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CLARK the band

CLARK the band was a Canadian indie rock band operating out of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

History
The band was formed in Ottawa in 1999 by John Tielli who sang, played guitar and composed. Initially named simply "Clark", the group began using the name "CLARK the band" to differentiate themselves from other similarly named bands.

The group's roster changed throughout its existence; Tielli was the only consistent member. Primary members also included Matt Gagnon on bass and vocals, Mike Dubue on keyboards and vocals, Philip Shaw Bova on drums, Andrew McCormack on drums, Jeremy Gara on drums, Tim Kingsbury on bass and vocals, Vish Khanna on drums, Robin Buckley on drums, Dan Neill on drums, vocals and keyboards, Ryan Myshrall on bass, Jordy Walker on drums and Corwin Fox on bass and vocals.

In 2000, the band released a three-song EP titled Clark.

In 2001, the group release its full-length debut, Terra Incognito: By Land, Sea and Air. It received positive reviews from the Ottawa Citizen, Eye Weekly, and CBC Radio's Bandwidth. Reviewer Kevin Jagernauth called Clark's combination of rock with eighties keyboard pop refreshing.

The album The Woods, released in 2005, combined Tielli's distinctive vocal style with pop and rock metal instrumentation.

The group disbanded in 2007. Tielli has since moved to Toronto and formed the group Metal Kites.

title: CLARK the band


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slyder

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP (as a redirect). Note that redirect deletion requests belong on WP:RFD really rather than here. However, given the withdrawn nomination and unanimous voting, I see no need to generate bureaucracy by taking it there. WP:NOT. -Splash 03:48, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Slyder
The only thing that links to this page is Grand Theft Auto III soundtrack, and I don't know why it redirects to White Castle. As this article holds no signifigance (the group does not exist, and it would otherwise be an orphaned article, I sugguest it be deleted. mysekurity 05:04, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Change to Keep Thatdog convinced me. A Slyder is an item on the White Castle restaurant menu. Not as tasty as a farm fresh hamster either. Hamster Sandwich 06:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. "Slyder" burgers are White Castle's primary offering, a fact mentioned several times in White Castle (restaurant). This redirect seems valid. - Thatdog 08:06, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment BTW, it is often considered bad form to link to a redirect, so the fact that a redirect is an orphan should not be held against it. :) - Thatdog 08:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep If there is no slyder article, then there must be a redirect. --Mac Davis 17:48, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Change to keep. Fair enough, its a shame we can't see how many times this page has been accessed. Thatdog is right about linking to a redirect, but I would be interested to see how many pages pipe the text "slyder" to the restaraunt. Perhaps something could be written about the Slyders themselves in a header? Or maybe not. Thanks for voting anyway, -mysekurity 18:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * (Of the pages that link to the redirect target, only one contains the word "slyder" and that is unlinked. There are currently no pages linking to this article. So the answer to your question would appear to be "zero".)-Splash 03:48, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slyder


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Coolgardie safe

The Coolgardie safe is a low-tech food storage unit, using evaporative cooling to prolong the life of whatever edibles are kept in it. It applies the basic principle of heat transfer which occurs during evaporation of water (see latent heat and heat of evaporation). It was named after the place where it was invented – the small mining town of Coolgardie, Western Australia, near Kalgoorlie-Boulder.

History
Coolgardie was the site of a gold rush in the early 1890s, before the Kalgoorlie-Boulder gold rush.

For the prospectors who had rushed here to find their fortune, one challenge was to extend the life of their perishable foods – hence the invention of the Coolgardie safe.

The safe was invented in the late 1890s by Arthur Patrick McCormick, who used the same principle as explorers and travellers in the Outback used to cool their canvas water bags: when the canvas bag is wet the fibres expand and it holds water. Some water seeps out and evaporates. It is most effective when air continually moves past it, such as when in a moving vehicle or when exposed to a breeze.

This technology is commonly thought to have been adopted by explorer and scientist Thomas Mitchell, who had observed the way some Indigenous Australians used kangaroo skins to carry water.

Principles of operation
The Coolgardie safe was made of wire mesh, hessian, a wooden frame and had a hot dip galvanised iron tray on top. The galvanised iron tray was filled with water. The hessian bag was hung over the side with one of the ends in the tray to soak up the water.

Gradually the hessian bag, acting as a wick, would draw water from the tray by the process of capillary action. When a breeze came it would pass through the wet bag and evaporate the water. This would cool the air inside the safe, and in turn cool the food stored in the safe. This cooling is due to the water in the hessian needing energy to change state and evaporate. This energy is taken from the interior of the safe (metal mesh), thus making the interior cooler. There is a metal tray below the safe to catch excess water from the hessian.

Some modern tests have shown that the interior of the safe would achieve temperatures 3º-9 °C (dependant on breeze) cooler than the atmospheric temperature during the middle of the day.

It was usually placed on a veranda where there was a breeze. The Coolgardie safe was a common household item in Australia until the mid-twentieth century. Safes could be purchased ready-made or easily constructed at home. Some of the metal panel safes are highly decorated.

title: Coolgardie safe


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San Mateo, Aragua

San Mateo is a city in the state of Aragua in Venezuela. It is the administrative seat of Bolívar Municipality. It was founded on 30 November 1620.

San Mateo has a former cane sugar mill, Ingenio Bolívar, now a museum.

title: San Mateo, Aragua


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User talk:Kateb

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 05:07, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:Kateb


text:
User talk:Jawajuicer

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 05:07, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
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Manticore
Hi, why are you vandalizing Manticore? You're just making more work for us. You went to the trouble to register an account, so why not contribute usefully? Antandrus (talk) 05:19, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

If you continue to vandalise, you will be blocked from editing. Angela. 06:08, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jawajuicer


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Camatagua

Camatagua is a town in the state of Aragua, Venezuela. It is the shire town of the Camatagua Municipality. It was founded in 1693 (as Purísima Concepción de Camatagua), as a settlement of indigenous people. It was refounded in 1716 by more than 30 families of the Guaiquerí.

title: Camatagua


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1987 in archaeology

The year 1987 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

 * Amnya complex (from 6100 BCE) found and first ecavated in Siberia.
 * Wreck of SS Elbe (1881) (sank 1895) located and excavated off the coast of the Netherlands.
 * Gaziantep Museum excavations at Zeugma.

Finds

 * June 20 - Arkaim in Southern Ural.
 * Hoards from Milton Keynes and surrounding area of Buckinghamshire, England: coins from Little Brickhill and Walton.
 * Skeleton of a woman dating from over 4,250 years ago found in Achavanich, a megalithic structure in Caithness, Scotland.
 * Dufuna canoe, the oldest known boat outside Europe, found in Nigeria.

Events

 * December 8 - Chaco Culture National Historical Park is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Deaths

 * August 12 - Crystal Bennett, British archaeologist of Jordan (b. 1918)

title: 1987 in archaeology


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Santa Rita, Venezuela

Santa Rita is a city in the state of Aragua, Venezuela. It is the shire town of the Francisco Linares Alcántara Municipality. It is part of the metropolitan area of Maracay.

title: Santa Rita, Venezuela


text:
User talk:Evgrready

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 05:08, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Evgrready


text:
Santa Cruz, Aragua

Santa Cruz de Aragua is a city in the state of Aragua, Venezuela, and part of the metropolitan area of Maracay. It is the shire town of the José Angel Lamas Municipality.

title: Santa Cruz, Aragua


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User talk:Maylett

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 05:10, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Photo sizes
Sorry that my changing your photo sizes in one article was so upsetting to you. It's possible that the policy has changed over time to prefer a larger size--policies sometimes do. But the big argument for not specifying a size in general was that doing so precluded the ability to have and make use of a default setting and be able to adjust it over time if it seemed necessary to do so or to allow users to set preferences for image sizes. I could've just said "see all other dog breed articles"--the breed-info template includes a photo at 250px but almost everything else is left at the default thumb size. It's true that almost all photos look nicer at a much larger size, but in conceding to allowing the default settings to adjust and to users with smaller screen sizes, I think the current default size is fine, especially since user can always click on thumb icon and see the much larger size anyway. Elf | Talk 08:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

KTVX
You have received this message because you have edited a Salt Lake City media article in the past. We have recently had an edit war regarding the wording and inclusion of a paragraph on the KTVX article. In hopes of resolving this I have put together an informal survey. If you are interested, please stop by Talk:KTVX and add a vote. Thanks, A 09:42, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Maylett


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Martin Haskell

William Mudd Martin Haskell (born 1946) is an American physician who, in 1992, described an abortion procedure known clinically as intact dilation and extraction (D&X), and popularly by the controversial, non-medical, non-technical term "partial-birth abortion".

