text:
Talk:Phi Ta Khon

Why merge?

 * So why would we want to merge articles about two completely different festivals, held in different places at different times? I'm a little puzzled. Mark1 07:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Phi Ta Khon


text:
Talk:European maritime exploration of Australia

Proposed merge
Strongly agreed, and happy to take on the job. I've had my eye on European Exploration of Australia anyway, as needing some actual text rather than just a list of names. --Skud 07:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I was actually going to place Portuguese Discovery of Australia (PDOA) on Votes for Deletion because it is largely speculative and fallacious (most probably motivated by some sort of Portuguese nationalism). However, seeing that you intended to develop European exploration of Australia, I thought some information could be milked from PDOA and used here. I've let it be for a while because it seemingly distracted a user who was claiming in the Australia article that the continent was discovered by Portugal. Contrary to PDOA's claims, most historians do not regard this to be true. Anyways, I monitor (almost) all Australian history article's, so I'll see if I can help you out in your efforts about-the-place.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 08:02, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, have taken what I like from PDOA... any thoughts on what I ended up with? I'd support a VfD on PDOA now, if you proposed it (though I'd grab a copy of that bibliography for myself first -- I am interested in the subject ;)) --Skud 08:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a great start. As for the bibliography of PDOA, I agree, it is worth recording somewhere. I am going to nominate it for deletion now.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 08:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with the VfD of PDOA. Only Nationalist Portuguese claim as fact the Portuguese discovery of Australia. Academic and scientific Portuguese History only recognizes, at maximum, that there might have been some sightings or coastal explorations and that there are no definitive and convincing proofs (even if some maps at the British Museum raise strange questions). This is just a big "Maybe". I believe the entry on Early European sightings is quite enough (particularly when there are articles on the Mahogany Ship and on the possible explorers). I've added the names of two of those explorers (articles yet to be written). The Ogre 12:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe a reference to the Dieppe Maps should be made. The Ogre 12:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I concur that reference to the Dieppe Maps be included in the article should a merger be supported--AYArktos 02:21, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I've created pages on the Dieppe maps and on George Collingridge, an early proponent of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, and linked them from the PDOA page. --Skud 12:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

What I've excluded
I have intentionally excluded the following categories of explorers from this article:

 * explorers of non-European heritage (eg Chinese, but also aboriginal people even when accompanying European expeditions)
 * explorers who explored the Pacific or New Zealand or Antarctica but not Australia itself
 * settlers who did not actually do any new exploring (eg John Batman)
 * government officials (eg Governors of the colonies) even if they instigated exploration

However, I've put a section on naturalists associated with the European exploration of Australia, so I see no strong reason why similar sections on settlers and government officials couldn't be put there if people felt it was a good idea. And John Batman at least is marginal... I need to know more about him.

--Skud 12:03, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Addition of maps
The table presentation of maps is not effective - it doesn't work with smaller screens. Could they please be more integreated with the text?--A Y Arktos\talk 12:10, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I've put the maps back without the captions at the moment, spread down the right side of the page. The major difficulty is the tabular style of a lot of the text. Anyone else want to turn the tables into prose? Or do we like tables for some reason? --Scott Davis Talk 12:08, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Removed disputed
Explorers of this period:

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by FrancisTyers (talk • contribs) 14 August 2006.
 * Cristóvão de Mendonça (disputed)
 * Gomes de Sequeira (highly disputed)
 * Luis Vaez de Torres (passed through Torres Strait in 1607, may have sighted Cape York)
 * Pedro Fernandes de Queiroz (disputed)

 * Since the definition of Australia probably extends to the TSI, I don't think that the inclusion of Torres is problematic in this article.--Peta 06:26, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd agree, Torres' voyage is not a disputed one, and it seems natural enough to include the TSI and the Strait as being associated with the Australian continent. He's also very often associated with the expl. of Aust. in historical works.--cjllw | TALK  07:51, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

John Price
Is he one of the persons called John Price listed on the disambiguation page or another one?--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 20:27, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

Land Exploration
Francis Cadell (explorer) did the Murray River, and NT, but did those explorations by clipper and steamer. Does this qualify him to be in the list as a land explorer, when he was on board a ship when all his discoveries were made, albeit it the most significant on an inland waterway? --Inas66 (talk) 22:26, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes - see your point. Do we mean "Inland explorers" ? Nickm57 (talk) 10:43, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Portuguese in Timor
An anon editor added mention of the Portuguese in Timor in the early 1500s on the grounds that it is "unfair to hold back Portugal's presence in Timor from 1512-onwards". I have reverted this, as this page is about european exploration of Australia.Nickm57 (talk) 23:35, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

What Contemporary Adventurers to include
I have deleted an edit regarding Louis-Philippe Loncke crossing the Simpson Desert because it lacked a reliable third party source. This raises an interesting question for me - to what extent are the activities of modern day adventurers appropriate here on this page? Part of the issue is that we now use the words explorer and adventurer interchangeably. For example, are all the people who now climb Mt Everest "Explorers" or are they "Adventurers"? Id be interested in other opinions and haven't fully developed a view myself.Nickm57 (talk) 23:27, 24 April 2011 (UTC)
 * There is some useful material for thought at Adventurer.Nickm57 (talk) 00:40, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I support the deletion. Loncke's crossing was probably a major achievement for him, but is not significant in the history of the desert.  Inclusion might have been justifiable if he had done it before the existence of satellite images of the desert and satellite navigation to guide him and satellite phones to summon assistance in emergency.  Or, for example, if he had written a learned paper on the flora or geology, but I've found no evidence of that. Apuldram (talk) 14:26, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux
Currently very litte mention of d'Entrecasteaux's expedition of 1792 in the article and his voyage is not shown on the exploration map, nor the table of explorations in the relevant areas. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.242.240.123 (talk) 23:57, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

Thijssen 1627 absent from map
The map does not include Thijssen's journey of 1627, in which much of the Bight was mapped. Indeed, this map gives the impression that the Bight was not explored until the Flinders journey of 1800. Ordinary Person (talk)
 * First, the map can't show any explorer of Australia, because of limited space and lost legibility. Second, look at the article of François Thijssen. One broken link and two sources without any map source. Greetings Lencer (talk) 06:38, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

What improvements need to be made to the lede?
User Zingvin has made a number of edits to this page and History of Australia, all appear to be designed to further emphasize the importance Dutch exploration of Australia, although it’s difficult to tell, as they are almost all made without an edit summary. So Zingvin – now that several editors including me have reverted your edits - please explain here what improvements need to be made to this article, and why? Nickm57 (talk) 09:23, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

I'm not a kind of troublemaker. The Dutch did not steal/plunder the achievements of the Portuguese, the Spanish, the French, or the British. The historical importance of Dutch exploration of Australia is undisputed. But I think for the national interest (or national self-respect) that many people do not want to admit it. Zingvin (talk) 04:58, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

 * What do you mean "for the national interest"? Nickm57 (talk) 06:02, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I left this page alone for a day in the hope User Zingvin would explain what changes they feel are needed, and why. I also left a prompt on the user’s page inviting comment. Unfortunately, if the only reason for Zingvin’s constant changes is to advance the “national interest”, as above, that’s seriously in conflict with the WP policy of NPV.

 * Just for the record Zingvin, again, please 1) write an edit summary for each edit, 2) provide inline citations to reliable sources for claims (such as the “Dutch charted almost three-quarters of Australia's coastline”) and 3) follow WP policies regarding linking. Much of the linking currently being done sends readers around in eye-watering circles.

 * There is also no need to repeat the same point several times in the opening paragraph of this article. The idea of the lead para is to succinctly introduce the topic, which it now does.Nickm57 (talk) 10:17, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

Pro-Portuguese hypothesis and theories
I propose to edit the article only to change the title of point 1 from 'Pro-Iberian hypothesis and theories' to 'Pro-Portuguese hypothesis and theories': as a matter of fact, this point 1 tackles hypothesis and theories related ONLY and SPECIFICALLY to the Portuguese, not the Spaniards, so it should not be titled generically 'Pro-Iberian hypothesis and theories', as Iberian refers to Spanish and Portuguese jointly. Therefore, this correction makes the title more precise and reflects best the content of the point. 85.243.86.207 (talk) 10:16, 16 April 2018 (UTC) José Ramos-Ascensão
 * Yes, so you keep on claiming. But you obviously haven't read the whole paragraph. The paragraph DOES include reference to what was once a very popular theory about the Spanish. However, rather than get into an edit war with a nationalism-inspired anon editor, what do others regular editors think? Nickm57 (talk) 10:40, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

I'm sorry, but there are no paragraphs under the title 'Pro-Iberian hypothesis and theories' with any reference to the Spanish. So it is inappropriate to label this edition as one made by a nationalist-inspired editor (who, by the way, is not a regular editor but is not an anon editor either, as the comment has been signed). The edition is envisaging precision, nothing else. 85.243.86.207 (talk) 11:37, 16 April 2018 (UTC) José Ramos
 * "In the early 20th century, Lawrence Hargrave argued that Spain had established a colony in Botany Bay in the 16th century." Nickm57 (talk) 20:29, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

Frans Thijsz
I recommend adding the journey of Thijsz to the map of " Selected voyages of exploration by Europeans to 1812". He mapped the Bight about 180 years before Dampier got there.Ordinary Person (talk) 03:28, 8 November 2019 (UTC)

Eighteenth Century
Hello all

I have removed some speculative and controversial material on James Cook's first voyage and replaced it with factual material generally accepted among Cook scholars. Specifically I have deleted:

"Here in the Dutch port, Cook learnt that the French navigator Louis Bougainville had sailed across the Pacific the previous year. This was a period of intense Anglo-French rivalry and so, as a precaution, Cook re-wrote an earlier entry in his journal. In its final version, it states that when he was in Torres Strait at Possession Island on 22 August 1770, he claimed the east coast of New Holland for King George III and named it New South Wales.. However, the Admiralty's instructions did not authorized Cook to annex New Holland (Australia) and therefore it is unlikely that any possession ceremony occurred that August. Importantly, Joseph Banks, who was standing beside Cook, does not mention any such episode or announcement in his journal."

