text:
Smiths Group

Smiths Group plc is a British, multinational, diversified engineering business headquartered in London, England. It operates in over 50 countries and employs 15,000 staff. Smiths Group is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

Smiths Group has its origins in a jewellery shop, S Smith & Sons, which was founded by the watchmaker and businessman Samuel Smith. Supplying its precision watches to various clients, including the Admiralty, the business quickly grew and expanded into a major provider of timepieces, diamonds, and automotive instrumentation. On 21 July 1914, the business became a public limited company, holding onto this status for over a hundred years. Significant restructuring of Smiths Group took place during the 1950s, the foundations of Smiths Medical Systems division were laid while Smiths Aviation and Smiths Marine were organised as separate divisions. Throughout much of the twentieth century, Smiths Group was the principal supplier of instruments to the British motorcar and motorcycle industries, organising itself as Smiths Industries Ltd in 1960.

By the late 1970s, the markets for clocks, watches, and automotive instruments had progressively decreased to the point where little of Smith's revenue came from these sources; Smiths Industries decided to cease its involvement as a direct supplier of Europe's automotive industry in the early 1980s. In 1984, Smiths Industries was reorganised into three principal operating divisions: Industrial, Medical Systems, and Aerospace and Defence. Smiths Aerospace became a key source of business for the wider group, supplying both military and civilian customers. The medical division of Smiths Group would ultimately by acquired by ICU Medical in January 2022. In the twenty-first century, the company's principal activities have been the manufacture of sensors that detect and identify explosives, products and services for the major process industries, products that connect, protect and control critical systems, and engineered components that heat and move fluids and gases.

S Smith & Sons
The watch chronometer and instrument retailer's business was established by Samuel Smith as a jewellery shop at 12 Newington Causeway in south east London in 1851. In 1875, Samuel Smith died at the age of 49; during his time in control of the firm, it had experienced a rapid rate of growth. During 1872, it relocated the centre of its operations to 85 The Strand, next door to the premises of Charles Frodsham. In 1885, a large business operating as diamond merchants emerged, based at 6 Grand Hotel Buildings, Trafalgar Square, and from 1895 at 68 Piccadilly.

The companies produced a range of high quality precision watches; perhaps the most major customer for these was the Admiralty. Its precision watches were typically manufactured by Nicole Nielsen of Soho Square. During 1904, retailing and wholesaling of Smiths-branded motor accessories was launched; Nicole Nielsen produced Smiths' initial speedometer, the Perfect Speed Indicator; the first of which was delivered to Edward VII, the reigning British monarch, for the Royal Mercedes.

During 1907, in order to satisfy the high demands for its products, Nicole Nielsen had to open a new factory in Watford. Around this time, Smiths also began to manufacture some of their own motor products, particularly speedometers. Starting in 1913, all motor accessories activities were carried out from handsome purpose-built premises at Speedometer House, 179-185 Great Portland Street ("Motor Row"). The premises in the Strand became a Lyons tearoom, but the jewellers' establishments were retained at Trafalgar Square and 68 Piccadilly. By this time, motor accessories production included Smiths multiple-jet carburettors (designed by Trier & Martin), lighting sets, headlamps, sidelights, tail lights, dynamo and electric starters, generators and the Smith's Auto-Clear mechanical horn.

On 21 July 1914, Smiths Group was floated on the London Stock Exchange; the organisation has been present on the exchange for over one hundred years.

First half of 20th century
The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 contributed to Smiths Group making gains in multiple markets around the world that had been previously held by the German competition. By 1915, new contracts issued by the British War Office for aeroplane accessories, lighting sets, and munitions required the speedy erection of a new freehold factory. This new factory, known as Cricklewood Works, was built at Cricklewood, north London. In 1921, the firm's Great Portland Street activities were moved to Cricklewood following the purchase of the former Metallurgique works alongside their Cricklewood Works. During the Interwar period, the company's accessories became standard fittings in new cars all provided by the manufacturer.

At the start of the 20th century, the age of the early automobiles, Smith & Sons retailed one of the first British odometers ("mileometer") and speedometer. In the 1930s, Smiths agreed a trading deal with British rival manufacturer Lucas whereby the two would not compete in certain areas, while Lucas took on part of Smiths non-instrumentation assets.

Smiths became the dominant supplier of instruments to British motorcar and motorcycle firms. These later 20th century instruments carried a distinctive logo, the word "SMITHS" centred above the middle of the dial and silk screened onto it in a unique house font familiar to generations of drivers.

During 1919, the distribution rights for the KLG Sparking Plug were purchased from Kenelm Lee Guinness. Smiths purchased 75 per cent of Ed. Jaeger (London) Ltd in 1927 (which became British Jaeger Instrument Company in 1932). Also in 1927, Smiths purchased the KLG Sparking Plug Company (Robinhood Engineering). The Jackall hydraulic jacking system was manufactured from 1935 by Smith's Jacking Systems and immediately became standard equipment in many popular cars. In 1937, a separate aircraft and marine department was created in the parent company and named Smiths Aircraft Instruments. It operated with Smiths subsidiary Henry Hughes and Son, who manufactured various instruments for the aviation and marine markets.

In 1946, Smiths and the Ingersoll Watch Company founded the Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd., which produced watches in Wales. At one point, this venture was one of the largest producers of watches in Europe and employed as many as 1,420 employees at its height; however, the Anglo-Celtic Watch Co. Ltd. was closed down in 1980.

Second half of 20th century

One of Smiths' "De Luxe" wristwatches was worn by Edmund Hillary on his successful ascent of Mount Everest (Rolex also supplied watches but the only watch worn to the summit was a Smiths).

The 1950s was a period of significant restructuring for Smiths Group; in 1958, Smiths Aviation and Smiths Marine were organised as separate divisions. During that same year, the business acquired a majority stake in Portland Plastics; the firm would become the foundations of Smiths Medical Systems division.

In 1960, the company formed a new Industrial division, the principal focus of which was the development and production of industrial instrumentation. As a measure to reflect its increasing diversification and international operations, the name Smiths Industries Ltd was adopted for the company in 1967. At the time of this name change, the company's advertised product range comprised: automotive – aerospace – marine – building – medical – clocks – watches – appliance controls – industrial instruments – ceramics – electronics.

By the late 1970s, the markets for clocks, watches, and automotive instruments had progressively decreased to the point where little of Smith's revenue came from these sources. The importance of the UK market was also diminishing for the company; by the early 1980s, 40 per cent of Smith Industry's profits were attributed to its overseas markets. In line with these business trends, the company embarked on a further round of restructuring during this period, leading to the adoption of a decentralised structure and looser management style.

