text:
Talk:Kherson

Geology
Close to Kherson is an area that looks very strange from satellite: (46.60056°N, 33.03972°W). It looks like a mining area.

 * I couldn't find that map there. Please, give a direct link. Sashazlv 01:10, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * New to wikipedia, didnt know about the 'discussion' tab. Ok, here it is http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=46.600556,33.039722&spn=0.3,0.3&t=k. If you zoom out a bit, you can really see that it looks strange.

This is not a mining area, but an area with sand dunes, which are partly covered by forests which have been planted since the 1950ies.

Skluesener

Founder
Contradicts with the Gannibal article, which says Kherson was founded by one of his sons.

Twin Cities
The previous list from 04:16 1 September 2010 by 68.97.46.189 was pure fantasy. None of the cities mentioned have listed Kherson among their twin cities on the respective main entries. Also, I have searched the archive for Oslo municipality and can find no mention of Kherson ever having been a twin city (they abolished twin cities some years ago, then having only agreements with Madison, WI, USA). They currently have cooperation agreements with some cities and regions, but not Kherson. --Geira (talk) 14:58, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

Edit request
Please link to the disambiguation page Kherson (disambiguation)

Please add the hatnote

-- 65.92.246.142 (talk) 03:47, 4 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅  — Paper9oll  (🔔 • 📝)  09:49, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

No "Control", not "Controlled by"
Territory being occupied during an ongoing military aggression on a country is NOT the same as "Control". Stop putting it into the infobox of this or any other city. It is also a misuse of "Smaller parts" group of parameters in "Infobox settlement" template. Flipping Switches (talk) 18:31, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

 * The template does not have a field "Control" nor "Occupied by". Please do not misuse inappropriate fields. Oleksandr Master (talk) 19:21, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Why don't you add the fields in that case? It can't be too hard. 46.132.47.156 (talk) 18:35, 18 March 2022 (UTC)

Russian name...
I'm not sure when the Russian name/pronunciation was removed, by whom, or why, but the majority of the population there speaks Russian as their main language, so even if it weren't for the fact that it's now under Russian control, it'd still make sense to include that. The only reason I can think of for why it was removed (I found it in the history) is for political/nationalistic reasons, but this doesn't fit with NPOV. -2003:CA:874F:BB68:55F0:1353:3A3F:73E7 (talk) 20:52, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Oops, you did a badspeak. Your IP is now marked as "russian bot" status. 2A00:23C4:4EE0:A201:15E9:7F09:B7E0:8F1E (talk) 20:55, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Restored. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.13.242.127 (talk) 15:01, 1 April 2022 (UTC)

"Russian occupation" section
This section does not make sense. For one can not occupy a city that one founded to begin with.

Agreed, plus the Kiev government has no control over the area and the area has petitioned to join the Russian Federation. It's a Russian city occupied by the Ukraine. Article needs major restructuring, perhaps after Kherson eventually joins Russia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.126.118.233 (talk) 21:58, 18 June 2022 (UTC)
 * If the Ukraine government has no control over the area, the area is not "occupied by the Ukraine". And only the collaborators have petitioned to join the Russian Federation. 82.132.186.65 (talk) 17:51, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * This comment does not make sense. The city is located within internationally recognized borders of Ukraine, who founded is irrelevant. Mellk (talk) 23:54, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

At the end of the Russian occupation section, it is stated that "No other country recognized the annexation". This should be changed to "As of 5 October 2022, North Korea is the only UN member to have explicitly backed annexation" (The following link can be used as the source: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/nkorea-backs-russias-proclaimed-annexations-criticises-us-double-standards-2022-10-03/). — Preceding unsigned comment added by El819 (talk • contribs) 14:21, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

Occupied doesn't represent the actual situation.
Earlier today Kherson along with other fromer regions of Ukraine joined the Russian Federation. It is now an annexed territory, a part of the Russian Federation just like Moscow, Sevastopol or Vladivostok. Maybe we can add to separate infoboxes about Ukraine and Russia. Bilikon (talk) 15:38, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Of course not. Just because someone claims to have annexed something, it doesn't change the situation. The so-called annexation by the fascist regime in Moscow lacks any legal standing, as the entire world has made clear (including the UN). Pretending otherwise would violate what virtually every reliable source says about the matter. Jeppiz (talk) 17:36, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 October 2022
Kheron is stated as being russian.

This is a joke. The site is protected from trolls etc? Still - the stated country is 'rusia'?! Based on international legislation, the UN declaration and majority of the world, this is NOT russian. Thereafter hiding behind a 'semi-edit protection' seems to be related to this disinformation. Suggesting kherson is Russia on Wikipedia is a) factually not correct b) taking a political side c) disinformation.

This should be adjusted and the article should be managed by people without an agenda. 2A02:A420:60:BB5:DA2F:2108:D6A7:2A9C (talk) 19:16, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Don't see where it is "stated as being russian". Cannolis (talk) 22:28, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

Add Russia as de facto controller.
It's true that the Kremlin considers Kherson an integrated part of the Russian Federation. Of course it's illegal, but keeping it as just Ukraine is false, as it is now a disputed territory. Dokateoo (talk) 18:53, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

 * This is true, as bitter as it is. Josias-Zygmont (talk) 03:27, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Etymology
Change "As first new settlement" to "As the first new settlement" Optymystic (talk) 21:54, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

✅ Mikelr (talk) 03:32, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

Spelling
Please correct spelling:
 * newly formed faction "Support to the programs of the President of Ukraine"
 * newly formed fraction "Support to the programs of the President of Ukraine"

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 26 October 2022
I ask to be allowed to edit the page 86.18.130.241 (talk) 13:44, 26 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Won't happen. You need to create an account and edit for a while. -- Mvqr (talk) 15:15, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 11 November 2022
Please write that Ukraine confirmed the liberation of Kherson from the Russian occupiers. source, archive link. Thanks in advance, - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 14:06, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Slava Ukraini! Long live the victory! Long live the heroes! Euglenos sandara (talk) 15:02, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Херсон - це Україна! - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 16:14, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. – Jonesey95 (talk) 02:24, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * To change to just Ukraine that the region is libirated and it is on Ukraine control. 77.29.230.37 (talk) 06:00, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson#cite_note-65 77.29.230.37 (talk) 06:07, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

 * After I posted this, someone else has added “and Ukrainian forces subsequently entered the city on 11 November 2022”. At the time, the sentence still wasn’t in the article. - 🇺🇦 Слава🇺🇦Україні 🇺🇦 Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦 (talk)🇺🇦 09:16, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

City Raion romanisation errors
The timing of this might be a little unfortunate considering the very recent page protection (slava Ukrajini!), but the city raion names are romanised wrongly.

Суворівський район, Корабельний район, and Дніпровський район, are all romanised inconsistently in the article, as Suvorovski raion, Korabelny Raion, and Dniprovski raion, as of the latest revision. The correct romanisations, as per the Ukrainian National transliteration, would be have their suffixes be -skyy or -nyy, and not -ski or -ny.

The correct transliterated names would therefore be Suvorovskyy raion, Korabelnyy raion, and Dniprovskyy raion, respectively. In English, there's also tradition to translate names for Ukrainian administrative divisions directly, (Kyiv region or oblast instead of Kyivska oblast, for example,) so Suvorov raion, Korabel raion, and Dnipro raion might also be appropriate. German Wikipedia uses this approach for their raion articles. SAINT LUM (talk) 00:50, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Lemonaka (talk) 19:50, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

Still in Russian federation
Still in Russian federation 2603:6010:8605:CF00:ACB2:44CA:62A5:302C (talk) 01:25, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Good joke. Mellk (talk) 01:58, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Never again! --Andhanq (talk) 15:49, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 12 November 2022
Change “subsequently entered the city on 11th November.” to “subsequently started entering the city on 11th November.” 2A02:C7C:A489:4100:8D67:8331:FEC6:F1C4 (talk) 13:46, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Sirdog (talk) 05:56, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

"Ordered to leave"
I can envision there being some semantic disputes here but right now it says "Russian forces were ordered to withdraw from the city" in lede. But isn't it perhaps more accurate to note somehow that the Russian withdrawal was forced by Ukrainian offensive operations? Something along the lines of: "Russian forces officially started retreating from the city on 9 November ..."? As it is now, it gives a possibility of reading it as another so-called "good will gesture" (lol!), in other words that the withdrawal somehow wasn't directly connected with Ukrainian military success, pressure and advance - which it obviously was. Using a word like "retreat" in there would help carry all those connotations. Euor (talk) 09:46, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

 * This can probably be phrased as "due to [Ukrainian military operations targeting Russian logistics], Russian forces were ordered to leave", or something like that. I do prefer the term "retreat", but if that's somehow not possible or appropriate, elaborating the "ordered to leave" -part with an antecedent would pprobably suffice. SAINT LUM (talk) 23:55, 5 December 2022 (UTC)

Lead section
I want to expand the lead section. Can I do that? -- Phaisit16207 (talk) 17:06, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

alk]]) 17:06, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

alk]]) 17:06, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

Etymology

 * Add this text to the etymology section: The town is also referred to as Sari Kermen (Sarı Kermen; Сары-Кермен) in Crimean Tatar. The name appeared at the end of the 15th century after the Ottoman Empire took possession of the Crimea.
 * Reason for the change: Historical name that should be mentioned.
 * References supporting change: — Preceding unsigned comment added by 5.134.59.159 (talk • contribs) 11:59, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting question.svg Question: If I'm seeing correctly, this is an entry in a dictionary or similar repository(?). That might be okay, but it would be better if you had a more reliable source for this.

