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Roswell Rudd

Roswell Hopkins Rudd Jr. (November 17, 1935 – December 21, 2017) was an American jazz trombonist and composer.

Although skilled in a variety of genres of jazz (including Dixieland, which he performed while in college), and other genres of music, he was known primarily for his work in free and avant-garde jazz. Beginning in 1962 Rudd worked extensively with saxophonist Archie Shepp.

Biography
Rudd was born in Sharon, Connecticut, United States. He attended the Hotchkiss School and graduated from Yale University, where he played with Eli's Chosen Six, a dixieland band of students that Rudd joined in the mid-1950s. The sextet played the boisterous trad jazz style of the day, and recorded two albums, including one for Columbia Records. His collaborations with Shepp, Cecil Taylor, John Tchicai, and Steve Lacy grew out of the lessons learned while playing rags and stomps for drunken college kids in Connecticut. Rudd later taught ethnomusicology at Bard College and the University of Maine.

On and off, for a period of three decades, he assisted Alan Lomax with his world music song style (Cantometrics) and Global Jukebox projects.

In the 1960s, Rudd participated in free jazz recordings such as the New York Art Quartet; the soundtrack for the 1964 movie New York Eye and Ear Control; the album Communications by the Jazz Composer's Orchestra; and in collaborations with Don Cherry, Larry Coryell, Pharoah Sanders, and Gato Barbieri. Rudd had lifelong friendships with saxophonists Shepp and Lacy, and performed and recorded the music of Thelonious Monk with Lacy.

Rudd and his producer and partner Verna Gillis went to Mali in 2000 and 2001. His album MALIcool (2001) is a cross-cultural collaboration with kora player Toumani Diabaté and other Malian musicians.

In 2004, Rudd brought his Trombone Shout Band to perform at the 4th Festival au Désert in Essakane, Tombouctou Region, Mali. In 2005, he extended his reach further, recording an album with the Mongolian Buryat Band, a traditional music group of musicians from Mongolia and Buryatia, entitled Blue Mongol. He also conducted master classes and workshops both in the United States and around the world.

Rudd died of prostate cancer on December 21, 2017, at home in Kerhonkson, New York. His archives were donated to the Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Awards and honors

 * Nomination: Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance Male and Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Monk's Dream (1999)
 * Trombonist of the Year, Jazz Journalists Association (2003–05, 2009–10)
 * Best Trombonist, Down Beat Critics' Poll (2010)

As a member
Yale University Dixieland Band, Eli's Chosen Six
 * College Jazz: Dixieland (Columbia, 1957)
 * Ivy League Jazz (Golden Crest, 1957)

The New York Art Quartet
 * 1964: New York Art Quartet (ESP-Disk, 1965)
 * 1965: Mohawk (Fontana, 1965)
 * 1965: Old Stuff (Cuneiform, 2010) – Live
 * 1999: 35th Reunion (DIW, 2000)
 * box set: Call It Art (Triple Point, 2013)[5LP] – contains four hours of previously unreleased material and a 150-plus-page coffee-table book

As sideman
'''With Carla Bley
 * Escalator over the Hill (JCOA, 1971)
 * Dinner Music (Watt, 1976)
 * European Tour 1977 (Watt, 1977)
 * Musique Mecanique (Watt, 1979)

With Elton Dean
 * Rumors of an Incident (Slam, 1996)
 * Newsense (Slam, 1997)

With Archie Shepp
 * Four for Trane (Impulse!, 1964)
 * Archie Shepp Live in San Francisco (Impulse!, 1966)
 * Mama Too Tight (Impulse!, 1967) – rec. 1966
 * Life at the Donaueschingen Music Festival (SABA, 1968)

With others
 * Buell Neidlinger, Cecil Taylor, New York City R&B (Mosaic, 1961)
 * Gil Evans, Into the Hot (Impulse!, 1962)
 * Steve Lacy, Dennis Charles, Henry Grimes School Days (Hathut, 1963)
 * Robin Kenyatta, Until (Atlantic, 1966)
 * Don Cherry, Albert Ayler, John Tchicai and Gary Peacock, New York Eye and Ear Control (ESP-Disk, 1967)
 * Michael Mantler, The Jazz Composer's Orchestra (JCOA, 1968)
 * Gato Barbieri, The Third World (Flying Dutchman, 1969)
 * Charlie Haden, Liberation Music Orchestra (Impulse!, 1971)
 * Marcello Melis and Don Moye, Village on the Left (Soul Note, 1974)
 * Steve Lacy, Beaver Harris, Kent Carter, Trickles (Soul Note, 1975)
 * Hans Dulfer, Arjen Gorter, and Martin van Duynhoven, Maine (Bvhaast, 1976)
 * Marcello Melis and Enrico Rava, Don Moye, Gruppo Rubanu, The New Village on the Left (Black Saint, 1977)
 * Enrico Rava, J.F. JennyClarke and Aldo Romano, Enrico Rava Quartet (ECM, 1978)
 * Sangeeta Michael Berardi, Rashied Ali, Eddie Gomez, Archie Shepp, Divine Song (Sunjump, 1979)
 * V.A., Interpretations of Monk (DIW, 1981)
 * Hal Willner, That's the Way I Feel Now: A tribute to Thelonious Monk (A&M, 1984)
 * Paul Haines, Darn it (American Clave, 1992)
 * Allen Lowe, Dark Was the Night (Music & Arts, 1994)
 * NRBQ and Terry Adams, Wild Weekend (Virgin, 1995)
 * Allen Lowe, Woyzeck's Death (Enja, 1995)
 * Keith Tippett et al., Bladik (Cuneiform, 1996)
 * NRBQ and Terry Adams, Terrible (New World, 1996)
 * Nexus Orchestra, Seize the Time (Splasch, 2002)
 * Dime Grind Palace, Sex Mob (Ropeadope, 2003)
 * one track with Sonic Youth, The Harry Smith Project (Shout! Factory, 2006)
 * Michael Mantler, Concertos (ECM, 2008) – rec. 2007
 * The Second Approach Trio, The Light (Solyd, 2009)

title: Roswell Rudd


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Sound Affects

Sound Affects is the fifth studio album by English rock band the Jam. The album was released on 28 November 1980 by Polydor Records. It is the only Jam album to be co-produced by the band themselves, and contains the only album track co-written by the entire band, "Music for the Last Couple".

The cover art is a pastiche of the artwork used on various Sound Effects records produced by the BBC during the 1970s.

Jam frontman Paul Weller has opined Sound Affects to be the Jam's best album.

Influences
Noted musical influences on Sound Affects include post-punk groups such as Wire, Gang of Four, and Joy Division and, particularly evident in Rick Buckler's drumming, Michael Jackson's Off the Wall. Paul Weller has freely admitted that the Beatles' Revolver was a major influence on much of the material on Sound Affects. At the time of its release, he said that he considered the album a cross between Off the Wall and Revolver.

"Start!" is built around an almost exact copy of the bass-line from the Beatles' "Taxman", the first track on Revolver, and includes a homage to its guitar solo. "Pretty Green" includes a funk bass-line and rhythm with melodic guitar breaks and psychedelic sound effects.

The back cover of the album features an excerpt from Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem The Masque of Anarchy.

Release
Sound Affects sold over 100,000 copies and spent 19 weeks on the UK Albums Chart, rising to number two in late 1980. In the United States, the album spent 11 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart and reached its peak position of number 72 in February 1981.

The album features the group's second UK number one single, "Start!". Polydor pushed for "Pretty Green" to be the first single released, but Weller insisted on "Start!". This involved consulting a few of the band's friends as to what they thought the best release would be. Weller had Polydor A&R man Dennis Munday ask a small peer group of his friends who had been present throughout the recording sessions at the Town House and prior demo recordings at Polydor Studios. Given the choice, they selected "Start!" as the best single release and the decision was made to release it. The decision was vindicated when "Start!" topped the British singles charts in its third week after entering at number three.

Sound Affects was reissued on 8 November 2010 as a two-CD deluxe edition to celebrate its 30th anniversary. The 2010 reissue also charted in the UK, reaching number 63 in November of that year.

Reception
Record Mirror ranked it the best album of 1980.

In 2006, Q placed Sound Affects at number 15 on its list of the "40 Best Albums of the '80s". In 2013, NME ranked Sound Affects at number 487 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2020, Rolling Stone included Sound Affects in their "80 Greatest albums of 1980" list, praising the band for crafting their "finest album", while encapsulating "the classic English songcraft of the Kinks and the Small Faces, singing about working-class anger". The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

In BBC Radio 6 Music's documentary The Jam: Made in Britain, Paul Weller cited Sound Affects as his favourite Jam album.

