text:
Talk:Han van Meegeren

An amusing story.
One can only wish that another frustrated artist and contemporary of van Meegeren's - Adolf Hitler - had chosen such a nonviolent means of assuaging his damaged ego. -Kasreyn

Where are they now?
Any info on what became of van Meegeren's paintings? They still must be something to look at, if they fooled the experts, and certainly they are a terrific historical curiosity. -R. fiend 01:50, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

There is at least one (the first Emmaus) in the Boymans en Van Beuningen museum in Rotterdam.

Lord Kilbracken has given a list of the whereabouts of Van Meegeren's fakes in his 1967 book.

Improving the article
The sentence "Christ With The Adultress was found in the Austrian salt mine by Allied forces, and led to Van Meegeren's arrest" should state what crime van Meegeren was arrested for.71.224.204.167 15:54, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

A reference is required for the assertion that the supposed van Meegeren forgery entitled "Laughing Cavalier" is the one in the Wallace collection: I think it may be a different painting in the Groninger Museum (http://www.mystudios.com/gallery/han/media.html)Mastiff 02:33, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It appears that you are right. The provanance of the Cavalier at Wallace proves that their painting could not be a van Meegeren forgery. I have edited the page to reflect this. --DO11.10 17:21, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Van Meegeren
You could add that there exist two recently published books

1. Han Van Meegeren Masterforger by Frederik H. Krerueger (in Dutch, but translation in preparation) Amsterdam 2004  ISBN 9076988536

2. The Deception (in English) by Frederiik H. Kreuger A novel which follows Van Meegeren's life for 95% and ends with a short history on his real life Rijswijk/De Haag 2005   ISBN 9059590317

This remark added by the author, F.H. Kreuger.

 * Dear Mr. Kreuger, I can't find your first book on Amazon or anywhere... if it has pictures, I would like to see it :( Ashibaka tock 15:45, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Dear Ashibaka: I'm surprised that Amazon could not deliver this book. But the problem was perhaps that you asked for the title in English, whereas it should be in Dutch: "Han van Meegeren. Meestervervalser" Try that one, please. If that doesn't work you could as well e-mail the publisher: eeskens@veenmagazines.nl. It has more than 100 pictures, many of them not published before.

Frederik H. Kreuger

Improvement and Expansion
I am working on an English translation of the fabulous German article on Han van Meegeren. I expect that this translation will vastly improve this article and provide a much more comprehensive look at his life. I expect to complete the translation shortly.--DO11.10 19:02, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

condensation of introduction
This article, overall, is superb. However, if there is one thing that needs to be improved, it is that the introduction is much too long -- it does not need to go into so much detail, since that is what the article is going to do. -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:50, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * DO11.10 deserves a round of applause for an excellent job cutting the introduction down while keeping it informative and readable. Nice work, DO! -- Antaeus Feldspar 14:57, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Aw shucks, thanks. I have changed several other things within the article, as per the suggestions of peer reviewers. Do you have any other suggestions?--DO11.10 03:58, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

GA failed
I have reviewed this article according to the GA criteria and have quick-failed the article due to a lack of inline citations. The article is very comprehensive, which is excellent to see. There are a few inline citations found throughout the article, but a lot more need to be added due to the amount of information and the length of the article. Entire sections throughout the article are not referenced. Go through the article and for every statement you think that may be questioned about its verifiability, then add an inline citation after it. Once you have addressed these issues and looked over the other criteria, consider renominating. If you disagree with this review, you can seek an alternate review at Good article review. If you have any questions, let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. --Nehrams2020 18:15, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

GA on hold
After misinterpreting the inline citations due to use of Harvard referencing, I am reviewing the article again. Please address the following issues and I will pass the article.
 * 1) "was a Dutch painter, and art-restorer," I think the comma should be removed after "painter".✅
 * 2) "He had masterfully replicated the styles and colours of the artists he copied..." "Masterfully" may be seen as POV, please reword.✅ changed to "had so well"
 * 3) "These crimes threatened the death penalty; and so van Meegeren fearfully confessed to the forgery, he then sought to exonerate himself by painting another “Vermeer” from his jail cell." Move the semicolon to after "forgery".✅
 * 4) "On 12 November 1947 van Meegeren..." Wikilink full dates. The next occurrence is in the next sentence. Go through the rest of the article and wikilink the rest (including the infobox).✅
 * 5) "Korteling had been greatly inspired by Johannes Vermeer". "Greatly inspired" doesn't seem encyclopedic, consider rewording.✅ removed "greatly"
 * 6) "Unfortunately, his father did..." Don't use "unfortunately".✅
 * 7) "In the summer 1914 van Meegeren moved..." "In the summer of 1914"✅
 * 8) "He completed the diploma examination at the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague, receiving his diploma, in drawing, on August 4, 1914." Remove the comma after "diploma" and "drawing".✅
 * 9) Add a wikilink for his salary of "75 guldens" to Dutch gulden.✅
 * 10) "Although he had not passed the portrait-painting section of his diploma examination in 1914, he now dedicated himself to portraiture, as it served to earn him the most money" Add a wikilink for portraiture.✅
 * 11) "Van Meegeren felt that his genius had been misjudged," In prior occurrences where sentences started with his last name, "van" was not capitalized, but it is here. I don't know what the exact rule is for capitalizing "van", but choose which one is best and stick with it. You may have to go through the whole article to see that it is uniform. The next instance I noticed was two paragraphs later.✅-I did some checking, apparently with the first name it is Han van Meegeren, but when used alone the name should be Van Meegeren, I have changed this to be consistent throughout.
 * 12) "Vermeer had not been particularly well-known until the beginning of the twentieth century, his works were both scarce, only about 35 of Vermeer's works have survived, and valuable." Add a semicolon after "century".✅
 * 13) "Another factor that may have influenced his choice of Vermeer was that during WWII most of Vermeer’s actual works were in protective storage and were unavailable for comparison with van Meegeren's forgeries." Add an inline citation for this.✅
 * 14) "for 550,000 guilders ($300,000 or about $4M today)." Spell out million.✅
 * 15) "In November 1944, van Meegeren moved to Amsterdam, where he took up residence in the exclusive Keizersgracht 321 (Boissevain, 1996:233)" This sentence is missing a period.✅
 * 16) "He used this money to purchase a large amount of real estate, as well as works of art, and to further his luxurious life-style." There shouldn't be a hyphen between lifestyle, unless you are using another region of English (I'm using American). If you are, ignore this suggestion. ✅ The article is written in British English so it should probably remain.
 * 17) "Niedl later sold it to Reichsmarshall Hermann Goering for 1.65 million guilders ($625,000 or $7 Million today." Million shouldn't be capitalized.✅
 * 18) "Göring wasn't too concerned about the money, however, since he paid in counterfeit currency." Is the Bailey reference in the next sentence covering this statement as well? If not, add an inline citation. ✅(Removed sentence)
 * 19) "Several experts were wary of van Meegeren’s tale of the "Vermeer", so between July and September, 1945, in the presence of 6 witnesses; a Vermeer expert, a photographer and four police officers, van Meegeren painted his last forgery, Jesus among the Doctors." Reword to "Several experts were wary of van Meegeren’s tale of the "Vermeer", so between July and September 1945, in the presence of 6 witnesses (including a Vermeer expert, a photographer, and four police officers), van Meegeren painted his last forgery, Jesus among the Doctors."✅
 * 20) "Over a two year period," Add a hyphen between two year.✅
 * 21) "The urn will remain at the cemetery until at least 2008." Add an inline citation for this. Also, why until 2008, is it going to be moved somewhere else?✅ (removed the bit about the urn, it was in the original German without citation, but I couldn't verify, I did find a cite his burial place though)
 * 22) "When Coremans refused, van Beuningen sued him, alleging that Coremans’ wrongful branding of The Last Supper II diminished the value of his “Vermeer” and asking for compensation of £500,000 (about $1.3 Million or about $10 Million today.[3])" Million shouldn't be capitalized.✅
 * 23) "It is difficult to accurately describe the life of Han van Meegeren because, by definition, he led a conspiratorial life." This statement doesn't seem encyclopedic, but more an ending sentence in an article. Consider rewording, unless you think it should remain.✅ I've removed the sentence entirely.
 * 24) "His hero like status" Maybe reword, might be POV. If not, add a hyphen between hero and like.✅ changed to "new found popularity"
 * 25) "A Dutch opinion poll conducted in October of 1947 placed Han van Meegeren’s popularity second in the nation, behind only the Prime Minister's." Add wikilink for the Dutch Prime Minister.✅
 * 26) "Han van Meegeren remains one of the most ingenious art counterfeiters of the 20th century." If this sentence is going to use ingenious, then it is going to have to be immediately followed by an inline citation.✅
 * "So, in an amusing turn of events, not only have some “Vermeers” been forged by Han van Meegeren, some “van Meegerens” have actually been copied by a new generation of forgers." Add an inline citation for this.✅-removed, couldn't verify.

Most of the above suggestions are really easy to fix, and there are some requests for adding inline citations. Please fix the above issues within seven days and I'll pass the article. If you have any questions or when you are done, let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. --Nehrams2020 22:24, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

GA passed
I have passed this article according to the GA criteria. A few minor things that still need to be fixed: Other than this, the article looks great. Again, I'm sorry for failing the article the first time, as it turns out it was quite a mistake! Keep improving the article and make sure that all newly added information is properly sourced. If you have the time, please consider reviewing an article or two at GAC to help with the current drive to remove the backlog. Each new reviewer helps to cut down on the waiting time for nominations. Keep up the good work, the article was an interesting read! --Nehrams2020 04:46, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) "In 1907 Van Meegeren, compelled by his fathers demands", add an apostrophe for "father's"
 * 2) "75 Dutch gulden" For this I meant 75 guldens ; sorry, I wasn't clearer.

