text:
Caledonia

Caledonia (Calēdonia ) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Scotland that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all of Scotland. During the Roman Empire's occupation of Scotland, the area they called Caledonia was physically separated from the rest of the island by the Antonine Wall. The Romans several times invaded and occupied it, but unlike the rest of the island, it remained outside the administration of Roman Britain.

Latin historians, including Tacitus and Cassius Dio, referred to the territory north of the River Forth as "Caledonia", and described it as inhabited by the Maeatae and the Caledonians (Caledonii). Other ancient authors, however, used the adjective "Caledonian" more generally to describe anything pertaining to inland or northern Britain. The name is probably derived from a word in Common Brittonic.

Etymology
According to Zimmer (2006), Caledonia is derived from the tribal name Caledones (or Calīdones), which he etymologises as possessing hard feet', alluding to standfastness or endurance", from the Proto-Celtic roots *kal- "hard" and *φēdo- "foot". Similarly, journalist Alistair Moffat suggests the name is related to the Welsh word caled, "hard", which could refer to the rocky land or the hardiness of the people.

Toponymy
The name of the Caledonians may be found in toponymy, such as Dùn Chailleann, the Scottish Gaelic word for the town of Dunkeld meaning "fort of the Caledonii", and possibly in that of the mountain Sìdh Chailleann, the "fairy hill of the Caledonians". According to Historia Brittonum the site of the seventh battle of the mythical Arthur was a forest in what is now Scotland, called Coit Celidon in early Welsh. The name may be related to that of a large central Brythonic tribe, the Caledonii, one amongst several in the area and perhaps the dominant tribe, which would explain the binomial Caledonia/Caledonii.

Modern usage
The modern use of "Caledonia" in English and Scots is either as a historical description of northern Britain during the Roman era or as a romantic or poetic name for Scotland as a whole.

The name has been widely used by organisations and commercial entities. Notable examples include Glasgow Caledonian University, ferry operator Caledonian MacBrayne, and the now-defunct British Caledonian airline and Caledonian Railway. The Caledonian Sleeper is an overnight train service from London to Scottish destinations.

The Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. is a professional football club. In music, "Caledonia" is a popular Scottish patriotic song and folk ballad written by Dougie MacLean in 1977 and published in 1979 on an album of the same name; it has since been covered by various other artists, most notably Frankie Miller and Van Morrison. An original rock piece titled Caledonia appeared on Robin Trower's fourth album, "Long Misty Days", where coincidentally Frankie Miller cowrote another track on that album. The web series Caledonia and associated novel is a supernatural police drama that takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.

Ptolemy's account in his Geography also referred to the Caledonia Silva, an idea still recalled in the modern expression "Caledonian Forest", although the woods are much reduced in size since Roman times.

Some scholars point out that the name "Scotland" is ultimately derived from Scotia, a Latin term first used for Ireland (also called Hibernia by the Romans) and later for Scotland, the Scoti peoples having originated in Ireland and resettled in Scotland. Another, post-conquest, Roman name for the island of Great Britain was Albion, which is cognate with the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland: Alba.

There is an emerging trend to use the term Caledonia to describe New Caledonia in English, which reflects the usage in French of Calédonie (where the full name is La Nouvelle-Calédonie). The New Caledonian trade and investment department promotes inward investment with the slogan "Choose Caledonia".

title: Caledonia


text:
User talk:Krithikha

TADAO ANDO The master architect of Japan

Tadao Ando has been lauded as "that rare architect who combines artistic and intellectual sensitivity in a single individual capable of producing buildings, large and small, that both serve and inspire."

A self-educated architect, Tadao Ando says- “I believe that the way people live can be directed a little by architecture. I would like my architecture to inspire people to use their own resources, to move into the future. Although now we are more and more governed by the American way of thinking, money, the economy... I hope that now people will shift to a more European way (of thinking), culture, individuality, and that people move towards new goals. So for me to be able to contribute to this would be great.”

He believe, “Walls are the most basic elements of architecture, and in all my works, light is an important factor. The primary reason is to create a place for the individual, a zone for oneself within society.”

Ando rejects the rampant consumerism visible within much of today's architecture. He responds both sensitively and critically to the chaotic Japanese urban environment, but maintains a connection to the landscape. Although Ando rejects cultural fads, he uses materials and forms to incorporate the materialism of modern society into his architecture. Accordingly, his concrete and glass buildings reflect, the modern progress underway in both Japan and the world.

In opposition to traditional Japanese architecture, Ando creates spaces of enclosure rather than openness. He uses walls to establish a human zone and to counter the monotony of commercial architecture. On the exterior, the wall deflects the surrounding urban chaos, while on the interior it encloses a private space. Ando developed a radically new architecture characterized by the use of unfinished reinforced concrete structures. Using a geometric simplicity, which reveals a subtlety and richness in spatial articulation, Ando has generated an architecture that shares the serenity and clarity that characterize traditional Japanese architecture.

AWAJI YUMEBUTAI AWAJISHIMA, HYOGO, JAPAN

This ambitious project of Tadao Ando is located on a 215000m2 site, which has been used to obtain landfill for the nearby Kansai international airport. Through its construction this intricate complex of interior and exterior spaces not only serves in reconstructing the landscape that had been destroyed but also, through the idea of rebirth and reconstruction, serves as a memorial to the thousands who had lost their lives and the destruction of land in the massive earthquake that shook the Kobe region in 1995.

‘Yumebutai’ meaning ‘a stage for dreams’ is a mixed use complex that includes a hotel and a conference center. It also consists of a chapel, restaurants, terracing flower gardens, water gardens, and plazas. Its most striking feature is the succession of fountains and internal courtyards. The theme: The basic concept for this project is round universes and square universes, which are connected by walkways. Ando has experimented with the natural topography that remained after the landfill was obtained and has based it on a series of cascades using visually cascading forms and falling water. The plazas are animated through light and shadow and sounds of running water, a green house, and outdoor theater. It is a manmade construction that integrates itself into and becomes part of the landscape as it overlooks Osaka bay and descends from hillside to sea. The experience: A rich interweaving spatial experience is constructed through a spatial sequence of interior and exterior, light and shadow, running water and still water and a framing of views to the sky, water and vegetation. The physical materials of these spaces, silky smooth concrete, rough stone; seashells, translucent and transparent glass, water and vegetation are punctuated by light, sound and smell. The spaces at first glance look seemingly endless but they also entice the person to keep on moving; each space is different and each moment an experience. One may descend from the hillside through the rigid yet flowing flower gardens that descend towards the bay and move to large and interesting pools of water with inlaid scallop shells. Up and down staircases where for the first time we see light as a separate entity as though it were a piece of sculpture or element of building rather than just a form of energy. Accessed from the hotel is the chapel. Located below ground the chapel is illuminated from a cruciform shaped void in the ceiling. On the exterior its bell tower and cruciform glazing which seems to be floating in a pool of water can only see the chapel. Criticism: It has been said of the Yumebutai that it is space worth nothing and a place where Tadao Ando has tried too hard. But I believe that such spaces are necessary to where one can do nothing but experience space for space sake. This dramatic piece of architectural expression heightens our awareness of space, light, sound and architecture. It is one of the few spaces where these elements are true, unmarred by function and ‘usable space’. The Yumebutai truly deserves to be called ‘ a stage of dreams’.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Krithikha


text:
Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn

Ali al-Akbar ibn al-Husayn (عَلِيّ ٱلْأَكْبَر بن ٱلْحُسَيْن), commonly known as simply Ali al-Akbar, was the son of Layla bint Abi Murra and Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia imam and the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Aged between eighteen and twenty-five, Ali was killed at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, alongside his father and some seventy-two relatives and supporters, who fought against the army of the Umayyad caliph Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ((r. 680 – 683)). In Shia Islam, Ali al-Akbar is commemorated as a brave youth martyred before he could marry, and celebrated for his striking resemblance, in appearance and manners, to his great-grandfather, the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Birth
Ali al-Akbar was born to Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia imam. Husayn was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shia imam and also a cousin of Muhammad. All three men belonged to the Banu Hashim tribe. Mother of Ali al-Akbar was Layla, daughter of Abu Murra, who was the son of Urwa ibn Mas'ud, a companion of Muhammad from the Banu Thaqif tribe. The maternal grandmother of Ali al-Akbar, Maymuna, was the daughter of Abu Sufyan, chief of the Banu Umayya tribe. For this reason, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya ((r. 661 – 680)) apparently praised Ali al-Akbar as the most worthy of the caliphate, as he combined "the courage of the Banu Hashim, the generosity of the Banu Umayya, and the pride of the Banu Thaqif." Ali al-Akbar is often celebrated for his striking resemblance to Muhammad, both in appearance and manners, so much so that others looked at Ali al-Akbar whenever they missed Muhammad. This similarity also explains the Persian epithet of Ali al-Akbar, Shabih-e Payghambar (lit. 'prophet's likeness').