Deluxe track listing
CD1 as per original release

Track listing CD2
 * 1) Start! (Single Version) – 2:20
 * 2) Liza Radley – 2:34
 * 3) Dreams Of Children – 2:59
 * 4) That's Entertainment (Alternative) – 3:24
 * 5) Pretty Green (Demo) – 2:38
 * 6) Pop Art Poem – 2:10
 * 7) Rain (Demo) written by John Lennon & Paul McCartney – 2:58
 * 8) Boy About Town (Demo) – 2:18
 * 9) Dream Time (Demo) – 1:52
 * 10) Dead End Street (Demo) written by Ray Davies – 3:15
 * 11) But I'm Different Now (Demo) – 1:57
 * 12) Scrape Away (Instrumental) – 3:59
 * 13) Start! (Demo) – 2:17
 * 14) Liza Radley (Demo) – 2:18
 * 15) And Your Bird Can Sing (Demo) written by John Lennon & Paul McCartney – 1:54
 * 16) Monday (Alternative) – 4:20
 * 17) Get Yourself Together (Demo) written by Ronnie Lane & Steve Marriott – 2:00
 * 18) Set the House Ablaze (Alternative) – 4:47
 * 19) Boy About Town (Alternative) – 2:14
 * 20) No One In The World (Demo) – 2:24
 * 21) 'Instrumental' (Demo) – 2:54
 * 22) Waterloo Sunset (Demo) written by Ray Davies – 3:59

 * "Start!" was the first track on side one of the US issue. This issue also included the "Going Underground" / "Dreams of Children" 7".
 * On the Canadian issue (Polydor PD-1-6315), "Start!" and "Pretty Green" were switched.
 * Pop Art Poem was first released on flexidisc free with Flexipop magazine

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes and AllMusic.

The Jam
 * Paul Weller – guitar, vocals, keyboards, sitar
 * Bruce Foxton – bass guitar, vocals
 * Rick Buckler – drums, percussion

Technical
 * The Jam – production, sleeve design
 * Vic Coppersmith-Heaven – production
 * George Chambers – assistant engineering
 * Alan Douglas – engineering
 * Bill Smith – sleeve design
 * Andrew Douglas – photography
 * Martyn Goddard – photography
 * Andrew Rosen – photography
 * Pennie Smith – photography
 * Laurent Locher - French spoken vocals on 'Scrape Away'

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sound Affects


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Misappropriation

In law, misappropriation is the unauthorized use of another's name, likeness, identity, property, discoveries, inventions, etc. without that person's permission, resulting in harm to that person.

Another use of the word refers to intentional and illegal use of property or funds; it can particularly refer to actions committed by a public official.

Article 17 of the United Nations Convention against Corruption specifies that each State party should criminalize misappropriation, embezzlement, or other diversion of priority by public officials.

Criminal law
In criminal law, misappropriation is the intentional, illegal use of the property or funds of another person for one's own use or other unauthorized purpose, particularly by a public official, a trustee of a trust, an executor or administrator of a deceased person's estate or by any person with a responsibility to care for and protect another's assets (a fiduciary duty). Depending upon the jurisdiction and value of the property, misappropriation may be a felony, a crime punishable by a prison sentence.

Scientific research
In scientific research, misappropriation is a type of research misconduct. An investigator, scholar or reviewer can obtain novel ideas during the process of the exchange of ideas amongst colleagues and peers. However, improper use of such information could constitute fraud. This can include plagiarism of work or to make use of any information in breach of any duty of confidentiality associated with the review of manuscripts or grant applications.

Consequences of misappropriation
Misappropriation can have very serious consequences, including imprisonment, fines, probation, and a permanent criminal record.

The punishment for misappropriation may be determined by the value of the property affected and previous criminal record.

Defenses
Since misappropriation is considered a form of theft, arguments countering charges of theft can be modified and utilized against misappropriation, including:

 * Property did not belong to the plaintiff. Information which is available to everyone, such as facts in a news story, is considered public and thus cannot be owned by the plaintiff.
 * Independent development of property. The defendant did not "take" the plaintiff's trade secrets if the defendant created the trade secrets independent of the plaintiff's knowledge, resources and involvement.
 * Consent by the plaintiff. If the plaintiff had given the defendant permission to use the property for a purpose, then the defendant cannot be guilty of misuse if the defendant used the property for that purpose.

Differences between misappropriation and embezzlement
Embezzlement is misappropriation when the property or funds involved have been lawfully entrusted to the embezzler. In circumstances where the funds are accessible to, but not entrusted to, the perpetrator, it is not embezzlement but can still be considered larceny, misappropriation, misapplication, or some other similar term.

Examples of misappropriation
For an example, see §1803 of the Judicial Council of California's Civil Jury Instructions from 2013.

title: Misappropriation


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Talk:Incontrovertible evidence

Simple solution: since the phrase is identitcal, this page needs to be expanded to give its meaning and definition in all fileds, Law, Logic and Mathematics. nobs 20:27, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm far from convinced that the phrase has any standard meaning at all in logic or math. Even for law, I always assumed it was just something litigators said to impress the jury.  That's why I said in VfD that it all needs to be sourced. --Trovatore 07:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the response; not being a lawyer, I don't feel qualified to write the Conclusions of fact or Conclusions of law articles which are on the Requested articles page. Also, Conclusive evidence is another common term that occurs.  You may be correct, it does seem to be a common phrase that is used by litigators, prosecutors, police and journalists; it also occurs in other fields were a judicial rendering as not occurred.  In Logic, it's the old "If A, then B, A therefore B" etc; in Mathematics, it is "2 + 2 = 4", which is incontroverible.  The example drawn from Law are already cited in the article. nobs 15:57, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * But neither logicians nor mathematicians typically use the phrase "incontrovertible evidence" in describing these inferences. That makes it a neologism, or "original research" in the Wikipedia sense, to write about the term in this way.  Unless, of course, you can source it. --Trovatore 16:23, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That was corrected yesterday, the reference being to "incontrovetible proof" in Proof Theory. I stand corrected on that. However it is evidence that is the foundation of proof, so we cxan make that clarification. nobs 16:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Proof theorists don't talk about "incontrovertible proof", either. As far as I can tell, you're still just making up phrases and applying them retroactively to various disciplines.  (And not that this matters much, but "proof theory" isn't what you think it is.  Google on "Gentzen" and "sequent calculus" to get an idea.) --Trovatore 16:36, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I chimed in on the VfD page, but I in law, the phrase "incontrovertible evidence" is used as the antithesis of "rebuttable evidence." Moreover, an appellate court can overturn a judge, ALJ or jury's determinations of credibly with inconvertible evidence. Sierra Resources, Inc. v. Herman, 213 F.3d 989, 992 (7th Cir. 2000).  I never the less question whether this justifies its own article... it seems like this could be dealt with in a subsection of evidence (law). I'm thinking about taking a stab at conclusion of fact and law, but those might also be best handle under the judgment article. Mmmbeer 02:47, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

I don't think the examples of a fingerprint in a room, or DNA are very good examples of incontrovertible evidence. Especially the fingerprint can be very easily faked, and DNA tests, also fakeable, are not SO reliable so as to call them incontrovertible.

title: Talk:Incontrovertible evidence


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Francisco J. Ayala

Francisco José Ayala Pereda (March 12, 1934 – March 3, 2023) was a Spanish-American evolutionary biologist and philosopher who was a longtime faculty member at the University of California, Irvine, and University of California, Davis.

Ayala was previously president and chairman of the board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. At University of California, Irvine, his academic appointments included University Professor and Donald Bren Professor of Biological Sciences, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (School of Biological Sciences), Professor of Philosophy (School of Humanities), and Professor of Logic and the Philosophy of Science (School of Social Sciences).

Ayala's employment at UC Irvine ended in 2018 after the university issued a report relating to allegations of sexual harassment claims against him. Ayala denied having "intentionally caused sexual harassment to anybody." His name was removed from the School of Biological Sciences, the Science Library, as well as various graduate fellowships, scholarship programs, and endowed chairs.

Early life and education
Earlier in life, Ayala was a Dominican priest, ordained in 1960 and leaving the priesthood that same year. After graduating from the University of Salamanca, he moved to the United States in 1961 to study for a PhD at Columbia University. There, he studied for his doctorate under Theodosius Dobzhansky, graduating in 1964. He became a US citizen in 1971.