There is abundant documentary evidence that Cook claimed possession of the east coast of New Holland on Possession Island on 22 August 1770 and this is the established view among professional historians. It seems odd to argue that Admiralty instructions prevented Cook from making a formal claim to the east coast on Possession Island but didn't prevent him from making a fake claim a few weeks later. Although Banks does not mention the possession claim in his journal it is mentioned in Cook's journal, the ship's log, James Matra's unauthorised account and in Banks's Grey Manuscript. Parkinson, who was on the Endeavour at the time, also reports that Cook raised a jack - that is, a British flag which is a sign of a claim of possession. I think a Wikipedia article on James Cook needs to rely on established facts rather than speculative theories. A good recent scholarly account of Cook's first voyage can be found in John Molony's Captain James Cook: Claiming the Great South Land. Happy to discuss. --Aemilius Adolphin (talk) 10:08, 10 March 2020 (UTC)

Jan Fransz - Leeuwin (1621)
What of the mapping of the South West coast by VOC captained by Jan Fransz?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwin_(1621) 2003:C3:374E:4EBA:2D81:A3B9:4730:554F (talk) 10:34, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Replying to my own message just to add this link which first prompted me to investigate the topic further. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Globe_Coronelli_Map_of_New_Holland.jpg 2003:C3:374E:4EBA:2D81:A3B9:4730:554F (talk) 10:43, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: File:WagesOfSinCover.jpg

title: File:WagesOfSinCover.jpg


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Huairou, Beijing

Huairou District is situated in northern Beijing about 50 km from the city center (about a 1½ to 2 hour drive).

History
In 1995 during the United Nation's 4th World's Women Conference in Beijing, the Civil Society community was forced to meet in the Huairou district, an hour from the official proceedings, leading to a great deal of discontent, as many of the non-governmental actors present felt marginalized. In a tent at the Civil Society Village established especially for poor, grassroots women at the conference (organized by GROOTS International), the Huairou Commission, a registered non-governmental organization with a global secretariat in Brooklyn, NY, was established to ensure that grassroots women would have a voice at subsequent UN conferences and in other development processes.

Also in 1995, film industry began to develop in Yangsong, a town in the southeast of Huairou. China Film Group Corporation built its studio in Huairou in 2005.

In 2014, another international conference was held in Huairou: the APEC China 2014.

Geography
Huairou District covers an area of 2557.3 km2, 90 percent of which is mountainous area. Because of its 69% forest cover, the district is known as the natural "oxygen bar" of Beijing. In addition, it boasts a rich combination of plant, animal and tourism resources. Therefore, Huairou is of great importance to Beijing in ensuring the environmental quality and the ecosystem of the capital city.

Administrative divisions
There are 2 subdistricts, 12 towns with 3 towns of which carry the "area" (地区) label, and 2 ethnic townships in the district:. Huairou's urban area (112,662 in township) has an estimated area of 11.5 km2 and an estimated population of 90,000.

Economy
Its major agricultural products are chestnuts, walnuts, hawthorns, sweet pears, and apricots.

Tourism
The Great Wall of China runs through the district and some of the choicest tourist sections are located in the district. The portion known as Mutianyu is one of the most popular sections of the Great Wall for tourists. The Lakeside Great Wall in Huanghuacheng village, Jiuduhe is another tourist section known for the proximity of the Great Wall to man-made reservoir and even parts of the Great Wall are submerged under the lake water.

Another tourist attraction is Hong Luo Mountain on which the Hong Luo Temple is located.

Film-related attractions are aggregated in Yangsong, including China Film Group studio, Stellar Megamedia studio and Beijing Vintage Car Museum.

title: Huairou, Beijing


text:
Robert L. Carroll

Robert "Bob" Lynn Carroll   (May 5, 1938 – April 7, 2020) was an American–Canadian vertebrate paleontologist who specialised in Paleozoic and Mesozoic amphibians and reptiles.

Biography
Carroll was an only child and grew up on a farm near Lansing, Michigan. He was introduced to paleontology by his father shortly after his fifth birthday, and by the time he was eight he had decided he wanted to be a vertebrate paleontologist. In that same year he received as a Christmas present the left femur of an Allosaurus, courtesy of Edwin H. Colbert, whom his father had told about his interest. In his teen years his parents took him on many fossil hunting trips to Wyoming and South Dakota.

After high-school, he went to Michigan State University, where he received a B.Sc. in 1959, majoring in Geology. From there he went to Harvard University where he studied biology and palaeontology under Alfred Sherwood Romer for his M.A. (1961) and Ph.D. degrees (1963); Carroll was Romer's last student. His doctoral thesis dealt with what is now known as Dissorophoidea, a group of Paleozoic amphibians that are often considered the closest relatives of present day amphibians,  although they may also be stem-tetrapods if lissamphibians instead arose from within Lepospondyli.

After obtaining his Ph.D., Carroll held a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at Redpath Museum at McGill University in Montreal (1962-1963), and then a National Science Foundation (NSF) postdoctoral position at the Natural History Museum in London. During this time, he studied tetrapod remains from the Pennsylvanian lycopod “tree stumps” at Joggins, Nova Scotia (a variety of temnospondyls, microsaurs, and basal amniotes). Most of this material was collected and first studied by Sir William Dawson, the first Principal of McGill University, in the nineteenth century.

Returning from London, in 1964 Carroll joined the permanent staff of McGill University as curator of geology at the Redpath Museum and became the curator of vertebrate paleontology the following year. At McGill, he was an assistant professor of zoology from 1964 to 1969, an associate professor of biology from 1969-1974, a full professor from 1974 onwards, and was appointed Strathcona Professor of Zoology in 1987. From 1985 to 1991 he was director of the Redpath Museum. He was an active professor until 2003, after which he was an emeritus professor.

Carroll died on April 7, 2020, in Westmount, Quebec, of complications from COVID-19. He was survived by his wife, Anna Di Turi, a retired business school teacher, and his one child, David and granddaughter Juliette.

Scientific research
Carroll was a prolific publisher and studied numerous major topics within paleontology and vertebrate evolution. He is best known for his work addressing the origins and early evolution of amphibians  and reptiles   and published extensively on lepospondyls,   which have been variably considered as ancestors of amphibians or early reptiles. In a related vein, he also published numerous summary articles examining the evolution of tetrapods on land. He is also well published on marine reptiles.

He also published a number of books, including Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (1988), which remains a seminal textbook, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution (1997), and The Rise of Amphibians: 365 Million Years of Evolution (2009). He coauthored another textbook, Paleontology (1998), and a volume of the Handbook of Paleoherpetology on lepospondyls (1998). He also edited a volume of the Amphibian Biology series on the evolutionary history of amphibians (2000).

Carroll contributed to naming an extensive number of new species, outlined below: Several taxa are named after Carroll, including the teleost fish Mahengecharax carrolli, the 'microsaurs' Bolterpeton carrolli (now a synonym of the parareptile Delorhynchus) and Carrolla craddocki, and the captorhinid Opisthodontosaurus carrolli. He was honored with a festschrift in 2003.

Carroll was awarded a large number of awards, including the Charles Schuchert Award of the Paleontological Society (1978), of which he was one of the first recipients, the Elkanah Billings Medal of the Geological Association of Canada (1991), the Willet G. Miller Medal of the Royal Society of Canada (2001), of which he was made an honorary member in 1993, and the Romer-Simpson Medal of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (2004), the society's most prestigious honor, and was appointed a member of the Order of Canada (2019). Carroll also served as the president of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology from 1982 to 1983. The Canadian Society of Vertebrate Paleontology's Carroll Prize is named after Carroll.

Carroll is often credited with being the "father of Canadian vertebrate paleontology" because many contemporary Canadian paleontologists can trace their graduate training back to him. Carroll supervised numerous graduate students, many of whom went on to lead their own successful research labs, including Jason Anderson (University of Calgary), Michael Caldwell (University of Alberta), Philip Currie (University of Alberta), and Robert Reisz (University of Toronto).

title: Robert L. Carroll


text:
Wages of Sin

Wages of Sin is the fourth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy. It is the first Arch Enemy album to feature the vocals of Angela Gossow, and their first to feature a female vocalist. It is also their first album recorded in C tuning, starting a trend which continues across their discography. Wages of Sin was released on 25 April 2001 in Japan, but the European and American releases were delayed until 18 March 2002.

Reception
Wages of Sin was well received by most critics, who praised the new singer Angela Gossow. Blake Jessop of Blistering said that she handles the vocals on the album expertly. But he wrote that "while less diverse than Liiva, the diminutive German's more traditional death metal style gives Wages an uncommonly brutal, if slightly less creative air." Jessop also states the album "musically, it is predictably brilliant".

Dennis of Lords of Metal said that "the female vocals by Angela Gossow are a remarkable performance" and that it was a big improvement compared to the former singer Johan Liiva. Jeff of Metal Storm stated that "with Wages of Sin, Arch Enemy delivers to us one of the best albums of the year 2002 and proves us by the same opportunity that girls are not relegated to only sing in atmospheric and gothic metal."

