text:
Talk:Mixed language

Comment
Please provide a published source backing up the claim that Galatian is a mixed language. --Angr/undefined 18:28, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Why is this article, which is supposed to be about mixed languages, mostly not about mixed languages? I think the irrelevant stuff should be removed. Dougg 08:32, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Largely because there's so little research done on genuine mixed languages (which are extremely rare) and so much misuse of the term "mixed language" to mean "any form of a language that has been influenced in any way by another language". If you want to improve the article, however, feel free! --Angr/undefined 04:05, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Ukrainian/Russian - mixed-language or code-switching?
So, what about the western Ukraine where people are fluent in both Ukrainain and Russian and most speak a mixture of both languages - even in the same sentence? Often people will use the pronouns and pronounciation of one language while heavily borrowing words from the other language. While the grammar is very similar, I've heard that only about 30% of the vocabulary is shared. So, is this area using code-switching or is Ukrussian a mixed-language?

Maltese
Calling Maltese a mixed language shows a profound misunderstanding of both Maltese and the concept of "mixed language". Maltese is a Semitic language, specifically it's a variety of Arabic. It has a lot of loanwords from Italian and English, but its core vocabulary and all of its grammar is Arabic. It's no more a mixed language than English is (and no, English isn't one either). —Angr 17:44, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

I looked through the sources given. The two offline sources (which I don't have access to) are 50 years old and so hardly reflect up-to-date research. Many of the online sources don't actually claim that Maltese is a mixed language, so I removed them. One freely admits to inventing a new definition of "mixed language", which includes Urdu, Ottomon Turkish, and Yiddish, none of which are considered mixed languages by the conventional definition; I removed that too since this article follows the conventional definition. The remaining online sources that do make the claim are not written by linguists. So maybe 50 years ago some linguists considered Maltese a mixed language, but it seems that today, only non-linguists do. —Angr 18:13, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * As mentioned in my edit summary, you are not in a position to decide which reliable sources are more credible than others. All the sources listed claim Maltese is a mixed language.
 * And the reason Maltese is considered a mixed language is because it has both Semitic and Romance syntax patterns used coincidingly. You would be correct in saying that Maltese is classifiable as a Semitic language - because some do consider it so, but since wikipedia represents a neutral viewpoint, the fact that many linguists consider it a mixed language must also be represented too. This is your last time, before you break a 3-revert rule. You are evidently wrong, so I hope for your own reputation and credibility, you walk away with at least some of your pride intact - but the way you are going, you are simply stumbling over yourself splurting out complete rubbish in an attempt to remove all the sources. 89.242.104.114 (talk) 18:29, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry, you're just wrong. As a linguist, I am certainly in a position to distinguish between reliable and non-reliable sources, and I am definitely in a position to see what sources do not say what you claim they do. At this source you added, the term "mixed language" appears only in a section specifically denying that Maltese is one. This source never calls Maltese a mixed language. This source uses the term "mixed language" but defines it as a language in which morphology and syntax are mixed--that is not the conventional definition of mixed language, nor the one used on this page. This source freely admits it's making up its own definition of "mixed language" since they want to be able to call Urdu one. None of the online source mentions Sicanian, Sicilian Arabic, or French; maybe the offline ones do. Of the remaining online sources, none are written by linguists: three are written by computer scientists, and one is a popular encyclopedia. Of course I don't OWN this article, but as a Wikipedia editor it is my responsibility to keep ignorant misinformation out of it. —Angr 19:21, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Er, quite simply, no, I'm not "just wrong" thank you very much. This source, if you cared to read it, describes Maltese as "Semi-Romance", which I am sure that using a few braincells, you might be able to figure out how this should be interpreted. As an undoubtedly higher qualified linguist than yourself, and having stuided the language in depth for several years, I do not respect being spoken to in such an impertinent manner. There are a whole multitude of sources there, and if you are honestly suggesting that they are all invalid, I feel I have no other option than to request Mediation, not just for Comment. 89.242.104.114 (talk) 19:56, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Looking over Maltese language I see it provides no surprises – Italian and English loanwords, but thoroughly Arabic inflectional morphology, except for loanwords taking their native plurals, as they often do in English and other languages; nowhere near enough for the label "mixed language" to apply. Now, if Maltese were Arabic in its noun morphology but Italian in its verb morphology, or Arabic in its derivational morphology and Italian in its inflectional morphology, we might be getting somewhere. But as it is, the article provides no evidence to suggest the non-linguists calling Maltese a "mixed language" actually understand what the term means. You are definitely "just wrong" if you think an article saying "A first attempt of analysis of Maltese within the framework of Creole studies was put forward by Stolz (2003); according to him, Maltese – as well as Chamorro – doesn’t belong neither to the category of ‘mixed languages’ nor it may be interpreted as an example of ‘massive borrowing’ (cfr. Bakker/Mous, 1994)" supports your claim of Maltese as a mixed language. The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language indeed says "semi-Romance", but it doesn't say "mixed language", and since it also calls Albanian and English "semi-Romance", that term clearly does not imply a mixed language, since neither Albanian nor English are mixed languages, either. If there are a whole host of sources written by qualified linguists (not computer scientists, not journalists, not general-interest encyclopedia writers) in, say, the past 20 years or so, why aren't you citing them instead of the ones you have cited so far? As for our qualifications as linguists, it is the nature of Wikipedia that neither of us can prove them, so we'll have to do without dueling Ph.D. dissertations. —Angr 20:15, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

(On a sidenote, oh how I wish you would look at the Style manual - your formattings are simply annoying). And it is apparent you did not read the Maltese language article properly. It clearly states that both Semitic and Romance syntax patterns co-correlate. For instance, the idea of the trilateral consonant function of Arabic, by which the base root of a word stems from three selected consonants, with all derivatives created by rearranging them and interposting vowels, while coexisting with a Romance syntax pattern (which I am sure if you are the qualified linguist you say you are, will know is certainly different from that of the Arabic) certainly makes it Mixed. And no actually, I included this source because if you noticed, I wrote in the section about how Maltese was only classified as a Mixed language by some linguists, while others still considered it historically Semitic. Point out to me where I stated otherwise, by all means. And *cough* yes? Usually, the idea that a language is Semi-Romance, Semi-Semitic would tend to suggest a mix, but you know, I guess you must be so highly linguistically qualified with all that logic there ey? ;) And the other quotes are all reliable third party sources, and thus pass the test of reliability. 89.242.104.114 (talk) 20:31, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The Maltese article claims that the language has both Maltese and Romance syntax patterns, but it's only said that since you added it today (without sources to back you up). Before today, it only mentioned Romance vocabulary, including native pluralization and the inflection of borrowed Romance verbs by means of Arabic affixes. So what is the Romance syntax pattern? There's nothing in the article but an unsupported claim with no examples that you yourself added a few hours ago. As for the Uni Bremen quote, perhaps you intended to say that Maltese is only classified as mixed by some people, but all you did say was "Maltese is considered by many linguists to be a mixture of Romance and Semitic syntax, grammar, and vocabulary, with influences from Sicanian, Sicilian Arabic, Italian, Sicilian Italian, French, and English", without any indication of an opposing point of view. And yet you included the source that says the precise opposite. Finally, your interpretation of what Oxford meant by "semi-Romance" amounts to original research: they didn't say "mixed language", they give other examples that are clearly not mixed languages, so you cannot claim that source backs up your claim that Maltese is one. Simply "having a mix" is not sufficient to be a mixed language: code-switching, substrate effects, heavy lexical borrowing, and pidginization all involve "having a mix", but that doesn't make their results mixed languages according to the definition given here. Since English and Albanian are examples of languages that have heavy borrowing from Romance, but do not meet the definition of "mixed language", I can only conclude that when Oxford says "semi-Romance" what they mean is "having a large number of Romance loanwords", which isn't the same thing. —Angr 21:00, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * "The Maltese article claims that the language has both Maltese and Romance syntax patterns, but it's only said that since you added it today (without sources to back you up)."
 * Oh really? Well if that is the case, then why did this paragraph exist, without me adding/editing it:
 * Verbs still show a triliteral Semitic pattern, in which a verb is conjugated with prefixes, suffixes, and infixes (for example ktibna, Arabic katabna, Hebrew katavnu "we wrote"). There are two tenses: present and perfect. The Maltese verb system incorporates Romance verbs and adds Arabic suffixes and prefixes to them (for example iddeċidejna "we decided" < (i)ddeċieda 'Romance verb' + -ejna, an Arabic first person plural perfect marker).
 * Tut tut, try again. 89.242.104.114 (talk) 21:06, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
 * That says exactly what I said it says: Romance verbs take Arabic suffixes and prefixes. Maltese iddeċidejna with its Romance root and Arabic affix is identical in structure to English decided, which has a Romance root (decid-) and a Germanic affix (-ed). This is morphology, not syntax, and utterly uninteresting morphology at that, since there's nothing unusual or "mixed-language-like" about inflecting loanwords by means of native affixes. BTW, I've reported you at WP:AN/3RR. —Angr 21:26, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Our insecure Maltese socks are back. Protected the article. kwami (talk) 08:42, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

No, I'm not a "sock", but Maltese certainly sprang to mind as an example. Were it not for the extremely heavy Italian and Greek influence on vocabulary and transcription, it would be more or less Arabic.--MacRusgail (talk) 16:36, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

English has been seriously modified by French as well.

