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Adrian Pasdar

Adrian Pasdar (born Adrian Kayvan Pasdar, ; April 30, 1965) is an American film, television, and voice actor. He is known for his roles in Profit, Near Dark, Carlito's Way, Mysterious Ways, Desperate Housewives, Burn Notice, Heroes and as Glenn Talbot / Graviton on Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. Additionally, he directed the feature film Cement. He is also known as the voice of Tony Stark / Iron Man in Marvel Anime, as well as in the animated series Ultimate Spider-Man, Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel, and Avengers Assemble, and in the Lego Marvel Superheroes and Disney Infinity videogames. He also played district attorney Alec Rybak on The Lying Game. He has appeared on the American TV drama Grand Hotel as Felix.

Early life
Pasdar was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. His father, Homayoon Pasdar (born 1935), was an Iranian-American cardiac surgeon, with a practice near Philadelphia. His mother, Rosemarie Sbresn, who immigrated from Germany, worked as a travel agent. Pasdar grew up in West Philadelphia, which he described as primarily black. His family later moved to Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Marple Newtown High School, where he went by his middle name Kayvan and where he played football and studied acting. Pasdar attended the University of Florida on a football scholarship, turning to acting after an injury.

His sister, Anamarie Pasdar, is a theatrical artistic director and producer.

Early career
Pasdar turned his attention to campus stage productions and rediscovered an early interest in writing and acting. No longer able to play football, he dropped out of school and returned home, taking a job with a theater group, People's Light and Theatre Company. There, he worked on sound and lighting as part of the stage crew responsible for set construction. He had a painful accident on the set, cutting off the end of his left thumb. His resulting medical compensation paid for attendance at the Lee Strasberg Theater Institute in New York City.

Pasdar was also selected to play a bit part as a police officer in the Dixie Chicks video for their song "Goodbye Earl". The music video won both the Academy of Country Music and the Country Music Association's Video of the Year Awards in 2000.

Film
At the age of 19, he auditioned for a role in Top Gun. Director Tony Scott was so impressed that he wrote the part of "Chipper" just for him. This led to bigger roles in Solarbabies (1986), Streets of Gold (1986), and Kathryn Bigelow's cult vampire movie Near Dark (1987), with Pasdar in the lead role of Caleb Colton. His other major roles include Vital Signs (1990). Pasdar got his biggest break in movies, when he starred as a beautiful woman opposite Julie Walters in the British movie Just Like a Woman. In 1992, he left Hollywood and returned to New York, working as a cashier for room and board, while taking the occasional small part, such as Frankie in Brian De Palma's Carlito's Way (1993).

Adrian Pasdar wrote and directed the short film Beyond Belief and directed his first feature film, the art-house neo-noir Cement, a contemporary retelling of Othello, in 1999. The $1.7 million independent feature, which won Best Picture awards on the festival circuit, starred Chris Penn, Jeffrey Wright, Sherilyn Fenn, and Henry Czerny, and was written by Farscape screenwriter Justin Monjo. "I've used every ounce of energy and every drop of money I had to make Cement," Pasdar said.

Television
Pasdar's major break into television came in 1996, when he was cast as the title character on the Fox series Profit. He also guest-starred in the two-hour season finale of the fourth season of Touched by an Angel. From 2000 to 2002, Pasdar played the lead role of anthropology Professor Declan Dunn in the spooky cult drama series Mysterious Ways on PAX.

Pasdar played David McClaren in the final two seasons of the CBS drama Judging Amy from 2003 through 2005. In 2006, he had a high-profile guest role as Gabrielle Solis's sleazy lawyer in Desperate Housewives.

He starred as Nathan Petrelli in the NBC superhero drama Heroes. Pasdar based his mysterious character on "the most morally liquid characters" that he's encountered in his life. The character is not based on one particular political figure, but on a melange of different ones, both good and bad. Pasdar's character was killed off in an episode that aired November 30, 2009.

Pasdar voices Hawkeye in the animated series The Super Hero Squad Show and voiced Captain America in the Black Panther animated series. Having also voiced Iron Man in the English dub of the Iron Man anime series, Pasdar reprised the role in Marvel's Avengers Assemble (seasons 1–3), Ultimate Spider-Man, and Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H..

Pasdar also played a role on The Lying Game as Alec Rybak, a corrupt district attorney. In 2013, Pasdar guest-starred in the seventh and final season of Burn Notice as Randall Burke for three episodes. From 2014 to 2018, he played the recurring role of Glenn Talbot / Graviton on the Marvel TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., and from 2016 to 2017, recurred as Nolan Burgess on the series Colony. He also starred in the pilot of the Amazon Studios series The After. He also portrays the DC Comics character Morgan Edge in season 3 of The CW's Supergirl.

Personal life
Pasdar married musician Natalie Maines of The Chicks on June 24, 2000. They have two sons, born in 2001 and 2004. On July 5, 2017, Maines announced that she and Pasdar were divorcing after 17 years of marriage. The divorce was finalized on December 19, 2019.

Pasdar is a guitarist for charity rock band Band from TV. Part of the proceeds from the band's concerts go to his nominated charity, the Rush Epilepsy Center.

Awards and nominations
Acting

 * 2009: Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films: Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in Television, ''Heroes

Directing

 * 2000: AngelCiti film festival: Audience Award, Cement

Other

 * 2009 (ensemble): Hollywood Note Foundation's Change the World Awards, Humanitarian Award of Inspiration: Band From TV

Audiobook narration
In 2010, Pasdar narrated an audiobook edition of the cult novel Queer Fish in God's Waiting Room by the British writer Lee Henshaw. It was released in early 2011.

title: Adrian Pasdar


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User:Timrock

Tim is a self-proclaimed tool.

I, Timrock, am a tool.--Timrock

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Timrock


text:
Sandown, Gauteng

Sandown is an affluent suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa, in Sandton. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Sandown is both a residential and commercial area and is home to the offices of many major national and international corporations as well as the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in the area known as Sandton Central. The Gautrain rapid rail system's Sandton Station is located in Sandown, linking Sandton to O.R. Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg Central and the Capital City, Pretoria.

Sandown is named after the town of Sandown, on the Isle of Wight, UK.

Demographics
According to the South African National Census of 2001, 55.7% of the population were White, 35.4% Black African, 7.1% Indian or Asian and 1.8% Coloured.

65.5% spoke English, 7.8% Zulu, 6.0% Tswana, 5.0% Northern Sotho, 3.1% Afrikaans, 2.4% Xhosa, 2.1% Sotho, 1.7% Venda, 1.7% Tsonga, 0.8% Southern Ndebele. 0.4% Swazi and 3.4% some other language as their first language.

title: Sandown, Gauteng


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Savoy Estate

Savoy Estate is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called Syferfontein. It became a suburb in October 1948 and was originally owned by M.A. Zoccola who was from the same region of the Savoy Royal family.

title: Savoy Estate


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Saxonwold

Saxonwold is an affluent suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is situated in what was once the Sachsenwald Forest in the early 20th century. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

History
The suburb has its origins as part of the Braamfontein farm which was owned by Hermann Eckstein. He had bought the farm to explore it for minerals and when he failed to find any, the land was converted as a timber plantation in 1891 called Sachsenwald after Otto von Bismarck's estate. The land's name was anglicized at the beginning of World War One and was called Saxonwold. In 1903, Wernher Beit & Co and Max Michaelis gave 200 acres of freehold ground in the Sachsenwald plantation to the Johannesburg Town Council for the use by the people of Johannesburg by the creation of the Herman Eckstein Park. This park would become Zoo Lake, the Johannesburg Zoo and the South African National Museum of Military History. The remaining land in the plantation was developed into a township called Saxonwold in 1925 by the Transvaal Consolidated Land & Exploration Co Ltd. The streets were laid out to view the Rand Regiments Memorial with instructions to home builders not to impede the view of the memorial and the street names having an old Anglo-Saxon theme and ended in wold.

The Japanese School of Johannesburg previously had a location in Saxonwold. After a negative campaign in 1968, the location was forced to close.

The Villa d'Este was built in 1923. The South African National Museum of Military History and the Anglo-Boer War Memorial are also located in Saxonwold.

The Nelson Mandela Children's Fund is also located in Saxonwold.

Notable people

 * The Gupta family.

title: Saxonwold


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Simba, Gauteng

Simba is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

title: Simba, Gauteng


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 24

August 24

 * 2010 – Henan Airlines Flight 8387, an Embraer E-190, overruns the runway and crashes at Yichun, Heilongjiang, northeast China, causing 43 fatalities from 91 passengers and 5 crew members; this is the first hull loss of an Embraer E-Jet.

 * 2010 – Agni Air Flight 101, a Dornier Do 228, crashes outside of Kathmandu, Nepal in heavy rain, killing all 14 people on board.

 * 2010 – Saudi Arabian airline SAMA ceases operations.

 * 2010 – A Spanish Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon fighter crashed while attempting to take off at Moron Air Base. A Lieutenant Colonel of the Royal Saudi Air Force were killed while a Spanish Air Force Commander bailed out.

 * 2009 – American Airlines retires its last Airbus A300 from scheduled service.

 * 2008 – Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 6895, a Boeing 737, crashes just after take-off from Manas Airport in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. 68 of the 90 passengers and crew on board are killed.

 * 2004 – Volga-AviaExpress Flight 1303 and Siberia Airlines Flight 1047 explode south of Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow. The Russian government declares the explosions to have been caused by Chechen terrorists

 * 2004 – A Venezuelan Air Force Shorts 360 crashes near Maracay, Venezuela, killing all 25 on board.

 * 2001 – Air Transat Flight 236 runs out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean and makes an emergency landing in the Azores. Upon landing some of the tires blow out, causing a fire that is extinguished by emergency personnel on the ground. None of the 304 people on board the Airbus A330-200 were seriously injured.

 * 1999 – On board a Uni Air McDonnell Douglas DC-9 a fire starts in an overhead luggage compartment over Hualien Taiwan. The fire was cause by the accidental ignition fumes from a bottle of household cleaner. One person dies.

