text:
User talk:D. F. Schmidt

Welcome!

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History of the Papacy
You should consider your words more carefully. Just because you disagree with an edit doesn't make it "unjust." The redirect was in response to a proposal to merge the two articles, and I don't see anything in your revert that addresses the question of whether the two topics should be merged or not. Before undoing a merge, you should present some argument that the merge should be undone. And again, stop throwing around ridiculous terms like "unjust." | Mr. Darcy talk 03:19, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * You could have responded on your talk page. I had it watched. In any case, I still don't see a reference to any such proposal, let alone a vote. And if you see the talk page, you may see that I did present an argument. While it's not an argument that takes up a lot of space, you can see it at Talk:History of the Papacy. And note the list of various eras at the top of that page. Clearly you might see that History of the Vatican City does not cover that entire span. D. F. Schmidt 13:54, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The merger proposal was made here (second-to-last item in the Jan 2006 section) by the page's author. If the history of the Papacy and the history of Vatican City are inextricably linked, and either of the two articles would be too short to stand on its own (as appears to be the case of the Papacy article, which is still just a collection of links), then they should remain merged until there's sufficient content to flesh both articles out. | Mr. Darcy talk 15:12, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * In the case that they are indeed inextricably linked, I would assume that the History of the Papacy would be the parent of the History of the Vatican City. In fact, that is how the author intended the merger in the first place. "The latter [history of the Vatican City] could be merged with it [history of the Papacy] as the last section." If one was to be larger than the other, the History of the Papacy would be larger, because the History of the Vatican City is a rather small subset (with respect to content, at least). Perhaps the pope has always sat in the Vatican (other than the Avignon period), but still the importance of the city itself in that history is rather small, I suspect. But personally, I feel that the history of the Vatican City should remain a separate article because it seems as though it covers a rather small span, but in quite a good detail. D. F. Schmidt 16:38, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Misc
I just saw on your user page that you currently attend UCF. What are you studying? El Cubano 01:21, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Civil engineering. It's kicking my tail, but I'm not willing to change my major. D. F. Schmidt 11:42, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Awesome. I was class of 2004, Honors in Computer Engineering. El Cubano 15:14, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Segway PT
Hello there, I am very sorry for the fact that I somehow reverted your edit; I can assure you this was a mistake and I do not know how it happened, but looking at the edit I shall restore it in a minute. Also, since you seem to have taken offence to the word "nonsense", let me just point out that the revert was not done by hand, but rather using a program that speeds up reverting (as is required for the vast quantities of vandalism on here), and the message itself simply a template - i.e. not my words. So sorry again, and keep up the good work! LibLord 22:21, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * It's no big problem for me, but you can maybe see why I took offense at it. I hadn't seen such a message from a bot before, or maybe it just didn't look like text from one. If possible, you might want to reword that text to make it either more obvious that it's a bot, or tone it down a bit. D. F. Schmidt 02:58, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Found poetry
Hi. I noticed you have edited found poetry a while back. The article has stagnated. It is a target for vandalism. Please help us expand the article, or at least put this article on your watchlist to help fight off vandalism. --Justpassin (talk) 23:33, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Meetup
Meetup/Tampa -- You're invited! Hires an editor (talk) 23:26, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

Indiana Jones WikiProject Now Open!
I have finally created a WikiProject for Indiana Jones! Check it out. -- MISTER ALCOHOL  TC 04:14, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

.999... < 1 ?
Hi, I just saw the detailed discussion at 0.999... and thought you might enjoy my reprint at arxiv:0811.0164 Katzmik (talk) 15:10, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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title: User talk:D. F. Schmidt


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List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) related organizations and conferences range from social and support groups to organizations that are political in nature. Some groups are independent, while others are officially recognized advocacy groups within mainstream religious organizations.

 * For groups whose primary purpose is campaigning for the legal rights of LGBT people, please see List of LGBT rights organizations.
 * For organizations affiliated with political parties, please see List of LGBT organizations that affiliate with political parties.
 * For organizations primarily serving LGBT medical professionals or promoting LGBT health, please see List of LGBT medical organizations.

International

 * Affirming Pentecostal Church International – an Apostolic Pentecostal denomination operating in the US and many other countries
 * All Out – a global not-for-profit organisation that is focused on political advocacy for the human rights of LGBT people
 * Axios – organization of Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine Rite, and Eastern Catholic Christians who are LGBT
 * Emergence International – support group for LGBT Christian Scientists (not to be confused with Scientology)
 * Federation of Gay Games – fosters LGBT self-respect through the Gay Games, an organized international participatory athletic and cultural event
 * Frontrunners – LGBT running and walking clubs
 * GALA Choruses – Gay and Lesbian Association of Choruses
 * Gay Games – an organized international participatory athletic and cultural event held every four years
 * Global Alliance of Affirming Apostolic Pentecostals (GAAAP) (Encompasses the former Apostolic Restoration Mission) International LGBT-Affirming Apostolic (Oneness) Pentecostal denomination
 * GRIN Campaign – campaigning for social and political equality in education
 * Lavender Languages and Linguistics Conference – an international conference for queer linguistics
 * International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
 * International Conference on Bisexuality
 * International Mister Leather
 * InterPride – an organization of over 200 Pride event organisers
 * Metropolitan Community Church
 * OutRight Action International – international human rights organization dedicated to improving the lives of people who experience discrimination or abuse on the basis of their sexual orientation, gender identity or expression
 * Q Christian Fellowship – global membership and attendance, but conference has only been hosted in the United States
 * Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence

Algeria

 * Trans Homos DZ

Nigeria

 * Bisi Alimi Foundation

Morocco

 * Kif-Kif

South Africa

 * Coalition of African Lesbians
 * Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
 * Gender DynamiX

Zimbabwe

 * GALZ

China

 * Tong-Kwang Light House Presbyterian Church
 * Beijing Queer Chorus

Hong Kong

 * Transgender Resource Center

India

 * Fifty Shades of Gay (FSOG)
 * Gay Bombay
 * LABIA
 * Orinam
 * Sahodari Foundation
 * Sangama (human rights group)
 * Sappho for Equality
 * Srishti Madurai

Israel

 * Aswat – a feminist queer group for Palestinian women based in Haifa
 * Black Laundry – Israeli LGBT anarchist group which campaigns against the occupation of the Palestinian territories, and other issues
 * Israel Gay Youth (IGY)
 * The Israeli Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Association – also called "the Aguda", the biggest LGBT rights association in Israel
 * Tehila – Support for the parents of LGBT people
 * Tel Aviv Municipal LGBT Community Center – Tel Aviv-Yafo's City community center for LGBTQ people.

Japan

 * Arima LGBT Support Group ありまま(LGBTグループ)
 * プライドハウス東京 – Pride House Tokyo Japan 2020
 * Clinic For Rainbows
 * Kanazawa Rainbow Pride 金沢レインボープライド
 * Kobe IDAHO 神戸IDAHO
 * LGBT Gakushin Circle 学習院大学LGBTサークルにじがく
 * LGBT Families and Friends Association LGBTの家族と友人をつなぐ会
 * Marriage For All Japan
 * Miyoshi Real Estate Group for LGBT 三好不動産フレンズ（LGBT）
 * Nijidiversity NPO
 * Nijiro Kazoku / Rainbow Families にじいろかぞく
 * Osaka Sexual Minorities and Neurodiversity Support Group 発達障害 × セクマイの会 @大阪
 * Rainbow Pride Ehime Film Festival
 * Sapporo Rainbow Pride (March) さっぽろレインボープライド
 * Startline Home Care Agency NPO法人Startline. net / 訪問介護事業所SAISON
 * Stonewall Japan Nonprofit
 * Takarazuka Human Rights Division ありのままに自分らしく【宝塚市人権男女共同参画課】

Nepal

 * Blue Diamond Society

Philippines

 * Philippine LGBT Chamber of Commerce

Taiwan

 * Taiwan Tongzhi Hotline Association

Australia

 * Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives – community-based organization committed to the collection and preservation of material reflecting the lives and experiences of LGBT Australians
 * Queers in Science – a Melbourne-based initiative aiming to build community and improve support for LGBTQIA+ people working in STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine) in Australia

Coral Sea Islands

 * Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands – world's first LGBT micronation

New Zealand

 * Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand – also known as Intersex Awareness New Zealand
 * Rainbow Youth

Europe
BGLBC – BeNeLux LGBTIQ+ Business Chamber

East meets West – a network of LGBTIQ professionals from Western & (primarily) Eastern Europe founded in 2013. It acts as the LGBTIQ Business Chamber for CEE Region (Central & Eastern Europe).

EGLCC – European LGBTIQ Chamber of Commerce – umbrella organization for national European LGBTIQ Chambers of Commerce

European Forum of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Christian Groups – an association of LGBT Christian groups in Europe for equality and inclusion for LGBT people within and through Christian churches and other religious bodies and multilateral organisations.

Denmark
LGBT+ Danmark - provides advocacy and counseling for the LGBT community.

Bulgaria

 * Single Step - Provides support to the LGBT community via an online chat helpline, support groups, and psychologist.

