text:
Maryse Choisy

Maryse Choisy (1903–1979) was a French philosophical writer, journalist and founder of the journal Psyché.

Biography
Born in Saint-Jean-de-Luz on 1 February 1903, she was brought up by her rich aunts in a historical castle in the Basque country. After the end of the First World War, she went to study at Girton College, part of the University of Cambridge.

In 1927, she sought psychoanalytical treatment from Sigmund Freud and upon recounting an anxiety dream to him Freud apparently concluded, correctly, that she had been an illegitimate child.

Choisy was a critic of André Breton's Surrealist Manifesto saying that it was based on a misunderstanding of Freud's concept of the unconscious mind and as a response to the Surrealist Movement, she published her "Manifeste Surridealiste" in Les Nouvelles littéraires on 22 October 1927. It can also be found in her novel Mon Coeur dans une formule: C6 H8 (Az O3)6.

Between 1935 and 1937, Maryse Choisy founded and directed three journals of occultism: Votre Bonheur (Your Happiness), Votre Destin(Your Destiny) and Consolation. It seems that, later, she does not wish to dwell on this period of her life. What she says about it in her memoirs is succinct:—"“I created an esoteric weekly: Your Happiness, then Consolation . Henri Bergson gave me a brilliant article for the first issue. Each newspaper has its peak and its decline. After some time I saw myself surrounded by little magi who dreamed of Faustian adventures. They evoked an angel whose name ended in ael and were astonished that he broke dishes. After Peladan I discovered that it was dangerous to associate with alchemists and groups of occultists without being attached to some true and great Church. [...] "( On the way to God we first meet the devil, p.329)"

After meeting Pierre Teilhard in 1938 she converted to Catholicism and began to connect science, religion and psychoanalysis in her work. Her role in the founding of the journal Psyché (1946) reflected her concerns with the "ideals of the Roman Catholic church". She went back to receiving psychoanalysis from René Laforgue in this period.

Her most controversial work was Un mois chez les filles which literally means 'A month among the girls' however when it was published in 1961 in English in the United States the titled changed to Psychoanalysis of the Prostitute. Choisy attempted to characterise sex workers as more human than in previous literature and avoided "moralising or...aestheticism". She also wrote a book called Un mois chez les Hommes (A Month With the Guys) about infiltrating the all-male monastic community of Mount Athos.

She received multiple awards in her lifetime including the National Order of Merit, a silver medal of Arts, Lettres, et Sciences, and the Lamennais Prize in 1967.

Partial bibliography

 * Presque… [Almost...], quasi-novel. Éditeurs associés, 1923.
 * La Chirologie [Palm Reading]. Alcan, 1927.
 * Mon cœur dans une formule [My Heart in a Formula].
 * Cahiers suridéalistes [Suridealist Notebooks].
 * Un mois chez les filles [A Month With the Girls]. Montaigne, 1928.
 * Un mois chez les Hommes [A Month With the Guys]. Éditions de France, 1929.
 * Delteil tout nu [Delteil Naked]. Montaigne, 1930.
 * Le Vache à l’âme [The Soul Cow]. Éditions du Tambourinaire, 1930.
 * Quand les bêtes sont amoureuses [When Beasts are in Love]. Édition des portiques, 1931.
 * La guerre des sexes [The War of the Sexes] (? - reissued in 1970).
 * L'Amour dans les prisons [Love in the Prisons]. Montaigne, 1930.
 * Le thé des Romanech [The Tea of the Romanech]. 1943.
 * Yoga et psychanalyse [Yoga and Psychoanalysis]. Mont Blanc, 1948.
 * Qu’est-ce que la psychanalyse ? [What is Psychoanalysis ?]. L’Arche, 1950.
 * Problèmes sexuels de l'adolescence [Sexual Problems of Adolescence]. Montaigne, 1954.
 * Sigmund Freud: A New Appraisal. The Citadel Press, 1963.
 * Sur le chemin de Dieu on rencontre d’abord le diable [On the Way to God You Meet the Devil First]. Memoirs, 1925–1939. Émile Paul, 1977.
 * Contes pour ma fille... et pour les autres [Tales for My Little Girl...And for the Others] (article in French).

title: Maryse Choisy


text: User talk:81.57.21.186

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.57.21.186


text:
D. M. Marshman Jr.

Donald McGill Marshman Jr. (December 21, 1922 – September 17, 2015) credited as D. M. Marshman, was an American screenwriter known mainly for his contribution to the film script for Sunset Boulevard.

Background
Marshman was the son of Donald McGill and Maud Louise (McMurray) Marshman.

He was educated at Andover and Yale, receiving his B.A. in 1945. Originally hired as an editorial researcher at Life magazine, he eventually became the magazine's movie editor before moving to Time magazine, where he was the film critic.

Career
In 1946, Marshman collaborated with T. O. Cole on Poets Corner, a comedy in three acts. In 1948, Marshman was recruited by Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder to help write the screenplay of Sunset Boulevard. He suggested that a gigolo be introduced to the story as a romantic interest for the heroine. Characteristics of the main character can be attributed to Marshman, such as name similarity, personality, and identical birthday. He shared a screenwriting credit with Wilder and Brackett. The trio won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Marshman has two other films to his credit, the 1953 productions Taxi (screenplay) and Second Chance (story).

He chose to return to the East Coast in 1953, where he pursued a career in advertising for Young & Rubicam and other agencies, including one he started himself. From 1974 to 1979, he conducted a fund-raising campaign for Yale University, and spent later years as a freelance consultant, writing speeches for corporate CEOs, and doing other business writing.

title: D. M. Marshman Jr.


text:
John Betts (Canadian politician)

John Willis Betts, (born February 17, 1949) is a Canadian teacher and politician, who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for the riding of Moncton Crescent from 1999 to 2014.

Betts was born in Moncton, New Brunswick. He earned an ice hockey scholarship to Gordon College in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. He went on to earn a Bachelor of Education and a Master's Degree in Education Administration from the University of Moncton.

Betts was a longtime member of the Moncton City Council, having been elected in 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995 and 1998. He resigned from council upon his election to the legislature in 1999. He was re-elected to the legislature in 2003 and 2006.

He sits as a Progressive Conservative. From 2003-2006, his party held only a one-seat majority which could have collapsed upon the long term absence of any of its members. Betts, who previously had a quadruple heart bypass in 1994, was hospitalized in early 2005 with what was thought to be a minor heart attack forcing the government to delay several votes. Betts since returned to work in good health having only suffered severe indigestion.

On December 7, 2005, he was named deputy speaker replacing Trevor Holder who had been elevated to the cabinet. He ceased being deputy speaker on August 18, 2006 with the dissolution of the legislature for a general election.

title: John Betts (Canadian politician)


text:
Talk:Martian meteorite

Untitled Comment
An article that discuss a recent research that asserts Mars has always been a cold desert.

Untitled Comment 2
Is there any source for this paragraph?

"It should be pointed out, however, that the isotope ratios do not actually match Mars ratios especially well, to the extent that Mars ratios are known..."

And this:

"Although common wisdom is that the SNC meteorites are from Mars, the Mars origin theory does have some problems. The isotope ratios are not an especially good match. A widely published graph showing a near-perfect match is alleged to be constructed from examples selected to "prove" the hypothesis and to be a poor representation of the real data. For example, the Ar40/Ar36 ratio for one meteorite (1650) is almost exactly half-way between Earth (300) and Mars (3000). Carbon dioxide, the predominant gas in the current Mars atmosphere, is unaccountably rare in the trapped gases in the SNC meteorites. The SNC meteorites do not show shock artifacts that would be expected in small objects ejected with enough velocity to escape Mars. The majority of SNC meteorites are quite young by geologic standards and seem to imply that volcanic activity was present on Mars only a few hundred million years ago. Cosmic ray traces in the meteorites indicate relatively short stays (3 to 3.5 million years) in space. It is asserted that there are no large young craters on Mars that are candidates as sources for the SNC meteorites."

Searches of the web found nothing close, except a couple of references to recent volcanic activity. The paragraph also includes weasel terms "is alleged to be" and "it is asserted that" with no sources as to who is alleging or asserting. Ken Arromdee 20:20, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * In the absence of references, I've deleted this material. Ken Arromdee 21:53, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

ALH84001
In the article ALH84001 is described as a shergottite, but I don't know of anyone in the planetary science community who would classify it that way. McSween and Treiman [1998] says, "this meteorite does not fit into any of the previously established SNC categories." It should probably be its own category.--Will.i.am 21:52, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Determination that Meteorite is from Mars
It is not clear to me how this is determined. Could they possibly be from another planet, moon, or other body? Also, has any meteorite from Venus, Mercury, or the moons of Jupiter ever been found? --Eraticus 04:20, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

They're definitely from Mars - I'll add a section explaining all this. As for your question, there's tonnes of meteorites known from the Moon, and a few (Angrites) that *might* be from Mercury. Venus meteorites should be impossible, and there are no candidates anyway.

This page is a bit messy, I'll give it a proper overhaul when I get the time - just finished a master's project on the Shergottites so I've got a reasonable idea what's going on... Ezkerraldean (talk) 13:54, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Page needs renaming
Although there are a few prominent NASA websites that call these objects Mars meteorites, e.g., http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/ and http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/, the overwhelming usage among scientists is martian meteorites. In the NASA ADS bibliographic website, there are 26 publications listed that use the former term in the title and 636 publications that use the latter. In light of this, there is little doubt about the preferred term, so this page should be renamed. Unless there are reasonable objections that I can't think of, I will rename it. JeffG (talk) 01:21, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Number of specimens
There is now about 110 specimens according to this article: Meteorite From Mars is Water-Rich. Danrok (talk) 21:06, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

 * The reference given for the 99 number is now showing 114. Perhaps we should update this number (and date), and expect to have to do this again in a few years. Watchwolf49z (talk) 00:37, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Done - Would someone please review the edit, I made a few changes to the prose that should be looked at. That dataBase gives the 61,000 number as well. This is really one of the best articles I come across in a while, especially concerning HIGHLY controversial subject material. Well done !!! Watchwolf49z (talk) 15:01, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Comment on the History Section
This section states the following, "Then in 1983, various trapped gases were reported in impact-formed glass of the EET79001 shergottite, gases which closely resembled those in the martian atmosphere as analyzed by Viking.[6] These trapped gases provided direct evidence for a martian origin."

