text:
I-201-class submarine

The I-201-class submarines (伊二百一型潜水艦) were submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. These submarines were of advanced design, built for high underwater speed, and were known as Sentaka-Dai type submarine (潜高大型潜水艦) or Sentaka type submarine (潜高型潜水艦). The type name, was shortened to Suichū Kōsoku Sensuikan Ō-gata (水中高速潜水艦大型).

They were one of the fastest submarine class built during World War II, second only to Walter Type XVII closed-cycle powered submarines. Twenty-three units were ordered from the Kure Naval Arsenal under the 1943 construction program. Due to the deteriorating war situation, only eight boats were laid down, and only three, numbered I-201, I-202 and I-203, were completed before the end of the war. None of them saw operational use.

Background
In 1938 the Imperial Japanese Navy constructed an experimental high-speed submarine for evaluation purposes, which was designated Vessel Number 71 (第71号艦) for security purposes. Based on previous experience with high-speed, short-range midget submarines, Number 71 displaced only 230 tons surfaced with a length of 140 ft. She could attain a submerged speed of over 21 kn, making her the fastest submarine of her day. The results gained from experiments with Number 71 formed the basis for the I-201 class submarines.

Design

By late 1942 it had become apparent to the IJN that conventional submarines were unable to survive the new ASW techniques coming into service, such as radar, HF/DF, sonar, and new depth charge projectors. New submarines were required, with a higher underwater than surface speed, quick-diving capability, quiet underwater running, and a high underwater operational radius.

The IJN General Staff made an official request for high-speed submarines in October 1943 and among the ships planned in 1944 to be constructed in 1945 were 23 "underwater high speed submarines" (Sen taka) temporarily designated "Ships No. 4501–4523".

The General Staff's final requirements were stated in Order No. 295 dated 29 October 1943 to the Navy Technical Department. These included an underwater speed of 25 kn which was reduced to 20 kn for practical reasons. Nevertheless, they were the fastest operational submarines of World War II, outpacing even the German Type XXI.

To meet the requirement for high underwater speed the designers had to:

 * Adopt a single-hull structure
 * Locate the main ballast tank higher than previous submarines to give a higher center of gravity and improve dynamic stability
 * Give the pressure hull and casing a highly streamlined form
 * Make the conning tower as small as possible
 * Replace fixed deck guns with retractable mounts housed in shuttered recesses when submerged.
 * Use steel plates for the upper deck rather than wood
 * Install underwater charging system (snorkel)
 * Fit large horizontal control surfaces at the stern instead of the more usual bow-mounted dive planes; this improved directional stability and may have decreased turbulence-induced drag.
 * Reduce the crew and crew accommodation to provide battery space; the Sen-Taka was designed for a crew of 31, compared to that the similar-sized Sen-Chu (54), and the Kai Dai 1 (60) Types (in practice the SenTaka needed a crew of 50 when it became operational, leading to an unforeseen habitation problem).
 * Restrict the armament, also to save space; the Sen-Taka had the same torpedo outfit as the smaller Sen-Chu 2nd class submarine, and just half that of the comparable Kaidai 1st class submarine. Also the Sen-Taka had no deck gun, and the AA armament carried had to be held in retractable mounts, requiring hull space, in order to meet the streamlining requirement.

The I-201 class bore little resemblance to earlier I-boats, which were optimized for long range and high surfaced speed. By contrast, the I-201 emphasized submerged performance. It featured powerful electric motors, streamlined all-welded hulls, and a large capacity battery consisting of 4,192 cells. The maximum underwater speed of 19 kn was double that of contemporary American designs. The I-201s, like other Japanese submarines of the period, were also equipped with a crude snorkel, allowing underwater diesel operation while recharging batteries.

I-201 displaced 1,291 tons surfaced and 1,451 tons submerged. It had a test depth of 360 ft. Armament consisted of four 53 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes and 10 Type 95 torpedoes. The two 25 mm anti-aircraft guns were housed in retractable mounts to maintain streamlining. The submarine was designed for mass production, with large sections prefabricated in factories and transported to the slip for final assembly.

Fate
Two submarines, I-201 and I-203, were seized and inspected by the US Navy at the end of the hostilities. They were part of a group of four captured submarines, including the giant I-400-class submarine and I-401, which were sailed to Hawaii by US Navy technicians for further inspection.

On 26 March 1946, the US Navy decided to scuttle these captured Japanese submarines to prevent the technology from falling into the hands of the Soviet Union. On 5 April 1946, I-202 was scuttled in Japanese waters. On 21 May 1946, I-203 was torpedoed and sunk by submarine USS Caiman (SS-323) off the Hawaiian Islands. On 23 May 1946, I-201 was torpedoed and sunk by USS Queenfish (SS-393). The Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory found the wreck of the I-201 near Hawaii using submersible craft in 2009.

Influences
The I-201 design and technology influenced Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force JDS Oyashio (1959).

In fiction
A refurbished I-203 is used by the characters in the film Hell and High Water (1954).

title: I-201-class submarine


text:
Alvin Purple

Alvin Purple is a 1973 Australian sex comedy film starring Graeme Blundell in the title role; the screenplay was written by Alan Hopgood and directed by Tim Burstall, through his production company Hexagon Productions and Village Roadshow. The film received largely negative reviews from local film critics. Despite this, it was a major hit with Australian audiences. Alvin Purple became the most commercially successful Australian film released to that time, breaking the box-office record previously set by Michael Powell's pioneering Anglo-Australian comedy feature They're a Weird Mob (1966), grossing $A4.7 million locally ($49 million in 2022).

Story synopsis
Alvin Purple is a sex-farce which follows the misadventures of a naïve young Melbourne man Alvin Purple, whom women find irresistible. Working as a door-to-door waterbed salesman, Alvin (unsuccessfully) tries to resist legions of women who want him.

Alvin is so worn-out he seeks medical help to solve his problems and consults Liz Sort, a female psychiatrist, who recommends him to Dr. McBurney. However the doctor is a devious charlatan who turns out to be even more sex-obsessed than Alvin, and Alvin ends up in court accused of running a brothel for making blue movies. Alvin ultimately falls in love with Tina, the one girl who does not throw herself at him. She becomes a nun, and Alvin ends up a gardener in the convent's gardens.

Cast

 * Graeme Blundell as Alvin Purple
 * George Whaley as Dr. McBurney
 * Jacki Weaver as Second Sugar Girl
 * Penne Hackforth-Jones as Dr. Liz Sort
 * Abigail as Girl in See-Through
 * Elli Maclure as Tina Donovan
 * Noel Ferrier as the Judge
 * Jill Forster as Mrs. Horwood
 * Lynette Curran as First Sugar Girl
 * Christine Amor as Peggy
 * Dina Mann as Shirley
 * Dennis Miller as Mr. Horwood
 * Fred Parslow as Alvin's Father
 * Valerie Blake as Alvin's Mother
 * Alan Finney as Spike Dooley
 * Elke Neidhardt as Woman in Blue Movie
 * Gary Down as Roger Hattam
 * Peter Aanensen as Ed Cameron
 * Jenny Hagen as Agnes Jackson
 * Kris McQuade as Samantha
 * Shara Berriman as kinky lady
 * Stan Monroe as Mrs Warren
 * Eileen Chapman as patient
 * Jan Friedl as Miss Guernsey
 * Barbara Taylor as Mrs Phillips
 * Anne Pendlebury as woman with pin
 * Boguslawa Alicia Chojnowska
 * Danny Webb as newsreader
 * Jon Finlayson as Liz's lawyer
 * John Smythe as Alvin's lawyer
 * Brian Moll as clerk of the court
 * Lynne Flanagan as foreman of jury
 * Peter Cummins as cab driver
 * Sally Conabere as second nun
 * Carole Skinner as Mother Superior

Background
Director Tim Burstall had worked extensively in film both locally and internationally in the 1960s, and in the late '60s he was closely involved in the foundation of the famous La Mama Theatre in Melbourne, established by his wife Betty Burstall.

La Mama Theatre was a major focus for the new wave of Australian drama that was emerging at that time, showcasing many new plays, performance pieces and films by people such as Jack Hibberd, Alex Buzo, David Williamson, Bert Deling and Burstall himself.

Burstall's first feature film, 2000 Weeks, was an ambitious contemporary drama about a writer, starring Mark McManus (of Taggart fame) and Jeanie Drynan, which was very notable at the time, being the first all-Australian feature film produced since Charles Chauvel's Jedda in 1954. Although it was reportedly well-received overseas, 2000 Weeks was panned by local critics and it failed disastrously at the box office.

The experience affected Burstall strongly and also influenced other directors and producers, including John B. Murray and Phillip Adams, who observed the hostile reaction to 2000 Weeks and who as a result took their film-making in a more populist direction, as Burstall soon did himself.

Burstall followed this film by a low-budget surfing feature Getting Back to Nothing (1970).

His next film, the contemporary comedy Stork (1971), was much more successful. As well as launching the cinema career of actor Bruce Spence, who played the title role, it was the first of many successful film adaptations of plays by renowned Australian dramatist David Williamson. Stork was adapted from Williamson's play The Coming of Stork, which had premiered at La Mama.