Germany

 * Berlin LGBTIQ+ Tech Week
 * BiBerlin e.V.
 * BVT* – Der Bundesverband Trans* setzt sich für eine Gesellschaft ein, in der alle trans* Personen in Würde leben. Sicher, selbstbewusst und selbstbestimmt.
 * Casa Kuà – Trans*Inter*Queer Community Health Center
 * DIE LINKE.queer
 * GGLBC German LGBTIQ+ Business Chamber – GGLBC German LGBTIQ+ Business Chamber was founded as part of a ceremony in the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 2019
 * LGBTQ STEM Berlin
 * QueerJS Berlin
 * Quaurteera – Russian-speaking queer community in Germany
 * Proudr
 * RAHM
 * UHLALA
 * Schwarz-Lila Panke
 * she*claim
 * STICKS & STONES – The LGBTIQ+ Job & Career Fair & Platform
 * Trans Day of Visibility Berlin
 * Unicorns in Tech (conference)

Hungary

 * Budapest Pride
 * Háttér Society
 * Hungarian LGBT Alliance
 * Labrisz Lesbian Association
 * LGBT+ Hedgehog club

Ireland

 * Hirschfeld Centre – an LGBT community centre operating in Dublin, Ireland, from 1979 to 1997
 * House of STEM – a community-led initiative to improve LGBTQ+ support, visibility and representation in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) and STEM-related fields in Ireland
 * Irish Gay Dads
 * Outhouse – an LGBT community and resource centre operating in Dublin, Ireland, from 1996 to present day

Italy

 * Italian GLBT Business Chamber (IGLBC)

Scotland

 * Affirmation Scotland – advocacy group composed of Church of Scotland members, works for a more LGBT-affirming denomination
 * OutScotland

Sweden

 * Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights (RFSL)
 * Scandinavian LGBT Chamber of Commerce (SGLCC)

Switzerland

 * Dialogai Geneve – Geneva LGBT umbrella organization
 * Pink Cross – Swiss LGBT umbrella organization

United Kingdom

 * Albert Kennedy Trust – organization supporting LGBT homeless
 * Albany Trust – educational and counseling organization
 * BiCon (UK) – organization for bisexuals that hosts an annual convention.
 * Broken Rainbow – charity and support group for victims of same-sex domestic violence
 * InterEngineering – a professional network aiming to connect, inform and empower lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender engineers and their straight allies
 * FLAGS – Active Support Unit for Lesbians and Gays in Scouting – active Support Unit for LGBT people in The Scout Association
 * London Gay Men's Chorus
 * London LGBTQ+ Community Centre
 * OutBritain – UK's first LGBT+ Chamber of Commerce
 * Outdoor Lads – social gay men's group
 * People's Pride Southampton – a charity that aims to bring pride events back to the people with also offering support.
 * Pride in STEM – a charitable trust that aims to showcase LGBT people in STEM fields
 * Project for Advice, Counselling and Education
 * Proud2Serve – online network for UK Armed Forces
 * Ski Bums
 * Stonewall – an LGBT+ rights charity
 * Switchboard – helpline providing support for LGBT+
 * Trans Pride Southampton – a trans+ based group that organises trans pride in Southampton, UK.

North America

 * Gaylactic Network - a North American LGBT science fiction fandom organization
 * North American Gay Amateur Athletic Alliance
 * Pink Pistols – a gay gun rights organization
 * ReconcilingWorks

Canada

 * Chouettes Coquettes – social group for lesbian and bisexual women in Montreal who are their 20s and 30s
 * Church of Nomromism – LGBT-affirming religious organization based in British Columbia
 * Gay Line – a non-profit telephone helpline in Montreal, Canada
 * GLBTTQ Community Centre of Ottawa
 * Kind Space – a queer community centre located in Ottawa, Ontario
 * Pride Library
 * 129th Toronto Scouting Group
 * The 519 – serving both the Church and Wellesley neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, and the broader lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities in the Toronto area
 * Lambda Foundation

United States

 * 8th Day Center for Justice
 * Adodi – one of the oldest black gay organizations in the US
 * American Institute of Bisexuality – organization for bisexuals
 * Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy – organization representing aromantic people
 * Asexual Visibility and Education Network – organization representing asexual people
 * Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists – group of individuals, organizations, and congregations which advocate full LGBT-inclusion in Baptist churches
 * BAGLY – organization for LGBTQ+ youth in Greater Boston
 * Bash Back – network of anarchist and anti-authoritarian queer projects
 * Bay Area Bi+ & Pan Network – organization for bisexuals
 * Bay View Garden and Yard Society (BVGAYS) – a non-profit gardening and community organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * Bet Mishpachah – Jewish worshiping community in Washington, D.C.
 * Bialogue – organization for bisexuals
 * BiNet USA – organization for bisexuals
 * Bisexual Resource Center – organization for bisexuals
 * Bisexual Social Network – Program for bisexuals under non-profit organization Step Up For Mental Health
 * Center for Sex Positive Culture – aka the Wet Spot
 * Chinese Rainbow Network (CRN)
 * Commercial Closet Association
 * Connecticut Gay Men's Chorus
 * DignityUSA – lay organization of LGBT-affirming Roman Catholics, not a church-sanctioned organization
 * El/La Para TransLatinas
 * Gay and Lesbian Labor Activists Network
 * Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Straight Alliance (GLBTSA) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH)
 * Gay Liberation Network
 * Gay Men's Chorus of Los Angeles
 * Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, D.C.
 * Gayglers
 * Gender Justice League
 * GLAAD
 * Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft
 * GLSEN
 * Grace Gospel Chapel – an LGBT friendly Evangelical Christian church in Seattle, Washington
 * Greater Seattle Business Association – a.k.a. GSBA, the largest regional LGBT & allied chamber of commerce in the United States and second-largest chamber of commerce in Washington State
 * Gulf Coast Archive and Museum of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender History (GCAM) – formed in Houston, Texas, by a group of concerned activists so that our collective histories could be saved – as well as be available for educational uses – through the utilization of a museum or similar venue
 * Horizon Services – alcohol and drug recovery organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area – which operates some programs specifically targeting the LGBT community
 * Hudson Pride Connections Center
 * IntegrityUSA
 * Independent Gay Forum
 * Indy Pride, Inc. – serving the LGBTQ community in and near Indianapolis, Indiana
 * Lesbian Avengers
 * Lesbian Herstory Archives
 * Lesbian Sex Mafia
 * Lesbians Who Tech + Allies
 * LGBT Chamber of Commerce Illinois
 * Mazzoni Center
 * MASALA (Massachusetts Area South Asian Lambda Association)
 * Montrose Center
 * More Light Presbyterians
 * Muslim Alliance for Sexual and Gender Diversity
 * National Gay Basketball Association
 * National Gay Prisoners Coalition
 * National LGBT Chamber of Commerce
 * National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association
 * National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and Technical Professionals Inc (NOGLSTP)
 * New Ways Ministry
 * New York Area Bisexual Network – organization for bisexuals
 * Oakland Gay Men's Chorus
 * OutCare Health
 * Out in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Inc. (oSTEM) – a global society dedicated to educating, empowering and fostering leadership for LGBTQA+ communities in the STEM fields.
 * Pacific Center for Human Growth
 * Point Foundation
 * Pride365
 * PrideArts
 * Pride Foundation
 * Principle 6 campaign
 * Pro-Life Alliance of Gays and Lesbians
 * Queer Cultural Center
 * Queer Student Cultural Center
 * Reaching Out MBA
 * Rich Eychaner Charitable Foundation
 * Ruth Ellis Center
 * SAGE Services & Advocacy for GLBT Elders
 * San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus
 * Scouting for All
 * Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States
 * Ski Bums
 * SPLASH Youth of Northern Colorado – LGBTQIA+ programming for young people, all identities and orientations, ages 5–20
 * StartOut
 * St. Pat's for All
 * Stonewall Columbus (formerly Stonewall Union)
 * Stonewall Shooting Sports of Utah
 * The Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Southern Nevada – serving the LGBTQ community in and near Las Vegas, Nevada
 * Transcending Boundaries Conference – a Northeast American convention for the bisexual community; for genderqueer, transgender, intersex, and polyamorous people, and for their family, friends, and straight allies.
 * TransTech Summit – The TransTech Summit provides attendees with tools to grow their existing careers, interact with new media technology, network with other LGBT people.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cheatplanet

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 05:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Cheatplanet
Non-notable game cheat site. Vanity page. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 10:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Speedy Delete as advertising, but the content of the site appears to be decent, perhaps add as an external link to Cheat_code --Mysidia 11:12, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy nn royblumy 21:44, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - non-notable / vanity - Tεx  τ  urε  19:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sherif

Sherif, also spelled Sharif (and, in countries where Francophone Romanization is the norm, Cherif or Charif), is a proper name derived from the Arabic word sharīf (شريف, 'noble', 'highborn', 'honorable'), originally a title designating a person descended from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. More broadly, the title sharīf was historically applied to anyone of noble ancestry or political preeminence in Islamic countries.

The name has no etymological connection with the English term sheriff, which comes from the Old English word scīrgerefa, meaning "shire-reeve", the local reeve (enforcement agent) of the king in the shire (county).

