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Die Hard: Vendetta

Die Hard: Vendetta is a 2002 first-person shooter video game developed by Bits Studios. The game was co-published by Fox Interactive, alongside Vivendi Universal Games International in Europe under their NDA Productions subsidiary, and Sierra Entertainment/Vivendi Universal Games in North America. Taking place after the first three Die Hard films, players take on terrorists as John McClane. Reginald VelJohnson reprises his role as Sgt. Al Powell. McClane's daughter, Lucy, is an L.A.P.D. member in the game.

Die Hard: Vendetta was released for the GameCube in November 2002, and for PlayStation 2 and Xbox in June 2003. The game received mixed reviews from critics.

Gameplay
Vendetta separates itself from other first person shooter games with its puzzle like elements. This includes hostage situations which have multiple outcomes, environmental puzzles and NPC interactions. John McClane can communicate to various NPCs in order to gain advice on how to overcome numerous situations in the game.

McClane can also take enemies hostage which cause other enemy AI to react differently depending on the rank of the hostage. Headshots in the game are rewarded by showing a panoramic camera sequence that uses a 'bullet time' effect (similar to an effect in Max Payne where the last dispatched enemy would have an almost-alike panoramic camera).

The game features an ability called "Hero Time " which allows the player to slow down time whilst retaining their own speed. This can be useful for saving hostages, which is a common theme along the game. When in Hero Time, the musical piece Symphony No. 9 "Ode to Joy" by Beethoven plays. To earn more Hero Time, the player must perform a heroic act such as saving a hostage.

Story
Five years after the events of Die Hard With a Vengeance, John McClane returns to the LAPD task force after an extended absence. After refreshing his skills in a training exercise, McClane goes home to watch the unveiling of a painting that was recovered from an expedition in South America by Piet Gruber (the son of Hans Gruber, the main villain from the first Die Hard film). As the unveiling begins, Lucy (McClane's daughter, now a police officer) witnesses robbers attempting to leave with artwork and gunfire erupts, panicking the crowd. McClane rushes to the Townsend Museum to rescue his daughter. Once there, McClane is notified that the robbers have sealed themselves in and taken hostages, including Lucy. McClane enters the museum and begins his search for the hostages, taking out several criminals in the process. After saving Dick Thornberg and Christopher von Laden (the museum's curator), McClane rescues Lucy.

McClane takes a stroll on Hollywood Boulevard when the chief notifies him of two murders at a diner not far from the former's location. McClane (disguised as a criminal) neutralizes Sergio, the perpetrator of the murders, and takes the latter's membership card, gaining access to the club where Sergio's crew is having a meeting. Quickly dispatching Sergio's men, McClane learns that the stolen artwork is hidden in a Chinese movie theater, and makes his way there. Saving the hostages, McClane dwells into the subways to retrieve the missing artwork. He overhears a conversation between von Lanen (who is secretly in league with Piet) and Jack Frontier, a former U.S. Army soldier and CIA operative turned actor turned criminal for hire. von Laden expresses his concerns about the plan, but Frontier pushes it off and orders him to go into hiding. Retrieving fragments of the artwork, McClane manages to find a distraught von Laden, telling him that Frontier wants the curator dead. The two escape into the city's aqueduct, where Lucy meets up with them and takes von Laden into custody.

McClane returns to the LAPD headquarters, where Piet's men have taken over the entire compound. McClane rescues Thornburg, who happens to try to get an exclusive interview with von Laden. Thornburg informs McClane there are two booby trapped bombs planted in the main entrance doors, and should anyone from the outside attempts a rescue, the headquarters will explode. McClane finds Lucy and an injured von Laden, where the latter tells McClane that Piet and Frontier has plans for him and all of Los Angeles. McClane recruits inmates Herbert Dowd and Nitric to hack into the police's communications system and disarm the explosives at the main entrance. Once the explosives are disarmed, Nitric betrays McClane and escapes. McClane, while in the hot pursuit for Nitric, obtains a suitcase that contains evidence of the art robbery. He confronts Piet, who is holding Captain Al Powell, von Laden, and Thornburg hostage. Lucy appears to aid her father, but is taken hostage by Piet's newest henchman Nitric. Piet kills von Laden, and makes his getaway with Frontier and Nitric in the helicopter.

McClane and the LAPD track the helicopter down to a movie studio in Hollywood. After providing cover for the SWAT team using a sniper, he regroups with them and they recover some of the paintings. McClane ignores their advice to go home and stays to find Lucy. Arriving at a Western-themed set in the studio, McClane and Nitric engage in a shootout, where the former comes out victorious. Al comes and arrests McClane for his unintentional assault on Jessie Montana, a renowned actress whose trailer McClane vandalized while trying to find Lucy.

At the Sierra Correctional Facility, Piet's men stage a jailbreak, and Nitric leaves his cell. Sergio kidnaps the prison warden, opening all the cell doors in the process. McClane leave his cell and arms himself as he attempts to find Nitric and the prison warden. The prison breakout intensifies, and McClane rescues the prison warden, revealing that Nitric is on the roof waiting for a helicopter. McClane finds Nitric and shoots down the latter. Nitric refuses to tell where Lucy at as he dies. Al arrives, and, impressed by McClane's heroics, tells him he can go home.

Following a cryptic tip Nitric gave him before his death, McClane heads to a fish factory near the harbor to find Lucy. Instead, he finds Piet exchanging the paintings for a prototype RDXS Ample with Sumi Kazawa. Marlin, a long time associate of Piet, reveals herself, and they take the rocket to a warehouse in the harbor, with McClane giving follow. Being helped out by two factory workers, he sneaks inside a truck to follow the whereabouts of the rocket and Lucy. As this was going on, Thornburg announces Piet will destroy the Los Angeles International Airport with the experimental missile if the city of Los Angeles does not give him $1 billion by the end of the night.

McClane finds himself outside the city in a warehouse where the missile is prepared to be launched, giving him the mission to destroy ten fuel tanks so the missile launch could be averted. Once successful, McClane finds the disabled rocket, only to be confronted by Frontier. Frontier reveals his plan to betray Piet, whileas he orders Marlin to kill McClane as he leaves to collect the ransom money. After a lengthy gunfight, McClane overcomes Marlin. As she dies, Marlin tells McClane that Piet is taking Lucy to Nakatomi Plaza, the same place where McClane killed Piet's father many years ago.

The LAPD forms a blockade around the plaza just as Al receives a call from McClane. At the same time, Frontier informs him of McClane disabling the rocket. McClane arrives to end the threat once and for all. On the 22nd floor, Piet sets up a trap for McClane, who barely escapes. McClane warns Al to hold off the backup while he goes to the top to rescue Lucy. Fighting his way through Piet's men, McClane finds Lucy at the top floor of the plaza, where she is wearing a vest of explosives triggered to explode if she moves. McClane finds the detonator codes and defuses the explosives, saving his daughter. Lucy takes her father to the roof where Piet and Frontier are waiting for a helicopter to escape. McClane catches up to the two on the helipad, and as Piet is about to shoot McClane dead, Frontier shoots Piet from behind, fulfilling his promise to betray his boss. Lucy comes and guns down Piet. Frontier leaves, but not before McClane grabs the bottom wheel of the helicopter.

Arriving at the Holmes Observatory for the premiere of Galaxy Thief III, McClane deduces Frontier's plot to kill the entire cast of the movie as revenge for his fall from grace. Learning from a wounded security officer that there are five bombs hidden in suitcases rigged to destroy the observatory, McClane rushes inside to save the hostages and disarm the bombs. Once successful, McClane and Frontier engage in a final confrontation. McClane defeats Frontier, and Frontier activates a bomb hidden in his gear. McClane escapes in the nick of time as the observatory explodes, killing Frontier in the process.

McClane reunites with Lucy and Al. Robert Barnes, a film developer, offers McClane a starring role in a movie based on the recent events, but McClane punches him and walks off with his daughter, ending the game.

Development
The game was being developed as an original IP titled Muzzle Velocity featuring a story in which player character Jack, a member of the LAPD SWAT team, is battling an out of control crime wave that the LAPD cannot stop it on its own. After the studio partnered with Fox Interactive, the game shifted to an adaptation of the film Speed 2: Cruise Control. The game would have been primarily set on a boat, though a bus level was also conceived as a nod to the original film. This game was then planned to release in January 1999 for Nintendo 64 and Windows, but due to the movie's critical and commercial failure, both companies decided to switch the project once more to the Die Hard franchise, becoming Die Hard 64. Gameplay wise, the game was to utilize many of the mechanics found in Goldeneye 007. By early 2000, Die Hard 64 was still unfinished, while the next generation of consoles was preparing to release. The studio decided to move the title to GameCube and significantly upgrade the game's TWED engine so they could push the tech into the next gen hardware. On August 30, 2017, a former development team member released playable prototypes of Die Hard 64, up to its latest build.

Reception
The GameCube version received "mixed or average" reviews from critics, according to the review aggregator website Metacritic. Fran Mirabella III of IGN said of the same console version: "From the hostage-taking dynamics to the controls, the experience just feels unpolished. It can be fun, but there are a lot of frustrations that come along with it to sour the experience a little".

title: Die Hard: Vendetta


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Inch Clutha

Inch Clutha is a large, flat island sitting in the delta between the Matau (northern) and Koau (southern) branches of the Clutha River, downstream from the town of Balclutha in the South Island of New Zealand. Approximately 10 km long and 3 km wide, the fertile but flood-prone land of the island is extensively farmed. The island was formed in 1878 after a massive flood changed the course of the Clutha, which had formerly reached the ocean 4 km to the south at Port Molyneux.

The island takes its name from Scots Gaelic, innis meaning "island" and Cluaidh being the Gaelic form of the name of Scotland's River Clyde.

