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Rio (hotel and casino)

The Rio is a hotel and casino near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by Dreamscape Companies LLC. It includes a 117330 sqft casino and 2,520 suites. It features a Brazilian theme based on Rio Carnival.

The Rio opened on January 15, 1990, with a 44000 sqft casino and 424 suites. It was the first all-suite hotel in the Las Vegas Valley. It was owned by Anthony Marnell and built by Marnell Corrao Associates. The property struggled during its first two years because of its off-Strip location, but it would eventually thrive. The Rio's success prompted a number of hotel expansions in the 1990s. The hotel includes the three-wing Ipanema Tower, which stands at 20 stories. A 1997 renovation added Masquerade Village, a two-story retail and restaurant complex which also featured the Masquerade Show in the Sky. The 41-story Masquerade Tower was added as well.

In 1999, Marnell sold the Rio to Harrah's Entertainment for $766 million. The property suffered financially after the sale, in part because of new competition. It would lose its popularity in the years to follow, as Harrah's would eventually turn its focus to other Las Vegas properties that it owned. From 2005 to 2021, the Rio was the host site for the World Series of Poker. Portions of the hotel were closed in 2007 for county inspections, after it was discovered that renovations had been done a few years earlier without permitting. Numerous repairs had to be made after the inspections revealed flaws and fire safety hazards.

Harrah's was renamed Caesars Entertainment in 2010. The Rio was sold to Dreamscape owner and New York investor Eric Birnbaum in 2019, at a cost of $516 million. Caesars continued to operate the casino through a lease agreement extending to October 2023, after which Dreamscape took over. A two-phase renovation began in August 2023, and will update the entire property. Marnell was hired as architect for the renovation project, due to his prior experience with the resort.

The Rio has hosted numerous entertainers, including Danny Gans and Prince. Magicians Penn & Teller, as well as the male revue Chippendales, have entertained at the resort since 2001.

Marnell ownership (1990–99)
The Rio was originally owned by Anthony Marnell, the chairman of MarCor. The company purchased the vacant property in 1988, at a cost of $11 million. At the end of the year, it announced plans to build the Rio, which would be Las Vegas' first all-suite hotel-casino. MarCor broke ground on the $80 million project on February 9, 1989. The groundbreaking ceremony included a 15-foot by 30-foot sand sculpture replica of the 21-story hotel. The resort was designed and built by Marnell Corrao Associates.

The Rio opened on January 15, 1990. It featured a Brazilian theme based on Rio Carnival, and Brazilian musician Sérgio Mendes performed at the resort a few weeks later. The property included a 44000 sqft casino, with 900 slot machines and 42 table games. It also had 424 suites, five restaurants, five bars, and a pool with a waterfall. It employed 1,500 workers, including cocktail waitresses known as Ipanema Girls. The resort's target demographic would consist primarily of local residents and motorists from southern California. Resort officials believed that the property's location, just west of Interstate 15 and the Las Vegas Strip, would be appealing to tourists.

The Rio was the first casino opened by MarCor, which had largely focused on business parks and shopping centers. Marnell took over operations at the Rio 10 months after its opening, as he had found the early results dissatisfying. The resort struggled during its first two years, due to its location away from the Strip. By 1992, MarCor had sold all of its other properties to focus solely on the Rio.

Expansions
The hotel was soon successful, prompting a 437-unit addition, which broke ground on January 4, 1993. A $25 million expansion was announced later that year which would include more casino space. The new hotel tower opened during Labor Day weekend, bringing the room count to 861. The casino expansion opened at the end of 1993. A few months later, the resort announced a $75 million addition which would further expand the casino, and would increase the hotel with 549 rooms, for a total of 1,410. A dance and supper club, known as Club Rio, was opened in 1994, and was subsequently turned into a showroom.

The Rio had a $250,000 laser system for nighttime displays. The system had to be adjusted in 1994, to avoid temporarily blinding commercial pilots. In 1995, Zagat named the Rio number one in the categories of Best Overall, Best Dining, Best Rooms and Best Service. A $20 million expansion began that year, adding 144 suites, more meeting room space, and a new health club and salon facility. The original hotel structure and its extensions make up the Ipanema Tower, which consists of three wings, built out in a "Y" shape.

A $187 million expansion was underway in 1996, including six new restaurants and the addition of a 41-story tower with 1,000 rooms. The new tower brought the room count to 2,563, ranking the Rio among the world's largest hotels. The tower rises 383 feet.

In February 1997, the Rio unveiled its indoor Masquerade Village, a Mardi Gras-themed attraction at the base of the new tower that included retail, restaurants, and a wine cellar. The retail space consisted of 21 stores, spread across two floors and occupying a total of 32000 sqft. At the time, Marnell held a 25-percent interest in the resort and was its largest shareholder.

Another expansion began at the end of 1997, adding more convention and retail space, and increasing the size of the resort's spa, among other areas. The project, expected for completion in 1999, would also add a valet parking garage,  and the Palazzo Suites for high rollers. The nine suites are located in a separate building located on the Rio property.

The Rio was one of the fastest-growing resort properties in Las Vegas. Its clientele was split between locals and tourists,  and the property began offering beach parties and targeting a younger clientele and international high rollers. In 1998, readers of Travel + Leisure named the Rio as the world's number one hotel value.

Harrah's/Caesars ownership (1999–2019)
In August 1998, Harrah's Entertainment (later Caesars Entertainment Corporation) agreed to purchase the Rio from Marnell. The sale was finalized five months later, at a cost of $766 million. Harrah's considered the Rio to be among its top resorts. Later in 1999, Harrah's and Rio began operating the short-lived National Airlines service. New villas were built for high rollers, and the casino's private baccarat area was redesigned. The resort also increased its convention center space from 15000 sqft to 110000 sqft.

In 2000, the National Labor Relations Board filed a complaint against the Rio, suspecting it of firing or harassing employees who sought unionization with the Culinary Workers Union. Later that year, the union filed a lawsuit against the Rio, seeking to represent its 3,000 employees. The Rio was unionized in January 2001, after a majority of employees voiced their support.

Undeveloped acreage near the Rio was a significant reason for Harrah's purchase, and the company considered using the site for additional hotel rooms. However, profits were hurt in 2000 due to table game losses. The departure of entertainer Danny Gans was another factor for the property's poor performance, along with competition from new resorts, including the Bellagio, Mandalay Bay, the Venetian, Paris, and the Aladdin. The Rio laid off nearly 200 employees as a cost-saving measure.

The property saw financial improvement in 2001, and Harrah's announced that it was in the early stages of planning for a new hotel tower at the Rio. However, the property's revenue declined again later in the year, which Harrah's blamed on table game losses. The Rio's younger clientele had since moved on to newer resorts, and the property partnered with the men's magazine Maxim in an effort to recapture the demographic. Through the partnership, the Rio would be advertised in the magazine, and parties – known as Maxim Lounge – would be held at the Rio. Cash flow subsequently improved, and Harrah's submitted plans to the county in 2002, for a new hotel and casino on the undeveloped acreage. Marnell had previously planned to build another resort on the same property.

In December 2003, Harrah's announced a partnership with Voyager Entertainment to build what would have been the world's tallest observation wheel, rising 600 feet. It would be part of an $86 million complex that would include three floors of retail, restaurants, and a nightclub. The project would be built on the Rio parking lot's southeast side. Construction was scheduled to begin within three months, with the opening in July 2005. Another hotel tower was also a possibility, although there were no immediate plans to build one. Despite a lack of financing, Voyager stated that it would have no issues in raising the necessary funds. Negotiations between Voyager and Harrah's eventually derailed, and the project was canceled in April 2004.

In May 2004, the Rio began preliminary operations of a power plant which would ultimately provide 40 percent of the property's power. A month later, construction began on a $39 million expansion of the Rio Pavilion Convention Center. It was built north of the resort's existing facilities, and was opened in 2005.

The Rio became the host casino for the World Series of Poker in 2005, boosting the resort's popularity. The Rio's importance to Harrah's was diminished after the company purchased Caesars Entertainment in 2005, thereby acquiring several resorts on the Las Vegas Strip. In 2005, the Rio's cocktail servers were fitted with RFID tracking tags in their uniforms, allowing management to determine how long customers were waiting to be served.

Renovation project
Various hotel renovations took place from 2004 to 2006, in the Ipanema Tower. In October 2007, a number of hotel rooms in the tower were closed for county inspections, after a two-month investigation by the Las Vegas Review-Journal found that the remodeling had taken place without permits and inspections. The county had briefly looked into the renovation work, but quickly dismissed concerns about the lack of permits, until the news investigation prompted a reopening of the case. At one point prior to the case's reopening, a building inspection supervisor claimed to have examined 37 rooms throughout the tower, finding no major issues. It was later discovered that the supervisor had only been at the Rio for 38 minutes.

