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New Town, Prague

The New Town (Nové Město) is a quarter in the city of Prague in the Czech Republic. New Town is the youngest and largest of the five independent (from the Middle Ages until 1784) towns that today comprise the historic center of modern Prague. New Town was founded in 1348 by Charles IV just outside the city walls to the east and south of the Old Town and encompassed an area of 7.5 km²; about three times the size of the Old Town. The population of Prague in 1378 was well over 40,000, perhaps as much as twice that, making it the 4th most populated city north of the Alps and, by area, the 3rd largest city in Europe. Although New Town can trace its current layout to its construction in the 14th century, only few churches and administrative buildings from this time survive. There are many secular and educational buildings in New Town, but also especially magnificent gothic and baroque churches. These nevertheless are not the main drawing points for tourists. New Town's most famous landmark is Wenceslas Square, which was originally built as a horsemarket and now functions as a center of commerce and tourism. In the 15th century, the Novoměstská radnice, or New Town Hall, was the site of the first of the three defenestrations of Prague.

Foundation
No doubt in connection with his coronation as king under the Holy Roman Empire in 1346, Charles IV decided to found a new city in Prague. After he had achieved the city's independence within the church with the creation of the Archbishopric of Prague in 1344, the foundation of the New Town was intended further to enhance the status of the city which was the new residence of the king. In addition, the housing problem within the city walls of Prague that had already been apparent under Charles IV's father John of Luxembourg was crying out for a solution. Many people, mostly poorer Czechs, had settled in suburbs situated at the base of the city walls, and the banks of the Vltava were almost continuously built over.

What was original about Charles IV's action was that he chose, instead of creating an administratively dependent suburb, or an extension of the old town, as was the usual practice, to create in the New Town an independent royal city with its own legal framework. Nevertheless, Charles planned a physical and legal union with the old part of town and decreed a common administration in 1367; however, primarily due to the opposition of the two town councils, this failed and had to be abandoned as little as ten years later. After many rights and liberties had been granted to the inhabitants of the new city, the inhabitants of the old part of town, which was now enclosed by the New Town on all sides, likewise had their existing rights and liberties confirmed in writing, and they were given the assurance of free access through both the northern gates of the New Town.

Together with the establishment of the New Town, the king made further efforts to increase the significance of the town. It was not only to be the new residence of the king and a centre for scholarship - on 7 April 1348, Charles University was founded as the first university in central Europe - and for the arts, but it was intended to become an important economic centre in Central Europe. To that end a shift of Central European traffic routes and the creation of new routes was planned, as well as making the Vltava navigable; and the plans had been carried out to some extent. The construction of the New Town was probably essentially complete as early as 1367, at the time of the short-lived union with the Old Town.

Expansion of the New Town, topographic and geological conditions
The new city covered an area of about 250 ha and was thus more than double the size of the Old Town (106 hectares or 260 acres). It was about 5 km long from North to South, and 0.8 to 1.2 km (½ to ¾ mile) wide from east to west. The planned area was subdivided into several plots, according to the suitability of the land for the arrangement of the new town. Along the Vltava, from Vyšehrad towards the Old Town, several settlements of tanners and fishermen, with their own churches as well as a Jewish cemetery, already existed. To the West of the Old Town, on the Vltava, the settlement of Poříčí ("Riverside") was already densely built, containing two churches, St. Clement's and St. Peter's, as well as the bishop's court.

An east-facing terrace of land was clearly separated by a pronounced gully, 6 to 8 meters deep, from the plain on the bank of the river. The upper plateau was dominated by two ridges projecting far to the west, which were intended later to be occupied by planned constructions. Here likewise already existed some smaller settlements such as Na Rybníčku or Rybníček ("By the Pond") with a Romanesque rotunda, which was probably originally dedicated to St Stephen.

The fortification
The building of the New Town commenced on 26 March 1348 with the ceremonial laying of the first stone of the New Town wall by Charles IV. The wall not only provided security for the planned new town, but also legally separated it from the surrounding land. The importance which was attached to the fortification is, inter alia, evident in the fact that it took only two years to complete, although it was relatively low in comparison with the walls of older Bohemian cities.

The wall of the New Town began in Vyšehrad (whose fortification was renewed at the same time) and ran from there along the escarpment of the upper Vltava terrace by the Botič Brook to the highest point of the area, on which Charles' Court (with the Church of the Ascension of the BVM and Emperor Charles the Great) was later erected. The wall turned at this point and continued almost precisely north. After a slight turn to the east between the city gate at Ječná (Barley) Lane and the horse market (now Wenceslas Square), the wall then ran along the St Vitus' Hill brook, whose deeply cut valley maintained a constant distance from the Old Town until it reached the Vltava where the wall turned again, this time to the west.

Unlike the Old Town, no wall was erected along the Vltava, since free access to the river had to be ensured. In total, the wall was about 3.5 km long, 6–10 meters tall, 3–5 meters wide and topped with battlements. While towers were placed along the eastern side every 100 meters, just one (in the valley) sufficed in the south, due to the steepness of the adjacent ground. Stronger towers were situated at the corners of the wall in the south-east and in the north-east at the St Vitus' Hill brook, as well as at the north end by the Vltava. The wall was breached only by four gates and a few small posterns. The wall was further protected by a ditch, where water mostly flowed in former stream beds, but it was dry in some places because of the differences in height. Evidently there was no outer wall (outside the ditch).

Layout
At the foundation of the New Town in 1348, the enclosed area was already mostly surveyed, divided into parcels. The plan for the roads as well as the positions of the various markets and the goods to be sold in each of them were all already determined. The structure of the older settlements on the Vltava was broadly maintained; but on the remaining, so far undeveloped terrain, unusually broad streets and squares were created; however the routes of already existing roadways were respected. The area of the New Town was however so large that it could not immediately be settled completely, and large sections in the north around the settlement of Poříčí and in the southeast remained undeveloped into the 19th century. The planning of the New Town was probably the responsibility of the French master cathedral builder Matthias of Arras, who had been brought to Prague from Avignon by Charles IV in 1342/44.

Charles IV expressly forbid property speculation and granted to all, who wanted to settle, twelve years exemption from taxes. However, for the tax exemption to be earned, construction of a stone building had to be begun on the specified plot within a month and completed within one and a half years. This privilege was made available not only to Christians, but also to Jews; however few of the latter made use of it.

City accounting records show that by 1372 the streets of the New Town were already built up with houses for the most part. An important reason for the rapid settlement of the New Town was the decree of Charles IV that noisy and dirty trades were to be shifted from the Old Town to the New Town. Within the New Town concentrations of specific craftsmen developed around the appropriate markets. For example, fishermen, carpenters, raftsmen, tanners, dyers, brickmakers and limeburners were to be found along the Vltava, and around the horse market were located farriers, wagonmakers, coppersmiths and cabinetmakers. Thus the New Town was particularly inhabited by poorer craftsmen of Czech nationality, who had always dominated in the older riverside villages, while in the Old Town mostly German and Jewish craftsmen were found. These large economic and national differences resulted in a clear separation of the two cities and were finally also decisive for the disturbances during the Hussite Revolution at the end of the reign of Wenceslas IV.