Career
Ayala is known for his research on population and evolutionary genetics, and has been called the "Renaissance Man of Evolutionary Biology". His "discoveries have opened up new approaches to the prevention and treatment of diseases that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide", including demonstrating that the reproduction of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is mostly the product of cloning, and that only a few clones account for most of this widespread disease.

Ayala served on the advisory board of the now defunct Campaign to Defend the Constitution, an organization that has lobbied in support of the separation of church and state. He has been publicly critical of U.S. restrictions on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. He was also a critic of intelligent design theories, claiming that they are not only pseudoscience, but also misunderstood from a theological point of view. He suggested that the theory of evolution resolves the problem of evil, thus being a kind of theodicy. Although Ayala generally did not discuss his religious views, he has stated that "science is compatible with religious faith in a personal, omnipotent and benevolent God." He also briefly served, in 1960, as a Dominican priest. Ayala did not say whether he remained a religious believer, not wanting to be "tagged by one side or the other."

Ayala attended the Beyond Belief symposium in November 2006. Ayala debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig in November 2009 on the topic of intelligent design.

On October 18, 2011, the University of California, Irvine (UCI) announced that Ayala would be donating $10 million to the university's School of Biological Sciences. The gift was to be "$1 million a year for the next decade."

Sexual harassment investigation
Four women (professor Kathleen Treseder, another professor, an assistant dean, and one graduate student), alleged that Ayala had sexually harassed them, prompting an investigation led by Erik Pelowitz at UC Irvine's Office of Equal Opportunity and Diversity. The university investigators concluded that Ayala violated the university's policies on sexual harassment and sex discrimination in the cases of three of the four women, and found that the conduct at issue extended to 2004 and had led to previous warnings to Ayala. The investigators' report also concluded that Ayala "engaged in a campaign with the highest University officials to influence the outcome of this investigation." Ayala denied most allegations against him, and wrote to the university's chancellor, Howard Gillman, "I have never intentionally caused sexual harassment to anybody. To the extent that my actions may have caused harm to others ... I apologize from the deepest of my heart and of my mind." He resigned effective July 1, 2018.

Ayala was represented in the investigation by attorney Susan Estrich. The investigation against Ayala extended to more than 60 witnesses, and the outcome divided scholars. Camilo José Cela Conde and Elizabeth Loftus defended him, the latter saying that she was "shocked that this man's life was ruined over this collection of reactions to his behavior" and described the allegations as "thin." In contrast, T. Jane Zelikova, the founder of 500 Women Scientists, supported Ayala's ouster. Ann Olivarius, a lawyer and sexual harassment expert who reviewed the report at the request of Science magazine, said that Ayala did not "have sex with students or pressure them directly for sex" but "clearly made multiple women feel degraded" and continued to do so "after senior university officials warned him to stop acting in these ways."

Ayala returned to his private life, and the university removed his name from the School of Biological Sciences, the Science Library, and endowed chairs that had been named after Ayala. The American Association for the Advancement of Science removed his fellowship status. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences rescinded Ayala's membership for violation of Section 4 of the NAS Code of Conduct, effective June 23, 2021.

Awards and honors
In 2001, Ayala was awarded the National Medal of Science. On April 13, 2007, he was awarded the first of 100 bicentennial medals at Mount Saint Mary's University for lecturing there as the first presenter for the Bicentennial Distinguished Lecture Series. His lecture was entitled "The Biological Foundations of Morality". Other awards he received include the Gold Honorary Gregor Mendel Medal of the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Gold Medal of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Gold Medal of the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, the President's Award of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, the AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility and 150th Anniversary Leadership Medal of the AAAS, the Medal of the College of France, the UCI Medal of the University of California, the 1998 Distinguished Scientist Award from the SACNAS, and Sigma Xi's William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement, 2000. In 2010, he was awarded the Templeton Prize. The science library at UCI was named after him from 2010 until 2018, when his name was removed after a university investigation concluded that his conduct with respect to three women violated university policies. Ayala delivered a lecture at the Trotter Prize ceremony in 2011 entitled "Darwin's Gift to Science and Religion." In 2014, UCI named its School of Biological Sciences the Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences after Ayala. UCI removed his name from the library and school in 2018, after finding that he sexually harassed at least four women.

Ayala was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977, and the National Academy of Sciences in 1980, though his fellowship status in these institutions was later revoked. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was also a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome, the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He had honorary degrees from the University of Athens, the University of Bologna, the University of Barcelona, the University of the Balearic Islands, the University of León, the University of Madrid, the University of Salamanca, the University of Valencia, the University of Vigo, Far Eastern National University, Masaryk University and University of Warsaw.

Personal life
Francisco Ayala was born to Francisco Ayala and Soledad Pereda. In the late 1960s he met Mary Henderson, they married on May 27, 1968. They had two sons: Francisco José (born 1969) and Carlos Alberto (born 1972). Their marriage ended in divorce, and in 1985 he married an ecologist named Hana Ayala (née Lostáková, born 1956). They lived in Irvine, California. He died from a heart attack on March 3, 2023, in Newport Beach, at age 88.

Books
Ayala has published 950 publications and 30 books. Recently published books include:
 * Ayala, F.J. Evolution, Explanation, Ethics and Aesthetics: Towards a Philosophy of Biology. Academic Press: 2016. ISBN 9780128036938
 * Ayala, F.J. Am I a Monkey: Six Big Questions About Evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD, US 2010.
 * Ayala, F.J. and Robert Arp, eds. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Biology. Wiley-Blackwell: London, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4051-5998-2
 * Avise, J.C. and F.J. Ayala, eds. In the Light of Evolution: Adaptation and Complex Design. National Academy Press: Washington, DC. 2007. ISBN 978-0-309-10405-0
 * Cela Conde, C.J. and F.J. Ayala. Human Evolution. Trails from the Past. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2007.
 * Ayala, F.J. Darwin y el Diseño Inteligente. Creacionismo, Cristianismo y Evolución. Alianza Editorial: Madrid, Spain, 231 pp. 2007.
 * Ayala, F.J. Darwin's Gift to Science and Religion. Joseph Henry Press: Washington, DC, xi + 237 pp. 2007
 * Ayala, F.J. La Evolución de un Evolucionista. Escritos Seleccionados. University of Valencia: Valencia, Spain, 441 pp. 2006. ISBN 84-370-6526-7
 * Ayala, F.J. Darwin and Intelligent Design. Fortress Press: Minneapolis, MN, xi + 116 pp. 2006.
 * Ayala, F.J. and C.J. Cela Conde. La piedra que se volvió palabra. Las claves evolutivas de la humanidad. Alianza Editorial: Madrid, Spain. 184 pp. 2006 ISBN 84-206-4783-7
 * Hey, J., W.M. Fitch and F.J. Ayala, eds. Systematics and the Origin of Species. On Ernst Mayr's 100th Anniversary. National Academies Press: Washington, DC. xiii + 367 pp. 2005 ISBN 0-309-09536-0
 * Wuketits, F.M. and F.J. Ayala, eds. Handbook of Evolution: The Evolution of Living Systems (Including Hominids), Volume 2. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany. 292 pp. 2005. ISBN 978-3-527-61971-9
 * Ayala, F.J. Le Ragioni dell’ Evoluzione. Di Renzo Editore: Rome. 109 pp. 2005.
 * Ayala, F.J. Human Evolution: Biology, Culture, Ethics. In: J.B. Miller, ed., The Epic of Evolution. Science and Religion in Dialogue (Pearson Education, Inc.: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey), pp. 166–180. 2004.

title: Francisco J. Ayala


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Talk:Winston Churchill High School (Lethbridge)

WCHS in Potomac, Maryland
The high school I graduated from, a Montgomery County, Maryland public school located in Potomac is also named Winston Churchill High School. My school possesses a higher enrollment than this one, and, located in an affluent suburb of Washington, D.C., has many notable alumni. I would like to create an article on my WCHS, but propose a disambiguation page be placed here so that no school by that name (of which there are likely many) have precedence simply because of the order in which articles were created.VJ 06:02, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Alright, done. -VJ 06:27, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Name change
I thought it was a smart idea to rename the article, but I'm confused at why the city's name (with or without the province) wasn't used, given the existence of a similiar, though not identical, school name in the province. We could then have all the old article names (those named for the same person), point to a single disambig/list page. --rob 07:13, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, my thinking was that I just wanted to disambiguate it with the only other Winston Churchill High School there was an article for (the one in Maryland, the article for which I just created). I figured specifying the article name by country wouldn't be granular enough (I'm sure there are other high schools named after Churchill in the US and Canada), and that specifying by city name would be too granular (also, specifying a city always requires specifying the state/province as well, since city names are so far from unique). I think it's sufficient, especially since I created a disambiguation page for Winston Churchill High School that links to all three schools, the one in Maryland and the two in Alberta, so whenever anybody searches for Winston Churchill High School, they'll see both options. In any case, if you want to change the qualifiers from state/province to city, I won't object. -VJ 07:37, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, on rethought, your right about this article's name, the province is sufficient, and saves keystrokes. --rob 07:57, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There is a related discussion, about how to name school articles, at Wikipedia talk:Schools. --rob 10:34, 7 November 2005 (UTC)


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Rhode Island Route 165

Route 165 is a 7.1 mi numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. Its western terminus is a continuation of Connecticut Route 165 at the Connecticut border, and its eastern terminus is at Rhode Island Route 3 in Exeter. It runs entirely on Ten Rod Road, where one rod is 16.5 feet and so ten rods is 165 feet, matching the route number.

