text:
Talk:Duala people

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica article
''I just merged some this article, once located at Bakweri, to the Duala peoples article. Much of this is racist or flat-out wrong, however (are we talking about human beings or Ewoks?), so I left much of it out. BrianSmithson 18:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Bakweri, a Bantu nation of German Cameroon, West Africa. According to tradition they are migrants from the eastward. The "Brushmen," for that is the meaning of their name, are grouped in about sixty separate clans. They are a lively intelligent people, brave fighters and daring hunters, and in their love of songs, music and elocution are superior to many negro races. Their domestic affections are strongly developed. Their chief physical peculiarity is the great disparity between the size and complexion of the sexes, most of the women being much shorter and far lighter in colour than the men. The Ba-Kwiri are generous and open-handed among themselves; but the law of blood for blood is mercilessly fulfilled, even in cases of accidental homicide. Their religion is ancestor-worship blended with witchcraft and magic. They believe in good and evil spirits, those of the forests and seas being especially feared. In common with their neighbours the Duala the Ba-Kwiri possess a curious drum language. By drum-tapping news is conveyed from clan to clan. Slaves and women are not allowed to master this language, but all the initiated are bound to repeat it so as to pass the messages on. The Ba-Kwiri have also a horn language peculiar to themselves.

''This article was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. As such, it may not yet be properly adapted to Wikipedia. For example, they seem to be known as "Bakweri" now.''

Refocusing article
To explain the cuts and changes I made to the article: I had originally attempted to make this article about all ethnic groups who speak one of the Duala languages. However, I now realize that this was a mistake. None of my sources lumps them all together, so it is unfair to do so here. There is more than enough information to write long, fully fleshed-out articles about the Duala, Isubu, Bakweri, Mungo, etc. Thus, I've refocused this article to be about the people who, in the previous incarnation of this article, were referred to as the "Duala proper". I will spin the cut material off into articles on the other ethnic groups soon. My apologies, — BrianSmithson 15:59, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Reverts
I've reverted some changes by User:Esimo. The changes added some unsourced images (good images, but ones for which the source and copyright status were not given), added some language that violates the neutral point of view policy (calling the Bamileke "invasive" and Rudolf Duala Manga Bell a "patriot"), removed random mentions of the Limba people and their language (mentions that were backed by sources), and added a link to a blog, which is against our external links policy. I hope Esimo will check out the policy pages I've linked to for further information. — BrianSmithson 22:45, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality
The German colonial period is simply described as bad - without any evidence, while the article advocates the French and British colonial rulers. The sections about the history give a very superficial impression. For example, there is no proof that the majority of the Duala people wanted the British back. As I heard in various media, many Cameroonians want the Germans to come back and rule the country again. In addition to that, many of them see the French colonial period as much worse than the German one. The article seems to be disinforming.--77.4.221.248 (talk) 08:15, 21 December 2011 (UTC)
 * This has been unadressed since 2011. I have now removed all statements marked "citation needed", because clearly nobody has worked on this page for five years. I have not removed the cleanup template, because this in no way eliminates the problem. --dab (𒁳) 09:47, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

Images from the reference section
I removed these two images from the reference section. I can't see where they should be in the article, so I've moved the details here. -- LCU ActivelyDisinterested ∆transmissions∆ °co-ords° 13:27, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duala people


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeppe High School for Boys

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Jeppe High School for Boys
Delete, create article for all the Jeppe schools and merge. Toasthaven2 18:00, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand considerably. --Irishpunktom\talk 18:53, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't indicate notability. Gazpacho 19:47, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's a school. I've categorised it. CalJW 21:26, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep please it is a school and we have been over this how many times already Yuckfoo 21:46, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Their site is well-designed and goes into nice depth, but I don't see any notable alumni listed anywhere (despite the school's existing for over 100 years).  It's pretty much just a local school with little if any non-local impact, and not even worth merging into Gauteng because only universities are included in that article.  "It's a school" is not a reason for keeping it. --Idont Havaname 21:51, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Dunc. I love the "despite the Cabal's best attempts to promote that silly idea" comment. :-) --Idont Havaname 22:02, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Schools aren't inherently notable, despite the Cabal's best attempts to promote that silly idea. However, this one seems to be.  Try Special:whatlinkshere/Jeppe High School for Boys for old boys (unfortunately their page entitled Well known old boys lists none!). Dunc|☺ 21:54, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Dunc, though explicitly not as part of precedent (will there ever be consensus on the schools thing?) Shimgray 22:09, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep for the purpose of ending school VfD debates. Xoloz 04:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Bicycle. For the usual reasons.   —RaD Man (talk) 05:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * TINC, and also Fnord. So there, I voted twice! So sue me. Radiant_ >|< 14:20, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Fortified Keep — the usual reasons. — RJH 15:06, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete boderline notable at best. JamesBurns 03:14, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Just look at that list of alumni. There can be no valid objection on notability grounds, even if such grounds applied to schools. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:44, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. appears notable for its history and alumni Salsb 00:10, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Fish, as above. --Carnildo 04:39, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, the school seems to have contributed to society over the last 100+ years. Vegaswikian 00:10, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Clearly notable school. DS1953 04:19, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Indicates notability in the title. Grace Note 04:27, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I enjoy voting keep on schools, it gives me a warm glow inside. Luckily they are under no real threat any longer. Kappa 23:21, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Last Night in Town

Last Night in Town is the first studio album by the American metalcore band Every Time I Die. After recording a demo, the band signed with the independent label Goodfellow Records in 2000 and released The Burial Plot Bidding War EP. The band signed to Ferret Music in mid-2000 and was planning to record its first album later in the year. After writing was completed in December of that year, the band went on several US tours until March 2001. In March and April, Last Night in Town was recorded with the Killswitch Engage guitarist Adam Dutkiewicz at Zing Studios in Westfield, Massachusetts. Following recording, the band went on tour with Killswitch Engage and Santa Sangre.

Last Night in Town was first released on August 14, 2001. The album received positive reviews with critics praising the band's chaotic sound showcased on the album. It was reissued in June 2004 with new artwork.

It was pressed on vinyl by Suburban Home Records in December 2006 as part of a box with Hot Damn! (2003) and Gutter Phenomenon (2005).