Haskell was not the first physician to perform intact dilation and extraction. However, Haskell's 1992 presentation to the National Abortion Federation Risk Management Seminar in Dallas was the first detailed presentation of the technique.

Haskell's paper was obtained by the anti-abortion movement within weeks, and served as a catalyst for congressional hearings, federal legislation, multiple lawsuits, and more than thirty state bills prohibiting "partial-birth abortion". Newsweek reported that the director of the National Right to Life Committee could "hardly believe his luck" when he received an anonymously delivered copy of Haskell's paper, given its potential as a wedge issue. According to Harper's, the furor was in no small part due to an article in Life Advocate magazine by abortion opponent Jenny Westberg, who independently ordered National Abortion Federation literature containing Haskell's paper, wrote an article and illustrated the procedure with a series of pen-and-ink drawings. The drawings, which were "gruesome but not gory", and "made D&X compelling to look at for the very reason Martin Haskell had wanted to tell his colleagues about it: the fetus was intact", would later be distributed in numerous anti-abortion publications, brochures, and newspaper advertisements.

title: Martin Haskell


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Henry FitzRoy, 5th Duke of Grafton

Henry FitzRoy, 5th Duke of Grafton (10 February 1790 – 26 March 1863), styled Viscount Ipswich until 1811 and Earl of Euston between 1811 and 1844, was a British peer and politician.

Grafton was the son of George FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton and Lady Charlotte Maria Waldegrave, daughter of James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave. The 6th Duke was a politician.

He represented Bury St Edmunds as member of parliament as a Whig between 1818 and 1820 and again between 1826 and 1831, and was member for Thetford between 1834 and 1841.

As a young man he served as a Lieutenant in the 7th Light Dragoons, but retired on 15 August 1812. On 23 September 1823 he was appointed Colonel of the East Suffolk Militia, but on 24 May 1830 he transferred to the vacant colonelcy of the West Suffolk Militia, which his father and grandfather had previously commanded. The duke resigned in 1845 and was succeeded by his son, William, Earl of Euston, on 24 December, the fourth generation of the family to command the regiment, but Euston was replaced within weeks.

Grafton married Mary Caroline Berkeley (18 June 1795 – 10 September 1873, the daughter of Admiral the Hon. Sir George Cranfield Berkeley), on 20 June 1812 in Portugal. They had five children:

 * Lady Mary Elizabeth Emily Fitzroy (1817–1887), married Reverend Hon. Augustus Phipps, the son of The Earl of Mulgrave
 * Maria Louisa Fitzroy (1818–1912), married Edward Douglas-Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn and had issue.
 * William Henry FitzRoy, 6th Duke of Grafton (1819–1882)
 * Augustus Charles Lennox FitzRoy, 7th Duke of Grafton (1821–1918)
 * Frederick John Fitzroy (1823–1919), married Catherine Wescomb and had issue.

Grafton died in 1863, aged seventy-three, at Wakefield Lodge, near Potterspury, Northamptonshire.

title: Henry FitzRoy, 5th Duke of Grafton


text:
Norwell High School

Norwell High School may refer to:
 * Norwell High School (Indiana) - Wells County, Indiana
 * Norwell High School (Massachusetts) - Norwell, Massachusetts

title: Norwell High School


text:
The Female American

The Female American; or, The Adventures of Unca Eliza Winkfield, is a novel, originally published in 1767, under the pseudonym of the main character/narrator, Unca Eliza Winkfield and edited in recent editions by Michelle Burnham. The novel describes the adventures of a half-Native American, half-English woman, who is shipwrecked on an island. The protagonist uses her knowledge of Christianity to convert the indigenous inhabitants on the island as part of her survival mode.

This work belongs to the literary genre of the Robinsonade, in that - like other works of its era - it emulates Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe. Although there are many similarities to Defoe's novel, the differences are what make The Female American distinctive. For instance, the narrator is not only a woman but is also biracial, as the daughter of a Native American princess and an English settler who resided in Virginia. The protagonist is also multilingual. Although Defoe's protagonist (Robinson Crusoe) chooses to leave his home and set out into an unexplored and dangerous life abroad, Winkfield's protagonist's (Unca Eliza Winkfield) trials and adventures are forced upon her. It is only in the latter part of the narrative that the female protagonist finds a living condition on the island that is more favorable than her American or European origins. In addition, the novel engages with the theme of finding one's home away from the native land, which can be identified in a range of fiction of 18th-century England. While Defoe's protagonist remains condescending towards the native people that he encounters and easily deserts his companions for personal salvation, Winkfield's protagonist is compassionate and benevolent towards the indigenous community, embracing its practices. Similarly, the native people that Unca Eliza discovers easily accept Christianity unlike Man Friday in Michael Tournier's modern revision of the Robinson Crusoe narrative, Friday.

Historical references to colonial America and eighteenth-century England, the fantasy of a feminist utopia, and the woman's role in colonialism and religious conversion are just a few of the components of this narrative. One of the criticisms that accompanied its publication in 1767 was that female readers might possibly partake in similar adventures, thus questioning their lives and limitations. The fear was that the virtue of the women of this period would be potentially endangered. In order to assuage such concerns, the introduction emphasizes that the story is not only "pleasing and instructive" but "fit to be perused by the youth of both sexes, as a rational, moral entertainment."

Volume I
The poem opens with a declaration of the author's intention to relate the events of her life, which introduces the first major theme of female adventure outside of the domestic sphere. She describes her grandfather's plantation in Virginia, and the massacre of settlers by the native Indians, which leaves her grandfather dead and her father, Mr. William Winkfield, captured. As her father is about to be put to death by the Indians, a young Indian princess, named Unca, saves his life and secures his liberty by taking a liking to him and putting him in favor with the king. Unfortunately, his troubles mount when the sister of the young princess grows equally fond of him, and solicits him for marriage. He responds unfavorably, claiming love only for Unca, so she poisons him and leaves him for dead. Unca comes upon him and saves his life yet again, and they remove themselves from the village to live with the settlers. They are not there long before their daughter, Unca Eliza, is born, and they are visited by two Indian men sent from Alluca, the jealous sister of princess Unca. The two men reveal daggers and a skirmish leaves Unca and one of the assassins dead, while Mr. Winkfield escapes death and takes the remaining assassin prisoner. Under the council of the other settlers, he decides to set him free, sending him back to the village with a promise of revenge on Alluca from Mr. Winkfield. She dies of grief before revenge can be had, and sends her heart and a request for forgiveness to Mr. Winkfield.

Overcome with grief for his murdered wife, Mr. Winkfield decides to return to England with his daughter in order to take care of his sick brother. While there, Unca Eliza grows up in the company of her cousins, is educated and exposed to Christianity, under which she was baptized, and notes with what great attention the English attend to her due to the complexion of her skin and her mixed Indian and English dress. Shortly after arriving in England, the grief-stricken Mr. Winkfield desires to return to Virginia, but intends for Unca Eliza to remain in England to finish her education. When she is eighteen years old, she is summoned by her father to return, and she makes the journey alongside her cousin, John Winkfield, who solicits her for marriage. She denies him, claiming she will never marry a man who cannot use a bow and arrow any better than she. Soon after arriving back in Virginia, Unca Eliza's father dies, and she is left alone. She desires to return to England when she is twenty-four, so she purchases a sloop and assembles a crew for the journey. On the way, her chosen captain solicits her for marriage to his son, but she refuses in the same manner as before. He is outraged by this, and threatens to leave her on an uninhabited island - securing all her money to him - if she does not reconsider. An altercation ensues, and the captain is thrown overboard by two slaves. (He is later recovered.) He gives Unca Eliza another opportunity to reconsider, but she does not, and he leaves her on an uninhabited island.

Once on the island, Unca Eliza, realizing she is a castaway grieves, then quickly devotes herself to God realizing how lucky she is to be alive. Unca Eliza finds an abandoned hermitage shortly after, which she takes as her shelter. Inside, she finds a manuscript of the previous occupant telling her how to survive as they have. The manuscript implies the occupant may soon be dead. She begins settling into her new lifestyle. She learns how to fend for herself and begrudgingly eats some goats and roots. After several weeks of this, she realizes the gravity of her situation and is much distressed, and comes down with a debilitating fever. Once she recovers, she consults the manuscript for more information, and learns that there is life on the island after all. She decides to explore her new habitation and understands the hermitage to be a religious temple of the sun, which contains numerous mummies. Upon returning from her explorations, she is startled by the presence of the hermit, who she thought was no longer on the island. The hermit dies overnight, and Unca Eliza makes more explorations and discovers an underground passageway leading to an idol of worship. While she is there she discovers that she can climb inside "the oracle" and it allows her voice to be heard for a great distance. A tempest brews outside, trapping her in the passageway. Afterward, the temple is visited by a group of Indians, as the manuscript predicted, and Unca Eliza hides in the secret passageway. While she is in there, she resolves to convert the Indians to Christianity ("from their idolatry") and develops a plan to hide within the body of the idol and to speak to the Indians when they arrive for their worship on the following year. An earthquake ensues during her practicing of the plan, and upon its conclusion, she discovers it has destroyed her abode. When the Indians arrive for their worship, she converses with the high-priest from within the idol, instructing the Indians in Christian principles.

