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Ron Dermer

Ron Dermer (רון דרמר, born April 16, 1971) is an American-born Israeli political consultant and diplomat serving as the Israeli Minister of Strategic Affairs since 2022. He served as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States from 2013 to 2021.

Education
In 1993, Dermer graduated magna cum laude from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania with concentrations in Finance and Management. While there, he was a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity and a founding member of the Jewish Heritage Program run by Rabbi Menachem Schmidt. At a 2014 Wharton School alumni dinner, Dermer said in a speech that he chose to attend the school after reading Donald J. Trump's book The Art of the Deal.

Early career
Following his time at the University of Pennsylvania, Dermer worked for a year in Washington, D.C., with University of Pennsylvania adjunct professor Dr. Frank Luntz, where he learned about polling and political strategy. Luntz later described Dermer as "the most talented student I've ever had."

In 1993, Dermer left Washington to earn an additional degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) from Oxford University. While there, he served as President of the Oxford University L'Chaim Society.

In 1995, while still at Oxford, Dermer conducted the polling and formulated the strategy for Natan Sharansky's Yisrael BaAliyah party in its successful 1996 Knesset election campaign. Dermer worked for Sharansky again in the Knesset elections of 1999, and in 2000 Sharansky recommended that former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, then planning a political comeback, meet with Dermer. Dermer has been advising Netanyahu ever since and is one of his closest confidantes.

From 2001–2004, Dermer wrote a column called The Numbers Game for The Jerusalem Post. In 2004, he co-wrote with Sharansky the book The Case For Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror.

From 2005–2008, Dermer served as the economic attaché at the Israeli Embassy in Washington. This position required that Dermer give up his American citizenship. Dermer explained his decision to do so in an article entitled "Proud to Have Been an American," initially published in the New York Sun and republished in The Jerusalem Post under the title "Why I Left the America I Love". Dermer's appointment as Israel's Minister of Economic Affairs in the United States was made while Netanyahu was serving as Finance Minister under Ariel Sharon. During his tenure as economic envoy, Dermer helped secure the 2007, 10-year memorandum of understanding on military assistance to Israel. He also worked to convince individual states to divest state pension funds from Iran. In 2007, his native state of Florida became the first state to pass divestment legislation.

In 2008, after his return to Israel, Dermer worked on Netanyahu's successful election campaign for Prime Minister, and in 2009 Dermer was named Senior Advisor to the Prime Minister. While in the Prime Minister's Office, Dermer was considered Netanyahu's closest adviser and strategic consultant. The Jerusalem Post said he "runs much of the interference with the White House, and is intimately involved in the diplomatic process with the Palestinians … [and] writes many of Netanyahu's speeches". In 2011, Allison Hoffman of Tablet magazine called him "Bibi's Brain", quoting a long-time observer of Israeli politics as saying, "if you look at Ron, you see Bibi."

On December 28, 2012, Israeli newspaper Makor Rishon reported that Dermer's name was being floated as a potential replacement for Michael Oren, Israel's Ambassador to the United States. The Prime Minister's Office declined to comment on the report and the Embassy of Israel in Washington spokesman called the report "baseless". In March 2013, Dermer left the Prime Minister's Office, and on July 9, 2013 the Prime Minister's office announced that Dermer would replace Oren as Israel's Ambassador to the United States.

Diplomatic career (2013–2021)
In September 2016, towards the end of the Obama administration, Israel secured from the United States a 10-year, 38 billion dollar military aid package, the largest deal of its kind at the time. In December 2017, during the Trump Presidency, the US recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and in May 2018 moved the American Embassy to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv. That same month, Israel achieved its top diplomatic priority when the Trump administration withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action with Iran. In March 2019, the US also recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights. In 2020, Dermer played a key role in bringing about the Abraham Accords which normalized Israel’s relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. In the wake of the Accords, two more normalization agreements with Morocco and Sudan were signed in late 2020. In light of his contribution to the Abraham Accords and the subsequent normalization agreements, Dermer was nominated, along with other key US officials, for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Dermer was also credited by Dr. Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, for his work in helping Israel obtain millions of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines and by the convicted American spy Jonathan Pollard for his work in securing his release and arrival in Israel.

In 2019, then Prime Minister Netanyahu named Dermer, along with former Mossad chief Yossi Cohen, as potential successors.

Dermer stepped down as ambassador in 2021 after serving more than seven years in the post. He was replaced by Gilad Erdan.

Professional career (2021–2022)
In April 2022, Dermer went to work for Exigent Capital, an investment management firm based in Jerusalem. Dermer led the firm’s strategic investments in the Persian Gulf states.

Political career (2022–present)
In December, 2022, following the 2022 Israeli legislative election, Dermer was chosen to head the Ministry of Strategic Affairs in the Thirty-seventh government of Israel. Following the outbreak of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, he was appointed as an observer-member of the Israeli war cabinet.

Controversies
Dermer’s tenure as ambassador in Washington, though consequential, was not uncontroversial. From the very beginning, observers and Washington political analysts saw Dermer's appointment as a "mixed bag" for US–Israel relations. According to Israeli journalist Ari Shavit, Dermer was one of the few people Prime Minister Netanyahu trusted enough for the job, and Dermer's understanding of the American political system gave Netanyahu a way to navigate through Washington tactfully. On the other hand, Israeli journalist Barak Ravid said, that “among the White House’s inner circle – Denis McDonough, Ben Rhodes – Dermer [was] a red flag” because he was believed to have “incited Congress and Jewish organizations against Obama” on issues related to the Palestinians and Iran. The controversy over Dermer’s appointment came to a head in 2015 when Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of Congress over the Iran Deal. Dermer is widely believed to have engineered that speech in which Netanyahu, against the wishes of then-President Barack Obama, urged the US not to become a party to the Nuclear Deal with Iran – the so-called JCPOA—a move members of the Obama administration saw as a politically motivated breach of diplomatic protocol.

Despite the allegation, however, both Dermer and Netanyahu were adamant that their opposition to the JCPOA was rooted in profound concerns about the security of the State of Israel and that they had a moral responsibility to speak out on the issue. As Netanyahu stated, the deal “could well threaten the survival of my country and the future of my people” because it would put Iran, “the foremost sponsor of global terrorism…weeks away from having enough enriched uranium for an entire arsenal of nuclear weapons, and this with full international legitimacy.”

A core problem with the Iran Nuclear Deal for both Netanyahu and Dermer were its so-called sunset clauses, in which all restrictions placed on Iran’s nuclear program would be “automatically removed” in several years, regardless of Iran’s behavior in the region or its continued efforts to destroy the State of Israel. As Dermer stated in 2015, “[Under the JCPOA,] there is no linkage whatsoever between the removal of these restrictions and Iran’s behavior. In 10 years, Iran could be even more aggressive toward its neighbors, sponsor even more terrorism around the globe and work even harder to destroy Israel, and the restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program would still be automatically removed.” Dermer went on to stress that the sunset clauses meant that in just a few years, “Iran won’t have to sneak into or break into the nuclear club. Under this deal, it could simply decide to walk in.” President Obama himself admitted this weakness of the deal in an interview on NPR in which he stated that in year 13 of the deal (2028), the breakout time for Iran “would have shrunk almost down to zero.”

Despite the best efforts of both Netanyahu and Dermer to torpedo the Iran Deal, in July 2015, the Obama Administration made the US a party to the JCPOA. In January 2016, the US lifted nuclear-related sanctions against Iran, even as the State Department continued to list Iran as “the foremost state sponsor of terrorism” and even though a majority of the US House of Representatives voted against the deal and a majority of the Senate (58 senators) opposed the deal, with only a filibuster preventing a formal vote against the deal in the Senate.

Netanyahu’s and Dermer’s fight to defeat the nuclear deal with Iran would bear fruit with a change of administration in Washington. In May 2015, two months after Netanyahu’s dramatic speech to Congress mobilized opposition to the deal, Donald J. Trump announced his candidacy for President. With the Republican Party firmly opposed to the deal, then-candidate Trump pledged to withdraw from it, calling it “a disaster” and “the worst deal ever negotiated.” In September 2017 at the United Nations, President Donald Trump called the Iran Deal an “embarrassment” because it gave Iran “cover” to produce nuclear weapons, and in May 2018, Trump withdrew the US from the Iran Deal and reinstated sanctions against Iran.

Upon leaving his post as ambassador, Dermer stated that despite all the controversy, Netanyahu’s speech to Congress was the “proudest moment” of his tenure in Washington. In an interview, Dermer explained: “That speech was the proudest moment I had as ambassador because the job of an Israeli prime minister is to speak out on matters that affect the security and national survival of his country. A prime minister who wouldn’t answer an invitation to speak before the American Congress and public on such an issue would not be worthy of sitting five minutes in his chair.” He also went on to discuss how Netanyahu’s speech to Congress paved the way for the historic Abraham Accords.

