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Talk:Malayalam calendar

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Discussion
This article is broken. The content in "derived names" really belongs in the "dates" section, while the former section itself has little discussion on why the malayalam month names are identical ( in meaning) to the names in the western zodiac chart; more information on this will also shed further light on the origins of the calendar.128.165.21.77 22:55, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

HI My dad was born on 23rd of the karkadikam month in 1946.Would u please help me to find the date in the english calender. We just dont know his birthday. My Id is varghese.k.thomas@gmail.com. Thanks VT
 * Hmm..if this site is anything reliable, then, your dad was born on the 7th of August, 1946. It was a Wednesday, and his nakshatram is Aniyzham. I've sent this to your mail too. -- thunderboltza.k.a.D e epu Joseph11:00, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

The quality of grammar on the page is pathetic. And it seems to be intent on glorifying the "St. Thomas tradition of Vaishnavism", whatever that is. I cannot edit this page since I am not an expert on the subject, but one can perhaps sense an attempt by very highly uninformed elements to paint the picture in a religious way. And they seem to be intent on inciting hatred between the Brahmins of Kerala, who I am told are practitioners of Sramana, probably the most orthodox form of Hinduism in India, and the Christians. Please keep this website free from such religious fact-beniding and malaise.

The Nestorian calendar, I'd presume, would probably have more in common with the Persian calendar than with the Malayalam calendar. Can someone who is truly an "expert" look into this?

I find flaws in this page: 1. While there is historical evidence for a community of Christians in Kerala starting 200 AD, there is no evidence for St. Thomas coming to Kerala. This is more like a myth and should not be assumed to be true in a serious article.

2. There is no historical evidence for Nambudiris in Kerala being converted to Christianity. This is also at the level of a myth.

To base a history of a calendar so fundamentally on two mythical events is not correct. Incidentally the Travancore Manual is not a reliable source for events that took place more than a 1000 years ago. It cannot be quoted as an authority. Nor can the Keralotpatti.

I think one should clearly delineate myth from history in these kind of articles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Balasath (talk • contribs) 10:13, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

days in month
can somebody please mention the no. of days in a month and days in a year for the malyalam calender.nids 10:40, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure, but I think the answer is that a month can have anywhere between 28-32 days. Anywhow, I've passed your question over to the Kerala Noticeboard. Please check there too. -- thunderboltza.k.a.D e epu Joseph11:17, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

origin
The attribution of Malyalam calender to Adi Sankaracharya is disputale. There are more than three attribution of origin of malyalam calendar. 1. To king Udaya marthanda varma who who was a rular in Kollam (hence kola Varsham) 2 According to Tharisapalli plates (892 AD) by ayyanadikal thiruvadikal to the christian merchants by the king although the dates mentioned in the plates are reigning year of the king. 3. as you cited to Adi sankara.

Of these the 2nd one has more histriographical evidence.

In his book (veNadiNTe pariNAmam) K Sivankaran Pillai,DC books, 2005 pp 28-29 has mentioned about existance various theories about the origin of M.E. But he gives the most importance to the 2nd one above. The Nestorian's fled from the Islamic conquests and chose korukeNikollam( a Famous trade centre as a refuge. They established a church,colony and invited a bishop/matron from persia. This was during 824-825 and they stated a new era. They called year kollam thondriya aanT(somebody please translate)!!! . Since they were aginst the roman church they were against Anno Domina or the Islamic era they had go for calender of their own. Nestorians were merchants when trade flourished their dates started to be used widely. The problem was the difficulty in accepting that christians started the era and various interpreations flourished Even the Kerala Government quotes Herman Gundert ("according to Herman Gundert") without any references that it was durng the time of udaya marthaNTa vaRma a shiva temple was built and during its consecration( which was the start of harvest season(chingam) the era was started. And most of them refer to this Gundert Quote. activevoid (talk) 08:01, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

I am a little confused by this line : It was 3926 years into the Kali Yuga in 824 AD. Kaliyuga began in 3102 BC. I might have got the math wrong but I get the year 3926 as AD 822-823. Tintin (talk) 09:16, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * We do not have a clear Idea when the era started Exactly. Most them agree that it started somewhere in 824 - 825 AD. And for calculation we take it as 825 AD. I just quoted it as is was given by the site from the travancore state manual. So Mr velu pillai might have had erred by few years. I just want to quote the that it was kali abda. activevoid203.200.35.8 15:37, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Also Please see the section "Other year zero traditions" in 1st millennium which clarify why its 3926 in It was 3926 years into the Kali Yuga in 824 AD and not any Other date....activevoid (talk) 13:55, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

The first month
The first month in Malayalam (Kollam) Calendar is not Medam (മേടം), but Chingam (ചിങ്ങം). The astrological and astronomical zodiac cycle starts at Medam, but Malayalam Calendar starts on Chingam 1, which occurs in mid-August. Umesh (talk) 17:28, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Regarding - Comparative table showing corresponding months of other calendars
The tables show each malayalam month mapping onto two months in a number of calenders, including the Hijra Era.

I do not think it is possible to associate a Malayalam month with two constant months in the Hijra Era, as the Hijra calender is not expected to remain in synchrony with the seasons; or in synchrony with other calenders which preserve their relationship to the seasons.

The H.E. has 354 days which causes it to shift by 11 days a year with respect to the solstices and to calenders which preserve a constant date for the solstices or equinoxes.

In the table, the current malayalam month does not actually match the given Hijra months for Medam 1183 (or May-June 2008), as given in a Government Calender I have.

I suggest that the column for the Hijra Month be amended - to specify the year we are talking about,; or that column be deleted entirely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.68.67.64 (talk) 21:13, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * This is correct. I deleted the Hijra year column. Umesh (talk) 04:05, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

Names of the Months in the Calender
It appears to me that there is some relation ship between the names of the months and the signs of the zodiac. For example, Chingam is followed by Kanni, just as Leo is followed by Virgo. the same seems to be true for the rest of the months.

Considering that the signs of the zodiac is also followed in europe, is this some sort of weird ancient cultural contact ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.68.67.64 (talk) 21:19, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Evaluation of existing Herman Moll section and lead-in
This article appears to have been embellished with a lot of peripheral material around September 11, 2009 to September 15, 2009 and under the current heading Herman Moll, the noted cartographer. On several occasions, other editors have attempted to delete this material only to have it reverted apparently by the anonymous editor who entered it. I don't see the relevance of this material and prefer the lead-in existing prior to September 11th. I would advise reverting back to that version. However, this should be discussed before doing so--please do so here. Pinethicket (talk) 11:00, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

I think the section title should be changed to something else since there doesn't seem to be anything related to Herman Moll there. User: Sasi 23:19, 15 December 2009 IST —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.68.80.44 (talk)

Removed content from the article
I removed the following portion from the very beginning of the article, since this article is about malayalam calendar.

Kerala is first mentioned (as Keralaputra) in a 3rd-century-BC rock inscription left by the Mauryan emperor Asoka the Great. According to the first century annals of Pliny the Elder and the author of Periplus of the Erythraean sea,Tarsish and Muziris in Kerala could be reached in 14 days' time from the Red sea ports in Egyptian coast purely depending on the South West Monsoon winds. The Sangam works Puranaooru and Akananooru have many lines which speak of the Roman vessels and the Roman gold that used to come to the Kerala ports of the great Aryan kings in search of pepper and other spices, which had enormous demand in the West.

