text:
Leyla Milani

Leyla Milani Khoshbin (born April 2, 1982) is a Canadian-American model, tv host and retired actress. Milani was born in Iran and moved to Toronto when she was 4 years old. She led a successful career before meeting her husband Manuchehr (Manny) Khoshbin, Iranian entrepreneur, real estate investor and author.

Leyla has appeared in the 2005 WWE Diva Search, Deal or No Deal, Sleeper Cell, Las Vegas, Rules of Engagement, Attack of the Show!, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Entourage, Stacked, Desire, Wanted, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Extra, and the 2006 Lingerie Bowl. She has also appeared in the films Wrestlemaniac, Dr. Chopper. Maxim magazine features Milani and her fellow Deal or No Deal briefcase models in their online Girls of Maxim gallery.

Professional wrestling career
Milani was a contestant in the 2005 WWE Diva Search, finishing second out of 8,000 contestants worldwide. Following that, she made an appearance at Pro Wrestling Guerrilla After School Special. After appearing in the WWE Diva Search, she began using the stage name Leyla Milani.

She later appeared on one of the USA Network's WWE Raw Fan Nation commercials, which are a series of commercials advertising WWE Raw, featuring people ranging from a stockbroker to Snoop Dogg.

Milani is the former co-host of Jimmy Hart's all-women wrestling show, Wrestlicious TakeDown which debuted March 1, 2010. She was replaced by Brooke Lynn on the March 31, 2010, episode, because of scheduling conflicts.

Deal or No Deal (2005–2009)
Milani was a model on NBC's prime-time game show Deal or No Deal from 2005 to 2009. She was best known for her "lioness-like" mane, and held case #13 since the beginning of the show. Although 13 is usually considered the unluckiest of numbers, she was often referred to on the show as "Lucky Leyla" or "Lucky 13," as many times her case contained 6 digit amounts and in eight instances contained the $1,000,000 top prize. Nonetheless, NBC once opened the show noting that by holding all the large amounts and not being picked at the beginning, case #13 was very unlucky during most of the first season. On at least one occasion during the second season, case #13 contained a seven-figure prize.

Milani and her fellow Deal or No Deal models won a Game Show Network Award for "Favorite TV Models." On June 6, 2009, Milani and 4 other models accepted this award on GSN. Deal or No Deal also won The People's Choice Award two years in a row for Favorite Game Show.

She was one of a handful of models chosen to make a special appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show. Oprah picked Leyla's case (number 8 for this show). Oprah later chanted Leyla's name as her dog's name is also Leyla.

Milani made an appearance on the Style Network's show, Split Ends, and on a celebrity episode of GSN's game show Catch 21, alongside fellow DOND models Patricia Kara and Marisa Petroro. She announced on this show the launch of her own hair extension line, Milani Hair, which launched in early 2010.

Other appearances
Milani has made multiple appearances on the Fox News' conservative satire show The Half Hour News Hour, and Redeye as a celebrity looking for a charity to support. She hosted FOX Sport Net's Celebrity Golf tournament as well as Fuel TV'S motorsport show, M80. Milani made a cameo appearance on LOGO channel series Noah's Arc as a woman applying for a job. She has also appeared on MTV's True Life: I'm A TV Star, and My Fair Brady.

Milani appeared in an online comedy web series for Experian Credit alongside comedian Pauly Shore; she played a bride-to-be with bad credit. Other stars who appeared on this web series included Vivica A. Fox, Michael Madsen and Danny Glover.

She is in the independent horror film Wrestlemaniac, where she plays "Dallas", and the docu-comedy Boys & Girls Guide to Getting Down where she plays "Brittany", the "Westside Persian".

She made an appearance on an episode of NBC's Last Comic Standing and Phenomenon.

She was also a referee in the 2006 Lingerie Bowl.

Milani is featured in the December 8, 2012, TLC special titled Secrets of a Trophy Wife.

Milani Hair
In 2009, Milani founded Leyla Milani Hair, a luxury haircare company specializing in "premium, 100% human hair clip-in or (clip-on)extensions," citing Milani's own hair woes as the company's inspiration. Based in Irvine, California, the company is part of Kosh Milani Enterprises LLC. As of 2009, the company was known to have 5 employees.

title: Leyla Milani


text:
The Canine Mutiny

"The Canine Mutiny" is the twentieth episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 13, 1997. It was written by Ron Hauge and directed by Dominic Polcino. Bart fraudulently applies for a credit card and uses it to buy an expensive trained dog called Laddie. It guest stars voice actor Frank Welker as Laddie, a parody of Lassie. The episode's title references the novel The Caine Mutiny.

Plot
When Bart complains he never gets any mail, Marge gives him the family's junk mail. He completes a credit card application under the name of the family dog, Santa's Little Helper. Bart receives a credit card issued to "Santos L. Halper" after the company misreads his application. He goes on a spending spree, buying the family expensive gifts from a mail-order catalog: smoked salmon and a radio-frying pan for Marge, a golf shirt for Homer, pep pills for Lisa and several things for himself. Undeterred by its US$1,200 price, Bart orders a purebred collie. When the dog arrives, Bart learns his name is Laddie and he is trained to perform several tasks. The Simpsons fall in love with the new dog and neglect Santa's Little Helper.

When he fails to pay his credit card bill, Bart gets a call from a debt collection agency demanding payment. When the calls and collection letters persist, he enlists Laddie's help to bury the ill-gotten card. Soon, repo men arrive to confiscate his purchases. When a repossessor asks for the $1,200 dog to be returned, Bart identifies Santa's Little Helper as the dog. The greyhound is herded into the truck, and he watches sadly as it drives away.

Realizing Santa's Little Helper is gone, the family bonds with Laddie, except for Bart, who fears for Santa's Little Helper's fate. When an exhausted Bart takes Laddie on one of his frequent walks, the collie saves the life of Baby Gerald. At the ceremony honoring Laddie's heroism, Chief Wiggum decides that he would make the perfect police dog. Bart gives him to the Springfield police force and breaks down crying while explaining to his family why they no longer have any dog at all. Homer instructs him to find Santa's Little Helper. Bart eventually learns from Reverend Lovejoy that the dog was given to a parishioner, Mr. Mitchell.

Bart visits Mitchell to beg for his dog back, but he sees that the man is blind because he fails to notice his parrot has died. When Bart hears how the man and Santa's Little Helper have bonded, he grows heartsick and leaves. Later, Bart makes a late-night visit to the man's home and retrieves Santa's Little Helper. While trying to escape, he traps himself in a closet after mistaking it for an outside door. Thinking Bart is a burglar, Mitchell gloats that he has called the police. Bart explains that he is just a child and the dog was originally his. Bart and Mitchell call to Santa's Little Helper, so he can decide which owner he prefers. After briefly getting distracted by chasing his own tail, Santa's Little Helper chooses Bart. Chief Wiggum arrives with Laddie, who immediately sniffs out a bag of marijuana in Mitchell's pocket. As Bart and Santa's Little Helper head home, more police officers arrive to enjoy the confiscated cannabis.

Production
The episode uses the full opening sequence because the story ran short. A long sequence was cut from the middle of the episode, with half of the episode being re-written after the animatic had been finished. The main plot of the episode came from an original idea that the family would be issued a credit card in the name "Hobart Simpson" which Bart would use. An original subplot was that Lisa would become addicted to "Trucker's Choice" pep pills. Originally, instead of going to the dog park, the family took Laddie to a waterfall, where he performed a series of dives. This idea was scrapped since the script already proved that Laddie was a form of "superdog". Likewise, the scene where Laddie rescues Baby Gerald was originally more complicated, but it was cut; the finished episode shows only the aftermath of Laddie's rescue.

Laddie was designed to resemble a real dog. The catalog Bart uses is a combination of the Lillian Vernon catalog and The Sharper Image store. The opening stemmed from the fact that the show had not had a sequence where the family received mail, and the writers wanted to create a joke about the different types of mail addressed to each family member. After Bart's "dog burning" fantasy, when he hears a ship's horn in the distance, there was originally going to be a faint cry of "more dogs", but it was deemed taking the joke too far. Hank Azaria ad-libbed the entire sequence during the closing credits in which Chief Wiggum and Lou sing along to "Jammin'".