The last sentence that the trapped gasses provide direct evidence is not true since it cannot be proven merely from the resemblence to the current Martian atmosphere that they (the trapped gasses) actually came from it; especially from an object with an undetermined time of origin. (The article goes on to give speculations about when shergottites were actually formed.) It seems to me that you cannot obtain facts from speculations, no matter how reasonable they might be. This is not to say the meteorites could not have come from Mars, or even that it is unlikely that they have. But, based on what is written in this article, there is still no direct evidence.

Skinnerd (talk) 15:59, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * That statement threw a red flag for me too. However, after finishing the article I found it made sense.  These trapped gases are direct evidence, but not direct proof.  I don't think the article is stating this as fact above what is well referenced and notable. Science should certainly be investigating alternative speculations, just that it's not our job as encyclopedia editors. Watchwolf49z (talk) 00:08, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

If one means to distinguish between evidence and proof then I would venture to say it is unnecessary to use the adjective "direct" to modify the word evidence. A fact is either evidence of something or it is not. Perhaps the term "strong evidence" is better? But I would go a bit further and say that while the trapped gasses may be samples of the Martian atmosphere at the time the meteorite was formed, it still remains to show that the atmosphere then resembles the atmosphere now. How confident are we of that? If we are confident (and we have to provide other evidence to support our confidence), then we may say the evidence is strong otherwise it is not strong. I would say that the uncertainty about the time of formation weakens the evidence provided by trapped gasses.

Here's a question, asked naively by a layman: If I brought you a cylinder containing a sample of the atmosphere over Antartica but happened to mention that in transit, it had been heated to 5000K, subjected to various intense pressures and that the possiblity existed that the lining of the cylinder might not be completely inert, would you say the sample is direct evidence (or even strong) evidence of the composition of the Antartic atmosphere? (sorry for the run-on sentence!)

Skinnerd (talk) 21:43, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The key is the referenced paper. Does the 1983 Science article by Bogard and Johnson support the statement given in the article. We can only go by what the references provide, and not add our own speculations. Read the sources - if the sources support the article content, then all is good. If you disagree with the sources - then go argue with them elsewhere, or find other reliable sources which disagree. Vsmith (talk) 22:30, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Further, does the reference support the "direct evidence.." bit that follows? That could possibly be problematic, but we need to go to the reference to see. Vsmith (talk) 22:37, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * OK - I don't have acces to the 83 Science article, but "direct evidence of a martian origin came with the discovery of trapped atmospheric gases in one meteorite." quote from Combining meteorites and missions to explore Mars, by Timothy J. McCoy, et. al., PNAS, vol. 108 no. 48 . So the article text is valid - just might need to add the PNAS source as a reference for the line. Vsmith (talk) 23:18, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

New section on cosmic radiation exposure ages
I came here looking for this information and didn't find anything, so added a table based on a 2006 book about meteorite exposure ages which has a section on Martian meteorites. It's obviously just a starting point and needs to be updated with the most recent research.

Since they all originate apparently from only a few distinct impact events, I feel that it shouldn't be too much overload to the article to have a complete table of all the exposure ages determined so far. Robert Walker (talk) 09:41, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

how a martian meteorite can have escaped the martian gravity field?
Can it be a volcanic object project with a velocy superior to the escape velocity. If no. What else? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.231.74.157 (talk) 12:59, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes. I would like to know the escape velocity to go from Mars to Earth. --Error (talk) 00:58, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

Black Beauty, the oldest known Martian meteorite is older than 2.1 billion years
News article says it is 4.4 billion years old: http://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/20/tech/innovation/mars-meteorite/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.135.9.205 (talk) 12:03, 22 November 2013 (UTC)

A new standard for the minimum size of a life-form?
The evidence for life on martian meteorites has been largely discounted because "the structures are too small to be Earthly bacteria." This is flawed for two reasons: 1. It has already been established that the meteorite is not from Earth. Consequently, what is possible on Earth should not constitute what is possible on Mars. Micropaleontologist Schopf also commented that, "the structures don't look especially like lifeforms to him." This statement should be deleted, as opinions aren't worth much in science. 2. According to an article published in Nature Communications, (6, Article number: 6372 )  "Diverse uncultivated ultra-small bacterial cells in groundwater",  Bacteria from phyla are widespread in natural systems and some have very small genomes. Metagenomic analysis of groundwater that passed through a ~0.2-μm filter reveals a wide diversity of bacteria from the WWE3, OP11 and OD1 candidate phyla. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that, despite morphological variation, cells consistently have small cell size (0.009±0.002 μm3) This recent discovery would appear to alter the perception of the minimum possible size of life on Earth. It is difficult to find documentation on the exact size of the structures found on ALH 84001. So far the best description is, "an unusual tube-like structure that is less than 1/100th the width of a human hair". A comparative description of the "ultra-small bacteria" says, "150 of these bacteria could fit into the better-known E. coli, and 150,000 or more of them could sit on the tip of a human hair." This would appear to illustrate that the structures found on ALH 84001 are larger than these bacteria, and those structures may now fit the new criteria for possible life.

title: Talk:Martian meteorite


text:
Floatstick

[[File:FloatstickDiagram.svg|thumb|A floatstick (left) stowed and (right) in use to measure fuel remaining in an aircraft fuel tank: 1. Magnets

2. Float

3. Fuel in tank

4. Fuel tank wall

5. Indication of remaining fuel in tank when floatstick is pulled down]]

A floatstick is a device to measure fuel levels in modern large aircraft. It consists of a closed tube rising from the bottom of the fuel tank. Surrounding the tube is a ring-shaped float, and inside it is a graduated rod indicating fuel capacity. The float and the top of the rod contain magnets. The rod is withdrawn from the bottom of the wing until the magnets stick, the distance it is withdrawn indicating the level of the fuel.

When not in use, the stick is secured within the tube.

Older aircraft use a dripstick, which leaks fuel when used.

title: Floatstick


text:
Phoebe Thomas

Phoebe Thomas (born 12 April 1983) is a British actress.

Thomas made a name for herself playing Holly Curran on Night and Day from 2001 to 2003. In 2005 she went on to star in the Five soap, Family Affairs, as homeless Jane Hughes. She has also had a role in Channel 4 comedy Teachers and played nurse Maria Kendall in BBC medical drama Holby City from 28 November 2006 to 19 May 2010. She is also playing Hetty Feather in the stage adaptation of Hetty Feather. She was "Thea Holmes" in Death in Paradise Series 3 Episode 2 (The Wrong Man).

She has previously acted the role of Lady Godiva in an independent film based on a script by Vicky Jewson.

title: Phoebe Thomas


text:
Talk:Schuko

How does an earth prevent hot contact
This (in the article and a caption by an image):

and establishes protective-earth connection through the earth clips (2) before the line and neutral pins (3) establish contact, thereby preventing users from touching connected pin

doesn't make any sense. How does an earth connection prevent a user from touching a connected pin? Ariel. (talk) 05:09, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

 * The first clause in the sentence, i.e. the socket covering/blocking access to the well, is what prevents users from touching live pins. I've edited the section to hopefully make it a little less confusing. CHLKS (talk) 16:32, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Countries that switched to Schuko
Can you give us a list of countries that converted to using the Schuko system of plugs and sockets, and why they did that? For example, what of Italy? Or what about Denmark, the country that is planning to allow the installation of French style Schuko socket (with the pin sticking out the socket groove?) Yes, do mention country where Schuko's now used but not until recently. Thanks.

 * Since mid 2008 Schuko contacts (Belgium/France design) are allowed in Denmark. I assume this is due to the ever growing international (and/or online) market of cunsumer devices equipped with Schuko plugs. Also, I read somewhere that the entire former Soviet Union is switching to Schuko contacts (German design) due to safety (more amps and earthing). Rick2910 (talk) 21:19, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

 * What about Italy ? It would be easy to design a wall socket (Schuko with third centre earthing pin) to accept either type of plug although Italian consumers might prefer to retain their (more compact) own plugs. 86.112.93.230 (talk) 12:56, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I live in Italy, so this is a first-hand report. The Schuko system is part of the official Italian standard. Sockets capable of handling both Italian and Schuko plugs are now quite common; they exist in two versions: with an additional grounding hole for Italian 10A plugs, and a variation with 8-shaped live and neutral holes to also accept Italian 16A plugs. Adapters are also very common, since many appliances come fitted with Schuko plugs. I confirm that Italians generally prefer the national system because of its compactness: a Schuko socket takes twice the space than an Italian one, and may be hard to fit in the small wall boxes found in older homes. In the German-speaking South Tyrol (Italy's northernmost province) the "pure" Schuko standard is prevalent because of cultural and economic ties with Austria; however those sockets, as every socket installed in Italy, must be equipped with safety shutters on live and neutral holes to prevent people (especially young children) from inserting objects into them. E.caberlotto (talk) 10:11, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

 * The Italian design wins on compactness but by having the earth pin exactly in the middle the designers missed an opportunity to address the polarisation issue and having separate 10 and 16 amp versions confuses the issue further. 2.123.240.251 (talk) 19:09, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

Republic of Ireland
The article mentions that in parts of the country "Schuko was commonly installed until the 1960's". But did it cease being an official standard and if so when ? Ive seen them mentioned in an ESB leaflet during the 1980's (where they were termed "side-earth") but they were an extremely rare sight by then. Much more common in Ireland are Swiss SEV type fuseboxes (rather the UK style cartridge fuses) but since the mid-1980's there has been a trend away from these in favour of tripswitch based consumer units 2.123.240.251 (talk) 14:59, 17 January 2016 (UTC).