Given name

 * Sherif Abdel-Fadil (born 1983), Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Ahmeti (1920–1998), commentator and translator of the Quran into Albanian
 * Sherif Alaa, Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Arafa (born 1960), Egyptian director, writer and producer
 * Sherif Ashraf (born 1987), Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Boubaghla (1820–1854), Algerian military resistance leader who led a struggle against the French colonial invasion
 * Sherif Dabo (born 1994), Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Desoky (born 1967), Egyptian actor, director, author, and storyteller
 * Sherif Ekramy (born 1983), Egyptian goalkeeper
 * Sherif El Bendary (born 1978), Egyptian film director, writer and producer
 * Sherif El-Digwy (born 1965), Egyptian judoka.
 * Sherif El-Erian (born 1970), Egyptian modern pentathlete
 * Sherif El-Khashab (born 1961), Egyptian football manager
 * Sherif El-Masri (born 1990), Canadian footballer
 * Sherif El-Saket (born 1970), Egyptian table tennis player.
 * Sherif El Shemerly, Egyptian volleyball coach
 * Sherif Farrag, Egyptian-American fencer
 * Sherif Fawaz Sharaf (born 1938), retired Jordanian administrator and ambassador
 * Sherif Fawzy (born 1990), Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Fouad Aboulkheir (1947–2021), Egyptian basketball player
 * Sherif Gaber (born c. 1993), Egyptian political activist and blogger who was arrested for atheist activism
 * Sherif Genedy (born 1979), Egyptian basketball player
 * Sherif Ismail (1955–2023), Egyptian engineer who served as Prime Minister of Egypt between 2015 and 2018
 * Sherif Jimoh (born 1996), Ivorian footballer
 * Sherif Kallaku (born 1998), Albanian footballer
 * Sherif Khalil (born 1982), Egyptian water polo player
 * Sherif Langu (1877–1956), Albanian politician and one of the founding fathers of Albania
 * Sherif Medhat (born 1988), Egyptian footballer
 * Sherif Mohie El Din (born 1964), Egyptian conductor and composer
 * Sherif Moemen (born 1974), Egyptian handball player
 * Sherif Mounir (born 1959), Egyptian actor
 * Sherif Othman (born 1982), Egyptian Paralympic powerlifter
 * Sherif Sabri Pasha (born 1895), Egyptian politician
 * Sherif Sabry (born 1986), Egyptian tennis player
 * Sherif Sadiku (born 1998), Albanian footballer
 * Sherif Salama (born 1979), Egyptian actor
 * Sherif Saleh (born 1954), Egyptian sports shooter
 * Sherif Sonbol (born 1956), Egyptian photographer
 * Sherif Touré Coubageat (born 1983), former Togolese footballer

Surname

 * Abdusalam Al-Sherif (born 1989), Saudi footballer
 * Ahmed Sherif (born 2003), Egyptian footballer
 * Ali Pasha Sherif (1834–1897), Egyptian government official and breeder of Arabian horses
 * Amro Sherif (born 1991), Egyptian basketball player
 * Basem Al-Sherif (born 1984), Saudi footballer
 * Carolyn Sherif (1922–1982), American social psychologist, helped to develop social judgment theory
 * Feroz Sherif (born 1971), former Indian footballer and coach
 * Hassan Sherif (born 1952), Ethiopian boxer
 * Hoza'a Sherif (c. 1961–2015), Lebanese diplomat
 * Hussein Sherif, Egyptian taekwondo practitioner
 * Ihab el-Sherif (1954–2005), Egyptian ambassador to Iraq, killed by Iraqi kidnappers in July 2005
 * K. S. G. Haja Shareef, Indian politician
 * Lamine Kaba Sherif (born 1999), Guinean footballer
 * Manal al-Sharif (born 1979), Saudi women's right's activist
 * Manar al-Sharif, Syrian peace activist
 * Mayar Sherif (born 1996), Egyptian tennis player
 * Mohammed Ismail Sherif (born 2002), known as Black Sherif, Ghanaian musician and performer
 * Mohamed Saad El Din Sherif (died 1997), Egyptian general and Chairman of the Arab Scout Parliamentary Union
 * Mohamed Sherif (disambiguation), several people
 * Mohamed Sherif Mohamed Ragaei Bakr (born 1996), Egyptian footballer
 * Muzafer Sherif (1906–1988), Turkish-American psychologist, one of the founders of social psychology
 * Nahed Sherif (1942–1981), Egyptian actress
 * Nour El-Sherif (1946–2015), Egyptian actor
 * Rana Sherif Ahmed (born 1994), Egyptian tennis player
 * Safwat El-Sherif (1933–2021), Egyptian politician
 * Seif Asser Sherif (born 1995), Egyptian trampolinist
 * Sultan Al-Sherif (born 1991), Saudi footballer
 * Uche Sherif (born 1983), Nigerian footballer
 * Vamba Sherif (born 1973), Liberian-born writer
 * Youssef El Sherif (born 1978), Egyptian actor

title: Sherif


text:
Talk:Derek Bickerton

TMA Verbs
what does bickerton have to say about the tense-modality-aspects systems of creole languages
 * Syntactic similarities of creoles, still under construction, is based largely on Roots of Language. There's a good argument in Language and Species that the brain evolved the symbolic representations in the order aspect, mode, then tense. Peter Grey 16:08, 12 July 2005 (UTC)Personal pagge of bickerton

http://derekbickerton.com/

Why am I being directed here?
Why does the roots of language, which could refer to any language, Dutch, Japanese, Aborigine, Creole, or what have you, redirect me to one dude? This is silly, and needs to stop. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.197.167.7 (talk) 04:14, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

English-born least misleading description of his background
He was born in England in 1926, was educated in England, studied for his undergraduate degree in England, did postgraduate work in England, gained his PhD in England, and later moved around Africa, South America, and the Pacific (Hawaii). He was 43 when he found his way to Hawaii in 1972. The article implies that at some (presumably later) point he took American citizenship. (No evidence is given in the article). Since 1948 it has been perfectly possible to retain British citizenship while taking on another citizenship of convenience. So to call him English-born American is at least as misleading as calling Einstein a German-born American physicist (which Wikipedia avoids doing) since Derek Bickerton may well have retained his original nationality all his life. One thing is clear, he was English-born and so I decided that was the most certain and least controversial way to describe him. Stikko (talk) 23:19, 28 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derek Bickerton


text:
Left SR uprising

The Left SR uprising, or Left SR revolt, was a rebellion against the Bolsheviks by the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party in Moscow, Soviet Russia, on 6–7 July 1918. It was one of a number of left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks that took place during the Russian Civil War.

The Left SRs had entered the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia after the October Revolution of 1917, but resigned from the Council of People's Commissars in March 1918 in protest of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Left SRs continued to work in other organizations (notably the Cheka) while denouncing the treaty and the policy of requisitioning grain from the peasants.

After winning only a minority of seats in the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, on 6 July the Left SRs assassinated Wilhelm von Mirbach, the German ambassador in Moscow, in the hope of recommencing the war against "German Imperialism" and of igniting a popular uprising. The rebels occupied the Cheka headquarters and took its leader Felix Dzerzhinsky hostage, seized the telephone exchange and telegraph office, and issued manifestos. Mikhail Muravyov, a Left SR and Red Army commander in the East, seized Simbirsk.

After the uprising was suppressed with help from the Latvian Riflemen, the Bolsheviks arrested most of the party's leaders, and expelled all of its members from the soviets.

Background
The revolt was led by the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries in Moscow. Previously, the Socialist Revolutionary Party had supported the continuation of the war by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution of 1917. The Bolshevik Party came to power in November 1917 through the simultaneous election in the soviets and an organized uprising supported by military mutiny. Several of the main reasons the population supported the Bolsheviks were to end the war and have a social revolution, exemplified by the slogan "Peace, Land, Bread". The Bolsheviks invited left SRs and Martov's Menshevik Internationalists to join the government. Left SRs split from the main SR party and joined the Bolshevik coalition government, supporting the Bolsheviks immediate enactment of the Socialist Revolutionary Party's land redistribution program. The Left SRs were given four Commissar positions and held high posts within the Cheka. The Left SRs still diverged with the Bolsheviks on the issue of the war and were dismayed that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gave up large amounts of territory in Eastern Europe to the Central Powers. With the treaty, the Left SRs considered that the opportunity to spread the revolution throughout Europe had been lost. They left the Council of People's Commissars in protest in March 1918 and at the 4th Congress of Soviets they voted against the treaty. Although they continued to work in the Cheka, which played a decisive role in rebellion. Left Social Revolutionaries remained on the boards of the People's Commissars, the military department, various committees, commissions, and councils.

In Finland, where the soviet government had pledged by the treaty not to intervene, the landing of German troops significantly helped the "white" (counter-revolutionary) forces to crush the Finnish Revolution. In Ukraine, a puppet government, the Hetmanate, had been established with German backing. The forces of the Central Powers advanced through Ukraine towards Rostov-on-Don while Ottoman units made it into the Caucasus. In March, Allied troops landed in Murmansk and reached the Russian Far East the next month. In late May, clashes between the Russians and the Czechoslovak Legion began, and in June rival anti-Bolshevik governments were formed in Samara (the Komuch) and Omsk (the Provisional Siberian Government). The Left SRs strongly objected to the invasion and opposed Trotsky's insistence that nobody was allowed to attack German troops in Ukraine. Sergey Mstislavsky coined the slogan “It's not a war, it's an uprising!”, calling on the “masses” to “rebel” against the German-Austrian occupation forces, accusing the Bolsheviks of creating a “state that obstructs the working class", moving away from the position of revolutionary socialism onto the path of opportunistic service to the state."

A new surge of tension was associated with an increase in the activity of the Bolsheviks in rural villages, when the Bolshevik-controlled government announced, by decree, the enforcement of a state bread monopoly and the organization of "food detachments" for the compulsory collection of bread. On 14 June 1918, representatives of the Socialist-Revolutionary parties (both Left and Right) and the Mensheviks were expelled from the All-Russian Central Executive Committee by a Bolshevik decree. By this same decree, all Soviets of workers, soldiers, peasants, and Cossack deputies were also invited to remove representatives of these parties from their midst. Vladimir Karelin, a member of the Central Committee of the Left SRs, called this decree illegal, since only the All-Russian Congress of Soviets could change the composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. In early July, the Third Congress of the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party was held, in its resolution to the present moment sharply condemned the policy of the Bolsheviks: "Increased centralization, crowning the system of bureaucratic bodies with a dictatorship, the use of requisition units operating outside the control and leadership of local Soviets, the cultivation of poor committees – all these measures create a campaign on the Soviets of peasant deputies, disorganize workers' Soviets, and confuse class relations in the countryside, creating a disastrous front between the cities and villages."

