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Violone

The term violone (literally "large viol", -one being the augmentative suffix) can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family. The violone is sometimes a fretted instrument, and may have six, five, four, or even only three strings. The violone is also not always a contrabass instrument. In modern parlance, one usually tries to clarify the 'type' of violone by adding a qualifier based on the tuning (such as "G violone" or "D violone") or on geography (such as "Viennese violone"), or by using other terms that have a more precise connotation (such as "bass violin", "violoncello", or "bass viol"). The term violone may be used correctly to describe many different instruments, yet distinguishing among these types can be difficult, especially for those not familiar with the historical instruments of the viol and violin families and their respective variations in tuning.

Usage
In modern usage, the term most often refers to the double bass viol, a bowed bass string instrument sounding its part an octave lower than notated pitch in early music groups performing Renaissance, Baroque and Classical era music on period instruments. However, the term can rightly be applied to members of the violin family, and also to ‘cello sized’ instruments, of both the violin and viol families, where those instruments play their parts at notated pitch. Only a few players specialize in these instruments, some of whom use contemporary reproductions rather than actual historical instruments.

Types

There are several different instruments that have historically been called by the name "violone". Some of these can be loosely described as 'cello-sized' instruments, and play their parts sounding at the notated pitch. Other types of violone are larger-bodied than the cello (sometimes as large or even larger than modern double basses) – most of those sound their parts an octave below notated pitch, but certain types are flexible about which octave they play in, and sometimes switch back and forth. Ultimately, however, it is not the family or size of the instrument that determines the type, but rather the tuning that is utilized, which generally makes it possible to classify the instrument as a member of either the viol or violin family. During the Renaissance music and Baroque music eras, most players and composers were not precise in describing the specific type of violone they had in mind when that name was written on the page. Some ensemble works do not even indicate which instruments should play the different parts, leaving it up to ensemble leaders to choose the instruments. This contrasts sharply with the standardization of instrumentation which developed during the Classical music period; for example, during this period, a string quartet, with only a few exceptions, is intended to be performed by two violins, a viola and a cello.

In the 2000s, musicologists and historians acknowledge the importance of distinguishing specifically which instrument a composer intended, or if the composer allowed the ensemble leader to choose the instruments for each part. Assigning specific names and classifying violoni as different types, as we are doing here, is a modern attempt to clarify things. Loosely described, bowed string instruments are made in families so that different sized members can play in different ranges, with treble instruments corresponding to the soprano and bass instruments corresponding to the lowest vocal range (or even lower, down to the "contrabass" register). Members of the violin family are the easiest to identify in this way: with the violin corresponding to the soprano, the viola to the alto singer, violoncello to the tenor, and bass to the bass ranges of the human voice (historically, the violin family was made in more than just these four sizes: there were originally several sizes of violas, as well as instruments smaller than the modern violin, for example). The viol family also comprises instruments in a multitude of sizes. In North America in the 21st century, they are classified as 'treble' viols (soprano), 'tenor' viols (alto range), 'bass' viols (tenor range), and 'great bass' viols, 'violoni' and violones (bass range).

When we refer to the historical term 'violone', we must include almost all the instruments of both the violin and viol families (plus some hybrid instruments) that functioned as either tenor or bass members of those families. As the name 'violone' really means (see below), truly, these are all large string instruments. It was not until the 20th century that players and scholars started to realize that there were so many types of violoni and that not all of them functioned or sounded like double basses. Because of this, the classification of violoni according to tuning, family and function makes it start to be possible to clarify composers' intentions at different times and places. The most important thing to remember is that different types of violoni sound (and often function) quite differently from each other.

Cello-sized instruments
Cello-sized instruments are typically the 'tenor' members of the viol or violin families, though in fact their upper compass allows them to play in the alto (and even soprano) range, and their lower compass may enable them to play in the bass (and even contra-bass) range. There are 3 types of instruments in this category:

 * The bass viol. This is a 6-string member of the viol family, most often tuned in D. Instruments from the later Baroque may have a seventh string tuned to A1.
 * The bass violin. This was usually a 4-string member of the violin family, often slightly larger-bodied and a bit lower in pitch than the cello, and often tuned with each string a whole step lower than the cello: (lowest to highest) B♭1–F2–C3–G3.
 * The violoncello or "cello". This one is still used in the 21st century, and is also known as the cello, found in modern symphony orchestras. It has four strings, tuned (lowest to highest) C2–G2–D3–A3.

Larger instruments

 * The great bass viol, also sometimes called the G violone or the A violone. This is the next largest viol after the bass viol, usually with 6 strings, and it can be tuned in A or G. It can play lines at either 8′ or 16′ pitch, and there is a tremendous amount of music for it as a solo and chamber instrument (at 8′), as the bass member of the viol consort (at 8′), playing basso continuo basslines (usually at 8′) and functioning as a double bass instrument in large ensembles (at 16′), playing the deepest fundamental bass pitches in the music.

Double bass-sized instruments
There are a number of instruments in this category, but not all so easy to differentiate by name. One is a true member of the viol family, and the others have much in common with the violin, but can't necessarily be described as genuine violin family instruments because their tunings, proportions and/or construction issues may be at odds with the other sizes.

 * D violone. This is the largest member of the viol family, with six strings, tuned in D, a full octave lower than the bass viol.
 * The Viennese violone was a hybrid instrument because it has many features of the viol family (frets, gamba shape, flat back), but as a four- or five-string instrument with a D major tuning in thirds and fourths (F1–A1–D2–F♯2–A2); four-string instruments omit the bottom string. Due to this feature, it does not have a true viol tuning. If a fifth string was present, its tuning could be variable, potentially going as low as D1. It played almost exclusively at 16′, though it was used commonly as a chamber and solo instrument (even from the 17th century) and was the preferred double bass instrument in the Viennese Classical period (c. 1760–1820). Some concertos for the bass, e.g., by Wanhal and Dittersdorf, were composed with this tuning in mind.

 * Contrabass or double bass. These terms are again problematic from a historical perspective (often meaning something slightly different from a modern reader might expect), but here refer to three- or four-string instruments that (usually) do not have frets—of all the types of violoni, these are the ones that most closely resemble modern double basses. The strings may be tuned in fourths (E1–A1–D2–G2 like most modern double basses) or in fifths (C1–G1–D2–A2 a full octave lower than the cello), and if there are only 3 strings, the missing string is almost always the lowest one (i.e. A1–D2–G2 or G1–D2–A2). In the 18th and 19th century, many bassists used only three strings, as it was thought that removing a string made the instrument more sonorous and resonant. It may also be tuned in fifths (C1–G1–D2 or G1–D2–A2).

Other types
In the Renaissance and Baroque era and even in the 2000s, there are players who changed or adapted their instruments in unique ways, for example Ganassi's Regola Rubertina (1542-43). In this category we might find bass viols that are tuned in E (E2-A2-D3-F♯3-B3-E4) (instead of D), or where the bottom string is tuned an extra step lower, to a C2 (a pitch found in numerous Baroque works). We might find tenor viols that are tuned in F (F2-B♭2-E♭3-G3-C4-F4) (instead of G) (called baritone viols). We might find treble viols that are tuned in B♭ (B♭2-E♭3-A♭3-C4-F4-B♭4) (instead of D) (called contralto viols). Or we might find a contrabass/double bass tuned in fourths, but with a top string a fourth higher than is standard (A1–D2–G2–C3) or another contrabass/double bass tuned in fourths but with its bottom string tuned down to a low C.