Van Meegeren owned no nightclubs
It is extremely unlikely that Van Meegeren "owned nightclubs" when he was arrested. Before the liberation of Holland there was a curfew where nobody was allowed in the streets between 10 at night (sometimes 8 o'clock) and 4 in the morning. And people were starving. What use of nightclubs? After the liberation nightclubs soon appeared but Van Meegeren was arrested within two weeks after the liberation. Moreover, Van Meegeren was extremely rich after all his forgeries, so why exploit a nightclub? The only explanation I can think of is that among the many houses Van Meegeren owned (he invested his capital in houses, stocks, diamonds, etc) one was used after a while as a nightclub. The refence to a nightclub is by Schueller: but this gentelman wrote a study about recognizing the fakesof Van Meegeren, he didn't make a study of the life of Van Meegeren. The other reference is by Godley who did excellent work when writing his biography. However he never met Van Meegeren personally, so a remark about a nightclub can easily have come to him by way of rumours. The remark on owning a nightcub shall thus been deleted I'll wait for an answer for some time, if none is coming I'll delete this passage.== --Primasz (talk) 09:31, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
 * You've made some good points. I don't have a problem with removing nightclubs statement.--DO11.10 (talk) 19:17, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

new information on Van Meegeren's arrest
I’ am the Dutch biographer of Van Meegeren, Frederik H. Kreuger. Recent research has shed new light on the arrest of Van Meegeren and subsequent events. I published the results in 2004 and 2006 in Dutch and recently in English in "A New Vermeer, Life and Work of Han van Meegeren", 2007, publisher uitgeverij@quantes.nl in Holland. I’ll try now to correct the details of Van Meegeren’s arrest in the article about Van Meegeren. As a newcomer to Wikipedia I tell this in order to show that I’ am not vandalizing the article but genuinely try to correct it.

If after a while the Wikipedia community has recognized the honesty of my intentions, I’ll have some more corrections to make, partly because I know the country and the language of Van Meegeren somewhat better, partly because I have found more new sources. Could an experienced Wikipedia-user reply to this entry or does Wikipedia not work in that way? Primasz 14:41, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * First off, I very much appreciate your approach here. I essentially translated this article from the German wiki-article, but based some passages on several English language sources. I was also the one who reverted your prior changes. Not because I thought you were vandalizing the article, but because you removed cited passages and citations and inserted some POV statements. Clearly you know a lot about the subject here, and I would welcome a discussion of changes. These cannot be based on original research, but since you have published the material it should be okay. Can you include the new information without removing current sources? Also, I have not read this book, and I cannot seem to find it anywhere based on the ISBN, I would love to read it though. It would be immensely helpful to me to know what kind of information you plan to include or exclude. Cheers from a fellow VM buff!--DO11.10 00:33, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reaction, for me as a newcomer to Wikipedia it is difficult to feel my way around. I would much appreciate to have a discussion with you via e-mail, there's a lot to discuss about the results of my research and the correct to enter these in the Wikipedia article. Please mail me at primasz@freeler.nl and we could start. Primasz 14:53, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

My book on Van Meegeren is called "A New Vermeer" after the article by the art-expert Bredius in 1937 where he announced Van Meegeren's fake Emmaus as the "finest Vermeer ever seen". It can be found at *www.quantes.nl: English Van Meegeren biography. Primasz 14:53, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

I also open tonight a website on Van Meegeren: www.vanmeegeren.com where I hope to find more people who want to share my interest in this "brillant rascal" as he was called by one of his friends. Primasz 14:53, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Further answer to DO10.11, I lately made a survey of the primary and secondary sources of the know-how contained in the books about Van Meegeren. I would like to send you this; at what e-mail address could I do that? (I didn't yet receive mail yet). Or could you mail me at primasz@freeler.nl? Primasz (talk) 11:27, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Bail
The article states that Van Meegeren "was released on bail" after which he continued to paint. However, "bail" does not exist in Holland, so the words "on bail" shall be omitted. I'll do that within a few days, unless anybody protests. Primasz (talk) 18:44, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

New insights
I just noticed a series of articles in de NYTimes about VanMeegeren: , and . It gives some new insights as, apparently, he adored hitler. I am not an art contributor, so I leave it to someone else to look into this. --VanBurenen (talk) 20:24, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

A contradictory report by a Dutch expert on the alleged dedication of Van Meegeren to Hitler:
(according to the cited interview of J. Lopez by E. Morris in New York Times)

The book Teekeningen 1 by Han van Meegeren (1942) is said to have been found by the journalist Jan Spierdijk, correspondent of the Dutch Communistic Journal De Waarheid (Waarheid is Dutch for Pravda). It would have been found in the completely bombed and burned down Chancellery of Hitler in Berlin. The dedication to Hitler was, according to Spierdijk, written on the fly-leaf of the book Teekeningen 1. The circumstances of this find have, however, never been cleared and have raised many questions.

The first publication of this find was in De Waarheid of 11th July 1945, called “Once the pride of Berlin, now a ruin”. The second publication was in De Waarheid of 6th November 1945 where an alleged photo-reproduction of the fly-leaf and cover of this book were added. The book itself, however, had vanished and was never seen again. It is thus impossible to have an impartial and critical judgment of this question.

An unknown hand-writing expert is quoted to have judged that the (detached) letters of the dedication were written by one and the same person who would have been Han van Meegeren. Van Meegeren denied that the dedication was by his hand. He told that about 150 copies of his book had been sold with his autograph on the fly-leaf and that any Nazi-friendly buyer could have added a dedication.

The “Ereraad voor de Kunsten” (Purging Council) who commanded the graphologic investigation has never pronounced a verdict against Van Meegeren. From the minutes of this Council it follows that no indications were found that Van Meegeren would have been politically incorrect. Moreover, a written report of the hand-writing expert is missing.

In the judicial process of Van Meegeren (on account of his forged paintings) a dedication to Hitler, or other possible political mistakes, were not mentioned. This follows from the text of the recently (2009) retrieved sentence, hearings of witnesses, reports of experts, etc. of this process (A.H. Huussen, Cahiers uit het Noorden XX, Zoetermeer, Holland 2009. A copy has been sent to the Library of Congress).

Or to quote an English source: Lord Kilbracken, the first biographer of Van Meegeren came already in 1967 to the conclusion that there was no truth in the allegation of a Führer-dedication by Han van Meegeren (Van Meegeren Masterforger, New York 1967, page 160).

Conclusion: from an uncertain dedication like this, no far-going conclusions may be drawn regarding the political views of Han van Meegeren. The arguments given by Lopez in the interview are biased and not well documented, but based on talk from hearsay.

Zoetermeer, Holland, 25th July 2009

Professor A. H. Huussen, historian

Emeritus professor University of Groningen

Consequence for Wikipedia
It is clear from the above that the section “Teekeningen 1 discovery” about an alleged Führer-dedication in the Van Meegeren article is highly controversial. This is not in accordance with the principles of Wikipedia. The section shall therefore, I’m afraid, be deleted.

What are the opinions of other Wikipedians?

Primasz (talk) 08:16, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

In the light of what happened in the Holocaust it is unfair to accuse anybody of Nazism, like done to Van Meegeren, or even suggest so. Older English investigations and recent investigations in Holland have shown that an accusation of a Führer-dedication by Van Meegeren is unfounded (see the discussion above). I shall therefore remove this section.

The section was not only unfair to Van Meegeren, but also to his grandchildren who still live in Europe and could see it as an affront, or even as libel. Wikipedia shall not be involved in a highly controversial case like this.--Primasz (talk) 09:33, 16 August 2009 (UTC) 16 August 2009

If so wanted by the officials of Wikipedia I'm willing to write a more neutral text about this Teekeningen 1. Please let me know. Primasz (talk) 09:42, 16 August 2009 (UTC)16 Aug 2009

Forgery of Vermeer's Jesus and the docters
Martinevans123 asks some questions in the edit changes. (it should have been more clear to ask them here)

Question: So by whom was the original. Answer: Jesus among the docters is painted by many painters, not by Vermeer. Van Meegeren painted it in the style of Vermeer. After all this is not a forgery, he never said Vermeer painted it. He painted it while other people looking. It's an original Van Meegeren. The earlier text under the picture is more correct. he demonstrated his forgery techniques. That is what the Tnunn-source says too. The other source says: he would paint another Vermeer, but that should be read as in style of Vermeer. Salix2 (talk) 14:44, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. That caption could be restored. (Although it is quite a long caption, don't you think, especially for a lead image?) I was trying to include the significant fact that it was meant to look like a Vermeer. A single image of van Meegeren alone might be better - or is this seen a career defining moment? Obviously it was his intention to produce a "fake Vermeer", even with observers who had instructed him to do just that. I think it is a grey area as to when a "fake" really becomes a fake. We can't definitely say that Vermeer never painted a Jesus Among the Doctors - it is simply a fact that one has never yet been found or documented - this might indeed be a fact that van Meegeren could rely on to produce his "fake"? So perhaps somewhat of a paradox. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:19, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You can restore the caption or write: Han van Meegeren in 1945, painting Jesus among the Doctors, his last painting in Vermeer style. (The text of the trial is in the article.)
 * Under see also I added another Dutch forger. He still lives and paints. He works in the style of several artists, but writes copied after ...(name of original painter) or words like that, and signs with his own name. Salix2 (talk) 22:05, 9 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Ok. Fascinating. I would perhaps call him "a copyist" rather than "a forger". Many thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 22:16, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Biopic
Someone should note on the page the film about the man: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Real_Vermeer

His "Vermeers"
Did he ever claim any of these paintings were actually Vermeer or did the buyers simply assume they were based on the style of the paintings? Does that make him a forger or the original artist? Valgrus Thunderaxe (talk) 05:01, 8 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Han van Meegeren


text:
Talk:Holly Lodge Estate

Pevsner
... is wrong. The current central road - Hillway - is totally new. The orignal entrance to the House is now named Robin Grove and is to the west of Hillway and still extant. One section of Hillway - roughly between Makepeace Avenue and Langbourne Avenue - was part of the enclosed passage from Highgate to Swains Lane which ran through the original estate at one point, but not of a road (other than an estate workers track). The Open House article referenced, btw, is not a copyvio in either direction. --Vamp:Willow 10:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Copyrighted material
I had tagged this as a copyvio but found discussion here and here afterwards. Judging from the following this article is not a copyvio:
 * Hi. The reference is me (as it happens) as I've been researching the estate for nearly the 19 years since I moved here ... and Pevsner is wrong (see article talk page). --Vamp:Willow 10:48, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Hopefully the editor will leave a note here licensing the text for use in Wikipedia. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 20:53, 7 September 2005 (UTC)
 * er ... refer to the earlier entry above declaring the there is no copyvio in either dircetion! --Vamp:Willow 12:09, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Holly Lodge Estate


text:
Charles Henderson (historian)

Charles Gordon Henderson (11 July 1900 – 24 September 1933) was a Cornish historian and antiquarian.

