text:
Talk:Nickel Creek

Strange Line
I don't know who put this line in, but it would probably make more sense to take out the first part. The question marks are literally in the article text:

"The band opened eleven shows for ??? and opened eleven shows for Lyle Lovett in the summer of 2000,..."

Any thoughts? It looks like it's just supposed to say that they opened eleven shows for Lyle Lovett, so if I don't hear anything I'm going to change it to that... Josejuan05 (talk) 18:44, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Bluegrass?
Nickel Creek does not play bluegrass (Chris Thile has gone so far as to say this), although Chris and Sean have recorded some bluegrass apart from the band (i.e. Chris' solo albums). The "About" section of the Official Nickel Creek website acknowledges this (Sara says, " I think of us as a sort of high-energy chamber band."). Cmadler 15:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That doesn't mean they are not bluegrass. For example, AMG says their eponymous album is "decidedly a bluegrass record." Hyacinth 18:40, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Have you listened to that album? Have you listened to much bluegrass? In this case, AMG is decidedly wrong. Although there is bluegrass influence in their music, it probably shows an equally strong celtic influence (particularly through Sara's fiddling style). Perhaps three or four of the dozen songs on that album approach what might be called "progressive bluegrass", but they only approach it, and the other 3/4 of the album is in another realm entirely. To further support the argument that Nickel Creek does not generally play bluegrass (I will not say they never have): 1. It is generally accepted that bluegrass music requires the presence of a banjo player (playing banjo on some songs, though not necessarily all; the gospel songs performed by Flatt and Scruggs come to mind); 2. Bluegrass is usually played with each melody instrument switching off, playing the melody in turn while the others revert to backing, in Nickel Creek's music there is commonly no melody v. backing per se but rather a true trio (hence Sara's comments about chamber music). Nickel Creek does make use of instruments which are also used in bluegrass, but these instruments were common in chamber music for many centuries before bluegrass. Although they have played bluegrass individually (so did Jerry Garcia and The Byrds guitarist Clarence White) and severally, and do have connections to bluegrass (so does Leon Russell), which both should be noted in the article, there is really nothing that defines the overall body of their music as bluegrass, and it is a gross mischaracterization to call it that. Cmadler 14:10, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It is not unreasonable to refer to them as progressive bluegrass, although this is only one aspect of the group's music, and like many great acts they really are hard to classify. Regarding the above, (1) The banjo is an important element yes, (in fact many would trace the point of origin of bluegrass to the moment Earl Scruggs joined Bill Monroe's band,) but it has not always been essential.  Jim and Jesse McReynolds were hugely influential in the early years of bluegrass and usually played without a banjo (due in part to Jesse's crosspicking wizardry on the mandolin). (2) Many modern bluegrass musicians don't stick to the format.  If you listen to Sam Bush for example you will hear everything from jazz to reggae to ...(?).  The lead of the current article seems to strike a  pretty good balance between making their influences clear and not pigeonholing them. -MrFizyx 15:14, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Birth information
Our article on Sara Watkins says she was born in 1977, not 1981. I don't know which is correct. If people can figure it out, I suggest that the correct date go only in her bio article; individual birth dates aren't needed in the article on the band. JamesMLane 11:26, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like this issue has been taken care of. Nubby 18:30, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Solo albums
Is it really appropriate to list all the solo albums on the page for the group, given that individual pages exist for the bandmembers? If it was mentioned that the entire group contributed to the albums (if that is in fact the case), it might make some sense. Cmadler 20:00, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Since no argument has been made in favor of keeping the solo albums on this article, I am deleting those sections. Cmadler 14:30, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Full discography
They released at least two cassettes, recorded on their own equipment at home, which they sold fairly widely at their early live performances. Should these be included in the discography? They are almost impossible to come by, these days. I only remember the name of one: "A Nickel's Worth." Any other information out there? --Gilrain 18:33, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * my thought is if we can come up with the other title they should both then be listed but as a seperate sub-section from the main releases. :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  09:10, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

How can the 2000 release "Nickel Creek" be considered Platinum for 900,000 units sold? Platinum is clearly defined as a million. It's close, but I don't believe it has been certified. It doesn't show as being certified in the RIAA database.(192.45.72.28 00:43, 13 February 2007 (UTC))

Band Members
Is the bass player really a member of Nickel Creek? I believe they have always been a trio, performing with a bassist that is not technically a member of the band, but rather an accompanist. Refer to their biograph on CMT's website, stating "The three members of Nickel Creek..." (http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/creek_nickel/bio.jhtml)
 * Whether you consider the bass an "accompaniment" instrument in their music seems to me a moot point; you could just as well say that Ringo Starr was an accompanist for the Beatles (or that Flatt & Scruggs were a duo with a bunch of accompanists!); he soloed about as much as Nickel Creek's bass players. The fact is, Nickel Creek have always performed and recorded with a bassist, and except for a brief period after Scott Thile's retirement this role has been consistently filled first by Scott and currently by Mark Schatz. To me the salient point is that they are four musicians on stage performing roughly as equals; this is by definition a quartet. Cmadler 00:24, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Good point. I suggest therefore that in the chart that "and sometimes" be removed before Mark Schatz's name, considering he is a current band member.
 * Done. Cmadler 12:29, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

A discussion doesn't make it fact - a band is as much a legal entity as a performing act. Their webite claims them as a trio not withstanding their constant recording and performing with another. About the band on their website :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  12:47, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I could call myself Napoleon, or the President of the US, but my saying it doesn't make it so. I don't want to get into a revert war, but I'm sticking with my previous statement that four musicians is - by definition - a quartet and not a trio. Perhaps the article could say something like "From a musical standpoint, they are a quartet, but Mark Schatz is not considered part of the band for legal reasons." (You implied some legal issue; I don't know if it's true.) Cmadler 12:22, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I hear what you are saying but I have never heard of this type of exception before, George Martin was a frequent and regular recording part of the Beatles (esp. early) but is not part of the band. The Monkees were musically (instruments!) only part of the band after the first albums. All of the band's (nickel creek) own material state them to be a trio. This isn't something to fight about. But I would prefer to say "Band xxxx is a trio." and then "It should be noted that in most recent recordings and live perfomances the band has a regular fourth contributer, acting more like a quartet." How's that. Don't get me wrong I do see the problem, and perhaps the band will formalise the arrangement in some way. Oh yes CSN&Y had two extra players some of the time, can't quite remember the names. The difference is between de facto and de jure. ::  Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page)  15:45, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Failed GA
I'm failing this article for GA. The article is underreferenced. It contains original research as far as musical styles, and there are unsourced sales figures. ShadowHalo 05:14, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Good article nomination on hold
This article's Good Article promotion has been put on hold. During review, some issues were discovered that can be resolved without a major re-write. This is how the article, as of October 3, 2007, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: There are some wording choices that I question, for example "Nickel Creek's musical style seems to have shifted away from.." brings up the question of original research; do a thorough check to make sure you don't introduce terms like this or if they are needed, provide a citation. Make sure that album titles are italiced while song titles are "quoted".  There's a few long quotes from the band that should be made into blockquotes.
 * 2. Factually accurate?: The article is lacking references to key factual data, for example, sales data for albums. Critical reviews should be cited even if you give credit to the obvious source.  Your sources need to be formatted either via Harvard referencing or WP's citation templates as in WP:CITE.  The article's information itself seems fairly accurate.
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: You may want to check other bands that have made WP:GA status; a style generally common to these is a "musical style", which you have described somewhat in the lead, but could be moved here. I would also say the same for providing some brief, appropriately rationaled song samples (see images).  Outside of these, the rest of the article seems to cover the band well.
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: No apparent problems
 * 5. Article stability? Seems to be stable
 * 6. Images?: Could use a non-free disk image cover (with appropriate fair use rationale) in the body, and if possible another (free) band picture, but not really required otherwise. For a band article, one would expect at least one song sample, and given the history, I would expect two (reflecting their change from bluegrass to progressive acoustic.

Please address these matters soon and then leave a note here showing how they have been resolved. After 48 hours the article should be reviewed again. If these issues are not addressed within 7 days, the article may be failed without further notice. Thank you for your work so far. --M ASEM 15:12, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm checking in to see if there's any progress towards these corrections, and still see some of this issues exist. I'll check again in a few more days, and if these aren't by then, I'm going to fail the article presently as a GA, but please don't take that the wrong way, we have a backlog presently and can't keep articles open forever.  Please feel free to resubmit the article back as a GA candidate once you have completed these changes should this be necessary. --M ASEM  22:38, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Failed this article as a GA, as the hold has expired. CloudNine 09:52, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

GA Review

 * GA review (see here for criteria)

Well, the writing needs some work. It just doesn't flow very well. Also, some areas need more references. Until then, I've put the article On-hold. Thank you for your work so far in improving this article, and good luck improving the article to GA status. Juliancolton The storm still blows...  13:42, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) It is reasonably well written.
 * a (prose): b (MoS):
 * 1) It is factually accurate and verifiable.
 * a (references): b (citations to reliable sources):  c (OR):
 * 1) It is broad in its coverage.
 * a (major aspects): b (focused):
 * 1) It follows the neutral point of view policy.
 * Fair representation without bias:
 * 1) It is stable.
 * No edit wars etc.:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free images have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) It is illustrated by images, where possible and appropriate.
 * a (images are tagged and non-free images have fair use rationales): b (appropriate use with suitable captions):
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:
 * 1) Overall:
 * Pass/Fail:
 * Update: I added references in areas that needed them. --Thamusemeantfan (talk) 08:10, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I have also edited the writing and another user has copyedited it. --Thamusemeantfan (talk) 01:46, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