Background
Since at least the first millennium BC, pepper was regarded as an ultimate luxury, inessential to survival yet highly desired for ritual, medicinal and culinary purposes. The origins of this desire stretch back to ancient Egypt, with the great pharaoh Ramses II being the first known consumer, albeit posthumously: peppercorns were found in the nostrils of his mummified corpse. In ancient Greece, pepper was used medicinally and the Chinese have used it in their cooking since at least the fourth century. The Romans' conquest of Egypt gave them regular access to pepper, and it became a symbol of luxurious cookery. It was traded ounce for ounce with precious metals: When Rome was besieged in the fifth century, the city allegedly paid its ransom in peppercorns, and the spice remained an accepted form of "currency" throughout the Middle Ages. Mediterranean merchants seeking Indian and Chinese goods had been forced to seek their spices and silk through Arab and Persian middlemen at Kerala ports who monopolized the Arabian sea trade. Rome-India Sea Route rivaled Silk Road. Nautical archaeologists in Quseir will be working in partnership with the archaeology department at Southampton University. Prof David Peacock, a Roman archaeologist there, is leading the onshore excavation efforts at Quseir where he has found traces of Roman and Greek occupation in the form of huge clay pots once filled with wine and olive oil Spices, gems and other exotic cargo excavated from an ancient port on Egypt's Red Sea show that the sea trade 3,000 years ago between the Roman Empire and Kerala shores was more extensive than previously thought and even rivaled the legendary Silk Road, archaeologists say. "We talk today about globalism as if it were the latest thing, but trade was going on in antiquity at a scale and scope that is truly impressive," the co-director of the dig, Willeke Wendrich of the University of California at Los Angeles.

Wend rich and Steven Sidebotham of the University of Delaware report their findings in the issue of the journal Sahara. Historians have long known that Egypt and India (Keralaputra) traded sea during the Roman era, in part because of texts detailing the commercial exchange of luxury goods, including fabrics, spices and wine.

Now, archaeologists who have spent the last nine years excavating the town of Berenike say they have recovered artifacts that are the best physical evidence yet of the extent of sea trade between the Roman Empire and India. Among their finds at the Egypt's Red Sea Ports of Bernice & Quseir included more than 16 pounds (7 kilograms) of black peppercorns, the largest stash of the prized Indian spice ever recovered from a Roman archaeological site. Bernice lies at what was the southeastern extreme of the Roman Empire and probably functioned as a transfer port for goods shipped through the Red Sea. Trade activity at the port peaked twice, in the first millennium BC century and again around 500, before it ceased altogether, possibly after a plague or some other adverse conditions for Trade in Kerala where pepper and other prized spices were sourced.

Ships would sail between Muzris and Tarshish (korke-ni-kollam) in Kerala and Berenice in the Red sea ports during the summer, when monsoon winds were strongest. From Berenice, camel caravans probably carried the goods 240 miles (386 kilometers) west to the Nile, where they were shipped by boat to the Mediterranean port of Alexandria. From there, they could have moved by ship through the rest of the Roman world.

Dubious statements
There are dubious statements in the article.

Tarissapalli copper plates of 825 AD to Assyrian Monk Mar Abo which introduced Syrian liturgy among vaishnavite Nambuthiri Christians of chera Kingdom

This entire statement has no citation

 * 1) Who is the Assyrian monk Mar Abo. No citation, no wiki page.
 * 2) Vaishnavite Nambuthiri Christians. No citation. Dubious?

The statement needs to be removed if verifiable and reliable citations are not available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aerohari (talk • contribs) 01:58, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
 * There is already a wikipedia article on Mar Sabor, aka Mar Abo, and Tharisapalli plates. Reinstating the statements with references. Achayan (talk) 08:26, 11 May 2016 (UTC)

IP Content
Content added @ 15:22, 28 October 2014 by 78.100.53.66

According to Tharisapalli plates (892 AD) by ayyanadikal thiruvadikal to the christian merchants by the king although the dates mentioned in the plates are reigning year of the king. 3. as you cited to Adi sankara.

Of these the 2nd one has more histriographical evidence.

In his book (veNadiNTe pariNAmam) K Sivankaran Pillai,DC books, 2005 pp 28–29 has mentioned about existance various theories about the origin of M.E. But he gives the most importance to the 2nd one above. The Nestorian's fled from the Islamic conquests and chose korukeNikollam( a Famous trade centre as a refuge. They established a church,colony and invited a bishop/matron from persia. This was during 824-825 and they stated a new era. They called year kollam thondriya aanT(somebody please translate)!!! . Since they were aginst the roman church they were against Anno Domina or the Islamic era they had go for calender of their own. Nestorians were merchants when trade flourished their dates started to be used widely. The problem was the difficulty in accepting that christians started the era and various interpreations flourished Even the Kerala Government quotes Herman Gundert ("according to Herman Gundert") without any references that it was durng the time of udaya marthaNTa vaRma a shiva temple was built and during its consecration( which was the start of harvest season(chingam) the era was started. And most of them refer to this Gundert Quote

Since the content doesn't make encyclopedic sense, I'm moving it here. Once some one understands what he tries to say, please add it back to the History with some reference. This seemed more of a comment rather than the actual article content.--Manuspanicker (talk) 05:09, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 27 May 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved. EdJohnston (talk) 02:03, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

Kollam Era → Kollam era – The page was recently moved from Malayalam calendar to Kollam Era. It should be Kollam era per naming conventions. See other similar articles like Seleucid era and Spanish era. --Relisted. George Ho (talk) 19:20, 3 June 2015 (UTC) Malayala Sahityam (talk) 16:22, 27 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Support per naming conventions. ONR (talk) 21:01, 6 June 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Requested move 15 January 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. Unopposed for over a week and restoring a long-standing title. Jenks24 (talk) 05:19, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

Kollam era → Malayalam calendar – See Article titles. This page should be titled in its English language title. The page for long existed under this target name, but was moved recently. See articles of other Hindu calendars - Punjabi calendar, Tamil calendar, Tulu calendar, Bengali calendar etc. Snowcream (talk) 13:35, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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User talk:Dave Cote

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Kettle corn

Kettle corn is a sweet-and-savory variety of popcorn that is typically mixed or seasoned with a light-colored refined sugar, salt, and oil. It was traditionally made in cast iron kettles, hence the name, but in modern times other types of pots and pans are used.

History in the United States
Kettle corn was introduced to the United States in the 18th century. It is referenced in the diaries of Dutch settlers in Pennsylvania circa 1776.

It was a treat sold at fairs or consumed at other festive occasions. The corn, oil, sugar, and salt are cooked together in a cast-iron kettle, or possibly a Dutch oven. This produces a noticeable sweet crust on the popcorn; however, this method requires constant stirring or the sugar will burn. Alternatively, a batch of plain popped corn can be sweetened with sugar or honey before adding salt. This combination was widely popular in the early 19th century but fell from wide usage during the 20th century.

In the early 21st century, kettle corn made a comeback in America, especially at 19th-century living history events. It is cooked and sold at fairs and flea markets throughout the United States, especially art and craft shows. Although modern kettle corn is commonly cooked in stainless steel or copper kettles because of their lighter weight, cast iron cauldrons are still used to publicly cook the corn and mix the ingredients to retain the original flavor. Recipes for homemade kettle corn are available, and microwave popcorn versions are sold.

Flavored kettle corn comes in flavors such as "garlic-maple-pepper", jalapeño, and maple.

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Zoodio

"Zoodio", also spelled zoodeo, zudio, or zudie-o, is an African-American street song and game. Also a song sung by thousands of schools for its fun lyrics and diverse origins.

The lyrics are generally a variation of the following:
 * Here we go Zoodio, Zoodio, Zoodio
 * Here we go Zoodio,
 * All night long.

 * Step back, Sally, Sally, Sally
 * Step back, Sally
 * All night long.

