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Symbols of leadership

Leadership cadres use symbols to reinforce their position power and provide a level of differentiation. Clothing frequently articulates rank or privilege, but accessories and external entities of varying functionality may also serve to mark out leaders - from finger rings to personal aircraft.

Presidential symbols
Presidential symbols include many various insignia or other devices to denote a president's position. Some symbols follow accepted constitutional or diplomatic standards: flags, sashes, entrance Marches or a medallion or necklace. The use of the symbols mostly occurs for domestic purposes.

Examples of such symbols include the American presidential march "Hail to the Chief", and the presidential sashes worn by the presidents of Latin America nations. More practical, semi-symbolic features also abound: bodyguards may lurk semi-overtly; a head of state may use a special aircraft (see for example Air Force One).

Royal/Imperial symbols
Ruling dynasties often exploit pomp and ceremony with the use of regalia: crowns, robes, orb and sceptres, some of which are reflections of formerly practical objects. The use of language mechanisms also support this differentiation with subjects talking of "the crown" and/or of "the throne" rather than referring directly to personal names and items.

Monarchies provide the most explicit demonstration of tools to strengthen the elevation of leaders. Thrones sit high on daises leading to subjects lifting their gaze (if they have permission) to contemplate the ruler. Architecture in general can set leaders apart: note the symbolism inherent in the very name of the Chinese imperial Forbidden City.

The culture and legends about the ruling family may build on myths of divine-right and describe the ruler or the Son of Heaven.

Court ceremonial highlights symbolic distance between a royal/imperial leader and follower, in a hierarchical system which cultivates a social system and power network at whose centre is the monarch. Bowing and curtseying remain as examples of the self-abasement of hand-sucking, bowing and scraping, prostration, kowtowing and proskynesis formerly demanded.

Sometimes colour plays a special role in advertising monarchical status: thus the once very rare pink/maroon dye color became a symbol reserved for imperial clothing - see purple.

Archaic touches often symbolically recall a glorious historical past: thus horse-drawn carriages replace everyday motor-vehicles for royal state occasions, and courtiers and flunkeys in elaborate dress grant a sense of ancient distance. And monarchs emphasize the remaining traces of their divine right to rule when undergoing anointing at the hands of the Church during coronation ceremonies.

Socio-political leadership symbols
Overlapping with and/or emulating royalty, a ruling class or an aristocracy can devote much of its energy into "keeping up appearances" and emphasizing the purity of noble blood by apartness. Symbolism can aid this process cheaply. A coat-of-arms (perhaps in the form of a banner or on note-paper) or the wearing of a sword can incur less expense than maintaining a stately home. The visible presence of servants or slaves reminds underlings of social distance. Patronage, especially of fashion, provides one of the most symbolic attributes of social leaders or would-be leaders. Compare conspicuous consumption.

Military leadership symbols
Apart from more elaborate uniform and their distinguishing marks (epaulettes, caps, medals), senior military officers may traditionally carry a baton or affect a similar substitute (such as a swagger stick or cane). Compare staff of office.

Banners, pennants and guidons serve (or served in the past) to identify leaders as rallying-points or field command-posts. Traces of these continue on staff cars or on naval ships, for example: see broad pennant and compare the concept and origin of a flagship.

Ecclesiastical leadership symbols
Religious dignitaries often use vestments to emphasize the overall sacred nature of their organization. But some touches identify leaders and make them more imposing: a bishop's mitre, for example, a cardinal's red hat, a papal tiara or a papal ring. Less flamboyant faiths may use subtler symbolism to set religious leadership, holiness or saintliness apart: the understated dark vestments of the Protestant clergyman, the relatively unobtrusive clerical collar, or even the nakedness of a stereotypical Hindu ascetic fakir.

Gender-related leadership symbols
Ownership of a harem has both practical and symbolic uses for leaders in traditional polygamous societies: harems spread genes and symbolically demonstrate wealth and status. Within such harems whole systems of symbolism may develop: the use of exclusive and inaccessible apartness, veiling, and the employment of eunuchs. Cultures which practise serial monogamy feature harem-analogous symbolism in the flaunting of trophy wives.

Items such as codpieces may suggest the assumed superiority of one gender-role over another: or symbolic leadership (implied by implied potency) within patriarchal structures. A slightly less extreme example, but one more common in modern times, expresses power relationships (and thus leadership symbolism) through the use of the phrase "wearing the trousers".

Ancient Egyptian pharaohs used a stylised artificial labdanum-soaked goats-hair beard as one of the regalia of rulership: a clear case of associating a male attribute with leadership.

Symbols of leadership in offices
The suit continues to mark out the managerial class (which pretends to leadership functions) as a whole from ordinary blue-collar or non-suited workers. Suits stand at the apex of a system of dress code details: international standard business attire, with largely symbolic associations; see for example:
 * Collar (clothing)
 * Business casual
 * Necktie
 * White-collar worker

At the top levels of a bureaucratic organisation, senior leaders often attempt to merge the practical with the symbolic, making the perks of office appear functional: they may claim larger cars, smaller computers, an entrance guarded by a (non-digital) personal assistant, a large but uncluttered desk and (especially) a "corner office" with an aesthetically uplifting view.

title: Symbols of leadership


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Shining Soul II

Shining Soul II (シャイニング・ソウルII) is an action role-playing game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Grasshopper Manufacture, as the sequel to Shining Soul and part of the Shining series.

The game is a dungeon crawling hack and slash, playing similarly to Diablo or Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance. It features eight playable characters, ten dungeons tied into a storyline, and eight hidden dungeons to explore. The game supports multiplayer via link cable as well as single-player.

Gameplay
The game features eight character classes which can be improved up to level 200. Each is customisable with a variety of weapons, spells, support abilities, and attributes. Different classes who can use the same weapons attack differently from them. For example, the Warrior's spear attack is a thrust, while the Archer throws his spear over a distance. Each usable spell in the game has its own spellbook, and only classes with that spell on their skills list can use the spellbook to cast the spell.

 * Warrior - A well-balanced melee class. Default name: Eric (Alex in Japanese).
 * Archer - Attacks from afar using bows and spears, and summons forest creatures. Default name: Rwinn (Luin in Japanese).
 * Sorceress - Uses a variety of offensive elemental spells from a distance. Default name: Premiera (Pamela in Japanese).
 * Dragonute - The slowest but toughest melee class. Default name: Tyroth (Tiros in Japanese).
 * Priestess - Specializes in healing and support spells. Default name: Prim.
 * Dark Wizard - Uses Dark elemental spells. Default name: Armand (Bloodstar in Japanese).
 * Brawler - The most powerful and quick offensive melee class, but suffers from low defence. Default name: Zachs (Sachs in Japanese).
 * Ninja - A swift medium-ranged class using a mix of spells and physical attacks. Default name: Raizen.
 * ??? - A Dark wizard similar to Armand; the secret character who becomes available after beating the game once. Has no default name.

Each character is able to equip up to three weapons and three items for use and switch between them at any time. The player can get 3 extra slots either by equipping the Backpack or Knapsack. Attacks are performed by tapping the attack button or holding it to charge a more powerful attack. Beyond regular equipment, a "Soul" item can also be equipped; it is charged by defeating enemies and unleashed to inflict massive damage on nearby enemies. They come in various elemental types and levels of effectiveness. They are graded on the Roman numerals I, II, III, IV and V, with V being the strongest and taking the longest to charge up.

Characters also have resistance to a number of elements: Fire, Ice, Thunder, Light, Dark and Poison. These can be raised by equipment, but also through endurance: by taking damage of a particular elemental kind, they can increase their resistance to it, but being killed by an attack of that type will decrease the resistance level by a point.

Multiplayer
The multiplayer is very similar to that of Diablo. The player characters navigate the dungeon and attack monsters. Players can give items to each other by throwing or dropping them. The party can only move to the next area when every player character has either passed the exit point of the current area or died. Opening the inventory window does not pause the game (in single-player or multiplayer), so some players can reorganize their inventory while others engage in combat. Some classes are more useful in multiplayer, such as the priestess or archer.

Plot
Shining Soul II has little connection to the storyline of the rest of the series aside from a reference to the events of Shining Soul in the introduction. However, an alternate universe version of Boken from Shining Force appears as a major NPC, traditional Shining mascot Yogurt is hidden in one of the stages, and a number of dungeons from the original Shining Soul appear as short hidden dungeons.

Centuries after the defeat of Dark Dragon in Shining Soul, the light had become too strong, opening the way to a resurgence of darkness. A crystal in the possession of King Marcel and Queen Yvonne of Klantol, which throughout the story reflects the current balance of light and darkness, turns from shining to cloudy. An alchemist named Gillespie, a member of a dark order, the Chaos Knights, worms his way into the friendship of King Marcel's most trusted knight, Deatharte. Gillespie then disappears, leaving something called "the forbidden fruit" with Deatharte. Driven by curiosity, Deatharte eventually eats the fruit and is corrupted by darkness.

Later, a tournament at the Klantol Colosseum is interrupted by news that Princess Camille has been abducted. King Marcel orders Deatharte to search for her. Deatharte pretends to obey but instead goes to join the Chaos Knights. Since Marcel is also concerned about an army of goblins mustering near the castle, he sends a promising young participant in the tournament (the player character) to investigate. Penetrating the goblin fort, the young hero not only confirms that the goblins were planning an attack on the castle, but learns that they abducted Camille and delivered her to the evil witch Wizari, who plans to sacrifice her to increase her power. The hero defeats the goblins and recovers the key to Camille's prison. Since Deatharte has naturally still not returned, Marcel relies upon the young hero to journey to Wizari's palace and save Camille. He succeeds in doing this and slaying Wizari.

