Marco79 15:47, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * With this new information in mind I fully agree that your vote should be counted. I'm glad you decided to get an account. Stefán Ingi 16:58, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The page is a disambiguation page, there are more items on it which are called Friesian than Frisian. If somebody makes the argument that the people are more commonly known than the animals then I might be convinced to change my vote. Stefán Ingi 20:33, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose by far the most common usage of this name in the UK is for cattle and horse. --Philip Baird Shearer 23:19, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. For me, the islands, people and languages are the primary associations and meanings. I hardly even remember the other meanings. In addition, people and languages are more important than horses and cows. -Hapsiainen 00:58, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak support. I didn't even know of the animal meanings. I'm somewhat sympathetic to Stefán's argument, though. In any case neither result is a catastrophe. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 22:44, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. As with Hapsiainen, my immediate association with the term is with the ethnic terms, not with the animals. Olessi 20:03, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

Google:
 * about 54,800 English pages for Friesian site:.uk. -- Seems to be mainly about cattle and horse.
 * about 44,400 English pages for Frisian site:.uk -- Seems to be mainly about the language and the place.
 * about 18,100 English pages for Friesian horse site:.uk.
 * about 1,120 English pages for Frisian horse site:.uk.
 * about 17,700 English pages for Friesian cattle site:.uk
 * about 362 English pages for Frisian cattle site:.uk
 * about 1,370 English pages for Friesian language site:.uk
 * about 21,000 English pages for Frisian language site:.uk

Googling the BBC site confirms the general pattern: Interestingly this last page refers to the place as Friesland "Yet Frisian is still spoken in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands and is the Germanic language most closely resembling modern English." but this is not reflected googling for the islands: --Philip Baird Shearer 23:20, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * 97 English pages from bbc.co.uk for Friesian --About animals eg http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1408000/1408434.stm
 * 107 English pages from bbc.co.uk for Frisian --About the language and people eg http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/beyond/factsheets/makhist/makhist4_prog4b.shtml
 * about 289 English pages for "Friesian islands" site:.uk
 * about 2,510 English pages for "Frisian islands" site:.uk.

 * As usual I don't like google tests and in addition I think the conclusions drawn of this one are are quite strange. 55/44 I would never describe as "by far" the most common. Also "Friesian horse site:uk" and "Friesian cattle site:uk" will have overlap, specifically "friesian cattle -horse site:uk" gives 13,900 and "friesian -cattle horse site:uk" gives 14,400, that tops the 21,400 for "Frisian language site:uk" by 7,000 but of course "Frisian language" is going to miss a lot of pages about Frisian people. I don't know how to get them and anyway I think this number crunching is inaccurate and totally pointless. I'll continue to go by the number of items by each name. Stefán Ingi 00:02, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * you were not using the google.co.uk search engine. However it is little to do with Google tests. I put those in to show that both spellings are used in the UK and that by far the most common diary cow in Britain is the Friesian. If anyone comes across a Friesian in daily life it will be of the bovine variety. One would be hard-pressed to travel more than a few miles outside a major town in England and not see Friesian cattle. Any child learning about the were milk comes from in the UK will usually be shown pictures of Friesian cows and if they are called anything other than black and white cows it will be Friesian cows. --Philip Baird Shearer 23:25, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Apart from the first sentence of this reply, which is wrong, I heartily agree with it. Let me therefore not spend time detailing my annoyance that you included this first sentence. Stefán Ingi 00:14, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Outcome
Move not completed due to lack of consensus. Rob Church Talk 11:33, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

[No title]
Friesian means from Friesland, pertaining to Friesland or to something that originated in Friesland. In the Dutch province of Friesland the people spell their country as 'Friesland' a spelling kept the same for over a millenium. Friesian the language, has hardly changed in that time, unlike English. The people of the Netherlands call the people there "Friezen", the Anglosized version of which should be Friesians (rather than Frieslanders). The farmers from Friesland were (still are) breeding cattle and also horses for hundreds of years by way of careful selecting the best to a set of criteria and recording (1) the breeding lines carefully. They were known as Friesian cattle and ditto horses as they came from Friesland's breeding program. So why some of us felt compelled to drop the i is a bit of a mystery and in any case it is wrong as it seems the result of casualness, sloppy spelling.

Even if through this process of copying the wrong spelling is widespread, it is not too late to mend their ways and go back to what's correct and logical.

Then again its a free world for some and one can write and spell whatever one pleases. Even spelling say the word Amerriken, is not illegal either, but is only slowly taking of..... I am against it like I am against spelling Frisian. I have been in Friesland. Great place, lakes, great sailing, lush green grass, historic towns, the "eleven towns skating contest" where one skates hundred of kilometres all day!(!) and everyone speaks at least two languages. Most of the Frieasans speak three, including English. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.129.38.30 (talk • contribs) 06:08, 4 December 2005.

 * It doesn't just refer to the Dutch province of Friesland, it can also refer to the larger region of Frisia. --Hottentot 06:15, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

The Frisian name for Frisia isn't even Friesland, but Fryslân. The proper (or traditional) English names and spellings are Frisia and Frisian. Friesian comes from improper knowledge of English orthographic tradition by Dutch speakers, the same who also write Zeeland and Zeelandic in place of Zealand and Zealandic, which are the traditional English spellings, but are also improperly spelt due to lack of knowledge of English spelling by well-intentioned contributors to Wikipedia. -AvL 15 January 2006

 * Fryslân is the name for Frisia in the West Frisian language, but is it the same in the North and East Frisian languages? --Khoikhoi 22:16, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frisian


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Talk:Wurstelprater

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title: Talk:Wurstelprater


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User:MathNT

My interests and my contributions here are in number theory.

title: User:MathNT


text:
Logie Awards of 1986

The 28th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Friday 18 April 1986 at the State Theatre in Sydney, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Michael Willesee and guests included John Denver, Paul Hogan, Veronica Hamel, Phyllis Diller, Gordon Jackson and Sam Neill and Laura Branigan.

Gold Logie

 * Most Popular Personality on Australian Television
 * Winner: Daryl Somers in Hey Hey It's Saturday (Nine Network)

Acting/Presenting

 * Most Popular Australian Actor
 * Winner: Grant Dodwell in A Country Practice (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Australian Actress
 * Winner: Anne Tenney in A Country Practice (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Australian Actor in a Miniseries or Telemovie
 * Winner: Andrew Clarke in Anzacs (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Australian Actress in a Miniseries or Telemovie
 * Winner: Megan Williams in Anzacs (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular New Talent
 * Winner: Peter O'Brien in Neighbours (Seven Network)

 * Best Performance by a Juvenile
 * Winner: Nadine Garner in The Henderson Kids (Network Ten)

 * TV Reporter of the Year
 * Winner: Ian Leslie in 60 Minutes (Nine Network)

Most Popular Programs/Videos

 * Most Popular Australian Drama
 * Winner: A Country Practice (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Australian Miniseries or Telemovie
 * Winner: Anzacs (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Australian Light Entertainment Program
 * Winner: Perfect Match (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Public Affairs Program
 * Winner: 60 Minutes (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Documentary Series
 * Winner: Willesee Documentaries (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Children's Program
 * Winner: Simon Townsend's Wonder World (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Music Video
 * Winner: "What You Need" by INXS