Route description
Route 165 enters Rhode Island on a causeway over Beach Pond. It travels east through the woods along Ten Rod Road. Shortly before its eastern end, the highway passes beneath Interstate 95, however Route 165 does not connect directly to the Interstate. It ends at an intersection with Nooseneck Hill Road, which carries Route 3.

title: Rhode Island Route 165


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Talk:Rothesay

Pronunciation
I've often wondered how Rothesay is pronounced, as it's a name I known only from reading, and never heard a Scot say it. Indefatigable 20:30, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Is the o [ɒ] or [əʊ]?
 * Is the th [θ] or [ð]?
 * Is the e [ə] or silent?
 * Is the s [s] or [z]?

 * I have no idea of phonetic symbols, but i think most people say ROTH-e-sey, with the e more of a space than an actual e, and a soft s, not z. Some locals say "Rossey".
 * Do you suggest it has three syllables?

I would pronounce 'Roth' as in 'broth' and add 'say'. The 'e' is generally not pronounced. Hope this helps ! 90.7.231.28 (talk) 19:42, 31 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The person on the recording seems to be English. I wonder if the penultimate sound isn't /z/. The final sound is /i/, not /ei/.

Rothesay is pronounced "Rothsay" (Roth say) the 'e' is silent.

Naming convention
Naming_conventions_(geographic_names) suggests that the preferred name for the article is Rothesay, Scotland. The need is to distinguish from places outside Scotland. Any thoughts? Finavon (talk) 09:08, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

derivation
Could the English Roth be equivalent to the Gaelic Bhòid? If so, Rothesay may mean the isle of Bute. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.189.103.145 (talk) 13:32, 2 June 2012 (UTC) No the derivation is held to be from Viking settlers and started as Roth's Ey - i.e. Roth's Island. See main entry for Bute https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Bute — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.2.109.126 (talk) 12:50, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

Notable People
Richard Attenborough removed because his link is to a section of Bute remote from Rothesay not the town! --Stephencdickson (talk) 21:16, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 6 November 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: pages moved. (non-admin closure) Celia Homeford (talk) 14:26, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

– I think that the capital of the Isle of Bute is the primary topic. It gets more than double views [|Rothesay,_New_Brunswick|Rothesay_(electoral_district)] and the one in Canada is named after this one. Per WP:2DABPRIMARY I suggest that we add a direct link to Rothesay, New Brunswick. Maybe it should be at Rothesay, Isle of Bute since the OS uses that name for the island, however apparently that's not proper, even though that's what its commonly called.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 15:02, 6 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Rothesay, Bute → Rothesay
 * Rothesay → Rothesay (disambiguation)
 * Support per nom. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:45, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Rothesay


text:
Francisco Ayala (novelist)

Francisco Ayala García-Duarte (16 March 1906 – 3 November 2009) was a Spanish writer, the last representative of the Generation of '27.

Biography
He was born on 16 March 1906 in Granada. At the age of 16 he went to Madrid, where he studied Law and Humanities. During those years he published his first two novels, Tragicomedia de un hombre sin espíritu (Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man) and Historia de un amanecer (A Sunrise Tale).

He got a Ph.D. in Law at the Universidad de Madrid, where he would also be a teacher. A post-graduate grant allowed him to go to Berlin to study philosophy and sociology from 1929 to 1931, during the advent of Nazism. There, he met the Chilean Etelvina Silva Vargas, whom he married in 1931 and with whom he would later have a daughter, Nina.

He was a frequent contributor to the Revista de Occidente and Gaceta Literaria.

At the beginning of the Republic he became a lawyer for the Parliament. He was lecturing in South America when the Spanish Civil War erupted; he worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the war.

During the Spanish Civil War his father and his younger brother Rafael were killed by the Nationalists. When the Republican side lost the war, he exiled in Buenos Aires, where he spent ten years. There he worked for the literary magazine Sur, the newspaper La Nación and the publisher Losada. He also founded, along with fellow Spaniard Lorenzo Luzuriaga, the magazine Realidad.

During the '50s he moved to Puerto Rico, where he would teach at the Law school in the University of Puerto Rico, invited by Dean Manuel Rodríguez Ramos. He later went to the United States, where he taught Spanish Literature at the Universities of Princeton, Rutgers, New York and Chicago, though he maintained a close intellectual and cultural bond with Puerto Rico, where other noted Spaniards such as Pablo Casals and Juan Ramón Jiménez were also exiled.

He returned to Spain first in 1960. From that year onwards he would return every summer and bought a house there, rejoining literary life. In 1976, after Franco's death, he moved to Madrid for good, where he continued his work as a writer, lecturer and journalist. In 1983, at the age of 77, he was elected to the Real Academia Española. He kept on writing to a very old age. In 1988 he received the Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas. In 1991 he received the Miguel de Cervantes Prize and, in 1998, the Prince of Asturias Award in Literature.

Career
Critics have usually divided Ayala's work in two stages: before and after the Spanish Civil War.

During his first stage, before the Civil War, Tragicomedia de un hombre sin espíritu (Tragicomedy of a Spiritless Man, 1925) and Historia de un amanecer (A Sunrise Tale, 1926) follow a traditional narrative line. With El boxeador y el ángel (The Boxer and the Angel, 1929) and Cazador en el alba (Hunter at Dawn, 1930) he embraced avant-garde prose. Both tale collections feature a metaphorical style, stylistically brilliant, with a lack of interest in the anecdotical and a fascination for the modern world.

After a long silence, Ayala begun his second stage in exile with El hechizado (The Bewitched, 1944), a tale of a Creole man trying to meet King Charles II of Spain (known as the Bewitched), which became part of Los usurpadores (The Usurpers, 1949), a collection of seven narrations with the common theme of lust for power. The story is used here as a reflection on the past, in order to better know the present. Ayala gets closer here to Kafka's existential and absurd world, including an implicit critic to the immorality and stupidity of power.

La cabeza del cordero (The Lamb Head, 1949) is a collection of tales on the Civil War, where he pays more attention to the analysis of passions and human behaviour than to the relation of outside developments. Muertes de perro (Dog Deaths, 1958) denounced the situation of a country under a dictatorship, while presenting human degradation in a world with no values. El fondo del vaso (The Bottom of the Glass, 1962) complements his previous novel, which is commented by several characters. Irony becomes a central resource in this work, though a greater understanding for the human being replaces contempt.

After these novels, Ayala kept publishing short tales, such as those collected in El As de Bastos (The Ace of Staves, 1963), El rapto (The Kidnap, 1965), and El jardín de las delicias (The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1971). The latest features a contrast between the satyric objectivity in the first part, Diablo mundo (Devil World), and the evocative, subjective and lyrical tone in the second, Días felices (Happy Days). These works were followed by De triunfos y penas (Of Triumph and Sorrow, 1982) and El jardín de las malicias (The Garden of Earthly Malice, 1988), where he collected six tales written at different times in his life.

Ayala was also a prolific essay writer, covering political and social aspects, as well as reflections on Spain's past and present, cinema and literature.

