text:
Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)

Michael Rasmussen (born 1 June 1974) is a retired Danish professional cyclist who competed in road racing and mountain biking. His most notable victories include four stages of the Tour de France (shared Danish record), one stage of the Vuelta a España and a win on the Italian classic Giro dell'Emilia in 2002. He also won the best climber classification in the 2005 and 2006 Tour de France.

Specializing in climbing, Rasmussen showed a propensity for attempting spectacular wins in mountain stages in which he broke away from the peloton early and rode alone for most of the stage. Michael Rasmussen was known for his care for detail when considering weight. With a low weight (60 kg) he was usually one of the lightest riders in his class.

In the 2007 Tour de France, Rasmussen while wearing the yellow jersey and well on his way to winning the Tour, had his contract terminated by his team and was removed from the Tour. He served a two-year ban from July 2007 to July 2009 for lying about his whereabouts. At a press conference on 31 January 2013, Rasmussen admitted that he had used performance-enhancing drugs and methods, including EPO, growth hormones, insulin, testosterone, DHEA, IGF-1, Oxyglobin, cortisone and blood doping, for most of his professional career.

Biography
Rasmussen began his career as a mountain biker, and he won the Mountain Bike World Championships in 1999 before becoming a stagiaire with the professional cycling team in 2001. There he secured a one-year contract for 2002, and following a string of good results in August and September, including his first professional win, he switched from CSC-Tiscali to in 2003. After being sacked by Rabobank in the 2007 Tour de France, Rasmussen got a contract offer from. The team's manager then decided that the move would be too expensive and thus Rasmussen was without contract.

2004
His first Tour de France was in 2004, in which he failed to get any stage wins but was third in the mountains classification, which was won by Richard Virenque. Rasmussen then agreed with his team that he could train alone and focus on the Tour de France for 2005.

2005
At the 2005 Tour de France his training paid off when he took the polka dot jersey as leader of the mountains classification on stage eight. The next day he won stage nine after riding alone for three-quarters of the course; he had broken away after 3 km and stayed clear to the finish 168 km later. He led over the first category 1 climb, the Ballon d'Alsace. In the penultimate stage (Stage 20), an individual time trial, he lost his third place after a fall at 4 km, then two bike changes, two wheel changes and a crash into a ditch. After his first fall, he lost confidence and his ability to descend at speed, according to Rabobank's sports director Erik Breukink. Rasmussen finished 77th that day and dropped from 3rd to 7th on the GC. However he needed only to finish the final stage the next day to assure his status as King of the Mountains.

Rasmussen rode much of the next day alone, saying he needed to clear his mind after the day before. After becoming king of the mountains, Rasmussen wore not only the polka dot jersey, but polka dot helmet, shorts, gloves, and socks. For the final stage, he rode a polka dot bike made by Ernesto Colnago, founder of the Colnago company.

2006
In the 2006 Tour de France, he finished well overall but he was not team leader; that honour went to the Russian, Denis Menchov. Rasmussen won the mountains classification for the second year and claimed stage 16 in the process. On Stage 16 he broke away after 4 km and took the Souvenir Henri Desgrange on the Col du Galibier (2645 m), winning 5000 euros. He led over all the climbs and won stage 16 by more than a minute on Carlos Sastre of. In Paris he wore the polka dot jersey as leader of the mountains classification while holding his newly born child, who was in a polka-dot shirt and cap.

2007
In the 2007 Tour de France he won the 8th stage from Le Grand-Bornand to Tignes, taking the lead in the general classification and the mountains classification. On 25 July, he held a 3:10 lead on Alberto Contador, who was in second place for the yellow jersey. With four stages remaining, this made him favourite for the yellow jersey in Paris. That evening however, he was withdrawn from the race and fired by his team Rabobank for "violating internal rules". Davide Cassani, an Italian retired professional rider, reported that he had seen Rasmussen in Italy in June 2007, a time when Rasmussen claimed to have been training in Mexico. The accusations were denied.

Unavailability for doping controls
Rasmussen was the center of controversy while wearing the yellow jersey in the 2007 Tour de France, when it was announced that he had been suspended from the Danish national cycling team at UCI World Championships and Olympic Games following missed doping controls. Rasmussen failed to report his whereabouts for a three-week training session in Mexico and was unavailable for testing during that period; for that he received a recorded warning from the UCI. Counting these missed tests together, the Danish cycling union decided to ban Rasmussen. Rasmussen said: "I do admit that I've committed an administrative error. I was informed of this at the Danish championship two and a half weeks ago, so it's no news... It might be a surprise that it comes out right now." The timing of the announcement led to speculation by Patrice Clerc, then chief of the Amaury Sport Organisation, which organises the Tour de France, that the UCI had leaked the news in the middle of the Tour to damage it, as part of a dispute between the two organisations over the running of the UCI ProTour. This was rejected by the UCI president Pat McQuaid, who said the timing was the choice of the Danish cycling union.

Alleged doping in 2002
According to a multiple sourced VeloNews article published on 20 July 2007, mountain bike racer Whitney Richards accused Rasmussen of trying to get him to transport a box, which Rasmussen had told Richards contained his favourite cycling shoes, to his training base in Italy in early 2002. Richards alleged that the box contained packets of Hemopure, a bovine-hemoglobin-based blood substitute which is not currently approved for human use outside South Africa and did not become commercially available there until January 2006, and which might potentially have been used in a doping program. At the time there was no screening test for Hemopure; it is, however, banned by the WADA. Richards said he destroyed the Hemopure, at which Rasmussen is said to have grown angry and said to Richards "Have you any idea how much that shit cost?"

A second journalist confirmed that Richards had related the same story to him over two years ago, off the record, and claims that the incident is the one described in the epilogue of journalist David Walsh's recent book From Lance to Landis. Rasmussen had declined to comment on the story, saying only, "I cannot confirm any of that."

Removal from the 2007 Tour
On 25 July 2007, Rasmussen won stage 16 of the 2007 Tour de France. He had led the general classification (overall lead) since winning Stage 8, and with a lead of over three minutes over second-place Alberto Contador, he was all but assured of winning. However, hours after his win, Rabobank abruptly fired him and removed him from the race. Previously, an Italian cycling commentator for RAI and former professional road bicycle racer, Davide Cassani, telling a story about Rasmussen's intense preparations for the Tour, stated he had seen Rasmussen in the Italian Dolomites on 13 June 2007, cycling in the rain. According to the schedule Rasmussen submitted to the UCI, he should have been in Mexico at that time. When confronted with this accusation, according to initial press reports, Rasmussen admitted the facts to his team leader, which resulted in Rasmussen's removal from the team and the Tour. Rasmussen himself later first denied that he had admitted any such thing, stating that Rabobank manager Theo de Rooij "was a desperate man on the verge of a nervous breakdown," but later admitted lying about his whereabouts. Two days later on 27 July it was reported, that Theo de Rooij had resigned, effective once the tour was over. Rasmussen's in-laws later confirmed to the Danish newspaper BT that he had visited them in Mexico, but that they did not know where exactly he had been on 13 and 14 June 2007. Rabobank backed the decision to withdraw Rasmussen but reconfirmed its commitment as a sponsor in cycling, at least at the local level.

On 17 December 2007, the Dutch law firm BrantjesVeerman confirmed Rasmussen had hired it to fight his dismissal from Rabobank.

On 1 July 2008 the Monaco Cycling Federation, which holds Rasmussen's racing license, announced that he was banned from the sport for two years from his exclusion from the Tour de France; the ban ended on 25 July 2009. Rasmussen appealed the ban to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the ban on 22 January 2009.

2009 return
Rasmussen's suspension expired on 25 July 2009, and he took part in the Designa Grand Prix in Kjellerup, Denmark two days later, finishing in second place. Later that season, he won the opening stage, a time trial, and was race leader for three days, in the Mexico's Vuelta a Chihuahua, as a member of Team Tecos Trek. The following season, he signed for the Italian Continental ranked team, Miche Silver Cross.

On 30 July 2010 Michael Rasmussen got a personal sponsor in Christina Design London. On 9 December 2010, Rasmussen and Christina Design owner Christina Hembo presented their new team. Hembo received a UCI Continental licence and announced the goal to become a UCI Pro Tour team by 2016.

Doping admission
On 31 January 2013, he admitted to the use of performance-enhancing drugs from 1998 to 2010 during a press conference. He stated that he used EPO, growth hormone, testosterone, DHEA, insulin, IGF-1, cortisone and did blood transfusions. He also stated that his cycling career was over and that he wanted to cooperate fully with the Danish anti-doping institutions. The Danish Authorities stated that they would be looking to enforce a two-year ban, reduced from the normal eight-year ban in exchange for revealing what he knew about other illegal doping activities.

In September 2013 it was confirmed by Danmarks Idræts-Forbund (DIF) that he would receive a 2-year ban from 8 February 2013 to 7 February 2015 and would be stripped of results from January 2005 to March 2010. This decision has yet to be ratified by Danish Anti Doping (ADD) or the UCI.

