text:
Talk:Baháʼí views on homosexuality

etiquette for undoing items?
Jeff3000, 2 May, you commented (rvt, well cited, checked again) to my edits which were:

deleted ref: Smith, Peter, A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith, pages 184–185 because there is no mention of marriage.

deleted - "in the religion's texts as exclusively" and replaced this with "in Bahai law as being" because the UHJ creates Bahai law or policy. If there is a religious text stating such, then it needs to found or shown.

but it appears that you have reverted the text back to removing my comments. If this was intentional please explain why. If it was a mistake, please undo this. thanks. If by well cited you mean that the Peter Smith is correct, then show me as I opened the book to check. There is a page titled homosexuality but no mention of marriage. So this doesn't support the sentence: "The Bahá'í Faith teaches that the only acceptable form of sexual expression is within marriage, and Bahá'í marriage is defined in the religion's texts as exclusively between one man and one woman." I will elaborate on the second edit if my reason above is not clear. I am new to wikipedia editing but I understood that any editing required a reason and you gave none in undoing my edits. Is this usual? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Huianui (talk • contribs) 13:41, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I've added a couple extra references that back up the statement. Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 15:25, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

sorry, not sure how to contribute here, if i'm doing this wrong. Jeff3000 before you undo my edit a third time, please consider the inaccuracy of attributing "religious texts" when the only relevant reference you have provided so far is the policy as expressed by the UHJ letter which I have not deleted. For Bahais the UHJ makes law or policy it does not write religious text. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Huianui (talk • contribs) 18:05, 2 May 2014 (UTC) Huianui (talk) 18:15, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I guess you don't understand Wikipedia policies. Primary sources, actually are not supposed to be used extensively, but secondary sources are the ones that need to be used.  If a secondary source states something, it can be used to cite the text in Wikipedia.  And the citation I used does use religious texts, so it can be used.  Primary sources are not used extensively because they can be interpreted one way or another, and that's why you need secondary sources.  The UN book is publised by Wilfred Laurier Press, which is an academic publisher, which is considered one of the most reliable sources.  Please read the necessary Wikipedia policies, like verifiability, original research and reliable sources.  Messages from the House are considered primary sources, and can only be used in limited cases.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 18:22, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

I am new to wikipedia, and again, sorry, i am not using the 'talk' correctly, but my critique, Jeff3000 of your use of secondary sources is to do with accuracy. The sentence we are discussing is this: "The Bahá'í Faith teaches that the only acceptable form of sexual expression is within marriage, and Bahá'í marriage is defined in the religion's texts as exclusively between one man and one woman."

And I had replaced, 'defined in the religion's texts' with the words "in Bahai law as being" because the UHJ creates Bahai law or policy. If there is a religious text stating such, then it needs to found or shown. You reverted the text back without any explanation except a thanks for spotting that the other reference was a wrong attribution.

Later you wrote to me privately: "I guess you didn't read my response, did you. Secondary sources are key, and you removing well-cited sentences. I'm going to get other people to chime in, and if you continue to abuse Wikipedia policy you may get blocked. Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 18:39, 2 May 2014 (UTC)"

And I was thinking the same, not to necessarily get other people to chime in because I consider that bullying, but to report your behaviour as it didn't seem right to me that someone was free to repeatedly undo an edit without explanation and to feel free to add inaccurate references. Your only explanation was with the second of the three undos you made of my edit and this was "here's another two references"

re the first reference: Coward, Harold (1996-11-12). Religious Dimensions of Child and Family Life: Reflections on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 147. ISBN 155058104X.

p. 147 does not have the text 'religious texts' instead the book says "Bahai law designates marriage as a monogamous ... etc." It does not refer to Bahai religious texts anywhere on the page. The wikipedia article that refers to p 147 as a source, must say "Bahai law" not "Bahai texts." If the wikipedia article is to say something different, then a source that backs that claim must be found. http://www.amazon.com/Religious-Dimensions-Child-Family-Life/dp/155058 104X#reader_155058104X

re: Lepard, Brian D. (2008-10-1). In the Glory of the Father: The Bahai Faith and Christianity. Bahai Publishing; New edition. p. 100. ISBN 1931847347. I cannot look inside the second book online but as I have been a Bahai a long time, if there was a Bahai religious text stating that marriage was 'exclusively between one man and one woman' I would have seen it by now. So I am wondering why it is ok to continually add references that either are wrong or that no one can check without special access - surely wikipedia is there for ordinary people to be able to make articles as accurately as possible.

The second reference might or might not be relevent since the topic is on the Bahai Faith, but it is not a support for the phrase 'defined in the religion's texts' Information on wikipedia should be verifiable.

I would think that if someone adds material then the onus is on them to provide the evidence for putting that material there. I don't think wikipedia should be used so someone with time and the right skills can put anything onto a wikipedia article and call it a secondary source.

When I first made the edit, I gave a reason stating that I inserted the phrase "in Bahai law as being" because the UHJ creates Bahai law or policy. If there is a religious text stating such, then it needs to found or shown I also started the talk page so we could discuss this. If you disagreed then you could explain why I am wrong here. Instead you repeatedly undid my edits. I am new at wikipedia but you have been on wikipedia a long time and so I guess your behaviour was intentional. My apologies if I have messed something up as I am new here. I will now consult a friend who is not a Bahai and who is whizz on wikipedia about what has happened here to see how I can do things better. Huianui (talk) 20:03, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

now "smkollins" added the following comment before reverting it all back to "Jeff3000"s version. "(The whole point if the talk page is to settle questions without an edit war. The points have been substantiated, and should be gone over carefully.)"

I am not going to ask my friends to join in as appears to have happened here. Jeff3000 you can correct me if you didn't ask "smkollins" to step in. So it seems wikipedia is run like party politics, the one who wins is the one with the most 'votes' so to speak. I will leave this for a day because I think that is wise since perhaps there might be Bahais involved here who are interested in accuracy. Then seek advice from a wikipedia moderator. Jeff3000, you may indeed win, but who wins in the end I ask? This shouldn't be about a competition but about aiming for accuracy. Huianui (talk) 20:41, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I said what I said and did what I did based on my own understanding of the appropriate choices user:Huianui. "There might be Bahais involved here who are interested in accuracy." That and a few other bits suggest personal attacks. You question other people's motives than your own? I think we all very much care for accuracy. Rather than consult on the truth of the matter (reliable sources, etc) you act, one might hazard, hastily. And rather than take the discussion at face value you wonder if you need to consult with others not here? Again is this about agendas? Not trusting that people are acting in good faith? --Smkolins (talk) 21:05, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

FRom the combination I find "religious texts" to be a fair summary. It is consistent with all three. --Smkolins (talk) 21:22, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * does, as you say, say ""established on spiritual principles…. For example, Baha'i law desgnates marriage…" - /you/ state that "Baha'i law" derives from the House vs religious texts.
 * says ""Bible and the Baha'i writings" - that is closer to an explicit "religious texts" statement, no?
 * "Bahá'í teachings …. Thus Bahá'í law …" So Baha'i law rests on Baha'i teachings….
 * as far as Smith's Encyclopedia, on the question of "religious texts" vs "Baha'i law" it is manifest that the books says "In the Kitab-i-Aqdas Baha'u'llah forbade pederasty. Shoghi Effendi interpreted this to imply a general prohibition on all forms of homosexual activity…." Thus the accepted interpretation of the Aqdas statement on pederasty /is/ about homosexual activity in general. This is not another rule or law - this is the binding /interpritation/ of the "religious text" and can stand as a source. Footnoting each point tightly in the sentence is unworkable but the sentence is a fair summary of all the points made in each case. If you wanted to knit all the Smith references together to make all the points of the sentence you'd have to refer to homosexuality, marriage, sex, and polygamy. But it still results to the same points made in the sentence and stands as an encyclopedic summary of the position as I understand it. --Smkolins (talk) 21:46, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * It is indeed about accuracy, and the Baha'i texts/writings is what defines Baha'i law. The requirement that marriage is between man and woman, regardless of if that is politically correct now or not, is based on the baha'i writings, and not based on a house of justice decision, and the secondary sources back that up.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 22:43, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

What I propose is a minimal formulation, that Bahá'í marriage is defined in Baha'i law as being between one man and one woman. There are plenty of sources to support this. You want to go beyond that, and say that it is in the religion's texts, that is, you want to specify the source, implying it is scriptural. However: 1) this is selective use of sources. Your procedure is to select a secondary source that backs your own point of view. Ironically one of your two sources uses the phrase 'Bahai law' which is in support of the more neutral term. 2) this is tendentious. You are trying to work your own disputable view (Jeff3000 noted above, that religious texts can usually be interpreted in various ways) into the wikipedia article.

3) the wikipedia article already contains a more extensive and nuanced discussion of the "Basis from texts," which shows the long (and I think very stretched) chain of interpretation that leads from "the subject of boys" to "Bahá'í marriage is exclusively between one man and one woman." What you are trying to do is impede readers from, forming a nuanced view, by prepping them with your "right answer" in the introductory paragraph.

I think this is an abuse of wikipedia to promote a factional viewpoint, and an abuse of wikipedia's methods: by reverting every change I make and calling on your friend to help when you have run out of reverts. I am not interested in playing that game by calling on my friends to do the same.

