text:
Talk:Heyfield, Victoria

Merge suggestion from Heyfeild, Victoria to Heyfield, Victoria
Given the inconsistent spelling in this article and the "what links here" info of the two articles, it looks like this might be a misspelling of Heyfield, Victoria which is a much shorter stub. --ScottDavis 15:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Origin of the Name
As a soon-to-be resident of the area, I'm interested in the origin of the name. It was supposedly named after fields of corn. But that's American usage, isn't it? In Australia we call the stuff "wheat". Hay certainly doesn't come from what we call "corn" (the stuff with yellow cobs). On the other hand, hay apparently doesn't come from wheat either. So I'm confused about this and I need a country person to enlighten me. In any case, why was "hay" apparently mis-spelled as "hey"? JackofOz 22:31, 6 September 2006 (UTC)
 * What the Americans call corn is the same as what we call corn or maize. It's quite different to wheat. You can make hay from wheat (not corn), but it's not common. --Scott Davis Talk 13:22, 13 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, but that leaves me with the same conundrums (or conundra).
 * I am fully aware of the difference between wheat and corn. Hay is not normally made from either of these.  But what is it usually made from?
 * Is this the same stuff that was growing in the fields that led to the place allegedly being named Heyfield?
 * If Heyfield was named after "hay", why was it not spelled "Hayfield"? JackofOz 13:47, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

I've got hold of a brochure from the Wellington Shire Council that gives a little more background. It was named "Hayfield" in 1841 by James McFarlane who recorded that it looked "like a field of waving corn". There's no information about why/when the spelling was changed to "Heyfield". The search continues. JackofOz 01:41, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Just to complete this discussion, I added the following to the article a little while back:
 * In 1841 an early settler, James McFarlane, described the district as resembling "a field of waving corn", and called it Heyfield. Perhaps it would have been more correct to spell it as "Hayfield", however, McFarlane's erroneous "Hey-" version has always been the accepted spelling of the name. --  JackofOz 05:25, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Re this edit by Cassowary - the above discussion is relevant. "Perhaps" was a polite way of saying "he screwed up the spelling but now we're stuck with it". What I was attempting to do was to point out that when one names something after X, one ought to spell it "X" and not "Y". In this case, what we're left with is "Y". That's all. -- JackofOz (talk) 10:13, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Shall you be making a similar edit to Maffra, named for Mafra? Based on it's article, the spelling of Prahran is probably a consequence of Hoddle mishearing Langhorne's "Pur-ra-ran". The phrase as written sounded too much like an opinion with weasel words. It still sounds like that, but less so than before. I find it hard to believe that someone could misspell "hay" accidentally and I'd want some evidence that it was not deliberate ("Heyfield", in McFarlane's mind, might've seemed a better name for a place than "Hayfield".) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cassowary (talk • contribs) 22:49, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, you’re right. The article does engage in a little hypothesising, and that shouldn’t be there.  What we can do, though, is report that, while sources differ on the original spelling, most actually say that it was originally "Hayfield" and later changed to "Heyfield".
 * This and this say it was originally named "Hayfield", but do not explain why it’s now spelled “Heyfield” or when the change occurred.
 * This says it was originally “Hayfield” and has since changed to “Heyfield”, but does not say when or why.
 * On the other hand, this says it grew up around “Heyfield Station” and had to move a few kilometres down the road when Glenmaggie Dam was built. That leaves open the possibility that “Heyfield Station” and the place now known as “Heyfield” were named after completely different things – perhaps the station was named after a Mr Heyfield, and the spot where Heyfield now stands was named “Hayfield” for fields of wheat, and later adopted the name of the station.
 * This says that “Hayfield” is a variant of “Heyfield”. That’s fine, but what we want to know is the specific timeline of the official spelling of the name of this town/location.
 * This seems to narrow the change down to between 1841 and 1866. It was “Hayfield” in 1841, but by 1866 we have the “Battle of Heyfield Bridge”.
 * I'll do some more research and contact the Wellington Shire Council or maybe the Heyfield Historical Society to see if they can shed any light on it. --  JackofOz (talk) 01:01, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

I'm very interested in adding some material to the Heyfield entry, I'm currently compiling some information from research and recent visits to the town. Here is one external link to an article I intend to reference at some point if permissible, other references and info etc. I plan to add over the next few days: http://www.theage.com.au/news/Victoria/Heyfield/2005/02/17/1108500206536.html Cindy considine (talk) 11:25, 25 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080731035955/http://www4.visitvictoria.com/displayobject.cfm/objectid.0009B49C-8B79-1DB8-917780C476A90000/ to http://www.visitvictoria.com/displayobject.cfm/objectid.0009B49C-8B79-1DB8-917780C476A90000/

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title: Talk:Heyfield, Victoria


text:
1995 in archaeology

The year 1995 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

 * The Theban Mapping Project makes the great size of the tomb KV5 apparent.

Excavations

 * Neolithic ceremonial site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey commenced under German archaeologist Klaus Schmidt.

Finds

 * April - Submarine CSS H. L. Hunley (sunk in action 1864) is located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, by Clive Cussler and the National Underwater and Marine Agency after a 14-year search.
 * July - French barque La Belle (sunk 1686) is located in Matagorda Bay, Texas.
 * November - Submarine Resurgam (sunk 1880) is located off Rhyl, North Wales, by diver Keith Hurley.
 * British transport ship SS Empire Heritage (torpedoed in 1944) is located off Tory Island, County Donegal.

Other events

 * The ancient sculptures database Arachne is started.
 * American installation artist Mark Dion first transforms archaeological investigation into an art exhibit with his History Trash Dig at Fribourg, Switzerland.

Publications

 * Tim Cornell – The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars.

Deaths

 * September 12 - Grahame Clark, English archaeologist (b. 1907).
 * October 20 - Eric Birley, English archaeologist associated with the excavations of forts on Hadrian's Wall (b. 1906).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1995 in archaeology


text:
Talk:Eleanor Roosevelt High School (New York City)

Acceptance Rate
Can someone please cite a source for this? It says 3.6%, but there is no source. Termin8er850 02:07, 22 September 2007 (UTC)


text:
G3

G3, G03, G.III, G.3 or G-3 may refer to:

Politics

 * G-3 (Europe), the top three economies in the European Union
 * G-3 (Latin America), the grouping of Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela
 * G-3, a trio of countries consisting of U.S., China and India, first proposed by chief of world economic forum, deeming these countries to be core economic and geopolitical players in this century.

Military

 * AEG G.III, a German World War I heavy bomber
 * Albatros G.III, a 1916 German bomber aircraft
 * Caudron G.3, a 1913 French single-engined biplane
 * Friedrichshafen G.III, a 1915 German medium bomber
 * G-3 U. S. Army Operations (military staff)
 * G3 battlecruiser, a post First World War design for the Royal Navy that was curtailed by the Washington Naval Treaty
 * G3 (NATO), the Assistant Chief Of Staff or senior staff officer on Operations and Plans at the division level and higher
 * Gotha G.III, a 1916 German heavy bomber
 * Heckler & Koch G3, a battle rifle produced by Heckler & Koch
 * Soko G-3, improved variant of Soko G-2 airplane
 * USS G-3 (SS-31), an early U.S. Navy submarine
 * Group of Three, a group dispatched to Lebanon in 1958, shortly before the 1958 Lebanon crisis

Electronics

 * Canon PowerShot G3, a digital camera made by Canon
 * G3 power state, in computer ACPI power states
 * G3, a fax encoding format
 * G3, a PBX from the Avaya Definity range
 * Gibson G3, a 1975 bass guitar
 * iAudio G3, an mp3 player from the Cowon iAudio range
 * Panasonic Lumix DMC-G3, a digital interchangeable lens camera made by Panasonic
 * PowerPC G3, a microprocessor branding used by Apple Computer
 * LG G3, an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics
 * G3 gaming laptops series from Dell

Media

 * g3 (British magazine), a UK magazine aimed at lesbian and bisexual women
 * G3 (tour), a live music show and guitar tour organized by Joe Satriani and Steve Vai
 * G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, a scientific journal in the discipline of genetics, published by the Genetics Society of America
 * GIII, the alternative title for the third and final film in the Gamera heisei trilogy.