Best/Outstanding Programs

 * Best Light Entertainment Series
 * Winner: The Gillies Report (ABC TV)

 * Best Light Entertainment Special
 * Winner: Cliff Richard in Concert (Nine Network)

 * Best Documentary
 * Winner: Sweat of the Sun, Tears of the Moon (ABC TV)

 * Best News Report
 * Winner: "Eagle Farm Siege" (TVQ, Brisbane)

 * Best Public Affairs Report
 * Winner: "Tax Summit", Jennifer Byrne, Sunday (Nine Network)

 * Outstanding Coverage of Sport
 * Winner: Australian Grand Prix (Nine Network)

 * Outstanding Contribution by a Regional Station
 * Winner: Newshour (TV8, Bendigo)

New South Wales

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Ray Martin (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Anne Tenney (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: A Country Practice (Seven Network)

Queensland

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Glenn Taylor (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Jacki MacDonald (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: State Affair (Seven Network)

South Australia

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Keith Conlon (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Anne Wills (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: State Affair (Seven Network)

Tasmania

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Tom Payne (TVT-6)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Jenny Roberts (TVT-6)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: Midweek (TVT-6)

Victoria

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Daryl Somers (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Delvene Delaney (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: Neighbours (Seven Network)

Western Australia

 * Most Popular Male
 * Winner: Rick Ardon (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Female
 * Winner: Susannah Carr (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Program
 * Winner: State Affair (Seven Network)

Performers

 * John Farnham and Laura Branigan
 * Julie Anthony and John Denver
 * Tony Bartuccio dancers
 * Max Gillies and Tracy Harvey

Hall of Fame
After a lifetime in the Australian television industry, Neil Davis posthumously became the third inductee into the TV Week Logies Hall of Fame.

title: Logie Awards of 1986


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House of Dolgorukov

The House of Dolgorukov (Долгору́ков) is a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock. They are a cadet branch of the Obolenskiy family (until 1494 the rulers of Obolensk, one of the Upper Oka Principalities) and as such claiming patrilineal descent from Mikhail of Chernigov (d. 1246).

The founder of the Dolgorukov branch of the Obolenskiy is Prince Ivan Andreevich Obolenskiy (15th century), who for his vengefulness was given the nickname of Долгорукий (Dolgorukiy/Dolgoruky), i.e. "far-reaching". Obolensk was incorporated into the expanding Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1494, and the house of Dolgorukov became a powerful noble family in Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.

List of members
Members of the House of Dolgorukov include:

 * Maria Dolgorukaya (d. 1580), a wife of Ivan IV
 * Grigori Ivanovich Menshoi Chyort ("the Devil") Dolgorukov (Князь Григорий Иванович Меньшой Чёрт Долгоруков), died after 1598, governor under Ivan the Terrible.
 * Aleksey Grigorevich Chertyonok ("Little Devil") Dolgorukov (Князь Алексей Григорьевич Чертёнок Долгоруков), died 1646.
 * Maria Dolgorukova (d. 1625), first wife of Michael I
 * Yuri Dolgorukov (boyar) (near 1610–1682), military leader known for victories during the Russo-Polish war, boyar (1648). Killed during the Moscow uprising of 1682.
 * Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (colonel) (1664–1707), Russian colonel, killed at the start of Bulavin Rebellion
 * Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1667–1746), Russian Field Marshal
 * Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov (1672–1739), Russian diplomat and minister
 * Alexey Grigoryevich Dolgorukov (died 1734), cousin of Vasily Lukich, father of Ekaterina Alekseyevna
 * Vladimir Petrovich Dolgorukov (1696–1761), Russian General Governor of Livonia and Estonia
 * Ekaterina Alekseyevna Dolgorukova (1712–1747), betrothed to Emperor Peter II of Russia
 * Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Krymsky (1722–1782), Russian general and governor of Moscow
 * Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1740–1830), Russian general-in-chief, author of valuable memoirs
 * Mikhail Petrovich Dolgorukov (1780–1808), Russian colonel
 * Helene Pavlovna Dolgorukova (1790–1860), grandmother of Helena Blavatsky and Sergei Witte
 * Dimitri Ivanovich Dolgorukov (1797–1867), career diplomat
 * Vasily Andreyevich Dolgorukov (1804–1868), Russian minister of war
 * Pyotr Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (1816–1868), Russian nobleman and historian
 * Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891), occultist, spirit medium and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society
 * governor-general (mayor) of Moscow from 1865 to 1891
 * Catherine Dolgorukova (1847–1922), morganatic wife of Alexander II of Russia
 * Pavel Dolgorukov (1866–1927), prominent liberal politician prior to 1917
 * Pyotr Dmitriyevich Dolgorukov (1866–1951), Russian liberal politician
 * Vasily Alexandrovich Dolgorukov (1868–1918), Court Marshal to Nicholas II

title: House of Dolgorukov


text:
Business rule management system

A BRMS or business rule management system is a software system used to define, deploy, execute, monitor and maintain the variety and complexity of decision logic that is used by operational systems within an organization or enterprise. This logic, also referred to as business rules, includes policies, requirements, and conditional statements that are used to determine the tactical actions that take place in applications and systems.

Overview
A BRMS includes, at minimum: This needs to be attributed:
 * A repository, allowing decision logic to be externalized from core application code
 * Tools, allowing both technical developers and business experts to define and manage decision logic
 * A runtime environment, allowing applications to invoke decision logic managed within the BRMS and execute it using a business rules engine

The top benefits of a BRMS include:
 * Reduced or removed reliance on IT departments for changes in live systems. Although, QA and Rules testing would still be needed in any enterprise system.
 * Increased control over implemented decision logic for compliance and better business management including audit logs, impact simulation and edit controls.
 * The ability to express decision logic with increased precision, using a business vocabulary syntax and graphical rule representations (decision tables, decision models, trees, scorecards and flows)
 * Improved efficiency of processes through increased decision automation.

Some disadvantages of the BRMS include:
 * Extensive subject matter expertise can be required for vendor specific products. In addition to appropriate design practices (such as Decision Modeling), technical developers must know how to write rules and integrate software with existing systems
 * Poor rule harvesting approaches can lead to long development cycles, though this can be mitigated with modern approaches like the Decision Model and Notation (DMN) standard.
 * Integration with existing systems is still required and a BRMS may add additional security constraints.
 * Reduced IT department reliance may never be a reality due to continued introduction to new business rule considerations or object model perturbations
 * The coupling of a BRMS vendor application to the business application may be too tight to replace with another BRMS vendor application. This can lead to cost to benefits issues. The emergence of the DMN standard has mitigated this to some degree.

Most BRMS vendors have evolved from rule engine vendors to provide business-usable software development lifecycle solutions, based on declarative definitions of business rules executed in their own rule engine. BRMSs are increasingly evolving into broader digital decisioning platforms that also incorporate decision intelligence and machine learning capabilities.

However, some vendors come from a different approach (for example, they map decision trees or graphs to executable code). Rules in the repository are generally mapped to decision services that are naturally fully compliant with the latest SOA, Web Services, or other software architecture trends.