I have also decided not to make a formal complaint either, because what would happen in the end is that some overworked wikipedia administrator has to look at Bahais arguing over three words. Even if he or she did rule in my favour, in another month one of you would change it back again anyway. So in the end it boils down to the text on this page being dominated, not by logic or accuracy as much as possible, but by what one or two Bahais think is correct, irrespective of the facts. Jeff3000 you repeatedly added references that had no mention of marriage and I read this as showing you didn't care, and you repeatedly removed my edits without discussion. These two actions indicate to me that you are used to dominating here so that a new person is given no credence, let a lone an explanation. The fact is that it is a Bahai law. The fact it is ambiguous what readers could understand by “religion's texts” so it is best to avoid that term. Usually Bahais refer to Bahai Scripture when they mean 'religious text' and I assume the term is not used here because there's no Bahai Scripture to say that marriage is only between a man and a woman. Using the term 'Bahai law' is not derogatory and in fact two of the references you supplied use the same words [ ] [ ]. I note also another error: lower on the page there is a reference to Shoghi Effendi when the text this is about concerns Letters written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi. If you are interested in accuracy you will correct this error.

So show me why the following is not accurate and neutral:

The Bahá'í Faith teaches that the only acceptable form of sexual expression is within marriage, and Bahá'í marriage is defined in Bahai law as being between one man and one woman.[ ] [ ].

And I suggest that the next time you revert an edit that you give a reason and use the 'talk' part of wikipedia to ask that person for their reasoning if the reasoning is not clear. Huianui (talk) 17:36, 3 May 2014 (UTC)
 * You speak of it as a "minimum formulation" which implies a range of which your view is not the middle ground. You proposal is less firmly stated than the citations use. Is it true - yes it is even more true to speak where such law comes from. You speak of the "baha'i law" point but forget the antecedents used:""established on spiritual principles…. For example, Baha'i law designates marriage…" Which is to say the Baha'i law is derived from something, Baha'i law being one example of spiritual principles. A similar construction occurs in the other - "Bahá'í teachings …. Thus Bahá'í law …" So Baha'i law rests on Baha'i teachings…." Again "Baha'i law" comes /from/ something. This is clear and manifest. Now what is a coherent way of saying "spiritual principles" or "Baha'i teachings" but the third quotes presentation - ""Bible and the Baha'i writings". I think "religious texts" is more neutral and general.
 * You remark about every change you make being reverted. I hazard that if we thought your changes were indeed constructive and improving the article we would not revert. I *expect* someone to revert me if I go off on some tangent or ill conceived contribution. Indeed it has happened to me and I took the time to learn why. I highly suggest you do not take such things personally. Learn from them. The rest of your point seems like more paranoia - why not just face that your position is the outlier and needs revision, that if you made a case about it neutral parties might actually find your pov not improving the article, not based on the sources and based in your own pov more than the sources?
 * Everyone can and should contribute constructively. You don't need to point out mistakes someone else needs to fix. If they are truly mistakes then you have demonstrated you can make additions - by all means make good additions! --Smkolins (talk) 18:39, 3 May 2014 (UTC)

Religious Tolerance articles
[Bahai Faith and Homosexuality] [Introduction] [1973 UHJ statement] [1982 UHJ letter and 1993 LGBT group meeting] [Various letters and statements] [2002 physician letter and current status] [Internet agitation] [A personal essay]

Can any of the above info be worked in any way, shape, or form into the article or the discussion here? 2601:D:3582:2C0:D9F6:A202:90A8:4E23 (talk) 01:51, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

Broken link fixed earlier. 2601:D:3582:2C0:D9F6:A202:90A8:4E23 (talk) 01:52, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

Corrected date error. 50.178.142.148 (talk) 16:53, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

1996 UK NSA
1996 Statement by the National Spiritual Assembly of the UK:

The NSA distributed a statement prepared for a London UK education group about the teaching about homosexuality within the school system. The Assembly stated that :...the statement does not claim to be exhaustive, but it can be used with wisdom as part of a response to questions." Some excerpts from their statement are:

 * "...the sexual impulse is a God-given one... The appropriate circumstance for this is within [opposite-sex] marriage, the legally, socially, and spiritually sanctioned union of two adults of the opposite sex. Other expressions are neither valid nor to be encouraged."
 * "[This is] taught by the world's great religions, and is part of the basis of a stable and civilized society."
 * "The moral and sexual education of children cannot be taken separately, and must be based upon heterosexuality, fidelity, and the family unit."
 * "...the sexual practice of homosexuality is no more an acceptable activity than is heterosexual activity outside marriage."
 * "We also abhor the introduction of loaded words such as 'homophobia' and 'heterosexism' to try to convey the idea that rejection of homosexuality is as prejudiced and discriminatory as racism, sexism, and other biases and intolerances..."

Their statement that the world's great religions teach that sexual activity must be confined to a man and a woman married to each other is not accurate:

 * Islam's Sharia Law permits one man to be married to up to four women.

Since there are three sexual orientation among adults, and since a significant minority of school students will become lesbian, gay or bisexual in adulthood, many human sexuality educators recommend that sex-ed classes include information on all sexual orientations.
 * Some Mormon denominations actively promote polygyny -- the marriage of one man to multiple women.
 * The Old Testament describes eight marriage/family styles involving men with female wives, concubines, prisoners of war, and slaves.
 * In addition, liberal wings of many religions promote or condone other sexual practices. Some accept pre-marital sex between loving committed couples. Some promote or condone masturbation for health reasons among males, and to help youths understand their sexual functioning.

As to whether the oppression of, discrimination against, and rejection of gays, lesbians and bisexuals will be treated in the future as evils on a par with racism, sexism, xenophobia, and religism (discrimination based on religion), only time will tell.

Also, specifically on the backwards projection of all the above point in the letter describing the Baha'i positions on marriage and sexuality on to all the world's great religions that it recognizes before itself. Anybody familiar with Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Zorooastrianism, etc would say that such an obvious porjection of the Baha'i view onto their religion is inaccurate as given the example disproofs above. Also, homophobia and heterosexism are real thing, and not just political terms with nor real meaning that are Trojan horses to destroy traditional values. 50.178.142.148 (talk) 16:21, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Autocorrect error removed due to Apple doing that! 50.178.142.148 (talk) 16:22, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

The statement by the National Spiritual Assembly of the UK is available at: http://bahai-library.org/ "Statement on Homosexuality by National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United Kingdom," 1996-OCT, at: http://bahai-library.org/ Roger Reini, "Draft FAQ: The Bha'i Faith and homosexuality, A Compilation of Selections from the Baha'i Writings," 1996-JAN-13, at: http://bahai-library.org/

Added sources! 50.178.142.148 (talk) 16:58, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

LGBT Affimring Proposals Unanswered and Ingnored
1993 gay-positive meeting:

On 1993-SEP-3 to 5, at the request of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States, a group of gays, lesbians and supporters gathered in Reno, NV to discuss the beliefs and practices of the Baha'i Faith with regard to homosexuality. The meeting was organized by the Local Spiritual Assembly of Reno and members of the Gay Baha'i Fellowship. On a letter to the Assembly dated 1993-SEP-20, they raised a number of points:

In an apparent reference to the high suicide rate among gays and lesbians, they said:

They cite a conflict between:
 * "Many of us have been in hiding from our Baha'i communities, we have all been made to feel unwelcome in our own religion. For a few of us, it seems that alienation, confusion, and despair has been too heavy a burden to bear."
 * "Many of us believe that this issue revolves around the Baha'i principle of the reconciliation of science and religion."
 * "None of us has found in all our efforts any evidence whatsoever that a homosexual can be changed into a heterosexual by medicine or psychological treatments. Our personal experience supports the accepted view of science."
 * "...recent data strongly suggests that sexual orientation is not only non-pathogenic, but prenatal, in fact in part genetically determined."

 * "On the one side, a person's unchangeable sexual and emotional needs, supported wholeheartedly by medicine and psychology and further strengthened by a global movement in Gay and Lesbian rights. On the other side, the morality and censure of their chosen Faith. This is no small dilemma."

The group produced a series of recommendations to the Assembly:

 * "...greater compassion and forbearance in regarding homosexual Baha'is." They suggested that administrative action be taken against gay or lesbian Baha'is only in cases of "genuine public scandal."
 * An end to "backbiting, intolerance, and unkindness" directed at gays' and lesbians' private behavior. They called for an end to a double standard; they felt that homosexuals and heterosexuals were treated differently for the same behaviors. The asked for a review of all cases where voting and other rights were removed from gays or lesbians.
 * Creation of a learned committee "to develop a plan to enlighten and educate the American Baha'i community concerning homosexuality..."
 * Creation of a group: Baha'i Parents and Friends of Gays and Lesbians (BPFLAG), modeled after the existing, secular PFLAG.
 * The Gay Baha'i Fellowship provide a speakers bureau as a resource to the Baha'i community.
 * The Assembly should make a "clear statement about whether gays and lesbians are welcome in the Baha'i Faith." They expressed concern about the negative effect that lack of acceptance of homosexuality by the Baha'i Faith is having upon individuals in the scientific, civil rights, and progressive religious communities.
 * That Auxiliary Board Members and their assistants be provided "with up to date materials, resources, and background on this subject." They expressed concern that "the focus to date has been one of "changing' sexual orientation which is not a reachable goal, in light of current scientific findings."
 * The Assembly should instruct Local Spiritual Assemblies to stop encouraging marriage as a cure for homosexuality in view of the disastrous consequences that generally result. They recommended that lists of AIDS resources and support organizations be made available all Baha'i institutions and individuals.
 * The group offered to consult with the National Spiritual Assembly about these recommendations.

