text:
User talk:RattBoy

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P==Cuyahoga River== I've noticed that there are things that could be added to the Cuyahoga River page, including more about the historical significance of the river and expanded prose on its ecology. Any recommendations that you can make will be much more than welcome. Avogadro94 21:26, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Letchworth State Park
Hi RattBoy, I just noticed your nice winter photographs of two of the falls in the Letchworth State Park. But why did you upload your photos just to the English edition of the Wikipedia and not to the Commons? This would allow these pictures also to be used from other Wikipedia projects. You will find in the Commons an already existing small collection of photographs in the Commons category for the Letchworth State Park. It would be nice to see your pictures there as well. Regards, AFBorchert 22:33, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Thanks on Michael Bray
Thanks for the addition on Michael Bray. I have been mostly working on getting the best links in place than writing the bio. -- Pinktulip 11:50, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Starr Report
RattBoy: "...you erroneously implied that Bill Clinton had something to do with "anal oral contact," although no reputable references would back you up on that."

Wikiepdia Article:

Under oath she admitted that her relationship with Clinton involved oral sex, including oral-anal contact, as documented in the Starr report

I'll be waiting for your apology. Haizum 00:27, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Asbestos
This needs a lot of help. For starters, there is NO legitimate medical controversy about the dangers of asbestos. None. The "Junk Science' boys have made outrageous claims, but the fact is that medical science has documented the direct links between asbestos and mesothelioma (from which my father died in 1986), otehr cancers and asbestosis . Your comments were very appropriate - it looks like a rant for tort reform.  Would you help clean it up?  Please?  \MollyBloom 05:58, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for wikifying "Steven Milloy". I have also changed asbestos and the law to a legitimate article, on international regulations, a NPOV discussion of the litigation and the legitimate issues at controversy in the litigation, and examles of the findings from discovery re Johns-Mansville, etc.jgwlaw 15:06, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

No Personal Attacks
I refer you to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_attacks. It is against WP to delete edits, characterizing them as "unsupported dogma."
 * MSTCrow 09:59, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Mr. Crow, the page that you refer to says nothing about the phrase, "unsupported dogma." I said nothing about you, personally. Therefore, my edit was nothing like a "personal attack."--RattBoy 10:28, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

NPR mediation
Hi. User:MSTCrow has requested a mediation at Talk:National Public Radio. It would be very helpful if you could participate. Cheers! David L Rattigan 14:53, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Asbestos
RattBoy, I thought you might be intereseted in how I have rewritten asbestos, and asbestos and the law. Nobody has vandalized this, presumably because I have solid references and there is not a lot they can do, I wouldn't think. The article on 'asbestos and the law' is now a real article on regulation in various countries and the issues involved in the litigation (and there are some legitimate issues)...I have included an paragraph by the ABA that is a reasonable way of reducing the volume of court cases while protecting the rights of those who were exposed to asbestos but not yet ill. It seems that FRCP11 may have lost a Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 11 motion for frivolous lawsuit, and is bitter, given his hysteria about lawsuitsjgwlaw 21:33, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Your quote
"The sentence, 'Many attorneys, including Peter Angelos, have become rich because they established lucrative relationships with unions that steered potential asbestos plaintiffs to their law firms.' is very one-sided. For some reason, in our system of Free Enterprise, apparently it's okay for anyone to seek to improve their standard of living--except attorneys and members of labor unions. (The reference doesn't back up the phrase 'many attorneys,' but I'll let that go for now.) There was no comparison of the lawyers' wealth to the wealth of execs from asbestos corporations which had hidden the dangers of asbestos. I attempted some balance by noting that companies have saved $millions by filing Chapter 11--and thus backing out on their commitment to their employees.--RattBoy 10:57, 10 October 2005 (UTC)"

DANGED GOOD OBSERVATION. However, the entire article has been revamped now, to be informative and not a 'tort reform' rant. (I am not a wealthy asbestos lawyer, but I sure don't begrudge them their earnings) jgwlaw 21:40, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Asbestos and the Law
The article has been rewritten. Now I am trying to properly cite all the references in the proper format, and add the list of references at the bottom. Is there any way you can help out with this? I have started it and done a few. I'd really appreciate it!jgwlaw 17:45, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Strange Message
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the work of others. Thank you. - MSTCrow 01:06, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Thank you, Mr. Crow. I assure you that I will give your warning the seriousness that it deserves. Now I invite you to begin doing something constructive with Wikipedia. You can begin by not issuing bogus "warnings" to serious editors whose only offense is disagreement with your agenda.--RattBoy 11:15, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Eliot Spitzer
Hi Rattboy, I'm new to Wikipedia and figuring things out. It looks like this is were I would 'talk' to you about your editing and justification for the Eliot Spitzer page. If not, I apologize and let me know where to do appropriately. It seems you are doing a lot of political posting, not that there is anything wrong with it. Can you explain what you mean by BankruptcyMisconduct.com is not verifyable? Also, it appears that you have not given the other articles an actual read, because they do contain either facts or quotes which support the points made in the post. I certainly that that you won't delete the entire paragraph as you have in the past. The paragraph has many points which no resonalbe reporter would dispute. Granted, Spitzer has had big success with many huge prosecutions, but the Wiki page reads like a campaign brochure without any mention of the well known relevent controversies. Don't worry, Spitzer is going to win regardless, but an accurate reflection of history deserves to be on his page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.21.199.252  (talk • contribs) 04:10, 4 November 2006

 * Hi, 70. I have no problem with your posting here, but your comments would be better placed in Talk:Eliot Spitzer, where others who might wish to edit the page will see the discussion.
 * I encourage you to sign your posts. Just type four tildes (~) at the end of your post. That will not only give your post your signature, but also a time-stamp. I also encourage you to register with the site. People will give more credibility to an editor who has registered, and who thus does not post anonymously.--RattBoy 13:03, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Causing edit wars
Around the end of October, you started an edit war in Rush Limbaugh, insisting that your own POV should be presented over the Michael J Fox incident, then littered the article with links. Now you're doing it to Cigar. I've repeatedly laid out of the facts and pointed you towards answer, but nothing seems to satisfy you. You need to stop your trollery NOW. Frotz661 20:02, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

 * You need to understand the rules of reasoned debate, my friend. You think you have pointed me towards an answer, but your mode of argument wouldn't get you to the second round in a Middle School debating contest.--RattBoy 00:14, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Limbaugh
Kudos for fighting the good fight on that page. As you've no doubt noticed, the page has been overrun by the I Love And Worship Rush Limbaugh Fan Club, who are twisting themselves into partisan pretzels trying to excise anything from the page that casts their dear leader in a less than than hagiographic aura. Thanks to these flunkies, the page is an unmitigaged disaster.