Lower New Town
The Church of St Henry and Cunigunde, with four trusses and three steeples of equal height, which was near an existing settlement, was established as the main parish church of the New Town (ecclesia parochialis primaria) starting from 1350, immediately after the completion of the wall. Before the free-standing bell tower was built, the tower at the southwest corner of the church probably fulfilled this function. Likewise, the parish school at the church was established by Charles IV and even in the 16th and 17th centuries it was still counted among the best schools in Bohemia and along with the university was one of the most outstanding educational institutes in Prague. Not far from the church, on the site of the main post office (Hlavní pošta) built between 1871 and 1874, were the botanical gardens of Charles University, laid out by the apothecary and personal physician of Charles IV, Angelus de Florentia, which was called the Andělská zahrada ("Angel's Garden"),the first botanical garden of Europe.

The economic center of the northern quarter was the Hay and Straw Market, which aligns roughly with the modern Senovážné náměstí. Wilfried Brosche was most likely responsible for planning the hay market in similar vein to the horse market. Present day Hibernia Street (Hybernská ulice) forms the southern boundary of the former market. As early as 1379, it was paved ("strata lapidae") as the first road of the New Town, and thus received its older name Pavement Lane (Dlážděná ulice). The market ran along the old road to Kutná Hora which was the main route toward the east. At the entrance to the Old Town stood the "Tattered or Ragged gate" (Odraná brána) or as it was later called St. Ambrosius Gate at the end of Celetná (Tentmaker Street). A renewal of the gate was apparently already intended under Charles IV. The existing Powder Gate (Prašná brána) was first built in 1475. The Mountain Gate or St Vitus' Gate (Horská brána) formed the upper end of the New Town wall. Also at the lower end of the Haymarket, Charles IV let a Benedictine monastery (Milanese rite) be established in 1355. The monastery and church were dedicated to St Ambrosius, in commemoration of the coronation of Charles as the king of Lombardy on 5 January of the same year in Milan Cathedral, where St Ambrosius was bishop in the 4th century. In addition, near the monastery, probably opposite the St. Benedict Gate of the Old Town, was the John and Jacob almshouse.

The second important market street in the lower New Town was River Street (Na Poříčí). It can be traced back to an old route, which began at the St. Benedict Gate of the Old Town and led through the pre-existing settlement to the Vltava. In the east the St Peter Gate or River Gate (Poříčská brána) was established as part of the city defenses of the New Town (it was removed in 1873). The two original Roman Catholic churches, the Church of St. Peter at Poříčí (Kostel sv. Petra na Poříčí) and the Church of St. Clement at Poříčí (Kostel sv. Klimenta na Poříčí), both underwent extensive extensions and changes in the second half of the 14th century.

Between the old settlement and the new construction north of the horse market, there remained much undeveloped open space, starting approximately from the height of the St. Henry's Church, which was only sparsely built and was mainly filled with gardens and green spaces.

Upper New Town
The upper New Town became the focus of even greater importance. An old road to Vyšehrad and beyond to southern Bohemia would become the longest traffic route in Prague and the backbone of the upper New Town - today's Spálená, Vyšehradská and Na Slupi streets. It began at the St. Martins or Zderaz Gate at Perštýn and formed an extension of an important Old Town thoroughfare. Traffic at the southern end of the new city was now directed over the Vyšehrad, and continued up to the only tower in the south at the steepest part of the city wall, which secured a postern with no through passage and the water outflow of the Botič stream and the mill ditch. The section of the road along the Vltava had to accommodate the existing settlements of Opatovice, Zderaz and Podskalí so in this area, the old narrow and bent road courses were maintained here. (Only with the building of the Vltava quay and the transformation of almost all the bankside areas at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century were most buildings including some churches and the old structures eliminated.)

By contrast, in the largely unsettled area to the east of the road to the Vyšehrad, a planned system of broad parallel roads were built in a grid pattern, which is still clearly visible today. Two of these roads, each nearly 27 meters wide, formed a crossroads at the cattle market and carried the grain trade; they came to be known as Rye Lane (Žitná ulice) and Barley Lane (Ječná ulice). At the end of Barley Lane (also known as Pig Lane (Svinský trh, Svinská ul.), since it likewise served the small animal trade) near the old St John at the Battlefield Church (Kostel sv. Jan Na bojišti) stood the fourth gate, the Pig Gate (Svinská brána) or St. John's Gate. While the other gates consisted of a passage and two flanking towers, St John's Gate was built as a fortress. It consisted of a central courtyard with barrel-curved arched rooms on both sides, over it was an overhanging lintel with eight corner towers and a further higher tower standing over the gate entrance. The gate also protected the entrance of a brook into the New Town, whose water also fed the fish pond of the former settlement, Rybníček. (The gate was torn down between 1891 and 1897 with the adjacent city wall, but during construction work on the Metro station I. P. Pavlova, remainders of the gate were found as well as some tiles with old provincial coats-of arms as well as fragments of a relief with the Bohemian lion which were saved and today stand in the entry of the station.) Apart from the two water gates, the St. John's Gate formed the last access until the east gate of the Vyšehrad, so all the other routes south of Barley Lane also converged on this gate. These were probably roads of older origin and were developed without a strict plan to adapt to the complicated elevations within this area; apart from church plots this area remained to a large extent vacant.

In the center of the road Charles IV created today's Charles Square by widening the cattle market (Dobytčí trh), to the east. With an area of approximately 550 by 150 meters, this was for a long time the largest square in Europe and in became the administrative and economic center of the New Town. It served mainly the trade in cattle, fish, wood and coal and its central status was only in recent times ceded to Wencenslas Square.

In the center of the cattle market, in the extension of the Barley Lane, Charles IV had a wooden tower built, where since 1354 the crown jewels and reliquaries were put on display once a year. The sanctuary celebration was proclaimed by Charles as a general holiday in the realm, whereby Prague became one of the most important centers of pilgrimage in Europe. Next to the wooden tower the Chapel of Holy Blood or Corpus Christi was built between 1382 and 1393 and was torn down in 1791. From the octagonal central church with attached chapels rose a stone tower, from whose gallery were shown the reliquaries and crown jewels were displayed.

In a dominant position at the northeast corner of the cattle market the New Town city hall (Novoměstská radnice) was built as symbol of the independent royal city after 1367, but not later than 1377 during the renewed separation from the Old Town. The remaining sides of the cattle market were filled quite briskly after the plan of the square, whereby members of the aristocracy and the royal houses established themselves here. For example, on the south side was the Gothic Palace of the Princes of Opava whose property extended far to the south.

Possible models for the city plan
It seems possible, that when Charles IV was planning the New Town, he used Rome as a model; in particular the broad even roads and the powerful city gates are reminiscent. Similarly, other emperors have sought to create a "Roma Nova"; for example, Charlemagne with Aachen, Otto I with Magdeburg and Heinrich II with Bamberg. Grid-based city plans or extensions, if not on this large a scale, were already in existence in Central Europe and even in Bohemia, so that these other towns also probably served as models to Charles IV in the planning the New Town.