Chapter I
By the end of Volume I, Unca has instructed the Indians to come back to visit her the following week for further instructions. She takes this time to reconsider what she had said to the Indians and how she should continue on with them. She also explored the island and discovered an extraordinary four footed animal. It was the size of a large dog, with long legs, a slender body, it had uncommonly large eyes which projected far from its head, and two rows of sharp but short teeth. This creature excited Unca's curiosity so she followed it. Other animals who were larger than it, fled at the sight of it. It came to a grassy area and extended itself as if dead, with eyes shut and lips closed. She sat down at some distance to watch it. The hair on his body was thick and long, five or six inches (152 mm), and formed bunches of clusters. A great number of field mice came up to him and began nibbling at the clusters of hair. It continued to lie still until a considerable number of mice had employed themselves among it. He then got up and shook violently, but the mice were stuck on him. He turned around, extended his long neck and began eating the mice greedily. In a few minutes he ate near three hundred of them because his body was almost covered in mice. Unca's curiosity was satisfied.

Chapter II
The day had come when the Indians were instructed to return to the island for further instructions. Unca took her place in the statue and waited. Only seven priest returned so she asked them why they did not bring their people? The high priest responded that it was their business to instruct their people after she has taught them. The priest explained that if she taught everyone, then they no longer had any means of employment. Unca told them that she will not teach them only and that they should not fear. She instructed the priest to go back and return with their people. He agreed and told her that they will return with their people in the morning because it will take up too much time in one day to complete this task. The next morning, the priest returned with a considerable number of people. She lectured for three hours and then told them to break for refreshments. She also instructed them to retire further from her so that she may emerge from the statue and take a refreshment for herself. She encouraged the people to ask her questions but they responded that "our priest know all, teach our priest and they will teach us". She concluded from this answer that the priest had instructed the people in private and then reminded everyone of what she had told them the previous day. Finishing her lecture, she told everyone that she had much more to teach them and that they should return once a week. The high priests being old should come if he pleased and all other could also choose to come if they wished. Unca excused the Indians and soon they all left the island.

Chapter III
Being suspicious of the priest because they would never suffer to be useless to their people, Unca decided that she must live among the Indians. Unca wished to make more progress with her teachings and it would be hard to do so from the statue once a week. It would also be inconvenient for them to come during the rainy season. She also considered her living arrangement. It would be hard for her to live underground during the summer and she would be confined to it also in the winter. After much thought she decided that it would be absolutely necessary to live with the Indians. She planned to introduce herself to the Indians but keep them ignorant of who she was and how she came to them so that she "might preserve a superiority over them". When the Indians returned to the island, she told them that they were ignorant of the true God and that God will send a holy woman to instruct them more fully. She told them to not be fearful or suspicious of that person who will be a woman. She will bring holy writings. They must respect her, do everything she commands, do not ask her where she comes from or when she is leaving, when she wishes to visit the island do not follow her or do anything that she forbids. Unca told them that she does not wish to force this woman upon them. They tell her to "Let her come! We will love and obey her!" She then instructed them to come back three days later, two hours after sunrise, and they will see the woman dressed like a high priest. After the Indians received her instructions and left, Unca began preparing for her departure.

Chapter IV
Unca rises early and begins preparing for the return of the Indians. She dresses herself in white and adorns herself in ornate jewelry of gold and precious stones. She leaves her shelter, locks it, and covers it up. Unca arrives at the statue and awaits the return of the Indians with her a staff, her bow and arrow, and a bundle of treasures. She also remembers to pray to God, that He might take away her fear and guide her on this grand task. The Indians arrive and the high-priest greets Unca respectfully. Unca announces her intentions: she will live with them for some time and instruct them on God's teachings, which she says will make them "happy for ever." Unca does not fail to mention a set of rules which include the following: they must obey her orders, learn her teachings, and never ask where she came from, or when she is leaving. At this, the high-priest responds with bows of acceptance and gratitude but follows with a proposal that surprises Unca. Since their previous king had died recently and left no heirs, he asks Unca to take her place as their queen. She thanks him for the offer but declines saying she will be only their "instructor." They all agree and Unca presents the high-priest and many of the people with rings from her treasures. A few of the Indians come forward and offer Unca some food and drink and Unca stands to say grace. This marks the beginning of her Christian teachings. She then mentions Jesus Christ and explains the Christian understanding that he is the son of God to whom they owe their thanks and praise.

Chapter V
Before embarking with the Indians, Unca prays to God. After the prayer, she sings a hymn in the Indian language to demonstrate the Christian ritual for the Indians. She leaves with the large group by canoe, and is welcomed in the Indian country where she is provided with lodging and 6 Indian servant girls. She is presented with gifts of liquor, dried meat, flowers, and fruit. Unca begins daily instruction for the priests on Scripture, and a weekly public instruction to spread the Christian faith. She reflects upon her surprise at the willingness and enthusiasm of the Indians to learn about Christianity. Unca also begins to translate her prayer books and the Bible from English into the Indian language. She admits that she is not happy living among the Indians, and that she knows she is perceived to be more than mortal and deliberately takes advantage of this. In her spare time, she shoots her bow and arrow, and revisits her old island. Two years pass living with the Indians, and Unca completes her translation of the Bible, the Catechism, and most of her Prayer Book. She is proud to have replaced the Indians religion of idolatry with Christianity.

Chapter VI
Returning on a regular trip to her island, Unca immediately perceives Europeans approaching the Idol. Concerned that they might try and enslave the Indians she ascends into the Oracle. Realizing that her cousin is among them she decides to speak to them through the Idol. Their discussion confirms that it is her cousin Winkfield and Unca assures him - via the Oracle's booming voice - that she is alive. She then asks them to sing a hymn her uncle wrote during which she sets up an Indian instrument to play through the Oracle's mouth and dresses herself in ceremonial robes. Unca sneaks up behind them and holds a sun staff in front of her face, slowly revealing herself, further terrifying the company in the process. While her cousin is relieved to see her alive, the rest of his company has been deeply disturbed by the loud speech of the Oracle, the music which Unca made it play, and her sudden appearance in luxurious robes. Unca tells her cousin that she will explain all these things in good time, but the company is so frightened by her that they are unable to speak.

Chapter VII
The company returns to their ship and Cousin Winkfield explains that the day after Unca was left on the island Captain Shore captured the vessel that she was on. The same Captain brought her cousin here to look for her, but now he is concerned the rest of the party has frightened the crew so much that she might not be able to get on board. Unca needs to leave for a while to settle things in her adopted home, but her cousin does not want her to leave at all. She insists and while she is waiting with her cousin and Captain Shore the crew members send a representative party to meet them. The party states that they are so terrified by Unca that they declare her to be the bride of Satan. Unca's cousin then agrees that she should return to her village and they make plans to meet on her island in the morning to set sail, which should give him time to calm down the crew.

Chapter VIII
As Unca leaves the sailors let out a shout for joy and she returns to the Idol to think about what has happened. She cries over her own folly and worries that her cousin might be murdered until she is exhausted and seeks some refreshment. Walking to her provisions she is immediately met by her cousin who tells her that they will not let him on board the ship. He assures her that Captain Shore will attempt to calm down his crew and will return in the morning to take them both on board. Unca and her cousin sit down to eat and he relates the fantastical claim of the crew: that they had seen her fly, filling the air with the smell of brimstone. Captain Shore challenged their claims saying that they are mutineers, but the crew insists that they are not, they just refuse to have the She-Devil or her friends on board. Unca and Winkfield decide to return to the island in the morning to see what Captain Shore has accomplished with his crew.

Chapter IX
Unca meets up with her canoe and tells the Indians - who had never seen a white man - that he is a relation of hers, which satisfies them. As they return to her village Unca tells her story to her cousin, who wishes to join her on her Christian mission. She discourages him and he proposes to her, which she delays answering as they have arrived on shore. They dine with the priests and return to her island in the morning. They spend most of the day on the island and are about to give up hope of seeing the ship when they find a note that Captain Shore has left for them. In it he states that the crew is resolute in their foolishness and the best he can do is leave Winkfield's effects on the shore and return for him with a new crew. This will take a year at least, but he will tell his family that both he and his cousin are alive, and when he returns he will leave them a means to signal his ship. Winkfield is happy because he can renew his suit of Unca, who only loves him as a friend and relation. She does consider that marriage would give them the chance to be alone together, as being alone with a man she is not married to hurts her modesty.

