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Tortious interference

Tortious interference, also known as intentional interference with contractual relations, in the common law of torts, occurs when one person intentionally damages someone else's contractual or business relationships with a third party, causing economic harm. As an example, someone could use blackmail to induce a contractor into breaking a contract; they could threaten a supplier to prevent them from supplying goods or services to another party; or they could obstruct someone's ability to honor a contract with a client by deliberately refusing to deliver necessary goods.

A tort of negligent interference occurs when one party's negligence damages the contractual or business relationship between others, causing economic harm, such as by blocking a waterway or causing a blackout that prevents the utility company from being able to uphold its existing contracts with consumers.

Tortious interference with contract rights
Tortious interference with contract rights can occur when one party persuades another to breach its contract with a third party (e.g., using blackmail, threats, influence, etc.) or where someone knowingly interferes with a contractor's ability to perform his contractual obligations, preventing the client from receiving the services or goods promised (e.g., by refusing to deliver goods). The tortfeasor is the person who interferes with the contractual relationship between others. When a tortfeasor is aware of an existing contract and deliberately induces a breach by one of the contract holders, it is termed "tortious inducement of breach of contract."

Tortious interference with a business relationship
Tortious interference with business relationships occurs where the tortfeasor intentionally acts to prevent someone from successfully establishing or maintaining business relationships with others. This tort may occur when one party knowingly takes an action that causes a second party not to enter into a business relationship with a third party that otherwise would probably have occurred. An example is when a tortfeasor offers to sell a property to someone below market value knowing they were in the final stages of a sale with a third party pending the upcoming settlement date to formalize the sale writing. Such conduct is termed "tortious interference with a business expectancy".

Negligent tortious interference
The above situations are actionable only if someone with actual knowledge of, and intent to interfere with, an existing contract or expectancy between other parties, acts improperly with malicious intent and actually interferes with the contract/expectancy, causing economic harm. Historically, there has not been actionable cause if the interference was merely. However, some jurisdictions recognize such claims, See Union Oil Co. v. Oppen, 501 F.2d 558 (9th Cir. 1974) (holding negligent interference with prospective advantage actionable when risk of harm was foreseeable); In re Kinsman Transit Co., 388 F.2d 821 (2d Cir. 1968) (dictum: stating that negligent interference with contract should receive same legal treatment as other negligent acts); J’Aire Corp. v. Gregory, 24 Cal. 3d 799, 804, 157 Cal. Rptr. 407, 598 P.2d 60 (1979) (“Where a special relationship exists between the parties, a plaintiff may recover for loss of expected economic advantage through the negligent performance of a contract although the parties were not in contractual privity.”) (emphasis supplied); Settimo Associates v. Environ Systems, Inc., 14 Cal. App. 4th 842, 845, 17 Cal. Rptr. 2d 757 (1993) (“The tort of intentional or negligent interference with prospective economic advantage imposes liability for improper methods of disrupting or diverting the business relationship of another which fall outside the boundaries of fair competition.”) (emphasis supplied) (internal citation omitted). There used to be California authority that no cause of action exists for negligent interference with contractual relations. See Fifield Manor v. Finston, 54 Cal. 2d 632, 636—637, 7 Cal. Rptr. 377, 354 P.2d 1073 (1960). But the J'Aire decision, supra, appears to have overruled Fifield. Nevertheless, however illogical it may seem, it is arguable that California does not recognize a tort of negligent interference with contractual relations, but does recognize a tort of negligent interference with prospective economic advantage. See Young v. Fluorotronics, S.D. Calif. 2010). (This is comparable to recognizing manslaughter but decriminalizing murder.) although many do not. A tort of negligent interference occurs when one party's negligence damages the contractual or business relationship between others, causing economic harm, such as by blocking a waterway or causing a blackout preventing the utility company from being able to uphold its existing contracts with consumers.

Case law
An early—perhaps the earliest—instance of recognition of this tort occurred in Garret v Taylor, 79 Eng. Rep. 485 (K.B. 1620). In that case, the defendant drove customers away from the plaintiff's quarry by threatening them with mayhem and also threatening to "vex [them] with suits". The King's Bench court said that "the defendant threatened violence to the extent of committing an assault upon ... customers of the plaintiff ... whereupon 'they all desisted from buying'." The court therefore upheld a judgment for the plaintiff.

In a similar case, Tarleton v McGawley, 170 Eng. Rep. 153 (K.B. 1793), the defendant shot from its ship, Othello, off the coast of Africa upon natives while "contriving and maliciously intending to hinder and deter the natives from trading with" plaintiff's rival trading ship, Bannister. This action caused the natives (plaintiff's prospective customers) to flee the scene, depriving the plaintiff of their potential business. The King's Bench court held the conduct actionable. The defendant claimed, by way of justification, that the local native ruler had given it an exclusive franchise to trade with his subjects, but the court rejected this defense.

The tort was described in the case of Keeble v Hickeringill, (1707) 103 Eng. Rep. 1127, styled as a "trespass on the case". In that case, the defendant had used a shotgun to drive ducks away from a pond that the plaintiff had built for the purpose of capturing ducks. Thus, unlike the foregoing cases, here the actionable conduct was not directly driving the prospective customers away, but rather eliminating the subject matter of the prospective business. Although the ducks had not yet been captured, the Justice Holt wrote for the court that "where a violent or malicious act is done to a man's occupation, profession, or way of getting a livelihood, there an action lies in all cases." The court noted that the defendant would have the right to draw away ducks to a pond of his own, raising as a comparison a 1410 case in which the court deemed that no cause of action would lie where a schoolmaster opened a new school that drew students away from an old school.

The application of the above has since been modified in English law. In OBG v Allan [2008] 1 AC 1, wrongful interference: the unified theory which treated causing loss by unlawful means as an extension of the tort of inducing a breach of contract was abandoned; inducing breach of contract and causing loss by unlawful means were two separate torts. Inducing a breach of contract was a tort of accessory liability, and an intention to cause a breach of contract was a necessary and sufficient requirement for liability; a person had to know that he was inducing a breach of contract and to intend to do so; that a conscious decision not to inquire into the existence of a fact could be treated as knowledge for the purposes of the tort; that a person who knowingly induced a breach of contract as a means to an end had the necessary intent even if he was not motivated by malice but had acted with the motive of securing an economic advantage for himself; that, however, a breach of contract which was neither an end in itself nor a means to an end but was merely a foreseeable consequence of a person's acts did not give rise to liability; and that there could be no secondary liability without primary liability, and therefore a person could not be liable for inducing a breach of contract unless there had in fact been a breach by the contracting party.

Acts against a third party counted as unlawful means only if they were actionable by that third party if he had suffered loss; that unlawful means consisted of acts intended to cause loss to the claimant by interfering with the freedom of a third party in a way which was unlawful as against that third party and which was intended to cause loss to the claimant, but did not include acts which might be unlawful against a third party but which did not affect his freedom to deal with the claimant. Strict liability for conversion applied only to an interest in chattels and not to chooses in action; this was too radical to impose liability for pure economic loss on receivers who had been appointed and had acted in good faith. This also left open the position where they breached the duty of good faith.

Typical examples

 * 1) Tortious interference of business – When false claims and accusations are made against a business or an individual's reputation in order to drive business away.
 * 2) Tortious interference of contract – When an individual uses "tort" (a wrongful act) to come between two parties' mutual contract.

Striking
In the United Kingdom, a trade union encouraging or facilitating workers to take strike action commits tortious interference with the employees' contracts of employment, unless the action is conducted in accordance with Part V of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, as amended.

Elements
Although the specific elements required to prove a claim of tortious interference vary from one jurisdiction to another, they typically include the following:

 * 1) The existence of a contractual relationship or beneficial business relationship between two parties.
 * 2) Knowledge of that relationship by a third party.
 * 3) Intent of the third party to induce a party to the relationship to breach the relationship.
 * 4) Lack of any privilege on the part of the third party to induce such a breach.
 * 5) The contractual relationship is breached.
 * 6) Damage to the party against whom the breach occurs.

The first element may, in employment-at-will jurisdictions, be held fulfilled in regards to a previously unterminated employer/employee relationship.

In California, these are the elements of negligent interference with prospective economic advantage, which the plaintiff must establish:

 * 1) an economic relationship existed between the plaintiff and a third party which contained a reasonably probable future economic benefit or advantage to plaintiff;
 * 2) the defendant knew of the existence of the relationship and was aware or should have been aware that if it did not act with due care its actions would interfere with this relationship and cause plaintiff to lose in whole or in part the probable future economic benefit or advantage of the relationship;
 * 3) the defendant was negligent; and
 * 4) such negligence caused damage to plaintiff in that the relationship was actually interfered with or disrupted and plaintiff lost in whole or in part the economic benefits or advantage reasonably expected from the relationship.

Some cases add that a defendant acts negligently only if the defendant owes the plaintiff a duty of care.

California and most jurisdictions hold that there is a privilege to compete for business. "Under the privilege of free competition, a competitor is free to divert business to himself as long as he uses fair and reasonable means. Thus, the plaintiff must present facts indicating the defendant's interference is somehow wrongful—i.e., based on facts that take the defendant's actions out of the realm of legitimate business transactions." "[T]he competition privilege is defeated only where the defendant engages in unlawful or illegitimate means." "Wrongful" in this context means "independently wrongful"—that is, "blameworthy" or "independently wrongful apart from the interference itself". This may be termed use of improper means. "Commonly included among improper means are actions which are independently actionable, violations of federal or state law or unethical business practices, e.g., violence, misrepresentation, unfounded litigation, defamation, trade libel or trade mark infringement." Other examples of wrongful conduct are "fraud, misrepresentation, intimidation, coercion, obstruction or molestation of the rival or his servants or workmen".

Damages
Typical legal damages for tortious interference include economic losses, if they can be proven with certainty, and mental distress. Additionally punitive damages may be awarded if malice on the part of the wrongdoer can be established.

