text:
Talk:The Mouse and the Mask

Official Artist
i think the artist name is 'Dangerdoom' while the official title of the album is 'The Mouse and The Mask' i downloaded a sample track from a site that was allowed samples and that's what the info said--Jaysscholar 23:39, 24 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, you're right. This has been bugging me about the article for some time. I moved the page now. --Fritz S. 10:53, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Question
Out of curosity, is the soundtrack played while the adult swim schedual is shown on the CD?
 * I don't believe the song you're talking about is on the CD. I have both Danger Doom releases and the relaxing weird Asian tune they play with the schedule does not appear on either. --TheHams

Redirect?
Why does "DangerDoom" redirect to the page for The Mouse and the Mask? There's a difference between the band and the album, and I think DangerDoom is important enough to warrant a page of its own, especially with the forthcoming release of Occult Hymn. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.131.93.104 (talk • contribs).
 * Early on it wasn't clear if there would be another release by them (and even before that people expected the album to be called DangerDoom) so that's where that came from. It might be time to change the redirect to an article of it's own now. --Fritz S. (Talk) 19:30, 27 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I concur. The Occult Hymn EP is out now and there's already a stubby article on it on WikiPedia. It's time to take down the redirect and give Danger Doom their own Wikipedia article. --[[User:The Hams|The Hams

]]
 * Done: DANGERDOOM. --Fritz S. (Talk) 09:11, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dangerdoom.jpg
Image:Dangerdoom.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:32, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Dangerdoom.jpg
Image:Dangerdoom.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:18, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Old School sample used
Soul Thing by Keith Mansfield is not an existing song as far as I know!

It's either 'Funky Fanfare' by Keith Mansfield or 'Soul Thing' by Tony Newman. I don't know the original track nor have the album-booklet to say anything on the subject, but as it stands now the stated information is incorrect as far as I know.

[edit] Let me take that back! Apparently Keith Mansfield has recorded 2 version of the same song, of which one really is called Soul Thing. This message can be deleted, I'm sorry for the inconvenience! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.168.253.35 (talk) 19:15, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Mouse and the Mask


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stargems

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Stargems
I think I'd rather wait until I'm done writing the book before I add an article for it. Link 04:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC) Author's request to Delete. Fulfill it. ~ WCFrancis 18:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per authors request. JamesBurns 09:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete by request of author. Sango  123  13:15, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * qualifies for Speedy --TheMidnighters 21:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
KVFS-LP

KVFS-LP is a low-powered radio station in Spokane, Washington.

Originally launched as KYRS-LP, the station was the fourth community radio barnraising of the Prometheus Radio Project, with original owner Thin Air Community Radio. Thin Air Community Radio sold KYRS-LP to new owners as a condition of being issued a license for full-power station KYRS.

title: KVFS-LP


text:
Talk:Margat

Tripoli or Antioch?
Adam, you have the Mazoirs down as vassals of Tripoli, but according to Hugh Kennedy, they held their lordship from Antioch (although Renaud II was the son-in-law of Pons of Tripoli). Sources? Choess 04:40, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't remember what source specifically that comes from, but I'll try to find it. I did think it was odd - perhaps the Mazoirs lived on the border? Tripoli and Antioch were often at odds in the 12th century so maybe their allegiances shifted. Adam Bishop 06:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Margat


text:
Talk:Eugene Stoner

Proposed merge with M16 (rifle)
Against. Gene Stoner deserves a separate page simply because the AR-15/M16-series are not his only inventions. --D.E. Watters 04:40, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Very true

AR-18
Stoner, stung by reliability complaints due to the AR-10 and AR-15's direct impingement gas operation, turned his attention to the AR-16 design. This was another advanced 7.62 mm rifle, but using a "traditional" pushrod operation and a number of stamped parts to reduce cost. This weapon saw only prototype development, but after adaptation to .223, would go on to have some success (and notoriety) as the Armalite AR-18.

Patently untrue, the Direct Impingement patents were sold to Colt, and Armalite didn't want to license them from Colt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.40.171.106 (talk) 15:44, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

where are the references? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.3.195.197 (talk) 21:28, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

meeting with Kalashnikov
I think this article should mention his supposed rivalry and eventual friendly meeting with the Russian designer of the AK-47 +|||||||||||||||||||||||||+ (talk) 20:12, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Photo... Gravestone?
This is probably the only wiki article I've ever read that has a gravestone as the person's featured photo. Surely there is a CC photo available somewhere. I might even argue that no photo at all would be better than a gravestone. 206.125.57.226 (talk) 17:51, 2 February 2016 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Eugene Stoner
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Eugene Stoner's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "SAOW2": From M16 rifle:  From Colt AR-15:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 09:03, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eugene Stoner


text:
User:CaptainStinko

Hi.

This user is blocked. Kim Bruning 01:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:CaptainStinko


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/We're shitting ourselves

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:43, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

We're shitting ourselves
Delete Non notable web forum advertising. drini ☎ 04:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep I can't see any forum advertising. The article is as valid as the article on the website it is parodying. Messy 05:57, 19 July 2005 (EST)
 * keep. Perfectly notable response to the bombings.  There may well be a whole bunch of wiki pages discussing the media response to the bombings, and a parody site is a notable part of that response.  If a wiki page for the "we're not afraid" website appears, possibly merge with that.  If not, leave this page in.  I learned something reading it.  Robinh 07:38, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, add as footnote to bombing mainpage. Radiant_ >|< 09:32, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, totally agree with Robinh james gibbon  16:10, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Note all the role accounts taking part. Wikipedia is not a web guide, and this has no significance, no traffic, no meaning.  If you have dirty breeches, I'm sorry, but this article is wholly inappropriate.  The site is less than 10 days old, and already the troll voters want to insist that it's perfectly appropriate to have it in an encyclopedia.  Geogre 16:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and perhaps mention on 7 July 2005 London bombings per Radiant. This doesn't look like the kind of site that will remain notable. Flowerparty 17:26, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete this shit.  Grue   21:46, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a web guide. --Carnildo 22:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * NN, D. ComCat 22:44, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Parody sites have no long-term meaning and it is clearly NN MicahMN | Talk 00:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are plenty of topical websites on here. Why should an anti-war message be any less valid than anything else? There is already an article on the we're not afraid website which it parodies - If this is removed then that one should be too. It seems that some people just don't like the content.Murph 00:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete in the absence of any media coverage and notability. -- Joolz 01:25, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Being a valid message is a criterion for inclusion now? In an encyclopedia? Murph, don't knock Some People, they do fine work covering up POV around this place, just the way Many, Others, and People do in this article. Bishonen | talk 01:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable parody site. Wikipedia is not a webguide. JamesBurns 07:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, new website that has yet to establish notability. Dcarrano 13:55, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonnotable web site, vanity/promo. Wile E. Heresiarch 14:34, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I too, agree with Robinh's vote. (Unsigned vote by Brun8 -- Joolz 17:07, 20 July 2005 (UTC))
 * Isn't Response to the 2005 London bombings the place for responses to the 2005 London bombings (and responses to those responses)? Uncle G 02:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete encyclopedia != webguide. --R.Koot 15:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a web guide. Indrian 20:11, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and merge with We're Not Afraid. If the latter is notable, then a parody of it should at least be mentioned in its article. — OwenBlacker 21:41, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Hillel 02:07, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn. --Edcolins 12:28, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge both articles as a single sentence to the main article of the bombings. Should be enough. -- 84.176.181.128 13:24, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --AI 00:33, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with We're not afraid or delete both Mmmbeer 17:21, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Geogre. DS1953 03:28, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Cross-training

Cross-training is athletic training in sports other than the athlete's usual sport. The goal is improving overall performance. It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of one training method to negate the shortcomings of another.

In general sports
Cross-training in sports and fitness involves combining exercises to work various parts of the body. Often one particular activity works certain muscle groups, but not others; cross-training aims to eliminate this imbalance.

In mixed martial arts
In mixed martial arts and self-defense, cross-training refers to training in multiple martial arts or fighting systems to become proficient in all the phases of unarmed combat. This training is meant to overcome the shortcomings of one style by practicing another style which is strong in the appropriate area. A typical combination involves a striking-based art such as Muay Thai, combined with a grappling-based art such as wrestling and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Many hybrid martial arts can be considered derivatives of such cross-training.

Modern mixed martial-arts training generally involves cross-training in the different aspects and ranges of fighting.

Water sports
In water sports, cross-training often involves doing exercises and training on land. This is often referred to by swimmers as "dryland". For swimming, cross-training frequently includes running, stretching, and other resistance and agility training. Diving dryland exercises include various unique exercises such as on-land landing biomechanics training.