Mountain bike

 * 1999
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Cross-country, UCI World Championships

Road

 * 2001
 * 2nd Overall Jadranska Magistrala
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Croatie
 * 9th Gran Premio di Lugano

 * 2002
 * 3rd Giro dell'Emilia
 * 4th Overall Vuelta a Burgos
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 4th Giro del Friuli
 * 5th Giro del Veneto
 * 7th Coppa Ugo Agostoni
 * 7th Klasika Primavera
 * 9th Japan Cup

 * 2003
 * 1st Jersey red lines volta.svg Mountains classification, Volta a Catalunya
 * 4th Road race, National Championships
 * 7th Overall Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 7
 * 7th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 * 7th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 * 9th Clásica de San Sebastián

 * 2004
 * 7th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 1st Jersey white dots on red.svg Mountains classification
 * 1st Stage 6
 * Jersey red number.svg Combativity award Stages 13 & 15 Tour de France

 * 2005
 * 1st RaboRonde Heerlen
 * 7th Overall Tour de France
 * 1st Jersey polkadot.svg Mountains classification
 * 1st Stage 9
 * Jersey red number.svg Combativity award Stage 9

 * 2006
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Jersey polkadot.svg Mountains classification
 * 1st Stage 16
 * Jersey red number.svg Combativity award Stage 16

 * 2007
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Stages 8 & 16
 * Held Jersey yellow.svg after Stages 8–16
 * Jersey red number.svg Combativity award Stage 8

 * 2009
 * 6th Overall Vuelta Chihuahua Internacional
 * 1st Prologue

 * 2010
 * 8th Overall Tour de San Luis

 * 2011
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Serbie
 * 1st Stage 3
 * 4th Overall Tour of Norway
 * 4th Overall Brixia Tour
 * 8th Overall GP Herning
 * 8th Overall Himmerland Rundt

 * 2012
 * 1st Ringerike GP
 * 3rd Overall Tour of China I
 * 1st Stage 1 (TTT)
 * 8th Overall Tour de Serbie

title: Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)


text:
Wayne Cashman

Wayne Cashman (born June 24, 1945) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. He played seventeen seasons for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and helped them win the Stanley Cup twice, and was the last active player who started his NHL career in the Original Six era.

Playing career
Cashman played junior hockey in the OHA with the Oshawa Generals; one of his teammates was Bobby Orr. He played parts of three seasons in the minor leagues for the Oklahoma City Blazers and the Hershey Bears before making the Bruins' squad for good in 1969.

Cashman played his entire NHL career with the Boston Bruins (1964–65, 1967–83). His jersey number was 12. He was a hard-grinding left winger on the era's most formidable forward line with centre Phil Esposito and right wing Ken Hodge. His role was to get into the corners and battle for loose pucks, and feed them to Esposito or Hodge. He was also a tenacious forechecker and served as an enforcer to protect Esposito and Orr. Esposito has regarded Cashman as underrated and not receiving sufficient credit, saying "Wayne was the digger. He was the heart and soul of our line. Without a doubt."

Cashman scored his first NHL goal on November 6, 1968 in Boston's 7-1 home victory over the Philadelphia Flyers.

Cashman was a member of Stanley Cup-winning teams, in 1970 and 1972, and scored twice in the deciding game of the latter finals against the New York Rangers, won by Boston, 3-0. He scored at least 20 goals in a season eight times in his career, doing so in four straight seasons when he also incurred 100 or more penalty minutes. His best season was in 1974, when he finished fourth in the league in points, played in the All-Star Game, and was named to the NHL Second All-Star team.

In 1972 he played for Team Canada in the first four games of the Summit Series. Before the final four games, at an exhibition game in Sweden, Ulf Sterner's stick got lodged in Cashman's mouth, cutting his tongue open. The injury required 50 stitches and kept him out of the rest of the Summit Series.

He served as the captain of the Bruins from 1977 to 1983. When he retired after the Bruins were eliminated from the playoffs in 1983, he was the last active player from the NHL's Original Six era, just beating out Serge Savard, whose team was eliminated in an earlier playoff round.

After his retirement as a player, Cashman served in several coaching positions, including five seasons as an assistant coach for the New York Rangers and four for the Tampa Bay Lightning as an assistant coach. He was appointed head coach of the Philadelphia Flyers for the 1997-98 season and held that post for 61 games until he was replaced by Roger Neilson; he served thereafter as the team's assistant coach. He was also on the coaching staff of Team Canada in the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, Japan, as an assistant to Marc Crawford. He was an assistant coach with the Bruins from 2001 until 2006.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wayne Cashman


text:
Mighty Force Records

Mighty Force Records was a record shop and techno label based in Exeter, Devon, South West England. It was founded by ex-punk, free festival activist (having briefly worked with the Stonehenge Free Festival Campaign in 1983) and warehouse party organiser Mark Darby and his partner, journalist Jess Shortis, after they had visited visiting various club-based events in Plymouth and realised there was no focal point for the burgeoning rave scene in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.

The store soon became a regular stop-off point for many internationally known DJs including, Sasha, Andrew Weatherall, Lee Burridge, Jon DaSilva and Felix Buxton later of Basement Jaxx and was the catalyst for the fledgling West Country techno movement.

The record label is best known for releasing Analogue Bubblebath by the Aphex Twin, and works of Tom Middleton later of Global Communication, Jedi Knights, Cosmos and AMBA. Later releases included Middleton's own "My Splendid Idea" and the hard to find Fog City EP by Darby and Matthew Herbert.

Middleton, his Global Communication and Jedi Knights partner Mark Pritchard and Herbert met through the patronage of the Mighty Force store. All three also DJ'ed regularly at the weekly promotional club night run by the label along with the likes of Weatherall, Judge Jules and ex-Haçienda resident Graeme Park. Another regular DJ at these events was Dominic Jacobson then studying at Exeter University, later a member of Phil Asher's Restless Soul crew and who now produces deep jazz inflected house under the name Modaji and Harvey Lindo. Middleton and Jacobson were often to be seen working behind the shop counter.

Although the store ceased to trade in 1995, the label relocated to London and continued to release music by deep house artists such as Peach Palf and the Classic / Music For Freaks recording artists, Luke Solomon and Justin Harris under the alias Robotic Movement until 1998. Label design was by Ben Drury, known for his innovative work with James Lavelle's Mo' Wax label and collaborations with former graffiti artist and The Clash's sometime sleeve designer, Futura 2000.

Other releases included a series of white label breakbeat EPs under the name of Old Skool Flava, nominally produced by Darby and "H" Warren, label manager of Global Communication's now defunct Universal Language Productions imprint.

Darby's connections with the early 1980s festival scene and involvement in organising free acid house parties led to an informal partnership between a DJ and sound system collective based around the shop and Nottingham's DiY Sound System, with whom they collaborated to stage free parties throughout the South West during the early to mid 1990s.

title: Mighty Force Records


text: User:Sophiebristow

title: User:Sophiebristow


text:
Talk:Green Bay and Western Railroad/to do

Class I or Class II Catergory?
According to the crieria listed at Template talk:North America class 1: The GB&W was a Class I railroad from 1918-1975; a class II railroad from 1976-1985; and a class III railroad after that.
 * 1) If it currently exists, put it on the correct template under current.
 * 2) Otherwise, put it under former in the highest class it has reached.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Two Princes

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate wasRedirected to Pocket Full of Kryptonite. GarrettTalk 01:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Two Princes
Take out the lyrics (which we must) and you've got basically nothing. A chart with a few statistics about how the single did on a few charts (the charts are bullshit anyway). Maybe something can be merged into the band or the album, but as I said, nothing really here. -R. fiend 21:04, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge and redirect to Pocket Full of Kryptonite. The lyrics definately have to go, but even if the charts are "bullshit", they could be important. This needs to be merged and condensed with either the album or the artist, as sugguested by the nominator. -mysekurity 21:41, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Pocket Full of Kryptonite. All the chart data for the single is already listed there, and the lyrics are a copyvio, so there isn't really anything left to merge. --Metropolitan90 23:12, July 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * God, I hated this song. Redirect to Pocket Full of Kryptonite.  Dcarrano 23:35, July 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear here, we do need to delete before redirecting to get the copyvio out of the page history, do we not? -R. fiend 23:44, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I thank that's advisable, so I have done so. GarrettTalk 01:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Well-known song. Capitalistroadster 03:44, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Pocket Full of Kryptonite. JamesBurns 08:47, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge or Redirect - No argument from me for either. I enhanced the article when I saw it was just lyrics, but it seemed pretty tenuous to me all along. Hiberniantears 13:41, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge & redir. Radiant_ >|< 15:02, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable song.  Grue   20:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Anarkali

Anarkali (lit. 'pomegranate blossom') is a legendary lady said to be loved by the 16th-century Mughal Prince Salim, who later became Emperor Jahangir. According to some accounts, Anarkali was the nickname of the tawaif Sharf-un-Nisa, though scholars hold varying opinions.

According to speculative and fictional accounts, Anarkali had an illicit relationship with Salim, the son of Mughal Emperor Akbar, who had her executed by immurement. The character often appears in movies, books and historical fiction, most notably depicted in the 1960 Bollywood film Mughal-e-Azam in which she is portrayed by Madhubala.

Historicity and development

Anarkali was first mentioned in the journal of the English tourist and trader William Finch, who visited the Mughal Empire on 24 August 1608.

Western traveller accounts
The earliest Western accounts about the relationship between Salim and Anarkali were written by British travellers William Finch and Edward Terry. Finch reached Lahore in February 1611, 11 years after the supposed death of Anarkali, to sell indigo he had purchased at Bayana on behalf of the East India Company. His account, which was written in early 17th-century English, gives the following information.

"... is a faire monument for Don Sha his mother, one of the Akbar his wives, with whom it is said Sha Selim had to do ( her name was Immaeque Kelle, or Pomgranate kernell); upon notice of which the King [Akbar] caused her to be inclosed quicke within a wall in his moholl, where she died, and the King [Jahangir], in token of his love commands a sumptuous tomb to be built of stone in the midst of four square garden richly walled, with a gate and divers roomes over it. The convexity of the tomb he hath willed to be wrought in workes of gold with a large faire jounter with roomes over—head... (sic) ~ William Finch."

Anarkali had a relationship with Prince Salim. Upon notice of the relationship, Akbar ordered her to be enclosed within a wall of his palace, where she died. Subsequently, Jahangir, as a token of his love, ordered a stone tomb to be built in the centre of a walled, four-square garden surrounded by a gate. As per the description given by Finch, Jahangir ordered the dome of the tomb to be wrought in works of gold.

Edward Terry, who visited a few years after William Finch, wrote that Akbar had threatened to disinherit Jahangir for his relationship with Anarkali, the emperor's most-beloved wife, but on his death-bed he repealed the threat.