Anyway, thanks for providing facts, and backing them up with sources. Eleemosynary 04:49, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Mediation on Rush Limbaugh Page
Would you mind weighing in with your opinion on the Chelsea Clinton incident? It is now under mediation. Eleemosynary 05:18, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I should be able to find some time over the weekend for this. Stay tuned.--RattBoy 11:58, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Cigars
Hey, I ran across User:Frotz661's removal of your health effects section on the Cigar article while doing a vandalism sweep. Your edit appears to be very well researched and not deserving of removal. Additionally, there was no consensus to remove it, either. After reading all the comments on the talk page, I moved your section to Health effects of tobacco smoking, and added a much shortened blurb form of it to the Cigar page with a "Main article:" template. IMO this meets everyone's concerns pretty well. Thanks for your very well researched contributions to WP! -Lanoitarus (talk) .:. 19:38, 22 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you. The continual blanking, without any rational justification, has been counterproductive. I trust that your contribution will convince all concerned to accept the compromise and move on.--RattBoy 00:12, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

File:Ft pt lt.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Ft pt lt.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 02:07, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Friendly notice
Hi, this is a friendly notice from me that a discussion is taking place here in which you might be interested. Groupthink (talk) 22:51, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

July 2013
Hello, I'm Toddst1. Wikipedia is written by people who have a wide diversity of opinions, but we try hard to make sure articles have a neutral point of view. Your recent edit to Gauley River seemed less than neutral to me, so I removed it for now. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Wikipedia is not a place for advocacy of your position on anything. Toddst1 (talk) 19:10, 30 July 2013 (UTC)

Notification of automated file description generation
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This notification is placed on your talk page because a bot has identified you either as the uploader of the file, or as a contributor to its metadata. It would be appreciated if you could carefully review the information the bot added. To opt out of these notifications, please follow the instructions here. Thanks! Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) 14:38, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

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File source problem with File:P1010005Thumb.JPG
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:RattBoy


text:
User talk:Brannigan´s

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Brannigan´s


text:
User talk:Shopper~enwiki

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Advertising
Hi, there. Wikipedia can't accept articles that are purely (or even largely) advertising such as some of the articles you are creating at the moment. Please see what Wikipedia is not for guidance. Unfortunately, the advertising is likely to be deleted very quickly. -Splash 00:13, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop now. If you do not, I will have to see to it that you are blocked which would be a pity. -Splash 00:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Shopper. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Shopper~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:42, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:49, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shopper~enwiki


text:
The Contemporary Singers

The Contemporary Singers of Australia were a chamber choir based in Sydney, New South Wales, dedicated to the choral music of the 20th century. The group was formed in late 1986 by visiting Canadian composer David Colwell with assistance from the University of Sydney and the NSW State Conservatorium of Music. Colwell directed the Singers for their first year, passing the leadership to Antony Walker and Elliott Gyger, who directed the Singers until 1999. Many of the original members were composition students of Peter Sculthorpe including Stephen Adams, Matthew Hindson, and Canadian composer Jana Skarecky.

The Contemporary Singers varied in size between 12 and 30 voices, and developed a repertoire of over 70 works by about 55 different composers, giving Australian premiere performances of many significant works for chamber choir. Some members also sang with the Sydney Chamber Choir and subsequently with Walker's professional choir Cantillation.

The Singers' first recording, Sydney Dreaming (ABC Classics 454 510–2, 1996) showcased Anne Boyd's As I Crossed a Bridge of Dreams and Veni sancte spiritus--veni creator by Jennifer Fowler. They are featured in Raffaele Marcellino's commission for the Sydney Olympic Games, Heart of Fire (ABC 465 948–2, 2000). Their recording of Nigel Butterley's The True Samaritan on There Came a Wind Like a Bugle (Tall Poppies TD142, 2001) won the APRA Award for Best Vocal or Choral Work of the Year in 2003.

APRA-AMC Classical Music Awards
The APRA-AMC Classical Music Awards are presented annually by Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australian Music Centre (AMC).

 * 2003 ||The True Samaritan (Nigel Butterley) – The Contemporary Singers || Vocal or Choral Work of the Year || Won
 * 2003 ||The True Samaritan (Nigel Butterley) – The Contemporary Singers || Vocal or Choral Work of the Year || Won

title: The Contemporary Singers


text:
Celticism

Celticism may refer to:
 * A word or linguistic property adapted from a Celtic language
 * List of English words of Celtic origin
 * List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin
 * Irish words used in the English language
 * List of English words of Irish origin
 * List of English words of Welsh origin
 * Hiberno-English
 * Kiltartanese
 * Political pan-Celticism
 * The ideology of Lega Nord which culturally identifies with the Celtic people
 * The romanticist Celtic Revival
 * Celts (modern), a modern Celtic identity that has emerged in Western Europe since the 18th century
 * Celtism also known as Celtic neopaganism
 * Celticisation, the historic process of conquering and assimilating by the ancient Celts

title: Celticism


text:
Dinosaur Gardens

Dinosaur Gardens is a tourist attraction in Ossineke, Michigan, United States. Built on a 40 acre tract of drained swampland, visitors encounter several dozen home-made sculptures of dinosaurs, prehistoric birds, prehistoric mammals, and cavemen. The attraction was started by folk artist Paul N. Domke in 1935. There is also a gift shop and a dinosaur-themed miniature golf course on the premises.

