text:
Columbia Regional Airport

Columbia Regional Airport is a commercial passenger airport serving Columbia, Missouri. Located about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Columbia in Boone County, Missouri, it is the only commercial airport in Mid-Missouri and also serves the state capital of Jefferson City. As of 2022, commercial passenger service is provided by American Airlines subsidiary American Eagle. The airport opened in 1968, replacing the Columbia Municipal Airport off of Interstate 70. It is frequently used for charter flights by college athletic teams visiting the University of Missouri and for MU team flights.

In 2019, airport officials extended the 6,500-foot runway to 7,400 feet and added a new 5,400 foot crosswind runway. On October 26, 2022, the airport opened the airport's 56,000 ft2 terminal with three jetways.

Columbia Regional is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 12,719 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 26,842 in 2009 and 38,293 in 2010.

Scheduled passenger service was subsidized by the U.S. Department of Transportation via the Essential Air Service program until 2010, when Pinnacle Airlines dba Delta Connection began providing subsidy-free service.

1920s - 1980s
In 1928, the Columbia Municipal Airport was founded and located on US Highway 40 at the western edge of Columbia. The site today is part of Cosmo Recreation Center managed by Columbia Parks and Recreation and the roadway is known as Business Loop 70 West. The land was leased from the Allton Brothers, who had previously operated a flying service there. Part of the current Candlelight lodge on the north side of Business Loop 70 was then known as the Allton Hotel. For a brief time, the Allton Hotel was used by Stephens College as classrooms to teach aeronautics to Stephens College women. Improvements were made with Civil Aeronautics Administration assistance so that the airport would serve as an emergency landing field for the airway between Kansas City and St. Louis. In 1960, the Columbia Airport consisted of 470 acres purchased at a cost of $154,000 of which only $8,723.47 was contributed by the Federal Aviation Agency.

In 1962, the National Airport Plan recommended that Columbia have a 5,300-foot runway to accommodate the Convair CV340 at Columbia Municipal Airport and to determine whether it was practical to develop the existing site and provide for reasonable expansion capabilities. The estimated cost for the improvement would cost $3,000,000 for clearing, grading, runway extension, taxiway, apron, acquisition of south instrument approach zone and terminal building.

A prominent feature of the Columbia Airport study was the conclusion that a need existed for a Mid-Missouri Regional Air Terminal serving both Columbia and Jefferson City. News releases by the Federal Aviation Agency and trade publications indicated that consolidation of subsidized service to cities as close as Columbia and Jefferson City may be required in the future as a condition of the subsidy. The airport would be the regional airport for several Mid-Missouri cities including Jefferson City, Fulton, Mexico, and Boonville. Another advantage in building a regional airport is that the new airport could be under construction and completed without disturbing the air traffic at the existing Columbia Municipal Airport.

Twenty-three sites were examined upon which an airfield might be established, and the search was narrowed to five: Highway K, Fulton Road, Highway M, Highway DD and Highway H. On Oct. 23, 1963, Horner and Shifrin Consulting Engineers of St. Louis submitted a report to the City of Columbia. They recommended the Highway H (also known as the Elkhurst) site. The estimated cost of the entire development was $3,410,000, of which it was expected that $1,515,000 would be a grant under the Federal Aid Airport Program administered by the Federal Aviation Agency.

The Columbia City Council called for a bond election, which was approved in January 1964. In May 1966, the Federal Aviation Agency approved a federal grant to pay part of the cost of buying the airport site. A grant of $131,586 was the first of several allocations from the federal government to help pay for the new $3.5 million facility. In November 1966, the city had obtained 183 acres for the airport site. By August 11, 1967, ground was broken, officially beginning construction on Columbia Regional Airport. The main 6500-foot runway had its dedication November 2, 1968 and the new Columbia Regional Airport opened in December 1968. The airport bond was paid off in the spring of 1986.

2000s - Present
Until 2001, Trans World Express (Trans States Airlines) Jetstream 41s flew to St. Louis. After Trans World merged with American, American Connection (Trans States Airlines) took over operations and continued flying Jetstream 41s to St. Louis until 2006. US Airways Express (Air Midwest) Beechcraft 1900s replaced American Connection. American Connection began flying to Kansas City and St. Louis. Service to St. Louis was later dropped in favor of additional flights to Kansas City.

In 2008, Northwest Airlink (Mesaba Airlines) replaced US Airways Express, flying Saab 340s to Memphis. Later that year, Northwest Airlines merged with Delta Air Lines. In 2010 Delta Connection switched service from Mesaba Airlines to Pinnacle Airlines and began operating CRJ-200s. As part of this update, Delta Connection stopped accepting Essential Air Service subsidies. In June 2012, ExpressJet Airlines replaced Pinnacle Airlines as the Delta Connection carrier at Columbia and service to Atlanta began; in October 2012, service to Memphis was dropped. ExpressJet CRJ-200s flew to Atlanta and Memphis. Delta ceased operations out of Columbia Regional Airport on February 13, 2013.

In August 2012, Frontier Airlines announced plans for twice weekly flights from Columbia to Orlando. In November 2012, Frontier started twice weekly flights to Orlando using Airbus A319 aircraft. Frontier ended service to Orlando on May 13, 2013.

On October 22, 2012, it was announced by then-Columbia mayor Bob McDavid that American Airlines and the City of Columbia reached an agreement that was approved by the Columbia City Council for air service from Columbia to Chicago–O'Hare and Dallas/Fort Worth and service to those two cities began in February 2013.

The 2013 Federal sequester resulted in a planned closure of the airport's contract control tower. The plan was postponed and later canceled.

On February 27, 2017, Columbia and United Airlines officials announced that starting August 1, 2017, there would be one daily flight to Denver and two daily flights to Chicago–O'Hare. The new service lines added an additional 150 seats per day for a total 417 seats per day from Columbia. In April 2019, United Airlines added an additional flight to and from Chicago O'Hare for a total of 3 flights each direction. American Airlines followed suit adding two additional flights to Chicago-O'Hare for a total of 4 in each direction. In total, COU now has seven flights a day to and from Chicago-O'Hare (ORD), three a day to and from Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW), and one a day to and from Denver (DEN). All are operated on 50-76 seat regional jets.

On April 18, 2019, at a coffee round-table discussing the new terminal master plan, future destinations, and parking at the airport, it was revealed the airport hopes to add an additional 200 parking spots as well as have a design for the new terminal by the end of the year. Passengers expressed interest in adding Atlanta, Charlotte, and Las Vegas to the airport's growing list of destinations. As for the new terminal, preliminary sketches uploaded to the airport's website call for adding two more gates (for a total of four) with jet bridges built just to the south of the existing terminal. The new terminal began construction in November 2020 with the terminal grand opening and ribbon cutting ceremony on October 19, 2022.

New Terminal
The new terminal opened on October 26, 2022 with its first full day of operations. The new terminal has additional square footage for future expansions, a new ticketing lobby, baggage claim, larger security checkpoint with room to add more lanes, larger restrooms including gender neutral/family restrooms, mothers' rooms for nursing, a sensory room, an animal relief area, room for concessionaires, and 4 new gates (including jet bridges) with charging stations.

Facilities
The airport covers 1,538 acres (622 ha) at an elevation of 889 feet (271 m). It has two runways: 2/20 is 7,401 by 150 feet (2,256 x 46 m) concrete; 13/31 is 5,500 by 100 feet (1,341 x 23 m) asphalt.

For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2022, the airport had 24,063 aircraft operations, average 66 per day: 79% general aviation, 12% air taxi, 8% airline, and 1% military. In October 2022, there were 32 aircraft based at this airport: 18 single-engine, 3 multi-engine, 9 jet, and 2 helicopter.

In calendar year 2017, the airport had 88,650 enplanements, a 36.36% increase from 65,014 in 2016 and ranked as #243 out of 555 on the list of FAA airports with the most enplanements.

Accidents and incidents

 * On January 30, 1990, a Hawker Siddeley HS-125 operated by Slender You Ltd. diverted and crashed about 2 miles east of Columbia Regional Airport because of fuel starvation, low levels of deice fluid and ice blockage of the fuel filters. One crew member died out of 3 occupants on board.
 * On January 11, 2019, American Eagle Flight 5766, en route from Dallas-Fort Worth, slid off the runway after landing in icy and snowy conditions. The Bombardier CRJ-900, operated by Mesa Airlines, was the first flight to attempt to land at the airport after the ground crew cleared the runway of ice and snow. Reports state the runway was still very slick with ice.