 * 1998 – Myanma Airways Flight 635, a Fokker F-27 Friendship, crashes while on approach to Tachilek Airport; all 36 on board die.

 * 1990 – Early in the build-up of forces in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the U. S. Air Force has 222 fighters, ground-attack aircraft, and bombers deployed in and around Saudi Arabia.

 * 1990 – A fatal aircraft accident involving a U.S. Coast Guard Grumman E-2C Hawkeye at the former Naval Station Roosevelt Roads in Puerto Rico prompted to the Coast Guard discontinue flying E-2Cs and to return all of its borrowed E-2s to the U.S. Navy.

 * 1988 – Assembly of the first McDonnell Douglas C-17 begins at Douglas Aircraft facilities in Long Beach, Calif.

 * 1983 – A Canadair Challenger 601 business jet arrives at London from Calgary, setting a world distance record for a business jet, at 4,364.2 miles (6,982 km).

 * 1979 – A Stearman biplane, aircraft registration number N48784, flew into electrical transmission lines that cross Lake Natoma at Mississippi Bar.   Jacquelyn Burnett, a passenger in the biplane, was killed.  The pilot, Stephen Francis Williams, was convicted of manslaughter. His conviction marked the first time in United States history that a pilot was held criminally responsible for the death of a passenger. Williams had previously killed his own 12-year-old daughter, Patricia Anna Williams, by attempting a takeoff in dense fog at the Salinas Municipal Airport.

 * 1977 – First flight of the Learjet 28

 * 1970 – Two USAF Sikorsky HH-53 C helicopters complete a non-stop trans-Pacific crossing from Eglin AFB, Florida to Da Nang, South Vietnam, aided by refueling encounters with Lockheed C-130 tankers.

 * 1965 – An American military C-130 Hercules aircraft carrying 71 passengers and crew crashes into Yau Tong Bay in Hong Kong shortly after takeoff. The plane is carrying U. S. military personnel, mostly U. S. Marines flying back to South Vietnam after leave during the Vietnam War. Thirteen people reportedly survive the crash.

 * 1961 – Beginning this day through October 12, U. S. aviatrix Jacqueline Cochran, flying a Northrop T-38 Talon, sets a wide range of records for women (altitude of 56,072.8 ft., a distance of 1,492.39 mi., a 100-km (62.14 mi.) closed circuit speed record of 784.29 mph and 15-km (9.32 mi.) course speed of 844.2 mph).

 * 1959 – Pan American World Airways inaugurates the first jetliner service between the continental United States and Hawaii, using Boeing 707 s.

 * 1956 – A U. S. Army helicopter becomes the first rotary-winged aircraft to fly non-stop across the United States.

 * 1954 – The pilot of an Republic F-84G Thunderjet dies at Eglin AFB following an ejection as the aircraft rolled to a stop after landing at Eglin Auxiliary Field 6. The Thunderjet was on a routine training mission.

 * 1951 – United Airlines Flight 615, a Douglas DC-6 B, crashes near Decoto (now Union City, California), while on final approach to Oakland, California; all 44 passengers and 6 crew members die.

 * 1950 – ATwo B-26 Invaders of the 729th Bombardment Squadron (Light), 452d Bombardment Group (Light), based at George AFB, California, collide in flight over El Mirage Dry Lake, 10 miles NW of Victorville, California. B-26B, 44-34174, c/n 27453, built as A-26B-45-DL, piloted by Ouris H. Cuerton, and B-26B, 44-34677, c/n 29956, built as A-26B-66-DL, piloted by Lyle N. Leavitt, both crash with crew fatalities during attempted bail-outs. The 729th/452d had been ordered to active service on 10 August 1950.

 * 1948 – Two separate accidents kill 13 U.S. airmen, this date. Nine are killed aboard an Army Douglas C-117A-1-DK Skytrain, 45-2554, c/n 18557/34212, 45-2554, near Newton, New Jersey, after a mid-air collision with an Army North American B-25J-30-NC Mitchell, 44-86870. The bomber suffers damage to a wingtip but lands safely. In a separate accident, two C-47 Skytrains engaged in the Berlin Airlift collide in mid-air near Ravolzhausen, killing two crew on each airlifter. Killed in the C-47s were Maj. Edwin C. Diltz, Capt. William R. Howard, Capt. Joel M. DeVolentine, and 1st Lt. William T. Lucas. Capt. Howard was piloting C-47A-80-DL, 43-15116, while Capt. DeVolentine was flying C-47A-90-DL, 43-16036, c/n 20502.

 * 1945 – Second (of two prototypes) McDonnell XFD-1 Phantom, BuNo 48236, is damaged in a belly landing.

 * 1944 – Aircraft from the British aircraft carriers HMS Indomitable and HMS Victorious raid Sumatra, striking the cement works at Indaroeng and the harbor facilities and shipping at Emmahaven.

 * 1944 – Goodwood III, the third airstrike of Operation Goodwood, is the most successful Goodwood raid. Thirty-three Fairey Barracudas attack Tirpitz, hitting her with a 500-lb (227-kg) bomb and a 1,600-lb (726-kg) bomb. The latter penetrates the armored deck and could have caused extensive damage or sunk the ship, but fails to explode.

 * 1943 – P/O DF McRae and crew, flying a Vickers Wellington of No. 179 (RAF) Squadron, sank the German submarine U-134.

 * 1942 – (24-25) The Battle of the Eastern Solomons takes place north of the Solomon Islands. It includes an aircraft carrier action on during which U. S. Navy carrier aircraft sink the Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō, while Japanese carrier aircraft heavily damage the U. S. aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6).

 * 1942 – (Overnight) 226 British bombers attack Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany, but most of their bombs land well west of the city; 16 aircraft do not return, including five Pathfinders.

 * 1940 – A German bomber crew bombs a residential area of south London, apparently in error.

 * 1939 – The Royal Air Force forms the Advanced Air Striking Force. Initially consisting of 10 squadrons of Fairey Battle bombers, its mission is to deploy to France in the event of war with Germany and strike targets in Germany from French bases.

 * 1937 – The Republicans launch an offensive against Nationalist in forces in Aragon, supported by about 200 aircraft; the opposing Nationalists have only 15 Heinkels. The Nationalists redeploy 20 Fiat CR.32 fighters commanded by the ace Joaquín García Morato, 20 Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 bombers, and 20 cargo aircraft from northern Spain to the area to bolster the defense.

 * 1933 – First flight of the Blackburn Shark

 * 1932 – Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly across the United States non-stop (from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey).

 * 1925 – First flight of the Supermarine S.4

 * 1924 – The U. S. Navy light cruiser USS Richmond (CL-9) rescues the crew of an Italian flying boat that is forced down in the Arctic Ocean by bad weather.

 * 1921 – The British airship R38 (ZR-2) due to be delivered to the United States Navy as the ZR-2, broke in two on a test flight near Hull, England, half falling to the ground in flames. 44 died, including British Air Commodore E.M. Maitland, Leader of Airships, and 16 Americans. Maxfield Field at NAS Lakehurst, New Jersey, named 6 January 1944 in honor of Commander Louis H. Maxfield, Naval Aviator No. 17, who lost his life in the R38 crash.

 * 1918 – U.S Army Maj. William R. Ream becomes the first flight surgeon to die in an aircraft accident, at the Effingham, Illinois airport, out of Chanute Field, Illinois, when his aircraft stalls/spins and crashes.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 24


text:
User talk:Jessethat1guy

Please don't add vanity or nonsense articles. Thanks. - Lucky 6.9 02:12, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your recent contributions, but Laura Arias was removed because it was not considered noteworthy. You are welcome to add this information to your user page. However, a subject must be notable to merit inclusion in the actual encyclopedia.

Here are some useful links if you need any help:

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style
 * What Wikipedia is not

Again, welcome. Stewart Adcock 08:27, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jessethat1guy


text:
Solridge

Solridge is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

title: Solridge


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T. Claude Ryan

Tubal Claude Ryan (January 3, 1898 – September 11, 1982) was an American aviator born in Parsons, Kansas. Ryan was best known for founding several airlines and aviation factories.

Early years
Ryan began his flying career in 1917 when he enrolled in the American School of Aviation at Venice, California. After making his first solo flight, he was accepted into the Army Air Service with an under-age waiver. The day that he was to report, the armistice was signed, ending his prospects for a military flying career. Instead, Ryan went to Oregon State College and studied mechanical engineering, then was accepted into the Aeronautical Division of the U.S. Army (later known as the United States Army Air Corps). While in the Army, Ryan learned to fly at March Field, California, from where he graduated in 1921.

Ryan flew forestry patrol duty in northern California and Oregon until 1922, when he formed the Ryan Flying Company. His flying service operated in San Diego using a Curtiss JN-4 Jenny for joy-rides, flight instruction and charter trips. In March 1925, Ryan Airlines, Inc. started flying passengers on round trip flights between San Diego and Los Angeles. Working with Hawley Bowlus, Ryan converted six government surplus Standard J-1 biplanes into Ryan-Standards. Capable of carrying four passengers in a forward cabin, they were powered by a 150-hp Hispano-Suiza.

Beginnings
One of Ryan's students was a wealthy young stock broker and real-estate developer named Benjamin Franklin Mahoney, with whom Ryan formed a business partnership. Ryan and Mahoney bought the Douglas Cloudster, which Bowlus modified to carry 10 passengers in comfort. The pilot and co-pilot sat side by side in an open cockpit.

Ryan Airlines

The company's first production aircraft was the Ryan M-1 monoplane mail plane, which flew in 1926. Working drawings were to have been provided by William J. Waterhouse and Lloyd Royer at Glendale Airport. They failed to provide a complete set, and instead built their own version, the Waterhouse Cruzair. Ryan And Bowlus completed their own plans and construction, while Jack Northrop, employed by Donald Douglas, worked weekends redesigning key aspects of the M-1.