They received no response from the Assembly at the time. However, the latter have since gone on record as welcoming gays and lesbians as members, as long as they make a "sincere and persistent effort to eradicate those aspects of their conduct." Presumably this means that they try to change their sexual orientation and/or remain celibate. More details below.

"The Bahai's and the homosexuals," at: www.studiedocumenten.googlepages.com/ This is a PDF file. Letter containing recommendations to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States from a gay-positive group is at: http://bahai-library.org/

There was no explicit answer, but the next general letter after it on the subject chose to completely ignore all the proposals and dig into the entrenched position it held earlier.

Current status of homosexuality in the Baha'i Faith:

Persons with homosexual, bisexual or transsexual orientation are all welcomed as members of the Baha'i Faith. As stated by a draft FAQ approved for distribution by the US National Spiritual Assembly:

"To regard homosexuals with prejudice and disdain would be entirely against the spirit of Baha'i Teachings. The doors are open for all of humanity to enter the Cause of God, irrespective of their present circumstances; this invitation applies to homosexuals as well as to any others who are engaged in practices contrary to the Baha'i Teachings."

"Associated with this invitation is the expectation that all believers will make a sincere and persistent effort to eradicate those aspects of their conduct which are not in conformity with Divine Law."

Any Baha'i member in good standing can be elected to any office within the Faith, regardless of their sexual orientation. However, gays and lesbians might be declared to be not in good standing if they flagrantly display their homosexuality. They are expected to make "sincere and persistent effort" to remain celibate.

A fundamental belief of the Baha'i Faith is that true science and religion cannot be in conflict. Sexual orientation continues to be studied by human sexuality researchers. In the West, a social and scientific consensus is being developed that

 * homosexuality is a natural, normal, unchosen, and acceptable variation of human sexuality for a minority of adults, and
 * an adult's sexual orientation is unchangeable or can only rarely be changed.

We expect that the Baha'i Faith will experience increasing conflicts over homosexuality and bisexuality in the West. Some will be escalating internal dissension, driven by Baha'i gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. They generally believe that their sexual orientation is natural and God-given; they want their religious group to recognize this.

There will also be external pressure from those in North America who accept recent scientific findings. Potential converts will be less likely to join a religion that treats minority sexual orientations as disorders. On the other hand, discrimination against gays, lesbians and bisexuals may well increase the growth of the Faith elsewhere in the world in those countries that oppress homosexuals and bisexuals.

Wilma Ellis, "Bahá’ís and homophobia," 2004-MAR-15, at: http://www.studiedocumenten.googlepages.com/ This is a PDF file. A "Draft FAQ: The Baha'i Faith and Homosexuality" prepared by Roger Reini on 1996-JAN-13 is available at: http://bahai-library.org/compilations/homosexuality.comp.html

I haven't seen any more proposals like it, but will keep looking for it. 50.178.142.148 (talk) 17:10, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Spelling Corrected! 50.178.142.148 (talk) 19:00, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

Shoghi Effendi's contribution
This is a minor point but I'd like to think about the clause that reads, "The Bahá'í position towards homosexuality was refined with the writings of Shoghi Effendi". The relevant definition (from Google) of "refine" is to "improve (something) by making small changes, in particular make (an idea, theory or method) more subtle and accurate". My opinion is that whether this accurately describes Shoghi Effendi's contribution is debatable. For example, I could imagine the following debates:
 * Since Shoghi Effendi made it clear that homosexual behavior is not permissible between Baha'is, calling this an "improvement" could be interpreted as prejudiced against the LGBT community. (To me "refine" also comes with the connotation of making something more sophisticated or cultured)
 * Some could argue that Shoghi Effendi "changed" existing teachings of the Faith, while others may argue that he didn't "change" anything, but rather "explained" what already existed.

In regard to the above two points, I think it's ultimately best to remain as neutral as possible. That is, we should be able to come up with a verb that captures the contribution Shoghi Effendi made without trying to label that contribution as "good" or "bad", and without trying to label that contribution as "making a change" or "not making a change". I'm open to suggestions. One approach might be to say that he "disambiguated" the matter, or solidified it in some way. I think it's accurate to say that before Shoghi Effendi wrote on the topic, an outsider would have had difficulty understanding the implications of the writings of Baha'u'llah on the subject, and afterward the situation was much clearer. I would be also interested in secondary sources and the language they use -- although I imagine that finding a neutral source will be difficult. Rm9820 (talk) 23:53, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

 * As the author of the offending verb, I suggest you be bold and refine it. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  06:25, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

religious truth-statement
The opening line "The Bahá'í Faith takes no position on the sexual practices of those who are not adherents." is apologetic nonsense that should be removed. Like all religions, the Baha'i Faith espouses objective truths about right and wrong based on the belief that they represent the Will of God and that their universal adoption will rebound to the improvement of society. Baha'i statements on homosexuality represent truth-statements which are never stratified by adherent status. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C4:A88:300:F11E:9A02:D782:408F (talk) 22:55, 18 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Done. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  04:58, 20 August 2019 (UTC)

 * But the statement was just moved to later in the paragraph and qualified with "Baha'i institutions." The source is a primary source that has a clear incentive to make itself look more tolerant than it really is. Baha'i institutions take no position on the sexual activities of non-Baha'is, but they do take the position that non-Baha'is should all become Baha'is, which basically negates the point. The article is replete with thinly veiled POV content. Adding another template at the top. Gazelle55 (talk) 00:17, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Update: I appreciate the addition of more sources describing criticism, so I am okay with the neutrality template having been removed. However, the article still relies very heavily on primary non-independent sources so I am restoring the other template. Gazelle55 (talk) 16:34, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Sorry about that, I was intending to finish revising the article but got distracted by other pages. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  17:15, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

 * What a god (from a religion X) believes is what this god from religion X believe, not what his followers believe he believe (unless he some strange god that believe at doing and believing at what people think he believe at). So there is no reason to call the believes of god X homophobes, racists and etc.... for saying god (of religion X) believe at Y, thats because the one who believe at that is god not themselves and even if they believe at that themselves it comes from a premise where god is omniscient and benevolent and if he says believing at Y must be done, then it must be done.179.162.70.82 (talk) 02:40, 17 April 2022 (UTC)

On conversion therapy
The sentence that reads "The reference to overcoming or reversing a sexual orientation has garnered considerable criticism from those who regard it as innate and unchangeable. Conversion therapy has been largely condemned by many medical organizations, particularly in the United States and United Kingdom, who see it as unethical to view a heterosexual orientation as preferable to a homosexual orientation." needs revision in my opinion. First the statement about "considerable" criticism is not cited. There is a citation for the issue causing controversy in this article, so perhaps that wording should be used instead? This sentence also implies the Baha'i Faith practices conversion therapy when it doesn't. Perhaps it's included because other religions have tried to use conversion therapy and assume the Baha'i Faith would too? Also, the Baha'i Faith teaches reliance on trustworthy doctors so if medical organizations were condemning something Baha'is would not do it. T0lk (talk) 05:59, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Be bold! Cuñado ☼ - Talk  20:19, 18 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baháʼí views on homosexuality


text:
File:CardigansLongGoneBeforeDaylight.jpg

Cardigans album, Long Gone Before Daylight ... scanned.

Fair use rationale for Long Gone Before Daylight

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 * The image does not replace the original market role of the single.
 * The image is low resolution.
 * The image has previously been published.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by identifying the subject of the article.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Withania somnifera

Withania somnifera, known commonly as ashwagandha  is an evergreen shrub in the Solanaceae or nightshade family that grows in India, the Middle East, and parts of Africa. Several other species in the genus Withania are morphologically similar.

The plant, particularly its root powder, has been used for centuries in traditional Indian medicine. Ashwagandha supplements, typically containing root or leaf powder or extracts, are commonly sold. Its use in herbal medicine and dietary supplements notwithstanding, there is insufficient scientific evidence that W. somnifera is safe or effective for treating any health condition or disease.

Description
This species is a short shrub growing 35-75 cm tall. Tomentose branches extend radially from a central stem. Leaves are dull green, elliptic, usually up to 10 – long. The flowers are small, green and bell-shaped. The ripe fruit is orange-red.

Etymology
The Latin species name somnifera means 'sleep-inducing'. The name ashwagandha is a combination of the Sanskrit words ', meaning 'horse', and ', meaning 'smell', reflecting that the root has a strong horse-like odor.

Cultivation
W. somnifera is cultivated in many of the drier regions of India. It is also found in Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, and Yemen. It prefers dry stony soil with sun to partial shade. It can be propagated from seeds in the early spring or from greenwood cuttings in the later spring.

Diseases and pests
Withania somnifera is prone to several pests and diseases. Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is the most prevalent disease, which occurs in a severe form in Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Leaf spot disease reduces the concentration of its secondary metabolites. The leaves are also prone to Alternaria dianthicola in India.