Other sources

 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket OST-2006-23931) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Notice (February 9, 2006): of Trans States Airlines, Inc. d/b/a American Connection submitting notice of its intent to terminate service to Columbia, Missouri, on or after May 9, 2006.
 * Order 2006-4-6 (April 11, 2006): prohibiting Trans States Airlines, Inc., d/b/a American Connection, from suspending its service at Columbia/Jefferson City, Missouri, at the end of its 90-day notice period, and requesting proposals, with or without subsidy requests, from carriers interested in providing replacement service.
 * Order 2006-6-21 (June 26, 2006): selecting Air Midwest, Inc. d/b/a US Airways Express, to provide essential air service at Columbia/Jefferson City, Missouri, for a two-year period at a subsidy of $598,751 annually.
 * Notice (January 21, 2008): Air Midwest, Inc. serving notice of its intent to discontinue scheduled subsidized Essential Air Service between Columbia/Jefferson City, Missouri and both Kansas City, Missouri and St. Louis, Missouri effective April 20, 2008.
 * Order 2008-2-2 (February 6, 2008): prohibiting Air Midwest from terminating its subsidized service at nine communities (Grand Island, NE; McCook, NE; El Dorado/Camden, AR; Harrison, AR; Hot Springs, AR; Jonesboro, AR; Columbia/Jefferson City, MO; Joplin, MO; Kirksville, MO) for 30 days beyond the end of its 90-day notice period, and requesting long term proposals from carriers interested in providing essential air service at any or all of the communities, with or without subsidy, by February 29.
 * Order 2008-5-2 (May 5, 2008): selects Mesaba Aviation, Inc. d/b/a Northwest Airlink to provide essential air service at Columbia/Jefferson City, Missouri, beginning when the carrier inaugurates service through the 24th month thereafter. Scheduled Service: 20 nonstop round trips to Memphis each week. Aircraft type: Saab 340 (34 passenger seats). Annual compensation: $2,186,590.
 * Order 2010-3-35 (March 31, 2010): relying on Delta Air Lines to provide subsidy-free essential air service (EAS) at Columbia/Jefferson City, Missouri, and terminating the carrier-selection case effective September 1, 2010, when the currently effective EAS contract at the community expires.

title: Columbia Regional Airport


text: Talk:Noelle Bush

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Noelle Bush


text:
User talk:Joeferng

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 02:03, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Joeferng


text: Category:Montreal commuter rail

title: Category:Montreal commuter rail


text:
1953 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 12 October 1953. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 77 of the 150 seats in the Storting.

title: 1953 Norwegian parliamentary election


text:
Side reins

Side reins are equipment used when longeing a horse, running from the bit of the bridle to the saddle or surcingle. As a horse training tool, they encourage flexion and softness in the horse's mouth. For longe line work with a rider up who does not carry ordinary riding reins, they help calm and settle the animal. However, they are a tool best used by experienced handlers; used improperly they may unduly restrict the horse's movement or cause an accident.

The side rein
Side reins are made of leather or webbing, sometimes with added elastic, and have several rings or holes for buckles along their length. They are easily adjusted. Some designs have adjustable buckles and attach to the bit with a snap, other designs run through the bit ring, then fold back on themselves and snap to their own rings.

Side reins may be completely of solid material, or they may have an elastic or rubber ring insert. Each design has its advantages and disadvantages. Designs with elastic have more "give" to them, which is useful for sensitive horses or horses that throw their heads. Elastic inserts must be used with caution, however, as some horses learn to lean on them. Solid side reins are the older, classical design, give the horse a more solid contact to work into and discourage leaning, but must be adjusted with greater care because their lack of give may upset a sensitive horse and, particularly if too tight, may provoke rearing, headshaking and even panic in some animals. Side reins with a rubber donut provide some give, although not as much as elastic and so discourage leaning. However, they are heavier and are prone to bounce when the horse trots or canters, which does not provide as steady a contact as the solid or elastic-insert side reins.

Uses of the side rein
Elasticized side reins are often used with training young horses prior to being ridden. They help accustom a horse to the feel of pressure on the bit, and reward the horse when it gives or flexes to bit pressure. Solid side reins are usually used for more advanced horses. They give the horse something to take contact with, encourage balance and correct head carriage, help a horse develop self-carriage, and help stop a horse from over-bending in the neck.

Adjustment of the side rein
Side reins may be attached from the bit rings to the surcingle rings, or from the bit to the buckles of the girth of an English saddle or cinch rings of a western saddle.

Side reins are adjusted longer for less-experienced horses, and gradually shortened and raised higher (from point of shoulder up to the point of hip) as a horse becomes better trained. Side reins should never be so short that the horse's head is pulled behind the vertical. For green horses, the side reins should be adjusted so that the horse's head is approximately 4 inches in front of the vertical and the side reins are attached at a point level with the point of the shoulder.

As the horse becomes more advanced and more physically developed, the side reins may be shortened so the head is nearly vertical to the ground. Side reins should not pull the horse in—they do not create collection. Rather, a properly longed horse will collect himself, and the shorter side reins will be the correct length for him to keep a contact with the bit. Short side reins should not be used for long periods of time.

Side reins should usually be adjusted so they are the same length on each side, though in some cases, the inside rein may be slightly shorter, particularly with a horse that has previously been allowed to develop the habit of arcing its body away from the circle. It is considered correct to fasten the outside rein before the inside rein, similarly to the idea that a rider would take up outside contact before inside rein contact. It is best to make sure that both side reins are adjusted before attaching them to the bit, as it can be irritating to the horse to stand with one side rein attached while the handler is adjusting the other.

Improper adjustment of side reins can cause a horse to go behind the bit, spoil the horse's training, and even cause the horse to feel trapped, leading to rearing and the possibility that the horse will flip over.

When to attach side reins
A horse should always be warmed up and cooled down without the side reins, allowed to stretch long and low. When the side reins are first applied during a workout, they should be adjusted long and gradually shortened as the horse warms up into them. Side reins are only for work in the trot and canter. Working a horse in side reins at the walk, other than in brief transitions can spoil the gait by inhibiting forward motion.

Side reins should not be used for jumping, as they restrict the use of the neck too much, and may even cause the horse to fall.

The sliding side rein/lauffer rein
The sliding side rein gives a bit more freedom to the horse than the standard side rein. It attaches from a lower ring on the surcingle, through the bit ring, and back up to an upper ring on the surcingle. This allows the horse to stretch down and lower his head while still maintaining contact with the bit, and are therefore useful on horses that are tight in the back, carry their head too high, or are learning to stretch forward and down for the bit contact.

Like the side rein, the lauffer rein is adjusted so that the horse has contact with it when his head is at or just in front of the vertical. Green horses should have the lauffer rein attached to a lower and middle surcingle rein, while more advanced horses can have the reins raised to a middle and high ring on the surcingle.

The sliding side rein was designed to be attached to the outside rings of the surcingle, not between the legs. Running the reins between the legs can encourage a horse to get behind the bit and overflex.

title: Side reins


text:
Joplin Regional Airport

Joplin Regional Airport is located 4 mi north of Joplin, in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. It has airline service, which is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025 categorized it as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.

Historical airline service
American Airlines: Mid-1940s until 1963. Joplin was one of many stops on a route between Dallas and Chicago. Ozark Airlines: 1950-1986 to Springfield, MO, St. Louis, Chicago, Tulsa, and Dallas/Fort Worth. Ozark began the first jets to Joplin in 1968 with the Douglas DC-9.

Central Airlines: 1955-1967 to Kansas City, Fayetteville, and Fort Smith. Central merged into Frontier Airlines in 1967.

Frontier Airlines: 1967-1984 to Kansas City, Fayetteville, AR, Fort Smith, Springfield, MO and Little Rock. Direct service to Denver began in 1978 using Boeing 737-200 jets.

Air Midwest (own branding): 1982-1986 and again 1989-1991 to Kansas City, Tulsa, Fayetteville, and Little Rock. Air Midwest also operated a series of major airline Codeshare agreements as noted below.

Resort Air: 1984-1985 to St. Louis. Became Trans World Express in 1985.

Scheduled Skyways: 1985 to Kansas City. Merged into Air Midwest in 1985.

Ozark Midwest: 1985-1986 to St. Louis. Operated by Air Midwest. Ozark merged into TWA in 1986.

Eastern Express: 1986-1988 to Kansas City. Operated by Air Midwest.

Braniff Express: 1988-1989 to Kansas City. Operated by Air Midwest.

USAir Express: 1991-1992 to Kansas City. Operated by Air Midwest.

Northwest Airlink: 1986-2002 to Memphis. Operated by Mesaba Airlines and Pinnacle Airlines.

Trans World Express: 1985-2001 to St. Louis. Operated by Resort Air which later changed to Trans States Airlines. TWA merged into American Airlines in 2001 providing American Connection service.

Lone Star Airlines: 1991-1995 to Dallas/Fort Worth, St. Louis, and Columbia, MO.

Ozark Airlines (second): 2000-2001 to Dallas/Fort Worth and Chicago-Midway (one stop at Columbia, MO).

American Connection: 2001-2006 to St. Louis (formerly Trans World Express). Operated by Trans States Airlines.

US Airways Express: 2006-2008 to Kansas City. Operated by Air Midwest

Mesa Airlines: October 5, 2006 through 2007 to Dallas/Fort Worth.

Great Lakes Airlines: 2008 through February 10, 2011 to Kansas City.

American Eagle: February 11, 2011 through May 31, 2021 to Dallas/Fort Worth. Flights to Chicago-O'Hare began on June 6, 2019 and were operated by Executive Airlines, American Eagle Airlines, Envoy Air, ExpressJet, Mesa Airlines, and SkyWest Airlines. American Eagle first began service with 64-passenger ATR-72 prop aircraft then upgraded with Regional Jets in 2012. All American Eagle service ended due to a significant drop in traffic caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

United Express: June 1, 2021 - present to Denver, Chicago-O'Hare, and Houston Intercontinental. The Houston flights were dropped in late 2021.

Joplin had operated under the Essential Air Service program but graduated from the program in the 2010s after passenger traffic greatly increased with the American Eagle regional jet service. Joplin then returned to the EAS program after traffic dropped significantly with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

On March 10, 2022, the current provider, SkyWest Airlines dba United Express, filed to withdraw service to Joplin and 28 other cities served under the EAS program, citing a shortage of pilots.