According to Richard Pipes, "[...] the Left Socialist Revolutionaries suddenly discovered that they were cooperating with a regime of prudent politicians who make deals with Germany and the countries of the Fourth Accord and again called on the 'bourgeoisie' to manage factories and command the army. What happened to the revolution? Everything that the Bolsheviks did after February 1918 did not suit the Left Socialist Revolutionaries... In the spring of 1918, the Left SRs began to treat the Bolsheviks in the same way that the Bolsheviks themselves treated the Provisional Government and democratic socialists in 1917. They declared themselves the conscience of the revolution, an incorruptible alternative to the regime of opportunists and supporters of compromise. As the influence of the Bolsheviks among industrial workers diminished, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries became more and more dangerous rivals for them, for they appealed to the very anarchist and destructive instincts of the Russian masses, on which the Bolsheviks relied while they came to power, but, having gained power, tried to suppress in every way ... In fact, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries appealed to those groups that helped the Bolsheviks seize power in October and now felt that they had been betrayed."

Fifth Congress of Soviets
In this situation of internal tension, on 4 July, the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets began to decide the country's policy. The confrontation between the SRs and Bolsheviks was harsh. Left SR speakers fiercely attacked the policy of the Bolsheviks, from the requisitioning of grain and suppression of opposition parties, to the institution of the death penalty. They argued especially against the Bolshevik peace with imperialist Germany and the lack of defense of the revolution in Ukraine and Finland. Boris Kamkov promised to "sweep food detachments from the villages." Maria Spiridonova characterized the Bolsheviks as "traitors to the revolution" and "successors to the policy of the Kerensky government." The Left SRs also called for proportional representation in the elections of the Soviets, due to the sharp vote disparity between rural and city-dwelling workers. However, the Bolsheviks had sent a large number of delegates who were suspected of not being legitimately elected, simply to achieve a large majority in Congress. The Left Socialist-Revolutionaries had 352 delegates compared to 745 Bolsheviks out of 1132 total. The vast Bolshevik majority thwarted the socialist-revolutionary plans to change government policy in Congress, which was now firmly in the hands of Lenin's party.

"As soon as the Congress of Soviets opened at the Bolshoi, the Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries immediately grabbed each other's throats. Speakers from the Left Socialist Revolutionaries accused the Bolsheviks of betraying the cause of the revolution and of fomenting war between town and country, while the Bolsheviks, in turn, reproached them for trying to provoke a war between Russia and Germany. Left Socialist-Revolutionaries proposed to express no confidence in the Bolshevik government, denounce the Brest-Litovsk Treaty and declare war on Germany. When this proposal was rejected by the Bolshevik majority, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries left the congress."

This disillusionment felt by the Left SRs, the sense of danger in the face of the Bolshevik threats – embodied in Trotsky's resolution that allowed the execution of those who opposed the German occupation of Ukraine – and the conviction that a terrorist action could force the start of new hostilities with Germany led the socialist-revolutionary leadership to plot the murder of the German ambassador in Moscow. The SR's objective was not to challenge the Bolsheviks, but to force the Sovnarkom to confront the Germans; the left SRs preferred to achieve this through motions of congress, but, once this route was exhausted, the SRs resumed the decision to carry out the Assassinations. Knowledge of the plans was confined to only a few members of the central committee: neither the delegates of the Soviet congress, nor those of the party congress, nor the Cheka's lieutenant himself, Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, received any communication about the resolution of the central committee.

Assassination of Mirbach
"In their meeting on 24 June, the Central Committee of the Left SR internationalists, having discussed the present political situation of the Republic, found that in the interests of the Russian and international revolution it was necessary to put an end to the so-called “respite”, which was created due to the ratification of the Brest-Litovsk treaty by the Bolshevik government. To this end, the Party Central Committee considered it both possible and appropriate to organize a series of terrorist acts against prominent representatives of German imperialism. At the same time, the Central Committee of the Party decided to organize a mobilization of reliable military forces for its decision and to make every effort to ensure that both the working peasantry and the working class joined the uprising and actively supported the party. To this end, to coincide with terrorist acts, an announcement was published in the newspapers of the Left SR’s participation in recent Ukrainian events, such as agitation and the destruction of weapons arsenals."

On 25 June 1918, Count Mirbach informed his boss, State Secretary of the German Foreign Ministry Richard von Kühlmann about the deep political crisis of the Bolshevik government: “Today, after more than 2 months of careful observation, I don’t think I can make a more favorable diagnosis of Bolshevism: we, no doubt, are at the bedside of a seriously ill patient; and although moments of apparent improvement are possible, ultimately it is doomed." In May, he sent a telegraph to Berlin saying “the Entente allegedly spends huge sums to bring the right wing of the Socialist Revolutionary Party to power and resume the war... Sailors on ships... are probably bribed, like the former Preobrazhensky regiment. Weapons stocks... from weapons factories in the hands of the Socialist Revolutionaries." German diplomat Carl von Botmer also testified that the German embassy, beginning in mid-June 1918, repeatedly received threats that the Bolshevik security service had investigated, but to no avail.

Yakov Blumkin, a Left SR in charge of the Cheka counter-espionage section dedicated to monitoring the activity of the Germans, and Nikolai Andreyev, a photographer the same section, received an order from Maria Spiridonova on 4 July, to carry out the assassination of the German ambassador in two days time. The day of the uprising was chosen, among other reasons, because it was the Latvian national holiday Ivanov Day (Jāņi), which was supposed to neutralize the Latvian units most loyal to the Bolsheviks. The Leadership of the Left SRs believed this assassination would lead to a widespread popular uprising in support of their aims. They claimed to be leading a revolt against the peace with Germany and not necessarily against the Bolsheviks and soviet power.

On 6 July 1918, at about 1:00 PM, a member of the Left SR central committee, probably Maria Spiridonova, handed over weapons and instructions to the assassins. Blumkin and Andreyev hid the pistols and grenades in briefcases and drove in a Cheka car to the German embassy, where they arrived at 2:15 PM. They showed a letter of introduction, supposedly signed by the head of Cheka Felix Dzerzhinsky and asked to see the German envoy. Mirbach believed that the Chekists were coming to inform him of a plan to assassinate him, a plan he had been warned about earlier. During their conversation - at about 2:50 PM, Blumkin drew up a revolver and shot at Count Mirbach, Dr. Kurt Riezler, and the interpreter, Lt. Mueller, but failed to injure any of them. Riezler and Mueller took shelter under a large table, whereas Mirbach, who tried to escape, was then shot by Andreyev. The assassins jumped out of a window while throwing grenades to create confusion; Blumkin fractured a leg in the jump and was injured by one of the embassy sentinels. The pair fled and disappeared in a car that was waiting for them in front of the embassy, heading straight for a Cheka HQ (under the command of Dmitry Popov) where the Left SR central committee was waiting. They made many mistakes during the assassination: they left a briefcase at the scene containing certificates in the name of Blumkin and Andreyev; Riezler and Mueller, witnesses to the murder, also survived. In the turmoil, Blumkin and Andreyev even left their caps at the embassy.

That same afternoon, Lenin had sent some of the few remaining forces in the city to the northeast, to try to quell the Yaroslavl uprising, which had just broken out. Only a few Latvian marksmen units, Cheka forces and some Red Guard and Army units (still in training), remained in Moscow. Lenin received the news shortly after, not knowing who had perpetrated the attack, and immediately went to the embassy to apologize for the murder and try to calm the Germans. Later that night, when going to give condolences to the embassy, Dzerzhinski indicated that the authors were socialist-revolutionary members of the Cheka. At the same time, the Foreign Commissioner, Georgy Chicherin, communicated to him the German demand to station troops in Moscow.

A few weeks later, on 30 July, the commander of German occupation forces Hermann von Eichhorn was assassinated in Kiev, by the Left SR Boris Donskoy.

First skirmishes
Dzerzhinsky personally appeared at the headquarters of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Cheka detachment and demanded the extradition of Mirbach's killers. Accompanied by three Chekists, Dzerzhinsky began to search the premises, breaking several doors. At this point, the Central Committee of the Left SRs left the Congress of Soviets, which was taking place at that time, and began a meeting at the headquarters of the Popov detachment, where Dzerzhinsky discovered it. Dzerzhinsky threatened to shoot almost the entire Left SR Central Committee, announced the arrest of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Commissars Proshyan and Karelin and demanded Popov immediately extradite Blumkin, threatening to shoot him on the spot in case of refusal. However, Dzerzhinsky himself was arrested and taken hostage by the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, to ensure the SR delegates to the Soviet congress.

The main armed force that the Socialist-Revolutionaries could make use of was the Cheka detachment under the command of Popov. This detachment consisted mostly of Finns and sailors, numbering about 800 people, and was armed with several guns and armored cars. However, Popov's detachment did not take action, and the defense of the occupied positions was reduced to sitting out in two buildings of Trekhsvyatitelsky Lane. Subsequently, in 1921, during interrogation at the Cheka, Popov claimed that: “I didn’t take part in the preparation of the alleged uprising against the state, the armed clash in Trekhsvyatitelsky Lane was an act of self-defense.”