Related software approaches
In a BRMS, a representation of business rules maps to a software system for execution. A BRMS therefore relates to model-driven engineering, such as the model-driven architecture (MDA) of the Object Management Group (OMG). It is no coincidence that many of the related standards come under the OMG banner.

A BRMS is a critical component for Enterprise Decision Management as it allows for the transparent and agile management of the decision-making logic required in systems developed using this approach.

Associated standards
The OMG Decision Model and Notation standard is designed to standardize elements of business rules development, specially decision table representations. There is also a standard for a Java Runtime API for rule engines JSR-94.
 * OMG Business Motivation Model (BMM): A model of how strategies, processes, rules, etc. fit together for business modeling
 * OMG SBVR: Targets business constraints as opposed to automating business behavior
 * OMG Production Rule Representation (PRR): Represents rules for production rule systems that make up most BRMS' execution targets
 * OMG Decision Model and Notation (DMN): Represents models of decisions, which are typically managed by a BRMS
 * RuleML provides a family of rule mark-up languages that could be used in a BRMS and with W3C RIF it provides a family of related rule languages for rule interchange in the W3C Semantic Web stack

Many standards, such as domain-specific languages, define their own representation of rules, requiring translations to generic rule engines or their own custom engines.

Other domains, such as PMML, also define rules.

title: Business rule management system


text:
Wikipedia talk:Featured article removal candidates/President of the United States

A lot of conflict--Kendea 10:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Potential (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"Potential" is the twelfth episode of the seventh and final season of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on January 21, 2003 on UPN.

It appears Dawn is a Potential vampire Slayer; Buffy leaves four Potentials alone with a vampire for them to fight; Dawn confronts a vampire with her classmate Amanda.

Plot
Buffy and Spike bring the Potential Slayers to the cemetery to train for vampire attacks. Buffy and Spike show signs of reawakening their feelings for each other.

At the high school, student Amanda comes to Buffy for counseling. At home, Buffy learns from Willow that another Potential Slayer has been found, already in Sunnydale.

Willow performs a spell that will locate the Potential Slayer and it indicates Dawn. Overhearing a conversation between Willow and Xander, feeling the weight of their concerns and her potential fate of death, she sneaks out the window.

Buffy and Spike take the girls to a demon bar to explain the art of getting information out of the demonic patrons there. They run into the friendly demon Clem. Buffy and Spike show the girls a crypt, find a vampire, and leave them alone to fight it.

While walking alone outside, Dawn runs into Amanda, who says she was attacked by a vampire in a classroom. Having heard rumors about Buffy, Amanda was going to ask for her help, but Dawn volunteers to take care of the problem. They break into the school and are trapped by the vampire. Dawn acts resourcefully and enheartens Amanda to fight. Willow, Xander, and Anya find that Dawn has gone, and Willow rushes to do a spell to find her.

Bringers of the First Evil appear on the scene to snatch the Potential Slayer, and Dawn realizes it is Amanda. Xander arrives at the school with Buffy and Spike as the Bringers attack. Amanda stakes the vampire while Buffy and Spike finish off the Bringers.

While Buffy takes the other girls down to the basement for training, Xander catches on to Dawn's disappointment about not being a Potential. Xander confides in her how hard it is for him to be the powerless member of the gang. He reminds her that she does not need to be special with powers as she is "extraordinary" just the way she is. In return, Dawn suggests that he does have a power – his ability to notice what is really going on with the people he loves, despite the barriers.

Reception
Vox, ranking it at #65 of all 144 episodes on their "Worst to Best" list, writes, "Dawn was always a tough character for Buffy to deal with. Yes, season five was built entirely around her, but the show's final two seasons could never figure out how to balance her teenage self against the increasingly adult stories swirling around the other characters. This is perhaps the finest post-season five Dawn hour, as she hopes, deeply, that she might be a Slayer, only to slowly realize that's not the case. There were some stories — like living up to an impressive older sibling — Buffy could only tell via Dawn, and it’s a pity it didn’t get to more of them."

In 2023, Rolling Stone, ranked this episode as #96 out of the 144 episodes in honor of the 20th anniversary of the show's ending.

title: Potential (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)


text: Category:Theban tombs

title: Category:Theban tombs


text:
Talk:Potential (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

Untitled
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________________________________________________________

Quotes and Trivia
The article already has a Wikipage for quotes. And the trivia seems more like speculation then anything to me. If it was revealed Clem is gay, then sure. But a silly way of greeting reveals nothing.

Lots42 00:12, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy712.jpg
Image:Buffy712.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:25, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

German Title
German title of this episode is "die Anwärterin". IMHO the correct translation is not "the potential" but rather "the applicant". -- GWater (talk) 12:50, 7 June 2008 (UTC)

Summary and Plot
The summary and expanded overview need some hardcore merging and shortening. Lots42 (talk) 22:30, 19 June 2008 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Grass skiing

According to 1977 edition of New Caxton Encyclopedia, grass skiing already existed as a "training" using normal skis and a grass mat - Skysmith 10:24, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I sprained my ankle grass skiing somewhere in New Hampshire during a camp trip in 1981 .. it was already well-established at that point in time. Yes, it well predates the 1980s. Article adjusted accordingly. Daniel Case 17:37, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Regarding the birthplace of grass skiing, this article lists France at the beginning of the article and Germany later. Does anyone have information to clarify this? DivusFilius (talk) 04:26, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

---

Clarifiation needed - contradictory information present

(Grass skiing was started in France in 1966)

Later:

History: Grass skiing was invented by Richard Martin in Germany in 1966. [...] Two years after, Martin introduced the new skiing variation to the Vosges region of France.

Anzelm (talk) 07:11, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

TurfSkiing
My dad Charles Goodwin invented and patented TurfSkiing in 1961 in Vermont and was president and CEO of TurfSki Inc. until 1970. TurfSkis are 39 inch skis with each 7 ROLLERS and a SLIDE Block at the end which gives the TurfSkier the feel of long skis. the elipitacal rollers allow the TurfSkis to "slide" on the grass slopes as if on snow! Dale740 (talk) 16:59, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grass skiing


text:
Same Time, Same Place

"Same Time, Same Place" is the third episode of the seventh and final season of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on October 8, 2002 on UPN.

Plot
At the airport, Buffy, Dawn, and Xander wait for Willow to get off her plane from England and talk about how uncomfortable they feel about the situation. The plane clears, but the three do not see Willow. The scene repeats as Willow gets off the plane, but she does not see her friends waiting for her.

A young man spray-paints a wall of a construction site as a demon taunts him from the shadows and then attacks the frightened man.

Willow lets herself into the Summers house, which appears to be empty. Going up to what used to be her room, but now has been claimed by Buffy, Willow remembers the last time she was in the room. A door closes and Willow begins to investigate, but still her friends are nowhere to be seen. Alone, Willow curls up on the couch. Buffy, Xander, and Dawn return home and talk about how Willow did leave England and wonder where she may have ended up. They hear a noise upstairs and check it out, but find nothing.