It has greatly improved since my first review, and it passes GA. Juliancolton The storm still blows...  13:08, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Grats! --Efe (talk) 01:04, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Lead Problems and Tag
Per the tag on the lead I have removed the content below which does not follow the policy WP:LEAD which says that the content of the lead is to ID the subject and summarize the entire article. It is not the place for minor details about rotating band members as described below. Let's integrate the info below into the body of the article and expand the lead to be a summary of the main points of the article. Thanks for your help!
 * The trio recorded and toured with a bass player, but had no bass player as an official member of the band. Chris's father Scott Thile played bass with the group until 2000, followed by Byron House and Derek Jones. Mark Schatz played bass regularly with the group starting in 2003. Band members characterize themselves as a band that "incorporates bluegrass into [their] music". Nickel Creek has covered songs by Weezer, Radiohead, Pavement, Coldplay, Elliott Smith, Bob Dylan, The White Stripes, the Jackson Five, The Beatles, and Beck. -- — Keithbob • Talk  • 12:10, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Quote Farm Tag
Please remember that this is an encyclopedia, not an article in a music magazine. Therefore, quotations by band members that feature random musings about their life and the band are not appropriate and should be summarized instead of using quotations.-- — Keithbob • Talk  • 12:19, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
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title: Talk:Nickel Creek


text: User:DMPineau

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:DMPineau


text:
Talk:Progressive bluegrass

Cornmeal
From the Chicago area. IMO a very good example of progressive bluegrass. They do a lot of jazz-style improv.

I'm not sure that Old Crow would qualify as progressive bluegrass.129.74.228.89 21:32, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I would agree to put them (cornmeal) on there if they had at least a nationwide popularity, like being able to headline and fill venues anywhere in the country, like the contemporary groups listed, Cornmeal has a significant regional popularity, but it is pretty limited outside that area.Itoldalthea (talk) 18:40, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Nickel Creek?
Nickel Creek is a quartet (mandolin, fiddle, guitar, bass), although they have changed bassists frequently. More importantly to this page, the music they play is not bluegrass (Chris Thile has gone so far as to say this), although Chris and Sean have recorded some bluegrass apart from the band (i.e. Chris' solo albums). The "About" section of the Official Nickel Creek website acknowledges this (Sara says, " I think of us as a sort of high-energy chamber band."). I see that the Nickel Creek page also indicates that they are a bluegrass band, and I am making this comment there as well. Cmadler 15:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * According to AMG Nickel Creek is progressive bluegrass: "Distinguished by their youth and eclectic taste, Nickel Creek became a word-of-mouth sensation on the progressive bluegrass scene and soon found their appeal spreading beyond the genre's core audience." Under styles it lists bluegrass second. Hyacinth 20:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * AMG is not perfect, and "progressive bluegrass" is still bluegrass; often electrified, amped up, with non-traditional songs and chords, and non-traditional instruments, but still bluegrass. In the end, there has to be some characteristic (or set of characteristics) defining a band as bluegrass (or progressive bluegrass), something more than "AMG says so." Cmadler 13:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Isn't newgrass something of a catch-all term for bluegrass dervied music? Sam Bush may have called it Newgrass and David Grisman may have called it Dawg music, but the influence of traditional bluegrass provides the common thread, certianly that thread runs through a fair bit of Nickle Creek's music as well. -MrFizyx 14:48, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd definitely call a Nickel Creek newgrass/progressive bluegrass band. They do other stuff too, but a large majority would fall under the category of non-traditional bluegrass. Besides, they did play at the 30:th anniversary Telluride Fesival... 85.225.176.180 (talk) 17:07, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Old Crow Medicine Show
Would Old Crow Medicine Show fall under a newgrass heading?--Twintone 21:43, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I dunno. My first hit when I googled this was CMT.com[: "The five guys in Old Crow are sometimes tagged as bluegrass musicians, but they don't label themselves that way personally."  My POV: I think there sound is more old time than bluegrass.  They don't have many elements of trad bg (mandolin chop, banjo roll, etc.).  Then again this is a very amorphous category.  So... if someone who knows what they are talking about ([[WP:RS]]) calls them the latest manefestaion of progressive bluegrass then I suppose we just expand the category to include them. -MrFizyx 22:03, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah. CMT also stated them as one the best bluegrass albums of 2004.   It gets so confusing sometimes!--Twintone 04:25, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I would look to see if they have been labeled as bluegrass by a bluegrass publication (e.g. Bluegrass Unlimited). This would be much more convincing than CMT.com Cmadler 17:29, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Accoriding to BU (Aug 2004):"If you had any doubts that a new generation is playing our music, this CD will do a lot to dispel them. This band has been described as an amalgam of old-time, bluegrass, and punk." I think this lends some support for one wanting to include them here. -MrFizyx 20:14, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah overall I would say the band tends to lean towards a more 'old-time' sounds, but they do cross into bluegrass, especially in their most successful album, the self-titled one. So I think that makes them just as bluegrass as the other contemporary bands listed, some of whom tend even less toward bluegrass than Old Crow.Itoldalthea (talk) 18:48, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Sam Bush?
On the page for Sam Bush it currently says "considered an originator of the Newgrass style".

"Newgrass" redirects here.

Yet he is not mentioned at all in the text of this article.

This should be fixed maybe?

85.225.176.180 (talk) 17:14, 9 May 2009 (UTC) -Itoldalthea (talk) 16:09, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Sam Bush was a founding member of Newgrass Revival.

Infobox music genre
I added Infobox music genre and populated it with info from this article. Feel free to improve it. --Devin Murphy (talk) 14:18, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Progressive bluegrass


text:
Talk:Stereophonics

British or Welsh?
I've noticed the Stereophonics and Kelly Jones articles often being edited back and forth, as to whether the band/person in question is introduced as British or Welsh. Wales (even though not everyone might like it) is officially part of Britain, so both nationalities are correct. What would be the solution to this? Feathery Sunshine (talk) 00:49, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
 * We go by what reliable sources say. All sources (apart from Wikipedia and Wikipedia mirrors) say "Welsh band", so that's what it should be to reduce the potential for readers to be a little confused when arriving at the article. SilkTork (talk) 21:20, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

Rock or alternative rock?
Should the lead section read "... are a Welsh alternative rock band..." or "... are a Welsh rock band..."? Ultra Violet Light (talk) 16:28, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

Looks Like Chaplin
Any idea why this redirects here? Should be mentioned somewhere on the page. — Llywelyn II   14:56, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It was the first single, but the release itself was not of note. Perhaps it should redirect to the discography? It is mentioned there. Karst (talk) 15:34, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Debut singles are generally worth mentioning in an article on the band. I've now mentioned it with a cite. SilkTork (talk) 21:01, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stereophonics


text:
100 mm anti-tank gun T-12

2A19 or T-12 is a Soviet-designed 100-mm anti-tank gun. It was the first anti-tank gun to adopt a smoothbore barrel, and to introduce modern armor piercing shot, like the APFSDS. It uses long projectiles that are more powerful than its caliber suggests. The T-12 served as the primary towed anti-tank artillery in the Soviet and Bulgarian armies from the early 1960s to the late 1980s.

History
The T-12 was designed by the construction bureau of the Yurga Machine-Building Plant as a replacement for the BS-3 100 mm gun. The first serial examples were produced in 1955, but the T-12 entered service only in 1961. Its special feature was the use of a smoothbore gun. The T-12 was typically deployed in the anti-tank units of armored and motor rifle regiments to protect flanks against counter-attacks during rapid advances.

In 1971, a new variant was introduced, T-12A or MT-12 "Rapira" (2A29). This has the same barrel, but has a redesigned carriage and gun shield. This allows the MT-12 to be towed by the MT-LB, giving greater mobility. The 2A29R "Ruta" or MT-12R is an MT-12 version with a radar system. From 1981, the gun could fire the laser beam-riding guided missile 9M117 Kastet (weapon system 9K116) and carried the new designator 2A29K "Kastet" or MT-12K.

By the mid-1990s, modern western tanks' frontal armor protection could no longer be penetrated by a 100 mm gun. The 100 mm caliber ammunition had reached the limits of what could be achieved with it. For a static anti-tank that cannot move to attack the sides of an opponent this is extra problematic. Today, the T-12 is applied mostly in the role of ordinary artillery, using FRAG-HE shells. The T-12 was planned to be superseded by the 2A45 Sprut-B 125 mm smooth bore anti-tank gun.

A revolutionary smoothbore gun
On introduction, the T-12's gun differed from all existing artillery by employing a smoothbore barrel instead of a rifled one. The reasons to introduce a smoothbore barrel primarily relate to armor piercing shot. This kind of shot relies on mechanically penetrating armor. It is most effective if it has the form of a long narrow diameter rod fired at very high speed. In flight it can be stabilized by a rifled gun barrel having given it rotation when it was fired, but this becomes less effective if the projectile becomes longer. The T-12 gun overcame the stabilization problem by applying fins to the projectile. This started the replacement of the armour-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) fired by rifled guns by the armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) shot fired by smoothbore guns.

Another reason to use a smoothbore barrel for armor piercing shot, is that smoothbore guns allow for higher pressures, and thus higher projectile speeds. The result is that the T-12 fired a conspicuously long APFSDS projectile. This BM2 shot (see picture) had a diameter of 38 mm and used 8.75 kg of propellant instead of less than 6 kg for the existing Soviet tank gun. It was fired at a muzzle velocity of 1,540 m/s as opposed to only 900 m/s for the usual armor piercing shot. At 1,000 m this improved armor penetration from 185 mm to 230 mm, enough to penetrate most NATO tanks of the period.