A treehopper (Oxyrachis tarandus) feeds on the apical portions of the stem, making them rough and woody in appearance and brown in colour.

The carmine red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is the most prevalent pest of the plant in India. In recent years, this plant has been serving as a new reservoir host for an invasive mealybug species Phenacoccus solenopsis.

Phytochemistry
The main phytochemical constituents of W. somnifera are withanolides, a group of triterpene lactones that include withaferin A, alkaloids, steroidal lactones, tropine, and cuscohygrine. Forty withanolides, twelve alkaloids, and various sitoindosides have been isolated from this plant species. Because these withanolides are structurally similar to the ginsenosides of Panax ginseng, W. somnifera is commonly referred to as "Indian ginseng".

Research
Limited, low-quality clinical studies have found that supplementation with various ashwagandha extracts may decrease perceived stress and anxiety, and improve sleep. Because the studies used different extract preparations, durations of use, doses, and types of subjects, it remains undetermined how ashwagandha may have effects in people, as of 2023.

Adverse effects
W. somnifera may cause adverse effects if taken alone or together with prescription drugs. A review of 30 clinical trials found that use of W. somnifera may cause problems with sleep, blurred vision, stomach pain, dry mouth, vertigo, among others. The most common side effects include diarrhea, headache, sedation, or nausea, and the product should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Ashwagandha may increase testosterone levels which could adversely interact with cancer medications.

title: Withania somnifera


text:
User:Douglebert

Douglebert

Interests include operations research, decision support systems, travel and related information, Internet, math and logic puzzles.

title: User:Douglebert


text:
Metallic K.O.

Metallic K.O. is a live recording by American hard rock band The Stooges. In its original form, the album was purported to contain the last half of a performance at the Michigan Palace in Detroit, on February 9, 1974—the band's final live performance until their reformation in 2003. The performance was notable for the level of audience hostility, with the band being constantly pelted with pieces of ice, eggs, beer bottles and jelly beans, among other things, in response to Iggy Pop's audience-baiting.

Subsequent investigation of the master tapes and the May 1988 release of the double album Metallic 2X K.O. reveals that the original album contained the last half of the February 9, 1974 show, but opened with the first half of an earlier show (from October 6, 1973) at the same venue. The 2X K.O. version features the full shows from both dates.

In 1998, the album was re-released under the original title with a reverse show order, (mostly) expanded track lengths and even more complete set-lists.

History
The album was recorded on a reel-to-reel tape machine by Michael Tipton, later obtained by Stooges guitarist James Williamson. Williamson's involvement and Iggy's endorsement meant it was considered a "semi-official" bootleg, when released on the Skydog label in 1976.

The album is mostly composed of previously unreleased material. Studio demo and rehearsal recordings of some of its songs later turned up on similarly semi-official posthumous Stooges compilations.

"I went to the radio station and challenged the Scorpions [motorcycle club] to come down and do their worst at my big show in Detroit," Iggy explained. "Which they proceeded to do. You can hear all sorts of things on the tape flying through the air: shovels, four-gallon jugs, M-80s… but our lady fans in the front rows threw a lot of beautiful underwear, which I thought was sweet."

The album proved popular, due to its release in the first era of punk rock and The Stooges' growing legend as protopunks. It outsold The Stooges' major label official releases, selling over 100,000 copies in America as an import in its first year alone.

Musical style
The album is notable for Iggy Pop's vulgar rendition of "Louie, Louie", which deviates wildly from the song's original lyrics. Overall, the playing on the album is ragged, and during "Rich Bitch" the band go out of time with each other, having to be coached back into the song by Iggy – "Gimme just the drums! It's the only way you're ever gonna get it right, take it down to the drums!". He then counts the other players back into the beat. In addition to long-time Stooges members Pop, Ron Asheton (bass guitar), Scott Asheton (drums), and Williamson (guitar), the line-up on the album features Scott Thurston on piano, who had become an official member of the band by this point.

Context by Lester Bangs
In the essay "Iggy Pop: Blowtorch in Bondage" critic Lester Bangs calls the album a "documentation of the Iggy holocaust at its most nihilistically out of control." He describes the Stooges concert he attended that immediately preceded the Metallic K.O. performances: The audience, which consisted largely of bikers, was unusually hostile, and Iggy, as usual, fed on that hostility, soaked it up and gave it back and absorbed it all over again in an eerie, frightening symbiosis. "All right," he finally said, stopping a song in the middle, "you assholes wanta hear 'Louie, Louie,' we'll give you 'Louie, Louie. So the Stooges played a forty-five-minute version of "Louie Louie," including new lyrics improvised by the Pop on the spot consisting of "You can suck my ass / You biker faggot sissies," etc.

By now the hatred in the room is one huge livid wave, and Iggy singles out one heckler who has been particularly abusive: "Listen, asshole, you heckle me one more time and I'm gonna come down there and kick your ass." "Fuck you, you little punk," responds the biker. So Iggy jumps off the stage, runs through the middle of the crowd, and the guy beats the shit out of him, ending the evening's musical festivities by sending the lead singer back to his motel room and a doctor. I walk into the dressing room, where I encounter the manager of the club offering to punch out anybody in the band who will take him on. The next day the bike gang, who call themselves the Scorpions, will phone WABX-FM and promise to kill Iggy and the Stooges if they play the Michigan Palace on Thursday night. They do (play, that is), and nobody gets killed, but Metallic K.O. is the only rock album I know where you can actually hear hurled beer bottles breaking against guitar strings.

Track listing
All songs written by Iggy Pop and James Williamson, except where noted.

Original 1976 release
There have been many wildly varying releases of Metallic K.O. over the years on many different labels. This track listing is based on the first release, the 1976 Skydog LP.

All tracks were recorded in Detroit's Michigan Palace. Side one was recorded on October 6, 1973; side two was recorded on February 9, 1974. The 1974 show was the final Stooges show until the band's reunion in 2003.

Side One: first half of the October 6, 1973 show

 * 1) "Raw Power" – (5:29)
 * 2) "Head On" – (7:23)
 * 3) "Gimme Danger" – (6:45)

Side Two: second half of the February 9, 1974 show

 * 1) "Rich Bitch" – (10:52)
 * 2) "Cock in My Pocket" – (3:21)
 * 3) "Louie Louie" (Richard Berry) – (3:24)

Metallic 2X K.O. 1988 release
This expanded version of the album includes the complete shows from both 1973 and 1974. The 1973 show is presented on sides one and two; the 1974 show is presented on sides three and four. The track times are taken from the original, vinyl release and do not include Iggy's audience baiting.

Side One: October 6, 1973 show

 * 1) "Raw Power" – (5:40)
 * 2) "Head On" – (7:26)
 * 3) "Gimme Danger" – (7:26)

Side Two: October 6, 1973 show

 * 1) "Search and Destroy" – (4:35)
 * 2) "Heavy Liquid" – (6:23)
 * 3) "I Wanna Be Your Dog" – (1:00)

Side Three: February 9, 1974 show

 * 1) "Open Up and Bleed" – (4:15)
 * 2) "I Got Nothin'" – (4:18)

Side Four: February 9, 1974 show

 * 1) "Rich Bitch" – (10:45)
 * 2) "Cock in My Pocket" – (3:23)
 * 3) "Louie Louie" (Richard Berry) – (3:20)

Metallic K.O. 1998 re-release (82:39)
In 1998, Jungle Records re-released the album with a reverse show order, (mostly) expanded track lengths and more complete set-lists.

Disc One: February 9, 1974 show (38:40)

 * 1) "Heavy Liquid" – (3.24)
 * 2) "I Got Nothin'" – (4:29)
 * 3) "Rich Bitch" – (11:46)
 * 4) "Gimme Danger" – (8:12)
 * 5) "Cock in My Pocket" – (7:08)
 * 6) "Louie Louie" (Richard Berry) – (3:41)

Disc Two: October 6, 1973 show (43:59)

 * 1) "Raw Power" – (5:47)
 * 2) "Head On" – (8:30)
 * 3) "Gimme Danger" – (7:11)
 * 4) "Search and Destroy" – (8:44)
 * 5) "Heavy Liquid" (including "I Wanna Be Your Dog") – (9:52)
 * 6) "Open Up and Bleed" – (3.55)

Personnel

 * The Stooges
 * Iggy Pop – lead vocals
 * James Williamson – guitar
 * Ron Asheton – bass, backing vocals
 * Scott Asheton – drums
 * Scott Thurston – piano, backing vocals, harmonica

title: Metallic K.O.


text:
Contact (musical)

Contact is a musical "dance play" that was developed by Susan Stroman and John Weidman, with its "book" by Weidman and both choreography and direction by Stroman. It ran both off-Broadway and on Broadway in 1999–2002. It consists of three separate one-act dance plays.

Productions
Contact premiered at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater, Lincoln Center, on September 9, 1999 (after 1999 workshop productions of parts of the show), then moved to Broadway at the Vivian Beaumont Theater, Lincoln Center, on March 30, 2000, and played for 1,010 performances there.

The show was received with critical acclaim and won the 2000 Tony Award for Best Musical (among others). The award was controversial because Contact contains no original music or live singing, and in response, a new award for Best Special Theatrical Event was introduced the following year.