Ali al-Akbar (lit. 'Ali, the elder') was the eldest son of Husayn, per majority of the early authorities, including the Sunni scholars Ibn Sa'd and al-Baladhuri  and the pro-Shia historian al-Ya'qubi. Ali al-Akbar was therefore older than Ali Zayn al-Abidin, the only son of Husayn who survived the Battle of Karbala. The Islamicist W. Madelung, however, thought that Zayn al-Abidin was the eldest son of Husayn. The birthdate of Ali al-Akbar is also disputed and his age at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE is variously reported as 18, 19, 23, or 25. Among all these reports, 25 might be the most likely age because his younger brother, Ali Zayn al-Abidin, was probably 23 years old at the time of Karbala.

Accession of Yazid
In an appointment that violated earlier agreements with Husayn's brother Hasan, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya ((r. 661 – 680)) designated his son Yazid ((r. 680 – 683)) as his successor in 676. Yazid is often presented by Muslim historians as a debaucher who openly violated the Islamic norms, and his nomination was indeed met with resistance at the time from sons of some prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn ibn Ali. On Mu'awiya's death and Yazid's accession in 680, the latter instructed the governor of Medina to secure Husayn's pledge of allegiance by force. Husayn thus Going to Mecca at night to reject recognizing Yazid as the caliph. He was accompanied by some relatives, including Ali al-Akbar.

Journey to Karbala
After receiving invitations from residents of Kufa, whose support were confirmed by his cousin Muslim ibn Aqil, Husayn left Mecca for Kufa on 8 or 10 Dhu al-Hijja (10 or 12 September 680), accompanied by a few relatives and supporters. A tradition attributed to Husayn explains that he left to fight the tyranny of Yazid, even though it would cost his life, as reported in al-Irshad, a biographical work by the prominent Shia scholar al-Mufid. Husayn also wrote in his will for his brother Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya that he had not set out to seek "corruption or oppression" but rather to "enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong."

On their way to Kufa, Husayn is said to have had a dream about the eminent deaths of his companions when he briefly fell asleep on his horse. He woke up reciting verse 2:156 of the Quran, "To God we belong, and to Him is our return," offering praise to God multiple times. Ali al-Akbar rode to him and learned about the dream, but welcomed his fate. This account appears in Tarikh al-Tabari, related by Uqba ibn Sam'an, who survived the Battle of Karbala. Soon afterward, Husayn's small caravan was intercepted by Yazid's army and forced to camp in the desert land of Karbala on 2 Muharram 61 (2 October 680) away from water and fortifications. The promised Kufan support did not materialize as the new governor of Kufa, Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, captured and killed Muslim ibn Aqil, the envoy of Husayn, and intimidated Kufan tribal chiefs.

Water shortage
On 7 Muharram, on orders of Ibn Ziyad, the Umayyad commander Umar ibn Sa'd cut off Husayn's access to the Euphrates river. Husayn's half-brother, Abbas ibn Ali, and some fifty companions were nevertheless able to bring back some water to Husayn's camp in a night sortie. Despite this attempt, the Islamicist L. Veccia Vaglieri suggests that the camp suffered from thirst for the following three days. Among other experts, D. Pinault similarly writes that the camp suffered from hunger and thirst during the siege, particularly the many young children in the camp, and the opinion of A. Hamdar is close. Karbala has a hot desert climate.

Negotiations
Ibn Sa'd was instructed by Ibn Ziyad not to let Husayn leave unless he pledged his allegiance to Yazid. Husayn did not submit to Yazid, but evidently negotiated with Ibn Ziyad through Ibn Sa'd to be allowed to retreat and avoid bloodshed. The governor did not relent, however, and finally ordered Ibn Sa'd to fight, kill, and disfigure Husayn and his supporters unless they pledged allegiance to Yazid, in which case their fate would be decided later.

Tasu'a
Ibn Sa'd decided to attack on Tasu'a (9 Muharram) after the afternoon prayer. As the Umayyad army approached, however, Husayn dispatched Abbas and some other companions, who convinced Ibn Sa'd to delay the confrontation until the following day. Husayn now besieged his followers in a speech to leave and not risk their lives for his sake, after which Abbas was the first to renew his support, saying that he would follow his brother in life or death. Nearly all those present stayed with Husayn until the end. Husayn and his companions spent that night praying and reciting the Quran, as reported by the Shia jurist Ibn Tawus and in most  works.

Ashura
On the morning of Ashura (10 Muharram), Husayn organized his supporters, some seventy-two men. He then spoke to the enemy lines and asked them why they considered it lawful to kill the grandson of Muhammad. Probably after this speech, the Umayyad commander al-Hurr ibn Yazid al-Tamimi defected to Husayn's side. The Umayyad army then showered the camp with arrows, thus commencing the battle which lasted from morning till sunset and consisted of incidents of single combat, at least throughout the morning, skirmishes, assaults, and retreats. By the early afternoon, however, the Umayyad army had encircled the camp, and the companions had all fallen.

Death
Among the Alids, that is, the descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib, Ali a-Akbar was the first to receive permission to fight and enter the battlefield. The accounts presented in popular literature, however, sometimes place him among the last to be killed. For instance, Ali is presented as the seventeenth casualty in Rawzat al-shohada by Husayn Kashifi, the Timurid-era poet and preacher. Ali al-Akbar is said to have charged multiple times at the enemy lines. After one of his charges, he returned from the battlefield, injured and parched with thirst, and complained of thirst. Husayn consoled him that his thirst would soon be quenched at the hands of his great-grandfather Muhammad. Ali al-Akbar then returned to fight and was finally felled by Murra ibn Sa'd, who is said to have struck Ali from behind. He fell and was surrounded by Umayyad soldiers who "cut him to pieces." In most reports, his killer is named Murra ibn Munqidh al-Abdi, who later survived a revenge attempt by the pro-Alid revolutionary Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, but was severely wounded. A grief-stricken Husayn wept over the body of his dead son and, and lamented, "The world has ended," and, "There will be [only] dust on the world after you," according to al-Irshad. Husayn's sister Zaynab rushed there too and Husayn finally returned to the camp with her inconsolable sister. He then asked other young men to carry the body of Ali al-Akbar back to the camp.

The battle ended when the lone-standing Husayn was killed in the afternoon. The severed heads of Ali al-Akbar and others were afterward taken to Ibn Ziyad in Kufa and then to Yazid in Damascus, where his head was likely buried in the Bab al-Saghir cemetery. The women and children, taken captive after the battle, were marched alongside to Kufa and then Damascus.

Shrine
The fallen supporters of Husayn were buried by some men of the Banu Asad tribe from the al-Ghadiriyya village. In particular, Ali al-Akbar was buried next to his father. Today, the two tombs are located under the central dome of the shrine of Husayn in the city of Karbala, in present-day Iraq. The city developed around the shrine and has become a destination for pilgrimage and a center for religious learning. There are also passages devoted to Ali al-Akbar in the supplications recited by pilgrims. He left no descendents.

Commemoration in Shia Islam
Following the precedents of Shia imams in mourning Husayn, Shia Muslims commemorate the Karbala events throughout the months of Muharram and Safar, particularly during the first ten days of Muharram, culminating on Ashura with processions in major Shia cities. The main component of these ritual ceremonies (maj'alis, majlis) is the narration of the stories of Karbala, intended to raise sympathy and move the audience to tears. It is in this context that the memory of Ali al-Akbar is celebrated from the West Indies to Southeast Asia. In particular, in Iranian ritual passion-plays (ta'zies), Ali al-Akbar is often featured as an unfortunate brave youth who was martyred before he could marry. A parallel is thus drawn in Shia Islam between Abraham's sacrifice of his son Isma'il and Husayn's sacrifice of Ali al-Akbar.

title: Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn


text:
Republic XP-69

The Republic XP-69 was an American fighter aircraft proposed by Republic Aviation in 1941 in response to a requirement by the United States Army Air Corps for a high-speed fighter. Manufacturers were encouraged to consider unorthodox designs; although the design was ordered as a prototype it was canceled because of delays with the engine that was to power it.

Development
The United States Army Air Corps began the R40-C fighter competition in February 1940. The competition encouraged manufacturers to propose unorthodox high-speed fighter aircraft that met the requirements of Type Specification XC-622. The specification called for a single-engined high-performance fighter aircraft, with a maximum speed between 425 and 525 mph, armed with both machine guns and cannons, and be capable of landing on a 3,000 ft long grass runway.