220 vs 127 volt - NOT center tapped
The relationship between 220 and 127 volts is that the 220 volts is the phase to phase, or delta voltage, while 127 is phase to neutral / near earth potential. Norway often still uses a system where the 2 pins on these plugs are both phases, not line and neutral. JulianL JulianL (talk) 13:36, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

 * As an electrical and electronics engineer here is the explanation, it is not obvious.
 * If 2 phase plus neutral is supplied, as is common in the USA, the voltage between the live conductors is 220 volts and the voltage to earth/neutral is half the voltage between the live conductors, i.e. 110 volts. Because of the very low live voltage, to minimise excessive loss / voltage drop, short wires at the final voltage are required between the domestic premises and step down transformer.
 * If the supply is 2 conductors of a 3 phase supply, this voltage is called the 3 phase line voltage (LV). The voltage between a 3 phase conductor and earth/neutral is called the phase voltage (PV). In 3 phase the line voltage = phase voltage x square root of 3, i.e. LV = 1.73 x PV or PV = LV/1.73. So if it were part of 3 phase and LV = 220 volts then PV = 220/1.73 = 127V.
 * This seems a very strange distribution method as phase imbalances could be common. Also the very low phase voltage would require short lines from the transformer to the premises.
 * In modern Germany and from at least the 1930s in my experience of living in houses from that time with some original wiring, 3 phase and neutral at nominal 230V phase voltage/400V line voltage is supplied domestically. Schuko mains sockets are wired with one of the 3 phase Live conductors and Neutral. It was common practice in Germany to use the neutral as the earth. Metal conduits in the domestic premises would contain the live conductors and the neutral would be conducted by the conduit. At the mains outlets, one of the live outlet contacts and the earth would be connected together to the neutral wire. Many old premises still have such wiring, but it has not been common for decades. Lkingscott (talk) 09:43, 20 December 2022 (UTC)

CEE 7/6 "French" variant.
The article in several places refers to "French" plugs and sockets but according to the || museum of plugs and sockets website this variant originated in Belgium. If this is indeed the case the article should stop referring to them as French ? 84.247.43.249 (talk) 10:26, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schuko


text:
Talk:Lehigh and New England Railroad

Figuring this out
chartered in New Jersey March 18, 1873
 * South Mountain and Boston Railroad

changed name to Pennsylvania and New England Railroad March 2, 1880

 * Delaware and Slatington Railroad

changed name from South Mountain and Boston Railroad March 2, 1880
 * Pennsylvania and New England Railroad

NJ/PA line to PRR west of Harrisburg with branch to Reading
 * Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and New England Railroad

bought by Pennsylvania and New England Railroad

Harrisburg to the Delaware River at Portland of Belvidere
 * Susquehanna and Delaware River Railroad

 * Harrisburg and New England Railroad

 * Harrisburg and Eastern Railroad

 * Harrisburg and Delaware River Railroad

Slatington to Pine Island
 * Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad

sold under foreclosure July 12, 1887

bought the property and franchises of the Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad
 * Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston Railroad

succeeded by L&NE

succeeded Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie and Boston Railroad
 * Lehigh and New England Railroad

dispute in early 1883 over connection with Pennsylvania, Slatington and New England Railroad at Pen Argyl and tracks to Bangor
 * Wind Gap and Delaware Railroad

holding company, owned the Poughkeepsie Bridge Company and Central New England and Western Railroad, chartered 1889
 * Delaware and New England Railroad

Article condense, clean up
This article has far too much information for a wikipedia article. The style and content are written more from a fan perspective and would be more appropriate for a specfici website. Please contact me directly before reverting edits. Thank you.Oanabay04 (talk) 18:44, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from:. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Mackensen (talk) 22:33, 22 August 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lehigh and New England Railroad


text:
EyeToy: Play 2

EyeToy: Play 2 is the second PlayStation 2 game in the EyeToy: Play series. It uses EyeToy camera technology to project the player on to the television screen, allowing them to interact with on screen objects. The game contains twelve new minigames, that allow for single or multiplayer modes. The game also introduces a tournament mode, that allows several players to compete in a series of minigames, earning points for each game won.

The game also takes advantage of some EyeToy capabilities that the original did not, including being able to detect the speed and force of motion, and increased accuracy. This allows for more depth in games like Baseball, where points can be awarded for more forceful hitting of the ball. In addition, the game features SpyToy, enabling players to turn their EyeToy camera into a security system that will record anyone that passes by. It is possible to capture photos or record video, and record a message that will play on the television screen should anyone come within range. It also contains a demo of EyeToy: AntiGrav in which one races on a hover board.

The game was released in November 2004 in Europe, North America on 16 August 2005 as a bundled package with the EyeToy camera and in June 2005 in Japan.

Games
EyeToy: Play 2 contains 87 games. There are 12 games and 75 bonus games. "Goal Attack" is a soccer game where the object is to defend the player team's goal while the opposing team attempts to hit the soccer ball into player team's goal. The player has to move constantly, defending the goal by moving different directions while the EyeToy captures movements and moves them accordingly. Another game is called "Table Tennis". The object of this game is to play Table Tennis against CPU controlled opponents while hitting the ball with player's hand. As the player beats the opponents, the opponents change and are slightly harder to defeat. The first opponent is named "Suzi Swift". If the players defeat her, they face "Max Armstrong", then comes "Dragon Pants Jim" and the last opponent "Master Pong". This game mainly focuses around minigames. There is also an EyeToy: AntiGrav demo included with the game.

Reception
The game received "favorable" reviews, albeit slightly less than the original EyeToy: Play, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.

title: EyeToy: Play 2


text:
Staats Model School

The Staats Model School is situated on the corner of Lilian Ngoyi (previously Van der Walt ) and Nana Sita (previously Skinner ) Streets in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, Republic of South Africa. It originated from a school established in 1893 to train teachers in the Zuid Afrikaansche Republik, or ZAR. Alfred Fernandez Harington was appointed English master on 1 October 1895.

Sytze Wierda, chief architect of the ZAR, designed the building in 1895, and its construction was completed by Te Groen in 1896. The structure consists of brick and Stinkwater sandstone and adheres to the Neo Dutch Renaissance school of architecture.

On 11 October 1899 the school closed as a result of the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War. During the war the building functioned as a hospital for Boer soldiers and as a prison for British officers. The escape of Winston Churchill, war correspondent and later British prime minister, from the building has become legend.

The school regained some life from 1901 as Pretoria High School, and from 1902 to 1909 as the Pretoria College for Boys, which later became Pretoria Boys High School. In 1910 the college moved to larger premises and the Staats Model School building housed several other schools after that, including, in 1946, the ‘Hamilton Primary School’ (Robert Hamilton was a well-known businessman and benefactor of the school). The Library Services of the Transvaal Education Department, or TED, moved in during 1951.

The building was declared a national monument on 8 April 1960.

title: Staats Model School


text:
User:Pinchas

http://www.torahstudy.info

Torah Study

The Tree of LifeProverbs 3:18 It is a tree of life to those who grasp it, And whoever holds on to it is happy.

A tree grows tall and is used for many different things all in which provide some sort of life. TheTorah is the same way. A person that wishes to find life in Messiah and have a relationship with G-d must cling and desire His Word and grasp the deep life that it provides so that he will be full in all that he does.

When all is said and done and our lifes records are opened, and we will see if we feared G-d and did what we were insrtucted to do. Ecclesiastes says this well:

Ecclesiastes 12:13 Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the whole duty of man.

The instructions in the written Word must be observed because through Yeshua, G-d made us righteous. We must not do the commandments to make ourselves righteous, we must do it in faith and not out of duty. We should want to; not have to.

The Law is Truth John 18:37 Therefore Pilate said to Him, "So You are a king?" Yeshua answered, "You say correctly that I am a king. For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice."

John 18:38 Pilate said to Him, "What is truth?"

The word Truth is clearly defined as the Law. We must know what Yeshua was communicating in these few verses. This is the reason messiah was sent and the reason he came, which is, to "BEAR WITNESS TO THE TRUTH".

Let's let the Torah speak for its self.

Psalm 119:142 Your righteousness is an everlasting righteousness. Your Law is truth.

Psalm 119:151 You are near, YHVH. All your mitzvot [commandments] are truth.

Psalm 119:160 Your word is truth.

Hear we have 3 definitions of TRUTH. 1) The Law; 2) the Commandments; 3) The Word.

The written Word is what Yeshua came to bear witness to and if we are of the written truth and what it contains then we can and will hear his voice. Without any of the above we are lacking the ability to hear (shema) the voice that guides us. The TORAH is TRUTH, and the only way to reach this understanding is to see it for yourself.

title: User:Pinchas


text:
David Deida

David Deida (born March 18, 1958) is an American author who writes about the sexual and spiritual growth of men and women. His ten books have been published in 25 languages. He conducts spiritual growth and intimacy workshops and is one of the many founding associates at the Integral Institute. He has conducted research and taught classes at the University of California at Santa Cruz, Lexington Institute in Boston, San Jose State University and Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He is the author of numerous essays, articles, and books on human spirituality including The Way of the Superior Man, Finding God Through Sex, and Blue Truth and the autobiographical novel Wild Nights.

Early life and education
Deida was born David Greenberg in Cleveland, Ohio and later changed his surname to Deida. After receiving the 1974 National Writing Award, Deida was admitted to the Florida Scholars Program at the University of Florida. While there, Deida founded the Plexus Interdisciplinary Center, researching medicine and consciousness in affiliation with the teaching hospital Shands at the University of Florida.

In 1982, he graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in Theoretical Psychobiology. That same year, Deida was granted a fellowship at the Laboratory for Theoretical Neuroscience at the University of California, San Diego Medical School. As a graduate student at the University of California at Santa Cruz, he conducted research in the ontogeny of self/non-self boundaries and the evolution of the nervous system and its relationship to space-time dimensionality and was awarded a master's degree in biology from the University of California in 1989.