The often stated reference to Jerusalem is in contrast to its rather religious nature and reflects the concept of the creation of a new "Valhalla". W. Brosche counts at the time "... around 1400 existing within the New Town area... three hospitals with churches or chapels, nine monasteries with all together ten consecrated spaces, fourteen parish churches with three additional chapels, also the city hall chapel in addition to the consecration places secured with Patrozinien on Vyšehrad, so that the New Town with 40 churches surpassed the Old Town with its 35 places of worship already by the end of the century."

To the monasteries in Prague, came friars and monks from almost every order and from remote countries of Europe. Specifically mentioned are the Benedictines at St. Ambrosius of Milan, the Augustinians from France at Na Karlově, the Servants of the Holy Virgin of the Meadow from Florence and the Slavic Benedictines from Croatia in the Emmaus Church. The monastery of Mary of the Snows was probably manned by Saxon Carmelites.

Importance
In 1378 a census commissioned by Charles IV found that Prague had 40,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city north of the Alps after Paris, Ghent and Bruges. Based on physical area, Prague was the third-largest city in Europe after Rome and Constantinople. When one compares Prague with the other cities in medieval Europe and in particular with the established cities of the 12th to 14th centuries, the privileged position of the Prague New Town becomes clear. Charles IV "... conceived here the largest urban planning project of the Middle Ages, and at the time, its equal could not be found in Europe. In the mid fourteenth century in Europe there was no other city, in which an enclosed building project was organized and executed on such a scale, over two square kilometers. There is no other city, in which 18 to 27 meter-wide roads were created; where an arterial road was wide three-quarters of a kilometer long and over 60 meters wide and in the New Town alone was the central marketplace larger than most entire cities of this time including its walls. Here was planned and established the real administrative, cultural and economic center of Central Europe." (Vilém Lorenc, p13)

Sights

 * Dvořák Museum
 * Dancing House
 * Jubilee Synagogue
 * National Museum
 * National Theatre
 * U Fleků beer hall
 * Žofín Palace

Squares

 * The horse market, today Wenceslas Square
 * The cattle market, today Charles Square
 * The hay market (Senovážné náměstí), south of today's Náměstí Republiky
 * Na Karlově

Cloisters and monasteries
The Sts. Peter and Paul Church of the Canons and Holy Grave in the settlement Zderaz was converted and rebuilt to serve as the parish church. Numerous further cloisters and monasteries allowed Charles IV to establish a special area of dominance. He had already founded the monastery of St. Mary of the Snows on a spur of the upper plateau along the old road to the Vyšehrad before the creation of an important monastery in the New Town. In direct proximity to the old parish church of the riverside community Podskalí, St. Cosmas and Damian, in the territory of the Vyšehrad cathedral he settled with the agreement of the Pope Clemens VI on 22 November 1347, an order of Benedictine monks who adhered to the old Slavic liturgy. The monastery church, dedicated in 1372, received from them the name St Mary's at the Slavs (klášter P. Marie na Slovanech). Further south on the same street was built in 1360 a Servite monastery, with the church of St Mary on the Lawn (kostel P. Marie na Trávníčku) or "on the pillars" (Na Slupi). Not far from here, in 1355 the Convent of Augustinian Hermitesses (kostel sv. Kateřiny) was founded. This was instituted by Charles in thanks for his first victory on 25 November 1332 at San Felice castle in Italy. It was dedicated on 29 November 1367.

In summary, it may be observed that parish churches and monastery churches are often either linked to predecessor churches or to settlements or streets already existing in the vicinity. In contrast Charles founded two monastery churches on particularly exposed, but long uninhabited sites. Around 1362 was founded the Collegiate Abbey of St. Apollinaris (kostel sv. Apolináře) on the Wind Hill (Větrná hora or Na Větrníku).

At the highest point of the new fortifications in the SE, the wall changed to a northerly direction at the Painters Tower, where there was a small postern. It is clear that this necessitated the building of a third castle-like construction between Hradčany and Vyšehrad, the so-called Charles' Court. In 1350 Charles established some French Augustinian canons here.

The newly founded monastery and abbey churches in the upper New Town were also distinguished from the parish churches in that they were sited on the edge of the built-up area, or their entire surroundings remained almost entirely free. The slopes and plateaux east of Na slupi street and south of the Augustinian convent were merely vineyards and extended green spaces. Not least, another distinguishing feature was a further concept of town planning which was especially clearly visible from Vyšehrad. The five churches named above formed an almost symmetrical cross, in the centre was St. Apollinaris Abbey. The imaginary crossbeam ends with Charles Court and the Emmaus Monastery, which each lack towers, while the long arm of the cross is formed by churches with towers whose upper storey is octagonal. An extension of this arm leads directly to the Vyšehrad, which was thus included in the plan.

Other monastery and abbey churches in the New Town:
 * Kirche der Schmerzensreichen Mutter Gottes
 * Church of St. John of Nepomuk am Felsen
 * Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral

Parish and cemetery churches
The parish churches of the district to be newly settled in the upper New Town included St Stephen's Church (Kostel sv. Štěpána), built between 1351 and 1394. This stood next to an older church, a romanesque rotunda from the 12th century, which had been the parish church of Rybníček. Its financial support was now transferred to the new church; the rotunda was dedicated to St Longinus (Rotunda sv. Longina).

Also in the upper New Town, the churches of the existing settlements on the Vltava were extended during the reigns of Charles IV and Wenceslas IV, and rebuilt in Gothic style. A second, south, aisle, with its own presbytery, was added to the Church of St Adalbert (Kostel sv. Vojtěcha v Jirchářich) near the river bank, in the district of the Tanners and White Tanners (makers of white leather or tawers) around 1370. To the original romanesque St Michael's parish church of Opatovice (Kostel sv. Michala) were added a new choir and, around 1400, two side aisles. Building work was also carried out on St Peter's Church (na struze), which has not been preserved.

To the west of the parish Church of St Wenceslas at Zderaz (Kostel sv. Václava na Zderaze), King Wenceslas IV had built, starting in 1380, on a promontory overlooking the river, a small Gothic castle, probably with two storeys and vaulted chambers, which also had a five-storey tower and at least two crenellated walls. As part of the project in which the castle church was built, there also followed, before 1399, a Gothic rebuilding of St Wenceslas' Church.

In all probability there were similar enlargements to the Church of St John the Baptist and St Nicholas in Vyšehrad. Until around 1380 there were also some other small churches such as Holy Trinity Church south of the Emmaus Monastery, replaced around 1420 by the Gothic church of St Anthony; St Andrew's; St Michael's (Na slupi); and the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary under the Vyšehrad and the associated St Elisabeth's Almshouse.

The Church of St. Apollinaire is located in New Town in Prague in Apolinarska street on Vetrov hill.