Cultural references
The title is a reference to the novel and film The Caine Mutiny. The dog Laddie is a riff on Lassie's name, appearance and uncanny intelligence. Marge listens to the song "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks on her frying pan radio. At the end of the episode, the song "Jamming" by Bob Marley is played. The design of the Repo Depot is based very loosely on the repossession agency from Repo Man. The address of Mr. Mitchell's house, 57 Mt. Auburn Street, is one of the addresses of The Harvard Lampoon. Mr. Mitchell's belief that his dead parrot is still alive is a reference to the "Dead Parrot" Monty Python sketch.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "The Canine Mutiny" finished 43rd in ratings for the week of April 7–13, 1997, with a Nielsen rating of 8.1, equivalent to approximately 7.9 million viewing households. It was the fourth highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The X-Files, King of the Hill, and Beverly Hills, 90210.

The episode's ending with Chief Wiggum and Lou singing along to "Jamming'" by Bob Marley is often cited as one of the best endings in the history of the show. The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, called it "A sweet episode". Homer's line "There, there, shut up boy" is one of Josh Weinstein's favorites.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Canine Mutiny


text:
Talk:Demining

Good links

 * Demining research at University of Western Australia and the site map in particular
 * This page details what research is still needed.
 * This page is on how to improve safety for deminers

An internal link to Bomb disposal could probably be of use. --Drdan 15:14, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Humanitarian vs. Military
A redirect or, even better, a heading explaining the differences between humanitarian and other (military) demining in terms of accuracy, methods, and procedures would be very welcome. --Drdan 15:20, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The current article is almost exclusively featuring photos with military personnel and military mine plows. Is that really anywhere close to reality? To my knowledge, the military is famous for planting mines, but it isn't exactly known for doing much about clearing them. For example, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_clearance_organization does have a long list of civilian mine clearing organizations, and a short note about military clearing (basically saying that soldiers need to pass through mine fields, without giving a second thought about how future generations might deal with the remaining mines).

 * I think the article could benefit from some major changes: Focus on civilian workers/equipment/problems, with those topics being mentioned first and in more detail, and remove most or all text and photos about military clearing operations (of course, military details can be also interesting - but it might be more suitable to move them to a separate page). Well, or keep it all on one page, but I am having problems to imagine how that could look like... having photos of tank-like mine plows on the same page - alongsides with large groups of civilian mine clearers whom are doing most of the real work on their knees - that could be a stark contrast. --2OO.3OO.2OO.3OO (talk) 22:46, 10 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree with your statement that this article should be mainly about humanitarian demining, but I disagree with your claim that it isn't already. Actually, by far the greater part of the article is about humanitarian demining. I think you're being misled by the pictures. It's true that the majority show military operations, but there are some good reasons for that. First, the pictures have to comply with Wikipedia's licensing requirements (see Wikipedia's image use policy), and most of those happen to be military pictures. For example, I simply could not find a good picture of civilians on their knees with prodders (I agree that this is still the real work); the best by far was that WWII picture. Similarly, I'd love to have a picture of a civilian wielding a metal detector in a minefield, but had to settle for those soldiers in that top picture. If you can find good pictures of civilians doing these things that satisfy Wikipedia's policy, I would happily use them. I do have one picture of a civilian in protective equipment, but there is no point in having more than one. Finally, pictures serve an explanatory purpose, so it made sense to have a gallery of pictures of military equipment to illustrate the different kinds of mechanical deminers. RockMagnetist(talk) 17:51, 17 July 2020 (UTC)

Errors
This seems incorrect:

ORIGINAL

which are sensitive enough to pick up most mines but which also yield about one thousand false positives for every mine[Demining Research].

Should this INSTEAD say this

which are sensitive enough to pick up most mines but which also yield about one PER thousand false positives for every mine[Demining Research].

OR this

which are not very cool at all....peace man! The original seems incorrect. -- Multivac02 20:46, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Follow the link given and you find "Only about one in every thousand signals detected will belong to a mine or UXO, this high rate of false readings is generally due to metal fragments such as shell casings littering the battlefield." In other words, 99.9% of the time, the metal detector is alerting you to a tin can. Dave (talk) 07:57, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

ANOTHER CORRECTION
ORIGINAL

Mechanical clearance Special machines effectively combine mine detection and removal into one operation. In the past, these machines were applied in both mine clearance and demining but are now generally only used for demining. They can be used to verify land that is not expected to be contaminated or as an extra layer of security after an area has cleared by another method, such as dogs.

ISSUE

Actually, the US Army still uses and is continuing to develop mechanical clearance devices. So "now generally used only for demining" is incorrect. Specifically, mine roller systems are being developed, deployed and refined for military mine clearance.

For Reference see the Pearson Engineering web-site at www.pearson-eng.com

98.166.116.145 (talk) 23:44, 22 September 2009 (UTC)Ford Cook

Factual errors
The pictures of protective cloathing and the robot are not for use in de-mining! They are both equipment for bomb disposal. I will remove the pictures. The recent addition of the remote controlled vehicle for detection should hardly be mentioned at all! It is a prototype that does not remove the threat (at least not according to the entry). At most it could be considered as a automated detection device under a separated heading between manual and biological detection measures. --Drdan 15:18, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I moved the honey bees story to "methods under development". To see why, just follow the link to the story in Journal of Mine Action 7.3 which describes a successful test at the US army training site at Fort Leonard Wood. That's great, as far as it goes, but an encouraging result in development on a test-ground is not at all the same thing as being "in-use", which implies real-world operations on a day-to-day basis. Currently, only dogs and manual detection with MD's fit this description.--Lewisaa 08:51, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Confusing language
The section under "Landmine sense vehicle" seems poorly written and confusing. I cleaned up the paragraph a bit, but then there's this: "Now-a-days, in order to face new challenges, every system is automated as it requires less manual operations. So every field prefers automated control systems, especially giving tremendous importance to electronic systems for accurate control, as they are flexible, reliable and economical.   In the present scenario of war situations, unmanned systems plays very important role to minimize human losses. Increased usage of land mines as a devastating weapon to harm both defense personnel and civilians has caused concern in recent times."

I'm deleting that, because it seems out of place, unless someone knows what else to do with it. Frogs 02:41, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

I like the photo of the Hydrema mine clearing vehicle - it looks effective. Unfortunately there is no written material about it here. I would be interested to see the percentage success rate for clearing mines, considering the other information for other methods. User:Fendy 02:51, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

I'd like to see the "Landmine Sense Vehicle" section either heavily edited or entirely removed. It cites no references, offers opinion, and reads more like pre-product-launch advertisement fluff than an informative article.

A train traveling at 80 mph, will reach Washington DC.
A rate will not reach a goal; with out supplemental information. "$1 billion per year would be sufficient to completely demine globally" doesn't have any context

.....so would $1 per decade if, all new mines were banned, and given sufficient time like several millennia.

A rate can also reach a goal when compared a second rate, for instant "$1 billion per year would be sufficient to completely demine globally" if the new mines introduced to the system (planet earth) per year is less than a $1 billion (in removal costs)

I don't know an end date (or a started date) for the stated rate or a rate to compare it to. Else I would have fixed it. Larek (talk) 18:51, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

interwiki ru
Hello, I want to ask, if this interwiki-Link is correct. I removed the Link, because the russian article links to Mine plow. So I think, the russian article does not deal with demining. Otherwise a Bot added this link immediately after I removed it --Joschi90 (talk) 21:43, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

NASA tech spinoff?
Why is this article categorized in the Category:NASA technology spinoffs? — V = IR (Talk • Contribs) 19:09, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Plant section
[31] is a dead link, see http://acfnewsource.org.s60463.gridserver.com/index.html

Add this to the plant section http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/009012.html "The Death of the Land Mine-Detecting Flower JULIA LEVITT, 11 NOV 08"

"Aresa Biodetection" is a wiki page that could be linked to this page.

ChloeDaddy (talk) 03:04, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

incomplete or false Lemma
Acording to the introduction half the info is missing. Where is all about the sweeping of naval Mines ?--WerWil (talk) 00:13, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

 * I have made an edit to fix this problem. --Albany NY (talk) 20:30, 12 September 2014 (UTC)

Removing Several "External Resources"
Hi, I am removing several links, and listing others here as questionable.

Questionable: Mine Advisory Group. It's a good group, but seems to be a special interest or lobbyist-type group.

Questionable: APOPO. Seems to be SPAM.

Questionable: European Union in Humanitarian Demining. Seems to be a university research project that ended in 2005.

I'm removing Mineseeker Operations because it's SPAM.

I'm removing Demining with hero rats because it's a dead link.

I'm removing Manual Mine Clearance because it's a website similar to Flickr.

