text:
Dai Koyamada

Dai Koyamada (小山田大, born 23 August 1976) is a Japanese rock climber and known as one of the leading boulderers of his generation who established some of the first-ever boulder problems at. He has also established and repeated, some of the hardest sport climbs in the world.

Early life
Dai was born on 23 August 1976 in Kagoshima Prefecture and started climbing in 1993.

Competition climbing
In 1996, Koyamada won the Japanese National Championship. This is the event that allowed him to become a professional rock climber. Four years later in 2000 Koyamada left the competition climbing circuit because he realized "The real nature of my climbing resides in crags".

Rock climbing
Koyamada came to wider prominence in sport climbing when in 2001, he completed the first ascent (FA) of Logical Progression, a sport climb in Joyama, Japan, which was considered one of the most difficult in the world at the time.

In 2004, Koyamada came to international prominence when he travelled to the Hollow Mountain Cave in the Grampians National Park in Australia, and created several new extreme bouldering routes that were considered to be amongst the world's first-ever at the grade, most notably Sleepy Rave, and The Wheel of Life. Both have seen their grades softened to and  respectively. Later in 2004, Koyamada traveled to Switzerland and repeated Fred Nicole's Dreamtime on November 9, then one of the hardest boulder problems in the world, and one of the first boulders to receive a.

On October 15, 2005, Koyamada repeated the famous sport climbing route, Action Directe, in the Frankenjura, Germany and proclaimed it harder than any other route that he has climbed. In a 2017 interview, Koymada called his ascent of Action Directe as "the outstanding turning point in my climbing career".

On April 4, 2017, at the age of 40, Koyamada climbed a new personal best with the first ascent of the boulder, Nayuta in Gero, Japan.

Boulder problems

 * Nayuta (那由多) – Gero (JPN) – 4 April 2017 – FA
 * The Story of Two Worlds Low Start – Cresciano (SUI) – 22 March 2012 – Following an internet controversy contesting Koyamada's hand positions to start the boulder problem in 2010, Koyamada returned to honor his name and establish his own, more difficult low start.

 * Nehanna (ネハンナ) – Gero (JPN) – 4 June 2016 – FA
 * Rokudou (六道) – Toyamagawa (JPN) – 25 March 2016 – FA
 * Meikyoushisui (明鏡止水) – Toyamagawa (JPN) – 18 March 2016 – Second ascent 8B+/8C.
 * Horizon (ホライゾン) – Mt. Hiei (JPN) – 8 May 2015 – FA
 * Kawaki no umi / Sea of Dry (乾きの海) – Minamata (JPN) – 31 March 2014 – FA, 8B+/8C.
 * Vanitas (ヴァニタス) – Horai (JPN) – 6 February 2014 – FA
 * Eternal (エターナル) – Hinokage (JPN) – 1 May 2013 – FA
 * Four Dimensional (４次元) – Hinokage (JPN) – 21 March 2013 – FA, 8B+/8C.
 * Floating World (浮世) – Ena (JPN) – 7 November 2012 – FA
 * Der mit dem Fels tanzt -Chironico (SUI) – 28 October 2012 – Second Ascent
 * Ukiyo (浮世) – Ena (JPN) – 12 July 2012 – FA
 * Daedalus Direct – Sustenpass (SUI) – 4 October 2004 – FA, 8B+/8C
 * In Search of Time Lost – Magic Wood (SUI) – 28 August 2011 – Second Ascent
 * The Story of Two Worlds – Cresciano (SUI) – 13 May 2010 -Second ascent of Dave Graham's classic boulder put up in 2005.
 * Idea (イデア) – Horai (JPN) – 8 February 2010 – FA
 * Karamu – Japan (JPN) – 28 April 2009 – FA
 * Epitaph – Hourai (JPN) – 20 January 2009 – This first ascent took him over a year to complete, and he says it's the most beautiful line he has ever made the first ascent on.
 * Euphoria (ユーフォリア) – Yatsue (JPN) – 20 March 2008 – FA
 * Bongo (ボンゴ) – Frankenjura (GER) – 28 October 2007 – FA, 40+ move roof climb.
 * Angama – Fontainebleau (FR) – 24 October 2006 – FA, Traverse
 * Hyper Ballad – Shiobara (JPN) – 31 March 2006 – FA
 * Hydrangea – Shiobara (JPN) – 22 April 2005 – First ascent by adding a sit-start to his Hydra (V13/8B, FA on 2004 December 20).
 * Dreamtime – Cresciano (SUI) – 9 November 2004 – Although Dai has logged this ascent as V14 it was considered V15 at the time prior to broken holds.
 * The Wheel of Life – Grampians (AUS) – 12 May 2004 – FA
 * Methuselahzation (メトセラゼーション) – Yatsue (JPN) – 8 February 2004 – FA
 * Byaku-dou – Hourai (JPN) – 11 November 2003 – first ascent.
 * Hull Shea Nation (ハルシネーション) – Horai (JPN) – UNKNOWN – FA
 * Hull Shea Nation (ハルシネーション) – Horai (JPN) – UNKNOWN – FA

 * Agartha – Toyota (JPN) – 12 April 2011 – 8B+(V14) first ascent.
 * Big Paw – Chironico (SUI) – 13 November 2010 – At the time of ascent considered 8C(V15) but has subsequently been downgraded.

Redpointed routes

 * Action Directe – Frankenjura (GER) – 15 October 2005 – Dai proclaimed it to be his most difficult climb yet.

 * Hugh – Les Eaux Claire (FRA) – 1 November 2002 – first ascent (FA) by Fred Rouhling in 1993.

 * Logical Progression – Joyama (JPN) – 27 November 2001 – first ascent (FA) of 9a (5.14d) sport climb.

title: Dai Koyamada


text:
Austin Expedition of 1854

The Austin expedition of 1854 was an expedition of exploration undertaken in Western Australia by Robert Austin in 1854. Members of Austin's party comprised John Hardey, Kenneth Brown, James Tatton Brockman Fraser (artist), Thomas Whitfield, James Guerin, Richard Buck, J. Edwards, W. Cant, Charles Farmer, and J. Woodward; and aboriginals Narryer, Wambinning, Wooddang and Souper. The expedition left Mumberkine, 23 km north of Northam, on 10 July 1854, exploring the large lakes northeast of Northam known as Cow-Cowing, before heading north through the interior, where Mount Magnet was discovered and named. They intended to reach the coast at Shark Bay, but were driven back by heat, fatigue, lack of water, and the loss of a number of their horses at Poison Rock. They were eventually forced to return to the coast along the Murchison River, arriving at Port Gregory on 25 November.

The expedition reported large areas of land that were potentially gold-bearing, but nothing suitable for pastoral settlement.

Austin was asked by the Colonial Secretary, William Ayshford Sanford, to make observations and collections of birds. Within the report of the expedition is a note on a "Ground Parrot", referring to Sanford's labelling of a bird skin that is assumed to be the type specimen of Pezoporus occidentalis, a cryptic and elusive species known as the night parrot.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Austin Expedition of 1854


text:
Princess Caraboo (film)

Princess Caraboo is a 1994 American historical comedy-drama film. It was directed by Michael Austin, and written by Austin and John Wells. The story is based on the real-life 19th-century character Princess Caraboo, who passed herself off in British society as an exotic princess who spoke a strange foreign language. It stars Phoebe Cates.

Plot
In Regency England, an exotically dressed woman is found in the fields, speaking a language no-one can understand. She ends up at the home of the Worrall family, the local gentry.

Their Greek butler, Frixos, thinks the woman is a fraud from the start. Mr Worrall sends her to the magistrate to be tried for vagrancy, but Mrs Worrall agrees to care for her. Mr Gutch, a local printer and newspaper reporter, takes an interest in the case, especially after the woman claims via mime to be Princess Caraboo.

Gutch talks to the farm workers who found her and learns she had a book from the Magdalene Hospital in London on her. When the Worralls leave on a trip the servants inspect her for a tattoo, which they believe all natives of the South Seas have and are shocked to find Princess Caraboo has one on her thigh.

Frixos tells Gutch he now thinks Princess Caraboo's a genuine princess. Mr Worrall uses her presence to recruit investors for the spice trade which will be facilitated by her when she returns to her native land. Gutch brings in Professor Wilkinson, a linguist who is initially dismissive of Caraboo's story but has enough doubt to refuse to say she is a fraud.

The local society finds Princess Caraboo fascinating, and they flock to attend parties and soirees with her. Mr Gutch begins investigating people connected with the Magdalene House. Lady Apthorpe takes Caraboo to a ball held for the Prince Regent, who is fascinated by her.

Gutch learns Caraboo is actually Mary Baker, who worked as a servant for Mrs Peake. He sneaks into the ball to warn her she's been found out, but she refuses to acknowledge what he tells her. Mrs Peake comes and confronts Caraboo and identifies her as Mary Baker. She is locked up.

The local magistrate and Mr Worrall want to hang her. Mrs Worrall gives M. Gutch documents implicating her husband and the magistrate in a bank fraud. He uses these to work a trade, he will bury the story if Mary Baker can go to America. Gutch, who has fallen in love with Mary, leaves with her for the United States.

Cast

 * Phoebe Cates as Princess Caraboo
 * Jim Broadbent as Mr Worrall
 * Wendy Hughes as Mrs Worrall
 * Kevin Kline as Frixos
 * John Lithgow as Professor Wilkinson
 * Stephen Rea as Gutch
 * Peter Eyre as Lord Apthorpe
 * Jacqueline Pearce as Lady Apthorpe
 * John Wells as Reverend Wells
 * John Lynch as Amon McCarthy
 * John Sessions as Prince Regent
 * Annabel Brooks as Lady Neville
 * Arkie Whiteley as Betty
 * Jerry Hall as Lady Motley
 * Anna Chancellor as Mrs Peake

Reception
Princess Caraboo received mixed reviews. It holds a rating of on Rotten Tomatoes based on  reviews.