Hybrid Athlete
A hybrid athlete is an individual who possesses a balance of both strength and endurance. They possess a diverse set of skills and abilities, distinct from specialized athletes such as bodybuilders or marathon runners. Instead, these athletes prioritize overall fitness, seeking to achieve a well-rounded level of physical capability.

title: Cross-training


text:
User talk:Methuselah~enwiki

Hi

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Methuselah. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Methuselah~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:28, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:15, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Methuselah~enwiki


text:
Talk:Adrian Frutiger

VBF42?
''In 1965, Frutiger created VBF42, a proprietary type face for Vanguard Business Forms, a U.S. Company that specialized in documents for the real estate and financial service industry. VBF42 was redesigned in 1978 and incorporated in software sold by Vanguard under the name 101 Business Forms. Substantial controversy arose when it was learned that a Microsoft font incorporated in Windows 95 appeared to be an exact copy of VBF42. The dispute was resolved when Vanguard was sold to an anonymous investor. ''

This paragraph was inserted in the wrong place (under the Frutiger typeface section) and has a very incomplete source. "VBF42" also turns up no results on Google, and it is not mentioned in "Complete Works". I also didn't find a reference on the given sanskritweb.net page. Moving this here until better references can be added. --TypeCowboy (talk) 06:28, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Fan
I'm a huge fan of Frutiger's work, so it's quite embarrassing to admit that I don't know how to pronounce his last name!!! I've checked with several friends who know about foreign languages: some of them told me it should be pronounced as in french, something like "fruitysheh"; other people told me it's a german lastname, so it should be something like "frootigah". I'm very confussed, I hope somebody could help me.

It's "Frutiger" with a "ger" at the end, hope that helps you

-

Doesn't help me - do you mean 'ger' as in 'geriatric', 'ger' as in 'germ', or 'ger' as in 'Gertrude'? Ian Tindale 09:03, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * It's typically pronounced FRU-tə-gur with a hard 'g' sound. In French-speaking countries, including western Switzerland, some people may pronounce it differently. Rivertorch 21:35, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

It is pronounced german.

91.47.229.216 (talk) 21:21, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is a Swiss-German surname (I'm sure, being from the German-speaking part of Switzerland myself :-) ) and the correct pronunciation therefore is German, with stress on the first syllable. "Frootigah" is close; however, the German-speaking Swiss don't pronounce the "-ger" like "-gah" (as the Germans do), but rather as a clear "-gerr" (well, similar to the "Ger" of "Gertrude", indeed). Gestumblindi (talk) 22:36, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Right, I had a few lectures by him, millions of years ago. .) His name is pronounced in the way Gestumblindi suggested, "Frootigah". But to leave no doubt to the English speaking community, I'd like to clearify it's "Froo-Tea-Gah" with the "Gah" pronounced as the "Gar" in "Simon & Garfunkel", or "Garfield", but WITHOUT the ending "r". It's a so called open "ah". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.193.83.23 (talk) 11:35, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

Place of death
Just to warn people, this says he died in Berlin. I don't know who's reported this, though the news he's died seems to be all over the internet. Blythwood (talk) 20:15, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I checked several local newspapers, blogs and the like, and it seems Frutiger died in Bremgarten near Bern, where he lived in a care retirement home for the last few years. The local mayor, Andreas Kaufmann, confirmed it to the swiss news agency sda. The best reference I could find so far is here.

I could imagine that for the spanish speaking world, Bern and Berlin sound quite similar. This might has led to the original news @http://graffica.info/adrian-frutiger-fallece/ .)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.193.83.23 (talk) 11:56, 13 September 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Adrian Frutiger


text:
User talk:Thomasgun

Nuke and the Living Dead is a 5 piece horror punk rock n' roll band out of Detroit, Michigan. They were formed from the ashes of other Michigan bands such as, Nuke & The Toxic Offenders, Pride Drive, Version 2, Karpe Diem, The Hubies. After the break up of the Toxic Offenders, Nuke formed the Living Dead with himself on bass and lead vocals, Johnny Ogres on guitar, and Deano Valentino on drums. After 3 months of practices the band went into the studio and recorded their debut full length CD, "Lost Boys." Shortly after releasing Lost Boys, Nuke decided he just wanted to sing, so they brought in Johnny Renfield on bass. After playing shows in support of the first CD for nearly 2 years.. the band ventured back into the studio to record the follow up entitled "Dig This!" while in the studio they added 2nd guitarist Tommy Gun rounding out the line up.

Dig This! was released July 12th 2005 on Crypt of Blood Records.

Er...sorry, I don't understand what you meant by putting information about yourself on Bishonen [[Image:Bishface.tulip.png|14px]] talk 18:43, 29 March 2006 (UTC).

Nuke and the Living Dead
A tag has been placed on Nuke and the Living Dead, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable (see the guidelines for notability here). If you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, please write  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself.

Please read the criteria for speedy deletion (specifically, articles #7) and our general biography criteria. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Missvain 05:21, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thomasgun