The celebration is short-lived, as normally peaceful beings are driven mad by darkness. The hero's investigations of these incidents take him to the mainland of Klantol, where he uncovers a plot by the Chaos Knights to conquer the world. Meanwhile, Princess Camille sneaks away to find Gillespie and manages to learn the password to the Chaos Knights' hidden stronghold. She is later trapped in Koldazhek Cave but is rescued by the hero and tells him the password. Infiltrating the Chaos Knights' stronghold, the hero slays both Gillespie and Deatharte, who had become the leader of the Chaos Knights.

The defeat of the Chaos Knights, however, causes a violent shift in balance from darkness to light, awakening a destructive power called Chaos, which even the forces of darkness fear. Marcel, Yvonne, Camille, and the court wizard are spirited away by Chaos. A former knight guides the hero to a passage to Chaos's realm. The hero goes there and defeats Chaos, rescuing the four prisoners and restoring balance to the world.

Reception
Shining Soul II received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of all four eights for a total of 32 out of 40. The earliest reviews came from Electronic Gaming Monthly (nearly four months prior to the game's release), Game Informer (nearly three months prior), and Nintendo Power (nearly two months prior).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shining Soul II


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Push the Button (Money Mark album)

Push the Button is the second studio album by American musician Money Mark, originally released on the Mo' Wax label in 1998. It peaked at number 17 on the UK Albums Chart.

"Hand in Your Head" and "Maybe I'm Dead" were released as singles, the former reaching number 40 and the latter reaching number 45 on the UK Singles Chart.

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

Musicians
 * Mark Ramos-Nishita – vocals, keyboards, guitar
 * Sean Lennon – bass guitar
 * Russell Simins – drums
 * Alfredo Ortiz – drums (4)
 * Hutch Hutchinson – bass guitar (7)
 * Jim Keltner – drums (7, 11)
 * Al McKibbon – bass guitar (8)
 * Rocco Bidlovski – drums (8)
 * Stuart Wylen – flute (8)
 * Eric Bobo – percussion (8)
 * Craig Fundinga – vibraphone (8)
 * Tony McDaniel – bass guitar (11)

Technical
 * Mark Ramos-Nishita – production (1, 4-7, 9, 10, 12-18)
 * Mario Caldato Jr. – production (1-4, 7, 8, 11, 13)
 * Craig Silvey – additional production (4, 15-18)
 * Jim Abbiss – additional production (9)
 * Ben Drury – design, button photography
 * Tamra Davis – Money Mark photography
 * James Lavelle – A&R
 * Robert Bennett – management

title: Push the Button (Money Mark album)


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User talk:Prashantc

welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

pamri 06:04, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Prashantc


text:
Tom Hodgkinson

Tom Hodgkinson (born 1968) is a British writer and the editor of The Idler magazine, which he established in 1993 with his friend Gavin Pretor-Pinney. His philosophy, in his published books and articles, is of a relaxed approach to life, enjoying it as it comes rather than toiling for an imagined better future. The Idler was named after a series of essays written by Dr Johnson from 1758 to 1760.

Biography
Tom Hodgkinson was born in Newcastle, England. He is the brother of journalist and author Will Hodgkinson; their father is the science and medical writer Neville Hodgkinson and their mother is the prolific non-fiction writer and journalist Liz Hodgkinson.

Hodgkinson was educated at Westminster School and Jesus College, Cambridge, during which time he played the bass guitar in the Stupids-influenced thrash band Chopper. He lived in North Devon until 2013. He currently lives in London.

In the early 1990s, he worked at a Rough Trade Records shop in London, where he had the idea for The Idler. In the late 1990s, he became an importer of absinthe.

From 1995 to 1997 he was Joint Head of Creative Development at Guardian Newspapers, where he worked for Carolyn McCall and Alan Rusbridger.

From 1997 to 2002 he and Gavin Pretor-Pinney ran Idle Industries, a creative consultancy with clients such as Channel 4, The Guardian, Sony PlayStation, ad agency Mother, Paramount TV and Oakley. The pair launched the Crap Towns series of books.

Hodgkinson has contributed articles to The Sunday Telegraph, The Guardian and The Sunday Times as well as being the author of the Idler spin-offs, How To Be Idle, How To Be Free and The Idle Parent.

How to Be Idle has been translated into 25 languages and was a best-seller in the UK, US, Italy, Germany and the Czech Republic.

In 2006 he created National Unawareness Day, to be celebrated on 1 November.

In March 2011 he and his partner Victoria Hull launched The Idler Academy in London, a school running courses in philosophy, public speaking, grammar, ukulele, singing, drawing, calligraphy, astronomy, foraging, bread baking, bartitsu and small business.

In April 2013 he launched the Idler Academy Bad Grammar Award, and in September 2013 he launched the Ukulele Player of the Year competition. Bloomsbury UK and Bloomsbury US published his and Gavin's book, The Ukulele Handbook.

title: Tom Hodgkinson


text:
User talk:CorbieVreccan

Women and Wikipedia: the world is watching. How Wikipedia Erases Indigenous History - Native editors are fighting back.

"If you are new here, and feeling angry, please read Tips for the Angry New User before explaining to us how terribly wrong and messed up Wikipedia is. Would you believe, we probably already know? You can also familiarise yourself with Wikipedia culture via these ^^^ policy links and helpful essays."

"If you've been an admin for a while, and are feeling burnt out, take a step back and take some deep breaths, and don't forget to WP:CHILL"

Feedback request: Politics, government, and law request for comment
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"Sol Pendavis Williams" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol_Pendavis_Williams&redirect=no Sol Pendavis Williams] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. GnocchiFan (talk) 21:12, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

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Precious anniversary
miss you --Gerda Arendt (talk) 10:17, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

Wikipedia’s Indian problem
An essay in a scholarly journal discusses why User:CorbieVreccan left Wikipedia: Kyle Keeler, "Wikipedia’s Indian problem: settler colonial erasure of native American knowledge and history on the world’s largest encyclopedia", Settler Colonial Studies (24 May 2024). Yuchitown (talk) 14:04, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:CorbieVreccan


text: Category:Former Norwegian colonies

title: Category:Former Norwegian colonies


text:
User:Jarredwalton

I qualify in almost every regard as a computer geek. I started geeking out at the ripe old age of five with the Magnavox and later Colecovision game consoles (and probably Atari and some others as well). By the age of 10, I had a Commodore 128 and had started typing in BASIC programs from books. I didn't have a clue what I was writing, and it would some times take days, but it was a lot of fun in a warped sort of way. My dad got an IBM XT when I was about 11, and soon after upgraded to the amazingly fast 8 MHz IBM AT. Ahhhh, the good old days of monochrome graphics....

By the time I was 16, I worked all summer and saved up $1500 to blow on my very own 286/12 MHz with a whopping 2 MB of RAM and a 40 MB hard drive, only to find out a few months later that I needed a 386 in order to play Wing Commander in all its glory. I upgraded to a 386/33 MHz not long after (and sold my "archaic" 286 to some unwitting person for the same price I bought it for). Then I upgraded to an amazing 8 MB of RAM in the hopes of playing Strike Commander properly. (I failed.) From there, I went to a 486/33 with 8 MB of RAM, then a 486 DX2/66 with 16 MB of RAM, followed by a Pentium 120 with 16 and then 32 MB of RAM....

At this point, I started earning enough money that one PC was no longer enough. I had Cyrix 586 and 686 PCs - that sucked - AMD K5s and K6s and K6-2s - never tried a K6-III - and of course the Intel chips. The Intel systems were always my primary PC, since they were invariably faster. I also got into overclocking with those. My Pentium MMX 200 ran at 250 MHz on my Abit IC5H with the 430HX chipset and 256 MB of RAM. Then I went through two Celeron 300A CPUs, since one would only overclock to 375 while the retail CPU would run 464 MHz. I took my BX motherboards (Abit BH6 and BE6-II) all the way up to 800 MHz before switching to an 815E motherboard (when my BE6-II failed due to leaking capacitors).

Around this time, I got married, so my "play money" decreased, and I had to limp along on a P3/Celeron A system running at 1.47 GHz for almost three years, going from a GeForce 256 SDR to a GeForce 2 GTS to a GeForce 4 Ti4200. My wife is now working as a car salesperson, so I finally have more play money again. I upgraded in March 2004 to an Athlon XP 2500+ OEM, because I had a couple extra heatsinks sitting around. That was a mistake I recently rectified by spending the extra money on an XP 2500+ Mobile chip and Zalman heatsink/fan, which now overclocks much better.

In other areas of my life, I studied Computer Science at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah before moving on to other pursuits. My passion for computer hardware eventually led to my becoming an editor for the tech website AnandTech (http://www.anandtech.com) in August 2004. That's a story in and of itself. I was basically "recruited" by Kristopher Kubicki. The reality is that I happened to send a rather detailed email about CPU code names and features to Kris on a whim, asking for a shout out if he used the material in an article. Instead, he asked me to give writing a shot and I put together the CPU Cheatsheet article, followed by a couple others. It was well received, and eventually led to Anand Shimpi offering me a contract. I now focus primarily on Buyer's Guides and Small form factor reviews along with various other articles including technology roadmaps.