Facilities
The airport covers 970 acre at an elevation of 981 ft. It has two asphalt runways: 13/31 is 6,501 by 150 feet (1,982 × 46 m) and 18/36 is 6,502 by 100 feet (1,982 × 30 m).

For the year ending December 31, 2022 the airport had 17,868 aircraft operations, an average of 49 per day: 86% general aviation, 13% air taxi, 1% military, and <1% airline. At that time, there were 128 aircraft based at this airport: 105 single-engine, 10 multi-engine, 8 jets, 2 helicopter and 3 ultralights.

The fixed-base operator (FBO) at Joplin Regional Airport is Mizzou Aviation, near the General Aviation terminal.

Other sources

 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket OST-2006-23932) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Order 2006-5-11 (May 12, 2006): selecting Air Midwest, Inc., d/b/a US Airways Express, to provide essential air service at Joplin, Missouri, for a two-year period at a subsidy of $849,757 annually.
 * Order 2008-7-8 (July 3, 2008): selecting Great Lakes Airlines, Ltd. to provide subsidized essential air service (EAS) at Grand Island, Nebraska; Joplin, Missouri; El Dorado/Camden, Harrison, and Hot Springs, Arkansas; at a combined annual subsidy of $9,159,331 ($2,271,640 for Grand Island, $2,311,637 for El Dorado/Camden, $1,587,067 for Harrison, $1,991,307 for Hot Springs, and $997,680 for Joplin), for a two-year period beginning when Great Lakes inaugurates full EAS through the end of the 24th month thereafter.
 * Order 2010-9-9 (September 8, 2010): selecting Executive Airlines d/b/a American Eagle Airlines to provide essential air service (EAS) at Joplin, Missouri, for an annual subsidy of $2,778,756, for a two-year period beginning when the carrier inaugurates service.

title: Joplin Regional Airport


text:
Talk:He Who Cannot Be Named

Isn't it "He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named" in Harry Potter? --Zippanova 02:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC) +May also be referencing writings of Anton Lavey --FIUFASA 22:43, 16  march 2010  —Preceding unsigned comment added by FIUFASA (talk • contribs)--FIUFASA (talk) 02:50, 17 March 2010 (UTC)FIUFASA 22:49

title: Talk:He Who Cannot Be Named


text: Talk:Southern Sudan

title: Talk:Southern Sudan


text:
1949 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 10 October 1949. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 85 of the 150 seats in the Storting.

title: 1949 Norwegian parliamentary election


text:
User talk:El Cid

Archive

Talk Here
El Cid. This is CavemanEconomist. Your note on my "Jeffrey Hummel Rogers" (Now "Draft:Jeffrey Hummel Rogers") entry stated that there are no references. There are four references: three to San Jose State University's website and one to the Independent Institute's site. Are those not acceptable? If not, why not? Hummel's work is cited hundreds of times throughout Wikipedia, so I think that an entry on him is important. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by CavemanEconomist (talk • contribs) 15:05, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Milkandcereal.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Milkandcereal.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk  03:19, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Completing the list of USC Trojans football seasons
Hi El Cid, sure, I can help with cataloging seasons for USC using the "USC Trojans under [coach]" article standard. I'll be happy to help out with a portion of the USC season cataloging. I should note I may be a little on the slow side, due to the following: That being said, let me know when you're ready to divvy up USC seasons. OCNative (talk) 09:09, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) As you probably noticed from when you saw my interest in USC listed, I do have Stanford listed as my first team, so my edits tend to be more toward Stanford articles than USC articles (indeed, I list 7 Stanford articles in my "Sample of Work" section).  I'm also the only participant in the College Football WikiProject who lists an interest in Stanford.  I've done 6 Stanford seasons, other users have done 11, there's 86 (!) to go, so perhaps finishing USC season cataloging will get me on a roll through the Stanford ones.  In light of the dull season Stanford's having, I'll probably be more effective post-Orange Bowl but could certainly start before then.
 * 2) I also do a lot of political articles.  Numerous politicians are taking office during the December-January period.  The Governor of California, various California state officials, and the new members of the US Congress all take office on January 3, 2011, which, ironically, is the same day as the Orange Bowl.
 * I'll take Jess Hill and Don Clark at this point, and when I'm done, we can touch base to see what still needs to be done. Although looking at the seasons, what are your thoughts on a "USC Trojans football, 1951-1959" article instead of separate "USC Trojans football under Jess Hill" and "USC Trojans football under Don Clark" articles since Hill and Clark had relatively short (and conveniently consecutive) tenures? OCNative (talk) 05:34, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd probably stick with coach articles. It retains consistency, more details about the tenure of each coach can be added to the intro paragraph, and it provides a bit of context about the successes and failures that lead to coach hirings. ― El Cid ∴∵ 17:13, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

KXSC
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a search with the contents of KXSC, and it appears to be very similar to another Wikipedia page: KSCR (USC AM radio station). It is possible that you have accidentally duplicated contents, or made an error while creating the page— you might want to look at the pages and see if that is the case. If you are intentionally trying to rename an article, please see Help:Moving a page for instructions on how to do this without copying and pasting. If you are trying to move or copy content from one article to a different one, please see Copying within Wikipedia and be sure you have acknowledged the duplication of material in an edit summary to preserve attribution history.

It is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article. CorenSearchBot (talk) 06:53, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

Hi, and thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you recently tried to give a page a different title by copying its content and pasting either the same content, or an edited version of it, into another page with a different name. This is known as a "cut and paste move", and it is undesirable because it splits the page history, which is needed for attribution and various other purposes. Instead, the software used by Wikipedia has a feature that allows pages to be moved to a new title together with their edit history.

In most cases, once your account is four days old and has ten edits, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page. This both preserves the page history intact and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. If you cannot perform a particular page move yourself this way (e.g. because a page already exists at the target title), please follow the instructions at requested moves to have it moved by someone else. Also, if there are any other pages that you moved by copying and pasting, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Cut and paste move repair holding pen. Thank you. DMacks (talk) 22:06, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I reverted your manual edits and did the formal renaming. DMacks (talk) 22:07, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

Tokyo Subway Map
Hello, El Cid! I found your map of Tokyo subway in Wikimedia Commons. Do you by any chance have this image in higher resolution? Or maybe an editable file? I would like to reproduce this image. Thank you in advance for your response.

Wikidajło (talk) 12:36, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately that's the biggest I ever made the file was the one on Commons. There is an editable file, but it's in the GIMP format, and not high-resolution at all, and I don't know how much help it would be.  Besides, there have been better images made for the map since then.  Still, there's the link to the .xcf file should you want to take a look.

 * https://rapidshare.com/files/4060114634/tokyosubway.xcf

 * ― El Cid ∴∵ 00:10, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for December 1
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File:Kit body redpinstripes.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Kit body redpinstripes.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Stefan2 (talk) 11:59, 27 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Nomination of Brunching Shuttlecocks for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Brunching Shuttlecocks is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Brunching Shuttlecocks& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. †Basilosauridae ❯❯❯Talk  20:16, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Milk and Cereal for deletion
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title: User talk:El Cid


text:
Talk:Faulun Gong

Should be merged into main Falun Gong --- Mike 02:11, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Faulun Gong


text:
Pachakutiq

Pachakutiq (Quechua), Pachakutik (Kichwa) or Pachakuti (Hispanicized spellings Pachacutec, Pachacútec, Pachacuti) may refer to:
 * Pachacuti, an Inca emperor
 * Pachakutiq (Arequipa-Moquegua), a mountain on the border of the Arequipa Region and the Moquegua Region, Peru
 * Pachakutiq (Cusco), a mountain in the Cusco Region, Peru
 * Pachakutiq (Moquegua), a mountain in the Moquegua Region, Peru
 * Pachakutiq (Puno), a mountain in the Puno Region, Peru

title: Pachakutiq


text:
WORA-TV

WORA-TV (channel 5) is a television station in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, affiliated with ABC and owned by Telecinco Media Holdings. WORA-TV's studios are located on Ponce de León Avenue in Santurce, with additional studios at the Guanajibo Building in Mayagüez. The station's transmitter is located at Monte del Estado in Maricao.

WRFB (channel 5) in Carolina operates as a full-time satellite of WORA-TV, serving San Juan and eastern Puerto Rico.

History
Founded by Alfredo Ramírez de Arellano y Bártoli in 1955, WORA-TV was the first television station on Puerto Rico's west coast and the third station islandwide after WKAQ-TV and WAPA-TV (established in the same year earlier). The station was named for then-sister station WORA radio (760 AM), which one year later was joined by WORA-FM (97.5 FM, now WIOB), the first FM broadcaster on the west coast. During its early years, the station produced its own programming, but its schedule eventually shifted toward infomercials, possibly due to the lack of interest from local businesses in advertising on television. In 1969, WORA-TV became a repeater station for WRIK-TV, airing their programming on the west coast of the island.

In 1979, WORA-TV entered into an affiliation agreement with San Juan-based WAPA-TV, ending its run as a locally-run independent station. After that, most television stations on the island's western coast followed suit. By joining economically stronger stations from the San Juan market, market divisions on the island ended.

In 1985, WORA-TV changed its affiliation agreement to WKAQ-TV, and on January 1, 1995, it began a new affiliation agreement with WLII.

On September 19, 2014, it was announced that WORA would become an ABC affiliate on November 1, 2014, replacing low-power station WPRU-LP, carrying the network on a subchannel branded as ABC 5.

