text:
User talk:Hky3212002

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Regarding edits made to Hickory, North Carolina
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April 2010
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title: User talk:Hky3212002


text:
The Sphere

The Sphere (officially Große Kugelkaryatide N.Y., also known as Sphere at Plaza Fountain, WTC Sphere or Koenig Sphere) is a monumental cast bronze sculpture by German artist Fritz Koenig (1924–2017).

The world's largest bronze sculpture of modern times stood between the Twin Towers on the Austin J. Tobin Plaza of the World Trade Center in New York City from 1972 until the September 11 attacks. The work, weighing more than 20 tons, was the only remaining work of art to be recovered largely intact from the ruins of the collapsed Twin Towers. After being dismantled and stored near a hangar at John F. Kennedy International Airport, the sculpture was the subject of the 2001 documentary Koenig's Sphere. Since then, the bronze sphere has become a memorial for the attacks.

The sculpture was installed in Battery Park between 2002 and 2017, when the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey moved it to Liberty Park, overlooking the September 11 Memorial and its original location. The sculpture, rededicated at its permanent location on August 16, 2017, has been kept in the badly damaged condition it was found in after the September 11 attacks.

Artwork
The creation of the originally titled Große Kugelkaryatide N.Y. / Great Caryatid  Sphere  N.Y. (catalogue raisonné Sk 416)  dates to the 1960s and early 1970s. At that time Fritz Koenig was established as an artist in the United States. After the World Trade Center's architect Minoru Yamasaki had seen the work of the German sculptor in the George W. Staempfli Gallery in New York, he asked Koenig to create a sculpture including a fountain for the space between the World Trade Center's twin towers, which were then under construction. In 1967, Koenig was awarded the contract by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey as the client and property owner of the development.

The Sphere falls into Koenig's creative phase of various caryatids, in which Koenig stages a struggle with constricting or burdensome geometrizing masses. With his sculpture Koenig wanted to mark a formal contrast to the skyscrapers. Mounted on a porphyry disk measuring 3.3 ft high, with a diameter of 82 ft, the sphere rotated once around its axis within 15 minutes. One hundred and sixty gallons of water (600 liters) per second flowed out of the nozzles of the associated Plaza Fountain. The well water was sprayed in a ring running around the sphere onto a flat surface adjacent to the sphere. This should give the impression that the spherical caryatid rises out of the water. The highly complex technology of the system was designed at the Institute for Hydrology and River Basin Management at the Technical University of Munich, where Koenig had been a lecturer since 1964. The largest bronze sculpture of modern times weighs over twenty tons, is 25 ft high and has a diameter of 17 ft. Koenig called it his "biggest child".

The sculpture was made between late 1968/early 1969 to the end of 1971 in Ganslberg near Landshut, where Fritz Koenig lived. The work on the plaster model in its original size required the construction of a new workshop hall near Koenig's homestead and actual studio. Koenig was supported in the production of his work of art by his long-time assistant Hugo Jahn and the South Tyrolean sculptor Josef Plankensteiner. From 1969 the plaster elements of the sphere, dismantled into 67 individual parts, were cast in bronze in the Munich art foundry Hans Mayr. Then the individual bronze segments with a total combined weight of seventeen tons were brought to the workshop in Ganslberg and assembled there.

After four years of planning and manufacturing, the finished sculpture was dismantled again and transported to the port of Bremen with low loaders and trucks. The bronze elements of the sphere and the base were put together again on site so that Koenig's sculpture as a whole could set off by sea across the Atlantic to New York in a specially made, oversized wooden transport box. In 1971, The Sphere was finally installed on the World Trade Center's plaza and ceremoniously unveiled a little later. The sculpture, including the fountain, marked the center of the development and was a popular meeting place for New Yorkers. The work of art was dedicated to "world peace through trade". The original name "Große Kugelkaryatide N.Y." did not catch on with the New Yorkers. They called the spherical sculpture "Koenig Sphere" or simply "The Sphere".

Immediately after the attacks
After the September 11 attacks, upon recovery from the rubble pile the sculpture was dismantled and sent to storage near John F. Kennedy International Airport. Its extraction had been widely covered in local news media in the New York metropolitan area. As it was a memorable feature of the Twin Towers site, there was much discussion about using it in a memorial, especially since it seemed to have survived the attacks relatively intact.

German film director Percy Adlon, who had twice previously devoted films to Koenig, made Koenigs Kugel (Koenig's Sphere) at a time when the sculpture's fate was still uncertain. In the film, the artist and the director visit Ground Zero five weeks after the attacks as the former retells the story of its creation. At first, Koenig opposed reinstalling The Sphere, considering it "a beautiful corpse".

Relocation to Battery Park
The sculpture was eventually returned to Manhattan, and on March 11, 2002, six months to the day after the attacks, it was re-erected in Battery Park, near the Hope Garden, several blocks away from where it once stood. Koenig himself supervised the work; it took four engineers and 15 ironworkers to create a new base. Mayor Michael Bloomberg, his predecessor Rudy Giuliani and other local officials spoke at a ceremony rededicating it as a memorial to the victims. "It was a sculpture, now it's a monument", Koenig said, noting how the relatively fragile metal globe had mostly survived the cataclysm. "It now has a different beauty, one I could never imagine. It has its own life – different from the one I gave to it."

A plaque alongside The Sphere read as follows: "For three decades, this sculpture stood in the plaza of the World Trade Center. Entitled The Sphere, it was conceived by artist Fritz Koenig as a symbol of world peace. It was damaged during the tragic events of September 11, 2001, but endures as an icon of hope and the indestructible spirit of this country. The Sphere was placed here on March 11, 2002 as a temporary memorial to all who lost their lives in the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center.This eternal flame was ignited on September 11, 2002 in honor of all those who were lost. Their spirit and sacrifice will never be forgotten."

Relocation to Liberty Park
According to NYC Parks spokeswoman Vickie Karp, the city was looking to relocate The Sphere in summer 2012, when construction began to restore Battery Park's lawn, requiring the sculpture to be moved. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), which owns The Sphere, considered placing the sculpture in Liberty Park, located between the 90 West Street building and the World Trade Center Memorial site. Liberty Park would not be constructed until at least 2014, so a temporary location was needed to place The Sphere. By February 2011, PANYNJ had not made an official final decision on where to place the sculpture once Battery Park construction commenced, requiring the sculpture to be moved, possibly into storage.

An online petition created by 9/11 families demanding the return of The Sphere to the 9/11 Memorial gained more than 7,123 signatures. Officials from the 9/11 Memorial stated that they did not want any 9/11 artifacts cluttering the 8-acre memorial plaza. On June 28, 2012, PANYNJ expressed support for the effort to move The Sphere to the plaza of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum. After a public comment by Michael Burke during a meeting of the Board of Commissioners, Executive Director Patrick J. Foye stated:

"The point that Mr. Burke made resonates with many people in New York and New Jersey and many people here at the Port Authority, especially given the fact that 84 members of the Port Authority family were killed on 9/11. This is an artifact that survived and was affected by the horrors of 9/11, and placing it on the memorial plaza, we think, is entirely appropriate."

- Patrick J. Foye, head of Port Authority, who supported making The Sphere a part of the 9/11 Memorial

When Liberty Park opened in June 2016, the question had not been resolved. On July 22, 2016, the Port Authority voted to move the sculpture to Liberty Park, and in August 2017, PANYNJ relocated the sculpture to Liberty Park. On September 6, 2017, the Sphere was unveiled in its permanent home in Liberty Park, overlooking the World Trade Center site. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey held a ceremony at Liberty Park on November 29, 2017, to mark its return to the World Trade Center site.