Science

 * ATC code G03 Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system, subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 * G3 star, a subclass of G-class stars in stellar classification
 * Group 3 element of the periodic table
 * G3 medium in embryo culture

Transportation

 * Galactic 03 (G03), a suborbital tourist spaceflight on 8 September 2023

Air transportation

 * City Connexion Airlines, a former Burundian airline, IATA designation G3
 * Gol Transportes Aéreos, a Brazilian economy airline, IATA designation G3
 * Gulfstream III, an American business jet, sometimes abbreviated GIII

Automobiles

 * BYD G3, a 2009–2014 Chinese compact sedan
 * Enranger G3, a 2014–present Chinese subcompact SUV
 * Pontiac G3, a 2008–2010 American subcompact car
 * XPeng G3, a 2018–present Chinese compact electric SUV

Rail transportation

 * Gaiemmae Station, station G-03 of the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line
 * PRR G3, an American PRR 4-6-0 locomotive
 * WLWR Class G3, a Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway Irish steam locomotive
 * LNER Class G3, a class of British steam locomotives

Roads and routes

 * G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, incomplete expressway intended to link mainland China and Taiwan

Watercraft

 * G3 boats, from Yamaha Motor Corporation

Other

 * Kamen Rider G3, a fictional character featured in Kamen Rider Agito
 * G3 (company), or "Good Governance Group", British corporate security and intelligence company
 * G3 Ministries, Christian organization
 * G-3 visa, a type of non-immigrant visa allowing travel to the United States
 * G-III Apparel Group, a clothing manufacturing company
 * G3 Canada, a Canadian grain company and successor to the Canadian Wheat Board

title: G3


text:
User:Eliah/RQ

Chapter 12

1. Which of the following is the BEST definition of "induction"? a. a process in which you draw specific claims on the basis of previous, general knowledge. b. assessments of how frequently various events have happened in the past c. a reasoning process by which you make suitable adjustments to an anchor estimate
 * d. a process in which you draw some general conclusions from specific facts or observations

2. Use of the availability heuristic permits occasional errors to emerge. All of the following are errors caused by the use of this heuristic EXCEPT: b. deciding that there are more words that start with r than there are words that have r as the third letter, because of the way your memory of words is organized. c. deciding that more people in general own rats than dogs, because this is the case with your friends and family d. thinking anterograde amnesia is common because there are several famous cases of it.
 * a. deciding that Gandhi probably lived quite a long time, because the original suggestion given to you was 140 years

3. The text describes one study in which participants were asked either to come up with 6 times or 12 times they had been assertive in the past. Which of the following best describes the results from this study? a. Most participants were unable to come up with more than 2 or 3 times they had been assertive. c. Both groups' estimates depended entirely on their personal histories. d. Participants who came up with fewer examples judged themselves to be less assertive.
 * b. Participants who came up with more examples judged themselves to be less assertive.

4. The fact that people report motor-vehicle deaths as more common than diabetes, and homicides as more common than stomach cancer, MOST directly reflects which of the following: a. simulation bias b. anchoring bias d. representativeness bias.
 * c. media bias

5. The representativeness heuristic relies on the assumption that: a. in making decisions, we start with a ballpark estimate and adjust it. c. individuals need not represent the populations from which they were drawn. d. patterns we can easily remember are probably common patterns.
 * b. the categories we think about are relatively internally homogenous.

6. Consider two hospitals: Hospital A has an average of 10 births per day, and Hospital B has an average of 100 births per day. We know that, on average, 50 percent of the overall babies born are male. Which hospital is likely to report more days on which 75 percent of the babies born were boys?. a. Both hospitals are equally likely to report days on which 75 percent of the babies were boys. b. Hospital B d. Neither hospital will make this report. This unequal birth ratio is extremely unlikely to arise at either hospital
 * c. Hospital A

7. When people are explicitly told that a particular instance is NOT representative of the larger group, they: b. tend to act as if the larger group is the exact opposite of the instance. c. act in a manner consistent with their prior beliefs about the larger group and ignore the particular instance. d. show a similar, but weaker, effect of the anchoring heuristic.
 * a. often continue to reason as if the instance IS representative of the larger group.

8. With regard to the “man who” arguments described by Nisbett and Ross (1980): a. We make these arguments because of our assumption that categories are heterogeneous. b. These are not sound even when the whole category closely resembles the single instance. d. We make these arguments because we extrapolate from what we know of an entire set to a single case.
 * c. A “sample of one” cannot outweigh a much larger sample.

9. Which of the following is NOT true of the anchoring heuristic? a. It can combine with other biases so that even if you aware of the biases you do not sufficiently correct them. b. Estimates can be manipulated simply by introducing a quantitative framework for the answer. d. An initial estimate, even if clearly incorrect, will influence a subsequent judgment.
 * c. Low anchors have little effect, but high anchors are highly influential.

10. Between which of the following would you expect there to be a strong NEGATIVE covariation? b. depressing thoughts; crying c. fabric quality and design; price-tag value d. fondness for candy; body weight
 * a. alcohol consumed; hand-eye coordination

11. Which of the following was NOT true with regard to the illusory covariations found in studies of how people interpret (real or simulated) Rorschach responses? a. Undergraduate students with no prior training perceived covariations between the responses to the inkblots and respondent characteristics. b. Professional training and experience did not make participants immune to illusory covariations. c. The covariations perceived by untrained undergraduate participants were identical to those perceived by professional clinicians.
 * d. Although there was no covariation between buttocks and homosexuality in the experiment, there was in the clinical data.

12. Compared to theory-driven judgments, data-driven judgments are ______. b. less cautious c. likely to be made when prior experience in the domain is available d. more dependent on the representativeness heuristic
 * a. more accurate

13. Which of the following is NOT true about confirmation bias? a. It works to bring our recollections into line with our expectations. b. It makes people more alert and responsive to evidence that confirms their beliefs than to challenging evidence. d. It makes us unlikely to seek counterexamples.
 * c. Its effects are usually offset by our general ability to think about covariation.

14. When reasoning, it is important to consider the overall likelihood that an individual will be in one category or another, independent of diagnostic information. This overall likelihood is called: a. stereotyping. c. neglect. d. the standard error rate.
 * b. the base rate.

15. Kahneman and Tversky (1973) asked participants to make judgments about the likelihood that people with certain characteristics were lawyers or engineers. These participants were also told the proportion of people in the overall population who were lawyers or engineers. In this situation, a. Participants made their judgments based on a combination of base rate and diagnostic information. b. Participants ignored both types of information and made their decisions at random. c. Participants ignored diagnostic information and relied only on base rate.
 * d. Participants ignored base rate and relied only on diagnostic information.

16. Poor diagnostic reasoning and illusory correlations have been documented in all of the following cases EXCEPT: a. individuals with considerable experience in the domain being judged. b. participants who have been offered cash bonuses for accurate performance. c. individuals for whom the stakes are very high (e.g., doctors and financial advisors).
 * d. All of the above individuals demonstrate these errors.

17. In which of the following cases are individuals MOST able avoid errors of illusory covariation? b. when their grasp of the importance of sample size is weak c. when expertise in the relevant domain is high d. when they are strongly motivated to do well.
 * a. when they have no pre-existing ideas about a category

18. In one study, participants were told about a characteristic of one individual and then asked how representative they thought this characteristic was of the entire category. All of the following are results of this study EXCEPT: a. If told the chemical composition of a mineral, people were willing to generalize from this single case. b. If told about the body size of a specific person, People hesitated to generalize from this. d. In the right situations, people were unwilling to accept “man who” type arguments.
 * c. In all cases, people tended to generalize from just one or two individuals.

19. According to the dual-process model of reasoning, one mode of thought is ______, whereas the other mode of thought is ______. a. association-driven; speedy c. slower; effort-requiring d. automatic; effortless
 * b. automatic, effortful

20. People are MOST likely to use heuristics: a. when explicit training has primed the effortful system. b. if they are fully alert and without distraction. c. if they have high IQs. 21. Judgments are BEST if people are given information about a population sample in which of the following forms? b. “10%” c. “.1” d. “a probability of one-tenth”
 * d. if they are under time pressure.
 * a. “10 out of 100”

22. Which of the following does NOT increase that likelihood that we will rise above simple heuristics in our reasoning? a. The role of chance is conspicuous in the evidence we are considering. c. We are given data in a form that is easy to translate into statistical terms. d. We have background knowledge that allows us to interpret base rate in a causally meaningful way.
 * b. There are loud, distracting sounds going on in the background.

23. Which of the following is NOT true about statistical training? a. a single training session of less than an hour improves judgment. c. a course in statistics can improve judgment even in tasks not connected to the course. d. training probably helps by allowing us to trigger System 2 thinking more easily.
 * b. training makes us more effective in using the representative heuristic.

24. Which is not a reason background knowledge is useful in reasoning? a. It helps us know which categories are more homogenous than others. b. It can give the base rates more meaning, which makes us more likely to use them. d. It helps people figure out the causal history of evidence.
 * c. It impairs our ability to use the anchoring heuristic.