On January 1, 2015, WORA-TV again become a semi-satellite of WKAQ-TV on channel 5.1. Univision programming moved to WOLE-DT channel 12, on the same date. On March 9, 2015, WORA's third digital subchannel added a new channel, Vive, which broadcast series from Televisión Española. Vive later switched to a simulcast of the 24H news channel from TVE on July 1, 2019.

On June 27, 2019, WORA-TV announced that it would end its affiliation with WKAQ-TV by December 31, leaving Telemundo without a western affiliate after more than four years; later, Hemisphere Media Group, the owners of WAPA-TV, announced that Telemundo would air on a subchannel of WAPA-owned WNJX-TV on January 1, 2020. On December 18, WORA-TV announced that ABC programming would move the station's primary channel on January 1, 2020.

On December 1, 2020, WORA-TV, WRFB and its translator stations launched Telecinco (subchannel 5.4), a new independent station combining news programming from RT and horse racing from Hipodromo Camarero. It was the second major change on the multiplex; earlier that year, the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico began offering online classes as "Inter Online TV" on subchannel 5.2. On March 1, 2022, the station removed RT programming after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, replacing it with Deutsche Welle.

Programming
In addition to ABC network programming, WORA-TV airs some local programming in Spanish, mostly on Sunday afternoons.

News operation
WORA-TV had a small news division branded WORA-TV Noticias, which aired during WKAQ-TV's Telenoticias news broadcasts on the Telemundo subchannel. These 15- to 30-minute news segments focus on events happening in and around Mayagüez and Puerto Rico's west coast. On June 28, 2019, the day after the end of the WKAQ rebroadcast agreement was announced, WORA-TV laid off 19 employees and closed its entire news department.

Currently, WORA-TV airs a simulcast of WABC-TV's Eyewitness News. Unlike most ABC affiliates, which produce their local newscasts in English, WORA-TV produces their local newscasts in Spanish. The local programs, Directo y Sin Filtro (hosted by Limarys Suarez, Carmen Jovet, and Jonathan Lebrón Ayala) and Primetime (hosted by Nicole Marie Colón), are broadcast in the evening.

On April 14, 2021, after nearly two years without a regional news operation, WORA-TV announced its return to news programming with the launch of ABC News Extra, a local 7 p.m. weeknight newscast anchored by Veronique Abreu Tañon and Yarimar Marrero.

Local programs produced by WORA-TV

 * ABC News Extra
 * Directo y Sin Filtro
 * Primetime
 * De Show con Gricel
 * Fan Zone
 * La Gran Entrevista
 * Veronique
 * Juan de Vega de Show
 * Por las Fiestas de mi Pueblo
 * Turismo con Perea
 * Muy Interesante

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WORA-TV ended regular programming on its analog signal over VHF channel 5, on June 12, 2009, the official date when full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 29, using virtual channel 5.

As part of the SAFER Act, WORA-TV kept its analog signal on the air until June 26 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters.

Translator stations
WORA-TV and its subchannels can be seen across Puerto Rico on the following stations:

 * Carolina: WRFB 5.1
 * Fajardo: W05DA-D
 * Mayagüez: W05CY-D
 * Mayagüez: W10BG-D
 * Ponce: W05DB-D
 * San Lorenzo: W29EE-D

title: WORA-TV


text:
The American (statue)

The American is a proposed 217 ft (66 m) bronze statue of a Native American, created by sculptor Shan Gray, and currently proposed for construction in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, near Tulsa.

The statue was originally proposed to be built at Holmes Peak in southeastern Osage County, located about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Tulsa and the highest point in the immediate region with an altitude of 1030 ft (314 m). The site was adjacent to the grounds of Tulsa's Centennial Botanical Garden (now called the Tulsa Botanic Garden).

According to the proposal, The American, designed in the image of an American Indian brave with a bald eagle on his shoulder, will rise 60 ft (20 m) taller than the Statue of Liberty, and will be the largest bronze statue in the world with an interior observation deck. The eagle will have an 82 ft (25 m) wingspan.

Gray, who is Osage, and has built a career on large-scale sculptures of Oklahoman sports figures such as New York Yankees pitcher Allie "Superchief" Reynolds and Heisman trophy winner Billy Vessels, conceived The American as an entry for a contest to design a statue for the dome of the Oklahoma State Capitol, which was added to the building in 2001. Initially intended for the outskirts of Oklahoma City, the Tulsa location was selected after investor disinterest. The design was enlarged for the landmark Holmes Peak site and for visitor access, and will include a visitor center and other amenities and underground access to the statue, rather than directly at the base, to preserve the natural setting.

According to a statement by developers in Spring 2007, the project was anticipated to break ground in late 2007 and be completed in 2011. It was originally intended for the 100th anniversary of Oklahoma's admission as a U.S. state in 1907. However, as of 2016, the project remained unbuilt. In April 2011, the Osage Nation appropriated $2.5 million as a potential contribution toward the project, but the tribe's investment entity then decided not to accept the appropriation.

In 2012, it was reported that the city of Sand Springs was working with Gray to build the statue, possibly at a different location within the city limits of Sand Springs, and in June 2013, the city council approved funding for an engineering study. The Wall Street Journal wrote about the project in August 2013 and noted the project would fit in with two existing large scale sculptures in Tulsa: the Praying Hands on the campus of Oral Roberts University and the Golden Driller at the Tulsa Expo Center.

title: The American (statue)


text:
Kirksville Regional Airport

Kirksville Regional Airport is four miles south of Kirksville, Missouri, on the west side of US highway 63. One airline schedules passenger flights, subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 684 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 926 in 2009 and 2,127 in 2010. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

Cape Air is the current airline, averaging 900 to 1,000 passengers per month on three daily round trips to St. Louis Lambert International Airport. After Cape Air notified the city in November 2022 of their plans to terminate their service, the Kirksville City Council approved a contract on February 6, 2023 with Contour Airlines, with service beginning in June to Chicago O'Hare International Airport.

History
Local resident Nick Sparling is credited as being Adair County's first aviator, in 1909. In 1924, Roy B. "Cap" Dodson started the first airport in the area, located on the north edge of Kirksville. However, an airfield at the present location of Kirksville Regional Airport wasn't created until 1930 when the Federal Aviation Administration built a series of emergency landing strips across the nation. With America's entry into World War II, the Kirksville Municipal Airport, as it had been declared in the late 1930s, received a major upgrade from the Civilian Pilots Training Program and the US Army Air Corps War Training Service. In 1942 a paved all-weather landing strip, hangars, a control tower and small restaurant were built; the paved runway was 3870 ft until 1968.

In 1960, Ozark Air Lines began scheduled flights. The Ozark route began in Kansas City to Chicago with stops in Kirksville, Ottumwa, Cedar Rapids, Iowa and Moline, Illinois. Airport improvements came after a bond issue was approved by Kirksville voters in 1967. A new six-thousand foot concrete runway was built, as well as a new terminal building and improved hangar facilities. The longer runway was needed for the faster Fairchild prop-jet that began flights to Kirksville in late 1968. Also in the 1960s, Ozark switched Kirksville service from a Kansas City-Chicago route to a Des Moines-to-St. Louis one. With the airport improvements came a new name, Clarence Cannon Memorial Airport—chosen to honor long-time US Congressman Clarence Cannon of Missouri who had done much to help secure air service and funding for the airport.

Ozark Airlines found flew their final route on April 23, 1976. Fortunately a local pilot and dentist, Dr. Stephen Barber, has established a small commuter air service, Horizon Airways, in 1972. Horizon was able to help fill the void left by Ozarks departure, eventually expanding to five aircraft and service to both Kansas City and St. Louis.

Air Choice One began scheduled flight operations twice daily, to and from Lambert-St. Louis International Airport during July 2009. Scheduled operations are currently subsidized by the Essential Air Service Act. Previously service was operated by Air Midwest (operating as US Airways Express) to Kansas City International Airport and by RegionsAir (operating as American Connection) with flights to Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. In September, 2010 Cape Air replaced Air Choice One.

In November 2022, Cape Air notified Kirksville of their plans to terminate service. However, the airline was still required to continue their flights until the city selected a replacement. The Kirksville City Council approved a contract on February 6, 2023 with Contour Airlines, with 12 flights per week beginning in June to Chicago O'Hare International Airport.

Facilities
The airport covers 476 acres (193 ha) at an elevation of 966 feet (294 m). It has two runways: 18/36 is 6,005 by 100 feet (1,830 x 30 m) concrete; 9/27 is 1,370 by 100 feet (418 x 30 m) turf.

In the year ending April 30, 2023 the airport had 5,888 aircraft operations, average 113 per week: 50% general aviation, 37% airline, 12% air taxi, and <1% military. 20 aircraft were then based at the airport: 17 single-engine, 2 multi-engine, and 1 jet.

Incidents

 * On October 19, 2004, Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 crashed on approach to Kirksville. Thirteen individuals died and two sustained injuries. The National Transportation Safety Board determined pilot error to be the cause of the accident.
 * On May 12, 2005 a Midwest Airlines Boeing 717 made an emergency landing at Kirksville Regional Airport after encountering icing and subsequent pilot induced loss of control. To date it is the largest aircraft to have landed at Kirksville Airport.
 * On November 5, 2013 American business executive Robert Groh, President of Geo-Syntheics, LLC, and an instructor pilot were killed when their plane crashed on final approach to Kirksville Regional Airport. The plane, a Piper PA-32 Saratoga, went down in a rural area of Adair County approximately 2.5 miles northeast of the runway shortly after a radio check-in with airport personnel. At that time the pilot reported no difficulties. The plane was on a cross-country flight from Centennial Airport near Denver, Colorado to Waukesha, Wisconsin, the home city for Geo-Syntheics.