The next morning, Willow visits the damaged Magic Box shop and finds Anya cleaning up. Anya is very cold to her and Willow feels guilty about everything. They talk a bit and Anya fills Willow in on everyone's activities since she has been gone. Willow checks out Xander's construction site and instead of Xander, she finds a skinned body. At the same time, Xander and Buffy are looking at the body and the familiar sight makes them wonder if Willow is back after all. Unbeknownst to them, a disgusted Willow climbs a ladder to exit the site.

Willow walks the halls of Sunnydale High and proceeds down to the basement where she finds Spike acting insanely. He talks to Willow about the dead body, but also carries on a conversation with someone else in the room Willow cannot see. Buffy and Xander maneuver through the basement and find Spike seemingly talking to himself. Buffy and Xander try to get information from him, but Spike is simultaneously conversing with Willow, so his words make little sense. Spike suspects they cannot see each other and that Willow is responsible for it. Buffy and Xander interpret some of Spike's comments to mean that he knows about Willow and they suspect she might have something to do with Spike's unstable condition.

Willow goes to Anya at her apartment for help in finding the demon that skinned the man at the construction site. Anya helps Willow cast a spell to locate demons all over Sunnydale, but is unable to teleport Willow to one particular location to a cave just outside the town, due to punishment for her recently undoing a spell; she also admits to Willow that she is feeling pressured and traumatized by her newfound vengeance work. Willow then decides to take the long way and walk to the cave herself, but when Anya suggests trying another spell to find Buffy, Xander and Dawn, Willow admits she has tried to do so, only to have it backfire on her. At the Summers house, Dawn researches demons that skin people via the computer and finds a demon that meets their specifications named Gnarl. The demon paralyzes his victims with his nails, and then eats strips of skin from the body and drinks the blood.

Realizing they need to search for a trail of blood, Buffy decides to recruit Spike to smell the way. He leads them to a cave where the demon can be found. Willow is already there investigating the cave and Gnarl spots her. The rest of the gang enters the cave as well, but they do not see Willow. The demon scratches Dawn's stomach and paralyzes her. Buffy and Xander take Dawn out of the cave and cover up the entrance, unintentionally trapping Willow with Gnarl. Stuck in the cave, Willow listens to the demon taunt her from the shadows. He slices her abdomen with a nail and, thus paralyzed, Willow is helpless against him as he sucks at the wound and starts to slice away slivers of her skin to eat.

Buffy and Xander carry a completely paralyzed Dawn into the living room while Buffy researches Gnarl and the way to save Dawn. Anya is called to stay with Dawn while they prepare to return to the cave to kill the demon and save Dawn. Anya talks about seeing Willow and reveals that Willow may be at the cave and that she knows about Gnarl. Panicked that Willow is trapped in the cave with Gnarl, Buffy grabs Anya to join them at the cave. Gnarl continues to eat Willow's skin as he tells her that her friends have abandoned her and she is all alone for him to eat. Buffy arrives and attacks Gnarl while Anya tends to a badly injured Willow who still cannot see her friends. While Buffy fights Gnarl, Anya informs Willow that her friends did not leave her alone.

Buffy gouges out the demon's eyes with her thumbs, successfully killing him and ending the paralysis of both Willow and Dawn, as well as the spell making Willow and her friends invisible to each other. Willow is relieved to see her friends and glad that they did not abandon her.

In the morning, Willow meditates and uses magic from the earth to re-grow the skin she lost. Buffy stops by and talks with Willow. Willow reveals that her fear of seeing her friends and their judgment of her led to the invisibility problem from which they all were suffering. Buffy confesses that she briefly suspected Willow of the grotesque killing, but Willow does not blame her for that. Willow struggles to start meditating again, so Buffy offers her Slayer strength to her friend and joins in the meditation.

Cultural references
The website Women at Warp compares the mutual-invisibility situation with the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Next Phase." "When LaForge and Ro end up out of phase with their timeline, they walk around witnessing normal life happening all around them, no one able to see or hear their cries for help. Following her stint in "magic rehab," Willow returns to Sunnydale out of phase with everyone else around her. In this scenario, however, it's not just that Willow's friends don't see her—she can't see them either. While the mechanics may differ, the internal struggle is the same as each character grapples with what it's like to be forgotten."

Arc significance
Anya's advice to Buffy when she's fighting Gnarl, "Get him in the eyes," is a flashforward to "Dirty Girls," when Caleb gouges out Xander's eye.

Reception
A.V. Club said the episode, "does a fine job of doubling back when necessary to show how all the characters are sharing spaces without realizing it."

title: Same Time, Same Place


text:
R293 road (Ireland)

The R293 road is a regional road in Ireland linking the N17, via a junction in the townland of Ballinabole near Collooney in County Sligo, to the outskirts of Ballyhaunis in County Mayo. En route it passes through three towns, Ballymote and Gorteen in County Sligo and Ballaghaderreen in County Roscommon. The road is 55 km long ( map ).

The government legislation that defines the R293, the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 (Statutory Instrument 54 of 2012), provides the following official description:

Ballynaboll, County Sligo — Ballaghaderreen, County Roscommon — Ballyhaunis, County Mayo

Between its junction with N17 at Ballynaboll in the county of Sligo and its junction with N5 at Market Square Ballaghaderreen in the county of Roscommon via Carrowcushcly; Teeling Street, Lord Edward Street and OConnell Street at Ballymote; Coagh, Gorteen and Doon in the county of Sligo: Drumacoo; and Pound Street at Ballaghaderreen in the county of Roscommon

and

between its junction with N5 at Market Street Ballaghaderreen and its junction with R325 at Crunaun via Main Street at Ballaghaderreen all in the county of Roscommon

and

between its junction with R325 at Kiltybranks in the county of Roscommon and its junction with N83 at Kilmannin in the county of Mayo via Lisacul, Meelick and Tully in the county of Roscommon: and Gorteen in the county of Mayo.

title: R293 road (Ireland)


text:
Talk:Same Time, Same Place

Untitled
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________________________________________________________

Why is this still a stub? Masssiveego 06:54, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Buffy703.jpg
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title: Talk:Same Time, Same Place


text: User talk:203.197.238.213

title: User talk:203.197.238.213


text:
Cleanin' Out My Closet

"Cleanin' Out My Closet" is a song by American rapper Eminem from his album The Eminem Show (2002). "Cleanin' Out My Closet" was the second single released off the album following "Without Me" on July 29, 2002. Unlike the preceding single which was as his humorous Slim Shady persona, "Cleanin' Out My Closet" was a serious song inspired by the events of Eminem's childhood and relationships. It depicts Eminem venting his anger towards his mother, Debbie Mathers, for the way she raised him. In the chorus, Eminem sarcastically apologizes to his mother for hurting her and making her cry, but takes it back by showing the world what his mother, according to him, was like.

It became the second top-ten single from the album, reaching number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and one of the highest-charting singles of his career. It was certified Platinum in Australia. "Cleanin' Out My Closet" was also used in the initial theatrical trailer to Eminem's R-rated film 8 Mile, released on November 8, 2002, but was not included on the film's soundtrack.