English as a creole language
Taking into account that for centuries French was the language used by the English Norman elite (Plantagenet) it is evident English is now a creole language with an importante percentage of Latin words: Liberty in Latin/Freeom in Germanic, for example. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.36.210.54 (talk) 06:02, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
 * English has a lot of French loanwords, but it is neither a mixed language nor a creole, as both of those terms describe languages where the admixture of languages goes much deeper than mere vocabulary. —Angr 06:07, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

 * IN the case of English, this is exactly what happened. The grammar, especially in the formation of plurals (ending in -s), is heavily influenced by French. It's not just vocabulary.--MacRusgail (talk) 16:38, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

 * The plural in -s is inherited from Old English, as is the rest of English grammar. +Angr 16:45, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

 * No, it's not. It's pure French. Old English plurals were usually in -en like German, e.g. men or children, or by vowel changes, e.g. geese,, feet or by a mixture of the two, e.g. kine etc. In modern German there are some plurals in -s, but these are nearly all loanwords, e.g. "kids" and so on. Old Norse and the Scandinavian languages don't have traditional plurals in -s either.

 * I suggest you go and buy a copy of Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer.--MacRusgail (talk) 00:15, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

 * If you have that in front of you, you'll see that MoE plural -es ~ -s is a direct continuation of OE masc. plural -as via MdE -es. No French there. — kwami (talk) 07:16, 2 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Exactly. I don't have Sweet, but I have other Old English grammars (as well as 2 semesters of Old English at university), and a Wikipedia article on Old English declension. The nominative/accusative plural of strong masculine o-stems in Old English is -as, as in englas "angels", dagas "days", endas "ends", mēaras "horses", dōmas "judgments", helmas "helmets", hringas "rings", wulfas "wolves", earmas "arms", mūðas "mouths", etc. etc. Even in Modern German, -s plurals aren't all loanwords (Uhus, Staus), and in Dutch, -s is the usual plural suffix for nouns ending in an unstressed syllable (eikels, bezems, havens, akkers, meisjes, kindjes). +Angr 20:47, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

 * There is some rather marginal discussion of English as a creole, but they're talking about a Saxon-Danish creole forming Old English, not an English-French creole forming Middle English. AFAIK no-one considers that creolization. kwami (talk) 08:18, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

-s is the most common plural in French by far. It isn't common at all in Old English. The reason we form nearly all plurals in -s now is absolutely nothing to do with Anglo-Saxon and everything to do with the Normans. Hence mixed language.

Dutch is not a good example, because it too has been heavily influenced by French.--MacRusgail (talk) 00:03, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, that's simply not what any historical linguist believes. The -as ending is very common in Old English, and it's the one that became productive. Maybe the fact that the French plural ending is also -s helped it oust -en (its only serious competitor) as the productive ending, but that's unprovable, and it's not really necessary. The ending was common enough already to become the productive ending even without French influence. +Angr 05:49, 3 May 2010 (UTC)
 * In any case, even if it were a French influence, it would've been just that, an influence, with French-like parts of existing English grammar being strengthened. That's nowhere near enough to call it a mixed language. — kwami (talk) 07:18, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Modern Hebrew
> However, the chief European influence on Hebrew is in pronunciation, as Hebrew grammar remains entirely Semitic.

Non-sense. The syntax of Modern Hebrew is "Standard Average European". See for example http://groups.google.com/group/sci.lang/msg/0b248d627d7379fd Why do ignorant laypeople pontificate on technical linguistic matters in Wikipedia? Well, I for one don't trust Wikipedia one iota on linguistic matters. 91.152.249.195 (talk) 18:02, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Now think very hard about why Wikipedia does't take blogs and forum posts as solid evidence; you might then want to go an re-think the sources you trust and do a bit more reading on modern Hebrew before you come up with such sweeping statements. Akerbeltz (talk) 18:13, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Peter T. Daniels isn't just some dude on the Internet, though; he is a respected linguist. But if the syntax of Hebrew has been Standard Average European all the way back to Mishnaic Hebrew, then whatever "Standard Average European" syntax means, it must include Semitic syntax. On the other hand, the "grammar" referred to in the sentence quoted above probably refers more to morphology than to syntax. +Angr 21:31, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Presumably he meant this thing Standard Average European. Akerbeltz (talk) 21:38, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * (looking up Mishnah) – By that time, wouldn't most Jews be speaking Greek? —Tamfang (talk) 01:51, 27 April 2010 (UTC)

Different point. The main article on Hebrew Modern_Hebrew says these Mixed/Creole classifications are seen as anything but mainstream; I therefore propose we move Hebrew off the list. Akerbeltz (talk) 17:58, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Chiac, a mixed language? Really?
Under "See also", a link to Chiac has been added. From the examples given in the French Wikipedia, this seems to be a register of French with a lot of English loanwords, loan meanings and loan constructions, as well as loaned phrases, but it's still clearly recognisable as derived from French, not even what I'd call regularised code-switching. The use of English lexical material, while unusually extensive, is hardly so extreme as to warrant doubt as to the genetic classification of the language. The verbal morphology is clearly French and there is plenty of French lexical material. I fail to see where what happens in Chiac constitutes a mixed language. I'll remove the link and change the classification of Chiac in its infobox to reflect its unambiguous French nature. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:46, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

That said, Chiac looks very much like the type of language that arises in a bilingual environment, especially where a small immigrant (or autochthonous minority) community is surrounded by speakers of a major language, which is also the lingua franca or native language of the wider community (usually country), necessary for anything beyond the borders of the immigrant community. This is a sort of language island situation. Just have a look at Texas German. In such cases, the immigrant community is normally fully bilingual and even if children raised in the community have learned the immigrant language first, the national language is so widely used that it may be dominant in the speakers when they use it more frequently than their first language, and may not use their first language regularly. In such cases, the second language may strongly influence the first language on all levels, not only material (typical of superstrate interference) but also structure (typical of substrate influence). This is anything but an unusual phenomenon! And it's not even a modern phenomenon, either. It's just that minority languages were rarely recorded in ancient times, but we do have a few glimpses of ancient languages like this, such as Gaulish with strong Latin influence. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 20:22, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Proposals
Time for a revisit after more than 2 years. I see some blunders corrected but others persist, and new ones added. This article isn't consistent with itself.

 * The fusion of more than two languages is not attested.

and so on

 * few languages are "mixed languages" in the specific sense here.

 * Most portmanteau language names, such as Franglais and Anglo-Romani, are not mixed languages

Is there even one example that is?

 * English developed from such a situation, incorporating many Norman borrowings into Anglo-Saxon, but it is not considered a mixed language.

This passage seems to suggest that there is something wrong with the standard technical definition "mixed language".

 * Cappadocian Greek, comprising mostly Greek root words, but with many Turkish grammatical endings and Turkish vowel harmony, and no gender.

Relexification. I'm really at odds here why relexification (of a massive scale) should be interpreted as "mixed language"?!?

 * Media Lengua, an inherited Quechua grammar and phonology with a borrowed Spanish lexicon (see relexification).

Relexification.

 * Erromintxela, which derives most of its lexicon from Kalderash Romani but uses Basque grammar and syntax.

Relexification.

 * Bonin Mixed Language, of the Bonin Islands, a mixture of American English and Japanese with additional Polynesian and Melanesian influences.

The fusion of more than two languages is not attested.

 * Surzhyk, a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian spoken in Ukraine, especially the Central area.

Even the wiki article doesn't describe it as a mixed language. Laypeople on the discussion page pontificate on the issue.

 * Revived Cornish, which often uses Breton and Welsh as sources of vocabulary and guides to pronunciation and grammar.

OMG! We are accepting some people's invented language pet projects now!

 * Yeniche (a mixture of German, Yiddish, and Romani).

The fusion of more than two languages is not attested. Besides, the "language" is really a) German with loanwords b) not a native language to anyone nowadays or c) "secret language" (a bit like pig latin) 85.131.18.14 (talk) 00:29, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not our job to judge which languages are mixed and which are not. If reliable sources on the specific topic, such as Thomason and Kaufman, describe Cappadocian Greek as a mixed language in the narrow, technical sense, we should reflect that. I agree that most of the examples are dubious, especially those in the list of possible mixed languages, but that's why they are only listed as possible examples.
 * That said, however, the distinction between "normal" languages with a single ancestor but massive lexical influence from other languages, relexified languages, mixed languages, pidgin and creole languages is not at all clear to me. It seems all like a matter of degree, with no clear-cut boundaries and many in-between cases, shades of grey. How much does a language have to borrow, and in which domain, to qualify as mixed or a pidgin/creole? What if we don't know the history of the language, or at least of the speakers or precise social context or situation in which the language developped? What if the history is known, but falls in between the prototypical cases and situations? Contact linguistics has a lot to answer for, and some linguists has even started to doubt whether the notion of creole language is really useful. Elena Skribnik has similarly wondered if the reason that Mednyj Aleut is considered a mixed language rather than a creole may simply be connected with the synthetic morphology of both languages and thus merely typological (to uphold the idea that pidgins/creoles are always morphologically simplified), even though the situation in which Mednyj Aleut arose is quite similar to that of creole languages. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:18, 6 November 2012 (UTC)

 * It should still be pointed out in the article that not all researchers adopt a definition of "mixed language" that is so wide as to include cases of heavy borrowing, like Asia Minor Greek. For instance, Bakker, in A Language of Our Own: The Genesis of Michif (1997) explicitly excludes cases like Asia Minor Greek from his definition of "mixed language" (p.195. "borrowing languages still belong to one language family. They did not become mixed languages. Asia Minor Greek is basically Greek, Kormakiti Arabic is basically Arabic, and so on"). On the other hand, Croft, in Matras et al. (ed.), The Mixed Language Debate, explicitly includes them, as do, of course, Thomason & Kaufman. Fut.Perf. ☼ 07:32, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

