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Talk:Lou Holtz

References (or lack thereof)
I note that an edit today removed the reference to the NCAA violation report.

Personally, I think that it would be appropriate (not least considering Wikipedia policies) to cite information on things like NCAA violations. Should the reference stay in? Should additional references be included for the other NCAA sanctions that are mentioned? --Mr Wednesday 19:52, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

I included the official NCAA reports to begin with and am puzzled that anyone would choose to remove the citations. Further, the latest edit indicating that Holtz's involvement was not established by the reports is misguided on two counts, I believe. 1) Holtz was specifically named as having committed an infraction (as referenced in the text) when he was at Minnesota. 2) It is a fundamental truth of college athletics that coaches are held responsible for the NCAA compliance of the programs they head. As for the relevance, I checked the wikipedia entries of other figures involved in large, small and ongoing NCAA compliance controversies and found no consistency, certainly no implemented standard that the controversies not be mentioned. Ny1995 (talk) 14:00, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Deprecated template
The CFB Coaching Records templates have been deprecated in favor of the CFB Yearly Record templates. Unless there's a good reason not to, I'll convert the section to use the CFB Yearly Record templates soon. Gopherguy 21:58, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I've made the conversion.Gopherguy 06:17, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

College football importance rating
The rating has recently been changed from low to high. I don't believe that Holtz qualifies as high priority. According to the Classification determinations section, as a former coach, he would only qualify for high priority if he is a "historic person considered fundamental to the understanding of college football". Holtz isn't in that category, so he should be rated "mid". Gopherguy 20:38, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree he isn't fundamental to the understanding of the game and he isn't a current coach. He should be a mid or a low. Here's the def page.General125 00:46, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Deleted Firsts at South Carolina under Coach Holtz section
Came straight from here.  P G Pirate  17:37, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Introductory Paragraph
there is no way that saying "Lou Holtz is known for his quick wit" is NPOV. He is known more for picking notre dame to win over any other team, having the worst college football game prediction record on ESPN, and for his grating lisp, than he is for his quick wit. YOUareTIGERBAIT (talk) 18:16, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Boise State Football
Lou why are you so biased against Boise State. Is it that you hate to see a Western team on top. Kelin Moore is the top passing Quater back in the nation and Boise is undefeated in two seasons. You whine about Oregon getting beat by Boise the first game of the season and how Oregon had a bad game. Why don't you in all you infinate wisdom schedule another game between Boise and Oregon this season. You are supposed to be such a wizard at football, but you won' give a team like Boise the credit due. It is really disgusting to watch you on prime time television knocking Boise so bad. krwhite. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.39.174.68 (talk) 04:53, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

He authored additional books
I know that Lou Holtz authored at least one additional book. It's been out of print for many years...but I'd still love to find a copy of it.

The Grass is Always Greener is the name of the book. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.248.48.177 (talk) 17:08, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I'll list it too, from OCLC: --Funandtrvl (talk) 21:27, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Lou Holtz


text:
Sweeter Things: A Compilation

Sweeter Things: A Compilation is a 1991 compilation album by 54-40. It was their final release for Warner-Reprise, and compiled tracks from their albums 54-40, Show Me and Fight for Love. The title track from 1984's Set the Fire as well as two unreleased tracks, "Sweeter Things" and "Don Quixote", are also included.

The band subsequently moved to Columbia Records for its next studio project, 1992's Dear Dear.

Track listing

 * 1) "Miss You"  – 4:35
 * 2) "Over My Head"  – 3:24
 * 3) "Laughing"  – 3:51
 * 4) "Baby Have Some Faith"  – 5:50
 * 5) "Here in My House"  – 3:50
 * 6) "Sweeter Things"  – 4:05
 * 7) "One Day in Your Life"  – 4:15
 * 8) "Get Back Down"  – 4:15
 * 9) "One Gun"  – 4:16
 * 10) "Walk in Line"  – 4:23
 * 11) "Set the Fire"  – 4:49
 * 12) "Take My Hand"  – 4:34
 * 13) "I Go Blind"  – 2:47
 * 14) "Baby Ran"  – 4:33
 * 15) "Alcohol Heart"  – 4:15
 * 16) "Me Island"  – 5:14
 * 17) "Don Quixote"  – 6:01

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sweeter Things: A Compilation


text: Talk:Positioning (marketing)

title: Talk:Positioning (marketing)


text:
Antonio Freeman

Antonio Michael Freeman (born May 27, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), most notably for the Green Bay Packers. He attended the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute and Virginia Tech.

College career
Freeman played college football at Virginia Tech, where he caught 121 passes for 2,207 yards and 22 touchdowns in four seasons. He also returned 64 punts for 652 yards and another touchdown, and rushed for 37 yards. His accomplishments earned him enshrinement in the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame.

 * 1991: 19 catches for 274 yards with 2 TD
 * 1992: 32 catches for 703 yards with 6 TD
 * 1993: 32 catches for 644 yards with 9 TD
 * 1994: 38 catches for 586 yards with 5 TD

Professional career
Freeman was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 1995 NFL Draft. In his rookie season, he returned a punt 76 yds for a touchdown during a playoff win over Atlanta. He went on to lead the Packers in receiving in four seasons from 1996–1999, and led the NFL in receiving in 1998.

The peak of Freeman's career occurred during his first tenure with the Green Bay Packers including a victory in Super Bowl XXXI in 1997 over the New England Patriots. During that Super Bowl, Freeman caught a then-Super Bowl record-length touchdown pass of 81 yards from Brett Favre. The record was eclipsed in Super Bowl XXXVIII when Muhsin Muhammad caught an 85-yard touchdown pass. That play would give the Packers the lead for good as they went on to win 35–21. Freeman finished the game with three receptions for 105 yards. The following year, Freeman gained over 1,200 receiving yards as Green Bay advanced to their second consecutive Super Bowl, where he caught 9 passes for 126 yards and 2 touchdowns in the 31–24 loss to the Denver Broncos. His 230 all-purpose yards in the game was the third highest total in Super Bowl history.

In 1998, Freeman had his best NFL season, catching 84 passes for a league leading 1,424 receiving yards and earning the right to his only Pro Bowl appearance.