Going back to my "computer biography," things really got out of hand with my joining the AnandTech team. I now have more hardware than I really know what to do with, but that's better than not having enough. My current system is running an Athlon 64 3200+ on an MSI K8N Neo Platinum with 2x512MB Mushkin PC3500 2-3-3-6 1T RAM. Graphics are provided by a Leadtek 6800GT. Refer to my article list for other hardware I likely have in my possession, however.

Article History
 * CPU Cheatsheet - Seven Years of Covert CPU Operations
 * Intel Roadmap Update: Mobile and Server Edition
 * GPU Cheatsheet - A History of Modern Consumer Graphics Processors
 * Announcing RS690 and Kaleidoscope IGP; Expanding the ATI Core Logic Sector
 * RAM - Memory Technology Overview
 * Buyer's Guide - Entry Level, October 2004
 * AMD CPU Roadmap: Q3'04 Lots More Semprons
 * VIA Q3 2004 Chipset Roadmap Updates
 * Buyer's Guide - Mid-Range, October 2004
 * Intel CPU Roadmap: Less is More
 * Gaming Buyer's Guide - November 2004
 * Close Encounters of the Small Kind
 * AMD CPU Roadmap: Q4'04 Two Heads are Better than One
 * Buyer's Guide - Entry Level, January 2005
 * Buyer's Guide - Mid-Range, January 2005
 * Beating the System: The AnandTech Guide to Economic Upgrading
 * SFF Roundup, Part I: Socket 478 and 754 Systems
 * SFF Review - Shuttle XPC SN25P
 * Buyer's Guide - Entry Level to Mid-Range, March 2005
 * System Review – PC-Club Silencer
 * WinHEC 2005 - Keynote and Day 1
 * WinHEC 2005: Day 2
 * WinHEC 2005: Coverage Wrap
 * Processor Obfuscation and You: An Update on AMD and Intel CPUs
 * Buyer's Guide: Mid-Range to High-End, May 2005
 * Entry Level Buyer’s Guide, July 2005
 * Q3'05 AMD Roadmap; DDR2 and New Sockets for AMD

title: User:Jarredwalton


text: File:Prince Crazy.jpg

title: File:Prince Crazy.jpg


text:
Category:Former Danish colonies

Territories which still belongs to the Kingdom of Denmark, although not formally known as colonies anymore, are listed in Category:Danish dependencies.

title: Category:Former Danish colonies


text: User talk:68.47.80.157

title: User talk:68.47.80.157


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/St Brown's University

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 17:32, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

St Brown's University
Presumably a hoax. Uppland 06:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If it's secretive, we can't verify it now, can we? Might exist in some third rate work of fiction, I suppose, but this appears to be the connected alleged band vanity BODMAS. That's the band that's alleged, not the vanity. Average Earthman 08:44, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought that a rewrite might be in order. I looked around.  But I have not been able to verify the existence of any institute of tertiary education, fictional or real, by this name. Brown University is not named after a saint, moreover. Delete. Uncle G 11:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax/unverifiable. Dcarrano 16:31, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax, or too secret for us to know. -- Etacar11   00:04, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 04:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Located brief references in the following texts: The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality by Julie A. Reuben (in my UoC Press edition it's page 174) also frequent nods to St. Brown's in The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman (when you consider the alleged Freemason connection these should become fairly obvious) User:Moi 04:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC) (This vote actually by )
 * A search of the Newman text on Amazon.com finds no such reference to this University. -- Etacar11   17:05, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And this IP vandalized two other pages after coming here. -- Etacar11   00:18, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Baby Face (film)

Baby Face is a 1933 American pre-Code-enforcement drama film directed by Alfred E. Green for Warner Bros., starring Barbara Stanwyck as Lily Powers, and featuring George Brent. Based on a story by Darryl F. Zanuck (under the pseudonym Mark Canfield), Baby Face portrays an attractive young woman who uses sex to advance her social and financial status. Twenty-five-year-old John Wayne appears briefly as one of Powers's lovers.

Marketed with the salacious tagline "She had it and made it pay", the film's open discussion of sex made it one of the most notorious films of the Pre-Code Hollywood era and helped bring the era to a close as enforcement of the code became stricter beginning in 1934. Mark A. Vieira, author of Sin in Soft Focus: Pre-Code Hollywood has said, "Baby Face was certainly one of the top 10 films that caused the Production Code to be enforced." In 2005, Baby Face was included in the annual selection of 25 motion pictures to be added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress.

Plot
Lily Powers, an attractive young woman, works for her father, Nick, in a speakeasy in Erie, Pennsylvania, during Prohibition. Her father has been prostituting her to his customers since she was 14 years old. An influential politician threatens to have the speakeasy shut down after Lily refuses to have sex with him. Nick berates Lily for rejecting him. Lily then tells Nick she's moving out and that she'll hate him forever for forcing her to have sex with strangers. Minutes later Nick is killed in an explosion while repairing his burning still.

After her father's funeral, Lily visits Cragg, an old cobbler and the only man she trusts. She tells him she was offered a job as a stripper at a local burlesque club. Cragg disapproves and encourages her to adopt Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy of exerting one's personal power over others for self interest. In Lily's case, that means using her sexuality to exploit men financially rather than allowing men to exploit her sexually.

Later she and her best friend, a young Black woman named Chico who was her co-worker at the speakeasy, illegally board a freight train to New York City but are discovered by a railroad worker. He threatens to report them to the police but Lily seduces him and the two women remain on the train.

In Manhattan, Lily seeks work at Gotham Trust, a large international bank. She seduces the personnel worker to land a clerical job. In the filing department, Lily begins an affair with Jimmy McCoy Jr., who recommends her for promotion to his boss, Brody. She easily seduces Brody, and he promotes her to the mortgage department. Later, Brody and Lily are caught having sex in the ladies' room by a rising young executive, Ned Stevens. Ned fires Brody on the spot. Lily then falsely claims that Brody forced himself on her and that she was afraid of losing her job if she resisted. Ned believes her and he gives her a position in his accounting department.

Ned is engaged to Ann Carter, the daughter of First Vice President J. P. Carter. Despite this, Lily seduces Ned as well. When Ann calls Ned's office to say she will be visiting, Lily arranges to have Ann see her embracing Ned. Ann runs crying to her father, who tells Ned to fire Lily. Ned refuses so J.P. advises Ned to take a vacation and kindly offers to handle the situation. J. P. calls Lily to his office to fire her. Lily claims she had no idea Ned was engaged and that he was her first boyfriend. Lily salvages her situation by seducing J. P. and he installs her in a lavish apartment with Chico as her maid. Ned, who is now in love with Lily, quits the bank and breaks off his engagement with Ann. He then tracks Lily down on Christmas Day but she spurns him. He later returns to her apartment to propose but finds J. P. there. He shoots J.P. to death and then shoots himself and dies.

Courtland Trenholm, the grandson of Gotham Trust's founder and a notorious playboy, is elected bank president to handle the resulting scandal. The board of directors learns Lily has agreed to sell her diary to the press for $10,000 which includes the stories of her multiple office affairs. Consequently, the board members summon her to their meeting room. She tells them she is a victim of circumstance and wants to move far away, change her name and earn an honest living. The board considers giving her $15,000 to withhold her diary. Courtland, however, sees through her ruse and instead offers her a position at the bank's Paris branch and to pay for her travel expenses. She reluctantly accepts and later changes her name.

When Courtland travels to Paris on business, he is impressed to find Lily promoted to head of the travel bureau. He takes her out for dinner and later invites her to travel with him. He falls in love with her during their vacation. Lily suggests marriage and Courtland agrees. Lily then moves back to New York with her new husband.

Soon afterwards, the bank fails due to mismanagement which the board unfairly pins on Courtland. He is indicted and tells Lily he must raise money to finance his legal defense. He therefore asks her to return all the bonds, stocks and jewelry he's given her. She refuses, saying that would impoverish her. She then leaves and books passage on a ship back to Paris. However, she reconsiders while waiting for her ship to leave port.

She disembarks and searches for Courtland. She finds him in his office where he has shot himself in the abdomen but is still alive. She tearfully professes her love for him and tells him he can have all of her money. During the ambulance ride, a paramedic assures her Courtland will likely survive. Lily accidentally drops her jewelry case, spilling money and jewels on the floor. When the paramedic points this out, she tearfully tells him they do not matter anymore. Courtland opens his eyes and sees Lily.

Cast

 * Barbara Stanwyck as Lily Powers
 * George Brent as Courtland Trenholm
 * Donald Cook as Ned Stevens
 * Alphonse Ethier as Adolf Cragg, a cobbler
 * Henry Kolker as J. P. Carter
 * Margaret Lindsay as Ann Carter
 * Arthur Hohl as Ed Sipple
 * John Wayne as Jimmy McCoy Jr., one of Lily's early bank conquests

 * Robert Barrat as Nick Powers, Lily's father
 * Douglass Dumbrille as Brody
 * Theresa Harris as Chico, Lily's friend and maid
 * Charles Coleman as Hodges (uncredited)
 * Nat Pendleton as Stolvich (uncredited)
 * Harry Tenbrook as laborer (uncredited)
 * Edward Van Sloan as Jameson, Bank Director (uncredited)
 * Harry Wilson as laborer (uncredited)

Production
This film was Warner Bros.' answer to MGM's Red-Headed Woman (1932) starring Jean Harlow, another pre-Code Hollywood film with a similar theme. Production head Darryl F. Zanuck wrote the treatment for the film and sold it to Warner Bros. for a dollar. The Great Depression was having a devastating effect on the film industry at the time, and many studio personnel were voluntarily taking salary cuts to help. Zanuck did not need the money because he was drawing a weekly salary of $3,500. He later left Warner Bros. and became the head of production at 20th Century Fox.