Fall 2013 Linguistics 150 Wikipedia Project Comments/Feedback
GvargasLing150 (talk) 05:56, 6 November 2013 (UTC)Several students enrolled in a Sociolinguistics class at University of California, Berkeley, will be making some major edits to this page for the coming weeks. We hope to expand on several sections and re-work the definition of a mixed language, including how they differ from pidgins, creoles, and code-switching. We would appreciate any constructive feedback!
 * OK. Just remember to cite published, peer-reviewed sources. Aɴɢʀ (talk) 10:44, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

I think this page could be improved by using language that is a bit more formal. Sentences like "Every language is mixed to some extent[1] but few languages are "mixed languages" in the specific sense meant here" and "The Metis of St. Laurent, a tribe of indigenous people in Canada, were made to feel their language was a sign of inferiority" seem a bit casual. Also, a lot of the sentences have many clauses that make the page feel disjointed and the ideas get lost. (Ex: Finally, a mixed language differs from code-switching, such as Spanglish or Portuñol, in that, once it has developed, the fusion of the source languages is fixed in the grammar and vocabulary, and speakers do not need to know the source languages in order to speak it.) The lone example under Sociolinguistic Aspects seems a bit strange (why does only that example demonstrate Socioling Aspects?). You need an explanation of how this example demonstrates certain sociolinguistic aspects, and even define what you mean by sociolinguistic aspects. That said, I like the examples under Cases and thought they were interesting! Yaylinguistics (talk) 09:49, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

Really interesting page! I would suggest changing the heading for the Definitions section, as it seems to be more of a compare and contrast section (which is valuable) rather than a list of definitions concerning mixed languages. The "Sociolinguistics Aspects" section seems a bit odd to me as well. Perhaps it is too descriptive and does not include enough analysis as to what exactly is sociolinguistic about the Michif case. It is also a bit awkward to have "Michif" again as a subsection in "Cases of Mixed Languages" right under where it originally appeared in "Sociolinguistic Aspects." Maybe find a way to converge them? Nice job overall! EmmaKylie (talk) 19:30, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

I think the topic of the this page is really sociolinguistically meaningful. All languages deserve to be distinguished and appreciated for the sake of their own culture. The group has clearly differentiated mixed languages from other similar types of language mix. However, I would suggest changing the title for the 'definitions' section, since the section is mainly composed of various comparisons instead of formal definitions. Also, it would be nice to include some examples of how each mixed language differ from the parent languages in expressing the same idea. Examples could be more straightforward than stating grammatical rules in prose in demonstrating the differences. Other than that, I think this page is quite organized and easy to follow. Danleiseveny (talk) 04:51, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Really great page! I appreciated how easy it was to understand and follow. I liked the simplistic language that was used, but I agree that a more formal tone would be appropriate. Good job on all the hyperlinks at the beginning and the “See also” section.
 * I found it a bit strange that “Michif” was a subsection of two separate sections. I agree that you should converge them somehow. Unless you have any other examples of “sociolinguistic aspects,” perhaps you could make that a subheading under “Michif” in “Cases of mixed languages.”
 * Some examples in your “Cases of mixed languages” section use technical terms that the average non-linguist might not understand. It would be helpful to include more hyperlinks or explanations. For example, you should explain what is meant by “TAM auxiliaries” in your “Gurindji Kriol” subsection. AnnaCG93 (talk) 05:03, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Another great page! I thought the introduction was very straightforward and easy to follow. In the definition section, I think it would be nice to have a concrete definition, either at the beginning or at the end, that synthesizes everything you guys mention that "it is not like" to show what it is. I would hyperlink 'Michif' the first time you bring the word up in the sociolinguistic aspects section. Great cases of mixed languages section! MildlyImpressed (talk) 05:49, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Header/subheader names should be uncapitalized (except for the first word).
 * Good clarifications on the differences between 'mixed language' and other similar terms. As MildlyImpressed brought up, it may be helpful to also start the section with a concrete definition (that is more detailed than the one given in the intro section, of course). Perhaps you could quote a definition by an expert on mixed languages (or multiple quotes if there is conflict over the definition among different linguists).
 * I think the Michif example in the "Sociolinguistic aspects" section was interesting. You could give a more general overview/explanation of sociolinguistic aspects, though, so that the section doesn't just revolve around one example.
 * The "Cases of mixed languages" section has a good level of detail! There are some formatting issues in the "Other mixed languages" section, though, with the unnecessary white space and subheader capitalization. Drbazzi (talk) 07:53, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Great page! I like your definition of mixed languages, and the introduction paragraph is very helpful and clear-cut. I agree that the manner of writing could be more formal to make it more academic. Also, a minor suggestion: in the Definition section, maybe after the first paragraph, you could include one sentence saying what other similar concepts there are. This makes it easier on the reader when they go to the second paragraph where it starts off with differentiating mixed languages and pidgins--it is a little abrupt without an introduction of the potential confusions among those similar terms. Other than that (I'm not sure which parts you modified the most on this page), it's a great, well-structured page! Crfrances (talk) 18:43, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Excellent page! I agree with a few of the above commentors that the "Sociolinguistic aspects" section is redundant, at least in its present form. This section should discuss general patterns seen in mixed languages and how those languages arise from specific social dynamics. The examples are good, and I also appreciated that you provided a more exhaustive list of hyperlinks at the bottom of the page. Great work! Kdinatale (talk) 07:16, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Excellent work! I actually like the portion under sociolinguistic aspects, but recommend you expand it beyond just michif. The examples are excellent, and yay for hyperlinking. I agree with the more formal writing critique, as sometimes it feels unclear as to what ya'll are referring to. But for a first draft, this is excellent work!Hamzajaka (talk) 22:01, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

Nice page! I also agree that the Sociolinguistic Aspects section is a bit odd. Anyway, I think you could break up the Definitions section into subsections for clarity and ease of reading. Perhaps the subsections could be something like "Mixed language and intertwined language," "Mixed language vs. Pidgins/Creoles," and "Mixed language vs. Code-Switching." Also, in the fourth paragraph, the definition for a pidgin language wasn't very clear. Mentioning mixed languages and fluency twice (in that same paragraph) was a bit redundant. In the fifth paragraph, you should provide a short definition of code-switching. I thought you gave some nice examples. Good job! Elizalinguistics (talk) 08:27, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

The discussion of specific mixed languages is the strong point of this page, but the higher-level descriptive and theoretical discussion, which is very, very important, still requires considerable attention. In summary, the primary areas that require attention are the higher-level conceptual ones; the discussions of specific languages are quite good. Ldmanthroling (talk) 17:05, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The 'Definition' section needs some work, as several commenters suggested; The definition of a mixed languages as a language "that combines lexical items and grammar of two (or more) languages that can be easily identified" is not quite precise enough (e.g., I'm not sure it excludes Post-Norman Invasion English), and it is moreover not clear what is meant by 'combination'. I think that you need to both make clear the nature of the systematic splits one finds in the grammar of mixed languages and exemplify these splits so that the reader can grasp what your talking about. Note also that this section has no linked citations, which is a real weakness.
 * The 'Differentiation..." section has no linked citations. It is also somewhat unclear, since it is not based on a good definition of 'mixed language' -- see above.
 * "Mixed Language speakers are fluent, even native, speakers of both languages." Not true! They may be monolingual speakers of the mixed language. It is true that at the point of genesis of the mixed language, bilingualism was crucial, but that is not necessarily true subsequently.
 * Shouldn't the 'Sociolinguistic Aspects' section discuss the sociolinguistic contexts of the emergence of mixed languages in general, as several commenters suggest, possibly with discussion of specific cases, and not a discussion of discrimination against Míchif speakers, which doesn't really have anything to do with mixed languages as such. I think the absence of any focused discussion of the social contexts for the emergence of mixed languages needs to be remedied.

Excellent job, this is a difficult topic to explain for a variety of reasons. I agree with Lev that you should fix the factual error about Mixed language speakers bilingualism. To my knowledge the fact that some speakers are monolingual is a really crucial piece of evidence for a mixed language. I don't really have a problem with the language you use that has been deemed "informal," but it is true that for a wikipedia article you perhaps want to be more concise. Your examples are very good, but I agree with Lev that more info on the higher level conceptual aspects seems necessary. Efgoodrich (talk) 17:14, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

I was really impressed by the Cases of Mixed Languages section. The descriptions are thorough, but easy to understand. I think with a few exceptions, you went into the right amount of detail in breaking down both the social and linguistic elements to each of the mixed languages you describe there (I mean, is it really necessary to explain the "token" system?). However, I think your introduction and Definitions sections could be worked on a bit. I know a lot of it is left over from the original page, but I think it would be helpful to edit them with some of the information from our discussion of mixed languages in lecture, which contradicted some of the information here, and to clean up the writing a bit. The intro especially is a bit wordy. But overall, it was a well done page. Frannieu12 (talk) 04:56, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

The page really helped my understanding of mixed languages. However, the case studies could be somewhat more "animated" -- a chart of the "linguistic faults" where the two languages split would be very useful! Other than that, the definitions really did help make mixed languages stick. Warrenmcbieber (talk) 20:51, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

As others have said, the strongest part of the page is the examples section. The links to individual pages on each of the mixed languages provide a great deal of case studies that can help shape the reader's perception of mixed languages. Here are some suggestions for improving the top sections. Introduction: Either remove the part about emerging ethnic groups or elaborate more on this topic in the non-examples sections of the page. Definitions: Reword the end of the second sentence of the second paragraph...it becomes difficult to read towards the end. Remove mention of Ardens...a citation should suffice. Differentiation with other language mixtures: rename section to Mixed languages vs. language mixtures, or something else to correct what I think is an improper prepositional idiom "differentiation with". You call Spanglish an example of codeswitching, but the Spanglish page calls it a pidgin. Finally, citations are needed for this section and the Definitions section. Jeffbutters (talk) 05:08, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