Background
Every Time I Die was formed in 1998 by two brothers, the vocalist Keith Buckley and the guitarist Jordan Buckley. They brought in the guitarist Andy Williams and the drummer Michael "Ratboy" Novack. With a session musician on bass guitar, the band recorded a demo. With John McCarthy on bass guitar, the band toured across North America. With Aaron Ratajczak on bass guitar, the band signed with the independent label Goodfellow Records and released the EP The Burial Plot Bidding War in 2000. The band subsequently toured heavily across the east coast and Midwest. On July 10, it was announced that the band had signed with Ferret Music and would record its first album at the end of the summer or early fall, aiming for its release in the fall.

Two days later, the band revealed that the album would be titled Last Night in Town. On December 5, the band was planning to record Last Night in Town in February 2001, aiming for its release in the spring. On December 22, it was announced that the band had finished writing for Last Night in Town and that recording would take place in either February or March 2001. In December 2000 and January 2001, the band toured with Eighteen Visions. Following this, the band went on tour with Killswitch Engage. From early to mid-March, the band went on a short US tour with Premonitions of War.

Production and composition
On March 21, the band began recording Last Night in Town with the producer Adam Dutkiewicz of Killswitch Engage. Recording took place at Zing Studios in Westfield, Massachusetts. On April 12, it was announced that recording was finished. On April 21 and 22, the group returned to the studio to mix the album.

Buckley said the album was "a chronological order of riffs that we wrote". Chris Gramlich of Exclaim! said the album was "conceptually darker" than The Burial Plot Bidding War, and said it was "lyrically and artistically, laced with black-humour, technical excursions, metallic breaks, [and] intertwining and eclectic guitar work". Jason D. Taylor of AllMusic says the album showcases the band "careening from metalcore crunch to exhausting screamo and even meandering into slightly emotional melodic singing" to the likes of Glassjaw. Mustapha Mond of Lambgoat said the album had a "darker, sludgier metal sound."

Release
In July and August, the band toured with Killswitch Engage and Santa Sangre. After being planned for release in July, Last Night in Town was released on August 14 through Ferret Music. Chris Gramlich of Exclaim! called the artwork "striking" and it said it showed the band "decked out Reservoir Dogs-style, beating the tar out of some poor jerk". Buckley said it was "really dark, [and] really sarcastic". A music video was released for "The Logic of Crocodiles", which featured the wrestler Matt Cross.

Reception and aftermath
The AllMusic reviewer Jason D. Taylor called the album "a cathartic, chaotic release", and continued, "The listener will go from being stunned to outright jaw-dropping incredulity." He said that the record was very comparable to Drowningman in the regard that both bands are able to "flawlessly twist your mind into a pretzel and then straighten it back out with the occasional melody". Taylor concluded his review by saying that the "reluctance to remove the album from your stereo is surely proof enough that this is one of the most potentially amazing bands inhabiting the metalcore scene". Mustapha Mond of Lambgoat said the album was "as peppy as tough, crazy hardcore can get. And on top of the boots-rocking beat, ETID layers breakdown after breakdown". He said it "keeps up the rocking for ten powerful tracks, and manages to put enough artistry into them that any one, listened to alone, will knock your socks off". In a review for Punknews, Brian Shultz said the album brought "the terms "rhetoric" and "caustic" each to a whole new level. He noted that the band "stray from choruses like they were acting out magnetism laws" and praised Buckley's "penetrating screams and joyously wild yells". He mentioned that the guitars "flip-flop between frenetic riffing and hyperactive decrescendos. ... it's metalcore that does not let the fuck up".

Last Night in Town was re-released on June 21, 2004, with new artwork. The album was reissued on vinyl as part of a box set along with Hot Damn! (2003) and Gutter Phenomenon (2005). The box set was released on December 12, 2006, by the independent label Suburban Home Records.

In 2010, Buckley said he re-listened to the album and said, "It's hard to play, I don't know how I even wrote some of that stuff." In 2013, he said the album was "just 50 riffs and none of them repeat and it's almost like, what were we thinking?".

Jim Smallman of TeamRock ranked Last Night in Town as his least favorite Every Time I Die album, calling it "A fine debut, but the band were to head on to better things."

Personnel

 * Jordan Buckley – guitar
 * Keith Buckley – vocals
 * Andrew Williams – guitar
 * Michael "Ratboy" Novak Jr. – drums
 * Aaron Ratajczak – bass guitar, piano on "Nothing Dreadful Ever Happens"
 * Howard Jones – backing vocals on "Punch-Drunk Punk Rock Romance"
 * Alan Walke - cover photography

title: Last Night in Town


text: Category:Iranian musical groups

title: Category:Iranian musical groups


text:
Talk:WWE Confidential

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"Montreal Screwjob (WWE Confidential)" listed at Redirects for discussion
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title: Talk:WWE Confidential


text:
Plain meaning rule

The plain meaning rule, also known as the literal rule, is one of three rules of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. The other two are the "mischief rule" and the "golden rule".

The plain meaning rule dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statute. In other words, a statute is to be read word for word and is to be interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the language, unless a statute explicitly defines some of its terms otherwise or unless the result would be cruel or absurd. Ordinary words are given their ordinary meaning, technical terms are given their technical meaning, and local, cultural terms are recognized as applicable. The plain meaning rule is the mechanism that prevents courts from taking sides in legislative or political issues. Additionally, it is the mechanism that underlies textualism and, to a certain extent, originalism.

Meaning
To avoid ambiguity, legislatures often include "definitions" sections within a statute, which explicitly define the most important terms used in that statute. But some statutes omit a definitions section entirely, or (more commonly) fail to define a particular term. The plain meaning rule attempts to guide courts faced with litigation that turns on the meaning of a term not defined by the statute, or on that of a word found within a definition itself.

According to the plain meaning rule, absent a contrary definition within the statute, words must be given their plain, ordinary and literal meaning. If the words are clear, they must be applied, even though the intention of the legislator may have been different or the result is harsh or undesirable. The literal rule is what the law says instead of what the law was intended to say.

Larry Solum, Professor of Law at Georgetown University, expands on this premise: "Some laws are meant for all citizens (e.g., criminal statutes) and some are meant only for specialists (e.g., some sections of the tax code). A text that means one thing in a legal context, might mean something else if it were in a technical manual or a novel. So the plain meaning of a legal text is something like the meaning that would be understood by competent speakers of the natural language in which the text was written who are within the intended readership of the text and who understand that the text is a legal text of a certain type."

