text:
Wikipedia talk:Selected anniversaries/September 7

This page is protected, yet it redirects to a redirect. Someone should fix it so that it redirects to Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/September 7. Oddly enough it isn't listed in the list of double redirects.--Tim Thomason 23:02, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Template:September 7 selected anniversaries redirecting to Selected anniversaries/September 7 seems fine. I'm not sure what the problem is ? -- PFHLai 05:12, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

2012 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 22:27, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Torrijos–Carter Treaties (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Genoa C.F.C.; Philo Farnsworth; Thylacine; The Blitz; Hurricane Ivan
 * Included: Ridolfi plot (first appearance); Guo Huaiyi Rebellion (first appearance); Turtle (submersible) (first appearance); Battle of Borodino (4th appearance, last in 2010; 200th anniversary); Desmond Tutu (7th appearance, last in 2010)

2013 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:40, 6 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Philo Farnsworth (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Ridolfi plot; Guo Huaiyi Rebellion; Turtle (submersible); Battle of Borodino; Thylacine; Desmond Tutu
 * Included: Battle of Arsuf (8th appearance, last in 2010; rescued from Ineligible); Invasion of Dominica (first appearance); Boxer Protocol (4th appearance, last in 2010); 1999 Athens earthquake/Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy (both: first appearance); 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster (first appearance)

2014 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:19, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Arsuf; Invasion of Dominica; Boxer Protocol; 1999 Athens earthquake; 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster
 * Included: Battle of Borodino (5th appearance, last in 2012); Genoa C.F.C. (2nd appearance, last in 2011); The Blitz (8th appearance, last in 2011); Desmond Tutu (8th appearance, last in 2012); Hurricane Ivan (2nd appearance, last in 2011; 10th anniversary)
 * Addendum: 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident added for balance (first appearance). — howcheng  {chat} 20:06, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

2015 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 06:34, 5 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Omitted: Battle of Borodino; Genoa C.F.C.; Desmond Tutu; Hurricane Ivan
 * Included: Ridolfi plot (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Guo Huaiyi Rebellion (2nd appearance, last in 2012); Invasion of Dominica (2nd appearance, last in 2013); 1999 Athens earthquake/Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy (both: 2nd appearance, last in 2013)
 * Repeats: The Blitz (2nd consecutive appearance, 9 total; 75th anniversary)

2016 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:39, 6 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Boxer Protocol (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Ridolfi plot; Guo Huaiyi Rebellion; Invasion of Dominica; The Blitz; 1999 Athens earthquake/Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy
 * Included: Battle of Arsuf (9th appearance, last in 2013; 925th anniversary); Battle of Borodino (6th appearance, last in 2013); Thylacine (4th appearance, last in 2012; 80th anniversary); Desmond Tutu (9th appearance, last in 2014; 30th anniversary); Murder of Tupac Shakur (first appearance; 20th anniversary)

2017 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 15:50, 7 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Moved to Ineligible: Ridolfi plot (maintenance); Turtle (submersible) (maintenance); 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster (maintenance)
 * Omitted: Battle of Arsuf; Battle of Borodino; Genoa C.F.C. (ineligible—maintenance); Desmond Tutu (ineligible—maintenance); Murder of Tupac Shakur
 * Included: Papal election, 1159 (first appearance); Invasion of Dominica (1778) (3rd appearance, last in 2015); The Blitz (10th appearance, last in 2015); 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident (2nd appearance, last in 2014); John Shakespeare (first appearance); Grandma Moses (first appearance); Regina Martínez Pérez (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Thylacine (2nd consecutive appearance, 5 total)

2018 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 16:12, 7 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Rescued from Ineligible (unused): Boxer Protocol; Desmond Tutu
 * Omitted: Invasion of Dominica (1778); Thylacine; The Blitz; 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident; John Shakespeare; Grandma Moses; Regina Martínez Pérez
 * Included: Guo Huaiyi rebellion (3rd appearance, last in 2015); Philo Farnsworth (2nd appearance, last in 2011; rescued from Ineligible); C23 tragedy (first appearance); Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash (2nd appearance, last in 2013; rescued from Ineligible); Gregory Bicskei (first appearance); Henry Sewell (first appearance)
 * Repeats: Papal election, 1159 (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total); Regina Martínez Pérez (2nd consecutive appearance, 2 total)

2019 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 17:00, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet; Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts)
 * Omitted: Independence Day (Brazil) (ineligible—maintenance); Papal election, 1159; Guo Huaiyi rebellion; Philo Farnsworth; C23 tragedy; Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash; Gregory Bicskei; Henry Sewell; Regina Martínez Pérez
 * Included: Battle of Arsuf (10th appearance, last in 2016); Invasion of Dominica (1778) (4th appearance, last in 2017); Boxer Protocol (5th appearance, last in 2013); 1999 Athens earthquake/Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy (both: 3rd appearance, last in 2015; 20th anniversary); Hurricane Ivan (3rd appearance, last in 2014); Johan Ludvig Holstein (first appearance); William Burnet (colonial administrator) (first appearance); Paul Brown (first appearance)

2020 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 21:48, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
 * New articles (unused): Operation Dwarka; Michael DeBakey
 * Omitted: Battle of Arsuf; Invasion of Dominica (1778); Boxer Protocol; 1999 Athens earthquake/Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy; Hurricane Ivan; Johan Ludvig Holstein; William Burnet (colonial administrator); Paul Brown
 * Included: Guo Huaiyi rebellion (4th appearance, last in 2018); Battle of Borodino (7th appearance, last in 2016); The Blitz (11th appearance, last in 2017; 80th anniversary); Desmond Tutu (10th appearance, last in 2016); 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident (3rd appearance, last in 2017; 10th anniversary); Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet (first appearance); Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts) (first appearance); Cecil Aronowitz (first appearance)

2021 notes
Apologies if this isn't the correct place to post this, but I suggest adding, to the "on this day (September 7th)" section on the page, something about Brazilian Independence Day? It's a significant event, and the American Independence was added on July 4th-- don't see why Brazil's shouldn't. Please let me know if this is the wrong place to post this, feel free to remove it if it is, etc.
 * Independence Day (Brazil) is currently ineligible due to lacking footnotes in the "In Brazil" and "National Independence Day parade in Brasília" sections. — howcheng  {chat} 20:51, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

2021 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 07:49, 8 September 2021 (UTC)
 * New articles (ineligible): Battle of Babylon Hill (TFA for 2021)
 * Omitted: Guo Huaiyi rebellion; Battle of Borodino; The Blitz; Desmond Tutu; 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident; Sir John Perceval, 1st Baronet; Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts); Cecil Aronowitz
 * Included: 1159 papal election (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Invasion of Dominica (1778) (5th appearance, last in 2019); Philo Farnsworth (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Operation Dwarka (2nd appearance, last in 2014); Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash (3rd appearance, last in 2018); Robert Estienne (first appearance); Emil Korytko (first appearance); Michael DeBakey (first appearance)

2022 notes
— howcheng  {chat} 20:48, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Omitted: 1159 papal election; Invasion of Dominica (1778); Philo Farnsworth (ineligible—maintenance); Operation Dwarka (ineligible—maintenance); Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash; Robert Estienne; Emil Korytko; Michael DeBakey
 * Included: Battle of Arsuf (11th appearance, last in 2019); Battle of Babylon Hill (first appearance; rescued from Ineligible); Thylacine (6th appearance, last in 2017); Desmond Tutu (11th appearance, last in 2020); Hurricane Ivan (4th appearance, last in 2019); Grandma Moses (2nd appearance, last in 2017); William Stewart Halsted (first appearance; 100th anniversary; Regina Martínez Pérez (5th appearance, last in 2022; keeps appearing on April 28, her death anniversary, but I finally noticed and deleted it this year)


text:
UTC+08:00

UTC+08:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +08:00.

With an estimated population of 1.708 billion living within the time zone, roughly 21% of the world population, it is the most populous time zone in the world, as well as a possible candidate for ASEAN Common Time.

This time zone is used in all predominantly Chinese-speaking regions, giving international Chinese websites and TV channels the same time.

In Indonesia, it is known as Central Indonesian Time (Waktu Indonesia Tengah / WITA) while in Western Australia, it is known as Australian Western Standard Time.