On 30 November 1926, the Ryan-Mahoney partnership ended when Ryan sold his interest in the Ryan Flying Company and Los-Angeles-San Diego Airline. On 15 July 1927, the company was reorganized as the B. F. Mahoney Aircraft Corporation.

Ryan's role after this point is disputed, but it is known that he was not present for the planning and development of Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis or the related Ryan Brougham, although they were enclosed and enlarged developments of the M-1.

The Ryan Aeronautical Corporation
On 1 May 1928, Ryan opened the Ryan Flying School in San Diego. Ryan Airport at Dutch Flats, also offered charter flights and other flying services. The names of these services became known as the T.C. Ryan Flying Service, the T.C. Ryan Flying School, and the T.C. Ryan Aeronautical Corporation.

The "new" Ryan Aeronautical Corporation
In 1931, Ryan organized his flying school in San Diego as the Ryan School of Aeronautics, Ltd. In 1935, the corporate name became The Ryan Aeronautical Company, with the school as a subsidiary. The school used Great Lakes 2T-1 biplanes. This company was one of many around the country that served the government's need for pilot training through the Civilian Pilot Training Program as they were increasing their readiness prior to World War II. Ryan decided to produce his own trainer aircraft, and returned to manufacturing.

By June 1934, Ryan, working with engineers Millard Boyd and Will Vandermeer, had designed and built the first Ryan ST. In 1939, the US military version became the first trainer that was not a biplane.

The ST was followed by S-C Sports Coupe, with an enclosed side-by-side cabin, although this didn't sell as widely and only 11 were built before the war, and the focus on the ST ended production. Ryan developed the YO-51 Dragonfly for observation and liaison, but only built three.

Later, during World War II, Ryan developed the FR-1 Fireball mixed jet/piston power carrier-based fighter of which 66 were delivered to the US Navy. The XF2R-1 Dark Shark replaced the piston engine in the nose with a turboprop.

After the war, Ryan bought the North American Navion design and built it as the Ryan Navion. They also developed and produced the Firebee and related drones, which saw extensive use during the Vietnam War.

They also developed a series of experimental vertical take off and landing aircraft exploring different ideas, including the X-13 Vertijet tailsitter, the VZ-3 Vertiplane, the XV-5 Vertifan and the XV-8 Flexible Wing Aerial Utility Vehicle although none of these led to a production aircraft.

In 1969, Ryan sold Ryan Aeronautical to the Teledyne Corporation, and became a wholly owned subsidiary. The name was changed to Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Company. The company continued to produce a variety of pilotless drones as well as airframes for the AH-64 Apache helicopter. Despite there being no connection beyond T. Claude Ryan having founded both, Teledyne-Ryan continues to be claimed as the successor of the company that built the Spirit of St. Louis. Teledyne later sold off the drone division to Northrop Grumman.

Later years
After his retirement Ryan formed a new company with his son Jerome to develop and market the Ryan ST-100 Cloudster, a motor glider the elder Ryan had designed. The aircraft was type certified as both a light aircraft and powered glider, but Ryan died before production was commenced and only one was completed.

Ryan died September 11, 1982, in San Diego, California. His wife, Zeta Gladys Bowen Ryan, died in 1997.

Honors

 * 1948 - Presidential Certificate of Merit, given by President Harry S. Truman in recognition of Ryan Aeronautical's contribution to the Allied war effort
 * 1958 - Horatio Alger Award
 * 1965 - International Aerospace Hall of Fame inductee
 * 1966 - Mr. San Diego, awarded annually by Civic Leaders of San Diego
 * 1970 - Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
 * 1971 - Service to Aviation Award, awarded by the National Business Aircraft Show
 * 1974 - National Aviation Hall of Fame inductee
 * 1975 - Honorary Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots
 * 1981 - Aerospace Life Achievement Award, awarded by AIAA San Diego to a living aerospace pioneer with more than fifty years' experience advancing the frontiers of aeronautics
 * 1982 - Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

title: T. Claude Ryan


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 11

August 11

 * 2009 – Airlines PNG Flight 4684, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter carrying 11 passengers and 2 crew crashes into a mountain at Isurava, Papua New Guinea whilst attempting a go around at Kokoda Airport, Papua New Guinea; all passengers and crew perished in the accident.

 * 2004 –CH-53E Super Stallion 164782 from HMM-166 (Reinforced) crashes in the Al-Anbar province, killing two Marines and wounding three others.

 * 2003, The Spirit of Butts Farm becomes the first flight across the Atlantic by a computer-controlled model aircraft.

 * 2002 – U. S. Airways filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

 * 2001 – First flight of the Hawker 4000

 * 1995 – First flight of the Embraer ERJ-145

 * 1993 – 11-14 – Two B-1 Lancers complete a round-the-world trip in 47 hours.

 * 1991 – Space Shuttle Atlantis lands after completing mission STS-43.

 * 1986 – A modified Westland Lynx sets a new helicopter world speed record of 249 mph (401 km/h)

 * 1985 – Space Shuttle Challenger is flown to Kennedy Space Center via Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz.

 * 1984 – President Ronald Reagan jokes during a radio sound check that he had “signed legislation that would outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in 5 min. ” The joke is not broadcast live (contrary to some accounts) but when word of it spreads, the Soviet Army is put on high alert for about 30 min.

 * 1982 – A bomb explodes in a seat cushion aboard Pan Am Flight 830, killing 16-year-old Toru Ozawa and injuring 15 others. The plane, a 747-100 (Clipper Ocean Rover, N754 PA), makes an emergency landing in Honolulu and is repaired. The perpetrator, Mohammed Rashed, is arrested in Greece seven years later and convicted of murder, but freed eight years later. Rashed has also been indicted in the US, and is currently on the FBI’s most wanted list.

 * 1979 – The 1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision between two Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134s kills 178.

 * 1972 – NATO signs a development contract for the MRCA (Multi-Role Combat Aircraft) programme, which will eventually result in the Panavia Tornado

 * 1972 – First flight of the Northrop F-5E

 * 1967 – F-105 Thunderchiefs of the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing USAF cut the Paul Doumer bridge, using 100 tons of bombs.

 * 1962 – The Soviet Union launched cosmonaut Andrian Nikolayev on a 94-hour flight.

 * 1956 – First flight of the 4-motor Cessna 620.

 * 1955 – First flight of the Bell XV-3 (Bell 200), American tilt rotor aircraft (the three-bladed rotors replaced by two-bladed rotors)

 * 1955 – Two United States Air Force C-119 Flying Boxcars collide near Stuttgart, Germany, killing 66.

 * 1952 – British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) inaugurates its new weekly service between London and Colombo, the capital of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).

 * 1945 – First of only two Nakajima Kikka twin-jet fighters, completed on 25 June, first flown 7 August for eleven minutes by Lt. Cdr. Sasumu Tanaoka out of Kisarazu Naval Air Base, crashes on second flight this date. Second unflown Kikka is shipped to the U.S. after the Japanese capitulation.

 * 1943 – Eight German Focke Wulf Fw 190 s attack USS Philadelphia and two American destroyers off Brolo, Sicily; they score no hits. Philadelphia shoots down five of them and destroyer USS Ludlow (DD-438) and a U. S. Army Air Forces fighter shoot down one each. Allied aircraft break up a German counterattack against U. S. Army forces at Brolo, but seven U. S. Army Air Forces A-36 bombers mistakenly attack the American positions, destroying the command post and four artillery pieces.

 * 1943 – Nine U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators of the Eleventh Air Force make the second raid of World War II against the Kurile Islands, again attacking the Japanese base at Paramushiro, causing noteworthy damage. Japanese fighters shoot down one B-24 and damage the other eight; the B-24 s shoot down 13 Japanese fighters. The Eleventh Air Force decides not to raid the Kuriles again without fighter escort of its bombers.

 * 1942 – Axis opposition to Operation Pedestal – An Allied resupply convoy to Malta escorted by the British aircraft carriers HMS Victorious, HMS Indomitable, and HMS Eagle, against which 1,000 Axis aircraft have gathered in Sicily and Sardinia – begins when the German submarine U-73 hits Eagle with four torpedoes in the Mediterranean Sea about 141 km north of Algiers. Eagle sinks in eight minutes, with the loss of 131 of her crew and 16 Sea Hurricane fighters. German torpedo planes launch ineffectuve attacks on the convoys, and a strike by Royal Air Force Beaufighters destroys five and damages 14 of the German aircraft on the ground after they return to base

 * 1941 – (11-12) The Soviet Air Force makes its first raid on Berlin, as 11 Petlyakov Pe-8 s arrack the city. German defenses shoot down five Pe-8 s, and Soviet antiaircraft artillery mistakenly shoots down another as it returns to base.

 * 1939 – Pan American World Airways begins scheduled flights from New York, New York to Southampton, England.

 * 1937 – First flight of the Boulton Paul Defiant

 * 1926 – Second Lieutenant Eugene Hoy Barksdale is killed when the Douglas O-2 observation plane, 25-350, McCook Field project number P-441, he was testing went into an uncontrollable spin over McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio. His parachute snagged on the wingstruts, preventing escape from the aircraft. Barksdale Field, later Barksdale Air Force Base, is named for him upon establishment at the Military Reservation, Bossier Parish, Louisiana on 2 February 1933.

 * 1921 – The 1921 Schneider Trophy race is flown at Venice, Italy. In an all-Italian field, Giovanni De Briganti wins the race in a Macchi M.7 with an average speed of 189.7 km/h.

 * 1918 – Royal Air Force Flight Sub-Lieutenant Stuart Culley shoots down Zeppelin L 53 after taking off from a barge towed behind the destroyer HMS Redoubt.

 * 1918 – The first use of a parachute from a combat aircraft occurs when a German pilot escapes his burning Pfalz D.III after being attacked by a pilot from No. 19 Squadron RAF.