The renovations had occurred on floors 3 through 19, and there were concerns about whether the renovated floors were up to fire safety standards. The entire 19th floor was gutted, except for the walls of the central hallway. Harrah's initially dismissed concerns about the renovations, stating that they were cosmetic and did not require permits. Of the tower's 1,448 rooms, 12 were closed for inspections. Within a few days, the closure extended to 140 rooms across the 18th and 19th floors. Concrete slabs in between the two floors were lacking fire sealant following the renovations, and such repairs were eventually undertaken on 360 rooms in an entire wing of the Ipanema Tower that dated to the property's opening in 1990. Various other problems were discovered as well, including the unauthorized installation of ceiling lights and electrical outlets. Post-tension cables were also damaged in some rooms during the remodeling.

The county inspection expanded to other floors in December 2007, after additional fire safety hazards were found. These included unsealed holes which would allow the infiltration of smoke in the event of a fire. More than 1,000 rooms were inspected, and 50 were closed for a lengthy period of time. Harrah's received four criminal misdemeanor citations for the unauthorized renovations.

Later years
Following the 2008 financial crisis, most of Harrah's cash flow went to its Strip properties, leaving the Rio to become neglected. At the end of 2008, the Rio launched an opt-in mobile marketing campaign, providing promotions to customers via text messages. Two years later, it began offering resident discounts in an effort to attract more locals.

As of 2010, Harrah's had considered several purchase offers for the Rio, including a $450 million proposal by Penn National Gaming. Out of Harrah's 10 local properties, 9 of them were on the Las Vegas Strip, with the Rio as the outlier. The Rio's off-Strip location made it difficult for Harrah's to market the resort to customers of its other properties. Furthermore, the Rio had lost the popularity it had under Marnell's ownership in the 1990s. The property had received numerous complaints relating to maintenance and service, which employees blamed on cost-cutting measures by Harrah's. However, an imminent sale did not occur, and the Rio remained under the same ownership for the next decade.

Harrah's was renamed Caesars Entertainment Corporation later in 2010. At the time, the Rio was valued at approximately $500 million. It included a 117300 sqft casino with 1,100 slot machines and 90 table games, as well as 160000 sqft of convention space.

The Rio stayed competitive in the 2010s thanks to the World Series of Poker, as well as Caesars' database of 55 million rewards club members. Superkarts USA (SKUSA) also held its SuperNationals kart racing event at the Rio each year, taking place on a temporary circuit set up in the resort's parking lot. The Rio has also hosted a Star Trek convention every year since 2011. In addition, it hosted the DEF CON hacker convention from 2011 to 2014.

A robbery occurred in 2011, with $33,200 in casino chips stolen. Two men were arrested in connection with the robbery,  and a third was apprehended nine years later. In 2013, a norovirus outbreak occurred among 100 people staying at the Rio for a youth football tournament taking place in Las Vegas.

On the evening of December 28, 2016, water from a clogged sink overflowed into an electrical conduit, in a service area of the Masquerade Tower. It caused a fuse to blow, cutting out power for 400 rooms located on the 22nd floor and onward. The blown fuse had also sparked a small fire in a service elevator, which was put out by sprinklers. However, the next morning, leftover sprinkler water trickled down and shorted out a fuse in the backup generator, which cut out power for another 500 rooms. Guests had to be evacuated to other hotels. Six guests received minor injuries during the evacuation. Power to the lower portion of the tower was restored within a day, and full power was gradually restored over the course of a week.

In 2017, two guests contracted Legionnaires' disease during separate stays at the Rio hotel. The property's water systems were disinfected upon the discovery of Legionella bacteria. Additional cases of Legionnaires' disease were diagnosed among Rio guests later that year, in addition to 56 suspected cases of Pontiac fever, also caused by Legionella. One of the infected guests sued Caesars Entertainment over the outbreak.

As of 2019, Caesars had spent $600 million on renovations for various properties over the past five years, with the exception of the Rio, which now competed with older, low-budget resorts such as Circus Circus. Marnell, who was disappointed by the property's deterioration, speculated that it would need $300 million in renovations to be highly competitive once again.

Dreamscape ownership (2019–present)
In December 2019, Caesars sold the Rio for $516 million to New York-based real estate developer Eric Birnbaum. Under the deal, Caesars would continue to operate the Rio under lease for at least two years, paying $45 million a year in rent. The Rio is owned through Birnbaum's company, Dreamscape Companies LLC. His plans for a significant renovation were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada, which resulted in the state-ordered closure of casinos in March 2020. The Rio partially reopened on December 22, 2020, but with hotel operations limited mostly to weekends. Full operations resumed four months later. It was the last Caesars property nationwide to reopen. Because of the pandemic, Caesars and Dreamscape extended their lease arrangement, allowing Caesars to continue operating the property for several years. Dreamscape took over operations on October 1, 2023.

In March 2021, Dreamscape announced a partnership with Hyatt, which would rebrand one of the hotel towers as a Hyatt Regency. The hotel was originally scheduled to open in 2023, with 1,501 rooms. The remaining rooms are also expected to be affiliated with Hyatt. The resort has 2,520 rooms, including the Palazzo Suites. Aside from the hotel portion, the property will maintain the Rio name and its theme.

Because of his prior experience with the property, Marnell was hired as architect for the renovations, which were originally expected to begin in 2022. The project was rescheduled, eventually beginning in August 2023. The Rio will remain open throughout the multi-year renovation, which will update the entire resort. The two-phase renovation project will cost $350 million, and is intended to restore the Rio's early popularity.

Renovations began with the Ipanema Tower, and will last 18 months there before moving on to the Masquerade Tower and restaurants. On the hotel's exterior, the original red and blue neon lighting was replaced with new LED displays that are capable of producing various colors. The LEDs were programmed by Chris Kuroda, the lighting director for the band Phish. The renovation project also added 400 new slot machines. The Hyatt partnership took effect on March 1, 2024.

Restaurants
The Rio was particularly well known for its restaurants, five of which were listed in a top-40 list by Zagat in the 1990s. Six new restaurants were added in 1997. Among them was Napa, which was overseen by chef Jean-Louis Palladin. The top of the Masquerade Tower featured a restaurant and lounge known as VooDoo. An Italian restaurant, Mama Marie's Cucina, was named after Rio founder Tony Marnell's mother. The resort also featured the new Seafood Village Buffet, a separate eatery from the Carnival World Buffet. As of 1999, the Rio's 15 restaurants served an average of 20,000 people each day. Its busiest eatery was the Carnival World Buffet, averaging 7,000 diners daily. The Rio hosted the annual James Beard Foundation benefit dinner for several years during the 1990s. The resort also hosted an annual Italian food festival.

The property added four new restaurants beginning in 2002. Among them was Rosemary's, which replaced Napa after Palladin's death in 2001. Another addition was the Gaylord Indian restaurant, part of a worldwide chain. In 2006, musician Prince opened an Asian restaurant known as 3121 Jazz Cuisine, named after his recent album 3121.

In 2011, the Rio added a Burger King Whopper Bar. It seated 58 people, and was one of five Whopper Bars in the U.S. Unlike typical Burger King locations, it offered beer and included a hamburger bar with 30 toppings and sauces. It was replaced by a Smashburger in 2016.

KJ Dim Sum, a 4600 sqft dim sum restaurant, was added in 2012, with seating for 350 people. Gaylord, a longtime Indian restaurant, was renovated and renamed as Royal India in 2013. Hash House a go go opened a location in 2014. Guy Fieri opened a Mexican restaurant, El Burro Borracho, at the Rio in 2016, replacing a seafood restaurant known as Buzio's.

The Carnival World Buffet was frequently considered among the best in Las Vegas, and was the city's largest buffet as of 2011, with seating for 733 people. The Seafood Village Buffet was merged into the Carnival World Buffet in 2015. The buffet closed during the pandemic and never reopened. As part of Dreamscape's renovations, the buffet was replaced by the Canteen Food Hall, which opened in January 2024. Dreamscape stated that the buffet did not make economic sense, especially in light of the pandemic. The food hall concept was inspired by one already present at the nearby Cosmopolitan resort.

Sapphire Pool
On May 30, 2008, the Rio opened the Sapphire Pool in conjunction with Sapphire Gentlemen's Club. The daylight-hour, adults-only club surrounded one of the property's outdoor pools and featured dancers. It opened with a $30-per-male-customer admission price. The venture was a high-profile joint venture between a casino company and a topless business, and was notable because the possibility of bringing in criminal activity at the club had caused the Nevada Gaming Control Board to balk at previous collaborations; some in the media questioned whether the risk was worth the potential payoff for the hotel.

In late July 2009, the Rio hotel asked the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) to do a routine undercover investigation of the Sapphire Pool, as casino-resorts in Nevada are held responsible for the activities held on their premises. The request was a part of the resort's effort to show good faith to the Gaming Control Board. The July 25 visit resulted in 11 arrests. Upon finding out the results of the investigation, the Rio immediately shut down the pool.

Other attractions
From 1998 to 1999, the Rio hosted Treasures of Russia, an extensive collection of historic Russian memorabilia totaling 1,150 items, most of them loaned from the Peterhof Palace. The resort subsequently hosted Titanic: The Exhibition, in partnership with RMS Titanic Inc.

VooDoo Skyline is a 70-second zip line ride which opened in 2014. Riders start at the VooDoo Lounge atop the Masquerade Tower, and travel a distance of 845 feet, stopping on the roof of the Ipanema Tower. Riders are then pulled back to the Masquerade Tower with the use of a pulley system.

