text:
Talk:CZ 52

Possible contradiction
This article claims, the round will not penetrate 'newer' vests.

Article on the 7.62x25 round: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7.62x25 states that the round easily penetrates lighter ballistic vests (up to IIA). Just today I was told at the range by the instructor that no vest available to civilians in Czech Republic will stop even a copper jacketed lead round fired from the vz.52.

There is a thread: http://forums.gunboards.com/showthread.php?83361-Proven-the-7-62x25-Tokarev-Kevlar-Penetration-Issue&s=f1b8da621dbb54f7411d2f5985fbfa38&p=1195913 Which claims the lead jacketed round defeats IIA vests. Perhaps the link should be included in this article. It seems that the pistol really has good penetration against lighter than military armor. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.39.113.150 (talk) 13:06, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Sourcing and Point-of-View Issues
This article seems biased in favor of the Vz 52; includes too much personal opinion. Needs some cleanup. Satori Son 05:08, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Made a concerted effort to clean up the POV info (hopefully those of you interested will agree) and add more facts, though some of the POV remains. Particularly, I'm concerned with one comment that I decided to leave until others chime in:
 * {| border="1" cellpadding="3" align="right" width="80%" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px dashed #aaa; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"

 * These unusual ergonomics cause the barrel and slide to sit rather high above the grip. This causes recoil force to be turned into upward flip of the muzzle and torque on the wrist, doing nothing to improve the comfort of the shooter or the controllability of the gun.
 * }
 * Having put somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,000 rounds through my own Vz-52 at this point, I would not characterize it this way. The bore axis doesn't seem any higher above the hand than most other semi-autos. The problem I've noticed is that the frontstrap is somewhat short and the "hump" at the top of the backstrap (which makes room for the hammer and strut) is very low on the grip. These features, in concert with the relatively sharp angle of the grip to the bore axis, cause the pistol to point low. And while there's certainly a good bit of muzzle flip and torque, due to the fact that the entire upper recoils straight backward (unlike most pistols using the Browning-type op), jamming the "hump" into the web of the hand, there seems to be noticeably less muzzle flip than I have experienced with other handguns.

 * Don't get me wrong, the ergonomics of this gun are, IMO, terrible. It is definitely far from the most comfortable gun to shoot. But I don't necessarily agree with the above statement. Does anyone else feel the same? Should the statement be edited? Thanks. Raygun 02:24, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Most importantly, there is no source provided for the statement in question. You've made some good edits, but there are still a couple of opinions in this article that should be removed unless we can provide proper source citations per WP:Verifiability. -- Satori Son 17:58, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Ammunition
The section on ammo needs some cleanup. First, it is impossible to compare cup and PSI. To speak of "reducing" a pressure from one to the other is erroneous. They are measured in entirely different ways using different equipment and there is no comparison between the scales. Second, the section is overly technical to the point of not relaying much information.Mzmadmike (talk) 10:46, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

Nomenclature
I suggest changing the name of the page to Vz 52 (pistol) to reflect the correct name of the pistol and to avoid a clash with the Vz 52 rifle article. References to the pistol throughout the article should be changed to Vz 52 with a note in the introduction that the pistol is often incorrectly known as a CZ 52. Comments? BroadArrow 22:10, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Correct abbreviation of vzor 52 in Czech is vz. 52, not vz-52. I changed it already in article, but may be it may be useful to move article to Vz. 52 (pistol) page. I also changed CZ 52 (which is medley of military (vz. 52) and manufacturer's (CZ 482) designation to CZ 482, but i must admitt, that designation CZ 52 is quite popular in Czech republic too.--ja_62 16:50, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * While it may not be technically correct, I added the CZ-52 designation back to the article as the pistol is widely known and marketed under this name in the U.S. Raygun 01:49, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

"CZ52" is utterly incorrect.

CZ *NEVER* used this designation. Only a few ignorant gun importers in the US who spread misinformation to their customers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.148.203.36 (talk) 20:57, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

 * O.K., in Czech rep. it's also sometimes used designation, while CZ 482 is not very widespread.

May I move the page to vz. 52 (pistol) to match the page title with designation in article itslef? --ja_62 10:23, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That's fine by me, but just as a matter of form, should there be a space between the . and 52 (for example, Vz. 52 or Vz.52)? The reason I ask is because someone recently renamed the CZ-82 page as Vz.82. I think it would be a good idea to have all of the firearms with the Vz. designation follow the same form here on Wikipedia. A minor quibble, I know. But so long as we're renaming things, we might as well get them all correct. Raygun 21:36, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I have moved it. The corect designation of all Czech (and previously Czechoslovak) weapons is with space between vz. and model number - i.e. "vz. 52", "vz. 82" and so.  --ja_62 08:50, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * In the US it is common to refer to the 1952 pistol as "CZ 52" and to the 1952 rifle as "vz 52". Naaman Brown (talk) 22:16, 2 October 2008 (UTC) The model name and number officially used by CZ should be noted in addition to the misnomer. CZ rifles were imported and popular as "vz 24" etc. long before the pistols were imported, so when CZ pistols were imported they were designated by maker and model number as "CZ 52" etc. to avoid confusion with the rifle models. The two CZ vz 52 pistols currently before me are engraved (per federal ATF regulations) one "CZ-52" and one "CZ52" with caliber, national origin, importer name and address. Naaman Brown (talk) 02:49, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I have subsequently found CZ vz YR pistols (where YR is model year) listed in Boothroyd The Handgun as VZ 27 (CZ vz 27), CZ 38 (CZ vz 38), CZ 45 (CZ vz 45), CZ 50 (CZ vz 50) and Model 52 (CZ vz 52). --Naaman Brown (talk) 14:07, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

Specifications
I removed the reference to 7.63mm Mauser ammunition. While yes, they are practically the same and 7.63 Mauser, being less powerful than 7.62x25mm Tokarev, could quite possibly be fired from this pistol safely, it is not the correct ammunition and users should not be led to believe that they are one in the same, especially for users considering 7.63mm Mauser pistols that won't handle the more powerful 7.62x25 cartridge. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.19.27.178 (talk • contribs) 02:34, 13 June 2006

The neck of the 7.63mm Mauser was specified as a few thousandths of an inch longer than the 7.62mm Tokarev; or more accurately, when the Soviets adopted the design, they shortened the neck very slightly. Reloading companies warn that 7.63mm Mauser brass should not be used without trimming for handloads intended for use in pistols for 7.62mm Tokarev.) Naaman Brown (talk) 12:11, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

Vz-52 operation
A common misconception concerning the Vz-52 is that it uses the roller-delayed blowback form of operation popularized by Heckler & Koch. It does not. In roller-delayed blowback, the barrel is stationary throughout the operating cycle and the bolt is not positively locked to the barrel at any point. In the Vz-52, the bolt (slide) and barrel are positively locked by the rollers and recoil together a distance shorter than the length of the cartridge (about 4mm). This is a hallmark of short recoil operation, and is what separates it from roller-delayed blowback.

I've corrected this in the article. Thanks. Raygun 09:59, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Vz-52 Description
'''Vz.52 did not replaced a Vz. 50 pistol!!!''' Vz.52 replaced various types of pistols in CSLA (Czechoslovak Peoples Army) arsenal. Mostly german P-38, P-08 (both 9x19mm) left after WWII and czechoslovak pre WWII Vz. 24 and Vz. 38 (both 9mm Br.). Purpose of this replacement was unification with soviet standards. Vz. 50 (7,65 Br.) pistol was used by police.
 * Independently Boothroyd "The Handgun" and Smith "Small Arms of the World" state the Model 50 was developed by CZ for the police (Ministry of the Interior) with commercial and export sales. Model 52 replaced four pre-WWII Czech models (Models 22, 24, 27, 38) in addition all the non-standard foreign and native sidearms in Czech service post-WWII. -- Naaman Brown (talk) 14:57, 23 February 2017 (UTC)

Nomenclature #2
The problem with naming is, whether the army or manufacturer's designation is used. The manufacturer used designation ČZ 482, the army 7,62 mm pistole vzor 1952 (7, 62mm Pistol, Model 1952), which was in common army usage abbreviated as '''vz. 52. I am open to admit that unofficial medley of both designations, i.e. CZ 52''', prevailed in popular use, especially in English speaking world - but in my opinion this all is worth some kind of explanation in the article, instead of simply rewriting vz. 52 to CZ 52 everywhere, even when the reference clearly refers to the original Army designation.--ja_62 (t 09:23, 23 March 2010 (UTC) �
 * Therefore I'd propose, that designation in the article could be fixed in such manner that "ČZ 52" or "CZ 52" would be used wherever the article deals with the pistol in general, and "vz. 52" where the use of the pistol is mentioned in connection with the Czechoslovak (or Czech) military. The "cz. 52" designation recently added is probably based on some sort of misunderstanding?--ja_62 (t 12:28, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