25. Why does statistical training have an effect? a. It gives us System 2, which we can then use. c. It shows us how effective heuristics are. d. It causes us to use System 2 for all problems.
 * b. It makes it easier to for us trigger System 2.

Answers: 1.d   2.a   3.b    4.c   5.b   6.c   7.a   8.c   9.d   10.a   11.d   12.a   13.c   14.b   15.d   16.d   17.a   18.c   19.b   20.d   21.a   22.b    23.b   24.c   25.b

Chapter 13

1. Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the confirmation bias? b. People often fail to use disconfirming evidence when they encounter it. c. People are more likely to seek confirming than disconfirming evidence. d. People fail to consider alternative hypotheses that might account for the data.
 * a. People tend to take disconfirming evidence at face value.

2. Participants were MOST likely to guess correctly the rule behind a series of numbers if they: a. remembered incorrect guesses as almost correct instead of wrong. b. focused on providing support for their own theories. d. carefully scrutinized disconfirming evidence for flaws and inconsistencies.
 * c. asked questions that could disconfirm their theories.

3. In the study in which people were asked to judge their social sensitivity after being given false positive or negative feedback (but then debriefed), participants were clearly influenced by a. views they had of themselves before the experiment. c. the feedback they had been given, but only if they had forgotten the debriefing that undermined this feedback. d. a memory search done after debriefing to help them disconfirm the false feedback.
 * b. the feedback they had been given, even though they knew it was false.

4. People are often selective in how they search memory for evidence. As a result, a. they usually search memory for evidence that might challenge their current beliefs. c. they usually search memory looking only for recently-acquired evidence. d. they usually search memory looking only for self-flattering evidence.
 * b. they usually search memory for evidence that might confirm their current beliefs.

5. Which of the following is NOT true regarding categorical syllogisms? a. People usually agree that if "all P are M" and "all S are M", then "all P are S." c. People are more likely to endorse conclusions that support what they already believe to be true. d. Performance improves when syllogisms are spelled out in concrete terms.
 * b. When syllogisms endorse conclusions people believe to be false, they will scrutinize them particularly hard, and therefore answer more accurately.

6. What is the common definition of a matching strategy? a. If the two premises match each other, the conclusion is accepted. c. Statements with the same structure are all seen as identical. d. People accept syllogisms when the conclusions match their beliefs.
 * b. If the conclusion matches the premises in wording and structure, it is accepted.

7. Which of the following represents a conversion error? b. endorsing "All A are D" after seeing the premises "All A are B" and "All D are B" c. endorsing "Some A are not B" after seeing the premises “Some A are B” d. failing to endorse "All A are B" on viewing it for the second time
 * a. endorsing "Some F are not G" after seeing the premise "Some G are not F"

8. Errors in reasoning about conditional statements are LESS common when: a. the conclusions diverge from one’s prior beliefs. b. problems are abstract rather than concrete. c. the problems involve negatives.
 * d. the logical rule under question is modus ponens rather than modus tollens.

9. According to the logical error called ______, the following conclusion is justified: "If C is true, then D is true. D is true. Therefore, C must be true." a. denying the antecedent b. modus ponens d. modus tollens
 * c. affirming the consequent

10. Responses to the Wason four-card task (“If an odd number on one side, then a vowel on the other”) versus the Griggs and Cox drinking-age task (“If drinking alcohol then must be over 18”) present a challenge to what previous assumption? a. It is substance of the argument, not the form, that matters for thought. b. Belief bias is an integral part of logical reasoning. c. Thought is heavily influenced by experience.
 * d. Formal logic does not depend on the content of assertions.

11. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to suggest that people perform well on the Griggs and Cox drinking age task (“If drinking alcohol then must be over 18”) because of an evolved special talent in: b. cause-and-effect relations. c. understanding permission. d. reasoning about obligations.
 * a. detecting cheaters.

12. People seem NOT to have pragmatic reasoning schemata that apply to situations involving a. cause-and-effect relations b. obligations c. permission
 * d. if-then relations in general

13.. Sometimes you get candy just as a treat, no matter what you’ve done recently. In that context, the sentence “If you clean your room, you can have candy” describes a condition that is. a. necessary and sufficient b. necessary but not sufficient d. neither sufficient nor necessary
 * c. sufficient but not necessary

14. Which statement about mental models is FALSE? a. A syllogism can be checked by trying to create models that fit with the premises but not the conclusion. b. Some premises can be modeled in more than one way. c. Mental models can be used for syllogisms and conditionals
 * d. The more models a problem requires, the more accurate the solutions tend to be.

15. According to utility theory, people should not: a. calculate expected value based on subjective ratings. c. try to maximize benefits and minimize costs. d. accommodate trade-offs in their decision making. 16. Which of the following is true of utility theory? a. Utility maximization is stigmatized since it implies greed. b. It provides a sloppy but efficient way of moving towards goals. c. It accurately accounts for the decisions people make.
 * b. allow the wording of a choice to affect expected value.
 * d. It involves comparison of summed expected values (utility x probability).

17. If a politician is trying to convince voters to support an action, she would probably have the most success by framing the choice in terms of a. risk if the action involves gains c. expected value (gains vs. losses is irrelevant) d. formal logic if the choice is complex
 * b. being cautious if the action involves gains

18. If people are making reason-based choices rather than utility-based ones, we would expect them to act in the following way: b. give personal gains higher priority than justifications. c. confine reason-based choices to the lab setting. d. engage in strict gain/loss comparison reasoning.
 * a. if there is no clear reason to choose A over B, choose neither.

19. According to the principle of mental accounting, most people, when told an item they are buying is $5 less at another store across town, will. a. go to the other store no matter what the item is b. go to the other store only if the item is expensive. d. remain at the first store no matter what the item is.
 * c. go to the other store only if the item is inexpensive.

20. Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the role of emotions in decision making? a. Certain emotions can cause clear bodily reactions. c. Having justification for decisions can help defend against the emotion of regret. d. People with damage impairing their “gut feelings” are less likely to avoid risky choices.
 * b. Emotions have little place in the reasoned process of decision making.

21. Two parents are presented in a hypothetical custody case. One parent has moderate traits, while the other has some extremely good and some extremely bad traits. When asked who they would award custody to, the majority of people say would award custody to _______. a. the parent with moderate traits. c. either parent, because the extreme positive and extreme negative traits will in effect cancel each other out. d. neither parent, because the choice is too confusing.
 * b. the parent with extreme traits.

22. In a game where one chooses cards from either a high-risk or low-risk stack, participants with orbitofrontal damage a. chose cards from the low-risk stack. b. behaved the same as participants without brain damage. d. correctly assessed the risk but found it exciting rather than aversive.
 * c. only showed increased arousal after turning over a card.

23. Which of the following is TRUE about decision making? a. Overall, people are quite good at predicting their own future reactions. c. Having the option to back out of a decision increases the likelihood of satisfaction with that decision. d. People tend to overestimate their ability to adapt to new features in their environment.
 * b. People tend to overestimate how much they'll later regret their errors.

24. Utility theory seems wrong as a ____ theory of decision making, but looks plausible as a _____ theory: b. normative; descriptive c. risk-seeking; risk-averse d. risk-averse; risk-seeking
 * a. descriptive; normative

25. Decisions based on utility calculations should: a. make us vulnerable to external manipulations. c. lead to self-contradictions. d. be most likely in situations involving questions of morality.
 * b. be immune to framing effects.

Answers: 1.a   2.c   3.c   4.d   5.b   6.b   7.a   8.d   9.c   10.d   11.a   12.d   13.c   14.d   15.b   16.d   17.b   18.a   19.c   20.b   21.b   22.c   23.b   24.a   25.b

Chapter 14

1. In the “Hobbits and Orcs” problem, the ratio of Hobbits to Orcs traveling on the boat would be considered _____________. a. an operator c. a goal state d. an initial state.
 * b. a path constraint

2. Problem-solving heuristics do NOT a. increase the efficiency of problem solving strategies. b. strategically decrease the size of the problem space. d. involve an accuracy-efficiency trade-off.
 * c. guarantee a feasible solution.

3. You live in western Massachusetts and need to get to San Francisco to close a business deal by the following night. Because the only flights that are available are in Boston, you drive east to Boston, in order to catch the first flight to San Francisco that morning. This solution would be impossible if you had exclusively employed a a. means-end analysis b. working-backward strategy c. working-forward analysis
 * d. hill-climbing strategy

4. The strategy whereby one compares the current state to the goal state, often using this information to break a large problem into smaller subproblems, is called b. hill-climbing strategy c. working backward d. analogy generation
 * a. means-end analysis

5. Which features of a problem would cause pictures to be a more useful strategy than mental images? a. The elements of the problem can be visualized. b. The problem solution requires rearrangement of elements. c. The problem requires frequent size or shape modifications of an image.
 * d. The problem solution requires a change in reference frame.