Dinosaur Gardens is perhaps best known for its seemingly out-of-place Christian imagery. For example, visitors are greeted at the entrance by a statue of Jesus holding a globe in his left hand. The belly of a Brontosaurus sculpture on the property includes a display proclaiming Jesus as “The Greatest Heart”.

title: Dinosaur Gardens


text:
User talk:Webstop

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Webstop


text:
Talk:Trigger (horse)

Untitled
Can someone clarify the statement that there was more than one Trigger? The IMDB entry does not clarify this. Trigger was supposedly born in 1932, he kept on making film appearances fairly frequently until what many would regard as his best known appearance, his 2nd last listed appearance, in Son of Paleface in 1952. Is this a particularly lengthy or implausible life span for a horse? PatGallacher 23:55, 2005 July 14 (UTC)

Following is a transcript of an interview taped in December, 2009 with my father, Edmond A Cook, from Lusk, Wyoming: ''This kid rode a horse into a ranch up by Douglas [Wyoming]. A silver-gray mare and he got a job at the ranch. All he owned at the time was what was on the horse – his bedroll and some clothes. He got drafted into World War Two but he didn’t want to sell the horse. The ranch owner said, “Well, I’ll buy the mare from ya and when you come back from the Army I’ll sell her back to ya for the same money”. But the boy never came back from World War Two. Shortly after this, the mare got bred to a son of the first Triple Crown winner*. She had twin Palomino stallion colts - that were grandsons of his. Hey were pets from day one. Very likeable, very trainable. They got a little too big for house pets and then the yard, so they decided to sell ‘em one day. Otto Bible says, “bring ‘em down to the Lusk sale barn. I’m sure I can get a good price out of ‘em. So he takes ‘em down to the Lusk sale barn and a rancher, Walt Rhimall, from south of Lusk, about right on the Goshen/Niobrara county line, buys ‘em for $250 each. Two or three days later, the family from Douglas comes down and says, “can we have one of those colts back?”. They were such pets. They went ahead and let him take one of ‘em home. Well the rancher had an old jockey working for him by the name of Robinson. He said, “this horse is very trainable”. He was shoeing him and taking care of him as he was growing up and training him. After awhile he says, “ya know, he can do every trick that ‘Trigger” can – there’s 60 of ‘em. That was three or four times more than any other horses that were in the movies at that time. So, they got in touch with Roy Rogers and told him, and boy, he came out in the mid 1940s and picked him up for $2,500 and used him as a replacement for Trigger - so the two horses could spell off back and forth. That’s a neat story. There’s a statue in the park in Douglas [Wyoming] of Trigger II. It’s unusual that a Triple Crown winner would be in Wyoming and then for Trigger II to be a grandson of his is kind of a claim to fame.''

- contributed by TeeLLeCee1

I have see sources on the Internet that indicate there were three Triggers. I don't have enough confidence in my sources to update Wiki, however.

It is a bit of an over-statement to say that Trigger appeared in ALL Roy's movies. He certainly did not appear in McIntosh and TJ, which was filmed after his death, and I don;t think he was in Dark Command. Cdixon 15:13, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

=Silver Cloud= I've heard he was registered as such with the American Palomino Assn. Can anybody confirm? Trekphiler 14:00, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

=The rest of the story...= After a fair amount of research, it appears that there was only one Trigger that Roy rode. I think Trigger II and Trigger Jr. were not sired by Trigger and were just extra props for the TV show. Horses are like people; an active, well cared for horse can live longer. 25-35 years is not unusual but over 35 is very rare. I have a 21 year old Arabian mare that still wants to run even with my big butt on her. Roy was smaller than I am and Trigger was bigger than my horse. Alias Jesse James was released in 1959, which would make Trigger 27. I don't have a problem believing in one Trigger through Roy's career of westerns.

PS- His name was Golden Cloud, not Silver Cloud. I don't know about any Palamino Association registration, but he wasn't pure Palamino. (half Thoroughbred)

Boyledad 04:12, 24 January 2007 (UTC)boyledad

Wikiproject Biography
Does the horse really belong in Wikiproject biography? Ealdgyth | Talk 21:00, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

I don't understand what this means.
"They were said to have run out of places to cue Trigger." WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 19:01, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Basically, I think they were referencing that tapping the horse in various places on the body is a cue for a trick or behavior. For example, most horses learn to move sideways when touched or tapped on the side by a rider's foot.  Some are taught to lower their heads when a human rests a hand between the horse's ears.  Most begin learning to back up by being touched on the chest.   Some trick horses are cued  to "bow" by a gentle tap with a stick or crop on a specific spot on the neck or foreleg.   Trick horses are sometimes taught to rear with a specific combination of hand and leg cues from a rider.  Horses also respond to verbal cues.  And so on.   Presumably, Trigger knew so many separate commands, they ran out of spots on his body to give him unique cues.  Montanabw (talk) 04:36, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Birth inconsistency
It says here he was born 1934, but the Roy Rogers wikipedia article has "In 1932, a palomino colt foaled in California was named "Golden Cloud"; when Rogers acquired him, he renamed him Trigger." Carlm0404 (talk) 03:16, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trigger (horse)


text:
Talk:Gharial

Untitled
evolving in the estuaries and coastal waters of Africa, but crossing the Atlantic to reach South America as well. A note on Eocene geography at this point might show how little crossing was involved: more like opposite coasts of the Red Sea.--Wetman 23:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

> Some parts of the article spell it Ghariyal, others Gharial.. Which is correct? Should it not be uniform?

> This might be because the correct Hindi Language pronounciation for the word is closer to Ghariyal than to Gharial. Maybe a foot-note be added to this effect if all the instances of the word be ammended to Gharial?
 * From what I know, "gharial" is how we spell it in English, and that "gavial" was what the guy who described the critter mispelled it as.--Mr Fink 04:36, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Also, is the giant gharial Rhamphosuchus crassidens or R. indicus?--Mr Fink 04:37, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

"The snout becomes progressively thinner the older the gharial gets." I'm curious--does it get thinner in absolute terms or just in relation to the rest of the beast? Rivertorch 05:49, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Introduced or Feral populations?
I'm wondering if there are any established feral or otherwise introduced populations of Gharial existing outside of the animal's natural distribution range (In the Americas? Australia? Africa? etc). Anyone know? I've heard that there are Nile Crocodiles in Florida, U.S.A. so I'm thinking that there may be Gharial populations out there, too. Or, are gharials too specific for their niche to survive outside of their natural range? Thanks.