As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Taipei, Taichung, Kaohsiung, Hong Kong, Macau, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Manila, Quezon City, Makassar, Denpasar, Manado, Perth, Irkutsk, Ulaanbaatar, Bandar Seri Begawan

North Asia

 * Russia – Irkutsk Time
 * Far Eastern Federal District
 * Buryatia
 * Siberian Federal District
 * Irkutsk Oblast

East Asia

 * Mainland China – China Standard Time
 * Hong Kong – Hong Kong Time (Hong Kong Standard Time)
 * Macau – Macau Time (Macau Standard Time)
 * Taiwan – National Standard Time
 * Mongolia – Time in Mongolia
 * Eastern part, including Dornod, Sükhbaatar, Ulaanbaatar

Southeast Asia

 * Brunei – Brunei Darussalam Standard Time
 * Indonesia – Central Indonesia Time
 * Parts of Kalimantan:
 * East Kalimantan
 * North Kalimantan
 * South Kalimantan
 * Lesser Sunda Islands
 * Bali
 * East Nusa Tenggara
 * West Nusa Tenggara
 * All provinces in Sulawesi
 * Malaysia – Malaysia Standard Time
 * Philippines – Philippine Standard Time
 * Singapore – Singapore Standard Time

Oceania

 * Australia
 * Western Australia (except Eucla and nearby areas, including Caiguna, Cocklebiddy, Madura and Mundrabilla, unofficially observes UTC+08:45 )

Southern Ocean

 * Some bases in Antarctica. See also Time in Antarctica.
 * Australia
 * Casey Station

Discrepancies between official UTC+08:00 and geographical UTC+08:00
This section is only partly updated for longitudes using other time zones. This concerns areas within 112°30′ E to 127°30′ E longitude.
 * Parts of Russia, including very easternmost parts of Krasnoyarsk Krai, where UTC+07:00 is used, and Zabaykalsky Krai and most of western Sakha Republic where UTC+09:00 is used.
 * Parts of Indonesia, including eastern East Java with its capital city Surabaya, most of Central Kalimantan with its capital city Palangka Raya, and eastern part of West Kalimantan, where UTC+07:00 is used, and some of the western islands in the province of Maluku and North Maluku where UTC+09:00 is used.
 * East Timor, where UTC+09:00 is used.
 * Parts of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, including Sakishima Islands with its westernmost point Yonaguni, western parts of Kerama Islands, and some islands of the western Okinawa Islands, where UTC+09:00 is used.
 * The western parts of Korea, including the North Korean capital city, Pyongyang and South Korean capital city, Seoul, where UTC+09:00 is used.

Areas between 127°30′ E and 142°30′ E ("physical" UTC+09:00)

 * Parts of northeast China including the eastern half of Heilongjiang Province and the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province.
 * Easternmost parts of Western Australia.

Areas between 97°30′ E and 112°30′ E ("physical" UTC+07:00)

 * Singapore
 * Malaysia:
 * Western part of Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo.
 * Peninsular Malaysia, where the nation's capital Kuala Lumpur is located.
 * Many parts of central China including:
 * Hainan
 * Guangxi
 * Yunnan
 * Guizhou
 * Sichuan
 * Chongqing
 * Shaanxi
 * Ningxia
 * Gansu
 * Western two-third of Hunan
 * Western half of:
 * Hubei
 * Shanxi
 * Inner Mongolia, including its capital Hohhot.
 * western third of:
 * Guangdong
 * Henan
 * Most of central Mongolia including the capital Ulaanbaatar.
 * In Russia, most of:
 * Irkutsk Oblast
 * Buryatia

Areas between 82°30′ E and 97°30′ E ("physical" UTC+06:00)

 * Parts of China
 * Most of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (although many locals set their clocks at UTC+06:00 even if it is officially UTC+08:00, in any case work and shop schedules are two hours after Shanghai and Beijing). See also Time in China.
 * most of Tibet Autonomous Region
 * Western Mongolia.

Areas between 67°30′ E and 82°30′ E ("physical" UTC+05:00)

 * Parts of western China including western Xinjiang province (Kashgar) (although most locals observe UTC+06:00 even if it is officially UTC+08:00).

Historical time offsets
The southern half of Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) was formerly part of this time zone prior to the national reunification on 30 April 1975, making it one hour ahead of North Vietnam. After 1975, the whole country came under the North Vietnamese time zone, UTC+07:00.

According to Presidential Decree 41/1987, Indonesia's ex-province of Timor Timur used this time zone with neighboring East Nusa Tenggara and other provinces in Lesser Sunda Islands, parts of Kalimantan and Sulawesi until independence as East Timor, which the country changed to UTC+09:00 as the official time zone.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: UTC+08:00


text:
Talk:Case presentation

note
Is the information here true of every country on Earth.....? I suspect this is from a US or UK POV - which is fine by me - if it will just declare it! --Doc (?) 23:04, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Case presentation


text: User:Deepak~enwiki

title: User:Deepak~enwiki


text:
Bernard Hepton

Francis Bernard Heptonstall (19 October 1925 – 27 July 2018) better known by the stage name Bernard Hepton, was an English theatre director and actor. He is known for his stage work and television roles in teleplays and series, he also appeared briefly on radio and in film.

Early life and education
Hepton was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Bernard senior, was an electrician, while his mother Hilda (née Berrington) was from a mill-working family. Brought up as a Catholic, he attended St Bede's Grammar School. His short-sight meant he was unable to serve in the British Army during the Second World War. He trained as an aircraft engineer and draughtsman while undertaking firewatching duties.

Theatre
Hepton trained at the Bradford Civic Playhouse under director Esme Church. He had extensive stage experience as an actor in repertory, especially in Scarborough and York. In 1952, he joined Birmingham Rep under Barry Jackson, later himself becoming the theatre's artistic director in 1957. For a brief period from 1963, he was director of the Liverpool Playhouse, but resigned during his first season. Productions of the Max Frisch play The Fire Raisers and John Osborne's Luther featured in his effort to move the theatre's repertoire beyond its standard fare. He was responsible for arranging the fight sequences in Laurence Olivier's film version of Richard III (1955) and an Old Vic production of Hamlet with Richard Burton in 1953.

Television
He made his television debut as Sir Thomas More in Robert Bolt’s A Man for All Seasons in a live broadcast in 1957. Hepton played Caiaphas in the 1969 Dennis Potter play Son of Man. He was cast as the Kommandant in Colditz (1972–74) and later appeared for the same production team as Albert Foiret in three series of Secret Army (1977–79). Before that he made a guest appearance in an episode of the first series of Catweazle (1970) where he played a naturalist. Other notable performances included Thomas Cranmer in both The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970) and Elizabeth R (1971). He reprised the role in the film adaptation of the former, Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972). Hepton acted in adaptations of John le Carré's novels, as Toby Esterhase in the BBC Television versions of Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy and Smiley's People, and George Smiley in the radio adaptations. He appeared in I, Claudius (1976) as Pallas and in the comedy series The Squirrels (1974–77).

Having played Inspector Goole in An Inspector Calls (1982) and Sir Thomas Bertram in Mansfield Park (1983), he appeared as Sam Toovey in the 1989 television adaptation of Susan Hill's ghost story The Woman in Black (1989). In 1996 he appeared in the TV adaptation of Jane Austen's Emma, as the title character's hypochondriac father, Mr. Woodhouse. He was also in TV's The Charmer - 1987 where he played Donald Stimpson

Radio and film
On radio, Hepton played the role of Albert, in Stranger in the Home by Alan Dapre, also the role of The Old Man in the Corner, the amateur, and mostly sedentary, sleuth in the BBC Radio 4 dramatic adaption called The Teahouse Detective (1998–2000) by Baroness Orczy. He also starred in Robert Barr's quirky detective radio series "Galbraith" as Inspector Bill Galbraith on BBC radio and as Dr Soppoth in Peter Tinniswood   radio monologue "The Governor's Consort" starring Mary Wimbush.

Hepton's appearances in feature films were less frequent, he made his debut in 1949. He made a brief appearance as Thorpey, a gangster, in the classic British crime thriller Get Carter (1971), and another small role, as Milton Goldsmith, in Voyage of the Damned (1976).