Biography
His father, Major J. S. Henderson, was half Scottish and half of the Irish family of Newenham: his mother was a Carus-Wilson from Westmorland. Both, however, were born and bred in Cornwall, and a portion of Cornish ancestry came to him through his mother's mother, one of the Willyamses of Carnanton in Mawgan-in-Pydar.

He was at Wellington College for a short time but left on account of ill-health. For this reason he was frequently sent home from school for rest, and spent a large amount of his time walking over Cornwall and studying Cornish monuments and history. He collected a large number of documents from all over the county.

Henderson went to New College, Oxford and took his degree with first-class honours in modern history in 1922. He was a lecturer at University College, Exeter, and afterwards at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was elected to an official fellowship as tutor in modern history in 1929. He had settled down at Oxford, and was showing great promise as a teacher and lecturer.

In 1928 Henderson published a book on Cornish bridges in collaboration with Henry Coates. Whenever he was able he would return to Cornwall and continue his historical research which in the early years was concerned very largely with the four western hundreds (Penwith, Kerrier, Pydar and Powder) but finally he planned a parochial history of the whole county on a grand scale.

Married life and death
On 19 June 1933, he married (Mary) Isobel Munro, a fellow of Somerville College and daughter of J. A. R. Munro, the Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford; at the end of August, he set out with her for southern Italy. He had been troubled for some months with pains in his chest and they attacked him severely at Monte Sant'Angelo on the Gargano, where he was visiting the shrine of the Cornish patron St Michael. He died in Rome eleven days later, on 24 September, of heart-failure following pleurisy.

He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome, between the Porta San Paolo and Monte Testaccio, a place that he knew well: also in that cemetery are the graves of Keats, Shelley and Edward John Trelawny.

Scholarly work
Henderson's publications included Cornwall; A Guide in collaboration with J. C. Tregarthen, in 1925; three books on Cornish churches; and another on Cornish coasts, moors, and valleys with notes on antiquities. In 1928 he was made a Bard of the Cornish Gorseth at Boscawen-Un, taking the bardic name Map Hendra ('Son of Antiquity'). His collection of documents is held at the Courtney Library of the Royal Institution of Cornwall in Truro. The collection includes 16,000 ancient documents, many hundreds of transcripts in Henderson's hand, and his own writings either in published form or in manuscript.

After completing his book on Cornish bridges, Henderson prepared notes for a similar book on the bridges of Devon. After his death the civil engineer Edwyn Jervoise completed the book and it was published in 1938.

Selected works

 * The Cornish Church Guide (only in part by Henderson) 1925 ISBN 0-85153-052-4 (on GoogleBooks)
 * (co-authored with Henry Coates)
 * Records of the Church and Priory of St. Germans in Cornwall; with a preface by the Rt Rev the Lord Bishop of Truro. 1929
 * Cornwall: a Survey of its Coast, Moors, and Valleys 1930
 * St. Columb Major Church & Parish 1930
 * Mabe Church and Parish, Cornwall 1931
 * Essays in Cornish History edited by A. L. Rowse and M. I. Henderson (his wife) 1935 – Contents include: essays on Truro, the origin of towns, Fowey, Lostwithiel, Restormel Castle, Mitchell, Luxulyan, Helston, St Ives, the Deanery of Buryan, the Hundreds of Pydar and Powder, Twelve Men's Moor, Black-more, woodlands, and shorter pieces
 * Some Notes on the Parish of Goran, otherwise St. Goronus 1936
 * A History of the Parish of Constantine in Cornwall; edited by the Rev G. H. Doble. 1937
 * A History of the Parish and Church of Saint Euny-Lelant with Gilbert Hunter Doble and R. Morton Nance, and a description of the Church by M. H. N. C. Atchley. 1939
 * A History of the Parish of Crowan ... with explanations of place-names by R. Morton Nance, 1939
 * (completed by Edwyn Jervoise after Henderson's death)
 * The 109 Ancient Parishes of the Four Western Hundreds of Cornwall 1955 (in Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall)
 * The Ecclesiastical History of Western Cornwall. 2 vols Truro: Royal Institution of Cornwall; D. Bradford Barton, 1962
 * The Cornish Church Guide and Parochial History of Cornwall. Truro: D. Bradford Barton, 1964 (a reissue of the Parochial history section only from The Cornish Church Guide, to which illustrations are added)

Cornish saints

 * Cornish Saints; with Gilbert Hunter Doble 1927
 * Four Saints of the Fal: St Gluvias, St. Kea, St. Fili, St Rumon 1929
 * Saint Carantoc 1928
 * Saint Clether 1930
 * Saint Cuby 1929
 * Saint Day 1933
 * Saint Euny 1933
 * Saint Gerent, Gerendus, Gerens 1938
 * Saint Gudwal or Gurval 1933
 * Saint Mawgan 1936
 * Saint Melor 1927
 * Saint Nectan, S. Keyne and the Children of Brychan in Cornwall 1930
 * Saint Neot 1929
 * Saint Nonna 1928
 * Saint Perran, Saint Keverne, & Saint Kerrian 1931
 * Saint Petrock 1938
 * Saint Rumon and Saint Ronan 1939
 * Saint Selevan 1928
 * Saint Senan 1928
 * Saint Sezni 1928
 * Saint Tudy 1929
 * Saint Winnoc 1940
 * St. Constantine, King and Monk, and St Mervyn 1930

title: Charles Henderson (historian)


text:
Hayle Kimbro Pool

Hayle Kimbro Pool (Cornish: Hal Kembro, meaning "Welshman's marsh") is a wetland on The Lizard, Cornwall. It is situated two miles (3 km) southeast of Mullion immediately northeast of Predannack airfield at.

The wetland site consists of three shallow ponds with a combined winter surface area of 23,000 square metres. It forms part of the West Lizard Site of Special Scientific Interest.

The aquatic plant communities at the site are typified by Common Spike-rush, Common Cottongrass, Water Mint and Marsh Pennywort.

Hayle Kimbro Pool hosted Britain's first Scarlet Dragonfly in 1995 and was also the first site at which breeding evidence for the Lesser Emperor was detected, in 1999

title: Hayle Kimbro Pool


text: Category:Hong Kong educators

title: Category:Hong Kong educators


text:
Sam Fox

Sam Fox (born May 9, 1929) is an American businessman in St. Louis, and the owner of Harbour Group Industries. He was the United States Ambassador to Belgium from April 11, 2007 until January 2, 2009. President George W. Bush appointed Fox to the post by a recess appointment on April 4, 2007.

Early life
Fox was born in Desloge, Missouri to Ukrainian Jewish immigrant Michel Fuks (later Max Fox), and Fanny Gold. Encouraged by an older sister to go to college, he saved money by working summers in Illinois canning peas and corn. He also sold Fuller brushes. After moving in with the sister and her husband in St. Louis, he enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis, where he joined Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity. He graduated with a B.S.B.A. (Bachelor of Science, Business Administration) with honors in business in 1951. During the Korean War, he served in the United States Naval Reserve.

Career
In 1976, Fox founded the Harbour Group, an operating company that builds and acquires businesses where he served as chairman and CEO until 2007 when he left to be the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium. Upon his return to the United States in 2009, he resumed his role as chairman. Since its inception, Harbour Group has built and acquired more than 176 companies in 37 industries.

Civic participation and philanthropy
For more than 40 years, Fox has been active in St. Louis civic affairs. He served two terms as chairman and one as president of the St. Louis Areas Council Boy Scouts of America; is former president of the board of commissioners of the Saint Louis Art Museum; and is a lifetime member of the Art Museum's board of trustees. In 2003 he also served as chair of the $63 million capital campaign of the United Way of Greater St. Louis. From 1998 to 2004 he served as chairman of a $1.5 billion capital campaign for his alma mater, Washington University in St. Louis, and from 1999 to 2001 he served as vice chairman of the board of trustees. In 2004 the university's board of trustees elected him a lifetime voting trustee. He serves or has served on the boards of the Barnes-Jewish Hospital, the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, the Saint Louis Science Center, the Saint Louis Zoo, the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, the Arts and Education Council of St. Louis, the St. Louis Muny Opera, and Forest Park Forever. In 2003 he was named St. Louis Citizen of the Year by the Post-Dispatch and a committee of the award's former recipients.

Outside of St.Louis, Fox serves on the boards of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, based in Alexandria, Virginia; the King Baudouin Foundation United States, a New York-based nonprofit that helps U.S. donors achieve their philanthropic goals in Europe and Africa; and The Washington Center, the largest independent, nonprofit academic internship program in the United States. In addition, through the Fox Family Foundation, a private philanthropy he and his wife established in 1986, Fox has provided financial assistance to hundreds of charitable organizations in St. Louis and around the world.

Fox has also received numerous other honors and awards, including the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship, the Marco Polo Award from the People's Republic of China, the Thomas Jefferson Award from the Missouri Historical Society, and the Sword of Ignatius Loyola Award from Saint Louis University. In 2004, Washington University dedicated its new Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, and also awarded him with an honorary doctorate of laws degree. Saint Louis University awarded Fox an honorary doctorate of public service in 2000.

Political participation
A major donor to the Republican Party, Fox was a Bush Pioneer in 2000 and a "Ranger" in 2004, categories for donors who recruit others to donate. On October 15, 2004, Fox donated $50,000 to Swift Boat Veterans For Truth ("SBVT"), a 527 group that opposed John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election by claiming that Kerry exaggerated his service record. The SBVT has, in turn, been criticized for allegedly failing to substantiate many of their claims. Fox noted that he made the donation after comparisons of President Bush to Adolf Hitler were posted on the website MoveOn.org. (See Ambassadorial nomination section below.)

In later elections, Fox supported the presidential candidacy of Mitt Romney and remained one of the most prominent Jewish donors to the Republican party. Fox is a past chairman of the Republican Jewish Coalition. President George W. Bush appointed Sam and Marilyn Fox to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel in May 2008.