Soft plain meaning rule
Justices normally impose an absurdity limit on this rule, which states that a statute cannot be interpreted literally if it would lead to an absurd result. In the US Supreme Court Chung Fook v. White (1924) marked the beginning of the looser American Rule that the intent of the law was more important than its text.

This is sometimes termed the soft plain meaning rule, where the statute is interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the language, unless the result would be cruel or absurd. For example, see Rector, Holy Trinity Church v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1892). Even the most vocal supporters of textualism and the plain meaning rule have been willing to commute "strict" plain meaning to "soft" plain meaning to a certain extent, in some circumstances; see, e.g. United States v. X-Citement Video, 513 U.S. 64 (1994) (Scalia, J., dissenting): "I have been willing, in the case of civil statutes, to acknowledge a doctrine of "scrivener's error" that permits a court to give an unusual (though not unheard-of) meaning to a word which, if given its normal meaning, would produce an absurd and arguably unconstitutional result."

In the United Kingdom, this is referred to as the golden rule.

Reasons favoured
Proponents of the plain meaning rule claim that it prevents courts from taking sides in legislative or political issues. They also point out that ordinary people and lawyers do not have extensive access to secondary sources.

In probate law, the rule is also favored because the testator is typically not around to indicate what interpretation of a will is appropriate. Therefore, it is argued, extrinsic evidence should not be allowed to vary the words used by the testator or their meaning. It can help to provide for consistency in interpretation.

Criticism
This is the oldest of the rules of construction and is still used today, primarily because judges may not legislate. As there is always the danger that a particular interpretation may be the equivalent of making law, some judges prefer to adhere to the law's literal wording.

Opponents of the plain meaning rule claim that the rule rests on the erroneous assumption that words have a fixed meaning. In fact, words are imprecise, leading justices to impose their own prejudices to determine the meaning of a statute.

Doctrine of absurdity
In law, strictly literal interpretations of statutes can lead to seemingly absurd results. The doctrine of absurdity holds that commonsense interpretations should be preferred in such cases, rather than literal readings. Under the absurdity doctrine, American courts have interpreted statutes contrary to their plain meaning in order to avoid absurd legal conclusions. It is contrasted with literalism.

"The common sense of man approves the judgment mentioned by Pufendorf [sic. Puffendorf], that the Bolognian law which enacted "that whoever drew blood in the streets should be punished with the utmost severity", did not extend to the surgeon who opened the vein of a person that fell down in the street in a fit. The same common sense accepts the ruling, cited by Plowden, that the statute of [1st] Edward II, which enacts that a prisoner who breaks prison shall be guilty of a felony, does not extend to a prisoner who breaks out when the prison is on fire – "for he is not to be hanged because he would not stay to be burnt"."

English law history
An explanation of the rule was given in the Sussex Peerage Case (1844; 11 Cl&Fin 85). "The only rule for construction of Acts of Parliament is that they should be construed according to the intent of the Parliament which passed the Act. If the words of the Statute are in themselves precise and unambiguous, then no more can be necessary than to expound those words in that natural and ordinary sense. The words themselves alone do, in such a case, best declare the intention of the law giver."

However, use of the literal rule may defeat the intention of Parliament. For instance, in the case of Whiteley v. Chappel, the court came to the reluctant conclusion that Whiteley could not be convicted of impersonating "any person entitled to vote" at an election, because the person he impersonated was dead. Using a literal construction of the relevant statutory provision, the deceased was not "a person entitled to vote".

This, surely, cannot have been the intention of Parliament. However, the literal rule does not take into account the consequences of a literal interpretation, only whether words have a clear meaning that makes sense within that context. If Parliament does not like the literal interpretation, then it must amend the legislation.

Other uses
The "plain meaning rule" has sometimes been applied to the interpretation of contracts, particularly in conjunction with the parol evidence rule. Such a use is controversial.

title: Plain meaning rule


text:
Talk:Ai Otsuka

Issues
"Frienger" is indeed a combination of "Friend" and "Ranger". Watch "Frienger" PV or interviews if you have doubts. --eyn 10:36, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

I thought Frienger was supposed to be a mix of "Friend" and "Stranger," not Ranger.

 * Trust me. It's friend + ranger. If you have ANY doubt, watch the video. You'll see sentai costumery galore. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.67.93.133 (talk) 04:14, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Smily
I have deleted the section claiming that Ai plagiarized "Smily" until somebody can cite a credible source for the info, because I can't find any references at all, even on Japanese Wikipedia. See this thread on Ai's fan site for more.

Sakuranbo
it says her single 'sakuranbo' was on the charts for 101 weeks (2.5 years). that isn't even 2 years, which would be 104 weeks.

YouTube links
This article is one of thousands on Wikipedia that have a link to YouTube in it. Based on the External links policy, most of these should probably be removed. I'm putting this message here, on this talk page, to request the regular editors take a look at the link and make sure it doesn't violate policy. In short: 1. 99% of the time YouTube should not be used as a source. 2. We must not link to material that violates someones copyright. If you are not sure if the link on this article should be removed, feel free to ask me on my talk page and I'll review it personally. Thanks. ---J.S (t|c) 07:36, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

New Concert DVD
Probably should be added to the article. YesAsia listing 69.12.130.233 01:20, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Splitting into Eras
Ayumi Hamasaki, Namie Amuro , Utada Hikaru , and Koda Kumi all have their biography split up into detailed Era's. I think this should definitly be started, and I will start to make one for the Ai am Best Era. unless someone objects .... (Impracticable 14:25, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

It should be split like ...