Documentary
In his documentary Koenigs Kugel - der deutsche Bildhauer Fritz Koenig im Trümmerfeld von Ground Zero ("Koenig's Sphere"), the German director Percy Adlon shows Koenig's encounter with his badly damaged work of art a few days after the September 11 attacks and its subsequent conversion to a memorial. In it, Koenig recalls The Sphere origin and talks about transience and the transformation of art following the attacks.

Book
A limited edition of the book THE SPHERE - Vom Kunstwerk zum Mahnmal / THE SPHERE - From Artwork to Memorial was published in June 2021, the 50th anniversary of the sculpture's installation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Sphere


text:
Serena Altschul

Serena Altschul (born October 13, 1970) is an American broadcast journalist, known for her work at MTV News and CBS.

Early life and education
Altschul was born in New York City to Siri von Reis, an author and botanist, and Arthur Altschul, a member of the Lehman banking family. Her mother was of half-Finnish and half-Swedish ancestry and her father was of Jewish ancestry. After her parents divorced, two-year-old Serena and two of her siblings grew up living with their mother.

Serena has four siblings including brother Arthur Goodhart Altschul Jr. and sister Emily Altschul Miller. Her half-brothers are Charles Altschul and Stephen Altschul from her father's previous marriage.

Serena attended Scripps College for a few years; she studied English literature but did not graduate. In 1993, while still in college, she was the associate producer of The Last Party, a political documentary.

Career
After school, she worked for two years at Channel One News, a channel which was seen nationwide in high schools, as an anchor/reporter. In 1987 she landed a job at MTV and in January 1996 she started working for MTV News.

She also hosted shows such as MTV News: UNfiltered, Breaking it Down and hosted and produced True Life. From 2002 to 2003 Altschul worked at CNN. She was the host and producer of a CNN special about the return of PCP. She continued to work for MTV News while at CNN. On December 23, 2003, she was named a CBS News contributing correspondent. Since 2013 she has appeared on CBS Sunday Morning. She played herself on Jay-Z's 1999 song, "Dope Man". She appeared as herself in the films Light It Up, Queen of the Damned, and Josie and the Pussycats.

Awards

 * Edward R. Murrow Award – Sports Reporting 2007

title: Serena Altschul


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Sutton

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:52, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Michael_Sutton
This is a vanity page about my uncle. However, neither he nor I wrote it. I found this on accident and he had no idea as to its existence. There is also inaccurate information the article. For example, he didn't co-found those magazines. And neither is he married as the article states at the end. He isn't that well-known Chris 05:44, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Maybe a different Michael Sutton? Not related perhaps? Hamster Sandwich 06:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment No, there are accurate things in this article. Definitely him. --Chris 06:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment If neither you nor Michael Sutton himself (nor anyone else in the family) wrote it, it's not really a vanity article. Do any of the accurate things in the article establish his notability? If you could correct the inaccuracies first, then Wikipedians could better decide whether they think he's notable enough for an article. It's also possible someone has conflated two Michael Suttons, finding some things out about your uncle and other things about the other guy, and thought they were the same person. --Angr/undefined 06:41, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I won't bother with fixing the inaccuracies. I'm really not interested in doing so even if I had the correct information; it was my uncle who said the stuff was inaccurate so he's in a better position than I am to fix it. It's funny you mention the two Michael Suttons thing because that is how the whole thing started in the first place. I was demonstrating to my grandmother (she is not familiar with computers) that there are multiple Michael Suttons on the internet via Google. And we were shocked when this page showed up. I've been on Wikipedia for a while and never saw this page (well it was created last month). But yeah, all this is very strange. --Chris 08:48, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, if you say he's nonnotable, I'll take you're word for it. Delete. --Angr/undefined 09:26, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Hopefully notable in the future. ;-) --Chris 09:58, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete While I am sure he is a good researcher on rock music especially Pinoy music, it would appear that he is not notable enough to warrant an article. Capitalistroadster 07:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Seems notable. Hamster Sandwich 07:17, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 09:14, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax or mixup as per the guy's nephew. Dcarrano 12:56, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Dcarrano. Binadot 21:43, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Page might have been made to slander him.  Almafeta 02:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: File:The pillows - RUNNERS HIGH.jpg

title: File:The pillows - RUNNERS HIGH.jpg


text: User talk:59.145.106.130

title: User talk:59.145.106.130


text:
Robert Craigie (diplomat)

Sir Robert Leslie Craigie, GCMG, CB, PC (6 December 1883 – 16 May 1959) was the British ambassador in Japan from 1937 to 1941.

Ambassador
In June 1939, on the authority of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Craigie successfully managed to end the Tientsin incident with only limited loss to British prestige. During the course of negotiations with the Japanese, Craigie took advantage of divisions within the Japanese leadership, especially between the prime minister, Hiranuma Kiichirō, who wished for a greater degree of control over the military, and the military itself, which wanted less civilian control.

In July 1939, Craigie took part in negotiations with Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Hachiro Arita, leading to the acceptance of the Craigie–Arita formula by which the British government agreed not to resist Japanese actions in China but did not recognise their legality. In July 1940, following the arrest of several British nationals in Japan, he suggested to the British government to arrest some Japanese nationals in British territory against whom a case could be made in court as a move to prove Japanese subversive intentions against Britain.

On the morning of 8 December 1941, he received from Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Shigenori Togo an official document, stating that negotiations with the US government had failed but without mentioning any war between the Japanese and the British governments.

As one of the Allied diplomats interned in Japan until agreement was reached for their repatriation, he observed the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. Initial reports said that it was a "practice raid", but one staff member (Pleasant) was sure from the start that it was a real raid, and won several bets from sceptics. Craigie said that Japanese staff had been amused at the embassy's air raid precautions as the idea of an attack on Tokyo was "laughable" with the allies in retreat, but the guards now showed "considerable excitement and perturbation". Several false alarms followed, and in poorer districts, people rushed into the streets, shouted and gesticulated, lost their normal "iron control" over their emotions and showed a "tendency to panic". The police guards on Allied and neutral missions were doubled to foil xenophobic attacks, but the guard on the German mission was "tripled".

On 30 July 1942, Craigie and staff left Japan on board the Tatsuta Maru, returning to Britain via Lourenço Marques in East Africa (today Maputo, Mozambique).

After returning to Britain in 1942, Craigie suggested that a more conciliatory policy towards the Japanese government would have postponed the outbreak of war in the Far East and would have allowed the British government more time to prepare for such a war.

In 1945, he served briefly as the chairman of the United Nations War Crimes Commission.

Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Robert Craigie, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 8 works in 10+ publications in 1 language and 200+ library holdings.

 * Behind the Japanese mask (1945)
 * Ten years in Japan: a contemporary record drawn from the diaries and private and official papers of Joseph C. Grew, United States ambassador to Japan, 1932-1942 by Joseph Grew; foreword by Robert Craigie (1944)

title: Robert Craigie (diplomat)


text:
Talk:Tevye

Basque???
The following was recently and anonymously added to the article. I doubt it, and it has no cited source, so I have brought it over here pending citation.

 * Note: Although Tevye, the character in Aleichem's famous folk stories is yiddish, the name itself comes from basque origin. Apparently the name Tevya or Tevja musn't be confused with Tevye since both names have different roots regardless of their similarity. *basque: relative to the people and language of Pais Vasco (Euskadi), in northern Spain.