During 1983, Smiths Industries decided to cease its involvement as a direct supplier of Europe's automotive industry, selling on its automotive instrument division; the division was initially acquired by Lucas and subsequently by the factory employees themselves. They formed a new company, Caerbont Automotive Instruments, which has continued to produce classic Smiths-branded instruments for decades with the blessing of Smiths Group plc.

In 1984, Smiths Industries was reorganised into three principal operating divisions: Industrial, Medical Systems, and Aerospace and Defence. To strengthen and grow these division, the company proceeded with multiple acquisitions throughout the late 1980s and 1990s. In 1987, Smiths Industries purchased Lear Siegler Holdings Corp, an American avionics specialist; during 1994, Deltec, an American medical devices business, was also acquired by the firm.

21st century
On 30 November 2000, the company's name was changed to Smiths Group plc. On 4 December 2000, it was announced that Smiths had completed a merger with TI Group, which held interests in aerospace, industrial seals and automotive parts. During the following year, Smiths Group transferred its newly acquired automotive business into a separate corporate entity, creating TI Automotive, ahead of plans to dispose of it. In July 2002, Smiths Group established a fourth division, Smiths Detection, which specialised in producing sensors and other equipment for the detection of weapons, explosives, contraband, and various hazardous substances.

At the start of the 2000s, Smith's aerospace subsidiary, Smiths Aerospace, was a growing sector of the group; it supplied both military and civilian aerospace markets, having deliberately aimed for a 50/50 split between the two sectors. By 2002, roughly half of the division's revenue was reportedly being sourced from the North American market. Historically, Smiths Group was positioned as a first-tier aerospace supplier, frequently seeking out relevant acquisition opportunities to further its presence in the field. In October 2004, Smiths Aerospace purchased Integrated Aerospace, an American equipment supplier. In early 2007, GE Aviation, a division of American conglomerate General Electric, announced that it was acquiring Smiths Aerospace for US$4.8 billion. Smiths Group stated that it chose to sell its aerospace division, which was profitable at the time, in order to invest in other areas of the business. This transference of ownership required approval from anti-trust regulators in both Europe and the US.

In September 2011, Smiths Group acquired the American-based power technology enterprise, Power Holdings Inc., for £145 million. On 21 April 2016, it was announced that Smiths Group was in the process of acquiring Morpho Detection LLC, a US-based subsidiary of Safran; it was integrated into the Smiths Detection division.

During the 2010s, Smiths Group substantially ramped up investment in its research and development programmes. As a part of these efforts, it has established a Digital Forge in California. By 2018, the company was reportedly deriving 15 per cent of its income from its new product development efforts; management has stated their intention for 40 per cent of future revenue to be gained through such sources.

In January 2022, ICU Medical completed the acquisition of the medical division of Smiths Group.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the company continued to operate in Russia through its subsidiary John Crane Iskra LLC, which is 50% owned by the Smiths Group.

Smiths Group provided components for the landing of the Chandrayaan-3 mission on the dark side of the moon in August 2023.

Operations
Smiths Group is organised into four separate divisions, namely:

Smiths Detection
Smiths Detection designs and manufactures sensors that detect and identify explosives, weapons, chemical agents, biohazards, nuclear and radioactive material, narcotics and contraband. These sensors are widely used in airports, cargo screening at ports and borders, in government buildings and other critical infrastructure, as well as by the military and emergency responder services. Smiths Detection is the world's largest manufacturer of products in this sector.

John Crane
John Crane provides products and services for the major process industries, including the oil and gas, power generation, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper and mining sectors.

Smiths Interconnect
Smiths Interconnect designs and manufactures electronic components, subsystems, microwave and radio frequency products that connect, protect and control critical systems in the defence, aerospace, communications and industrial markets.

Flex-Tek
Flex-Tek supplies engineered components that heat and move fluids and gases for the aerospace, medical, industrial, construction and domestic appliance markets.

Management
In 2015, Smiths appointed Andrew Reynolds Smith its CEO. Smith replaced Philip Bowman. Immediately before joining Smiths, Smith was CEO of GKN Automotive. In May 2021, Smiths appointed Paul Keel as its CEO, replacing Andrew Reynolds Smith. Prior to joining Smiths, Keel was Group President of 3M's Consumer Division Group. In March 2024, Roland Carter replaced Keel as CEO: Carter had worked at the company for over 30 years and was previously President of Smiths Detection and Smiths Interconnect.

title: Smiths Group


text:
User:StephanieDeardenMCP

Stephanie Dearden MCP 14 Effort Street Tooting LONDON SW17 0QR

MAIN WEBSITE

PRESS ARTICLES

This is posted by the real Stephanie Dearden MCP Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Spokeswoman for Tooting

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:StephanieDeardenMCP


text:
User talk:Cornince

Welcome!

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:39, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Stroke Order
Hi, I reverted your change to this article. I'm not sure if you misunderstood what is written, but it is definitely correct as it was (left then right then middle/bottom). Let me know if you have any questions. Akihabara 11:15, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Well, I was thinking of Kanji like chika(ku), where you start with the upper right part, then you work with the enclosure starting on the left. Perhaps my knowledge isn't as great? Cornince 11:32, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

You're right about that character, but the sentence in question is talking about three-part kanji; two such kanji are given as examples in the sentence. Akihabara 11:34, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Pajamas Media
Hi. I've just moved the text you recently added to our Pajamas Media article to it's talk page for discussion: see Talk:Pajamas Media. Please comment on my suggested changes and on whether (and, if so, how) we should cover this stuff in the article. Best wishes, CWC 07:14, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Binomial identities
Howdy. This comment is in response to this edit, where you mention the binomial identities
 * $$ \sum_{k=1}^{n} {k} {n \choose k} = {n} 2^{n-1} \qquad(6)$$

and
 * $$ \sum_{j=0}^{k} (-1)^j{n \choose j} = (-1)^k{{n-1} \choose k}. \qquad(11)$$

requesting proofs or sources of proofs.

The first formula is actually proved in the article — it's just extremely terse. I'll explain what's going on in the proof here, then give a proof of the second formula. I think the current proof of the first formula is the right size for an encyclopedia article. See the References section of the article for possible links to proofs.

First of all, let's look at what the article says:

 * The formula
 * $$ \sum_{k=1}^{n} {k} {n \choose k} = {n} 2^{n-1} \qquad(6)$$
 * follows from expansion (2), after differentiating with respect to either x or y and then substituting x = y = 1.