A West End production opened at the Queen's Theatre in October 2002, and closed on May 10, 2003. The musical toured from May 2001 to June 2002, and started again in November 2002 in Toronto.

The original cast album was released on March 6, 2001. PBS included the show's final performance in its program Live from Lincoln Center on September 1, 2002. It won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Classical Music-Dance Program.

Regional productions
Among regional productions, the musical was presented by the Virginia Stage Company (Norfolk, Virginia) in April 2006. This was the first regional theater in the US to present Contact after the Broadway, national tour and London productions and was directed by Tome Cousin, an original cast member (who was chosen by Stroman to direct).

The show was produced at the North Shore Music Theatre (Beverly, Massachusetts) in June 2008, with Jarrod Emick and Naomi Hubert and directed by Tomé Cousin. In conjunction with the Sarasota Ballet, the Asolo Repertory Theatre's October 23 – November 22, 2009 at the Mertz Theatre in Sarasota, Florida starred Shannon Lewis, Feltcher McTaggart, Sean Ewing, Nadine Isenegger, Ariel Shepley, Steven Sofia, and Wilson Mendieta. Directed by Tome' Cousin

The featured SIMPLY IRRESISTIBLE section was presented February 28, 2011 during the Vineyard Theatre's Susan Stroman Gala "STRO" at the Hudson Theatre NYC. Directed / staged by Tome' Cousin

The featured SIMPLY IRRESISTIBLE section was presented numerous times by the American Dance Machine For The 21st Century at New York City's City Center and also during its Joyce Theater November 11 – 16, 2014 engagement.

International productions
The musical was produced by Mupa Budapest at the Madách Theatre in Budapest, Hungary in 2009, with choreography by Tome Cousin, and featured leading ballet dancers of the Hungarian State Opera and members of KFKI Chamber Ballet.

The show was produced in the West End at the Queen's Theatre starting on October 3, 2002 (previews) and officially on October 23. It closed on May 10, 2003.

The musical was produced in Lodz, Poland at the Opera Lodz in 2010. Directed / Choreographed by Tome' Cousin

The Musical Theater Academy of Shanghai, China presented the musical on December 19, 2014, and a revival in April 2015 Directed / Choreographed by Tome' Cousin

In 2010/2011 and again in 2017 the musical was produced in Seoul, Korea by the OD Musical Company. Both versions starred Joo Won Kim, Homin Kim, Kyoung Hoon Choi, Ji Sun Kim, Dong Ju Kang, and Sam Jin Lee. Directed by Tome' Cousin

Background
According to a 1999 Playbill article, the musical was inspired by an experience that Stroman had "when she visited a dance club in the Meat Market district. There she witnessed a fascinating woman in a yellow dress who took turns dancing with different partners throughout the night. Watching from the sidelines, Stroman thought, 'she's going to change someone's life tonight.'"

Robin Pogrebin wrote in The New York Times in 1999 of Stroman visiting a swing club and noticing a dancer in a yellow dress. "The woman would step up to the dance floor as a song was beginning and nod or shake her head at the various men asking to be her partner. Then, after holding everyone's attention with her nervy grace, she would disappear into the crowd. What came out of this was Contact... "

The same origin was related in an article in The New Yorker, written by John Lahr in 2014: “'Into this sea of dark fashion stepped a girl in a yellow dress,' Stroman recalled. 'You couldn’t help but notice her: it was a very bold color to wear at night—lemon yellow—the same color you find on a traffic light. When she wanted to dance, she would step away from the bar and some man would ask her to dance.'"

Structure, music and story
Contact is made up of three separate dance pieces, each set to pre-recorded music, including from Tchaikovsky, Stéphane Grappelli, the Squirrel Nut Zippers, Royal Crown Revue, and The Beach Boys. In each story, the central character expresses a longing to make a romantic connection.

All three stories concern "contact", or its lack.

 * Part One – "Swinging"
 * "Swinging", set in an 18th-century French forest clearing, can be described as a contact improvisation on Fragonard's The Swing a print of which is displayed on an easel when the audience arrives. Sex and concealed identity are involved in this piece of amoral intrigue – a servant and his master each seeks the young lady's affection.  Much of the action takes place on a moving swing.

 * Part Two – "Did You Move?"
 * "Did You Move?", set in circa 1954 in Queens, New York, takes place in an Italian restaurant, focusing on the empty marriage of a small-time gangster and his wife. The wife has extensive dance sequences as she fantasizes about escaping her verbally abusive spouse, but each time is returned rudely to reality. Set to recorded orchestral music of Tchaikovsky and Grieg.

 * Part Three – "Contact"
 * "Contact" is set in contemporary time, and explores the emptiness of the career-driven lives of Manhattan apartment dwellers. A lonely advertising executive on the brink of suicide is somehow transported to a bar, where he encounters a stunning woman in a yellow dress. To win her and take control of his life, he must gain the confidence to make contact with another human being. It helped to create a surge of interest in acrobatic and rock and roll swing dancing.

Musical numbers
Sources:Amazon.com; Internet Broadway Database

 * Act I
 * Swinging
 * My Heart Stood Still (Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart) – Stéphane Grappelli
 * Did You Move?
 * Anitra's Dance (Edvard Grieg) – New York Philharmonic Orchestra, cond. Leonard Bernstein
 * Waltz from Eugene Onegin, Op. 24 (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) – New York Philharmonic Orchestra, cond. Leonard Bernstein
 * Farandole (Georges Bizet) – New York Philharmonic Orchestra, cond. Leonard Bernstein

 * Act II
 * You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You – Boyd Gaines (the version in the show was performed by Dean Martin)
 * Contact
 * Put a Lid on It – Squirrel Nut Zippers
 * Sweet Lorraine – Stéphane Grappelli
 * Runaround Sue – Dion DiMucci
 * Beyond the Sea – Royal Crown Revue
 * See What I Mean? – Al Cooper and His Savoy Sultans
 * Simply Irresistible – Robert Palmer
 * Do You Wanna Dance? – The Beach Boys
 * Topsy – Royal Crown Revue
 * Sing, Sing, Sing (Louis Prima) – Benny Goodman and His Orchestra
 * Sweet Lorraine (reprise) – Stéphane Grappelli
 * Curtain Call
 * Moondance – Van Morrison

Original Broadway cast and replacements
Source: Internet Broadway Database

 * Jason Antoon
 * John Bolton (standby)
 * Boyd Gaines
 * Jack Hayes
 * Robert Wersinger
 * Scott Taylor
 * Deborah Yates
 * Karen Ziemba
 * Stephanie Michels
 * Seán Martin Hingston
 * Mayumi Miguel
 * Tome' Cousin
 * Peter Gregus
 * Rocker Verastique
 * Nina Goldman
 * Pascale Faye
 * Dana Stackpole
 * Shannon Hammons
 * David MacGillivray
 * Holly Cruikshank (standby)
 * Danny Herman (swing)
 * Steve Geary (swing)

 * Violetta Klimczewska (replacement)
 * Alan Campbell (replacement)
 * Charlotte d'Amboise (replacement)
 * Colleen Dunn (replacement)
 * Gigi Chavoshi (replacement)
 * Danny Mastrogiorgio (replacement)
 * D.W. Moffett (replacement)
 * Shannon Lewis (Principal standby)
 * Rebecca Sherman (replacement)
 * Leeanna Smith (swing)
 * Angelique Ilo (swing)
 * Adam Zotovitch (swing)
 * Andy Blankenbuehler (replacement)
 * Stacey Todd Holt (swing)
 * Kelly Sullivan (swing)
 * Rod McCune (swing)
 * David Gomez (swing)
 * Robert Armitage (swing)

Mary Ann Lamb (replacement)

West End cast

 * Helen Anker
 * Gavin Lee
 * Michael Praed
 * Sarah Wildor
 * Leigh Zimmerman
 * Lucy Casson

Critical response
Ben Brantley, in his review in The New York Times of the production at the Newhouse, wrote: "...Stroman... aided by the dramatist John Weidman and a dream ensemble of dancing actors and acting dancers, has created the unthinkable: a new musical throbbing with wit, sex appeal and a perfectionist's polish. Brimming with a sophistication that is untainted by the usual fin-de-siecle cynicism, Contact restores the pleasure principle to the American musical. It's the kinetic equivalent of Rodgers and Hart."

title: Contact (musical)


text:
Trash (video game)

Trash is a real-time strategy computer game developed by Inhuman Games for the Microsoft Windows operating systems. It was released on September 20, 2005.

Storyline
The game takes place in a post-apocalyptic future where, after the great nuclear war of 2015, peace treaties were signed, nuclear weapons were destroyed, and civilization was slowly rebuilt. However, 8 years after treaties were signed, a fleet of alien ships appeared outside Earth's atmosphere. Several super weapons were fired from the largest of the alien spacecraft, the resulting explosions causing major alterations to Earth's geography. Fearing for the lives of every human on earth, the United States Government unleashed its hidden nuclear arsenal on the alien ships. The resulting explosions rained down onto the planet, causing buildings to be destroyed and the air to be poisoned by radiation. As a result, in 10 hours, 5 of the 9 billion humans on Earth were killed.