Republic was one of six companies selected for the competition, and one of the aircraft proposed to the USAAC by Republic was the AP-12 Rocket. As proposed, the AP-12 was to be powered by a 2,500 hp Wright R-2160-3 Tornado 42-cylinder liquid-cooled radial engine mounted in the mid-section of the aircraft's streamlined, cigar-shaped fuselage, behind the cockpit, which drove a pair of three-bladed contra-rotating propellers. It was to be armed with four nose-mounted machine guns firing through the propeller arc, and a single 20 mm cannon firing through the propeller hub. The AP-12 placed 13th out of 26 contestants, forcing Republic to go back to the drawing board to improve its proposal.

In July 1941, Republic submitted an improved design, the AP-18. The AP-18 had little in common with the AP-12. It retained the original aircraft's R-2160 engine, which was now mounted in the nose of a completely new small-cross section airframe. The large radiator was to be mounted under the fuselage. The pressurized cockpit was to feature a bubble canopy, and an armament of four .50 in machine guns and two 37 mm cannons mounted in a laminar flow wing was planned. In December 1941, the United States Army Air Forces (successor to the USAAC) ordered two prototypes of the AP-18 under the designation XP-69. A mockup was built and was inspected by the USAAF in June 1942. Construction of the first prototype began in November of that year. However, due to development troubles and delays with the R-2160 engine, the XP-69 project was canceled in favor of a parallel development, the Republic XP-72, on May 24, 1943. By that time engineering on the project was 75% complete and the prototype was still in the early stages of construction, with the total program cost being $810,000.

title: Republic XP-69


text:
Talk:Lerch transcendant

This link is a misspelling of Lerch transcendent, see User talk:Linas. Having a misspelled link will lead to missspelled articles containing this link. I request that the link be deleted. Oleg Alexandrov 16:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirects are an important tool for getting users who are spelling-impaired to the page they want to locate. This is a classic example. Not speediable. Denni ☯ 03:12, 2005 July 15 (UTC)
 * I would argue though that you cannot make a redirect for each mis-spelling in existance. Also, if you make a mis-spelled link, and the link does not exist (redlink) it tells you that something is wrong. If the mis-spelled link is blue, the editor might think nothing is wrong. But either way, I agree with you that it is not a speedy. I will not bother to put this to the Redirects for deletion. Oleg Alexandrov 03:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lerch transcendant


text:
User talk:200.11.242.33

"Brahm (redirects)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Brahm (redirects). Since you had some involvement with the Brahm (redirects) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Regards, SONIC  678  16:15, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:200.11.242.33


text:
North Carolina Highway 132

North Carolina Highway 132 (NC 132) is a north-south North Carolina State Highway entirely in New Hanover County. The highway follows College Road for the duration of its route. The southern terminus of NC 132 begins at U.S. Route 421 (US 421) in the census-designated place of Myrtle Grove south of Wilmington. Continuing north, NC 132 continues along a major north-south artillery road in the city of Wilmington. Between Shipyard Boulevard and its northern terminus, NC 132 runs concurrently with US 117. NC 132 shares a short concurrency at the eastern terminus of Interstate 40 (I-40), before continuing north toward Castle Hayne. The northern terminus of NC 132 is located at a roundabout with US 117 and NC 133 just south of the main business district of Castle Hayne.

NC 132 was established in 1958 running along its present-day routing from US 421 to US 117 in Castle Hayne. In 1983 the highway was briefly shifted along the present-day routing of I-40 from Wilmington to US 117 south of Wallace. However, in 1984, NC 132 was reverted to its pre-1983 designation, with the freeway being renumbered as I-40.

Route description
NC 132 begins at U.S. Route 421 (US 421) on the border of Myrtle Grove and Silver Lake. Continuing north of the intersection, NC 132 follows College Road, a four-lane divided highway. The region is mostly residential, with several shopping centers alongside the road. NC 132 passes Cape Fear Academy to the east, and intersects 17th Street southeast of downtown Wilmington. The Central College Trail, a multi-use trail paralleling NC 132 begins at 17th Street and continues north until Holly Tree Road. College Road passes Pine Valley Country Club to the east, before intersecting US 117 at Shipyard Boulevard/Long Leaf Hills Drive. US 117 runs concurrently with NC 132 from Shipyard Boulevard until its northern terminus. North of the intersection, College Road becomes an undivided six-lane road, with two northbound lanes, three southbound lanes, and a middle turning lane. NC 132 serves as an access point to Long Leaf Park to its east.

At Oleader Drive, NC 132 intersects US 17/US 76. The intersection is one of the busiest in Wilmington, with approximately 70,500 vehicles using the intersection daily in 2019. North of Wrightsville Avenue, NC 132 begins a slight turn to the northeast ending southwest of MacMillan Avenue. The road widens to a six-lane divided highway with a grass median at Wilshire Boulevard. NC 132 runs along the western edge of the University of North Carolina Wilmington, providing access to the university via Hurst Drive, Crews Drive, and Randall Drive. North of the university, NC 132 continues through a commercial area and slightly turns to the northwest after intersecting Oriole Drive. NC 132 meets with US 17 Business (Market Street) at a partial cloverleaf interchange. At the interchange, the speed limit rises from 45 mph to 55 mph. NC 132 intersects US 74 (Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway) along the city limits of Wilmington. In Kings Grant, NC 132 crosses Smith Creek, a tributary of the Cape Fear River, and meets Interstate 40 (I-40) at its eastern terminus. NC 132 and US 117 run concurrently with I-40 for approximately 1/2 mi, before exiting the freeway and continuing to the northwest along College Road.

NC 132 largely parallels I-40 between the I-40 interchange and its northern terminus. NC 132 runs through an unincorporated and largely residential area north of the interchange. The highway provides access to Emsley A. Laney High School along with Olsen Park. At Murrayville Road, the highway transforms from a four-lane divided highway to a four-lane undivided road, before becoming a two-lane undivided road north of Long Ridge Drive. Passing over I-140, NC 132 passes to the west of Cape Fear Community College North Campus, accessible from Sidbury Road. The road is considerably more rural north of I-140, with large wooded areas adjacent to the roadway. NC 132 begins a turn to the northwest toward Castle Hayne to the north of an intersection with Blue Clay Road. The highway crosses a railroad track, before ending at a roundabout with US 117 and NC 133 just south of Castle Hayne.

History
NC 132 was established in 1958 running along College Road from US 421 south of Wilmington to US 117 in Castle Hayne. College Road was a newly built two-lane road, bypassing downtown Wilmington to the east. Between 1961 and 1963, College Road was widened to a multi-lane road between Shipyard Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard. NC 132 was further widened from Wilshire Boulevard north to Gordon Road in 1979. The construction of future I-40 in Wilmington built a new interchange at Gordon Road, requiring NC 132 travelers to use the exit ramps from the freeway. NC 132 was briefly rerouted to run along the new freeway from Wilmington to US 117 south of Wallace. This left the northern section of NC 132 from the freeway to US 117/NC 133 in Castle Hayne as a secondary roadway. In August 1984, NC 132 was removed from the freeway routing, and reinstated on its previous routing along College Road to Castle Hayne. The freeway became part of I-40, creating the short concurrency at the eastern end of the Interstate. In 1993, the section of NC 132 from US 421 to Shipyard Boulevard was multilaned, becoming the last section south of I-40 to be multilaned.

On March 17, 2003, US 117 was rerouted, being removed from its routing through downtown Wilmington. Instead it was routed along College Road and Shipyard Boulevard to the State Port. This created a 10.9 mi concurrency between NC 132 and US 117 from Shipyard Boulevard to Castle Hayne. In August 2015, a roundabout replaced an at-grade Y-intersection with NC 133 at the northern terminus of NC 132. The roundabout adjusted the roadway slightly to the west, with the former alignment becoming a service road.

Future
The Wilmington Metropolitan Planning Organization has identified four projects to be completed along NC 132. Project U-5792 would involve extending the limited-access divided freeway from I-40 to Oriole Drive in Wilmington. Three new interchanges, at Kings Drive, US 74 (Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway), and Ringo Drive would be constructed. Additionally, the US 17 Business (Market Street) interchange would be reconstructed, with the southbound on and off-ramps being adjusted to intersect Van Campen Boulevard. Additionally, a section of the roadway would be widened to four-lanes in each direction. The project is expected to begin construction in 2026.

Project U-5704 would improve NC 132 between Shipyard Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard by constructing a new intersection or interchange at US 76 (Oleander Drive). Access management and travel time improvements would be completed throughout the length of the project. The project is expected to begin construction in 2030.

Projects U-5702A and U-5702B would construct access management and other travel time-saving improvements along NC 132 in Wilmington. Project U-5702A would construct improvements between Shipyard Boulevard (US 117) and New Centre Drive. It is expected that project U-5702A will begin construction in 2026. Project U-5702B would construct similar improvements between the southern terminus of NC 132 at US 421 (Carolina Beach Road) and Shipyard Boulevard. Right of way acquisition for project U-5702B is expected to begin in 2025.

title: North Carolina Highway 132


text:
User talk:DMPineau

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:DMPineau


text:
Talk:The Design Revolution

NPOV and structure
Ian Pitchford rightly deleted the Dembski quotations and correctly identified this article as a "propaganda sheet for the book and should be deleted entirely or merged with he Dembski article." I agree.