Development
In 1972, Burstall became a partner in a new film production company, Hexagon Productions. Their first project was meant to be Sittin, based on a script from David Williamson, but Williamson was still lecturing at the time as well as being inundated with other work and was not able to complete it in time; it eventually became Petersen (1974). Burstall then decided to make an Australian version of The Decameron, which was popular in cinemas at the time, and would enable Hexagon to take advantage of the new "R" certificate, which had been introduced to Australia in 1971. Another influence was Bedroom Mazurka.

Burstall considered 26 stories from writers such as Bob Ellis, Williamson, Barry Oakley and Frank Hardy before settling on Alvin Purple written by Alan Hopgood.

Hopgood had enjoyed considerable critical success in the early 1960s with his Aussie rules football satire And the Big Men Fly and he was well-known to TV audiences at the time for his long-running role as the town doctor in the ABC's Bellbird. He originally wrote Alvin Purple for the English company Tigon Films.

Hopgood's story was originally half comic, half serious, and Burstall originally envisioned it as a 20-minute section of a multi story picture. However he then decided to make the story strictly comic and expand it to feature length. Burstall says he rewrote much of Hopgood's script, adding many chases and the water bed sequence, and turning McBurney figure into a sex maniac. The original script played more emphasis on the relationship between Alvin and his virginal girlfriend but this was cut in the final film.

The budget was provided entirely by Hexagon—half from Roadshow, half from Burstall, Bilcock and Copping—apart from a short-term loan from the Australian Film Development Corporation, which was repaid before the film's release. Burstall cast Graeme Blundell in the lead: "I remember Bourkie [Roadshow executive Graham Burke] saying, 'You've got to cast somebody like Jack Thompson'. I said, 'Absolutely not. You've got to cast somebody who wouldn't, on the surface, seem a stud or even particularly attractive'. I actually thought that Alvin wasn't, that the comic element was connected with having a Woody Allen or a Dustin Hoffman figure who is not very obviously sexually attractive, and the girls rushing him. This becomes much funnier than if he was a stud figure." Blundell was paid A$500 a week (~A$5,200 in 2022, adjusted for inflation ) for the role.

Production
The film was shot over five and a half weeks in March and April 1973.

The score was composed by Brian Cadd who also wrote and performed the theme song.

Reception
Alvin Purple was a massive success and took A$4,720,000 at the box office in Australia, which is equivalent to ~A$49 million in 2022 dollars. This was the 7th-highest-grossing Australian film of all time when adjusted for inflation.

Alvin Purple was released in the United States under the title The Sex Therapist.

In 1979, Burstall said the film had returned $2.4 million to the exhibitors, $1.6 million to the distributors, who took $500,000, leaving Hexagon with $1.1 million. It was then sold to television for $40,000 in 1977.

In 2008, Catharine Lumby wrote a book about the film, in the Australian Screen Classics series.

Inside Alvin Purple
Upon its release, Alvin Purple was accompanied by a 48-minute promotional documentary, Inside Alvin Purple, directed by Brian Trenchard-Smith. This film was pulled from screening, due to censorship concerns, but was accepted after some cuts had been made.

Sequels and spin-offs
The film spawned a 1974 sequel, Alvin Rides Again, which toned down the sex scenes and nudity, and added more camp comedy, and a second follow-up, Melvin, Son of Alvin, in 1984.

There was also a situation comedy TV series of the same title produced by the ABC. It debuted on 19 August 1976.

Home media
Alvin Purple was released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in April 2011. The DVD is compatible with region codes 2 and 4 and includes special features such as the theatrical trailer, a picture gallery, the Inside Alvin Purple documentary and interviews with cast, Tim Burstall, Alan Finney, Robin Copping, Graeme Blundell, and Elli Maclure.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alvin Purple


text:
World Poker Tour season 1 results

Below are the results of season 1 of the World Poker Tour (2002–2003).

Five Diamond World Poker Classic

 * Casino: Bellagio, Paradise, Nevada
 * Buy-in: $10,000
 * 5-Day Event: May 27, 2002 to June 1, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 146
 * Total Prize Pool: $1,391,180
 * Number of Payouts: 18
 * Winning Hand: K-K

Legends of Poker

 * Casino: Bicycle Casino, Los Angeles
 * Buy-in: $5,000
 * 2-Day Event: August 30, 2002 to August 31, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 134
 * Total Prize Pool: $583,380
 * Number of Payouts: 10
 * Winning Hand: Q-Q

Ultimate Poker Classic

 * Casino: Palm Beach, Aruba
 * Buy-in:
 * 2-Day Event: October 9, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 100
 * Total Prize Pool: $74,400
 * Number of Payouts:4
 * Winning Hand: A-J

Costa Rica Classic

 * Casino: Casinos Europa, San José
 * Buy-in: $500 w/ $500 Re-buys
 * 1-Day Event: October 19, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 134
 * Total Prize Pool: $234,858
 * Number of Payouts: 10
 * Winning Hand: J-J

Gold Rush

 * Casino: Lucky Chances Casino, Colma, California
 * Buy-in: $3,000
 * 2-Day Event: November 10, 2002 to November 11, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 152
 * Total Prize Pool: $456,000
 * Number of Payouts: 18
 * Winning Hand: Q-8

World Poker Finals

 * Casino: Foxwoods Resort Casino, Mashantucket, Connecticut
 * Buy-in: $10,000
 * 3-Day Event: November 14, 2002 to November 17, 2002
 * Number of Entries: 89
 * Total Prize Pool: $915,000
 * Number of Payouts: 10
 * Winning Hand: A-9

World Poker Open

 * Casino: Binion's Horseshoe, Tunica, Mississippi
 * Buy-in: $10,000
 * 4-Day Event: January 28, 2003 to January 31, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 160
 * Total Prize Pool: $1,600,000
 * Number of Payouts: 27
 * Winning Hand: 6-5

Euro Finals of Poker

 * Casino: Aviation Club de France, Paris
 * Buy-in: €10,000 ($10,790)
 * 3-Day Event: February 12, 2003 to February 15, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 86
 * Total Prize Pool: €831,000 ($894,510)
 * Number of Payouts: 9
 * Winning Hand: K-2

L.A. Poker Classic

 * Casino: Commerce Casino, Los Angeles
 * Buy-in: $10,000
 * 4-Day Event: February 21, 2003 to February 24, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 136
 * Total Prize Pool: $1,360,000
 * Number of Payouts: 20
 * Winning Hand: A-J

Party Poker Million

 * Buy-in: $5,300
 * 1-Day Event: March 6, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 177
 * Total Prize Pool: $1,013,800
 * Number of Payouts: 9
 * Winning Hand: 10-3

World Poker Challenge

 * Casino: Reno Hilton, Reno
 * Buy-in: $5,000
 * 3-Day Event: March 31, 2003 to April 2, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 87
 * Total Prize Pool: $421,746
 * Number of Payouts: 9
 * Winning Hand: K-Q

WPT Championship

 * Casino: Bellagio, Las Vegas
 * Buy-in: $25,000
 * 5-Day Event: April 14, 2003 to April 18, 2003
 * Number of Entries: 111
 * Total Prize Pool: $2,691,750
 * Number of Payouts: 28
 * Winning Hand: 8-5

Other Events
During season 1 of the WPT there was one special event that did not apply to the Player of the Year standings:
 * The WPT Invitational – February 25–26, 2003 – Commerce Casino – postscript to Event #8: L.A. Poker Classic

title: World Poker Tour season 1 results


text:
Bewafaa (2005 film)

Bewafaa is a 2005 Indian musical romantic drama film starring Akshay Kumar, Anil Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor, Manoj Bajpayee, Sushmita Sen, Shamita Shetty and Kabir Bedi. The film is directed by Dharmesh Darshan, produced by Boney Kapoor and the music was composed by Nadeem–Shravan.

Plot
Anjali is the younger daughter of her Canadian-born mother and Indian father, living in Montreal, Quebec. She shares a healthy relationship with her parents and an equally loving bond with her elder sister, Aarti. Anjali develops an attraction toward a budding musician named Raja. Their acquaintance soon turns to love but Anjali keeps the relationship a secret from her parents, since Raja is not stable in his career and future as yet. Aarti assures Anjali and Raja that she will convince their parents of their true love.

Aarti is married to Aditya Sahani and the couple is expecting twins. Complications arise during the pregnancy and Aarti dies while giving birth to twin girls. While in mourning, and still unaware of her relationship with Raja, Anjali's parents suggest that she marry Aditya. Although she cannot bear the thought of being with anyone other than Raja, Anjali sacrifices her love for the sake of her nieces, marries Aditya and moves with her new family to New Delhi.

Aditya, still mourning for Aarti, is a business tycoon who hardly finds time for his sister-in-law-turned wife or his young daughters. Anjali fulfills the role of mother and wife, but cannot bridge the gap between herself and Aditya. She finds herself in a marriage that has no compatibility but only compromises. She stays in the passionless union for the sake of her nieces, whom she now considers her own.