The Jews' Garden
The almshouse of St Lazarus Church – both broken up at the turn of the century without previous examination – there was also an old Jewish cemetery, the Jews' Garden (Židovská zahrada). As early as 1254, under Ottokar II it was already given privileges. The Jews were further compelled to resettle in the immediate neighbourhood by Charles IV and Wenceslas IV. However they did not develop to the expected numbers, and thus in 1478 the Jewish cemetery was dissolved and the area was parcelled out and built upon. The Jews preferred to resettle in the Ghetto in the Old Town, and they were replaced by the houses of the butchers, whose market hall with 100 counters was already erected before 1349, north of the New Town Hall.

Literature

 * V. Huml/Z. Dragoun/R. Novy: Der archäologische Beitrag zur Problematik der Entwicklung Prags in der Zeit vom 9. bis zur Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts und die Erfassung der Ergebnisse der historisch-archäologischen Erforschung Prags. Zeitschrift für Archäologie des Mittelalters 18/19 (1990/91), S. 33-69.
 * František Graus:Prag als Mitte Böhmens 1346-1421. In: Emil Meynen (Hrsg.), Zentralität als Problem der mittelalterlichen Stadtgeschichtsforschung. Städteforschungen. Reihe A: Darstellungen Bd. 8 (Köln, Wien 1979). ISBN 978-3-412-03279-1.
 * Vilém Lorenc: Das Prag Karls IV. Die Prager Neustadt. Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 978-3-421-02576-0.
 * Nové Město pražské. 1348 - 1784. Praha 1998. ISBN 978-80-85394-19-1.
 * Ferdinand Seibt (Hrsg.): Kaiser Karl IV. Staatsmann und Mäzen [Begleitband Ausstellungen Nürnberg und Köln 1978/79]. München 1978. ISBN 978-3-7913-0435-9 (Mehrere Beiträge, besonders zu nennen ist W. Brosche: Zu einem Modell der Prager Neustadt. S. 242-249).
 * Jaroslava Staňková /Jiři Štursa/Svatopluk Voděra: Prag. Elf Jahrhunderte Architektur. Historischer Reiseführer. Praha 1991. ISBN 978-80-900003-3-9.

title: New Town, Prague


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Talk:Paul Wall

Please stop with the sneaky vandalism
This article is too short to successfully hide something like "Note: Paul Wall is a terrible rapper." I'd also suggest that in the future, the anonymous little imp not attempt to insert the insult directly underneath the "Solo Albums" title or that of any other major section. Of course, it would be preferable if the vandalism stopped altogether. BostonFenian (talk) 10:46, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

First 3 paragraphs
These are the same as the ones for chamillionaire —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.0.149.121 (talk) 08:21, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Occupation
Is he actually a jeweller like it says, i have trouble believeing that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.215.224.170 (talk) 09:02, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Well they do call him the "iceman" .. you know.. diamonds. Then you have the grill. So he's probably selling grills or something like that. --Josh1billion 03:31, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Update: here's a source about his "jeweller" side-occupation: http://www.muchmusic.com/news/story.asp?id=19951 --Josh1billion 03:42, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Race/ethnicity
Just what the HELL is Paul Wall? Is he Hispanic (most likely Mexican, considering the % of Mexicans in Texas), or white, or jewish (doubtful), or what? I can't tell by his real name, because although "Slayton" seems obviously to be of English descent, his other names don't seem to "sound white". Someone should clear this out. --unsigned

I'm pretty sure he's white. --Josh1billion 03:32, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Just what the HELL is Paul Wall?

Possible Death
there is a myspace bullitan about it and on the CNN scroller it says "Rapper Paul Wall Was Involved In A Tragic...." but there was a commercial so it cut off so i dunno wut it says till like 45min wen it reapeasts... but jus a heads up... R.I.P. if it's true --unsigned

That's not true. I just searched around CNN.com and Yahoo! News about it, and there's nothing. Must just be another false death rumor. Over a year ago, there was another rumor of Chamillionaire being shot and killed, and that was obviously false. --Josh1billion 03:41, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Criticisms
I deleted the section on criticisms because it was not written in an encyclopedic form nor did it have any information in it other than Paul Wall is white.

NONE of this article is written in encyclopedic form. It mostly just kisses his ass. I'm deleting all of it in the hopes that motivates his adoring fans to get some sources and type up a proper article.

Leave it in. I onyl came to his wiki to check if he was actually white as I could not be sure from looking at photos of him. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.113.27 (talk) 00:05, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Internet going nuts
someone vandalised it. --Chuck 20:00, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Jewish
Is Paul Wall really Jewish, as the article says? I googled and couldn't find anything that said so.

i dont know how to nreply properly im pali but honestly i dont give a dam if hes a jew

No: There is no evidence he is Jewish: Furthermore...
This article is laiden with self promotion and self loathing. Lynnarmstrong 03:23, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Paul Wall / Dr. Teeth
Is Paul Wall Dr.Teeth I hear alot of people say that the two are the same. Rumor also has it that Paul wall is a similar yet very different version of Eminem. Who would ever though that white boys could rap you heard that they can't jump. Just kidding Keep doing your thing it is better then some of the shit that that they call music (POSTED ANON)
 * No, Paul Wall is not Dr. Teeth. Dr. Teeth is a black music video director (he has directed most of the Swishahouse music videos), and he was shown prominently in the MTV "Making the Video" episode of Sittin Sideways. Anyways, what rumor says that Paul Wall is a "similar yet different" version of Eminem? The only similarity I see between them is that they are both white rappers. Big deal. They have very different styles and backgrounds. - BrandonR 00:51, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Anyways, Eminem raps white...You could not tell Paul Wall is white unless you saw him.Realferrari 08:15, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
 * What does that even mean? BostonFenian (talk) 10:41, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

I think he should be called Dr. teeth. Or Dr. Face. Or Facy Mc. Teeth Face. Or Face Face Teeth Face Teeth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.113.27 (talk) 00:26, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

"Dr. Teeth" is the lead vocalist and keyboardist for Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.226.171.125 (talk) 01:11, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Teeth (Braces?)

 * No, those are not braces. It's called a "grill" and it's basically just jewelry in your mouth. Paul Wall's consists of platinum and diamonds valued at over $25,000. -- BrandonR 01:05, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

What it do
It seems as though Paul Wall is the first to regularly use the phrase "What it do," and has also made it quite popular. . Maybe this should be added to the article.
 * What would it do? LOL Drdr1989 05:02, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

Weight Gain
What's up with Paul Wall's weight gain; have you seen him recently? Is it because of that syrup he's drinking? I heard it causes the body to gain weight at a quick pace. (POSTED ANON)
 * You know his wife is black, he probably be eating good at home.
 * I wondered this as well. --Glen 22:26, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

I think the weigth has something to do with the VAST AMOUNT OF ROCKS IN HIS MOUTH, but thats just me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.113.27 (talk) 00:27, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Other Ventures
Even though the section is labelled "other" ventures, versus "business" ventures, I still disagree that the section about cars belongs in there. Simply because he likes cars does not make it a "venture" of his. If he were heavily invested like, say, Wyclef Jean is (rumored to be designing a concept car of his own), in the car market, that's one thing. But Paul Wall is merely an enthusiast. I will move the paragraph to the main body of the article, to compromise. jglc | t | c 12:11, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

thats fine...i just didnt think it need to be removed completely. as long as its there, im happy...Jbenkato05 23:06, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

The article is pretty much ruined
Would it be a good idea to revert to this version?: []

Since nobody has replied I'll go on reverting it.
 * The Appearances part appears to be the only upgrade.