It should also be pointed out that the structure of the article, laying out chapter headings with no detailed description of the book's content, no objective analysis of the same, and no mention of how the book was received is way outside both the norm and the guidelines for writing a great article. FeloniousMonk 16:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I asked Ian about that and he thought that the quotes were too much. You can read it from our talk pages.  What do you suggest for improvements? David Bergan 19:41, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Much much much later and ... would suggest a revert WAY back to something like July 2005 that says what the book has.  The article here seems to be sections (1) 2 para general about the book - OK except cite 1 seems a dupe of the generic 'list of societies rejecting ID'; (2) Criticism is just an unsourced list of names, no reason stated these were picked to list, seems just a hook to hang the cite to Perakh blog posting; (3) References, (4) External links which dupes the two Perahk cite and has deaedlinks at the Panda Thumb blog and the UCSD excerpts.    I'll just do some cleanup and leave it to someone else to expand to 2006 substantial material.  Markbassett (talk) 03:39, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on The Design Revolution. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080328150011/http://www.ncseweb.org/resources/articles/8408_statements_from_scientific_and_12_19_2002.asp to http://www.ncseweb.org/resources/articles/8408_statements_from_scientific_and_12_19_2002.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:25, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Design Revolution


text:
User talk:ThePostman

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Image copyright problem with Image:Johnnyspirit.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Johnnyspirit.JPG. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 15:25, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:ThePostman


text:
User talk:Hare

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Hare


text:
User talk:Bancroftian

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Re:Comment on my talk page
No prob, I love to welcome :) Yes Sabbath does rule all, but I have to say, remember to sign with ~ . Just write it after your comment on talk pages and the wikisoftware will change it to your user name and date. Redwolf24 16:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Beatles songs
Hi, I've noticed you've written some stubs (i.e. really short articles) on songs from The White Album recently. I was just wondering if you could take the bother to put them into a category, as all articles on wikipedia need at least one - you do that by putting (or whatever other category the article belongs in) at the bottom of the article. Also, these probably are song stubs, so perhaps a notice on the bottom would be appropriate - I've added one on I'm So Tired so you can see what I mean. Good luck on wikipedia, Sam Vimes 16:17, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm slowly working through some of the Beatles song stubs you've added to the site, adding the song stub tag etc. (Although I've not been doing the most important thing, and adding the necessary depth to the articles so they're more than just one sentence. Perhaps as you're apparently such a Beatles fan, you'd go back and improve the articles when you've the time?) I've noticed that on a number of occasions you've said that the songs are "off of" a certain album. As you'd made the error so often, I thought you'd like to know that saying "off of" is incorrect grammar. Saying "from" or even "on" would be more correct. Sorry if I sound as if I'm being petty - telling people about grammar always sounds petty! KeithD 22:40, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Pulp Fiction on This week's improvement drive
Can you have a look at this edit: diff. I am not sure if you wanted to vote for this article or is it just a lost comment: WP:IDRIVE. If it is a vote, can you move it to the appropriate place to clarify? Thank you. Best wishes --Fenice 11:23, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Hello
hello Bancroftian, please continue the good work on wikipedia. I am sure one day you shall become what you aspire to be: all the best. Happy editing. --Bhadani 08:04, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Your RfA
Sorry, but your requests for adminship was rejected. If you don't mind me giving you a tip: Try to stick around for a few more months, and get some more edits. You're doing some good stuff, but most people on Wikipedia want the administrators/sysops to be exeperienced users. See you later! — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 23:27, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Hope to see you around. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 01:12, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

BioCOTW Project
You voted for  Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, this weeks' Biography Collaboration of the weeks. Please come and help them become a featured-standard article.--Falphin 22:41, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

John Steinbeck
Some of my suggestions that could be accomplished during the BioCOTW. --I hope this helps Falphin 22:31, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyediting, this is a given and always needs to be done
 * Make sure the article references all sources
 * It would be nice to reformat it,.
 * We need to create sections on his most famous books.
 * Maybe a section on religious views if possible.

Proposed Deletion of Dig It
I've added the "prod" template to the article Dig It, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:Dig It. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. --Cymsdale 02:56, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Your RfA
Hi Bancroftian,

I have reverted your recent attempt to add your RfA to WP:RFA. You should take another look at the Guide to RfA as your edit went a little wrong. I should also point out that most editors who express an opinion about RfAs are looking for candidates with at least 2500 edits and 3-4 months experience on Wikipedia. Some are looking for considerably more. As you are currently a long way from these marks, you may want to reconsider whether you want to apply. If you have any questions, please feel free to drop me a comment on my talk page, I'm here to help. Good luck, Gwernol 17:49, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry but given the message above I must decline your request that I nominate you for adminship. As I mentioned above you need at least 2500 edits and 3-4 months of experience. You aren't close to those levels yet. Sorry, Gwernol 20:11, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Some users will support admin candidates with as few as 1000 edits, although 2500 seems to be the most common minimum today. You have fewer than 500 edits and only one edit between December and July. I notice you are still working on a self-nom RfA. You write "I think I definatley deserve to have the administrator's powers because, I will be able to do alot more on the site if I have them.". First adminship is not a reward, its a responsibility that you take on. Second you'll need to work on your spelling and grammar if you want people to take you seriously. Third, you can do most of the tasks required to build an encyclopedia without the admin tools. You will need to have solid answers to the standard admin candidate questions.

 * Also, a quick look through your contributions found this which shows a fairly large misunderstanding of blocking policy. I know this was a year ago, but its only a hundred edits or so ago. If this reflects your attitude to the use of admin tools, then I for one don't think you can be trusted with them. Sorry, Gwernol 20:26, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's fine; be aware that you need to be ready to address that in an RfA debate. My point is, I'm not prepared to nominate you at this time, the main reason being your low edit count. Sorry, Gwernol

Sorry, but I doubt I'd support you right now. I would be looking for 2500 edits, with at least 3-4 months of high activity recently (not 6 months ago). I'd also need to be convinced that you understood policy: being active in the recent changes patrol and gaining experience on articles for deletion are good ways to gain the level of policy understanding required of an admin. You might also like to start expressing your opinions on other requests for adminship since that will give you a good feel for the debate that goes on and the standards that people apply. Gwernol 21:02, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

User page vandalism
So what was the point of that? Are you looking to get blocked? Gamaliel 18:52, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AGamaliel&diff=65801637&oldid=65132899

You or someone using your account vandalized my user page. The proof is in the edit history as you can see from the link above. Stop playing dumb. Gamaliel 20:34, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on the contributor; personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks may lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing. Thank you. Gwernol 23:19, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Bancroftian the personal attack you made against Gamaliel is a perfect example of why you are not ready to be an administrator here. Wikipedia has a strict policy prohibiting personal attacks. Gwernol 23:19, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * As an example, look at this diff. You attacked Gamaliel in this edit. You made a derogatory comment about an editor attacking the person not commentng on the action. That's a personal attack and its not acceptable here on Wikipedia. Gwernol 12:13, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * You posted the following message on Gamaliel's talk page: "you suck". You did this twice. This is a clear personal attack and you may not do this on Wikipedia. Gwernol 16:27, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I posted the diff two messages above this one. [[Here] it is again. Click on that link or look in your own "User contributions". Gwernol 17:43, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Nineteen Magazine
A tag has been placed on Nineteen Magazine, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable, that is, why an article about that subject should be included in Wikipedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert notability may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page (below the existing db tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Phatom87 20:42, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bancroftian


text:
Jordan Danger

Jordan Danger (born Jordan Danielle Hinson, June 4, 1991) is an American actress, writer and director. She is best known for her role as Zoe Carter on the science fiction series Eureka.

Early life
Hinson was born in El Paso, Texas. She began acting in plays at the age of six. After moving to Los Angeles, California at age 11, Hinson appeared in numerous television commercials.

Personal life
Jordan is married to David Martin and they share one son together.