Ty Brookman and Jon Eardley of Metal Review was surprised with the Gossow vocals. Brookman commented that when he heard that Arch Enemy would a female singer, his first reaction was "career suicide", but after to listen to the album, he changed his mind stating that "Gossow delivers a vocal tirade that rivals any male vocalist." Brookman praised the band, however, he said about the album that there are elements that seem lacking in a few places. Eardley said that this album has "one of the best vocal performances of 2001" and that it "is a true masterpiece."

Chris Flaaten of Chronicles of Chaos wrote that "the album has their best production to date and variety is abundant" and that the band found what they needed in Gossow. Despite Serge Regoor of Archaic Magazine states that her voice sounds great, he comments that "actually the vocals are much better too, but they are still not as good compared to the guitarwork."

Haavard Holm of Tartarean Desire praised the band writing that it "has capacities beyond the normal" and stated that "Wages of Sin is simply so well done in all ways, that it will be hard for any band to overcome this album in this genre." Another critic of Tartarean Desire, Vincent Eldefors, praised the singer Angela Gossow stating that she is one of the best lead vocalists in extreme metal along ex-Opera IX Cadaveria. Adam Bregman of AllMusic wrote that Gossow "is just the right touch to add to a band who ranks among metal's most progressive and unique outfits."

Blabbermouth.net's Borivoj Krgin praised the production of the album calling it "most impressive production job out of all the Arch Enemy albums." El Cid of Metal Rules praised the band stating that "this is arpeggio heaven amongst other things, the drumming is tight, the bass is excellent and the guitars are simply magnificent."

Jeff of Metal Storm liked of quality of the production and praised the songs and the musicians calling it of "simply excellent" and "simply brilliant", respectively. He said that "the Amott brothers are certainly among the best guitarists of today's metal scene."

Accolades
Wages of Sin won a Burrn! magazine award in the category Best Album.

Track listing
Writing credits adapted from album booklet.

All lyrics written by Michael Amott, except where noted; all music written by Christopher Amott and Michael Amott, except where noted.

The first pressing of this album contains a bonus CD titled A Collection of Rare & Unreleased Songs from the Arch Enemy Vault. These songs feature the band's previous vocalist, Johan Liiva.

Arch Enemy

 * Angela Gossow – vocals
 * Michael Amott – guitars, production, layout
 * Christopher Amott – guitars
 * Sharlee D'Angelo – bass
 * Daniel Erlandsson – drums

Production

 * Fredrik Nordström − production, engineering
 * Arch Enemy − engineering
 * Per Wiberg − Mellotron, grand piano, keyboards
 * Johan Liiva – vocals (on second disc)
 * Andy Sneap – mixing, mastering
 * Cabin Fever Media − artwork, layout
 * Branko − band photography
 * Adde − band photography

title: Wages of Sin


text:
R. Sankar

Raman Sankar (30 April 1909 – 7 November 1972) was an Indian politician, statesman, administrator,orator, educationist, writer and editor who served as the 3rd Chief Minister of Kerala from 1962 to 1964.

Early life
He was born to Raman Panicker and Kunchaliamma on 30 April 1909 in Kuzhikkalidavaka village in Puthoor, Kollam district. He did his formal education in the Puthoor Primary School and later continued in an English School in Kottarakkara. In 1924, he joined Maharajas College (present University College) to gain a degree in Chemistry. He also worked as a teacher for a short span of time before he moved to the Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram in 1933.

His appointment as principal of Sivagiri High School made him associate with the activities of the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Yogam). He talked about the social injustice prevalent in those days, particularly the discriminatory attitude shown towards backward class communities, and also equal opportunities for backward classes.

As the leader of SNDP Yogam and Congress
Having started public life as a teacher and lawyer, he was drawn to freedom movement and became an active member of the Indian National Congress in Travancore State. After India’s independence he focused his attention on strengthening the Congress party.

Later, he took a break from the Congress party and began to work in the SNDP Yogam. During his long association with the SNDP Yogam of over 13 years, he served as its General Secretary for over a span of 10 years and President and Chief of the SN Trust. Under his leadership the SNDP Yogam gave emphasis to the field of education and started many educational institutions. SNDP Yogam celebrated its Golden Jubilee year while Sankar was the General Secretary in 1953. As part of a year-long celebration he organised an Exhibition in Kollam which is marked in the history of the State as 'SNDP Kanaka Jubilee'. Sankar returned to the Congress and was elected to the Travancore-Cochin State Assembly in 1948 and stayed as a member of the State Assembly from 1949 to 1956. Sankar was a member of the Constituent Assembly and also member of the Franchise and Delimitation Commission and the Reforms Committee constituted after the introduction of the Responsible Government.

He led the Congress party as Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC) President during the Vimochana Samaram (Liberation Struggle) in 1958. The Congress won the elections in 1960 under R. Sankar’s leadership. Though Congress gained majority of seats in the Elections of 1960 to the Kerala Legislative Assembly, Pattom Thanupillai of the Praja Socialist Party was given the Chief Ministership (CM) and Sankar became the Deputy Chief Minister in the Pattom Thanupillai ministry. He handled the portfolio of Finance from 1960 to 1962 when he was the Deputy CM. R. Sankar became the Chief Minister of Kerala when Pattom Thanupillai was appointed Governor of Punjab State. He was in the chair from 26 September 1962 to 10 September 1964. He had to resign and dismiss the Government under his leadership when a No-confidence motion was passed in the Assembly. He brought about many economic reforms while handling the finance portfolio. He served as the Chairman of the Committee of Privileges from 1960 to 1964.

Sankar died at the age of 63 on 7 November 1972. The Assembly paid its homage to him on 13 November 1972.

Political retirement
R. Sankar contested the general elections held in 1965 to the Kerala Legislative Assembly but was defeated. He thus stepped back from active politics and concentrated in starting and implementing Educational Institutions for SNDP Yogam by settling back in Kollam. At that time he started the Sree Narayana Medical Mission under the SN Trust for giving away free treatment. The first hospital under the mission was started in Kollam, the hospital is also known on his name 'Sankars Hospital' which is now a multispeciality hospital. The body of Sankar was also laid to rest in the Hospital compound as a tribute to his service. He was the President of the Committee which erected the statue of poet Kumaranasan in Thiruvananthapuram.

title: R. Sankar


text:
Daxing, Beijing

Daxing District is a district of Beijing, covering the southern suburbs of the city. It borders the Beijing districts of Tongzhou to the east/northeast, Fangshan to the west, Fengtai to the northwest, Chaoyang to the northeast, and the Hebei province to the south.

History
The Daxing Massacre of August 27-31, 1966 during the Cultural Revolution resulted in the deaths of at least 325 people, ranging in age from 38 days to 80 years.

Daxing District was upgraded from a county to a district with the approval from the State Council on April 30, 2001. Covering an area of 1012 km2 with a population of 671,444, Panggezhuang in Daxing is famous for its watermelons.

Administrative divisions
In 2021, there are 8 subdistricts, 14 towns with 5 towns of which carry the "area" label in the district, and 4 analogous township-level units:

Culture
Located in the south of Beijing, the area is not as affluent as those that most visitors to Beijing are familiar with, such as Xidan and Guomao. Much of the industry in Daxing is related to distribution of food and consumer goods to service Beijing. There are many self-built communities casually created by the residents themselves, mostly of whom have moved in from the countryside.

Government and infrastructure
The Beijing Municipal Administration of Prisons operates the following correctional facilities in the district:
 * Beijing Municipal Prison
 * Beijing Women's Prison

Economy
Additionally Okay Airways, and Xiabu Xiabu have their headquarters in Daxing District.

Education
There are two major universities located in Daxing District, the Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology and the Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication. Both of them are headquartered in Qingyuan Subdistrict (清源), and have its branch in Kangzhuang (康庄). Qingyuan and Kangzhuang are planned as a university town in Daxing District. The Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing is also located in the district.

National Seminary of Catholic Church in China is in Daxing District.

Transportation
It was decided in 2009 that Daxing would be the location of the Beijing Daxing International Airport. It was constructed in the southern part of Daxing District of Beijing and along the border of Beijing and Hebei Province. The airport was opened in September 2019.

Metro
Daxing is currently served by four metro lines of the Beijing Subway:

 * BeijingMTRicon.svg - Xihongmen, Gaomidian North, Gaomidian South, Zaoyuan, Qingyuanlu, Huangcun Xidajie, Huangcun Railway Station, Yihezhuang, Biomedical Base, Tiangongyuan
 * - Jiugong, Yizhuangqiao, Yizhuang Culture Park, Wanyuanjie, Rongjingdongjie, Rongchangdongjie
 * BeijingMTROA.svg -
 * BeijingMTROA.svg -

Climate
Daxing has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Daxing is 12.9 C. The average annual rainfall is 533.5 mm with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 26.8 C, and lowest in January, at around -3.2 C.

title: Daxing, Beijing


text:
Theodore Roethke Memorial Poetry Prize

The Theodore Roethke Memorial Poetry Prize is an American poetry prize given once every three years since being established in 1967.