Looking only at modern Viol de Gamba based instruments, there are five.

History

Both the violin and viol families came into use in the Western world at approximately the same time (c. 1480) and co-existed for many centuries. That being said, during the Renaissance and early Baroque eras, the two families had different uses, and in particular, different social standings. Viols were primarily household instruments, played by well-to-do, educated members of society, as a pleasant and cultured way of passing time. In contrast, violin family instruments were primarily used for social functions, performed on by professional players. During this 'early' period, the largest member of the violin family in common use was a cello-sized instrument, but quite often tuned a whole step lower than the modern cello (B♭1–F2–C3–G3). This is not to say that there were no larger sized violoni described in the violin family at that time, it's just that descriptions of those larger basses are fewer, and there are many different tunings possible. Also, at this early period, there was minimal need for an instrument that would function at 16′ doubling an 8′ bass line. Human-sized members of the violin family were at first used primarily for dramatic effect in operas (and other dramatic works), and later for similar dramatic effect in concerto grosso type 'orchestral' settings.

In contrast, large members of the viol family were much more common, and used from earliest times, playing their lines at 8′ pitch. There is much evidence to show that Renaissance viol consorts were made of many large-bodied instruments. Great bass viols (with both A and G tunings) are described in numerous treatises, and there is a lot of solo and chamber music that necessitates their use because of its low compass. Some of this music is extremely virtuosic in nature (the viola bastarda pieces by Vincenzo Bonizzi, for example, exploit a $3 1/2$ octave range). It's also clear that both women and men played instruments of this size – the preface to Bonizzi's 1626 collection is dedicated to the three daughters of his Ferrarese patron, for example, and there are also numerous paintings that depict women playing very large viol family instruments.

A technological advance occurred in the 1660s, centred in Bologna. This was the invention of wound ("overspun" or "overwound") strings. For bass instruments, this was important, because it meant one could now obtain good sounding low strings (that were not thick and rope-like in diameter) without having an excessively long string length. This was also when the term "violoncello" came into use, and the 'standard' cello tuning (C2–G2–D3–A3) became the norm. As well, a solo repertoire for the 'cello started to appear, and the 'cello started to replace the G violone or A violone as the preferred bowed basso continuo instrument (see articles by Stephen Bonta for more detailed information). These advances for the 'cello were likely the first seeds of decline for the G violone/A violone. However, it was also this time period that saw the growth of instrumental ensembles, and the beginning of a taste for 'concerti' and 'symphonies.'

For players and musical communities that had previously favoured G violoni/A violoni as their main bowed basses, once the cello took over the 8' role, the larger bodied G violini/A violoni could be used as 16′ doubling instruments, playing an octave below the cello-sized instruments. It is also from this time period (early 18th century) that most of the D violone tuning descriptions are documented. By this point, most of the other sized members of the viol family had died out (with the exception of the bass viol, which was cherished as a solo and chamber instrument). The largest members of the viol family (G and D violoni) were used in some regions even when other places had started to replace them with three- and four-string contrabasses/double basses. This may explain why the modern double bass to this day is so varied, and lacks a standard form, tuning or playing style. Professional bassists in orchestras have basses with flat backs, curved backs, sloping "shoulders" or rounded shoulders, and tunings including E1–A1–D2–G2 and less commonly "C1–G1–D2–A2. The modern double bass combines features of both the viol and violin families.

Terminology
When use of the word "violone" began in the early sixteenth century, "viola" simply meant a bowed, stringed instrument, and did not specify viol or violin. Historically "violone" has referred to any number of large fiddles, regardless of family. The term violone is sometimes used to refer to the modern double bass, but most often nowadays implies a period instrument. As a period instrument, it can refer to any of the different types that are described, above. "Violone" is also the name given to a non-imitative string-tone pipe organ stop, constructed of either metal or wood, and found in the pedal division at 16′ pitch (one octave below written pitch), or, more rarely, 32′ (2 octaves below written pitch).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Violone


text:
Dick Beardsley

Dick Beardsley (born March 21, 1956) is an American long-distance runner best known for tying for first place with Inge Simonsen in the inaugural 1981 London Marathon and his close finish with Alberto Salazar in the 1982 Boston Marathon.

Running career
Beardsley ran his first marathon in 2:47:14 at the 1977 Paavo Nurmi Marathon in Hurley, Wisconsin. In subsequent marathons, he steadily lowered his times: 2:33:22, 2:33:06, and 2:31:50. Beardsley is the only man to have ever run 13 consecutive personal bests in the marathon, and is in the Guinness Book of World Records for the feat.

In 1981 he and Norwegian Inge Simonsen intentionally crossed the finish line together holding hands in a time of 2:11:48. According to Beardsley, "It was a big deal for both of us because neither one of us had won a marathon before."

His finish time of 2:09:37 at the 1981 Grandma's Marathon stood as a course record for 33 years until it was broken in 2014. Beardsley placed second (2:08:53) on the heels of Alberto Salazar in the 1982 Boston Marathon, breaking the Boston Marathon course record and the American record.

In 2003 he started the Dick Beardsley Marathon Running Camp, which used to be held each September at Rainbow Resort in Waubun, Minnesota, but which are now held at Lake Bemidji, Minnesota.

Beardsley is one of the subjects of the book Duel in the Sun, published in 2006 by John Brant. His memoir, Staying the Course: A Runner's Toughest Race, was co-authored by Maureen Anderson and published in 2002 by the University of Minnesota Press.

In 2010, Beardsley was inducted into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame.

Drug addiction
In November 1989, Beardsley nearly died in a farm mishap; he required five months to recuperate. Between July 1992 and February 1993, he was involved in three serious automobile accidents, each requiring hospitalization for back and neck injuries. While on a hike, he was hurt after falling down an embankment when the path collapsed. He underwent three back operations in 1994 and knee surgery in 1995.

After each of his injuries, Beardsley was prescribed medication for the pain. Over four years, he developed an addiction to the medication. He was arrested September 30, 1996, for forging prescriptions and sentenced to five years' probation and 460 hours of community service. Beardsley spent nine days in a psychiatric unit where he was prescribed methadone. He was released for outpatient treatment, returned to inpatient treatment where he quit methadone, and again began outpatient treatment. His first day of chemical-free sobriety was February 12, 1997.

Beardsley started the Dick Beardsley Foundation in October 2007 to provide assistance to individuals suffering from chemical dependency who are unable to pay for a 12-step treatment program. The foundation's goals are to educate the general public about chemical dependency. It allows Beardsley to speak about his own experience in overcoming addiction.

Personal life
Beardsley married Mary in 1979. They adopted one son, Andrew. They later divorced and Beardsley moved to Austin, Texas in 2007 and remarried. In August 2010, it was reported that Beardsley and his wife had filed for bankruptcy. Beardsley's wife Jill said that they filed to consolidate IRS debt. In another tragic turn, in October 2015 Dick lost his beloved 31-year-old son Andrew, a veteran of the war in Iraq, to suicide.

In 2016 Dick and Jill moved to Bemidji, MN where Dick continues his career in motivational/inspirational speaking and also has a fishing guide service. They are also the owners of Lake Bemidji Bed & Breakfast.