text:
Talk:Hisarlik

Requested move
At the moment, the page "Hisarlık" (the currect Turkish spelling of the name) is a redirect to "Troy", while this page is stuck at the transliterated spelling, "Hisarlik". Administrator assistance is required to change this. I propose that this page be moved to "Hisarlık", with "Hisarlik" redirecting to the new name. SeL (talk) 00:05, 29 November 2007 (UTC) Having the page at Hisarlik does not stop any user from educating themselves with our wonderful article on ı if they so desire. Having the English spelling for our article in English is more accurate than having a Turkish spelling.Erudy (talk) 21:24, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the lead makes it quite clear that "Hisarlık" is the correct name (which should probably redirect here, rather than Troy) but the "ı" is a special character which is usually avoided in article titles because it makes it difficult to type for the general English-speaking audience (who would be using this EN Wikipedia). See Naming conventions (use English). Axem Titanium (talk) 03:17, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Support most accurate spelling carries "ı". Represents no problem whatsoever for users typing "Hisarlik" because we have redirects. Hús  ö  nd  10:17, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Change the redirect by all means (in fact, I'll do that now). On the other hand, I wouldn't know what sound the proposed special character is meant to represent, and it seems to me that changing it would make the article illegible to the general readership. This is not a problem of diacritics, where less well-informed readers can simply ignore the extra strokes. Dekimasu よ! 10:32, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Dekimasu, such a non educational approach! This article right here on Wikipedia provides all information on how to read this letter, therefore granting the accurate English speaker knowledge on how to pronounce this Turkish name (among many others) correctly. "ı" is a valid letter of an extended Latin alphabet, thus perfectly acceptable in English. No difference between this and e.g. "Å" in "Åland". Hús  ö  nd  13:20, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, there is one major difference: Åland is the customary English spelling. We are not here to ladle educational squiggles down our readers' throats; we are here to communicate with them. (One of the things to be communicated is that Turkish spelling differs.) For some readers, the proposed spelling will fail twice, since Hisarlık will contain a little square box as the penultimate letter.   When (and if) English adopts it, we shall follow suit; and one sign that English has adopted it is that this move will be uncontroversial.  Septentrionalis PMAnderson 00:18, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per WP:UE. Google Books searches of "Hisarlık" don't seem to be returning English language results. Similar searches of "Hisarlik" do, hence the current title seems a very adequate transliteration. If Britannica uses Hisarlik, I see no reason why we can't. --DeLarge (talk) 17:39, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per WP:UE: use the most commonly used English version of the name for the article, as you would find it in other encyclopedias and reference works. I think Hisarlik is the most commonly used English version, not Hisarlık, per evidence above, reinforced through crude google search:
 * Hisarlik 15,700
 * Hisarlık 832
 * Oppose This is the correct English spelling; it was established in English before the present Turkish alphabet was adopted, probably before it existed.  Septentrionalis PMAnderson 00:07, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Neutral I suppose I should have found WP:UE before making my proposal, sorry if this was a waste of Wikipedians' time. My gut feeling would have been to have it the other way, but I can understand the majority position, and having Hisarlık redirect here is acceptable to me too. I don't know what to do now, shall I withdraw my request or just let the debate run its course? SeL 02:13, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe I should add that when I found this article, it didn't mention the Turkish spelling anywhere at all, so before making my move request I made this change as well (just to explain, in response to the first opposing comment, why I thought the change was called for). And I still wonder if the article shouldn't use the Turkish spelling more often, or even all the time, regardless of the spelling used in the title. SeL 02:27, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Support. I don't know why User:SeL is self-flagellating over this one.  The first sentence of the article reads: "Hisarlık ... is the modern Turkish name for the ancient site of Troy."  "Hisarlik" is not the modern Turkish name.  No evidence has been given that the usage of "Hisarlik" is anything but an inability or unwillingness of other sources to use the "ı."  Since Wikipedia can and does use Turkish letters (e.g., İzmir, not Izmir) why is there an exception here?  I strongly support WP:UE and if "Hisarlik" is really English (like Istanbul seems to be considered), please establish this and I will follow the crowd. —   AjaxSmack   05:36, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I am wondering if you considered the evidence given above insufficient or if you simply didn't notice it? The Google Books comparison of "Hisarlık" and "Hisarlik" posted by DeLarge seems convincing to me: a wide swath of all sorts of English language books, from scholarly works to AP prep to travel guides to Britannica, using Hisarlik, with no English sources using Hisarlık (a number of books are shown, but they're all Turkish).  I myself posted a more crude analysis of Google hits on the internet at large, showing a vast majority for Hisarlik rather than Hisarlık.  It seems to me that the burden of proof should rest on those trying to show that Hisarlık is common usage in English, rather than the other way round, as you seem to suggest.Erudy (talk) 22:25, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I did consider that evidence but I repeat that no evidence has been given that the usage of "Hisarlik" is anything but an inability or unwillingness of other sources to use the "ı," i.e., that it is truly an English toponym and not merely sloppy transliteration or a victim of typset limitations. Such evidence might hypothetically be a citation such as "Hisarlik, called Hisarlık in Turkish, is the modern name for the site of ancient Troy" clearly setting the English name apart from the Turkish.  The web and literature abound with spellings such as Milosevic, Izmir, and Hue, but that's not where the articles are located because Wikipedia doesn't suffer the limitations of many other sources.  There's no reason this article should do so when others such as Elazığ, Iğdır, or Kırıkkale do not. —   AjaxSmack    06:48, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Hisarlik is not a misspelling of the Turkish; as this usage, from Sir Richard Francis Burton, and therefore dating from when Turkish still used the Arabic alphabet, should make clear. English still uses Hisarlik, as it uses Istanbul, as our data shows. We probably should use Milosevic; we should certainly use Halys; failures to do so are improper concessions to nationalist POVs. I don't think any other Wikipedia has any problem ignoring English spellings of English names in favor of their own; this WP should do the converse.  Septentrionalis PMAnderson 04:33, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * This is the most valid argument yet but minor "English" toponyms used prior to the early to mid 20th century have largely been jettisoned for native spellings or closer transliterations (e.g. Kossovo, Nish, Galatz). You're right that the modern Turkish alphabet did not exist in Burton's time but it has since 1928 and nearly all toponyms but Istanbul are at their Turkish names and we've seen the end of Smyrna, Trebizond, Angora, etc.  Why is Hisarlık any different?  I realize the issue here is clouded by the two spellings differing only by an "ı" but it brings me back to my original point that no evidence has been given that the usage of "Hisarlik" (since 1928) is anything but an inability or unwillingness of other sources to use the "ı," —   AjaxSmack    04:25, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Crude Google searches are admittedly crude; but this is 50-1. What evidence would you accept? What evidence do you have that English has changed? (And if the problem is typographical, so what? If it is still what English readers are used to, will be least surprised by, and will use as a search term, it is policy to use it.) Septentrionalis PMAnderson 18:52, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The consensus at Wikipedia seems to be that minor toponyms (i.e., those without a clear exonym) in countries using the Latin alphabet be titled with their non-English diacritics. This is the case with all other Turkish places that I can find so why not here?  I admit I don't have evidence of an English change for reasons given above -- it's more a case of the dog that didn't bark (no source contrasts "Hisarlık" and "Hisarlik" leading me to the conclusion of sloppy transliteration or a victim of typset limitations) -- but this is true for most other Turkish toponyms as well. —   AjaxSmack    04:54, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * As below, what matters is not obscurity, but English usage (except for places so utterly obscure, like the hamlets of the South Tyrol, that there is no usage in English to check). But I am a classicist, and do not think Hisarlik obscure; will you next object that Troy is too obscure for us to use its exonym? ;-> Septentrionalis PMAnderson 22:30, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Comments
I guess I find it frustrating that "Hisarlık" is called more correct in English than "Hisarlik", even in the face of evidence presented. Ajaxsmack says that "English" toponymns have been jettisoned in favor of native spellings, but presents no evidence that "Hisarlik" has been so jettisoned in favor of "Hisarlık". Perhaps that is why Hisarlik "is different". The fact is "ı" is not an English letter, and the English speaking community is entirely within their rights to "domesticate" Hisarlık into Hisarlik to make it more readily understandable. The Turkish speaking community is likewise well within their rights to call Washington DC Vaşington DC, London Londra, Texas Teksas etc. etc. etc. Are there Turks who feel a pressing need to move these to their more "correct" or "accurate" titles? Are their English speakers who are "offended" that these titles have been misspelled, or are disgusted at Turkish sloppyness or carelessness at so misspelling them? I doubt it. I don't think we need to be to worried about following general English usage and our own guidlines for using "common names", and keeping this at Hisarlik.Erudy (talk) 16:07, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Precisely. The reason for the difference is clear: Hisarlik is most widely discussed in contexts which do not refer to modern Turkey at all; therefore English has not adopted the modern Turkish spelling, any more than English uses Bozcaada for Tenedos. Neither, after all, is a modern city. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 18:59, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Once again, the first sentence of the article reads "Hisarlık ('Place of Fortresses'), spelled Hisarlik or Hissarlik in many other languages, is the modern Turkish name for the ancient site of Troy..." (my emphasis). I did not write that and it has read roughly that way for over a year.  I'm not arguing that either "Hisarlık" or "Hisarlik" is English.  The place (in this context) is too minor to have a true English exonym and should therefore be treated as any other Turkish place would be.  This is not in the same league as Washington, London, or Istanbul.  Many non-English letters are used for Wikipedia article titles for almost all toponyms in Turkey, Poland, Serbia, and Hungary to name a few.  I'm just wondering why an exception is being made here. —   AjaxSmack    04:54, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Please supply a source for this alleged consensus. In all countries, there are a handful of editwarring nationalists who will not acknowledge that English gives its own names to foreign places. I cannot think of any foreign language, or any foreign WP, which spells all English names (or even all of London, Britain, New York, and California) as English does; but a few editors insist that this should only work one way. Consensus and practice, per WP:NCGN, is to spell as English does; often (as with Besançon) English spelling includes diacritics. It is a question of fact in each case; to be determined by evidence. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 22:25, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * My evidence for such a consensus is the overwhelming majority of Turkish, Serbian, Polish, &c. toponyms with a few notable exceptions that are clear English exonyms. If there is a true English exonym in current use, I almost always support it (please see my move requests of Ivory Coast, Celebes, Podolia, Polesia, Moravian Slovakia, and Budjak among others) but I question the evidence in this case and am still not convinced as none has been given.  —   AjaxSmack     04:31, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * We have such names for two reasons: Once, English does often use the local spelling. The other is the extent of Turkish, Polish, and Serb nationalism; we have such names (including places actually in, say, Lithuania or the Republic of Macedonia) because editors have insisted on them, and outnumbered the (often equally nationalist) opposition. Thus, for example, we use Kraków, instead of English Cracow, because of lobbying by Poles; I await the adoption of Warsawa. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 05:40, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Data
From the tests in WP:NCGN:
 * Google Books.
 * Hisarlık: 88, and just looking at the results shows how many are in Turkish.
 * Hisarlik: 634.

Another nomenclature question
Should it be "Hisarlik" or "Hissarlik"? http://books.google.com/books?q=Hissarlik&btnG=Search+Books gives more than twice as many hits... DS (talk) 23:20, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Graphic request: map
Is there anyone familiar with the making of those nifty maps showing contextual position, which most geographical articles have? I think the article could be much improved with a picture showing where Hisarlik is located within the rest of modern Turkey, and especially with respect to Istanbul. Robert K S (talk) 23:40, 29 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I used Template:Infobox ancient site to provide this automatically in change http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hisarlik&oldid=454739601 RPTB1 (talk) 18:00, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

pretty selective, probably biased by nationalism etc, definitely not comprehensive
I'm sure that there's been lots of people from many countries who looked for troy before Schliemann. But this article is trying to give the major share of the credit to calvert. It embarrasses me since i'm of english heritage to see this nationalistic agenda(or is it something to do also with Calvert family pride?). shliemann's the one who found it for better or worse.Mention Pedro, calvert and a few others briefly, tell mre about Schiemann and then the bulk of the article should be about Hisarlik itself.199.33.32.40 (talk) 23:47, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Most modern sources give Calvert credit - without Calvert, Schliemann might well not have searched there. Calvert is only mentioned once in any case, that couldn't be briefer. Dougweller (talk) 07:50, 10 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Schliemann did not find it. It was journalist Charles Maclaren from Scotland who first suggested the site as a possible location of Iliou (the real name of the city). The first excavator was John Brunton, English civil engineer, followed by Calvert.
 * Schliemann was merely riding the wave. Why is he credited with anything other than destruction of the site is beyond me. 103.12.191.75 (talk) 13:36, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

