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Talk:Mackenzie Basin

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What is the Makensie Basin? A gorge or alluvial plain?
 * Certainly not a gorge. My guess is an alluvial plain created from all the outwash gravels after glaciation. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 08:46, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

Hey guys why is there no map on the page?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sol1869 (talk • contribs) 10:03, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Skifields
Ingolfson, why are you repeatedly removing references to ski areas which are relevant to the article, while introducing an external article which references and promotes ski areas outside the article's subject area?

It has been established factually that the Ohau, Roundhill and Mount Dobson ski areas all fall within the scope of the article and all three are commercial fields, yet you repeatedly delete references to Mount Dobson ski area from the article, while editting the page to assert (erroneously) that the other two (Ohau and Roundhill) are club fields, when they are demonstrable and obviously commercial ski areas.

There is already at least one major article on Wikipedia which references Queenstown-area ski fields, so why introduce references to those within an article which is not at all related to those ski areas? And why do you continually add a link/reference to the magazine/newspaper article which is also unrelated? Do you have any undeclared connection with either the Queenstown area ski fields and/or the magazine/newspaper article you continually reference?

For the record, I live and work in the MacKenzie Basin, but I am not a skier or snowboarder, and have no connection of any kind with any of the three MacKenzie Basin ski areas in question. (Ohau, Round Hill or Mount Dobson.) Since you reside in another part of the country entirely, why introduce completely erroneous edits into an otherwise completely factual Wiki article? Cheers. 210.54.245.44 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 02:59, 15 November 2008 (UTC).

 * "It has been established factually..."

 * And right there we start going off the rails (somewhere between innocent misunderstanding and you constantly accusing me of "self-promotion", accusing me of bias and not following NPOV (I'll have you know that I don't care much either way for skiing and have no connection to skifields anywhere - you can easily check my edit summary, where you see that about 99.9999% of my numerous edits are unrelated to Queenstown, skiing or the Mackenzie Basin).

 * This talk page edit yours is the first time that you actually explained that the fact that the skifields discussed are partly in the Queenstown area and not in the Mackenzie Basin area is what really seems to bother you. You instead constantly harped on about the difference between "commercial" and "club" skifield (about which, again, I do not care, EXCEPT THAT THE REFERENCE SAID SO, ERRONEOUSLY OR NOT). It took you multiple edit tugs of war before you actually provided a link which proved your point (references ARE king on Wikipedia, so I stand by all my prior deletes of your changes before that point). Once you clarified that, I let your change re club / commercial skifields stand.

 * In summary, I am sick of this, but will not be bullied into removing a reference which discusses the Mackenzie Basin skifields, because a) this is relevant to the article, and b) comments by a travel editor of a major newspaper saying the local skifields are "more spartan and less crowded" do not rise to the level of slander (if they do, sue the Herald, mate - I think its a perfectly innocuous opinion and not even negative as such to start with). Ingolfson (talk) 08:00, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yet when I provided the links which prove that the Mackenzie Basin ski areas are commercial fields and not club ones, you immediately removed them, claiming "commercial link spam". It _appeared_ as if you just didn't like to see that proof, since you've constantly reverted the page to a version which describes the ski areas as "mere" club fields, when they aren't.

 * As for the completely irrelevant magazine article reference which you have _yet again_ restored, the question remains as to why you're so determined that it should be included when it has virtually nothing to do with the subject of the Wiki article itself. It focuses on and promotes the Queenstown area, an area not at all wihin the scope of the Wikipedia Mackenzie Basin entry. So why restore it? In the context of the Mackenzie Basin entry, the article is irrelevant and non-notable. 210.54.245.44 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 21:45, 16 November 2008 (UTC).

 * As I have mentioned tons of times before, it talks about the Mackenzie area ski fields, NOT the Queenstown skifields. It's a bloody travel report about them. While talking about them, it compares A with B, a rather common technique in human communication. It also does not put down the Mackenzie skifields. Some people LIKE "spartan and less crowded" skifields.

 * Yes I am determined to keep this in, because Wikipedia should not constantly go back to the lowest common ground just because someone disagrees with something even though its referenced. Removing material affects POV just as much as adding material. I might just as well question why you are willing to go to such lengths to keep it out. Impasse, it seems. Ingolfson (talk) 22:12, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Ingolfson, the completely irrelevent article you repeatedly attach to this Wiki entry BARELY refers to the subject. (Did you write it, perhaps?) Your claim that the Mackenzie Basin area skifields are "spartan" and "less crowded", etc, is entirely non-npov: For somebody claiming to be so desperately concerned about the rules of Wikipedia, I find it strange and hypocritical that you should ignore them when it suits your personal agenda.

 * Then there is the following glaringly illogical statement "The many smaller skifields of the area..." - There are THREE skifields in the Mackenzie Basin, and they have all been noted by name within the Mackenzie Basin Wikipedia entry. It's not as if there are dozens of skifields in the area, of many different sizes. There are THREE in total - Ohau, Roundhill, and Mount Dobson - and all three are commercial and considered small by industry standards, hence the description of them in the entry as "...small commercial skifields...".

 * So, recapping: There are a total of three skifields in the Mackenzie Basin area, all of them small and all of them commercial. Their continued existence supports the claim that they are "...popular amongst many living in Canterbury and Otago." The article you repeatedly add as a reference has essentially zero relevance to the subject of this Wikipedia entry, therefore it should not be included, as per the "rules" of Wikipedia. Likewaise, claims which do not have any proven basis in fact, such as those regarding the allegedly "spartan" nature of the Mackenzie Basin skifields, also have no place within the entry. 210.54.245.44 (talk) 05:37, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Come on guys, you're both right! I think Ingolfson's ref is excellent, although it's a little out of date because, as 210.54.245.44 has correctly stated, there are only three ski areas in the Mackenzie and yes, all three are small and commercial. There are no club fields left around here and hasn't been for ages. The nearest would be the Awakino field up behind Kurow, which is not generally considered to be in the Mackenzie. So yeah, the article isn't entirely accurate, and it does devote lot of space to areas outside of the Mackenzie, but overall I'd rate it as relevent to the subject. Re the spartan uncrowded wording, I would ditch the spartan part. The local ski areas used to be a bit rough when compared with the big flash fields elsewhere but they aren't like that now and a lot of money has been spent on them in recent years. I would suspect they are less crowded than the big fields so that wording can probably stay. How long these ski fields will last is a matter of conjecture. There has been less snow every year for many years and only the snow guns are keeping them going. All three fields have been up for sale for a number of years. The planned new ski area up in the Duncan valley has been scrapped as unviable due to the lack of reliable snowfall. So anyway, for what it's worth, I vote to include Ingolfson's article but delete the words 'club' and 'spartan'. 203.173.161.63 (talk) 01:01, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I do NOT listen to someone who constantly, and right from the start, accuses me of bias, of lying and of commercial promotion. Do you really think I am so stupid that even if I were trying to promote Queenstown skifields, I would be doing it by engaging in one tiny edit war in a minor article? And otherwise never edit any other skiing-related articles? I am doing this because I disagree with those who try to constantly boil down Wikipedia articles to the lowest common denominator, and would remove things that don't please them as "irrelevant" even if they were referenced by ten newspapers.