Michael Medved of Sneak Previews placed the film as among his best films of 1994.

title: Princess Caraboo (film)


text:
圓

圓, 圆, 元, 円, or 원 may refer to:
 * Chinese Yuan, the Chinese currency base unit
 * Renminbi, the currency of People's Republic of China
 * New Taiwan dollar, the currency of Republic of China
 * Japanese yen, the currency of Japan
 * Taiwan yen, the currency of Taiwan of Empire of Japan between 1895 and 1946
 * Korean yen, the currency of Korea of Empire of Japan between 1910 and 1945
 * B yen, the currency of US-occupied Okinawa between 1948 and 1958
 * Korean won, the currency of Korea between 1902 and 1910
 * North Korean won, the currency of North Korea
 * South Korean won (1945), the currency of South Korea between 1945 and 1953
 * South Korean won, the currency of South Korea

title: 圓


text:
Talk:Volunteer Ministers

FDNY commendation
"While the Church points to a commendation by the New York Fire Department for their relief efforts following the September 11, 2001 attacks"

At the opening of the New York Ideal Org (2004), a Stephan Hittman awarded Scientology's Volunteer Ministers the "FDNY and 911 Medal of Valor". It turned out that (a) he had no authority to hand out medals, (b) the FDNY Medal of Valor, since 1960, has only been awarded posthumously and exclusively for line of duty death. So I think that it would be prudent see some detailed references for this, including who handed out this commendation. AndroidCat (talk) 21:52, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Wow. Cirt (talk) 10:51, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Mumbai cardinal asked to ban Scientologists from scene of terrorist attacks
Sources to use in article. Cirt (talk) 04:44, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

Legal threats by Drg55 against wikipedia
I have notified Drg55 on their talk page about wikipedia's no legal threat policy regarding this edit summary. I am assuming good faith in that Drg55 was probably unaware of this policy, so I am not reporting it to the administrators noticeboard unless Drg55 either continues this behavior or makes it known that they do intend legal action against wikipedia.

That being said, I agree with the deletion of the content but for different reasons. The quotes that Drg55 deleted were not from a reliable source so they shouldn't be used on this page (in my opinion).Coffeepusher (talk) 18:11, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Drg55 isn't convincing me that they intend to follow wikipedia's legal threat policy, as such I have decided to send this to the administrators noticeboard.Coffeepusher (talk) 17:44, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

Haiti
There are plenty of pictures of the Volunteer Ministers’ work in Haiti here, but no text. Should we mention the controversy of the Volunteers’ presence in Haiti, which was criticized by two publications: http://gawker.com/5462117/scientologists-in-haiti-a-firsthand-account and http://www.catholic.org/news/international/americas/story.php?id=35377 Livetoedit1123 (talk) 17:51, 5 February 2016 (UTC)

The more I dig into this, the madder I get. Stolen valor-like behavior, sending untrained and unprepared people to create a burden on an already overburdened disaster scene, all for a PR photo op. Meanwhile delaying humanitarian assistance supplies and interfering with real humanitarian efforts. ▶ I am Grorp ◀ 09:14, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
 * https://www.gawker.com/5464902/anonymous-pledge-to-fight-scientologist-efforts-in-haiti
 * USCGC Hornbeam
 * https://haitisfuture.yolasite.com/mv-rum-cay-grace.php
 * https://haitisfuture.yolasite.com/letters.php
 * https://haitisfuture.yolasite.com/about-us.php
 * https://www.flickr.com/photos/scientologyvm/albums

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Number of VMs claim
In the first paragraph, there is a claim for the number of VMs. The cite for this: Eric Roux is a Scientology executive in Europe, and spokesman, so this is claim by Scientology rather than a third-party source. AndroidCat (talk) 20:36, 19 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Volunteer Ministers


text:
Talk:Yuri Knorozov

Article creation
Parts of this have been written from memory, I shall have to check and cross-reference some of the facts once I finally retrieve my reference books from storage. There seems to be a paucity of biographical information on the internet. A list of his academic publications would be a bonus find.

In particular, I am not too sure about when he was first allowed to visit Central America, it may have been in the 1980s. --cjllw | TALK  04:40, 2005 July 12 (UTC)

Notes re Russian biographical source
As per to the Russian biographical site (www.peoples.ru) which I have added to the references, Knorosov's first visit to Mesoamerica took place in 1990, I have updated the article accordingly.

Also note, the additional biographical data I have added to the article from this source is via my gloss of the output of a machine translation of the original source (in Russian); as such, there is room for error in the transliteration or interpretation. --cjllw | TALK  04:34, 2005 July 19 (UTC)

Good Article Nomination
Looks pretty good, but could perhaps use some cites to the contemporary debates in scholarly journals as well as in-line citations (which many GA reviewers like to see). Alot of it seems closely based on Breaking the Maya Code and could benefit from alternate sources or perspectives. Not that I don;t love Coe's book but his views can hardly be described as NPOV though he tries to be fair. Eluchil404 22:54, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the input. Agree that it would be useful to incorporate materials from a wider range of sources, though when I wrote this article a year ago I'd had some difficulty in tracking these down. Will see if I can find any more in the next little while.

 * As for inline cites, will see if I can add a few in, though after this amount of time will need to refresh my memory.--cjllw | TALK  02:34, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I just dropped by to review and have the same comment as above. We really need those cites. Otherwise, my complements! It is good work doing this all from memory! --CTS Wyneken (talk) 00:51, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, I've tracked down some additional references, so give me a day or two more to work these and other cites and details into the text. Cheers, --cjllw | TALK  09:00, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Afraid I got a bit distracted and also short of time, so if you will bear with me I'll be another couple of days in incorporating some new/clarificatory material and annotating with appropriate citations. If not progressed by this time next week, feel free to ping it. Cheers, --cjllw | TALK  07:07, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem. I'll mark it pending. Just drop by the nom page or my talk page and tell me you're ready. Good work! --CTS Wyneken (talk) 13:18, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

RE-reviewing of the article led me to pass it since all the requirements have been assessed and the questions adressed. Congratulations! Lincher 15:57, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hey thanks, Lincher. There's still a bit more biog material I'd like to add (over and above his achievements in the Maya field) from the additional sources now obtained, and will do so shortly tho hopefully without any deleterious effects.--cjllw | TALK  13:38, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

move
moved to standard transliteration of his name. That erased a stub in the history; the stub was:

Dr. Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov (1922 - 1999) was a Russian linguist, epigraphist, and anthropologist/ethnologist. He attended Moscow State University. His most notable accomplishments are his contributions to deciphering Mayan hieroglyphics.

kwami (talk) 02:32, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Bio controversy
Has anyone listened to today's Echo of Moscow? Dmitry Beliaev (one of K's disciples, currently with the RGGU faculty) had a long talk show and explained that the rosy story outlined in Western press (and reproduced in the article as it stands today) is one half BS. Real life, apparently, was not as good for K as it seems. The transcript will be posted in a few days in the archives at, dated 12.06.2010. East of Borschov (talk) 12:46, 12 June 2010 (UTC)

This talk with Beliaev was at 13.03.2010, direct link to transcript and audio: — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.35.131.139 (talk) 07:56, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

BERLIN LIBRARY LEGEND
Point is, Knorozov was not in Berlin in 1945. By the end of the World War II he served in the army near or in Moscow - see Russian variant of paper about Kborozov with explications. So, the whole story about Berlin library is a legend.Д.Д.Гуров (talk) 18:14, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

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Ukrainian
His surname is Ukrainian. It means Boar's.--Юе Артеміс (talk) 06:46, 1 November 2019 (UTC)

 * The fact is that he personally identified as being the progeny of Russian intelligentsia. It seems strange that a linguist would overlook the fact of the root of his name being of Ukrainian origin, but for the purposes of Wikipedia this is original research, just as it is in the Ukrainian Wikipedia entry, if there is only a dictionary definition to back it up the assertion. Whatever the facts are, I don't see them even meeting with WP:WEIGHT. There may be editors who disagree with me, and I'm happy to hear arguments for the inclusion of this fact. Personally, however, I will not go against the person's convictions whether it be a WP:BLP, or the biography of a deceased person. Iryna Harpy (talk) 00:19, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Move info about false military record to top of section.
The reader is lead to believe that the Berlin stationing is true until the last sentence. This is not good practice for a reference media. 2600:8800:5E82:FD00:15E7:E533:D011:3917 (talk) 15:24, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

I came across the fact that his daughter is also an academic
While checking for citations, for the later life section, due to a citation needed tag, I found this page about his daughter Ekaterina Knorozova, who is a Professor at St Petersburg University. I'm not certain if that is considered relevant material to a biography? It feels as if it would be.--ConfusedAndAfraid (talk) 02:19, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Citation needed
"Citation needed" appears 18 times in this article. Either sources need to be added or the article should be pruned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xwedodah (talk • contribs) 04:20, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

Cat
According to several Facebook posts that I have seen, Knorozov kept trying to submit his work with his cat as a coauthor. I have tried to verify that as a fact but I could not find sources that qualify as reliable. Has anyone a reliable source for this fact (if a fact at all)? 80.71.142.166 (talk) 06:01, 16 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Hello! I am your colleague from Wikipedia Russia. There is an amazing interview about Knorozov. Maybe you will find it interesting to watch.
 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4MRWuTebRE Kalisidina (talk) 17:21, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yuri Knorozov


text:
Talk:Rock Star: INXS

Untitled
I revised this article (while watching the show, actually), and removed the cleanup tag. If it is still judged to need cleanup, feel free to readd it.--LucidGA 04:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Aw crap, sadly I dont know what network or time its on. Please help. Redwolf24 01:45, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

It seems to me that this would be better classified as a "talent show" than a "reality show". Thoughts?

 * My thoughts are that it should be classified either as the same thing as American Idol and/or American Idol's genre should change. Idol's genre is currently listed as "Interactive reality game show".  --Eric Jack Nash 16:18, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Jordis Unga Article
Please lock the Jordis Unga Article and it needs a cleanup.

Delete The Jordis Unga Article
Administrator, Please delete the Jordis Unga article and it needs cleanup. Just like J.D. Fortune's article, it also had a cleanup.