Copyvio?
Some of the information on this page is strikingly similar to this page: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/csp_ggan.htm -Insouciance 18:11, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The similar sections look adequately paraphrased to me, but, if there are sentences or phrases that are too similar, please point them out or fix them. Enuja 21:44, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I suggest adding the kind of pronunciation aid one finds in most dictionaries to the initial article opening right after the name. Anyone know how to properly pronounce the name of this creature?

24.8.106.182 (talk) 12:44, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, dictionary form would be ˈgərēəl. However; the Hindi from which it comes is घड़ियाल (IAST: ghaṛiyāl), (IPA: gʰəɽɪɑl) - warning, my IPA is quite rudimentary. Also, to a comment above, gavial (ˈgāvēəl) was a French rendering of the Hindi which was also absorbed into English. All pronunciations I gave are American English, by the way. Sorry, i don't know if there are variations, but I wouldn't doubt it. Khirad (talk) 19:01, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Man-eaters section
I seriously considered getting rid of the man-eaters section and putting "Danger to Humans" or something like that as a sub-heading in "Diet." Unfortunately, I don't know where to put the recent addition "The most dangerous (and in most cases, the only dangerous) aspect of the Gharial is the animal's long and extremely powerful tail, which is more than capable of knocking a full grown man to the ground and even breaking bones." if I do that. What I'm going to do is put a citation needed tag on that sentence, and if there isn't a citation added in the near future, I'll delete it and remove the man-eaters section. Enuja 21:44, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. "Man eaters" is a little hyperbolic for an encyclopedia. Dinoguy2 01:44, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I done did it. ;-)  If anyone can come up with a better section heading for this stuff under "Diet," please do so.  I'm not entirely happy with the heading.  Enuja 02:10, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

False Gharial
If you'll look at the article, it states that the False Gharial IS realted to the Gharial, in fact, even closly related. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.173.195.17 (talk) 13:30, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Lurking ?
The caption on one of the 1st images shows a gharial with its mouth open and states 'gharial lurking'. I doubt it is "lurking" (which would imply it is awaiting for a prey - and considering the diet consists mainly of aquatic/fish this seems quite unlikely) - rather it looks like it is resting and thermo-regulating. Ivan Scott Warren (talk) 19:48, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Monotypic genus or not?
Is this species considered to belong to a monotypic genus is it the only living member of this genus?

Indian language
This article currently contains the following text "The bulbous growth on the tip of the male's snout is called a 'ghara' (after the Indian word meaning 'pot') . . ." The problem with this is there's no such language as "Indian" Does anyone know what language the word actually comes from? For the possible choices see Languages of India. --Steven J. Anderson (talk) 03:35, 4 November 2010 (UTC)
 * This sentence is cited from the source; Whitaker did not explain 'ghara' any further. I have added an explanation with ref. -- BhagyaMani (talk) 14:38, 28 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The word ghara and cognates are found in many north Indian dialects of Hindi - references like this one state it as Hindi. Shyamal (talk) 16:53, 6 September 2013 (UTC)

Contradictory taxonomy
The lead says the Gharial is the only surviving member of the family Gavialidae. The taxonomy section, however, says that the False gharial is also in the family Gavialidae. These can't both be correct. Kaldari (talk) 22:01, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

Gastroliths were found
I have a journal, it is called "Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society", it includes the incidences when Gastroliths, ornaments were found in there stomachs. Sometimes they had no food, but stones in the stomach. Bladesmulti (talk) 14:12, 28 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I replaced your ref because you did not mention the article's author, year of publication, nor title -- see how to cite. This info about gastroliths is contained in the ref I used as well. -- BhagyaMani (talk) 11:14, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Journals usually don't mention a singular author, if they are published by university. Year of publication was available though. And title was same as mentioned above. So we can use 2 refs. Bladesmulti (talk) 03:09, 7 February 2014 (UTC)

Esperanto
I've removed the claim about the Esperanto meaning in popular culture, as the main source I could find was the (Es) Vikipedia article, which was uncited. If you know of a reliable source for the claim, feel free to put it back with a citation. Chiswick Chap (talk) 17:02, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

'Characteristics' section
At the section, there is a line which, directly quoting, says 'Males develop a hollow bulbous nasal protuberance or at sexual maturity.' Why is there an 'or'? Is this an error? If not, can someone explain? I don't understand. The Average Wikipedian (talk) 14:08, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

You should include Romulus Whitaker in the conservation section of the page. He was one of the people who started the effort to protect gharials. Also to include more up to date information from gharial conservation website.Feelthebern2016 (talk) 16:16, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Why I put in links to Valmiki National Park and Gandaki River
On Wednesday, an attack by a crocodilian (I suspect a Mugger crocodile) was reported in Bihar's West Champaran district, in the Gandaki, but obviously, I do not want to violate any copyright. Anyways, I used these references to get close to the topic, in the article about Valmiki National Park. Leo1pard (talk) 06:29, 24 June 2017 (UTC)

Fossil range contradiction
The fossil range for the gharial says it's from the late Eocene, 33 something million years ago, but the fossil range for Gavialis is in the early Miocene. Which is in error?--Mr Fink (talk) 01:02, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

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minor fixes
Just reading through this fascinating recommendation, noting a couple of ideas here as I go.
 * lead
 * average body length … think that is the range, but good to have both.
 * Boss (engineering), link to a glossary if it exists, or not at all
 * Behaviour and ecology
 * convert cm to feet or m to feet? This is mixed in a sentence, perhaps from selecting the most appropriate unit in the other system, but I think the convention is to stick to mm and cm to inches or feet.

I prefer seeing other species given the binomial, perhaps in parentheses after the turtle or bird's common name, and appreciated seeing that the extinct species being included. Back later for another look. cygnis insignis 10:03, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for encouraging comments, !! Addressed them all, I think, with recent revisions. Cheerio -- BhagyaMani (talk) 15:07, 16 November 2018 (UTC)

Suggestions
Adding a few suggestions here. Structural initially, will look over contents later as I collate and read references. Shyamal (talk) 08:10, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

Lead - all citations need to go out of this and it needs to be a more inclusive summary of the remainder of the article.

Sections: It seems to me that taxonomy really ought to come up earlier as in most other taxon articles.