The designation for the pistol (and the name of the article) have been discussed for four years now. I would like to propose that we make a decision, use it consistently, and stop rehashing the issue over and over again. Lord Bodak (talk) 18:24, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you are correct - but in any case, the military designation have to be at least mentioned in article, and/or designation under which civilian version is marketed is also necessary to mention - i.e. "CZ 52 was eventually replaced by vz. 82" would be incorrect, because for the military it was always "vz. 52", while on the other hand mentioning "vz. 52" in connection with civilian use is far from ideal too, because on civilian market vz. 52 designation is almost unknown. --ja_62 (t 01:21, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

 * ja_62, you make many good points. I agree with almost all of them. I think the title of the main article should be ČZ 52 or CZ 52, due to the En.wipi and in the US it is the most prevalent name of the pistol. I also agree that when the text refers to the military designation we should use the "Vz" instead of the "Cv". Perhaps you could add a couple of lines of text to address this? I am sorry I did mean to be a jerk by my editing simply trying to make the article with the English speakers as the audience not a Czech or Slovak/cs.wikipedian. I hope we can work together to make this page as good as possible.--Duchamps_comb MFA 04:51, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

And perhaps, sentences in introduction paragraph "Around 200,000 vz. 52s ("vzor 52" means "model of 1952") were made by Česká Zbrojovka in Strakonice from 1952 to 1954." and "The vz. 52 was, after 30 years of military service, eventually replaced in service by the vz. 82." could be retained too? - These mentions clearly refer to Czechoslovak military version. Elsewhere CZ 52 should be used throughout the article. --ja_62 (t 16:00, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree with most of your points. In my opinion, the article should be titled CZ 52 because that is how most people refer to the pistol.  The article should explain the different names/designations as well.  Look at M1 Garand; the official name of the rifle is not and never was M1 Garand but that's the most common name. Lord Bodak (talk) 15:25, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree, the naming conventions guidelines prefer the most common name in the English language, which would be CZ 52. Czechoslovak military designation should be perhaps mentioned in introduction paragraph - e.g.: The CZ 52[1] (Czechoslovak military designation vz. 52[2], also known as ČZ 482). (May be it would be better, if more formal designation "7,62 mm pistole vz. 52" would be used there.)

Move proposal

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 06:05, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Survey
Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  ''. Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.''

Discussion

 * Support I support this move as "CZ 52" is the most common name in the English language for the popular Czechoslovakian made pistol.--Duchamps_comb MFA 04:59, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Support per wp:ENGLISH - most common name in English. --ja_62 (t 21:24, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Support Per my reasons in the discussion above. Lord Bodak (talk) 15:06, 31 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:CZ 52


text: User talk:134.161.245.161

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:134.161.245.161


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Talk:Alwi Shihab

Prof. DR. Alwi Shihab & Islam Inclusive
Alwi Shihab is a Sayyid, which means a direct decendant of the Prophet Muahammad SAW through Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet, and Imam Ali ibn Abithalib (the 1st Imam and the 4th ruler of Islamic Khalifah after the prophet). His continuous effor is to present Islam as an inclusive religious with a very moderate view which is advocated by the Islamic Holy book; The Noble Qur'an. In contrary, follower of radical Islam and extrimists tend to use the Holy Qur'an to justify their acts, in which the result of ignorant and very limited knowledge and understanding of the Noble Qur'an itself.

I am hoping for other world leaders and religious leaders will have to follow his footsteps in building moderate and tolerance world communities.

Zane

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 20:39, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alwi Shihab


text:
Indian City USA

The Indian City USA Cultural Center, formerly known as Indian City USA, was an outdoor museum in Anadarko, Oklahoma.

The center included reconstructions of American Indian houses and way of life in the United States. The Department of Anthropology from the University of Oklahoma supervised the construction of the housing units. Reconstructed dwellings represent many of the tribes from the Southwest and Southern Plains, including Caddo, Southern Cheyenne, Wichita, Pawnee, Navajo, and Apache.

The citizens of Anadarko founded the museum in 1954. The museum is located on the site of a massacre of the Tonkawa Indians during American Civil War by Shawnees and other tribes. The land was formerly occupied by the Kiowa, Apache, and Comanche Reservation.

In addition to the outdoor displays, Indian City USA offered guided tours, Native dancing, Native American arts and crafts, and the Indian City Museum. It is near the location of the Southern Plains Indian Museum, the American Indian Hall of Fame, and the annual American Indian Exposition,.

The museum is currently owned by the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma.

According to the Leisure and Sports Review (LASR), the museum is closed. No website for the museum can be found.

title: Indian City USA


text:
Richard Guy (disambiguation)

Richard K. Guy (1916–2020) was a British mathematician.

Richard Guy may also refer to:
 * Richard Guy (footballer) (1880–1938), English footballer
 * Richard P. Guy (born 1932), American judge
 * Dick Guy (1937–2018), Australian cricketer
 * Richie Guy (born 1941), New Zealand rugby player and administrator
 * Dickie Guy (Richard John Guy, born 1949), English football goalkeeper

title: Richard Guy (disambiguation)


text:
Dummer, Hampshire

Dummer is a parish and village in Hampshire, England. It is 6 miles south-west of Basingstoke and near Junction 7 on the M3 motorway.

In the 2001 census, it had a population of 643, with 127 dwellings, reducing to a population of 466 in 201 households at the 2011 Census.

History
The name of the village is derived from Dun (meaning hill) and Mer (lake or pond). The English surname 'Dummer' is thought to originate from here, as the Dummer family were lords of the manor between the 12th and 16th centuries.

All Saints Church is in the centre of the village. The church is part of the Church of England benefice of Farleigh, Candover and Wield, served by the same Rector.

A public house, The Queen Inn, is north of the church on Down Street towards the M3.

Also towards the M3 is the Dummer Golf Club, the course lying to the northeast of the village.

On the other side of the M3 north of the A30 is the Dummer Garden Centre, and a public house, The Sun Inn. A short distance south-west down the A30 is another public house and hotel, The Wheatsheaf.

To the south-west of Dummer village by about 3/4 mi is Dummer Down Farm. This is the site of the Dummer Cricket Centre which was founded by Major Ronald Ferguson, father of Sarah, Duchess of York. The current owner, Andrew Ferguson, was a local councillor on Dummer Parish Council.

Governance
The village is part of the civil parish of Dummer, which is part of the Oakley and North Waltham ward of Basingstoke and Deane borough council. The borough council is a non-metropolitan district of Hampshire County Council.

Location

 * Position:
 * Nearby towns and cities: Alton, Andover, Basingstoke, Newbury, Winchester
 * Nearby villages: Axford, Cliddesden, Farleigh Wallop, Hook, Kingsclere, Micheldever Station, North Waltham, Oakley, Old Basing, Overton, Popham, Steventon, Whitchurch.

Notable people

 * The Dummer family
 * Sarah, Duchess of York
 * Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst KBE CB AFC DL RAF, first Commander-in-chief of the Indian Air Force
 * Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, aristocrat and socialite
 * Ronald Ferguson, father of Sarah, Duchess of York
 * Susan Barrantes, mother of Sarah, Duchess of York
 * Charles Palmer-Tomkinson, aristocrat and socialite
 * Marian Montagu Douglas Scott, paternal grandmother of Sarah, Duchess of York
 * Charles Rycroft, psychologist

title: Dummer, Hampshire


text:
Talk:Walter Gross (politician)

What a poorly documented article!
There's only one source given, at the end of the second paragraph.

I would love to know with what words Gross advocated the "extermination" of the Jews. I can almost guarantee that he never said anything about killing. The words that come up in official documents are Ausschaltung, Ausrottung, Auswanderung, Evakuierung, which do not mean killing. I want to know what Gross really said, not some vague summary based on a "feminist historian." -- Hadding

Name change to previous version
The ß is used in the extended Latin alphabet. The person was officially called Seyß-Inquart, so I propose to respect that fact. The ß can be changed into ss if technical reasons prevent from writing the ß. This is not the case here. If you would like to ban certain letters like ß or č I suggest you take the debate to a higher more general level on transliteration rules. Besednjak 19:04, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Wrong, this Nazi's name is Walter Gross, not Seyss-Inquart. You seem confused with someone else. The name Gross is commonly spelled with double ss in the US and UK. gidonb 03:28, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You are right, a mistake concerning Seyß-Inquart.