Cleanups, contestants
I made some minor changes to some of the contestant pages. Other's articles could be made as many contestants are part of bands popular in their respective club scenes. A simple matter of using the Rock Star pages bios and links, and linking up their band's home pages. Also, was Ty's 'episode' really controversial - or just contrived? Though he made have sincerely believed it, looking back, I don't think they were ever picking a woman either. All they wanted was a Michael Hutchence impersonator, and the international attention all the contestants got may do more for them all than being a part of INXS. And yes, while they had much, much more talent than Idol contestants IMHO, it was a reality show, not to mention a Burnett production. Khirad 07:35, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

A Third Season?
There was an article in the Calgary Herald newspaper today (Friday, March 31, 2006) about open auditions for Rock Star on April 8 in Calgary, Canada. The article stated that this would be the last of 12 North American cities to hold auditions. Does anyone know anything else about the third season? --bigjarom 05:34, 1 April 2006 (UTC) Never mind, that was the last audition for season 2 --bigjarom 08:24, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Seasons
How do we want this article and other articles about other seasons to look? There is already talk about a third season (above). Do we need a new article called "Rock Star" and then from there there could be direction to this one, the INXS season, and the new season, Rock Star: Supernova? Should we look at other popular TV shows to use their "standards" concerning multiple seasons? Please, your thoughts... --Eric Jack Nash 16:14, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

J.D Fortune?
I just wondered something.. Under the contestants section in the Rock Star: INXS section, where it shows their photo/ birthplace/ songs they sang and where they were eliminated...

Theres an error In J.D Fortunes? While he was born in Ontario.. he was raised in Salt Springs, Nova Scotia.. as that is where his mother is from. Should this not be changed? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Quebecois2011 (talk • contribs) 17:50, 14 March 2007 (UTC).

title: Talk:Rock Star: INXS


text:
申

申 may refer to:
 * The ninth of the Earthly Branches
 * Monkey (zodiac), the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac
 * Shēn (surname), a Chinese surname
 * Shin (Korean surname)
 * Abbreviation for Application for employment

title: 申


text:
Talk:Mega Man 8

Untitled
I've updated/upgraded the story for this game, and if anyone feels that it should be changed, feel free to do so! --Yahweh 04:42, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the contribution. Good work. ~ Hibana

Exact years
I noticed you removed the actual number I put in the after 20XX, but the date of 2012 is actually accurate to the date that this game takes place. If you have read my entries for the other Mega Man games you will see that this makes sense. The original "Mega Man" (1987) takes place in 200X and then "Mega Man 2" takes place a couple months later also in 200X, then "Mega Man 3" takes place six months later in 200X and finally "Mega Man 4" takes place a year later in 20XX and so does 5. Anyhow, that would make the first occurance of 20XX the year 2010 since 200X would take place in the first decade of this century. Thus, going backwards, "Mega Man 3" would take place in 2009 (a year before 4) and then "Mega Man 2" and the original take place in 2008 (which is when Capcom said they took place in). The latest game in the Classic series would be "Rockman & Forte" (1998) which was ported as "Mega Man & Bass" (2002), and that would take place in 2013. Of course, Dr. Light worked on Mega Man X in 2014, which goes along with his discovery by Dr. Cain sometime around the year 2114, 100 years later (as per the copyright on his computer in the original "Mega Man X" for the SNES). Just thought you might find that interesting. --Yahweh 04:09, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * 3 is actually in 20XX. Anyway you also keep saying that Rock was built in 2008 which is totally wrong.. the Nobel Prize ceremony for the Robot Master was in 2007 (THIS date, unlike all of yours, IS official), so the first batch of RMs were created before that, Rock included; and this happened in 200X as per 4's opening, which gives us a 7-year window for the creation of Blues, Rock & Roll, and the 6 production-type RMs. --Boco XLVII 15:55, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And, as mentioned, fanon dates, which all of yours are, should not be included! They're unofficial, and you can't cite any source except yourself apparently, so I say they're unencyclopedic. --Shadow Hog 16:16, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Well, one thing though that goes into question would be the fact that in "Mega Man X" (SNES) the copyright on Dr. Cain's computer is 2114 AD, which puts the discovery of X sometime either in that year or slightly thereafter (2115 or 2116...). Originally X was only supposed to be sealed up for 30 years, but he ended up being sealed for 100 years, and it was said that X was the final project of Dr. Light, so wouldn't then X have been sealed in 2014 AD? If, then, the date of 2007 you mentioned is official, then 2007-2014 is the timeline of "Mega Man" events? Unless, of course, you wish to go by the logic that just because Dr. Light created "X" that didn't mean that the battle with Wily was over and that his work with Mega Man was incomplete? --Yahweh 18:23, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

And anyhow, if you think about the fact that "Mega Man 2" says 200X and then, as you say, Mega Man 3 is 20XX, then 20XX must be 2010 or sometime around that date and 200X must then be the late 2000s. Still, I don't remember the date of 20XX showing up story-wise (at least in the manuals with the game) until "Mega Man 5" or MM4, but that's alright. Also, I have not read/heard about the 2007 Nobel Prize for the Robot Master...Where can I read up on that? --Yahweh 18:36, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Quick Change
I figured I'd add my on contribution and add the Opening and Ending theme for the japanese version of the game. Sorry If I coulden't get any info on the group that did the two songs

Robot Masters
I've started a discussion about including Robot Masters in Mega Man articles at the Video Game project talk page. If you have an opinion, please remark here. Lumaga (talk) 06:29, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Rockman 8 FC
Perhaps it could be possible to mention the fanmade "NES" remake of this game, as the article for Mega Man 7 mentions Rockman 7 FC. 68.4.214.54 (talk) 23:12, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
 * If a reputable source mentions it, it can probably be added. ~ Hibana (talk) 23:41, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

Clean up the page
Yeah, I ruined it. But on an impulse...you guys can clean it up. Have some breakfast cereal. 67.82.166.6 (talk) 02:30, 14 March 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Mega Man 8


text:
Linear amplifier

A linear amplifier is an electronic circuit whose output is proportional to its input, but capable of delivering more power into a load. The term usually refers to a type of radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier, some of which have output power measured in kilowatts, and are used in amateur radio. Other types of linear amplifier are used in audio and laboratory equipment. Linearity refers to the ability of the amplifier to produce signals that are accurate copies of the input. A linear amplifier responds to different frequency components independently, and tends not to generate harmonic distortion or intermodulation distortion. No amplifier can provide perfect linearity however, because the amplifying devices—transistors or vacuum tubes—follow nonlinear transfer function and rely on circuitry techniques to reduce those effects. There are a number of amplifier classes providing various trade-offs between implementation cost, efficiency, and signal accuracy.

Explanation
Linearity refers to the ability of the amplifier to produce signals that are accurate copies of the input, generally at increased power levels. Load impedance, supply voltage, input base current, and power output capabilities can affect the efficiency of the amplifier.

Class-A amplifiers can be designed to have good linearity in both single ended and push-pull topologies. Amplifiers of classes AB1, AB2 and B can be linear only when a tuned tank circuit is employed, or in the push-pull topology, in which two active elements (tubes, transistors) are used to amplify positive and negative parts of the RF cycle respectively. Class-C amplifiers are not linear in any topology.

Amplifier classes
There are a number of amplifier classes providing various trade-offs between implementation cost, efficiency, and signal accuracy. Their use in RF applications are listed briefly below:

 * Class-A amplifiers are very inefficient, they can never have an efficiency better than 50%. The semiconductor or vacuum tube conducts throughout the entire RF cycle. The mean anode current for a vacuum tube should be set to the middle of the linear section of the curve of the anode current vs grid bias potential.
 * Class-B amplifiers can be 60–65% efficient. The semiconductor or vacuum tube conducts through half the cycle but requires large drive power.
 * Class AB1 is where the grid is more negatively biased than it is in class A.
 * Class AB2 is where the grid is often more negatively biased than in AB1, also the size of the input signal is often larger. When the drive is able to make the grid become positive the grid current will increase.
 * Class-C amplifiers can be about 75% efficient with a conduction range of about 120°, but they are very nonlinear. They can only be used for non-AM modes, such as FM, CW, or RTTY. The semiconductor or vacuum tube conducts through less than half the RF cycle. The increase in efficiency can allow a given vacuum tube to deliver more RF power than it could in class A or AB. For instance two 4CX250B tetrodes operating at 144 MHz can deliver 400 watts in class A, but when biased into class C they can deliver 1,000 watts without fear of overheating. Even more grid current will be needed.
 * Class-D amplifiers use switching technology to achieve high efficiency, often exceeding 90%, thereby requiring less power to operate, compared with that of other amplifier types. Because of the digital train used to drive the amplifier, many do not consider the Class-D amplifier a linear amplifier, yet many audio and radio manufacturers have incorporated its design into linear applications.

Although class-A power amplifiers (PA) are best in terms of linearity, their efficiency is rather poor as compared with other amplification classes such as “AB”, “C” and Doherty amplifiers. However, higher efficiency leads to higher nonlinearity and PA output will be distorted, often to extent that fails the system performance requirements. Therefore, class-AB power amplifiers or other variations are used with some suitable form of linearization schemes such as feedback, feedforward or analog or digital predistortion (DPD). In DPD power amplifier systems, the transfer characteristics of the amplifier are modeled by sampling the output of the PA and the inverse characteristics are calculated in a DSP processor. The digital baseband signal is multiplied by the inverse of PA nonlinear transfer characteristics, up-converted to RF frequencies and is applied to the PA input. With careful design of PA response, the DPD engines can correct the PA output distortion and achieve higher efficiencies.

With advances in digital signal processing techniques, digital predistortion (DPD) is now widely used for RF power amplifier subsystems. In order for a DPD to function properly the power amplifier characteristics need to be optimal and circuit techniques are available to optimize the PA performance.

Amateur radio
Some commercially manufactured one to two kilowatt linear amplifiers used in amateur radio still use vacuum tubes (valves) and can provide 10 to 20 times RF power amplification (10 to 13 dB). For example, a transmitter driving the input with 100 watts will be amplified to 2,000 watts (2 kW) output to the antenna. Solid state linear amplifiers are more common in the 1000-watt range and can be driven by as little as 5 watts. Modern power devices using LDMOS technology allow for more efficient, cost-effective linear RF power amplifiers for the amateur radio community.

Large vacuum-tube linear amplifiers generally rely on one or more vacuum tubes supplied by a very high voltage power supply to convert large amounts of electrical energy into radio frequency energy. Linear amplifiers need to operate with class-A or class-AB biasing, which makes them relatively inefficient. While class C has far higher efficiency, a class-C amplifier is not linear, and is only suitable for the amplification of constant envelope signals. Such signals include FM, FSK, MFSK, and CW (Morse code).