Career
Deida was an instructor in Artificial Intelligence at California State University, San Jose and was elected as a Fellow of the Lexington Institute Boston. From 1976 to 1989, Deida engaged in research with the neuroscientist Francisco Varela and he conducted research with Varela at the Pasteur Institute and Ecole Polytechnique. From 1983 to 2000, he collaborated with yoga teacher Sofia Diaz to develop yoga techniques for intimate relationships. In the mid-1990s, Deida began publishing non-academic books on spiritual practice, sociocultural evolution, and non-dual sexuality.

From 1986 to 1988, Deida studied with the American spiritual teacher Adi Da Samraj and 1988 Deida was awarded the Chateaubriand Fellowship by the French government, for his Ph.D. thesis. Deida began writing non-academic books for publication and departed the university before completing his doctoral thesis. Deida published several papers from 1985 to 1991 including, “The Form of Duality: Objectification as Implicate Time (1985)”, “Some Fundamental Aspects of the Indicational Calculus and the Eigenbehavior of Extended Forms (1985)”, “The Indicational Calculus and Trialectics (1985)”, “An Approach to a Mathematics of Phenomena: Canonical Aspects of Reentrant Form Eigenbehavior in the Extended Calculus of Indications (1988)”, and “Multiplicity and Indeterminacy in the Dynamics of Formal Indicational Automata (1991).”

Deida published the book Intimate Communion in 1995 and It’s a Guy Thing in 1997 outlining his ideas on psycho-sexual development and universal masculine and feminine identities. In 1997 he published The Way of the Superior Man and in 2001 a series of personal essays called Waiting to Love: Rude Essays on Life After Spirituality. His book Finding God Through Sex was released in 2002 and outlined practices for dissolving fear and self-boundaries during intercourse. Deida's semi-autobiographical novel Wild Nights: Conversations with Mykonos about Passionate Love, Extraordinary Sex, and How to Open to God was published in 2005 and tells the story of developing friends, sexual intimacy, and God awareness through the guidance of a spiritual teacher. Deida published his book The Enlightened Sex Manual: Sexual Skills for the Superior Lover in 2004 and he discusses the topics of love and expanded awareness in his 2007 book Instant Enlightenment.

Reception
Deida's ecumenical approach has caused some to question his discrimination for audiences, but Deida characterizes his recent work as "spiritual theater" rather than "religious teaching". This orientation has led one critic to suspect Deida's spiritual depth and integrity, specifically questioning whether his approach has conflated post-modern nihilism with mystical nondualism. Other criticism questions Deida's political stance, alleging an element of misogyny in one of his books.

Books

 * Intimate Communion (1995) ISBN 978-1-55874-374-8
 * It's A Guy Thing: An Owner's Manual for Women (1997) ISBN 978-1-55874-464-6
 * The Way Of The Superior Man: A Spiritual Guide to Mastering the Challenges of Woman, Work, and Sexual Desire (1997, Plexus, ISBN 1-889762-10-5; 2004, Sounds True, ISBN 978-1-59179-257-4)
 * Waiting to Love: Rude Essays on Life after Spirituality (2001) ISBN 1-889762-20-2
 * Finding God Through Sex: Awakening The One Of Spirit Through The Two Of Flesh (2002, 2005) ISBN 978-1-59179-273-4
 * Dear Lover: A Woman's Guide To Men, Sex, And Love's Deepest Bliss (2002, 2005) ISBN 978-1-59179-260-4
 * Blue Truth: A Spiritual Guide to Life & Death and Love & Sex (2002, 2005) ISBN 978-1-59179-259-8 (formally published as; Naked Buddhism: 39 ways to free your heart and awaken to now)
 * The Enlightened Sex Manual: Sexual Skills for the Superior Lover (2004) ISBN 978-1-59179-585-8
 * Wild Nights (2005) ISBN 978-1-59179-233-8
 * Instant Enlightenment: Fast, Deep and Sexy (2007) ISBN 978-1-59179-560-5

Audio CDs and MP3s

 * The Way of the Superior Man: The Teaching Sessions (Audio CD), Sounds True, ISBN 978-1-59179-343-4
 * Enlightened Sex: Finding Freedom & Fullness Through Sexual Union (Audio CD) ISBN 978-1-59179-083-9
 * David Deida: The Complete Recordings, Volumes 1-3 (Audio CD) (1998–2002), Volume 4 (2009)
 * Rhythms of Revelation: Jazz, Jesus and James Bond, MP3 (2009)
 * Enlightenment, Marriage and the Dark Side, MP3 (2009)
 * Finding Love and Sex Among Vikings, Boys Toys and Superior Women, MP3 (2009)
 * Bondage, Boundaries and the Rolling Stones: Spiritual Happiness vs. Sexual Healing, MP3 (2009)
 * Emotional Chaos and Authentic Love: How to Help Your Man Navigate Your Heart, MP3 (2009)
 * The Third Stage: Making Love Beyond Sharing Needs, MP3 (2009)
 * Buddhism, Blowjobs and Chocolate: Spiritual Access to Passion's Portals, MP3 (2009)
 * Aligning with Love: Sex, Wealth and Worship, MP3 (2009)
 * Craving Nothingness, Wanting Fullness, Celebrating Nowness, MP3 (2009)

DVDs

 * Function, Flow, & Glow (DVD) ASIN B000CEX3JE
 * Spirit, Sex, Love: David Deida in Australia (DVD) (out of print)

Published manuscripts

 * 1985 Greenberg, D.R., and White, C.A. “The Form of Duality: Objectification as Implicate Time.” Proc. 1985 Intl. Conf. of Soc. for General Systems Research, I, 156-162, Seaside, California: Intersystems
 * 1985 Greenberg, D.R., White, C.A., and Berkowitz, G.C. “Some Fundamental Aspects of the Indication Calculus and the Eigenbehavior of Extended Forms” Proc. First Annual Conference/ Workshop on Sign and Space, edited by G.C. Berkowitz, 54-96.
 * 1985 Greenberg, D.R., and Horn, R.E. “The Indicational Calculus and Trialectics” Lexington Institute Monograph Series
 * 1986 Deida, D. “Before There Is Perception, What is There? Biological Cosmology and the Limits of Knowledge” Laughing Man Journal, 12:34-49
 * 1988 Berkowitz, G.C., Greenberg, D.R., and White, C.A. “An approach to a Mathematics of Phenomena: Canonical Aspects of Reentrant Form Eigenbehavior in the Extended Calculus of Indications. Cybernetics and Systems 19:123-167
 * 1991 Berkowitz, G.C., Greenberg, D.R., and White, C.A. “Multiplicity and Indeterminacy in the Dynamics of Formal Indicational Automata” Cybernetics and Systems 22:237-263

title: David Deida


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Insert Disc Two

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete (only one valid keep vote) -- Francs2000 | Talk 12:32, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Insert Disc Two
I believe this is a vanity or advertising page. I see very little internet presence for this internet show (thanks to func for doing a bit lot of research for me), and it was started only recently. Joyous (talk) 15:11, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The fact that it was created by a fan doesn't mean it's not meant to promote the site.
 * 's 2nd edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. The article is actually well written, but this show, started in early 2005, seems to fall into the vanity category. A google on "Insert Disc Two" "Chris Dunkle" turns up 14 hits, and Alexa.com has no traffic rating for the site whatsoever. I think someone was trying to use Wikipedia to promote this site. func (talk) 15:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

insertdisctwo (talk)  11:04, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * This misc. signature was added by . func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. The show was actually started in mid 2004 and has a moderately small but growing following. The article was written by a fan, and not by the creators, and therefore was not created with the intent to promote the site. Google returns more hits when you don't type in the actor's name, (although they are harder to find due to the phrase being used in a lot of Easter egg and video game sites) since most mentions of the site are quotes from the show and not about the actual performers.
 * Amendment: Many of the anonymous "delete" votes that have been posted here are the result of a personal vendetta waged against the show. Evidence can be found here on their forums.
 * insertdisctwo (talk)  11:04, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * 's 12th edit, func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * insertdisctwo appears to have made another sockpuppet vote, first as, then made alterations as himself: , , , func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: vanity, advert. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:29, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I wrote most of this article, and I intend for it to be informative rather than advertising. Ianthegecko 20:17, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is registered user . func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The Wiki seems to fit no purpose other than to promote the small show's website. There is almost no information about the show itself, except for a long list of influences and brief prior experiences. Without this information, it can be considered a promotion. 14:46, 23 July 2005 (PST)
 * Comment: the above user's entire edit history consists of either POV vandalism to the article being voted on or edits to this page.—chris.lawson (talk) 23:39, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. I respectfully disagree with the idea that this page deserves deletion under either charge of vanity or advertising. No attempt is made to sway the reader to visiting the creators' website (ie. advertising) and it takes a neutral stance on the content. If the article had proclaimed: "Insert Disc Two is a hilarious, brilliant take on comedy", yes, that would be biased and grounds for deletion. But this article is not simply a commercial. In all fairness, the article briefly explains what the show is and simply tells of its history and influences. In short, it provides those curious about the show information to better understand it, which is what a good encyclopedia entry is supposed to do.  arthur42  (talk)  15:04, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * 's 1st edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. Neutral stance? The article compares itself to friggin' Monty Python and the Holy Grail!
 * unsigned by . func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. Except "Holy Grail" is never mentioned on the page. And it doesn't compare itself to Python, just says that the creators were influenced heavily by Python. That's like saying they got the idea to make "Men in Black" after reading "Hitchhiker's Guide", not necessarily comparing the two.
 * unsigned by

 * Delete per func (talk) . -Splash 23:17, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. There's no need to make a Wikipedia about this site because nobody will ever look up for it out of spite, even if it is ever mentioned by their few fans it would be linked to the website anyways.
 * 's 1st edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. You are choosing to acknowledge this article as an advertisement rather than something that is informative, that is your deal. Do you also feel that a Wiki article on Brad Pitt is an advertisement? Let ID2 stay, I say. BraveJiro (talk)  11:04, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * 's 1st edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This user also commited vandalism:, and is assumed to be the same person as . func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment The information from the article when it was started was literally COPIED from ID2's about page, there's no reason to keep the article on Wikipedia while you can just get it from ID2's site.