Please note our guideline for naming articles: ''Convention: Title your pages using the English name, if one exists, and give the native spelling on the first line of the article. If the native spelling is not in the Latin alphabet, also provide a Latin transliteration. Only use the native spelling as an article title if it is more commonly used in English than the anglicized form.'' gidonb  04:06, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is Walter Groß in English written as Walter Gross? Why the name change? Do you have proof? Or is this serving your needs for proof in your cruisade against diacritics at the Dutch language wikipedia? I would accept Gross without problems if this person Walter Gross is spelled Gross indeed in English literature. Nevertheless his official name was Groß, wasn't it? In that case this official name should at any rate be stated in the text. Besednjak 10:33, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Please note that Gross is the commonly used spelling in English. Both spellings are being used in German. gidonb  19:19, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine for ther spelling in English, as this wikipedia does not maintain the most original form of the surname if that surname belongs to a known person and that person's surname is written differently in commonly known literature. Disagree concerning your view on the German spelling. In the German language the ß for an individuals surname is maintained. ß mayonly be replaced with ss in case of technical constraints. Besednjak 16:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If you do not want to face the facts, that is fine with me. gidonb  23:32, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please respect that ß and ss cannot be used equally in Germany. The German spelling law states clearly: "Die amtliche Regelung der deutschen Rechtschreibung" - A Laut-Buchstaben-Zuordnungen - 0 Vorbemerkungen - §3.2.  and thus excludes surnames from the ß reform - ß cannot equally be replaced with ss.
 * If you do not face this fact, that is fine with me. Besednjak 11:48, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I am sorry, but Gross is the common spelling in English. See linked articles. German has its own rules. gidonb (talk) 22:58, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Walter Gross (politician)


text:
Talk:Street Fighter (1994 film)

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Strange phrasing
I removed this bit which was the last line of the lede.

 * An intended reboot, Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li, was released in 2009 to critical and commercial failure.

While factually true, I'm not sure whether Legend of Chun Li's critical and commercial failure is really relevant to the informational content of this article (as it's mentioned in the lede of said movie's own article). Also, any movie released 15 years apart yet somehow part of the same franchise is practically guaranteed to be a reboot, even though I know there have been exceptions to the rule. It's rather the word "intended" which puzzles me. When is a reboot "unintentional"? I changed the wording in the article accordingly. --CaptainNtheGameMaster (talk) 06:44, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

Talk page archived!
Forgot to write it in the edit summary. Sorry! --CaptainNtheGameMaster (talk) 06:49, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

2018 Retrospective
Twenty-four years later The Guardian has a detailed retrospective:

There is a lot of information that could be used to improve this Wikipedia article. The retrospective includes interview comments from the Director, crew, and cast. It gives an overview of the tight schedule, the casting difficulties, location difficulties, Van Damme difficulties, MPAA difficulties, etc. etc. The article notes (despite or irrespective of all difficulties) the film was a commercial success, and gives a critical reappraisal: "‘With hindsight, Street Fighter: The Movie is a charmingly camp and self-consciously silly action flick", and the direct gets the last word: "How can you see that movie and think it’s funny by accident?"

I'd make changes myself only the article is locked for reasons unclear. -- 37.110.218.43 (talk) 09:49, 14 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Still locked, still not being improved. -- 109.79.168.130 (talk) 02:12, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 September 2020
"De Souza agreed, however plans were switched once it was learned the Raúl Juliá was suffering from cancer.[8] Initially plans were to shoot Juliá's less intensive scenes first while the rest of the cast would train with Picerni, however upon seeing Juliá, de Souza realized that they could not show him in his current weakened state and was forced to switch the filming around."

"learned the" is a typo for "learned that".

Personally I would change both ", however " to "; however, ". 2001:8B0:BB7B:4008:21F:F3FF:FEBF:5041 (talk) 18:03, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Thank you! GorillaWarfare (talk) 18:08, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Street Fighter (1994 film)


text:
John Crumpton Hardy

John Crumpton Hardy (December 24, 1864 – October 30, 1938) was the President of the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Mississippi State University) from 1900 - 1912.

Biography
John Crumpton Hardy was born in Newton, Mississippi on December 24, 1864 to John D. and Martha Hardy. He attended Mississippi College where he earned a BA and an MA and earned a law degree at Millsaps College.

Before becoming president of Mississippi A&M College Hardy served as superintendent of the Jackson, Mississippi, schools for nine years. In 1912 he became president of Baylor Female College (now the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor) in Belton, Texas.

title: John Crumpton Hardy


text:
User:Graydonflatt

Hi Graydon! This is your user page! It's cool! Wow! From Graydon.

title: User:Graydonflatt


text:
New South (band)

The New South is a bluegrass band formed in 1971 by banjo player J. D. Crowe. Their first two albums, Bluegrass Evolution and the eponymous record known by the album number, "Rounder 0044," established them as a dominant force in bluegrass, though the two albums are wildly different.

Band members
The New South have recorded and toured with a variety of different lineups. One of the most notable lineup changes came in 2002 when the entire band quit out of desire for a more active performing schedule, forming the band Wildfire. Crowe quickly found replacements (rehiring mandolinist/vocalist Dwight McCall and guitarist/ vocalist Rickey Wasson who had both been members previously) and the New South has continued a moderate performance schedule.

Current and past members include: J.D. Crowe, Doyle Lawson, Tony Rice, Larry Rice, Bobby Slone, Ricky Skaggs, Jerry Douglas, Keith Whitley, Jimmy Gaudreau, Mike Gregory, Steve Bryant, Paul Adkins, Tony King, Phil Leadbetter, Richard Bennett, Don Rigsby, Robert Hale, Darrell Webb, Curt Chapman, Dwight McCall, Rickey Wasson, Wayne Fields, Harold Nixon, Randy Hayes, and Ron Stewart.

The Kentucky Mountain Boys
J.D. Crowe formed the prototype for the New South, the Kentucky Mountain Boys, around 1964. Members of the line-up included Red Allen, Larry Rice, Bobby Slone, and Doyle Lawson. The group recorded three albums on Lemco Records: Bluegrass Holiday, Ramblin' Boy, and a gospel album, The Model Church. Lawson left the group in 1971 to join the Country Gentlemen, and was replaced by Larry Rice's younger brother, Tony Rice, a guitar prodigy and student of Clarence White.

Bluegrass Evolution
The first album recorded as the "New South" was Bluegrass Evolution. This album seems to have been influenced by the Osborne Brothers and by more mainstream country music; it incorporates drums, pedal steel and electric instruments to a far greater degree than most bluegrass bands of the period.

J.D. Crowe & The New South ("Rounder 0044")
After Bluegrass Evolution, Larry Rice left the band. A young Ricky Skaggs replaced him, and Jerry Douglas also joined the group for this 1975 eponymously titled album, more commonly known by its Rounder Records catalogue number ("Rounder 0044"). Stylistically this album marked a sharp turn from Bluegrass Evolution, while still experimenting with pedal steel, percussion and a piano on the tracks "You Are What I Am" and "Cryin' Holy", the majority of the album featured songs played with traditional bluegrass instrumentation (although on the slower numbers, Skaggs doubled his fiddle with a viola) by up-and-coming singer songwriters such as Gordon Lightfoot, Utah Phillips and Rodney Crowell, as well as incorporating more traditional songs such as "Old Home Place," "Some Old Day," and "Sally Goodin." This one album changed the nature and direction of bluegrass music to an extent that everything after it has to be viewed in light of this album, and today this album is considered a landmark in bluegrass music without which no collection is complete.

The Keith Whitley Years
Not long after Rounder 0044's release, Tony Rice departed the band to join David Grisman's band. Skaggs and Douglas soon followed suit, forming their own band, Boone Creek. After experimenting with a few lineups, Crowe hired bassist Steve Bryant, mandolinist Jimmy Gadreau, as well as former Ralph Stanley guitarist Keith Whitley. This band produced three albums: My Home Ain't In the Hall of Fame, Live in Japan, and Somewhere Between. All three of these albums saw the band returning toward the sound of the Bluegrass Evolution album, incorporating more country elements, with Crowe even playing electric guitar more than banjo on "Somewhere Between".

Discography

 * Bluegrass Evolution (Starday SLP 489, recorded 1973, released 1977)
 * J.D. Crowe & the New South (Rounder 0044, 1975)
 * You Can Share My Blanket (Rounder 0096, 1977)
 * My Home Ain't In The Hall of Fame (Rounder, 1978)
 * Somewhere Between (Rounder, 1981)
 * Live In Japan (Rounder, 1982)
 * Straight Ahead (Rounder, 1986)
 * Flashback (Rounder, 1994)
 * Come On Down To My World (Rounder, 1999)
 * At Bean Blossom: Uncle Pen Days (2000)
 * Lefty's Old Guitar (Rounder, 2006)

title: New South (band)


text:
International Centre for Human Rights Research

The International Centre for Human Rights Research or CIIDH (Centro Internacional para Investigaciones en Derechos Humanos) is a Guatemalan non-governmental organization.