 * 1915 – The U. S. Naval Observatory asks Eastman Kodak to develop a special aerial reconnaissance camera that could be used from an airplane flying at heights of 3000 ft to 6000 ft.

 * 1909 – The first flight of the Baddeck No. 1, a Canadian-built aircraft, by the Canadian Aeroplane Company, took place at Petawawa, Ontario.

 * 1906 – Mrs. C. J. S. Miller becomes the first woman passenger in an airship. The 40-hp craft is owned and operated by her husband, Major Miller.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 11


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Stand by Your Man (EP)

Stand by Your Man is an EP released in 1982. It is a collaboration of the bands Motörhead and the Plasmatics. It is notorious as the reason "Fast" Eddie left Motörhead, more so than the bad reception the EP received. Lemmy and Wendy O. Williams had organised to do a duet of the famous Tammy Wynette country song, though most critics, and fans, to this day are baffled by the choice, Wendy coming from the punk scene in the mid-late 1970s and Lemmy from a mixture of Rock genres.

Recording
Following the success of the Motörhead/Girlschool collaboration, St. Valentine's Day Massacre EP, Lemmy kept getting asked to do another collaboration. Having seen pictures of O. Williams and knowing of her reputation, alongside Lemmy's penchant for "making records with birds," the band flew to Toronto for a recording session with her group, the Plasmatics. Lemmy explained about the session: ""..Eddie was supposed to produce the tracks for us, and unfortunately he had (producer) Will Reid Dick – whom I generally refer to as Evil Red Dick – in tow again. The session was problematic to say the least. Wendy took a long time to get in tune, and it wound Eddie up. She tried her parts a few times and sounded terrible, I will say that. You'd think she was never going to get it, but I knew she would if I just worked with her. In addition to this, Eddie wasn't playing guitar – he was only working as producer. We were using Wendy's guitarist's from the Plasmatics, with me and Phil on bass and drums. Eddie wasn't acting terribly thrilled with the whole scenario and finally he said he was going out to eat, but we found him in the other room, sulking with Evil Red..""

Lemmy believes that if Dick had not been there, they could have worked through the problems, but ended up exchanging a few words and Clarke left the studio. Back at the hotel, drummer Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor told Lemmy "Eddie's left the band". Clarke was replaced a week later by Thin Lizzy man, Brian Robertson. In the book Overkill: The Untold Story of Motorhead, biographer Joel McIver quotes Taylor saying: ""..we all knew it wasn't going to be a Stevie Wonder-meets-Paul McCartney production job. It was basically an over-the-top single...I said to him, well, that's no problem. Easy. If you want, you can put on the back of the single, 'Eddie Clarke is on no way involved with this. He hates it. He thinks it's a bunch of shit'...I still don't think that was his reason for leaving.."" It is more likely that Clarke left because of mounting tension with Kilmister, who had been unhappy with Clarke's production on the Iron Fist album and fed up with Clarke's continued threats to leave. In an interview with Scott Adams that appears on Clarke's official website, the guitarist insists: ""..I suppose at that time Motorhead had in fact gone as far as it could. I had not decided to quit. I was forced out by the other guys who for different reasons felt the need for a change. This kind of happened around the Iron Fist album. We had stopped working well together so the demise was inevitable..”"

Release
It was released to little fan fare and sold poorly according to Lemmy. It was reissued in various countries in the eighties; but since then it is only available on the Bronze Records compilation album No Remorse, of 1984, remastered reissue by Sanctuary Records in 2005, as part of the deluxe edition remastered series they did.

Reception
One reviewer commented that although "Lemmy has always said that the late Wendy O’Williams was a wonderful person, this doesn’t alter the fact that [Stand By Your Man] is a truly horrible track".

Personnel

 * Lemmy Kilmister – lead vocals on "Stand by Your Man" & "Masterplan", bass guitar
 * Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor – drums
 * Wendy O. Williams – lead vocals on "Stand by Your Man" & "No Class"
 * Richie Stotts – lead guitar
 * Wes Beech – rhythm guitar

Production

 * Producer, Engineer & Mixer - "Fast" Eddie Clarke & Will "Evil Red Neck" Reid
 * Engineer - Michael Frondelli (vocals)

title: Stand by Your Man (EP)


text:
Strathavon

Strathavon is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Strathavon is a sought after area due to its convenient location and close proximity to the Sandton CBD, and the M1 motorway. The Chabad movement has a centre in Strathavon.

title: Strathavon


text:
User talk:R. Durham Evans

Welcome!

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title: User talk:R. Durham Evans


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Baryon asymmetry

In physical cosmology, the baryon asymmetry problem, also known as the matter asymmetry problem or the matter–antimatter asymmetry problem, is the observed imbalance in baryonic matter (the type of matter experienced in everyday life) and antibaryonic matter in the observable universe. Neither the standard model of particle physics nor the theory of general relativity provides a known explanation for why this should be so, and it is a natural assumption that the universe is neutral with all conserved charges. The Big Bang should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since this does not seem to have been the case, it is likely some physical laws must have acted differently or did not exist for matter and/or antimatter. Several competing hypotheses exist to explain the imbalance of matter and antimatter that resulted in baryogenesis. However, there is as of yet no consensus theory to explain the phenomenon, which has been described as "one of the great mysteries in physics".

Sakharov conditions
In 1967, Andrei Sakharov proposed a set of three necessary conditions that a baryon-generating interaction must satisfy to produce matter and antimatter at different rates. These conditions were inspired by the recent discoveries of the Cosmic microwave background and CP violation in the neutral kaon system. The three necessary "Sakharov conditions" are:
 * Baryon number $$B$$ violation.
 * C-symmetry and CP-symmetry violation.
 * Interactions out of thermal equilibrium.

Baryon number violation
Baryon number violation is a necessary condition to produce an excess of baryons over anti-baryons. But C-symmetry violation is also needed so that the interactions which produce more baryons than anti-baryons will not be counterbalanced by interactions which produce more anti-baryons than baryons. CP-symmetry violation is similarly required because otherwise equal numbers of left-handed baryons and right-handed anti-baryons would be produced, as well as equal numbers of left-handed anti-baryons and right-handed baryons. Finally, the interactions must be out of thermal equilibrium, since otherwise CPT symmetry would assure compensation between processes increasing and decreasing the baryon number.

Currently, there is no experimental evidence of particle interactions where the conservation of baryon number is broken perturbatively: this would appear to suggest that all observed particle reactions have equal baryon number before and after. Mathematically, the commutator of the baryon number quantum operator with the (perturbative) Standard Model hamiltonian is zero: $$[B,H] = BH - HB = 0$$. However, the Standard Model is known to violate the conservation of baryon number only non-perturbatively: a global U(1) anomaly. To account for baryon violation in baryogenesis, such events (including proton decay) can occur in Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) and supersymmetric (SUSY) models via hypothetical massive bosons such as the X boson.

CP-symmetry violation
The second condition for generating baryon asymmetry—violation of charge-parity symmetry—is that a process is able to happen at a different rate to its antimatter counterpart. In the Standard Model, CP violation appears as a complex phase in the quark mixing matrix of the weak interaction. There may also be a non-zero CP-violating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix, but this is currently unmeasured. The first in a series of basic physics principles to be violated was parity through Chien-Shiung Wu's experiment. This led to CP violation being verified in the 1964 Fitch–Cronin experiment with neutral kaons, which resulted in the 1980 Nobel Prize in physics (direct CP violation, that is violation of CP symmetry in a decay process, was discovered later, in 1999). Due to CPT symmetry, violation of CP symmetry demands violation of time inversion symmetry, or T-symmetry. Despite the allowance for CP violation in the Standard Model, it is insufficient to account for the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) given the limits on baryon number violation, meaning that beyond-Standard Model sources are needed.

A possible new source of CP violation was found at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by the LHCb collaboration during the first three years of LHC operations (beginning March 2010). The experiment analyzed the decays of two particles, the bottom Lambda (Λb0) and its antiparticle, and compared the distributions of decay products. The data showed an asymmetry of up to 20% of CP-violation sensitive quantities, implying a breaking of CP-symmetry. This analysis will need to be confirmed by more data from subsequent runs of the LHC.

One method to search for additional CP-violation is the search for electric dipole moments of fundamental or composed particles. The existence of electric dipole moments in equilibrium states requires violation of T-symmetry. That way finding a non zero electric dipole moment would imply the existence of T-violating interactions in the vacuum corrections to the measured particle. So far all measurements are consistent with zero putting strong bounds on the properties of the yet unknown new CP-violating interactions.

Interactions out of thermal equilibrium
In the out-of-equilibrium decay scenario, the last condition states that the rate of a reaction which generates baryon-asymmetry must be less than the rate of expansion of the universe. In this situation the particles and their corresponding antiparticles do not achieve thermal equilibrium due to rapid expansion decreasing the occurrence of pair-annihilation.

Regions of the universe where antimatter dominates
Another possible explanation of the apparent baryon asymmetry is that matter and antimatter are essentially separated into different, widely distant regions of the universe. The formation of antimatter galaxies was originally thought to explain the baryon asymmetry, as from a distance, antimatter atoms are indistinguishable from matter atoms; both produce light (photons) in the same way. Along the boundary between matter and antimatter regions, however, annihilation (and the subsequent production of gamma radiation) would be detectable, depending on its distance and the density of matter and antimatter. Such boundaries, if they exist, would likely lie in deep intergalactic space. The density of matter in intergalactic space is reasonably well established at about one atom per cubic meter. Assuming this is a typical density near a boundary, the gamma ray luminosity of the boundary interaction zone can be calculated. No such zones have been detected, but 30 years of research have placed bounds on how far they might be. On the basis of such analyses, it is now deemed unlikely that any region within the observable universe is dominated by antimatter.