Expansion (2) is the binomial theorem:
 * $$ (x+y)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} {n \choose k} x^{n-k} y^k. \qquad (2) $$

If we differentiate the left-hand side of (2) with respect to y, we get
 * $$ \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x+y)^n = n(x+y)^{n-1},$$

while if we differentiate the right-hand side with respect to y, we get
 * $$ \sum_{k=0}^n {n \choose k} x^{n-k}\frac{\partial}{\partial y}[y^k] = \sum_{k=1}^n {n \choose k} x^{n-k} k y^{k-1}.$$

Notice that the term with no y in it drops out, so the summation ends up going from k = 1 to k = n. Thus by differentiating both sides of expansion (2) with respect to the same variable y, we get the new equality
 * $$n(x+y)^{n-1} = \sum_{k=1}^n {n \choose k} x^{n-k} k y^{k-1} \qquad(2')$$

Substituting x = y = 1 throughout gives
 * $$n 2^{n-1} = \sum_{k=1}^n {n \choose k} k,$$

which is precisely identity (6).

The proof of identity (11) is based on the fact that the alternating sum of binomial coefficients is zero:
 * $$0 = (1 + (-1))^n = \sum_{j=0}^n (-1)^j {n \choose j} \qquad(\alpha)$$

combined with Pascal's rule:
 * $$ {n \choose k} + {n \choose k+1} = {n+1 \choose k+1} \qquad (3) $$

We can rewrite (α) as the identity
 * $$\sum_{j=0}^k (-1)^j {n \choose j} = \sum_{j=k+1}^n (-1)^{j+1} {n \choose j} \qquad(\beta)$$

By applying Pascal's rule we can reduce the right-hand side of (β) to the right-hand side of identity (11).

First we can reindex the right-hand side of (β):
 * $$\sum_{j=k+1}^n (-1)^{j+1} {n \choose j} = \sum_{j=0}^{n-k-1} (-1)^{j+k} {n \choose j+k+1}$$

Applying Pascal's rule gives
 * $$\sum_{j=k+1}^n (-1)^{j+1} {n \choose j} = \sum_{j=0}^{n-k-1} (-1)^{j+k} \left[ {n-1 \choose j+k} + {n-1 \choose j+k+1} \right].$$

The thing to notice here is that we are summing a telescoping sequence. The middle terms appear once with positive sign and once with negative sign. So only the extreme terms are left:
 * $$\sum_{j=0}^{n-k-1} (-1)^{j+k} \left[ {n-1 \choose j+k} + {n-1 \choose j+k+1} \right] = (-1)^k {n-1\choose k} + (-1)^n{n-1 \choose n} = (-1)^k {n-1\choose k},$$

the last step following because there are zero ways to choose n out of n - 1 objects.

Piecing together the chain of equalities gives the result
 * $$\sum_{j=0}^k (-1)^j {n \choose j} = (-1)^k {n-1\choose k},$$

which is the same as identity (11) in the article.

I didn't mean for this comment to be quite so long. If you have any questions, just ask, either here or on my talk page. Michael Slone (talk) 08:09, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Response
Thank you so much for your help. Is it possible you can also help me with proving $$n \ge 0, \quad \sum_{k=0}^{n} (-1)^k {n \choose k} (n-k)^n = n!$$ ?

Using induction, I’ve gotten (opening the binomial coefficient):

$$(n+1)n! = (n+1)\sum_{k=0}^{n} (-1)^k \left [ \dfrac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \right ] (n-k)^n$$

Multiplying in the n+1 to the n! and multiplying the function by k+1/k+1 putting the bottom into the k! and closing the binomial coefficient:

$$= \sum_{k=0}^{n} (-1)^k {n+1 \choose k+1} (k+1) (n-k)^n$$

Reindexing the sum:

$$= \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} (-1)^{k-1} {n+1 \choose k} k [n-(k-1)]^n$$

n-(k-1) becomes n+1-k and then I multiply the function by -1/-1 and put the top -1 into the (-1)^(k-1) and the bottom -1 into the k(n+1-k)^n and then I add and subtract (n+1)(n+1-k)^n:

$$= \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} (-1)^k {n+1 \choose k} [-k(n+1-k)^n + (n+1)(n+1-k)^n - (n+1)(n+1-k)^n]$$

Adding the first 2 terms together to make (n+1-k)(n+1-k)^n or (n+1-k)^(n+1) and then separating the rest creating 2 separate sums:

$$= \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} (-1)^k {n+1 \choose k} (n+1-k)^{n+1} - (n+1) \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} (-1)^k {n+1 \choose k} (n+1-k)^n$$

Now, I’m back to square one in trying to prove that

$$- (n+1) \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} (-1)^k {n+1 \choose k} (n+1-k)^n = (n+1)^{n+1}$$

Is it possible you can provide some assistance in this regard? Thanks. ^_^ Cornince (talk)

 * Try to prove the stronger claim
 * $$\sum_{k=0}^n (-1)^k {n \choose k} (x-k)^n = n!$$.
 * If you interpret the left-hand side properly, the induction will be almost automatic. Michael Slone (talk) 03:39, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

I'm sorry, I'm not even sure where to begin with this. I was able to get to the below, using the binomial theorem: $$\sum_{k=0}^n \sum_{j=0}^n {n \choose k} {n \choose j} (-1)^{k+j} x^{n-j} k^j = n!$$ But beyond that, I'm not quite sure, where to go, other than multiply both sides by (n+1) and try to manipulate the form of the left side to the n+1 of the original. Thank you for helping me so far; please give me the slightest nudge in some direction. ^_^ Cornince 07:26, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It is likely to be difficult to prove your claim directly from the binomial theorem. Instead, I suggest looking into the calculus of finite differences.  For example, if f(x) is a function, then
 * $$\nabla f(x) = f(x) - f(x-1)$$,
 * $$\nabla^2 f(x) = f(x) - 2f(x-1) + f(x-2)$$,
 * $$\nabla^3 f(x) = f(x) - 3f(x-1) + 3f(x-2) - f(x-3),$$
 * See the pattern? Verify that this pattern works for all n, then compare it to the left-hand side of the equation you're trying to prove.  What should f(x) be? Michael Slone (talk) 08:22, 3 December 2007 (UTC)
 * See the pattern? Verify that this pattern works for all n, then compare it to the left-hand side of the equation you're trying to prove.  What should f(x) be? Michael Slone (talk) 08:22, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, let me answer your quesetion, f(x) would be xn, right? Cornince (talk) 01:00, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, that is correct. Michael Slone (talk) 02:30, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, now I wonder how in induction using what you showed, I would get xn changed to xn+1? I'm still not quite seeing how to go about this, or even where to start. Cornince (talk) 03:03, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

OLD (Please look at post immediately above this.)
Thank you for continuing to look at this. I had been thinking about something similar to the difference operator. I used a you notation (用) function z(x), to which 用(m,0) = z(m), and the recurrence relation would be 用(m,n+1) = 用(m+1,n) - 用(m,n) for n >= 0. (An example is that 用(m,1) = 用(m+1,0) - 用(m,0) = z(m+1) - z(m).) This I think is the same as the forward difference operator. I proved the form of the particular equation you're mentioning (which I find is called the binomial transform) here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cornince/no2

(Look at the top equation.) In this I demonstrated that the equation in question has the same recurrence relation as the you notation. A quick look at case n=0 for both would also demonstrate that they both have the same starting place.