Personal life and death
Hepton was married to actress Nancie Jackson from 1957 until she died in 1977. Jackson played Thomas More’s wife Alice opposite Hepton as More in the 1957 TV movie A Man for All Seasons; Hepton and she settled in Barnes, London. Hepton married Hilary Liddell in 1979; she died in 2013. Hepton died on 27 July 2018, aged 92. He was survived by a niece and nephew.

Film credits

 * A Boy, a Girl and a Bike (1949) as Cyclist (uncredited)
 * Richard III (1955) as Soldier (uncredited)
 * Get Carter (1971) as Thorpe
 * Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972) as Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
 * Barry Lyndon (1975) as Man selling painting to Barry
 * Voyage of the Damned (1976) as Milton Goldsmith
 * The Plague Dogs (1982) as Stephen Powell (voice)
 * Gandhi (1982) as G.O.C, British army in India
 * The Holcroft Covenant (1985) as Commander Leighton
 * Shadey (1985) as Captain Amies
 * Stealing Heaven (1988) as Bishop
 * Eminent Domain (1990) as Slovak
 * The Baroness and the Pig (2002) as Soames

Television credits

 * A Man for All Seasons (1957) as Sir Thomas More
 * The Life of Henry V (1957) as Chorus
 * Compact (1964) - director, two episodes
 * Swizzlewick (1964) - producer, 20 episodes
 * Thursday Theatre (1965) - producer, two episodes
 * United! (1965–1966) - producer, 28 episodes
 * Play of the Month: The Devil's Eggshell (1966) as Lord Portmanteau
 * Great Expectations (1967) as Wemmick
 * The Spanish Farm (1968) as Captain Dormer
 * Out of the Unknown: The Fosters (1969) as Harry Gerwyn
 * The Wednesday Play: Son of Man (1969) as Caiaphas
 * The Elusive Pimpernel (1969) as Chauvelin
 * W. Somerset Maugham: Lord Mountdrago (1969) as Dr Audlin
 * Play For Today: Robin Redbreast (1970) as Fisher
 * The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970, in four episodes) as Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
 * Elizabeth R (1971) as Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
 * Omnibus: Paradise Restored (1971) as Oliver Cromwell
 * The Organisation (1972) as Rodney Spurling
 * Follow the Yellow Brick Road (1972) as Colin Sands
 * Colditz (1972–1974) as Kommandant
 * Play of the Month: The Adventures of Don Quixote (1973) as Village Priest
 * A Pin to See the Peepshow (1973) as Herbert Starling
 * Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em (1973) as Webster
 * The Squirrels (1974–1977) as Mr Fletcher
 * Sadie, It's Cold Outside (1975) as Norman Potter
 * Orde Wingate (1976) as Palmer
 * I, Claudius (1976) as Pallas
 * Secret Army (1977–1979) as Albert Foiret
 * Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979) as Toby Esterhase
 * Blood Money (1981) as Det Chief Supt Meadows
 * Kessler (1981) as Albert Foiret
 * An Inspector Calls (1982) as Inspector Goole
 * Smiley's People (1982) as Toby Esterhase
 * Mansfield Park (1983) as Sir Thomas Bertram
 * Dear Box Number (1983) as Walter Cartwright
 * Cockles (1984) as Sergeant Naughton
 * A Profile of Arthur J. Mason (1984) as Arthur J. Mason
 * Bleak House (1985) as Krook
 * Bergerac (1985) as Sir Geoffrey Newton
 * Honour, Profit and Pleasure (1985) as Bishop of London
 * The Disputation (1986) as Raymund de Penjaforte
 * The Life and Loves of a She-Devil (1986) as Judge Bissop
 * The Lady's Not for Burning (1987) as Hebble Tyson
 * The Charmer (1987) as Donald Stimpson
 * The Contract (1988) as Henry Carter
 * The Woman in Black (1989) as Sam Toovey
 * A Perfect Hero (1991) as Arthur Fleming
 * The Old Devils (1992) as Malcolm Cellan-Davies
 * Dandelion Dead (1994) as Mr Davies
 * Emma (1996) as Mr Woodhouse
 * Midsomer Murders: Death of a Hollow Man (1998) as Harold Winstanley
 * Heartbeat: Bread & Circuses (2002) as Colonel Barber/James Barker

title: Bernard Hepton


text: Category:Festivals in Australia

title: Category:Festivals in Australia


text:
User talk:Deepak~enwiki

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title: User talk:Deepak~enwiki


text: User talk:68.74.2.57

title: User talk:68.74.2.57


text:
Acatalexis

An acatalectic line of verse is one having the metrically complete number of syllables in the final foot. When talking about poetry written in English the term is arguably of limited significance or utility, at least by comparison to its antonym, catalectic, for the simple reason that acatalexis is considered to be the "usual case" in the large majority of metrical contexts and therefore explicit reference to it proves almost universally superfluous.

For example, to describe Shakespeare's sonnets as having been written in iambic pentameter acatalectic would be factually accurate, but redundant and never said, because iambic pentameter is presumed to be acatalectic unless specified as being catalectic. However, in very rare contexts where catalexis might be considered probable (e.g., in English trochaic tetrameter, or in differentiating acatalectic verses from surrounding catalectic ones), explicit expression of the verse's metrical completeness may be achieved by using the term. When talking about poems published in languages other than English, the term might prove itself more useful. For example in Polish poetry acatalectic iambic lines are unusual, because feminine ending is dominant. Thus iambic pentameter in Polish is not 10-syllable long but almost always 11-syllable long.

title: Acatalexis


text:
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox

Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579 – 30 July 1624), KG, 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a Scottish nobleman and through their paternal lines was a second cousin of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. He was a patron of the playwright Ben Jonson who lived in his household for five years.

Origins
He was the younger son of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox (1542–1583), a Frenchman of Scottish ancestry and a favourite of King James VI of Scotland (of whose father, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, he was a first cousin), by his wife Catherine de Balsac (died after 1630), a daughter of Guillaume de Balsac, Sieur d'Entragues, by his wife Louise d'Humières.

Career
At the death of his childless elder brother, Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1574–1624), he inherited their paternal title of Duke of Lennox, the Dukedom of Richmond having become extinct. He was by then already Earl of March (in the peerage of England) (1619) and Baron Clifton of Leighton Bromswold (in the right of his wife). He had become the 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny in France when his elder brother surrendered the title following their father's death.

On 9 February 1608, he performed in the masque The Hue and Cry After Cupid at Whitehall Palace as a sign of the zodiac, to celebrate the wedding of John Ramsay, Viscount Haddington to Elizabeth Radclyffe.

In 1624, the year of his death, he was invested as a Knight of the Garter.

Marriage and children
In 1609, he married Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton, by whom he had eleven children, third cousins of King Charles I, for whom many of them fought and died in the English Civil War:

Sons

 * James Stewart, 4th Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1612–1655), eldest son and heir. He resided at Cobham Hall in Kent (granted in 1606 to his uncle Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (1574–1624), by his second cousin King James VI & I) and served as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, based at Dover Castle in Kent;
 * Henry Stewart, 8th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1616–1632). He studied in the City of Bourges (the capital of the former province of Berry, in which was situated Aubigny) and later at Paris, then visited Venice with the statesman Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (father of his sister's husband) where he died at age 17, and was buried in the Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice;
 * Francis Stewart (1616–1617), died in infancy;
 * George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1618–1642), killed aged 24 fighting for the royalist cause in the English Civil War. He married Katherine Howard (d. 1650), a daughter of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, by whom he was the father of Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1638–1672), of Cobham Hall and of Richmond House in London, the last in the male line of the Stewarts of Aubigny, who was the heir of his infant first cousin Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox (1649–1660), the son and heir of James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655), of Cobham Hall;
 * Ludovic Stewart, 11th Seigneur d'Aubigny (1619–1665), who shortly before his death became a cardinal;
 * Lord John Stewart (1621–1644) killed aged 23, unmarried, fighting for the royalist cause in the English Civil War;
 * Lord Bernard Stewart (1623–1645) killed aged 22, unmarried, fighting for the royalist cause in the English Civil War. For his war services, he was due to be created Earl of Lichfield, but died before the formalities were completed, and the title was instead awarded to his nephew Charles Stewart (1638–1672), later 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox.