The Theodore Roethke Memorial Poetry Prize has been offered in Saginaw, Michigan, since 1965. It is now administered by Saginaw Valley State University. This prize is sometimes confused with the Poetry Northwest Theodore Roethke Poetry Prize and the Theodore Roethke Memorial Poetry Readings held annually at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Winners

 * Howard Nemerov (1968, for The Blue Swallows)
 * Robert Penn Warren (1971, for Incarnations: Poems 1966-1968)
 * Donald Finkel (1974, for Adequate Earth)
 * Richard Hugo (1976, for What Thou Lovest Well, Remains American)
 * John Ciardi (1986, for The Birds of Pompeii)
 * Carolyn Kizer (1988, for The Nearness of You)
 * Kimiko Hahn (1995, for Earshot)
 * Frank Bidart (1998, for Desire)
 * Sherrod Santos (2002, for The Pilot Star Elegies)
 * Carl Phillips (2005, for The Rest of Love)
 * Robert Pinsky (2008, for Gulf Music)
 * David Baker (2011, for Never-Ending Birds)
 * Tim Seibles (2014, for Fast Animal)

title: Theodore Roethke Memorial Poetry Prize


text:
Talk:Duffel coat

Needs a photo, some history, originally military clothing ?, esp marine

Dead Poets Society - I think they wore duffle coats.

Doctor Who - Seventh Doctor as played by Sylvester McCoy wore one of the mentioned camel coloured duffle coats.

Title
Since the name derives from Duffel and the two spellings are interchangeable, I'd have thought that the article should be at Duffel coat. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.176.82.42 (talk) 20:02, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Would be interested to know how it ended up here, I've never come across the duffle spelling. Is this a UK/US thing? EJBH (talk) 01:21, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

"Genuine Duffel"
Is there actually such a thing as "genuine duffel" nowadays? Is it not simply coarse woollen cloth? Or is there actually a product called "duffel" that is still made in the eponymous town and marketed as such?

My duffel coat, which is a Gloverall 512c classic and as authentic as they come (for a contemporary duffle coat at least), is 80% wool and 20% nylon.Spiridens (talk) 00:47, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

NPOV
This article, at times, reads like a Gloverall advertisement. Something ought to be done about this. Thomasmilliken (talk) 05:55, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Montgomery
The article currently reads:
 * ''Field Marshal Montgomery was a famous wearer of the coat, as a means of identifying himself with his troops, leading to another nickname, "Monty coat".

This immediately struck me as dubious because when I picture Bernard Montgomery, I picture various kinds of military wear, but not a duffle coat. It is certainly true that Montgomery was famous and it is apparently also true that he wore a duffle coat on a few occasions. But it was not a typical attire of his. There are probably thousands of photographs of him, but I find it hard to find more than two or three that show him wearing a duffle coat. So it seems rather more likely that the coat was named after him because his name was used as a shorthand for the British military leadership. Or whatever else – but not because he wore the coat. The sentence is sourced to an Italian fashion school, but the link does not work anymore. I believe that is not a credible source for such a historical statement, or certainly not sufficient in the light of the reasons to doubt the claim I have outlined. --SKopp (talk) 20:45, 27 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Note that the Italian version of this wikipedia article of course uses the Italian name for the garment, which is il montgomery 91.84.112.39 (talk) 21:23, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duffel coat


text:
User talk:Maurice2~enwiki

Just introducing myself, I am a 74 year old widower, no family, & very few relations still living, I like to surf the Net, being retired many years now, & having loads of time on my hands, so would like to talk to members, possibly those who are in a similar situation to me,....any takers?? Maurice

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Maurice2. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Maurice2~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:42, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:05, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Maurice2~enwiki


text:
Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg

Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, (20 January 1573 –13 May 1627) was a Danish nobleman.

Alexander was born in Sønderborg (German: Sonderburg) in Schleswig, the third son of John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen. Because his elder surviving brother chose Ærø as his seat, Alexander received Sønderborg upon their father's death and was in practice its second duke. Alexander died in Sønderborg.

Marriage and issue
Alexander married Dorothea of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, daughter of John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, on 26 November 1604 in Oldenburg. They had eleven children:

 * John Christian (26 April 1607 – 28 June 1653)
 * Alexander Henry (12 September 1608 – 5 September 1657)
 * Ernest Günther (14 October 1609 – 18 January 1689)
 * George Frederick (18 December 1611 – 23 August 1676)
 * August Philipp (11 November 1612 – 6 May 1675)
 * Adolph (2 November 1613 – 1 February 1616), died young
 * Anna Elisabeth (5 February 1615 – 19 February 1616), died young
 * William Anton (2 April 1616 – 2 April 1616), died soon after birth
 * Sophie Katharina (28 June 1617 – 22 November 1696), wife of Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg
 * Eleonore Sabine (27 February 1619 – 27 February 1619), died soon after birth
 * Philip Louis (27 October 1620 – 10 March 1689)


text:
Buncheong

Buncheong, or punch'ong, ware is a traditional form of Korean stoneware, with a blue-green tone. Pieces are coated with white slip (ceramics), and decorative designs are added using a variety of techniques. This style originated in the 15th century and continues in a revived form today.

History
Buncheong is a contemporary term for a specific type of traditional Korean stoneware that developed in the 15th century, during the Joseon Dynasty, as Goryeo celadon techniques and subject matter evolved. Buncheong ware developed from the earlier Goryeo celadon inlay technique called sanggam and rapidly distinguished itself. In contrast to the refined elegance of Goryeo celadon, buncheong is designed to be natural, unassuming, and practical. This style is characterized by its pale blue-green color and decorative techniques, which involved shaping the clay and then covering it in white slip (ceramics) and decorating it by carving, stamping, and brushwork.

Buncheong style initially lasted for a little over a century in Korea. In its heyday, buncheong ware pieces were exported to Japan by practitioners of the Japanese tea ceremony. The Japanese invasions in the 1590s caused extensive economic devastation to Joseon-era Korea, including the development of the ceramic industry. Hundreds of Korean ceramic artisans were killed or abducted, and taught the Japanese to produce their own porcelain, causing the simplification and decline of native Korean ceramics. It all but disappeared from Korea after the 16th century, partially due to the popularity of Joseon white porcelain. While the production of buncheong ware in Korea declined and was outpaced by porcelain, stoneware featuring buncheong-derived aesthetic elements continued to be produced in Japan, where it became known as Mishima pottery, simultaneously with porcelain. In Japan the two were seen as separate forms of expression, neither substituting for the other.

Buncheong style continued to be used in Japan as tea ceremony ware, but only experienced a revival in Korea in the 20th century. Also during the 20th century, elements of buncheong's aesthetics reached Europe and the United States through Bernard Leach, Shoji Hamada, and other artists who were knowledgeable in Asian ceramic traditions. Buncheong continues to inspire artists, and both Japanese and Korean artists work with buncheong techniques.

The National Museum of Korea houses a large collection of buncheong ware, as well as the Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art in Seoul.

Characteristics
Buncheong is characterized by the use of dark, iron-bearing clay covered in white slip and a clear glaze. Various methods can be used to apply decoration and pigment on the slip or draw through the slip to reveal the dark clay beneath it.

Buncheong is distinct from other forms of Korean ceramic ware, such as Goryeo celadon and Joseon white porcelain, in various ways which are more related to aesthetics and underlying sentimentality than to technique. Its unconventional beauty is easily distinguished from the elegance of its celadon precursor and the simplicity of white porcelain, setting it apart as a uniquely Korean style. Korean ceramics generally featured only one primary pigment and favored more subtle expression than those found in China and Japan, and the subject matter and composition of buncheong was more whimsical and lyrical, reminiscent of modern abstract works, with free-spirited decorative motifs. These motifs were originally derived from Goryeo era celadon but changed dramatically as buncheong ware developed throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. Flowers, such as peonies, chrysanthemums, and lotuses, as well as animals, both real and imagined, were important design elements and motifs in buncheong ware, as they were important symbols related to belief systems such as Confucianism.

Buncheong incorporated carving and stamping as decorative elements, slip inlay, sgraffito, brushwork, iron painting, and later brushing and sipping pieces in white slip. Regional differences in style and technique developed quickly, such as inhwa, with designs being stamped onto the surface and these stamped areas being covered with white slip; cheolhwa, applying designs with a brown underglaze to pieces covered with white slip; and johwa, a sgraffito style in which a piece is covered in white slip and designs are then etched onto the surface. As the style evolved, it reflected the changing culture surrounding it. As metals such as gold, silver, and bronze became scarce due to Ming Dynasty China's tribute demands, ceremonial vessels once made from those metals were manufactured using clay instead, copying the shapes and aesthetics of the original metal vessels. The nature of the surface decorations shifted from finer, more delicate decoration as was typical of the Goryeo period, to a looser and more abstract style which was more lively, informal, and experimental as craftsmen experienced a change in patronage to local and regional customers rather than governmental.

Gallery by techniques
There are six main techniques in buncheong ware: guiyal, inhwa, bakji, eumgak, cheolhwa and damgeum.

title: Buncheong


text:
Talk:Buncheong

Clarification of Terminology
In the chart showing the different types of decoration, there is possibly inaccuracy and poorly defined terminology. Several of the terms towards the end are not defined at all. Also the term "bakji" is described in other sources (MET museum primer of white porcelains of the Joseon Era) as Baekja and refers to white porcelain and NOT slipped Buncheong stoneware. Other sources (Korean Ceramics, the Beauty of Natural Forms. KF Essentials No11) states that sgraffito buncheong is called Johwa and not Bakji. This article would definitely benefit from attention of an expert on this subject. 209.93.146.80 (talk) 12:12, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buncheong


text:
Gwangju Metro Line 1

Gwangju Metro Line 1 is a rapid transit line in Gwangju, South Korea, operated by the Gwangju Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation (GRTC, or Gwangju Metro). It connects Nokdong station in Dong-gu at its eastern terminus to Pyeongdong station in Gwangsan-gu in the west, via the central business district and Gwangju Airport. On maps, it is designated by teal ( ● ).