 * I now stop presuming good faith (and should have done so long before). I accuse the editor who constantly removes a valid reference as clearly being a vandal, who is also obviously trying to hide something, but is happy to accuse a long-standing editor as a spammer from his "anonymous" position. I also refuse to reduce the reference content even further because if you cut out the "spartan" comment, there will be nothing left - and except for the "commercial" aspect which said editor took forever to prove the contrary, it's all relevant. A 2007 reference is also quite new enough, thank you. Ingolfson (talk) 22:00, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * In addition, to show that I am doing more that proving a point here, I am now adding new references - including one rather well-referenced one which puts to rest the whole "club" vs "commercial" part of the dispute which anonymous thought he had finally won. The fields ARE often club-managed, yet are commercially accessible. Thanks. Ingolfson (talk) 22:16, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Heck, I should have known better than to argue, and instead gone straight to research to back up the disputed reference - just found another reference in an official Ministy of Environment report that also compares the local skifields to Queenstown and comes to similar conclusions. Two out of two. Ingolfson (talk) 22:34, 20 December 2008 (UTC)
 * too much of this wasteful behaviour in this space. one editor says he "wont be bullied" right after saying that " I  let you change"..  doh!! lets be more tolerant here, and move on to the pressing jobs like new articles and raising the standard of stubbs etcPaul Moss (talk) 21:35, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Greets from Japan to you. I have ski Ohau, Dobson and ski Round Hill 2005 & 2007. All are not club field. All are businesses and comercial. Ohau, Dobson, RH are very small field and equipments. Good fields butt need more snow. There is no debating for this here. Area ski field only Ohau Dobson & RH. 119.238.82.148 (talk) 11:56, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

 * A tempest in a teacup folks. Even though I do not understand the opposition to Ingolfsons ref, he is wrong when he claims there are many skiing areas here -- there are only the 3 areas already listed and they are purely 100% commercial. I doubt if there has been any club involvement in a long time, if ever. Possibly when Roundhill was in its early days, although even then it was not really ever a club field per se. I agree with his assessment of them being uncrowded and spartan because I spend a lot of time at the much bigger ski areas around NZ, which are far more developed and the 3 Mackenzie areas are nothing like those so far as crowds and facilities go. Dobson, Roundhill and Ohau are commercial, small, uncrowded, spartan. The ref is suitable. 222.152.135.18 (talk) 03:54, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Not "many" there are 3. Why is this saying there are many? They are the Round Hill, Ohau and Mount Dobson. 119.238.82.148 (talk) 14:11, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Clubbing
Despite the reference stating they were club fields, this is an instance where reliance on references is misleading. The Dictionary of New Zealand English defines a club as 4. an association of persons united by a common interest, usu. meeting periodically for a shared activity (tennis club; yacht club). 5. an organisation or premises offering members social amenities, meals and temporary residence, etc. 6. an organisation offering subscribers certain benefits (book club). 7. a group of persons, nations, etc., having something in common. Club fields, are in fact, run by clubs. Ohau has been listed on the sharemarket, and Round Hill and Mount Dobson are both family-owned. Not clubs. Club fields tend to point out that they're owned by clubs (e.g.,, , ), which conveniently fit the dicdef of a club. I also removed some weaselling about 'bigger' ski areas, as I'd suggest (entirely on local knowledge) that Ohau and Dobson are also bigger than Round Hill, currently, both with chairlifts. Interestingly, Tekapo (as Round Hill was known previously) was originally one of the Big Three skifields of New Zealand, up there with Coronet and Whakapapa in the 70s. Some poor snow in the 80s and other things meant that its influence has waned, but it really really isn't a club. Oh, and for another day, Dobson is in the Mackenzie District, but probably not in the Mackenzie Basin. It's in the Two Thumb range separating the Mackenzie from the plane around Fairlie (and accessed from the other side of Burkes Pass). Fox Peak, which is a club field is also located in the Mackenzie District (but not basin). --Limegreen (talk) 00:54, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi Limegreen - I am post exactly same you at time!!! My friends at place refer to the early article and here is reply.

 * "Thanks for the link, it gave me quite a chuckle! What a mess. The problem is that Ingolfson(?) is confusing the terms Mackenzie District and Mackenzie Basin. The Mackenzie District is a political entity and encompasses diverse areas and locales, including the southern outskirts of Geraldine township, as well as coastal settlements such as the city of Timaru, and there may very well be 'many' small and/or club ski fields to be found in that much larger expanse. However, the Mackenzie BASIN is a physical and geographical feature, not a political one or some mere boundary contrivance by map makers. As the Wikipedia article rightly states, the Mackenzie Basin encompasses 'only' that area of the South Island between Burkes Pass and the Lindis Pass, and the Southern Alps and the Waitaki Valley. The only ski areas of any kind in the Mackenzie Basin are those listed in the existing article, namely Mount Dobson, Roundhill, and Lake Ohau. In fact some could almost argue legitimately that Mount Dobson is outside the northern limit of the Mackenzie Basin, although frankly it'd be a very close call, and I personally would dispute such a claim. So, what else? Well, there is an old and mostly defunct club ski field on Awakino mountain, behind the small Waitaki valley town of Kurow, but claiming it is within the Mackenzie Basin (or even the Mackenzie District) is wrong. Aside from being defunct, it is officially a Waitaki District locale. How many ski fields and areas of any type are there within the borders of the Mackenzie District? Sorry, I don't know. But within the Mackenzie Basin there are only three ski fields and ski areas. Thanks again for your question, it provided welcome entertainment!"

 * So 3 skiing area in Mackenzie BASIN. Thank for listening. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.238.82.148 (talk) 08:56, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The "club" / "commercial" issue was based on the fact that the original reference did call them "club skifields". That has long since been fixed, and for what it is worth, the debate has improved the article in that regard. However, had I not resisted the simple deletion, there would not be any mention of the fields at all, because that was the reaction that occurred. Ingolfson (talk) 07:05, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

 * That claim is simply untrue. When the links to the websites of the skifields were posted and so it was demonstrated conclusively to you that the skifields were commercial, you deleted those links and claimed they were spam, and reverted the article back to your version which claimed there were "many" "club" fields, rather than the factual "three commercial" fields. Quite simply, you didn't like being proved wrong. And now you don't like the idea that you may "lose" an edit war, even though your versions aren't NPOV, and may be factually incorrect. 203.173.161.63 (talk) 11:22, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Cleanup
This entire article could use some TLC, imho, and not just the skifield-related information. Too much of the article is clearly non-npov, and really does seem like it's from a Tourism NZ brochure. I live and work in the Mackenzie Basin/High Country, and can say that most of the information is this article is essentially pretty accurate, it's just that there's a bit of hyperbole and/or unnecessary and irrelevant trivia: eg, the three small commercial skifields in the Basin are mentioned and listed, but anything else related to them is best left to a Wikipedia article about them. Perhaps a non-partisan editor who has yet to contribute to the Mackenzie Basin article could perform a cleanup service? 203.173.161.63 (talk) 07:31, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I suggest a new Wikipedia entry (or entries) be created to promote the Mackenzie Basin skifields and ski areas. In-depth discussion of them doesn't seem appropriate within the existing entry. If Ingolfson is so determined to describe them in detail, perhaps he should create the new entry or entries. Or maybe an entry by a contributor who is not so obviously biased would be a better solution? Alan Liefting? His version (which I have reverted to current) seemed like a good start. 203.173.161.63 (talk) 07:37, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * This good-length article has a single short paragraph about skifields, which amongst other things provides usage data etc... And which has a major newspaper and a frikking government report as references. That is in no way undue weight for what is a major tourism industry in such a sparsely settled area. To constantly delete this is more than just a disagreement. It is against Wikipedia's rules and spirit, and as the anonymous has several times allowed to let shine through, based on the fact that he is pissed of that someone would dare to compare these skifields to the Queenstown fields. To now ask for a splitting off is just purely hilarious. So the material is now okay, as long as it is hidden out of sight? Nope! I have no problem with another editor splitting it off AFTER he creates more material. If it is split off like it is now, I can just see the "merge with Mackenzie Basin" tag being perfectly reasonable, for laughing out loud. And anyway, anonymous, the summary paragraph retained here would pretty much have to cover the same things as the paragraph does now.