He wrote his memoirs, Recuerdos y olvidos (Reminiscences and Overlooks, 1982, 1983, 1988, 2006). He was a member of the Academia de Buenas Letras de Granada. In November 2003 he was proclaimed Honorary Fellow of the association Granada Histórica at his birthplace. He mentioned that was "maybe, one of the most beautiful moments in the last stage of my life because, after nearly a century of feeling a granadino across the world, now I feel recognised by the granadinos themselves".

His short story El Tajo (The Tagus) was included in Partes de guerra (War Reports), an anthology of tales about the Spanish Civil War by Spanish writer Ignacio Martínez de Pisón.

He was a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1997.

In 2007 he became the first donor for the Caja de las Letras (Letter Vault) of the Instituto Cervantes.

Francisco Ayala died in Madrid, 3 November 2009, at the age of 103. He was cremated at the San Isidro cemetery in Madrid.

He was survived by his second wife, scholar and translator Carolyn Richmond.

Narrative

 * Tragicomedia de un hombre sin espíritu (1925).
 * Historia de un amanecer (1926).
 * El boxeador y un ángel (1929).
 * Cazador en el alba (1930).
 * El hechizado (1944).
 * Los usurpadores (1949).
 * La cabeza del cordero (1949).
 * Historia de macacos (1955).
 * Muertes de perro (1958).
 * El fondo del vaso (1962).
 * El as de Bastos (1963).
 * Mis mejores páginas (1965).
 * El rapto (1965).
 * Cuentos (1966).
 * Obras narrativas completas. Glorioso triunfo del príncipe Arjuna (1969).
 * Lloraste en el Generalife.
 * El jardín de las delicias (1971).
 * El hechizado y otros cuentos (1972).
 * De triunfos y penas (1982).
 * El jardín de las malicias (1988).
 * Relatos granadinos (1990).
 * Recuerdos y olvidos 1 (1982) (Memorias).
 * Recuerdos y olvidos 2 (1983) (Memorias).
 * El regreso (1992).
 * De mis pasos en la tierra (1996).
 * Dulces recuerdos (1998).
 * Un caballero granadino y otros relatos (1999).
 * Cuentos imaginarios (1999).

Essay

 * El derecho social en la Constitución de la República española (1932).
 * El pensamiento vivo de Saavedra Fajardo (1941).
 * El problema del liberalismo (1941).
 * El problema del liberalismo (1942). Edición ampliada.
 * Historia de la libertad (1943).
 * Los políticos (1944).
 * Histrionismo y representación (1944).
 * Una doble experiencia política: España e Italia (1944).
 * Ensayo sobre la libertad (1945).
 * Jovellanos (1945).
 * Ensayo sobre el catolicismo, el liberalismo y el socialismo (1949). De Donoso Cortés, con edición y estudio preliminar de Francisco Ayala.
 * La invención del Quijote (1950).
 * Tratado de sociología (1947).
 * Ensayos de sociología política (1951).
 * Introducción a las ciencias sociales (1952).
 * Derechos de la persona individual para una sociedad de masas (1953).
 * Breve teoría de la traducción (1956).
 * El escritor en la sociedad de masas (1956).
 * La crisis actual de la enseñanza (1958).
 * La integración social en América (1958).
 * Tecnología y libertad (1959).
 * Experiencia e invención (1960).
 * Razón del mundo (1962).
 * De este mundo y el otro (1963).
 * Realidad y ensueño (1963).
 * La evasión de los intelectuales (1963).
 * Problemas de la traducción (1965).
 * España a la fecha (1965).
 * El curioso impertinente, de Miguel de Cervantes (1967). Edición y prólogo.
 * El cine, arte y espectáculo (1969).
 * Reflexiones sobre la estructura narrativa (1970).
 * El Lazarillo: reexaminado. Nuevo examen de algunos aspectos (1971).
 * Los ensayos. Teoría y crítica literaria (1972).
 * Confrontaciones (1972).
 * Hoy ya es ayer (1972).
 * Cervantes y Quevedo (1974).
 * La novela: Galdós y Unamuno (1974).
 * El escritor y su imagen (1975).
 * El escritor y el cine (1975).
 * Galdós en su tiempo (1978).
 * El tiempo y yo. El jardín de las delicias (1978).
 * Palabras y letras (1983).
 * La estructura narrativa y otras experiencias literarias (1984).
 * La retórica del periodismo y otras retóricas (1985).
 * La imagen de España (1986).
 * Mi cuarto a espaldas (1988).
 * Las plumas del Fénix. Estudios de literatura española (1989).
 * El escritor en su siglo (1990).
 * Contra el poder y otros ensayos (1992).
 * El tiempo y yo, o el mundo a la espalda (1992).
 * En qué mundo vivimos (1996).
 * Miradas sobre el presente: ensayos y sociología, 1940-1990 (2006).

Press articles

 * El mundo y yo (1985).

Translations

 * A. Zweig, Lorenzo y Ana (1930).
 * Carl Schmitt, Teoría de la constitución (1934). Traducción y prólogo.
 * Ernst Manheim, La opinión pública (1936).
 * Karl Mannheim, El hombre y la sociedad en la época de crisis (1936).
 * Thomas Mann, Lotte in Weimar (1941).
 * Sieyes, ¿Qué es el tercer estado? (1942).
 * Benjamin Constant, Mélanges de la Littérature et de Politique (1943).
 * Rainer Maria Rilke, Die Aufzeichnungen von Malte Laurids Brigge (1944).
 * Manuel Antônio de Almeida, Memorias de un sargento de milicias (1946).''
 * Maximilian Beck, Psicología: Esencia y realidad del alma (1947). Traducción junto con Otto Langfelder.
 * A. Confort, The novel and our time (1949).
 * Alberto Moravia, La romana (1950).

title: Francisco Ayala (novelist)


text:
Badal Roy

Badal Roy (বাদল রায়; born Amarendra Roy Chowdhury; 16 October 1939 – 18 January 2022) was an Indian tabla player, percussionist, and recording artist known for his work in jazz, world music, and experimental music.

Biography
Roy was born Amarendra Roy Chowdhury on 16 October 1939, into a Hindu family in a predominantly Muslim eastern Bengal region in Comilla, British India (which later became East Pakistan, then Bangladesh). His mother, Sova Rani Roy Chowdhury, was a homemaker, while his father, Satyenda Nath Roy Chowdhury was a government official in Eastern Pakistan. The name Badal (meaning "rain," "cloud", or "thunder" in the Bengali language), was given to him by his grandfather after he began crying in the rain as a toddler. He spoke the Bengali, English, Hindi, and Urdu languages.

He was introduced to music, in particular the percussion instrument Tabla, by his uncle. An early inspiration for Roy was American popular music, and he particularly enjoyed the music of artists such as Elvis Presley, Pat Boone, and Nat King Cole. His first exposure to jazz came when he saw a concert by Duke Ellington in Karachi, West Pakistan in 1963.

Roy received a master's degree in statistics. He came to New York City in 1968 to work on a PhD with only eight dollars in his pocket, he began working as a busboy and waiter in various Indian restaurants in the New York area, including Pak Indian Curry House, Taste of India and Raga. He later settled in East Brunswick Township, New Jersey. He later received lessons from Alla Rakha, a tabla player who performed with the sitar player Ravi Shankar and was Zakir Hussain's father.

Roy married Geeta Vashi in 1974. The couple had a son and lived in Wilmington, Delaware. Roy died from COVID-19 in Wilmington, on 18 January 2022, at the age of 82.

Career
When Roy moved to New York, he worked as a waiter in Indian restaurants in the region. In the weekends, he performed as a tabla artist accompanying a sitar player at A Taste of India, an Indian restaurant in Greenwich Village in New York. Here, he was spotted by John McLaughlin and was asked for accompanying him in jamming sessions and later partnered to record an album My Goal's Beyond (1971). The album was considered a landmark one in Indian-themed jazz.

Steve Gorn spotted him in a Manhattan restaurant called Raga, eventually attracting the attention of Miles Davis. Davis invited Roy to join his group, and he recorded on Davis's albums On the Corner (1972), Big Fun (1969–72; released 1974), and Get Up with It (1970–74). Roy subsequently performed and recorded with many leading jazz musicians, including Davis, Dave Liebman, Pharoah Sanders, John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, Herbie Mann, Pat Metheny, Lester Bowie, Airto Moreira, Charlie Haden, Purna Das Baul, and Ornette Coleman (playing in Coleman's electric band Prime Time). In the 1990s Roy began performing with the Brazilian guitar duo Duofel. He has also collaborated with Ken Wessel and Stomu Takeishi in a fusion trio named Alankar. They currently have one album entitled Daybreak.