 * Also, this template is intended for users that have a conflict of interest. If you do not, you can use Template:Edit extended-protected to request edits that you cannot implement due to page protection. Please remember to sign your posts on talk pages. Happy editing! Actualcpscm (talk) 17:30, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

Proposed new article for "2022 Russian Occupation" section
I think this section should be made into a new article, then a summary could be put here for the long term context. The 3 linked articles could also be linked in the new article. What should the name be? I think something with 2022-2023, also reflecting the context in the wider conflict. Something that could include the back and forth: Russian occupation, return to Ukrainian control, and the flooding. Lena Key (talk) 11:12, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

 * @Lena Key I've created a discussion about a somewhat similar proposal at Talk:Russian_invasion of Ukraine, if you're interested. HappyWith (talk) 17:26, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 August 2023
History - Can someone mention that the Dnipro River delta area was inhabited by a group of hunter-gatherers which was genetically isolated from the rest of Europe's population. See https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230809130654.htm (New research links early Europeans' cultural and genetic development over several thousand years) Thanks 2A00:23C2:8B08:E501:C501:381B:F5F5:8D28 (talk) 06:13, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

Current status of Kherson (as of October 27, 2023)
This article states that Kherson was flooded in June 2023 and subsequently evacuated. Has anyone returned to the city? Or is it still flooded? The article should include this information in the first few paragraphs.

rdl381 (talk) 09:43, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

Split History
I'd like to improve Finnish version of this article, but I can't speak Ukrainian so I have translate from English. City of this size warrants a main article on its history, espicially if new content is added. Splitting other sections like Transport and Geography would be helpful as well. Arla (talk) 18:34, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

 * History is an integral part of any page on a place of human settlement. Removing it to a separate page (where it is less likely to be encountered) would still require leaving a substantial summary behind. Length of the page is not a problem. With clearly marked sections, readers can skip whatever subjects are not of interest. ManfredHugh (talk) 13:06, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
 * The page body has less than 4,000 words, less than 3,300 if we don’t count the lists of links at the end. According to WP:SIZESPLIT this is in the category of “< 6,000 words — < 40 kB — Length alone does not justify division or trimming.” —Michael Z. 17:11, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

Some of the detailed chronological material on the Russian occupation has been removed to the article on the Russian Occupation of Kherson Oblast.ManfredHugh (talk)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 7 March 2024
Adding the german city of Kiel as a partner city, this relationship has been established in early 2024. Source: https://www.kiel.de/de/kiel_zukunft/kiel_international/cherson.php Kiel's City website 147.161.165.31 (talk) 06:37, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Rsk6400 (talk) 07:15, 7 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kherson


text:
User:Richard B. Cathcart

I have also contributed with these IP addresses: 59.92.39.102, 59.92.39.50, 24.205.62.192.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Richard B. Cathcart


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/West End Marketplace

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 13:43, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

West End Marketplace
Delete: Not notable Muhgcee 01:14, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 07:41, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Richard B. Cathcart

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Richard B. Cathcart


text:
Talk:Isuzu Soma

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 01:15, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Versions of the article when first listed on VFD and when the VFD tag was removed. Sango  123  03:14, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm utterly baffled why anyone in their right mind would place this article for deletion. -ZeroTalk 07:34, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

The "character in charge of sexiness"
Can someone please find a source for that quote in the lead? Contra the claim, it's not in any of the freetalks in the Tokyopop volume 12, nor in the notes in the back -- nor can I find it in any freetalk from volume 9 through 18. I'm not removing it immediately because it sounds familiar, so I'm not certain that it's not just a bad citation rather than made up, but unless someone proves it's real in the next couple weeks, I will (reluctantly) delete it as unverified. —Quasirandom (talk) 16:57, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I am proposing that this article be merged into List of Fruits Basket characters. If you have an opinion, please come over here. —Quasirandom (talk) 02:41, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isuzu Soma


text:
Talk:Lithuanians

South Africa
South Africa has a Jewish population of between 70-120 thousand. Most statistics show that 80% of these are of Lithuanian decent (one famous SA Lithuanian is Joe Slovo), which leads to a number way over 60,000. I was wondering if we could add this information?? Bezuidenhout (talk) 22:48, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

 * No, because Jews who immigrated from Lithuania are not Lithuanian. We didn't even speak Lithuanian or Belorussian or Russian. We spoke Yiddish. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Capestessa (talk • contribs) 03:27, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

I have never heard of laurynas gucevicius why is he among the famous people?
Seriously all of these famous people I know a lot about and soem random guy laurynas gucevicius I have never heard of in there?... but balys sruoga or something in there not someone no one knows aboout. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.173.37.60 (talk) 18:02, 28 May 2013 (UTC)

Genetics: CCR5-D32 Mutation is misleading
I found this article through a recent Reddit post claiming that 16% of Lithuanians are resistant against HIV. This is based on the following sentence in the article here:
 * The CCR5-D32 allele, which confers resistance to HIV infection, is present in about 16% of the Lithuanian population. Its relatively high frequency may have arisen as a response to epidemics of smallpox or plague in the region.

This sentence is highly misleading at best. Each gene in the human has two alleles. In 16% of Lithuanians one copy of the gene is said CCR5-D32 allele, while the other is not. The wildtype allele of the CCR5 gene still produces the CCR5 co-receptor and therefore those individuals are not immune to HIV. They only have a 35% lower chance of contracting HIV.  Full resistance against HIV is only achieved if both copies of the CCR5 gene carry the CCR5-D32 allele, which is the case in only about 1% of Europeans. The sentence in the article is very misleading. The Reddit post shows that it's being understood as 16% of Lithuanians being completely resistant to HIV which is not the case. Who knows, it might even encourage some people to be less careful when having sex because they wrongly believe they are immune against HIV. That's just a speculation of course. The other issue that I have with that sentence is that it gives the impression that the occurrence of the CCR5-D32 allele in Lithuanians is in any way special. If you read the original PLoS One publication that is given as a ref you will realize that much of Northern Europe / the Baltics share the same high prevalence of this mutation. It is not a special genetic feature of Lithuanians. For those reasons I suggest to remove the sentence altogether.  SPLETTE  :] How's my driving? 23:28, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and removed it. I agree with your points that the statement is somewhat misleading and largely trivial. I furthermore would note that the 16% statistic for Lithuanian population is not in the article as a statement but only as part of an approximate distribution map from which it's difficult to tell even the approximate number for Lithuania (the Lithuanian teritory is in both 16% and 14% zones).No longer a penguin (talk) 16:33, 19 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you. If new information comes up about this particular mutation, I think it will be better placed in the CCR5 article with the proper context rather than as a piece of trivial information in other articles.  SPLETTE  :] How's my driving? 01:59, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

The gallery of personalities from the infobox
I invite everybody to post their opinions at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Ethnic_groups Hahun (talk) 15:42, 26 November 2015 (UTC)
 * RfC can be found here Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Ethnic groups. Gerard von Hebel (talk) 02:13, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

1991 article
"Since the Neolithic period the native inhabitants of the Lithuanian territory have not been replaced by any other ethnic group, so there is a high probability that the inhabitants of present-day Lithuania have preserved the genetic composition of their forebears relatively undisturbed by the major demographic movements" based on a 1991 article. But we now know, that 46% of Lithuanian Y-DNA (haplogroup N) is much younger in the Baltic than Neolithic. --YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII (talk) 19:22, 4 May 2016 (UTC)

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genetic heritage

 * present:

"A 2004 analysis of mtDNA in a Lithuanian population revealed that Lithuanians are close to both Indo-European and Uralic-speaking populations of Northern Europe. Y-chromosome SNP haplogroup analysis showed Lithuanians to be closest to Balts, Russians, Belarusians and Finnish people.  Autosomal SNP analysis situates Lithuanians most proximal to Latvians, followed by the East Slavs, furthermore, all Slavic peoples and Germans are situated more proximal to Lithuanians than Finns and northern Russians.[32]"

i cant found higlighted thesis in sourced32 text. And there are rather opsite informations. qutes:

1 Latvians and Lithuanians, lie in the vicinity of Finno-Ugric-speaking Estonians according to their Y-chromosome diversity (Fig 2B), whilst in their autosomal variation they are slightly shifted towards the group of East Slavic speakers (Fig 2A). Also, one finds Volga-Finnic Mordvins close to the two Baltic-speaking populations

2 Most West and East Slavs of Central-East Europe form genetically a compact group of populations that, as a general rule, differ from their western (Germanic-speaking) and eastern (Finno-Ugric-speaking) neighbors.