Good job. The Cases of Mixed Languages section is super. Like some others have pointed out, providing more citations would be good, adequately describing the overarching concepts related to mixed languages is pretty pertinent, and cleaning up the wording in general is an inevitable 'must'. M.karie (talk) 03:18, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

Nicely done. I think the organization of this page is really well thought out and contributes to a nice overall flow of the argument. I would recommend re-wording some of it; particularly in the "definitions" section, the prose gets a little bit wordy and long-winded. I think the writing could be made clearer by shortening some of the sentences. Also, you may think about changing the title of the "definitions" section, as it seems to highlight competing theories more than just the definitions. Perhaps just re-titling it "competing definitions" would suffice. Tinydancer.egreen (talk) 18:11, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

Great page! Nice reorganizing; it's also well cited. I agree with above commenters that the 'Definition" section is a little wordy and could maybe be restructured. Small nitpicks: for the "Light Walpiri" section, perhaps making a paragraph break for why it's considered a new language would be easier to read. Also, I don't know that the last section of Michif about the 'token-system' is a little unnecessary. If you want to keep it, then maybe expand on it or reword it so it fits into the rest of the section better? Overall, though, very informative. Catclawnym (talk) 19:50, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

questionable languages
Languages are constantly being called "mixed" because of foreign influence, and some of that ends up here. We really need sources, at least in the main articles. So, we describe Bonin English as a creole, Yeniche as jargon (though in an exceptionally bad article), Surzhyk looks macaronic, and Jopara just looks like a case of heaving borrowing like in Chicano Spanish. (After all, Japanese conjugates some English verbs like 'double' following Japanese patterns, but no-one considers Japanese to be a mixed language.) I tagged these for refs, and plan on removing them soon if we don't find any. And I removed Surzhyk as the very first example in the article, considering we haven't even shown it to belong in the article. — kwami (talk) 09:08, 12 November 2013 (UTC)

 * We're down to Erromintxela. If it counts as mixed, wouldn't all or at least many Para-Romani languages count as well?  We have classified them all as mixed in their info boxes, so settling this question will affect several articles.  — kwami (talk) 04:13, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

 * All the sources I could find on Erromintxela are in the article already. I think the problem is that, having just re-read this article, the definition of a mixed language seems extremely vague. I get the bit that about creoles/pidgins but the last paragraph is really confusing, the bit makes specific reference to Anglo-Romani. I know what a register is and Anglo-Romani has registers itself but I cannot see how anyone could classify AR as a register of English. If AR is a register of English, the Erromintxela is a register of Basque but I don't think that works. Akerbeltz (talk) 11:47, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

 * The Only reasonable thing we can do is to include the languages that hae been called mixed with a source to who called them that ad include the criteria under which they weredefined as such. We dont decid whose definitions are right and which are wrong.User:Maunus ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 14:45, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

Petuh dialect is an unref'd orphan that could use review. — kwami (talk) 04:09, 11 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The other languages' articles on Petuh have some refs that could be used; they're not in English, though. Aɴɢʀ (talk) 10:26, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

Duplication of content
There is near verbatim duplication of the final two paragraphs of the Definitions section as the final two paragraphs of the following Differentiation section.

I don't know which section they better belong in. Thryduulf (talk) 03:17, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

Confusion in the Michif section
I don't get this sentence at all: "Because missionaries and Bretons stigmatized Michif French..." Missionaries I understand, but how and by what authority did the inhabitants of Bretagne, far across the sea on a distant continent, persecute Manitoban peoples? Laodah (talk) 06:46, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Having received no explanation for this mystery, I've removed the reference to Bretons in this section. Laodah 19:43, 21 February 2015 (UTC)

NPOV
While it is true that there continues to be some debate about whether "Mixed language" is a useful category, I think this article overstates the argument against it and gives undue weight to the anti-mixed languages viewpoint which I think is the minority view in linguistics, particularly in contact linguistics. I also think it generally gets the issue rather backwards because it focuses on the question of question of the existence of a category of mixed languages, instead of on the process of language mixing or entwinement that produces those languages. The lead gives undue weight to Max Müller, Whitney and Schmidt, whose views are almost entirely irrelevant for the modern debate. IN short I don't think the article is currently as neutral and informative as it ought to be, for which reason I have placed the "NPOV" tag at the top.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 16:31, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Yeah, my impression is that the real debate is over what should be considered mixed, as a useful definition, and how we could tell for any particular case. — kwami (talk) 21:20, 21 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The only article I could find that outright disputes that there are any mixed languages, and that the category has usefulness is Versteegh's which is from a 2017 monogrpah about Maltese (Maltese is not considered a mixed language today) and which of course has not been cited by anyone yet (because it is too new). I think better references would be Viveka Vellupillai's 2015 book, and the many works by Yaron Matras. The debate as you say, is really about the degree to which the concept is meaningful, and here there are obvious reasons that traditional historical linguistsfocusing on genetic classification may find it less useful than more sociolinguistically minded historical linguists.·maunus · snunɐɯ· 07:41, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

ANTH474 - Pidgins, Creoles and Created Language student editing
Hello, I am teaching a WikiEdu course (ANTH474)which involves editing pages related to contact languages. The students and I will be editing this page together in class on Sept. 25th, 2018 in order to practice evaluating and editing other articles. If you have concerns or feedback on our edits, please reply here. Thanks. CESchreyer (talk) 20:32, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

Reo Rapa
See. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 03:55, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

N-V V-N
Coming to this article by chance ... I was fascinated by the examples and by the debates regarding a definition. I would probably want to carry out #2 above jw (talk) 11:38, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I have clarified the description of Michif by stating that it is V-N, and removed the clarification needed tag. I trust that this meets with approval jw (talk) 11:38, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
 * If you disagree then please consider the alternatives
 * 1) remove N-V statement entirely from Michif
 * 2) include a definition of V-N further up the page, i.e. in the definitions section, citing Michif, Gurindji Kriol, and Light Warlpiri as examples; and perhaps remove the need to state that Gurindji Kriol is V-N. Note also that Bakker has a different term for "V-N" (which escapes me for the moment).

title: Talk:Mixed language


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Talk:Galatian language

[Untitled]
Please provide a published source backing up the claim that Galatian is a mixed language. --Angr/undefined 18:28, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Isn't Ankara a Galatian word? Grant65 | Talk 09:28, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. I believe it's from Greek Αγκυρα (Ankyra) meaning "anchor". Angr/ talk 09:37, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It is claimed to be Galatian in the Ankara article. Grant65 | Talk 11:01, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Not anymore, it's not! ;-) Angr/ talk 11:22, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That's because the Ankara article is probably edited by Turks. Miskin 15:26, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Map
The map seems to show ca. 2nd century A.D. Roman sub-provincial boundaries -- is there any real evidence that the area where the Galatian language was spoken was identical with the area of the Roman administrative unit? AnonMoos 13:54, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Right, that map's intended to illustrate administrative boundaries. Now compare those with this map of Galatian place-names and La Tène archaeological material, put together by the good folks at the University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. By and large, the correspondence is good; however, there's at least a scattering of Galatian material elsewhere; and also the southern stretches of administrative Galatia, stretching down towards Konya (i.e. the region north of the word Lycaonia on the map) don't show any signs of Galatian settlement. Now, anybody can buy, steal, or imitate La Tène archaeological material regardless of one's language; but the place-names at least are direct linguistic witness. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 00:20, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

contribs) 07:56, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

<origin of the word "reis" in modern turkish : please be advised that, the origin of the word "reis" in modern turkish, is very clearly regarding its etymology; actually it is one of the best traceble foreign words in turkish today.

the word "reis", is directly borrowed from arabic word "re's" which means "the head"..it is the exact equivalent of the word "captain", frequently used as "chief, or chieftain" as well.

this word is definitely NOT of galatian origin..i'd request from the author of the paragraph, to correct this mistake..regards —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sivrisinek (talk • contribs) 08:01, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