Roy has appeared and offered workshops at RhythmFest, the Starwood Festival, and at the SpiritDrum Festival, a special tribute to the late Babatunde Olatunji (co-sponsored by ACE and Musart) with Muruga Booker, Jim Donovan of Rusted Root, Halim El-Dabh, Richie "Shakin'" Nagan, Jeff Rosenbaum and Sikiru Adepoju, among others. He often played with Muruga Booker in the Global Village Ceremonial Band, and with Michael Wolff & Impure Thoughts. In 2004, Roy worked with Richie Havens on the album The Grace of the Sun. In the first half of 2006, Roy travelled to Japan to appear in a tribute for David Baker, his recently deceased recording engineer and friend.

In addition to tabla, Roy also played a variety of percussion instruments including shakers, bells, rain stick, and flexatone. His notable students include Geoffrey Gordon.

In 2008, the album Miles From India, a tribute to Miles Davis on which Roy appeared, received a Grammy nomination.

Helix, his final recording as a member of Michael Moss's Accidental Orchestra, was in 2016.

Musical style
Unlike many tabla players, Roy does not come from a family of professional musicians and is essentially self-taught, although he studied with his late maternal uncle Dwijendra Chandra Chakraborty as a child, and also studied briefly with Alla Rakha. Consequently, his playing is freer than that of many other tabla players, who adhere more strictly to the tala system of Indian rhythm. He often played a set of up to eight tabla (tuned to different pitches) and two baya at a time, which he played melodically as well as rhythmically.

Discography
Source(s):

As leader

 * 1975 – Ashirbad (Trio Records)
 * 1976 – Passing Dreams (Adamo Records and Tapes)
 * 1997 – One in the Pocket (Nomad Records)
 * 1998 – Daybreak – Alankar
 * 2002 – Kolkata Rose (with Geoff Warren)
 * 2002 – Raga Roni (with Perry Robinson & Ed Schuller) Geeta

With Amit Chatterjee

 * 1997 – Endless Radiance (Art of the Duo) (Tutu)

With Ornette Coleman

 * 1988 – Jazzbühne Berlin '88 (Repertoire, 1990)
 * 1995 – Tone Dialing (Harmelodic/Verve)

With Miles Davis

 * 1974 – Big Fun (2xLP) Columbia Records, 2xCD Columbia (reissued 2000)
 * 1974 – Get Up with It (2xLP) Columbia Records 1974 (2xCD Coline 1991, 2000)
 * 1988 – Miles Davis: The Columbia Years 1955–1985 (Box set, also 4xCD) Columbia
 * 1993 – On the Corner (CD, Album)  Columbia Records, (Legacy reissued 2000)
 * 1997 – Miles Davis In Concert: Live At Philharmonic Hall, Legacy
 * 1998 – Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974

With Steve Gorn

 * 1983 – Yantra: Flute and Tabla (reissued 1994) (Music of the World)
 * 1982 – Asian Journal (with Nana Vasconcelos & Steve Gorn) (Nomad Records)

With Richie Havens

 * 2004 – Grace of the Sun

With Bill Laswell

 * 1998 – Sacred System: Nagual Site (CD)  BMG
 * 2000 – Lo. Def Pressure (LP & CD) Sub Rosa

With David Liebman

 * 1974 – Lookout Farm (LP) ECM Records
 * 1975 – Passing Dreams (reissued 1998, 2002)
 * 1975 – Drum Ode (LP) ECM Records
 * 1975 – Sweet Hands Horizon Records
 * 1975 – Ashirbad (reissued 2002)
 * 1976 – Father Time

With Herbie Mann

 * Sun Belt (Atlantic)

With John McLaughlin

 * 1970 – My Goal's Beyond Knit Classics (Ryko)

With Yoko Ono

 * 1982 – It's Alright (I See Rainbows)
 * 1992 – Onobox
 * 1992 – Walking on Thin Ice

With Mike Richmond

 * 1988 – Basic Tendencies (with Glen Velez) (Nomad Records)
 * 1982 – Asian Journal (with Nana Vasconcelos & Steve Gorn) (Nomad Records)

With Perry Robinson

 * 1978 – Kundalini

With Pharoah Sanders

 * 1972 – Wisdom Through Music (Impulse! Records)
 * 1974 – Love in Us All (CD) Universal Music (Japan)

With Lonnie Liston Smith

 * 1973 – Astral Traveling (Flying Dutchman)

With Leni Stern

 * 1991 – Ten Songs
 * 1998 – Recollection

With Steve Turre

 * 1992 – Sanctified Shells
 * 2000 – In the Valley of Sacred Sound – Harold E. Smith

With Barney McAll & Rufus Cappadocia

 * 2003 – Vivid Jazzhead

With Michael Wolff & Impure Thoughts

 * 2000 – Impure Thoughts Indianola Music
 * 2001 – Intoxicate Indianola Music
 * 2004 – Dangerous Vision Artemis Records
 * 2006 – Love & Destruction Rong Records

With other artists

 * 1967 – Virgo Vibes – Roy Ayers Atlantic (reissued 2002)
 * 1979 – Earthquake Island – Jon Hassell (Tomato Music)
 * 1984 – Mood Swing – The Nails (LP) RCA
 * 1989 – Dancing with the Lion – Andreas Vollenweider (CD) CBS (reissued with bonus tracks 2005)
 * 1993 – Angel Rodeo – Lisa Sokolov Laughing Horse Records
 * 1993 – Prophecy: The Whale & the Elephant Trade Notes on the State of the World – Zusaan Kali Fasteau (Flying Note)
 * 1994 – Espelho das Águas – Duofel (CD)(Velas)
 * 1997 – Rising Sun – D. K. Dyson (Ocean Records)
 * 1998 – Wake Up And Dream – Ekstasis (CD) CyberOctave
 * 2000 – Musica (with Luiz Bueno) MCD World Music
 * 2001 - Little Torch - Album: Rocket House - Chris Whitley
 * 2001 – Export Quality – Dum Dum Project (2xLP) X-Squared Records
 * 2001 – Daughters of the Sun – Nana Simopoulos (Na. Records)
 * 2001 – Branching Out – William Cepeda (Blue Jackel)
 * 2001 – The Sea to the North – Garth Hudson Woodstock Records
 * 2002 – Of Unicorns and Jasmine ...A Lover's Tale – Simirillion (with Cecil Wilson) Canned Air Records
 * 2002 – Sacred Spaces – Lee Boice
 * 2003 – Rebirth – Children on the Corner (Sonance Records)
 * 2003 – Heavy Skies – Roman Kunsman (Downtown Jazz)
 * 2005 – Free Funk (with Muruga Booker & members of the Global Village Ceremonial Band, Perry Robinson & Belita Woods) Qbico 2005
 * 2006 – Vivid (with Barney Mcall & Rufus Cappadocia) Jazzhead Oz
 * Songs For Sitar and Tabla (with Arooj Lazewai) Cassette (Music of the World)
 * 2007 – Bonfire Dreams – Various Artists, ACE
 * 2008 – OrthoFunkOlogy – Free Funk (with Muruga Booker & Perry Robinson) Musart
 * 2008 – An die Musik – Nobu Stowe & Alan Munshower with Badal Roy (Soul Note)
 * 2008 – Miles From India – Various Artists (4Q/Times Square Records)

title: Badal Roy


text:
Catherine Campbell

Catherine Anne Campbell (born 20 July 1963) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a right-arm off break bowler. She appeared in 9 Test matches and 85 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1988 and 2000. She stood in as captain in two ODIs at the 2000 World Cup, which were both won, and her final WODI appearance was in the final of the tournament. She played domestic cricket for Otago and Canterbury.

title: Catherine Campbell


text:
Talk:Tail 'Gator

Rename request, adding an apostrophe.
When I created the Tail Gator page, I mistakenly overlooked the fact that the game's title (as shown in the title screen, as well as GameFAQs and IGN, contains an apostrophe before the G of "Gator", indicating that it is short for Alligator. However, being a newbie, I can't move pages yet.

Sorry for making this article my guinea pig (or "guinea (')gator"), but I'm learning.