 * I propose delete words 'and Geramans' from this chapter as non non sourced inserted in this edit. 99.90.196.227 (talk) 06:35, 26 June 2018 (UTC)

new information
I found information about these people(Jaats),they are from the land where vedas were written, it suggests Sanskrit was first used there(which is closest language to Lithuanian) these people are also genetically close to eastern Europeans so i thought maybe there must be connection with Lithuanians. I hope you will consider reviewing it Genetics https://www.jatland.com/home/Lithuania
 * Blog entries are not sources and most times they are just some fringe theories. You need academic sources for such claims. The same applies to your message at Talk:Romuva (religion). – Sabbatino (talk) 05:29, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

That would be really hard considering many people(Including government) there always try to denounce Indo-European migration or invasion theories to prove their great vedic civilization had no influence from outside, But many reports are publicised again and again proving opposite,genetically Jats are closer to eastern Europeans and at some extent northern Gothics, Rajputs also shares genes with central Europeans and greeks, i have some pictures of old research, but Wikipedia won't let me upload since it's not my workElvis.J700 (talk) 09:59, 11 May 2019 (UTC)

Ethnic Poles paragraph under "Ethnic composition of Lithuania"
"However, it has only held 1 or 2 seats in the parliament of Lithuania for the past decade.": Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania has held 8 seats in the Seimas since 2012, and held an average of 2.4 seats between 1992 and 2012 ([2] click "Seimas Plenary Chamber seating plan"). Additionally, it is currently part of the ruling coalition, and appears to have been previously.

"Due to the excessive pro-Pole political agenda": "excessive" seems like an inappropriately loaded language, but I'm not an expert on Wikipedia or Lithuania and defer to more experienced editors (I wouldn't have brought it up if not for the other mistakes in this paragraph)

Phizon (talk) 10:55, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

One of the oldest peoples ?
Since the process of ethnogenesis is a very complicated one, it is nearly impossible to claim that an ethnogenesis has taken place before the occurrence of written testimony. To claim the existence of a Lithuanian people in pre-historical times from genetical evidence is simply WP:OR.

The term "nation" is a complicated one, but because of its implications also a dangerous one (are those who are Lithuanian nationals, but don't self-identify as Lithuanians not members of the "nation" ?). It should therefore only be used if support by excellent sources.

That other articles are not perfect (with respect to MOS:INFOBOXFLAG or the use of the term "nation") is no reason to introduce the same faults to this article. Rsk6400 (talk) 06:48, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

 * WP:OR: ...material—such as facts, allegations, and ideas—for which no reliable, published sources exist. A statement based on what was written in Richard C. Frucht's book "Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture" (as I had done) is not OR. Your statement is false.
 * WP:RS were provided for the claims about Lithuanians being a nation. Wikipedia rules make no provisions for removal of sourced statements based on personal qualms.
 * MOS:INFOBOXFLAG: Flag icons should only be inserted in infoboxes in those cases where they convey information in addition to the text. This is clearly the case here. The Lithuanian flag is, self-evidently, very relevant to an article about Lithuanians. Furthermore, dismissing GA articles as imperfect and going against the MOS and etc. seems very pretentious. GA articles are, by virtue of being GA, exemplary. If adding flags of a certain group to an infobox about that group as a whole are indeed infractions on Wiki MOS, then please remove the flags in the infoboxes of the articles on Canadians and British people, for the sake of all. Cukrakalnis (talk) 19:20, 19 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for replying here. I didn't see the Frucht reference, so I have to apologize for calling it OR. I looked around a bit trying to find out who Frucht is, but didn't succeed. Still, I think we'd need a much better source than Frucht. A people normally needs to have a sense of identity and a sense of being different from other peoples in order to be called a "people". To claim such a thing thousands of years before the first written records seems to me WP:REDFLAG. Also, since Frucht doesn't seem to be an expert on Baltic prehistory, WP:RSCONTEXT should apply here. The text written at the beginning of the body, Over the centuries, and especially under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, some of these tribes consolidated into the Lithuanian nation seems to me a much more convincing explanation of how Lithuanians became what they are.
 * The "nation": I don't object to using the term "Lithuanian nation", but the problem of your expression "a Baltic ethnic group and nation" is that it implies the identity of Lithuanian ethnic group and nation. For this identity I didn't see any sources, so this is OR, unless I'm mistaken again.
 * Regarding the flag: Icelanders, the Good Article you mentioned as an example for calling an ethnic group a "nation", doesn't have one. I can't see the additional bit of information contained in the flag. What kind of information is there "in addition to the text" ? Rsk6400 (talk) 07:10, 20 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Richard Frucht, PhD, is a professor of history at Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO (at the very bottom). A PhD who is a professor of history seems like an excellent source. That said, I think I understand what your main objections are, and will rephrase some parts, while adding more sources, to make it more precise, insofar as what is the current thought on the relevant matter.
 * Based on Cambridge Dictionary, the definition of nation that is relevant to us is: a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area:
 * the Navajo nation
 * From that same dictionary, ethnicity: a large group of people with a shared culture, language, history, set of traditions, etc., or the fact of belonging to one of these groups:
 * Ethnicity is not considered when reviewing applications.
 * There is a Lithuanian ethnicity. There is also a Lithuanian nation. Both are inextricably related. Regarding what you are saying about it implies the identity of Lithuanian ethnic group and nation, I am unsure about what are you objecting to. Regarding adding the word nation to the lead section, I had added three references (all of which you removed), which had the following quotes:
 * Some scholars even envision a gloomy scenario of the extinction of Lithuanian language and nation over the next 100 years.
 * The result of the Russification policy introduced by the government of Czar Nikolai I was not the withering of the Lithuanian nation and religion, but a convergence of nationality and Catholicism.
 * The contemporary Lithuanian nation has grown out of Catholic Lithuania.
 * In the 1st quote, there is a clear connection between Lithuanian language and the Lithuanian nation. Regarding the 3rd quote, perhaps I should have also included that in the sentence just before, it is written: These two ethnic Lithuanian groups were divided by national border and by religion - Prussian Lithuanians were mostly Lutherans, while ethnic Lithuanians were mostly Catholics. I suppose that this would have made the connection between the Lithuanian ethnicity and nation far clearer to you.
 * Like with the Union Flag in the Good Article British people, the addition of the Flag of Lithuania to this article would add information about what is the symbol that Lithuanians identify with, which so far is not included or even mentioned anywhere in an article about them.
 * Cukrakalnis (talk) 21:34, 22 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Regarding Frucht / "one of the oldest peoples": I already pointed to WP:REDFLAG and WP:RSCONTEXT.
 * Regarding nation: In Germany, where I live and where I'm teaching history, there has been an awful lot of philosophical, ethnological and political discussion about the relationship between "nation" (with various definitions), "ethnicity", "culture", and similar terms, starting in the early 19th century (or even earlier) and continuing up to this day. Since Lithuania has had productive intellectuals since many centuries ago, it would seem a miracle to me, had similar discussions not taken place among Lithuanians. I totally agree with you that we can speak of a "Lithunian nation", but I have very strong doubts that Lithuanians can be defined simply as a "nation" (without a further definition of the term "nation"), or that the "nation" is identical with the "ethnic group".
 * Regarding the information contained in the flag: That's not how I understand the word "information". In my understanding, adding a section on the meaning of the flag for Lithuanians would be the only way to add information about the flag to this article. Rsk6400 (talk) 08:19, 24 November 2022 (UTC)

Regardless whether Lithuanians are nation or just an ethnicity in this article, why do you keep on removing the flag? The Lithuanian Charter adopted by the diaspora communities of ETHNIC LITHUANIANS declared yellow, green and red as colours of a Lithuanian, this flag is also heavilly used by Lithuanian diaspora regardless of affinity/connection to the Republic of Lithuania. Dziugreb (talk) 14:01, 3 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I'd suggest you add a section about the Lithuanian Charter and / or the history of the flag. That section could be accompanied by any image of the flag. But since the flag contains no information, it should not be added to the infobox according to MOS:INFOBOXFLAG. Rsk6400 (talk) 07:35, 4 December 2022 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by 'flag contains no information'? Dziugreb (talk) 17:14, 4 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I was referring to the sentence in MOS:INFOBOXFLAG, Flag icons should only be inserted in infoboxes in those cases where they convey information in addition to the text. Since I don't see that the flag conveys information in addition to the text, I don't think the flag should be added here. Rsk6400 (talk) 18:34, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lithuanians


text:
User:Sunray/contributions

"By their fruit you will recognize them." Matthew 7:16

Most of my contributions fall into two main fields: culture and society. This is probably not surprising as most of my academic training is in anthropology and sociology. I'm Canadian and when I first began to write for Wikipedia in late 2003, I perceived a strong bias in the Canadian articles towards subjects that would be of interest young, white, techno-literate, males. There were relatively few articles about women, francophones, Aboriginal people and visible minorities. So, you will note that I have paid some attention to those subjects. I'm pleased to note that the balance has shifted considerably.

In addition to articles on Canadian subjects, I've tried to broaden my horizons and strike a balance by editing articles on Asian topics, particularly those pertaining to some aspects of Chinese culture, such as Taoism.