The legends
According to Lisa Balabanlilar, the majority of legends present Anarkali as a part of Akbar's harem as a spouse, a concubine or a servant. Thus, as per Muni Lal, Anarkali was a maidservant in the household of Salim's mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani. A common thread across the various accounts is that after realizing the likelihood of an amour between his son Salim and Anarkali, Akbar got incensed and ordered to ensepulchre Anarkali alive in a wall. This brutality enraged Salim and caused him to rebel against his father. Balabanlilar continues, however, that while captivating and widely believed, the legend cannot be verified and most likely does not reference a historical event.

Inscription
The gravestone in the tomb for Anarkali bears the inscription: Could I behold the face of my beloved once more, I would thank God until the day of resurrection. ~ Majnun Salim Akbar

According to Andrew Topsfield, in his book Paintings from Mughal India, (p. 171 n. 18) Robert Skelton has identified these verses as being from the 13th-century poet Saʿdī.

Jahangir as Majnun
According to Ebba Koch, Jahangir perceived himself as a Majnun prince king, who is almost mad in his love for his beloved. Ebba Koch says that he had his name inscribed as Majnun on the Anarkali's sarcophagus and had pictorials of himself painted as Majnun king; as late as 1618, he reared a pair of Sarus cranes, which are considered in Indian culture to be love birds named Layla and Majnun. Koch observed their breeding and wrote about them with keen interest. According to art historian Ram Nath the Salim Anarkali love legend can not be entirely fabricated myth since nobody would have had the courage to inscribe his name in public as a Majnun (passionate lover) without his approval. Nath says, Jahangir held his father Akbar in very high regard in his autobiography, still in 1599 he rebelled against Akbar and one most possible reason could be that his romance with Anarkali was frustrated by Akbar.

Prominent guesses about who the Anarkali was

 * It was just a pomegranate garden.
 * Anarkali as a wife of Emperor Akbar who fell in love with his son Jahangir.
 * Anarkali was a concubine of Emperor Akbar(and Prince Daniyal's mother) who fell in love with his son Jahangir.
 * Anarkali was one of the wife of Jahangir speculated either Sahib-i Jamal or  Nur Jahan

Just a pomegranate garden
According to Haroon Khalid, irrespective of incestuous relationship in popular imagination, it is very unlikely that an emperor's concubine would have fallen in love with his rebellious son. Khalid says that the pomegranate garden is mentioned by Dara Shikoh, the grandson of Jahangir, in his work "Sakinat al-Auliya" as a location where the saint Mian Mir used to sit. According to Subhash Parihar, Dara also mentions the existence of a tomb in the garden but does not give it a name. According to Muhammed Baqir, the author of "Lahore Past and Present", Anarkali was originally just the name of the garden in which the tomb of Sahib-i-Jamal, one of the wife of Jahangir, was situated. The tomb later came to be named as that of Anarkali.

Sahib-i Jamal
According to Muhammed Baqir, the tomb of Anarkali belonged to a woman named Sahib-i Jamal, a wife of Salim, the mother of the prince's second son Sultan Parvez and a daughter of the noble Zain Khan Koka. The daughter of Zain Khan was married to Salim on 18 June 1596.

According to Akbar Nama, Jahangir "became violently enamoured of the daughter of Zain Khan Koka. Akbar was displeased at the impropriety, but he saw that his heart was immoderately affected, he, of necessity, gave his consent"   The translator of Akbar Nama, H. Beveridge, said Akbar objected to the marriage because the Prince was already married "to Zain Khan's niece" (the daughter of paternal uncle of Zain Khan, and hence Zain Khan's cousin). Akbar objected to the marriage of near relations.

According to Aniruddha Ray, the inscribed year 1599 and the name Salim are important since if it was built after he became emperor his regnal name Jahangir would have been used instead. Ray says according to historians Akbar left Lahore on 6 November 1598, so it would be difficult to assume Akbar gave the order for the entombment in 1599. Ray says that Sahib-i Jamal died in 1599 so the tomb may be hers.

Sharf-un-Nissa
According to Haroon Khalid, a chronicler named Noor Ahmad Chishti in his Tehqiqat–i–Chishti first published in 1849 notes Anarkali or Sharf–un–Nissa as Emperor Akbar's favorite concubine. According to Tehqiqat–i–Chishti Anarkali expired when Akbar was on Deccan campaign. Khalid says while Chishti's book does not speak about a love affair with Jahangir, this was the same times when Jahangir rebelled against his father Akbar. Khalid says one possibility is Akbar might have built the mausoleum after his return from Deccan campaign.

Khalid says the popular narrative remains that Anarkali was Akbar's concubine who crossed the red line and fell in love with Jahangir, Akbar's son. He says that according to Tareekh-e-Lahore, a 1892 book by Sayed Abdul Latif, Anarkali's original name was Sharf-un-Nissa. According to Ellison Banks Findly Anarkali's another name was Nadira Begum. Findly reminds that according to European traveller Finch she was the mother of Daniyal. Findly quotes Latif who described Anarkali as a concubine and narrated the legend given by him that Akbar observed Anarkali's return a smile to Jahangir in a mirror, suspected the worst and buried the lady alive in a wall, The same had been mentioned by Finch ".. upon notice of which the King [Akabar] caused her to be inclosed quicke within a wall in his moholl, where shee dyed, .." According to Lisa Balabanlilar, usually it is considered that Jahangir married at least 20 times. Findly says that if the assumed dating of the death of Anarkali is correct then Jahangir would have already entered into several marriages and had three sons by then. Accordingly, it would have been out of character for Jahangir to have been madly in love in an incestuous relationship although the legend of Jahangir and Anarkali persists. Khalid provides the same narrative as Latif which was developed by later fiction writers beginning with Imtiaj Ali Taj's 1922 play 'Anarkali'.

Prince Daniyal's mother
Basing his analysis on the above two accounts, Abraham Eraly, the author of The Last Spring: The Lives and Times of the Great Mughals, wrote there "seems to have been an oedipal conflict between Akbar and Salim". He also considers it probable that Anarkali was the mother of Prince Daniyal Mirza.

Eraly supports his hypothesis by quoting an incident recorded by Abul Fazl, Akbar's court historian, according to whom, Salim was assaulted one evening by the guards of Akbar's royal harem. A madman wandered into Akbar's harem because of the carelessness of the guards. According to Abul Fazl, Salim caught the man but was himself mistaken for the intruder. The emperor arrived and was about to strike the "intruder" with his sword when he recognised Salim. According to this theory, the intruder might have been Prince Salim and that the story of the mad man was concocted to hide the prince's actions.

According to Subhash Parihar, the accounts of the British travellers, and consequently the presumption of Eraly, is unlikely because Prince Daniyal's mother died in 1596, which does not match the dates inscribed on the sarcophagus.

Nur Jahan
Nur Jahan's first husband Sher Afghan died in a skirmish with Jahangir's foster brother Qutbuddin Koka in 1607. Jahangir fell in love with Nur Jahan and married her on 25 May 1611. According to Masudul Hasan and also Lisa Balabanlilar, a popular legend exists that Jahangir saw Nur Jahan in childhood and was attracted to her but Akbar had not given him permission to marry her; when Jahangir ascended the throne he got her husband killed and married her. Art historian Ram Nath gives credence to this theory saying for unknown reasons Nur Jahan's first marriage to Sher Afghan took place in 1599 when she was almost 22, quite late for a woman of that time. Nath says it is quite possible that Jahangir might have seen her, and shown interest but his father Akbar denied permission taking political considerations into account. Nath says that while modern biographers like Beniprasad do not put faith in this legend, there are contemporary mentions of the legend. Nath points out that De Laet mentioned that a contemporary traveler Pelsaert said that Jahangir loved Nur Jahan even before her marriage to Sher Afghan but Akbar intervened otherwise. According to Nath, it is not impossible for Jahangir to have engineered the murder of Nur Jahan's first husband (1607) and suppressed the real cause of the conflict of his love interest.

Hasan and also Balabanlilarsay say that this legend has been proven to be historically false. Jahangir became attracted to and married Nur Jahan when she was in her 30s and Jahangir in his 40s. According to Archana Garodia Gupta, the legend of the prior love with Nur Jahan is unlikely because after Nur Jahan's first marriage with Sher Afgan, Jahangir had accompanied him on a campaign to Mewar and also awarded a title on Sher Afgan.

According to other accounts, after Akbar's death, Salim (Jahangir) recalled Anarkali and they married. She was given a new name, Nur Jahan.

Nur Jahan died in 1645, 18 years after Jahangir's death and she was buried in her tomb near the tomb of Jahangir at Shahdara, Lahore.

Opinion of historian Ram Nath
Art historian R. Nath said Jahangir had no wife on record bearing the name or title Anarkali, to whom the emperor could have built a tomb and dedicated a couplet with a suffix Majnun. He writes: "[it is] absolutely improbable that the grand Mughal emperor would address his married wife as yar, designate himself as majnun and aspire to see her face once again. Had he not seen her enough? Obviously she was not his married wife but only his beloved, to whom he would take the liberty to be romantic and a little poetic too, and it appears to be a case of an unsuccessful romance of a disappointed lover... The prince could not save her, though it is on record that he was so unhappy with his father in this year 1599 that he defied his orders and revolted. It may be recalled that Mehrunissa (later Nurjahan Begum) was also married to Sher Afgan the same year and the young Prince was so dejected and disturbed on the failure of his two romances and annihilation of his tender feelings of love that he went as far as to defy Akbar."

Fictional portrayals
Anarkali has been the subject of a number of Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani books, plays and films. The earliest, most-celebrated historical play about her, Anarkali, was written by Imtiaz Ali Taj in Urdu and performed in 1922. The play was made into a film Loves of a Mughal Prince, which was released in India in 1928 and stars Taj as Akbar. Another Indian silent film about the tawaif, Anarkali, was released in 1928 by R.S. Choudhury, who remade it in Hindi with the same title in 1935. Bina Rai portrayed Anarkali in Anarkali, a 1953 Indian film. In 1955, Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Anjali Devi starred in Anarkali. Kunchacko directed Anarkali, an Indian Tamil-language film, in 1966.