=== LOVE PUNCH Era === === LOVE JAM Era === === LOVE COOK Era === === Ai am BEST Era ===

Unfortunately you can't do that until you have enough information on each of those. Namie and Ayu's articles are quite long. Ai's is short. ― Sturr ★彡 Refill/lol 01:41, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

I think that's a good idea, as long as you have the correct information. X2RADialbomber 10:07, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * So far we got 2006-present to split into 2 eras "Ai am BEST era" and "Love era" but we need more infomation to complete the rest. — ■ ~∀SÐFﾑｻ~ ■ =]  Babashi? antenna? 08:55, 13 April 2007 (UTC)
 * OK I was able to complete the rest of the eras but, there a lot of mistakes and grammars in the article there might be even some POV in it too hope you guys can fix it up. — ■ ~∀SÐFﾑｻ~ ■ =]  Babashi? antenna? 23:39, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I noticed that this morning... Good work! I'll try to go over the article thorougly, but it seems you have done a great job already. X2  RADialbomber  06:05, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Love Song
I have an album, labeled "Love Song". I know it is official, but I can't seem to find it anywhere, not even on the offical site. Can anyone help me with info on this? I know it is a real, because I have a copy of it and has songs that aren't on any other albums. 216.49.220.3 Talk 18:40, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid that your CD is either a bootleg or you're just mistaken and it's another artist's album. Davedim  talk  00:16, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

219.57.8.15 vandalism
It seem this person try to vandalize Ai Otsuka all over the place that relate to her — ■ ~∀SÐFﾑｻ~ ■ =]  Babashi? antenna? 21:37, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

 * probably pissed off that we keep undoing his "contributions". anyone know how to get an IP banned? Brettr 03:15, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure only admins can temp IP ban and that's only if the IP is vandalizing a LOT. I think it's impossible to permanentally IP ban though...206.131.39.53 (talk) 15:41, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

27.109.205.66 vandalism
It seem this person also try to vandalize the Ai Otsuka article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Imashime (talk • contribs) 12:15, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

First Image
Does the image http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/AI_Otsuka_Live_Earth_Concert.jpg have to neccesarily be the first image? 206.131.39.53 (talk) 15:42, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, because it is a free image, and according to No free equivalent criteria, they are always preferred. -- ReyBrujo (talk) 15:49, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well why can't another picture in the article be moved to the top? Eugeniu B (talk) 17:02, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Because the infobox has the first image, and you can't put an image that is not free there. In fact, since we have a free image, there should not be any image of Ai Osuka at all, with one is enough. -- ReyBrujo (talk) 20:54, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Right. We should ignore the truth that this artist isn't losing a penny by us putting images of her (some of which may be uploaded under fair use) and proceed to take down all of her images and all of the images under fair use that exist on Wikipedia.Eugeniu B (talk) 01:45, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Copyright Notice
The copyright notice for the Music career section of her article has been on for months now. And since then, the article has been trimmed down to only two images, not including her free infobox image, so I think it's safe to say that it should be removed now... Eugeniu B (talk) 21:44, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

@i chin External Link
I would also like to point out that @i chin is not Ai Otsuka's Thai fansite, but a blog where the administrator uploads through the blog and encourages users to upload pirated content of Ai Otsuka's works through the small forums. Eugeniu B (talk) 21:52, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

Singles
In singles such as "Ren'ai Shashin", there is a section listing live performances. Is this really needed? I don't think anyone really cares, and it makes it even more apparent the lack of sources within almost all of the singles. Half of the singles use Ai Otsuka's website as the sole source, or redirect to the Oricon home page - violating Verifiability.Cooldra01 (talk) 13:21, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ai Otsuka


text:
User talk:TJ Norris

TJ Norris (b. 1965, Boston) Pacific Northwest multimedia artist.

See: http://www.tjnorris.net

title: User talk:TJ Norris


text:
Talk:Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals

I removed the category Category:Companies traded on NYSE. B.I. is no stock corporation. --Momo-DE 18:02, July 21, 2005 (UTC)


text:
1990 Tour de France

The 1990 Tour de France was the 77th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 30 June and 22 July 1990. The 3,403.8 km race consisted of 21 stages and a prologue. American Greg LeMond repeated his 1989 victory in the general classification, ahead of Claudio Chiappucci  and Erik Breukink  in second and third place respectively.

The Tour started with a prologue time trial at the Futuroscope theme park, won by Thierry Marie. On the first stage, a four-rider group escaped and gained more than ten minutes on the rest of the field. Steve Bauer became the new leader of the race, but faltered in the Alps as Ronan Pensec, also from the escape group, took over the race lead. Two days later, during a mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans, the lead passed to Claudio Chiappucci, who had been in the same group as well. Chiappucci fought to hang on to his advantage over defending champion LeMond, but was overtaken in the final time trial on the penultimate stage. It was LeMond's third Tour victory, a feat he achieved without winning an individual stage.

The points classification was won by Olaf Ludwig, while the mountains classification was won by Thierry Claveyrolat. Gilles Delion was the best young rider, while Eduardo Chozas  was awarded the super-combativity prize. , the team of race winner LeMond, won the team classification.

The 1990 race was the first edition in which riders from Eastern Bloc nations participated. Ludwig became the first rider from East Germany and Dimitri Konyshev was the first Soviet rider to win a stage at the Tour.

Teams
The 1990 Tour had a starting field of 22 teams of 9 cyclists. Of those 22, 16 teams qualified based on the FICP team rankings, while six teams were given wildcards. Notable teams who failed to qualify and were not invited were BH–Amaya Seguros and Café de Colombia with Luis Herrera, a double former winner of the mountains classification.

The largest numbers of riders from a nation came from France (35), with the next largest coming from Belgium (27), Spain (25), Italy (22), Netherlands (19), Colombia (14) and Switzerland (13). For the first time, riders from the Eastern Bloc competed in the Tour, ten in total, enabled by the changing political climate brought about by the revolutions in the Eastern Bloc countries. While several riders from Warsaw Pact nations had transferred to established Western teams, the team was made up of exclusively Soviet cyclists. Three more teams included cyclists of a single nationality: (Belgian),  (Colombian), and  (Italian).

Of the 198 cyclists starting the race, 58 were riding the Tour de France for the first time. The average age of riders in the race was 27.77 years, ranging from the 21-year-old Antonio Miguel Díaz to the 35-year-old Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle. The cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on  had the oldest. The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place at the lakeside arena at Futuroscope theme park, 10 km north of the city of Poitiers, west-central France, which later hosted the prologue stage.

The teams entering the race were:

Qualified teams

Invited teams

Pre-race favourites
In the lead up to the Tour, the main contenders for the general classification were Greg LeMond, Laurent Fignon , Pedro Delgado , and Stephen Roche. All four were former Tour winners. They were the preeminent stage race specialists, with each one focusing their season around the Tour.