I've always been interested in geography and history. The other themes that run through my writing are ecology and sustainability. While I have some post-graduate training in ecology, most of this is self-taught as a result of spending a great deal of time in nature and thinking about human modification of ecosystems and the attendant effects on soil, water and air.

List of articles edited 2003-2008
In my first five years of editing Wikipedia, I kept a list of articles I worked on. By 2008 this became too much of a chore to update. The now woefully out of date list can be found here.

title: User:Sunray/contributions


text:
Ulrich Wehling

Ulrich Wehling (born 8 July 1952 in Halle) is a retired German skier who won the nordic combined event in the Winter Olympics three consecutive times, in 1972, 1976, and 1980. Wehling was the first man to win three consecutive gold medals in the same event at Winter Olympics but not the first Olympian to win three Gold in a winter discipline as Gillis Grafström had won a figure skating title at the Summer Olympics 1920 before winning twice at the first two Winter Olympics.

At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, Wehling won two Nordic combined medals with a gold in 1974 and a bronze in 1978. Wehling also won the Nordic combined at the Holmenkollen ski festival three straight years (1975–1977). For his successes in the Nordic combined, he received the Holmenkollen medal in 1976. He was a Stasi informer under the codename "Springer".

Wehling is currently FIS Race Director for the Nordic combined, a role he also did for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo. He now lives in Switzerland.

Other successes

 * 1971 junior European champion
 * 1975 GDR masters
 * 1976 GDR master
 * 1977 GDR master
 * 1978 GDR master
 * 1979 GDR master

title: Ulrich Wehling


text:
Fire-stick farming

Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this special type of controlled burning, including to facilitate hunting, to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area, weed control, hazard reduction, and increase of biodiversity.

While it had been discontinued in many parts of Australia, it has been reintroduced in the 21st century by the teachings of custodians from areas where the practice is extant in continuous unbroken tradition such as the Noongar peoples' cold fire.

Terminology
The term "fire-stick farming" was coined by Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969. It has more recently been called cultural burning   and cool burning.

History
Aboriginal burning has been proposed as the cause of a variety of environmental changes, including the extinction of the Australian megafauna, a diverse range of large animals which populated Pleistocene Australia. Palynologist A. P. Kershaw has argued that Aboriginal burning may have modified the vegetation to the extent that the food resources of the megafauna were diminished, and as a consequence the largely herbivorous megafauna became extinct. Kershaw also suggested that the arrival of Aboriginal people may have occurred more than 100,000 years ago, and that their burning caused the sequences of vegetation changes which he detects through the late Pleistocene. The first to propose such an early arrival for Aboriginal peoples was Gurdip Singh from the Australian National University, who found evidence in his pollen cores from Lake George indicating that Aboriginal people began burning in the lake catchment around 120,000 years ago.

Tim Flannery believes that the megafauna were hunted to extinction by Aboriginal people soon after they arrived. He argues that with the rapid extinction of the megafauna, virtually all of which were herbivorous, a great deal of vegetation was left uneaten, increasing the standing crop of fuel. As a consequence, fires became larger and hotter than before, causing the reduction of fire-sensitive plants to the advantage of those that were fire-resistant or fire-dependent. Flannery suggests that Aboriginal people then began to burn more frequently to maintain a high species diversity and to reduce the effect of high intensity fires on medium-sized animals and perhaps some plants. He argues that twentieth-century Australian mammal extinctions are largely the result of the cessation of Aboriginal "firestick farming".

Researcher David Horton from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, suggested in 1982, "Aboriginal use of fire had little impact on the environment and... the patterns of distribution of plants and animals which obtained 200 years ago would have been essentially the same whether or not Aborigines had previously been living here".

A 2010 study of charcoal records from more than 220 sites in Australasia dating back 70,000 years found that the arrival of the first inhabitants about 50,000 years ago did not result in significantly greater fire activity across the continent (although this date is in question, with sources pointing to much earlier migrations). The study reported higher bushfire activity from about 70,000 to 28,000 years ago. It decreased until about 18,000 years ago, around the time of the last glacial maximum, and then increased again, a pattern consistent with shifts between warm and cool climatic conditions. This suggests that fire in Australasia predominantly reflects climate, with colder periods characterised by less and warmer intervals by more biomass burning.

Regular firing favoured not only fire-tolerant or fire-resistant plants, but also encouraged those animals which were favoured by more open country. On this basis, it is clear that Aboriginal burning, in many areas at least, did affect the "natural" ecosystem, producing a range of vegetation associations which would maximise productivity in terms of the food requirements of the Aboriginal people. Jones goes so far as to say that "through firing over thousands of years, Aboriginal man has managed to extend his natural habitat zone".

Most of these theories implicate Aboriginal use of fire as a component of the changes to both plant and animal communities within Australia during the last 50,000 years, although the significance of the effect of their burning is far from clear. Some have suggested that the intensive use of fire as a tool followed, but was not directly a consequence of, the extinction of the megafauna. If the megafauna remained in some areas until the Holocene, evidence is needed from within the last 10,000 years for changes induced by new Aboriginal burning patterns.

Another factor to be considered is the likelihood that Aboriginal population density increased rapidly and dramatically over the last 5,000 to 10,000 years.

The stone technology which Aboriginal people had been using with little modification for over 40,000 years diversified and specialised in the last 5,000 years. Spear barbs and tips peaked about 2,000 years ago, and then completely disappeared from the archaeological record in south-eastern Australia. They were replaced by technologies associated with the exploitation of smaller animals – shell fish hooks and bone points along the coast for fishing, axes for hunting possums across the woodlands, and adzes for sharpening digging sticks along the banks of the larger rivers where the yams were abundant. The intensive and regular use of fire was an essential component of this late Holocene shift in resource base.

Cultural burnings were slowly eradicated after European settlers began to colonise Australia from 1788 onwards. Studying the layers of pollen and other organic matter from samples of sedimentary layers of earth from the around the Bolin Bolin billabong in Victoria in 2021 revealed that colonisation brought about the biggest changes in around 10,000 years. The samples show a lack of plant biodiversity since then, with huge forests of highly combustible species of eucalypt replacing plants which were less flammable and burn at lower temperatures. An early result of the disruption of cool burning was the devastating Black Thursday bushfires in February 1851, which burnt 5,000,000 ha of the colony of Victoria.

Purposes
There are a number of purposes, including to facilitate hunting, to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area, weed control,  hazard reduction,  and increase of biodiversity. Fire-stick farming had the long-term effect of turning dry forest into savannah, increasing the population of some nonspecific grass-eating species like the kangaroo.

Current use
While it has been discontinued in many parts of Australia, it has been reintroduced to some Aboriginal groups by the teachings of custodians from areas where the practice is extant in continuous unbroken tradition, such as the Noongar peoples' cold fire.

Cultural burnings were reintroduced in parts of Australia during the early twenty-first century, and some Australian states now integrate them with other fire-prevention strategies. State investment in Indigenous fire planning strategies has been most widespread in northern Australia. In 2019 the Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research at Charles Darwin University released data suggesting that the reintroduction of traditional burning on a large scale had significantly reduced the area of land destroyed by wildfires.

2019–2020 bushfires
The 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season led to increasing calls by some experts for the greater use of fire-stick farming. Traditional practitioners had already worked with some fire agencies to conduct burns on a small scale, with the uptake of workshops held by the Firesticks Alliance Indigenous Corporation increasing each year. Farmers and other landowners were interested in learning how traditional fire practices could help them to preserve their properties. Former Emergency Management Commissioner for the state of Victoria, Craig Lapsley, called on the Federal Government to fund and implement a national Indigenous burning program. Firesticks Alliance spokesperson Oliver Costello said that a cultural burn could help to prevent wildfires, rejuvenate local flora and protect native animal habitat.

In the final report of the 2020 Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements, the Commission found that "The weight of research into the effects of fuel reduction on the propagation of extreme bushfires indicates that as conditions deteriorate, fuel reduction is of diminishing effectiveness". It distinguished between ordinary and extreme bushfires, saying that fuel reduction could be used to reduce risk: "Reducing available fuels in the landscape can also slow the initial rate of fire spread and fire intensity, which can provide opportunities for fire suppression and thereby reduce the risk of fires escalating into extreme fire events."

2021 Adelaide park lands cultural burn
On 14 May 2021, a scheduled cultural burn took place in the Adelaide park lands by representatives of the Kaurna people, in a highly symbolic moment after years of preparation to restore the ancient practice. The project, called Kaurna Kardla Parranthi, was undertaken with the support of the City of Adelaide. The burn was part of the ecological management plan for a key area of biodiversity in Carriageway Park / Tuthangga (Park 17).

Examples
A series of aerial photographs taken around 1947 reveal that the Karajarri people practised fire-stick farming in the Great Sandy Desert of Western Australia for thousands of years, until they left the desert in the 1950s and 1960s. When fires swept the desert in the decades following their departure, they caused widespread destruction, "losing 36 to 50 per cent of 24,000 km2 of desert to just a couple of fires every year". Since the establishment of native title over the area and the proclamation as an Indigenous Protected Area in 2014, Karajarri rangers have reintroduced the practice of burning. Traditional owners and scientists are studying the flora and fauna in the area to see how the fires affect individual species. While some species prefer more recently burnt vegetation, others favour areas burnt longer ago, so it is important to have a diversity of different fire ages, to encourage biodiversity.

title: Fire-stick farming


text: User:JoshuaTree

title: User:JoshuaTree


text:
Fareed Haque

Fareed Haque is an American jazz guitarist, based in Chicago, Illinois.