Career
Hinson made her television movie debut in 2005, starring as an aspiring professional figure skater Katelin Kingsford in the Disney Channel Original Movie Go Figure. She had to learn to ice skate for the film and was trained by Olympic choreographer and two-time Emmy winner Sarah Kawahara. She also starred in a direct-to-video film Glass House: The Good Mother opposite Angie Harmon.

title: Jordan Danger


text:
User talk:JamesMadison

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!-SV|t 16:25, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

CDAAA
Hullo, I am about (in the next week) to upload an article about Beatrice Warde, the writer and educator about typography, who was a promenent member of the London Outpost of the CDAAA. You might care to tweak your article and add a link. Kind regards. Apwoolrich 18:12, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Your edits to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history/United States military history task force
It stopped being amusing quite some time ago. Please stop with the random profanity. Kirill Lokshin 07:55, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

 * You may want to review the three-revert rule before continuing, incidentally. Kirill Lokshin 08:10, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

West Coast baseball team naming confusion nominated for deletion
I've nominated this article for deletion. If you wish to comment on the nomination, you may do so at Articles for deletion/West Coast baseball team naming confusion. BRMo 00:06, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Ramones itsalive.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ramones itsalive.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 05:31, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Cadillac Cyclone
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Cadillac Cyclone, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.dieselstation.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t6575.html. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. See our copyright policy for further details.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 22:40, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Cadillac Cyclone
A tag has been placed on Cadillac Cyclone requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. RadioFan (talk) 22:41, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:03, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

"Philip Dunne (Disambiguation)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Philip Dunne (Disambiguation) and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 August 24 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 16:26, 24 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:JamesMadison


text:
St Saviour, Jersey

St Saviour (Jèrriais: St Saûveur; Saint-Sauveur) is a parish of Jersey in the Channel Islands. It is located directly east of St Helier. It has a population of 13,580. It has a land surface area of 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) and has a very small coastline at Le Dicq.

The parish is quite urbanised, hosting the suburbs and exurbs for the town of St Helier. The most notable settlement is located around the Five Oaks area in the centre of the parish and Georgetown in the South. The village of Maufant is located on the boundary with St Martin.

History
The parish's name derives from Jesus Christ as the Redeemer (Sanctus Salvator). The parish church's full dedication is to St Saviour of the Thorn.

The parish crest displays a thorn with three nails, to represent the Saviour's suffering. Government House is the official residence of the Lieutenant-Governor, the Queen's representative in Jersey. It was originally known as Belmont and was acquired in 1821. It was originally constructed in 1814.

The church and parish hall are located half way along the road known as St Saviour's Hill. In the 19th Century the road was opened on its current route. Before then, the road ran through the current grounds of Government House. There was formerly an inn in what is now part of the cemetery of the church.

Governance
The parish is a first-level administrative division of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency. The highest official in the parish is the Connétable of St Saviour. The incumbent office holder is Sadie Le Sueur-Rennard, who has held the office since 2011. The parish administration is headquartered at the Parish Hall, next to the parish church.

At present, the parish forms three electoral districts for States Assembly elections and elects five Deputies, as well as eight Senators in an islandwide constituency. The current Deputies for St Saviour are listed below. Under the proposed electoral reform, St Saviour will form a single constituency, electing five representatives alongside its Connétable.

Geography
St Saviour is in the east of the island of Jersey. It borders Trinity, St Martin, Grouville, St Clement and St Helier. The south of the parish is a highly urbanised part of town, focused around Georgetown and Five Oaks. The area in the south is known as Georgetown, Plat Douet and Longueville. It is near Howard Davis Park and has a short piece of coastline, the only one in the parish. It is also home to the Rue des Près Trading Estate. The Five Oaks area is home to many schools and suburban housing for St Helier. The remainder of the parish is largely rural, save for a few small developments such as Maufant Village (split between St Saviour and St Martin) and the houses near Queen's Valley Reservoir. The Grands Vaux reservoir runs along the border of St Saviour and St Helier.

In terms of transport, the parish has many main roads that run through the parish to connect to other parishes, such as La Grande Route de St Martin and Longueville Road. Part of the St Helier Ring Road is located within St Saviour. The parish does not have any green lanes. The parish's Connétable Sadie Le Sueur-Rennard said 'I can't see where we would have a green lane', although the parish has a large number of lanes (including lanes that border green lanes in St Martin).

St Saviour is twinned with Villedieu-les-Poêles, Normandy.

Demography
St Saviour is Jersey's second most populated parish, with 13,580 residents in 2011.

Religious sites
The parish church is Saint-Sauveur de l'Epine (St Saviour of the Thorn) and is dedicated to Jesus Christ. The parish church existed at least as early as 1087, however each was originally four separate chapels, dedicated to Jesus, St John, St Martin and Mary, mother of Jesus. Before 1145, connecting walls were built to create the parish church. The central tower was built in the 14th century. The parish Rector is uniquely known as 'Rector and Vicar' or 'Perpetual Curate'. The church has four bells, the oldest dating to 1656, the other three dating to 1968. Within its precincts, when plague was raging in 1563, the Royal Court of Jersey found a refuge, by permission granted of Hugh Perrin, on whose fief the building stood. Extensive repairs took place on the church in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the best known of the Jersey churches outside the island because of the link to Lillie Langtry, whose father was the church Rector. She is buried in the churchyard, which is the largest of any of the island's parish churches, owing to the generosity of the Connétable in 1844.

Elsewhere in the parish is the Anglican church of St Luke's near Howard Davis Park. It is one of only three in the island to celebrate in the tradition of the Anglican High Church. Due to population growth after the Napoleonic Wars, a new ecclesiastical district was created for Havre des Pas, with the new church completed in 1851. In the park next to the church, there is a War Cemetery dedicated to the servicemen who lost their lives off Guernsey in HMS Charybidis and HMS Limborune.

Landmarks

 * Government House
 * Grainville Cricket Ground
 * St Saviour's Church
 * Howard Davis Park
 * Rue des Près Trading Estate
 * Highalnds College Turner Building
 * College House (Jersey College for Girls)
 * Longueville Manor

Education
The parish is home to a very large number of schools. Many of the schools have an island-wide student body, and therefore during school pick-up and drop-off times the roads in the parish can become very congested.
 * Private schools:
 * De La Salle College
 * De La Sallle Primary School
 * FCJ Primary School
 * St Michael's Preparatory School
 * States schools (fee-paying):
 * Jersey College for Girls
 * Jersey College Preparatory School
 * States schools (all-island)
 * Highlands College - the island's further education college
 * Hautlieu School - a grammar school (Year 10–11) and Sixth Form
 * D'Hautree School
 * States schools (catchment)
 * Grainville School
 * Plat Douet School
 * St Luke's School
 * St Saviour's School

Notable people

 * Jack Butel (born 1996), British racing driver
 * Lillie Langtry (1853–1929), British-American socialite, actress and producer from St Saviour
 * Agnes Harben (1879–1961), British suffragist
 * The Misses Corbett, Grace (c. 1765/1770–1843) and Walterina (died 1837), Scottish poets and authors

title: St Saviour, Jersey


text:
GWR 5600 Class

The GWR 5600 Class is a class of 0-6-2T steam locomotive built between 1924 and 1928. They were designed by Charles Collett for the Great Western Railway (GWR), and were introduced into traffic in 1924. After the 1923 grouping, Swindon inherited a large and variable collection of locomotives from historic Welsh railway companies, which did not fit into their standardisation programme. GWR boiler inspectors arrived en masse and either condemned the original locomotives or had them rebuilt. The systematic destruction of many examples of locomotives, most still in serviceable condition, followed, but various were worked alongside 5600 Class.

Two hundred GWR 5600 Class replacement locomotives were built and remained in service until withdrawn by British Railways between 1962 and 1965. Nine of the class have survived into preservation.

Background: Welsh 0-6-2T types
The railways of South Wales seem to have had a particular liking for the 0-6-2T type. This was because the nature of the work they undertook demanded high adhesive weight, plenty of power with good braking ability, but no need for outright speed, nor large tanks or bunker as the distances from pit to port were short. The 0-6-2 configuration was discovered to confidently handle the sharp curves so prevalent in the area. These Welsh locomotives were taken over by the GWR at the Grouping in 1922, as follows: Some were rebuilt with GWR taper boilers. In 1946, all of the surviving B&M locomotives and several TVR locomotives were allotted new numbers, which were applied between 1946 and 1950 (although some were withdrawn before the new number could be applied). A number of them passed into British Railways (BR) ownership in 1948, including (with some gaps in numbering): Of the Taff Vale Railway, many engines continued to operate up to the 1950s, but today only two locomotives survived, TVR 'O1' No.28, the last-surviving Welsh-built engine, and TVR 'O2' No.85.
 * Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway, BR number 190
 * Barry Railway, BR numbers 198–277
 * Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway, BR numbers 422-436
 * Cardiff Railway, BR number 155
 * Port Talbot Railway and Docks, BR number 184
 * Rhymney Railway, BR numbers 30-83
 * Taff Vale Railway, BR numbers 200–411

For further information on these pre-grouping locomotives see Locomotives of the Great Western Railway.

Origins
When the GWR took over the Welsh valley lines, they discovered that the Welsh locomotive crews liked their 0-6-2T locomotives. Rather than a new design the 5600 Class was a "Swindonised" version of the Rhymney Railway M class and R class locomotives. The 1904 M class (and the similar 1909 R class) were successful designs ideally suited to hauling heavy coal trains a relatively short distance.