Slayton
I disagree with referring to him as Slayton in the first paragraph, especially since he is referred to as Paul Wall the rest of the article. Keeping it consistent would seem the best thing to do.

I get who Slayton and Wall are... but who is this "Bryant" referred to in the Personal section?

And who is this "Manry" in the background section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Xanthrax (talk • contribs) 17:44, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Image
There should be at least one image of Paul Wall. There have been previous images, which have unfortunately been removed. A bad image is better than none at all.

Personal life
He has only been with his girlfriend/wife since October 2005 but she gave birth to their first child in April 2006?? That's one short pregnancy!!! ChrisTheDude 13:38, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Three possiblities.

1. They had sex before they got together? (No way) 2. Paul Wall is not the child's father 3. the baby was born pre-mature. mirageinred 21:31, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it's #3. mirageinred 21:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Is the word "together" supposed to be synonymous with "married" in this case? That's a little ambiguous. Pumpkingrrl 07:54, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

But if the baby was premature, would "Fat" really be the appropriate nickname?
 * The baby's nickname is probably "Fat" because of the rapper Fat Pat, and the baby's middle name is Patrick.

*His Wife Crystal*
Is Crystal, his wife, african american? I dont know to many white female R&B singers... not that theres anything wrong with it, but its something that probably should be mentioned somewhere. 69.250.130.215 00:12, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

New Pic
--Ar-ras 02:22, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks! This pic clearly shows the jewelry in his mouth, including a design of green jewels (emeralds?) spelling out "PAUL WALL" against a backdrop of white jewels (diamonds?).   — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 01:59, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Dead?
Is Paul Wall seriously dead? I don't see how he could seriously be dead without the media giving some serious attention to it... Seriously though, the world would not be the same without Paul Wall. -Nick T. ΛΧΑ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.151.136.157 (talk • contribs • WHOIS ) 00:48, 7 March 2007

 * here is the proof that he isnt dead

 * http://m30.ca/contest/?paulwall?WolfMan — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.180.10.157 (talk • contribs • WHOIS ) 09:22, 1 May 2007

 * How is that proof?   — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 20:30, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Given the schedule of upcoming tour dates on DJ Paul Wall (official), I'd tend to doubt that he's dead.   — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 20:30, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Screwed and Chopped
I want to know who the fuck erased the part of albums Paul Wall chopped and screwed. It took me a longass muthafuckin' time to do that shit. I worked and lost a lot of time in vain. That's fucked up.

Fo' shizle!

Yes, I agree with the "article is pretty much ruined" post.
The article, the way it is now, reads more like a promotional magazine article than a wikipedia article that remains neutral. It should be reverted to the link the person put above. Researchyourresearch 17:37, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Use of term "boi"
I have read up on Paul Wall and he is happily married and seems to be straight. In the UK boi is a term for a gay man. Is boi just a hip hop term for a man in the US, or are people that use "boi" trying to insinuate that Paul Wall has homosexual leanings? If Paul Wall is gay of course it would not matter to me. Jmm6f488 01:10, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

In the US "boi" generally has no homosexual implications, see Big Boi for more information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.198.168.12 (talk) 17:52, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Rasaq
Why no mention of the "alleged" jumping on Rasaq? It's mentioned on Chamillionare's page and Rasaq's page as well. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

WTF?
Mane, who wrote all the damn random letters in the biography section? I'll fix that quickly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.197.245.159 (talk) 18:39, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Vital stats
Alright, this revert war has been going on for just over two years now. Let's get is resolved. Best I can tell, we have User:Otherbrothergideon saying he is the biological father and has copy of birth cert and related documents supporting "Paul Manry", born 3-11-1981. But we have several cited sources that disagree, supporting a 1980 birth and a name of "Paul Slayton". After a query at WP:EAR, editors noted that AllMusic (with 1980) was a reliable source that disagreed with the less reliable IMDB (1981). At one point, Otherbrothergideon said that the name was "Paul Gideon Manry, later changed to Paul Slayton", which seems like a possible timeline that explains some discrepancy (depending on timing of change to a "different" set of parents in his life). But then we have the askmen ref, an interview with Wall himself with an intro that states "Paul Slayton on March 30, 1980". I don't know anything about any of this, but the edit-war needs to stop and reliable sources need to be used to be able to verify the information. Heck, I don't even know how to verify (without forcing publication of private documents) the birth-cert -> changed name that seems like a possible explanation for the situation. DMacks (talk) 00:34, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

birth and name
Paul was on KILT 610 radio in the afternoon, in mid-2008 and was asked his birthdate, and he confirmed on the air to Adam & Rich that it is indeed 3-11-1981. I knew that already because I am his biological father. His last name was Manry when born. His mother and I were divorced when he was a child and I later became unable to pay child support for a time. Facing some legal issues, I made the obviously difficult choice to surrender my parental rights. Paul's (and his older sister's) step-father (Michael Slayton) then adopted them. If you listen to the celebrity birthday portion of the DriveTime Players show on KILT-610AM (approximately 3:45PM) on March 11, you will hear Paul's name announced. By the way, he was born in Georgetown, Texas even though his parents at the time lived in Houston. Georgetown Hospital was chosen because it allowed the birth experience as explained in the book "Birth Without Violence" by LeBoyer. His birth certificate clearly shows his name, his parents' names and his birthplace. Of course, adoption can include a change of the birth certificate to reflect a name change - I love him & wish him well but I remain his biological father and he was born Paul Gideon Manry in Georgetown Tx on March 11, 1981 - it doesn't matter how or why these other sites have his birthdate recorded in 1980 - God Bless him and his family, and congratulations to him for losing all that weight - here's to a long and prosperous life to him and his family (otherbrothergideon) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Otherbrothergideon (talk • contribs) 01:33, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, this may all be true but this is America and if he plans on concealing his birthname, unfortunately for you, he can do that unless some celebrity hunter can prove/demonstrate otherwise... And even then he could prevent that information from being released by tying it up in the courts or having the records sealed... The last thing America is concerned with is the truth... It is about damage-control and who is able to manage it... Did George Washington chop down the cherry tree? There is no evidence, but they're still teaching it in school... Stevenmitchell (talk) 16:45, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

cheeseburger
Should this article mention that Paul Wall along with rapper C-stone filmed the popular video of a man at a Whataburger fighting over a cheeseburger. The story could be found here: http://gawker.com/5503422/cheeseburger-brawl-results-in-de+pantsing-is-videotaped-by-famous-rapper —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.229.198.133 (talk) 14:54, 31 March 2010 (UTC)

100lb Weight Loss / Source 14
The 14th citation links to something completely unrelated -- and the claim which its supposed to report sounds like a joke or something... he lost 100lbs in 2010 with extreme diet and gastric surgery according to a bad link?