The island is sparsely inhabited, consisting of a handful of farm houses distributed fairly evenly across the island. Only two bridges link the island to the South Island proper, both of them connecting with the Kaitangata Highway (former SH 91), one at the northern end of the island close to Stirling, and the other about one kilometre from Kaitangata. The southwestern shore of the island, along the Koau branch, includes several small oxbow lakes – in the north, close to Finegand, and also some 3 km from the Pacific coast. The northern shore contains no current oxbows, though the Matau branch travels through several large meanders (especially close to Kaitangata) which are likely to eventually become oxbows. In the largest of these, a 3500 m loop of river bends back on itself to create a neck of farmland only some 120 metres wide. At the southern end of the island, a channel links the two branches, separating Inch Clutha from a smaller broad, low-lying barrier islet sitting between it and the Pacific coast. The northern tip of Inch Clutha sits directly across the Clutha River from Balclutha Aerodrome, on the southern edge of the town. The first settlers moved there in 1848 forming a small community.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Inch Clutha


text: User talk:69.92.112.69

title: User talk:69.92.112.69


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User talk:Chatni

Hi, welcome to wikipedia! However, I'm going to have to ask you not to remove all the content from pages (such as Mahmoud Ahmad and M. F. Mughal) unless you've got good reasoning for it - put that on the article's talk page or in the edit summary. Have fun contributing constructive knowledge to WP, instead Sam Vimes 09:24, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Hello! When adding categories, always remember that if someone is in a sub-category of a highre level category, you should only add the former. For example, Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan has Category:Military of Pakistan as one of its parent categories, so you only need to place someone in Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan, not in both. I hope that that's clear... --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 12:19, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Sources for images
Several images of yours, namely Image:BhuttoZ.jpg, Image:Funeral prayer for Bhutto.jpg, Image:Sheikh riaz.jpg, Image:Aden.jpg and Image:Soomro.jpg haven't got a source on their respective image description page. Please provide sources for all of them, or they will have to be deleted in seven days. Soothing R  20:26, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:BhuttoZ.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BhuttoZ.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  howch e  ng   {chat} 19:41, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:BhuttoInUSA.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:BhuttoInUSA.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. User:Angr 08:06, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chatni


text: User talk:69.167.2.25

title: User talk:69.167.2.25


text:
To the Ends of the Earth

To the Ends of the Earth is a trilogy of nautical, relational novels—Rites of Passage (1980), Close Quarters (1987), and Fire Down Below (1989)—by British author William Golding. Set on a former British man-of-war transporting migrants to Australia in the early 19th century, the novels explore themes of class and man's reversion to savagery when isolated, in this case, the closed society of the ship's passengers and crew.

The first of the books, Rites of Passage, was awarded the Booker Prize in 1980. The trilogy as a whole was adapted by the late Leigh Jackson and Tony Basgallop for a 2005 BBC drama mini-series of the same name, directed by David Attwood and starring Benedict Cumberbatch. It aired in the United States in PBS' 2006 season of Masterpiece Theatre. It became available in 2016 on Netflix and Hulu streaming.

Rites of Passage

Rites of Passage (1980) is an account of a six-month voyage to Australia in the early 19th century by an assorted group of British migrants on a converted man-of-war. It is in the form of a journal written by Edmund Talbot, a young aristocrat. His influential godfather has arranged for him to be employed with the Governor of New South Wales, and presents Talbot with a journal to record the significant events of the journey. He considers it a time of reflection for the young man. Talbot begins by describing the passengers of all classes (getting a tour of the ship) and crew members, who encompass a motley yet representative collection of early 19th-century English society. He becomes concerned with the downfall of passenger Reverend Colley.

Talbot has a somewhat ambiguous role in Colley's fall; although he quickly assumes a mediator's role between the Reverend and Captain Anderson, initially he had presumed on his status by going on the quarterdeck without the captain's express invitation, about which the latter man was protective. Colley dies “of shame” after getting drunk and performing a sex act on one of the ship's crew. When one of the crew suggests officers were involved, the captain ends his investigation of Colley's death, as "buggery" (homosexual intercourse) is punishable by hanging. Talbot comes across Colley's journal, and feels guilty for seeing how eager Colley was to know him better. Colley is given a formal burial at sea. As the novel closes, Talbot is ambivalent about presenting his own journal to his godfather, as he fears it may not show him in the best light. He concludes that he does not have a choice, and eventually he seals the journal, in order to protect what he has written.

Rites of Passage won the 1980 Booker Prize.

Close Quarters
Golding begins Close Quarters (1987) from Talbot's point of view and soon after he completed his first journal on the 6-month voyage to Australia. Talbot starts a new journal in a different tone, as this volume will not be presented to his godfather. He describes his romantic feelings for a young woman whom he meets on a different ship they encounter, HMS Alcyone. Feeling ill, he expresses his fears about the seaworthiness of his own ship and its ability to complete the journey. The book has a more traditional structure, with chapter breaks at dramatic moments (rather than the day-by-day account presented in Rites).

Fire Down Below
Fire Down Below (1989) closed the trilogy with a description of the ever-more perilous voyage (given the old ship and old charts); of Talbot's maturing and his growing admiration for the Prettimans, a married couple; of the rivalry between the two principal officers, Summers and Benét, for Captain Anderson's respect and trust; and of the conclusion to Edmund's affaire de coeur with Miss Chumley. Much detail is given to the increasingly frantic measures to repair the ship and reach Australia.

Literary themes
Rites of Passage is characterized by the theme of class division, in particular, the assumption of a higher status by individuals than is warranted. The leitmotiv of proper gentlemanly conduct is explored in the often stormy friendship of Talbot with Lieutenant Summers, who presses him to live up to his responsibilities as an aristocrat after he has taken advantage of its privilege. Summers sometimes feels slighted by Talbot's ill-considered comments and advice. Rites explores the cruelties of men in groups, and the tensions as they struggle over status and place in their artificial society on the ship.

Miniseries adaptation
In 2005 the books were adapted as a BBC drama serial starring Benedict Cumberbatch. Named To The Ends of the Earth, the series was directed by David Attwood and received a very good critical reception. The series went on to be nominated for six BAFTAs, and won both the Golden Nymph prize for best actor in a mini-series (awarded to Benedict Cumberbatch) and the winner of the Satellite Award for best mini-series.

title: To the Ends of the Earth


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Talk:James II of Scotland

Untitled
I thought the Black Dinner took place in 1440? David.Monniaux 09:28, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This seems to lend support. Noisy | Talk 15:01, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

James the Gross
James the Gross was Earl of Douglas, not Earl of Buchan. 'To be a Douglas and be Gross withall, You shall not find such another among them all.'

The Black Dinner was held at Edinburgh Castle in November 1440, not Stirling. 'Edinburgh Castle, Town and Tower, God grant ye sink for sin, And that even for the Black Dinner Earl Douglas got therin.' Rcpaterson 23:23, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Douglas Power
I would be pleased to know who the 'some' are who have argued that James stood in danger of losing the throne? The section on James' struggle with the house of Douglas is, quite frankly, all over the place. Who, for example, are the mysterious 'opponents' who repeatedly forced the king to back down? This page is crying out for a rewrite. I will return, MacArthur style, as soon as I have attended to one or two other matters.Rcpaterson 23:17, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Older twin?
Can someone please explain how an infant (in this case, James' twin brother, Alexander) can be knighted? Alexander was given the TITLE of Duke of Rothesay, but that's not a knighthood, is it? The Wiki article on Duke of Rothesay doesn't mention any connection with knighthood. Furthermore, the Wiki article on James I mentions that an Alexander Stewart was knighted on James' coronation day, but that was a cousin (and took place several years before Alexander and James were born). 155.82.249.253 (talk) 14:07, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

8th child?
"James married Mary of Gueldres at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on 3 July 1449. They had seven children:"

An eighth name was added to the list: John Stewart of Sticks (Illegitimate)(d.c. 1460). Seems to me that he either was not illegitimate, in which case the "seven" should be changed to "eight" and "illegitimate" should be removed; or he was the illegitimate son of an unnamed mistress, in which case he should be listed separately from the children of Mary of Gueldres. Anyone know which is true? LarryJeff (talk) 21:21, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure it's not the former. There's also the third possibility that this gentleman doesn't exist, or wasn't a son of James II at all. john k (talk) 23:32, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes Sir John Stewart of Sticks was an illegitimate son of James II and bought the land of Stix near Dunkeld. He got a charter for the lands from his half-brother James III. --Bill Reid | (talk) 09:56, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Date of coronation
This article states that James was coronated on 25 March 1437. However, List of British coronations says it was 26 March, so which is the correct date and could someone who knows correct the incorrect one? /Ludde23 Talk Contrib 15:01, 9 April 2013 (UTC)

Birthdates of children
Norman Macdougall, James iii, 1982, has different birthdates for the children. E.g. he says Mary was likely born in spring 1451, and James iii late may 1452. Are the sources for the current datings correct? 1f2 (talk) 23:38, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:James II of Scotland


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Trish McKelvey

Patricia Frances McKelvey (born 5 January 1942), often known as Trish McKelvey, is a New Zealand former cricketer, cricket administrator and educator. She appeared in 15 Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1966 and 1982. She also appeared in 6 One Day Internationals for International XI at the 1973 World Cup. She played domestic cricket for Wellington and Otago.

Early life
McKelvey was born in Lower Hutt in 1942. She was educated at Wellington Girls' College from 1955 to 1959, where she was captain of both the senior 'A' netball and 1st XI cricket teams.

Cricket career
She played 15 Test matches for New Zealand, captaining the side in all of them. The record was two wins, three defeats and ten draws. Her Test career spanned the period 1966 to 1979, and included Tests against not only traditional rivals England and Australia, but also against South Africa and India. The three-Test tour of South Africa in 1971–72, which was won 1–0, was the last official representative match any South African cricket team, men's or women's, would play for 18 years as teams boycotted South Africa because of the apartheid regime.