Despite tensions with the Obama administration over Netanyahu’s speech and despite reports to the contrary, throughout Obama’s second term in office, Dermer remained an effective liaison between Jerusalem and Washington. In 2015, at the height of the controversy, then Vice President Joe Biden accepted an invitation from Dermer to be the keynote speaker at the Israeli Independence Day event. Likewise, in 2016, President Barack Obama accepted Dermer’s invitation to speak on International Holocaust Day at the Embassy of Israel to present an award to four American Righteous Among the Nations. Obama’s appearance marked the first time a sitting American President ever spoke at the Embassy of Israel in Washington, and the only time Obama spoke at a foreign embassy in DC during his two-term presidency. Even more significant, despite tensions over the Iran Deal and Netanyahu’s speech to Congress, Dermer helped negotiate a 38 billion dollar military aid package with the US, the largest military aid deal of its kind ever.

In January 2015, the Israeli Civil Service Commission censured Dermer for allegedly taking part in political campaigning for Prime Minister Netanyahu in violation of Civil Service rules when he said in an interview on a non-Israeli television station that did not target Israeli voters that he trusted that the Israeli public would continue to have confidence in Prime Minister Netanyahu. Also in 2015, Dermer received negative press coverage for his “politically charged” choice of holiday gifts which featured products from the West Bank and the Golan Heights. In a letter that accompanied the gifts, Dermer explained that his holiday gift was a direct response to a recent European Union decision to label goods originating in the West Bank and the Golan Heights as goods originating in “occupied Palestinian territories”. In the letter, Dermer also called the EU decision “the latest effort by Israel’s enemies to destroy the one and only Jewish state.”

In December 2016 Dermer was criticized for accepting an award from the Center for Security Policy, a conservative think tank led by Frank Gaffney, which was designated as a hate group by the Southern Policy Law Center. The SPLC encouraged Dermer to decline the award because it "not only further legitimizes this organization, but could be read as an endorsement of anti-Muslim hate by the Israeli government."

Dermer not only rejected the SPLC’s criticism but also criticized the SPLC for singling out as anti-Muslim extremists Gaffney, Daniel Pipes, Maajid Nawaz, and especially Ayaan Hirsi Ali who publicly defends the rights of Muslim women. In his remarks, Dermer described "militant Islam" as a "virulent ideology now ascendant in the Muslim world" that must be defeated but also distinguished from Islam itself. On a separate occasion, Dermer distinguished between militant Islam and Islam more broadly, warning his audience that while militant Islamists aim to create a world in which “women are chattel, gays are hanged and minorities are either eliminated or persecuted” they must reject the idea that “the problem is Islam itself.” In fact, during his tenure, Dermer did outreach to the Muslim community, including hosting an annual Iftar dinner at the Ambassador’s Residence at which he always made clear that he represented all of Israel’s citizens including its more than 1.5 million Muslim citizens.

In September 2018, the Israeli Civil Service Commission began an investigation into Dermer's handling of information regarding possible sexual harassment issues related to an employee hired by the State, but the investigation was dropped.

In July 2019, the Civil Service Commission rejected a request by Netanyahu and then Foreign Minister, Israel Katz, to extend Dermer's term as Israel's Ambassador to the United States because Israel was in the middle of an election campaign and because Dermer’s tenure had already been unusually long. Dermer's term was ultimately extended through January 20, 2021.

Personal life
Dermer was born and raised in Miami Beach, Florida.

In 1996 he moved to Israel, and in 1997, he began the process of becoming an Israeli citizen. On August 9, 1998, Dermer married artist Adi Blumberg, the daughter of the chairman of the Bank of Jerusalem, who had grown up in the Old City of Jerusalem. The wedding was presided over by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz. Adi Blumberg died in February 2000.

In December, 2000, Dermer was introduced by Chief Justice Aharon Barak to Rhoda Pagano, a Yale University educated lawyer who was clerking at the time at the Israeli Supreme Court. They married in 2002. The couple have five children.

In Israel, he was a quarterback for the national American football team in international competitions and led his team to several championships in the Israeli Football League. In 2014, he was a member of the inaugural class of inductees into the Israeli Football Hall of Fame. During his tenure as ambassador, Dermer visited the NFL Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio and helped organize, alongside New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft, an NFL Hall of Fame trip to Israel (2015), which was covered by CBS Sports and included Thurman Thomas and Tim Brown. A second NFL Hall of Fame Trip, covered by ESPN, occurred in 2017 and included Joe Montana, Roger Staubach, Jim Brown, Mike Singletary, "Mean" Joe Greene, and Bruce Smith.

title: Ron Dermer


text:
The Legend of Lizzie Borden

The Legend of Lizzie Borden is a 1975 American historical mystery television film directed by Paul Wendkos and starring Elizabeth Montgomery—in an Emmy-nominated performance—as Lizzie Borden, an American woman who was accused of murdering her father and stepmother in 1892. It co-stars Katherine Helmond, Fritz Weaver, Fionnula Flanagan, and Hayden Rorke. It premiered on ABC on February 10, 1975. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Motion Picture Made for Television in 1976.

Although the film is based on fact, it is a stylized retelling of the events of August 4, 1892, the day the father and step-mother of New England spinster Lizzie Borden were found brutally murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home. Public interest in Borden and the murders is exacerbated by her aloof demeanor after the murders, and the public speculates about her involvement in them when she fails to express any emotion during her father and stepmother's funerals.

The subsequent incarceration of the prime suspect (Lizzie herself) as well as the coroner's inquest and the trial are faithfully depicted, using actual testimony. During the trial, various persons testify, including Bridget Sullivan, the Borden's maid from Ireland who was the only other person in the home at the time of the murders.

In what may be seen as a deviation from the film's docudrama narrative, as Lizzie hears her verdict, flashbacks are shown of her actually committing the murders in the nude and bathing after each death, explaining why no blood was ever found on her or her clothes; however, the film's plot with regard to Lizzie's role in the murders remains ambiguous because it does not state that Lizzie was actually reminiscing about the crimes nor does it state that she was simply fantasizing about how she herself would have disposed of her victims. When Lizzie returns home after her acquittal, her sister Emma asks her point-blank if she killed their father; Lizzie does not answer. The epilogue states that the killings of Andrew and Abby Borden remain unsolved.

Plot
On August 4, 1892, Bridget Sullivan, the maid, summons neighbor Mrs. Churchill to the Borden residence, where Lizzie Borden meets her at the door coldly stating, “Mrs. Churchill, do come in, someone has killed father.” Andrew Borden’s body reclines on the living room sofa with multiple hatchet wounds across his face. Police arrive to examine Andrew’s body, and upon searching the house, Mrs. Churchill and Bridget find the body of Abby Borden, Lizzie’s stepmother, hacked to death in the guest room. Neighbors flock to surround the house. Emma Borden, 9 years older than 31-year-old Lizzie, returns from Fairhaven, where she was away staying with friends. Emma directly asks Lizzie if she killed father, which Lizzie denies. Lizzie is given morphine to sedate her and answers police questions inconsistently.

At the funeral Lizzie is criticized for not wearing black or showing grief. Lizzie is informed that she is a suspect, and an inquest is held.

At the inquest Bridget says she and Lizzie were the only ones in the house, besides the victims, the day of the murder. Mr. Borden left for downtown, and Mrs. Borden received a note--that nobody ever saw--asking Abby to care for an unnamed sick friend. As instructed by Mrs. Borden, Bridget was outside the house, with the doors locked, washing windows at the time of the murders. Bridget didn’t see anyone come to the house until Mr. Borden came home at about 10:45 and took a nap on the sofa. Bridget lay down for a nap as the city hall clock struck 11 o’clock, but 3 or 4 minutes later Lizzie called out after discovering Andrew’s body.

Lizzie testifies that she called her stepmother Abby “mother” when she was a child but began to call her “Mrs. Borden” later, without explaining why. Lizzie changed her story several times, unsure whether she was upstairs or downstairs when her father came home. She claimed to have last seen Abby 1 hour and 30 minutes before her body was discovered. Nobody saw the note to Abby or saw her return home. Andrew was in the house 15 to 20 minutes while Lizzie was in the barn looking for an iron sinker for her fishing line for a trip the following Monday. Lizzie cannot explain how someone unknown killed Abby an hour and half before, while both Bridget and Lizzie were around, then killed Andrew during the 20 minutes or so that she was in the barn and Bridget was preparing to nap. The magistrate judges Lizzie probably guilty and orders Lizzie committed to await trial.

Lizzie faces death by hanging. With Emma’s support and her share of her father’s $250,000 estate, Lizzie retains a “dream team,” headed by George Robinson, former governor of Massachusetts. She decorates her prison cell with furniture and selects a special wardrobe for the trial. The press and public are sympathetic to Lizzie, a Sunday school teacher and a devoted worker for temperance, Christian aid, and foreign missions.

Lizzie’s testimony at the inquest is deemed inadmissible, as she was denied proper counsel and her testimony was taken when she was under the influence of morphine.

At the trial, friend Alice Russell testifies that the evening before the murder Lizzie said her father was having trouble with business associates, was afraid someone would harm him, and the house had been broken into in broad daylight when family members were at home. The day after the funeral, Lizzie burned a dress in the stove that supposedly was stained by paint.

The local chemist testifies that Lizzie attempted to purchase prussic acid a few days before the murders, ostensibly to clean a sealskin cape. He would not sell her the poison without a prescription.

