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New York City Criminal Court

The Criminal Court of the City of New York is a court of the State Unified Court System in New York City that handles misdemeanors (generally, crimes punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year) and lesser offenses, and also conducts arraignments (initial court appearances following arrest) and preliminary hearings in felony cases (generally, more serious offenses punishable by imprisonment of more than one year).

It is a single citywide court. The Deputy Chief Administrative Judge for the New York City Courts is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the NYC trial-level courts, and works with the Administrative Judge of the Criminal Court in order to allocate and assign judicial and nonjudicial personnel resources. One hundred seven judges may be appointed by the Mayor to ten-year terms, but most of those appointed have been transferred to other courts by the Office of Court Administration.

Criminal procedure
Most people who are arrested and prosecuted in New York City will appear before a Criminal Court judge for arraignment. The New York Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) is the primary criminal procedure law.

Felonies are heard by the Supreme Court. Some violations and other issues are adjudicated by other city and state administrative courts, e.g., Krimstock hearings are conducted by the city Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings, parking violations are adjudicated by the city DOF Parking Violations Bureau, and non-parking traffic violations are adjudicated by the state DMV Traffic Violations Bureau.

Arrest to arraignment
New York police officers may arrest someone they have reason to believe has committed a felony, misdemeanor, or violation, or pursuant to an arrest warrant. Those arrested are booked at "central booking" and interviewed by a representative of the Criminal Justice Agency for the purposes of recommending bail or remand at arraignment. In New York state, the time from arrest to arraignment must be within 24 hours. Police may also release a person with an appearance ticket directing a defendant to appear for arraignment in the future: with a desk appearance ticket (DAT) after arrest, or a universal summons without arrest.

At arraignment, the accused is informed of the charges against them and submits a plea (and may accept a plea bargain). The accused have a right to a lawyer. Arraignments are held every day from 9:00am to 1:00am. At arraignment the prosecutor may also provides defense counsel with certain "notices", such as notices about police lineups and statements made by the defendant to police.

After notices are served, the prosecutor may ask, for certain offenses, the court to keep the accused in jail (remanded) or released on bail. Otherwise, the accused is released on their own recognizance (ROR'd) with the least restrictive conditions necessary to reasonably assure the person will come back to court. If the accused is released, the accused must appear in court every time their case is calendared (scheduled for a court hearing), and if they fail to appear the judge may forfeit their bail and issue a bench warrant for their arrest, although judges may excuse defendants from having to show up at every court appearance.

The decision to set bail and the amount of bail to set are discretionary, and the central issue regarding bail is insuring the defendant's future appearances in court; factors to be taken into consideration are defined in. In practice, bail amounts are typically linked to charge severity rather than risk of failure to appear in court, judges overwhelmingly rely only on cash bail and commercial bail bonds instead of other forms of bail, and courts rarely inquire into the defendant's financial resources to understand what amount of bail might be securable by them.

Felony indictment
For those accused of a felony, their case is sent to a court part where felony cases await the action of the grand jury. If the grand jury finds that there is enough evidence that the accused has committed a crime, it may file an indictment. If the accused waives their right to a grand jury, the prosecutor will file a Superior Court Information (SCI). If the grand jury votes an indictment, the case will be transferred from Criminal Court to the Supreme Court for another arraignment. This arraignment is similar to the arraignment in Criminal Court, and if the accused does not submit a guilty plea, the case will be adjourned to a calendar part.

Felony defendants must be released on day if they haven't been indicted, which is to say that unless a grand jury has indicted the defendant and a hearing has commenced within 120 hours/5 days (with an additional 24 hours allowed for weekends and holidays, i.e., 144 hours/6 days), or proof that the indictment was voted within 120 hours, and unless the delay was due to a request of the defendant, and absent a compelling reason for the prosecution's delay, the defendant must be released on their own recognizance (ROR'd).

Pre-trial

A bail review in Supreme Court may be requested by misdemeanor defendants who cannot make bail at the day appearance (the five- to six-day deadline for conversion of a complaint to an information), normally to be scheduled three business days after the appearance. The government must be ready for trial within 6 months for a felony, 90 days for a class A misdemeanor, 60 days for a class B misdemeanor, and within 30 days for a violation, subject to excluded periods (ready rule). A defendant must be released on bail or ROR'd if they are in jail after a specified time of pretrial detention (bail review): within 90 days for a felony, within 30 days for an at-least-3-months misdemeanor, within 15 days for a maximum-3-months misdemeanor, and within 5 days for a violation, subject to excluded periods.

Plea bargain negotiations take place in the AP Parts prior to the case being in a trial-ready posture, and depending upon caseloads, the judges in the AP Parts may conduct pre-trial and felony motion hearings. The most common pre-trial evidence suppression hearings are Mapp (warrantless searches and probable cause), Dunaway (confessions), Huntley (Miranda rights), Wade (identification evidence like lineups), and Johnson (Terry stops) hearings. Trial Parts also conduct pre-trial motion hearings, including Sandoval (witness impeachment) and Molineux (admissibility of prior uncharged crimes) hearings. Once pretrial hearings are completed, the case is considered ready for trial and will usually be transferred to a courtroom that specializes in handling trials.

Trial
In New York State, only those individuals charged with a serious crime, defined as one where the defendant faces more than six months in jail, are entitled to a jury trial; those defendants facing six months' incarceration or less are entitled to a bench trial before a judge. Defendants in summons court may waive their right to a trial before a judge and have the trial held by a judicial hearing officer.

Appeal
Appeals are to the Appellate Terms of the New York Supreme Court, established separately in the First Department (Manhattan and the Bronx) and Second Department (Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) of the Appellate Division.

Structure
There are several specialized parts of the Criminal Court which handle specific subject areas.

Summons court
The Summons All Purpose Part (SAP) hears cases brought to court by universal summonses issued by law enforcement personnel. Summons court handles low-level offenses. Defendants may waive their right to a trial before a judge and have the trial held by a judicial hearing officer.

The District Attorney does not staff the SAP Part. The NYPD's Legal Bureau has a memorandum of understanding with the Manhattan District Attorney allowing the NYPD to selectively prosecute summons court cases. The summons court is sometimes called the "People's Court" because Criminal Court judges routinely authorize summonses and informations based upon the sworn allegations of private citizens who seek redress for criminal acts against them, and the entire proceeding is generally one of private or court-conducted trial.