During overtime of a Monday night game on November 6, 2000 despite bad weather conditions, Freeman caught what initially appeared to be an incomplete pass while lying on his side—after almost being intercepted by Minnesota Vikings cornerback Cris Dishman, the ball actually bounced off multiple parts of Freeman's body without hitting the ground. Untouched by the defender, Freeman jumped to his feet and ran the ball in for the winning touchdown over the Vikings, the Packers' rival. The touchdown prompted ABC play-by-play announcer Al Michaels, who was stunned by the play, to shout, "He did WHAT?!" In 2005, ESPN labeled the catch as the greatest play in the history of Monday Night Football. Freeman has said it was the second best catch of his career (claiming his best to be an 81-yard touchdown reception in Super Bowl XXXI).

Freeman played for the Green Bay Packers from 1995 through the 2001 NFL season. After feuding with Packers Head Coach Mike Sherman in 2001, Freeman signed with the Philadelphia Eagles. His final game in his first Packers tenure was against the St. Louis Rams during the 2001 NFL playoffs. He then went on to play a year for the Eagles in 2002 before coming back to Green Bay for the 2003 season and a second tenure with the club. His final catch with the Packers occurred on the road in December 2003 during the fourth quarter of Brett Favre's phenomenal performance against the Oakland Raiders on ABC's Monday Night Football, following the death of Favre's father. He played his final game with Green Bay in the infamous "4th and 26" debacle in the NFL playoffs against the Philadelphia Eagles in January 2004. Freeman last played in the NFL with the Miami Dolphins during 2004 training camp.

In his ten NFL seasons, Freeman caught 477 passes for 7,251 yards, gained 1,007 yards returning kickoffs and punts, and scored 61 touchdowns. He played in the Pro Bowl in 1999. His teams made the playoffs in seven of his NFL seasons. He appeared in four NFC Championship Games and two Super Bowls. He ranks sixth all-time on the Green Bay Packers receivers list with 6,651 yards on 431 catches. Freeman had three 1,000 yard receiving seasons in his career, 1997-1999. Nicknamed "Free", in 2006 Freeman won a Pop Warner Award for his work with youth.

On June 16, 2007, Freeman signed with the Packers to retire with the team. He was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 2009.

Freeman occasionally participates as an analyst on ESPN First Take and NFL Live, mostly during NFL season. He has also appeared on ESPN College Gameday in support of his alma mater Virginia Tech. Freeman now appears on Redskins Kickoff and Redskins Postgame Live as a commentator on Comcast SportsNet Washington. Freeman was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 2012.

Antonio Freeman has hosted his own radio show 'The End Zone with Antonio Freeman' since 2010, the show currently airs on WTSO in Madison and WOKY in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

title: Antonio Freeman


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniel Birch (footballer)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was ALREADY SPEEDIED, but not by me. -Splash 01:33, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Birch (footballer)
Not sufficiently notable, possible vanity article. This person is a 14-year old football (soccer) player, who has just played for a few obscure schoolboy teams. Delete PatGallacher 17:41, 2005 July 14 (UTC)
 * Delete. Well-written vanity, but still vanity.--Scimitar parley 18:02, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Dcarrano 20:32, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity. --Durin 20:51, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Should we lump Pannal Sports Panthers in with this VfD? On initially seeing these articles, I was going to put them up for VfD. However, my not being a resident of the country in question left me in doubt as to how notable this sort of thing was. Given coverage by the BBC, I held back. I still think they should both be VfD'd though. --Durin 20:51, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I did very seriously consider this myself. However, looking into this, the club does have some mention on BBC sports pages.  Also, loooking at e.g. the Category Scottish football clubs, a fairly large number of British junior football teams already have entries, we could end up doing a hatchet job.  I suppose as Wikipedia is not paper we could set the threshhold fairly low in this case.  Nevertheless there are limits, this person should still be deleted. PatGallacher 23:12, 2005 July 14 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. but good wiki-writer. an effort should be made to bring this individual into the fold. --jonasaurus 21:45, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Etacar11 01:05, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Okay, now that I have more information this guy does look non-notable. (On a side note, if the writing style people seem to like has anything to do with my editing, I'm flattered.) --Alynna 04:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

im dan birch. i am sorry if i put myself in this. i just felt like it, i want my team to get coverage. sorry if i made a mistake. if u want ill delete it.

 * Don't worry, Wikipedia can be a bruising place at times. I probably did some silly things myself when I was 14.  I've seen some adults do stupider things than this on Wikipedia.  I don't think you can delete the article yourself, but if you accept that it should be deleted we can treat it as a speedy delete.  I'm not sure if an article on your football team would be OK, but if you write a reasonable article on the league they play in, or your school, or the town where you live that would probably be OK, although I'm afraid I can't promise anything. PatGallacher 10:36, 2005 July 15 (UTC)

Im not sure. i just want to say that i reckon we footballers shld be able to write profiles Dan Birch

By the way, my article was not a breacg of vandalism, it is perfectly realistic and dont listen to the other boys. delete theirs! they are commiting breach of conduct. Dan Birch 14:54 (at School!)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Tootsie Roll Industries

Tootsie Roll Industries is an American manufacturer of confectionery based in Chicago, Illinois. Its best-known products include the namesake Tootsie Rolls and Tootsie Pops. Tootsie Roll Industries currently markets its brands internationally in Canada, Mexico, and over 75 other countries.

History
In 1896, Leo Hirschfeld, an Austrian Jewish immigrant to the United States, began work at a small candy shop located in New York City owned by the Stern & Saalberg firm. In 1907, Hirschfeld decided he wanted a chocolate-tasting candy that would not melt in the heat, and that would be an economical artificial alternative to traditional chocolates. He named the candy after the nickname of his daughter, Clara "Tootsie" Hirschfeld. By this point, the company had expanded to a five-story factory. In 1917, the name of the company was changed to The Sweets Company of America. It was reformed and listed on the American Stock Exchange in 1919.

The business forced Hirschfeld out about a year later, and he started a new company, Mells Candy Corporation, also known as The Merry Mells Company. Owing to health and family issues, he committed suicide in 1922. Mells failed in 1924.

In 1931, the Tootsie Pop — a hard-candy lollipop with Tootsie Roll filling — was invented, and quickly became popular with Dust Bowl refugees during the Great Depression era because of its low price. During World War II, Tootsie Rolls became a standard part of American soldiers' field rations, due to the sustainability of the candy under a variety of environmental conditions.