I do not know of any resources that claim that "reis" is of Galatian origin. As far as I know, the word is Arabic: http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/search.asp?w=reis&x=0&y=0 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sinanozel (talk • contribs) 10:05, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Use of Greek in Galatia
In AD 50, when St Paul was writing his Epistle to the Galatians, Greek was the language of communication throughout the Roman Empire, not only in the eastern areas, but also in the western areas, presumably due to the ancient Greek colonies in Sicily, Naples, southern Gaul etc. Latin on the other hand was initially used mainly as the legal language (for edicts and laws) in the Roman Empire until AD 380. Which incidentally explains why the Welsh do not speak a Romance language today. I may be totally wrong here - references and sources to disprove my claim are most welcome. Shylock--131.111.222.98 (talk) 21:06, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Umm, LATIN that was the lingua franca of the western Roman empire, LOL. Cagwinn (talk) 23:01, 7 October 2014 (UTC)
 * In AD 50? That was quick... Seriously, do you or Taivo have a good reference for adding to the article, showing that Greek was displaced by Latin as early as AD 50 in the western Greek colonies? There is a possibility you are right, after all - I am thinking of the trilingual reference cited on the Gaulish page. This interesting wikipage also is worth looking at: Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul - sounds like the Greek question has not yet been resolved. On the other hand, in Pompeii most inscriptions/graffiti are in Greek (I can recommend a visit!), and that is AD 79. Shylock--81.135.37.68 (talk) 06:46, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Talk Pages are for the purpose of discussion for improving the article to which they are attached. This article is about the Galatian language.  As such, this Talk Page has nothing to do with either the Latin language or the western Mediterranean Basin.  This whole section is irrelevant therefore.  Take your question about the use of Latin in Spain and Italy to a more appropriate page.  Galatian was displaced by Greek and not by Latin.  Any references about the use of Latin in Spain are irrelevant for this article.  If I cared about the answer to this question (which I really don't), I'd check out Ostler's A Language History of the World for starters and then Janson's A Natural History of Latin.  But unless you're talking specifically about Asia Minor, the province of Galatia in particular, and the time period for the supplanting of Galatian, then it's irrelevant here.  --Taivo (talk) 08:19, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks Taivo, but you may be missing my point. The direct relevance for this Galatian article is your unreferenced amendment "Greek being the medium of communication in the eastern part of the Roman Empire." You made it sound as if Greek was not being widely used in the west. If this is really what you intended to say, then one wonders how Christianity managed to spread across the early Roman Empire with a Greek Bible... If you can disambiguate/revert your wording, or alternatively confirm that Greek lost/never had a role as a lingua franca in the west in AD 50, I would be grateful. But I will not dwell on the point. Shylock--81.135.37.68 (talk) 09:19, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter what the lingua franca in the west was, in 50, in 100, in 350, ever. We're not talking about the west.  We're talking about Asia Minor, which was in the east.  I put "east" there just so that we avoided any discussion of the west at all because it is irrelevant.  I respect your curiosity, but it's misplaced here.  That's my point.  Ask away at some article where it's relevant.  That's not here.  The western Mediterranean and the eastern Mediterranean basins had radically different histories of linguae francae, both in and out of the empire.  --Taivo (talk) 12:56, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for confirming my suspicion (albeit unconsciously - such is the imperfection of human communication) and thanks for your patience with this irksome pedant. So I am now disambiguating the text. Take a look in a moment. Problem solved, everyone happy, I hope. Shylock--81.135.37.68 (talk) 15:06, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * You don't know what you are doing - you clearly have no expert knowledge on this subject and you are making a mess of the article. Please stop.Cagwinn (talk) 16:14, 8 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Cagwinn, it is nice to see you enjoying yourself. Shylock — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.135.37.68 (talk) 18:01, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

name
Δομνείων (Domneiū): there reads "Domneíôn". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.47.57.0 (talk) 02:08, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

Gàidhlig in Scotland is a Celtic language as much as Irish and Welsh
In the etymologies listed after Galatian names Irish and Welsh cognates are given, although Welsh is a more relevant language when discussing Gaulish dialects. Wikipedia should include Gàidhlig, or Scottish Gaelic, alongside Welsh and Irish as it is a living Celtic language with a distinct identity and literature. 87.129.200.156 (talk) 22:03, 6 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Galatian language


text:
Past, Present & Future (Rob Zombie album)

Past, Present & Future is a 2003 retrospective collection of the music of Rob Zombie. It includes selections of his work with White Zombie and his solo career, as well as two previously unreleased tracks. It won a Metal Edge Readers' Choice Award for Compilation Album of the Year.

The explicit version includes a bonus DVD with ten of Rob Zombie's / White Zombie's music videos; all are edited versions.

Track listing
1 Richard Raymond Finch, Harry Wayne Casey 2 Lionel B. Richie, Ronald LaPread, Walter Orange, Milan Williams, Thomas McClary, William King 3 Jeffrey Hyman, John Cummings, Douglas Colvin, Thomas Erdelyi
 * Lyrics

A version of "Girl on Fire" remixed by Danny Lohner entitled (Resident Renholder Mix) was also later released on the Resident Evil: Apocalypse soundtrack.


text: Talk:Hong Kong cuisine

title: Talk:Hong Kong cuisine


text:
User:Dark Lord of the Sith Revan

Hi welcome to my page. A just started it, so don't expect anything for a while.

title: User:Dark Lord of the Sith Revan


text:
Talk:Base station

Untitled
Despite much 'anecdotal' evidence which indicates there are health problems associated with living near mobile phone base stations my personal experience of living within 150 metres of a transmitter only add to the mountain of surfacing evidence. Basically, the human experiment of my family living close by has served to re-enforce the view that base station emmissions interfere with human sleep patterns and over a period of time will cause us to be 'run down'. I would like to dedicate this page to others experiences of this type of non-ionizing radiation. Please feel free to comment in a structured way.

Maybe 'non-ionizing radiation' would be a better place for this? This isn't about base stations. -BK 65.213.77.129 13:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Maybe you just can't sleep. Why do people always look for something to blame their problems on. You even posted it under the wrong thing. Quit Whining. If it was a problem to health, they would probably get rid of wireless providers all together. While there is evidence supporting both sides, the article will stay neutral. What ever IP adress keeps adding "CELL TOWERS SUCK AND SHOULD NOT BE BUILT IN PEOPLE'S BACK YARDS" should be banned also. I have taken their comments out multiple times.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Base station


text:
ASI

Asi or ASI may refer to:

Asi

 * Asi, a Russian name for the Ossetians
 * Asi, another name for the Orontes River
 * Asi language, a language spoken in Southern Philippines, mainly in the islands comprising the province of Romblon
 * Asi, Muscogee language for the black drink brewed by Native Americans of the Southeastern United States
 * Así, album by Benny Ibarra
 * Asi (Mahabharata), a sword in the Sanskrit epic poem Mahabharata
 * Asi (TV series), a Turkish TV series
 * Asi Taulava (born 1973), Filipino-Tongan professional basketball player

Technology

 * AS-Interface (written "AS-i"), or Actuator Sensor Interface, a type of fieldbus
 * Airspeed indicator
 * Asynchronous serial interface, standardised transport interface for the broadcast industry
 * Advanced Switching Interconnect, a peer-to-peer enhancement of PCI Express
 * Area-specific impedance, a measure of Acoustic impedance
 * Automatic Semicolon Insertion in JavaScript
 * Artificial superintelligence
 * Autonomous Solutions, Inc., technology company

Organizations

 * Adam Smith Institute, a neoliberal think tank in the United Kingdom
 * Advertising Specialty Institute, an American company serving the advertising specialty industry
 * American Share Insurance, a private deposit insurer
 * Animals & Society Institute, a scholarly society for human-animal studies
 * Anthropological Survey of India, agency for anthropological studies of India
 * Applied Spectral Imaging, a biomedical company
 * Archaeological Services Inc., Canadian archaeological and cultural company
 * Archaeological Survey of India, agency for archaeological research and preservation in India
 * Artemis Society International, a 1990s lunar colonization effort connected to the Moon Society
 * Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency)
 * Asian Social Institute, a social sciences research institute and graduate school in Manila, the Philippines
 * American Strategic Insurance, an American insurance company

Other uses

 * Ancestral South Indian, in genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
 * Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam
 * Anti-suit injunction, a legal injunction
 * Arrêt sur images, a French television program
 * Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police, a rank in the Indian police
 * RAF Ascension Island (IATA airport code ASI)

title: ASI


text:
User:Gregor Jones

uh

title: User:Gregor Jones


text:
Talk:Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick

Untitled
Original material- Copyright Information

Quote

Links to Department sites are welcomed. Unless a copyright is indicated, information on the Department of State Web Site is in the public domain and may be copied and distributed without permission. Citation of the U.S. State Department as source of the information is appreciated.

If a copyright is indicated on a photo, graphic, or other material, permission to copy these materials must be obtained from the original source. Please note that the U.S. Government has an international copyright on Country Commercial Guides.

End quote

Plame
Mentioned by Wilson in his NYTimes piece:

''After consulting with the State Department's African Affairs Bureau (and through it with Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick, the United States ambassador to Niger), I agreed to make the trip. The mission I undertook was discreet but by no means secret. While the C.I.A. paid my expenses (my time was offered pro bono), I made it abundantly clear to everyone I met that I was acting on behalf of the United States government.''

 * The quote above makes no connection to Plame. I can see where a link to Wilson might be appropriate, but there is not even a mention of Wilson in the article.--Mr j galt 06:05, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It certainly links her to the Plame affair. Feel free to edit the article, to include the appropriate mention. If not, I will when I'm able. Thanks! -- User:RyanFreisling @ 06:10, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

RfC opened for Mr j galt
An RfC has been opened here.-- User:RyanFreisling @ 22:34, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barbro Owens-Kirkpatrick


text:
User talk:Gregor Jones

uh

title: User talk:Gregor Jones


text: User:Sagitario

title: User:Sagitario


text:
Marin Alsop

Marin Alsop ( born October 16, 1956) is an American conductor, the first woman to win the Koussevitzky Prize for conducting and the first conductor to be awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. She is music director laureate of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra and chief conductor of the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Ravinia Festival, and the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and to the American Philosophical Society in 2020.

Early life and education
Alsop was born in New York City to Ruth E. (Condell) and Keith Lamar Alsop, both professional string players, and grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. She was educated at the Masters School and studied violin at the Juilliard School's Pre-College Division, graduating in 1972. She attended Yale University as a mathematics major, but transferred to Juilliard, where she earned a Bachelor of Music (1977) and a Master of Music (1978) in violin. While at Juilliard, Alsop played with orchestras such as the New York Philharmonic and the New York City Ballet.

Alsop was commencement speaker at Juilliard's 116th Commencement Ceremony on June 18, 2021 in Damrosch Park, where she was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music.

Early career
After failing three times to win admission to Juilliard's conducting program, Alsop founded the New York String Ensemble in 1981, the female jazz ensemble String Fever, and in 1984 Concordia, a 50-piece orchestra specializing in twentieth-century American music. In 1983 she was concertmaster in a recording session of Philip Glass's chamber opera The Photographer. In 1985, she played violin on the original Broadway cast recording of the musical Big River. She won the Koussevitzky Prize as outstanding student conductor at the Tanglewood Music Center in 1989, where she met her hero and future mentor Leonard Bernstein. She was the first woman to win the prize.