The line began operations in 2004, making Gwangju the fifth South Korean city with a rapid transit system.

History

 * August 28, 1996: Ground breaking ceremony for the Line 1
 * April 28, 2004: Line 1 partially opened (Nokdong ↔ Sangmu)
 * April 11, 2008: Line 1 fully opened (Nokdong ↔ Pyeongdong)

Stations
As of 2021 Line 1 consists of twenty stations. Most trains operate between Pyeongdong and Sotae, with about one service per hour continuing to Nokdong station.

All stations are in Gwangju.

Plan to extend Line 1
The Gwangju City Government has a plan to extend the current Line 1 southward to Hwasun and northward to Naju. Recently, the Presidential Committee on Balanced National Development promised to include the Line 1 extension in its '5+2 extensive economic zone' project.

title: Gwangju Metro Line 1


text:
Talk:Gwangju Metro Line 1

Hwajeong Station
The list of station mentions Hwajeong Station, which is actually located in Seoul, not Gwangju. If there is a Hwajeong Station in Gwangju (the exact same name as the one in Seoul), the link in the article leads to the station at Seoul, which I find very misleading. Someone should do something about the link and the station list on the article. NHRHS2010 | Talk to me  17:40, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Gwangju Metro Line 1


text:
ADSM

ADSM may refer to

 * ad sectam, legal term
 * ADSL Mobile, Italian mobile telecommunications company
 * Abu Dhabi Securities Market, stock exchange in the UAE
 * Active disassembly using smart materials, developing technology for re-use of materials
 * Active Duty Service Member, Full-time occupation within a military force
 * Adstar Distributed Storage Manager, an IBM data protection platform
 * Air Defense Suppression Missile, variant of the Stinger surface-to-air missile
 * American Defense Service Medal, military award established by Franklin D. Roosevelt
 * A political party in the November 1946 French legislative election in Algeria

title: ADSM


text:
User:Who/Discussion log/Image copyrights

Image:Kane Gang.jpg
with Carolaman

Thank you for uploading Image:Kane Gang.jpg. Its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. Please leave a note on the image page about the source of the image. See Image copyright tags, for a list of copyright tags, that you can use. If you created this/these image(s) yourself, you can use the tag. Thank you. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 08:13, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:Jake2002.jpg
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Image:Reservor.gif
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Image:Hk22.gif
with Arbiteroftruth

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''This photo is widely used on the internet, so I don't think there is any copyright issues. Besides, I do believe these pictures are in the public domain now.''

 * Hi, thanks for your response. In order for Wikipedia to cover itself, all images have to have some type of copyright tag.  If you believe it is fairuse, then please place the appropriate copyright tag on the image. You can do this either when you upload it or by using the edit tab later.  It is mostly to cover Wiki, and all images that do not have tags, have a chance at being deleted.  Also, if you wish to sign your comments, you may do so by using ~, this way we can see who left the message and when.  If you have any more questions, feel free to contact me.  Thanks again.   ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  06:38, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I put the fair use tag onto the page already. As for the signatures, please do understand that my computer's performance is sub-par right now. Thanks! --Arbiteroftruth 06:41, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thats very understandable, I don't personally mind, its just a bit easier to see who left the message, w/o checking history. Thanks for the tag, and have a good day/night.   ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  06:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for reminding me, btw. I don't really do uploads that often, so I don't know the rules too well. Also, let's be honest, not too many people read the manuals before they work on stuff :). I am trying to make the pages of all the former Governors of Hong Kong look more presentable. Just one of my projects. Thanks for everything! --Arbiteroftruth 06:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:Jgt.jpg
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Image:Hsi Lai 002.jpg
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Please also include copyright tags and/or source for these images:
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 * Image:SYLuo55.jpg
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Image:Tara Strong2a.jpg
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Image:Methos002.jpg
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 * Thank you for uploading Image:Methos002.jpg. Its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. Please leave a note on the image page about the source of the image. See Image copyright tags, for a list of copyright tags, that you can use. Thank you. <> Who ? ¿ ?  7 July 2005 08:32 (UTC)

 * I'm still new at this submitting any kind of articles. How do I put a copyright on most pics I submitted? And will people will editing too, because I certainly hopes so. Thank you.

Hi, it is fairly simple. You can see the copyright tags here, and then you return to the image you uploaded, Edit the image, just like you edit a normal article. If the image happens to be a screenshot, then you can use, all of these tags are listed on the copyright tags page.

If you would like to see all the images that you uploaded, you can do that by clicking My contributions at the top of the page, and it will show you all the articles/images you have worked on.

Other editors may add tags to your images, if they do not know where the image came from; such as or. You can remove those tags, if you replace them with the appropriate tag, a URL may be helpful too. If you are not sure which tag to use, provide the URL of where you got the image, and use tag.

Hope that helps, feel free to ask any more questions. <> Who ? ¿ ? 7 July 2005 08:47 (UTC)

Image:Serb lands03.jpg
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 * Hi, I have noticed you have been a revert war with User:PANONIAN on Image:Serb lands03.jpg. If you have some specific reasoning to merit using the other image, please discuss it on Image talk:Serb lands03.jpg. Constantly reverting to another version, could possibly get you temporarily banned. Thank you.

<> Who ? ¿ ? 7 July 2005 02:32 (UTC)

Image uploads and copyright
with User:Pazuzu413

Please include copyright tags with your image uploads. As stated above, many of the images you have uploaded, may not be fair use. I am tagging, all of the images uploaded today with tags, unless you can cite a source.
 * Please add copyright tags to these images:
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Thank you. <> Who ? ¿ ? 6 July 2005 23:43 (UTC)

Image:Emperor Palpatine DVD Empire Strikes Back.jpg
with Copperchair
 * It looks as though it was a screenshot, I think the same is about Image:The Emperor.JPG. Not a problem, just wanted to let you know about proper tagging. Thanks for the response.   <> Who ? ¿ ?  7 July 2005 05:10 (UTC)

Image:Emperor Palpatine DVD Empire Strikes Back.jpg does not have any information on its page about the source of the image. Copperchair 7 July 2005 05:00 (UTC)

Image:The Emperor.JPG
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 * I just provided the licensing information. Thanks for the heads-up. Copperchair 7 July 2005 05:02 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Josephhardinee

Josephhardinee is Joseph C. Hardin of Las Cruces, NM.

title: User talk:Josephhardinee


text:
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg

John the Younger or John of Denmark (Hans; Johann; 25 March 1545 – 9 October 1622) was the duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg.

Biography
John was born on 25 March 1545 in Haderslev in the Duchy of Schleswig as the fourth child and third son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and his wife, Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. When Christian III died in 1559, he left three sons. Where the eldest, Frederick II, had long ago been appointed successor to the thrones of Denmark and Norway, all three brothers were in principle equally entitled to the father's share of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. To avoid unfortunate divisions of the royal part of the duchies, attempts were made to find suitable positions for the younger brothers elsewhere. The middle brother, Magnus, consequently, gave up his right of inheritance when Frederick II had him placed as prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek in Livonia.

However, the plan to secure John the post of the prince-archbishop's successor in the Archdiocese of Bremen failed due to strong competition from North German princes. Other options abroad were thwarted because Denmark needed the support of the North German princes against Sweden in the Nordic Seven Years' War, and the king could not act as a competitor in acquiring lucrative offices and benefices for his brother. Consequently, Frederick had to agree to share his father's share of the duchies with his youngest brother, and allotted him a portion of the duchies with Sonderburg (today Danish Sønderborg) as his ducal seat.

He acted actively in the Danish government, for example supporting his sister-in-law, the Queen, when his nephew, Christian IV of Denmark, was underage. There were plans for him to marry the Dowager Queen in 1588 or 1589, repudiating his second, young wife. John died in Glücksburg.

Marriages and children
John married twice. Firstly, he married in Kolding on August 19, 1568 Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (20 March 1550 Salzderhelden – 11 February 1586 Østerholm), daughter of Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and Princess Margarethe of Pommerania-Wolgast (1518–1569). They had the following children:
 * 1) Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (9 October 1569 Kolding– 5 July 1593 Legnica), married on 23 November 1589 to Frederick IV, Duke of Legnica.
 * 2) Christian, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Ærø (24 October 1570 – 4 June 1633)
 * 3) Ernest of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (17 January 1572 – 26 October 1596)
 * 4) Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (20 January 1573 – 13 May 1627)
 * 5) August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (26 July 1574 – 26 October 1596)
 * 6) Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, Abbess of Itzehoe (22 August 1575 – 6 December 1640)
 * 7) John Adolph, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg (17 September 1576 – 21 February 1624)
 * 8) Anna of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (7 October 1577 – 30 January 1616), married on 31 May 1601 to Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania.
 * 9) Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (30 May 1579 – 3 June 1658, in Treptow an der Rega, her dower), married on 8 March 1607 to Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin
 * 10) Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (24 September 1580 – 21 December 1653), married on 19 February 1615 to Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania (son of her sister Anna's husband, Bogilaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania).
 * 11) Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg (26 October 1581 – 22 July 1658), married on 1 August 1627 to Juliana of Saxe-Lauenburg, daughter of Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg.
 * 12) Margaret of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (24 February 1583 – 20 April 1658), married on 27 August 1603 to John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen.
 * 13) Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (15 March 1584 – 27 September 1663)
 * 14) Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (16 April 1585 – 30 April 1613)

Secondly, he married on 14 February 1588 Princess Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt (12 March 1573 Dessau – 3 November 1616 Sønderborg), and they had the following children:
 * 1) Eleonore of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (4 April 1590 – 13 April 1669)
 * 2) Anna Sabine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (7 March 1593 – 18 July 1659), married on 1 January 1618 to Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen.
 * 3) Johann Georg of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (9 February 1594 – 25 January 1613)
 * 4) Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (29 August 1595 – 5 October 1671)
 * 5) Dorothea Sibylle of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (13 July 1597 – 21 August 1597)
 * 6) Dorothea Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (23 July 1599 – 27 March 1600)
 * 7) Bernhard of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (12 April 1601 – 26 April 1601)
 * 8) Agnes Magdalene of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (17 November 1602 – 17 May 1607)
 * 9) Eleonore Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (24 February 1603 – 5 January 1675), married on 28 February 1625 to Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg.


text:
Miyun, Beijing

Miyun District is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of 2227 km2 and a population of 527,683 (2020 Census). Miyun District government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict.