High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shells do not rely on high speed to penetrate armor, but on the explosion of the projectile on impact. The problem of using a rifled gun to fire a HEAT shot was that the stabilizing spin degraded the penetrating power by as much as half. Combined with other challenges HEAT shots were not effective for tank guns by the mid-1950s. The T-12 overcame most problems by firing a HEAT shot that was stabilized by pop-out fins. However, it was still not ideal as it was slow and therefore had to be fired in a higher arc. This was complicated by the Soviet scarcity of good rangefinders.

In 1958 Nikita Khrushchev saw the T-12 and was so enthusiastic about the gun, that he wanted it placed in the T55. However, the long ammunition would not fit in the existing Soviet medium-tank turrets. Therefore, the 115 mm U-5TS gun of the T-62 was developed with a larger caliber, so it could use more propellant while not requiring the very long T-12 projectiles.

The T-12's breech is semi-automatic, meaning that it needs to be opened only before the first shot. After the first shot the breech opens by itself, so a new projectile can immediately be loaded.

Other charactertistics
The T-12 used the carriage of the 85 mm anti-tank gun D-48. In fact the only difference between the T-12 and the D-48 was the barrel. Both can be told apart by the muzzle brake, which becomes wider towards the end of the D-48's barrel, but has the same width throughout for the T-12 and MT-12. The wheels of both D-48 and T-12 are secured by six bolts. The carriage of the T-12 did not allow it to be towed cross-country by fast tracked vehicles. It was therefore usually towed by trucks. This limited the T-12's cross country movement to only 15 km/h.

The gun can be fitted with the LO-7 ski gear for travel across snow or swampy ground. This is a metal welded structure with wide runners. The wheels are rolled up to the runners and fastened with a coupling chain. The gun can fire directly from the skis.

The principal difference between the upper part of the T-12 and that of the MT-12 is in the equilibrator that is used. That of the T-12 is hardly visible, whereas that of the MT-12 is a huge tube lying on top of the right rear part of the gun. Standing behind the gun, a barrel that has two short tubes on top of the gun barrel between the breech and the gun shield, is a T-12. If a third misaligned tube is present on the right side, the gun is an MT-12.

The gun requires a crew of six: commander, driver of the towing vehicle, gun layer, loader, and two ammunition crewmen. Since the weapon is a smoothbore, all the ammunition is finned for accuracy during flight.

The standard equipment of the T-12 includes multiple sights. The indirect aiming mechanism consists of the S71-40 mechanism with panoramic PG-1M sight. The OP4M-40U sight is used for direct fire. The APN-5-40 or APN-6-40 are used for direct fire by night.

Ammunition
Note: penetration numbers for RHA at 90 degrees.

APFSDS
APFSDS-T Tungsten
 * 3BM-2
 * Round weight: 19.34 kg
 * Projectile weight: 5.65 kg
 * Muzzle velocity: 1575 m/s
 * Maximum range: 3000 m
 * Penetration:
 * 230 mm at 500 m (9 in at 550 yd)
 * 180 mm at 2,000 m (7 in at 2,200 yd)
 * 140 mm at 3,000 m (5.5 in at 3,300 yd)

APFSDS
 * 3BM23/3UBM10
 * Round weight: 19.9 kg
 * Projectile weight: 4.55 kg
 * Muzzle velocity: 1548 m/s
 * Maximum range: 3000 m
 * Penetration: 225 mm at 1000 m (8.8 in at 1100 yd)

HEAT

 * 3BK16M/3UBK8
 * Round weight: 23.1 kg
 * Projectile weight: 9.5 kg
 * Muzzle velocity: 975 m/s
 * Maximum range: 1000 m
 * Penetration: 400 mm

HE-FRAG

 * 3OF12/3OF35
 * Round weight: 28.9 kg
 * Projectile weight: 16.7 kg
 * Muzzle velocity: 700 m/s
 * Maximum range (indirect): 8200 m

Guided projectile

 * 9K117 Kastet 3UBK10/3UBK10M

Beam riding laser guided projectile.
 * Round weight: 24.5 kg
 * Projectile weight: 17.6 kg
 * Average speed: 300 m/s
 * Range: 100 - 5000 m
 * Penetration: 550 - 600 mm

Operators

 * 🇩🇿 Algeria: 10
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: 126
 * 🇰🇭 Cambodia: 80
 * Georgia: 16
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan: 68
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan: 18
 * 🇲🇱 Mali
 * 🇲🇩 Moldova: 37
 * 🇷🇺 Russia
 * Syria: 20+
 * Transnistria
 * 🇹🇲 Turkmenistan: 60
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: 500
 * 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan: 36
 * Vietnam

Former operators

 * 🇦🇲 Armenia
 * 🇨🇺 Cuba
 * East Germany: 267
 * 🇪🇬 Egypt: 100
 * 🇪🇹 Ethiopia: 50
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary
 * 🇮🇶 Iraq: 100
 * People's Republic of Kampuchea: 15
 * 🇲🇳 Mongolia: 25
 * 🇸🇴 Somalia: 25
 * South Yemen: 72
 * Soviet Union
 * Yugoslavia: 350
 * Yugoslavia: 350

Russo-Ukrainian War
During the War in Donbas (2014–2022), the Ukrainian army had 500 anti tank guns of the types T-12, MT-12 and MT-12R. Reports about the gun often do not properly discern T-12 from MT-12. During the war in Donbas, the use of the MT-12 was documented on many pictures. The use of the T-12 is less certain.

Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, were also observed using the MT-12. The old T-12 was not sighted that often. However, in January 2023, the BBC published an article and video showing the use of a T-12 by Ukrainian forces near Bakhmut.

On the Russian side, the T-12 seems not to have been used before 2023. In early 2023 a T-12 was first sighted towed by a truck in Crimea in early 2023, but that does not indicate actual combat use. During the May 2023 Belgorod Oblast attack it was confirmed on the front line, because a piece was destroyed together with some trucks.

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
During the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War (2020), the T-12 was used on the Armenian side.

Other conflicts
Incomplete, and stil requiring thorough check whether T-12 or MT-12 was used:
 * Soviet–Afghan War
 * Iran–Iraq War
 * Persian Gulf War
 * War of Dagestan
 * Russo-Georgian War
 * Syrian civil war

MT-LB-12 (Ukraine)
In August 2022, videos of a Ukrainian T-12 mounted on top of an MT-LB began to circulate online. This first video showed a combination which had a hydraulic stabilization mechanism behind its tracks. The conversion had been done by local infantrymen. It was soon followed by a second combination which did not have a hydraulic stabilization mechanism behind its tracks.

While the combinations were widely reported as mounting an MT-12, the publications consistently showed characteristics of a T-12 being mounted. In the video of the first combination, the gun itself clearly did not have the equilibrator which is unique to the MT-12. Pictures of the second combination also did not have an equilibrator, and the reporting of its manufacture even showed a picture of a complete towed T-12 gun, recognizable by its 6-bolted wheels.

It is nevertheless quite possible that Ukraine might one day mount an MT-12 on the MT-LB chassis. The combination has been dubbed as MT-LB-12.

Romania

 * A407 - This artillery system was designed by Arsenal-Resita and is very similar to the MT-12. It can fire the same range of ammunition as the T-54/55 tank and has a maximum range of 2,200 m (HEAT) or 4,000 m (APC-T). Subversions are the A407M1 and the A407M2. In Romanian Army service, the A407 is known as the 100 mm anti-tank gun M1977 (Tun antitanc calibrul 100-mm Model 1977) and is normally towed by the DAC 887R truck. It can also be towed with the DAC 665T truck. The Model 2002 is an improved version, fitted with the automatic fire control system TAT-100.

People's Republic of China

 * Type 73 - This appears to be a copy of the Soviet T-12.
 * Type 86 - This is a 100mm smoothbore anti-tank gun that has some similarities with the 85mm Type 56 (D-44). It fires ammunition of the fixed type, including the Type 73 HE, Type 73 HEAT, Type 73 APFSDS and Type 86 APFSDS to a maximum range of 1,800 m.

title: 100 mm anti-tank gun T-12


text:
User:Cranwell

I am Cristina Castro Cranwell, from Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. I am a 67 year old psychology counselor, not forgetting my 3 children and 7 grandchildren. You may gather English is not my first languaje; Spanish is.

my e-mail: cranwell@fibertel.com.ar

I use Messenger for chats and Skype for more personal communication -- when I manage to conect the right things...

Apart from matters of my profession, I enjoy classical music and have a more than a "hobby interest" in Art and History which I study with a research group and then teach to publicity students. I have been very close to Jorge Luis Borges, Silvina Ocampo and Adolfo Bioy Casares for many years, all very well known Argentine writers. I colaborated with them, editing and and, upon their asking, sharing with them my ideas about the progress of their endeavours. An extremly pleasant "job". Today, this gives me the possibility to help young people who are learning how to write to look at their efforts with objetivity and teach them some tricks about how to convey clearly what they want to say.

My hobby is gardening and roses come first.

Discovering Wikipedia has been a great pleasure and help. I wish to thank the people who came up with the idea, and to those that organise and coordinate it.

title: User:Cranwell


text:
Tyrosine sulfation

In biochemistry, tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group (\sSO3) is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule. Secreted proteins and extracellular parts of membrane proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus may be sulfated. Sulfation was first discovered by Bettelheim in bovine fibrinopeptide B in 1954 and later found to be present in animals and plants but not in prokaryotes or in yeast.