In 1960, K. Asif's landmark film Mughal-e-Azam was released in India with Madhubala in the role of Anarkali and Dilip Kumar as Prince Salim. According to Katherine Butler Schofield, while as per rumor peddled by European travelers, the emperor Akbar ensepulchred Anarkali alive, the movie Mughal‐e‐Azam gives the historical legend a twist wherein Akbar himself lets Anarkali  run away clandestinely. Schofield says in this case film producer seemingly twists the plot finding it difficult to reconcile an idealized national hero of modern times had been legendarily cruel enough to entomb a woman alive. In 1979, Telugu superstar N. T. Rama Rao directed and acted in the film Akbar Salim Anarkali, featuring himself as Akbar, Nandamuri Balakrishna as Salim and Deepa as Anarkali.

In Pakistan, Anarkali was released in 1958 with Noor Jehan in the titular role, based on the Imtiaz Ali Taj play/script as adapted by Qamar Ajnalvi for Anwar Kamal Pasha's direction. Iman Ali portrayed Anarkali in Shoaib Mansoor's short music video series on the theme Ishq in 2003.

In the 2013 Ekta Kapoor's television series Jodha Akbar, she was portrayed by Heena Parmar while Saniya Touqeer played young Anarkali. A daily soap titled "Dastan-e-Mohabbat...Salim Anarkali" in which Prince Salim is played by Shaheer Sheikh and his beloved Anarkali by Sonarika Bhadoria, was aired on Colors TV.

In 2022 TAJ, a webseries, started. Following the first season 'Anarkali' played a prominent role in first half of the series.

Bibliography non-fictional

 * Dad, Aisha. 2022. 'Through the Looking Glass': The Narrative Performance of Anarkali. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
 * Nath, Prof R.. India As Seen by William Finch (1608-11 A.D): (With an Introduction to Medieval Travelogue). N.p., Independently Published, 2020.
 * Sen Gupta, Subhadra. MAHAL: Power and Pageantry in the Mughal Harem. India, Hachette India, 2019.
 * Early Travels in India, 1583-1619. India, Alpha Editions, 2020.
 * Choudhry, Zulfiqar Ali. Anarkali. United Kingdom, Whyte Tracks publishing, 2017.
 * Khawaja, Mabel Deane. “The Entombed Slave Girl of the Moguls: A Victim of Imperialism.” International Journal of Critical Cultural Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, June 2016, pp. 1–9. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0055/cgp/v14i02/1-9.
 * Moosvi, Shireen. The invention and persistence of a legend—The Anārkalī story. Studies in People's History, Volume: 1 issue: 1, page(s): 63-68. Article first published online: June 1, 2014; Issue published: June 1, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1177/2348448914537345
 * Schofield, Katherine Butler. (2012), The Courtesan Tale: Female Musicians and Dancers in Mughal Historical Chronicles, c.1556–1748. Gender & History, 24: 150-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01673.x
 * Sharma, Sunil. “Forbidden Love, Persianate Style: Re-Reading Tales of Iranian Poets and Mughal Patrons.” Iranian Studies, vol. 42, no. 5, 2009, pp. 765–779.,
 * Glover, William J.. Making Lahore Modern: Constructing and Imagining a Colonial City. United Kingdom, U of Minnesota Press, 2008.
 * Lal, Ruby. Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 * Chaudhry, Nazir Ahmad. Anarkali, Archives and Tomb of Sahib Jamal: A Study in Perspective. Pakistan, Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2002.
 * Bāqir, Muḥammad. Lahore: Past And Present (being An Account Of Lahore Compiled From Original Sources). India, Low Price Publications, 1996.
 * Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard, et al. Architecture of Mughal India. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 1992. p 118.
 * Quayum, Mohammad A. "From A String of Sweet Pearls, Vol. II (1922)". The Essential Rokeya. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004255876_004 Web.
 * H.Beveridge, Visit to Umarkot, Calcutta Review. India, University of Calcutta, 1900. Page 67, 68, 69
 * Panjab Gazetteer. India, n.p, 1883. Page 177.
 * Panjab Gazetteer. India, n.p, 1883. Page 177.
 * Panjab Gazetteer. India, n.p, 1883. Page 177.
 * Panjab Gazetteer. India, n.p, 1883. Page 177.

Bibliography fiction and literature

 * Bombay Cinema's Islamicate Histories. United Kingdom, Intellect Books Limited, 2022.
 * Ray, Neil. The Autobiography of Time: The Saga of Human Civilization: Ambition, Greed and Power from the Dawn of Man. United Kingdom, Archway Publishing, 2020. Semi fiction
 * Sharma, Manimugdha. Allahu Akbar: Understanding the Great Mughal in Today's India. India, Bloomsbury Publishing. 2019
 * Isaac, Megan Lynn. Suzanne Fisher Staples: The Setting Is the Story. United Kingdom, Scarecrow Press, 2009.
 * Sundaresan, Indu. The Twentieth Wife: A Novel. United States, Washington Square Press, 2003.
 * Reviewed Work: Anarkali, a Sanskrit Play in ten acts, by V. Raghavan Palsule, G. B. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 54, no. 1/4, 1973, pp. 301–03. JSTOR,.
 * Taj, Afroz. Two Anarkalis: Saghar Nizami’s Dream Drama and the Deconstruction of the Parsi Theatre. Southeast Review of Asian Studies Volume 32 (2010), pp. 177–92.
 * DÉSOULIÈRES, ALAIN. Religious culture and folklore in the Urdu historical drama Anarkali, revisited by Indian cinema. Book: Indian Literature and Popular Cinema, 2007. Routledge ISBN 9780203933299
 * Rini Bhattacharya Mehta (2011) Ur-national and secular mythologies: popular culture, nationalist historiography and strategic essentialism, South Asian History and Culture, 2:4, 572-588,

title: Anarkali


text:
Phase IV (1974 film)

Phase IV is a 1974 science-fiction horror film directed by graphic designer and filmmaker Saul Bass, and written by Mayo Simon, inspired by H. G. Wells's 1905 short story "Empire of the Ants". The film stars Michael Murphy, Nigel Davenport and Lynne Frederick.

Interiors were shot at Pinewood Studios in England and exterior locations were shot in Kenya, though the film is set in the Arizona desert in the United States. It was produced by Alced Productions and Paramount Pictures.

The film was a box office flop and thus the only feature film directed by Bass. It has since gained a cult following, due to TV airings beginning in 1975 and also being shown on Mystery Science Theater 3000 during the KTMA era.

A novelization of the script, written by Barry N. Malzberg, was published as Phase IV in November 1973.

Plot
After a spectacular and mysterious cosmic event, ants of different species undergo rapid evolution, develop a cross-species hive mind, and build seven strange towers with geometrically perfect designs in the Arizona desert. Except for one family, the local human population flees the strangely acting ants. Scientists James R. Lesko and Ernest D. Hubbs set up a computerized lab in a sealed dome located in an area of significant ant activity in Arizona. The ant colony and the scientific team fight each other, though the ants are the more effective aggressors.

The narrative uses the scientific team as the main protagonists, but there are also ant protagonists going about their duties in the colony. The ants immunize themselves to the humans' chemical weapons and soon infiltrate their lab. Teams of ants penetrate the computers of the lab and short them out. After Lesko decodes an ant message, Kendra Eldridge (a young woman who has taken refuge with the scientists), becomes convinced that her actions have enraged the ants. Seeking to save the two scientists, she abandons the lab and apparently sacrifices herself.

Hubbs and Lesko begin to have different plans for dealing with the ants. While Lesko thinks he can communicate with the ants by means of messages written in mathematics, Hubbs plans to wipe out a hill he believes to be the ants' central hive. Delirious from a venomous ant sting, Hubbs can barely get his boots on, but is determined to attack the hive and kill the ant queen. Instead, Hubbs literally falls into a trap – a deep pit that the ants fill with earth. Helpless to save Hubbs and convinced that the ants will soon move into desert areas where their growth will exceed man's ability to control them, Lesko chooses to follow Hubbs's plan. He sets out to the hive with a canister of insecticide. Descending into the hive, Lesko hunts for the queen, but instead finds Kendra reaching out from under the sand. The two embrace and Lesko realizes that, far from destroying the human race, the ants' plan is to adapt the human race and make them a part of the ants' world. In a voice-over, Lesko states that he and Kendra do not know what plans the ants have, but they are awaiting instructions.

Cast

 * Michael Murphy as James R. Lesko
 * Nigel Davenport as Dr. Ernest D. Hubbs
 * Lynne Frederick as Kendra Eldridge
 * Alan Gifford as Mr. Eldridge
 * Helen Horton as Mildred Eldridge
 * Robert Henderson as Clete
 * David Healy as radio announcer (voice, uncredited)

Production
Ken Middleham, the wildlife photographer who shot the insect sequences for Phase IV, also shot the insect sequences for the documentary The Hellstrom Chronicle. Both feature extensive use of close-up photography of insects.

Computers used by Lesko were not dummy sets of flashing lights, but real-life computers, like the GEC 2050.

The idea for Phase IV was apparently hatched over cocktails in 1971, when Peter Bart at Paramount had dinner with Raul Radin and asked him what's cooking. Radin responded an ant story, though he actually had nothing. Radin subsequently called Bass, who had a friend who worked with ants and they quickly agreed to work together.

During production, Saul Bass was concerned with 20-year-old Lynne Frederick’s figure, since she was playing a 16-year-old. She was forced to wear a specially designed and painful iron-clad corset to bind her breasts (to make her appear younger) throughout production. Bass also attempted to persuade Frederick to restrict her diet to chicken broth and black coffee.