Chapter X
Winkfield's effects are taken to the village including some clothes for Unca for which she is very grateful. They also introduce chickens to the island along with a gun, telescope, and other goods, the result of which is to make the Indians as impressed with him as they are with Unca. Winkfield and Unca observe the sabbath and preach in English and the native dialect until Winkfield is fluent in the native language. Unca becomes so impressed with Winfkield that they are married within two months of his arrival and have both church and Indian ceremonies. The Indians are now baptized, married, and are "admitted to the Lord's supper." At this point Unca asks her husband Winkfield how his arrival came about. Winkfield recounts how Captain Shore sought out audience with his father and related the story of her abandonment. Captain Shore tells them that he became a pirate out of need, but vowed not to kill anyone, and made his crew promise the same. They were about to simply rob Unca's ship when they saw her Indian servant hanging from the yard-arm and demanded that the captain explain himself. The Indian is taken down and he tells Shore the entire story of the captain's treachery and Unca's abandonment on the island.

Chapter XI
Shore continues to recount his story saying that he found Unca's effects on board the ship, but is resolved to make the captain confess. Shore threatens to hang the captain at the yard-arm upon which the captain immediately admits to everything. Shore is about to hang the captain when he has a religious epiphany and repents, resolving to change his ways, repair his past, and bring the captain to proper justice in England. The captain is restrained and Unca's wounded servants are attended to; the male servant dies within a few days, but the two female servants survive. Shore then tells his crew that he hopes to lead them to repent just as he led them to sin and they all agree not to be pirates anymore. He hopes that Winkfield Sr. will help them procure a pardon so that they may turn in the captain and start their lives anew. He also pledges that whoever can prove that he robbed them will have their stolen effects returned. Shore then asks if Winkfield Sr. will accept this proposal, if he will not, then Captain Shore will leave them unharmed. They agree to the plan and give Shore passage to France so that he may await his pardon in safety.

Chapter XII
Winkfield continues to relate the story to Unca, stating that they received the conditional pardon for Shore and brought the captain and his crew to justice. While Shore was preparing to return to his crew he spent a great deal of time with cousin Winkfield who had hoped to find the island where Unca was abandoned in the hopes of bringing her home or properly mourning her. Winkfield is given permission by his family to search for Unca and Captain Shore is glad to take him to the island he suspects Unca to be upon. Winkfield has thus filled in Unca on all that had happened between her abandonment and her discovery. Their life continues on the island with Winkfield returning to Unca's island every two weeks until he finds a cannon with which to signal Captain Shore's ship. Captain Shore then spends three days in their village, further updating them on events in England. The treacherous captain was brought to trial and hanged along with three of his crew-mates. Captain Shore delivered the pardon to his crew and spent time returning stolen goods to their original owners. Unca and Winkfield then tell Shore what they have been doing and Shore asks to join their village, which they consent to. They then return to Unca's island to collect the gold to pay for their needed purchases and destroy the Idol to prevent the Indians from worshiping it ever again. Winkfield and Shore then return to England to get the family's blessing and to bring back books and other needed items. Shore and Winkfield return to the island and Unca sends back her manuscript whose final passage states that none of them have any intention of returning to Europe ever again.

Female authority
Female authority is a major theme in The Female American. This is evident from the outset of the novel, beginning with the great power and political influence of the young princess in the Indian tribe. Also, despite the fact that the book follows the Robinsonade genre conventions, it explores the possibility of a female adventurer rather than a typically male one. Unca Eliza is a powerful and independent heroine who commands respect outside of the normal domestic setting. For instance, she displays her dominance in her numerous denials for marriage. In response to her cousin's persistent proposals, she contends:

"I would never marry any man who could not use a bow and arrow as well as I could; but as he still continued his suit, I always laughed at him, and answered in the Indian language, of which he was entirely ignorant; and so by degrees wearied him into silence on that head" (51).

This also exemplifies Unca Eliza's superior worldliness, and her ability to compete on an equal level with her male counterparts. What complicates this theme is that Unca Eliza, though solitary on the deserted island, is aided in survival by the experiences and manuscript of a male character. However, it is ultimately Unca Eliza's decision to trust in God, and the ingenuity of her endeavor to convert the Indians to Christianity, that provide her with a successful way off the island.

However, even with this authority, Unca Eliza, does conform, at the end of the novel, to what is expected of her. She marries. Even when her cousin has not accomplished the task of mastering the bow and arrow. It seems this event is the author's attempt of satisfying the readers of the day. They would expect the woman to marry because isn't that what every 18th century woman strives for? For Unca Eliza the marriage serves more as a way to have companionship. She does not lose her independence and works beside her husband instead of under him. This may not be considered authority but equality.

Performance and gender roles
When Unca decides to convert the Indians to Christianity the use of performance is important to note because the reader can visually see how Unca uses the body of a male cleric to promote her ability as a female missionary, a role usually designated to men. Before Unca’s performance, she describes the sun idol saying that, “The image itself, of gold, greatly exceeded human size: it resembled a man clad in a long rob or vest” (Winkfield 86 ). Kristianne Vaccaro is surely right in reference to this part when she says “what is most significant about the text’s—and, ultimately, about Unca’s—performance of these religious “truths” is that she herself cannot access them without first playing the role of male cleric” (Vaccaro 136 ). Unca uses the body of the sun idol to instill religious truths because she herself would not be able to do so as a female. Once the performance begins, the reader can clearly see how Unca has used the body of the sun idol to perform her duty as a female missionary. She narrates that “High-Priest. Did God send you to teach us? Answer. He brought me hear, and I will teach you.” (Winkfield 104 ). Unca has successfully convinced the Indians of her religious truths and has used the sun idol to her aid in establishing her authority not only over the Indians but the reader as well. Unca no longer refers to herself as Unca but “Answer” signaling that the reader can now take all that she says for truth because she has successfully transformed into her role as a female missionary. This performance was necessary because Unca could not assert her authority without first performing a role she was not physically in reality; the role of a male cleric. Unca’s performance allows her to move through genders fluidly and assert her authority as a female missionary to both the Indians and the reader.

While this performance does help Unca to establish authority in this instance, the loss of Unca's voice towards the end of her narrative complicates her position as both a female authority figure and missionary. The Female American is no longer in the voice of Unca but “we” as she succumbs to marrying her white European cousin, they narrate “ As we never intended to have any more to do with Europe, captain Shore and my husband ordered the ship, by whom, for my father and mother’s satisfaction, I sent over these adventures” (Winkfield 162 ). Unca has become a “we”, much different from her previous position as the “Answer” showing that once her cousin came back, societal gender roles were put back into play and it did not matter what Unca did to try and assert herself. She even changes her “history” into “adventures” because it is no longer a history about her life but her helping her husband, the missionary, in this new world. Unca may seem to be a trailblazer at the beginning of her narrative but only exposes herself to be a pawn used to “keep intact the social hierarchies from which [she] arises” (Vaccaro 150 ).

Imperialism and religious conversion
Unca's faith in God and her desire to convert the Indians to Christianity prompt her to speak forth from the Idol as a type of "Queen" or female "God." This raises the issue of capitalist accumulation, colonial conquest, and political imperialism which many theorists have associated with Defoe's novel, Robinson Crusoe. There are several situations and events in the novel which portray Unca's relation to this theory. After Unca first speaks to the Indians through the masking of the Idol, she is uncertain whether she had done an evil act. Although she does affirm that Idol Worship is contrary to Christian doctrine, but she bravely used this same idol to dispel a belief in false gods. Then speaking through this idol, she revealed her true intent, and through her diligence, she converts the natives to Christianity.

"I heartily repented that I had ever spoken to them... Thus I was distracted whether I determined to stay, or go; to stay was attended with certain evils; to go, too probably, with very great ones. Miserable wretch!  cried I, what shall I do? tears succeeded; and I could think no more, with any coherence" (110).

While she is unsure of the morality of her decision to speak to them as a God, she still goes on to enforce her superiority over them:

"[B]y keeping them ignorant of who I was, or how I came to them, I might preserve a superiority over them, sufficient to keep them in awe, and to excite their obedience: yet I determined to speak no untruth" (110).

Unca's desire to "preserve a superiority over them" stems from an even deep-seated fear and an increased longing for protection and safety. To her, God is a powerful force, yet in a moment of despair, He is not her savior. Unca turns to a statue, a false idol, to give her protection from the unknown and in an attempt to preserve her life, she readily embraces this new found "superiority" and power over the Indians.