Broadcast radio stations
The output stages of professional AM radio broadcast transmitters of up to 50 kW need to be linear and are now usually constructed using solid state technologies. Large vacuum tubes are still used for international long, medium, and shortwave broadcast transmitters from 500 kW up to 2 MW.

title: Linear amplifier


text:
User:Jondel/Jews of Amsterdam

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decreto_de_Alhambra

title: User:Jondel/Jews of Amsterdam


text: File:Mario Party Advance Box.jpg

title: File:Mario Party Advance Box.jpg


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John kupczack

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was: Speedily deleted by User:Wile E. Heresiarch. —Stormie 10:37, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

John kupczack
I believe John kupczack is not notable. I cannot find a substantial reference to the name in the media or on the web. --Mysidia 04:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete maclean25 04:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Geogre's Law Sirmob 04:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Radionesiac

This edit: Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. . -- Hoary 04:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. --InShaneee 19:48, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

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A tag has been placed on Tara mccormack, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be a biographical account about a person, group of people, or band, but it does not indicate how or why he/she/they is/are notable. If you can indicate why Tara mccormack is really notable, I advise you to edit the article promptly, and also put a note on Talk:Tara mccormack. Any admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 7 under Articles. You might also want to read our general biography criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. To contest the tagging and request that admins should wait a while for you to assert his/her/their notability, please affix the template  to the page, and then immediately add such an assertion. It is also a very good idea to add citations from reliable sources to ensure that your article will be verifiable. -- Alias Flood 16:57, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Radionesiac


title: User:Mansour1


text:
Chortkiv

Chortkiv (Чортків; Czortków; טשארטקאוו) is a city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Chortkiv Raion, housing the district's local administration buildings. Chortkiv hosts the administration of Chortkiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

Chortkiv is located in the northern part of the historic region of Galician Podolia on the banks of the Seret River.

In the past Chortkiv was the home of many Hasidic Jews; it was a notable shtetl and had a significant number of Jews residing there prior to the Holocaust. Today, Chortkiv is a regional commercial and small-scale manufacturing center. Among its architectural monuments is a fortress built in the 16th and 17th centuries as well as historic wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries.

History
The first historical mention of Chortkiv dates to 1522, when Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted an ownership order for Jerzy Czortkowski over the town and allowed him to name it after himself—Czortków. The small community, numbering at 50 families, were almost all massacred during the Chmielnicki Uprisings of 1648–9. Jewish leadership opposed the resettlement of Jews in Chortkiv until 1705. During that time, the town was also granted Magdeburg rights. However, Chortkiv would later decline in the second half of the 17th century during Ottoman Expansion of central Europe. The town was taken over by Ottoman Empire, whose rule lasted 27 years. It was part of the short-lived Turkish Podolia Eyalet, which lasted from 1672 to 1699. During this period, it was nahiya centre in Yazlofça sanjak as Çortkuv (Spelled as Chortkoov in Turkish). After First Partition of Poland Chortkiv came under Austro-Hungarian rule which lasted from 1772 to 1918, during the time of which it was the center of the Chortkiv Bezirk except brief Russian rule between 1809 and 1815 as part of Tarnopol Governorate. On June 8, 1919 the Ukrainian Galician Army broke for couple months through the Polish front at Chortkiv and began the Chortkiv offensive. Soon afterwards, the town was seized by the Poles. It was ceded to sovereign Poland in the Peace Treaty of Riga between Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine, and remained part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic until the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939.

In 1931, the town had 19,037 inhabitants, 10504 were Polish Roman Catholics, 4860 were Ukrainian and Polish Jews, and 3633 were Ukrainian.

Chortkiv was an important garrison of the Polish Border Defence Corps Brigade "Podole", whose commandant from 1935 to 1938 was General Stefan Rowecki. Furthermore, it was home to the 36th Reserve Infantry Division.

The town was annexed by the Soviet Union from September 17, 1939 until June 1941. Its Polish inhabitants, particularly students of the local high school, organized a failed uprising in January 1940, which would serve as the first Polish uprising of World War II. In the last days of June 1941, following the German invasion of the USSR, the Soviets executed an estimated 100 to 200 prisoners held in the local prison. The remaining prisoners were evacuated further east, either by train or on foot, while hundreds died due to the inhumane conditions of transport or at the hands of guards.

From 1941-1944 Chortkiv was annexed to Nazi Germany. The Jewish residents were persecuted and deported as part of the Holocaust. When the Nazis arrived, they proceeded to execute many of the local Jews, including the family of Charles Schumer, American Senate Majority Leader. The surviving Polish residents of the town were transferred to the Recovered Territories in the immediate postwar period (see Polish population transfers (1944–1946)). After the defeat of the Nazis by the Red Army in 1944, the town returned to Soviet control until in 1991 it became part of independent Ukraine.

Due to heavy destruction of Ternopil, in 1944 Chortkiv served as a regional seat.

In January 1989 the population was 26 681 people.

In January 2013 the population was 29 640 people.

In 2019, at the 40-meter height of the tower of the Saint Stanislaus church in Chortkiv, archaeologist, researcher of fortifications and antiquities Volodymyr Dobrianskyi discovered a detonator of a shrapnel projectile, according to its flight trajectory determined that the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 7th cannon regiments (64 guns) under the command of Ataman Kirill Karas during the Chortkiv offensive (June 7–28, 1919) were stationed in the woods west of the village of Shmankivtsi in the Chortkiv district.

Until 18 July 2020, Chortkiv was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Chortkiv Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Chortkiv Raion.

The former Chortkiv Air Base is located nearby.

Existings

 * Church of the Dormition (1584; wooden; restored in the 1990s);
 * Church of the Ascension (UGCC; 1630; wooden; rebuilt in 1717; restored in 1997);
 * Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (UGCC; 1854; brick);
 * Church of the Intercession (OCU, 1905; brick);
 * Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (OCU; brick);
 * Saint Volodymyr the Great church (under construction since 1993; OCU);
 * Church of the Transfiguration (UGCC; 2007; brick);
 * Saint Michael church (UGCC, 2008; stone);
 * Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul (Buchach Diocese of the UGCC, 2001);
 * one men's monastery (the Convent of the Holy Family) and two women's monasteries (the Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family and the Congregation of the Myrrh-Bearing Sisters) of the UGCC;
 * Saint Stanislaus church (1610; rebuilt in the early XX century; restored in 1989);
 * two Jewish synagogues – the main one (1680s) and the new one (1909; architect Hans Geldkremer);
 * the chapels of Our Lady of Lourdes (1908) and Our Lady of the Cross (2013).

No Longer Existing

 * Church of the Holy Trinity (UGCC; 1607–?);
 * Saint Nicholas church (UGCC; 1714–1801);
 * Basil of Caesarea Monastery (UGCC; 1607–1792).

Notable people

 * Anna Blazhenko (born 1955), Ukrainian journalist
 * Sacha Blonder (André Blondel (painter)) (1909–1949), Ecole de Paris painter
 * Yaromyr Chorpita (born 1944), Ukrainian historian, local historian, educator
 * Oleksii Hunovskyi (1882–1961), Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest, composer, public figure, educator, political prisoner, and head of the Chortkiv District National Council of the ZUNR
 * Halyna Hrytskiv (1937—2016), Ukrainian public and cultural figure, poet, publicist, and Easter egg maker
 * Kateryna Rubchakova (1881–1919), Ukrainian actress and singer
 * Orest Lyzhechka (born 1958), Ukrainian photo artist, photojournalist
 * Waclaw Czerwinski - Polish engineer and pilot, pioneer of Polish gliding,
 * Jerzy Czortkowski, founder of Chortkiv
 * Maria Maciyivska (born 1918), first soprano Leeds Church Toronto, Ontario 1954 - 2008.
 * Bernard Hausner (1874–1938), rabbi, diplomat and member of the Sejm
 * Pinchas Horowitz (1731–1805), rabbi and Talmudist
 * Jerzy Janicki (1928-2007) – Polish writer and reporter,
 * Edward Kmiecik (born 1928) - Polish painter,
 * Ireneusz Opacki (1933-2005) – academic of the Katowice Silesian University, expert on Polish literature,
 * Jerzy Przystawa (born 1939) - Polish scientist, physicist,
 * Alfred Trawinski - major of the Polish Army, doctor and professor of Medicine Academy of Lviv,
 * Tadeusz Wazewski (1896-1972) – Polish scholar, mathematician, professor of Jagiellonian University,
 * Shmelke of Nikolsburg (1746–1778), one of the great early Chasidic Rebbes
 * Ludwik Noss (1848—1913), Austrian government official, philanthropist, public and educational figure; burgomaster of Chortkiv
 * Karl Emil Franzos (1848–1904), Austrian novelist
 * Leopold Levytskyi (1906–1973), Ukrainian painter
 * Vasyl Makhno (born 1964), Ukrainian poet, essayist, and translator
 * Vasyl Marmus (1992—2022), Ukrainian musician, actor, soldier
 * Perla (Penina) Richter Feldschu (1900-1943), Warsaw musicologist, wife of Zionist activist Ruben Feldschu (Ben Shem)
 * Bernard (Berl) Hausner (1874-1938) father of Gideon Hausner. Gideon was the Prosecutor of Adolf Eichmann, and Attorney General of Israel. Bernard was a Rabbi in Lemberg, Polish consul to Palestine, and Zionist.  Migrated to Israel in 1927.
 * Volodymyr Zabolotnyi (born 1960), Ukrainian actor, public and religious figure

authors: Максим Огородник

title: Chortkiv


text:
User:Wikisurfer1

Hi Just to say hi I'm wikipedia surfer.

title: User:Wikisurfer1


text:
User talk:Ems57fcva/sandbox/General relativity 2

Chris's comments
Huge improvement in organization and emphasis! Good job, EMS. I can see some room for minor improvements in wording here and there, but the main comment I have right now is that in the discussion of the four classic tests, it would be nice to try to clearly but concisely separate predictions which are specific to gtr and predictions which are much more general, like red shifting---CH (talk) 04:47, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much.
 * BTW - I have reworked the predictions section somewhat in response to these comments. --EMS | Talk 15:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Mpatel's comments
Very well re-organised. Just a few picky comments:

 * I know there is a link to spacetime, but maybe a few words could be said in this article to explain quickly to the general reader roughly what spacetime is - maybe.
 * I don't see an obvious way of doing that, and it is discussed elsewhere. It is worth thinking about however.