-- Jmabel | Talk 05:50, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I see it has now been re-added, citing two large books, without indicating page numbers, which makes it impossible to check. I am trying to understand: are you just claiming that the name exists in Basque (in which case, I believe you, but so what?) or saying that Shalom Aleichem was aware of the Basque name? As far as I know, Tevye is a perfectly normal (if not terribly common) Yiddish name. The fact that a similar name exists in another language is neither here nor there. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:04, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Tevye is a Yiddish form of teh Hebrew name Tuvya (טוביה), literally "God is good." The fact that there may be a similar sounding name in Basque is highly irrelevant. Danny 11:01, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

I cannot possibly understand the attitude of disclaimers, I mean the entry for which I have written the lower note was simply "Tevye" not "Tevye in Shalom Aleichem's literature" nor "Tevye as a character in stories" but simply "Tevye", for what I would appreciate if my note was accepted. I?m not trying to make a judgement on Aleichem but merely on "Tevye" as an entry. If I've caused any trouble then I offer my sincere excuses. I understood this was a free place to remark assertions in order to make information extensive for users. Iñaki Ibarreche (from Bilbao, Spain). (anon 27 July 2005)

 * OK, I can see now that this was done with good intention, but I can also see that you are confused on one aspect of how Wikipedia works. (By the way, if you open an account people can address remarks like this specifically to you on your user talk page, instead of on an article talk page.) Wikipedia is not organized like a dictionary that puts all uses of the same word in a single entry. Each page has a single topic. The topic of this article is the Shalom Aleichem character. It merits the simple title Tevye because in the English-speaking world, references to Tevye will overwhelmingly be to this character. If there is another article that logically would have Tevye as a title, we should add a page Tevye (disambiguation) that would lead to those, and add a link from this article to the disambiguation page. For an example of how this works, see John Ford and John Ford (disambiguation). (However, in general, forenames as such don't merit articles.) -- Jmabel | Talk 05:03, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Moving here the remaining part of Basque saga: ←Humus sapiens←ну? 08:24, 14 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Diaz-Mas, Paloma. "Romancero: fuentes documentales medievales del Pais Vasco", Critica, Madrid, 2003. ISBN: 8484321568.
 * Iraola, Nicolas. "Dictionary of Basque Names", French & European Pubns. Bilbao, 1989. ISBN: 0785949348.

 * Shouldn't the movies have separate articles? Celcius 13:07, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It would be perfectly acceptable to write such articles, but right now this is certainly not big enough for there to be a reason to split it up. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:53, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Alfred Molina
Cut from article: "Currently Alfred Molina Plays Tevye In "The Fiddler On The Roof". He Has Been Tevye For Two Years Now." If it was just the weird capitalization, I'd have fixed it. But:

 * 1) Where?
 * 2) When (currently as of what year?)

In particular, is this notable? Zero Mostel and Topol pretty much created the role, so they merit mention. Is Molina in a production that is likely to have a similar impact on the role? - Jmabel | Talk 04:41, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

observations
"Most famously" is used, twice. Also, the article appears to begin with a run-on sentence. Brian Pearson 02:04, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I just addressed most of this. I think "most famously" with reference to Fiddler is probably appropriate. - Jmabel | Talk 17:48, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Unquestionably. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 22:03, 13 October 2019 (UTC)

Yiddish spelling
In this article, Tevye's name is spelled in Yiddish as טעוויע. In Yiddish language, the spelling used is טבֿיה. Does anyone know which one was actually used by Sholom Aleichem? AJD 14:56, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Follow the link to the corresponding article on the Yiddish Wikipedia (yes, there is such a thing...) and you'll see this image. Evidently טעוויע is how it was spelled by Sholom Aleichem, though the name is a variant on the Hebrew טוביה. --woggly 15:16, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * (At least, it's widely believed to be a variant of טוביה. It may also be a variant of "David".) AJD 19:02, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Soviet editions used the phonetic orthography טעוויע, but the initial publication used the etymological טבֿיה. (I have a 1919 edition at hand.) --Futhark|Talk 21:04, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Here's the way it appears in the 1939 film (despite this image being from the cover of the DVD release) http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/B0007G8W48/ --Futhark|Talk 21:16, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, that's good enough for me. Sorry I reverted you, it was just that your edit flew in the face of the evidence I had just seen, but your explanation makes sense. --woggly 21:30, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for having called my attention to that image. You might want to take a second look at it, though, and see if you feel that it provides evidence for changing the way the author's own name should be spelled in the article on Sholom Aleichem. I've added a few words about this to the article on Yiddish orthography together with links to the Soviet title page and that of a U.S. edition. --Futhark|Talk 21:01, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Characterization of Tevye in the 39 film
I watched the 1939 film, and the characterization of Tevye's character here is baseless. If a critical review is produced that gives that assessment, it can be added, but I will delete it —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.114.164.64 (talk) 07:10, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tevye


text:
Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan

The Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan, also translated as Marriage Destinies to Awaken the World, The Bonds of Matrimony, A Marriage to Awaken the World and A Romance to Awaken the World, is a Chinese classic novel of the late Ming or early Qing dynasty. Consist of 100 chapters and over one million words, it was one of the longest Chinese novels of the period. Scholar Daria Berg calls it "one of China's most underrated traditional vernacular novels" and "one of the most grand-scale explorations of the world in fiction", a saga of two families, one a reincarnation of the other, whose "catalog of vices and moral decay conjures up the apocalyptic vision of a doomed nation".

Originally named E Yinyuan (惡姻緣, A Cursed Marital Fate), the novel takes the Buddhist doctrine of karma and vipāka as its basic motif.

Authorship and text
The novel was published under the pen name Xizhou Sheng (西周生), that is, "Scholar of the Western Zhou" (the Zhou dynasty's Golden Age). Hu Shih's confident announcement in 1931 of his discovery that it was written by Pu Songling has been "largely discredited". Nothing about the author is known, though authorship has been "wrongly" attributed to Pu on the grounds that the novel contains many phrases from the Shandong dialect, as does Jin Ping Mei (indeed Jin Ping Mei is quoted in the novel).

The date of composition lies between 1628 and 1681, placing it either in the late Ming or early Qing dynasty. It shares structural features and techniques with the Four Classic Ming Novels, such as the 100-chapter paradigmatic length, which is broken down into ten-chapter units, often punctuated with climactic or prophetic episodes in the ninth and tenth chapters. Other shared features are the careful use of prefiguring and recurrence, use of the devices of oral literature, and highly expressive colloquial style. The author uses crude sexual and scatological expressions, but the scenes of actual sex are comparatively restrained ("As for what transpired after the lamp was blown out, you can use your imagination – there's no need to go into details").

Plot
The plot is split between the two incarnations of a married couple. The victim of earlier wickedness will seek retribution by being a tormenting wife in the later reincarnation. In the first, set in the Han dynasty, the lascivious actions of Chao Yuan dissipate his family fortune in reckless living and tortures his father and wife until he is murdered. Retribution for his actions is visited upon his reincarnation, Di Xichen, in the early Ming dynasty, who after failing as a scholar becomes a prosperous merchant and is tormented by two shrewish wives, Sujie and Jijie. Xichen suffers for Chao Yuan's crimes. In the final chapters, Xichen is saved from certain death by a monk. He then vows to abstain from killing, chants the Diamond Sutra, and leads a virtuous life with one of his wives until he dies at the age of 85.

