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Can't Stop the Music

Can't Stop the Music is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by Nancy Walker in her only directed featured film. Written by Allan Carr and Bronté Woodard, the film is a pseudo-biography of the 1970s disco group the Village People loosely based on the actual story of how the group formed. The film also stars Valerie Perrine, Caitlyn Jenner in her film debut, Steve Guttenberg, Paul Sand, Tammy Grimes, June Havoc, Barbara Rush, Altovise Davis, Marilyn Sokol and The Ritchie Family in their only film.

Produced by Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment (formerly EMI Films), distributed by independent distributor Associated Film Distribution (AFD), the film was released after disco's peak. It received largely negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb. Alongside Xanadu, Can't Stop the Music is known for inspiring the creation of the Golden Raspberry Awards, winning the first Razzies for Worst Picture and Worst Screenplay.

Plot
Songwriter Jack Morell—a reference to Village People creator Jacques Morali—gets a break DJing at local disco Saddle Tramps. His roommate, Samantha "Sam" Simpson, is a supermodel newly retired at the peak of her success. She sees the response to a song that he wrote for her ("Samantha") and agrees to use her connections to get him a record deal. Her connection is her ex-boyfriend Steve Waits, president of Marrakech Records—a reference to Village People record label Casablanca Records—who is more interested in rekindling their romantic relationship than in Jack's music (and more interested in taking business calls than in wooing Samantha), but agrees to listen to a demo.

Deeming Jack's vocals as inadequate, Sam recruits neighbor and Saddle Tramps waiter/go-go boy Felipe Rose (the Indian), fellow model David "Scar" Hodo (the construction worker, who daydreams of stardom in the solo number "I Love You to Death"), and finds Randy Jones (the cowboy) on the streets of Greenwich Village, offering dinner in return for their participation. Meanwhile, Sam's former agent, Sydney Channing, orders Girl Friday Lulu Brecht to attend, hoping to lure back the star. Ron White, a lawyer from St. Louis, is mugged by an elderly woman on his way to deliver a cake that Sam's sister sent and arrives disconcerted. Brecht gives Jack drugs, which unnerves him when her friend Alicia Edwards brings singing cop Ray Simpson (the policeman), but Jack records the quartet on "Magic Night". Ron, pawed all night by the man-hungry Brecht, is overwhelmed by the culture shock of it all and leaves.

The next day, Sam runs into Ron, who apologizes, proffers the excuse that he is a Gemini and follows her home. Spilling leftover lasagna on himself, Sam and Jack help him remove his trousers before Jack leaves and Sam and Ron spend the night. Newly interested in helping, Ron offers his Wall Street office to hold auditions. There, Glenn M. Hughes (the leatherman), climbs atop a piano for a rendition of "Danny Boy", and he and Alex Briley (the G.I.) join the group, now a sextet. They get their name from an offhand remark by Ron's socialite mother Norma. Ron's boss, Richard Montgomery, overwhelmed by the carnival atmosphere, insists that the firm not represent the group, and Ron quits.

Ron's new idea for rehearsal space is the YMCA (the ensuing production number "YMCA" features its athletic denizens in various states of undress; the film is one of the few non-R-rated offerings to feature full-frontal male nudity). The group cuts a demo ("Liberation") for Marrakech, but Steve sees limited appeal and Sam refuses his paltry contract. Reluctant to use her savings, they decide to self-finance by throwing a pay-party.

To bankroll the party, Sam acquiesces to Channing's plea to return for a TV advertising campaign for milk, provided the Village People are featured. The lavish number "Milkshake" begins as Sam pours milk for six little boys in the archetypal costumes with the promise that they will grow up to be the Village People. The advertisers want nothing to do with such a concept and refuse to broadcast the spot. Norma then steps in to invite the group to debut at her charity fundraiser in San Francisco. Sam lures Steve by promising a romantic weekend, but the inference that she would proceed with the seduction takes Ron aback, and Sam ends their romantic relationship. On his private jet, Steve prepares for a tryst, but rather Jack and his former chorine mother Helen arrive to negotiate a contract. Initially reluctant, Helen wins over Steve with her kreplach, and eventually they are negotiating the T-shirt merchandising for the Japanese market.

In the dressing room before the show, Ron, relieved to learn that Sam did not travel with Steve, proposes to her. At one point, Montgomery appears, seeking to rehire Ron as a junior partner representing the group. Following a set by The Ritchie Family ("Give Me a Break"), the Village People triumphantly debut ("Can't Stop the Music").

Cast

 * Steve Guttenberg as Jack Morell
 * Valerie Perrine as Samantha "Sam" Simpson
 * Caitlyn Jenner as Ron White
 * Paul Sand as Steve Waits
 * Tammy Grimes as Sydney Channing
 * Village People:
 * Alex Briley as Alex the G.I.
 * David Hodo as David the Construction Worker
 * Glenn Hughes as Glenn the Leatherman
 * Randy Jones as Randy the Cowboy
 * Felipe Rose as Felipe the Indian
 * Ray Simpson as Ray the Policeman
 * June Havoc as Helen Morell
 * Barbara Rush as Norma White
 * Altovise Davis as Alicia Edwards
 * Marilyn Sokol as Lulu Brecht
 * Russell Nype as Richard Montgomery
 * Jack Weston as Benny Murray
 * Leigh Taylor-Young as Claudia Walters
 * Dick Patterson as the Record store manager

Development
Originally titled Discoland... Where the Music Never Ends, Can't Stop the Music was a fictionalized account of the formation of the Village People. Allan Carr announced the film in June 1979, describing it as "Singing in the Rain for the disco crowd" and stating that the film would star the Village People, Valerie Perrine, Tammy Grimes, Chita Rivera, Barbara Rush, Pat Ast and Bruce Jenner. It was to be the first in a three picture slate from Carr, the others including Chicago and The Josephine Baker Story starring Diana Ross. Filming was to start on August 20 of that year and was financed by EMI, then under the aegis of Barry Spikings. When asked why EMI were making a film about disco so long after Saturday Night Fever, Spikings said, "I hope it is different. The film breaks new ground."

The film's director, Nancy Walker, a theater, film, and television star since the 1940s, had been nominated for two Tonys, four Golden Globes, and eight Emmys. Walker had guest starred as Rhoda's mother Ida Morgenstern in several episodes of The Mary Tyler Moore Show and continued that role in its spin-off Rhoda. After establishing the character, Walker directed some episodes of both series, along with episodes of other sitcoms. Can't Stop the Music was her lone effort at theatrical film direction, as after it, Walker returned to acting in television.

Casting
The film's supporting cast includes Tammy Grimes, Russell Nype, June Havoc, Altovise Davis, Jack Weston and Leigh Taylor-Young. Chita Rivera and Pat Ast were initially cast but dropped out of the film's production.

Can't Stop the Music was Caitlyn Jenner's film debut (as Bruce Jenner), after becoming famous for three world record-setting performances in the Decathlon, and a Gold medal win at the 1976 Olympic Games. Jenner's record stood from 1975 until shortly before this film's 1980 release. Jenner did not appear in another film until Adam Sandler's Jack and Jill (2011), which, like Can't Stop the Music, won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture. Carr said, "Jenner is going to be the Robert Redford of the 80s, and this film will do for Valerie what Carnal Knowledge did for Ann-Margret."

The Village People auditionees depicted in the film included Blackie Lawless (a member of the glam-punk group New York Dolls and heavy metal group W.A.S.P.) and James Marcel (who would later find greater success with the name James Wilder). Background dancers included Perri Lister, girlfriend of Billy Idol and mother to his son, and Peter Tramm, who would go on to appear in dozens of music videos and double for Kevin Bacon in Footloose.

Ray Simpson's role was originally intended for Victor Willis, the original lead singer of the Village People who left the group during pre-production of this film. Morali had hired Willis' then-wife, Phylicia Ayers-Allen, to portray his girlfriend. When Willis left the group, Ayers-Allen quit the movie and was replaced by Altovise Davis.

"This movie's a revolution," said Carr. "I mean this movie is launching whole new careers and we need new stars today. Warren and Ryan and Redford - these people are way over 40."

Carr had attempted to cast Olivia Newton-John in this film as Samantha, but after discussions between her producer, John Farrar, and Morali over who would write Newton-John's numbers, Newton-John instead signed on to play the lead in Xanadu. "It wasn't only money," said Carr, "it was creative control and other demands." Newton-John has said in interviews since, she didn't understand Carr's statement, since her only "demand" was that Farrar write two songs for her to sing in the film, which was the same "demand" she made in Grease.

Filming
The schedule of the film was 11 weeks: eight in Los Angeles, two in New York and one in San Francisco. A proposed week of filming on Fire Island was scrapped due to fear of the weather. Carr was coming off a massive worldwide hit with the pop musical Grease when shooting took place between May and July 1979 at the height of the disco craze. Carr took a hands-on role with the production, and personally directed and cast the male athlete extras for the "YMCA" musical sequence.

Shooting took place at MGM Studios in Culver City, California, with location shooting in New York City and San Francisco. Location shooting in New York was somewhat complicated by adjacent protests by gay activists over the William Friedkin film Cruising (starring Al Pacino), which was filming on location nearby. The two productions were mistaken for each other more than once, with protestors disrupting the Can't Stop the Music location shoots when they had intended to halt production of Cruising. A few weeks prior to release, Jenner and Perrine hosted a TV special, Allan Carr's Magic Night, to promote the film.

Tensions between Walker and Perrine rose on the set to the point that Walker would not be present for scenes featuring Perrine, leaving director of cinematography Bill Butler to direct in her place. Additionally, Perrine was reportedly unhappy that a dance number in which she performed was cut from the film.

Carr said he decided to change the title during filming because, as the music score included older ballads and Broadway numbers, it would be inaccurate to call it Discoland. However, the decision was made shortly after Disco Demolition Night, which effectively ended the popularity of the genre. During filming, sales for the Village People's albums started to decline and disco became increasingly unfashionable. "They'll still be hot," said Carr of the Village People. "If not I will resurrect them." Two of the band's three biggest hits, "In the Navy" and "Macho Man," do not appear in the film, though Perrine wears a T-shirt emblazoned with the words "Macho Woman" as she jogs through the men's locker room at the YMCA. Another reference to one of the band's songs, "San Francisco (You've Got Me)," appears in the opening credits, as Jack passes a group of three women with the words "San Francisco" printed on their T-shirts.