Background
"Cleanin' Out My Closet" was the second song Eminem wrote for the album. The instrumental for "Cleanin' Out My Closet" was created by Eminem during the making of D12's debut studio album, Devil's Night. According to group member Kuniva, Bizarre was on the song first, but was talking "crazy" on the record and was encouraged to tone it down. Despite receiving the approval of Dr. Dre, Bizarre decided to pass on the record, and Eminem picked it up from there: "The whole group was like 'Yo, you can't say this shit. It's too much.' So, he got a call from Dr. Dre. And Dre was like 'Say that shit, man. You gotta say it.' [...] He ultimately gave into the group and was like 'You know what? Fuck it, man.'"

Composition
"Cleanin' Out My Closet" is a hip hop and rap rock song written and produced by Eminem and Jeff Bass, the latter of whom provided the guitars, bass, and keyboards. The song's drum programming was handled by DJ Head. At the beginning of the song, after the music begins to play, Eminem asks "Where's my snare? I have no snare in my headphones." Eminem explained that this actually happened; the recording engineer had muted the snare drums in his headphones during the recording of the song. During the editing process, Eminem chose to leave it in.

In the song's first verse, Eminem criticizes his mother. The second verse then moves on to how his father abandoned him and his mother did drugs. At the start of the third verse, Eminem states that his comments regarding his mother are not made for the sake of public attention.

Critical reception
AllMusic highlighted this song. David Browne was lukewarm: "The unhealed scars of his childhood are pored over in Cleanin' Out My Closet: In the chorus, he apologizes for making his mama cry, but in the verses, he lashes out at her (you selfish bitch) and vows to be a better dad than his own absentee father (I wonder if he even kissed me goodbye). The song is both fragile and furious, and the syncopated music-box arrangement matches it in tension." J-23 was positive: "Cleanin' Out My Closet" features the album's most personal rhymes as he lets us know just how he feels about his parents. His third verse, dealing with his mother, is truly something to behold." NME also praised the single: "Cleanin' Out My Closet", a stunning outpouring of grief-stricken anger against his mother." RapReviews agreed: "The jokes don't last very long though, because Eminem's next song "Cleanin' Out My Closet" is a direct attack on his mother for not really being one." Rolling Stone praised the song's production: "Cleanin' Out My Closet" feature electric-guitar rhythms fraternizing with hip-hop-sensible drum patterns" and he noted that his (Eminem's) relationship with his estranged mother creates "Cleanin' Out My Closet," possibly the record's most powerful moment."

Personnel
All personnel taken from Tidal

 * Eminem - vocals
 * Jeff Bass - bass guitar, guitar, keyboards
 * DJ Head - drum programming
 * Ross Halfin - Cover Photography

Remixes and mashups
Two remixes of the song feature as European bonus tracks on the Straight from the Lab mixtape later released as a compilation: a Drum and bass remix (which was produced by DJ Green Lantern) and a remix combining the song with "God is a Girl" by Groove Coverage entitled "(God Is) Cleanin' Out My Closet."

In the mashup video "Atomic Closet" (a fusion of Eminem's original "Cleaning Out My Closet" and Blondie's "Atomic"), Blondie's hit was heavily sampled as the background song, with Eminem rapping throughout. The video was directed by Dr. Dre and Philip Atwell.

The B side "Stimulate" appears on the deluxe edition bonus disc of the soundtrack Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture 8 Mile, and also appears on Straight from the Lab.

The song was mashed up with "Hotel California" by The Eagles, which appears on DJ Vlad and Roc Raida's mashup mixtape, Rock Phenomenon.

Jon Connor's 2012 mixtape The People's Rapper LP included a remix of the song, as well as other Eminem remixes.

Cover versions
In October 2012, New York City hip hop artist Angel Haze released a reworked version of "Cleanin' Out My Closet" using their own lyrics, in which they graphically recount their experience with child sexual abuse.

Apology song
Eminem's 2013 album, The Marshall Mathers LP 2, featured a song titled "Headlights" which serves as an apology to Eminem's mother for things he said about her in his songs, "Cleanin’ Out My Closet" being the only song mentioned by name. The music video, directed by Academy Award-winning director Spike Lee, shows Eminem's rise to fame through his mother's eyes. In the song, Eminem says he no longer plays "Cleanin’ Out my Closet" at shows - with the song last being played at Leeds Festival in England on 25th August 2013 - and says he cringes every time he hears it on the radio.

Track listing

 * Digital download

 * UK CD single

 * UK Cassette

 * UK DVD

 * German CD single

 * German CD single

 * Maxi #1 International Version

title: Cleanin' Out My Closet


text:
Talk:Chiron

Comments
Chiron appears in Goethes Faust as well, where he showns Faust the route to Helena

 * You should tell us researchers at least where its located: that makes us feel very bad: (anonymous)
 * As you wish: done! --Wetman 06:08, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Please, provide pronunciation help for words that are foreign or new to many..

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Saltlakejohn (talk • contribs) 16:51, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
 * "Chiron is the alias of the founder and copyright holder of "Chiron's Forex Trading Strategy""
 * Is there a reference for this statement? --Gar2chan 02:15, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

"He had the gift of guiding his pupils to uncovering their highest potential..." Uh-oh. This doesn't have the authentic ring of mythological thinking. In fact it bears the distinct stamp of career counselling in an American high school. Some text that echoed or at least directly reflected Greek and Roman sources would make a start towards improvement. Ruck and Staples? J.E. Harrison? Anyone? --Wetman 09:23, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Telamon has been added to the list of Chiron's pupils by an anonymous editor. Can anyone provide the text that links Chiron and Telamon? --Wetman 08:20, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

The Centaur of Delta Lambda Phi has no name; he is based upon Chiron, but it not Chiron. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 22warrior (talk • contribs) 02:47, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2060_Chiron -rudyard (talk) 06:55, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Unsourced essay
I have moved the following unsourced personal essay here: there seems no need to counter it point by point--Wetman (talk) 00:32, 21 July 2008 (UTC):
 * A likely prototype of the figure of Chiron was the mythic hero Enkidu who appears in both the Sumerian and Akkadian versions of the Gilgamesh Epic as a a mentor of the hero Gilgamesh (see A. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic p. 143). Enkidu, like Chiron, was a mixed being, part man and part bull. He can be identified on the basis of a representation on a gold beaker from the site of modern Hasanlu in western Iran with the constellation of Centaurus, His role as a figure in the realm of the dead fits well with the location of Centaurus in the extreme southern sky from a Mesopotamian perspective.

Insignificant Trivia
Wikipedia is a tertiary source. This means that Wikipedia is a catalogue of secondary sources and is not a venue for original search. This means that - in principle - everything included in Wikipedia should be tied to a secondary source and sourced. Everything without a source is subject to deletion without cause. No factoid is innocent until proven guilty. If it doesn't have a source it should be gone. This allows us the luxury of having less stuff with more confidence it is right rather than more stuff where we have no idea what is right or what is wrong. Some things may be allowed to remain unsourced as a courtesy. On top of this, the requirement of the existence of a secondary source ensures significance. If no writer of any secondary source out there has bothered to mention a factoid, it is probably insignificant and not worthy of inclusion. The more insignificant nonsense that gets included, the harder a reader has to work to get significant information out of an article.

