text:
User talk:Jonto

Zealotry
You ought to get in touch with User: 64.109.253.204. This anonymous user has very strong opinions about my edits.

Lapsed Pacifist 21:05, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Cut and paste moves
As regards Irish Republican Army:

Please do not attempt to move pages by cutting and pasting content. This forks the edit histories of pages, thus breaking the edit attribution needed under the GFDL, not to mention making it harder to see how the article evolved generally.

Use the "move" tab above the article to move the entire article (including edit history) to a new location.

For the time being I have restored the original content at Irish Republican Army. Should you wish to move it to the location you previously chose, I can delete the pasted article for you first (pages can only be moved to an "empty" location).

zoney ♣ talk 14:02, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I have deleted Irish Republican Army (1916-1919), so should you wish, you can move the Irish Republican Army page there (although I would suggest putting a notice on talk page and waiting a few days to see what others think). zoney ♣ talk 14:04, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I was not aware I could do that.Jonto 13:51, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Ulster Banner
I'm still somewhat unhappy about this. How widespread is the term "Ulster Banner" for the Northern Ireland flag? It's certainly a POV term for a flag associated with (note, not representing) the six counties only, and not all of Ulster. I would be prepared to accept that it is termed the Ulster Banner if there are sources, but I'm still not sure it's proper to refer to it as such (and certainly without explaining the problem with the term) here on Wikipedia.

zoney ♣ talk 17:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * As said, "Ulster banner" is the flag's official name, as sourced from the Flags of the World site on that page. From experience the term is not used that often - the most common term being "Ulster Flag", so I don't see how removing it is going to make any difference. From the article's title of "Flag of Northern Ireland, so I don't think you can get any clearer than that. I think it is also explained pretty well.

 * I also think it is a matter of debate as to whether "Ulster" in an article on NI is a "POV" term as you put it (this is actually your POV!!). This is a very complex issue because the word is used in many contexts - cultural, political, geographical, historical, sporting, as an identity, and often mainly because "Ulster" is 2 syllables and "Northern Ireland" is 4 syllables! Depending on your POV and context Ulster has 9 counties, 6 counties, or perhaps most significantly and accurately is a cultural region with no exact boundary. There is a distinct Ulster/Ulster-Scot identity in NI (and also in some areas in the Republic, mainly Donegal where many people have an almost identical accent and a close relationship to those in NI), of which the existence of Northern Ireland plays a crucial role in upholding this identity. Therefore, to supress such information is actually causing offence to many Ulstermen and Ulsterwomen. I think this issue of Ulster identity and the cultural region does not seem to be mentioned on wikipedia, and the Ulster article actually needs some work to bring it up to scratch.Jonto 23:54, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

You may want to take a glance at Irish Republican Army. A user wants to blur the line between the Old IRA and later IRAs and is annoyed that, as a professional historian, I am trying to point out the fact that post 1922 IRAs did not have the same legitimacy in the public's eyes as the IRA of the Anglo-Irish War. FearÉIREANN\(caint) 21:35, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Question for you...
Hey Jonto, we discussed previously on the Derry/Londonderry vote. It's a bit naughty of me but I'm assuming where you are coming from politically and geographically and as such I was hoping you would have some knowledge of the breaking of the boom in "Stroke_City". I was hoping to add something to the article on River Foyle. A lifetime ago I did a project at school using materials from the Linenhall library, but I'm now half way round the world and don't really know where to start... I added the suicide info on the Foyle at that article, but would dearly love to add more information to the article to balance it out a bit. Interested? BTW if you are in the north it would be good to get a vandalised sign photo for the stroke city article... SeanMack 12:52, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Talk:Northern Ireland
Fair enough, I was reverting other vandalism by that user and I may have been a bit hasty. Demiurge 19:43, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * No problemo. Jonto 19:50, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Template:Scouts UK Counties
I see you have added the Flag again. User:The Tom removed it because it might be seen as POV and argumentative. I've no fixed views. I just wish someone would add the English Scout Counties or, as I would prefer,, change the whole thing to a more workable number of regions - workable in terms of having articles on Scouting for each link. Let us see if it stays. If it gets reverted again, I will suggest to the WikiProject Scouting that all flags be removed from the template. --Bduke 21:46, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * User The_Tom removed the image from many templates, despite not fully understanding al the issues at hand - I simply restored to all.

 * I have no problems with you removing all the flags from this particular template.Jonto 22:02, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

NI
Hi Jonto. Left a message for you on my talk page. Cheers. --Mal 20:44, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Ulster
Good call on your revert for the Ulster disambig page. The previous edit was POV. "Often called" is fine in my books. --Mal 00:58, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Awww poor little 'Jonto' has been rumbled. Dismiss us as 'Irish Republicans'? I'm sure as hell Irish - prove that I'm a 'Republican'.. Tír Eoghain abú

Your notes
Thanks for your notes, had I been awake when you posted them I probably would have restored some or all of your posts. I'd still advise you to tone down your criticism of Jtdirl unless you want to take formal steps against him, viz. RfC, RfAr. That kind of "ROUGE ADMIN!!!" stuff regardless of Truth or not just turns people off. Regards, - FrancisTyers · 11:45, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Belfast WikiProject
Seeing your reply on the Northern Ireland talk page reminded me that you're from Belfast, aren't you? Anyway - here's a standard circular I've been sending to people who have listed themselves as Northern Irish Wikipedians, or people who have made decent contributions to Belfast-related articles:

As you have contributed to an article relating to Belfast, I hope you could take some time to read this page about our new project: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Belfast.

Thanks. --Mal 01:54, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Ulster flag
I've corrected the hand in Image:Flag of Ulster.svg, please let me know if there's something else that need to be fixed. Conscious 15:46, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Hey,

You might want to look at talk:Prime minister. The page was moved to the illiterate form Prime minister by a vote of 3 people. A new RM is taking place but the illiterates seem to be queuing to endorse such a crazy move. Feel free to contribute to the debate. FearÉIREANN \(caint) 03:15, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

Northern Ireland mediation
A request for mediation has been filed with the Mediation Committee. It doesn't list you as a party, but you may wish to add yourself. Please review the request at Requests for mediation/Northern Ireland and, if you wish, add you name and indicate that you agree to mediate. If you are unfamiliar with mediation, please refer to Mediation. There are only seven days for everyone to agree, so please check as soon as possible. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 18:20, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

"Irish Border"
Hi, I have reverted your edit, as you introduced material about the UK's own internal land frontiers that are not relevant. The wording: "The only land frontier between Ireland and the United Kingdom" is correct. All the best, bigpad 15:59, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Re: flags
I will look into the matter, and history of the argument tommorow evening. For now, I will leave the page protected to give everybody involved time to calm down. Joe D (t) 23:13, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

WP:NPA
I find yet again you are engaging in personal attacks against other editors, "a lot of editors who are blatantly distorting articles with a pro-Irish Republican PoV ino many articles keep coming running to your talk page", as it is perfectly obvious who you are referring to. So far you have received 3 blocks for personal attacks. If you persist in this, you are going to get blocked again. I suggest you refrain from negative comments about other editors. Tyrenius 07:07, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Whilst I agree that in the past I have made personal attacks towards users that have been involved in disruptive vandalism, the quote you gave is criticising the disruptive actions of certain users, in no way breaches WP:NPA, and I would happily repeat the commment above. Jonto 19:15, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Flags
I'am not concerned about your removal of the Tricolour, but can you explain the rest of your edit where you are removing referenced material and the reference as well, this could be regarded as vandalism, so I am asking you in good faith to restore this information.--padraig3uk

Speedy deletion of Template:User Earth2
A tag has been placed on Template:User Earth2 requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section T3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a deprecated or orphaned template. After seven days, if it is still unused and the speedy deletion tag has not been removed, the template will be deleted.

If the template is intended to be substituted, please feel free to remove the speedy deletion tag and please consider putting a note on the template's page indicating that it is substituted so as to avoid any future mistakes (<noinclude>{{transclusionless}}</noinclude>).

Thanks. --MZMcBride (talk) 22:34, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Template:User United Kingdom2
A tag has been placed on Template:User United Kingdom2 requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section T3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a deprecated or orphaned template. After seven days, if it is still unused and the speedy deletion tag has not been removed, the template will be deleted.

If the template is intended to be substituted, please feel free to remove the speedy deletion tag and please consider putting a note on the template's page indicating that it is substituted so as to avoid any future mistakes (<noinclude>{{transclusionless}}</noinclude>).

Thanks. --MZMcBride (talk) 19:37, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Northern Ireland
Hi,

I'd like to take the opportunity to advise you on two matters which, being a member or former member of the Northern Ireland WikiProject or it's sister project on Belfast, you might be interested in the following submission about a recent terrorist attack Northern Irish Wikipedians' notice board.

I'd also like to take this opportunity to ask for your help in reviving the Northern Ireland WikiProject. Given that there are only a small number of Wikipedians from Northern Ireland or interested specifically in the region, the project needs all the help it can get.