In 1935, the company was in serious difficulty. Its principal supplier of paper boxes, Joseph Rubin & Sons of Brooklyn — concerned about the possible loss of an important customer — became interested in the possibility of acquiring control. The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but Bernard D. Rubin acquired a list of shareholders and approached them in person in order to purchase their shares. The Rubins eventually achieved control and agreed that Bernard would run the company as president. Mr. Rubin was able to steadily increase sales and restore profits, changing the formula of the Tootsie Roll and increasing its size, moving from Manhattan to a much larger plant in Hoboken, New Jersey, and guiding the company successfully through the difficult war years when vital raw materials were in short supply. When he died in 1948, he had increased the sales volume twelvefold. After his death, his brother William B. Rubin became president and remained president until 1962.

In 1962, William's daughter, Ellen Rubin Gordon, took control, and as of January 2015, is Chairman and CEO of the company. For many years prior to his death, her husband, Melvin Gordon, was Chairman and CEO from 1962 to 2015.

In 1966, the company adopted its current name of "Tootsie Roll Industries, Inc."

The company has acquired several famous brands of confections such as The Candy Corporation of America's Mason Division (1972), Cella's Confections (1985), The Charms Company (1988), Warner-Lambert's candy division (1993; excluding gum and mints), Andes Candies (2000), and Concord Confections (2004).

Facilities
The company's headquarters is located on the South Side of Chicago, in a portion of the former Dodge Chicago Plant where the majority of the company's candy is produced. The company also has a factory in Mexico City where it produces some flavors of Tootsie Pops and other candy products for the Mexican market as well as for export to the U.S. and Canada. There is also a candy factory in The Port neighborhood of Cambridge, Massachusetts (belonging to the subsidiary "Cambridge Brands", formerly home to its predecessor, the James O. Welch Company), and a factory in Spain that produces candy for export to Canada.

Brands and products
Tootsie Roll brands and products include:
 * Andes Chocolate Mints
 * Candy Blox
 * Cella's chocolate-covered cherries
 * Charleston Chew candy bars
 * Charms Blow Pops and Caramel Apple Pops
 * Child's Play assorted candies
 * Dots gumdrops and Crows licorice candy
 * Dubble Bubble, Thrills, Razzles, and Cry Baby chewing gum
 * Fluffy Stuff cotton candy
 * Frooties fruit flavored chewy candy
 * Junior Mints
 * Nik-L-Nip juice confection
 * Polar Mint
 * Sugar Daddy and Sugar Babies
 * Tootsie Rolls and Tootsie Pops
 * Wack-O-Wax, wax lips candy

title: Tootsie Roll Industries


text:
June Lake (California)

June Lake is a subalpine lake within the Inyo National Forest, in Mono County, eastern California. It is at an elevation of 7621 ft in the Eastern Sierra Nevada.

Geography
It is located 20 mi north from Mammoth Lakes and 15 mi south from Lee Vining, California. It is one of the four lakes (June Lake, Gull Lake, Silver Lake & Grant Lake) inside the June Lake Loop. It is located about 5 mi south of the southern end of Mono Lake following U.S. Route 395 and then 2 mi west on State Route 158.

Activities
Fishing is considered one of the favorite summer sports. A small population of Lahontan cutthroat trout can be found in June Lake. In the 1960s rainbow trout were plentiful. There are two marinas at June Lake: June Lake Marina and Big Rock Resort.

title: June Lake (California)


text:
User talk:Bozoid

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Happy editing!

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P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Bozoid


text:
Talk:Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study

I am the author of the material in the GMU 2010 plan and am director of the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study at George Mason University. Therefore there is no copyright issue. This can be checked out at http://krasnow.gmu.edu/olds

Nobel Prize
Who are the people at the Institute with a Nobel prize? The people page on the site only lists one: Murray Gell-Mann. -David Youngberg 02:41, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

At the 1993 conference that started the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study on its scientific way, Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon joined Nobel Laureate Murray Gell-Mann. Then subsequently the late Nobel Laureate Julius Axelrod served for five years on the board of the Institute. In addition, Nobel Laureate Don Glaser and Nobel Peace Prize winner Lech Walesa have spent time at the Institute.


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Hospital corpsman

A hospital corpsman (HM) or corpsman is an enlisted medical specialist of the United States Navy, who may also serve in a U.S. Marine Corps unit. The corresponding rating within the United States Coast Guard is health services technician (HS).

Overview
Hospital corpsmen work in a wide variety of capacities and locations, including shore establishments such as naval hospitals and clinics, aboard ships, and as the primary medical caregivers for sailors while underway. Hospital corpsmen are frequently the only medical care-giver available in many fleet or Marine units on extended deployment. In addition, hospital corpsmen perform duties as assistants in the prevention and treatment of disease and injury and assist health care professionals in providing medical care to sailors and their families.

They may function as clinical or specialty technicians, medical administrative personnel and health care providers at medical treatment facilities. They also serve as battlefield corpsmen with the Marine Corps, rendering emergency medical treatment to include initial treatment in a combat environment. Qualified hospital corpsmen may be assigned the responsibility of independent duty aboard ships and submarines, Fleet Marine Force, SEAL and Seabee units, and at isolated duty stations where no medical officer is available.

Hospital corpsmen were previously trained at Naval Hospital Corps School, Great Lakes, Illinois, and the U.S. Naval Hospital Corps School San Diego, California, until the 2011 Base Realignment and Closure Bill caused Hospital Corps School to be relocated to the Medical Education and Training Campus (METC) at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. Naval Hospital Corps School was also located at NRMC Balboa in San Diego, California.

During the Vietnam War, many of the 16-week Naval Hospital Corps school graduates went directly to 8404 Field Medical Service School (FMSS) at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, or Camp Pendleton, California, for nine weeks of field training, before deployment to a Marine Corps unit in South Vietnam.

In the United States Marine Corps, the colloquial form of address for a Hospital Corpsman who rate to wear the Navy's Fleet Marine Force (FMF) warfare device (showing they were or are attached to an FMF Unit) is "Doc", which is generally used as a sign of respect. Hospital Corpsman who are not authorized to wear the device would still be referred to by their rate and rank.