Fox was an early supporter of Josh Hawley and contributed to his campaign for Missouri Attorney General. He encouraged Hawley to run for US Senate against incumbent Claire McCaskill. After Hawley's support of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Fox released a statement describing Hawley's actions as "reckless pandering" and a "disgrace." In the statement Fox said that his support for Hawley was a mistake and that he would not support the senator again.

Ambassadorial nomination
Fox was nominated for the position of Ambassador to Belgium in December 2006. During his February 2007 hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Fox was supported by both of Missouri's senators, Republican Kit Bond and Democrat Claire McCaskill, as well as by two former U.S. Senators from Missouri, John C. Danforth (Rep.) and Thomas F. Eagleton (Dem.). Danforth described him as "very bright...ebullient...(and) a soft touch," while Eagleton, in a letter, called him "the epitome of a humanitarian." Fox faced lengthy questioning from John Kerry, the target of attacks by Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, a group to which Fox contributed in 2004. Kerry told Fox that he represented "the quintessential American Horatio Alger story" and that his experience was "impressive... (and) a lot more than some people bring to this table."

Kerry interrogated Fox for approximately 35 minutes, however, beginning with 20 minutes of questioning directly pertinent to the ambassadorial position for which Fox was nominated, such as the tensions over the U.S. Terrorist Finance Tracking Program which accessed transaction databases of the SWIFT network. Kerry continued with a series of questions related to Fox's financial support of SBVT, a 527 organization which had criticized Kerry's military record during the 2004 campaign. In response to the question from Kerry, "I assume that you believe the truth in public life is important," Fox answered, "Yes, sir." Kerry then followed with, "And might I ask you what your opinion is with respect to the state of American politics, as regards the politics of personal destruction?" to which Fox replied "I'm against 527s, I've always been against 527s....Senator Kerry, I very much respect your dedicated service to this country... Senator, you're a hero." In response to follow up questions from Kerry, Fox said he had given to the 527 that attacked him because "when we're asked we generally give." For example, he said, in the most recent two-year period, he had made more than 1,000 contributions, of which more than 100 were political. He did not express regret for his contribution to SBVT. He noted that 527s supporting both candidates in the electorate had made "mean and destructive" claims, and that a video posted on the MoveOn.com website has compared the President to Hitler. He said that as long as one side was making such claims, "politically it's necessary."

Recess Appointment
On April 4, 2007, while the Senate was in recess, Bush used his power of recess appointment to appoint Fox to the position. This made Fox ambassador until the end of the next session of Congress, and effectively made him ambassador for the remainder of the Bush presidency.

Senate / Democratic Reaction
Several Democratic Senators criticized Bush's decision to make a recess appointment when the nomination was no longer pending before Congress. They also argued that this use of the recess appointment power was illegal because of statutory restrictions applicable to ambassadorships.

Three Democratic senators wrote a letter to the Government Accountability Office on April 5, 2007, calling for an investigation of whether President Bush's appointment of Sam Fox as U.S. ambassador to Belgium the previous day was legal. The letter, submitted by Democrats Chris Dodd of Connecticut, John Kerry of Massachusetts and Robert Casey of Pennsylvania, read: "We view the recess appointment of Mr. Fox as a clear abuse of the President's recess appointment power." Dodd argued that the law that enables the president to make recess appointments was not created to get around the approval of the Senate. "This is really now taking the recess appointment vehicle and abusing this beyond anyone's imagination," Dodd said, according to AP. "This is a travesty." He said in a statement that what the President did was "deceptive at best and illegal at worst."

Administration / Republican Reaction
The GAO, however, responded with an eight-page letter dated June 8, 2007, that the appointment had been legal. Indeed, the letter said "an alternative interpretation that would preclude Mr. Fox from serving in a recess appointment would raise serious constitutional questions."

Service as Ambassador
Fox served as Ambassador from April 2007 to January 2009. In December 2009, the U.S. Department of State's Office Inspector General filed its official report on his tenure. The report noted that Fox had "come to his job with significant and relevant executive leadership in the private sector." It continued:

"By all accounts, he used his business acumen and experience to excellent effect, notably in two areas. The first was in building important relationships with both the Belgian and American business communities, and with senior Belgian Government officials charged with financial and trade matters. The second was his active and visible outreach to the Belgian community to improve the image and standing of the United States at a time when both were suffering as a result of Belgian misgivings about U.S. policies, such as the Iraq war. His efforts in both areas were judged highly successful."

The report gave Fox particularly high marks for "shepherding to production a 20-minute film that highlights the closeness of Belgian-U.S. ties from the early 19th century. The film continues to play well to Belgian audiences and has been employed effectively to counter anti-American sentiment."

In 2012, three years after his term as Ambassador had ended, Fox's contributions were recognized with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, bestowed by King Albert II.

title: Sam Fox


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Grotto of the Dancing Deer

"Grotto of the Dancing Deer" is a science fiction short story by American writer Clifford D. Simak, one of his last short works. It won the 1980 Nebula Award for Best Short Story and the 1981 Hugo Award for Best Short Story and Locus Award for Best Short Story. The story involves an archaeologist discovering a comical, ancient cave-painting and then meeting with its original painter, an immortal still living nearby.

title: Grotto of the Dancing Deer


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Tribune (architecture)

Tribune is an ambiguous – and often misused – architectural term, which can have several meanings. Today, it most often refers to a dais or stage-like platform or, in a vaguer sense, any place from which a speech can be prominently made.

Etymology
The English term tribune ("raised platform") was derived as early as 1762 from French (tribune) and Italian (tribuna) words. These in turn stemmed from Medieval Latin tribuna and from Classical Latin tribunal, the elevated placing of a tribune's (or other Roman magistrate's) seat for official functions in the manner of a throne.

Meanings

 * In ancient Rome, the term was used of a semicircular apse in a Roman basilica, with a raised platform, where a presiding magistrate (a tribune, or others) sat in an official chair. Subsequently, it applied generally to any raised structure from which speeches were delivered, including makeshift wooden structures in the Roman Forum and even the private box of the emperor at the Circus Maximus.
 * In Medieval, and later, ecclesiastical architecture, the term applies to an area within a vaulted or semi-domed apse in a room or church. In this sense a tribune may contain a high altar or bishop's seat (cathedra). These features were particularly common in Roman and Byzantine church architecture. In these Christian basilicas the term is often retained for the semicircular recess behind the choir, as at San Clemente in Rome, Sant'Apollinare in Classe in Ravenna, San Zeno at Verona, or San Miniato near Florence. A secular example is its use for the celebrated octagon room of the Uffizi Palace at Florence.
 * The sense of the term is sometimes extended to any gallery, balcony, or triforium. (Nikolaus Pevsner, in his book series The Buildings of England (1951–74), is at pains to point out that a tribune and a triforium, while often confused, are not the same thing.) In a church, it may refer to an open arcade overlooking the nave of a church – or indeed any large hall – often situated below a clerestory.
 * The term is also loosely applied to various other raised spaces in secular or ecclesiastical buildings – in the latter sometimes in the place of pulpit, as in the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs at Paris. Thus,"tribune" can refer to a dais or stage-like platform,  or in a vaguer sense any place in a building from which a speech can be prominently made, which seems a return to the original function of the early Roman tribunal. This is the origin of the common metaphorical use of "tribune" in the names of newspapers, magazines and broadcast news programs.

title: Tribune (architecture)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pre-Columbian African presence in the Americas

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merrge and redirect to Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Dmcdevit·t 03:49, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

Pre-Columbian African presence in the Americas
The idea that New World civilizations were not of indigenous origin is very dubious. A well-written NPOV article which deals with these theories would be OK, but this isn't it. Afrocentrism is as dubious as Eurocentrism, and can also be a form of US cultural imperialism. PatGallacher 10:46, 2005 July 24 (UTC)
 * Keep and improve. Also it would be common courtesy to notify the creator.  -- Visviva 13:07, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. I added what I could. Should be refected in Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact.  Thoughts? --Tony Hecht 13:56, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact, which already mentions Africa. Peter Grey 17:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Revolución 17:27, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact, or failing that, Keep. This is the second time today I will ask, what is this doing at VfD? CanadianCaesar 20:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Not yet deserving of its own article. --Wikiacc (talk) 02:42, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. Failing that, redirect to Pseudoscience. Kaibabsquirrel 05:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact, or failing that, Delete. --Angr/undefined 05:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Not encyclopedic enough on its own. JamesBurns 06:31, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. Xaa 22:19, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Karl Geary

Karl John Geary (born 31 May 1972) is an Irish-born American actor and author.

Early life
Geary was born in Dublin. In 1987, at the age of 15, he moved to the United States; he later obtained a green card in a visa lottery for undocumented Irish immigrants, and ultimately became a naturalized citizen.

Career
Geary appeared in Madonna's Sex book. His acting roles include Sex and the City, Hysteria – The Def Leppard Story, and Hamlet (2000). He wrote and appeared in Coney Island Baby (2003). He appeared as Coffey in the 2008 horror film The Burrowers. He owns a bar in downtown Manhattan called the Scratcher, and previously co-owned another club, the original tiny Cafe Sin-é on St. Mark's Place in the East Village, where he waited on tables alongside Jeff Buckley.

Personal life
Geary has seven siblings. In 2003, he married Scottish actress Laura Fraser. They have one daughter, Lila, and live in Glasgow, Scotland. Geary also has a son, Billy from a previous relationship.

Publications

 * Montpelier Parade 2017 ISBN 1-9112-1545-0
 * Juno loves Legs 2023 ISBN 9781787303102

title: Karl Geary


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Differential-linear attack

Introduced by Martin Hellman and Susan K. Langford in 1994, the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis.

The attack utilises a differential characteristic over part of the cipher with a probability of 1 (for a few rounds—this probability would be much lower for the whole cipher). The rounds immediately following the differential characteristic have a linear approximation defined, and we expect that for each chosen plaintext pair, the probability of the linear approximation holding for one chosen plaintext but not the other will be lower for the correct key. Hellman and Langford have shown that this attack can recover 10 key bits of an 8-round DES with only 512 chosen plaintexts and an 80% chance of success.