KISS by Monster Mini Golf is a franchise of the Monster Mini Golf chain. It is based on the rock band Kiss and includes an 18-hole miniature golf course, a rock and roll themed wedding chapel, the world's largest Kiss gift shop, and a museum featuring memorabilia from the band's career. It also hosts regular appearances by band members, both past and present. It opened in May 2016, in a 13000 sqft space formerly occupied by the Seafood Village Buffet.

In 2018, the Rio opened the first phase of an esports venue known as Wall Gaming Lounge.

Shows and entertainers
From 1991 to 1992, the Rio hosted Tropical Heat, about a plane-crashed pilot who encounters Amazonian women. It briefly starred Dana Plato prior to ending. In 1992, entertainment producers Eunice and Blair Farrington opened the Brazilia revue in a small lounge. It received a positive reception. Farrington Productions subsequently produced a Latin-themed dinner show, Conga!, which opened in the Club Rio in 1994. Conga! was renamed Copacabana in 1995, and the Club Rio space was subsequently used solely as a showroom, undergoing a number of name changes through the years.

Impressionist Danny Gans began entertaining at the Rio in January 1997, in the 730-seat Copacabana Showroom. During his three-year run, the Rio raised ticket prices several times against his wishes, prompting him to sue the resort. He ultimately lost the legal battle. Other notable performers during the Rio's early years included The Beach Boys, Donna Summer, Tony Bennett, and Earl Turner.

The 1,470-seat Pavilion Theater was built at a cost of $35 million, and was opened in April 2000. The three-floor theater was designed to accommodate a rotation of Broadway-style musicals, each on a short-term basis. The venue was renamed the Samba Theatre shortly after opening. It opened with a tap-dancing show titled Tap Dogs, by Dein Perry. A musical, based on the 1984 film Footloose, also ran for 13 weeks in the new venue,  closing in August 2000. Another showroom was built near the hotel's pool area and opened later in 2000, hosting the show De La Guarda, which included aerial performers and flashing lights. At the Copa, starring David Cassidy and Sheena Easton as nightclub singers, ran in the Copacabana Showroom from 2000 to 2001.

Magicians Penn & Teller began performing at the Rio in January 2001, and have continued to entertain there ever since. In the mid-2010s, they broke the record for longest-running Las Vegas headliner at a single venue.

The Scintas also started performing at the Rio in 2001, as did ventriloquist Ronn Lucas. The following year, the theater launched Showgirls, which chronicled the history of such performers. The Rio also debuted Tony n' Tina's Wedding, replacing the unsuccessful De La Guarda. Tony n' Tina's Wedding continued its run there for seven years.

In 2003, the Rio introduced their "Bevertainers," who worked as cocktail servers and as entertainers. When not serving customers, Bevertainers would dance in 90-second performances on one of five stages located across the casino floor. The Rio had more than 80 Bevertainers. Although the idea initially received skepticism, it would turn out to be successful.

Chippendales, a male revue, shared the Scintas Showroom with the Scintas and Lucas for three years, before getting their own venue at the Rio in 2004. The Chippendales theater had seating for 400 people and included an ultralounge, as well as a women's boutique retailer. As of 2021, the group continues to perform at the Rio.

In February 2005, Erocktica opened in the Scintas Showroom. It was initially a topless dance show accompanied by a live band which performed cover versions of rock songs. The show was closed six months later for revisions, which changed the choreography and removed the band in favor of recorded tracks. It reopened later in 2005.

The Scintas departed the Rio in 2006. Prince subsequently turned the former Club Rio spot into the 3121 showroom, performing there from November 2006 to April 2007. The venue had capacity for 900 people, and was located next to his 3121 restaurant.

After Prince vacated the venue, it sat unused for several years, eventually becoming ND's Fuego nightclub in 2009, through a lease agreement. It was also known as ND's The Club during its brief lifespan. It closed four months later, after its owner filed for bankruptcy. Darin Feinstein, an owner of The Viper Room nightclub in California, leased the space and reopened it as Crown Theater in 2010. It also operated as a nightclub. Until 2014, the Rio hosted tribute shows for the Rat Pack and Michael Jackson.

In 2015, the Crown Theater opened Duck Commander Musical, based on the Robertson family and their television series Duck Dynasty. Millions of dollars were spent to renovate the theater for the show, which included 11 actors and a live band. The show performed poorly in box-office revenue, and ran for seven weeks, closing in May 2015.

Rock of Ages ran in the renamed Rock of Ages Theater during 2016. It was replaced a year later by a new water-themed variety show titled Wow - The Vegas Spectacular, featuring numerous performers. The show was well received, and had given more than 1,200 performances as of 2021.

The Comedy Cellar, a comedy club in New York, opened a Las Vegas location at the Rio in 2018. Raiding the Rock Vault opened at the resort in 2020. A new 286-seat entertainment venue, The Duomo, opened in June 2022, with Raiding the Rock Vault as its first residency show. The venue closed in October 2023, and is set to become the new location for the Comedy Cellar.

Masquerade Show
Masquerade Show in the Sky opened in February 1997, and ran in the resort's Masquerade Village. The $25 million show featured costumed performers and took place on floats which traveled along a 950-foot track, located 13 feet above the casino floor. The floats represented showboats and gondolas. Each float weighed between 13,000 and 17,000 pounds. They traveled at a speed of three feet per second. Masquerade Show in the Sky consisted of three distinct shows, and a fourth was added in 1998. The show was free to spectators, and visitors could also pay to ride in the floats.

The show was originally produced by Farrington Productions. The company's contract expired in 2001, and Dick Foster Productions was brought on to redo Masquerade Show in the Sky. The company sought to make the show more adult-oriented, adding sexier costumes and dances. The show was scaled back in 2008, and remained largely the same during its final five years. It closed in March 2013.

In media
Regis Philbin filmed several episodes of his talk show, Live with Regis, at the Rio's Samba Theatre in 2001. A year later, The Price Is Right filmed a special episode in the theater, marking the first time in the show's 30-year history that it was shot outside of Los Angeles.

An episode for the second season of Raising Hope was filmed throughout the Rio in 2011. During the resort's closure in 2020, it was used as a secondary filming location for the second season of the American reality television series Love Island.

title: Rio (hotel and casino)


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Talk:Out of Nothing

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Is there a particular reason why approx. 75% of the article text (i.e, not including the cover image and track listing) is about albums other than the one the article is supposed to be about? Just wonderin', that's all... - Johnl

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Talk:Te Kūiti

Untitled
The following material has been moved here because it is a copyright violation of - and was added without much thought (material already present in the article duplicated, reference to a non-existant image retained). The information below can be incorporated in the article if it is rewritten as original prose in an encyclopaedic style. dramatic 06:28, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Dramatic: Te Kuiti itself isn't a particularly notable place, and certainly is one of the last places in the world that i would consider visiting or spending any time in, but I have some good memories and photos to contribute of notable people doin stuff there... I'm not likely to want to continue if they are messed with so mecilessly as the last set though. This article is so un-important no-one got around to making it look good, and as soon as i start on it.... it gets attacked. Google doesnt track a whole segment of life, in case u think it is the be all and end all. Google is still growing as well as wiki, but has a long way to catch up with reality, and I have been active with google for many years. How about exercising your time and energy to add.. thats ADD.. to articles rather than subtract, destruction is so easy, but its also pathetic... how about increasing the value of wiki rather than destroy it so simplistically... notable is specified as known and affecting 5000 people.. thats not a google rule, thats a wiki guide.. get real, and practise some respect of the Kaumatua, or go and fix some real vandalism, but i suspect thats not so rewarding to your character, so i guess we an un-solvable situation.. The standard procedure is to DISCUSS edits here when they are so vicious, not just get out the surgeons knife, how about some considered action first. moza 13:02, 18 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Mozasaur, I'm not sure whether your comment is aimed at my deletion of Bessie Moss yesterday or my handling of the copyvio a couple of months back, so I will answer both. My response to the redlink reference to Bessie Moss was "who is/was she?". 10 minutes searching for anyone by that name with any reference to New Zealand drew a complete blank - that falls well short of both the Wikipedia guidelines for notability and citation. If there is some verifiable material on her and why she should be in an encyclopedia, then people can cgive it due consideration.
 * As to the copyvio, I was using the gentlest approach possible to a clear violation of Wikipedia policy. There are others who consider that having copyrighted material even in an article's history is illegal and that all articles containing copyvios need to be speedy-deleted and restarted from scratch. I haven't had time to do any constructive editing aimed at reintroducing some of that information in a legitimate way. dramatic 09:09, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Dramatic, youre possibly correct, I'm unsure at this stage, I was just asking for tolerance until we find out. I will get to it, i was just saying that it was less important activity than most. I dont know about that copyvio, and will trust the status quo. I rewrote a few small bits as it did appear to be an ad for a hotel or something like that. I was trying to bring about awareness that it seems too easy to cut and slice when there is so much adding to be done, and its almost habitual by some. The thing is, if the article is already tiny and wobbly, it almost kills it by mercilessly removing things on a technical basis such as not notable. I think an 81 year old is likely known by and has likely affected many more than 5000 people and that they may all want to petition to keep her there.. whats the harm in waiting to see? this wiki is actually evolving in many ways, and is many things to many people, and may become things that we havent even thought up yet, in the meantime lets  get on with other MUCH higher level needs. moza 11:52, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

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 * Meadsville aka Te Kuiti.JPG

title: Talk:Te Kūiti


text:
Trimethyl borate

Trimethyl borate is the organoboron compound with the formula B(OCH3)3 and a metal alkoxide. It is a colourless liquid that burns with a green flame. It is an intermediate in the preparation of sodium borohydride and is a popular reagent in organic chemistry. It is a weak Lewis acid (AN = 23, Gutmann-Beckett method).