 * Keep. You have no apparent reason why you want this down, other then it seems like you have nothing to do. It's not like it has offended you in anywayJohnnyLawRoutine (talk) 9:37, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * 's only edit, THEN: changed to "JohnnyLawRoutine", who does not exist. The change was made by, who has already voted. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per Func. Nandesuka 02:26, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Saying that the votes of people with a so called "vendetta" against your site is not too terribly different than how the owners are more likely than not furiously messaging all their friends on AIM to support the entry. Like it or not, insert disc two is nothing more than a website visited by the owners and their immediate friends - the guestbook only has six entries to it since april. If the site was even remotely popular it would certainly have more than this. Additionally, I might add that my own site (the one referenced in the Amendemnt above) is FAR MORE POPULAR than Insert Disc Two (avg 500-1k visitors a day when i sit around and do nothing), but an article made totally without my knowledge was deleted in accordance with Wikipedia policy, and, well, I agree that it should have been deleted.
 * 's 2nd edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The comment: "Like it or not, insert disc two is nothing more than a website visited by the owners and their immediate friends" is both untrue and is spoken without any validity. The site's following includes a demographic containing Ireland, England, Texas, and Colorado, to name a few. Only one member is a personal friend of the producers. insertdisctwo  (talk)

 * Comment I'm assuming the commenter here does not consider people they talk to aim to be their friends :(
 * unsigned by

 * Delete. This vote page has been vandalized by IPs.  Advertising does not mean that you have to be going this is the best thing ever, just that the page exists is advertising. humblefool® 03:33, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And insertdisktwo? Please stop shifting people's votes and signatures around. humblefool® 03:50, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * My apologies, I was just trying to help by formatting user names properly. Won't happen again. =) insertdisctwo (talk)
 * Does that include copying the style of my signature, with the tell-tale (talk) formatting? func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I didn't realize that was your special code. I just copied the sig of the first person I saw and changed the relavent information. My apologies again. I promise I have not been up to any foul play, I was just trying to organize the page. My OCD I guess. I have not forged any votes, and whatever vandalism happened here, I was not involved in it. If the page is deleted, so be it, I respect the whatever decision Wikipedia makes. However please know that the site has been dealing with vandals for months and they have posted an entire thread on their forums dedicated to vandalizing our Wikipedia page. This has gotten much messier than it should have. I promise not to make any other alterations in formatting. Hopefully the voting can continue in a mature, civilized, and TRUTHFUL manner. Thank you.

 * Comment "just that the page exists is advertising." Then by that logic, with all due respect, so is every other article on this website. I'm sorry. I'm not trying to be funny, I'm just having trouble seeing the argument there. Merely documenting something, ie. this show, isn't advertising. The only argument that seems to be sproating here is that because the show isn't well known, any sort of referencing of it here would be a means to increase attention, and thus its advertising. In that case, their only crime is not being well-known enough, which is no grounds for deletion in my opinion. arthur42  (talk)  15:04, 23 July 2005 (CDT)
 * signing as Arthur42. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Your site recently deleted an entry for another online television series, one that had a rapidly growing following. When that series originally came out, Scott Kurtz of PVP put the link on his site causing a massive increase in popularity. That series had not only Kurtz as a fan, but also a prolific Hollywood producer. In the case of that series, the creators did not make the page, nor did they modify it ever. The fact is the Internet is the new big entertainment medium. An article written by someone who has never met the creators but merely talked to them online is the same as an article written by someone who has never met a celebrity; merely had their fan mail answered. If this is advertising, any page on very minor celebrities can probably also be considered advertising.
 * vote was 's 2nd edit. func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The people at ID2 are NOT celebrities, they have a low number of repeating visits when I checked their counter statistics
 * unsigned by

 * I did not say they were celebrities. I am merely saying that an article about them written by someone who has only talked to them online is no different than an article about Austin O'Brien or someone written by someone who has only corresponded via fan mail. Maybe O'Brien is much more prolific than the folks at ID2, but it doesn't make the page his fan started any less of advertising than the page ID2's fan started.
 * . func (talk) 17:20, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

The idea that the site is visited only by people who "talk to the creators online" is completely made up. The creators of the show have, yes, talked to people online who have visited the forums on the site. However, only ONE PERSON knew them PRIOR TO viewing the show. Commenting is fine, but please at least assure that your comments are truthful.

Also, I have not forged any votes. I noticed that one person did not sign his vote. He didn't know the format to use, so I said I could just fix it for him, and I guess I got the username he gave me (JohnnyLawRoutine) wrong. I'm sorry, I didn't realize how that would look. insertdisctwo (talk)

 * Weak keep. As func said, very well-written for a so-called "vanity" article. Whether it actually is a vanity article or not, well, as someone else commented, wouldn't the mere existence of any article on Wikipedia serve to stroke the ego of its subject(s)? I don't see how it has to be a vanity article merely because the two or three different individuals who have given enough of a crap to vote here haven't heard of it. (I hadn't heard of it before I stumbled across the mention on the ViP page, but I'm not willing to delete based solely on that.)—chris.lawson (talk) 23:33, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Who will actually look up info about this anyways? Stereoface 01:41, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 's first edit—chris.lawson (talk) 01:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Who actually looks up info about half the content on this website? Ianthegecko 03:42, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment You're joking, right? The entire idea of wikipedia is so people can look up and read about just about anything. That's the entire concept of the site. FlyingHat 19:01, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment Stereoface's weak argument was that "nobody will look this up, so we don't need it." Ian was simply saying there's a lot of stuff on Wikipedia that very few people care about to look up, so that shouldn't be grounds for deletion. I believe Ian's point was that Wikipedia should contain information on anything that is in the public eye, just in case people want to look it up, and the statement that "nobody cares about this" is not a strong argument. As you say, the entire idea of Wikipedia is so people can look up anything.

 * Delete there seems to be some sort of war going on over this article and I want to say that I hope this doesn't effect anyone's vote. Please try to judge the facts at hand. That being said, this article does not establish notability. Therefore delete as not-notable. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 23:33, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * But is is difficult, however, to consider this show "not-notable" when there is obviously a strong following supporting it. Granted, it may not be a large or widespread community, but this show obviously has a niche following which its creators received as a result of performing both live as well as online. The fact that many of the show's fans, including the one who authored the page, have come out so strongly to support this article seems to indicate that it is notable, at least in the eyes of its growing fanbase. arthur42 (talk)  18:34, 25 July 2005 (CDT)
 * Above comment by 70.188.248.108, not by Arthur42 as signed.
 * To quote the meatpuppet policy "The reason behind this is, for instance, that an article on an online community should not be kept merely because all members of that community show up to vote for it." Besides, if it's that popular. How come the website only has 1905 hits? --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 10:53, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * If the owners of the site could provide some site statistics attesting to their popularity, then I'll change my vote.

 * Delete for it being non-notable, and kill all sockpuppets. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 01:40, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Whoops, sorry! The 2nd above comment was in fact written by me. I just realized that I forgot to sign in when writing it. Sorry for the misunderstanding. arthur42 (talk)  19:22, 25 July 2005 (CDT)
 * Delete nn advertising. JamesBurns 04:05, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment I already voted, and I don't want to start a fight, and I hope what I'm saying isn't misinterpreted at all, but I don't see how votes that simply say "delete, advertising" can be considered valid when there have been many points listed as to why the entry is not advertising. If you could provide some reasoning as to why you still consider it to be advertising, that would help things make a little more sense (for me, anyway).

"Besides, if it's that popular. How come the website only has 1905 hits?" I think I should probably clarify an earlier comment of mine before it causes further confusion. I defended the show as having a "strong" following. By that, I meant "devoted," as opposed to "large" or "widely popular." My mistake. On a seperate note, perhaps a possible solution would be a compromise. That is, to have the article's author/authors edit the site so it feels more in line with Wikipedia policy and less as a vanity or advertising page, since so many people here seem to feel that it is. Just a thought. arthur42 (talk)  13:04, 26 July 2005 (CDT)

 * I've watched some of the videos and I actually think it's quite funny. You may well have a strong cult following. BUT, I'm sorry, it (IMO) is not currently notable enough for an entry in an encyclopedia. Try again when ID2 has gained wider recognition.
 * Also, I took a look around and I can't see any votes that just say "Advertising". Some say "nn advertising" or "vanity, advertising". This doesn't mean the article is written in a POV way. It means that the voter doesn't consider the subject notable enough for an article. Thus the existence of the article itself may be considered advertising or ego-stroking.
 * That's all I've got to say.--JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 18:35, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, non-notable. Show is very new and does not appear to have had any influence outside of its extremely limited fanbase.  At the moment, the number one result for a Google search on "Insert Disc Two"  is this vote for deletion page--beating out the official website.  While that is probably only the result of fans and foes of the show link-spamming to attract votes, the fact that a VFD page was able to exceed the Google ranking of the show's official website in such a short time is, in my view, a fairly clear indicator of its lack of notability. Aquillion 04:50, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Lara (character)

Lara (née Lara Lor-Van) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, Lara first appeared in the Superman newspaper comic strip in 1939. Lara is the biological mother of Superman, and the wife of scientist Jor-El. Lara Lor-Van is Lara's full maiden name, as "Lor-Van" is the name of Lara's father. Most depictions of Kryptonian culture show that Kryptonian women use their father's full name as their last names before marriage. After marriage, they usually are known simply by their first names, though various versions show they use their husband's full name or last name as their married last name.