Education
Haque was born in Chicago in 1963. His father was from Pakistan, his mother was from Chile. When he was a child, Haque traveled with his parents all over the world, spending time in Spain, France, and Iran, in addition to Pakistan and Chile. In 1981 he was given a guitar scholarship from North Texas State University, where he studied jazz guitar. He left after a year and studied classical guitar at Northwestern University. At Northwestern, he joined Howard Levy's jazz fusion group Chevere. Levy introduced him to Cuban saxophonist Paquito D'Rivera, who became a lifelong friend and mentor.

Early albums
In the late 1980s, Rivera introduced Haque to Sting, who had recently founded the record label Pangaea. Haque recorded two albums for Pangaea, Voices Rising and Manresa, and toured with Sting. He recorded Majestad, an unreleased album for Warner Bros. Records which included John Patitucci, Lenny Castro, Russell Ferrante, Michael Landau, and Carlos Vega. Then he signed with Blue Note Records, made the solo albums Sacred Addiction, Opaque, and Deja Vu, and recorded three albums with Javon Jackson. He also played with Joey Calderazzo, Joe Henderson, Bob James, Herbie Mann, and Cassandra Wilson.

Diverse groups
At Northwestern, Haque was a member of Chevere, a Latin fusion group, and on their album Reunion he played with Cuban trumpeter Arturo Sandoval, Panamanian pianist Danilo Pérez, and Puerto Rican percussionist Giovanni Hidalgo. He joined the jazz fusion group Zawinul Syndicate after he was introduced to Joe Zawinul by Bob Belden, a producer at Blue Note Records. The Syndicate included Armenian vocalist Arto Tunçboyacıyan, drummer Paco Sery from the Ivory Coast, and American bassist Matt Garrison. He was a member of the Indian fusion band Summit, led by saxophonist George Brooks and including Indian tabla player Zakir Hussain.

In 2001 Haque founded Garaj Mahal, a jam band that played a combination of jazz, rock, and funk that evolved from the members' diverse musical backgrounds. The band included German bassist Kai Eckhardt. Garaj Mahal toured the U.S. for ten years, releasing several albums. In 2007 it won an Independent Music Award. Two years later Haque was named best world guitarist by Guitar Player.

While recording for Garaj Mahal, Haque discovered the Moog Guitar and electronic music and formed the band MathGames. He started The Flat Earth Ensemble as an exploration of his Indian roots. Because of his parents' heritage, he grew up hearing music from India and Pakistan. He also cites as an influence the band Shakti, led by John McLaughlin, and their album Natural Elements (1977).

Haque recorded with Goran Ivanovic, whose music is sometimes called Balkan jazz. Ivanovic was born in the former Yugoslavia to a Serbian father and Croatian mother, though, like Haque, he is based in Chicago. Haque and Ivanovic played classical guitar on their duets, Macedonian Blues (2003) and Seven Boats (2004).

From 2019 through 2021 and beyond, Fareed Haque and oud player Wanees Zarour restarted the Chicago Immigrant Orchestra, with the encouragement and financial support of the Chicago World Music Festival and the Old Town School of Folk Music. (The orchestra's original incarnation ran from 1999 to 2004, led by Willy Schwartz.) Haque and Zarour recruited other local musicians to join them, and Haque also serves as concertmaster.

Classical music
Haque wrote the "Lahara Double Concerto" for guitar, sitar, and tabla. He performed it in 2004 with the Chicago Sinfonietta and tabla musician Ustad Zakir Hussain. He composed the "Gamelan Concerto" as a commissioned classical guitar piece for Chicago's Fulcrum Point New Music Project. With the Chicago Philharmonic he gave a concert in which he performed guitar concertos by Heitor Villa-Lobos and Aranjuez.

From 1988 to 2019, Haque was a professor of jazz and classical guitar at Northern Illinois University. He also gives interactive guitar lessons over the internet.

Discography

 * Voices Rising (Pangaea, 1988)
 * Manresa (Pangaea, 1989)
 * Sacred Addiction (Blue Note, 1993)
 * Opaque (Blue Note, 1995)
 * Déjà Vu (Blue Note, 1997)
 * Macedonian Blues with Goran Ivanovic (Proteus, 2001)
 * Seven Boats: Music for Two Guitars (Proteus, 2004)
 * Plays Classical Guitar (Wahdude Music, 2004)
 * Cosmic Hug (Magnitude, 2005)
 * Flat Planet (Owl, 2008)
 * Trance Hypothesis (Delmark, 2013)
 * Out of Nowhere with Billy Hart and George Mraz (Charleston Square, 2013)
 * New Latin American Music for Guitar and String Quartet with Kaia String Quartet (Delmark, 2018)
 * IndoBalkan with Goran Ivanovic (Delmark, 2020)
 * Return to the Joyous Lake (Wahdude Music, 2022)

title: Fareed Haque


text:
A Time to Die

A time to die is a phrase from Chapter 3 of the Book of Ecclesiastes in the Bible.

A Time to Die or Time to Die may also refer to:

Film and television

 * A Time to Die (1982 film), a 1982 film by Matt Cimber
 * Time to Die (1985 film), a 1985 Colombian film
 * A Time to Die, a 1991 film starring Traci Lords
 * Time to Die, a 2007 film by Dorota Kędzierzawska
 * "A Time to Die", an episode of Tales of the Unexpected

Literature

 * A Time to Die: The Attica Prison Revolt, a 1975 book by Tom Wicker
 * A Time to Die (Smith novel), a 1989 novel by Wilbur Smith
 * A Time to Die, a 2002 account of the 2000 Kursk submarine disaster by Robert Moore
 * A Time to Die (Star Trek), a 2004 Star Trek: The Next Generation novel by John Vornholt
 * A Time to Die, a 2016 novel by Tom Wood

Music

 * Time to Die (The Dodos album), 2009
 * Time to Die (Electric Wizard album), 2014
 * Time to Die (Christine Ott album), 2021
 * "Time to Die", a song by Gary Numan from Strange Charm, 1986
 * "Time to Die", a song by Dungeon from Demolition, 1996

Video games

 * Time to Die, another name for the 1985 computer game Borrowed Time

title: A Time to Die


text:
Philip Yordan

Philip Yordan (April 1, 1914 – March 24, 2003) was an American screenwriter, film producer, novelist and playwright. He was a three-time Academy Award nominee, winning Best Story for Broken Lance (1951).

During the 1950s and 1960s, Yordan acted as a front for blacklisted writers although his use of surrogate screenwriters predates the McCarthy era. His actual contributions to the scripts he is credited with writing is controversial  and he was known to some as a credit-grabber.

Early life and education
Philip Yordan was born to Polish Jewish immigrants on April 1, 1914 in Chicago. From a young age he had taken an interest in writing. As a teenager, he ran a mail-order beauty supply business out of the family basement. Yordan was an avid fan of detective stories; he contemplated a career as a writer. After graduating from high school, he acted at the Goodman Theatre, before earning degrees from both University of Illinois and Chicago-Kent College of Law.

A common anecdote in Hollywood was that he hired someone else to go through law school for him using his name to get the degree without having to do any of the work, however Yordan himself denied it.

Theatre
He became dissatisfied with a legal career. He started working at the Goodman Theatre as an actor and began writing stories. He decided to pursue writing, eventually becoming a playwright. He said "I enjoyed reading, and thought that I would write because I hated the idea of a job, of having to go down to an office. The magazine Esquire rejected some short stories with the comment, ''"Your prose is stilted, but your dialogue is excellent. Why don't you try writing plays?"''

William Dieterle
His first play, Any Day Now, a comedy about a family of Polish Americans was staged at a small off-Broadway theatre in 1941. Director William Dieterle saw the play and invited Yordan to Hollywood to work on a project Dieterle was making about the history of jazz.

In Los Angeles Yordan did some uncredited writing on The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941), directed by Dieterle, and then was credited as co writer on the jazz project, Syncopation (1942), directed by Dieterle at RKO.

He also worked briefly at Columbia Pictures as a staff writer.

King Brothers
Yordan wrote a script for the King Brothers, Dillinger, which was too expensive to produce. They suggested he write something less expensive. He came up with a melodrama, The Unknown Guest (1943).

The Kings liked his work and hired Yordan to write Johnny Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1944) and When Strangers Marry (1944), although Dennis Cooper wrote the first draft which Yordan then rewrote. They all did well enough for Yordan to be able to make Dillinger (1945). Reportedly, he wrote the script with William Castle and Robert Tasker, neither of whom received any credit. The screenplay earned Yordan an Oscar nomination, a first for Monogram Pictures.