Equitable remedies may include injunctive relief in the form of a negative injunction that would be used to prevent the wrongdoer from benefiting from any contractual relationship that may arise out of the interference, i.e., the performance of a singer who was originally contracted with the plaintiff to perform at the same time.

Additional example
Tortious interference with an expected inheritance - One who, by fraud, duress or other tortious means intentionally prevents another from receiving from a third person an inheritance or gift that he would otherwise have received, is subject to liability to the other for loss of the inheritance or gift.

title: Tortious interference


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/Current activity

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File:Okot bitek.jpg

Source: The South African Democratic Teachers Union

Rationale of fair use for Okot p'Bitek
The image Okot bitek.jpg is being linked here; though the original picture may be copyrighted it is covered by fair use because:

 * 1) The image is important to the article, providing an image of the Okot p'Bitek.
 * 2) There are no known free or public domain head shots of photographs of Archbishop Okot p'Bitek.
 * 3) This image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the original image in any way.
 * 4) The photo is used for non-profit and informational purposes only.

title: File:Okot bitek.jpg


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Talk:Groupie/Archive 1

minor edit
Hello, i changed the Houston Rocket bit at the start to something more generic - yeah i know, boring... but i'm still not sure what sport has to do with groupyism? anyway, just stumbling Boomshanka (talk) 14:52, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed rewrite
I would like to change this article and propose a rewrite with better reference and citations. The conclusions regarding groupies in graf #2 of Types of Groupies and in graf #2 of Motives of Groupies have no citations or references to back them up. However there is ample book, newspaper, and magazine examples of the opposite.

There was also an excellent academic book published 2 years ago that offers some of the only hard analyses of groupies available. Numerous current memoirs exist or are imminent and these too provide clearer understanding of a complex subculture. The old Rolling Stone articles on groupies plus the book Groupies and Other Girls are good examples of early documentation - none is used or cited in the current article.

I'm interested in discussion on the topic.

Fairblonde 23:27, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

how do i make this show up correctly?
= = See also = =
 * [ [ Category : Groupies | List of Groupies ] ]

---i would like it to show up under the article itself, not very far below with the other "categories"

thanks! :)
 * —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.12.116.9 (talk • contribs)

OK, it's easy. You can add the text  List of Groupies  and it will produce "List of Groupies". The trick you are asking for is in the leading colon - it converts the categorization into ordinary link.

BTW, same applies to inter-wikies: de:Groupie will give you de:Groupie in the text instead of the lower left pane. You could have used the "nowiki"-tags instead of spaces in you question above as in my examples. -- Goldie (tell me) 22:13, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Songs about groupies
I would add "Boys in the Band" by The Libertines, I don't know what you think about that.

I would add Zappa with Joe s Garage as probably the ultimate groupie album. Quote: Home is where the heart is. The boys like leather, they like rubber too. She is the girl that would do anyting, I said anything, for fifty bucks. etc.

Why were the list of "groupie names" deleted? Those were a crack up!

"Imaginary world"
Me either! In fact, there's a lot of pompous statements that I just can't get to right now but will soon. "Imaginary world" is one but the one that is so gawdawfully off base is the statement about "regardless of the fact that the objects of their obsession may already be married, have children, or otherwise already in a committed relationship." Fairblonde 01:31, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

I don't see what is imaginary about the situation depicted. I'd improve the wording if I knew how to do so in a way that would be generally acceptable.

Cleanup tag added
Article reads more as a list of examples rather than an actual encyclopedic article.--h i s  s p a c e   r e s e a r c h 17:47, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

After a week, why did you remove the following from the first paragraph of the article. Robert Lewis, at Arts & Opinion, argues that the groupie phenomenon dates back to. . . . . . then I left this link: http://www.artsandopinion.com/2003_v2_n4/lewis-5.htm Artsandopinion (talk) 16:45, 15 January 2008 (UTC)Robert Lewis

 * This rather prominent link to a non-notable author's basically uninformative opinion piece is not justifiable per either common sense or Wikipedia's external link policy. Such linkage does not help build an encyclopedia; it just wastes readers' time. / edg ☺ ☭ 18:22, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

I notice, Edgarde, that you are copy/pasting the same negative comments on all of my article links. What makes you an authority on the subject of envy, or groupies, or Martin Heidegger? For your information, Pamela des Barres, mentioned in your main text as well as REFERENCE section, one of the world's most famous groupies, quotes me at length, pages 8 & 9 in the introduction of her latest book Let's Spend the Night Together. She regards me as an authority, but you don't. She's got it wrong; you've got it right. I don't think you're being fair or objective. Is there a mechanism that will allow me to have all of your negative decisions reviewed? Thanking you in advance for this small consideration. 19:08, 15 January 2008 (UTC)Robert Lewis

 * I don't need to be an authority on groupies to determine this link is not suitable. The mechanism you want is called dispute resolution. If you are in a hurry to prove something, Third opinion would be your best bet. / edg ☺ ☭ 19:14, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

I'll thank you for the above information but you haven't answered my questions. Who edits this page? Why are you, a user, allowed to edit it? And why does the anthropological explanation (the only one offered, I might add) of the groupie phenomenon make the article usuitable, but quotable for P. des Barres? Artsandopinion (talk) 20:20, 15 January 2008 (UTC)Robert Lewis

 * I edit this page. So do you. We are allowed to edit this page because the Wikipedia community encourages us to do so.

 * Your opinion that Groupies are demonstrating a primitive behavior that makes women submit to dominant men needs a reliable source, at the very least to demonstrate this idea is notable.
 * / edg ☺ ☭ 20:34, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * / edg ☺ ☭ 20:34, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Pamerla des Barres, author of Let's Spend the Night Together, referenced on several occasions in your article, is the reliable source. Contact her, as she contacted me, requesting permission to quote her in her book. An original thought, if it sets a precedent, or rather opens up a realm, can't be both original and notable. It's only notable in the sense that des Barres took note of it and used in her book. Artsandopinion (talk) 02:57, 16 January 2008 (UTC)RL

title: Talk:Groupie/Archive 1


text: Category:Crystallophones

title: Category:Crystallophones


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Cammeraygal

The Cammeraygal, variously spelled as Cam-mer-ray-gal, Gamaraigal, Kameraigal, Cameragal and several other variations, are one clan of the 29 Darug tribes who are united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers in family groups or clans that inhabited the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Traditional lands
The traditional lands of the Cammeraygal people are now contained within much of the North Sydney, Willoughby, Mosman, Manly and Warringah local government areas. The Cammeraygal people lived in the area until the 1820s and are recorded as being in the northern parts of the Sydney region for approximately 5,800 years.

Legacy
The suburb of Cammeray and Cammeraygal High School, located in the suburb of Crows Nest, are named after the Cammeraygal people. The name Cammeraygal is ensigned on the North Sydney Council emblem. In 1999, North Sydney Council erected a monument in honour of the Cammeraygal tribe, the traditional owners of the North Sydney area.

Notable Cammeraygal people

 * Barangaroo, the second wife of Bennelong

title: Cammeraygal


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Talk:Anand Lal Shimpi

Untitled
This content was moved here from Anand Shimpi as Anand Lal Shimpi is his full name. HackJandy 22:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Heaton Research book
That book is self-published (by Jeff Heaton), so probably not a WP:RS for a WP:BLP. Tijfo098 (talk) 08:11, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

Contested deletion
This article should not be speedily deleted for lack of asserted importance because there is nothing useful except advertisement of a person and his company. — Morsecoder (talk) 22:47, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Please delete this article
He is not particularly noteworthy and has done nothing in particular since 1997.

2600:6C56:6408:71:A825:44B3:E234:C0C8 (talk) 07:12, 18 November 2021 (UTC)anonymous

title: Talk:Anand Lal Shimpi


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Talk:Taz-Mania

Untitled
Does anyone know if there are DVDs of the series? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.215.202.168 (talk • contribs) 22:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know, but I'd hope so. Also I don't think Jake was exactly obnoxious, but opinions vary.--T. Anthony 01:44, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * And oddly I was thinking of this show the other day. In one episode the Dingo said "you can't fall of a mountain, that's a literary quote kids look it up when you're in college." Which oddly enough I intended to when I went to college, but forgot until recently. It's Kerouac, Dharma Bums I think.--T. Anthony 03:18, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No, there currently aren't any DVDs of the show. In fact, if the Looney Tunes Visual Guide is to be taken into account, Warner Bros. seems to be pretending the show never existed. (Come to think of it, that book doesn't mention The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries either.) But I figure that with Animaniacs and Pinky and the Brain coming to DVD next summer, I figure they'll eventually release Taz-Mania (and all the other old Kids WB shows) in that format as well. - Nintendo Maximus

Accusation
I have to say that the accusation that Taz was making fun of Downs Syndrome children is retarded. That woman should be ashamed of herself for pretending to speak for retarded children like that. There needs to be laws that protect people from such people wanting to exploit the mental disabilities of others to ruin the reputations of others. Isn't that already called slander? Anyway, the tasmanian devil cartoon had always spoken in grunts etc. since when the character first appeared decades ago. Howcome nobody took offense to it then? As if Downs Syndrome people were the only mentally retaded people who couldn't communicate. What a gratuitous swipe at ruining a perfectly harmless cartoon with no obvious intent of offense to ANYONE. There are already people who also take offense at the word "retarded." Sorry, but that's retarded. Some extremists believe that that word is as offensive as other four letter words and that's retarded. Retarded, retarded, retarded. Give me a word, and there's sure to be a group that takes "offense" at it. Pretty soon there will be a group to ban the word "the" from *** dictionary, because "***" is such a specifying article so as to be offensive. People that attempt to make an issue where there is not one really p*ss the h*ll out of me.222.151.236.116 (talk) 06:51, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Since you've stated that it will annoy you, I would like to tell you that there is no need for your frequent use of the word "retarded" in your description of people with Down's Syndrome. Also, try and keep any potentially offensive comments to your self in future as there is no need for them in Wikipedia. Thank you. TheTrojanHought (talk) 13:53, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The only health related issue I came across when watching the show was that seizure-inducing intro. Not much else comes into my mind. 68.75.31.179 (talk) 00:30, 3 December 2011 (UTC)