Other sources

 * Essential Air Service documents (Docket DOT-OST-1997-2515) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
 * Order 2005-6-14: re-selecting RegionsAir, Inc. d/b/a American Connection, formerly known as Corporate Airlines (RegionsAir), to provide subsidized essential air service (EAS) at each of the above communities for a new two-year period from June 1, 2005, through May 31, 2007
 * Order 2006-8-19: selecting Air Midwest, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Mesa Air Group, Inc., d/b/a US Airways Express (Air Midwest), to provide essential air service (EAS) at Kirksville, Missouri, at an annual subsidy rate of $627,100. This rate and carrier selection will become effective for the two-year period beginning when Air Midwest replaces RegionsAir, Inc. (formerly Corporate Airlines, Inc.), d/b/a American Connection (RegionsAir) at Kirksville.
 * Order 2008-5-2: selecting Multi-Aero, Inc. d/b/a Air Choice One to provide essential air service at Kirksville, Missouri with 11 nonstop stop round trips each week to St. Louis on 6 or 9-seat Twin Engine aircraft. Annual subsidy rate $806,169.

title: Kirksville Regional Airport


text:
Talk:Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!

Untitled
Not sure what to make of this, but it appears that this text appears in the following article: http://www.onelang.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Saint-Louis-du-Ha!_Ha!,_Quebec. Not sure if this is them copying from you (if so, they don't give attribution to Wikipedia) or the author of the Wikipedia article copying from them, but it bears looking at.

thanks.

 * There copying from us. It saids so at the bottom of the page. -- Banana04131 23:57, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello. Creator of the page talking, and that link is dead. I guess they must have deleted the page. Mrinsanity 17:14, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Ha-ha
Might someone consider it worth while to incorporate some kind of link to the Ha-ha article here? 84.129.172.238 (talk) 20:24, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

HA HA
I'M FISHING ON THE RIVER!  Oc t  ane  [ improve me? ] 11.02.09 0538 (UTC)

Requested move
move. Request move to Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha! as Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha! redirects here, my search for Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha! excluding Canada, Quebec, Québec, Que, QC, PQ and G0L 3S0 comes up with 1,900+ results, of which none look like they actually relate to anything remotely like "Saint-Louis-du-Ha!" as a whole, I think it is safe to assume that this is the primary use, propose move per WP:CANSTYLE. kelapstick (talk) 19:36, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Support. Note that if you search for the specific term (with same restrictions as above), there are no web hits. Mind  matrix  20:18, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Support as unique place name with no need for disambiguation as per WP:CANSTYLE. Double Blue  (talk) 21:05, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Support Per DoubleBlue, no need to be specific with a unique place name definetely since the article -Quebec is a redirect here.-- Giants27 ( c  |  s ) 22:40, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Support Clearly WP:PRIMARYUSAGE as the only town known on earth with two exclamation points. Dl2000 (talk) 02:06, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Support, for the reasons already stated. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:15, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Why the exclamation marks?
The similarly unique town of Westward Ho! Has a Wikipedia page including an explanation of the "!", why is Saint-Louis-du-Ha!-Ha! not simply called Saint-Louis-du-Ha-Ha ? 2A02:C7F:2246:5600:25D1:88B:BA33:8D4C (talk) 11:40, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!


text:
Innisfail (territorial electoral district)

Innisfail was a territorial electoral district in Northwest Territories, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1902 to 1905.|

History
The district was named after the Town of Innisfail.

Innisfail would continue as the Innisfail electoral district, one of the 25 original electoral districts contested in the 1905 Alberta general election upon Alberta joining Confederation in September 1905.


text:
Tunstall, Staffordshire

Tunstall is one of the six towns that, along with Burslem, Longton, Fenton, Hanley and Stoke-upon-Trent, amalgamated to form the City of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England. It was one of the original six towns that federated to form the city. Tunstall is the most northern, and fourth largest town of the Potteries. It is situated in the very northwest of the city borough, with its north and west boundaries being the city limit. It stands on a ridge of land between Fowlea Brook to the west and Scotia Brook to the east, surrounded by old tile-making and brick-making sites, some of which date back to the Middle Ages.

History
There is no independent record of Tunstall in the Domesday Book; it is believed to have formed part of the lands of Richard the forester, centred on Thursfield. However, Tunstall Manor quickly became powerful. Between 1212 and 1273, Tunstall, Bemersley, Burslem, Chatterley, Chell, Oldcott, and Thursfield, Whitfield and Bemersley are mentioned as distinct manors or vills; all but Chell had merged within the manor of Tunstall by the end of the 13th century. From the 16th century, Tunstall Manor covered an area which extended to the Cheshire border and included the following additional townships: Chell, Ravenscliffe, Sneyd, Brieryhurst, Stadmorslow and Wedgwood. Records mention that iron and coal were being mined and processed in the town as far back as 1282.

The appointment of a market-reeve by the manor court in 1525 is the earliest indication of a market in Tunstall manor. In 1816, a market square of nearly an acre (now Tower Square) was laid out on land called Stony Croft which was leased from the lord of the manor, and small-scale markets began to be held.

Tunstall remained a linear village until the industrial revolution. Tunstall's main make-up is now of rows of Victorian terraced houses, which were built during the pottery boom to house workers. There are a number of new estates that have been built in the area. Park Terrace consists of elegant Victorian and Edwardian townhouses and is a designated conservation area, as is the housing around Victoria Park.

The town was granted urban district status in 1894 and quickly set about expanding itself, acquiring amongst others Pitts Hill from Chell civil parish in 1899. On 1 April 1910, the UDC dissolved itself and the town was federated into the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent. By 1925 the borough was granted city status. Tunstall has however, remained distinct and retained its own shopping and business district, adding to Stoke-on-Trent's polycentric nature.

On 27 November 1916, German Zeppelin LZ 61 (L21) bombed Tunstall during its return leg to Germany, dropping three bombs. However, it was shot down the following day before it could reach the coast at Lowestoft.

Trade journals and gazetteers
The village of Tunstall was described in 1795 as "the pleasantest village in the pottery".

"'Tunstall, including its environs, is the pleasantest village in the pottery. It stands on high ground and commands pleasing prospects. The manufactories in it are respectable and do considerable business. There are a number of brick and tile works here; the clay being of a superior kind for such articles; so that with good management the tiles made from it look as well as moderate slate. The Methodists have a large neat Chapel in this place. which is well attended. They have lately established a Sunday School, supported by voluntary contributions, and the teachers give their labours gratis.'"

"'TUNSTALL is a considerable village within the township of Tunstall Court, a liberty in the parish of Woolstanton, four miles from Newcastle, pleasantly situated on an eminence, deriving its name from the Saxon word, tun or ton, a town, and stall, an elevated place, seat or station.' 'In this township abounds coal, ironstone, marl and fine cannel coal; and the manufactories of earthenware are very extensive here.'"

"'Tunstall.— town with ry. sta., Wolstanton par., Staffordshire, on the Grand Trunk Canal, 2½ miles NE. and within the parliamentary limits of Newcastle under Lyme, 690 ac., pop. 14,244; P.O., T.O., 3 Banks. Tunstall shares in the industries of the Potteries. It has rapidly risen from a village to a considerable town, with a fine town hall in the centre of a spacious market-place.'"

Potters
There is evidence of small-scale pottery manufacturing in Tunstall from the 14th century. However, Tunstall was one of the last of towns in the Potteries to begin large scale pottery manufacturing, with the main focus being on farming, and to a lesser extent, coal & iron mining and mills. Thus Tunstall was not affected by the 1842 Pottery Riots. However, Tunstall still has a rich industrial heritage. At the start of the 19th century there were 3 pottery works in the town, by the close of the century that number had risen to 13. Famous potters located in the town have been the Adams dynasty of potters founded by William Adams, as well as Alfred Meakin, Booths founded by Enoch Booth and Enoch Wedgwood, and W H Grindley founded in 1880 by William Harry Grindley. Robert Beswick, father of Beswick Pottery founder James Wright Beswick, began making pottery in Tunstall. Jabez Vodrey is a noted emigrant potter, the first English potter west of the Appalachian Mountains. Clarice Cliff (20 January 1899 – 23 October 1972) was an English ceramic industrial artist active from 1922 to 1963. Charles Shaw was a 19th-century potter whose in-depth autobiography has given some of the clearest insights into the Victorian Potteries, and provided Arnold Bennett with inspiration for his Clayhanger novels. Tunstall became widely known for its tiles, regarded to be as good as slate. Decorative ceramic tiles are still made in Tunstall by H and R Johnson-Richards Tiles.

Transport
Tunstall's industries were served by the Trent and Mersey Canal, constructed over 11 years from 1766. The canal was designed by James Brindley, a resident of Turnhurst Hall in nearby Chell. Just north of Tunstall lies one of Brindley's greatest achievements, the Harecastle Tunnel, which takes the Trent and Mersey Canal underneath Goldenhill. Barges were 'legged' through by men lying on their backs on top of the barges and pushing against the roof with their feet. This was physically demanding and slow, causing major delays, so in 1827 leading civil engineer Thomas Telford was commissioned to provide a second, and wider, parallel tunnel with a towpath. Today the Harecastle Tunnels are the fourth longest canal tunnels in the UK.