She does however, retain her dignity by remaining truthful throughout her conversations with the Indians. The fact that she had slaves who "begged" to go with her on her travels is yet another incident which can be seen as Capitalist Accumulation. And relating her strategies with those of Robinson Crusoe's, hers seem more manipulative than severe. She does have two weapons: a knife and a bow and arrow. However, she only uses them (the knife) when absolutely necessary.

Early in the novel there is another scene that discusses imperialism. In this scene, Unca's father is reflecting on a conversation he once had with his elder brother, who was a clergyman. His brother clearly disagrees with imperialism and tries to dissuade Unca's father from invading other countries:

"We have no right to invade the country of another, and I fear invaders will always meet a curse; but as your youth disenables you from viewing this expedition in that equitable light that it ought to be looked on, may your sufferings be portionably light! for our God is just, and will weigh our actions in a just scale" (37).

Even though Unca's father had this dramatic warning from his brother, he still goes on to try and conquer foreign countries. His brother even tries to infuse guilt into his speech, but it still does not register with Unca's father. Unca's father's attitude is clearly reflected in Unca when she uses the idol statue to convert the Indians.

Historical relevance
Unca Eliza Winkfield's grandfather is said to be Edward Wingfield, the first President of the Virginia colony. Winkfield was dismissed as president when the Colony of Virginia fell under a harsh food shortage, which in turn caused many internal political disputes about Winkfield's ability to successfully govern Virginia. His immediate predecessors were John Ratcliffe and then the famous John Smith. After being expunged from his presidential duties, Edward Winkfield wrote a famous text by the name of "Discourse on Virginia." In this text he speaks of his true passions, his resentment of being asked to leave, future plans that he had for Virginia, outlooks on Virginian society in general and the faults of Virginia that could possibly lead to its Demise.

title: The Female American


text:
George Rogers

George Rogers may refer to:

Politics

 * George Rogers (Alberta politician) (born 1958), former mayor of Leduc, Alberta, MLA for the riding of Leduc-Beaumont-Devon
 * George Rogers (British politician) (1906–1983), British member of Parliament
 * George Rogers (Manitoba politician) (1856–1901), politician in Manitoba, Canada
 * George Rogers (Massachusetts politician) (1933-2018), Massachusetts General Court
 * George F. Rogers (1887–1948), American congressman from New York
 * George H. Rogers, politician from California
 * George W. Rogers Jr. (1927–2017), American politician

Sports

 * George Rogers (American football) (born 1958), American football player
 * George Rogers (cricketer, born 1815) (1815–1870), English cricketer
 * George Rogers (cricketer, born 1905) (1905–1958), English cricketer
 * George Rogers (Surrey cricketer) (1847–1905), English cricketer
 * George C. Rogers (1889–1964), American college sports coach
 * George Lyttleton Rogers (1906–1962), Irish tennis player, promoter and coach

Other

 * George Herbert Rogers (1820–1872), Australian stage actor
 * George Bigelow Rogers (1869–1945), American architect
 * George B. Rogers, president of German Wallace College
 * , writer of 1936 book Studies in Paul's Epistle to the Romans, using the Concordant Version

title: George Rogers


text:
Castlemont High School

Castlemont High School is a public high school in Oakland, California, United States, originally known as East Oakland High School. It is part of the Oakland Unified School District. The Castlemont name was selected by a vote of the students.

Castlemont High School was founded in 1929 in a medieval-style building. The architecture inspires many of the school traditions, such as the sports teams being named "Knights" and "Crusaders" and the school newspaper Ye Castle Crier. The motto is "Build on and make thy castles high and fair, rising upward to the skies."

Its Basketball teams in, 1969, 1976, & 1979 were winners of the Tournament of Champions (T.O.C.), formerly the northern California championships, and its track team in 1975 Maurice Glass held high school indoor sprint record. In 1983, Derrick Adams took first place in the 130 lbs wrestling California State Championship, the only Oakland Section person to ever place first in his weight class.

Former School Choir, "The Castleers", whose members in the 1970s toured the world performing a variety of songs that included R&B and gospel.

Castlemont Community of Small Schools
For an eight-year period, from 2004 to 2012, the large school housed three separate smaller schools called the Castlemont Community of Small Schools. The smaller schools were known by the names:

 * Castlemont Leadership Preparatory High (10–12)
 * Castlemont Business and Information Technology School (10–12) (CBITIS)
 * East Oakland School of the Arts (10–12)
 * Freshman Prep Academy (FPA)

A similar smaller school experiment was going on at the Fremont Federation of High Schools.

The school opened back under the reunified name "Castlemont High School" in the fall of 2012.

Alumni
Notable alumni of Castlemont Senior High School include:
 * Carole Ward Allen, former BART director and Oakland port commissioner
 * Charlie Brown (b. 1948), former NFL wide receiver for the Detroit Lions
 * Kali Muscle, American actor, author, bodybuilder, and entertainer
 * Randy Sparks, the Christie Minstrels
 * Larry Graham, former bass player with Sly and the Family Stone
 * Steve Howard, former MLB player
 * Fred Korematsu, Japanese Internment protester
 * Leroy Reams, Major League Baseball player for Philadelphia Phillies
 * Joe Morgan (1943–2020), baseball Hall of Famer, class of 1962
 * Clifford T. Robinson (class of 1977), NBA Small forward
 * Fred Silva (b. 1927), NFL official from 1968 to 1988, referee for Super Bowl XIV
 * Steve Reeves (1926–2000), class of 1944 Most famous for his movie role of "Hercules", famous bodybuilder and actor.
 * Gary Pettis (b. 1958), Major League Baseball player, current first base coach of the Houston Astros
 * June Pointer (1953–2006), American Pop/R&B singer, the Pointer Sisters
 * Richard "Dimples" Fields (1941–2000), American R&B and soul singer
 * Raphael Saadiq (b. 1966), American R&B singer
 * Betty Reid Soskin, oldest National Park Ranger serving the United States

title: Castlemont High School


text:
Talk:The Female American

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): State0312.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:02, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
This page should be titled The Female American, as it's a book title.
 * Seems to have been done. :: Kevinalewis  :  (Talk Page) / (Desk)  11:25, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Are there more sources or literary texts you could recommend through citations? I was wondering if the list could be extended, in case of, the reader wanting to do further research about the novel? Never-winter-erica (talk) 21:27, 30 October 2017 (UTC) never-winter-erica

title: Talk:The Female American


text: File:MiniMoni.jpg

title: File:MiniMoni.jpg


text: User talk:70.24.165.104

title: User talk:70.24.165.104


text: Template:Eggerland series

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User talk:Edman985

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 05:19, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Edman985


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cyclones 13

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Deleted. Hedley 01:33, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Cyclones 13
"the CYCLONES 13 GANG is a latino gang from the los angeles area from the city of (huntington park)" etc etc (sans shift key). The gang strikes such a level of dread in the community that it gets 0 (zero) hits at Google. Unverifiable, possibly fiction or vanity. -- Hoary 05:20, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete--DNicholls 05:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Hoary. Hamster Sandwich 06:25, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Absolute rubbish. Not notable and vanity. DarthVader 11:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 06:55, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Ashok Banker

Ashok Kumar Banker (born 7 February 1964 in Mumbai, India) is an author and screenwriter. His writing spans crime thrillers, essays, literary criticism, fiction and Indian mythology. The author of several well-received novels including a trilogy billed as "India's first crime novels in English", he became widely known for his retellings of Indian mythological epics, starting with the internationally acclaimed and best-selling eight-volume Ramayana Series. His books have sold over 2 million copies and have been published in 16 languages in 58 countries. His Epic India Library is an attempt at retelling all the myths, legends and itihasa of the Indian sub-continent in one story cycle comprising over 70 volumes.

Childhood
Banker was raised by his grandmother, May Agnes Smith. She married Mr. D'Souza, an Indian Christian from Goa, and the couple settled in Byculla in Mumbai. His grandmother financed the publication of his first book, a collection of poetry titled Ashes in the Dust of Time, which he self-published at age 15.

Journalism
Ashok Banker worked as a freelance journalist and columnist for several years, for publications such as The Times of India and Outlook magazine. He was also a reviewer and commentator on contemporary Indian literature, an essayist, literary critic and reviewer.

Literary contribution
Banker is a contemporary Indian novelist. His work has been included in anthologies such as The Vintage Book of Modern Indian Literature and The Picador Book of Modern Indian Literature. His novel Vertigo, published in 1992, was praised by critics and readers including the late Dom Moraes.

Crime fiction
Banker has published in several genres, including crime thrillers. His Kali Rising books is a contemporary radical feminist thriller series featuring only women protagonists. The first book, Blood Red Sari, was launched at the Tata Literature Live! literary festival in Mumbai in November 2012.