Daughters

 * Elizabeth Stewart (1610–1674), who married Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel
 * Anne Stewart (1614–1646), who married Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus
 * Frances Stewart (1617–1694), who married Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland
 * Margaret Stewart (1618–1618), who died young

Death and burial
He died on 30 July 1624 at Kirby Hall, Northamptonshire, of the "spotted ague". He was buried, on 6 August 1624, in Westminster Abbey, in the Richmond Vault in the south-east apsidal chapel of the Chapel of King Henry VII (himself formerly Earl of Richmond).

title: Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox


text:
Lyja

Lyja is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A Skrull, she possesses the ability to shapeshift into almost any humanoid or animal form. Modifications on her body give her the power to generate energy blasts.

Publication history
Lyja the Laserfist first appeared in Fantastic Four #357 (Oct. 1991), and was created by Tom DeFalco and Paul Ryan. She was revealed to have been impersonating Alicia Masters ever since Fantastic Four #265 (April 1984). Lyja remained a supporting character in the series until the launch of the "Heroes Reborn" storyline in 1996. She returned in a tie-in to the Secret Invasion limited series in 2008.

Fictional character biography
The Skrull Empire—longtime enemies of the Fantastic Four—embarked on a plan to infiltrate the team by impersonating Alicia Masters—blind sculptor and love interest of Benjamin Grimm (the Thing). The author of the plan, Paibok the Power Skrull, selected the warrior Lyja to be the spy and espionage agent—possibly as retribution because they had once had a failed affair. Nevertheless, Lyja trained extensively to pull off the disguise, even using contact lenses to make herself blind in human form to learn how to navigate the world as Alicia did.

Soon after Lyja's arrival on Earth, a near-omnipotent being known as the Beyonder kidnapped numerous super-powered beings (including three members of the Fantastic Four), transporting them to a makeshift Battleworld, where they participated in a series of "Secret Wars" between the so-called forces of good and evil. Lyja took the opportunity of their distraction to replace Alicia, greeting the Fantastic Four on their return to Earth from Battleworld. The Skrull plan almost hit a snag when Lyja discovered that the Thing opted to remain on Battleworld at the end of the war, instead of returning home to Earth. Lyja instead seduced Johnny Storm, the Human Torch. When the Thing learned that Johnny and "Alicia" were lovers, they became estranged. Lyja fell in love with Johnny and eventually they were married under the false pretense of her as Alicia Masters.

Eventually Alicia's stepfather, the villain known as the Puppet Master, realized that the woman claiming to be his stepdaughter was an imposter, and took his suspicions to the Thing. Lyja was forced by the Thing to transform back to her true Skrull appearance. She disclosed her true identity, as well as the fact that the real Alicia was a captive of the Skrulls. She aided the Fantastic Four in finding the real Alicia Masters in the Skrull Empire, but was believed to be slain when she threw herself in the path of a blast which Paibok had meant for the Human Torch.

In actuality, Paibok recovered Lyja and revealed to Devos the Devastator that she was still alive. Paibok, with the assistance of Devos, awoke Lyja from her comatose state, and bestowed her with the power to fly and fire energy blasts from her hands becoming "Lyja the Lazerfist". These powers were later revealed to come from a special device implanted into her. Joining them in search of vengeance, the three arrived on Earth, and isolated and battled the Torch at Empire State University. Panicking, the Torch burst into his Nova Flame and destroyed the campus. Alongside Devos and Paibok, Lyja witnessed a battle between the Fantastic Four and an alternate Fantastic Four. Lyja still bore feelings for the Torch and once again betrayed her cohorts to side with the Four.

Lyja then first encountered Aron the Watcher, and aided the Fantastic Four against Doctor Doom. Alongside the Fantastic Four, Lyja battled Devos, Paibok, Klaw, and Huntara. Lyja impersonated Bridget O'Neil, and became jealous on discovering Johnny Storm's affection for Bridget.

After returning to the Fantastic Four and Johnny, Lyja claimed she was pregnant with Johnny's child. Over time, Lyja and Johnny began to grow close again. When Lyja delivered the "child" (an egg), the implant that gave her the "Lazerfist" powers was also removed, returning Lyja to an ordinary Skrull with no extra powers beyond her shapeshifting. The implant was subsequently absorbed by a normal human, apparently an electronics expert named Raphael Suarez, who gained the "Lazerfist" powers, and attempted to contact the Fantastic Four for their assistance but after the hectic events that followed the hatching of the "egg", Raphael wandered off, realizing the Fantastic Four were not going to be of any help in their current state, and has not been referenced since.

Although Lyja and Johnny were growing close, Lyja was continuously torn about telling Johnny something. She was too scared to risk shattering the bonds they had managed to form again, and kept putting it off. Ultimately, it was too late. The "egg" was revealed, not to be their child, but rather a Skrull bio-weapon, which Lyja subsequently destroyed after it hatched. Johnny, enraged at being betrayed and deceived again by Lyja, broke things off with her again.

Lyja was still in love with Johnny and stalked him while as a human, Laura Green. Johnny was initially interested in a fellow college student but when he realized nothing was going to materialize with her his focus shifted to Laura/Lyja. Lyja, having learned her lessons well, eventually decided to reveal herself before Johnny felt betrayed again. After sharing a kiss with Laura, Johnny already knew that his ex-wife was in fact Laura Green. During the Onslaught crisis when Lyja was injured she attempted to tell Johnny the truth but he informed her that he already knew. The couple seemed to be on track to reconciling their relationship until the Fantastic Four were presumed dead after a devastating fight with Onslaught, and as a result, Lyja left to attempt a normal life, masquerading again as a human woman. Soon after the Fantastic Four's were revealed to have survived the fight with Onslaught, Johnny mentions that he can not locate Lyja.

Secret Invasion
During the Secret Invasion storyline, Lyja poses as the Invisible Woman in order to send the Baxter Building to the Negative Zone. She reveals herself to her former spouse and attacks him, feeling angry that he had forgotten her. During the course of their battle, Johnny saves Lyja from being hit by a police car, pulled in through the portal. The two reconcile after that, but a Negative Zone creature attacks them. They manage to defeat the creature, but Lyja passes out from her injuries. Some time later, when the "new" Fantastic Four fly off to the prison, Franklin and Valeria are grabbed by multiple Negative Zone creatures, however Lyja saves them. She informs Johnny that she had been working in a book store when a Skrull approached her, insisting she join them. They attempted to convince her to help them blow up the Baxter Building, but instead she sends the Fantastic Four to the Negative Zone, in hopes of keeping them from harm's way. When Ben, Johnny, Franklin, Val and the Tinkerer were ready to leave the Negative Zone, she refused to leave, as she wanted to stay behind and find out who she really was.

Future Foundation
Lyja later appeared as an ally of the Future Foundation, helping them in locating the scattered atomic remnants of the Molecule Man. Having assumed the identity of Yondu Udonta to escape persecution for being a Skrull, she helped Foundation member Julie Power infiltrate a galactic prison where one of these remnants (which was attached to Rikki Barnes) was located. She later killed Kl'Rath, a Zn'rx ally of The Maker, for him having killed innocent Skrull children, impersonated him and helped in thwarting The Maker's plans. Upon Alex Power's invitation, she subsequently joined the Future Foundation.

Powers and abilities
Lyja's Deviant Skrull heritage gives her the ability to change size, shape, and color at will, thus taking on any appearance, but not the characteristics of other beings or objects. For a brief time, because of genetic alteration (later revealed to be an implant) by Paibok the Power Skrull, Lyja can project laser-like beams from her hands without harm to herself known as "bio-blasts". She could suspend herself in the air by firing them beneath her feet. These powers were lost when her body rejected the energy-generating implant during "birth".

Lyja wears body armor of unspecified materials. She wore special contact lenses that rendered her blind while impersonating Alicia Masters.

Lyja had been trained in armed and unarmed combat, as well as acting. She was educated in Earth culture, history, and language by Skrull tutors. Lyja is a talented creator of abstract sculptures to avoid making representative ones.

In the Secret Invasion storyline, Lyja somehow regained her energy capabilities through unspecified means, including invisible force fields. She now has tremendous resistance to intense heat and flames of the Human Torch.