The leading favourite was two-time Tour winner LeMond, who returned to defend his title. After winning the Tour in 1989 and the World Championship road race, LeMond had not taken another victory. He had finished Paris–Nice more than eight minutes behind the winner and struggled at the Giro d'Italia, where he placed 105th. He was considered overweight due to lack of training and had been suffering from mononucleosis. Encouraging signs came during the Tour de Suisse, just weeks before the start of the Tour de France, where he finished tenth. LeMond did not consider himself a favourite for victory going into the race, but declared that he would be disappointed should he not finish on the podium. For the first time at a Tour, LeMond had the support of his whole team, including Robert Millar, who had won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and placed second at the Tour de Suisse just prior to the start of the Tour.

The sport newspaper L'Équipe was expecting a close battle between LeMond and Fignon, who had finished in second place in 1989, only eight seconds behind LeMond. Fignon had previously won the Tour in 1983 and 1984. A crash on stage 5 of the Giro had forced Fignon to abandon the race he had won in 1989. He returned to racing at the Route du Sud and later competed in the Tour de Luxembourg as preparation for the Tour de France and had apparently overcome his injuries. Writing in his autobiography, Fignon later admitted that his crashes and poor results earlier in the season had left him "a tired man, physically and mentally" and that he entered the Tour with "few illusions about what was coming". Fignon's squad was not seen as the strongest, but they were dedicated to him and managed by Cyrille Guimard, who had led multiple riders to Tour victories.

Delgado, the winner of the 1988 Tour, was in good form after placing second at the Vuelta a España earlier in the year. He was part of the strong team, with Miguel Induráin to help him in the mountains. Roche, winner of the 1987 edition, was on the start line, but still troubled by recurring knee pain. His best result of the season had been a second place behind Induráin at Paris–Nice.

Erik Breukink was among several other riders named as favourites. Sean Kelly, was the record winner of the points classification and appeared in good form, having just won the Tour de Suisse, but was thought to be working for Breukink. Spanish newspaper El País considered Delgado to be the top favourite, but also named Fignon, LeMond, and Gianni Bugno, who had won the Giro earlier that year, as potential winners. Mundo Deportivo also named Charly Mottet among the favourites. His best result that season had been a second place behind Bugno at the Giro. Also on the start line was Marco Giovannetti, winner of the Vuelta and third at the Giro. According to cycling journalist Geoffrey Nicholson, his ability to perform in another three-week Grand Tour was doubted from the start, and it was agreed that he only participated to ensure a wildcard entry for his team, Seur.

Gert-Jan Theunisse, fourth the previous year and winner of the mountains classification, did not start due to two positive doping tests earlier in the season.

Route and stages
The 1990 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had two rest days. The race had its Grand Départ (opening stages) in and around the Futuroscope theme park, whose owners paid around $1 million for the right to host the beginning of the race. After two stages, both held on the same day, also at Futuroscope, the Tour took a clockwise route around France. The race traveled north towards the English Channel and then east to Rouen. A plane transfer on the first rest day brought the field to Sarrebourg on the border to Germany before the race turned south towards the Alps. On the second rest day, the Tour remained in Villard-de-Lans. The race then turned south-west to the Pyrenees before turning north again towards Paris, ending with the ceremonial Champs-Élysées stage.

Stage 5 from Avranches to Rouen was the longest at 301 km., this is the last time that a Tour de France stage exceeded 300 km. The shortest road stage was the tenth, from Geneva to Saint-Gervais, at 118.5 km. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 16. It was among five hors catégorie (beyond category) rated climbs in the race.

Grand Départ at Futuroscope
The prologue at Futuroscope was won by Thierry Marie, a specialist in the discipline, who had also taken the first yellow jersey in 1986. He recorded a time of 7:49 minutes, four seconds faster than LeMond and Raúl Alcalá in second and third respectively. Fignon finished in 15th place, 19 seconds slower than Marie, with Delgado in 26th place losing a further five seconds.

The first and the second stage were run on the same day, the second stage in the team time trial format. After just 6 km of the first stage, Claudio Chiappucci broke away from the field. He had won the mountain classifications at both Paris–Nice and the Giro d'Italia that year and aimed at getting the jersey early on in the Tour as well. He was joined in his breakaway by Steve Bauer, Ronan Pensec , and Frans Maassen. With the team time trial looming in the afternoon, the field allowed the break to draw out an advantage. Additionally, a blockade by sheep farmers delayed the peloton, the main field, and caused several crashes, including one involving Delgado. Chiappucci took the points at the mountain sprints, ensuring that he would wear the polka-dot jersey for the next stage. 10 km from the finish, the lead was still at 13 minutes. As Maassen took the stage victory ahead of Pensec, the four-man group still retained an advantage of 10:35 minutes over the rest of the field. Bauer took the lead in the general classification, having posted the fastest time in the prologue. Later in the day the team time trial was won by the team. Seven seconds slower, finished in second place. Fignon's Castorama squad finished fifth, 33 seconds slower than Panasonic, but 20 seconds faster than LeMond's Z team, who were seventh. In between them were 7-Eleven with yellow-jersey wearer Bauer, who retained his overall lead.

North-west
Stage 3 began with an early attack by Stephen Roche, who was followed by LeMond. This prompted the teams of Bauer and Delgado to give chase, and the field was back together after 10 km. At 23 km, Fignon punctured a tyre, but he was able to rejoin shortly after. After 92 km the race was interrupted by another protest from sheep farmers, who had four fallen trees ready to block the road. The organisers received news of the blockade early and used a local youth on a motorcycle to lead the field through backstreets around the protest. The stage distance therefore increased by 5 km, with a total of 25 km of the race neutralised. With 35 km of the stage remaining, Roque de la Cruz became the first rider to abandon the Tour, following a crash which also brought down Fignon, who again had to chase in order to regain contact with the main group. At this point, Moreno Argentin had already attacked and was building an advantage on the rest of the field. He also crashed, but was able to remount and continued to win the stage by 2:29 minutes. In the peloton, Christophe Lavainne won the sprint and raised in arms in celebration, unaware that Argentin had already finished. Through obtaining bonuses at intermediate sprints, Olaf Ludwig took the lead in the points classification.