Function
Sulfation plays a role in strengthening protein-protein interactions. Types of human proteins known to undergo tyrosine sulfation include adhesion molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors, coagulation factors, serine protease inhibitors, extracellular matrix proteins, and hormones. Tyrosine O-sulfate is a stable molecule and is excreted in urine in animals. No enzymatic mechanism of tyrosine sulfate desulfation is known to exist.

By knock-out of TPST genes in mice, it may be observed that tyrosine sulfation has effects on the growth of the mice, such as body weight, fecundity, and postnatal viability.

Mechanism
Sulfation is catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) in the Golgi apparatus. The reaction catalyzed by TPST is a transfer of sulfate from the universal sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the side-chain hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue. Sulfation sites are tyrosine residues exposed on the surface of the protein typically surrounded by acidic residues; a detailed description of the characteristics of the sulfation site was available from PROSITE and predicted by an on-line tool named the Sulfinator. Two types of tyrosylprotein sulftotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST2) have been identified.

Regulation
There is very limited evidence that the TPST genes are subject to transcriptional regulation and tyrosine O-sulfate is very stable and cannot be easily degraded by mammalian sulfatases. Tyrosine O-sulfation is an irreversible process in vivo.

Clinical Significance
It has been shown that the sulfation of Tyr1680 in Factor VIII is essential for effective binding to vWF. Thus, when this is mutated, patients may suffer mild haemophiliac symptoms due to increased turnover. Sulfation of the three tyrosines found in human PSGL-1 not only enhance its binding to P-selectin but also enables its pH-selective binding to the immune checkpoint protein VISTA.

Antibody for detection of tyrosine-sulfated epitopes
In 2006, an article was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry describing the production and characterization of an antibody called PSG2. This antibody shows exquisite sensitivity and specificity for epitopes containing sulfotyrosine independent of the sequence context.

title: Tyrosine sulfation


text:
Future Force Warrior

Future Force Warrior was a United States military advanced technology demonstration project that was part of the Future Combat Systems project. The FFW project sought to create a lightweight, fully integrated infantryman combat system. It was one technology demonstration project in a series of network-centric, next-generation infantry combat projects the U.S. military have developed over the past decade, such as the Soldier Integrated Protective Ensemble technology demonstration program, Land Warrior, and Transformation of the United States Army.

The Future Force Warrior concept envisioned the radical use of technologies such as nanotechnology, powered exoskeletons, and magnetorheological fluid-based body armor to provide the infantry with significantly higher force multiplier than the opposing force. However, the stated concept was not U.S. Army doctrine, and was not intended to answer every situation that Army After Next (the Army's buzzword for future fighting forces) would face; rather, the concept was meant to serve as an end goal to strive to reach or to compromise with current technologies and to stir imagination and dialogue on how these technologies and concepts could help soldiers in the near future.

The first phase of the project involved a development of the technologies to help reduce the soldier's fighting load and power requirements and improving the soldier's protection, lethality, and environmental and situational awareness, with planned deployment in 2010, to serve the Army's short-term needs. The Army's plan was to introduce the subsystems in "spirals" every two years, instead of one large rollout every ten years. The U.S. military hoped to develop a fully realized end product sometime in 2032, incorporating research from U.C. Berkeley's BLEEX exoskeleton project and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies into a final design. This was one of the most important parts. The Army Combat Shirt was developed from this program.

Nett Warrior
Nett Warrior – named after Col. Robert B. Nett – replaced Land Warrior. Future Force Warrior was a futuristic research project with real deliverables folded into the Nett Warrior program. Situational awareness including the Rifleman Radio on every soldier, helmet-mounted display (similar to a HUD), location and Physiological Status Monitoring were the basic building blocks being implemented in increment 1.

Headgear Subsystem
The Headgear Subsystem was the situational awareness hub of the system. It was intended to include integrated tactical processing by providing maps, routes, and data with a 180° emissive visor display, high bandwidth wireless communications, microelectronic/optics combat sensor suite that provides 360° situational awareness, and integrated small arms protection.

Combat Uniform Subsystem
Described as "Survivability Central", was intended to contain a trio of layers, "the Protective Outer Layer, the Power Centric Layer, and the Life Critical Layer."

Warfighter Physiological Status Monitor Subsystem
WPSM was intended to be an on-board physiological and medical sensor suite that would collect and monitor information regarding vital signs such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, hydration and stress levels, sleep status, body positioning and workload capacity of the warrior. If necessary, the WPSM can notify medics and commanders if the soldier has been wounded or has become fatigued.

Microclimate Cooling System
The Microclimate Cooling System, built into the Life Critical Layer, would have been a network of narrow tubing to provide heating or cooling to the soldier, up to 100 watts.

Power Subsystem
The Power Subsystem, built into the Power Centric Layer, would be fed by the Duration Central, a 2 to 20 watt Micro Turbine fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon fuel pack. According to the concept, ten ounces of fuel would power the soldier's integrated electronics ensemble for up to 6 days. Polymeric nanofiber battery patches embedded in the headgear and weapon provide back-up power for three hours.

Listed under the Power Vision in the Advanced Technology Demonstrator, the current specifications ask for 24-hour autonomous individual operation and 72-hour continuous autonomous team operations, with a high density, low weight/volume, self-generating/re-generating, reliable, safe power source.

Air Warrior
Air Warrior was the U.S. Army's next-generation aircrew ensemble, with the final product intended to provide life support, ballistic protection, and nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection in mission-configurable modules, and was under development with interoperability in mind. The system consists of components integrated to maximize safe aircraft operation and sustain aircrews throughout the flight environment.

Block 1
Block 1 of the Air Warrior system provided an initial system capability including the development, procurement, and fielding of a micro climate cooling system, an integrated survival gear and ballistic protection system, improved over-water protective equipment, and a light-weight chemical and biological protection ensemble.

Block 2
The ongoing Block 2 technology insertion program provided an Electronic Data Manager and an Aircrew Wireless Intercom System.

Block 3
General Dynamics C4 Systems was the Block 3 Systems Integrator. The Block 3 system was focused on increasing force effectiveness by improving situational awareness and survivability with features similar to those of the Headgear Subsystem.

The Air Warrior Block 3 system was intended to be compatible with multiple helicopter types, including the CH-47 Chinook, OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, AH-64 Apache and UH-60 Blackhawk. Additional Block 3 capabilities were being defined through the requirements analysis and roadmap phase.

title: Future Force Warrior


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Newlearningsociety

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Newlearningsociety
Non-notable discussion society. -- RHaworth 16:00, 2005 July 14 (UTC)
 * Delete - No attempt to establish notability. --TheMidnighters 18:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no notability established. Friday 20:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable and advertisement. see wikipedia is not. --jonasaurus 21:42, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising for a non notable forum. JamesBurns 03:33, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Phoebe Snow

Phoebe Snow (born Phoebe Ann Laub; July 17, 1950 – April 26, 2011) was an American roots music singer-songwriter and guitarist, known for her hit 1974 and 1975 songs "Poetry Man" and "Harpo's Blues", and her credited guest vocals backing Paul Simon on "Gone at Last". She was described by The New York Times as a "contralto grounded in a bluesy growl and capable of sweeping over four octaves". Snow also sang numerous commercial jingles for many U.S. products during the 1980s and 1990s, including General Foods International Coffees, Salon Selectives, and Stouffer's. Snow experienced success in Australia in the late 1970s and early 1980s with five top 100 albums in that territory. In 1995 she recorded a gospel album with Sisters of Glory.

Early life, family and education
Phoebe Ann Laub was born in New York City in 1950, and raised in a musical household in which Delta blues, Broadway show tunes, Dixieland jazz, classical music, and folk music recordings were played around the clock. Her father, Merrill Laub, an exterminator by trade, had an encyclopedic knowledge of American film and theater and was also an avid collector and restorer of antiques. Her mother, Lili Laub, was a dance teacher who had performed with the Martha Graham group. She was Jewish.

Snow was raised in Teaneck, New Jersey, and graduated from Teaneck High School in 1968. She subsequently attended Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois, but did not graduate. As a student, she carried her prized Martin 000-18 acoustic guitar from club to club in Greenwich Village, playing and singing on amateur nights. Her stage name came from an early 1900s fictional character featured in Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad ads. In painted and later photographic print images, the young woman 'Phoebe Snow' was dressed all in white to emphasize the cleanliness of the line's passenger trains. (Lackawanna's locomotives at the time burned anthracite coal which created less soot than bituminous coal.)

Career
It was at The Bitter End club in 1972 that Denny Cordell, co-owner (with Leon Russell) of Shelter Records, was so taken by the singer that he signed her to the label and produced her first recording, recording at The Church Studio. She released an eponymous album, Phoebe Snow, including "San Francisco Bay Blues" and "Poetry Man", in 1974, featuring guest performances by The Persuasions, Zoot Sims, Teddy Wilson, David Bromberg, and Dave Mason.

The album spawned a top five 1975 single on the Billboard Hot 100 with "Poetry Man" and was itself a top-five album in Billboard, for which she received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. The cover of Rolling Stone magazine followed, while she performed as the opening act for tours by Jackson Browne and Paul Simon. (She provided credited guest vocals backing Simon on the gospel-tinged hit single "Gone at Last" later in 1975—#23 on the Hot 100.) The same year, 1975, also brought the first of several appearances as a musical guest on Saturday Night Live, on which Snow performed both solo and in duets with Simon and Linda Ronstadt. During the 1975 appearance, she was seven months pregnant with her daughter, Valerie. Her backup vocal is heard on Simon's hit song "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover," along with Valerie Simpson and Patti Austin, from 1975. Both "Gone at Last" and "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" appear on Simon's Grammy-winning 1975 album Still Crazy After All These Years.