The band's silver and white costumes in the "Milkshake" sequence and red costumes in the finale sequences were designed by Theoni V. Aldredge.

Music

 * 1) "The Sound of the City" - David London
 * 2) "Samantha" - David London
 * 3) "I Love You to Death" - Village People
 * 4) "Sophistication" - The Ritchie Family
 * 5) "Give Me a Break" - The Ritchie Family
 * 6) "Liberation" - Village People
 * 7) "Magic Night" - Village People
 * 8) "Y.M.C.A." - Village People
 * 9) "Milkshake" - Village People
 * 10) "Can't Stop the Music" - Village People

Jack's song "Samantha" is credited in the film as being sung by David London, a pseudonym for rock singer Dennis "Fergie" Frederiksen, who was the lead singer for several popular rock bands during the 1980s whose biggest success came as one of the lead singers on TOTO's Isolation record released in 1984. London/Frederiksen also sings a second song on the soundtrack, "The Sound of the City".

While the film's soundtrack album contains the 10 songs from the film, the incidental score by Morali and Belolo was released on LP only in Australia. One of the songs in the film's background score is the instrumental backing track of "Like an Eagle," a hit song by another Casablanca Records artist, Dennis Parker.

Release
By the time of the film's release during the summer of 1980, the disco genre had not only peaked in the United States but also was experiencing a backlash there. As a result, the film received scathing reviews from critics and performed poorly at the box office. At a cost estimated at $20 million, the film was a colossal failure financially, bringing in only a tenth of that in gross revenue, and is considered one of the reasons for the downfall of AFD. "Our timing was wrong, and in this business, timing is everything," wrote Lew Grade, who invested in the movie. The soundtrack album was better received, and while it reached only No. 49 in the U.S. (the first Village People album not to go Gold), it reached No. 9 in the UK and No. 1 in Australia. The film itself also performed well in Australia, where the world premiere preview was shown at the Paramount Theatre, Sydney on June 1, 1980, with the after party held at Maxy's. The BBC bought the film for two showings for $3.5 million, which caused much controversy at the time, while ABC in America paid $6 million.

Carr's next film, Grease 2, brought in more than twice as much on its opening weekend as this film grossed in its entire run. Even though it was considered a failure, Grease 2 nearly made back its investment in its U.S. gross alone.

Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream sold a flavor called "Can't Stop the Nuts" as part of the promotion of the film.

Reception and legacy
Can't Stop the Music received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 22% based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 3.1/10. The New York Times gave the film a scathing review, calling it "thoroughly homogenized". Variety magazine felt likewise, writing "The Village People, along with ex-Olympic decathlon champion [Caitlyn] Jenner, have a long way to go in the acting stakes." Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert selected the film as one of their "dogs of the year" in a 1980 episode of Sneak Previews.

Rex Reed gave the film 3 (out of 4) stars, writing, "The big surprise is that Although Can't Stop the Music is certainly one of the silliest movies ever made, it is also a vibrant and uplifting musical whose energy succeeded in both confusing and entertaining me so completely that I'm not sure I can even begin to assess it rationally. All I can tell you is that it is worth seeing twice, and from me that is rare praise indeed."

Accolades
Can't Stop the Music was the first winner of the Worst Picture Golden Raspberry Award, for it was a double feature of this and Xanadu that inspired John J. B. Wilson to start the Razzies. The film is listed in Wilson's book The Official Razzie Movie Guide as one of "The 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made".

Home media
Can't Stop the Music was released on Region 1 DVD by Anchor Bay Entertainment, under license from StudioCanal on April 16, 2002. Shout Factory released a Blu-ray edition on June 11, 2019.

title: Can't Stop the Music


text:
Talk:Tokyo Rose

Popular Culture
Comment:Could someone please add performance piece Tokyo Rose by L.A.-based, Japan-born performance artist Rika Ohara in the “Popular Culture” section (because I obviously can’t)?

The multimedia dance performance piece juxtaposed Iva Toguri’s life and America’s late 20th-century “trade war with Japan”-era headlines, to highlight the history of the East-West relations through WWII and to the late 20th century.

The performance piece premiered in April 1993 at Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions: https://welcometolace.org/lace/rika-oharatokyo-rose/

Here is the IMDb for the video documentation (published 2013): https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt30027233/?ref_=nm_filmo_pastfilmvid_3

Here’s the YouTube documentation. YouTube had kept the whole video muted by mistake for 10 years. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QWsRMUzQRQ&t=29s

Thanks in advance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rika Ohara (talk • contribs) 18:36, 16 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Thank you! Rika Ohara (talk) 01:22, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
 * In fact, there must be a lot more in the culture at large about her... Ahoraho (talk) 16:05, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

Fonda
Comment: Unless Wikipedia is interested in being accused of more unprofessional bias, it might be worth considering the removal of Jane Fonda's name from this article. Jane Fonda was a peace activist, not a propaganda radio announcer, and is not an approprate link in this article. I open this up for discussion... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.243.1.102 (talk • contribs) 01:25, 17 December 2005

 * Couldn't agree more. I'm removing Fonda here and at Hanoi Hannah. 68.161.30.236 02:55, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Conspiracy theory
Uncited text I removed from the article. Gamaliel 18:05, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Some conspiracy theorists have suggested[citation needed] that aviatrix Amelia Earhart was forced to make propaganda broadcasts after her disappearance in 1937, based on the possibility that Earhart's plane went down in the South Pacific Mandate area, which was under Japanese Navy administration before World War II.

That theory is mentioned in the article on Earhart.--69.151.14.173 (talk) 22:32, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Person vs. role
I was tidying up these pages and there is an issue with confusing the entry of Tokyo Rose with the Iva Toguri D'Aquino, the woman who was tried as "Tokyo Rose." My suggestion is that the Tokyo Rose page should be about the figure of Tokyo Rose (there was no real person) and that a better biography of Iva Toguri D'Aquino be completed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Salishsea (talk • contribs) 19:00, 12 July 2005

NPR All Things Considered reported, in the last quarter hour of their 2-hr feed today, that At NPR promise, in abt 1.25 hr, on-line availability of the audio. The most valuable portion of their abstract there reads "Melissa Block talks with Ronald Yates, whose stories in The Chicago Tribune helped D'Aquino win her pardon", and Googling either
 * 1) witnesses at her trial later admitted they  perjured themselves in testifying she had reported ship sinkings in her broadcasts,
 * 2) she had been talked into participating by American PoWs working on the show who said they were undermining the show's effectiveness, and
 * 3)  they promised her that they would limit her role so she need say nothing disloyal, and they delivered on that.
 * "Chicago Tribune" "Ronald Yates" "Tokyo Rose"

or
 * "Ronald Yates" "Tokyo Rose"

gave the same three hits, with abstracts of potential interest. --Jerzy•t 22:14, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Listening to Canadian Radio just now (As It Happens), they say that Iva Toguri D'Aquino never said anything treasonous, that her scripts were written by U.S. POWs, and that "Tokyo Rose" was a generic name to refer to 12 different women broadcasters. Here's a link to the show for that date. I believe this would be in part 2, but I'm not sure, it might be the tail end of part 1. Might be a very useful source for improving an article that looks basically wrong, though the NPR material, etc. above may do the same. - Jmabel | Talk 06:40, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The entire section concerning Iva Toguri is out of date in comparison with the primary article under her name. I intend to delete all under her section but a stub and force the reader to go to her main page.  I will do so on 2 Dec 2007 unless someone states their objections here.  In addition, the top line of this page cites 20 female broadcasters bearing that name and the Iva Toguri article cites 12.  Which number do people want, and can we cite anything to support that number? Unclesmrgol 04:22, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

See Also section
This section doesn't appear to belong here; there is a category called "Propagandists" and these entries might profitably be placed there. Otherwise, I see no reason why any of these others will shed any light on Tokyo Rose. This probably should be deleted, and similar entries removed in the other references that are linked here. These people have nothing in common except their category and there is nothing useful to be learned about each of them at the others' pages. CraigBurley 17:12, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Tokyo Rose, the band
"Tokyo Rose also is the name of a band hailing from New Jersey." "There is an emo/pop band that goes by the name Tokyo Rose"

Are these references to the same band? PBuG 13:29, 15 October 2006 (CST)

Movies / documentary
I changed "a movie and a documentary" to "two movies and a documentary", since there appears to be two movies right underneath it. I dunno if they actually exist. --Staos 23:41, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

More actresses?
Excuse teh term 'actresses' Only thing I could think of.

We have listed one actress who did the broadcasts but mention that there were at least 20 of them. Anyone have any more? Might be of interest.

Tokyo Rose the Drink
1 Part Melon Liquor / 1 Part Grey Goose Vodka / 1 Part Sake. Shaken in a shaker with crushed ice and served in a cocktail glass with a flower garnish. Drink was first created in 1986 in a Dallas Texas nightclub called The Starck Club by a bar tended by the name of Scott Mertz —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.177.144.217 (talk) 00:47, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

What was the propaganda?
What did these women say to try to demoralize Allied troops? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.124.88.244 (talk) 08:01, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * There is more information about Lord Haw Haw, and I guess that the techniques may have been similar.

What was the equivalent in the other direction?
What were the allied radio show or shows that transmitted to Japan?--Timtak (talk) 03:20, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

There are at least some brief recordings, apparently
The article text says there is no recording of a 'Tokyo Rose' broadcast, but this web page has a couple of short sound clips that are claimed to be taken from 'Tokyo Rose' broadcasts. http://www.earthstation1.com/Tokyo_Rose.html 72.130.43.20 (talk) 07:40, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I think the text there is intended to convey the idea that there are no recordings or transcripts of broadcasts containing "purported predictions of impending attacks" or naming individual soldiers, rather than there being no recordings at all. Much like with Lord Haw-Haw, there were rumours and stories of predictions of actual attacks, but they were rumours; it would be unlikely that propaganda stations would give details of actual planned attacks, for obvious reasons. But there are recordings of broadcasts in general of course; apart from the link above, there are (for example) a couple of recordings on the Internet Archive site in the External Links section.  FlowerpotmaN ·( t ) 19:07, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

What kinds of things were in the broadcasts?
Other than saying they were propaganda designed to harm Allied morale, the article says nothing except that there were rumors they predicted attacks, though it goes on to say that no such predictions are in recordings or transcripts of the broadcasts. What kinds of things are found in the recordings and transcripts then? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.151.14.173 (talk) 23:19, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Pardon of Iva Toguri D'Aquino by President Ford not mentioned
The related article "Iva Toguri D'Aquino", states that she was pardoned by President Ford on his last day in office. Since she is featured so prominently in this article, shouldn't this article mention that same bit of historical information?