According to the book Future Tense, "Bass originally filmed a spectacular, surreal montage lasting four minutes, showing what life would be like on the 'new' Earth, but this was cut by the distributor." The montage was intended to suggest that the two surviving characters were altered by the ants' creation of the next step in evolution for humanity and insects. Shots from the original montage sequence appear in the theatrical trailer, which was likely prepared before the cuts were made to the film.

In early 2012, a faded print of the original ending sequence was found in the Saul Bass Collection at the Academy Film Archive in a preview version of the film, which was originally shown to test audiences in 1973. In June 2012, this excerpt was screened to the public in Los Angeles at the Cinefamily cinematheque following a showing of the theatrical version. The Academy Film Archive was able to find the original film elements for the montage, a set of separation masters, in Paramount Studio's archives. The archive staff recombined the separations, color-timed them for presentation and had them digitally scanned. This recovered montage ending, along with a brand new 35mm print of the theatrical version, premiered at the Alamo Drafthouse in Austin, Texas, as a part of a full day of films by Saul Bass in December 2012, before being shown at select arthouse theaters in other cities.

The novelization of Mayo Simon's screenplay, written by Barry N. Malzberg, gives a hint of the final version by Bass, as it uses the uncut version of Simon's script.

Home video
The film was released on VHS by Paramount Pictures, the studio that made the movie. A DVD was released by Legend Films in 2008 and a DVD and Blu-ray were released by Olive Films in 2015. All of these releases are barebones versions and do not include any special features, such as the original theatrical trailer or the scenes cut from the original version of the film.

The long-rumored alternate ending of the film remained out of distribution until re-discovered and restored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences’ Academy Film Archive. It is now available on iTunes Extras in celebration of the 45th anniversary of the film. In 2020, U.K. video label 101 Films released Phase IV in a two-disc limited edition Blu-ray set that includes the restored original ending as an extra, along with several short films directed by Bass. In 2024, U.S. video label Vinegar Syndrome released the film in a three-disc 4K/Blu-ray combo set which includes the theatrical version on the 4K disc and the first Blu-ray disc, with the second Blu-ray Disc containing a reconstruction of the original preview version with the full ending montage restored along with several other reinstated bits throughout the film.

Soundtrack
Brian Gascoigne was the chief composer and Stomu Yamashta was responsible for the music in the final montage sequence, which was cut from the theatrical release. David Vorhaus and Desmond Briscoe composed the electronic music. Waxwork Records released the soundtrack on vinyl in March 2015. It does not include the cut final sequence montage music by Stomu Yamashta. It was the first release of the soundtrack in any format.

Reception
Upon its initial theatrical release, the film had mixed reviews. In a generally positive review, Jay Cocks of Time saw the film as "good, eerie entertainment, with interludes of such haunted visual intensity that it becomes, at its best, a nightmare incarnate". In a negative review, Variety wrote that this ecological monster film "didn't get the bugs worked out before release". Time Out London wrote that the special effects take priority over the ideas. A. H. Weiler of The New York Times wrote, "For all of its good, scientific and human intentions, 'Phase IV' cries for a Phase V of fuller explanations."

The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film 53% based on 19 reviews with an average rating of 5.7/10. Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club described it as "designed more than directed, and edited around principles of color and line, rather than around performance or plot". Bill Gibron of PopMatters rated it 7/10 stars and wrote that "for every hackneyed hole-punch moment there’s an engaging scope enhanced by the film’s visual wonders". David Cornelius of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, "Watch it late at night with the lights out, and you'll get plenty freaked."

Phase IV won the 1975 Grand Prix Award at the International Festival of Science Fiction Films in Trieste, Italy.

Legacy
This is the first film to depict a geometric crop circle, in this case, created by super-intelligent ants. The film predates by two years the first modern reports of crop circles in the United Kingdom and it has been cited as a possible inspiration or influence on the pranksters who started this phenomenon.

Over time, the film has gained a cult following. The film has been a significant influence on a recent generation of science fiction film directors and other visual media artists. In Nicolas Goldbart's science fiction film Phase 7, Phase IV is playing on a television in the apartment of the protagonists. The writer/director Panos Cosmatos described Phase IV as having been a very significant influence on the look and feel of his science fiction film Beyond the Black Rainbow.

The music video by Radical Friend for Yeasayer's 2009 song "Ambling Alp" is an homage to Phase IV and the video's images are inspired by some of the visual elements of the film.

In January 1989, Phase IV was featured on one of the very early episodes of Mystery Science Theater 3000.

title: Phase IV (1974 film)


text: Category:Mountain ranges of Africa

title: Category:Mountain ranges of Africa


text:
Talk:Dianhong

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Waynezhang1. Peer reviewers: Yicozhou.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:27, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Praise
While this article lacks the academic rigour to be given a boost on the quality scale, I'd still like to leave feedback here saying that it's an uncommonly informative and thorough article on a tea that is often ignored in English-language connoiseurship literature. Well done. 94.194.213.4 (talk) 22:44, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Except perhaps for the ridiculous claim that the tea must be brewed in porcelain or Yixing ware. Aside from the fact that the first term means nothing more than fine-grained and vitreous, and that the second term has ceased to have any significant meaning at all, ALL teas benefit from being brewed in containers that do not contribute any taste characteristics (god knows, variation in dissolved minerals and gases in water can affect the taste of tea dramatically without introducing the vagary of a moldy teapot or other sources of organic contaminants), and from not being boiled or steeped interminably. Your suggestion that academic rigor exists in tea tasting is simply laughable.

A bold move...
I don't see why a disambiguation page (Yunnan tea) is neccessary, as Pu-erh isn't exclusively produced in Yunnan, and most tea commercially known as "Yunnan tea" is of the Dian Hong variety.

I have therefore changed the whole article so that it only redirects to "Dian Hong tea". I hope I havn't "overstepped my bounds" here, and I'm sorry if this move offends the original author. Please discuss the issue here, if you think there is still a need for the disambiguation page. --Per Hedetun 22:55, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Picture of Yunnan Tea
A picture of some Yunnan tea, any really, would greatly enchance it. --Iateasquirrel 21:05, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Needs literal meaning
Need literal meaning of "dian hong." Badagnani 07:59, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Is there a variety called "Golden Monkey"?
Is there a variety of Dianhong tea called "Golden Monkey tea"? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 03:21, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dianhong


text:
Talk:InterCultura

Some comments. The article looks good in general, but it needs to cite its sources — many statements need to be properly referenced to ensure Wikipedia's reliability and verifiability. Some random examples (there are more, but you get the gist):
 * "The catalog remains a critical addition to Maya scholarship and is widely cited."
 * This statement needs to be backed up by a source, and at least a reference to the catalog itself should be included in the 'References' section.
 * "Following on this, in 1988 InterCultura negotiated the most extensive cultural exchange program ever signed between the then-Soviet Ministry of Culture and a private U.S. institution."
 * "most important exhibition of Medieval Russian art ever shown in the United States"
 * How is it going to be verified that it really was the most extensive cultural exchange program ever signed between... etc.? I trust that you have good reasons to hold this, but Wikipedia articles need to be independently verifiable in some way.

That's it for now. O, and it is also a good idea to give the article some context by linking to it from other relevant articles. — mark ✎ 21:06, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:InterCultura


text:
Goose Island Brewery

Goose Island Beer Company is a brewery in Chicago. The oldest currently-operating brewing company in Illinois, it began as a brewpub that opened in 1988 in the Lincoln Park neighborhood, and was named after a nearby island. A larger production brewery opened in 1995. A second brewpub, in Wrigleyville, opened in 1999 and closed in 2015.

Their beers are distributed across the United States, and the United Kingdom after a stake of the company was sold to Widmer Brothers Brewery in 2006, and the brewery was able to expand into different markets. In 2011, Goose Island was sold to Anheuser-Busch InBev. Greg Hall stepped down as brewmaster with the AB InBev purchase in 2011; Brett Porter was hired as the new brewmaster.

History
John Hall was originally influenced by the English brewing tradition and pub culture.

Brewpubs
Goose Island has one brewpub located on Clybourn Ave which serves brunch, lunch, and dinner next to their assortment of beers. The brewpub was sold to Anheuser Busch in 2016, but it still remains a subsidiary of the Fulton Street brewery. The Clybourn Avenue Brewpub closed for renovation in January 2017; it reopened in October 2017, slightly renamed to Goose Island Brewhouse. The Wrigleyville brewpub closed in 2015 to make way for further development of the Wrigleyville area.

The original brewery on Fulton Street features a tap room and offers tours of the facility.

Goose Island currently operates different concept locations across the globe, with brewpubs in Toronto, São Paulo, Seoul and Shanghai;

Beer
Goose Island produces a number of beers that are available year-round, as well as some beers that are seasonal. At different times in the past, the brewery has produced dozens of other beers.

In November 2008, Goose Island made news when its small batch of Bourbon County Stout became available for the first time in the Western United States.

While Goose Island products were originally only available in the Chicago area, since 2012 their products are available in all 50 states.

In Europe, post AB-Inbev acquisition, Goose Island Beer is brewed at the InBev brewing facilities in Belgium.

Bourbon County Stout
Goose Island's Bourbon County Stout was one of the first bourbon barrel-aged beers. It was first produced by Greg Hall in Chicago in 1992, when Jim Beam gave the brewer a couple of used barrels; however, according to Hall's assistant brewmaster and other pieces of evidence, it may not have been produced until 1995. Goose Island's Brett Porter said: "We let the warehouse run to Chicago temperatures—cold winters, followed by hot humid summers—that causes the staves in our bourbon barrels to bring in and then force out liquid, and that's where the flavor comes from".

Every year in late November, Goose Island releases its series of Bourbon County Stouts, consisting of the classic Bourbon County Stout and its variants.