History
Prior to the establishment of the hospital corps, enlisted medical support in the U.S. Navy was limited in scope. In the Continental Navy and the early U.S. Navy, medical assistants were assigned at random out of the ship's company. Their primary duties were to keep the irons hot and buckets of sand at the ready for the operating area. It was commonplace during battle for the surgeons to conduct amputations and irons were used to close lacerations and wounds. Sand was used to keep the surgeon from slipping on the bloody ship deck. Previously, corpsmen were commonly referred to as loblolly boys, a term borrowed from the Royal Navy, and a reference to the daily ration of porridge fed to the sick. The nickname was in common use for so many years that it was finally officially recognized by the Navy Regulations of 1814. In coming decades, the title of the enlisted medical assistant would change several times—from loblolly boy, to nurse (1861), and finally to bayman (1876). A senior enlisted medical rating, surgeon's steward, was introduced in 1841 and remained through the Civil War. Following the war, the title surgeon's steward was abolished in favor of apothecary, a position requiring completion of a course in pharmacy.

Still, there existed pressure to reform the enlisted component of the Navy's medical department—medicine as a science was advancing rapidly, foreign navies had begun training medically skilled sailors, and the U.S. Army had established an enlisted hospital corps in 1887. Navy Surgeon General J.R. Tryon and subordinate physicians lobbied the Navy administration to take action. With the Spanish–American War looming, Congress passed a bill authorizing establishment of the U.S. Navy Hospital Corps, signed into law by President William McKinley on 17 June 1898. Three ratings were created therein—hospital apprentice, hospital apprentice first class (a petty officer third class), and hospital steward, which was a chief petty officer.

A revision in 1916 established a new rate structure. With the introduction of a second junior rate there were now hospital apprentice second class (HA2c) and hospital apprentice first class (HA1c). The rating title for petty officers was established as pharmacist's mate (PhM), following the pattern of some of the Navy's other ratings (boatswain's mate, gunner's mate, etc.). Pharmacist's mate third class (PhM3c), second class (PhM2c), and first class (PhM1c) were now the petty officers, and chief pharmacist's mate (CPhM) was the chief petty officer. This structure remained in place until 1947.

A total of 684 personal awards were awarded to hospital corpsmen, including 23 Medals of Honor, 55 Navy Crosses, and 237 Silver Stars. During World War I, hospital corpsmen served throughout the fleet, earning particular distinction on the Western Front with the Marine Corps.

In the United States Navy in World War II, hospital corpsmen assigned to Marine units made beach assaults with the marines in every battle in the Pacific. Corpsmen also served on thousands of ships and submarines. Three unassisted emergency appendectomies were performed by hospital corpsmen serving undersea and beyond hope of medical evacuation. The hospital corps has the distinction of being the only corps in the U.S. Navy to be commended, in a famous speech by Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal after the conclusion of the war. Following the war, the hospital corps changed its rating title to the generic term it had used all along—hospital corpsman. The rates of hospital corpsman third class (HM3), second class (HM2), and first class (HM1), and chief hospital corpsman (HMC) were supplemented by senior chief hospital corpsman (HMCS) and master chief hospital corpsman (HMCM) in 1958.

Hospital corpsmen continued to serve at sea and ashore, and accompanied marines and Marine units into battle during the Korean and Vietnam wars. Fifteen hospital corpsmen were counted among the dead following the bombing of the Marine barracks in Beirut in 1983. Hospital corpsmen also served in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars providing corpsmen for convoys, patrols, and hospital or clinic treatment.

Whether they are assigned to hospital ships, reservist installations, recruiter offices, or Marine Corps combat units, the rating of hospital corpsman is the most decorated in the United States Navy and the most decorated job in the U.S. military, with 22 Medals of Honor, 179 Navy Crosses since World War I, 31 Navy Distinguished Service Medals, 959 Silver Stars, and more than 1,600 Bronze Star Medal's with combat V's for heroism since World War II (as of 2016). Twenty naval ships have been named after hospital corpsmen. Prior to selection to the command master chief program, the 11th MCPON, Joe R. Campa, was a hospital corpsman.

On 29 September 2016, the Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus terminated the corpsman rating along with all other U.S. Navy enlisted ratings. However, in late December 2016, the usage of ratings were restored by the Navy after much backlash by many in the enlisted naval ranks.

Navy and Marine Corps training

As of April 2011, training to become a hospital corpsman began at Basic Medical Technician Corpsman Program (BMTCP) located at Joint Base Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas.

Because of the need for hospital corpsmen in a vast array of foreign, domestic, and shipboard duty stations, as well as with United States Marine Corps units, the hospital corps is the largest occupational rating (Navy Enlisted Classification-HM) in the United States Navy, with about 25,000 members active duty and reserve.

The basic training for hospital corpsmen is conducted at the Medical Education and Training Campus, located in Texas at a joint military base. Originally one of the Navy's "A" schools (primary rating training). Upon graduation, the hospital corpsman is given the Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) code of HM-0000, or "quad-zero" in common usage. Students go through a 14-week course that provides in-depth and extensive training into the application of emergency medical techniques, disease and pathologies, and nursing techniques.

NECs are not as analogous to MOS in the United States Army and Marine Corps, or AFSC in the Air Force as the rating in the Navy. There are primary NECs, and secondary NECs. For example, a hospital corpsman who completes Field Medical Training Battalion (FMTB) and earns the NEC HM-L03A, moves that NEC to primary and has a secondary NEC of HM-0000. If that hospital corpsman attends a "C" School, then the NEC earned at the "C" School becomes their primary and HM-L03A becomes the secondary. Some hospital corpsmen go on to receive more specialized training in roles such as medical laboratory technician, optometry technician, radiology technician, aerospace medicine specialist, pharmacy technician, operating room technician, etc. This advanced education is done through "C" schools, which confer 39 additional NECs. Additionally, hospital corpsmen (E-5 and above) may attend independent duty corpsman training, qualifying for independent duty in surface ships and submarines, with diving teams, and Fleet Marine Force Recon teams, as well as at remote shore installations. In addition to advanced medical training, these hospital corpsmen receive qualification in sanitation and public health. The Field Medical Training Battalion (FMTB) provides specialized training in advanced emergency medicine and the fundamentals of Marine Corps life, while emphasizing physical conditioning, small arms familiarity, and basic battlefield tactics. FMTB locations are at Camp Pendelton and Camp Johnson, where sailors bound for service with USMC operating forces earn the NEC HM-L03A (formerly 8404), Field Medical Service Technician. , this rigorous training is 8 weeks. Training for the Fleet Marine Force (FMF) familiarizes navy corpsmen with the Marines. A bond and mutual respect is often formed between Marines and their assigned hospital corpsmen, earning respect apart from their Navy shipmates. FMF hospital corpsmen are issued the Marine Corps service uniforms and camouflage uniforms (MARPAT) while assigned to the Marine Corps and also have the option to go Marine Corps Regulations. They are then issued a new seabag containing the Marine uniforms (except dress blues) with uniform matching Navy rate chevrons instead of the Marine rank chevrons, and collar rank insignias, and wear those instead of traditional Navy uniforms. The Navy's new digitized camouflage working uniform are worn by sailors stationed at other naval facilities. Hospital corpsmen going to units within NECC (Navy Expeditionary Combat Command) such as Seabees, Riverines (Now called MSRON), and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) also have to go to FMTB.