206.169.234.26 (talk) 05:02, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

Small Business
Paul Walls Small Business making and installing grills was a big part of his fame and economic success, there needs to be a section at least mentioning this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheHappiestCritic (talk • contribs) 01:21, 20 October 2011 (UTC)

Picture
I have changed the picture of Paul Wall in the infobox. The current picture is a thoroughly better representation of Paul Wall than the previous picture. To wit, it shows his trademark "grills," shows Paul Wall in a style much more common to him, and provides a better view of his entire face. The previous picture had much of his face both small and partially blocked and showed Paul wall wearing camouflage. Ua747sp (talk) 11:18, 14 February 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:30, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Not to be confised with Paul Walker?
Why in the world is that link at the top of this article. This needs to go as it is utterly useless and out of place. Captainfishpond (talk) 04:02, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Paul Wall


text:
Talk:Ronald T. Kadish

Untitled
I've been told by people who worked with Kadish that he was a stern but extremely effective leader. I'm not sure how / if this could be incorporated into the article. Acegikmo1 21:16, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ronald T. Kadish


text:
Talk:National Geomagnetism Program

Untitled
The article United States Geological Survey says, National Geomagnetism Progrma distributes daily magnetometer data - is that true? Where can i find that data? --Abdull 21:17, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:National Geomagnetism Program


text:
Lan Samantha Chang

Lan Samantha Chang (Chinese: 張嵐; pinyin: Zhāng Lán) is an American novelist and short story writer. She is the author of The Family Chao (2022) and short story collection Hunger. For her fiction, which explores Chinese American experiences, she is a recipient of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Berlin Prize, the PEN/Open Book Award and the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.

She is the Elizabeth M. Stanley Professor in the Arts at the University of Iowa and the Director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop. She is the first woman, and the first Asian American, to hold the position.

Life
Lan Samantha Chang was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, and attended Yale University, where she earned her bachelor's degree in East Asian Studies. She worked briefly in publishing in New York City, before getting her MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University. She is a graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop and was a Stegner Fellow in Fiction at Stanford.

Work
Chang's first book is a novella and short stories, titled Hunger (1998). The stories are set in the US and China, and they explore home, family, and loss. The New York Times Book Review called it "Elegant.… A delicately calculated balance sheet of the losses and gains of immigrants whose lives are stretched between two radically different cultures." The Washington Post called it "A work of gorgeous, enduring prose." The collection won the California Book Awards' Silver Medal for Fiction and was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Awards's Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction.

Her first novel, Inheritance (2004), is about a family torn apart by the Japanese invasion during World War II. The Boston Globe said: "The story…is foreign in its historical sweep and social detail but universal in its emotional truth." Publishers Weekly noted: "It is memory — rather than dramatic action — at which Chang excels; her prose is lovely." The novel won a PEN Open Book Award in 2005.

Chang's second novel, All Is Forgotten, Nothing Is Lost (2011), follows two poets and their friendship as they explore the depths and costs of making art. The book received a starred review from Booklist and praise: "Among the many threads Chang elegantly pursues—the fraught relationships between mentors and students, the value of poetry, the price of ambition—it is her indelible portrait of the loneliness of artistic endeavor that will haunt readers the most in this exquisitely written novel about the poet’s lot." NPR wrote: "This relatively short novel begins small, but blossoms into a full and resonant story of the pains and perils, falsehoods and truths of trying to be an American artist, in this case poet, against all odds, psychological and social. In its own way, it is rather unforgettable."

Chang's fourth book and third novel, The Family Chao, was published by the W. W. Norton & Company. The Guardian praised it: "One of the many pleasures of The Family Chao is the way the novel dramatises the gap between how a family wants to be seen, and its messier inner realities." The Star Tribune called it "A playful literary romp with a serious heart. Operatic and subversive."

Barack Obama chose the novel for his 2022 summer reading list. The book was a Jeopardy! clue on October 6, 2022. It won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Fiction in 2023.

Chang has received fellowships from MacDowell, the American Library in Paris, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and the National Endowment for the Arts. In 2024, she received an Arts and Letters Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and a fourth MacDowell Fellowship.

Directorship of Iowa Writers' Workshop
As the sixth director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, Chang has been fundamental to the increase of racial, cultural, and aesthetic diversity within the program, and has mentored a number of emerging writers. Beyond that, she is credited with increasing the program’s endowment from $2.6 million to $12.5 million. In 2019, she received the Michael J. Brody Award and the Regents' Award for Excellence from the University of Iowa.

In a 2022 interview with Open Country Mag, she discussed what her 17 years at the helm means: "One thing that seemed really clear to me was that if we were to represent American literature then we had to bring in literature from all over the world. There is the possibility of creating the conversation not just in this country but around the world that brings in as many voices as possible, and that is a goal of mine with this program. I feel like what we’re doing is work in progress."

About her work as the program director, Oprah Daily wrote: "Under Lan Samantha Chang’s mentorship, a new generation of writers has emerged."

Awards and distinctions

 * 2024 : Arts and Letters Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters
 * 2024 : MacDowell Fellowship
 * 2023 : Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Fiction, for The Family Chao
 * 2021 : Berlin Prize Fellow, American Academy in Berlin
 * 2016 : Doctor of Humane Letters, Lawrence University
 * 2015 : American Library in Paris Visiting Fellowship
 * 2008 : Guggenheim Fellowship
 * 2005 : PEN Open Book Award, for Inheritance
 * 2000 : Radcliffe Fellow, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University
 * 1999 : Alfred Hodder Fellow, Princeton University
 * 1999 : Los Angeles Times Book Awards, Finalist, Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction, for Hunger
 * 1999 : California Book Awards, Silver Medal for Fiction, for Hunger
 * 1998 : National Endowment for the Arts, Creative Writing Fellowship in Prose
 * 1998 : Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award
 * 1993 : Stegner Fellowship, Stanford University

Critical studies

 * Jonathan Freedman. "Transgressions of a Model Minority." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, 2005 Summer; 23 (4): 69–97.
 * Hetty Lanier Keaton. Feeding Hungry Ghosts: Food, Family, and Desire in Stories by Contemporary Chinese American Women. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2002 July; 63 (1): 187–88. U of Tulsa, 2002.

title: Lan Samantha Chang


text:
Talk:Virgin Lands campaign

Hurricanes?
"In 1963, Kazakhstan was lashed by hurricanes and millions of hectares of soil were rendered unusable."