Overall, the article seems based on NGOs' websites instead of reliable sources. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lacarids (talk • contribs) 23:47, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

Mine Kafon
Perhaps Mine Kafon may be mentioned ? KVDP (talk) 07:38, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

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Mechanical Clearance section seems oddly placed
It's very strange to see the mechanical clearance section placed in the humanitarian demining section. It talks almost exclusively about military vehicles used to remove mines and specifically says they don't meet the UN standard for humanitarian demining. It seems to set out like this exclusively because today this kind of military mine clearance isn't often done under fire anymore but I really don't think that's enough to call something a humanitarian effort. If something is being done by active service military forces, using military vehicles and isn't clearing mines to humanitarian standards it really should be considered a military effort even if the engineers are working in secured areas. Especially when you consider why devices like mine flails are/were used - because they are radically faster than humanitarian mine efforts which allows for acceptably safe paths to be cleared for military vehicles promptly, even if that leaves large numbers of mines undetonated. When put into that context; where military purposes are being put way above total mine clearence there's no way that this can be considered a humanitarian effort, even if the military contributes to such efforts at times.109.153.3.240 (talk) 08:27, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Demining


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Final Fantasy/Featued Article Drive

Archive
Vote 1 archive 7/13-7/19 2005

Current
The article that won the initial vote hands down was Final Fantasy VI. Therefore, there will be a focus on bringing that article to Featured Article.

The following is the featured article criteria. We need to get this article to match what the criteria to the T. There will be many editors, who will oppose making this into a featured article. Therefore, we need to make sure that this article is in tip-top shape, ready for criticism.

The current idea, (subject to change) is simple. First, work on the project among ourselves, and the CVG community. For this, a CVG-peer review will be started. When we think the article is ready, we will put it up for a Peer review. There it will face a difficult the scrutiny of non-CVG editors. Once the Peer Review is done, the article will then be nominated as a featured article candidate. Hopefully, with our support, and teamwork to ready for criticism, the article will become a Featured Article.

Any questions/comments --ZeWrestler 03:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Comments

 * I've a question. Why wasn't Final Fantasy IV considered for this vote? Now that I look at it, I see that it has much more of a chance to become Featured than the FFVI article. The story section is exceptionally thorough. --Dalkaen 13:47, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I had just picked 3 games rather than all of them in the series to nominate. I had specified in the instructions of the nomination that if someone wanted another game from the series to nominate, they could have nominated themselves.  No one nominated anything beyond what i had put up there for original vote. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 14:06, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ack, I guess I missed that, then. --Dalkaen 14:20, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Not a problem, it can always be nominated next time.-- ZeWrestler  Talk 15:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Hoedown

Untitled
I added to this page as I feel it does not adequately focus on the folk dancing aspect of a hoedown. If someone knowledgeable about this kind of traditional dancing could expand the page I would be greatly appreciative. Mr Bound 20:32, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * -I've addded a dance stub tag to the article. Perhaps someone over there will be able to fill it in for you. J. Van Meter 10:23, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 16:20, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Etymology
Article very much needs an explanation of the word's etymology. Does it come from farmers putting their hoes down at the end of a working day? Badagnani 22:51, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I concur on the value of an etymological history. Rollo44 (talk) 20:58, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

Rocky Racoon
The article had said that the Rocky Racoon song "uses "hoe-down" as a euphemism for sexual intercourse," but this isn't exactly true. It says that Rocky's girlfriend and the other guy "were in the next room at the hoedown," so they're clearly using "hoedown" to refer to some sort of hotel/motel/inn (which isn't a typical meaning of the word)....It's implied that they were likely having sex in that room, but this wasn't what the word "hoedown" itself was directly referring to in the song. I've edited now to reflect this. -2003:CA:8710:6FBF:B876:6AC:9F3C:FA61 (talk) 22:20, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hoedown


text:
User talk:Minlad

Hello! While your contributions are certainly welcome, they need to be more than single, incomplete sentences. They need to tell a potential end user more than what they may already know. See Substubs and Manual of style to learn more. Short articles are always welcome, BTW. Simply tag them at the bottom with and the system will automatically generate a notice. Also, feel free to leave word on my talk page if you have questions. Just click on my user name. - Lucky 6.9 20:32, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Minlad


text:
List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is a complete list of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to the present day. The location of the parish or other post during the Moderator's year in office is listed in brackets.

Since 1714 the General Assembly has normally been held annually every May. Moderators-designate are nominated in the October of the previous year; a formal vote is taken at start of the General Assembly in May, then the new Moderator takes the chair. They holds office for one year; their final act is to formally open the following year's General Assembly and preside over the formal election of a successor.

The Moderator of the current year, while serving their term as Moderator, is styled "The Right Reverend", while past Moderators are styled "The Very Reverend".

16th century

 * 1562 (June) and 1568 (Dec) John Knox (Edinburgh)
 * 1563 (Dec.), 1564 (June) and 1568 (July) John Willock (Superintendent of the West)
 * 1564 (Dec.), 1565 (Dec.), 1566 (June and Dec) and 1572 (Aug) John Erskine of Dun (Superintendent of Angus and Mearns)
 * 1567 (June) George Buchanan (Principal, St Leonard's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1567 (July and Dec.), 1576 (April), 1578 (June) John Row (St Johnstoun)
 * 1569 (Feb.), 1577 (Oct.), 1582 (October), 1586 (May), 1593 (April) and 1597 (March) David Lindsay (Leith)
 * 1569 (July) William Christison (St Mary's Church, Dundee)
 * 1570 (March), 1576 (October), 1581 (October) John Craig (Edinburgh)
 * 1570 (July), 1575 (August), 1581 (April), 1583 (October), 1595 (March) and 1597 (April) Robert Pont (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's)
 * 1571 (March) George Hay (Rathven)
 * 1571 (August) Gilbert Garden (Fordyce)
 * 1572 (March) Robert Hamilton (St Andrews) (note: Scott says March 1571)
 * 1573 (March) and 1578 (October) David Ferguson (Dunfermline)
 * 1573 (August) and 1577 (April) Alexander Arbuthnot (Principal of King's College, Aberdeen)
 * 1574 (March) and 1580 (October) Andrew Hay (Renfrew)
 * 1574 (August) John Duncanson (Minister at the King's House)
 * 1575 (March) James Boyd of Trochrig (Archbishop of Glasgow)
 * 1578 (April), 1582 (April and June), 1587 and 1594 Andrew Melville (Principal of the College, Glasgow)
 * 1579 (July) and 1583 (April) Thomas Smeton (Minister at Paisley, later Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1580 (July) James Lawson (Edinburgh)
 * 1588 (Feb.) and 1592 Robert Bruce (Edinburgh)
 * 1588 (Aug.) Thomas Buchanan (Ceres)
 * 1589 (June) and 1590 (March) James Melville (Anstruther, Fife)
 * 1590 (August) and 1602 Patrick Galloway (Minister at the King's House)
 * 1591 Nicol Dalgleish (Pittenweem)
 * 1595 and 1606 James Nicolson (Meigle, later Bishop of Dunkeld)
 * 1597 (March) Peter Blackburn (Aberdeen, later Bishop of Aberdeen)
 * 1597 (May) Robert Rollock (Principal of the College of Edinburgh)
 * 1600 Robert Wilkie (Principal of St Leonard's College, St Andrews)