Marvel Zombies
Lyja appears in the Marvel Zombies Universe on a planet besieged by the Zombie Galactus - consisting of zombie versions of Giant-Man, Spider-Man, Iron Man, Luke Cage, Wolverine and Hulk during a Black Panther crossover. Here she possesses the power of the Invisible Woman as part of an experiment following the death of the Super-Skrull in this universe; unable to replicate the Super-Skrull, the Fantastic Four's powers were instead given to four different Skrulls. She is loyal to the Skrulls and seems insulted when the Johnny Storm of the regular Marvel Universe - who has been transported into this universe with the 'new' Fantastic Four of the Torch, the Thing, the Black Panther and Storm - admits to knowing her.

She is shortly thereafter infected with the zombie virus, along with the rest of her team. During the subsequent conflict between the zombie-Skrull-Fantastic Four and the new Fantastic Four, she is decapitated by a vibranium dagger thrown by the Black Panther, and her head is subsequently destroyed by Black Panther before she can bite Johnny after she lands near his ankle.

MC2
In the MC2 universe, Lyja is once again married to the Human Torch and is a member of the Fantastic Five, under the name Ms. Fantastic. The couple has a son, Torus Storm, who inherited both Lyja's shape-shifting abilities and the Torch's flame powers. She remains active among the Fantastic Five and is sporadically seen in the Spider-Girl series and related mini-series. Spider-Girl mentions in their first encounter that if she was not fighting Lyja she would probably ask for her autograph, as she was a fan.

Power Pack
Lyja is introduced within the Skrulls vs. Power Pack miniseries as a young Skrull who is impersonating Katie Power, as well as being a commander under the orders of Warpriest Kh'oja in which he framed the Power siblings by stealing special treasures from Patchworld.

In other media
Lyja appears in Fantastic Four, episode "Behold, A Distant Star", voiced by Katherine Moffat.

title: Lyja


text:
Johan van der Velde

Johan van der Velde (born 12 December 1956 in Rijsbergen) is a former Dutch cyclist. In the 1980 Tour de France, he won the young rider classification, also placing 12th in the general classification that year. He had been a racing cyclist for only a year. In the 1981 Tour de France, he took first place on the second and 21st stages, finishing 12th overall for the second year. He rode with TI–Raleigh in the Tour de France from 1979 to 1983 and the Panasonic team where he won Stage 5 and wore the Yellow Jersey for two days in the 1986 Tour de France.

Decline
He was distinctive in the peloton for his lean, long-legged appearance, his smooth pedalling style and his long hair. He rode in support of riders such as Joop Zoetemelk, whom he could pace over mountains at impressive speed, but he was also capable of winning on his own. Success came to him early and, he said in an interview with the author Jan Siebelink ("Pijn is genot") that he had trouble coping when that success began to dry up. Van der Velde said he remembered shivering at the start of an Italian race, the skin of his arms wrinkled in goosebumps, because of the amphetamine he had taken just to start.

Addiction to amphetamine and a lifelong habit of petty theft, which he said came from seeing his father bring home things he had stolen from work, brought him into trouble with the law. He was caught stealing lawnmowers and breaking into post office stamp machines to raise money to cover his addiction and his gambling. The jail sentence and the loss of all he had won forced him and his Belgian wife, Josée, to sell the villa they had owned. They moved into a series of anonymous houses and apartments. Van der Velde began hospital treatment for his addiction and became deeply religious. He began work on building sites, rarely saying who he was or what he had been, to rebuild his self-esteem. For many years he tried to keep his address and his identity secret.

Rehabilitation
Van der Velde is now often seen at junior races, where he accompanies his son, also a racer. He took part in a celebrity edition of the Big Brother television series in 2000 and has worked in public relations for the Quickstep team, driving its guests at races. It was announced that van der Velde would join the new Roompot Orange Cycling Team as a driver for 2015.

His manager at Ti-Raleigh, Peter Post, said he had always considered Van der Velde the son that he had never had.

Major results

 * 1977
 * Tour de Liège
 * 1st Stages 3 & 5

 * 1978
 * 1st Overall Tour de Romandie
 * 1st Stages 1 & 5
 * 1st Overall Tour of Britain
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 1st Overall Ronde van Nederland
 * 1st Stage 4

 * 1979
 * 1st Stage 2 Tour de Romandie

 * 1980
 * 1st Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 1st Stage 6
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Jersey white.svg Young rider classification
 * 1st Stages 1b (TTT) & 7b (TTT)
 * 2nd Overall Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Stages 1, 4a, 4b & 5

 * 1981
 * Tour de France
 * 1st Stages 1b (TTT), 2, 7 (TTT) & 21
 * Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Stages 1, 2 & 4
 * 1st Prologue Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
 * 1st Stage 5a Tour de Romandie
 * 1st Stage 4b GP du Midi-Libre
 * 1st Stage 4 Ronde van Nederland

 * 1982
 * 1st Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Stage 2 Volta a Catalunya
 * 1st Stage 5a Ronde van Nederland
 * 3rd Overall Tour de France
 * 1st Stage 9a (TTT)

 * 1983
 * 1st Züri-Metzgete
 * 1st Stage 5 Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme

 * 1984
 * 1st Stage 5a Tour de Romandie

 * 1985
 * 1st Points classification, Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Coppa Bernocchi
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour de Romandie

 * 1986
 * 1st Stage 5 Tour de France
 * 1st Stage 19 Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Brabantse Pijl

 * 1987
 * 1st Stage 3 Tour de Suisse
 * 9th Overall Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Points classification
 * 1st Stages 15 & 16

 * 1988
 * 1st Points classification, Giro d'Italia

title: Johan van der Velde


text: User talk:68.99.136.205

title: User talk:68.99.136.205


text:
User:Violetriga/ongoing

 * User:Violetriga/inprogress/Advertising on clothing
 * /Crime during The Blitz
 * /Windkanone
 * British Paralympic gold medallists
 * /Hangry

title: User:Violetriga/ongoing


text:
Catalexis

A catalectic line is a metrically incomplete line of verse, lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot. One form of catalexis is headlessness, where the unstressed syllable is dropped from the beginning of the line.

A line missing two syllables is called brachycatalectic.

In English
Poems can be written entirely in catalectic lines, or entirely in acatalectic (complete) lines, or a mixture, as the following carol, composed by Cecil Frances Alexander in 1848:

 * Once in Royal David's city (8 syllables)
 * Stood a lowly cattle shed, (7 syllables)
 * Where a mother laid her Baby (8 syllables)
 * In a manger for His bed: (7 syllables)
 * Mary was that mother mild, (7 syllables)
 * Jesus Christ her little Child. (7 syllables)

It has been argued that across a number of Indo-European languages, when the two types of line are mixed in this way, the shorter line tends to be used as a coda at the end of a period or stanza.

Blunt and pendant catalexis
It has been argued that catalexis can be divided into two types. (Here "x" stands for an anceps syllable.)
 * (a) When a line with a pendant ending such as trochaic (– u – x) is made catalectic, the result is a line with a blunt (or "masculine") ending (– u –).
 * (b) When a line with a blunt ending such as iambic (x – u –) is made catalectic, the result is a line with a pendant ending (u – x).

An example of a blunt line becoming pendant in catalexis is Goethe's poem Heidenröslein, or, in the same metre, the English carol Good King Wenceslas:
 * Good King Wenceslas looked out, (4 beats, blunt)
 * On the Feast of Stephen, (3 beats, pendant)
 * When the snow lay round about, (4 beats, blunt)
 * Deep and crisp and even; (3 beats, pendant)

Another example is the children's song Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush, of which the first stanza ends as follows:
 * Here we go round the mulberry bush (4 beats, blunt)
 * On a cold and frosty morning (3 beats, pendant)

In all of these songs, when they are set to music, there is a lengthening of the penultimate syllable in order to equalise the two lines. However, there is not enough evidence to tell if a similar phenomenon occurred in Ancient Greek.

When a poem is doubly catalectic (brachycatalectic), that is, shortened by two syllables, a blunt ending remains blunt:
 * Amazing Grace! How sweet the sound (4 beats)
 * That saved a wretch like me. (3 beats)
 * I once was lost, but now am found, (4 beats)
 * Was blind, but now I see. (3 beats)

Quantitative metres
In languages which use quantitative metres, such as Latin, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Persian, and Sanskrit, the final syllable of any line is anceps, that is, indifferently long or short. According to one view dating back to ancient times, even if the final syllable is prosodically short, it counts as long because of the pause which follows it (see brevis in longo). Thus, any line ending x – u –, when catalectic, becomes u – x.