The author paints this serious family drama against a satirical panorama not only of officials, scholars, and teachers, for whom he has little respect, but cooks, midwives, and doctors. All provide examples of lechery, drunkenness, and love of money, yet each of the characters is given individual personality and particular language. The author makes precise use of proverbs, xiehouyu, and curses in the Shandong style, but also literary poetry, fiction, and writings. One of the author’s techniques is to pair one character against another of the same profession or type. Xichen is made to seem all the more inept, for instance, in contrast to his capable assistant, and his wives all the more ill-tempered in contrast with better women.

Moral teachings
The intricate plot and didactic structure are centered on the Buddhist themes of rebirth, karmic retribution, and compassion but also on Confucian precepts of morality, hierarchy, and duty in society. By setting the action in the early Ming, between the 1440s and the 1490s, a time which seemed almost utopian, the author can dramatize the following breakdown of social order, with Heaven sending a destructive flood as a warning. The gross violation of Confucian concepts of propriety applies not only to the relations between man and wife, or between children and their parents and teachers, but is also extended to the other phases of the "five cardinal relationships" as well. The disorder in the family is linked to the Tumu Crisis of 1449, an actual historical incident in which Mongols captured the Emperor. The inversion of proper principles in the family echoes the proverbial "muddleheaded sovereign" (hun-zhun) of a dynasty going to ruin.

Yet Xichen's final awakening also leaves the reader room for hope. In the second plot, ostensibly set in the early Ming dynasty, the author is especially concerned with transgressions against social hierarchy, whether within marriage, such as the wife dominating the husband, or in society at large, such as transgression of social class boundaries, and presents the literate elite as weak and selfish.

Reputation and evaluations
The novel received relatively little serious critical attention in China until the campaign for Vernacular Chinese during the May Fourth Movement in the early 20th century. Hu Shih and Xu Zhimo hailed its verbal vigor and vaunted its graphic descriptions of contemporary social life as a source-book for the study of popular culture, social, economic, and institutional history of its time. Hu Shih complained, however, that the book "is about a million words in length. Throughout these million words on a most unhappy marriage, no one seemed to think of resorting to divorce as a solution", for "Chinese religion, morals, and social usage all conspired to make divorce impossible". Literary studies of the novel in China did not become frequent until the 1980s, when scholarly editions appeared both in Taiwan and on the mainland.

The novel also received much more Western critical appraisal in the 21st century. The novel was described by Kenneth J. Hammond as "an important work of literary and intellectual history". The Journal of the American Oriental Society hailed it as "one of the masterworks of traditional Chinese fiction".

title: Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan


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Talk:Colm Kearney

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This page was nominated for deletion but no consensus was reached. See Votes for deletion/Colm Kearney. Postdlf 05:52, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

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Angel Locsin

Angelica Locsin Colmenares (born April 23, 1985) is a Filipino actress and humanitarian. She is known for her dramatic roles and portrayals of heroines and mythological characters in film and television. She is a recipient of various accolades, including four Star Awards, three FAMAS Awards, two Box Office Entertainment Awards, and a Luna Award.

Born in Santa Maria, Bulacan, Locsin attended the University of Santo Tomas Junior High School. She began her acting career in the early 2000s by appearing in supporting roles on screen. She had her breakthrough as the avian-human hybrid protagonist in the fantasy series Mulawin (2004), before starring as the titular superhero in the Ravelo Komiks Universe series Darna (2005) to critical acclaim. For her role as a fledgling lycanthrope in the supernatural drama series Lobo (2008), Locsin earned an International Emmy Award nomination for Best Actress. She appeared in well-received romantic dramas, such as Love Me Again (2009), In the Name of Love (2011), and Unofficially Yours (2012), the last of which is Locsin's highest-grossing release to date. The family drama One More Try (2012), in which she played a single mother caring for her sick son, garnered her Best Actress wins at the Box Office Entertainment, FAMAS, Luna, and Star Awards. She received a Star Award for Best Drama Actress for her portrayal of an indoctrinated military nurse in the spy-action thriller series The General's Daughter (2019).

Known for her humanitarian efforts, Locsin has been named one of Asia's Heroes of Philanthropy by Forbes and Asia's Leaders of Tomorrow by Tatler. She promotes various causes, including disaster relief, education, and women's rights. Locsin was noted for her field missions to settlement camps of internally displaced persons during the 2017 armed conflicts in Mindanao. A public figure, she was cited as the world's sexiest woman by FHM Philippines in 2005 and 2010.

Early life and background
Angelica Locsin Colmenares was born on April 23, 1985, in Santa Maria, Bulacan, to Angelo and Emma Colmenares. Locsin's father was a swimmer who earned a bronze medal when the Philippine team won the 4×200-meter freestyle relay during the 1954 Asian Games in Manila. She has two younger siblings: Ella and Angelo. Locsin is reluctant to publicly discuss her family background; she was estranged from her mother until 2007, and has ties to a noble family in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, through her maternal relatives. Locsin and her siblings were raised by their father, who was later diagnosed with complete blindness. Locsin has said she regrets not being able to financially provide for her father's treatment at the onset of his condition. She shares a close bond with her father and credits him as "instrumental" to her achievements.

Locsin was educated at the University of Santo Tomas High School, where she was a member of the varsity swimming team. During this period, she was spotted running errands at SM City North EDSA by a talent scout, who arranged for her to audition for television commercials. After high school, she pursued acting and attended workshops under ABS-CBN's talent management arm Star Magic. She then unsuccessfully auditioned for a role in the teen series G-mik (1999).

2000–2007: Early roles and breakthrough
Locsin made her film debut as the young Robina Gokongwei in the 2000 biographical drama Ping Lacson: Super Cop. She then signed a management deal with GMA Network and received her first television part as a series regular in the second season of the teen show Click. She remained with the series from 2002 to 2004. Locsin followed this with guest roles in several television shows, including Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw (2002), Twin Hearts (2003), and Love to Love (2003). She appeared in the second and third installments of the Mano Po film franchise, Mano Po 2: My Home (2002) and Mano Po 3: My Love (2003).

Locsin's breakthrough role came as the avian-human hybrid protagonist in the fantasy action series Mulawin (2004). GMA Network executive Redgie Magno initially approached Maxene Magalona for the part, but offered Locsin the role at Magalona's suggestion. Dominic Zapata, the show's director, intended the concept of mythology to be a "break from Tagalized soaps", but also kept its "novelty" focused on the lead characters. The following year, Locsin starred as the titular superhero in the Ravelo Komiks Universe series Darna (2005), based on Mars Ravelo's comics superheroine of the same name. Locsin was initially hesitant about the part because it required her to drop out of Mulawin, and she felt the series would end prematurely if she left. Locsin agreed to the project after network executives convinced her to take the part. She trained in karate, wushu, and street fighting to prepare. The series garnered positive reviews, with praise for Locsin's portrayal; Nestor Torre Jr. of the Philippine Daily Inquirer described the production as modern and trailblazing, and commended Locsin's "strong presence". Similarly, Pepe Diokno, also from the Philippine Daily Inquirer, wrote that "the [show's] success can be attributed to [Locsin], as she attracts every block and wing of Pinoy society." During its premiere, Darna received the highest Nielsen ratings for a Filipino television series pilot episode with a reported 47.1percent viewership. Later that year, Locsin reprised the role of Alwina in Mulawin's film adaptation.