Stage 4 saw Gilles Delion attack while Gérard Rué  was greeting his family in his home town. Delion was caught by Edwig Van Hooydonck, but both were quickly brought back by the Panasonic team, who were working for Ludwig to win the stage. Next, Søren Lilholt attacked and was later joined by Kurt Steinmann  and William Pulido. The escapees enjoyed a maximum advantage of 45 seconds, but were caught with 14 km to go. 3 km later, the peloton passed through the narrow streets of Villechèrel, causing a crash and the field to split. Bugno, Delgado, and Fignon were caught out behind the incident. While Delgado and Bugno lost 21 seconds in the end, Fignon lost 44 seconds to his rivals in the general classification. At the finish, which for the first time was at Mont Saint-Michel, Ludwig opened his sprint too early, allowing Johan Museeuw, who won the stage, and Guido Bontempi to pass him. Robert Millar was caught up in a crash, losing nine minutes, effectively ruling him out from competing in the general classification.

Stage 5, by far the longest at 301 km, was run in wet weather. As the peloton sped up to catch an early breakaway, Fignon drifted backwards and ultimately abandoned the Tour at the first feeding station. After the breakaway was caught, Gerrit Solleveld attacked and stayed away, winning the stage 4:27 minutes ahead of Museeuw, who won the sprint of the field. Argentin, still bruised from his fall on stage 3 and another on stage 5, abandoned after the rest day.

North-east and Jura
During stage 6, Chiappucci sustained two punctured tyres, both times at the start of the two ascents of the day. This meant that he was unable to defend his lead in the mountain classification, and the polka-dot jersey went to Dimitri Konyshev, who became the first Soviet rider to wear a leader's jersey at the Tour de France. Bugno attacked shortly behind the feed zone, leading to a number of reactions from the field, but after 173 km, the peloton was back together. A small group, containing Museeuw and Viatcheslav Ekimov, among others, leapt away 3 km from the finish. Jelle Nijdam accelerated from this group with 300 m to go and won the stage, ahead of Jesper Skibby  and Museeuw.

Stage 7's individual time trial was run in changing conditions. While the early starters competed in the dry, the later riders rode on wet roads. Miguel Induráin set an early fast time and held the lead for most of the day. Greg LeMond started fast, but faded later on to eventually finish fifth. Alcalá, also a late starter, was the fastest rider, 1:24 ahead of Induráin's time. Bugno was third, ahead of Delgado. Of the riders from the stage-1 breakaway, Pensec was fastest, in seventh place. He remained second overall however, 17 seconds behind Bauer, who finished the time trial in 14th place, one place ahead of Chiappucci. Stephen Roche lost 3 minutes in the last 3 km alone, suffering from hyperglycemia. Likewise, Charly Mottet lost significant time, finishing 3½ minutes behind Alcalá. Alcalá moved into fifth place overall, still more than seven minutes behind Bauer.

Early during stage 8, a four-man breakaway went ahead, but was quickly caught. The speed of the peloton saw Álvaro Pino, winner of the 1986 Vuelta a España, abandon the race. Michel Vermote then attacked after 33 km on a section of cobbled road. His maximum lead was over 11 minutes, but after about 120 km on his own, he was brought back by the main field. In the final 10 km, a group of 13 riders escaped, including Ludwig and Museeuw. Ludwig judged his sprint well this time and beat Museeuw for the win. It was the first stage victory by a rider from East Germany and from the Eastern Bloc in the Tour de France.

Stage 9 headed into Switzerland and was the last day that featured rain, before temperatures began to rise significantly. An escape group went clear after 74 km, which included Frans Maassen, who was still in fourth place overall. This prompted Bauer's team to chase, bringing the group back after 44 km. At the Côte des Rousses, the first second-category climb of the Tour, Massimo Ghirotto  and Eduardo Chozas  were out in front alone. On the same climb, Jean-François Bernard, third in the 1987 Tour, fell behind and out of contention. The two escapees held on to their advantage into the finish town of Geneva, where Ghirotto edged out Chozas in the sprint.

Alps
Stage 10 was the first real test in the mountains, with a summit finish at the Saint Gervais-les-Baines ski resort on Mont Blanc. On the first climb of the day, the Col de la Colombière, Omar Hernández attacked, followed by Thierry Claveyrolat. As Hernández slowed, Claveyrolat overtook him and continued on alone, riding the rest of the stage on his own to take victory. He also took the lead in the mountains classification, which he would retain for the rest of the Tour. Behind him, Delgado attacked on the final climb with 6 km remaining, putting Bauer into difficulty. Pensec, who celebrated his 27th birthday, stayed with the other favourites and took over the yellow jersey. He led Chiappucci by 50 seconds, while Bauer fell back to third, 1:21 minutes adrift. Among the pre-race favourites, LeMond lost 19 seconds to Delgado, but finished with Bugno, Induráin, Alcalá, and Breukink. Bugno received a 20-second penalty for accepting food late in the stage, when it was no longer allowed.

On stage 11, the course ended with the final ascent to Alpe d'Huez, considered one of the most iconic climbs in cycling. Two mountains had to be crossed beforehand: the Col de la Madeleine and the Col du Glandon. Claveyrolat attacked again, early on during the ascent of the Madeleine, and gathered the mountain points at the summit. Mottet started to drop behind the group of favourites on the Madeleine, while Bernard retired. On the descent, Induráin got away but was overtaken by Claveyrolat on the climb of the Glandon. In between the climbs, at the feed zone, LeMond was involved in a crash, but able to carry on. On the Glandon, Delgado accelerated and only LeMond and Bugno were able to follow. Together they caught Induráin, who set the pace in the group through the ensuing valley and ensured that they reached Claveyrolat by the foot of the final climb. Shortly after the group began the ascent, Delgado attacked, with LeMond and Bugno following. As the pace slowed, Claveyrolat, Parra, and Breukink managed to catch back up. 3 km from the finish, Delgado lost contact with Bugno, who accelerated and took LeMond, Breukink, Claveyrolat, and Parra with him. It were Bugno and LeMond who were fastest along the finishing straight, with Bugno coming out on top to win the stage. Breukink finished third, one second behind LeMond in second place. Meanwhile, Millar paced Pensec up the climb, who finished 48 seconds behind Bugno and retained the race lead. Delgado lost forty seconds, while Induráin, exhausted by his work on the flat, lost 12 minutes on Alpe d'Huez, falling from contention. Chiappucci finished 1:48 minutes behind Bugno. This left Pensec first overall, 1:28 minutes ahead of Chiappucci, with LeMond up to third, but still 9:04 minutes behind his teammate. Alcalá had lost 5:41 minutes on Bugno, and therefore dropped to eighth place overall.