Palaeontological classification - this title would suggest that there are other kinds of classification which I think is a bit odd. The long list seems to be a big unsightly given that it has too much unused white space to its right. Much of this could probably be summarized into a cladogram that sits on the right side - if a time scale needs to be shown with extinction bars - the cladogram template may be inappropriate and a suitable SVG illustration could be created (I am happy to help here if we can find sources). I feel that not every species under the subfamilies need to be listed. The "Evolution" section could be included in a single larger "Taxonomy and systematics" or "Evolution and classification" section.

Local names may be better incorporated into a "In culture" section with more than just names, perhaps etymology, mythology, depictions in local art, and other associations could go there.

Characteristics - starting off with adult characteristics might be more natural. The life cycle description can come later.

Distribution and habitat - the bulleted river basins list may be better converted to a single paragraph - this would also be best to have alongside a good map indicating historical distribution and current distributions along with conservation sites.
 * Thanks a ton, Shyamal!!

 * Re taxonomy section: I had moved this down as long as it was rudimentary. If you think it's complete now, I agree to move it up.
 * Re Palaeontological classification: yes, I agree this long list is somewhat out of place. There is a similar one on the Gavialidae page. So I assume that someone has copy-pasted it from there loong time ago. I would even like to remove the list, the more so there is an int link to this page in the taxobox. Imo, it would be sufficient to reference that gharial is part of this family, e.g. by Adams (1854).
 * Re in culture section: ok. Frankly, I wasn’t much interested in this to date, and am therefore not aware whether any myths or pics in art exist.
 * Here is a resource - https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Parpola_Asko_2011._Crocodile_in_the_Indu.pdf and Tell Asmar https://oi-idb-static.uchicago.edu/multimedia/1076/oic16.pdf Shyamal (talk) 12:57, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

Cheers for now. – BhagyaMani (talk) 10:05, 9 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Will restructure characteristics asap.
 * Re bulleted list in Distribution and habitat: hmm, I’ve put quite some effort into collating the info about the river basins with presence of gharial, and presenting it so that it provides an easy overview that can be updated anytime. The map of the IUCN RL account is imo not appropriate, because it does not show layers where gharial used to be present. Perhaps a table is an option, with 3 maps of a) Terai and Gangetic plains, b) Eastern Ghats and c) NE India?
 * Have you seen this - apparently shows a gharial - ref - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tarun_Nair2/publication/262764522_Dry-season_assessment_of_gharials_Gavialis_gangeticus_in_the_Betwa_Ken_and_Son_Rivers_India/links/00b49538c86e96d4ab000000.pdf Shyamal (talk) 09:19, 30 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, I did and also referenced it, see section Distribution and habitat in the list *Son River. -- BhagyaMani (talk) 09:25, 30 May 2019 (UTC)

 * new free paper on its sexual dimorphism out: https://peerj.com/articles/9134/?fbclid=IwAR0X-e4Ywczh8XfMd24wVO8N1iG7lAOCFDQZEltOPNhFkTocPMif9yHp374 FunkMonk (talk) 09:39, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

Palaeontological classification links
It may supposed to be like this but, the link for Tomistoma lusitanica, takes me too Tomistoma schlegelii, I just wanted to make sure it was supposed to be like that instead of trying too edit it, when I don't know the facts. Mrcoffeecups (talk) 04:14, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

Expansion of Size Section
Greetings, It is to my utter disappointment that this article states contradictory statments about gharial’s body mass (at 160 kg or 350 lb). In the wiki page of largest organisms (section of heaviest living reptiles), its average mass is mentioned as 250 kg (550 lb). There are several pages in the internet claming it to weigh up to 680 kg (1,500 lb). Even in the National Geographic page, it is stated that it can weigh up to 2,000 lbs (907 kg). Maybe it is a mere estimation, but I have seen National Geographic pages as references in some other crocodilian pages. Kindly contribute to improve as crocodilians are known to exceed other predators in terms of size & body mass. Thank you. Adpr99 (talk) 18:01, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
 * I recommend you download + read the articles yourself that are referenced on this page for body mass and size. -- BhagyaMani (talk) 19:23, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

Okay, lets assume the sources are accurate. But, there has to be some mention about possible maximum size and mass. Its not that convinient to read a gharial close to 6 m weighing only 160 kg. There has to be some mention of maximum possible mass along with average, thats all. Other than that, great work with collecting sources, hats off. Adpr99 (talk) 15:41, 5 November 2021 (UTC)

Common name
Read Common name and COMMONNAME to understand that ONE website and ONE article using a different name than the commonly used one over decades does make this new name a common name. – BhagyaMani (talk) 17:53, 31 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Common name doesn't provide much clarity here other than to say that a species can have many common names. And the policy at COMMONNAME is only applicable to article titles. Finally, provided more than ONE reference, but rather three references.  Additionally, I did a quick google search and I am seeing other sources that mention Indian Gharial as a common name. I think it should be included. Cougroyalty (talk) 21:59, 31 January 2022 (UTC)
 * A common name is one that is commonly used in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources. The present list of 113 referenced sources is perhaps not complete, but represents the most important publications on the gharial in its range and covers about a century. Only 4 of those references use 'Indian gharial' in their titles. That is not a significant majority. – BhagyaMani (talk) 07:25, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Two of the publications linked in Bromar00's edit are by one and the same author and refer to one and the same book chapter, which is ALREADY referenced on this page, see present ref 73. – BhagyaMani (talk) 07:25, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The third link in Bromar00's edit is a promotional website. Websites that provide additional information on the subject can be used in the section *External links*, but NOT if they contain advertisements. – BhagyaMani (talk) 07:26, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Since thanked me for reverting Bromar00's edit, I assume that you agree. Please comment. – BhagyaMani (talk) 07:27, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I trust BhagyMani's judgements in these matters, and I haven't seen any sources that refer to it as the "Indian gharial," either.--Mr Fink (talk) 15:06, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Couple of observations, the common names I find presented for Gavialis sp. are this title and 'false gharial', which sounds anachronistic from a neutral or worldview sense. What I wish to see is an origin of the name gharial, and how it accords with this species, ~ cygnis insignis 15:20, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * See section *Characteristics* 3rd paragraph, 2nd sentence + ref therein. – BhagyaMani (talk) 15:31, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * cool, ta! I made a note with that, if I find another mention I'll be back. ~ cygnis insignis 16:09, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