 * To the front to the back to the s-s-side, to the s-s-side
 * To the front to the back to the s-s-side

 * I looked out my window and what did I see
 * I saw a big fat man from Tennessee
 * I bet you five dollars I can beat that man
 * I bet you five dollars I can beat that man

 * To the front to the back to the s-s-side, to the s-s-side
 * To the front to the back to the s-s-side

 * Walkin' through the alley, alley, alley
 * Walkin' through the alley
 * All night long.

title: Zoodio


text:
User talk:FTota

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Club logos deletion
Why are you doing this? Isn't it fair use? (Template:logo) FTota 13:10, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * See WP:FUC. It's not allowed when used as decoration. They should only be used to illustrate the club article. ed g2s • talk 15:01, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Project
Hi FTota. I'm considering a project related to the upcoming 2006 FIFA World Cup. In a system similar to the country-specific articles created for the Olympics, I'm considering the creation of an article titled Brazil at the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Even though the competition has not yet started, I was thinking that work could already start: we can list the results for the South American Qualifying stage, as well as any matches played in preparation specifically for the World Cup, Tivia facts, etc. Once Parreira drafts the team, we can list it there, plus all the detailed work to be done as the competition progresses. I'll be contacting other Brazilian users who might be interested in joining this effort as well. Maybe this will even encourage others to do a similar job for other countries (I'm not aware that any such project is underway currently). Redux 19:46, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Juventus sp.gif
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Fair use rationale for Image:Sao_Paulo_(Soccer)_Shield.gif
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hi
Hi. I found you in categories of users who can contribute in English and Portuguese. I myself am a native speaker of English, but I'm well on my way to learning Portuguese. Just check out my user page and talk page, and join in any of the discussions. To keep updated, you can even put a watch on my user page, which will automatically watch my talk page. :-) learnportuguese (talk) 17:30, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Tota
Caro Tota, quero que você registre uma "gif" dos escudos dos clubes em inglês para o São Carlos Futebol Clube e do São Carlos Clube. Te peço porque não sei e nem imagino como fazer isso.

http://www.saocarlosfc.com.br

http://www.saocarlosclube.com.br

Braz Leme 17:28, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello FTota! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 22:31, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Guido Mantega -
 * 2) Paulo Autuori -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:FTota


text:
Montezuma's Revenge (video game)

Montezuma's Revenge is a platform game for the Atari 8-bit computers, Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Apple II, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, IBM PC (as a self-booting disk), and ZX Spectrum (as Panama Joe). It was designed and programmed by Robert Jaeger and published by Parker Brothers in 1984. The game's title references a colloquial expression for diarrhea contracted while visiting Mexico.

In 1988, a port was published for the Master System, which retains the basic gameplay and level structure, but with improved graphics, sound, and additional features.

Gameplay
Montezuma's Revenge is an early example of the Metroidvania genre. The player controls a character called Panama Joe (a.k.a. Pedro), moving him from room to room in the labyrinthine underground pyramid of the 16th century Aztec temple of emperor Montezuma II, filled with enemies, obstacles, traps, and dangers. The objective is to score points by gathering jewels and killing enemies along the way. Panama Joe must find keys to open doors, collect and use equipment such as torches, swords, amulets, etc., and avoid or defeat the challenges in his path. Obstacles are laser gates, conveyor belts, disappearing floors and fire pits.

Movement is achieved by jumping, running, sliding down poles, and climbing chains and ladders. Enemies are skulls, snakes, and spiders. The player has a limited number of inventory slots for carrying items, and cannot collect any other items or jewels if all slots are filled. A further complication arises in the bottom-most floors of each pyramid, which must be played in total darkness unless a torch is found.

The pyramid is nine floors deep, not counting the topmost entry room that the player drops into at the start of each level, and has 99 rooms to explore. The goal is to reach the Treasure Chamber, whose entrance is in the center room of the lowest level. After jumping in here, the player has a short time to jump from one chain to another and pick up as many jewels as possible. However, jumping onto a fireman's pole will immediately take the player to the next level; when time runs out, the player is automatically thrown onto the pole.

There are nine difficulty levels in all. Though the basic layout of the pyramid remains the same from one level to the next, small changes in details force the player to rethink strategy. These changes include:

 * Blocking or opening up certain paths (by adding/removing walls or ladders)
 * Adding enemies and obstacles
 * Rearrangement of items
 * More dark rooms and fewer torches (in level 9, the entire pyramid is dark)
 * Enemies that do not disappear after they kill Panama Joe (starting with level 5)

The player can reach only the left half of the pyramid in level 1, and only the right half in level 2. Starting with level 3, the entire pyramid is open for exploration.

The sound track of the game for the Atari 8 bit computer is a musical adaptation of Spanish Flea and the first few notes of La Cucaracha when collecting items.

Development
Robert Jaeger had previously written Chomper (a Pac-Man clone) and Pinhead (a Kick Man clone). In 1983, Jaeger's friend Mark Sunshine suggested Jaeger make a game with a Meso-American theme and call it Montezuma's Revenge. Jaeger, who was only 16 at the time, exhibited the still-unfinished game with his father at a consumer electronics convention. Parker Brothers officials expressed interest and quickly convinced Jaeger to sign the rights over to them. On the title screen of the shipping game, Mark Sunshine is credited for the concept.

The original game that Jaeger developed for the Atari 800 required 48K of memory. Parker Brothers wanted to release the game on cartridge, so they trimmed it down to fit in 16K. One feature removed from the disk version was an unfinished boss fight with a gigantic King Montezuma who can stomp the player character to death.

Parker Brothers released versions for the ColecoVision, Atari 2600, and Atari 5200 consoles, and for the Apple II, Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari 8-bit computers. To reduce costs, Parker Brothers released the Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit versions on disk instead of cartridge. In the UK and Ireland it was also released on cassette tape for the Atari and Commodore 64. The C64 and Atari versions came on a single flippy disk–likewise for the IBM PC and Apple II versions.

The IBM PC port uses a CPU-based speed loop and is too fast to be playable on 286 and up machines. A cassette tape version was developed separately in the UK for the Sinclair Spectrum. The Atari 2600 cartridge is 8K and has half the levels of the other versions.

Reception
From contemporary reviews, The Video Game Update described the game as "exciting and frustrating", explaining that "There's nothing more endearing to a dedicated game player than the challenge of beating a seemingly impossible situation, of finding just one more chamber, or of discovering the perfect combination of moves to reach a formerly unreachable object. Montezuma's Revenge provides just this kind of challenge."

Computer and Video Games rated the ColecoVision version 87% in 1989.

The games sold over 600,000 copies by 1997.

Legacy
In 1998 a 3D first-person game was developed for Microsoft Windows by Utopia Technologies called Montezuma's Return! A 2D version for the Game Boy and Game Boy Color was developed by Tarantula Studios.

An enhanced version of Montezuma's Revenge was released for iOS and Android.

Atari 2600 games were used as challenges for Artificial intelligence researchers. In 2013, progress was made on general algorithms which could learn to play multiple games, but they failed on Montezuma's Revenge and Pitfall!. In 2018, researchers from OpenAI made progress on Montezuma's Revenge. Later in the year Uber developed Go-Explore, a new approach to reinforcement learning, which could easily handle both of these games.

A remake titled Montezuma’s Revenge 40th Anniversary Edition is currently in development. Robert Jaeger is involved with the production. A previously unreleased Director's Cut version of the original game is planned to be included with the remake.

title: Montezuma's Revenge (video game)


text:
Inuyasha: Feudal Combat

Inuyasha: Feudal Combat (犬夜叉 奥義乱舞) is a 3D computer graphics fighting game for the PlayStation 2 based on the Inuyasha manga and anime series.

Bandai planned to release this video game on August 16, 2005 in North America, but it was postponed to August 23 due to the Miyagi earthquake. It was released in Japan on June 16, 2005.

Bandai also planned to release this game on Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable but it was cancelled.

Characters
Here is a list of playable characters, characters in italics have to be unlocked throughout story mode.

 * Inuyasha
 * Kagome Higurashi
 * Miroku
 * Sango
 * Shippo
 * Sesshomaru
 * Kagura
 * Koga
 * Kikyo
 * Kohaku
 * Naraku
 * Demon Inuyasha
 * Human Inuyasha
 * Bankotsu

Gameplay
In Inuyasha: Feudal Combat, up to four characters, two per team, may be present at once in a battle, however, two player characters cannot be on the same team. (IE: Player 1 as main fighter; Player 2 as their partner) Both the player and opponent may each select another character as their partner. There are four modes of gameplay, including Story, Mission, Battle, and Practice modes.