I did look at it for this in proving the case that where z(a) = (x - a)^n (or your f(x)) then it comes to n!. But the issue is one of raising the power of the function as you raise the number of items. Like, for example, if I wanted to use induction to get from (2)^2 - 2(1)^2 + (0)^2 to (3)^3 - 3(2)^3 + (1)^3 - (0)^3, I know how to use the difference operator to get the extra item and the binomial coefficients changed to the 3rd row, but by which means would the power of 2 be raised to 3 through induction? Cornince (talk) 04:21, 5 December 2007 (UTC) (this was cornince typing the response)

FYI
I saw this addition to (one of) your subpage(s) by an IP user and I wanted to let you know about it in case you didn't want it there. Regards. Thingg ⊕ ⊗ 16:45, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Thanks. That was me from a different computer, where I probably forgot to log in. ^_^ Cornince (talk) 19:47, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of May 2010 Tennessee floods

The article May 2010 Tennessee floods has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * This is not a major flood. Fails WP:NOT.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Joe Chill (talk) 21:02, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

News events
For information on what is a major flood, read here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_%28events%29

Articles for deletion nomination of May 2010 Tennessee floods
I have nominated May 2010 Tennessee floods, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/May 2010 Tennessee floods. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Joe Chill (talk) 19:54, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

ITN for May 2010 Tennessee floods
-- HJ Mitchell |  Penny for your thoughts?   15:16, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Merger proposal
''You are receiving this because you have commented on either Autogynephilia, Homosexual transsexual, or Blanchard, Bailey, and Lawrence theory in the past two years; all such commenters have received this notice. It has been proposed to merge these three articles to eliminate WP:Redundancy, WP:UNDUE, WP:POV, and to keep the focus on the specific Blanchardian theory of M2F transsexuality (in contrast to Transsexual sexuality, which would be to focus on the subject in general). Please feel free to comment on the proposal at Talk:Autogynephilia.'' -- 70.57.222.103 (talk) 20:08, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Talkback
Lova Falk    talk   20:27, 1 December 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:57, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cornince


text:
User talk:Foo415

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:40, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Foo415


text:
User talk:Airportmatt

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:40, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Airportmatt


text: Category:Lists of people by epithet

title: Category:Lists of people by epithet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dinar-Haut

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE and REDIRECT: 3mr, 1d. I figured there was no harm in merging despite the specific redirect votes; the target article does not currently contain this information which is clearly relevant. -Splash 21:24, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Dinar-Haut
Currency of an appearent micronation. Does not seem notable. Gwk 23:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect to Biffeche; this is a real entity, not someone's vanity "micronation" nonsense. However, it's better covered in the context of the parent article. CDC   (talk)  05:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Biffeche. JamesBurns 09:44, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Biffeche. Dcarrano 17:27, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:62.116.121.242

title: User talk:62.116.121.242


text:
User talk:Johnny Pez

Welcome!
Hi,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! I hope you like this place — I sure do — and want to stay. Before getting too in-depth, you may want to read about the five pillars of Wikipedia. If you need help on how to title new articles check out the naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and the FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my user talk page. ---

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Earth is Room Enough
Can I ask why you created the page and then blanked it? --Bachrach44 15:36, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I accidentally created a duplicate of the Earth Is Room Enough page with a lower-case "I", then tried to delete it when I realized what had happened. If you can make Earth is Room Enough go away, please do. Johnny Pez 16:15, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
 * If you do create a page with a wrong-case title, it's often a good idea to turn it into a REDIRECT. After all, it's likely someone else will make the same mistake in looking for the real page, so you might as well give them a hand. Djdaedalus 01:30, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Good idea. Done. Johnny Pez 09:44, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Isaac Asimov Stories
Thanks for the note. I've been reading Asimov for over 40 years - I think I was about 12 when I read the Foundation Trilogy, and I know I read some stuff before that. I originally thought of doing "The Dead Past" but found it already done, and quite well, so I figured as long as I was in the neighborhood....  I also made contributions to "The End of Eternity" a while ago. I think I've got the Kage Baker concession pretty much nailed down...just waiting for the next Company novel to come out so I can write that up as well. 01:30, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Drowned Baby Timeline
Hi. I really enjoyed reading your "Drowned Baby Timeline" article - after I read it I went and read the original timeline but I think your article complemented it very well, with the map and the easy to follow summary of events. It's now been deleted though, although I think it still exists on a mirror site, Reference.com, without the map. Would you consider either putting it back on Wikipedia or putting in on the Alternate History Wiki? And if you did, could you update it to go past 1944 (I think that was where your article ended). I thought it was great. Akiyama

 * Thanks. I will be adding the DBTL to the Alternate History Wiki at some point, though it'll take some time to get it into shape.  Stay tuned. Johnny Pez 02:53, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

soc.history.what-if
Apologies to throw something unexpected at you.

I suspect you may have better recollections of shwi than I do, as I haven't followed it for a couple of years. Someone's recently been editing the article with paroxyms of praise for John Freck, among others - and inter alia insisting Chet Arthur is a sockpuppet of Coyu, which made me a little suspicious - but despite calls for citations they keep coming back.

Apparently John Freck's contributions "required a dramatic increase in historical knowledge [in the group". This does, er, not entirely square with what I remember reading. Could you take a look at the recent edits, in case it's just me being completely out of whack? Shimgray | talk | 17:15, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for having a look. I confess my theory was BernardZ - the IP uses the charming term "sockets", which a quick googlegroups search suggested was one of his more unusual phrases - but either way it's the same problem. Hopefully they'll restrict their alternate history of alternate history to the talkpage now it's being watched... Shimgray | talk | 15:55, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * To my undying amusement - and annoyance - it turns out that our friend happens to be posting from the same IP as BernardZ. What're the odds? I've reverted his edits and asked him to provide some support for any further changes he makes - he's currently rambling on a tangent about "interestingness". Shimgray | talk | 23:23, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:LuckyStarr6.jpg
Hello, Johnny Pez. An automated process has found and will an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that is in your userspace. The image (Image:LuckyStarr6.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Johnny Pez/Sandbox4. This image or media will be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. This does not necessarily mean that the image is being deleted, or that the image is being removed from other pages. It is only being removed from the page mentioned above. All mainspace instances of this image will not be affected Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 19:15, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Nice work!
I like the work you've done on Asimov's Lucky Starr novels and the planetary short stories of Stanley Weinbaum; they've been very helpful as I try to improve the article Solar System in fiction by collecting examples of science fiction primarily set in the solar system. I set up an umbrella article for the Weinbaum solar system stories under the title of Planetary series, but as I only have about half of Weinbaum's stories I'm unable to doublecheck all the information there. I wonder if you could take a look? RandomCritic 15:03, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:LuckyStarr.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:LuckyStarr.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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WP AH
Zombie Hunter Smurf (talk) 20:51, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Opus 100
Template:Opus 100 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Hullaballoo Wolfowitz (talk) 15:54, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Astonishing Stories Cover December 1940.jpg
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Possibly unfree File:Astonishing Stories Cover April 1941.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image File:LuckyStarr1.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:LuckyStarr1.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 09:26, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johnny Pez