A forensic expert testifies that the broken hatchet found by police matches wounds on Mr. Borden’s skull. The assailant’s clothing would be splattered in blood, yet Lizzie had no bloodstains on her just moments after the last murder, except for a small amount of menstrual blood on her clothes. When Andrew’s and Abby’s skulls are produced in court and a hatchet is fit into the wound, Lizzie faints.

The foreman of the all-male jury is asked to announce the verdict. In flashbacks, Lizzie recalls the sequence of events leading up to the murder. Abby persuades Andrew to change his will, and Andrew agrees to see his lawyer next week. Lizzie says to Emma that she would see Abby dead first and that her father must not make a new will. Emma decides to go to Fairhaven the next day. Lizzie then flashes to Bridget washing windows then chatting with a neighbor. Locking the doors, Lizzie strips off her clothes, taking a hatchet from under her mattress. Nude, Lizzie sneaks up behind Abby and Andrew in turn, hacking each to death. Between both murders, Lizzie washes up in the basement and dresses again in unsullied clothes. She dumps the hatchet in the latrine. The foreman announces a “not guilty” verdict. Lizzie is ordered released. The crowd outside the courtroom celebrates.

At home, Emma welcomes Lizzie doubtfully, asking her, “once more, then I shall never mention it again as long as I live. Did you kill father?” Lizzie’s face remains expressionless, and she does not respond.

Months after her acquittal Lizzie moved into a mansion in the fashionable section of Fall River, where she lived until she died in 1927, at the age of 66. Emma died nine days after Lizzie. To this day the case remains unsolved.

Casting
Elizabeth Montgomery and Lizzie Borden were sixth cousins once removed, both descending from 17th-century Massachusetts resident John Luther. Rhonda McClure, the genealogist who documented the Montgomery-Borden connection, said, "I wonder how Elizabeth would have felt if she knew she was playing her own cousin." One of the gowns which was worn by Montgomery in the film is on display at the bed-and-breakfast which now occupies the Borden house.

Irish actress Fionnula Flanagan was cast in the part of the Borden's maid, Bridget Sullivan, who was originally from Ireland.

Awards
The film won writer William Bast the 1975 Edgar Award for Best TV Feature/Miniseries. It also won two Emmy Awards, for Costume Design (presented to Guy C. Verhille) and Film Editing (John A. Martinelli), and received nominations in three other Emmy categories: Lead Actress (Montgomery), Art Direction (Jack De Shields), and Sound Editing (Harry Gordon).

The film was also nominated for Best Motion Picture Made for Television in the 1976 Golden Globe Awards.

European version
The European theatrical version is more explicit than the theatrical version which was broadcast on ABC, showing Borden nude in the scenes when she kills her father and stepmother. This version also runs an extra 4 minutes, 104 minutes total versus the United States version of 100 minutes.

Release
A Region 1 DVD release of the film was released on October 7, 2014, and is now available for purchase.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Legend of Lizzie Borden


text:
User:Opt 05

"Sarcasm is my sword, Apathy is my shield"

title: User:Opt 05


text:
Chen Gong

Chen Gong (died 7 February 199), courtesy name Gongtai, was an adviser to the warlord Lü Bu in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. However, he had started his career under another warlord, Cao Cao, before defecting to Lü Bu. He was executed along with Lü Bu after Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu at the Battle of Xiapi.

Chen Gong was given a positive makeover in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, Chen Gong initially held office as a minor magistrate under the Han government, but he gave up his job after deciding to follow Cao Cao, who was then on the run after attempting to assassinate Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord and regent who was holding the Emperor hostage. However, after witnessing Cao Cao killing Lü Boshe, he secretly left Cao Cao and ultimately joined Lü Bu. His eventual fate in the novel is similar to that in history.

Life
Chen Gong was from Wuyang County (武陽縣), Dong Commandery, which is located at the border between present-day Henan and Shandong provinces. He joined Cao Cao around 190, at the time when regional warlords around China formed a coalition against Dong Zhuo, a powerful warlord who held Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang and former imperial capital, Chang'an, respectively. Chen Gong's most significant contribution while serving Cao Cao was the taking over of Yan Province (兖州; covering present-day western Shandong) in 193 through diplomatic efforts, a strategic move which laid down the foundation for Cao Cao's subsequent rise in power.

In 194, however, while Cao Cao was away on a campaign against Tao Qian in Xu Province (徐州; covering present-day northern Jiangsu), Chen Gong defected to a rival warlord, Lü Bu, along with his colleague, Zhang Miao. With the assistance of the two defectors, Lü Bu quickly took over most of Yan Province. Cao Cao hastily returned and laid siege on Lü Bu in Puyang (濮陽). After more than hundred days of stalemate, a famine forced Lü Bu to give up his position and seek refuge under Liu Bei, successor of Tao Qian, in Xiapi (下邳; present-day Pizhou, Jiangsu), capital of Xu Province.

In 196, Lü Bu turned on his host and took over Xiapi, proclaiming himself the governor of Xu Province and sending Liu Bei to the nearby county of Xiaopei (小沛).

In 198, Lü Bu launched an offensive against Liu Bei, who sought help from Cao Cao. This was one of Cao Cao's plots for he much desired the Xu Province. He placed two spies in Lü Bu's camp to sow discord between Lü Bu, Liu Bei and Chen Gong. These spies became the left and right advisers to Lü Bu and told him to attack Liu Bei. This was all against Chen Gong's advice. Cao Cao personally led his forces to attack Xiapi. When Cao Cao's army reached Pengcheng (彭城; present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu), which was located east of Xiapi, Chen Gong advised Lü Bu to grasp the initiative to strike because he didn't know of Cao Cao's ploy but Lü Bu, heeding his wife's advice, decided to stay put. After initial attempts to break the siege failed, Lü Bu intended to surrender but was dissuaded by Chen Gong.

The siege dragged on for two months until Cao Cao ordered his troops to dig ditches to divert the Si River and Yi River (沂水) to flood Xiapi. On 7 February 199, Lü Bu's subjects Hou Cheng, Song Xian (宋憲) and Wei Xu (魏續) captured Chen Gong and defected with their troops. Lü Bu made a last stand on the city gate but was eventually overpowered and captured. When brought to Cao Cao, Chen Gong refused to return to his service and chose death so that the law could be upheld; Cao Cao had maintained a general rule that those who surrendered to him, after rejecting an initial call from him to surrender, would not be spared. Cao Cao was moved and provided for Chen Gong's family after Chen's death.

The heads of Lü Bu, Chen Gong, Gao Shun and some of Lü Bu's other followers were sent to Xuchang, capital of Cao Cao.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a 14th-century historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, is a romanticisation of the events that occurred before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In this dramatised version of history, Chen Gong was credited with much undue moral righteousness and craftiness, perhaps to accentuate the unscrupulousness of Cao Cao and incompetence of Lü Bu.

Meeting and parting with Cao Cao
The first incident that illustrates the righteousness of Chen Gong comes in Chapter 4, where Cao Cao was fleeing from Luoyang after a foiled assassination attempt on Dong Zhuo. At Zhongmu County, where Chen Gong was serving as the county magistrate, Cao Cao was captured. When Chen Gong interrogated the fugitive, he was so impressed with Cao Cao's loyalty to the Emperor that he decided to abandon his job and join Cao Cao, who planned to return to his home in Chenliu (陳留; around present-day Kaifeng, Henan) to raise an army against Dong Zhuo.

Along the journey, they passed by the house of Lü Boshe, a sworn brother of Cao Cao's father. There, they killed Lü Boshe's family by mistake, while Cao Cao personally murdered Lü in cold blood later. Chen Gong was shocked by what he witnessed. That night, as Cao Cao slept, Chen Gong considered killing him, but thought it unrighteous to do so. He instead left Cao Cao and travelled to his own hometown in Dong Commandery (東郡; near present-day Puyang, Henan).

Battle of Puyang
Chen Gong's most brilliant, albeit fictitious, manoeuvre came during the Battle of Puyang, when Cao Cao's forces laid siege on Lü Bu in Puyang (濮陽). The incident was described in Chapter 12. Chen Gong, who was then serving Lü Bu, plotted to lure Cao Cao into the city by having a local send a letter to Cao Cao feigning to collude with the latter. The delighted Cao Cao personally led a force deep into the city before realising he had fallen into a trap. At a signal, fires were lit at all the city gates and Lü Bu's troops cut off the evasion routes. Cao Cao barely escaped with his life in the battle and had a narrow face-to-face encounter with Lü Bu, who did not recognise him and allowed him to slip away. Later in Chapter 60, when Zhang Song visited Cao Cao as an emissary from the warlord Liu Zhang, he mocked Cao Cao's past failures by mentioning the Battle of Puyang and other notable battles that Cao Cao lost.

Comics
Chen Gong appears as a character in the Hong Kong manhua The Ravages of Time illustrated by Chan Mou.

Video games

 * Chen Gong appears as a playable character in Koei's video games such as Dynasty Warriors 8: Xtreme Legends and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms series.
 * Chen Gong appears as a playable Caster Class Servant in the game Fate/Grand Order, by Aniplex.
 * Chen Gong appears as a unique legendary Strategist hero in Total War: Three Kingdoms.

