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Mother-in-Law (song)

"Mother-in-Law" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the Billboard R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.

After several unsuccessful takes, Toussaint balled up the composition and threw it away as he was leaving the room. One of the backup singers, Willie Harper, thought that it was such a good song that he convinced K-Doe to give it one more try.

A cover version by The Newbeats was also included on their 1965 album Big Beat Sounds By The Newbeats.

title: Mother-in-Law (song)


text:
Jetan

Jetan, also known as Martian chess, is a chess variant first published in 1922. It was created by Edgar Rice Burroughs as a game played on Barsoom, his fictional version of Mars. The game was introduced in The Chessmen of Mars, the fifth book in the Barsoom series. Its rules are described in Chapter 2 and in the Appendix of the book, with an actual game partly described in Chapter 17.

Board and pieces
Jetan is played on a black and orange checkered board of 10 by 10, with orange pieces on the "north" side and black pieces on the "south".

Each player has the following playing pieces: one Chief, one Princess, two Fliers; two Dwars (Captains); two Padwars (Lieutenants); two Warriors; two Thoats (Mounted Warriors); and eight Panthans (Mercenaries). The Chief, Princess, Fliers, Dwars, Padwars and Warriors are positioned along the rank closest to the player with the Chief at left center, the Princess at right center, and the Fliers, Dwars, Padwars and Warriors arranged to flank each, with the Fliers innermost and the Warriors outermost. The Thoats and Panthans are positioned along the next rank out from the player with the Thoats flanking the Panthans. The complete arrangement of each side follows:

 * {|class="wikitable"

 * T  ||   p   ||   p   ||   p   ||   p   ||   p   ||   p    ||   p   ||   p   ||   T
 * W  ||   P   ||   D   ||   F   ||   C   ||   P   ||   F   ||   D   ||   P   ||   W
 * }
 * }

There has in the past been considerable confusion regarding the rules of Jetan, but research has shown that most such problems can be cleared up through careful analysis of the text in The Chessmen of Mars. This article is based primarily on the Appendix in The Chessmen of Mars, but takes the abovementioned research into consideration.

Movement
Jetan pieces move one, two or three steps for every move. Two- and three-steppers may change their direction of movement at each step in the course of a move, so long as this is in a direction permitted for that piece. No piece can cross the same square of the board twice during the course of a move. The Princess and the Flier may jump over a piece that is in their path.

A capture is made when a piece lands on a square occupied by an opposing piece with its final step or jump; the Princess may not capture.

The pieces move as follows:
 * Chief: three steps in any direction or combination of directions.
 * This is equivalent to three moves of a chess king, except that it cannot double back and may only capture at the third step.
 * Princess: three steps in any direction or combination of directions; it may jump over other pieces but cannot capture.
 * It may make one ten space "escape" at any time during gameplay, jumping to any unoccupied and unthreatened space on the board.
 * Flier: three steps diagonally; it may jump over other pieces.
 * Per Burroughs, in an older version of Jetan these pieces were called Odwars.
 * Dwar: three steps orthogonally.
 * Padwar: two steps diagonally.
 * Warrior: two steps orthogonally.
 * A quote from Chapter 2 in The Chessmen of Mars that can be interpreted as a different type of move for the Warrior has been shown to be based on a typographical error.
 * Thoat: one orthogonal and one diagonal step.
 * In Chapter 2 of his text, Burroughs mentions that the Thoat can jump, but this is not mentioned in the more detailed Appendix. Most players disregard this.
 * Panthan: one single step forward, sideways or diagonally forward.

By analogy to standard chess, it is assumed that a piece that moves multiple squares can capture an opposing piece only by its move on the opposing piece's square. In other words, a piece can capture only once per turn. Burroughs was explaining his chess rules for an Earth audience familiar with standard chess. He deliberately stated that the Princess and the Flier may jump over a piece that is in their path. The only reasonable interpretation is that the Chief, Dwar, Padwar, and Warrior are by pieces in their path (as are the queen, rook, and bishop in standard chess). It is unreasonable to suppose that Burroughs could have meant that the Flier jumps over intervening pieces while the Chief captures all intervening pieces, as this would be so different from standard chess that he would have stated this, had it been his intention.

It is not explicitly stated in Burroughs' text that a piece entitled to a two-space or three-space move move the full amount, but implicit information suggests that this is the case. For example, the Padwar at [P] is entitled to a two-space diagonal move, so in the diagram below, it must end its move on the spaces marked [2]; if all the spaces marked [1] are occupied by friendly or opposing pieces, or if all the spaces marked [2] are occupied by friendly pieces, then the Padwar is blocked and unable to move.

 * {|class="wikitable"

 * 2  ||     ||   2   ||     ||   2
 * ||  1   ||     ||   1   ||
 * 2 ||  ||   P   ||     ||   2
 * ||  1   ||     ||   1   ||
 * 2  ||     ||   2   ||     ||   2
 * }
 * ||  1   ||     ||   1   ||
 * 2  ||     ||   2   ||     ||   2
 * }
 * }

Ending the game
In Burroughs's description, Jetan is won when either a Chief captures the opposing Chief, or when any piece captures the opposing Princess. The game is drawn if each player is reduced to three or fewer pieces of equal value and it is not won within the next ten moves, or if a Chief is taken by any piece other than a Chief.

Some consider these rules to result in too many draws so a number of variants have been proposed to address this issue, the simplest being that the capture of a Chief by a piece other than a Chief merely retires the Chief without drawing or ending the game.

Jetan in Burroughs's novels
According to The Chessmen of Mars, Jetan was said to represent an ancient war between the Yellow and Black races of Barsoom. This explains why the orange pieces begin on the "north" side and black pieces on the "south," because Barsoom's Yellow and Black races inhabit its north and south polar regions, respectively.

The second half of The Chessmen of Mars takes place in the city of Manator, where the most popular civil event involves human beings fighting to the death in a life-sized Jetan game viewed by hundreds of spectators. The "board" is large enough that some of the pieces are mounted on Thoats and yet still fit in a single "square." However, this life-and-death version departs from the rules of Jetan in one very significant way: when one piece lands on a square occupied by another, the first does not automatically replace the second. Rather, the two pieces fight to the death, and the winner of the sword fight wins the square. The lone exception involves the Princess: if one side's piece lands on a square occupied by the other side's Princess, no battle occurs, and the first side wins the game.

Wagering and scoring
In his Appendix, Edgar Rice Burroughs writes: "The Martians gamble at Jetan in several ways. Of course the outcome of the game indicates to whom the main stake belongs; but they also put a price upon the head of each piece, according to its value, and for each piece that a player loses he pays its value to his opponent." But Burroughs never specified any exact rules for gambling, nor did he give the point values for the various pieces.

Although gambling is optional per Burroughs' rules, some fans have developed several rule variants for gambling, with names such as Ransom and Pay to move, which have sometimes been used when playing the game.

Many suggestions have been made for the respective values of the pieces. The list below is based on Cazaux & Knowlton.