I edited this article a while back to remove the quote attributed to "that woman", who should be "ashamed of herself". That woman is my mother, who has cared for my brother (who has Down syndrome) and fought for the rights of people with Down syndrome for decades. She never would, and never has, said what was attributed to her in this article. I'm disgusted that googling her name brings up a false quote on sites that have taken the false wiki info! People who make statements based on nothing really "p*ss the h*ll out of me", to use the aforementioned language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.242.79.160 (talk) 19:05, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Axle & Pinky
Huh the guy who did Axle's voice I guess also did Pinky's. In some respects Axle & Bull have a working relationship sort of similar to Pinky and the Brain. Although Bull isn't especially bright and it's made a bit more clear that Axle is quite well-educated, even brilliant. I'm not sure how to mention that in an NPOV way. Although the information about Axle was in one episode so I can mention it.--T. Anthony 15:24, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * What a terrible description of Taz! - JC  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.52.69.18 (talk) 16:27, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Added Episode Listing
Added episode listing in table format with official WB production codes and original airdates where available. Davemackey (talk) 21:07, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

New page
dose any one want to help with Draft:List of Taz-Mania episodes Fanoflionking

title: Talk:Taz-Mania


text:
Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna

The Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna (Portuguese for Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Homeland Security) is a Portuguese higher education institution, a police university institute or Police academy of the PSP - Polícia de Segurança Pública. It is located in Lisbon, Portugal.


text:
Talk:Richard Brooks (actor)

Firefly TV Series
• Sbmeirow  •  Talk  •  11:02, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
 * He said the last words of the Firefly TV series (not the movie). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZ6GtlAQcjk
 * He had the best misunderstanding quote from the series. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTSmKjdhNIg

title: Talk:Richard Brooks (actor)


text: User talk:81.154.97.178

title: User talk:81.154.97.178


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SportsCentury

SportsCentury is an ESPN biography television program that reviews the people and events that defined sports in North America throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Using stock footage, on-camera interviews, and photographs of their athletic lives, who grew up.

In 1999, ESPN counted down the Top 50 Athletes of the 20th Century, selected from North American athletes and voted on by a panel of sports journalists and observers, premiering a new biography highlighting each top athlete every week throughout the year. The episodes for the top two athletes, Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth, appeared on a special combined edition broadcast on Christmas Day on ABC. The top two names were announced in no particular order, and the final positioning was announced at the conclusion of the two episodes. An additional list of numbers 51–100 were announced on the ESPN SportsCentury website. Themed specials such as Greatest Games, Greatest Coaches, Greatest Dynasties, and Most Influential Individuals were premiered throughout the year, as well as six SportsCenter of the Decade programs.

After the initial run was complete, the episodes were rerun at various times on ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN Classic. The original plan for the series was to expand to include #51 through #100. Ultimately, the series featured just over half of the athletes from #51 to #100, and instead expanded to include over 150 other athletes, coaches, owners, personalities, and notable moments in sports history. Acknowledgements were given to athletes that were notable for more recent accomplishments, even if they spent only a small part of their career in the 20th century (e.g., Tiger Woods, Tom Brady), or were recently deceased (e.g. Pat Tillman, Dale Earnhardt). Special subsets of episodes were created revolving around a particular event, including athletes associated with the particular sport. They would typically air in the days leading up to those events. (e.g., Winter Olympics, golf majors, Indianapolis 500, etc.)

ESPN Classic began to feature the program with host, Chris Fowler, as the highlight of its weeknight prime-time programing, airing five nights a week. After cycling through the entire series several times, and after debuting several new episodes, it was removed as a nightly program. , reruns of the documentary series airs Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern time. The last original program was that of Shaquille O'Neal, which aired in November 2007.

Controversy
The final order of choices led to debate, some of which came from the SportsCentury camp. Bob Costas, one of the series' voters, said, "I had Babe Ruth as my number one, but I think the list they came up with was a good one. Everybody more or less deserved to be there." ESPN writer Bud Morgan conceded that the Secretariat pick "was kind of controversial because a lot of people took the attitude 'What is a four-legged animal doing on this list?'"

Tony Kornheiser, whose ballot was topped by Ruth, Muhammad Ali and Michael Jordan, said, "I can't conceive of how Ruth didn't finish number one. He had the greatest impact of anybody on a sport by far... Michael Jordan didn't have as many championships as Bill Russell and didn't score as many points as Wilt Chamberlain, and really didn't do anything to advance his sport, so maybe in retrospect I upgraded him a bit too much because the way he performed was so spectacular, and because of television I got to see highlights.  They may have overpersuaded a lot of us... Did Jim Thorpe get the praise he deserved?  Probably not, because there weren't enough people old enough to really remember him."

ESPN anchor Charley Steiner said "I think picking [Jordan] number one was a generational decision, not a historical one. Babe Ruth deserved it more."

Don King lawsuit
In 2005, Don King and his promotional company, Don King Productions, Inc. filed a $2.5 billion defamation suit against the Walt Disney Company, the current owners of ESPN and ABC Cable Networks Group, and Advocate Communications, after a documentary alleged that King had "killed, not once, but twice", threatened to break Larry Holmes' legs, had a hospital invest into a film that was never made, cheated Meldrick Taylor out of $1 million, and then threatened to have Taylor killed. Though the documentary repeated many claims that were already made, King said he had now had enough. King's attorney said "It was slanted to show Don in the worst way. It was one-sided from day one, Don is a strong man, but he has been hurt by this."

The case was dismissed on summary judgment with a finding that King could not show "actual malice" from the defendants, and that King had failed to prove that any of the challenged statements were false. The judgement also pointed out that the studio had tried on a number of occasions to interview King for the documentary, but he had declined; while not suggesting that King had a legal obligation to do so, the court sympathized with ESPN's circumstances on those grounds. King appealed the decision and, 3 years later, the Second District Court of Appeals upheld the summary judgement, but disagreed with the original finding that none of the statements were false. In any case, Judge Dorian Damoorgian ruled, "Nothing in the record shows that ESPN purposefully made false statements about King in order to bolster the theme of the program or to inflict harm on King".

Recognition
SportsCentury won a Peabody Award in 1999 "for overall excellence in sports broadcasting."

Athlete statistics

 * By sport:
 * Baseball: 22
 * Football: 20
 * Track/Field: 12
 * Basketball: 11
 * Tennis: 8
 * Boxing: 7
 * Hockey: 6
 * Golf: 6
 * Horse racing: 5 (2 jockeys, 3 horses)
 * Auto racing: 3
 * Swimming / Diving: 2
 * Speed skating: 2
 * Gymnastics: 1

 * By gender
 * 89 male
 * 8 female
 * 3 thoroughbred horses

Athletes

 * Affirmed & Alydar
 * Andre Agassi
 * Lyle Alzado
 * Lance Armstrong
 * Arthur Ashe
 * Charles Barkley
 * Chuck Bednarik
 * Albert Belle
 * Johnny Bench
 * Yogi Berra
 * Moe Berg
 * Barry Bonds
 * Terry Bradshaw
 * Tom Brady
 * Kobe Bryant
 * Roy Campanella
 * Jennifer Capriati
 * Steve Carlton
 * Rubin Carter
 * Roger Clemens
 * Cynthia Cooper
 * Jim Craig
 * John Daly
 * Ernie Davis
 * Oscar De La Hoya
 * Dale Earnhardt
 * Dale Earnhardt Jr.
 * Dennis Eckersley
 * John Elway
 * Brett Favre
 * Bob Feller
 * Mark Fidrych
 * Charlie Finley
 * Carlton Fisk
 * Peggy Fleming
 * Tim Flock
 * Curt Flood
 * Richmond Flowers
 * Doug Flutie
 * Cheryl Ford
 * George Foreman
 * Bevo Francis
 * Joe Frazier
 * Dan Gable
 * Kevin Garnett
 * Zina Garrison
 * Mark Gastineau
 * Frank Gifford
 * Jeff Gordon
 * Steffi Graf
 * Red Grange
 * Rocky Graziano
 * Hank Greenberg
 * Florence Griffith Joyner
 * Marvin Hagler
 * Dorothy Hamill
 * Mia Hamm
 * Connie Hawkins
 * Evander Holyfield
 * Paul Hornung
 * Sam Huff
 * Allen Iverson
 * Reggie Jackson
 * Dan Jansen
 * Bruce Jenner
 * Derek Jeter
 * Nile Kinnick
 * Anna Kournikova
 * Michelle Kwan
 * Don Larsen
 * Sugar Ray Leonard
 * Ray Lewis
 * Eric Lindros
 * Sonny Liston
 * Nancy Lopez
 * Jerry Lucas
 * Karl Malone
 * Peyton Manning
 * Pete Maravich
 * Roger Maris
 * Billy Martin (2-part)
 * Pedro Martínez
 * Gene Mauch
 * Bill Mazeroski
 * John McEnroe
 * Mark McGwire
 * Denny McLain
 * Jim McMahon
 * Rick Mears
 * Phil Mickelson
 * Archie Moore
 * Randy Moss
 * Alonzo Mourning
 * Greg Norman
 * Shaquille O'Neal
 * Terrell Owens
 * Pelé
 * Brian Piccolo
 * Jimmy Piersall
 * Jacques Plante
 * Gary Player
 * Jim Plunkett
 * Cal Ripken Jr.
 * Frank Robinson
 * Andy Roddick
 * Dennis Rodman
 * Seabiscuit
 * Curt Schilling
 * Willie Shoemaker
 * Emmitt Smith
 * Seattle Slew
 * Sammy Sosa
 * Latrell Sprewell
 * Bart Starr
 * Casey Stengel
 * Tony Stewart
 * Darryl Strawberry
 * Maurice Stokes
 * Picabo Street
 * Isiah Thomas
 * Pat Tillman
 * Lee Trevino
 * Mike Tyson
 * Al Unser Sr.
 * Bill Vukovich
 * Bill Walton
 * Bud Wilkinson
 * Chris Webber
 * Reggie White
 * Jayson Williams
 * Venus & Serena Williams
 * Tyrone Willingham
 * Tiger Woods
 * Carl Yastrzemski
 * Sources