Lara's role in the Superman mythos has varied over the years, with her treatment and emphasis often depending on the decade in which she was written. Golden Age and early Silver Age stories treated Lara in a lesser role compared to her husband. However, stories from the 1970s onwards depict Lara in more prominent roles; one such example is the 2004 miniseries Superman: Birthright. After constructing his Fortress of Solitude, Superman honored his deceased biological parents with a statue of Jor-El and Lara holding up a globe of Krypton.

Susannah York portrays Lara in the 1978 film Superman: The Movie, the 1980 film Superman II, and the 1987 film Superman IV: The Quest for Peace. Ayelet Zurer portrayed Lara in the 2013 film Man of Steel, which is set in the DC Extended Universe. Mariana Klaveno portrayed the character in the second season of the television series Superman & Lois.

Golden and Silver Age versions
Lara's first appearance was in the Superman newspaper comic strip on January 16, 1939, where she was first named "Lora." Her first comic book appearance (after being mentioned in the 1942 text novel The Adventures of Superman by George Lowther, where she was named "Lara" for the first time) was in More Fun Comics #101 in January–February 1945. A 1948 retelling of Superman's origin story subsequently delved into detail about Lara, though her more familiar Silver Age aspects became more firmly established starting in the late 1950s and over the next several decades.

After the establishment of DC's multiverse in the early 1960s, the Golden Age version of Superman's mother was stated as having been named "Lora", and lived on the Krypton of the Earth-Two universe. The Silver Age Lara, meanwhile, lived on the Krypton of the Earth-One universe.

A definitive synopsis of the Silver Age Lara's life (summarizing the various stories revealing her history) came in the 1979 miniseries The World of Krypton (not to be confused with the post-Crisis on Infinite Earths late 1980s comic special of the same name).

As summarized in The World of Krypton (and in various other stories), Lara was a promising astronaut in Krypton's space program before it was grounded after Jax-Ur destroyed one of Krypton's inhabited moons. Eventually, Lara met scientist Jor-El, with the two having several adventures together before getting married, such as a time-traveling Lois Lane attempting to seduce Jor-El after failing to marry their son in the future. Some time later, Lara gave birth to the couple's only child, Kal-El.

Early in Jor-El and Lara's marriage, the couple are briefly watched by the Guardians of the Universe, who note that they would have made an excellent Green Lantern.

Lara and Jor-El were shown to be practitioners of the Kryptonian martial art of "klurkor".

When Krypton was about to explode, Lara and Jor-El placed their infant son into an escape rocket built by Jor-El. In most retellings, Jor-El wanted Lara to accompany their son to Earth, but Lara refused, saying their son would have a better chance of reaching Earth without her extra weight. Kal-El's spaceship then took off as Lara and Jor-El perished in Krypton's explosions.

Modern Age versions
After the 1985-1986 miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths and John Byrne's 1986 miniseries The Man of Steel rewrote Superman's origins, details about Lara's background and character were changed. Under Byrne's version, Lara inhabited a cold, emotionally sterile Krypton where even bodily contact was forbidden. Lara's grandmother, Lady Nara, and Seyg-El, Jor-El's father, were the ones who arranged the union between them – so that they might have a child who would fill an opening in the planet's Register of Citizens when another Kryptonian died a rare and untimely death. Jor-El, however, was considered a "throwback" for actually expressing emotions toward his wife Lara, and for his favoring the less sterilized days of past Kryptonian eras. In this version of the mythos, Lara was a librarian and historian of high rank and thought it horrifying that Kal-El would be sent to a "primitive" planet such as Earth. In one story, the adult Kal (now Superman) is transported to the past and encounters his parents moments before Krypton's destruction. Lara is disgusted by what she sees and tells Kal not to approach her, finding him "repellent", even as she is ashamed of her feelings.

In the 2004 Superman miniseries Superman: Birthright, Lara, along with Krypton and Jor-El, more or less again became their Silver Age versions, though with updated touches. In this version, Lara is treated as a fully equal partner to Jor-El in constructing Kal-El's spacecraft and in designing various key components.

In the 2009 series Superman: Secret Origin by Geoff Johns, Superman is first introduced to his birth mother in his teens by the spaceship that brought him to the Earth as a baby. She is introduced to Kal-El by a hologram of Jor-El as his mother. This moment shocks Superman and brings tears to Martha Kent's eyes.

Also in 2009, Lara's own family background is described. Lara Lor-Van is born into the Labor Guild, whose members are not physically abused but have no say in the choices of their lives and who, unlike the members of other guilds, cannot change guilds. Lara became a member of her husband's Science Guild when she married him and was thereby granted all the freedoms granted to other Science Guild members. A member of Krypton's Military Guild describes this as being "raised up."

The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Lara is a member of Krypton's military forces. One of the most talented students on the Military Academy, Lara is both a skilled fighter and a bright scientist.

Lara appears in the "Krypton Returns" storyline. She gives her maiden name as "Lara Van-El."

Other versions

 * An alternate universe version of Lara appears in Art Baltazar's Superman Family Adventures. This version survived Krypton's destruction by escaping into the Phantom Zone. She is eventually freed by her son and accepted into the Superman family.
 * An alternate universe version of Lara appears in Superman: The Last Family of Krypton. This version survived Krypton's destruction and accompanied Jor-El and Kal-El to Earth, where Jor-El sets up the corporation JorCorp while Lara establishes the self-help movement 'Raology'. More open to adapting on Earth, she arranges for Kal-El to be adopted by the Kents so that he can live a more normal life, and later has twin children, Bru-El and Valora, who possess diminished powers due to their 'stunted' genetics. Lex Luthor later transforms Bru-El into a kryptonite-powered superhuman who kills Lara.
 * An alternate universe version of Lara appears in Superman Adventures. This version is a resident of a Kryptonian city that survived Krypton's destruction. However, after spending years drifting in space, Lara has become bitter and egotistical, abducting her universe's Superman and Supergirl and brainwashing them into being dedicated soldiers. When the 'prime' Superman arrives in this world, he joins forces with Jor-El and some of his enemies to stop Lara, at which point Jor-El destroys the city to send Superman home.

Radio
Lara appears in The Adventures of Superman, portrayed by Agnes Moorehead.

Television

 * Lara appears in the Adventures of Superman pilot episode "Superman on Earth", portrayed by Aline Towne.
 * Lara appears in a flashback in the Super Friends episode "The Planet Splitter".
 * Lara appears in the Challenge of the Superfriends episode "Secret Origins of the Super Friends".
 * Lara appears in Superboy, portrayed by Britt Ekland.
 * Lara makes a non-speaking appearance in a flashback in the Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman episode "Foundling", portrayed by Eliza Roberts.
 * Lara appears in the Superman: The Animated Series pilot episode "The Last Son of Krypton", voiced by Finola Hughes. This version is depicted with elements of her Silver Age and Modern Age selves, being headstrong and an equal partner to Jor-El.
 * Lara appears in the Pinky and the Brain episode "Two Mice and a Baby", voiced by Tress MacNeille.
 * Lara makes a cameo appearance in the Dilbert episode "The Delivery".
 * Lara makes a cameo appearance in the Justice League episode "Twilight".
 * Lara appears in the Robot Chicken episode "Especially the Animal Keith Crofford!", voiced by Vanessa Hudgens.
 * Lara appears in Smallville, portrayed initially by Kendall Cross and later by Helen Slater.
 * Lara appears in the pilot episode of Supergirl, portrayed by Ana Franchesca Rousseau.
 * Lara appears in Superman & Lois, portrayed by Mariana Klaveno. Additionally, a Bizarro World incarnation appears in the episode "Bizarros in a Bizarro World".
 * The Fortess of Solitude's statue of Lara appears in Young Justice.
 * Lara appears in My Adventures with Superman, voiced by Rhea Seehorn. An A.I. copy of her works for Brainiac alongside an A.I. copy of Jor-El as seen in "Pierce the Heavens, Superman!" They try to delete Lois' mind from the Black Mercy that is used on Superman's body only to keep failing until Superman regained his memory and forced Brainiac back into his own body.

Films

 * Lara appears in Superman (1948), portrayed by Luana Walters.
 * Lara appears in Atom Man vs. Superman, portrayed again by Luana Walters.
 * Lara appears in Richard Donner's Superman films Superman (1978), Superman II (1980) and Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), portrayed by Susannah York.
 * Lara appears in a flashback in All-Star Superman.
 * Lara appears in Man of Steel, portrayed by Ayelet Zurer. Additionally, Julia Ormond and Connie Nielsen were considered for the role before Zurer was cast.
 * An alternate universe version of Lara appears in Justice League: Gods and Monsters, voiced by Lauren Tom.
 * Lara makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies.
 * Lara appears in Batman and Superman: Battle of the Super Sons, voiced by Myrna Velasco.
 * Lara appears in DC League of Super-Pets, voiced by Lena Headey.

Video games

 * Lara appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
 * The Man of Steel version of Lara appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham.
 * Lara makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Injustice 2.

title: Lara (character)


text:
Butter cake

A butter cake is a cake in which one of the main ingredients is butter. Butter cake is baked with basic ingredients: butter, sugar, eggs, flour, and leavening agents such as baking powder or baking soda. It is considered one of the quintessential cakes in American baking. Butter cake originated from the English pound cake, which traditionally used equal amounts of butter, flour, sugar, and eggs to bake a heavy, rich cake.

History
The invention of baking powder and other chemical leavening agents during the 19th century substantially increased the flexibility of this traditional pound cake by introducing the possibility of creating lighter, fluffier cakes using these traditional combinations of ingredients, and it is this transformation that brought about the modern butter cake.