Autryld (talk) 22:17, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

 * This has been fixed - but I do feel troubled that Iva Toguri does have such a prominent part of the article - especially the mugshot in the header. It takes a careful reader, and a read of her article, to get to the bottom of the story, and I don't think that does her justice.  Stevebritgimp (talk) 01:46, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Not sure what happened in the last 18 months, but looking at this article it still appears to associate Tokyo Rose with Iva Toguri, so have added the appropriate paragraph to the lede. Stevebritgimp (talk) 22:40, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

Problem with the lead
Someone removed three references from the lead and inserted the character string [n] in their places. Info is available in archived versions of the page. Suggest re-incorporating these references. David F (talk) 15:54, 9 December 2013 (UTC)
 * ✅ Fixed here. Thanks for the heads-up. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 19:19, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

Maintenance Template
As of 5 March 17, this article has been flagged for "multiple issues" regarding citations and references. I recently overhauled the page and I believe these problems are amended. I intend to remove the maintenance template in 7 days (13 March 2017) unless anyone disagrees. B.d.whitney (talk) 15:02, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Tokyo Mose
There is a section in this article that refers to Walter Kraner. That section's title says "Tokyo Rose", when it should state "Tokyo Mose", as that was what he was called. I attempted to fix that, but my edit was removed. I think that section's title/header should be corrected, as the error makes makes the article confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.145.42.121 (talk) 11:51, 4 April 2017 (UTC) Fixed it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by CamoPants (talk • contribs) 00:40, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

Photo in lead
Okay, I understand that the common misidentification of Miss Toguri as "Tokyo Rose" requires her to be mentioned in the article, but it doesn't seem right to have her photo be at the top of the article. The main image in an article is supposed to represent the subject, the text of the article (and even the caption of this image) states that Miss Toguri was not Tokyo Rose. --Khajidha (talk) 11:18, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tokyo Rose


text:
Talk:Vladimir Petrovich Trubetskoy

Comment
I rewrote this, but my French is rusty and I would be very grateful if somebody would take a look at it. Uppland 19:00, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. --  Jreferee  (Talk) 03:03, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vladimir Petrovich Trubetskoy


text:
Paul Van Himst

Paul Guillaume van Himst (born 2 October 1943) is a Belgian former football player and a football manager who played as a forward, most notably for R.S.C. Anderlecht. Regarded as Anderlecht's ultimate club icon, Van Himst holds the record of four Belgian Golden Shoe awards and was named best "Belgian footballer of the twentieth century".

Early years
Van Himst was introduced to Anderlecht as a child because his father, who was an ardent fan of Jef Mermans, rarely missed a home match and regularly took his three children to the Émile Versé Stadium. The young Van Himst himself started to play football in a neighborhood of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw and on the playground of the Sint-Niklaas Institute where national coach Bill Gormlie took care of the children. He was fully noticed when he went to the training fields of the Anderlecht youth complex with his cousin. Van Himst was able to keep a ball in the air for several minutes, which made such an impression on chairman Constant Vanden Stock that he promptly had the boy sign a membership card.

But given Van Himst was barely eight, the connection only became official two years later. In the youth series, Van Himst was always allowed to compete with older teammates.

Club career
Under manager Pierre Sinibaldi, Paul Van Himst developed into a very refined player who would dominate Belgian football for 15 years with his exceptional technique, insight into the game and precise passing.

About two months after his 16th birthday, Van Himst made his debut in the first team. In December 1959, the young striker was able to make his mark on the Beringen pitch with a promising performance. Following the example of Brazil, which had become world champions in 1958, Sinibaldi had Anderlecht play in a 4-2-4 system. In that formation, Van Himst became one of the most important pawns on the field. With his excellent technique and nose for goals, he became a standout at Anderlecht as a teenager.

In the 1961–62 season, Paul Van Himst won his first trophy with Anderlecht, the national championship.

On his European debut against Real Madrid in 1962 at the Santiago Bernabéu stadium, he scored the opening goal in a 3–3 draw, immediately arousing the interest of Italian topclub Modena. They made him an attractive offer, including his brother in the deal, but Anderlecht did not let its rising star leave. At the time, in addition to football, Van Himst also represented the fuel company of chairman Albert Roossens The club would later also reject proposals from teams like Barcelona and Real Madrid, in their search for a successor of Alfredo Di Stéfano.

Despite Anderlecht an early exit in the second round of the 1966–67 European Cup, Van Himst became top scorer of the tournament. His five goals in the match against Finish side FC Haka is still a (shared) record in a single European game. Anderlecht reached the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (considered as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup) in the 1969–70 season, but lost it to Arsenal F.C. Van Himst became top scorer of the tournament with 10 goals.

The lost final was a disappointment sportively and marked the end of the Sinibaldi era. Most players retired or left Anderlecht, but Van Himst was one of the few to stay. In a new team that relied on young players such as Hugo Broos, Ludo Coeck, Gilbert Van Binst and François Van der Elst, he was still important with all his experience. Van Himst remained the leader on the field despite the generational change that had taken place.

With Anderlecht, Paul Van Himst would win the Belgian championship eight times. He scored 309 goals in 566 matches during 16 seasons. Van Himst became the Belgian First Division's top scorer three times in 1963–64, 1965–66 and 1967–68.

Van Himst was nicknamed Polle Gazon by Belgian football fans (Polle is Paul in Brussels dialect, and Gazon means lawn in Dutch and French) as he frequently lay on the field due to the large number of fouls committed on him. Later, the nickname Le Pelé blanc (the white Pelé) was introduced by French newspaper L'Équipe after a convincing performance with Belgium in Paris against France.

After he left Anderlecht, he played for RWDM, another Brussels club, in 1975–76 and for Eendracht Aalst (then in the second division) in the following season. Two surgeries took their toll: neither at RWDM nor at Aalst Van Himst reached the same level as before.

International career
At the age of 17, Paul Van Himst made his debut for the Belgian national team on 19 October 1960 in a match against Sweden. 11 days later, he scored his first goal in a 2–1 home victory over Hungary. In 1964, Van Himst played in the Belgium–Netherlands match alongside 10 Anderlecht players after the substitution of goalkeeper Guy Delhasse by Jean-Marie Trappeniers.

Van Himst was part of Belgium's team which qualified for the 1970 World Cup. At the Euro 1972, organized in his home country, Van Himst helped the Red Devils to reach the third place.

Between 1960 and 1974, Paul Van Himst scored 30 goals (in 81 matches) for the Belgian national team. This performance made him Belgium's second top scorer—along with Bernard Voorhoof—and the most capped player for his country between 1973 and 1989.

Farewell match
In 1975, aged 31, Paul Van Himst decided to leave Anderlecht. In a farewell match organized in the Anderlecht stadion, the then Anderlecht squad faced a "world team". Rinus Michiels coached 18 international stars, including Pelé, Eusébio, Johan Cruyff, Gianni Rivera, José Altafini, Amancio, Jairzinho and Willem Van Hanegem.

Managerial career
Van Himst reunited with Anderlecht in 1982 when he started to manage the U-17 team. He did such a good job that he was appointed head coach the following season, replacing Tomislav Ivić. In his debut season 1982–83, Anderlecht won the UEFA cup, after winning 2–1 on aggregate against Benfica, with Van Himst winning a European trophy after all. The following season, Anderlecht reached the UEFA cup final again, but lost it to Tottenham Hotspur after a penalty shootout.

After winning the Belgian first division in 1984–85 and the Supercup in 1985, the ways of Anderlecht and Van Himst split up. And, as he did as a player, Van Himst continued his managerial career at RWD Molenbeek.

In 1991, Paul Van Himst was appointed as manager of the Belgian national team. He led the squad to the 1994 FIFA World Cup, where the team was eliminated by Germany in the round of 16. After Belgium didn't qualify for the Euro 1996, Van Himst was replaced by his assistent Wilfried Van Moer, and he quitted from professional football.

Style of play
"The hallmark of Paul Van Himst was obviously his technique, but he was also physically very strong. Van Himst was really solidly built. That combination made him a quite unique player." reporter Frank Raes mentioned in 2023. "And of course that light-footedness made everyone enjoy. The use of the outside of the foot for passing, dribbling ánd shooting was remarkable. He was so skilled in dribbling. As an opponent you just couldn't get the ball."

Van Himst preferred to "slalom" between opponents, but never lost the overview of the game when doing so. He also liked to operate from the left, where he could regularly put in splitting actions with his friend Wilfried Puis, as well with Anderlecht as with the Belgian national team.

Van Himst scored easily, but could also let others score. He performed best with more physical strikers such as Jacky Stockman, Johan Devrindt or Jan Mulder.

Personal life
Paul Van Himst has three children (one son and two daughters) and five grandchildren.

In 1990, Van Himst took over the Brésor coffee roasting company. But after he was contacted to become national coach in 1991, his son Frank became manager of the company. From the moment the contract ended in 1996, the family man concentrated definitively on his coffee company, with his son keeping his position.

His wife Arlette Neckebroeck died on 4 December 2013.

Also in his later life, the link with Anderlecht kept present. For more than forty years, Van Himst is close friends with cycling legend Eddy Merckx. Both are regularly spotted together at Anderlecht's home games. And in 2022, his grandson Amando Lapage signed a professional contract with the club.

Filmography

 * Escape to Victory (1981) - Michel Fileu - The Players: Belgium
 * Max (1994) - Himself

Club
Source:

Note: The appearances and goals of Van Himst in exhibition games and the Belgian League Cup are not taken into account.

Honours and awards
Van Himst holds the record of most Golden Shoe awards, having won it on four occasions. There could have been a few more in fact, but at a certain point the organizers decided that one could not win the Shoe more than once. A few years later, that decision was reverted with Van Himst winning a fourth award in 1974. In November 2003, to celebrate UEFA's Jubilee, he was named the Golden Player of Belgium by the Belgian Football Association as their most outstanding player of the past 50 years.