Cheers, --Setanta747 (talk) 13:12, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

December 2008
Please do not delete content or templates from pages on Wikipedia without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear constructive, and has been reverted. Please make use of the sandbox if you'd like to experiment with test edits. BigDunc Talk 23:21, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Apologies - my deletion was accidental! Jonto (talk) 23:22, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Ireland naming question
You are receiving this message because you have previously posted at a Ireland naming related discussion. Per Requests for arbitration/Ireland article names, a procedure has been developed at WikiProject Ireland Collaboration, and the project is now taking statements. Before creating or replying to a statement please consider the statement process, the problems and current statements. GnevinAWB (talk) 18:04, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Flag of Northern Ireland
Per The Troubles arbitration case, this article is under 1RR probation. Please note that any further reverts will result in a block. I have also informed User:MusicInTheHouse of this. Thanks, Black Kite 20:23, 21 June 2009 (UTC)
 * No problem - will wait. It would, however, be useful if we could get some involvement in debates from parties who are non-aligned with Northern Ireland issues - I am sick of only being able to debate with people who plaster their homepages with Irish Nationalist regalia. Jonto (talk) 22:37, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

Blocked
Since you have previously been warned per The Troubles Arbitration for edit-warring on Flag of Northern Ireland - here - and have resumed this behaviour, I have blocked you.

in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make constructive contributions. If you believe this block is unjustified, you may contest the block by adding the text  below, but you should read our guide to appealing blocks first.
 * Please kindly get lost - I did not break any revert rule. The fact is that Wikipedia is widely inaccurate on many NI articles, and people like myself are attempting to improve it, but any edits that I even attempt to perform are instantly reverted without discussion by a core group of editors (often with their talk pages plastered in Irish nationalist regalia). Trying to denounce challenging inaccurate information as "edit warring" is simply preposterous. People like you are the ones that are driving editors away from Wikipedia, and only contributing to the resulting mess that it is becoming. Jonto (talk) 15:52, 8 August 2009 (UTC)

NFCC9 and Talk:Flag of Northern Ireland
Per this revert, please read WP:NFCC. If you restore that image to display in the talk page again, you will be blocked. MickMacNee (talk) 18:56, 8 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Apologies - I was not aware of this policy. I would, however, appreciate if you could use a less threatening tone with the whole "blocking" thing. I do, however, think that showing the full image on the talk page really adds more to the discussion, and that such a policy seems rather daft to me. Jonto (talk) 01:01, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It wasn't a threat, had you reverted once more after being told twice, you would have been blocked, that is a simple fact. I would have been nicer had you not forced me to do the same thing twice, and just asked if you didn't understand my first explanation. The policy is there for an extremely good reason. MickMacNee (talk) 01:42, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

December 2014
You have been blocked from editing for a period of 72 hours for disrupting collaboration, as you did at Cultural Marxism. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the following text below this notice:. However, you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Shii (tock) 01:06, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

May 2016
Please don't make any more comments like this one. It is possible to disagree with others without issuing personal attacks. --John (talk) 14:08, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I fail to see anything personal nor insulting there. I think you need to stop treating people here like little thin-skinned children Jonto (talk) 19:28, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

The material on the Queen's Birthday has been disputed by several editors. The process is that you now seek agreement on the talk page. If you tag team with Miles to re-inserti the material without agreement on the talk page I will request your behaviour is examined via enforcement of arbitration committee sanctions on Troubles Articles. Snowded TALK 10:16, 21 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Good for you. I'm sure your life is very exciting if that's what your plan is. What you call "tag teaming" I call collaboration. You do not dictate the content here. Jonto (talk) 19:28, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

You have been mentioned...
...in a discussion here. Miles Creagh (talk) 22:09, 19 May 2016 (UTC)

Indenting
I had to fix your post, per WP:INDENT -- GoodDay (talk) 14:35, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Blocked again
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by first reading the guide to appealing blocks, then adding the following text to the bottom of your talk page:. Hi Jonto. I am disappointed that you failed to follow my advice regarding personal attacks. This edit is the wrong side of the line when you have been blocked before, been recently warned, and are aware you are editing in a delicate area which is the subject of ArbCom discretionary sanctions. I'd also note that I find this a bit concerning; if you are not in agreement with our fundamental goals or methodology, maybe you should reconsider your involvement here. You have 48 hours to reconsider your tone and your strategy. Depending on your future behaviour, I may recommend a topic ban as well. What are your feelings on the matter? --John (talk) 16:41, 27 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I find that rather obnoxious. I do not appreciate the threats made to me by users like and Snowded and yourself -- unlike you, I have not threatened or harassed anyone. I have every right to be involved as anything else. I find it pathetic I am not allowed dismiss threats or to criticise Wikipedia. I feel other admins need to give you a block for your harassment. Jonto (talk) 16:48, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

1rr restrictions on all articles relevant to Northern Ireland Flags
Per The Troubles arbitration case, all articles that contain information about the Northern Ireland Flag, are also under restrictions. Please note that other disruptive or inflammatory behaviour could also result in a block. I'm sending you this so that you can be helped to not inadvertently step over the line in some of the discussions or edits that you do, though it is, of course, up to you what you do. I will be endeavouring to warn others who I discover have been contributing to articles that contain contentious material about any Northern Ireland flag. I would rather not see anyone have action taken against them. It is far better to edit within the restrictions and with others than against others. DDStretch   (talk)  16:00, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

One week block
You have been blocked temporarily from editing for abuse of editing privileges. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by first reading the guide to appealing blocks, then adding the following text to the bottom of your talk page:. I noticed this. I have blocked for one week. Please do not ever again make a discussion personal like this, especially in a charged topic like the Troubles. If you ever do anything like this again the next block will probably have to be be indefinite. Please use this time to consider carefully what you are doing and how you are doing it. Something has to change if you wish to continue editing here. --John (talk) 20:28, 3 June 2016 (UTC)

 Your ability to edit this talk page has been revoked as an administrator has identified your talk page edits as inappropriate and/or disruptive. ([ block log] • [ active blocks] • [ global blocks] • [//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools/autoblock/?user=&project=en.wikipedia.org autoblocks] • contribs • deleted contribs • [ abuse filter log] • [ • change block settings • [ unblock] • [ checkuser] ([ log]))

If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you should read the guide to appealing blocks, then contact administrators by submitting a request to the Unblock Ticket Request System. If the block is a CheckUser or Oversight block, was made by the Arbitration Committee or to enforce an arbitration decision (arbitration enforcement), or is unsuitable for public discussion, you should appeal to the Arbitration Committee. Please note that there could be appeals to the unblock ticket request system that have been declined leading to the post of this notice.

I will let a fourth admin review your request. Two things meantime; have you read WP:GAB? Might be worth a look before posting any more unblock requests. If you continue to post poorly written ones diplaying no insight into why your block was made, you will likely have your talk page access revoked. And, if you want me to look at another editor's conduct, you will have to show evidence. Can you show an instance of Snowded's "constant personal attacks and threats"? If you can I will definitely have a look. --John (talk) 15:26, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

The Siege of Londonderry
Jonto, You are an experienced editor. This edit here has been amended from an earlier one which contained some verbatim sentences. That isn't allowed, perhaps rightly so. I've been advised to get advice from an experienced editor before inserting my revision. See my talk page for more details. What do you think of this? Would it strike the correct balance between keeping exactly to original sources and not violating plagiarism? The source in question is Macaulay, listed in the main article. The purpose of this edit is to fill the gap relating to the starvation in the city which is a notorious part of the story.

''Meanwhile a relief expedition under the command of Colonel Percy Kirke set sail from Liverpool on 22nd May. On 15th June, by which stage horseflesh was the only meat available to be purchased, and even then in scarce supply, hope appeared on the horizon for the citizens besieged within the walls of the city. Sails were spotted nine miles off at the entrance to Lough Foyle. There were thirty vessels in all. A secret message from the fleet got past the Irish sentinels and through to the city informing the besieged that Colonel Kirke had arrived from England with an army and some supplies. But this early hope soon gave way to six more weeks of misery. Kirke thought it would be unsafe to try and break the lines of the besieging army and he continued to wait inactive. By late July, famine and disease had reduced the population in the city more so than had been done by enemy fire. Those few who could afford it purchased dogs that had been fattened on the blood of the slain. A puppy's paw cost five shillings and sixpence. People hunted and ate rats, and all this time the relief ships could be seen inactive in the distance. Towards the end of July, a dispatch was sent to Colonel Kirke from England ordering him to relieve the city. On 30 July, two armed merchant ships, Mountjoy and Phoenix, sailed toward the defensive boom (floating barrier) across the River Foyle at Culmore fort, protected by the frigate HMS Dartmouth under Captain John Leake. Mountjoy rammed and broke the boom, and the rest of the ships followed behind and sailed to the city. Many tons of food were unloaded and the siege was relieved although it wasn't until the 31st July that the besiegers guns fell silent.[1] ''

Is it OK? Centuryofconfusion (talk) 18:19, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

Flag of Northern Ireland is covered by discretionary sanctions under the WP:TROUBLES case
EdJohnston (talk) 17:39, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jonto


text:
User talk:80.42.166.108

Before removing the imag on Oral sex, please discuss it at the talk page on Talk:Oral sex. Thank you - your edit has been reverted. You're welcome to contribute and add to Wikipedia, but please don't remove images without first discussing them. — Stevey7788 (talk) 21:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.42.166.108


text:
Tetraodon

Tetraodon is a genus in the pufferfish family (Tetraodontidae) found in freshwater in Africa. It is the type genus of the family and historically included numerous other species; several Asian species were moved to the genera Dichotomyctere, Leiodon and Pao in 2013.