text:
User talk:Roenigk

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:42, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Roenigk


text:
User talk:Alexpinna

Welcome
Welcome Alexpinna, I noticed you were working on the Smirnoff article. When you are playing around with an edit the best thing to do is use the 'Show Preview' button. It means you can ensure you are happy with something before you commit it. Otherwise the page history gets a bit difficult to follow. Enjoy the wiki! Any questions, you can get me on my talk page. SeanMack 14:06, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No worries! As they say here.... I've just nicked someone elses welcome message to get you a few links. Most times an old hand will give you a start like this, I'm not here that long myself so I haven't created one of these yet - but I must sort something like that out... For me to do that I just typed onto your page and the server substitutes the welcome message below:

__________borrowed message__________

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

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 * there are lots of shortcuts etc once you get going... Gimme a shout if you need pointed in any directions. Regards SeanMack 14:31, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Thomas Lynch (poet)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Thomas Lynch (poet), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? -- Kevin (talk) 21:54, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexpinna


text:
User:Zippydeedoodah

Hey'all, in a Texan kinda way.

Jus'havin some fun ...  an' grits  ...  zip.

title: User:Zippydeedoodah


text:
User:Lifeisunfair/12.144.5.2

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title: User:Lifeisunfair/12.144.5.2


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Only a Northern Song

"Only a Northern Song" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1969 soundtrack album Yellow Submarine. Written by George Harrison, it was the first of four songs the band provided for the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine, to meet their contractual obligations to United Artists. The song was recorded mainly in February 1967, during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, but the Beatles chose not to include it on that album. The group completed the recording two months later, straight after finishing work on Sgt. Pepper.

Harrison wrote "Only a Northern Song" out of dissatisfaction with his status as a junior songwriter with the Beatles' publishing company, Northern Songs. The lyrics and music convey his disenchantment at how the company retained the copyright for the songs it published, and at how, following its public listing in 1965, the major shareholders profited more from his compositions than he did. The recording features a Hammond organ, played by Harrison, and an overdubbed montage of assorted sounds including trumpet blasts and spoken voices, anticipating John Lennon's 1968 sound collage "Revolution 9". Due to the difficulty in assembling the completed track from two tape sources, "Only a Northern Song" remained a rare song from the Beatles' post-1963 catalogue that was unavailable in true stereo until 1999. That year, it was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack.

The song has received a varied response from reviewers; while Ian MacDonald dismisses the track as a "self-indulgent dirge", the website Ultimate Classic Rock identifies it as one of the Beatles' best works in the psychedelic genre. A version of the song with a different vocal part, and omitting the sound collage overdubs, was issued on the Beatles' 1996 outtakes compilation Anthology 2. Gravenhurst and Yonder Mountain String Band are among the artists who have covered "Only a Northern Song".

Background and inspiration
George Harrison said that the subject matter for "Only a Northern Song" related to both his city of birth, Liverpool, in Merseyside, and the fact that the copyright for the composition belonged to the Beatles' publishing company, Northern Songs. Author Brian Southall describes the song as Harrison's "personal denunciation of the Beatles' music publishing business", given his disadvantageous position with Northern Songs. The company was floated on the London Stock Exchange in February 1965, as a means of saving John Lennon and Paul McCartney, the Beatles' principal songwriters, the tax liability generated through the international success of their catalogue. Harrison had formed his own publishing company, Harrisongs, in late 1964; despite the financial advantages offered by his 80 per cent stake in that company, he agreed to remain with Northern Songs, to aid the flotation scheme. Among the four Beatles, Lennon and McCartney were major shareholders in Northern Songs, each owning 15 per cent of the public company's shares, and the pair earned considerable wealth over the first year of the flotation. Harrison and Ringo Starr, as contracted songwriters, owned 0.8 per cent each. This arrangement ensured that, in addition to the company retaining the copyright of all its published songs, Lennon and McCartney profited more from Harrison's compositions than he did.

When discussing the song in two late 1990s interviews with Billboard editor-in-chief Timothy White, Harrison commented that the main target of his complaints was Dick James, the managing director of Northern Songs. Having been signed by James in 1963, at the age of twenty, Harrison said that the publisher had failed to explain that by signing the contract, he was also signing away the ownership of his compositions. Harrison added that he only understood the consequences after the 1965 flotation, when the major shareholders were "making all this money out of this catalog". With reference to the Rutles' 1978 parody of the Beatles' history, All You Need Is Cash, he also told White: "I think [the message behind 'Only a Northern Song'] was put better in the make-believe TV documentary … where it said, 'Dick Jaws, an out-of-work music publisher of no fixed ability' signed them up for the rest of their lives."

In author Ian MacDonald's estimation, "Only a Northern Song" suggests that Harrison "had yet to recover his enthusiasm for being a Beatle" after he had threatened to leave the group following their final concert tour, in August 1966. Before the band regrouped in November that year to begin recording their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Harrison spent six weeks in India with his sitar teacher, Ravi Shankar, a visit that heightened his lack of interest in the Beatles' project. MacDonald considers that Harrison's link with northern England in "Only a Northern Song" was influenced by the Beatles working on songs about growing up in Liverpool, which was the concept under consideration at the start of the Sgt. Pepper sessions.

Composition and musical structure
Harrison wrote "Only a Northern Song" on a Hammond organ, which became his preferred instrument for songwriting during 1967, replacing the guitar. The song is in the key of A major, although MacDonald gives B minor as a secondary key. The opening organ part ends with a preview of the melody over which the song title appears in the song proper. After this short introduction, the composition is structured into two portions, each consisting of two verses and a chorus, which are followed by a single verse, a final chorus and an outro, with some of these sections rendered as instrumental passages.

The composition is a meta-song, in that its subject is the work itself. While commenting on the pointlessness of writing for Northern Songs, Harrison employs sarcasm and musical dissonance to express his dissatisfaction with the company. In musicologist Walter Everett's description, this is achieved musically through the use of "ill-behaved tones" and "wrong-mode" chords.