He has been an ambassador for the Belgian/South-African NGO "Born In Africa" since 2005.

In 2009, Paul Van Himst became honorary citizen of Dilbeek.

Decades after retiring from professional football, Van Himst is still consistently mentioned in both Anderlecht and Belgium's "Best Team Ever" and "Best Players" lists.

To celebrate the 80th birthday of their club icon, Van Himst was extensively honored for the competition match of Anderlecht against Mechelen on October 7, 2023. For the occasion, the team played in a complete white "limited edition" shirts, stylized like the ones of the Van Himst era.

Player
Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1971–72, 1973–74
 * Belgian Cup: 1964–65, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75
 * Belgian League Cup: 1973, 1974
 * Tournoi de Paris: 1964, 1966
 * Inter-Cities Fairs Cup runner-up: 1969–70

National team
 * UEFA European Championship third place: 1972

Individual
 * Belgian Golden Shoe: 1960, 1961, 1965, 1974
 * Belgian First Division top scorer: 1963–64 (26 goals), 1965–66 (25 goals), 1967–68 (20 goals)
 * Ballon d'Or: 1964 (5th place), 1965 (4th place)
 * Ballon d'Or nominations: 1963, 1966, 1967, 1972
 * 1966 FIFA World Cup qualification: Group 1 top scorer (5 goals)
 * 1966–67 European Cup: top scorer (6 goals)
 * 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fair Cup: top scorer (10 goals)
 * Man of the Season (Belgian First Division) (nl): 1970–71
 * Former Belgium's Most Capped Player: 1973–1989 (81 caps)
 * Belgian National Sports Merit Award: 1974
 * Super Gouden Schoen: 1991
 * Belgian Footballer of the 20th Century (nl): 1995
 * Planète Foot's 50 of the World's Best Players: 1996
 * IFFHS European Player of the Century (39th): 2000
 * Platina 11 (nl) - Best Team in 50 Years of Golden Shoe Winners: 2003
 * UEFA Golden Player Award: 2003
 * Bronze Zinneke award: 2006
 * The Best Golden Shoe Team Ever: 2011
 * Honorary member of the Belgian trainers association BFC Pro: 2012
 * DH The Best RSC Anderlecht Team Ever: 2020
 * IFFHS All Time Belgium Dream Team: 2021

Manager
Anderlecht
 * Belgian First Division: 1984–85
 * Belgian Super Cup: 1985
 * UEFA Cup: 1982–83; runner-up: 1983–84
 * Jules Pappaert Cup: 1985

Individual
 * Belgian Professional Manager of the Year: 1982–83

Books

 * Paul van Himst - Op Gouden Schoenen by Charles Baete and Vic Vermeir in 1971, De Schorpioen, 288 p. (Dutch, French)
 * Monsieur Football by Charles Baete, Vic Vermeir and Camille Fichefet in 1971, Editions Arts et Voyages, 111 p. (French)
 * Voetbal by Paul van Himst and Jacques Hereng in 1975, Standaard Uitgeverij, 198 p. (Dutch)
 * Paul van Himst over voetbal by Jacques Hereng and Carlos De Veene in 1985, Standaard Uitgeverij 135 p. (Dutch) ISBN 9789002151385
 * Over Mezelf by Paul van Himst in 2009, Borgerhoff & Lamberigts, 256 p. (Dutch, French) ISBN 9789089310972
 * Confidenties van Paul Van Himst by Luc Pire in 2010, Renaissance du Livre, 191 p. (Dutch, French) ISBN 9789086871797

title: Paul Van Himst


text: Category:Taiwanese indigenous peoples

title: Category:Taiwanese indigenous peoples


text:
Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud)

Arruns Tarquinius was one of the sons of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last King of Rome. Ancient sources differ as to whether he was the second or third son. In the earliest accounts, passed through fragments of the first Roman historian, Fabius Pictor, he is the third son. According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, he is the second son. Modern historians doubt the historicity of the specific actions attributed to Arruns and other members of his dynasty, regarding them as highly embellished by later accounts.

During his father's reign, he accompanied his elder brother, Titus, and their cousin, Lucius Junius Brutus, to consult the Oracle at Delphi regarding an omen witnessed by the king. After she had interpreted the omen, the princes asked the Oracle who should succeed their father as king; her reply was that he who should first kiss his mother upon their return would succeed the king. While Titus and Arruns assumed that this meant their actual mother, Brutus correctly intuited that mother earth was intended, and so deliberately stumbled and fell upon the trio's return to Italy.

Following the overthrow of the monarchy, traditionally dated to 509 BC, Titus and Arruns went with their father to Caere, while Brutus was elected one of the first consuls. After a reported unsuccessful attempt by the Tarquins to regain the throne, the Roman tradition places him with his father in command of the Etruscan cavalry at the Battle of Silva Arsia; after Arruns sighted his cousin Brutus, the two charged each other and were each speared to death. The battle ended in a Roman victory, and the Tarquins remained in exile.

In literature

 * In Inferno, the first part of the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, Arruns appears in the fourth bolgia of the Eighth circle of hell, together with sorcerers, astrologers and false prophets.


text:
Category:Safety engineering

Safety engineering is an applied science strongly related to Systems engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when pieces fail.

ur:زمرہ:حفاظتی ہندسیات

title: Category:Safety engineering


text:
Talk:Malta (soft drink)

Untitled
I wonder if 84.etc. had added "generally" before "dark brown" because some brands, or home-brewed malta isn't as dark in color (maybe because it doesn't have as much caramel color?). I've never encountered home-brewed malta and don't even know if there is such a thing. Anybody from a malta-drinking region reading this who knows?

There is recent news that caramel coloring may be a carcinogen, and Malta was named as a major use. I find it curious why if "It is similar in color to stout (dark brown)", why is caramel coloring needed?Flight Risk (talk) 00:04, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

Who drinks it?
Don't Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Panamanians, Venezuelans, etc. drink malta as well? The recent paragraph makes it sound as if it's primarily consumed by Cuban Americans, leaving out the other Spanish-speaking nations of the Caribbean. If they also drink it, that should probably be added to the article. I don't have enough familiarity, having moved away from Florida years ago. Badagnani 17:54, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

I don't know how popular it is in Cuba, but in Puerto Rico it's definitely one of the most popular soft drinks. I don't know why this article is more attached to Cuba than it is to Puerto Rico, and latin countries in general. Arthur Curry 04:09, 1 November 2007 (UTC) (Note: even Arubans drink malta,) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.212.121.226 (talk) 02:57, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

stub tag
I'm going to remove the stub tag. The article is pretty substantial, especially for a soft drink. --F a ng Aili 16:26, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Malta Picture
I took the photo of the Malta bottle and glass at a Miami Cuban American eatery. I think it has been deleted because one of the editors thinks that it might be copy writed. I have to post it again with the clause saying that it was taken by me. How can I prove this. It was a nice picture that illustrated what the drink looks like - I think it would be a shame not to have it.
 * Add one of the tags listed here to the image description: Image_copyright_tag -Lampbane 03:38, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Since another copy of it didn't get deleted, I put that one into the article. --brion 02:32, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Can we come up with a better title for the first image than "A bottle of Malta next to a glass of ice."? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.16.9.250 (talk) 02:41, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

Malta "Pony"
I see that someone added "Malta Pony" to the list. Maybe this was added by me - it was a long time ago so I don't know. However, it is interesting to list this brand of Malta because it is a Colombian type malta rather than the more traditional Puerto Rican or Cuban American variety which is more common in North America. It was a good malta and I had several of them at a Colombian eating place. The only difference was a slight taste variation in that artificial vanilla flavor was added as an ingredient, This made the malta mellower, and it gave it a faint sweet "vanilla" taste of course. This Malta is made in Colombia - in Barranquilla to be more precise and it is brewed and bottled by “Bavaria S.A.” in the aforementioned city. On the label there is a Spanish description that say, “Bebida de Campeones” which translates into English as the “Drink of Champions”.

Other Malta brands
Here in PR now we have Malta Polar, but I'm not shure if it is the same Maltin Polar of Venezuela. Also, there was a Food Club Malta, it tasted like crap. Other thing I noticed about Malta is that many of the non-hispanic people who tried for the first time described the flavor as "rotten grapes", so, I guess because we drink it in the early childhood we get used to the flavor. --64.237.176.102 05:34, 29 March 2007 (UTC)Samuel Trujillo

 * I'm not Hispanic and first tried it in college. I don't agree with that description; to me it tastes like molasses.  Badagnani 05:49, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

similarities to kvass?
I wonder if anyone can comment on malta's similarities to kvass (ingredients, manufacture, taste). They appear to be very similar drinks and I was surprised to see there was no reference to either from each's page.

216.9.250.106 18:09, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Kvass is a very different beast. I'm told you can get non-alcoholic drinks called "Kvass" these days, but real Kvass is indeed fermented and mildly alcoholic (1-2% alcohol by volume).  Kvass ranges from sweet to sour, based in part on how fresh it is, and is often flavored with mint or raisins.  Being made from dark bread, it tastes of dark bread.   Malta, on the other hand, tastes like unfermented beer, because that's basically what it is--it's quite sweet, with a kind of molasses bitterness behind the syrup.--158.111.4.27 (talk) 14:13, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Hmm... The kvass sold on the streets in Russian cities is almost never alcoholic, and I've never seen it flavored with mint or raisins. I tried both kvass and malta, and I have to say they do taste quite similar. I would say malta is more sweet, and kvass is more sour. Malta is also much darker in color than kvass. I think the main reason these articles don't refer to each other is the fact that these drinks are from different cultures, and not many people tried both. Selerian (talk) 03:19, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The story gets a little complicated. Modern, commercial kvass may be a non-alcoholic soft drink carbonated by industrial methods.  Traditional kvass is carbonated by the action of yeast on sugar, and that produces alcohol.  The quantities involved are very slight: no more than one percent in many cases.  You'd have to drink a _lot_ of kvass to feel inebriated.  So it's often considered "non-alcoholic" although you can bet there is some alcohol in there.  (Somewhere, I have a recipe from the Prohibition period in America for a "lemon soft drink" that involves adding yeast to lemonade and letting it ferment for a couple of days to get fizzy.  This drink was touted as a good alternative to alcohol!)  Most of my exposure to kvass is via homemade stuff prepared in big jars on the windowsill.  I have not made a careful ethnographic study, but mint and raisins both abound in the recipies I have been given.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.111.5.34 (talk) 15:03, 5 April 2010 (UTC)

Image needs replacement
Hello all...