Mirror anti-universe
The state of the universe, as it is, does not violate the CPT symmetry, because the Big Bang could be considered as a double sided event, both classically and quantum mechanically, consisting of a universe-antiuniverse pair. This means that this universe is the charge (C), parity (P) and time (T) image of the anti-universe. This pair emerged from the Big Bang epochs not directly into a hot, radiation-dominated era. The antiuniverse would flow back in time from the Big Bang, becoming bigger as it does so, and would be also dominated by antimatter. Its spatial properties are inverted if compared to those in our universe, a situation analogous to creating electron–positron pairs in a vacuum. This model, devised by physicists from the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada, proposes that temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are due to the quantum-mechanical nature of space-time near the Big Bang singularity. This means that a point in the future of our universe and a point in the distant past of the anti-universe would provide fixed classical points, while all possible quantum-based permutations would exist in between. Quantum uncertainty causes the universe and antiuniverse to not be exact mirror images of each other.

This model has not shown if it can reproduce certain observations regarding the inflation scenario, such as explaining the uniformity of the cosmos on large scales. However, it provides a natural and straightforward explanation for dark matter. Such a universe-antiuniverse pair would produce large numbers of superheavy neutrinos, also known as sterile neutrinos. These neutrinos might also be the source of recently observed bursts of high-energy cosmic rays.

Baryon asymmetry parameter
The challenges to the physics theories are then to explain how to produce the predominance of matter over antimatter, and also the magnitude of this asymmetry. An important quantifier is the asymmetry parameter,
 * $$\eta = \frac{n_B - n_{\bar B}}{n_\gamma}.$$

This quantity relates the overall number density difference between baryons and antibaryons (nB and n$\overline{B}$, respectively) and the number density of cosmic background radiation photons nγ.

According to the Big Bang model, matter decoupled from the cosmic background radiation (CBR) at a temperature of roughly $3,000$ kelvin, corresponding to an average kinetic energy of $3,000 K$ / ($10.08 K/eV$) = $0.3 eV$. After the decoupling, the total number of CBR photons remains constant. Therefore, due to space-time expansion, the photon density decreases. The photon density at equilibrium temperature T per cubic centimeter, is given by
 * $$n_\gamma = \frac{1}{\pi^2} \left(\frac{k_B T}{\hbar c}\right)^3 \times\int_0^\infty \frac{x^2}{e^x - 1} \, dx =

\frac{1}{\pi^2}\left(\frac{k_B T}{\hbar c}\right)^3 \times 2\,\zeta(3)\approx 20.3 \left(\frac{T}{1\text{K}}\right)^3 \text{cm}^{-3}, $$ with kB as the Boltzmann constant, ħ as the Planck constant divided by 2$\pi$ and c as the speed of light in vacuum, and ζ(3) as Apéry's constant. At the current CBR photon temperature of $2.725 K$, this corresponds to a photon density nγ of around 411 CBR photons per cubic centimeter.

Therefore, the asymmetry parameter η, as defined above, is not the "good" parameter. Instead, the preferred asymmetry parameter uses the entropy density s,
 * $$\eta_s = \frac{n_B - n_{\bar B}}{s}$$

because the entropy density of the universe remained reasonably constant throughout most of its evolution. The entropy density is
 * $$s \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \frac{\mathrm{entropy}}{\mathrm{volume}} = \frac{p + \rho}{T} = \frac{2\pi^2}{45}g_{*}(T) T^3$$

with p and ρ as the pressure and density from the energy density tensor Tμν, and g* as the effective number of degrees of freedom for "massless" particles (inasmuch as mc2 ≪ kBT holds) at temperature T,
 * $$g_*(T) = \sum_{i=\mathrm{bosons}} g_i \left(\frac{T_i}{T}\right)^3 + \frac{7}{8}\sum_{j=\mathrm{fermions}} g_j{\left(\frac{T_j}{T}\right)}^3,$$

for bosons and fermions with gi and gj degrees of freedom at temperatures Ti and Tj respectively. Presently, s = $n_{γ}7.04$.

title: Baryon asymmetry


text:
Strijdompark

Strijdompark, also called Strydompark, is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. It is named for J. G. Strijdom.

title: Strijdompark


text:
Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 10

August 10

 * 2010 – Alaska Turbo Otter crash: A de Havilland Canada DHC-3 T Turbo Otter crashes near Aleknagik, United States killing former Senator Ted Stevens. Former NASA Administrator and current EADS North America CEO Sean O’Keefe is amongst the survivors.

 * 2007 – A US Navy HH-60 "Rescue Hawk" make a forced landing in Yusufiyah. The two crew members sustained non-life threatening injuries.

 * 2006 – British authorities announce that a plot to simultaneously denonate bombs smuggled in hand luggage aboard ten airliners bound for the United States over the Atlantic Ocean has been foiled. Tightened security measures in the United Kingdom and United States and flight cancellations which happen afterwards cause severe chaos at several London airports.

 * 2005 – Copterline Flight 103, a Sikorsky S-76 helicopter crashes off Tallinn, Estonia, killing all 14 on board.

 * 2002 – US Airways files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

 * 2001 – Launch: Space Shuttle Discovery STS-105 at 21:10:14 UTC. Mission highlights: ISS supply, crew rotation.
 * 1999 – A Pakistan Navy Breguet Atlantic, believed to be serialled '91', c/n 33, of 29 Squadron, is shot down by two Indian Air Force MiG-21 jets, citing airspace violation. Dubbed the Atlantique incident, it raises tensions between India and Pakistan.

 * 1993 – An McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B-8 Harrier II, BuNo 162955, c/n 512083/77, of VMA-231, crashed on the runway at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina as the pilot was doing "touch and go" landings. The plane's flaps jammed when moisture got into the flap controller causing it to short out. The pilot, Captain William P. Delaney ejected before the plane hit the runway however his parachute descended into the fireball killing him.

 * 1990 – Prime Minister Mulroney announced that Navy ships, HMCS Athabaskan, HMCS Terra Nova, and HMCS Protecteur accompanied by five Sea King helicopters from 423 Squadron, would deploy to the Persian Gulf.

 * 1965 – A fire in a Martin LGM-25C Titan II missile silo at Searcy, Arkansas kills 53 men, all of them civilians, in the worst accident in "U.S. space age defense" when a diesel generator catches fire, smothering the victims. The missile, fully loaded with liquid fuel, did not burn. Its nuclear warhead had been removed while the civilian workmen updated the physical plant of the complex. Two civilians were able to flee the fire area through an underground tunnel to the access rooms and launch center. "The fire probably burned less than an hour", said Capt. Douglas Wood, Public Information Officer for Little Rock Air Force Base, which commands the 18 Titan II silos ringing Central Arkansas, "but up to 12 hours later smoke was still billowing in the silo."

 * 1965 – A Virginia Air Guard Cessna L-19 Bird Dog crashes at Camp Pickett, Virginia, while flying a support mission for forces in summer field training, killing the crew. Pilot Capt. Laurence A. White and S/Sgt. Melvin D. Mangum, both of the Richmond Howitzers, are KWF when the liaison aircraft comes down near the Nottoway River reservoir.

 * 1962 – First flight of the Bell 533

 * 1959 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair F-86 Sabre of the Golden Hawks aerobatic team overshot when landing at McCall Airfield, Alberta, with the rest of the team and collided with a Piper Pacer about 2 miles (3.2 km) W of the field. Pilot of the Sabre and two occupants of the Pacer were killed.

 * 1955 – Two United States Air Force Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar transports of the 10th Troop Carrier Squadron, 60th Troop Carrier Group, collide over Edelweiler, Germany, near Stuttgart, shortly after takeoff for training mission from Stuttgart Army Airfield near Echterdingen. C-119G, 53-3222, c/n 11238, piloted by Robert T. Asher, and C-119G, 53-7841, c/n 11258, piloted by Eugene L. Pesci, both crash. In all, 66 died, 44 on one Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar, and 22 on the other. Troops aboard were of the Army's 499th Engineering Battalion.

 * 1949 – First flight of the Avro Canada C102 Jetliner

 * 1947 – A new world airspeed record of 640 mph (1,031 km/h) is set in the Douglas Skystreak during a flight on 20 August 1947.

 * 1947 – British European Airways began the world's first regular cargo-only airline service.

 * 1945 – Task Force 38 aircraft again strike northern Honshu heavily, striking two previously undetected Japanese airfields.

 * 1945 – After suffering heavy damage during the airstrikes of July 24, 28, and 29, the Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyo is abandoned in Beppu Bay when she lists far enough for the port side of her flight deck to be underwater. She later will be scrapped in place.

 * 1944 – Saipan-based U. S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators of the Seventh Air Force conduct the first bombing raid against Iwo Jima, the first of 10 air raids on Iwo Jima during August.

 * 1944 – U. S. Army Air Forces B-29 Superfortresses carry out raids against Palembang on Sumatra and Nagasaki, Japan. The Palembang raid is the longest carried out by the 20th Air Force during World War II, requiring a round trip of 4,030 miles (6,490 km) between a staging base on Ceylon and the target. The Nagasaki raid employs the heaviest B-29 bomb loads to date—6,000 lbs (2,722 kg) per bomber—and results in the 20th Air Force’s first air-to-air kill, a Japanese fighter shot down by B-29 gunner Technical Sergeant H. C. Edwards.

 * 1943 – Reinforced by 250 Imperial Japanese Army aircraft from Rabaul, Japanese air forces in New Guinea are ordered to conduct an air offensive against Allied airfields on New Guinea and Allied convoys along the Papuan coast.

 * 1938 – 10-11 – A Lufthansa Focke-Wulf Fw 200 makes a non-stop flight from Berlin to New York, via Hamburg, Glasgow, Newfoundland, and Halifax, taking 24 hours 36 min for the trip.

 * 1936 – A Nationalist ground column under Colonel Juan Yagüe y Blanco captures Mérida, Spain, after advancing 200 miles (322 km) in less than a week. Nine German Junkers Ju 52 s and eight Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 s have given the column local air superiority, while a civilian aeroclub from Seville has provided aerial reconnaissance and in one instance forced Republican militiamen to abandon their positions by dropping melons on them.