Legal battles took place between Snow and Shelter Records. Snow ended up signed to Columbia Records. Her second album, Second Childhood, appeared in 1976, produced by Phil Ramone. It was jazzier and more introspective, and was a RIAA Certified Gold Album for Snow, with the Gold Album awarded on July 9, 1976. She moved to a more rock-oriented sound for It Looks Like Snow, released later in 1976 with David Rubinson producing. 1977 saw Never Letting Go, again with Ramone, while 1978's Against the Grain was helmed by Barry Beckett. After that, Snow parted ways with Columbia; she would later say that the stress of her parental obligations compromised her ability to make music effectively. In 1979, she toured extensively throughout the US and Canada with noted guitarist Arlen Roth as her lead guitarist and musical director. Her January 1979 cover of the Paul McCartney song "Every Night" reached No. 37 in the UK. In 1981, Snow, then signed with Mirage Records, released the album Rock Away, but the album disappointed music critic Geoffrey Himes.

The 1983 Rolling Stone Record Guide summed up Snow's career to that point by saying: "One of the most gifted voices of her generation, Phoebe Snow can do just about anything stylistically as well as technically. … The question that's still unanswered is how best to channel such talent."

Snow spent long periods away from recording, often singing commercial jingles for AT&T, General Foods International Coffees, Salon Selectives, Stouffer's, Hampton Bay Ceiling Fans, and others to support herself and her daughter. Snow recorded the theme song for the first season of the TV series 9 to 5. (Dolly Parton's vocals were used for the rest of the show's run.) Snow also sang the theme song for NBC's A Different World during the show's first season (1987–88).

In 1988, a duet with Dave Mason, called "Dreams I Dream," reached No. 11 on the US adult contemporary charts. Snow returned to recording with Something Real in 1989 and gathered a few more hits on the Adult Contemporary charts. Also, Snow composed WDIV-TV (Detroit)'s "Go 4 It!" campaign in 1980. She sang "Ancient Places, Sacred Lands", composed by Steve Horelick, on Reading Rainbow's tenth episode, The Gift of the Sacred Dog. The episode was based on the book of the same name by Paul Goble and was narrated by actor Michael Ansara. It was shot in Crow Agency, Montana, in 1983.

Snow performed in 1989 on stage at Avery Fisher Hall in New York City, as part of Our Common Future: a five-hour live television broadcast originating from several countries. Also that year, Snow sang the jingle for "Colon Blow", a breakfast cereal commercial parody featured on Saturday Night Live.

In 1990, she contributed a cover version of the Delaney & Bonnie song "Get Ourselves Together" to the Elektra compilation Rubáiyát, which included Earth Wind & Fire guitarist Dick Smith. In 1992, she toured with Donald Fagen's New York Rock and Soul Revue and was featured on the group's album recorded live at the Beacon Theatre in New York City. Throughout the 1990s, she made numerous appearances on the Howard Stern radio show. She sang live for specials and birthday shows. In 1997, she sang the Roseanne theme song a cappella during the closing moments of the final episode.

In 1995, Snow participated in The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True at the Lincoln Center in New York City, singing a distinctive medley of "If I Only Had a Brain; a Heart; the Nerve". In addition, the concert featured performances by Jewel, Joel Grey, Roger Daltrey, and Jackson Browne, among others. An album of the concert was released on compact disc on Rhino Records as catalog number R2 72405.

Snow joined with the pop group Zap Mama, who recorded its own version of Snow's "Poetry Man" in an impromptu duet on the PBS series Sessions at West 54th. Hawaiian girl group Nā Leo Pilimehana also had a hit on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1999 with its cover version of "Poetry Man".

In May 1998, Snow received the Cultural Achievement Award from New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Snow performed for US President Bill Clinton, First Lady Hillary Clinton, and his cabinet at Camp David in 1999.

In 2003, Snow released her album Natural Wonder on Eagle Records, containing 10 original tracks, her first original material in 14 years. Snow performed at Howard Stern's wedding in 2008, and made a special appearance in the film Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom as herself. Some of her music was also featured on the soundtrack of the film. Her Live album (2008) featured many of her hits as well as a cover of "Piece of My Heart".

Personal life and death
Between 1975 and 1978 Snow was married to Phil Kearns (who later came out as gay). She had a daughter, Valerie Rose, who was born with severe brain damage. Snow resolved not to institutionalize Valerie, and cared for her at home until Valerie died on March 19, 2007, at the age of 31. Snow's efforts to care for Valerie nearly ended her career. She continued to take voice lessons, and she studied opera informally.

Snow resided in Bergen County, New Jersey, and in her later years she embraced Buddhism.

Phoebe Snow suffered a cerebral hemorrhage on January 19, 2010, and slipped into a coma, enduring bouts of blood clots, pneumonia and congestive heart failure. She died on April 26, 2011, at age 60 in Edison, New Jersey.

Compilations

 * 1981: The Best of Phoebe Snow
 * 1995: P.S.
 * 2001: The Very Best of Phoebe Snow
 * 2012: Playlist: The Very Best of Phoebe Snow

Various-artists compilations

 * 1982: "9 to 5" (9 to 5 TV programs theme song (1982–1983, 1986–1988) First Season Opening Theme) – Dolly Parton cover
 * 1989: "Darling Be Home Soon" ([Rude Awakening Original Motion Picture Soundtrack album) — The Lovin' Spoonful cover
 * 1990: "Get Ourselves Together" (Rubáiyát: Elektra's 40th Anniversary album) — Delaney, Bonnie & Friends cover
 * 1995: "Merry Christmas Baby" (Winter Fire & Snow album) — Johnny Moore's Three Blazers cover
 * 1997: "Time and Love" (Time and Love – The Music of Laura Nyro album) — Laura Nyro cover
 * 2002: "Single Again" (Sincerely -Mariya Takeuchi Songbook- album) — Mariya Takeuchi cover
 * 2002: "Always Here for You" (Once in a Lifetime -Mayo Okamoto Songbook- album) — Mayo Okamoto cover, Original song title "Dear..."
 * 2003: "Beams of Heaven" (Shout, Sister, Shout! – a Tribute to Sister Rosetta Tharpe album) — Sister Rosetta Tharpe cover
 * 2012: "In My Girlish Days" (....First Came Memphis Minnie album) — Memphis Minnie cover

title: Phoebe Snow


text:
Yandina

Yandina may refer to:

 * Yandina, Queensland, Australia
 * Yandina, Solomon Islands, in the Russell Islands

title: Yandina


text:
Great Synagogue

Great Synagogue or Grand Synagogue may refer to current or former synagogues in the following countries;

Algeria

 * Great Synagogue (Oran), converted into a mosque in 1975

Australia

 * Great Synagogue (Sydney), opened in 1878

Belarus

 * Great Synagogue (Grodno)

Belgium

 * Great Synagogue of Europe, built Brussels in 1878, dedicated as the Synagogue of Europe in 2008

Czech Republic

 * Great Synagogue (Plzeň), the world's fourth largest synagogue

Denmark

 * Great Synagogue (Copenhagen)

Georgia

 * Great Synagogue (Tbilisi)

Hungary

 * Dohány Street Synagogue the Great Synagogue (Nagy Zsinagóga) of Budapest, Europe's largest and the world's fourth largest synagogue.

Israel

 * Belz Great Synagogue, in Jerusalem, the second-largest synagogue in the world
 * Great Synagogue (Jerusalem)
 * Great Synagogue (Petah Tikva), completed in 1900
 * Great Synagogue (Tel Aviv), opened in 1926

Italy

 * Great Synagogue (Florence)
 * Great Synagogue (Rome), the largest synagogue in Rome

Lithuania

 * Great Synagogue (Vilna), destroyed during and after World War II

Netherlands

 * Great Synagogue (Deventer)

Poland

 * Great Synagogue (Piotrków Trybunalski)

Former synagogues

 * Great Synagogue (Białystok), destroyed in 1941
 * Great Synagogue (Danzig), destroyed in 1939
 * Great Synagogue (Jasło), destroyed during World War lI
 * Great Synagogue (Katowice), destroyed in 1939
 * Great Synagogue (Łódź), destroyed in 1939
 * Great Synagogue (Łomża), destroyed during World War II
 * Great Synagogue (Oświęcim), destroyed in 1939
 * Great Synagogue (Warsaw), destroyed in 1943 after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Romania

 * Great Synagogue (Constanța), disused
 * Great Synagogue (Iaşi)

Sweden

 * Great Synagogue of Stockholm

Ukraine

 * Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv)

Former synagogues

 * Great Synagogue (Berehove), abandoned and repurposed
 * Great Synagogue (Bila Tserkva), abandoned and repurposed
 * Great Synagogue (Brody), abandoned
 * Great Synagogue (Husiatyn), abandoned
 * Great Synagogue (Lutsk), abandoned and repurposed
 * Great City Synagogue (Lviv), destroyed
 * Great Suburb Synagogue, Lviv, destroyed
 * Great Synagogue (Pidhaitsi), demolished
 * Great Synagogue (Velyki Mosty), abandoned

United Kingdom

 * Great Synagogue (Gibraltar), oldest synagogue on the Iberian Peninsula
 * Great Synagogue of London, destroyed by aerial bombing in the London Blitz in 1941

Museums

 * The historical Great Synagogue in Amsterdam, now part of the Joods Historisch Museum (Jewish History Museum)
 * Włodawa Great Synagogue, built between 1769 and 1774, now a museum complex in Poland

Synagogues in antiquity

 * Great Assembly, or Anshei Knesset HaGedolah, sometimes referred to as the Great Synagogue, of Temple times.
 * Great Synagogue of Baghdad, an ancient building in present-day Iraq
 * Sardis Synagogue, Manisa, Turkey - The complex destroyed in AD 616 by the Sassanian-Persians.

title: Great Synagogue


text:
User talk:Cognitor~enwiki

--

The sockpuppet habit is hard to get rid of, isn't it? -Willmcw 10:18, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cognitor. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cognitor~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:06, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:42, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cognitor~enwiki


text:
HVV (disambiguation)

HVV is the public transport body in Hamburg, Germany Hamburger Verkehrsverbund.