Era Style
This is an article about a city which is currently in Turkey with a Muslim majority and its history is well before the Christian Era. Christian Era style should not be used for a non Christian history. BCE and CE are one of the accepted Wikipedia default styles. I therefore propose to change all the Era mentions. Hopeandreason (talk) 15:02, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Does this article need to exist?
Most of the information in this article duplicates what's already at Troy. And I'm not sure what I would want to add here that wouldn't fit better in the other article. Given that "Hisarlik" is really just the name of the site, would anybody object to redirecting this page to Troy? Any thoughts, ? ? ? Botterweg14  (talk)  18:04, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree that it would be better for this to be a redirect. Furius (talk) 18:17, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Agreed that a redirect would be in order with two caveats, 1) making sure that nothing (like the "Hisarlik from above" image) needs to be moved to the Troy article, which needs a bit of work itself but is too "public" for me to work on :-) and 2) we really do not KNOW Hisarlik was Troy, we just think it is. Probably is, maybe 80/20.Ploversegg (talk) 21:28, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Can you elaborate on that last point? I'm not an archaeologist, but the impression I had from the literature was that there's significant doubt about whether anything like a Trojan War actually happened, but that there isn't any doubt that Hisarlik is Classical Ilion. Am I missing something, or is this more a philosophical issue about what it would mean for Hisarlik to be Troy? Or perhaps more relevant, do you think treating them as a single topic is misleading for Wikipedia purposes? Botterweg14  (talk)  21:53, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Even the Troy article says "generally identified with the site of Hisarlik" which is what every scholarly source says something like that, "thought to be Troy" or "assumed to be Troy". They certainly have found no stone plaque saying "Welcome to Troy" or for that matter AFAIK ANY epigraphic finds from the site. And there are a number of unidentified mounds dotted around Anatolia, including this region. Still, for the sake of Wikipedia readers I suppose its ok to pretend its all good and say that Troy. As for whether there was an actual Trojan War, who cares at this remove. Clearly the Mycenae and their neighbors were bashing each over the head at that time and whoever live at the site would have been in that game. Clearly they believed in the myth up to Classical times anyway.Ploversegg (talk) 22:16, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * PS To give an example of contrarian views to the usual narrative (which I neither support or not support) one can look at Corfù, Nicolas Assur. "Was Hisarlik an interregional city with important harbor in the late Bronze Age?." Orbis Terrarum 13 (2015): 71-82 Ploversegg (talk) 03:34, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The basic equations of Hisarlik = Wilusa and Hisarlik = Ilion/Troia are certainly the communis opinio. The first equation was questioned during the Troy Controversy of the early 2000s (which should be discussed on Troy and have its own article), but that dispute was really about whether Bronze Age Troy was economically/politically "important" or not. Corfu's article very carefully avoids questioning whether Hisarlik was Wilusa, limiting itself solely to the question of how "important" the site really was. The equation is explicitly attested from Classical times onwards and there's plenty of epigraphy from Hellenistic and Roman times referring to the site as Troas or Ilion. Furius (talk) 20:05, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I appreciate the Corfu link. I didn't realize that this issue was still unresolved! Do you know of any handbook articles or overviews that discuss recent developments in the debate? In my work on the Troy article, I was trying to rely on syntheses (like the Oxford Handbook articles) rather than stitching together claims from primary sources, but the ones I was using seemed to suggest that things were settled.
 * Regarding the WP articles, my inner pedantic philosopher would actually endorse a split between Troy (literary) vs Hisarlik (archaeological site) vs Ilion (classical city) vs Wilusa. But in practical terms, I would worry that this division would be confusing to most Wikipedia readers, and also wouldn't be forward-compatible. The separate articles would likely devolve into forks once the motivation for the split is forgotten. Botterweg14  (talk)  18:45, 28 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Ok, I was wrong. There was one (1) epigraphic find, a luwian seal. I added the proper ref to the Troy article (and fixed the entry) as atonement.Ploversegg (talk) 03:38, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hisarlik


text:
Gate 13

Gate 13 (Θύρα 13), is the name of the ultras group of the Greek multi-sports club Panathinaikos A.O. Officially founded on November 19, 1966, Gate 13 is the oldest supporters' union in Greece. Gate 13 is one of the most powerful ultras group in Europe and has members from all over Greece and Europe, while over the years it has become a part of the club by affecting club decisions and by following the club on all possible occasions.

Origins
Before the foundation of Gate 13 there were various football supporters' clubs all around Greece. The first of these clubs was founded in October 1952 and was called S.F.O.P. (Σ.Φ.Ο.Π., Σύλλογος Φιλάθλων Οπαδών Παναθηναϊκού, Syllogos Filathlon Opadon Panathinaikou, Panathinaikos Supporters Club) and stayed active for an unknown amount of time.

Towards the end of the 50s, supporters started getting organized as far as the home and away match support. They started attending the matches regularly and always met at the 13th gate of the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium. Gate 13 was also a place for the poorest fans and supporters of the team, with the seats not being numbered, unlike the rest of the stadium and the vip seats.

In order to organize trips for away matches and other events, the various fan clubs used to write in the two newspapers most read by Panathinaikos fans of the time, Athlitiki Iho (Αθλητική Ηχώ, Athletic Echo) and Panathinaika Nea (Παναθηναϊκά Νέα, Panathenaic News).

By 1966, there were a number of supporters' clubs, all named by the area where they were based. Notable clubs included: Ampelokipi, Zografou, Patissia, Gizi, Petralona, Cholargos, Peristeri, Nikaia-Koridallos, Patras and many more, most of which are still active today. Despite the lack of a universal name, the clubs would often meet to discuss various things including the team's performance and management, various trips for away matches and securing tickets for the home matches. Since 1962–63 there had been thoughts of founding a universal club under the name of the stadium's gate where the team's most devoted supporters met, but at the time there were many difficulties. Slowly the name Gate 13 was starting to get recognized and respected from players and fans.

1966
Then, in 1966, after much effort, the "Syndesmos Filon Panathinaikou Athlitikou Omilou "I Thyra 13"" (Σύνδεσμος Φίλων Παναθηναϊκού Αθλητικού Ομίλου "Η Θύρα 13", Fan Club of Panathinaikos Athletic Club "Gate 13") first operated on November 19, 1966, on 68, Kolonos Str in Athens. At the time, it was a club like all the rest, but the difference was that its name would become a major part of Panathinaikos' history. On November 27, 1966, a few days after the foundation of Gate 13, a bus carrying Panathinaikos fans from Athens to Veroia crashed, resulting in the death of two Panathinaikos fans, Giorgos Koskoros (Γιώργος Κόσκορος) and Dimitris Sarantakos (Δημήτρης Σαραντάκος) who was one of the founding members of Gate 13.

1967–1971
In 1967 the supporters' clubs of Panathinaikos were increasing in number in Athens and rest of Greece. In 1967, the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 was established and closed many of them.

So did Gate 13, only to reopen in 1968 with new offices on 39, Sokratous Srt in the center of Athens. Many other clubs followed shortly. At that time, the situation inside the stadiums in Greece was very calm with fights only occasionally breaking out.

In the following years Gate 13 expanded and flags with its name and logos started to appear in European stadiums, as well as Greek ones, while the Leoforos stadium was overflowing with people in the vast majority of games.

Plus, the interest for basketball was growing among Panathinaikos's fans. In addition, Gate 13 would attend also non sport related activities like the team's elections. At the same time they would often express their opinion on various issues that they thought negatively influenced the club, like ticket prices etc.

1971–1974

1971 was a key year in the history of Panathinaikos. The football team reached the 1971 European Cup Final and is the first Greek football team ever to reach the final in a major European competition. Because of this success, Panathinaikos fans increased in numbers all over Greece. Gate 13 was present in all the games of the team in the European Cup with memorable trips. 15,000 fans went to Belgrade to see Panathinaikos against the then very strong Red Star Belgrade while 20,000 traveled to London's Wembley Stadium for the final against AFC Ajax. Because of the success of Panathinaikos's football team in European Competitions, a number of supporters' clubs started reopening while other fans decided to found their own supporters' clubs. Some of the most famous new clubs were in Nikaia and Vyronas in 1972. Immediately after its foundation, the club would attend many away games with its own leaders and would very often criticize Panathinaikos's management and owners. By 1974, most supporters' clubs had their own leaders and would be present in all away matches.

1974–1978
After the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 supporters' clubs started reappearing all over Greece. By 1978 there were 52 Panathinaikos supporters clubs operating all over Greece, when arch rivals Olympiakos only had a few clubs running. In 1976, during the event for Gate 13's 10 year anniversary, Panathinaikos's fans honoured the fans that had died by keeping a minutes silence in their memory.

Gate 13 remains until today the loudest part of the stadium, with many flags and banners giving colour and character to the stand.

Ultras Rapid
Gate 13 holds a very strong brotherhood with Rapid Wien's fans Ultras Rapid since 2001 when Panathinaikos played Sturm Graz for UEFA Champions League. Since then there have been many actions to promote this friendship such as flags from one to the curva of the other. On June, 2016, Ultras Rapid were present at the 50-year celebration of Gate 13 in Athens.

Other Friendships
Beyond the friendship with Ultras Rapid Wien, the closest active relations parts of Gate 13 share are with GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Bad Blue Boys and Roma, Curva Sud (Fedayn).

