text:
File:The last paradises.jpg

Bookcover to the Reference book of the movie The Last Paradises - On the track of rare animals

Fair use rationales
This image is subject to copyright. However, it is fair use in the The Last Paradises - On the track of rare animals article and no other articles because:
 * 1) It is a low resolution scan (copies would be of inferior quality due to the resolution)
 * 2) It does not limit the original copyright holder's rights or ability to sell the image or the Book cover in any way
 * 3) It is being used to illustrate the film in the article
 * 4) Copies of this image could not be used to make illegal copies of the film or the book
 * 5) There are no free movie posters, DVD cover or Video covers to illustrate the film
 * 6) Book and movie are about the same topic.
 * 7) Publisher: Bertelsmann
 * 8) Released: 1967
 * 9) Coverartist: Heinrich Schwichtenberg
 * 10) source: http://pictures.abebooks.com/KBWHITE/145871522.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:The last paradises.jpg


text:
Johannes Buxtorf

Johannes Buxtorf (Johannes Buxtorfius) (December 25, 1564 – September 13, 1629) was a celebrated Hebraist, member of a family of Orientalists; professor of Hebrew for thirty-nine years at Basel and was known by the title, "Master of the Rabbis". His massive tome, De Synagoga Judaica (1st. ed. 1603), scrupulously documents the customs and society of German Jewry in the early modern period.

Buxtorf was the father of Johannes Buxtorf the Younger.

Life
Buxtorf was born at Kamen in Westphalia. The original form of the name was Bockstrop, or Boxtrop, from which was derived the family crest, which bore the figure of a goat (German Bock, he-goat). After the death of his father, who was minister of Kamen, Buxtorf studied at Marburg and the newly founded Herborn Academy, at the latter of which Caspar Olevian (1536–1587) and Johannes Piscator (1546–1625) had been appointed professors of theology. At a later date Piscator received the assistance of Buxtorf in the preparation of his Latin translation of the Old Testament, published at Herborn in 1602–1603. From Herborn Buxtorf went to Heidelberg, and thence to Basel, attracted by the reputation of Johann Jakob Grynaeus and J. G. Hospinian (1515–1575).

After a short residence at Basel, he studied successively under Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575) at Zürich and Theodore Beza at Geneva. On his return to Basel, Grynaeus, desirous that the services of so promising a scholar should be secured to the university, procured him a situation as tutor in the family of Leo Curio, son of Celio Secondo Curione, well known for his sufferings on account of the Reformed faith. At the insistence of Grynaeus, Buxtorf undertook the duties of the Hebrew chair in the university, and discharged them for two years with such ability that at the end of that time he was unanimously appointed to the vacant office. From this date (1591) to his death in 1629 he remained in Basel, and devoted himself with remarkable zeal to the study of Hebrew and rabbinic literature. He received into his house many learned Jews, that he might discuss his difficulties with them, and he was frequently consulted by Jews themselves on matters relating to their ceremonial law. He seems to have well deserved the title which was conferred upon him of "Master of the Rabbins." His partiality for Jewish society brought him, indeed, on one occasion into trouble with the authorities of the city, the laws against the Jews being very strict. Nevertheless, on the whole, his relations with the city of Basel were friendly. He remained firmly attached to the university which first recognized his merits, and declined two invitations from the University of Leiden and Academy of Saumur successively. His correspondence with the most distinguished scholars of the day was very extensive; the library of the university of Basel contains a rich collection of letters, which are valuable for a literary history of the time.

Works

 * Manuale Hebraicum et Chaldaicum (1602; 7th ed., 1658).
 * Synagoga Judaica (1603 in German; afterwards translated into Latin in an enlarged form), a valuable repertory of information regarding the opinions and ceremonies of the Jews.
 * Lexicon Hebraicum et Chaldaicum cum brevi Lexico Rabbinico Philosophico (1607; reprinted at Glasgow, 1824).
 * His great Rabbinical Bible, Biblia Hebraica cum paraphrasi Chaldaica et commentariis rabbinorum (2 vols., 1618; 4 vols., 1618–1619), containing, in addition to the Hebrew text, the Aramaic Paraphrases of Targums, punctuated after the analogy of the Aramaic passages in Ezra and Daniel (a proceeding which has been condemned by Richard Simon and others), and the Commentaries of the more celebrated Rabbis, with various other treatises.
 * Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masoreticus (1620; quarto edition, improved and enlarged by J. Buxtorf the younger, 1665), so named from the great school of Jewish criticism which had its seat in the town of Tiberias. It was in this work that Buxtorf controverted the views of Elias Levita regarding the late origin of the Hebrew vowel points, a subject which gave rise to the controversy between Louis Cappel and his son Johannes Buxtorf II.

Buxtorf did not live to complete the two works on which his reputation chiefly rests, his Lexicon Chaldaicum, Talmudicum, et Rabbinicum, and the Concordantiae Bibliorum Hebraicorum, both of which were edited by his son. The lexicon was republished at Leipzig in 1869 with some additions by Bernard Fischer, and the concordance was assumed by Julius Fürst as the basis of his own Hebrew concordance, which appeared in 1840.

Wilhelm Gesenius wrote in 1815 that he considered Buxtorf's Hebrew grammar the best yet written.

title: Johannes Buxtorf


text:
Aspen/Pitkin County Airport

Aspen/Pitkin County Airport, also known as Sardy Field, is a county-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) northwest of the central business district of Aspen, in Pitkin County, Colorado, United States. Aspen/Pitkin Co. Airport/Sardy Field covers an area of 573 acre at an elevation of 7,820 feet (2,384 m) above mean sea level. It has one asphalt paved runway designated 15/33 which measures 8,006 by 100 feet (2,440 x 30 m).

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2023–2027 categorized it as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.

History
The site of Aspen/Pitkin County Airport was first occupied by settlers in 1881, with the establishment of the Stapleton ranch, a 320-acre homestead. The first building on the site, a log cabin, sat on the east side of the present-day runway. The Stapleton family grew potatoes and raised animals, including sheep, cattle, and hogs.

A private gravel airstrip opened on the Stapleton ranch in 1946, promoted by Walter Paepcke and John Spachner. The airstrip was open to the public, but was mostly used by the aviation department of the Aspen Institute, the precursor of Aspen Airways.

The Pitkin County government gained control of the gravel airstrip in the 1956, and began a project to pave the runway. County commissioner Tom Sardy headed the project, and the airport was renamed Sardy Field in his honor in 1958.

The original paved runway was 5000 by. The runway has been expanded four times since, reaching its current dimensions in 2011.

Facilities
For the 12-month period ending November 30, 2020, the airport had 38,584 aircraft operations, an average of 106 per day: 52% general aviation, 29% air taxi, 18% scheduled commercial, and 1% military. In November 2020, there were 95 aircraft based at this airport: 66 single-engine, 10 multi-engine, 13 jet, 5 helicopter, and 1 glider.

Aspen/Pitkin Co. Airport has more regular service from major carriers than any other regional ski town airport in North America. In the winter, its regular, weekly flights number more than 170 (not including extra flights often run during busy holiday seasons). In addition to regular service from Denver, Aspen sees more than 20 flights a week from Chicago and Los Angeles.

Runway
In 2007, the runway was completely rehabilitated with new grooved asphalt. A partial length parallel taxiway A is located 320 ft from the runway centerline on the east side of the runway, and serves general aviation on the north end of the airport and the commercial terminal on the south end. The airport meets modified FAA D-III airport reference code standards.

On April 4, 2011, the airport began a $15.5 million runway extension project which added 1,000 feet of runway length to the existing 8,006 feet long runway. This project was completed on November 2, 2011.