Amidst all this, one day Raja, who has since become a famous fusion singer, walks back into her life. Anjali feels torn but starts spending time with him. Raja seeks to rekindle their relationship properly but Anjali cannot forget her husband and her children. Aditya returns from a business trip and he senses a change in Anjali, which he decides to look into by seeking the help of his friends, a flamboyant couple – Dil and Pallavi Arora. He learns the truth about Raja and Anjali's past and gives Anjali the freedom to choose between Raja and himself. Anjali ultimately chooses Aditya over Raja, not only because of her duty as a mother but also because she realises that she has come to love Aditya. Raja is heartbroken but he finally has closure, and he leaves to embark on a world tour.

Cast

 * Anil Kapoor as Aditya "Adi" Sahani
 * Akshay Kumar as Raja Bhosle
 * Kareena Kapoor as Anjali Verma Sahani
 * Sushmita Sen as Aarti Verma Sahani (Special appearance)
 * Manoj Bajpayee as Dil Arora
 * Shamita Shetty as Pallavi Arora
 * Kabir Bedi as Ambarkant Verma, Anjali's father
 * Nafisa Ali as Mrs. Verma, Anjali's mother
 * Supriya Karnik as Manju

Filming
Bewafaa was the first movie to be shot in Delhi Metro in November 2003.

Soundtrack
The Soundtrack of Bewafaa was composed by Nadeem–Shravan and the lyrics for the songs were penned by Sameer. Singers Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Udit Narayan, Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam, Ghulam Ali, Abhijeet, Shaan and Sapna Mukherjee lent their voices for the album. There are 8 songs in the album. The recording of the songs started in 2003 and were completed by mid 2004 as said by the composers in a 2004 interview. The song "Ek Dilruba" was recorded in three versions by the composers each representing different situations and different moods in the film. The soundtrack was released in December 2004. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 25,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's second highest-selling.

Critical reception
Marc Savlon of The Austin Chronicle gave the film 2 stars out of 5, writing ″The politics of adultery are a hot topic in every culture, but Bewafaa glosses over the most emotionally resonant echoes in favor of rafts of insanely uncatchy songs and a surreal sidestepping of the meat of the story: the cultural conventions that require Anjali to marry her late sister’s husband, an ultra-reserved businessman who sees the shade of his dead wife wherever he looks. It’s like Britney Spears marrying Wally Shawn. Come to think of it, there’s a movie in there somewhere. Just not this one.″ Anupama Chopra of India Today called the film ″outdated″ and ″old-fashioned in the worst sense of the word.″ Raja Sen of Rediff.com gave a negative review, writing ″Dharmesh Darshan might have a good box-office record, but he has never been a decent director. Here, however, he's made some pure tripe.″

title: Bewafaa (2005 film)


text:
Talk:Hong Kong Time

WikiProject Time assessment rating comment
Want to help write or improve articles about Time? Join WikiProject Time or visit the Time Portal for a list of articles that need improving.

—Yamara ✉  17:19, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

GMT
could this page also refer to HKT in terms of GMT - as this is cilvian. UTC is all well and good but you can't set your watch by it. 128.40.189.8 13:24, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

All China=GMT+8???
Editions saying that Hong Kong time is same as all China is often seen on this article. However, as far as I know, the time in Urumqi is GMT+7 instead of GMT+8. Therefore I insist on changing the phrase "same as China time" to "same as the time in most places of China". Deryck C. 12:02, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ürümqi is actually in the GMT +8 time zone as far as I know. — Instantnood 12:55, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * All of China should be GMT +8. How did you come to know it was GMT+7 for Urumqi?--Huaiwei 13:13, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it? The yellow pages in Hong Kong says Urumqi takes HKT-1. Deryck C. 13:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm....do you have an electronic version of it? :D Anyway, it might turn out to be an error which you could write to them about (and get a free gift?)! ;)--Huaiwei 13:59, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Nah, the yellow pages online doesn't come with the timezone features. Deryck C. 14:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It does . But Ürümqi isn't on the list. — Instantnood 14:33, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Eeeeeeekk All of them says Urumqi GMT+8. Deryck C. 14:50, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Right. But the many articles on the Internet says there is some "adjustment" in places like Ürümqi, for instance, the office hour is behind that along the coast for an hour or two.  You may also be interested to know that the ROC designated five time zones for it claimed territories. — Instantnood 15:27, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

ROC time zones
What are they and when can I read more about that? Deryck C. 17:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * See talk:Chinese Standard Time. :-) — Instantnood 17:25, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

(quoted text)

This article taken from a government document says the Republic of China has five time zones for its claimed territories, that is +5.5, +6, +7 + 8 and +8.5. — Instantnood 01:21, Jun 11, 2005 (UTC)

(end of quote)

Well, that was the ROC regime of China with Sun Yat-sen still alive. Deryck C. 17:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not really. When Dr. Sun was alive the ROC was under control of warlords. ;-) — Instantnood 18:31, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

my edits
re --Jiang 08:17, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) per Only_make_links_that_are_relevant_to_the_context, "time zone" does not need to be linked twice in the article. It should be linked in the text where possible.
 * 2) I don't see how HK's status as being part of the PRC is relevant here. Hong Kong Time existed long before HK became a SAR.
 * 3) The pipe link "mainland China|the rest of China" is inappropriate because it implies MO and TW are not part of China.

 * In normal speech, we should tell the users some bginfo - HK is part of China. This is used even in envelopes. The rest of my edits satisfy both your principles as stated above and my assertions. -- De ryc k C.  08:23, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Country is only necessary if it is not common knowledge. People might not know about a Manning in South Carolina (and thus the city will always be presented as "Manning, South Carolina"), but the location of Hong Kong is common knowledge. "Hong Kong, China" is redundant.--Jiang 07:20, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * See if Instantnood's recent edit can satisfy your criteria. -- De ryc k C.  07:32, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

yes, Instantnood's edit is fine with me--Jiang 23:51, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Although I'm still quite not convinced by your statement "location of Hong Kong is common knowledge (that doesn't need to be stated)". Even on envelopes and newsletters and even common speech we write "China" after "Hong Kong". -- D e  ryc  k C.  04:11, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Jiang, as an admin, please don't abuse the rollback function to revert non-vandalism. -- D e  ryc  k C.  07:23, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Based on a news search, the first few blurbs I received: "A Hong Kong conglomerate that has won a federal contract..." "Hong Kong Customs officers of Lo Wu cross-border..." "Department says a Sri Lankan teenager deported from New Zealand two years ago has been accepted as a refugee by the United Nations and is living in Hong Kong." "Another bird has died of the HN51 strain of avian influenza in Hong Kong, agriculture authorities said." "The fair, which took place from 22 – 24 March 2006 at the Hong Kong Convention & Exhibition Centre..." "A team from the Public Transport Department at the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA), recently visited Hong Kong to closely study the public transport ..." "Nury Vittachi, a journalist and novelist, recalls the dire state of Hong Kong's English-language literary scene a decade ago" "Li Ka-shing's nickname is "Superman'' and when the tycoon talks, Hong Kong listens ..."

None of them state "Hong Kong, China". --Jiang 07:53, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

In addition to the arguments Jiang has presented, the matter is even more tricky since no where in constitutional or other legal documents are special administrative regions, or Hong Kong specifically, defined as ordinary subnational entities. — Instantnood 12:58, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Hong Kong, China
There have been a continued reversion dispute between Deryck Chan,  Alanmak and  Jiang, concerning whether we should put "China" after Hong Kong. Please discuss here. Outside comment is, of course, greatly welcome.

 * IMO even in envelope writing we have "China" after "Hong Kong". This can show it's not enough "common" of a common knowledge that Hong Kong is part of China, and that "China" should be kept. -- D e  ryc  k C.  01:47, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * addendum: I believe RfC would be a better option since both sides stand quite still. D  e  ryc  k C.  01:49, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Sorry, I failed to notice that you responded to me in the discussion above after I posted that I agreed to Instantnood's edit.

Envelopes are not indicative of "common knowledge". It is simply convention to include the name of the country on envelopes that are headed out of the country. Look at common discourse for indicators. There was discussion here on whether US city articles needed to carry the "state" in the title.--Jiang 08:00, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Of course we don't mention it in the title. But do we mention it in the context? I think yes. -- D e  ryc  k C.  04:32, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * see links to news articles above. You always mention the country or state for obscure places, but for world class cities, it is not necessary--Jiang 07:31, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I agree with this point, so if you can ask for Alanmak's consent concerning your point, I'll let you delete the word. -- D e  ryc  k C.  15:51, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

There is no such thing as his "consent" or your "permission". Decisions are based on consensus. Alanmak will have to come to this talk page himself and provide reasons for including it if he wants it to stay.--Jiang 17:22, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Timezone info for coders with infobox
I was bold and added an infobox with a summary of timezone information, including the main thing I was searching for when I came across this page, and that is the Serial that coders use in languages like PHP to choose the timezone. I also added this information in the body of the article, with appropriate references. Hope you think this is as useful as I do, it seems something that should be added to all "time" pages that are about the cities in the Timezone Serial names. Craiglambie (talk) 15:00, 24 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hong Kong Time


text:
And-Jëf/Revolutionary Movement for New Democracy

And-Jëf/Revolutionary Movement for New Democracy (in French: And-Jëf/Mouvement Révolutionnaire pour la Démocratie Nouvelle) was a Marxist-Leninist political party in Senegal.