Over the years parts of Gate 13, had also friendships with groups from Real Madrid (Orgullo Vikingo) mainly during the 90s, Ajax Amsterdam (F-SIDE Amsterdam), Ferencváros, Hammarby IF FF, AS Saint-Étienne, SpVgg Greuther Fürth, Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Sporting CP, Club Atlético River Plate and Anadolu Efes S.K. Finally the strong friendship with Shamrock Rovers (SRFC Ultras) grew when some of the Gate 13 Ultras made their way to Ireland in 2017 to watch Shamrock Rovers away to Galway.

title: Gate 13


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/We're shitting ourselves

Where is the advertising for a forum then?


text:
Georgia State Route 20

State Route 20 (SR 20) is a 165.345 mi state highway roughly in the shape of a capital J rotated ninety degrees to the left, which travels through portions of Floyd, Bartow, Cherokee, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Walton, Rockdale, Newton, and Henry counties in the northwestern and north-central parts of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its counterclockwise, or western terminus is at the Alabama state line in Floyd County, and its clockwise, or eastern terminus occurs at its interchange with Lower Woolsey Road southwest of Hampton in Henry County south-southeast of the Atlanta Motor Speedway.

Route description
From the Alabama state line, SR 20 proceeds east through central Floyd County into the city of Rome, and is concurrent with US 27, SR 1, and SR 53 through downtown Rome. The highway leaves Rome to the east, concurrent with US 411, bisecting Floyd County, and then enters and bisects Bartow County, still concurrent with US 411 until just north of Cartersville (US 41 is briefly concurrent in Cartersville as well), after which SR 20 continues eastward on its own. The highway intersects I-75 north of Cartersville, and continues to head east, passing Lake Allatoona to its north, and entering Cherokee County. SR 20 heads east into central Cherokee County and through its county seat in Canton, and has a brief concurrency with I-575/SR 5, before continuing east into Forsyth County. In central Forsyth County, the highway dips southeast to pass to the south of Sawnee Mountain and heads through Cumming, crossing US 19 and SR 400, and heading on into Gwinnett County, passing to the south of Lake Lanier. SR 20 then turns south after an interchange with I-985/US 23/SR 365, crossing I-85 shortly thereafter. The road also provides access to SR 316, which leads to Athens. SR 20 continues southward through Lawrenceville and heads through Loganville into Walton County and paralleling the Gwinnett–Walton County line, before crossing into Rockdale County and meeting I-20/US 278/SR 12 in Conyers. Likely to help alleviate driver confusion due to two identically-numbered highways meeting, the highway is usually referred to at this point as SR 138, with which it travels concurrent through Conyers. SR 20 continues south and then southwest to the Henry County seat of McDonough, where it briefly travels concurrent with SR 81. SR 81 departs to the west after the highways cross I-75 at exit 218. The portion of SR 20 between the western end of the SR 81 concurrency and Lower Woolsey Road, the highway's clockwise/eastern terminus, was widened in the early 2000s from two lanes to four, including a new southern bypass of the city of Hampton, and more controlled access at US 19/US 41. The primary purpose of the widening has been to facilitate the flow of traffic to and from the Atlanta Motor Speedway located near the highway's eastern terminus.

Traffic
The Georgia Department of Transportation average annual daily traffic (AADT) numbers for the year 2011 show a variety of daily averages across SR 20. The traffic load on the highway starts at its lowest daily average load as the route starts into Floyd County, where numbers hover around 5,400 vehicles per day. These averages increase rapidly as the highway approaches Rome, going from around 12,000 vehicles to a peak of 38,000 vehicles in downtown Rome. As SR 20 becomes concurrent with US 27/SR 1, the numbers decrease to an average of 32,000, and then decrease more rapidly to around 15,000 as SR 20 heads east out of Rome. The vehicle load stays in that area all the way through Floyd County and into Bartow County, as the highway is the main west-to-east thoroughfare between Rome and Cartersville. In Cartersville, where the highway is concurrent with US 41, the vehicle count reaches a zenith of just over 41,000, but then drops off sharply as the highway heads into rural Cherokee County, dipping just below 10,000 before increasing again to near 24,000 vehicles per day as it approaches I-575/SR 5. On the portion of the highway that is concurrent with I-575/SR 5, the highway sees its maximum vehicle load of just over 54,000 vehicles, again dropping rapidly east of I-575/SR 5, going from around 24,000 down to 11,000, and further down to around 10,000 as the Forsyth County line is reached.

Numbers start to creep up again as the Forsyth county seat of Cumming approaches, going from 10,000 to over 22,000 vehicles, cresting at 37,000 vehicles south of Cumming, as the route feeds traffic onto US 19/SR 400 southbound into Atlanta. Averages stabilize around 20,000 vehicles per day as SR 20 heads into Gwinnett County, briefly cresting again at over 41,000 vehicles around I-985, and dipping to around 30,000 vehicles around I-85. South of Lawrenceville, numbers then start to decrease once more from around 22,000 down to 14,000 around Loganville, and dip down into average of just over 8,000 in rural Walton County. Until the highway reaches Conyers, average numbers see lows of 6,800 in Rockdale County, increasing again to just over 31,000 in and around Conyers and I-20. Rapidly decreasing once more to around 7,600 vehicles per day in Newton and northern Henry counties, another high is reached in the vicinity of I-75 with just over 28,000 vehicles per day, before the highway reaches its eastern terminus in Hampton with average traffic loads just over 12,000 vehicles per day.

National Highway System
The following portions of SR 20 are part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense:
 * From its western terminus at the Alabama state line to SR 124 in Lawrenceville
 * From its intersection with Sigman Road NE to its interchange with I-20 in Conyers
 * From I-75 in McDonough to its eastern terminus southwest of Hampton

1920s
The highway that would eventually become SR 20 was established at least as early as 1919 as the entire length of SR 4 from the Alabama state line to Cartersville, an unnumbered road from Cumming to Buford, part of SR 13 from Buford to Lawrenceville, and part of SR 45 from Lawrenceville to Loganville. By the end of 1921, SR 68 was established on the current path of SR 20 from Cumming to Buford. Also, SR 45 between Lawrenceville and Loganville was redesignated as part of SR 13. By the end of 1926, two segments had a "sand clay or top soil" surface: from the Alabama state line to just west of Rome and from Sugar Hill to Lawrenceville. The highway in the vicinity of Rome had a "completed hard surface". A portion of the highway from just east of Rome to a point northwest of Cartersville was under construction. In the northwestern part of Cartersville and farther to the west, a portion of the highway had a completed semi hard surface. Within three years, all of SR 4 was redesignated as part of SR 20, with US 41W designated on the Rome–Cartersville segment. US 19 was designated on the Buford–Lawrenceville segment. The portion of the highway at the Alabama state line had a completed semi hard surface. The portion of the highway just east of Rome had a completed hard surface. The highway was under construction northwest of Cartersville.

1930s
By the middle of 1930, SR 20 was established from SR 61 in Rydal to SR 5 in Canton. The entire Rome–Cartersville and Buford–Lawrenceville segments had a completed hard surface. Also, SR 53 was designated from the Alabama state line to Rome, farther to the north than SR 20. Later that year, the portion of SR 20 and SR 53 west of Rome were swapped. By the beginning of 1932, US 19 was shifted farther to the west and off of the current SR 20 between Buford and Lawrenceville; at the same time, US 23 was designated on this same segment. In January 1932, SR 20 was established from Canton to Cumming. SR 68, from Cumming to Buford, was decommissioned and redesignated as part of SR 20. Also, since SR 13 was shifted to a more western alignment, its segment from Buford to Lawrenceville was also redesignated as part of SR 20. A few months later, SR 20 was established from Loganville to Conyers. Nearly a year later, SR 20 was established from Conyers to McDonough. The next month, the western part of the segment from the Alabama state line to Rome was under construction. Later that year, SR 20 was designated along SR 61 from Cartersville to Rydal, with the entire length having a sand clay or top soil surface. Also, a portion of the highway east of Canton was under construction. Before the year ended, US 41W between Rome and Cartersville was redesignated as part of US 411, which was also designated along SR 20/SR 61 from Cartersville to Rydal. At this time, the Rockdale County portion of the segment between Loganville and Conyers was under construction. By the middle of 1935, the western half of the Canton–Cumming segment was under construction. By October of that year, a small portion east of Canton had a sand clay or top soil surface. At the end of the year, a small portion north-northeast of Cartersville, as well as a small portion north-northeast of Conyers, had a completed hard surface. Later in 1936, the central portion of the SR 20/SR 61 segment, from Cartersville to Rydal, had completed grading, but was not surfaced. A few months later, a small portion south-southwest of Rydal had a completed hard surface. The entire Forsyth County portion of the Canton–Cumming segment, except for the eastern end, was under construction. Also, the entire Gwinnett County portion of the Cumming–Buford segment had completed grading, but was not surfaced. By the middle of the year, the central portion of SR 20/SR 61, from Cartersville to Rydal, had a completed hard surface. Also, the eastern three-fourths of the Canton–Cumming segment was under construction. A few months later, the western third of this segment had a completed hard surface, while the eastern third of it had completed grading, but was not surfaced. The northern half of the segment between Lawrenceville and Loganville, and nearly the entire northern half of the segment between Conyers and McDonough, also had completed grading, but was not surfaced. About two years later, US 23 was shifted farther to the west and off of SR 20's path. Also, a small portion northeast of Buford had a sand clay or top soil surface. Before the year ended, about half of the total length of the segment from the Alabama state line and Rome had a completed hard surface.