History
Miyun was one of the places where Warlord Feng Yuxiang stationed his troops in preparation of the Beijing Coup of 1924. In the 1930s, Miyun District was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army and became part of the area controlled by the East Hebei Autonomous Council, a puppet state of Japan. The Japanese occupation was challenged, however, when a local Taoist priest managed to incite Miyun's peasantry. As member of the Yellow Sand Society, he garnered followers and convinced them that they could become immune to gunfire through magical rituals that he performed. Thus highly motivated, the peasants launched a rebellion in July 1936 and defeated an East Hebei Army unit that was sent to suppress them. Nearby Imperial Japanese Army forces were consequently mobilized against the insurgents. By September, the uprising was defeated and about 300 of Miyun's Yellow Sand rebels had been killed or wounded in the fighting.

Administrative divisions

There are 2 subdistricts, 17 towns, 1 township which carry the "area" (地区) label in the district, as well as an additional economic development area. The government seat of Miyun District is located in Gulou Subdistrict.

Geography
Miyun contains the easternmost point of Beijing Municipality, bordering the Beijing districts of Pinggu to the southeast, Shunyi to the southwest and Huairou to the west as well as Hebei province to the due north and east. The Miyun Reservoir, a major source of water for the Beijing Municipality, is also located in Miyun District.

Tourism
A popular tourist attraction in Miyun district is Simatai, a section of the Great Wall. Another is Nanshan Ski Resort, one of the largest in the country.

Transportation

 * Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway: Miyun railway station.
 * Beijing–Chengde railway: Miyun North railway station.

title: Miyun, Beijing


text:
C. H. Mohammed Koya

Cheriyan Kandi Muhammad Koya (15 July 1927 – 28 September 1983) popularly known as C. H. Muhammad Koya was an Indian politician who served as the 8th Chief Minister of Kerala from October to December 1979. He is more often noted for being the Minister of Education of Kerala from 1967 to 1973 and again from 1977 to 1979. After his Chief Ministership, Koya went on to become the 2nd Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala from 1981 until his death in 1983. He is the first Indian Union Muslim League member to lead a state in independent India.

As the Minister of Education, Koya championed the progress of the education of backward classes in northern Kerala. He also served as the Home Minister (1969–73) and the Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala (1981–83).

Life and career
Cheriyan Kandi Muhammad Koya was born in 1927 at Atholi in northern Kerala, to Payampunathil Ali and Mariyumma. Koya floated the Muslim Students Federation, the students wing of the All-India Muslim League, in Malabar District while he was at Zamorin's College, Calicut and later helped to organize an admirable reception for the prominent Muslim League leader Liaquat Ali Khan at Calicut (1945). He joined the Chandrika newspaper, the official organ of the Muslim League, in 1946.

Koya was first elected to the Kerala Assembly in the 1957 legislative elections. He went on to hold several key Kerala cabinet posts (Minister for Education, Deputy Chief Minister, Home Minister, and Minister for Finance). He served under both Indian National Congress and Communist Party of India Chief Ministers (E. M. S. Namboodiripad, C. Achutha Menon, K. Karunakaran, A. K. Antony, and P. K. Vasudevan Nair). He was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 (1962–67) and in 1973 (1973–77, by-elections, replacing recently deceased M. Muhammed Ismail).

He was a Member in the Kerala University Senate and served as Chairman, Governing Body, REC, Calicut.

Koya died suddenly due to a massive hemorrhagic stroke on 28 September, 1983 while serving as the Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala. He was aged just 56 at the time of his death. His death came in Hyderabad, where he had gone for a meeting of state Industrial Ministers. His dead body was flown back to Thiruvananthapuram, and later transported to his native place, where he was buried with full state honours. He was survived by his mother, wife, three children and many siblings.

Legacy
Koya was known his eloquent oratory and was described by scholar R. E. Miller as "grassroots star of the Mappila community" and the "ranking hero of Muslim youth" in Kerala. He acted as a "bridge-builder" among various social and religious groups of Kerala. Koya is remembered for his "spirited" reply to Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India when the latter publicly criticized Indian Union Muslim League as "a dead horse" at Calicut (1955).

As the Minister of Education, Koya championed the progress of the Mappila community in secular education. During Koya's tenure as the Minister of Education, the University of Calicut was established in northern Kerala. He also advocated higher standards in the 'Arabic Colleges'.

Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: Kerala Legislative Assembly (profile)
 * 1st Assembly (1957–59) – Tanur
 * 2nd Assembly (1960–64) – Tanur (resigned on 6 March 1962)
 * 3rd Assembly (1967–70) – Mankada
 * 4th Assembly (1970–77) – Kondotty (resigned on 5 February 1973)
 * 5th Assembly (1977–79) – Malappuram
 * 6th Assembly (1980–82) – Manjeri
 * 7th Assembly (1982–87) – Manjeri (died on 28 September, 1983)

Works
Source: Kerala Legislative Assembly (profile)
 * My Haj pilgrimage
 * Caux-London-Cairo
 * The Malaysia I Saw
 * How Legislative Assembly Works
 * Soviet Union
 * Muslim Rule in India Through Stories
 * Five Days in Sri Lanka
 * Camel to Cadillac
 * Travel Around the World

title: C. H. Mohammed Koya


text:
Talk:Tony Harnell

Untitled
I own the rights for this guys, don't worry If you must revert it, surely you can just leave the discography, awards and external links sections on?

Rights
Hey i emailed the website http://www.tonyharnell.com/ on the address Fanmail@tonyharnell.com and they gave us the clear to use this article

NPOV Policy
I think this article is being written from a more favorable, rather than neutral, point of view. Parts of it seem to sound like a story. I'm putting it up for cleanup.

Sonic Adventure
Is this the guy who sang "It Doesn't Matter" in the video game Sonic Adventure, or was that a different Tony Harnell?

Sonic Adventure
yes its the same Tony Harnell A way to tell: listen to Sonic's SA1 theme and Between the tigers or any other TNT song with Harnell's vocals. The vocal style is alike after all. Just in case youre confused. Glad to clear that up.Ollie the Magic Skater 18:00, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Tony's early bands
I believe it to be notable that Tony was in Pennsylvania band Precious Metal (not the female-only band) in 1982/1983, a band that also featured Cinderella guitarist Jeff Labar and Heavens Edge guitarist Reggie Wu in later incarnations. I see that a band named Jackals is mentioned without citation and the same sentence mentions an unnamed guitarist without any earlier reference. Can these issues be addressed? Jimbohamilton (talk) 20:23, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Harnell


text:
Talk:Theory Z

Is there are any examples of Theory Z?

william Ouchi
Can anyone assist me in answering a question.The Question, was William Ouchi a thief...a copier of other,s works. Seems to me,he had the benefit of maslow /mcgregor etc, His Z theory,seems more laid back,yet just a helpful to ,someone,rather than employ X or Y,

Someone believes,that William stole all his ideas,yet his ethos,is far more acceptable(i would have thought to the majority of people) can anyone help me please —±Paul

MacGregor and Ouchi have two separate theories. I believe that a reference on the page is adequate and avoids confusion by having too much information on one page (as sparse as it is at the moment). My vote is to keep the theories as separate entries. Davidl9999 18:22, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

When discussing Theory X and Theory Y, the natural conclusion is then to discuss Theory Z. Combining all 3 subjects with contrasts to the strengths and weaknesses to each would help to improve the subject. [CRJones, 19 November 2006, 16:09 PST]

Wasn't "Theory Z" first coined by Maslow in "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature"? Greattortuga (talk) 00:35, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Relationship to theories X & Y
Theory Z does not coincide with X & Y. However, a "link" reference would be apropriate. More so I would think X & Y would be complemented by other works re motivational theory and its related success, ie "The Six Sigma Way" by Cunningham, etal, and promoted by GE's Jack Welch. This application directly relates to worker quality, product quality, warranty costs, and profitability. One may also want to make reference to Tom Peters and his book "In Search of Excelence"; management theory, management's worker relations, and the infamous "MBWA" - critical management technique...... a Theory Z reference at this point may flow into the subject. —Preceding unsigned comment added by WW Hagerty (talk • contribs)

Regardless of who first used the phrase, "Theory Z" does not seem appropriately defined in this article, especially when compared with Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X suggests an inherent lack of motivation and responsibility while Theory Y suggests inherent motivation and individual responsibility. "Theory Z" (if placed in this context) should address the core issues: motivation and responsibility... which in this article it doesn't, at least not as it relates to being inherent (or human nature). A more appropriate definition would state that Theory Z people are inherently motivated but not inherently responsible. These folks may be great task masters, but only if the task is well defined and they are not responsible for the outcome. The contrary would not likely exist and therefore needs no label. It seems unreasonable to find someone who is not inherently motivated but assumes responsibility. 99.7.54.0 (talk) 04:41, 2 July 2009 (UTC)Kevin Fisher

the sentence below
"These theories have proven with many fortune 500 companies and others that when applied, do improve quality and productivity and also help to strengthen company labor issues." (In section numner 2.) Does not seem neutrap pow, academical language, it more sounds like a marketing/advertisment. And even the meaning of "many fortune 500 companies" seems unclear to me. 94.66.139.6 (talk) 20:47, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

on second thought, even the "theory" seems nothing like a theory in scientific sense, rather a manager program, or tool for one specific loyalty or motivational or benefit program (that has probably been given the name "theory" for unscienntific reasons, like a trademark name for popularising it). perhaps the whole article deserves to be deleted, or merged to some "company management"-like article as a footnote. 94.66.139.6 (talk) 20:56, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

(On third thought)... Should be merged with "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_Z_of_Ouchi". But anyway it is not a psychological theory. 94.69.231.121 (talk) 22:34, 7 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Theory Z


text:
Primera Divisió

The Primera Divisió (First Division), also known as Lliga Multisegur Assegurances for sponsorship reasons is the top level of men's football in Andorra.