And-Jëf (Wolof for 'Act Together') was founded by Reenu-Rew at a clandestine congress on December 28, 1974.

Most of the leadership, including the main leader Landing Savané, was jailed in 1975. Savané was released in 1976, and resumed political activity.

And-Jëf was very active within the trade union movement UTLS.

In March 1980 And-Jëf started the publication Jaay Doolé Bi (The Proletarian).

In July 1981 the group was registered as a legal political party under the name And-Jëf/MRDN.

In 1991 And-Jëf/MRDN was one of the founding members of And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism (AJ/PADS).


text:
Eye of Cat

Eye of Cat is a 1982 science fiction novel by American writer Roger Zelazny. It was among his five personal favorite novels from his own oeuvre.

Plot summary
When the galaxy's most skilled hunter is asked to use his skill to protect an important political mission, he realizes that he needs specialized aid. Thus Billy Singer must seek the shape-shifting telepathic creature only known as Cat, whom he had caught and trapped for a museum. Cat agrees to help on the condition that, once the mission is over, he be given the chance to hunt his former captor. Billy accepts Cat's offer. However, Billy has been growing increasingly fatalistic in the time leading up to the story, and originally offers to let Cat kill him with no struggle. Cat, a hunter, refuses, encouraging Billy to flee. Billy does so, but remains fatalistic, with Cat reading in his mind a wish to die and his foreknowledge of a final location. Billy must reconcile his personal chindi to evade Cat. Billy turns increasingly primitive, away from the technology of the day, and eventually returns to his Navajo roots. Traveling across the world using teleportation technology, he eventually comes to Canyon de Chelly where he regresses to a state where he can, or believes he can, walk in the spirit world. At the same time, a collection of psychics try to pool their powers to help him and to attack Cat. Cat is able to kill one by destroying his mind, but even so the dead man seems to linger as a part of their group consciousness.

Billy is eventually able to kill Cat, but then has to face his chindi, who is his death wish, in a battle that pits him against his own shadow. The novel ends with Billy apparently united with his other self.

title: Eye of Cat


text:
Cudworth

Cudworth may refer to:

Places

 * Cudworth, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Cudworth, Somerset, England
 * Cudworth, South Yorkshire, England
 * Cudworth, Surrey, England
 * Cudworth Manor, Surrey, England
 * Cudworth Airport, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Cudworth Municipal Airport, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Cudworth railway station, Cudworth, South Yorkshire, England

People

 * Cudworth (surname)
 * Georgie Cudworth - fictional character in "Dangerfield (TV series)"
 * Benjamin Cudworth Yancey Jr. (1817–91), American lawyer, politician, soldier, and diplomat
 * Norman Cudworth Armitage (1907–72), American saber fencer

Organisations

 * Cudworth and Woodworth, architectural firm, Norwich, Connecticut, United States
 * Cudworth Village F.C., football club, South Yorkshire, England

title: Cudworth


text:
Ravenscar, North Yorkshire

Ravenscar is a coastal village in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It is within the civil parish of Staintondale and the North York Moors National Park, and is 10 mi north of Scarborough.

A National Trail, the 110 mi Cleveland Way, passes through Ravenscar, which is also the eastern terminus of the Lyke Wake Walk. The official end of the walk is at a point where the path meets the coast road.

History
Ravenscar was the location of a late 4th century Roman signal station, part of a chain that extended along the Yorkshire coast.

To the north of the village is the old Peak alum works, now a National Trust site, but once an important part of the dyeing industry. The last alum works at Ravenscar closed down in 1871 after the invention of a synthetic dye fixer.

At the edge of the village is a disused windmill, Peak Mill, which dates from 1858.

Until the early 20th century Ravenscar was known as 'Peak' or 'The Peak'.

At the turn of the 19th–20th century, plans were made to turn the village into a holiday resort to rival nearby Scarborough. Roads were laid out, some houses were built and sewers were laid. Because of the long trek to its rocky beach, Ravenscar never achieved popularity, and the development was left unfinished – a town with sewers and streets but no houses.

The village was served by Ravenscar railway station between 1885 and 1965.

Peak House/Raven Hall
In 1540, a farm known as Peak House owned by the Beswick family occupied the site of a 5th-century Roman fort. In 1774 Raven Hall was built on the site for Captain William Childs of London, a captain in the King's Regiment of Light Dragoons, who came to Yorkshire with the army and became the owner of the Alum Works at Ravenscar. On his death in 1829 the hall passed to his daughter Ann Willis, whose family (headed by Dr Francis Willis) had become wealthy from treating George III and other royalty for their medical conditions. Ann's son, the eccentric Rev Dr Richard Willis, built the gardens and battlements which surround the house. In 1845 the property passed into the hands of William Hammond of London.

Hammond became a prominent local benefactor, building the village church and the windmill. He became a director of the Scarborough to Whitby railway line, insisting that it passed through his property via a tunnel and that Ravenscar should have a station.

On his widow's death in 1890 the estate was sold to the Peak Estate Company for development as a holiday resort. The house was extended for use as a hotel from 1895, and its golf course opened in 1898. It was sold by auction in 1911 after the company went bankrupt, and after several changes of ownership and use as a billet in wartime it was acquired by the present owners, who are associated with Classic Hotels.

Popular culture
The name of the village is featured in a double episode (The Swords of Wayland) of the 1980s television show, Robin of Sherwood. The locations for Ravenscar, as featured in the episodes, were filmed at Cornwall and Somerset. The exterior of Ravenscar Castle was Saint Michael's Mount, and the interior, in particular the room where the seven swords were kept, was Wells Cathedral. Scenes for the German TV crime drama, The Search were filmed on location in Ravenscar in 2020.

The comic book anti-hero John Constantine was committed to the (fictional) Ravenscar Lunatic Asylum in the Hellblazer series of comics after a disastrous summoning. He returned there throughout the series.

The fictional character Roger Comstock in the Baroque Cycle by Neal Stephenson has the royal title "Marquis of Ravenscar".

title: Ravenscar, North Yorkshire


text:
CRT projector

A CRT projector is a video projector that uses a small, high-brightness cathode ray tube (CRT) as the image generating element. The image is then focused and enlarged onto a screen using a lens kept in front of the CRT face. The first color CRT projectors came out in the early 1950s. Most modern CRT projectors are color and have three separate CRTs (instead of a single, color CRT), and their own lenses to achieve color images. The red, green and blue portions of the incoming video signal are processed and sent to the respective CRTs whose images are focused by their lenses to achieve the overall picture on the screen. Various designs have made it to production, including the "direct" CRT-lens design, and the Schmidt CRT, which employed a phosphor screen that illuminates a perforated spherical mirror, all within an evacuated cathode ray tube.

The image in the Sinclair Microvision flat CRT is viewed from the same side of the phosphor struck by the electron beam. The other side of the screen can be connected directly to a heat sink, allowing the projector to run at much brighter power levels than the more common CRT arrangement.

Though systems utilizing projected video at one time almost exclusively used CRT projectors, they have largely been replaced by other technologies such as LCD projection and Digital Light Processing. Improvements in these digital video projectors, and their subsequent increased availability and desirability, resulted in a drastic decline of CRT projector sales by the year 2009. , very few (if any) new units are manufactured, though a number of installers do sell refurbished units, generally higher-end 8" and 9" models.

Some of the first CRT projection tubes were made in 1933, and by 1938 CRT projectors were already in use in theaters.