Soda
For several years, the WIT Beverage Company licensed the Goose Island name for a craft soda line. The branding was changed to WBC Craft Sodas following the expiration of the Goose Island licensing in 2013.

title: Goose Island Brewery


text:
Rashaan Salaam

Rashaan Iman Salaam (October 8, 1974 – December 5, 2016) was an American professional football running back who played for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1990s. Salaam played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes and won the 1994 Heisman Trophy. He was picked by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 1995 NFL Draft, and played professionally for the Bears and the Cleveland Browns. Salaam committed suicide on December 5, 2016.

Early life
Salaam was born in San Diego, California, the son of former Cincinnati Bengals running back Teddy Washington (later Sulton Salaam, after converting to Islam). He was a practicing Muslim. He attended La Jolla Country Day School in suburban San Diego, and played eight-man football. He ran for over 100 yards in every game except against Christian High of El Cajon, coached by Dale Peterson. He was recognized as a high school All-American. He was later inducted into the school's athletic hall of fame.

College career
Salaam attended the University of Colorado, where he played for the Colorado Buffaloes football team from 1992 to 1994. As a junior in 1994, Salaam had one of the best individual seasons in college football history, rushing for a school-record 2,055 yards and becoming only the fourth college running back to run for more than 2,000 yards in a season. He also amassed 24 touchdowns and helped lead Colorado to an 11–1 record, including a 41–24 win over the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the 1995 Fiesta Bowl, and a No. 3 finish in the final Associated Press Poll. The Buffaloes' only loss of the season was to the Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska Cornhuskers, which finished undefeated and ranked No. 1 in both the Associated Press and United Press International polls at season's end. Salaam had four consecutive 200-yard rushing games during the season, his best effort coming against the Texas Longhorns, when he set a school record with 362 yards total offense in a 34–31 Colorado win in Austin. He was a unanimous All-American and winner of the Heisman Trophy in December, beating out running back Ki-Jana Carter of Penn State and quarterbacks Steve McNair of Alcorn State and Kerry Collins of Penn State. Salaam also won the Walter Camp Award and Doak Walker Award.

Professional career
The Chicago Bears selected Salaam in the first round, with the 21st overall selection, of the 1995 NFL Draft. He played for the Bears from 1995 to 1997. As a rookie, he rushed for 1,074 yards and scored 10 touchdowns. However, he also lost 9 fumbles and averaged just 3.6 yards per carry. Problems with injuries, fumbles, and marijuana use led him to spend only three years with the Bears. During his two final years with Chicago, Salaam mustered only 608 combined yards. The Bears traded Salaam to the Miami Dolphins before the 1998 season, but the trade was undone when Salaam failed a physical examination with Miami. Salaam spent 1999 with the Cleveland Browns and the Green Bay Packers, but only played in two games for the Browns that year.

Salaam briefly played in the XFL for the Memphis Maniax in 2001, but injury cut his season short and the league folded after one season. He finished the year with 528 yards gained.

Salaam launched what appeared to be a final attempt at an NFL career in 2002, beginning with a much publicized training at the Cris Carter Speed School. He was picked up by the San Francisco 49ers in 2003 but subsequently let go in August, in the second-to-last round of cuts, despite receiving accolades from then 49ers head coach Dennis Erickson.

Salaam was signed by the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on February 20, 2004. He was then suspended by the Argos in May, ending his football career.

Death
Salaam was found dead on December 5, 2016, in a park in Boulder, Colorado. An autopsy was performed because authorities found a note near the body and were investigating it as a possible suicide.

On December 29, it was confirmed that the manner of death was suicide, specifically a gunshot wound to the head, in a report released by the Boulder County coroner's office. Salaam's blood-alcohol content was reportedly three times the legal driving limit and he had THC in his system.

Salaam's family did not consent to neuropathological tests that would have revealed whether he had previously sustained chronic head trauma, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. They declined to have his brain tested to determine whether his depression had been linked to such injuries from his days as a player.

title: Rashaan Salaam


text:
Talk:Aflatoxin

Untitled
Saddam Hussein is known to have developed and produced Aflatoxin as an economic biological/chemical weapon

Takometer, do you have a reference for this claim? JFW | T@lk  21:08, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

add a new section
hey, i fixed the Iraq part, but i was thinking: is the material contained in the "contamination conditions" section starting to get beyond the scope of that subheading? perhaps we need to think of a new title or possibly split Zvesoulis 21:57, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

The 3D structure of aflatoxin B1 is incorrect. The methoxy group is on the wrong carbon.

history
i think that if historical issues of usage are going to be referenced they cannot be part of its chemical and medical properties and they would better be mentioned seperately, on a new paragraph or a new page. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.249.61.130 (talk) 10:09, 9 January 2007 (UTC).

Afaltoxin in Virtually All Peanut Butter
In regards to the missing citation, This is a reference to a study done by Consumer Reports in 1990. I have no access to the magazine and therefore cannot give a citation...but if anyone does, that's where that citation would be located... Grillo7 01:10, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Intrested in this... 98.24.154.187 (talk) 22:42, 28 June 2011 (UTC)

Iraq/history
I've never added or edited before, so I'll leave the info here for someone who knows how. Iraq under Hussein did indeed produce & weaponize aflatoxin. (This was significant because previously aflatoxin had not been considered as a biological weapon.) Research & production began in 1988, and live-fire tests were conducted in 1989 & 1990. During the first PG War, bombs & missile warheads were loaded with aflatoxin & deployed, though obviously never launched. This information was disclosed in 1995 following the defection of Hussein Kemal Hassan to Jordan. According to the declaration, 2200L of concentrated aflatoxin were produced, with 1580L loaded into munitions & the remainder reserved. At the time of disclosure, Iraq claimed to have unilaterally decided to abandon their BW program in 1991 and to have inactivated & destroyed their munitions & stockpiles, but no evidence to support this claim was presented. This information was reported in UNSCOM's October 1995 report to the UN Security Council; I would think that document would still be on the UN website for citation.

There's a different question posed of whether this info belongs on this page. I'd say it belongs somewhere; if that isn't here, then this page needs a link to that somewhere. But, I'm just a newbie; again I'll leave it up to the experts.

Hope this info helps! 192.91.172.42 13:37, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

I have just read the complete report on possible exposure to nerve and biological agents published in the American Journal of Epidemiology by the Naval Health Research Center:

* Oxford Journals * Medicine * American Journal of Epidemiology * Volume 150, Number 5 * Pp. 532-540

There is in fact no evidence at all of illness related to destruction of munitions purported to contain biological weapons agents. The report makes the point early on that the UNSCOM reported the existence of sarin and cyclosarin in munitions that the U.S. Army had previously examined and declared to have no traces of biological or chemical weapon agents. This information is public knowledge and can be retrieved in moments by going to the website for the American Journal of Epidemiology and searching on "aflatoxin iraq", which is what I did. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.215.115.31 (talk) 18:42, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Manufacturers
This section makes no sense to me. The article give no info on any practical use of this substance, so why would it ever be manufactured by anyone? I think this should be addressed in the article. Pouru 02:43, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair question, I have updated the section with a possible use. V8rik 17:41, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Note that the assay standard units in which aflatoxins are sold are minute, and that they are prohibitively expensive. It would be impossible to purchase an amount sufficient to poison someone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.215.115.31 (talk) 18:28, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Additional information in pets
Recent news headline concerns the presence of aflatoxin in certain pet foods http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/12/19/pet.food.recall/index.html Should this be incorporated into the article? Sire TRM (talk) 01:01, 20 December 2010 (UTC)

Contradictory statement in first paragraph vs microbiology section
First paragraph states: Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus...

Microbiology section states: They are synthesized by only a few Aspergillus species... Sah64 (talk) 00:07, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Readability
any chance of a summary paragraph for those of us who don´t have a PHD in Chemistry? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.148.123.64 (talk) 17:07, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

Amerocentric
The page only gives US (FDA) action levels. As I understand it, these are something like 10 times HIGHER than EU allowed levels, at least for cereals (cf: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:050:0008:01:EN:HTML) - i.e. 20 micrograms/kg in the US vs. 2 micrograms/kg in the EU. Isn't this a point worth noting, and can we not in any case reduce the US bias of this article?

This is a burning issue in the Balkans right now (Serbia in particular), where a very dry growing season has led to high levels of aflatoxin in animal feed and hence in milk - well over the allowed EU levels, but not over the US level. So they changed the allowed level - easy solution, instant healthy milk! Here is a bit about that, though not sure about the figures they give: http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2013&mm=03&dd=08&nav_id=85055. So WHAT is actually an "allowable" dose..? Markowe (talk) 21:08, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

Query
" Favorable conditions include high moisture content (at least 7%) and high temperature. "

Did the author mean 70%? 216.228.28.22 (talk) 19:18, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

 * No. For example A. flavus grows best on corn at 18% moisture content but will not grow below 12%. Other foods require even lower moisture content for safe storage, for example almonds and red chillies. Hevesli (talk) 13:48, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

Date format
By the revision, the date format Month DD, YYYY had been established. --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 02:22, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Aflatoxin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110707101136/http://www.akcstandard.com/article/contaminated-dog-food-1-06.html to http://www.akcstandard.com/article/contaminated-dog-food-1-06.html/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:59, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Aflatoxin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151017005918/http://resourcespace.icrisat.ac.in/filestore/1/1/3/8_16726338976b6c5/1138_d1bbb815d3a3d2d.pdf to http://resourcespace.icrisat.ac.in/filestore/1/1/3/8_16726338976b6c5/1138_d1bbb815d3a3d2d.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:05, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

Aflatoxin not present in meat?
https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/article/10.1007/BF02544571

I just wanted to point out this study... Do you guys think we should conclude that afflatoxin is not a health risk factor in meat? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Urgeblind~enwiki (talk • contribs) 00:21, 14 March 2017 (UTC)

Causal relationship through epidemiological studies
“causal relationship between childhood stunting and aflatoxin exposure has yet to be conclusively shown by epidemiological studies”

Epidemiological studies can’t establish causal relationship, perhaps “definitive association” or something similar would be more fitting. 2001:1C05:240A:5100:6C64:20E3:39FA:27D0 (talk) 21:15, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