Problem-solving courts
The state court system has a number of problem-solving courts. The Midtown Community Court is a community court which arraigns defendants who are arrested in the Times Square, Hell's Kitchen, and Chelsea neighborhoods and charged with any non-felony offense. The Red Hook Community Justice Center is a multi-jurisdictional community court in Red Hook, Brooklyn, for example hearing family, civil and criminal "quality of life" cases, as well as youth court, and uses mediation, restitution, community service orders and drug treatment.

Criminal Court operates domestic violence or "DV" courts within every county. Domestic violence courts are forums that focus on crimes related to domestic violence and abuse and improving the administration of justice surrounding these types of crimes. The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens operates DV Complexes, which include an All-Purpose Part and Trial Parts dedicated to adjudicating these types of crimes, while in Richmond all DV cases are heard in the regular AP Part.

Other
Defendants arraigned on felony or misdemeanor complaints are initially arraigned in the arraignment part of the Criminal Court. The all-purpose or "AP" parts are the motion parts of the Criminal Court. Plea bargain negotiations take place in these courtrooms prior to the case being in a trial-ready posture, and depending upon caseloads the judges in the AP Parts may conduct pre-trial hearings, felony hearings, and bench trials.

Criminal Court has preliminary jurisdiction over felony cases filed in New York City, and retains jurisdiction of the felony cases until a grand jury hears the case and indicts the defendant. Defendants charged with felonies are arraigned in the Criminal Court arraignment parts and cases are then usually sent to a felony waiver part to await grand jury action. Felony waiver parts are staffed by Criminal Court judges designated as Acting Supreme Court Justices. Felony waiver parts also hear motions, bail applications, and extradition matters.

Trial Parts in the Criminal Court handle most of the trials, although some trials are conducted in the AP parts.

Administration
The court is supervised by an Administrator, or Administrative Judge if a judge. The Deputy Chief Administrator for the New York City Courts, or Deputy Chief Administrative Judge if a judge, is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the trial-level courts located in New York City, and works with the Administrator of the Criminal Court in order to allocate and assign judicial and nonjudicial personnel resources to meet the needs and goals of those courts. The Criminal Court Administrator is assisted by Supervising Judges who are responsible in the on-site management of the trial courts, including court caseloads, personnel, and budget administration, and each manage a particular type of court within a county or judicial district. The chief clerk assists the administrators in carrying out their responsibilities for supervising the day-to-day operations of the trial courts. The Criminal Court Act made the City responsible for costs for personnel etc. The court is not included in the New York State Courts Electronic Filing System (NYSCEF).

In the State Legislature, the Senate Judiciary and Assembly Judiciary standing committees conduct legislative oversight, budget advocacy, and otherwise report bills on the judicial branch, both state and local courts. The City Bar Criminal Courts Committee studies the workings of the Criminal Court, while the City Bar Criminal Justice Operations Committee and the NYSBA Criminal Justice Section analyze the city criminal courts more broadly.

Judges
New York City Criminal Court judges are appointed by the Mayor of New York City to 10-year terms from a list of candidates submitted by the Mayor's Advisory Committee on the Judiciary.

The Mayor's Advisory Committee is composed of up to nineteen members, all of whom are volunteers and are appointed with the Mayor's approval: the Mayor selects nine members; the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals nominates four members; the Presiding Justices of the Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court for the First and Second Judicial Departments each nominate two members; and deans of the law schools within New York City, on an annual rotating basis, each nominate one member. In addition, the Committee on the Judiciary of the New York City Bar Association, in conjunction with the county bar association in the relevant county, investigates and evaluates the qualifications of all candidates for judicial office in New York City.

Once a judge is appointed by the Mayor to the Criminal Court, they can be transferred from one court to another by the Office of Court Administration, and after two years' service in the lower courts, they may be designated by the Chief Administrator of the Courts as an Acting Supreme Court Justice with the same jurisdiction as a Supreme Court Justice upon consultation and agreement with the presiding justice of the appropriate Appellate Division. The mayor may appoint 107 Criminal Court judges, but only about 73 to 74 currently work in Criminal Court: 46 of these are mayorally appointed Criminal Court judges, and the remaining 27 are Civil Court judges (some elected and some mayorally appointed) assigned to Criminal Court; the other approximately 60 mayorally appointed Criminal Court judges have been designated Acting Supreme Court judges to sit in Supreme Court hearing felony cases.

Judicial hearing officers
Judicial hearing officers (JHOs) adjudicate most summons court (SAP Part) cases, assist in compliance parts in domestic violence cases, and in the New York Supreme Court monitor substance abuse program defendants, conduct pre-trial suppression hearings and make recommended findings of fact and law to sitting judges. JHOs are appointed by the Chief Administrator.

Attorneys
By law, the city must provide criminal representation by any combination of a public defender, legal aid society, and/or panel of qualified lawyers (pursuant to County Law Article 18-B). The Legal Aid Society is contracted as the city's primary provider of criminal legal aid, along with New York County Defender Services in Manhattan, Brooklyn Defender Services in Brooklyn, The Bronx Defenders in the Bronx, Queens Defenders in Queens, and the Neighborhood Defender Service in northern Manhattan. For a comparison of relative activity in 2009, legal aid societies handled 290,251 cases of which 568 went to trial, whereas 18-B lawyers represented 42,212 defendants of which 623 went to trial.

The District Attorney does not staff the summons court (SAP Part), and the summons court proceedings are generally one of a private or court-conducted trial. District attorneys are legally permitted to delegate the prosecution of petty crimes or offenses, and the NYPD's Legal Bureau has a memorandum of understanding with the district attorneys, at least in Manhattan, allowing the NYPD to selectively prosecute summons court cases.

Analysis and criticism
The Court of Appeals ruled in 1991 that most people arrested must be released if they are not arraigned within 24 hours. In 2013, for the first time since 2001, the average time it took to arraign defendants fell below 24 hours in all five boroughs.

But there have been accusations of systematic trial delays, especially with regards to the New York City stop-and-frisk program. Out of more than 11,000 misdemeanor cases pending in 2012 in the Bronx, there were 300 misdemeanor trials. The Bronx criminal courts were responsible for more than half of the cases in New York City's criminal courts that were over two years old, and for two-thirds of the defendants waiting for their trials in jail for more than five years. In 2016, councilman Rory Lancman, noting that only about half of the about 107 appointed Criminal Court judges currently serve because the Chief Administrative Judge and Office of Court Administration have transferred them to Supreme Court to hear felony cases, said major reasons for the backlogs were a shortage of judges, court officers and courtrooms; a haphazard discovery process that frustrates timely plea deal negotiations; and a speedy trial statute unique to New York that allows the parties to game the system. The New York Times editorial board has criticized the Criminal Court judges for rarely excusing defendants from having to show up at every court appearance, as allowed by law, instead requiring them "to return to court every several weeks and spend all day waiting for their cases to be called, only to be told that the proceedings are being put off for another month ... [meaning] these defendants miss work, lose wages and in some cases their jobs."