The league was launched in 1995 sponsored by the local federation (Andorran Football Federation) which was created just one year before. Until then, clubs had played since 1970 in an amateur league without a structure or affiliation with any official institution. Since affiliation to UEFA and FIFA in 1996, Andorran clubs are able to compete in the UEFA competitions. Until 2015 the league was known as Lliga Grup Becier and during 2016 Lliga Grup Sant Eloi. It was renamed in 2017 as Lliga Multisegur Assegurances for sponsorship reasons.

All the teams in the league play in the same stadiums owned by the federation. The same occurs in all other Andorran competitions, such as the Copa Constitució and Supercopa.

FC Andorra, one of the major clubs in the country based in Andorra la Vella have never played in this league. They play in the Spanish league system, and are registered with the Royal Spanish Football Federation.

League system
The eight clubs that play in the league play each other three times in the same venue. After the first 21 rounds, the league splits in half, into a top four and bottom four. They then play the other three teams in their section twice more to give a total of 27 games. The last placed of the relegation round is relegated to Segona Divisió, the second highest football league in Andorra, while the penultimate classified play a two-legged relegation play-off against the runners-up of Segona Divisió. The number of teams of Primera Divisió has changed throughout the league's history:

 * 1995–96: 10 clubs
 * 1996–97: 12 clubs
 * 1997–98: 11 clubs
 * 1998–99: 12 clubs
 * 1999–00: 7 clubs
 * 2000–02: 8 clubs
 * 2002–03: 9 clubs
 * 2003–23: 8 clubs
 * 2023–present: 10 clubs

Qualification for European competitions
The winner of the league wins a place in the UEFA Champions League qualifications round, while the runners-up of the league and the Cup winner win a place in the UEFA Europa League qualifications round.

Stadiums
The Andorran Football Federation organizes the matches of Primera Divisió and Segona Divisió in the stadiums owned by the local federation. Also the federation distributes the stadiums and fields for the training sessions for each team. Since the 2016–17 season, FC Encamp is the only club that has its own stadium (✚), located in Prada de Moles (Camp de Futbol d'Encamp). Until 2016 the Camp d'Esports d'Aixovall hosted former matches of Primera Divisió and Segona Divisió.

Winners
a: The Andorran Football Federation counts the 1994–95 amateur league title as an official one.

Performance by club
Bold: indicates clubs currently playing in the top division. a: Club currently out of competition. b: Club dissolved. c: Founder members that have never been relegated from Primera Divisió.

All-time Primera Divisió table
The All-time Primera Divisió table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played since its inception in 1995. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2020–21 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2022–23 Primera Divisió. Play-offs games are not included.

League or status at 2020–21 season:

title: Primera Divisió


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Smarvin'

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 01:11, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Smarvin'
99% sure it's a hoax. No inbound or outbound links. Google hits for it appear to be email address forms of abbreviated names ("S. Marvin"). It appears to have been blanked by either a vandal or a user unfamiliar with the VFD process. —  F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  07:55, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 10:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax/unverifiable. Dcarrano 16:23, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Rae Report

NPOV
Don't get me wrong. I hate the Rae Report as much as any good Ontario lefty should. But as written, this article comes dangerously close to reading like a CFS press release. Neutral POV kind of demands that we not write the article under the assumption that all readers automatically favour lower tuition fees and oppose deregulation, doesn't it? Bearcat 07:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

yeah and you may want to look at the last link on the page. It's wrong. Greenknight 20:52, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rae Report


text:
Katse Dam

The Katse Dam, a concrete arch dam on the Malibamat'so River in Lesotho, is Africa's second largest double-curvature arch dam. (The Tekezé Dam, completed in early 2009, is now Africa's largest double curvature dam). The dam is part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which will eventually include five large dams in remote rural areas. The dam is just below the confluence of the Bokong River, which forms the western arm of the Katse reservoir.

The potential of the project was identified by the South African civil engineer Ninham Shand in 1953 as a possible means to supplement the water supply of South Africa's industrial heartland in the Witwatersrand. The World Bank arranged a treaty between the governments of South Africa and Lesotho, allowing the project to proceed.

Construction
The dam was built by a consortium of Bouygues, Concor, Group 5, Hochtief, Impregilo, Kier Group and Sterling International. The dam was completed in 1996 and the reservoir filled with water by 1997. The total cost of the project was US$8 billion. Katse Airport was constructed 3 km southeast of the dam to facilitate access to the project.

Environmental impact
The mass of water gave rise to induced seismicity. Farmers who lost land to the project have had trouble re-establishing new livelihoods. There is little arable land in the mountains to replace all that was lost, and efforts to help them with new livelihoods have by no means been as successful as the engineering works. A local group has documented the project's human legacy in the rural communities directly affected by the project, and the environmental and human-rights NPO, International Rivers, produced a detailed account of the effects.

As mitigation of the loss of habitat, plant rescue missions were conducted in the area to be flooded, and Katse Botanical Gardens was established to house and propagate the plants rescued.

Water delivery
Water from the dam first travels through a 45 km, 4 m diameter tunnel, exiting at a hydroelectric station near Muela. The dam's high elevation allows a gravity flow water delivery system to South Africa, in addition to hydroelectric power for Lesotho, and was a prime reason behind the choice of site.

Water delivery officially began on 22 January 1998. The dam currently supplies about 30 m3/s of water to South Africa, which pays Lesotho $35 million per year, plus a variable royalty based on calculated water usage benefits.

In recent years, water from the scheme has also been discharged into the Mohokare (Caledon) River to provide water to Lesotho's capital Maseru in times of shortages. The new dams have filled as anticipated and discharge of water from the dams into the downstream rivers continues in a scheme devised to preserve ecological balances. This discharged water flows to the Senqu (Orange) River, and while preserving the ecological status quo, it benefits only those communities along the rivers. Schemes to provide water supplies to displaced Highlands farmers have not been very successful.

The dam project has also been a source of widespread corruption, which is not uncommon with large dam projects. The Lesotho courts have taken the unusual step of prosecuting the large companies involved in the scandal in addition to the Lesotho bureaucrat who took the bribes. Thus far, there have been a number of convictions and at least one company debarred by the World Bank for its role in the scandal.

Intake tower water transfer
The intake tower is located approximately 18 km north of Katse Dam and has been designed to accommodate 70 m3/s which was the maximum transfer originally envisaged for full implementation of the LHWP. The intake tower is 23 m in diameter and 98 m high to accommodate the large range in reservoir storage elevation as well as to facilitate the draw-off at four distinct lake levels. This will enable the quality of the transferred water to be controlled at all times. Due to the position and design of the intake tower, there is a certain volume of water in the reservoir that cannot be accessed via the transfer tunnels. This dead storage is approximately 430,000,000 m3, with the result that the effective live storage behind Katse Dam is reduced from the total storage capacity of 1,950 million m³ to 1,520 million m³.

Dam features

 * Height - 185 m (second tallest in Africa)
 * Crest length - 710 m
 * Design - double arch, concrete
 * Concrete - 2,320,000 m3
 * Elevation - 1993 m above sea level (highest elevation dam in Africa)

title: Katse Dam


text:
Yanqing, Beijing

Yanqing District, formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center. The district consists of 3 subdistricts, 11 towns and 4 townships, and borders the Beijing districts of Huairou to the east and Changping to the south as well as the Hebei counties of Huailai to the west and Chicheng to the north. The district hosted the Expo 2019, and hosted alpine skiing, bobsled, luge and skeleton during the 2022 Winter Olympics.

History
In the Tang dynasty, Guichuan County, named after the Gui River, was established and belonged to the Gui Prefecture in Hebei, with a defensive military city. Eventually in 1952, it was reassigned to the Zhangjiakou Special Zone [ zh] in Hebei Province, and in 1958, it was transferred to Beijing. In November 2015, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved the adjustment of the administrative divisions of Beijing, and Yanqing County was abolished and established as a district. Yanqing District became sister cities with Dongdaemun District, Seoul, when they established friendly relations in 1997 and signed a cultural and sports exchange agreement and an economic exchange agreement in 2011.