Species
There are 6 recognized species in this genus:

 * Tetraodon duboisi Poll, 1959
 * Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Fahaka pufferfish, Nile pufferfish, lineatus puffer or globe fish)
 * Tetraodon mbu Boulenger, 1899 (mbu pufferfish or giant pufferfish)
 * Tetraodon miurus Boulenger, 1902 (Congo pufferfish or potato pufferfish)
 * Tetraodon pustulatus A. D. Murray, 1857 (Cross River pufferfish)
 * Tetraodon schoutedeni Pellegrin, 1926

title: Tetraodon


text:
Talk:Tawny Kitaen

Article needs rewriting in encyclopedia style
This article has useful information, but there are major problems:

1) Many controversial statements are not backed by citations. 2) Existing references are very weak. An article naming her once, that does not back up what is said here is irrelevant. 3) Large number of links to Tawny Kitaen suggest parts of this article were written by people with conflict of interest, which is contrary to Wiki policy. 4) Parts of the article reads more like a tabloid feature, than an encyclopedia.

It's tone is too casual

 * I doubt anyone associated with Kitaen had any hand in this article. Not sure what you mean by "large number of links to" What? The references? The movies/TV she's done? You need to be more clear about your issues. As for her legal issues they are well documented, sourced, referenced and cited in legit media, I see articles from the AP, and the NY Times just for 2, those pass the test. Also please sign your comments, it's does 2 helpful things, lets others know who you are, and it timestamps your comments so I know if I'm in a 10 year old discussion or not. Status4 (talk) 15:19, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Personal Life
I can find reference to Raquel Welch being named Fairest of the Fair for Miss San Diego County, but nothing of the runner up contestant. Is there a citation for this? Dohhh22 (talk) 16:08, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Photo
There's a photo at fy:Ofbyld:Tawny_Kitaen.jpg - would that be suitable for using here? GoingBatty (talk) 02:55, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

 * That specific photo which is on a wiki page in another language, is not freely licensed, and the uploader's rational for using it even though it isn't, really isn't kosher. However there must be a usable photo of her out there that will meet the wikipedia photo requirements, I didn't find anything already on Wikimedia Commons. Status4 (talk) 15:08, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2021
She was married to David Coverdale in 1989, not 1898. She didn’t even exist then. 2601:3C0:4302:2CB0:4446:E7D1:471:5679 (talk) 15:10, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

 * JasonH1978 has fixed that . Thanks all. -- Finlay McWalter··–·Talk 15:21, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 May 2021 (2)
Please add this obituary from the Hollywood Reporter. It seems more official than the one from ”Metal Sludge”...

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/tawny-kitaen-bachelor-party-star-music-video-vixen-dies-59-1234950193/ 78.77.198.253 (talk) 16:24, 8 May 2021 (UTC) 78.77.198.253 (talk) 16:24, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. We don't just add a reference because it exists. If you suggest some content based on this reference, please follow the instructions and do so in the clear manner suggested. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 23:25, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

Dilated cardiomyopathy
The article falsely claims that Dilated cardiomyopathy is a "common type of heart disease". It is uncommon, and even mostly associated with males. Perhaps we may never know Kitaen's Covid status or vaccine status, but according to the NIH there is an association of dilated cardiomyopathy as a side effect of the Covid-19 vaccine  Knowsetfree (talk | contribs)  19:24, 7 May 2022

title: Talk:Tawny Kitaen


text:
Parallel programming model

In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality: how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures, and its performance: how efficiently the compiled programs can execute. The implementation of a parallel programming model can take the form of a library invoked from a programming language, as an extension to an existing languages.

Consensus around a particular programming model is important because it leads to different parallel computers being built with support for the model, thereby facilitating portability of software. In this sense, programming models are referred to as bridging between hardware and software.

Classification of parallel programming models
Classifications of parallel programming models can be divided broadly into two areas: process interaction and problem decomposition.

Process interaction
Process interaction relates to the mechanisms by which parallel processes are able to communicate with each other. The most common forms of interaction are shared memory and message passing, but interaction can also be implicit (invisible to the programmer).

Shared memory
Shared memory is an efficient means of passing data between processes. In a shared-memory model, parallel processes share a global address space that they read and write to asynchronously. Asynchronous concurrent access can lead to race conditions, and mechanisms such as locks, semaphores and monitors can be used to avoid these. Conventional multi-core processors directly support shared memory, which many parallel programming languages and libraries, such as Cilk, OpenMP and Threading Building Blocks, are designed to exploit.

Message passing
In a message-passing model, parallel processes exchange data through passing messages to one another. These communications can be asynchronous, where a message can be sent before the receiver is ready, or synchronous, where the receiver must be ready. The Communicating sequential processes (CSP) formalisation of message passing uses synchronous communication channels to connect processes, and led to important languages such as Occam, Limbo and Go. In contrast, the actor model uses asynchronous message passing and has been employed in the design of languages such as D, Scala and SALSA.

Partitioned global address space
Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) models provide a middle ground between shared memory and message passing. PGAS provides a global memory address space abstraction that is logically partitioned, where a portion is local to each process. Parallel processes communicate by asynchronously performing operations (e.g. reads and writes) on the global address space, in a manner reminiscent of shared memory models. However by semantically partitioning the global address space into portions with affinity to a particular processes, they allow programmers to exploit locality of reference and enable efficient implementation on distributed memory parallel computers. PGAS is offered by many many parallel programming languages and libraries, such as Fortran 2008, Chapel, UPC++, and SHMEM.

Implicit interaction
In an implicit model, no process interaction is visible to the programmer and instead the compiler and/or runtime is responsible for performing it. Two examples of implicit parallelism are with domain-specific languages where the concurrency within high-level operations is prescribed, and with functional programming languages because the absence of side-effects allows non-dependent functions to be executed in parallel. However, this kind of parallelism is difficult to manage and functional languages such as Concurrent Haskell and Concurrent ML provide features to manage parallelism explicitly and correctly.

Problem decomposition
A parallel program is composed of simultaneously executing processes. Problem decomposition relates to the way in which the constituent processes are formulated.

Task parallelism
A task-parallel model focuses on processes, or threads of execution. These processes will often be behaviourally distinct, which emphasises the need for communication. Task parallelism is a natural way to express message-passing communication. In Flynn's taxonomy, task parallelism is usually classified as MIMD/MPMD or MISD.

Data parallelism
A data-parallel model focuses on performing operations on a data set, typically a regularly structured array. A set of tasks will operate on this data, but independently on disjoint partitions. In Flynn's taxonomy, data parallelism is usually classified as MIMD/SPMD or SIMD.

Stream Parallelism
Stream parallelism, also known as pipeline parallelism, focuses on dividing a computation into a sequence of stages, where each stage processes a portion of the input data. Each stage operates independently and concurrently, and the output of one stage serves as the input to the next stage. Stream parallelism is particularly suitable for applications with continuous data streams or pipelined computations.

Implicit parallelism
As with implicit process interaction, an implicit model of parallelism reveals nothing to the programmer as the compiler, the runtime or the hardware is responsible. For example, in compilers, automatic parallelization is the process of converting sequential code into parallel code, and in computer architecture, superscalar execution is a mechanism whereby instruction-level parallelism is exploited to perform operations in parallel.

Terminology
Parallel programming models are closely related to models of computation. A model of parallel computation is an abstraction used to analyze the cost of computational processes, but it does not necessarily need to be practical, in that it can be implemented efficiently in hardware and/or software. A programming model, in contrast, does specifically imply the practical considerations of hardware and software implementation.

A parallel programming language may be based on one or a combination of programming models. For example, High Performance Fortran is based on shared-memory interactions and data-parallel problem decomposition, and Go provides mechanism for shared-memory and message-passing interaction.

title: Parallel programming model


text:
Urban School of San Francisco

Urban School of San Francisco is an independent high school located in the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco, California, United States.

History
Urban was founded in 1966 by a group of Marin Country Day School parents. Urban has grown from 22 students into a student body of over 400.

Leadership
After 32 years, Mark Salkind, a 1970 Urban graduate, retired as Head of School in June 2019. Dan B. Miller was appointed Head of School in July 2019.

Student life
Assistant Head of Student Life, Charlotte Worsley oversees Urban's over 40 student clubs, including 14 for-student by-student affinity spaces. Additionally, Urban has active student government, outdoor and class trips program, and a student newspaper, yearbook, and online literary and arts journal. Performing arts opportunities include fall and winter theater productions, circus class performances, and the annual One Acts Festival, as well as comprehensive jazz band, choral, and ensemble programs.

Athletics
A member of the Bay Area Conference and Bay Counties League-West (BCL-West), Urban hosts title-winning interscholastic teams in baseball, basketball, cross-country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball. Athletic practices and games are held in the Mark Salkind Center Gym, the St. Agnes Gym, and other venues throughout the city and in Golden Gate Park. Over 65 percent of all Urban students participate on 27 boys, girls and co-ed athletic teams in the department.

Student newspaper
Urban's student newspaper, called "The Urban Legend," is a member of the National Scholastic Press Association.

