text:
User talk:J3ff/Archive 1

Welcome to Wikipedia! Your articles and edits are very helpful and appropriate; keep up the good work! Feel free to drop me a message at the "talk" link beside my name. --Merovingian ↕ T@Lk 06:27, May 1, 2004 (UTC)

Origin of the name California
I've just translated the sentences, have a look at it. ;)

--Rmflorencia 23:27, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Tila Nguyen
Hello,

I see you've deleted Tila Nguyen from Category:Porn stars and List of heterosexual erotic actresses. I know Tila does mostly softcore work, but if you search around you will see she appears in films caressing other women in the nude and in a very explicitly sexual manner that is intended to arouse the viewer. I think she at least qualifies as an erotic actress, even if not completely a porn star. AlexQ 04:22, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Cuyamaca
I noticed that you added the merge tag to Cuyamaca and Cuyamaca, California. I originally created a single article but it seemed to me that towns and villages tend to have dedicated articles so I split the article in two. I'm inclined to agree that a single article would be sufficient. Is this consistent with other articles that cover a city, town or village and the like-named region in which they sit? If so, in your opinion, should the articles be consolidated under "Cuyamaca" or "Cuyamaca, California"? Rsduhamel 17:58, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I couldn't find enough information about the village to expand it so I merged Cuyamaca with Cuyamaca, California and marked Cuyamaca for deletion. I assume that all the other particulars, such as the duplicate article page, will be taken care of. Rsduhamel 00:51, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

thanks for the edits of my pages, I'm often vague and I forget formatting. ps how do you do that neat thing where you make you name ant the time you commented appear after posting a "talk" thing? -maximusnukeage

Re: Models Wikiproject
That sounds like a good idea. How do we go about doing it? AlexQ 00:43, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

UK railway stations - J
Hi. I've reverted your wikification of the UK railway stations - J page. By convention, the entries in the leftmost column are only wikilinked once there is a railway station article for the town/city/locale. Your links go to what are, in the context of a list of UK railway stations, random pages :( best wishes --Tagishsimon I've created a basic article for Jewellery Quarter station and inserted a link for just that station. --Cje 07:44, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Northern vs. Southern California speech
In response to your question on the Regional American English talk page, I think it would be fascinating to see a section on differences between Northern and Southern California speech, especially since both regions seem to have distinct characters. Of course, it would be helpful if you could provide other examples, but the one you cited would be a good start, too. --Dablaze 20:19, Nov 7, 2004 (UTC)

Culture of Greece
Culture of Greece is this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Confirmation
Jeff, are you sure that her surname is Lee? In the English context, evidence is provided that she is Lee, Sung Hi or Sung Hi-Lee, which says that Sung is her surname. However, using Hangul or Hanja/Hanzi to search, her surname is Lee. You may be correct, but try searching using these methods that I stated. Thanks, User:Chan Han Xiang

Tila Nguyen
She was in the movie 2 Fast 2 Furious.--Jimmyvanthach 13:04, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Re: Current Events, death of Iris Chang
''I put the mention of her death back into the current events section that you removed. Yes, there is a list of deaths on the right, but it does not contain links to outside news articles. Also note that Yasser Arafat's death is listed in the main section of the page even though he is listed in the deaths section. If you have any comments/questions please reply to my talk page.'' -- J3ff 04:36, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I removed the notice of her death, and not Arafat's, because Arafat was a major politician who played an enormous role in his part of the world, and Ms. Chang is a (noted) pop-historian. I thought that the links could be made part of her article, if necessary.

 * In any case, the distinction doesn't matter a great deal to me, and I won't remove the listing again if you put it back. Jxg 04:49, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

U.S. embargo against Cuba
You voted for U.S. embargo against Cuba, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

re Category:Asian Americans
I put this in Category:American people by national origin because of its by-nationality subcategories. I did think about moving Category:African Americans, but I don't think African American is (at this point) nationality based. I understand the parallelism between Asian Americans and African Americans, but I think there's a stronger tie with specific county of origin for Asians. We could keep category:Asian Americans under category:American people and add the by-nationality subcategories to Category:American people by national origin, but having them both there and in category:Asian Americans seems a little weird.
 * Forgot to sign. -- Rick Block 01:48, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Jeff - I copied our discussion to Category talk:Asian Americans. I really do appreciate your perspective on this and hope I'm not coming across as arguing with you.  How about if we see if anyone else comments on the category talk page?  BTW - what do you think about dual parenting the subcategories? -- Rick Block 03:31, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Reason
I apologise, But she is born in Hong Kong and NOT an American-born Chinese. According to the Bruce Lee article, he was the reverse, and he was considered Chinese American because of this. Coco, on the other hand, went to settle in America at ten and had at the most, a status of a Permant Resident and therefore cannot be considered as Chinese American, likewise Zhang Ziyi and Jackie Chan, they are not. I will have to remove her. I apologise if this provoked you, but if you have any enquires, you ay write it in my discussion page. Thanks, User:Chan Han Xiang

Category
Jeff, you were quite right to remove the Chinese Americans category from The Joy Luck Club article. I found it with the misslinked Asian American category, but really it really should be under some literature category instead. Thanks for the cleanup. Willmcw 05:34, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Partition of India
You voted for Partition of India, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

WikiProject Models still active?
I've moved WikiProject Models to the Inactive section of the WikiProject page, as it hasn't been edited since Nov 1st; I wanted to let you know, and ask if you're still working on it. If so, feel free to move it back up into the active section. JesseW 07:39, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Collaboration of the Week
Your vote for African art has helped bring about the article's selection as this week's Collaboration of the week. Please join in trying to make the article a feature.

Presidential Purple
Hey, I suggested a purple map for the presidential election and it was replaced by superior maps. I was just wondering how I can efficiently figure out when it was deleted from the article? This is more about learning the Wiki interface than anything. :'D --RoyBoy 04:14, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Collaboration of the week
Congratulations, the candidate you voted for, Underground Railroad, is this week's Collaboration of the Week. Please help edit the article to bring it up to feature standard.

Re: Import Scene
Sorry, I'm not at all familiar with this topic. Good luck with it, though. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, blog) 03:13, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

COTW
Congratulations, First Indochina War has been voted this week's Collaboration of the week. Please edit it to help raise it to featured article status.

Chuan Leekpai
On what basis do you term Chuan Leekpai Overseas Chinese? Please see the Talk page. Jpatokal 08:34, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

related topics
thanks for pointing out the connections. i think i made the edit because the articles were linked from another broader article... --Rj 16:57, Feb 3, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
I logged on tonight to do my part helping with houskeeping here. I saw your username all over the place, and I've noticed it before. I just wanted to say "thank you" for the RC/NP Patrol work you're doing. It is much appreciated. SWAdair | Talk 07:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Spanish translation
No idea of the current level of interest. I'll still participate, but after a couple where I did about 90% of the work, I decided to back off, and no one else came in to fill the gap... -- 05:36, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd look at Translators available and the corresponding page on meta. -- Jmabel | Talk 05:46, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

Yes, this would be a good project to revive. Someone invited me to participate a few months ago, but I forgot about it. I don't know if I'll be able to help with it every week, but I probably will most weeks. I am a bit confused by the page about the Spanish Translation of the Week, however, as it says that Football War is the article for the week, but it has had a good English article for a long time. I haven't read the entire Spanish article, so I don't know how much better it is, but the English article is definitely not a stub. Academic Challenger 06:24, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Regarding your note on my user page, I'd be happy to help. Unfortunately, it seems like I'm one of the least able spanish translators, but if you have something, I'll put what effort I can into it. --Improv 22:31, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'd also like to help. A little info on how the Spanish Translation of the Week exactly works would be appreciated, thanks. Tycho 23:11, 22 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll help out too, when I have a bit of spare time. Recently I've been working 2 jobs and with 2 young kids in the house my time online can be limited!Doovinator 02:21, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I got your message on my user page and I'll be glad to help when I find the time. One of the things that really bothers me at the wikimedia proyects is how hard it seems to communicate and coordinate things.  I think I'm missing out on something, but whenever I come here I feel sort of alone... Please let me know how I can help.--200.107.170.191 17:13, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Since you were the original requester for Ellison Onizuka, I want to tell you that I have brought the bulk of the Spanish article's content over. -- RandyUang 8 July 2005 09:58 (UTC)

Spanish Translation and WikiUser
I noticed you note at user talk:WikiUser regarding that users involvement/interest in Spanish Translation of the Week. For your information he has not edited recently and I doubt will be doing so in the near future, pending the arbitration against him. Just thought I'd let you know so you're not waiting for a response. violet/riga (t) 09:44, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

What's wrong?
What a manner, could you plaese drop me a note what is wrong with Nikola Moravcevic article? Ninam 06:28, 25 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Spanish
I'm interested in helping out in the Spanish Translation of the Week project. I'll get up to speed with it ASAP. Cheers |Hauser 23:42 NZEST 25 Feb

Archiving current events et al.
I've now correctly archived Current events and British and Irish current events. In future, please do not merely copy-and-paste to archive, but read the clearly labelled archival instructions, as the way I had to carry this out sadly differed somewhat from the correct way due to how things had been changed by subsequent edits.