 * I think the statement, 'Instead what we perceive as gravity is a result of our being continuously accelerated by the physical resistance of whatever surface that we are standing on.' needs a little adjustment - a person near a black hole still feels gravity, but the person doesn't necessarily have to be standing on anything - let's not forget a poor, drifting astronaut.
 * Are you thinking of tidal effects? In my opinion, an observer in freefall is not feeling gravity at all, but instead is experiencing it as (s)he watches the ground rise up.

 * 'spacetime is curved by the presence of stress-energy within it' - the link actually takes us to the stress-energy tensor page; perhaps 'spacetime is curved by the presence of matter (energy) within it' would be better for the general reader, as later on it is mentioned that this matter (energy) is described by the stress-energy (energy-momentum) tensor. Btw, should stress-energy be merged into energy-momentum tensor ?
 * Maybe call for a vote on the proper wording of what I now call "stress-energy"? This is one of the weak points in this article, as I am left caught between a need to communicate a fairly abstract concept and the Wikipedia injuction against neologisms.  Your "matter (energy)" will work, but it leaves out momentum.  I myself had thought of using the term "substance" but as best I can tell that use of the word is itself a neologism.
 * As for merging the stress-energy tensor and energy-momentum tensor pages: I like that idea.  Perhaps you should get a discussion going about it on the GR and affected pages.  (BTW - A reference to the 4-momentum, which is another energy-momentum tensor is needed in the merged page.)

 * The geodesic equation is described on a separate page called geodesic - maybe you already knew that, and you wanted to write something more detailed on the geodesic equation, in which case, ignore this comment. I still think the geodesic equation has a + sign :).
 * Equation fixed.

 * Some thought is needed on what to do about the geodesic equation link. I want that to be the link.  However, that stub needs to either be redirected to geodesic or turned into a real article.  Another idea is to do a geodesic equation (general relativity) article, as there are details to that which may not be appropriate to a more general article.  However, these are just ideas at this time.

 * The fact that (1) matter/energy curves spacetime and (2) inertial motion occurs along timelike geodesics have been mentioned separately - I really think that it's important to mention somewhere that there is, strictly speaking, an approximation being made when using the geodesic equation - e.g., in exterior Schwarzschild, planetary motion is assumed to be dictated by the geodesic equation, but only because the local curvature of spacetime created by the planet can be ignored (compared to that created by the star) - or, to put it another way, the energy-momentum tensor for the planet is miniscule and dwarfed by that of the star, so it can be ignored.
 * I think that this is a level of detail that is inappropriate to this article.

 * In relation to the previous comment, I thought the medicine ball - ping-pong ball - trampoline analogy was a good one to keep in the article (probably because I included it :)) - it's very illustrative and helps the general reader to visualise the image better.
 * See the previous response. Perhaps you would like to create the inertial motion as geodesic motion article and mention it there?

 * Perhaps I read the article too quickly, but I think there should be a link to the equivalence principle page - I know it's mentioned implicitly in the article.
 * Good point. See the modified section on fundamental principles.

 * After that onslaught of criticisms, now for a positive comment - I really like the section on coordinate vs physical acceleration ! ---Mpatel 10:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you much. It is good to know that that innovation is approved of.  I also thank you for all of your comments.  --EMS | Talk 15:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Pdn's comments
This part very early on is misleading: "Instead what we perceive as gravity is a result of our being continuously accelerated by the physical resistance of whatever surface that we are standing on."

I agree it is true for many cases. But in weak-field cases with Minkowskian or, e.g. Friedmann boundary conditions at infinity in space, we get the weak-field case which looks and acts (but does not quack) like Newtonian theory. One is not standing anyplace where the quoted remark applies. Pdn 17:34, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Since you are not the first to comment on this I will clarify it: "... we here on the surface of the Earth perceive as the force of gravity ...". Hopefully that will alleviate the concerns being expressed.

 * I changed that part of the intro a little more than expected. I occurred to me that the article could be written read by an astronaut, or even someone in an airplane.  I figured that making the write-up a little more explicit would not hurt. --EMS | Talk 19:54, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

This part is wrong:"The general principle of relativity: The laws of physics must be the same for all observers (accelerated or not)." Here you are referring to the old idea of Newtonian acceleration and considering only cases where gravity is the only "accelerating" force. If you attach a mini-lab to a bunji cord and set the whole in motion, normal physics does not apply in that lab. The item should read: "The general principle of relativity: The laws of physics must be the same for all unaccelerated observers (where we do not consider motion under gravity an acceleration)" or ""The general principle of relativity: The laws of physics must be the same in all freely falling (inertial) reference systems." Pdn 17:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Here I will stand my ground. The general principle of relativity is as stated.  It was very much Einstein's goal to achieve that.  You need to take a global view here:  How distant objects behave with respect to my coordinate system is governed by the same covaraint laws whether I am being accelerated or not.  For example, even at the other end of a space capsule, objects are being accelerated with respect to an astronaut because of tidal effects, and that is covered by GR.

 * What you are quoting is the strong equivalence principle. Under Schiff's conjecture that implies GR.  However, in my mind what is important is that the underlying rules:  geodesic motion, energy-momentum conservation, the laws of electromagnetism, etc., are all expressed the same way for the whole of spacetime independent of whether the observer is being accelerated or not, as demonstrated in those links.  All that being accelerated changes is the operative metric of spacetime.
 * --EMS | Talk 19:45, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * P.S. See Mpatel's comment below. --EMS | Talk 15:36, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Changes moved
A robot has changed the interwiki links for this article in the article space. I have moved those changes over. --EMS | Talk 02:59, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Another robot!
First of all, I think that I should thank everyone else for laying off of the GR page while I have been making and with your help finalizing the rewrite. Now if only we could clue in these "robots"!

Actually the latest change has already been made in the rewrite. So we are ahead of the robots, even though the log will not reflect that. --EMS | Talk 03:35, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Mpatel's comments 2

 * There is actually a page geodesic (general relativity).
 * Tweaked a link to use that article. However, what was being discussed above was the geodesic equation.  That is still an issue.

 * I still believe that the balls and trampoline analogy should be kept here for the reason that it is illustrative and intuitively obvious. I agree about not going into details about ignoring curvature of relatively small bodies in this article. We can just mention that the idea that spacetime is curved can be visualised in this way - I feel strongly about this, as it's (one of) the most basic physical assumption(s) of GR and thus should be emphasised emphatically. I'm not convinced that just saying 'spacetime is curved by the presence of stress-energy' is sufficient for non-specialists to understand intutively what this means - which is why I think a little clarification of the meaning of spacetime here is necessary: maybe we can say that spacetime (consists of events and for the purposes of illustration) can be viewed as a flexible 'sheet' and then refer to the image, but the balls and trampoline analogy should help with intuition.
 * Then I tell you what: Draft a "Spacetime as a curved Lorentzian manifold" subsection and place it just after the Fundamental Principles subsection.  Let's try it and see if it will work.  All that I ask is that you make the changes here.  I don't want multiple versions of this rewrite floating around needing to be merged.

 * Just noticed something in 'Fundamental Principles': "the principle of general covariance: the laws of physics must be the same in all coordinate systems" can be clarified to ": ... laws of physics must take the same form in all coordinate systems" - I think this clarifies general covariance, as previously it was hardly any different from the GPR (if the laws are the same for all observers, then clearly observers who make measurements to test these laws must use a given coordinate system and the laws are still physically the same - e.g. Maxwell's equations - whichever CS is used; but "take the same form" clarifies the covariance principle slightly, as it refers to the mathematical form of the laws - e.g. replace partial derivatives by covariant ones in Maxwell's equations). I think what I am trying to say is that GPR leans more towards the physics and PGC leans more towards the maths.
 * Done. It looks good.

 * I totally agree - "the same form" - that means the equations are generally covariant, but it does not mean that measurements are independent of acceleration. Pdn 16:07, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Agree with EMS on general principle of relativity as Einstein stated it.
 * Thanks.

 * What is Schiff's conjecture ?
 * This involves the strong equivalence principle. The strong equivalence principle states that all objects, even self-gravitating objects, will fall the same in the gravitational field of another object (if the effects of the first object on the second one are ignored).  In essense, at any point in it's orbit the Earth's center of mass follows the same path as a ping-pong ball would given the position of the Sun for that event.
 * Schiff's conjecture is that only Einstein's general relativity has this behavior. Therefore a proof that the strong equivalence principle is true would mean that general relativity is true. --EMS | Talk 15:18, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

New section
Mpatel -

Thanks for creating the new section. I have expanded it somewhat and turned part of the introduction into a link to it. Both were done to integrate it fully into the artcile.

I will admit that I find it a bit wordy, but overall see your writeup as being a positive addition to this article. I may delete the last sentence since that point is being covered adequately elsewhere. --EMS | Talk 17:49, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Periapsis precession text
Pdn's added text (added when the text refered to "perihelion precession" instead of "periapsis precession"), which came after the words "binary pulsar":
 * , (in which case it is called periastron precession, since "helios" refers to our Sun)

This is a good point. However, I think a found a more compact way of dealing with it. --EMS | Talk 14:38, 18 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Infrared Roses

Infrared Roses is a live compilation album by the Grateful Dead. It is a conglomeration of their famous improvisational segments "Drums" and "Space".

Somewhere in the middle of the second set of a Grateful Dead concert came a period of musical improvisation, usually 5 to 15 minutes, sometimes longer. This part of the concert is commonly referred to as "Space," and came right after a drum solo or duet. Infrared Roses is a compilation of these performances. There are no recognizable songs from the band's repertoire on this release (although a theme from "Uncle John's Band" appears at the start of "Riverside Rhapsody," "Infrared Roses" finishes with the band starting to play "I Need a Miracle," and "Magnesium Night Light" includes a quote of the opening theme of "Dark Star"). Robert Hunter, lyricist with the Grateful Dead, created the names of the tracks for the album. The album cover is by Jerry Garcia, who at the time was creating digital art.

Music from Infrared Roses was used as the soundtrack for the 18-minute Grateful Dead video Infrared Sightings.