When the Spirit Gauge is full, a special Finishing Move can be performed. Each character's basic Finishing Move can be activated by pressing and holding the circle button. But when a character is fighting alongside a partner and the duo reaches Great affinity, pressing circle will trigger a combined Finishing Move, a combined team attack between the two characters. Certain player/partner combinations will have their own special finishing move together. Those combinations are:

 * Inuyasha/Sesshomaru
 * Inuyasha/Kikyo
 * Inuyasha/Kagome
 * Kikyo/Kagome
 * Sango/Miroku

Four different formations (the different ways the player's partner can assist the player) can be selected during the battle: Wind formation (partner mimics the actions of the player), Forest formation (the player and the partner are always targeted on different opponents), Mountain formation (partner stays between the player and opponent and blocks enemy attacks) or Fire formation (both player and partner focus on the same opponent and attack continuously). The Fire and Mountain formations also increase the strength and defense of the player and partner, respectively.

Affinity will have an effect on what the characters say to each other.

 * Bad Affinity - Not very good at all.
 * Normal Affinity - How they would normally treat each other.
 * Good Affinity - Pretty well.
 * Great Affinity - Good enough to pull off the Combined Finishing Move.

Also, some characters will have a certain affinity from the start. For example, Inuyasha and Koga will have a low affinity, however, Inuyasha and Kagome will have a high affinity.

Story mode
In Story Mode, the player must choose to follow first Inuyasha's, then Sango and Miroku, then Sesshomaru's, and finally Shippo's "Chapter". These consist of a series of battles interlaced with cut scenes illustrating a story. If the player is KO'd (knocked out) in one of these battles, a screen with the option to reattempt the last battle is available. If each of these stories is completed without the player getting KO'd even once, then a new character can be selected in "Battle", "Practice", and "Mission" modes as the player/partner. Those characters are:

 * Inuyasha's chapter - Naraku
 * Sango/Miroku's Chapter - Bankotsu
 * Shippo's Chapter - Human Inuyasha
 * Sesshomaru's Chapter - Demon Inuyasha

Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

title: Inuyasha: Feudal Combat


text:
Talk:Types of business entity

Norway, people!
Norway: SA needs to be added (cooperatives) Also the definition of BA is somewhat faulty. In a general partnership with shared liability (DA), the partners jointly are personally liable for the enterprise's total liabilities, but each partner is only liable in proportion to his or her ownership interest in the partnership. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.202.48.157 (talk) 08:54, 27 January 2014 (UTC)

Well... Since this page is on EnWiki, perhaps it would be useful to give an approximate English equivalent of a type of corporate, or a translation of its name. I know that "Wikipedia is not Wiktionary (a dictionary)", but given only a Spanish name like "Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada" I have no idea what the abbriviation actually stands for. (Well, in this case I do have, but just because a similar French type is very close to it. :-)

i got a quite complete list of international types of corporations, maybe i can upload it sometime and this article could be made complete [anonymous]

Seconded. Following each unabbreviated original-language phrase, like "Aktieselskab", is needed a parenthetical ("literally ??"); these words are not found in ordinary dictionaries, or they are translated as the equivalent types, not the literal.71.191.171.250 (talk) 23:33, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

Mexico
The information about Mexico is not only incomplete, but wrong, S.C. does not mean "Comandita Simple" but Civil Society (a legal entity in Mexico). Please use the information here from the College of Notaries to correct it. http://www.colegiodenotarios.org.mx/?a=1324

Limited Corporation
Does anybody know if "Limited Corporation" is a legal business status in the United States. If so, what is its abbreviation, and how does it differ from a Corporation (Inc.) and Limited Liability Company (LLC)?

-Brian in Wilton, CT

World-wide type of company
Just wondering, when companies expand multi-nationally, is there a particular symbol/corporation mark that is used? If so, should this be put into the wiki? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by MonsieurAquilone (talk • contribs) 08:32, 18 December 2006 (UTC).

Canada
I'm surprised Canada is not on the list of countries. I'm curious how they operate there. Do the provinces control them? Are things different in Quebec? etc. Do they follow other British Commonwealth practice such as that of Australia? --Larry G 08:54, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Depending on whether you want to operate in one province or across Canada you can choose to incorporate provincially or federally. There are indeed differing methods and rules concerning corporations from province to province. Even if you don't incorporate federally, you can expand your scope of operation into other provinces using extra-provincial incorporation. I am pretty sure in BC you are required to have at minimum a secretary and a president. I agree it would be nice to see more Canadian methods of operation here. Bzzhuh 18:48, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

merge with types of companies
certainly not. Hmains 04:09, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

No. They should be kept separate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.145.157.132 (talk) 10:31, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know diddly about the difference between companies/corporations/etc., but I'll take you guys' word for it. I have removed the merge tag. jwillbur 00:51, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

The source of the confusion here is that in some countries (eg the US) "corporation" is a type of "company" (a more broadly defined business entity which includes partnerships), whereas in other countries (eg the UK) a "company" is a type (the main type) of "corporation" and does not (in normal usage) include a partnership. So the distinction is meaningless to some and important to others. There is no easy solution to this other than to merge the two articles and call it "Types of business entity". But you would then have to decide whether and how you classified them. E.g some corporations (e.g. an Unlimited Company) do not have limited liability, some business entities are not legal persons (e.g. partnerships in England but not in Scotland), some corporations do not have shareholders, etc. Mhockey (talk) 12:49, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The fact that this confusion exists is surely an excellent reason to abandon the separate "Types of companies" and "Types of corporations" lists, and to make a single list or table, entitled (as you suggest) "Types of business entity". Has there been a discussion on a merge proposal somewhere else? I deduce from the above posts that there was a proposal but it was withdrawn. In any case, both articles (particularly the companies one) are in sore need of work.--Kotniski (talk) 16:57, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Please Separate Articles Again !
Ladies and Gentlemen, PLEASE :

return the original SEPARATE page for "types of corporations": CHANGE ITS TITLE if you want (eg to "alphabetical list of company abbreviations" or something), and have a link between the two articles at the very beginning of each...BUT: PLEASE return the old one as it was, for two very simple reasons:

1. it makes it HUGELY simpler to compare and contrast similar company abbreviations between countries;

2. it was a useful Alphabetical list presented IN A WIKITABLE SORTABLE which could, IN ANY CASE, be re-arranged by country anyway - thus actually making THAT article much more useful than THIS one...

It's true - it was somewhat confusing to have two separate tables in that one, but this could be easily solved by making one table and simply adding an extra column in which the business entity is specified as a "company", "corporation", "sole trader" or whatever.

I've known both articles for several months now and had both in my internet favorites for easy reference to aid me with further research (i'm a translator, by the way, often translating business and politics articles), and used to find the OTHER (table-based) article MUCH more useful than this one - as, I am sure, many other people also did - as it was clear and to the point. And, as i said above, covered the same topic this one does through the fact that the table could easily be sorted by country.

(FURTHERMORE - I feel it had more direct links to articles on the various company types, which have not been completely transferred to this one).

So, again...PLEASE return the old one ALSO. (the IT system at the agency i work at does not allow us to enter registration pages on the net, hence why i am not a registered user).

At the VERY least...please make THIS article some sort of Wikitable-Sortable, for comparison purposes...

I eagerly await a decision on the matter

Thank You62.176.111.68 (talk) 08:59, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, no harm in resurrecting the old table which used to be at Types of companies, if you find it useful. You'll find it in that page's edit history. But it had much less information in it than this one, and probably won't be developed (at least, we don't want the maintaining/developing effort to be split between two pages, and this one is now in a far better state than that one was), so I wouldn't want it to be at a place which had too many links going to it. So not at types of companies, but something that doesn't exist yet, like List of business abbreviations or whatever, with just the one link from this page.--Kotniski (talk) 16:14, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

excellent suggestion about the "list of business abbreviations", i'm all for that, thanks. that would be cool - simply have one link to that page from this one and nothing else, and keep THIS page as the main page everything else links to (and obviously, have a note on the other one saying main article: types of business entity).

could you please send me - or post here - a more precise link to the ORIGINAL history page that you mention, however, since the "history" of it seems to automatically go to the history of the CURRENT page (kinda like in Back to the Future II ! :-) ). I just can't seem to find it...