17th century
No General Assembly until 1638 No General Assembly after 1653 until the restoration of Presbyterianism in 1690. From 1662 to 1673 Walter Bruce of Inverkeithing was "Constant Moderator. Patrick Sympson was Constant Moderator from an unknown date to Spring 1690. Gabriel Cunningham acted as Interim Moderator in 1690 (as though there had been no gap) until Kennedie was chosen to succeed him.
 * 1601 John Hall (St Giles, Edinburgh)
 * 1602,1604 and 1607 Alexander Hume (Logie Kirk)
 * 1605 John Forbes (Alford, Aberdeenshire) - and David Rait Moderator of Synod at Aberdeen Assembly
 * 1606 James Nicolson (Meigle, later Bishop of Dunkeld) elected as "Constant Moderator" in election against Patrick Simson but the concept was dropped
 * 1608 James Law (Bishop of Orkney, later Archbishop of Glasgow)
 * 1610, 1616, 1617 and 1618 John Spottiswood (Archbishop of Glasgow, later Archbishop of St Andrews)
 * 1613 Robert Roche (Inverkeithing)
 * 1615 James Saitonne or Seytoun (Logie Kirk) (Note- Scott has no record of this)
 * 1615 to 1627 John Hay (Renfrew) as the first "constant Moderator"
 * 1638, 1641 and 1643 Alexander Henderson (Leuchars, later Edinburgh)
 * 1639, 1652 and (?)1653 David Dickson (Irvine, Ayrshire)
 * 1640 Andrew Ramsay (Edinburgh)
 * 1642, 1645, 1647, 1649, 1651 Robert Douglas (Edinburgh)
 * 1644 James Bonar (Maybole, Ayrshire)
 * 1646 Robert Blair (St Andrews)
 * 1647 Robert Douglas (Edinburgh)
 * 1648 George Gillespie (Edinburgh)
 * 1650 Andrew Cant (Aberdeen)
 * 1651 Robert Douglas
 * 1652 Gabriel Cunningham (Dunlop, Irvine) (or David Dickson? )
 * 1690 Hugh Kennedie (Edinburgh: Trinity College Church)
 * 1692 and 1697 William Crichton (Edinburgh: Tron Church)
 * 1694 John Law (Edinburgh: High Church)
 * 1695 Patrick Simson (Renfrew)
 * 1698 and 1703 George Meldrum (Edinburgh: Tron Church and Professor of Divinity, Edinburgh)
 * 1699 George Hamilton (Edinburgh: High Church)
 * 1700 David Blair (Edinburgh: Old Church)

18th century

 * 1701 and 1704 Thomas Wilkie (Edinburgh: Canongate)
 * 1702 David Williamson (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's) aka "Dainty Davie"
 * 1703 George Meldrum, (Tron, Edinburgh)
 * 1705, 1708, 1711 and 1715 William Carstares (Principal of the College of Edinburgh)
 * 1706, 1713, 1718, 1724 and 1728 William Wishart (South Leith, later Principal of the College of Edinburgh)
 * 1707 John Stirling (Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1709 John Currie (Haddington)
 * 1710, 1714, 1717, 1722 and 1726 William Mitchell (Edinburgh: High Church)- the first Second Charge to become Moderator
 * 1712, 1716, 1720, 1727 and 1730 William Hamilton (Professor of Divinity, later Principal of the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1719 James Grierson (Second Charge in Edinburgh: Trinity College Church)
 * 1721 Thomas Black (St John's Church, Perth)
 * 1723 and 1731 James Smith (Cramond; later Principal of the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1725 and 1729 James Alston (Dirleton)
 * 1732 and 1737 Neil Campbell (Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1733 John Gowdie (Edinburgh: New North, also Principal of the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1734 James Gordon (Alford)
 * 1735 Alexander Anderson (St Andrews)
 * 1738 and 1741 James Ramsay (Kelso)
 * 1739 James Bannatine (Edinburgh: Trinity College Church)
 * 1740 George Logan (Edinburgh: Trinity College Church)
 * 1742 Thomas Tullideph (Principal, St Leonard's College, St Andrews)
 * 1743 Robert Wallace (Edinburgh: New North)
 * 1744 John Adams (Falkirk)
 * 1745 William Wishart (Principal (Secundus) of the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1746 John Lumsden of Auchinleck (Professor of Divinity, King's College, Aberdeen)
 * 1747 Robert Kinloch (Edinburgh: High Church)
 * 1748 George Wishart (Edinburgh: Tron Church)
 * 1749, 1752 and 1756 Patrick Cumin (Edinburgh: Old Church, also Professor of Church History)
 * 1750 Robert Patoun (Renfrew)
 * 1751 James Mackie (St Ninians, Stirling)
 * 1753 Alexander Webster (Edinburgh: Tolbooth)
 * 1754 and 1760 Robert Hamilton (Professor of Divinity, Edinburgh) and minister of Old Greyfriars Kirk
 * 1755 George Reid (St Quivox)
 * 1757 William Leechman (Professor of Divinity, later Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1758 Thomas Turnbull (Borthwick)
 * 1760 George Kay (Edinburgh: Old Greyfriars')
 * 1761 John Hyndman (Lady Yester's Church) note - Scott does not record this moderatorship
 * 1762 Robert Trail (Professor of Divinity, University of Glasgow)
 * 1763 William Robertson (Edinburgh: Old Greyfriars, also Principal of the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1764 Alexander Gerard (Professor of Theology, Marischal College, Aberdeen)
 * 1765 James Oswald (Methven)
 * 1766 John Hamilton (Glasgow: St Mungo's High Church)
 * 1767 James Murison (Principal of the New College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1768 Gilbert Hamilton (Cramond, near Edinburgh)
 * 1769 James MacKnight (Maybole)
 * 1770 Alexander Carlyle (Inveresk)
 * 1771 Robert Walker (Edinburgh: The High Kirk)
 * 1772 Adam Fergusson (Moulin)
 * 1773 and 1784 John Drysdale FRSE (Edinburgh: Tron)
 * 1774 Robert Henry (Edinburgh: New Greyfriars')
 * 1775 David Shaw (Coylton)
 * 1776 John Ker (Forfar)
 * 1777 James Brown (Edinburgh: New (West) Kirk, St Giles)
 * 1778 Patrick Grant (Urray)
 * 1779 James Gillespie (St Andrews)
 * 1780 Harry Spens (East Wemyss)
 * 1781 William Dalrymple (Ayr)
 * 1782 Joseph McCormick (Prestonpans, later Principal of St Leonard's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1783 Henry Grieve (Dalkeith)
 * 1785 Henry Moncrieff-Wellwood, Bart., (Edinburgh: West)
 * 1786 Duncan Shaw (Aberdeen North)
 * 1787 Robert Liston (Aberdour) (last to be elected without DD)
 * 1788 Archibald Davidson (Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1789 George Hill (Professor of Divinity, University of St Andrews)
 * 1790 John Walker (Professor of Natural History, Edinburgh)
 * 1791 Robert Small (Dundee, St Mary's), Mathematician and Astronomer
 * 1792 Andrew Hunter (Professor of Divinity, University of Edinburgh])
 * 1793 Thomas Hardy (Professor of Church History, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1794 Robert Arnot (Professor of Divinity, University of St Andrews)
 * 1795 James Meek (Cambuslang), Historian and Meteorologist
 * 1796 William Greenfield (Edinburgh: High Church, also Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1797 John Adamson (St Andrews) Professor of Civil History in the United College, University of St Andrews
 * 1798 William Taylor (Glasgow: High, also Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1799 William Moodie (Edinburgh: St Andrew's, also Professor of Hebrew at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1800 George Baird (Principal, University of Edinburgh)

19th century

 * 1801 William Ritchie (Kilwinning)
 * 1802 James Finlayson (Edinburgh: High Church, also Professor of Logic at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1803 Gilbert Gerard (Professor of Divinity, University of Aberdeen)
 * 1804 John Inglis (Greyfriars Kirk, Edinburgh)
 * 1805 George Hamilton (Gladsmuir) Following William McQuhae's rejection of the role
 * 1806 William Taylor (St Enoch's, Glasgow)
 * 1807 James Sherriffs (Aberdeen)
 * 1808 Andrew Grant (Kilmarnock)
 * 1809 Francis Nicoll (Mains and Strathmartine east of Dundee - later Principal of St Leonard's College, St Andrews)
 * 1810 Hugh Meiklejohn (Abercorn, also Professor of Church History at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1811 Alexander Ranken (St David's (Ramshorn) Church, Glasgow)
 * 1812 William MacMorine (Caerlaverock) instead of Robert Dickson of South Leith Parish Church who declined Moderatorship
 * 1813 Andrew Brown (Edinburgh: Old Church, also Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1814 David Ritchie FRSE (Edinburgh: St Andrew's, also Professor of Logic at the University of Edinburgh)
 * 1815 Lewis Gordon (Drainie)
 * 1816 John Cook (of Kilmany then Professor of Hebrew, then Biblical Criticism at St Andrews)
 * 1817 Gavin Gibb (Glasgow: St Andrew's, also Professor of Hebrew, University of Glasgow)
 * 1818 John Campbell (Tolbooth parish, Edinburgh)
 * 1819 and 1843 Duncan Macfarlan (Drymen, later Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1820 Thomas MacKnight FRSE (Edinburgh: Old Church)
 * 1821 Duncan Mearns (Professor of Divinity, University of Aberdeen)
 * 1822 David Lamont (Kirkpatrick Durham)
 * 1823 Alexander Brunton (Edinburgh: Tron Kirk, also Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1824 Andrew Duncan (Ratho)
 * 1825 George Cook FRSE (Laurencekirk)
 * 1826 Thomas Taylor (Tibbermore)
 * 1827 Robert Haldane (Principal, St Mary's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1828 Stevenson McGill (Professor of Divinity, University of Glasgow)
 * 1829 Patrick Forbes (Oldmachar)
 * 1830 William Singer (Kirkpatrick-Juxta)
 * 1831 James Wallace (Whitekirk)
 * 1832 Thomas Chalmers (Professor of Divinity, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1833 John Stirling (Craigie, South Ayrshire)
 * 1834 Patrick MacFarlan (West Kirk Greenock)
 * 1835 William Aird Thomson (Perth)
 * 1836 Norman Macleod (The Highlanders' Friend) (Glasgow: St Columba)
 * 1837 Matthew Gardiner (Bothwell)
 * 1838 William Muir (Edinburgh: St Stephen's)
 * 1839 Henry Duncan (Ruthwell)
 * 1840 Angus Makellar (Pencaitland)
 * 1841 Robert Gordon (Edinburgh: High Church)
 * 1842 David Welsh (Professor of Church History, University of Edinburgh)

