text:
Talk:Steinbach, Manitoba

Untitled
Steinbach is a German Name and can be translated as Stonecreek ('Stein'=Stone + 'Bach'='Creek')
 * Actually, the word "creek" is American. In Steinbach, you will notice that a few businesses and organizations have the name Stony Brook (Dance Co., Fellowship, Pantry, etc.) but never Stony Creek. Look at the official Steinbach website and you will see only "stony brook" as the definition.
 * Skol fir (talk) 18:59, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I found mention of a company by the name of Stone Creek Trusses Inc., but they based their name on a misnomer, as far as I am concerned. There are other instances of "Stone Creek" as part of a business name in Steinbach, but they are just the anglicized versions of Stony Brook, and it's close enough to the original to pass muster. :)
 * Skol fir (talk) 19:40, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Also, it is written in the Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language that "A creek is an inlet or recess in the shore of the sea that is smaller than a river. A brook is a natural stream of fresh water. A stream is a steady flowing current of water flowing into a channel or watercourse such as a river, brook or ocean. A branch is any tributary stream, smaller than a river or a bayou."
 * --Skol fir (talk) 00:18, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Is that High German, Plattduutch, or the same in both? —Michael Z. 2005-07-13 17:03 Z

 * High German. Plattdeutsch is a dialect of High German spoken esp. by old people in sections of Northern Germany. Maybe "Steen" would be "Stein" in Plattdeutsch. 84.60.97.209 23:06, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Good History Resource
There is a wealth of information on Steinbach in the books:

Hanover 100 years (author to come...)

Heritage of Steinbach (? actual name and author to come...)

Both of these books can be found at the SRSS library, and possibly at the Jake Epp library Sylvielmna (talk) 22:38, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Edits in the "Access" section
The "Access" section has "em" dashes separating the main clause from a parenthetic phrase. I would like to point out that the use of the open set en-dash is also acceptable, as I was trying to do, using two hyphens to represent an en dash (given that a normal QWERTY keyboard does not have an easy way to type the dashes). Obviously, User:JonHarder felt it necessary to go against the The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage as they even recommend the use of the open set em-dash. Also you can find more info about this topic at Wiki: Dash. In particular, see the section, "According to most American sources (e.g., The Chicago Manual of Style) and to some British sources (e.g., The Oxford Guide to Style), an em dash should always be set closed (not surrounded by spaces). But the practice in many parts of the English-speaking world, also the style recommended by The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, sets it open (separates it from its surrounding words by using spaces  or hair spaces (U+200A)) when it is being used parenthetically. Some writers, finding the em dash unappealingly long, prefer to use an open-set en dash. This "space, en dash, space" sequence is also the predominant style in German and French typography." --Skol fir (talk) 00:09, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * The Wikipedia standard is defined in the Manual of Style. The em dash for this use is preferred, and the spaced en dash is an acceptable alternative. I took the double hyphen as an em dash. To enter either without a unicode keyboard use &mdash; or &ndash;. ✤ JonHarder talk 01:46, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * I understand now. Thanks for the information. I bookmarked the Manual of Style from Wikipedia for future reference. Skol fir (talk) 00:15, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * WT:MOS is actively being discussed now. You might be interested in contributing. ✤ JonHarder talk 00:31, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Something about Steinbach, Manitoba
The Russian Mennonites speak Plautdietsch, a German dialect with plattdeutsche origin. I have a question: Is in Steinbach a Mennonite Church with worships? Are Russia-German people from Steinbach speaking Plautdietsch or nowadays English? Grüße von Simon Mayer.
 * Most people in Steinbach speak English, but a large proportion - certainly a majority among the elderly and a large minority of the under-40s - can speak Plautdietsch. Those born in Canada since 1930 all speak fluent English, but some returnees from Paraguay speak only Plautdietsch fluently.  Many also speak and read standard German.  Ich kan allein ein Bisschen Deutsch noch sprechen.  Ich las etwas besser.  Meine Mutter komt von Steinbach und spricht noch fließend Plautdietsch, aber ich nicht.

 * As for the Mennonite Church. Mennonites are still a large part of the population of Steinbach - I think a majority even now - and there are still many Mennonite churches in the city.  When I was young, most of them had English worship services in the morning and German ones at night.  But now there aren't so many people who still need the German, so it's been partially abandoned.

 * Does that answer your question? --Diderot 20:57, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Ja, vielen Dank für Deine Antwort! Weißt Du vielleicht noch, wie viele Russlandmennoniten in ganz Kanada leben? ''Perhabs you can answer this, too: How many Russian Mennonites are living all over Canada now? Thank You. Gottes Segen und Frieden für Dich, SimonMayer.''

 * Maybe 150,000 when viewed as an ethnicity. But a lot of those 150,000 don't go to Mennonite churches - or necessarily any church at all - and may not think of themselves as Mennonite at all.  I'm ethnically Mennonite, but I neither attend church nor speak the traditional language of the Russian Mennonites. As a religion, it's really hard to say.  Mennonites proselytize - maybe half or more of the global Mennonite population is not ethnically Mennonite.  Many religious Mennonites identify themselves as evangelicals but resist labeling themselves as Mennonite.  As an identity, "Russian Mennonite" is dying off quickly.  Every year fewer and fewer people see themselves in that label.  --Diderot 18:50, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

I have some experience with Seventh-Day-Adventists in Germany. In my next community (Adventgemeinde) there are a lot of Russian-Germans from Kazakhstan. Their ancastors were Mennonites. When some Russian-Mennonites immigrated to the U.S.A. they heard about the Adventmessage (Adventbotschaft) and they reported their relatives in Russia and they turned to the Seventh-Day-Adventism. Do you know if their descendants in America make uo own closed communities?

Pronunciation?
What's current pronunciation for Steinbach? German, english ? --Tigga en 06:12, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

"it is STINE-back" Special:Contributions/216.73.67.134 (talk)- address traced to U. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba (school)

Fair use rationale for Image:City of Steinbach Seal.gif
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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:52, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Mennonite or German?
I noticed that the lede had a statement at one point about a strong "German" influence. Someone changed that to "Dutch Anabaptist". This edit was clearly wrong, so I had changed it recently to "Mennonite" as a compromise for those who thought "German" might be too general and would imply direct immigration from the current country of Germany. Now User talk:Dolovis, on the prompting of a sockpuppet User:Babafat22a spreading false accusations of dishonest editing against me, has asked for a citation for this fact. I noticed that you gave a very thorough explanation at User talk:Babafat22a, relating to Dutch anabaptists, about the origins and current make-up of Steinbach, in terms of ethnicity. Thanks for backing me up here on this issue.