~GMH ''The comment above was posted by User:Glenn Magus Harvey. EdwinHJ | Talk 03:36, 22 July 2005 (UTC)''

 * I went ahead and moved this article for you. Once you are a registered user, you can move a page by clicking the "move" tab and the top of the article, assuming there isn't already a page at the desired (new) name. If there is, or you would like input or discussion on a more serious move, go ahead and list the page on WP:RM. Welcome to Wikipedia! EdwinHJ | Talk 03:31, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * PS to sign a comment, type four (4) tildes or ~ and you're user name and the time will be inserted automatically. EdwinHJ | Talk 03:36, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tail 'Gator


text:
Progress (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

"Progress" is the 15th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy, in orbit of the planet Bajor. In this episode Kira deals with a stubborn farmer who refuses to leave his home which is slated for destruction; Jake and Nog cooperate in a profit-seeking venture.

Plot
Bajor plans to tap the core of one of its moons to provide energy—a process that will render the moon uninhabitable. An elderly farmer, Mullibok, refuses to evacuate, and Major Kira goes to the moon to investigate. Despite (or perhaps because of) Mullibok's stubbornness, Kira grows fond of him. Over dinner, he describes how he escaped to the moon during the Cardassian occupation of Bajor. Mullibok gets Kira to admit that the Bajorans beat the Cardassians because they "hung on like fanatics," drawing a parallel between their struggle and his.

Kira reports her findings to Sisko and to Minister Toran, who is overseeing the project. Toran sends her back with two security guards to remove Mullibok. Kira attempts to reason with Mullibok while he goes about finishing a kiln he has been building. The guards arrest Mullibok's friends (Baltrim and Keena, who have been unable to speak since the Cardassian occupation). Mullibok becomes furious and attacks one of the guards; the other shoots him.

Bashir arrives to treat Mullibok's wound, and Baltrim and Keena are evacuated to Bajor. Sisko, knowing Toran will be furious, recommends that Bashir report that Kira must remain on the moon for several more days for humanitarian reasons, at Bashir's recommendation.

In a parallel story, Jake Sisko and Nog acquire surplus sauce that Quark has been unable to sell. The two make a succession of trades, eventually ending up with a strip of land on Bajor. When they overhear that the government is trying to secure the land for a building project, the pair offer it to Quark for five bars of gold-pressed latinum.

Back on the moon, Kira continues to bond with Mullibok. Sisko visits to remind Kira that her job is in jeopardy for supporting Mullibok. The two talk as Kira works on Mullibok's kiln, and she comes to realize that after years of fighting for the underdog she is now working for the other side. Sisko tells her a runabout is standing by to complete the evacuation.

After a night spent caring for Mullibok, Kira awakens to find him putting the final touches on his kiln. Kira tells him he has finished his work and she must finish hers. As long as his cottage stands, Mullibok says, he will remain on the moon. Kira destroys the kiln with her phaser and sets the cottage ablaze. Mullibok declares that he will die if he leaves. "I won't let you," Kira says, and calls the runabout for "Two to beam up."

Production
The self-sealing stem bolt prop was painted plastic and brass, with spring loaded pins and was 5.25 inches long. It was used for closeup shots, and also had blinking lights.

Critical response
Doux Reviews gave "Progress" 4 out 4, and praised the character development for Kira Nerys.

In 2018, SyFy recommend this episode for its abbreviated watch guide for the Bajoran character Kira Nerys. They note how this former resistance leader turned diplomat must struggle with her emotions and sense of duty. She is faced with a challenging case of forced relocation pitting the new Bajoran government's plan for development against some citizens.

In 2019, ScreenRant ranked this one of the top ten episodes for the character Nog, noting his friendship with Jake.

title: Progress (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)


text:
Naringenin

Naringenin is a flavanone from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is commonly found in citrus fruits, especially as the predominant flavonone in grapefruit.

The fate and biological functions of naringenin in vivo are unknown, remaining under preliminary research, as of 2024. High consumption of dietary naringenin is generally regarded as safe, mainly due to its low bioavailability. Taking dietary supplements or consuming grapefruit excessively may impair the action of anticoagulants and increase the toxicity of various prescription drugs.

Similar to furanocoumarins present in citrus fruits, naringenin may evoke CYP3A4 suppression in the liver and intestines, possibly resulting in adverse interactions with common medications.

Structure
Naringenin has the skeleton structure of a flavanone with three hydroxy groups at the 4′, 5, and 7 carbons. It may be found both in the aglycol form, naringenin, or in its glycosidic form, naringin, which has the addition of the disaccharide neohesperidose attached via a glycosidic linkage at carbon 7.

Like the majority of flavanones, naringenin has a single chiral center at carbon 2, although the optical purity is variable. Racemization of (S)-(−)-naringenin has been shown to occur fairly quickly.

Sources and bioavailability
Naringenin and its glycoside has been found in a variety of herbs and fruits, including grapefruit, oranges, and lemons, sour orange, sour cherries, tomatoes, cocoa, Greek oregano, water mint, as well as in beans. Ratios of naringenin to naringin vary among sources, as do enantiomeric ratios.

The naringenin-7-glucoside form seems less bioavailable than the aglycol form.

Grapefruit juice can provide much higher plasma concentrations of naringenin than orange juice.

Naringenin can be absorbed from cooked tomato paste. There are 3.8 mg of naringenin in 150 grams of tomato paste.

Biosynthesis and metabolism
Naringenin can be produced from naringin by the hydrolytic action of the liver enzyme naringinase. Naringenin is derived from malonyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA. The latter is derived from phenylalanine. The resulting tetraketide is acted on by chalcone synthase to give the chalcone that then undergoes ring-closure to naringenin.

The enzyme naringenin 8-dimethylallyltransferase uses dimethylallyl diphosphate and (−)-(2S)-naringenin to produce diphosphate and 8-prenylnaringenin. Cunninghamella elegans, a fungal model organism of the mammalian metabolism, can be used to study the naringenin sulfation.

Metabolic fate and research
The fate and biological roles of naringenin are difficult to study because naringenin is rapidly metabolized in the intestine and liver, and its metabolites are destined for excretion. The biological activities of naringenin metabolites are unknown, and likely to be different in structure and function from those of the parent compound.

title: Naringenin


text:
Network Equipment-Building System

NEBS (Network Equipment-Building System) describes the environment of a typical United States RBOC Central Office. NEBS is the most common set of safety, spatial and environmental design guidelines applied to telecommunications equipment in the United States. It is an industry requirement, but not a legal requirement.

NEBS was developed by Bell Labs in the 1970s to standardize equipment that would be installed in a central office. The objective was to make it easier for a vendor to design equipment compatible with a typical Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) central office (CO). This would result in lower development costs and ease the equipment's introduction into the network. Telcordia now manages the NEBS specifications. The four then-largest US Telecommunications companies (AT&T, Verizon, BellSouth, and CenturyLink) created the Telecommunications Carrier Group (TCG), a group formed to synchronize NEBS standards across the industry in the US. The TCG checklist specifies the individual NEBS requirements of each of its members in a matrix, making it simple to compare them.

Levels
"NEBS Level 1" means a very low threshold of equipment hazards and network degradation. NEBS Level 1 addresses the personnel and equipment safety requirements of GR-63-CORE and GR-1089-CORE. Operability requirements are not enforced for NEBS Level 1 certification. It is primarily used for getting prototypes into lab trials. RBOCs require all equipment deployed by CLECs to be NEBS Level 1 certified.

"NEBS Level 2" addresses equipment operability in a controlled environment (usually datacenters) that will not be subjected to environmental stress. Because of ambiguity, this level of certification is rarely (if ever) used.

"NEBS Level 3" is a term from Bellcore special report, SR-3580, and means the equipment meets all of the requirements of GR-63-CORE and GR-1089-CORE. NEBS Level 3 has strict specifications for fire suppression, thermal margin testing, vibration resistance (earthquakes), airflow patterns, acoustic limits, failover and partial operational requirements (such as chassis fan failures), failure severity levels, RF emissions and tolerances, and testing/certification requirements.

NOTE:

 * 1) Verizon and AT&T do not follow NEBS Level 3 or SR-3580. They use their own NEBS checklist, Verizon Checklist (in MS Word format) and AT&T Checklist, that details what they believe are important to their network's integrity. Both accept the TCG Checklist that can be found at those websites.

Physical protection of equipment
NEBS contains the key industry requirements for how to design and build reliable electronics for telecom network use. It is unique in its focus on telecommunications applications and environments for electronic systems. The proper design, engineering, manufacturing, and workmanship of equipment are critical for long-term use in all environments.

For physical protection, good engineering practices cover metal surface treatment and contact compatibility, flammability ratings, component marking and traceability, electrical and mechanical integrity, and a variety of process manufacturing issues.