Post Disruption
The "Disruption" in the Church of Scotland took place in 1843, with approximately one-third of the ministers leaving to form the Free Church of Scotland. The Moderator in this critical year was Duncan Macfarlan (High Church of Glasgow)
 * 1844 John Lee (Principal, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1845 Alexander Hill (Professor of Divinity, University of Glasgow)
 * 1846 James Paull (Tullynessle)
 * 1847 John Paul (Edinburgh: West Kirk)
 * 1848 George Buist (Professor of Church History, University of St Andrews)
 * 1849 Alexander Lockhart Simpson (Kirknewton)
 * 1850 John Graham of Balfunning (Killearn)
 * 1851 John Macleod (Morvern)
 * 1852 Lewis William Forbes (Boharm)
 * 1853 James Barr (Glasgow: St Enoch's)
 * 1854 James Grant (Edinburgh: St Mary's)
 * 1855 Andrew Bell (Linlithgow)
 * 1856 John Crombie (Scone)
 * 1857 James Robertson FRSE (Professor of Church History, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1858 Matthew Leishman (Govan)
 * 1859 Prof John Cook (Professor of Church History, University of St Andrews)
 * 1860 James Maitland (Kells, Dumfries and Galloway)
 * 1861 Colin Smith (Glenaray near Inveraray)
 * 1862 James Bisset (Bourtie)
 * 1863 James Craik (Glasgow: St George's)
 * 1864 William Robinson Pirie (Principal, University of Aberdeen)
 * 1865 James Macfarlane FRSE (Duddingston, near Edinburgh)
 * 1866 John Cook (Haddington)
 * 1867 Thomas Jackson Crawford FRSE, (Professor of Divinity, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1868 James Strachan Barty (Bendochy)
 * 1869 Norman MacLeod (Glasgow: The Barony)
 * 1870 George Ritchie (Jedburgh)
 * 1871 Robert Horne Stevenson (Edinburgh: St George's)
 * 1872 Robert Jamieson (Glasgow: St Paul's)
 * 1873 Robert Gillan (Inchinnan)
 * 1874 Samuel Trail (Professor of Divinity, University of Aberdeen)
 * 1875 James Sellar (Aberlour)
 * 1876 George Cook (Borgue)
 * 1877 Kenneth Macleay Phin (Convener of the Home Mission Committee)
 * 1878 John Tulloch (Principal, St Mary's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1879 James Crystal (Auchinleck)
 * 1880 Archibald Watson (St Mary's, Dundee)
 * 1881 James Smith (Cathcart)
 * 1882 William Milligan (Professor of Biblical Criticism, University of Aberdeen)
 * 1883 John Rankine (Sorn)
 * 1884 Peter MacKenzie (Urquhart in Presbytery of Dingwall)
 * 1885 Alexander Ferrier Mitchell (Professor of Church History, University of UniversSt Andrews)
 * 1886 John Cunningham (Principal, St Mary's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1887 George Hutchison (Banchory-Ternan)
 * 1888 William Henry Gray (Liberton)
 * 1889 Paton James Gloag (Galashiels)
 * 1890 A. K. H. Boyd (St Andrews)
 * 1891 James MacGregor (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's)
 * 1892 Archibald Charteris (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1893 J. Marshall Lang (Glasgow: The Barony)
 * 1894 Robert Herbert Story (Principal of the University of Glasgow)
 * 1895 Donald Macleod (Glasgow: Park Church) after post declined by Robert Flint
 * 1896 Archibald Scott (Edinburgh: St George's)
 * 1897 William Mair (Earlston)
 * 1898 Thomas Leishman (Linton)
 * 1899 John Pagan (Bothwell)
 * 1900 Norman Macleod FRSE (Inverness)

20th century

 * 1901 James Mitchell (South Leith)
 * 1902 James Curdie Russell (Campbeltown)
 * 1903 John Gillespie (Mouswald)
 * 1904 John McMurtrie FRSE (Convener, Committee on Foreign Missions)
 * 1905 Andrew J. Milne (Fyvie)
 * 1906 Thomas Brown William Niven (Pollokshields)
 * 1907 James Robert Mitford Mitchell (Convener, Colonial Committee)
 * 1908 Theodore Marshall (Convener, Home Mission Committee)
 * 1909 James Robertson (Whittinghame)
 * 1910 Pearson McAdam Muir (Glasgow Cathedral)
 * 1911 Alexander Stewart (Principal of St Mary's College, University of St Andrews)
 * 1912 Samuel Marcus Dill (Alloway)
 * 1913 Andrew Wallace Williamson (Edinburgh: High Kirk (St Giles’ Cathedral))
 * 1914 Thomas Nicol (Professor of Biblical Criticism, University Aberdeen)
 * 1915 David Paul (Edinburgh: Robertson Memorial Church)
 * 1916 John Brown (Glasgow: Bellahouston)
 * 1917 James Cooper (Professor of Church History, University of Glasgow)
 * 1918 James Nicoll Ogilvie (Edinburgh: New Greyfriars')
 * 1919 William Paterson Paterson (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1920 Thomas Martin (Peebles)
 * 1921 James A. McClymont CBE (Convener of the Committee on Chaplains to H. M. Forces)
 * 1922 John Smith (Glasgow: Partick)
 * 1923 George Milligan (University of Glasgow)
 * 1924 David Cathels (Hawick)
 * 1925 John White (Glasgow: The Barony)(also served in 1929)
 * 1926 John Donaldson McCallum (Larkhall)
 * 1927 Norman Maclean (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's)
 * 1928 James Montgomery Campbell (Dumfries)
 * 1929 Joseph Mitchell (Mauchline)