6. In the Gick and Holyoak paradigm, participants were required to solve the tumor problem. Those who demonstrated the fastest solution times were the participants who: a. read the “General and Fortress” solution prior to reading the tumor problem. b. had encountered other problems about tumors that were unrelated to the current problem in deep structure. d. applied the strategy from solving the “Hobbits and Orcs” problem to the tumor problem.
 * c. read the “General and Fortress” solution and were told to apply it to the tumor problem.

7. In one experiment, participants were first exposed to the “General and Fortress” problem and then the tumor problem. However, many failed to use the first problem as a helpful analogy in solving the second problem. How can the procedure be modified to increase use of the “General and Fortress” analogy? a. draw attention to surface similarities b. suggest that they think about something else for a while, then return to the tumor problem d. draw attention away from the underlying structure
 * c. provide additional analogous problems.

8. Chess experts are better at remembering chess positions than novices because: b. they never use a working-backwards strategy. c. they rely more heavily on the use of analogies. d. they have larger memories than novices.
 * a. they use chunking strategies.

9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic distinguishing experts in a particular domain from novices in that domain? a. Experts organize their knowledge more effectively. c. Experts have more automatized routines to deal with different type of problems. d. Experts have more knowledge than novices in their domain of expertise.
 * b. Experts rely more heavily on the working backwards strategy.

10. A non-sports-watching academic, and the coach of the Denver Broncos are told to memorize different football-player configurations. The academic performs: a. worse than the coach on random player configurations, but comparable on the preset play positions. b. worse than the coach on all player configurations. d. better than the coach on all player configurations.
 * c. worse than the coach on the preset play positions, but comparable on the random player configurations.

11. Which of the following statements is true? b. The only benefit of incubation may be that it helps people recover from fatigue. c. Historical evidence supports the idea that problem solving happens in four consistent steps. d. Flashes of insight or illumination, when they arrive, almost always lead directly to the problem’s solution.
 * a. Creativity may be an extraordinary product that results from the right combination of ordinary processes.

12. Participants are given a pair of pliers to help solve the two string problem. Which situation would help overcome the effects of functional fixedness? a. The participants see the experimenter use the pliers to pull a tack out of a table. b. Participants are given a full toolbox with the pliers included. c. Participants complete the “Hobbits and Orcs” problem before attempting the two-string problem.
 * d. The experimenter ‘absent-mindedly’ sets one of the strings swinging back and forth while giving the instructions.

13. Participants’ performance with the water-jar problem, where in each trial they are given three jars of different sizes and need to use those jars to come up with a certain volume of water, demonstrates a. functional fixedness b. incubation c. working backward
 * d. Einstellung

14. Einstellung refers to a state in which a. people add path constraints to an ill-defined problem to make it more well-defined. c. an expert shows advanced chunking strategies that novices are unable to match d. a problem-solver experiences an “aha” moment before a correct discovery
 * b. people approach all problems of a certain sort with the same rigid strategy

15. People had a hard time solving the problem of how to support a candle on a wall. Why? a. They had a hard time understanding the task. b. They did not have time for incubation to lead to illumination. c. They did not have the relevant set of physical skills.
 * d. They had trouble seeing past the most salient functions of their tools.

16. Regarding the use of analogies in problem solving: b. Explicit hints about useful analogies do not prove beneficial to problem solvers. c. People spontaneously make analogies between superficially different problems. d. To use analogy, people must prevent themselves from mapping one situation onto another. 17. the pattern of causal relationships within a problem is the problem’s ______. a. means-end frame b. surface structure d. reference frame
 * a. Students taught new information via analogy were better able to make inferences from that information.
 * c. deep structure

18. All of the following are true with regard to the presentation of multiple analogues EXCEPT: a. Prior presentation of two analogues results in better performance than prior presentation of just one. b. Seeing multiple analogues highlights the underlying structure of the story. d. Participants told that they would be instructing others were more likely to make the appropriate analogies than those told simply to remember it.
 * c. Seeing multiple analogues is helpful for experts but for novices it is just confusing.

19. How does memory search in highly creative people differ from memory search in everyone else? a. highly creative people have extra machinery available to them. c. highly creative people are much faster at searching memory. d. highly creative people use activation but not inhibition.
 * b. highly creative people are better at making novel associations.

20. All of the following are effective strategies for turning an ill-defined problem into a well-defined problem EXCEPT: a. establishing subgoals. c. adding extra constraints. d. adding extra assumptions.
 * b. broadening your set of options and operators.

21. Which of the following responses is a result of Einstellung? b. flexibility in seeking alternative solutions. c. improvement in performance when a prior formula is seen to lead to a dead end. d. failure to automatize successful strategies.
 * a. overlooking a simple response in favor of a practiced, more difficult one.

22. What is a benefit of problem-solving sets? a. They widen your options. c. They make sure your search is thorough. d. They have no benefits and should be avoided. 23. Which of the following things have highly creative people had in common? a. extreme sensitivity to criticism b. external (rather than internal) motivation c. low tolerance for ambiguous findings 24. Wallas believed, probably incorrectly, that creative thought proceeds through four stages in the following order: b. preparation, illumination, incubation, verification c. incubation, verification, preparation, illumination d. incubation, unconscious effort, verification, illumination
 * b. They allow you to focus your search.
 * d. they were in the right place at the right time
 * a. preparation, incubation, illumination, verification

25. Which of the following statements about creative thought is most likely to be true? a. Creative people have less need than others to locate remote associates in memory. c. Incubation works by allowing people to work on a problem’s solution unconsciously until it is ready to re-enter consciousness. d. Highly creative people have almost nothing in common except luck.
 * b. The aha experience implies only that we've discovered a new approach a problem, not that we've discovered the right solution.

Answers: 1.b   2.c   3.d   4.a   5.d   6.c   7.c   8.a   9.b   10.c   11.a   12.d   13.d   14.b   15.d   16.a   17.c   18.c   19.b   20.b   21.a   22.b   23.d   24.a   25.b

Chapter 15

1. Unconscious influences on conscious thinking include all of the following EXCEPT a. subliminal priming c. unnoticed assumptions (sets) that guide problem solving d. frames in the way questions are posed
 * b. the “inner dialogue” we sometimes have

2. Over and over, research shows us that a. people are aware of the mental processes that lead up to a behavior. b. introspection can tell us whether we actually perceived something or only inferred it from incomplete data. d. if you reason carefully and deliberately, you are able to circumvent the influences of the unconscious.
 * c. peoples’ introspections are often wrong, even if they are 100% confident in them.

3. When people offer explanations for their behaviors and decisions, it is because a. they were able to observe their thought processes and report on them. b. though they cannot directly observe thought, they can recognize after the fact which hypotheses about their thoughts are correct. d. they are embarrassed that they don’t know the real explanations, so they make some up.
 * c. they are able to make hypotheses based on what they know about the current situation and their past experiences.

4. When participants were shown a passage from Rabbit Run and asked to point to the section that was responsible for their emotional reaction, they a. were each confident in their answers, but all pointed to different sections. b. agreed about which section was responsible and were proven correct. c. were unable to say with any confidence which section was responsible.
 * d. agreed about which section was responsible but were proven incorrect.

5. When people reconstruct their thought processes, what does it most often feel like? b. lying c. guessing d. being told
 * a. remembering

6. Patients with blind sight: a. can see large shapes and bright colors. b. will perform at chance when guessing whether shapes are Xs or Os. d. will claim that they can visually detect information about objects.
 * c. will reach towards targets and adjust their hand position appropriately.

7. The unconscious is NOT: a. dependent on well-established routines. b. composed of relatively specialized parts. c. guided by habit.
 * d. able to respond to situations in novel ways.

8. Which is the clearest example of what psychologists call an action slip? a. Duncan is not paying attention to where he is going and he trips on the sidewalk. b. Wallace is not paying attention in class and is doodling on his notes instead. d. Madison is unable to see objects, because of brain damage, but she is able to correctly “guess” certain features of the objects.
 * c. Logan is distracted driving to the mall, and he turns the wrong way, down the street he takes to school every day.

9. Consciousness b. includes all the processes involved in our mental lives. c. is located within the workspace neurons. d. is only possible when there’s unlimited focused attention.
 * a. is a state of awareness of sensation or ideas.

10. What is an advantage for conscious, as opposed to unconscious, performance? a. It allows mental tasks to run more quickly. b. It does not require constant attention. d. It is immune to effects of framing.
 * c. It is much more flexible.