I have provided a fourth and very reliable reference BhagyaMani. Refusal of it will be a clear indication in not caring about right information, and only caring about information you like for one reason or the other Bromar00 (talk) 19:51, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Since you have less than 90 edits under your belt, you may not yet be familiar with some WP guidelines? See e.g. MOS:LEAD: this section serves as an introduction to the article and a summary of its most important contents and the emphasis given to material in the lead should roughly reflect its importance to the topic. So what makes a name notable + important enough for the lead that has been mentioned in only 4 of 113 references? – BhagyaMani (talk) 09:01, 2 February 2022 (UTC)

 * It's been 4 days now that Bromar00 did not respond and is obviously not interested in resolving this dissent. I'll therefore remove their poorly referenced source and revert to the last best version that accords with this page's WP:GA status. BhagyaMani (talk) 09:10, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Several wikipedians put a lot of thought into developing and making templates available to the WP community, e.g. cite journal and cite book. I recommend Bromar00 to learn WP:CITEHOW and how to use templates before adding refs to articles. BhagyaMani (talk) 09:52, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I added the name "Indian Gharial" in the text, the RS explicitly states that is a common name. What other 'gharial' it distinguishes this species from is still unclear. My automatic ref fill gizmo is not working, but fortunately the source was already there. ~ cygnis insignis 12:26, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * When it was first used in the 1970s, then by 2 Indian biologists who referred to gharial studied in India. But I have never seen Nepali scientists referring to gharial studied in Nepal as 'Nepalese gharial'. If they did, would the use of an adjective make this combination a common name? – BhagyaMani (talk) 13:16, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Aha! A legacy of a different taxonomic arrangement or some form of regional types would explain that. ~ cygnis insignis 13:22, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Gharial in India and Nepal do not differ in morphology, and nobody described them as 2 distinct subspecies. Therefore, my argument is that 'Indian gharial' merely refers to the Indian population, but not to the species as such. – BhagyaMani (talk) 13:28, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I made a series of changes, each small to allow review, the source of the cladogram used the terms for discussion of the relationship to the other crocodilian exhibiting extreme specialisation. The term Malayan might also be seen as misleading, except as 'not the Indian', but that is not unusual in attempts to align common names to scientific descriptions. ~ cygnis insignis 14:30, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Re review: do you mean peer review? If so, then yes, I also thought about this as step for FAC. – BhagyaMani (talk) 14:42, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I meant review by contributors and followers of the discussion, BhagyaMani especially because they have invested a lot of time in improving this article. ~ cygnis insignis 15:14, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

Cladogram
I agree to Cougroyalty's revert and too think that the common names should be used for clarity. – BhagyaMani (talk) 17:16, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * But only one common name it seems. That edit was supported by directly quoting the source of the cladogram. Are we not in the middle of a discussion about that, it seems I was wasting time. ~ cygnis insignis 17:37, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, one common name, i.e. the one used in the title of both pages. – BhagyaMani (talk) 17:42, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * It is less clear, not more. What guideline states explicitly that a reliable source contradicting that "one common name" is to be ignored and censored? It is a fact that multiple common names exist, in the context of that cladogram the authors distinguish the two existing species names with those terms. ~ cygnis insignis 17:56, 6 February 2022 (UTC)
 * This has 0 to do with 'censorship'! For the Tomistoma gharial, the most commonly used name over many decades has been false gharial, but very rarely 'Malayan gharial' : just look at the references in that page. And a cladogram is not the appropriate place to add all common names that have eventually been used for the species. – BhagyaMani (talk) 18:10, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

 * "The name 'Indian gharial' has occasionally been used for gharial populations in India". is not supported by the citation to the 1977 note on etymology. ~ cygnis insignis 11:44, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It was indeed Bustard 1977 : changed this. – BhagyaMani (talk) 11:52, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The name Indian Gharial is in the title, I see no discussion within the article on its use. How is it supporting the alleged fact of your latest revision? ~ cygnis insignis 14:29, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I added this name to the section *Etymology*, and do not understand your question. – BhagyaMani (talk) 15:09, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gharial


text:
José Duarte (footballer)

José Duarte (born July 6, 1980) is a Brazilian football striker who currently plays for Shenyang Shenbei in the China League One.

He previously played for Maccabi Tel Aviv, Anapolina, Club Brugge, Hapoel Be'er Sheva, Hapoel Nazareth Illit, Hapoel Kfar Saba, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical and Chongqing Lifan.

José transferred to Tianjin Runyulong in March 2011.

Honours

 * Belgian Cup (1):
 * 2002
 * Belgian Supercup (1):
 * 2002

title: José Duarte (footballer)


text:
Microcellular plastic

Microcellular plastics, otherwise known as microcellular foam, is a form of manufactured plastic fabricated to contain billions of tiny bubbles less than 50 microns wide (typically 0.1–100 micrometers). It is formed by dissolving gas under high pressure into various polymers, relying on the phenomenon of thermodynamic instability to cause the uniform arrangement of the gas bubbles, otherwise known as nucleation. Its main purpose was to reduce material usage while maintaining valuable mechanical properties. the density of the finished product is determined by the gas used. Depending on the gas, the foam's density can be between 5% and 99% of the pre-processed plastic. Design parameters, focused on the foam's final form and the molding process afterward, include the type of die or mold to be used, as well as the dimensions of the bubbles, or cells, that classify the material as a foam. Since the cells' size is close to the wavelength of light, to the casual observer the foam retains the appearance of a solid, light-colored plastic. Recent developments at the University of Washington have produced nanocellular foams with cells in the 20-100 nanometer range. At Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, technologies are being developed to fabricate high quality microcellular foams.

History
Prior to 1974, traditional foams were created using a method outlined in U.S Patent named Mixing of Molten Plastic and Gas in 1974. By releasing a gas, otherwise known as a chemical or physical blowing agent, over molten plastic, hard plastic was converted into traditional foam. The results of these methods were highly undesirable. Due to the uncontrolled nature of the process, the product was often non-uniform, housing many large voids. In turn, the outcome was a low strength, low density foam, with large cells in the cellular structure. The pitfalls of this method drove the need for a process that could make a similar material with more advantageous mechanical properties.