1940s
Toward the end of 1940, the western portion of this segment, as well as the entire Rockdale County portion of the Conyers–McDonough segment, had a completed hard surface. Later that year, SR 20 Spur was built in the northern portion of Cartersville from US 41/US 411/SR 3/SR 20 to US 411/SR 20/SR 61. At this time, SR 113 was established from US 411/SR 20/SR 61 in the northern portion of Cartersville to SR 5 in the southern portion of Canton. In 1941, the western and eastern termini of SR 113 had completed grading, but were not surfaced. The next year, SR 113 was truncated to Cartersville, its former path was redesignated as part of SR 20. With the highway being shifted southward, its former path between Rydal and Canton became part of SR 140. In 1943, SR 20 Spur in the northern part of Cartersville was redesignated as part of the SR 20 mainline. By the end of 1946, three segments were hard surfaced: Alabama state line to Rome, Cumming to Buford, and Lawrenceville to Loganville. Between 1946 and the beginning of 1948, the Canton–Cumming segment, and a portion north-northeast of Conyers, were both hard surfaced. At this time SR 20 Spur was established in Loganville.

1950s
Before the third quarter of 1950 ended, a portion of the highway northeast of Cartersville was hard surfaced. By the end of 1951, the southern half of the segment from Loganville to Conyers, and a portion northeast of McDonough, had been hard surfaced. In 1952, an unnumbered road was built from SR 81 west-southwest of McDonough to US 19/US 41/SR 3 in Hampton. The next year, a small portion of SR 20 in the northern part of Cartersville, a portion of it west of Canton, and the entire Rockdale County portion were hard surfaced. At this time, SR 294N was built, with a hard surface, northeast of Cartersville. At this time, SR 20 Conn. was built, from SR 20 in Sugar Hill, to US 23/SR 13 south of Buford. In 1954, the entire Walton County portion of the highway was hard surfaced. SR 20 Conn. was redesignated as part of the SR 20 mainline. In 1955, it was reverted to being designated as SR 20 Conn., with the western part paved. A few years later, all portions of SR 20 that had been built were paved. At this time, SR 294 had been redesignated as the SR 294 mainline. By 1960, SR 20 was extended west-southwest from McDonough along SR 81, and then on a previously unnumbered road to US 19/US 41/SR 3 in Hampton. The entire length of this extension was paved.

1960s
Between 1960 and 1963, US 411 between Rome and Cartersville was shifted on a more southerly routing, concurrent with SR 344; SR 20 remained on the old alignment. By 1966, SR 294 had been reverted to being designated as SR 294N. SR 20 Conn. had been decommissioned and redesignated as the SR 20 mainline again. In 1966, SR 20 Spur was designated from SR 20 in Sugar Hill to SR 13 Spur in Buford.

Later years
The highway stayed about the same until 1977, when SR 344 was decommissioned. SR 20 was shifted onto US 411 between Rome and Cartersville. SR 20's old alignment was redesignated as part of SR 293. A few years later, SR 20 Spur in Loganville was decommissioned and redesignated as part of SR 81. A decade later, SR 20 Spur in Buford was also decommissioned. In the middle of the decade, SR 294N was decommissioned again and redesignated as SR 20 Spur. In the mid-2000s, SR 20 was extended to Lower Woolsey Road southwest of Hampton.

Cartersville spur route
State Route 20 Spur (SR 20 Spur) is a 4.264 mi spur route of SR 20. It travels from SR 20, just east of its interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75) north of Cartersville, south to Allatoona Dam. The highway, along with nearby Allatoona Dam road, formed the two segments of State Route 294.

By 1953, SR 20 Spur had been constructed and was signed as SR 294.

title: Georgia State Route 20


text:
Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)

"Who Is It" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on July 13, 1992, as the fifth single from Jackson's eighth studio album, Dangerous (1991). The song was written and composed by Jackson, and produced by Jackson and Bill Bottrell. The song's lyrics pertain to despair over being left by someone you love; some critics noted a comparison to the lyrics of the song to Jackson's single "Billie Jean" from the album Thriller. As part of the promotion for the song, two music videos were released in 1992. The song was not performed by Jackson on any of his tours. He did, however, perform a small segment of the song in his interview with Oprah Winfrey in early 1993.

Background and composition
"Who Is It" was recorded by Michael Jackson for his eighth studio album, Dangerous. Jackson wrote and composed the track, in the key of D minor, and produced it with Bill Bottrell. It was released as the fifth single from Dangerous on July 13, 1992, in the UK by Jackson's record label, Epic Records. The lyrics of the song tell of a man who is left in despair when his lover suddenly leaves him. He learns that she was unfaithful to him and wants to know with whom she cheated.

Critical reception
Several music critics compared "Who Is It" to Jackson's 1983 single "Billie Jean". Chris Lacy from Albumism described the song as a "haunting masterpiece" that "finds Jackson teeming with rage and regret when his lover leaves him unexpectedly." Larry Flick from Billboard called it a "stellar jam", adding that "minor-key synths and rigid rhythms underscore a white-knuckled vocal and a hook reminiscent of 'Billie Jean'." Chris Willman of the Los Angeles Times claimed that it "recaptures some of the slinky, insinuating feel of 'Billie Jean'." Jon Pareles, a writer for The New York Times, said the song is an "imitation" of "Billie Jean". Alan Light of Rolling Stone noted that unlike his previous efforts, it is about betrayal. Jonathan Bernstein, a writer for Spin, wrote that "Who Is It" was "close skin to 'Billie Jean'."

Commercial reception
"Who Is It" was commercially successful worldwide, generally peaking within the top 30 positions on national music charts. The song peaked at number 14 on the United States' Billboard Hot 100 chart, while peaking at number six on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, as well as topping the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play. Internationally, "Who Is It" reached the top 20 in several countries. The song debuted on the United Kingdom music chart at number 12 on July 25, 1992, and the following week reached its peak position, number 10. It remained within the top 100 positions for seven consecutive weeks from July to September 1992. In France, the track peaked at number eight on August 29. "Who Is It" reached its lowest peak position at number 34 in Australia.

In Austria, the track debuted at its peak position, number five; the song remained within the top 30 chart positions from August to October. "Who Is It" debuted in Switzerland on August 2, at number 40, and peaked at number 14 two weeks later. The song debuted at number 94 in the Netherlands, and the following week moved up 60 positions, eventually peaking at number 13. In Sweden, the track entered the country's music chart at its peak position, number 24 and, after four weeks, fell out of the top 50. In Norway, the track debuted at its peak position, number 10 on the 30th week of 1992; the song charted at its peak position for two weeks before falling off the chart. The song also peaked at number 16 in New Zealand. After Jackson's death in June 2009, his music experienced a surge in popularity. "Who Is It" re-entered the Switzerland music charts for the first time in over 17 years, hitting number 49 on July 12, 2009.

Music video
Directed by David Fincher, the accompanying music video for "Who Is It" was released in 1992. The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California and the helicopter scene in the video was filmed at the Neverland Ranch.

It begins with Jackson in what seems to be a hotel, singing about his girlfriend portrayed by English model Yasmin Le Bon. He is distressed because he found a silver card with the name "Alex" on it. It implies that his girlfriend is cheating on him with someone else. As the story in the video unfolds, the girl takes on different identities (i.e. Eve, Diana, etc.) for her job as a high class call girl. "Alex" (which is also a girl's name) just happens to be one of them. The video alternates scenes from where Jackson is singing about his pain, to where the girl is being changed into her different identities and taking care of her jobs (mostly meeting with other men and even some women, and sleeping with them). Towards the end of the video, Jackson has packed up his bags to leave town, because of his distress. A helicopter comes to pick him up from his house. The girl comes to Jackson's house and she asks his assistant (who knows the situation and aided Jackson in his departure) to let her in. It is likely she quit the job for him and wants to stay. The assistant shakes his head, implying that he left. When she asks why, he drops a flutter of silver nameplates (including the one that said "Alex") from a slot in the door. After that scene, Jackson is seen sleeping and smoke floats out the side of the screen. Having lost her love and without any alternative, the girl turns to her profession as a call girl again. Her employer (portrayed by actress Lois Chiles) slaps her in the face and the video ends as the girl is seen being prepared for a new identity.

This version did not initially air in the USA but was included on the video albums: Dangerous: The Short Films and Michael Jackson's Vision.

Another version of the video features footage from past music videos and live performances. This is the version that first aired in the USA.