McKelvey scored 699 Test runs at an average of 29.12, with a highest score of 155*. She also captained New Zealand in all 15 One Day Internationals she played in, winning seven, losing seven, with one tie. McKelvey also played for the International XI in the 1973 Women's Cricket World Cup, finishing fourth out of seven teams.

McKelvey's 15 Tests as captain means she has captained New Zealand more times than the next two women in the list combined. As of July 2005, she remains the only New Zealand women's Test captain to have won a Test match.

In 1992, McKelvey became the first woman board member of New Zealand Cricket. She has also served on the board of Bowls New Zealand.

Education career
Outside of cricket, McKelvey had a distinguished career in education. She trained as a physical education teacher and taught at Hutt Valley Memorial College, Solway College and Wellington High School. She was principal of Wellington High School for seven years, retiring in 1994. She has since served on the boards of other educational institutions, including being a member of the Council of Victoria University of Wellington from 2007 to 2012 and chair of The Correspondence School board of trustees.

Honours
McKelvey was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to women's cricket, in the 1981 Queen's Birthday Honours. In the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to education.

title: Trish McKelvey


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Johann Heinrich Sulzer

Johann Heinrich Sulzer (18 September 1735, Winterthur – 14 August 1813, Winterthur ) was a Swiss physician and entomologist.

He studied medicine at the University of Tübingen and later started a medical practice in Winterthur. As a physician he distinguished himself in his work with smallpox vaccinations. In the field of entomology, he was the author of:
 * Die Kennzeichen der Insekten, nach Anleitung des Königl. Schwed. Ritters und Leibarzts Karl Linnaeus, (...) (1761) – The characteristics of insects, according to the instructions of Carl Linnaeus.
 * Abgekürzte Geschichte der Insecten nach dern Linaeischen System (1776) – Abbreviated history of insects according to the Linnaean System.

References and external links

 * BHL Digitised works by Sulzer at Biodiversity Heritage Library.

title: Johann Heinrich Sulzer


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Wayne Enterprises

Wayne Enterprises, Inc., also known as WayneCorp and Wayne Industries, is a formerly wealthy fictional company appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Wayne Enterprises is a large, growing multinational company.

The American diversified multinational conglomerate is owned and chaired by Bruce Wayne, the son of Thomas and Martha Wayne. Wayne Enterprises is based out of Gotham City and headquartered in Wayne Tower.

Wayne Enterprises and the Wayne Foundation are largely run by Bruce Wayne's business manager, Lucius Fox. Fox makes most company decisions on Bruce Wayne's behalf, since Wayne's time is largely occupied by his duties as the vigilante, Batman.

Wayne Enterprises has been presented in films and television as a business conglomerate, modeled after the standards of a multinational company. In the 2020 storyline "Joker War", the Joker became the rightful owner of the company, and proceeded to waste the Wayne Fortune by waging a war on Gotham City. Although Catwoman was able to recover the money, she gave it to Lucius Fox, who now holds the Wayne Fortune to keep it in safe hands. As the federal government blamed Bruce Wayne for financing Batman and Batman Inc in causing the "Joker War" they are watching the money held by Fox. Fox can return the money to Bruce Wayne but as it is being monitored he cannot use it for his activities as Batman. At present Lucius is trying to find a legal way to return Bruce's fortune to him.

The logo is modeled after Merck KGAA

Company History
Founded by merchant ancestors of the dead Wayne family in the 17th century as a merchant house, it is among the oldest companies in the DC Universe. The company began as a dozen businesses started by brothers Judge Solomon Wayne and Joshua Wayne. With the revenue generated Judge Wayne essentially built Gotham City by hiring Cyrus Pinkney.

Judge Wayne's son and heir, Alan Wayne, officially made it a corporate company in the 19th century. Alan Wayne, who was Bruce Wayne's great-great-grandfather, erected Wayne Shipping, Wayne Chemical, and Wayne Manufacturing. All these companies were energized by the world's Industrial Revolution; more branches were created and diversified while others dwindled and subsequently dissolved. Along the years, it has developed from a merchant house to a large multinational conglomerate company in the DC Universe; exceeding LexCorp, Stagg Enterprises, and Ferris Aircraft.

Under the control of Patrick and Laura Wayne, Wayne Enterprises became a "green company" and environmentally conscious from that time forward.

When Bruce Wayne returned from the past, after a final battle with Darkseid, he revealed that he had been publicly funding Batman for years and founded Batman Inc. to publicly fund Batman's allies throughout the world.

Following the end of the Joker War, Wayne Enterprises officially shut down Batman Inc. as a result of Bruce Wayne's choice to publicly fund Batman. Lucius Fox officially regained control of the Wayne fortune but warned Bruce that even if he did return his wealth to him, he would no longer be able to use the companies to fund his crusade as Batman as the board of directors would be monitoring the money. The board also set about attempting to remove Bruce Wayne from active participation within the company and simply pay him a large amount to fund his playboy lifestyle. Lucius Fox is attempting to fight the situation on Wayne's behalf and return his fortune to him with no legal ramifications. This has resulted in Bruce personal wealth status from a billionaire to a millionaire,

Wayne Tower
Within the DC Universe, Wayne Tower is the headquarters of Wayne Enterprises. Also called "Old Wayne Tower" and "Wayne Industries Headquarters"; it was built in 1888 by Alan Wayne. After its construction, the tower was the tallest building in Gotham City. Built as a symbol to welcome all of those who enter the city, Wayne Tower has 13 gargoyles or "guardians", which Alan Wayne insisted they be called, welcome visitors for each of the 13 entry points into the city. The five guardians on the first tier watch the original five gateways into Gotham, the three bridges and two tunnels. Higher up, the seven guardians watch the seven train lines that converge at Union Station below the tower's base. A 13th guardian was added in 1930 and sits in the middle of the tower. This last one, added by Henry Wayne, watches the airport and cannot be seen by elevator or from the deck.

At the top of the tower is an observation deck which Alan Wayne asserted be open to the public for free every weekend. It has double bonded laminated float glass for windows that are crystal-quality, weatherproof, and unbreakable.

Wayne Foundation
The Wayne Foundation is the holding company for the Thomas Wayne Foundation and the Martha Wayne Foundation; it is the largest transparently operated private foundation within the DC Universe. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, the arts and humanities: to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology, and to fund scientific research and help altruistic people with research by providing facilities and training.

The foundation has its own building, called the Wayne Foundation Building, which includes a penthouse where Bruce Wayne lived for a period of time. It also has a secret elevator that leads to a matching Batcave in a secret sub-basement under the building.

Through the Wayne Foundation and the affiliated organizations underneath, Bruce Wayne addresses social-economic problems encouraging crime, assists victims of crimes, and maintains connections to the streets through the soup kitchens and social services groups; all of which augments his crime fighting efforts in a way that his Batman persona cannot. This arrangement also provides a large network of connections in the world of charities. He finds out about the newest trends, sciences and the arts.

Thomas Wayne Foundation
The Thomas Wayne Foundation is a foundation for medicine and medical help. This foundation gives annual awards for medical breakthroughs and lifelong commitment, similar to the Nobel Foundation. The Thomas Wayne Foundation is also responsible for funding the Thomas Wayne Memorial Clinic in Park Row, Gotham's infamous Crime Alley. The foundation funds and runs dozens of clinics in Gotham. Bruce Wayne's surrogate mother, Dr. Leslie Thompkins, runs the Memorial Clinic in Crime Alley and governed the other clinics until she left Gotham.

Martha Wayne Foundation
The Martha Wayne Foundation is a patron and supporter of arts, families, education, and tolerance. The foundation supports and helps to run a number of orphanages and free schools, and provides teachers for those who have learning difficulties. Artists can apply for grants from the foundation to help support them in furthering the arts. The foundation sponsors companies like Family Finders. Family Finders is an organization directed at finding lost people and uniting families. The Martha Wayne Foundation also sponsors and runs dozens of soup kitchens within the city.

Bat Bunker
Under the Wayne Foundation building, there is a secret bunker, which is similar to the secret bunker of New Babylon in The Hague. As of Batman #687, Dick Grayson has taken to using this as his "Batcave," stating that he wishes to embody the role of Batman in a way that is specific to him as well as getting closer to the action in the city. The bunker is as well-equipped as the original Batcave, including the Subway Rocket vehicle (which is Grayson's favorite means of transport during the Prodigal storyline) stationed beneath the bunker.

DC Animated Universe

 * In Batman: The Animated Series and The New Batman Adventures, Wayne Enterprises was run by both Bruce Wayne and Lucius Fox. Attempts at taking over the company were made by rival companies, including Roland Daggett of Daggett Industries. After GothCorp's CEO Ferris Boyle was arrested, Wayne Enterprises helped keep GothCorp running, essentially taking over the company from Boyle. Wayne Enterprises once partnered with LexCorp for the development of cybernetic scouting drones, the Waynelexes, but Bruce terminated the contract after Lex Luthor created several large-scale military prototypes, violating the joint approval clause stipulated in their agreement, as well as his involvement in the Joker's rampage on Metropolis. Wayne Enterprises also hired Arnold Wesker after his release from Arkham Asylum, and funded an organ transplant operation to cure Nora Fries of her terminal illness.
 * In Batman Beyond, a now-elderly Bruce Wayne defended against numerous hostile takeovers by shrewd industrialist Derek Powers of Powers Technology. However, sometime after Bruce retired as Batman, Powers succeeded in merging the two companies, creating Wayne-Powers Enterprises. However, Bruce and Powers remain having a power struggle over the company, with Wayne, despite having no official leverages against Powers, still having allies working to help him regain control including Lucius Fox's family, leading to Fox's son Lucius's (the second) firing and later founding the company Foxteca, which it becomes Wayne-Powers's corporate rival. Powers used the company's resources for many illegal business transactions, including making biological weapons for other nations. After Powers' criminal identity as Blight was revealed, his son Paxton took over as CEO. Paxton was soon arrested after attempting to murder Bruce and for several major art thefts, in addition to the numerous scandals that plagued the Powers family, and Bruce finally reclaimed the company.