Climate
Yanqing District has a continental monsoon climate, a transitional zone between temperate zone and mid-temperate zone, semi-arid and semi-humid zone. This is a unique climate, with cold winters and cool summers, with Yanqing being known as Beijing's "summer capital". The climate is cold in winter and is cool in summer, with an average annual temperature of 9.6 °C. It has an area of 105 square kilometers in the tropical zone, with abundant shallow geothermal resources. With 2,623.4 hours of sunshine per year, it is the region with the most abundant solar energy resources in Beijing. Also, Yanqing's wind resources account for 70% of Beijing.

The Yanqing Badaling Great Wall Basin is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the north, south, east, and Guanting Reservoir to the west, namely the Yanhuai Basin. Yanqing is located in the east of the basin, with an average elevation of about 500 meters. Haituo Mountain is the highest peak in the territory, with an elevation of 2241 meters and the second highest peak in Beijing.

Yanqing is surrounded by mountains to the north, east and south, and water to the west, with an average altitude of 500 meters above sea level, and is predominantly mountainous, with mountains accounting for 70% of the county's area. The forest greening rate of the entire region has reached 74%. In addition, Yanqing is rich in geothermal, solar, wind and other new and renewable energy sources, accounting for 25% of energy consumption, and is one of the first national green energy demonstration counties and a new and renewable energy demonstration area in Beijing.

The highest temperature recorded was 39 °C, which occurred on June 10, 1961. Prior to 2016 and the lowest temperature recorded was -27.3 °C (-17.14 °F), which occurred on January 23, 1973, however, on January 23, 2016, the lowest temperature recorded was -29.8 °C (-21.64 °F), the lowest temperature recorded in Beijing in 30 years. The year with the highest precipitation from June to August was 1964 with 747.1 mm, and the year with the lowest was 1965 with 274 mm. The average annual sunshine in one district of Yanqing County is 2623.4 hours, with an annual sunshine percentage of 60%, the highest sunshine hours and solar radiation in Beijing.

In 2022, the annual average concentration value of PM2.5 in Yanqing District was 27 micrograms per cubic meter, 7 micrograms per cubic meter lower than the urban area of Beijing (34 micrograms per cubic meter), ranking first in air quality over other districts in Beijing.

Administrative divisions

There are 3 subdistricts, 11 towns, and 4 townships in the district.

Urban area of Yanqing District
The Yanqing District government is located at Rulin Subdistrict. The urban area of Yanqing District is composed of Baiquan Subdistrict, Rulin Subdistrict, Xiangshuiyuan Subdistrict and Yanqing Town, with a population that exceeds 100,000. The urban area has a central business district and exhibition center.

Population
At the end of 2019, there were 145,474 households in Yanqing District. Among them, 70,386 agricultural households. The registered population is 289,093 people. Among them, 14,045 are female permanent residents. The resident population is 35.7, of which 4.5 are permanent migrants, accounting for 12.6% of the resident population. Among the permanent population, the urban population is 21.3, accounting for 59.7% of the permanent population. The permanent population was born at 8.22‰, and the birth rate was 5.84‰. The natural growth rate of the permanent population was 2.38‰.

Culture and tourism
The district is rich in historical sites and outdoor attractions.

The most visited attraction of Yanqing is Badaling, a restored section of the Great Wall, that is highly popular with tourists. Badaling Remnant (Shixiaguan) and Shuiguan sections of the Great Wall in Yanqing are to the west and east respectively of the highly popular Badaling and receive spillover visitors especially during peak periods.

One of the most popular day-trips for residents of Beijing is the Longqing Gorge located in the village of Gucheng in the district. The scenic area features a canyon filled at the bottom with a reservoir from a nearby man made dam, providing short boat cruises along the dramatic landscape of narrow peaks.

The remnants of a 1,000 year old cliff dwelling community date back to the Tang dynasty are found at Guyaju Ruins near the village of Dongmenying. Archaeologists are uncertain about the origins of Guyaju. One theory holds that the Kumo Xi, a steppe tribe, carved from the rocks the halls and hundreds of dwellings that form a fortress community in the caves.

Another historical attraction is the town of Yongning. The town square tower was restored in the 2000s and there is a Gothic Revival Catholic church from the 19th century.

Commune by the Great Wall is in the district.

The district's language is roughly divided into six regions, but the boundaries of these six dialect regions are fuzzy and uncertain.

Beijing Wild Duck Lake Wetland
The Wild Duck Lake Wetland is located in northwest of Yanqing District. It is a national 4A scenic spot and an artificial wetland composed of the Yanqing area of Guanting Reservoir. It is one of the most important bird habitats in Beijing and even North China. In July 1997, the Beijing Wild Duck Lake Wetland was established, and it was a municipal-level nature reserve in December 2000. The total area of the reserve is 6,873 hectares, of which the wetland area is 3939 hectares.

Badaling Great Wall
The Badaling Great Wall is one of the most famous scenes in Yanqing, which is located at the north entrance of Guan'gou Ancient Road, Jundushan, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an essential part of the Great Wall of China, a great project in ancient China, and a strait mouth of the Great Wall of the Ming dynasty. The Badaling Great Wall is an essential outpost of Juyong Pass.

Longqing Gorge
The Longqing Gorge is located in the northwest of Gucheng Village, 85 kilometers away from Beijing City. It is a national 4A scenic spot and one of the sixteen scenic spots in Beijing. The water originates from the eastern foot of Haituo and flows into Gucheng Reservoir through Yudu Mountain. Since Yanqing has a cold winter and a long icing period. Longqing Gorge has used this unique natural condition to hold the Ice Lantern Art Festival since 1987. The Longqing Gorge Ice Lantern Art Exhibition has become a traditional project of winter tourism in the capital.

Vanke Shijinglong Ski Resort
Named after Vanke, this ski resort was completed in 1999. It is a national 3A scenic spot located in Yanqing, Beijing, 80 kilometers away from downtown Beijing. It is the first ski resort in the surrounding area of Beijing, with the large scale, complete equipment and facilities, and the pioneer in China to adopt artificial snowmaking. It also has a rare southern slope in Beijing, where visitors can ski in the warm sunshine in winter. The snowfield covers an area of 600 acres, and there are six ski trails in the snowfield.

Great Wall of China Museum
The Great Wal of China Museum, located on the western side of Badaling, is a thematic museum that comprehensively reflects the history and culture of the Badaling Great Wall, and was completed and opened to the public on September 6, 1994. The appearance of the Great Wall Museum of China is a fire beacon building, with a construction area of more than 4,000 square meters and a usable area of 3,200 square meters.

Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall
Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall is located in Badaling Special Zone, Yanqing District, Beijing, China, built to commemorate Chinese railroad engineer Zhan Tianyou, and is subordinate to China Railway Museum, a national third-class museum. In 1992, the museum was awarded as Beijing Patriotic Education Base, and in 1995, the museum was awarded as Railway Patriotic Education Base, and in 1997, the exhibition was renovated, and in 2008, the museum was awarded as Beijing Science Education Base, and the infrastructure and exhibition were completely renovated. The museum was rated as a national third-class museum and an out-of-school activity base for young students in Beijing. in 2010, the museum was rated as a national science popularization education base.

Beijing Badaling Wildlife World
Beijing Badaling Wildlife World is the largest mountain wildlife park in China, located at the foot of the Badaling Great Wall and close to the Badaling Expressway. The park has five functional areas: wildlife tour area, ecological reserve, mountain forest sightseeing area, ancient culture area, and recreation area. The park covers an area of nearly 6,000 acres, with more than 100 kinds of nearly 10,000 head (only) wild animals.

Transportation
Yanqing District is an important transportation hub in the north of Beijing, with urban and rural roads extending in all directions. At the end of 2018, the highway mileage of the whole region reached 1833.4 kilometers, 0.9 kilometers less than the end of the previous year.

The Jingbao Railway, Daqin Railway, Beijing-Tibet (Badaling) Expressway, Jingxin Expressway,  China National Highway 110, S216, S323, etc., pass through the district. Construction of the Xingyan Expressway is about to start, and by then, it will take 30 minutes to reach downtown Beijing.

Suburban railway
The Beijing-Baotou railway and the Line S2 of the suburban railway are convenient for passenger and cargo transportation. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railway opened its Yanqing branch on December 1, 2020, and it takes 26 minutes to commute to downtown Beijing. Yanqing is served by one commuter railway line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR). Line S2 (both the main and branch lines) starts from Huangtudian railway station in Changping District and stops at the following stations in Yanqing:

 * (Main) - Badaling, Yanqing
 * (Branch) - Badaling, Kangzhuang

Local food
Tofu Banquet is a ceremonial meal in traditional Chinese weddings and celebrations. This food is made by adding cabbage, tofu, preserved pork, vermicelli, etc., into a brazier. The brazier was a heating appliance in the rural areas of northern China in the old days.
 * Tofu Banquet

Yielding fruit
Apple, Plump, Grape, etc.

title: Yanqing, Beijing


text:
Premio Bancarella

The Premio Bancarella is an Italian literary prize established in 1953. It is given in Pontremoli every year, on either the last Saturday or the last Sunday in July.

Six books are selected and awarded the Premio Selezione Bancarella. The booksellers establish the winner with their vote. The awarding of the prize takes place in the last evening.

Premio Bancarella 2024 is at the 67th edition.

List of winners
This is a complete list of winners through 2023.

Premio Bancarella della Cucina
The Premio Bancarella della Cucina, inaugurated in 2006, is awarded by the Fondazione Città del Libro together with the Accademia Italiana della Cucina and is intended to promote the gastronomic traditions and heritage of Italy. ,

Other prizes
Other prizes assigned in Pontremoli together with Bancarella are: Premio Bancarellino and Premio Bancarella Sport.

title: Premio Bancarella


text:
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha

Territory located in present-day Benin.