In 2006, Locsin starred as a sorceress in the fantasy series Majika alongside Dennis Trillo. In preparation for the part, she trained extensively in horseback riding with co-star and equestrienne Mikee Cojuangco-Jaworski. The show was a critical disappointment; Torre labeled it "less than magical": "Unfortunately, the show is so visuals-driven that the gifted actors don't really have much opportunity to show what they can do." Locsin was in three releases with Richard Gutierrez from 2006 to 2007. In the first, she starred in Mac Alejandre's romantic comedy I Will Always Love You as the love interest of Gutierrez's character. She then appeared in the fifth installment of the Mano Po film series, Mano Po 5: Gua Ai Di (2006). In the coming-of-age drama The Promise (2007), loosely based on Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights, Locsin portrayed a woman who falls in love with her adoptive brother. The film and her performance received negative reviews from critics; the Philippine Daily Inquirer thought Locsin's transition to adult roles was rushed, "inadequate" and "embarrassing", while critic Elyas Salanga found the film's narrative "typical" and "cliché". Next, she was cast opposite Robin Padilla in the action adventure series Asian Treasures (2007). She then played a facially disfigured victim of abuse in an episode of the anthology series Maalaala Mo Kaya. Locsin's performance earned her a Star Award for Best Single Performance by an Actress.

2008–2012: Established actress
Locsin rejected the title role in the television remake of Marimar after signing on to ABS-CBN's 2008 supernatural drama series Lobo. She portrayed Lyka Raymundo, a fledgling lycanthrope caught up in a war between factions of werewolves. She found the project challenging but felt the experience improved her acting methods. She received an International Emmy Award nomination for Best Actress for the series. Set in Bukidnon and Darwin, Northern Territory, the Rory Quintos-directed romantic drama Love Me Again (2009) featured Locsin and Piolo Pascual as ranchers going through financial struggles. Locsin, who is the sole breadwinner of her family, believed certain aspects of her character's life mirrored her own. Film critic Karen Caliwara called Locsin's performance an improvement from her previous releases and found "maturity in her portrayal". In April 2009, she reunited with Quintos for the comedy series remake Only You, based on the eponymous original Korean show.

Locsin portrayed the role of Lia Ortega, the daughter of her lycan character in the second installment of the Lobo series, Imortal (2010). In a review of the show, Bayani San Diego of the Philippine Daily Inquirer drew similarities between Imortal's vampire and werewolf fiction and that of The Twilight Saga, he added that "creatures of the dark are all the rage today, given the popularity of True Blood and The Vampire Diaries." Journalist Earl Villanueva, however, commended Locsin's character and storyline for its "easy transition into a logical sequel", and said the series "seems to be on the right track". Locsin's only film appearance in 2011 was in the star-crossed romantic drama In the Name of Love with director Olivia Lamasan, whose collaboration she found gratifying: "I've learned a lot, especially as to how film acting should be done... How you use your eyes, your position, and how you maximize camera angles... I didn't know those things before." To prepare for the role of a courtesan, she learned different styles of ballroom dances and trained in pole dance for three months. Critic Julia Allende praised her portrayal, and pairing with Aga Muhlach, describing it as "the most daring she [Locsin] has ever played" and deemed it a "beautifully nuanced performance". Locsin won the Star Award for Best Actress and the Box Office Entertainment Award for Film Actress of the Year for her role. Later that year, Locsin co-starred with Vhong Navarro in the sitcom Toda Max.

The romantic comedy Unofficially Yours, directed by Cathy Garcia-Molina, was Locsin's first film release of 2012. Co-starring John Lloyd Cruz, it featured her as a sexually promiscuous journalist afraid of commitment. Although the response to the film was mixed, critics were highly appreciative of Locsin's and Cruz's performances; Bibsy Carballo of The Philippine Star highlighted that "their characterizations are sharp, their dialogue smart and modern", but dismissed the film's plot as unoriginal. Writing for the Philippine Daily Inquirer, Torre found the leads' portrayals to be "earnest" and "committed". The film became Locsin's biggest commercial success to date, earning ₱194million (US$million) at the box office. The 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival saw the release of One More Try, a family drama about a single mother, played by Locsin, forced to reconnect with her estranged husband to be their son's stem cell donor. Her performance was well-received by critics; film reviewer Mark Ching called it "praise-worthy" and "formidable", while Torre believed her portrayal showed "no such inhibiting problem". Locsin was awarded the Box Office Entertainment, FAMAS, Luna, and Star Award for Best Actress for the role.

2013–present: Comedies and reality television
In 2013, Locsin featured in the ensemble comedy drama Four Sisters and a Wedding. She starred alongside Bea Alonzo, Shaina Magdayao, and Toni Gonzaga, as siblings with deliberate plans to prevent their brother from getting married. Rito Asilo of the Philippine Daily Inquirer was particularly impressed with her performance, writing, "[Locsin] also does well in a focused portrayal that is devoid of ego and vanity, you can sense her stepping back when the spotlight is on her co-actresses." Rappler's Carljoe Javier opined that Locsin and Alonzo "lent an emotional gravity to the film". Four Sisters and a Wedding was a commercial success, grossing ₱175million (US$million) at the box office. For the film, Locsin received FAMAS and Star Award nominations for Best Actress. She returned to television playing the lead role in the drama series The Legal Wife (2014). The Philippine Daily Inquirer was critical of the show's "mundane" and "predictable" theme, and Torre found Locsin's acting to be intolerable and "too livid".

After a one-year absence on screen, Locsin appeared in three productions in 2016. Her first release was Joyce Bernal's Everything About Her, a comedy drama co-starring Vilma Santos. Stephanie Mayo of the Daily Tribune termed Locsin's and Santos's portrayals as "effortless, natural, and searing"; The Philippine Star lauded the cast's acting as "compelling" and called the film a "finely-crafted family drama". At the Asia-Pacific Film Festival, Locsin won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film. She then served as a judge on the fifth season of the reality talent competition show Pilipinas Got Talent, based on the original British show franchise. Her final appearance that year was in The Third Party, a comedy that depicts the complex relationship in a throuple. Asilo dismissed the film as "more derivative than inventive" and stated that Locsin is "weighed down by her pushed, staccato delivery, and relies too much on knee-jerk realizations". Philbert Dy of ClickTheCity.com wrote, "[The film] seems to make its characters cry in lieu of telling their stories, or letting them hash out the complexity of what they're feeling."

The final installment of the Lobo series, La Luna Sangre, was Locsin's only screen appearance in 2017. She reprised the part of Lia Ortega from Imortal in the premiere episode, and later returned in a guest role as a vigilante vampire named Jacintha Magsaysay. In January 2018, she returned as a judge for the sixth season of Pilipinas Got Talent. Locsin began 2019 by starring in the spy-action thriller series The General's Daughter, in which she played an indoctrinated military nurse. She volunteered at the Armed Forces of the Philippines General Hospital before filming began, and in preparation, trained in Krav Maga, Muay Thai, and knife fighting. Locsin said of her approach to portraying roles outside mythology genres, "I try to humanize my character. Rhian is not a superhero. She has no powers. She has struggles, she has mistakes, she falls down, she fails, but she doesn't give up." Mozart Pastrano of the Philippine Daily Inquirer wrote of Locsin's performance, "She brought moral gravitas to her role, displaying her luminous looks, as well as uncommon physical stamina and skills." She received a Star Award and a Box Office Entertainment Award for Best Actress. In June 2020, Locsin hosted the public service show Iba Yan.

Philanthropy and activism
Locsin is identified as one of the most involved Filipino celebrities in humanitarian work and civic engagement. She is an active volunteer and an ambassador of the Philippine Red Cross. In the aftermath of typhoons Ketsana (Ondoy) and Parma (Pepeng) in 2009, she joined actress Anne Curtis and organized a fundraising initiative called "Shop & Share" which raised ₱1million in emergency assistance for the non-profit organization. She also provided ₱600,000 towards ABS-CBN Foundation's Sagip Kapamilya Fund. In 2013, Locsin auctioned her 1970 Chevrolet Chevelle and donated the proceeds to relief efforts for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). After the 2019 Cotabato earthquakes, she facilitated relief operations and contributed ₱1million in financial aid. Two years later, Locsin pledged to donate ₱2million to the Office of the Vice President of the Philippines to help the victims of Typhoon Rai (Odette). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Locsin and Curtis curated an auction which raised ₱6million in support of efforts to administer COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines.