The attack was generalised by Eli Biham et al. to use differential characteristics with probability less than 1. Besides DES, it has been applied to FEAL, IDEA, Serpent, Camellia, and even the stream cipher Phelix.

title: Differential-linear attack


text:
File:LeSamourai.jpg

Fair use in Le Samouraï
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:LeSamourai.jpg


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Even the Queen

"Even the Queen" is a science fiction short story by Connie Willis, exploring the long-term cultural effects of scientific control of menstruation. It was originally published in 1992 in Asimov's Science Fiction, and appears in Willis' short-story collection Impossible Things (1994) and The Best of Connie Willis (2013), as well as in the audio-book Even the Queen and Other Short Stories (1996).

Synopsis
Three generations of women discuss the decision of one of their daughters to join the "Cyclists", a group of traditionalist women who have chosen to menstruate even though scientific breakthroughs (in particular, a substance called "ammenerol") have made this unnecessary. The title refers to the fact that "even the Queen" (of the United Kingdom) menstruated.

Reception
"Even the Queen" won the 1993 Hugo Award for Best Short Story. It also won the 1993 Nebula Award for Best Short Story. Nalo Hopkinson called it "hilarious and contrary". Laura Quilter, conversely, felt that it was "more of a diatribe against" feminism, with its humor being largely "its rather mean-spirited depiction of various strains of feminism"; Quilter subsequently specified that although the story "had some truthfulness & consequently some honest humor", she found it to be "hugely over-rated".

The Village Voice considers it "light-hearted" and "a comedy of identity politics and mother-daughter relations", while Billboard, reviewing the audiobook, describes it as a "sly jab at both feminists and anti-feminists."

title: Even the Queen


text:
Jan Bytnar

Jan Roman Bytnar, nom de guerre "Rudy" (Ginger) (born 6 May 1921, Kolbuszowa, Poland – died 30 March 1943, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster, a member of Polish scouting anti-Nazi resistance, and a lieutenant in the Home Army during the Second World War.

Biography
He was the son of Stanisław Bytnar, a teacher and soldier in the Polish Legions in World War I, and Zdzisława Rechulówna. He attended elementary school in Piastów. In 1931 he was accepted to the Stefan Batory Gymnasium in Warsaw, where the Bytnar family moved in the same year. They lived in the Mokotów district.

In 1934, at the age of 13, he joined the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. In 1938 he attained the highest non-instructor rank, "Scout of the Republic". Shortly before, in 1937, he began attending a lyceum; he graduated in May 1939.

World War II
After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Bytnar lived in occupied Warsaw and worked as a glazier and school tutor. In October 1939, together with a group of friends, he joined the short lived left wing Polish People's Independent Action (Polska Ludowa Akcja Niepodległościowa, PLAN), a resistance group. As its member he composed and distributed pamphlets in response to the formation of the General Government by the Nazis. However, the organization was soon infiltrated by the Gestapo and broken up by January 1940. Bytnar left Warsaw and lived with his grandparents in Kolbuszowa in south-eastern Poland, where he also became involved in anti-Nazi resistance. Sometime early in 1940 he joined the Union of Armed Struggle, a precursor organization of the Home Army. In March 1941 he became a member of the Gray Ranks, a paramilitary underground scouting organization which carried out sabotage and diversion against the Germans. In particular, Bytnar and his cell focused on so-called "small sabotage" as part of the Wawer Group.

Arrest, death, and reprisal
He was arrested by the Nazis on 23 March 1943 and rescued three days later by a combat group of the Gray Ranks during the Operation Arsenal on 26 March. He died on 30 March, at the age of 21, from injuries sustained during the interrogation carried out by the Gestapo while in captivity.

The extremely brutal torture of Bytnar was conducted by SS Rottenführer Ewald Lange and SS Obersturmführer Herbert Schultz. Both were later assassinated by the Gray Ranks. Schultz was shot dead on 6 May 1943 by Sławomir Maciej Bittner (aka "Maciek") and Eugeniusz Kecher (aka "Kołczan"). Lange was shot dead on 22 May 1943 by Jerzy Zapadko (aka "Dzik").

On 4 April 1946, his close friend and fellow Szare Szeregi member who died on the same day during the war, Maciej Dawidowski (aka Alek), was buried in a common grave alongside Bytnar at the Powązki Military Cemetery.

In literature and culture
Bytnar is the main character in Stones for the Rampart, considered a classic of Polish literature for teenagers and young adults, by Aleksander Kamiński and Rudy, Alek, Zośka by.

He is portrayed by Cezary Morawski in Jan Łomnicki's 1977 historical film Akcja pod Arsenałem telling the story behind Operation Arsenal.

In a 2010 documentary film Oni szli Szarymi Szeregami directed by Mariusz Malec, the character of Bytnar is played by Bartłomiej Firlet.

He served as inspiration for Dawid Podsiadło's 2014 single 4:30, the title of which alludes to the time when Bytnar was captured and arrested by Gestapo on 23 March 1943. The song appears in Robert Gliński's 2014 war drama Stones for the Rampart, a film adaptation of Kamiński's book of the same title, in which the role of Bytnar is played by Tomasz Ziętek.

Remembrance and recognition
In 1943, he was awarded the Cross of Valour for having demonstrated deeds of valour and courage in wartime. In 2009, he was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by the President of Poland.

A commemorative plaque was unveiled on Bytnar's birth house on ul. Nowe Miasto in Kolbuszowa. In 1980, a second plaque was unveiled at the entrance to the tenement house al. Niepodległości 159 in Warsaw where he used to live and where he got arrested.

Streets bearing his name are located in Warsaw, Opole and Kolbuszowa. He is also a patron of 150 Polish scout teams as well as many schools across Poland.

title: Jan Bytnar


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The Best of Sixteen Volt

The Best of Sixteen Volt  is a compilation album by 16volt, released on May 10, 2005 by Cleopatra Records. It comprises songs from the band's first four releases as selected by fans through the band's website. Disc two was recorded live in 2003 at the Cabaret Metro, Chicago.

Reception
Stewart Mason of AllMusic gave The Best of Sixteen Volt: 1993-2003 two and a half out of five stars and the album "only for the most die-hard genre purists; the addition of an 11-track live set recorded at Chicago's Cabaret Metro in 2003 might entice hardcore fans who already have the songs on disc one, which makes its muddy sound (Powell's vocals are largely inaudible, and not in the way that vocals are usually buried in the mix in this style of music) and sloppy performances something of an insult."

Personnel
Adapted from The Best of Sixteen Volt liner notes.

16volt
 * Joel Bornzin – acoustic drums (1, 3)
 * John "Servo" DeSalvo – drums
 * Jon Fell – additional guitars (2)
 * Marc LaCorte – guitars (10)
 * Eric Powell – lead vocals, guitars, programming, production, recording, mixing
 * Mike Peoples – bass guitar, guitars
 * Jeff Taylor – guitars (5, 6, 7)
 * William Tucker – guitars (10)
 * Von Vinhasa – acoustic drums (6, 7)

Additional performers
 * Bryan Barton – sampler (10)
 * A.P. Boone – sampler (1)
 * Dan Pred – acoustic drums (9)
 * Stella – vocals (8)
 * Chris Thomas – guitars (1, 3)
 * Kraig Tyler – guitars
 * Chris Vrenna – live drums (Tracks 12, 13, 14, 15)
 * Clint Walsh – stage guitars

Production and design
 * Keith Auerbach – recording, mixing
 * Bill Kennedy – recording, mixing
 * Tony Lash – recording, mixing
 * Jeff "Critter" Newell – recording, mixing
 * Dave Ogilvie – recording, mixing

title: The Best of Sixteen Volt


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Colourscape

Colourscapes are large air-supported colour sculptures where Color is used to make an active space, to make a double-edged space beyond measurement. Visitors to Colourscapes, wearing coloured cloaks, choose the journey they make through the interconnected chambers, becoming part of the sculpture, as the colour they wear changes as they move, dynamically altering the space that others see. Inside Colourscape, people are entirely surrounded by colour, which is transmitted from the inner surfaces as daylight filters through the plastic membrane from which Colourscape is made. This immersion in colour is an intense experience giving rise to interesting perceptual phenomena and emotional richness.

The first Colourscape was made in 1971 by Peter Jones, and since 1978 Lynne Dickens has collaborated with him. While experimenting with various methods of displaying the structures, their partnership (Cwmni Colourscape) has created more intricate and substantial Colourscapes. From 1977 on, they worked with musicians, dancers, and singers to explore the connection between color, sound, and movement. 36 distinct Colorscapes have been created and displayed since 1971 in the UK, Ireland, Australia, Germany, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Belgium, Switzerland, and Finland, among other countries.

Colourscapes are hand-tailored from flexible vinyl sheet. They are part welded, using high frequency machines and part hand made, using liquid and other glues.

The largest Colourscape (Festival 1) was made in 1994/1995, as a commission from the Nettlefold Trust (later becoming EyeMusic Trust), by the directors Simon Desorgher and Lawrence Casserley. Previous to this, since 1989 Colourscapes had been used once a year by the Nettlefold Festival as a venue for performance, and from 1995 the Colourscape Music Festival was born and continues on Clapham Common and other places. The collaboration between Cwmni Colourscape and EyeMusic has also led to other commissions. The smallest Colourscapes are specifically created for schools workshops. In 2011, there are 6 Colourscapes in existence.

Over the years, Colourscapes have been visited by thousands of people and Cwmni Colourscape now has a `social document` of visitors comments showing a shifting awareness of colour over the years. The belief that colour is powerful, capable of changing perception, stimulating creativity and that it is important to give people a harmonious and beautiful experience remains at the heart of Colourscapes` existence. Also, the form of Colourscapes made it possible to have an installation in public places that is accessible to many.

title: Colourscape


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One Love Peace Concert

The One Love Concert (OLPC) was a large concert held on 22 April 1978 at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica.

This concert was held during a political civil war in Jamaica between opposing parties Jamaican Labour Party and the People's National Party. The concert came to its peak during Bob Marley & The Wailers' performance of "Jamming", when Marley joined the hands of political rivals Michael Manley (PNP) and Edward Seaga (JLP).