Cabrillo Festival, Colorado Symphony
Alsop was music director of the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music from 1992 to 2016. From 1993 to 2005, she was first principal conductor and then music director of the Colorado Symphony; she was then named the orchestra's conductor laureate. Alsop also served as associate conductor of the Richmond Symphony in Richmond, Virginia, from 1988 to 1990, music director of the Eugene Symphony in Eugene, Oregon from 1989 to 1996, music director of the Long Island Philharmonic from 1990, music director of the Oregon Festival of American Music from 1992 to 1996, and Creative Conductor Chair for the St. Louis Symphony from 1994 to 1996. In 2002, she co-founded the Taki Concordia Conducting Fellowship, now the Taki Alsop Conducting Fellowship, for female conductors. On September 20, 2005, Alsop became the first conductor ever to receive a MacArthur Fellowship.

Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
In September 2005, Alsop was appointed the 12th music director of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, having been named music director designate for the 2006–2007 concert season. She was the first woman appointed to lead a major American orchestra. The appointment generated some controversy among orchestra members, who felt they had not been sufficiently consulted. Alsop successfully addressed their concerns. In June 2009, the orchestra announced the extension of her contract for another five years, through August 2015.

In July 2013, the BSO announced a further extension of her contract as music director through the 2020–2021 season. In February 2020, the orchestra announced that Alsop would conclude her music directorship of the orchestra at the close of the 2020–2021 season and take the title of music director laureate. She conducted a series of three farewell concerts in summer 2021.

Alsop's initiatives with the BSO have included the Webumentary Film Series, a free iTunes podcast titled Clueless About Classical, and the OrchKids program, directed at underprivileged Baltimore children. In August 2015, Alsop was appointed director of graduate conducting at the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University, succeeding one of her mentors, Gustav Meier.

Additional US career
In 2020, the Ravinia Festival announced the appointment of Alsop as its inaugural chief conductor. In February 2022, the Ravinia Festival announced the extension of Alsop's contract through 2025. In January 2024, The Philadelphia Orchestra announced the appointment of Alsop as its next principal guest conductor, effective with the 2024-2025 season, with an initial contract of 3 seasons.

Outside the US
In the UK, Alsop has served as principal guest conductor with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and with the City of London Sinfonia. She was Principal Conductor of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra from 2002 to 2008, the first female principal conductor in the orchestra's history. She was voted Gramophone magazine's Artist of the Year in 2003 and won the Royal Philharmonic Society's conductor's award in the same season.

In April 2007, Alsop was one of eight conductors of British orchestras to endorse the 10-year classical music outreach manifesto "Building on Excellence: Orchestras for the 21st Century" that called for increasing the presence of classical music in the UK, including giving all British schoolchildren free entry to a classical music concert. Alsop received an honorary degree of Doctor of Music from Bournemouth University on November 7, 2007. Alsop served as an Artist-in-Residence at the Southbank Centre, London, for the 2011–2012 season. In 2013, she was the first woman to conduct at the Last Night of the Proms, she returned in 2015 and again in 2023.

In 2012, Alsop became principal conductor of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (OSESP),  the first female principal conductor of OSESP. In July 2013, OSESP granted her the title of music director and in April 2015 extended her contract to the end of 2019. Alsop led the orchestra on a European tour, including its first appearance at the Proms in August 2012, the first Proms appearance by any Brazilian orchestra. They returned to Europe in October 2013, with concerts in Berlin, London, Paris, Salzburg and Vienna and to the Proms in August 2016. In December 2017, OSESP announced that Alsop would stand down as its music director in December 2019 and take the title of honorary conductor.

In 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2016, Alsop conducted the Belgian National Orchestra at the Queen Elisabeth Competition. On 7 September 2013, Alsop became the first female conductor of the Last Night of The Proms, and returned to conduct the Last Night on 12 September 2015. On 4 September 2014, at the Proms, she was awarded Honorary Membership of the Royal Philharmonic Society. In 2014, Alsop first guest-conducted the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra; in September 2019, she became the orchestra's first female chief conductor. Alsop was a recipient of one of the 25th Annual Crystal Awards for 2019 at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. Since 2020, she has been artist in residence at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. In June 2023, the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra announce the appointment of Alsop as its next artistic director and chief conductor, the first female conductor named to the posts, effective with the 2023–2024 season.

Personal life
Since 1990, Kristin Jurkscheit, a horn player, has been Alsop's partner; they have a son. While Alsop was conducting the Colorado Symphony, of which her partner was a member, their relationship provoked controversy; Alsop responded that the relationship predated her appointment to lead the orchestra and had no bearing on her job performance.

Discography
Alsop conducted her first recording in 2000 with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra in a selection of works by Samuel Barber, which was released as part of the American Classics Series on Naxos Records. This disc was followed by four more released between 2001 and 2004 dedicated to the works of Samuel Barber. In 2003, she released her first disc of Leonard Bernstein, recorded with the Bournemouth SO and Chorus. Following this, in 2005, Alsop's fully staged production of Bernstein's Candide with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra was nominated for an Emmy Award (DVD: PBS Great Performances/Image Entertainment).

In June 2006, Alsop conducted the BSO and violinist Joshua Bell in John Corigliano's violin concerto The Red Violin, recorded by Sony Classics and released in September 2007. She and the BSO made their first-ever live recording release for iTunes of Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring. Following her advent to the Baltimore post, one of her first projects as music director was a series of recordings of Dvořák for Naxos. The first disc in the series, featuring Symphony No. 9, From the New World, and Symphonic Variations, was released in February 2008, and was nominated for BBC Music Magazine’s 2008 Album of the Year.

Other recordings by Alsop with Naxos include a Johannes Brahms symphony cycle with the London Philharmonic Orchestra (the first commercially recorded Brahms symphony cycle by a female conductor), and a continuing series of Bournemouth SO recordings, which include Bartók's The Miraculous Mandarin, Bernstein's Chichester Psalms and the symphonies of Kurt Weill.

In 2009, Alsop released a recording of Leonard Bernstein's Mass with the BSO that earned a Grammy nomination for Best Classical Album. In 2010, her recording of Jennifer Higdon’s Percussion Concerto with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and soloist Colin Currie won a Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition.

Other recent releases include Dvořák symphonies No. 7 & No. 8 with the BSO, Nixon in China, and works by Roy Harris, Aaron Copland, and Barber, all on the Naxos label. In 2012, Alsop and the BSO released a recording of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 1, also on Naxos.

title: Marin Alsop


text:
Talk:Jever

stub
Suppose, the article is no longer a stub? Regards Gerd32 (de.wikipedia)84.142.240.142 18:40, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Expansion
I'm working on it! Kuupanyu (talk) 22:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jever


text:
Victoria Building, University of Liverpool

The Victoria Building of the University of Liverpool, is on the corner of Brownlow Hill and Ashton Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and completed in 1892. It was the first purpose-built building for what was to become the University of Liverpool, with accommodation for administration, teaching, common rooms and a library. The building was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" which was coined by Professor Edgar Allison Peers. In 2008 it was converted into the Victoria Gallery & Museum.

History
In 1882, University College, Liverpool, opened in a disused lunatic asylum and by 1887 it was decided that a purpose-built headquarters should be erected. Alfred Waterhouse was appointed as architect and money was raised towards the construction. Much of this was raised by a public appeal and the private donors included Henry Tate, who gave £20,000 towards the building and a further £5,500 for books in the library, and William Hartley, who paid £4,300 for the clock and bells in the tower. The builders were Brown and Backhouse and the brickwork was contracted to Joshua Henshaw and Sons. Victoria Building was officially opened in December 1892 by Lord Spencer, the Chancellor of the Victoria University.

The building housed lecture rooms, staff offices, common rooms and, on the top floor, the Tate Library. As the university grew, departments gradually moved out of the building, which became increasingly used for administration. In 1938 the Harold Cohen Library opened and the contents of the library were moved out of the Victoria Building. The former library became the Tate Hall which was used for exhibitions, formal events and as an examination room. In 1970 the administration moved from the Victoria Building into the Senate House. In 2008, to coincide with Liverpool being European Capital of Culture, the building was converted into the Victoria Gallery and Museum.

Architecture
Victoria Building is constructed in Ruabon brick and common brick with terracotta dressings under a slate roof. It is an L-shaped building in three stories with 13 bays facing Brownlow Hill and five bays in Ashton Street. The southerly eight bays have alternate gables and gabled dormers. The ninth bay forms the tower. It has an arched entrance over which is an oriel window and, above this a three-light window. Over this are the royal coat of arms, a mosaic panel with an inscription and machicolation. The top stage has a four-face clock. At each angle of the tower are buttresses which rise to form pinnacles with lead spirelets. Over all is a lead spire with two tiers of lucarnes. The tenth bay has staircase windows with a gable above. The end bays curve round behind an octagonal tower with a spire.

The building is fire-proof, and constructed around an iron frame, with concrete floors. Internally the entrance hall is faced in Burmantofts terracotta, which is mainly brown but with some blue. An arcaded staircase leads to the first floor which has a lecture theatre occupying the apse at the north end. The top floor consists of a large space which contained the previous library. In the entrance hall is a life-size marble statue by Albert Bruce-Joy, the University war memorial and on the stairs are memorial plaques. The clock in the tower was made by William Potts & Sons of Leeds. Also in the tower is a chime of five bells cast by Taylors of Loughborough. Each bell is inscribed with a line from Tennyson's In Memoriam.