I'd very much like to know exactly how Kazakhstan, a landlocked nation, could possibly be hit by hurricanes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.87.107.66 (talk) 09:28, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree... When was the last time Kazakhstan was even threatened by a hurricane? I hope someone can shed some light and edit this passage appropriately.  Please mind the embellishment of encyclopedia articles.  As stated in Dragnet:  "Just the facts, Ma'am" (though you may substitute "Sir" as the final word).  —Preceding unsigned comment added by DeftHand (talk • contribs) 08:56, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

Continuation of Tsarist-era idea?
Am I correct in thinking that the idea that Kazakhstan could be made into farmland was one fancied by the pre-soviet government, and wasn't the tsarist times construction of railroads and irrigation there a first step in that project? If so, do we have sn article on tsarist russia's attempts to "civilise" central asia, to which we could link from here? -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 21:19, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Good article
With cited sources it would be even better. See also Footnotes. - FrancisTyers 05:01, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

I don't agree with this article at all. The Virgin Lands Campaign was a failure, lead to Khrushchev's demise! The soil was infertile!! What are you talking about??

Bias
There's a very strong tone of "failure" in the article, which I have not necessarily seen mirrored in other things I've read on the subject. Particularly, it's important that failure, if any, be very clearly identified as individual events, and not given strong political overtones. For example, one might say that the rapid and poorly-planned campaign caused soil depletion and environmental damage, but turning this into Krushchev's political undoing is inaccurate. As his article states, there were various influences leading to his political failures (probably largest of which was his personality), and the Virgin Lands Campaign is not mentioned at all. -banzaimonkey 17:49, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Some of this political-guessing bias removed. `'юзырь:mikka 08:44, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Missing Information
The article is missing information on two subjects that I've seen discussed in other sources. The first is the migrations that the Virgin Lands Campaign brought about. This is mentioned in the overview, but it would be good to have a more detailed section which discusses the consequences of the campaign and the migrations it caused. Also, there is no mention of environmental damage from chemical use, which I've seen in several other sources. -banzaimonkey 17:49, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Wheat?
Umm....yeah, it wasn't wheat that they tried, it was corn. This page really needs cleaning up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.131.88.208 (talk) 05:30, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

More anti-Soviet rhetoric
Agreed with previous contributor - this page needs sorting out. The "failure" tone is obvious and overpowering, like how did the USSR dare actually achieve anything? Yes they never recouped the early success of the Virgin Lands scheme, but it was a brave and daring project by Khrushchev who was a peasant man at heart. Another sad example here of trying to rewrite history, which is sadly often levelled at Wikipedia. Koshmar UK (talk) 11:50, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I read a book on the history of Russia and in that book too this experiment was listed as largely a failure. If you have sources listing the accomplishments and success of this campaign then please add them to this article. AadaamS (talk) 12:46, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Virgin Lands campaign


text:
Dave Clarke (DJ)

David Maurice Clarke (born 1968) is an English electronic music DJ, producer and radio presenter. BBC radio presenter John Peel named Clarke "The Baron of Techno".

Early life
Born in Brighton, East Sussex, England, Clarke was educated at Brighton College, but moved out of home at the age of 16 after his parents separated.

Since the age of 8, Clarke has been interested in music and technology, and to him, "there was no alternative but to go professional."

After a brief period of homelessness, a friend offered him temporary accommodation and Clarke continued to develop his love for music — initially hip hop and post-punk. The Damned was an early influence for Clarke and he continues to listen to the band during his music career:

"I bought my first Damned album because I thought they sounded like they'd be really evil," he declares, "and even now their album Machine Gun Etiquette is one I keep coming back to. I like the attitude, the free rein of it, and on an artistic level I see my music as in the alternative genre rather than dance music. Techno and electro is an alternative that happens to be on the peripheries of dance music."

During this period, his employment included a low-paying job in a shoe shop; however, his musical ambitions were established at this stage of his life: "I used to tell people when I was working in a shoe shop that I would one day travel the world based on a career in music... I was that driven." Musical success began when he attained a DJ residency at the Brighton nightclub "Toppers", which rivalled a club night run by John Digweed (then known as DJ JD). Clarke later explained that he regarded the period "as an apprenticeship".

Clarke's music reviews were also published in the now-defunct DMC Update magazine and he reviewed the inaugural single by Aphex Twin. Clarke acknowledged in 2013, "having my reviews in there [DMC Update] helped me to get the vinyls I needed to be out there DJing."

Musical career
Clarke's musical career commenced as a producer and his first release was under the moniker "Hardcore" on the XL Recordings label in 1990. The release occurred two years after he played his first international show at the now-defunct "Richters" venue in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The XL release gained the attention of Belgian techno music label R&S Records and he subsequently released various EPs in 1991 as both Hardcore and "Directional Force".

In 1992 Clarke launched his own music label, "Magnetic North", releasing recordings under the moniker "Fly By Wire". He then produced a series of EPs under the name "Red", one of which was listed by the DJ Mag publication in its "All Time Techno Top 100" list. The Red recordings led to a significant level of attention for Clarke, who subsequently produced remixes for prominent artists such as Kevin Saunderson's "Inner City", The Chemical Brothers, New Order and Underworld.

Signed to the de-Construction label, Clarke then released his debut album, Archive One, in 1996, which contained elements of the breakbeat and electronica genres. Clarke is one of the few DJs who performed live on Peel's radio show and segments of the performance were released as The John Peel Session EP on the Strange Fruit label in 1997, under the name "Directional Force". Also in 1997, Peel identified Archive 1 as number 14 in a list of his top 20 albums at the time.

Clarke then released a series of DJ mix albums, including two World Service sets, released on the React Records label at the beginning of the 21st century. One of the albums sold over 100,000 copies, while World Service Vol. 1 was ranked number 9 in the Resident Advisor (RA) magazine poll of best mix albums from the 2000–2009 period. In response to the RA ranking, Clarke stated:

There was a general frustration for me at the time that I started putting World Service together that there was so much good electro and techno coming out at the time, and I didn't want to do just one specific genre on a mix. I wanted it to be a continuation of my radio show—similar to the BBC's World Service—available to everyone around the globe. While I think I prefer the electro mix from World Service 2, there are so many great tracks on the first.

The album Devil's Advocate, released in 2004, was Clarke's output during a brief period with the Skint music label and featured collaborations with Chicks on Speed, Mr Lif and DJ Rush. In 2006 Clarke launched his weekly radio program, "White Noise", on Dutch radio broadcaster VPRO (3FM).

Clarke relocated to Amsterdam in 2008, explaining in 2013 that he "just couldn't grow there [England] anymore." Following Clarke's performance at Richter in the 1980s, he states that he "fell in love with the place and hoped one day to live" in the city. Clarke commended Amsterdam in 2013, as it "has so many great things, an amazing way of life in the most beautiful setting with a bloody great big and reliable airport 15 mins away."

In 2011 Clarke started a new project called "_Unsubscribe_" with Jonas Uittenbosch (aka Mr. Jones), after they met in Utrecht, the Netherlands. They have remixed artists such as Ben Sims, Detroit Grand Pubahs and Boys Noize. In May 2013 their debut single, "Spek Hondje", appeared on the Houndstooth label—prior to this, Clarke had not recorded in a studio for six years.