Hospital corpsmen can further specialize; they may undergo further training to become Special Amphibious Reconnaissance Corpsmen, or SARC. They are usually found in both the FMF Recon, Marine Division Recon and MARSOC units. They are trained and skilled in combat, including combatant swimming, opened/closed circuit scuba diving, military free-fall and amphibious operations. They act as advisers regarding health and injury prevention, and treat illnesses from decompression sickness as well as other conditions requiring hyperbaric treatment.

Hospital corpsmen who have received the warfare designator of enlisted fleet marine force warfare specialist are highly trained members of the Hospital Corps who specialize in all aspects of working with the United States Marine Corps operating forces. Attainment of this designation is highly prized among all corpsmen. The enlisted fleet marine force warfare designation for hospital corpsmen is the only U.S. Navy warfare device awarded solely by a U.S. Marine Corps general officer. This awarding authority cannot be delegated to U.S. Navy officers. However, obtaining the title of "FMF" is a rigorous procedure and not every hospital corpsman who has been with a Marine Corps unit will wear the FMF warfare device. U.S. Navy officers in the medical community (Medical Corps (doctor), Nurse Corps, Dental Corps, Medical Service Corps) can earn and wear the officer equivalent to this insignia. Additionally any sailor attached to a USMC unit can earn and wear an FMF warfare device. (e.g., administrative rates such as logistic specialists) provided they complete all the qualifications for the FMF warfare specialist.

Independent duty corpsman
The first physician assistants were selected from Navy corpsmen who had combat experience in South Vietnam. They made up members of the first PA class at Duke University. The Navy trained its own physician assistants drawing from the ranks of qualified petty officer second class corpsman, as well as independent duty hospital corpsmen at the Naval School of Health Sciences in Portsmouth, Virginia until 1985, then at San Diego, California and current the Interservice Physician Assistant Program (IPAP) with a university affiliation of the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC). It is conducted in two phases the first phase at the Graduate School and Academy of Health Sciences at AMEDDC&S, Fort Sam Houston, Texas and the second phase at various medical facilities and specialties. When training completed they become officers in the Medical Service Corps (MSC). Former Navy hospital corpsmen are also represented in many medical disciplines, as physicians, nurses, medical administrators and other walks of life. After completing their training, a physician assistant is promoted to the rank of lieutenant junior grade (O-2). Previously after graduating from civilian PA school, they had only been given the rank of warrant officer 2 (CWO2).

Rate/rating structure

 * HR: Hospitalman Recruit (E-1)
 * HA: Hospitalman Apprentice (E-2)
 * HN: Hospitalman (E-3) (See USN apprenticeships)
 * HM3: Hospital Corpsman Third Class (E-4)
 * HM2: Hospital Corpsman Second Class (E-5)
 * HM1: Hospital Corpsman First Class (E-6)
 * HMC: Chief Hospital Corpsman (E-7)
 * HMCS: Senior Chief Hospital Corpsman (E-8)
 * HMCM: Master Chief Hospital Corpsman (E-9)

Badges
Effective 2 April 1948 the Navy changed the names and insignia of the hospital corps. The new titles were Hospitalman Recruit, Hospitalman Apprentice, Hospitalman, Hospital Corpsman Third, Second, and First Class, and Chief Hospital Corpsman. The red Geneva cross, which had marked corpsmen for 50 years, was replaced in the rating badge with the misattributed mark of the winged caduceus. The rates of Senior Chief and Master Chief Hospital Corpsman were added in 1958.

 * ''See:

Ships named in honor of hospital corpsmen
Reference: Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships

 * USS Benfold (DDG-65)
 * USS Caron (DD-970)
 * USS De Wert (FFG-45)
 * USS Durant (DER-389) *Also sailed as USCGC Durant (WDE-489)
 * USS Frament (APD-77)
 * USS Halyburton (FFG-40)
 * USS Francis Hammond (FF-1067)
 * USS Jobb (DE-707)
 * USS Daniel A. Joy (DE-585)
 * USS Lester (DE-1022)
 * USS Liddle (DE-206)
 * USS Litchfield (AG-95)
 * USS Thaddeus Parker (DE-369)
 * USS David R. Ray (DD-971)
 * USS Henry W. Tucker (DD-875)
 * USS Valdez (FF-1096)
 * USS Walter C. Wann (DE-412)
 * USS Jack Williams (FFG-24)
 * USS John Willis (DE-1027)
 * USS Don O. Woods (APD-118)
 * USS William Charette (DDG-130)
 * USS John E. Kilmer (DDG-134)

U.S. Navy enlisted medical personnel killed in action

 * American Civil War (1861–1865), 6
 * Spanish–American War (1898), 3
 * World War I (1917–1918), 20
 * Nicaragua (1932), 1
 * World War II (1941–1945), 1,170
 * Korean War (1950–1953), 109
 * Dominican Republic (1965), 1
 * Vietnam War (1962–1975), 639
 * Beirut, (1983), 15
 * Persian Gulf War (1990–1991), 0
 * Afghanistan (2001–2021), 14
 * Iraq War (2003–2010), 29

 * Total in all conflicts: 2,013

Decorations of valor awarded to hospital corpsmen

 * Medal of Honor, 23
 * Navy Cross, 179
 * Distinguished Service Cross (United States Army), 31
 * Silver Star Medal, 959
 * Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for heroism, 1,600

Medal of Honor recipients
Pre-World War I
 * Hospital Apprentice Robert H. Stanley, USN (Boxer Rebellion)
 * Hospital Apprentice First Class William Zuiderveld, USN (Veracruz Incursion)
 * Hospital Apprentice Fred H. McGuire, USN (Philippine Insurrection)
 * Hospital Steward William S. Shacklette, USN (Boiler Explosion in San Diego)