The organization was founded in 1993, in the final years of the country's 36-year-long Civil War, with the aim of promoting and defending human rights and publishing information of interest in that field. However, its original purpose was much more combative and activist in nature. Housing a project that collected testimonies from witnesses of human rights violations that occurred during the country's civil war, its original goal was to use this information and their authors to support legal attacks against Guatemalan Army officers who were suspected of perpetrating war crimes. Created and directed by Paul Yamauchi from 1993 to June 1996, the CIIDH and its project were slowly taken over by URNG activists who while working with their Director, gradually sabotaged the project activities and terminated its original mission, all in accordance with the URNG's signed peace accords with the Guatemalan Army, which provided mutual amnesty to both parties. Nowadays, the CIIDH and its new "mission" are a far cry from what they were in 1993.


text:
Sigma Psi Zeta

Sigma Psi Zeta (ΣΨΖ) Sorority, Inc., also known as Sigmas or SYZ, is a progressive multicultural American sorority. It was founded on March 23, 1994, at the University at Albany and incorporated in New York on March 15, 1996. It is the third-largest Asian-interest sorority in the nation. It is a part of the National APIDA Panhellenic Association (NAPA).

History
Plans for the Sigma Psi Zeta sorority were formed in the fall semester of 1993 at SUNY Albany by a group of female undergraduates from different backgrounds. The sorority was formed in part to address the dual difficulties faced by Asian women. Its founding mothers were Gina Han, Sally Hsieh, Jean Kim, Jenny Kim, Sandra Lam, Winnie Liu, Yan-Chieh Liu, Michelle Macaraig, Sung-Yon Noh, and Loan Trang.

On March 23, 1994, the sorority was officially recognized by the university. Within a year, a second chapter was formed at SUNY University at Binghamton. The sorority was incorporated in New York on March 15, 1996.

Internally, the sorority uses the term "womxn" instead of "woman" or "women". Similarly, it uses "sxsters" or "syzters" in place of "sisters". Similar terminology has been adopted by other multicultural organizations.

Symbols
The sorority's colors are red and gold and its flower is a yellow rose with baby's breath. Its motto is "Lead from the front."

Activities
Sigma Psi Zeta is a cultural, social, educational, and community service–oriented Greek organization. Its philanthropic focus is to combat violence against women in its various forms. Sigma Psi Zeta is an official partner of the White House initiative, It's On Us, which launched as a result of the ARC3 Survey.

Since 1999, Sigma Psi Zeta's philanthropy has been to combat violence against women. The sorority has worked against violence against women in many forms and has focused specifically on Asian women who are historically objectified and disempowered. Local chapters and colonies participate in events such as the Take Back The Night rallies and the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence's Domestic Violence Awareness month.

Membership
Sigma Psi Zeta has 43 active chapters in the states/commonwealths of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, Washington D.C., and Wisconsin.

Chapters
Following are the chapters of Sigma Psi Zeta. The sorority differentiates between three levels of organization at its campus units. Chapter status appears to be the ultimate goal. Newer or emerging groups are called charters. The third type is denoted as Interest Groups; an interest group must have permission to form from campus administration and must include at least ten members.

Active groups are listed here in bold, inactive groups are listed in italics.

title: Sigma Psi Zeta


text:
George Robert Hightower

George Robert Hightower (October 15, 1865 - February 19, 1958) was an American state legislator in Mississippi.

He was born at Smith's Mills, in Grenada County, Mississippi, a son of George Hightower, Jr., and Fannie (Kirby) Hightower.

He began his education in the public schools in Grenada County, Mississippi, and later attended Normal College at Buena Vista, Mississippi, for three years, graduating in 1889. He became a teacher, first in Grenada County, then in the Abbeville Normal School in Abbeville, Mississippi, for three years. He next spent a year as instructor in the Grenada Female College at Grenada, Mississippi, and subsequently accepted a teaching position in the public schools of New Albany, Mississippi, where he was later made principal. In 1895 he retired from teaching to engage in farming in Lafayette County, Mississippi; and while residing there he was elected county superintendent of education in 1898 for a four- year term.

He was elected to the state legislature in 1904 and after serving for one term as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, he was elected to represent Lafayette County in the Mississippi Senate in 1906, followed by reelection. While Mr. Hightower was a member of the state legislature he was active in having a state department of agriculture created and in securing the passage of a bill reducing the legal rate of interest from ten to eight per cent per annum.

After serving a part of his second term in the legislature, he resigned to become state president of the Farmers Educational and Cooperative Union, a national farmers' organization, which position he occupied until 1912. In 1908 he was appointed a delegate to the International Cotton Conference held in Barcelona, Spain, which he attended in company with Harvey Jordan of Georgia, representative of the National Cotton Association of the United States and James H. Brooks, who represented the United States Department of State.

He became president of the Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College at Starkville in 1912, now Mississippi State University, and remained at the head of that institution from until 1916. While serving as its president, he inaugurated a department of markets, which was the first of the kind to be established in any similar institution in the United States. The department of business of the college was also inaugurated during Mr. Hightower's administration as president. He was also instrumental in beautifying the college campus and planting the water oaks and elms.

In January, 1924, he was appointed as state tax commissioner by Governor H. L. Whitfield. Mr. Hightower served under Governor Whitfield's administration and also under Governor Murphree, who became governor of the state upon the death of Governor Whitfield March 18, 1927.

After many years devoted to public service, Mr. Hightower concentrated on the cultivation of more than 3000 acre of land in Washington, Mississippi, near Natchez. He died February 19, 1958, and is buried in the Natchez City Cemetery. Hightower Hall at Mississippi State was named in his honor but has since been demolished.

title: George Robert Hightower


text:
Brú na Bóinne

Brú na Bóinne (, "mansion or palace of the Boyne"), also called the Boyne Valley tombs, is an ancient monument complex and ritual landscape in County Meath, Ireland, located in a bend of the River Boyne. It is one of the world's most important Neolithic landscapes, comprising at least ninety monuments including passage tombs, burial mounds, standing stones and enclosures. The site is dominated by the passage tombs of Newgrange (Sí an Bhrú), Knowth (Cnogbha) and Dowth (Dubhadh), built during the 32nd century BC. Together these have the largest assemblage of megalithic art in Europe. The associated archaeological culture is called the "Boyne culture".

Brú na Bóinne is also an important archaeoastronomical site; several of the passage tombs are aligned with the winter solstice and equinoxes. The area continued to be a site of ritual and ceremonial activity in the later Bronze Age and Iron Age. In Irish mythology, the tombs are said to be portals to the Otherworld and dwellings of the deities, particularly The Dagda and his son Aengus. They began to be studied by antiquarians in the 18th century, and archaeological excavations began in the 20th century, when some of the passage tombs underwent restoration.

Since 1993, the site has been a World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO as "Brú na Bóinne - Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne".

Location
The area is located eight kilometers west of Drogheda in County Meath, Ireland, in a bend of the River Boyne. It is around 40 kilometers north of Dublin.

Brú na Bóinne is surrounded on its southern, western and eastern sides by the Boyne; additionally, a small tributary of the Boyne, the River Mattock, runs along the northern edge, almost completely surrounding Brú na Bóinne with water. All but two of the prehistoric sites are on this river peninsula.

Description
The area has been a centre of human settlement for at least 6,000 years, but the major structures date to around 5,000 years ago, from the Neolithic period.

The site is a complex of Neolithic mounds, chamber tombs, standing stones, henges and other prehistoric enclosures, some from as early as 35th century BC - 32nd century BC. The site thus predates the Egyptian pyramids and was built with sophistication and a knowledge of science and astronomy, which is most evident in the passage grave of Newgrange. The site is often referred to as the "Bend of the Boyne" and this is often (incorrectly) taken to be a translation of Brú na Bóinne. The associated archaeological culture is often called the Boyne culture.

The site covers 780 ha (1,927 acres) and contains around 40 passage graves, as well as other prehistoric sites and later features. The majority of the monuments are concentrated on the north side of the river. The most well-known sites within Brú na Bóinne are the passage graves of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth, all known for their collections of megalithic art. Each stands on a ridge within the river bend and two of the tombs, Knowth and Newgrange, appear to contain stones re-used from an earlier monument at the site. Newgrange is the central mound of the Boyne Valley passage grave cemetery, the circular cairn in which the cruciform burial chamber is sited having a diameter of over 100 metres. Knowth and Dowth are of comparable size. There is no in situ evidence for earlier activity at the site, save for the spotfinds of flint tools left by Mesolithic hunters.