Locsin has advocated for children's education. She has funded scholarships and personally contributed over US$300,000 to the cause. A vocal supporter of women's rights and gender equality, she has spoken about the stigma women face, "We're still in that stage. It is upsetting that, for me, we still lack efforts to prevent that [stigma] especially in our workplace, to have a comfortable and safe place for women." She also actively supports LGBT rights and describes herself as a "proud ally". In June2015, she voiced her approval of same-sex marriage, stating, "We should show respect, sensitivity, & compassion to one another... I'm not going to deny my LGBT friends the protection that straight people get... think of insurances, healthcare". Locsin has participated in a campaign against domestic violence. In 2020, she partnered with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Lunas Collective, a hotline for survivors and victims of domestic abuse, to raise awareness and promote international cooperation.

Locsin first witnessed the plight of the indigenous Lumads during a visit in Marawi, Lanao del Sur, to reconnect with her maternal relatives in 2009, an experience she later credited with having brought her a greater understanding of the situation. In 2015, she voiced her opposition and outrage amidst the violence and extrajudicial killings of the Lumads at the hands of paramilitary forces. During the 2017 siege in Marawi, an estimated 200,000 residents were forced to leave their homes, including 2,500 Lumads. In the following weeks, Locsin travelled to Mindanao and met with internally displaced persons at settlement camps in Baloi, Iligan, and Marawi, where she provided food supplies and financial aid.

Locsin has received wide recognition for her humanitarian work. In December 2019, Forbes magazine named her one of Asia's Heroes of Philanthropy for a decade of contributions to various philanthropic causes, and she was appointed an Ambassador for Peace and a Humanitarian Advocate by the Gawad Filipino Awards. She was recognized by Tatler magazine as one of Asia's Leaders of Tomorrow in the publication's annual Gen T list in October 2020. The following year, Locsin received the inaugural Spirit of Philanthropy Award from the Philippine Red Cross.

Reception and public image
Locsin is often regarded by critics as one of the "most sought after leading ladies" on film and television in the Philippines, and has been cited as one of the "greatest movie actresses" in the last decade by Yes! magazine. She has appeared in a range of film genres, but generally played roles in mainstream productions. Media critic James Anarcon praised her for being the rare actress who "allowed herself to be deglamorized". Metro magazine noted that as a young actress on the teen series Click, Locsin plays the "boyish but charming girl-next-door, which is not unlike the star's real down-to-earth persona". Locsin has said she bases her acting approach on her observations of people around her: "I guess part of being an actor is learning how to be sensitive to the needs of people... I always do research before taking on a role. As a result, I become more aware of what people outside my line of work are going through."

Early in her career, Locsin specialized in portraying heroines and mythological characters in fantasy and supernatural genres. Nathalie Tomada of The Philippine Star wrote, "No other actress but [Locsin], who first shot to fame through fantaseryes, can claim a record of strong and kickass female roles as extensive as hers." An interest in portraying an "action figure that departs from the sexy stereotype" has led Locsin to these roles. Locsin asserted, "You should not be limited to certain things". Meanwhile, writer Rommel Llanes dispelled the perception that portraying superheroes could hurt an actor's career, stating that Locsin is one of those exceptions. Her Darna co-star Celia Rodriguez called her "the best... bar none", saying, "She is perfect for the role. She had the figure for it. She was fearless. She refused to have a double even when portions of her body were badly hurt by the harness." Similarly, The Philippine Star considered Locsin as the "most fitting actress to have slipped on the iconic red suit and crest". Cathy Garcia-Molina, who directed Locsin in La Luna Sangre, and Robin Padilla, her co-star in Asian Treasures, commended her for doing her own stunts.

The media has described Locsin as the "real-life Darna" and an "angel in disguise" for her volunteerism and charitable work. Writing for Mega magazine, Rose Estellas lauded her for having the "heart to serve others" and for using her "influence and platform to continuously help and change the lives of Filipinos". Commenting on her off-screen persona, journalist Gerry Plaza wrote that she is "simple, unfiltered, unassuming". Locsin said, "I have no hero complex. I just believe that when there's a will there's a way. I will continue to help in different ways. Helping doesn't always have to involve giving away money."

Since her portrayal of the superhero Darna, Locsin has been cited as a sex symbol by many sources, including FHM Philippines who named her the world's sexiest woman in 2005 and 2010. She has been included in Yes! magazine's annual beauty list in 2009, 2014, 2016, and 2018. Sources for accolades from Yes! magazine's annual beauty list:
 * In 2009:
 * In 2014:
 * In 2016:
 * In 2018: In December 2011, Locsin received a star on the Philippines Walk of Fame.

Personal life
Locsin was in a relationship with actor Miko Sotto for six months until he died from a falling accident at his high-rise apartment building in Mandaluyong in December 2003. Locsin said of his death: "I had to let go no matter how hard and painful it was... I have to go on living". From 2005 to 2016, Locsin was romantically involved with high-profile personalities, including Miko Sotto's cousin Oyo Boy Sotto, her Majika co-star Dennis Trillo, former footballer Phil Younghusband, and actor Luis Manzano. In September 2017, Locsin began dating professional poker player and film producer Neil Arce. They became engaged in June 2019 and married two years later in a civil ceremony on July 26, 2021.

Acting credits and awards
According to the box-office site Box Office Mojo, Locsin's most commercially successful films include Love Me Again, In the Name of Love, Unofficially Yours, Four Sisters and a Wedding, and Everything About Her.

Locsin has been named Best Supporting Actress at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival for Everything About Her. For her role in One More Try, she was awarded the Box Office Entertainment, FAMAS, Luna and Star Award for Best Actress. She received a Box Office Entertainment and Star Award for In the Name of Love. In addition, for her role in the television series The General's Daughter, she received a Star Award for Best Actress, and won TV Actress of the Year and Best Acting Ensemble in a Drama Series at the Box Office Entertainment Awards.

title: Angel Locsin


text: User talk:203.52.184.19

title: User talk:203.52.184.19


text:
Polyethylene naphthalate

Polyethylene naphthalate (poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) or PEN) is a polyester derived from naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol. As such it is related to poly(ethylene terephthalate), but with superior barrier properties.

Production
Two major manufacturing routes exist for polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), i.e. an ester or an acid process, named according to whether the starting monomer is a diester or a diacid derivative, respectively. In both cases for PEN, the glycol monomer is ethylene glycol. Solid-state polymerization (SSP) of the melt-produced resin pellets is the preferred process to increase the average molecular weight of PEN.

Applications
Because it provides a very good oxygen barrier, it is well-suited for bottling beverages that are susceptible to oxidation, such as beer. It is also used in making high performance sailcloth.

Significant commercial markets have been developed for its application in textile and industrial fibers, films, and foamed articles, containers for carbonated beverages, water and other liquids, and thermoformed applications. It is also an emerging material for modern electronic devices.
 * PEN was the medium for Advanced Photo System film (discontinued in 2011).
 * PEN is used for manufacturing high performance fibers that have very high modulus and better dimensional stability than PET or Nylon fibers.
 * PEN is used as the substrate for most Linear Tape-Open (LTO) cartridges.