 * As for the constant charges being made against me - I do not even know how to ski, have never been at the fields, have no connection to their operators, and have since the beginning of this farce tried to accommodate criticism. Biased indeed. Try "Not a pushover". I will not walk away from this and let Wikipedia be made poorer for it. Ingolfson (talk) 06:53, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

 * PS: I had no problem with changes like the removal of "extraordinarily beautiful" (which wasn't my addition anyway). That is an opinion statement, without a reference to boot. All the material in the disputed para is referenced, and phrased in NPOV-form. Ingolfson (talk) 07:14, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

 * My suggestion for the skifield paragraph would be something like:

 * There are 3 skifields in the McKenzie Basin, Ohau (near Omarama), and Roundhill and Mount Dobson at Lake Tekapo. These fields are smaller and less crowded than those in the Queenstown area, providing a more "relaxed experience" than the larger fields.

 * Cheers, 09:54, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I cannot agree. This entry is not (or shouldn't be) a tourism brochure for the Mackenzie Basin, or the skifields within it. The above suggested paragraph, with its highly suspect "description" of those skifields, is completely non-NPOV, and highly irrelevant. The previous edits accurately stated that there are three small(er) commercial skifields within the Mackenzie Basin, and named them. What more needs to be said?

 * Remember, this is an entry for-and-about the Mackenzie Basin, not a travel brochure extolling the virtues of the skifields within the Mackenzie Basin. Let's try to keep it factual, and maintain a NPOV. To do that, Ingolfson's edit has to be reverted back to previous NPOV versions. Unfortunately, this seems to have become more about Ingolfson "not losing" an edit war, and less about maintaining a sensible entry. 203.173.161.63 (talk) 11:12, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It's a fairly small part of the articel. It's well-sourced, and the POV is clearly attributed to the source publications, so is not a problem.  If there's contrary POV, then present it, but if their's nothing to contradict it, there's no problem with the presentation as it stands.  David Underdown (talk) 12:44, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagreed. The paragraph is a disproportionately large chunk of the article and is obviously not NPOV. It reads like an advertising blurb from a ski magazine or local tourism office. This is the Wiki entry for the Mackenzie Basin, not for skifields within the Mackenzie Basin. If Ingolfson is so determined to post non NPOV hyperbole about those skifields, he should move this material to an entry dedicated to them, and see how it fares there. Meanwhile I'm not going to edit this page anymore. Yay! Ingolfson won the edit war! Huzzah! 203.173.161.63 (talk) 07:21, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I did not set out to "win an edit war". I showed - here, and here that there is no consensus amongst other editors for your opinion. Ingolfson (talk) 02:09, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Septoid2

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. - Mgm|(talk) 22:44, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Septoid2
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Scharnhorst effect

The Scharnhorst effect is a hypothetical phenomenon in which light signals travel slightly faster than c between two closely spaced conducting plates. It was first predicted in a 1990 paper by Klaus Scharnhorst of the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. He showed using quantum electrodynamics that the effective refractive index n, at low frequencies, in the space between the plates was less than 1. Barton and Scharnhorst in 1993 claimed that either signal velocity can exceed c or that the imaginary part of n is negative.

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Vacuum fluctuations exist even in a perfect vacuum. The vacuum fluctuations are influenced by conducting plates nearby. As a photon travels through a vacuum its propagation is influenced by these vacuum fluctuations.

A prediction made by this assertion is that the speed of a photon will be increased if it travels between two Casimir plates. The ultimate effect would be to increase the apparent speed of that photon. The closer the plates are, the stronger the change in the vacuum fluctuations, and the higher the speed of light.

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The possibility of superluminal photons has caused concern because it might allow for the violation of causality by sending information faster than c. However, several authors (including Scharnhorst ) argue that the Scharnhorst effect cannot be used to create causal paradoxes.

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Edward Canfield Fuller (September 4, 1893 – June 12, 1918) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and the son of General Ben Hebard Fuller.

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2001 MTV Movie Awards

The 2001 MTV Movie Awards were held on June 2, 2001, and were hosted by Jimmy Fallon and Kirsten Dunst. The program featured performances from Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa and Pink (Moulin Rouge!), Dave Matthews Band and Weezer. Sofia Coppola was presented with an award for Best New Filmmaker. This was Aaliyah's last awards show appearance before her death two months later.

Performers

 * Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa, and Pink — "Lady Marmalade"
 * Dave Matthews Band — "The Space Between"
 * Weezer — "Hash Pipe"

Presenters

 * Shannon Elizabeth, Alyson Hannigan, Tara Reid and Mena Suvari — presented Best On-Screen Team
 * Ziyi Zhang and David Spade — presented Breakthrough Male
 * Nicole Kidman — introduced Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mýa, and Pink
 * Brendan Fraser and The Rock — presented Best Action Sequence
 * Samuel L. Jackson — presented Best Villain
 * Destiny's Child — presented Breakthrough Female
 * Kirsten Dunst — introduced Dave Matthews Band
 * Aaliyah and P. Diddy — presented Best Dance Sequence
 * Marlon and Shawn Wayans — presented Best Female Performance
 * George Lucas — presented Best New Filmmaker
 * Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker — presented Best Fight
 * Johnny Knoxville and Julia Stiles — presented Best Comedic Performance
 * Drea de Matteo, Chris Klein and Seann William Scott — introduced Weezer
 * Ashton Kutcher and Christina Ricci — presented Best Kiss
 * Cameron Diaz and Mike Myers — presented Best Male Performance
 * Halle Berry, Hugh Jackman and John Travolta — presented Best Movie

Awards
Below are the list of nominations. Winners are listed at the top of each list in bold.

Best Movie
Gladiator
 * Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
 * Erin Brockovich
 * Hannibal
 * X-Men

Best Male Performance
Tom Cruise – Mission: Impossible 2
 * Russell Crowe – Gladiator
 * Omar Epps – Love & Basketball
 * Mel Gibson – The Patriot
 * Tom Hanks – Cast Away

Best Female Performance
Julia Roberts - Erin Brockovich
 * Aaliyah – Romeo Must Die
 * Kate Hudson – Almost Famous
 * Jennifer Lopez – The Cell
 * Julia Stiles – Save the Last Dance

Breakthrough Male
Sean Patrick Thomas – Save the Last Dance
 * Jack Black – High Fidelity
 * Patrick Fugit – Almost Famous
 * Tom Green – Road Trip
 * Hugh Jackman – X-Men
 * Ashton Kutcher – Dude, Where's My Car?

Breakthrough Female
Erika Christensen – Traffic
 * Aaliyah – Romeo Must Die
 * Anna Faris – Scary Movie
 * Piper Perabo – Coyote Ugly
 * Zhang Ziyi – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

Best On-Screen Team
Drew Barrymore, Cameron Diaz and Lucy Liu (Charlie's Angels) – Charlie's Angels
 * Ben Stiller and Robert De Niro – Meet the Parents
 * George Clooney, John Turturro and Tim Blake Nelson (The Soggy Bottom Boys) – O Brother, Where Art Thou?
 * Tom Hanks and Wilson – Cast Away
 * Halle Berry, Hugh Jackman, James Marsden and Anna Paquin (the X-Men) – X-Men

Best Villain
Jim Carrey – Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas
 * Kevin Bacon – Hollow Man
 * Vincent D'Onofrio – The Cell
 * Anthony Hopkins – Hannibal
 * Joaquin Phoenix – Gladiator

Best Comedic Performance
Ben Stiller – Meet the Parents
 * Jim Carrey – Me, Myself & Irene
 * Martin Lawrence – Big Momma's House
 * Eddie Murphy – Nutty Professor II: The Klumps
 * Tom Green – Road Trip

Best Kiss
Julia Stiles and Sean Patrick Thomas – Save the Last Dance
 * Jon Abrahams and Anna Faris – Scary Movie
 * Ben Affleck and Gwyneth Paltrow – Bounce
 * Tom Hanks and Helen Hunt – Cast Away
 * Anthony Hopkins and Julianne Moore – Hannibal

Best Action Sequence
Motorcycle Chase – Mission: Impossible 2
 * Car Chase Through Construction Site – Gone in 60 Seconds
 * Roman Army vs. Germanic Horde – Gladiator
 * Plane Crash – Cast Away