The creation of microcellular foams as we know today was inspired by the production of traditional foams. In 1979, MIT masters students J.E. Martini and F.A Waldman, under the direction of Professor Nam P Suh, are both accredited with the invention of microcellular plastics, or microcellular foams. By doing pressurized extrusion and injection molding, their experimentation led to a method that used significantly less material and a product with 5-30% less voids that were less than 8 microns in size. In terms of mechanical properties, the fracture toughness of the material improved by 400% and the resistance to crack propagation increased by 200%. First, plastic is uniformly saturated with gas at a high pressure. Then, the temperature is increased, causing thermal instability in the plastic. In order to reach a stable state, cell nucleation takes place. During this step, the cells created would be much smaller than that of traditional foams. After this, cell growth, or matrix relaxation would initiate. The novelty of this method was the ability to control the mechanical properties of the product by varying the temperature and pressure inputs. For example, by modifying the pressure, a very thin outside layer could be formed, making the product even stronger. Experimental results found to be the gas that produced the densest foams. Other gases, such as Argon and Nitrogen produced foams with mechanical properties that were slightly less desirable.

Production
When selecting a gas to produce the desired foam, functional requirements and design parameters are considered. The functional requirements are identical to the criteria used when inventing this material type; using less plastic without sacrificing mechanical properties (especially toughness) that are capable of making the same three dimensional products the original plastic was able to do.

The production of microcellular plastics is dependent on temperature and pressure. Dissolving gas under high temperature and pressure creates a driving force that activates nucleation sites when the pressure drops, which increases exponentially with amount of dissolved gas.

Homogeneous nucleation is the primary mechanism for producing the bubbles in the cellular matrix. The dissolved gas molecules have a preference to diffuse to activation sites that have nucleated first. This is prevented since these sites are activated nearly simultaneously, forcing the dissolved gas molecules to be shared equally and uniform throughout the plastic.

Removing the plastic from the high pressure environment creates a thermodynamic instability. Heating the polymer above the effective glass transition temperature (of the polymer/gas mixture) then causes the plastic to foam, creating a very uniform structure of small bubbles.

Mechanical properties
The density of microcellular plastics has the greatest influence on the behavior and performance. The material tensile strength linearly decreases with the material density as more gas is dissolved into the part. Melting temperature and viscosity also decrease as well.

The foam injection process itself introduces surface defects such as swirl marks, streaking, and blistering, which also influence how the part reacts to external forces.

Advantages and disadvantages
Due to the non-hazardous nature of this foam-generating process, these plastics are able to be recycled and put back into the production cycle, reducing their carbon footprint as well as reducing the cost of raw materials.

With the porous nature of this material, the overall density is much lower than that of any solid plastic, considerably dropping the weight per unit volume of the part. This also entails less consumption of raw plastic with the addition of the tiny gas-filled pockets, allowing for further cost reduction, up to 35%.

When observing the mechanical properties of these foams, a loss of tensile strength is correlated with the decrease in density, in a nearly linear fashion.

Industrial applications
Since the steps taken by MIT research in the late 70s, microcellular plastics, and their methods of manufacturing, has become more standardized and improved upon. Trexel Inc. is often referred to as the industry standard for microcellular plastics with their use of MuCell® Molding Technology. Trexel, and other manufacturers of microcellular plastics, use both injection molding and blow mold methods to create products for applications such as automotive, medical, packaging, consumer, and industrial.

Injection molding and blow molding differ in regards to the type of product in need of being manufactured. Injection molding, much like casting, is centered around creating a mold for a solid object, which is to later be filled in with the molten plastic. Blow molding on the other hand, is more specialized for hollow objects, although it is less accurate regarding wall thickness with this dimension being an undefined feature (unlike in an injection mold where all dimensions are predetermined). In respect to MuCell® and microcellular plastics, these processes vary from that of traditional plastics due to the additional steps of gas dissolving and cell nucleation before the molding process can begin. This process removed the "pack and hold phase" that allowed for imperfections within a mold, creating a finished product with greater dimensional accuracy and sound structure. By removing an entire step of the molding process, time is saved, making MuCell® a more economical option since more parts can be manufactured in the same time compared to standard resins. A few examples of applications include automobile instrument panels, heart pumps, storage bins, and the housing on multiple household power tools.

title: Microcellular plastic


text: Talk:Miguel Pate

title: Talk:Miguel Pate


text:
Ethel Catherwood

Ethel Hannah Catherwood (April 28, 1908 – September 26, 1987) was a Canadian Olympic athlete.

Born in Hannah, North Dakota, United States, Ethel Catherwood was raised and educated in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, where she excelled at baseball, basketball and track and field athletics. In 1926, as a student at Bedford Road Collegiate, she equalled a Canadian record for high jump at the Saskatoon city track and field championships. On Labour Day of the same year, she broke the British-held high jump world record. In 1928, she became a member of the Matchless Six, a group of 6 Canadian women who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the first Olympics to allow female competitors in athletics. Catherwood took home a gold medal in high jump, clearing 1.59 m. There was considerable focus on her physical attributes during the Games earning her the nickname "Saskatoon Lily". As well, a New York Times correspondent dubbed her the "prettiest girl athlete" at the 1928 Olympics. However, much more than a pretty face, Ethel Catherwood took home the world's first ever gold medal awarded to a female high jumper and holds the title as the only Canadian female athlete to have won an individual gold medal in an Olympic track and field event.

Catherwood also held national titles in javelin throw, but this event became Olympic only in 1932, whereas she retired from competitions a year earlier. Upon her return from the 1928 Olympics, Catherwood was offered a movie contract, but declined the offer. She took a business course, married, and moved to California.

In 1955, she was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in 1966, and the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986.

Catherwood had an enigmatic life. After the Olympics, where she was feted as the beauty of the games, she was surrounded in scandal. Her secret marriage to and speedy Reno divorce from James McLaren, and later marriage to Byron Mitchell (whom she divorced in 1960) had the press following her every move. She refused to give interviews. She even considered trying out for the US Olympic team in 1932. She died in California on September 26, 1987.