It also has been found to show excellent scintillation properties and is expected to replace classic plastic scintillators.

Benefits when compared to polyethylene terephthalate
The two condensed aromatic rings of PEN confer on it improvements in strength and modulus, chemical and hydrolytic resistance, gaseous barrier, thermal and thermo-oxidative resistance and ultraviolet (UV) light barrier resistance compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PEN is intended as a PET replacement, especially when used as a substrate for flexible integrated circuits.

title: Polyethylene naphthalate


text:
User talk:Rl/NPOV

.

title: User talk:Rl/NPOV


text:
Talk:John Fashanu

Fashanu Report
This needs more discussion. Clearly there's something going on. Here's a more neutral (less editorial) article. Rd232 talk 23:56, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it should be mentioned, albeit briefly, in his article. The AllAfrica.com here has statements of fact that should be included. Agg56tt (talk) 04:23, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

"Association football controversies" category
Why is this article in that category.........? -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 09:27, 21 August 2010 (UTC)                                         The match-fixing scandal in 1998. 109.158.105.181 (talk) 12:53, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

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Source material
--Dweller (talk) Become old fashioned! 14:12, 18 March 2019 (UTC)

Post-football career - possibly misleading statement
The Post-football career section starts by saying that "Following retirement from the game through injury, Fashanu became a television presenter. He presented the UK edition of Gladiators alongside Ulrika Jonsson in the 1990s". However the Gladiators article and other sources would suggest that he was co-presenter with Jonsson when the series started in 1992 (which is certainly my own memory). However he did not retire until an injury in 1995, meaning that he was presenting the programme while still playing. Thus it might be better to say something like "Even prior to his retirement from the game through injury, Fashanu was a television presenter. From 1992 he presented the UK edition of Gladiators alongside Ulrika Jonsson." Do other editors think this is a good way forward, or is there a better form of words? Dunarc (talk) 23:47, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Fashanu


text:
NGC 1705

NGC 1705 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy and a blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD) in the southern constellation of Pictor, positioned less than a degree to the east of Iota Pictoris, and is undergoing a starburst. With an apparent visual magnitude of 12.6 it requires a telescope to observe. It is estimated to be approximately 17 million light-years from the Earth, and is a member of the Dorado Group.

This is a relatively isolated galaxy, with its nearest neighbors being more than $12.56$ distant. However, its neutral hydrogen disk shows a significant amount of warp, suggesting that the outer gas is still settling into place. The mass models of the galaxy suggest the dominant source of mass is a dark matter halo. It has a super star cluster located near the galactic center, and shows strong galactic winds. Designated NGC1750–1, this cluster has a maximum radius of $500 kpc$ and is $2.85 pc$ Myr old.

The major starburst activity is happening at the core of the galaxy, within the central $12$, and this is providing the main ionizing source out to distance of $~150 pc$ or more. Over the last 10 million years it has added $~1 kpc$ worth of stars. The younger stars in the galaxy with an age below a billion years have an estimated $5.7 solar mass$ and are mainly concentrated near the center, while the older star populations have $6 solar mass$ and form a more extended distribution. The total mass of neutral hydrogen in the galaxy is estimated at $2.2 solar mass$.

title: NGC 1705


text:
Talk:Lillooet language

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lisannet.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:35, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Very interesting. Does it have a script? If so, is that written right to left too? -- Sundar \talk \contribs 06:03, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * We'll have to get a image sample with a transliteration and translation below. It'd also be interesting to show the alphabet. --Oldak Quill 17:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

And necesary (to show the alphabet) because St'at'imcets doesn't use the Latin characters to mean the same things they do in English; a prime example is St'at'imc itself, spelled Stl'atl'imx in more "ordinary" spelling (although [x]={h} is not found in English at all). The St'at'imcets usage of [t'] to mean the palatal fricative (?) [tl/kl]] sound is only one of the variations from standard Latin usage (even as used by neighbouring languages such as Secwepemc or Nlaka'pamux). It should therefore be a given that the page should describe the IPA, the St'at'imcets spelling, the "traditional" Latin/English spelling, as well as a non-IPA prononciation guide. At present, the list of placenames on the St'at'imc page is given in St'at'imcets spelling - but it's not useful at all unless you're already schooled in St'atimcets orthography. Not that I could ever pronounce Tli'tl'kt anyway (T'it'qet I think it is now)Skookum1 09:59, 19 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Further comment answering first post above - "does it have a script"? The Duployan shorthand was adapted by Fr. Lejeune of the Oblates for use with the Chinook Jargon by the Diocese of Kamloops.  While it was mostly used for Chinook Jargon, the Diocese's publication Kamloops Wawa (Talk/News from Kamloops) had the occasional prayer or hymn in Secwepemc, Nlaka'pamux, Halkemeylem - and St'at'imcets.  Not that the Duployan had any great ability at conveying complex gutturals, the palatal fricative, or even a decent range of vowels . . . Skookum1 10:03, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

/h/
The 1997 Van Eijk book states that  and  are classed as "resonants" (which I'm assuming is the same as sonorants) because they don't occur between or after consonants. Even after reading section 1.7 (which it directs me to), I'm not convinced that this is any compelling reason to classify as an approximant. I haven't read the entire book, but I'd imagine that there would be no part that will counter the notion that glottal approximants are physically impossible.  should be classified as a fricative. Although, granted, it isn't technically either a fricative or an approximant, the overwhelming linguistic convention is to put it in the fricatives row of a consonant chart. AEuSoes1 05:34, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi. Yes, sonorants = resonants. Here resonant (R) means a resonant consonant (i.e. excluding vowels). An approximant (in Ladefoged's sense) is a non-nasal resonant, or in other words, it is a higher level grouping of glides and liquids. Van Eijk himself does not use the term (many dont like it, perhaps because it has different definitions), using instead glide and liquid. But, this really doesnt matter much.

 * No language in the world contrasts a "glottal" approximant and a "glottal" fricative. So, whether you call them fricatives or approximants is irrelevant. Actually, h is really a voiceless vowel and has no significant amount of constriction which by definition excludes them from a fricative grouping phonetically. It was originally thought that h was articulated by a constriction at the glottis; however, it is now known that the fricative sound you hear when you say h is turbulence that is present throughout the entire vocal cavity (which means, of course, that h is not glottal but rather placeless). "Glottal" approximants are not impossible and seem to be the norm. All voiceless approximants have a small noise source often caused by a higher volume of airflow — this is also true with h. (It seems that there is finally a brief statement at Approximant consonant probably thankfully written by Kwamikagami.)

 * As there is no distinction between a "glottal" approximant & fricative, then phonological criteria can be used to classify the segment (and, in fact, phonological criteria are often used for classification even if the phonological analysis is at odds in certain places with the phonetics). Here van Eijk clearly presents an argument showing that h patterns with other resonants in reduplication processes where certain resulting sequences of consonant+resonant+consonant and word-final consonant+resonant must be separated by an epenthetic schwa.