Best Dance Sequence
Cameron Diaz — "Heaven Must Be Missing an Angel" (from Charlie's Angels)
 * Kirsten Dunst, Lindsay Sloane, Clare Kramer, Nicole Bilderback, Tsianina Joelson, Rini Bell, Bianca Kajlich, Nathan West and Huntley Ritter (The Cheerleaders from Bring It On) — "I'm Sexy, I'm Cute" (from Bring It On)
 * Jamie Bell and Julie Walters — "Royal Ballet School" (from Billy Elliot)
 * Julia Stiles and Sean Patrick Thomas — "You Can Do It" (from Save the Last Dance)

Best Musical Sequence
Piper Perabo — "One Way or Another" (from Coyote Ugly)
 * Jack Black — "Let's Get It On" (from High Fidelity)
 * George Clooney, Tim Blake Nelson and John Turturro — "Man of Constant Sorrow" (from O Brother, Where Art Thou?)
 * Breckin Meyer, Seann William Scott, Paulo Costanzo and DJ Qualls — "I Wanna Rock" (from Road Trip)
 * Patrick Fugit, Kate Hudson, Billy Crudup, Jason Lee and Anna Paquin — "Tiny Dancer" (from Almost Famous)

Best Fight
Zhang Ziyi vs. Entire Bar – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
 * Drew Barrymore vs. Attackers – Charlie's Angels
 * Russell Crowe vs. Masked Opponent and Tiger – Gladiator
 * Jet Li vs. Attackers – Romeo Must Die

Best Line
'''"Are You a Pothead, Focker?" — Robert De Niro (from Meet the Parents)'''
 * "I Am a Golden God!" — Billy Crudup (from Almost Famous)
 * "It Vexes Me, I Am Terribly Vexed" — Joaquin Phoenix (from Gladiator)
 * "I Signed That Release Wavier, So You Can Just Feel Free to Stick Things in My Slot" — Cameron Diaz (from Charlie's Angels)
 * "Bite My Ass, Krispy Kreme" — Julia Roberts (from Erin Brockovich)

Best Cameo
James Van Der Beek – Scary Movie
 * Andy Dick – Road Trip
 * Tom Green – Charlie's Angels
 * Ozzy Osbourne – Little Nicky
 * Bruce Springsteen – High Fidelity

Best Dressed
Jennifer Lopez – The Cell
 * Kate Hudson – Almost Famous
 * Elizabeth Hurley – Bedazzled
 * Samuel L. Jackson – Shaft
 * Lucy Liu – Charlie's Angels

Best New Filmmaker

 * Sofia Coppola – The Virgin Suicides

title: 2001 MTV Movie Awards


text:
Patrick Fugit

Patrick Raymond Fugit (born October 27, 1982) is an American actor. He has appeared in the films Almost Famous (2000), White Oleander (2002), Spun (2003), Saved! (2004) and Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006), and portrayed Kyle Barnes in the Cinemax series Outcast. He also played Owen in the video game The Last of Us Part II.

Early life
Fugit was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and lived briefly in Danbury, New Hampshire. His mother, Jan Clark-Fugit, is a dance teacher, and his father, Bruce Fugit, is an electrical engineer. Fugit is the oldest of three children: he has a younger sister and a younger brother. Fugit attended East High School. He appeared in a school production of The Twelve Dancing Princesses as the shoemaker when he was in seventh grade. He has been a skateboarder since he was fifteen.

Career
Fugit's career launched when he was cast as the young rock-fan-turned-reporter in Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous. Fugit said that he did not have any knowledge of 1970s rock music before starting the music-laden project.

Fugit played an aspiring comic book artist in White Oleander (2002) and a naive drug addict in the dark comedy Spun (2003).

His next film, Saved! (2004), was a satirical look at the religious right in high schools. Fugit's character was originally a surfer, but it changed into a skateboarder due to his skateboarding experience.

Fugit starred in The Amateurs and played Evra Von in Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant (2009).

In 2011, Fugit was cast in We Bought A Zoo, another Cameron Crowe film.

In 2016, he joined the cast of Cinemax's television series Outcast. He stated he enjoyed playing a father but worried that not being one in real life at the time might make him seem awkward.

In 2020, Fugit was cast in a lead role on ABC's pilot for Thirtysomething(else), a sequel to Thirtysomething; however, the pilot was scrapped by ABC later that same year.

Personal life
Fugit and his best friend, David Fetzer, formed a folk rock band, Mushman, in which Fugit played the guitar and sometimes sang. Fetzer died in 2012. Fugit studies flamenco guitar, which he played on the Cavedoll song "Mayday" and the Mushman song "Brennan's Theme" for the ending scene in Wristcutters: A Love Story.

Growing up in Salt Lake City, Fugit says he was "the weird kid" in school because he learned ballet as his mother was a ballet teacher and because he was not Mormon but attended a predominantly Mormon school. Fugit has a child with his long-term partner, actress Jennifer Del Rosario.

title: Patrick Fugit


text:
Saint Ulrich

Saint Ulrich (Sankt Ulrich, Sankt-Ulrich) or Saint Ulric may refer to four saints:

 * Ulrich of Augsburg (890–973), Bishop of Augsburg and a leader of the German church, saint
 * Ulrich of Zell (c. 1029–1093), Cluniac reformer of Germany, abbot, founder and saint
 * Wulfric of Holme, also known as Ulric of Holme, 10th-century saint from England
 * Wulfric of Haselbury (c. 1080–1154), also known as Ulric of Haselbury, saint from England

Churches named after St. Ulrich

 * St. Ulrich's and St. Afra's Abbey (Augsburg)
 * Basilica of SS. Ulrich and Afra, Augsburg
 * St. Ulrich's Priory in the Black Forest
 * St. Ulrich, Vienna

Places named after St. Ulrich

 * Sankt Ulrich in Gröden, the German name for Urtijëi in South Tyrol, Italy
 * Sankt Ulrich im Mühlkreis, a municipality in Upper Austria, Austria
 * Sankt Ulrich am Pillersee, a municipality in Tyrol, Austria
 * Sankt Ulrich bei Steyr, a municipality in Upper Austria, Austria
 * Sankt Ulrich am Waasen, a municipality in Styria, Austria

title: Saint Ulrich


text:
Talk:Bantam (poultry)

Untitled
Could someone help me please do Bantam chickens dig holes to lay in when it is hot. Or should we be alarmed that there maybe something wrong with our chicken winnie —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.8.233 (talk) 05:33, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

The prose of this article seems a bit off. it drops into first person sometimes and the questioning paragraph is an odd thing for an encyclopedia. It also seems to have POV issues feeling a little like pro-bantam propaganda. The information seems good though. It should be noted there actually is an anti-bantam feeling among some too. mainly chicken raisers who don't want bantams to interbreed with their stock.

I have never heard of something called a "pekin bantam", and I hhave been a chicken fancier for several years. There is a Pekin duck, and there are bantam breeds with leg feathers such those described in this article, but they are not called pekin bantams. I'm concerned because it is such a common mistake to think "bantam" is a breed, when in fact, it is just a smal version of something. There are some breeds of chicken that only have a bantam version, and many others that come in either bantam or standard.

I have just learned that "pekin" is what Cochin bantams are called outside of North America.

___ There is a lot of information about the pekin (cochin) bantam. Shouldnt this be moved to its own page?--βjweþþ (talk) 12:38, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Ive moved the information to pekin bantam What do you think?.

_________________

I think that somebody should add the different breeds of Bantam Chickens. I know that some people would think that the Bantam Chicken is one breed. I have added information about the Bantam Chicken and i feel that somebody should be adding more aswell to this stump article.