Yordan wrote Woman Who Came Back (1945) for Republic Pictures and Whistle Stop (1946) for producer Seymour Nebenzal starring Ava Gardner. Yordan was an associate producer on the latter. He did uncredited work on Why Girls Leave Home (1945).

The King Brothers used him again for Suspense (1946) then he wrote The Chase (1946) for Nebenzal.

In 1948 he sold his script Joe MacBeth to Nasser Studios. (It would be made years later.)

The Kings got him to do a Western, Bad Men of Tombstone (1949).

According to Patrick McGilligan Yordan thrived in Hollywood. It was the perfect jungle for expression of his genius at supplying the demand. In short order, he became known among producers as a bravura "spitballer," that is, one who can talk a good script (and one has only to meet Yordan to appreciate how spellbinding is his vernacular). He became a much-sought-after script doctor and coarse dialogue specialist, often arriving at the 11th hour to contribute the famed lightning-quick "Yordan touch." A lot of his work went uncredited.

Anna Lucasta
Yordan had written a play based on Eugene O'Neill's Anna Christie, adapted to be about a Polish American family and titled Anna Lucasta. Later he found out that Abram Hill had rewritten the same play for the American Negro Theater in New York. The lighter, more comedic production had received critical accolades. Yordan received financial backing and signed an agreement with Hill and producer John Wildberg. Anna Lucasta was revised with a gala opening at the Mansfield Theatre on August 30, 1944. It was a tremendous success, running for a record 957 performances and leading to two film adaptations.

Yordan had hired several writers to rewrite Anna Lucasta before the play premiered on Broadway. In 1947, Lee Richardson, Antoinette Perry and Brock Pemberton sued Yordan for not paying them. The American Negro Theater was contracted to receive five percent of all production rights and two percent of the subsidiary rights for Anna Lucasta if the play went on the road with a different cast, however they received considerably less than that for the Broadway show and none at all for the tour or any of the films. When Anna Lucasta went to Broadway, the new production retained only a few of the ANT actors.

The first film adaption in 1949 was produced by Yordan with a Polish American family like in his original version. The other, made in 1958 had an all-black cast like the American Negro Theater production, and starred Eartha Kitt, Sammy Davis Jr., and Henry Scott. Only Yordan retained a writing credit for both films.

Major studios
In 1946 Yordan's play Windy City was staged in Chicago. However, after that he focused on movie work.

Yordan's first credit for a major studio was House of Strangers (1949) which he adapted from a Jerome Weidman novel for Fox. Yordan had been fired by producer Sol C. Siegel after an incomplete first draft which Siegel felt wasn't working. Yordan's unfinished script was rewritten by director Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who replaced Yordan's dialogue with his own. He directed the film using his own revised screenplay. When the Screen Writers Guild decided that it should be listed as a shared credit, Mankiewicz angrily refused to split and Yordan was awarded sole credit.

In 1955, he won an Academy Award for Broken Lance. It was a remake of 1949's House of Strangers, and he did not write single word. He won his Oscar for Best Original Story for material in the story files that had formed the basis for House of Strangers, salvaged, provided a Western context, and refurbished by producer-writer Michael Blankfort.

Security Pictures
In 1948 Yordan formed a company with actor Bob Cummings and Eugene Frenke called United California Productions who made Let's Live a Little.

Yordan formed his own company, Security Pictures.

In 1949, he announced he would write and produce The Big Blonde based on a story by Dorothy Parker. Irving Lerner was going to direct. It was not made – the rights to the story went to Mark Robson's company.

For Walter Wanger he did The Black Book (1949). He did some uncredited work on Panic in the Streets (1950) and No Way Out (1950), both for Fox.

He wrote Edge of Doom (1950) for Sam Goldwyn, based on a story by Goldwyn.

The King Brothers used him for a Western, Drums in the Deep South (1951), and a South Sea film, Mutiny (1952). He did Detective Story (1951) for William Wyler at Paramount and provided the story for Mara Maru (1952) at Warners. Detective Story earned Yordan an Oscar nomination.

Yordan adapted Houdini (1953) for Paramount and Blowing Wild (1953) for Warner Bros. In 1953 he sold The Men from Earth to Milton Sperling.

Security Pictures made The Big Combo (1955), a co-production with the company of star Cornel Wilde; Yordan wrote the script and produced with Sidney Harmon. Yordan said he turned down an offer of $75,000 for the script in order to produce.

Yordan wrote The Man from Laramie (1955) for James Stewart and director Anthony Mann, the last film Stewart and Mann made together.

Yordan wrote Conquest of Space (1955) for Haskin. He worked on the script for Joe MacBeth (1955), and did another for Mann, The Last Frontier (1955).

Yordan produced and adapted Budd Schulberg's novel The Harder They Fall (1956), which was directed by Mark Robson.

In February 1955 Jerry Wald of Columbia announced they would make a film based on the Krakatoa explosion written by Yordan, under Yordan's new contract with Columbia. The film would not be made until over a decade later.

For Security Pictures he produced The Wild Party (1956) and wrote Four Boys and a Gun (1957).

He and Harmon bought Man on Spikes but it was not made.

In 1956 he was reportedly working on a script for Mario Lanza and Anthony Mann that was not made. He provided the story for Street of Sinners (1957) for Security.

Yordan was a writer-producer for The Harder They Fall (1956) directed by Mark Robson.

In January 1957 he sold a story Diamond in the Rough to Jerry Wald.

Yordan wrote No Down Payment (1957) for Martin Ritt at Fox, and Island Women (1957) at Security.

At Fox he wrote the Westerns The Bravados (1958) and The Fiend Who Walked the West (1958) (a remake of Kiss of Death).

Yordan adapted Little Man Big World by W. R. Burnett for Robert Ryan to star for Security, but the film was not made.

In 1957 Security and Milton Sperling purchased the King Studios.

He wrote and produced Day of the Outlaw (1959) at Security and wrote The Bramble Bush (1960) for Warners. Security optioned The Tribe That Lost Its Head but it was not made.

In 1959 Yordan and Harmon announced they would make four films for Columbia. They were going to start with a World War II story, Kingdom of Man.

Yordan produced the TV series Assignment: Underwater (1960–61). He also made some uncredited contributions to the script of The Time Machine (1960).

Front for blacklistees
Yordan struck a deal with screenwriter Ben Maddow who was having difficulty getting work because of the left-wing associations. They were to split the money down the middle, with Yordan assuming sole credit. Maddow wrote Man Crazy which Yordan and Sidney Harmon produced for Security Pictures  and The Naked Jungle which was directed by Byron Haskin at Paramount.

Maddow would go to write several scripts for him including Men in War (1957) and possibly God's Little Acre (1958) as well as Yordan's only novel, Man of the West on which the 1957 film Gun Glory (1957) was based. (Yordan disputed the screenwriter' contribution to God's Little Acre. )

Although he also spoke well of Yordan, in an interview Maddow once remembered his anger and astonishment at passing through England and discovering a Penguin edition of Man of the West for which he had not been compensated.

Yordan received sole credit for Johnny Guitar (1954) for Republic Pictures, which became a major cult film, although it is unclear how much Yordan actually contributed to the final script. Ben Maddow claimed to have written the entire Johnny Guitar screenplay, but recanted after seeing the picture years later. Roy Chanslor, the author of the original novel and a prolific screenwriter himself, also wrote a screenplay draft.

In 1960, he wrote and produced Studs Lonigan (1960), although blacklisted writers Arnaud D'Usseau and Bernard Gordon did much of the actual writing. In February 1960, Yordan was announced as screenwriter for Bryna Productions' spectacle film Montezuma, though Dalton Trumbo, who had worked on several scripts for the independent film company, was later revealed as the actual writer.

Contract violations
In the late 1950s, Yordan got two scripts mixed up and delivered a Fox script to producer Milton Sperling at Warner Bros., dropping the Warners script off to Darryl F. Zanuck at Fox. As the writer was under contract to Fox, Zanuck threatened to blackball Yordan at all the major studios.

In 1959 Sperling fired Yordan when the screenwriter delivered his script for The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond (1960). Yordan's secretary claimed that she had written it. Confronted by Sperling, Yordan argued that she had taken down his words and been given a bonus for her work however he had admitted enough to warrant his dismissal from the project Sperling then hired a new writer. Yordan then did uncredited writing on Murder by Contract and The Lost Missile.

Columbia studio head Sam Briskin hired Yordan, provided he keep an office on the lot and that his authorship of any scripts would be guaranteed. However, Yordan allegedly continued to shuttle scripts around town and rarely appeared at Columbia. Caught violating the terms of his contract, Yordan was forced to return the $25,000 he had already been paid. He was barred from Columbia, as well as nearly every other studio in Hollywood.

Samuel Bronston
Unable to work in Hollywood, Yordan found opportunity in Spain with independent producer Samuel L. Bronston. Yordan's association with Bronston began when he worked on the $10 million epic King of Kings (1961), directed by Nicholas Ray. Bronston engaged him to fix the script for the film and Yordan then hired Ray Bradbury to write the voice-over narration, used an anonymous Italian writer for the script. He retained sole writing credit on the finished film.