Notable alumni
Writing
 * Frances Dinkelspiel, journalist, author and founder of news website Berkeleyside
 * Hannah Dreier, Pulitzer Prize winning investigative reporter
 * Phoebe Gloeckner, cartoonist, illustrator, painter, novelist
 * Rebecca Walker, author, activist, producer, daughter of Alice Walker
 * Maggie Nelson, author, poet
 * David Sandner, author, editor

Athletics
 * Matt Deakin, Olympic and world champion rower
 * Jené Morris, WNBA Guard
 * Onome Ojo, former American football wide receiver in the NFL

Entertainment
 * Alison Elliott, actress
 * Gypsy Snider, director, choreographer, former acrobat
 * Zelda Williams, actress, director, producer, writer, daughter of actor Robin Williams

Artists and Musicians
 * Gwendolyn DuBois Shaw, art historian, curator, and professor
 * Gabby La La, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist
 * Nellie King Solomon, contemporary painter

Food Services
 * Bobby Chinn, chef, restaurateur

title: Urban School of San Francisco


text:
Dick Sabot

Richard Sabot (February 16, 1944 – July 6, 2005) was an economist, scholar, farmer, and Internet pioneer who was co-founder of Tripod.com, one of the first and most successful dot-coms, in 1992. (It was subsequently sold to Lycos in 1998) He was also a co-founder of Eziba (later acquired by Overstock.com), an Internet venture which sold handcrafted goods from artisans around the world. He was a professor emeritus of economics at Williams College, and previously taught at Yale University, Oxford University, and Columbia University. He was a leading figure in building the Internet economy of Williamstown, Massachusetts, where the Green River ran past enough digital businesses in the dot-com era to earn the nickname "Silicon River"

He was born in New York City and attended college at the University of Pennsylvania and completed his doctorate at Oxford University. He subsequently worked for ten years at the World Bank and was also a senior advisor to the Inter-American Development Bank and International Food Policy Research Institute. He wrote or edited a dozen books on development economics and was co-author of several influential papers in the field, including The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy.

He served on the board of directors of several companies including Lycos, Geekcorps, and the International Executive Service Corps. He was an active member of the executive board of the Center for Global Development; an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford University (UK); and a member of the Boards of Overseers of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Pennsylvania and of Colby College.

At the time of his death, Sabot was launching a new business, Cricket Creek Farm, focused on producing organic milk and specialty cheeses. He died in 2005, aged 61, of a heart attack near his home in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and was survived by his wife, Jude Sabot and their four children.

title: Dick Sabot


text:
Midmar Mile

The Midmar Mile is a swimming race held annually in February at the Midmar Dam north of Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Each year, it draws thousands of competitors, from serious international athletes and Olympic medallists to purely recreational swimmers. The inaugural Midmar Mile was held in 1974.

In 2009 the event, in which 13 755 competitors finished the race, was recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest open water swimming event.

The event gains its name from the location (Midmar Dam) and the distance (roughly 1 mi). A unique feature of the race is that while the distance covered is always a mile, depending on rainfall and the water levels in the dam, the distance swum varies from year to year. In years with poor rainfall, competitors are subject to the infamous Midmar sprint start: a bedlam of bodies sprinting across the muddy lake-shore and through the shallows until the water is deep enough to swim.

In order to handle the vast number of competitors, the swimmers swim out in 5 groups at three-minute intervals in 8 separate mile races over two days; the group division the swimmer is assigned to is based on a qualifying time in a previous (qualifying) event, with the fastest group leaving first.

title: Midmar Mile


text: User talk:68.166.204.188

title: User talk:68.166.204.188


text:
Joel Barr

Joel Barr (January 1, 1916 – August 1, 1998), also Iozef Veniaminovich Berg and Joseph Berg, was part of the Soviet Atomic Spy Ring.

Background
Born Joyel Barr in New York City, to immigrant parents of Ukrainian Jewish origin. He attended City College of New York with Julius Rosenberg and later worked with Rosenberg and Alfred Sarant at the United States Army Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey during World War II.

Career
The Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, hired Barr as an electrical engineer in July 1940. Julius Rosenberg signed on with the corps as a junior engineer two months later.

Espionage
In 1941 they were recruited as Soviet spies by Jacob Golos. Barr's code name was Meter. They in turn persuaded Alfred Sarant to join the network.

According to Alexandr Feklisov: Joel and Alfred were good friends and spent a lot of time together. I must admit that Sarant had the makings of an undercover agent; he was a cautious young man, yet full of resolve, with progressive ideas. Before we recruited him though, he had to pass a test. Barr asked Sarant to borrow some secret documents to which he had access because he, Barr, needed them for his personal use. Alfred did not hesitate in helping his friend and in the meantime the Center approved a bona fide approach."

Barr was recruited into espionage by Rosenberg. In turn, he recruited Sarant and the two shared an apartment and were allowed to function as a team by their KGB Case Officer, Alexander Feklisov. Feklisov regarded the pair as the most productive members of the group.

Both Barr and Sarant were trained and employed as electrical engineers and worked on military radar. Barr was discovered by counterintelligence to be a Communist and was fired. He and Sarant then found employment with Western Electric and worked on a highly secret radar bombsight. Barr and Sarant gave the USSR over 9,000 pages of documents detailing over 100 weapons systems.

When the war ended the two founded Sarant Laboratories, and sought defense contracts, but the company soon failed, after which the two split up. Barr worked for a while in late 1946 with Sperry Gyroscope Company on secret military radar systems, but was fired in 1947 after the United States Air Force refused him a security clearance.

Defection
Barr then moved to Europe, studying engineering in Sweden and music composition in Paris with Olivier Messiaen. Barr disappeared from his Paris apartment the day after David Greenglass was arrested, and fled to Czechoslovakia without taking his belongings. The KGB gave him a new identity; for the rest of his life Barr was known as Joseph Berg. In the summer of 1951, Barr met up with Sarant and the woman Sarant ran away with, Carol Dayton. Barr and Sarant, living under the name Philip Staros, settled in Prague, where they headed a successful effort to design the first automated anti-aircraft weapon created in the Soviet bloc, a weapon that was used with minor modifications through the 1980s.

Zelenograd
In 1956, the two transferred to Leningrad and were put at the head of a military electronics research institute, and enjoyed the benefits of the Soviet nomenklatura. In May 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev toured their institute and agreed to their plan to establish a new city dedicated entirely to microelectronics. The city, Zelenograd, was built on the outskirts of Moscow and Sarant was named deputy director, with authority over more than 20,000 engineers and scientists. Barr and Sarant lost their positions at Zelenograd when Khrushchev was deposed, but they continued to work on military projects, including the Uzel fire-control computer that was installed in Tango and Kilo submarines.

In 1983, a Russian émigré, Mark Kuchment, working at Harvard University's Russian Research Center, who had read The Rosenberg File, linked Barr and Sarant to two prominent Soviet scientists, both native speakers of English.

Post-Soviet era
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, Barr returned to the United States but denied his participation in espionage. He split the next six years between the U.S. and Russia, and died in 1998 in Moscow, Russia.

There are seven deciphered KGB transmissions about Joel Barr. Barr's code name in the Soviet intelligence and in deciphered Venona project transcripts was originally "Meter" (also "Metre" and "Metr"); it was later changed to "Scout" (also "Skaut"). The November 14, 1944 Venona cable also documents the successful recruitment of Ruth Greenglass.

title: Joel Barr


text:
MidWeek

MidWeek is a weekly United States tabloid shopper and advertisement periodical published Wednesday in Honolulu, Hawaii and distributed throughout the Islands of Oahu and Kauai. It is owned by Black Press and is a sister publication of the Honolulu Star-Advertiser.

History
The shopper started in 1984 to provide advertisers with an alternative way to reach more customers. Publisher Ken Berry helped secure deals with Safeway and Pay ‘n Save to advertise with the fledgling publication. Berry sought out cover stories and columnists that would increase readership.

The first issue of MidWeek was published on July 18, 1984 and featured local newscaster Joe Moore on the cover.

The first MidWeek editor was Cheryl Deep. 1984 to 1987, followed by Vera Benedek, 1987 to 1994, and  Don Chapman who joined the newspaper in November 1994. Ken Berry left MidWeek in 2001 and associate publisher, Ron Nagasawa, who has been with the company since 1984, stepped up to the publisher position. On March 15, 2001, MidWeek was sold by its owner Sam Newhouse (RFD Publications) to David Black (Black Press), then became known as MidWeek Printing & Oahu Publications, Inc. then bought/merged with the local daily newspaper, Honolulu Star-Bulletin.

Midweek's early popularity was owed in large part to its weekly mail-in sweepstakes with cash prizes in the hundreds of dollars and grocery shopping sprees being award to entrants.

MidWeek added on a Friday/weekend edition in 2005 and celebrated its 25th year of publication in 2009. It is mailed to all homes on the Island of Oahu and has an approximate readership of 500,000.

Columnists
The first nationally syndicated columnists to join the MidWeek line-up were Andy Rooney, movie critic Roger Ebert, Dr. Joyce Brothers, Wall Street guru Louis Rukeyser, the father of American cooking James Beard. The first local columnists to join up were Larry Price, Bob Jones and Eddie Sherman. Current local MidWeek Columnists are Bob Jones, Larry Price, Dan Boylan, Steve Murray (Hot Air - Sports) Rick Hamada, Susan Page, Jerry Coffee, David S. Chang (The Art of Thinking Smart), Alison Young (Click Chick - technology), Pamela Young, Diana Helfand (recipes), Bob Hogue, Tom Moffatt and Ron Nagasawa.

Features
In addition to regular features and columns, Midweek has also run a set of regular features. Television listings have been featured since the magazine's first issue. The feature "Focus On Oahu" shows pictures people who live on Oahu enjoying their lives.

Over the years, MidWeek included more features to showcase people in Hawaii. "Newsmaker" provides an up-close look at people who are making news. "Old Friends" features updates on people who have appeared on the magazine's cover in the past. "Good Neighbor" salutes people who devote part of their time volunteering to help other people in the community. Other popular features are the color photo spread "Honolulu Pa’ina", and "Hotshots". The magazine's official website was launched in August 1996.