Manga
Chen Gong has a minor role as a supporter of Lü Bu in the manga Record of Ragnarok, cheering on his lord as he fights against the Norse god Thor to decide humanity's fate. He retains this role in both the anime and stage play adaptations of the series.

title: Chen Gong


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zazzle.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Woohookitty 06:18, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Zazzle.com and Zazzle
Advertisement --Gunmetal 21:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - advert -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 21:55, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as copyvio from http://www.zazzle.com/welcome/first/about-us.asp Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 21:57, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * delete still spam Hansonc 21:56, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * (Cut and pasted from Votes for deletion/Zazzle -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 22:00, 18 July 2005 (UTC))
 * Delete both, advertising. JamesBurns 08:23, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising Eclipsed 22:45, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but clean up the POV crap.--Daveswagon 13:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both. 205.188.116.135 13:31, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup to remove advertising tone, Alexa #6,968 doesn't quite make it but 120,000 hits and recent buyout by Google do. Dcarrano 17:01, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Cleanup how is it different than Cafepress page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafepress -- 12:48, 24 July 2005 (PST)
 * Cleanup make it more neutral; Cafepress's page should be more neutral too -- 01:27, 24 July 2005 (PST)
 * Keep and cleanup. Isn't cleanup the same as keep? And wouldn't it probably have been fix by now if it had just gotten a cleanup tag in the first place instead of vfd?  The company itself is clearly notable. Just do a Google news search. --Sketchee 13:35, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Military vehicle manufacturers

title: Category:Military vehicle manufacturers


text:
Horace King, Baron Maybray-King

Horace Maybray Maybray-King, Baron Maybray-King, (King; 25 May 1901 – 3 September 1986), was a British politician who served as a member of Parliament (MP) from 1950 until 1971 before becoming a life peer. For most of his time in Parliament, he sat as a Labour MP. Following the death of Harry Hylton-Foster in September 1965, King, who had served as deputy speaker for ten months, became the Speaker of the House of Commons. As was customary, he renounced his party allegiance upon taking up the post. He was the first person from the Labour Party to hold the post.

Early life
Horace King was born in Grangetown near Middlesbrough. His father John William King was an insurance salesman and Methodist local preacher. He was educated at Stockton Secondary School, Stockton-on-Tees, from 1912 to 1917 and never lost touch with these local roots. Horace attended King's College London and graduated with a first-class bachelor's degree in English.

Upon graduating in 1922, King worked as a teacher at Taunton's School in Southampton. He became head of the English department in 1927. While working as a teacher, King studied part-time for his Ph.D. His thesis was on the Folios of Shakespeare. He received his doctorate from King's College London in 1940. He had been excused from military service during World War II due to a duodenal ulcer. He and his family—first wife Victoria Florence (née Harris), whom he married in 1924, and daughter Margaret—and Taunton's school were evacuated to Bournemouth from Southampton in 1940. Among the many pupils was 15-year-old Benny Hill. King was always a keen musician, playing the piano, piano-accordion and organ. During the Second World War he formed various concert parties—"The V Concert Party" was one—which toured the smaller outlying military bases and entertained troops not often reached by ENSA.

He also raised funds by organising concerts to "buy" Spitfires and send aid to Russia. He is believed to have instigated fund raising in Hampshire by letters he wrote to the Hampshire Chronicle in July and August 1940. "The Spitfire Song" - for which he wrote both words and music (originally titled "The Hampshire Spitfire Song") - was recorded by Joe Loss and his Orchestra. The recording changes the phrase "the Hampshire planes" to "the British planes". He and a teacher colleague were the first to translate "Lili Marlene" but were too slow to get their version to the song-publishing market. He left Taunton's in 1947 to become headteacher of Regent's Park Secondary School.

Political career
Having long been involved with left-wing politics, King first stood as a Labour party candidate in the 1945 general election. Labour won with a massive landslide, but King was unsuccessful in his attempt to take the ultra-safe Conservative seat of New Forest and Christchurch. The following year he was elected to Hampshire County Council, on which he served until 1965 with only a single three-year break. His wife, Victoria Florence King, was also politically active - a town councillor and Mayor of Southampton in coronation year, 1953. She died in 1966 and received a posthumous OBE.

Parliament
In the 1950 general election, King successfully fought the newly created Southampton Test seat, albeit with a very small majority. He successfully defended the seat in the 1951 election, which had been called after Labour's 1950 majority had proved unworkable. However, at the 1955 election, King switched his candidacy to the far safer neighbouring seat of Southampton Itchen, where he was re-elected until he left Parliament in 1971. During his time in Parliament he established links with the United States and Canada, and lectured there on the British Constitution and Parliament. During one lecture trip in Georgia he and Martin Luther King Jr. appeared on a local TV station together under the billing of "The Two Dr Kings". He was instrumental in gaining UK support for the UNESCO project of the raising of the temples at Abu Simbel after the flooding of the Nile by the Aswan dam. He promoted bills on corneal grafts and attempted to raise awareness in the 1960s of autism. A keen European, he served in the Council of Europe.

When Harold Wilson was elected as the first Labour Prime Minister for 13 years in 1964, King was selected as the Chairman of Ways and Means and the Deputy Speaker.

Speaker
On 9 September 1965 he was elected Speaker of the House of Commons, a position he held until his retirement on 12 January 1971. While serving as speaker, King was responsible for the speeding up of question time and for changing the dress code to allow women MPs to wear trousers in the House of Commons chamber. He was once deemed unfit to act as speaker due to his drinking. An anecdote in Order Order: The Rise and Fall of Political Drinking recalled King's inebriation with the story that "Horace came in at 9:25pm, and he had two goes at getting up into his chair and the second time he fell to the right across the Clerks' Table with his wig 45 degrees to the left and Bob Mellish (the Government Chief Whip) called out, "You're a disgrace, Horace, and I'll have you out of that chair within three months". Horace turned round so abruptly that his wig was then 45 degrees out the other way, and he gave a brilliant riposte: "How can you get me out of the chair, Bob, when I can't get myself into it?".

In July 1966 King attended the opening of the new Knesset building in Jerusalem, the home of the Israeli legislature. King was asked by the Israeli government to bring the basic records of the British constitution and he bought reproductions of the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the Declaration of Rights and the Bill of Rights. During the parliamentary recess in 1966 King lectured in Athens and Venice on the British parliament and democracy also attended events in Bonn and the Middle East.

After the Commons
After leaving the Commons, he was created a life peer as Baron Maybray-King, of the City of Southampton, on 2 March 1971, having legally changed his surname to Maybray-King on 4 February. He took Maybray from his own middle name, which was his mother Margaret's maiden name. Maybray-King served as a deputy speaker in the House of Lords. He was awarded an honorary degree (Doctor of Laws) by the University of Bath in 1969. In 1977 he celebrated the opening of the Itchen Bridge by being driven across it in a horse-dawn landau.

He is commemorated by his name having been given to an arched passageway leading to the site of the former primary school, off the High Street in the village of Norton-on-Tees, County Durham, in which he lived as a child and in the naming of the A3024 Maybray King Way in Southampton.

He was an active fraternalist with the Loyal Order of Moose in Great Britain. He was created an honorary Grand Governor in 1972 and served as Grand Governor from 1976 to 1977.

Personal life
He was married four times. His first wife, Victoria, died in 1966 after almost 42 years of marriage. He was then married to Una Porter from 1967 until her death in 1978; to Ivy Duncan Foster from 1978 until divorcing in 1981; and to Sheila Atkinson, from March 1986 until his death on 3 September of that year, at the Royal Hampshire Hospital in Southampton.

An unpublished biography/autobiography (A Boy Called Horace) is in the Parliamentary Archives.

title: Horace King, Baron Maybray-King


text:
Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles

Ecclesiastical titles and styles used by the Catholic Church.

title: Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles


text:
Allyn, Washington

Allyn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mason County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,194 as of the 2020 census. It was part of the former Allyn-Grapeview CDP that was broken up into Allyn and Grapeview in 2010. Allyn is located on the western shore of the North Bay region of the Case Inlet of Puget Sound. The area's main road and thoroughfare is State Route 3.

History
The community was first settled in 1853. The town was platted and papers to form the town were filed on September 6, 1889, naming the town after Judge Frank Allyn of Tacoma who was influential in the early development of Allyn. By 1890 Allyn had a post office, school, newspaper, sawmill, two saloons, a hotel and wharf.

Lakeland Village
Lakeland Village, a multi-phase residential development started in the late 1960s with continued current development, includes over 800 homes and makes up a majority of Allyn's population. Lakeland Village is built around a 27-hole golf course and Lake Anderson, a 50 acre private lake providing recreational activities for residents.

Transportation
From the 1870s to the 1920s, transportation needs for Allyn and other communities along Case Inlet were once served by a small flotilla of steamboats. The last steamboat run from Tacoma to Allyn occurred in 1924, but local service may have lasted longer.