The union of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland occurred in 1929, the newly reunited church henceforth being known as the Church of Scotland.
 * 1929 John White (Glasgow: The Barony)(also served in 1925)
 * 1930 Andrew Nisbet Bogle (Joint-Secretary, Church and Ministry Department)
 * 1931 John Anderson Graham CIE (Kalimpong, India) (Founder of Dr. Graham's Homes)
 * 1932 Hugh Ross Mackintosh (Professor of Dogmatics, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1933 Lauchlan MacLean Watt (Glasgow Cathedral)
 * 1934 Peter Donald Thomson (Glasgow: Kelvinside (Botanic Gardens))
 * 1935 Marshall B. Lang (Whittingehame)
 * 1936 Daniel Lamont (Professor of Practical Theology, New College, Edinburgh)
 * 1937 Dugald MacFarlane (Kingussie)
 * 1938 James Black (Edinburgh: St George's West)
 * 1939 Archibald Main (Glasgow)
 * 1940 James Rae Forgan (Ayr: Trinity UF)
 * 1941 J. H. Cockburn (Dunblane Cathedral)
 * 1942 Charles William Gray Taylor CBE (Edinburgh: St George's)
 * 1943 John Baillie (Professor of Divinity, University of Edinburgh)
 * 1944 Edward James Hagan OBE (Edinburgh: Warrender)
 * 1945 A. J. Campbell (Evie, Orkney)
 * 1946 John McKenzie CIE (former Principal, The Wilson College, Bombay, India)
 * 1947 Matthew Stewart (Hamilton Old and Auchingramont)
 * 1948 Alexander Macdonald (Glasgow: St Columba)
 * 1949 George Simpson Duncan OBE (University of St Andrews)
 * 1950 Hugh Watt (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1951 William White Anderson MC (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's)
 * 1952 George Johnstone Jeffrey (Glasgow: Sherbrooke St Gilbert's)
 * 1953 James Pitt-Watson (Glasgow)
 * 1954 Ernest David Jarvis (Glasgow: Wellington)
 * 1955 G. D. Henderson FBA (University of Aberdeen)
 * 1956 Robert F. V. Scott (St Columba's Church, London)
 * 1957 George MacLeod MC (Iona Community) (Peerage in 1967: Lord MacLeod of Fuinary)
 * 1958 John A. Fraser MBE (Hamilton Old and Auchingramont)
 * 1959 Robert Henry Wishart Shepherd (Lovedale (South Africa))
 * 1960 J. H. S. Burleigh (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1961 Archibald Campbell Craig MC (University of Glasgow)
 * 1962 Nevile Davidson (Glasgow Cathedral)
 * 1963 James Stuart Stewart (Edinburgh)
 * 1964 Duncan Fraser (Invergordon)
 * 1965 Archibald Watt STM (Edzell and Lethnot)
 * 1966 Leonard Small OBE (Edinburgh: St Cuthbert's)
 * 1967 William Roy Sanderson (Stenton linked with Whittinghame)
 * 1968 James Boyd Longmuir (Principal Clerk to the General Assembly)
 * 1969 Thomas Moffat Murchison (Glasgow: St Columba Summertown)
 * 1970 Hugh O. Douglas KCVO CBE (Dundee: St Mary's)
 * 1971 Andrew Herron (Clerk to the Presbytery of Glasgow)
 * 1972 Ronald Selby Wright CVO FRSE FSAScot (Edinburgh: Canongate)
 * 1973 George T. H. Reid MC (Aberdeen: Langstane)
 * 1974 David Steel (Linlithgow: St Michael's) (Father of Lord Steel of Aikwood)
 * 1975 James Gunn Matheson (Portree (Isle of Skye))
 * 1976 Thomas F. Torrance MBE FRSE (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1977 John Rodger Gray VRD (Dunblane Cathedral)
 * 1978 Peter Brodie (Alloa: St Mungo's)
 * 1979 Robert A. S. Barbour KCVO MC (University of Aberdeen)
 * 1980 William Bryce Johnston (Edinburgh: Colinton)
 * 1981 Andrew Beveridge Doig (National Bible Society of Scotland)
 * 1982 John McIntyre CVO FRSE (University of Edinburgh)
 * 1983 J. Fraser McLuskey MC (London: St Columba's)
 * 1984 John M. K. Paterson (Milngavie: St Paul's)
 * 1985 David M. B. A. Smith (Logie, by Stirling)
 * 1986 Robert Craig CBE (Jerusalem (Emeritus))
 * 1987 Duncan Shaw Bundesverdienstkreuz (Edinburgh: Craigentinny St Christopher's)
 * 1988 James A. Whyte (University of St Andrews)
 * 1989 William J. G. McDonald (Edinburgh: Mayfield)
 * 1990 Robert Davidson FRSE (University of Glasgow)
 * 1991 William B. R. Macmillan (Dundee: St Mary's)
 * 1992 Hugh R. Wyllie FCIBS (Hamilton: Old Parish Church)
 * 1993 James L. Weatherhead CBE (Principal Clerk to the General Assembly)
 * 1994 James A. Simpson (Dornoch Cathedral)
 * 1995 James Harkness KCVO CB OBE (Chaplain General of Her Majesty's Forces (Emeritus))
 * 1996 John H. McIndoe (London: St Columba's linked with Newcastle: St Andrew's)
 * 1997 Alexander McDonald (General Secretary of the CofS Board of Ministry)
 * 1998 Alan Main (University of Aberdeen)
 * 1999 John B. Cairns (Dumbarton: Riverside)
 * 2000 Andrew McLellan CBE (Edinburgh: St Andrew's & St George's)

21st century

 * 2001 John Miller (Glasgow: Castlemilk East)
 * 2002 Finlay Macdonald (Principal Clerk to the General Assembly)
 * 2003 Iain Torrance (Professor, University of Aberdeen)
 * 2004 Alison Elliot OBE (Elder, Session Clerk at Edinburgh: Greyfriars Tolbooth & Highland Kirk, Associate Secretary of the Centre for Theology & Public Issues at the University of Edinburgh, first woman to be Moderator and first non-minister to be Moderator since the 16th century)
 * 2005 David Lacy (Kilmarnock: Henderson)
 * 2006 Alan McDonald (Cameron linked with St Andrews: St Leonard's)
 * 2007 Sheilagh M. Kesting (Secretary of the Committee on Ecumenical Relations, first woman minister to serve as Moderator)
 * 2008 David W. Lunan (Clerk to the Presbytery of Glasgow)
 * 2009 William C. Hewitt (Greenock: Westburn)
 * 2010 John Christie (Interim Minister at West Kilbride: St Andrews and the Scots Kirk, Lausanne)
 * 2011 A. David K. Arnott (retired, formerly at St Andrews: Hope Park linked with Strathkinness)
 * 2012 Albert O. Bogle (Bo'ness: St Andrew's)
 * 2013 E. Lorna Hood OBE (Renfrew: North)
 * 2014 John Chalmers (Principal Clerk to the General Assembly) (Angus Morrison (Orwell and Portmoak) was initially nominated but withdrew on health grounds)
 * 2015 Angus Morrison (Orwell and Portmoak)
 * 2016 Russell Barr DMin (Edinburgh: Cramond)
 * 2017 Derek Browning (Edinburgh: Morningside)
 * 2018 Susan M. Brown (Dornoch Cathedral)
 * 2019 Colin Sinclair (Edinburgh: Palmerston Place)
 * 2020 W. Martin Fair (Arbroath: St Andrew's)
 * 2021 Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness PC QC FRSE (Elder at St. Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall)
 * 2022 Iain Greenshields (Dunfermline: St Margaret's)
 * 2023 Sally Foster-Fulton (Head of Christian Aid Scotland)
 * 2024 Shaw Paterson (Strathaven: Trinity)

Moderators who were later Moderators of the Free Church

 * Thomas Chalmers (1832) - Moderator of Free Church in 1843
 * Patrick MacFarlan (1834) - Moderator of Free Church in 1845
 * Angus Makellar (1840) - Moderator of the Free Church in 1852

Note

 * DD - Doctor of Divinity. See also List of post-nominal letters.


text:
August Emil Braun

August or Auguste Emil Braun (April 19, 1809, in Gotha, Germany – September 12, 1856, in Rome) was a German archaeologist.

Biography
Braun initially studied archaeology and philosophy in Göttingen, then continued his education at the University of Munich and in Dresden. In 1833, he accepted Eduard Gerhard's invitation to Berlin, where he made the decision to devote his career to art history.

In the autumn of 1833, he accompanied Gerhard to Rome, where in a short amount of time, he became a librarian, and subsequently secretary to the Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica (later the German Archaeological Institute). In Rome he used his contacts in the art market to acquire antiquities and paintings for collectors, and he established a electroplating workshop to create reproductions of ancient and modern works of art.

Works

 * Il giudizio di Paride (Paris, 1838) – The Judgement of Paris.
 * Die Kunstvorstellungen des geflügelten Dionysios (Munich, 1839) - Artistic notions involving the winged Dionysus.
 * Tages und des Hercules und der Minerva heilige Hochzeit (Munich, 1839) - Day of Hercules and Minerva's sacred marriage.
 * Antike Marmorwerke (Leipzig, 1843) - Antique marble works.
 * Die Schale des Kodros (Berlin, 1843) - The shell of the Kodros.
 * Die Ficoronische Cyste (Leipzig, 1850) - The Ficoroni cista.
 * Griechische Götterlehre (two volumes, Gotha, 1850–54) - Greek mythology
 * Die Vorschule der Kunstmythologie (Gotha, 1854; English trans. by Grant, 1856)
 * Die Ruinen und Museen Roms, für Reisende, Künstler, und Alterthumsfreunde (Braunschweig, 1854; English trans. London, 1855).

title: August Emil Braun


text:
Rodzina zastępcza

Rodzina zastępcza (eng. Foster Family) was a popular Polish primetime comedy series broadcast on Polsat from 23 February 1999 to 20 December 2009. In 2004 the title was changed to Rodzina zastępcza plus (Foster Family plus) and the series got longer episodes, as well as more regular characters and locations.