Terminal
The Aspen/Pitkin County airport terminal is a 44000 ft2 single floor facility, which has undergone several renovations since its original construction in 1976. The airport terminal hosts six rental car operations, a year-round guest services operation, plus Jeddadiahs restaurant and gift shops. The terminal has a cellphone parking lot to accommodate motorists waiting to pick up passengers. The 40 spaced parking lot is located in a manner to allow motorists to loop and re-access the terminal without getting back on HWY-82. Parking is not allowed in front of Aspen’s airport terminal.

Safety
The Aspen/Pitkin County Airport is certificated as a Class I, ARFF Index B commercial service airport under FAR Part 139. The airport's operations department is responsible for daily compliance with FAA Part 139, including daily airport safety inspections, rules and regulations enforcement, and aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF). The Pitkin County Sheriff's Office has the primary responsibility of law enforcement and shares in incident management for emergency response to events occurring on airport property In July 2009, the airport took delivery of a new Oshkosh Striker 1500 Index B ARFF truck. Mutual aid response to airport incidents is provided by the Aspen Fire Department, Roaring Fork Fire Rescue, Aspen Ambulance, and others.

Airport operations staff operates from the airport's Operations Center, constructed in 2006 on the west side of the airport. This facility houses airport operations and facilities maintenance staff, as well as the airport's fleet of ARFF, snow removal, and other airport equipment.

Services
General aviation services are provided by Atlantic Aviation, the airport's sole fixed-base operator.

The FAA has installed an FAA Weather Camera in addition to the Automated surface observing system (ASOS) available to help pilots determine the weather conditions at Aspen airport and the surrounding area.

Restrictions
The airport has several unique operating limitations, due to local legislation and the constrained size of the airfield. , aircraft at ASE are restricted to a wingspan of 95 ft and a maximum weight of 100000 lb. These restrictions influence the airline services provided at ASE, which must use regional airliners that comply with the weight limit. Most mainline aircraft, such as the Boeing 737, are generally prohibited from the airport due to these restrictions.

ASE has a curfew in place, which prohibits operations between 11 PM and 7 AM. No aircraft departures are permitted after 10:30 PM. Jet aircraft with louder engines, under the FAA Stage II category, are permitted to take off no more than 30 minutes after official sunset.

For most aircraft operations, especially commercial operations using CRJ-700 planes, aircraft must land to the south and take off to the north. This can lead to occasional delays, cancellations, and weight restrictions depending on wind strength and direction.

Accidents and incidents

 * On January 14, 1970, an Aspen Airways Convair CV-240-12 (registration N270L) landed on the runway with its landing gear raised. The pilot in command wanted to keep the airspeed above 130 knots in case a go-around was required, and failed to extend the landing gear on short final. The gear warning horn did not sound. There were no injuries.
 * On January 5, 1989, a Federal Express Cessna 208B Super Cargomaster (registration N945FE) executed a missed approach but failed to do so in accordance with published missed approach procedures, resulting in a collision with trees. The pilot, the only occupant, was uninjured.
 * On February 13, 1991, a Richmor Aviation Learjet 35A (registration N535PC) stalled and collided with terrain and killed all three people on board. The FAA determined the flight crew's failure to maintain airspeed and control of the aircraft, as well as the execution of an unstabilized approach and the snow-covered mountainous terrain, to be contributing factors.
 * On January 6, 1996, a Learjet 60 (registration XA-ICA) touched down in a snow-covered field 1,000 ft from the runway threshold and 25 feet right of the runway centerline. The nose gear collapsed and the aircraft slid through several snow berms before coming to a halt on the runway at the 4,000 ft mark. It was determined by FAA investigators that sun glare, the snow-covered runway, and the airport's failure to properly remove snow from the runway were the causes for the crash.
 * On March 29, 2001, a Gulfstream III (registration N303GA), owned by Avjet Corporation, crashed on approach to runway 15 killing all 18 occupants on board. The flight crew's operation of the aircraft below minimum descent altitude without visual reference with the runway was determined to be the main cause, but the FAA also recognized that an unclear NOTAM that was issued for the approach confused the flight crew. Additionally, the FAA's failure to communicate the restrictions to Aspen Tower controllers contributed. The pilot was also under pressure to land from the charter customer.
 * On June 7, 2009, a Learjet 60 (registration N500SW) veered off the runway on landing and came to rest on the right side of the runway with a collapsed right main gear, with no injuries to the eight persons on board.
 * On January 5, 2014, a Bombardier Challenger 600 (registration N115WF) crashed upon landing and experienced a post-impact fire, killing one occupant and seriously injuring the other two persons on board. A National Transportation Safety Board report in 2017 concluded that the crash was due to pilot inexperience as they attempted to land with 25 knot wind gusts and failed "to conduct a go-around when the approach became unstabilized".

title: Aspen/Pitkin County Airport


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Carol Mutter

Carol A. Mutter (born December 17, 1945) is a retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general. She is one of the first women in the history of the United States Armed Forces to be appointed to a three-star grade, the first in the Marine Corps. She retired from the Marine Corps on January 1, 1999. Her last active duty assignment was as Deputy Chief of Staff, Manpower and Reserve Affairs (DC/S, M&RA) at Marine Corps Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

Early life and education
Mutter was born on December 17, 1945, in Greeley, Colorado. She graduated from Eaton High School in 1963. In June 1967, she was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps upon graduation from Colorado State College. In addition to holding a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics Education and an honorary doctorate from the University of Northern Colorado, Mutter has a Master of Arts degree in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island and both a Master of Science in Business and an honorary doctorate degree from Salve Regina University, also in Newport.

Military career
After completing the Woman Officer Basic Course in 1967 at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Mutter was assigned to data processing installations at Quantico, Virginia and at Camp Pendleton, California. In 1971, she returned to Quantico as a platoon commander and instructor for women officer candidates and basic course lieutenants; she departed this tour as a captain. During 1973–1984, Mutter progressed to the rank of lieutenant colonel while serving as Project Officer for Marine Air Command and Control Systems at Marine Corps Tactical Systems Support Activity at Camp Pendleton, California; Financial Management Officer at the Development Center, Quantico, Virginia; Assistant Chief of Staff, Comptroller, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, Okinawa, Japan; and Deputy Comptroller at Headquarters, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic in Norfolk, Virginia. In 1985, capitalizing on her expertise in both data processing and financial management, she was assigned as the Deputy Program Manager, and subsequently Program Manager, for the development of new Marine Corps automated pay and personnel systems for active duty, retired, and reserve Marines.

In July 1988, as a colonel, Mutter joined the United States Space Command, J-3 (Operations) Directorate in Colorado Springs becoming the first woman to gain qualification as a Space Director. After initially serving as a Command Center Crew Commander/Space Director she became the Division Chief responsible for the operation of the Space Command Commander in Chief's Command Center.

August 1990 brought a transfer to III Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) on Okinawa, Japan and duty as the Assistant Chief of Staff, Comptroller for both III MEF and 3rd Marine Division. In June 1991, Mutter returned to Quantico as a brigadier general to serve as the Deputy Commanding General, Marine Corps Systems Command and Program Manager for Command and Control Systems. In June 1992, she again transferred to Okinawa, this time as the first woman of general/flag officer rank to command a major deployable tactical command, the 3d Force Service Support Group, III MEF, United States Marine Forces Pacific. In June 1994, she became the first woman in the Marine Corps to be promoted to the rank of major general and served as Commander, Marine Corps Systems Command at Marine Corps Base Quantico until August 1996. On September 1, 1996, Mutter was promoted to lieutenant general and assumed the duties as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Reserve Affairs (DC/S M&RA). Lieutenant General Mutter retired in 1999.

Mutter also attended the Amphibious Warfare School and the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, both at Quantico, Virginia.

Personal life
Mutter is the daughter of Albert B. "Bert" Schneider and Hedwig W. "Haddie" (Spaedt) Schneider.