 * Padwar: 1.7
 * Warrior: 1.9
 * Panthan: 2.0
 * Dwar: 4.9
 * Thoat: 5.6
 * Flier: 9.5
 * Chief: no set value
 * Princess: no set value

Computer implementations
Jetan has been adapted to the computer medium on several occasions. Some variants of Jetan on the computer are:
 * Jetan (Silversoft, 1993) by Paul Burgess; for MS-DOS; downloadable from Burgess' home page.
 * Jetan (Softdisk, 1993) by David Moorman; this program for the Commodore 64 disk magazine Loadstar had no computer opponent.
 * Tommy's Martian Chess (Tommy's Toys, 1997) by Thomas Lee Winslow; an MS-DOS shareware program that is no longer available for purchase. The try-out version can be downloaded from the Internet Archive.
 * Two versions have been created for the Zillions of Games board game engine, one by Jean-Louis Cazaux and Jens Markmann, the other by L. Lynn Smith.

Similar games in other fiction
Burroughs inspired many other writers of the sword and planet genre. Some such writers have also included chess-like games in their writing, often with a living version. Instances of such possible homage include:
 * Lin Carter's Darza, from Renegade of Callisto, eighth volume in his Callisto series.
 * Kenneth Bulmer's Jikaida, from A Life for Kregen, 19th volume in his Dray Prescot series.
 * John Norman's Kaissa, mentioned many times in his Gor series, although never fully described.
 * S. M. Stirling's Atanj, from In the Courts of the Crimson Kings, his own Burroughs-influenced novel of an alternate Mars, also not fully described.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jetan


text: User talk:220.238.6.143

title: User talk:220.238.6.143


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Shaviyani Atoll

Shaviyani Atoll, which is known by its abbreviated name (also known as Northern Miladhunmadulu Atoll or Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi), is an Administrative division of the Maldives. It corresponds to the northern section of the natural Miladhunmadulu Atoll, located in the north of the Maldives.

Capital island dispute
On 26 October 2009, the government decided to move the capital of Shaviyani Atoll from Funadhoo to Milandhoo, citing more ease for the people. However, this decision was overruled by parliament in June 2010, and Funadhoo was reinstated as the capital of the atoll, much to the dismay of both the government and the people of Milandhoo. This decision was vetoed by President Nasheed, and Milandhoo continued as the seat of the atoll office. The issue surfaced once again on February 26, 2011 when home rule was introduced into the country and the atoll offices were to be rebranded as the secretariats for the newly formed atoll councils. According to the Decentralization Bill, under which the councils were formed, the respective secretariats were to be seated in the capital islands of each atoll as stipulated in the new constitution of 2008, which in Shaviyani Atoll's case is Funadhoo. In the first atoll council meeting, it was decided to move the secretariat from Milandhoo to Funadhoo, as per the law states. The government responded with threats to dissolve the council if the move is followed through, and appealed the order of the Funadhoo Magistrate Court to carry out the move. On March 1, after the Milandhoo Magistrate Court ordered the work of the secretariat to return to Milandhoo, an order backed by the President, riot police was deployed to Funadhoo to "urge the council to respect the court order" issued by Milandhoo. The following day, the Supreme Court of the Maldives ruled that the Milandhoo court order was invalid and that the Funadhoo court order was, a ruling which the government and Milandhoo did not accept. On April 6, the parliament overrode the initial presidential veto on the capital island legislature, and declared Funadhoo as the legitimate capital island. In 2012, all of the materials used in Milandhoo were transferred to Funadhoo.

It is notable that as of 2013, the official website of the President's Office does not display an address for the Shaviyani Atoll Council.

Geography
This administrative atoll is 37 miles long, it is the third atoll from the northern edge of the country, and It comprises 51 islands of which 16 are inhabited. The islands in this atoll are small with half of the islands having less than 20 hectares (49.4 acres) of land area. There are 9 islands that are smaller than one hectare (2.49 acres). These islands comprise 18% of the islands. The smallness of the atoll indicates to the islands' vulnerability to environmental impacts.

Population
The population of the atoll is 12,091 as of the 2014 census.

Economy
Fishing and agriculture form the mainstay of the atoll's economy. Fishing is engaged in throughout the year, with pole, line and reef fishing practised in various islands in the atoll. The atoll is also known for craftsmanship, such as mat and rope weaving.

Several inhabitants work in the tourism industry and other commercial trades in the Maldivian capital, Malé. The biggest employer in Shaviyani Atoll's tourism sector is Sirru Fen Fushi.

Administration
The atoll is assigned the Maldivian letter 'Shaviyani' and the Latin letter 'C' as the atoll code. The atoll Council is responsible for public services, development and economic affairs. The Shaviyani Atoll Office was established on 9 September 1958 by the state. Until 1 January 1968, the atoll office was located in Lhaimagu which was the capital of the atoll. The government declared that effective from 1 January 1968, the capital would be Farukolhu Funadhoo (Funadhoo) and hence, the atoll office was transferred to Funadhoo.

Health
Basic medical care was introduced in the atoll with the establishment of a health centre on 25 December 1970 in the island of Lhaimagu. This health centre was shifted to Farukolhu Funadhoo (now Funadhoo) in 1971 when the island was made the atoll capital. This health centre is now developed to Atoll Hospital which has a well equipped laboratory and operation theater facilities and are manned by a gynecologist, anesthetist and a general practitioner. Other than Atoll Hospital, there are 13 Health Centre in the atoll with Doctor and Nurses.

Majority of the population of the atoll have access to safe drinking water. Around 99% of the households have been provided with water storage tanks on tsunami recovery program. Most households have safe sanitation facilities.

Education
Primary education is universal in all inhabited islands of Shaviyani Atoll. All the schools in the atoll providing education to Grade 10. And the Atoll Education Centre, Atoll School provide education to Grade 12. Most of the secondary schools yet offer only commerce stream subjects. The schools which offer both the Science and Commerce stream subjects are the Shaviyani Atoll Education Centre in Komandoo, Atoll School in Kanditheemu, Funadhoo School and Milandhoo School. Some of the School introduce TVET programs to the students. Most schools have computer labs funded jointly by parents, government and the Shaviyani Atoll Development Project.

title: Shaviyani Atoll


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PBS Kids

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Dmcdevit·t 23:30, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

PBS Kids
Merge user 24.171.36.233
 * An anonymous user put this on Vfd without making a good Vfd page; but I vote to keep because it appears to be shaping more nicely now. 66.32.158.84 16:18, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - Under VfD criteria, 'stubs' merit expansion, not deletion. - Chairboy 16:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - agreed needs expansion. --66.216.68.28 17:12, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand I filled out the list of shows, but there's more to this than just a list of shows. PBS has a complex process for building a block of shows like these, and while some (Barney, Sesame Street) pre-date this block, they have all become a part of that machine. Details welcomed. -Harmil 17:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please and why vote merge if you are on vfd that makes no sense at all Yuckfoo 18:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. — Fingers-of-Pyrex 21:58, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Notable, widely-known, encyclopedic. Expand, don't delete. And since there are no objections, shouldn't this be a speedy keep too? --Titoxd 00:14, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Capitalistroadster 00:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. 23skidoo 05:21, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The B-Sides

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Disambiguation sounds like a good idea, if someone wants to do it. --Tony Sidaway Talk 07:47, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