The RBOCs often require that detail design selection and implementation take into account the various elements of NEBS GR-78, Generic Requirements for the Physical Design and Manufacture of Telecommunications Products and Equipment

GR-78 has requirements that cover details of design implementation that need to be discussed, reviewed, and implemented, as appropriate, in equipment intended to be NEBS compliant. Topics include, but are not limited to, materials and finishes; electrostatic discharge requirements; printed wiring boards and assemblies; connectors, wire, and cable; product marking and identification; and qualification test procedures. GR-78 also clarifies the industry position on the use of Lead (Pb)-free solder and allows for alternative finishes such as immersion silver, etc.

title: Network Equipment-Building System


text:
Talk:Michael Strogoff

When is the novel set?
I think the setting of the novel is some forty-fifty years before it was written (it repeatedly has formulations such as "in those days..."), though the translation I read (a half-hearted Norwegian one) did not mention any year. Anybody know? And did the war really take place, or is it fiction? Jørgen 20:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

In the 1999 adaptation of the movie the use flintlock pistols.Maybe during the reign of Alexander I or Nicholas I?And how the hell he can be the courier for the czar Alexander III when he only came to power in 1881,5 years after the book was written?Or Verne took another guess?

Does anyone know when Michel Strogoff was born?? Where and when?????

 * The telegraph is supposed to be in existence, it is used now and then by the two journalists in the first half of the novel - though the lines deeper into Siberia have been torn down by Feofar's army. This would probanly put the story at least later than 1850. On the other hand, and as noted in the article, the whole idea of the military face-off between the Tartars and the Russians is an anachronism - the Tartar Khans were no match for the Russians after at least the early 18th century. The 1850s or early 1860s could be vaguely suggested.83.251.170.27 (talk) 18:19, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

Inadequate plot summary
Someone familiar with the book should amplify the plot summary. As written it is confusing; does not for example tell how Michael avoided being blinded. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.232.30.221 (talk) 21:06, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * While it needn't be exhaustive, the article could use more meat. The article states that "a scientific phenomenon is a plot device" but doesn't say which phenomenon. --Thomas B♘ talk 20:28, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

Title
Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (French: Michel Strogoff)
 * I read that to mean that its full original French title was simply "Michel Strogoff", and that the sub-title was created for the English translation only. If that's true, we ought to make an explicit note to that effect.  But if that's not the case, what was the full original French title?  --  JackofOz (talk) 07:05, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * It was (reading off a photocopy of 1876 Hetzel's edition)

Michel Strogoff Moscou - Irkoutsk par Jules Verne
 * IMO, typeface of the second line is too small so we can assume Michel Strogoff is the name. I'll upload the scan as time allows. done NVO (talk) 11:31, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks, NVO. --  JackofOz (talk) 17:49, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Correlation to actual events
This section seems both WP:POV and WP:OR.Autarch (talk) 20:12, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Character page needed
This page is categorized as both a novel and a character. I am removing the character category tag since it should be placed on a character page for Michael Strogoff instead. mheart ( talk ) 00:05, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Koran reference
The Tartar Khan chooses to blind Strogoff after choosing at random a verse from the Koran. Could you provide a link to that verse? --Error (talk) 00:46, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * It was "And he will no more see the things of this earth.", in French "Et il ne verra plus les choses de la terre" but I cannot find a reference into the Quran. 194.174.73.80 (talk) 16:33, 2 October 2018 (UTC) Marco Pagliero Berlin

Any truth in the rumour that this novel was the inspiration to "modern pentathlon"?
Is it only me or has anyone else heard this? Michael Strogoff had to run, swim, ride an unfamiliar horse, shoot his pistol and fence to get a dispatch to its intended recipient. Hence modern pentathlon as we know it.

title: Talk:Michael Strogoff


text:
CWF Heavyweight Championship

The NWA Continental Heavyweight Championship was a major title in the National Wrestling Alliance's Alabama territory called Southeastern Championship Wrestling. It existed from 1984 until 1988 when SECW became the Continental Wrestling Federation. The title continued on as the CWF Heavyweight Championship from 1988 until 1989 when the CWF closed.

title: CWF Heavyweight Championship


text:
Gabriele Tredozi

Gabriele Tredozi (born September 9, 1957, in Brisighella, Italy) is a former engineer with the Minardi and Scuderia Toro Rosso Formula One teams.

Career
While studying mechanical engineering at Bologna University, Tredozi began working for Minardi as an assistant race engineer. Between 1988 and 1996, he race engineered for Pierluigi Martini, Adrián Campos, Christian Fittipaldi, Fabrizio Barbazza and Pedro Lamy. In 1997, following the departure of Aldo Costa to Ferrari, he was appointed as the team's technical coordinator. Responsible for both the design and production areas as well as for on-track technical management, he stayed in that role under technical director Gustav Brunner. When Brunner moved to Toyota in 2001, Tredozi became technical director, where he controlled the day-to-day operation of the drawing office as well as the technical staff. When Minardi was bought and turned into Scuderia Toro Rosso, he stayed on until he was replaced by Alex Hitzinger in mid-2006.

Personal life
Tredozi is married to Claudia, he has one son, Tommaso. His main hobby is cycling.

title: Gabriele Tredozi


text:
Talk:Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative

Alliance between the WASG and PDS/Left Party./Whatever
Can someone explain the exact nature of the alliance between the WASG and the Left Party? Is "the Left Party" the new name for the WASG-PDS combo? Or are the WASG and Left Party still separate? And if they are separate, how will their "alliance" work for the national party list vote in September? Won't there need to be one name used nationwide on ballots for the list vote, and if so what will that name be? --Jfruh 20:36, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

In Germany, the national Election is organized by state (Land) and so the ballots are printed and the lists registered. Many small parties only run inparticular states, because they could not achieve the necessary number of supporters nationwide. The CSU (sister party of the major CDU) is principally active only in Bavaria, while the CDU does not exist there. In Bundestag, the deputies of both parties unite to one club (Fraktion). However, to get seats in Bundestag, a party has to gain 5% of the nationwide vote. Inofficial voting alliances are not regarded. So, the two parties "Left Party" and "WASG" have to run under the same name. The PDS wanted the smaller WASG to send its candidates on open lists of PDS, and so the WASG will do, but with a changed name of the PDS. The difficulty is, that parliamentary representation of the WASG depends totally on whether the local Left Party/PDS conventions will really nominate WASG members for good positions. Until now, it is just a wish of the party leaders. -- CFR-Berlin 23:07, 27 July 2005 (MET)

Name of the Party
I suggest the article be renamed. Deutsche Welle, Germany international broadcaster, uses "Electoral Alternative for Labor and Social Justice" instead of "Labour and Social Justice Party".
 * I agree with this. It's much closer to the original German. --Duncan 11:13, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
 * "Electoral Alternative for Labor and Social Justice" is definitely more accurate than "Labour and Social Justice Party". One reason why the party was founded was, that people, mainly workers and unionists, didn't know who to vote anymore, so an electoral alternative was needed. Please do the change. I'm a german reader. --84.159.146.183 03:42, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Political Ideology
I think there is a mistake in the block at the right side of the article page: WASG is not a socialistic party. There are some socialistic groups being part of the WASG especially some trotzkists like SAV or Linksruck but you will find no hint in WASG program that they tend to socialism or communism. In fact WASG was founded because people didn't want to enter the former PDS. At the present time both parties are discussing whether Democratic Socialism should be mentioned as goal in the program of the planned new left party.

The principles of the WASG could be called social democratic and direct democratic. The foundation program is talking about a solidly united and democratic society. Maybe someone could find a more convenient expression to insert.

 * I plan to write an updated article on the new party, "Die LINKE.", when its formed in June at the unification congress in Berlin. At that time, I'll make the corrections requested here: including an accurate (I hope) description of the new party's relationship with socialism. The founding documents agreed by the Linkspartei.PDS and WASG don't mention the word, but do refer to "democratic socialists" and "members of" WASG who are creating the new party together. So care will have to be taken with the language.

 * The new article--I recommend--will borrow both from this article and the existing article on the "Left Party.PDS". I suggest a brief summary of the party followed by separate sections on the history of the PDS and the WASG, an assessment of the party's relative electoral strength in East and West, its basic program, etc.

 * Question: is their a review process for an article before it's published? Though I'm qualified to write this, and I was one of the primary authors of the original PDS article, I'd be helped by comments and corrections by other informed readers before it's posted.--langohio 21:16, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

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