In 2023 Dick started a podcast with long-time friend and fellow marathon runner Mike Dunlap called On The Run With Beards And Dun.

title: Dick Beardsley


text: Category:Police divisions

title: Category:Police divisions


text: Category:Police divisions in Singapore

title: Category:Police divisions in Singapore


text:
Jean-Claude Lorquet

Jean-Claude Lorquet (born 19 September 1935) is a professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Liège. He is member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and author of over 100 scientific papers.

Some of his students are also well known for their contribution to quantum chemistry and reactivity: Michèle Desouter-Lecomte, Bernard Ley, Françoise Remacle.

Lorquet was born in Liège, Belgium.

Important contributions

 * Theory of mass spectra.
 * Study of reaction paths and of dissociation mechanisms of electronically excited molecular ions.
 * Nonadiabatic interactions.
 * Avoided crossings and conical intersections.
 * Transition probabilities between two coupled potential energy surfaces.
 * Statistical calculation of rate constants of nonadiabatic reactions.
 * Validity of statistical theories of unimolecular reactions under collision-free conditions.
 * Study of intramolecular vibrational energy relaxation, of phase space sampling and of unimolecular laws of decay via autocorrelation functions.
 * Occurrence of quantum effects in competitive unimolecular reactions.

title: Jean-Claude Lorquet


text: Category:Saint Louis University

title: Category:Saint Louis University


text:
Talk:1967 Tasmanian fires

Sadly, I had to remove the following
hi my name is anthony clive wells and during the fires my sister and i were evacuated from school it was the worst thing i ever had seen the sky was just black and the sun was red and all around me i could see the men with nothing more than potatoe sacks beating back the flames our family got out i know not of our home or our school ,it is embedded into my mind and i can remember the disaster as clear as if it were yesterday we were lucky  too many lost  lives back then, lets hope thatwe have enough rescourses now to avoid such a catastrophe in the future so our children dont face what we did in 7th feb 1967

This has no place in the Wikipedia encyclopedia but it is certainly first hand evidence of what happened. Maybe wikisource? It needs to be verified too - if Anthony Clive Wells is around you can leave a message here. --One Salient Oversight 12:22, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Merging?
Usual practice is to alert the project (in this case Tasmania project) and to at least leave a message for a day or two on the article talk page - I would argue for a revert for a number of reasons - 'a summary of' the same thing' I think is inadequate in the event of the particular events.cheers SatuSuro 10:03, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.examiner.com.au/story.asp?id=383669
 * In 1967 Tasmanian fires on 2011-05-25 03:58:58, 404 Not Found
 * In 1967 Tasmanian fires on 2011-06-06 13:39:15, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:39, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://sres.anu.edu.au/associated/fire/IUFRO/CONFLAG/HOBART67/AlanMc67.HTM
 * In 1967 Tasmanian fires on 2011-05-25 03:59:08, 404 Not Found
 * In 1967 Tasmanian fires on 2011-06-06 13:39:18, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 13:39, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Causes
There are two conflicting causes given

One says "Back-burning" the other says "Burning off"

Hazard reduction is not the same as back-burning. They do burn offs to PREVENT fires by burning out the fuel in controlled burn-offs

Back-burning is used to create a fire-break on an existing fire by burning away fuel of the oncoming fire.

They are different things.

This article makes out that they are the same thing.

Montalban (talk) 06:15, 13 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:1967 Tasmanian fires


text:
User talk:Mattouli

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title: User talk:Mattouli


text:
Talk:Lucasfilm

Disney acquisition actually closed now
The Disney acquisition has officially closed, which the article now reflects.Mattmatt1987 (talk) 01:02, 23 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I've added a reference to the official announcement/statement by The Walt Disney Company from The Walt Disney Company's corporate website that the merger has now officially been consumated. I placed it in the Parent section so that should be the end of that. TheGoofyGolfer (talk) 04:09, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

Comments
Is Lucasfilm a subsidiary company of 20th Century Fox? Reading the article it sounds like Lucasfilm is an independent company. But the movies open with the 20th Century Fox logo and the Web site of 20th Century Fox lists the latest Star Wars Movie at "Now in Theatre". -- Patrice 12:24, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * No, Lucasfilm is independent, Fox just distributes Star Wars. Indiana Jones, for instance, is distributed by Paramount. TerokNor 13:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the information. -- Patrice 15:24, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

I don't know about this. It was at least at one time (maybe now as well) a subsidiary of Warner Bros, that I read on the back of the box for the video of the Mosquito Coast. The snare 06:03, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Parent	The Walt Disney Company
Has the sale actually closed? Isn't it subject to government approval?71.243.221.134 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:30, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
 * No, the sale has not been closed. Yes, it is subject to government approval based on anti-trust given the size of Lucasfilms and Disney. Especially in the Comic Book industry where Dark Horse Comics publishes Star Wars comics as its major/main line of comics, moving them to Marvel would cut the number of major publishers down to 2 (DC, Marvel) or 3 (DC, Marvel, Image).
 * So would editors please stop indicating that Lucasfilms is owned by Disney, so I don't have request a page block. Spshu (talk) 15:57, 13 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I was just about to ask about this because in the InfoBox it lists The Walt Disney Company as owner. Since the buyout has not yet been consumated I will remove that The Walt Disney Company is the owner with an advisement not to change it until an official announcement has occurred. TheGoofyGolfer (talk) 05:35, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Perhaps it could read "George Lucas (acquisition by The Walt Disney Company pending)". Thoughts? Mattmatt1987 (talk) 05:26, 18 December 2012 (UTC)
 * That seems like a good alternative for the time being. MisterShiney    ✉    07:07, 18 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll go ahead and make the change, but if anyone has other ideas, let's continue to discuss it here. Mattmatt1987 (talk) 15:56, 18 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I would not object to having something like that included in fact I think it is a fantastic idea. Thanks to User:MisterShiney and Mattmatt1987 for your help here. 19:14, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

Lucasfilm Ltd
I think that his company was sold to Disney last time. TopCashBack2 (talk). 4 December 2012, —Preceding undated comment added 13:53, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

Acquisition Closed
Now that government regulators and anti-trust commissions have approved the acquisition, is it safe to begin referring to Lucasfilm (and related articles) as Disney subsidiaries? ~ Jedi94  ( talk ) 21:58, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Support inclusion. Since the government regulators and anti-trust commissions approved the acquisition, I think it is save to assume that we should refer to Lucasfilm and its related articles as Disney subsidiaries. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 00:05, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
 * All right, that's a good reason to go ahead and start the appropriate template additions and categorization to all affected articles. ~ Jedi94  ( talk ) 00:26, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Actually the deal hasn't yet closed, they just received government clearance and The Walt Disney Co. and Lucasfilm Ltd. has not formally announced when the closing on the buyout will take place. See here. So as of my post on 12/06/2012 George Lucas is still the owner. Relying solely on news articles that state that a company has closed on a merger or acquisition is not reliable in my humble opinion and should be solely on an announcement made by the corporation itself and in fact there is nothing on The Walt Disney Company's website about the acquistion closing so until then I believe it should be reverted back. What does everyone else think. TheGoofyGolfer (talk) 01:57, 7 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I think we should revert it back. I guess I spoke too soon. My mistake! Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 03:25, 7 December 2012 (UTC)
 * It's fine, I guess. :P ~ Jedi94  ( talk ) 17:02, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