The B-Sides
Non-notable vanity page. Chairboy 04:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC) Could you guys take it a bit easy on me. It's my first time working with this and I admit I was nervous at first. We all make minor typos at times. Especially when we're nervous. User:Pythagoreanman 2:14 AM EDT July 21st 2005 -User:pythagoreanman
 * WAITING The facts of this band are changing by the minute, now it says they formed in 2001 see page history. If they are notable I'll change to a keep. Hamster Sandwich 05:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Been around for yrs, and still no label has signed them? --Madchester 05:24, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment
 * Comment. All Music Guide has records of a band called The B-Sides who have released albums and EP's |B-SIDES&uid=CAW060507210314&samples=1&sql=11:v4120r2au48p~T1. However it isn't the same band as listed in the article and features a former member of the Squirrel Nut Zippers. I will rewrite this article this evening mentioning the original subject at the bottom of the article unless evidence can be shown under WP:MUSIC guidelines that they warrant an article on their own. Capitalistroadster 07:20, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I guess you guys win. You're missing out on an awesome band. Too bad this site is full of bureaucracy.
 * Comment If you can provide some verifiable evidence that this band is notable, and not just a local phenominon, you could probably get your inclusion. So far you have 2 votes to delete, One on the fence (me) and a kind offer of assistance from Capitalroadstar. I think you're either blowing smoke, or not to confident in the actual nescessity of your articles inclusion. Be Bold Your user page is new, and I can tell you as a new Wiki user myself that the onus here is to get articles included, not turfed out. As long as this "awesome band" should be of general interest to a more or less worldwide audience, write about them. If they have members from previously notable bands, probably a good sign. If they have toured internationally, even better. Have they released music on a format other than CDR? More and more interesting. I hope that my comment is takken in the spirit in which it is offered; as a person trying to help another person. Good luck Pythagoreanman! Hamster Sandwich 08:21, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have rewritten the article as promised. Keep. Capitalistroadster 09:13, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Good work Capitalistroadster, but i think this is a completely different band than the one originally described in the first draft of this article. I vote keep because they seem somewhat notable, might link with other chapel hill bands. Hamster Sandwich 09:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Thorns Among Our Leaves 17:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. I count three different bands all called the B-Sides.  I'm not sure any single one is above my minimum level of notability, but combined they are.  If nothing else, the article can untangle the name confusion.  Still needs work, but has potential for being encyclopedic.  --A D Monroe III 19:08, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Improvement?. Why not add all three bands too the list and order formed and that type? like AD Monroe III said, to sort out the confusion?

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Natsuko~enwiki

Image:Nudemnt.jpg
The copyright info on the image you uploaded Image:Nudemnt.jpg is cut off due to lack of space in the comment line. Is this a GFDL-compatible copyright, or is it "non-commercial use only"? Guettarda 04:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Natsuko. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Natsuko~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:44, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:49, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Natsuko~enwiki


text:
Talk:Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 August 2021 and 21 September 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Inquiryucsff1, Dbazyani, Sunsetbagel3789. Peer reviewers: Singh.med.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:03, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

UCSF Wikipedia Assignment: Workplan
Milepost Date By the time I go to bed on this date I will have… Mon 8/30 Assignment Day 1 ●	reviewed Wikiproject Medicine’s website ●	decided what team will work on which article ●	begun designing a viable workplan strategy for our team Fri 9/3 ●	completed all 9 required Wiki Ed training modules ●	posted our team workplan to the wikipage we’re going to improve Fri 9/10 ●	made our first edits live on Wikipedia (rather than merely in sandboxes) Mon 9/13 Wiki Inquiry SG #2 ●	discuss research and initial drafts of progress Sun 9/12 ●	begun peer-review Sun 9/19 ●	completed peer-review and posted it on the talk page of the one we’re peer-reviewing Mon 9/20 Wiki Inquiry SG #2 ●	discuss peer-review and wrap-up final changes to page after assignment is complete ●	intermittently check up on “our wiki page” to see if there have been additional improvements ●	improve other areas of Wikipedia’s health content

Aspect of work plan Space for notes Article chosen Sex reassignment surgery (female-to-male)

Why this one? Include WP rating scale? How fit with your interests. Other details as desired Of the assigned articles, this subject was one that pushed beyond the content of our course and seemed interesting to delve deeper into. You WP editing team (up to 3) Ashi, Dariush, Yesenia Initial Analysis of the article The article does a good job in covering several topics, but essential information and details about the procedures mentioned are not included. Overall organization

What will you add? 1.	Expand upon hysterectomy: Factors related to post-procedure follow-up, including recovery time, complications, need for future surgeries. We also want to cover options for birth control in post-op patients, and how these interact with future hormone therapy. 2.	Add information about complications and follow-up for the genital reassignment surgeries. 3.	Cover issues related to insurance coverage and cost of each surgery. 4.	Include information about consent for these surgeries and age requirements. 5. Link information about facial masculazination What will you remove? Alter title and language in “male chest reconstruction” to be more inclusive. What will you augment? Information about complications and post-operative follow-up. What will you decrease coverage of? Reduce non-inclusive gendered language. Roles in the project. List members and planned roles. Possible roles include: ●	Overseer/amalgamator/reconciler ●	Readability editor ●	Researcher ●	Editor/writer-what sections will each do? ●	Linker, for larger groups consider some one who will check the articles linked to make sure that the linked material is sufficient and accurate ●	Images/graphics ●	Other? Ashi: hysterectomy, consent/age Dariush: genital reassignment, cost/coverage Yesenia: facial masculinization, recovery for genital reassignment

Both will write their sections and then peer-review the other’s section. Team coordination plan: Options might include, regular team meetings, sharing calendars, setting up a place to keep your work in order to edit collaboratively (this might be the sandbox, or it might be Box or DropBox or Slack, or other) Communication over Google Docs and Slack. WIP presenter Ashi & Dariush

Cancer Rates
Better defined: Ovarian cancer is essentially a mathematical impossibility since the population at risk (middle age and older transmen who are on HRT and who have retained their ovaries,) is simply too small for a disease with such a low prevalence even if the N of the study was 'every single person on the planet in this group.' With endometrial and cervical cancer its within the realm of epidemiological possibility, but I imagine with the amount of funding available to transgender research, that will finally be discovered just a few weeks before the eventual heat death of the universe. NickGorton 04:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Graft
Curious, why don't they just use tissue removed from the breast since they're removing it anyway? Karmafist 05:32, 25 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Breast tissue is mainly fat and connctive tissue, not a good material to make a penis from. // habj (talk) 14:58, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Genital reassignment
The article does not mention how comparably poor the results of FTM genital reassignment is, compared to nature and to FTM genital reassignment. It says that phalloplasty is less close to replicating nature than metoidioplasty, and regarding physiology that is true of course. The clitoris is the corresponding body part to the penis, so it makes sense. However, phalloplasty probably yields more cosmetically "close to nature" results, regarding size etc. The section should be expanded. // habj (talk) 14:58, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Article appears to have been vandalized
FSBDavy (talk) 01:40, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

 * If you meant the edits by that was not vandalism but good faith edits although violating No original research policy as can be evidenced quite simply by this edit in which the writer tries to reference himself! I restored a previous version. --  œ ™ 15:59, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

Why the link to "Clitoridectomy"?
I didn't think clitoridectomy was a normal part of SRS for trans men. It certainly isn't part of any of the surgeries described in this article. Is that an appropriate link to have here? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.216.65.237 (talk) 02:51, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Sex reassignment surgery which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:14, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

Thyroid issues
I have hashimotos and I’m considering getting my thyroid removed, would this affect my plan to get sex reassignment surgery? I’ve looked around and can’t find the answer anywhere, please help me figure this out. AmericaTheFree (talk) 03:04, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

Inaccurate and opinion-based information about phalloplasty
I recently removed several sentences from this article which are false or simply reflect the opinion of editors rather than factual information. Since this was quickly reverted, I wanted to outline my reasoning in more depth here so that this can be further discussed with other editors.