Arrowverse
Wayne Enterprises appears on the CW's Arrowverse.
 * In the pilot of the CW's live-action TV series The Flash, a spin-off of Arrow, a newspaper article from the future tells of a Wayne Tech/Queen Incorporated merger being completed in 2024.
 * It appears in the second part (Arrow) of the Elseworlds crossover, in which Wayne Enterprises is run by Kate Kane in Gotham City, although the company has gone downhill after Bruce Wayne and Batman vanished three years ago and the board of directors made a series of bad investments. The exterior and lobby of Chicago's Carbide & Carbon Building (at the time, the St. Jane Hotel) portray the firm's seemingly derelict and largely abandoned headquarters.
 * The building appears in the series Batwoman as a base of operations for Kate and Luke Fox with a Batcave. Chicago's Board of Trade Building once again serves as the Wayne Enterprises headquarters, looking much as it did in Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight Trilogy. Following the Crisis on Infinite Earth's restart of the multiverse by Oliver Queen/Spectre, in the new universe Wayne Enterprise never underwent the bad investments or bankrupted as a result and is still a thriving company. However Batman/Bruce Wayne has still disappeared for parts unknown. After Kate Kane's return she makes Ryan Wilder the second Batwoman the acting CEO while she travel's the world. She is briefly ousted as part of a corporate takeover organised by rival CEO Jada Jet, who seeks the company's resources to help cure her psychopathic son Marquis of an illness he contracted after a confrontation with the Joker. However, after Marquis's true nature is exposed, Ryan and her allies are able to retake control of the company.

Other

 * In an episode of the Teen Titans animated series, when Robin defected to Slade, the remaining four Titans fought against Robin on top of a Wayne Enterprises building in the series' main location, Jump City, destroying the letters "A" and "Y" in the process.
 * Wayne Enterprises appears in The Batman under the name Wayne Industries. In "The Big Heat," Wayne Industries competed against GothCorp for the handling of the Children's Hospital. Although GothCorp won the City Council's vote, the decision was overturned when Batman revealed that GothCorp hired Firefly to commit industrial sabotage against its competitors. The Children's Hospital contract was then awarded to Wayne Industries.
 * The Metropolis division of Wayne Enterprises is briefly seen in the Young Justice episode "Schooled". The episode "Infiltrator" features the Philadelphia branch of Waynetech, which is attacked by swarm of nanites unleashed by the League of Shadows.
 * Wayne Enterprises has been featured in several episodes of Gotham. A young Bruce Wayne begins investigating the corruption at the company, and finds out his father Thomas Wayne was aware of their criminal dealings, although was investigating them prior to his death. The company is mentioned several times during the second season and plays a background role to the goings on. On behalf of the Order of St. Dumas, Mayor Theo Galavan attempts to get Bruce's 51% share of the company in exchange of giving information about his parents' killer, but the deal falls through when Galavan is arrested by James Gordon. Later in the season it is revealed that the Court of Owls run the company, and are looking for a way to bring back the dead using Hugo Strange who carries out inhumane experiments at the Wayne Enterprises division Indian Hill. In the third season, Bruce dedicates himself to removing the Court of Owl's influence. Sensei has the Court of Owl's leaders killed as a way to make Bruce join the League of Assassins by granting his wish. From the fourth season onward, Bruce is in full control of Wayne Enterprises without the influence of any criminal organizations. After Bruce Wayne returned after ten years of training to fight crime a brand new Wayne Enterprise's tower is nearing completion and to be officially opened after the old building was destroyed during "No Man's Land" incident.
 * Wayne Enterprises appears in the TV series Powerless; in the series, Wayne Enterprises is the parent company of Wayne Security, the company for which the series' central characters work.

Film

 * In the 1966 film Batman, Bruce Wayne is presented as head of the Wayne Foundation, which is described as a world-renowned organization dedicated to peace and understanding among nations.

Batman Anthology

 * In the 1989 film Batman, no mention is made of any family company owned by Bruce Wayne. In the beginning of the film at the Harvey Dent Press Dinner, there is a seat for Bruce Wayne, which is empty (because he is busy working as Batman), suggesting that he funded Dent's campaign. In the casino scene in Wayne Manor, Vicki Vale asks him what he does for a living, and he is about to answer, but is interrupted by Alfred.
 * In the 1992 sequel Batman Returns, still no mention is made of Wayne Enterprises in any capacity. However, Bruce is shown attending a meeting with Max Shreck, suggesting that he is known as a stockholder with holdings in various companies.
 * In the 1995 film Batman Forever, Wayne Enterprises was finally presented in the series, with Bruce Wayne serving as head of the entire company (CEO), while Fred Stickley was head of the research department until being murdered by Edward Nygma, an employee in that department. Bruce also has a transport tunnel behind his desk in the main office that transports him back to Wayne Manor. In the deleted scenes, the Wayne foundation is mentioned by Bruce and Alfred.
 * In the 1997 sequel Batman & Robin, Wayne Enterprises was revealed to have been funding Dr. Jason Woodrue's research only to withdraw it when Bruce realized his intentions. It is when Poison Ivy finds a beaker with the Wayne Enterprises logo on it that causes her to travel to Gotham City. The company is briefly mentioned again later during the donation of the giant telescope for the Gotham Observatory, which Mr. Freeze later turns into a giant freezing weapon.

The Dark Knight Trilogy

 * In Batman Begins, board member William Earle (Rutger Hauer) takes over the company after the deaths of Thomas and Martha Wayne. He assures Bruce that the company will be in good hands until he is old enough to claim it. However, after Bruce's disappearance, Earle has Bruce declared legally dead so he can carry on his plan of turning Wayne Enterprises into an open capital company. However, due to Bruce's act of leaving all his money and assets to Alfred, Earle was unable to liquidate his majority shareholding which would have allowed for a complete takeover. When Bruce finally returns to Gotham, he does not show obvious interest in reclaiming the family business. He is given a generous trust fund to live off. Instead, he chooses to work in Applied Sciences, using it and his coworker Lucius Fox to provide him with high-tech equipment. He takes gear originally made for military use, including body armor and a prototype armored vehicle, and uses them to create equipment for his war on crime. At the film's end when Wayne Enterprises becomes a public corporation, Bruce reveals he has become majority shareholder by purchasing the shares through various shell companies he established using his trust fund. He then fires Earle and installs Fox as the active CEO. According to Forbes ' 25 Largest Fictional Companies, Wayne Enterprises had estimated sales of $31.3 billion in 2007. Wayne Tower is portrayed by the Chicago Board of Trade Building.
 * Wayne Enterprises appears in Batman: Gotham Knight (which takes place between Batman Begins and The Dark Knight) specifically in "Crossfire" with Fox showcasing his new gyroscopic electromagnetic sensor that can deflect small arms fire to Bruce.
 * In The Dark Knight, Fox remains as the CEO of Wayne Enterprises. The company's research and development department has produced specialized fabrics and materials, electromagnetic gyroscopic navigational satellite systems (as shown on Batman: Gotham Knight), antihemorrhagic agent, radiation stamping technology, and rotor blades made of metal composites that have low radar signature and special acoustic design. As in Batman Begins, Bruce continues to utilize the resources of his company to aid his vigilante work as Batman. For example, he has Fox arrange a business meeting with a Chinese mogul Lau (Chin Han) to "get a closer look" at Lau's business practices and confirm his own suspicions that Lau and his company, LSI Holdings, had been cooperating with the Gotham underworld in money laundering schemes. He also had Fox build components for his new Batsuit. Batman also has used the company's radiation stamping technology to lightly irradiate a large quantity of money for Gordon and his detectives to use to track the mobs' money and identify the banks that are aiding them. Later on, Batman uses a sonar technology developed by Fox to track down and capture the Joker. In addition, a subplot of the film involves Wayne Enterprises' fiduciary Coleman Reese (Joshua Harto), who accidentally discovers Bruce Wayne's identity as Batman while reviewing the company's budget when he uncovers blueprints for the Tumblers, and attempts to blackmail Bruce and Fox. Fox gets Reese to back down by questioning his decision to blackmail a man he believes to be a violent vigilante. Later, Bruce "accidentally" saves Reese from the Joker's attention. Ultimately, Reese does not reveal his discovery and resigns from Wayne Enterprises. By this point in time, Wayne Tower is represented by 330 North Wabash.
 * By the time of The Dark Knight Rises, Wayne Enterprises is depicted to be in tough times after the company invests huge sums of money into researching a new fusion power project, but Bruce Wayne subsequently mothballs it due to concerns that the resulting fusion reactor could be weaponised. A series of investments falsely made by Bane in Bruce's name puts Wayne Enterprises further into financial ruin, opening an opportunity for business magnate John Daggett to buy the company. Bruce enlists Miranda Tate and her wealth to buy controlling interest in the company which helps him save it and to protect the nuclear reactor by supporting her as the new chair and CEO of the company, unaware that she was Ra's al Ghul's true child and he was therefore giving her everything she needed to complete her plan. With her and Bruce's eventual deaths, all of his assets and majority share holding are placed in trust and sold to pay his debts. As a result, the company continues to run and the position of CEO is returned to Fox. The Wayne Foundation was also mentioned as sponsoring a Gotham City orphanage, where Detective John Blake was raised, and whose funding was cut following the company's fall from profitability.