Victoria Gallery and Museum
The Victoria Gallery & Museum is open to the public from Tuesday to Saturday each week and admission is free. On the ground floor is the Waterhouse Café and a shop. On the first floor is the art collection which comprises paintings, sculptures and ceramics. Artists represented include Joseph Wright of Derby, J. M. W. Turner, Jacob Epstein, Lucian Freud, Elisabeth Frink and John James Audubon. A series of special exhibitions is organised. Also on this floor is the Leggate Lecture Theatre in which educational talks are given.

The top floor comprises the Tate Hall Museum which contains exhibits on a variety of subjects, including zoology, medicine, dentistry, archaeology, engineering and oceanography.


text:
Christopher Quinten

Christopher Quinten (born Christopher Bell; 12 July 1957) is a British actor, best known for his role as Brian Tilsley on Coronation Street, which he played from 1978 to 1989.

Career
Quinten started his career as a dancer in West End productions, including the Victoria Palace with Cilla Black and Jimmy Tarbuck. He turned to acting and had his first role in the 1978 film International Velvet, starring Tatum O'Neal. This appearance led to small parts in television series including Quatermass and Hazell, and was also noticed by the Coronation Street casting offices, who gave Ivy Tilsley, the oft-seen Baldwin's worker, a son. Quinten was then signed to the programme, for which he worked for over a decade. His pairing with Gail Potter (played by Helen Worth) proved very popular for the serial in the 1980s.

In 1989, Quinten told the casting office that he was going to move to the United States to marry his then-fiancée, American talk show host Leeza Gibbons. The couple had met in 1988 in New Zealand while appearing on a Telethon, and Quinten had been hoping to stay in Coronation Street as a part-time character, but the producers rejected his offer to stay on part-time, and at the end of 1988 the decision was made to kill the character off. His final episode was aired on 15 February 1989, when Brian Tilsley was stabbed to death by a gang of teenagers outside a nightclub.

Once settled in the United States, Quinten and Gibbons worked together on the film RoboCop 2 (in which he played a reporter), and had one daughter, Lexi Quinten. The couple divorced in 1991. Quinten married Paula Holmes in 1992, but they later separated.

Quinten returned to Britain and appeared on various chat shows. In 1994, he played Mr. Barraclough in an episode of the ITV comedy series Surgical Spirit. In 1998, it was reported that he was now touring the country with a one-man comedy rock act, and was also working as an after-dinner speaker. In 2000, he briefly returned to television acting with a guest role in the BBC soap opera Doctors.

Quinten has had a long career in pantomimes. In 2010 he played Abanazar in the Consett Empire's production of Aladdin, and Ramsbottom in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs at Oswaldtwistle Civic Theatre in 2011.

He appeared in Peter Kay's "Sit Down for Comic Relief" sketch alongside Rustie Lee & Bob Carolgees. In 2016 it was reported that Quinten now works at Stringfellows erotic nightclub in London.

In April 2020, he appeared in an episode of Hollyoaks as Mark Kelly, father of regular character Kyle Kelly, played by Adam Rickitt who previously also played Quinten's onscreen son Nick Tilsley in Coronation Street.

Personal life
Quinten was married to American talk show host Leeza Gibbons from 1989 to 1991. They had a daughter together in 1989.

With partner Alison Slater (ex-Stringfellow's dancer), he has a daughter Sydney (b. 2005).

In August 2005, Quinten was accused and charged with rape. Following his trial in June 2006, he was unanimously found not guilty by the jury.

On 10 June 2019, Quinten became engaged to his dancer girlfriend, Robyn Delabarre, on her twenty-first birthday.

title: Christopher Quinten


text:
User talk:Psy guy

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Charles Garrett Maloney.jpg
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:28, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Welcome5
Template:Welcome5 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the entry on the Templates for discussion page. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 21:23, 21 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Psy guy


text: Category:Death metal albums

title: Category:Death metal albums


text:
Dave Cooper

Dave Cooper (born 1967) is a Canadian cartoonist, oil painter and animator.

Biography
Cooper was born in Nova Scotia in 1967 and moved to Ottawa, Ontario at the age of nine. He began his career in the 90s, making underground comics for Seattle's Fantagraphics Books. His periodical Weasel won both the underground Ignatz Award and the Harvey Award in 2000. His psycho-erotic graphic novel Ripple sported an introduction by David Cronenberg.

At the turn of the century, Cooper morphed into an oil painter, showing alternately at galleries in Los Angeles and New York City. He also had a large retrospective of his comicbook artwork in Angouleme and Paris in 2002. Monographs of his paintings included introductions by comedian David Cross, and filmmaker Guillermo del Toro.

Around 2008 Cooper turned his attention to the field of animation, ultimately getting two of his original kids TV shows greenlit — Pig Goat Banana Cricket for Nickelodeon and The Bagel and Becky Show for Teletoon/BBC. His short adult film, The Absence of Eddy Table was released in the fall of 2016 and has since won a number of awards internationally.

In the summer of 2017 Cooper returned to oil painting, embarking on ambitious new works for his largest gallery show to date — 70 paintings for Paris 2020. Concurrently, he completed his largest single commission for a Madrid museum—a 13'-wide nod to Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights.

In 2019, a French publisher will release a 300-page English/French retrospective of Cooper's work, Pillowy, the Art of Dave Cooper. Also in 2019, Cooper joined the board of directors of Ottawa's cutting-edge artist-run centre Saw Gallery.

Cooper lives in Ottawa, Canada.

Awards

 * Harvey Award, Best New Series, 2000 — Weasel
 * Ignatz Award, Outstanding Artist, 2000 — Weasel

Selected works

 * Suckle (1997) ISBN 1-56097-301-3
 * Weasel #1–5
 * Crumple (2000) ISBN 1-56097-321-8
 * Dan and Larry (2002) ISBN 1-56097-433-8
 * Ripple (2003) ISBN 1-56097-543-1
 * Overbite (Weasel 6) (2003) ISBN 1-56097-550-4
 * Underbelly (Weasel 7) (2005) ISBN 1-56097-615-2
 * Bagel's Lucky Hat (as Hector Mumbly, 2007) ISBN 0-8118-4875-2
 * Bent (2010) ISBN 1-60699-378-X
 * Ripple deluxe re-release (2017) ISBN 1-68396-026-2
 * Mudbite (2018) ISBN 978-1-68396-087-4
 * Dog Head #1 (2024) ISBN 978-2-492646-41-6

title: Dave Cooper


text:
Talk:Amani

I found some ceramic neckless pieces that have Amani on them. I found these in the Wilammette River in Eugene, Oregon, USA. Their were 5 pieces in total so we exchanged them among friends that were swimming that day. What a nice memory to remember that moment with my friends. ddhnurse@netzero.net

=Amani - Fellowship= A guy I know who is a native speaker of Kiswahili told me that amani translates to the swedish word "gemenskap" wich roughly means fellowship, camaraderie, friendship, friendliness in the sense of the feeling of having something in common in a group, society, culture, religion, etc...

title: Talk:Amani


text:
User:Awa64

awa64 is a fairly active geek. His interests include Anime (especially Voice Actors), Transformers, Video Games, Computers, and general aspects of math, science, etc. He is generally an amicable person, willing to pitch in and help out if asked.

title: User:Awa64


text:
Talk:Frankee

Contradiction
In the first paragraph of the article it says she released "no further singles or albums" apart from the single "F.U.R.B. (Fuck U Right Back)", and then in the second paragraph it talks about her first album...?! --Fritz S. 18:41, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Has been taken care of.

What is Frankee's status? She seems to have no label. She has no web-presence. Is she still In the Business or what? Paul, in Saudi 10:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

She's a friggin' nobody!

A very hot nobody. -Rune

I'd question the validity of statistics claiming that this single, which I or anyone outside of Jersey have never heard of, was somehow a #1 hit. That needs to be verified. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.71.174.77 (talk) 07:24, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Eamon link
Was it ever confirmed that she was *genuinely* an ex girlfriend of Eamon? I'm fairly sure it was all a publicity stunt ChrisTheDude 22:05, 25 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure it was confirmed that it was all for the publicity, which should probably be put in the article. GassyGuy 05:21, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

photo
The (very hot) pic that was on this page is, alas, copyrighted. Unless it is given 'fair use' arrangements, it can't be used on wikipedia *tear* I've added another (less sexy) picture. Verloren Hoop 19:13, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

eamon and frankee
I dont think they ever met eachother. i think it was just a marketing ploy.

title: Talk:Frankee


text:
Talk:Algonac, Michigan

To do

 * history, name, etc
 * native community/history
 * rum running?
 * water-recreation notes
 * Chris-Craft history (other notable industries)
 * famous people?
 * expand Tashmoo entry

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 one external links on Algonac, Michigan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2012%2FSUB-EST2012.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:37, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Algonac, Michigan


text:
Talk:List of Bose headphones

Untitled
Page last archived by — Vesther (U * T/R * CTD) 13:59, 19 January 2007 (UTC) (Reason: Talk page 76KB long)

This article reads like a PR press release
This article reads like a PR press release cleverly disguised as a 3rd party text. Many of the footnotes are links to Bose's website. Other links are to positive reviews of Bose's products. There are no negative reviews or comments, no mention of competing products, no reference to group reviews. Altogether, this article is of questionable value, to put it charitably.