Science fiction, fantasy and horror
His Gods of War was released by Penguin in 2009.

Autobiographical work
Three of his novels contain autobiographical elements and are closely related to one another. His novel Vertigo is about a man struggling to make a successful career and home life in Bombay. Byculla Boy takes its name from the suburb he and his mother grew up in. Beautiful Ugly is a tribute to his mother.

Mythological retellings
Banker is best known for his Ramayana Series, a freely imaginative retelling of the ancient Sanskrit epic poem. It has spawned the burgeoning mythology genre.

Television work
Banker has been credited as the creator and scriptwriter (story, screenplay and dialogues) for A Mouthful of Sky, India's first television series in English, originally aired on DD Metro in the Indian sub-continent, retelecast on Star World. He was also co-writer of Malaysia's television series in English, titled City of the Rich, produced by UTV. Writing sporadically for television from the mid-1980s onwards, Banker scripted over 520 episodes of broadcast television for various series.

Feature films
In June 2013, Disney UTV purchased the rights to Banker's ongoing Mahabharata Series, with Banker commissioned to adapt the epic for release in 2016/17. Disney India CEO Siddhartha Roy Kapur was attached to produce and Director Abhishek Kapoor signed to direct the film. Banker has also confirmed that he has been commissioned by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra to write the script for a forthcoming film.

Poetry

 * Ashes in the Dust of Time (1979)

Literary fiction

 * Vertigo (1993)
 * Byculla Boy (1994)

Young adult novels

 * Amazing Adventure at Chotta Sheher (1992)
 * The Missing Parents Mystery (1994)
 * Vortal Shockwave (2013)

Ramayana series

 * Prince of Ayodhya (2003)
 * Siege of Mithila (2003)
 * Demons of Chitrakut (2004)
 * Armies of Hanuman (2005)
 * Bridge of Rama (2005)
 * King of Ayodhya (2006)
 * Vengeance of Ravana (2011)
 * Sons of Sita (2012)
 * Ramayana Series: The Complete Omnibus (2013) (Ebook only)
 * "Prince of Ayodhya: Volume I, The Graphic Novel" (2010)

Collected as omnibus volumes

 * Prince of Dharma (2007)
 * Prince in Exile (2007)
 * Prince at War (2007)
 * King of Dharma (2011) (Ebook only)

Krishna Coriolis series

 * Slayer of Kamsa (2010)
 * Dance of Govinda (2011)
 * Flute of Vrindavan (2011)
 * Lord of Mathura (2011)
 * Rage of Jarasandha (2011)
 * Fortress of Dwarka (2012)
 * Rider of Garuda (2013)
 * Lord of Vaikunta (Expected 2015)
 * Krishna Coriolis: Complete Omnibus (Expected 2015)

Mahabharata series
Prequel Series Mahabharata Series
 * The Forest of Stories (2011)
 * The Seeds of War (2011)
 * The Children of Midnight (2015)
 * The Darkness Before Dawn (2016)
 * The Eclipse of Dharma (2016)
 * The Sons of Misrule (Expected 2017)

Epic love stories

 * Ganga and Shantanu (2013)
 * Satyavati and Shantanu (2013)
 * Shakuntala and Dushyanta (2013)
 * Amba and Bhishma (2013)
 * Devayani, Sharmistha and Yayati (2012)

Kali Rising

 * Blood Red Sari (2012)
 * Burnt Saffron Sky (2012) (Ebook only)
 * Rust Black Heart (2013) (Ebook only)
 * Silver Acid Rain (2013) (Ebook only)

Crime fiction

 * The Iron Bra (1993)
 * Murder & Champagne (1993)
 * Ten Dead Admen (1993)

Itihasa series

 * Ten Kings: Dasarajna (2012)
 * ASHOKA: Lion of Maurya (2015)

Future history

 * Gods of War (2009)
 * Vengeance of Ravana (2009)
 * VORTAL: Shockwave (2014)

Non-fiction books

 * The Pocket Essential Bollywood (2001)
 * The Valmiki Syndrome (2012)

Other works

 * Gods of War(novel) (2009)
 * A Mouthful of Sky -TV Series created and written by Banker (1995–96)
 * "City of the Rich" -TV Series co-written by Banker (1996–98), credited as Malaysia's first Television Series in English.
 * Bad Karma Online serial (first published on Top Write Corner website) (1998)
 * Brandwarriors Magazine series published in The Advertising Brief, now defunct ad magazine published by Mid-day Group (1999)
 * Swing City (2000) Book-length novel published as an online serial on Rediff.com
 * Vortal (2000–01) Multimedia serial published in CD-Rom magazine "Mahazine"
 * “Bombay Times”, a novel, published by AKB, in 2009 is about the rich society of Bombay.

title: Ashok Banker


text:
LDU

LDU may refer to:

Politics

 * Alliance of Independents (Landesring der Unabhängigen), a 1936–1999 political party in Switzerland
 * Lahu Democratic Union, a political and insurgent group in Myanmar
 * Liberal and Democratic Union, a 1906–1910 South Australian political party
 * National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary (Landesselbstverwaltung der Ungarndeutschen)

Science and mathematics

 * Land disposal unit, a term in bioremediation
 * LDU decomposition, a factorization of matrices found in linear algebra
 * Linear Drive Unit, a type of orbital replacement unit used on the International Space Station

Other uses

 * Lahad Datu Airport (IATA code), Sabah, Malaysia
 * Lawrence Debate Union, the official debate team of the University of Vermont
 * Liga Deportiva Universitaria (disambiguation), several Ecuadorian football clubs
 * Local Delivery Unit, last three digits of a Canadian postal code
 * Luke Davies-Uniacke (born 1999), Australian rules footballer

title: LDU


text:
Imperial Bank of India

The Imperial Bank of India (IBI) was one of the oldest and the largest commercial banks in India, and was subsequently renamed and nationalised as the State Bank of India in 1955. Initially, as per its royal charter, it acted as the central bank for India prior to the formation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 1935.

Origin
The Imperial Bank of India is started through the Kayasth Trading and Banking Corporation which worked to the monthly payment paid of teacher's of colleges and school and came into existence on 27 January 1921 through the reorganisation and amalgamation of the three Presidency Banks of colonial India into a single banking entity. The decision of his majesty's government was certainly influenced by the 1912 book "Indian Currency and Finance" authored by John Maynard Keynes. The Presidency Banks were the Bank of Bengal, established on 2 June 1806, the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840), and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843). The Imperial Bank was 80% privately owned while the rest were owned by the state.

Activities
The Imperial Bank of India performed all the normal functions which a commercial bank was expected to perform. In the absence of any central banking institution in India until 1935, the Imperial Bank of India also performed a number of functions which are normally carried out by a central bank.

Milestones

 * In 1924, at Apollo Street, currently called Mumbai Samachar Marg, Mumbai, a magnificent stone structure with fretted windows, was constructed to house a branch of the Imperial Bank of India.
 * In 1933, Sir Badridas Goenka, an important public figure and business tycoon of his time, and a prominent member of Marwari community of Calcutta, became the first Indian to be appointed as the Chairman of the Imperial Bank of India.

Epilogue
The Reserve Bank of India, which is the central bank of India, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, which was renamed on 30 April 1955 to the State Bank of India. This transformation from the Imperial Bank of India to the State Bank of India was given legal recognition through an Act of the Parliament of India, which came into force from 1 July 1955. On that day, the bank had 480 branches and sub-offices, as well as three local head offices; slightly more than a quarter of the resources of the Indian banking industry was under its control and command. The branch network of the State Bank of India has since grown to 24,050 branches as of 31 March 2018. In 2007, the Reserve Bank of India transferred its stake in the State Bank of India to the Indian Government.

title: Imperial Bank of India


text:
Ron Hawkins

Ronald James Hawkins is a musician from Toronto who is best known as a member of the band The Lowest of the Low. He has also released music as a solo artist, and fronted the bands Ron Hawkins and the Rusty Nails and Ron Hawkins and the Do Good Assassins. He has produced albums for multiple independent bands and artists and is also an accomplished painter.

Career
The Lowest of the Low sold over 100,000 copies of their two independent releases, Shakespeare My Butt and Hallucigenia. Shakespeare My Butt was voted by Canadians as one of the Top 10 Canadian Albums of all time by Chart magazine. The band broke up in 1994.