Coaches, owners, and other personalities

 * Sparky Anderson
 * Red Auerbach
 * Bobby Bowden
 * Larry Brown
 * Bear Bryant
 * Al Davis
 * Woody Hayes
 * Phil Jackson
 * Willie Jeffries
 * Don King
 * Bob Knight
 * Mike Krzyzewski
 * Tom Landry
 * Vince Lombardi
 * Bill Parcells
 * Rick Pitino
 * Pete Rozelle
 * Adolph Rupp
 * Don Shula
 * Dean Smith
 * George Steinbrenner
 * Bill Veeck
 * Dick Vermeil
 * John Wooden

Games, teams, and other special episodes

 * 1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final
 * 1977 British Open
 * Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals ("The Flu Game")
 * Ball Four
 * Epic in Miami (Chargers vs. Dolphins)
 * New York Yankees
 * Jerry's Cowboys
 * Bears 46 defense
 * Villanova vs. Georgetown (1985 NCAA Championship)
 * Disciples of Jackie Robinson
 * 1999 Ryder Cup

SportsCentury: Greatest Games of the 20th Century
"Greatest Games" was a top ten countdown of the best games/matches voted on from a wide variety of team and individual sports.
 * 1) "The Greatest Game Ever Played" – (1958 NFL Championship): Baltimore Colts vs. New York Giants (1958)
 * 2) The Shot Heard 'Round the World – Bobby Thomson's home run (1951)
 * 3) Super Bowl III – New York Jets defeat Baltimore Colts (1969)
 * 4) Miracle on Ice – U.S.A defeats U.S.S.R. (1980)
 * 5) "Thrilla in Manila" – Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier (1975)
 * 6) "Ice Bowl" – Green Bay vs. Dallas (1967)
 * 7) Game 6 of the 1975 World Series – Carlton Fisk's home run (1975)
 * 8) Tiger Woods wins the Masters (1997)
 * 9) Willis Reed and Knicks beat Lakers in Game 7 (1970)
 * 10) Borg-McEnroe Wimbledon thriller (1980)

SportsCentury: Greatest Coaches of the 20th Century
"Greatest Coaches" was a top ten countdown of the best coaches voted on from a wide variety of team sports
 * 1) Vince Lombardi
 * 2) John Wooden
 * 3) Red Auerbach
 * 4) Dean Smith
 * 5) Bear Bryant
 * 6) John McGraw
 * 7) George Halas
 * 8) Don Shula
 * 9) Paul Brown
 * 10) Knute Rockne

SportsCentury: Greatest Dynasties

 * New York Yankees
 * Boston Celtics
 * Montreal Canadiens
 * John Wooden's UCLA Bruins (1960s and 1970s)
 * Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team (1946–1949)
 * Dallas Cowboys (1990s)
 * Atlanta Braves (1990s)
 * Chicago Bulls (1990s)
 * San Francisco 49ers (1980s)

SportsCentury: Most Influential Individuals
Another top ten countdown special, focusing on influential figures in sports during the twentieth century, namely off-the-field contributors.

 * 1) Branch Rickey
 * 2) Pete Rozelle
 * 3) Roone Arledge
 * 4) Marvin Miller
 * 5) Kenesaw Mountain Landis
 * 6) David Stern
 * 7) Avery Brundage
 * 8) Walter O'Malley
 * 9) George Halas
 * 10) Mark McCormack

SportsCentury: The Year in Review

 * 1980 Year in Review
 * 1981 Year in Review
 * 1982 Year in Review
 * 1983 Year in Review
 * 1984 Year in Review
 * 1985 Year in Review
 * 1986 Year in Review
 * 1987 Year in Review
 * 1988 Year in Review
 * 1989 Year in Review
 * 1990 Year in Review
 * 1991 Year in Review
 * 1992 Year in Review
 * 1993 Year in Review
 * 1994 Year in Review
 * 1995 Year in Review
 * 1996 Year in Review
 * 1997 Year in Review
 * 1998 Year in Review
 * 1999 Year in Review
 * 2000 Year in Review
 * 2001 Year in Review

Also included in the overall production was "SportsCenter of the Decade", a series of six two-hour programs (1900–1949, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s). Each episode was presented as a fictional episode of SportsCenter, in the way ESPN would have covered the events at the time (styles, studio/production design, and other various pop culture references).

title: SportsCentury


text:
William Alexander Percy

William Alexander Percy (May 14, 1885 – January 21, 1942) was a lawyer, planter, and poet from Greenville, Mississippi. His autobiography Lanterns on the Levee (Knopf 1941) became a bestseller. His father LeRoy Percy was the last United States Senator from Mississippi elected by the legislature. In a largely Protestant state, the younger Percy championed the Roman Catholicism of his French mother.

Biography
He was born to Camille, a French Catholic, and LeRoy Percy, of the planter class in Mississippi, and grew up in Greenville. His father was elected as U.S. senator in 1910. As an attorney and planter with 20,000 acres under cultivation for cotton, he attended The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, as did three previous generations in his family. He graduated in 1904.

He spent a year in Paris, then went to Harvard for a law degree. After returning to Greenville, Percy joined his father's firm in the practice of law.

During World War I, Percy joined the Commission for Relief in Belgium in November 1916. He served in Belgium as a delegate until the withdrawal of American personnel upon the US declaration of war in April 1917. He served in the U.S. Army in World War I, earning the rank of Captain and the Croix de Guerre.

From 1925 to 1932, Percy edited the Yale Younger Poets series, the first of its kind in the country. He also published four volumes of poetry with the Yale University Press. A Southern man of letters, Percy befriended many fellow writers, Southern, Northern and European, including William Faulkner. He socialized with Langston Hughes and other people in and about the Harlem Renaissance. Percy was a sort of godfather to the Fugitives at Vanderbilt, or Southern Agrarians, as John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate and Robert Penn Warren often were called.

Percy's family was plagued with suicides, including that of his first cousin LeRoy Pratt Percy and possibly his wife Martha Susan (Mattie Sue) Phinizy Percy, who died in a car accident. William adopted his cousin's children, Walker, LeRoy (Roy) and Phinizy (Phin) Percy, after they were orphaned. As adults, all three prospered. Walker Percy became a medical doctor and a best-selling author. Roy married Sarah Hunt Farish, the daughter of Will Percy's law partner Hazlewood Power Farish. He took charge of Trail Lake, the Percy family's plantation. Phin married and moved to New Orleans to practice law.

Percy's most well-known work is his memoir Lanterns on the Levee: Recollections of a Planter's Son (Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1941). His other works include the text of "They Cast Their Nets in Galilee", which is included in the Episcopal Hymnal (1982) (Hymn 661), and the Collected Poems (Knopf 1943).

Percy wrote a one-act play, "In April Once", published with a collection of his poems in a volume also titled In April Once (1920). One of his poems, originally part of "In April Once", was re-published in a revised form under the name A. W. Percy in Men and Boys, an anonymous anthology of Uranian poetry (privately printed, New York, 1934). There is speculation that Edward M. Slocum, the compiler of the anthology, changed the text of the poem before printing it, and that it may have been included in the anthology without Percy's knowledge.

A friend of Herbert Hoover from the Belgium Relief Effort during the early years of World War I, Percy was put in charge of relief during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, when an area larger than all New England except Maine was flooded in the spring. During the flood, thousands of blacks, fleeing farms and plantations under water, were forced to seek refuge on the narrow rim of the levee in Greenville. Percy believed that the Black citizens of Greenville needed to be evacuated to Vicksburg to receive better care and food, and he arranged for ships to prepare to remove them. However, LeRoy Percy and local planters prevented the evacuation, and the Black citizens remaining on the levee were forced to work in conditions that many compared to slavery. The Colored Advisory Commission led by Robert Russa Moton, formed to investigate abuses that had taken place during the flood, named the Greenville camp as one where black refugees complained of poor treatment.

Legacy and honors

 * The William Alexander Percy Library at 341 Main Street, Greenville, Mississippi is named for him.

Family

 * Walker Percy
 * Charles "Don Carlos" Percy
 * LeRoy Percy
 * Thomas George Percy

title: William Alexander Percy


text:
Talk:Pregnancy fetishism

Maiesiophilia
Please don't move the entire entry arbitrarily because you think "Maiesiophilia", "Maieusiophilia" or "Maeiusiophilia" or anything else is the right spelling. There is much debate as to the spelling of that word, so I suggest the article stay here, and anyone interested in moving it try debating it here. (Darien Shields 19:23, 20 August 2005 (UTC))

I apologise if any of my recent additions (the Community, Art, and Fiction information) is inappropriate to this article, and will completely understand if it is removed in the future. (Darien Shields 02:43, 23 July 2005 (UTC))

I am unsure what sorts of sites to include as External Links. I personally own a maieusiophilia site, but I'm concerned that linking it would be immoral, self serving, or suchlike, and furthermore, whether it is even that relevant. Although I'd say it's as relevant as the porn site that is currently linked. There are a whole load of sites that I could link, but I don't know how many could really be considered relevant. Someone also suggested that I ask permission of site owners before linking their sites. I really hadn't considered this before. Is there a wikipedia policy on linking permission? Well, anyway, I might add these things since I doubt I will get any reply swiftly, but would completely understand (and apologise) if someone else subsequently removed them. (Darien Shields 22:56, 22 July 2005 (UTC))

 * Your work so far seems to be good. I can't believe there would be a problem with linking to sites because you'd be generating traffic for them (which I assume is what they want).--DarkSide6 07:35, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * One person seemed worried that it might bring trolls who wanted to make fun of folk. That's happened before, but usually when links are placed on sites like "Something Awful". Anyway, I got presmission from the person primarilly involved (Darien Shields 05:41, 4 August 2005 (UTC))

Redundant article?
See Maiesiophilia. I don't know whether there is supposed to be any difference between what both articles cover, but right now that one seems to be mostly redundant. Merge anyone? –Ashmodai 22:02, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The other article is more about describing that term. While this one is more about the "culture". Jack Cain 22:31, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'd agree that the Maieusiophilia article is mostly redundant. I'd approve of a merge.