Tunstall was served by a railway station, which was opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 1 December 1873. This closed under the Beeching Axe in 1965 with the removal of the Potteries Loop Line. Today Tunstall lies roughly equidistant between Longport and Kidsgrove railway stations on the Stafford to Manchester Line, a branch of the West Coast Main Line (Network Rail Route 18). There are also direct services to Crewe and Derby. It is also well served by buses provided by: Baker Coaches, Clowes Coaches, D&G Coaches, Wardle Transport and First Potteries, connecting Tunstall to all surrounding settlements.

The A50 is the main arterial route through Tunstall, running from Warrington to Leicester via Stoke and Derby. Tunstall is linked to the A500 "D-road", which passes just west of the town, by the new A527 linkway the town connecting Tunstall and the rest of Stoke-on-Trent to the M6 motorway. Slightly further east the A34 runs north–south, towards Manchester and Newcastle-under-Lyme respectively.

Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).

Other information
The outskirts of Tunstall became home to a new public art statue called Golden in 2015. The 69 ft (21 m) steel work of art by Wolfgang Buttress was privately funded with £180,000 Section 106 monies secured during the construction of the Blue Planet eco-warehouse.

The Phoenix Trust, an independent not-for-profit foundation, is campaigning to turn Tunstall and the wider North Staffordshire Coalfield into a World Heritage Site due to its historic economic significance, leading role in the industrial revolution and status as the birthplace of Primitive Methodism.

Tunstall has had a rise in well-known shops in recent years, notably with the construction of Alexandra Retail Park. These developments have, however, been felt to be to the detriment of Tunstall's traditional town centre shops and market. The town's shops got together in 2003–4 to buy a good amount of Christmas décor and now it is traditional to go and watch Tunstall lights have their grand switch on.

A recognisable Tunstall, renamed Turnhill, features in the novels of Arnold Bennett.

There are a number of Grade II listed buildings in Tunstall, notably: Tunstall Market Hall, Tunstall Town Hall, Christ Church, Church of the Sacred Heart, the world's first Primitive Methodist chapel, the clock tower in Tower Square, Tunstall library and public baths, Victoria Park and structures, and the lodge and canal portals at Harecastle Tunnel. There are also three conservation areas: Tower Square, Park Terrace and Victoria Park & surrounding housing.

By the closing years of the 19th century, most urban areas in the UK were suffering from pollution and poor health. To this end Tunstall Urban district began a series of improvements works shortly after its foundation, including the Victoria Public Baths- which opened in 1897. In this year, work commenced on Victoria Park, also known as Tunstall Park. The park was devised by the council's architect Absalom Reade Wood (1851–1922). By 1914 the park had largely taken its present form, covering 21 acres. It is now Grade II listed. Tunstall Victoria Park Trust, a registered charity, was founded in 2009 to engage the public and help decide how the money donated by the Reginald Johnson Foundation for improving the park should be used.

The Golden Torch, on Hose Street, was a famous Northern Soul club, founded by Christopher Burton, a contemporary of Ivor Abadi (founder of the Twisted Wheel club), and Russ Winstanley of the famous Wigan Casino. It opened on 30 January 1965 with the headline act of Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas. Initially a mod club, it did not begin regular soul nights until 1969. It played host to DJs such as Peter Stringfellow. Following the closure of Manchester's Twisted Wheel soul club, in 1971 The Torch began putting on its own Soul All-Nighters. However, it became a victim of its own success, with regular police presences, drug taking and overcrowding. When the club came to renew its licence on 16 March 1973 Stoke-on-Trent council refused the renewal, without a licence the club simply fizzled out, paving the way for the Wigan Casino.

The Tunstall Wakes were held on the first Sunday after the feast of St. Margaret (20 July), the saint to whom Wolstanton church is dedicated. The wakes were abolished in 1879, but soon revived by popular demand.

Tunstall was home to the independent Frink School of Figurative Sculpture, which occupied a fine old factory (and former Old Court) in Roundwell Street for a number of years until about 2004. The Frink School was named after British sculptor Elisabeth Frink and was a small intimate academy with a specific discipline of study closer in spirit to a master and apprentice structure than an educational institution. This has since moved to nearby Leek.

Today, the area is served by many primary schools, and secondary schools include Co-op Academy Stoke-on-Trent, Ormiston Horizon Academy and St Margaret Ward Catholic Academy.

Regeneration
Dransfield created Jasper Square which is occupied by stores including Poundland, Argos and Matalan. The company later began construction on a project called Alexandra Park adjacent to the previous project. The park contains a Primary Care Centre, Boots, Carphone Warehouse and DW Health and Fitness Club. The final phase of development was completed in February 2014 and added Home Bargains, Iceland and Card Factory. The park contains "The Shard", a stainless steel sculpture celebrating the area's historic pottery industry. It was created by Robert Erskine. In 2014, long-term plans for another retail park and Morrisons supermarket were cancelled.

The landmark HSBC bank on the high street was bought over by digital marketing agency Netinspire and insolvency practitioner Dunion & Co. The 1920s period property was fully refurbished, while retaining the building's original exterior, to house Netinspire and Dunion & Co's modern offices. In 2020, the building was purchased by Gateway Psychology, a private psychological service for children, young people and families. Gateway Psychology are based on The Boulevard pedestrian walkway, adjacent to the old bank. The psychology service has undertaken an extensive renovation project, reusing and renovating as many original features as possible (like the original parquet blocks discovered under the carpeting). The old bank is currently used as office and therapy space for staff and clients, with a doorway to connect the bank to the therapeutic facility next door.

Famous residents

 * William Adams (1746–1805) was a maker of fine jasperware.
 * James Steele (1765–1827) was the eldest Founding Father of Primitive Methodism and one of seventeen Private Subscribers who helped finance the creation and development of Tunstall market and the founding of the towns Georgian courthouse of 1816.
 * Thomas Podmore, Master Potter (1791–1869) was the eldest founding father of Podmore Walker & Co of Tunstall. The company was founded in 1834 and went onto achieve global success with exports of pottery to the United States, Canada & Australia.
 * Hugh Bourne (1772–1852) was the joint founder of Primitive Methodism.
 * Jabez Vodrey (1795–1861) first English potter west of the Appalachian Mountains.
 * Enoch Wedgwood (1813–1879) English potter, founder in 1860 of the pottery firm Wedgwood & Co.
 * Charles Shaw (1832–1906) potter whose autobiography provided insight into the Victorian Potteries and Tunstall.
 * Jimmy Yates (1869–1922) English professional footballer, 163 appearances
 * John "Jack" Farrell (1873–1947) professional footballer, 162 appearances
 * William Harold Coltman, VC, DCM & Bar, MM & Bar, (1891–1974) the most decorated British OR of WW1,
 * Clarice Cliff (1899–1972) a famous ceramic artist was born in the town.
 * Susie Cooper (1902–1995), ceramic artist & designer.
 * Henry "Harry" O'Grady (1907–1990) professional English footballer, 99 appearances
 * Muriel Pemberton (1909-1993), fashion designer, painter and academic, born in Tunstall
 * Wilfred Lewis Warren (1929–1994) historian of medieval England.
 * Leslie Hulme, known as Ken Barrie (1933–2016) was the voice of Postman Pat
 * Selwyn Davies Whalley (1934–2008) former English footballer, 178 appearances for Port Vale F.C.
 * Robbie Williams, (born 1974) is famous pop star, grew up in Tunstall, educated in nearby Chell.
 * Martin Paterson, (born 1987) professional footballer in the US, was born in the town.

title: Tunstall, Staffordshire


text:
Southeast Christian Church

Southeast Christian Church is an Evangelical multi-site megachurch based in Louisville, Kentucky. It has transitioned away from its former denomination, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). , it is the eighth-largest church in the United States by average weekend attendance.

On March 10, 2019, longtime Teaching Pastor, Kyle Idleman assumed senior leadership.

History
The church was established on July 1, 1962, as 53 members of the South Louisville Christian Church started a new church in the Hikes Point area. By 1998, the church had relocated to – and outgrown – numerous buildings until reaching its current location at 920 Blankenbaker Parkway in Louisville. Former Senior Minister Bob Russell retired in 2006 after 40 years of service. He was succeeded as senior minister by Dave Stone, the longtime preaching associate at Southeast. The church is commonly known as "Six Flags over Jesus" to local residents, a satirical reference to the large size of the church building.

In February 2007, Southeast Christian officially released an announcement that it would establish a satellite church in Clark County, Indiana. With the establishment of a second location, Southeast became a multi-site church. The breaking of the ground, by I-65 Exit 4 in Jeffersonville, Indiana, took place on August 12, 2007, and the church officially opened on April 12, 2009. On February 8, 2009, the church announced the plans for its third location. The Oldham County Campus, in Crestwood, Kentucky, held its first service in January 2011. In 2009, Southeast also opened up a new youth building called "The Block". On the weekend of June 30/July 1, 2012, the church announced that it would develop a fourth campus in southwest Jefferson County, near Dixie Highway (US 31W) and adjacent to the southwestern campus of Christian Academy of Louisville. This site was originally expected to open in fall 2013, but groundbreaking was delayed until February 2013; the new campus opened in time for Easter 2014. The next satellite campus was found in an old movie theatre in LaGrange, Kentucky in January 2017, making this the 5th campus to launch. In 2017, a satellite campus opened in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The church also opened a campus in Prospect, Kentucky in 2019.