Thanks, Nic

ps. could You resurrect it tho, please, or ask someone who is interested in doing so, since, as i said, i can't register on Wiki and do it myself... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.176.111.68 (talk) 19:48, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've resurrected it onto (a subpage of) your IP-numbered talk page.--Kotniski (talk) 09:17, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Proposed treatment
To try and tidy up this and the Types of companies page, I would suggest the following (per above):

 * Merge the two into a new page called (something like) Types of business entity

 * Format the new page as a list, by country (i.e. like this page is as present, not as a table like on the "companies" page)

 * Tidy up the entries, removing vague or incomprehensible information, preferring simply to indicate rough equivalence to referenced entities, something like this for the first two countries:

Albania

 * Sh.A., Sh.a. (Shoqëri Anonime): ≈ PLC (UK)
 * Sh.p.K., Sh.p.k. (Shoqëri me Përgjegjësi të Kufizuar): ≈ Ltd. (UK)

Argentina

 * S.A. (Sociedad Anónima): ≈ PLC (UK)
 * S.R.L. (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada): ≈ Ltd. (UK)
 * Sociedad en Comandita: ≈ limited partnership

Of course, those countries which have more specific information will stay looking much as they do now.

I think this is necessary, since much of this list at present is hard to understand or even misleading. And there seems to be no reason to keep corporations and companies in separate lists, since even now the distinction is not being respected (and would be meaningless anyway for most countries). The tabular form (which allows sorting by abbreviation or by country) might seem a neat idea, but in practice I can't imagine anyone wanting to browse these other than by country, and to me the list looks tidier and more flexible than the table.--Kotniski (talk) 18:19, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Turkey

 * Another missing country to add - this page lacks adequate detail http://www.asistanbul.net/en/business_guide_turkey - hope someone can add better source. thanks.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.127.253.13 (talk) 19:59, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I have started tidying the entries as illustrated above; down to Germany so far.--Kotniski (talk) 11:50, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Last call for any opposition to the move to Types of business entity - if no objections are forthcoming, I'm going to move it.--Kotniski (talk) 18:47, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

- Doesn't Netherlands have this: Comm.VA (Commanditaire Vennootschap op Aandelen)/SCA (Société en Commandite par Actions): limited partnership with shares? 62.65.236.175 (talk) 05:33, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Kenya
Why is Kenya missing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.85.72.242 (talk) 05:07, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Switzerland
Why is Switzerland missing!? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.244.197.164 (talk) 09:40, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

Because someone (like yourself) has not gotten around to it. Remember, this is a volunteer effort. --77.57.164.254 (talk) 10:44, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

Need to add novel Maryland Benefit Corp type
Maryland First State in Union to Pass Benefit Corporation Legislation Posted: Apr 14, 2010 – 10:57 AM EST http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/29332-Maryland-First-State-in-Union-to-Pass-Benefit-Corporation-Legislation 71.178.221.220 (talk) 02:43, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

Italy
I've found "Surl" as type of business entity in Italy: http://it.kompass.com/profile_IT0003900_it/cavalleri-surl-gi.html --BuSchu (talk) 14:04, 15 July 2011 (UTC)
 * it's worng, the correct version is Srl (Società a responsabilità limitata) LAUD (talk) 16:36, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

There is another wrong point: "S.s. (Società semplice): ≈ sole trader (UK), sole proprietorship (US)". well, the S.s. is not similar to a sole trader, is a partnership (società = partnership) but is more like a general partnership. the difference between the S.s and the S.n.c. is that the S.n.c. is focused on commercial partnerships, while the S.s. is focused on agricolture (see: http://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Codice_civile) LAUD (talk) 16:36, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

Move from "types of business entity" to "business entity"
Please be aware that this move can easily be reversed by an administrator. This was one of those times where the proper name appeared to be so obvious, at least to me, that I simply changed it rather than going through the official moving process. If people disagree with the move, I can move it back if you holler on my talk page or you could get another administrator to do it. You could also go through the formal moving process at Requested moves. Previously, the term "business entity" simply redirected to the business article. Since an article on business entities would discuss the different types of business entities, it seemed appropriate to simply rename the article. Now, if you want to move the article back to its old name, have a separate article on business entities, have "business entity" redirect to the "business" article again or have it redirect to the old name of this article, please let me know. Please use my talk page, as I will not be watching this page. Also, I hope that it is not a problem, but I did not fix all of the double redirects. Almost none of them have articles linked to them. Instead, the other articles linked directly to the article. I was just going to wait for the bot that is promised on the "move succeeded" page to fix them. -- Kjkolb (talk) 04:43, 7 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with this move. The article will need a few sentences added to the lede indicating what exactly a "business entity" is. bd2412  T 11:52, 7 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Business entity should never have redirected to business but to the same target as legal entity, which is Legal personality. I have made that change and moved this list back to Types of business entity. – Fayenatic  L ondon 14:42, 19 December 2012 (UTC)
 * But several of the entities listed here have no legal personality! Everybody got to be somewhere! (talk) 22:50, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

Pronounciation (IPA)
Someone reverted my attempt on making the IPA correct with the comment that the intent here is only to help English speakers in business contexts simply approximate the pronunciation. My question is: Why use IPA at all when not doing it right? If someone wants to learn the correct pronunciation, they can look up the IPA characters. If they don't, they can just pronounce it in English and most Germans will understand anyway. --DerPaul (talk) 08:59, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

muskan
muskan 110.224.34.78 (talk) 09:19, 18 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Types of business entity


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C team

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:20, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

C team
Vanity, orphaned, not notable DR31 (talk) 18:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Google lists only two matches for the team and league name together. nn as far as I can tell. -Harmil 19:21, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Forbsey 20:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete a former football team. how very not notable.  Friday 21:10, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability for a now defunct team not established. JamesBurns 02:55, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C team


text: User talk:24.123.103.21

title: User talk:24.123.103.21


text:
Accommodation

Accommodation may refer to:

 * A dwelling
 * A place for temporary lodging
 * An approach to negotiation and conflict resolution
 * Reasonable accommodation, a legal doctrine protecting religious minorities or people with disabilities
 * Accommodation (religion), a theological principle linked to divine revelation within the Christian church
 * Accommodationism, a judicial interpretation with respect to Church and state issues
 * Accommodation bridge, a bridge provided to re-connect private land, separated by a new road or railway
 * Accommodation (law), a term used in US contract law
 * Accommodation (geology), the space available for sedimentation
 * Accommodation (eye), the process by which the eye increases optical power to maintain a clear image (focus) on an object as it draws near
 * Accommodation in psychology, the process by which existing mental structures and behaviors are modified to adapt to new experiences according to Jean Piaget, in the learning broader theory of Constructivism
 * Accommodations, a technique for education-related disabilities in special education services
 * Communication accommodation theory, the process by which people change their language behavior to be more or less similar to that of the people with whom they are interacting
 * Accommodation, a linguistics term meaning grammatical acceptance of unstated values as in accommodation of presuppositions
 * Biblical accommodation, the adaptation of text from the Bible to signify ideas different from those originally expressed
 * PS Accommodation, a pioneer Canadian steamboat built by John Molson

title: Accommodation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Math Blaster

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:21, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Math Blaster
Delete Fails WP:MUSIC criteria for notability. Someone seems to care about these guys, but that might just make it a vanity page. Icelight 18:23, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Google says they don't exist, and while they might, 3 self-produced albumbs (which should also be VfDed) are not a source of notability. I wish them all the best in making it big, and showing up here in the future. -Harmil 19:12, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete bandcruft. Friday 21:12, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The computer game by that name might be notable; the band isn't. --Carnildo 21:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable band. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 02:56, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I thought it was about the computer game too, I had it at home back then. Also, the band's three albums, The Public Physics, The Public Physics, Too?, The Piblic Physics 3.14 should be deleted too.   Most likely vanity considering the last album page was created by user Math Blaster.--Madchester 05:16, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rewrite so that the article is about the computer game. Delete this nn vanity bandcruft. --Idont Havaname 05:47, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, but let the redlinks stand. The game by the same name is notable. If appropriate, Userfy to User:Mathblaster. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 12:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete If someone want to recreate about the game, ok. But get rid of the band vanity. --Etacar11 00:32, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Hagis

Welcome!
Hello, Hagis, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:23, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

Wikify my entries. sango you listening come on dont tell me to get wikifying help out burlington school work on it

 * Um... Most articles you've created don't have any content other than the and  tags. Perhaps you could provide a bit of context before others (or you) can wikify the articles?  Sango  123  18:30, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

the context is real so people here can work on the articles

 * It looks like your articles have been deleted (see below). Please add content to any pages before posting them. Thanks, Sango  123  18:36, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Your test
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Fire Star 18:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No test lady or man this aint no test now work with the articles hoepfully you will be glad.