11. Different areas of the brain are highly specialized. Each area does its own job and activity there tends to be highly transient. ______________ is what enables us to sustain the activity in these various systems. a. automaticity c. unconsciousness d. creativity
 * b. attention

12. The neuronal workspace hypothesis attempts to explain ______________ consciousness. b. phenomenal c. extended d. self-knowledge
 * a. access

13. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The cognitive unconscious allows for cognitive efficiency at the cost of cognitive flexibility. b. Remembering is a reconstructive process. d. To act on information we have access to, we usually need a reason to take the information seriously.
 * c. Conscious processing is more efficient than unconscious processing, but is also relatively unsophisticated.

14. In the Nisbett and Schachter study, participants were asked to let the experimenter know when they no longer wanted to continue receiving electric shocks. Which of the following is true of the participants who had taken a placebo pill? a. They correctly attributed their physical symptoms to the electric shocks. b. They tolerated fewer electric shocks than those not receiving the placebo pill. c. They reported thinking about the pill frequently during the experiment.
 * d. They experienced shaking and upset-stomach symptoms similar to those in participants not receiving the placebo pill.

15. Which of the following is NOT the case with regard to mistaken introspections? a. Participants usually report high levels of confidence in their reports. b. Participants often highlight aspects of the situation as important when it turns out later that they were not. d. Participants often fail to mention factors that were in fact crucially important in their decision.
 * c. After-the-fact reconstructions and true introspections are easily distinguishable by the person doing the introspection.

16. In her research study, Meg presents the word "bread" so quickly that participants are not even aware that they saw it. Still, they are faster than controls to respond to the word "butter" when it is presented a few moments later. In this case, "bread" acted as a: a. decision frame. b. verbal representation. c. action slip.
 * d. subliminal prime.

17. Evidence from patients with damage to the striate cortex (blindsight patients) indicates that: b. they were unable to reach accurately for a target object even though they reported seeing it. c. they were unresponsive to flashes of light, but could navigate effectively around a room. d. they cannot guess the shapes of stimuli even when they are very simple (e.g. squares and circles). 18. Which was NOT identified by the textbook as something that the various cases of unconscious processing have in common? a. They all rely on well-defined processing modules. c. They are typically guided by the situation itself. d. Each is specialized, doing a job in an identifiable domain.
 * a. they can see without being aware of seeing.
 * b. They are accompanied by an internal sensation of agency in the person who is acting.

19. We would expect an ______ most if a situation calls for a(n) ________ response: a. explicit process; well-rehearsed. b. implicit action; unprimed. d. action slip; well-rehearsed.
 * c. action slip; unconventional.

20. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of attention as discussed by the textbook? a. sustain activity in various systems for prolonged scrutiny b. integrate activity of different systems into a coherent whole d. amplify activity within neural systems
 * c. consolidate newly acquired memories

21. All of the following are benefits we reap from the neuronal workspace EXCEPT: a. a feeling that our conscious experience is unitary and coherent. c. the ability to maintain a mental representation in an active state for an extended period of time. d. the ability to compare the contents being worked on by two neural systems.
 * b. being aware of all mental processes taking place at a given time.

22. According to some current theories, information that is consciously available is considered trustworthy enough to act upon whenever a. one does not have brain damage b. it is vivid enough to base a guess on c. it involves concepts that we are familiar with
 * d. it is confirmed by multiple different systems

23. phenomenal consciousness refers to the state in which we have b. self-awareness and self-reflection c. the ability to use our own knowledge d. the ability to perform automatic actions when the correct triggers are present
 * a. subjective experience

24. The integration of diverse elements in the workspace is NOT necessary for a. detection of conflict b. comparison across the processing components c. inhibition of a habitual act 25. The role of the anterior cingulate cortex, with regard to the neuronal workspace, is to a. control the phonological loop c. connect an object’s color with an object’s location d. initiate the drive for spontaneity
 * d. color perception
 * b. detect and resolve conflicts among different brain systems

Answers: 1.b   2.c   3.c   4.d   5.a   6.c   7.d   8.c   9.a   10.c   11.b   12.a   13.c   14.d   15.c   16.d   17.a   18.b   19.c   20.c   21.b   22.d   23.a   24.d   25.b

title: User:Eliah/RQ


text:
Lydiate Ash

Lydiate Ash is a hamlet in North Worcestershire, England, consisting of a few houses, the road gritting and works depot for Worcestershire County Council and the gritting depot for National Highways. It is in the district of Bromsgrove, to the south-west of Birmingham.

The site is now best known for the Lydiate Ash roundabout, where the A38 and A491 main roads connect to the M5 motorway at the latter's junction 4.

title: Lydiate Ash


text:
Chuck Rock

Chuck Rock is a 1991 slapstick side-scrolling platform video game developed and published by Core Design for the Atari ST and Amiga computers. A Commodore 64 port followed in 1992 and an Amiga CD32 version in 1994. The game was subsequently published by Krisalis Software for the Acorn Archimedes. Virgin Interactive published the game for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, Master System, and the Game Gear. Sony Imagesoft published the game for the Sega Mega-CD, Super NES, and Game Boy.

The character of Chuck Rock was an early mascot for Core Design before the introduction of Lara Croft in the 1996 game Tomb Raider, and the character of Chuck Rock himself and his family even featured in some UK comic books of the 1990s.

Chuck Rock spawned two video game sequels.

Plot
The setting of the game is a fictional prehistorical Stone Age-era world that is shared by both neanderthals, woolly mammoth, saber-tooth tigers, dinosaurs, and various assorted wild primeval monsters such as prehistoric mammals, giant insects, human-eating plants, and other exotica; thus, the setting is similar to that of films such as One Million Years B.C., or television shows such as The Flintstones or Dinosaurs.

The eponymous Chuck Rock is an overweight, square-jawed caveman characterized by loutish and lewd behaviour perhaps influenced by the lad culture of the 1990s. Chuck has a limited vocabulary (his favourite phrase being "Unga Bunga" and not much else), has a balding head cut into a punk-style mohawk, eats whole dinosaur-steaks raw in one bite, and has a penchant for picking up rocks and throwing them at things, hence his name. Chuck is a guitarist and singer (or shouter) in a rock band along with some other cavemen, his attractive wife Ophelia Rock, and a long-haired dinosaur bass player; and whilst on stage he wears a long wig to hide his balding head.

One day, Ophelia Rock is kidnapped by jealous local bully Garry Gritter (a pun on the name of contemporary pop star Gary Glitter) and carried off to Gritter's hang-out in the creepy dinosaur graveyard. Chuck must go to her rescue, searching for her in primeval jungles, swamps, lakes, an ice-capped mountain top, caves, and even the insides of a gigantic dinosaur.

Gameplay
Chuck Rock is a side-scrolling action-adventure puzzle platformer where the player, as the eponymous caveman, rescues his love interest, Ophelia, who is held hostage in a jungle by Gary Gritter. While Chuck watches TV, Gritter knocks her unconscious while she does laundry, carrying her away. The game has five worlds (Jungle, Cave, Water, Ice and Graveyard) each with three to five levels and a concluding boss battle, and provides the player three lives and one continue. Parallax scrolling is present in all versions except the Atari ST. The enemies include dinosaurs (such as small ones that pop out of eggs) and spiders, and Chuck attacks them by thrusting his beer belly, kicking while above ground, and chucking rocks and boulders. Additionally, rocks can shield Chuck from hazards that fall from the top, and boulders can be used as platforms, which is occasionally necessary to obtain certain bonus items. Some animals aid in Chuck's journey, such as flying lizards that he eats, a brontosaurus that he rides, and a crocodile that serves as a seesaw for him to bounce over a wall.

Reception
Reported Computer and Video Games (CVG), Chuck Rock was one of the most popular home computer games upon release. Writing for Mean Machines, Julian called Chuck Rock the best platform game of 1992, Rich the best since James Pond 2: Codename RoboCod (1991). Steve of Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM) called it one of the best action-adventure video games since Sonic the Hedgehog (1991) for its new elements to the genre.

Play Time writer Ray named Chuck Rock one of the funniest mascots to compete to Sonic. Writers of EGM praised its successful combination of humorous elements and "heavy gameplay", Steve arguing Kato and Ken (1990) was the only other game he played that had it. The graphics were frequently acclaimed, called excellent, exceptional, and superb. Ray and the EGM writers spotlighted the humorous animations, Martin noting Chuck's standing animation and Ray the enemies, who he described as "lovely drawn". Julian of Mean Machines described the environments as beautifully-drawn. Ray labeled the graphics a primary motivator for playing the game. EGM's Ed claimed the Sega Genesis could have used more upbeat titles like Chuck Rock.