In fact, you will notice that truth is not a sufficient condition for inclusion. It is truth as evidence by a secondary source. Typically truth not evidenced by a secondary source is original research, and thus does not merit inclusion. It may be true that in some book the character Joe Bob was nicknamed "Grendel", and you know this is true because you read the book, but this is original research since you are not using a secondary source.Ekwos (talk) 03:38, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

Dates needed for photographs
The photographs of amphorae need a date for the object depicted in order to give it a proper time period. If the editor who included the photographs could help with this, then it would be much appreciated. Thanks 78.146.132.102 Classics (talk) 08:28, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Unsourced legends
The articles says "In other legends, it was Proteus who helped Peleus". Which legends are those?

ICE77 (talk) 06:03, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

Constellation
LSJ has an entry for "Χείρων", but does not say it was also the name of a constellation. Latin Chiro or Chiron is a poetic name for a constellation. Source: Lewis & Short, entry "Chīron", quote: "As a constellation, Luc. 9, 536.". But the dictionary as well as other dictionaries do not identify it with any constellation. In Luc. it is: "par Geminis Chiron, et idem, quod Carcinos ardens, / umidus Aegoceros nec plus Leo tollitur Vrna." I don't know if one can identify Chiro/Chiron with any constellation here.

This work states: "We have already noticed the confusion in the myths and titles of this zodiacal Centaur with those of the southern Centaur, some thinking Sagittarius the Χείρων of the Greeks,--Chiron with Hyginus and the Romans; although Eratosthenes and others, as did the modern Ideler, understood this name to refer to the Centaur proper. Ovid's Centaurus, however, and Milton's Centaur are the zodiac figure, as had been the case with sme later poets[.]"

So the article should include some more information and sources than just as "Chiron [...] was honored with a place in the sky, identified by the Greeks as the constellation Centaurus". -Poskim (talk) 21:12, 3 August 2016 (UTC)

Immortality and death
If Chiron was immortal, how could he die because from an arrow poisoned with the blood of the Hydra? It's not clear if the poison was so powerful to even kill immortals, which doesn't make a lot of sense to me, or if Chiron gave up his immortality first to save Prometheus and then got hit by the arrow and died poisoned as a result.

ICE77 (talk) 09:27, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

Deleting "In popular culture" section
Unless someone objects to it within the next twelve hours or so, I will go ahead and delete the "In popular culture" section for this article. The following are my reasons for doing so:
 * 1. It does not contain a single citation.
 * 2. All of the information contained in it is completely irrelevant to the main subject of the article.
 * 3. It very clearly qualifies as original research.
 * 4. There seem to have been major complaints about it for quite a long time now, none of which have yet been sorted out. --Katolophyromai (talk) 19:59, 11 March 2017 (UTC)

Theseus
This article identifies, in two places, Theseus as one of the pupils of Chiron. In both places it is unsourced. Such an episode is not mentioned in our article Theseus and seems inconsistent with Theseus having been brought up by his grandfather Pittheus in Troezen until he went to Athens as a young man. It also makes it unlikely that he and Pirithous, who had been a pupil of Chiron, were strangers when they met as adults. I think the name of Theseus should be removed. Comments? -- MelanieN (talk) 18:26, 31 May 2019 (UTC)

Etymology
According to the English Wiktionary, related to κακός (kakós, “bad, evil”). Does someone know a source for this? What could be the reason for this etymology or, more logically, does this indicate he wasn't originally a positive figure? According to the Greek Wiktionary, from χείρ (kheír, "hand"). --Espoo (talk) 15:52, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

"kakós" is Latinized as Cacus, the name of enemy of Hercules from Roman mythology. Were the two figures confused? Dimadick (talk) 16:27, 27 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I do not have a reference on hand at the moment, but the etymology given on the English Wiktionary claiming that Χείρων is derived from κακός sounds extremely implausible to me to say the least. The two words do not even have a single letter in common. The etymology from the Greek Wiktionary sounds much more plausible and it appears to be the etymology that is given in this article, although there is no source cited for it. —Katolophyromai (talk) 00:01, 29 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The English Wiktionary entry has been updated, and a source added that speculates through evidence from comparative religion that it refers to the centaur having a healing hand. Arlo James Barnes 18:03, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

Joke
I'm going to put this here even though I know it's off-topic: In Greek mythology, Chiron was a half-horse, half-man, known for his knowledge and skill with medicine. He was the Centaur for Disease Control. --Rpresser 18:27, 5 August 2020 (UTC)

Category removal?
, why were two of the categories removed? Both can be verified from sourced statements in the article itself. Deiadameian (talk) 21:59, 25 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I blundered and used rollback when I should have just done an undo on the LGBTQ cat. I restored Apollo. I did a quick skim of the article for something that could support the LGBTQ cat, but saw nothing, and presumed it was not a serious categorization. Eric talk 00:13, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
 * For LGBT, in the "Students" paragraph:
 * According to Ptolemy Hephaestion (probably the same as Ptolemaeus Chennus), a writer and playwright whose works are now lost, Chiron was also the mentor of the god Dionysus (who became the centaur's eromenos, and learned from him chants and dances)
 * And it felt weird to me, because the "Consorts of Dionysus" category was not removed, which was based on the same statement. As for the "Deeds of Apollo" category which was also removed, I believe it is indisputable, as Apollo found and raised Chiron, so it definitely counts as a deed of Apollo. Deiadameian (talk) 08:47, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Ah, eromenos was not in my vocabulary til this morning. But if we use this as a criterion for tagging the article for "LGBT themes--for something that is such a minor aspect of this article--would we not by the same token be compelled to tag all articles that mention or imply any heterosexual liaison with a "Heterosexual themes" cat? I must admit I probably tend to question many WP categorizations. Eric talk 13:28, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

 * All other LBGT characters of Greek myth have this category. So yes. Deiadameian (talk) 19:18, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, I've never been one to perpetuate something here merely because it has become a habit among other editors. In cases like this, I tend to send up a flare and try to get other editors to re-think the habit. I'll stand back and you can re-add the cat if you really think it is appropriate and helpful. Eric talk 01:30, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chiron


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Lorraine Franconian

Lorraine Franconian (Lorraine Franconian: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; francique lorrain or platt lorrain; Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).

Description
The term Lorraine Franconian has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the Moselle Franconian dialect spoken in the valley of the river Nied (in Pays de Nied, whose largest town is Boulay-Moselle), to distinguish it from the other two Franconian dialects spoken in Lorraine, Luxembourgish to the west and Rhine Franconian to the east.

The German term Lothringisch refers to Rhine Franconian spoken in Lorraine.

In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in Moselle and 41,795 speakers in Meurthe.

In part due to the ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of Lorraine Franconian speakers in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000 to 400,000 (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after Occitan and Alsatian).