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Fire Star 18:35, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

IT SAYS I hope you like the place and stay what the heck are you talking about fire woman help me out sango

 * We need content in pages. Adding a page with no content will encourage people not to add to it, because it turns the link blue and they don't neccessarily see that it's empty. By the way, you should sign talk messages with --~ --Phroziac (talk) 18:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, you should add text in the article instead of just posting tags. Otherwise, others who have no knowledge of the topic are not able to contribute. Those articles, since they have no information, will get deleted.  Sango  123  18:41, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Adding new articles
You have added a number of articles recently with no significant content. If you don't have anything to write about a topic, please don't start an article about it. Thank you for your interest in Wikipedia. Kelly Martin 18:43, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hagis


text:
Victoire Thivisol

Victoire Thivisol (born 6 July 1991) is a French film actress.

She first gained acclaim for her role as a child coping with her mother's death in the 1996 film Ponette, becoming the youngest actress to win the Volpi Cup Best Actress Award at the Venice Film Festival. She later went on to star in Children of the Century and Chocolat (2000), both as the daughter of Juliette Binoche. In 2007, she was cast in Les grands s'allongent par terre (2008). The director, Emmanuel Saget, was so impressed with her that he rewrote the film around her character.

title: Victoire Thivisol


text:
Morris Sheppard

John Morris Sheppard (May 28, 1875 – April 9, 1941) was a Democratic United States Congressman and United States Senator from Texas. He authored the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) and introduced it in the Senate, and is referred to as "the father of national Prohibition."

Background
Sheppard was born in Morris County in east Texas, the oldest of seven children, to lawyer John Levi Sheppard, later a judge and United States Representative; and his wife, the former Margaret Alice Eddins.

Through his mother Margaret, Morris Sheppard was a direct descendant of Robert Morris (1734–1806) of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a financier who had signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution.

Education
Sheppard received his B.A. degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1895, and an LL.B. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1897. While in law school Sheppard became a member of the Methodist Church, and became friendly with two classmates, future Governor Pat Neff, and future U.S. Senator Tom Connally. In 1898, he received his LL.M. from Yale Law School.

He began practicing law with his father in Pittsburg, Texas and later Texarkana.

Public service
In 1902, Morris Sheppard was elected as a Democrat to replace his deceased father in the United States House of Representatives. He held the seat until his resignation in 1913, when the Texas legislature elected him to the United States Senate. In 1914 and while holding the office of Senator, he was on the Central Committee of the First National Conference on Race Betterment, a conference on eugenics held at the Battle Creek Sanatorium. He served as Democratic whip between 1929 and 1933.

In the 1928 presidential election, Texas voters abandoned the Democratic candidate, Alfred E. Smith, Governor of New York and a Catholic, carrying the state for Republican Herbert Hoover and contributing to his victory. In the summer of 1929, First Lady Lou Hoover arranged the traditional teas for wives of congressmen, inviting Jessie De Priest, wife of Oscar Stanton De Priest of Chicago, the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century. Senator Sheppard was among those who objected to this invitation, quoted as saying, "I regret the incident beyond measure. It is recognition of social equality between the white and black races and is fraught with infinite danger to our white civilization."

Sheppard held his Senate seat until his death in Washington, D.C. in 1941. Then-Representative Lyndon B. Johnson ran for Sheppard's Senate seat in the 1941 special election, and lost to Governor W. Lee O'Daniel.

Legislative agenda
As Senator, Sheppard sponsored progressive reform legislation promoting rural credit programs, child labor laws, and antitrust laws. He was also an advocate of women's suffrage in the United States. But he supported the maintenance in Texas and the South of racial segregation in public facilities and the disenfranchisement of blacks.

Prohibition
During his tenure, Sheppard was a vocal supporter of the temperance movement. He helped write the Webb–Kenyon Act (1913) to regulate the interstate shipment of alcoholic beverages, authored the Sheppard Bone-Dry Act (1916) to impose prohibition on the District of Columbia, introduced the Senate resolution for the Eighteenth Amendment establishing national prohibition, and helped write the Volstead Act that provided for its enforcement.

However, during the Prohibition era, a still that produced 130 gallons of moonshine per day was discovered on a Texas ranch that Sheppard owned.

When a resolution calling for a Twenty-first Amendment to repeal prohibition was introduced to the Senate by John J. Blaine of Wisconsin, Sheppard filibustered it for eight-and-a-half hours. He was not helped by a single "dry" senator and he relented, the motion passing by 63 votes to 23.

Sheppard–Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act of 1921
Co-sponsored by Morris Sheppard and Horace Mann Towner, the Sheppard–Towner Act of 1921 provided Federal matching funds for services aimed to reduce maternal and infant mortality. The funding included: midwife training; visiting nurses for pregnant women and new mothers; distribution of nutrition and hygiene information; health clinics, doctors and nurses, for pregnant women, mothers and children.

Federal Credit Union Act of 1934
Senator Morris Sheppard and Congressman Wright Patman are considered the fathers of the Federal Credit Union Act of 1934. Sheppard was the act's author. The bill had stalled in the United States House of Representatives, considerably shortening the time the United States Senate had to pass the final version. Rather than sending the bill to a conference committee, Sheppard asked the Senate to pass the bill unanimously without reading the bill or the amendments. The bill passed the Senate unanimously. The Morris Sheppard Credit Union in Texarkana, Texas carries the Senator's name, while the institution's local credit union chapter is named after Congressman Patman.

Personal life
On December 1, 1909, Sheppard married Lucile Sanderson. The couple had three daughters: Susan, Lucile, and Janet. Some of their descendants also became politicians.

Through their daughter Susan, Sheppard and his wife were the grandparents of Connie Mack III, Republican U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Florida, and great-grandparents of Connie Mack IV, Republican U.S. Representative from Florida. Other Sheppard grandsons, through daughter Janet, were Democrat Richard Sheppard Arnold (1936–2004) and Republican Morris Sheppard "Buzz" Arnold (born 1941), judges at different times on the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, and later concurrently on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, the only brothers to serve concurrently on a U.S. federal court of appeals. The federal courthouse in Little Rock is named in Judge Richard Arnold's honor. Judge Morris Arnold, a Republican, remains on the Eighth Circuit court under senior status.

Death
Sheppard died in office of a brain hemorrhage on April 9, 1941. He is interred at Hillcrest Cemetery in Texarkana, Texas. Andrew Jackson Houston was appointed senator in his place until a special election could be held.

The year following Sheppard's death, his widow Lucile Sanderson Sheppard married Tom Connally, also a United States senator from Texas. Senator Connally also pre-deceased Lucile. When she died in 1980, she was buried with her first husband Morris Sheppard in Hillcrest Cemetery.

Legacy
Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls, Texas was named in his honor.

Fraternal memberships

 * Freemasons
 * Knights of Pythias
 * Odd Fellows
 * Woodmen of the World
 * Improved Order of Red Men
 * Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
 * Kappa Alpha Order
 * Phi Beta Kappa Society

title: Morris Sheppard


text:
Talk:Comparison of FTP client software

Far Manager
Is this a Ftp Manager? I was not abel to see the ftp functionality. ProphylacticScience (talk) 09:38, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

Classic FTP
Its listed under 'gratis' but its not free. Theres a 30-day demo but after that you must pay —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.194.89.208 (talk) 16:26, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

Konqueror
If Internet Explorer is listed then I think Konqueror ought to be listed too seeing as it has a much more advanced FTP client than Internet Explorer. Fyorl (talk) 08:55, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

SmartFTP?
Testing the client and reading the documentation seems like SmartFTP doesn't support SFTP. It does supports SSL/TLS ftp and ftp over ssh (port forwarding), but not SFTP. --Alesis69 05:22, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Confusion seems to abound. See SFTP. - User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 16:09, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Indeed - SmartFTP support forums are busy with users who want SFTP functionality. An ETA of 4Q 2006 has been posted by their developers.