Newspaper
The local community based monthly newspaper, called the North Bay Review, services Allyn.

title: Allyn, Washington


text:
DKC

DKC may refer to:

Donkey Kong Country

 * Donkey Kong Country, a video game
 * Donkey Kong Country (TV series), a television series based on the video game

Other uses

 * Dyskeratosis congenita, a genetic disease
 * Dyskerin, a gene also known as DKC1
 * DKC (company), a public relations company

title: DKC


text:
Template:US Senator succession box

 * - style="text-align: center;"

title: Template:US Senator succession box


text:
User talk:Bukkake~enwiki

Please don't vandalise! --Dungodung 21:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Bukkake~enwiki


text:
Scarab Club

The Scarab Club (commonly referred to as Historic Scarab Club of Detroit) is an artists' club, gallery, and studio in the Cultural Center Historic District of Detroit, Michigan, located at 217 Farnsworth Street, near the Detroit Institute of Arts and the Detroit Science Center. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The early years
The Scarab Club was formed in 1907. It began as an informal association named the Hopkin Club after the founder, marine painter Robert Hopkin. The members met regularly to talk art, eat dinner, and critique paintings. The club's vision since inception was "to promote the mutual acquaintance of art lovers and art workers; to stimulate and guide toward practical expression the artistic sense of the people of Detroit; to advance the knowledge and love of the fine arts in every possible manner; and to maintain a clubhouse for entertainment and social purposes as well as to provide working and exhibit facilities for artist members."

Renamed the "Scarab Club" in 1913, the club grew in popularity, and member Lancelot Sukert, a Detroit architect, designed the current clubhouse, which opened its doors on October 5, 1928. The interior of the club is decorated with objets d'art created and contributed by members over the decades. The building showcases exquisite tile sculptures from Pewabic Pottery, including the Scarab Club logo. The ceiling beams of the lounge once served as the club's guest book, and poet Vachel Lindsay signed as one of the first visitors. Since then, signing the beam has become a ceremonial honor, and the autographs of artists including John Sloan, Diego Rivera, Pablo Davis, Marcel Duchamp, Norman Rockwell, and John Sinclair appear on the beams.

American artist, inventor, and automobile pioneer George Schuyler Hodges, of Pontiac, Michigan, was a charter member of the club.

The club's themed costumed balls, held from 1917 to 1950, were the single most important social event in Detroit each year. Life magazine covered the 1937 event with a two-page photo spread, and The Detroit News and The Detroit Free Press also gave the annual balls two pages in their photo sections. Radio station WJR broadcast live from the 1937 "Scarabean Cruise" ball.

For many years The Book Club of Detroit held its regular meetings at the Scarab Club.

The annual Exhibition of Michigan Artists at the Detroit Institute of Arts was originated by the Scarab Club in 1911. In 1915 the Scarab Club Prize became the top award and in 1917 the first Scarab Club Gold Medal was awarded. The gold medal is still the club's most prestigious award, given each December at the Gold Medal Exhibition and Dinner.

The building
The clubhouse was built in 1928 in the Arts and Crafts style by architect and member Lancelot Sukert. The exterior mosaic tiles, which appeared in 1928 renderings, were not completed until the 1980s, when they were finished by W.P.A. muralist and member Edgar Yaeger, who was a junior member of the club in 1928. The ceramic scarab embedded over the front entrance was designed by sculptor Horace Colby and fired at Pewabic Pottery.

The original paneled wood entry in the front hints at intrigue inside, while a brick-walled courtyard in the rear of the building conjures up more pastoral images, with its exquisite flower gardens, fountain and statuary. The club contains several galleries and lounges, as well as six working artist studios. The second floor lounge is unique for its massive ceiling beams painted by members in 1928 and signed by more than 230 artists since, including Diego Rivera, Norman Rockwell, Marshall Fredericks and Pablo Davis. Other beams were painted to depict events in the club's history. The lounge also contains a fireplace with mural depicting different levels of club membership, painted by Paul Honoré. Original mica and metal lighting and furnishings complete the decor.

title: Scarab Club


text:
User talk:Ezell~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --JYolkowski // talk 21:57, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ezell. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ezell~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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title: User talk:Ezell~enwiki


text:
NWAC

NWAC may refer to:
 * National War Aims Committee, cross-party parliamentary organisation established to conduct propaganda within Britain during World War 1
 * Native Women's Association of Canada
 * Naval War: Arctic Circle, a naval strategy computer game
 * New Wineskins Association of Churches, a group of about 200 Presbyterian churches in conflict with the Presbyterian Church (US)
 * Northwest Airlines
 * Northwest Athletic Conference, a sports association

title: NWAC


text:
Romance of the Three Kingdoms X

Romance of the Three Kingdoms X, also known as Sangokushi X (三國志X) in Japan, is the 10th installment in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sangokushi) strategy game series by Koei. It was originally released in the summer of 2004 and the PUK expansion was released several months afterwards. Sangokushi X abandoned many of Sangokushi IX's concepts and favors elements from Sangokushi VII and Sangokushi VIII, as well as Taikou Risshiden, which are in RPG format.

There was also a special edition titled Anniversary Box, which included walkthrough, history book, soundtrack and desk calendar.

Gameplay
The overall objective of the game is to re-unify China. The player takes on the role of a historical figure from the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, referred to as an officer, to achieve this goal. There is also a function to create original characters.

The flow of gameplay is more similar to Sangokushi VIII than to Sangokushi IX, with the player having several possible ranks besides a ruler, each of which alters the players' options considerably. Ranks are fluid during gameplay; while a player's choice of officer initially sets rank, it is common to be promoted, demoted, captured, or even to rebel and form a new force.

In the North American version, the game is only single player.

Stages
There are seven starting scenarios, with four more added in the Power up kit.

Power up kit
Power up kit adds following:

 * Battle history mode. In this stage attack game, story event changes depending on how to play the game.
 * Trial mode. In point trial mode, the goal is to earn as many points as possible in a battle. In victory trial, the goal is to use the assigned army to win as many stages as possible.
 * Ability to marry other generals in-game and raise offspring.
 * 8 new NPCs available for marriage (most of them are characters from ''The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants).
 * 4 new scenarios in January 211, June 221, February 253, January 250. In the January 250 scenario, nearly every character present during Three Kingdoms period appeared. In addition, there are new events.
 * City, item, general editors.
 * Expert (超級) mode. In addition to extra difficulties, the game mechanics can be further customized.
 * Logging feature. In addition to recording events, the logs are integrated with the world map to visually represent player's progresses.
 * The ability to upload your own portraits from your PC into the game, which can then be used by your original characters.

Scenario editor 1.00 adds the following:
 * 'Alliance gathering' setting when editing alliance relations.
 * Assign start-up city for future generals.
 * Upgraded general, city, item editors.

The Power up kit features are incorporated into the re-released PlayStation 2 game (never brought outside Japan or Taiwan), except only 3 of the 4 extra scenarios are available.

title: Romance of the Three Kingdoms X


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Geology of Venus/archive1

Geology of Venus
This article just went through a Spanish Translation of the Week, and it shouldn't take much to raise it to FAC status. I've been working on it quite a bit, and I would like to see that; however, it still needs to be shortened a bit (it's 2KB too long), a better introductory summary, and inline citations. On the good side, the material is stable, comprehensive and accurate; no edit wars are going on; and the images don't have any copyvio problems. General comments will be appreciated too. -- Titoxd 21:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * 32KB of prose is the starting point where an article may be considered too long. This article does not have 32KB of prose, so is fine by that measure and the topic may in fact warrant coverage with a bit more prose without being too taxing on the reader. See Summary Style and Article size. I can't read it now, but I look forward to doing so a bit later and giving feedback (I am very excited that so much was written about the geology of our sister planet and would love to see this topic featured). --mav 17:06, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Nice work. The "Publications" section references three spanish-language books. Can these be replaced by English language equivalents? Thanks. — RJH 18:16, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Those were the original references that the Spanish article drew on when we translated it, but we went looking for additional (and newer, since it seemed that those books were a bit out of date) sources, and they're the English links on the references section. --Titoxd 22:57, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

I am sorry to say that I do not think this article is ready for FAC yet. Some issues: In short, I do not think this article is tightly on topic if the topic is going to be about the geology of Venus. An easy fix to bring this article more on topic would be to rename it surface features of Venus. But answering the above questions would be even better. --mav 18:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems like the first two sections would be more comfortably placed in an article about the exploration of Venus since very little is stated there about the planet's geology (even that is more geography than about geology). Merging what is there with what is at the ==Observations and explorations of Venus== in the Venus article would form a nice basis for such an article. Then a more compact summary can be in the Venus article.
 * The third section deals with topography findings from the explorations. Topography is a sub field of geography, not geology.
 * Section 5 has its title linked. That is bad per the MoS but at least this is the first section that can be interpreted to be about geology.
 * A general lack of inline citations.
 * Lead section needs refactoring. Too long as is and does not really summarize the whole article. This should be the *last* thing done though.
 * No mention of the formation of the planet (this is a biggie).
 * No mention of the leading theories that try to explain why the surface is so young and why the planet has a retrograde rotation (another biggie).
 * A section that compares the evolution of Earth to that of Venus would be very interesting. I am particularly interested in how the role of water and water vapor has impacted the respected planet's geology (hint; without water plate tectonics would not work on Earth).
 * Thanks for the suggestions, they were exactly the kind of general directions I was looking for. While it certainly is more than what I was expecting, it makes a good project for this week. I'll look forward to editing this article (and expanding the sub-articles I'll have to split) and I appreciate any help doing that. --Titoxd 05:39, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * good article, but the image of "Venus dome 3D view.jpg" has no copyright or source info; and flood basalts is a red link which should have atleast a stub explaining it. Uber nemo 05:02, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * I found a copy of the image here, and I'll try to fix the copyright (I'm not a regular of the image namespace), I just have to learn how to do it. --Titoxd 06:04, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. --Titoxd 06:14, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Is the word "geology" used to describe other planets? I've seen the term "selenology" for the Moon, though I have no idea how prevalent that is. Is there another term? John Barleycorn 23:08, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Almost all of the images are much too dark on my monitor.--Bcrowell 01:29, 14 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Phil Campbell (musician)

Philip Anthony Campbell (born 7 May 1961) is a Welsh rock musician, best known as the guitarist in Motörhead from 1984 to 2015. The band disbanded upon the death of founder and frontman Lemmy. He currently tours with his own band Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons, featuring his three sons: Todd, Dane and Tyla.