Yours,

James F. (talk) 04:15, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the heads-up
I visited the page where the complaint against my user page was lodged. The poster is an idiotic troll. I've never written such things anywhere -- not on Wikipedia and certainly not on my user page. Made a post refuting the garbage. Aside from attracting a vandal or two to my page, that should end it. Thanks again. Peace 2 u. deeceevoice 03:44, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Current events
Please stop deleting every single US related article off the Current Events page. The US is part of the world, and at least SOME of the things there are world-related, and at least as important in world affairs as the banning of smoking in Bangladesh. The MS-13 article, in particular, was world-related, in that the members of the gang come from Central America and much of the income of their countries comes from money sent back home by the gang members. Just because something is about the US doesn't mean it should come off the Current Events page. RickK 21:58, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)

The gang members were apprehended by US authorities on US soil.. So what? They're not US citizens nor even in the US legally. The repercussions are sure to resonate in El Salvador, at least. And as I indicated, just because it's in the US doesn't mean it isn't worth putting on Current Events. Your personal opinion that nothing that happens in the US is worth having on the Current Events page does not meet consensus. RickK 22:55, Mar 15, 2005 (UTC)

Spanish to English Translation
Hello, uve sent me a message some time ago asking me if i could translate some articles, i sure can, just let me know what u need. Maberk Ok, i'll work on it Maberk

Spanish to English Translation
Hello. I just noticed that you left a message about Spanish to English translations. Yes, it took me a month to notice it, apologies. Anyway, I'm still available. Just let me know what you want me to check out and I'll help. David Silva 05:08, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Origin of the name California
Wow. I think I'm going to have to retranslate the entirety of the text that is written in ancient Spanish. I take it you're not a native Spanish speaker? I noticed that there were quite a few things that were mistranslated; you wrote things that, though could be considered correct, are not perfect or appropiate.

Yes, I am very picky with these things. Don't take it the wrong way.

I will likely go through all of these from start to finish over the next few days, correcting those small mistakes.

David Silva 01:07, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Oh yeah - I have one request. Lay out the steps for me to start translating articles from one language to another (as in quotation styles and such) and I'll keep doing it on my own. There's tons of stuff that needs to be adapted from En.wikipedia to ES.wikipedia and I'm up for it. David Silva 13:55, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Model minority

 * I'd like to say good job for the changes you've made to this article. Your edits have greatly improved it. — J3ff 02:50, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the support. I hope the article will continue to improve.--Nectarflowed (talk) 09:33, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Yellow Peril link in Asian American
Hello Jeff! You just reinserted the link that i had deleted from Asian American. My intention was not to gloss over this ugly part of history, but rather to put it in the correct context. There are many aspects of Asian-American history, and i believe it is better to group them together than to pick the one of them that is an ethnic slur to represent all of Asian-American history in that section. The article was already in Category:Chinese American history and i added it to Category:Japanese American history, which both can be found via the new Category:Asian-American-related topics. It felt a bit odd to assign it to these two particular groups - as if other groups were not harrased. Maybe we should create a Category:Asian American history and link to it directly from Asian American – that would remove one mouseclick on the way to the Yellow Peril article. What do you think? 19:48, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)

I copied our conversation to Talk:Asian_American and replied there. Pls feel free to delete it here. 20:32, 2005 Apr 23 (UTC)

Category:Asian-American-related topics
Thanks for catching my mistake! I wasn't aware of this. I think a note on this should possibly be included in the Asian American article itself. I've put the page on Requested moves, suggesting it be a 'speedy' move, instead of needing to go through the voting proccess. --Nectarflowed (talk) 21:25, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I propose we move this category to Category:Asian American-related topics, removing the hyphen between Asian and American. Using a hyphen emphasizes duality and should be used to describe things such as foreign relations between two nations, for example, Japanese-American relations.  When describing people we should not use a hyphen.  "Asian" is an adjective describing the American.  Using the hyphen is a bad representation because it creates the notion of a hybrid.  What do you think?  — J3ff 03:07, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Regarding Naruto.no
I added it because I saw other Naruto sites doing the same, but it seems they have been deleted. :) So it's cool. ;)

George Takei, Bechtel, Wenner, etc
HI, could you please modify your entries?

George Takei actually transferred to UCLA, and graduated with a bachelor's degree and master's degree (see ).

Likewise, Stephen D. Bechtel only spent one year in college. Jann Wenner dropped out (I could not find out when) and started Rolling Stone in the year he was scheduled to graduate. Also Adam Duritz didn't finish his degree either.

If there is some way to indicate this information on the entries, or remove them, please do so. Thanks. 4.228.213.88 02:24, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Also please double-check on Pauline Esther Friedman. The year provided is the class year had she actually graduated; I'm not sure she did.  Thanks 4.228.213.88 02:25, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanx for making the changes! 4.228.213.88 02:53, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. If you're at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 22:52, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

SPATRA
Hi. While spreading voter templates for the Spanish Translation which seems to be dying, I noticed you are trying to revive it. I rolled over to the next topic and started spreading the voter-template. I could not find one, so I created one. Here it is:--Fenice 10:53, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Interested in an L.A.-area Wiki meetup?
It's official! The first-ever L.A. Wiki Meetup will be occuring on July 25th, 2005. Are you coming? Would you like to help host? More details on the Meetup page. Be sure to check back regularly for updates! - Eric 3 July 2005 10:54 (UTC)

No need for racial bias, J3ff
The Jewish article which you insist on keeping is complete nonsense and lies, it is incredibly racially bias and has no palce on this site or any other place.

Spanish translation
Can you take over the Spanish COTW? Someone involved me in an edit-war again and I am leaving. Best wishes, --Fenice 21:44, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:J3ff/Archive 1


text:
List of Lockheed C-130 Hercules operators

The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a multipurpose military transport aircraft used by many states around the world, this is a list of the current and former operators.