Aside from its depiction of a seductress, the film is notable for the "comradely" relationship Lily has with African-American Chico, who is her co-worker in Erie, Pennsylvania, and comes with her to New York City. She later becomes Stanwyck's maid, but their relationship remains friendly, and not that of a mistress and her servant. When Lily's father tries to fire Chico, Lily tells him that if Chico goes, she goes. At one point in the film, J.P., annoyed by Chico's singing (“St. Louis Blues”—see below) says, "I wish you'd get rid of that fantastic colored girl,”  to which Lily responds, with grim finality, "No. Chico stays."

Stanwyck had influence on the film's script. It was her suggestion that Lily had been forced by her father to have sex with the customers of his speakeasy.

Baby Face was shot in 18 days, and cost $187,000.

A publicity still from this film aptly shows Barbara Stanwyck posing next to a stepladder, representing Lily's step-by-step up the ladder of success, as she seduces one man after another.

Music
An instrumental version of the 1926 hit song "Baby Face", composed by Harry Akst, is played over the opening credits and in later scenes. However, the soundtrack is dominated by an instrumental version of "Saint Louis Blues"  by W. C. Handy, particularly when Lily is working on her latest victim. This theme plays as the camera pans from floor to floor on a model of the bank building as she works her way up through the ranks. Theresa Harris sings lines and phrases from “St. Louis Blues” in character as “Chico" throughout the film, and a triumphant brass finish plays at the close of the final scene. Ralph Erwin's “I Kiss Your Hand Madame”, from the 1929 film of the same name, serves as the theme for the romance between Lily and Trenholm.

Censorship
After its initial limited release, the Hays Office recommended that the film be pulled from distribution entirely because of multiple violations of the Production Code. Extensive correspondence took place between Zanuck and Jack L. Warner of Warner Bros. and the Association of Motion Picture Producers (AMPP) about ways to make the film more acceptable to state and city censors. The primary change was to alter the ending to one which showed Lily losing everything and returning to her roots in her home town, where she is content to live a modest lifestyle, thus showing the audience that her sexual vices were not ultimately rewarded. Also, Lily's status as a "kept woman" was made less obvious, and the scene where she seduces a railroad worker in a boxcar, while her friend Chico is on the other side of the car, singing "Saint Louis Blues", was cut.

Another significant change was that the cobbler's enthusiasm for Nietzschean philosophy was replaced by his becoming the moral voice of the film, showing that Lily had been wrong to use her body to succeed. The cobbler's original speech was:

"A woman, young, beautiful like you, can get anything she wants in the world. Because you have power over men. But you must use men, not let them use you. You must be a master, not a slave. Look here – Nietzsche says, 'All life, no matter how we idealize it, is nothing more nor less than exploitation.' That's what I'm telling you. Exploit yourself. Go to some big city where you will find opportunities! Use men! Be strong! Defiant! Use men to get the things you want!"

The altered version, with the cobbler as the voice of morality, was:

"A woman, young, beautiful like you, can get anything she wants in the world. But there is a right way and a wrong way. Remember, the price of the wrong way is too great. Go to some big city where you will find opportunities! Don't let people mislead you. You must be a master, not a slave. Be clean, be strong, defiant, and you will be a success."

The new lines were dubbed onto an over-the-shoulder shot of the cobbler.

The New York State Censorship Board rejected the film's original version in April 1933, and Warners made the changes described above, as well as cutting some sexually suggestive shots. In June 1933, the Board passed the revised version, which then had a successful release. The film was also initially rejected by the censorship board in Virginia.

The uncensored version remained lost until 2004, when it resurfaced at a Library of Congress film vault in Dayton, Ohio. George Willeman is credited with the discovery. The restored version premiered at the London Film Festival in November 2004. In 2005, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry and also was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 best movies of the last 80 years. Turner Classic Movies shows the uncensored version.

Box office
According to Warner Bros., the film earned $308,000 domestically and $144,000 foreign.

Critical response
Reviews contemporary with the film's release were not positive. Mordaunt Hall in The New York Times panned the film, calling it "an unsavory subject, with incidents set forth in an inexpert fashion," while a review in The New York Evening Post said "You cannot escape the belief that Lily is a vixen of the lowest order and that the men who play with her are doomed to perish in the flames."

Modern reviews are more appreciative: Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "a fascinatingly conflicted artifact of Depression-era do-me feminism. Lily Powers is one of the screen's great hard girls, and "Baby Face" can't decide whether to celebrate her or string her along." Mick La Salle, movie critic for the San Francisco Chronicle, said "The differences between the original and the release versions of "Baby Face" are small, and yet combined they spell the difference between a good three-star movie and a delightful four-star movie."

title: Baby Face (film)


text:
User:CorbieVreccan

 ☛ talk contribs Upage based on a design by Webclient101.

title: User:CorbieVreccan


text:
Conway's law

Conway's law describes the link between communication structure of organizations and the systems they design. It is named after the computer programmer Melvin Conway, who introduced the idea in 1967. His original wording was:

"[O]rganizations which design systems (in the broad sense used here) are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations."

- Melvin E. Conway

The law is based on the reasoning that in order for a product to function, the authors and designers of its component parts must communicate with each other in order to ensure compatibility between the components. Therefore, the technical structure of a system will reflect the social boundaries of the organizations that produced it, across which communication is more difficult. In colloquial terms, it means complex products end up "shaped like" the organizational structure they are designed in or designed for. The law is applied primarily in the field of software architecture, though Conway directed it more broadly and its assumptions and conclusions apply to most technical fields.

Variations
Eric S. Raymond, an open-source advocate, restated Conway's law in The New Hacker's Dictionary, a reference work based on the Jargon File. The organization of the software and the organization of the software team will be congruent, he said. Summarizing an example in Conway's paper, Raymond wrote: "If you have four groups working on a compiler, you'll get a 4-pass compiler."

Raymond further presents Tom Cheatham's amendment of Conway's Law, stated as: "If a group of N persons implements a COBOL compiler, there will be N−1 passes. Someone in the group has to be the manager."

Yourdon and Constantine, in their 1979 book on Structured Design, gave a more strongly stated variation of Conway's Law: "The structure of any system designed by an organization is isomorphic to the structure of the organization."

James O. Coplien and Neil B. Harrison stated in a 2004 book concerned with organizational patterns of Agile software development: "If the parts of an organization (e.g., teams, departments, or subdivisions) do not closely reflect the essential parts of the product, or if the relationships between organizations do not reflect the relationships between product parts, then the project will be in trouble ... Therefore: Make sure the organization is compatible with the product architecture."

More recent commentators have noted a corollary - for software projects with a long lifetime of code reuse, such as Microsoft Windows, the structure of the code mirrors not only the communication structure of the organization which created the most recent release, but also the communication structures of every previous team which worked on that code.

There’s also an old car industry joke:

"You can see the organization chart of a car company in the dashboard, and also see whether the steering wheel team hates the gear stick team."

Interpretations
The law is, in a strict sense, only about correspondence; it does not state that communication structure is the cause of system structure, merely describes the connection. Different commentators have taken various positions on the direction of causality; that technical design causes the organization to restructure to fit, that the organizational structure dictates the technical design, or both. Conway's law was intended originally as a sociological observation, but many other interpretations are possible. The New Hacker's Dictionary entry uses it in a primarily humorous context, while participants at the 1968 National Symposium on Modular Programming considered it sufficiently serious and universal to dub it 'Conway's Law'. Opinions also vary on the desirability of the phenomenon; some say that the mirroring pattern is a helpful feature of such systems, while other interpretations say it's an undesirable result of organizational bias. Middle positions describe it as a necessary feature of compromise, undesirable in the abstract but necessary to handle human limitations.

Supporting evidence
An example of the impact of Conway's Law can be found in the design of some organization websites. Nigel Bevan stated in a 1997 paper, regarding usability issues in websites: "Organizations often produce web sites with a content and structure which mirrors the internal concerns of the organization rather than the needs of the users of the site."

Evidence in support of Conway's law has been published by a team of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard Business School researchers who, using "the mirroring hypothesis" as an equivalent term for Conway's law, found "strong evidence to support the mirroring hypothesis", and that the "product developed by the loosely-coupled organization is significantly more modular than the product from the tightly-coupled organization". The authors highlight the impact of "organizational design decisions on the technical structure of the artifacts that these organizations subsequently develop".

Additional and likewise supportive case studies of Conway's law have been conducted by Nagappan, Murphy and Basili at the University of Maryland in collaboration with Microsoft, and by Syeed and Hammouda at Tampere University of Technology in Finland.

title: Conway's law


text:
Nasopharyngeal airway

In medicine, a nasopharyngeal airway, also known as an NPA, nasal trumpet (because of its flared end), or nose hose, is a type of airway adjunct, a tube that is designed to be inserted through the nasal passage down into the posterior pharynx to secure an open airway. It was introduced by Hans Karl Wendl in 1958. When a patient becomes unconscious, the muscles in the jaw commonly relax and can allow the tongue to slide back and obstruct the airway. This makes airway management necessary, and an NPA is one of the available tools. The purpose of the flared end is to prevent the device from becoming lost inside the patient's nose.

Sizes
As with other catheters, NPAs are measured using the French catheter scale, but sizes are usually also quoted in millimeters. Typical sizes include: 6.5 mm/28FR, 7.0 mm/30FR, 7.5 mm/32FR, 8.0 mm/34FR, and 8.5 mm/36FR.