 * 1922 – The Schneider Trophy race is flown at Naples, Italy. It is won by the only non-Italian competitor, H. C. Biard in a British Supermarine Sea Lion II, with a winning speed of 234.5 km/h (145.7 mph).

 * 1921 – The United States Department of the Navy establishes the Bureau of Aeronautics to oversee all matters relating to naval aircraft, personnel, and operations. United States Marine Corps aviation remains under a separate command, the Director of Aviation at Headquarters Marine Corps.

 * 1918 – Lt. Erich Loewenhardt, third-highest-scoring German ace of the Great War, is KWF when the wheels of a Fokker D.VII flown by Lt. Alfred Wentz of Jasta 11 (also spelt Wenz in some sources) collide with the wing of his own Fokker D.VII, causing it to crash. He bails out but his chute fails to open. Lowenhardt, posted to JG.1, and flying with Jasta 10 from July 1917, scored 53 victories before his death. Wentz successfully bails out of his stricken fighter.

 * 1912 – Englishman Francis K. McClean becomes the first pilot to fly under bridges spanning the Thames River when he takes off from Harty Ferry, Eastchurch in his Short biplane S. 33.

 * 1910 – Claude Grahame-White attempts to fly the first airmail in the world to be carried on a powered airplane when he takes off from Squires Gate near Blackpool, England heading for Southport. The attempt in his little Blériot monoplane fails and he is forced to land.

 * 1840 – American Louis Lauriat, whose balloon flies at 21 mph in New Brunswick, makes the first manned balloon flight in Canada.

title: Portal:Aviation/Anniversaries/August 10


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Talk:Stand by Your Man (EP)

Motorhead/Plasmatics or Lemmy/Wendy O?
Is it or isn't it? When Motörhead collaborated with the Plasmatics and one left, leaving two out of three the band is it still Motörhead?--Alf melmac 22:16, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

 * All Music Guide has it down as "Motorhead/Plasmatics". Bubba hotep 22:33, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Also, compare this — to — this — 14,200 vs 692. Bubba hotep 22:46, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Burridge includes the EP in the "Basic Motorhead Discography: 7" singles and E.P.'s" as an official release, Stand by Your Man E.P. is listed on page 67 between Iron Fist/Remember Me I'm Gone and I Got Mine/Turn You Round Again, with no differential markings.--Alf melmac 17:17, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

motorhead.ru singles listing this sites divisions between official, imports and special editions, semi-official live and bootleg listings is accurate as far as I can tell. It also has this single in the main motorhead singles listings.--Alf melmac 12:33, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Stand By Your Man.jpg
The image Image:Stand By Your Man.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
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This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --07:54, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stand by Your Man (EP)


text:
Sunningdale, Gauteng

Sunningdale is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region E and Ward 72 of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

title: Sunningdale, Gauteng


text:
Talk:Bonaire

Legal Status
Is this island part of the Netherlands? Are the people there Dutch citizens? --Dara 02:13, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Not Oficially, but the relationships between these countrys and the Netherlands are still very close. The islands are semy dependant of the Netherlands.--MeDP 22:56, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Bonaire is a part of the Netherlands Antilles, which is an autonomous country in the Kingdom of The Netherlands. The citizens are Dutch citizens. In 2007, the Netherlands Antilles will cease to exist, and Bonaire will become a Kingdom Island. --Saintkevin 22:06, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Bonaire will become part of The Netherlands, and the people are becoming Dutch citizens. The Netherlands Antilles will not exist next year. Today Bonaire and The Netherlands has decided that Bonaire will become a municipality of The Netherlands.The ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations Grandmaster e 16:30, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

They have always been Dutch citizens. The passport of native Antilleans always showed "Dutch" as the nationality. Saintkevin 22:27, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ironical note: despite being totally Dutch, those with a parent born on the island but living in the Netherlands proper are officially considered to be non-western allochtoon. DirkvdM 13:13, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Link to Flag of Bonaire`
why does the table not link to Flag of Bonaire? Deror 12:43, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * There was a typo. It should be fixed now. — Epastore 20:54, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Ambiguous term "Indians"
Several times the article refers to "Indians". Maybe it should be obvious whether this means Indigenous peoples of the Americas or to people with origins in the Indian Subcontinent, but to me it seems ambiguous. I don't know which ethnic group is meant, and I think someone who does should change it to a less ambiguous term, or at least add a link to Indigenous peoples of the Americas or India or something. Static Sleepstorm 10:17, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it's just you. The article starts with discussing how the population was a branch of the Arawaks, and then assumes that you will tie later references back to that.Kww 12:52, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, so to clarify. Juan de Ampues repopulated the island with Amerindians, rather than Asians? And these are the same Indians being referred to in the phrase "A small number of African slaves were put to work alongside Indians and convicts"? If this is the case, then maybe it would be useful to add where these Amerindians had come from? Mainland South America? Static Sleepstorm 17:07, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll try to think of a way to clarify, and try to find sources so that I can be precise. When the Europeans came through here, they basically tyrannized and enslaved everyone. The Caribs lived north of here, and the Arawaks primarily to the south. Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao were essentially the northern edge of Arawak territory in the Caribbean. I think they may have had some territory in Central America, as well, but I am uncertain. Indians brought in from Hispaniola would have been a mix of Caribs and displaced Arawaks. Today, I'm quite comfortable in saying that people I identify as "Bonairean" or "Curacaoan" are primarily a mix of Carib and black descent, with some white and Arawak admixture; while Arubans are primarily Arawak with some Carib, white, and black ancestry. What the mix was in 1532 isn't something I have available at my fingertips, and may have never been recorded.Kww 17:56, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

OK well good luck, I don't know if it's any help but on the page Arawak it says: "On the mainland of South America there are some 2,450 (1980 census) Arawaks living in Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana with 2,051 in Suriname. The Caribs on mainland South America number 10,225 (2000 WCD) in Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guyana. The majority of the populations of Puerto Rico and Aruba are descended in part from the Arawaks — Taino in the case of the former." Static Sleepstorm (talk) 10:46, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

“Indigenous" and "First Nations People" are promoted on the grounds that they are utilized as formal people, places or things (specific people) and connote the social heterogeneity and political sway of these gatherings. The terms "Indian", "Native American", "American Indian" and "Alaska Natives" are utilized distinctly with regards to coordinate statements.

Does area include Klein Bonaire?
The article of the  288 km² (111 sq. miles)." And it goes on to say that Klein Bonaire is "6 km² (2.3 sq. miles)." But it is not clear if the area of Klein Bonaire is included or excluded from the area of Bonaire. Does anyone know the correct way to clarify this? — Epastore (talk) 21:56, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Grammar (under "Education")
"...system, patterned after..." should probably read: "...system is patterned after..." (sans bold) --Atikokan (talk) 15:12, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Transmitting Stations of Radio Netherlands and Trans World Radio
History and more technical information of these facilities should be added.

Hans Hass and Bonaire
Austrian Diving pioneer Hans Hass stayed 1939 eight weeks on Bonaire and Klein Bonaire (Mid July – Mid September). In August 1939 he lived four weeks in a small tent at Klein Bonaire near the divesite “Yellowman's Reef”. 1953 he returned with his research ship XARIFA and stayed three weeks at the Boca Slagbaai before he left to Galapagos. In April 1954 on his way back to Europe the XARIFA stopped again at Bonaire. Near Punt Vierkant his underwater cameraman Jimmy Hodges died due to an oxygen-poisoning. Hodges is buried at the cemetery of Kralendijk. 1977 he returned again for eight weeks and produced his TV-film “Fisch unter Fischen” (i.e. “Fish amongst Fishes”) about Bonaire’s growing diving tourism and the potential dangers for the natural environment. 1997 Hass supported and signed the referendum “Protect Klein Bonaire” not to sell Klein Bonaire to a private hotel company. (Jung, Michael: Hans Hass and his Journeys to Bonaire. With a chapter about the Bonaire Marine Park and the Development of the Diving Industry on Bonaire. Merzig, 1999) Gio von Gryneck (talk) 09:37, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