Request For Semi-Protection
Reasoning: As discussed above The Walt Disney Company and LucasFilm Ltd. have received clearance from U.S Government officials but a definitive date that the merger will be consumated has not yet been announced, see referenced article from the Las Vegas Sun, click here. Unfortunately there are some Wikipedians mostly unregistered IP users who are constantly reverting the Ownership from George Lucas to The Walt Disney Company without properly researching it or even going onto this talk and discussing it first. I'd like to request that it be Semi-Protected until such time as an official announcement has been made either on The Walt Disney Company's website (http://www.thewaltdisneycompany.com/) or the LucasFilm website (http://www.lucasfilm.com/) stating that the acquisition of LucasFilm has been officially consumated and not just based on third party news reports. Thank you in advance. TheGoofyGolfer (talk) 21:59, 12 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Padlock-dash2.svg Not done: requests for changes to the page protection level should be made at Requests for page protection. — KuyaBriBri Talk 22:24, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

Fair enough. I took the liberty of resubmitting via Twinkle using the same reason copy/pasted from above. MisterShiney   ✉    22:27, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

Star Wars Literature Story policy
Shouldnt the notes about "canon" elements of literature in the Star wars universe be moved to its proper article,I dont think it belongs in this article about the a sub company of A DOW component,may cause confusion for financial researchers,maybe tie it up in a link  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bongcraze (talk • contribs) 03:25, 7 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Lucasfilm. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150418045427/http://q13fox.com/news/kcpq-ritzy-neighbors-block-skywalker-ranch-expansion-20120521,0,7327395.story to http://www.q13fox.com/news/kcpq-ritzy-neighbors-block-skywalker-ranch-expansion-20120521,0,7327395.story

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The "Ltd." in its name?
Why remove it from the article despite the logo and opening credits saying "A Lucasfilm Ltd. Production" otherwise?

--XSMan2016 (talk) 09:58, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Gina Carano Controversy
Why doesn't this article discuss the HUGE Gina Carano controversy? 98.97.176.216 (talk) 23:22, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

 * It would be WP:UNDUE to mention that on this article and is best covered on the Gina Carano article. Nemov (talk) 23:52, 28 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's WP:UNDUEWEIGHT because: 1) Her character is very minor and insignificant compared to the rest of the Star Wars universe. She's just a footnote who hardly affected the universe in any notable way. 2) It's not really HUGE, it's mostly overblown controversy fueled by politics. 3) Similar controversies involving people who are actually significant in their franchises like James Gunn and Roseanne haven't been included on their respective studio articles. — Starforce13  23:57, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

Programs stolen from other sections
Most of the programs had been stolen from other sections of the Lucasfilm article. I had to remove them off because it was stolen from other sections that were previously added. 86.15.93.32 (talk) 22:28, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

 * I don't understand this request. Nothing prohibits something from appearing on a list if it's mentioned earlier in the article. I'm not sure what you mean by "stolen." Nemov (talk) 00:22, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

 * The word "stolen" means "steal" and most documentaries had been stolen from the "Documentaries and more", "Television films and specials" and "Attractions" sections which were placed on the "Other productions" section. They had stolen them and added them below abiet added smaller, that's why it must be removed. 86.15.93.32 (talk) 06:22, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

Split productions
I think it needs to be split now, Lucasfilm has done a lot productions with more to come. 2601:152:4400:3100:8DF7:9110:E769:305F (talk) 01:52, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree on this. If you look at Marvel & Pixar, they both have separate pages for their lists of productions. Chandos1 (talk) 09:00, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I went head and made the split the main Lucasfilm article is not as cluttered now DoctorHver (talk) 16:15, 7 April 2023 (UTC)

RE: Shelved Projects
This article is getting a lot of edits removing the future projects based on the article in Variety. Variety is a good source, but much of the article is in conflict with the Deadline report.. Until there's something official from Lucasfilm or high level sources are aligned the status quo should remain. Nemov (talk) 15:17, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

Owner infobox
Disney Entertainment and Walt Disney Studios are just divisions/business segments and do NOT count as actual companies or even subsidiaries. That being said, they can stay in the “parent/holding company” infobox, but The Walt Disney Company belongs in the principal owner infobox. Let me know if anyone disagrees before I make any changes. NorthPark1 (talk) 22:02, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

 * @Cytkory and @Jedi94 updated this back in February to reflect the structural changes at Disney. Per Template:Infobox company, it states: "Do not include any higher-level owners, like the parents' parent companies." Nemov (talk) 22:23, 26 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Template:Infobox company only applies to when parent companies are actual official companies, and not just mere divisions or business units of a company such as The Walt Disney Company. Walt Disney Studios is not an actual company or even a subsidiary, and neither is Disney Entertainment; these are just business units of TWDC, which is directly responsible for hiring processes of all divisions. The only time that parents’ parent companies should not be included is when principal ownership differs from direct parent, and/or parent company is no more than a division/business segment as opposed to a subsidiary. NorthPark1 (talk) 12:18, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

Kathleen Kennedy era, 2012–present
This section needs to be summarized. It's far too long and become a dumping ground for too much WP:NOTTHENEWS content. Nemov (talk) 13:00, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lucasfilm


text:
User:Iztok.jeras~enwiki

My wikibooks page iztok.jeras

Experiments:
 * Formal mathemathical definition of cellular automata User:Iztok.jeras/Sandbox
 * Calculating preimages of 1D cellular automata User:Iztok.jeras/Sandbox01

Instructions:
 * How to list sources

Wikipedia pages:
 * Cellular automaton

Wikibooks:
 * Cellular Automata

title: User:Iztok.jeras~enwiki


text: Category:University of Maryland Eastern Shore


text:
Fagopyrum tataricum

Fagopyrum tataricum, also known as Tartary buckwheat, green buckwheat, ku qiao, Tatar buckwheat, or bitter buckwheat, is a domesticated food plant in the genus Fagopyrum in the family Polygonaceae. With another species in the same genus, common buckwheat, it is often counted as a cereal, but the buckwheats are not closely related to true cereals.

Tartary buckwheat is more bitter and contains more rutin than common buckwheat. It also contains other bioactive components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, 2-hydroxybenzylamine and quercitrin.

Tartary buckwheat was domesticated in East Asia and is also cultivated in Europe and North America. While it is an unfamiliar food in the West, it is common in the Himalayan region today, as well as other regions in Southwest China such as Sichuan province. Tartary buckwheat is commonly roasted to make buckwheat tea.

The plant has been cultivated in many parts of the world; however, when found among other crops it is considered a weed.

Chemistry
Fagopyrum tataricum contains aromatic substances. The most important difference when compared to the aroma of Fagopyrum esculentum is the absence of salicylaldehyde and presence of naphthalene.

title: Fagopyrum tataricum


text:
User talk:Alexpedia~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alexpedia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alexpedia~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Alexpedia~enwiki


text:
Theophilus Gale

Theophilus Gale (1628–1678) was an English educationalist, nonconformist and theologian of dissent.