Mutter married her first husband, United States Marine Corps Second Lieutenant Gerrit L. Wiescamp in June 1967. They divorced in March 1975.

Mutter married her second husband, Marine Corps Major James M. Mutter on 7 May 1977. James Mutter retired from the Marine Corps in July 1993 as a colonel. They reside in Indianapolis, Indiana.

During the George W. Bush administration, Carol Mutter was a member of the American Battle Monuments Commission and chair of the Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the Services. In 2008, she spoke at the Republican National Committee.

Awards and decorations
In 2004, she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. In 2017, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

Firsts

 * First woman to qualify as Command Center Crew Commander/Space Director at U.S. Space Command.
 * First woman of flag rank to command a major deployable tactical command.
 * First female Marine major general, and senior woman in all the services at that time.
 * First woman nominated by the U.S. president for three-star rank.
 * First female lieutenant general in the U.S. Armed Forces.

title: Carol Mutter


text: User talk:128.97.211.46

title: User talk:128.97.211.46


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User:Sesh nath

About Me
I am a Finance Pro. - spend my time number crunching in a cubicle and get paid for it.

Spirituality
Quizzes qualify me as a ’’Spiritual Seeker’’ - i like the philosophies of Zen Buddhism, Bhagavad Gita, The Prophet

A Quote that would resonate with me
"Most gulls didn’t bother to learn more than the simplest facts of flight - how to get from shore to food and back again. For most gulls, it is not flying that matters, but eating. For this gull, through, it was not eating that mattered, but flight. More than anything else, Jonathan Livingston Seagull loved to fly.

This kind of thinking, he found, is not the way to make one’s self popular with other birds." - Jonathan Livingstone Seagull - Richard Bach

title: User:Sesh nath


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Dennis Wyness

Dennis Wyness (born 22 March 1977) is a Scottish retired footballer. He played either as an attacking midfielder or as a striker.

He has previously played for Aberdeen, Inverness CT, Hearts, St Mirren, Queen of the South, Dumbarton, Peterhead, Elgin City and Huntly.

Notably, Wyness scored over 100 goals for Inverness during two spells with the club.

Career
Wyness began his career at Aberdeen, where he originally played as a midfielder. He was used sparingly as a squad player by several managers, until Ebbe Skovdahl allowed him to go on loan to Inverness Caledonian Thistle in 1999, where he played as a midfielder, then as a striker. Wyness signed a permanent contract for Caley Thistle in January 2000. However, during his first twelve months at the club he struggled to make an impact, and was eventually transfer-listed by then-manager Steve Paterson. This provided Wyness with a huge incentive to fight his way back into the team and he responded to his transfer listing by beginning to score goals almost immediately. He was eventually taken off the transfer list in December 2000, and soon became a firm favourite of the Caley Thistle supporters.

Caley Thistle
Wyness was Caley Thistle's top scorer of season 2000–01, with 24 league goals. The following season, he netted 18 times in the league and, in season 2001–02, established a strike partnership with Paul Ritchie which resulted in 37 league goals between the two of them that season. In March 2003 he also scored the only goal of the game as Caley Thistle once again sent Celtic crashing out of the Scottish Cup.

Heart of Midlothian
Wyness's excellent performances in front of goal earned him a move to Heart of Midlothian in the summer of 2003. Wyness found it hard to break into the Hearts team and was only occasionally used by Levein. He fared better under Craig Levein's successor, John Robertson, who had also managed him at Caley Thistle, but when Robertson was replaced by George Burley in 2005 Wyness once again found himself out of favour. He returned on loan to Caley Thistle and he signed a pre-contract agreement in January 2006 to rejoin the Inverness club on a permanent basis. In late May 2006, once his Hearts contract expired, he signed a two-year deal with Caley Thistle.

Record
Wyness holds the Inverness Caledonian Thistle scoring record, with a total of 101 goals. He netted his 100th goal for Inverness against his first club, Aberdeen.

St. Mirren
In May 2008, Wyness agreed a two-year deal to join St Mirren. Wyness scored the first goal for the Buddies at their new ground named St. Mirren Park, in a match against Kilmarnock.

Queen of the South
On 25 September 2009 Dumfries club Queen of the South announced Wyness had joined on a three-month loan deal. Wyness netted a debut goal a day later in the 4–1 win away to Dunfermline Athletic that put Queens top of the table. Wyness returned to St. Mirren after making seven appearances and scoring two goals for Queens.

Recent career
On 25 January 2010, St. Mirren announced Wyness was free to find himself another club, and he was later released from his contract. Wyness then signed for Second Division club Dumbarton until the end of the 2009–10 season.

Wyness then signed for Peterhead for the 2010–11 season.

Wyness signed for Elgin City during the 2012 summer transfer window. He scored his first goal for the club in an incredible 7–5 home loss in the first round of the 2012–13 Ramsden's Cup against Arbroath.

After Elgin, he went on to play for Buckie Thistle in the 2015/16 season, and then signed for Huntly F.C. in 2016.

title: Dennis Wyness


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Closing Time (novel)

Closing Time is a 1994 novel by Joseph Heller, written as a sequel to his popular 1961 novel Catch-22. It is his sixth novel. It takes place in New York City in the 1990s and revisits some characters of the original, including Yossarian, Milo Minderbinder, and Chaplain Tappman.

The book has two stories that are interwoven throughout: that of Yossarian in the last stages of his life, and that of Sammy Singer and Lew Rabinowitz, two men from Coney Island who also fought in World War II (the Sammy Singer character makes a brief appearance in Catch-22 as the tailgunner aboard Yossarian's bomber who kept waking up and fainting when he saw Yossarian trying to attend to the wounds of Snowden).

As with Catch-22, the topic of death is omnipresent, only in this case from usually age-related illnesses, in particular cancer rather than dying in battle, as with its predecessor. One notable inconsistency in the book is that although Yossarian was 28 in Catch-22, which took place in 1944, in Closing Time Yossarian is 68, and the time of Catch-22 is referred to as "50 years ago". When asked about the inconsistency in an interview with The New York Times, Heller replied, "I know, but I decided to ignore it."

There is a man mentioned by Lew named "Vonnegut", whom he met while in Dresden. This is a reference to Kurt Vonnegut's experiences in the bombing of Dresden and his book Slaughterhouse-Five. A character named Joey Heller is also mentioned who, like the author, was a bombardier during the Second World War and suffers from Guillain–Barré syndrome.

title: Closing Time (novel)


text:
User talk:Cuvtixo

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

--ArmadniGeneral 21:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Please note that I reverted your edit to the page Longshoreman, because, as the information is already present at the page it reverts to, Wikipedia seeks to avoid duplicate pages. This can lead to two pages on the same subject containing different but still encyclopedic information. Redirects are used to maintain consistency. --ArmadniGeneral 21:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:HighwayCompanionCover.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:HighwayCompanionCover.png. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 01:27, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Plasmodium falciparum
Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia!

Please see External_links on how to make links in articles. In the Plasmodium falciparum "Sources and further reading" section, I had to revert some of your edits, since they converted correctly formatted links into ones that showed raw web addresses ( http://www.... ). It's no big deal, but I'm just letting you know for future reference.

Happy editing!

Have a great day!!!