Track listings

 * CD-maxi (658179 2)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (7-inch edit with intro) – 4:10
 * 2) "Who Is It" (The Most Patient Mix) – 7:44
 * 3) "Who Is It" (IHS Mix) – 7:58
 * 4) "Who Is It" (P-Man Dub) – 7:31
 * 5) "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" (Roger's Underground Solution Mix) – 6:22
 * 7-inch single (658179 7)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (7-inch edit with intro) – 4:10
 * 2) "Rock with You" (Masters at Work Remix) – 5:29
 * The Remixes – 12-inch maxi (658179 6)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (Patience Mix) – 7:44
 * 2) "Who Is It" (The Most Patient Mix) – 7:44
 * 3) "Who Is It" (IHS Mix) – 7:58
 * 4) "Who Is It" (P-Man Dub) – 7:31
 * CD single (658179 5)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (The Most Patient Mix) – 7:44
 * 2) "Who Is It" (IHS Mix) – 7:58
 * 3) "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" (Roger's Underground Club Solution) – 6:22

 * The Remixes – CD-maxi (ESCA 5652)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (Patience Mix) – 7:44
 * 2) "Who Is It" (The Most Patient Mix) – 7:44
 * 3) "Who Is It" (IHS Mix) – 7:58
 * 4) "Who Is It" (P-Man Dub) – 7:31
 * 5) "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" (Roger's Underground Club Solution) – 6:22

 * CD-maxi (49K 74420)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (The Oprah Winfrey Special Intro) – 4:00
 * 2) "Who Is It" (Patience Edit) – 4:01
 * 3) "Who Is It" (House 7-inch) – 3:55
 * 4) "Who Is It" (Brothers in Rhythm House Mix) – 7:13
 * 5) "Beat It" (Moby's Sub Mix) – 6:11
 * 12-inch maxi (49 74420)
 * 1) "Who Is It" (Brothers in Rhythm House Mix) – 7:11
 * 2) "Who Is It" (Tribal Version) – 7:39
 * 3) "Who Is It" (Brothers Cool Dub) – 5:47
 * 4) "Who Is It" (Lakeside Dub) – 7:36
 * 5) "Beat It" (Moby's Sub Mix) – 6:18

Credits and personnel

 * Written, composed, arrangement, soprano voice, solo and background vocals by Michael Jackson
 * Produced by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell
 * Recorded, mixed and synthesizer by Bill Bottrell
 * Bryan Loren, Bill Bottrell: Drums
 * Louis Johnson: Bass (bass guitar)
 * Keyboard arrangements by Brad Buxer and David Paich

 * Keyboard performance and programming: Brad Buxer, Michael Boddicker, David Paich, Steve Porcaro and Jai Winding
 * String arrangement by George del Barrio
 * Concertmaster: Endre Grant
 * Solo cello: Larry Corbett

title: Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)


text:
User talk:Chakrapanireddy

hi

title: User talk:Chakrapanireddy


text:
User:PhilipO

Search user languages

Articles I have created
In addition to various lists and redirects I have started the following articles: -
 * Roches Stores
 * Scorpion Swamp
 * Space Assassin
 * Humax

Decent Additions

 * Ghosts 'n Goblins
 * Volatile variable
 * Device drivers
 * Bill Kaysing
 * River Corrib

Stuff I mean to do

 * Fighting Fantasy Gamebook descriptions

Stuff I am always doing

 * RC Patrol
 * Vandalism reversion
 * Reverting linkspam - Wikipedia is not a link farm. Check out more at User:Jdavidb/Linkspam about creating a coherent policy to deal with this topic.

Page Vandalism
This page was first vandalised 21:10, 21 August 2005, by 69.128.14.132. It made me smile.

Sock Puppets
I find sockpuppets amusing. Even more so when pages I nominate for deletion result in cascade of them.  .

title: User:PhilipO


text:
Talk:Twip

Twip
"A twip (which stands for Twentieth of a Point) is a typographical measurement. It is also used as the default measurement in Visual Basic where 15 twips is equal to 1 pixel. A twip is 1/1440 of an inch when derived from the PostScript point at 72 to the inch, as opposed to the printer's point at 72.27 to the inch."

The above needs clarification. One could conclude that a pixel is 15/1440 of an inch - which is not correct. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 211.29.233.112 (talk)

not 17.639µm but 1.7639µm
Surely 567 * 0.0017639 = 1 cm?

"Twip" was also an imaginary brand used in fake commercials on early TV Land. What do you think about an article about that kind of Twip? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chabba77 (talk • contribs) 02:34, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

The article is right: 567 twips * 17.639 µm/twip equals (approximately) 1 cm.

Alinhan (talk) 13:52, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Other meanings
Wikipedia articles are about "one meaning" at a time. I removed the following: Someone might want to start Twip (disambiguation) with this material, but most of it seems to be of questionable notability. —johndburger 02:39, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Used as a term on the NPR radio show, Says You!, as it was aired on 16 December, 2005.
 * Take What Insurance Pays - a surgeon's agreement to accept a lower payment than he ordinarily would for a procedure and not charge the patient the difference.
 * Terminal Weather Information for Pilots
 * An imaginary product advertised for sale on TV Land

Doesn't make sense.
"15 twips are equal to one pixel. One centimetre is equal to 566.928 twips." Are twips dependent on pixels or centimetres? It can't be both, because screen resolutions, and therefore pixels per centimetre, differ. The quote above would imply that every computer screen has a resolution of 37.7952 pixels per centimetre... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.99.2 (talk) 06:34, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, to be precise, the formal definition is not 1440 twips = 1 inch, it's 1440 twips = 1 logical inch. In other words, some assumptions about pixel size are made on some media, although on other, such as when printing, it's pretty accurate. 88.131.91.2 (talk) 13:09, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

 * "logical" is a very important key word in that definition. Without it, the meaning becomes very different, and it should be included in the definition used in the article. 94.254.39.93 (talk) 20:46, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Considering that we're busy necroposting anyway, the whole ‘logical’ inch / metre / whatever is because of calibration error and possibly zoom, but that's always going to be there to the the point that speaking of ‘logical’ units feels very tautologous. And you might as well split a logical inch in 1440 logical twips. That the article used to mention 15 is because until recently 96 pixels per inch has been the standard setting since the eighties, which was ballpark accurate at the time. The dots per inch article seems to have more info, although I'm not sure how much of it is accurate. Some of the material there really smells like ‘alternative facts’.

title: Talk:Twip


text:
Talk:Kane quantum computer

Talk
What is the reason for naming the gates "A gates" and "J gates"?

 * A and J are the symbols used in the prior literature for hyperfine coupling and molecular exchange interaction respectively. -- Tim Starling 01:57, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kane quantum computer


text:
1952–53 in Scottish football

The 1952–53 season was the 80th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 56th season of the Scottish Football League.

Scottish League Division A
Rangers won the title with a 1–1 draw in their last match, away to Queen of the South. Rangers equalised with 17 minutes to go and thereby won the league on goal average from Hibernian, thus preventing Hibs from winning their third title in a row.

Champions: Rangers

Relegated: Motherwell, Third Lanark

Scottish League Division B
Promoted: Stirling Albion, Hamilton Academical

County

 * * - aggregate over two legs
 * - trophy shared

Scotland national team
Scotland and England shared victory in the 1953 British Home Championship.

Key:
 * (H) = Home match
 * (A) = Away match
 * BHC = British Home Championship

title: 1952–53 in Scottish football


text:
User talk:Yakolev

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer 04:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Yakolev


text:
Triumph of a Heart

"Triumph of a Heart" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her fifth studio album Medúlla. Written and produced by Björk, the song features beatboxer Rahzel from The Roots, Gregory Purnhagen, and Japanese beatboxer Dokaka. "Triumph of a Heart" was released on 28 February 2005, by One Little Indian. A song with elements of pop, dance, and hip hop elements, the lyrics to "Triumph of a Heart" are described as being a celebration of "the workings of anatomy".

Critical reception towards "Triumph of a Heart" was mixed; whilst some music journalists noted that it was one of the only radio-friendly songs on Medúlla as well as a successful album closer, others called the track "erratic". The song fared moderately on music charts, peaking at the top ten in Spain and reaching the top 40 in Italy and the United Kingdom. The music video for "Triumph of a Heart", directed by Spike Jonze, depicts Björk being married to a housecat, going out for a night out on the town. The track was also included on the 2007–08 Volta tour.