In total, during the mutiny, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries took 27 Bolshevik functionaries hostage, including the deputy chairman of the Cheka Martin Latsis and the chairman of the Moscow City Council Pyotr Smidovich. In addition, they captured several cars, and a congress delegate Nikolai Abelman was killed. They also captured the General Post Office and began to send out anti-Bolshevik appeals. One of these appeals, declaring the Bolshevik government deposed and ordering "not to execute orders of Lenin and Sverdlov", according to the command of the Kremlin Bolshevik Pavel Dmitrievich Malkov, fell into the hands of Lenin. Another appeal stated that "... the executioner Mirbach was killed ... German spies and armed provocateurs have invaded Moscow, demanding the death of the left-wing socialist revolutionaries. Frightened by possible consequences, as before, the ruling party of the Bolsheviks are following the orders of the German executioners ... Forward, workers, workers and Red Army soldiers, to defend the working people, against all executioners, against all spies and provocative imperialism. ” By this time, the leader of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, Maria Spiridonova, who had come to the Congress of Soviets, had already been arrested by the Bolsheviks herself and also taken hostage.

Lenin thought that the whole Cheka had rebelled. According to the testimony of Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich, Lenin “did not even turn pale, but turned white” when he heard the news. Of all the units of the Moscow garrison, the Bolsheviks were able to rely only on the Latvian Riflemen — all the other units either sided with the rebels or declared their neutrality. Trotsky's order to units of the Moscow garrison to speak out against the rebels was carried out only by the Commandant Regiment and the School of Military Cadets, and the Commandant Regiment soon fled.

In the midst of events, Lenin doubted the loyalty of the commander of the Latvian Riflemen, Jukums Vācietis, and expressed his readiness to “accept his services” only by assigning four commissioners to him. During the uprising Trotsky investigated four times whether Vācietis had joined the Left Socialist Revolutionaries. At night, Lenin ordered him to gather forces to launch a counterattack. By the early morning of 7 July, the Bolsheviks had gathered enough forces, mainly Vācietis's Latvian Riflemen, to start their counterattack. At about 10:00 a.m., they set up their artillery only two hundred yards in front of the building where Popov's unit was located. After an unsuccessful negotiation attempt, the Latvians opened fire. The very first salvos hit the Left SR headquarters, after which the Left SR Central Committee left the building at once.

Lenin decided to demonstrate to the Germans that the Bolsheviks could control the Socialist Revolutionaries, despite having lost control of the local Cheka. Lenin accused the SRs of trying to overthrow the Soviet Government and charged Trotsky with crushing the rebellion who, in turn, put Ivar Smilga in command of the forces faithful to the Bolsheviks. For a while, Lenin, Sverdlov and Trotsky declared the Cheka dismissed, ousted Dzerzhinsky and put Latsis in his place, who was ordered to recruit new people to the Cheka. Trotsky ordered Latsis to arrest all the Left Socialist Revolutionaries serving in the Cheka, and declare them hostages. However, soon the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries themselves occupied the Cheka's building, arresting Latsis and freeing the Left Socialist Revolutionary Emelyanov, whom had been arrested. Also unsuccessful was Trotsky's attempt to prevent the rebels from seizing the central telegraph; the two companies of Latvian riflemen sent to them there were disarmed by the group of Left Socialist Revolutionaries led by Prosh Proshian. For a short time the Left SRs controlled the telephone exchange and telegraph office. They sent out several manifestos, bulletins, and telegrams in the name of the Left S.R. Central Committee declaring that the Left S.R.s had taken over power and that their action had been welcomed by the whole nation. A telegram from the Left SR Central Committee stating that the Left SRs had seized power in Moscow, was sent to Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov, a Left SR and Commander of the Eastern Front. On the pretext of attacking the Germans, he seized Simbirsk and tried to march his forces on Moscow in support of the left socialist revolutionaries. However, Muravyov could not convince his troops to oppose the Bolsheviks and was killed when arrested.

The leader of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries Maria Spiridonova then went to the Fifth Congress of Soviets, where she announced that "the Russian people are free from Mirbach," and, jumping onto a table, started shouting "Hey, you, listen, Earth, hey, you, listen, earth! ”. However, the Left Socialist Revolutionaries made no attempt to arrest the Bolshevik government, although they even had passes allowing them to enter the Kremlin without hindrance. In addition, the rebels did not arrest the Bolshevik delegates of the Fifth Congress of Soviets. Without attempting to seize power, they declared the Bolsheviks “agents of German imperialism” who established the regime of “commissar rule” and smeared all other socialists as “counterrevolutionaries”. Researcher Valery Evgenievich Shambarov draws attention to the passivity of military units that sided with the rebels: “The regiment of the Cheka, under the command of Popov, rebelled quite strangely. On 1 March, their forces were armed with 1,800 bayonets, 80 sabers, 4 armored cars and 8 artillery guns. The Bolsheviks in Moscow had 720 bayonets, 4 armored cars and 12 artillery guns. But instead of attacking and winning, taking advantage of surprise and an almost three-fold advantage, the regiment passively "rebelled" in the barracks ". On the same topic American historian Alexander Rabinowitch argues as follows.

"By the night of 6 July, the actions of the Left SRs, beginning with Count Mirbach's assassination, were already being defined by the Soviet government as 'an uprising against Soviet power,' and historians have often depicted the episode that way. But is this characterization valid? Having sifted through the available published and unpublished evidence, I conclude that it was not. Upon investigation, with the possible exception of Prosh Proshian's brief occupation of the Central Telegraph Office and his behavior there, which may as well have been unauthorized, all of the Moscow Left SRs' actions following Mirbach's assassination were consistent with the objective of reshaping the policies of the Leninist Sovnarkom but not with forcibly seizing power or even fighting the Bolsheviks except in self-defense."

Fighting in Moscow
Shortly after the assassination, Lenin ordered Yakov Peters to put under guard the whole Left SR faction of the Fifth Congress of Soviets (approximately 450 people). The Bolshoi Theatre, where the session of Congress took place, was surrounded by chekists and Latvian riflemen. Bolshevik delegates of Congress were allowed to leave the theater, while Left SRs were arrested inside the theater. Despite sympathy on the part of the Moscow garrison for the SRs, the Bolsheviks mustered enough forces on the morning of 7 July to storm their positions, thanks especially to the support of the Latvian Riflemen, who remained loyal to the Bolsheviks. In the Bolshoi, Maria Spiridonova and Andrei Kolegayev severely reproached Trotsky for their confinement and for the measures taken against their comrades. Trotsky responded by accusing the Socialist Revolutionaries of having risen to take power.

After a vain attempt to stop the clash, pro-Bolshevik units attacked the SRs. The first assault, scheduled for 2:00 a.m., was a failure. Being a Sunday and a public holiday – St. John the Baptist's day – the troops assigned to the assault did not show up and forced it to be carried out the next day, instead of taking advantage of the night, as originally planned. The attack finally started at noon with the use of artillery against the Cheka headquarters, which was badly damaged by the explosions. Around 2:00 p.m., the revolt had been put down and the SR leaders had fled,   abandoning Dzerzhinski in the building. Of the defenders, the assailants ended up capturing about four hundred. Aleksandrovich, captured shortly thereafter at a nearby railway station, was executed the next day, along with twelve Chekists from Popov's unit who had participated in the uprising.

Actions in Petrograd
In Petrograd, 7 July dawned warm and sunny, the streets were filled with people. The press only picked up two lines about the murder of the German ambassador in Moscow, sent before communications with the capital were cut off. The night before, the few Bolshevik leaders who had remained in the city and had not attended the Fifth Soviet Congress in Moscow received the order to prepare for an uprising of the Left SRs and they immediately formed a revolutionary military committee. They decided to disarm the main Left SR armed detachment in the city, close down their main newspaper and try to arrest the local Left SR committee. They also ordered the formation of Bolshevik troikas in the different districts of the city, these were to neutralize and disarm the socialist revolutionaries of the respective districts. The Bolshevik authorities in Petrograd knew about the murder of the German ambassador before even the local socialist revolutionaries.

Moisei Uritsky arrived in Petrograd around 15:00 on 7 July and immediately took over the leadership of the revolutionary military committee. He relieved Prosh Proshian from the regional Commissariat of Interior and accelerated the release of the Administration's socialist-revolutionary positions. Forces loyal to the Bolsheviks surrounded the offices of the socialist-revolutionaries in Smolny and closed them at 14:00, while the Socialist Revolutionary delegation of the Petrograd Soviet was arrested. Then the city's Social Revolutionary Committee, alerted to the likelihood of government actions to disarm and arrest his forces, alerted them and went underground. Ignorant of the Moscow events, local organizations were stunned by the instructions. Confused by the unexpected events, pro-socialist forces offered no resistance to disarmament and the only victims of the disarmament process were by accident, when a grenade exploded causing four deaths and fourteen injuries.

The only confrontation in the city took place at the School of Pages, where the scarce garrison, just 350–380 mercenary soldiers, most of them teenagers and without sympathy for the Left SRs, attracted to the building's guard by the better conditions than the front, defended the place. At 17:00, communications to the building were counted and they began to surround themselves, while government patrols began to walk the main avenues of the city The military committee tried unsuccessfully to achieve the surrender of the besieged. After a first unsuccessful assault, the talks between the two sides resumed, without ceasing the fighting. They attracted a crowd, curious to see what was happening in the area. At 19:00, new troops surrounded the building and brought machine guns; the main assault occurred about an hour later, using artillery and machine guns against the besieged. The shelling accelerated the defectors' defection. The fighting ended around 21:00 when the few remaining defenders hoisted a white towel from one of the windows of the building. After a surrender agreement guaranteeing the safety of the defenders, about 150 of them surrendered to the troops, who entered the building a little later.