Pharmacology Tyranny using State Income/ Low-Income Health Insurance; For-Profit Listed under Non-Profit & Taxable; Ex. Luxury Purposes
$$$$$$$ Listed as "Non-Profit" Drug Marketing: * Making Profit in a Pharmaceutical Company/-ies in the United States using a collaborative Stock Market Investing. Equal Opportunity ( Communism ); Equal Opportunity Increases caustic Non-Productive society and also Increase in Abortion deaths and Also an Increase of Sociological and environmental problems. This conflict of "Equal Opportunity" versus the Education seeker/ self-future..attempt of creating Independence from a system of EQUAL OPPORTUNITY being dependent on a human ... for science projects and ignoring opinions AND also grievances to Non-Profit Companies of continued Mal-practice of Drugging persons against their will.. For THEIR ( the "Non- Profit" PROFIT in their Investment of FINANCIAL GAIN upon a "false", but true emotional drugging experiment. After requesting the "Non-Profit" to pay me for Their Science study ... I need a Lawyer.  I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IS IN A PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG.  A Man-Made Drug Compounds and White Collar crimes ARE NOT FROM GOD.  So, I have mentally been fighting this rape I reported To a local Mental-Health Agency... from an employee from this specific "Non_Profit Mental Health agency" The Mental-Health NON-PROFIT Agency ignored several complaints and grievances... I NEVER gave CONSENT for this "Non-Profit" for PROFIT financially prospering off of their employee raping me... With this, it leads me to believe they would like to Become Bankrupt.  $$$$$$$$$$$$$   We are NOT On Earth for your Profit and Your Deafness.... WITHOUT ABORTION YOU ARE IN DEBT.... DEPENDENTS on Flesh Bodies are not to be OWNED by SCIENCE.... The United States Constitution I HAVE A RIGHT TO DEFEND MYSELF...  I am starting to believe you are with uhh... The Mafia... ALL THESE WORLD RELIGIONS .... Try a bit of Prevention and PAY MALPRACTICE DEBTS IN MY STATE OF OHIO. ( AUTOMOTIVE; Coal Mining; Gasoline Industry; Law Enforcement; Military; NOT HOLLYWOOD... Not for Quackery's LUXURY arousal and obsession of human SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS down here on Earth .   Please * QUIT TESTING ON HUMANS *  ... You are NOT "in the Field" NOR Have you VOLUNTEERED.  Your GREED IS KILLING US "Blue_Collar"  Slaves, down here......  Ungratefulness will get you into Hell.     ALLERGENS in MOLD?   - Louis Pasteur Cutless77 (talk) 21:19, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aflatoxin


text:
Doc Holliday (announcer)

Doc Holliday is an American radio personality. His career began during high school in early 1979 in New Jersey. He was the anchor of the Doc & Johnny Morning Show on WXXL-FM in Orlando, Florida, for over 17 years, before resigning in March 2007. Also, Doc is the former arena announcer for the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League.

He was also the announcer for Family Double Dare in its last season (1992–93), replacing John Harvey. Other appearances on the airwaves include Clear Channel's 740 the Team and ESPN Radio. He was the voice of the Orlando Predators for seven years. During Spring Training for Major League Baseball, he can be heard announcing the line-ups and batters for both the Atlanta Braves (Disney's Wide World of Sports at the Walt Disney World Resort) and Houston Astros (Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee).

On March 5, 2007, as the show entered its 17th year, co-host Johnny Magic announced that Doc was moving on. In early May 2007, another core member of the morning show, Grace Vasquez, resigned citing differences with the stations management. Their morning show had won various awards for its outreach to the community.

In September 2007, Doc joined Grace Vasquez at WWKA-FM "K92FM" on the show Doc and Grace in the Morning. At K92FM Doc was known for speaking his mind on the issues and for his community involvement. On September 1, 2010, it was announced that Doc would no longer be on the air at WWKA, but would remain employed by Cox Communications.

Doc rejoined the airwaves on the Big 810 Real Talk Radio with The Doc Show in late 2011. In mid-2012, when Big 810 re-formatted to sports radio, The Doc Show was re-formatted as a local sports talk show. In 2013, the show was moved from the afternoon to morning drive time, 7-10am weekdays, to coincide with the station's affiliation with CBS Sports Radio and the resultant addition of The Jim Rome Show.

Currently Doc Holliday is working on the development of the Phoenix Rising Radio Network. Doc can be found hosting a live show Monday through Friday 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM (EST) with co-host Bam Bam Sam and on Saturday evenings with a 70s Show. The website is located at DocShowCoast2Coast.com. Studios are located in Saint Cloud, Florida

Doc also has 3 sons, Jeffrey (born 1985), Gary (born 1988), and Zachary (born 1995), and one grandson, Jeffrey.

title: Doc Holliday (announcer)


text:
Talk:Boom tube

Open questions

 * 1) What is needed to create a boomtube (e.g. a mother box)?
 * 2) Could a boom tube used for teleporting shorter distances (such as on the same planet)?
 * 3) what are the limits on how long a boom tube can remain open?
 * As far as I know, a motherbox is the only thing that can create a boom tube. Can anyone else find any other instance of one being created otherwise? --Rocketgoat 02:32, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Hmm, good question. I'll have to chime in saying that I don't recall ever seeing a boomtube without a motherbox, whether one appeared on-panel, or was implied as being used at the other end of the tube. Anyway, related, but perhaps not the same were the boomsuits used by the JLA 1 Million --El benito 22:38, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Scaling
Peter David did not create the idea that a BT rescales the giant New Gods down to human size. The idea originated in New Gods #10 (1996), by Pollack, Raffaele, and Garvey, where a rip in the cosmos briefly brings planets from the regular world into the world of the New Gods, and they are mere inches across. Peter David went along with this idea when Supergirl ends up on Apokolips only partly grown in stature, and is thus around an inch tall. Devillance being merely four-or-five times human height in 52 is thus a further extension of the idea, with the BT obviously having reduced him nearly all the way to human height, but not quite.

Similarity
I think it should be mentioned that it's similar to wormholes. 71.250.1.198 02:37, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 15:53, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:57, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Virgin West Boom Tube
I also have a Boom Tube its a portable speaker system with a compact subwoofer great for the beach or traveling with your i pod to get lots of good sound.

Drew 174.48.103.12 (talk) 15:27, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boom tube


text:
User:Paolonalin

 Paolo Nalin  http://www.nalin.ca http://www.fulltrust.sg http://www.fulltrust.cn http://www.weinboum.com

EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE   Fulltrust, Singapore MANAGING PARTNER since 2006  IBM Business Consulting Services, Rome, Italy PROJECT MANAGER 2002-2005 Price Waterhouse & Coopers Consulting, Rome, Italy  SENIOR CONSULTANT 2000-2002 Andersen Consulting (now Accenture), Rome, Italy BUSINESS ANALYST 1999-2000 Italian Coast Guard, Rome, Italy LIEUTENANT 	1998-1999 EDUCATION McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada  Master of Business Administration	2006 National University of Singapore, Singapore  Master of Business Administration	Fall 2005 Collège d’Europe, Bruges, Belgium  International Symposium of the European Union 2005 University of Padua, Padua, Italy Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering 	1998

title: User:Paolonalin


text: User:Foxmulder

title: User:Foxmulder


text:
User talk:Neen

ßпʊʏЊ

title: User talk:Neen


text: User talk:70.35.147.84

title: User talk:70.35.147.84


text:
Neoevolutionism

Neoevolutionism as a social theory attempts to explain the evolution of societies by drawing on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution while discarding some dogmas of the previous theories of social evolutionism. Neoevolutionism is concerned with long-term, evolutionary social change and with the regular patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures.

title: Neoevolutionism


text:
RAF Denge

Denge is a former Royal Air Force site near Dungeness, in Kent, England. It is best known for the early experimental acoustic mirrors which remain there.

The RAF had begun research into acoustic mirrors during World War I.

The Denge acoustic mirrors, known colloquially as 'listening ears', are located between Greatstone-on-Sea and Lydd airfield, on the banks of a now disused gravel pit. The mirrors were built in the late 1920s and early 1930s as an experimental early warning system for incoming aircraft, developed by William Sansome Tucker. Several were built along the south and east coasts, but the complex at Denge is the best preserved, and are protected as scheduled monuments.

Denge complex
There are three acoustic mirrors in the complex, each consisting of a single concrete hemispherical reflector.

 * The 200 foot mirror is a near vertical, curved wall, 200 feet (60m) long. It is one of only two similar acoustic mirrors in the world, the other being in Magħtab, Malta.

 * The 30 foot mirror is a circular dish, similar to a deeply curved satellite dish, 9 m (30 ft) across, supported on concrete buttresses. This mirror still retains the metal microphone pole at its centre.
 * The 20 foot mirror is similar to the 30 foot mirror, with a smaller, shallower dish 6 m (20 ft) across. The design is close to that of an acoustic mirror in Kilnsea, East Riding of Yorkshire.

Acoustic mirrors did work and could effectively be used to detect slow moving enemy aircraft before they came into sight. They worked by concentrating sound waves towards a central point, where a microphone would have been located. However, their use was limited as aircraft became faster. Operators also found it difficult to distinguish between aircraft and seagoing vessels. In any case, they quickly became obsolete due to the invention of radar in 1932. The experiment was abandoned, and the mirrors left to decay. The gravel extraction works caused some undermining of at least one of the structures.

The striking forms of the sound mirrors have attracted artists and photographers. British artist Tacita Dean created a film inspired by the complex. The band Turin Brakes featured the mirrors on some of their album covers. The object appeared in the music video for Blank & Jones' "A Forest".The mirrors have also been featured in the music videos for "Last Time Forever" by Squeeze, Invaders Must Die by The Prodigy, Young Kato - Something Real and "A Kiss For The Whole World x" by Enter Shikari.