This Honolulu Hawaii weekly publication featured a person in the community of Hawaii on the cover. It also has entertaining and highly informative soft news features, as well as opinionated national and local columnists.

title: MidWeek


text:
Ultra Q

Ultra Q (ウルトラQ) is a 1966 Japanese tokusatsu kaiju television series created by Eiji Tsuburaya. Produced by Tsuburaya Productions, it is the first entry in the long-running Ultraman franchise (despite not featuring Ultraman) and was broadcast on Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) from January 2 to July 3, 1966 (the final episode was preempted until December 14, 1967), with a total of 28 episodes. This series was followed two weeks later by the more popular Ultraman (1966), the second entry in the franchise.

Ultra Q can be described as a half-hour Toho kaiju series. Executive producer Eiji Tsuburaya intended this series to be more like the American television series The Twilight Zone and The Outer Limits, featuring a variety of strange and unusual stories. After a survey, the TBS network convinced Tsuburaya Productions to add more giant monsters, as children were intensely interested in them, since Godzilla (Gojira) and Gamera were all the rage at the time (the first "Kaiju Boom" took off after Ultra Q became an enormous hit). Much like The X-Files, the series features continuing characters who investigate strange supernatural phenomena, including giant monsters, aliens, ghosts, and various other threats.

The originally planned title of this project was Unbalance, and was subsequently renamed Ultra Q mostly due to the word "Ultra" gaining popularity due to the Japanese gymnast Gold Medal recipient in the 1964 Summer Olympics using a technique named "Ultra C". The "Q" stands for "Question" and is also tied with another hit TBS series, Obake no Q-tarō, an animated series based on the manga by Fujiko Fujio. The series began production in 1964, with the premiere set for January 1966. At the time, this was the most expensive television series ever produced in Japan.

Characters

 * Jun Manjome (万城目 淳): Aviator at Hoshikawa Air Service and amateur SF writer.
 * Yuriko Edogawa (江戸川 由利子): Reporter for the Daily News.
 * Ippei Togawa (戸川 一平): Jun's aviation partner at Hoshikawa.
 * Professor Ichinotani (一ノ谷博士): world-renowned scientist, and occasional assistance to Jun, Yuriko and Ippei in times of crisis.
 * News Desk Editor, Seki (関デスク): Yuriko's boss and editor at the Daily News.

Monsters

Because of his stature as a filmmaker, and with his close relationship with Toho (they were investors in, and on the Board of Directors at, Tsuburaya Productions), Eiji Tsuburaya was ordered by his crew to take what they needed from the prop warehouse, where the various props from his films were stored, for use on the series. The large Manda prop was used for the dragon Kairyu (while the head was used as the front portion of a Viking ship seen in episode 12), as well as the Oodako prop from Frankenstein vs. Baragon became Sudar, while the Maguma suit from Gorath was repurposed as Todola. Other suits and props were refurbished to play some of the monsters, such as Godzilla for Gomess, King Kong for Goro, Baragon for Pagos, and a small, mechanical Rodan prop was stripped down and rebuilt as the bird monsters Litra and Largeus, respectively.

English dub
In 1967, Ultra Q was licensed from Tsuburaya and TBS by CBS Films, producers of The Twilight Zone. For the task of dubbing, CBS hired Film House in Toronto, Canada, what is now DeLuxe Toronto. Tsuburaya provided translated scripts, plus English language opening and closing credits, and a custom, swirling title-card. The series itself was dubbed in its 28-episode entirety. At some point, CBS Films backed out of licensing the series, and it was picked up, along with Ultraman, by United Artists Television, producers of The Outer Limits. Subsequently, United Artists Television hired Titra Studios to dub Ultraman. Ultraman was syndicated, however, Ultra Q was not, due to being in black-and-white at a time when most television was switching to color. After Ultraman finished its run in syndication, audio and film masters, and other materials, for both series went into storage, eventually finding their way into the MGM vaults, after MGM acquired United Artists in 1980.

Initially it was commonly believed, even by Tsuburaya Productions, that only one episode, Episode 3 ("Gift From Outer Space"), was dubbed into English as a pilot. Over the last decade, other episodes have been discovered in the hands of U.S. private collectors on the 16mm film format.

Radio drama
In 2003, a weekly radio drama series was produced called The Ultra Q Club. It featured voice acting from the original Ultra Q cast.

Legacy
In the years following the show's original run, a live action film called Ultra Q The Movie: Legend of the Stars was released in 1990. In 2004, a new series called Ultra Q: Dark Fantasy was produced, while another series called Neo Ultra Q began airing in early 2013.

Production
The original concept of the show (when it was going to be called Unbalance) was ultimately used for a 13-episode horror anthology series entitled Horror Theater Unbalance that was produced by Tsuburaya Productions in 1973.

Various Ultra Q monsters were reused or redressed for various monsters in Ultraman. Kemur and Ragon (both of them now giant-sized) returned, while the Garamon suit was reused and repaired to serve as Pigmon. Other suits were altered to play other monsters, such as Pegulia being altered into Chandlar, Kemur being altered into Alien Zetton, Pagos being altered into Neronga (and later Magular and Gabora), while the head of the Cicada Human was modified to become the head of Alien Baltan. Finally, Peter's suit was modified to become that of Guesra.

Japan
In 2013, Tsuburaya Productions and Bandai Visual released the series on Blu-ray, in monochrome and colorized editions. In 2018, Tsuburaya released four episodes in individual Blu-ray and DVD sets with newly produced special features, as part of their Ultraman Archives project. In November 2019, Tsuburaya released a 4K restoration of the series on Ultra HD Blu-ray.

North America
In August 2013, Shout! Factory released the series on DVD. In July 2019, Mill Creek Entertainment announced that it had acquired most of the Ultra series library from Tsuburaya Productions through Indigo Entertainment, including 1,100 TV episodes and 20 films. Mill Creek released the series on Blu-ray and digital on October 15, 2019, in standard and steelbook sets.

In July 2020, Shout! Factory announced to have struck a multi-year deal with Alliance Entertainment and Mill Creek, with the blessings of Tsuburaya and Indigo, that granted them the exclusive SVOD and AVOD digital rights to the Ultra series and films (1,100 TV episodes and 20 films) acquired by Mill Creek the previous year. Ultra Q, amongst other titles, will stream in the United States and Canada through Shout! Factory TV and Tokushoutsu.

title: Ultra Q


text:
Ludwig Hilberseimer

Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer (September 14, 1885 – May 6, 1967) was a German architect and urban planner best known for his ties to the Bauhaus and to Mies van der Rohe, as well as for his work in urban planning at Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology), in Chicago, Illinois.

Life
Hilberseimer studied architecture at the Karlsruhe Technical University from 1906 to 1910. He left before completing a degree. Afterward he worked in the architectural office of Behrens and Neumark. Until 1914 he was coworker in the office of Heinz Lassen in Bremen. Later he led the planning office for Zeppelinhallenbau in Berlin Staaken. Beginning in 1919 he was member of the Arbeitsrat für Kunst and November Group, worked as independent architect and town planner and published numerous theoretical writings over art, architecture and town construction. In 1929 Hilberseimer was hired by Hannes Meyer to teach at the Bauhaus at Dessau, Germany. In July 1933 Hilberseimer and Wassily Kandinsky were the two members of the Bauhaus that the Gestapo identified as problematically left-wing. Like many members of the Bauhaus, he fled Germany for America. He arrived in 1938 to work for Mies van der Rohe in Chicago while heading the department of urban planning at IIT College of Architecture. Hilberseimer also became director of Chicago's city planning office.

Work
Street hierarchy was first elaborated by Ludwig Hilberseimer in his book Großstadt Architektur [Architecture of the Metropolis], 1927. Hilberseimer emphasized safety for school-age children to walk to school while increasing the speed of the vehicular circulation system.

Beginning in 1929 at the Bauhaus, Hilberseimer developed studies concerning town construction for the decentralization of large cities. Against the background of the economic and political fall of the Weimar Republic he developed a universal and global adaptable planning system (The new town center, 1944), which planned a gradual dissolution of major cities and a complete penetration of landscape and settlement. He proposed that in order to create a sustainable relationship between humans, industry, and nature, human habitation should be built in a way to secure all people against all disasters and crises.

His most notable built project is Lafayette Park, Detroit, an urban renewal project designed in cooperation with architect Mies van der Rohe and landscape architect Alfred Caldwell.

The Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer Papers collection, including drawings, photographs, and other printed material, is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries in the Art Institute of Chicago.

Selected Writings of Ludwig Hilberseimer

 * Großstadtbauten [Buildings for the Metropolis], Hanover: Aposs Verlag, 1925.
 * Großstadt Architektur [Architecture of the Metropolis], Stuttgart: Julius Hoffman, 1927.
 * Beton als Gestalter [Concrete as Formgiver], with Dr. Julius Vi, Stuttgart: Julius Hoffmann, 1928.
 * Neue Internationale Architektur [New International Architecture], Stuttgart: Julius Hofmann, 1928.
 * Hallen Bauten [Assembly Buildings], Leipzig: J.M. Gerhardt, 1931.
 * The New City : Principles of Planning, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1944.
 * The New Regional Pattern : Industries and Gardens, Workshops and Farms, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1949.
 * The Nature of Cities : Origin, Growth, and Decline; Pattern and Form; Planning Problems, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1955.
 * Mies van der Rohe, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1956.
 * Entfaltung einer Planungsidee [Development of a Planning Concept], Bauwelt Fundamente 6, Berlin: 1963.
 * Contemporary Architecture : Its Roots and Trends, Chicago: Paul Theobald, 1964.
 * Berliner Architektur der 20er Jahre [Berlin Architecture of the 1920s], Mainz, Berlin: Kupferberg, 1967.