Advantages

 * Long service life; CRTs maintain good brightness to 10,000 hours, although this depends on the contrast adjustment setting of the projector. A projector that is set to a lower maximum brightness will generally last longer.
 * No bulbs to replace after only a couple thousand hours (as with xenon-backlit DLP and LCD); however, CRT projectors can accumulate burn-in if set to a high contrast value and/or displaying static content over time
 * High-end CRT projectors can precisely display images up to 1920 x 1200. The Barco 912 claims an addressable resolution of 3200 x 2560, but with a bandwidth of 180 MHz it is not able to resolve fine detail at this resolution with the same clarity as other display technologies would, without lowering the refresh rate or enabling interlacing.
 * Because of the good black levels, CRT projectors are good contenders to be used in edge-blend setups. DLP and LCD projector edge blend setups show a visible gray seam in the middle in dark scenes. Because of their 4:3 picture tubes, edge-blended CRTs use a larger surface area of the tubes when showing video in a cinemascope aspect ratio, which reduces uneven wear and yields higher total brightness. CRT projector stacking is also possible.
 * Superior overall black level compared to LCD- and DLP-based projectors; however, some smaller air-coupled CRT projectors exhibit an effect known as blooming or haloing around bright objects displayed on a dark background
 * As with CRT monitors, the image resolution and the refresh rate are not fixed but variable within some limits. Interlaced material can be played directly, without need for imperfect deinterlacing mechanisms.
 * Zero input lag and zero motion blur, which makes them very suitable for video games of all kinds, as well video with fast motion (for example football or other sports)
 * Many CRT projectors are multiscan-capable, with a horizontal frequency range starting at 15 KHz in the bottom end, on some projectors going all the way up to 150 or 180 KHz. This means that CRT projectors are resolution compatible with a lot of video sources, including standard-definition TV and retro games (15.7 KHz), VCRs, arcade games (15.7, 24 and 31 KHz), older VGA computers (31 KHz), modern computers (typically 48 KHz for 768p60, 68 KHz for 768p85, 67 KHz for 1080p60 or 137 KHz for 4k60), HDTV (45 KHz for 720p60, 28 KHz for 1080i50, 67 KHz for 1080p60), modern video game consoles, and more, without the need for upscaling or downscaling. This is advantageous over for example CRT computer monitors, of which all the ones from the mid-90s or later are also multisync capable, but have a lower frequency limit of 30 KHz, making 480p60 or 240p120 the lowest resolution possible, thus needing upscaling to work with retro games and arcade games.
 * CRT projectors do not show a rainbow effect seen with single chip DLP projectors.
 * CRT projectors are made of three separate monochrome picture tubes, aimed, focused, converged on the same screen, thus there is no screen-door effect whatsoever (however a properly set up CRT projector showing a small resolution (for example 240p as used in older video games) is able to show distinctly sharp scan lines with black areas in between
 * Some CRT projectors, like the Dwin 500 and 700, include no fans and are much quieter than comparable LCD or DLP projectors. Many CRT projectors feature large-size fans and temperature control and some can be easily modified for quieter and/or better performing cooling. The components in CRT projectors feature large surface areas compared to compact, bright Xenon-bulb lit DLP or LCD projectors.
 * Three separate lenses reduce the risk of running into chromatic aberration problems in the corners of the picture, because each lens can be adjusted separately to account for three different wavelengths

Disadvantages

 * CRT projectors are both considerably larger and heavier than comparable LCD and DLP projectors.
 * CRT projectors require far more time to set up and adjust than LCD and DLP based projectors.
 * Absolute ANSI brightness achievable with CRT projectors is lower than with comparable lamp or laser illuminated LCD, LcOS and DLP projectors. As an example, the brightest CRT projectors for home use were capable of 1,500 ANSI lumens. In contrast, projectors for home use are capable of 2,600 or more lumens. However, brightness and contrast is measured differently between different types of projectors. In addition, some users find overly bright images uncomfortable to watch, and therefore choose to adjust the lamp output power to a lower value. While maximum achievable brightness is lower on a CRT projector, a CRT's contrast ratio makes it easier to adjust contrast/brightness settings without getting a washed out picture from a lamp that is unnecessarily powerful. Bright projectors are suitable for venues.
 * Low-end or poorly tuned CRT projectors may suffer from color divergence or geometric distortion (for example, straight lines may not always appear completely straight, especially near the corners). However, CRT projectors offer more options for adjusting and counteracting geometrical inaccuracies. This is in contrast to other projector technologies, where moiré is an issue due to adjustments being software-based and applied directly to the DMD raster. Because CRT projectors use monochrome tubes, geometry adjustments do not have to line up with a raster on the tube faces, as the raster is generated by the electron beam itself. Software-based geometry adjustments in digital projectors do not only create an unsharp and scaled picture, it also forces the picture to be electronically buffered and processed, which adds input lag.
 * CRT projectors use more power/cost more to run than LCD and DLP units. It is, however, comparable to plasma displays, which are also comparable in picture quality and performance.
 * Unlike LCD or DLP projectors, CRT projectors are more prone to burn-in, if set to relatively a high contrast value and/or displaying static content for extended periods of time. This can lead to issues in brightness uniformity on projectors that frequently use both a full 4:3 and widescreen aspect ratio, as well as a change in colour temperature as the blue (and green) phosphors wear faster than the red. Overall burn-in is also a problem when moving or buying/selling CRT projectors, as different locations and different setups end up using different portions of the surface of the picture tubes.

Projector CRTs can be either air or liquid coupled. Air-coupled projector CRTs have a front flat face that also acts as a container with coolant, and there is an air gap between the face of the CRT and the flat back lens used for projecting the image formed by the CRT onto a screen. Liquid-coupled projector CRTs have a curved-inwards face with coolant and (on the side that faces the CRT's electron gun) a screen that is curved towards the inside with a dichroic coating, the coating increases light output while the curvature conforms it to the curved back lens of the projector, reducing image halos. There is also no air gap between the CRT and the lens. Glycol is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) even through the silicon seals used in the CRTs to contain the glycol. This means that eventually the glycol can have too much water, breaking the glass of the container when it expands due to heat. This mainly affects air-coupled CRTs as in these the air bubble is on the same space as the container while liquid-coupled CRTs are not as affected since they have separate flexible silicone bellows which form the air bubble. The glycol may also react with the aluminum in the CRT cooling system and crystallize over many cooling and heating cycles creating CRT fungus, which degrades image quality since its optical properties are different than that of the surrounding glycol.

title: CRT projector


text:
File:LangleyBrownVase.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Brown Metallic finish Vase. 1924

180mm high ovoid shape vase in a dark brown ground with dark green, blue and red "Egyptian" style pattern.

title: File:LangleyBrownVase.jpg


text:
File:LangleyBlossomVases.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Turquoise Vase and Blue & Cream Vase

Wide 150mm high vase with strongly flared neck. Dark blue neck. Cream combed body. lncised & gilded wild rose blossom pattern in white & salmon with grey-green leaves. Buff clay with clear glaze interior. 1923. Pattern No. 2078.

Conical shape 150mm high vase with slightly flared neck. Dark brown neck - dark turquoise combed body with incised and gilded wild rose pattern in white & beige. Grey green leaves. Buff clay with clear glaze interior. c1915.

title: File:LangleyBlossomVases.jpg


text:
File:LangleySorayaPot.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Soraya Pot. c1968-77 130mm diameter.

title: File:LangleySorayaPot.jpg


text:
User talk:Red october

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Halton Regional Police Service
Hey there,

Did you take this picture? If so, and if it's possible for you, can you take another of a more recent model crusier? That just stuck out at me when reading the article. I think the newer crusiers look a lot nicer. You might also want to add a copyright tag to it.

I noticed a some of your edits were directly copied from the HRPS web site. Unless you actually wrote the stuff for HRPS, you can't post it on Wikipedia unfortunately. Check out these pages. Not a big deal, but I'm going to revert those few edits. Lemme know if you have any problems though. Just another note about your edits, it's easier for people to read the history of an article when you use edit summaries. If possible, try to make most of your edits all together rather than in many different edits. :-) Regards, Mrtea 13:21, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm I guess I was just taking a quick glance at that photo. On closer inspection it looks fine to me. Maybe it seemed like an odd angle to me or something at the time.. so worries it looks good. Sorry for taking so long to respond to you, just got back from a two week vacation to Europe. See you around, Mrtea 17:48, 2 September 2005 (UTC) PS: Those ranking epaulettes you added look great

Untagged image
An image you uploaded, Image:TorontoPoliceCrest.gif, was tagged with the coatofarms copyright tag. This tag was deleted because it does not actually specify the copyright status of the image. The image may need a more accurate copyright tag, or it may need to be deleted. If the image portrays a seal or emblem, it should be tagged as seal. If you have any questions, ask them at Media copyright questions. -- 15:21, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:CDNPolice-ep-supt.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:CDNPolice-ep-supt.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self-no-disclaimers tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 15:04, 2 April 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.
 * This also applies for these images:
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-chief.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-dchief.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-insp.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-pc.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-sgt.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-sinsp.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-ssgt.jpg
 * Image:CDNPolice-ep-ssupt.jpg
 * If you can, state their source and licensing information. Thanks! --Strangerer (Talk) 15:04, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Image:HaltonRegionalPoliceServiceCruiser.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:HaltonRegionalPoliceServiceCruiser.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Videmus Omnia Talk  04:46, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Red october


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Nicholas Cimini

Nicholas, as far as I can tell his criticism seems fair - the material that you were adding *was* POV and for the few that I looked at, I didn't see that many efforts on your part to make it better. So I understand it being rejected as a whole.

Plus, vandalism and personal attacks *are* off limits (*especially* vandalism).

However, I still think a RfC is a bit extreme, since there is (as far as I can tell) only one other wikipedian involved. Flammifer 12:10, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Please see the Discussion Page and the History page in their actual contexts. Mr Newbury's selective presentation of the dispute does nobody any favours. His accusations are totally unfounded. And I think this is a case of the pot calling the kettle black. --Nicholas 12:15, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

I've already looked at the talk page, though I haven't analyzed the history in detail. I'm certainly no expert on postmodern music, but the bit you were adding doesn't look very NPOV to me. *And* vandalism is still definitely off-limits. It's not something normal wikipedians do. And [|this] definitely looks like some kind of vandalism.

I just think a RfC is a bit excessive, and this one will probably go nowhere anyway, since Stirling is the only one complaining.