Yordan stayed with Bronston to write El Cid (1961) for Mann, although it is more likely the actual scripting was done by blacklistees Ben Barzman and Bernard Gordon. Yordan was also announced as writing a script for Bronston about the building of the Eiffel Tower.

Yordan was credited on The Day of the Triffids (1963) but he was a "front" for Bernard Gordon. He continued to work regularly for Bronston: 55 Days at Peking (1963), directed by Ray and Guy Green, with Yordan producing, contributing ideas and being a script front for Gordon; The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964), directed by Mann; and Circus World (1964), directed by Henry Hathaway (mostly written by Gordon).

Both 55 Days at Peking and The Fall of the Roman Empire were box-offices failures and Bronston declared bankruptcy. In addition to the production company's immense production costs and expense accounts, Yordan and producer Michael Waszynski were reportedly diverting large sums for their own purposes.

Security Pictures in Spain
In 1963 Security Pictures announced they would make ten films for Allied Artists over two and a half years, including The Tribe That Lost Its Head; Gretta, based on a book by Erskine Caldwell; a Western called Bad Man's River; and a science fiction film Crack in the World. Many of these were not made.

For Security Pictures, Yordan produced The Thin Red Line (1964) and Crack in the World (1965).

Return to Hollywood
Security combined with Cinerama to make Battle of the Bulge (1965), which he produced; Custer of the West (1967) and Krakatoa: East of Java  (1968) which he produced. Gordon recalled collaborating on the first draft of the Bulge script with Yordan, a first during their lengthy association Gordon and Julian Zimet wrote Custer of the West

Security went on to make The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1969), which Yordan wrote and produced. He wrote and produced Captain Apache (1971) with Sperling, and wrote Bad Man's River (1971).

He made uncredited script contributions to Horror Express (1973), The Mad Bomber (1973), Psychomania (1974) and Pancho Villa (1974).

Final films
Yordan's later credits include Brigham (1977) (which he co-produced), Cataclysm (1980), Savage Journey (1983) (which he co produced), The Dark Side to Love (1984), Night Train to Terror (1985), Cry Wilderness (1987) (also co produced), Bloody Wednesday (1987) (which he co produced), and The Unholy (1988).

His final scripts included Marilyn Alive and Behind Bars (1992), Dead Girls Don't Tango (1992) and Too Bad About Jack (1994).

Accolades

 * Nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing, Screenplay for Detective Story (1951), and for Best Writing, Original Screenplay for Dillinger (1945).
 * Won an Academy Award for Best Writing, Motion Picture Story for Broken Lance (1954), a remake, reset in the West, of the House of Strangers, which was credited solely to Yordan but written in large part by the film's director Joseph L. Mankiewicz who refused to share a co-writing credit.
 * Won a 1952 Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, for Detective Story (along with credited cowriter Robert Wyler, and Sidney Kingsley, the author of the original stage play).

Personal life
He was married four times. He was married to actress-turned-casting director Marilyn Nash from 1946 to 1952, and to actress Faith Clift from 1964 to 2003.

Political views
Yordan was self-described as 'apolitical'. He claims to never have read a newspaper till he was 50 and his use of Hollywood blacklistees was believed to be not out of political commitment but because "he got the better people cheaper".

He reportedly once told screenwriter Bernard Gordon that "It's Jews like you who ruined the motion picture industry with this anti-hero shit."

However Yordan also claimed "In all my pictures there is the theme of the loneliness of the common man. But he has an inner resource that allows him to survive in society. He doesn't cry, he doesn't beg, he doesn't ask favours. He lives and dies in dignity."

Death
Yordan died in La Jolla, California on March 24, 2003, at the age of 88. Upon his death he was survived by his fourth wife, five children, and two grandchildren.

Appraisal
Producer Milton Sperling later said "Don’t let anyone tell you he couldn’t write. He could write exceedingly well. . . . He had a kind of Jungian memory of film, a kind of collective unconscious, a memory bank that would work for him in any given situation. He could have been one of the best writers. He had ability, no question about it. But his greed overcame his creative talent."

Bernard Fordon said "He wasn't a great writer. But he knew how to put the kind of showmanship material into films that made them financially successful and popular."

Eddie Muller wrote "What made Yordan's scripts distinctive was his sometimes subtle, sometimes subversive, way of twisting genre conventions to keep things lively and unpredictable. His screenplays for 'The Chase,' 'Johnny Guitar' and 'The Big Combo' are quirky to the point of outrageousness. If the premise was slight, you could trust Yordan to goose it with plenty of 'business'."

title: Philip Yordan


text:
Talk:Tobias Fornier

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion (which appeared to have been in bad-faith). The discussion may be found here. -Splash 01:20, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tobias Fornier


text:
Iroquois (disambiguation)

Iroquois are an indigenous people of North America.

Iroquois may also refer to:

Iroquois people

 * Iroquois kinship, a system of familial comprehension that originated with the Iroquois tribes
 * Iroquoian languages
 * Seven Nations of Canada, another confederation that was referred to as 'the Iroquois Confederacy', unrelated to the popular Iroquois Confederacy

Antarctica

 * Iroquois Plateau

Canada

 * Iroquois, Ontario
 * Iroquois Falls, Ontario

United States

 * Iroquois, Illinois
 * Iroquois County, Illinois
 * Iroquois, Louisville, Kentucky
 * Iroquois, South Dakota
 * Iroquois, West Virginia
 * Iroquois Township (disambiguation)

Geology

 * Glacial Lake Iroquois, a prehistoric, proglacial lake in present-day Ontario and New York State

Military

 * UH-1 Iroquois, United States Army utility helicopter nicknamed the "Huey"
 * HMCS Iroquois, the name of two Canadian warships
 * Orenda Iroquois, a turbojet engine for military use developed by Orenda Aerospace

Other

 * Iroquois Central School District, a public school district in New York State
 * Iroquois (di Suvero), an outdoor sculpture in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
 * Iroquois (horse) (1878–1899), first American-bred to win the Epsom Derby
 * Iroquois Pliskin, also known as Solid Snake, from the Metal Gear series of video games
 * Iroquois Theater Fire in Chicago, 1903
 * Iroquois River (disambiguation), including Rivière des Iroquois
 * SS Iroquois and USS Iroquois, several ships

title: Iroquois (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Ulrich Wehling

Untitled
The list of Wehling's competitive victories was adapted from a machine translation. Please fix any mistranslated titles. --Joel7687 01:20, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070224190249/http://www.skiforeningen.no/holmenkollen/holmenkollen_historikk to http://www.skiforeningen.no/holmenkollen/holmenkollen_historikk

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title: Talk:Ulrich Wehling


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phuk

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Conti|✉ 03:42, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Phuk
hoax with zero (0) relevant Google hits ➥the Epopt 01:21, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Ken 01:23, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Hoax. --PrologFan 01:27, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Should have been speedied as nonsense. -- Mwanner 01:39, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax. -mysekurity 01:42, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete with no source cited. I asked for backup from the author, who had time to vandalize the VfD tag, but no opportunity to back up the information in the article.  Joyous  (talk) 01:57, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, unverifiable, nonsense. -- M P er el ( talk 02:39, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. DarthVader 02:48, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. Seeaxid 04:13, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax unles proven other way. Poli (talk • contribs) 08:32, 2005 July 11 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense --Blu Aardvark 08:33, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete hoax. JamesBurns 09:08, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * #Redirect to [[Fuck]]. —  F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  09:31, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per ➥the Epopt -Harmil 12:27, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax. royblumy 00:21, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete Let's get this outa there.--GrandCru 17:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ElleBigelow 05:21, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phuk


text:
Prague 2

Prague 2, formally the Prague 2 Municipal District (Městská čast Praha 2), is a second-tier municipality in Prague. It is co-extensive with the national administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name.

As of the end of 2004, 48,918 people lived in 34,689 homes in the district. At 4.19 km2 (1,035 acres), Prague 2 is the smallest administrative district in the country.

The district includes all of Vyšehrad and parts of Vinohrady, New Town and Nusle. The district has remained intact since its creation in 1960.

Vyšehrad
Vyšehrad contains the Czech national cemetery and the ruins of a medieval fortress. It is considered the area of the historic establishment of the Czech rulers.

Vinohrady
The historical center of Vinohrady also falls under the jurisdiction of Prague 2. Important sights include Riegrovy sady, one of the most famous Prague parks. The grand central plaza of Vinohrady is Náměstí Míru with the Vinohrady Theatre, the National House of Vinohrady and the main Prague 2 municipal building.