Indications and contraindications
These devices are used by emergency care professionals such as EMTs and paramedics in situations where an artificial form of airway maintenance is necessary, but tracheal intubation is impossible, inadvisable, or outside the practitioner's scope of practice. An NPA is often used in patients who are conscious or have an altered level of consciousness where an oropharyngeal airway would trigger the gag reflex. The use of an NPA is contraindicated when there is trauma to the face, especially the nose or if there is a suspected skull fracture.

Insertion
The correct size airway is chosen by measuring the device on the patient: the device should reach from the patient's nostril to the earlobe or the angle of the jaw. The outside of the tube is lubricated with a water-based lubricant so that it enters the nose more easily. The device is inserted until the flared end rests against the nostril.

title: Nasopharyngeal airway


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Horcruxe

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. Joyous (talk) 17:23, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Horcruxe
This is a mispelling of Horcrux. The improperly spelled article contains little to no information (and nothing that isn't already in the properly spelled page). At the very best, if left undeleted, it might serve as a redirect for a common (?) mispelling. I should probably add for Harry Potter fans who see this that the page contains a moderate unmarked spoiler for the sixth book. TheIncredibleEdibleOompaLoompa 06:17, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Horcrux. TheCoffee 07:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Redirect to Horcrux, there is nothing in this article that isn't already in the Horcrux article. Cyclone49 07:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Horcrux. Dcarrano 16:33, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Horcrux. Seano1 19:46, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Horcrux. --Phoenix Hacker 02:23, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Melvin Conway

Melvin Edward Conway is an American computer scientist, computer programmer, and hacker who coined what is now known as Conway's law: "Organizations, who design systems, are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations." The adage remains relevant in modern software engineering and is still being referenced and investigated.

Apart from the above, Conway is perhaps most famous for developing the concept of coroutines. Conway coined the term coroutine in 1958 and he was the first to apply the concept to an assembly program. He later authored a seminal paper on the subject of coroutines, titled "Design of a Separable Transition-diagram Compiler", which included the first published explanation of the concept. In this paper, he proposed organizing a compiler as a set of coroutines, which allows using separate passes while debugging and then running a single pass compiler in production. Another famous paper is his 1958 proposal of an UNCOL, a Universal Computer Oriented Language, which attempted to provide a solution to economically produce compilers for new programming languages and computer architectures.

Conway wrote an assembler for the Burroughs model 220 computer called SAVE. The name SAVE was not an acronym, but a feature: programmers lost fewer punched card decks because they all had "SAVE" written on them.

His work on Pascal compiler for Rockwell Semiconductor (an immediate-turnaround Pascal trainer for the Rockwell AIM-65) led to an arrangement between Apple and Think Technologies (where he served as a principal) under which the latter produced the original (1984) Mac Pascal and Apple II Instant Pascal.

In the 1970s, he was involved with the MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System) medical programming language standard specification for the National Bureau of Standards. He also wrote a reference book on MUMPS in 1983.

Conway was granted a US patent in 2001 on "Dataflow processing with events", concerned with programming using graphical user interfaces. The patent expired in 2019.

In 2002, Conway obtained a teacher license for high school math and physics in Massachusetts. He taught at Chelsea High School from 2002 to 2006.

Education

 * Ph.D. Mathematics, Case Western Reserve University (1961). Dissertation: "A Set-Theoretic Model For Logical Systems", Advisor: Raymond John Nelson
 * M.S. Physics, California Institute of Technology
 * B.S. Physics, Case Western Reserve University

Selected publications

 * Conway, Melvin E. (July 1963). "Design of a separable transition-diagram compiler". Communications of the ACM, vol. 6, num. 7, pp. 396–408. doi: 10.1145/366663.366704
 * Conway, Melvin E. (April 1968). "How do Committees Invent?". Datamation, vol. 14, num. 4, pp. 28–31.

title: Melvin Conway


text: User talk:James Montgomerie

title: User talk:James Montgomerie


text:
File:Soporesreiten.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Sopor Aeternus & The Ensemble of Shadows album Es reiten die Toten so schnell.

title: File:Soporesreiten.jpg


text:
Lawton S. Parker

Lawton S. Parker (7 April 1868 – 1954) was an American impressionist painter.

Biography
Born in Fairfield, Michigan, raised in Kearney, Nebraska, Parker studied at the Art Institute of Chicago beginning in 1886. He traveled to France and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts. For a time, he was associated with the Giverny art colony and adopted an impressionist style. After returning to the United States, in 1892 he was appointed professor of the St. Louis School of Fine Arts. He became director of art at Beloit College in 1893, and president of the New York School of Art in 1898-99. Beginning 1903, he resided in Chicago and taught at the Art Institute.

Among his sitters for portraits were Martin A. Ryerson, J. Ogden Armour, N. W. Harris, Harry P. Judson, and Peter S. Grosscup. He received the silver medal at the Saint Louis Exposition in 1904; gold medals at the International Exposition, Munich, in 1905, and at the Paris Salon in 1913 (the first American so honored ); and was awarded the medal of honor at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in 1915. Parker was also the president of the Rodin Studios corporation, which developed an artists' cooperative housing of the same name in New York City.

He died at age 86 in Pasadena, California.

title: Lawton S. Parker


text:
File:Soporesreitenbox.jpg

Summary
A5 book cover of the Sopor Aeternus & The Ensemble of Shadows album Es reiten die Toten so schnell.

title: File:Soporesreitenbox.jpg


text:
Es reiten die Toten so schnell

Es reiten die Toten so schnell (or: the Vampyre sucking at his own Vein) (German: "The Dead Ride So Fast") is the seventh album by darkwave act Sopor Aeternus and the Ensemble of Shadows, and was released in 2003. A double vinyl edition and an A5-sized boxed set edition was released, in limited quantities of 666 and 1,999 copies, respectively. The double vinyl edition came with a poster, T-shirt, postcards, communion wafers and "authenticated" graveyard soil.

Overview
For Es reiten die Toten so schnell, Anna-Varney Cantodea went back to her demo tape of the same name and re-recorded all of its songs; the first seven tracks of this album consist of the demo tape in its original sequence. The rest of the album features re-recordings of the bonus tracks that were included on the first Sopor Aeternus album, Ich töte mich..., along with a handful of new songs. "Birth - Fiendish Figuration", Sopor Aeternus' signature song from their first album, appears again in its fourth incarnation on a record. The original version of "Reprise" was a spoken word piece featuring a line from the bridge of "Dead Souls".

John A. Rivers, producer for Swell Maps, Dead Can Dance and Love and Rockets, was brought in to oversee production on 'Es reiten... The album was recorded in England, as opposed to Sopor Aeternus' home country of Germany.

Personnel

 * Chris Wilson: Violin
 * Elizabeth Tollington: Cello
 * Marcus Cornall: Double bass, electric bass
 * Tonia Price: Clarinet
 * Eugene de la Fontaine: Oboe
 * Eric Santie-Laa: Cor anglais
 * Doreena Gor: Bassoon
 * James Cunningham: Trumpet
 * Julian Turner: Trombone
 * Joan Sweet: Tuba
 * Paul Brook: Drums
 * Anna-Varney Cantodea: Vocals, all other instruments and programming

title: Es reiten die Toten so schnell


text:
File:Soporesreitenvinyl.jpg

Summary
Vinyl box cover of the Sopor Aeternus & The Ensemble of Shadows album Es reiten die Toten so schnell.

title: File:Soporesreitenvinyl.jpg


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Los Angeles Fashion District

The Los Angeles Fashion District, previously known as the Garment District, is a business improvement district (BID) in, and often cited as a sub-neighborhood of, Downtown Los Angeles. The neighborhood caters to wholesale selling and has more than 4,000 overwhelmingly independently owned and operated retail and wholesale businesses selling apparel, footwear, accessories, and fabrics.

Status and boundaries
The Fashion District has no official, government-recognized status.

It is recognized as a subdistrict of Downtown by the Downtown Los Angeles Neighborhood Council (DLANC), which states its boundaries as:
 * to the west, Main Street
 * to the south, Washington Blvd. (west of Alameda Street) and 26th St. (east of Alameda St.)
 * to the east, the Los Angeles River (DLANC definition) or by the Fashion District's definition, Paloma Street, three blocks east of San Pedro Street.
 * to the north, generally 7th St. and Skid Row and the Arts District

In earlier documents, the DLANC defined the eastern parts of what it now terms the Fashion District as the Warehouse District, Produce District, and Southern Industrial District.

History
The identification of a "garment district" is relatively new in Los Angeles' history as a large city. In 1972 the Los Angeles Times defined the L.A. Garment District as being along Los Angeles Street from 3rd to 11th Street, an area that today straddles the border of Skid Row and the very northwest end of the current Fashion District. At the time, the newspaper stated that 2,000 garment manufacturers were located in that area, which was "virtually unknown to most Los Angeles residents".

By 1982 the district was a roughly 20 block area from Maple to Main and 7th to 12th streets and had become a popular place for Angelenos to seek fashions at cheaper prices. There were about 500 retail outlets, and key destinations for shoppers included the Cooper Building, the Fashion Center Building and "The Alley", now known as Santee Alley.

Workers are mostly Latin American and Asian immigrants.