Background
After he was elected Prime Minister of Jamaica in 1972, Michael Manley pursued a socialist agenda intended to redistribute wealth by nationalizing the country's major export industries. His agenda proved to be financially unsustainable, as his policies deterred foreign investment in Jamaica. Manley was also aggressively opposed by the CIA and American business interests, as had happened to similar reformist governments in Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, and multiple other countries throughout the Americas. Beginning in 1974, he was also opposed by the more conservative Edward Seaga of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), and the two politicians hired local gangsters to help them increase their hold on power.

Ironically, the idea for the One Love Peace Concert came from two such gangsters from rival political factions, who happened to be locked up in the same jail cell together and who both wanted to alleviate the violence. Claudius 'Claudie' Massop (JLP) and Aston 'Bucky' Marshall (PNP) decided that the best means to bring the country together was to use music as a uniting factor and organize a major concert. Quickly realizing that Bob Marley, living in exile in London, was a critical element upon which their success depended, Massop flew to London after being released from jail to convince Marley to perform at the event. Marley accepted the invitation, and the concert was Marley's first performance in Jamaica since the "Smile Jamaica" concert held days after he was shot in 1976.

Concert
The One Love Peace Concert brought together 16 of Reggae's biggest acts, and was dubbed by the media as the "Third World Woodstock", "Bob Marley plays for Peace" and simply, "Bob Marley Is Back." The concert attracted more than 32,000 spectators with the proceeds of the show going towards "much needed sanitary facilities and housing for the sufferahs in West Kingston." The concert was kicked off at exactly 5:00 PM with a message from Asfa Wossen, the crown prince of Ethiopia, praising the concert organizers’ efforts to restore peace in Jamaica. This introduction to the event is important in illustrating the growing prevalence of the Rastafari movement in everyday Jamaican culture. The concert was divided into two halves, with the first half devoted to showcasing some of Reggae's newer talent, and the second half devoted to the more established artists.

Jacob Miller energetically launched the second half of the concert, during which time Edward Seaga and Michael Manley got to their seats. The highlight of Miller's performance came when he "leaped onto the field with lighted spliff herb and offered it to a police man, donned the lawman’s helmet, jumped back onto the stage and continued the number as he paraded the herb." Alternatively, Peter Tosh took the opportunity during his performance to berate the two political leaders sitting directly in front of him for their positions against legalizing marijuana. His set lasted 66 minutes, and Tosh spent almost half of that time denouncing the problems prevalent in society. At around 12:30 AM, Bob Marley took the stage to perform some of his biggest hits. The climax came during his performance of Jammin’ when he called both Manley and Seaga to the stage, and in a symbolic gesture, the three held up their hands together to signify their unity.

Bob Marley said the following as he called the two politicians onstage, and while he held their hands above his head and said while improvising on "Jammin'": Just let me tell you something (yeah), to make everything come true, we gotta be together. (Yeah, yeah, yeah) and through the spirit of the Most High, His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie I, we're inviting a few leading people of the slaves to shake hands...To show the people that you love them right, to show the people that you gonna unite, show the people that you're over bright, show the people that everything is all right. Watch, watch, watch, what you're doing, because I wanna send a message right out there. I mean, I'm not so good at talking but I hope you understand what I'm trying to say. Well, I'm trying to say, could we have, could we have, up here onstage here the presence of Mr. Michael Manley and Mr. Edward Seaga. I just want to shake hands and show the people that we're gonna make it right, we're gonna unite, we're gonna make it right, we've got to unite. The moon is right over my head, and I give my love instead. The moon was right above my head, and I give my love instead.

Impact
Unfortunately, the event did little to quell the political violence. The event's two organizers, Claude Massop and Bucky Marshall were both killed within two years after the concert. The following election year in 1980 would see 889 reported murders in Jamaica, over 500 more than the previous year.

Performances

 * The Meditations
 * "Life Is Not Easy"
 * "Woman Is Like A Shadow"
 * Althea and Donna
 * "Uptown Top Ranking"
 * Dillinger
 * "Teeth And Tongue"
 * "The War Is Over"
 * "Eastman Skank"
 * The Mighty Diamonds
 * "Keep On Moving"
 * "There's No Me Without You"
 * "I Need A Roof"
 * Junior Tucker
 * "Happy"
 * "Mrs Melody"
 * Culture
 * "Natty Never Get Weary"
 * "Natty Dread Taking Over"
 * "Stop This Fussing & Fighting"
 * Dennis Brown
 * "Children of Israel"
 * "Love Me Always"
 * "Milk & Honey"
 * "Whip Them Jah"
 * "How Could I Leave"
 * Trinity
 * "Who Say They A Gone"
 * "Already"
 * "Yabby You Sound"
 * Leroy Smart
 * "Ballistic Affair"
 * Jacob Miller and Inner Circle
 * "Forward Jah Jah Children"
 * "I'm A Natty"
 * "Discipline Child"
 * "Shakey Girl"
 * "Top Ranking Special"
 * "Tired Fe Lick Weed"
 * "Peace Treaty Special"
 * Big Youth
 * "I Pray Thee"
 * "Every Nigger Is A Star"
 * "In This Ya Time"
 * "House of Dreadlocks"
 * "Isiah The First Prophet Of Old"
 * "Peace At Last"
 * "Old Man River"
 * "Hit The Road Jack"
 * Beres Hammond
 * "Smile"
 * "I Miss You"
 * "One Step Ahead"
 * Peter Tosh
 * "Igziabeher"
 * "400 Years"
 * "Stepping Razor"
 * "Intro Rap"
 * "Burial/Speech"
 * "Equal Rights"
 * "Speech"
 * "Legalize It"
 * "Get Up Stand Up"
 * Bunny Wailer
 * "Blackheart Man"
 * "Fighting Against Convinction"
 * "The Oppressed Song"
 * "Fig Tree"
 * "Dream Land"
 * "Rasta Man"
 * Reincarnated Souls"
 * Armaddeggon"
 * "Bide Up"
 * "This Train"
 * Ras Michael and The Sons of Negus
 * "Ethiopian National Anthem"
 * "None A Jah Jah Children No Cry"
 * "Come Down"
 * "in a [sic] Amagideon"
 * "A New Name"
 * U-Roy
 * "Natty Don't Fear"
 * "Soul Rebel" with The Wailers
 * Judy Mowatt
 * "Black Woman"
 * Bob Marley & The Wailers
 * "Lion of Judah"
 * "Natural Mystic"
 * "Trenchtown Rock"
 * "Natty Dread"
 * "Positive Vibration"
 * "War"
 * "Jammin"
 * "Jah Live"

title: One Love Peace Concert


text:
Georgia on My Mind (novelette)

"Georgia on My Mind" (1993) is an English language science fiction novelette by Charles Sheffield. It won both the 1993 Nebula Award for Best Novelette and the 1994 Hugo Award for Best Novelette.

The novelette involves two major themes: being widowed and the quest for a legendary Babbage computer. The "Georgia" of the title is the remote South Georgia Island which lies just north of Antarctica.

Plot
The narrator, a computer scientist, gets a letter from former colleague Bill Rigley indicating that he has discovered components of an analytical engine which was apparently built in rural New Zealand in the mid 19th century. Traveling to New Zealand, the narrator is shown the machinery, which was discovered under a farm house near Dunedin as well as a book of scientific drawings and a journal. The journal contains entries written by someone with the initials L.D. who is in a romantic relationship with someone else, also with the initials L.D. One of them, a woman, built the analytical engine, the other drew the nature drawings. The narrator begins reading the journal. It is an account written by Luke Derwent who had fled to New Zealand with his half sister Louisa Derwent after the two fell in love and married. While Louisa builds her analytical engine, Luke explores the southern ocean with the help of Maori guides. On one of these explorations, Luke meets beings who the Maori call "the cold loving people". While these beings lack the "outward aspect" of humans, they are clearly intelligent and have amazing machines, including powerful medicine. Louisa takes sick and Luke determines to travel with her to the base of the "cold loving people" so that they may heal her. Bill shows the narrator a picture which Luke drew of the beings, which Louisa had named "Heteromorphs", showing them to be spider-like creatures about three feet tall. The narrator and Bill use information provided in Luke's journal to calculate that the Heteromorphs' base was on South Georgia Island. They begin planning a mission to South Georgia, hoping to beat several other groups which, having heard of the discovery, are planning to make their way to the island.

title: Georgia on My Mind (novelette)


text:
Alfred Enoch

Alfred Lewis Enoch (born 2 December 1988) is a British-Brazilian actor. He is best known for playing Dean Thomas in the Harry Potter film series and Wes Gibbins in the legal thriller television series How to Get Away with Murder.

Early life and education
Enoch was born on 2 December 1988 in the Westminster district of London, to actor William Russell (1924-2024) and his second wife, Etheline Margareth Lewis, a Barbadian Brazilian doctor. He has three half-siblings from his father's previous marriage, and holds dual British and Brazilian citizenship. He lived with his parents in southern France when he was two or three. He was educated at Westminster School, a historic public school in Westminster, London.

Enoch is a fluent speaker of English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish, and graduated from the Queen's College, Oxford with a Bachelor of Arts in Modern Languages.

Career
In 2001, Enoch made his acting debut as Dean Thomas in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. At first, Enoch was reluctant to audition, as he was unable to think of very many black Harry Potter characters. He did, however, and he played the character throughout the entire franchise. He also voiced the character in several of the Harry Potter video games.

After the Harry Potter films, Enoch appeared in a number of plays throughout London including Coriolanus, Timon of Athens, Antigone, and Happy New.  He made a guest appearance as Stephen Bainbridge, the Bloody Guardsman, in the Sherlock episode, "The Sign of Three". In 2014, Enoch began starring as Wes Gibbins in the ABC legal thriller series How to Get Away with Murder, produced by Shonda Rhimes.

In 2016, Enoch played Edgar/Poor Tom in the well-received Talawa Theatre Company and Manchester Royal Exchange co-production of King Lear, for which he garnered much praise for his characterisation and the physicality he brought to the roles.

Enoch returned to the West End in the 2018 revival of Red at Wyndham's Theatre, starring alongside Alfred Molina. That same year, he played Aeneas, in the BBC ONE & Netflix TV miniseries Troy: Fall of a City. The following year, Enoch took the leading role 'Jamie McCain' in BBC drama Trust Me, series 2.

In 2020, Enoch returned for two episodes of How to Get Away with Murder's sixth season but in the separate role of the adult version of Christopher Castillo, Wes' son. That same year, he played Antônio in Executive Order and Ryan in Tigers.