Ingredients and technique
Butter cakes are traditionally made using a creaming method, in which the butter and sugar are first beaten until fluffy to incorporate air into the butter. Eggs are then added gradually, creating an emulsion, followed by alternating portions of wet and dry ingredients. Butter cakes are typically rich and moist when stored at room temperature, but they tend to stiffen, dry out, and lose flavor when refrigerated, making them unsuitable for filling or frosting in advance with ingredients that must be refrigerated, such as cream cheese frosting and pastry cream.

title: Butter cake


text:
Daniel Braaten

Daniel Omoya Braaten (born 25 May 1982) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a winger. He has previously played for Skeid, Rosenborg, Bolton Wanderers, Toulouse, Brann and Stabæk. Of Nigerian descent, he was capped 52 times for the Norway national team, scoring 4 goals.

Early career

Braaten was born in Oslo, Norway. He started his career in the Skeid youth academy at the age of six. He later won the Norwegian Junior Cup with the team in 1999, aged 17. The following year he was promoted to the first team, where he played for four years before joining giants Rosenborg BK in 2004, after 102 caps and 22 goals for Skeid. Before signing for Rosenborg, Braaten had attracted interest from various clubs in Norway and abroad, and had a trial with French side RC Lens in late 2003 with Daniel Fredheim Holm. Braaten had however trained with Rosenborg as early as autumn 2002, but was still in contract with Skeid, before signing in 2004 for approximately £250,000.

Braaten had become one of the most profiled players of the Norwegian Premier League, through his colourful, untraditional and artistic playing style. He had become known especially for his individual technical skills and physical strength, and as a player who did unexpected things on the field, surprising both opposing players and the audience. He was famous not only for his pace, but also for his mastery of the seal dribble, an incredibly difficult trick involving running while bouncing (and controlling) the ball on top of the head.

European career

On 3 August 2007, Braaten signed for Bolton Wanderers for a reported fee of £450,000. He scored his first goal in English football just over three weeks later, netting the final goal in Bolton's 3–0 win over Reading. He failed to secure a permanent spot on the team, however, and after a tough season in England, Braaten signed a three-year contract with French side Toulouse on 25 June 2008. He was included as part of the deal which saw Johan Elmander move to Bolton. He scored his first league goal in Toulouse's 4–1 victory over Paris Saint-Germain. He performed a unique celebration by spinning on his back while spinning upwards at the same time after scoring his first goal for the club. He was released from his contract in July 2013.

Two months later, in September, Braaten signed a one-year-long deal with Danish side Copenhagen, where he was given shirt no. 22. During his time in the Danish capital, he scored one goal in the league and a back-heel goal in the UEFA Champions League to secure a 1–0 victory over Galatasaray. At the end of the season Braaten left Copenhagen without a new contract and returned to Norway.

Return to Norway
On 9 February 2015, Braaten signed a one-year deal with Kjetil Rekdal and Vålerenga in the Norwegian Tippeliga after almost eight months as a free agent. He scored his first, and only, goal for his new club away versus Sandefjord on his birthday, 25 May. On 3 December 2015, it was announced that his contract would not be renewed, something that surprised many critics as he had performed well in the previous season. After training with SK Brann during the winter, he signed a one-year contract with the club on 21 February 2016, his fourth club in just as many years. After 55 games for Brann, he left the club at the end of the 2018 season.

International career

After playing four matches for Norway U18 in 2000, and two matches for Norway U21 in 2003, Braaten made his debut for Norway on 22 January 2004 in a friendly match against Sweden, when playing for Skeid in Adeccoligaen, the second-tier league in Norway. His first international goal came against Estonia, in a Friendly match on 20 April 2005, a game Norway won 2–1. As of May 2018, he has been capped 52 times for Norway, scoring four goals.

International

 * Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Braaten goal

Honours
Rosenborg
 * Tippeligaen: 2004, 2006

title: Daniel Braaten


text:
Pretoria Boys High School

Pretoria Boys High School (colloquially known as "Boys High") is a public, tuition-charging, English-medium high school for boys situated in the suburb of Brooklyn in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa, founded in 1901 by Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner.

The school enrols over 1,500 pupils, including 300 boarders, from South Africa and beyond, managed by about 100 full-time staff.

Though the school itself was founded in 1901, its neoclassical red-brick style main school buildings date from 1909, maintaining provincial heritage site status. A new media centre, library and music centre was completed in 2016. The 40-hectare school grounds also include a second campus, 'Pollock Campus', as well as sporting and recreational facilities. Three boarding houses are located on the school grounds: Rissik House and Solomon House are part of the original school complex completed in 1909, while School House was built later in 1920.

Its sister school is Pretoria High School for Girls, founded in 1902.

History
The antecedent of the current school is the historic Staats Model School, built 1896-1897 by the government of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (later Transvaal) in central Pretoria. Alfred Fernández Harington was appointed English master on 1 October 1895. The school was not in operation for very long owing to the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899. At the time, the building served as a prison, where notably Winston Churchill was briefly imprisoned.

The school was part of the whites-only education system, until the abolition of apartheid.

Pretoria High School (1901–1903)
With Pretoria under British control, it became apparent to Lord Milner, the Colonial Secretary at the time, that the educational facilities in the city needed attention as there was no secondary school for English-speaking pupils. The Staats Model School was duly refurbished. It was renamed Pretoria High School and became the first of the so-called Milner schools in the Transvaal, opening on 3 June 1901 with Charles Hope - who also founded Potchefstroom Boys High - as headmaster. Initial enrolment was 32 pupils, both boys and girls, which increased to 132 by August of that year. Hope left 15 months later, along with the girls, who were finally accommodated into the old building of the former Transvaal Republic's Staatsmeischjeskool (State Girls' School), which was renamed Pretoria High School for Girls.

Pretoria College (1903–1909)
Under the new headmaster, Harold Atkinson, enrolment increased to 100 boys by 1903. The name of the school was also changed to Pretoria College. Atkinson left at the end of 1905 and was succeeded by J F Acheson who stayed with the school until it moved from Skinner Street to its current site in 1909. Formal devolution between primary and high school pupils only occurred in 1905.

The new buildings and bilingualism (1910-1920)
Milner's intention was to create a stable educational infrastructure in the new colony's capital and duly set aside 200 ha of ground to the south-east of central Pretoria for the construction of new academic institutions. The southernmost 60 ha, which included the Waterkloof Kop (English: Waterkloof Hill), was chosen as the new site for Pretoria Boys High School. The architect, Patrick Eagle, met the challenge by designing an edifice rivalling its larger contemporary, Sir Herbert Baker's Union Buildings. Eagle chose to site the main buildings on the ridge of the hill giving the school its well-known dramatic setting.

The new school buildings were officially opened in 1909 by Jan Smuts, then colonial secretary of the Transvaal. The main building of the school, sited on Waterkloof Hill, is at present close to University of Pretoria, sitting opposite to the distant Union Buildings on Meintjieskop.

One year later, the four colonies of the Transvaal, Orange River Colony, Natal and the Cape formed the Union of South Africa. Keen to forge unity between English and Dutch (Afrikaner) South Africans, Smuts' influence was evident when, on 6 April 1910, the school absorbed 100 boys and staff from the Dutch-medium Eendracht High School to form a dual-medium high school. The combined school was now named Pretoria High School for Boys - Pretoria Hogere school voor Jongens. Smuts would later send his own sons to the school.

Devolution and re-establishment (1920)
The dual-medium institution would last ten years. By 1920, the divide between English and Afrikaans speakers had become apparent nationwide; this was reflected in the need for a separate Afrikaans high school in Pretoria. Consequently, the Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool was formed immediately south of its parent, becoming the first Afrikaans-medium high school in the country, several years before Afrikaans attained official recognition as a language (and not a semi-creole of Dutch). The two schools enjoy close ties to this day, especially in rivalry in sporting events. PBHS would now be left in its present form, known as Pretoria Boys High School, an English-medium public school.

Headmasters since 1909

 * William Hofmeyr (1909–1935)
 * Daniel Matheson (1936–1949)
 * Noel Pollock (1950–1955)
 * Desmond Abernethy (1956–1973)
 * Malcolm Armstrong (1974–1989)
 * William E. Schroder (1990–2009)
 * Anthony Reeler (2010-June 2020)
 * Gregary Hassenkamp (July 2020-)

Heraldry
According to Illsley, each component of the badge has a special meaning relating to the history and spirit of the school. The shield component of the badge is divided into four quadrants, with the book representing learning, the tools the wealth of the Transvaal through gold mining, the tree growth and the ox wagon the Transvaal. The background colours of the four quadrants were the colours of the first four houses when given permanent names, i.e. Town red, Solomon gold, Sunnyside black and Rissik green.

The school songs
The official school song, Tis Here We Learn To Live, was written in the 1930s by two Old Boys. The composer of the music, George Findlay, was a prominent Pretoria dermatologist. However, the school later adopted Forty Years On, originally the school song of Harrow School in London. It is this song that is sung at all school valedictions. The official school song was relegated to obscurity until it was revived as the school's rugby anthem.

Cultural activities
Cultural activities include a well-established musical tradition, as well as a plethora of clubs and societies. These include photography, fantasy and historical war games, aeronautical, film, wildlife, drama, debating, chess, public speaking, creative writing and science clubs. The school newspaper "Boys Highlights" is published and distributed each term.

The school's Music Centre is regarded as one of the best in the country. The following ensembles frequently perform at school functions and external events:

 * Symphony orchestra
 * Big band
 * Dixie band
 * String quartet
 * Brass choir
 * Clarinet ensemble
 * Saxophone ensemble
 * The Salon Boys
 * "Boere Orkes"
 * Pipe band
 * Choir
 * Vocal ensemble also known as the Harmonics

Athletics and leisure
Sporting facilities include soccer, rugby union, cricket, Olympic standard athletics grounds, tennis, squash and basketball courts, a gymnasium, hockey fields, two swimming pools including one for waterpolo, an AstroTurf and a rock-climbing wall. There is also a man-made pine forest, an old shooting range which has been converted for the purpose of archery, an amphitheatre and an artificial lake, Loch Armstrong. The grounds form a protected bird sanctuary and are home to several different species of birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.