Selected Writings About Ludwig Hilberseimer

 * Colman, Scott. Ludwig Hilberseimer : Reanimating Architecture and the City, London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2023.
 * Köhler, Daniel. 2016. The Mereological City : A Reading of the Works of Ludwig Hilberseimer, Bielefeld: Transcript, 2016.
 * Pommer, Richard, David A. Spaeth, Kevin Harrington, and Ludwig Hilberseimer. In the Shadow of Mies : Ludwig Hilberseimer, Architect, Educator, and Urban Planner. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1988.
 * Waldheim, Charles. CASE--Hilberseimer/Mies van Der Rohe, Lafayette Park Detroit. Munich, New York: Prestel; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2004.

title: Ludwig Hilberseimer


text:
Liman, Novi Sad

Liman (Лиман) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. It is located to the south of the city centre, along the Danube river, covering an area of 3.98 km2. It is a relatively new part of the city, built between 1960s and 1990s on what previously were marshes. It is divided into four parts, numbered by Roman numerals: Liman I (with University campus), II, III and IV, which match the chronology of its development.

Borders

The northern border of Liman is Bulevar Cara Lazara (Tsar Lazar Boulevard), the western borders are Ulica Ribarsko ostrvo (Ribarsko ostrvo Street) and Ulica Sima Matavulja (Simo Matavulj Street), while the southern and eastern border is Danube river (i.e. Sunčani kej - "The Sunny Quay").

The neighbouring neighbourhoods are: Telep in the west, Adamovićevo Naselje, Grbavica and Stari Grad in the north, and Ribarsko ostrvo (not a settlement, but tourist destination) in the south. In the south-east of the settlement is river Danube.

Parts of the neighborhood
Liman consists of four parts:
 * Liman I with University campus, between the Sunny Quay and Fruškogorska Street;
 * Liman II, between Fruškogorska Street and Liberation Boulevard;
 * Liman III, between Liberation Boulevard and Balzakova Street; and
 * Liman IV, between Balzakova Street in the east and Ribarsko ostrvo Street and Simo Matavulj Street in the west.
 * Depresija, between Iva Andrića Street in the east and Sima Matavulja in the west. Depression originated as a temporary worker's neighborhood and is often considered part of Liman IV. This location is intended for the creation of the future Liman V.

Name Origin
The origin of the word Liman comes from Ancient Greek (λιμένας), which means bay or harbour. With the expansion of the Ottoman Empire to the western and northern shores of the Black Sea, the word spread by the Turks to eventually enter the Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian, Russian and Serbian language vocabularies. The word Liman denotes places in the river flow with a peaceful flow, where the water appears to be standing, usually formed where gravel has been extracted, or places where the river maelstrom follows the bottom of the river bed. In Serbian areas, the word denoted lakes and ponds, with sandbanks, formed in the bays of the Danube.

Little and Great Limans
In the past of Novi Sad there were "Mali" (Little) and "Veliki" (Great) Liman. Little Liman was in the area of today’s city centre (Stari Grad), and until the early 1930s there were ponds, sandy beds, water plants, willow trees and meadows. This Liman covered today's Danube Park and the area along the Danube to the former railway embankment, under which were the underpasses as a transport link to the Great Liman. The premises of Little Liman were framed by the Danube, Dunavska Street, Zmaj Jovina Street, Kralja Aleksandra Street and the railway embankment (today’s Tsar Lazar Boulevard). The name Little Liman was lost in time, when the terrain was fully built and thus the central core of the city was connected to the Danube.

According to the data from 1764, the terrain on which the territory of today's Liman is located was part of Great Liman. It started from the Futog forests and extended all the way to the streets of Aleksa Santić, Lasla Gala and the railway (on present-day Grbavica and Stari Grad). It extended all the way to Narodnih heroja Street at Mihajla Pupina Boulevard. According to 19th century records, in front of the Catholic Cemetery (in present-day Grbavica) was the town promenade "Šištat".

First Novi Sad railway station
The construction of the Budapest-Subotica-Novi Sad-Zemun-Belgrade railway began in 1881, and a railway embankment was erected on one part of the Greater Liman, with stretching across the entire length of today's Cara Lazara Boulevard. The railroad crossed through the then existing bridge built at that time and was passing through a tunnel under the Fortress. Defensive levees towards the Danube were built at that time. The building of the railway station, erected in 1882, was built on the present premises of Grbavica, between Vere Pavlović Street, Pushkin Street and the Boulevard Tsar Lazar Boulevard.

With the dismantling of the southern city railway connections (moving the railway station from Liman to Jaše Tomića Boulevard in Salajka and Podbara neighborhoods) that started in 1964, the old railways station building was demolished. Today a relief plaque of the God Mercury, which used to be part of the façade of the station, is in front of the post office in Grbavica and next to the Liman green market and is the last remnant of the former station.

Constructions of the 1920s-1950s
The rejuvenation of Liman began in 1922. In the area behind the railway embankment, the city administration of the inter-war period gave cheap land area for housing construction. These were mostly one story houses with spacious courtyards and gardens. Citizens were supplied with water from several public water wells. There was no sewage, and the danger from groundwater was constant. Despite these troubles, the settlement was expanding, and the population reached about 2,600. The main thoroughfare in the settlement was Fruškogorska Street, which leads to Štrand, a newly made city beach at the time.

From 1924 to 1937, a small train called Trčika passed through Fruškogorska Street during the summer season. On this part of Liman, more industrial facilities have been built.

With World War II and the start of the People's Liberation Struggle (1941), in addition to attempts to blow up the military garage and the gasoline depot, the most successful diversion on Liman near the railway station was on September 11, when 124 telephone and signal cables were cut and a pump to supply steam locomotives with water was disabled.

After World War II, plans for further developing the Liman area expanded. As early as 1945, the terrain began to be sanded, and then by 1955, pipes and rods were placed deep in the sand to ensure the stability of the buildings.

Constructions of the 1960s-1990s
Construction of new multi-storey buildings of Liman began in the early 1960s, and the settlement continued to be built in several stages chronologically (Liman 2, Liman 3, Liman 4).

Liman I with University campus was started first; and Liman IV was still being built up towards the end of the 1990s. The university town was built in the eastern area of the former Great Liman and residential buildings with accompanying facilities and corresponding infrastructure were erected.

Constructions of the 2000s-onward
After the economic crisis and sanctions of the 1990s and with most of the neighborhood area filled in with existing commercial and residential buildings, constructions in Liman slowed down, with only few notable constructions and reconstructions occurring during the period between the 2000s and 2010s.

By the General Urban Plan of Novi Sad for 2030, the remaining empty land areas in Depresija neighborhood are planned to be filled with new apartment blocks, regular and sports parks, commercial and business buildings. The remained of the houses located in the Depresija area are planned to be demolished to make room for Liman V neighborhood and its apartment buildings as well as the planned bridge going through the neighborhood from Subotica Boulevard (Europe Boulevard) to Sremska Kamenica neighborhood. A new residential area, inspired by the Belgrade Waterfront, is planned in the area of the former city shipyard as well as the current location of the river navy. Further revitalisation of the former Chinatown (industrial zone; former silk factory buildings) is planned, with an area left for the construction of a memorial center for the victims of the Novi Sad raid. Plans exist for a pedestrian and cycling bridge on the foundations of the old railway bridge (from Cara Lazara Boulevard through the tunnel in Petrovaradin Fortress). Plans exist to expand the Štrand beach downstream and refurbish the beach area with more entertainment options and accommodations, moving the rowing club "Danubius 1855", kayak canoe club "Vojvodina" and the restaurant "Cesla" to Kamenička Ada upstream. SKCNS Factory is a planned multifunctional city concert hall that was under construction since 2017, located in the University campus area.

Population
In mid-2005 estimation by city's registry Liman had 34,234 inhabitants, including:
 * Liman I (with university campus) 4,683;
 * Liman II 7,560;
 * Liman III 12,418; and
 * Liman IV 9,573 inhabitants.

Since 2022, Liman in total has about 29,500 residents registered in their five local communities: "Liman" with 4,040; "Boško Buha" with 6,241; "Liman III" with 10,853; "Ostrvo" with 4,769; "Ivo Andrić" with 3,583.

Local communities
Liman is part of Novi Sad municipality, and it is divided into five local communities:
 * Liman, located in Drage Spasić 1;
 * Boško Buha, located in Fruškogorska 8;
 * Liman III, located in People's Front 46;
 * Ostrvo, located in People's Front 71;
 * Ivo Andrić, located in Banović Strahinje 20.

Between 1980 and 1989, Liman was one of the seven municipalities of Novi Sad City. The municipality included part of the neighborhood of Liman, as well as neighborhoods of Grbavica, Adamovićevo Naselje and Ribarsko ostrvo.

Culture
As one of the largest and the most populated urban areas of the city, Liman sports numerous festivals and cultural events, countless groups and organizations, as well as cultural centers. While the neighborhood currently has no church (only a chapel in the location of the river navy), there are plans for one in the future.