 * Merge The Maieusiophilia article sounds encyclopedic. The Pregnancy fetishism sounds pervy and rambling.Ghosts&empties 20:54, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * There is of course the spelling debate with the 'Maieusiophilia'. The articles should definently be merged, personally I don't mind which title is used as long as pregnancy fetish, and all spellings of 'Maieusiophilia' redirect to the same place.

 * This article needs some revisions. It does definitely ramble on and has little basis in fact with almost no references. 02:20, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Do Not Merge --Anchoress 11:12, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Redirected Maiesiophilia here
I've made Maiesiophilia a redirect to this article, we don't have multiple articles on the same topic on wikipedia. I didn't bother merging the content, because it was entirely unsourced. Feel free to go check the history and grab it if you want it here. --Xyzzyplugh 16:37, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Unrelated to pædophilia
Who conflates pregnant women with prepubescent children??

Also, I don’t remember the bus driver in “Rat Race” seeming turned on at all. —Wiki Wikardo 08:58, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't believe pedophilia related to pregnancy fetishism, the issue is on the female body is pregnant and physiological changes occur while she bears a child inside the womb. It's totally acceptable in western countries (some couples, married or cohabiting, and if their religious-moral views permit it) to continue sexual relations with a pregnant spouse/partner, provided by the doctor/physician if the woman has no medical problems or not in "high risk" pregnancy. The only obstacle is sexual positions for her and him to feel comforting, or if he's aroused by how she looks (esp. her big belly, weight gain included). I think more and more people in western countries aren't thrilled or shocked if a healthy pregnant woman wants to have sex.63.3.14.2 12:08, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah...the controversial scene was deleted, because the themes on sexual arousal was unsuitable in some regional and small markets (in the USA). Was "rat race" rated R or PG-13? That scene couldn't fit in some R-rated films ("x-rated" soft porn). It could be "offensive" to some audiences and probably not in a PG 13-rated film. Most DVD releases of movies have deleted scenes or extra footage included (directors' cut, British/Canadian versions, special insiders' look, etc.) and the DVD version Rat Race may had the bus driver/pregnant passenger scene. I never saw the movie or DVD... what's the movie Nine months has to do with pregnancy fetishism? 63.3.14.2 12:08, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Why is someone taking down external links on topics related to maiesiophilia and pregnancy fetishism? I want them back...they are useful, liable and credited resources, for goodness sake, it talks about what the article is focused on.

The web link below is from Wired News.com on web sites feature pictures of pregnant women (belly shots, part-nudes, childbirth close-ups) and the issues coming out of the chance of "pervert" men or women will stare at the pics, trade them to others in fetish clubs, and it made me question what are the limits of modesty, glorification (a byproduct of love-making or procreation inside a woman's body, vs. snapshots of women in pain/discomfort at labor and c-section scars/stitches?) and just plain weird sex to only disturb viewers or readers?

It's important for privacy reasons and respect to the ladies, never just trade nude prego pics without prior consent or permission, chances are it'll end up back to the original source! And there are prego pic web sites ran or produced by pregnant women (or/and their husbands) admittedly into maiesiophilia, gravidaphilia, exhibitionism and "wife-sharing" stories within the pregnancy fetish community. Here's the web link below (but no prego pics...Ok?) :-D 63.3.14.1 07:38, 26 February 2007 (UTC) Wired News: The naked truth of birth —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.3.14.1 (talk) 09:08, 25 January 2007 (UTC).

Unsourced
Please refer to the verification policy: The obligation to provide a reliable source lies with the editors wishing to include the material, not on those seeking to challenge and/or remove it. Please note that the emphasis is in the original. If there are reliable sources for any of the things that I've removed (and am about to re-remove) add them and there is no problem. - 152.91.9.144 02:25, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * If there are sources to be found, then they need to be added at the time the material is added as opposed to some vauge later date. Material without sources cannot be assured of being unbiased.  I will continue to remove unsourced material per policy. 152.91.9.144 01:06, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Leave it alone, please. I had to restore some of the deleted edits, you could had discussed it first on the talk page. I want to find real hard sources and the pregnancy fetish community might contributed to the entries. But, additions must conform to the wikipedia's strict criteria standards. I've left "citation needed" for two or 3 of them, they look authenatic and not entirely personal opinion, refer to point on view on what's considered that way.+ Mike D 26 07:03, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok you're right. The clean up was needed, but the thing on "about the fetish" can't be totally inappropriate or broken wikipedia rules. I don't know any psychiatric magazine or web site can speak for the pregnancy fetishist mind either. What it's about is they are attracted or aroused by a woman, but while in her pregnancy, the belly is the center of interest.

I'm not sure the media is responsible for generating a public consciousness in a sexual nature of a woman's body during pregnancy. I always thought it's up to her and the man she loves, but this is about an abnormal (or "unwanted") attraction by other men come up to her and try to sexually involve her.

There's nothing morally wrong for a man to have a romantic feeling for a woman if she's pregnant (by another man, of course and she may left a bad marriage or not), but the focus on hidden pregnancy fetishism as a result of political correct attitudes to "feel pity" or try to "respect" women who gained weight.

Now I find it an unsourced statement (or there wasn't verification) like the media can warp other people's minds on what's sexy about pregnancy, but nevertheless it's a beautiful thing to happen for any woman...and her lover involved in the procreation process. +Mike D 26 07:12, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Leaving aside the value judgements applied in the above, the policy on verification does not require that material that may "look authenatic." [sic] It's dead easy: Find sources or the material must be removed.  Here is a link to the version of the page that contains all the unsourced material, if someone wants to find sources for the statements contained therein and add the material in with reliable sources then do so.  Barring that, I'm going to continue to remove material that is unsourced or biased. 152.91.9.144 03:06, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I know there was lots of pregnant fetish artwork based on popular animated toons on TV, movies, comics & video games. Fans drawn images of young adult females from Totally spies, teen titans, final fantasy, inuyasha, disney, scooby doo, tiny toons, street fighter, mortal kombat, south park & the simpsons are popular. The web sites have hundreds of images of female characters shown pregnant, story plots contain how they are involved in sexual/romantic affairs with male/female characters, stuff like that. I seen one Totally Spies sketch: alex, sam and clover learned they test positive, then find the 3 girls had a graduation orgy, and start to seek attractive bachelors for sex. I won't get into detail or on topics I shouldn't discuss, but fan fiction and prego fetish fantasies got rolled into one, an interest to wish that got on TV.63.3.14.2 12:20, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

You're into pregnant women? here are facts
Rem off-topic discussion to User talk:63.3.14.129/pregnant Anchoress 11:52, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I apologize for my tirade, and treated an off-topic. I promise not to stray far again in wikipedia. The men in here into pregnancy fetish must understand what's pregnancy is like, then do a double-take in their obsession isn't all good. I got two sons and a daughter.

Thank you on saving and storing the comments, perhaps a good idea to take it to the talk:pregnant area, or on second thought, it may stray to another area to make others discomforted and disgusted to perseverate on fetish topics in there.

I find it ridiculous for pregnant fetishists gawk at belly shapes or the computer-enhanced photos deleted very natural and normal traits associated in a pregnant woman's belly: blue blotches, purple veins and a "linea negra".

The prego nude/model photo effects managers "slim her down", made her belly "hang high", square-shape and further out, despite other women might have bellies "hang low" or not "stick out", show more on the buttocks, and they won't know if she's 5 mos., 7 mos. or rarely, over 40 weeks (9 mos): she should get bed rest and have an induced labor (more painful than regular or natural labor).

Education is the key to beat the rising tide of eroticizing of pregnant women, and I been there myself. - married mom of 3 children.

 * I hate to break it to you, but one cannot alter nor remove instincts by education. Do you realize that being a pregnancy fetishist is no more a choice than being a homosexual or a heterosexual is? Hell, anyone who gawks at computer-enhanced photos him/herself might find their hobby quite silly... but what can you do about it? It's not like there's a switch in the back of your head, controlling your sexual orientation. 81.175.227.220 (talk) 04:58, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * "Education" to fight erotic feelings? How illogical is that? --2A02:2454:9861:8700:46D:BF50:949F:C131 (talk)^ —Preceding undated comment added 17:09, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