World War I
 * Pharmacist's Mate First Class John H. Balch, USN
 * Hospital Apprentice First Class David E. Hayden, USN

World War II
 * Hospital Apprentice First Class Robert Eugene Bush, USN
 * Pharmacist's Mate Second Class William D. Halyburton Jr., USNR
 * Hospital Apprentice First Class Fred F. Lester, USN
 * Pharmacist's Mate First Class Francis J. Pierce, USN
 * Pharmacist's Mate Second Class George E. Wahlen, USN
 * Pharmacist's Mate Third Class Jack Williams, USN
 * Pharmacist's Mate First Class John H. Willis, USN

Korean War
 * Hospital Corpsman Third Class Edward C. Benfold, USN
 * Hospital Corpsman Third Class William R. Charette, USN
 * Hospitalman Richard D. Dewert, USN
 * Hospitalman Francis C. Hammond, USN
 * Hospitalman John E. Kilmer, USN

Vietnam War
 * Hospital Corpsman Second Class Donald E. Ballard, USN
 * Hospital Corpsman Third Class Wayne M. Caron, USN
 * Hospital Corpsman Third Class Robert R. Ingram, USN
 * Hospital Corpsman Second Class David R. Ray, USN

War in Afghanistan
 * Master Chief Special Warfare Operator, Edward Byers, USN

United States Maritime Service hospital corpsmen
During World War II, the United States Maritime Service created a Hospital Corps similar to the U.S. Navy's and sent pursers through this hospital corpsman training, to serve in a combined administrative and medical role on civilian tankers, freighters, and oilers. Prior to this, there were no competent trained personnel to perform first aid aboard these vessels. The purser-corpsman was trained in anatomy, physiology, pharmacy, clinical laboratory, hygiene and sanitation, emergency treatment, first aid, and nursing. They were taught how to administer injections, treat compound fractures, administer blood plasma, and suture wounds.

The Maritime Service's Hospital Corps School was founded at the Sheepshead Bay Maritime Service Training Station on 7 December 1942. Surgeon S.S. Heilwell (R), United States Uniformed Public Health Service, was placed in charge of training. The course was taught over four months, with a 12-week period of didactic classroom experience and four weeks of practical experience at a Marine hospital. The original class of 331 students resulted in 239 graduates on 12 March 1943, but demand saw an increase in the class to 600 students, to cycle in 50 student classes starting on a weekly basis. Training stations were instructed to provide careful scrutiny by examining boards for all candidates. Pursers on sea duty started arriving at the station on 10 August 1943. By 1 January 1944, there were 600 purser-corpsmen at sea, with 1,324 graduates in the Maritime Service. Selection required an above average mark on the General Classification Test and interest in both administration and health care.

title: Hospital corpsman


text:
Susanne Zenor

Susanne Zenor (born November 26, 1947) is an American actress best known for the role of Margo Anderman Horton on Days of Our Lives.

Early life
Sue Zan Zenor was born in Louisville, Kentucky on November 26, 1947. Zenor was initiated in the Alpha Kappa chapter of Kappa Kappa Kappa, in Jeffersonville in 1964.

Career
Zenor started her acting career at the Actors Theatre of Louisville.

Zenor appeared in the movie The Moonshine War (1970) in which she portrayed Miley Mitchell. Zenor appeared in the Woody Allen movie Play It Again, Sam (1972) in which her name was listed as Suzanne Zenor. She played Alda Wadsworth in The Baby (1973) and was credited as Suzanne Zenor. She also appeared as one of Stockard Channing's victims on TV in Joan Rivers' dark comedy The Girl Most Likely To... (1973), which co-starred Edward Asner.

Zenor made many television guest appearances during the 1970s, in shows such as McMillan & Wife, Love, American Style, M*A*S*H, The Six Million Dollar Man, and Barnaby Jones. In 1976, she appeared in ABC's original pilot for Three's Company playing the naive blonde, Samantha. She starred alongside John Ritter and Valerie Curtin. A second pilot followed, with Susan Lanier in the role of Samantha, now called Chrissy. Eventually, the role went to Suzanne Somers.

In 1977, Zenor started playing the role of Margo Anderman Horton on the soap opera Days of Our Lives. Zenor left the role in 1980. She was married to her Days co-star Edward Mallory until his death in 2007.

title: Susanne Zenor


text:
General Electric J85

The General Electric J85 is a small single-shaft turbojet engine. Military versions produce up to 3500 lb-f of thrust dry; afterburning variants can reach up to 5000 lb-f. The engine, depending upon additional equipment and specific model, weighs from 300 to 500 lb. It is one of GE's most successful and longest in service military jet engines, with the civilian versions having logged over 16.5 million hours of operation. The United States Air Force plans to continue using the J85 in aircraft through 2040. Civilian models, known as the CJ610, are similar but supplied without an afterburner and are identical to non-afterburning J85 variants, while the CF700 adds a rear-mounted fan for improved fuel economy.

Design and development
The J85 was originally designed to power a large decoy missile, the McDonnell ADM-20 Quail. The Quail was designed to be released from a B-52 Stratofortress in-flight and fly for long distances in formation with the launch aircraft, multiplying the number of targets facing the SA-2 surface-to-air missile operators on the ground. This mission demanded a small engine that could nevertheless provide enough power to keep up with the jet bomber. Like the similar Armstrong Siddeley Viper being built in the UK, the engine on a Quail drone had no need to last for extended periods of time, so therefore could be built of low-quality materials.

The fit was a success on the Quail, but again like the Viper it was later built with normal grade materials and subsequently used to power small jet aircraft, including the Northrop T-38 Talon, Northrop F-5, Canadair CT-114 Tutor, and Cessna A-37 Dragonfly light attack aircraft. More recently, J85s have powered the Scaled Composites White Knight aircraft, the carrier for the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne spacecraft, and the Me 262 Project.

The basic engine design is quite small, about 17.7 in in diameter, and 45.4 in long. It features an eight-stage axial-flow compressor powered by two turbine stages, and is capable of generating up to 2,100 lb-f of dry thrust, or more with an afterburner. At full throttle at sea level, this engine, without afterburner, consumes approximately 400 USgal of fuel per hour. At cruise altitude and power, it consumes approximately 100 USgal per hour.