Track listing
Musicians listed in order of appearance on each track. and in no particular order
 * 1) "Crowd Sculpture" (Bralove) – 2:21
 * 2) * Deadheads
 * 3) "Parallelogram" (Hart, Kreutzmann) – 5:06
 * 4) * Bill Kreutzmann - Trap Drums Left, Mickey Hart - Trap Drums Right
 * 5) * Mickey Hart - Beast (Large Drums) and Beam
 * 6) * Bill Kreutzmann - Timbales
 * 7) "Little Nemo in Nightland" (Bralove, Garcia, Lesh, Weir) – 6:16
 * 8) * Bob Weir - Guitar
 * 9) * Jerry Garcia - Guitar
 * 10) * Phil Lesh - Bass
 * 11) "Riverside Rhapsody" (Garcia, Hart, Kreutzmann, Lesh, Mydland, Weir) – 3:55
 * 12) * Jerry Garcia - Guitar
 * 13) * Bob Weir - Guitar
 * 14) * Phil Lesh - Bass
 * 15) * Brent Mydland - Keyboards
 * 16) * Bill Kreutzmann - Drums
 * 17) * Mickey Hart - Drums and Electronic Percussion
 * 18) "Post-Modern Highrise Table Top Stomp" (Garcia, Green, Hart, Kreutzmann, Lesh, Mydland, Weir) – 4:23
 * 19) * Stereo Left ← Stereo Center ↓  Stereo Right→
 * 20) * Willie Green III - Kick Snare Hat ↓
 * 21) * Bill Kreutzmann - Roto Toms ←
 * 22) * Mickey Hart - Talking Drums →
 * 23) * Jerry Garcia - Electronic Percussion (Cow Bells, Shakers, Drums) ↓,→
 * 24) * Bob Weir - Midi Guitar: Marimba ←,↓
 * 25) * Phil Lesh - Bass ↓
 * 26) * Brent Mydland - Midi Keyboard (Rattles, Shakers, Toms) ↓
 * 27) "Infrared Roses" (Bralove, Garcia, Lesh, Mydland, Weir) – 5:36
 * 28) * Brent Mydland - Keys and Synth ("Outerspace FX", Voices, Piano)
 * 29) * Phil Lesh - Bass and Synth (Trombone, FilterSweeps, French horn, Strings, Bells)
 * 30) * Bob Weir - Guitar and Synths (Bells, Glockenspiel, Vibes)
 * 31) * Jerry Garcia - Guitar and Synths (Trumpet, Mandolin, Voices, Strings)
 * 32) "Silver Apples of the Moon" (Hornsby, Welnick) – 5:41
 * 33) * Bruce Hornsby - Piano and Synths (Strings, Vibes)
 * 34) * Vince Welnick - Synths (Voices, Strings, Rattles, Organ, Bells)
 * 35) "Speaking in Swords" (Bralove, Hart, Kreutzmann)  – 3:29
 * 36) * Mickey Hart - Beam and Electronic Percussion
 * 37) * Bill Kreutzmann - Electronic Percussion
 * 38) "Magnesium Night Light" (Garcia, Lesh, Mydland, Weir)  – 5:28
 * 39) * Jerry Garcia - Guitars and Synths (Trumpet, Strings)
 * 40) * Bob Weir - Guitar and Synths (Bells, Marimbas, Vibes)
 * 41) * Phil Lesh - Bass and Synths (Bass Fuzz, Filter Sweep, Bells)
 * 42) * Brent Mydland - Keys and Synths (FX, Piano, Electric Piano)
 * 43) "Sparrow Hawk Row" (Bralove, Garcia, Healy, Hart, Kreutzmann, Lesh, Mydland, Weir) – 3:23
 * 44) * Dan Healy - Processing
 * 1) * Jerry Garcia - Guitar
 * 2) * Bob Weir - Guitar
 * 3) * Phil Lesh - Bass
 * 4) * Brent Mydland - Keys
 * 5) * Mickey Hart & Bill Kreutzmann - Drums
 * 6) "River of Nine Sorrows" (Bralove, Hart, Kreutzmann) – 4:25
 * 7) * Mickey Hart - Electronic Percussion, Synths (Bird Whistles, Woodblocks, Log Drum)
 * 8) * Bill Kreutzmann - Drums, Electronic Percussion, Synths (Gongs, Congas, Woodblocks, Electronic Toms)
 * 9) * Bob Bralove - Drum Machine Sequencing
 * 10) "Apollo at the Ritz" (Garcia, Hart, Kreutzmann, Lesh, Marsalis, Mydland, Weir) – 8:15
 * 11) * Jerry Garcia - Guitar and Synths (Church Bell, Flute, Double Reed and lots more)
 * 12) * Phil Lesh - Bass and Synths (Bass Flute)
 * 13) * Branford Marsalis - Tenor and Soprano Sax
 * 14) * Bob Weir - Guitar and Synths (Trumpet Section)
 * 15) * Brent Mydland - Keys
 * 16) * Mickey Hart & Bill Kreutzmann - Drums

Personnel
Grateful Dead Additional musicians Production
 * Jerry Garcia – drums, guitar, synthesizer
 * Bob Weir – guitar, marimba, synthesizer
 * Phil Lesh – bass guitar, synthesizer
 * Brent Mydland – keyboards, rattles, synthesizer, tom-tom
 * Vince Welnick – synthesizer
 * Bruce Hornsby – piano, keyboards
 * Bill Kreutzmann – drums
 * Mickey Hart – drums
 * Deadheads on "Crowd Sculpture"
 * Willie Green III – kick, snare, hat on "Post-Modern Highrise Table Top Stomp"
 * Dan Healy – processing on "Sparrow Hawk Row"
 * Bob Bralove – drum machine on "River of Nine Sorrows"
 * Branford Marsalis – saxophone on "Apollo At The Ritz"
 * Produced by Bob Bralove
 * Mixing engineer: Jeffrey Norman
 * Multi-track recording engineer: John Cutler
 * 2-track recording: Dan Healy, Bob Bralove
 * Digital mastering: Joe Gastwirt
 * Synthesizer programming: Bob Bralove
 * Cover art: Jerry Garcia
 * Art direction: Amy F.

Recording dates
Although the editing techniques used for this album make it nearly impossible to identify all of the concerts used, some dates are identifiable. Some tracks may include material from other concerts in addition to those listed.

 * "Parallelogram" recorded at JFK Stadium on July 7, 1989 (complete show later released on Crimson White & Indigo)
 * "Riverside Rhapsody" recorded at Giants Stadium on July 10, 1989 (complete show later released on Giants Stadium 1987, 1989, 1991)
 * "Post-Modern Highrise Table Top Stomp" recorded at Oakland Coliseum on December 28, 1989
 * "Infrared Roses" recorded at Nassau Coliseum on March 30, 1990 (complete show later released on Spring 1990)
 * "Magnesium Night Light" recorded at Hampton Coliseum on October 9, 1989 (complete show later released on Formerly the Warlocks. Also used for the video Backstage Pass)
 * "River of Nine Sorrows" and "Apollo at the Ritz" recorded at Nassau Coliseum on March 29, 1990 (complete show later released on Wake Up to Find Out)

title: Infrared Roses


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject help desk/join

What does it mean to JOIN?

In today's context, it means expecting to be a part of something - like say a movement or a revolution. Over the Internet, we rely mostly on text and HyperText to get to know each other. Our face-to-face friends off-screen sometimes think we've flipped our lids to think we're part of something real. In a way, they have a point. The difference between the effort we expend on these WikiProjects and the value they may or may not return is up to us, and our commitment to stay with it.

The WikiProject category contains an oodle of projects with only one or two members and a scad of projects that have had no activity in a year. Those are about to be set aside to make room for a new initiative to get all the active projects moving forward together; this effort is not for the faint of heart. You will be expected to participate, ask questions, run scripts, automatons, and bots. You'll develop an understanding of how the databases work, how to operate on remote copies of the data, synchronize and backup data design, and build interfaces, querys, and reports; many of you may know that drill too. The good thing is that if you join this crew, you'll receive help as we all learn to improve the MediaWiki/Wikipedia way of doing things and our understanding of it. The world expects good things from us because we expect ourselves to be the best at what we do.

Did I mention this is not for the faint of heart? Quinobi 04:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject help desk/join


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Syndicate Bank

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 00:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Syndicate Bank
Copy and Paste from its website.
 * Delete maclean25 04:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio, and ad. Dcarrano 06:03, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as copyvio (if we delete it here instead of the copyvio department next door, it will be gone sooner. ) jni 06:10, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising, copyvio. JamesBurns 08:34, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvios should be handled at WP:CP--this is policy. If you don't like the policy, work to change it instead of circumventing it. --Tabor 18:08, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Wikisurfer1

Hi so what do you want to talk about?

If you've reached here, then please just leave a message saying something like hi.

title: User talk:Wikisurfer1


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Definition of Insanity

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 00:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Definition of Insanity
Delete, non-notable website, advertising Atratus 04:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Delete, as per Atratus -maclean25 04:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 06:03, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Atratus. --Benna 07:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable website advertising. JamesBurns 08:35, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Insanity. Would be a moderately useful redirect and then this would be less likely to happen again. gren
 * Delete and recreate as a redirect to insanity. -- BD2412 talk 17:54, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, then redirect per above. Xoloz 03:53, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I was very surprised this was about a website (and nothing more) rather than legal or psychiatric diagnosis. Peter Grey 16:10, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Iron Triangle (Vietnam)