Repression of the SRs
The Bolsheviks immediately executed thirteen SRs that were in the Cheka, without trial, while keeping the SR Congressional delegation in prison and expelling its members from the executive committee. Little by little they released the bulk of the delegates. Those who opposed the uprising were immediately released, after their weapons had been seized. Thirteen of the four hundred and fifty delegates - including Spiridonova - were transferred on the morning of 8 July from the theater to the Kremlin dungeons; ten of them were released the next day.

The Communists tried to divide the party and alienate the militants from the leadership, by having some form two separate new parties. Most of the radical leaders who had advocated accepting peace with the Central Powers ended up repudiating the uprising. Those who, instead of criticizing the actions of the party, endorsed them, were persecuted by the authorities. Despite the flight of most of the leaders, some four hundred Party members were arrested and some of them executed. Spiridonova remained in prison in the Kremlin until the end of November. She received a one-year sentence, which was commuted by her admission to a sanitarium, from which she soon escaped.

The Bolsheviks began to expel SRs from the institutions and took their offices in Petrograd on the morning of 7 July after a brief fight, despite the fact that there had been no incidents in the city. The party's two main newspapers,  Znamia trudá  and  Golos trudovogo krestianstva , were closed and did not receive permission to resume publication. On 9 July, the Soviets Congress continued its sessions, without the Left SR delegates. It condemned the uprising as an attempt by the Left SRs to take power, approved the government's actions to crush the revolt and expelled left-wing Socialist Revolutionaries who did not condemn the actions of their central committee from the Soviets. Grigory Petrovsky, Commissioner of the Interior, nevertheless ordered the expulsion of the Social Revolutionaries from all local soviets, regardless of whether or not they condemned the actions approved by the PSRI central committee. In Petrograd, Left SR representatives were expelled from the leadership of the Petrograd Soviet and from then on their influence over the organisation was nonexistent.

Mirbach's assassination was attempted, in vain, to force the Bolsheviks to resume the fight against Germany, once the impossibility of having a majority in Congress that allowed them to change the government's policy in a peaceful way was clear. Despite the government's accusation of the Left SR's attempted overthrow of the Soviet government, the Cheka's own investigation in Petrograd ended without any evidence being found and with the release of those arrested.

Much the same conclusions have also been reached by British historian Orlando Figes, who generally holds up to ridicule the Left SRs' naive tendency 'to play at revolution'. ""

Consequences
The assassination of the ambassador led to a serious but short-lived crisis between the Lenin government and the German Empire. As the Bolshevik leaders feared, on 14 July the acting ambassador demanded the sending of troops to Moscow on the pretext of protecting the embassy, which would have placed the Sovnarkom under the control of the German high command. The rejection of the German demands, however, seemed to lead to a resumption of hostilities. The start of the Second Battle of the Marne turned German attention to the Western Front and allowed the government to finally reject the German claims in exchange for assigning a thousand Red Guards to protect the embassy, who would share the task with three hundred unarmed and plainclothes German soldiers.

For his part, the Latvian colonel Jukums Vācietis, who had led the assault on the Cheka headquarters in the capital under the command of the main forces loyal to the Bolsheviks, was appointed commander of the Volga front and, later, commander-in-chief of the whole Red Army. According to Orlando Figes he was also rewarded with 10,000 roubles.

Left SR members did not immediately disappear from the institutions due to a lack of cadres, which prevented the Bolsheviks from replacing them with their own supporters. However, they became part of the persecuted opposition, even groups that distanced themselves or broke relations with their central committee did not retain their previous power in the institutions. The increasing measures of repression against the SRs culminated in the trial of the party that began on 27 November. Of the fourteen defendants, only two were present, the rest went underground. All were sentenced to short sentences, but the party was removed from power. The uprising, which ended the alliance between Bolsheviks and left-wing social revolutionaries, was a milestone in the process of forming a one-party state. The murder of the ambassador, contrary to what the socialist-revolutionary leaders expected, frustrated their plans: neither did it bring about the resumption of the conflict with Germany, nor did it cause the expected uprising of the population against it, nor did it serve to bring the left-communists closer together; furthermore, the party was not prepared for the consequences of the attack. It served primarily to facilitate Lenin's removal of political power from the rival party. Despite its strong support in the countryside, the Left SRs never recovered from the repression suffered after the Mirbach murder and disappeared as a notable political option.

The "Party of the Populists-Communists" and "Party of Revolutionary Communism" split from Left SRs and supported the Bolsheviks. The Left SRs collapsed as a party by 1922 and only existed as small cells through 1925. Mirbach's assassins, Blumkin and Andreev, managed to evade capture. In early 1919, Blumkin was pardoned by the Bolsheviks and rejoined the Cheka. During the Moscow Trials in 1937, it was claimed that Trotsky, Kamenev, and Zinoviev were involved in this plot. Yuri Felshtinsky claimed the revolt was staged by the Bolsheviks as a pretext to discredit the Left SRs. However, this was disputed by L. M. Ovrutskii and Anatolii Izrailevich Razgon.

title: Left SR uprising


text:
The Toll of the Sea

The Toll of the Sea is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Chester M. Franklin, produced by the Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation, released by Metro Pictures, and featuring Anna May Wong in her first leading role. The film was written by Frances Marion and directed by Chester M. Franklin (brother of director Sidney Franklin), with the lead roles played by Wong and Kenneth Harlan. The plot was a variation of the Madama Butterfly story, set in China instead of Japan.

The film was the second Technicolor feature (after 1917's The Gulf Between), and the first Technicolor color feature anywhere that did not require a special projector to be used for screenings.

The film premiered on November 26, 1922, at the Rialto Theatre in New York City, and went into general release on January 22, 1923.

Plot
In 1919, a young Chinese woman, Lotus Flower, sees an unconscious man floating in the water at the seashore, and quickly gets help for him. The man is Allen Carver, an American. Soon the two have fallen in love, and they get married "Chinese fashion". Carver promises to take her with him when he returns home. Chinese Gossips warn her that he will leave without her, and one states she has been forgotten by four American husbands, but Lotus Flower does not believe them. However, Carver's friends discourage him from fulfilling his promise, and he returns to the United States alone.

Lotus Flower gives birth to a son, whom she names Allen after his father. When the older Allen finally returns to China, Lotus Flower is at first overjoyed. She dresses in her elaborate Chinese bridal gown to greet him. However, he is accompanied by his American wife, Elsie. Allen has told Elsie about Lotus Flower, and it is Elsie who persuaded her husband to tell Lotus Flower the real situation. When the boy is brought to see his father, Lotus Flower pretends he is the child of her American neighbors. Later, though, she confides the truth to Elsie and asks her to take the boy to America. She tells the child that Elsie is his real mother. After Elsie takes the boy away with her, Lotus Flower says, "Oh, Sea, now that life has been emptied I come to pay my great debt to you." The sun is then shown setting over the water, and it is implied that Lotus Flower drowns herself.

Cast

 * Anna May Wong as Lotus Flower
 * Kenneth Harlan as Allen Carver
 * Beatrice Bentley as Barbara 'Elsie' Carver
 * Priscilla Moran as Little Allen (as Baby Moran)
 * Etta Lee as Gossip
 * Ming Young as Gossip

Production
Because the Technicolor camera divided the lens image into two beams to expose two film frames simultaneously through color filters, and at twice the normal frames per second, much higher lighting levels were required. All scenes of The Toll of the Sea were shot under "natural light" and outdoors, with the one "interior" scene shot in sunlight under a muslin sheet.

Reception
Variety described Wong as "extraordinarily fine" and "an exquisite crier without glycerin." The New York Times, said that she was "naturally Chinese" and succeeded in a difficult role, and that "She should be seen again and again on the screen." Photoplay referred to her "fair skin, soft-golden blond hair and youthful-looking dark brown eyes." In England, critics praised her for "practically carrying the film", and noted that her performance was delivered with "real restraint and subtlety that only a true artiste can attain."

Preservation status
Once believed to have been lost, the film was restored by the UCLA Film and Television Archive, under the supervision of Robert Gitt and Peter Comandini, from the 35mm nitrate film original camera negative in 1985. As the final two reels were missing, Gitt and Comandini used "an original two-color Technicolor camera" to shoot a sunset on a California beach, "much as the film's original closing must have looked."

Home media
The restored version is available as one of the titles included in the 4-DVD box-set Treasures from American Film Archives, 50 Preserved Films.

Google Doodle
On January 22, 2020, a Google Doodle celebrated Anna May Wong, commemorating the 97th anniversary of the day The Toll of the Sea went into general release.

title: The Toll of the Sea


text:
Jonathan Moss

Jonathan Moss may refer to:

 * Jonathan Moss (cricketer) (born 1975), Australian first-class cricketer
 * Jonathan Moss, a character in the Southern Victory series by Harry Turtledove
 * Jonathan Moss (referee) (born 1970), English football referee
 * Jonathan Moss (rower), American lightweight rower
 * Jon Moss (born 1957), drummer

title: Jonathan Moss


text:
EPoX

EPoX was a manufacturer of motherboards, video cards and communication products. They manufactured mainboards for AMD and Intel processors, which were renowned for being overclocker-friendly yet affordable. Many of their products used the same StudlyCaps naming convention as the company itself.

History

EPoX Computer Company was established in February 1995. In 1998 the company entered the communications field. EPoX has been listed since November 1999 on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. (TAIEX: 5414)

EPoX was the first mainboard producer in the industry to announce the user-friendly technology KBPO (Keyboard Power On) in 1997. Their mainboards were manufactured in Jong Ho City, Taipei, and Ning-Bo Science Based Industrial Park, China.