Several variants were produced.

The most advanced variant in the J85 series is the J85-21 model designed specifically for the F-5E/F during its development process.

The J85-21 design replaces AM 355 chromium nickel molybdenum stainless steel alloy, used by previous J85 models for compressor rotors and blades, with a titanium alloy. Its inlet diameter was increased from 17.7 in to 20.8 in, and it included an added stage ahead of the base 8-stage compressor for a total of 9 stages. Its multiple disk rotors were replaced with a single-spool rotor, thus improving dry thrust to 3,600 lb-f and wet thrust to 5,000 lb-f while reducing mechanical complexity along with the weight gain of the J85-21 model.

More than 12,000 J85 engines had been built by the time production ended in 1988.

Iranian reverse engineering
The Iranian Ministry of Defense constructed a new engine based on the General Electric J85-GE-21B named "OWJ" and presented it at a defense exhibition on 22 August 2016.

The Owj engine has been used in several Iranian products like Kowsar, Saeghe and Azarakhsh fighter jets or Yasin training jet.

Variants

 * J85-GE-1:1,900-2,100 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-2:2,850 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-3:2,450 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-4:2,950 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-4A:2,950 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-5:2,680 lb-f dry thrust; 3,850 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-5A:2,680 lb-f dry thrust; 3,850 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-7:2,450 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-12:2,400 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-13:2,720 lb-f, dry thrust; 4,080 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-13A: License built for the Fiat G.91Y, 2,720 lb-f, dry thrust; 4,080 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-15:2,925 lb-f dry thrust; 4,300 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-CAN-15:Orenda manufactured J85-GE-15 for the Canadair CF-116, 2,925 lb-f dry thrust; 4,300 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-17:2,850 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-17A:2,850 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-17B:2,850 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-17C:2,850 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-19:3,015 lb-f dry thrust
 * J85-GE-21A:3,500 lb-f dry thrust; 5,000 lb-f afterburning thrust.
 * J85-GE-J1A:3,500 lb-f dry thrust; 5,000 lb-f afterburning thrust
 * J85-GE-J2:2,850 lb-f thrust.
 * J85-GE-J4:2,950 lb-f thrust.
 * J85-CAN-40:Manufactured by Orenda for the Canadair CT-114 Tutor, 2,650 lb-f thrust
 * J85-GE-100:2,450 lb-f thrust

Applications

 * Bell X-14A/B
 * Boom XB-1 demonstrator
 * Canadair CT-114 Tutor
 * Canadair CF-5
 * Cessna A-37 Dragonfly
 * HESA Yasin (without afterburner)
 * HESA Kowsar (with afterburner)
 * Fairchild C-123 Provider
 * Fairchild AC-119K
 * Fiat G.91Y
 * Lockheed Have Blue
 * McDonnell ADM-20 Quail decoy missile
 * North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco - OV-10B(Z) target tug variant, the engine in addition to its turboprops
 * North American T-2 Buckeye
 * Northrop F-5
 * Northrop T-38 Talon
 * Ryan MQM-34D Mod II target drone
 * Ryan XV-5 Vertifan
 * Saab 105Ö
 * Scaled Composites White Knight

Other

 * American Challenge water speed record jet-powered boat - Two J85-GE-21s
 * Hermeus experimental turbine-based combined cycle "Chimera" turboramjet engine - J85-21 turbojet core

title: General Electric J85


text: User talk:81.183.145.15

title: User talk:81.183.145.15


text:
User talk:Jpmizell

Ecuador
Hello John,

On Commons, I've seen your image File:3 5 06 mizell pack.JPG from Ecuador. You mention that it was taken at Tuminumia. I can't find any information about that locality, neither in the Wikipedias nor when googling through the Web. Having a major interest in Ecuador, which I visited several times, I'd be happy if you could give me further information on the localisation of the site (province or nearby city). Thanks in advance, --Cayambe (talk) 11:47, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

---

Have a look in this zone (-4.3031, -79.2616) Next time you're near Vilcabamba, there's a bus that runs up the hill from the bus station and... after 40 min? you pass the small green and shrine. The photo was taken right off the bus route (road to photographer right). There is a church (photographer right), a small storefront that sells ice creams (photographer left). Just up the road sits a school (behind the photographer and right). It's a lovely place. Cheers! Jpmizell (talk) 05:05, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

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San Francisco Bay Windjammers
Creating San Francisco Bay Windjammers (Yacht Club) page.

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The San Francisco Bay Windjammers was a yacht club founded in 1930's in San Francisco, California. It is now defunct.

Organization & Structure
The club did not maintain a clubhouse, but hosted social and sailing events. It was known as a 'paper yacht club.' Membership was by invite only. The leadership was denoted by the rank of 'Skipper.'

title: User talk:Jpmizell


text:
It Dreams

It Dreams is the debut album by Jakalope, released on October 26, 2004.

The music videos made for the album are known for the clone and hybrid theme connected to the band. Videos featuring Dave Ogilvie as a Dr. Evar and Katie B presented a sort of story for fans to follow, bolstered by a site contest which allowed fans insight into the so-called 'Jakalope world', and hinted at the back story of Dr. Evar and Katie's characters. A large part of the plot was left to the interpretation of fans in the end, especially concerning the Katie B character.

As a CD, this album is only available as an import from Canada and Japan. However, the album is available as a download from iTunes in both the United States and Canada.

Samples of the music, along with videos, can be found at Jakalope's web site.

Personnel
Adapted from Discogs.

 * Jim McGrath – additional arrangements
 * Vincent Marcone – art direction
 * Rosemary Ogilvie – artwork
 * Trent Reznor – co-producer
 * Jamey Koch – co-producer, mixing
 * I Braineater – logo design
 * Aubrey Winfield – executive producer
 * Tom Baker – mastering
 * Phil Western – additional mixing
 * Daryn Barry, John Nazario – mixing assistants (Orange Lounge)
 * Mike Cashin, Pete MacLaggan – mixing assistants (Warehouse)
 * Dave Ogilvie – recording, production, mixing, songwriter
 * Anthony Valcic – recording, production, mixing
 * Bryan Gallant – assistant recording
 * Kirk McNally – assistant recording

title: It Dreams


text:
Bunkhouse

A bunkhouse is a barracks-like building that historically was used to house working cowboys on ranches, or loggers in a logging camp in North America. As most cowboys were young single men, the standard bunkhouse was a large open room with narrow beds or cots for each individual and little privacy. The bunkhouse of the late 19th century was usually heated by a wood stove and personal needs were attended to in a cookhouse and an outhouse.