Borate esters are prepared by heating boric acid or related boron oxides with alcohols under conditions where water is removed by azeotropic distillation.

Applications
Trimethyl borate is the main precursor to sodium borohydride by its reaction with sodium hydride in the Brown-Schlesinger process:
 * 4 NaH + B(OCH3)3 → NaBH4 + 3 NaOCH3

It is a gaseous anti-oxidant in brazing and solder flux. Otherwise, trimethyl borate has no announced commercial applications. It has been explored as a fire retardant, as well as being examined as an additive to some polymers.

Organic synthesis
It is a useful reagent in organic synthesis, as a precursor to boronic acids, which are used in Suzuki couplings. These boronic acids are prepared via reaction of the trimethyl borate with Grignard reagents followed by hydrolysis:.
 * ArMgBr + B(OCH3)3 → MgBrOCH3 + ArB(OCH3)2
 * ArB(OCH3)2 + 2 H2O → ArB(OH)2 + 2 HOCH3

title: Trimethyl borate


text:
Moon (Gackt album)

Moon is the third full-length studio album released by Japanese solo artist Gackt on June 19, 2002. Instead of a booklet, the concept album comes with a printed note by the artist, asking readers to "sense" the record's story, rather than analyzing the lyrics. The booklet was eventually included in the packaging of Moon's 2003 follow-up Crescent. Both albums are linked, as well as his more recent albums Diabolos and Last Moon from the "Moon Saga".

Release
The album was released on 19 June 2002, by Nippon Crown. In the initial counting week of July it reached number two on the Oricon charts, with sales of 185,840 copies. It charted for 10 weeks. In 2002, with sales of 281,590 copies, was the 67th best selling album of the year. As since its release the album has sold more than 250,000 copies, was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

The first single "Another World" became Gackt's first to reach the top two on the charts. The single reached number two on the third counting week of September 2001, with sales of 111,560 copies. In the upcoming weeks, it was at number three and eight respectively, with sales of 42,490, and 22,850 copies. It charted for 17 weeks, of that eight in the top twenty. In 2001, with 255,640 copies sold, it was the 74th best-selling single of the year, and it sold over 284,550 copies, most of any of his singles.

The second single "Wasurenai Kara" reached number four on the initial counting week of May 2002, with sales of 78,310 copies. It charted for 5 weeks. In 2002, with 132,260 copies sold, was the 98th best selling single of the year.

Critical reception
Moon was generally positively received by reviews. Allmusic author Alexey Eremenko gave the album a rating of 3.5 out of 5 stars, observing that "is a fine specimen of its kind", it's "fast, emotive, heavy but not scary", praising the slow-tempo somber song "Fragrance", but criticized the album because is "too fine and effective" it becomes "sterile", and "sounds too much like music in general". He concluded that "despite the few musical connotations it actually possesses", as "far as artificial (read: professional) Japanese music goes, Moon is definitely one monster of a record".

Sputnikmusic's review also gave it 3.5/5 stars and highlighted the song "Fragrance", with "Rain", "Luna" and "Speed Master", but considered it to be "one of the most ridiculously top-heavy albums ... since the rest of the album doesn't provide nearly anywhere near the same level of satisfaction as the first six tracks do". In conclusion, felt that "the concept is effectively lost on anyone who can't speak fluent Japanese and ... the fact that almost half of Moon is a pretty uneventful pop-rock album would make it hard to "feel" the concept regardless".

Album credits

 * Personnel
 * Vocals, Piano: Gackt
 * Guitar, Violin: You
 * Guitar: Yukihiro "Chachamaru" Fujimura
 * Guitar: Masa
 * Effects, Guitar: Nao Kimura
 * Bass: Ren
 * Drums: Toshiyuki Sugino
 * Drums: Ryuichi Nishida
 * Bass: Crazy Cool Joe
 * Bass: Koichi Terasawa
 * Bass: Yoshihito Onda
 * Drums: Kota Igarashi
 * Violin: Gen Ittetsu
 * Keyboards & Orchestra arrangement: Shusei Tsukamoto

 * Production
 * Producer: Gackt
 * Associate Producer: Yukihiro “Chachamaru” Fujimura
 * Executive Producer: Masami Kudo (Nippon Crown), You Harada (Museum Museum)
 * Recorded & Mixed & Pro Tools Edited: Motonari Matsumoto
 * Assistant Engineer: Yoshitaka Ishigaki (Burnish), Michinori Sato (Burnish), Takanobu Suhiyama (Burnish), Chie Miyasaka (Burnish), Tadashi Yamaguchi (Studio Jive), Shinichi Tokumo (Sound Atelier), Teruaki Ise (Wonder station)
 * Recording Coordinator: Maki Iida, Yoshihito Umeki (Burnish)
 * Mastering Engineer: Yoichi Aikawa (Rolling Sound Mastering Stuio)

 * Design
 * Art direction, Design, Gun Coordinator: Jun Misaki
 * Photographer: Kenji Tsukagoshi

title: Moon (Gackt album)


text: File:Gacktmoon.jpg

title: File:Gacktmoon.jpg


text:
Talk:Ambient lighting

Untitled
Lighting from under the chin would be direct lighting, not ambient. The whole defenition of ambient lighting is that it's ambient - almost omnidirectional.--Phaleux 06:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ambient lighting


text:
CANAMEX Corridor

The CANAMEX corridor is a series of improvements to freeways and other transportation infrastructure linking Canada to Mexico through the United States. The corridor was established under the North American Free Trade Agreement. Currently the corridor is defined by a series of highways. However, the corridor is also proposed for use by railroads and fiber optic telecommunications infrastructure.

Origin
While the tri-lateral corridor was defined in NAFTA, the U.S. portion of CANAMEX Trade Corridor was outlined in 1991 in the "ISTEA" highway bill, and defined by Congress in the 1995 National Highway Systems Designation Act, Public Law 104-59, November 28, 1995.

Route description
The CANAMEX corridor is defined by the numbered highway designations along its length:

Canada
 * British Columbia
 * Highway 97 (Alaska Highway)
 * Highway 2 – Dawson Creek to Alberta border
 * Alberta
 * Highway 43 – British Columbia border to Highway 16
 * Highway 16 – to Edmonton
 * Highway 216 through Edmonton
 * Highway 2 – Edmonton to Calgary
 * Highway 201 through Calgary
 * Highway 2 – Calgary to Fort Macleod
 * Highway 3 – Fort Macleod to Lethbridge
 * Highway 4 – Lethbridge to the Sweetgrass–Coutts Border Crossing (continues as Interstate 15)

United States
 * Montana – Interstate 15
 * Idaho – Interstate 15
 * Utah – Interstate 15
 * Arizona – Interstate 15
 * Nevada
 * Interstate 15 – Arizona border to Las Vegas
 * Interstate 11 – Las Vegas to Arizona border
 * Arizona
 * U.S. Route 93 – Nevada border to Wickenburg, future Interstate 11
 * U.S. Route 60 – Wickenburg to Surprise, implied unofficial route
 * Arizona State Route 303 – Surprise to Goodyear, implied unofficial route
 * Interstate 10 – Goodyear to Tucson
 * Interstate 19 – Tucson to Nogales
 * Arizona State Route 189 – Nogales to the Mexico–United States border

Mexico
 * Mexico Federal Highway 15D – Heroica Nogales to Mexico City

Highway
The United States portion of the highway was established as a High Priority Corridor. The treaty establishes that the CANAMEX highway will be upgraded to at least 4 lanes along its entire length. In 2008, 84% of the highway in the United States was compliant, and 86% of the highway in Mexico was compliant.

When the corridor was first approved, two bottlenecks were identified with the Arizona portion of the corridor that required significant infrastructure to address. The first was the route of U.S. Route 93 across northwestern Arizona, which then included a slow route with numerous hairpin curves over the Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam Bypass opened on October 16, 2010, resolving that issue.

The second issue was a gap near Phoenix. The official designation is Interstate 10 to U.S. Route 93 at Phoenix. However, US 93 does not enter Phoenix or connect with I-10. US 93 currently terminates at Wickenburg, northwest of Phoenix. Making the connection originally required driving U.S. Route 60, a surface street through the western suburbs of Phoenix that was not compliant with the standards established by the treaty. The chosen alternative for resolution involved creating a compliant connection between Wickenburg and Phoenix via upgrades and extensions to Arizona State Route 303. The final phase of the portion of AZ 303 necessary to fill the gap was upgraded to freeway standards in 2016. A second proposal has since been made for a freeway connection between Las Vegas, Nevada, and Casa Grande, Arizona, Interstate 11, that would in its course connect Wickenburg to Phoenix.