WriterHound (talk) 19:35, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Trouble in Mind(album)
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Trouble in Mind(album), and it appears to be very similar to another wikipedia page: Trouble in Mind. It is possible that you have accidentally duplicated contents, or made an error while creating the page— you might want to look at the pages and see if that is the case.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 02:10, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

AARD code edits
I have just been reviewing your recent edits to the Windows 3.1x page and I have some doubts about them. I have left them in place for the time being but I would appreciate your thoughts to the comments I have left on the article talk page. CrispMuncher (talk) 14:27, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Just a quick ping on this. I left some comments on the article talk page several days ago and you haven't responded.  It occurred to me maybe you weren't watching it and needed a message here to notice. CrispMuncher (talk) 13:37, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Heathkit computers
Please have a look at the article History of personal computers where the significance of the Heathkit machines is currently under discussion. I note you contributed the text for the Heath systems back in 2007. Thanks. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:18, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

Lowfield Heath
Hi, and thanks for your comments here. I have responded there, and would appreciate your thoughts. Hassocks 5489 (tickets please!)  20:53, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:AmazinSpidermanObama.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:AmazinSpidermanObama.jpg. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 15:30, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Led Zeppelin
Hello, the plaigarism section does not need to be a laundry list of songs the allegedly plaigarised. It should just be a summary and the individual allegations should go in the pages for those songs/albums. -- Scorpion 0422  03:46, 27 February 2009 (UTC) However, Page's defenses are included, and yet fall short of explanation, especially of contemporary, non-blues songs and singers. I think, objective a "laundry list" would speak for itself. A list of simple original song titles and artists could be included without explanation. Cuvtixo (talk) 03:57, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, you're free to remove them, but I think his defences are notable to include because they show that he recognizes the fact that these allegations are out there. I'm not taking a side, I have no opinion, I just think the section needs to be short and not turned into a big list. It's the main article, so it should be a sumnmary and you can add individual cases to the song articles where more attention and detail can be given. Also, the page needs to remain neutral and having a huge list of allegations - but no defences - goes against that (I'm not saying the current version is perfectly neutral, you're free to remove anything you like). -- Scorpion 0422  04:03, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm leaving it as is. A Wikipedia article seems ideal to gather links to a number of songs, establishing a Modus Operendi.  In fact its tempting to start a new article on Led Zeppelin Suspected Cases of Plagiarism!  Really an even better place was YouTube, but a number of videos comparing songs and lyrics have been taken down because of music label's complaints of copyright violation (That's irony for you!) Cuvtixo (talk) 03:58, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

Financial Times letter to the Editor February 21 2009
Wikipedians Like to Live Dangerously

Published: February 21 2009 02:00 | Last updated: February 21 2009 02:00

From Mr Christopher Daniels.

Sir, “The wisdom of nerds” (editorial, February 14) was such an awful piece of fluff, I hate to dignify it with a response.

Do I not see FT “Corrections” just across the page? Anyone with a grasp of logic will understand that being easily editable also means easily correctable. Does the “wisdom of crowds” being “conventional” mean that Wikipedia is a Tory conspiracy and that I can only trust it for Star Wars trivia? Wikipedia’s strength, compared with conventional encyclopedias and newspapers, is that I don't have to wait for (or buy) a new edition with corrections.

I think I prefer “dangerous” Wikipedia over very snarky, unsigned FT editorials, thank you very much.

Christopher Daniels, Wikipedian, Arlington, MA, US

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2009

Vote for CC license
Welcome Cuvtixo!

Thank you for voting.

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April 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia, but one or more redirects you created have been considered disruptive and/or malicious, and have been reverted. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Eugene Krabs (talk) 01:28, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Had enough for now
I can't believe the above accusation! I've had one invitation to collaborate on an article (from someone who also had material unfairly deleted) several bots takedown pictures, one announced intention of deletion, but several articles/contributions deleted with no attempt to contact me or communicate. I've had it with Wikipedia. I've quit before and returned, because I have a pretty empty, meaningless life, and there's not really an alternative to Wikipedia that has been widely adopted. I guess I should have involved myself with a "wikiclique" of some sort. Bummer. Cuvtixo (talk) 01:50, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

Antibiotic resistance#Role of animals
Hi. I noticed you made considerable changes to this section a year and a half ago. This section has some POV problems and rambles a on. I'm considering trimming it a lot or removing it entirely. I would appreciate your input on the talk page. Pdcook (talk) 20:03, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

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Orphaned non-free media (File:Rubin&ed.jpg)
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories copyright violation
Material you added to the above article was copied from http://mediamatters.org/blog/2016/11/17/trump-ally-alex-jones-doubles-down-sandy-hook-conspiracy-theories/214524, a copyright web page. Copying text directly from a source is a copyright violation. Unfortunately, for copyright reasons, the content had to be removed. Please leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or if you think I made a mistake. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk) 22:44, 15 February 2017 (UTC)

Reference errors on 18 February
Hello, I'm ReferenceBot. I have automatically detected that an edit performed by you may have introduced errors in referencing. as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:A930913/RBpreload&editintro=User:A930913/RBeditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:A930913&preloadtitle=ReferenceBot%20–%20&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, ReferenceBot (talk) 00:22, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
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Nomination of Hardened Gentoo for deletion
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Copy and pasting
We run "copy and paste" detection software on new edits. One of your edits appear to be infringing on someone else's copyright. See also Copy-paste. We at Wikipedia usually require paraphrasing. If you own the copyright to this material please follow the directions at Donating copyrighted materials to grant license.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11276294

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February 2021
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to disrupt Wikipedia, as you did at PC Master Race, you may be blocked from editing. -- ferret (talk) 20:13, 6 February 2021 (UTC)
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January 2022
Not really sure what this is all about, but please be sure to follow WP:NPA and WP:CIVIL. That comment was neither. Sergecross73  msg me  18:43, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Well, you threatened to block my account a year ago.WP:NPA and WP:CIVIL yourself. Hiding behind wikipedia rules does not allow you to make threats. Yes, I'm abrupt. I'm just making my feelings known without using wikipedia rules as a weapon, as you do.
 * I don't recall ever threatening to block you. I don't even recall seeing your name before I noticed your rude comment on Ferret's talk page today. So you'll have to refresh my memory on that one. But regardless, in a general sense, informing editors that they may be blocked from editing because they're not following the rules is not generally a NPA/CIVIL issue. Saying "screw you" is. Sergecross73   msg me  18:59, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Howdy. Ferret here. I actually do have the "authority" to block you. I am not sure why you've chosen today, nearly a year later, to make such statements in my direction though. If you do not want to receive warnings in the future, then do not edit disruptively with unexplained reverts. Please read the warning and heed WP:BRD in the future. -- ferret (talk) 19:58, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

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March 2024
Your edit to Duck and cover has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted material, including text or images from print publications or from other websites, without an appropriate and verifiable license. All such contributions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. This is your third warning. — Diannaa (talk) 14:01, 6 March 2024 (UTC)

 * please.this is just an attack at this point. Or, a dare to attract more attention from the corrupt foundation. I may consider it thus Cuvtixo (talk) 18:57, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Pantothenic acid
I restored the sentence you removed, with a valid reference. David notMD (talk) 20:42, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Thanks. you may notice I have multiple attacks from Dianna, who accuses me of copyright violations, when I have made efforts to re-word everything I don't have in short quotes of a sentence of two. citations made. Your goodwill does not make up for the growing hatred I have of this organization. Cuvtixo (talk) 19:01, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Diannaa's talk page
She's right about 99% of the time. If, unlikely but possible, she's been wrong in your case, deal with it like a grownup. Anything like that again, and I'll just block you from editing. You're harassing her. Floquenbeam (talk) 19:29, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cuvtixo


text:
WCUR

WCUR (91.7 FM, "The Curve") is the student radio station at West Chester University (WCU) in West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States. It serves a limited area around the campus and airs a freeform format, with students producing and airing their own shows.

Membership
DJs at WCUR can create and construct their own individual shows freely, with no parameters. However, this does not mean they are exempt from FCC guidelines. WCUR offers a wide variety of music, news, and sports. Therefore, some DJs have the opportunity to broadcast live sports events at WCU, mainly football and basketball.