New York City's use of remand (pre-trial detention) has also been criticized. Almost without exception, New York judges only set two kinds of bail at arraignment, straight cash or commercial bail bond, while other options exist such as partially secured bonds, which only require a tenth of the full amount as a down payment to the court (and presumably refunded when redeemed), and unsecured bonds, which don't require any up front payment. The New York City Criminal Justice Agency has stated that only 44 percent of defendants offered bail are released before their case concludes. A report by Human Rights Watch found that among defendants arrested in New York City in 2008 on nonfelony charges who had bail set at $1,000 or less, 87 percent were jailed because they were unable to post the bail amount at their arraignment, and that 39 percent of the city's jail population consisted of pre-trial detainees who were in jail because they had not posted bail. A report by the Vera Institute of Justice concluded that, in Manhattan, black and Latino defendants were more likely to be held in jail before trial and more likely to be offered plea bargains that include a prison sentence than whites and Asians charged with the same crimes.

It is said that excessive pre-trial detention and the accompanying systematic trial delays are used to pressure defendants to accept plea bargains.

In June 2014 it was reported that Brooklyn's change to a more wealthy, more Caucasian population has had a negative effect for defendants in the criminal cases of Brooklyn, which is largely composed of minorities, and reductions in awards in civil cases. It was called the Williamsburg effect because of that neighborhood's gentrification. Brooklyn defense lawyer Julie Clark said that these new jurors are "much more trusting of police." Another lawyer, Arthur Aidala said:

"Now, the grand juries have more law-and-order types in there. ... People who can afford to live in Brooklyn now don't have the experience of police officers throwing them against cars and searching them. A person who just moves here from Wisconsin or Wyoming, they can't relate to [that]. It doesn't sound credible to them."

Brooklyn district attorney Kenneth P. Thompson had argued that most people don't understand how summons court operates, resulting in missed court dates and automatic bench warrants; that the omission of race and ethnicity information on the summons form should be remedied, to provide statistics of summons recipients; that poor access to public defenders by indigent persons in summons courts raises serious due process concerns; and that the city needs to overhaul its summons system, to handle quality-of-life infractions better and in a timely manner.

History
The New York City Court of Special Sessions was created in 1744, from a court created in 1732. (The New York County Court of General Sessions tried felonies as a county court, whereas Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties had a regular County Court. ) In 1848 the city Police Courts or Magistrates' Courts were created, elected within six districts. In 1910 both city courts were reconstituted after the city's consolidation. The Court of Special Sessions tried misdemeanors like other cities' police courts, and the Magistrates' Courts tried petty criminal cases.

The Criminal Court was established effective 1 September 1962 by the New York City Criminal Court Act of the 173rd New York State Legislature and Governor Nelson Rockefeller, replacing the City Magistrates' Courts and the Court of Special Sessions. (The work and personnel of the New York County Court of General Sessions, and the County Court in Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, were transferred to the Supreme Court.)

In 1969–1970, extrajudicial administrative courts were created to offload a large volume of cases from the Criminal Court: the state DMV Traffic Violations Bureau (TVB), which adjudicates non-parking traffic violations, and the city DOF Parking Violations Bureau, which adjudicates parking violations. Though the state had created Narcotics Parts (N Parts) in the city's Supreme Court in 1971, in 1993 the Criminal Court implemented its first problem-solving court in the Midtown Community Court.

Manhattan courthouse
The Criminal Courthouse building is a 17-story Art Deco-style building at 100 Centre Street in lower Manhattan designed by Wiley Corbett and Charles B. Meyers, and constructed from 1938-41. It was built on the site of the 1894 Criminal Courthouse and the original Tombs prison.

In popular culture
The 1980's sitcom Night Court was inspired by the evening court sessions held in the Criminal Courthouse building in Manhattan from 5:00 pm to 1:00 am; however, the exterior of the New York County Courthouse is shown in the show's opening sequence.

Tourists sometimes view the evening sessions from the public galleries.

General and cited references

 * Chapter 697, enacted 24 April 1962, effective 1 September 1962. Senate Bill, Introductory Number 3716, Printed Number 4674.

title: New York City Criminal Court


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Jean-Marie Guyau

Jean-Marie Guyau (28 October 1854 – 31 March 1888) was a French philosopher and poet.

Guyau was inspired by the philosophies of Epicurus, Epictetus, Plato, Immanuel Kant, Herbert Spencer, and Alfred Fouillée, and the poetry and literature of Pierre Corneille, Victor Hugo, and Alfred de Musset.

Life
Guyau was first exposed to Plato and Kant, as well as the history of religions and philosophy in his youth through his stepfather, the noted French philosopher Alfred Fouillée. With this background, he was able to attain his Bachelor of Arts at only 17 years of age, and at this time, translated the Handbook of Epictetus. At 19, he published his 1300-page "Mémoire" that, a year later in 1874, won a prize from the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences and helped to earn him a philosophy lectureship at the Lycée Condorcet. However, this was short-lived, as he soon began to suffer from pulmonary disease. Following the first attacks of his disease, he went to southern France where he wrote philosophical works and poetry. He remained there until his early death at 33 years of age.

His mother, Augustine Tuillerie (who married Fouillée after Guyau's birth), published Le Tour de France par deux enfants in 1877 under the pseudonym G. Bruno.

Guyau's wife published short novels for young people under the pseudonym of Pierre Ulric.

Philosophy
Guyau's works primarily analyze and respond to modern philosophy, especially moral philosophy. Largely seen as an Epicurean, he viewed English utilitarianism as a modern version of Epicureanism. Although an enthusiastic admirer of the works of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, he did not spare them a careful scrutiny of their approach to morality.