WP:NPOV & WP:OR
I have just removed all of the seriously non-neutral and unsourced essay material from this article. It read like someone trying to introduce others to their obsession rather than an encyclopedic discussion of the subject matter. Huge portions were full of WP:WEASEL words and described the online community more than the actual fetish. There is plenty of psych and other examination of this fetish from a more analytical and less anecdotal perspective and the former is what the article needs to be based upon. ju66l3r 05:27, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Roll back?
It seem to me that over the last year, a good deal of information has been removed from the article, while such edits as not in bad faith, it has reduced the quality of the article over all. I'd like to suggest, therefore, that the article is 'rolled back' to sometime before march 2007, and edited from there, in hopes that the article can be better written. However, i'd like ask what you think on this before going ahead with this move.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 02:02, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Concur, with provisos - I don't agree to a full rollback, but adding in various things that were deleted is a good idea. I have no idea why the Britney Spears bit got removed, it seemed quite enlightening to me. We just need to make sure that we don't remove added links and foreign language wikis. mattbuck 10:39, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, could you pick out the added links?--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 03:01, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Seeing as no one has objections, I'll roll back the page. If anyone has any beef with this, I suggest it be discussed on the talk page.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 03:59, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that the article you restored was (a) an initial section of original research written in the form of an essay, not an encyclopedia article, (b) a trivia section of dubious value, and (c) a brief discussion of a controversial artwork.
 * I think a short article with facts is superior to an essay with original research. I also think that if the artwork and its controversy is notable — I don't know if it is, because the section was completely unsourced — it deserves an article of its own. — Malik Shabazz (Talk | contribs) 05:04, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree the version I rolled back to has problems, but that doesn't warrant the out right removal of all uncitated information information, or reverting it because it has a trivia section. Edit the article, and improve it over all, don't just blindly follow policies and guidelines, try to improve the article over all. I'd like to improve this article over all, but that can't be done if the version I feel would be the best to work from keeps being reverted. For now I think we should operated under the WP:IGNORE, for at least a little while until we can get the article back into reasonable shape.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 17:33, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The version you rolled back to is pure original research and as such doesn't belong in WP. Valrith 20:47, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The version I rolled back to is the version I'm attempting to work from, so stop reverting it or nothing will be done. I'm attempting to improve the article under WP:IGNORE, and I'm not saying much of the information will be removed, but the version you reverted back to is a line and a cite.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 03:04, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * If you agree that the article is bad, but the only reason you want it reverted is so you can easily access it to improve it, you should create a User subpage and edit it there until it's ready for general consumption. — Malik Shabazz (Talk | contribs) 03:50, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, but I think that everyone should be allowed to edit the page, which is why I haven't. I may still do so if it's still a problem (reverts) by the weekend.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 04:19, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I have shoved an under construction tag on it. Maybe that'll keep people off. mattbuck 08:41, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * As Malik Shabazz states - if you want to perform extensive reworks you should use a User subpage until your rewrites are reasonably completed. Valrith 20:41, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I see no reason why I should have to. Nor do I see why you feel the need to revert the roll back everytime you visit this page.--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 00:21, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Just a point, but there is no work being done on it... mattbuck 00:24, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, as I said, two sections down, I often don't have the time during the week to make lots of edits. That's not my fault, but I do apologize. I'll try to rewrite some stuff this weekend (and today). Let's just hope Tropical storm Noel doesn't knock out power in my area; the last time a storm this big visited Nova Scotia. we didn't get power back for 5 days!

I tried to out line what I'd like to do with this article down below, feel free to suggest other things or do some of it yourself. --Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 00:30, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

paedophilia again
I have removed "However, it is not usually connected to pædophilia (despite the apparently-common assumption)." because it's completely unsourced. Whether or not Pregnancy fetishism is connected to paedophilia definitely needs a reliable source, as does the fact that it is an "apparently-common assumption". Otherwise it is original research. -- Beloved Freak  19:24, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Let's try this again.
Okay, Here's what I'd like to do. This article is in very bad state, both the former current article [], and the one that, assuming it hasn't been reverted by the time you read this, is currently up. I admit that. However, I'm hoping to use this current article (the one with Moore) to build up an article that is ultimately a good article. However, I am not able to devote hundreds of man hours during the week, although I am free on the weekends, for the most part.

Here is the current problems with the current version (Moore):
 * First, OR, that's bad, very bad, But it shouldn't be removed out right all together; try to find citations first, and, if not, remove the statements then we can work from there. However, I ask that editors try to leave it in as long as possible, it will make editing th article easier.
 * The introduction is really, really long, it needs to be broken into the introduction and a section better explaining it.
 * The BS controversy, it seems rather bad, it should probably be reformatted into a section discussing it in popular culture, which would allow us to merge the trivia into a more useful section
 * Further more, the section in question seems rather messed up, and starts talking about the Venus figurines and religion, all of which can be cut up, moved to it's own sections, and such.

Once we have that done, it should be easy to look over the article and fix it to better suit Wikipedia's standards, but this isn't going to happen all at once. I really don't want to spend the next month or so in an revert war over differing opinions on which version is better. Well, here's the fact, both the Moore article and the One liner are pretty crappy articles, but at least the Moore one has more information that can be worked with.

I know we can work together on this an produce an excellent article. --Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 03:30, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for no editting recently, I've been having computer problems--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 00:48, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

 * User:Johnuniq did an edit that is impolite to me!!! Does anyone explain why the external links are un-encyclopedic??? Especially for the THIRD link... " (talk) 15:13, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, the first two were wikipedia mirrors, so it's pointless to link to those. The third one is probably more suitable as a reference. -mattbuck (Talk) 16:16, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Also, please see WP:ELNO. There are probably hundreds (thousands?) of web sites that could be related to this article. WP is not a place to list links. Sorry if you felt it impolite, but it's not; we all get reverted here. Johnuniq (talk) 02:23, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

The actual word
Okay, this article started all wrong. Maiusiophilia isn't when someone lusts for pregnant women, its when someone loves to give birth. If you google maieusiophilia, you'll see that all definitions trace back to this article. This article basically coined the word because the only other word that comes close to the word before this article is 'Maiusiophobia', the fear of childbirth. Maiusiophilia has no etymological right to be called the lust for pregnant women.

The actual word for the sexual lust for pregnant women is cyesolagnia, whis is listed under numerous online dictionaries and some, more elaborate dictionaries, such as the oxford dictionary.

Gravidophilia is also not necessarily a sexual thing either. It is 'a fondness of pregnancy', which may attribute to to a creature that displays pregnancy as a defining trait or can achieve pregnancy with the greatest of ease, just as extremophiles are creatures that live in extreme conditions and hemophiliacs bleed profusely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.160.71.14 (talk) 15:18, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Maiusiophilia as a sexual desire for pregnant women is verifiable in the first two references of the article. Have a look via google book search at pages "222" and "74" respectively. However, if cyesolagnia means a similar thing, then we should include it, and mention the context of its difference.

 * Also, if the terms "maiusiophilia" and "cyesolagnia" have existed for longer than the neologistic and oxymoronic term "pregnancy fetishism" then the article should be moved to reflect the correct meaning. Redblueball (talk) 16:44, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Maieusiophilia is most accurately defined as a love or tendency towards midwifery and in a much looser sense, sexual attraction to childbirth and pregnant women.

 * Cyesolagnia, on the other hand, is only determined as sexual arousal derived from pregnant women and intercourse with the same

 * I'm saying that Cyesolagnia is far more accurate in terms of predilection towards pregnant women. An obstetrician would be far from wrong to call himself a Maieusiophile, if he or she loved what they did, but a cyesolagniac can not say he or she has no sexual regard towards pregnant women or, at the very least, pregnancy.

 * I think the article should acknowledge the true nature of the word and not base its usage solely on its connotation.

 * [*http://books.google.com/books?q=cyesolagnia&btnG=Search+Books/Cyesolagnia in Google Book Search]
 * [*http://books.google.com/books?q=maieusiophilia&btnG=Search+Books/Maieusiophilia in Google Book Search]
 * [*http://onelook.com/?w=cyesolagnia&ls=a/Cyesolagnia on OneLook, a dictionary search]
 * [*http://onelook.com/?w=Maieusiophilia&ls=a/ Maieusiophilia on OneLook]
 * [*http://onelook.com/?w=Maieusiophobia&ls=a/ Maieusiophobia on OneLook] —Preceding
 * unsigned comment added by 74.160.2.146 (talk) 00:23, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The links point to both cyesolagnia and maieusiophilia being forms of sexual attraction, but the sources are mere scraps of definitions and are without elaboration or reference to the origins and use... so you still may be correct. However, we really need verifiable sources to change the article as you mentioned.

 * I've also discovered the term pregnancy fetishism (or pregnancy fetish) exists, and will add the references to the article. Redblueball (talk) 18:57, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Pop culture references
The appearance of a pregnant (and nude) Demi Moore on the cover of Vanity Fair in 1991 should replace the embryonic example of Britney Spears; the cover was a watershed in terms of celebrity, exhibitionism and commodification. Redblueball (talk) 17:12, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Speaking of Popular culture, the citation for House MD seems to have changed, does anyone know a good site that gives good summaries on shows? (I have watched the episode in question and it does come up, but my word isn't a citation :P)--Honeymane Heghlu meH QaQ jajvam 02:38, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Vanity Fair August 1991.JPG
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 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --04:33, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Wishing for a Psychology section on this
I have found that there was a psychology segment around "erotic humiliation" and not around this topic. I want a psychology section on this topic because I came to this page thinking "why would anyone actually get aroused by this?" so I thought this would be helpful. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:569:7672:BE00:9816:F997:EB3D:8EE6 (talk) 01:36, 27 February 2017 (UTC)

Was Pregnancy fetishism discovered in the early 1990s when "maiseiophilia" was made into an official diagnosis in sexual psychiatry? or was western culture aware of this phenomena as early as 1970 during the sexual revolution at the time? The internet opened the subject in the early 21st century where we're at and some people believe pregnancy fetishism or maiseiophilia is more of a sexual and romantic attraction. 2605:E000:100D:C32F:547D:4D18:3AC1:3909 (talk) 16:11, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

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Etymology
I am surprised that no one seems to bother about the etymology of the term "maiesiophilia", and it's not mentioned in the article at all. I was hoping to get information on that here - can anyone contribute to that? --2A02:2454:9861:8700:46D:BF50:949F:C131 (talk) 17:11, 9 February 2020 (UTC)

On Fetlife and LGBTQIA Wiki, maiesiophilia aren't listed on the very sites that discusses fetishes or attractions. The fetish was thought to be "discovered" 30 years ago, a relatively new phenomena to been studied. And there are some people defending pedophilia but not maiseiophilia when an adult pregnant person can voluntarily and mutually decide to have sexual relations with other consenting adults, oddly enough. 2603:8001:2601:F351:78E1:5540:73C7:D1C9 (talk) 16:43, 30 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pregnancy fetishism


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Grace & Favour

Grace & Favour (known as Are You Being Served? Again! in the United States) is a British television sitcom that was first broadcast on BBC1 from 1992 to 1993. It served as a sequel series to Are You Being Served?, and was written by Are You Being Served? creators and writers Jeremy Lloyd and David Croft. The series starred Mollie Sugden, Frank Thornton, John Inman, Wendy Richard and Nicholas Smith reprising their Are You Being Served? roles, and also starred Fleur Bennett, Joanne Heywood and Billy Burden.