Composition
Musically, "Triumph of a Heart" is a song with pop, dance, and hip-hop elements. According to Michael Hubbard from MusicOMH, the song begins with "balloons being blown up" and goes on to feature a sequenced cacophany of "meaows, mmmmms, parps, waaayaas and other side-splitting human voice noises all strung together like so many deranged pixies letting out their tensions in pixie disco land". "Triumph of a Heart" also features orchestral arrangements by the Icelandic and London Choirs, as well as hooks coming from a "human trombone", the singer Gregory Purnhagen, and beatboxers Rahzel and Dokaka. Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine said the track "could be described as "future disco", with human voices subbing for bass kick, horns, house snare, and oscillating synthesizers". In the song, Björk also lyrically "celebrates the workings of anatomy". In an interview with Radio X, Björk said that in fact the lyrics were "probably about just celebrating the body; cells doing rollercoaster rides up and down your body, in the blood and the lungs. Just singing". With Interview magazine, whilst asked about the song's lyrics, the singer stated that, "I always think I'm saying something really upfront and direct. I guess through the years, I've probably done a lot of alternative medicine like acupuncture. I'm probably interested in the Chinese things overall. But that song is actually about that because—I don't know if you understand this—but I have a tendency to finish my kidney energy. It's my weakness. And if you kick your heels into the earth, you send back the kidney energy. So I was trying to have one verse about that, and one verse about oxygen, and one verse about the nerves".

Critical reception
Dominique Leone, writing for Pitchfork magazine, said the track was one of the only songs on the album that might conceivably work on the radio. Chris Willman from Entertainment Weekly said "Triumph of a Heart" was "peppy" and "most easily digestible" than the rest of the album and "tucked away at the disc's end" it was like a "reward for making it through the more challenging passages". Justin Petrone of The Baltic Times newspaper said "Triumph of a Heart" was "as bouncy and pop as any of her best, a true symbol that the record has succeeded". BBC Manchester said that "the punching rhythm" of the track twitches "through the spine". Blender's Ann Powers recommended the track for download. Mark Daniell from Jam! website commented that "she envelops all sensory perceptions on the breathy, beat-box laden" songs like "Triumph of a Heart". David Buckley from Mojo said "of the 14 songs here, only Who Is It and Triumph of a Heart could in any way be called radio-friendly". Although People magazine gave Medúlla a negative review, it recommended "Triumph of a Heart" for download. The Milk Factory website noted on the song there were hints of Björk's poppier days "cleverly blended into Medúlla's unconventional template". Heather Phares from AllMusic said "there's something simian about Dokaka's gleeful babbling and beats" on "Triumph of a Heart".

Matthew Gasteiser from Prefix magazine commented that "Triumph of a Heart" closes the album with an "awe-inspiring performance" by Dokaka, who "helps create a dance beat complete with trumpet that could have fit right in on 1993's Debut", and that along with "Who Is It", it was an "excellent addition" to her catalogue, but noted that "both seem to be bereft of instruments simply to serve the concept. Fortunately, Bjork arranged them as lynchpins, holding the record's emotional strands together". Dom Sinacola from Coke Machine Glow website said that the track reunites "a clean menagerie of guest stars, rolling out Dokaka, Rahzel, and a bit of Schlomo for a tweaked disco boogie. Björk answers with a pump-crushing final anthem of sorts, going out breathlessly". Although he called it "abrupt and winded", he felt that the song was "just incomplete". According to Spence D. from IGN "Triumph of a Heart" was "the most erratic and quirky number of the entire set". Whilst the "human trombone" of Gregory Purnhagen "intertwines itself with the dueling beatbox verbal acrobatics of Rahzel and Dokaka", it creates a "strange cross culture of head nodding dance music and fairy tale pop cacophony". Brent DiCrescenzo from Time Out magazine ranked "Triumph of a Heart" as the sixth of "The 11 best Björk songs ever", calling the song "brilliant", and elaborating that "this album closer is the playful polar opposite of uptight".

Chart performance
In the United Kingdom, "Triumph of a Heart" debuted at its peak of number 31 on the UK Singles Chart on the issue dated 6 March 2005, and as of 2020, remains her last UK Top 40 hit. The song debuted at number 45 in Italy on 17 March 2005, before peaking at number 33 the week after. It fell off the chart the next week. In France, "Triumph of a Heart" debuted at its peak of number 63, before spending four other weeks and falling off the chart. It was a success in Spain, debuting at number seven on the issue dated 6 March 2005, and peaking at number six.

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Triumph of a Heart" was directed by Spike Jonze, who also directed the videos for "It's Oh So Quiet" and "It's in Our Hands". It was filmed in August 2004 in Reykjavík, Iceland, Björk's hometown. The video was premiered on 21 January 2005 through Björk's official website. In the video, Björk tired of her husband, played by a housecat, storms out of the house for a night out on the town. She goes to a pub where she drinks and hangs out with some friends. Then, she goes to the restrooms and the song stops, and the locals, including Dokaka, start beatboxing and making noises. When Björk is back, she joins the crew for a special performance of the song recorded for the video with samples from the "Audition Mix" of the song.

They go out of the pub and Björk runs through the town drunk, falling over at one point. Later, she wakes up on a road with scratches and bruises all over her body. The forehead injury really happened during filming. She gets up and continues to sing the song, with hearts coming from her mouth. The cat-husband sees the hearts from his house and finds out Björk's location. He picks her up in his car and they go home. At home, the two share a kiss and dance as the song ends. The making of the video is documented in a bonus feature that appears on The Medúlla Videos DVD (2005), which focuses on the auditions for the bar patrons who had to be able to make the noises and sound effects required for the song. An image of the cat in a suit reading a newspaper has become a popular internet meme, known as the 'I Should Buy A....' meme.

The video was well received by critics. It was placed number two on "The 10 best Björk music videos" list by Time Out magazine's David Ehrlich, who said that "it sure feels like the greatest music video ever made while you're watching it", also saying that the video's ending shows that "Björk is an independent woman, but it's always nice to have someone to dance with during breakfast". The video was also the 50th on "The 50 Best Music Videos of the Aughts" list by Slant Magazine, with Ed Gonzalez commenting that it "is more than just an uproarious collection of sight gags". The same magazine chose the video as the seventh best music video by Björk.

Live performance
"Triumph of a Heart" was first performed live on 20 April 2008 during the Volta tour at the Hammersmith Apollo in London. It was also added to setlists for other shows during the tour.

Track listings and formats

 * UK CD1
 * 1) "Triumph of a Heart" (Radio Edit) – 3:00
 * 2) "Desired Constellation" (Ben Frost's School of Emotional Engineering Mix) – 5:54

 * UK CD2
 * 1) "Triumph of a Heart" (Audition Mix) – 4:17
 * 2) "Vökuró" (Gonzales Mix) – 4:18
 * 3) "Mouth's Cradle" (Recomposed by Ensemble) – 4:11

 * UK DVD
 * 1) "Triumph of a Heart" (Video) – 5:22
 * 2) "Oceania" (Piano & Vocal) – 2:59
 * 3) "Desired Constellation" (Choir Mix) – 4:44

 * EU CD
 * 1) "Triumph of a Heart" (Audition Mix) – 4:17
 * 2) "Vökuró" (Gonzales Mix) – 4:18
 * 3) "Mouth's Cradle" (Recomposed by Ensemble) – 4:11
 * 4) "Desired Constellation" (Ben Frost's School of Emotional Engineering Mix) – 5:54
 * 5) "Triumph of a Heart" (radio edit) – 3:00

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Medúlla album booklet.
 * Björk – lead vocals, songwriting, producer, arrangement, programming
 * Dokaka – beatboxing
 * Rahzel – beatboxing
 * Mark Bell – programming
 * Gregory Purnhagen – human trombone
 * Valgeir Sigurdsson – programming
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing

title: Triumph of a Heart


text:
Cummings Park

Cummings Park is located in Stamford, Connecticut, US. It is made up of about 79 acres (320,000 m2) of shorefront property on Long Island Sound.

The main attraction of the park is Cummings Beach, which once had a seasonal harbor seal colony of which only a white marble seal statue is left. The park also has a playfield, four baseball fields, several basketball and tennis courts, rest rooms, a seasonal cafe, and a hillside that is popular among locals for winter sledding. A public marina, boat launch, and fishing pier are also located there.

Cummings Park is administered by the City of Stamford which sells monthly passes for parking access. It is named after Homer Stille Cummings, a former mayor of Stamford who was active in Democratic politics and later worked for Franklin Delano Roosevelt as U.S. Attorney General. He lived in town for most of his life and often went to the shoreline there for walking.

title: Cummings Park


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Andrew J."A.J." Branigan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Andrew J."A.J." Branigan
''Andrew J. "A.J." Branigan (born January 19, 1990) is first young American movie filmaker in the whole world''. Well, probably not. Calton | Talk 04:51, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and send the kid to bed without his supper. If he creates "Andrew's home video", smack him.  Postdlf 05:12, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * delete. vanity. Robinh 07:40, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 09:24, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wow. Oh, wow.  At 15, he should be able to make pronouns and verbs agree in number and choose verb tenses that make sense.  I only ask that he not come to my college to take English from me.  Delete the article as a hoax. Geogre 18:09, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. For a 10yo, little Andrew is not the best with gramer. Hello World! 19:02, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn kiddie vanity. -- Etacar11   23:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Binadot 02:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: what a joke, and an ungrammatical one at that. IINAG 18:50, 23rd July 2005 (UTC) (Vote actually by )
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.