Pensec lost the yellow jersey the following day, at stage 12's mountain time trial to Villard-de-Lans. He finished almost three minutes slower than Chiappucci, who took the overall lead, now 1:17 minutes ahead of Pensec. The winner of the stage was Breukink, with Delgado in second place, thirty seconds slower. Delgado performed well despite problems with his rear wheel which forced him to change bikes within the last kilometre. Induráin produced another good performance, finishing third at 43 seconds. LeMond suffered during the second half of the climb and finished fifth, dropping to fourth in the general classification behind Breukink. Breukink was 6:55 minutes behind new leader Chiappucci, with LeMond a further 32 seconds adrift. In fifth place followed Delgado, now 9:02 minutes in arrears.

Massif Central transition
Stage 13 to Saint-Étienne took place on Bastille Day, the French national holiday. Phil Anderson led down the descent from Villard-de-Lans, followed by Mottet, which prompted a reaction by the main field and both riders were brought back after 33 km. Several attempts to form lasting breakaways followed, but it took until the climb of the Côte d'Ardoix at 33 km for a 30-rider group to get away, including Pensec and Claveyrolat. Chiappucci, without the help of strong teammates, had to lead the chase himself, bringing back the breakaway 45 km from the finish. Just as the contact was made, a group of ten riders attacked, among them LeMond, Breukink, Induráin, and Andrew Hampsten. At the foot of the last climb of the day, the Col de la Croix de Chaubouret, Delgado led a counter-attack with Bugno and Marino Lejarreta. Although Induráin dropped back to aid Delgado's chase, the LeMond group maintained an advantage of thirty seconds until the finish. Here, Chozas won the sprint from Breukink and Hampsten. A group containing Alcalá, Roche, and Parra lost 3:09 minutes. Chiappucci came in with the peloton, losing 4:53 minutes. Pensec dropped from second to fourth in the general classification, arriving 7:47 minutes after Chozas. Chiappucci now led the race by 2:02 minutes over Breukink, with LeMond third at 2:34.

During the early part of stage 14, Jean-Claude Colotti was highly active. He joined an attack by teammate Claveyrolet at 8 km, before setting off on his own after a further unsuccessful attempt to form a breakaway. After 91 km, 17 more riders caught up to him. Jean-Claude Bagot then attacked from the lead group with 20 km left to ride, but he was caught by the peloton on the final ascent to Causse Noir near Millau. Lejarreta accelerated from the group of favourites with 3 km to go, and was followed by Induráin and Bugno. At the finish, Lejarreta took victory, but did not raise his arms in celebration, thinking someone had finished ahead of him. 24 seconds later followed Induráin and Bugno. LeMond and Breukink finished together, another ten seconds behind. Chiappucci could only finish 13th, losing 13 seconds to LeMond and Breukink, whom he now led by 1:49 minutes in the general classification. Lejarreta moved up to seventh place overall.

Stage 15 was a transition stage, the last before the Pyrenees, and featured only smaller climbs. Adri van der Poel launched an attack that resulted in an eleven-rider strong breakaway. This group was almost caught after 50 km of racing, but while three riders dropped back into the peloton, eight remained in front and were later joined by several others, who bridged across, including Roche, Mottet, Claveyrolet, and Chozas. The now 19-rider strong group increased their advantage to up to eight minutes, which would have moved Chozas up to fourth place overall. Therefore, the main field began to cut into their advantage, led by, , and. Eventually, Mottet attacked from the lead group and held on to the finish, winning the stage by 2:02 minutes ahead of Giuseppe Calcaterra. When the peloton reached the finish, a split occurred in the field, which gained Chiappucci three seconds on his rivals in the general classification.

Pyrenees
In very hot weather, stage 16 saw the last mountain-top finish of the Tour. In the second half of the stage, the summits of the Col d'Aspin, the Col du Tourmalet, and the final ascent to Luz Ardiden had to be climbed. On the early slopes of the Aspin, Chiappucci followed an attack by Jörg Müller and found himself in a lead group, building an advantage on his rivals. At the summit, he led the group across 45 seconds ahead of the main field. As began to chase for LeMond on the approach to the Tourmalet, the gap began to decrease. In the front group, Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres attacked and got away on his own. Behind, in the group of favourites, Breukink experienced a jour sans, a day without energy, and began to fall behind. At the top of the Tourmalet, Chiappucci's lead over LeMond and Delgado was still 1:07 minutes, but in the valley before the final climb, he was caught with 20 km to go.

On the ascent to Luz Ardiden, Chiappucci defiantly set the pace at the front of the group. However, with 6 km left to race, an attack by Parra was too much and while LeMond, Induráin, and Lejarreta followed, Chiappucci fell behind. LeMond moved to the front and set a high pace as Parra was quickly dropped. They then caught the lone leader Martínez Torres with 2.5 km to go. Lejarreta was dropped shortly thereafter. For the duration of the climb LeMond worked at the front setting the pace to increase his time gains essentially winning the Tour on this attack. Induráin overtook him as they approached the summit and coming around the final turn he quickly turned his head around to verify LeMond was not going to challenge him for the stage win and began clapping his hands in celebration as he claimed the victory six seconds ahead of LeMond. Chiappucci eventually lost 2:19 minutes, which reduced his advantage over LeMond, who was now second overall, to just five seconds. Breukink lost 4:16 minutes, dropping to fourth behind Delgado, who finished 1:32 behind teammate Induráin.