Nové Město (New Town)
New Town is less a residential but a business area and known for the I.P. Pavlova station (locally known as "Pavlák") which connects Karlovo náměstí – and thus also New Town – with Náměstí Míru in Vinohrady. Tramlines cross here with Metro line C, as well as night buses and the main road bringing cars from the D1 highway directly to the centre and through to Holešovice in the north of the city. Important sites include Charles Square, the biggest square in Prague and also among the biggest squares in Europe - with the New City Hall / Gothic town hall, Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, the Botanical Gardens and several Charles University buildings in Albertov, as well as the Baroque Villa America.

title: Prague 2


text:
User talk:RyanSaotome

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes ( Redwolf24 01:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC) ) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes ( Redwolf24 ) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Userpage
The article you created Ryan Saotome has been moved to your userpage after this VFD debate. If you do not wish to have this article as your userpage, you may request its deletion by attaching a -tag. Yours, Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:10, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:RyanSaotome


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wenlin Software for learning Chinese

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus, therefore keep. --Conti|✉ 03:44, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Wenlin Software for learning Chinese
This page is an ad for a particular piece of software from a particular company. It is not an encylopedic article. There are many other programs, including freeware and open source, which have a dictionary function etc. Mccready 01:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, nn ad vanity. -mysekurity 01:42, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A stub constituting only an ad, therefore falls under Votes_for_deletion/Precedents. -- M P er el ( talk 02:50, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * keep, this is not a simple Chinese-English dictionary, it collects a lot of referencial etymological infos about Chinese characters (from Wieger, Karlgren, etc) and is used by many sinologists and in many universities around the world. Moreover, if I look in some categories of softwares, I could find things like Konnect or Tlen that aren't being VfDed... gbog 05:22, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I think if it was expanded a bit, and included more than just basic advertisement, I would change my vote. -- M P er el ( talk 06:04, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 09:08, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Mysekurity. Weak keep after rewrite and assurances of those in better position than me to know that the product is notable (although I still would have liked more specific proof of that).  Dcarrano 03:07, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak delete if not rewritten. I'm happy to believe that it is a major product, and an NPOV version would be a keep.  It's not horrid advertising now, so a little cleaning would swing my vote. Geogre 15:35, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is a well known integrated learning system for the Chinese language.  There is a review of the package, paying attention to its weaknesses as well as its strong points, here at csu.edu. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:38, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have copy edited, adding more information about the software, and a link to the review. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:58, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect and Merge, to a new article with just the company name, as opposed to a page for its product. --Eliezer 11:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The "Wenlin Institute" shows about 850 google hits. --Eliezer 11:21, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. As a technical matter, "redirect and merge to a new article" is best executed as a page move.  Just move to the new name and then edit content accordingly. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 15:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. Radiant_ >|< 13:36, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable product.  Un focused 15:31, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. I'm not familiar with vfd policies and didn't find and guideline stating if I'm allowed or not to call some users I know who may vote "keep" (some people that I met while editing Chinese philo related articles). I may explain also why I feel this article on Wenlin is usefull, notably for some other articles : explaining Chinese "concepts" in English is not simple, (typically for "things" like Tao) an usefull way to do it is to give some "etymology" of the Chinese character (even if it is sometimes useless). It give a main line and/or a start. Etymology in Chinese is often very "unprofessionnal" as everyone can see "little pictures" is characters. However, there are some serious and usefull works made on every Chinese characters internal composition and history, those of Wieger and Karlgren for instance. Wenlin is one of them (or, more accuratly, is collecting them). Then, my claim is that this article on Wenlin is valuable for attributing an explanation of a Chinese character. I heard that a major trend in wikipedia now is cite sources, and this helps a lot. BTW, I'm only a user of Wenlin, I don't work for them ! gbog 02:34, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Bushka--GrandCru 17:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This may be a borderline advertisement, but it does seem more explanatory than promotional. ElleBigelow 05:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment It seems the author might help by spending some time giving us the history of the product and how it is fits into the history of translation. ElleBigelow 05:27, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's not written in form of an ad. And I have heard of Chinese learners using this program before. --Menchi 02:50, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Johann Baptist Alzog

Johann Baptist Alzog (8 June 1808 – 1 March 1878) was a German theologian and Catholic church historian.

He was born at Ohlau, in Silesia. He studied at the universities of Breslau and Bonn and was ordained a priest at Cologne in 1834.

In the following year he accepted the chairs of exegesis and church history at the seminary of Posen. He defended with ardour the Archbishop of that city, Martin von Dunin, during his persecution by the Prussian government, became vicar-capitular, professor and regens at Hildesheim in 1845, and in 1853 was appointed to the chair of church history at the University of Freiburg (Breisgau); at the same time he was appointed an ecclesiastical councillor (geistlicher Rat). He held that post until his death at Freiburg.

Together with Ignaz von Döllinger, Alzog was instrumental in convoking the famous Munich assembly of Catholic scholars in 1863. He also took part, with Bishop Hefele and Bishop Haseberg, in the preparatory work of the First Vatican Council and voted in favor of the doctrine of Papal infallibility but against the opportuneness of its promulgation.

Works
Alzog's fame rests mainly on his Handbuch der Universal-Kirchengeschichte (Mainz, 1841, often reprinted under various titles; English translation by Pabisch and Byrne, Manual of universal church history; 4 volumes, 1900). Based upon the foundations laid by Johann Adam Möhler, this manual was generally accepted as the best exposition of Catholic views, in opposition to the Protestant manual by C. A. Hase, and was translated into several languages.

His Patrology went through four editions (1866–84), and his edition of the Oratio Apologetica of St. Gregory of Nazianzus reached a second edition. He was also a frequent contributor to various periodicals. Besides a host of minor writings on ecclesiastical subjects, and an active collaboration in the great Kirchenlexicon of Wetzer and Welte, Alzog was also the author of Grundriss der Patrologie (Freiburg, 1866, 4th ed. 1888), a scholarly work; though now superseded. He also wrote (1857) a Latin treatise on the relation of Greek and Latin studies to Christian theology, and the valuable work: Die deutschen Plenarien im 15 und zu Anfang des 16 Jahrhunderts (Freiburg, 1874).

title: Johann Baptist Alzog


text:
George Averoff

George M. Averoff (15 August 1815 – 15 July 1899), alternately Jorgos Averof or Georgios Averof (in Greek: Γεώργιος Αβέρωφ), was a Greek businessman and philanthropist. He is one of the great national benefactors of Greece. Born in the town of Metsovo (Epirus, Greece, then Ottoman Empire), Averoff moved to Alexandria while still young. He was known through most of his life for founding numerous schools in both Egypt and Greece.

Biography
George Averoff was born in Metsovo in Northern Greece, into an Aromanian family. He moved to Cairo, Egypt, in 1837 to work in a shop run by his brother, Anastasios. Thanks to his bold tactics and business activities, he became the biggest merchant in Egypt. At the same time he participated in banking and real estate (buying and leasing land) while, thanks to his many riverboats travelling up and down the Nile, he managed to dominate Egypt's domestic and foreign trade.

The Greek historian Antonios Chaldeos, who has written his PhD thesis about the history of the Greeks in Sudan, says that beyond Egypt, Averoff exported Arabic gum and ivory from southern Sudan. According to the diary of Nicholas Papadam, which is part of the Sudanese archives, in 1872 George Averoff toured in all commercial centers flourished at that time (Khartoum, Sennar, Gedareff, Kasala, etc.) in order to make an investment. Finally, he chose an area in Omdurman which became the trade station of the ships that cross Nile, transferring goods from Egypt to Sudan and vice versa. However, Omdurman residents' local histories in Sudan suggest that Averoff was heavily involved in slave-trade there. In fact, the Omdurman quarter of "Abu Ruf", where historically the slave-market was situated, is still today named after him.

His business activities resulted his accumulating vast wealth, which he used to donate to charity and common good purposes. His charity work included significant donations for the development of educational and other infrastructure projects for the Greek communities of Alexandria, Metsovo, Athens and for the Greek state in general. Among them, the most notable ones were the founding of the School of Agriculture in Larisa, the construction of the Evelpidon Military Academy, the donation to the Athens Conservatory, the donation for the refurbishment of the Panathenian Stadium (raised by another two Aromanian benefactors), where the first modern Olympic Games were held, the completion of the National Technical University of Athens and the donation for building of the namesake flagship of the Greek Navy.

The restoration of the Panathenian Stadium for the 1896 Summer Olympics was done at the request of Crown Prince Constantine. The stadium was refurbished in 1895, its second refurbishment in the 19th century, using white marble from Mount Penteli pursuant to Averoff's request. The cost was initially estimated at 585,000 drachmas but eventually reached 920,000 drachmas. Averoff also served as a member of the reception committee for the foreign competitors at the Games.

Averoff died in Alexandria in 1899. In gratitude for his generous donations and services, the Greek state declared him a Major National Benefactor and commissioned a marble statue of him which was placed in front of the Panathenian Stadium. It remains there today. On 12 March 1910, the armoured cruiser flagship of the Hellenic Navy, Georgios Averof, was named in his honour, thanks to a bequest of 300,000 GBP (2,500,000 Gold francs) left to the navy by the terms of his Will & Testament.

title: George Averoff


text:
User talk:Vile Requiem

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes ( Redwolf24 01:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC) ) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes ( Redwolf24 ) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

 * Thanks! I was wondering when someone was going to get around to it. :P --Vile Requiem 01:30, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vile Requiem


text:
Talk:San Gregorio State Beach

Votes for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 01:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Fukushima Nuclear Reactor exactly opposite
The Fukushima I nuclear accidents site is just across (the Pacific Ocean, at the EXACT same latitude) from San Gregono State Beach! Jidanni (talk) 13:20, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:San Gregorio State Beach