Railroad
While the corridor is defined as series of highways, when proposed the corridor was envisioned as a muti-modal corridor including rail and telecommunications infrastructure. While most of the corridor is paralleled by existing rail lines, there is no existing contiguous line that follows the entire corridor, and through rail traffic from Canada to Mexico would have to use alternate corridors for at least parts of the journey. The Union Pacific Railroad owns and operates a rail line following the corridor between Nogales, Sonora, Mexico, and Phoenix, Arizona, acquired from the former Southern Pacific Railroad. There is no railroad directly connecting Phoenix and Las Vegas, Nevada, but it is possible to route trains between those cities via Barstow, California along tracks owned by Arizona and California Railway and/or BNSF Railway. The Union Pacific again owns tracks following the I-15 portion of the corridor from Las Vegas, to Butte, Montana, acquired from the former Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad and Oregon Short Line. No line directly follows the corridor between Butte and Helena, Montana, but it is possible to route trains between those cities via a combination of BNSF Railway and Montana Rail Link lines. North of Helena, BNSF owns lines that closely follow the CANAMEX corridor, including a connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway at Coutts, Alberta, Canada, acquired from the former Great Northern Railway.

title: CANAMEX Corridor


text:
Erik Trinkaus

Erik Trinkaus (born December 24, 1948) is an American paleoanthropologist specializing in Neandertal and early modern human biology and human evolution. Trinkaus researches the evolution of the species Homo sapiens and recent human diversity, focusing on the paleoanthropology and emergence of late archaic and early modern humans, and the subsequent evolution of anatomically modern humanity. Trinkaus is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and the Mary Tileston Hemenway Professor Emeritus of Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He is a frequent contributor to publications such as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PLOS One, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, and the Journal of Human Evolution and has written/co-written or edited/co-edited fifteen books in paleoanthropology. He is frequently quoted in the popular media.

Education
Trinkaus received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1970), and his master's and PhD degrees in Anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania, the latter in 1975.

Scientific views
Trinkaus has been concerned primarily with the biology and behavior of Neandertals and early modern humans through the Middle and Late Pleistocene, in order to shed light on these past humans and to understand the emergence and establishment of modern humans. His work therefore has been primarily concerned with the comparative and functional anatomy, paleopathology, and life history of these past humans. At the same time, because it dominates paleoanthropology, he has been involved in debates concerning the ancestry of modern humans, being one of the first to argue for an African origin of modern humans but with substantial Neandertal ancestry among modern Eurasian human populations.

Although his early work emphasized differences between the Neandertals (and other archaic humans) and early modern humans, his work since the 1990s has documented many similarities across these human groups in terms of function, levels of activity and stress, and abilities to cope socially with the rigors of a Pleistocene foraging existence. His research therefore involves the biomechanical analysis of cranio-facial and post-cranial remains, patterns of tooth wear, interpretations of ecogeographical patterning, life history parameters (growth and mortality), differential levels and patterns of stress (paleopathology), issues of survival, and the interrelationships between these patterns.

Research projects
Trinkaus has conducted a series of comparative analyses, with colleagues and students, on the regional functional anatomy of Neandertals and other Pleistocene humans. He has contributed to the direct radiocarbon dating of original human fossils, and through that work to insights into their diets through the analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes. He has been involved in the primary paleontological descriptions of a number of Middle and Late Pleistocene human remains, of both archaic and early modern humans. The first project was his monograph on the Shanidar Neandertals from Iraqi Kurdistan. Subsequent major projects concerned with early modern humans include the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov Moravia, Czech Republic, Peştera cu Oase (Romania), Peştera Muierii (Romania), Mladeč (Czech Republic), Tianyuandong (China), and Sunghir (Russia). Additional Neandertal descriptions include those from Krapina (Croatia), Oliveira (Portugal), Kiik-Koba (Crimea), and Sima de las Palomas (Spain). To these can be added Middle Pleistocene human remains from Aubesier (France), Broken Hill (Zambia), and Hualongdong (China), plus late archaic humans remains from Xujiayao and Xuchang (China). These paleontological descriptions include both primary data on these fossils and a diversity of paleobiological interpretations of the remains and the Pleistocene human groups from which they derive.

Trinkaus's analyses of early modern human remains, especially those from Dolní Věstonice, Pavlov, Lagar Velho and Sunghir, have raised a series of questions regarding the nature and diversity of mortuary practices among these early modern humans. And his paleopathological analyses of Pleistocene human remains have raised questions concerning the levels and natures of trauma and developmental abnormalities among these people.

title: Erik Trinkaus


text:
Hamada Madi

Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President. He was Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Commission between 2016 and 2020.

Biography
Born on the island of Mohéli in 1965, he gained a degree in constitutional law in Ukraine and worked as a political adviser in Comoros, becoming secretary general of the Comoros Republican Party.

Before being appointed Prime Minister on 29 November 2000, he served as Secretary General for Defense in the Presidency and played a leading role in peace negotiations with Anjouan, leading to the Fomboni Accords. In January 2002, it was agreed, despite some opposition, that he would replace Colonel Azali Assoumani as interim head of state and oversee the Transitional Government of National Unity in the run-up to the legislative and presidential elections. Due to his Mohélian origins, he was ineligible to run for the union presidency in 2002, when the first four-year term was reserved for a Grande Comorian. After the return of Azali to the presidency in May 2002, Hamada Madi was kept on as special advisor without portfolio with Union cabinet status.

After waiting several months Bolero got the permission from the Presidency in April 2007 to leave the country.

In 2016 Modi became Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Commission. He was succeeded on 16 July 2020 by Vêlayoudom Marimoutou.

title: Hamada Madi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Big Red (book)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT, already merged. -Splash 00:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Big Red (book)
Advertising. brenneman (t) (c) 06:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Advertising! (comment added at 06:35, July 15, 2005 by User:Prescott

Delete per Brenneman. See :) Hiding 07:19, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Kiss a little longer... stay fresh a little longer... merge to Douglas C. Waller. Dcarrano 08:39, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to the stubby Douglas C. Waller - Mgm|(talk) 09:00, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above Lectonar 10:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge - I put the content onto Douglas C. Waller. This page just needs to be turned into a redirect. --Celestianpower talk 18:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Chris Bennett

I have received an offline request to explain why I retired. Here is a copy of my response, in case anyone else is curious:

 * Well, WP is a cult, like Facebook, and I've never really drunk the Kool-Aid.

 * The fundamental reason I quit is that the overriding rule in WP really is "verifiability not truth". My potential value was to contribute some expertise I happened to have acquired about some obscure topics.  But ultimately WP is not about imparting knowledge, it's about aggregating the "wisdom of the crowd".  There is a lot of overlap, which is why WP is actually useful for many things, but they are not the same thing, and I am not interested in being an aggregator.

 * The details of the trigger don’t really matter, but FYI. The last straw was a WP administrator who decided to censure me for "ownership" of an article I had contributed to in 2006 and mostly just monitored since then to keep out the obviously harmful.  The accusation was made in the course of a discussion of an obviously baseless proposal to delete this article, moved by an editor who actually admitted he was out to troll me -- and nobody called him on it.  Nobody bothered to explain how I had supposedly acted as an "owner"; my best guess is that it relates to a dispute I had on the Talk page in 2008 with a particularly pig-headed IP editor, which consumes much of the Talk page space, and which was resolved by a WP admin in my favour at the time.

 * As you probably know, "ownership" (equated by WP with being a dog in the manger) is one of the deadliest of sins in WP. This admin decided to keep the article but censured me for "ownership", not that my behaviour, good or bad, had any relevance to the issue at hand.  The admin made no effort to discuss it with me, and didn't even grant me the courtesy of notifying me personally that (s)he had censured me.  I don’t believe (s)he made any effort to investigate the charge, but just assumed the accusation was true and passed sentence accordingly.  When WP admins are that bad there is very little hope.