Early life and career
Campbell was born in Pontypridd, and started playing guitar when he was 10 years old, inspired and influenced by guitarists such as Jimi Hendrix, Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page, Jan Akkerman, Michael Schenker and Todd Rundgren. At the age of 12, Campbell met Lemmy after a Hawkwind gig and asked him for an autograph. By the age of 13, Campbell was playing semi-professionally with a cabaret band called Contrast. He later played with a pub-rock band called Roktopus (not to be confused with Rocktopus) at gigs in and around South Wales. He bought his first Les Paul in 1978 at a New Year's Day guitar sale at a shop on Ealing Broadway, London. The guitar was later stolen but returned.

In 1979, Campbell formed the heavy metal band, Persian Risk, playing on their 7" singles, "Calling For You" (1981) and "Ridin' High" (1983). Compilation albums have been issued which feature some of his work with Persian Risk.

Motörhead
On 8 February 1984, following the departure of Brian Robertson, Motörhead held auditions for a new guitarist, narrowing the candidates down to two guitarists: Michael "Würzel" Burston and Philip Campbell. Though Lemmy had first planned on hiring only one guitarist, he hired both Würzel and Campbell upon hearing them play together.

On 14 February 1984, Motörhead were the musical guest for The Young Ones episode "Bambi". One of the band's most popular compilations, No Remorse, followed shortly, it was released on 15 September. Campbell subsequently toured the world with the band and remained a constant member of Motörhead until they disbanded.

On 28 December 2015, band founder and sole constant member Lemmy died. The following day, drummer Mikkey Dee announced that Motörhead had disbanded, stating: "We will not be doing any more tours or anything. And there will not be any more records. But the fire survives, and Lemmy lives on in the hearts of everyone."

In April 2020, Campbell opened up about how hard it was to see Lemmy struggle towards the end of his life saying that Lemmy “wasn’t quite himself” and that he had been “ageing a little bit more” on Motörhead’s final tour. He also admitted that the end of Motörhead was not easy to adjust to at first.

Debut solo album
In February 2016, Campbell entered the studio along with former Slipknot percussionist Chris Fehn to record a new solo album.

Campbell’s first solo album Old Lions Still Roar was released on 25 October 2019 and features guest vocals from Alice Cooper, Rob Halford, Dee Snider and Benji Webbe.

Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons
The second Motorhead's Motorboat was a themed 5-day cruise from Miami to the Bahamas and featured Phil Campbell's All Starr Band - one of the many support acts to headliners Motorhead, Anthrax and Slayer - who became Phil Campbell And The Bastard Sons.

In November 2016, his new project Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons released their first recording, a self-titled EP. The band has subsequently performed in supporting slots with Guns N' Roses, Hawkwind, Saxon, and Airbourne.

In August 2017, Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons announced that they were to start recording their debut album. On 26 October 2017, Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons announced the title of the debut album as The Age of Absurdity, which was released on 26 January 2018 on Nuclear Blast Records. The album was produced by Romesh Dodangoda.

The band's line up for the first album featured Phil and his three sons, together with former Attack! Attack! vocalist from South Wales Neil Starr. Neil was replaced with vocalist Joel Peters in late 2021.
 * Phil Campbell – guitar
 * Todd Campbell – guitar/harmonica
 * Dane Campbell – drums
 * Tyla Campbell – bass
 * Joel Peters – vocals
 * Romesh Dodangoda – percussion and keyboards on 'Into the Dark'
 * Dave Brock – guitar and vocals on 'Silver Machine'

Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons released a cover of Hawkwind's "Silver Machine" on 21 April 2018 for Record Store Day. The track was previously available as a bonus track on some CD versions of The Age of Absurdity.

The second album "We're The Bastards" was released in 2020 again featuring Neil Starr on vocals.

The third album was a live album called "Live In The North" featuring Joel Peters on vocals recorded in Sunderland in 2021 and released in March 2023.

The fourth album "Kings of the Asylum" was released on the 1st of September 2023 and the release was supported by three video releases in the buildup to the album release featuring the tracks "Schizophrenia", "Hammer and Dance" and "Strike The Match" which was recorded at a special invite only event in Cardiff.

Personal life
Campbell resides in Pontypridd, Wales with his wife Gaynor and their three children.

Equipment
Campbell uses an LAG Explorer Signature model guitar both live and in the studio, fitted with two Seymour Duncan humbuckers and a single (volume) control. He also uses DBZ, Charvel, Caparison, a couple of Framus Custom Shop guitars on stage, with an occasional acoustic Dean. He has also been known to play ESP, PRS, Minarik Infernos, Tokai Love Rock (Les Paul copies) and a Parker Nitefly guitars.

He also uses guitars built by luthier TC Ellis. So far, Ellis has built him a Les Paul-styled, a Stratocaster-styled, and one modelled after Lemmy's custom-built Rickenbacker 4004.

Like Lemmy, Campbell uses Marshall Amplifiers and Cabinets when playing live, currently using Marshall JVM410H, JVM410H-JS, JCM 900 4100 and 1959RR heads. In the studio he has been known to use Line 6, ENGL, Bogner and Laboga Amps. Earlier in his career he occasionally played Gallien-Krueger amplifiers.

He mainly uses Dunlop pedals (Micro Amp, Micro Chorus, Phase 90 (Script or EVH), Carbon Copy, Smart Gate, Slash Octave Fuzz & 95Q wah), strings (10–46) and picks (.88).

with Persian Risk

 * "Calling for You" b/w "Chase the Dragon" 7" (1981)
 * Heavy Metal Heroes Vol.2 compilation (1982)
 * 60 Minutes Plus compilation (1982)
 * All Hell Let Loose compilation (1983)
 * "Ridin' High" b/w "Hurt You" 7" (1983)

with Motörhead

 * Orgasmatron (1986)
 * Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
 * 1916 (1991)
 * March ör Die (1992)
 * Bastards (1993)
 * Sacrifice (1995)
 * Overnight Sensation (1996)
 * Snake Bite Love (1998)
 * We Are Motörhead (2000)
 * Hammered (2002)
 * Inferno (2004)
 * Kiss of Death (2006)
 * Motörizer (2008)
 * The Wörld Is Yours (2010)
 * Aftershock (2013)
 * Bad Magic (2015)

with Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons

 * Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons (EP) (2016)
 * The Age Of Absurdity (2018)
 * We're the Bastards (2020)
 * Live in the North (2023)
 * Kings of the Asylum (2023)

Solo
Studio albums:
 * Old Lions Still Roar (2019)

Guest appearances

 * Drifter – Nowhere To Hide (1989) lead guitar on "Concrete Jungle" and "We Can't Be Beaten"
 * Hawkwind - "Hawkwind 50th Anniversary Live" (2019) guest on "The Watcher" and "Silver Machine"
 * Cro-Mags – In the Beginning (2020) lead and slide guitar on "From the Grave"

title: Phil Campbell (musician)


text:
Talk:Harry Carey (actor)

Lawyer
Is it appropriate to have "American lawyer" as a category? It's says Harry was the son of a lawyer; was he actually an attorney himself? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kyle UNC Law (talk • contribs) 21:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Right, i have remove it. Petrusbarbygere 03:44, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Please keep the stub banner on this article since the silent film's contribution aren't expanding. A mention of the works with John Ford have to be expanding too. Thanks. Petrusbarbygere 03:41, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Harry Carey (actor born 1878) → Harry Carey (actor) — Current name does not follow the usual format. Another option would be to move this page over the dab page, as it only contains himself and his son, Harry Carey, Jr. That would eliminate the See also section of the dab page, however. What's the best thing to do? Cheers, theFace 15:09, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

 * No one seems to care, so I've done what I think is best. Cheers, theFace 14:18, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Article title changed
For the record, I would have objected to the renaming of the father's article as Harry Carey (actor), since both father and son were actors and the son acted in many films without using the Jr. appellation. However, I happened to miss the brief window for discussion, presumably because this disambiguation page is not on my watchlist. Bummer.Monkeyzpop (talk) 01:15, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