Saint vs Sint
We use the English version, Saint (St), not the Dutch version, Sint. This is en.wikipedia.org - go to the Dutch Wikipedia for naming in Dutch. Atsme  ☯ Consult  02:25, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The English name is Sint Eustatius. There's no such place as "Saint Eustatius": we've gone through this before at Talk:Sint Eustatius, and that's the reason the article is at Sint Eustatius.—Kww(talk) 02:27, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that isn't true. I posted the link to Google translate on your TP.  Sint is Dutch for Saint (St).  The official name for the BES Islands in English can be seen here:   Sorry if you had an issue with it before.  Atsme  ☯  Consult  02:35, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Do you read your own talk page, or simply parrot the same incorrect argument in multiple places: the name of the island, no matter what language one speaks, is "Sint Eustatius": see http://www.government.nl/news/2013/07/13/prime-minister-rutte-visits-caribbean-part-of-the-kingdom.html http://www.government.nl/news/2013/02/01/new-deputy-member-of-the-joint-court-of-justice.html http://www.government.nl/government/documents-and-publications/press-releases/2010/10/08/judiciary-appointments-aruba-sint-maarten-and-the-bes-islands.html There's the occasional oddball page that abbreviates "Sint" as "St", but that doesn't somehow rename the island.—Kww(talk) 02:40, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Please respect WP:Civility. See the following St. Eustatius TOURISM site - I am absolutely correct.    Atsme  ☯  Consult  02:42, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The government site generally uses Sint Eustatius. Your argument was that the "official" name was somehow not "Sint", based on one page on the government site, despite the existence of other pages on precisely that same site by precisely the same government that use "Sint Eustatius" and "Sint Maarten" in English. Are you now retracting that claim?—Kww(talk) 02:47, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Ooooh, and look at your tourism site: "Sint Eustatius, also known affectionately to the locals as Statia or Stay-sha, lies in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies,..." (emphasis mine).—Kww(talk) 02:52, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * If you want to include the fact that the locals affectionally refer to it however (whatever language you want to use), be my guest and provide an inline citation. However, the FORMAL name for the island in ENGLISH is Saint (St) Eustatius.  You can use Google translate to convert that name into any language you like. The citation I provided confirms exactly what I've said about its formal name in ENGLISH.  You are editing the ENGLISH Wikipedia, and we use English here.  We don't call St Louis, MO. Sint Louis, bon?  Atsme  ☯  Consult  03:00, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * That's not what the quote says, Atsme. Read it again. It says the "affectionate" names are "Statia" or "Stay-sha", but the actual name is "Sint Eustatius". "St Eustatius", when used, is an abbreviation for "Sint Eustatius". There's no such place as "Saint Eustatius". The citation you provided was to one of multiple English language pages from the same site by the same government, and most of those pages, in English, refer to the island as "Sint Eustatius". The English language tourism page you provided refers to the island as "Sint Eustatius", in English. You haven't provided a single reference that actually supports your argument.—Kww(talk) 03:17, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * You don't consider the Netherlands government a RS?  You don't consider the St. Eustatius official tourism site a RS?    Before I proceed to the next appropriate action, I ask that you please self revert.  Atsme  ☯  Consult  03:51, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * You aren't reading your own sources or my arguments, Atsme. Any effort to take "next steps" will just result in embarassment. Of course, the Kingdom government is a reliable source. However, you are pointing at one source on www.government.nl that uses "St Eustatius" and ignoring three other links on the same website, also in English, that use "Sint Eustatius":  . Your link to the tourism site uses both "St Eustatius" and "Sint Eustatius". That certainly establishes that "Sint Eustatius" is a correct form of the name in English. Further, you seem to be making the assumption that when a site that uses "Sint" also uses "St", we should be reading the "St" as "Saint". That's just odd. I've never encountered any official document using "Saint Eustatius", you haven't provided any, so it would seem reasonable that "St" is being used as an abbreviation for "Sint".—Kww(talk) 04:05, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I have read your arguments. You have not read mine or even tried to understand what I'm saying.  Wikipedia is an encyclopedia.  To see an example of what an long established encyclopedia entry looks like, see the Encyclopedia Britannica entry for Sint Eustatius: .  I am willing to compromise - we use St Eustatius (Dutch, Sint Eustatius) in the lede since the article is about Bonaire, and not Sint Eustatius.   Atsme  ☯  Consult  04:41, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I understand that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia: I've been an administrator here for years. Look at the article you have pointed to again: an English language article, it titles the page "Sint Eustatius" and refers to the island as "Sint Eustatius" in every position in the article. It provides "Saint Eustatius" as the English translation of the name, not as the name itself, similarly to how we point out that "Sint Eustatius" is Dutch for "Saint Eustace". You still haven't provided a source that shows that there's another name for the island than "Sint Eustatius" or that "St Eustatius" is an abbreviation for anything but "Sint Eustatius".—Kww(talk) 04:49, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * NOAA uses Saint Eustatius or St. Eustatius - (St is the abbrv for Saint) -, UT Austin Berkeley Earth , USGS know it as Saint Eustatius , Local times says Saint Eustatius , Relief Web , AccuWeather -  Line Corp phone service , Reuters calls it Saint Eustatius ,  there is the Democratic Party of Saint Eustatius, est.1948, plus it was called Saint when the Brits had it. , Dutch call it Sint, English say Saint, both ways are typically included  , Selling land in Saint Eustatius , Wind forecast calls it Saint Eustatius , dive adventure co. , and the list goes on and on.  I do hope you're not going to continue with this WP:OWN behavior.  It's not at all what I expected from an editor of your caliber.  Atsme  ☯  Consult  11:30, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * If you really want to continue, the next step would be an RFC. It does seem strange how eager you were to use official sources until I demonstrated you were misreading them. Once you stopped that argument, you tried to compare us to Britannica, until I pointed out you were misreading that. Now, you have a random hodgepodge of sources using an unofficial name, but haven't stopped to consider that your base argument, that "Sint Eustatius" is somehow wrong or not used in English, is without foundation. At the most, you've demonstrated that "Saint Eustatius" isn't 100% wrong, a result which I am surprised by.—Kww(talk) 13:37, 6 January 2015 (UTC)

This is a complicated discussion, as there is no formal English name for Saint/Sint/St Eustatius/Eustace (Dutch is the legislative language of the Kingdom). However, the fact that one can translate the word Sint to Saint, does not mean that in a proper name including Sint this is also the case. As is shown above, plenty of sources use Sint Eustatius. What I regard an authoritive source is the designation in ISO 3166, which was submitted by the Dutch government. It shows for the Caribbean Netherlands: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba (nl), Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (en), Bonaire, Saint-Eustace et Saba (fr). (Note that for Sint Maarten, this was corrected from Saint Maarten, so apparently i) it is not easy and ii) they really thought it through, iii) in French it IS translated... Although indeed the term Saint Eustatius may be used occasionally, I think the formal and most common name thus is "Sint Eustatius". L.tak (talk) 17:14, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your input, but I stand firm in my beliefs despite Kww's intimidation. The nomenclature has already been established in Wikipedia.  We are an ENGLISH encyclopedia.  If what Kww is saying was correct; i.e., "There's no such place as "Saint Eustatius" - then the same would also hold true for the Netherlands which is the Nederland (Dutch), or the Netherlands Antilles which is Nederlandse Antillen (Dutch), or the Kingdom of the Netherlands which is Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Dutch).  Click on the links to see what I'm talking about, and how I wanted to handle the situation here.  The decision that was made to revert my edits and not include the English name is inappropriate and conflicts with conformity.  Atsme  ☯  Consult  22:59, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I think your desire for consistency in translations is laudable, but wikipedia is not the place to push such a consistency, if that consistency doesn't get enough traction in the outside world, and if it is not is it the dominant English term the responsible government uses. Should Saint Eustatius or Saint Eustace become the commonly used term or the formal government term in English, then I agree with you that we should reconsider. But that seems not the case at the moment... Sint Eustatius is also not the only place where no literal translation is taken; think about 's Hertogenbosch, which is translated Bois le Duc in French (sometimes even Bois le Duc in English), but never "Duke's Forest" in Enlish. This all despite The Hague being used in its translated form for Den Haag/'s Gravenhage/La Hay/La Haya... L.tak (talk) 23:17, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry you find me intimidating: I'll admit to having gotten highly irritated with you, but you are really confusing two things here. "Netherlands", "Netherlands Antilles", "The Hague", "Munich", "Tokyo": these are all English names for places that have a different name in their native language. The normal names for Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten in English are "Sint Eustatius" and "Sint Maarten". What you are arguing for is closer to wanting us to talk about "Yellow, Texas" instead of "Amarillo, Texas" or "High Dirt, Indiana" instead of "Terre Haute, Indiana". As I said, I was surprised to see that you could find as many uses of "Saint Eustatius" as you did.—Kww(talk) 00:03, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I consult you to give further study to the examples I provided above regarding the naming conventions of the Netherlands, et al, and the way they appear in both English and Dutch in our English Wikipedia. The same unequivocally applies to St. Eustatius.  We don't write the Netherlands as van Nederland, or the Kingdom of the Netherlands as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, and we shouldn't write Saint (St.) Eustatius as Sint Eustatius.  St. Eustatius is most widely used (and recognized), and it is pronounced Saint in English.  A parenthetical Dutch spelling or vice versa should suffice, which is actually the nomenclature most consistent in WP.   The fact that NOAA weather, USGS which is responsible for mapping, the tourism industry, and almost all aviation entities (airports) use Saint, should be more than adequate RS to change your position, but sadly, it has not.  You keep citing Dutch sources with Dutch spelling which is certainly appropriate for a Dutch Wiki but this is English Wiki.  The translation from Dutch to English for Sint is Saint, and that is a fact you can argue into infinity but it will not change the fact.  I can only hope the obligation of MOS, and getting it right will weigh as heavy on you as it does me. Atsme  ☯  Consult  13:38, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * No one is arguing that "Sint" doesn't translate to "Saint" in English, just as no reasonable person would argue that "Terre Haute" doesn't translate to "High Ground" or "High Dirt", or that "Amarillo" doesn't translate to "Yellow". That makes it a translation, not a name. I'm glad for L.Tak's source: ISO 3166 is an international standard, and it uses "Sint Eustatius" in its English version of the name. Combine that with http://www.government.nl usage of "Sint Eustatius" (never "Saint Eustatius") and the government tourism site http://www.statiatourism.com using "Sint Eustatius" (never "Saint Eustatius"), even when the government is writing in English, and I think it's clear the preferred English form is "Sint Eustatius". The obligation of "getting it right" does weigh heavily upon me, as does our MOS, both of which lead to using "Sint Eustatius". I honestly believe the hits you have on "Saint Eustatius" come under the category of "common mistake", not "correct usage".—Kww(talk) 13:50, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * (, didn't read KWW's statement yet) and against the USGS use, there is the US government when granting passports [www.state.gov/documents/organization/94675.pdf here] (using St a lot in e.g. St. Helena), but not with Sint Eustatius)]; and there are many other English-language sources that are very authoritive (see ISO 3166 above). We can at least agree on the fact that i) Sint is translated Saint in English; and ii) the need to "get this right". We don't agree that if Sint is used in a Dutch name, it is always to be translated (and in this case: it shouldn't). I have no problems seeing what the input of others is in an RFC; as here we are repeating arguments... L.tak (talk) 14:01, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * I concede to the ISO 3166 naming convention, and apologize for my persistence. Perhaps the common reference to saint is more appropriate in an etymology section in Sint Eustatius since it is mentioned in the lead, but then I question if it's even worth the trouble. Either way, I thank both of you for your patience and for taking the time to explain.  Your efforts are appreciated and will not go to waste on this editor.  Atsme  ☯  Consult  15:22, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