Early life
Gale was born at Kingsteignton, Devon, the son of Bridget Gale (née Walrond) and Theophilus Gale D. D. (died 1639), vicar of Kingsteignton and prebendary of Exeter Cathedral. Gale was educated by a private tutor, before attending grammar school, and being admitted to the University of Oxford, entered Magdalen Hall in 1647 as a commoner. Magdalen Hall was shortly to be the home of nonconforming students: William Conway, John Cudmore, Joseph Maisters and, according to Edmund Calamy, a 'Mr. Sprint'. In August 1648 Henry Wilkinson was appointed as Principal; he was a major figure in Civil War and Protectorate Oxford, lecturing at Carfax Church between 10 October 1642 and 16 June 1662.

Gale became a demy (funded scholar) of Magdalen College following the Parliamentary Visitation of 1648. Here he took his B. A. in 1649, becoming a Fellow and Tutor of Magdalen the following year and being awarded M. A. in 1652. He was then appointed lecturer in Logic (1652) and was later to become a Junior Dean of Arts (1657) and a Senior Dean of Arts (1658). One of his tutorial pupils was Ezekiel Hopkins. In 1657 he had also been appointed a preacher at Winchester Cathedral, alongside Humphrey Ellis, perhaps Faithful Teate (although this is difficult to substantiate) and George Lawrence (Chaplain of the Hospital of St Cross). Magdalen itself was home to some of the most influential radical theologians of the day, including Thomas Goodwin (President), Henry Hickman (Fellow), Zachary Mayne (Fellow) and John Gipps (Chaplain). Gale's Congregationalism made him a natural ally of Goodwin, and may also have led to an association with John Owen, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford and President of Christ Church for much of this period.

Ejected minister
Under the Act for Restoration of Ministers (1660) many Puritans and other radicals lost their posts. Gale lost his place at Winchester Cathedral, and also was forced to resign his Fellowship at Magdalen. The Act of Uniformity (1662) required subscription on oath to the articles of the newly restored Church of England and a faithful following of the newly revised Book of Common Prayer (1662) in services for all clergy and teachers. These stipulations permanently barred Gale from University teaching, government employment and the Church of England ministry.

Gale was fortunate in his contacts. Philip Wharton had been a supporter of Parliament in the Civil War and had built up a network of ministerial friends, including John Owen, Thomas Manton, William Bates and John Howe. Wharton, a lay member of the Westminster Assembly in the 1650s, continued an influential dissenting Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire through the Restoration period. He had connections in the United Provinces and France. In 1662 he offered Gale £40 a year as tutor to his sons, a position which enabled Gale to travel to the French Huguenot College at Caen and meet other scholars including Samuel Bochart. Gale's strictness as a teacher offended his patron and he was dismissed in July 1664. After taking the opportunity to travel for a few months, he returned to England in early 1665 and was back at Wharton's Quainton estate before the end of the year.

The latter portion of his life Gale passed in London as assistant to John Rowe, an Independent minister who had charge of a church in Holborn, active in the lull of efforts against conventicles after the Great Fire. Gale settled at Newington Green and took pupils: John Ashwood of Peckham, and the two sons of John Rowe, Thomas (who succeeded Gale as minister) and Benoni. Gale succeeded Rowe in 1677, and died in the following year. He is buried in Bunhill Fields burial ground, where his headstone is believed to be the earliest surviving monument.

The Court of the Gentiles
Gale worked in the 1660s on manuscripts for a large-scale and erudite theoretical work of intellectual history; a hint in Grotius's De Veritate (i. 16) gave him the idea of the derivation of all ancient learning and philosophy from the Hebrew scriptures. He therefore traced European languages to the Hebrew language, and all the theologies, sciences, politics, and literature of pagan antiquity to a Hebrew tradition. In a similar way he dealt with the origin of all philosophies. He also accounted for the errors of pagan philosophy and Catholic divinity by the theory of corruption by successive apostasies from a divine original. Constructively he proposed a reformed Platonism, and tried to rescue the Calvinistic doctrine of predetermination from difficulties. Work left in store escaped the Great Fire of London in 1666.

Gale's major work, The Court of the Gentiles, taking its name from the Court of the Gentiles in the Second Temple, appeared in parts in 1669, 1671 and 1676. It takes the form of a storehouse of miscellaneous philosophical learning. It resembles the Intellectual System of Ralph Cudworth, though many regarded it as inferior. Gale's endeavour (based on a hint of Grotius) was to provide evidence that the foundation of European Christian philosophy is a distorted reproduction of Biblical truths. Just as Cudworth referred the Democritean doctrine of atoms to Moses as the original author, so Gale tries to show that the various systems of Greek thought may be traced back to Middle Eastern and South Asian sources.

The Court of the Gentiles was attacked by the church and referred to as being chaotic and unsystematic. Biblical scholars claimed it lacked discrimination. Each of the four books is broken into multiple sections and the information organised into dozens of chapters. Most pages have dozens of references to previous authors, a flow of references woven into the text rather than being presented in footnotes.

Works

 * 1669: The True Idea of Jansenisme, London
 * 1669: The Court of the Gentiles, Oxford, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1672. A copy on google books
 * 1671: The Life and Death of Thomas Tregosse Late Minister of the Gospel, at Milar and Mabe in Cornwal [sic], London
 * 1671 Theophilie: or A Discourse of the Saints Amitie with God in Christ, London
 * 1672: The Anatomie of Infidelitie, London
 * 1673: The Life and Death of Mr. John Rowe of Crediton in Devon, London
 * 1673: Idea Theologiae, London
 * 1673: A Discourse of Christ's Coming, London
 * 1676: Philosophia Generalis, London
 * 1676: The Court of the Gentiles. Part II., London. A copy on EEBO
 * 1677: The Court of the Gentiles. Part III., London
 * 1677: The Court of the Gentiles. Part IV., London, 1677, 1678, 1682
 * 1678: Dedication to William Strong's A Discourse of the Two Covenants, London
 * 1679: Christ's Tears for Jerusalems Unbelief and Ruine, London

Ars Sciendi (1681) by T. G. is now attributed to Thomas Gowan.

title: Theophilus Gale


text:
User:Iztok.jeras~enwiki/Sandbox

Mathematical model
Formally, a cellular automaton is represented by the 5-tuple $$ \langle Z, S, N, f, B \rangle $$ where:
 * $$Z$$ is the finite or infinite lattice
 * $$S$$ is a finite set of cell states or values
 * $$N$$ is the finite neighborhood
 * $$f$$ is the local transition function defined by the transition table or the rule
 * $$B$$ description of the cell space boundary, used only if there are boundaries to be defined

The lattice is a finite or infinite discrete regular grid of finite number of dimensions, filled with cells. Each cell is defined by it's discrete position (an integer number) and by it's discrete value (a finite set of integers). Time is also discrete. The future state of a cell at time $$t+1$$ is a function of the present state of a finite number of cells called the neighborhood at time $$t-1$$.

One dimensional first order cellular automata
For the sake of readability the next definitions focus on one dimensional first order cellular automata.