From the verse's opening A major chord, the melody moves to a ii minor voicing, rendered as B minor 7/11 through the inclusion of a low-register E note. In his lyrics, Harrison acknowledges the apparent awkwardness of such a change, singing "You may think the chords are going wrong" and, in the final verse, that the harmony "might be a little dark and out of key". Musicologist Alan Pollack considers the song's music and lyrical message to be "uncannily in tune" with one another, and that this effect is accentuated by surprising and irregular phrase-lengths in the verses.

In contrast to the minimal chord changes over the verses, the choruses present a fast progression of chords – specifically, E major, B minor 7, G major, C♯7 and F♯7. In the first chorus, Harrison comments that, given the inadequacy of his publishing arrangement, "It doesn't really matter what chords I play". Author Ian Inglis interprets this line as mirroring the singer's complaint to Beatles biographer Hunter Davies in the late 1960s, regarding the futility of the band's live performances when their screaming fans never listened to the music the Beatles were playing. Harrison biographer Simon Leng describes "Only a Northern Song" as the first example of its composer "pushing back at the Beatles as an organization he found wanting", a theme Harrison returned to in 1968 with "Not Guilty", with his comments on the group's internal discord.

Recording
The Beatles taped the basic track for "Only a Northern Song" at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) on 13 February 1967, during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. As was typical with his new compositions, Harrison had yet to give the song a title, so it was referred to as "Not Known". The line-up on the track was Harrison on organ, Lennon on tambourine, McCartney on bass and Starr on drums. The band recorded nine takes of the song before selecting take 3 for further work. The following day, the studio engineers carried out three reduction mixes of this performance onto fresh 4-track tapes. On what was now called take 12 (the third of the reduction mixes), Harrison filled the two available tracks with his lead vocals.

The song was disliked by the Beatles' producer, George Martin, who later said it was his least favourite song of Harrison's. The band were similarly unenthusiastic and it was decided to omit the song from the album. As his sole writing contribution to Sgt. Pepper, Harrison instead offered the Indian-styled "Within You Without You", which, in Martin's recollection, was welcomed with "a bit of a relief all round". "Only a Northern Song" then became the first track the group supplied for the soundtrack to the Yellow Submarine animated film, in line with their contractual obligation to United Artists to provide four new songs. Described by Beatles historian Mark Lewisohn as a "myth", a story later circulated that Harrison had rush-written the composition for United Artists in early 1968, after Al Brodax, the film's producer, approached the band for a final song.

Overdubbing
The group returned to take 3 of "Only a Northern Song" on 20 April, a day when members of the Yellow Submarine production team visited them in the studio. The band started working on the song less than 45 minutes after completing the final mixing on Sgt. Pepper, demonstrating what Lewisohn terms a "tremendous appetite" to continue recording.

Retaining the organ and drum tracks, they overdubbed a new bass guitar part and, on a separate track, trumpet, glockenspiel and vocalised sounds. A second 4-track tape recorder was used, so allowing the various instrumental parts and studio effects to be spread across eight available channels. On this machine, the band worked on the second reduction-mix tape from 14 February, known as take 11, from which they wiped all the previously recorded tracks except the Hammond organ part. Harrison then recorded two tracks of vocal, one of which included more trumpet from McCartney and further vocalised sounds, while the final track was filled with timpani, Mellotron, piano and more organ. The presence of Harrison's original Hammond part on both of the tapes ensured that the instrument had a more substantial sound in the mix.

The Beatles performed many of the overdubs in a haphazard manner. Tom Maginnis of AllMusic describes the completed track as "heavily steeped in the psychedelic sounds of the period, using liberal amounts of loose instrumentation", particularly "chaotic bursts of trumpet". According to Pollack, these additions constitute a "noise track", which further heightens the theme of discordance, and is used to fill the song's instrumental sections, becoming especially prominent during the outro. With its inclusion of random sounds and spoken voices, Inglis cites the sound collage effect as a precedent for Lennon's 1968 avant-garde track "Revolution 9" and an early example of electronic music.

Mixing
On 21 April, the Beatles completed a mono mix of the song for its inclusion in Yellow Submarine. Due to the difficulty in getting the two 4-track machines to play at exactly the same time, attempts at creating a stereo equivalent were abandoned.

In October 1968, while preparing the Yellow Submarine soundtrack album for release, EMI's engineers created a duophonic (or mock-stereo) mix of "Only a Northern Song" from the mono mix. The monaural version of the album, which was originally available only in the UK, similarly used a suboptimal version of the recording. In this case, as with the three other new songs presented to United Artists, the engineers combined the two channels from the duophonic mix, rather than use the true mono mix from April 1967.

Appearance in Yellow Submarine film
The Beatles had minimal involvement in the making of Yellow Submarine, leaving the production to Brodax's company King Features Syndicate. The film-makers drew heavily on the Sgt. Pepper concept, the Beatles' association with Liverpool, and other aspects of their public image. While the project's art design was carried out by a team led by Heinz Edelmann, sequences such as "Eleanor Rigby" and "Only a Northern Song" were created by outside animators, ensuring stylistic variation across the film.

"Only a Northern Song" plays over a scene when the yellow submarine travels through the Sea of Science, during the Beatles' quest to free Pepperland and the imprisoned Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band from the music-hating Blue Meanies. The recording was slowed down by a semitone for inclusion in the film. Referring to the psychedelic imagery in the animation, author Stephen Glynn says that this segment "only 'makes sense' when read as attempting an audio-visual recreation of the hallucinogenic state". Jeremiah Massengale, an academic in the field of visual communication, highlights the sequence as one of many technical innovations introduced by the 1968 film, saying: "accompanying multi-colored, square portrait paintings of the Beatles during 'Only a Northern Song', there's a creative use of an oscillator picking out the sound waves of the track."

In his book The Beatles Movies, Bob Neaverson says that the segment arguably represents the best example of the film's adoption of the psychedelic iconography typical of 1960s underground poster art. He describes it as a "simulated 'trip' sequence" and adds, "Here, bright strobes of alternating primary colour and close-ups of the Beatles' ears attached to frequency monitors emphasize a higher reality than that of the objective world and, in the employment of irrational imagery and a visceral onslaught of 'mind-blowing' colour, attempt to simulate a hypnotic 'psych-out' of epic proportions." Glynn cites the drug-inspired imagery of "Only a Northern Song" and two other song sequences as the true reason that Rank pulled Yellow Submarine from its UK cinema run, rather than the company's official reasoning that the film had performed poorly at the box office.

The segment was among the clips shown in a feature about Yellow Submarine on the television show How It Is. Produced by Tony Palmer and including portions of the stage play based on Lennon's book In His Own Write, the show was broadcast on BBC1 two days after the film's world premiere in London, on 19 July 1968. By the early 21st century, "Only a Northern Song" was the only music clip from the How It Is broadcast circulating among collectors.