The "Novosadska biciklistička inicijativa" (Novi Sad Cycling Initiative), formed in 18 September 2011 by Liman residence, would hold an annual bicycle rally called "Novosadska Kritična masa" (Novi Sad Critical Mass). The bicycle rally paths would often go through or at the edges of Liman neighborhoods, allowing locals from all walks of life and age ranges to participate in the event. The rally and other such bike related events are done for the goal of the promotion and development of urban cycling, as well as promoting and educating a culture of safe traffic and tolerance among road users.

Since 2018, an annual Chinese Lantern Festival is held in Liman Park from late January to early February to celebrate the Chinese New Year, showcasing a wide variety of lantern designs with Chinese cultural and mythological motifs.

In 2019, Novi Sad became the European Youth Capital. Most of the student events were coordinated from the newly restored Chinatown area. The area was also used for cultural events during 2022, when Novi Sad also became the European Capital of Culture.

The "Dunavac-Šordoš Informal citizen initiative" group was formed by local Liman and Telep residence in 2020. Since then the goal of the group is the protection and preservation of the last remaining wild areas of Novi Sad (Dunavac-Šordoš and Ribarac) from urban development. They achieve this through activism, petitions, and spreading awareness about local issues. Members of the group frequently clean these bank areas of the Danube, as well as observe the local wildlife. Since 2022, they have placed a camp in the Šordoš area (Šoroš Survival Camp) as a form of protest, due to the rapid and uncontrolled deforestation caused by Chinese building companies tasked for building the new bridge over the Danube.

Cuisine
The neighborhood has numerous privately owned bakeries, restaurants, and cafes, showcasing typical Serbian and international food and drinks.

The gastronomy festival "Ukusi Vojvodine" (Tastes of Vojvodina; TONS - Tastes of Novi Sad) is a multi-layered event that presents small producers of food and beverages from all over Vojvodina, as well as restaurants where traditional Vojvodina cuisine is cherished. The event exists since 2016 and is held in Liman Park around the first or second weekend of September.

Economy
Liman, just as many neighborhoods in Novi Sad, has commercial areas integrated with residential areas such as: small business centers, banks, trade and craft shops, supermarkets, etc. Most Liman residence also use the commercial areas at the very edge of Grbavica, Adamovićevo Naselje, Stari Grad, Telep neighborhoods.

The headquarters of Naftna Industrija Srbije (Oil Industry of Serbia), "Agrovojvodina", and Schneider Electric DMS are all located in Liman III.

Factories
Historically, there were several factory zones located in the Liman area, all slowly closed and dismantled with the further development of the neighborhood. The area known as "Kineska četvrt" (Chinatown) was the location of a former silk factory. The old shipyard is located between Liman and Fisherman Island.

Markets
Liman has several supermarkets located within or at the very outskirts of the neighborhood (part of other neighborhoods but used by Liman residence due to their vicinity):
 * "Mercator",
 * "Maxi",
 * "Idea",
 * "Lidl".

Liman also has a green market, "Liman". The "Promenada" shopping center (located at the very outskirts of the Stari Grad neighborhood next to Liman, in the area of former tennis and football fields) is a popular shopping destination in the city.

Transportation
Historically, the first Novi Sad railway station existed the area of modern day Liman and Grbavica. The Budapest-Zemun railway connection started in 1883, when the first train arrived in Novi Sad. Since 1901, an omnibus (horse-drawn tram) has been used to carry passengers from the railway station to the city centre, and since 1911 an electric tram, which was replaced by a bus service in 1958.

Bus lines 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11А, 11B, 12, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73 and 74 connect this neighborhood with other major city neighborhoods, as well as some surrounding settlements.

The neighborhood has cycling infrastructure, with larger boulevards and streets having segregated cycling roads from pedestrian pathways. Bike racks are located in front of most major public and commercial buildings. Since 2014 with the "Vratimo Novi Sad Biciklistima" initiative (which started in Novi Sad in 2009), NS bike, a local bike renting service company, has its own bike rack area at the end of Fruškogorska Street near the city beach. The renting service is available from the start of the cycling season in April and ends in December.

While taxi companies function throughout the city, there are several taxi ranks in the neighborhood, such as the ones at Fruškogorska Street near the Štrand entrance (with 13 taxi parking spaces), Zone in the People's Front and Balzakova Streets (with 18 taxi parking spaces), and at Student dorm A (with 4 taxi parking spaces).

Notable Liman streets are: Balzakova Street, Despota Stefana Boulevard, Liberation Boulevard, Cara Lazara Boulevard, Narodnog fronta Street, Iva Andrića Street, Fruškogorska Street, Shakespeare's Street, etc.

Education
There are two primary schools. "Jovan Popović" (built in 1972) located in Liman II, and "Žarko Zrenjanin" (built in 1950) located in Liman III.

The music school of "Isidor Bajić" (founded in 1909) moved from its old building in Stražilovska Street in Star Grad neighborhood to its new building (built in 2011) at Cara Lazara Boulevard along with the ballet school of Novi Sad (founded in 1947) where they share the same building. One of the schools concert halls are also used by the city during cultural events.

The Liman neighborhoods also have several public and private kindergartens.

Within Liman 1 is the University City (Student City) of the University of Novi Sad with the Rectory and Faculties of Technical Sciences, Agriculture, Philosophy, Law, Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Technological and Economics, as well as the Higher Economic-Commercial School. The university city also includes the Faculty of Sport & Physical Education, located on the north side of Cara Lazara Boulevard in Star Grad. The western part of the university campus consists of student dormitories, an assistant home, a student health facility, student co-operatives, restaurants and a supply center, with a mixed-goods shop, a bookstore and other necessary facilities. No university city in the country has such a complex campus in one place. Some buildings of the university complex (student dormitories) are also on Liman 3. Liman I was started as a housing project for professors of the University of Novi Sad.

Health
The community health center "Novi Sad" is the main health center for the Liman neighborhoods. It is also the largest community health center in the city.

The neighborhoods also have several private medical clinics and dentists.

Sports
In Liman there the University Sports Centre Đačko Igralište (Student Playground) (founded in 1936), the port for smaller boats, the Vojvodina kayak canoe club (founded in 1947), as well as the Danubius rowing club (founded in 1885).

At Liman II there are two playing fields for FK Kabel, while at the Student Playground in Liman I there is the football club Index.

Recreation
Due to the proximity of the Danube river, as well as the socialist planned construction of the settlement, Liman has a large number of areas for rest and recreation, with large public green spaces between residential buildings. Of the parks and green areas of significance are: the Liman Park, the University Park, and the "Sunčani kej" (Sunny Quay).

Liman Park is the second largest park in the city (after Kamenica Park) and sports several features such as: flag park (erected during the 2022 European Capital of Culture season), skate park, boules terrain, table tennis area, basketball court, open public gym, dog park, children’s playground, a public drinking fountain, and the headquarters of the city greenery (Gradsko Zelenilo).

University Park served for a time as a camp for the EXIT festival.

Sunny Quay is popular for pedestrians and cyclists, for both leisure and exercise. It stretches from Podbara to Liman III.

In the Liman part of the Danube lies the city’s most popular beach, Štrand (founded in 1911), as well as the smaller wilder beach "Bećarac".

To the south of Liman is the picnic and recreation zone of "Ribarac" (Fishermen Island), where the Danube lagoon "Šodroš" is used as a rowing and sailing path, and anchorage of river vessels.

Military
The southwestern area of Liman is the location of the river navy. The area is also used for people doing their voluntary military service. The area has a small church chapel dedicated to Saint Stefan (currently the only religious building in the entirety of Liman neighborhood) for the soldiers stationed there.

title: Liman, Novi Sad


text: Template:User from Hesse

title: Template:User from Hesse


text:
Specific developmental disorder

Specific developmental disorders (SDD) was a classification of disorders characterized by delayed development in one specific area or areas. Specific developmental disorders were contrasted to pervasive developmental disorders which were characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication.

ICD-10 taxonomy
The tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) has four categories of developmental disorders: specific developmental disorders of speech and language, specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, specific developmental disorder of motor function, and mixed specific developmental disorder.

DSM-III taxonomy
In the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), SDD was opposed to the pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). There were two factors that were considered: In the DSM-IV, specific developmental disorders were no longer grouped together. Instead they were reclassified as communication disorders, learning disorders, and motor skills disorders.
 * The specificity of the impairment: in SDD there is one single domain that is affected, whereas in PDD multiple areas of functioning are affected.
 * The nature of the impairment: development in SDD is delayed but not otherwise abnormal, whereas in PDD there are behavioral deviations that are not typical for any developmental stage.

title: Specific developmental disorder


text:
Talk:Purely functional

Name convention breaking
Since the title of this page is an adjective rather than a noun, it violates Naming conventions. Of course, this may be justified in this case, but if it is I think we should be explicit about it here before someone decides to proactively move it. Deco 21:13, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The article actually spends most of its time discussing purely functional data structures. I vote we rename the page accordingly. Neilc 09:05, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree, if the unrelated material is moved out to somewhere suitable. Deco 23:20, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Red Black Tree
Okasaki doesn't give the routine for deletion of Red-Black Trees. Since this encyclopedia article is basically a selection from his book and you mention that one specifically I think we should do the deletion case. Anyone else agree? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jbolden1517 (talk • contribs) 2006-04-27T05:33:02 (UTC)

lazyness
I think lazyness and data structures deserves more explanation. Its one of the areas where functional languages differ and thus efficiency computations give different results. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jbolden1517 (talk • contribs) 2006-04-27T05:33:02 (UTC)

Better example than thesaurus?
It's artificial, the simpler solution is to keep one common thesaurus and one private for each user and search in both than to impose additional requirements on the data structure.