Lattice, cell and configuraton
The global state is a configuration $$C$$ in $$S^Z$$. $$S$$ is the finite set $$|S| < \infty$$ of cell states, for formalization purposes the states are enumetated $$S=\{0,1,\dots,|S|-1\}$$. $$Z$$ is the lattice, the infinite cyclic group of integers $$\lbrace...,-1,0,1,2,...\rbrace$$.

$$ C = \dots c_{-1} c_0 c_1 c_2 \dots $$

Neighborhood, local transition function and rule

The cells in the neighborhood $$n_i$$ of the cell $$c_i$$ have indexes $$i+j$$, where $$ j \in N = \lbrace -k_0, -k_o+1 \dots -1,0,1 \dots k-k_0-1 \rbrace $$ are values from the set of neihbours $$N$$.

$$ c_{i-k_0}, c_{i-k_0+1}, \dots, c_{i+k-k_0-1} $$

A compact representation of the neighborhood value $$n_i$$ is a single integer defined as a number of $$k$$ digits base $$|S|$$.

$$ n_i = \sum_{j=1}^{k}{c_{i+N_j} |S|^{j-1}} = c_{i-k_0} |S|^{k-1} + c_{i-k_0+1} |S|^{k-2} + \dots + c_{i+k-k_0-1} |S|^0 $$

The local transition function

$$ f: S^N \mapsto S $$

calculates the value of a single future cell $$c_i$$ from the neighborhood of the observed cell in the present.

$$ c_i^{t+1} = f( c_{i-k_0}^t, c_{i-k_0+1}^t, \dots, c_{i+k-k_0-1}^t ) $$

The transition table defines the local transition function by listing the output value for each input value.

x -> f(x) --- 000 -> 0 001 -> 0 ........ 111 -> 0

The rule $$r$$ is a compact representation of the local transition function. It is a single integer defined as a number of $$k$$ digits base $$|S|$$.

$$ r = f(|S|^k-1) |S|^{|S|^k-1} + \dots + f(1) |S|^1 + f(0) |S|^0 $$

Global transition function
The global dynamics of CA are described by the global transition function

$$ F: S^Z \mapsto S^Z $$

$$F$$ translates the current (present) configuration $$C^t$$ into the next (future) configuration $$C^{t+1}$$

$$ C^{t+1} = F \left(C^t\right) $$

The global transition function $$F$$ is defined by the local transition function $$f$$ as

$$ F(\dots c_{i-1+k_0} c_{i+k_0} c_{i+1+k_0} \dots ) = \dots f( c_{i-1}, c_{i}, \dots, c_{i-1+k_0-1} ) f( c_{i}, c_{i+1}, \dots, c_{i+k_0-1} ) f( c_{i+1}, c_{i+2}, \dots, c_{i+11+k_0-1} ) \dots $$

Finite lattices and latice boundaries

Infinite cellular automata have no boundary, so it's description $$B$$ is omitted. But there is no way to simulate an infinite system using a finite system. The simulation must focus on a finite part of the infinite lattice.

The state of a finite lattice cellular automata is a configuration in the lattice $$S^Z$$, where $$Z$$ is the set of $$n$$ integer cell indexes $$\lbrace 0,1,...,n-1 \rbrace$$

$$ c_0 c_1 \dots c_{i-1} c_i c_{i+1} \dots c_{n-1} $$

The neighborhood used in the local transition function oversteps the lattice boundary for $$k_0$$ cells at the left and $$k-k_0-1$$ cells at the right.

There are two common solutions to the overstepping problem:
 * 1) the lattice is wraped into a circle (thorus for 2D CA)
 * 2) the values of the overstepping parts of the neighborhood are defined explecitely as the boundary $$B$$

Cyclic boundaries are frequently used as there is no need to explecetely define the boundary and no external information is introducet into the CA that could otherwise cause interference at the boundaries. $$Z$$ is a cyclic group of integers modulo $$n$$ ($$\lbrace 0,1,...,n-1 \rbrace$$). The posittion index is calculated as

$$ i_c = i \mod n \qquad i \leq 0 \vee i>n $$

Explecitely defined boundaries are less common as the simple constant values are useful only for CA where we observe events on a quiescent background. The boundary can be defined as a single set (the left and the right part combined) of cell values of length $$k-1$$ (there is no boundary cell with index 0)

$$ B = \lbrace b_{-k_0},\dots,b_{-1}, b_1,\dots,b_{k-k_0-1} \rbrace \quad b_i \in S $$

Example
The commonly known 1D binary CA rule 110 is defined as $$ \langle Z, S, N, f, B \rangle $$ where
 * $$Z$$ can be finite or infinite
 * $$S=\lbrace 0,1 \rbrace$$ is a set of two values
 * $$N=\lbrace -1,0,1 \rbrace$$ is the neighborhood of size $$k=3$$ with symmetric radius $$k_0=1$$
 * $$f$$ is the next local transition function

000 -> 0 001 -> 0 010 -> 0 011 -> 0 100 -> 0 101 -> 0 110 -> 0 111 -> 0

 * $$B=\lbrace b_{-1},b_{1} \rbrace$$ is the optional boundary usually $$B=\lbrace 0,0 \rbrace$$ choosen not to interfere with the quiescent background of all zeros

Multidimensional Cellular Automata
The definition of nD CA is similar to that of 1D CA, the cell space becomes n-dimensional and k and k0 become vectors of length n.

Higher Order Cellular Automata
The CA is of higher order if not only the presen but past configurations too are used to calculate the futer.

Seccond order local transition functions are often used to construct reversible rules.

The De Bruijn diagram of a single cell
The De bruijn diagram is a digraph, where vertexes represent all possible overlappings and arcs represent neighborhoods that that are mapped into the observd cell by the local transition function.

Overlapping of adjacent neighborhoods

The neighborhoods of a pair of adjacent cells $$c_i^t c_{i+1}^t$$ are overlapping. The size of the overlapping is one cell less than the size of the neighborhood $$k-1$$.

$$ o_i = c_{i+1-k_0}, c_{i+1-k_0+1}, \dots, c_{i+1+k-k_0-1} $$

De Bruijn vector
The De Bruijn vector is a formal representation of vertices of the De Bruijn diagram. It consists of $$|S|^{k-1}$$ nonnegative integer entries, one for each of the possible neighborhood overlappings. The entries can have different meanings but a common idea is that the value is greater than 0 if it represents the part of a valid preimage.

$$ d_i = [] $$

De Bruijn matrix of a single cell

The local preimage of a single cell is defined by the inverse of it's local transition function:

$$c_{i-k_0}^{t-1}, c_{i-k_0+1}^{t-1}, \dots, c_{i+k-k_0-1}^{t-1} = f^{-1}(c_i^t)$$

$$c_{i+1-k_0}^{t-1}, c_{i+1-k_0+1}^{t-1}, \dots, c_{i+1+k-k_0-1}^{t-1} = f^{-1}(c_{i+1}^t)$$

The De Bruijn matrix $$D(c)$$ is the transition matrix for the De Bruijn diagram. It is a function of the cell value $$c$$. The size of the metrix is a square $$|S|^{k-1} \times |S|^{k-1}$$ (the size of the De Bruijn vector).

If the left and the right overlapping represent a neighborhood that maps into the expected output value $$c$$

Cellular automata neighborhood overlapping

The De Bruijn diagrams are used to describe the local preimage of a

$$ d_{ij}( = \begin{cases} 1, & \mbox{ if neighborhoods are overlapping } \\ 0, & \mbox{ else } \end{cases} $$

The De Bruijn matrix of a string of cells
The De Bruijn matrix of a string of cells is the multiplied chain of single cell matrices

$$ D(c_p c_{p+1} \dots c_q) = D(c_p) \cdot D(c_{p+1}) \cdots D(c_q) $$

Reversibility of Cellular Automata
The CA rule is reversible, if the global transition function $$F$$ is bijective (both injective and surjective).