More than one "Iron Triangle"?
There appears to be more than one "Iron Triangle" in Vietnam. In Truong Nhu Tang, A Viet Cong Memoir, he discusses (pp. 156, Chapter 13) the PRG being located in the "Iron Triangle" (his term) along the Vam Co River on the Cambodian border. Maybe the Viet Cong used the term for this area, and the US used it for the area near Saigon? Anyonw have any explanation? Noel (talk) 04:49, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Korean "Iron Triangle" ?
I remember hearing somewhere about an "Iron Triangle" in Korea during the Korean war. Anyone know anything about this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.19.241.83 (talk) 05:04, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Edit: Found this documentary segment about it: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dF5hCymeihc  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.19.241.83 (talk) 05:09, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Link to C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_tunnels?
I think there should be a link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_tunnels in this article. Kevink707 (talk) 17:59, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * There is mention with link now. NorthCoastReader (talk) 01:23, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iron Triangle (Vietnam)


text:
PRG

PRG can mean:
 * Parti radical de gauche (Radical Party of the Left), France
 * Paul Roos Gymnasium, school in Stellenbosch, South Africa
 * Post/Redirect/Get, in web applications
 * prg, ISO 639-3 language code for the Old Prussian language
 * Václav Havel Airport Prague, IATA code
 * Programming Research Group, Oxford University 1965-2011
 * Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, Viet Cong party
 * People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)
 * Pseudorandom generator, of deterministic but pseudorandom numbers
 * .prg is a file format used for Commodore 64 software

title: PRG


text:
Talk:Infraspecies

WP:RM
It was suggested that this article should be renamed infraspecies. The vote is shown below:
 * The formation of the term infrasubspecies is not in line with the other taxa, and "google" hits for the former are 9000 whilst for the latter are 500. 132.205.45.110 04:50, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. violet/riga (t) 19:51, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Infraspecies


text:
Talk:Morrisania, Bronx

Pronounciation
Morrisania is pronounced {morris-say-niah}

Boundaries
I'm not confused by the boundaries of Morrisania, given in this article. If you set Crotona-Prospect Avenues as the eastern boundaries, then Charlotte Str. would be included, like it is mentioned further down in the article. If the Grand Concourse really is the western boundary, then Morrisania wouldnt stretch beyond the borders of the Bronx Community Board 3, which only goes to the Park-Webster Avenues. On morrisania.com I found the alternate boundaries Cross Bronx Expressway, Crotona Park North, Southern Boulevard, Westchester Avenue, 161st Street, Brook Avenue, and Webster Avenue. Does anyone know an answer for this differing information? Thank You. Thomas 217.232.143.229 17:22, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Charlotte Street is east of Crotona-Prospect Avenues in Crotona Park East or East Morrisania. The western boundary is Webster Avenue, there is a huge shift in elevation at that point. Wikiwiki718 (talk) 02:20, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Junked car??
I'm not saying it's the upper east side but the junked car image is over the top. It's not the kind of thing you see every day and I think that image should be removed. It's like an image from the 1970s! Objections? futurebird 13:42, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree you will find numerous stripped and damaged cars on the more desolate streets like Park Avenue and in vacant lots. The photograph is representative of the lack of maintenance and trash pick up in the area. Trash in general is widespread across the community. It's not the 1970's it's present day and unfortunate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikiwiki718 (talk • contribs) 03:02, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

On which street has the picture with the junked car been taken? Thank you —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.174.62.94 (talk) 15:41, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Park Avenue. Wikiwiki718 (talk) 09:14, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

I have more of an issue with the statement, "Many single mothers had their children at a very young age and could not provide for them." This discriminates against single and young mothers. The neighborhood IS plagued by many social problems, but why must be attribute it to young, single mothers? What about the quality of the schools in the neighborhood and sanitation problems, perhaps lack of access to affordable healthcare? There are always underlying social causes to social problems...blaming it on individuals is not neutral or factually based. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.108.55.31 (talk) 02:05, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Outdated article
A lot of the information in this article is incorrect. In the past two years the neighborhood has undergone gentrification and there are very few abandoned buildings or vacant stores left. The photograph in no way represents what the area is like today! 209.247.22.164 (talk) 15:46, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

The area is not gentrified but undergoing revitalization. Restoring lost housing stock in the form of affordable housing. Gentrification is very different, there is very little displacement and very little change in demographics minus population. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.204.10.97 (talk) 02:13, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Although the area has undergone revitalization, there are still vacant lots and abandoned buildings. There are significant other aesthetic/public problems in the neighborhood, including decaying infrastructure and pollution. I see it every day. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.108.55.31 (talk) 02:02, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Part of the article says the following For decades Morrisania has been one of the richest communities in America. This statement does not agree with the rest of the article, which strongly suggests that there is still a large population in low income —Preceding unsigned comment added by Figelnoster (talk • contribs) 23:27, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Morrisania, Bronx. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150525030524/http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/home/home.shtml to http://www.nyc.gov/html/nycha/html/home/home.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:19, 5 February 2018 (UTC)

Boundaries and population
Why does it say the neighborhood only has 16,863 residents? That can't be accurate an I would estimate that in the housing projects alone you have more people than that. This contradicts in the demographics section where it says as of the 2010 Census there were 37,865 people.

Also, the boundaries are confusing. What is Morrisania? What is no longer Morrisania? What is "East Morrisania"? Things get very confusing between Melrose, Longwood, Claremont, Concourse.74.88.70.214 (talk) 01:42, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

Newspaper
This newspaper appears to have been published there. FloridaArmy (talk) 22:40, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morrisania, Bronx


text:
List of Jains

Jain is the title and name given to an adherent of Jainism. The term has its origin in the Sanskrit term jina ("conqueror" or "victor"). This article lists prominent individuals who have self-identified as a follower of Jainism.

Ascetics

 * Shrimad Rajchandra – Jain saint, scholar and poet
 * Bhadrabahu – last (knower of all Jain Agamas) and spiritual teacher of Emperor Chandragupta
 * Kumudendu Muni – author of Siribhoovalaya
 * Kundakunda – Jain scholar monk, 2nd century CE, composer of spirituals such as Samayasara, Niyamasara, Pancastikayasara, Pravacanasara, Atthapahuda and Barasanuvekkha
 * Pujyapada- Acharya Pujyapada (philosopher monk)
 * Siddhasena Divakara – Jain monk and author of Sanmatitarka Prakarana
 * Virasena – 9th-century mathematician
 * Hiravijaya – influential Jain monk, title 'jagatguru' (influenced mughal Emperor Akbar)
 * Yashovijay- "Nyayvisharad", "Nyayacharya" influenced masses through writings, mastery on logics 17th century Jain Sadhu
 * Kanji Swami - Known as Koh-i-Noor of Kathiawar, prominent Digamber teacher
 * Acharya Anand Rishiji – Rashtra Sant & Acharya of Shwetambar Sthānakavāsī Jain Shraman Sangh
 * Acharya Shri Mahapragya – 10th Acharya of Terapanth sect
 * Acharya Shantisagar – 20th century Digambara Acharya
 * Sushil Kumar – 20th-century Acharya and yogi; spread Jainism outside India
 * Jinendra Varni—Author of Jainendra Siddhanta Kosha and Saman Suttam compilation
 * Prabhācandra—11th century CE Digambara monk

Business leaders

 * Gautam Adani – chairman and founder of Adani Group
 * Vinod Adani -. Dubai-based Indian billionaire businessman. brother of gautam adani
 * Ashwin Dani – of Asian Paints
 * Balvant Parekh – founder of Pidilite Industries (Fevicol)
 * Manu Chandaria -. a Kenyan businessman
 * Walchand Hirachand – industrialist and the founder of the Walchand group. He established India's first modern shipyard, first aircraft factory and first car factory in india
 * Seth Hukumchand – Cotton King of India
 * Ajit Jain – Indian-American business executive
 * Anshu Jain – Indian-born British business executive
 * Bhavarlal Jain – Chairman of Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.
 * Tarang Jain - billionaire businessman, the CEO and owner of Varroc, an Indian two- and four-wheeler parts manufacturer
 * Shantidas Jhaveri – businessman during Mughal Era
 * Kasturbhai Lalbhai – founders of Arvind (company) & Atul (company)(1931)
 * Mangal Lodha – owner of Lodha Group, Mumbai
 * Rajesh Mehta - Indian billionaire businessman owner and executive chairman of the jewellery company Rajesh Exports.
 * Sanjiv Mehta -  An India-born British businessman. He is the owner of "the East India company"
 * Motilal Oswal – founder, chairman and managing director of Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd (MOFSL)
 * Hasmukhbhai Parekh- Founder of HDFC bank
 * Thakkar Pheru – treasurer of Alauddin Khalji
 * Raja Harsukh Rai – builder of several Jain temples in and around Delhi
 * Premchand Roychand – founding member of The Bombay Stock Exchange
 * Subhash Runwal -. an Indian real estate entrepreneur, founder and chairman of Runwal Group
 * Ambalal Sarabhai – Sarabhai group of Companies
 * Binod Sethi – a businessman who founded the Reliable Products Ltd and social worker, philanthropist
 * Jagat Seth – India's richest man during Mughals and British Rule
 * Sahu Todar – supervisor of the royal mint at Agra during the rule of Akbar
 * Virji Vora - World Richest Indian During Mughal and British Rule

Indian independence struggle

 * Daulat Mal Bhandari – Gandhian, first Member of Parliament from Jaipur, later Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court
 * Ajit Prasad Jain - (1902-1977) Union Minister UP congress president, Governor of Kerala and four-time member of parliament
 * Jagdish Chandra Jain – Indian independence activist
 * Lakshmi Chand Jain – Independence activist
 * Mool Chand Jain – often referred to as "Gandhi of Haryana"
 * Lala Lajpat Rai – Indian independence activist
 * Ambalal Sarabhai – Indian independence activist
 * Mridula Sarabhai – Indian independence activist
 * Pandit Arjun Lal Sethi - Indian independence activist
 * Seth Achal Singh - Indian independence activist later 5 time M P From Agra

Constitutional office-holders

 * Daulat Mal Bhandari - former chief justice of Rajasthan High court
 * D. K. Jain - Former Chief Justice of Punjab & Haryana High court and former Judge of supreme court
 * Karam Chand Jain - first Legal Advisor of the War & Supply Department of India and Special Police Establishment (SPE), which later developed into the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
 * Milap Chand Jain - Former chief justice of Delhi high court
 * Mahesh Kumar Jain - Deputy governor of Reserve Bank of India
 * Nagendra Kumar Jain Former Chief Justice of Karnataka High court Former Chief Justice of Madras High court Former Chairman of Rajasthan State Human rights Commission and Former Chairman of Himachal Pradesh State Human Rights Commission Former Lokayukta of Himachal Pradesh
 * Rajiv Jain - Former Director of Intelligence Bureau
 * Vineet Kothari - former Acting Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court. He is Former Judge of Madras High Court, Karnataka High Court and Rajasthan High Court.[1]
 * Rajendra Mal Lodha - 41st Chief Justice of India
 * S. Sripal -  Former DGP (Director General of Police ) in Tamil Nadu Police