Games-X called the gameplay exceptional and recommended it to fans of Rick Dangerous (1989). Paul Glancey of CVG called Chuck Rock Core Design's best platformer so far, if simple and unoriginal. The gameplay was praised as addictive, encouraging hours of play. The difficulty curve and potentially long play time was also praised. Julian, who usually hated combinations of platform and puzzle, wrote Chuck Rock successfully combined the genres, reasoning the puzzles were "logical and enjoyable" and did not interfere with the action.

Martin and Ray suggested minor gameplay tweaking; Ray criticized the platforms that Chuck can jump from below to while also being vulnerable to going through when jumping. Glancey also advised more diversions to the experience, such as "a few extra weapons".

The game's humorous sound effects was a frequent highlight. Glancey felt it and the cartoon graphics made Chuck Rock good source material for a cartoon show. Mean Machines highlighted the sound effects, especially those themed to the Stone Age a la The Flintstones (1960–1966). EGM and Mean Machines also admitted to grooving along to the music.

The Genesis port was well-received by critics of EGM for its transition of the graphics from one console to another, Mean Machines its faster performance, larger screen and smooth frame rate. James of Total!, reviewing the Game Boy version, was critical of the collision detection and slow movement of the player character, and found the environments dull.

Legacy
A direct sequel came in 1993 in the form of Chuck Rock II: Son of Chuck, which was also ported to several consoles like its predecessor. Chuck Rock II: Son of Chuck was more aimed at a younger audience than its predecessor, and the player character was not actually Chuck Rock himself but his infant son, Chuck Junior. It was not as well received by fans. Nonetheless around the time of the game's release, Core commissioned a comic strip in the long-running UK children's magazine LookIn, centering on the day-to-day lives of Chuck, Ophelia and Junior. As a meta-referential joke, Chuck Jr owned a 'SteggaDrive' console, as a reference to the Mega Drive name. A year later the magazine was closed (after almost 25 years), and the final strip saw Chuck being swept away from his boat, presumed dead but washing up on a tribal island and being revered as a God - as an inexplicable comic touch, mourners at his 'funeral' included then-Prime-Minister John Major.

A spin-off to Chuck Rock came in the game BC Racers, released later in the same year as Chuck Rock II: Son of Chuck. BC Racers was released on the Mega-CD, Sega 32X and 3DO, and the format was changed from that of a platformer to that of a racing game. The game was designed by Toby Gard, who later created Lara Croft. BC Racers retained the characters of Chuck Rock as well as his son Chuck Junior. Other prehistoric racers include Millstone Rockafella, Brick Jagger and Jimi Handtrix. The game was generally well received among the fans of the consoles in question, and BC Racers was named the Best Sega CD Driving/Racing Game of the Year in GameFan's 1994 "Megawards" (Vol 3, Iss. 1). BC Racers was released as freeware two years later for the PC.

Core promised an updated version of Chuck Rock for a next-generation console, but it never materialized.

title: Chuck Rock


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Cork Hibernians F.C.

Cork Hibernians F.C. was an Irish football club based in Cork. They played in the League of Ireland between 1957 and 1976 and, from 1962, played their home games at Flower Lodge. In 1971, they were League of Ireland champions. The club was dissolved in 1977 due to financial trouble.

History
The club was originally formed by members of the Ancient Order of Hibernians and had previously played as AOH in the Cork Athletic Union League. Under this name the club won the FAI Intermediate Cup in 1952 and were runners-up in the same competition in 1957. 1957 also saw them change their name, turn semi-professional and join the League of Ireland, replacing Cork Athletic. They played at The Mardyke until 1962, when they moved to Flower Lodge. During the late 1960s and early 1970s Hibs enjoyed a local rivalry with Cork Celtic. Both clubs enjoyed moderate success on the field and support for both teams was very strong. Average gates of 10,000 were not unfamiliar. Indeed, at one game at Flower Lodge against Waterford United, a league decider, an attendance of 26,000 was recorded.

Hibernians enjoyed their most successful era under player-manager Dave Bacuzzi, a former Arsenal and Manchester City defender. Bacuzzi joined the club in May 1970. Initially, he thought he had been approached from a mysterious exotic location when he received a misspelled telegram asking him to contact Cork Island instead of Cork, Ireland. Bacuzzi subsequently guided Hibs to several trophies including the League of Ireland title in 1971, beating Shamrock Rovers in a play-off. In 1972 they won the FAI Cup when Miah Dennehy scored a hat-trick in the final against Waterford United and in 1973 they retained the same trophy. This win earned Cork a place in the 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup. In the first round, Hibernians met Czechoslovak outfit Banik Ostrava. In the opening game, away in Ostrava as Cork lost 1–0 on 13 September 1973. On 3 October 1973, Hibs lost 2–1 at Flower Lodge, exiting the competition. Carl Humphries scored the home side's only goal. They also won the all-Ireland competition, the Blaxnit Cup in 1972.

After Bacuzzi left to manage Home Farm in 1974, Hibs remained a top-five club but dramatically folded just before the start of the 1976–77 season. Their crowds had dwindled, and they had lost money fielding ex-England international Rodney Marsh. The club was replaced by another Cork team, Albert Rovers for that season.

In 1985 former player-manager Amby Fogarty attempt to revive the Cork Hibernians name, with the club elected to join the new League of Ireland First Division. However the club was removed from the League of Ireland without playing a game, as the Munster F.A. refused the new team a lease on Turners Cross unless they had their own public liability insurance, which Hibernians could not afford.

Colours
The club wore green shirts, white shorts, and green socks.

Honours

 * League of Ireland: 1
 * 1970–71
 * FAI Cup: 2
 * 1971–72, 1972–73
 * League of Ireland Shield: 2
 * 1969–70, 1972–73
 * Blaxnit Cup: 1
 * 1971-72
 * Dublin City Cup: 3
 * 1965–66, 1970–71, 1972–73
 * Munster Senior League: 5
 * 1942–43, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1962–63
 * Munster Senior Cup: 8
 * 1960–61, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1974–75
 * FAI Intermediate Cup: 1
 * 1951–52

Team records

 * Record Win:
 * 10–1 V's Transport. 20 March 1960, Mardyke.
 * Record Defeat:
 * 2–8 V's Dundalk. 10 November 1957, Oriel Park.
 * Highest Scorer in One Season:
 * Tony Marsden 22 goals (1971–72)
 * Highest League Scorer Aggregate:
 * Dave Wigginton 73 goals;
 * John Lawson 41 goals
 * Tony Marsden 38 goals
 * Donie Wallace 33 goals
 * Miah Dennehy 31 goals.
 * Leading Scorer in all Competitions:
 * Dave Wigginton 130.
 * Highest Attendance:
 * 26,000 V's Waterford United, April 1972, Flower Lodge.

Notable former players

 * Dinny Allen
 * Frankie Connolly
 * Patsy Dorgan
 * Carl Humphries
 * Charlie Tully

Former managers

 * George Lax: 1957–59
 * John McGowan: 1959–61
 * Tommy Moroney: 1961–64
 * George O'Sullivan 1963–64
 * John Maloney 1965–66
 * Amby Fogarty: 1967–69
 * Austin Noonan: 1969–70, 1974–76
 * Dave Bacuzzi: 1970–74

title: Cork Hibernians F.C.


text:
1985 in archaeology

The year 1985 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

 * April - Engine of SS Xantho (sunk 1872) recovered off Western Australia.
 * June 21 - 1928 Scania truck (sunk 1936) recovered from Fryken in Sweden.
 * September - British Vickers Wellington IA medium bomber N2980 (crashed 1940) recovered from Loch Ness in Scotland.

Explorations

 * Sagalassos (Turkey) surveyed.

Finds

 * July 20 - The main shipwreck site of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha (which sank in 1622) is found 40 mi off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who soon begin to raise $400 million in coins and silver.
 * September 1 - The shipwreck of the RMS Titanic (1912) in the North Atlantic is located by a joint American-French expedition led by Dr Robert Ballard (WHOI) and Jean-Louis Michel (Ifremer) using side-scan sonar from RV Knorr.
 * October 13 - A hoard of coins of the Durotriges tribe is found in the rampart of Castle Rings, Wiltshire, England, an Iron Age hill fort, by a metal detectorist.
 * Autumn - Rogozen Treasure: In the village of Rogozen, Vratsa Province, Bulgaria, tractor driver Ivan Dimitrov discovers 65 silver vessels in his garden. In 1986 archaeologists will discover a second hoard consisting of 100 vessels near the spot. Archaeologists date the treasure to the 5th-4th centuries BCE.
 * Cosquer Cave found on the Mediterranean coast of France by diver Henri Cosquer; surviving cave paintings include Gravettian hand stencils and Solutrean animal paintings including a great auk, the earliest known depiction of a seabird.
 * Wrecks of three Spanish Armada ships driven ashore in Autumn 1588, La Lavia, La Juliana, and Santa Maria de Vison, found at Streedagh Strand, north of Rosses Point on the west coast of Ireland.
 * Shipwreck of Greek merchant ship of about 400 BCE found off Ma'agan Michael.
 * Scar boat burial, Orkney.
 * The Middleham Jewel, a 15th-century pendant, found on a pathway at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire (England).
 * The oldest known representation of a cannon, a stone relief sculpture dated 1128, is discovered carved in the walls of Cave 149 of the Dazu Rock Carvings in Dazu, Chongqing, China.
 * Discovery of a Roman amphitheatre at Guildhall, London.
 * Milecastle 4 of Hadrian's Wall located in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.