It may also refer to:
 * Hopewell Valley Vineyards, in New Jersey, United States
 * HVV Den Haag, a Dutch football club
 * Santa María Del Mar Huave language, spoken in Mexico
 * Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, the 20th season of the CBS reality series Survivor.

title: HVV (disambiguation)


text:
Pacific Cycle

Pacific Cycle, Inc., is an American division of Dutch conglomerate Pon Holdings that imports and distributes bicycles. It was founded in 1977 by Chris Hornung. The company pioneered the sourcing of bicycles from the Far East for distribution in the U.S., developing relationships with suppliers primarily in Taiwan and China. The company now owns several well known bicycle brands as well as diversifying into bicycle accessories and other types of children's play equipment. Pacific Cycle sells more bicycles than any other company in North America and is one of the most prolific bicycle suppliers in the world. In 2006, Chris Hornung left Pacific Cycle leaving President Jeff Frehner in control. Alice Tillett has been the President of Pacific Cycle since 2008.

The company headquarters is located in Madison, Wisconsin, with a corporate branch office in Olney, Illinois (the former home of Roadmaster). They also operate distribution centers in Olney, Illinois, Vacaville, California, and Rancho Cucamonga, California (formerly of PTI).

History
In 1998, Chris Hornung reached an agreement with Wind Point Partners giving the private equity investment firm a controlling interest in Pacific Cycle.

In December 2000, with new resources from the Wind Point Partners deal, Pacific Cycle acquired the bicycle division of Brunswick Corporation for $60 million, obtaining control of the Mongoose and Roadmaster brands. This also gave Pacific Cycle access to Walmart, who was the second largest retailer of bikes and to whom Brunswick was the largest supplier. Mongoose had maintained a strong reputation for quality and performance, particularly among younger BMX enthusiasts. Pacific Cycle brought Mongoose into the mass-merchant channel at Walmart.

In 2001, Pacific Cycle outbid Huffy Corp. in bankruptcy court for the purchase of the Schwinn/GT Corporation, obtaining control of the Schwinn and GT brands for $86 million. In 2002, Schwinn was introduced to the mass-merchant channel at Walmart, Target, and Toys "R" Us.

On March 17, 2003, Pacific Cycle acquired InStep L.L.C. for an undisclosed price. InStep is a marketer and distributor of jogging strollers and bicycle trailers. Pacific financed the purchase through company earnings and the price was not disclosed.

In 2004, Pacific Cycle was acquired by Dorel Industries from Wind Point Partners for $310 million, acquiring Wind Point's 43 percent stake. Under Dorel's Recreational/Leisure product segment, the Pacific Cycle division (PCG internally) deals with the mass merchant and sporting goods channels while the Cycling Sports Group (CSG) division deals specifically with the Independent Bicycle Dealers (IBD) channel. U.S. distribution channels include mass-market retailers such as Walmart, Target, Kmart, Sears and Toys "R" Us as well as sporting goods chains such as Dick's Sporting Goods, Academy Sports and Dunham's Sports. Canadian distributors include Canadian Tire.

In 2005, Pacific Cycle started importing electric scooters and marketing them under the Schwinn Motor Scooters name. Sales ceased in approximately 2011.

In June 2008, Pacific Cycle acquired the assets of PTI Sports LLC (Protective Technologies International), a leading U.S. designer, manufacturer, and distributor of bicycle parts, helmets, and other accessories, for $28 million.

In July 2009, Pacific Cycle acquired the assets of Iron Horse Bicycles and obtained control of the brand.

In October 2021, parent company Dorel Sports was sold to Dutch Pon Holdings.

title: Pacific Cycle


text:
Piotrków

Piotrków may refer to the following places in Poland:

 * Piotrków Voivodeship, a former administrative division in Poland (1975-1998)
 * Piotrków County, an administrative division in Poland
 * Piotrków Trybunalski, a city in Piotrków County (and formerly in Piotrków Voivodeship), Poland
 * Piotrków Kujawski, a city in Gmina Piotrków Kujawski in Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
 * Piotrków Pierwszy, a village in Gmina Jabłonna in Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship
 * Piotrków Drugi, a village in Gmina Jabłonna
 * Piotrków-Kolonia, a village in Gmina Jabłonna

title: Piotrków


text:
Fumihiko Maki

Fumihiko Maki (槇 文彦) was a Japanese architect. In 1993, he received the Pritzker Prize for his work, which often explores pioneering uses of new materials and fuses the cultures of east and west. Maki died on 6 June 2024, at the age of 95.

Early life
Maki was born in Tokyo. After studying at the University of Tokyo and graduating with a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1952, he moved to the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, graduating with a master's degree in 1953. He then studied at Harvard Graduate School of Design, graduating with a Master of Architecture degree in 1954.

Career
In 1956, he took a post as assistant professor of architecture at Washington University in St. Louis, where he also was awarded his first commission: the design of Steinberg Hall (an art center) on the university's Danforth Campus. This building remained his only completed work in the United States until 1993, when he completed the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts building in San Francisco. In 2006, he returned to Washington University in St. Louis to design the new home for the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum and Walker Hall.

In 1960 he returned to Japan to help establish the Metabolism Group. He worked for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill in New York City and for Sert Jackson and Associates in Cambridge, Massachusetts and founded Maki and Associates in 1965.

In 2006, he was invited to join the judging panel for an international design competition for the new Gardens by the Bay in Singapore. Maki designed an extension building for the MIT Media Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which was completed in 2009.

After completing a $330 million expansion of the headquarters of the United Nations in Manhattan, Maki designed Tower 4 at the former World Trade Center site which opened in 2013. While it has criticized his 51 Astor Place project as "out of place," New York magazine called Tower 4 "pretty exquisite."

Maki recently designed the London campus of the Aga Khan University along with a cultural centre as part of the King's Cross development project. This was Maki's first European projects and represented the third and fourth Aga Khan projects for Maki, who also designed the Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat in Ottawa and Aga Khan Museum in Toronto. He was also assigned by the Sonja & Reinhard Ernst Stiftung to design the Museum Reinhard Ernst in Wiesbaden, Germany, to display the foundations’ collection of abstract art.

Works
Maki is known for fusing modernism with Japanese architectural traditions. For instance, he introduced the concept of oku, which is a spatial layout unique to Japan in which spaces wind around a structure. This is demonstrated in the use of walls and landscape in the Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo.

Maki's other notable projects include the following:
 * Steinberg Hall at Washington University (1960s in St. Louis)
 * Hillside Terrace (1969 in Tokyo)
 * work at Expo '70, with Kenzo Tange and others (1970, Osaka)
 * St. Mary's International School (1971 in Tokyo.)
 * Osaka Prefectural Sports Center (1972, Takaishi, Osaka)
 * Spiral (1985, Tokyo)
 * Okinawa Ocean Expo Aquarium(1975–2002, Okinawa)
 * Makuhari Messe (1989, Chiba)
 * Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus (1990, Kanagawa)
 * Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (1991 in Sendagaya, Tokyo)
 * Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (1993 in San Francisco)
 * Ensemble Global Gate (2000–2006 in Düsseldorf)
 * Office Building Solitaire (2001 in Düsseldorf)
 * TV Asahi (2003 In Tokyo.)
 * Republic Polytechnic (2006 in Singapore)
 * Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum and Walker Hall at Washington University (2006 in St. Louis)
 * Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat (2008 in Ottawa)
 * Building Square 3 at Novartis Campus (2009 in Basel, Switzerland)
 * Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania (2009 in Philadelphia)
 * MIT Media Lab Extension at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2009 in Cambridge, Massachusetts)
 * 51 Astor Place (2013 in Manhattan, New York)
 * Tower 4 (150 Greenwich Street) of the new World Trade Center (2013 in Manhattan)
 * Aga Khan Museum (2014 in Toronto)
 * Skyline @ Orchard Boulevard (2015 in Singapore)
 * Sea World Culture and Arts Center (2017 in Shekou)
 * Aga Khan Centre (2018 in London)

 * Works in progress

 * United Nations new building in New York City
 * Andhra Pradesh capital city, Amaravati
 * New city hall of Yokohama
 * Reinhard Ernst Museum in Wiesbaden

Awards

 * 1988: Wolf Prize in Arts
 * 1993: Pritzker Architecture Prize
 * 1993: International Union of Architects Gold Medal
 * 1999: Praemium Imperiale
 * 2011: AIA Gold Medal

title: Fumihiko Maki


text:
Walker River Indian Reservation

The Walker River Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located in central Nevada in the United States. It belongs to the Walker River Paiute Tribe, a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute people.

The tribe represents two Northern Paiute bands, the larger Aga'idökadö (Agai Ticutta) ("Cutthroat trout Eaters") and the smaller Pakwidökadö (Pugwi Ticutta) ("Chub carp Eaters").