Do you have a reference for this assumption, that the Mennonites are over 90% of those that claim German as their first language? With the recent immigration of German Kazachs, through Germany and then to Canada, it might be more likely that only about 80% of all German-speaking residents are of Mennonite heritage, giving a combined proportion of over 40% Mennonite and maybe 15% German (from Germany). I guess this needs to be backed up with some reference, or it might be a point of contention in the future. --Skol fir (talk) 15:42, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I think it is a pretty hard thing to pinpoint, especially with only the short form census this year. Any results from the long form census paper are likely to be debatable at best, which will not lend that much credibility to this debate. Regardless it is hard to tell from the census as to what the actual Mennonite population is. As a resident of Steinbach the Low German language is dying out and there is a huge increase in the actual German immigration population. The Mennonite influence to me seems primarily historical and even religiously most Mennonites now instead go to Evangelical churches with few actually practicing as Mennonites. But that is about all I can contribute to this discussion right now. Krazytea ( talk ) 06:56, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

 * We could just shorten the sentence in the lede to " The city continues to have a strong Mennonite influence today." I would remove the part that says -- "with over 50 percent of the residents claiming Mennonite heritage..." because we cannot back up that claim. It has more to do with language than religion, as the only poll you can use as a reference just says that over 50% claim to have German ethnic origin, and that is a pretty broad statement. --Skol fir (talk) 18:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I do not really see a reason why we do not include both, one is language and recent immigration trend that grew from the Low German origins. The other is a religious, language, and historical nature of the original citizens of Steinbach. You are right in that when you say German is too broad but to simply put Mennonite and German influence I think covers everything with three simple words. I guess what I am saying is that there are two distinct (yet related) flavours to Steinbach when we talk about the contemporary influences on the town. Krazytea ( talk ) 19:47, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I should also add that the original statement read that over 50% claim German heritage which I think is quite important as it is fairly unique and is what Steinbach has a claim to fame for in Manitoba where it is primarily Anglo-Saxon, French, or Ukrainian (Dauphin) in most of the foundings of the settlements in Manitoba which is why it was included in the first place. Winkler would be the other on the West Reserve. Krazytea ( talk ) 19:53, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree to those changes that you suggest -- 1) Mennonite and German influence; 2) over 50% claim German heritage. That shows the actual state of the ethnic or cultural origins of Steinbach, without someone thinking that by German, we mean only language, or by Mennonite, we mean only religion. That is a good compromise. --Skol fir (talk) 20:14, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

german public radio special on steinbach
FYI: steinbach im deutschlandfunk, wednesday, august 14, via internet-stream: www.dradio.de. Maximilian (talk) 23:52, 11 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110703111825/http://142.206.64.82/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4602044&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Steinbach&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= to http://142.206.64.82/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4602044&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Steinbach&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
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Translation in lead
User:MarcHarder1 has been edit warring to include "(Plautdietsch: /ˈʃte̞nbah/ or /ˈʃte̞nbax/)" in the first sentence of the article. This has been discouraged by a consensus of editors:
 * At MOS:FOREIGN: "Foreign terms should be used sparingly."
 * At MOS:FIRST: "Be wary of cluttering the first sentence with a long parenthesis containing alternative spellings, pronunciations, etc., which can make the sentence difficult to actually read; this information can be placed elsewhere."
 * At MOS:LEADLANG: "If the subject of the article is closely associated with a non-English language, a single foreign language equivalent name can be included in the lead sentence, usually in parentheses." In this instance, the example provided of a language being "closely associated" is Chernivtsi Oblast, located IN THE UKRAINE, where a Ukrainian translation is permitted.  While "Plautdietsch" and other languages are mentioned in this article about Steinbach, it certainly does not compare to Chernivtsi Oblast, where the only official language is Ukrainian.  Imagine the cluttered disarray Wikipedia readers would be subjected to if every language somewhat associated with a place were listed in the first sentence.  The input of others would be appreciated. Magnolia677 (talk) 22:56, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Plautdietsch is the primary language of ~1/4 of Steinbach, while Chernivtsi Oblast, which you used as an example, has a Romanian population of about 12%, yet has a Romanian translation in the first sentence

 * Also, Ukraine, not the Ukraine MarcHarder1 (talk) 23:16, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Given that this community is founded by low-German Plautdietsch speakers, is named by Plautdietsch speakers, and a large and significant low-German population continues in the community, I believe a single non-English pronunciation of this language seems merited.  Words in the Wind  (talk) 23:21, 12 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree, but not in the first sentence of the article. There are many other places in the article where it would be more useful to readers. Magnolia677 (talk) 09:41, 13 January 2022 (UTC)
 * an etymology section probably would not hurt. Just looking at other dual language communities, using the obvious French examples Montreal and Trois Rivieres for examples, does provide a less obtrusive dual pronunciation using small font. I understand the MOS opinion though, not sure where it came from and why it does not seem to be enforced anywhere. It looks like by convention this is the common usage on Wikipedia pages. I am open to discussion, just providing my vote though as per your original post.  Words in the Wind  (talk) 22:57, 14 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steinbach, Manitoba


text:
Chan Hon Goh

Chan Hon Goh, C.M (born in 1969 in Beijing, China), is a Chinese ballerina based in Canada. Goh was most notably a principal dancer with The National Ballet of Canada before going on to become a published author, director, teacher, executive producer, and entrepreneur.

Early life
Chan Hon Goh was born in 1969 in Beijing, China to Choo Chiat Goh and Lin Yee Goh. Both of her parents were Principal Dancers with The National Ballet of China and her uncle, Choo San Goh, was an acclaimed American choreographer and Associate Director of the Washington Ballet. In 1976, during the height of political unrest, they left China for Vancouver, British Columbia, where they established the Goh Ballet Academy. In Vancouver, Chan Hon Goh took her first ballet class at age 9. By age 13, Goh was training in Goh Ballet’s Professional Division and went on to perform as part of their Youth Company and at various international competitions. During her time as a student, Goh became the first Canadian to be awarded a prize at The Royal Academy of Dance’s Genée International Ballet Competition and the Prix de Lausanne in Switzerland.

Stage career
Chan Hon Goh began her professional career with The National Ballet of Canada in 1988. She progressed to Second Soloist in 1990, to First Soloist in 1992 and in 1994, Goh became the first ever Principal Dancer of Chinese heritage in the company’s history.

During her stage career, Goh danced lead roles in ballets such as Romeo and Juliet, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, Onegin and the title roles in Giselle, Madame Butterfly and La Sylphide. Of particular note was her extensive Balanchine repertoire. Goh had multiple roles created for her at The National Ballet of Canada. She was chosen to perform in the company’s premieres of works by contemporary choreographers John Neumeier, Christopher Wheeldon, and Jirí Kylián, among others.