The remaining smaller alien ships traveled into Earth's atmosphere, but never landed due to resistance by the remaining humans on earth.

After the alien ships left, mutants slowly began to appear, initially doing nothing more than raiding human settlements for building materials and kidnapping humans. As these incidents were few and far between, and by now many people had lost much of their families and other social contacts, most of these went unnoticed.

However, the mutants had their own plans. The mutants were hybrids of the aliens that came to conquer Earth. They injected captured humans with their own DNA, causing them to mutate. Eventually, the mutants' forces were strong enough to take on the humans. The mutants deployed their forces, and the war between the humans and mutants began.

Gameplay
Trash consists of two species: Humans and Mutants. A machine race is to be added in a sequel, but for now this has been left out as Inhuman Games is a very small team, and want to focus their efforts on the humans and mutants.

The gameplay is focused mostly on multiplayer skirmishes. There are now single player campaigns, although they are still in beta mode, and there is an AI for single player skirmishes though it is not highly advanced. One integral feature is that if a human and a mutant are allied then they are able to benefit from each other's technology; something that most games do not allow. This does somewhat contradict the game story, but the story is not a central focus of the gameplay.

The main resource in the game, used by both races, is trash. Trash is used as a building material for almost every unit in the game. It must be collected by Dump Trucks or Thralls, which are the collection and building units for humans and mutants respectively. Both of these units are collectively referred to as peons.

There are two other resources in the game, Gas and People. Gas is used as a resource only by humans, while people are as a resource only used by mutants. Gas is gathered by building a refinery on top of a gas site. The refineries in Trash, unlike such buildings in other games such as StarCraft, do not require continuous collection. People are acquired from unarmed huts, and must be collected by thralls.

In addition to that, there are special building sites in the game. Most core buildings can be built without the need of a special site. Such buildings mainly include unit-producing buildings and resource buildings. There are three types of sites in Trash, they are: toxic waste sites, precious metal sites, and gas sites. Every race has upgrades for units or special structures which can only be built on such sites. Destroying a structure built on such a site does not destroy the site however the site can be destroyed by a military unit, unless it is a gas site. Gas sites, however, must be discovered through special detection and are generally rather more scarce than the other sites.

Structures in Trash must be connected together by pipe. Pipe is an inexpensive structure that is built together, and forms the basis of logistics in Trash. Unlike other RTS games where resources seem to magically pop from one place to another where needed, in Trash they must travel through pipe. This also applies to technologies which are researched. Technology can be shared with an allied player by constructing a pipe to link your pipe system with your ally's. If the pipe between two bases of the same player is broken, the two bases become effectively isolated, as a result, the resource indicator is divided into two in order to show readings for each base. Then the player can only use the resources available on one pipe network for building on that network, unless the pipe is rebuilt.

Multiplayer games
Multiplayer games are organised via a central game lobby, where gamers meet to chat and play games. Unlike most RTS games, Trash has a client–server architecture for networking, so people behind a firewall can host games. This also dramatically reduces lag, especially if both players are on dial-up.

Reception
The game was given the 2005 Multiplayer Game of the Year award by GameTunnel.

title: Trash (video game)


text:
Ennerdale

Ennerdale may refer to:
 * Ennerdale, Cumbria, a valley in the Lake District in England
 * Ennerdale and Kinniside, a civil parish in Cumbria
 * Ennerdale Water, a lake in Ennerdale, Cumbria
 * Ennerdale Bridge, a nearby settlement
 * Ennerdale, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
 * Ennerdale Link Bridges, see River Hull

 * RFA Ennerdale, the name given to a number of vessels of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (UK)

title: Ennerdale


text: Category:Lactones

title: Category:Lactones


text:
List of African countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

This is a list of African countries by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). GDP (PPP) per capita is given in international dollars.

Note that the list excludes overseas departments Mayotte and Réunion (France), both west of Mauritius.


text:
Västerås SK

Västerås SK is a Swedish sports club located in Västerås, with several sections:

 * Västerås SK Bandy - men's bandy
 * Västerås SK Bandy (women) - women's bandy
 * Västerås SK Fotboll - football
 * Västerås SK Hockey - ice hockey

title: Västerås SK


text:
Fairway

Fairway may refer to:

 * Fairway (golf), part of a golf course
 * Fairway (navigation), a part of a water body with navigable channel
 * Fairway (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Fairway, Gauteng, South Africa
 * Fairway, Kansas, United States
 * Fairway, Lexington, neighborhood in Lexington, Kentucky, United States
 * Fairway Market, an American grocery chain based mostly in New York City
 * Fairway Markets, a grocery chain on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada
 * Fairway, a version of London's Austin FX4 taxicab

title: Fairway


text:
Fairwood

Fairwood may refer to:

South Africa

 * Fairwood, Gauteng, a suburb of Johannesburg

United Kingdom

 * Fairwood, Swansea, an electoral ward of Swansea, Wales
 * Fairwood, Wiltshire, a hamlet in England
 * Fairwood Common, an area of common land in the Gower Peninsula, Wales

United States

 * Fairwood, Maryland, a census-designated place
 * Fairwood, Spokane County, Washington, a census-designated place in Spokane County
 * Fairwood, King County, Washington, a census-designated place in King County
 * Robandee-Fairwood, a neighborhood of Kansas City, Missouri, South Kansas City

Other uses

 * Fairwood (restaurant), fast-food restaurant chain in Hong Kong and China
 * Fairwood Press, American publishing company
 * SS Fairwood, a Hansa A Type cargo ship in service 1960-63

title: Fairwood


text:
Talk:Dibër County

Deletion?
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Talk:Berat County

Deletion?
As there is already a page (Counties of Albania) that provides exactly this information, just in a tabular format, should this, and other individual county articles, be deleted? -Soltak 00:18, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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text:
Gus Mancuso

August Rodney Mancuso (December 5, 1905 – October 26, 1984), nicknamed "Blackie", was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout and radio sports commentator. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball with the St. Louis Cardinals (1928, 1930–32, 1941–42), New York Giants (1933–38, 1942–44), Chicago Cubs (1939), Brooklyn Dodgers (1940) and Philadelphia Phillies (1945).

Mancuso was known for his capable handling of pitching staffs and for his on-field leadership abilities. He was a member of five National League pennant-winning teams, and played as the catcher for five pitchers who were eventually inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Mancuso was regarded as one of the top defensive catchers of the 1930s.

Baseball career
Mancuso was born in Galveston, Texas to the son of a Sicilian immigrant and the daughter of German immigrants. His father died in his forties and his mother continued to support the family by working as a midwife. Mancuso first began to play baseball as a nine-year-old. After graduating from high school, he went to work as a teller at a bank although, he was hired more for his talent as a baseball player than as a teller, playing as a member of the bank's baseball team. He eventually caught the attention of the President of the Houston Buffaloes of the Texas League, and began his professional baseball career with them in 1925.

In 1927, he hit for a .372 batting average for the Syracuse Stars in the International League. He made his Major League debut with the St. Louis Cardinals at the age of 22 on April 30, 1928, and stayed with them until July, when he was sent to the Minneapolis Millers in the American Association. He spent 1929 with St. Louis's American Association farm club, the Rochester Red Wings and with Houston.

The Cardinals returned Mancuso to the major leagues in 1930, primarily because of a contract dispute with Branch Rickey that made Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis void Mancuso's minor league contract. He served as a reserve catcher to Jimmie Wilson who Mancuso considered one of the best catchers of the era.

Although they competed for the same job, the veteran Wilson provided Mancuso with valuable help in learning the intricacies of catching in the major leagues. Mancuso became a student of the game, learning to study the daily box scores to learn the strengths and weaknesses of opposing teams. On September 12, Wilson sprained his ankle and would not play for the rest of the season. Mancuso rose to the occasion, ending the season with a .366 batting average during a hitters' year when the league average was above .300 for the first and only time.

The Cardinals won the National League pennant but, eventually lost to Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics in the 1930 World Series.

In 1931 Mancuso was once again the reserve catcher to Wilson, leading the league with a 54.3% caught stealing percentage as the Cardinals won their second consecutive National League pennant.

The 1931 World Series was a rematch with the Athletics as the Cardinals were victorious in a seven-game series. Mancuso only had one plate appearance during the series as a late-inning pinch hitter. During the 1932 season, Wilson turned 32 years old and shared the catching duties with Mancuso who caught 82 games to Wilson's 75 and hit for a .284 average.

Mancuso was traded to the New York Giants before the 1933 season where new manager Bill Terry was rebuilding the team after the resignation of longtime manager John McGraw. Terry wanted to build his team around speed, defense and pitching. He replaced the slow-footed Shanty Hogan and installed the agile Mancuso as the Giants' starting catcher. Terry allowed Mancuso to be in charge of the Giants' pitching staff that included; Carl Hubbell's sharp-breaking screwball, Hal Schumacher's diving sinker ball, Freddie Fitzsimmons' knuckleball and Roy Parmelee who threw a variety of different pitches.

Under Mancuso's guidance, the Giants' pitching staff led the National League in earned run average as the team won their first pennant in nine years. Although Mancuso led National League catchers in errors and passed balls, he also led in games played, baserunners caught stealing, putouts and, finished second in assists and in range factor. The Giants went on to defeat the Washington Senators in the 1933 World Series. Terry credited Mancuso as a major factor in moving the Giants from sixth place in 1932 to World Series champions in 1933.