The series told the story of the Kwiatkowski family, Anka and Jacek, their biological children Majka and Filip, as well as three children they adopted one day: Eliza, Zosia, Romek, later also Dorotka, Wojtek, Piotrek and Pawełek.

Cast

 * Gabriela Kownacka as Anna Kwiatkowska (1999–2008)
 * Piotr Fronczewski as Jacek Kwiatkowski (1999–2009)
 * Monika Mrozowska as Maja Kwiatkowska / Potulicka (1999–2009)
 * Leszek Zduń as Kuba Potulicki (2004–2009)
 * Sergiusz Żymełka as Filip Kwiatkowski (1999–2009)
 * Aleksander Ihnatowicz as Romek Latosz (1999–2007)
 * Aleksandra Szwed as Eliza (1999–2009)
 * Marcin Korcz as Michał Kercz (2008–2009)
 * Misheel Jargalsajkhan as Zosia (1999–2007)
 * Wiktoria Gąsiewska as Dorotka (2007–2009)
 * Michał Włodarczyk as Wojtek (2007–2009)
 * Adam Zdrójkowski as Piotruś (2009)
 * Jakub Zdrójkowski as Pawełek (2009)
 * Maryla Rodowicz as Ula (1999–2009)
 * Hanna Śleszyńska as Jadzia (2001–2009)
 * Joanna Trzepiecińska as Alutka Kossoń (2000–2009)
 * Tomasz Dedek as Jędrula Kossoń (2000–2009)
 * Jarosław Boberek as Police Officer (1999–2009)
 * †Stanisław Michalski as Kuba's grandfather (2004–2009)
 * Joanna Kurowska as Krystyna Kercz (2008–2009)
 * Krzysztof Dracz as Włodzimierz Kercz (2008–2009)
 * †Marcin Kołodyński as Darek - Majka's Boyfriend (1999–2001)
 * Jerzy Słonka as Lesio, Jadzia's husband (2003–2009)
 * Borys Szyc as Krzyś Kozłowski (2002)
 * Wojciech Janowicz as Jaś Potulicki, #1 (2009)

title: Rodzina zastępcza


text:
Talk:Megahertz myth

Benchmarks
The real myth is this article -- GHz is the primary performance guide even with duo cores since the processors on large multiprocesser computers can only be managed well at a 2:1 ratio. So it takes a quad core to equal the processing speed of two individual computers. And you still might not see much performance boost as software is mostly written to perfom serially. One educator comparing his old single core to his new dual core running at the same rate said it seemed the same, only graphics ran faster. Agreed, certian processor details like processor cycles to complete key instructions have significant performance impact but lacking a table of those, the GHz rate is the only way to buy new computers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.139.220.8 (talk) 11:05, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Kirk Fraser —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.139.220.8 (talk) 11:06, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Really? All the benchmark reports and technical papers discussing large multiprocessor computers have roughly 65 to 80 percent performance improvements for every additional processor. Additionally, just becuase the software is badly designed or not optimised for multicore processors does not mean that multicore processors (or any processor exploiting other methods to achieve high performance) are bad and that GHz is the only factor in performance. Rilak (talk) 06:50, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

How about creating a table that states the number of processor cycles that is required to execute a processor insturction?

Yuhong Bao

 * Too many variables, just google for some system shootouts. Izzat source enough, or do you want me to dig about in my old mags from 1997? ...dave souza 17:11, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

AMD CPU numbers
It says, "AMD introducing model numbers giving a notional clock speed based on comparative performance to overcome a perceived deficiency in their actual clock speed." yet I have never seen anything official regarding to this. I think this too is a myth created by AMD fanboys, as the only reliable information about this notion that I have heard is that the numbers were created specifically for marketing purposes only and nothing to do with the actual performance of the AthlonXP. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.74.48.25 (talk) 18:47, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Oh, another problem is that my understanding is that Intel actually did research that showed that a longer pipeline and higher clock speed was the way to go. As it wasn't a marketing ploy to get people to buy processors just because of the higher clock speed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.74.48.25 (talk) 18:56, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It always depends on what benchmarks you use, but in most benchmarks I have seen, the Athlon XP 2000+ actually outperformed the Pentium 4 with 2 GHz. Yes, high clockrates and long pipelinses were the way to go for Intelk at the time they intruduced the Netburst-architechture and I am sure they did some research before they made this decision, but not because of real performance, but because of marketing. Marketing research is also a kind of research. --MrBurns (talk) 20:01, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

POV
Although the article is fairly well written, there does seem to be a slight amount of bias for the PowerPC processors. Perhaps someone could reword it to remove the bias while still maintaining the factuality? Paul Cyr 18:34, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Exactly! This is written by an old-school Apple Apologist. 73.170.79.95 (talk) 13:37, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Further detailed factuality added to achieve NPOV. Note that the points made are taken from the linked articles, and the "megahertz myth" keynote can be viewed as a 17.1 Mb movie download from the linked source. ...dave souza 00:47, 26 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi 73.170.79.95, nice to hear you're an old-school Apple Apologist. Really rather of historical interest and of course the processors were by IBM, but the point about comparing different chips by clock speed is timeless. . . dave souza, talk 17:08, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

Cleanup
The section of the history of the myth is far too cluttered. I think the main problem with it is that it gives a blow by blow account of the usage of the term, when it should simply say how the myth started. (comment by Paul Cyr)
 * Point noted, in my opinion the background is important to understanding the myth, but I'll look at tidying up this section. ....dave souza 19:57, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

title
Why is this article "Hertz myth"? Typing that into google yields "megahertz myth" more often then "Hertz myth". Even "gigahertz myth" is more common.

 * Because it is not a proper title. Paul Cyr 05:09, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * What is improper about it? It is a marketing term, not a technical one, so the usual metric rules don't apply.  ("Gigahertz myth" is identical to "Megahertz myth", not 1000 times worse.) Algr 05:19, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I do understand what you are saying, and although you are right about it being marketing term, the myth is about hertz in general, megahertz is too specific. In addition to what you said, now that CPUs are in the GHz range, who's to say it shouldn't be changed to Gigahertz Myth?  What about when we reach terahertz?  The title shouldn't matter based on the current clock speeds. Paul Cyr 07:10, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * -Well, it's like putting Marilyn Monroe's stuff under "Norma Jean". The latter is her real name, but Marilyn/Megahertz is what it says in the movies that everyone remembers.
 * -Also, no CPU chip was ever measured in just Hertz, they started in the Kilohertz range.
 * -There is no longer any company that benefits from this myth, so we likely won't hear much more about it.
 * -Finally, only a few articles ever updated it to gigahertz myth, and they usually mentioned that they did it. The fact that some people did reflexively change it to Gigahertz myth indicates that the public understands that things that apply to Mega automatically apply to Giga too. But if you mention "Hertz myth" out of context, people probably won't recognize it, because they remember "megahertz myth". Algr 14:45, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I conceed :P Paul Cyr 21:55, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

It seems a fair point that this may be the only place it's called the "Hertz Myth", and unless a citation can be found supporting that naming it would be better to move this page back to "megahertz myth" after proper discussion. If there are any objections the procedure at Requested moves should be followed...dave souza, talk 15:56, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Proposed "Irony" Section
To counter the PowerPC bias, perhaps a section or statement should be added regarding apple's change to using Intel processors in place of the PowerPC. 69.68.125.6 (talk) 05:25, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It's already there: Megahertz myth. .. dave souza, talk 11:52, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Not any more. The entire section "The myth becomes counterproductive" was deleted in a "removed unreferenced material" edit . Is there anything that should be restored? --DavidCary (talk) 17:38, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

Performance measurement
It is so lame to have an article like this with no references to actual ways of measuring performance. -69.87.204.26 (talk) 01:06, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * . The first paragraph now links to benchmark and computer performance, which in turn link to notable ways of measuring performance. --DavidCary (talk) 17:38, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

Removed a dead link
I removed a dead link to a page at jmusheneaux dot com. It wasn't available on the Internet Archive, and the description wasn't clear what it was. Ken (talk) 03:24, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

About the accuracy of the comparison between the 6502 and 8088
It is stated that a 8088 needs 25 cycles to load the accumulator with an immediate value. I am not sure if this is correct. Looking at datasheets and instruction set lists I'd say a 8088 normally needs 4 cycles to fetch and decode a mov reg8/16, nn instruction, after which either 4 or 8 extra cycles are needed to get the byte or word from memory. This is of course a best case scenario, but even with additional wait states, it should be way below the 25 cycles described in the article. Since the accumulator of the 6502 is 8 bits wide, one should load the 8088 with an 8 bit value as well. In the end, the 6502 is still much faster clock for clock, but not as dramatically as described. At least, that is what I think. Perhaps I overlooked something?