The most reliable data comes from the Enquête famille carried out by INSEE (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 census, but it gives a somewhat indirect picture of the current situation (see Languages in France for discussion of this survey). About 78,000 people were reported to speak Lorraine Franconian, but fewer than 50,000 passed basic knowledge of the language on to their children. Another statistic illustrating the same point is that of all adult men who used Franconian regularly when they were 5, less than 30% use (or used) the language regularly with their own children.

title: Lorraine Franconian


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User:Bobg1756

Articles:

 * Railway Systems engineering
 * Langley Mill Pottery

My Sandbox

title: User:Bobg1756


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User:Malcolma

Occupying myself adding new entries to the world of vanished makes of cars - and trying to reduce the list in auto stubs.

title: User:Malcolma


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The End of Ideology

The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties is a collection of essays published in 1960 (New York, 2nd ed. 1962) by Daniel Bell, who described himself as a "socialist in economics, a liberal in politics, and a conservative in culture." He suggests that the older, grand-humanistic ideologies derived from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had been exhausted and that new, more parochial ideologies would soon arise. He argues that political ideology has become irrelevant among "sensible" people and that the polity of the future would be driven by piecemeal technological adjustments of the extant system. With the rise of affluent welfare states and institutionalized bargaining between different groups, Bell maintains, revolutionary movements which aim to overthrow liberal democracy will no longer be able to attract the working classes.

Theory
There is a 1930s literature derived from debates about the continued relevance of the Marxist scheme of class-generated ideologies, even in the less reductionist version set forth in most of Karl Mannheim's "Ideology and Utopia." However, his essay on "Utopia" does envision a loss of both utopian and ideological vision. Fascism rather than communism initially posed the question, insofar as the simplification of Fascism as "ideology" of the capitalist class lost credibility.

One current of thought took up the theme of "mass society" and contended that the modes of control and resistance both had little to do with the ideology concept (Emil Lederer, "The State of Mass Society"). Although much of this was conjoined with conservative arguments about the "revolt of the masses," there was also a current that looked to pragmatic problem solving where Fascism (and increasingly Communism) could be resisted or contained. Mannheim's "planning" writings ambiguously fostered this trend. Daniel Bell belonged to the next generation, when ideas about the institutionalisation of intelligence in ordinary democratic political processes became more sophisticated, as in the work of "pluralist" political theorists like David Truman, Robert Dahl and Daniel Bell. Technocratic notions at home on the Right played little part.

title: The End of Ideology


text: User talk:69.34.130.27

title: User talk:69.34.130.27


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Talk:Open Shortest Path First

Transit area
I suggest adding a "transit" area description. Actually the OSPF areas are either transit or stubby (not mentioning the fancy types building on these elementary types). A backbone is a special case of a transit area. Other areas may be transit as well and they can also import external routes via LSA-5. Also I think it would be nice to describe the basic LSA types and the states of routers when creating neighborhood/adjacencies. I can try to provide this content it the maintainer agrees to :) Paluchpeter 00:18, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I have reordered Open Shortest Path First and mentioned that the backbone area is a special type of transit area. ~Kvng (talk) 17:00, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

Designated Router section
The line that read "All routers in an area will form a slave/master relationship with the DR." is incorrect. Should read "All routers in a multi-access network segment will form a slave/master relationship with the DR.". Adjacencies between DR/BDR and other routers is within a local link, within a single broadcast or NBMA segment, not within an entire OSPF area. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Russell DeLong (talk • contribs) 04:24, 11 September 2011

Routing metrics, add N1 & N2 types?
From what I heard, there are also the two types N1 & N2. If the area the router is located in is a not so stubby area or a totally not so stubby area, having a ASBR, those external routes have a different precedens from external routes through ASBRs in other areas. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.255.103.210 (talk) 10:26, 27 March 2017 (UTC)

OSPFv3 Authentication
The article currently states "OSPFv3, running on IPv6, does not support protocol-internal authentication. Instead, it relies on IPv6 protocol security (IPsec)" however RFC7166 (March 2014) adds support for an authentication system analogous to that on OSPFv2. The RFC as a justification states that IPsec is difficult to configure and maintain in some environments which it later refers to as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.

ABR and LSDB
Is the following sentence correct: "An ABR keeps multiple copies of the link-state database in memory, one for each area to which that router is connected."?

I'd rather say: "An ABR maintains multiple link-state databases in memory, one for each area to which that router is connected."

Using the term "copies" implies similar or identical databases, which is IMHO not the case.

I'm no OSPF expert, though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lamusiqueduhasard (talk • contribs) 09:02, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

 * I've changed "copies" to "instances" as that is the intention. Thx! --Zac67 (talk) 10:42, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Open Shortest Path First


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Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain

Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain (23 October 1895 – 29 December 1966) was a British neurologist. He was principal author of the standard work on neurology, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, and longtime editor of the neurological medical journal titled Brain. He is also eponymised with "Brain's reflex", a reflex exhibited by humans when assuming the quadrupedal position.

Career
Brain was educated at Mill Hill School and New College, Oxford, where he began to read history, but disliked it. The First World War having begun in 1914, the following year he joined the Friends' Ambulance Unit as an alternative to volunteering for combat, and was sent to York, moving later to the King George Hospital in London, attached to the X-ray department. On the introduction of conscription in 1916, his work enabled him to be exempted as a conscientious objector.

After the war he returned to New College, and studied medicine, obtaining his BM BCh in 1922 and a DM in 1925; he specialised in neurology. Apart from his clinical practice, he was a member of a large number of government committees pertaining to physical and mental health, and was involved in the care of Winston Churchill on the latter's deathbed in 1965.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1931 and was president of that college from 1950 to 1956.

He was knighted in 1952, made a baronet on 29 June 1954, and on 26 January 1962, was created Baron Brain, of Eynsham in the County of Oxford. In March 1964, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.

In 1964, he gave the presidential address (Science and Behaviour) to the British Association meeting in Southampton. In this address he discussed how humanity was approaching the anthropocene and he reiterated Alfred North Whitehead's warning that "A muddled state of mind is prevalent. The increased plasticity of the environment for mankind, resulting from the advances in scientific technology, is being construed in terms of habits of thought which find their justification in the theory of a fixed environment."

Family
He married Stella Langdon-Down and had two sons, Christopher (1926-2014) and Michael Cottrell Brain (b. 1928) and one daughter, Janet Stella Brain (b. 1931). Janet went on to marry Dr. Leonard Arthur. Christopher Langdon Brain succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Brain. Upon the 2nd Baron's death in 2014, his brother, Michael, succeeded as 3rd Baron Brain.

Religious beliefs
He became a Quaker in 1931 and gave the Swarthmore Lecture in 1944, 'Man, society and religion', in which he stressed the importance of a social conscience.

title: Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain


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Naumkeag

Naumkeag is the former country estate of noted New York City lawyer Joseph Hodges Choate and Caroline Dutcher Sterling Choate, located at 5 Prospect Hill Road, Stockbridge, Massachusetts. The estate's centerpiece is a 44-room, Shingle Style country house designed principally by Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White, and constructed in 1885 and 1886.

The estate is noted for its large gardens, which were designed in the mid-20th century by noted landscape designer Fletcher Steele in conjunction with Mabel Choate. A National Historic Landmark District, Naumkeag is now owned by The Trustees of Reservations, who operate it as a nonprofit museum.