All branches (Taiwan, German, United States and Dutch) of EPoX closed in 2007.

EPoX's old employees started a new company in 2009 called SUPoX which is only active in China.

SUPoX supports all EPoX boards beginning from Slot 1 on their site.

title: EPoX


text:
Talk:Rocker (subculture)

Use of the term "Cafe Racer" to refer to Rockers
In the 2014 documentary Timeshift - Mods, Rockers, and Bank Holiday Mayhem at about the 12:10 mark, cultural historian Bill Osgerby says that Rockers were initially called "cafe racers." The American Dr. Hunter S. Thompson refferred to bikers as "cafe racers" in his 1995 article from The Cycler, Song of the Sausage Creature. Thompson had a history of covering bikers and was a biker himself. Also, page 11 of the 2014 book Cafe Racers: Speed, Style, and Ton-Up Culture says, "The original term cafe racer was South London derogatory slang for a young motorcyclist who tore up the highways on hot bike and hung out in roadside cafes, rather than risking himself on the racetrack. The term was soon civilized and became a badge of honor among road riders enamored of speed in 1950s-1960s England." Only later did the term apply to the modified bikes, the book seems to claim, "The table also stuck to the bikes themselves, which were already part of a 40-year tradition."

While I understand that a newspaper article or other work from the time period would help in supporting this argument, dismissing the BBC documentary as an unreliable source because it's new makes no logical sense. If we were to do that if every page, we'd have to throw out all modern encyclopedias and textbooks in our citations. Wikipedia actually prefers secondary sources, which include modern research. Besides, using only primary sources (which an article from the time could potentially be) would be in violation of No original research. Indy beetle (talk) 04:17, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
 * This is how Wikipedia is distorting the history of the world (via SEO), with editors promoting use of modern narrative corruption, and/or modern publications, relating to alleged-only events of 60-years previously, and with over-prominent emboldened text in the first few words of an entirely-different article. There are no known published UK references to evidence the Americanism 'cafe racer' was applied to UK society in the 1950s and 1960s, or used in UK primary or secondary sources prior to 1970s. It was little-known and rarely-used in American print, evidenced by the lack of citations offered up. Only the rise of internet has meant that what Wikipedia describes as WP:CIRCULAR is regularly happening, in that unregulated internet writers are copying what went before, and with hard-publication authors using keyword-searches for the same. They can write anything fictional, and you can cite it. For this reason alone, Wikipedia can NEVER be a reliable source, as was always widely acknowledged, and now the public are becoming more-distrustful. By continuing in this vein, encouragement is being offered for continuation to distort and embellish - using hyperbole - what is supposed to be an encyclopedia, with content that cannot be proven to have existed, historically. Dictionaries of modern slang are just that - street-talk, and recent-only. I have researched this for three years, including contact with the BBC - they have no provable sources, and assumed Wikipedia was correctly-written, not distorted and exggerated. I researched the 1963 American reference after a request from the BBC in 2013, and added the full-quote into the citation in this edit, 18 November 2013. This is, indeed, a PRIMARY SOURCE, and not reliable, being a mailed, subscription-only newsletter from a motorcycle club which allowed guest-writers, in this instance writing in the local American vernacular. Vague, but at least it verifies the published date, as specifically queried by the BBC (screen shots were sent by me). The BBC use primary sources - anecdotal accounts - unsubstantiated GOSSIP for entertainment-value only (in common with other video-makers) - and refused Freedom of Information (as a UK government organisation) payment declarations for on-camera interviews and other information given, under an exemption (refusal to myself by the BBC). They did name one source, someone I did not know, but has written a few books recently (not a mainstream journalist). As the BBC queried the 1963 reference directly to me, you can conclude, as I have done, that they also use Wikipedia for quickness of research (stated to have insufficient time or money to evaluate secondary sources). Article will correctly be tagged as better source needed; please do not remove this maintenance tag,, as a new editor you have already established a long list of criticisms at your talk page, and I imagine other long-standing editors will pitch-in here, probably in your support. Looking at your worklist involving historical articles, I hope now you are better-able to understand the folly of promoting - as I stated - an unreliable 2014 video (I surmise it contains no still-frame of any dated UK publication proving 'cafe racer'). Why would you want to argue that a dated publication was Primary, hence inadmissable, instead favouring an unprovable 2014 compilation to enable placement of the words in the lede in emboldened-text? What's your motivation, here? The policy is more likely to be Verifiability, not truth. If Rockers were referred to as 'cafe racers' in the 1950s and 1960s (and alleged South London slang), it should have been contemporaneously reported, at least a little or extensively, in print or Pathé News-type information film-clips. That none are available to programme-makers could be why monetary inducements for anecdotal accounts are offered? Alternatively, it all could have been suppressed, by government intervention. You choose which is more likely.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 15:33, 3 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I have now watched the video several times. The on-camera quotation from the cultural historian is as follows: "During the 1950s it was common to use terms like Ton-up Boys, Cafe Racers...the term Rocker really comes into usage in the early 1960s." Although UK is not specifically mentioned, the implication, in the context of the programme, is clear. In England, we would call that a 'throwaway remark'. I emailed the person concerned at his university, enquiring if he had any historic published sources to substantiate the claims - that it was common in the 1950s to use the term cafe Racer - and received the following reply:"Thanks for your email. I'm sorry you were upset by the documentary. I will certainly bear your comments in mind in the future. Thanks for your input. best wishes,"I am still disputing the validity and application of "Cafe racer" to British society, and as such the primary-source, made-for-entertainment, BBC video promoting unsubstantiated primary-sourced opinion should not be confused or equated with a 'text book', and should not be prominently displayed, emboldened, in the lede.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 13:03, 17 June 2016 (UTC)

Ping Indy beetle. Rocknrollmancer your comment "" Reminds me of the statement that "soccer is an americanism for football".

ngram (1950–2008)
 * — This book predate the world wide web so it is not influenced by web usage.

The use in North America is (was?) to describe what they dubed a style of motorbike customisation:
 * "and had his stock bike converted into a 'cafe racer' a European styling fad that is taking America by storm. ... cafe racing racing got its start in England in the early 1960s..." Daily News 1974
 * "Only two acceptables a) the European cafe raced and ...." The Montreal Gazzet 1979

The earliest date of a publication I found searching Google Books that mentions "Cafe racer" was "he brought his Manta Ray Corvette and a GMC pickup with a brilliant custom paint job identifying it as the 'Dragon Wagon,' built to carry a brace of his wildest, cafe-racer motorcycles." 1971 in Automobile Quarterly Volume 26, Issue 2, New York

Lichter and d'Orleans (2014) state that "The original term cafe racer was derogatory south London slang for a young motorcyclist who tore up the highways on a hot bike and hung out in roadside cafes..."

In the article café racer it is stated "" this needs a citation as it is stating a fact about usage in the 1960s. However whether or not a name for something is contemporary to the historical subject of an article is not relevent in the first sentence of an article. What is relevent is the name (or names) used in 21st century English. For example the New Model Army was not used at the time of the English Civil War or Interegnum, but it is the commnon name used in modern sources, so Wikipedia uses it, as it does for the War of the Roses and more obviously the Hundred Years War. -- PBS (talk) 01:13, 4 March 2020 (UTC)
 * As you are admin you will be well aware that WP is a purveyor of lies and falsehoods (not my words), allowed and explained under WP:TRUTH. If it's 'published', whatever that means in new media, it's good enough for WP. One editor (he of the 'lies and falsehoods') is determined to write American folklore into WP (including one of his Facebook friends), and has been trying to use very-recent Museum websites as WP:RS; they are not publishers, they can be staffed by volunteers and likely with no archives the content has been created (plagiarised) by webmasters and/or interns. Cafe Racer is American schmaltz and hype created circa 1973 by distortion of a known, underused phrase with retro-application to an earlier society, when there is no tangible evidence it was ever applied thus, contemporaneously. One editor, a law professor in American parlance, has opined, generally, that absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, and that it is not possible to prove a negative. A lot of the 'damage' to world history was done by Mike Clay, who canvassed UK periodicals in 1987 to identify willing individuals to participate, from whom interviews were obtained and then were presented as what WP considers a secondary source (his book); he claimed at the time to be a 'professional writer', but was criticised for his own partisan views regarding his background as a writer with the Ducati Owner's Club. Mike Seate has done similar with the his television show, interviewing glory-seeking individuals then presenting it as false-history (factitious false narrative). These are made-for-entertainment, not intended as the equivalent of historic text books, and the WP flawed system perpetuates the myths. A similar creation - myth and local folklore - has occurred in recent years in the far east and WP has been the unwitting vehicle to nuture and promote the fiction - see Underbone. There is no convincing historic basis in any language for this - Malay, Hokkienne (Mandarin) or pidgin English, it was created by street punks in the far east, yet an editor can retro-apply it, factitiously, to a 1958 major occurence by internal linking; now go to the date-corresponding permalink for Underbone which is entirely unreferenced. Another instance is where an American editor claimed a famous American is synonymous with his 'invention' developed between 1970-73 that I knew existed in UK during 1960s; I've now pushed the date back to 1956. This was at Talk, largely buried but it's indiscriminate, ill-informed chat that can get transferred to articles on a world platform, based on the alleged-inventor's WP:SPS website (now at Wayback). These are examples of how WP is used to distort history, passively or otherwise. I have largely quit submitting prose nowadays, only as a last resort, and the emergence of new media as a secondary source is but one reason. Something I wrote on WP was transferred to one of these sites within five days by self-confessed wannabe writers at a WP:SPS, no acknowledgement, with a copyright footer, probably. I don't have time to fight out the semantics of WP, that's what the drama boards are for. I have very important other stuff to do, otherwise I would quote from the Mike Clay pieces (in the house). He was allowed to promote his partisan, pre-existing cafe racer viewpoints by contributing as a guest author. Paul D'Orleans writes occasionally for WP and makes mistakes; I've also notified mistakes to his (former) blogsite. He has recently established a foundation claiming it to be educational, with a team of experts-in-everything available - thanks for reminding me. Lichter is a photographer. I have their book - in the quote above, D'Orleans is just repeating that which went before, with no unique knowledge. Where very-modern sources are referenced, I would prefer that WP is transparent by stating clearly "in 2014, Paul D'Orleans wrote...". I should also confirm the American magazine Car Craft (1978) described both cars and occupants therein as cafe racers. The general public cannot be universally expected to know that WP is intrinsically an unreliable source, and taht allowances should be made for inaccuracies; those who plagiarise content from WP are - quite simply - readily-enabled to disemminate the falsehoods wider. This summary is just the tip, a few elements of many. The difficulty is not just in establishing who, what, where, when but why. Lastly, I've just learned a new Americanism - haze. Thanks.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 04:19, 4 March 2020 (UTC)
 * @User:Rocknrollmancer thank you for your detailed reply however you did not address the point I raised in my last paragraph above. -- PBS (talk) 12:30, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