 * The chart with h as an approximant is exactly where van Eijk places it in his chart on page 2. So, there is no controversy here, at all. I would classify h myself no differently. If you disagree with van Eijk's analysis, then you should publish your analysis in a peer-reviewed journal so that we can cite the disagreement in the article. If you insistent on disputing this, then I suggest you invite User:Angr to the discussion, he knows quite about phonology. Thanks – ishwar  (speak)  08:38, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Ahh, well if Kwami put that then I suppose I can accept as such. He's a smart fella.  You've put a lot of good work into this page.  Keep it up.  AEuSoes1 12:18, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Ucwalmicwts vs. St'at'imcets
Just wondering about adding a mention of the word Ucwalmicwts, which is how St'at'imcets is referred to while you're speaking it; or is there a lexical difference, other than "the language of the nation" vs the "language of the St'at'imc"?Skookum1 08:24, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Title is redundant
In light of other article name-changes to reflect most-common-usage, e.g. Thompson language, Okanagan language, Squamish language, Shuswap language, shouldn't this article be "Lillooet language"? Especially because "St'at'imcets" means "language of the St'at'imc"; ergo the title really says "language of the St'at'imc language"? Also the /t'/ character is not an English romanization, it's specifically a character in this language signifying [tl], right? In ethnographic literature the most common usage, especially in other languages, seems to still be "Lillooet language"....Skookum1 (talk) 15:03, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Errors in phoneme chart
Why exactly are, , and so forth placed in the approximants section? The citation for van Eijk (1997) seems incorrect, because in van Eijk (2011), they are placed in the resonants section, that is, sonorants, which include more than just approximants. See https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYHc2ShJFFkC&lpg=PR7&ots=jAMyOnuGp-&dq=phonology%20of%20lillooet&lr&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false, which is an updated version of the source cited. Furthermore, what is cited is not in the original source: https://books.google.com/books?id=eCsDVvzdcPAC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false. There appear to be a few more inaccuracies, such as not appearing in the source given. I currently do not have the time to fix this; could somebody sort this out by correcting this phoneme table? Thank you. 50.90.74.156 (talk) 01:28, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Approximants are resonants. Specifically, they include both glides & liquids (but not nasals). Since /z, ɣ/ aren't nasals, approximant is correct.

 * [j] is the same thing as [y]. The IPA uses [j] while [y] is the Americanist phonetic notation. On Wikipedia, there is a bias toward using IPA over other phonetic transcriptions.

 * I'll note one thing about /z, ɣ/: the characterization of them as approximant/resonant is based on phonological patterning while their phonetics is actually fricative-like (at least most of the time). Also, he may have been influenced by the historical facts for /z/ since it's derived from Proto-Salish *y. – ishwar  (speak)  01:56, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reply, I understand now. The table however displays or whichever phoneme is used, making the mouse-over say that the phoneme is represented in IPA. Should not this be changed so that the article just uses the symbol instead of the IPA markup? 50.90.74.156 (talk) 00:33, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure actually. As I recall, this thing was used in order to make non-ASCII text to be displayed with a font that contained the IPA characters. The MS Internet Explorer I think did not display the characters even if the computer had an appropriate font that contained the IPA characters. I don't know if modern browsers have any problem with this nowadays. Maybe it's not needed anymore. – ishwar   (speak)  17:15, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lillooet language


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User talk:Timrock

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Hey, thanks for your honest efforts to make Rob Liefeld non-biased. Personally, I think User:N. Caligon often goes a bit too far, but his heart's in the right place and so is yours, so I'm hoping the two of you can work out a good compromise (i'd help but I just don't have the time right now; you can see one of my attempts here, which was promptly steamrollered by N. Caligon "to facilitate edits" :/). Thanks for what you've done, and please consider working on other articles (and joining WikiProject Comics), which may have the bonus benefit of diverting criticism that you're a troll from Herorealm here only to whitewash Liefeld. -leigh (φθόγγος) 06:04, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

I guess I broke him.--PSYact 19:09, 14 January 2006 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.94.199.9 (talk)

Yeah, you sure did. I am very happy, that after two years, you still remeber me. In between jerking off to Rob Liefeld's picture and collecting bottles and cans for money, I have been thinking of you so much.--Timrock (talk) 13:05, 13 May 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.74.116.9 (talk)

I, Timrock, am a tool.--Timrock —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.106.76.253 (talk) 21:54, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Honestly you do win Mr. PSYact or whatever name you're going by now. I was wrong to have crossed you and I am sorry a million times. Now can we move on? Again I'm sorry for everything I may have said about you.Timrock (talk) 12:13, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Since you are begging for my forgiveness, then sure I forgive you. I never needed an apology. I was never hurt or offended by you. At this point, I was just tickled by the fact that you kept coming back to your old page and changing it back. You just couldn't stand the fact that I was tarnishing your precious nickname. A nickname you use on numerous other messageboards. A nickname which clued me to the fact that you are a Liefeld fan atempting to sanitize that halfassed nitwits image. I long since gotten over all that. I have long since gotten over my Liefeld hatred. I just thought your hypocritical condecending attitude was very funny. Am I crazy for coming back here after all these years just to mess with you. Sure I am. But tell me, aren't you just as crazy. You came back to change it... EVERY SINGLE TIME! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.106.249.254 (talk) 21:08, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

True victory never tasted sweeter! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:5CC:0:373C:D0DE:B2EF:9CE2:9CEA (talk) 20:16, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

16 years, Bro. We are getting old. I honestly hope all is well out there in the world.128.190.136.38 (talk) 20:02, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timrock


text:
Talk:Rafe Esquith

Untitled
Esquith rarely mentions this, but all of his students are identified as gifted. Although, he allows students who don't qualify to be in his class to participate in afterschool activities.

I would say that the students arrive around 7 AM and leave around 4 PM. The whole 6:30AM to 5:30PM claim is an exageration.

Whoever wrote v1 of this wiki did not proofread thoroughly. There were numerous spelling and grammatical mistakes.

 * Having observed his classroom, I feel compelled to mention that other teachers choose his class for him and he has a fair number of students who were labelled unsalvageable by the school system. He does get a few of the students that no other teachers want.  There is no "qualification" to be in his class.  And, having arrived at his class at 6:45, there were already at least five students working in the classroom on different projects and lessons.  Two of them greeted us at the door, offered us bottled water and gave us tours of the classroom.  We left at 5:00 because we had to return to our campus, but the students were still working at Shakespeare rehearsal.  Talk to the kids.  They'll tell you, it isn't an exaggeration.

Central American
Is it accurate that his students are from Central America and Korea? If this is meant to include Mexico, then "Latin American" would be more accurate, since Mexico is part of North America.

Meg999 02:33, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Shakespeare Company?
I recently saw this edit: (cur) (last) 02:41, 13 October 2007 Paul A (Talk | contribs) (3,754 bytes) (correct category tag; a person is not a theatre company) -- I must disagree with the removal of the category. While it may not be literally true that he is a theatre company, the Hobart Shakespeareans are very much associated with him personally, and I think that when searching the category for Shakespearean Companies, it is very much appropriate to include Esquith's article. KConWiki 02:12, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I do not think it is appropriate to include an article about a single person in a category about companies. If it is important to give the Hobart Shakespeareans a place in that category, why not give them their own article? --Paul A 07:21, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I would highly disagree about creating a new Hobart Shakespearean page. The group isn't notable enough to have its own article,  Oldag07 (talk) 16:01, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Merge discussion
I this page would greatly benefit if the book There are No Shortcuts was merged into it. The "there is no shortcuts page is very short, and honestly, the book is questionably notable when for Wikipedia standards. Moreover, it is better to have one well written page than 2 short pages, with lots of overlap. Oldag07 (talk) 15:59, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Looking at the history, the page for that article ends up taking up the time of editors doing various chores, but it doesn't help the reader much. Any information there can be added here, so I'd support a merge. -- Noroton (talk) 02:39, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Completed merge. Late admittedly. Oldag07 (talk) 15:47, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

Bad Link
The link to Bob Edward's podcast doesn't go to the right page. (footnote 2) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dianaemiko (talk • contribs) 01:45, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rafe Esquith