DC Extended Universe

 * During the film Man of Steel, General Zod destroys a satellite, which has the Wayne Enterprises logo on it. The Wayne Enterprises logo is the same one used in The Dark Knight Trilogy.
 * In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a subsidiary of Wayne Enterprises, called Wayne Financial appears and features a different logo. A Wayne Tower based in Metropolis is destroyed during the events of Man of Steel.
 * In Suicide Squad, Wayne Enterprises is responsible for creating the explosive devices used to control Task Force X. In the film, the Joker breaks into a Wayne Enterprises facility to abduct Dr. Van Criss to defuse Harley Quinn's explosive.
 * In Wonder Woman, both an armored truck and employees featuring the Wayne Enterprises logo deliver to Diana the original version of a photo that features her, Steve Trevor and their companions during Diana's exploits in World War I.
 * In The Flash, the R&D department at Wayne Enterprise's attempted to clear up and enhance the security footage of Henry Allen at a market to prove his alibi that he did not kill his wife Nora Allen. Bruce Wayne also assigned a number of the companies lawyers to assist in Henry's case.

Joker
Wayne Enterprises appears in the film Joker as Wayne Investments where three employees of the company attack Arthur Fleck/Joker at a Gotham City subway train until he kills all three of them. The company's CEO Thomas Wayne, his wife Martha Wayne and their son Bruce Wayne appear as well with the former being the mayor of Gotham City until he is killed alongside his spouse during a riot.

The Batman
In The Batman, the Wayne family moved into Wayne Tower after Thomas Wayne had Wayne Manor turned into an orphanage. Bruce would use the Tower's forgotten subway station as his base of operations. It was represented by the Tribune Tower in Chicago.

Video games

 * Wayne Enterprises Tower appears in DC Universe Online. It is located in the Diamond District while the original Wayne Enterprises building is located in East End.

Batman: Arkham

 * Wayne Enterprises Tower appears in the Batman: Arkham games – Batman: Arkham Asylum, Arkham City, Arkham Origins, and Arkham Knight. In the first game, Wayne Enterprises is the answer to one of Riddler's riddles: "Gotham's greatest family towers over the city". In the fourth game, Wayne Enterprises can be visited either by travelling to the top of the building via Bat-Grapple or entering the underground parking garage in the Batmobile, allowing Batman to talk with Lucius (Who is clearly aware of his identity in this continuity). One mission includes Tommy Elliot attempting to take control of the company by entering the building after giving himself plastic surgery to resemble Bruce Wayne, but this plan fails as the computers will only respond to a retinal scan from Bruce, with Elliot's attempt to take Lucius Fox hostage backfiring when Batman intervenes. Following the supposed death of Bruce Wayne, it is revealed that Lucius Fox now owns all of Wayne Enterprises.

Lego Batman

 * Wayne Enterprises' research labs serves as one of the villain levels in Lego Batman: The Video Game, during which Riddler and Two-Face break into them to steal a prototype laser weapon.
 * Wayne Tower appears in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes. It is seen being attacked by the team of Lex Luthor and The Joker until the Justice League stopped them from destroying it. It was rebuilt afterwards.

title: Wayne Enterprises


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Safwan, Iraq

Safwan (صفوان, Kurdish: سەفووان, sêfûan) is a town in southeast Iraq on the border with Kuwait. It was the site of the Safwan Air Base.

Etymology
The city of Safwan is attributed to its founder Safwan bin Assal Al Muradi Al Yamani, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who participated in the conquest of Iraq in the middle ages. He settled in Kufa, northeast of Najaf at first but then moved to Safwan, south of Basra along with his tribe who later named the city in his name.

Safwan is also part of the Az Zubayr district south of Basra and has a population of 70,000 people.

During Muhammad's era
Muhammad ordered a Military expedition in Safwan. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri rustled some grazing cattle belonging to Muslims. It occurred directly after the Invasion of Waddan in the year 2 AH of the Islamic calendar. The expedition was ordered by Muhammad after he received intelligence that Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri rustled some grazing cattle belonging to Muslims. Therefore, Muhammad directed about 70 Muslims, who chased him to Safwan, at the outskirts of Badr. But Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri managed to escape.

Persian Gulf War
Safwan is located in the south of Iraq at Iraqi Kuwaiti border, along the infamous Highway of Death from the Gulf War. The cease-fire negotiations between General Norman Schwarzkopf and the Iraqi delegation led by Lieutenant General Sultan Hashim Ahmad took place at Safwan airfield. Schwarzkopf's demand to hold the formal cease-fire negotiations in Iraqi territory led to the encounter between the 1st squadron, 4th Cavalry regiment (Quarterhorse) from Ft. Riley, Ks. of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) and the Iraqi Republican Guard, known in military circles as The Ultimatum. This was detailed in the books Third Graders At War and Road to Safwan.

title: Safwan, Iraq


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Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria

The Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria was a nominal patriarchate of the Latin church on the see of Alexandria in Egypt.

Origins
Alexandria, the ancient great port of Egypt and a first-rank Mediterranean metropolis in the Hellenistic world, was an influential early Christian diocese. It was founded, according to Church tradition, by Saint Mark the Evangelist. The First Council of Nicaea ranked it after Rome, while the Greek fathers of the Council of Chalcedon tried in canon 28 to demote it, giving it third place after Constantinople, although Pope Leo I of Rome rejected this canon. However, following the same council, the patriarchate was claimed by two parties: a Greek patriarch who adhered to the dogmatic definitions of Chalcedon and a Coptic Miaphysite patriarch who rejected them. The Greek patriarch had little pastoral control over Christians in the patriarchate as most Christians soon accepted the Coptic Church as the true church.

While part of the Byzantine Empire and under Islamic domination, the Chalcedonian patriarch always followed the Byzantine rite, while the non-Chalcedonian patriarch followed the Coptic rite. The Greek patriarch of Alexandria remained in communion with the See of Rome despite the rupture of communion between Rome and Constantinople in 1054. In fact, the bishop of Rome and Greek bishop of Alexandria commemorated each other in their diptychs until the early 14th century. Thus, while in 1215, during the pontificate of Pope Innocent III, there were Latin patriarchs, rivaling or replacing the Greek ones in the formerly Crusader held cities of Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem, Greek Patriarch Mark III of Alexandria was invited and sent representatives to participate in the Fourth Lateran Council.

Patriarch in Rome
Records of a Latin patriarch of Alexandria begin only in the 14th century. The position was merely titular since the bishop never occupied the See. His patriarchal cathedral in Rome was the papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Many incumbents would hold residential (arch)episcopal posts of various ranks in Catholic countries, and even (earlier and/or later) other Titular Latin patriarchates (Jerusalem, Constantinople). The titular see would have its share of disputed nominations during the papal schism in Avignon.

Since 1724, the Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East holds the title of patriarch of Alexandria. In 1895, the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria was established out of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria. Thus, there remains a patriarch of Alexandria for the Catholic Church.

Supression
The titular Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria was left vacant in 1954 and suppressed in January 1964 along with those of Antioch and Constantinople. It was no longer mentioned in the Vatican yearbook (rather than being announced as being abolished). This was after Pope Paul VI met with Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople, showing the Latin Church by this point was more interested in reconciliation with the Eastern Church, abolishing the titular title.