Adding trivial, controversial, poorly-supported sensationalism into Lead Summary
Twice now editor has introduced controversial remarks (,, the latter without an edit-summary) into the lede summary with no mentions in the body of the article. This I believe is contrary to WP:LEAD and is an example of soapboxing, trying to establish trivia and sensationalise in boldface content which is poorly-supported and is unmentioned in the prose. This editor wants me to take it to the mainspace talk page. Anyone interested can see the discussion and guidance I have tried to show at User talk:Indy beetle.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 11:50, 11 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you Rocknrollmancer for bringing the discussion here. Upon further review, I withdraw my assertion and will undo my edit. Additional research (which I will provide if you so desire) has shown that the term "wild ones" was thrown around more generally to refer to both mods and rockers collectively.

 * I don't see why Rocknrollmancer brought up my first edit, since I thought we already settled that. But I will stand by that edit, and I assert that it was not an attempt to "establish trivia and sensationalise in boldface content which is poorly-supported." I was able to provide two independent secondary sources for my assertion, and I thank Rocknrollmancer for finding a third. However, Rocknrollmancer concluded that since there was no primary source from the material from the era that used the term "cafe racers," that it would be best to put a better source needed tag on it.

 * But if we can have a single, modern source (not around from the 50's or 60's) in the lede support the the statement that "Rockers were also derisively known as Coffee Bar Cowboys," or even the thing about their Japanese equivalent, (both trivial for the opening, I would think) then we should work to seriously revise the lede.

 * In the future I will bring any substantial edits I have for this article to the talk page. Indy beetle (talk) 02:06, 12 July 2016 (UTC)

Proposed edits on rocker fashion & wear
In this BBC documentary (discussed before on this page) at the 12:25 mark, a former rocker testifies that the subculture would often wear white scarves over their faces when biking and had white seaboot socks pulled up and over the top of the shafts of their motorcycle boots. This is corroborated by footage and photographs displayed in the the film. I propose including this information in the article. Indy beetle (talk) 00:55, 13 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I've just found that fiction has been added to Engineer boot relating to a primary sources (oral comments made by a wannabe on TV, standing around laughing about their bygones) in a 2014 made-for-entertainment video film: "The boots would become heavily associated with the American greasers, British rockers, and bikers that wore them in the 1950s and 1960s...The rockers would often wear their boots with white seaboot socks rolled down over the top of the shafts". This term (Engineer boot) is mostly unknown in UK, and we have never been able to buy such on general sale, (obviously ingnoring the rare eventuality of personal imports). I am an old shoemaker. They're not called "shafts" in UK, either. I knew the term from contemporaneous articles about Angels in the 1960s. Adding spurious content to POV-push is very bad form, and only permissible under the cop-out Verifiability, not truth. Primary sources are not reliable, as they only verify the opinion of the informant on the day of recording. In this case, the interviewee does not use the term "engineer boot(s)", so it's a violation of WP:SYNTH. This fiction is how Wikipedia re-writes world history, can get copied to other unregulated internet sites, and why WP has such a bad rep amongst the general readers.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 14:41, 8 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I've corrected this problem. I've seen you've re-added the "better source needed" tags to the phrase "cafe racers" in the lead. I hoped you would've realized that I originally removed them because they were already listed once. Having one tag within the ref and one outside of it is rather redundant. Also, according to whom is there "no historical evidence that the Americanism cafe racer was ever applied contemporaneously to British society". Is that your "expert" assumption? Is this simply because you haven't found anything satisfying? Is it with this same lens of yours that you can call an interviewee in the documentary a "wannabe"? As flawed as WP:VNT can be in application, I'm sure you know why it exists. Also, could you please show some WP:Good Faith when dealing with edits you find faulted? Your patronizing attitude has kept me from working on this article (whether or not you find that a beneficial thing, it's not indicative of improving a collaborative encyclopedia). Some of your words/actions come right out of Ownership of content. You do really seem to want to help Wikipedia, but I must say my personal interactions with you have been greatly discouraging. -Indy beetle (talk) 17:27, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

Page Title
Maybe this page should form part of a more generic page titled "Rocker (Subculture)". This article should be titled "British Rockers" and be incorporated into the above mentioned page.

The "Australian Rocker" article is currently found buried under "Bodgies & Widgies". This Australian Rocker subculture, although similar & influenced by the British one, has a substantially different history, fashion & progression....and would make an interesting addition to this page. 60.240.181.62 (talk) 17:09, 1 September 2016 (UTC)

Lead image
The lead image has been tagged as when in June 2020, as there is no date indicated or suggested. As I commented above in 2016, the person to the right was born in 1949, so a reasonable guess would be circa 1969 for the image date.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 02:47, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rocker (subculture)


text:
Davide Lazzeretti

Davide Lazzaretti (6 November 1834 – 18 August 1878) was an Italian preacher.

Biography
Davide Lazzeretti was born near Arcidosso, a small town in the Province of Grosseto in the Italian region of Tuscany. Lazzaretti's early life is characterized by being the town drunk and working as a wagoner. In 1860, Lazzaretti participated in nine months of military service, working with Garibaldi in a military campaign opposing the Church State Army.

In 1868 Lazzaretti had his self-proclaimed prophetic meeting with the Virgin Mary. This led him to live the life of a hermit, modeled after the life of St Francis. He gained many adherents among the peasants aroung Monte Amiato and Monte Labbro. He began sporting a tattoo of a key, simbolizing St Peter, on his forehead. At Monte Labbro, he gathered a community of followers, about 80 families. He would disappear for weeks at a time, returning with new prophecies and visions. This continued until 1870 when Lazzaretti created three religiously oriented organizations: the Holy League, the Institute of Penitentiary Hermits and Penitents, and the Society of Christian Families. In 1873-1877 he travelled three times to France. He traveled to Rome and attempted to meet with the Pope. He postulated he would become the leader of a Divine Republic consisting of the three Latin people of Spain, France and Italy. On the 18th of August, a few days after the date he predicted the Divine Republic would start, he led a crowd of his followers, dressed in peasant garb to the town, where the local policemen shot him dead.

The David Lazzaretti Study Center in Arcidosso, located in Italy, is named after him

title: Davide Lazzeretti


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ophelia chong

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 02:22, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Ophelia chong
Non-notable person? I couldn't find any solid information on them Atratus 10:45, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a place to store your resume. -- Natalinasmpf 11:53, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. Dcarrano 15:38, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete cv cruft. --Etacar11 00:43, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable self promotion. JamesBurns 04:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:213.249.154.123

title: User talk:213.249.154.123


text:
Blum integer

In mathematics, a natural number n is a Blum integer if n = p × q is a semiprime for which p and q are distinct prime numbers congruent to 3 mod 4. That is, p and q must be of the form 4t + 3, for some integer t. Integers of this form are referred to as Blum primes. This means that the factors of a Blum integer are Gaussian primes with no imaginary part. The first few Blum integers are
 * 21, 33, 57, 69, 77, 93, 129, 133, 141, 161, 177, 201, 209, 213, 217, 237, 249, 253, 301, 309, 321, 329, 341, 381, 393, 413, 417, 437, 453, 469, 473, 489, 497, ...

The integers were named for computer scientist Manuel Blum.

Properties
Given n = p × q a Blum integer, Qn the set of all quadratic residues modulo n and coprime to n and a ∈ Qn. Then:

 * a has four square roots modulo n, exactly one of which is also in Qn
 * The unique square root of a in Qn is called the principal square root of a modulo n
 * The function f : Qn → Qn defined by f(x) = x2 mod n is a permutation. The inverse function of f is: f(x) = x((p−1)(q−1)+4)/8 mod n.
 * For every Blum integer n, −1 has a Jacobi symbol mod n of +1, although −1 is not a quadratic residue of n:
 * $$\left(\frac{-1}{n}\right)=\left(\frac{-1}{p}\right)\left(\frac{-1}{q}\right)=(-1)^2=1$$

No Blum integer is the sum of two squares.

History
Before modern factoring algorithms, such as MPQS and NFS, were developed, it was thought to be useful to select Blum integers as RSA moduli. This is no longer regarded as a useful precaution, since MPQS and NFS are able to factor Blum integers with the same ease as RSA moduli constructed from randomly selected primes.

title: Blum integer