At the very least, more links to truly independent reviews should be included. Some links are mentioned in a section here below. Star-lists (talk) 20:43, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Sources (from Afd)
The following sources have been moved here from the second Afd. Please strike them out as they have been added to the article text. John Vandenberg 08:06, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Professional Pilot Magazine (2004 Headset Preference Survey, Dec p 80) where the Aviation Headset X was voted #1 by a consumer survey 4 years in a Row from 2000 to 2004
 * Aviation Headset Series II is introduced in 1995 with improvements for the aviation industry, earning the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association’s (AOPA) “Product of the Year” award.
 * "next to an elderly woman who plugged her sound-killing Bose headphones into a Sony discman," Mortal Prey'' by John Sandford ;
 * Critical Conditions by Stephen White but page is restricted and can't be read.
 * This book?  How does it relate? John Vandenberg 08:18, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * ''A www.a9.com search on books also turns up this gem: "Grabbing her iPod, she lay down on the bed, put on her Bose headphones, and began listening to Eminem at full volume,"
 * ''Jackie Collins, I dunno how to link directly to a9 search results but go to and "search inside this book" for "Bose headphones."
 * ''"Ethan was one of Don's pals, with multiple facial piercings and a set of Bose headphones."
 * Along Came Mary: A Bad Girl Creek Novel by Jo-Ann Mapson.
 * ...of Bose triport headphones. They go on SALE back home for $140 and were on the rack here in the desert for $93. Woohoo! The PX also has an awesome... google books Surviving Twilight: A Soldier's Chronicle of Daily Life in Iraq
 * Active Sound and Vibration Control by Osman Tokhi and Sandor Veres 2002 (ISBN 0852960387) p. 13
 * ''Austen, Ian. "When Headphones Measure Up to the Music." The New York Times, October 31, 2002, p. G4. The competitive product was a Sennheiser HD 497, which "like the Bose Triport... deliberately leaks some frequencies to balance the sound."

Independent published works

 * google "bose quietcomfort review" Google Books "bose headphones" Google Books "quietcomfort" cnet australia QC2 pcmag QC3 pcmag QC2 crutchfieldadvisor QC2 thetravelinsider QC1 thetravelinsider QC2 playlistmag QC2 thetechzone QC2 digitaltrends QC2 adrians rojak pot QC1 cnet QC2 cnet QC3
 * google "bose triport review" cnet TriPort audioreview TriPort driverheaven TriPort
 * google "bose aviation review" avweb aviation headset x dvatp Aviation Headset X

Past discussions archived
The page was getting too huge so I archived 75KB worth of discussions. — Vesther (U * T/R * CTD) 14:01, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Ref. 2 spelling error
^ A. V. Bykhovskii. Sposob polawlenija shuma w scluchowom organe (Technique for noise suppression in the ear), 1960, Patent UdSSR SU 133 631. Filed: 24 August 1949. Published: Patent Bulletin No. 22. Citation from Tokhi and Veres (2002).

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.194.181.173 (talk) 16:59, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * word "polawlenija" should be "podawlenija" (`pol' -> 'pod')
 * (better) word-by-word translation: "A way of suppression of the noise in the hearing organ"
 * I am not familiar with Russian and I have been unable to verify this via an online translator. Any other users know if this is true? -- UKPhoenix79 (talk) 03:48, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * translation for suppression
 * Check character look for "pod" here: [Boris_Podolsky] (go to edit page to see non-italic look).

GNU free images not currently being used
Here are 2 images not bing used currently. I am placing them here on the talk page to keep a link to them encase they are needed in the future. -- UKPhoenix79 (talk) 03:47, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

In-ear headphones
It would be great if a section on in-ear headphones could be created (currently it is only referred to in Criticism) 1292simon (talk) 08:12, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

Revert of 09:13, 1 February 2012 edit
The purpose of the overhaul was to 1) structure the article according to widely recognised product type (eg on-ear, in-ear, rather than Bose's uncommon categorizations) 2) make it sound less like an advertisement and 3) remove unnecessary Bose jargon. Therefore I am restoring this content (which was reverted). Discussion welcome!! 1292simon (talk) 08:42, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Please see your talk page. -- Phoenix (talk) 11:21, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Noted. The reasons in your edit summary are not justification for reverting the edit. "Lets try to use talk page", totally agree! We would be making a lot better progress if you would go into detail on specific articles instead of vague edit summaries for reverts. Thanks for the advice on the OE and BT, I will update the article.1292simon (talk) 05:24, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm trying. You change SO MANY pages all at once it is hard to focus on one thing at a time. Can we PLEASE take it one page at a time and go from there? It would make things much smoother. -- Phoenix (talk) 06:10, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't believe this is justification for reverting large edits over a few small details. Sorry if it doesn't fit your workload, but I am trying to do as much as possible while I have the time 1292simon (talk) 00:40, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

Bluetooth Headset Series 2
Is the ambient noise rejection different to the original Bose Bluetooth headset? When comparing the text for the two entries, it looks like the same feature, but feel free to add it back in to this section if it is different for the Series 2. 1292simon (talk) 05:51, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yep just read the info. They did improve it and actually the cnet article states
 * "The Bose Bluetooth Headset Series 2 is a solid performer with killer A2DP sound quality, but a lack of features and steep price tag keep it from the top of the pack."
 * but you only quote
 * "lack of features and steep price tag keep it from the top of the pack."
 * Can you see why I have called you biased? -- Phoenix (talk) 06:10, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Please avoid personal statements about other editors- but I have no problem if you accuse certain edits of bias, of course. Anyway, the previous para lists the criticisms (which are justified by the reference), then the BT2 section notes the improvement (which is an accurate reflection of the reference). Despite this, I will add the phrase "solid performer", just to avoid you reverting the whole edit over this point!
 * Anyway, my question relates specifically to whether the ambient noise rejection processing was revised. As I understand it, A2DP is simply a higher bitrate transmission1292simon (talk) 00:40, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I have no clue. I only went by what the sources said. -- Phoenix (talk) 11:16, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

Section Ordering
Ok lets try and figure this out here There are 4 types of headphones from Bose. Neither of us disagree about joining groups 1 & 2, and there isn't a disagreement about group 4. But neither of us can agree on what to call group 3. I don't think Scientific names make sense, nor calling them on ear since Bose sells on ear around ear and in ear. Neither do I believe that there should be a category for each one by themselves. Bose used to call them Triport headphones, but checking their website they call them audio headphones. I think that might be a bit confusing. But I think either one would work. -- Phoenix (talk) 06:15, 4 February 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Commercial Noise Cancelling
 * 2) Personal Noise Cancelling
 * 3) Personal Non-Noise Cancelling
 * 4) Personal Mobile headphones
 * I prefer the scientific names. Granted, the average reader might be unfamiliar with the terms, but since a link is provided in the first sentence, I don't think it's a problem. Just for the record, the IE2 are somewhere between the traditional "in-ear" headphones and "earbuds". I'm not fussed which of these categories is used for them. 1292simon (talk) 00:40, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Any chance we can use the talk page... to talk before any more edits that change the content? Please feel free to add the sourced info you found. That I am not disputing. I just dont agree with much of the wording and the reorganization that was put forth. I find just, well odd. -- Phoenix (talk) 11:21, 8 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm glad I looked here, as it seems odd to me that the timeline appears immediately after the intro. I would suggest that it be moved down... probably above the awards section, to help maintain a more standard look of other articles. -- WikHead (talk) 18:49, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Pheonix, justifications HAVE been provided above in the talk page. "I just dont(sic) agree with much of the wording and reorganisation...I find just,well odd" doesn't justify your huge edits. Please be more specific
 * WikHead, the timeline appears at the top of most of the Bose product articles. Of course, it can be moved if there is an applicable template which says it should come later?1292simon (talk) 00:01, 4 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I think you have it backwards. You have been the one doing the "huge edits". Please try to remember that. You have removed a lot of sourced information, and while some are indeed good edits, I have disputed some of them for not only for being WP:NPOV but for being just 100% false & unsourced. I have stated repeatability which edits I support in the talk pages and I have no problem with them being included. The other edits I would rather be discussed. So please use the talk page for those edits. The others please add them to the article at hand. -- Phoenix (talk) 23:10, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Your 22:59, 11 March 2012 edit has wiped out improvements discussed in the talk page (for example the section names). Please incorporate your edits with other editors improvements, rather than throwing out the baby with the bathwater yet again. re "restoral of sourced information removed", please be more specific 1292simon (talk) 08:13, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Your edit of 08:15, 12 March 2012 also wiped out much discussed in the talk page above. Please can you incorporate your edits with other editors improvements, rather than throwing out the baby with the bathwater yet again? This page has a lot of info on it and does not need to be reduced like you have been doing. It is not an improvement. I cannot understand why you will not keep this on the Talk page as I have stated on multiple occasions this is the best place to work out our differences and get these articles to the level we both want them to be. -- Phoenix (talk) 08:45, 12 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Please identify specific notable info that has been "wiped out". I have endeavoured to include all changes discussed on the Talk page (your reverts do not). 1292simon (talk) 00:11, 25 March 2012 (UTC)

Defaultsort
I'm not convinced by this edit. Shouldn't the article sort under "B" in most of its categories, and under "H" in Category:Bose Corporation? -- John of Reading (talk) 19:19, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

July 2012 edit
Hi, my edit has too many changes to be accurately described in an edit summary, so I am justifying it here instead: If other editors do not agree with any of the referenced claims, it would be appreciated if you could use this Talk page or provide references to justify your position, rather than deleting referenced text without explanation. Thanks 1292simon (talk) 11:20, 6 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Red Dot awards: It is necessary to spell out that the Red Dot awards are not based on sound quality, otherwise people would naturally assume that an award for loudspeakers included audio quality testing.
 * IE2: restored reference to independent review
 * MIE2: restored referenced text
 * MIE2i: restored reference to independent review
 * Bluetooth headset series 2: restored referenced text

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
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✅ This issue has been resolved, and I have therefore removed the tag, if not already done. No further action is necessary.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 20:28, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Bose headphones


text: File:Bullets over Broadway movie poster.jpg