Latin patriarchs of Alexandria

 * Atanasio Chiaramonte (Athanasius) (1276 – death ?1310)
 * Unknown
 * Egidio da Ferrara (Giles), Dominican Order (O.P.) (1311.10.15 – 1323), previously Patriarch of Grado (northern Italy, 1296.05.11 – 1311.10.15)
 * Oddone Sala (Otho), O.P. (1323.06.26 – death 1325.05.03), also Apostolic Administrator of Territorial Abbacy of Montecassino (Benedictine, central Italy) (1323.06.06 – 1325.05.03); previously Bishop of Terralba (Italy) (1300 – 1302), Bishop of Pula (Croatia) (1302 – 1308), Metropolitan Archbishop of Oristano (Italy) (1308 – 1312.05.10), Metropolitan Archbishop of Pisa (Italy) (1312.05.10 – 1323.06.26)
 * Juan (John), Infante (royal prince) of Kingdom of Aragon (1328.08.27 – death 1334.08.19); also Apostolic Administrator of Tarragona (Aragonian, Spain) (1328.08.17 – 1334.08.19); previously Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo (Spain) (1319.11.14 – 1328.08.17)
 * Guillaume de Chanac (1342.09.27 – death 1348), previously Bishop of Paris (France) (1332.08.13 – 1342.09.27)
 * Humbert II, Dauphin of Vienne, O.P. (1351 – death 1355.05.22), also Apostolic Administrator of Reims (Champagne, northern France) (1352.04.30 – 1355.05.22)
 * Arnaud Bernard du Pouget (Arnaldo Bernardi) (1361.06.16 – death 1368.09.22), also Apostolic Administrator of Montauban (France) (1361 – 1368.09.30?); previously Metropolitan Archbishop of Aix (southern France) (1348.08.14 – 1361.06.16); created Cardinal-Priest with no Title assigned (like a modern Cardinal-Patriarch would rank as Cardinal-bishop without titular church on account of his patriarchal see) (1368.09.22 – 1368.09.30?), and nominated Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera (1368.09.22 – 1368.09.30?)
 * uncanonical Jean de Cardaillac (1371.07.18 – 1390); also canonical Bishop of Rodez (France) (1371.07.18 – 1378), uncanonical Metropolitan Archbishop of Auch (France) (1379.01.24 – 1379.05.20), canonical Auxiliary Bishop of Tournai (Belgium) (1389 – 1390); previously canonical Metropolitan Archbishop of Braga (Portugal) (1361.06.18 – 1371.07.18);
 * Pietro Amely di Brunac (1386 – 1400 see below), Augustinian Order O.E.S.A., previously Bishop of Senigallia (Italy) (1375.07.05 – 1382), Metropolitan Archbishop of Taranto (southern Italy) (1386 – 1387.11.12), Patriarch of Grado (northern Italy) (1387.11.12 – 1400)
 * ? Johannes Walteri von Sinten (1392–1397), Roman obedience
 * uncanonical Simon of Cramaud (1391.03.17 – death 1422.12.15?), previously canonical Bishop of Agen (France) (1382.05.30 – 1383.08.07), Bishop of Béziers (France) (1383.09.02 – 1385.11.24), Bishop of Poitiers (France) (1385.11.24 – 1391.09.19); also canonical Apostolic Administrator of Carcassonne (France) (1391.09.19 – 1409.07.02), Apostolic Administrator of Avignon (France) (1412 – 1415) and Apostolic Administrator of Poitiers (France) (1413.04.14 – 1422.12.15), but also uncanonical Metropolitan Archbishop of Reims (France) (1409.07.02 [1409.12.15] – 1413.04.14) and created Pseudocardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (1413.05.12 – 1422.12.15)
 * Pietro Amely di Brunac, O.E.S.A., again (see above 1400 – 1402?)
 * Leonardo Dolfin (1401.07.27 – 1402), previously Bishop of (H)Eraclea (northern Italy; 1382 – 1387.05.07), Metropolitan Archbishop of Crete (island, Greece) (1387.05.07 – 1392.08.31), Bishop of Castello (1392.10.21 – 1401.07.27)
 * Ugo Roberti (1402 – 1409), previously Bishop of Adria (Italy) (1386.09.01 – 1392.05.07), Bishop of Padova (Italy) (1392.05.07 – 1396.04.12), Titular Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (1396.04.12 – 1409)
 * Pietro Amaury di Lordat (1409.07.24 – death 1412), also remained Apostolic Administrator of Carcassonne (France) (1409.07.24 – 1412); previously Metropolitan Archbishop of Bourges (France) (1390.10.17 – 1409.07.02), Bishop of Carcassonne (1409.07.02 – 1409.07.24)
 * Lancelot of Navarre (1418.09.02 – 1422?)
 * Giovanni Contarini (1422.07.17 – 1424.07.14), previously Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (1409.10.23 – 1422.07.17) and Apostolic Administrator of (H)Eraclea (1418.04.18 – 1427); later again Titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (1424.07.14 – death 1451)
 * Pietro (1424.07.14 – death 1428?)
 * Vitalis di Mauléon (1428.11.29 – death 1435), previously Bishop of Rodez (France) (1417.12.31 – 1428.11.29)
 * Giovanni Vitelleschi (1435.02.21 – death 1440.04.02), previously Bishop of Macerata (Italy) (1431.04.16 – 1435.10.12), Bishop of Recanati (Italy) (1431.04.16 – 1435.10.12); also Metropolitan Archbishop of Firenze (Florence) (Italy) (1435.10.12 – 1437.08.09), Archbishop-Bishop of Traù (1437.08.09 – death 1440.04.02); created Cardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (1437.08.09 – 1440.04.02), Archpriest of Papal Basilica of St. Mary Major (1439 – 1440.04.02)
 * Marco Condulmer (1444 – death 1451?), previously Bishop of Avignon (France) (1432.01.09 – 1437), Metropolitan Archbishop of Tarentaise (France) (1433.03.17 – 1438.02.28), Patriarch of Grado (Italy) (1438.02.28 – 1444)
 * Jean d’Harcourt (1451.12.10 – 1453?), previously Bishop of Amiens (Picardy, France) (1424.05.10 – 1433.04.22), Bishop of Tournai (Belgium) (1433.04.22 – 1436.11.05), Metropolitan Archbishop of Narbonne (France) (1436.11.05 – 1451.12.10)
 * Arnaldo Rogerii de Palas (1453.08.24 – death 1461.08.16), previously Prince-Bishop of Urgell (northern Spain; Co-prince of Andorra) (1437.07.19 – 1461.08.16)
 * Pedro de Urrea (1462 – ?), while Metropolitan Archbishop of Tarragona (Spain) (1445 – death 1489.09.09)
 * Pedro González de Mendoza (1482.11.13 – death 1495.01.11), also Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo (Spain) (1482.11.13 – 1495.01.11); previously Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada (Spain) (1453.11.28 – 1467.10.30), Bishop of Sigüenza (Spain) (1467.10.30 – 1474.05.09), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Domnica pro hac vice Title (1473.05.17 – 1478.07.06), Apostolic Administrator of Sevilla (Spain) (1474.05.09 – 1482.11.13), Apostolic Administrator of Sigüenza (Spain) (1474.05.09 – 1495.01.11), transferred Cardinal-Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme (1478.07.06 – 1495.01.11), Apostolic Administrator of Osma (Spain) (1482.07.08 – 1482.11)
 * Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (1500.10.05 – death 1502.10.14), also remained Metropolitan Archbishop of Sevilla (Spain) (1485.08.26 – 1502.10.14), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Sabina (1500.10.05 – 1502.10.14); previously Bishop of Palencia (Spain) (1470.02.13 – 1485.08.26)
 * Alonso de Fonseca y Acevedo (1502? – retired? 1506?), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) (1464 – retired 1507.08.04; died 1512); previously Apostolic Administrator of Sevilla (Spain) (1460 – 1464)
 * Bernardino Carafa (1503 – death 1505.07.30), remaining Bishop of Chieti (Italy) (1501.12.20 – 1505.07.30)
 * Cesare Riario (1506.10.06 – death 1540.12.18); also first remaining Apostolic Administrator of Pisa (Italy) (1499.06.03 – 1518.09.03), later Bishop of Málaga (southern Spain) (1518.09.03 – 1540.12.18)
 * Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora (1541.04.06 – retired 1541.05.20), also Apostolic Administrator of Montefiascone (1534 – 1548.06.04), Apostolic Administrator of Corneto (Italy) (1534 – 1548.06.04), Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera (1537.10.22 – death 1564.10.06), Apostolic Administrator of Narni (Italy) (1537.12.05 – 1538.01.11), Apostolic Administrator of Chiusi (Italy) (1538.01.11 – 1538.03.20), Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin (1540.05.31 – 1540.12.10), Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio (1540.12.10 – 1552.03.09); previously Cardinal-Deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto in Macello Martyrum (1534.12.18 – 1540.05.31), Apostolic Administrator of Parma (Italy) (1535.08.13 – 1560.04.26), ; later Apostolic Administrator of Anglona (1542.11.24 – 1542.12.20), Apostolic Administrator of Lescar (France) (1546 – 1547), Apostolic Administrator of above Montefiascone (1550 – 1551 and 1553 – 1555), Apostolic Administrator of above Corneto (Italy) (1550 – 1551 and 1553 – 1555), Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata (1552.03.09 – 1564.10.06), becoming Protodeacon of Sacred College of Cardinals (1552.03.09 – death 1564.10.06)
 * Ottaviano Maria Sforza (1541.05.20 – death 1545), also Bishop of Terracina, Priverno e Sezze (Italy) (1540.11.24 – death 1545); previously Bishop of Lodi (Italy) (1497.10.27 – 1499, 1512 – 1519 and 1527 – 1533), Bishop of Arezzo (Italy) (1522 – 1527)
 * Julius Gonzaga (1550.05.23 – death 1550.09)
 * Cristoforo Guidalotti Ciocchi del Monte (1550.10.20 – 1551.11.20), also Bishop of Marseille (France) (1550.06.27 – 1556.03.09); previously Titular Bishop of Bethlehem (1517.08.21 – 1525.02.10), Bishop of Cagli (Italy) (1525.02.10 – 1550.06.27); later created Cardinal-Priest of S. Prassede (1551.12.04 – 1564.10.27), again Bishop of Cagli (1556.03.09 – 1564.10.27)
 * Jacques Cortès (1552.01.08 – death 1568), remaining Bishop of Vaison (1536.05.15 – 1568)
 * Tommaso (1568 – death 1570)
 * Alessandro Riario (1570.11.08 – death 1585.07.18), also created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Ara Coeli (1578.03.03 – 1585.07.18)
 * Enrico Caetani (1585.07.29 – retired 1585.12.18), also created Cardinal-Priest of S. Pudenziana (1586.01.15 – death 1599.12.13), Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera (1587.10.26 – death 1599.12.13)
 * Giovanni Battista Albani (Albano) (1586.03.24 – death 1588?)
 * Camillo Caetani (1588.08.22 –retired 1599.12.13), also Apostolic Nuncio (papal ambassador) to Austria-Hungary (1591 – 1592)
 * Séraphin Olivier-Razali (1602.08.26 – retired 1604.06.09), also created Cardinal-Priest of S. Salvatore in Lauro (1604.06.25 – 1609.02.10)
 * Alessandro di Sangro (1604.08.02 – death 1633.02.18), also Metropolitan Archbishop of Benevento (Italy) (1616.05.02 – 1633.02.18)
 * Honoratus Caetani (1633.04.11 – death 1647.08)
 * Federico Borromeo (iuniore) (1654.10.19 – retired 1670.12.22), also Apostolic Nuncio to Switzerland (1654.11.28 – 1665.08.20), Apostolic Nuncio to Spain (1668.02.25 – 1670.07), Papal Secretary of State of Apostolic Secretariat (1670 – 1673), created Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Agostino (1671.02.23 – 1672.08.08), Cardinal-Priest of S. Agnese fuori le mura (1672.08.08 – death 1673.02.18)
 * Allesandro Crescenzi, Somascans (C.S.R.) (1671.01.19 – retired 1675.05.27), remaining Bishop of Bitonto (Italy) (1652.08.26 – 1668.05.14); previously Bishop of Termoli (Italy) (1643.07.13 – 1644.06.13), Bishop of Ortona (Italy) (1644.06.13 – 1652.08.26); later Cardinal-Priest of S. Prisca (1675.07.15 – 1688.05.08), Archbishop-Bishop of Loreto (Italy) (1676.02.24 – retired 1682.01.09), Archbishop-Bishop of Recanati (Italy) (1676.02.24 – 1682.01.09), Patriarch ad personam (1676.02.24 – 1682.01.09), Camerlengo of Sacred College of Cardinals (1685.04.09 – retired 1687.03.03), died 1688
 * Aloysius Bevilacqua (1675.09.30 – death 1680.04.21)
 * Pietro Draghi Bartoli (1690.11.13 – death 1710.08.12)
 * Gregorio Giuseppe Gaetani de Aragonia (1695.05.02 – death 1710.08.12), previously Titular Archbishop of Neocæsarea (1676.02.24 – 1695.05.02)
 * Carlo Ambrosio Mezzabarba (1719.09.18 – 1741.12.07), also Bishop of Lodi (Italy) (1725.07.18 – 1741.12.07)
 * Filippo Carlo Spada (1742.01.22 – death 1742.12.08), previously Bishop of Pesaro (Romagna, Italy) (1702.11.20 – 1738.12.19), Titular Archbishop of Theodosia (1738.12.19 – 1742.01.22)
 * Girolamo Crispi (1742.12.17 – death 1746.07.24), also Archbishop of Ferrara (Italy) (1745.12.16 – 1746.07.24); previously Metropolitan Archbishop of Ravenna (Italy) (1720.12.16 – 1727.03.13)
 * Giuseppe Antonio Davanzati (1746.08.06 – death 1755.02.16), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of Trani (southern Italy) (1717.11.22 – 1755.02.16)
 * Lodovico Agnello Anastasi (1755.05.12 – death 1758.02.19), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of Sorrento (Italy) (1724.12.20 – 1758.02.19)
 * Francisco Mattei (1758.03.13 – death 1794.08.15), previously Titular Archbishop of Corinthus (1757.03.28 – 1758.03.13)
 * ?vacancy
 * Augustus Foscolo (1847.10.04 – death 1860.06.07); previously Bishop of Corfù (Greek island) (1816.03.08 – 1830.03.15), Latin Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem (1830.03.15 – 1847.10.04).
 * ?vacancy
 * Paolo Angelo Ballerini (1867.03.27 – death 1897.03.27), remaining Metropolitan Archbishop of Milan (1859.06.20 – 1867.03.27)
 * Domenico Marinangeli (1898.01.08 – 1921.03.06), previously Bishop of Foggia (Italy) (1882.03.27 – 1893.01.16), Metropolitan Archbishop of Trani e Barletta (Italy) and Titular Archbishop of Nazareth (1893.01.16 – 1898.01.08)
 * Paolo de Huyn (1921.06.13 – death 1946.10.01), previously Bishop of Brno (1904.05.14 – 1916.10.04), Metropolitan Archbishop of Praha (Prague) (1916.10.04 – 1919.09.06), Titular Archbishop of Sardica (1919.09.06 – 1921.06.13)
 * vacancy (1946–1950)
 * Luca Ermenegildo Pasetto, Capuchin Franciscans (O.F.M. Cap.) (1950.11.11 – death 1954.01.22), previously Titular Bishop of Geras (1921.11.21 – 1937.09.22), Secretary of Sacred Congregation of Religious (1935 – 1950.11.11), Titular Archbishop of Iconium (1937.09.22 – 1950.11.11)
 * Vacancy from 1954 until the Latin titular patriarchate was officially suppressed in 1964.