Restoration
In 2003, English Heritage secured £500,000 from the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund and from the EU's Interreg programme under the Historic Fortifications Network, as administered by Kent County Council. This money was spent to restore the damage caused by the gravel works, as well as to install a swing bridge which now is the only means of access, reducing the monument's exposure to vandalism. The mirrors are situated on an island within an RSPB nature reserve, and can only be accessed on open days as the designated site (which has both Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Protection Area status) is sensitive to disturbance.

title: RAF Denge


text:
User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић

Interesting external links

- Словенска филологија (my blog) - Serbo-Croatian language and literature - Vokabular, the Serbian dictionary - music from the Užice region - Ardalambion (on the languages of Arda) - Parma Tyelpelassiva (the book of silver sheets) - the official pages of the municipality of Čajetina - project Rastko, the online library of the Serbian culture - the Old Village museum in Sirogojno, Zlatibor - Užice at first sight

sr:Корисник:Ђорђе Д. Божовић

authors: Ђорђе Д. Божовић

title: User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић


text:
Talk:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Wikisource notice
I'm about to write a real article about the act. What should I do with the original text and the wikisource notice? Dave (talk) 21:12, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Possible source
WhisperToMe (talk) 08:49, 29 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Chen, Cathleen Qiao. "Perry: Anti-Prison Rape Standards "Impossible"" (Archive). Texas Tribune. March 31, 2014.

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071008160928/http://www.nprec.us/docs/nprec_ps121506.pdf to http://www.nprec.us/docs/nprec_ps121506.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:20, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080508054836/http://nprec.us/about.htm to http://www.nprec.us/about.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/66174.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.nprec.us/proceedings_boston.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080510200151/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs///pub/pdf/svrca06.pdf to http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/svrca06.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:20, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.justdetention.org/pdf/HopeforHealingweb.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101101215506/http://justdetention.org/en/factsheets/Prison_Rape_Elimination_Act.pdf to http://www.justdetention.org/en/factsheets/Prison_Rape_Elimination_Act.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201921/http://www.aca.org/publications/pdf/Pihl-Buckley.pdf to http://www.aca.org/publications/pdf/Pihl-Buckley.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:37, 30 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
User:Bobak

Bobak Ha'Eri

 * Most common question:
 * "How should I attribute you when I use your photo?" Simple: "Bobak Ha'Eri" and it can be placed in whatever style/format for citation you are already using (caption, footnote, endnote, watermarked onto edge of photo, etc — I don't want to make it difficult for you).

If you have any questions, please email me at BobakUSC [at] yahoo [dot] com

(B.A., USC ; J.D., University of Minnesota; Esq.; Admin)

Since some people have asked me, here's a map of places I've been.

Contributions

 * Photos - Since pictures are worth a thousand words, I've uploaded a number of the photos I've taken (gallery available here).  If you want to use them, please follow the licensing agreement use the proper citation.  Currently at 1500+ photos.
 * Articles - Creations and contributions listed here. Currently at 66 DYKs, 1 GA and 1 FA.

The Fine Print
'''Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice, and neither do I. Whenever I write on a legal topic, my intentions are to shed light on what the law says from the perspective of someone who's studied that particular area, not to formally advise anyone. Get your own lawyer. I am not forming a legal relationship with any of you bastards.'''

title: User:Bobak


text:
Talk:Ghamid

Ghamid tribe is the biggest in Saudi Arabia,and the 2nd in Arabian Penunsula after Hashed tribe in Yemen. This tribe history is destroyed by the Saudi royal family,this tribe has the biggest history before and after islam, more than 4000 years. Here i'm asking the history's finder to search after this tribe,there's many written very old books around the world,espically Sapin,Turkey,England. thank you

title: Talk:Ghamid


text:
Sally Ride EarthKAM

Sally Ride EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students) is a NASA educational outreach program started in 1996. The program was initiated by JoBea Way Holt, an Earth scientist from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and was initially named KidSat. It allowed students to direct a digital camera aboard a series of space shuttle flights to take photographs of specific places on Earth. In 1998, KidSat was co-opted Dr. Sally Ride, the first American woman in space and renamed EarthKAM. Dr. Ride directed the installation of camera equipment on the International Space Station (ISS), where it became a permanent fixture independent of shuttle flights.

During KidSat and EarthKAM missions (periods during which the program camera is operational), middle school students around the world can submit requests to capture photographs of specific locations. There are typically four missions a year. Students’ requests are relayed to a camera on the ISS. The camera then images the designated locations, and the digitized images are transmitted from orbit through a TDRSS Ku band satellite link to Johnson Space Center Mission Control. The images ultimately are posted on the Sally Ride EarthKAM website, where students can view and study them.

The project is run cooperatively by the University of Alabama in Huntsville; Teledyne Brown Engineering; Johnson Space Center; U.S. Space and Rocket Center; and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

Since the program’s creation, cameras aboard the space shuttle and later the ISS have taken thousands of photographs of Earth. The entire collection of Sally Ride EarthKAM images is available in a searchable Sally Ride EarthKAM image archive.

To take part in the program, teachers sign up on the Sally Ride EarthKAM website and then receive code words that are used to track image requests.

History
JoBea Holt had the idea for KidSat and worked with Sally Ride, Elizabeth Stork from Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth and JPL engineers to implement it in 1995. Holt directed the KidSat program during its first three shuttle flights (STS-76, STS-81, and STS-86) and established the process through which students and educators could request images. A Special Section of the IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (July 1999, volume 37, No. 4, p1751-1847) presents the KidSat missions along with the science, engineering and education that were integral to the program. The program allowed middle school students to capture images of Earth using a camera aboard the Space Shuttle.

KidSat was renamed EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students) in 1998 and flew as part of three additional shuttle flights (STS-89, STS-93, and STS-99). In 2001, the camera moved to the International Space Station, and the program was renamed ISS EarthKAM. After Ride's death in 2012, NASA renamed the program Sally Ride EarthKAM in her honor.

EarthKAM captured the first photo of Earth from the newly installed Window Observational Research Facility (WORF).

Sally Ride EarthKAM received the Top Results Award at the Third Annual International Space Station Research and Development Conference, held June 17–19, 2014.

Past Shuttle and ISS missions

 * STS-76 Atlantis, as KidSat
 * STS-81 Atlantis, as KidSat
 * STS-86 Atlantis, as KidSat
 * STS-89 Endeavour, as EarthKAM
 * STS-93 Columbia, as EarthKAM
 * STS-99 Endeavour, as EarthKAM
 * See also list of missions

title: Sally Ride EarthKAM


text:
Chulabhorn (disambiguation)

Chulabhorn is a princess of Thailand.

Chulaborn may also refer to the following, named after her the princess:

 * Chulabhorn District, in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
 * Chulabhorn Dam, on the Nam Phrom River in Chaiyaphum Province
 * Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, a multidisciplinary post-graduate academic institute
 * Chulabhorn Research Institute, a biomedical and chemistry research institute in Bangkok
 * Princess Chulabhorn's College, a group of science coeducation boarding schools

title: Chulabhorn (disambiguation)


text:
Jennifer Rosanne States

Jennifer Rosanne States was a black Canadian child who died at age three in September 1968 and made national headlines when she was refused burial in an all-white cemetery.

States had been very ill from soon after birth. Her parents, with six other young children, were unable to care for her and sent her to a white foster family in Windsor, Nova Scotia. When she died this family tried to have her buried in the St. Croix Cemetery. However, the managing board cited a 1907 bylaw banning blacks and natives from the cemetery. States was instead buried in a traditionally black cemetery nearby. The incident came to the attention of the national media and caused a general outcry. The cemetery board quickly backed down and deleted the offending bylaw.

title: Jennifer Rosanne States


text: File:Queensryche - Hear in the Now Frontier cover.jpg


text:
Talk:Shagan (lake)

Merge?
Is there much point in having separate pages about the lake and the explosion that created it? The two seem so inextricably linked that there's no real difference between their subjects. I propose merging the lake article into the test article, leaving a redirect. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk

Sounds good to me. I think there's a bit of info here that's not in the test page (the glass), but otherwise they were identical. --Thatnewguy 05:21, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

The size of the lake differs between the two pages though. Which is the correct one ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.189.230.172 (talk) 11:42, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Shouldn't this page at least have a picture of the Chagan lake? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.45.142.73 (talk) 03:51, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Photo of Lake Chagan
Yes, there's should be a photo. But ones with the right licensing seem scarce.

dino (talk) 23:35, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

"Still radioactive", fine but how radioactive is it?
Is it approachable, can you swim in it, is it closed off, what is the exact value? Anybody know? 76.168.51.241 (talk) 17:25, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Purpose
Was this just a nuclear test or was it intended to create a reservoir? If so, was it for irrigation, drinking, or what? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.144.207 (talk) 09:34, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

Purpose
How credible are these reports?

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/russia-used-nuclear-bomb-create-11213915

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4905826/Clip-shows-Soviet-nuke-used-create-new-reservoir.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.19.144.207 (talk) 09:41, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shagan (lake)


text: File:RollStones-Single1965 TheLastTime.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Clone (song)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Clone (song)
Non-notable. Nothing links there. No substantive content. Created by a user with a history of vandalism. Delete LizardWizard 21:15, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, orphan, no interwiki, admited nn ("only released in Alaska", i mean how much more do you want? nothing against Alaska, that is), vanity. Deserves to be deleted, in my book. -mysekurity 21:43, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I think this comes under Speedy Deletion. Gwk 21:45, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain, but before voting, please see Votes for deletion/Who's next (song) and my comments there, which may be helpful. They include stats for all of the songs listed. Noted that this song is listed in both places. -Harmil 22:38, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as below. -R. fiend 23:16, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not even close. Dcarrano 23:36, July 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 08:48, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete first of all I don't think Wikipedia needs indivudual songs unless it's really famous...which this one isn't really. Second it isn't notable. MLSfreak777 10:11, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.