In an Associated Press poll of sportswriters, Mancuso finished second to the Yankees' Bill Dickey as the majors league's all-star catcher based on his ability to handle pitchers so skillfully. Mancuso ranked sixth in voting for the 1933 National League Most Valuable Player Award.

In 1934, the Giants finished in second place, two games behind the eventual world champion St. Louis Cardinals, as Mancuso had an off-year with his batting average dropping almost twenty points along with 10 fewer runs batted in.

In 1935 Mancuso improved to hit for a .298 batting average with five home runs, and 56 runs batted in. He also earned a spot as a reserve for the National League team in the 1935 All-Star Game.

He had his best season in 1936, hitting for a .301 batting average with career-highs of nine home runs and 63 runs batted in as the Giants once again claimed the National League pennant. He led the league's catchers in putouts, baserunners caught stealing, finished second in assists and, once again guided the Giants' pitching staff to the lowest earned run average in the league. The Giants would go down in defeat against the powerful New York Yankees in the 1936 World Series. Mancuso finished the year ranked eighth in voting for the 1936 National League Most Valuable Player Award.

In 1937, Mancuso was hitting for a .283 average at mid-season to earn his second berth as a reserve for the National League team in the 1937 All-Star Game. A few days after the All-Star Game, a foul tip broke the ring finger on Mancuso's right hand. Harry Danning replaced him and played well enough that, when Mancuso was healthy again, the two shared the catching duties for the rest of the season.

The Giants clinched their second consecutive National League pennant and, once again faced the New York Yankees in the 1937 World Series. Mancuso started the first two World Series games but, when he went hitless, Danning took over as the Yankees went on to win the series in five games. Danning took over as the Giants' starting catcher for the 1938 season with Mancuso hitting a respectable .348 with a .411 on-base percentage in 52 games.

The Giants traded Mancuso to the Chicago Cubs before the 1939 season where he shared catching duties with 38-year-old player-manager Gabby Hartnett. He ended the season with a .231 batting average with only two home runs and 17 runs batted in. With the shortage of major league players due to the Second World War, Mancuso saw his career extended for another four years. He played the 1940 season with the Brooklyn Dodgers before the Cardinals brought him back to St. Louis for the 1941 season. Mancuso helped develop the Cardinals' rookie catcher and future star, Walker Cooper but, when Cooper was injured, Mancuso caught the majority of the Cardinals' games in 1941. He was credited with helping the Cardinals to a second-place finish due to his work with rookie pitchers Ernie White (17-7) and Howie Krist (10-0), but only managed to post a .229 batting average.

Mancuso returned to the Giants in 1942 as a backup catcher and pitching coach. When Harry Danning was drafted into the United States Army, Mancuso became the club's starting catcher at age 37, sharing the job with 35-year-old future Hall of Fame member, Ernie Lombardi for the 1943 and 1944 seasons.

At the end of the 1944 season, one month before his 39th birthday, he was released by the Giants. Former teammate Freddie Fitzsimmons was managing the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945 and, convinced Mancuso to play one more season as a catcher and full-time pitching coach. He caught 70 games while sharing catching duties with Andy Seminick but, when Fitzsimmons was fired, Mancuso left the club before the end of the season, playing his final game on September 11 at the age of 40.

Career statistics
In a seventeen-year major league career, Mancuso played in 1,460 games, accumulating 1,194 hits in 4,505 at bats for a .265 career batting average along with 53 home runs, 543 runs batted in, and an on-base percentage of .328. He retired with a .977 fielding percentage. A two-time All-Star, he led National League catchers three times in putouts, and twice in baserunners caught stealing and in range factor. His 50.69% career caught stealing percentage ranks 10th all-time among major league catchers. Mancuso was a member of five pennant-winning teams. He caught for five pitchers who were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (Carl Hubbell, Grover Cleveland Alexander, Dizzy Dean, Burleigh Grimes and Jesse Haines). In his book, The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, baseball historian Bill James ranked Mancuso 74th all-time among major league catchers.

Coaching and broadcasting career
In 1946, Mancuso became the player-manager of the minor league Tulsa Oilers and in 1948 he took over as manager of the San Antonio Missions. In 1950, he was hired as the pitching coach for the Cincinnati Reds.

Mancuso began a career as a broadcaster in 1951 with his hometown Houston team in the Texas League. He later moved to St. Louis where he worked with play-by-play announcer Harry Caray on the Cardinals' radio network until 1954. He then served as a scout for the St. Louis Cardinals and the Houston Colt .45s. His younger brother, Frank Mancuso, also was a major league catcher in the mid-1940s. In 1962 Mancuso was seriously injured in a traffic accident which killed his wife, Lorena Mancuso.

Mancuso was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1981 and was elected to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 1984. Mancuso contracted emphysema and died in 1984 at the age of 78 in Houston, Texas.

title: Gus Mancuso


text:
Fellside

Fellside may refer to:
 * Fellside, Gauteng, South Africa
 * Fellside, Kendal, England
 * Fellside, Tyne and Wear, England

title: Fellside


text:
User:CooldogCongo

To create and add economic templates to all African nations

 * Update all information to 2005 statistics

 * Templates Completed

 * Economy of Angola
 * Economy of Algeria
 * Economy of Benin
 * Economy of Botswana
 * Economy of Burkina Faso
 * Economy of Burundi
 * Economy of Cameroon
 * Economy of Cape Verde
 * Economy of Chad
 * Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)
 * Economy of Ethiopia
 * Economy of Guinea-Bissau
 * Economy of Mauritania
 * Economy of Sudan
 * Economy of Tanzania

 * "In progress all others in Africa except South Africa as it its well documented from what I have seen.

Create economic templates for other nations without them

 * Completed

 * Economy of Azerbaijan
 * Economy of Armenia
 * Economy of Canada
 * Economy of Kazakhstan
 * Economy of Saudi Arabia
 * Economy of Turkmenistan
 * Economy of Tajikistan

Other Projects

 * Military of Sri Lanka{updated)

 * Created the following pages
 * Sri Lankan Army
 * Sri Lankan Navy
 * Sri Lankan Air Force

 * Military of Egypt

Created follwing pages
 * Egyptian Army{extremely basic)

 * Bank of Tanzania{basic, image needed)

===
 * Economy of Sri Lanka

 * If you wish to help me re-organize the economic templates for Africa in particular contact me.

title: User:CooldogCongo


text:
Warren Railroad

The Warren Railroad was a railroad in Warren County, New Jersey, that served as part of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's mainline from 1856 to 1911.

History
The Warren Railroad was chartered on February 12, 1851, by special act of the state of New Jersey, to provide a connection from the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's (DL&W) terminus at the Delaware River to Hampton, New Jersey, on the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), in anticipation of a merger between the two railroads. The railroad's date of organization was March 4, 1853, and construction began that June.

Terrain made the Warren expensive to build, requiring a large amount of excavation, three large bridges, and two tunnels.

DL&W began operating on the railway on May 28, 1856, from Delaware, New Jersey, to Hampton, and continuing over CNJ to Jersey City. DL&W formally leased the Warren Railroad in October 1857.

The tracks were originally gauge, continuous with the DL&W's Pennsylvania tracks. A third rail was added to CNJ's track.

When the railroad opened in 1856, the Van Nest Gap Tunnel was not yet completed, and a temporary track was used. The tunnel was completed in September 1862, and the temporary track removed.

Merger talks between the DL&W and CNJ broke down and on December 10, 1868, the DL&W signed a lease for the Morris & Essex Railroad (M&E), effective January 1, 1869. The DL&W then shifted their mainline off of CNJ to the M&E with a new junction at Washington, New Jersey. While the Warren Railroad was straight from the DL&W's former terminus at the Delaware River to the CNJ, its route to the M&E was circuitous. Additionally, the section between the Washington and Hampton (later called the Hampton Branch) was deemed useless.

The M&E was originally built to a gauge of, but was converted to in July 1866. After the DL&W lease, a third rail was added for 66 mi from Washington eastward to Hoboken from 1869-1870. DL&W's tracks from Scranton to Washington were converted to on May 27, 1876. The unused third rail on the M&E was subsequently removed.

The Lackawanna Cut-Off was built to minimize grades and curves, and to avoid the operational problems of the Warren Railroad. The Cut-Off was completed in 1911, becoming the new mainline of the DL&W. This relegated the Warren Railroad and the M&E line west of Port Morris Junction to a branch line known as the Lackawanna Old Road, starting the railroad's decline.

In 1945, DL&W officially bought the Warren Railroad. In 1955 revenue freight service ended on the Hampton Branch; the last train to operate on the line was a work train in 1956. The line was officially abandoned in 1958. The grand Changewater truss bridge and Route 31 bridge in Hampton were removed in April 1959. Trackage remained intact until 1963 when Erie Lackawanna removed all of it.

Hurricane Diane caused extensive damage to the line at Delaware and Manunka Chunk in 1955. The PRR junction was soon abandoned. The Old Road Branch was then single tracked from Washington to Delaware.