Goh frequently appeared as a Principal Guest Artist with the Suzanne Farrell Ballet (Kennedy Center for Performing Arts) and with major ballet companies in Europe, Australia, North America and Asia. Dancers Goh has partnered with include Vladimir Malakov, Peter Boal and Johan Kolberg.

Over two decades later, on May 31, 2009, Chan Hon Goh danced her farewell performance as Giselle at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts in Toronto, Ontario with The National Ballet of Canada.

Career off-stage
In 1996, with her husband Chun Che (also a former Principal Dancer with The National Ballet of China), Goh launched her own shoe brand "Principal by Chan Hon Goh®." The company manufactures pointe shoes and dance slippers.

Chan Hon Goh is also a published author. In 2002, Goh's autobiography (co-written with Cary Fagan) entitled Beyond the Dance: A Ballerina's Life was released by Random House. The book was a finalist for the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction and The Rocky Mountain Book Awards.

In 2010 Chan Hon Goh became the director of the Goh Ballet Academy. In 2019, Chan Hon Goh opened a second studio location in Toronto, Goh Ballet Bayview. For the past 20 years, Goh has been an honorary advisor to the Chinese Cultural Centre of Greater Toronto.

Awards and honours
Chan Hon Goh’s accomplishments have garnered several awards including the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, the YWCA Women of Distinction Award, the New Pioneers Arts Award and the Best Teacher Award at the World Ballet Competition. In 2019, Goh was appointed as a member to the Order of Canada for her excellence in ballet as a principal dancer, artistic director and cultural ambassador. Goh was recognized as the recipient of an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia for her significant contributions to society.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chan Hon Goh


text:
Nite-Wing

Nite-Wing (Tad Ryerstad) is a fictional character in the DC Comics series Nightwing. He is an antagonist, a fascist foil to the eponymous superhero (Dick Grayson).

Obsessed with becoming a superhero to attain purpose, fame, and wealth, Ryerstad based his vigilantism on mass culture such as comic books, films, television and paperbacks, his hates and prejudices, and accusations against him (despite his claims to be fighting injustice). He is rejected and despised by Nightwing and other heroes after they discover that he is a psychopathic, reactionary neo-fascist unable to distinguish right from wrong, a spree killer no different from the supervillains and other criminals he seeks to fight. Ryerstad becomes a fugitive, pursued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Nightwing. He blames Nightwing and his allies for ruining his life by depicting him as a villain and seeks to kill them, whom he calls "betrayers of justice" and believes that this would "clear his name".

Chuck Dixon said in a 2008 interview, "I wanted to show, without the proper upbringing and the wrong motivations, what would happen if a guy tried to become a vigilante. Tad's a guy who just gets everything wrong that Dick Grayson gets right, and he doesn't even necessarily have good in his heart ... He wanted the bragging rights of being a hero without having anything to recommend him as a hero, except that he got a buzz off the danger". The character was created as a part of DC Comics publications' effort to counter the then-popular style of violent and reckless pseudo-heroes in comics and other media and demonstrate that archetypal superheroes with strong morals, like Nightwing, made for a better hero. He is based on the 1950s Brooklyn Thrill Killers.

Character biography
Tad Ryerstad, an amoral, narcissistic, hypocritical, and sociopathic fame-seeker, has a great deal of rage and hate and is prone to loud outbursts. He frequently refers to himself in the third person. The similarities between his name and Nightwing's have gotten him into trouble, and nearly led to his murder on two occasions.

Growing up an orphan in Blüdhaven (a former whaling capital near Gotham City), he goes by the first name of Tad — originally Tadpole, the nickname he was given in the orphanage because of his diminutive size. His last name, Ryerstad, is the name of a local beer brand adopted by his father Randy as a criminal alias; Tad never knew his family's true surname. His father was an abusive alcoholic; his mother constantly smoked and talked on the phone, and Tad never received a proper education. Due to his lack of parental involvement and his anti-social nature, Tad devoured popular culture by stealing paperbacks and comic books and sneaking into action films to escape; this desensitizes him to violence, but he teaches himself to read. His inadequate education, combined with an unstable and loveless childhood, produced a deluded psychotic trapped in a heroic fantasy. He was never sane, embodying what society feared from the mass media and child abuse.

Tad soon began to resent his father, who earned money by fencing, and feared that he was also on a criminal path. He frames his father (an act he believes to be heroic) by anonymously telling his father's crack dealer that he was an informer. His father was murdered by gangsters as a result, and his mother was imprisoned. After living with a number of foster parents who learn that he is violently unstable, Tad lives on his own. As an adult he reads works by Friedrich Nietzsche, who is commonly associated with fascism because his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche was affiliated with the Nazi Party during World War II. Unemployed, Tad is usually a vagrant who can afford to feed himself only by stealing from people he kills after accusing them of crimes. He attacks people (sometimes innocent bystanders) for minor offenses, often causing their deaths.

Tad exercises and patrols his neighborhood. He lives in a condemned building, and could later afford an apartment only by thievery. He targets the homeless, drug abusers and the disabled, seeing them as inferior and often demanding that they leave Blüdhaven. One of his victims, whom Nightwing had tried to help, is found dead in an alley. A white supremacist, Tad targets African Americans based on criminal stereotypes in the media; he has one person beaten nearly to death in front of his step-nephew and niece (traumatizing them) after accusing him of pedophilia.

He meets John Law, an elderly novelist who was the Tarantula (a masked mystery man who was a member of the defunct All-Star Squadron superhero team). After hearing his stories, Tad decides to become a superhero (unaware that Law is terrified of him because he recognizes Tad's psychosis). He has difficulty finding a name until he looks across the street from his apartment at an all-night deli specializing in chicken wings, and Nite-Wing is born.

On Nite-Wing's first night out, a gang shoots him repeatedly. Nightwing spends the night defending him from the Blockbuster's men, who think that Nightwing is in the emergency room. While hospitalized, Tad dreams of being an inspiring leader of heroes such as Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. After his release from the hospital, he kills the gang.

Tad's rampage continues. He kills men who worked for the Blockbuster, including Ricky Noone (a major capo). Tad is cornered by Dudley Soames, a former police inspector turned psychopath who now calls himself Torque. He meets Nightwing; they escape from Torque and Nightwing agrees to help train Tad, unaware of his violence.

Tad corners Redhorn, Blüdhaven’s corrupt police chief, and obtains the files pertaining to the Blockbuster. He and Nightwing begin to attack the Blockbuster's power base, but are captured and separated. When Ronald Houston (a Black undercover FBI agent who infiltrated the Blockbuster's organization as Cisco Blaine) came to free Tad, Tad beats him to death. He flees, remorseless, after learning that Houston was a government agent. Nightwing tracks Tad down and tells him that would never be accepted by real superheroes like Superman or Batman, but he has gained notoriety amongst Nightwing's closest superhero allies (including Batman) and has been labeled a supervillain by Oracle (Barbara Gordon) on her databases. Despite his being insane, he is sentenced to Lockhaven Penitentiary, instead of a psychiatric hospital for the criminally insane such as Arkham Asylum, due to the lack of a diagnosis by a criminal psychologist. Tad and Nightwing become enemies, and Tad vows to kill Nightwing.