In 2021, he played Romeo in a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Globe Theatre in London, Raych Seldon in Apple TV+ science fiction series Foundation, and Harry Wotton in a 2021 adaption of The Picture of Dorian Gray.

Enoch returned to the special featuring Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts in 2022. He played the Dramaturg in Shades of Blue at Sadler's Wells in May of that same year. Enoch also played Adam in This is Christmas.

In 2023, Enoch played Pete in the TV series The Couple Next Door and Tom in The Critic. He played Gabe on the BBC audio drama People Who Knew Me that same year.

Personal life
As of 2020, Enoch lives in London with his girlfriend, though her name has not been revealed. In 2017, he was speculated to be dating his How To Get Away With Murder co-star Aja Naomi King after King posted a photo of herself, her parents, and Enoch on Instagram with a caption that read, "Had the best time in Paris and London. Another great adventure with the people I love most in the world!!!" However, the rumors have never been confirmed or denied.

title: Alfred Enoch


text:
User:Brisvegas

Hi and welcome to my user page!

New Users Log Welcome Temp A noticeboard Another noticeboard Translations galore! WP:FAOL WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles Sandy

My Edit Count [http://www.math.ucla.edu/~aoleg/wp/rfa/edit_summary.cgi?user=Brisvegas Edit summary usage for Brisvegas: 100% for major edits and 100% for minor edits. Based on the last 150 major and 150 minor edits in the article namespace.]

title: User:Brisvegas


text:
Honda Z series

The Honda Z series or Monkey Bike was a line of minibikes made by Honda which have a model number starting with the letter Z. The bike came to be known as a monkey bike because those riding them "looked like monkeys".

Background
The original model of the Honda Z-series was the 1961 prototype Honda Z100, originally produced as a children's ride at the Tama Tech Japanese amusement park. It was eventually refined and put into mass production, hitting the European market in 1964.

Design
Most Z-series bikes are small, light, collapsible motorcycles made for convenience and ease of transportation. They have 50 cc four-stroke engines with an overhead cam. Some have a centrifugal clutch and a standard three-speed manual foot-shift lever, making it a semi-automatic transmission, while others have a conventional manual clutch and a three- or four-speed gearbox.

History
Monkey bike is the name given to a small, low-powered motorcycles introduced by Honda in the 1960s, the first being the 1961 Z100. Later Monkeys were designated Z50, such as the Z50A(US), J, M, R(US) and Z.

These vehicles all had a 4.5 hp, 49 cc, single horizontal cylinder, four-stroke engine, and a seat height less than 22 in. The first Monkey bikes did not have any suspension, but front suspension was soon added. By 1974, when the Z50J was introduced (US 1972 Z50AK3), suspension had been added to the rear, as well. The first Monkey bikes had 3.5 x wheels, but later models had 3.5 x wheels.

The early Z series Mini Trails are still highly popular, decades after the end of production, often selling for several times their original price. Refurbishment and upgrade parts are available from a variety of sources and vendors.

The low power of the 49cc engine used in the Mini Trail and Super Cub has resulted in numerous upgrade possibilities, including replacement with larger and newer Honda horizontal engines.

End of production
In March of 2017, Honda Motorcycle president Chiaki Kato announced that the Z50 series would be discontinued in August 2017, due to new and pending emission-control regulations in Japan, which would be very difficult for small-displacement engines to meet. The model would be retired with the release of a limited-run 50th Anniversary Special Edition, which was only available to Japanese consumers. An online lottery, open from July 21 to August 21, was used to select buyers of the 500 units, which sold for ¥432,000 (about $3,900) including consumption tax. This final model of the Z50 mixed aspects of the Z50A (1968) and the Z50AK3 (1972) with a plaid-covered seat duplicating the original Z50M and most parts were chrome plated.

Similar and derivative designs
Numerous similar small motorcycles predate the Honda model, notably the World War II Welbike motorcycle used by parachutists, and limited numbers of minibikes powered by a repurposed lawnmower and chainsaw engines were produced in the 1950s and 1960s. This type of design did not become commonplace or popular until the introduction of the mass-produced Z series.

The Honda Dax model (the ST series in the North American market) is not a Monkey, but rather a bigger, two-seat variant, with larger 10 in wheels and on some markets also a larger 70 cc (72) engine, instead of 50 cc (49 cc) as the Z50. The name Dax origins from the german word "Dachshund", a breed of dog with a long, sausage-formed body, as the frame of the Dax looks like of them with its long, press steel frame. In the US, the Dax was sold as the CT70 (Cross Trail). The Dax models have a monocoque stamped sheet-metal frame, similar to some other early Honda motorcycles. This also houses the fuel tank, battery, and wiring loom.

While Honda has ended production of the Z50, there are several similar trail bikes being produced as licensed replicas in China; some are parts-compatible with original Hondas. Famous examples are Lifan and Skyteam

In 2018, Honda introduced the Honda “Monkey 125” (as the 2019 model year). While actually based on the Honda Grom, the model name, styling, and paint scheme are directly inspired by the early Z series.

title: Honda Z series


text:
Talk:Rachel Nichols (actress)

Religion? Born Jewish?
Was she born Jewish? She married jewish producer Scott Stuber so she converted to Judaism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.150.233.228 (talk) 02:25, 24 June 2012 (UTC)
 * We don't have a reliable source saying she was born Jewish. Whether or not her husband is Jewish does not indicate that she converted. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 03:35, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

Hair colour
Her eyebrows and lashes are rather dark, her recent photo from work on continuum shows her with natural looking brown hair. I would be very surprised if her hair had never been dyed when she worked as a model, on the contrary, her blonde hair from photos in her mid-twenties looks dyed. Claims like "never dyed [her] hair" are easily made, but often just publicity. (93.196.239.176 (talk) 20:03, 17 November 2013 (UTC))
 * I agree she looks like a natural brunette. But you would need sources to change the text of the article in this regard. Debresser (talk) 23:46, 24 April 2014 (UTC)
 * She is blond again in Tokarev (film). Debresser (talk) 19:36, 26 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110807162524/http://www.onlinesentinel.com/archive/rising-starnewlywed-rachel-nichols_-career-on-the-fast-track.html to http://www.onlinesentinel.com/archive/rising-starnewlywed-rachel-nichols_-career-on-the-fast-track.html
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Date of birth
I don't believe any of the references offered so far meet the criteria required for WP:BLP information, at least as far as the year is concerned. The Instagram ref might be ok for the month and day. Please refer to WP:RSN and WP:RSP before suggesting references of the quality that have been repeatedly removed. --Hipal (talk) 16:39, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Somebody recently put her DOB back. I removed it because it had rather poor sources. Rotten Tomatoes is not a journalism site and it's main business is film criticism, not actor bios. It shouldn't be used for WP:BLP especially since some of the DOBs listed are incorrect. As a matter of fact, I asked about this a few months back and pretty much all the editors that replied agreed.
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_403#Rotten_Tomatoes_reliabilty
 * I've never heard of that movieplayer site before, but looking into it, like Rotten Tomatoes, I see it also has the incorrect DOBs for other actors. So I wouldn't be surprised if that just scrapes this sort of info from other places because that's what a lot of sites do these days and not doing any fact checking. Now the instagram source probably would have been okay to use if Nichols said her age. And there's really not much value to the article having just the month and day. Kcj5062 (talk) 07:20, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rachel Nichols (actress)


text:
James and Oliver Phelps

James Andrew Eric Phelps and Oliver Martyn John Phelps (born 25 February 1986) are English actors and identical twin brothers. They are known for playing Fred and George Weasley in the Harry Potter film series from 2001 to 2011 and have continued to work together as a duo on other projects. The twins also run a podcast together titled Normal Not Normal.

Early life
James and Oliver Phelps were born in the Sutton Coldfield area of Birmingham, England on 25 February 1986. They are the only children of Susan (née Spare) and Martyn Phelps. Oliver is the older of the two by 13 minutes. Growing up, the twins attended Little Sutton Primary School and the Arthur Terry Secondary School. During the filming of the Harry Potter series, the twins were tutored on set.

Career
In 2000, despite having no previous acting experience, the twins skipped school to attend an open audition in Leeds. After about six auditions, the twins were cast as Fred and George Weasley in the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. At the first table reading after being cast, James was given the role of Fred and Oliver was given the role of George. They played the characters in all eight films.

Outside of acting, James Phelps worked as a runner on the set of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and on The Da Vinci Code.

In 2009, the twins appeared as brothers in the fifth episode of the third season of the TV series Kingdom. In 2012, they starred in A Mind's Eye, a short documentary film based on the philosophical ideas of Plato, and they directed Journey along the Thames for the opening ceremony of London 2012.

The twins have been involved in the Harry Potter Exhibition. They were present during its 2009 opening in Chicago and later toured various cities and countries to promote it.

In January 2014, the twins attended the Harry Potter Celebration in Orlando, Florida along with Evanna Lynch, Matthew Lewis, and Devon Murray. They also made a LiveCast where they answered fans' questions and talked about the expansion at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.

Podcast
The twins collaborated on a podcast available on YouTube and various streaming services, including Spotify and iTunes. The first season, which premiered in 2017, featured James and Oliver discussing their previous travels.

The second season of the podcast was released in 2020 during quarantine, and the twins interviewed guests and spoke about their personal lives.

In 2021, they released a third season, titled "Normal Not Normal”, on which they collaborated with Stabl production; this season is more structured and professionally edited compared to the previous season. In this season they discuss what normal really is and if it even exists. They have interviewed celebrities including Sasha Banks, Tom Hopper, Mara Wilson, as well as their former co-stars, such as Katie Leung, Evanna Lynch, and Alfie Enoch.

Charity work and personal lives
In January 2003, the twins planted trees at the National Forest, in Leicestershire. The trees were birch and ash--the same types of wood that helped make the broomsticks used in the Harry Potter films.

While filming the Harry Potter movies, the twins (along with Bonnie Wright, who played their on-screen sister, Ginny Weasley) decided to play a prank on the construction workers, who were working next to the studio they were filming at. They used their walkie-talkies to send all the workers at the construction site home, landing them in trouble with the workers' boss. “The gaffer...probably didn’t realise he was dealing with children with his language,” Oliver said.