Storm damage in 1968 near Oxford, New Jersey, led to the railroad's demise. All remaining trackage was removed by April 1970 between Washington and Delaware. Track remained in Delaware for some time after the line south to Washington was torn up because it was needed for coal train back ups from the Portland power plant. Track was later shortened to the truss bridge over the Delaware River by 1980. Until about 15 years ago, coal trains still backed out on the truss bridge.

Connections
Two connections from other railroads were made to the Warren Railroad.

The Blairstown Railway opened in 1877, from a connection to the Warren Railroad in Delaware to Blairstown. While the Blairstown Railway was a partial thoroughfare for the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad and the Lehigh & New England Railroad, the section from Delaware to Hainesburg was just a vestigial branch line known as the Delaware Branch, which was abandoned in 1928.

The Belvidere Delaware Railroad (Bel Del) was extended north from Belvidere, New Jersey, to form a junction with the Warren Railroad at Manunka Chunk, which opened on May 16, 1864. The Pennsylvania Railroad operated to East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, via trackage rights. Passenger service ceased in 1952, and the tracks north of Belvidere to the junction were washed out by Hurricane Diane in 1955.

The Lehigh and Hudson River Railway crossed beneath the Warren Railroad south of Bridgeville, without an interchange.

title: Warren Railroad


text:
Talk:Honesdale, Pennsylvania

Dying
"Honesdale is located in a rural area that provides many recreational opportunities including: boating, fishing, hiking, hunting, skiing, biking, dying and rafting." ... Dying? Is a recreational opportunity? Strange town.71.63.15.156 (talk) 01:46, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Citation for Rollison
The lead section contains the sentence "The city is best known for famous African-American storyteller, Alex Rollison." The citation needed tag has been removed a few times but no citation has given. Does anyone have a citation for this claim (see verifiability policy) or is there any reference indicating Alex Rollison is notable? If so, please add it. If not, the sentence should be removed. Thanks, Alanraywiki (talk) 01:09, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Drus
Why is there so much herion in honedales 66.180.26.151 (talk) 23:48, 16 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Honesdale, Pennsylvania


text:
Talk:Liquor store

Proposed un-merge of "Off license"
While the term "Off license" is related to a shop's ability to sell alcohol, this does not mean that shops which term themselves "Off licenses", at least here in the UK -- which I believe is the centre of gravity for this terminology -- resemble in any way the Liquor stores that are the focus of this article. Liquor is very much a minority of what Off Licenses here sell -- they sell a wide variety of foodstuffs, cleaning products, basic toiletries and stationary supplies, etc. They are far more analogous to mini-mart, superette, or especially a New York-style Bodega than to a liquor store. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.29.120.39 (talk) 11:29, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Beer shop into Liquor store
The distinction is murky given that the beer shop article concedes that beer shops can sell wine as well. There's also an WP:ENGVAR problem in that bottle shop redirects to liquor store because the two are synonyms in a lot of the world, but in the UK a bottle shop specialises in craft beer. This would be resolved by the merger. Also the beer shop article is pretty skimpy and half of it is about licensing which is covered in more depth by the main liquor store article. FlagSteward (talk) 21:20, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
 * After three months with no opposition, I think you're good to merge the two articles. Joyous! | Talk 04:45, 5 March 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 07:29, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

Not to be confused with The Liquor Store seems unnecessary
The article starts with a Distinguish template for The Liquor Store, a single business venue in Portland, Oregon, that opened in 2015 and closed in 2020. That this admonishment not to be confused was needed at all seems unlikely, it's more an advertisement for the business than anything, and it's certainly not relevant any longer. Chabala (talk) 23:26, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liquor store


text: User:User-green

title: User:User-green


text:
List of countries by income equality

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has no income).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

 * Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:
 * R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
 * R/P 20%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
 * Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
 * UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
 * CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

EU27 countries
Note: Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series. Blue-coloured cells indicate estimated values.

Source: Eurostat, “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey”

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers
Source:

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers
Source:

title: List of countries by income equality


text:
User talk:AllStarBri22

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:AllStarBri22


text: File:MIUCover.jpg

title: File:MIUCover.jpg


text:
List of Asian countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

This is a list of Asian countries by GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity. All figures are given in international dollars and are the latest estimates from the International Monetary Fund. Countries with contiguous boundaries that are partially (but not entirely) located in Asia are shown here in italics, but GDP per capita figures are given for the whole state. Dependent territories (not sovereign states) are not ranked, and are also shown in italics.


text:
PNG Air

PNG Air is an airline based on the grounds of Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. It operates scheduled domestic and international flights, as well as contract corporate charter work. Its main base is Jacksons International Airport.

History
The airline was originally established and started operations on 30 June 1987 as Milne Bay Air. It operated as a charter company in the resource development industry. The airline obtained an RPT (scheduled passenger services) licence in September 1992 and received its airline licence in March 1997. With its headquarters and main operating base set in Port Moresby, there are also support staff in Cairns, Australia. PNG Air has 750 staff. In 2008 the airline was listed on the Port Moresby Stock Exchange.

In November 2015, the airline rebranded and unveiled a new livery. It also received its first ATR 72-600 aircraft, to become the backbone of the fleet by 2020.

Destinations
PNG Air operates scheduled passenger flights to the following destinations:

 * Papua New Guinea
 * Alotau – Gurney Airport
 * Buka – Buka Airport
 * Daru – Daru Airport
 * Goroka – Goroka Airport
 * Hoskins – Hoskins Airport
 * Kiunga – Kiunga Airport
 * Aropa – Kieta Airport
 * Kavieng – Kavieng Airport
 * Lae – Lae Airport
 * Lihir Island – Kunaye Airport
 * Losuia – Losuia Airport
 * Madang – Madang Airport
 * Misima – Misima Airport
 * Moro – Moro Airport
 * Mount Hagen – Mount Hagen Airport
 * Popondetta – Girua Airport
 * Port Moresby – Jacksons International Airport hub
 * Rabaul / Kokopo – Rabaul Airport
 * Tabubil – Tabubil Airport
 * Tari – Tari Airport
 * Vanimo – Vanimo Airport
 * Wewak – Wewak Airport
 * Wapenamanda – Wapenamanda Airport
 * Wapenamanda – Wapenamanda Airport

 * Australia
 * Cairns – Cairns Airport

 * Indonesia
 * Jayapura - Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport

Future Destinations

 * Kepulauan Aru – Benjina Airport

Fleet
The PNG Air fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of February 2020):

Incidents and accidents

 * On 15 December 1992, a Milne Bay Air Britten-Norman Islander aircraft struck a mountain near Alotau, Papua New Guinea. Six people were killed.
 * On 12 July 1995, a Milne Bay Air de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft exploded and crashed into shallow water shortly after takeoff from Dagura Airport. Thirteen people were killed.
 * On 11 May 1996, a Milne Bay Air Britten-Norman Islander flew into a valley surrounded by high terrain near Oumba. Pilot attempted a 180 degree turn, but crashed into trees. One passenger was killed.
 * On 9 July 1996, a Milne Bay Air Twin Otter aircraft struck a mountain in cloudy conditions on approach to Mendi. Twenty people were killed.
 * On 29 July 2004, an Airlines PNG Twin Otter crashed near Ononge, in cloudy conditions, killing two people.
 * On 11 August 2009, Airlines PNG Flight 4684, a Twin Otter, made a failed go-around in cloudy conditions near Kokoda. The aircraft crashed into a mountain at an altitude of 5500 feet (1676 metres). All 13 people on board were killed.
 * On 13 October 2011, a Dash 8-100, registration P2-MCJ, operating Airlines PNG Flight 1600 from Lae to Madang crashed about 20 km south of Madang and caught fire, killing 28 of the 32 people on board.

title: PNG Air


text:
User talk:Hellogirl

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

P.P.S. I tagged your shield for you.

Image Tagging Image:Cas1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Cas1.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 16:04, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Shield2.jpg)
 Thanks for uploading Image:Shield2.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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title: User talk:Hellogirl


text: User talk:66.214.226.97

title: User talk:66.214.226.97


text:
Linux Kernel Developers Summit

The Linux Kernel Developers Summit is an annual gathering of the top Linux kernel developers. Attendance at the summit is by invitation only, and the conference was first held in San Jose in March, 2001. It was organized by Theodore Ts'o to provide a face to face venue for kernel developers to discuss current and future issues surrounding Linux kernel development, and was initially run by Usenix and then VA Linux's Open Source Developer's Network. Subsequent summits from 2002 to 2006 were held the two days prior to the Ottawa Linux Symposium in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada at the same conference center with Usenix providing all of the logistical support. The 2007 Kernel Summit was held on 4–6 September 2007 at the DeVere University Arms Hotel in Cambridge, England, and was the first time the summit was moved outside of North America.

The discussions at the kernel summit have traditionally been highly technical, with a focus on issues that were not getting resolution via electronic mail. In recent years, however, the summit has been gradually focusing more on higher level development process issues. An example of an important development process decision made at the kernel summit was the decision to move to a rolling stable 2.6 kernel every few months, instead of the formerly used model utilizing a 1–2-year development cycle. The Linux Technical Advisory Board is elected at a bird-of-a-feather session at the Linux Kernel Summit.

The summit usually hosts around 80 or so attendees.

title: Linux Kernel Developers Summit