An example in Ancient Greek is the iambic tetrameter, which in normal and catalectic form is as follows:
 * x – u – | x – u – | x – u – | x – u – |
 * x – u – | x – u – | x – u – | u – – |

In classical Arabic, the most commonly used metre, the ṭawīl, has normal and catalectic forms as follows:
 * u – x | u – x – | u – x | u – u – |
 * u – x | u – x – | u – u | u – – |

In Sanskrit, a comparison between the traditional śloka and the mandākrāntā metre reveals the same type of catalexis. The first line of the Bhagavad Gita scans as follows:

 * – – – – | u – – – || u u – – | u – u – |

whereas the metre is as follows:

 * – – – – | u uu uu – || – u – – | u – – |

A similar phenomenon is also found in classical Persian. For example, the metre based on the choriamb pattern (– u u –) has a shortened form as follows:
 * – u u – | – u u – | – u u – | – u u – |
 * – u u – | – u u – | – u – |

In Latin and Greek, the rarely used trochaic octonarius is not catalectic, but the common trochaic septenarius is catalectic:

 * – u – x | – u – x || – u – x | – u – x |
 * – u – x | – u – x || – u – x | – u – |

The anapaestic octonarius and anapaestic septenarius differ as follows. When the final syllable is removed, the final element must be a long syllable, not a double short (see Metres of Roman comedy):

 * uu – uu – | uu – uu – || uu – uu – | uu – uu – |
 * uu – uu – | uu – uu – || uu – uu – | uu – – |

In ancient Greek
Catalexis was common in Greek and Latin meter, and also in ancient Sanskrit verse. Catalectic endings are particularly common where the rhythm of the verse is dactylic ( – u u ), trochaic ( – u ), or anapestic ( u u – ); they tend to be associated with the end of a strophe or period, so much so that it can almost be said that acatalectic forms cannot end a period. In classical verse, the final syllable of a line always counted as long, so that if a dactyl ( – u u ) is made catalectic, it becomes a spondee ( – – ).

Ancient poetry was often performed to music, and the question arises of what music accompanied a catalectic ending. A few ancient Greek poems survive with authentic musical notation. Four of these are by Mesomedes (early second century CE). Secondary sources of Mesomedes' poems To Helios and To Nemesis are in a catalectic meter known as apokrota "sonorous." In each case, in place of the missing short element of the text (i.e., missing syllable) one often finds lengthening signs. In two cases in To Helios, this appears to be a three-note melisma. It is possible that ancient use of catalexis indicated some form of melody or continued singing in place of the missing syllables.

In ancient Greek drama, catalectic meters may have been associated with a male aulete or had some other special use. For example, of Menander's surviving plays, almost all are in iambic trimeters. He changed the meter in one long scene in Misanthrope to a 15-syllable catalectic iambic tetrameter recited to an aulos accompaniment.

In Latin poetry
Poem 25 by Catullus is in iambic tetrameter catalectic. Of Catullus' extant 114 or so poems and fragments, this meter appears only in this poem.

In classical Persian
About 115 different metres are used in Persian poetry, but many of them are rare. The common ones are about 30 in number. Almost all Persian metres are made up of repeated patterns of three, four, or eight syllables, and this makes it easy to see that some metres are catalectic, since the last foot will be one syllable shorter than the others. For example:
 * | u – – | u – – | u – – | u –
 * | u – – – | u – – – | u – –
 * | – u – – | – u – – | – u –
 * | x u – – | u – u – | u u –

 * | – u – – | – u – – | – u – – | – u –
 * | u – u – | u u – – || u – u – | u u –
 * | x u – – | u u – – | u u – – | u u –

The first four metres above, which have 11 syllables each, are commonly used for long masnavi poems, written in rhyming couplets, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, while the longer metres are used for lyric poems. There is one masnavi metre, however, which has only 10 syllables:
 * | – – u u | – u – u | – –

Bruce Hayes suggests a rule to explain this, namely that where a pattern ending in u u is made catalectic, both of the short syllables are omitted at the end of the line.

Catalexis in music
Venantius Fortunatus' hymn Pange lingua is in trochaic tetrameter catalectic—the meter of the marching chants of the Roman armies. The hymn is one of the oldest with surviving musical notation.

As Greek meter is often used to describe musical phrasing, some famous themes include:
 * The slow movement to Haydn's Surprise Symphony (spondaic dimeter catalectic)
 * The theme of Weber's Rondo brillante in E-flat (anapestic tetrameter brachycatalectic)
 * The slow movement of Beethoven's 7th symphony (alternating acatalectic and catalectic dactylic tetrameter)

title: Catalexis


text:
Talk:Harmonium (poetry collection)

copyright status
Here's what I know, I think. I've been wrong several times. The copyright term keeps getting longer, of course. The Mickey Mouse Protection Act sets it now at the life of the author plus 70 years (not 50, as I thought). Some poems in Harmonium were published before 1923, so they are in the public domain. But Harmonium itself won't be in the public domain until 2025 (1955 + 70), assuming that Sonny Bono doesn't return from the dead. However, individual poems in Harmonium are arguably reprintable on Wikipedia or elsewhere because doing so is protected by fair use. One argument is that it's done all the time in books and journals. "Domination of Black" is reprinted in full in Helen Vendler's Words Chosen Out Of Desire, as are several other poems. The Wallace Stevens Journal has further examples of poems from Harmonium in issues I recently checked randomly. For instance, "The Snow Man" is quoted in full in the Fall 1982 issue. So, I put forward the fair-use justification for printing individual poems on separate pages with sorta scholarly commentary. I am confident about this justification, and I think it's appropriate to be aggressive in protecting fair use from the copyright warriors. I'll reintroduce the poem, not because I'm sure I'm right, but because the I think the discussion should mature before deletion begins. I won't add any further poems however. I'll assume the project is aborted until I'm told otherwise. Rats 18:33, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

this book is now in the public domain--I thought it would be useful to start adding the poems to the wiki
 * Why is this book in the public domain? Please cite a reference. It was apparently published in 1923, which is the first year for which copyrights have not (and sadly will not) expire. If Harmonium's copyright has lapsed, we need to explicitly document this unusual case, yes? Arch dude 15:41, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, we are now in agreement that the book as a whole is not known to be in the public domain. Therefore, you now assert that it is acceptable to republish complete poems of the work under the "fair use" doctrine. I just reviewed the "fair use doctrine (thanks for the link.) IMHO, your stated goal of reproducing them all on Wikipedia will violate fair use, because you will have reproduced the contents of "Harmonium" in a way that is semantically equivalent to the work as a whole. I personally think that current copyright law is a peversion of the US constitution, but we need to keep wikipedia clean. However, if you can find specific poems that were published prior to 1923, then please publish them and link them to the "Harmonium" article. Even better: if there is a literary executor, perhaps the executor would simply release the material. Other Authors have found that a free e-copy of a work actually stimulates sales. Arch dude 04:15, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Arch dude is certainly entitled to his opinion, and he may be right. It's worth discussing. What upsets me is that a poem-plus-discussion ("Another Weeping Woman") has been deleted before the discussion had really gotten under way, and long before "semantic equivalence" between Harmonium and my little project had been reached. I've put up nineteen or twenty pages, but there are several times that many poems in Harmonium, including many that would be represented in the project only by cantos, not the whole poem. So even if I understood "semantic equivalence" in this context (I understand the semantic equivalence of 'Snow is white' and 'Schnee ist weiss'), I wouldn't understand the haste to delete "Another Weeping Woman", which seems like the aggression one would expect from an RIAA lawyer rather than a Wikipedian. If a discussion had been completed before deletion had started, I would have asked for clarification about what Arch dude means by "clean" and why it is "important". If it's important because there is a possibility that overly zealous copyright warriors might threaten legal steps, then fair use will die a death of a thousand possible-threat cuts. Cleanliness would be perfect anticipation of what lawyers might possibly object to. Rats 03:26, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

I also addressed this issue in connection with "Disillusionment at Ten O'Clock" ].