Precision about Filezilla sftp mode
Actually, Filezilla doesn't support key authentication for sftp, I think it should be mentioned because the only windows client that support keys is WinSCP.
 * I agree that such distinctions should be made. I did check my copy of Filezilla though, and I can assure you that rev 3.3.4.1, built 2010-08-16, surely later versions, and maybe some earlier ones, does support key authentication for sftp. --AJim (talk) 18:34, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

CuteFTP vs. CuteFTP Pro
Cuteftp.com has two versions - Home and Pro. The look and feel is quite different for the two, and the feature set is probably larger for the Pro version.

FTP client features table?
I suggest adding another table that should list some of major FTP client features (like it is done in Comparison of wiki software) such as broken download / upload resuming, searching, ability to download a single file through multiple simultaneous connections to a server, proxy server support and others.

In my opinion, that information would greatly help those, who read this article in order to select a FTP that meets their needs.

But a problem here is that neither I nor most other editors are able to check each of the clients listed here against each feature, so that kind of table is likely to be incomplete.

Shambler0 02:31, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Another problem with this table: there are lots of red "no"s in the column for FTP over SSH. But I think it's actually the next column that most people are referring to when they talk about "Secure FTP", i.e. Secure File Transfer Protocol, currently labelled as "SSH file transfer protocol" in the table.

(and also, is Interarchy really the only client that supports FTP over SSH?)

Maybe the "FTP over SSH" column should be deleted, or moved to the far right, and the "SSH file transfer protocol" column renamed? - 124.168.82.182 07:23, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * oops, I meant the features table already there, not the proposed new one. - 124.168.82.182 07:25, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. We should only have ftp, sftp (secure), ftps (over SSL), and fxp in Protocol support; things like https/webdav seem to be unrelated. And isn't compression (MODEZ?) a server feature? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.132.203.93 (talk) 09:26, 21 January 2007 (UTC).

I think this table is really necessary. (Nhocjok 09:21, 26 March 2007 (UTC))

Agree. For those going to create the table: CoreFTP, SmartFTP support Unicode; FileZilla, WinSCP, FlashFXP, WS FTP not support Unicode. --137.189.4.1 (talk) 05:30, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, it would be really good to know whether the clients support Unicode filenames. FileZilla now does, but AFAIK WinSCP doesn’t. Spel-Punc-Gram (talk) 11:28, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

I fully agree. Features I'd like to see:
 * Search on a disk/server.
 * Count occupied space of a folder.
 * Move a file/folder on the server.
 * Download a file larger than 4 GB.
 * Edit a text file on a server.
 * Connect to a cloud drive.
 * Adware free.

No GUI?
lftp and NcFTP seem to have no GUI, just command line interface. I've added a notation of this significant limitation. Please put the information in another better form if you can think of a good way. Please add this notation to other clients where appropriate. 69.87.202.246 00:32, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * lftp, NcFTP - (CL) Command-Line interface only - no GUI

Date/Timestamps
When transfering files, the ability to retain the original date/timestamp is desirable. Standard FTP cannot upload files and retain timestamp! FireFTP cannot even download a file and retain timestamp, because it is just a Firefox extension. Filezilla cannot upload and retain timestamp, even in SFTP mode (which can support this), apparently because of its FTP heritage. WinSCP is the only program I have found so far that can upload files and retain the original timestamp, instead of resetting it to the current local filesystem time. Should we have a column for this feature, or otherwise note it in the article? 69.87.199.144 20:04, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Windows Explorer is a ftp client
Windows Explorer is a Ftp client and supports folder view. --- I have to agree, if you go into My Network Places you can choose add a network place and can upload files there. It also supports password entry and saving passwords 109.181.225.98 (talk) 13:48, 28 July 2011 (UTC)

suggest comparison
i found this freeware Freeftp --83.190.205.33 05:06, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

AOL and Netscape as FTP clients
Hi, Could someone please add entries for these 2 FTP clients (I don't have time to figure out the table format of this article): P.S. I'm surprised Netscape was missing. Has this article been vandalized?? Thanks -- JEBrown87544 23:35, 28 June 2007 (UTC)
 * AOL FTP client: free (comes bundled with the AOL software); Mac OS 7.5 - Mac OS X
 * Netscape products: Footnote: Netscape versions 3 thru 4.77 supported multi-file drag-and-drop FTP upload. No delete or rename capability. Versions 4 - 7 (at least) upload via the Composer or Publisher interface.

IE not support FTPS
I searched the google. It seems that IE is not support ftps directly.

Univerwu 01:36, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Run as a Windows Service?
Can there be a section added which details whether the client can be run as a windows service? Agasante 12:15, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

FTP.EXE
add ftp.exe, and add DOS etc to the operating system support —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.202.146.22 (talk) 05:44, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

I believe FTP.EXE is a port of the original BSD UNIX FTP client, which predates Microsoft entirely, and can still be found to this day on every Unix/Linux installation. It was around long before any of the others on this list. This program has a lot of history, and I'm surprised that it's not on this list. 184.57.129.13 (talk) 23:39, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Please add a column about mapping the FTP/SFTP/FTPS/WebDAV URIs as drives
That seems to be a very helpful ability. WebDrive and SftpDrive are the first candidates... 23:16, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

--Denis

Free Download Manager
Free Download Manager has support for FTP too, I think. They're affiliated with FileHippo, I believe. SharkD (talk) 10:49, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
 * you're right, but it has only download capitilities o.O  mabdul 0=* 18:32, 27 December 2008 (UTC)

FTPRush
FTPRush is an abandoned, yet very capable and free FTP client that's worth mentioning.

LeapFTP and BulletProof FTP
LeapFTP and BulletProof FTP are both missing entirely from wikipedia, though both of them seem abandoned since 2010. They were staples for many people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:8080:4901:63FC:902D:525F:59F7:D496 (talk) 11:48, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Merge?
I don't think it should be moved because none of the other comparison pages are merged. --Ctachme 18:24, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * None? :) Comparison_of_content_management_systems is not merged with List of content management systems or Content management system.

 * I think the comparison articles can become quite large, esp. if we include many clients that are not currently in the list and thus should be seperate. Perhaps the FTP client article could have a blurb about the comparison article, it seems the formatting is up in the air currently. --ShaunMacPherson 04:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't merge. --minghong 06:39, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge. Lists are a lightning rod for spam and the comparison is more useful & makes a list redundant.  See also Articles_for_deletion/List_of_image_viewers for precedence. --Karnesky 23:48, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Features
Is SCP and WebDAV really relevant to this article? It is not supposed to include all types of file transfers, just FTP-related ones, isn't it? Amaurea 09:59, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * For example, SFTP is no more related to FTP than SCP is. On the other hand, you are right, this article claims to be related to FTP protocol. But as long as List of SFTP clients is redirected here, SFTP should stay here. And if SFTP, then SCP too. I have already proposed once, to create a list/comparison of "file transfer clients", where I do not mean a protocol, but a functionality. Then it may refer to all file transfer protocols as this article does. --Prikryl 15:00, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Messy table
The last table is very messy - there seems to be an inconsistent number of columns. Additionally atleast the information for lftp is incorrect: it supports ftp and sftp as well as ftp over ssh and https. I am not sure how ftp over ssl is different from the other protocols. Amaurea 23:45, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

License/OS
Just put the supported OS's in the main table. If you need to make room, you can drop the stuff about license. Nobody really gives a shit if it's "free as in speech" ... Goddamn OSS hippies.