An image used in the article, specifically Image:HPIM0351.JPG, has a little bit of a licensing issue. The image was uploaded back when the rules around image uploading were less restrictive. It is presumed that the uploader was willing to license the picture under the GFDL license but was not clear in that regard. As such, the image, while not at risk of deletion, is likely not clearly licensed to allow for free use in any future use of this article. If anyone has an image that can replace this, or can go take one and upload it, it would be best.

You have your mission, take your camera and start clicking.--Jordan 1972 (talk) 20:54, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Americans drinking Malta
"A popular way Africans and Americans sometimes drink malta" I'm almost positive Americans don't commonly drink malta, it's more something for Caribbean and Latino communities. It's not consumed in the USA regularly, only sold in specialty foreign shops. 24.15.136.227 (talk) 00:03, 3 February 2022 (UTC)

 * My brother found some at Publix Grocery Store under Publix' own label. Having never heard of it before he bought some home for us to try. Interesting. Now learning more about Malta. 2600:1702:2D60:3C00:40E1:E1E2:87C8:A0FA (talk) 02:40, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

Duplicative page
This page is duplicative with the (much more complete) Malt Beer page 207.237.118.142 (talk) 00:59, 21 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malta (soft drink)


text:
French Naval Aviation

French Naval Aviation (often abbreviated in French to: Aéronavale (contraction of Aéronautique navale), or Aviation navale, or more simply l'Aéro) is the naval air arm of the French Navy. The long-form official designation is Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale. Born as a fusion of aircraft carrier squadrons and the naval patrol air force, the Aéronavale was created in 1912. The force is under the command of a flag officer officially titled Admiral of Naval Aviation (ALAVIA) with his headquarters at Toulon naval base. It has a strength of around 6,800 military and civilian personnel. It operates from four airbases in Metropolitan France and several detachments in foreign countries or French overseas territories. Carrier-borne pilots of the French Navy do their initial training at Salon-de-Provence Air Base after which they undergo their carrier qualification with the US Navy.

Aircraft inventory

 * Bréguet Atlantique II || France || Turboprop || ASW || || 22 ||  ||
 * Dassault Falcon 10 M || France || Jet || Utility || || 6 ||  ||
 * Dassault Falcon 50 M || France || Jet || Patrol || || 8 ||  ||
 * Dassault Falcon 200 Guardian || France || Jet || Patrol || || 5 ||  ||
 * Dassault Rafale M || France || Jet || Multirole || || 42 ||  ||
 * Embraer EMB 121 Xingu || Brazil || Turboprop|| Utility || || 11 ||  ||
 * Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin || France || Rotorcraft || SAR || || 15 ||  ||
 * Eurocopter AS565 Panther || France || Rotorcraft || Utility || || 16 ||  ||
 * Grumman E-2C Hawkeye || USA || Turboprop || AEW&C || || 3 ||  ||
 * Mudry CAP 10 || France || Propeller || Trainer || || 7 ||  ||
 * NHIndustries NH90 Caïman Marine || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 27 ||  ||
 * Airbus Helicopters H160 || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 6 ||  ||
 * }
 * Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin || France || Rotorcraft || SAR || || 15 ||  ||
 * Eurocopter AS565 Panther || France || Rotorcraft || Utility || || 16 ||  ||
 * Grumman E-2C Hawkeye || USA || Turboprop || AEW&C || || 3 ||  ||
 * Mudry CAP 10 || France || Propeller || Trainer || || 7 ||  ||
 * NHIndustries NH90 Caïman Marine || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 27 ||  ||
 * Airbus Helicopters H160 || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 6 ||  ||
 * }
 * NHIndustries NH90 Caïman Marine || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 27 ||  ||
 * Airbus Helicopters H160 || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 6 ||  ||
 * }
 * Airbus Helicopters H160 || France || Rotorcraft || ASW/SAR || || 6 ||  ||
 * }

Structure
Immediately after the end of World War II, the Aeronavale only had Supermarine Seafire Mk.III (Flottille 1F) and Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers (Flotilles 3F et 4F).

Components
The flight personnel of the French Navy falls into three categories: fighter aviation, fixed-wing aviation and helicopter aviation.

Operationally the French Naval Aviation has four components:
 * Embarqued Air Group (Le Groupe aérien embarqué) of the aircraft carrier FRENCH AIRCRAFT CARRIER Charles de Gaulle: Rafale M, E-2C Hawkeye
 * Naval Patrol and Maritime Surveillance Aviation (l'Aviation de patrouille et de surveillance maritime): Atlantique 2, Falcon 50, Falcon 200
 * Shipborne and Shore-based Helicopters (Les hélicoptères embarqués et basés à terre): Dauphin, Panther, Caïman Marine
 * Support Aviation (l'Aviation de soutien): Falcon 10, EMB-121 Xingu, SR20, Cap-10, Dauphin, EC120 Colibri

Units
Operational squadrons are known as Flottilles and normally consist of 12 aircraft : Shore-based training and transport squadrons are known as Escadrilles de Servitude :
 * 1F to 10F are carrier based anti-submarine squadrons
 * 11F to 20F are fighter and attack squadrons
 * 21F to 30F are maritime patrol squadrons
 * 31F to 39F are helicopter squadrons
 * 1S to 19S are communications squadrons
 * 20S to 29S are helicopters squadrons
 * 50S to 59S are training squadrons

Retired aircraft
This is a list of retired aircraft that has flown with French Naval Aviation.
 * Amiot AAC.1 (Junkers Ju 52)
 * Avro Anson
 * Avro Lancaster Mk.VII
 * Beechcraft SNB-5/JRB-4
 * Blanchard Brd.1 HB3
 * Blériot-SPAD S.42
 * Bloch MB.151 C1
 * Borel-Odier T BO-2
 * Breguet BRE.14B2/A2
 * Breguet BRE.19 B2
 * Bréguet 521 Bizerte
 * Bréguet 1050 Alizé
 * Bréguet 1150 Atlantic
 * CAMS 30E
 * CAMS.37A/37²/37.11/Lia
 * CAMS 46 Et2
 * CAMS 55.1/55.2/55.6/55.10
 * Caudron Cau 59 ET2
 * Caudron C635 Simoun
 * Caudron C.445 Goéland
 * Canadian Car & Foundry Harvard II
 * Chance Vought F4U-7/AU-1 Corsair
 * Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina
 * Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer
 * Coutant RMC Type 17
 * Curtiss SB2C4/SB2C5 Helldiver
 * Dassault Étendard IVM/P
 * Dassault MD 312 Flamant
 * Dassault Super Étendard
 * De Havilland 100 Vampire Mk.V
 * Dewoitine 7 C1
 * Dewoitine D.373/D.376
 * Dewoitine D.510
 * Dewoitine D.520
 * Donnet-Denhaut 140/150 hp
 * Donnet-Denhaut 160 hp
 * Donnet-Denhaut 200 HP HS Triplace/RR/BB
 * Donnet-Denhaut 275hp
 * Donnet-Denhaut bimoteur
 * Dornier Do 24T
 * Douglas SBD-5 Dauntless
 * Douglas C-47D Dakota
 * Farman Lévy HB2 450 hp
 * Farman F60 Torp Goliath/F65
 * Farman F.165/F.166/F.168 Torp
 * Farman F.223.4
 * FBA Type C
 * FBA Type H
 * FBA Type S
 * FBA type 14 HE2
 * FBA.17HL1/HL2/HMT2/HE2
 * FBA.19HMB2
 * Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr
 * Georges Lévy 280 HB.2
 * Gourdou Leseurre ET1 Type 22
 * Gourdou Leseurre LGL.32
 * Gourdou Leseurre GL.810/811/812/813 HY
 * Gourdou Leseurre GL.832 HY
 * Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat
 * Grumman TBM-3S/E/W/UT Avenger
 * Grumman JRF-5 Goose
 * Hanriot HD.2 C.1
 * Hanriot HD.3 C.2
 * Hanriot HD.14 E.2
 * Hanriot HD.17 E.2
 * Hanriot H.41
 * Junkers Ju 188
 * Latécoère 290
 * Latécoère 298
 * Latham 43 HB.3
 * Levasseur PL.4 R3b
 * Levasseur PL.5 C2b
 * Levasseur PL.7 T2B2b
 * Levasseur PL.10 R3b/PL.101 R3b
 * Levasseur PL.14 Tb2B2
 * Levasseur PL.15 T2B2
 * Lévy Besson 200 hp
 * Lioré et Olivier LeO.7.3
 * Lioré et Olivier LeO.20 Bn3
 * Lioré et Olivier H.13/H.136
 * Lioré et Olivier H.43
 * Lioré et Olivier H.193
 * Lioré et Olivier H.257 Bis/H258
 * Lockheed P2V-1 Ventura
 * Lockheed P2V-6/7 Neptune
 * Loire 130 C.l
 * Loire 210
 * LTV/Vought F-8E(FN) Crusader
 * Martin 167-A3
 * Martin P5M-2 Marlin
 * Maurice Farman Type 1910
 * Morane Saulnier MoS.130 Et2
 * Morane Saulnier MoS.149 Ep2
 * Morane Saulnier MS.225 C1
 * Morane Saulnier MS.230 Et2
 * Morane Saulnier MS.406 C1
 * Morane Saulnier MS.500/MS.502 Criquet
 * Morane Saulnier MS.733 Alcyon
 * Morane Saulnier MS760 Paris
 * Nieuport IV.H
 * Nieuport VI.H
 * Nieuport 12
 * Nieuport N.21/N.23
 * Nieuport NiD.62 C1/NiD.622 C1
 * Nord 262 Frégate
 * North American NAA.57 P2
 * North American SNJ-3/4/5
 * Piper PA-31 Navajo
 * Potez 25 A2/TOE
 * Potez 452
 * Potez 567
 * Potez 631 C3
 * Salmson Sal.2 A2
 * SCAN 20
 * Short Sunderland Mk.III/V
 * SNCAC/Farman NC.470
 * SNCAC NC.701/NC.702 Martinet
 * SNCAN N.1001/N.1002 Pingouin
 * SNCAN N.1101 Noralpha
 * SNCAN N.1402 Noroit
 * SNCAN SV.4C Stampe
 * SNCAO/Loire-Nieuport LN.401/LN.411
 * SNCASE R.82 Romano
 * SNCASE Leo.451
 * SNCASE SE.161 Languedoc/Bloch MB.160
 * SNCASE Aquilon
 * SNCASO/Bloch MB.175
 * SNCASO SO.94/95 Corse
 * SNCASO SO.30P Bretagne
 * SOCATA MS.880 Rallye
 * Sopwith Sop.1 A2
 * Sopwith Baby/130hp Clerget
 * Sopwith Triplan C.1
 * SPAD S.VII C.1
 * SPAD S.XIII C.1
 * SPAD XIV Canon
 * Stinson 105
 * Supermarine Seafire Mk.III/IX/XV
 * Supermarine Sea Otter
 * Supermarine Walrus
 * Tampier T.4
 * Taylorcraft L-2
 * Tellier Canon 200 hp
 * Tellier 200 hp
 * Tellier 350Hp
 * Tellier BM 400 hp
 * Villiers Vil.2AM C.2
 * Vickers Wellington
 * Voisin L
 * Voisin Canard
 * Voisin III
 * Voisin VIII
 * Vought V.156-F
 * Wibault Wib.74 C.1