In his Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction, probably his most important work on moral theory, he begins from Fouillée, maintaining that utilitarian and positivist schools, despite admitting the presence of an unknowable in moral theory, wrongly expel individual hypotheses directed towards this unknowable. He states that any valid theory of ethics must consider the moral sphere as consisting not merely of moral facts (the utilitarian approach) but also, and more importantly, of moral ideas. On the other hand, in contrast to Fouillée, he does not see this unknowable itself as able to contribute a "principle practically limiting and restricting conduct," i.e. of "mere justice" which, he states, comes too close to Kantian notions of duty; for this, in turn, would bring us back to a theory of moral obligation, which, as the title suggests, he wishes to free moral theory from. Much of his treatise is dedicated to arguing what moral theory can be based upon that relieves moral theorists from relying on e.g. duty, sanctions, and obligations. For example,

The only admissible "equivalents" or "substitutes" of duty, to use the same language as the author of "La Liberté et le Déterminisme" appear to us to be:
 * 1) The consciousness of our inward and superior power, to which we see duty practically reduced.
 * 2) The influence exercised by ideas over actions.
 * 3) The increasing fusion of the sensibilities, and the increasingly social character of our pleasures and sorrows.
 * 4) The love of risk in action, of which we will show the importance hitherto ignored.
 * 5) The love of metaphysical hypothesis, which is a sort of risk of thought.

Guyau also took interest in aesthetic theory, particularly its role in society and social evolution. Primarily, Guyau's theories of aesthetics refute Immanuel Kant's idea that aesthetic judgment is disinterested, and accordingly, partitioned off from the faculties of mind responsible for moral judgement. In Les Problèmes de l'esthétique contemporaine, Guyau argues that beauty in fact activates all dimensions of the mind—the sensual, the intellectual, and the moral. Aesthetic sensations are fully integrated with life and morality. They are also the mark of man's self-actualization. Contrary to Herbert Spencer's theory that the development of the arts is an indicator of the decline of society at large, Guyau maintains that as society continues to evolve, life will become increasingly aesthetic. In L'Art au point de vue sociologique, Guyau argues the purpose of art is not to merely produce pleasure, but to create sympathy among members of a society. By extension, he contends that art has the power to reform societies as well as to form them anew.

Guyau authored La genèse de l’idée de temps (English translation The Origin of the Idea of Time), a book on the philosophy of time in 1890. Guyau argued that time itself does not exist in the universe but is produced by events that occur, thus time to Guyau was a mental construction from events that take place. He asserted that time is a product of human imagination, memory and will.

Influence
Although Guyau is now a relatively obscure philosopher, his approach to philosophy earned him much praise from those who knew of him and his philosophy. Because he rarely made his political ideology explicit, Guyau has been portrayed as a socialist, an anarchist, and as a libertarian liberal in the style of John Stuart Mill. However, Guyau clearly expressed republican sympathies in which he praised the French Revolution, saluted the Third Republic's promotion of civic and moral education, described voting as a "duty," and cautiously argued that democracy offered propitious conditions for creative development.

He is the original source of the notion of anomie, which found much use in the philosophy of Guyau's contemporary Émile Durkheim, who first used it in his review of "Irréligion de l'avenir". He is admired and well-quoted by the anarchist Peter Kropotkin, in Kropotkin's works on ethics, where Guyau is described as an anarchist. Peter Kropotkin devotes an entire chapter to Guyau in his Ethics: Origin and Development, describing Guyau's moral teaching as "so carefully conceived, and expounded in so perfect a form, that it is a simple matter to convey its essence in a few words", while the American philosopher Josiah Royce considered him "one of the most prominent of recent French philosophical critics."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jean-Marie Guyau


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Gaius Papirius (pontifex maximus)

Gaius Papirius was pontifex maximus in 509 BC, the first year of the Roman Republic. He copied the religious ordinances established by Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome, which his grandson, Ancus Marcius, had carved on oaken tablets, and placed in the Forum.

According to Pomponius, a Sextus or Publius Papirius had collected all of the leges regiae, the laws established by the kings, in the time of the Tarquins. This collection came to be known as the Ius Papirianum or Ius Civile Papirianum. Münzer postulated that this collection was the same as that recorded by Gaius Papirius, the Pontifex Maximus, who would then be identified with the Sextus or Publius Papirius referred to by Pomponius.

title: Gaius Papirius (pontifex maximus)


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User talk:Prez2016

Welcome!
Hi Prez2016, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 16:03, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Lt. Governors
Thanks for your work with lt. governors, but there is already a category for state lt. governors, Category:State lieutenant governors of the United States. -- tomf688 {talk} 01:11, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

NJ Cabinet members
It's a brand new category, but seems way too broad if it only has NJ cabinet members. I'd suggest creating and making it a subcategory of. Then all of the NJ cabinet members would be in a logical group, even when subcategories are created and populated for the other 49 states. Alansohn 01:28, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There are more than 20 members listed on Richard Codey's page and that's probably typical nationwide. Do the math, and 20 members times 50 states equals 1,000 people in the category, and every 2% has nothing to do with the other 98% and a list that's impossible to manage or use. With state-level cats you'd have a nice neat group of 20 or so members, plus people who served in the past and it's managable. I'm happy to help if you need it.

 * I fixed both the Union County page and the template. It's been a rough time with all of the NJ governmental changes at virtually every level. Alansohn 01:43, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Charlie Crist
Please see my comments regarding your recent edit to this page. Can you provide a source which suggests Crist was at one point an educator? Or can you justify adding the category based on his tenure as Commissioner of Education? I'd be interested to hear your line of thinking on this. See you there. Thanks. ALC Washington 20:37, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I replied to your response several days ago. Please see the talk page. ALC Washington 23:34, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

New Jersey edits and WP:NJ
I want to thank you for all of your work on New Jersey-related pages. I would like to invite you to participate in Wikiproject New Jersey, a very loosely organized group of nearly two dozen people who are working on filling in and expanding the details on Wikipedia of all things New Jersey. Membership has no obligations (and even fewer priveleges), but if there is anything about New Jersey that you would like to work on (and you'be already proven a strong interest), i think you will find a number of like-minded people. Alansohn 23:37, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Robert Caro
Just wanted you to know that I corrected your alumni category from Columbia to Princeton. I don't normally let people know this, but it was right there in the article that he graduated from Princeton in 1957 and it didn't look good (where did you get that info, anyway?). Daniel Case 04:58, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

OK. I'll put that in the article then (a lot of people forget this, but categories should reflect article content). Daniel Case 03:50, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

NJ Collaboration of the Week
Thanks for participating in Wikiproject New Jersey. In an attempt to create articles for some of the non-existing pages related to New Jersey, NJCOTW was recently created to bring members of WP:NJ together to work collaboratively on a certain selected topic, which this week is List of Governors of New Jersey. Please help by nominating/voting/commenting on articles on WP:NJCOTW, or by helping to improve articles in the scope of the topic for the NJCOTW. AndyZ 00:51, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

edit summaries
Hey, could I ask you to use edit summaries when putting lots of articles in categories? It just saves a lot of people time double-checking. — Laura Scudder ☎ 00:55, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