Release and reception
The film soundtrack was viewed as a secondary work by the Beatles, who delayed its release to allow for their 1968 self-titled double album (also known as the "White Album"). On 13 January 1969, "Only a Northern Song" was issued as the second track on side one of the Yellow Submarine LP, with George Martin's orchestral score for the film occupying the whole of side two. Although Harrison's contract with James had expired in March 1968, the copyright for "Only a Northern Song" and his second contribution to the film, "It's All Too Much", remained with Northern Songs rather than being assigned to Harrisongs as his four White Album compositions had been. The song's release coincided with a period of acrimony between Dick James and the Beatles, particularly Lennon and McCartney, about whom Lewisohn writes: "If John and Paul still thought they owned their songs [following the flotation of Northern Songs] they were deluding themselves." In March 1969, having become wary of the disharmony within the band and the problems affecting their Apple Corps business empire, James sold his majority shareholding in Northern Songs to Lew Grade's ATV Music, thereby selling on the ownership of the Beatles catalogue.

In a contemporary review of Yellow Submarine, Beat Instrumental lamented that it offered little new material by the band, but described "Only a Northern Song" and "It's All Too Much" as "superb pieces" that "redeem" side one. Record Mirror's reviewer said that whereas most of the songs were "simple Beatles stuff", "Only a Northern Song" appeared to be a "technical experiment in how many off-key variations on a solid background tune one can get in, [while] still maintaining a reasonable amount of finesse – and it comes off very well". Recalling the release in his 1977 book The Beatles Forever, however, Nicholas Schaffner dismissed the track as one of the "trifling baubles" the Beatles provided for the film. While adhering to Brodax's account of the song's creation, NME critic Bob Woffinden found "considerable merit" in "Only a Northern Song", and said that Harrison's divergence from his usual, methodical approach to songwriting was one he should pursue more often.

In January 1996, the song was issued as the B-side to "It's All Too Much" on a blue-vinyl jukebox single, as part of a series of Beatles releases by Capitol Records' CEMA Special Markets division. By 1999, "Only a Northern Song" remained one of only two post-1963 Beatles songs not to have been made available in true stereo (the other being "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)"). That year, a stereo version became available when the track was remixed for inclusion on the album Yellow Submarine Songtrack, which accompanied the DVD re-release of the animated film. Harrison was the most active of the former Beatles in promoting the 1999 reissue, which he said was timely, given that the Blue Meanies "have got a bigger stranglehold on the planet right now than they ever had back in 1967!" He added that "even the music industry has turned grey and is dominated by Blue Meanies."

Retrospective assessment and legacy
Writing for Billboard in 2001, Bill Holland grouped "Only a Northern Song" with the Byrds' "So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star" and early-1970s releases by the Kinks and Joni Mitchell, as songs that constitute the first wave of musical statements in which artists "accuse or indict their industry's business policies". Ian Inglis views "Only a Northern Song" as the Beatles' "first 'postmodern' song", due to the "deliberate ironic intent" evident in the subject matter and in the use of tape effects and scattered conversation.

As with most of the Beatles' post-Sgt. Pepper 1967 recordings, their contributions to Yellow Submarine have traditionally been held in low regard by the band's biographers. Mark Lewisohn describes the group's 20 April overdubs on "Only a Northern Song" as "a curious session" and writes that their work over this period "display[s] a startling lack of cohesion and enthusiasm". Mark Hertsgaard considers that "Only a Northern Song" was "understandably … rejected as not good enough for Sgt. Pepper". Ian MacDonald views it as "dismal", a "self-indulgent dirge", and the Beatles' first "consciously slovenly" recording.

In his book Psychedelia and Other Colours, Rob Chapman says that "Only a Northern Song" is one of the "most misunderstood and maligned" Beatles tracks, and that analyses such as MacDonald's miss "vital nuances", including a transcendent quality beyond Harrison's sarcasm over his publishing concerns, such that the lyrics reveal as much about the "illusory nature of existence" as Lennon's "Tomorrow Never Knows". Chapman says it would have been a welcome companion to "Within You Without You" on Sgt. Pepper and a counterbalance to the "forced jauntiness" elsewhere on that album. He also recognises the song as the only psychedelic track by the Beatles to fully address "the effect of listening to music on drugs".

Among more recent reviews of Yellow Submarine, Peter Doggett, writing for Mojo, credits Harrison's two compositions with "[doing] much to rescue the album from oblivion", and he describes "Only a Northern Song" as "gloriously ironic". Alex Young of Consequence of Sound views it as "lyrically the quintessential track", since "it perfectly defines Yellow Submarine in two verses alone, while coming out sonically like a Pink Floyd b-side from the Obscured by Clouds sessions ..." By contrast, Mark Kemp of Paste dismisses the song as a "meandering bore". Pitchfork's Mark Richardson says that, like "It's All Too Much", it offers little of interest aside from the "swirling" psychedelic effects, although the song "at least has a good joke going for it".

Writing for Ultimate Classic Rock in 2013, Dave Swanson ranked the track third on his list of the "Top 10 Beatles Psychedelic Songs" (following "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "I Am the Walrus"). He deemed it a "mind-melter" that would have made Sgt. Pepper "even greater" had it been included instead of a song such as "When I'm Sixty Four". In 2006, "Only a Northern Song" was ranked 75th in Mojo's list "The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs", where songwriter Glenn Tilbrook described it as "a wonderfully unexpected tune" with a "lovely ... sardonic lyric" that "could be the inspiration for a thousand Rutles songs". He added: "musically, it's a very literate song. And up against Lennon and McCartney it takes quite a lot of balls to do that."

Other versions
An alternative edit of the song was included on the Beatles' Anthology 2 out-takes compilation in 1996. Slightly sped up, and mixed in stereo, this version comprises the basic track without most of the April 1967 overdubs, and with an alternate vocal take that contains some changes to the lyrics. According to music historian Richie Unterberger, aside from the lyrics, the Anthology 2 version demonstrates that "Only a Northern Song" was "much more like a standard rock song" before "the fanciful overdubs of trumpet and other strained far-outisms".

Coinciding with the popularity of "It's All Too Much" among acid-rock bands of the early 1990s, Sun Dial released a cover of "Only a Northern Song" as the B-side of their 1991 single "Fireball". In 2009, Greg Davis and jazz singer-songwriter Chris Weisman named their psychedelic folk partnership, Northern Songs, after the Beatles track. The pair's 2010 album Northern Songs similarly honoured the song and included a cover version of "It's All Too Much".