Algeria - Italy

 * Algeria - Algerian Air Force
 * 2ème Escadre de Transport Tactique et Logistique (three squadrons) - Boufarik Airport
 * Argentina - Argentine Air Force
 * Australia - Royal Australian Air Force
 * Austria - Austrian Air Force
 * Lufttransportstaffel (Linz/Horsching) (C-130K)
 * Bahrain - Royal Bahraini Air Force
 * Bangladesh - Bangladesh Air Force
 * Bolivia - Bolivian Air Force
 * Botswana - Botswana Air Force
 * Cameroon - Cameroon Air Force
 * Canada -
 * Royal Canadian Air Force
 * Coulson Aviation, as airtankers for use on wildfires
 * Chad - Chad Air Force
 * Chile - Chilean Air Force
 * Colombia - Colombian Aerospace Force
 * Denmark - Royal Danish Air Force
 * Ecuador - Ecuadorian Air Force
 * Egypt - Egyptian Air Force
 * Squadrons 4 and 16 flying C-130s from Cairo International Airport
 * Ethiopia - Ethiopian Air Force - two aircraft
 * The Dutch Aviation Society "Scramble" reports that 15 Squadron operates C-130Es and L-100-30s from Harar Meda Airport, Bishoftu.
 * France - French Air and Space Force
 * Gabon - Gabon Air Force
 * Germany - German Air Force
 * Greece - Hellenic Air Force
 * India - Indian Air Force
 * Indonesia - Indonesian Air Force
 * Iran - Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
 * Iraq - Iraqi Air Force
 * Israel - Israeli Air Force
 * Italy - Italian Air Force

Japan
The Japan Defense Agency ordered the C-130H which was the newest model in 1981. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) purchased 16 in total to replace aging C-1 and YS-11P aircraft. The C-130Hs were received from 1984 to 1998. JASDF C-130Hs were active in Iraq from 2004 to 2008. Two C-130Hs (95-1080 and 95–1083) have been equipped with aerial fuel-receiving and refueling functions, making them of KC-130H standard. This provides the JASDF with the ability to refuel the UH-60J search and rescue helicopters of its Air Rescue Wing. Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force The JMSDF bought six used KC-130R aircraft that were in storage, having been previously operated by the US Marines. There was some speculation that they may be used as gunships with the Harvest HAWK kit. In actuality they were purchased to replace three aging YS-11M/M-A aircraft of Air Transport Squadron 61. Their air to air refueling equipment was removed, making them of C-130R standard. Corrosion repair was done and the aircraft were refitted with new landing gear supports, cargo door supports and center wing rainbow fittings. In addition to structural modifications, Japan received thirty overhauled Allison T56-A-16 engines and digital cockpit upgrades to include a digital GPS. Regeneration of the first aircraft began in November 2012 and was planned to be completed by Fall 2013. The six C-130Rs were supplied from 2014 to 2016.
 * Japan Air Self-Defense Force
 * 401st Tactical Airlift Squadron – JASDF Komaki Base
 * Air Transport Squadron 61 – JMSDF Atsugi Base

Jordan - Venezuela

 * Jordan - Royal Jordanian Air Force
 * Kuwait - Kuwait Air Force
 * Libya - Libyan Air Force. Previously operated by the Libyan Air Force under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi's rule until 2011. Sixteen C-130H were ordered, but only eight were delivered, and the remaining aircraft embargoed in 1971.
 * Malaysia- Royal Malaysian Air Force
 * Mexico- Mexican Air Force
 * Morocco- Royal Moroccan Air Force
 * 3rd Royal Moroccan Air Base/Escadre de Transport based at Kenitra Air Base (C-130H)
 * Netherlands- Royal Netherlands Air Force
 * New Zealand- Royal New Zealand Air Force
 * No. 40 Squadron RNZAF, RNZAF Base Auckland
 * Niger - Niger Air Force
 * Nigeria - Nigerian Air Force
 * 301 Heavy Airlift Group based at Lagos/Murtala Muhammed International Airport (C-130H, C-130H-30). On 26 September 1992 a Nigerian C-130H, serial number 911 crashed three minutes after take-off from Lagos, when three engines failed possibly due to high take-off weight. All 158 people on board were killed, including eight foreign nationals.

 * Norway - Royal Norwegian Air Force
 * Oman - Royal Air Force of Oman
 * Pakistan - Pakistan Air Force
 * Peru - Peruvian Air Force
 * Philippines - Philippine Air Force
 * Poland - Polish Air Force
 * Portugal - Portuguese Air Force
 * Qatar - Qatar Emiri Air Force
 * Romania - Romanian Air Force
 * Saudi Arabia - Royal Saudi Air Force
 * Singapore - Republic of Singapore Air Force
 * South Africa - South African Air Force
 * South Korea - Republic of Korea Air Force
 * Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Air Force
 * Sudan - Sudanese Air Force
 * Sweden - Swedish Air Force
 * Taiwan - Republic of China Air Force
 * Thailand - Royal Thai Air Force
 * Tunisia - Tunisian Air Force
 * Turkey - Turkish Air Force
 * United Arab Emirates - United Arab Emirates Air Force
 * United States
 * International Air Response
 * United States Coast Guard
 * United States Air Force
 * United States Marine Corps
 * United States Navy
 * California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
 * Uruguay - Uruguayan Air Force
 * Venezuela *Venezuelan Air Force

Former operators

 * Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Afghan Air Force
 * Belgium - Belgian Air Component
 * Brazil - Brazilian Air Force
 * Honduras - Honduras Air Force
 * South Vietnam - South Vietnam Air Force
 * Spain - Spanish Air Force
 * United Kingdom - Royal Air Force - 15 C-130J. Withdrawn from service at end of June 2023 for sale. The Royal Air Force also previously operated the C-130K.
 * Yemen - Yemen Arab Republic Air Force
 * Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) -

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:69.224.118.34

title: User talk:69.224.118.34


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nicola Tappenden

Nicola Tappenden
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 06:18, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Basically, a Google search has come up with no verifiable means of expanding the entry. Also, the model is an unnotable Page 3 girl that does not merit a page of her own. This is the same issue that exists with the Keeley article. Therefore, the article should be deleted. -- Joe Beaudoin Jr. 02:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Joe. freestylefrappe 02:35, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete being a Page 3 girl is not notable in itself and a Google search couldn't establish other claims to notability. Capitalistroadster 03:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no standalone encyclopdic value. -Splash 04:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- spike it! DavidH 05:07, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; Another non-notable that is unlikely to see any significant expansion. Agentsoo 09:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Ramoth (dragon)

Should this article be named something like Ramoth (Dragon) or Ramoth (Pern)? It seems to me that those would be better than the current name. Nik42 02:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC) [edit: original name was Gold Ramoth]
 * Seconded. I'll move it. RasputinAXP 22:26, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Can a fact checker or independent Wiki member confirm 40 members of the clutch? It has been a while, but I remember 45. I may be wrong, but my inclination towards 45 is hard to ignore.

title: Talk:Ramoth (dragon)


text:
Talk:The Big Blues

ay un bateria, trompetas, un bajo, por q solo ponen a albert con la guitarra y la voz--201.253.129.137 (talk) 20:47, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Le falta mucho, pero ¿por qué pregunta Vd. en el castellano? Este es un sitio en inglés. Ojorojo (talk) 04:00, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Big Blues


text:
File:Bausenhagen2.JPG

Summary
View from the Haar north towards Bausenhagen with the Sauerland in the background. Picture is property of the author (rsimon). Licensed under GNU Free Documentation License.

title: File:Bausenhagen2.JPG


text: Category:Major League Baseball venues

title: Category:Major League Baseball venues


text:
The Burning Wheel

The Burning Wheel is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game independently written and published by Luke Crane. The game uses a dice pool mechanic (using only standard six-sided dice) for task resolution and a character generation system that tracks the history and experiences of new characters from birth to the point they begin adventuring.

Characters and monsters
The Character Burner contains rules and biographic elements for generating Humans, Dwarves, Elves, and Orcs as characters, providing each with unique exceptions or additions to the overall game mechanics. Humans have access to Sorcery and miraculous Faith, Elves have a Grief statistic and spell-songs, Dwarves have Greed, and Orcs have blasphemous Hatred.

The Monster Burner supplement includes pre-made monsters as well as mechanics and backstories for designing and building custom monsters, allowing the game to cover a much broader range of adventure and setting. This volume also contains four new and complete races for Burning Wheel: Great Wolves, Roden (anthropomorphic rats), Great Spiders, and Trolls.

Setting
The core game does not include a dedicated setting, but there are three setting supplements. In the core game, the rules, mechanics and backstory elements used in character generation imply a fantasy world by default, but can be easily modified, and the game includes mechanics for players to generate their own setting content during play, in the form of Wises and Circles tests.

The game has had three dedicated settings:

January 2004: Under a Serpent Sun is a dark post-apocalyptic setting inspired by the lyrics of a 1995 song of the same name by heavy metal band At the Gates. It was published as a short pdf supplement.

August 2005: Burning Sands: Jihad is a science fiction expansion of galaxy-spanning religious war. A blog associated with the creators of Burning Wheel describes this expansion as based on the Dune series. It was published as a short pdf supplement.