"Compared to metoidioplasty, phalloplasty provides a larger penis with a more satisfying cosmetic appearance". Obviously, saying that phallo is larger is true, but it is editorializing to say that is provides "a more satisfying cosmetic appearance." Some patients might be more satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of meta, and some might find both surgeries to provide equally satisfactory or equally unsatisfactory aesthetic results.

"many times the penis lacks the ability to achieve an erection" is an incomplete and misleading statement. Penises created by phalloplasty are unable to achieve erections in the same manner as a natal penis. This clause can be simply combined with the following sentence about penile implants to state that penile implants are a solution that allow phalloplasty recipients to achieve erections.

"and get more satisfying cosmetic results". See above for my reasoning of why this is inappropriate for Wikipedia.

"Sexual sensation is usually preserved to the base of the penis" is an incomplete and misleading statement. Sexual sensation in phalloplasty is a complex topic that is more appropriate for the full phalloplasty article, but the intensity and location of sexual sensation varies among phallo recipients. To imply that it is limited to the base of the phallus is incorrect, as many phallo recipients can achieve sensation throughout the entire phallus.

The current paragraph on phalloplasty contains several issues, and it is constructive to remove those sentences in order to correct these issues. I understand the concern that an edit that merely removes content might initially appear to violate the WP:PRESERVE policy. However, that policy states that imperfect information should be retained provided it meets the content policies of neutral POV, verifiability, and no original research. The information that should be removed from this article does not meet those content standards, as described above, and therefore it would be appropriate and constructive to edit this article to remove these sentences from this article. SpeechBudget (talk) 20:03, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

 * The concerns you raise here strike me as accurate and nuanced -- more nuanced than the way the article originally expressed this information after your removals. I've written an attempted "compromise" wording in the article: does the new version strike you as accurate and appropriate? I've left the "citation needed" tags; are there sources from the main phalloplasty article, maybe, that can be used to support these statements? I believe that they are true, but but they should also be verifiable. Thanks for your careful attention to this article. ~ L 🌸  (talk) 00:11, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Appreciate your feedback & collaboration! Yes, I think your re-write eloquently addresses my concerns. I'll work on hunting down citations later :) SpeechBudget (talk) 21:42, 29 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Fisting

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikipedia. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may come back after the block expires.

title: User talk:Fisting


text:
Arthur Fletcher

Arthur Allen Fletcher (December 22, 1924 – July 12, 2005) was an American government official and Republican politician, he was a pioneer of affirmative action" as he was largely responsible for the Revised Philadelphia Plan.

Biography
Arthur Fletcher, a Republican, graduated from Washburn University and obtained a degree from distance learning school La Salle Extension University.

In 1950, he played two games with the NFL's Baltimore Colts, thus becoming the first Black professional player in any sport in the city's history.

Fletcher moved with his wife, Bernyce, and two youngest children to Pasco, Washington, where he took a job with the Hanford Atomic Energy Project. He also organized a community self-help program in predominantly black East Pasco and landed a seat on the Pasco City Council. In 1968, Fletcher ran for Lieutenant Governor of Washington State and narrowly lost to the incumbent, John Cherberg. Fletcher was the first African American in Washington as well as the West to contest a statewide electoral office. During the campaign, his driver and bodyguard was Ted Bundy, the serial killer who was active in Republican Party politics in the late 1960s through the early 1970s.

Fletcher's close race for Lieutenant Governor got the attention of newly elected President Richard Nixon, who gave Fletcher a job in the incoming administration as Assistant Secretary of Labor. An African American, he served in the Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and George H. W. Bush administrations.

In 1978, Fletcher ran for mayor of Washington, D.C., but was defeated by the popular Democrat Marion Barry. In 1995, he briefly pursued a bid for the Republican presidential nomination.

Numbers of his fellow Republicans were often at odds with the affirmative action policies which Fletcher initiated and supported as the chairman from 1990 to 1993 of the United States Commission on Civil Rights.

As head of the United Negro College Fund, Fletcher was rumored to have coined the famous slogan, "A mind is a terrible thing to waste." In point of fact, however, the motto was created by Forest Long, of the advertising agency Young & Rubicam, in partnership with the Ad Council.

Fletcher was a United States Army veteran during World War II and upon his death in 2005 was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

title: Arthur Fletcher


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Uladzimir Karvat

Uladzimir Mikalayevich Karvat (Уладзімір Мікалаевіч Карват, Владимир Николаевич Карват, November 28, 1959 – May 23, 1996) was a pilot for the Belarusian Air Force and the first recipient of the title Hero of Belarus.

Early life and career
Karvat was born in the city of Brest, on May 28, 1959, in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. He joined the Soviet Air Force in 1981 and completed courses at the higher piloting school in Armavir. Afterwards, he was deployed to the Far East of the Russian SFSR. There, Karvat advanced from being a normal pilot, to the commander of a flight training squadron.

He had been awarded the Order for Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR 3rd class and the Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR".

In August 1994, three years after the Soviet Union collapsed, he decided to serve in the newly created Armed Forces of Belarus. On September 11, 1994, Karvat took an oath of loyalty to the people of Belarus. He was given the command of a tactical training unit of the 61st airbase in Baranovichi.

Accident
Karvat was honored posthumously for his heroic actions, which took place on November 21, 1996, when his training aircraft (a Sukhoi Su-27p) caught fire. Though he was given the order to eject, the plane was heading directly for a populated area. Keeping that in mind, Karvat steered the plane until it crashed 1 km away from the area of Hacišča, killing him. President Alexander Lukashenko issued Decree Number 484 that day, awarding Karvat with the title Hero of Belarus. The decree stated: "For heroism while in the performance of military duty, we award Lieutenant Colonel Karvat, Uładzimir Mikałajevič the title "Hero of Belarus" (posthumous).

title: Uladzimir Karvat


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Noonu Atoll

Noonu Atoll (also known as Southern Miladhunmadulu Atoll or Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi) is an administrative division of the Maldives corresponding to the southern section of Miladhunmadulu Atoll. The capital is Manadhoo. Total population of Noonu Atoll is around 10,000 people (Information from: 2006).

Administration of South Miladhunmadulu Atoll
The Administrative Divisions of the Maldives refers to the various units of government that provide local government services in the Maldives. According to the Decentralization Act 2010, the administrative divisions of the Maldives would consist of atolls, islands, and cities; each administered by their own local council, under the basic terms of home rule.