In prison, Tad writes a detailed account of his past as a "crimefighter" which begins with causing his crooked father's death and his refusal to accept the fact that his actions are not heroic; he still refers to himself as a superhero, despite his status as a felon. He declares one-man war on Nightwing and all superheroes, whom he sees as hypocrites and villains. Tad naively tries to get himself released by giving his account to the federal agents who are holding him in custody, expecting them to share his mindset; however, he exposes himself as a spree killer. He denies his criminal status despite evidence to the contrary and beats the inmates who mock him. The FBI later gives him an adequate first name "Thaddeus" to help them filing him competently.

When Torque is captured by Nightwing, he is Tad's cellmate. Torque has a plan to escape, and he makes Tad part of it. They drug the food of Aaron Helzinger, a prison guard who is the reformed villain Amygdala; when he goes berserk, they escape. Tad kills Torque after his escape and is implicated in the murder of Chief Redhorn. He is innocent of that crime, however, and was framed by the Blockbuster and the new Tarantula (Catalina Flores); he contacts Nightwing to help clear him, despite their antipathy. Tad is arrested again with Tarantula, and is returned to Lockhaven. He escapes on Christmas Eve, and is again at large.

Modus operandi
Nite-Wing sees himself as a hero and seeks to bring justice to the world, but his methods are flawed; he kills a number of people, including an undercover FBI agent. Tad does not appear to understand the consequences of his actions, shrugging off regret or responsibility by saying that he is a "good guy".

Powers and abilities
Tad has no superpowers, but he is in peak physical condition and a self-taught, ruthless street fighter. He often carries a number of billiard balls taped to his back, and uses a modified three-foot pool stick or a steel rod found in a junkyard as weapons. Despite his overcoming the Blockbuster's low-level criminal subordinates, due to his idiocy and lack of advanced combat training he is easily subdued by Nightwing and the FBI agents.

title: Nite-Wing


text:
Strada Education Foundation

Strada Education Network is a non-profit corporation which assists students into post-secondary education by providing financial support and other help. USA Funds links colleges, universities, proprietary schools, private lenders, students and parents to promote financial access to higher learning. The organization is formerly known as United Student Aid Funds or USA Funds. Strada's headquarters is in Indianapolis, Indiana.

History
Established by Richard Cornuelle in Indianapolis in 1960 to help families finance rising college costs, USA Funds has grown to become the nation's largest guarantor of loans made under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP), the main federal source of financial aid for higher education. During the past 44 years, the USA Funds guarantee has covered just under $115.5 billion in financial aid for higher education, for 13.6 million students. The corporation is affiliated with regional non-profit student loan guarantors, including SMS Hawaii (for Hawaii) and the Northwest Education Loan Association (NELA) (for Idaho and Washington). USA Funds guarantees education loans nationwide, and is also the designated guarantor of federal education loans in eight states: Arizona, Hawaii and the Pacific Islands, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi, Nevada and Wyoming. The Thurgood Marshall College Fund, aiding public historically black colleges and universities is an affiliate of the Strada Education Network.

In 2017, USA Funds was rebranded as Strada Education Network.

In 2023, Strada Education Network was rebranded as Strada Education Foundation.

Affiliation with Sallie Mae
USA Funds contracts with affiliates of Sallie Mae, the largest guarantor-servicing organization, to deliver some of the services necessary to support USA Funds' guarantee.

Before July 31, 2000, USA Funds was an affiliate of USA Group. USA Funds contracted with other USA Group affiliates to these lenders contract with Sallie Mae for servicing and loan acquisition; others have no contractual relationships with Sallie Mae. Post-secondary institutions and their students are free to choose the lenders with which they wish to work while using the USA Funds guarantee.

title: Strada Education Foundation


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Ademption

Ademption, or ademption by extinction, is a common law doctrine used in the law of wills to determine what happens when property bequeathed under a will is no longer in the testator's estate at the time of the testator's death. For a devise (bequest) of a specific item of property (a specific gift), such property is considered adeemed, and the gift fails. For example, if a will bequeathed the testator's car to a specific beneficiary, but the testator owned no car at the time of his or her death, the gift would be adeemed and the aforementioned beneficiary would receive no gift at all.

General bequests or general gifts - gifts of cash amounts - are never adeemed. If the cash in the testator's estate is not sufficient to satisfy the gift, then other assets in the residuary estate will need to be sold to raise the necessary cash.

Some property lies in a "gray" area, in which the testator's specific intent must be determined. For example, where the testator bequeathes "500 shares of stock" in a company, this may be read as a general bequest (that the estate should purchase and convey the particular stocks to the beneficiary), or it may be read as a specific bequest, particularly if the testator used a possessive ("my 500 shares"). Such a gift is deemed to be a demonstrative gift. Such demonstrative gifts are deemed to be a hybrid of both specific and general gifts. If one were to bequeath "500 shares of stock," most states would deem that to be a demonstrative gift. The resultant gift to the heir receiving "500 shares," would be the date of death value of 500 shares of that particular stock.

Ademption may be waived if the property leaves the estate after the testator has been declared incompetent. Furthermore, in some cases the beneficiary will be entitled to the proceeds from the sale of property, or to the insurance payout for property that is lost or destroyed.

To avoid confusion as to what may or may not be adeemed, sometimes the phrase "if owned by me at my death" is placed into the articles of a will in which property is being bequeathed.

As for the sale of land under an executory contract, traditional case law agrees that ademption occurs upon the death of the testator and that the proceeds of sale, when the closing occurs, should not pass to the specific devisee of the property. However, the more modern view and the Uniform Probate Code, which has been adopted by some U.S. jurisdictions, disagrees. These jurisdictions find that when property subject to specific devise is placed under contract of sale before the decedent's death, the proceeds of the sale will pass to the specific devisee.

Statutory variations
Many U.S. jurisdictions have ameliorated the effects of the common law doctrine by statute.

In Wisconsin, state law (854.08) attempts to abolish the common law doctrine of ademption by extinction, by, for example, awarding beneficiaries the balance of the purchase price of the item sold (subject to some limitations).