August 2007: The Blossoms are Falling, based in Heian-era Japan. "You play fearsome bushi trapped between honor and shame, wise Shinto priests who seek to placate the spirits who protect Nihon, powerful Buddhist monks who pray for the souls of the dead while plying strong influence at court, and powerful courtiers battling for control of the failing state." It was published as a 212 page book, which has since gone out of print.

Game mechanics and philosophy
Players generate a detailed background history for their characters, along with core motivations and ethics (Instincts and Beliefs) that connect them to the storyline and to the other player characters (PCs). Story develops organically rather than being pre-scripted, as a number of the game mechanics exist to prevent the gamemaster (GM) from dominating the game's direction and to help promote co-operation and trust between the players. (This is distinct from co-operation among the characters, who may argue or fight within the context of the rules.) Examples of such mechanics include pre-negotiated roll or scene outcomes, the 'Let it Ride' rule, and the absence of hidden information.

The GM is encouraged to create problems and challenges that specifically probe and test the Beliefs and Instincts of the PCs, and as a consequence characters frequently undergo significant change in their goals and attitudes over time.

The game also includes a variety of complex, but technically optional, sub-systems for dealing with combat, chases, negotiation and spell casting.

Publication history
The core game includes two volumes: The Burning Wheel, containing rules and mechanics, and the Character Burner, with additional rules and biographic elements for generating characters. The original rules (now referred to as Burning Wheel Classic) were published 1 November 2002. A second edition, incorporating significant rules and text changes and generally referred to as Burning Wheel Revised, was published 5 May 2005. A single-volume 600-page hardcover third edition, Burning Wheel Gold, combined the contents of Burning Wheel Revised and Character Burner and was published 11 August 2011. In every case, the actual name of the game, as displayed on the cover art, is simply The Burning Wheel. The three editions share many underlying concepts, but their rules are not entirely compatible.

The Magic Burner supplement was released in August 2008. It expands the limited rules found in the main rule book by describing a variety of potential metaphysical sources of magic, with associated rules on how those affect what spells can do and how they are cast. The book also contains additional traits and skills useful for magic-wielding characters and a system for creating custom spells.

The Adventure Burner supplement was released in July 2010. It includes three ready-to-play scenarios, a host of pregenerated character templates for all officially supported races, and an extensive Commentary section that provides advice about how best to play the game and use the system for fun and challenge.

Following a successful Kickstarter campaign in 2016, a second book pertaining to the "Burning Wheel Gold" edition line was edited, the "Burning Wheel Codex". The "Burning Wheel Codex" updates the material from the Adventure, Monster and Magic Burner books for the previous Revised edition to the Gold rules, and also adds some new, original material and artwork.

Related games
Luke Crane also wrote Burning Empires, a science fiction RPG based on the Iron Empires graphic novels by Christopher Moeller. Burning Empires shares many mechanics with Burning Wheel, and was released at Gen Con 2006.

Crane also wrote Mouse Guard, which uses a simplified version of the Burning Wheel system and is set in the world of the Mouse Guard comics. It won Best Role-Playing Game at the 2009 Origins Awards. Another game in this line is Torchbearer.

Reviews

 * Pyramid - Revised

title: The Burning Wheel


text:
Talk:Live Wire/Blues Power

Fair use rationale for Image:Livewirebluespower.jpg
Image:Livewirebluespower.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:27, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Rationale added. Fbergo (talk) 00:18, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Live Wire/Blues Power


text: Talk:Years Gone By

title: Talk:Years Gone By


text:
Talk:Blues for Elvis – King Does the King's Things

Fair use rationale for Image:BluesForElvis.jpg
Image:BluesForElvis.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:12, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Fair use rationale was added. Fbergo (talk) 00:26, 14 February 2008 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Lovejoy (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:LovejoyAlbum.jpg
Image:LovejoyAlbum.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 19:17, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lovejoy (album)


text: Talk:Wednesday Night in San Francisco

title: Talk:Wednesday Night in San Francisco


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Westlake Data Corporation

Westlake Data Corporation
 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 06:20, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Very small time. Fourteen google hits says not notable. Denni ☯ 02:16, 2005 July 26 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable. freestylefrappe 02:36, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Also: severe question mark over Brittain Fraley... an avid swimmer? Flowerparty talk 02:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Brittain Fraley is listed farther down.
 * Delete. nn vanity. Agentsoo 09:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn. -- BMIComp  (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 17:15, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Thursday Night in San Francisco

The Album chronology link (to "Albert (1992)" is incorrect. I'd fix it, but I'm an impotent newb right now.--Rvgm (talk) 18:11, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thursday Night in San Francisco


text:
User talk:WorldMaker

WorldMaker is the oft-used nom de Internet of Max Battcher from Louisville, KY.

WikiProject Louisville
Greetings. I'm just dropping a line to all Louisville residents I can find to ask them to consider joining the new WikiProject Louisville. It has been determined there is a *lot* of work to do yet remaining for Louisville-related subjects, and therefore we would definitely appreciate your presence. If by chance you are unable to join us, that's all right, but if you can, please tell other Louisvillians about this worthy project. Thank you for your time! — Stevie is the man!  Talk 00:40, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:WorldMaker


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump

The men's triple jump was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 16, 1900. 13 athletes from six nations competed. The event was won by Myer Prinstein of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's triple jump. Prinstein became the first, and through the 2016 Games, only, person to have won both the long jump and the triple jump. James Brendan Connolly took second, making him the first man to medal twice in the triple jump (he had won in 1896). Lewis Sheldon finished third, completing what would later be known as a medal sweep.

Background
This was the second appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. James Brendan Connolly of the United States, the defending champion, was the only jumper to return after the 1896 Games. There was no favorite as "the event was rarely held at that time" and was not even on the original program.

Great Britain and Sweden each appeared for the first time in the event. France, Germany, Hungary, and the United States all appeared for the second time.

Competition format
There was a single round of jumping.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics.

(*) unofficial

Myer Prinstein set a new Olympic record with 14.47 metres.

Results
Prinstein defeated the defending champion Connolly to win the second Olympic triple jump competition. Distances for most of the competitors are unknown, as are placings after sixth.


text: Category:Western Australian ministries

title: Category:Western Australian ministries


text:
Hammocking

Hammocking is a technique used in broadcast programming whereby an unpopular television program is scheduled between two popular ones in the hope that viewers will watch it, using the analogy of a hammock hanging between two strong and established trees. Also related is the concept of tent-pole programming, or using popular, well-established television shows scheduled in pivotal time periods to boost the ratings of the shows around them. Used especially for new shows, hammocking is limited to prime time, where "appointment television" is strong.

The main theory in play is that audiences are less likely to change channels for a single time slot. Presupposing that there are three available time slots, the weakest show would, under a hammocking strategy, be placed in the middle slot so that its lead-in, the show that airs before it, is a series popular enough to create a coattail effect when a viewer leaves the television on the same station; to keep people watching, another popular series is positioned in the lead-out slot after the weak show, so the viewer has reduced incentive to change the channel. These strategies depend on the general phenomenon of audience flow. The strength of the final program then presumably leads into the late local news, followed by late night programming, with the hope the channel remains unchanged after bedtime to allow a network affiliate television station to have strong ratings for its morning newscast leading into the network's morning show. This creates a halo effect with the schedule in general to build network and affiliate station loyalty with a viewer.

Public broadcasting also uses this as a way to promote serious but valuable content. Hammocking may lead to situations where even if programs remain weak, audience rating will be high. However, there is a risk. If the middle show is too weak, the audience could change the channel altogether even if they “would have stayed if the two popular programs had formed a block.”

Hammocking has been fairly reliable over the years. It was largely discovered by accident in the late 1950s: Michael Dann is credited with developing the concept after December Bride, thought to be a major hit at the time, under-performed when it lost its lead-in, I Love Lucy.