 * Chris

title: User:Chris Bennett


text:
Talk:Thomas Sowell

Sowell photo
The man is 92. He hasn’t looked like that photo in 60 years. 166.205.218.140 (talk) 22:18, 10 December 2022 (UTC)

 * We use what photos are available with the proper license. That said, I'll look around for something a little more recent. cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 20:45, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

 * ...and there's the problem: https://www.google.com/search?q=thomas%20sowell&tbm=isch&tbs=il:cl&client=firefox-b-1-d&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CAAQ1vwEahcKEwjYr9y8t_L7AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAw&biw=1331&bih=1256 There aren't any out there with creative commons license.  cheers. anastrophe, an editor he is. 20:46, 11 December 2022 (UTC)
 * i emailed Hoover Institution to request help uploading media to Wikicommons for TS and other Hoover Institute fellows. Tonymetz 💬  18:14, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Bibliographic Review
The bibliography presented in this entry contains confusion with another author who shares the same name as Thomas Sowell, a psychologist and pediatrician specialized in child development. Samuelscosta (talk) 14:35, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Which one? -- Valjean (talk) ( PING me ) 16:42, 26 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas Sowell


text:
Talk:Sustainable business

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 15 October 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): SidneyStablein. Peer reviewers: Cmm014.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:31, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled

 * Keep This is a very valid topic that is likely to become very expanded.
 * Comment I have added information in the history section and deleted a link to what appeared to be a commercial web site that appears to be what caused the recommendation for speedy deletion. I believe this is a real topic and an article that I will probably revisit to improve. Ronreed 07:06, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Green business
Is there a way to link this article so that it appears under searches for "green business"? I strongly believe the 2 names are related.
 * I agree. I actually searched for that first before searching for sustainable business and finding this. I have created a redirect. Plymouths 18:36, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Please Keep. There is also much more that can be linked here on Business and Human Rights, for example the work of the United Nations Special Representative on Business and Human Rights. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.139.235.80 (talk) 22:26, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal: Sustainability practices in organizations
I have tagged that article for merger here. It is a rather woolly essay, so there may not be much useful to bring in, but I'll leave that for editors here to decide. Anyway, it tries to cover the same topic as is covered here. Itsmejudith (talk) 20:50, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Sustainable economy redirects to Sustainable business?
It doesn't seem right that Sustainable economy redirects to Sustainable business. Sustainable economy is a much larger scope that involves (oddly enough) economics at a national and international level and presumably would discuss such things as the ISEW, the GPI and the reliance of standard economics on continuous economic and population growth. Thanks. --220.253.116.9 (talk) 02:33, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, never mind. Being bold and changing the redirect myself to point at Sustainability --220.253.116.9 (talk) 03:06, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Proposed External Link
I propose adding an external link: "Network for Business Sustainability" - http://nbs.net. Funded by academic research grants, the Network is a non-profit organization whose goal is to put reliable academic research into the hands of business managers - for free - so that they can make decisions that are economically, environmentally and socially beneficial.

I work for the Network. Our Topic Editors are university professors (some of them Deans of Canadian business schools), and our research is all subjected to rigorous standards of objectivity and reproducibility. PlanetProfitsPeople (talk) 14:10, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Suggest adding the Six Essential Characteristics
Can someone tell me why this was removed?

A mature and authentic sustainable business could contain these six essentials. These essentials are rooted in many sustainability principals but are also dynamic as well. There is no reason in the future for essentials not to shift or adjust as we evolve our understanding of a sustainable business.

1. Triple Top-line Value Production

"The TTL Establishes three simultaneous requirements of sustainable business activities - financial benefits for the company, natural world betterment, and social advantages for employees and members of the local community - with each of these three components recognized as equal in status." Note that other do call this the Triple Bottom Line but triple top line stresses the importance of initial value rather than after the fact effects.

2. Nature - Based Knowledge and Technology

"This biomimicry-based principal involves the conscious emulation of natural-world genius in terms of growing our food, harnessing our energy, constructing things, conducting business healing ourselves, processing information and designing our communities"

3. Products of Service to Products of Consumption

"Products of service are durable goods routinely leased by the customer that are made of technical materials and that are returned to the manufacturer and re-processed into a new generation of products when they their usefulness.(These products are mostly non-toxic to human and environmental health but toxic materials that are used will be kept within a closed loop type system and not escape into the environment). Products of consumption are shorter lived items made only of biodegradable materials that are broken down by the detritus organisms after the products lose their usefulness.(These are non - toxic as well) This principal requires that we manufacture only these two types of products and necessitates the gradual but continual reductions of products of service and their replacement with products of consumption as technological advancements allow." [|See Cradle to Cradle for other thoughts on Technical(Products of Service) and Biological(Products of consumption) nutrients.]

4. Solar, Wind, Geothermal and Ocean Energy

"This principal advocates employing only sustainable energy technology - solar,wind,ocean and geothermal - that can meet our energy needs indefinitely without negative effects for life on earth."

5. Local-Based Organizations and Economies

"This ingredient includes durable, beautiful and healthy communities with locally owned and operated businesses and locally managed non-profit organizations, along with regional corporations and shareholders working together in a dense web of partnerships and collaborations." To See examples of the importance of local business.

6. Continuous Improvement Process

"Operational processes inside successful organizations include provisions for constant advancements and upgrade as the company does its business. The continuous process of monitoring, analyzing, redesigning and implementing is used to intensify TTL value production as conditions change and new opportunities emerge."

Minor edits on 9/2/2010
Please note that any changes made on 9/2/2010 were to minor non-disputable typographical errors only. For example, I changed "ad" to "and." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ostbying (talk • contribs) 14:18, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

RiskMetrics Carbon Beta
Perhaps that a link to RiskMetrics Carbon Beta can be added. This was a tool to put a price on the financial risk a company had due to the co² emissions the company was emitting. Appearantly, it's been taken over by MSCI, and I can't find it there anymore. It has been mentioned by http://blogs.natlogic.com/friend/

Proposed merge with Sustainable dentistry

 * The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Nothing in sustainable dentistry is unique to dental practice and seems largely redundant with general sustainable business. Not worth having specific sustainable basketweaving articles unless there's something unique about each field. 49ersBelongInSanFrancisco (talk) 06:30, 22 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Agree with merge, there's a large overlap between both topics. Most of the redundant content doesn't even need merging and should be omitted, as it is already covered in a broader business context (aside from the medical aspect, dentistry is just one business among hundreds). The current dentistry-specific article lacks unique details for a separate topic (and also has some WP:NPOV issues regarding a truely uninvolved point of view). Maybe ref #3 (the UN agenda) could be moved over in some relevant context. GermanJoe (talk) 20:30, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

Disagree with merge. Currently, there are two kinds of dentistry available in the US. One is the traditional dental practice, comprising one or a few dentists who own the practice, hire the staff and are responsible for providing a high standard of care to patients. The other is corporate dentistry. Dental corporations hire dentists as 1099 employees and provide a minimal standard of care to patients. Dentists are not free to do what they know, through training and experience, to be the best solution for the patient, but must, instead do as the corporation directs or lose their jobs. Dental corporations exist to make money for shareholders and generally demonstrate little interest in long term patient welfare. They appear to know nothing about the triple bottom line or if they do know, they don't act on the information. By contrast, dentists who work in their own practices see themselves as healthcare professionals and community leaders whose responsibility is to their patients, and not to a faceless corporation. To confuse these two very different ways of providing dental care is to do a serious disservice to dentists in traditional practice and to the public. To them, dentistry is not a business as much as it is a vocation. With regard to the content of the Sustainable Dentistry page, it is a work in progress that will be greatly expanded in the near future.Robin McMullen 21:57, 28 January 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by RobinMcM (talk • contribs)

 * I can't see that RobinMcM's argument addresses the topic under discussion. The argument he seems to present is independent good, corporate bad which doesn't address the topic of Sustainable dentistry at all, given the definition on the page and in the references. Its therefore an unreferenced claimed. However, I suggest that the references, from a large dental professional publication, do support independent notability of the topic. On these grounds, I oppose the merge. Klbrain (talk) 23:26, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Sustainable business


text:
Talk:Democrazy (album)

Track durations?
Could someone ad the durations for each track?

title: Talk:Democrazy (album)


text: User talk:68.46.201.36

title: User talk:68.46.201.36


text:
Talk:Helen Merrill

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Edofedinburgh 03:14, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Helen Merrill whom I have heard of and I have a book about her is a mathematician. She wrote a book titled "Mathematical Excursions", A Dover publication where she ventures into the subject of mathematical recreations and puzzles. She also has a novel way of teaching mathematics. The edition I have is dated 1957

Helen Abbot Merrill (born 1864) was the author of Mathematical Excursions; not the singer.

Can someone add her to the list of Croatian-Americans: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Croatian-Americans thanks!
 * Done. A Train take the 13:54, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

heyyyyyy she was also an important person in history because she invented the Euler htheorem/ equation or helped? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.179.178.167 (talk) 19:43, 14 December 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Helen Merrill


text:
Assos

Assos (Ἄσσος, Assus) was an ancient Greek city near today's Behramkale  or Behram for short, which most people still call by its ancient name of Assos. It is located on the Aegean coast in the Ayvacık district of Çanakkale province, Turkey. It is on the southern side of Biga Peninsula (better known by its ancient name of the Troad). Assos sits on the coast of the Adramyttian Gulf (Turkish: Edremit Körfezi ) and used to offer the only good harbour along the 80 km of coast which made it very important for shipping in the Troad.

During Pliny the Elder's lifetime (1st century AD), the city was also known as Apollonia (Ἀπολλωνία).

Assos' most famous resident was the Greek philosopher Aristotle. Assos is also the birthplace of Cleanthes, who later was to succeed Zeno of Citium as head of the Stoic school of philosophy. The Acts of the Apostles also refers to visits to the city by Luke the Evangelist and Paul the Apostle.

Today, Assos is a holiday retreat amid ancient ruins. In 2017 it was inscribed on the UNESCO Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.