BID organization
The LA Fashion District BID states that it "has pioneered a collaborative effort among area stakeholders that continues to foster a clean, safe, and vibrant environment for everyone who experiences the district. We are promoting increased business activity, enhancing property values, and attracting further investment in the area.". It is 1 of 9 BIDs in Downtown LA and 1 of over 40 BIDs in the City of Los Angeles. A binding assessment levied on property owners funds BID activities, and a 15-member Board of Directors elected by district property owners oversees the organization.

Points of interest

 * Santee Alley, 210 E. Olympic Boulevard
 * FIDM, 919 S. Grand Avenue

title: Los Angeles Fashion District


text:
User talk:Tealpetunia

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! I must say you're off to a great start with your article on DYK.--Pharos 06:24, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Tealpetunia


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Tasmanian Devil

Tasmanian Devil
Comprehensive article on a unique and interesting animal, meets all the FAC criteria. --nixie 06:26, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Question: What does the license on Image:Devil facial turmor disease.jpg and Image:DFTD dec04.jpg mean? It seems to prohibit modification of the images, re-use of the images in the creation of other works, and commercial use of the images.  As such, it would be an insufficiently free license for Wikipedia. --Carnildo 07:31, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It allows modification, all it really asks for is that subsequent commercial (either in part or whole) use states the original copyright owners interest in the image. Thats a pretty free licence in my opinion. --nixie 07:42, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Question: Below, I listed a bunch of stylistic concerns with the article. What's the general procedure with Feature Article Candidates? I could have made several of my suggested changes myself, but once someone lists something here, is the general policy "hands off" until the FA candidacy is resolved?BrianSmithson 18:50, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No clue what the policy is, but considering this is an open source encyclopedia, there is nothing stopping you from making some of these corrections yourself if thats your asking about. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 19:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Brian, I'm also unsure what official policy decrees, or if there is any "official" policy on this. I believe that any and all articles remain accessible for editing, and have frequently seen articles edited while being considered as FA, however I think general etiquette is that major changes are discussed first.  Many of the changes you suggested could have been made at your discretion as they are not changing the style, content or meaning of the article.  For example I changed "Devil" to "devil".  Improvements to grammar, consistancy, spelling, etc should always be welcomed at any stage of the article's life cycle,  but more substantial changes such as the use of upper case/lower case in the article title, certainly you were correct in raising here. Rossrs 03:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Strong Support: Yet more great work from nixie! --Cyberjunkie | Talk 11:35, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Support: This article is very comprehensive. It outlines so much about a unique creature that before reading it, I thought was just a cartoon character (see The Tasmanian Devil. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 12:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Good article. BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC) Oppose: The name and article title should be "Tasmanian devil". See answers.com and Britannica. My old Grolier does it the same way. "The Devil" is a proper noun, "Tasmania" is a proper noun, "devil" in this case is not. BrianSmithson 12:33, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Although I've always thought it was "Tasmanian Devil" (capitalised) and have always written it so (and probably always will), it turns out Brian is correct. OED also writes it as "Tasmanian devil".--Cyberjunkie | Talk 12:50, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've struck this objection out as inactionable, despite what you may believe, there is actually a strong conscensus amongst editors working on mammals to use caps for their names, see the recent and long discussion on ToL, and Naming conventions (fauna) which suggests caps for common names. The article is internally consistent, so I don't believe that this is actually an issue. --nixie 13:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's fine with me. I prefer it capitalised. Neither style is employed universally in the real world, so as long as Wikipedia is consistent, there should be no problem.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 13:20, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please don't strike out other people's objetions, especially if you are the person who listed the article for FAC in the first place.
 * I still strongly oppose the naming used in the article, but following your links, I see that there is no single policy in force at Wikipedia for common names. For what it's worth, a review of every dictionary and encyclopedia I could find at the bookstore today shows that they do not capitalize these names. At the moment, I'm willing to shelve that particular objection.
 * My opposition still stands, however. The meat of the article is good, but there are some stylistic problems. These are:

 * #Consistency of nomenclature. If we're going to use "Tasmanian Devil", let's do so consistently. As it is now, the article uses "Tasmanian devil" at least once, "Devil" once, and "devil" several times.
 * I had already changed the single use of "Devil" to "devil", however I think the use of the word "devil" is perfectly correct, as it is the word commonly used for this animal, particularly in Australia. Have a look at this website from Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife - this is common use. .  My suggestion would be to make reference in the lead paragraph. Something like "Tasmanian Devil.........., commonly known as devils...." would explain the use of the word, so that in the remainder of the article it is acceptable to retain the use of the single word "devil".  Rossrs 03:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added an explanation that the animal is smiply referred to as a devil, the article should be consistent otherwise. --nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There were a few more "Tasmanian devils" and "Devils" sans "Tasmanian", so I've fixed them.BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Other animal names. Why aren't other animal names capitalized like "Tasmanian Devil"? Examples in the article include: quolls, thylacine, wombat, kangaroos, wallaby, and dingoes. Perhaps there's some wrinkle of the peculiar Wikipedia proposed policy that I'm missing.
 * Thylacine is the only one that should also be capitalised, the other groups mentioned do not refer to a single species but a group of species. --nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Somewhat related: I spelled out that Thylacine = Tasmanian Wolf (shudder at the naming . . .  :) when it appears. I'd never heard the former, so hopefully this will help a few other readers, as well.BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Numbers. See Manual of Style (dates and numbers). The TD article uses numerals and written-out numbers; the MoS says to pick one "guideline" and stick to it. I'd suggest that the numbers 1-20 be spelled out, while 21 and up be represented as a numeral. As the article is, we have, for example, "6 kg", "6 years" "6 weeks" and "six native Australian animals". As long as a consistent policy is applied to the article, though, I'll be happy.
 * The numbers are all listed in numerical fmt now.--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #"Devil Facial Tumor Disease". Is there a Wikipedia policy for disease names? Again, I looked up several mammalian diseases in various dictionaries and encyclopedias, and the concensus in these is that diseases are not capitalized. For example, "foot-and-mouth disease", "bovine spongiform encephalopathy" "rabies". Checking these articles on Wikipedia, I see that "Rabies" uses capitalization, while the others don't. Back to the TD article, "canine transmissible venereal tumor" is not capitalized. I'd prefer we follow the majority of published reference works (as I do for the animal name, but that's another matter).
 * There aren't many published works on the disease yet, the ones I have use lowercase, so I've made the moves and adjusted the article.--nixie 09:16, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #"The latest revision of the devil's taxonomy resulted in a change of species name to Sarcophilus laniarius in the 1980s . . ." Is there no specific date for when this change was made? "The 1980s" is vague.
 * Fixed. --nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #"An analysis, conducted by researchers of the University of Sydney, of mammalian bite force corrected for body size showed that the Tasmanian Devil has the strongest bite of any living mammal." This sentence is confusing to me. Perhaps: "A University of Sydney analysis of mammalian bite force corrected for body size shows that the Tasmanian Devil has the strongest bite of any living mammal." UoS could possibly be moved elsewhere; it just didn't read well as an appositive where it was. I'm also recommending present tense, as this research is presumably still valid and the TD still presumably has the strongest mammalian bite. See "Style Points for Scientific Writing".
 * Fixed--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Similarly, "The average life expectancy of a Tasmanian Devil in the wild has been estimated as 6 years, though it may live longer in captivity." Is the average life expectancy still thought to be six years? Then we should use present tense.
 * Fixed.--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #"Tasmanian Devils also have one set of teeth that grow slowly throughout their life." "Set" is singular, so "grows" is appropriate. Also, "Tasmanian Devils" is plural, but "life" is singular. Suggested rewrite: "A Tasmanian Devil also has one set of teeth that grows slowly throughout its life."
 * Done. --nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Use of future tense. In a number of cases, the article uses the future tense when present tense would suffice. In general, present tense is more immediate and thus makes for stronger prose. Following are some examples from the article with my suggested rewrites following: "Unhealthy devil will often have a thin tail" ("Unhealthy devils often have thin tails.") "Although the Devil favours wombat, it will eat all small native mammals . . . " ("Although the Devil favours wombat, it eats all small native mammals . . . ") ". . . the female has only four nipples, and no more than four young will survive." (". . . the female has only four nipples, and [or use "so"] no more than four young [can] survive.") There are a few more cases in the article, but you get the idea.
 * Done.--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I changed a couple more instances. If you don't like them, I won't object if you change them back. I do prefer present to future when talking about animal behavior, though. BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Passive voice: "Twenty physical postures, including their characteristic vicious yawn, and 11 different vocal sounds have been identified when feeding devils communicate, usually establishing dominance by sound and physical posturing, although fighting does occur." Suggested rewrite: "Scientists [or Biologists, or Researchers, etc.] have identified twenty physical postures . . ." "Cultures from the cancerous tissue have been used to study the condition." Suggested rewrite: "Researchers have used cultures from the cancerous tissue to study the condition."
 * Done--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * #Mutant mouse: "There is also a mutant mouse named the Tasmanian Devil that is defective . . . ." This whole section threw me off. Is this mutant mouse some sort of cartoon character, or are we talking about a real creature? If a real creature, was it named for the Looney Tunes character? If so, make this explicit.
 * See reply to Spangineer--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I reworded a bit. I'm sure you'll give it one more revision after the researchers email you back. BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * One final concern: Currently, the article uses both "State" and "states" when talking about those political entities in Australia. I don't know what common practice is in Australia, so I didn't change these, but shouldn't they be either both capitalized or both in lower case? BrianSmithson 13:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I've made its use consistent. Practice varies in Australia. Some capitalise it at any mention, especially in academia, and some use lower case in any circumstance, following the trend favoured by newspapers (News Corp ones, at least). Others, still, used mixed capitalisation. For this article I have chosen to capitalise "State(s)".--Cyberjunkie | Talk 14:26, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I know I'm being picky. But these changes should be easy to make, and if anyone objects to any of them, I am open to arguments. Overall, it's a good article. BrianSmithson 18:50, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * BrianSmithson, you should have participated in this articles Peer Review. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 19:16, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - agree that it meets all criteria, to a high degree. Rossrs 15:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment (albeit rather trivial) - do endnote superscripts go before or after puncutuation? Personally I'd prefer after, but either way, they need to be consistent. --Spangineer (háblame)  18:18, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * After. I've fixed it. Bishonen | talk 02:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Also, what's this about a mutant mouse also called the Tasmanian Devil? Is there an article on it? Is it relevant for this article? It was only found in 2002 (according to the reference), so I'm unsure how it relates to the mammal, since it appears to have been named after the cartoon character.  I don't think that one sentence is enough info for this—I'd say expand or delete. Great work though, looks well researched and thanks for the inline citations. I'll vote neutral until my concerns are addressed. --Spangineer  (háblame)  18:29, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The article about the mouse mutant is referenced, I mentioned it in this article since it is a common hit on a google, scholar.google or pubmed search and someone might be curious about why this mouse is called Tasmanian devil, the section should be more clear now. The article doesn't actually mention why they chose to call the mouse Tasmanian devil, but I assumed it was named after the cartoon version since the behaviours are smiliar and becuase geneticists name lots of genes and mutants after cartoon characters, I'll email them and find out for sure--nixie 09:10, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, much better. And that's interesting that geneticists name things after cartoon characters; as they say, who'da thunk? =).  Anyway, support. --Spangineer  (háblame)  19:06, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Great work, as usual. Dave (talk) 15:10, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support- comprehensive article. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 19:14, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Excellent article, and suitably brief treatment of that irritating cartoon thing. Flowerparty talk 00:55, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. excellent material, well written and researched. - Taxman Talk 22:52, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional Support w/comments: "Devil" vs. "devil" is still used inconsistently through the article. "The Tasmanian Devil" and "Taz" are not, technically, two names for the same cartoon character ("Taz" is, I believe, and updated version of the original).  It's a wording nit, but I would not say that appetite is the only thing the character and the animal have in common (for example both have two eyes, etc. etc.).  Assuming these things are fixed (primarily the first), I will support.--User:Jgm(i think this is who made the last comment, he didn't sign it, so based on the histry, Jgm made this post -- ZeWrestler   Talk 18:43, 27 July 2005 (UTC)).
 * "The Tasmanian Devil" and "Taz" are two names for the same character. Or at least I've never seen them considered two different characters until your comments here. You're right that "Taz" is a more recent appellation for the character, and you're right that the character has been updated in recent years; all the Warners characters have. I don't think it's worth the fuss to consider earlier and later versions of Bugs Bunny or Porky Pig to be completely different entities. (Short version: That part of the article doesn't need to be changed ;) BrianSmithson 18:45, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Further note: The use of "devil"/"Devil" is consistent. Currently, "Devil" is capitalized when preceded by "Tasmanian" (except when discussing the mutant mouse). It is not capitalized when used alone, except when it is the first word in a sentence. I'm not sure what you saw as inconsistency. BrianSmithson 18:50, 27 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab) is a facility at Florida State University, the University of Florida, and Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, that performs magnetic field research in physics, biology, bioengineering, chemistry, geochemistry, biochemistry. It is the only such facility in the US, and is among twelve high magnetic facilities worldwide. The lab is supported by the National Science Foundation and the state of Florida, and works in collaboration with private industry.