Sources and external links

 * GCatholic.org List of Latin Patriarchs of Alexandria

title: Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria


text:
Manipravalam

Manipravalam (Malayalam: മണിപ്രവാളം, மணிப்பிரவாளம்) is a macaronic language found in some manuscripts of South India. It is a hybrid language, typically written in the Grantha script, which combines Sanskrit lexicon and Tamil morpho-syntax. According to language scholars Giovanni Ciotti and Marco Franceschini, the blending of Tamil and Sanskrit is evidenced in manuscripts and their colophons over a long period of time, and this ultimately may have contributed to the emergence of Manipravalam. However, the 14th century Sanskrit work Lilatilakam states that Manipravalam is a combination of Tamil and Sanskrit. Generally, it is agreed that it was a combination of Middle Tamil and Sanskrit.

The twelfth century has been described as a watershed moment in the history of Malayalam, where it was finally accepted as a vehicle for literary expression. The two dominant schools in Malayalam writing were the pattu and the manipravalam, the former being influenced by Tamil poetic traditions and the latter designated for Sanskrit influences. Despite their extraneous regulation, the two schools would come to dominate the edifice of Malayalam poetry that they continue to shape its style to this day.

Mani-pravalam literally means 'gem-coral', with mani referring to gem in Tamil, and pravalam referring to coral in Sanskrit. It likely played a role in the growth of the Malayalam literature and Modern Malayalam script. The Kerala scholars distinguished Manipravalam from the aforementioned pattu, the former being significantly influenced by Sanskrit and the latter predominantly Tamil. Manipravalam has been used for poetry manuscripts that combine Dravidian and Sanskrit, as well as South Indian works on eroticism. The 14th-century Lilatilakam text states Manipravalam to be a Bhashya (language) where "Dravida and Sanskrit should combine together like ruby and coral, without the least trace of any discord".

Influence on the Malayalam script
It is suggested that the advent of the Manipravalam style, where letters of the Grantha script coexisted with the traditional Vatteluttu letters, made it easier for people in Kerala to accept a Grantha-based script Ārya eḻuttŭ, and paved the way for the introduction of the new writing system. Eventually Vaṭṭeḻuttŭ was almost completely supplanted by the modern Malayalam script.

title: Manipravalam


text:
Alexander ALX100

The Alexander ALX100 is a minibus body that was built by Alexander of the United Kingdom. Over 150 bodies were built between 1997 and 1999, exclusively on the Mercedes-Benz O814D Vario and O810D van chassis, and was fitted with seating capacities between 25 and 31 passengers.

The ALX100 was a replacement for the AM-Type 'Sprint' body, fitted to the previous Mercedes 709D chassis. With the retention of the Mercedes front end grille, bonnet and headlights, the ALX100 was extremely visually similar to the Plaxton Beaver 2, which was also bodied on the Vario. The Mercedes front end also meant that the ALX100 did not fit in with the visual features of the rest of the ALX product family, which had a distinctive common design for the front and rear, which was launched by Alexander to highlight its emerging low-floor bus products.

The O814D/ALX100 combination was bought in large numbers by Thames Transit, Stagecoach North West, Devon General, Arriva Northumbria, Arriva Fox County (and its predecessor Midland Fox), Midland Red North and Travel West Midlands. There are few variants of the body, some have higher windows and different door styles as well as two different lengths depending on the wheelbase model, similar to the Plaxton Beaver 2.

title: Alexander ALX100


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/M. F. Mughal

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 01:53, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

M. F. Mughal
Delete simply holding the views that Mughal holds does not make him very notable, I'm afraid. Neither does him having a website, or being an ex-Muslim. All the google hits seem to be to his page, or various forums where he promotes his views. Sam Vimes 09:37, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Based on his views, I'm sure I'd love the guy if I met him, but, alas, delete as non-notable vanity. I'm more than willing to buy him a drink to make it up to him next time he's in the States.  Postdlf 10:33, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 18:46, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Friday 20:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 08:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Nick Warren

Nicholas John Warren (born 24 October 1968) is an English DJ and record producer. He is best known as a member of the electronic music duo Way Out West, his record label and global live events brand, The Soundgarden, and for his albums released in the Global Underground series. He is also head of A&R for the record label Hope Recordings.

Biography
In 1988, Nick Warren began DJing in Bristol, playing mainly reggae and indie music until house music became more popular in the UK. By the early 1990s, Warren had become one of the more popular DJs in Bristol, performing regularly at the superclub Vision and DJing for Massive Attack.

While working at a record store in 1994, Warren met producer Jody Wisternoff and the two decided to work together. Their first collaboration was on the track "Paradise is the Sound" which they released under the artist name Sub-Version 3. Warren describes Wisternoff as being the more technical of the two, while Warren states that he "bring[s] most of the sounds into our projects" and an understanding of what music needs in order for it to be successful at dance clubs. Their next two releases were issued under the name Echo, with Way Out West being the name of their remix project. The duo soon adopted the name for their act and signed a deal with Deconstruction Records.

In the mid 1990s, Warren began a residency at Liverpool dance club Cream. In 1997, Warren was given the opportunity to mix the second entry in the still young Global Underground series. The album, Global Underground 003: Prague, is a live set of Warren's from Prague. Although labelled as 003, this was actually only the second release on the Global Underground label. This began a relationship with Global Underground which led to Warren creating seven additional mix albums for the series, including Global Underground 008: Brazil, Global Underground 011: Budapest, Global Underground 018: Amsterdam, Global Underground 024: Reykjavík, Global Underground 028: Shanghai, Global Underground 030: Paris, and Global Underground 035: Lima. Warren stated that he feels comfortable working with Global Underground due to an underlying trust between himself and the label.

In December 2000, Way Out West was dropped by Deconstruction, which had since been bought by BMG, as the label felt that Way Out West's album would not do well commercially. Way Out West then signed a three-album contract with Distinct'ive Records, turning down offers from other labels such as Bedrock. Their first album on Distinct'ive was Intensify, which featured the singles "The Fall", "Intensify", and "Mindcircus". "The Fall" used lyrics taken from the Cole Porter song "Autumn Leaves" and "Mindcircus" features vocals written by Imogen Heap. For the next Way Out West album, Don't Look Now (2004), Warren and Wisternoff brought in vocalist Omi and drummer Damon Reece. As of early 2007, Way Out West had begun work on new material. Warren made this possible because he is now head A&R of Hope Recordings, the label in which their last single "Spaceman" was released in 2008. In 2008, Global Underground released Warren's next compilation, Global Underground 035: Lima. Before this album, Warren had sold over 110,000 compilations in the Global Underground series in the UK alone.

Way Out West's fourth album, titled "We Love Machine", was released on 6 October 2009. The song "Only Love" featuring Jonathan Mendelsohn on vocals (the album marks their first collaboration with a male vocalist) was the first single from the album, released 31 August 2009. The deluxe edition of the album on Hope Recordings is available at their own website.

In 2010, Warren released a remix of Grafiti's song Spooky Trains and a remix of General Midi's song 'Absinth'. Also in 2010, Warren released on Bedrock Recordings, with the track In Search of Silver and he began his The Soundgarden show on Frisky Radio, a bi-monthly venture in which Nick played a wide range of different sets on this popular station. The show was discontinued in 2018.