sources: http://www.ousob.com/ng/asm/ng11587.php http://zsmith.co/intel_m.html#mov http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/x86/808x/datashts/8088/231456-006.pdf

GB80CPU (talk) 22:58, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I just did something about this, but for a different reason (and before visiting this talk page). As I found it today, the article cited 4 clock cycles as the time to execute "LDA #" on the 8088; "LDA #" is a 6502 instruction which does an 8-bit immediate load of the accumulator, so it is most similar to "MOV AL,#" on the 8088, which does an immediate load of the low-order 8 bits of the 16-bit accumulator (called AX) of the 8088.  Intel's published instruction timing for that instruction is 4 clock cycles, but there are major, major caveats to those timings.  I described these briefly in a " " comment inserted into the text.  The Intel-published instruction timings for the 8086 and 8088 are the timings under the assumption that all bytes of every instruction are loaded into the prefetch queue by the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) before they are needed by the Execution Unit (EU).  The BIU in the 8088 has a 4-byte prefetch queue.  Since it takes 4 clock cycles to read or write a byte, the only time the BIU can load more bytes into the prefetch queue than the EU takes out in the same time is when the EU takes more than 4 clocks per instruction byte to execute an instruction.  The only 8088 instructions that meet this criterion are instructions that access operands in memory (including the stack) or through I/O ports, multiplications, divisions, variable shifts and rotates (e.g. "SHL SI,CL" or "ROR DX,CL"), and control transfers (jumps, calls, s/w interrupts, etc.).  (However, any control transfer causes the prefetch queue to be cleared.)  The consequence for the 8088 is that in typical programs that are not memory-data-intensive, for most instructions, the number of clock cycles taken to execute each instruction is four times the number of bytes in the instruction.  I.e., the instruction will not be in the prefetch queue, so its execution time will be determined by the time taken to fetch it (by the BIU), while the EU is idle for some of that time.

 * On the 8086, the case assumed for Intel's instruction timings occurred frequently but not persistently. On the 8088, it occurs infrequently, but it is not impossible: a long-executing instruction preceding the "MOV AL,#" instruction may allow the BIU time to fetch both bytes of that instruction (and maybe one or two other bytes) into the prefetch queue, and then the EU can fetch the two bytes from the queue and execute the instruction in only 4 clock cycles.  During those 4 clock cycles, the next instruction byte will be fetched into the queue, so that next instruction can begin to execute with no delay.  However, it is much more common that only the first byte of the "MOV AL,#" instruction is fetched before the EU starts to execute it, so that 2 more bytes must be fetched before the instruction can complete and the next one begin executing, making the "MOV AL,#" take 8 clock cycles to execute.  That is the worst case, and execution in 4 clocks is the best case.  There are also possible intermediate cases, since the EU and BIU are loosely coupled.  The worst case is by far the most statistically frequent in typical programs.

 * It might seem like the 8088 is a bad CPU design, and I can't say it's good, but it's not as bad a reflection on the Intel engineers as it appears to be in hindsight from the 2010s (or even the 1990s). The 8088 is a modification of the earlier Intel 8086, which has a 16-bit data bus and so can prefetch two bytes in 4 clock cycles.  The 8086 also has a 6-byte prefetch queue.  Whereas the prefetch queue in the 8088 is usually empty, the one in the 8086 is usually not empty, and so the 8086 can execute most instructions from the queue and therefore complete their execution within the published clock cycle counts.  (Also, Intel admitted that an 8086 will typically take about 10% more clock cycles than the sum of the published instruction timings to execute a given program, and that is not an outright unreasonable estimate [as it is for the 8088].)  The goal of the 8088 design was to promptly produce an 8-bit data-bus version of the 8086, sacrificing speed for low system cost, as an 8-bit data bus would make the CPU compatibile with the many available 8-bit peripheral chips and would allow the CPU to be used with smaller, simpler printed circuit boards.  (The 8088 successfully met that goal.)

 * On balance, because of these complicated details, the final conclusion may be that a comparison of short, primitive instructions on the 6502 and 8088 is not a good example to use. However, this microarchitectural difference between the 6502 and the 8088 (or 8086) is an excellent example of the principle by which the megahertz myth is indeed a myth: fundamental differences in what each processor does in a clock cycle make clock cycles not comparable as equivalent units of computational work, across microarchitectures.  Since a clock cycle does not represent a constant unit of computing work, the rate of clock cycles, alias the clock frequency, is not a proportionate measure of the speed of computation.

 * (Any Wikipedian should feel free to use any excerpt from this posting as material for the article itself.)

173.49.107.56 (talk) 10:08, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Software Red Herring
The article currently over-belabors how poorly designed multithreaded software or single-threaded software can never take full advantage of multicore CPUs so it is not reasonable to say a CPUs speed is somehow proportional to the clock speed time the number of cores. Well, all things being equal, that's EXACTLY what the relative speed of two otherwise similar CPUs actually is. If one has amazingly designed multithreaded software and it's run on a single or dual core CPU it's not going to magically start running faster and vice versa. The inherent capability of the CPU is what is at issue in discussions of the "megahertz myth", not what lipstick covered pig piece of software someone might decide to run (or code) on it. I don't really want to rewrite that section, but I wanted to point that out. 198.81.129.186 (talk) 20:59, 29 December 2015 (UTC)mjd

Modern adaptations of the myth
This entire section needs to be removed, or completely rewritten. Almost all of the concepts conveyed in the section are completely wrong. This is not how multithreading works whatsoever. One thread runs on one core, no amount of instruction scheduling will change that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.69.224.221 (talk) 11:35, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Megahertz myth


text:
J. D. Power III

James David Power III (May 30, 1931 – January 23, 2021) was an American businessman and the founder of the marketing firm J.D. Power and Associates.

Early life and education
Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, Power was the oldest of four children. Power's father was an English teacher at Worcester Boys Trade High School, teaching at the school for 44 years. Power attended Saint Peter's High School. Following graduation from College of the Holy Cross in 1953, Power served four years as a line officer aboard the Coast Guard icebreaker USCGC Eastwind in the Arctic and Antarctic. During his service, he appeared briefly in a Disney documentary “Men Against The Arctic” about icebreakers.

Power subsequently earned an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Finance. He joined Ford Motor Company as a financial analyst and later worked for Marplan as a marketing research consultant for General Motors Corporation's Buick and GMC truck and coach divisions. In 1965, Power and his family moved to California with the purpose of establishing a family business. Prior to launching J.D. Power and Associates in 1968, Power worked as a marketing research executive for J. I. Case Company, a construction and farm equipment manufacturer, and was director of corporate planning for McCulloch Corporation, a Los Angeles-based engine manufacturer.

J.D. Power and Associates
Power began conducting customer satisfaction research on April 1, 1968, as founder of the marketing information firm J.D. Power and Associates. Power started J.D. Power and Associates at the kitchen table with his family and initially the "Associates" in the firm's title were his own wife and children. The Power family also took out a second mortgage on their existing house at the time to support the fledgling company.

In 1972, the company first drew national attention when Julie P. Power, David Power's wife, discovered a design flaw in certain Mazda automobiles, which was then publicized by The Wall Street Journal. In the following years, J. D. Power and Associates became well known for its automotive customer satisfaction rankings. Power sold the company to McGraw-Hill in 2005 for an undisclosed amount of money. He also stepped down as chairman but remained active with strategic planning.

Awards and philanthropy
In 1992, Power was a recipient of the Automotive Hall of Fame's Distinguished Service Citation, awarded each year to seven of the industry's most accomplished leaders. In 2014, Power was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame. He held honorary doctorate degrees from College of the Holy Cross, California Lutheran University, California State University, Northridge, and Misericordia College.

In January 2018, the Power family gave the College of the Holy Cross $3 million in support of the college's Center for Liberal Arts in the World, to be renamed the "J.D. Power Center for Liberal Arts in the World". He also served as an adjunct professor of marketing at California State University, Northridge. Power also frequently spoke to top management and boards of directors of companies worldwide.

Personal life
Power is the subject of Sarah Morgans and Bill Thorness' book, Power: How J. D. Power III Became the Auto Industry's Adviser, Confessor, and Eyewitness to History.

His family currently resides in Westlake Village, California.

title: J. D. Power III