Trying to hammock programs that have little in common with each other can have unusual consequences: TNBC, a block of programming NBC carried during the 1990s that had been aimed at teenagers, had a lead-in from Weekend Today, a news program targeting those teens' parents. By the end of TNBC's run, after the block's teen viewership had declined, the average age of those recognized by the Nielsens as watching TNBC was 41 years old, driven mainly by the lead-in from Weekend Today.

British network ITV used a hammocking strategy for its game show event series Red or Black?, under which each episode in its first season consisted of a pre-recorded segment and a live final round, with a second program (such as The X Factor) aired in between. The British comedy Britain's Got the Pop Factor... and Possibly a New Celebrity Jesus Christ Soapstar Superstar Strictly on Ice used hammocking for comedic effect in support of its satire of reality talent competition shows, with its two parts (which depict the final performance and results shows of a singing competition) being hammocked on its Channel 4 premiere by a documentary on the special's creator Peter Kay.

In some cases, the middle show becomes a hit. NBC used this strategy for years with its Must See TV Thursday night schedule, where the strong series on the night, Friends, Seinfeld, Frasier, Will & Grace and ER, provided two half-hour hammock spots in the night where newer sitcoms were positioned in order to provide strength throughout the night and build the network's bench on other nights if they proved successful. Many of the programs were critically derided for poor writing and acting and "floating by" on the ratings of other shows (The Single Guy and Union Square being the most prominent and higher-rated examples). So dominant was Must See TV, that a common industry joke of that era was the comparison of the hammocked shows to NBC instead placing a test pattern in the half-hour between the end of one top-of-the-hour show and the start of the other, and garnering equivalent ratings for much less effort and cost.

The WB had a similar experiment with an hour of hammocking on Mondays after 7th Heaven and before the local news or off net syndicated programming. Examples of 7th Heaven/local program hammocking include Savannah, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (until it was moved out of the hammock spot in 1998), Three, Kelly Kelly, Alright Already, Hyperion Bay, Rescue 77, Safe Harbor, the second season of Zoe, Brutally Normal, Roswell (until its move to UPN), Angel (until it was moved out of the hammock spot in 2002), Just Legal, Related and Runaway. The sole exception is Everwood, because the show draws much more of an audience with 7th Heaven than the hammock programs.

In the 2003–04 season, NBC experimented with a new hammocking format with Donald Trump's The Apprentice, which aired between Friends and ER. "Much was made of the ratings for The Apprentice, but in truth, even in its protected spot, it lost almost 4 points compared with the Friends lead-in and 2 points compared with ER. Moreover, when moved to the unprotected Wednesday night slot, it dropped into the bottom third of the ratings."

NBC's effort to hammock The Jay Leno Show between its prime time lineup and local affiliates' late local news was a failure, as the late local newscasts saw massive ratings declines, as did the shows following those late local newscasts, particularly The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. The resulting dispute led to Leno being given back The Tonight Show's time slot, and the brand as well after an unhappy O'Brien left NBC in February to start his own series on TBS.

Recently, ABC attempted to hammock programming after Modern Family and a drama after (in this case, either Revenge, Designated Survivor, or A Million Little Things), to middling or little success. More recently, CBS made an attempt to hammock programming between NCIS and NCIS: New Orleans, which proved somewhat successful. Examples include Bull (a series featuring former NCIS regular Michael Weatherly) and FBI (which launched a Most Wanted spin-off as a hammock end to the Tuesday evening schedule at the start of 2020).

The Super Bowl has regularly been used as an opportunity to take advantage of the massive lead-out audience the game produces. Through the early 1990s, most attempts to launch new series in the slot had been failures, after which networks became more likely to air highly-anticipated episodes or premieres of an already-established series rather than series premieres (although there have still been exceptions to this practice).

title: Hammocking


text:
Caribbean Spanish

Caribbean Spanish (español caribeño, ) is the general name of the Spanish dialects spoken in the Caribbean region. The Spanish language was introduced to the Caribbean in 1492 with the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It resembles the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands, and, more distantly, the Spanish of western Andalusia. With more than 25 million speakers, Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the Caribbean Islands.

More precisely, the term in its strictest sense however refers to the Spanish language as it is spoken on the Caribbean island nations of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. In a much looser sense, it can also include the Caribbean coasts of Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela; and on the widest application of the phrase, it includes the Caribbean coastal regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

Phonology

 * Seseo, where and  merge to, as in the rest of the Americas, in the Canary Islands and in southern Spain.
 * Yeísmo, where and  merge to, as in many other Spanish dialects.
 * is debuccalized to at the end of syllables, as is common in the southern half of Spain, the Canaries and much of Spanish America: los amigos  ('the friends'), dos   ('two'). It may also be elided entirely. Syllable-final  is always or mostly pronounced in formal speech, like TV broadcasts.
 * Syllable-initial is also sporadically debuccalized in unstressed syllables, although this process is documented only in certain areas, such as parts of Puerto Rico: cinco centavos,  la semana pasada.
 * As a reaction to the stigmatization of s-debuccalization and elision, hypercorrections are frequent. For example, speakers may say catorces año for catorce años '14 years'. These hypercorrections are called hablar fisno 'speaking finely', with an extra, hypercorrect 's'.
 * pronounced, as is common in Andalusia, the Canary Islands and various parts of South America.
 * Occasional lenition of to  mucho →, as in part of Andalusia or in Chile.
 * Word-final is realized as a velar nasal  (velarization). It can be elided, with backwards nasalization of the preceding vowel: →; as in part of Andalusia.
 * Deletion of intervocalic and word final, as in many Spanish dialects: cansado ('tired'), nada → ('nothing'), and perdido  ('lost'), mitad →
 * Syllable final 'r' has a variety of realisations:
 * lambdacism → porque →
 * deletion of hablar →
 * assimilation to following consonant, causing gemination. carne →, verde →. Most notable of Spanish spoken in and around Havana.
 * is a common realization in the middle and upper classes in Puerto Rico under the influence of English.
 * vocalization of to  hacer → in the Cibao region of the Dominican Republic.
 * aspiration → carne →
 * is devoiced to [] in the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico: cotorra → and realised as a uvular fricative, (uvularization) in rural Puerto Rican dialects
 * Several neutralizations also occur in the syllable coda. The liquids and  may neutralize to  (Cibaeño Dominican celda/cerda  'cell'/'bristle'),  (alma/arma  'soul'/'weapon', comer  'to eat'), or as complete regressive assimilation (pulga/purga  'flea'/'purge').  The deletions and neutralizations (→→→) show variability in their occurrence, even with the same speaker in the same utterance, which implies that nondeleted forms exist in the underlying structure. That is not to say that these dialects are on the path to eliminating coda consonants since such processes have existed for more than four centuries in these dialects.   argues that it is the result of speakers acquiring multiple phonological systems with uneven control, like that of second language learners.
 * In Caribbean Spanish, there are geminated consonants when and  in syllabic coda are assimilated to the following consonant. Examples of Cuban Spanish:

Morphology

 * As in all American variants of Spanish the third person plural pronoun ustedes has supplanted the pronoun vosotros/vosotras.
 * Voseo is now completely absent from insular Caribbean Spanish. Contemporary commentators such as the Cuban Esteban Pichardo speak of its survival as late as the 1830s (see López Morales 1970:136‑142) but by the 1870s it appears to have become confined to a small number of speakers from the lowest social strata. In addition to most of Central America, voseo is used in the northwest of Venezuela (states of Falcón and Zulia), in the north of the Colombian department of Cesar, in the south of La Guajira department on Colombia's Atlantic coast, and in the Azuero Peninsula in Panama.
 * The diminutive (ito, ita) takes the form (ico, ica) after : pato→patico, pregunta→preguntica. BUT perro→perrito.
 * Possibly as a result of the routine elision of word-final, some speakers may use as a plural marker, but generally this tendency is limited to words with singular forms that end in a stressed vowel:  café 'coffee' →  'coffees',  sofá 'sofa' →  'sofas'.