The twins are supporters of Teenage Cancer Trust, the "Celebrity World Cup Soccer Six", the Virgin Money Giving drive, and Cancer Research UK in Australia.

Oliver married Katy Humpage in 2015 and they have two daughters. James married Annika Ostle in 2016.

Filmography

 * This filmography is of the twins as a duo. See James Phelps and Oliver Phelps for other productions in which they have appeared.

title: James and Oliver Phelps


text:
Entomologist's Gazette

The Entomologist's Gazette is a British entomological journal. It contains articles and notes on the biology, ecology, distribution, taxonomy and systematics of all orders of insects, but with a bias towards Lepidoptera. It is produced quarterly and was first published in 1950. Although originally restricted to the entomological fauna of Great Britain and Ireland, in the 1970s it extended its scope to cover the Palearctic region as a whole. Originally published by E. W. Classey 1950–1990; Gem Publishing 1991–2006; since 2007 published by Pemberley Books.

title: Entomologist's Gazette


text:
1976 in art

Events from the year 1976 in art.

Events

 * July–August – Articles by Geraldine Norman in The Times (London) expose a number of paintings attributed to Samuel Palmer as the work of Tom Keating, which he does not deny.
 * Completion of the Cubist-influenced Church of the Holy Trinity, Vienna, by Fritz Wotruba.
 * Collection de l'art brut ("Collection of outsider art") established in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize: Brett Whiteley – Self Portrait in the Studio
 * John Moores Painting Prize - John Walker for "Juggernaut with plume - for P Neruda"

Exhibitions

 * 25 May – Opening of exhibition of color photography by William Eggleston at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 21 July – Opening of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in Long Island City, New York. The inaugural exhibition Rooms presents in-situ works and installations by around 80 artists from the United States and abroad.
 * 20 September until 21 November – "Two Centuries of Black American Art" curated by David Driskell at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) in Los Angeles, California - then traveled to; the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia (8 January, 1977–20 February, 1977), the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts in Dallas, Texas (30 March 30, 1977–15 May, 1977), and the Brooklyn Museum (25 June, 1977–21 August, 1977).

Works

 * Vito Acconci – The Red Tapes
 * Judy Baca and 400 community artists – Great Wall of Los Angeles (mural)
 * Francis Bacon – Triptych
 * Jennifer Bartlett – Rhapsody (completed)
 * Pye Engström – Efter badet
 * Christo and Jeanne Claude – "Running Fence" in Sonoma County and Marin County, California, United States
 * Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue
 * Nabil Kanso – Faust (paintings, 1976 through 1979)
 * Bernard Kirschenbaum – Way Four
 * R. B. Kitaj – From London
 * Henry Moore – Three Piece Reclining Figure Draped (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
 * Susan Rothenberg – Butterfly
 * Robert Ryman – Untitled (pastel and graphite on plexiglas with steel, 126 cm2)
 * Douglas Senft – Awning (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * Jamie Wyeth – Portrait of Andy Warhol

Films

 * Blackwood

Births

 * 4 January – Shiro Amano, Japanese manga artist
 * 27 January – Zoriah Miller, American photographer
 * 13 February – Martin Sastre, Uruguayan media artist
 * 3 April – Carl Hammoud, Swedish painter
 * 30 April – Tomokazu Matsuyama, Japanese artist
 * 10 June – Tai Shani, British artist

- Full date unknown -
 * Donato Piccolo, Italian artist

January to March

 * 1 February – Hans Richter, German painter, graphic artist, avant-gardist, film-experimenter and producer (b. 1888)
 * 2 February – Zlatyu Boyadzhiev, Bulgarian painter (b. 1903)
 * 12 February – Charles Jourdan, French fashion designer (b. 1883)
 * 18 February – Wallace Berman, American painter and illustrator (b. 1926)
 * 23 February – L. S. Lowry, English painter (b. 1887)
 * February – Kate Lechmere, English painter associated with the Vorticists and milliner (b. 1887)
 * 3 March – Pierre Molinier, French painter and photographer (b. 1900)
 * 12 March – Jacques Carlu, French architect and designer (b. 1890)
 * 22 March – John McLaughlin, American hard-edge painter (b. 1898)
 * 25 March – Josef Albers, German artist, mathematician and educator (b. 1888)
 * 31 March – Paul Strand, American photographer and filmmaker (b. 1890)

April to June

 * 1 April – Max Ernst, German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet (b. 1891).
 * 22 April
 * Stanley Cursiter, Scottish painter and curator (b. 1887).
 * Jeanne Mammen, German painter (b. 1890)
 * 24 April – Mark Tobey, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1890)
 * 11 May – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect and designer (b. 1898)
 * 28 May – Steffan Danielsen, Faroese painter (b. 1922)
 * 24 June – Imogen Cunningham, American photographer (b. 1883)
 * 27 June – Albert Dubout, French cartoonist, illustrator, painter, and sculptor (b. 1905)

July to December

 * 5 July – Frank Bellamy, English comics artist (b. 1917)
 * 24 July – Afro Basaldella, Italian painter (b. 1912)
 * 16 September – Cecil Thomas, English bronze sculptor and medallist (b. 1885)
 * 23 September – Anna Zinkeisen, British artist (b. 1901)
 * 22 October - Edward Burra, British artist (b. 1905)
 * 31 October – Eileen Gray, Irish furniture designer and architect (b. 1878)
 * 11 November – Alexander Calder, American sculptor and multi media artist (b. 1898)
 * 18 November – Man Ray, American artist and photographer (b. 1890)
 * 11 December – Elmyr de Hory, Hungarian-born painter and art forger (b. 1906)
 * 19 December – Giuseppe Caselli, Italian painter (b. 1893)
 * 31 December – Sándor Bortnyik, Hungarian painter and graphic designer (b. 1893)

Full date unknown

 * Mariano Andreu, Spanish painter, enamelling master, sculptor and stage designer (b. 1888)
 * François Ozenda, French painter (b. 1923)

title: 1976 in art


text:
Oliver Phelps (actor)

Oliver Martyn John Phelps (born 25 February 1986) is an English actor. He is known for playing George Weasley in the Harry Potter film series from 2001 to 2011, alongside his twin brother, James Phelps. The twins have continued to work together as a duo on other projects.

Early life
Oliver Phelps was born in the Sutton Coldfield area of Birmingham, England on 25 February 1986, 13 minutes before his brother James. They are the only children of Susan (née Spare) and Martyn Phelps. Growing up, Oliver and his brother attended Little Sutton Primary School and the Arthur Terry Secondary School. During the filming of the Harry Potter series, the twins were tutored on set.

Career
In 2000, despite having no previous acting experience, the twins skipped school to attend an open audition in Leeds. After about six auditions, the twins were cast as Fred and George Weasley in the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. At the first table reading after being cast, Oliver was given the role of George and James was given the role of Fred.

In 2009, the twins appeared as brothers in the fifth episode of the third season of the TV series Kingdom. In 2012, they starred in A Mind's Eye, a short documentary film based on the philosophical ideas of Plato.

The twins have also been involved in the Harry Potter Exhibition. They were present during its 2009 opening in Chicago and later toured various cities and countries to promote it.

In January 2014, the twins attended the Harry Potter Celebration in Orlando, Florida along with Evanna Lynch, Matthew Lewis, and Devon Murray. They also made a LiveCast where they answered fans' questions and talked about the expansion at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.

Oliver Phelps made his stage debut in 2018, in a production of The Case of the Frightened Lady (based on a novel of the same name by Edgar Wallace) at the Grand Opera House, York. He shared the stage with fellow actor Deborah Grant.

Podcast
Phelps has also collaborated with his brother on a podcast, which was launched on YouTube and various streaming services, including Spotify and iTunes.

The first season, which premiered in 2017, featured James and Oliver discussing their previous travels.

The second season of the podcast was released in 2020 during quarantine, and the twins interviewed guests and spoke about their personal lives.

In 2021, they released a third season, titled "Normal Not Normal”, on which they collaborated with Stabl production; this season is more structured and professionally edited compared to the previous season. In this season they discuss what normal really is and if it even exists. They have interviewed celebrities including Sasha Banks, Tom Hopper, Mara Wilson, as well as their former co-stars, such as Katie Leung, Evanna Lynch, and Alfie Enoch.

Personal life and philanthropy
Phelps married Katy Humpage in 2015. They have two daughters named Autumn and Emilia.

In January 2003, Oliver and his brother planted trees at the National Forest, in Leicestershire. The trees were birch and ash--the same types of wood that helped make the broomsticks used in the Harry Potter films.

The twins are supporters of Teenage Cancer Trust, the "Celebrity World Cup Soccer Six", the Virgin Money Giving drive, and Cancer Research UK in Australia.

title: Oliver Phelps (actor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ben Kearvell

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete, not notable. Thue | talk 14:39, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Ben Kearvell
Delete probably hoax. nn regardless. TheMidnighters 10:59, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. DarthVader 11:06, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, no assertion of importance or significance. Considering yourself great doesn't qualify.  (I got into an edit conflict adding the tag.) —Cryptic (talk) 11:15, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Even though I wikified and cleaned up this article, It only gets 136 hits on Google, only a few related to books or publications. --Wackymacs 13:18, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly speedily. I find only extremely weak assertion of notability, and that's when I use my imagination. Aerion//talk 13:54, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per Cryptic.--DNicholls 13:55, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Red Peru Justo

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:54, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Red Peru Justo
Delete. Not notable. A Google search for "Red Peru Justo" produced 66 hits. Merely having a webpage on Tripod.com doesn't make a organization notable. Are there any Peruvians out there who could comment on this org? -Ichabod 11:00, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. --Zpb52 03:08, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete I myself being Peruvian have never heard of this organization, but i have not lived in Peru in about 12 years so I only know as much as the next person. Jobe6 05:09, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * How do you know how much I know? -Splash 18:12, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Hasn't even made it as far as getting their own domain name: they're still using Tripod. -Splash 18:12, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Most of the google hits seem to be web directory entries or guestbook entries and the original version of this article also reads like vanity. No indication that anybody outside of this organization has heard of it. —PrologFan {Talk} 22:20, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn self promotion. JamesBurns 07:43, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.