History

The city was founded from 1000 to 900 BC by Aeolian colonists from Lesbos, who are said to have come from Methymna. The settlers built a Doric Temple to Athena on top of the dominant crag in 530 BC. From this temple Hermias of Atarneus, a student of Plato, ruled Assos, the Troad and Lesbos during the town's greatest period of prosperity. (Strangely, Hermias was actually the slave of the ruler of Atarneus. ) Hermias encouraged philosophers to move to the city and one of those who answered the call was Aristotle, who came here in 348 BC and married Hermeias's niece, Pythia. Aristotle founded an Academy in Assos where he became chief amongst a group of philosophers, and together with them, made innovative observations on zoology and biology. Assos' 'golden period' ended several years later when the Persians arrived and tortured Hermias to death. Aristotle then fled to Macedonia, which was ruled by his friend King Philip II of Macedon and where he became tutor to Philip's son, Alexander the Great. A modern statue of Aristotle greets visitors at the entrance to Assos.

The Persians were driven out by Alexander the Great in 334 BC. Not long afterwards Assos became the birthplace of Cleanthes, who later succeeded Zeno of Citium as head of the Stoic school of philosophy in Athens. Between 241 and 133 BC, the city was ruled by the Kings of Pergamon. However, in 133 BC, the Pergamons lost control of the city and it was absorbed into the Roman empire.

According to Christian tradition, St. Paul visited the city during his third missionary journey (53-57 AD) through Asia Minor on his way to Mytilene on the island of Lesbos. Acts 20 records that Luke the Evangelist and his companions ('we') "went ahead to the ship and sailed [from Troas] to Assos, there intending to take Paul on board ... and when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and came to Mitylene".

From this period onwards, Assos shrunk to the small village it has remained ever since. From the Middle Ages the only relics are the Hüdavendigar Mosque and Bridge dating back to the second half of the 14th century. The mosque is on the hilltop near the ruined temple while the bridge is off the road to Ayvacık.

Modern archaeological discoveries
The ruins of ancient Assos continue to be excavated. In 2018, archaeologists discovered an undamaged Hellenistic family grave with the name "Aristios" written on its cover. The grave contained the remains of a family of twenty-one. One of the family members was buried, while the remaining twenty were cremated and their ashes placed inside urn-like vases. The lids had been sealed with cement to prevent any foreign substance getting inside the urns. In 2018, archaeologists also discovered many strigils, some of them iron, but most of them bronze.

Archaeologists also uncovered a 2,200-year-old Hellenistic lion sculpture and a 1,500-year-old stone oven dating to the Byzantine period. The sculpture was unearthed from a structure used as an inn at that time, and one of the Byzantine period findings contained a cooking stove with three pots.

The pillars from the ancient port lay in the harbour for over a millennia. Eventually they were probably sold.

Attractions
On the acropolis 238 m above sea level stand the remains of the only Doric order temple in Asia Minor, which was dedicated to Athena and dates to 530 BC. Six of the original 38 columns remain. In the early 1900s sculptures of the Temple of Athena were moved to museums like the Louvre.

The view from the temple extends to nearby Lesbos in the south, to Pergamum in the southeast and to Mount Ida in the east. To the northwest, two massive Hellenic columns still mark the entrance to the city.

West of the acropolis stands the well preserved 4th century BC city wall and main gate with 14 m towers. An ancient paved road leads northeast through the gate to the ruins of a large 2nd-century BC gymnasium, a 2nd-century BC agora and a bouleuterion. Further south toward the seashore is a 3rd-century BC theatre built for 5,000 spectators. Also on the hillside are the remains of a cemetery full of broken sarcophagi which were "able to eat flesh", according to Pliny, hence their name.

Lower Assos has is a small pebbly beach. Although the narrow road to İskele, the ex-fishing harbour, is steep and with sheer drops, a constant stream of cars and minibuses passes up and down it from dawn to dusk.

title: Assos


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Burke's Backyard

Burke's Backyard was an Australian gardening and lifestyle series presented by horticulturist Don Burke, broadcast on both radio and television. On television, it was a regular weekly series on the Nine Network from 12 September 1987 to 26 November 2004.

History
The program began on the Sydney AM radio station 2UE on Saturday and Sunday mornings before being picked up by the Nine Network in late 1987. Channel 9 broadcast the show on Friday evenings for the next 17 years. It is currently being broadcast on radio by 2UE and syndicated stations on Saturday and Sunday mornings. A magazine of the same name as the television program was published as a merchandising tie-in by Australian Consolidated Press. Don Burke went on to join Jamie Durie in creating the television show Backyard Blitz.

Cast
The show was hosted by Don Burke but also included other presenters. The cooking segment was presented by Geoff Jansz, who also hosted the Channel Nine cooking shows What's Cooking and Fresh. Tara Dennis coordinated the fabrics and design section, while Rebecca Harris coordinated the pet section as she also did in her own Nine series Animal Hospital. Harris sometimes also appeared on the design and fabric segments. Scott Cam assisted Don as the building, gardening and design expert for more than half the program's duration. Other cast members included Ernie Dingo, Peter Harris, Dr. Chris Brown, Nigel Ruck, Jackie French, Elise Pascoe, Rita Hill, Dr. Harry Cooper, Reg Livermore and Rosemary Stanton.

For the 2007 television specials, Don Burke was assisted mainly by Scott Cam and Nigel Ruck. Former Olympic Gold Medalist swimmer Giaan Rooney also joined the cast for the specials, giving environmental tips, while financial expert Paul Clitheroe presented the financial section.

Theme song
The theme to Burke's Backyard is a modified version of Bullamakanka's version of "Give Me a Home Among the Gumtrees" (Bob Brown; Walter Johnson Jr.). The chorus is as follows: Give me a home among the gum trees, with lots of plum trees A dog or two and a barbecue flowers down the side And veggies by the fence all in Burke's Backyard

Ratings
The television show was consistently a very strong ratings performer for the Nine Network. It occupied the Friday 7:30–8:30 timeslot for 17 years. During its final year, however, it rated poorly and was 'rested' by the Nine Network.

In the Spring special return in 2007, the show posted a very encouraging 10th place in the week's shows. It defeated both of its competing Seven Network shows including Australia's Best Backyards and Hot Property, and was the most watched Nine Network show of the week.

title: Burke's Backyard


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Talk:Virtual Pascal

User base
How was the wide user base measured? The maillist has 5 posts in the last half year, and the webpage only lists a handful comments on its demise.

Is there a forum somewhere or so? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.61.103.98 (talk) 06:47, 15 July 2005

Answer: Note that the page says in the late nineties (more mid than late nineties maybe). Since 2000 it pretty much collapsed, and even the main site is down currently, and even before 2000 it was already decreasing.

But to my knowledge that remark is pretty true, at least in Europe. The shareware/BBS scene, the OS/2 scene and the educational sector used it massively, also because it was one of the few affordable multi platform compilers before the open source movement really became usable. (and still the IDE, textmode as it is, is vastly superior over most open source ones in productivity).

That there never was a radical break from OS/2 and Dos was one of the reasons why VPascal died, due to mainly its unmaintainable codebase (pure assembler compiler!) with external nondistributable parts, all originating from its commercial past. 88.159.73.216 17:48, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Design
Virtual Pascal was NOT designed by Allan Mertner. He only hired Vitaly Miryanov after Vitaly had already developed several quite usable beta versions of Virtual Pascal. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.78.52.211 (talk) 18:00, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I only follow VPascal since later nineties, and afaik Alan never tried to mispresent this fact. He often even used Vitaly as an excuse to not fix bugs in the deep compiler ("Vitaly was a lot smarter than me" :-) 195.240.215.207 (talk) 08:10, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I am not saying that Allan Mertner misrepresented any facts. It's just that the article states wrongly, that VP was designed by him. I was one of the developers of version 2.0/2.1 so I should know. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.78.34.122 (talk) 17:31, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Mertner's reasons about not going free software path
That whole list requires citations. Otherwise it looks like merely as weakly-sourced pretext. And it probably is, but readers need to know that for sure. Personally, i tried to join Mertner's community on the ning.com to shed some light on that matter but has been deleted "to combat spam", heh. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.140.240.108 (talk) 21:13, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

See wayback engine last webpage (the last pargraph of the webpost where he throws the towel) and the old VP maillist. There were some large discussions after both stops. I summarized them based on my own copy of the mail archives and non public private communication with Allan (during the revamp attempt in 2005 when they tried to setup a community anyway, I assisted in migrating FPC code for the encumbered pieces of code (sysutils and classes))

For the most I agreed with Mertner, since there were hardly any capable people in the community that could pulls something off. And I have a copy of the source code, it is truly unmaintainable. 88.159.71.34 (talk) 10:10, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Virtual Pascal


text: Category:Surface science

title: Category:Surface science


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Crescent (Gackt album)

Crescent is the fourth full-length studio album released by Japanese solo artist Gackt on December 3, 2003. It is a concept album linked to its predecessor Moon and comes with booklets for both records (Moon did not originally contain one). Crescent also features a duet with L'Arc-en-Ciel vocalist Hyde for "Orenji no Taiyou" with whom Gackt co-starred in the 2003 movie Moon Child.