The passage tombs were constructed beginning in around 3,300 BC and work stopped around 2,900 BC. The three largest tombs of Newgrange, Knowth and Dowth may have been constructed to be visible from each other and from northern and southern approaches along the River Boyne, as part of a scheme to "bind the previously disparate elements of the extended passage tomb cemetery into a more clearly defined prehistoric numinous precinct". The area continued to be used for habitation and ritual purposes until the early Bronze Age, during which a number of embanked, pit and wooden post circles (collectively referred to as "henges") were built. Artifacts from the later Bronze Age are comparatively inconspicuous: some cist and ring ditch burials and burnt mounds. For the Iron Age there is only evidence of sporadic activity, such as burials near Knowth and at Rosnaree. Valuable items from the Roman period such as coins and jewelry were found as votive offerings near Newgrange.

Numerous other enclosure and megalith sites have been identified within the river bend and have been given simple letter designations, such as the M Enclosures. In addition to the three large tombs, several other ceremonial sites constitute the complex including:
 * Cloghalea Henge
 * Townleyhall passage grave
 * Monknewtown henge and ritual pond
 * Newgrange cursus

Astronomical alignments
Each of the three main megalith sites have significant archaeoastronomical significance. Newgrange and Dowth have winter solstice solar alignments, while Knowth is oriented towards the March equinox (spring equinox) and the September equinox (autumn equinox). In addition, the immediate environs of the main sites have been investigated for other possible alignments. The layout and design of the Brú na Bóinne complex across the valley has also been studied for astronomical significance.

Visitor centre
All access to Newgrange and Knowth is by guided tour only, with tours beginning at the Visitor Centre, opened in 1997 in Donore, County Meath. The tourist visitor centre is located on the south side of the river Boyne, and the historical site is located on the north side of the river and is accessed via a shuttle with a tour guide.

Public transport access
Bus Éireann route 163 operates between Drogheda and the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre via Donore. The nearest railway station is Drogheda railway station approximately 9 kilometres distant.

Brú na Bóinne National Park
The site will form the basis of a national park. In September 2023 the state bought Dowth Hall and 552 acres of surrounding land.

title: Brú na Bóinne


text:
Talk:Henry Irwin

Henry Irwins forgotten masterpiece
one of the greatest architect of british india. his works range from palaces, court complexes, viceroys palace, schools etc across india. but such a great mans one famous work has been forgottenly or mistakenly left from this wikipedia article,apart from mysore palace, chennai high court, rastrapathi bhavan, simla palace, he is also the chief architect and designer of the world renowned atonomous institution in south india, Madurai, THE AMERICAN COLLEGE.the main building of the college was designed by henry irwin.this college holds a vast range of credits to its history of existence.you can find more about the college in wikipedia itselfby typing "The American College Madurai. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.193.104.25 (talk) 08:49, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Irwin


text:
Talk:Soubrette

Revert on Comparisons
Got reverted after I added another link to a different vocal type, as follows:
 * To hear dramatic coloratura soprano Diana Damrau as Susanna click on this link: Watch here

Not entirely sure why, as Diana Damrau is a dramatic coloratura soprano (as shown on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloratura_soprano ) and the link was correct. Any explanation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.161.31.103 (talk) 09:08, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

"Limitation myth"
I've moved the text of this section to this talk page because I think it needs a bit of discussion.

First, I'm not sure if this topic is of sufficient import to discuss in the article. I've been around professional vocalists, both popular and classical, and musicologists who focus on vocal music and I've never known any of them to have the opinion below. Among people who don't follow the technical points of vocal music, most I've met have never even heard the word "soubrette," so they certainly don't have an opinion about it.

It's true that whoever worked on this page before I showed up was apparently under the impression that soubrettes had limited ptich ranges, but I think I've made it quite explicit that that's not true. Finally, the whole section is rather overly defensive for an encyclopedia. It sounds rather personal.

Now, if consensus holds that this section should be put back in the article, it still needs to be cleaned up. It has some grammar problems, some possible factual problems (to me it implies that a soubrette can be an alto, which just isn't so), and of course there's the defensive thing. --George 23:21, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, I wrote this in a rath. In the pop world, it seems the soubrette is thought of to be range challenged, on Britney's page for example, is she a lyric soprano or only a soubrette. The implication that a soubrette is not on full par as a lyric soprano. Incredulous, I tire of it, even though I support her as a strong example of a pop soubrette ALL THE WAY (mainly because I can think of songs were she sings soubrette-esque). However, most of the other pop examples just there because they sound like little girls. J.Lo? Lumidee? The latter can't carry a tune with the Lake Michigan. Curious, Paula Abdul, and Ashanti aren't on the list? People won't put her on the list because she's a lyric coloratura, but Kathleen Battle and Elisabeth Schwarzkopf are (in the true, classical proper sense)  Off my soapbox, I go :-) Antares33712 03:50, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * One other thing; I wasn't trying to say that an alto COULD be a soubrette, but that in classifying a soubrette you can't look at range. It's not alto vs. soprano vs. soubrette (some here believe that),  but that's its closer to lyric vs. dramatic voice.  It's a type of lyric soprano, sub-genre if you will.  Sorry  :-)  Antares33712 05:58, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Well thanks for replying. I share your irritation with the voice classification of pop singers. One of the things that drew me into the vocal music topic issue on Wikipedia is the fact that many of the articles seem to be edited by pop fans who clearly don't have technical knowledge of singing. I myself have to resist the temptation to rant on the talk pages of some of the articles, so I sympathize. Thanks for your help, though, and thanks especially for knowing what you're talking about. :) --George 22:31, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

This needs an overhaul
This page is a minor mess. To begin with, the history of "soubrette" is absent. "Soubrette" originated from the name of a sort of stock character in the plays of people like Moliere and his contemporaries. This character type was used in opera, too, and thus the role of the soubrette - but it had little to do with voice type or range originally. None of this is mentioned in the article at all.

As for the voice type of that name, the article is just wrong. It in no way implies a limited range; in opera, at least, most soubrettes are simply lyric sopranos. Rather, it implies a certain girlish quality to the voice, appropriate for "soubrette" roles. (Louise-Rosalie Dugazon - for whom Wikipedia has no entry - is the classic example.) It can also imply roles appropriate for that voice, e.g., Papagena - a classic soubrette role which, note, ascends to A5, above the ostensible top listed in this article.

Finally, deciding on which popular singer is or isn't a soubrette is, in my opinion, just impossible. There is a great gulf between the vocal tradition in which the term "soubrette" arose and singers like Britney Spears. To my mind, it makes no sense to make suc comparisons. It seems, however, that some editors of this article are insistent on doing such. Fine, but this should be based on a correct understanding of the word "soubrette," which the article currently lacks.

Point: I'm posting this here to elicit comments. If I don't hear anything, I'm going to reconfigure the article to make it more in keeping with other, authoritative sources on this topic. George

 * Found her. She's in Wikipedia as Louise-Rosalie Lefebvre. Wallie 05:29, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Is there a real soubrette?
Now they've changed Hilary Duff's profile to be something other than "soubrette", as they did earlier for Britney Spears. Is there any singer who's legitimately a soubrette, or are all of them subject to interpretation that results in them being classified as not a "real" soubrette after all? *Dan* 19:11, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes. Kathleen Battle is a soubrette as are many other singers. Wallie 20:52, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Actually, Kathleen Battle is not a soubrette, rather she is a "soprano leggero," capable of singing roles with difficult coloratura (e.g. Zerbinetta in Strauss' "Ariadne auf Naxos"). A true soubrette does not have to meet the vocal demands of this kind of coloratura. Soubrette roles include Susanna (Mozart's "Le Nozze di Figaro"), Zerlina (Mozart's "Don Giovanni"), Papagena (Mozart's "Die Zauberflote"). Battle did, however, sing many of the soubrette roles and, at times, she ventured into the lyric repertoire (e.g. Pamina in Mozart's "Die Zauberflote"). Barbara Bonney would be an example of a real soubrette.

Hello. I'm not sure who posted the statement just above mine, but Kathleen Battle is indeed NOT a soubrette. Originally, very early in her career, I believe Kathleen Battle was a lyric coloratura (like Natalie Dessay, Sumi Jo, etc). Although I have not heard her voice recently as it is now, I've heard she could possibly now be a soprano leggero. EmilyGreene1984

Tone, maybe not soubrette
Brittney Spears exhibits a vocal technique I have not heard discussed, but appears to be much since copied. That is, the "groan" a kind of throat vibrato that expesses passion. It was there in her first single. Is there a name for it?

 * That sound is sometimes called "vocal fry" - a slow vibration of the vocal chords, without letting them phonate normally. A lot of pop singers use it for a sexy or passionate effect, often blending the fry into a normal tone, the way Spears does, and some opera singers use it to extend their lower range.  I agree that Britney uses it quite often.  But it's not related to this article.  Best regards, -- Ssilvers 23:41, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Soubrette in Pop Music
I have done a bit of research on this. Most dictionaries suggest this is a role rather than a type of singing voice, eg,

sou·brette (s-brt) n. 1. a. A saucy, coquettish, intriguing maidservant in comedies or comic opera. b. An actress or a singer taking such a part. 2. A young woman regarded as flirtatious or frivolous.