If students wish to join the station, they must complete lessons to learn FCC guidelines and policies. After participating 6 weeks of lessons, trainees must complete studio observations, a written test, and an "on-air" test. After successfully completing all requirements trainees officially become members of the station and are eligible to sign-up for a desired show time.

Since WCUR serves the community of West Chester, DJs are required to give a psa, an on-campus announcement, and the weather once every hour. On the WCUR website, the organization not only asks for news from the community, but hosts events, recommends music, and provides a weather minute.

History
The history of carrier current radio at WCU predates the current FM by several decades. Originally known as "WCSC", the station had adopted the "WCUR" name by 1974. It was listenable at 640 kHz in campus buildings; a small FM transmission covering the Sykes Student Union and Wayne Hall was also added.

In 1992, West Chester University applied for an FM station; a previous attempt in the late 1970s had been derailed by lack of approval for funding, others in the mid-1980s created interference issues with a station in Delaware or with TV channel 6, and constant turnover of staff and students (numbering some 75 by 1998) also hindered efforts. The construction permit was granted on March 20, 1998, and after municipal approval of a tower atop the Student Union, broadcasting began on September 1, 1999. Web streaming was added in 2001.

title: WCUR


text: Talk:Kennedy Expressway

title: Talk:Kennedy Expressway


text:
Talk:Carol Mutter

Untitled
This is a start using the complete text from the General's Marine Corps page. It's complete as far as her career is concerned, but somewhat dry, and it doesn't cover her activities since retiring. I worked for the General when she was a lite colonel and she's good people, so I thought I'd at least get a start on her page. -- NetSerfer 21:01, July 21, 2005 UTC

Who was first?
This article claims that Carol Mutter was the first woman to reach promotion to three-star rank in the U.S. military. The article on Patricia Ann Tracey claims that Tracey (a vice admiral in the Navy) was first. Is the incompatibility of the two claims more of the rivalry between USMC and USN? More to the point here, which side is Wikipedia on? At present, it's on both. Rammer (talk) 04:41, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Carol Mutter


text:
Thérèse Liotard

Thérèse Liotard (born 6 May 1949 in Lille, Nord, France) is a French actress best known for her role in the 1990 film My Father's Glory (La Gloire de mon père, de Marcel Pagnol). She is known on British television for her appearance in the BBC series Bergerac.

She made her French television debut as a presenter on ORTF in 1970.

In the 1980 film Death Watch, her English dialogue was dubbed by Julie Christie.

Filmography

 * See also Thérèse Liotard, full filmography and theatre appearances

Awards

 * 16th César Awards, nomination for best supporting actress for My Father's Glory and My Mother's Castle

title: Thérèse Liotard


text:
File:Rogers Cable.png

Summary
logo is fair to use on Rogers page and Moncton page because it is relevant to both, and I don't think rogers would mind the extra publicity

title: File:Rogers Cable.png


text:
Aaron Bernstein

Aaron David Bernstein (6 April 1812 – 12 February 1884) was a German Jewish author, reformer and scientist.

Biography
Aaron David Bernstein was born into a Jewish family in Danzig in 1812. He went to Berlin at the age of twenty, where, without any formal education, he immersed himself in the German language and literature. He soon began to write on a wide range of topics. For some years, he worked as an antiquarian book dealer in that city, but his literary pursuits cabsorbed most of his attention; eventually, he embraced writing as his full-time profession.

Among Bernstein's earliest publications were a translation of the Song of Songs—with critical notes and a bibliographical preface by Leopold Zunz—and Das junge Deutschland ('Young Germany'), which established his reputation as a writer among the literary critics of Berlin.

In the mid-19th century Bernstein took an active role in the movement for synagogue reform in Germany. He was the principal contributor to Wilhelm Freund's monthly periodical, Zur Judenfrage, published in Berlin from July 1843 to June 1844. On March 10, 1845, he was appointed to a committee tasked with formulating a plan for a "line of progress" in Jewish religious affairs. He was entrusted with the task of editing and refining the committee's Entwurf, and was one of the principal authors of the Aufruf that called for the establishment of a religious Reform movement among German Jews, published in Berlin newspapers in early April 1845. He co-authored the prayer book for the newly-organized Reform congregation in Berlin and, although he declined to assume the role of rabbi, he frequently conducted religious services in that capacity until a permanent rabbi was appointed. He was also the editor of the monthly periodical Reform-Zeitung: Organ für den Fortschritt im Judenthum, which appeared in Berlin in 1847.

Bernstein participated in the Revolution of 1848 in Berlin. In 1849, he founded the political monthly Urwählerzeitung, in which he published in 1852 some ultra-democratic articles which led to his imprisonment. The paper was finally suppressed in 1853, and Bernstein established the Volkszeitung, a journal devoted, like its predecessor, largely to the dissemination of democratic views.

Literary works
Bernstein was one of foremost authors in the genre of Ghetto literature. He was the author of two novels depicting Jewish life, Vögele der Maggid and Mendel Gibbor, initially published in Josef Wertheimer's Jahrbuch für Israeliten and then in book form (Berlin, 1860; 7th edition, ib. 1892). They garnered translations into multiple languages, including Russian (St. Petersburg, 1876). Unlike contemporary ghetto stories, Bernstein's novels intended for a Jewish audience, and make extensive use of the German-Jewish idiom.

Political works
In 1843, Bernstein authored an anonymous pamphlet titled Zahlen Frappieren in defense of the Prussian Ministry of Finance against an assault by Ernst von Bülow-Cummerow, generating significant interest within political circles, with some speculating that the minister of finance himself had penned it.

His History of Revolution and Reaction in Prussia and Germany from the Revolution of 1848 up to the present (Revolutions- und Reaktionsgeschichte Preussens und Deutschlands von den Märztagen bis zur neuesten Zeit; 3 vols., 1883–4) was a collection of political essays.

Scientific works
His multivolume book From the Field of Natural Science (Aus dem Reiche der Naturwissenschaft; 1853–1856), later republished under the title Popular Books on Natural Science (Naturwissenschaftliche Volksbücher; 1880), was frequently reprinted and translated into the principal languages of Europe. A Hebrew translation, entitled Yedi'ot ha-Teva ('Knowledge of Nature'), appeared in Warsaw in 1881-9. This work established Bernstein's reputation as an early popularizer of science.

Already in the edition of 1855, Bernstein published ideas on space, time and the speed of light which had appeared in the anonymous treatise The Stars and the Earth (Die Gestirne und die Weltgeschichte) written by 'an unknown clear-sighted thinker.' It was not until 1874 when a new German edition appeared that the name of the author – Felix Eberty – was made public. When this edition was re-published in 1923, Albert Einstein wrote a preface.

A story in volume 16 of Bernstein's Naturwissenschaftliche Volksbücher about riding along with the electricity travelling through a telegraph wire has been credited with inspiring the 16-year-old Albert Einstein to think about travelling along with a beam of light and seeing it stationary. Such thought experiments eventually led to his famous theory of special relativity.

Family
One of his sons was the physiologist Julius Bernstein. He was the uncle of Eduard Bernstein, a Social Democratic theorist and activist.

title: Aaron Bernstein


text:
George Hampson

Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist.

Hampson studied at Charterhouse School and Exeter College, Oxford. He travelled to India to become a tea-planter in the Nilgiri Hills of the Madras presidency (now Tamil Nadu), where he became interested in moths and butterflies. When he returned to England, he became a voluntary worker at the Natural History Museum, where he wrote The Lepidoptera of the Nilgiri District (1891) and The Lepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon (1893) as parts 8 and 9 of Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera of the British Museum. He then commenced work on The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths (four volumes, 1892–1896).

Albert C. L. G. Günther offered him a position as an assistant at the museum in March 1895, and, after succeeding to his baronetcy in 1896, he was promoted to the acting assistant keeper in 1901. He then worked on a Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum (15 volumes, 1898–1920).