Composition
Already established as a "charismatic vocalist representing the 21st century rock scene", Gackt continued to expand his expression, conceptualization and romanticism.

"Kimi ga Oikaketa Yume" is a fast paced pop rock song, "Tsuki no Uta" an acoustic-strings atmospheric ballad, "Last Song" a dramatic ballad, while "Solitary" is an acoustic guitar ballad and "Hoshi no Suna" an emotional piano ballad.

Other songs are dramatic hard rock tunes "Dybbuk", "Mind Forest" (with Japanese traditional music influence), "Kimi Ga Matteiru Kara", "Lust for Blood", "White Eyes", while "Orenji no Taiyou" and "Birdcage" initially with acoustic guitar and strings become more intensely rock by the end.

Release
In the third counting week of December the album reached number five on the Oricon charts, with sales of 75,561 copies. It charted for 11 weeks. Since its release the album has sold more than 250,000 copies, being not certified Gold due to change of criteria, but Platinum by the RIAJ.

Preceding the album release, were released three singles, "Kimi ga Oikaketa Yume", "Tsuki no Uta" and "Last Song". The first single "Kimi ga Oikaketa Yume" reached number two on the fifth counting week of March, with sales of 59,265 copies. In the upcoming two weeks, it was at number nineteen and twenty respectively, with sales of 15,010 and 9,234 copies. It charted for 10 weeks, and sold over 100,000 copies, certified Gold by the RIAJ.

The second single "Tsuki no Uta" reached number three on the fourth counting week of June, with sales of 49,952 copies. In the upcoming week, it was at the number eighteen, with sales of 10,267 copies. It charted for 7 weeks, and was certified Gold by the RIAJ. The third single "Last Song" reached number five on the fourth counting week of November, with sales of 40,745 copies. In the upcoming two weeks, it was at number fifteen and twenty respectively, with sales of 12,116 and 10,029 copies. It charted for 13 weeks, and was certified Gold by RIAJ.

Album credits

 * Personnel
 * Vocals, Piano: Gackt
 * Guitar, Violin: You
 * Guitar: Yukihiro “Chachamaru” Fujimura
 * Drums: Toshiyuki Sugino
 * Drums: Ryuichi Nishida
 * Guest Voice: Hyde (by the courtesy of Ki/oon Records Inc.)
 * Bass: Toshimi Nagai
 * Bass: Ju-ken
 * Bass: Kolchi Terasawa
 * Bass: Jun
 * Violin, Viola: Gen Ittetsu
 * Cello: Masami Horisawa
 * Contrabass: Jun Salto
 * Keyboards & Orchestra arrangement: Shusei Tsukamoto

 * Production
 * Producer: Gackt
 * Associate Producer: Yukihiro “Chachamaru” Fujimura
 * Executive Producer: Shigenori Nishino (Nippon Crown), You Harada (Museum Museum)
 * Recorded & Mixed & Pro Tools Edited: Motonari Matsumoto
 * Assistant Engineer: Michinori Sato (Burnish), Yoshitaka Ishigaki (Burnish), Chie Miyasaka (Burnish), Mitsuru Shibamoto (Prime Sound Studio Form), Satoshi Sasamoto (Prime Sound Studio Form), Katsuyuki Abe (Pradise Studio), Akinori Kaizaki (Pradise Studio), Taro Kuroda (DLT Studio)
 * Recording Coordinator: Maki Iida (Burnish)
 * Mastering Engineer: Yoichi Aikawa (Rolling Sound Mastering Stuio)

 * Design
 * Art direction, Design: Jun Misaki
 * Photographer: Kenji Tsukagoshi

title: Crescent (Gackt album)


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User:Slimbarger

Would someone explain how to upload images to actual article? I have done it successfully before but it is not working now.

title: User:Slimbarger


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Gilbert Bates

Gilbert Henderson Bates (February 13, 1836 – February 17, 1917) was an American soldier best known for his peaceful postwar marches, first throughout the American South and through England. For each endeavor, Bates wanted to prove that he would be treated cordially in regions supposedly hostile to Americans and found himself warmly welcomed by the natives.

American South march
Bates was born in Springwater, Livingston County, New York. He died in 1917 and was buried in Saybrook, Illinois. Before the American Civil War, Bates was a farmer in the town of Albion, near Edgerton, Wisconsin. During the war, he served as a sergeant in the 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Regiment. After the war, he returned to his farm. In November 1867, during the period known as Reconstruction, Bates had a conversation about the South with a neighbor, who said, "Sergeant, the Southerners are rebels yet. They are worse now than they were during the war. They hate the Union flag. No man dare show that flag anywhere in the South except in the presence of our soldiers." Bates replied, "You are mistaken. I can carry that flag myself from the Mississippi all over the rebel States, alone and unarmed, too." Thus began his march, reported at the time in numerous local and national newspapers, but now largely forgotten.

On February 27, 1868, Mark Twain published the following in the Territorial Enterprise: Sergeant Gilbert H. Bates of Wisconsin is the last candidate for pedestrian notoriety. He has made a bet that he will walk, alone, unarmed, and without a cent in his pocket, and bearing aloft the American flag, through the late Southern Confederacy, from Vicksburg to Washington. He is already on his way, and the telegraph is noting his progress. The Mayor and a large portion of the population of Vicksburg ushered him out of that city with a grand demonstration. He proposes to sell photographs of himself at 25 cent apiece, all along his route, and convert the proceeds into a fund to be devoted to the aid and comfort of widows and orphans of soldiers who fought in the late war, irrespective of flag or politics. And then, I suppose, when he gets a good round sum together for the widows and orphans, he will hang up his flag and go and have a champagne blow-out. I don't believe in people who collect money for benevolent purposes and don't charge for it. I don't have full confidence in people who walk a thousand miles for the benefit of widows and orphans and don't get a cent for it. I question the uprightness of people who peddle their own photographs, anyhow, whether they carry flags or not. In my opinion a man might as well start his name with an initial and spell his middle name out and hope to be virtuous. But this fellow will get more black eyes, down there among those unreconstructed rebels than he can ever carry along with him without breaking his back. I expect to see him coming into Washington some day on one leg and with one eye out and an arm gone. He won't amount to more than an interesting relic by the time he gets here and then he will have to hire out for a sign for the Anatomical Museum. Those fellows down there have no sentiment in them. They won't buy his picture. They will be more likely to take his scalp.

Bates won his bet. During a three-month "march", which started in Vicksburg where he was welcomed by the mayor, he walked 1400 mi across Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia to Washington, carrying the Stars and Stripes, and he was granted hospitality all along the way. He recorded his journey in a pamphlet published in June 1868 titled The Triumphal March of Sergeant Bates from Vicksburg to Washington. In an irony of the times, although he was allowed to raise his flag over numerous official buildings in the South, including the state Capitol in Richmond, he was not granted permission to fly it at the Capitol in Washington.

British march
Later, a wealthy friend of Bates's wagered $1,000 against $100 that Bates could not march the length of England carrying the Stars and Stripes without being insulted. This was due to the idea that many English supported the Confederacy during the Civil War because of cotton exports. On November 5, 1872, Bates, in full military uniform, began a 400 mi march from the Scottish border to London. Throughout his travels in England, he was overwhelmed by the enthusiasm and kindness of the villagers. Hoteliers refused to let him pay; people fought to feed him. By the end of November, he had reached London, but the crowds were so great he had to be driven in an open carriage to the Guildhall, where he ceremoniously hung the unsullied Stars and Stripes next to the Union Jack. Upon reaching London, Bates telegrammed his friend, "Cancel wager. I regard this mission as something finer than a matter of money."

Artistic depiction
In September 2003, a dramatization of Bates's story titled "The Saga of Sergeant Bates: the Most Sensational March in American History", by John Nicholas Schweitzer, was commissioned by John Vorndran and produced for the Edgerton (Wisconsin) bicentennial.

title: Gilbert Bates


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Bleun-Brug

Bleun-Brug (Flower of the Heather) is a Catholic association that is oriented towards Breton nationalism.

Origins
The group was created in 1905 by abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, with a name devised at the 1905 conference of the Union Régionaliste Bretonne at Château de Kerjean. The heather symbolizes Breton tenacity. The association had the motto: Ar brezhoneg hag ar feiz a zo breur ha c'hoar e Breizh. ("Breton and faith are brother and sister in Brittany.")

The association fights to preserve Breton faith, language, and traditions. To accomplish this, it holds an annual party featuring Breton theatre, song, and lectures.

Magazine
The magazine Feiz ha Breiz, which first existed from 1865 to 1884, was restarted by Bleun-Brug in 1899, eventually becoming the official mouthpiece of the association.

Post-War
Bleun-Brug was guided mainly by abbot Perrot over a period of forty years, with the goal of maintaining Breton traditions and the usage of the Breton language amongst the rural populations of Lower Brittany. It was a true Catholic movement, subject to the bishopric of Quimper. The statutes of the association, established in 1912, were amended in 1925 to define its two objectives:

 * To promote the Breton ideal intellectually, politically, and economically.
 * To contribute, as Catholics, to realising in Brittany the full scope of its traditional faith.

title: Bleun-Brug