Although the earlier provincial decentralization was rejected by Parliament, President Nasheed reinstated the concept through "National Administrations". The National Administrations of Maldives were in the same divisions as the earlier provinces, and the previous province offices were reinstated as the office of that National Administration, to which the atoll councils reported to accordingly. The National Administrations acted as an extension of the central government in Male’, for the convenience of dealing with regional affairs. The National Administrations operated under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The seven National Administrations were:

• Upper North National Administration • North National Administration • North Central National Administration • Central National Administration • South Central National Administration • Upper South National Administration • South National Administration

North Province was one of the seven short-lived provinces of the Maldives. The provinces were created in a decentralization attempt by the Nasheed administration in 2008. As of 2009, it was governed by the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Ms. Thilmeeza Hussain. Rejecting this change, the Parliament saw the abolition of the province system in 2010, through a newly enacted Decentralization Act. It consisted of Baa, Lhaviyani, Noonu and Raa Atolls. Its capital was Felivaru. Its population (2006 census) was 43,539.

Before Decentralization Act was approved by the Parliament of Maldives, President Mohamed Nasheed appointed Atoll Councilors and Island Councilors to apply the concept of Decentralization to the Administrations of the Councils. As the first Noonu Atoll Councilor Mr. Mohamed Mahid Moosa Fulhu was appointed at the date of 18 August 2009 and remained till 25 December 2010 until the Decentralization Bill was approved by the Parliament of Maldives.

When the Local Government Decentralization Act was established Atoll Councilors and Island Councilors were elected by the vote of the people who belongs to the constituency. Local Council election was elected on 11 February 2011 and Mr. Mohamed Mahid Moosa Fulhu remained the constituency seat for Manadhoo Constituency from February 2011 till February 2014. Mohamed Mahid Moosa Fulhu was elected by the Atoll Council Members as the Vice President of Noonu Atoll Council.

Geography
The whole district consists of 71 islands. 13 of these island are inhabited: Fodhdhoo, Hebadhoo, Holhudhoo, Kedhikolhudhoo, Kudafari, Landhoo, Lhohi, Maafaru, Maalhendhoo, Magoodhoo, Miladhoo and Velidhoo.

The channel to the west of Noonu Atoll is called Baraveli Kandu. "Baraveli" means hermit crab in local Dhivehi language.

Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll).

Ecology
Noonu Atoll has the highest density of swarming fishes which can be found in the Maldives, especially Fusiliers and Snappers. It also has a huge spinner dolphin population. The underwater world is also famous for scuba diving. The best known spots are Orimas Thila, a shark point for grey and white tip reef sharks, as well as Christmastree Rock (Vavathi Kurohli Thila) which is famous for the abundant soft coral life.

Economy
Noonu Atoll is home to six luxury resorts: NOKU Maldives (Kudafunafaru), Soneva Jani (Medhufaru), Cheval Blanc (Randheli), The Sun Siyam (Irufushi), Robinson Club Noonu (Orivaru), Siyam World (Dhigurah) and Velaa Private Island (Fushivelavaru),JOY Maldives (Joy Lagoon Resort, reclaimed lagoon project),

title: Noonu Atoll


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User:Bound to the A

Bound to the A

A simple play on words constituting one being attached to the beginning of things; possibly one who finds it hard to let go, yet is however aware of the ideals with which one originally set out, and therefore the end goal.

title: User:Bound to the A


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Hugh Dillon Redemption Choir

The Hugh Dillon Redemption Choir is a Canadian indie rock band led by Hugh Dillon and based in Kingston, Ontario. The band's style draws from country, pop, punk and new wave influences.

History
Dillon formed the band in Kingston in 2004. Lead singer Dillon projected a less aggressive style in this band than in his previous group Headstones. That year the band released an album, The High Co$t of Low Living, through Paul Langois' Ching Music label. Two tracks from this album were included as extras in the DVD version of the dramatic series Durham County: Season 1.

The Redemption Choir performed in the Tragically Hip's Across the Causeway show. The band's members also performed behind Dillon on his solo album Works Well with Others in 2009, released through Paul Langois' Bathouse Studio.

Band members

 * Hugh Dillon – vocals (2004–present)
 * J.P. Polsoni – guitar (2004–present)
 * Ben Kobayashi – keyboards (2004–present)
 * Chris Osti – bass (2004–present)
 * Derek Downham – drums (2004–present)

Discography

 * The High Co$t of Low Living (2005)

title: Hugh Dillon Redemption Choir


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Pavel Mariev

Pavel Lukyanovich Mariev (Павел Лук'янавіч Марыеў, Павел Лукьянович Мариев; born June 16, 1938, in Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russian SFSR) is a current Minister on the Council of the Republic of Belarus. Mariev is also one of five people who have been presented with the title Hero of Belarus. Pavel has a doctorate in the field of technical sciences and is the general manager of the BelAZ plant, located in Zhodzina. Pavel has also been decorated with the title "Merited Worker of Industry of the Republic of Belarus."

Pavel was awarded his Hero of Belarus title from President Alexander Lukashenko on 30 June 2001 for "selfless work and exceptional efforts in the development of domestic automobile construction."

title: Pavel Mariev


text:
Talk:Brewster Jennings & Associates

Heading?
I don t understand how no other agent has been discovered. Usually, I think a few agents share the same cover. The CIA doesn t like it, but it is easier that way. You can't make up a whole company just for one person.

If a journalist could find out more about other agents, this would show that the leak was serious (and it would be legal for a journalist to out them)

 * There is no reason not to make up a company for one agent. All this cover seemed to involve was some stationary, a mail box and a phone. They apparently never even had an office. People who have nothing to do with spying often have several business names. The point is the CIA took steps to provide her with a cover. That would appear to meet one of the tests under the Intelligence Identities Protection Act --agr 20:01, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I addressed this issue with a new edit. As soon as the Novak column ran, it was pretty much assumed that her company was a front and that other undercover agents worked there as well, meaning their cover was blown as well. Daniel Case 05:20, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

It looks like the link to Robert Novak's column on Brewster Jennings no longer exists. Is there another source for this column? Marie26 06:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know. But I believe the company no longer exists. Can someone confirm and add to the article? I too am quite surprised no one has ever publicly outed anyone else who was part of this company. I suppose one of the reasons is the only people who were aware or had heard of this company were those who were under surveliance and although I'm sure they're pleased to have found out it was a CIA front, they'll prefer to use the information they have on former covert operatives for their own purposes rather then publicly reveal it. Nil Einne 10:26, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Reverts
I'm reinserting the opening phrase about Brewster Jennings & Associates was a front company set up by the CIA for Valerie Plame, an operative for the Agency whose identity was possibly disclosed for political retaliation. - if there are any issues with the wording, I'd welcome seeing them addressed on the talk page, instead of just saying that CNN and Fox News (Which are opposite ends of the political spectrum) "don't count". The wording is informative enough to cause people to go "Hrmm, who's this now?" and click through to Plame's article, without actually naming any possibly guilty parties. It's as NPOV as I can tell, but I welcome debate on the subject Sherurcij 16:34, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

I took out the "reason for existence" language because there was no supporting information given. (Understandably so, the source for that purported info was a discussion on dailykos a while back.)