_________________

"Bantams are known as the flower garden of the poultry world." beg pardon, but this could use a bit more clarification 68.239.20.246 00:24, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed?
The article says, "Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed". A bantam is one fifth of the size of a hen? That makes them about the size of a gerbil. Is this a mistake, a joke, or am I missing something? -- Euchiasmus 10:54, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I've just been reading a book about poultry and discovered what I think is the answer. A photograph in the book shows a bantam as being about 60% of the height of its large fowl counterpart, but the caption says it's about a quarter of the size. If you reduce all the dimensions of something by 60%, its volume (and supposedly its mass) decreases by (0.6)3 which is 0.216. That's "one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed". When I read the article and inserted the comment above, I was imagining it meant a fifth to a quarter of the height. Silly mistake of mine, but I'll leave the comment here just in case anyone else misunderstands it. Euchiasmus 06:09, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

A bit more to it than that. You gotta remember that the overall impression of "size" of the chicken, perhaps what you might call the "envelope", is mainly feathers. The proportion of the envelope of the bantam that is made up of feathers is not necessarily the same as the proportion of the full size breed. That is, some bantams have smaller feathers than the full size, some don't. So there is a big difference in "size" ratio depending on whether you go by height, volume, or weight. It is not intuitively obvious which one you are talking about, so Euchiasmus' final comment is a good one. Old_Wombat (talk) 02:54, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

Chickenbreed Infobox
A new infobox Infobox Chickenbreed has been created for chicken articles. If you see anywhere it needs improved please contact User:Stepshep. If it meets your criteria it is requested you add it to this article's page for standardization. Thanks! §hep  •   ¡Talk to me!  17:05, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 20:48, 3 July 2008 (UTC) nyfk.jj,u —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.197.68.74 (talk) 14:41, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

What do they taste like?
And please don't tell me it's chicken. Myles325a (talk) 03:39, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

 * they taste like chicken Caucasianhamburger (talk) 03:40, 15 August 2022 (UTC)

anagram
batman?

Why are they smaller, genetically?
Are they equivalent to human dwarfs? What happens if you cross a standard and a bantam? Are the offspring either standard or bantam, or is there a continuous range of sizes? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.48.76.228 (talk) 02:32, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

We need to get the definition right!
In the spirit of Wikipedia accuracy, it looks like we ned to get the definition right, because at the moment it's very wishy-washy. In fact there are two outright contradictions!

In that spirit I contribute this: Pat Birchall, one of the most famous poultry breeders in all of Australia (there's my referenced source!), told me that it's ONLY a "bantam" IF there is an equivalent full sized breed. That is, not every small poultry breed is a bantam. Old_Wombat (talk) 03:03, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
 * There are two classifications of bantam. True bantam, which has no large counter part, and bantam, which has a large counterpart. Though generally bantam refers to any small chicken breed. Anjwalker   Talk 06:02, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Comparing apples and pears
compare the chick of a known large breed with the chick of a true bantem. If there is a 'bantam' version of every breed, that is what should be used for comparison. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 23:28, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Agreed in essence. Not to mention Japanese are the 2nd smallest of the True Bantams according to standardised weights (the closely related Serama is the only one smaller), so it's not really a far comparison. But that said, unless a better photo is available I wouldn't remove it immediately. JTdale   Talk 02:09, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

Bantam chicken eggs are only about a third to half the size of a regular hen egg.
no they are not. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.234.55.14 (talk) 02:42, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bantam (poultry)


text:
House of Style

House of Style is an MTV show that premiered in May 1989, focusing on America's growing fascination with the "supermodel" craze. The show focused on fashion, lives of models, the modeling industry, and topics such as eating disorders.

Overview
The show was produced by Edward Christiansen and directed by Joshua Homnick and Steve Paley and during its eleven-year run, featured a variety of hosts, most of whom were professional models, including original host Cindy Crawford, as well as Rebecca Romijn and Molly Sims, whom the show helped make into household names. Following Crawford's six-year run, MTV cut the number of episodes ordered for each year after her departure until the show was reduced to a yearly special and then ultimately canceled in 2000.

Other hosts of House of Style included Amber Valletta, Shalom Harlow, and Daisy Fuentes, while ex-Germs/Nirvana/Foo Fighters guitarist Pat Smear was featured in regular segments during Crawford's years as host.

Revival
The show was revived for one episode on March 21, 2009, with Bar Refaeli as the host and Chanel Iman as a correspondent.

The show returned to MTV.com as a web series on August 7, 2014, with rapper and model Iggy Azalea as the host.

title: House of Style


text:
Talk:The Others (band)

Untitled
I've added a photograph of the band and added links to their official website and the Poptones website. The fansite link has been moved to the appropriate place. I've also removed the sentence on album reviews as this was inaccurate (Q magazine, incorrectly in my opinion, gave an extremely poor review to the album) and in any case unnecessary in an encyclopaedia article.

Wrong album cover
Someone put the Crazy Frog album cover instead of the actual cover of the others self-titled album

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Hans Litten

Hans Achim Litten (19 June 1903 – 5 February 1938) was a German lawyer who represented opponents of the Nazis at important political trials between 1929 and 1932, defending the rights of workers during the Weimar Republic.

During one trial in 1931, Litten subpoenaed Adolf Hitler to appear as a witness, and cross-examined him for three hours. Hitler was so rattled by the experience that, years later, he would not allow Litten's name to be mentioned in his presence. In retaliation, Litten was arrested on the night of the Reichstag fire along with other progressive lawyers and leftists. Litten spent the rest of his life in one German concentration camp or another, enduring torture and many interrogations. After five years and a move to Dachau, where his treatment worsened and he was cut off from all outside communication, he committed suicide.

A number of memorials to him exist in Germany, but Litten was largely ignored for decades because his politics did not fit comfortably in either the west or the communist postwar propaganda. Not until 2011 was Litten finally portrayed in the mass media, when the BBC broadcast The Man Who Crossed Hitler, a television film set in Berlin in summer 1931.

The early years
Litten was born the eldest of three sons in a wealthy family in Halle. His parents were Irmgard (née Wüst) and Friedrich Litten (Fritz). Fritz was born and raised Jewish, but converted to Lutheranism in order to further his career as a law professor. He was a nationalist conservative, and served in the army in World War I, earning the Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd Class. He opposed the postwar Weimar Republic. A distinguished jurist and professor of Roman and civil law, he was dean of Königsberg's law school, later becoming rector of that institution. He was also privy counsel (Geheimer Justizrat) and adviser to the Prussian government. Irmgard was from an established Lutheran family in Swabia, the daughter of Albert Wüst, a professor at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. The family left Halle in 1906 and moved to Königsberg in Prussia.

Litten himself was baptized a Christian - his godfather was Franz von Liszt. Nonetheless, as a youngster he learned Hebrew, choosing it as one of the subjects for his Abitur examinations. From his mother, Litten acquired an interest in humanitarian ideas and art, and gained a strong sense of justice for the threatened, persecuted and disenfranchised. While his father was away at war, Litten once took food from the kitchen to give to a beggar, addressing him as "sir". Litten's relationship with his father was strained, and his initial interest in Judaism was out of rebellion; he felt his father's conversion was opportunistic. Litten became interested in a German-Jewish youth group with socialist-revolutionary ideas, joining with a school friend, Max Fürst. Nonetheless, at times, he considered himself a Christian. In Dachau he was registered as a Jew, and had to wear the yellow star on his clothing.

Litten sought out political debate in his youth. He was shaped by important political and social events of the era, such as World War I, the anti-war demonstration in Berlin on 1 May 1916, when Litten was not quite 13, the German Revolution of 1918–1919, and the arrest and murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg by Freikorps soldiers in January 1919. There is an anecdote from Litten's school years, when he was asked in the classroom if they should hang a picture of Paul von Hindenburg, victor of the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg. Litten stated, "I've always been in favour of hanging him."

Litten was pressed into studying law by his father. He was not interested in it, writing in his journal, "When the ox in paradise was bored, he invented jurisprudence." He wanted to study art history, but nonetheless, he approached his law studies in Berlin and Munich with intensity, inspired by the events of the day. The Kapp Putsch, the 1924 court case against Adolf Hitler and other events convinced Litten that Germany was approaching a very dangerous period. His perception that right-wing radicals were receiving more lenient treatment in court than their opponents led to his decision to become a lawyer.