The lab holds several world records for the world's strongest magnets, including highest magnetic field of 45.5 Tesla. For nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments, its 33 ST series connected hybrid (SCH) magnet broke the record during a series of tests conducted by MagLab engineers and scientists on 15 November 2016, reaching its full field of 36 Tesla.

Proposal and award
In 1989 Florida State University (FSU), Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the University of Florida submitted a proposal to the National Science Foundation (NSF) for a new national laboratory supporting interdisciplinary research in high magnetic fields. The plan proposed a federal-state partnership serving magnet-related research, science and technology education, and partnering industry. The goal was to maintain the competitive position of the US in magnet-related research and development. Following a peer-review competition, the NSF approved the FSU-led consortium's proposal.

Competing proposal by MIT
In a competing proposal to the NSF, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with the University of Iowa, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Argonne National Laboratory, had suggested improving the existing world-class Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory at MIT. On September 5, 1990, MIT researchers asked the 21 members of the National Science Board (NSB) to "review and reconsider" its decision. With $60 million at stake in the NSF grant, MIT stated it would phase out the Francis Bitter Lab if it lost its appeal, the first of its kind in NSF history. The request was turned down September 18, 1990.

Early years
The laboratory's early years were spent establishing infrastructure, building the facility, and recruiting faculty. The Tallahassee complex was dedicated on October 1, 1994, to a large crowd, with keynote speaker Vice President Al Gore.

Mission
The lab's mission, as set forth by the NSF, is: "To provide the highest magnetic fields and necessary services for scientific research conducted by users from a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering, biology and geology."

The lab focuses on four objectives:
 * Develop user facilities and services for magnet-related research, open to all qualified scientists and engineers
 * Advance magnet technology in cooperation with industry
 * Promote a multidisciplinary research environment and administer in-house research program that uses and advances the facilities
 * Develop an educational outreach program

Education and public outreach
The National MagLab promotes science education and supports science, engineering, and science teachers through its Center for Integrating Research and Learning. Programs include mentorships in an interdisciplinary learning environment. Through the Magnet Academy, the lab's website provides educational content on electricity and magnetism.

The National MagLab also conducts monthly tours open to the public, and hosts an annual open house with about 10,000 attendees. Special tour and outreach opportunities are also available to local schools. In an interview on Skepticality, Dr. Scott Hannahs said, "If you come by on the third Saturday in February I believe we have an open house and we have Tesla coils shooting sparks and we melt rocks in the geochemistry group and we measure the speed of sound and we have lasers and potato launchers and we just have all sorts of things showing little scientific principles and stuff. We get together and we have about 5,000 people show up to come and tour a physics lab which is a pretty amazing group of people."

Florida State University programs
The Tallahassee laboratory at Florida State University is a 370000 sqft complex and has approximately 300 faculty, staff, graduate, and postdoctoral students. Its director is physicist Gregory Scott Boebinger. Its chief scientist is Laura Greene.

DC field program
The facility contains 14 resistive magnet cells connected to a 48 megawatt DC power supply and 15000 sqft of cooling equipment to remove the heat generated by the magnets. The facility houses several magnets, including a 45 Tesla hybrid magnet, which combines resistive and superconducting magnets. The lab's 41.4 Tesla resistive magnet is the strongest DC (continuous-field) resistive magnet in the world, and the 25 Tesla Keck magnet has the highest homogeneity of any resistive magnet.

NMR spectroscopy and imaging
This program serves a broad user base in solution and solid state NMR spectroscopy and MRI and diffusion measurements at high magnetic field strengths. The lab develops technology, methodology, and applications at high magnetic fields through both in-house and external user activities. An in-house made 900 MHz (21.1 Tesla) NMR magnet has an ultra-wide bore measuring 105 mm (about 4 inches) in diameter, this superconducting magnet has the highest field for MRI study of a living animals.

Ion cyclotron resonance
The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry program is involved in instrument and technique development and applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Under the leadership of director Alan G. Marshall, the program continuously develops techniques and instruments and applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The program has several instruments, including a 14.5 Tesla, 104 mm bore system.

Electron magnetic resonance
The most common form of EMR is electron paramagnetic/spin resonance (EPR/ESR). In EPR experiments, transitions are observed between the mS sublevels of an electronic spin state S that are split by the applied magnetic field as well as by the fine structure interactions and the electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions. This technique has applications in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, physics and materials research.

Magnet science and technology
The Magnet Science and Technology division is charged with developing the technology and expertise for magnet systems. These magnet projects include building advanced magnet systems for the Tallahassee and Los Alamos sites, working with industry to develop the technology to improve high-field magnet manufacturing capabilities, and improving high field magnet systems through research and development.

Also at the lab's FSU headquarters, the Applied Superconductivity Center advances the science and technology of superconductivity for both the low temperature niobium-based and the high temperature cuprate or MgB2-based materials. The ASC pursues the superconductors for magnets for fusion, high energy physics, MRI, and electric power transmission lines and transformers.

In-house research
The in-house research program utilizes MagLab facilities to pursue high field research in science and engineering, while advancing the lab's user programs through development of new techniques and equipment.

Condensed matter group
The condensed matter group scientists concentrate on various aspects of condensed matter physics, including studies and experiments involving magnetism, the quantum hall effect, quantum oscillations, high temperature superconductivity, and heavy fermion systems.

Geochemistry program
The geochemistry research program is centered around the use of trace elements and isotopes to understand the Earth processes and environment. The research interests range from the chemical evolution of Earth and Solar System through time to local scale problems on the sources and transport of environmentally significant substances. The studies conducted by the geochemistry division concern terrestrial and extraterrestrial questions and involve land-based and seagoing expeditions and spacecraft missions. Together with FSU's Chemistry and Oceanography departments, Geochemistry has started a program in Biogeochemical Dynamics.

Other programs
Other programs include cryogenics, optical microscopy, quantum materials and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.

The lab also has a materials research team that researches new ways to make high strength magnetic materials using more common and cheaper elements.