To say that a pop singer fits into any of these definitions is really stretching the definition. Wallie 14:47, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Britney Spears isn't flirtatious or frivilous? LOL, seriously, few (even classical) would alone make that definition.  but as a light, youthful, girlish voice, it fits (only as that it fits) Antares33712 06:02, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

Britney Spears is not primarily a theatre performer. Not every girlish performer is a soubrette: only the ones who play the girlish friend/maid roles in musical theatre or opera or, in a broad sense, in theatre/TV or films. In her own videos, Spears often plays the lead or ingenue, rather than the soubrette, e.g., Toxic. She's not a clear enough example of a soubrette to list here. There are lots of other performers who would be a better example of the idea. Best regards, -- Ssilvers 23:35, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Sorry for putting this here: I don't know how to start a new chapter. A new example is needed of a Mezzo-soprano singing, as the video currently linked to has been removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.17.54.47 (talk) 19:55, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

"The earliest examples are perhaps to be found in the works of Molière"
Is this true? Isn't this a stock commedia character?  · rodii ·  17:22, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorta. Certainly the Columbina character has much in common with the soubrette character, and someone who knows a lot more about the drama of the period than I could perhaps trace directly from one to the other. There's certainly no question that Molière was heavily influenced by the Commedia, as were so many of that time. But the soubrette didn't become well-defined until much later, so while there's a connection they're also surely different. --George 00:54, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Duplication
Sections of this article are being copied to Soprano. I don't see any point in doing this. WP is interlinked after all! -- Kleinzach 08:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Soubrette


text:
Weiz District

Bezirk Weiz is a district of the state of Styria in Austria. Since the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it consists of the following municipalities:

 * Albersdorf-Prebuch
 * Anger
 * Birkfeld
 * Fischbach
 * Fladnitz an der Teichalm
 * Floing
 * Gasen
 * Gersdorf an der Feistritz
 * Gleisdorf
 * Gutenberg
 * Hofstätten an der Raab
 * Ilztal
 * Ludersdorf-Wilfersdorf
 * Markt Hartmannsdorf
 * Miesenbach bei Birkfeld
 * Mitterdorf an der Raab
 * Mortantsch
 * Naas
 * Passail
 * Pischelsdorf am Kulm
 * Puch bei Weiz
 * Ratten
 * Rettenegg
 * Sankt Kathrein am Hauenstein
 * Sankt Kathrein am Offenegg
 * Sankt Margarethen an der Raab
 * Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab
 * Sinabelkirchen
 * Strallegg
 * Thannhausen
 * Weiz

Municipalities before 2015
Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
 * Albersdorf-Prebuch
 * Albersdorf, Kalch, Postelgraben, Prebuch, Wollsdorferegg
 * Anger
 * Arzberg
 * Baierdorf bei Anger
 * Baierdorf-Dorf, Baierdorf-Umgebung, Fresen
 * Birkfeld
 * Etzersdorf-Rollsdorf
 * Etzersdorf, Lohngraben, Rollsdorf
 * Feistritz bei Anger
 * Oberfeistritz, Viertelfeistritz
 * Fischbach
 * Falkenstein, Völlegg
 * Fladnitz an der Teichalm
 * Fladnitzberg, Schrems bei Frohnleiten, Fladnitz-Tober, Teichalm
 * Floing
 * Lebing, Unterfeistritz
 * Gasen
 * Amassegg, Mitterbach, Sonnleitberg
 * Gersdorf an der Feistritz
 * Gschmaier, Hartensdorf
 * Gleisdorf
 * Gschaid bei Birkfeld
 * Gutenberg an der Raabklamm
 * Garrach, Kleinsemmering
 * Haslau bei Birkfeld
 * Hirnsdorf
 * Hofstätten an der Raab
 * Pirching an der Raab, Wetzawinkel, Wünschendorf
 * Hohenau an der Raab
 * Auen, Haufenreith, Krammersdorf
 * Ilztal
 * Großpesendorf, Neudorf, Nitschaberg, Prebensdorf, Wolfgruben bei Gleisdorf
 * Koglhof
 * Aschau, Rabendorf, Rossegg, Sallegg
 * Krottendorf
 * Büchl, Farcha, Nöstl, Preding bei Weiz, Regerstätten
 * Kulm bei Weiz
 * Kulming, Rohrbach am Kulm
 * Labuch
 * Urscha
 * Laßnitzthal
 * Ludersdorf-Wilfersdorf
 * Flöcking, Ludersdorf, Pircha, Wilfersdorf
 * Markt Hartmannsdorf
 * Bärnbach, Reith bei Hartmannsdorf, Oed, Pöllau bei Gleisdorf
 * Miesenbach bei Birkfeld
 * Berg-und Hinterleitenviertel, Dorfviertel
 * Mitterdorf an der Raab
 * Dörfl an der Raab, Hohenkogl, Oberdorf, Obergreith, Pichl an der Raab, Untergreith
 * Mortantsch
 * Göttelsberg, Hafning, Haselbach bei Weiz, Leska, Steinberg bei Weiz
 * Naas
 * Affental, Birchbaum, Dürntal, Gschaid bei Weiz, Naintsch, Heilbrunn, Offenegg
 * Neudorf bei Passail
 * Amstein, Oberneudorf, Unterneudorf
 * Nitscha
 * Arnwiesen, Gamling, Kaltenbrunn, Nitscha
 * Oberrettenbach
 * Rothgmos
 * Passail
 * Passail, Hintertober, Tober
 * Pischelsdorf in der Steiermark
 * Pischelsdorf in der Steiermark, Kleinpesendorf, Romatschachen, Schachen am Römerbach
 * Preßguts
 * Schirnitz
 * Puch bei Weiz
 * Elz, Harl, Höfling, Klettendorf, Perndorf
 * Ratten
 * Grubbauer, Kirchenviertel
 * Reichendorf
 * Rettenegg
 * Feistritzwald, Inneres Kaltenegg
 * Sankt Kathrein am Hauenstein
 * Landau
 * Sankt Kathrein am Offenegg
 * Sankt Kathrein am Offenegg I. Viertel, Sankt Kathrein am Offenegg II. Viertel
 * Sankt Margarethen an der Raab
 * Entschendorf bei Gleisdorf, Goggitsch, Kroisbach an der Raab, Sulz bei Gleisdorf, Takern I, Takern II, Zöbing an der Raab
 * Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab
 * Fünfing bei Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab, Grub bei Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab, Wolfgruben b. Sankt Ruprecht a.d. Raab
 * Sinabelkirchen
 * Egelsdorf, Frösau, Fünfing bei Gleisdorf, Gnies, Nagl, Obergroßau, Untergroßau, Unterrettenbach
 * Stenzengreith
 * Plenzengreith, Stockheim
 * Strallegg
 * Außeregg, Feistritz, Pacher
 * Thannhausen
 * Alterilz, Grub, Landscha bei Weiz, Oberdorf bei Thannhausen, Oberfladnitz-Thannhausen, Peesen, Ponigl, Raas, Trennstein
 * Ungerdorf
 * Unterfladnitz
 * Arndorf bei Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab, Dietmannsdorf, Kühwiesen, Neudorf bei Sankt Ruprecht an der Raab, Wollsdorf
 * Waisenegg
 * Piregg
 * Weiz

title: Weiz District


text:
Talk:Shriners Children's 500

Fair use rationale for Image:SubwayFreshFit500.gif
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Shriners Children's 500


text:
Talk:NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 10:01, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Kobalt Tools 500 (Phoenix) → Kobalt Tools 500 — The other, former Kobalt Tools 500 is now located at Atlanta 500, so I think we can just drop the qualifier in this race title. Khan_singh (talk) 03:39, 3 November 2010 (UTC) This article should have its name changed to Checker O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 since O'Reilly acquired CSK, the race name was changed to reflect the takeover. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.144.2.154 (talk) 15:02, 8 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose - although the Atlanta article was correctly changed to reflect its overall history, its name will still live on in the memory as the Kobalt Tools 500 for many, so a disambig page is appropriate. — Amakuru (talk) 07:58, 3 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Support a hatnote can indicate the Atlanta race. 76.66.203.138 (talk) 04:55, 7 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose race names change often, the current diasambig setup works best. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cmjc80 (talk • contribs) 00:50, 8 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Support. No reason to have a dab page for two pages with different titles. Just add a hatnote to this article that points to Atlanta 500. Jafeluv (talk) 13:14, 16 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Support. Use hatnote, per WP:TWODABS.  --Born2cycle (talk) 22:31, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * move casting vote: this discussion has run for 34 days. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 10:01, 7 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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Title of the race
I think we should call it Phoenix 312. 2A02:1388:408E:DDAB:0:0:6452:E330 (talk) 10:39, 19 October 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 18 December 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Procedural close. No valid rationale given. (closed by non-admin page mover) – robertsky (talk) 15:10, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race → NASCAR Cup Series Championship – Page merging. Zrcook610 (talk) 12:46, 18 December 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.


text:
List of Battlestar Galactica video games

A number of video games have been released based on the various incarnations of the Battlestar Galactica franchise.