The reservation is located along the Walker River between Yerington and Walker Lake (in Northern Paiute: Hagi). At the current lake level, the reservation has only a small frontage on Walker Lake. The bulk of the reservation (72.68%) is in Mineral County; with portions in Lyon County (14.37%) and Churchill County (12.95%).

The reservation's land area is 529.970 square miles (1,372.616 km2). In the 2000 census, it had a resident population of 853 persons, and 746 persons in 2010. Schurz is the only town on the reservation. Wovoka, creator of the Ghost Dance important in the 19th century, is buried in Schurz.

Weber Reservoir, an impoundment of the Walker River, is located upstream of Schurz and provides irrigation water for farms on the reservation. Given the environmental conditions, most of the reservation is used for cattle range.

The Walker River Paiute joined with the Pyramid Lake Paiute tribe (two Northern Paiute bands: Kuyuidökadö (Cui Yui Ticutta): "Cui-ui-Fish-Eaters", and Tasiget tuviwarai: "Those who live amidst the mountains") in a 2016 civil rights suit in federal court against the state to secure polling places on their reservations. Otherwise members had to travel excessive miles to reach a polling place. Early voting for the 2016 elections at Walker River reservation started October 22, and during the first two days, turnout nearly equaled the total of all voters in the 2012 presidential election.

Political activism
Native Americans in Nevada have become more politically active in presidential and other elections, as have those in other states. As part of that, they have been seeking more equitable access to polling places and treatment by county and state officials.

Led by chairman Vinton Hawley of the Pyramid Lake Paiute, the Walker River Paiute joined in a successful civil rights suit in federal court against the state government to gain polling places on their homelands in 2016. They have had a discriminatory burden in the past by having to travel excessive distances to vote in elections. Walker River voters were enthusiastic after the victory, with early voting in the first two days on the reservation equal to the total votes cast by members of the tribe in the 2012 presidential election.

Hawley is chairman of the Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada. Many of their members have similar difficulties with access to polling places. On behalf of the council, Hawley has "urged Secretary of State Barbara Cegavske to direct counties to open [homeland] polling places for nine more tribes, including some where ballot boxes are 200-plus miles away, round trip." He also urged the Secretary of State for Nevada to improve conditions at local county polling places for urban Indians, who testified in the suit to being made uncomfortable at most offices.

title: Walker River Indian Reservation


text: Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India


text:
User talk:Cranwell

Hello!
You accidentally wrote your new user information on the master page describing user pages, not on your own user page! (Don't feel bad, this sort of mistake is very easy to make here.) I reverted the master user page, and moved your text to your own user page, and you can further edit it there. Steve Summit 16:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cranwell


text:
Talk:William Borah

Untitled
The article says "the reduced gold content of the dollar". In fact he reduced it to zero, so this is very misleading. How about he approved "the confiscation of all US citzen held gold as ordered by Roosevelt via executive decree". That would be much more accurate.

Untitled 2
Elected in 1906 for the 1907-13 term. A member of the Republican National Committee in 1908-12, he denounced Taft's nomination in 1912.

Senator Borah opposed the policy of President Wilson in regard to the League of Nations.

He opposed the Four-Power Treaty, too.

In 1922, he influenced the Senate by attacking the plan to give a financial loan to the Negro Republic of Liberia. Passage of the loan failed in the Senate in September, 1922, in spite of President Harding's approval.

The Liberians exulted.

Along with Senator Barry M. Goldwater and a few others, Senator Borah was one of the most active U. S. Senators of the 20th century.

70.17.166.121 16:06, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The Navy appropriation bill of June 1, 1921 contains his proposal that disarmament ought to be enacted (he had proposed the adoption of a Constitutional amendment).

 * 141.151.190.148 06:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Who's Tom Romano?

Terminology Note: "Ratification" of Treaties
It is very common for people to speak of a treaty being ratified by the Senate. Technically, that is not true. In the United States, treaties are ratified by the President. Before the President may ratify a treaty, however, two-thirds of the Senators present and voting must "advise and consent to ratification." John Paul Parks (talk) 03:54, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Is this the exact quote?
"Lord, if I could only have talked to Hitler, all this might have been avoided" ? If so, we need a reference to it. Kingturtle (talk) 15:46, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

I just checked the citation for the Hitler quotation. It is a review of Marian McKenna's book on Borah. The reviewer is Donald R. McCoy and he does not mention Hitler or quote Borah at all. Probably, the quotation can be found in McKenna's book. I am going to check it later today. Mrbaker1917 (talk) 19:24, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

The source of this quotation appears to be Marian C. McKenna, Borah (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1961), p. 360. McKenna cites William K. Hutchinson, "News and Articles on the Life and Works of Hon. William E. Borah," Senate Document 150 (Washington, D.C., 1940), pp. 29-40. I have read the passage in McKenna, but not the Senate document itself. I should add that the only source on this quotation appears to be Hutchinson, who was "a staff correspondent for the International News Service" (McKenna, p. 257). I just noticed that the quotation is not exactly correct, at least not as quoted by McKenna. There it is "talked with Hitler," not "talked to Hitler" (p. 360). Mrbaker1917 (talk) 21:19, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

I have now accessed the source McKenna refers to concerning this famous quotation. The source is the Hutchinson publication mentioned in footnote 9, but it is not quite accurate. Here is the way Hutchinson quoted Borah: "Lord, if I could only have talked to Hitler -- all this might have been averted." I will change it on the page and give the exact citation in the note. The quotation means essentially the same thing; as a historian, though, I am circumspect of its authenticity. It was not uttered in public nor recorded by a public institution; it is hearsay, recorded by Hutchinson as he heard it. Borah had no opportunity to deny it, because he died before Hutchinson's piece was printed. As far as I have been able to determine, there is no other source for this quotation. Mrbaker1917 (talk) 20:43, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Great research work - this is the kind of thing Wikipedia needs more of. Korny O'Near (talk) 08:13, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

By the way, why is it better to refer to the veracity of the quote as "questionable" instead of "unknown"? That seems to imply a value judgment against Mr. Hutchinson. Korny O'Near (talk) 18:53, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Good question. I thought a lot about this. I think "questionable" is neutral, as neutral as any adjective in this context. All it means is that it is worth questioning the reliability of the quotation. In fact, I have done some more research on this since re-writing the sentence and am as a result even less certain that Borah actually said this. So, I think questionable is simply more accurate than unknown.--Mrbaker1917 (talk) 18:53, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

 * So which is it? Do you support "questionable" because it's neutral and doesn't imply any value judgment, or because it does imply a value judgment and thus is more accurate? Korny O'Near (talk) 19:35, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Cannot a word be both more accurate and relatively neutral?--Mrbaker1917 (talk) 00:38, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Sure, it's possible; I just still find your statement that "questionable" is a neutral and non-loaded term somewhat... questionable. Korny O'Near (talk) 12:02, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Very funny.--Mrbaker1917 (talk) 17:44, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

Hitler Quote clean up
Removed claims that can not be verified and were stated by commentators and are not verifiable facts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.185.216.10 (talk) 12:21, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

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An "In popular culture" section
William Borah was apparently the main character in a February 1963 episode of Death Valley Days. This information was added to the article in the last few days, but was then removed twice by an editor, who first said "I really don't think a fictionalized Borah is worth including" and then "we do not have "In popular culture" or trivia sections in FAs." I don't know what this means - there's no shortage of featured articles that contain an "In popular culture", "In fiction", etc. section, and some subjects of featured articles even have a separate article just for their cultural mentions/depictions. So I don't see any reason why this TV episode shouldn't get the same treatment. Korny O'Near (talk) 16:14, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Howis this significant to the reader wishing to learn about Borah, not a fictionalization of him? There's also WP: Citing IMDb to deal with ...--Wehwalt (talk) 18:14, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I'd say it's as significant as any of those other cultural depictions in the sections and pages I linked to. The episode is not being cited as a reference, so its veracity is to some extent irrelevant. Korny O'Near (talk) 21:00, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS. Just because a real person appears as a fictional character in a TV show, that does not mean it must be listed.--Wehwalt (talk) 21:12, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm aware of that essay, but surely the fact that so many articles, let alone featured articles, contain this kind of information means that the consensus view is that there's nothing wrong with pop culture references? At the very least, it negates one of your main rationales for removing this information. Korny O'Near (talk) 21:18, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I suspect most of them did not pass FAC in that form, but were added later.--Wehwalt (talk) 21:40, 12 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Maybe, maybe not. Anyway, if you don't like citing IMDb, there's a short snippet about that same episode on the TV Guide website. Korny O'Near (talk) 01:04, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

While the sourcing is a concern, I don't see why it is worth including at all. It was not mentioned (as I recall) in the bios of Borah I used. It does not seem very significant or worthy of inclusion. Same for any video game appearances, etc.--Wehwalt (talk) 08:16, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Support the view that it's rather of minor interest, - at least for me. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 09:17, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * If we're referring to Wikipedia essays, these objections all seem to be of the WP:IDONTLIKEIT variety, as opposed to anything substantial (no offense). Korny O'Near (talk) 15:37, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * It's just that it's not very significant to Borah. Some fictional depictions shape how we view a person. This just seems obscure.--Wehwalt (talk) 15:41, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't know what that means. Surely some people who saw that episode had their view of Borah shaped by it? Korny O'Near (talk) 15:42, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't known. I wasn't born yet. Could that be shown? Was there discussion of the episode anywhere, beyond the brief blurb in TV Guide?--Wehwalt (talk) 15:45, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * That's an inordinately high standard of proof. If every fact here had to be not only verified, but its importance verified, this encyclopedia would be more or less empty. Korny O'Near (talk) 16:06, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's a high standard for a FA to show that something is more than trivia.--Wehwalt (talk) 16:16, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * It depends on what you mean by "show". I think the fact that it was a full episode of a popular network TV show is more than enough indication of importance. Korny O'Near (talk) 16:18, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Well, that would follow from your original argument but hasn't gotten a lot of traction. I've made a number of suggestions.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:17, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