Also, if you want to make your case, pointing out what behaviour of stirling is objecitonable too, by pointing to certain specific edits will be much more effective than saying "his accusations are totally unfounded" or "it's the pot calling the kettle black". Flammifer 12:26, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

I think "vandalism" is a little strong in this context. Mr Newbury could very easily be accused of vandalism, for refusing to co-operate with the improvement of the article. He accepts that the article is biased in its current state but he refuses to do anything about it. He is unwilling to discuss the actual content of the debated material, choosing instead to focus on "verbiage" which I have moderated with my edits. I hate to take things out of their context but compare my first attempt to insert the debated material [], with the most recent []. There is a big difference! But both have been completely deleted. There are so many problems with the debated article, that its almost unreadable, but Mr Newbury seems intent on deleting only the material that doesn't conform to his POV. And he does not wish to discuss the actual content of the debated material.--Nicholas 12:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Hmm, saying that you deleting several portions of the article without explanation or prior discussion is vandalism is "a little strong in this context", but somebody refusing to accept your changes and work on them can "easily be accused of vandalism", eh ? :)
 * Sorry but when i deleted references to Adorno I explained the deletion. And likewise my other deletions. The explanations are on the talk page and in the blurb above the history of those particular edits.--Nicholas 13:32, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

There *is* some progress between the two edits you show, but the second one still looks pretty POV. The first one being even more so doesn't strike me as a particularly good argument. If you really want to improve the article, you could look up what some art critic or professor has to say about postmodern music, and paraphrase that : "Professor Shmink has observed in his book, 'echoes of modernity' that postmodern music does not ..." - that would be more encyclopedic. It doesn't have to be your own POV that you add, no matter how accurate you think it is. Flammifer 13:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Postmodern intellectuals might write about "postmodern music" but i doubt that others would even consider the idea. The majority of them are discussing real issues, like poverty, inequality and war and such like. They have bigger fish to fry. Thus it will be extremely difficult to find references for this section of the paper.--Nicholas 13:34, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That seems like hyperbole. Are you saying that there are no critics of postmodernity besides yourself?
 * You may find Cite sources helpful. To insist that this opinion in not supportable through citation is to argue that your addition is original research. Please see: No original research. Hyacinth 19:02, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No Hyacinth, I never said that. However I am saying that I've yet to find any references for critics who focus on "postmodern music". Of course people critise postmodernism (Habermas, Giddens, Beck, Callinicos, Harvey, amongst others.). I think it's less likely that they would criticise "postmodern music".--Nicholas 09:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Can anyone tell me what happens with this page? I believe that Mr Newbury's is the only signature which is valid (since he has sought to provide proof of his role in the dispute), and thus this page should be deleted. Am i correct in presuming this? When will this page be deleted? --Nicholas 17:35, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Critical section
For opinions regarding the necessity of an entire section that is critical vs criticism within each section, see Criticism. Hyacinth 19:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Can we have this page deleted? The Request for comment was not successful and yet this page remains --Nicholas 16:14, 11 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
User:Cajist

New to contributing to Wikipedia, but not new to Wikipedia itself.

I'm currently working on smoothing out grammatical errors from those kind enough to contribute to the English Wikipedia, but whom are not quite at the same level as a native writer.

title: User:Cajist


text:
File:LangleyOsbourneJug.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Osbourne Ware Jug. c1910/16

190mm high. Dark blue upper, light blue lower with white, green and tan pattern. Gilding around rim, handle and waist. Side holes at top of rim. Unmarked pewter swinging weighted lid/cover pin hinged in side holes.

title: File:LangleyOsbourneJug.jpg


text:
File:LangleyBrownFernPot.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Brown Fern Pot. c1883-90

115mm tall, reddish brown with incised decoration of pinkish cream four petalled flowers and beige leaves. Darker buff clay with clear glaze interior.

title: File:LangleyBrownFernPot.jpg


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Chaffcombe

Chaffcombe is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 2 mi north east of Chard in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 229.

History
The name of the village probably comes from a Saxon settler and means "Ceaffa's valley". After the Norman Conquest Chaffcombe was granted to the Bishop of Coutances under whom it was held by Ralph le Sor until it was acquired by Oliver Avenel (died 1226) and inherited by his descendants until 1613 when John Poulett of Hinton St George became lord of the manor and stayed in the Poulett family until 1913.

The parish of Chaffcombe was part of the South Petherton Hundred.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Chard Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Landmarks
Avishays on Whiteway Hill is a large detached house which was partly built in the 17th century, but substantially altered between 1745 and 1759. The building was first recorded in 1316 as Aveneleseigh, from Oliver Avenel, and then changed hands many times. In the 17th century the Browne family leased it to the Sealy family, who purchased it in 1697, thereafter descendants of the Sealy family held it until it was sold to a Chard solicitor, Edward Clarke, in 1859. In the grounds are an 18th-century former stables and coach house, ice house and various other outbuildings.

The Clock Turret about 180 metres east of Avishays, which is also known as the Monmouth Tower or The Castle, is a 19th-century folly. It stands on the site of a former sham castle which had fallen into ruin, and served as a water tower as well as having a clock on the west side facing the house. The clock, which has a hand wound mechanism, was built by Gillett and Johnson of Croydon and was originally at Highclere Castle in Hampshire. The name Monmouth Tower comes from the escape of Elias Sealy, who owned the house, a follower of the Duke of Monmouth during the Monmouth Rebellion, who hid in a tree in the grounds when the troops of James II came looking for him.

Religious sites
The Anglican parish Church of St Michael and All Angels has a tower which partly dates from the 15th century, the remainder being rebuilt under J. M. Allen between 1857 and 1860. It has been designated as a Grade II* listed building. There is a copy of Raphael's Madonna and Child in the north aisle, which was acquired in 1901.

title: Chaffcombe


text:
File:LangleyBlueFernPot.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Blue Fern Pot. c1883-90

100mm light blue fern pot with beige incised unpainted maple leaf pattern and neck ring.

title: File:LangleyBlueFernPot.jpg


text:
Steilmann

Steilmann was a German textile group which had its headquarters in Wattenscheid (Bochum) and at its 1998 peak employed over 18,000 people. After near-bankruptcy in 2006 broke up the group, some parts continue to use the Steilmann name.

Founded in 1958 by Klaus Steilmann (1929–2009), the Steilmann Group at its peak in 1998 employed over 18,000 people in 14 countries, and had turnover of nearly 1.5bn DM. With increasing difficulties from increased competition in the sector after 1998, Steilmann narrowly avoided bankruptcy in 2006, its parts being sold to the Radici Group (Miro Radici AG), which had previously acquired parts of Steilmann, including Steilmann Eastern Europe in 2003.

Klaus Steilmann died on 13 November 2009.

title: Steilmann


text:
Mike Munro

Michael Kenneth Munro, (born 12 April 1953), is an Australian journalist and television presenter.

Early life
Munro cites a tough childhood—with an abusive and alcoholic mother—as one of the main reasons behind his motivation to succeed. Munro attended Sacred Heart Primary School in Mosman, New South Wales, and Marist Catholic College North Shore in North Sydney. He began his career at 17 as a copyboy on The Daily Mirror in 1971. He stayed in newspapers for 7 years, before trying television and not liking it. So he returned to newspapers when Rupert Murdoch sent him to New York to work in the NewsCorp bureau writing for newspapers in Great Britain and Australia.

Television career
In 1982, he returned to Sydney and television, where he started as a senior reporter in the Channel 10 newsroom. In 1984, he joined the Nine Network and Mike Willesee on the Willesee current affairs program. Two years later he replaced George Negus as the fifth male reporter on 60 Minutes, where he remained for the next seven years, becoming well known for his interviews with celebrities, including Madonna, Barbra Streisand, Bette Midler and Katharine Hepburn.

Munro became a reporter and later the host of A Current Affair. In 1996, Munro was the reporter at the centre of the infamous Paxton family expose. Munro was replaced as the host of the show in 2003. His then boss, Peter Meakin subsequently described Munro's situation/demeanour at that time as "a little on the nose, a little out of favour, a little too brash". Meakin added that he did "really admire his (Munro's) courage and his grace" ... "in those last few months at A Current Affair because he did a brilliant job" even when he knew he was going to lose the role. Munro said he lost the job because he was continually complaining to management about A Current Affair becoming 'A Consumer Affair' and no longer doing serious investigations, instead focusing on consumer and diet stories. For Munro, the final straw came on the night he had to introduce another reporter's story on a toothbrush survey.

He is synonymous with the biographical show This Is Your Life, which he hosted from 1995 until 2005 and then again in 2008.

In 2005 he replaced Georgie Gardner on National Nine News Afternoon Edition. In 2006 he stepped down from National Nine News Afternoon Edition but continued to present Sydney's National Nine News weekend news, he remained in this position until 2008.

Also in 2006, Munro hosted the television series Missing Persons Unit and What a Year, alongside Megan Gale, which first aired on the Nine Network on 2 October 2006. But in 2007, they were replaced by Bert Newton and Julia Zemiro and since then the show had been axed.