According to William H. Bevis ("The Arrangement of Harmonium", in ELH Vol 37, No 3 1970 pp. 456-473) all but a handful of Harmonium's poems were published in various places (magazines, etc.) prior to the publication of Harmonium in 1923: "sixty-seven of the seventy-four poems of the 1923 Harmonium had first been published in small magazines between 1914 and 1923." This means that the project of putting Harmonium's poems on Wikipedia can go ahead, taking care to leave out the 7 poems that hadn't been published before Harmonium's publication. Bevis indicates that Robert Buttel's Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium has the gory details. I'll consult this to identify the seven poems in question before going ahead with the Wikipedia project about Harmonium. Any objections? Rats 05:51, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * This is great. please do publish all of the pre-1923 poems, with commentary, and reference "harmonium" from each of them. In my (not a lawyer) opinion, there is absolutely no way that this is a copyvio. However, for each poem, please do reference the pre-1923 publication, or at least your reason to believe that a pre-1923 publication exists. Please do this for two reasons:
 * it is an important part of the encyclopeadic record for each poem
 * it absolutely crushes any possible argument about copyright
 * May Sonny Bono burn in hell. -Arch dude 04:19, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

 * grin* Rats 12:26, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

A sentence has been added about a connection to "pataphysics". This is new to me, and genuinely interesting. I'd like to bundle it into a brief section on the philosophical implications of Steven's poetry. Such a section would be the appropriate place for this sentence, rather than the section about introductory puzzles and questions. Rats 18:34, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

deleted poem
I will post it on wikisource,along with many others, in the next few days. Then I will figure out how to add the linking template thingie to 'source. --Lacatosias 17:04, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Robert Buttel's Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium has first-publication information for most poems in Harmonium. We should feel able to refer to it as authoritative, as it's been out since 1967 and hasn't been contradicted by copyright lawyers or scholars. Rats 17:40, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

I've consulted Wallace Stevens: A Bibliography (1973: University of Pittsburgh Press) for copyright information that might be in the first editions of Harmonium, but the information is too general to be really helpful. The first edition's front matter includes this: "The poems in this book, with the exception of "The Comedian as the Letter C" and a few others, have been published before in Others, Secession, Rogue, The Soil, The Modern School, Broom, Contact, The New Republic, The Measure, The Little Review, The Dial, and particularly in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, of Chicago, edited by Harriet Monroe."

Hey Critics, How About a Table of Contents?
Do you think you could take time out of analyzing Stevens' poetry and a actually bother listing the contents of this poetry collection? Or is that crude act of mere bibliography beneath you? I mean, it's not like it's an encyclopedia entry or something... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.113.99.228 (talk) 04:55, 26 September 2007 (UTC) The idea about a table of contents is good. I'll implement it as soon as possible, unless the essay is deemed `not sufficiently encyclopedic'. If that's so, let others do the repairs. If the essay and commentaries are considered beyond repair, I'd appreciate notice of two weeks or so, in order to copy what I've done to my personal computer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rats (talk • contribs) 02:24, 29 September 2007 (UTC) Having some roundup of critical opinion on a book of poems is fine, but right now it makes up 90% of the article, which is way, way too much. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.113.99.228 (talk) 17:52, 29 September 2007 (UTC) The project isn't complete yet. For one thing, less than half the poems have been set up. So in my opinion it's too soon to set flags. It's not clear that the "Special:Contributions" comment is coming from an editor. If not, that person and I will just be setting up and tearing down the flags, because I will be disputing that person's authority to intervene in that manner. What would be helpful is some reasoning behind the "way, way too much" judgment about roundup of critical opinion. Where does that come from? What alternative is being proposed? Given the Wikipedia imperative about avoiding a point of view, isn't a large sampling of critical opinion a service to the reader? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rats (talk • contribs) 22:51, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

Removed unnecessary, wasteful original research, replaced with a better (still far-from-complete) version that can be used as a template for further expansion/improvement. "I am become death, destroyer of worlds"- Oppenheimer (talk) 07:08, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

I would like to maybe reopen this discussion. As suggested above, this article is purely a "roundup of critical opinion". It's nice to make it available and all, but insofar as | the site is meant for everyday readers, this article serves almost no purpose. I can't imagine that anyone comes to Wikipedia for this sort of critical sampling. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.163.73.52 (talk) 23:51, 30 August 2012 (UTC) I am not an editor but I agree with this unsigned comment of August 2012. Only specialist scholars and grad students want to read a synopsis of research. If people coming to Wikipedia want to know more about Stevens' poems, they want readings of these poems that demonstrate Stevens genius and his approach to poetry. Commentaries on the best and most anthologized poems will be, IMHO, most appreciated. The article on Harmonium might give a shortened list of the poems and use that as links to commentaries on those individual poems. Why wld anyone want to read the list of all the poems in the book and then reread it in a footnote. I wld like to pare down this index and make it useful. I have already added some commentaries on "Thirteen Ways," "Earthly Anecdote," "Peter Quince," and "Sunday Morning." If I proceed with this view, will I be accused of vandalism? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wolffg (talk • contribs) 15:02, 7 October 2016 (UTC)

Vandalism alert
Someone who signed in as `midnightdreary' vandalized the poem "The Jack-Rabbit", replacing the authentic poem by a spoof version. I have returned the authentic poem.Rats (talk) 16:06, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism?
I've reverted to a longer version. the article had been severely truncated, and no explanation was offered here. It looks like vandalism to me. Rats (talk) 00:11, 8 March 2009 (UTC) Quite to the contrary, all of those edits were made because, as should be very obvious, the current version is unencyclopedic and contains little factual information. "I am become death, destroyer of worlds"- Oppenheimer (talk) 15:05, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

All of the paragraphs are predominantly expository of critical opinion. Isn't that factual information in this area? However, it is certainly fair to dispute my colouring of the exposition. I don't know whether it's unencyclopedic or not, and I'd agree that the issue is arguable. So let's discuss it. But "as should be very obvious" is not an argument or reason. Death/Destroyer's point about wastefulness would be a reason for trimming the entry, but what is the standard for wastefulness? Is it a technical standard, having to do with memory storage, or is the standard to be provided by some other entry in Wikipedia or another encyclopedia? Rats (talk) 03:14, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

Agree with above comment... and I think the section entitled "Of what was it the proclamation?" needs to be deleted, and fast. It sounds like the opening of a lecture on the book. These are questions we answer in analysis... highly interpretive analysis that will vary depending who you ask. Unhelpful section. You can pick any line from any poet and put a question mark behind it... that doesn't qualify as encyclopedic material. Riverseaocean (talk) 03:55, 22 February 2010 (UTC)Riverseaocean

Reply to Riverseaocean. The brief section in question merely quotes a question posed by Vendler. And for the rest, it merely mentions some poems as presenting puzzles or mysteries for the interpreter. Reply to Pepubuslo. Suggestions about what to change would be helpful. --Rats (talk) 18:23, 9 September 2010 (UTC) Belated reply to Rats (from pepebuslo, though I'm not currently logged in): almost the entire article. The "mysteries" you mention are outside the realm of encyclopedic information: examples of this would be when it was published, how it was received, what the subject was. I.e., stuff which cannot be legitimately disputed. Criticism and most literary analysis of the content is not verifiable. You said yourself they are opinion, which violates WP: NPOV. Also, to clarify, the term I meant to use was "useless".

I would fix all this myself but I've forgotten most of what I know about Stevens and am not familiar with many reputable sources on the subject. I'll do the sensible, mature thing and contact someone higher up to help resolve this. 98.192.86.244 (talk) 11:29, 23 October 2010 (UTC)

Template
Seeing as though most of the poems in this collection have their own articles, I figured it would be beneficial for those reading each of the articles in sequence to have a template that would include all the poems in the collection. I would like to add one to each of the individual poem pages (is there a fast way to do this?), though since the list is long it should probably be on autohide, which someone with more knowledge of templates may be able to take care of.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Harmonium Retroviseur (talk) 00:30, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Stopping by for some information on the book, I have to say this article is almost completely useless for the average reader. Metalello (talk) 18:02, 27 April 2012 (UTC)

Too long?
By comparison with the Wikipedia article on "The love song of J. Afred Prufrock", the "Harmonium" page seems to be of acceptable length. So the "length" flag has been removed. Rats (talk) 14:10, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Tone?
The "tone" guidelines stipulates that formal tone should be used: "Formal tone means that the article should not be written using unintelligible argot, slang, colloquialisms, doublespeak, legalese, or jargon; it means that the English language should be used in a businesslike manner." I think the tone flag should be removed until it's clear that the article violates this stricture. If there is unintelligible argot, etc., then of course it should be removed. That can be done without setting the tone flag.Rats (talk) 14:33, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

too many sections?
I found nothing in the "headers and sections" guidelines to indicate that a flag was warranted in this article.Rats (talk) 14:33, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

reorganization?
The bald reference to the page on layout guidelines didn't help me. Some specific recommendations would be helpful.Rats (talk) 14:54, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