The 5600 Class was specially designed for work in South Wales, replacing the elderly, worn-out locomotives that had been 'inherited' in 1923, when the smaller railway companies were forcibly merged into the GWR at The Grouping. Contrary to this trend, the Rhymney Railway's more modern 0-6-2s were in generally good order and had proved successful. Thus they became the blueprint for the 56xx.

The first of five R class locos was re-boilered by the GWR in 1926 and a single M class was upgraded in 1930. In this form, both were visually almost indistinguishable from the 5600 Class.

Design
The design of the 5600 Class followed Great Western Railway practice as far as possible, by utilising many standardised parts. Included in Churchward's innovations was a Standard Number 2 boiler which was suitable for the 5600 Class, and the M and R class Rhymney locomotives, complete with the traditional brass GWR safety valve casing and copper-capped chimney.

They were substantial sized tank engines, 37 feet 6 inches in length and weighing 62 tons. The side tanks were capable of holding 1900 gallons of water. The high domed cab, bunker and tanks were closely related to the 31xx and 42xx classes. One hundred of the class were built at the GWR workshops in Swindon from 1924 to 1927.

While they were powerful machines, the 5600s were very unpopular with footplate crews at the time. They were beset by numerous failures, the most common of which was hot axle boxes. They lacked the wider tolerances in their boxes that the original Welsh company locomotives had. They also had the tendency to derail, so those driving them preferred them in reverse, where the pony truck was able to guide them around tight curves. When the first batch were hastily recalled back to Swindon, Collett faced criticism from the Director of Caerphilly Works in building such a locomotive unsuited to the lines they were meant to work on.

In 1927 another 100 similar engines were constructed – these were slightly heavier and numbered in the 66xx series. Nos 6600–6649 were Swindon-built in 1927–1928, but due to the pressure of work 6650–6699 were built by Armstrong Whitworth in 1928. This resulted in some minor design differences from the Swindon locomotives, most visible were additional balance weights fitted inside the driving wheels webs opposite the crank pin to remedy the faults. When the Welsh railwaymen discovered that the new GWR 5700 Class 0-6-0 pannier tank (introduced 1929) was even more suitable for the same work – being shorter and lighter, with roughly the same (slightly lower) tractive effort – no further Class 56xx/66xx locos were built.

The 5600 Class had the distinction of being the only locomotive of 0-6-2 wheel arrangement built new by the GWR. Nevertheless, there were just over 400 locos with that wheel arrangement in service from 1940 to 1945, demonstrating the large number acquired in 1923.

Dimensions

 * Locomotive weight:
 * All locos, 68 tons 12 cwt
 * 5600 Class, 68 tons 12 cwt
 * 6600 Class, 69 tons 7 cwt
 * 5600 Class, 62 tons 18 cwt
 * 6600 Class, 15 cwt more than 5600

Service
A fall in the South Wales coal trade in the 1930s saw many of the class re-allocated to other parts of the system. Due to the stability of the design, many drivers would typically operate the 56xx class down the Welsh valleys in reverse (bunker first). The placement of the trailing wheels helped the engine enter the curves better than if operated in the other direction. Typically, during operation, when pulling a heavy load the tanks were operated bunker first, and then smokebox first on the return trips up the valleys.

All the 56xx/66xx locomotives passed into British Railways ownership at nationalisation in 1948, and all remained in service until 1962, at which time they were withdrawn from service quite rapidly, with the onset of diesel traction on BR gaining momentum. All had been retired by 1965.

Withdrawal
Withdrawn from 1962 to 1966, with nos. 5605 and 6697 being the last to go.

Preservation
Several ended up in Woodham Brothers' scrapyard in Barry, South Wales, with eight of the nine preserved engines saved from Barry. The majority of the class in preservation were built at Swindon Works, three of them: 6686, 6695 & 6697 being built by Armstrong Whitworth.

As the locomotives were operated mainly in South Wales, some railfans know the Class by the nickname "Taffy Tank"; 'Taffy' being a derogatory term for someone of Welsh descent. However, the 56xx class never had this title officially, whereas the more typical examples of the Rhymney Railway's M and R classes they replaced, were arguably the original 'Taffy Tanks' of fame.

As of 2023, six members of the class have run in preservation, with three engines currently in operation, 5668 undergoing restoration from scrapyard condition at the Kent and East Sussex Railway, 6634 and 6686 both awaiting restoration from scrapyard condition at Peak Rail and the Barry Tourist Railway respectively, and 6697 on static display at Didcot Railway Centre. The following table lists the preserved locomotives:

title: GWR 5600 Class


text:
Urdaneta

Urdaneta is a name of Basque origin; it may refer to:

People

 * Abelardo Rodríguez Urdaneta (1870–1933), Dominican sculptor
 * Andrés de Urdaneta (1498–1568), Basque Spanish explorer
 * Ángel Alfonso Bravo Urdaneta (born 1942), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Betty Urdaneta, Venezuelan First Lady, 1979–1984
 * Gabriel Urdaneta (born 1976), Venezuelan football player
 * Isabel Sánchez de Urdaneta, Venezuelan stateswoman and feminist
 * Lino Urdaneta (born 1979), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Luciano Urdaneta Vargas, Venezuelan architect who designed the Palacio Federal Legislativo
 * Orlando Urdaneta (born 1950), Venezuelan actor
 * Óscar Sambrano Urdaneta (1929–2011), Venezuelan writer and literary critic
 * Rafael Urdaneta (1788–1845), Venezuelan general
 * Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez (1890–1972), Colombian president, 1951–1953
 * Vivian Urdaneta (born 1979), Venezuelan journalist and beauty queen
 * Yolmer Urdaneta, Venezuelan Paralympic discus thrower

Ecuador

 * Urdaneta Canton, a canton in the province of Los Ríos
 * Urdaneta, an urban parish in Guayaquil Canton, Guayas Province

Mexico

 * Urdaneta, a station on Line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system

Philippines

 * Urdaneta, Pangasinan, a city in the province of Pangasinan
 * Barangay Urdaneta, a section of Makati Central Business District in Metro Manila

Spain

 * Barrio de Urdaneta, town in the Municipality of Aia, province of Gipuzkoa

Venezuela

 * Urdaneta Municipality, Aragua, a municipality in Aragua State
 * Urdaneta Municipality, Lara, a municipality in Lara State
 * Urdaneta Municipality, Miranda, a municipality in Miranda State
 * Urdaneta Municipality, Trujillo, a municipality in Trujillo State
 * La Cañada de Urdaneta, a municipality in Zulia

Other

 * USS Urdaneta, a US Navy gunboat

title: Urdaneta


text:
Category:0-6-2 locomotives

Locomotives classified 0-6-2 under the Whyte notation of locomotive axle arrangements.
 * The equivalent UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements is C1 or C1'.

title: Category:0-6-2 locomotives


text:
One (U2 song)

"One" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the third track from their seventh album, Achtung Baby (1991), and it was released as the record's third single on 24 February 1992. During the album's recording sessions at Hansa Studios in Berlin, conflict arose between the band members over the direction of U2's sound and the quality of their material. Tensions almost prompted the band to break up until they achieved a breakthrough with the improvisation of "One"; the song was written after the band members were inspired by a chord progression that guitarist the Edge was playing in the studio. The lyrics, written by lead singer Bono, were inspired by the band members' fractured relationships and the German reunification. Although the lyrics ostensibly describe "disunity", they have been interpreted in other ways.

"One" was released as a benefit single, with proceeds going towards AIDS research. The song topped the Irish Singles Charts, the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart and the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts. It also peaked at number three in New Zealand, number four in Australia, number seven on the UK Singles Chart and number ten on the Billboard Hot 100. In promotion of the song, the band filmed several music videos, although they were not pleased until a third was created.

The song was acclaimed by critics upon its release, and it has since been featured in polls of the greatest songs of all time. U2 has performed "One" at most of their tour concerts since the song's live debut in 1992, and it has appeared in many of the band's concert films. In a live setting, "One" is often used by the group to promote human rights or social justice causes, and the song lends its namesake to Bono's charitable organisation, the ONE Campaign. U2 re-recorded the song as part of a duet with R&B recording artist Mary J. Blige on her 2005 album The Breakthrough, and again for the band's 2023 album Songs of Surrender (2023).

Writing and recording
In October 1990, U2 arrived in Berlin on the eve of German reunification to begin the recording sessions for Achtung Baby at Hansa Studios. Expecting to be inspired by a "New Europe" and the reuniting city, the band instead found the mood to be bleak and soon conflict arose over their musical direction and the quality of their material. While bassist Adam Clayton and drummer Larry Mullen Jr. preferred a sound similar to U2's previous work, vocalist Bono and guitarist the Edge were inspired by European industrial and electronic dance music of the time and were advocating a change. The band also had difficulty developing demos and musical ideas into completed songs. Bono and the Edge believed the lack of progress was the fault of the band, while Clayton and Mullen believed the problem was the quality of the songs. Mullen said he "thought this might be the end" of the band.