State treasurers
William Donald Schaefer is not the Treasurer of Maryland, he is the Comptroller of Maryland. The Comptroller is the chief financial position in the state, though, which I assume is the goal of your template. You may want to reconsider changing the name of the template to something more ambiguous, such as Template:U.S. state chief financial officers or something similar but shorter. -- tomf688 {talk} 03:06, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry I just assumed it was you. -- tomf688 {talk} 03:17, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Please Use Edit Summaries
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you.  ¡Dustimagic!  ( T / C ) 04:42, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Category:County Government Officials in the U.S.
Hi, you might want to hold off before you get too far along in adding Category:County Government Officials in the U.S. to a whole lot of articles. It seems a rather unwieldy and poorly defined category. older ≠ wiser 02:05, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Jane Hadley Barkley
An anonymous user has added a succession box to the Jane Hadley Barkley article you created, however they did it incorrectly. Since I don't know how to fix this problem, I have tagged the article for cleanup and explained the situation on the article's Talk page. --TommyBoy 05:41, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Nevermind, another user has fixed the problem. --TommyBoy 01:08, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey advisory
 The WikiProject New Jersey Reboot Help Wanted! Articles are languishing, categories are stagnating, assessments are missing, the portal is static, and you can help.

You are cordially invited to visit the redesigned WikiProject New Jersey and invite others to do the same.

You are receiving this message as a member of WikiProject New Jersey. You can remove yourself from the mailing list here.
 * Notice delivery by xenobot  01:17, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey Newsletter (August 2008)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  18:50, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey Newsletter (September 2008)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  16:32, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey Newsletter (October 2008)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  13:31, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Category:United States political leader templates
There is some discussion of the format of templates in Category:United States political leader templates such as U.S. State Attorneys General and U.S. State Secretaries of State going on at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography. Feel free to discuss.--TonyTheTiger (t/c/bio/WP:CHICAGO/WP:LOTM) 18:19, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey Newsletter (November 2009)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  14:10, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Prez2016! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 24 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

 * 1) Henry F. Wojtaszek -
 * 2) Charles Richman -
 * 3) Frank Pelzman -
 * 4) Regena Thomas -
 * 5) Chuck Hunt -
 * 6) Jan Cellucci -
 * 7) Ninfa Segarra -
 * 8) Herbert Berman -
 * 9) Joyce Dinkins -
 * 10) Frank Milano -

 * 11. Anthony Nanula
 * 12. Martha Wilkinson
 * 13. Peg Bennett
 * 14. Mary Lou Rath
 * 15. Al Coppola
 * 16. Laureen Oliver
 * 17. Doug Jamerson
 * 18. Daniel E. Wall
 * 19. Chauncey Parker
 * 20. Nancy Naples
 * 21. James Hartmann
 * 22. Mary Anne Krupsak
 * 23. Nancy Larraine Hoffmann

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 05:36, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject New Jersey Newsletter (January 2010)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  13:51, 25 January 2010 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Susan Tietjen
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Susan Tietjen. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

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Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:15, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Henry F. Wojtaszek

The article Henry F. Wojtaszek has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Henry F. Wojtaszek is a non-notable local official.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

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Proposed deletion of Peg Bennett

The article Peg Bennett has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unsourced BLP about the wife of the man who was acting governor of New Jersey for all of three and a half days. No significant coverage found.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Michig (talk) 09:57, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of James Hartmann for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article James Hartmann is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Proposed deletion of Jack Quinn III

The article Jack Quinn III has been proposed for deletion because under Wikipedia policy, all biographies of living persons created after March 18, 2010, must have at least one source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't take offense. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners or ask at Help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Regards, SunCreator (talk) 13:24, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Mary Jo Codey

The article Mary Jo Codey has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Not seeing much that would make this person in her own right notable enough for an article. It looks like she was married to a new Jersey governor and does some mental health advocacy work. The two sources given link to bios on government pages.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Wlmg (talk) 23:34, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Frank Pelzman

A tag has been placed on Frank Pelzman requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), web content or organised event, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator. AusLondonder (talk) 18:37, 2 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Co-hosts of The View
Template:Co-hosts of The View has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Rob Sinden (talk) 09:17, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:GMA Anchors
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Nomination for deletion of Template:ABCEveningNewsAnchors
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Nomination for merger of Template:GoodMorningAmericaAnchors with Template:GMA Anchors
Template:GMA Anchors, which you created on May 23, 2006, has been nominated for merger with Template:GoodMorningAmericaAnchors, which was created by User:KeltieMartinFan on May 25, 2009. You are invited to comment on the discussion at Templates for discussion/Log/2017 May 26. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 22:36, 26 May 2017 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Today (U.S. TV program)
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Nomination for deletion of Template:ABCEveningNewsAnchors
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Nomination for deletion of Template:20/20Anchors
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Nomination for deletion of Template:Today (U.S. TV program)
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Nomination for deletion of Template:GMA Anchors
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Nomination of Maryanne Connelly for deletion
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Nomination of Christopher Callaghan for deletion
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Nomination of C. Scott Vanderhoef for deletion
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Nomination of Todd Caliguire for deletion
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Nomination of Thomas Shea for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Thomas Shea is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Nomination of Maggie Brooks for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Maggie Brooks is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Proposed deletion of Laureen Oliver

The article Laureen Oliver has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Does not meet notability guidelines"

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title: User talk:Prez2016


text:
User talk:Kdbuffalo

apologetics
I'd sure like to hear what you had to say about this page on the talk page. Jonathan Tweet 19:28, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Blocked
You have been blocked one week for continuing to disrupt and troll evolution and evolution related articles. IT has been made very clear at Requests for comment/Kdbuffalo 2 that the community is unwilling to tolerate this behaviour. Noth of your acknowledged accounts have been blocked. pschemp | talk 19:20, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Your block has been restarted and now set to nine days, due to the block evasion. --  tariq abjotu  06:24, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Given ongoing evidence of sockpuppetry (see User:Happy Couple2) and your lengthy prior history, I've extended your block to indefinite. You may contest it by using the unblock template, or following the steps described here. MastCell Talk 19:52, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Sockpuppetry case
You have been accused of sockpuppetry. Please refer to Suspected sock puppets/VacuousPoet (5th) for evidence. Please make sure you make yourself familiar with notes for the suspect before editing the evidence page. Orange Marlin Talk• Contributions 09:16, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Bible and Spade
I have nominated Bible and Spade, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Bible and Spade. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. dougweller (talk) 16:46, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The Skeptic's Annotated Bible
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is The Skeptic's Annotated Bible. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/The Skeptic's Annotated Bible (2nd nomination). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:09, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

Change
Hi Mr. Buffalo,

You made a change here: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duane_Gish&diff=prev&oldid=88957990

If you don't mind, I am going to undo your change. I think that that particular trivia section adds to the article. Perhaps I'll try to incorporate it into other parts of the article. If I don't hear from you by tomorrow, I'll do it.

Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.68.86.111 (talk) 03:54, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

Medicine that is harmful and ineffective listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Medicine that is harmful and ineffective. Since you had some involvement with the Medicine that is harmful and ineffective redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. -- Tavix ( talk ) 07:37, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Request to edit Wikipedia again
User:Worm That Turned, or another admin, could you please review this request? I would be most grateful. Kind regards, ken (talk) 20:54, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Looks like you did a lot of block evasion and socking back in the day; a previous version of this request said you haven't edited since 2005 (I assume you mean 2006), but you edited at least thru 2009 with socks and various IP addresses, right? When was the last time you edited with any account or as an IP? --Floquenbeam (talk) 21:01, 19 April 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm removing this from the unblock request backlog by declining the request procedurally. If you return and wish to request a new unblock, you can do so.  But a little research shows quite a bit of problematic editing, POV pushing, and socking.  Even if it was 8 years ago, this could be quite a long negotiation (starting with answering the question above), with no guarantee of success, and - even if there is success - probably an extensive set of topic bans. --Floquenbeam (talk) 19:50, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Donovan Courville for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Donovan Courville is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Nomination of Bible and Spade for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Bible and Spade is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Bible and Spade& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. jps (talk) 13:40, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kdbuffalo


text:
Carlotta (performer)

Carlotta (born 2 September 1943)  is the stage name of Carol Byron, also known as Carol Spencer and credited briefly as Carole Lea, a transgender Australian cabaret performer and television personality.

Carlotta began her professional career in 1959 as a Bridgette Bardot-like performer, as an original cast member of the long-running Sydney-based male revue Les Girls (pronounced lay-girls) cabaret show, which had an international following, in Sydney's Kings Cross. Carlotta performed spot-numbers as a singer and comedian, and eventually became the show's compere and lead attraction. Although best known as a cabaret performer, in 1974 Carlotta appeared on the television series Number 96 as Miss Robyn Ross, in a comedic story line that saw her coming out as transgender to the surprise of her boyfriend Arnold (Jeff Kevin). Her appearance on the show marked the first time worldwide that a transgender character was portrayed by a transgender actor.

As a TV presenter, Carlotta was a featured panelist on the talk show Beauty and the Beast, as well as a regular guest on the entertainment program Studio 10.

In 2021, Carlotta announced her retirement from the industry after 62 years. In response, the Sydney Morning Herald cited Carlotta as an Australian legend in the vein of Don Bradman and Cate Blanchett.

Early life and personal life
Carlotta was born as Richard Lawrence Byron in Balmain, New South Wales on 2 September 1943, to mother Evelyn Byron, who worked for the Australian Arm of the International Red Cross and an unknown father '

As a child, she was taught song-and-dance routines by her mother. Neither her mother nor her stepfather approved of her subsequent transgender performing career, and she found solace in a woman she affectionately called her "Aunty Hazel". She had sex reassignment surgery in 1971.

In 2024, she lived in Surfers Paradise, Queensland.

Les Girls cabaret
Carlotta's stage name was sourced from that of Empress Carlota of Mexico. Managed by impresario Lee Gordon, who had organised tours to Australia by Elizabeth Taylor, Frank Sinatra and Judy Garland, she began her career as an original cast member of the long-running stage male revue Les Girls (pronounced lay-girls) cabaret show, which started in 1962 in the purpose-built nightclub building owned by Abe Saffron in the heart of Sydney's Kings Cross. The revue was performed exclusively by males in drag costume, and Carlotta performed spot-numbers as a singer and comedian. She eventually became known as "The Queen of The Cross" as the show's compere and lead attraction, performing also in Leagues clubs while touring with the show.

Carlotta also appeared in the 1970 film The Naked Bunyip.

Les Girls and Carlotta became an attraction for visitors to Sydney. Carlotta departed in 1992. Inspired by the film The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert, she mounted a revue Carlotta & Her Beautiful Boys, planning to tour Australia. This was not a financial success, bankrupting her, after which she mainly appeared as a one-woman performer.

Television personality
Carlotta (credited as "Carolle Lea") appeared in the soap opera Number 96 in 1973 as Robyn Ross, the new girlfriend of Arnold Feather (portrayed by Jeff Kevin). In the story it was soon revealed that Robyn was in fact a transsexual showgirl, a revelation that led to the end of her romance, meaning she left the show. It is the first time anywhere in the world a trans TV character would be played by a trans actress.

From 1997, Carlotta became a regular panellist on the talk show Beauty and the Beast, hosted by Stan Zemanek. Between 2013 and 2018, she made regular appearances as a panel member on morning show Studio 10.

Biographical telemovie
A 90-minute telemovie, Carlotta, was screened in June 2014 with Jessica Marais acting the title role. The film "presents a romanticised perspective that offers only hints of the harsher realities of Byron's complex life."

Stage shows
In 2005, she presented her own half-million-dollar stage production, Carlotta's KingsX, in the Big Top at Luna Park, Sydney, based on her 2003 book I'm Not That Kind of Girl. Produced by Brett Elliott and Richard Bernardo, the 90-minute show consisted of classic storytelling, stand-up comedy, lavish costumes, and "Les Girls" dance performances throughout. She has also toured with her one-woman show Carlotta: Live and Intimate. She toured, performing such songs by Irving Berlin, Rodgers and Hart, Stephen Sondheim and her late friend Peter Allen, performing with a three-piece band headed by Michael Griffiths in 2019.

Awards and honours
Carlotta was awarded the Member of the Order of Australia (AM) on 26 January 2020 for services to the performing arts and the LGBTIQ community. She has also been awarded The Kings Cross Award for services to tourism, the Drag Industry Variety Award, and the Australian Club Entertainment Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2018, a bronze sculpture was dedicated to her in Kings Cross, where she also has a star on the pavement.

Health
In 2018, in an exclusive interview with New Idea, Carlotta stated she was suffering from a urinary tract infection, which subsequently caused bladder cancer, but doctors had discovered it early and were able to successfully surgically remove the tumour.

Books
Carlotta has published two books:

 * He Did it her Way: Carlotta, legend of Les Girls (with James Cockington) (1994), Chippendale ISBN 033027483X.
 * Carlotta: I'm not that kind of girl (as told to Prue MacSween) (2003), Pan Macmillan: Sydney. ISBN 073291194X.