On 26 October 2008, Munro resigned from the Nine Network after 22 years with the network.

On 7 January 2009, he signed a three-year contract with rival Seven Network to become the founding host of a new current affairs program Sunday Night. In addition to this, he also substituted for David Koch on the top-rating breakfast show, Sunrise.

In January 2014, Network Ten announced that Munro had joined the network. On 9 February 2014, he commenced as the presenter of Ten Eyewitness News Weekend. Munro later resigned in protest from Network Ten, after completing his 12-month contract, due to dozens of staff being retrenched from the news department.

In 2014, Munro was made a member of the Order of Australia for his community work and services to journalism.

In 2017, Munro hosted and helped to produce a four part science-based documentary series for Foxtel's History Channel on Bushrangers. Lawless - The Real Bushrangers The four episodes featured the crime scenes of Ned Kelly, Ben Hall, Captain Moonlite, and the Kenniff brothers. One of the one-hour specials included Munro's great uncles, Paddy and Jimmy Kenniff, one of whom was hanged in Brisbane jail in 1903 after being convicted of murdering a police constable and a station manager in the Carnarvon Ranges in Queensland.

In 2018, Munro hosted Mateship – Australia & USA: A Century Together, a one-hour documentary on Foxtel's History channel celebrating 100 years of the close bonds that unite Australia and America. Since 4 July 1918, the United States of America and Australia have never fought a major war without each other. It is one of the longest alliances in modern history.

In August 2019 HarperCollins published Munro's book, The Last Bushrangers: When History Becomes Personal — The Story of the Murderous Kenniff Gang.

Honours
In the 2014 Queen's Birthday Honours List, Munro was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia (AM), for "significant service to journalism as a television current affairs reporter and presenter, and to the community as an ambassador for a range of charitable organisations".

Personal life
Munro is married to Lea, and they have two children.

title: Mike Munro


text:
File:LangleyBulbBowl.jpg

Langley Mill Pottery, UK, Green Bulb Bowl. c1931-39

150mm by 75mm high. Light green. 4 lobed.

title: File:LangleyBulbBowl.jpg


text:
Charlton Horethorne

Charlton Horethorne is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 5 mi south-west of Wincanton and 5 mi north-east of Sherborne in the neighbouring county of Dorset. The village has a population of 591. The parish also includes Stowell.

The village lies on the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath that approximates the escape route taken by King Charles II in 1651 after being defeated in the Battle of Worcester.

Charlton Horethorne in the 21st century is a village with successful businesses, a primary school and a village hall that was purchased in 1923 from the Army as a memorial to the fallen in the First World War. Despite its age and the fact that it was previously used as a wooden mess hall, it is used on a frequent and regular basis by a wide range of groups and activities.

The village benefits from the presence of The Village Shop and a pub called The Kings Arms that offers food and accommodation.

History
The village was originally known just as Charlton, meaning "the farmers settlement" and then known as Charlton Kanville by 1225. In 1084 Horethorn was added coming from "Hareturna" meaning "grey thornbush". The parish was part of the hundred of Horethorne.

Evidence of early human occupation of the parish is provided by three Bronze-Age barrows and a possible Iron-Age camp on the escarpment near Sigwells, an area to the west of the village where Mesolithic and Romano-British material has also been found. Around 950 the manor belonged to Wynflaed (d. c. 950), and may have passed to her daughter Aethelflaed. It was held by Vitel in 1066 and, by the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, by Robert son of Gerold (d. 1102), who paid an annual rent of 100 cheeses. In 1439 it was bought by Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, who gave the manor to the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester in 1445.

The Manor Farm House in Horse Lane was built as the local manor house in 1608.

RNAS Charlton Horethorne (HMS Heron II) was a Royal Naval Air Service station in nearby Sigwells. It opened in 1942 as a flying training base under the administrative care of HMS Heron. It closed in 1948 and has since been returned to agricultural use.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

From 1894 to 1974, the village was part of Wincanton Rural District, and from 1974 to 2023, it fell within the non-metropolitan district of South Somerset. South Somerset District Council was responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Religious sites
The 12th-century Church of St Peter and St Paul, Charlton Horethorne acquired its two-stage tower in the late 15th century. It has offset corner buttresses almost to the full height of the tower with small crowning pinnacles. A Romano-British altar was discovered in the churchyard.

Stowell's Church of St Mary Magdalene is Grade II listed. VC holder Eric Charles Twelves Wilson (1912 – 2008) is buried in the churchyard; he wrote a booklet "Stowell in the Blackmore Vale".

title: Charlton Horethorne


text:
Niven Busch

Niven Busch (April 26, 1903 – August 25, 1991) was an American novelist and screenwriter of movies such as the acclaimed The Postman Always Rings Twice. His novels included Duel in the Sun (1944) and California Street (1959). He was married to actress Teresa Wright for ten years beginning in 1942.

Early career
Born in New York City, Busch began his writing career in the early twenties, when he went to work for Time Magazine (co-founded by Busch's cousin, Briton Hadden). Before departing for Hollywood a decade later, Busch had risen to editor at the weekly, working simultaneously for The New Yorker, where he contributed profiles on famous Americans. (These articles were collected into his first book, the non-fiction Twenty-One Americans.)

In 1932, realizing he had gone as far as he was likely to go as a New York-based magazine writer/editor, Busch re-connected with agent Myron Selznick, whom Busch knew through his father, an executive who had worked for Myron's father Lewis in the teens and early twenties.

Myron Selznick soon secured work for Busch at Warner Bros. Pictures, and Busch decamped to Los Angeles to write his first film, Howard Hawks's The Crowd Roars. One of four writers on the production, Busch's name was misspelled in the credits.

Film career
Through the rest of the thirties, Busch worked for most of the major Hollywood studios, scripting mostly B-movies like The Big Shakedown. In 1938 he was nominated for an Academy Award for In Old Chicago, which was based on his story We the O'Learys, but failed to win. In 1940 he co-wrote The Westerner for director William Wyler and producer Samuel Goldwyn. Soon thereafter he went to work as Goldwyn's story editor, recommending Pride of the Yankees, in which Gary Cooper and Busch's soon-to-be wife Teresa Wright co-starred.

Settling in the hills of Encino with his growing family, Busch began writing novels. The Carrington Incident, published in 1941, was followed by the best-seller Duel in the Sun, which Lewis Selznick's other son David purchased and turned into the 1946 blockbuster of the same title. He now alternated between the writing of screenplays and novels, most of which became best-sellers. They Dream of Home, a tale of returning veterans, was followed by The Furies (1950), which became a film that starred Barbara Stanwyck.

Another notable film of the period — for which Busch wrote the original screenplay — was Pursued starring Robert Mitchum and Teresa Wright, one of the first psychological Westerns with "noir" overtones. Around the same time, Busch also adapted the noir thriller The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Later career
In the early fifties, Busch and Wright divorced, and Busch left Hollywood for northern California, where he devoted himself to cattle ranching and the full-time writing of novels. There he would meet his fourth wife Carmencita Baker and fifth wife Suzanne de Sanz.

Before Busch's final novel The Titan Game he had become one of San Francisco's leading literary lights and a Regent's Professor at the University of California. California Street is about the San Francisco newspaper publishing business, with the title taken from California Street in the city.

Busch appears in the film The Unbearable Lightness of Being, playing the role of "Old Man" in the scene in which Sabina (Lena Olin) receives the letter informing her of Tómas and Tereza's deaths. Busch was 84 at the time of the filming.

Busch died from congestive heart failure in 1991 at the age of eighty-eight.

Novels

 * The Carrington Incident (1941)
 * Duel in the Sun (1944)
 * They Dream of Home (1944)
 * Day of the Conquerors (1946)
 * The Furies (1948)
 * The Capture (1950)
 * The Hate Merchant (1953)
 * The Actor (1955)
 * California Street: A Novel (1959)
 * The San Franciscans (1962)
 * The Gentleman From California (1965) (fictionalized Richard Nixon)
 * The Takeover (1973)
 * No Place for a Hero (1980) (historical work about John C. Fremont in California)
 * Continent's Edge (1980)
 * The Titan Game (1989) (final novel)

Stories

 * "College Coach" (1933)
 * "Cut Rate" (1934)
 * "We the O'Learys" (1936)
 * "Belle Star" (1941)
 * "Distant Drums" (1951)
 * "The Man from the Alamo" (1953)

Filmography

 * As screenwriter unless otherwise noted.