Orthogrammica, a genus of moths of the family Erebidae, was erected by Hampson in 1926.

He married Minnie Frances Clark-Kennedy on 1 June 1893 and had three children.

title: George Hampson


text:
C. C. Little

Clarence Cook Little (October 6, 1888 – December 22, 1971) was an American genetics, cancer, and tobacco researcher and academic administrator, as well as a proponent of eugenics.

Early life
C. C. Little was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and attended Harvard University after his secondary education at the Noble and Greenough School. Little received an A.B. from Harvard University in 1910, an M.S. in 1912, and D.Sc. in 1914 in zoology, with special focus in the new science of genetics. During World War I, Little served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, attaining the rank of Major. Following the war he spent three years at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. In 1921, he helped found the American Birth Control League with Margaret Sanger and Lothrop Stoddard.

Career
While studying under W. E. Castle, Little began his work with mice, focusing on inheritance, transplants, and grafts. He also was an assistant dean and secretary to the president. In 1921, he inbred the mouse strain C57BL/6 or "black 6", which is the most popular laboratory mouse to date. His most important research occurred at Harvard, including what some call his most brilliant work, "A Mendelian explanation for the inheritance of a trait that has apparently non-Mendelian characteristics". His observations on transplant rejection became codified into the "five laws of transplant immunology" by George Snell. Little developed the "DBA (Dilute, Brown and non-Agouti)" strain of mice while at Harvard. For his research, he received posthumously the 1978 Cancer Research Institute William B. Coley Award.

Little accepted the post of President of the University of Maine in 1922, becoming at age 33 the youngest university president in the country. While there he started a summer laboratory in Bar Harbor. In 1925, he left to become the President of the University of Michigan. His tenure at the university was controversial due to his outspokenness in favor of eugenics, birth control, and euthanasia. He left Michigan in 1929 in order to devote himself to his research at Bar Harbor. With funding from Detroit car manufacturers, he was able to improve the facility for year-round use. He renamed it the "Jackson Laboratory" in honor of one donor, Roscoe B. Jackson of the Hudson Motor Car Corporation. Also in 1929, he took on a part-time job as managing director of the American Society for the Control of Cancer (later became the American Cancer Society (ACS)) and served as President to the American Eugenics Society.

Funding for the Jackson Laboratory was extremely limited during the Great Depression, but it received one of the first grants from the newly formed National Cancer Institute in 1938. Little energetically developed both the lab and the ACS, and by 1944 they were shipping 9000 mice a week to other laboratories. The laboratory and all of the livestock were destroyed in the Great Bar Harbor Fire in the Fall of 1947. The lab was quickly rebuilt and most mouse strains were recovered from other labs around the world. By 1950, the lab was maintaining 60 inbred strains, and had developed the F1 hybrid that became widely used for chemical testing. Little resigned in 1954.

His last major post, from 1954 to 1969, was as the Scientific Director of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee (renamed Council for Tobacco Research in 1964). In that role, he was a leading scientific voice of the tobacco industry and oversaw a USD 1 million research budget that gave grants to hundreds of scientists. In 1959, he refuted his earlier assertion, made as Director of the ACS, that inhaling fine particles is unhealthy, and stated that smoking does not cause lung cancer and is at most a minor contributing factor. A decade later he stated, "there is no demonstrated causal relationship between smoking or any disease." In keeping with his earlier research, he believed that the main cause of cancer was genetic, not environmental.

Death and legacy
Little died of a heart attack in 1971 in Ellsworth, Maine at the age of 83.

The C. C. Little Science Building at the University of Michigan, and C. C. Little Hall at the University of Maine, were both named in his honor. In 2017, five faculty members and an undergraduate student submitted a formal request to University of Michigan President Mark Schlissel to change the building's name because of Little's previous support of eugenics. The C. C. Little Science Building sign was replaced without Little's name on March 29, 2018. On April 26, 2021, the University of Maine announced that C. C. Little Hall would be renamed after Beryl Williams. In 2022 the name change was complete. The building is now formally called Beryl Warner Williams Hall, and has a new cultural exhibit in the lobby.

title: C. C. Little


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ron Black

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:14, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Ron Black
Talk radio host in Oklahoma City. Low Google, non syndicated, in this case, means non-notable. ArmadniGeneral 21:04, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not-notable local radio guy CDC   (talk)  21:16, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn radiojock. JamesBurns 03:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:155.188.254.1

title: User talk:155.188.254.1


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Talk:Functional illiteracy

Correlation with learning disabilities
Also not addressed here is the association of functional illiteracy with learning disabilities in the individual. It may be tempting to think that all of these people in the United States have somehow not been taught to read. This is rather unlikely. More likely, their particular learning disabilities were not identified in school, or were not adequately addressed in special education. Of course, there is also an economic (and thus also racial) component, which also needs to be addressed. A few statistics on this issue:

From the International Dyslexia Association: "15-20% of the population have a language-based learning disability. Of the students with specific learning disabilities receiving special education services, 70-80% have deficits in reading."

From the Learning Disabilities Association of America: "Among children who struggle with basic reading and language skills—the most common learning problems—75% of those who do not receive help until the third grade will struggle with reading throughout their lives. But if those same kids receive appropriate help by the first grade, fully 90% of them will achieve normal reading ability."

From the National Center for Learning Disabilities: "Studies show that learning disabilities do not fall evenly across racial and ethnic groups. For instance, in 2001, 1% of white children and 2.6% of non-hispanic black children were receiving LD-related special education services*. The same studies suggest that this has to do with economic status and not ethnic background. LD is not caused by economic disadvantage, but the increased risk of exposure to harmful toxins (lead, tobacco, alcohol, etc.) at early stages of development are prevalent in low-income communities."

Regards, --Taitcha 03:19, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Recognizing Words

 * For example, a functionally illiterate adult is unable to fill out an employment application, follow written instructions, read a newspaper, read traffic signs, or understand a school bus schedule, among many other daily functions

I think the sign one is inaccurate; an illiterate adult would learn to recognize words like "OPEN," "CLOSED," "STOP," and the like, much as Americans in China would quickly learn relevant hanzi without necessarily being able to reproduce or pronounce them. —Casey J. Morris 21:05, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can imagine that higway signs can be difficult to comprehend for functionally illiterate people. Not only do you have to read and interpret them quickly, there are arrows and numbers on them too. I think everyone at least needs to concentrate to even read the whole sign in one pass, at least I do. That's why they are repeated a couple of times.83.118.38.37 14:16, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Looking at this article again, and then reading this on the talk page, I now believe that it is quite likely that there are multiple definitions of functional literacy/illiteracy. The Canadian definition, for example, is based on the ability to cope not with "everyday life", but to be able to function within the structure of a western, knowledge-based economy such as Canada's. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.222.161.228 (talk • contribs) 00:49, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Unsourced statistics
"The correlation between crime and functional illiteracy is well known to criminologists and sociologists throughout the world. It is estimated that 60 percent of adults in prisons are functionally or marginally illiterate and 85 percent of juvenile offenders have problems associated with reading, writing and basic math." Any idea whether this applies just to the U.S., another country or worldwide? -Estrellador* 18:22, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