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Please explain
, your revert forces (USD) to the next line, whereas US Dollar ($) is much neater in appearance. I reverted your good faith edits because they were not an improvement. I added a source to support why your edit summary of "(No indication that that is the official name)" was not accurate, and that your misspelling of Papiamentu pointed to a redirect, and should be spelled Papiamento. Is there a convincing reason you believe your no wrap revert should remain? A discussion is always a much better choice than edit warring. Atsme ✍🏻📧 20:38, 1 October 2018 (UTC)
 * , I'm just following the standard set at United States using the full name. Thanks for adding the source, the indication is now there. I don't believe Papiamentu is a misspelling, it is the name of the dialect of Papiamento spoken on Bonaire. It is even spelled that way on the website you added as source... Thayts   •••  05:47, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
 * , it’s Popumento, Papiamento so please stop changing it. Atsme ✍🏻📧 16:06, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Popumento? Oh my, you can't even spell that right. Again, they speak the Papiamentu dialect on Bonaire; it's even the legal spelling of the language with regard to Bonaire. I went ahead and fixed it again since apparently you did not feel like discussing it here and went ahead with changing back the currency as well. You also changed the article text from British spelling to American spelling for no apparent reason, could you explain that? Thayts   •••  17:38, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Here you have an English-Papiamentu dictionary. Thayts   •••  17:48, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Oh, c’mon - you knew what I meant - the wikilink under it had the correct spelling. I am traveling, it has been storming all the way, and we just pulled in to get fuel so excuse the typo - I was distracted. Besides, we’ve already discussed this issue in the recent past and I thought it was resolved.  Changing it in the infobox despite it being spelled Papiamento throughout the article makes no sense. What we need to do - see NYTimes article - it confirms Papiamentu.  The Papiamento articles in WP need to be updated - are you up for it?  Also need to change it in this article. As for the currency issue, MOS shows US $ and doesn’t spell it out - I compromised by spelling out dollar and leaving in the USD link - sufficient enough for an infobox. There are far fewer Papiamentu than Papiamento spellings so we go with the one that is most widely used and has the most credible RS.  I would not object to saying it is spelled Papiamentu or Papiamento in the body text.  As for British English vs American, the island’s currency is the US $, and the largest percentage of tourists to the island are from America and the Netherlands. American English is the obvious choice. Atsme ✍🏻📧 20:17, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I must have missed that discussion. But there is nothing to be updated, there has been no change. As you can read at Papiamento, the Papiamentu variant is spoken on Bonaire and Curaçao, while the Papiamento variant is spoken on Aruba. So there is a difference. The island's currency is in no way an indicator for spelling preference. Since there are many more Dutch tourists than American and the Netherlands is right next to Britain, and since Bonaire is actually a Dutch island, I would say British English is the obvious choice. But that's just me. Thayts   •••  20:57, 13 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Thayts, I think you misunderstood what I meant about updating - my reference was to updating the info to reflect Papiamentu as the official spelling. Read my comment again and the wikilink I provided. Atsme ✍🏻📧 19:22, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure NYTimes is the authority on that. ISO on the other hand seems more like it, which says that the official English spelling is Papiamento. ISO also doesn't make a distinction between Papiamento and Papiamentu, so I'm not even sure if you can actually call them separate languages. Maybe you're right to say that we should use Papiamento as the official English spelling here on Wikipedia, but that means it needs to be changed at several other places too like Curaçao and Caribbean Netherlands. Perhaps there should be a discussion at some place like WP:LANG about how to treat dialects like this one. Thayts   •••  19:41, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Certainly an option to consider. However, in addition to the NYTimes article, which is a reliable secondary source, and when you pointed out the government’s spelling of it in official documents, your argument to spell it with a “u” ending was convincing. As a sidebar note, and being a permanent resident of Bonaire, I’ve heard Bonaireans and Arubans pronounce it the same - Papiamentu - the 5th syllable sounding more like “thoo” or “thu” depending on how fast they talk.  It doesn’t sound like “toe” or “thoe”.  Regardless, quite a few RS indicate Papiamentu - see “Slavery and the Development of Papiamentu” by Gary C. Fouse, published in the Journal of Caribbean Literatures, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Summer 2007), pp. 61-72.  Encyclopedia Britannica uses “Papiamentu”,  and there are multiple academic sources that verify Papiamentu.  Native Bonaireans with a minimum high school education refer to the Aruban Papiamento, and the Bonairean Papiamentu.  I just recorded the following:  [[File:Papiamento-papiamentu.ogg]] Atsme ✍🏻📧 23:21, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * To me the two pronunciations in that sound fragment do sound different, so more like toe and too. I just gave the government source as an example and that was selective to prove my point, but Dutch legislation is actually not too consistent (e.g. some instances of "Papiamento" in relation to Bonaire can be found here, here and here), even though the official Dutch name for the language is Papiaments (without any distinction). The government website of Aruba, as opposed to that of Bonaire, uses Papiamento as expected. Since ISO recognises only one spelling and therefore has no other code next to, I thought maybe we should be using "Papiamento" everywhere to create some standardised consistency. However, it was not my intention to disregard one spelling or the other completely. Still, if you'd like to change the standard to "Papiamentu" then you should reach a consensus. That would also imply changing the returned value of e.g. Pap icon, but since that template relies on the ISO 639 name (the actual standard) I don't think many would agree with that. Thayts   •••  19:10, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * So you are now in agreement with my original position that it should be Papiamento? Actually, I’m of the mind that, in an effort to clear-up the confusion, both spellings should be included with a brief explanation, and it appears you are, too.  I’m not convinced that a standard actually exists.  Ubiquitously among the native born/locals on the ABC islands, there is agreement that it’s Papiamento for Aruba, and Papiamentu for Bonaire & Curacao.  I’ll go ahead and edit the article for clarity. Atsme ✍🏻📧 20:18, 16 October 2018 (UTC).
 * Well, as I already said in the comment before my previous comment, maybe we should use the standard "Papiamento" indeed. This ISO standard does exist (and is used as such by Wikipedia), in principle covering both dialects, but without voicing the distinction that clearly exists. Personally I'm also fine with leaving Papiamento on Aruba and putting Papiamentu on Bonaire, although I do would like to know what others think of that. On the other hand, I think putting Papiamentu on Aruba would be wrong. Thayts   •••  21:03, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

Direction from Venezuela to Bonaire
I have no interest in an edit war, so let's discuss. Comment on your last edit at Bonaire says the map clearly shows northwest, and so does the lat/long. I'm not sure how you are seeing that. First, what lat/long are you using for Venezuela that would "clearly show" Bonaire to be NW? Venezuela is a pretty big place. You could pick some points in Venezuela that would make Bonaire NW, and some points in Venezuela that would make Bonaire NE. Same thing for looking at the map--depends on where in Venezuela you decide to start from. That being said, it seems that the "average reader" would look at a map and say "Bonaire is north of Venezuela." Also, reading a text description that says it is to the northwest seems to imply that Bonaire lies farther west than the westernmost point in Venezuela, or at least that Bonaire is very close in longitude to the westernmost point in Venezuela. When there is a lot of Venezuela that is east of Bonaire and a lot of Venezuela that is west of Bonaire, it seems more common sense to just say Bonaire is to the north (without adding either -east or -west). If there were a cited source that says northwest, I would be hard-pressed to argue with it. But the text of your source just says "off the coast" with no indication of direction, leaving the reader to look at the map. All things considered, "north" just seems to me to more accurately convey the location. LarryJeff (talk) 21:35, 20 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I guess it depends on from where you depart, LarryJeff. If you're in Caracas giving someone directions, you'd wouldn't tell them to go due north. If you look at the far west side of Venezuela and the far east side, Bonaire is situated to the northwest. Aerials show northwest. When you read the coordinates, 68°28′W, 12°15′N, it reads West and North. Atsme  Talk 📧 21:49, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

 * "depends on from where you depart" - I agree, that's why I said it
 * "If you're in Caracas" - article doesn't say northwest of Caracas, it says northwest of Venezuela
 * "look at the far west side of Venezuela and the far east side, Bonaire is situated to the northwest" - an inaccurate statement. From the the far west side of Venzueula, Bonaire is certainly NOT northwest--it's northeast.
 * "Aerials show northwest" - goes back to what is the starting point. I could just as easily say it shows due north. I would restate my previous comment that most people looking at a map and seeing that much of Venezuela is to the southwest of Bonaire, and much of Venezuela is to the southeast of Bonaire, would simply describe Bonaire as being "north of Venezuela". Saying it's northwest implies that all of Venezuela has a more eastern longitude than Bonaire, which is not accurate.
 * "68°28′W, 12°15′N, it reads West and North" - same, it's west and north from what starting point within Venezuela? From much of Venezuela it would be north and east
 * LarryJeff (talk) 22:29, 20 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Simply for the sake of clarity...after reviewing my comment "...the far west side of Venezuela and the far east side..." - I failed to include my complete thought - that Bonaire is situated to the northwest of Caracas, which I've always considered a waypoint as it is the capital city of Venezuela.  Atsme|undefined Talk 📧 16:24, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

 * My advice to you is to call an RfC if you want to change longstanding, stable material. I am going to move this discussion to the TP of the article. Atsme Talk 📧 23:29, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Good discussion. Thank you for drawing attention to the location issue. I struck my comment directly above now that the accuracy issue has been resolved with the addition of Caracas as the way point. Atsme Talk 📧 03:01, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Actually, that's less accurate since Bonaire is about 150 miles from Caracas (see https://www.distance.to/Bonaire/Caracas). I edited to match the language in the reference that you added yesterday, to just say "off the coast" without referencing a particular city. I think that probably goes more along with the spirit of the original writing, highlighting the proximity. LarryJeff (talk) 21:15, 21 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Works for me, and you can even add north. Atsme Talk 📧 22:06, 21 March 2019 (UTC)

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