 * It may be that his son was often in the credits without Jr. appendix, but all web documents used in his article, including his own website, the website of his production company, and his IMDb entry, call him "Harry Carey Jr.". I'm not an expert in this area, but it seemed logical to me that the majority would refer to him as Jr. to distinguish him from his father, another well known actor. In hindsight, I could have posted a short notice of my proposal at WP:BIOG or WP:FILMS. I did post one at Talk:B movie, but no one seemed to care, so I went ahead and moved the page anyway. Cheers, theFace 07:07, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Just a question...
Slightly off-topic here but, is this the actor (Harry Carey) that Will Ferrel does a parody of on SNL? Or is it his son? Or someone else entirely? The reason I am asking IS related to knowledge though; Whenever I see a parody of something on a show, such as SNL, or Family Guy, etc, I want to know about the original (in this case, Harry Carey). Maximus23623 (talk) 16:19, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

 * That was not Harry Carey, but Harry Caray, a baseball commentator and interviewer. Cheers, theFace 18:26, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Ah, thank you =) Maximus23623 (talk) 00:33, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

Mr Smith.
His role in mr. Smith is actually the vice president as president of the senate. 2600:1014:B1E2:74CA:BCCA:2225:6368:690D (talk) 05:11, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harry Carey (actor)


text:
Talk:Phil Campbell (musician)

Untitled
When I saw Motörhead live this summer in W:O:A, he didn't only use his explorer guitar. He also used a big black(I think) and white one shaped like a fire. I don't know anything about it, but it would be nice if someone could find out. 217.211.102.6 20:25, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Musician with same name
There is another musician tha hhave this name i think so, can someone tell me if it's different people? here the official site: http://www.philcampbellmusic.com/ —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 201.80.165.201 (talk) 02:59, 22 April 2007 (UTC).

Augustus?
I think his name is Philip augustus campbell III, look ace of spades on stage fright dvd —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.160.116.246 (talk) 02:10, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

That's just Lemmy messing around; on live albums he can be heard referring to Brian Robertson as 'Brian Rabinowitz', as another example. 86.144.19.237 (talk) 07:57, 12 November 2009 (UTC)Al, UK

I'm trying to reach Phil, to work as a guest guitarist on an album project coming up in our studio soon..!!!! Jamesshaffer66 (talk) 15:30, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

Photos
I really think it's a bad idea to use two photos that are nearly identical from the same date. Photos are intended to show what the subject looks like, and differences in time, place, aging, or to illustrate topics and dates listed in the text. Just throwing two pictures together because you have them or because one is crappier than the other really detracts from the article instead of enhancing it. Because this is an encyclopedia, this is especially true. If people want to look at a whole catalouge of photos, they can do it in numerous places online. I suggest whoever placed both photos on the article to choose one, and if needed, look for a different one from another time and place.--Leahtwosaints (talk) 03:37, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

Phil's family
In the "Joining Motorhead" section, we find this paragraph:

"Phil is Married with threee children, Todd, Dane and tyler. Six months ago he was driving a grey car. And lives in Church Village pontypridd. His son Dane plays in a band called Straight Lines, Tyler plays in a band named Tiger Please. Unfortunately my friend cannot tell me about Todd as she isn't really friends with him."

Someone must be joking! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alexiskauffmann (talk • contribs) 21:55, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Phil Campbell and the Bastard Sons
There's a desperate need for a page on Phil's new band. Only a fool would say they don't meet the notifiability criterion but I'm not well enough informed on them to produce a page that wouldn't disappear under attack from the speedy deletion zealots before others could get it up to scratch. Stub Mandrel (talk) 12:20, 4 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Phil Campbell (musician)


text: User talk:204.154.114.32

title: User talk:204.154.114.32


text:
Johann Böhm

Johann Böhm (20 January 1895 – 27 November 1952) was a German Bohemian chemist who focused on photochemistry and radiography. The aluminum-containing mineral boehmite (or böhmite) was named after him.

Biography
Böhm studied at the German Polytechnic University in Prague and then worked with Fritz Haber in Berlin where he re-designed and considerably improved the Weissenberg  x-ray goniometer. In 1926 George de Hevesy, then a professor at the University of Freiburg, invited Böhm to co-operate with him on a series of experiments in spectrographic analysis. Afterwards Böhm worked at Freiburg University as an assistant and later as an associate professor. From October 1935 he was a professor of physical chemistry at the German University in Prague. After World War II Böhm was allowed to remain in the country and become again a citizen of Czechoslovakia because he had been active in the anti-Nazi movement supporting Czech scientists such as Jaroslav Heyrovský, but was not permitted to continue his academic career. He worked in an industrial research institute in Rybitví (Výzkumný ústav organických syntéz). A few days before his death he was appointed Corresponding Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

He died in Prague on 27 November 1952.

title: Johann Böhm


text: Brachyology

title: Brachyology


text: User talk:82.58.218.132

title: User talk:82.58.218.132


text:
Pram (ship)

A pram or pramm describes a type of shallow-draught flat-bottomed ship, usually propelled by pushing the ship through the water using a long pole, although sailing prams also exist. The name pram derives from the Latin premere ("press [verb]").

Historically, prams were often used to transport agricultural cargo or cattle through shallow canals and wetlands in Europe. During the times of the Great Northern War, those types of watercraft were used as a floating battery for artillery support during amphibious assault. In the Netherlands they were used to transport peat.

There is also an unrelated type of boat called "pram".

title: Pram (ship)


text:
Guarani-Kaiowá

Guarani-Kaiowás are an indigenous people of Paraguay, the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul and northeastern Argentina. In Brazil, they inhabit Ñande Ru Marangatu, an area of tropical rainforest. This was declared a reservation in October 2004. Marcos Verón, a leader of this people was beaten to death in January 2003.

They are one of the three Guaraní sub-groups (the others are Ñandeva and Mbya).

They mainly live in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It is estimated that more than 30,000 Guaranis live in Brazil. In Paraguay they number about 40,000. The Guaraní language is one of the official languages of Paraguay, alongside the Spanish language.

Name
The Guarani-Kaiowá are also known as the Kaiwá, Caingua, Caiua, Caiwa, Cayua, Kaiova, and Kayova. These spellings were largely devised by Europeans, The National Museum of Brazil (Portuguese: Museu Nacional) keeps records of the earliest Latinized forms for transcribing the name on behalf of the people, coincidentally Kaiowá means exactly this 'the people' - in their own language.

Language
They speak the Kaiwá language, a Tupi-Guarani language, Subgroup I. Literacy is extremely low—from 5% to 10%. Kaiwá is written in the Latin script.

Culture
The Guaraní sub-groups have different ways of social organisation, but they share a religion which sees the land as very important. The god Ñande Ru created the Guarani as the first peoples and the Guarani are deeply spiritual, as there's a prayer house in every village and the cacique, shaman, is of great importance in the community.

"Terra sem Mal", which means land without evil is the land of the dead people in their mythology, and it is important that every soul can go to Terra sem Mal. When invaders occupied Guarani land, the Guarani feel as if their religion is offended, and when they lose their land to intruders they have too little land to sustain their traditional life, based on fishing, hunting, and farming.

Many live in abject poverty in camp sites at the side of busy motorways or in temporary settlements in occupied farmland in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Central-West Region, Brazil. They consider this land as their ancestral land.

Their lifestyles consist on living happily on their own land, growing small crops to support their livelihood. These villages have schools and Government assistance.

Despite the tribe still fights for living in this territory according to their traditions, young generations are starting to getting in contact with new technologies thanks to the work of some NGO’s such as Our Tribe. These NGOs offer workshops to teach young tribe members techniques to document their lifestyles.

Survival
The Guarani-Kaiowá had no contact with the European settlers before the late 1800s. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Guarani-Kaiowá tribe has been gradually forced to leave their traditional settlements as a consequence of the deforestation to get soy, corn and cane plantations. This eviction process has worsened the Guarani-Kaiowá living conditions. Furthermore, the non-secured and underpaid work on plantations has provoked deaths, even of young children, during decades. The attacks this community has received have their root on the high profitability of the lands they inhabit for the growing of agri-businesses and biofuel industry. For example, the Guarani tribe has denounced for years the permanent threat of expulsion from their lands and the poisoning by farmers of their water resources.

The conflict of interest between Brazilian authorities and indigenous tribes has increased since the South American country was chosen to harbor the next Football World Cup in 2014. In October 2012, a group of 170 Kaiowás (50 men, 50 women and 70 children) camping for almost a year at the Cambará farm, near the Joguico River in Iguatemi, Mato Grosso do Sul, at the border with Paraguay, after an eviction order had been issued by a federal judge, declared they were ready to accept their extinction. According to a letter sent to the Conselho Indigenista Missionário (Cimi, Missionary Indian Council) and to the national management of Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai):

We are already going to and want to be killed and buried along with our ancestors here where we are today, therefore, we ask the Government and the Federal Justice not to decree our eviction, but instead we request them to decree our mass death and to bury us all here.

We ask them, once and for all, to decree our total decimation and extinction, besides sending many tractors to dig a large hole to drop and bury our bodies. This is our request to the federal judges. We already await this decision of the Federal Justice. Decree our mass death Guarani and Kaiowá of Pyelito Kus/Mbarakay and bury us here. Given that we fully decided it and won't leave this place dead or alive.

The federal order detailed that in case the indigenous community does not abandon the land, the Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai) will have to pay 250 dollars per day they still occupy the territory.