Ultimately, a breakthrough in the sessions was achieved. While jamming on a song called "Sick Puppy"—an early version of "Mysterious Ways"—the band tried different chord progressions for the bridge. The jam stopped and the Edge tried playing them alone on an acoustic guitar, as "everyone was trying to decide if they were any good." At the suggestion of producer Daniel Lanois, the Edge played two separate sections sequentially. The band liked the way it flowed and decided to play it together. Speaking of the improvisation, the Edge said, "suddenly something very powerful [was] happening in the room." He added, "Everyone recognized it was a special piece. It was like we'd caught a glimpse of what the song could be." Soon afterwards, the band had developed the piece of music into "One". Bono recalls that "the melody, the structure—the whole thing was done in 15 minutes". He also stated that the lyrics "just fell out of the sky, a gift"; the concept was inspired by the band members' fracturing relationships, the German reunification, and Bono's scepticism of the hippie idea of "oneness". Bono later sent a note to the Dalai Lama declining an invitation to a festival called Oneness, incorporating a line from the song: "One—but not the same". The song's writing inspired the band and changed their outlook on the recording sessions. Mullen said the song reaffirmed the band's "blank page approach" to recording and reassured the band that all was not lost.

Following the song's initial improvisation, tapes of the recording sessions were delivered to assisting producer Brian Eno to gather his input; Eno spent extended periods of time away from the sessions before visiting to review songs, and he believed that distancing himself from the work allowed him to provide the band with a fresh perspective on their material each time he rejoined them. The band were rather anxious about the quality of their material, but when Eno arrived in Berlin, they were surprised to hear that he liked most of the tapes. However, as Bono recalls, Eno said, "There's just one song I really despise, and that's 'One'." Eno felt that they needed to deconstruct the song.

The band returned to Dublin in 1991 to record at the "Elsinore" mansion on the Dalkey coastline. The band continued to work on the song there, adding various overdubs, but not finding a mix they were satisfied with. The Edge thought that they had the foundation for the song, but that it needed "foreground". Eno interceded, explaining to the group that "One" was among the sessions' tracks in which "The song has gone, whatever it is you liked about this song is not there anymore", and that the track had "disappeared under layers of overdubs". He created his own mix, which gave the band a better idea of an arrangement they liked. Eno wanted the band to remove the melancholy elements of the song and persuaded them to remove the acoustic guitar from the song. He also worked with Lanois and the Edge to "undermine the 'too beautiful' feeling", which is why they added the "crying guitar parts that have an aggression to them". While working with Lanois in the studio on a vocal overdub, Bono suggested Lanois "play a little guitar part to try and juice [him] up". Lanois subsequently took Bono's green Gretsch guitar and played a hammer-on part that was included in the final version of the song.

Flood, the sessions' engineer, was unconvinced by the song's mix, saying he "was the nagging doubter. I always felt it was a bit straight, until we did the final mix." The final mix was completed at Windmill Lane Studios in September 1991 on the last night of the album's recording sessions, when some last minute additions were made. Bono did not like a line in the vocals and spent most of the day re-recording it. Later, after the song's mix had just been completed by the production team, the Edge came up with a guitar part he wanted to add to the song's end near the lyric "Love is a temple". After convincing the production team to allow the addition, the Edge played the part once and had it mixed in ten minutes later.

Composition
"One" is a rock ballad played in a 4/4 time signature at a tempo of 91 beats per minute. The verse follows a chord progression of Am–D5–Fmaj7–G while the chorus follows C–Am–Fmaj7–C.

Bono described the song's theme as such: "It is a song about coming together, but it's not the old hippie idea of 'Let's all live together.' It is, in fact, the opposite. It's saying, We are one, but we're not the same. It's not saying we even want to get along, but that we have to get along together in this world if it is to survive. It's a reminder that we have no choice". The Edge described it on one level as a "bitter, twisted, vitriolic conversation between two people who've been through some nasty, heavy stuff". On another level, he suggested that the line "we get to carry each other" introduces "grace" to the song and that the wording "get to" (instead of "got to") is essential, as it suggests that it is a privilege to help one another, not an obligation. The band have been told by many fans that they played the song at their weddings, prompting Bono to respond, "Are you mad? It's about splitting up!" There was some speculation that the song described a conversation between a father and his HIV-positive gay son, based on the connection of the song to David Wojnarowicz, a gay artist who died of AIDS. In 2005, Bono said "It's a father-and-son story. I tried to write about someone I knew who was coming out and was afraid to tell his father. It's a religious father and son."

Release
"One" was released as the album's third single on 24 February 1992 as a benefit single, with all of the band's royalties being donated to different AIDS research organisations for each country in which the single was released. The group's manager Paul McGuinness commented on their decision: "The band feels that [AIDS] is the most pressing issue of the day, and we really have to focus people's attention to the AIDS plague that has been with us for 10 years." To promote safe sex, U2 sold condoms bearing the album title Achtung Baby at their Zoo TV Tour concerts. The cover of the single release is a photograph by David Wojnarowicz. The photograph depicts buffaloes falling off a cliff after being chased by Native American hunters. The single's liner notes explain that Wojnarowicz "identifies himself and ourselves with the buffalo, pushed into the unknown by forces we cannot control or even understand".

The single reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart, number ten in the US Billboard Hot 100, and number one on the US Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts.

Music videos
Three music videos were created for "One". The first, directed by Anton Corbijn, was filmed in Berlin and features the band members performing at Hansa Studios interspersed with footage of Trabants (an East German automobile they became fond of as a symbol for a changing Europe) and shots of them dressed in drag. Bono explained that the idea to crossdress "had been based on the idea that if U2 can't do this, we've got to do it!", and it was fostered by the group's experiences dressing in drag for the Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. However, the band pulled the video, fearing the single's status as an AIDS benefit would result in critics finding AIDS-related interpretations of the video. The Edge explained, "We didn't want to be involved in putting back the AIDS issue into the realm of sexuality... It wasn't worth the risk of people imagining we were saying something about the AIDS issue through the drag footage, which was totally not what we were trying to say."

The second video was directed by Mark Pellington. It comprises images of blooming flowers, the title word in several languages, and slow-motion footage of buffaloes running, leading up to Wojnarowicz's "Falling Buffalo" photograph. Much like for the first video, the band did not believe Pellington's video would be good for promoting the single.

The group filmed a third video in an attempt to appeal to a broader audience. It was directed by Rattle and Hum director Phil Joanou and was primarily filmed in early March 1992 at Nell's, a Manhattan nightclub. The video depicts Bono sitting at a table smoking a cheroot and drinking beer, interspersed with footage of the band performing in concert. While Bono was filmed, the rest of the band, along with models and transgender women, attended a party in the basement, awaiting their turns to be filmed. However, they were never called to the set and by 3 a.m., they realised that the video was to focus on Bono.

Reception
After the release of Achtung Baby, critics praised "One". In its review of the album, Entertainment Weekly called the song "biting and unprecedentedly emotional" and opined that its "extravagant stylings and wild emotings [...] put it among Bono's most dramatic moments on record". Dave Jennings from Melody Maker viewed it as a "solemn ballad", "redeemed by some intriguing lyrical imagery." In its review of the album, Rolling Stone called the song a "radiant ballad", noting that "Few bands can marshal such sublime power, but it's just one of the many moments on Achtung Baby when we're reminded why, before these guys were the butt of cynical jokes, they were rock & roll heroes—as they still are." Niall Stokes of Hot Press gave an enthusiastic review of the song, calling it one of the album's tracks "whose potency defies equivocations". Stokes said the song, both upon initial and repeated listens, "seems transcendent, a magnificent synthesis of elements, words and music, rhythm, instrumentation arrangement and intonation combine to create something that speaks a language beyond logic, the definitive language of emotional truth". He said the melody was reminiscent of Led Zeppelin and the vocals evoked memories of Al Green and the Rolling Stones circa "Sympathy for the Devil". Stokes could not single out what made the song so "utterly inspirational", but said it was "soul music that avoids the obvious cliches of the genre and cuts to the core".

Q called Bono's singing on the song a "quieter moment" that has "never been so persuasively tender". The Chicago Tribune wrote that the song "builds with the stately grandeur of a Roy Orbison ballad" and that Bono's lyric "We're one / But we're not the same" is one of "pithiest insights yet about the contradiction of marriage". The Orlando Sentinel called the track "sorrowful" and compared it to music by the Rolling Stones. Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called the "disillusioned" track one of the album's high points. Denise Sullivan of Allmusic wrote that the song was "among U2's finest recordings", and she praised its "lyrical simplicity, heart-rending vocal delivery, and evocative instrumentation". She called the Edge's guitar playing "unusually warm and soulful". In the 1992 Pazz & Jop critics' poll in The Village Voice, "One" placed at number eight on the "Best Single" list.