In September 2019, the church announced a campus in Shelby County, Kentucky would be built, and in January 2020, the church announced a campus in Bullitt County, Kentucky would be built. In May 2021, the South Louisville campus launched.

title: Southeast Christian Church


text:
No Banners, No Bugles

No Banners, No Bugles (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1949) is a book by Edward Ellsberg describing his activities as Principal Salvage Officer for Operation Torch during World War II.

Like his book Under the Red Sea Sun about salvage work in Massawa earlier in the war, this book describes daring adventures and monumental accomplishments. It also describes cases where red tape, incompetence, and cowardice caused valuable ships to be lost.

title: No Banners, No Bugles


text: User talk:69.141.85.153

title: User talk:69.141.85.153


text:
Talk:Camp Fire (organization)/Archive 1

Name
The article correctly states that the current name for Camp Fire Girls is Camp Fire USA. So would anybody object if I moved this page to Camp Fire USA? That would turn Camp Fire Girls into a redirect to Camp Fire USA. (I would then straighten out the resulting double redirects.) Art LaPella 02:16, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

Pictures
Please disregard. Pictures will be forthcoming with appropriate tags. WarFighter 04:21, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Bluebird
The article correctly states that Bluebirds are now called Starflight (I can't imagine my son wanting to be a bluebird), but it still says that the mascot is a bluebird. My wife has her own Camp Fire group, and she says the bluebird logo went out when they changed to Starflight. Art LaPella 01:49, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info. Could the mascot (versus the symbol) for the program still be a bluebird? I'm going to change it to say the mascot was "originally" the bluebird, but let me know if the bluebird still factors into the program anywhere. It used to be a popular project to make bluebird nesting boxes--it would be sad if they ditched the bird completely. Katr67 02:04, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

My wife is emailing somebody local. Art LaPella 02:22, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed the reference to the bluebird entirely until a cited source can be found for its continued use in the program in any form. Katr67 19:18, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

If you check with Camp Fire USA's national office in Kansas City, Missouri, you will find that the blue bird remains the mascot for all of Camp Fire USA. The mascot was redesigned in about 1988, and it looks rather like a "Big Bird" kind of blue bird figure. It may not be often used, but it is a mistake to remove it entirely. And, I'd like to point out that I am the person whose information has been the basis of all that is on this page. AliceMarieBeard 17:09, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Camp Fire Law
The Camp Fire USA Eastern Massachusetts Council gives "the original Camp Fire Law" as simply "Seek Beauty, Give Service, Pursue Knowledge, Be Trustworthy, Hold On to Health and Be Happy". Not present are "Worship God" and "Glorify Work". Has the Camp Fire Law changed over the years?

This old book from 1916, The Camp Fire Girls at School by Hildegard G. Frey, gives "the Law of the Camp Fire, which is to seek beauty, give service, pursue knowledge, be trustworthy, hold on to health, glorify work, and be happy". Again, no "worship God".

Finally, how can this article state that "Camp Fire USA is inclusive ... open to all youth of any .... creed, religion," if one of the requirements of the Law is to "Worship God"? What about nontheist youth? — Coelacan | talk 20:34, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I couldn't find the Camp Fire Law on the national site, but I only spent about 5 minutes looking. Since they have a lot about diversity, including religious diversity, I suspect that they dropped that from it, but it's hard to tell, since I can't find it at all. --Habap 23:10, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

For a quote, see http://www.campfireusaihc.org/campfireusalaw.html - as it says there, "In 1942 the words “Worship God,” implicit in the whole statement, were explicitly given as the first item of the law." Doesn't say which one, but I kinda have an idea... Enno 18:51, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

User Habap is absolutely wrong! The Camp Fire Law remains "Worship God. Give Service. Seek Beauty and Knowledge Pursue. Be Trustworthy Ever, in All That You Do. Hold Fast Onto Health, and Your Work Glorify. And Shall Be Happy, In All That You Do." It appears that this information is being written by people who do not have or use the basic publications of Camp Fire USA. If you obtain the most recent "song book," you will find that song in the book. To suggest that "Worship God" has been eliminated from the Camp Fire Law because Camp Fire does not discrimate based on sexual orientation is way off base. It appears that the people who are "editing" the information on Wiki about Camp Fire USA have their own agenda, and their agenda has nothing to do with Camp Fire USA. AliceMarieBeard 17:09, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Please Assume good faith until there is reason to believe otherwise. No one has been "editing" the words "Worship God"; they have remained in the article, unchanged since before this discussion began. Some people were asking about it, because they had some good reasons to believe the words had been removed from the law. You have additional information from a song book. Good, that is the purpose of a Wikipedia talk page. I presume the words "Worship God" will stay in the article unless someone has an answer to the evidence from the song book. Art LaPella 20:59, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

According to information at Camp Fire USA's National website at http://www.campfire.org, there are 145 "Camp Fire USA councils and community partners." Many of those councils have their own web sites. This is a quick list of the web sites that include "Worship God" in the Camp Fire Law: http://campfirechicago.org/VolunteerHandbook2006.doc (on page 3 of the handbook for volunteers); http://www.campfireusa-ok.org/whatis.htm (Heart of Oklahoma Council); http://www.campfireusadallas.org/aboutus/index.htm (Lone Star Council, Dallas, Texas); http://www.dayton-unitedway.org/campfire/default.htm (Greater Dayton Council); http://www.campfireusaga.org/campfire/alumni%20newsletter%20April%202007.pdf (Georgia Council); http://www.campsingingwind.org/Totem_Pole.html (Lower Columbia Council, southwest Washington & northwest Oregon); http://www.cftejas.com/campfirelaw.htm (Tejas Council, Waco, Texas); http://www.wathana.org/pdf/Annual_report2007.pdf (Wanthana Council, southeastern Michigan & northwestern Ohio); http://www.iowanacampfire.org/purpose.htm (Iowana Council). Additionally, the book put out by Camp Fire USA called "Makin' Music with Camp Fire USA" includes "The Camp Fire Law," and it begins with the words "Worship God." AliceMarieBeard 16:41, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Art LaPella 18:10, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

As a current Camp Fire USA leader, I would like to add that Camp Fire USA is very much individual from Council to Council, and National requires very little be adhered to - but the 'Worship God' is still very much a part of the Camp Fire Law. Just as some folks do choose to say the Pledge of Allegiance without the words 'under God' so too do some Councils ignore the 'official' wording of the Camp Fire Law. This does NOT mean that Camp Fire Law does not contain the words, only that those who wish to abstain may do so.

Kitwench (talk) 19:55, 23 March 2009 (UTC)Kitwench

Fair use rationale for Image:Witch wendy comic1.jpg
Image:Witch wendy comic1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 03:07, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

MfD userbox
A userbox that mentions this org is up for deletion. Dreadstar †  22:00, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Pursue Knowledge
In the Camp Fire USA section it says: "Pursue Knowledge – Be honest, truthful and do the things you say you will do. Be worthy of responsibilities others give you." That is a mistake because the explanation duplicates the next line, "Be Trustworthy", and because that explanation is about being trustworthy, not about pursuing knowledge. Art LaPella (talk) 05:14, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry about that didn't realise I typed it wrong, I changed it to what it should say.--Campzanika (talk) 23:26, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

References tag
Does anyone know how you would go about getting the needs more references box taken off the page or if there are even enough references to get it taken off yet? Thanks --Abebless (talk) 17:34, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed the tag. When this was tagged by MickMacNee a year ago, it only had one reference and that was to the Camp Fire website: diff. The article does need a bit of clean up, but it's come a long way since then. If there are any statements that still need a reference, at this point it would be better to add fact tags to those sentences. If you're not sure if you should remove a tag, and you have the patience to go through an article's edit history (this one was fairly short so it wasn't too bad) and find who added the tag (the tag should be dated so you can concentrate on the edits from that month and year), you can always ask the editor who added it. Cheers, Katr67 (talk) 20:32, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Unclear Founding Date
The date given in this article for the founding of the organization is March 17, 1910. The citation is an article in the NYT from March 17, 1912 announcing the creation of the organization. This article does not state the date of March 17, 1910. I understand the organization was informally started in 1910 and formally organized in 1912, but when birthdays or organizations change 35 years after the organization is founded, I have to wonder what is going on.

For the first 35 years or so of the Camp Fire Girl's existence, it used the date of March 17, 1912 as its founding date. Around 1949 or 1950, the organization announces its birthday as March 17, 1910.

Here are some articles I found supporting this.

CAMP FIRE GIRLS PLAN NATION-WIDE BIRTHDAY; Monster Celebration New York Times - Feb 4, 1923 The Camp Fire Girls will celebrate their eleventh birthday anniversary on March 17 -- CAMP FIRE GIRLS TO HAVE TREE PLANTING ANNIVERSARY; Fifteenth Year ... New York Times - Mar 13, 1927 THE Camp Fire Girls of America will celebrate on Thursday, March 17, the fifteenth anniversary of their organization. --- Camp Fire Girls Plan Birthday Ceremonies Pittsburgh Press - Mar 11, 1928 About 190,000 young people will celebrate the sixteenth birthday of the Camp Fire Girls of the United States during next week. The anniversary is March 17. ...