Vocabulary

 * The second-person subject pronouns, tú (or vos in Central America) and usted, are used more frequently than in other varieties of Spanish, contrary to the general Spanish tendency to omit them when meaning is clear from the context (see pro-drop language). Thus, tú estás hablando instead of estás hablando. The tendency is strongest in the island countries and, on the mainland, in Nicaragua, where voseo (rather than the use of tú for the second person singular familiar) is predominant.
 * So-called "wh-questions", which in standard Spanish are marked by subject/verb inversion, often appear without the inversion in Caribbean Spanish: "¿Qué tú quieres?" for standard "¿Qué quieres (tú)?" ("What do you want?").

title: Caribbean Spanish


text:
Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)

Nordend-West and Nordend-Ost are two quarters of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The division into a western and an eastern part is mostly for administrative purposes, as the Nordend is generally considered an entity. Both city districts are part of the Ortsbezirk Innenstadt III.

title: Nordend (Frankfurt am Main)


text:
User:WorldMaker

WorldMaker is the oft-used nom de Internet of Max Battcher from Louisville, KY.

title: User:WorldMaker


text:
William Taverner (surveyor)

William Taverner (c. 1680 – 7 July 1768) born Bay de Verde, Newfoundland. Taverner, son of William Taverner was a plantation owner in St. John's in 1768 and by 1702 had business establishments in Trinity and Poole. He became very successful in his business, so much so he spent the winter months in England.

Following the Treaty of Utrecht, Placentia and the southwest coast of the Island of Newfoundland were ceded to Britain. Taverner was appointed to survey this part of the coast and the adjacent islands where the French usually fished. His report, presented in 1718, included charts and noted the presence of French ships at Saint Pierre. From 1718 until 1725, Taverner was probably involved in the trade between Poole, Placentia and Saint Pierre. He and other Poole men were involved in the salmon fishery of the south coast in 1726.

Taverner conducted another survey from 1726 to 1728, this time on the west and northeast coast of the Island of Newfoundland. Experimenting with trade and the fishery in the area, he was operating on his own account in the Strait of Belle Isle in 1729. As an advisor to the Board of Trade, Taverner was consulted in 1740 on the question of fortifications in Newfoundland. His review of the fishery for the years 1736 to 1739 demonstrated the need for protection. Most of Taverner's survey work was presented verbally rather than in chart form and few documents are extant. Nevertheless, Taverners work was significant in expanding English knowledge of the south coast and in pioneering trade in the areas previously dominated by the French and Basques.

title: William Taverner (surveyor)


text:
Condemned: Criminal Origins

Condemned: Criminal Origins (released as Condemned in Europe and Australia) is a 2005 first-person action and survival horror video game for Windows and Xbox 360. Developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sega, it was an Xbox 360 launch title and was released in North America in November 2005, in Europe in December, and in Australia in March 2006. The Windows version was released worldwide in April 2006. Monolith also released an online episodic flash game prequel, and there were plans for a film to expand the Condemned universe, with at least three additional games already mapped out by 2005. However, the film was never made, and the only addition to the franchise was Condemned 2: Bloodshot, which was released in 2008 for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.

The game tells the story of Ethan Thomas, an agent with the FBI's Serial Crime Unit (SCU). In the fictional city of Metro, there has been a surge in both serial killings and assaults perpetrated by vagrants, and Thomas is convinced the two are connected. As he hunts a killer dubbed the Match Maker, Thomas is framed for murder and, pursued by his former Bureau colleagues, he finds his whole life upended as he stumbles onto something that goes far beyond any one individual killer.

Aesthetically influenced by films such as The Silence of the Lambs and Seven, Condemned's designers wanted to create a game focused on either a new game mechanic or an existing mechanic with a fresh spin, and so they decided to apply their experience with first-person shooters to a game focused primarily on something not usually seen in first-person games – melee combat. Building a simple but robust combat system, the designers utilised the capabilities of the Xbox 360 to create a realistic and unsettling environment, with a heavy focus on visceral and violent close-quarters combat.

Condemned was well received by critics, who praised the combat mechanics, graphics, animations, AI, and, especially, the sound design and atmosphere. Common points of criticism included the game's linearity, a lack of variety in both level design and gameplay, and what was perceived as a poor implementation of the use of forensic tools. The game sold well upon its initial Xbox 360 release, going on to become the fifth best selling launch title on the platform. It also won multiple categories in both GameSpots and IGNs Best of 2005 awards.

Gameplay
Condemned: Criminal Origins is a first-person psychological thriller video game with survival horror and action elements. There are two main components to the gameplay – combat and investigating crime scenes.

The game's combat is built primarily around melee; firearms are available, but are relatively uncommon. Players can acquire melee weapons from their immediate surroundings in several ways; they can be found lying out in the open, they can be forced from the environment (such as pulling a pipe from a wall or snapping off a 2x4), or they can be taken from an enemy. Enemies can also acquire and use any weapon that the player can use, including firearms. Each weapon has its own combination of damage, speed, range, and blocking stats; so, for example, an axe may have higher damage and range stats than a pipe, but the pipe may have higher speed and blocking stats. There are two classes of melee weapon; debris weapons and entry tools. Debris weapons are items that have no function other than combat. Entry tools are items that can be used in combat but that also have an alternative function. For example, an axe can chop down certain doors, a crowbar can open certain safes, a sledgehammer can destroy certain padlocks, and a shovel can cut through certain electrical wires.

Blocking is an essential component of the game mechanics as the player can only take a few melee hits before dying. A successful block momentarily knocks an enemy off balance, giving the player a chance to attack. An additional component of the game's melee is the ability to perform "finishing moves" when an opponent is on their knees, such as a headbutt, a neck break, a punch, or a head slam. The player can also use a quick-kick, which is available at all times; if the player is unarmed, if they are carrying a firearm, or if they are carrying a melee weapon.

When using a firearm, the player cannot collect additional ammo, as firearms cannot be reloaded; each firearm lasts only as long as there are bullets in the current magazine. The player can also use the butt of any firearm as a melee weapon. However, unlike other melee weapons, firearms will break when used repeatedly. The player also has a taser which can be used to temporarily stun a target. This does minimal damage, but it does allow the player to seize the stunned enemy's weapon. However, after each use, the taser must recharge before it can be used again, meaning it cannot be used as a regular substitute for the game's melee weapons. Irrespective of whether the player is carrying a firearm or a melee weapon, only one weapon can be carried at a time.

The other primary game mechanic is forensic crime scene investigation. The game utilises a context-sensitive button, which can call upon a suite of tools to find and record evidence. When the player encounters an "Instinct Area", the game will alert them to the presence of evidence. Pressing the tool button will automatically deploy the correct detection tool needed to locate the evidence. Once the evidence has been located, pressing the tool button again will automatically ready the necessary collection tool. Once collected, the evidence is automatically sent to the lab to be analysed. Detection tools include a UV light, a laser light, and a spectrometer. Collection tools include a sampler, a portable 3D scanner, and a digital camera. Examples of evidence include fingerprints, footprints, fibers, residues, particles, and blood splatter.

Plot
Ethan Thomas is an FBI agent assigned to the Serial Crime Unit (SCU) in the fictional city of Metro. Possessing the ability to sense a killer's actions, Thomas has the highest solve rate in the unit. However, many of his recent cases have gone cold. Meanwhile, he is convinced that the recent rise in serial killers is connected to a spike in crime, specifically assault amongst vagrants.

Arriving at the location of a homicide in a derelict building, Thomas is met by Det. Dickensen and Ofc. Becker of Metro PD. They conclude that the murder is the work of the "Match Maker", a killer that uses mannequins in his crimes. Realizing that someone else is in the building, they split up, but when Thomas loses his gun, a man takes it and holds him at gunpoint, saying, "we are both on the same path of righteousness." He then shoots and kills both Dickensen and Becker before pushing Thomas through a window.

Thomas wakes up in his apartment to find Malcolm Vanhorn, a family friend. Vanhorn warns Thomas that he is wanted for the deaths of the police and advises him to run. Assisted via phone by his colleague, Lt. Rosa, Thomas heads to a nearby metro station where he finds a room with a camera pointing at his apartment and a wall covered in newspapers, each one detailing a case Thomas worked, although many of the pages have a hand-drawn "X" on them. Finding evidence that the Match Maker is in an abandoned retail store, Thomas heads there.