Parts of the Brazilian press understood the letter as a mass suicide announcement. The Avaaz.org issued a petition against their genocide. The decision was suspended by a court order on October 30, 2012.

In 2012 the Indian museum in Rio de Janeiro, around which exists a Guarani-Kaiowá settlement, also received an eviction order. This settlement is next to Maracana football stadium, which in requirements of the FIFA, has to be expanded for the inauguration and closure ceremonies of the Football World Cup.

In October 2012 Rio de Janeiro’s Governor Sergio Cabral said in a press conference that it was necessary to overthrow the old museum. The building was abandoned in 1977 and occupied by indigenous communities since that moment. “It has no historic value and it is going to be demolished because the FIFA and World Cup Organizational Committee demand it” he explained. However, the FIFA clarified through a press note in posterior dates that it never asked for the demolition of the Indian Museum.

In the Guarani-Kaiowá and other ethnicities response to that decision was clear. The twelve of January 2012 a police unit arrived at the indigenous land without a judicial order to evict the community and the inhabitants were waiting to them at the beginning of the settlement to defend it. The settlement siege lasted over 12 hours and finished when the police unit left the territory without taking any action, as they never had the embargo and demolition judicial order. The retirement was applauded by the indigenous community. Despite this temporary victory, the Guarani-Kaiowá tribe is still threatened by more mobilizations that would try to evict them from the unique place they and their ancestral culture are protected.

title: Guarani-Kaiowá


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Giltin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 03:56, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Matt Giltin
one hit on Google that might be him assuming that you correct the spelling of the name to "Gitlin" Hansonc 22:02, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. Dcarrano 00:18, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 08:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Feydey 21:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Czech chemists

title: Category:Czech chemists


text:
Adna, Washington

Adna is an unincorporated community located in Lewis County, Washington.

Etymology
An early resident, J.G. Browning named the town "Willoway" for the saying "Where there's a will, there's a way", the favorite saying of his wife, Edna. In 1892, the town's name was changed by the railroad to Pamona to distinguish it from the Willapa townsite. However, the town was required to change the name again as another Pomona, Washington existed.

Two different versions for arriving at the current, official name are recorded. Historical archives indicate that the moniker was chosen as "Edna", after Edna Browning, with the first letter subsequently changed because a post office, Edna, was already in use. Other research has the town renamed by a railway superintendent on behalf of a family member, Adna Marian, in 1894.

History
During the Great Coastal Gale of 2007, downtown Adna was inundated with rushing floodwaters approximately 4.5 ft high. Batting cages at the high school were used as a command center during the flood.

Geography
Adna is located next to the Chehalis River and is 6 mi southwest of Chehalis. The town of Littell is 1.5 miles to the east. The town straddles Washington State Route 6.

Parks and recreation
Situated next to Adna High School is Back Memorial County Park. The grounds were donated by the Back family in 1978 and the 5.0 acre grounds have hosted a softball tournament that raises scholarships in memory of a local coach. The park was temporarily used by the high school football team in the early 1980s when the stadium was being rebuilt. It is home to ballfields and a small running track.

To the southeast of the community is Rose County Park. Locally shortened to Rose Park, the area is 21.0 acre and contains picnic facilities, playgrounds, and a 0.4 mi hiking path that was outfitted as a fitness trail. Both parks are under the oversight of the Lewis County Parks and Recreation Department and maintenance for Back Memorial is handled by the local Lions Club.

A paved parking lot and trailhead are located in Adna for access to the Willapa Hills Trail.

Politics
Adna is recognized as being majority Republican and conservative.

The 2020 election included votes for candidates of the Libertarian Party and there were 10 votes for write-in candidates.

Education
Adna is home to the Adna School District, which includes two schools, Adna Elementary and Adna Middle/High School. One of the first schools to serve Adna was built in 1893 and was known as the Bell Tower School. The high school football field was constructed by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in the 1930s on the site of the original Adna High School.

Sports
, the high school girls' softball team has won the state championship 11 times, including back-to-back titles twice, in 1994-1995 and 2023-2024. Other title years include 2011, 2015, and 2019.

The Adna football team won the state championship in 1989. The boys' baseball team won the Central 2B League state title in 2015.

Infrastructure
A broadband project, authorized due to a $12 million Washington State Broadband Office grant given to the Lewis County PUD, is to be installed in the Bunker Creek area around Adna. The placement of fiber-optic cable and other components will stretch along and across State Route 6 and is expected to begin in 2024 and completed in 2026.

The post office is located in the Adna Grocery building.

title: Adna, Washington


text: File:The Blackwater Litghtship.jpg

title: File:The Blackwater Litghtship.jpg


text:
Talk:Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges

Untitled
Why is it named the 'Hungerford' Bridge??

The first bridge at this location was a suspension bridge, designed by IK Brunel. At the north end it landed on the site of Hungerford market, and so the bridge was called Hungerford bridge. The market was named after the Earl of Hungerford, who owned the land.
 * I had always thought that it was called Hungerford Bridge because the chains used in the original pedestrian suspension bridge came from a suspension bridge at Hungerford, Berkshire. This makes the chains at Clifton third-hand (!) I have to say I am not confident enough to add this bit of history to the main article - I will go away and check my facts. Rickedmo 21:15, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
 * See |the relevant volume of the Survey of London The article probably needs some mention of the former Hungerford Market.--Lang rabbie 22:06, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

The Title
I think the title needs to be changed to the Golden Jubilee Bridges. Its former name can then be mentioned in the article.

 * Only the two pedestrian bridges are called the Golden Jubilee Bridges. MRSC 20:11, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

The Iron Bridge?
From Southwark Bridge article: ''It was known as the "Iron Bridge" in comparison to London Bridge the "Stone Bridge". The bridge was notable for having the longest cast iron span, 240 feet (73 m), ever made. It is frequently referenced by Charles Dickens, for example in Little Dorrit and Our Mutual Friend, and there was a recreation of the old bridge made for the 2008 Little Dorrit (TV serial).''

From Hungerford Bridge article: This bridge is probably the 'Iron Bridge' of Dickens's Little Dorrit (1855-7).

Presumably one is wrong, and I'm guessing from the text Southwark is likely to be the right one, but the sources on the pages don't clarify either way.

I've posted this to the talk pages of both bridges, so if you clarify on one please close the issue on the other. Lessthanideal (talk) 23:26, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * In Chapter 9, the iron bridge is described as having a pavement and road, so it can't be Hungerford. --DavidCane (talk) 23:06, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes it can be. The only known photograph of the original Hungerford bridge (of 1845) taken by Fox Talbot shows a suspension bridge using iron chains as the support for the pedestrian roadway.  There was no railway bridge on the site at that time.

Hungerford Bridge?
The article refers to Hungerford Bridge in the present as though it is still standing and also refers to the railway bridge. Not the case I'm afraid.

The original Hungerford Bridge was built in 1845 as a pedestrial footbridge to a suspension design.

In 1863 the Charing Cross Railway Bridge was build on the site of the Hungerford Bridge which was demolished to make way. Two pedestrian footbridges named the Hungerford Bridges were built either side of the Railway Bridge.

In 1887 the upstream pedestrian bridge was removed to allow the railway bridge to be widened.

In 1979 the Hungerford Bridge was replaced by a new structure, while a temporary scafolding and board structure was provided on the upstream side of the railway bridge to maintain the pedestrian right of way.

Finally in 2002, the cable stayed Golden Jubilee foot bridges were built and the remaining Hungerford footbridge removed.

The important issue here: is that the railway bridge has never been called Hungerford Bridge (except in error) having been always called, as it is, "Charing Cross Railway Bridge". There is no bridge on the site called Hungerford Bridge today as both foot bridges are called "Golden Jubille Bridge (upstream)" and "Golden Jubilee Bridge (downstream)".

All this information can be found in many sources, but a quick search found it in Thames Bridges from Dartford to Source by Neil Davenport. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.153.242.10 (talk) 14:10, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Interesting. I note that the rmain article reference (1) also refers to the railway bridge as "Charing Cross Railway Bridge" when it is clearly talking about the railway bridge on its own.  It also makes two refences to "Hungerford (Charing Cross) Bridge" but in two locations where it could clearly be refering to both the railway and pedestrian bridge.  The other reference to "Hungerford Bridge" is clearly the title of the painting so captioned - so not really a good source.

 * Since the information in the article is effectively unsourced, and you seem to have a valid and verifiable source, I would say go ahead and amend the article to match your source (this is nothing less than what Wikipedia demands). If someone wishes to restore the original wording then they will have to provide a source that trumps yours (WP:BURDEN). DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 15:55, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

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text: User talk:68.60.138.105

title: User talk:68.60.138.105


text:
User talk:Murdurn

Please don't add nonsense to Wikipedia. If you think you have added something which is not nonsense, please give a reference for it here on your talk page. DJ Clayworth 22:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Your 'Thespis' article is obvious nonsense. If you continue to add nonsense to Wikipedia you will be blocked from editing. If you think there is a reason why you should not be blocked please say so here. DJ Clayworth 22:34, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Laffotyoo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Laffotyoo.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. ZsinjTalk 02:56, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Murdurn