Catherwood is the subject of a short graphic (i.e. comic) biography by David Collier entitled "The Ethel Catherwood Story," collected in An Anthology of Graphic Fiction, Cartoons, and True Stories, Ivan Brunetti ed. 2006.

title: Ethel Catherwood


text:
New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation

The New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation is a Class III railroad owned by Boston Sand & Gravel and offering freight service in parts of New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the United States. The company owns 43 mi of the former Boston and Maine Corporation's Conway Branch between Rollinsford and Ossipee, New Hampshire. The railroad's primary traffic is quarried sand. It interchanges cars with CSX in Dover, New Hampshire; the cars are then taken to the Boston Sand & Gravel plant in Charlestown, Massachusetts.

Other than the Boston gravel train, NHN also serves its own satellite gravel facility in Rochester, New Hampshire, as well as Eastern Propane at the same location and a few other freight customers. The company was founded in 1986 when the abandoned tracks were purchased. It has been proposed that the tracks be upgraded for passenger service between Boston and North Conway, New Hampshire.

NHN runs an average of two trains approximately five days a week: one southbound, and one northbound. The trains generally arrive at the pit in Ossipee around 11:00 AM and depart for the CSX interchange around 2:00 PM. "Shuttle" trains are run as needed to bring sand and gravel to the facility in Rochester. Once the train arrives in Dover, it assumes the CSX symbol DOBO (Dover to Boston) for the run to Boston. It returns as BODO (Boston to Dover) in the early morning. Until recently when they were replaced with a pair of EMD GP38-2s, the trains ran with several EMD GP9s.

Roster
The railroad also has an FURX GP38-2(5509) on lease and is not owned by the NHN.

title: New Hampshire Northcoast Corporation


text:
MV John Hamilton Gray

MV John Hamilton Gray was an icebreaking railway, vehicle, and passenger ferry which operated across the Abegweit Passage of Northumberland Strait, connecting Port Borden to Cape Tormentine between 1968–1997.

John Hamilton Gray was named in honour of two different people who shared the same name:

 * John Hamilton Gray, the fifth premier of the British colony of Prince Edward Island and one of Canada's Fathers of Confederation.
 * John Hamilton Gray, the second premier of the British colony of New Brunswick and also one of Canada's Fathers of Confederation.

Both men lived in the same era and ended up in public service in the neighbouring colonies of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, which this vessel would connect as a ferry.

Ferry service
John Hamilton Gray was launched in May 1965 as hull 349 at the Marine Industries Limited shipyard in Sorel, Quebec, and sub-assemblies were built by the Davie Shipyard in Lauzon and towed by barge to Sorel to be completed on the ferry. She was fitted out on November 1, 1967, and delivered in October 1968. The sea trials took place in September 1968. Her designers were the Montreal design firm of German & Milne. Her owner was the Canadian National Railway (CN), operator of the Borden-Tormentine service from 1918–1977.

Beginning in May 1972, John Hamilton Gray was used during the peak travel season on CN's Cabot Strait services from North Sydney to Channel-Port aux Basques and Argentia. The seasonal service to Newfoundland typically lasted until November, whereby John Hamilton Gray would return to the Northumberland Strait service for the winter icebreaking season where she served alongside MV Abegweit. Her summer participation in the Newfoundland service ended in September 1988 in advance of MV Joseph and Clara Smallwood's entry into service in 1989.

In 1977, CN created a subsidiary CN Marine to operate its ferry services. In 1986, CN Marine changed its name to Marine Atlantic, the last operator of the ferry service between Borden and Cape Tormentine.

Throughout the 1970s until the new MV Abegweit entered service in 1982, John Hamilton Gray was the largest and most powerful ferry on the Northumberland Strait.

John Hamilton Gray was designed to be compatible with the A Dock at both Borden and Cape Tormentine which was in use by the original MV Abegweit (and whose design is traced to the SS Prince Edward Island). John Hamilton Gray loaded only from the stern on the lower rail/truck deck, however until a modification in the early 1980s (in advance of the arrival of the new MV Abegweit), the upper car deck was loaded from a side hatch at the stern. The modification in the early 1980s saw the side hatch sealed and a stern loading hatch added.

On December 31, 1989, John Hamilton Gray hauled the last railcars and locomotives off Prince Edward Island as CN Rail abandoned its former Prince Edward Island Railway trackage in the province.

John Hamilton Gray was chartered for two summers by "Croisières Carleton-les-Îles", a private ferry company in Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula during 1995 and 1996, running a passenger-vehicle service between Carleton-sur-Mer and Cap-aux-Meules, Quebec in the Magdalen Islands.

John Hamilton Gray departed the Northumberland Strait for the final time on April 28, 1997, when she headed to Point Edward, Nova Scotia for disposal. The pending opening of the Confederation Bridge on May 31, 1997, would result in the permanent closure of the ferry service and Marine Atlantic only required three vessels (MV Holiday Island, MV Vacationland, and MV Abegweit) during the last month of operation.

Casino cruise service
John Hamilton Gray was sold in July 1997 at Point Edward by the Government of Canada's Crown Assets Division to Contessa International, a casino cruise company in the United States. The vessel was overhauled at a shipyard in Les Méchins, Quebec, and departed for West Palm Beach, Florida, in November, no longer a ferry but a casino cruise ship.

Carrying the new name Contessa I, the vessel operated cruises from West Palm Beach from 1998 to 2001. Still owned by Contessa International, she was managed by Kyma Ship Management of Panama and renamed Texas Treasure II. The vessel operated casino cruises from Freeport, Texas in late 2001 and early 2002 then from Port Aransas, Texas, for the remainder of the 2002 season before being mothballed at Freeport, Bahamas, and placed for sale, following the failure of U.S. Coast Guard safety and U.S. government hygiene inspections.

Scrapping
The vessel was renamed Treasure and sailed to the Alang Ship Breaking Yard in Alang, India. The Lloyd's Registry shows the vessel as demolished on March 15, 2004; however, records indicate that the vessel departed Freeport on April 30, 2004, passing the Suez Canal on June 11 and being scrapped later that month.

title: MV John Hamilton Gray