In Virginia, ademption occurs with respect to most forms of property, but if the property at issue is stock certificates, then the buyout of the issuer of the stock by another company, and the swapping of the stocks for a new issue by that company, will not adeem the gift of stock. Similarly, if the shares of stock that existed at the time the gift was made have split (for example, where the holder of 500 shares receives a reissue of 1,000 shares each having half the value of the original), then the beneficiary of that gift will be entitled to the number of shares that exist after the split.

title: Ademption


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Outside broadcasting

Outside broadcasting (OB) is the electronic field production (EFP) of television or radio programmes (typically to cover television news and sports television events) from a mobile remote broadcast television studio. Professional video camera and microphone signals come into the production truck for processing, recording and possibly transmission.

Some outside broadcasts use a mobile production control room (PCR) inside a production truck.

History

Outside radio broadcasts have been taking place since the early 1920s and television ones since the late 1920s. The first outside broadcast by the British Broadcasting Company was of the British National Opera Company production of The Magic Flute from the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 8 January, 1923. The first large-scale outside broadcast was the televising of the Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth in May 1937, done by the BBC's first Outside Broadcast truck, MCR 1 (short for Mobile Control Room).

After the Second World War, the first notable outside broadcast was of the 1948 Summer Olympics. The Coronation of Elizabeth II followed in 1953, with 21 cameras being used to cover the event.

In December 1963 instant replays were used for the first time. Director Tony Verna used the technique on the Army-Navy game which aired on CBS Sports on December 7, 1963.

The 1968 Summer Olympics was the first with competitions televised in colour. The 1972 Olympic Games were the first where all competitions were captured by outside broadcast cameras.

During the 1970s, ITV franchise holder Southern Television was unique in having an outside broadcast boat, named Southener.

The wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer in July 1981 was the biggest outside broadcast at the time, with an estimated 750 million viewers.

New technology
In 2008, the first 3D outside broadcast took place with the transmission of a Calcutta Cup rugby match, but only to an audience of industry professionals who had been invited by BBC Sport.

In March 2010, the first public 3D outside broadcast took place with an NHL game between the New York Rangers and New York Islanders.

The first commercial ultra-high definition outside broadcast was a Premier League game between Stoke City v West Ham, televised by Sky Sports in August 2013.

Tests in 8K resolution outside broadcasts began to take place during the 2010s, including tests by NHK and BT Sport. The first public 8K outside broadcast in the UK took place in February 2020.

Modern applications
Modern outside broadcasts now use specially designed OB vehicles, many of which are now built based around IP technology rather than relying on coaxial cable.

There has been an increasing rise in the use of flyaway or flypack Portable Production Units, which allow for an increased level of customisation and can be rigged in a larger variety of venues.

In the past many outside broadcasting applications have relied on using satellite uplinks to broadcast live audio and video back to the studio. While this has its advantages such as the ability to set up anywhere covered by the respective geostationary satellite, satellite uplinking is relatively expensive and the round trip latency is in the range of 240 to 280 milliseconds.

As more venues install fiber optic cable, this is increasingly used. For news gathering, contribution over public internet is also now used. Modern applications such as hardware and software IP codecs have allowed the use of public 3G/4G networks to broadcast video and audio. The latency of 3G is around 100–500 ms, while 4G is less than 100 ms.

title: Outside broadcasting


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No, Not Much

"No, Not Much" is a popular song published in 1955. The music was written by Robert Allen Deitcher, the lyrics by Al Stillman. The most popular version was recorded by The Four Lads. It was one of a large number of Stillman-Allen compositions that were recorded by the quartet.

Background
The song is an ironic protestation of love, in which the lover rhetorically denies his devotion, but then continually undercuts and enfeebles the denial, until the exact opposite is conveyed.

The Four Lads recording

 * The recording by The Four Lads was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40629. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on January 28, 1956. On the Disk Jockey chart it peaked at No.2; on the Best Seller chart, at No. 4; on the Juke Box chart, at No.4; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached No.3. It became a gold record.

Cover versions

 * Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1956 for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the box set The Bing Crosby CBS Radio Recordings (1954-56) issued by Mosaic Records (catalog MD7-245) in 2009.
 * In 1969, the song was recorded by The Vogues. In the Vogues' version the lyric line: "Like a ten-cent soda doesn't cost a dime", was replaced by: "Like the song I'm singing doesn't mean a rhyme," because the former line was considered outdated.
 * Also in 1969, The Smoke Ring recorded their version.
 * Both of these versions, recorded in 1969, charted on the US Easy Listening and Hot 100 chart. In both renditions, the first two lines of the second verse are omitted and replaced by an instrumental.
 * British singer Robert Palmer also recorded it for his 1992 studio album 'Ridin' High'.

In popular culture

 * This song also appeared in an episode of the TV show Scrubs. It was sung by Ted Buckland's hospital employee a capella band "The Worthless Peons" in the 4th-season episode "My Ocardial Infarction".
 * It is also one of the songs of its era included in the Broadway musical Forever Plaid.

title: No, Not Much


text: User talk:82.80.57.30

title: User talk:82.80.57.30


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Macunaíma (film)

Macunaíma is a 1969 Brazilian comedy film directed by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade, based on Mário de Andrade's  novel of the same name. It was released in a dubbed version for American audiences in 1972 by New Line Cinema. On June 13 and July 12, 2005, European and Latin American syndicates of the TV5 network aired the film in its original Portuguese with French subtitles. It was rereleased internationally in 2009.

Plot
Based on the 1928 book by Mário de Andrade, the modern-day parable follows the misadventures of a black man (Grande Otelo) who is miraculously born to an old woman (Paulo José), who is supposed to be of the indigenous peoples of Brasil, in the jungles of the Amazon. Though born fully-grown, he has the heart of a playful child. After the death of his mother, he comes face to face with a spring that turns him white (Paulo José). With that change, he and his two brothers move to Rio de Janeiro, but are interrogated by street terrorists upon their arrival.

Then, thanks to an affair with a white lady, guerrilla killer Ci (Dina Sfat), the film's hero fathers a black boy (Grande Otelo) with her. When both mother and child die, he embarks on a quest to recover a magical stone from a rich city dweller. In this film, the essentialist myth of the 3 Brazilian races, white, black, and the original natives of Brazil, is supposed to be represented through the protagonist, his brothers, and his mother.

Throughout his adventures, Macunaíma learns some tough lessons about Brazilian life and society. Macunaima functions as an allegorical representation of the turmoil of the Brazilian military coup that had ensued.