 * The Crowd Roars (1932)
 * Scarlet Dawn (1932)
 * Miss Pinkerton (1932)
 * College Coach (1933) (also story "College Coach")
 * Babbitt (1934)
 * The Man with Two Faces (1934)
 * The Big Shakedown (1934) (also story "Cut Rate")
 * He Was Her Man (1934)
 * Lady Tubbs (1935) (unconfirmed)
 * Three Kids and a Queen (1935) (uncredited)
 * In Old Chicago (1937) (story "We the O'Learys")
 * Off the Record (1939)
 * The Angels Wash Their Faces (1939)
 * The Westerner (1940)
 * Belle Starr (1941) (story "Belle Starr")
 * The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946)
 * Till the End of Time (1946) (novel They Dream of Home)
 * Duel in the Sun (1946) (suggested by the novel Duel in the Sun)
 * Pursued (1947)
 * Moss Rose (1947)
 * The Capture (1950) (also uncredited novel and producer)
 * The Furies (1950) (novel)
 * Distant Drums (1951) (also story "Distant Drums")
 * The Man from the Alamo (1953) (story "The Man from the Alamo")
 * The Moonlighter (1953) (also story)
 * The Treasure of Pancho Villa (1955)
 * Gigi (1958) (uncredited)
 * The Wild Cat (1962) (uncredited, novel Duel in the Sun)

Actor

 * The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988)

Research resources

 * Niven Busch's California Street Papers, 1955-59 (0.5 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries
 * Niven Busch's The Gentleman from California Papers, 1964-66 (1 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries
 * Niven Busch's The San Franciscans Papers, 1959-1962 (0.5 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries

title: Niven Busch


text:
Charlton Mackrell

Charlton Mackrell is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of The Charltons, in the Somerset district, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, situated 3 mi east of Somerton. The village has a population of 1,020.

The parish consists of two villages, Charlton Mackrell and Charlton Adam. Both villages have approximately similar populations. There are also small settlements at Lytes Cary, Cary Fitzpaine (east of the A37 Fosse Way), and West Charlton. West Charlton is the shrunken remains of the original village of Charlton Mackrell.

History
The Fosse Way runs through the parish, and Roman villa sites associated with it have been found at Windmill Hill. The parishes of Charlton Adam and Charlton Mackrell were part of the hundred of Somerton.

In the 16th century, two medieval fields were divided, which delayed inclosure until the 18th century, leading to the current patchwork of fields.

The Charltons have been home to several of the ancestors of politicians in the United States of America. Henry Adams and Edith Squire were married in the parish church in 1609, and she is thought to be the ancestor of Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and Calvin Coolidge, as well as of Samuel Adams, who also signed the Declaration of Independence, while Presidents Millard Fillmore and William Howard Taft were descendants of her two sisters Ann and Margaret.

Around 1800, Kingweston resident William Dickinson purchased the manor, and his family owned it intil 1930.

A railway station served the village as part of the Great Western Railway from 1905 to 1962.

The village was immortalised in song by Adge Cutler in 1968 with the composition The Charlton Mackrell Jug Band.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council. The civil parish was renamed from Charlton Mackrell to The Charltons on 13 March 2014

The village fell within the non-metropolitan district of South Somerset from on 1 April 1974 to 1 April 2023 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Langport Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal, and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Civil parish
On 24 March 1887 part of the parish of Charlton Adam was merged with Charlton Mackrell, on 1 January 2015 the merged parish was renamed "The Charltons". In 1881 the parish of Charlton Mackrell (prior to the merge) had a population of 290.

Geography
Just outside the village to the south-west, near the main Langport and Castle Cary Railway line, is the 14 acre Green Down Nature Reserve run by the Somerset Wildlife Trust. It is on the side of Windmill Hill and provides a habitat for a range of species, including the largest number of large blue butterflies anywhere in the world. At the eastern end of the reserve is a Powder House, which was used by the Great Western Railway to store dynamite used in the construction of the Somerton Tunnel from 1903 to 1905.

Landmarks

The Abbey of Charlton Adam is a small country house which dates from the 16th century. The house takes its name from the fact that it was the site of the Chantry Chapel of the Holy Spirit, founded in 1237, of which some fragments may be incorporated. The interiors contain some Elizabethan panelling and reuse earlier bits and pieces. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.

Lytes Cary is larger and has parts which date from the 14th century. A Tudor great hall was added in the mid-15th century, and a great chamber and other rooms were added in 1533. Other rooms and ranges were added until the Lytes family sold the manor in the mid-18th century. It is now owned by the National Trust and is also Grade I listed.

Charlton House is dated as being built in 1726 by Thomas Lyte on the site of an earlier building. The Court was built in 1792. Both are grade II* listed.

Religious sites
The Church of St Mary in West Charlton dates from the 13th century.

The Church of St Peter and St Paul, on Church Hill, is slightly more recent.

title: Charlton Mackrell


text:
Charlton Musgrove

Charlton Musgrove is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 1 mi north east of Wincanton in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 398. The parish includes the hamlets of Barrow, Holbrook, Southmarsh, and part of Shalford.

History
In 1066 the holder of the manor was Godman but passed to Robert FitzGerold by the time of the Domesday Book in 1086. The parish of Charlton Musgrove was part of the Norton Ferris Hundred.

In 1861 the Dorset Central Railway opened a standard gauge track through the western side of the parish, joining Templecombe with Cole. It was linked to Glastonbury in the following year by the Somerset and Dorset Railway and was double lined in 1887. The line was closed in 1966.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Wincanton Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, Trading Standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Religious sites
The village is unusual in having two churches and two centres. The older Church of St Stephen dates from the 13th century. It has been designated as a Grade II* listed building. The second centre is said to have originated when people fled to avoid the plague. The newer centre had no church until 1877 when a chapel of ease at Barrow Lane, dedicated to St John the Baptist, was given by Mrs. Emma Frances Davies (née Leir), the widow of a former rector, daughter of Rev William Leir (1768–1863). It is of stone in a 13th-century style, designed by Charles Edward Davis of Bath, and comprises an apsidal chancel and a nave with a southern bell tower. The Leir family themselves have provided a number of rectors to the parish.

Stavordale Priory, now a private home owned by Sir Cameron Mackintosh, is thought to be linked to the village's Old Church near the altar by a tunnel, perhaps used as a priest's escape route, some two miles in length. The building has 13th-century origins, having been founded by a member of the Lovel family, and was converted around the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries, after the Priory merged with Taunton in 1533. The Priory of the Augustinian Order was first mentioned in 1243. The bell tower is known to have existed by 1374, and the church was refitted and rebuilt around 1439. The chantry of Jesus was described as having been "recently completed" in 1526.

Notable people
William Arnold an important master mason who flourished between 1595 and 1637 lived in the village in 1595 where he was church warden. His first known commission was for the design of Montacute House around 1598.

title: Charlton Musgrove


text:
Culture of the Solomon Islands

The culture of the Solomon Islands reflects the extent of the differentiation and diversity among the groups living within the Solomon Islands archipelago, which lies within Melanesia in the Pacific Ocean, with the peoples distinguished by island, language, topography, and geography. The cultural area includes the nation state of Solomon Islands and the Bougainville Island, which is a part of Papua New Guinea.

The Solomon Islands includes some culturally Polynesian societies which lie outside the main region of Polynesian influence, known as the Polynesian Triangle. There are seven Polynesian outliers within the Solomon Islands: Anuta, Bellona, Ontong Java, Rennell, Sikaiana, Tikopia, and Vaeakau-Taumako.

Traditional culture
In the traditional culture of the Solomon Islands age-old customs are handed down from one generation to the next, allegedly from the ancestral spirits themselves, to form the cultural values of Solomon Islands.

Tepukei (ocean-going outrigger canoes)
Some Polynesian societies of eastern Solomon Islands built ocean-going outrigger canoes known as Tepukei. In 1966 Gerd Koch, a German anthropologist, carried out research at Graciosa Bay on Nendö Island (Ndende/Ndeni) in the Santa Cruz Islands and on Pileni and Fenualoa in the Reef Islands, and returned with documentary film, photographic and audio material. The films that Koch completed are now held by the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) in Hanover.

He brought back to the Ethnological Museum of Berlin the last still complete Tepukei from the Santa Cruz Islands.

Contemporary culture
In the contemporary Solomon Islands, as elsewhere in Melanesia, kastom is the core of the assertion of traditional values and cultural practices in a modern context. The Kastom Gaden Association, for example, advocates growing and eating traditional foods rather than imported ones.

Notable figures
Notable figures in contemporary Solomon Islands culture include painter Ake Lianga and musician Sharzy. Writers include John Saunana, Rexford Orotaloa, and Celo Kulagoe.

Sport
Many Solomon Islanders are passionate about sport, and it forms a major part of the country's culture in terms of spectating and participation.

Folklore
Solomon Islanders stories and legends have a cultural significance independent of their empirical truth or falsehood.

title: Culture of the Solomon Islands


text:
Chillington, Somerset

Chillington is a village and parish in Somerset, England, situated 3 mi west of Crewkerne and 5 mi east of Chard in the South Somerset district. The parish has a population of 164.

History
The name comes from Ceola's settlement. The parish of Chillington was part of the South Petherton Hundred. The manor passed in the mid 18th century to the Notley family who built the old manor house.

Higher Chillington was built in the 18th century around common land around Chillington Common.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Chard Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Yeovil county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Religious sites
The older part of the village was Lower Chillington which was built around the Church of St James. The church has 13th-century origins, with modifications taking place in the early 14th and in the 15th centuries. It was restored in 1842 and 1909. The two bells were made by Thomas Bilbie of the Bilbie family.

title: Chillington, Somerset