Helicopters and autogyros

 * Aérospatiale Alouette II
 * Aérospatiale Super Frelon
 * Bell 47
 * LeO C-30
 * Lynx Mk.4(FN)
 * Piasecki H-21C
 * Piasecki HUP-2
 * Sikorsky H-51
 * Sikorsky S-55
 * Sikorsky S-58
 * Sud-Aviation HSS-1

title: French Naval Aviation


text:
Themyscira (DC Comics)

Themyscira is a fictional unitary sovereign city-state and archipelagic island nation appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Previously known as Paradise Island and the Amazon Isles, it first appeared in All Star Comics #8 (October 1941).

Themyscira is a homogeneous nation of women governed by Aphrodite's Law, which declared that the Amazons would be immortal as long as no man sets foot on their island. Men are banned from Themyscira under penalty of death. Themyscira's location is undisclosed; as a security measure, the island can shift its location over both land and time, remains undetectable from the perspective of any outside observer, and as soon as anyone leaves the island, they forget its location.

Themyscira is the theocracy and capital city that serves as the Amazonians' government and place of origin for Wonder Woman. The name for the entire archipelago became "The Paradise Islands", when the city was renamed "Themyscira" with the character's February 1987 relaunch in Wonder Woman (vol. 2) #1. Both the island and city are named after the mythological city of Themiscyra, the capital of the Amazons in Greek mythology.

Themiscyra made its cinematic debut in the 2017 films Wonder Woman and Justice League, and appeared in the 2020 sequel Wonder Woman 1984, set in the DC Extended Universe.

Pre-Crisis (1941–1987)
When Wonder Woman's homeland is first introduced in 1941, it is referred to as Paradise Island, a secret and hidden island on Earth inhabited by the Amazons of myth. The Amazons were given a break from the hostilities and temptations of Man's World, and so were decreed to start a new life-improving themselves by sequestering themselves to this island away from ancient Greece, after being enslaved by Hercules. With the island blessed by the Olympian Gods, no man was allowed to physically set foot on it. When United States Army intelligence officer Steve Trevor's plane crashes there during World War II, he is nursed back to health just outside of the capital city by Princess Diana, daughter of the island's Queen Hippolyta. Diana later competes against other Amazons to become Wonder Woman, the emissary from Paradise Island who will accompany Steve back to "Man's World" and aid in the fight against the Axis powers. It was established that all Amazons are adept at a discipline called "bullets and bracelets" in which they can deflect bullets fired at them using the chain bands on their wrists.

It was originally implied, but not yet fully confirmed, that Paradise Island was located somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. In the 1970s television incarnation (as portrayed by Lynda Carter), Paradise Island's location was set in the Bermuda Triangle. A 2009 animated movie version had set it in the Aegean Sea.

Originally, there were three generations of Amazons living on the island, with Princess Diana being from the second.

This basic back-story remains intact throughout the Golden Age and Silver Age of Comic Books, until the 1985–1986 "Crisis on Infinite Earths" storyline. Upon the conclusion of this limited series, most characters in the DC Comics universe underwent some revamp or retcon in their storyline history, and Wonder Woman was one of several characters whose entire continuity was rebooted.

Post-Crisis (1987–present)
The 1987 relaunch of the Wonder Woman series establishes that the Amazons are the reincarnated souls of women slain throughout pre-history by men. Shaped from clay over 3,000 years previous and given new lives by five Olympian goddesses — Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Hestia, and Aphrodite — the Amazons are granted immortality, great physical strength, highly acute senses, beauty, wisdom, and love for one another. They are tasked to teach the merits of virtue, love, and equality to the men of "Patriarch's World". They have founded the city-state of Themyscira in ancient Greece – Modern day Turkey, which is ruled by sisters Hippolyta and Antiope. Ares, the God of War and a chief opponent of the Amazons, manipulates his half brother Heracles to gather forces and attack Themyscira. Heracles subdues and ravages Hippolyta, and his forces succeed in ransacking Themyscira and making the Amazons their slaves. Hippolyta pleads with the goddesses for help. Athena agrees to aid the Amazons, but only if they do not go against their purpose of creation by seeking revenge. When they agree to her terms, Athena frees the Amazons from their chains. Once freed, however, the Amazons proceed to slaughter most of their captors. Antiope leads a force of Amazons off into Greece, seeking vengeance on Heracles. As decreed by the goddesses, Hippolyta leads the remaining Amazons to a remote island where, as penance for their failures as teachers, they become guardians of Doom's Doorway, preventing the escape of the monsters beneath. Renaming the island paradise Themyscira after their fallen capital, the Amazons began their new lives, erecting buildings and monuments and perfecting their skills as artisans and warriors.

For centuries, the Amazons of Themyscira live in a perfect state of harmony with their surroundings, under a theocracy. They know no racism, although many consider Antiope's Lost Tribe of Amazons as little more than savages. They do not think in terms of male gender; the word "policeman" is alien to them until Diana's departure into the outside world. Homosexuality is completely natural to them — while some Amazons are chaste, others have loving consorts. Their city is composed entirely of Greco-Roman architecture from 1200 BCE, and they wear Greek garb, togas, sandals, and period armor. The Amazons also all wear the Bracelets of Submission as constant reminders of their Enslavement and obedience to their patrons, although only Diana can deflect bullets with them. They are fervently religious, worshipping their gods as living deities. Artemis is their primary goddess, and they worship her with a sacrifice of a deer. The Amazons celebrate their creation each year in a Feast of Five, remembering the goddesses who brought them to life.

Occasionally, the Nereides bring to the shores of Themyscira young infants who would have otherwise drowned in accidents. The Amazons of Paradise Island would initiate a process called "send forth", where these infants are tutored spiritually in Amazonian ideals, and they are then sent back mystically to the place of their disappearance scant moments after being lost at sea. Julia Kapatelis, Diana's first friend in Patriarch's World, is one such infant.

Themyscira is presently located in the Bermuda Triangle but possesses the magical ability to teleport to any location or time period its inhabitants desire.

Turmoil and genocide

 * Every headline writer who has written volume two of Wonder Woman has depicted Themyscirian slaughter:
 * George Pérez – included Heracles' rape and slaughter of the Amazons, as well as the destruction of the first Bana-Mighdall city.
 * William Messner-Loebs – depicted an Amazon tribal war over Themyscira's ownership.
 * John Byrne – had Darkseid invade Themyscira, kill half the population, and turned the remainder to stone.
 * Phil Jimenez – re-introduced the Amazon tribal war over Themyscira's ownership.
 * Walt Simonson – caused a Hydra to turn the Amazons into stone.
 * Greg Rucka – had OMACs kill over half the remaining Amazon population.
 * Brian Azzarello – had Hera transform all the Amazons into snakes and petrify Hippolyta.
 * The island(s) can shift its location over both land and time.

Enter Wonder Woman
In recent times, Hippolyta's daughter Diana, also known as Wonder Woman, has become an ambassador to the outside world. With Diana's help, the Amazons have opened the shores of Themyscira to dignitaries of "Patriarch’s World". The creatures beneath Doom's Doorway were defeated, and for a time the Amazons destroyed their battle armor as a testament to a new period of peace. The Amazons opened up their shores to dignitaries from Patriarch's world, female and male, but that exchange was almost destroyed by Eris, Goddess of Discord. The Amazons even conducted their own tour of the United States, where they were framed for the murders of several people by Antiope's descendants, the mercenary assassins of Bana-Mighdall, and Circe. It was during the "War of the Gods" that the Amazons recrafted their armory, vowing to again become warriors. Circe would transplant many of these mercenary women of Bana-Migdhall, called the Lost Tribe, to Themyscira, where, after warring with the Amazons already there, the two factions joined forces to stop Circe herself. The two sects of Amazons forged an uneasy truce, living at opposite ends of the island.

Professor Julia Kapatelis, a close friend to Wonder Woman and the Amazons, was later presented with a grant by the National Geographic Society to locate the original Turkish city of Themyscira. Julia however had to leave the excavation midway through the project once as one of her daughter's friends committed suicide. Whether the original city of Themyscira has been fully excavated or not it has not been shown.

Later still, Darkseid's forces ravaged Themyscira during a search to locate the Greek gods, killing nearly half of the Amazons there in the process. As they began rebuilding, the Amazons found themselves reverting to stone. This was as a result of the gods' departure from the mortal plane, and the Amazons' connection to their creator beings so diminished as to revert their bodies to their primordial state. With the gods returned to Olympus, the Amazons were again transformed into their flesh and blood state, yet more Amazons were killed in a confrontation with the demonic entity known as Neron.