Since relocating to Amsterdam, Clarke founded the "Dave Clarke Presents" event moniker that, as of 2013, appeared on eight sold-out occasions at the annual Amsterdam dance event (ADE) and hosted the second-biggest outdoor stage at the Tomorrowland 2012 festival in Belgium; Dave Clarke Presents returned for Tomorrowland 2013. Clarke has also appeared at other prominent festival events, such as Awakenings, Glastonbury, Pukkelpop and Nature One.

As of 2013, Clarke's DJ presence at clubs includes Fabric in London, UK, Berghain in Berlin, Germany, and Fuse in Brussels, Belgium. In a 2013 interview, Clarke explained that Fabric and the "celtic side" (Ireland and Scotland) were solely responsible for quality electronica in the UK region:

But yes, the scene is cheesy in the UK, why do I think this...well I blame one person: Pete Tong, the driver of big business into UK radio. That is my interpretation anyway. Also the sad demise of record shops didn't help sustain a healthy disdain to the commerciality so omnipresent in the UK. Yes, Fabric kicks the crap away with an amazing stance for quality week in week out, but you mostly have to go to the celtic side to get back the punky attitude, Scotland, Ireland...

Clarke performed at the Smart Bar in Chicago, United States (US) in November 2013, which was his first American live show in around eight years. Clarke explained in a promotional interview that "shiesty promoters not being professional and honouring legal commitments" were responsible for his protracted absence. In the same interview, Clarke also provided his perspective on US electronica:

That is strange for me, the US invents house and electro, digests European electronica and comes up with Techno, yet never understands the culture it gave Europe and the World and doesn't treat these innovators with any deep respect or understanding above cult status, that is a dilemma I cannot fathom.

As of 11 July 2021, 810 editions of "White Noise" have been broadcast and the program has moved from VPRO (3FM) to the Irish station RTÉ 2fm. Clarke explained in 2013 that the radio show "really is my way of paying back the scene."

Clarke was featured in the April 2014 edition of Mixmag magazine, in which he states: "EDM is a vehicle for ego-centric artists to expand their wallets". In 2014 Clarke will curate a stage at Belgium's Tomorrowland event for the third consecutive year and explained in a June 2014 interview with American magazine Big Shot: "In Belgium they always had an understanding and respect for underground music. I have been playing there for over 20 years so I think in their hearts they love having a bit of punk spirit on a very successful EDM festival, for me it is an honor to be entrusted in doing an alternative stage." When asked for his final thoughts in the Big Shot interview, Clarke stated: "An American mag asking me questions whilst I am not and never have been part of EDM has to be an honor."

DJ equipment
Clarke has not played vinyl in clubs since the end of the 2004, and instead played digital files on CD (his players of choice were the Technics DZ1210). In mid-2006, he then used the Technics DZ1210 in conjunction with Serato Scratch Live—with an SL3 converter—but also uses Pioneer CDJs or Denon CD DJ players (DJ SC2900), the latter of which he helped develop. For fast & easy navigation on Serato he is using a SpaceNavigator.

Clarke explained in June 2014 that he never prepares his DJ sets, which he explained was considered "weird" by others. Clarke explained:

I like to be on my toes and be instinctual and “live,” so I will deal with each gig as it comes. Of course some are more “pressured” than others, but as an artist you feed off that.

Personal life
In 2013 Clarke explained that his experience as a professional DJ was a combination of "ups and downs":

... the travelling is tough, the lack of sleep is a killer (3–4 hours over 2–3 days), giving up your weekends for 25 years needs understanding from friends and family, being dead tired on a Tuesday is really a bummer, being in cars for hours on end when you want/need to sleep can drive you mad, being in a club when people really get you and all is syncopated is pure magic ...

Clarke also described an ideal Sunday in his life at the time: "Getting home at 8am, my lovely girlfriend cooking me breakfast after I have a bath, sleeping for four hours, then going for a walk together to a record shop, then a steaming hot curry. That is heaven."

Albums

 * Archive One (1996) – UK No. 36
 * Devil's Advocate (2003)
 * Remixes & Rarities (2006)
 * Charcoal Eyes (A Selection of Remixes from Amsterdam) (2016)
 * The Desecration of Desire (2017)

Singles and EPs

 * "Red 1" (1994)
 * "Red 2" (1994)
 * "Red Three : Thunder / Storm" (1995)
 * "Southside" (1996)
 * "No One's Driving" (1996)
 * "Shake Your Booty" (1997)
 * "Before I Was So Rudely Interrupted" (2000)
 * "The Compass" (2001)
 * "The Wolf" (2002)
 * "Way of Life" (2003)
 * "The Wiggle" (2004)
 * "Just Ride" (2004)
 * "What Was Her Name?" (2004)
 * "Blue on Blue" (2004)
 * "Dirtbox" (2005)
 * "The Wolf/Way of Life" (remixes) (2017)
 * "Charcoal Eyes (Glass Tears)" featuring Mark Lanegan (2017)
 * "I'm Not Afraid" featuring Anika (2017)

DJ mix compilations

 * Dave Clarke Presents X-Mix – Electro Boogie (1996)
 * Muzik Masters (1996)
 * Dave Clarke Presents Electro Boogie Vol. 2 – The Throwdown (1998)
 * Fuse Presents Dave Clarke (1999)
 * World Service (2001)
 * World Service 2 (2005)
 * I ♥ Techno (2007)
 * Back in the Box (2008)
 * Fabric 60 (2011)

Selected remixes

 * Aphrohead a.k.a. Felix Da Housecat – ("In the Dark We Live") (1994)
 * Death in Vegas – ("Rocco") (1996)
 * The Chemical Brothers – ("Chemical Beats") (1996)
 * Moby – ("Run On") (1999)
 * Depeche Mode – ("Dream On")
 * Midfield General – ("Coatnoise") (2000)
 * Fischerspooner – ("Emerge") (2001)
 * Chicks on Speed – ("Wordy Rappinghood") (2003)
 * I Am Kloot – ("These Days Are Mine") (2013)
 * Marcel Fengler – ("Sky Pushing") (2014)

title: Dave Clarke (DJ)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Resolutions

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to Resolution. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Resolutions
Not nonsense, but very poor quality. Only contribution by an anonymous user. Looks like an innocent experiment by a newbie, but still probably worth a Speedy Delete, maybe a Redirect to Resolution, along with a welcome message to the contributor (once we figure out what we're doing with it)? I stumbled onto here looking for the Star Trek episode titled Resolutions, so maybe even better would be to turn it into a redirect to Star Trek: Voyager, or a dab page??? RoySmith 21:19, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 21:20, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Resolution. Pburka 21:29, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to resolution. Why the numbers, guys? -mysekurity 21:44, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Resolution. JamesBurns 08:48, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Lake Alpine

Lake Alpine is a reservoir in Alpine County, California, formed by Alpine Dam on Silver Creek. It is located east of Bear Valley in the Sierra Nevada range. It sits at 7,303 feet (2,227 m) above mean sea level and is a popular spot for outdoor activities, such as boating and hiking in the summer, and snowmobiling and skiing in the winter, although it may be inaccessible at times due to snow. California State Route 4 passes to the north of Lake Alpine between Bear Valley and the Pacific Grade Summit.

title: Lake Alpine