Litten passed his examinations in 1927 with excellent grades and was offered a lucrative job in the Reich Ministry of Justice, as well as a good position in a flourishing law firm. He declined both choosing instead to open a law office in 1928 with Dr. Ludwig Barbasch, a friend who was close to the Communist Party.

Politically Litten was on the left, though independent. He valued his independence and once said, "two people would be one too many for my party." Culturally, Litten was conservative, enjoying classical music and poetry such as that of Rainer Maria Rilke, whose work he could recite. He was an internationalist and was able to read English, Italian, and Sanskrit, as well as enjoying the music of the Middle East. He had a photographic memory and was considered to have a brilliant intellect.

Cross-examination of Hitler
In May 1931, Litten summoned Adolf Hitler to testify in the Tanzpalast Eden Trial, a court case involving two workers stabbed by four SA men. Litten cross examined Hitler for three hours, exposing many points of contradiction and proving that Hitler had exhorted the SA to embark on a systematic campaign of violence against the Nazis' enemies. That was crucial because, to appeal to middle class voters, Hitler was trying to pose as a conventional politician and maintained that the activities of the Nazi Party were "strictly legal".

Though a judge eventually halted Litten's questioning, thereby saving Hitler from further damning exposure, newspapers reported on the trial in detail and Hitler was investigated for perjury that summer. Although he survived that inquiry intact, he was rattled by the experience.

The Nazis seize power
By 1932, the Nazi Party was in ascendancy. Litten's mother and friends were urging him to leave Germany, but he stayed. He said, "The millions of workers can't leave here, so I must stay too". Hitler's hatred for Litten was not forgotten and in the early hours of 28 February 1933, the night of the Reichstag fire, he was roused from his bed, arrested and taken into protective custody. Litten's colleagues Ludwig Barbasch and Professor Felix Halle were also arrested.

Litten was first sent – without trial – to Spandau Prison. From there, he was moved from camp to camp, despite efforts by his mother to free him, along with jurists and prominent people from in and outside Germany, such as Clifford Allen and the "European Conference for Rights and Freedom", which had members from several countries. Litten was sent to Sonnenburg concentration camp, Brandenburg-Görden Prison, where he was tortured, along with anarchist Erich Mühsam. In February 1934, he was moved to the Moorlager, Esterwegen concentration camp in Emsland and a few months later, he was sent to Lichtenburg.

The treatment Litten suffered was later described to his mother by an eyewitness. Very early on, he was beaten so badly that the Nazis refused to let even his fellow prisoners see him. He was tortured and forced into hard labor. He attempted suicide in 1933 in an attempt to avoid endangering his former clients, but he was revived by the Nazis so that they could interrogate him further. Litten's suicide attempt came at Spandau Prison, after he buckled under torture administered to extract information about the Felsenecke trial (see below). After revealing some information, he was immediately accused in the press as an accomplice to the murder of an SA man. Litten then wrote a letter to the Gestapo, saying that evidence gained in such a manner was not true and that he recanted. Knowing what awaited him, he then attempted to take his life.

Litten's mother wrote about his ordeal, recounting how injuries sustained by him early on left his health permanently damaged. One eye and one leg were injured, never recovering; his jawbone fractured; inner ear damaged; and many teeth knocked out. She also related how, despite her access to many important people in Germany at that time, including Reichswehrminister Werner von Blomberg, Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Reichsbischof Ludwig Müller, Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner and even then-State Secretary Roland Freisler, she was unable to secure her son's release.

Despite his injuries and suffering, Litten strove to maintain his spirits. At one point, in 1934, his situation improved a little bit when he was moved to Lichtenburg. Initially, it was the same, with more beatings, but then he was allowed to work in the book bindery and the library. On occasion, he was able to listen to music on the radio on Sundays. He was well liked and respected by his fellow prisoners for his knowledge, inner strength and courage. One prisoner wrote about a party (allowed by the SS) at which a number of SS men were in attendance. Unafraid of their presence, Litten recited the lyrics of a song that had meant a lot to him in his youth, "Thoughts are free" (in German, Die Gedanken sind frei). The prisoner said that apparently the SS men did not grasp the significance of the words.

Dachau and death
In summer 1937, Litten was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp for a month, before finally being sent to Dachau. He arrived on 16 October 1937 and was put in the Jewish barracks. The Jewish prisoners were isolated from others because Jews in other countries were then spreading the grim news about Dachau. Litten's last letter to his family, written in November 1937, spoke of the situation, adding that the Jewish prisoners were soon to be denied mail privileges until further notice. All letters from Jewish prisoners at Dachau ceased at this time.

In the face of their depressing situation, the Jews at Dachau made efforts to have culture and discussion in their lives, to keep their spirits up. Litten would recite Rilke for hours and he impressed the other prisoners with his knowledge on many subjects. Underneath, however, Litten was losing hope. On 5 February 1938, after five years of interrogation and torture and a failed escape attempt, Litten was found by several friends from his barracks, hanging in the lavatory, a suicide.

The day before his suicide, one of Litten's friends, Alfred Dreifuß, found a noose under Litten's pillow. He showed it to the blockälteste, who said it was not the first that had been found in Litten's possession. At the time, Litten was under interrogation in the "bunker" (see photo). When he came back, he was clearly in a suicidal frame of mind, repeating several times that he "must speak with Heinz Eschen", a prisoner who had just died. He also had recently told his friends that he had enough of being imprisoned. Another of Litten's Dachau friends, Alfred Grünebaum, said later that Litten was in constant fear of more brutal interrogations and that Litten had given up on ever being free. On the evening of 4 February 1938, it was clear what Litten had in mind, but no one kept watch. In the middle of the night, his bed was discovered empty and his friends found him hanging in the lavatory. Litten wrote a few parting words and that he had decided to take his life.

Highlights of Litten's legal work
During one of his first trials, Litten caused a sensation, setting the stage for his future as a "labor lawyer". He represented workers who were sentenced in March 1921 to a long term at hard labor in a Zuchthaus for organized resistance against a police raid of a mass uprising in the central German industrial region a year earlier. The police raid was ordered by the Prussian Minister of the Interior, Carl Severing. Litten was able to get some of the workers recognized as political actors, making them eligible under the amnesty law of August 1920.

Through his law partner, Barbasch, Litten got involved with the Rote Hilfe, a solidarity organization founded by Wilhelm Pieck and Clara Zetkin that supported worker's families in dire need during the turbulent early years of the Weimar Republic. In addition, the Rote Hilfe arranged legal support and legal defense for workers who were under indictment for their political activities or views. By mid 1929, the Rote Hilfe had helped nearly 16,000 arrested workers with legal defense and supported the legal rights of another 27,000 cases.

1929: May Day Trial
In 1929, Litten defended participants in the 1929 May Day rally in Berlin, known as Blutmai ("Bloody May 1929"). Annual rallies on 1 May had been taking place in Berlin since 1889. In 1929, however, the rally turned bloody when the city banned all demonstrations and the Berlin police intervened with excessive force. Confrontations between demonstrators and police erupted and the police began firing live ammunition into crowds and buildings, killing 33 and injuring hundreds, including many bystanders. The workers were charged with severe breach of the peace and with sedition.

In preparation for a defense, Litten founded a committee with Alfred Döblin, Heinrich Mann and Carl von Ossietzky to investigate the event. Litten himself had been at the demonstration and observed the actions of the police. When he went to one man's aid and began writing down the names of victims and eyewitnesses, he was himself beaten by a policeman, even though he had identified himself as a lawyer. Litten filed an indictment against Berlin Police President, Karl Friedrich Zörgiebel, charging him with 33 counts of incitement to commit murder. In his legal notice, he stated:

Zörgiebel has been a member of the Social Democratic Party for many years. He therefore knows that even in Imperial Germany and czarist Russia, workers have never foregone the right to May Day demonstrations because of a police ban. He also knows that a socialist-educated working class will never let this right be taken away. If the defendant still upheld the ban on demonstrations, he also knew there would still be a demonstration. As a person of normal intelligence, the defendant knew that lifting the ban on demonstration would not have come even close to the terrible effect from violent enforcement of the ban.