I also attached the only mainstream investigation of Brewster Jennings...from the Boston Globe. It was just a P.O. Box and apparently only had one employee.

But the reality is that you don't now know, and will never know, if, when, how many, or how serious the leak was to other operatives. To state definitively that no other agents cover was blown is just wishful thinking and serves a political purpose.

Clarification
Just a note, that I hope (wish?) you all read before editing in anything in the future, since it seems to be a recurring problem. The article is to assume that Plame was the only agent involved in the company. A minor wording like "the only agent affected" might be alright, but do not under any circumstances expose us all to your deluded ranting from watching Colin Farrel in "The Recruit" too many times - don't talk about how it might be thousands, or really cool ninja NOCs might be involved...presumably if any other agents were threatened or exposed by this affair, there would be an even larger publicity stink - so it's unfair to talk about "but there may have been many more, whose lives were put in danger, because Karl Rove is a crook, and I hate religious freaks, and why can't George Bush pronounce words properly?" or anything remotely resembling it.

Don't make me bite you Sherurcij 00:03, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

---

My understanding is there were other resources, working undercover using Brewster Jennings as a front, who were at least arrested when Valerie Plame was outed in Robert Novak's column. I heard this information from a former U.S. intelligence employee talking to Randi Rhodes on AirAmericaRadio.com last year. Because of the confidentiality of the subject, he could not get into specifics of exactly how many resources were involved or what happened to them.

 * You may well have heard that on an extreme POV radio show, but your understanding is incorrect. There is no evidence that BJ&A has ever had any employees other than Plame.--Mr j galt 19:07, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The two names I've seen mentioned as other Brewster-Jennings "employees" are Jean C. Edwards and Robert Lawrence Ellman. Google them and you'll find all sorts of left-wing and right-wing articles taking positions on the import of the fact that these two people listed Brewster Jennings on their resumes. Neither appeared to be active Brewster-Jennings "employees" at the time of the revelation of Valerie Plame's identity.

 * The CIA has not made public its damage report regarding this matter, and they are not expected to. There are internet rumors that as many as 70 people disappeared or were reassigned as a result of this, but such rumors don't appear in published sources and are unlikely to represent more than hearsay. Three intelligence officers, speaking anonymously, told one reporter that other NOCs were exposed as a result of the leak; the article includes the following tidbits:
 * ''Three intelligence officers confirmed that other CIA non-official cover officers were compromised, but did not indicate the number of people operating under non-official cover that were affected or the way in which these individuals were impaired. None of the sources would say whether there were American or foreign casualties as a result of the leak.
 * Several intelligence officials described the damage in terms of how long it would take for the agency to recover. According to their own assessment, the CIA would be impaired for up to "ten years" in its capacity to adequately monitor nuclear proliferation on the level of efficiency and accuracy it had prior to the White House leak of Plame Wilson's identity.
 * Of course, looking only at current operations of Wilson or of Brewster-Jennings (assuming any existed) is only a small part of the picture; the leak undoubtedly also compromised any networks or covers she might have utilized in the past.
 * It's unlikely the extent of the damage will ever be known publicly, but one thing is for sure: even if there was no specific damage to any specific ongoing operation or personnel, the leak has likely had a serious impact on future national security by damaging recruiting prospects irreparably. Who would want to be a NOC now, knowing that their cover (and possibly their safety) is subject to the political whims of the Vice President?--csloat 00:36, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * here's a bit more on this, from Knight Ridder, October 19, 2003:

 * Compounding the damage, the front company, Brewster-Jennings & Associates, the name of which has been reported previously, apparently also was used by other CIA officers whose work now could be at risk, according to Vince Cannistraro, former CIA chief of counterterrorism operations and analysis. Now, Plame's career as a covert operations officer in the CIA's Directorate of Operations is over. Those she dealt with -- on business or not -- may be in danger. The directorate is conducting an extensive damage assessment. And Plame's exposure may make it harder for American spies to persuade foreigners to share important secrets with them, U.S. intelligence officials said.
 * -csloat 00:49, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

weird database issue?
I tried to remove the section "B-J Cover was thin at best" but wound up replacing it by accident. This seems to have been corrected by Sherucij, but when I look at the page, the section is still there. Yet if I go to edit the page, it is not there. Is anyone else getting this problem?--csloat 18:15, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Just a cache issue, if you know how to clear your browser cache, then do it. Otherwise, just hit "Shift" and "F5" at the same time (the function keys along the top of your keyboard), to cause a "hard refresh" which will discard the cache of that site in your internet history and re-load it from scratch :) Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 18:39, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Ellmann
Claims that it was a hoax. Kudos to the editors here for keeping it out of the article. --Paul E. Ester 17:08, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Point of information: This URL resolves to "The Ellmann Hoax: Inside the Experiment" (title). --NYScholar 18:57, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * What is the relationship between this section information provided by Paul E. Ester and the source by Carolyn Kuhn that someone inserted in the article Valerie Plame whose reference citation I corrected there and also provided in this article. Is this article part of a "hoax"? If so please advise and remove if it is not a reliable source according to Reliable sources. Thank you. --NYScholar 19:02, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I've removed it from both articles: This is the source info. (in note format):

"Cf. Carolyn Kuhn, 'Libby Trial: Plame, Brewster, Ellmann, Edwards, Dennehy, Jennings: Not Secret?', online posting, dc.indymedia.org (Washington, D.C. 'newswire'), January 31, 2007, accessed May 5, 2007. [Kuhn states that 'Brewster Jennings' was a front for Valerie Plame, Jean C. Edwards, Robert Ellmann, Paul Jennings (of the Anglo-Irish Bank), and others and that the Boston accounting firm 'Burke Dennehy' at the same address and phone number was in turn a front for the firm called 'Brewster Jennings'.] Cf. Brewster Jennings and Brewster Jennings & Associates." --NYScholar 19:14, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Sibel Edmonds
I don't know how to integrate the information coming for Sibel Edmonds into the article, so I put it here.

I quote from the following | interview with the makers of the film Kill the messenger:
 * In November 2005, we learnt from the Turkish paper Hurriyet that Plame was investigating Turkey, but not only that: she was investigating the ATC! Our intuition had proved right.

 * Later, in April 2006, we confronted Sibel with this set of facts and ask her to go on the record. Sibel’s line about Plame and Brewster Jennings is just gold. She said: "During my time at the FBI, I never heard the name Valerie Plame - but if you are asking me about Brewster Jennings, that's another story, a story that I cannot comment on because I cannot talk about anything that I did at the FBI - and the targets and the details of the investigations." The message is crystal clear: there are mentions of Brewster Jennings on the wiretaps! Praises to Sibel to be so smart in front of a camera.

AugustinMa 09:35, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

See Talk page guidelines
Deletion of some unreliable sources: see WP:BLP and Reliable sources as well as WP:Cite. --NYScholar 18:51, 5 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Items violating WP:BLP are "deleted on sight" (Wikipedia policy). --NYScholar 18:55, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brewster Jennings & Associates


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Rawtenstall

Rawtenstall is a town in the borough of Rossendale, Lancashire, England. The town lies 15 miles (24 km) north of Manchester, 22 miles (35 km) east of Preston and 45 miles (70 km) south east of Lancaster. The town is at the centre of the Rossendale Valley. It had a population of 23,000.