Cast

 * Grande Otelo as black Macunaíma
 * Paulo José as white Macunaíma/Macunaíma's mother
 * Dina Sfat as Ci
 * Jardel Filho as Wenceslau Pietro Pietra
 * Milton Gonçalves as Jigué
 * Rodolfo Arena as Maanape
 * Joana Fomm as Sofará
 * Maria do Rosário as Iriqui
 * Hugo Carvana
 * Carmem Palhares
 * Wilza Carla
 * Zezé Macedo
 * Maria Lúcia Dahl
 * Myriam Muniz

title: Macunaíma (film)


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Haldor Lægreid

Haldor Lægreid (born 30 March 1970) is a Norwegian musical artist. He is most recognized as the performer of the power ballad "On My Own", Norway's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Haldor finished last, only obtaining three points from Portugal. "On My Own" reached number five on the Norway Singles Chart.

title: Haldor Lægreid


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WikiProject National anthems

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep, but may be userfyed by reasonable request of only contributor (presumbly until safely set up). Hedley 00:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject National anthems
Firstly, I know this is a WikiProject. However, the success of Votes for deletion/WikiProject Addressing Anti-Jewish Bias has prompted me to create a VfD for this project. My reasoning is that, like several WikiProjects, there is no interest in it whatsoever. In two and a half years only one 'edit' has been made to the page, which was adding it to a category (. Also, i'm unsure theres any need for such a WikiProject. Certainly, when it gets this inactive (the creator was an anon who hasn't edited since 2003) it should just be deleted. Hedley 17:00, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete If there are clear criteria for deletion of WikiProject pages, someone please point me to them, otherwise I will assume that total inactivity for a year is a reasonable benchmark. -Harmil 17:32, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I'm not sure that it would be wise to set a policy of permanently deleting WikiProjects, even if they are inactive. A new set of wikipedians could conceivably find the project interesting and be able to work on the foundations of those before them. Perhaps some method of archiving them would be better. --BaronLarf 21:03, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, given the state of this one, theres nothing to archive. Its three years of bear bones - One list, a badly spelled introduction sentence, and some comments about renaming it which were made in 2002. I doubt theres anything worth keeping anywhere. Hedley 21:14, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Granted, there are few people who are interested in national anthems (like me). However, unlike the one VFD mentioned above, this is not dealing with POV but of national symbols. Plus, if the main concern is about who will run it, then I will. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 22:44, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep since Zscout will run it. Kappa 23:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Zscout370 wants to run it, and I agree with Zscout370's argument about difference between the two WikiProjects being compared. —Markaci 2005-07-14 T 03:04:10 Z
 * Delete long term inactive project. JamesBurns 08:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - wikiprojects have no expiration dates. I would not suggest deleting wikiprojects (unless they are potentially offensive) if they are inactive or even if their purpose would have been fulfilled (which I do not think would happen any time soon). Interest in a specific wikiproject waxes and wanes just like everything else in this world. Note that I am not active in any wikiproject. Maybe Wikiprojects could find a way to periodically try to attract interest of new contributors? - Skysmith 11:21, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep but rename to fix capitalization. The difference between this one and the anti-jewish bias one is that this one is pushing verifiable information, while the latter is pushing POV. We have a category for this, Category:Inactive WikiProjects. Radiant_ >|< 12:18, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Long term inactive project, and I don't buy the archival argument. There is nothing to archive. Hiding  talk 07:11, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Question, can it be moved to my user space after the VFD is finished? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 22:57, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd say so, as your the only person interested in it. Theres three votes (one yours) relating to your willingness to run it. Three keep are for not deleting Wikiprojects, three are delete. As the only 'contributor' to it, userfication shouldn't be a problem. Hedley 00:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, just let me know when it happens, please. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 00:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * VfD is closed, feel free to move it. Hedley 00:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Orpheum (Vancouver)

The Orpheum is a theatre and music venue in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Along with the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, the Vancouver Playhouse, and the Annex, it is part of the Vancouver Civic Theatres group of live performance venues. It is the permanent home of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. The Orpheum is located on Granville Street near Smithe Street in Vancouver's downtown core. The interior of the theatre was featured prominently in the award-winning 2004 reboot of Battlestar Galactica, where it is dressed to portray a heavenly opera house.

History
Designed by Scottish architect Marcus Priteca, the theatre officially opened on November 8, 1927, as a vaudeville house, but it hosted its first shows the previous day. The old Orpheum, at 761 Granville Street, was renamed the Vancouver Theatre (later the Lyric, then the International Cinema, then the Lyric once more before it closed for demolition in 1969 to make way for the first phase of the Pacific Centre project). The New Orpheum, which was the biggest theatre in Canada when it opened in 1927, with three thousand seats, cost $1.25 million to construct. The first manager of the theatre was William A. Barnes.

Following the end of vaudeville's heyday in the early 1930s, the Orpheum became primarily a movie house under Famous Players ownership, although it would continue to host live events on occasion. Ivan Ackery managed the Orpheum during most of this period, from 1935 up until his 1969 retirement.

In 1973, for economic reasons, Famous Players decided to gut the inside of the Orpheum and change it into a multiplex. A "Save the Orpheum" public protest and fundraising campaign was launched, which even Jack Benny flew in to help with, and the Orpheum was saved. On March 19, 1974, the City of Vancouver bought the theatre for $7.1 million, with $3.1 million coming from the city itself, and $1.5 million from each of the provincial and federal governments. The Orpheum closed on November 23, 1975, and a renovation and restoration was done by the architectural company Thomson, Berwick, Pratt and Partners. It re-opened on April 2, 1977, and has since been the permanent home of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. Tony Heinsbergen, a U.S. designer who originally chose the color scheme for the interior (ivory, moss green, gold and burgundy) was brought back, fifty years later, for the renovation. In 1983, an additional entrance was opened on Smithe Street. The theatre was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1979. The Orpheum's present neon sign was installed during the 1970s, donated to the theatre by Jim Pattison. The theatre and its neon sign have been used as a key location in several episodes of the science-fiction series Battlestar Galactica and Fringe, as well as Highlander: The Series. It was also the location of the filming of the Dan Mangan documentary What Happens Next? by Brent Hodge.

In 2006, the Capitol Residences development was proposed for the old Capitol 6 cinema site adjacent to the Orpheum. The City of Vancouver gave the developer permission for extra height and density on their site in return for a major expansion to the Orpheum, including a long desired back stage area. This was the largest amenities trade in the history of the city, and will increase the usability of the facility.

title: Orpheum (Vancouver)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chido

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was transwiki and delete. Dmcdevit·t 06:49, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Chido
Delete Slang dic def Icelight 17:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Spanish Wiktionary, where this does not appear. Dcarrano 23:31, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete foreign slang dicdef. JamesBurns 08:48, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chido


text:
User talk:CptnMisc

Lost Barnstars
i disaward your barnstar for vandalism. Dog Eat Dog World 18:58, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

do not vandalize in the future! (no matter how small)Dog Eat Dog World 18:55, 10 February 2006 (UTC) i give you your barnstar back.