"Space Battle" & "Space Attack"
Mattel-developed Space Battle for Intellivision and its M-Network counterpart, Space Attack for the Atari VCS/2600 platform, were originally stated to be games based on the Battlestar Galactica series. One of Mattel's subsidiaries, Concepts 2000, had the license to produce Battlestar Galactica electronic toys, so it was figured to be a lock that Mattel would get the license to produce the official Battlestar Galactica video game. The game was well into development when they discovered Mattel didn't get the license. The name was changed, but the graphics remained the same. The "flying saucers" in the game are actually Cylon Raiders; this is mostly imperceptible, due to the lack of detail that could be used in graphics of the platforms of that era. In addition, squadrons of fighters are launched from a "base ship" to defend against the incoming enemy squadrons.

Battlestar Galactica (2003)
The 2003 Battlestar Galactica mini-series inspired a video game for Sony's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox in which the player plays as Commander Adama as a younger man, and flies a number of missions in different craft against Cylon ships, following Adama's career during the First Cylon War. Though presumed set in the continuity of the 2003 reboot, the visuals were based on the designs of the original 1978 series and like the original series, the game featured alien races and their technologies even though no aliens or alien technologies were ever suggested to exist in the 2003 continuity. The game also features the voice talents of Dirk Benedict as Lieutenant Starbuck and Richard Hatch as Captain Apollo, though both characters were hidden content available only through the use of cheat codes and did not feature in the storyline of the main game. It was developed by Warthog Games and it was the last game ever to be published by Universal Interactive, as the company would dissolve shortly after the game's release.

Battlestar Galactica Space Alert
In 1976, Mattel released a handheld electronic game called "Missile Attack", which was later resold as "Battlestar Galactica Space Alert" due to difficulties with NBC who refused to air commercials for the Missile Attack game. Battlestar Galactica Space Alert was obviously based on the original Battlestar Galactica film and television series.

Others
Cylon Attack by A&F Software for the BBC Micro in the 1980s was another game based on the original series.

The computer game Epic, and its sequel Inferno, released by Ocean software in 1992, featured a similar plot to Battlestar Galactica as well as similar ship models and characters.

Battlestar Galactica (mobile)
Superscape, a mobile phone entertainment company, announced the launch of an action-game based on the series. Through a licensing deal with Universal Studios Consumer Products Group, the Battlestar Galactica mobile phone game is available for download now worldwide for Java enabled handsets. It was released for mobile phones in February 2006. The player starts as a rookie pilot. Players take over the controls of the Colonial Viper Mark VII high performance fighter, and are quickly drawn into the ongoing interstellar war. Fighting their way through 20 levels and a variety of missions, players battle with the deadly Cylons.

Battlestar Galactica (2007)
A Battlestar Galactica game based on the new series was released for Xbox Live Arcade and Microsoft Windows on October 24, 2007. The game was developed by Sierra/Sierra Online and Auran.

The Xbox Live Arcade Game takes the player through the major fights of the first two seasons of the show as a Viper pilot, it also incorporates multiple achievements and online multiplayer, not to mention unusual abilities Colonial and Cylon fighters possess, such as shielding, stealth, and advanced weapons. According to the review aggregate website Metacritic, the Xbox 360 version received "mixed or average reviews" and the PC version received "generally unfavorable reviews". It has been delisted from Xbox Live Arcade.

Battlestar Galactica Online
Battlestar Galactica Online was a free-to-play browser-based MMO developed and published by Bigpoint based on the 2003 remake of the television series. Released in open beta on February 8, 2011, BSGO web3D game client was developed atop the Unity Game Development Tool. The game server is written in Erlang. In less than three months of launch, the game surpassed 2 million registered users. On February 1, 2019, Battlestar Galactica Online has been discontinued.

Story

Man created the Cylons. The Cylons evolved. The Cylons Rebelled. The game begins 40 years after the first Cylon war. The Cylons paid a visit to the Twelve Colonies to annihilate the humans and take their resources. The aging Battlestar Galactica managed to escape the attack, gather a fleet of civilian ships, and set out for the home of the legendary 13th Colony (Earth). The Cylons pursued Battlestar Galactica for months until Battlestar Galactica reunited with Pegasus, the other survivor from the Cylon attack. Together, they were strong enough to retaliate and destroy the Cylon's Resurrection Ship.

When the Cylons discovered that the humans destroyed the Resurrection Ship, they launched a colossal counter strike against the Colonial Fleet. The unsuspecting Colonials were forced to jump away to safety, but they suffered a mechanical malfunction in the process. A massive pulse of energy overloaded the FTL drives on both fleets, which triggered an uncontrolled jump that threw them off target.

In Battlestar Galactica Online, the Cylons and Colonials are stranded at the edge of one of the galactic arms. Both Colonial fleets are heavily damaged and low on critical resources. The race begins for the Colonials to repair and rearm their ships, escape and continue their quest for Earth before the Cylons gain enough strength to obliterate them once and for all.

Battlestar Galactica Deadlock (2017)
Battlestar Galactica Deadlock is a 3D strategy game (released on PC, Xbox One and PS4) featuring the First Cylon War. The game is developed by the Australian studio Black Lab Games and published by the British developer Slitherine Software. It was originally announced on May 16, 2017, and it opened its closed beta shortly after.

Battlestar Galactica Deadlock takes the player into the heart of the First Cylon War, to fight 3D battles. The player takes control of the Colonial Fleet from the bridge of the mobile shipyard, Daidalos, and free the Twelve Colonies from the Cylon threat.

Since the release of the game on August 31, 2017, the game has had 4 releases of DLC content to expand the content of the game. The first DLC introduced additional ships and weapons while the remaining three DLCs added additional ships, new locations, terrain, and new story missions that occur during and after the main game.

With the release of the Sin and Sacrifice DLC on March 19, 2019, the creators of Battlestar Galactica Deadlock have announced the end of "Season 1" of the game series and a new DLC titled Battlestar Galactica Deadlock: Resurrection which starts season 2, was released on August 29, 2019.

BSG: Beyond the Red Line
A fan made total conversion for FreeSpace 2 known as Beyond the Red Line had a demo version released on March 31, 2007. A dogfight space combat simulator, the Beyond the Red Line demo allows players to play a tutorial, two missions and multiplayer. Although it's not an official licensed product, it has been featured in multiple publications. It has also been updated to allow third-party campaigns, of which there are currently two.

Diaspora
A fan game based on the open source FreeSpace 2 engine known as Diaspora began development in May 2008 and was released in September, 2012. It was begun by the majority of the members of the Beyond the Red Line team, who split off due to creative and management differences. (Official Website)

Battlestar Galactica in Second life
As well with other popular scifi shows, there have been several Battlestar Galactica themed sims (simulators) in Second Life. Many have been centered on the rag-tag fleet theme and usually provide themed events, Viper vs. Raider dogfights, and general combat.

Currently active
Battlestar: Thesis (BSG-82nd) was created by a new team of BSG fans and running under the fair trade rule set by Universal Studios to use BSG content in Second Life. The story is set in the Second Cylon War but with the idea that the colonies didn't fall but survived, with the goal of expanding the BSG universe. The ships and fighters are based on the RDM Series all Mesh build and the sim features the colonial 82nd Recon Fleet consisting of the Battlestar Thesis, Stealth Gunstar Aeon, Heavy Gunstar Cerberus, Support Gunstar Sirius. The Cylon fleet contains the Warstar Cylonica, Strikestar Regen, Strikestar Relic, Cylonbase and Djerba Outpost. BSG 82 RP Sim has a promotional video to show what the sim offers. The sim started in 2011 and is still open today. It is called Sniper Eye: Battlestar Thesis.

Closed / inactive
Until December, 2010, there were several active sims based on the Re-imagined Series, with several more under development. These were:

Battlestar Pacifica (BSG-47): The Columbia Class Pacifica was the first of the sims based on the series. It opened in 2007 and was the oldest of the sims that were active as of December, 2010. The Sim restarted their story, having completed their storyline in December 2009. The sim featured a number of ships seen in both series, including a version of the Celestra. As of August 2012, this sim is closed.