Things I would like to know
Some things this page needs to cover:
 * What's the threshold between functional illiteracy and literacy? illiteracy? Is there consesus on this? Is there a test used to determine functional illiteracy?
 * When was the name created?
 * Does functional illiteracy correlate with any particular geographic area? Do some languages have a greater tendency towards functional illiteracy? Stilgar135 01:58, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'll add a question, too:
 * So, what exactly does functional illiteracy mean? I get it has something to do not understanding written language, but to what extent? --209.102.188.220 (talk) 18:27, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
 * If a person from an foreign country moves to an English speaking country and is unable to read and write English texts, then they are functionally illiterate because they would be unable to purchase a meal from a restaurant, use a computer, drive a car, ride a train, operate a business, file tax returns etc. (Ie. they would be unable to survive in that host country).
 * (However if the person originated from a European country then they would not have this issue because all Europeans are taught English at school).
 * On the other hand, if an English-speaking expatriate who is highly skilled at computer programing is seconded by his employer to the company's subsidiary office branch in a non-English speaking foreign country, then he would still be considered functionally literate because when he reaches the foreign country, he is still able to continue his employment as a computer programmer, order a meal from the local restaurant, drive a car, buy train tickets to ride on a train, use his smartphone and laptop computer and use google maps to navigate around the place. --BrianJ34 (talk) 03:04, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

 * What about the funcitional illiteracy of lawyers, technocrats, sociologists, management scientists et al. Anybody who has had to try and translate their gibberrish into another language(as I have) would recognise that they have and that they constitute a problem. The article ignores them completely. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arthurjermyn (talk • contribs) 17:08, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Lawyers would not consider themselves to be functionally illiterate. On the other hand, college graduates from law school are expected by the existing lawyers to understand all the existing legal terminology in order to be 'literate' as a lawyer - any graduate who does not like this fact would not be able to qualify to work as a lawyer. They do not care how complex their legal terms are seen in wider society. Most of the legal terms are borrowed from Latin or French because these nations in the past had a documented legal system that was more advanced than the English legal system.

The same situation applies to other specialized professions such as engineers, pharmacists, doctors, surgeons, economists, accountants, musicians, computer programmers etc. This is the real occupational literacy that most employers expect from their employees today. --BrianJ34 (talk) 02:50, 1 January 2015 (UTC)

OR Template
I added OR to the links with crime section. While it makes intuitive sense to me that illiterate people will be more likely to turn to crime, I'd rather see facts backing it up than one editor's theorizing on the matter. Mbarbier (talk) 21:23, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

I rewrote the crime and poverty section to include links to the 2003 NCES study and begintoread.org's research page. It's not perfect, but it's a start.--Ayliana (talk) 22:35, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Canadian statistics
According to the Canadian Council on Learning, the statistics in Canada put illiteracy (level 2 or lower) at 48%, this is much higher than in the U.S.A and Britain it seems. http://www.ccl-cca.ca/cclflash/proseliteracy/map_canada_e.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/yourview/2009/09/half_of_all_adults_in_canada_h.html

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.184.34.88 (talk • contribs) 19:14, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

Removal of unsourced prisoner reoffending statistic
I have removed the following claim about prisoner reoffending because it was not sourced and seems unlikely to be true; please return it if a valid source can be found.

 * Adult inmates who received educational services while in prison had a 16% chance of returning to prison, as opposed to 70% for those who received no instruction.

A cut in the rate of reoffending from 70% to 16% by simple literacy training seems more hopeful than truthful. There appears to be some political bias in this article, of which this line was indicative. I'm adding a POV check tag for the time being. Michael Heseltin (talk) 19:43, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

Neutral point of view tag
I've added the neutral point of view tag because Wikipedia is not a place to advocate anything, which this article does now due to the recent edits. I don't know where to start in fixing it. Also, Wikipedia should not be used as a source. Graham 87 03:39, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

The "Ending Functional Illiteracy" section is a mess. NPOV, improper language for an encyclopedia, etc...I would scrap the whole thing and rewrite it. 65.94.131.124 (talk) 00:24, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

This article is definitely in need of some revision. --203.143.249.234 (talk) 12:57, 8 March 2015 (UTC)

I would just toss out the entire "Ending Functional Illiteracy" section. It is not repairable, and has the feel that is was copied and pasted from other sources. Its tone is shot and it is biased. The "Problems functional illiterates face" section also has really poor tone, and is not encyclopedic. Can we just remove the offending section? If I do it, a bot will simply block me and revert edits, even though its all trash. 209.159.219.97 (talk)

Bob C. Cleckler (talk) 22:17, 11 July 2015 (UTC)Anyone who is honestly interested in functional illiteracy (as opposed to someone who is merely trying to avoid correcting something badly in need of correcting because they want to avoid any unwanted changes) will want to know that functional illiteracy CAN be ended for all except the most severely mentally handicapped. That being the case, I defy anyone to rewrite the section in a way that will promote the change and still meet the "neutral point of view" -- which is merely a means of avoiding change. When spelling reform is the ONLY statistically and historically provable way of ending the problem of functional illiteracy -- both the extent and seriousness of which is much worse than most people realize -- it cannot be WRONG (even in an encyclopedia) to advocate that change. One of the early removals of the "Ending Functional Illiteracy" sections gave a very telling explanation of why the removal was made: "This is merely a rant against the English language." Many people feel that they must defend "our mother tongue." This section can be called a rant against the English language if you wish, but anyone who carefully and honestly examines the section explaining the linguistic problems with English spelling will have to admit that English spelling definitely DESERVES any "rant" made against it. English grammar and syntax are neither the easiest nor the most difficult characteristics. English grammar and syntax, however, are much easier than many other languages, in all of which, students can easily become fluent readers in less than three months -- as opposed to English in which very few students can become fluent in less than two years.

I agree with the above mention of removing "Ending Functional Illiteracy"--it is really just grandstanding for spelling reform and does not belong in an article defining functional illiteracy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.32.57.51 (talk) 18:19, 19 May 2015 (UTC)

Bob C. Cleckler (talk) 22:30, 11 July 2015 (UTC)There is no law that I am aware of stating that an encyclopedia article can only be used for "defining" the subject. Anyone who is honestly interested in functional illiteracy will want to know if it can be ended -- if they read enough of the article to understand that functional illiteracy is a serious and widespread problem causing both human suffering and unnecessary financial expense for both the illiterates and the fluent readers.

I am removing the "Ending Functional illiteracy" section as no one has come forward to support it or give reason for its continued existence. Reverting edits simply to restore text is counter productive and helps no one in the end. The reasons are for this removal are stated above by 209.159.219.97 and 50.32.57.51. Before reverting edits please discuss reasons on the talk page. 68.187.70.40 (talk) 04:30, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

Bob C. Cleckler (talk) 22:30, 11 July 2015 (UTC)Anyone with any compassion for the problems that illiterates must endure almost every day of their lives -- problems that we would consider a crisis if WE had to endure them -- and anyone understanding that functional illiteracy causes a financial expense for those of us who are fluent readers will want to know the information contained in the "Ending Functional Illiteracy" section. Those who are advocating its removal should honestly examine their reasons for advocating its removal. Insisting upon pedantic exactitude in a Wikipedia article may thrill some the "scholars," but only at the expense of human suffering and unnecessary financial expense for ALL OF US.

"Problems Functional Illiterates Face" is also incredibly problematic. The fact that this article goes into extensive detail about a book published by Focus on the Family leaves me with serious doubts over the neutrality of it as a whole. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.115.146.3 (talk) 05:04, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Bob C. Cleckler (talk) 21:50, 11 July 2015 (UTC)The "Problems Functional Illiterates Face" section has reference numbers 18 to 31. NOT ONE OF THESE REFERENCES mention anything published by Focus on the family. Why was this inaccurate rant made? Is someone just vehemently opposed to anything that seems even remotely connected to religion (such as being compassionate to functional illiterates)?

Rollback?
I stumbled onto this article and to say that it suffers from NPOV and encyclopedic tone problems is a massive understatement. Unfortunately as others before me have noted, in its current state it does not seem salvageable. Rather than an encyclopedia article it currently reads like an impassioned plea for action on what its main contributor obviously considers to be a major social ill.