Los Alamos National Laboratory Pulsed Field Facility
Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico hosts the Pulsed Field Facility, which provides researchers with experimental capabilities for a wide range of measurements in non-destructive pulsed fields to 101 Tesla (75 T currently and 101 T under repair). Pulsed field magnets create high magnetic fields, but only for fractions of a second. The laboratory is located at the center of Los Alamos. In 1999–2000, the facility was relocated into a new specially designed Experimental Hall to better accommodate user operations and support. The program is the first and only high pulsed field user facility in the United States.

The facility provides a wide variety of experimental capabilities to 100 Tesla, using short and long pulse magnets. Power comes from a pulsed power infrastructure which includes a 1.43 gigawatt motor generator and five 64-megawatt power supplies. The 1200-ton motor generator sits on a 4800-short ton (4350 t) inertia block which rests on 60 springs to minimize earth tremors and is the centerpiece of the Pulsed Field Laboratory.

The facility's magnets include a 60 Tesla long-pulse magnet (under repair) that is the most powerful controlled-pulse magnet in the world.

University of Florida
The University of Florida is home to user facilities in magnetic resonance imaging or (MRI) with an ultra-low temperature, ultra-quiet environment for experimental studies in the High B/T (high magnetic field/low temperature) Facility. Facilities are also available for the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures at a new nanoscale research facility operated in conjunction with the university's Major Analytical and Instrumentation Center.

High B/T Facility
The High B/T Facility is part of the Microkelvin Laboratory of the Physics Department and conducts experiments in high magnetic fields up to 15.2 Tesla and at temperatures as low as 0.4 mK simultaneously for studies of magnetization, thermodynamic quantities, transport measurements, magnetic resonance, viscosity, diffusion, and pressure.

The facility holds world records for high B/T in Bay 1 for short term low field capabilities and world records for high field long time (> 1 week) experiments. The research group leads the world in collective studies of quantum fluids and solids in terms of breadth and low temperature techniques (thermometry, NMR, ultrasound, heat capacity, sample cooling.)

Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
The Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy program contains facilities for the Mag Lab's NMR and MRIProgram that complement the facilities at the lab's headquarters in Tallahassee. The program is located at the University of Florida's McKnight Brain Institute. Their instruments include a 600 MHz NMR magnet with 1.5 mm triple-resonance, high-temperature superconducting probe, which delivers the highest 13C-optimized mass sensitivity of any probe in the world.

title: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory


text:
Summit (game)

Summit is a Cold War board wargame introduced in 1961 by Milton Bradley as "The Top Level Game of Global Strategy", with an updated release in 1971. Each player chooses one of the major powers from the 1950s/1960s era and controlled their economic and military buildup during each turn, much like Risk.

Board
The board is an azimuthal projected map of the Earth looking down at the North Pole. Each of the six playable "countries" are different bright colors while unplayable regions are various shades of brown depending on their economic and military "value". The six countries and their colors are:

United States (Blue), Soviet Union (Red), China (Yellow), India (Green), Western Europe (Purple), and South America (Orange),

Each of the player countries are worth 10 points, while the brown regions vary from 2, 4, 6, and 8.

Pieces
For the board is a small circlet holder with colored flags to remind players which countries are in alliance. This piece is largely viewed as a gimmick, though various house rules may have different uses for these pieces.

Each player may build, in their captured regions, a balance of factories, mills (both square), and military bases (round).

Each player is awarded every turn a number of I-Beams, red Military Threat chips, white Popular Support chips, and black Economic Pressure chips. The I-Beams are produced by a player's Mills and are used to build more Factories, Bases, and Mills. Economic Pressure chips come from the amount of Mills a player owns. Popular Support chips come from the number of Factories one owns. Military Threat chips come from the number of Bases one has.

There is also a set of cards with various situations that players must respond to. They can be as simple as gaining two I-Beams, to losing three red chips. The cards are similar to the community chest and chance cards of Monopoly.

Strategy
Allies are welcomed and may help struggling players get out of trouble, or create an unbeatable force that will crush the remaining weak players. Eventually though everyone must defeat their opponents to win the game. The game calls for a balance of social skills, economic knowledge, and military tactics.

Premonition of the Cuban Missile Crisis
One of the primary strategies of the game is to threaten an invasion by deploying one's military and economic power cards unless an opposing player dismantles their bases in one of the brown regions. This scenario came true one year after the game was released in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 when U.S. President John F. Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle its bases in Cuba and the world came close to the brink of nuclear war. After the crisis was over, sales of the game shot up.

Other
One of the most often pointed out quotes from the Rules Book is: "Compare some of the plays you are making with the international news of the day. Quite often it will coincide with the play of the game."

Reviews

 * The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games

title: Summit (game)


text:
On Time

On Time is the debut studio album by American rock band Grand Funk Railroad, released on August 25, 1969, by Capitol Records. It was recorded at Cleveland Recording Company, the album was produced by Terry Knight. "Time Machine", the band's debut single release, made it into the top 50 in the singles charts, reaching #48.

After the success of their second album Grand Funk (also known as The Red Album) in 1970, On Time went gold, one of four RIAA gold record awards for the band that year. The other two albums reaching gold status in 1970 for Grand Funk Railroad were Closer to Home and Live Album.

In 2002, On Time was remastered on CD with bonus tracks and also released in a limited edition box set Trunk of Funk that contained the band's first four albums. The "trunk" has slots for twelve CDs to house the future release of the remaining eight albums that were released by Capitol Records. Also included is a pair of "Shinin' On" 3D glasses, guitar pick and a sticker reproducing a concert ticket.

Track listing
All tracks written by Mark Farner.

Grand Funk Railroad

 * Mark Farner – guitar, piano, harmonica, vocals
 * Mel Schacher – bass
 * Don Brewer – drums, vocals

Charts
Album Singles

title: On Time


text:
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health

The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, more commonly known as The Florey, is an Australian medical research institute that undertakes research into treatments for brain and mind disorders. The institute's areas of interest include Parkinson's disease, stroke, motor neurone disease, addiction, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Autism, Huntington's disease, depression, schizophrenia, brain function in health and disease, heart failure, and dementia.

Affiliated with the University of Melbourne, the Austin Hospital and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the institute is located in the Melbourne suburbs of and  in Victoria. It is the largest brain research group in the southern hemisphere and employs approximately 600 staff and students. The institute is led by its director, Professor Trevor Kilpatrick.

History
The origins of the institute are based on the 1947 work of the founder, Dr. Derek Denton, and the investigation of the team of scientists, Prof R D Wright, Prof J P Coghlan and Prof Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan into the control of salt and water balance in health and disease.

The institute was formally established in 1971 by the Victorian Government and named in honour of Howard Florey, an Australian Laureate of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine who helped to isolate the active principle of penicillin and developed the first manufacturing process for the antibiotic. The institute conducted research into physiological control of body fluid and electrolyte balance, especially the regulation of the adrenal salt-retaining hormone, aldosterone; micro measurement of hormones; hybridization histochemistry; instincts that control ingestion; and the Relaxin hormone.

Previously known as the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine, in 1997 the institute's focus broadened to encompass brain disorders. From 1997 to 2007, the neuroscientist Professor Frederick Mendelsohn AO, led the institute.

On 1 July 2007 the legislation that created the Howard Florey Institute of Experimental Physiology and Medicine was repealed, and the Florey amalgamated with the Brain Research Institute and the National Stroke Research Institute to become collectively known as the Florey Neuroscience Institutes (FNI). As part of the amalgamation process, a new research facility was constructed to house the FNI, the Mental Health Research Institute and researchers from the University of Melbourne. In 2012, with the amalgamation of the Mental Health Research Institute and the Florey Neuroscience Institutes, the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health was formed. Research now includes psychiatric conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and on neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.


text:
File:Lolo2-HoleDemo.png

Summary
A screenshot of a demo of warp holes to explain the Eggerland (series) article. Depicted is Adventures of Lolo 2

Fair Use Rationale
This image should be categorized under fair use in the above mentioned article because -
 * 1) It is low resolution.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owners rights to sell the game.
 * 3) Depicts subject discussed in article.
 * 4) The photo is only being used for informational purposes.

title: File:Lolo2-HoleDemo.png


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Big Bonanza Silver Day

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 22:29, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Big Bonanza Silver Day
Some annual sale on a shopping TV channel. Advertising. Uppland 06:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising. -Feydey 11:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, agreed. Yondir[[user talk:yondir|Talk]] 13:44, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Smerge to QVC. Dcarrano 16:38, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, gives encyclopaedic information. Tells of historic day in United States and Nevada history. Page still in progress.
 * Delete. Advertising. --Carnildo 23:24, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Article shows historical infomation, therefore not being an advertisement.
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 04:14, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Ad for Home Shopping network... enough said.Gateman1997 18:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You haven't read this page and your vote should not count. It is on QVC, not Home Shopping Network. How do you make a proper vote if you don't read the article? Denim&Co. 19:58, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * QVC IS a Home Shopping Network. And this article is still an ad for it.Gateman1997 00:20, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. One might consider that this is a "television show" (or a "special") on the QVC channel, and that television shows are notable and encyclopedic. However, in its current state it is advertising, and reads like it. I'm not sure that anyone (besides those with a ve$ted intere$t in the program) would go to the trouble to rewrite this. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 05:08, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertising, not worth merging or re-writing. Also, since QVC already has their own entry on Wikipedia and all they DO on QVC is constantly sell stuff, special "sales days" are not notable in any way. Xaa 00:51, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.