Toponym
The name Rawtenstall has been given two possible interpretations. The older is a combination of the Middle English routen ('to roar or bellow'), from the Old Norse rauta and the Old English stall 'pool in a river' (Ekwall 1922, 92). The second, more recent one, relates to Rawtenstall's identification as a cattle farm in 1324 and combines the Old English ruh 'rough' and tun-stall 'the site of a farm or cow-pasture', or possibly, 'buildings occupied when cattle were pastured on high ground'

History
The earliest settlement at Rawtenstall was probably in the early Middle Ages, during the time when it formed part of the Rossendale Valley in the Honour of Clitheroe, and consisted of simple dwellings for forest servants and animals. More substantial buildings may have followed in the 15th and 16th centuries with corn and flour mills.

The town entered a major period of growth during the Industrial Revolution, as new mills were constructed to process cotton. The climate and weather were conducive to the industry, as was the town's nearby location to the rapidly developing industrial and mercantile centre at Manchester, dubbed 'Cottonopolis'. Only a few of these mills survive today, and none are operational anymore. During this period, the brothers Thomas, David and Peter Whitehead became important entrepreneurs in the town. They built a number of mills, including one of the earliest mills in the valley, at Lower Mill, and the still existing Ilex Mill. They also built substantial houses for themselves at Holly Mount, as well as large numbers of terraced houses for their workers. Other industries active in this period included quarrying and small scale coal mining, as well as an expanding commercial sector.

As with many mid-Lancashire towns, it saw a population decline in the 20th century, going from 30,000 inhabitants in the 1911 census to 21,500 in the 1971 census. With the decline of the traditional manufacturing industries, shoemaking became one of the last survivors. this was usually known locally as the slipper industry, since slipper-making grew from the local processing of felt, which itself grew from the textile industry. The firm of H. W. Tricketts, in nearby Waterfoot, had been a major producer and exporter of footwear across the British Empire, but shoemaking declined rapidly from the 1980s. Firms closed as production moved overseas, and the remaining companies are largely importers.

The church of St Nicholas (Church of England) is at Newchurch (rebuilt 1825) as is the Roman Catholic church of St Peter (1892). Other churches are St Michael's Lumb, St James's Waterfoot, St Anne's Edgeside, St John's Cloughfold, St Mary's Oakenhead, St John the Evangelist's Crawshawbooth, St Mary and All Saints Goodshaw (rebuilt 1790). Another RC church (dedicated to St James the Less) is at Oakenhead and there are a number of Nonconformist chapels.

Governance
A local board was formed for the town in 1874 and the district it governed was extended to cover parts of the townships of Lower Booths (Rawtenstall itself), Higher Booths, Newchurch and Haslingden in the ancient parish of Whalley and Cowpe, Lench, Newhall Hey and Hall Carr, and part of Tottington (Higher End) in the ancient parish of Bury. Rawtenstall Town Hall was completed in 1876. Subsequently, Rawtenstall was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1891 and in 1894 a civil parish was created to match the borders of the borough. Following the local government reorganisation in 1974 Rawtenstall became part of the Borough of Rossendale.

Rawtenstall is part of the Rossendale and Darwen constituency, after the constituency of Rossendale was abolished in 1983. The constituency sends one member of parliament to the House of Commons.

Jake Berry MP has been the Member of Parliament for Rossendale and Darwen since 2010.

Geography
The neighbouring towns in the valley are Bacup, Haslingden and Ramsbottom. The area is bounded to the north by Loveclough and Whitewell Bottom, to the east by Waterfoot and Cowpe and to the south by Townsend Fold and Horncliffe. The River Irwell passes through the town on the first part of its route between Bacup and Manchester, collecting Limy Water close to the junction of Bury Road with Bocholt Way. Over recent years the area has become increasingly popular with visitors, attracted by historic buildings, dramatic landscapes and the heritage railway, the East Lancashire Railway which offers tourists and visitors a chance for days out at Rawtenstall, Ramsbottom and Bury stations among many rural communities along the line.

Climate
Like most of the United Kingdom, Rawtenstall has an oceanic climate.

Transport
The town has had bus routes since the early 1930s. The town is served locally by Transdev, with a bus station in the town centre. There is also frequent services such as the X43 which offers connections to the towns of Burnley and Nelson and the city of Manchester. It is operated by Burnley Bus Company. In 2007 a proposal to demolish part of the previous bus station and build a Lidl store on the site was agreed and the new store was finally completed in 2009. Lancashire County Council and Rossendale Borough Council then eventually replaced the old bus station with a modern bus interchange, which commenced service on Sunday 24 November 2019.

Rawtenstall railway station also serves the town, but since the closure of the main line to Manchester, it now operates mainly as a tourist route, as part of the East Lancashire Railway, of which Rawtenstall station forms the northern terminus. The M66 motorway from Manchester is linked to Rawtenstall via the A56 Edenfield bypass, allowing for a driving time between Manchester and Rawtenstall of around half an hour. Today, Rawtenstall's nearest rail station is in the town of Accrington and over the county border in West Yorkshire in the town of Todmorden in Calderdale. The nearest metro link is in Bury.

Education
The town has a number of primary and secondary (high) schools, including Alder Grange School, Bellmont School, St Paul's C of E Primary, Cloughfold Primary School, Leabrook School and All Saints' Catholic High School. Though located in Waterfoot, rather than Rawtenstall, the traditional grammar school, Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School takes part of its name from the town.

Rawtenstall also has a public library, built in 1906 with Carnegie funding.

The town centre
By 2000, Rawtenstall's 1960s shopping centre had become deserted and boarded-up, and after 2003 various proposals were put forward regarding reconstruction or refurbishment. An agreement between Rossendale Council and the owners of the Rawtenstall centre, Ashcap, in February 2011, was said to "improve Rawtenstall town centre". In late 2011 the shopping centre was demolished, creating a new town square area, where local markets and other events are infrequently held. Rossendale Council funded the demolition using money set aside for a public pool in neighbouring town Haslingden. This move was controversial locally, but the completed bus station has also attracted positive comment. Since 2017 several new bars, shops, bistros and venues have opened in the centre of the town, along with a rejuvenated market under new management.

Close by to the Cricket Ground is the Weavers Cottage. This is a characterful 18th century loom shop, which has been restored as a small museum containing a Victorian kitchen, a clog shop and a working hand loom.

The Rossendale Valley's local newspaper, the Rossendale Free Press was originally based in Rawtenstall, before being bought out by the Manchester Evening News in 2009 and subsequently moving to Manchester. Rawtenstall also has one of the largest indoor markets in Rossendale (a sign declaring it to be "probably the friendliest market in the world"), which suffered a serious arson attack in March 2011.

The town is also home to the traditional herbalist and temperance bar Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health, which claims to be the oldest brewer of sarsaparilla and dandelion and burdock in the country. Fitzpatrick's gained television acclaim in April 2005 when it won the Famous Sarsaparilla Taste-off on ITV. It is the last bar of its kind in England.