In the store, he finds the Match Maker's body. Referring back to the newspapers, Rosa notes that all the articles with an X have gone cold, and she concludes that the man who took Thomas's gun is killing serial killers, hence why the cases went cold. She dubs him Serial Killer X (SKX). At the city library, Rosa reveals that she has found several anomalies in Thomas's personnel file - his bone density is abnormally high; he has an overactive serotonergic system; and there is a chest x-ray in which the vocal cords have been redacted. Meanwhile, Thomas begins to have visions of a man with metal implants in his body, most notably his mouth. Finding evidence that Serial Killer X may be operating out of an abandoned orchard, Thomas and Vanhorn head there.

As he explores the house, Thomas finds the Torturer's body. He takes SKX by surprise and seems poised to defeat him, when he is attacked by Vanhorn. He hears Vanhorn refer to SKX as "Leland, nephew", pleading with him that he doesn't know his own mind, but Leland knocks Vanhorn out as Thomas faints. When he awakens, he is tied up and at the mercy of Leland, who brags about using Thomas to help him find victims. Vanhorn comes to and attacks Leland, allowing Thomas to escape. Vanhorn tells him that he must hunt down and kill the man with the implants as he is the cause of the violence in the city. As Thomas searches, he hears a voice telling him, "You belong to us, Ethan. You have always belonged to us." He eventually tracks down the man and kills him by ripping out his implants.

As Vanhorn drives Thomas home, Thomas discovers that Leland is alive in the trunk. Vanhon explains, "he was a good boy. We were all good people. We were able to fight it back, most of us. My nephew was not as strong." Thomas pulls his gun on Leland, and the player is given the option of whether to shoot or not. If they do not, Leland pulls out his own gun and seemingly commits suicide. Some time later, Thomas, now cleared of the deaths of Dickensen and Becker, meets Rosa. She explains that the FBI believes Leland was part of a cult and asks him if he knows anything about it. However, she tips him off that she is wired before he answers. Rosa leaves and Thomas goes to the bathroom. While there, he vomits and the implanted man is seen approaching him in the mirror. The man disappears, and Thomas spins around, showing that his mouth now bears the same implants.

Development
Condemned: Criminal Origins was announced by Sega and Monolith Productions in February 2005 for PC and as yet unspecified next generation consoles. Sega of America's Vice President of Entertainment Marketing, Scott A. Steinberg, said, "the atmospheric tension and cinematic qualities" of the game would "offer consumers the rich experience of a psychological thriller, something that has not been accomplished on previous hardware platforms." Monolith's CEO Samantha Ryan said, "new leaps in technology are allowing our teams to create immersive game environments that are incredibly realistic." She explained that the "goal with Condemned is to combine a disturbing atmosphere with realistic physics, devious AI, and a sophisticated combat system."

In April, it was revealed that the game would be releasing on Xbox 360. The game was first shown at E3 in May as a non-playabe demo. A playable demo was made available at G-Phoria later that month. A more expansive playable demo was presented at X05 in October. Shortly after X05, Sega announced that the game would be an Xbox 360 launch title, releasing on November 22. The game went gold on November 2.

The game's writer and lead designer, Frank Rooke, cites films such as Adrian Lyne's Jacob's Ladder (1990), Jonathan Demme's The Silence of the Lambs (1991), David Fincher's Se7en (1995), Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later (2002), and James Wan's Saw (2004), as well as the TV show The X-Files, as the main influences for the game's atmosphere and aesthetic. Prior to development, Monolith carried out extensive research on real-world serial killers, as they wanted to better understand the psychology of such people. Basing Metro very loosely on Seattle, they also hired surveyors to search out abandoned and condemned buildings, empty warehouses, and neglected and forgotten areas of the city so as to give them a template for the game's visual design. Of the atmosphere, producer David Hasle says that the team focused on three types of horror: shock (such as jump scares), tension (using player anticipation to build dread), and psychology ("the player, will find bizarre hallucinations, strange visions occurring and you won't know if they are real or just in the player's head").

Of the game's combat system, Rooke notes that the team "wanted to mess around, find game mechanics that could be considered new, or at least tweaked a little bit to be fresh." Wanting the melee combat to be "absolutely satisfying, in the same way that dueling somebody with a huge machine gun or shotgun is," Hasle explains that the key design elements underpinning the system were close-quarters combat and gritty, inelegant street fighting, whereby players (and enemies) must do whatever necessary to survive. Hasle states, "we wanted to bring the enemy into your face and keep him there until the combat was resolved." Wanting a "visceral kind of raw feel", the team kept the combat simple; "we didn't mess it up with a bunch of combos; it's just a basic raw, primal kind of fight that you would expect in this setting." An important part of this is the game's AI, with different enemies reacting in different ways to being attacked; some will become more aggressive, some will try to flee, some will hide in the hopes of a surprise attack, some will look for a stronger weapon. The variety of possible reactions adds to the unpredictability of the combat system.

In terms of technology, the game uses per-pixel lighting, volumetric lighting, shaders, anti-aliasing, normal mapping, color mapping, specular mapping, and shadow mapping, with especial emphasis on realistic physics. Speaking of the game's lighting, Hasle explains, "there is absolutely no static lighting in Condemned. Static lighting places light sources in the world and then calculates the shadows that correspond to that light source. The shadows are then burned onto the world and cannot be manipulated." For Condemned, the team felt that "creating natural light and shadow movement is important to creating and maintaining a frightening and tense mood." Tied to this, the game "features numerous unique and carefully crafted shaders. Shaders essentially involve the layering of several textures that react to a light source to create a specific surface reflection [...] these features are highlighted through the use of several stylized screen effects, such as film grain, bleach bypass, and dark shader effects."

The Dark
Some of the game's unlockable bonus material reveals that it was originally known as The Dark and differed from the final product in several ways. For example, the player character was called Agent Cross, and the game followed him on a government-sanctioned investigation, rather than acting as a rogue on the run from the law. Cross possessed the same instinctual abilities of Thomas, but he could actually use various magical spells. For example, he could pull a gun from an enemy's hands or break obstacles without touching them. The forensic tools used by Cross also differed, as the detection and collection tools were one individual item – the UV light, for instance, could illuminate clues and then be used to physically take samples.

Reception
Condemned: Criminal Origins received "generally favorable reviews", with the Xbox 360 version holding a score of 81 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 72 reviews, and the PC version holding a score of 79 out of 100, based on 24 reviews.

GameSpy's Will Tuttle scored the Xbox 360 version 4-and-a-half out of 5, praising the "highly atmospheric, downright disturbing environments" and the "brutally visceral combat." Calling the graphics "jaw-droppingly detailed", he also felt the game had "some of the best sound design ever to grace a video game." On the other hand, he was critical of the implementation of the forensic tools. Scott Osborne, also of GameSpy, scored the PC version 4 out of 5, calling it "a startlingly powerful experience." He praised the sound effects for creating "an unparalleled level of visceral violence," and also lauded the atmosphere, lighting, AI, and combat mechanics, although he was critical of the forensic tools.

Game Informer's Jeremy Loss scored the Xbox 360 version 8.8 out of 10. Although he criticized the game's length and plot, he praised it for featuring "some true scares, a fresh approach to its genre, great graphics, and fun gameplay mechanics." IGN's Charles Onyett scored the Xbox 360 version 8.7 out of 10 and the PC version 8.5 out of 10. Praising the sound design ("the game's most frightening aspect"), combat, graphics, animations, and AI, he was critical of the linearity and the use of forensic tools. Calling the game "an unforgettable experience," he praised it as "one of the most immersive and atmospheric games I've ever played."

PC Zone scored the PC version 8.5 out of 10, calling it "brutal, visceral and hard-hitting" and "a masterpiece of nerve-jangling tension." Praising the atmosphere, sound, and AI, their main criticisms were the linearity, length, and convoluted story. Writing for Official Xbox Magazine, Francesca Reyes scored it 8.5 out of 10 and was especially impressed with the AI. She argued that the game illustrated that "next-generation gaming is just as much about gameplay as it is about graphics." The UK edition of Official Xbox Magazine scored it 8 out of 10, praising the "masterful sound" and the "awesome sense of dread." Their main criticism was "a lack of variety in the all-too linear gameplay."