As of 2013, these biographies and memoirs have been out of print.

Additionally, Carlotta was a featured artist in the 1969 photo book Birds of the Cross.

title: Carlotta (performer)


text:
User talk:Namesakes

Welcome!
Hi Namesakes, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 16:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Namesakes


text:
User talk:Nandhp

Welcome!
Hi Nandhp, and a warm welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you have enjoyed editing as much as I did so far and decide to stay. Unfamiliar with the features and workings of Wikipedia? Don't fret! Be Bold! Here's some good links for your reference and that'll get you started in no time!

""

Most Wikipedians would prefer to just work on articles of their own interest. But if you have some free time to spare, here are some open tasks that you may want to help out :

""

Oh yes, don't forget to sign when you write on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments. And finally, if you have any questions or doubts, don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Once again, welcome! =)

- Mailer Diablo 16:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Common compose combinations
hi nandhp … don't you think that putting all of ½, ¼ and ¾ in the table on Compose key might be a bit redundant? i would still like to see ☭ there, it makes the whole thing a bit more interesting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.104.220.1 (talk) 15:54, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:Microsoft Calendar Day View.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Microsoft Calendar Day View.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 02:38, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Puffskein, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a redirect to a nonexistent page. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. If you plan to expand the article, you can request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material. To do this, affix the template   to the page and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. SQL(Query Me!) 05:19, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Image:NonFreeImageRemoved With Triangle.svg
A tag has been placed on Image:NonFreeImageRemoved With Triangle.svg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section I1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the image is a redundant copy (all pixels the same or scaled down) of an image in the same file format, which is on Wikipedia (not on Commons), and all inward links have been updated.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on  explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. LegoKontribsTalkM 04:34, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Screenshot file FontDisplays.PNG and FontDisplays.JPEG
I was wanting to know, why these two files in "The Quick Brown Fox" articles are considered non-free. You say that it is because Microsoft Windows XP is nonfree, but there are no screens from the general operating system, just the free program OpenOffice. What in the screenshot make it nonfree? How can you even tell it is Windows XP if it is not labeled in the picture? Just curious and wanting to learn more. (The preceding unsigned comment was added by Brandenads at 23:21, May 7, 2009)

Orphaned non-free image (File:W Bertona St - 3rd Ave W.JPG)
 Thanks for uploading File:W Bertona St - 3rd Ave W.JPG. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Update image
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title: User talk:Nandhp


text:
User:ADL488

Hey all, I'm a 24 year old post grad student at USYD, major in ancient history, born in Israel, I moved to England when I was 16 and Australia when I was 21.

title: User:ADL488


text:
User talk:ADL488

Empty. :(

Welcome!

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title: User talk:ADL488


text:
Talk:Committee of Safety (Hawaii)

--

List of members questionable
Where did the names of the members come from? They all don't match the ones mentioned in the Blount Report.

66.215.8.85 16:06, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I question the names of members. Most of those listed are not Hawaiian born, leaving the impression that the committee was made up of recent arrivals. I don't know if the committee was or was not made up mostly of recent arrivals, but I do know the list leaves off one of the most important, Lorrin Thurston, born in Hawai'i. It's also a little bit misleading as these are the folks (with Thurston) who signed the request for US armed forces but this list obviously does not include everyone who was involved in the action. Does it even include all the leaders? The article needs more clarity. Mahalo. Makana Chai (talk) 01:39, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

Citizens?
The article says "formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety", but the second External Link says "citizens' committee of public safety" once, and everywhere else says "Committee of Public Safety". So I don't think "citizens'" or "Citizen's" was a formal part of the name. Art LaPella 01:50, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * On the contrary, the Blount Report quotes the letter to Stevens as "Citizens' Committee of Safety" so various names were used. That is why citations are needed to be precise. W Nowicki (talk) 23:38, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

POV tag
Please explain specifically what sentences the POV tag was added for. Mahalo! --JereKrischel 01:03, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

Please examine
This edit. Badagnani (talk) 18:49, 6 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I just reverted it.  Thanks. Viriditas (talk) 12:34, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Citizens question and please verify sources
"The Committee of Safety was organized by the Hawaiian League, a group of over 400 businessmen, merchants, and planters." The Blount Report (page 583, ) states, "A committee of safety, consisting of thirteen members, had been formed from a little body of men assembled in W. O. Smith's office." which would dispute the 400 businessmen, merchants...unless W.O. Smith had a very large office or they were very skinny men.

"As these events were unfolding, American citizens living in Honolulu expressed concern for their safety and property." To whom? Again the Blount Report (page 585) says, "To use the language of Admiral Skerrett, the American troops were ... very improperly located if only intended to protect American citizens in person and property."

"On January 17, 1893 about 1500 members of the Honolulu Rifles, a militia composed of local citizens, occupied government buildings, disarmed the Royal Guard, and declared the Provisional Government of Hawaiʻi." 'Local citizens' does not mean 'naturalized'. As shown in Members of Committee Section, many whites/anglo-saxons held on to their foreign citizenships. By using the term 'local citizens' it implies general acceptance from the populace.

I find this article to be bias in using only the Morgan Report as reference and not citing the Blount Report which came earlier.--Quneur (talk) 09:21, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree, the article needs work. If you have access to this info and can cite it, then please do add in. I think both reports should be cited, as well as any later "authoritative" works, if there are such things. Mahalo. Makana Chai (talk) 17:27, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, generally a "committee" is a smaller part of a larger group organized for a more specific purpose. So this article needs to more clearly distinguish between the whole "Hawaiian League" which was a broader group that had existed for a while, and the Committee of Safety itself. It is also unclear to me if the "Annexation Club" applied just to the small committee or the whole League. Please do help make the viewpoint more neutral. It can be done without weasel words, just state the facts. W Nowicki (talk) 17:43, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

 * One more inaccuracy: The second photo caption is wrong; this is the "Executive Council" of the Provisional Government, not the committee! W Nowicki (talk) 23:38, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Proposed move
Many of the links to this article are piped from Hawaiian League. I propose to move this article to that name (leave the resulting redirect to not break any links) and rewrite the first body paragraph to expand including the 1887 role. The Committee of Safety as far as I know only existed for a day or two, while the League has more history that we can cover, filling a current hole in Wikipedia. Much of the article had confused the two anyway. Any objections? W Nowicki (talk) 18:39, 16 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. Mahalo. Makana Chai (talk) 18:47, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok with me as well. Arjuna (talk) 19:04, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

criticism/controversy section
Shouldn't there be a section that discusses how the Hawaiian League and it's actions were controversial and criticized by some individuals?--Samusaran253 (talk) 20:23, 30 April 2011 (UTC)

AND FUNDED BY CAPITALIST US BUSINESS INTERESTS LIKE DOLE?