To that end I would suggest that we roll the article back to the last version before User:Bob C. Cleckler began reworking the article. That version (which you can see here) is deficient in many ways. It already had NPOV problems, was woefully US and English-centric, and was in need of sourcing. Some of these problems had been tagged on the article since 2012. But as a starting point for editing it is much more manageable.

I want to make it absolutely clear to Bob that this is not to say that his participation is unwelcome. The problems with his prose are almost entirely related to a) its style, which is not encyclopedic and b) his use of Wikipedia's voice to identify problems and propose solutions, which violates NPOV, one of the project's core principles.

What do others think of the rollback idea? We can keep a copy of Bob's edits in a sandbox and reintroduce them progressively, working to manage the tone and keep each section NPOV. Eniagrom (talk) 12:19, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

Yes, roll it back -- I came across this article and it reads like a persuasive essay, not an encyclopedia article. The information User:Bob C. Cleckler provides could be useful in a rewrite, but as it is now, it has NPOV problems that just modifying the language won't solve. Pretendema (talk) 18:59, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

 * I have done so per apparent consensus. Eniagrom (talk) 19:04, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

Yes, Rollback
This is not an encyclopedia entry. It reads like propaganda (because it is). Not that there is anything wrong with actively and passionately advocating for a cause, but this is not an appropriate forum for that.

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Improving External Links tab
I believe the external links for this article are, for lack of a better phrase, pretty useless. Both of the links are clearly designed to sell products that help parents teach their young children to read, which doesn't really pertain to adult functional illiteracy. I think it'd be a good idea to start this section from scratch. I know hardly anything about links to put in its place, unfortunately. Maybe links to papers on the Laubach Way to Reading (LWR) or the Wilson Reading System (WRS) would be more useful? I'd offer some examples here but I haven't found a great piece on these methods that wasn't designed for teachers specializing in adult education or trying to sell something. ⁂ (talk) 05:12, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

I agree the external links are indeed ads, they should be removed user:Zauddelig — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.86.125.85 (talk) 19:23, 18 January 2021 (UTC)

Add a More Diversified Look at the World
This article mainly focuses on the United States and to some extent other developed countries. If functional literacy is primarily used as a concept in the U.S./Russia/U.K., then state this, but if it's an international standard then countries of varying developements should be covered in more detail to eliminate bias in what is discussed. Also, it may help to add some historical background. It may be difficult to retroactively apply the 1978 standard, though.Sechumanist (talk) 02:39, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Functional illiteracy


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Category:Elder law

Elder law describes those aspects of law that have a particular application to the elderly, such as the law of Social Security, pensions, wills and trusts, and guardianships.

title: Category:Elder law


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User talk:Poorsod

Fan death
An article that you have been involved in editing, Fan death, has been listed at Articles for deletion/Fan death. Please look there to see why this is, if you are interested in whether it should be deleted. Thank you. --TruthbringerToronto (Talk | contribs) 06:20, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Poorsod


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Downtown Berkeley station

Downtown Berkeley station is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station in the Downtown Berkeley section of Berkeley, California. It is served by the Orange and Red lines.

Southern Pacific
The Central Pacific Railroad opened its Berkeley Branch Railroad to the intersection of Shattuck and University Avenues on August 16, 1876. Early civic leader Francis K. Shattuck donated land for the railroad and its depot, and subsidized the initial construction. Berkeley was the terminus of the line until 1878, when it was extended northwest along Shattuck. The Central Pacific was leased by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in 1885, then transferred to its Northern Railway subsidiary in 1888. The first Berkeley station was a small wooden building at the northwest corner of Center Street and Shattuck; it was replaced in the 1890s by a slightly larger by still modest station.

On October 26, 1903, the Key System began electric commuter rail operation from Berkeley to the San Francisco ferries – a direct threat to the SP's steam-hauled trains – on a line that paralleled the SP tracks on Shattuck. Around that time, Cal president Benjamin Ide Wheeler and other prominent Berkeley academics lobbied SP president E. H. Harriman for an improved train station to complement John Galen Howard's emerging architectural style for the nearby University of California, Berkeley. Finally, the devastating 1906 earthquake and subsequent rebuilding "served as a powerful incentive to expedite the project".

Surveying work began in June 1906; that September, SP management announced their intentions to convert their suburban lines to a frequent electric service to compete with the Key System. The new station, an elegant red brick structure with buff terracotta trim, red tile roof, and a colonnade, opened on April 9, 1908. It was officially designed by SP architect Daniel J. Patterson in a similar style to Émile Bénard's original plans for the university, though the high quality of its design and circumstantial evidence led some historians to believe it was actually designed by Howard. The SP lines were fully electrified in 1911.

BART
The BART Board approved the name "Berkeley" in December 1965. The station opened on January 29, 1973, as part of the extension from to. The station was designed by Maher & Martens of San Francisco in collaboration with Parsons Brinckerhoff, Tudor Construction, and Bechtel.

In 1995, BART changed the name of the station from "Berkeley" to "Downtown Berkeley" in an effort to minimize confusion between this station and North Berkeley.

Removal of rotunda
A station and plaza renovation project began construction on August 29, 2016 and opened to the public on October 19, 2018. The new plaza includes new lighting, landscaping, drainage, paving, and bus shelters in the overground plaza of the station. The old main rotunda entrance has been removed and was replaced by a glass entrance structure similar to those in Downtown Oakland. The $11.2 million project is funded primarily by BART, with additional funding from the City of Berkeley, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, and Alameda County. A further project to renovate the underground station interior is in the planning stages.

The entrances on the southern end of the station were closed from April 13, 2020, to June 12, 2021, due to low ridership during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bathrooms at underground BART stations were closed after the September 11 attacks due to security concerns. The bathroom at Downtown Berkeley station reopened on June 30, 2023, after a renovation, with an attendant on duty during all operating hours.

Station layout
Like most underground BART stations, Downtown Berkeley has two levels: a mezzanine containing the faregates and an island platform with two tracks. Access to the station is provided by five street-level entrances on Shattuck Avenue, with two at Addison Street and Allston Way each and one at the southwest corner of Shattuck Avenue and Center Street. The escalators at the latter were topped by an 24-sided rotunda featuring artwork of the UC Botanical Garden.

title: Downtown Berkeley station


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Murray Chapple

Murray Ernest Chapple (25 July 1930 – 31 July 1985) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 14 Test matches over 13 years, scoring three fifties with a highest score of 76. He captained New Zealand in one Test in 1966.

Playing career
Chapple was a right-handed middle-order batsman and left-arm medium-pace bowler who bowled left-arm spin later in his career. In a first-class career that began when he was 19 and ended when he was 41, Chapple played for Canterbury (1949–50, 1952–53 to 1960–61) and Central Districts (1950–51 to 1951–52, 1962–63 to 1965–66), toured South Africa with the New Zealand teams in 1953–54 and 1961–62, and captained New Zealand in the First Test against England in 1965–66.

Chapple came to national prominence in 1952–53 when, after four Plunket Shield seasons in which his highest score was 79, he scored 165 and 88 opening the batting for Canterbury against the touring South Africans. He was selected for the Second Test against South Africa, and the tour of South Africa the following season. His best bowling figures were 5 for 24 for Canterbury against Auckland in 1955–56.

After a leg injury forced him out of the Second Test in 1965–66, he retired.

Administrative career
While managing the New Zealand team that toured West Indies in 1971–72, Chapple played in the match against Windward Islands when injuries reduced the side to ten fit players, but the match was ruined by rain and he did not bat, bowl or field. His management of the tour was praised by Henry Blofeld in Wisden: "He did a lot to relieve his players of the many different pressures which were upon them and was always a wise counsellor. He must share the credit for the success of the tour."

Chapple also managed the New Zealand side that toured India and Pakistan in 1976–77. He was appointed to manage the team to England in 1986, but died before the tour began.

title: Murray Chapple