--78.0.85.5 02:55, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

User:Brianski added XML comments to the article body. They should be discussed here on talk. LotLE × talk 23:36, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

 * (context) For example, a thesaurus service on a website uses a red-black tree to store its list of which words are synonyms for which other words; because the thesaurus is comprehensive, this tree has a large number of nodes. Consider adding a feature that allows each user to add their own custom words to their personal thesaurus. One way to do this is to make a copy of the tree for each user, and then add their custom words to it; however, this is wasteful duplication. Moreover, it would cause a significant processing delay to make the complete copy of the tree.

 * (Brianski) this is a bad example - the same problem could be solved by checking one thesaurus, then the other, and returning their union. no programmer, sane or not, would make a copy for each user presented this problem

 * The thesaurus/dictionary problem isn't very good. Some ideas for better examples: (1) A 3D game world where users can make their own private customisations.  Because 3D scenes are very complex and large, and you can't solve this with the "two worlds" (private + shared) as you can in the dictionary case, a purely functional data structure would make more sense.  (2) A filesystem like this: http://okmij.org/ftp/papers/zfs-talk.pdf  (3) A way to implement an XML document editor where you allow infinite undo steps.  Each undo step is essentially a shared copy of the document tree with private changes. Richard W.M. Jones (talk) 11:50, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've always assumed a standard pocket calculator (with the option of a battery of predefined expressions) is the way to think about this. You can do loops with recursion by way of decrementing an input parameter with each call, but in general the process is strained. This kind of programming is best limited to straightforward tasks such as calculation. No one ever said a programming "paradigm" must be all powerful or a thing unto itself. Not to mention that sometimes constraint can be a force for good. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.21.215.174 (talk) 12:22, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

SML program doesn't compile
Somebody please post the definition of "T" in the code snippet below:

fun insert (x, E) = T (E, x, E)  | insert (x, s as T (a, y, b)) = if x < y then T (insert (x, a), y, b)       else if x > y then T (a, y, insert (x, b)) else s —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.72.235.91 (talk) 08:21, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Not only that, but, I think that "else s" should be "else x". Shouldn't it? What language is this, anyway? Haskell?130.63.92.162 (talk) 17:49, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Can't be Haskell; it doesn't require fun prefixes like that. --Gwern (contribs) 18:39 22 April 2010 (GMT)

Scope
This article should be deleted or heavily reworded based on the following premises: (1) Programmers create novel solutions to problems all the time; this does not make every workable idiosyncrasy eligible to be promoted as a new paradigm, unless it is extremely novel and widely applicable. (2) The actual use of a data structure that can only be modified by duplication and reference is 'extremely" limited in practice. Even in the thesaurus example, what happens if the website updates the master red-black tree? It potentially invalidates every functional reference of the master tree. Thus, all functional references would have to be rebuilt. You might try and argue that modifying the original tree also updates the user's trees, but this is not true, as the referenced trees duplicate some entries in order to maintain the structure of the new tree. There is no way around the fact that this paradigm requires the master tree to be immutable. (3) This example should be merged into a larger concept involving many themes related to the same concept; which is the trade off between memory and processing time--an age old problem. (4) Any programming system that takes input is inherently not a purely functional language. By taking input from the user over the internet, the programming system has read from I/O, which is a side effect; an imperative concept. The example fails to illustrate this point and inaccurately gives an impression of the validity and value of this immutable concept of a static data-structure. In other words, the thesaurus example is not a purely functional one, as the user generated versions of the master red-black tree are not immutable themselves. Which leads to the 5th point. (5) This is a process and not a data structure, yet it is presenting examples of data structures that are purely functional and also giving an example of a purely functional process. This article needs to decide which it is: a treatise on purely functional data structures (which is an misnomer, because data is not functional, logic is), or if it is a treatise on pure functions--which is already covered. --98.208.209.78 (talk) 20:57, 1 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Then how do you explain the purely functional concept of I/O monads? Diego (talk) 16:19, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I/O is not purely functional that's why it is in a monad and not the main language. jbolden1517Talk  12:29, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Monads are a part of the main language in Haskell, they are purely functional, and they handle input/output thanks to the pure concept of a State. So no, I don't think I/O is an inherently imperative concept. You say "By taking input from the user over the internet, the programming system has read from I/O, which is a side effect", but in Haskell it is not a side effect, it's a function evaluation. Diego (talk) 15:30, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The idea of the I/O monad came from Imperative Functional Programming by Wadler. Yes they are imperative and no they are not purely functional.  For a more modern treatment, specific to Haskell Handling the awkward squad, "We begin with an apparently fundamental conﬂict. A purely functional program implements a function; it has no side effect.... Well, if the side effect can’t be in the functional program, it will have to be outside it." jbolden1517Talk  15:43, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

 * This is partially a confusion of concepts. Monads are not "imperative"; they are purely functional constructs, which you can easily see by desugaring them to regular, run-of-the-mill Haskell functions. The implementation of the IO monad by Haskell, when being evaluated, does perform I/O, which is of course a side-effect. This is completely unrelated to its being a monad (which, again, is a purely functional concept), but is instead related to the implementation of this particular monad, the IO monad. 200.0.230.235 (talk) 17:49, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I totally agree. The Red-Black tree example is bad for a number of reasons, another of which is that Red-Black Trees are defined as such because of the algorithm they use to remain balanced through changes, but the tree is defined as immutable, so it cannot change. The proper term should be 'balanced binary tree', and it should be explicitly explained what the purely functional approach does that is different, its too vague. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.57.74.3 (talk) 02:14, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Deletion of this article
I strongly suggest that this article is removed. "Purely functional" is not a term of computer science as this article says, it doesn't mean anything indeed. I think the authors of this article are confused with the common term "Purely functional programming language" and the not so common or accepted "Purely functional data structures". Making an article called "purely functional" puts the two terms at the same level when the first one is really much more important. I'm not familiar with wikipedia so maybe someone who knows how this works and agrees with me can make the formal request for deletion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.139.62.23 (talk) 07:03, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

I'll further discourage simply changing the name of this article to "Purely functional data structures", as this is the name of a book, and not the name of a class of structures as this article suggest. You can search the data structures named in the article as "examples" and you'll see that none of them are listed as a "functional data structure", the only thing that relates them to functional languages is that the later use them, but the same can be said about imperative (ie. not functional) languages. I really don't see any part worth saving of this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.139.62.23 (talk) 2009-06-05T07:27:50

 * Not knowing this subject that well, I am still inclined to agree with deletion if such is the case. What I do know, however, is that the introduction fails to explain what the subject is all about in simple terms any reader can understand.  It is no good to include an encyclopedic article if it cannot satisfy the needs of anyone who uses an encyclopedia to gather knowledge on unfamiliar subjects. - KitchM (talk) 22:52, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

 * 'Purely functional' is in widespread usage among the Haskellers, whom one would think would know what the term means. --Gwern (contribs) 23:56 3 March 2010 (GMT)

 * I am also no expert, just a programmer with an interest in functional programming. I agree that the article should be deleted since there is no such thing as "purely functional". The content is ostensibly about "purely functional data structures" but very little information is given about these. Bcaulf (talk) 01:12, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

tree diagram
Just as a point, the tree diagram is wrong the f in blue should be an f' not f. jbolden1517Talk  12:21, 6 Jun
 * It is. The prime symbol is just difficult to see in the font that Wikipedia uses to rasterize the SVG. — Xaonon (Talk) 20:17, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Move data structures part of page to Persistent data structure
I propose moving the discussion of purely functional data structures to Persistent data structure, since purely functional data structures are persistent data structures. The current data structure explanation is confusingly fragmented between the two pages, and I think it would be much clearer in one place. The Purely functional page would remain, but without over-weighting the data structure content. This structure would avoid the previous objections to entirely merging Purely Functional into Persistent Data Structures. Thoughts? Billgordon1099 (talk) 02:17, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

Core definition is wrong
The article starts with the sentence that Purely Functional is a term in computing used to describe algorithms, data structures, or programming languages that exclude destructive modifications (updates) of entities in the program's running environment. It then justifies this claim by referencing the Haskell language. However, Haskell *can* do 'destructive' updates. It simply guarantees that all functions will be referentially transparent (and therefore side effect free), not that they won't perform destructive updates. An example of this is the ST Monad which can (among many things) be used to operate on a mutable array. Therefore, I suggest the definition of "Purely Functional" be changed to "Purely Functional is a term in computing used to describe algorithms, data structures, or programming languages that guarantee referential transparency, often by excluding destructive modifications (updates) of entities in the program's running environment". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.189.26.19 (talk) 02:40, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

PRESERVE
An old version of the article was deleted and substituted by a Disambiguation page with this edit. Diego (talk) 11:42, 2 August 2016 (UTC)

A longer version can be found here, including examples that have been since moved to Persistent data structure. Diego (talk) 11:50, 2 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Purely functional


text:
Beam crossing

A beam crossing in a particle collider occurs when two packets of particles, going in opposite directions, reach the same point in space. Most of the particles in each packet cross each other, but a few may collide, producing other particles that may be observed in a particle detector. In a linear collider there is only one location where beam crossings occur, while in a modern accelerator ring there are a few locations (LHC, for example, has four); it is at these points that detectors are placed.

title: Beam crossing