Monarchs

 * Amoghavarsha – Rashtrakuta Emperor (Karnataka), India
 * Veera Ballala – Hoysala king from Malenadu Karnataka, India
 * Bhamashah – adviser of Maharana Pratap hero of Mewar (Rajasthan).
 * Bhoja II - Shilahara King
 * Bimbisara - Ruler of Haryanka dynasty
 * Chavundaraya - General of Ganga dynasty ruler Marsinha who built the Gomateshwara, Shravanabelagola, Karnataka, India
 * Dridhaprahara - Seuna (Yadava) dynasty Founder Ruler of deccan india
 * Abbakka Chowta – Queen of Ullal
 * Rani Chennabhairadevi - longest ruling queen in Indian history
 * Durvinita – Western Ganga king (Western Ganga Dynasty), Karnataka, India
 * Kharavela – Kalinga Emperor (Kalinga is today known as Orissa)
 * Kumarapala – Solanki King
 * Mahendravarman I - Pallava Emperor
 * Avakinnayo Karakandu - Kalinga Emperor in 9th century BCE
 * Chandragupta Maurya - Founder of maurya Empire
 * Dhana Nanda - Nanda dynasty ruler
 * Nandivarman III - Pallava Emperor ( Disciple of Jinasena Acharya)
 * Samprati – Mauryan Emperor

Politicians

 * Pradeep Jain Aditya. - politician from Uttar Pradesh
 * Kallappa Awade - politician from Maharashtra
 * Sunder Singh Bhandari – politician from Rajasthan
 * Pramod Jain Bhaya - politician from Rajasthan
 * Dharamchand Chordia - politician from Maharashtra
 * Vijay J. Darda - politician from Maharashtra
 * Dilipkumar Gandhi – politician from Maharasthra
 * Mishrilal Gangwal – politician from Madhya Pradesh, chief minister of Madhya Bharat state from 1952 to 1955
 * Abhayachandra Jain – politician from Karnataka
 * Anil Jain - politician from Uttar Pradesh
 * Anil Jain - politician from Madhya Pradesh
 * Ajit Prasad Jain - politician from uttar pradesh
 * Babulal Jain - politician from madhya pradesh
 * Ishwarlal Jain - politician from Maharashtra
 * Geeta Bharat Jain - politician from Maharashtr
 * Kavita Jain - politician from haryana
 * Leena Sanjay Jain - politician from madhya pradesh
 * Mewaram Jain - politician from Rajasthan
 * Milap Chand Jain- politician from Rajasthan
 * Mool Chand Jain - politician from haryana
 * Nirmal Chandra Jain- politician from Madhya Pradesh
 * Nishank Kumar Jain. - politician from madhya pradesh
 * Paras Chandra Jain - politician from madhya pradesh
 * Rajiv Jain - politician From haryana
 * Satyendra Kumar Jain - politician from Delhi
 * Soumini Jain - politician from Kerala
 * Sudha Jain - politician from madhya pradesh
 * Surendra Jain - politician from haryana
 * Suresh Jain - politician from Jalgaon, Maharashtra
 * Virdhi Chand Jain – politician from Rajasthan
 * M. P. Veerendra Kumar-politician from Kerala
 * V. Dhananjaya Kumar – politician from Karnataka
 * Lilavati Munshi - politician from Gujarat
 * Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale – politician from Maharashtra
 * Gyanchand Parakh - politician from Rajasthan
 * Sunder Lal Patwa – politician from Madhya Pradesh
 * A. Rajendran – politician from Tamil Nadu
 * Vijay Rupani – politician from Gujarat, chief minister of Gujarat 2016 – 2021.
 * Om Prakash Sakhlecha - politician from Madhya Pradesh
 * Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha – politician from Madhya Pradesh
 * Harsh Sanghavi – politician from Gujarat
 * Prakash Chandra Sethi - politician from Madhya Pradesh Chief minister of MP 1972-75
 * Raju Shetti - politician from Maharashtra
 * Dhirubhai Shah - politician from Gujarat
 * Seth Achal Singh - politician from Uttar Pradesh
 * L. M. Singhvi – politician from Rajasthan
 * Mohan Lal Sukhadia – politician from Rajasthan Chief minister of Rajasthan, 1967 – 1971, 1954 – 1967
 * Bhupendrabhai Patel, chief mininister of Gujarat since 2021.

Entertainment

 * K. C. Bokadia - producer
 * Tarachand Barjatya – producer
 * Sanjay Leela Bhansali - Director and Producer
 * Mohit Daga - actor
 * Bhavya Gandhi – actor (famous Tapu role in Taarak Mehta ka Ooltah Chashmah)
 * Abigail Jain – actress
 * Abhishek Jain - director
 * Ashok Kumar Jain – host
 * Chandulal Jain – producer
 * Champak Jain - producer
 * Ekta Jain -. Actress
 * Ganesh Jain - producer
 * Garima Jain - actress
 * Jainendra Jain (screenwriter) - movies writer
 * Madan Jain – actor
 * Meet Jain. - singer
 * Mrunal Jain - actor
 * Nivedita Jain – Kannada film actress
 * Palak Jain. -. Actress
 * Ravindra Jain – music director
 * Rahul Jain - singer and composer
 * Shraman Jain - actor
 * Sourabh Raaj Jain - actor
 * Srishti Jain - Actress
 * Sunny Jain - American musician
 * Umang Jain - actress
 * Uppekha Jain - actress
 * Shailesh Lodha -. Actor and Poet
 * Taarak Mehta - writer
 * Vikalp Mehta -Mimicry artist, Performer
 * Shael Oswal - singer
 * Darsheel Safary – actor
 * Vipul D. Shah - director and producer
 * Babla Virji Shah – music performer, singer
 * Kalyanji Virji Shah, music director
 * Kiran Shah- actor
 * V. Shantaram – filmmaker, film producer and actor

Sports

 * Phadeppa Dareppa Chaugule – marathon runner
 * Anju Jain - Indian international cricketer
 * Karu Jain - Indian international cricketer
 * Himanshu Jain - Indian snooker player

Authors

 * Ilango Adigal (Jain monk)
 * Banarasidas – poet, spiritualist and thinker; composed the Banarasivilasa, Nataka Samayasara and his magnum opus, Ardhakathanaka, the first autobiography in Hindi literature
 * Virchand Gandhi – represented Jainism in parliament of world religions held at Chicago in 1893, delivered 535 speeches in USA and Europe, and initiated education of Indian women in USA under banner of SEWI
 * Bhagchandra Jain – scholar of Jainism, Buddhism and ancient languages.; recipient of the President's (Rastrapati) Award; has written over 40 books and published more than 300 research papers
 * Champat Rai Jain – influential Jain writer and apologist of the 20th century
 * Padmanabh Jaini – author, Professor Emeritus Berkeley University
 * Pankaj Jain
 * Janna – earliest Kannada poet and contributor to Kannada literature
 * Jainendra Kumar
 * Jhaverchand Meghani – Gujarati poet
 * Taarak Mehta – columnist, humourist and writer
 * Adikavi Pampa – earliest Kannada literature
 * Bal Patil – author, journalist, Jain activist and ex-member of Minority Commission, Government of Maharashtra
 * Nathuram Premi – publisher and scholar of Jainism, founder of Hindi Granth Karyalay and Manikchandra Jain Granthamala, historian, researcher, social reformer and editor of Jain Mitra and Jain Hitaishi
 * Kanhaiyalal Sethia
 * Shivakotiacharya - 9th-10th century writer, is considered the author of didactic Kannada language Jain text Vaddaradhane

Other

 * Chandraswami
 * Chitrabhanu – scholar
 * Jyotindra Jain – art and cultural historian, museologist
 * Sreenivasan Jain - Indian journalist
 * Sudhir K. Jain - Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University
 * K Lal - magician
 * Harshad Mehta - stockbroker and convicted fraudster
 * Jivaraj Papriwal —Installed 100,000 Jain images in the 15th century
 * Vastupala – Gujarati Prime Minister under the Vaghela dynasty, Minister of Dholka, launched construction of the Dilwara Temples in Mount Abu

Ancient

 * Mahāvīrachārya
 * Mahendra Sūri
 * Yativṛṣabha

Modern

 * Dhairya Dand, Indian-American scientist and inventor
 * Sohan Lal Jain
 * Vandana Jain
 * Daulat Singh Kothari
 * Vikram Sarabhai, Father of Indian space technology

Social workers

 * Sahu Ramesh Chandra Jain
 * Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain
 * Harakh Chand Nahata

Activists

 * Ajit Prasad Jain
 * Jagdish Chandra Jain - scholar, indologist, educationist, writer
 * Lakshmi Chand Jain – Ramon Magsaysay Award winner
 * Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale – first individual Satyagrahi of Mahatma Gandhi from Satara District in which Sangli
 * Sharmila Oswal - social worker philanthropist founder and president of the non-governmental organization Green Energy Foundation (GEF),
 * Ambalal Sarabhai - Industrialist, philanthropist, institution builder
 * Anasuya Sarabhai – pioneer of the women's labour movement in India

Padma Shri awardees

 * Bhavarlal Jain
 * Durga Jain
 * Gyan Chand Jain
 * Mag Raj Jain
 * Meenakshi Jain
 * Nemi Chandra Jain
 * O. P. Jain
 * Ravindra Jain
 * Rahul Jain
 * Sudhir K. Jain.
 * Sunita Jain
 * Yashpal Jain

Padma Bhushan awardees

 * Veerendra Heggade - Dharmadhikari (Administrator) of Dharmasthala Temple, Karnataka, India
 * Darshan Lal Jain - Social Activist
 * Girilal Jain
 * Shreyans Prasad Jain
 * Kasturbhai Lalbhai – industrialist and philanthropist
 * Dalsukh Dahyabhai Malvania - scholar, writer and philosopher
 * S. P. Oswal - Indian industrialist
 * Hasmukhbhai Parekh
 * Bhaurao Patil - educationalist, founder of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha
 * Laxmi Mall Singhvi - jurist, parliamentarian, scholar, writer and diplomat

Padma Vibhushan awardees

 * Veerendra Heggade - for social work and Dharmadhikari (Administrator) of Dharmasthala Temple, Karnataka, India
 * Lakshmi Chand Jain - political activist, writer, member of the Planning Commission and Indian High Commissioner to South Africa
 * Daulat Singh Kothari - Scientist and educationist
 * Sunder Lal Patwa - 11th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and a cabinet minister in the Government of India.
 * Vikram Sarabhai - Space scientist who is considered as Father of Indian Space Program
 * V Shantaram - Film director, producer, actor and screenwriter

title: List of Jains


text:
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title: User:UNCCTF