Description
Naumkeag was designed by architect Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White in 1885 as the summer estate for Joseph Hodges Choate (1832–1917), a prominent New York City attorney and American ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1899 to 1905, and his wife Caroline Dutcher Sterling Choate, an artist and advocate for women's education. Naumkeag was later the residence of his daughter Mabel.

The house is built in the Shingle Style with a wood-shingled exterior featuring brick and stone towers, prominent gables and large porch, and interiors with fine woodwork. It contains the Choate family's furniture, Chinese porcelain, and artwork collected from America, Europe, and the Far East.

The house sits within 8 acre of terraced gardens (including The Rose Garden, The Afternoon Garden, and The Chinese Garden) and landscaped grounds surrounded by 40 acre of woodland, meadow, and pasture. Its grounds were first designed in the late 1880s by Nathan Franklin Barrett, then replanned and expanded between 1926 and 1956 by the noted landscape designer Fletcher Steele. Barrett's original designs included two terraces, perennial beds (now the Chinese Garden), and an evergreen topiary. Steele's additions include the Afternoon Garden (1926); arguably his most famous design, the Blue Steps (1938); and the Chinese Garden (1936–1955).

History
Colonial settlement of the Prospect Hill section of Stockbridge began with the town's founding as a Native American mission community in the 1730s. The future site of Naumkeag was probably acquired by New York lawyer David Dudley Field in the 1870s, and purchased by Joseph Hodges Choate in 1884. Choate's family had vacationed in Stockbridge (where Choate's law partners also summered), and had picnicked on the property. Choate persuaded Field (whom he had opposed in the Boss Tweed legal cases) to part with 40 acre on the south side of the hill.

Choate was a longtime friend of architect Charles McKim, but most of the architectural design work was done by McKim's partner Stanford White. Although design work began shortly after the purchase, construction was delayed by the death of Choate's son. The house was completed in 1886 at a cost of about $35,000. White was also instrumental in providing the decorations and furnishings of the house, traveling to Europe with the Choates for the purpose.

The house underwent a variety of alterations and additions, some guided by architects George de Gersdorff (Joe Choate's nephew) and Charles Platt. The library was expanded in 1897, enclosing a space that had once served as a south-facing porch. The number of bathrooms was raised from three to nine in the early years of the 20th century. These changes, which included the addition of a porch to the master bedroom, necessitated the addition of a dormer on the third floor and a number of new windows. During the period of Mabel Choate's ownership only modest changes were made.

Joseph Choate first offered the landscape design to Frederick Law Olmsted, but rejected his proposal to place the house halfway down the hill, where a favorite oak tree was located. The landscaping contract was instead given to Nathan Barrett, a self-taught designer then best known for his municipal work. Barrett's vision of the landscape was implemented between 1884 and 1894. His design included formal flower gardens near the house, and had a broad meadow slope down the hill, with an orchard. Choate commissioned White's friend and sculptor Frederick MacMonnies to produce a work; the result was Young Faun with Heron.

Between 1895 and 1925 minor changes were made to the gardens under the guidance of Percival Gallagher and Marian Coffin. Design decisions in the later years were dominated by Choate's daughter Mabel, especially after Joseph Choate's death in 1917. Mable Choate was a "preservationist, horticulturist, traveler, and collector of art." Mabel acquired full control of the estate after her mother's death in 1929. Mabel Choate began her long and fruitful collaboration with designer Fletcher Steele in 1926. Upon her death in 1958 the estate was bequeathed to the Trustees of Reservations, to be "an authentic representation of the times and manner of living which it now [1958] reflects." Of the approximately 700 gardens designed by Fletcher Steele, the Naumkeag garden is one of only two that now exist and the only one which is open to the public.

Naumkeag's main house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975; the listing was expanded and the entire estate was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2007. Its designation was made for the architecture and content of the house, which are well-preserved examples of a Gilded Age country estate, and for the innovative landscape design work of Fletcher Steele.

title: Naumkeag


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Planet (locomotive)

Planet was an early steam locomotive built in 1830 by Robert Stephenson and Company for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

History
The ninth locomotive built for the L&MR, it was Stephenson's next major design change after the Rocket. It was the first locomotive to employ inside cylinders, and subsequently the 2-2-0 type became known as Planets. On 23 November 1830 No.9 Planet ran the approximately 50 km from Liverpool to Manchester in one hour.

It only lasted in service about ten years; having been rebuilt in 1833, it was withdrawn circa 1840–1841.

Planet-type locomotives
Six further of the type were ordered by the L&MR from Robert Stephenson & Co. Three more were supplied by Murray & Wood in Leeds, to whom Robert Stephenson & Co. had sent the drawings for their manufacture.

The Planet (from 1830) and the Patentee (from 1834, also designed by Stephenson) were the first locomotive types to be built in large numbers.

Improvements
The Planet locomotives appear closer to subsequent types, and conversely look quite different from Rocket although only a year separated these two designs (Stephenson's Northumbrian representing an intermediate evolutionary step).

Other improvements include:

 * a steam dome to prevent water reaching the cylinders.
 * buffers and couplings in a position setting a new standard.

Replica
A working replica was built in 1992 by the Friends of the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester, and is operated by volunteers to provide rides for visitors. When not in steam the locomotive is on display in the museum's Power Hall. Planet has visited several other Heritage railways including Shildon Locomotion Museum.

The replica was used as an on-screen stand-in for itself in an episode of the ITV/PBS television series Victoria.

Later engines named Planet
Planet having been retired before the London and North Western Railway acquired the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the name was absent from the LNWR list until 1866 when Samson class 2-4-0 no. 935 was named Planet. The name (and number) were passed to that locomotive's replacement in 1893, a Waterloo class 2-4-0. That locomotive lasted until 1909, but then remained unused for four years until a George the Fifth class 4-4-0 no. 2197 received the name. This locomotive was withdrawn in 1935.

LMS Royal Scot Class 4-6-0 locomotive 6131 was originally named Planet when built in 1928, but in 1936 was renamed The Royal Warwickshire Regiment. In 1948, the name was applied to LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class No. 45545. British Railways Class 86 86218 carried the name Planet from 1979 to 1993.

title: Planet (locomotive)


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Category:2-2-0 locomotives

Locomotives with 2-2-0 wheel arrangement in Whyte notation This is equivalent to 1A in both the AAR and UIC classifications.

title: Category:2-2-0 locomotives


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R296 road (Ireland)

The R296 road is a regional road in County Sligo, Ireland that runs from Ballymote to Quarryfield where it merges into R294 road from Gorteen to Tobercurry.

It is the most direct route from Ballymote to Tobercurry.

title: R296 road (Ireland)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Advanced Messenger Program

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:13, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Advanced Messenger Program
It fails google test for significance (or even existence), original site is dead, not enough info for an article, non-verifible. akaDruid 10:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per akaDruid and also remove from Amp disambig -Harmil 11:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Harmil. Dcarrano 13:25, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's just Neologism. -- Consumed Crustacean | Talk | 15:08, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
File:Crossley logo.jpg

Summary
The artwork for this image was derived from the Crossley Motors symbol used on their publications. It is very similar to the radiator badge except that did not include the script. The background colour changed to black in the 1930's.

title: File:Crossley logo.jpg