Blocked IP inconvinience
(see below) i too have been affected by this because i go to the same school as User: Dog Eat Dog World. It doesn't affect me as much, but it can be fun to go on vandalism patrols etc. plz help Thrawst 21:37, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

"P.S. Have you been directly affected (e.g., blocked) due to 70.88.161.146's vandalism? Sango123"

remember this? well yes i have been affected! I can't edit when some idiot across the room is vandalising just to piss me off and then he gets the ip blocked! Dog Eat Dog World 01:27, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

(see above)Dog Eat Dog World 01:27, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

No I don't rembeber this. Can you better explain the situation?--Commander Keane 06:05, 16 February 2006 (UTC) well since my school shares an ip adress when people vandalize to the point that they get blocked i can't use (or edit) wikipedia constructivly and this really annoys me because i have to wait to get back on! and i REVERT vandalism. Dog Eat Dog World 14:31, 16 February 2006 (UTC) so plz unblock, it is still blocked until like 5:00pm today! and it's only 8:00am! Dog Eat Dog World 14:39, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

It is a tricky situation, becasue unblocking the IP may result in more vandalism. You need to speak with the blocking admin (probably via email if you are blocked). If you do speak to them, make sure you copy the whole block message, and include your IP.--Commander Keane 15:05, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Have you followed Commander Keane's suggestion and contacted the blocking admin? --pgk( talk ) 21:41, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

yes i saw he was on vacation so thats no help. Thrawst 21:47, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Hmm that's most odd, since his page says he's on vacation from tomorrow and he's been editting wikipedia in the last few minutes. --pgk( talk ) 21:54, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Well i need to be unblocked please Thrawst 22:01, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Dustin Kelm, Extreme Unicyclist.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Dustin Kelm, Extreme Unicyclist.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 09:55, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Oh geez i have completely forgotten about that picture, ummmm... i cant even begin to remember where i got it, so i don't think you'll be getting any copyright information, expect to delete that photo, sorry about that Thrawst 05:05, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Rubiks-clock.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Rubiks-clock.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 16:31, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

This is the same as the Image:Dustin Kelm, Extreme Unicyclist.jpg photo, i can't remember where i got it and you can expect to delete it soon. Thrawst 05:30, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Profcube1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Profcube1.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. SteinbDJ 15:09, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

My Images
Just delete them all, i have completely forgotten wherere i got them, i try googling them, and i don't get the same results. If i can be warned about this sooner in the future that would be helpful, sorry for all the copyright trouble i've caused Thrawst 04:35, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

What would it take?
What would it take to upload bunches of screenshot images from google earth, im thinking of maybe adding rough maps of locations to articles that don't have maps. Ask more about it if you want to know more or if you have any information on how i could do this and if there would be any restrictions (i.e. copyright, which you guys seem to have been cracking down on a lot lately), or if you think its a bad idea just say so. "need imput" Thrawst 04:59, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Someone say something i need an 'ok' before i do thisThrawst 02:00, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:CptnMisc


text:
Organizational unit

In computing, an organizational unit (OU) provides a way of classifying objects located in directories, or names in a digital certificate hierarchy, typically used either to differentiate between objects with the same name (John Doe in OU "marketing" versus John Doe in OU "customer service"), or to parcel out authority to create and manage objects (for example: to give rights for user-creation to local technicians instead of having to manage all accounts from a single central group). Organizational units most commonly appear in X.500 directories, X.509 certificates, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directories, Active Directory (AD), and Lotus Notes directories and certificate trees, but they may feature in almost any modern directory or digital certificate container grouping system.

In most systems, organizational units appear within a top-level organization grouping or organization certificate, called a domain. In many systems one OU can also exist within another OU. When OUs are nested, as one OU contains another OU, this creates a relationship where the contained OU is called the child and the container is called the parent. Thus, OUs are used to create a hierarchy of containers within a domain. Only OUs within the same domain can have relationships. OUs of the same name in different domains are independent.

Specific uses
The name organizational unit appears to represent a single organization with multiple units (departments) within that organization. However, OUs do not always follow this model. They might represent geographical regions, job-functions, associations with other (external) groups, or the technology used in relation to the objects.

Examples would include:
 * Department (e.g. human resources) within a corporation
 * Division (e.g. LifeScan, Inc.) that is owned by but separate from a parent corporation (Johnson & Johnson), although this would commonly be placed in a separate domain
 * Association (e.g. contractors) that is external to the organization.
 * To identify geographically distinct regions (e.g. Kansas City) the X.521 standard recommends a "locality" entry instead.
 * Job types or functions (e.g. managers, storage servers) that runs across all divisions of a company should be represented by an "organizational role" entry.

Sun Enterprise Directory Server and Active Directory
In Sun Java System Directory Server and Microsoft Active Directory (AD), an organizational unit (OU) can contain any other unit, including other OUs, users, groups, and computers. Organizational units in separate domains may have identical names but are independent of each other.

OUs let an administrator group computers and users so as to apply a common policy to them. Organizational Units give a hierarchical structure, and when properly designed can ease administration.

Origins with X.500, Novell, and Lotus software
Novell and Lotus supplied the two largest software directory systems. Each of these companies started with flat account and directory structures, and encountered the support and name-conflict limitations inherent in their flat structures. They adopted the X.500 OU concept into their next-generation software around 1993 – Novell with the release of Novell Directory Services (subsequently known as eDirectory), and Lotus with the release of the third version of Lotus Notes. Microsoft allegedly used Novell's directory as a blueprint for the first released versions of AD, but this claim appears suspect, given that X.500 served as the "granddaddy" of all directory systems.

title: Organizational unit


text:
Moments to Remember

"Moments to Remember" is a 1955 popular song about nostalgia recorded by Canadian quartet The Four Lads. The song was originally written by Robert Allen and Al Stillman for Perry Como but was turned down by Como's management.

The Four Lads recording
The Four Lads recorded it in June 1955 for Columbia Records as the B side to the single "Dream On, My Love." Bernie Toorish of the Four Lads credited the enthusiastic endorsement of Cleveland radio DJ Bill Randle for increasing radio airtime play and popularizing the recording. It eventually reached number 2 on Billboard magazine's Top 100 hit list (an early version of the Hot 100), sold 4 million copies and became the group's first gold record.

Besides the voices of the male quartet, the song also contains two uncredited female parts. According to the Four Lads' Frank Busseri, the introductory verse, ("January through December/We'll have moments to remember"), as well as the repeat of the Bridge section in harmony, ("When summer turns to winter",) were sung by Lois Winters of the Ray Charles Singers and the poetic spoken words in mid-song: ("A drive-in movie/Where we'd go/And somehow never watched the show/") were recited by Pat Kirby who at that time was a singer on Steve Allen's television show Tonight!.