Injectivity of the global transition function
$$F$$ is injective, there is at most one preimage for any CA configuration.

$$F: X \mapsto Y \qquad \forall x_1,x_2 \in \Omega \; [x_1 \neq x_2 \Rightarrow F(x_1) \neq F(x_2)] $$

So there are no configurations with more than one predecessor.

Surjectivity of the global transition function
$$F$$ is injective, there is at least one preimage for any CA configuration.

$$F: X \mapsto Y \qquad \forall y \in \Omega \; \exists x [ y = F(x)] $$

So there are no configurations without a predecessor (so called Garden of Eden).

Bijectivity of the global transition function
$$F$$ is bijective if it is both injective and surjective. For any conficuration there is exactly one predecesor.

CA deffinition

 * 1) Lyman Hurd, What are Cellular Automata (CA)?, CA FAQ
 * 2) Erica Jen, Enumeration of Preimages in Cellular Automata, Complex Systems 3 (1989) 421-456
 * 3) Hidenosuke Nishio, Information Dynamics of Cellular Automata II: Completness, Degeneracy and Entropy
 * 4) Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science

De Bruijn diagram

 * 1) Harold V. McIntosh, Linear Cellular Automata Via de Bruijn Diagrams

Software

 * 1) DDLab by Andy Wuensche

title: User:Iztok.jeras~enwiki/Sandbox


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wisekey

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Copyvio, deleted. humblefool®Deletion Reform 01:44, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Wisekey
Looks like advertising. NSR (talk) 12:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Deleted after listing on WP:CP--Duk 15:38, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment. Wiskey gets over 41,000 google hits, however "World Internet Secure Key" only gets around 345. --Eliezer 12:44, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as copyvio, direct cut-and-paste from their website. I'm not sure about their notability, but it doesn't look good... surely if they were big players in the internet security arena they'd manage more than their present Alexa rank of 784,708 (Verisign, for comparison's sake, is in the top 5000).  In any case, we'd do better to start from scratch than to try to build on a copyvio anyway. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  13:04, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy as above. Added template to page. -Harmil 13:49, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wisekey


text: Category:University of Baltimore

title: Category:University of Baltimore


text:
User:The Brain of Morbius/Paul Feltham

Paul Feltham is a sports psychologist and former Australian rules footballer and coach. He is best known for a short stint as caretaker coach of the Brisbane Bears in 1989.

Playing career
Early in his career, Feltham played for Eastlake Football Club in the ACTAFL and Balmain Football Club in the NSWAFL. However, he made his name as a tough midfielder for North Melbourne (1970-76) and Richmond (1978) in a career which included membership of North's inaugural premiership side in 1975.

Coaching career
Feltham moved to Queensland and coached the University of Southern Queensland's Australian football team and the Morningside Football Club (QAFL) in the 1980s before joining the underperforming Brisbane Bears in a part-time role as sports psychologist for the 1989 season.

When incumbent coach Peter Knights was sacked with seven games remaining in the season, Feltham, was surprisingly appointed caretaker coach ahead of any of the existing coaching panel. The Bears immediately rallied to win five of the remaining matches.

Feltham was not considered for the permanent coaching position for the following season, reportedly due to a clash with particular senior players and certain club personnel, most notably football manager Shane O'Sullivan. He was replaced by another caretaker coach, former coaching assistant and ex-Fitzroy player Norm Dare, for the 1990 season while the search for a permanent coach continued for 1991.

For most of the 1990s he disappeared from the spotlight, but reappeared in 1999 as an applicant for the vacant coaching role with Woodville-West Torrens. He applied for the same position again the following season. He also applied for the coaching role with Hawthorn in 2004. He was unsuccessful in each of these applications.

He is currently based in Canada, where he is coach of the London Magpies Australian Football Club, and is also sports psychologist with AFL Canada's national side, the Northwind.

title: User:The Brain of Morbius/Paul Feltham


text:
Category:Towson University

This category is for articles about Towson University and its predecessor institutions, State Normal School (1866-1935), Maryland State Teachers College at Towson (1935-1963), Towson State College (1963-1976), Towson State University (1976-1988).

title: Category:Towson University


text:
TBE buffer

TBE or Tris/Borate/EDTA, is a buffer solution containing a mixture of Tris base, boric acid and EDTA.

In molecular biology, TBE and TAE buffers are often used in procedures involving nucleic acids, the most common being electrophoresis. Tris-acid solutions are effective buffers for slightly basic conditions, which keep DNA deprotonated and soluble in water. EDTA is a chelator of divalent cations, particularly of magnesium (Mg2+). As these ions are necessary co-factors for many enzymes, including contaminant nucleases, the role of the EDTA is to protect the nucleic acids against enzymatic degradation. But since Mg2+ is also a co-factor for many useful DNA-modifying enzymes such as restriction enzymes and DNA polymerases, its concentration in TBE or TAE buffers is generally kept low (typically at around 1 mM).

More recently discovered substitutes for TBE and TAE buffers for electrophoresis are available.

Recipe (1 liter of 5X stock solution)
Adjust pH to 8.3 by HCl.
 * 54 g of Tris base (CAS# 77-86-1, free base)
 * 27.5 g of boric acid (CAS# 10043-35-3)
 * 20 ml of 0.5 M EDTA (CAS# 60-00-4) (pH 8.0)

TBE can be diluted to 1X prior to use in electrophoresis, 0.5x is acceptable as well. Higher concentrations will result in poor results due to excessive heat generation.

title: TBE buffer


text:
King Parsons

King Bailey Parsons Jr. (born June 11, 1950) is a former professional wrestler better known by his ring name Iceman King Parsons.

Professional wrestling career
Parsons started wrestling in 1979 after being trained by Nick Kozak. King started for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)'s Paul Boesch Promotion in Houston, Texas. Boesch contacted Don Owen and was successful in landing a job for King in the NWA's Pacific Northwest territory. Both Don and Elton Owen promoted in Washington and Oregon. While in the promotion, he teamed with Rocky Johnson and won the tag team title. King moved to Barling, Arkansas and lived there while working for the Tulsa promotion and Leroy McGuirk circa 1978–79. King moved to Worland, Wyoming and wrestled for the Rocky Mountain Wrestling promotion for about a year, wrestling in Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah. Bill Ash booked all the talent and the matches.

In 1982, he moved on to Jim Crockett Promotions where he teamed with Porkchop Cash and feuded with Don Kernodle and Jim Nelson over the NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship. In 1983, King then moved on to World Class Championship Wrestling. He feuded with the One Man Gang and Chris Adams. Parsons feuded with Freebird Buddy Roberts who cut his hair. They ended the feud late June 1983 with Parsons using the Freebird hair cream to render Roberts bald. In early December, 1983, Parsons was kayfabe burnt by Skandor Akbar's flame thrower in a match between him and Junkyard Dog vs. Super Destroyer #1 & Super Destroyer #2, leaving Parsons with a kayfabe disfigurement. Teaming with Brian Adias against the Super Destroyers at WCCW Wrestling Star Wars in December 1983, Parsons would almost win the NWA American Tag Team Championship, but with the Super Destroyers throwing Adias over the top rope, The Super Destroyers would retain the belts. In addition to his wrestling ability, Parsons became known as one the best microphone workers in the industry, using many catch phrases such as "rooty poot," "Hubba Bubba, not a speck of trubba," and "Like Momma says, it be's that way sometimes -- have mercy!"