The acclaimed fashion boutique Sunday Best was opened in 1971 by Jan Shutt and is situated on Bank Street. Sunday Best won The Daily Telegraph magazine's best shop in Britain award for women's fashion in 2011 whilst Roland's Florist on Bacup Road was runner up in the best florist category. The awards were judged by TV shopping guru Mary Portas.

Police facilities in Rawtenstall were one of five sites used for the training of new recruits to the Lancashire Constabulary. In late 2011, due to funding cuts, Rawtenstall Police Station, along with various other stations in the area, closed down. Rawtenstall is also the location of the area's county and magistrates' courts.

Culture
Rawtenstall was featured in the documentary series Who Do You Think You Are? which was aired on BBC2 at 9.00pm on 2 February 2006. The subject, actress Jane Horrocks, was born in Rawtenstall in 1964.

The Irwell Sculpture Trail passes through the town, where four of the sculptures are located; the Whispering Wall, the Gateway, the Willow Tree and the Bocholt Tree. The last, by sculptor Bernard Tindall, celebrates Rossendale's twinning links with the town of Bocholt, Germany. The Shoe Trail also passes the outskirts of the town, and goes through nearby places such as Whitaker Park.

Whitaker Park and The Whitaker
Whitaker Park is located on the outskirts of the town centre, between Haslingden Road (A681) and Haslingden Old Road. It consists of the former house of the mill owner George Hardman, built in the 1840s, and originally standing in 28 acres of parkland. It is still set in extensive landscaped grounds. Donated to the township of Rawtenstall in 1902 by Richard Whitaker, who brought the house from Hardman for the purposes of civic recreation, the property is now known as The Whitaker, previously Rossendale Museum and Art Gallery. The gardens and surrounding land are laid out as a public park. The park itself has tennis courts, a bowling green, basketball court, an Incredible Edible area, a skateboard area and a playground as well as formal gardens and fountains.

The recently refurbished museum contains exhibits of local history, gallery spaces, and a cabinet of curiosities room. There is an extensive exhibition of taxidermy, and gallery areas for displaying contemporary art and other exhinbitions. Arthur Mee considered it 'one of the best small museums in the North', saying "...perhaps the most fascinating things in the museum are the Domestic Bygones, with hourglasses, toys and spinning wheels, snuff boxes and tinder boxes, the sand dredgers used before blotting-paper was known, rushlights and moulds for making candles, a grand collection of the homely things our forefathers (sic) used". In 2019 The Whitaker was awarded a National Lottery Heritage Fund award of £1.7 million to convert the museum and the former barn and stables. This has doubled its size and enabled the museum to develop its displays and education work, its cafe/restaurant and bar, as well as the study spaces and a shop. It reopened at the end of July 2021, and now includes the old Rossendale Council Parks Department yard at the rear which has been converted to a multi-purpose public area.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada. Television signals are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter and one of the two local relay transmitters (Haslingden and Bacup ).

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Lancashire on 95.5 FM, Heart North West on 105.4 FM, Capital Manchester and Lancashire on 107.0 FM, Greatest Hits Radio Lancashire on 96.5 FM, and Rossendale Radio, a community based radio station which broadcast to the town on 104.7 FM

The town's local newspaper is the Lancashire Telegraph.

Sport
Rawtenstall is home to the North of England's largest dry ski-slope. Ski Rossendale is located five minutes from Rawtenstall town centre in the Oakenhead area, directly above Whitaker Park and Rossendale Museum. Over its 40-year existence it had seen world record attempts and was used by Olympic athletes and novice skiers. It re-opened after a period of closure in November 2011 with new funding, with a large ceremonial fireworks display on its opening day, Bonfire Night.

Rawtenstall Cricket Club, who compete in the Lancashire League, have their home ground, Worswick Memorial Ground, within the town. Rawtenstall is also home to Rossendale RUFC, who compete in the Regional 1 North West.

Notable people
Sport
 * David Whitehead (1790–1865) Lancashire businessman, developed several mills in Rawtenstall.
 * Peter Haddon (1898–1962) an English actor.
 * Ernest Tomlinson (1924–2015) – composer, noted for his light music
 * Brian S. Hartley (1926–2021) a British biochemist and academic
 * Fred Tomlinson (1927–2016) – singer, songwriter and composer
 * Elizabeth Bainbridge (born 1930) – retired opera singer
 * John Egan (born 1939) industrialist, past president of the Confederation of British Industry
 * Jane Horrocks (born 1964) – actress, voice artist, musician and singer, Absolutely Fabulous
 * Natalie Casey (born 1980) – actress, starred in Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps
 * Phil Lester (born 1987) – YouTuber and BBC Radio 1  presenter.
 * Winston Place (1914−2002) cricketer, opening batsman for Lancashire
 * Colin Blant (born 1946) an English retired footballer with over 260 club caps
 * Mark Brennan (born 1965) a former footballer with 462 club caps
 * Lee Cartwright (born 1972) – retired footballer who made over 400 league appearances for Preston North End
 * Thomas Hamer (born 1998) – Parasport swimmer

title: Rawtenstall


text:
1954 Northwest Territories general election

The 1954 Northwest Territories general election was held on September 7, 1954. It was the only provincial / territorial election held in Canada that year.

This election saw the number of elected candidates increase by one.

Appointed members
Note:
 * Frank Cunningham was also deputy commissioner.

Elected members
For complete electoral history, see individual districts


text:
Bouyon

Bouyon (Boion; Boione) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Situated 30 km northwest of Nice, Bouyon offers magnificent panoramic views of the Alps, and features a traditional château and communal bread oven. Local leisure activities include hiking, mountain-biking, tennis, and fishing, and there is an annual Fête in June and August.

title: Bouyon


text:
Depayin massacre

The Depayin massacre (ဒီပဲယင်း လူသတ်မှု) occurred on 30 May 2003 in Tabayin (Depayin), a town in Myanmar's Sagaing Division (now Sagaing Region), when at least 70 people associated with the National League for Democracy were killed by a government-sponsored mob. In an April 2012 interview, Khin Nyunt, formerly the country's prime minister, claimed that he personally intervened to save Aung San Suu Kyi's life during the massacre, by mobilising his men to bring her to a safe location at a nearby army cantonment.

Commission observations
In making this statement, the Asian Legal Resource Centre concurs with the preliminary findings of the Ad Hoc Commission on the Depayin Massacre, presented on 25 June 2003. In its summary observations on the attack, the Ad Hoc Commission observed that the attack was clearly premeditated and well organised, as indicated by the following:

 * 1) Up to 5,000 persons were brought to a remote rural location for the purpose of attacking the NLD convoy.
 * 2) The attackers were all well-armed and located strategically at two killing sites.
 * 3) Before the motorcade arrived, local authorities threatened people living in nearby villages to stay indoors.
 * 4) The authorities systematically searched for and arrested survivors of the attack.

ALRC opinion
The Asian Legal Resource Centre is of the opinion that the massacre at Depayin clearly amounts to a "widespread or systematic attack directed against [a] civilian population, with a knowledge of the attack" (article 7.1 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court) and is therefore a crime against humanity. To date, however, there has been no serious action taken on the massacre.

title: Depayin massacre


text: User talk:71.116.170.149

title: User talk:71.116.170.149


text: Category:Rescue equipment

title: Category:Rescue equipment