Background
While the modern bunkhouse today is still in existence on some large ranches that are too far away from towns for an easy daily commute, it now has electricity, central heating and modern indoor plumbing.

In the United Kingdom, a bunkhouse provides accommodation with fewer facilities than a larger, staffed youth hostel. Bunkhouses are found in mountainous areas, such as the Scottish Highlands, as well as rural areas in England and Wales, for example at All Stretton. Bunkhouses are very different from hotels: bunkhouses often just offer a basic accommodation with few amenities for passers-by such as hikers.

title: Bunkhouse


text:
Smilin' Buddha Cabaret

Smilin' Buddha Cabaret is an album by Canadian rock band 54-40. The album is named after a live music club in Vancouver, British Columbia. The club's iconic neon sign, now found at the Museum of Vancouver, is featured on the album's cover. The singles released from the album were "Blame Your Parents", "Assoholic", "Ocean Pearl" and "Radio Luv Song".

Track listing

 * 1) "Blame Your Parents"  – 4:26
 * 2) "Radio Luv Song"  – 2:08
 * 3) "Assoholic"  – 3:39
 * 4) "Daisy"  – 2:17
 * 5) "Once a Killer"  – 3:46
 * 6) "Punk Grass"  – 2:35
 * 7) "Lucy"  – 3:04
 * 8) "Beyond the Outsider"  – 3:27
 * 9) "Don't Listen to That"  – 2:27
 * 10) "Ocean Pearl"  – 3:25
 * 11) "Higher"  – 2:32
 * 12) "Friends End"  – 4:06
 * 13) "What Buddy Was"  – 4:24
 * 14) "Save Yourself"  – 4:05

title: Smilin' Buddha Cabaret


text:
User talk:Familia~enwiki

hi i'm tiffany bull and i want know where my papa family is from?? hola soy tiffany y yo quiero se donde mi fmailia es ??.

gracias

Your account will be renamed
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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Familia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Familia~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Familia~enwiki


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Huniade Castle

The Huniade Castle (Castelul Huniade; Hunyadi-kastély; Schloss Hunyadi) is the oldest monument in Timișoara, Romania, built between 1443 and 1447 by John Hunyadi and Paolo Santini de Duccio over the old royal castle dating from the 14th century (built during the reign of Charles I Robert). The castle was rebuilt by the Turkish pashas in the 17th century and by Prince Eugene of Savoy in the 18th century. The structure owes its present appearance to the 1850s reconstruction campaign. It houses the History, Archeology and Natural Sciences sections of the National Museum of Banat.

Old castle
The construction of the current Huniade Castle began in the 14th century, after a visit by King Charles I Robert to Timișoara in 1307. He decided to establish his residence here and considered it necessary to build a castle to his liking. The construction was probably carried out by Italian builders and most likely finished in 1315, because in 1316 the king was already settled in his new castle. The building developed around a quadrangular courtyard with cylindrical corner towers. Being located on an island, it was connected to the city of Timișoara, also fortified by the same king, through a movable bridge. After almost eight years, the castle was damaged by an earthquake and, implicitly, the king had to leave it. It underwent major renovations during Count Pippo Spano. After extensive research, the original foundation was found 40 cm below the pavement of the current castle.

New castle
Between 1441 and 1456, the Count of Timișoara was John Hunyadi. He established his residence here and ordered the construction of a new castle, on the ruins of the old royal castle. A contribution to its construction was made by the Italian architect Paolo Santini de Duccio, at that time in the service of John Hunyadi. Both the castle and its fortifications were equipped with semicircular towers adapted to artillery. It served as the noble residence for all the kings who stayed in Timișoara until 1552. During the Ottoman occupation (1552–1716), it served as the residence of the beylerbeys of the Eyalet of Temeşvar.

Reconstruction
Due to the siege of the imperials, which led to the reconquest of Banat, the castle was damaged, so that after 1716 its renovation was required. But its function was changed, being transformed into an artillery barracks and a military warehouse (Provienthaus).

In 1849, the Hungarian revolutionaries, besieging Timișoara, destroyed the castle from its foundations, to the point where a reconstruction of the edifice was needed. The reconstruction and renovation work was finished in 1856. However, the main facade of the castle was modified, this time being made in a romantic style. Between 1919 and 1947, the Banat Barracks (Cazarma Bănățeană), as it was known then, was the headquarters of the 7th Pioneers' Regiment and the 6th Heavy Artillery Regiment.

Since 1947, the castle has been home to the National Museum of Banat. In front of the castle there are two lanterns reminding in several languages that Timișoara was the first city in Europe to introduce electric public lighting in 1884.

Architecture
Despite the many changes, the castle kept its organization around a quadrangular courtyard, the position of the donjon and the "Hall of the Knights", details that can also be found at the Corvin Castle in Hunedoara. The main facade was redone in a romantic style. The windows, finished in a full arch but with neo-Gothic decoration above, took the place of the holes for the artillery pieces, and the facade was made in apparent brick. The first floor, built on the height of two normal stories, contains two vaulted rooms in neo-Gothic style, one with three naves and the other with two, which are built of brick and supported by a row of massive columns. The upper part of the facade is crenellated, which gives it a fortress appearance. The two ends of the main facade are provided with risalti, the corners of which are accentuated by a plaster imitation of the constructive stone system.

The castle tower is rectangular in shape, low in height, with small windows and decorated with crenellations at the upper end so that the roof is not visible. The main entrance has been modified and is flanked by two massive pilasters that each have a collection of weapons specific to the Middle Ages at the top that contribute to the Gothic aspect of the castle.

Archeological research
The castle has only been systematically researched since 2007. Then a 4-meter deep fountain built between the 15th–16th centuries and an 11-meter tall medieval tower made of brick and mortar, located inside the castle, were discovered. The tower served as a home, but also as a refuge in case of a siege. Other researches were made in 1903, with the occasion of brace works needed at that time, when the ruins of the 14th century medieval castle were discovered for the first time. In 1980, archeologist Alexandru Rădulescu made surveys in the inner courtyard and in the "Marble Hall", revealing the brick walls dating from 14th–16th centuries.

title: Huniade Castle