Publications

 * Theresa A. Singleton (ed.) - The Archaeology of Slavery and Plantation Life.

Events

 * Ruins of Nan Madol in Micronesia declared a protected historic landmark.

Deaths

 * April 11: Olga Tufnell, English archaeologist of the Near East (born 1905)
 * April 18: Gertrude Caton Thompson, English archaeologist of Africa (born 1888)
 * December 5: A. Ledyard Smith, American archaeologist of the Americas (born 1901)
 * December 18: Theresa Goell, American archaeologist of the Near East (born 1901)

title: 1985 in archaeology


text:
Fumble (album)

Fumble is the fifth studio album by American hardcore band Scream. It was recorded in December 1989 at Inner Ear Studios in Arlington, Virginia, and released in July 1993 through Dischord. It is notable for showcasing the band's expansion in style, towards a more post-hardcore sound.

Dave Grohl played drums on the album. He took a lead vocal on one track and helped to write others.

Critical reception
Newsday praised Grohl's drumming on the album, writing that it "has that baseball-bats-against-tree-trunks quality that [he] would make so distinctive in Nirvana."

Track listing
All songs written by Scream.

 * 1) "Caffeine Dream" - 3:14
 * 2) "Sunmaker" - 4:48
 * 3) "Mardi Gras" - 3:51
 * 4) "Land Torn Down" - 3:59
 * 5) "Gods Look Down" - 4:18
 * 6) "Crackman" - 5:43
 * 7) "Gas" - 4:37
 * 8) "Dying Days" - 5:22
 * 9) "Poppa Says" - 4:12
 * 10) "Rain" - 4:37

("Crackman" does not appear on the CD version.)

Personnel

 * Scream
 * Peter Stahl - lead vocals, mixing
 * Franz Stahl - guitars, vocals, mixing
 * Skeeter Thompson - bass, vocals
 * Dave Grohl - drums, lead vocals on "Gods Look Down"
 * Eli Janney - producer, mixing
 * Tomas Squip - photography

title: Fumble (album)


text:
Gustave Mesureur

Gustave Émile Eugène Mesureur (2 April 1847 – 19 August 1925) was a French politician. He was born in Marcq-en-Barœul (Nord) on 2 April 1847. He worked as a designer in Paris, and became prominent as a member of the municipal council of Paris; rousing much angry discussion by a proposal to rename the Parisian streets which bore saints' names.

In 1887 he became president of the council. The same year he entered the Chamber of Deputies, taking his place with the extreme left. He joined the Léon Bourgeois ministry of 1895-1896 as minister of commerce, industry, post and telegraphs, was vice-president of the Chamber from 1898 to 1902, and presided over the Budget Commission of 1899, 1901 and 1902. He was defeated at the polls in 1902, but became director of the Assistance Publique. His wife, Amélie de Wailly (b. 1853), was well known as a writer of light verse and of some charming children's books.

Mesureur was a prominent freemason. He was Grand Master of the Grande Loge de France from 1903 to 1910, from 1910 to 1911 and from 1924 to 1925.

title: Gustave Mesureur


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User:Pasini~enwiki

I am user Pasini, 19-year old youngman from Finland. Though I usually edit only finnish Wikipedia articles, I read the english ones with great interest.

title: User:Pasini~enwiki


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Talk:RWD 17

Untitled
Shouldn't it be moved to Rogalski Wigura Drzewiecki Mark 17..? Halibutt 15:38, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Stupid remark. Pibwl ←« 18:57, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:RWD 17


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2003 in archaeology

Explorations

 * Start of Stonehenge Riverside Project (continues to 2008).
 * Identification of Neolithic sources of jadeite on Monte Viso and Monte Beigua in Italy.

Excavations

 * Start of Ness of Brodgar excavation in Scotland.
 * Start of Dungarvan Valley Caves Project in Ireland.
 * Full excavation of High Pasture Cave on Skye.

Finds

 * April - First British cave art discovered at Creswell Crags.
 * June - Staffordshire Moorlands Pan found in England, a Celtic vessel with inscriptions relating to Hadrian's Wall.
 * July - Russian monitor Russalka (1867) located by sonar in the Gulf of Finland.
 * August - Tse-whit-zen village discovered on the Washington coast during construction work.
 * Autumn–December - Prittlewell royal Anglo-Saxon burial near Southend-on-Sea in England, the grave, dated to about 580 AD, of a high-status man, perhaps Saexa (brother to Sæberht of Essex), buried with objects including Christian symbols.
 * Boscombe Bowmen's shared grave of around 2300 BCE discovered in southern England.
 * Cirebon shipwreck (early 10th century) in the Java Sea, containing a large amount of Chinese Yue ware and important evidence of the Maritime Silk Road.
 * Dutch-built fluyt Swan located in Baltic Sea.
 * Roman base silver coin hoard at Chalgrove in Oxfordshire, England, including one of Domitianus, briefly ruler of the Gallic Empire.
 * Iron Age gold coin hoard at Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire, England.

Publications

 * Wayne D. Cocroft and Roger J. C. Thomas - Cold War: building for nuclear confrontation 1946-1989.
 * Adrienne Mayor - Greek Fire, Poison Arrows and Scorpion Bombs: biological and chemical warfare in the ancient world.
 * Colin Renfrew - Figuring It Out: What are we? Where do we come from? – The parallel visions of artists and archaeologists.
 * Ruth M. Van Dyke and Susan E. Alcock (ed.) - Archaeologies of Memory.
 * Ruth M. Van Dyke and Susan E. Alcock (ed.) - Archaeologies of Memory.

Events

 * July 17 - The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage adopts the Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage.
 * November 10 - Official opening of the Department of First World War Archaeology in the Institute for the Archaeological Heritage of the Flemish Community (IAP) at Ypres.
 * December 26 - The 2003 Bam earthquake devastates the Arg-e Bam in Iran.
 * Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory group formed.
 * The fake "ancient Egyptian" Amarna Princess statue, actually made by Shaun Greenhalgh, is sold to Bolton Museum in England.

Deaths

 * January 22 - Mary Chubb, English archaeologist and author; worked in Egypt and the Near East (b. 1903)
 * July 30 - Mendel L. Peterson, American underwater archaeologist (b. 1918)

title: 2003 in archaeology


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Talk:Shane Watson

Deleted much of style section due to copyright infringement
I deleted all the bowling section and most of the batting section as both copy and paste from sites which are copyright protected. I haven't got time to try a rewrite.

http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/585247.html

http://www.mycricketgame.com/cricket-all-rounder-tips-shane-watson.html Marchino61 (talk) 03:34, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shane Watson


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User talk:X2-PB

Welcome!
Hello, X2-PB, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:48, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

title: User talk:X2-PB


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User talk:Srioux

Welcome!
Hello, Srioux, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:48, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything or simply wish to say hello. :)

Blanking User Pages
Please don't blank pages, especially other users' pages. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 16:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Srioux


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Simon Jordan

Simon Jordan (born 24 September 1967) is an English businessman and media personality. He made his fortune in the mobile phone industry. In 2000, he purchased Crystal Palace Football Club and remained chairman of the club until administration in early 2010. In 2002, he co-founded the car magazine Octane, selling his 50% shareholding in 2006. In 2006, he opened the restaurant Club Bar and Dining in London's Warwick Street, and sold it in 2011. Jordan is currently a co-presenter on the weekday mid-morning sports programme Talksport, White and Jordan.

Crystal Palace
Jordan and Briggs left Pocket Phone Shop in 2000 after selling the company to One2One for reportedly circa £80m. That year, Singapore financier Jerry Lim bought Crystal Palace Football Club, who had been hours from extinction, from the administrators, and immediately sold it on to Jordan. Then aged 32, Jordan immediately appointed himself chairman, making him the youngest chairman of a Football League club. Having been born "100 yards from the ground" Jordan had been a lifelong fan, and he noted "I have been prepared to put my money into something I truly believe in, and my first job is to turn the fortunes of this club around." Jordan also vowed that the club would be promoted to the Premiership, within five years. They achieved this in four years. Despite owning the club, Jordan did not own the ground, which belonged to Ron Noades, who had been chairman from 1981 to 1998.