Litten's approach was to focus on the legality of the police use of lethal force. Rather than prosecute individual police officers, Litten sought to hold the President responsible and he accused Zörgiebel of ordering the police to use truncheons and live ammunition against the demonstrators. If the police action was illegal under the criminal code, the resulting deaths were murders and anything done by the demonstrators was "self-defense in the full legal sense". He argued that Zörgiebel had ordered the police to use lethal force for political, rather than law enforcement reasons. As proof, he produced a 2 May 1929 article from the Berliner Tageblatt, where Zörgiebel had written a defense of his actions that showed its political basis. According to Prussian law, police could use "necessary measures" to maintain public peace and security or prevent a public danger; in other words, it was to be police work and not the result of political conditions.

The indictment of Zörgiebel was rejected by the public prosecutors and Litten appealed to a higher court. Zörgiebel turned around and pressed charges against a Leftist who had slapped his ear. Litten then appeared for this worker's defense, arguing that the worker had acted out of justifiable anger about Zörgiebel's 33 murders. The justice rejected Litten's request to produce evidence on the grounds that the 33-count murder indictment against Zörgiebel could be accepted as fact without dropping the culpability of the worker who had hit Zörgiebel on the ear.

The objective in Litten's many lawsuits for the victims of police violence was not to litigate individual incidents, but rather to warn about the growing repression in Weimar Republic. He also worked to put paramilitary violence on display, in the hopes it would awaken the German people to the threat facing them. He saw the methods of the police as approaching those of civil war and as being illegal and worked to prove that in court and to prosecute the responsible parties, even if they were in the highest political circles. He wasn't interested in creating Left Wing martyrs, rather he sought acquittal or an appropriate sentence, which caused him multiple conflicts with the Rote Hilfe and the Communist Party of Germany.

1931: Tanzpalast Eden Trial
On November 22, 1930, an SA Rollkommando attacked a popular dance hall frequented predominantly by left-wing workers. The victims were members of a migrant workers' association that was holding a meeting at the Tanzpalast Eden ("Eden Dance Palace") in Berlin. Three people were killed and 20 injured in an attack that was planned in advance. The subsequent police investigation was plodding and slow.

Litten used four of the injured to represent the plaintiff, seeking to prove three cases of attempted manslaughter, breach of the peace and assault. In addition to pursuing criminal convictions of the offenders, Litten wanted to show that the Nazis intentionally used terror as a tactic to destroy the democratic structures of the Weimar Republic. Hitler was summoned to appear as a witness in court to that end.

Shortly before, in September 1930, Hitler had appeared in Leipzig as a witness at the "Ulm Reichswehr Trial" against two officers charged with conspiracy to commit treason for having had membership in the Nazi Party, at that time, forbidden to Reichswehr personnel. Hitler had insisted that his party operated legally, that the phrase "National Revolution" was to be interpreted only "politically", and that his Party was a friend, not an enemy of the Reichswehr. Under oath, Hitler had described the SA as an organization of "intellectual enlightenment" and explained his statement that "heads will roll" as a comment about "intellectual revolution".

The court called Hitler to appear on the witness stand on 8 May 1931. Litten set out to show that the SA Sturm 33 ("Storm 33") was a rollkommando (a small, mobile paramilitary unit, generally murderous) and that its attack of the Eden and the resulting murders were undertaken with the knowledge of the party leadership. This would mean that the Nazi Party was not, in fact, a legal and democratic organization and would undermine Hitler's efforts to be seen as a serious politician and statesman.

Hitler never forgot the Eden trial, and held a personal antipathy towards Litten. Years later, Litten's name still could not be mentioned in Hitler's presence. Roland Freisler quoted Franz Gürtner as saying, "No one will be able to do anything for Litten. Hitler turned red with rage from just hearing Litten's name, once bellowing at Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, 'Anyone who advocates for Litten lands in the concentration camp, even you.'"

Excerpts from the trial
Litten: (…) Did you know that in the circles of the SA there is talk of a special rollkommando?

Hitler: I haven't heard anything about a rollkommando. (…)

Litten: You said that there will be no violent acts on the part of the National Socialist Party. Didn't Goebbels create the slogan, "one must pound the adversary to a pulp?"

Hitler: This is to be understood as "one must dispatch and destroy opposing organizations". (…)

(The presiding judge read a question formulated by Litten): Did Hitler, as he named Goebbels "Reichsleiter" (Leader for the empire) of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, know of the passage from his book, where Goebbels declares that fear of the coup d'état cannot be permitted, that parliament should be blown up and the government hunted to hell and where the call to revolution was made again, letter-spaced?

Hitler: I can no longer testify under oath, if I knew Goebbels' book at the time. The theme (…) is absolutely of no account to the Party, as the booklet doesn't bear the Party emblem and is also not officially sanctioned by the Party. (…)

Litten: Must it not be measured against Goebbels' example, to awaken the notion in the Party, that the legality scheme is not far away, if you neither reprimanded nor shut out a man like Goebbels, rather straightaway made him head of Reich Propaganda?

Hitler: The entire Party stands on legal ground and Goebbels (…) likewise. (…) He is in Berlin and can be called here any time.

Litten: Has Herr Goebbels prohibited the further dissemination of his work?

Hitler: I don't know.

[In the afternoon, Litten returned to this subject.]

Litten: Is it correct that Goebbels' revolutionary journal, The Commitment to Illegality [Das Bekenntnis zur Illegalität], has now been taken over by the Party and has reached a circulation of 120,000? (…) I have concluded that the journal is sanctioned by the Party. (…)

Presiding judge: Herr Hitler, in point of fact, you testified this morning, that Goebbels' work is not official Party [material].

Hitler: And it isn't, either. A publication is an official Party [organ] when it bears the emblem of the Party.

Hitler (shouting, red-faced): How dare you say, Herr Attorney, that is an invitation to illegality? That is a statement without proof!

Litten: How is it possible that the Party publishing house takes over a journal that stands in stark contrast to the Party line?

Presiding judge: That doesn't have anything to do with this trial.

1932: Felseneck Trial
The Felseneck Trial was Litten's last major fight against the Nazi Party. On trial were five Nazis and 19 residents of the Felseneck arbor colony, where many left-wing workers, including Communists and Social Democrats, were living. In January 1932, there was a brawl involving about 150 storm troopers and colony residents. The troopers surrounded the colony and attacked with stones and firearms. Two people were killed, Ernst Schwartz, a member of the Berlin SA and Fritz Klemke, a Communist; several others, including two police officers, were injured. The resulting trial had numerous defendants and hundreds of witnesses.

Litten's meticulousness began to annoy both the presiding judge and the prosecutors, who began to conspire to get Litten removed from the trial. Although there were no legal grounds, the court expelled Hans Litten both as counsel and ancillary counsel for the plaintiff because he had "unfurled unrestrained partisan propaganda in the trial" and "made the courtroom a hotbed of political passions". This decision was set aside by the court of appeals, whereupon the presiding judge and an official from the criminal division declared the trial to be biased and the trial was unable to proceed.

Shortly after that, Litten was again removed from a high court, having been accused of influencing a witness. This time, the action was sustained by the Kammergericht (Supreme Court) and the court commented further during an investigation of the defense, that the main trial was generally inadmissible. This caused an uproar in the community of Berlin lawyers, including those who were not well-disposed toward Litten. A meeting of Berlin attorneys demanded a change to the law in order to prevent such a curtailment of the fundamental rights of defense attorneys.