GameSpot's Greg Kasavin scored the Xbox 360 version 8 out of 10 and the PC version 8.1 out of 10, calling it "a visceral, highly atmospheric experience." Although he was critical of the "monotonous gameplay", he did praise the combat mechanics ("it captures hand-to-hand combat with intense, lifelike brutality like no other game before it"). He was also impressed with the AI, animations, and sound. He did, however, feel that "the longer you play, the more you'll wish that there was more substance." Eurogamer's Kristen Reed scored it 7 out of 10, praising the combat mechanics, sound design, and graphics, but finding the gameplay "too simplistic" and criticizing the forensic tools as "giving the player no chance to act as an investigator at any point." He concluded, "in the end, its place in gaming history will go down as merely a pretty good horror adventure."

Edge scored the Xbox 360 version 6 out of 10, calling it "scary, vicious, visually progressive." Computer Gaming World's Jeff Green scored the PC version 6 out of 10, calling it the "best survival horror on the PC". He praised the atmosphere, lighting, sound, and combat ("both visceral and satisfying"), but felt the forensic sections were poorly implemented.

In a 2013 retrospective, Eurogamer's Rick Lane called Condemned "the first and perhaps only game to really get to grips with first-person melee combat." He also wrote, "as a melee fighting game, Condemned is yet to be beaten for both its originality and creating an authentic experience with the limited tools available." In a 2020 retrospective, Collin Henderson of Horror Obsessive called it "a forgotten classic that more people need to check out."

Sales, awards, and accolades
In North America, the game was the fifth best-selling Xbox 360 launch title, selling considerably more units than had been anticipated.

At GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2005 awards, the game won Best Sound Effects and Best Use of Upset Disheveled Men, and was a runner up in both Best Xbox 360 Game and a readers' poll in the same category. At IGN's Best of 2005 awards, it won Best Xbox 360 Action Game, Best Use of Sound, and Best Game No One Played, and was a runner up in Best Artistic Design and Best Story. At the 9th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, it was nominated for both First-Person Action Game of the Year and Outstanding Achievement in Sound Design.

In 2006, IGN ranked it at #10 in their scariest games ever made list. In 2008, they ranked it #1 in their 13 Scariest Games of This Generation. In 2014, they ranked it at #9 in their top ten surivial horror games. In 2015, Game Informer ranked it at #10 in their "Top 25 Horror Games of All Time" list. In 2017, GamesRadar+ ranked it at #12 in their top 20 horror games list. In 2020, Slant Magazine ranked it at #13 in their "25 Best Horror Games of All Time" list. In 2022, Rock Paper Shotgun ranked it at #9 in their best horror games for PC list. Also in 2022, Den of Geek ranked it at #14 in their "30 Scariest Horror Games Ever Made" list.

German ban
In February 2008 all copies of Condemned were confiscated in Germany because of § 131 StGB, which outlaws the dissemination or public display of media "which describe cruel or otherwise inhuman acts of violence against human beings in a manner which expresses a glorification or rendering harmless of such acts of violence or which represents the cruel or inhuman aspects of the event in a manner which injures human dignity". Although it is not illegal to own the game, it is illegal to distribute it.

Prequel
Debuting on the game's official website towards the end of September, and released in weekly instalments, Condemned: The Prequel Story is a six-part episodic flash game set shortly before the main game. It begins with Agent Mallory of the SCU getting called to a homicide; a young man has been found stabbed in a derelict building. As Mallory searches the building, he finds a photograph of a young woman with the caption, "share your happiness with others today". Identifying the location where the photo was taken (a self storage facility), Mallory heads there and sees the girl being abducted on the security footage. Meanwhile, Christopher Vine, a colleague of the murdered man, has been reported missing. At Vine's house, a phone message leads Mallory to an abandoned factory. There, he finds a tape recorder playing on repeat, "I found you. Time is running out. I will kill you." A vagrant then approaches Mallory and says, "he left this for you", giving him a photo of a building. He then learns that the fingerprints on the murdered man's body are those of Vine. Heading to the location depicted in the photo, he finds the body of the missing girl, with a note directing him to another derelict factory. There, Mallory finds Vine's body. Mallory is then attacked by Serial Killer X. He escapes, but SKX pursues him through the building. Eventually, he catches Mallory, and beats him to death with a 2x4.

Expanded universe plans
In October 2005, Warner Bros. announced plans to release a film tied to the then upcoming Condemned: Criminal Origins. The plan was for the film to take place in the same fictional universe as the game, rather than being an adaptation, and ultimately, the Condemned universe would gradually expand across multiple video games and films. This expanded universe was the idea of Jace Hall and Nathan Henderickson. Hall, former Monolith CEO and current vice president of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, said they wanted to "come up with something specifically designed to use multiple mediums to tell stories that had some continuity and connective thread [...] we wanted to create a universe that, like Star Wars, was big enough where different stories could exist". Indeed, as well as the game and film, Hall had mapped out a storyline that would encompass three additional games, culminating in Condemned 4.

With the film named Species X, Kurt Sutter was hired to write the script, with Basil Iwanyk and David S. Goyer on board as executive producers. The story followed a police officer hunting down a serial killer, but along the way, he discovers that the killer may be tied to other still open murder cases. As he discovers he has supernatural abilities, the cop begins to question his own nature, eventually discovering that he has alien origins. Ultimately, he is dragged into a war between two alien races and must reconcile his humanity with his alien DNA.

In August 2007, it was revealed that the film had been renamed Unforgettable and that Tarsem Singh had been hired as director. Nothing more was heard of the project after that and the film was never made, with the only expansion of the game's story being that found in the video game sequel.

Sequel
A direct sequel to Criminal Origins, Condemned 2: Bloodshot was released on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in 2008. Once again developed by Monolith and published by Sega, it expands on the gameplay mechanics of the original game and adds several new features such as environmental kills, a larger assortment of weapons, and combos during combat. It also completely overhauls the use of forensic tools, giving the player much more freedom when investigating.

Future
In a Facebook post in January 2015, Hall (by now the sole owner of the Condemned IP), addressed the fact that he is frequently asked about a Condemned 3. Noting that both of the Condemned games sold well, he said, "I am contemplating finding an interested and proven Indie development team so that they can take over the franchise and move it forward."

The following week, after his post received a very positive response, Hall was interviewed by IGN. Asked if he had approached any developers himself, he said, "I have not approached anyone. I have received some inquiries over the last 24 hours. Ultimately I tell them to just send me a proposal for consideration. I place no limiting parameters on the proposal. My desire is to fully empower an indie developer with all the decision-making authority." If the project were to go ahead, he stated,

"I believe that the best approach to this is to let a passionate developer do what they do best without interference or limitations imposed by me. Once I decide to grant the rights to a team, they are the boss. I plan on making a real commitment to that. I've developed many games in my career and I know how unpleasant it is to have 'the brand' lording over every design/gameplay decision you are making."

He also said that he wouldn't impose any restrictions regarding how funding was raised, or what on platforms the game was to appear. He wouldn't even mandate that it be a full Condemned game;

"I am going to grant a license to use the Condemned franchise in general, and the chosen developer will be able to pick what kind of game they want to make. They can choose their vision of the content. They can build up momentum. Perhaps a prequel. Perhaps a simple mobile phone app for starters. It's all on the table. I'm open to hearing new ideas."

Noting that the Condemned game was originally conceived as part of an expanded universe that was never brought to fruition, he pointed out that all the potential for different mediums is still there; "perhaps it would make sense for a mobile app developer to make one kind of game derived from the Condemned universe, and then an entirely different developer create a console game that is Condemned 3. Perhaps while that is happening, some graphic novel artists want to take the franchise and produce a book. There is room here for all these things/ideas."

title: Condemned: Criminal Origins