After The Lowest of the Low broke up, Hawkins formed The Leisure Demons with former Squirrel drummer Stephen Keeping. The Leisure Demons recorded a four-song demo containing songs that were later recorded by his next band, The Rusty Nails. In 1995, he released his first solo album, The Secret of My Excess. The musicians on this release—Lawrence Nichols (vocals), Christopher Plock (saxophones), Michael Kaler (aka Blitz) (bass)—soon became known as The Rusty Nails, and were joined by Rob Fenton (saxophone, violin), and Mark Hansen (drums). Mark Hansen was a member of the Toronto band Dig Circus, which was mentioned in a Lowest of the Low song. The Rusty Nails spent much of 1996 and 1997 touring in support of The Secret of My Excess. In September 1998 their first album, Greasing the Star Machine, was released independently, and was followed by Crackstatic in 2000.

The band supported Billy Bragg, The Violent Femmes, Cracker and Big Sugar on tours.

In 2000, The Lowest of the Low reunited. They performed a reunion tour, which resulted in the live album Nothing Short of a Bullet. They later recorded another album, Sordid Fiction, before splitting up again in 2007. The Lowest of the Low continue to play sporadic shows to this day, including a tour celebrating the 20th anniversary of their most famous album, Shakespeare My Butt, which culminated at Massey Hall on May 7, 2011. The band reformed again and recorded Do the Right Now in September 2017 and Agitpop in 2019.

Exclaim! magazine, writing about the album 10 Kinds of Lonely (2009), notes that "the spontaneous results confirm his status as one of our best wordsmiths". Bob Wiseman joined him on keyboards to perform the record live.

In 2011 he formed a new band, the Do Good Assassins. They released a double CD, Rome, in 2012 and Garden Songs in 2015.

The song "Peace and Quiet" from Garden Songs was played prior to every home game at Air Canada Centre for the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 2015–16 and 2016-17 seasons.

Hawkins's sixth solo album, Spit Sputter and Sparkle, was released in 2016 on Pheromone Recordings.

In 2020, with Canada and much of the world in lockdown because of the coronavirus pandemic, Hawkins began hosting live shows broadcast from his living room for fans to watch. Dubbed "Tommy Douglas Tuesdays" (named in tribute to Tommy Douglas for his role in bringing universal health care to Canada), the weekly shows saw Hawkins play every song in his entire catalog before moving on to request nights and themed evenings.

The Lowest of the Low

 * Shakespeare My Butt (1991)
 * Hallucigenia (1994)
 * Nothing Short of a Bullet (2001)
 * Sordid Fiction (2004)
 * Do the Right Now (2017)
 * Thrifty Thrifty Thrifty (2018)
 * AgitPop (2019)
 * Welcome to the Plunderdome (2023)

Ron Hawkins and the Rusty Nails

 * Greasing the Star Machine (1998)
 * Crackstatic (2000)
 * Airports of the World EP (2001)

Solo

 * The Secret of My Excess (1996)
 * Hey Valerie EP (1996)
 * Chemical Sounds (2007)
 * 10 Kinds of Lonely (2009)
 * Straitjacket Love (2011)
 * Spit Sputter and Sparkle (2016)
 * Trash Talkin' at the Speed of Sound (2023)

Ron Hawkins and the Do Good Assassins

 * Rome (2012)
 * Garden Songs (2015)
 * 246 (2020)

title: Ron Hawkins


text:
William FitzRoy, 6th Duke of Grafton

William Henry Fitzroy, 6th Duke of Grafton (5 August 1819 – 21 May 1882), styled Viscount Ipswich until 1847 and Earl of Euston between 1847 and 1863, was a British peer and Liberal Party politician. He was born in London and educated at Harrow, and after went to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

He was the son of Henry FitzRoy, 5th Duke of Grafton and his wife Mary Caroline Berkeley, who were married on 20 June 1812 in Lisbon. At the time his father was an officer fighting with the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War.

At the 1847 general election he was elected unopposed as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Thetford in Norfolk, a seat held by his father from 1834 to 1841. He was returned unopposed at the next three general elections, and held the seat until he succeeded to his father's peerage in 1863. As well as the titles he inherited almost 26,000 acres.

Grafton married the Honourable Marie Anne Louise Baring (18 November 1833 – 8 April 1928), the daughter of Francis Baring, 3rd Baron Ashburton, on 10 February 1858. He spent the winter and spring each year at Hyères because he and his wife both suffered from ill health.

In 1860 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel in command of the 1st Administrative Battalion of Northamptonshire Rifle Volunteers.

He died childless in 1882, aged 62, in London and was succeeded as Duke of Grafton by his younger brother, Augustus.

title: William FitzRoy, 6th Duke of Grafton


text:
Fumie Suguri

Fumie Suguri (村主 章枝) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater. She is a three-time World medalist, a three-time Four Continents champion, the 2003 Grand Prix Final champion, and a five-time Japanese national champion.

Personal life
Suguri was born in Chiba, Chiba, Japan. Her younger sister, Chika, is also a figure skater. Their father was a pilot for JAL and due to his job, the family moved to Anchorage, Alaska when Suguri was three. She is bilingual in Japanese and English.

Suguri graduated from Waseda University. She has a degree in social sciences.

In November 2014, Suguri came out as bisexual.

In October 2022, Kaitlyn Weaver communicated on Twitter that Suguri is not in fact bisexual, but supports the LGBT community. Suguri's coming out was reported in error.

Career
Suguri began skating at age 5 in Alaska. When she returned to Japan, she began formal training under coach Nobuo Sato, a ten-time Japanese national champion.

In 1994, while visiting the practice rink for the 1994 World Championships, Suguri was taught the triple Lutz jump by Michelle Kwan, who was competing in the event.

1996–97 to 2001–02
Suguri became Japan's national champion for the first time in 1997. Her second national title came in the 2000–01 season. She went on to win gold at the 2001 Four Continents, becoming the first Japanese woman to win the competition.

In 2001–02, Suguri won her third national title and competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, where she placed 5th. A month later, she won the bronze medal at the 2002 World Championships behind Michelle Kwan and Irina Slutskaya. Her bronze medal at Worlds was the first medal for a Japanese woman at the World Championships since Yuka Sato won the title in 1994.

2002–03 to 2005–06
In the 2002–03 season, Suguri won her fourth national title. She was awarded gold at Four Continents and repeated as the bronze medalist at the World Championships, this time behind Kwan and Elena Sokolova.

In 2003–04, Suguri won gold at the NHK Trophy and bronze at Cup of China, thus qualifying for the Grand Prix Final. She stood atop the podium at the Final after defeating Sasha Cohen to become the first Japanese woman to take gold at the competition. Suguri left Sato after the 2004 World Championships after she lost two competitions to Miki Ando, who was also coached by Sato at the time. She moved to Chicago in the United States to train with Oleg Vasiliev in the autumn of 2004.

In the 2004–05 season, Suguri placed fourth at both of her Grand Prix assignments. After placing third at the Japanese Championships, she won her third Four Continents title. She finished fifth at the World Championships. After the Japan Skating Federation refused to let her continue working with Vasiliev, Suguri returned to Sato and soon after Ando left him.

In the 2005–06 season, Suguri won her fifth national title, competing against Mao Asada and Shizuka Arakawa. She placed fourth at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and concluded her season with a silver medal at the 2006 World Championships, having finished second to Kimmie Meissner. She became the first Japanese woman to earn three World Championship medals.

2006–07 to 2009–10
In the 2006–07 season, Suguri finished fourth at the Japanese championships behind younger competitors Mao Asada, Miki Ando and Yukari Nakano, and missed a spot to the World Championships held in her home country. She competed at the Four Continents Championships but withdrew due to injury after falling on two jumps in her short program. At the end of the season, Suguri left Sato again as she felt overshadowed by Nakano, who was also training with Sato at the time.

For the 2007–08 season, Suguri decided to train in Russia with Alexander Zhulin, who had choreographed her programs in the previous season. Due to Zhulin's marital problems, she had to spend most of her time with Igor Pashkevich. At the Japanese National Championships, Suguri placed third after her short program, but she stumbled in the free program, finishing fourth overall, and, again, she missed a spot on the World Championship team.

During the 2008–09 season, Suguri chose to train with coach Nikolai Morozov in Hackensack, New Jersey. There, she was able to improve her jumping ability. Her first competition of the season was Skate Canada where she placed second behind Joannie Rochette. Her next competition was Cup of Russia, where she led after the short program, then placed third in the free skate, and finished third, overall. At the 2008/2009 Japanese Championships she was 5th after the short program due to a fall on a triple flip. In her long program she landed five triples and scored 121.27 points, winning the long program and placing second overall behind Mao Asada. Suguri made the World team for the first time in three years. She placed 6th at the 2009 Four Continents and 8th at the 2009 World Championships.

Suguri left Morozov in the summer of 2009 to train with Alexei Mishin in Russia, saying she wanted to work on triple/triple combinations and the triple axel. Mishin neglected Suguri and she spent most of her time with Igor Pashkevich. She finished 7th at the 2010 Japanese National Championships.