--- 150,000 New Camp Fire Girls To Be Welcomed On March 17. Lewiston Morning Tribune Feb 13, 1923 Camp Fire was organized eleven years ago on March 17

-- CAMP FIRE GIRLS WILL OBSERVE THEIR BIRTHDAY Los Angeles Times - Feb 25, 1923 Plans for the nationwide observance of the eleventh birthday of the Camp Fire Girls March 17 are being made

--- Camp Fire Girls Will Celebrate 16th Birthday Atlanta Constitution - Mar 11, 1928 Saturday March 17 will mark the sixteenth year of Camp Fire Girls

--- FIRE CHIEF PERMITTED TO RENT QUARTERS Los Angeles Times - Mar 17, 1933 As a part of the worldwide celebration by Camp Fire Girls of the twentyfirst anniversary of the founding of the organization on March 17 1912

-- CAMP FIRE GIRLS OBSERVE BIRTHDAY Daily Boston Globe - - Mar 15, 1931 Camp Fire Girls of Massachusetts are going to celebrate their 19th birthday this week with a variety of events from a broadcast on March 17 to training

--- Mrs. Roosevelt Greets Girl Mar 17, 1944 Sarasota Herald-Tribune - Google News Archive - Mar 17, 1944 Camp Fire Girls today marked their 32nd anniversary with greetings to the president and Mrs. Roosevelt on the 39th anniversary

-- US Camp Fire Girls And Girl Scouts Celebrate Christian Science Monitor - Mar 13, 1945 The Camp Fire Girls in Greater Boston will formally observe their 33d birthday next Saturday March 17 with 300 Camp Fire Girls and Blue Birds

-- Death Defeats Early Easter Fete Promise Los Angeles Times - Mar 10, 1946 Camp Fire Week marking the 34th anniversary of the founding of their organization will be beginning March 17 by Blue Birds Camp Fire Girls

--- Richmond County Journal - Mar 18, 1946 BIRTHDAY OF CAMP FIRE GIRLS. America's oldest organization for young girls, the Camp Fire Girls, celebrates its 34th birthday, March 17 to The purpose of ...

--- CAMP FIRE GIRLS FETE; 35th Anniversary Celebration to Begin Next Week New York Times - Mar 11, 1947

--- Special Events In City Pulpits Spokesman-Review - Mar 13, 1948 He will fill the pulpit at Central church Marking the beginning of Camp Fire Girls birthday week, commemorating the organization's 36th anniversary, ...

---

Around this time, the date of the founding and birthday/anniverary number starts changing.

--- Area Grand Council Fire Has Democracy For Theme. Tri City Herald Mar 27, 1949 Celebrating the thirty-ninth anniversary of the founding of Camp Fire..

--- Birthday Council To Hold Special Camp Fire Girls. St. Petersburg Times Mar 5, 1950 The Wonachee Camp Fire Girls will celebrate the 39th Camp Fire Birthday March 17.

--- Mayor's Proclamation Bonham Daily Favorite Mar 12, 1950 On this their fortieth Birthday Camp Fire Girls have chosen for their theme discovery Unlimited An Adventure In Creative Living The program for world ...

--- Camp Fire Girls Map Observance March 17 will be the 43rd birthday of Camp Fire Girls nationally Spokesman-Review - Feb 26, 1953

Founding citation
It was my understanding that Juliette Gordon Low founded the Girl Scouts as a companion organization to the Boy Scouts; while it's entirely possible that both organizations were founded at the same time for the same reason, a citation with a page number saying so (rather than a Google Books link) would be helpful.--Miniapolis (talk) 20:42, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

Page 50 in Children Nature: the rise of summer camps (the google books link) explains how Luther Gulick brought together a group of girls as a conterpart to the boy scouts for a local pageant and then created Camp Fire Girls from that. Both organizations where started as a counterpart to the boy scouts. The fourth reference for the page also explains how it was started as a boy scout counterpart and it was published in 1912. Camp Fire didn't officialy have a name until 1912 which also explains why there is some confusion with the birthdate, but last year Camp Fire national celebrated 100 years. --A.Bless75.139.169.0 (talk) 03:43, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

The Blaze is not a reliable source
Because The Blaze is not considered to be a reliable source because it is considered to be biased propaganda, the citation was changed to one directly from the Camp Fire organization. Steelbeard1 (talk) 20:36, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Ceremonial attire?
Why does tHis section discuss rather exclusively a gown when the organization has been coed since 1975? I doubt the males in this organization wish to wear gowns, so what do they wear? Wschart (talk) 17:19, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 11 November 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved (page mover nac) Flooded  with them hundreds  09:52, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

Camp Fire → Camp Fire (organization) – DAB from the various things listed in the hatnote and Camp Fire Club.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 10:59, 11 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Neutral Not a bad idea, but at least two of the redirects (Camp Fire Girls and Campfire Girls) will stay, necessitating hatnotes anyway. So it doesn't really shrink things.
 * I assume that Camp Fire will become a redirect to Campfire (disambiguation). (Camp Fire Club needs to be deleted per proposal. I could put all the information in that article into a redlink entry on the dab page and Wikipedia would be improved.) 209.209.238.189 (talk) 11:49, 11 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes Camp Fire should redirect to Campfire (disambiguation).  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 14:13, 11 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Per above, I have AFDd Camp Fire Club--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 16:21, 12 November 2018 (UTC)

 *  Oppose  no long term page views yet for Camp Fire vs the recent wildfire In ictu oculi (talk) 22:21, 11 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Do you still oppose, considering the arguments about Campfire?  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 21:29, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Let us say neutral. In ictu oculi (talk) 18:06, 15 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Support and "camp fire" should redirect to disambiguous page, as suggested above. --Woofboy (talk) 03:33, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Support - absolutely. We're close to a consensus that WP:DIFFCAPS is dead anyway, so Campfire is very much under consideration as a possible meaning of this term. Taking that alongside the terrible fire in California, it doesn't seem like this organization enjoys WP:PRIMARYTOPIC status for this term. Suggest redirecting it to the dab. Thanks — Amakuru (talk) 14:52, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Note that Camp fire is a redirect to Campfire. All the links, including Baden-Powell's Scout training scheme are correct, although if there were just these to uses, then I might say it was fine, but considering we have multiple uses, I'd say not.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 15:51, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Support I agree with the others and think that Campfire and Camp Fire should redirect to Campfire (disambiguation); this organization is a member of that list. SCC California (talk) 23:14, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Campfire (1 word with no caps) should surely be about the fire, not be a DAB though, Camp fire (no caps for "fire") should probably even remain a redirect to the fire, however Camp Fire (cap for "Fire") should probably however redirect to Campfire (disambiguation).  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 22:11, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Agreed Campfire should remain where it is, with a hatnote pointing to the disambiguation page.  That is clearly the primary meaning of the word, with other usages being derived from it.  209.209.238.189 (talk) 10:06, 14 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Agreed Sorry, that is more like what I meant. I agree that Campfire should stay where it is with all others going to a disambiguation page. SCC California (talk) 15:41, 14 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Support Camp Fire (2018) is shaping up to be a major, historic disaster. With all due respect to this scouting organization—and they do seem to mean well, fire-wise–it's not what people are expecting to find at this page, in the short term and probably in the long term. Frankly, I think even Camp Fire (space, capital F) should redirect to Camp Fire (2018), which should have a hatnote to Camp Fire (organization) and campfire (disambiguation). —BLZ · talk 04:22, 16 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Strong support Since the Camp Fire is burning with deaths that is approaching 100 people as of now and 1,000+ missing. We don't need this page for the organisation here, since it will garner negative views due to that fire in California. Felicia (talk) 17:44, 17 November 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Camp Fire (organization)/Archive 1


text:
El Tor, Egypt

El Tor (الطور / ), also romanized as Al-Tur and At-Tur and known as Tur Sinai, formerly Raithu, is a small city and the capital of the South Sinai Governorate of Egypt. The name of the city comes from the Arabic term for the mountain where the prophet Moses is believed to have received the Tablets of the Law from God; this mountain is designated Jabal Al Tor.

At-Tur itself appears to have been founded in the 13th century near the site of the ancient Raythou (medieval Raya). The El tor strain of cholera was discovered there in 1905. It was a quarantine camp for Muslim pilgrims returning from Hajj (the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca). Known for its springs, the city is an important tourist destination in the South Sinai Governorate along with Sharm El Sheikh and Saint Catherine.

Monastery
The Raithu desert is situated around El Tor, between Saint Catherine and the Red Sea. It is part of the Archdiocese of Mount Sinai and Raithu of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The "Martyrs of Raithu" were 43 anchorites (early Christian hermits) murdered by bedouins (desert dwellers) during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305CE). Christian monks fleeing persecutions had been present since the 3rd century, and the Raithu monastery (or Rutho) was commissioned in the 6th century by Byzantine emperor Justinian. The latter was proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site on November 1, 1994, in the Cultural category. Theodore of Raithu was champion of neo-Chalcedonism in the early 7th century.

Portuguese attack
En route to Suez with the objective to seek and destroy the Ottoman fleet, a Portuguese Armada was sent in 1541 to Red Sea.

After several days sailing, the commander Estevão da Gama gives the order to direct a surprise attack. The troops were able to disembark and the defenders came out to the shore but were pushed to the city not managing to close the city doors. The Portuguese as the city fell, were ready to loot, but two Priests came to the Commander, and appeal to him avoiding the destruction. Several soldiers were armed Knights after a mass, and the armada stayed for a few days preparing to sail and attack Suez.

Modern Egypt
El Tor was captured by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967. It was returned to Egypt, along with the rest of the Sinai Peninsula, following the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty.

Climate
Its climate is classified by Köppen-Geiger system as hot desert (BWh).

title: El Tor, Egypt