2011 marked Hope Recordings' 100th release, taken on by none other than Nick Warren himself. The track was titled 'Buenos Aires' – as Warren feels a special connection with the city, having played there on several occasions. "I am in love with the city of Buenos Aires and have the most amazing time, each and every time I go there to play. I started writing this tune after playing there last year". Hope Recordings' next release was by Tom Glass, titled 'Naive' for which Nick did his own 'Psychedelic Wheel' Remix. In November 2011, Nick released another solo single, Rumbletump, on Hernan Cattaneo's Sudbeat label.

On 25 August 2012 Warren announced via his Facebook page that he would be compiling the next Renaissance Masters series album, set for a January 2013 release. He demonstrated his excitement for the release stating "These are exciting times for electronic music with genres and styles more eclectic than ever before and with this album for the Masters series I hope to highlight some of the most breathtaking and diverse electronic music in 2012."

In 2015, Warren expanded his The Soundgarden radio shows into a global live events brand. After an initial season in Ibiza, the brand found particular initial success in the South American markets, with highlights including shows at Destino Arena, Mar Del Plata and Parque Riviera, Montevideo, Uruguay, as well as annual boat parties at Amsterdam Dance Event and Miami Music Week alongside Hernán Cattáneo's Sudbeat label.

Off the back of its success in the live arena, The Soundgarden has subsequently expanded into a respected Progressive and Melodic House record label. A&R'd exclusively by Warren, the label has released numerous EPs and singles from artists including Modd, Luka Sambe, Black 8, Nicolas Rada, and Warren himself, as well as compilations and samplers for major electronic music events such as Miami Music Week and Amsterdam Dance Event.

In 2017, Warren and Jody Wisternoff released their fifth studio album as Way Out West, Tuesday Maybe, on Anjunadeep. In 2018, the duo subsequently released an EP of extended chill-out versions of tracks from Tuesday Maybe, entitled Sunday Maybe, on Anjunadeep.

For in-studio mixing, Nick Warren uses Ableton Live, ProTools, and some Logic Pro on a Macintosh.

Selected discography

 * Albums
 * 1997: Way Out West – Way Out West (Deconstruction)
 * 1997: Global Underground 003: Prague (Boxed)
 * 1998: Global Underground 008: Brazil (Boxed)
 * 1999: Back to Mine: Nick Warren (DMC Publishing)
 * 1999: Global Underground 011: Budapest (Boxed)
 * 2000: Global Underground 018: Amsterdam (Boxed)
 * 2001: Way Out West – Intensify (Distinct'ive Breaks Records, Nettwerk)
 * 2001: Renaissance: Revelation (Ultra Records)
 * 2003: Global Underground 024: Reykjavík (Global Underground Ltd.) (Billboard Top Electronic Albums #25)
 * 2004: Way Out West – Don't Look Now (Distinct'ive Records)
 * 2005: Global Underground 028: Shanghai (Global Underground Ltd.) (Billboard Top Electronic Albums #14)
 * 2007: Global Underground 030: Paris (Global Underground Ltd.) (Billboard Top Electronic Albums #20)
 * 2008: Global Underground 035: Lima (Global Underground Ltd.)
 * 2009: Way Out West – We Love Machine (Hope Recordings)
 * 2010: Way Out West – We Love Machine – The Remixes (Hope Recordings)
 * 2011: Balance 018 (Balance Music)
 * 2013: Renaissance: The Master Series, Part 19 (Renaissance Recordings)
 * 2014: Nick Warren Presents The Soundgarden (Hope Recordings)
 * 2017: Way Out West – Tuesday Maybe (Anjunadeep)
 * 2018: Way Out West – Sunday Maybe (Anjunadeep)
 * 2019: (Balance Music) presents The Soundgarden

 * Singles
 * 1994: Way Out West – "Ajare" (Deconstruction) (UK Singles Chart No. 52 peak)
 * 1996: Way Out West feat. Miss Joanna Law – "The Gift" (UK #15) (Deconstruction)
 * 1996: Way Out West – "Domination" (Deconstruction) (UK #38)
 * 1997: Way Out West – "Blue" (Deconstruction) (UK #41)
 * 1997: Way Out West – "Ajare" (re-release) (Deconstruction) (UK #36)
 * 2000: Way Out West – "The Fall" (Deconstruction) (UK #67)
 * 2001: Way Out West – "Intensify" (Distinct'ive Breaks Records) (UK #46)
 * 2002: Way Out West feat. Tricia Lee – "Mindcircus" (Distinct'ive Breaks Records) (UK No. 39, Billboard Hot Dance Club Play #6)
 * 2002: Way Out West feat. Kirsty Hawkshaw – "Stealth" (Distinct'ive Breaks Records) (UK #67)
 * 2004: Way Out West – "Anything But You" (Distinct'ive Records)
 * 2005: Way Out West – "Don't Forget Me" (Distinct'ive Records)
 * 2007: Nick Warren & Jimmy Van M – "One & Only" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2008: Way Out West – "Spaceman" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2009: Way Out West – "Only Love" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2010: Way Out West – "Future Perfect" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2010: Nick Warren – "In Search of Silver" (Bedrock Records)
 * 2011: Nick Warren – "Buenos Aires" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2011: Nick Warren – "Rumbletump" – Sudbeat
 * 2013: Nick Warren – "Devil's Elbow" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2013: Nick Warren – "La Fabrica" (Hope Recordings)
 * 2014: Nick Warren - "Alta" (Soulfood)
 * 2015: Nick Warren & Guy Mantzur – "Sad Robot" (Bedrock)
 * 2017: Nick Warren & Tripswitch – "Savannah" (Sudbeat)
 * 2018: Nick Warren & Nicolas Rada – "Land of Dreams" (The Soundgarden)

title: Nick Warren


text:
Yevgeny Grishin (speed skater)

Yevgeny Romanovich Grishin (Евгений Романович Гришин; 23 March 1931 – 9 July 2005) was a Soviet and Russian speedskater. Grishin trained for the largest part of his speedskating career at CSKA Moscow. A four-time Olympian (1956, 1960, 1964, 1968), he became European Champion in 1956, and won Olympic gold in the 500 meter and 1500 meter events in both 1956 and 1960 Winter Olympics (sharing the 1500 meter victories with respectively Yuri Mikhaylov and Roald Aas), competing for the USSR team. Along with his compatriot Lidiya Skoblikova, he was the most successful athlete at the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Grishin was the first to break the 40 second barrier on the 500 m, skating 39.6 in an unofficial test race in Squaw Valley in 1960, just after the Winter Olympic Games at the same location. Three years later, on 27–28 January 1963, he set officially ratified world records 39.6 and 39.5 at the Medeu track. He also won 2 bronze medals in the World Championships, in 1954 and 1956.

He had 12 single distance wins in his 14 starts in allround championships. Over the course of his career Grishin set seven world records; the 1:22.8 time of the 1000 m lasted 12 years.

World records
Over the course of his career, Grishin skated seven world records:

Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com

title: Yevgeny Grishin (speed skater)


text:
Amram Mitzna

Amram Mitzna (עמרם מצנע, born 20 February 1945) is an Israeli politician and former general in the IDF. He is a former mayor of Haifa (1993–2003) and Yeruham (2005–2010) and led the Labor Party from 2002 to 2003. In 2012 he joined Hatnuah.

Youth, education, and military service
He was born in Kibbutz Dovrat to Jewish refugees that escaped from Nazi Germany. He attended a military boarding school in Haifa, graduating from the Hebrew Reali School in 1963 and enlisting into the IDF the same year. He served in various positions in the IDF armored force, the Command and Staff College, and the Operations Division in the General Staff, receiving the Medal of Distinguished Service for his actions during the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War, both of which saw him wounded.

In 1977 he graduated from the University of Haifa with a degree in geography, before studying at the U.S. Army War College in Pennsylvania, finishing his course in 1979.

In 1986 he was promoted to major general, and assisted the Head of the Operations branch. In 1987 he became commander of the Central Command, and in 1989 completed the program for senior public figures at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.

In 1990 he became head of the IDF's planning branch, and gained an MA from Haifa University in political science. He retired from the IDF in 1993.

Political career
In 1993, the same year as finishing his military career, Mitzna was elected mayor of Haifa representing Labor, and re-elected in 1998. He won the Labor's leadership election on 19 November 2002 with 53.6% of the vote, defeating incumbent Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Member of the Knesset Haim Ramon. During campaigning for the 2003 elections, Mitzna proposed that Israel pursue further negotiations with the Palestinian Authority, but if they failed to yield a solution, that Israel withdraw from the Gaza Strip and most of the West Bank, and unilaterally set its final borders. His position was lambasted by Likud leader Ariel Sharon, though later partially implemented by him as the disengagement plan.

Mitzna oversaw Labor's second worst electoral performance up to 2003 when leading it in that year's election. the party won just 19 seats. He resigned as party leader shortly after, replaced by Shimon Peres.

In November 2005, the Internal Affairs Minister appointed Mitzna acting mayor of Yeruham, a town in the southern Negev region, after the elected mayor was forced to step aside, due to incompetence. Mitzna resigned from the Knesset to take up the role.

In April 2008 and June 2009, Mitzna signed letters of support for the recently created J Street American pro-peace lobby group.

Mitzna ran for the leadership of the Labor party a second time in 2011. he won 12% of the vote in the first round and was eliminated. he endorsed Amir Peretz in the second round.

On 1 December 2012, Mitzna joined Tzipi Livni's new party, Hatnuah. He was elected to the Knesset in second place on the party's list in the 2013 elections. On 24 December 2014 he announced he was retiring from politics and would not seek re-election in 2015, although he supported the Zionist Union, an alliance of Hatnuah and Labor that had been formed for the elections.

title: Amram Mitzna