Battlestar Mercury (BSG-21): In May 2008, The Battlestar Mercury sim opened and was created by former members of the Pacifica sim. The Mercury, a Mercury Class Battlestar similar to the Pegasus, featured the signature double sided landing decks, which allowed participating residents to land their ship upside down. In January 2010, the Mercury concluded their first story and following a restructure of their leadership, began a new story, this one centered on an original story concept inspired by a prop painting that hung in Commander Adama's quarters. However, as of January, 2011, the second story line was suspended and scrapped due to the situation with NBCUniversal (see below) and began their third story. Like their predecessor, the Mercury sim also featured ships from the Reimagined series, including a version of the Zephyr. As of August 2012, this sim was closed, however, in December 2012, the owners of the sim announced a new, unique version of the Galactica Story called Battlestar Mercury: New Genesis. the story, set 150,000 years after the end of the reimagined series, on modern day Earth, combines elements of the Galactica story and a Hunger Games-style environment that promises to take the story into a new direction unique to the genre. On November 5, 2014, the owners of the Mercury sim, citing the ongoing erosion of interest in the genre, announced the sim's impending closure after six years of existence (Official Website) One of the owners of the BSG-21 sim, Shmuel Bogomolny has written a fan fiction story based loosely on the story of the sim. Bogomolny has been using recorded footage from the Battlestar Galactica Deadlock game to bring the combat sequences to live. There has been a recent increase in updates to https://battlestarmercury.com. The story has 40 chapters and has integrated an alternate storyline based on the premise that CNP would not have been installed throughout the Colonial Fleet without basic information technology vetting such as a code review or a penetration test. This story is developing toward a small portion of the fleet surviving the attacks and struggling to gather refugees and strike back at the Cylons.

Battlestar Universe (BSG-33): Currently inactive. In September 2009, the Columbia Class Battlestar Olympia opened their story. Unlike their predecessors, The Olympia sim was set during the first Cylon War. Several months ago, Battlestar Universe closed their doors and the sim on which play occurred was sold. In early 2011 former owners of the original BSG-33 attempted to revive their project with a slightly changed concept on a homestead instead of a full sim. As of August 2012, this sim is closed.

Battlestar: The Twelve Colonies (BSG-118): In January 2010, this particular BSG sim opened featuring a pre-Cylon attack cityscape as well as a new, non-canon class of Battlestar, the Phoenix. This particular sim differed from others in that when the Cylon attacks occur, the Twelve Colonies were not completely lost, resulting in expanded roleplay potential located on the various Colonies themselves. Set partially in Caprica City, the city contained familiar sets from the series, including the Riverwalk Market and other notable landmarks. This sim closed after Universal Studios' actions against Battlestar Galactica themes in Second Life, but as of August 2012, part of its former administrative team is now working on a new project called Battlestar: Resurrection.

BSG: Exodus (BSG-104): Following a new concept and original story using the re-imagined series as a backdrop, this sim began construction when disputes over owner conduct, fragmented the BSG47 sim for the third time. This sim closed in mid-2012 for reasons unrelated to NBCUniversal's DMCA against Battlestar Galactica intellectual property in Second Life.

NBCUniversal controversy
Although the number of sims have paled in comparison to the Star Trek and Star Wars sims in Second Life, there has been a very dedicated following amongst them. However, in July 2010, NBCUniversal began efforts to have the sims removed from Second Life by claiming an intellectual property infringement by both individual creators and Linden Labs for hosting such work. The initial campaign moved to stop the sale of items such as flyable ships and uniforms from the series made available to residents of second life by a number of vendors, not necessarily related to the sims. Despite the efforts of the various BSG themed sims, Universal began demands that the sims cease and desist using their trademarked images and content in their role-play sims. By December 7, 2010, the majority of the sims had either shut down or changed their content and storylines away from that in the series.

Exodus, a newcomer in the BSG fan roleplay world staffed by longtime members of the community, took up the cause and recruited Anthony Hasledge of the 'IFT Sci-Fi Alliance', to open dialogue with licensing executives and resolve the trademark issue. Other former and current BSG sim owners joined the effort, as did players from every quarter of the BSG roleplay community. Their efforts were successful and, so long as the BSG sims in Second Life comply with a set of rules including no sale of any products related to BSG, they are allowed to continue. As of February 5, 2011, Universal has allowed fair-use of intellectual property related to Battlestar Galactica.

In April, 2011, an announcement was released that the Exodus and Twelve Colonies, who had changed their name to the Tocana Colonies after the controversy, had agreed to a merger that would take place as of April 8, 2011. However, it was later revealed to be an April Fool's Day Hoax.

Fan-made game mods
Game modifications of various games have been made.

BSG: Fleet Commander
Battlestar Galactica: Fleet Commander is a Homeworld 2 total conversion. Beta versions of BSG: Fleet Commander are available for Windows and the Macintosh. This is a real-time strategy game in which players command human or Cylon fleets from both the original series and the 2003 reimagined version of the series. It has been mentioned by many gaming publications. Sensretractor, a development team member, has mentioned the work on a Blood and Chrome release. Following the fallout of the NBC cease and desist given to the BSG Nexus mod, further work by the original team on the HWBSG mod was halted when the mod admin and founder retired from the project fearing they too would receive a cease and desist.

The mod has since been revived by Phoenix Interactive building upon the work of the original team to create a high definition version for the Homeworld 2 re-release.

BSG: Edge Of Apocalypse
Battlestar Galactica: Edge Of Apocalypse, before version 2.0 known as Battlestar Galactica: Dawn Of War is a modification for Freelancer. The first version was released in March 2007 and it has since been frequently updated. The game allows players to pilot colonial or cylon fighters, transport and battleships and engage in space combat, trading or deep space exploration in an attempt to find Earth.

BSG – Colonial Wars
Battlestar Galactica – Colonial Wars is a Star Wars: Empire at War: Forces of Corruption modification. It was featured as the 'Mod of the Month' in the May 2008 issue of PC Gamer. The mod development was finished at version 5.0, as only a semi-conversion; large chunks of Star Wars content remained. Development then focused on a follow-up project, which was set to be a larger, total conversion mod. The mod is set to be completed under a new name, Battlestar Galactica: At War. This uses the same concept for the game, and is set to totally convert Star Wars: Empire at War into Battlestar Galactica. Sadly this mod ceased development and is no longer available. A new sub mod has started up using assets from the Colonial wars mod titled "Battlestar Galactica: War of the Colonies". This aims to totally convert the game based around an alternate storyline where the Cylon virus does not work, leading to an all out conventional war between the two sides.

Other
There are also Battlestar Galactica fan modifications of the games Battlefield 1942, Battlefield 2, Battlefield 2142, Homeworld, Star Trek: Armada II, Star Trek: Bridge Commander, GTA: San Andreas, Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, Sins of a Solar Empire, Nexus: The Jupiter Incident and X3: Reunion, as well as add-ons for the Orbiter Space Flight Simulator.


text:
Gottfried Gabriel Bredow

Gottfried Gabriel Bredow (14 December 1773 – 5 September 1814) was a German historian.

He was born at Berlin, and became successively professor at the universities of Helmstedt (1804), Frankfurt an der Oder and Breslau. He died at Breslau.

Bredow's principal works are Handbuch der alten Geschichte, Geographie und Chronologie (Eutin, 1799; English trans., London, 1827); ''Chronik des 17. Jahrhunderts (Altona, 1801); Entwurf der Weltkunde der Alten (Altona, 1816); Weltgeschichte in Tabellen'' (Altona, 1801; English trans. by J. Bell, London, 1820).

One known student was Johann Gottlieb Kunisch (1789–1852), teacher and author.

title: Gottfried Gabriel Bredow


text:
Saint Marys Township, Auglaize County, Ohio

Saint Marys Township is one of the fourteen townships of Auglaize County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 11,065 people in the township.

Geography
Located in the western part of the county, it borders the following townships:
 * Noble Township - north
 * Moulton Township - northeast corner
 * Washington Township - east
 * Van Buren Township, Shelby County - southeast
 * German Township - south
 * Franklin Township, Mercer County - west
 * Jefferson Township, Mercer County - northwest

Most of the city of St. Marys is located in northern Saint Marys Township, and the eastern end of Grand Lake St. Marys and its respective state park are located in the western part of the township.

Saint Marys Township is crossed by the St. Marys River, a tributary of the Maumee River. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total area of the township is 95.6 sqkm.

Name and history
It is the only Saint Marys Township statewide.

Originally part of Mercer County, the township was formed in 1824.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Public services
The northern portion of the township is served by the Saint Marys (45885) post office, with the southern portions being split between the New Bremen (45869) and the New Knoxville (45871) post offices.

The majority of the township is in the Saint Marys City School District with the southern portions being split between the New Bremen Local School District and the New Knoxville Local School District. Saint Marys' high school is St. Marys Memorial High School.