 * First section before TOC here is terrible. Way too long and full of information that, if it even belongs in this article, should appear elsewhere.70.174.155.35 (talk) 09:05, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:American Smooth (book) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:46, 12 September 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harmonium (poetry collection)


text: User talk:69.138.143.58

title: User talk:69.138.143.58


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Etrom

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 20:27, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Etrom
Band vanity. Meets no criteria for WP:MUSIC and isn't likely ever to. Harro5 23:10, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Easy delete Renata3 10:38, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 04:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Etrom


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Profit a prendre

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 00:09, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Profit a prendre
This article actually has nothing to do with a Profit-a-Prendre. Nothing at all -- its about joint tenancies, and doesn't do a very good job at that. I have written an accurate article on this topic at "Profit-a-Prendre." Rainbowwarrior1977 23:11, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete There's also a good Joint Tenants article. --DNicholls 23:20, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 04:47, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
North Berkeley station

North Berkeley station is an underground Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station located in the North Berkeley neighborhood of Berkeley, California. It is bounded by Virginia Street, Sacramento Street, Delaware Street, and Acton Street in a residential area north of University Avenue. The main station entrance sits within a circular building at the center of a parking lot, while an elevator between the surface and the platform is located at the parking lot's Sacramento Street edge. The station is served by the Orange and Red lines.

History
The site was originally an open area across which the Key System constructed its Westbrae streetcar line, subsequently given the letter designation "G". The tracks ran diagonally across the property in virtually the same alignment as today's underground BART tracks. Homes began to be constructed along the periphery of the site, and after the G-Westbrae line was closed in 1941, filled in most of the rest of it. All of these were demolished in the 1960s to make way for construction of the North Berkeley station. Early proposals included replacing the demolished homes with apartment buildings, but these did not come to fruition. Instead, the area around the station became a parking lot. The BART Board approved the name "North Berkeley" in December 1965. Service at the station began on January 29, 1973.

Pursuant to a law passed by the state of California in 2018, the City of Berkeley and BART plan to replace the surface parking lots with transit-oriented housing. The station site is only partially suited for housing due to the presence of the tracks and station box diagonally underneath. The Berkeley City Council approved a memorandum of understanding with BART in December 2019. BART selected a development team of three affordable housing nonprofits and a private developer in 2022. Plans call for about 750 housing units, a childcare center, 6500 sqft of retail space, a bike station, and public space with an extension of the Ohlone Greenway over the station box. While most of the parking spaces would be replaced by the development, up to 120 BART parking spaces would be added in a garage, and 80 spaces in auxiliary lots north of Virginia Street will not be modified. , construction is not expected to begin before mid-2025.

Thirteen BART stations, including North Berkeley, did not originally have faregates for passengers using the elevator. In 2020, BART started a project to add faregates to elevators at these stations. The new faregate on the platform at North Berkeley was installed in October 2022.

title: North Berkeley station


text:
Johnsons Cleaners UK

Johnsons Cleaners UK is a subsidiary of Timpson, based in Wythenshawe, Manchester. Founded in 1817, Johnsons is a provider of specialist dry cleaning, key cutting and photo services across 100 branches in the United Kingdom.

The origins of the dry cleaning business go back to 1817 when Johnson Brothers started in business in Liverpool as silk dyers.

In 1920, Johnson Brothers joined forces in amalgamation with two dry cleaning companies, Jas Smith & Son and Flinn & Son Ltd of Brighton. Further expansion of the Group took place over the next sixty years until Johnsons became the largest dry cleaning organisation in the country.

In 1974, they purchased Kneels (Devon and Cornwall's) dry cleaning chain.

At the start of 1980s, larger branches sub let spaces within their stores for concessions, these were mostly either Klick Photopoint or key cutting company "Mister Minit"

In 1985, they were the victim of a hostile take over by their biggest competitor Sketchley, but the takeover bid ultimately failed.

Johnson Cleaners UK Ltd (JCUK) was formed in 1995 when the twelve operating companies, which made up the Johnson Group in the UK at that time, were restructured into just two companies.

In 1997, Klick Photopoint decided to start moving their concessions out of Johnsons and into their own shop premises, initially Johnsons decided to replace Klick with Mister Minit concessions, However they soon changed their mind about this. In May 1998, Mister Minit bought Sketchley Dry Cleaners, which then made Mister Minit their main competitor. Following this takeover, Johnsons started kicking Mister Minit out of their branches and replacing them with rival shoe repair company Timpsons.

In 2000, they took over their largest commercial laundry rival Seamara Group (Sketchley's former holding company prior to 1998).

April 2003 Minit UK PLC (owners of Mister Minit and Sketchley) were taken over by Timpsons, by this transaction Johnsons had a new enemy within their branches to contend with, just like in May 1998 when Mister Minit bought Sketchley, but now there was no other rival multiple shoe repair company they could put into their branches to replace Timpsons.

In 2004, they held talks with Morrisons about buying Safeway's Dry Cleaning Business, but when talks failed; they purchased Sketchley (the UK's second-largest dry cleaner) from Timpson instead. The Sketchley shops were rebranded as Johnsons in 2007.

Along with the acquisition of Sketchley, they inherited the Jeeves of Belgravia (London's upmarket dry cleaning) brand.

In 2006, the JSG (Johnson Service Group) decided to put the chain of 550 dry cleaning stores up for sale, they told the media that the retail division accounted for less than 25% of their annual profits and they had decided to concentrate on their commercial laundry, textile rental and work wear businesses instead, but despite some equity groups looking at the retail arms accounts; no bid was ever made for the dry cleaning shops.

In 2010, they launched Green Earth Dry Cleaning Branding across all their shops.

During the summer of 2012, Johnsons announced the closure of over 100 underperforming stores.

In January 2015, they announced the closure of 109 of their 307 remaining branches; the reason given was the 109 shops' leases had come to an end and it would not be viable to renew them. Today the retail division accounts for less than 10% of JSG's (JOHNSON SERVICE GROUP) Annual profits

In January 2017, the remaining 198 Johnson Cleaners stores, along with Jeeves of Belgravia and Jeeves International, were purchased from Johnson Service Group by competitor Timpsons. Since January 2017 the Johnsons store estate has declined to 100 stores approximately due to the takeover of Morrison's dry cleaning business and existing shop leases not being renewed

title: Johnsons Cleaners UK


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cryptology (album)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. humblefool®Deletion Reform 20:28, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Cryptology (album)
The (official) name of the new Muse CD has not yet been confirmed, but it was previously believed to be called Cryptology or Stars on Fire. Right now, some rumours appear/seem to be false. Can't we just wait until it is (officially) confirmed (like what MrHate said about Tool's upcoming album Teleincision, which is a rumour too)? -- Mike Garcia | talk 23:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep as other hypothetical albums/books have entries and information is compiled about them. Delete per Wikipedia is not a crystal ball. --DNicholls 23:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Wikipedia is not just a rumour source. I'm asking for someone to delete the article because, it is not officially confirmed. As I said above. -- Mike Garcia | talk 23:24, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, at least until it is confirmed. Cyclone49 02:02, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. --DropDeadGorgias (talk) 18:39, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete speculation. JamesBurns 04:46, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename. There will eventually be an article for this album, and since the band has already spoken about it and played songs on it, there's no reason we shouldn't have an article about it.  Acegikmo1 20:41, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, we don't create album articles that has a rumoured title that isn't quiet official yet. -- Mike Garcia | talk 00:56, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's why I think we should rename it to Next Muse album or something of the like. Acegikmo1 20:02, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't think that would be a good idea. -- Mike Garcia | talk 21:36, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well I've Created an Article Next Muse Album which was used to redirect to Cryptology. Why not have it as the "album speculation" page until more is confirmed? But yes I think really this should be deleted Blindfreddy84 23:29, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The truth about this album is that the album may not exist or be called as Cryptology, source InMuseWorld.net. -- 67.150.21.77 22:42, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.