What, to find other references about this TV episode? That sounds like the work needed to create an article about the episode, not to just mention it somewhere. Korny O'Near (talk) 17:49, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

 * That would be the work needed to meet the consensus found in this RfC. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:35, 15 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I think the two sources found for this TV episode establish both the verifiability and significance of it for inclusion in this article. Certainly, the episode seems to fit all the criteria for inclusion listed in the WP:POPCULTURE essay. Korny O'Near (talk) 01:40, 17 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I think you need to show that, rather than simply asserting it.--Wehwalt (talk) 01:51, 17 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Show what - significance? Can you point to actual established criteria of significance of "in popular culture" entries that are not yet met by this one? Korny O'Near (talk) 02:23, 17 September 2018 (UTC)

Can someone explain the general resistance (I shouldn't really say general, but it's been more than one editor) to including the fact that there was a full-length TV episode about Borah in the 60s? If there were a full-length episode of a TV series today about some sitting U.S. senator, you can bet that this information would appear in the article about the senator, most likely before it even aired. Korny O'Near (talk) 16:35, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * For one thing, because it was not in Borah's lifetime and no secondary source says, to my knowledge, that it has affected his historical reputation. One episode is very trivial.--Wehwalt (talk) 17:33, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Not in the person's lifetime makes it less important? And a 30-minute episode of a TV show is trivial? Where are you getting these views? They don't seem to match anything in WP:POPCULTURE. Korny O'Near (talk) 18:19, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * We are arguing in circles, that is why I break off commenting. There is no obligation to argue with you forever, and ceasing to do so does not leave you as the last person standing. I disagree with the addition, and I have stated my reasons at considerable length.--Wehwalt (talk) 19:12, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't feel like we're arguing in circles at all. You've stated various reasons, I've shown some of them to be in error, and for the remaining ones I've asked you whether they're based on any guidelines or just your personal opinion, and so far you've refused to answer. Korny O'Near (talk) 20:01, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Except we've discussed policy and guidelines above.--Wehwalt (talk) 20:04, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't know what you mean by that - the only guidelines you've brought up are WP:Citing IMDb (no longer relevant here) and WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS. Korny O'Near (talk) 20:42, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I would suggest that it is time for both of us to step back and allow oxygen in the room for other voices to be heard.--Wehwalt (talk) 20:49, 20 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I've been hoping since the beginning to hear from others as well. Still, feel free to respond to my questions if you want. Korny O'Near (talk) 20:59, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

Child
Is Paulina Longworth Sturm Borah’s daughter or is her father Nick Longworth. According to find a grave etc. he is her daughter. Your thoughts? 2007DodgeRam (talk) 01:22, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

Borah's views on women's suffrage
In spite of the quality of this article, Borah's views on women's suffrage are entirely absent. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/People/Women/Part3_TheLastTrench.htm This source above does a good job at discussing it, should we add a new section for it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by PoliticallyPassionateGamer (talk • contribs) 00:47, 27 April 2022 (UTC)
 * There seem to be several sources on this. I’ll write something. Give me a few days.—Wehwalt (talk) 03:14, 27 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I know this reply is late, but thanks for adding it. :D PoliticallyPassionateGamer (talk) 21:29, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

1936 Presidential Campaign and Final Years - Proposed Substitute Amendment to the 14th Amendment
There has been so much interest in the 14th Amendment, and I came across this article that said that in 1937 Senator Borah proposed an Amendment. Philadelphia Inquirer article states that one of the changes in Amendment would have eliminated penalties against those that supported the Confederacy.

I don't really know enough about Senator Borah to include this addition to his wikipedia article, but I thought someone else could review it and integrate it because I am sure it would be of interest.￼ Lrgriffin3 (talk) 21:35, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Since it apparently went nowhere, I suspect there's nothing we can say. Interesting he took out the Insurrection Clause ... since the youngest people subject to it would be well in their nineties by then, I guess he thought it had no further applicability. Wehwalt (talk) 22:00, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:William Borah


text:
Edward Routh

Edward John Routh (20 January 1831 – 7 June 1907) was an English mathematician, noted as the outstanding coach of students preparing for the Mathematical Tripos examination of the University of Cambridge in its heyday in the middle of the nineteenth century. He also did much to systematise the mathematical theory of mechanics and created several ideas critical to the development of modern control systems theory.

Early life
Routh was born of an English father and a French-Canadian mother in Quebec, at that time the British colony of Lower Canada. His father's family could trace its history back to the Norman conquest when it acquired land at Routh near Beverley, Yorkshire. His mother's family, the Taschereau family, was well-established in Quebec, tracing their ancestry back to the early days of the French colony. His parents were Sir Randolph Isham Routh (1782–1858) and his second wife, Marie Louise Taschereau (1810–1891). Sir Randolph was Commissary General of the British Army 1826, Chairman of the Irish Famine Relief Commission (1845–48) and Deputy Commissary General, the senior Commissariat officer at the Battle of Waterloo, and Marie Louise was the daughter of Judge Jean-Thomas Taschereau and the sister of Judge Jean-Thomas and Cardinal Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau.

Routh came to England aged eleven and attended University College School and then entered University College, London in 1847, having won a scholarship. There he studied under Augustus De Morgan, whose influence led to Routh to decide on a career in mathematics.

Routh obtained his BA (1849) and MA (1853) in London. He attended Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he was taught by Isaac Todhunter and coached by "senior wrangler maker" William Hopkins. While at Peterhouse, Routh rowed for Peterhouse Boat Club. In 1854, Routh graduated just above James Clerk Maxwell, as Senior Wrangler, sharing the Smith's prize with him. Routh was elected fellow of Peterhouse in 1856.

Mathematics tutor
On graduation, Routh took up work as a private mathematics tutor in Cambridge and took on the pupils of William John Steele during the latter's fatal illness, though insisting that Steele take the fees. Routh inherited Steele's pupils, going on to establish an unbeaten record as a coach. He coached over 600 pupils between 1855 and 1888, 28 of them making Senior wrangler, as to Hopkins' 17 with 43 of his pupils winning Smith's Prize.

Routh worked conscientiously and systematically, taking rigidly timetabled classes of ten pupils during the day and spending the evenings preparing extra material for the ablest men. "His lectures were enlivened by mathematical jokes of a rather heavy kind."

Routh was a staunch defender of the Cambridge competitive system and despaired when the university started to publish examination results in alphabetical order, observing "They will want to run the Derby alphabetically next".

Private life
Astronomer Royal George Biddell Airy sought to entice Routh to work at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Though Airy did not succeed, at Greenwich Routh met Airy's eldest daughter Hilda (1840–1916) whom he married in 1864. At the time, the university had a celibacy requirement, forcing Routh to vacate his fellowship and move out of Peterhouse. On the reformation of the college statutes, removing the celibacy requirement, Routh was the first person elected to an honorary fellowship by Peterhouse. The couple had five sons and a daughter. Routh was a "kindly man and a good conversationalist with friends, but with strangers he was shy and reserved."

Honours

 * Fellow of the Royal Society, (1872);
 * Adams Prize, (1877).

Mechanics
Routh collaborated with Henry Brougham on the Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newton's Principia (1855). He published a textbook, Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies (1860, 6th ed. 1897) in which he did much to define and systematise the modern mathematical approach to mechanics. This influenced Felix Klein and Arnold Sommerfeld. In fact, Klein arranged the German translation. It also did much to influence William Thomson and Peter Guthrie Tait's Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867).

Routh noted the importance of what he called "absent coordinates," also known as cyclic coordinates or ignorable coordinates (following the terminology of E. T. Whittaker in his Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies). Such coordinates are associated with conserved momenta and as such are useful in problem solving. Routh also devised a new method for solving problems in mechanics. Although Routh's procedure does not add any new insights, it allows for more systematic and convenient analysis, especially in problems with many degrees of freedom and at least some cyclic coordinates.

Stability and control
In addition to his intensive work in teaching and writing, which had a persistent effect on the presentation of mathematical physics, he also contributed original research such as the Routh–Hurwitz theorem.

Central tenets of modern control systems theory relied upon the Routh stability criterion (though nowadays due to modern computers it is not as important), an application of Sturm's theorem to evaluate Cauchy indices through the use of the Euclidean algorithm.

Obituaries

 * The Times, 8 June 1907 (available at O'Connor & Robertson (2003))
 * Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 2nd ser., 5 (1907), xiv–xx;
 * Nature, 76 (1907), 200–02;
 * Cambridge Review, 13 June 1907, 480–81;
 * HHT, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 68 (1907–08), 239–41

About Routh

 * Sneddon, I. N. (1970–1990) "Routh, Edward John", in Gillispie, C. C. (ed.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York: Charles Screibner's Sons
 * Sneddon, I. N. (1970–1990) "Routh, Edward John", in Gillispie, C. C. (ed.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York: Charles Screibner's Sons
 * Sneddon, I. N. (1970–1990) "Routh, Edward John", in Gillispie, C. C. (ed.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York: Charles Screibner's Sons

title: Edward Routh