History
The idea of a spin-off was suggested by the cast of Are You Being Served? almost immediately after the original series had ended in 1985. Lloyd and Croft liked the idea, but agreed that the department store format was exhausted and that any spin-off would require a change of location. Despite the enthusiasm of the original cast, it was almost seven years before Lloyd and Croft brought them back to television. Most of the original cast were able to return quite easily, with the exception of Wendy Richard, who had since joined the soap EastEnders; however, she was given a leave of absence from that programme, and temporarily written out so she could reprise her role of Miss Brahms.

The plot line that brought the cast from the store to the manor was considered remarkably topical, since it aired just a few months after the death of British publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell, who was revealed to have borrowed heavily against his own employees' pensions, in a similar vein to what Young Mr Grace does in the series.

Grace & Favour is different from Are You Being Served? in that it involves a continuous story arc, with certain plot elements, such as the relationship between Mr Humphries and Mavis Moulterd, unfolding throughout each episode. This in turn allowed the series to involve more complex storylines and subplots, making it possible to include returning guest stars and location shooting, neither of which was done on Are You Being Served?.

The title of the series is a double play on words. A "grace and favour" is a home or other property owned by a monarch but given to the use of a faithful retainer upon retirement, as with the retired characters in this series. "Grace" is the surname of the owner of Grace Brothers (the fictional department store where the characters had previously worked) who had also been the previous owner of Millstone Manor.

International broadcasts
In the United States, the series was broadcast on PBS member stations as ''Are You Being Served? Again!'' in 1992. In a documentary included with the Are You Being Served? DVD box set, John Inman mentioned that he preferred the American title, and thought the programme may have performed better if that title had been used in the UK as well.

In Australia, the series was broadcast on Network Ten in 1994.

Cast
 Audio samples of Grace & Favour (media help)

The main cast included the five actors and characters who had appeared in every episode of Are You Being Served?: John Inman (Mr Humphries), Mollie Sugden (Mrs Slocombe), Frank Thornton (Captain Peacock), Wendy Richard (Miss Brahms) and Nicholas Smith (Mr Rumbold).

Of the other surviving Are You Being Served? cast members who had either left or joined the cast during the programme’s run, only Trevor Bannister (Mr Lucas) was reportedly asked to join Grace & Favour, but declined.

Several new recurring characters were added to the show. Joanne Heywood as Miss Lovelock, Billy Burden as farmer Morris Moulterd, and Fleur Bennett as his daughter, Mavis, appeared in all twelve episodes. Michael Bilton, as Mr Grace's solicitor, Mr Thorpe, and his assistant, Miss Prescott, played by Shirley Cheriton, also played key roles in both series.

Main

 * Mollie Sugden as Mrs Betty Slocombe
 * John Inman as Mr Wilberforce Clayborne Humphries
 * Wendy Richard as Miss Shirley Brahms
 * Frank Thornton as Captain Stephen Peacock
 * Nicholas Smith as Mr Cuthbert Rumbold
 * Fleur Bennett as Mavis Moulterd
 * Joanne Heywood as Jessica Lovelock
 * Billy Burden as Maurice Moulterd

Recurring

 * Michael Bilton as Mr Thorpe
 * Shirley Cheriton as Miss Prescott
 * Gregory Cox as Mr Frobisher
 * Andrew Barclay as Malcolm Heathcliff
 * Diane Holland as Celia Littlewood
 * Andy Joseph as Joseph Lee
 * Eric Dodson as Sir Robert
 * Maggie Holland as Mrs Cleghampton

Plot line
The new series has the elderly and womanising Young Mr Grace, head of Grace Brothers department store, recently deceased while scuba-diving on holiday in the Caribbean with his personal secretary, Miss Jessica Lovelock. As per the instructions in his will, the remaining workers in each department at Grace Brothers' closing sale find their pensions invested in different things. The members of the Men's and Ladies' Departments, along with Miss Lovelock, inherit the estate that is the locale of the show.

Young Mr Grace had invested their pension funds in a multitude of antiquated businesses, the largest of which is a country manor house called Millstone Manor. The will stipulates that they cannot sell the house and split the profits, but can use the property in the manner of their choosing. After a trip to Millstone Manor to view the property, where they also learn their pensions are minuscule, they decide to live in the manor in order to run it as an inn and live off the proceeds. Miss Lovelock, given accommodation in the grooms' quarters and charge of the horses, also lives at the manor much to the distress of Mrs Slocombe and Miss Brahms. Captain Peacock is not so bothered, however.

The series begins just after the funeral of Mr Grace, and quickly brings the cast to Millstone Manor. There they find Mr Rumbold having trouble trying to find new staff after telling the previous staff "in no uncertain terms" that if they did not straighten up they could leave – and they left. With time running out, the old Grace Brothers employees are obliged to "stand in" for the staff in order to have their picture taken as the inn staff for a travel brochure. Soon they find that they are running the inn themselves with the help of Mr Moulterd, who manages the manor's farm, and his daughter Mavis, who helps out at the manor.

With Mr Humphries forced by circumstance to share a bed with Mavis, he finds that she develops a bit of a crush on him. This series of events leads all of the cast to assume they are having an affair, which flatters Mr Humphries, though he denies any such goings-on. Despite these events, Mr Humphries continues to be rather ambivalent to the idea of a relationship with anyone. A young man from the village vies with Humphries for Mavis' affection, and frequently attempts to intimidate him by threatening him with violence.

On her first day in the country, Mrs Slocombe tries to move a gypsy's wagon that blocked the road and ends up charged with wagon theft, narrowly avoiding a charge of indecent exposure since there was "just a flash" as the out-of-control wagon raced past the post office. At her trial, all of her colleagues are called as witnesses, but it is Mr Moulterd who ends up winning the case for her. Mrs Slocombe is grateful, despite her irritation that he brings up their sexual relationship during the War, which she insists never happened. Also notable is the unexpected appearance of the oft alluded to, but never-before-seen Mr Slocombe, from whom Mrs Slocombe seeks to hide her identity.

Other events include the staff putting on a traditional harvest festival dance for octogenarian American visitors and putting on a showcase of British arts and culture for a tour group from Mongolia.

Episode 1 of Series 2 contains a number of satirical references to the wrongful conviction and hanging of Derek Bentley for the murder of a policeman. The case revolved around the issue of whether Bentley's words "Let him have it, Chris" to his associate Christopher Craig were meant literally ("Let him have the gun") or figuratively ("Open fire!"). The case had been widely publicised and was the subject of a film titled Let Him Have It starring Christopher Eccleston, that was released three months before the first episode was broadcast.

Home media
Both series of Grace & Favour have been released on DVD in the US, UK and Australia.

Location filming
All external filming for the series was undertaken in and around Tetbury in Gloucestershire. Primary filming was at Chavenage House, which was used for Millstone Manor, just outside Tetbury.

title: Grace & Favour


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Talk:Wardsboro, Vermont

Untitled
Wow! Thank you Rambot! This is my little town! True Vox

title: Talk:Wardsboro, Vermont


text: User talk:64.114.203.161

title: User talk:64.114.203.161


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Ontario New Democratic Youth

The Ontario New Democratic Youth (ONDY) is the youth wing of the Ontario New Democratic Party which is in turn affiliated with the federal New Democratic Party. Any party member, aged 25 or under is automatically a member of ONDY and is eligible to attend and vote in the youth wing's yearly convention, known as ONDYCON.

Structure
ONDY members are grouped into clubs designated to represent one of 4 things: a riding, a school campus, a labour group, or a region. These clubs organize various events and act as the local chapters of ONDY. At the provincial level, ONDY is run by its executive, which are elected to one year terms by the Ontario New Democratic Youth's entire membership at its yearly convention. The executive must adhere to the rules of gender parity and is headed by two Co-Chairs.

Influence
The two co-chairs of ONDY are given a place on the Ontario New Democratic Party executive. In addition, ten members of the Ontario New Democratic Youth are chosen at the annual convention to attend provincial council on behalf of ONDY. Local youth clubs are also able to send two members to meetings of the Ontario New Democratic Party's provincial council.

title: Ontario New Democratic Youth


text:
Talk:Time loop

Adding examples
Please only add examples that have a source discussing their significance in relation to the topic of the article. ForgotMyAccountName (talk) 12:26, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Strange Life of Ivan Osokin is an example of the trope that is 50 years older than any other example mentioned on this page, so I reverted the edit that removed it. -- Walt Pohl (talk) 10:35, 07 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Time loop


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Manhunt International

Manhunt International is a major international male model search for the next "Male Supermodel", founded in 1993, though the roots of the competition go back a few years more to when one single national preliminary was held in Singapore. The competition was conceived by Metromedia Singapore and Procon Leisure International which become co-partners in 1993.

The current Manhunt International winner is Kevin Dasom from Thailand. He was crowned by the former titleholder, Lochlan "Lochie" Carey of Australia, on 26 May 2024, at Ayutthaya, Thailand.

History
Manhunt International wears the crown as the world's first and most prestigious of all pageants and competitions for men. Its roots began in 1988 when Alex Liu, pageant director of Metromedia Singapore, decided to stage the first male model contest in Singapore announcing a “Manhunt.” Manhunt International Organization was officially formed in 1993 by Liu, with a dream to offer the men of the world a platform to showcase their talents and skills.

The first ever Manhunt International World Final was held in Australia in 1993 with 25 contestants. The pageant remained on Australia's Gold Coast when Nikos Papadakis of Greece won in 1994. The current president, Rosko Dickinson & Liu began the co-ownerships and partners of Manhunt International from 1994, until Liu's death in January 2018.