I don't see any "Hawaiian" ethnic names on the list of members too. All Anglo Saxon names. Got white imperialism? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 166.147.72.26 (talk) 18:34, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

"American Response"
In International Response, paragraph 2, sentence 1, it claims that there is an above section titled "American Response". There is no section in the article with that name; however, the response by the US Government can be gathered from earlier in the article. Either this sentence needs to be changed, the section needs to be created, or maybe a link to an existing article needs to be introduced. JMtB03 17:23, 11 July 2015 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by JMtB03 (talk • contribs)

"American and Hawaiian citizens"
and I are in dispute over his recent edit. The article's first sentence previously read

 * The Committee of Safety, formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety, was a 13-member group of the Annexation Club. The group was composed of American and Hawaiian citizens who were members of the Missionary Party, as well as American residents in the Kingdom of Hawaii that planned and carried out the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893.

He edited it to the following:

 * The Committee of Safety, formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety, was a 13-member group of the Annexation Club. The group was composed of Americans, with a few Europeans and foreign nationals naturalized as Hawaiian citizens, who were members of the Missionary Party, as well as American residents in the Kingdom of Hawaii that planned and carried out the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893.

My objections are:

 * Factual. "American and Hawaiian citizens" is a more accurate description of the members of the committee and other leaders of the coup than "Americans, with a few Europeans and foreign nationals naturalized as Hawaiian citizens"; the latter does not properly describe the native-born Hawaiian citizenship of such members as Dole and Thurston.

 * Stylistic. Besides being incomplete/inaccurate, "Americans, with a few Europeans and foreign nationals naturalized as Hawaiian citizens" is far too long for a brief lead.

Rui reverted my revert twice, commenting with the second "How can Hawaii be annexed by Hawaiians? That is just plain nonsensical." I am not sure what he meant by this, but I think he is under the mistaken (but widespread) impression that the Committee of Safety's coup immediately annexed Hawaii to the US. Ylee (talk) 02:32, 26 January 2016 (UTC)

 * There were Germans and British in the Committee of Safety as well so saying American and Hawaiian citizens wouldn't cut it. --KAVEBEAR (talk) 07:22, 26 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Very nice of you to say I reverted you twice while conveniently ommitting the fact that you were the first to revert and that you too reverted twice, being the first to do so. That to me speaks volumes.
 * My objection to the text "group was composed of American and Hawaiian citizens" is that it gives the false impression that these men were Hawaiians who supported the annexation, which is not true. They were not Hawaiians, they were naturalised foreigners and men born of American parents in Hawaii, which does not make them native Hawaiians. So the text cannot be framed in such a manner that it induces the reader to believe that there was native support for the annexation.
 * And as already pointed out, the version that you would like to prevail leaves out the Germans and the British.
 * Yes, I am sure that a more succint wording can be found, but provided that it reflects the facts and does not create ambiguity. Regards. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 11:29, 26 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I did not mean to imply that I had not reverted as well; from the edit I linked to anyone could pull up the complete edit history, after all.

 * Dole and Thurston were Hawaiian citizens, full stop. They were born with Hawaiian citizenship. Given their vital importance to the coup and aftermath—the former becoming president of the new nation after the latter turned down the job—eliding their citizenship would be misleading.

 * I know that by "they were not Hawaiians ... does not make them native Hawaiians" you mean "they were not ethnic Hawaiians". I don't think the lead paragraph of the article is the right place to get into the nuances of the definition of "ethnic Hawaiian" and what that entailed in 1892. That's why the text as it previously stood, "American and Hawaiian citizens", is—by specifying the scope with "citizens"—more satisfactory that than your proposed alternative.

 * That said, is correct in that other nations' citizens also participated. I thus propose as a compromise

 * The group was mostly composed of American and Hawaiian citizens

 * I would also support

 * The group was mostly composed of American and Hawaiian citizens of European descent

 * But, again, I don't think the lead paragraph of the article is the right place to discuss race/ethnicity, as opposed to citizenship, which is much more straightforward. Ylee (talk) 03:26, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

No one is discussing race/ ethnicity. merely making sure that we don't misinform readers into being led to believe that Hawaiians supported the annexation or in any way acted on their behalf. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 09:03, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Your denying that Dole and Thurston are "Hawaiians" implicitly brings up race and ethnicity. I want to keep such out of the lead; that's why "mostly American and Hawaiian citizens"—100% factual and objectively correct—is preferable to your edit. Ylee (talk) 02:38, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I will implement the above edit unless there are objections. Ylee (talk) 10:41, 3 February 2016 (UTC)

YES, there are objections and you have known that all along, and these have been made clear! Besides, I find it preposterous of you to assume that an exchange between you and I constitutes grounds on which to base a decision! Whatever has happened to wide consensus? I thought that was a community pillar. Whatever opinion you might have of yourself, you and I do not constitute "community consensus", so whatever rights you seem to believe you are acting on, I am sorry to say, do not exist. So ,"implement the above edit" in blatant violation of community precepts. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 00:25, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

 * You have not made your objections clear. The discussion has gone like this:

 * Me: Hawaiians were among the members of the Committee of Safety.
 * You: "merely making sure that we don't misinform readers into being led to believe that Hawaiians supported the annexation or in any way acted on their behalf."
 * Me: Thurston and Dole, two important members of the committee, were native born Hawaiian citizens. We should not get into defining Hawaiian ethnicity in the lead. "Mostly American and Hawaiian citizens" is factual and succinct.
 * You: "YES, there are objections and you have known that all along, and these have been made clear!" "No one is discussing race/ ethnicity".
 * Me: Sigh

 * PS - For the record, the edit in question is by you, not anyone else. Ylee (talk) 05:41, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

I again repeat my intention to implement the above discussed "mostly American and Hawaiian citizens" as a compromise. Rui Gabriel Correia refuses to discuss the issue beyond his initial reverts of the reverts of his edit to the existing article, and making non sequiturs when asked to justify his edit. Let me repeat: The edit in question which needs justifying in the face of a dispute is by him, not me. Ylee (talk) 18:39, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Implemented. I believe three weeks is a long-enough time to wait for further discussion of the proposed compromise. Ylee (talk) 05:07, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Committee of Safety (Hawaii)