2010–11 to present
In March 2011, Suguri stated that she would continue competing the next season, and possibly until 2014. She began working as a regular employee in the Sports Marketing Division at Sunny Side Up and gained a sponsorship at a medical company, Yoshindo.

Suguri was unsuccessful in her effort to reach the 2011–12 Japanese Nationals, finishing 12th in her qualifying competition. She was dealing with an ankle injury. Suguri announced her competitive retirement on November 13, 2014. In 2016, she competed in her first adult skating event.

Competitive highlights
GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix

Detailed results
Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at ISU Championships.

 * QR = Qualifying round

title: Fumie Suguri


text:
Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France

Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria of Saxony (4 November 1731 – 13 March 1767) was Dauphine of France through her marriage to Louis, the son and heir of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X, as well as Madame Élisabeth.

Childhood
Maria Josepha was born on 4 November 1731 in Dresden Castle to Augustus III, Prince-Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and Maria Josepha of Austria. Maria Josepha was the ninth of sixteen children born to the couple, and their fifth daughter.

Dauphin Louis, eldest son of King Louis XV of France, was widowed on 22 July 1746 when his wife, Infanta Maria Teresa, died giving birth to their only child, a daughter named after herself. Elizabeth Farnese, Maria Teresa's mother, had offered the Dauphin another sister, Infanta Maria Antonia. Instead, the King of France and his mistress Madame de Pompadour wanted to open up diplomatic channels.

The marriage between Maria Josepha and the Dauphin had first been suggested by her uncle Maurice de Saxe. Louis XV and his mistress were convinced that the marriage would be advantageous to French foreign affairs. France and Saxony had been on opposing sides in the recent War of the Austrian Succession and thus the marriage between the Saxon princess and the Dauphin would form a new alliance between the two nations. There was one problem with the suggested bride: Maria Josepha's father Augustus III of Poland had deposed Stanislaus I Leszczyński from the Polish throne. Leszczyński was the father of Maria Leszczyńska, Louis XV's wife and mother of the Dauphin. The marriage was said to have humiliated the simple-living Queen, even though she and Maria Josepha would later get on well.

Other proposals came from Savoy in the form of Princess Eleonora of Savoy or her sister Maria Luisa of Savoy. Both were refused. Despite the disapproval of the Queen, Maria Josepha married the Dauphin on 9 February 1747.

Dauphine

Prior to the marriage, tradition demanded that the bride wear a bracelet which had a picture of her father on it; the Queen seeing the Dauphine asked to see the bracelet. The clever Maria Josepha then revealed the bracelet to the Queen, which showed a portrait of the Queen's father. The Dauphine said that the portrait represented the fact that the Duke of Lorraine was Maria Josepha's grandfather by marriage. The Queen and the court were strongly impressed by the tact of this girl of 15 years. The Dauphine was also very close to her father-in-law Louis XV.

At the time of the marriage, the Dauphin was still grieving for his Spanish wife. This grief was very public on the part of the Dauphin but Maria Josepha was praised greatly for conquering the heart of the Dauphin "bit by bit". Despite Maria Josepha being the patient wife, the Dauphin's grief worsened in April 1748 when his only child with the Infanta died at the age of two. The Dauphin was deeply affected by the child's death. Maria Josepha later commissioned a painting (now lost) of her stepdaughter to be left over her cradle.

The new Dauphine was very grateful to Madame de Pompadour for helping arrange her marriage, and always maintained a good relationship with the royal mistress.

Like the Dauphin, Maria Josepha was very devout. Together with her mother-in-law and husband, she formed a counterbalance to the libertine behaviour of her father-in-law and his court. The couple were not fond of the various entertainments held at Versailles every week, preferring to stay in their apartments which can still be seen on the ground floor of Versailles overlooking the Orangerie.

The couple's first child was a daughter, born in 1750 on the feast day of Saint Zephyrinus and named Marie Zéphyrine. The birth was greeted with much joy by her parents even though Louis XV had been disappointed the child was not a male. She died in 1755. Their second child, Louis, was born on 13 September 1751. The Dauphine was a devoted and loving mother, but favored her eldest son at the expense of her other children. He died on 22 March 1761 of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The couple's second son, Xavier, was born in 1753, and died in infancy. As a result, their third son, Louis Auguste, born on 23 August 1754, became second in line to the French throne after his father.

Thanks to Maria Josepha's close relationship with the King and the Dauphin, the relationship between father and son was soon repaired. The Dauphin was at the center of the Dévots, a group of religious-minded men who hoped to gain power when he succeeded to the throne. They were against the way Louis XV openly had affairs at court in blatant view of the Queen. Naturally they were not popular with Louis XV.

Her father-in-law named his loving daughter-in-law la triste Pepa; in 1756, Frederick II of Prussia invaded her native Saxony and that started the Seven Years' War, which France later joined. Politically reserved, she exerted herself only once, in 1762, in vain, for the preservation of the Society of Jesus in France. The Society had been dissolved by order of the Parlement of Paris, inspired by Jansenist magistrates, against the will of the King.

Later life
The death of her husband, on 20 December 1765, dealt Maria Josepha a devastating blow from which she never recovered, sinking into a deep depression which lasted till her own death 15 months later.

Henriette Campan described the state of Maria Josepha during her widowhood:
 * “The Dauphiness, his widow, was deeply afflicted; but the immoderate despair which characterised her grief induced many to suspect that the loss of the crown was an important part of the calamity she lamented. She long refused to eat enough to support life; she encouraged her tears to flow by placing portraits of the Dauphin in every retired part of her apartments. She had him represented pale, and ready to expire, in a picture placed at the foot of her bed, under draperies of gray cloth, with which the chambers of the Princesses were always hung in court mournings. Their grand cabinet was hung with black cloth, with an alcove, a canopy, and a throne, on which they received compliments of condolence after the first period of the deep mourning. The Dauphiness, some months before the end of her career, regretted her conduct in abridging it; but it was too late; the fatal blow had been struck. It may also be presumed that living with a consumptive man had contributed to her complaint. This Princess had no opportunity of displaying her qualities; living in a Court in which she was eclipsed by the King and Queen, the only characteristics that could be remarked in her were her extreme attachment to her husband, and her great piety."

To save her the torment of remaining with memories of her dead husband, Louis XV re-arranged the allocation of apartments within Versailles, so that Maria Josepha moved out of the apartments that she had shared with her husband and into the apartments of Madame de Pompadour, who had died in 1764. There, the king visited her more than he had in the past, paid her many kind attentions, and discussed with her the possible wedding of her son, the new dauphin. Maria Josepha was not pleased with the idea of her eldest son marrying a daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, in whose favour Maria Josepha's own mother (a cousin of Maria Theresa) had been disinherited.

Maria Josepha's health declined. She died on 13 March 1767 of tuberculosis, and was buried in the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne in Sens. The marriage of her son, the future Louis XVl, with Maria Theresa's daughter Marie Antoinette was celebrated three years later.

Issue

 * Stillborn son* (30 January 1748)
 * Stillborn son* (10 May 1749)
 * Marie Zéphyrine of France (26 August 1750 – 1 September 1755); died in childhood.
 * Louis Joseph of France, Duke of Burgundy (13 September 1751 – 22 March 1761); died in childhood.
 * Stillborn daughter* (9 March 1752)
 * Xavier of France, Duke of Aquitaine (8 September 1753 – 22 February 1754); died in infancy.
 * Louis XVI of France (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793); married Marie Antoinette of Austria and had issue.
 * Louis XVIII of France (17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824); married Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy, no issue.
 * Stillborn son* (1756)
 * Charles X of France (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836); married Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy and had issue.
 * Marie Clotilde de France (23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802); married Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, no issue.
 * Stillborn son* (1762)
 * Élisabeth of France (3 May 1764 – 10 May 1794); died unmarried.


text:
Eisbein

Eisbein (literally: 'ice leg') is a German culinary dish of ham hock, usually cured and slightly boiled. The German-language name has associations with the practice of using a pig's leg-bone for ice skating. In southern parts of Germany, the common preparation is known as Schweinshaxe, and it is usually roasted. The Polish dish golonka or golonko and the Swedish dish fläsklägg med rotmos are very similar, alternatively grilled on a barbecue; other similar dishes include the Swiss Wädli and the Austrian Stelze.

Eisbein is usually sold already cured and sometimes smoked, and then used in simple hearty dishes. Numerous regional variations exist, for example in Berlin it is served with pease pudding. In Franconia, Eisbein is commonly served with mashed potatoes or sauerkraut, in Austria with horseradish and mustard instead.

title: Eisbein


text: User:Laundrypowder

title: User:Laundrypowder