With Diana and Hippolyta adventuring in Patriarch's World as Wonder Woman for longer and longer periods of time, the Banas and the Themyscirans were manipulated into a bloody civil war at the hands of Magala, who had been possessed by the spirit of Antiope's murderer, Ariadne. Using the pre-existing disdain of the tribes against each other, Magala used allies among both Amazon cities to spark the vengeful conflict. The island was left in ruins, and the war was only stopped when Hippolyta abolished the royal family, renounced her throne.

Left at odds but on even political ground, the Bana Amazons and the Themyscirans joined forces against the alien forces of Imperiex. Themyscira, mystically moved into outer space, was destroyed, and hundreds of Amazons from both tribes died. When Wonder Woman led each tribe of Amazons into an ecumenical prayer, funneling power into the new god Darkseid, the warrior women helped destroy Imperiex and its ally Brainiac 13.

New Themyscira
After the island had been destroyed by Imperiex during the "Our Worlds at War" storyline, Themyscira was rebuilt and relocated, this time to the Bermuda Triangle. Designed by the likes of Julia Kapatelis, the Martian Manhunter, Steve Trevor, Canadian architect Jean Claude Tibet, and Amazon master designer Kaleeza Fashed, the new Themyscira was built with the help of alien technology. Adding to the re-creation of the islands, Themyscira was restored by the combined might of the Greek and Egyptian goddesses the Amazons worship. Transformed into a mighty series of floating islands dedicated to the free exchange of information and ideas, the new Themyscira was governed by members of both tribes of Amazons. After some time Themyscira was nearly destroyed in a jealous fit of rage by the goddess Hera. She was angry that Zeus was magically spying on the bathing form of Artemis via scrying the pool and kicked the pool itself. Because of her actions the islands ceased to float in mid-air under their own power and instead resumed being a cluster of traditional islands once more.

Recently, Themyscira was under attack by OMAC forces, as described in DC Comics's Infinite Crisis. Due to this attack, as well as the many various other attacks the island has suffered through since Diana became Wonder Woman, it was decided that the Olympian and Bana-Mighdallian goddesses would transport the island and its inhabitants (sans Diana) to an undisclosed location to live in peace.

One Year Later
Under the direction of the writer Will Pfeifer, the Amazons attack Washington D.C. as retaliation for the attack on the island in a six-part mini-series titled Amazons Attack. At the end of the series, the Amazons have their memories erased by Granny Goodness (posing as the goddess Athena) and are scattered throughout the world with false personas. Only Hippolyta and four of her original Royal Guard remain on Themyscira. The Queen is exiled to near-empty Themyscira (which had seemingly been sunk and restored during the battle) for her crimes of attacking Man's World, though her actions had been influenced by the evil Circe.

Later, Zeus then revives the Amazons' memories and provides transport for them to return to Themyscira.

DC Universe
During the "Dark Nights: Death Metal" storyline, Themyscira was transformed into the new Hell where Wonder Woman became its warden who guarded the prisoners there. Gemworld became part of the transformed Themyscira.

Pre-Crisis
When the Wonder Woman comic book was first introduced, Paradise Island possessed horses, and creatures called Kangas – reminiscent of the island country Australia's kangaroos – that the Amazons both rode like mounts.

The Kangas were probably a breed of kangaroos which were introduced into the island from Australia via coastal migration, which the Amazons bred them and where they originated from. Diana's Kanga was named Jumpa.

There were also smaller rabbit-like creatures wandering Paradise Island.

Post-Crisis
When the Wonder Woman comic book was revamped and started anew in the mid-1980s this was scrapped and the island only had common game animals such as antelopes, deer, wild boar, bears, lions, and fish, pets such as birds, cats, foxes, dogs, and monkeys, and livestock animals such as horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, water buffalo, sheep such as the European mouflon, goats such as the Kri-kri, and pigs (domesticated descendants of wild boar). The only exotic/mythological creatures on the island were more sinister in nature and existed in Doom's Doorway to the underworld, which the Amazons swore to keep trapped and never to escape. In the waters surrounding Themyscira also lived Naiads and in the forests Dryads who played most of their days away, occasionally with the Amazons.

In 1999, when writer Eric Luke took over the Wonder Woman comic book, he had several lost mythical creatures from around the globe take asylum on Themyscira. These creatures consisted of: Chiron the centaur, a white Pegasus, Ladon the dragon, a chimera, and a sphinx.

When writer Phil Jimenez wrote the title in the early 2000s, he had several dinosaurs from the land of Skartaris also take refuge on Themyscira in addition to the reappearance of Kangas on the island. To date, no Kangas has been seen as riding animals.

Writer Greg Rucka reintroduced a second Pegasus to serve as Wonder Woman's riding companion, this one black with red eyes. It is assumed he still lives on Themyscira.

In 2003, a flashback story by Matt Wagner called Batman/Superman/Wonder Woman: Trinity has the island defended by sapient giant birds. They perish in the defense of the Amazons.

The 2007 storyline "Amazons Attack!" depicted the Amazons as having creatures such as giant Stygen wasps and some domesticated Pegasi, large amounts of saddled Chimeras, and three titan-sized ogres.

"Countdown to Final Crisis" storyline introduced the then-new revelation that the island is protected by a school of megalodons.

When writer Gail Simone took over the title, she showed that Hippolyta cared for griffins in the royal stables. She also introduced the island of Thalarion, the home of Gargareans during the "Rise of the Olympian" storyline. The Gargareans possessed herds of winged horses similar to Themyscira but also possessed flocks of winged lions as well. Their leader Achilles also has a domesticated war elephant named Mysia who has two trunks, two mouths, three glowing eyes, an impenetrable hide, and the ability to walk on air. As the Gargareans incorporated themselves among the Amazons of Themyscira, it is safe to assume these creatures also reside there.

Television

 * In line with comic book continuity of the time, the 1975–1979 Lynda Carter television series Wonder Woman did feature Themyscira (still called Paradise Island at the time) in several episodes. The episode "The Feminum Mystique Part 2" reveals that Paradise Island is located at 30° 22' N, 64° 47' W.
 * The island was mentioned in the Smallville episode "Asylum", in which a newspaper headline reads "Themysciran Queen Addresses the Vatican". The actual island appears in the comic book continuation of the show.
 * Paradise Island appeared on the animated television series Challenge of the Superfriends, in the 1978 episode "Secret Origins of the Super Friends", and The All-New Super Friends Hour episode "Return of Atlantis".
 * Themyscira appeared in several episodes of the DC Animated Universe series Justice League and Justice League Unlimited between 2001 and 2006 as the homeland of Wonder Woman.
 * Themyscira appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Triumvirate of Terror!", where the Joker infiltrates it disguised as an Amazon and kidnaps Wonder Woman.
 * At the end of the Legends of Tomorrow episode "Helen Hunt", Zari Tomaz delivers Helen of Troy to Themyscira upon returning her to her time. The island is then mentioned several times in the show's third-season finale, "The Good, the Bad, and the Cuddly", as the place where Helen learned to fight like an Amazon.
 * Themyscira appears in Justice League Action. In the episode "Luthor in Paradise", Lex Luthor and Circe invade Themyscira to obtain the Oculus of the Argo, an artifact of the Olympian Gods entrusted to Hippolyta by Hera that would give anyone that wields it the powers of Zeus. In the web short "The Goddess Must Be Crazy", Supergirl and Wonder Woman practice their sparring on each other, but Felix Faust manages to attack the island by possessing Supergirl.
 * In the Harley Quinn episode "Bachelorette", the titular character takes Poison Ivy to Themyscira, which has been converted into a resort by Eris for the latter's bachelorette party. The pair later discovers that Eris hypnotized Queen Hippolyta and plans to have her sell the island to Lex Luthor, and can thwart the scheme.
 * Themyscira appears in the 2019 DC Super Hero Girls episodes "#FantasticBeastsAndHowToMindThem", where in the final scene, Diana takes her pet griffin Steve so that he is free with other griffins and "#AwesomeAuntAntiope", in a flashback, where a young Diana is seen having fun with her aunt Antiope.
 * Themyscira appears in the ninth episode of season three, "Souls", in the live-action series Titans (2021). In the episode, Raven trains with Amazons while trying to find a way to get Donna Troy back.
 * Themyscira is set to appear in the upcoming DC Universe series Paradise lost

Film

 * In the television film Wonder Woman (1974) starring actress Cathy Lee Crosby, the island of the Amazons is shown briefly but not named.
 * Themyscira is shown in the animated film Justice League: The New Frontier (2008), in which Wonder Woman spars with a fellow Amazon on a beach.
 * Themyscira is shown in the animated film Wonder Woman (2009).
 * Themyscira and its Amazons are shown prominently in the animated film Superman/Batman: Apocalypse (2010).
 * While not appearing in the animated film Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013), it was stated that the Amazons had invaded the United Kingdom and renamed it New Themyscira.
 * In Justice League: War (2014), Diana mentions that she came from Paradise Island (the former name of Themyscira in the comics).
 * Themyscira is shown in the animated film DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year (2016).
 * Themyscira is shown in live-action films set in the DC Extended Universe:
 * In the film Wonder Woman (2017), it is portrayed in keeping with the post-Crisis version. Steve Trevor crash-lands on Themyscira after stealing a German aircraft from a base somewhere in Turkey, which implies a location somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean.
 * In the film Justice League (2017), Steppenwolf (played in motion capture by Ciaran Hinds) lands on Themyscira through a Boom Tube in a vault that is storing one of the three Mother Boxes, which contain the power of the New Gods. After Queen Hippolyta (Connie Nielsen) escapes while the Amazons fight him off, Steppenwolf successfully retrieves the box after a brief fight with the Queen and injuring several other Amazons. Before leaving, he foreshadows that Hippolyta will obey him and love him after he gains the power of the three boxes, as well as other Amazonians. Themyscira also appears in the director's cut of the film (2021).
 * In the film Wonder Woman 1984 (2020), Themyscira appears in a flashback where a young Diana Prince participates in an athletic event against older Amazons.
 * Themyscira briefly appears in the animated film Teen Titans Go! To the Movies, where a young Wonder Woman is shown practicing with the Lasso of Truth.
 * Themyscira is shown in the animated film Wonder Woman: Bloodlines (2019).
 * Themyscira appears in the 2021 film Space Jam: A New Legacy, where Lola Bunny is shown completing in a tournament hosted by Wonder Woman to become an Amazon.