Sports
The sports that are played at the school are:
 * Archery
 * Athletics
 * Basketball
 * Chess
 * Cricket
 * Cross country
 * Cycling
 * Climbing
 * Fencing
 * Golf
 * Hockey
 * Mountain biking
 * Rowing
 * Rugby
 * Rugby sevens
 * Football (soccer)
 * Squash
 * Swimming
 * Table tennis
 * Tennis
 * Water polo

School buildings
The new school buildings were officially opened in 1909 by Jan Smuts, then colonial secretary of the Transvaal. The main building of the school, sited on Waterkloof Hill, is at present close to University of Pretoria, sitting opposite to the distant Union Buildings on Meintjieskop.

Houses
Pretoria Boys High School is made up of ten constituent houses, each with its own culture and identity. House assemblies are held weekly, and house prefects are appointed annually. Annual inter-house sports meetings take place in which every pupil is encouraged to participate. The inter-house swim meet (gala) is the most popular and well-attended of sport meetings.

Boarding houses

 * Solomon
 * Rissik
 * School

Day-boy houses

 * Abernethy
 * Arcadia
 * Armstrong
 * Hofmeyr
 * Matheson
 * Sunnyside
 * Town

The Old Boys Association
Pretoria Boys High School has a network of Old Boys, forming one of the largest alumni organisations in South Africa. Pretoria Boys High School Old Boys Association publishes an annual journal and review, The Phobian, which is distributed to Old Boys across the globe. Members of the association meet annually at the school for the annual dinner, and regular reunions of each matriculating group are organised 10, 20, 30 and 40 years on, echoing the refrain of the school song, Forty Years On.

Notable alumni
The school has produced two Nobel Prize laureates, eighteen Rhodes scholars, eight Supreme Court judges, an archbishop, two English Premier League football players, seven national cricketers and four Springbok rugby players • Eddie Barlow, South African cricketer

• Jackie Botten, South African cricketer

• Edwin Cameron, Constitutional Court judge and AIDS activist

• Billy Downer, Advocate of the Supreme Court, National Prosecutor and Rhodes scholar

• David Epstein, mathematician and Fellow of the Royal Society

• Philip Evans, South African national football player

• Mark Fish, South Africa international football player

• Bernard Friedman, politician, writer, surgeon and founder of the Progressive Party

• Ken Funston, South African cricketer and hockey player

• Brian Galgut, Deputy Judge President of the KwaZulu-Natal High Court

• Damon Galgut, author, winner of the 2021 Booker Prize

• Ian Goldin, Professor of Globalisation and Development at Balliol College, Oxford, director of the Oxford Martin Research Programmes

• Peter Hain, British Cabinet Minister

• Glen Hall, South African cricketer

• Simon Harmer, South African cricketer

• Dennis Jensen, Australian politician and member of the Australian House of Representatives

• Ian Kantor, co-founder of Investec Bank

• Bernard Kantor, Managing Director of Investec Bank

• Charles Kimberlin Brain (C. K. 'Bob' Brain), paleontologist, cave taphonomist

• Richard Kunzmann, novelist

• Michael Levitt, Nobel Prize laureate for chemistry 2013 attended the school for two years

• Aiden Markram, South African cricketer and captain of the 2014 U-19 Cricket World Cup winning side

• Gerard Moerdijk, Architect best known for designing the Voortrekker Monument

• Chris Morris, South African cricketer

• Elon Musk, internet, space, electric car, renewable energy entrepreneur and Fellow of the Royal Society

• Oscar Pistorius, 100m Paralympic sprint champion (Beijing, 2008) also notorious for having murdered his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp

• Chiliboy Ralepelle, Springbok Rugby player

• Vause Raw, South African politician and leader of the New Republic Party (NRP)

• John Smit, captain of the RWC 2007 winning Springbok team

• Nico Panagio, actor & presenter

• JP Ferreira, international rugby coach

• Max Theiler, Nobel Prize laureate for physiology or medicine 1951 who produced the vaccine against yellow fever;

• Francois Viljoen, U.S. men's national rugby union Eagles player

• Rik de Voest, professional South African tennis player

• Tucker Vorster, South African tennis player

• Roy Wegerle, US international football (soccer) player.

• Duduzane Zuma, son of former South African president, Jacob Zuma, and prominent acolyte of the Gupta family accused of corruption and the negligent death of a pedestrian.

title: Pretoria Boys High School


text: User talk:82.44.162.206

title: User talk:82.44.162.206


text:
Talk:Edward Abbey

Death
Was his cirrhosis caused by alcoholism? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 22:45, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

Musician
Did Abbey play the flute? 76.190.213.189 (talk) 02:02, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edward Abbey


text:
Platform (novel)

Platform (Plateforme) is a 2001 novel by French writer Michel Houellebecq (translated into English by Frank Wynne). It has received both great praise and great criticism, most notably for the novel's apparent condoning of sex tourism and Islamophobia. After describing Islam as "the most stupid religion" in a published interview about the book, Houellebecq was charged for inciting racial and religious hatred but the charges were ultimately dismissed, as it has been ruled that the right to free speech encompasses the right to criticize religions.

The novel and its author have been deemed "prophetic" or "prescient", as the last part depicts an Islamic terrorist attack which bears strong similarities with the bombings in Bali in October 2002, about a year later (and the novel was published on 27 August 2001, a few days before the 11 September 2001 attacks). A similar coincidence, involving Houellebecq, Islam and terrorism, would occur 13 years later, when his novel Submission, dealing with Islam again (although in a more nuanced and less confrontational way), was published on 7 January 2015, the day of the Charlie Hebdo shooting.

A play in Spanish based on the book, adapted and directed by Calixto Bieito, premiered at the 2006 Edinburgh International Festival.

Plot summary
The story is the first-person narrative of a fictional character named Michel Renault, a Parisian civil servant who, after the death of his father and thanks to a hefty inheritance, engages in sex tourism in Thailand, where he meets a travel agent named Valérie. Valerie and Renault begin an affair, and, after moving back to France, hatch a plan with Valerie's boss (who works in the travel industry in the Aurore group, an allusion to the real-life Accor group) to launch a new variety of package holiday called "friendly tourism", implicitly aimed at Europeans looking for a sexual experience whilst on vacation. Single men and women—and even couples—are to be targeted, and would vacation in specially designed "Aphrodite Clubs".

Initially, the name "Venus clubs"—an allusion to the Villa Venus clubs dreamed of by Eric Veen in Vladimir Nabokov's classic Ada or Ardor—is suggested, but is rejected as being too explicit. It is decided that Thailand is the best location for the new clubs, with the advertising making it clear that Thai women would also be easily available. The tours are to be marketed predominantly to German consumers, as it is perceived that there will be less moral outrage in Germany than in France.

Michel, Valerie and her boss Jean-Yves travel to Thailand on one of their company's tours incognito and enjoy an idyllic holiday. They decide that they will move to Thailand permanently, to perpetuate the bliss they experience there. However, towards the end of their holiday, Muslim extremists commit a terrorist act in which Valérie is killed. Michel is left bereft, and at the end of the novel he travels back to Thailand to die. At this point, the reader realizes that the novel is in fact his suicide note.

Reception
Upon release, Platform was generally well-received among the British press. According to Book Marks, the book received "mixed" reviews based on 8 critic reviews with 1 being "rave" and 4 being "positive" and 1 being "mixed" and 2 being "pan". Globally, Complete Review saying on the consensus " No consensus, with almost no one completely enthusiastic".

title: Platform (novel)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amico mio

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete -- Francs2000 | Talk 12:36, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Amico mio
Non-notable use of Italian phrase. Delete. Joel7687 15:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Wiktionary if possible -Renata3 16:22, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; used as slang in this way it is a neologism. Ciao.
 * Delete nn foreign slang dicdef. JamesBurns 04:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, article itself says it's limited to a single message board. Well, we have funny slang words we use in my neighborhood, too, but I'm not postin' 'em to Wikipedia. ;-) Xaa 23:41, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The Saga of Baby Divine

The Saga of Baby Divine is a children's picture book written by Bette Midler and illustrated by Todd Schorr. It was originally published in 1983 by Crown Publishers, New York.

It has been shown in a poster produced by the American Library Association, one of a series of posters where American celebrities such as Paul Newman, Isiah Thomas, and Michael J. Fox implored people to patronize their libraries and read. In 1985, Bette Midler was shown in one such poster with a copy of The Saga of Baby Divine.

title: The Saga of Baby Divine


text:
Aspermia

Aspermia is the complete lack of semen with ejaculation (not to be confused with azoospermia, the lack of sperm cells in the semen). It is associated with infertility.

One of the causes of aspermia is retrograde ejaculation, because of that the sperm is kept into the bladder and the final ejaculate is 0 mL. It can be brought on by excessive drug use, or as a result of prostate surgery. It can also be caused by alpha blockers such as tamsulosin and silodosin.

Another cause of aspermia is ejaculatory duct obstruction, which may result in a complete lack or a very low-concentration of semen (oligospermia), in which the semen contains only the secretion of accessory prostate glands downstream to the orifice of the ejaculatory ducts.

Aspermia can be caused by androgen deficiency. This can be the result of absence of puberty, in which the prostate gland and seminal vesicles (which are the main sources of semen) remain small due to lack of androgen exposure and do not produce seminal fluid, or of treatment for prostate cancer, such as maximal androgen blockade.

It is important not to confuse aspermia with azoospermia, which is a pathological condition in which ejaculation occurs but no sperm are found in the semen. In aspermia, spermatozoa are produced, but they cannot be ejaculated. The sperm remain in the urinary bladder, where they die due to the acidic environment of the urine. To prevent this death of the sperm, oral bicarbonate is administered for a while, which bases the urine, so that the sperm are no longer exposed to such a hostile environment and could be collected from the urine to be used in IVF.

title: Aspermia