Manhunt International is organized in a macho way with outdoor activities, thrilling events, public presentations, talent competitions, fun routines, and even a chance to meet and impress ladies. Contestants are judged on their runway skills, photogenic ability, personality, and physical attributes. The pageant is organized to promote new faces in the male modeling and fashion industry. The men that enter Manhunt International are also encouraged to become role models and good corporate citizens for younger people to look up to.

Today, Manhunt International is easily the World's most recognized and longest-running international male model contest. It is the worldwide search for the best male models with the highest number of contestants in 2006 and 2012 in China and Thailand respectively.

Several countries have hosted the world finals including Australia (1993, 1994, 1998, 2018), Singapore (1995, 1997, 2000), Philippines (1999, 2020, 2022), China (2001, 2002, 2006, 2016), Korea (2005, 2007, 2008, 2011), Taiwan (2010) and Thailand (2012, 2017, 2024).

Competition
The Manhunt competition is staged in two rounds, preliminary and final. During the preliminaries, the contestants are judged in Haute Couture Fashion, Swimwear, Formal Evening wear. The contestants with highest scores are named as finalists, from which the judges determine the winner and the runners up.

During the finals, several other awards are also given besides the ultimate title of Manhunt International: Best Runway Model, Mister Photogenic, Mister Friendship, Mister Personality, Mister Physique and Mister Popularity (voted by the public via social media). Since the 2005 edition, Manhunt International has also given five continental awards to the best representatives of each continent. In the 2007 edition, it was announced that the winner of Mister Popularity would automatically advance to final round and in 2022 a new category was introduced called Digital Challenge (Video) with three segments being Runway Challenge, Swimwear/Physique and Casting Challenge. Once again the overall winner of the category went straight in to the Top 16.

30th year Anniversary
On this special occasion, the final ten were awarded as runners-up.

Titleholders
Since 2024, Manhunt International pageant has awarded a Top 10 finalists as 5th-9th Runner-Up.
 * 5th-9th Runner-Up

This table lists the name of 5th-9th Runner-Up titles by year.

title: Manhunt International


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His Majesty's Naval Service

His Majesty's Naval Service (or, when the reigning monarch is female, Her Majesty's Naval Service) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare and maritime service. It consists of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Royal Naval Reserve, Royal Marines Reserve and Naval Careers Service. The Naval Service as a whole falls under the command of the Navy Board, which is headed by the First Sea Lord. This position is currently held by Admiral Sir Ben Key (appointed November 2021). The Defence Council delegates administration of the Naval Service to the Admiralty Board, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence.

The Naval Service is dominated by the Royal Navy, and operates primarily from three bases in the United Kingdom where commissioned ships are based; Portsmouth, Clyde and Devonport, the last being the largest operational naval base in Western Europe. As of May 2024, there were nearly 100 vessels in service with the various branches of the Naval Service, plus about 100 additional vessels operated by the supporting Serco Marine Services. These vessels included: 66 commissioned ships of the Royal Navy, 17 principal landing craft of the Royal Marines, 13 auxiliary ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and about 100 supporting Marine Services vessels. Additional vessels are under charter to the Ministry of Defence. As of 2022, HM Naval Service (Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and Naval Careers Service) employed about 39,500 regular and reserve personnel.

In 2020, the First Sea Lord announced that the 'Naval Service' will informally be known as the 'Royal Navy'. The Royal Navy was made a colloquial name for the Naval Service as part of a transformation programme with the approval of the Navy Executive Committee to reflect the strength of the Royal Navy brand and assist with unifying the force.

The total displacement of the Royal Navy and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary is, as of May 2024, in excess of 752,400 tonnes, while the combined displacement of Royal Marine landing craft is approximately an additional 2,200 tonnes.

Components as of 2017
The 2017 Queen's Regulations for the Royal Navy stipulate that the Naval Service consists of:
 * The Royal Navy (Royal Naval Reserve) - including Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service
 * The Royal Marines (Royal Marines Reserve)
 * Naval Careers Service

The Royal Fleet Auxiliary operate a fleet of auxiliaries in support of the Royal Navy. Royal Fleet Auxiliary personnel are part of the Ministry of Defence civil service. Among the many contractors which support the Ministry of Defence and Royal Navy is Serco Marine Services, provided under a private finance initiative.

Former composition
The following services were formerly also components of the Naval Service:
 * The Women's Royal Naval Service (merged into the Royal Navy in 1993)
 * The Royal Naval Minewatching Service (reformed into the Royal Naval Auxiliary Service in 1962 and disbanded in 1994)
 * The Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service (incorporated within the Royal Navy in 2000)

Naval Reserve Forces:
 * The Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (merged with the Royal Naval Reserve in 1958)
 * The Royal Naval Volunteer (Supplementary) Reserve
 * The Royal Naval Volunteer (Wireless) Reserve
 * The Royal Naval Volunteer (Postal) Reserve)
 * The Royal Naval Emergency Reserve (disbanded c. 1959)
 * The Royal Naval Special Reserve (disbanded c. 1960)
 * The Women's Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (renamed the Women's Royal Naval Reserve in 1958, merged into the Royal Naval Reserve in 1993)
 * The Women's Royal Naval Supplementary Reserve
 * The Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service Reserve (incorporated within the Royal Naval Reserve in 2000)

Formerly the Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service, the Fleet Reserve, and the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors were also considered part of the Naval Service.

Royal Navy
Referred to as the "Senior Service" by virtue of it being the oldest service within the British Armed Forces, the Royal Navy is a technologically sophisticated naval force and forms the core structure of the Naval Service. Command of deployable assets is exercised by the Fleet Commander. The United Kingdom's nuclear deterrent is carried aboard the navy's Vanguard-class submarine of four nuclear ballistic-missile submarines. The surface fleet consists of aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, amphibious assault ships, patrol ships, mine-countermeasures, and miscellaneous vessels. The submarine service has existed within the Royal Navy for more than 100 years. The service possessed a combined fleet of diesel-electric and nuclear-powered submarines until the early 1990s. Following the Options for Change defence review, the Upholder-class diesel-electric submarines were withdrawn and the attack submarine flotilla is now exclusively nuclear-powered.

Royal Marines
The infantry component of the Naval Service is the Corps of Royal Marines. Consisting of a single manoeuvre brigade (3 Commando Brigade) and various independent units, the Royal Marines specialise in amphibious, arctic, and mountain warfare. Contained within 3 Commando Brigade are three attached army units; 1st Battalion, The Rifles, an infantry battalion based at Beachley Barracks near Chepstow (from April 2008), 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery, an artillery regiment based in Plymouth, and 24 Commando Regiment Royal Engineers. The Commando Logistic Regiment consists of personnel from the Army, Royal Marines, and Royal Navy.

Royal Fleet Auxiliary
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary is a civilian-manned fleet owned by the British Ministry of Defence. The RFA enables ships of the Royal Navy to maintain operations around the world. Its primary role is to supply the Royal Navy with fuel, ammunition and supplies, normally by replenishment at sea (RAS). It also transports Army and Royal Marine personnel, as well as supporting training exercises. RFA personnel are members of the Ministry of Defence civil service who wear Merchant Navy rank insignia with naval uniforms and are under naval discipline when the vessel is engaged on warlike operations. RFA vessels are commanded and crewed by these civilians, augmented with regular and reserve Royal Navy personnel to perform specialised military functions such as operating and maintaining helicopters or providing hospital facilities. The RFA is funded out of the UK defence budget and the Commodore commanding the RFA is directly responsible to the Royal Navy Fleet Commander.

The Royal Fleet Auxiliary also augments the Royal Navy's amphibious warfare capabilities through its three Bay-class landing ship dock vessels. The service is manned by around 1,750 civilian personnel (as of late 2022).

Naval Careers Service
The Naval Careers Service is the recruiting arm of the Naval Service. It is manned by former Royal Navy and Royal Marine personnel who are typically based at Armed Forces Careers Offices. It is the smallest component of the Naval Service, comprising fewer than 200 personnel.

Marine Services, U.K.
Marine Services enables Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary Ships, including the United Kingdom's Strategic Nuclear Deterrent, to either move in or out of port for operational deployment and training exercises around the world. The service operates a large assortment of vessels including tugs and pilot boats as well as transporting stores, liquid and munitions and providing passenger transfer services to and from ships for officers and crew. Serco Denholm took over Marine Services to the Naval Service from the now disbanded Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service in 2008. In late 2009 Serco bought out Denholm's share, with the service now being known as Serco Marine Services.

Marine Services, Gibraltar
Marine services at the Port of Gibraltar, including naval vessels using the port, are provided by Resolve Marine, Gibraltar. Resolve Marine is equipped with one ASD ocean-going and harbour tug (Resolve Hercules), four harbour tugs (Rooke, Wellington, Egerton and Eliott), two barges (Isaac 1874 and RMG 280) as well as the anchor-handling tug Resolve Blizzard, which can provide regional firefighting, oil pollution and emergency response services.

Marine Services, Falkland Islands
As of 2021, marine services at the British military and naval port in the Falkland Islands, Mare Harbour, were provided by the contracted Netherlands Marine Services company Van Wijngaarden. The company operated two tugs (Giesenstroom and Dintelstroom) as well as a multi-purpose barge (MP2003) at the port.

Lists of vessels
See the articles below for lists of vessels operated by or in support of His Majesty's Naval Service:
 * List of active Royal Navy ships - 66 (plus two non-commissioned training vessels, one experimental ship and several dozen smaller boats)
 * List of active Royal Marines military watercraft - 17 principal landing craft (plus three patrol boats and some 85 smaller Commando and inshore raiding craft; Special Boat Service operates additional specialist craft, including up to three combat submersibles)
 * List of active Royal Fleet Auxiliary ships - 13 (plus five ships under charter to the MoD)
 * List of ships of Serco Marine Services - up to 100 (plus additional vessels operated by other companies in certain overseas territories)

title: His Majesty's Naval Service