Video games

 * Themyscira is one of the playable stages in the 2008 video game Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe, with several Amazons appearing in several cut scenes.
 * Themyscira is featured in several instances of DC Universe Online where the players assist Wonder Woman or Circe to help with their respective goals concerning the Amazons and an open-world version that features the Council of Wonder Women from five different universes that players aid in a fight against the Olympian Gods and New Gods. This version is composed of the island merged with the different universe's Wonder Women corresponding reality versions of their island, called Patchwork Themyscira.
 * Themyscira is a playable stage in the 2013 video game Injustice: Gods Among Us, represented as a mountaintop temple and a port area.
 * Themyscira appears in a level in Lego DC Super-Villains. Wonder Woman travels there with Harley Quinn and Cyborg to free it from Darkseid's minion Granny Goodness, who has taken the population under mind control.
 * In 2020 Roblox had a Wonder Women event set on the island of Themyscira.

title: Themyscira (DC Comics)


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Bob Johnson (actor)

Robert Cleveland Johnson (May 4, 1920 – December 31, 1993) was an American actor and voice actor who played supporting roles on series television and in films from the late 1950s until a few years before his death. Johnson is probably best known as the "voice behind the scenes," who gave Special Agents Dan Briggs and Jim Phelps their recorded mission briefings on both incarnations of the Mission: Impossible television series. The "Voice" was never identified by name, title, or position and was only heard in recordings, but nevertheless became one of the most iconic features of the show. He was the "voice on disc" for the 1980s revival of the series as well.

Prior to his work on Mission: Impossible, Johnson frequently provided the voices of numerous alien creatures on The Outer Limits. He was uncredited for all, except for his work as the alien "Senator" in the episode "Fun And Games".

Robert Cleveland Johnson was born in Portland, Oregon, and he died at the age of 73 in Molokai, Hawaii on December 31, 1993.

title: Bob Johnson (actor)


text: Category:Fur

title: Category:Fur


text:
User talk:Chris curtis chris curtis

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Chris curtis chris curtis


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Ponta do Sol, Madeira

Ponta do Sol ("Cape of the Sun") is a municipality in the southwestern coast of the island of Madeira, in the archipelago of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 8,862, in an area of 46.19 sqkm.

History
The settlement of Ponta do Sol began shortly after the discovery of the island of Madeira, around 1420.

Geography
Ponta do Sol is located between Ribeira-Brava and Calheta, on the southwest coast of Madeira, linked to Funchal (the capital) and surrounding communities by the main regional road.

The municipality is crossed by a few pedestrian hiking trails, that usually follow the levadas (aqueducts) carrying water from the mountains.

Human geography
Administratively, the municipal government is located in the civil parish (freguesia) of Ponta do Sol, while local government is handled through the three civil parishes:
 * Canhas
 * Madalena do Mar
 * Ponta do Sol - in 2011, the parish had a population of 4,577 inhabitants, in an area of 27.45 sqkm

In the mid-twentieth century, many residents of Ponta do Sol and the surrounding communities on Madeira immigrated to the Netherlands Antilles, especially the island of Curacao. This migration pattern began as both a reaction to the difficult economic conditions faced by many local residents of Ponta do Sol at the time and a response to the development of a Shell oil refinery on Curacao, which attracted immigrants from different parts of the Americas and further afield, including Portugal. While migrants from other areas of Portugal did move to the Netherlands Antilles as well, Madeirans made up the overwhelming majority of the broader group of Portuguese migrants to this island group in the Caribbean in the mid-twentieth century. Many descendants of immigrants from Madeira and Ponta do Sol in particular continue to live on Curacao today.

Economy
Historically, the main sources of income in this region has been agriculture, fishing and trade. Ponta do Sol's main harbour, although small, was a crucial commercial gateway to the western part of the island. These importation and exportation businesses fostered the creation of new activities in what became the central part of the community and created a flow of goods into the hinterland (such as local and imported goods).

Today, commercial activity is scattered throughout the municipality, while the port area of Ponta do Sol has declined in importance. In its place, the economy of the municipality has been dispersed to other parishes, particularly Canhas, which were essentially agricultural parishes, but have developed into important economic nodes, while still retaining its rural landscape. While agriculture remains the primary activity in the interior, and the fisheries industry has declined significantly, construction and industrial enterprises have conquered a prominent role in the municipality. The service industry, particularly tourism, has carved-out a portion of the income stream, with high-quality hotels or residential inns located in the countryside and urban centres.

title: Ponta do Sol, Madeira


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Amos Lee

Amos Lee (born Ryan Anthony Massaro, June 22, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter whose musical style encompasses folk, rock, and soul.

Lee has recorded five albums on Blue Note Records and has toured as an opening act for Norah Jones, Bob Dylan, Elvis Costello, Paul Simon, Merle Haggard, Van Morrison, John Prine, Dave Matthews Band, Adele, the Zac Brown Band, Jack Johnson, The Avett Brothers, and David Gray. His music has appeared on the soundtracks of numerous TV shows and movies. He has performed as a featured artist on the PBS series Bluegrass Underground, on several late night TV shows, and at a voter registration rally for Barack Obama. In 2011, his album Mission Bell debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Early life and education
Lee was born Ryan Anthony Massaro in 1977 and was raised in Kensington, Philadelphia. He moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey at age 11 and graduated from Cherry Hill High School East. Lee attended the University of South Carolina and graduated with a degree in English and a minor in education. During his college years, he developed an interest in music after being inspired by Great Days: The John Prine Anthology. During this period, he began playing the guitar and bass as part of a band and listening to the music of Donny Hathaway, Joni Mitchell, Luther Vandross, Bill Withers, and Otis Redding.

Career
After returning to Philadelphia, Lee worked as a second grade teacher at the Mary McLeod Bethune School and as a bartender at local music venues. He performed at open mic events in the area and, through his manager Bill Eib's contacts with promoters, was hired as an opening act for Mose Allison and B.B. King.

In 2003, Lee's manager Bill Eib sent a four-song demo CD to several record labels, and the representative at Blue Note Records was "immediately struck by his [Lee's] voice". Afterwards, Norah Jones heard Lee's music while visiting the record company and invited Lee to be the opening act for her 2004 tour.

The friendship between Lee's manager Bill Eib and Bob Dylan's manager Jeff Kramer resulted in Lee touring with Dylan as his opening act in early 2005. Later, Lee began touring on his own and recorded his self-titled and "widely praised" debut album of "subtle, folky soul" produced by Norah Jones' bassist, Lee Alexander which included vocals and instrumentation by Norah Jones and members of her band. After it was released, the album peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart and Lee was named one of Rolling Stone's "Top 10 Artists to Watch." One song from the album, called "Colors", appeared on the TV show Grey's Anatomy and in the film Just Like Heaven. Lee's music received additional media attention when he performed on late-night TV shows such as the Late Show with David Letterman and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.

In 2006, Lee recorded his second album, Supply and Demand, which was produced by a friend of manager Bill Eib, Philadelphia musician and producer Barrie Maguire. An NPR Music reviewer described it as having "more complicated instrumentation and production" than his prior work. The song "Shout Out Loud" was released as a single and peaked at No. 76 on the Billboard 200, and another song, called "Sweet Pea", was used in an AT&T ad campaign.

Lee's third studio album, Last Days at the Lodge was released in 2008 and re-emphasized "his grounding in folk and soul". The album peaked at number 29 on the Billboard 200 chart and Lee performed at the Change Rocks voter registration rally for Barack Obama in Philadelphia that summer opening for Bruce Springsteen.

In 2011, Lee released his fourth album on Blue Note Records, entitled Mission Bell which was produced by Joey Burns of Calexico. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, number one on the Digital Albums chart, number two on the Internet chart, and number one on the Amazon Top-Selling Albums and iTunes charts. The album's single, "Windows are Rolled Down", became a top 10 hit on USA Today's adult-alternative chart. However, the album also has the dubious distinction of being the lowest-selling, number one Billboard album as of 2011 selling only 40,000 copies. Guest artists on the album included Lucinda Williams, Willie Nelson, Priscilla Ahn, Pieta Brown, James Gadson, and Sam Beam.

Lee appeared at Farm Aid 2013 and on the compilation album, The Music Is You: A Tribute to John Denver. He released his fifth studio album, Mountains Of Sorrow, Rivers Of Song in October 2013. Lee concludes his successful US tour in 2022 in New Orleans on Halloween night debuting selections from his album Dreamland album including his biggest hit in over a decade, "Worry No More".

Lee's longtime touring band consists of Jaron Olevksy (piano, keyboards), Zach Djanikian (guitar, mandolin, saxophone, background vocals), Jay White (bass, background vocals), Ryan Hommel (guitar, background vocals), David Streim (keyboards, trumpet) and James Williams (drums).

Reception
Lee's "folksy, bluesy sound" has been compared to that of John Prine and Norah Jones. His music is said to utilize the "supple funk of his vocals and arid strum of his guitar" while recalling "the low-volume, early-'70s acoustic soul of stars like Bill Withers and Minnie Ripperton". A New York Times music critic described Lee as having a "honeyed singing voice – light amber, mildly sweet, a touch of grain" which he features "squarely, without much fuss or undue strain" in his "1970s folk rock and rustic soul" musical song craft. According to a music writer at ABC News, Lee "has that folksy, bluesy vibe, with a bit of country twang" and a voice that is "ever soulful". Simultaneously Lee has been both lauded and dismissed as the "male Norah Jones" and his lyrics are said to convey "the complexities of everyday emotions" without falling into flowery imagery. Lee's songs have appeared on a number of TV shows including House and Parenthood.

Personal life
Amos Lee describes himself as being of mixed heritage; he admits he is not fully aware of his background. He maintains a residence in West Philadelphia.

He took the stage name "Amos Lee" because he got sick of people mispronouncing his real name.

He makes appearances on the Rights to Ricky Sanchez including recording the theme song and occasionally appears as the character of Tony Toni Tatone.

DVDs

 * Live From Austin, Texas – (2008) New West
 * Amos Lee: Live from the Artists Den – (2013)

Other charted songs

 * ADid not enter the Hot 100 but charted on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.

title: Amos Lee


text:
Category:Automotive engineering

Automotive engineering is an applied science that includes elements of Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronic Engineering, Software Engineering and Safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.

title: Category:Automotive engineering