When Mojo released the CD Yellow Submarine Resurfaces in July 2012, "Only a Northern Song" was covered by Gravenhurst. Yonder Mountain String Band included the song in their live performances during 2013 and 2015.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:
 * George Harrison – vocals, Hammond organ, additional organ, dialogue, noises
 * John Lennon – glockenspiel, piano, dialogue, noises
 * Paul McCartney – bass guitar, trumpet, noises
 * Ringo Starr – drums, noises
 * uncredited (played by the Beatles) – timpani, Mellotron, additional percussion

title: Only a Northern Song


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Prague 3

Prague 3 (formally the Prague 3 Municipal District, Městská čast Praha 3), is a second-tier municipality in Prague. It is geographically identical to the national administrative district (správní obvod) and city administrative district (městský obvod) of the same name.

The district includes most of the cadastral area of Žižkov and parts of Vinohrady, Vysočany and Strašnice. The district area has remained intact since its creation in 1960.

Like many districts of the city, Prague 3 is socioeconomically diverse. The western part of Žižkov is known for its high concentration of brothels, strip clubs and cheap bars. Yet only a short distance away are nice apartments and a new shopping mall with expensive stores.

Two of Prague's most-visible landmarks are in Prague 3: the National Monument on the Vítkov hill, with its giant equestrian statue of Jan Žižka; and the 216 metre-high Žižkov Tower, Prague's tallest structure. The large Olšany Cemetery take up much of the district. A New Jewish Cemetery nearby, one of two historic Jewish burial places in the district, contains the grave of Bohemian-German writer Franz Kafka.

title: Prague 3


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User talk:Nyeus

Welcome!

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:43, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nyeus


text:
File:Red, King Crimson.jpg

Summary
Cover of the King Crimson album Red, 1974.

title: File:Red, King Crimson.jpg


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Førde Airport

Førde Airport (Førde lufthamn; ) is a regional airport located at Bringelandsåsen in the municipality of Sunnfjord, about 16 km south of the town of Førde in Vestland county, Norway. Owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, the airport has a single 1019 m runway numbered 07–25. It is served by Widerøe, which operates De Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft to Oslo.

Starting in 1970, the town of Førde was served by Førde Airport, Øyrane, located in an industrial site in town and with poor operational conditions. Bringeland was opened in 1986 and the old airport was closed. Bringeland originally consisted of a 859 m runway, but that was lengthened in 2010. Since 1988, the helicopter operator Airlift has also been based at the airport. The airport was originally owned by the municipality, but nationalized in 1996. Bringeland served 82,356 passengers in 2011.

Øyrane
The first plans for an airport serving the Sunnfjord region was in the town of Florø; construction started in 1956, but was halted. A government commission recommended in 1964 that a primary airport be built in Florø serve the entire county. These plans were changed in 1965, following Håkon Kyllingmark being appointed Ministry of Transport. He instead insisted on a network of STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) airports for smaller communities. Førde Airport, Øyrane, was built with such specifications, but Øyrane was an industrial area outside the town center. From 1971 it became part of the regional aviation network in Western Norway.

From before the airport was built it was evident that the Øyrane location was not well suited, and planning of an alternative location began in 1968. The main concern was that the airport lacked an instrument landing system and could thus only be used during daylight hours. The first alternative location proposal was for Langelandsåsen, but the site was discarded by the Civil Aviation Administration (CAA) because of poor weather conditions. Later proposals were Espelandsmyrene and then Alværa on the Sognefjord. By 1972, the CAA had concluded that there probably was not a suitable location for an airport near Førde and recommended that the town instead by served by Florø Airport, located 70 km away.

Construction and operational history
Bringelandsåsen was proposed by the CAA in 1974. Plans were developed and in 1983 the Ministry of Transport and Communications recommended that Øyrane be closed and replaced with an all-new STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) airport at Bringeland. Construction started in 1985 and the new airport opened on 31 August 1986, taking over all scheduled traffic from Øyrane.

Widerøe started scheduled services to Oslo and Bergen, originally using de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and the larger de Havilland Canada Dash 7 STOL aircraft, of which the latter was used for the service to Oslo. The STOL De Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft was phased in from 1993.

The helicopter-based carrier Airlift was established in 1986 and was based at Øyrane until 1988, when it also moved to Bringeland.

The airport was originally owned as an inter-municipal enterprise by Gaular and Førde. Operating deficits were covered through various subsidies from the state, often with unclear responsibilities and little financial risk for the owners. Most regional airports, including Førde, were nationalized in 1996 and transferred to the CAA, later renamed Avinor. Widerøe lost the public service obligation contract to fly to Florø Airport in 2000, and therefore moved its technical base for Western Norway to Førde, which included a new hangar.

Førde Airport had a café until 2006 and originally 859 m runway. In 2009 and 2010, it was expanded with another 160 m to the west. SCAT-I was installed in 2011. The following year, Widerøe regained the Florø contract, and moved its technical base back there.

Facilities
Førde Airport, Bringeland is owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor. The airport has a 1019 by asphalt runway, aligned 07–25. Instrument flight rules are only allowed for aircraft equipped with SCAT-I. The terminal has a small conference center, and the airport is a seventeen-minute drive from Førde. Firda Billag operates an airport coach to Førda, which takes twenty minutes. Paid parking, taxis and car rental is available at the airport. Airlift has its own hangar, helipad and administration buildings.

Airlines and destinations

Widerøe operates all scheduled services out of Førde, connecting it to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. The flights are operated with Dash 8-100 aircraft and are subsidized as part of a public service obligation contract with the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Førde Airport is the local airport for ten municipalities in the Western Norway districts of Sunnfjord and Outer Sogn. The airport had 82,356 passengers, 8,109 aircraft movements and 3 tonnes of cargo in 2014. Less than a fifth of the patronage travels to Bergen, and Førde even experiences some leakage by people driving to Bergen Airport directly.

The helicopter operator Airlift is based at Bringeland; it is the largest employer in Gaular, with 150 employees in 2002. The company flies air ambulance and various charter services. Also at the airport is an aviation club, Fjordane Flyklubb.

Future
Avinor has started a process to look at the airport structure in Sogn og Fjordane. Early plans have looked at closing down Førde Airport, and possibly also Sandane Airport, Anda, while expanding the runway at Florø Airport to 2000 m. This would allow for jetliners to operate from Florø to Oslo with significantly lower ticket prices [not likely with less than 80-120'000 citizens within 50–80 km radius] and remove the need for subsidies. Previously, the Ministry of Transport and Communications has proposed closing Sandane Airport and splitting the traffic between Førde and Ørsta–Volda Airport, Hovden. The road distance from Sandane to Bringeland is 97 km, from Sandane to Florø Airport 93 km (58 mi) and from Førde to Florø Airport 58 km (36 mi).

title: Førde Airport