Jordan announced in July 2008 that he planned to sell the club and move away from football, stating he had "been disillusioned with football for a long time". This occurred following a Football Association tribunal's decision on the John Bostock transfer to Tottenham Hotspur, after which Jordan stated "It's a panel of halfwits". Palace were awarded only £700,000, having valued Bostock at £5 million.

No potential buyers came forward to make a bid for Crystal Palace, and the club became embroiled in deep financial trouble. Rumours persisted of personal financial difficulties as Jordan faced cash flow problems relating to wage payments at the club in November and December 2009. On 26 January 2010 Crystal Palace went into administration and Jordan's ownership came to an end.

Managers
Jordan gained a reputation as a hirer-and-firer of managers early in his Crystal Palace ownership, though this changed as his reign progressed. Between 2000 and 2003 five managers departed the manager's post: Steve Coppell (August 2000), Alan Smith (April 2001), Steve Bruce (November 2001), Trevor Francis (April 2003), and Steve Kember (November 2003). Of these, only Coppell and Bruce left of their own accord, with Coppell's departure brought about by a personality clash and Bruce's resignation leading to a High Court case.

Iain Dowie was appointed in December 2003 and the club went up the table from the relegation zone to win promotion in May 2004, beating West Ham United at Cardiff's Millennium Stadium in the play-off final, fulfilling Jordan's promise of promotion within five years. However, the club remained in the Premier League for just one season before being narrowly relegated in 2005. In May 2006, having accepted Dowie and Jordan had differences but the same goal, Dowie left the club by mutual consent. However, towards the end of the month Dowie joined Charlton Athletic as their new manager, prompting Jordan to issue a legal writ against him, claiming Dowie had lied about his reasons for departure.

Peter Taylor, a former Crystal Palace player, was installed on 13 June 2006. However, his tenure lasted just 16 months, ending on 8 October 2007 with the sack. Jordan stated he wanted Taylor to be remembered as a good player for Crystal Palace rather than a bad manager. On 11 October at a press conference he unveiled Neil Warnock as the new manager, which failed to surprise many as the two were reported to be good friends. The club embarked on a superb run of form that saw them move from the relegation places into the 2007–08 season play-offs, but the relationship between the pair ended in a dispute after Warnock left the club to join Queens Park Rangers following the Eagles entering administration.

Dowie court case
Jordan succeeded in his High Court battle against Dowie, with Mr Justice Tugendhat ruling that Dowie had lied when negotiating his way out of his contract at Crystal Palace. Dowie won the right to appeal against that decision, leading to it being heard in the Court of Appeal. In April 2008, Crystal Palace settled out of court with Dowie.

Selhurst Park
In October 2006 Jordan claimed to have purchased the freehold to Selhurst Park from Ron Noades for £12 million, using an investment mechanism that kept his identity secret. He claimed the obfuscation had been necessary due to the "very, very difficult" relationship he had with Noades. Crystal Palace were now seen to be safe for the future. It later transpired that the freehold had been bought by the company Selhurst Park Limited, which was owned by another company. A maze of ownership finally showed the legal ownership being 60% Paul Kemsley and 40% a venture capital company owned by HBOS. Jordan has since offered the freehold for sale with the intention of taking back a long lease on the property. Simon Jordan's exact position on the freehold was unknown, although Jordan later agreed a 25-year lease for Selhurst Park. Selhurst Park Limited later went into administration (separate from Crystal Palace Football Club's own administration), leading to the stadium being purchased by the CPFC 2010 consortium, led by Steve Parish at the same time as the consortium buying Crystal Palace.

Career as a columnist
As of the 2005–06 season, Jordan wrote a fortnightly column for The Observer newspaper. A column in which he said football agents should be neutered led to him being charged by the Football Association with bringing the game into disrepute. The case was heard on 7 December 2005 with a charge of improper conduct proven. Jordan was given a suspended fine of £10,000. But, backed by other journalists and by media advisor Max Clifford, Jordan indicated his intention to appeal, stating "I didn't start this fight, but it's not something I'm going to walk away from." His appeal was heard on 10 April, and was rejected by the three-member panel, two votes to one. Jordan commented in his 16 March column in The Observer that he and his advisors were "now considering taking this through the courts. Any legal action I take won't be about wasting time or resources on a petty point of principle – it'd be an attempt to see the whole thing unravel."

Jordan also used the column to highlight the inconsistencies in the F.A. disciplinary panel. The same panel decided no disciplinary action would be taken against Paul Jewell, manager of Wigan, who had been charged on the basis of making comments similar to Jordan's. Jordan described the compliance process as being "based on mood", noting: "There's no frame of reference, no consistency – and, yes, it's personal. It amounts to me not being able to say a referee is incompetent while others can, using the same language."

Whilst awaiting the outcome of the appeal, it appeared as though the events were having an effect upon him, as on 26 February 2006 it was reported by The News of the World newspaper that Jordan was tired of being chairman, and wanted to go back to being a regular fan. He has since reported in his 5 March 2006 Observer column, that he was misquoted and that he had simply restated what he had said eight months before, that "I don't plan to stay at Crystal Palace or in football all my life. I'd like to return to the stands 'as quickly as possible', but I won't sell until I've secured a sound legacy – Premiership football and a new ground"

Jordan stopped writing for The Observer in the 2006–07 season. He started writing again with his own column entitled "Simon Jordan’s Big opinion" in The Sun from August 2019 to November 2020.

Television and radio
Aside from appearances in football-related programmes, Jordan's first major TV appearance was in early 2007, appearing in Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway for ITV along with fellow millionaires the Ann Summers managing director Jacqueline Gold (daughter of West Ham chairman David Gold; entrepreneur Duncan Bannatyne; MOBO Awards founder Kanya King; and former Conservative Member of Parliament-turned-novelist Jeffrey Archer).

In May 2019, Jordan appeared on BBC's Question Time.

In 2018, Jordan began a relationship with the sports broadcaster Talksport, featuring on shows with Danny Kelly and being nominated for sports pundit of the year in 2019. In 2020 after the success of his appearances, he joined Jim White on one of Talksports flagship shows. As of 2022, he often appears with Danny Murphy and Martin Keown.

Film production
In 2006 Jordan part funded and executively produced Sweeney Todd, a film featuring Ray Winstone and Tom Hardy.

In 2008, Jordan produced the film version of Telstar based on the play about the life of record producer Joe Meek. The film followed Jordan's production of the play of the same title at London's New Ambassadors Theatre. The film was solely funded by Jordan and featured Kevin Spacey, James Corden and JJ Feild. It was reasonably well-received by critics opening in 45 screens in the UK and selling releases in 32 countries.

Author
In 2012 Jordan published an account of his life, an autobiography Be Careful What You Wish For. The book recounts his business success in the cellular phone business, but mostly focuses on his time as the youngest ever owner of a professional football club as chairman of Crystal Palace Football Club.

The book was a critical and commercial success, it was published by Random House achieved an award at The British Sport books awards and was a finalist in the William Hill sports awards.

Personal life
It was reported by the Daily Mirror's website in January 2006 that Jordan had bought girlfriend Meg Mathews (the former wife of Oasis guitarist Noel Gallagher) a Porsche worth £100,000 for Christmas, along with a personalised number plate, and that the couple had been together since July 2005. However Jordan gave details of the ending of this relationship in March 2006, admitting that it had been Mathews who had ended the relationship, while attacking the News of the World, which had reported that Jordan had "ditched Mathews" the week before. Jordan wrote of the matter in his Observer column, "the piece belittled someone who has been very important to me over the last nine months."

In October 2006, a woman, Tara Stout, was found guilty of harassing Jordan and a restraining order was issued.

Jordan has a daughter with his ex-partner Suzi Walker, born in January 2008.

In 2012, Jordan said he "blew" his £75 million fortune, with £40 million lost on his Crystal Palace venture. On 21 March 2018, Jordan was robbed of his £100,000 watch during a gunpoint robbery in Croydon, South London.

Jordan is in a relationship with businesswoman and broadcaster Michelle Dewberry, and in July 2020, the couple had a boy. Jordan has resided in Marbella and London.

On 8 August 2023, Jordan told Talksport that he was recovering from prostate cancer, and urged men as young as late thirties to get the PSA blood test. Dewberry replayed the interview on her GB News programme that day, saying she was proud of him.

title: Simon Jordan