In 1992, Axl Rose told RIP magazine: "I think their song 'One' is one of the greatest songs ever written. Now I can see and understand why people were into U2 years ago."

Live performances
"One" made its live debut on 29 February 1992 in Lakeland, Florida on the opening night of the Zoo TV Tour, and it was played at every subsequent show on U2's concert tours until the first show of the Innocence + Experience Tour in Vancouver, where it was not played for the first time in its history. However, the song returned for the following concert, when it was used as the show closer. Zoo TV performances were accompanied by footage from the second music video being displayed on the stage's video screens, with David Wojnarowicz's "Falling Buffalo" photograph appearing at the end of the song.

The song took on an even more emotional meaning at a Popmart Tour show at Mexico City in 1997, as featured on PopMart: Live from Mexico City, where the tearful rendition was dedicated to Michael Hutchence of INXS. Until the second leg of the U2 360° Tour, "One" was played live in the key of A♭ minor, while the recorded version is played a semitone higher. Throughout its history, Bono has often sung the song with an extra verse generally known as "Hear Us Coming", whose lyrics are usually some variation of: You hear us coming Lord? You hear us call? You hear us knocking, knocking at Your door? You hear us coming, Lord? You hear us call? You hear us scratching, will You make me crawl?

It was a nearly-regular feature on the Zoo TV Tour, PopMart, and Elevation Tours, but was sung less often on the Vertigo Tour. The verse made a re-emergence on the 2009 legs of the U2 360° Tour; although it was not a nightly feature, Bono sang it very often, segueing into "Amazing Grace" and from there into "Where the Streets Have No Name" on most of the second leg. "One" has also been played at several benefit concerts, including the 1995 Pavarotti and Friends concert in Modena, the 1997 Tibetan Freedom Concert in New York, the 2003 46664 concert, at Live 8 in 2005, and with Mary J. Blige on Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast.

Live performances of the song are also depicted in the concert films Zoo TV: Live from Sydney, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle, Vertigo 2005: Live from Chicago, U2 3D, and U2 360° at the Rose Bowl.

Legacy
"One" has frequently appeared on lists of the greatest songs. In 2004, Rolling Stone placed the song at number 36 on its list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time", making it the highest-ranked U2 song; it remained in that position on the magazine's 2010 version of the list, but was re-ranked to 62nd on the 2021 version. In 2003, a special edition issue of Q, titled "1001 Best Songs Ever", named "One" the greatest song of all-time. VH1 ranked the song second on its list of "Greatest Songs of the 90s", and voters in an April 2006 poll on VH1 named the song as having the UK's number-one lyric: "One life, with each other, sisters, brothers". In 2005, Blender ranked the song at number four on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born". The following year, readers of Q voted "One" the fifth-greatest song in history. The song subsequently appeared as one of seven U2 songs in the 2006 music reference book 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories, and Secrets. It is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

On 31 December 2006, "One" was announced by BBC Radio 1 to be the thirty-fifth highest-selling single of 2006 in the UK. The collaboration was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals in December 2006.

In late 2006, a Bank of America employee sang "One" with lyrics modified to refer to the Bank of America and MBNA merger. The video subsequently became an Internet phenomenon. Universal Music Group, the copyright owner of the song, posted a cease and desist letter directed at Bank of America in the comments section of Stereogum, one of the blogs that posted the video.

In 2023, an alternate version of the song was released as the second single from the forthcoming album Songs of Surrender.

Track listings
The single was released on various formats including 7-inch, 12-inch, cassette, and CD. All releases featured a new song "Lady with the Spinning Head (UV1)" as a B-side track. This version was later included in the 20th anniversary release of Achtung Baby, whereas an extended 'dance' remix was included on the double album version of The Best of 1990–2000. Some releases also included "Satellite of Love" or both "Satellite of Love" and the "Night and Day" remix.

Credits and personnel
U2 Additional performers
 * Bono – vocals
 * The Edge – guitar
 * Adam Clayton – bass guitar
 * Larry Mullen Jr. – drums, percussion
 * Brian Eno – additional keyboards
 * Daniel Lanois – additional guitar

Technical
 * Production – Daniel Lanois with Brian Eno
 * Engineering – Flood
 * Additional engineering – Robbie Adams
 * Engineering assistance – Shannon Strong
 * Mixing – Flood
 * Mixing assistance – Shannon Strong

Mica Paris version
British soul singer Mica Paris released a cover of "One" in 1995. Released on 27 March 1995, her version debuted and peaked at number 29 on the UK Singles Chart on the week ending 8 April 1995. It spent a total of four weeks on the chart.

Critical reception
Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote, "Thanks to Mica's urbane dance touch, people everywhere–from London to Rome, Tokyo, New York and back to Paris–will dance to a U2 song in other surroundings than Zooroparenas." Piccadilly radio/Manchester music coordinator Christian Smith said it's a "brilliant track", adding, "Since it starts of really slow, I wouldn't be surprised if a lot of radio programmers have a hard time getting into it. But the fact that it's such a well-known track will certainly help."

Track listing
CD single

Vinyl

Credits and personnel
Performers Managerial Technical and Production Visuals and Imagery
 * Mica Paris – vocals
 * Executive producer – Ken Grunbaum
 * Production – Mike Peden (track 2), Paul Oakenfold and Steve Osbourne (tracks 1,3 and 5) , Ethic Boyz (track 4)
 * Engineering – Paul 'Max' Bloom
 * Programming – Ollie Dagois
 * Photography – Daniela Federici
 * Image and style – Jamie Rose

Mary J. Blige and U2 version
American singer Mary J. Blige covered "One" for her seventh studio album, The Breakthrough, with U2 and released it as the second international single from the album. After being invited to join the group on stage at their New York gig in 2005, Blige performed the track with U2 and received a standing ovation. The song was then recorded featuring Blige on lead vocals, with Bono supplying additional vocals and the band performing the music. It was released on 3 April 2006, having already been featured heavily on BBC Radio 1's playlist, and has been a staple record on Capital FM's playlist since late January.

Chart performance
The song was a major commercial success in Europe, reaching number two in Ireland, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and topping the Norwegian Singles Chart for six weeks. The cover also reached number one in Austria for a week and reached the top 10 in several other European countries.

Live performances
In May 2006, Blige performed the song at the finale of American Idol with finalist Elliott Yamin, ahead of its full release to American radio. It was also used by ABC for its end-of-season montage after the 2006 FIFA World Cup final and Fox for its end-of-season montage after game five of the 2006 World Series.

Track listing
CD single

Credits

 * Written by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr
 * Produced by Ron Fair
 * Co-producered by Tal Herzberg
 * Lead vocals performed by Mary J Blige
 * Additional vocals and rhythm guitar performed by Bono
 * Lead guitar performed by The Edge
 * Bass performed by Adam Clayton
 * Drums and percussion performed by Larry Mullen Jr
 * Strings arranged and conducted by Ron Fair
 * Piano and organ performed by Ron Fair
 * Additional electric and acoustic guitar performed by John Goux
 * Mixed by Jack Joseph
 * Executive producer: Mary J. Blige

Other covers
"One" has been covered by numerous other artists, including Damien Rice, Johnny Logan, Johnny Cash, Adam Lambert, Howie Day, Joe Cocker, Warren Haynes, R.E.M., Gregorian, Pearl Jam, Kendall Payne, Shinedown, Vanessa Paradis & Alain Lanty, Cowboy Junkies, Quebec pop singer Marie Carmen and the cast of the television series Glee.

Members of R.E.M. and U2 played an acoustic version of the song during a 1993 MTV concert for then newly inaugurated U.S. president Bill Clinton. They performed under the name "Automatic Baby", a reference to each of their parent bands' recent albums Automatic for the People and Achtung Baby. In 1997 this version of "One" reached number one in Iceland and ended the year as the country's 12th-most-successful single.

Damien Rice reworked the song for the 2011 tribute album AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered. "I remember seeing the queues on Dublin's Grafton Street: people waiting, sleeping, for the first copies of the new U2 record, as if some famine had hit the soul of the music world," he remarked. "Two decades later, I busked for the homeless with Bono on the same street. We played 'One' and Bono appeared to forget the words, but I didn't – they were as clear to me as the Our Father. Seventeen (Rice's age when Achtung Baby was issued) is such a powerful age, and 'One' is such a powerful song."

Chris Cornell performed in his concerts a version of "One" with the lyrics of the Metallica song also called "One", which he explained as the result of searching for U2's lyrics after getting the guitar tabs and ending up with Metallica.

title: One (U2 song)