In 1984 Parsons formed "Rock 'n' Soul" with Buck Zumhofe and they, too, had a big feud with The Super Destroyers. He wrestled briefly in the Texas All-Star Wrestling promotion in 1986 and formed the "Dream Team" with Tiger Conway, Jr. They feuded with Mike and Dizzy Golden.

Iceman then went on to the Universal Wrestling Federation, where he was snubbed out of a tag team title tournament in 1987. Parsons turned heel and feuded mostly with Adams and with Savannah Jack for many months, and his feud with Jack carried over to Ken Mantell's new Wild West Wrestling promotion. In late 1987, he joined Terry Gordy and Buddy Roberts, after Michael Hayes left the Fabulous Freebirds, to help them get revenge on him. Hayes teamed with Kerry and Kevin Von Erich and they had a long feud that eventually saw Gordy side with Hayes and the Von Erichs and Roberts leave the promotion. Parsons was known as the "Blackbird" during this feud and formed a trio called "The Blackbirds" with Perry "Action" Jackson and Harold T. Harris. In 1985, Parsons would win the WCWA American Heavyweight Championship defeating Chris Adams, later losing that title to "Ravishing" Rick Rude. In March 1988 Parsons defeated Kerry Von Erich for the World Class Heavyweight Championship in a highly controversial bout that actually saw the lights go out in the Dallas Sportatorium.

In the early-1990s, he moved over to the Herb Abrams-owned Universal Wrestling Federation and feuded with Colonel DeBeers over his treatment of African-American referee Larry Sampson, who was Parsons's storyline cousin. In 1992, Parsons went to the Global Wrestling Federation with Jackson as the Blackbirds managed by The Witch Dr Baboose and won the tag team title. Parsons also won the North American title, which was their top title. Parsons and Jackson feuded with The Ebony Experience. He also worked for the United States Wrestling Association where he was managed by Skandor Akbar and Percy Pringle.

After the death of friend Chris Adams in 2001 and suffering a serious back injury from a car accident, Parsons cut back on his appearances. He is semi-retired, appearing from time to time with a few independent promotions in Texas.

On September 1, 2018 Parsons teamed with Marshall and Ross Von Erich defeating Tatanka, Kid Kash and Arrow Club Kyote at World Class Revolution.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Big D Wrestling
 * Big D Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Action Jackson
 * Continental Wrestling Alliance
 * CWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Extreme Pro Wrestling
 * EPW Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Global Wrestling Federation
 * GWF North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * GWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Perry Jackson
 * Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Porkchop Cash
 * National Class Wrestling
 * NCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * North American Wrestling Alliance
 * NAWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pacific Northwest Wrestling
 * NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocky Johnson
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him # 69 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI 500" in 1991
 * PWI ranked him # 249 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Texas All-Star Wrestling
 * Texas All-Star USA Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Tiger Conway Jr.
 * Texas Wrestling Federation
 * TWF Asian Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Ultimate Wrestling Federation
 * UWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * World Class Championship Wrestling / World Class Wrestling Association
 * NWA American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA American Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Brian Adias (1) and Buck Zumhofe (2)
 * WCCW Television Championship (4 times)
 * WCWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WCWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * WCWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Gordy and Buddy Roberts
 * WCWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Taylor
 * World Wrestling Alliance
 * WWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

title: King Parsons


text:
Central Police Division

The Central Police Division (or  'A' Division), is one of the seven land divisions of the Singapore Police Force. It was established in 1867 and is the longest-serving Police Division in Singapore. Amongst the seven land divisions covering all of Singapore's primary land mass, Central Division has the smallest operational area, covering just over 27 square kilometres and has a residential population of around 280,000.

History
The Central Police Division was originally situated at the Hill Street Police Station before moving to the Eu Tong Sen Street Police Station in 1982, it relocated again in 1994 to the Beach Road Police Station before finally settling down at the new Police Cantonment Complex in 2000. When the Geylang Police Division was closed in December 2000, 'A' Division took over 10% of its areas of control, while the 40% came under the Ang Mo Kio Police Division and the remainder of 50% went to Bedok Police Division. The People's Armed Police Force was first established in 1983, at the Hill Street Police Station before moving to the Eu Tong Sen Street Police Station, it relocated again in 1994 to the Beach Road Police Station before finally settling down at the new Police Cantonment Complex in 2000.

Establishments

 * Central Division HQ
 * Bukit Merah East Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Kreta Ayer Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Radin Mas Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Tanjong Pagar Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Tiong Bahru Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Rochor Neighbourhood Police Centre
 * Kallang Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Kampong Glam Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Kolam Ayer Neighbourhood Police Post
 * Marina Bay Neighbourhood Police Centre

Leadership and awards
Deputy Assistant Commissioner of Police (DAC) Daniel Tan Sin Heng was the Commander of Central Police Division between 25 June 2012 and 1 January 2016. Then Deputy Assistant Commissioner of Police (DAC) Arthur Law Kok Leong took over the role of Commander of Central Police Division on 2 January 2016. He held the position until 12 August 2018, before moving on to become Commander of Special Operations Command. The position of Commander was handed over to Deputy Assistant Commissioner of Police (DAC) Gregory Tan Siew Hin on 13 August 2018, a position which he has held since.

Under the leadership of then Assistant Commissioner of Police (AC) Arthur Law, Central Police Division received its first Best Land Division Award in 2018.

title: Central Police Division


text:
User talk:InfectedWithRage

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --OpenToppedBus - My Talk 12:33, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
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Hello? Fornadan (t) 10:46, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Joseph Chamberlain
I've been watching your expansion of Joseph Chamberlain with interest, and I'm very impressed with the detail you've been adding. A few minor quibbles, though; I'm not going to fix them in the article yet, because I suspect you've got better access to the appropriate reference material than I have.
 * Please could you check the date of the founding of the NLF at Bingley Hall? 31 February can't be right!
 * I think you're wrong about Chamberlain's apprenticeship. As I understand it the Cordwainers Company is a livery company - a guild, not a business - and is concerned with all shoemaking, not just "Spanish shoes". They were the governing body of the apprenticeship, not the employer. I have to admit I don't know what sort of shoes the Chamberlain family business made.
 * I see you took out my line about Chamberlain equating Irish Home Rule with the position of London. If you're interested, the exact quote is
 * "I cannot admit that five millions of Irishmen have any greater right to govern themselves without regard to the rest of the United Kingdom than the five million inhabitants of the metropolis."
 * ...from his speech at Warrington on 8 September 1885 (Chamberlain, Mr Chamberlain's Speeches ed Boyd (1914) vol I p.243.

Apart from that, keep up the good work. --rbrwr± 19:34, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please could you fill in the edit summary? It makes it a lot easier to make sense of the page history.

Joe C and the Cons
Hi. You wrote in your recent edit of Chamberlain that he was not a member of the Cons. Yet the Lib Unionists and the Cons merged in 1912, and Joe the MP didn't kick the can until 1914. Just wondering if you know any details about 1912-1914, since I do not--longlivefolkmusic 00:42, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Mine a Million
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Nomination of Mine a Million for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:InfectedWithRage