Other noted versions

 * Bing Crosby recorded the song on November 23, 1955, with Buddy Cole and His Orchestra.
 * Louis Armstrong - a single release (1955).
 * Ronnie Hilton with orchestra conducted by Frank Cordell recorded "Moments to Remember" in London on December 13, 1955, and released it on HMV POP-154 (78 rpm record) and HMV 7M 358 (single).
 * The American vocal group Deep River Boys Featuring Harry Douglas with Pete Brown's orchestra recorded it in Oslo on August 30, 1956. It was released on the 78 rpm record HMV AL 6037.
 * The song was recorded by both the Statler Brothers and the Vogues in 1969, inciting a minor cover remake battle against the Buddah Records version by the Smoke Ring.
 * The Norman Luboff Choir - On the album "Moments to Remember" - 1960
 * The musical Forever Plaid includes their cover of the song.

Popular culture

 * Sirius XM Satellite Radio, from July 2006 through March 2009, aired the "Moments to Remember" show hosted by Bob Moke on their '50s channel that featured the song as part of its theme music.

title: Moments to Remember


text:
Nell Cole Graves

Nell Cole Graves (1908 – February 17, 1997) was a potter from Seagrove, North Carolina, and a winner of the 1996 North Carolina Heritage Award.

Graves grew up in Montgomery County, North Carolina, with her father, Jacon B. Cole, and her brother, Waymon Cole. Her father owned a pottery shop called J.B. Cole Pottery, through which two centuries of Cole potters persisted in the region. During Graves' early childhood, it was typical for women and children to help with preparing clay, glazing, and loading kilns, while the men were tasked with making the pottery and running the business. Graves father, however, taught her on a treadle wheel from age 9. Graves eventually came to run the family business.

Graves married Philmore Graves, and owned Graves Candle Shop, which was located south of Seagrove, as well as J.B. Cole. She died in the late 1990s, and was buried in the old Fairgrove Church Cemetery behind Graves Candle Shop.

title: Nell Cole Graves


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Sergei Tretyakov (writer)

Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Третьяко́в; 20 June 1892, Goldingen, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire (today Kuldīga, Latvia) – September 10, 1937, Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR) was a Soviet Russian constructivist writer, playwright, poet, and special correspondent for Pravda.

Life and career
Sergei Tretyakov was born to a Russian father, Mikhail Konstantinovich Tretyakov, and a Baltic German mother, Elizaveta (Elfriede) Emmanuilovna Tretyakova (née Meller). His father was a school teacher. Tretyakov graduated in 1916 from the department of law at Moscow University. He began to publish in 1913 and just before the Russian Revolution he became associated with the ego-futurists. In 1919 he married Ol’ga Viktorovna Gomolitskaya. Soon after the publication of Iron Pause, he became heavily involved in the Siberian futurist movement known as Creation along with artists such as Nikolay Aseyev and David Burlyuk.

Tretyakov was one of the founders of the constructivist journal LEF, (1923–1925), and its successor Novyi LEF ("New LEF", 1927–1928), and of the associated artistic movement, whose main driving force was the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. They declared war on "bourgeois" culture and claimed that the experimental avant garde works they produced were the artistic voice of the Bolshevik revolution. Boris Pasternak did not believe that any of the group actually wanted to destroy pre-revolutionary art, with one exception: "The only consistent and honest man in this group of negationists was Sergei Tretyakov, who drove his negation to its natural conclusion. Like Plato, Tretyakov considered that there was no place for art in a young socialist state."

Tretyakov's first play, Earth Rampant, also known as The World Turned Upside Down, directed by Vsevolod Meyerhold and premiered on March 4, 1923, was a commercial success that ran to 44 performances in 11 weeks, rescuing Moscow's Sohn Theatre, in which it was staged, from imminent bankruptcy. It was dedicated to "the Red Army and the first soldier of the RSFSR, Leon Trotsky". Tretyakov's next two plays, Can You Hear Me, Moscow? and Gas Masks (both 1924) were directed by the young Sergei Eisenstein. The latter was staged in the Moscow Gas Works, for maximum realism.

In 1924, Sergei Tretyakov made a lengthy visit to China, where he taught Russian literature and collected materials for some of his later publications. The verse play Roar China (Rychi Kitai), about the Wanhsien Incident, had its premier at the Meyerhold Theatre on January 23, 1926, and later went on foreign tour, and on tour of provincial theatres in the USSR. Tretyakov also wrote the controversial I Want a Baby (1926), which has seen recent performances in Europe and America. The play advocated selective breeding for the purposes of political purity. Meyerhold immediately accepted it for production, but then spent four years battling with censorship to get it put on stage. Between 1930 and 1931 Tretyakov travelled in Germany, Denmark, and Austria. Before he fell foul of the authorities he translated and popularised other European writers such as Bertolt Brecht. Brecht was also familiar with Tretyakov's literary work and indeed stayed with him in 1935. Tretyakov contributed song lyrics to the film Song of Heroes (1932), directed by Joris Ivens and set in music by Hanns Eisler.

Tretyakov was arrested on July 25, 1937, during the Great Purge and charged with espionage. He had fallen under suspicion because of his contacts with foreign writers, and because the political attitudes he had expressed in the 1920s were no longer tolerated. His play I Want a Baby was denounced in Pravda in December 1937 as "a hostile slur on the Soviet family." He was sentenced to death on September 10, 1937, though in the introduction to the English publication of I Want a Baby, Robert Leach says it seems that in a last act of defiance he threw himself to his death down the stairwell at Butyrka prison. It was standard procedure for those sentenced to death to be photographed prior to execution: the last photograph of Tretyakov, staring defiantly at the camera, is reproduced in David King's book Ordinary Citizens (2003). Tretyakov was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

Works
By S.M Tretyakov:
 * "Roar China!: A Drama in Seven Scenes", Rialto Service Bureau, (1930)
 * "Iron Pause" Vladivostok, 1919 (book of verse)
 * "I Want a Baby!" University of Birmingham, (1995), ISBN 0-7044-1620-4
 * "Gas Masks" Vserossiisky Proletkult, (1924)
 * "Can You Hear, Moscow?" Vserossiisky Proletkult, (1924)
 * "A Chinese Testament: The Autobiography of Tan Shih-hua", Gollancz, (1934)
 * "The Country Crossroad: Five Weeks in Czechoslovakia", Sovetsky Pisatel, (1937) Hardback

Other notable performances:
 * Immaconcep, a parody of the creation of the Komsomol using the Christian Nativity. Vsevolod Meyerhold's students toured youth clubs and workers clubs putting on this performance. The title "Immaconcep" is a modern contraction of the phrase Immaculate conception (see Newspeak from George Orwell's Nineteen-Eighty-Four (1949) for a similar use of this device).
 * The World Turned Upside Down, an adaptation of Marcel Martinet's poem  La nuit (1922), presented at the Meyerhold Theatre in Moscow on 7 November 1923 and directed by Vsevolod Meyerhold.

title: Sergei Tretyakov (writer)