Litten was excoriated in the Nazi press as the "Red Death Defender" and readers were urged to "Put a stop to his dirty work". It was no longer possible for Litten to go out in public without a bodyguard.

Legacy
Aside from several memorials in Germany, after the war Litten remained unknown for decades because neither western nor communist governments found him suitable for their Cold War propaganda. For the west, Litten had been too involved with communists and for communists, Litten's rejection of Stalinism made him a pariah.

When East and West Germany were reunited, the lawyers association of Berlin chose to call itself the Hans Litten Bar Association. Every two years, a lawyer is given the Hans Litten Prize by the German and European Democratic Lawyers Association. The Israeli lawyer Leah Tsemel and Michael Ratner, an American lawyer and the president of the Center for Constitutional Rights, have both received the award.

There is a memorial plaque for Litten located on the former Neue Friedrichstraße, renamed in Litten's honor in 1951. The federal and Berlin bar associations (Bundesrechtsanwaltskammer and Rechtsanwaltskammer Berlin) have their headquarters at the Hans Litten Haus, also on Littenstraße (see photo).

In 2008, the first in-depth biography of Litten in English was written. Author Benjamin Carter Hett, a historian and former lawyer, came across Litten while working on another book. Commenting on the relevance of Litten's life today and the treatment he suffered while imprisoned, Hett said:

"...it is startling to read the words of Werner Best, one of the top officials in Hitler's secret police, the Gestapo, explaining in 1935 why the Nazi regime would not allow concentration camp prisoners like Hans Litten to have lawyers: "The forms of procedure of the justice system are, under present conditions, absolutely inadequate for the struggle against enemies of the state." It is also startling to read that some of the tortures inflicted on Litten and his fellow prisoners – mock shootings, "stress positions" – were the same as those used at Abu Ghraib or Guantanamo."

In 2011 Litten's story was filmed by the BBC. The Man Who Crossed Hitler was written by Mark Hayhurst and directed by Justin Hardy. The role of Hans Litten was played by Ed Stoppard. Hayhurst has also written a play on Litten's life, entitled Taken At Midnight, which premiered at Chichester Festival Theatre in September 2014 and transferred to Theatre Royal, Haymarket, London in January 2015.

In popular culture
Hans Litten is played by German actor Trystan Putter in Seasons 3 and 4 of the TV show Babylon Berlin.

Hans Litten's work as a lawyer prior to Hitler becoming Chancellor is featured prominently in Politics, ep. 1 of Season 1 of the 2019 BBC documentary Rise of the Nazis.

title: Hans Litten


text:
USS Fuller

USS Fuller may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Fuller (DD-297), a destroyer commissioned in 1920 and wrecked in the Honda Point Disaster in 1923
 * USS Fuller (AP-14), a transport commissioned in 1941 and decommissioned in 1946

title: USS Fuller


text:
Ek Ajnabee

Ek Ajnabee – A Man Apart is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language action-thriller film directed by Apoorva Lakhia, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Arjun Rampal and Perizaad Zorabian. It is a remake of Tony Scott's Man on Fire, a film based on a novel of the same name, which was also adapted into another film in 1987.

Ek Ajnabee was released theatrically on 9 December 2005.

Plot
Colonel Suryaveer "Surya" Singh is a bitter man and ex-Army officer, hired by his friend and former comrade Captain Shekhar Verma to protect a little girl, Anamika R. Rathore (Rucha Vaidya), who resides in Bangkok, Thailand with her Non-resident Indian (NRI) family. He drinks alcohol frequently, and is not interested in befriending the girl. Eventually, she wins his heart, and he helps her to prepare for a swim meet. One day Anamika gets kidnapped, and Surya receives serious injuries in his attempt to prevent the kidnapping. Her father is not able to pay the sum to release his daughter. So Suryaveer uses all his skills to save the life of the child, only to find out about the conspiracy that is behind the little girl's kidnapping. Surya learns that Chang, Shekhar's lawyer, is behind some of this. The real mastermind behind this is Chang's brother. Surya holds Chang hostage, while Chang's brother holds Anamika hostage. When they come to exchange the people, Chang's brother reveals a great secret to Surya. Surya learns that Shekhar was all behind this. Surya kills Chang's brother's men. A great fight between Shekhar and Surya starts. Shekhar is killed, and Surya spends the rest of his life with Anamika and her mother. In the end, Anamika gets a new bodyguard, and the film shows her during her swimming practice, with Surya and her new bodyguard 15 years later.

Cast

 * Amitabh Bachchan as Col. Suryaveer "Surya" Singh
 * Arjun Rampal as Captain Shekhar Verma
 * Baby Rucha Vaidya as Anamika R. Rathore
 * Perizaad Zorabian as Nikasha R. Rathore
 * Vikram Chatwal as Ravi Rathore
 * Daya Shankar Pandey as Kripa "Krispi" Shankar
 * Akhilendra Mishra as ACP Harvinder "Harry" Singh
 * Aditya Lakhia as Sammy
 * Denzil Smith as Lee Kap
 * Rajendranath "Raj" Zutshi as Wong
 * Kelly Dorjee as Bangkok Police Officer Inspector Kelly

Also appearing in the film in Special appearances are Abhishek Bachchan as a Bodyguard, and Lara Dutta as Adult Anamika. Sanjay Dutt makes a special appearance as Hip-Hop MC in the song "They Dont Know." Czech dancer, Hanah appeares in the song "Ek Ajnabi (Mama Told Me)."

Production
Apoorva Lakhia said that the script was written with the lead actor, Amitabh Bachchan, in mind. " Lakhia explained that "Man on Fire has been made into four films in five different languages. [sic] So this is the Indian version. It has all the necessarily ingredients required for a movie to come out of India." Vikram Chatwal, who plays Ravi Rathore in the film, said, "People talk a lot about cross cultural films. These films don't necessarily have to be like Monsoon Wedding or Bend It Like Beckham. This is not another Hindi film. This is not a remake of Man on Fire. If you see the way it is shot, edited and directed, it is setting new standards. Mr Bachchan is reinventing himself. So please don't turn this film into another Bollywood film."

The film was shot on location in Bangkok, Thailand, for 35 days. Lakhia said that he and Bunty Walia, a producer, chose Bangkok because "we wanted our characters to stand out. When they are walking on the street, they will look different. Both my heroes are over six feet, and Thai men are not as tall. So it was really important to be in a place where they could stand out."

Release and distribution
Eros International released the film on 16 December 2005.

Soundtrack
The music has been composed by Vishal–Shekhar and Amar Mohile. Lyrics are penned by Sameer, Vishal Dadlani, Jaideep Sahni, and Lalit Tiwari.

Vipin Vijayan of Rediff.com said, "The film's music is funky and may soon rock discotheques."

Critical response
Manish Gajjar of BBC Shropshire wrote, "Overall, this thriller is a must-see if you are an Amitabh fan." Vipin Vijayan of Rediff.com said that the film "reinvents Vijay Dinanath Chauhan (Bachchan's very popular character in Agneepath)," and that the film has "a racy first" act but that it "loses steam in the second half."

Bunty Walia, the producer, said that there had been accusations that the film had been plagiarised. He said "To our credit, [ Apoorva Lakhia ] and I never hid the fact that Ek Ajnabee was adapted from Man on Fire. Quite unlike some others who borrow blindly and presume others are blind to their intentions."

In 2006 the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences stated an interest in acquiring a copy of the Ek Ajnabee screenplay for its collection. Walia said that this was an "honour" after the plagiarism accusations. Subhash K. Jha of the Hindustan Times said, "Isn't it ironical that the Americans want a copy of a script, which is straightaway inspired by the Hollywood film Man on Fire?"

Box office
In the United Kingdom, the film was screened in 20 cinemas during its opening weekend, making £35,058, with an average of £1,757 per showing. Manish Gajjar of BBC Shropshire said, "It has not done so well in the UK cinemas."

title: Ek Ajnabee