Drop never-used formats
I would like to see the FTP over SSH column removed in the last table. Well sure some clients can do it but what are the actual use cases? It is _not_ sFTP (as the SSH subsystem not the simple file transfer protocol). So if you got SSH access you got sFTP file transfer in 99.9% of the use cases. If you want to tunnel FTP you take FTP/S - this is what everybody is doing and is standard. The only thing I could think of is some hackish access to some FTP server that is not on the same box as the SSH server via SSH port forwarding. And _then_ I am not sure if the clients that claim support for FTP over SSH actually support that. And if you wanted you always could log into your ssh box and contact the FTP server, download and then use SFTP. So in short - why using a wheelchair if you can walk? Nice for some programs if they offer you a wheelchair too but totally irrelevant for 99% of users (nothing against people with a handicap). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.74.44.175 (talk) 18:39, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

Need to seperate FTP and SFTP clients
Right now, the title is inaccurate, at least. Plus, there's no distinction between FTP and SCP/SFTP client.--Ssj4android 20:45, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Commercial FTP clients
Commercial FTP clients seem to have a plethora of different versions, which are presented as different products (plain version, deluxe version, turbo-uber version, mac version and so on). This makes it hard to put them in the table. I just cleaned up some inconsistencies with ftp commander in this respect: other information was about the plain version, but the capabilites listed were those of the deluxe version. If the capabilities of the deluxe versions are different from the normal one, then this entry will have to be corrected. I suggest that we list the name of the basic version only, and mark deviations with footnotes if necessary.

The table was also riddled with external links to the commercial vendors. External links should be in the external links section at the bottom, shouldn't it? And anyway, the links belong in the articles of the clients themselves, and not in this list. Frankly, I suspect that most of the later additions of commercial ftp clients here are by their own vendors. The recently added information about bulletproof ftp client (bpftp.com has address 216.254.61.98) was added by an anonymous user at 216.254.18.172, for example. Attemts to link to articles like "60 day trial" in the license section of the table is also suspect. A big cleanup and systematisation of the list would be nice. Amaurea 11:59, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup
I started to cleanup the tables, in the next week i will do more in this comparison(and i did a cleanup in this talkpage!)  mabdul 0=* 13:28, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Notability
Some of the other technology lists limit entries to those that have their own article. This ensures notability, of the client in this case, and eliminates the temptation of link spammers to add a URL just to increase their google ranking. Another advantage is that the discussion of notability happens at the article level, not here. Does any other editor have a problem if we start eliminating entries that don't have an article (blue link) associated with them? JonHarder talk 21:45, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Seeing no objections to using the existence of an article to guage notability, I am adding a talk page template at the top of this page that includes a notice indicating that non-article entries are subject to removal. If no one objects, I will start cleaning up the article in a few days. ✤ JonHarder talk 22:23, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

I disagree. Do you know how difficult it is to create a new entry in wikipedia? Some ignorant editors will just delete them immediataely just because they don't know it exists, although tons of webpages are available. It happened to me twice and remembering the trouble that I had to go through, I won't do it again.

Notability does not mean that it has to be famous. This is an article on comparisons. It should be to compare as many ftp clients as possible, even those that are obsolete, such as the DOS versions. It is not difficult to resurrect them for study purposes.

I'm surprised that my favorite ftp client, ftp wanderer, which I chose after considering many other clients including wsftp, ftp explorer. You can still find its support page at http://www.pablosoftwaresolutions.com/

Othmanskn (talk) 01:33, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Filtering?
It would be really nice to have some way of filtering the tables by user's criteria. I found the page by searching for comparison of linux FTP clients (this page combines them into same group as windows) --Fry-kun 19:49, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Last release on?
How about adding a date when the last version was released? Then you can easily see which clients are abandoned and which are still in development. (someone wrote sometime)

Great idea! More useful than date of first release! And does not require an additional column -- just tack it on with the Last stable version number. 69.87.202.246 00:37, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

There is an error with the date for cURL. The latest stable release box says 7.74.0 (9 December 2020; 0 days ago[2]) [±] but todays date (in my time zone at least) is 16th December. I was going to edit it but it seems to be some sort of script language stuff that I don't have a clue about and don't want to break. --86.25.176.176 (talk) 20:53, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

Fling

 * Fling File doesn't perform SFTP. It only does FTP. I suggest removing it from the list.

Rename
This article should be renamed "Comparison of file transfer clients" and both "Comparison of FTP clients" and "Comparison of SFTP clients" should redirect here, at a minimum. But the tricky bit is that we should also merge with "Comparison of SSH clients". Logically. But that already has quite a bit of information, about a whole different set of programs. And it would then make a huge article that would be somewhat unweildy, and some people would take offense, and start cutting out information... 69.87.200.97 19:23, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

P2P
What means that column? which application has Peer-to-Peer support? or what? if so, which protocol? (edonkey/kad/bittorent/bearshare/whatever)? think we shpould explain this or remove!  mabdul 0=* 10:00, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Now I remove the column, ecause of the change from a user a long time ago.(11:38, December 28, 2007) The user didn't changed anythink since that. The P2P isn't described on the offical page, nor any download-pages, so I will remove that because no application has this feature!  mabdul 0=* 10:12, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

Combine Free/Freeware/etc sections into just one table
In the "General information" section, I see no need to have separate tables in 5 sections, based solely on payment method. Why not have a little more information (as needed) in the "Software license" column? I see only maybe needing to add "Trial Available" to the "Proprietary" value for those packages currently in the Trials of Payware section. The last 3 sections don't have an "Interface" column yet, but other than that, all the tables are identical.

MeekMark (talk) 21:35, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Resume download/SFTP
According to http://trac.filezilla-project.org/ticket/4147 FileZilla still doesn't download/upload files well, although the wikipedia table shows that it has resume download. Appearantly, the resume download doesn't matter, only support for the SCP protocol, and to a lower extent SFTP. SFTP is featured in FileZilla, but most FTP servers only support SCP which means that when downloading/uploading allot of files, atleast one or several of them always get corrupted (incomplete up/downloads). Since correct upload/downloads is a vital feature, I propose adding a column at "protocols" (SCP). perhaps it's also useful to mention the problem in the File Transfer Protocol client article, and mention WinSCP as a reliable free client. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.182.74.218 (talk) 10:51, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

FTP via browser
It should also be mentioned that file can be downloaded via FTP via the browser as well. The following address then needs to be given in the browser’s bar: ftp://your username@your_hosting.com .Enter. Then provide login and password in the pop-up window.

It should be noted that besides using the browser, a download manager (resumer) can also be used. An example is the "GetRight" program.

I find that the above methods often corrupt files less frequently than when using a FTP client. KVDP (talk) 13:43, 19 June 2013 (UTC)

IPv6 support
I suggest that the table containing info on protocol support is extended with a column on IPv6 support. Information indicating if numeric IPv6 addresses may be specified should somehow also be part of IPv6 info and possibly several other issues that I'm unaware of.

Perwei (talk) 07:45, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Certificate support
Any chance of listing which SFTP clients support login using SSH certificates? Ojw (talk) 13:58, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Primary capabilities
Tables don't say which client are for download purpose only, wich can upload to defined directory, wich can manage the remote directorie tree. I DO think these capabilities are important here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.250.241.172 (talk) 12:38, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

Commander One
Hi! Can you add information about Commander One - it is new dual pane file manager with built-in FTP client? I can provide you with needed information. It has a page here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander_OneDashaG11 (talk) 14:27, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

LAN Support
Why is there no mention of LAN support? Apparently, some programs can upload files to FTP from a local area network while others ignore the capability altogether. Important to know which ones support this because it is used in multi-PC office environments where the files to be uploaded via FTP are on a local computer other than the one running the FTP client, and so they must be accessed over the LAN.

 * What the heck ? There is no such thing as "upload files to FTP", this is BASIC COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE. And you could always ftp between any computers, LAN or WAN or Intergalactic Missionary Network, as long as you know the ip. Seems like friend above ^ was merely interested in adding a link to his site (which I removed). Google adwords and the like wouldn't be involved here, would they ? 116.231.76.61 (talk) 08:29, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Comparison of FTP client software