The next day's route from Lourdes to Pau was considered easier than the day before, with the two major climbs, the hors categorie Col d'Aubisque and the first-category Col de Marie-Blanque both coming during the first half of the stage. Early on, a 19-man breakaway formed, including riders such as Bauer, Konyshev, Acácio da Silva, Johan Bruyneel , as well as LeMond's teammates Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle and Atle Kvålsvoll. On the Aubisque, Óscar Vargas attacked and reached the summit ahead of the lead group. On the Marie-Blanque, the situation had changed and Delgado's teammate Dominique Arnaud led solo over the top, 10:20 minutes ahead of the peloton. LeMond, already suffering with a saddle sore and swollen feet, got into even more trouble: isolated from his teammates, he punctured a tyre about 800 m from the summit. With the group of favourites, including yellow jersey Chiappucci, leaving him behind, LeMond had to wait 1:20 minutes for his team car to arrive. The new wheel given to him was rubbing on the frame, which meant that LeMond had to dismount again and change bikes. By now, he crossed the top of the Marie-Blanque 1:27 minutes behind Chiappucci. Teammates Éric Boyer and Jérôme Simon joined him, but had problems keeping up with LeMond during the descent, which he took flat out and without braking in order to catch back up. Duclos-Lassalle and Kvålsvoll were ordered by the team to stop and drop back from the lead group to aid LeMond in reaching Chiappucci after 20 km of chasing.

Up ahead, Bruyneel attacked from the lead group and was followed by Konyshev, who got the better of the Belgian in the two-man sprint for the stage victory. It was the first time that a Soviet or Russian rider had won a stage of the Tour de France. LeMond accused Chiappucci of violating the unwritten rules of the sport, where traditionally a leader is not attacked if they have a crash or mechanical difficulties. Indeed, the team had even called back da Silva from the breakaway to assist Chiappucci in extending his advantage.

Final stages
Stage 18 led the Tour to Bordeaux, a finishing town traditionally favouring the sprinters. The field started the day slowly and a real attack did not materialise until Anderson broke away after 139 km. He was soon joined by six other riders, but the break was caught 34 km later. With 20 km to go, a more serious move formed, with 19 riders, which included LeMond, Chiappucci, Breukink, Bugno, and Alcalá. At 10 km remaining, Breukink, Bugno, and the latter's teammate, Roberto Gusmeroli, attacked from the leading group. The other 16 riders fell behind and were soon caught by the main field. At the finish, Gusmeroli led out Bugno, who easily beat Breukink to become the first rider to win two stages at that year's Tour. Breukink meanwhile gained 18 seconds on Delgado and therefore moved into third place overall.

The next day, the peloton equally made a slow start to the stage, with the first real attack coming more than halfway into the race, after 110 km. Fifteen riders broke away from the field, including van der Poel, Pensec, Tony Rominger, and Bontempi. After 153 km, the group had swollen to 24 riders. Bontempi, formerly a very good sprinter, but now considered past his prime, attacked from the breakaway and went solo to the finish, where he won the stage, 1:28 minutes ahead of Dag Otto Lauritzen. During the stage, the Tour circumvented another blockade by sheep farmers, which only managed to hold up the press caravan, but did not influence the race.

The individual time trial on the penultimate day, stage 20, became decisive for the race's outcome. LeMond easily made up the five seconds needed to overcome Chiappucci at the top of the standings. He finished fifth on the day, 2:21 minutes ahead of Chiappucci, who was 17th. Erik Breukink claimed the stage victory, 28 seconds ahead of his teammate Alcalá, with Lejarreta in third, ahead of Induráin. Delgado was eighth fastest, 2:21 behind Breukink, which put him in fourth place overall and left him just short of making the final podium for the fourth year in a row. Through their strong performances, Alcalá and Induráin returned to the top-ten riders in the general classification.

The final stage to Paris was by tradition a ceremonial one, apart for the final section on the Champs-Élysées, when the stage victory is decided. Stephen Hodge tried to break away in Paris, in an attempt to make up the 16 seconds his team trailed  in the team classification, but he was not successful. The stage came down to a sprint, won by Museeuw, ahead of Adriano Baffi and Olaf Ludwig. It was the only time during that year's Tour that a stage finished in a mass sprint. LeMond crossed the finish line safely in the middle of the field, his arms aloft in celebration at his third overall Tour victory. 156 riders out of 198 starters reached the finish in Paris. In last place, the lanterne rouge, was Rodolfo Massi. Four teams managed to reach Paris with all nine riders:, , , and.

LeMond had won the Tour without taking a stage win. Since the end of World War II, only Roger Walkowiak (1956), Gastone Nencini (1960), and Lucien Aimar (1966) had done so. He countered criticism that he had not shown enough fighting spirit by not taking an individual stage win, saying: "If I had worried about individual stage victories, it's possible I would have lost the Tour de France." Particular praise was given after the Tour to Miguel Induráin, who some, such as his biographer Alasdair Fotheringham, speculated could have challenged for the overall victory had he not worked for Delgado, in particular on the stage to Alpe d'Huez, where he lost 12 minutes.

Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were four main classifications in the 1990 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour. Time bonuses were distributed to the first three finishers of each stage that was not a mountain stage or a time trial. The winner received a 20-second time bonus, with 12 seconds for second and eight seconds for third place respectively. These bonuses were reduced to 12, 8, and 4 seconds on stage 1, since two stages were held on the same day. In addition, time bonuses could be won at intermediate sprints during the first half of the race. The first three riders across the line were granted a bonus of 6, 4, and 2 seconds respectively. The points classification was calculated in another way: the first cyclists to finish in a stage received points, based on their rank and the type of stage. Flat stages awarded the winner 35 points, down to one point for 25th place. On medium mountain stages, 25 points were given to the winner, down to one point for 20th place. On a mountainous stage, the first rider across the finish received 20 points, down to one point for 15th place. In time trials, 15 points were given to the winner, down to one point for tenth place. All stages, except time trials, also had one or more intermediate sprints, where some points could be won. All road stages included two intermediate sprints, except for stage 5 with eight sprints. The first three riders across the intermediate sprint line received 6, 4, and 2 points respectively. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey. Olaf Ludwig won the classification with 256 points, 35 points ahead of Museeuw. The intermediate sprints classification, held until the year before, was abandoned for 1990.

Additionally, there was the mountains classification. The organisation ranked climbs by difficulty, with the hardest ascents rated hors catégorie and the easiest as fourth category. Points for this classification were won by the cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first. An hors catégorie climb gave the first rider across 40 points, down to one point for 15th place. First-category mountains awarded 30 points for the first rider, with second-, third-, and fourth-category giving out 20, 10, and 5 points respectively to the first across the summit. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots. Thierry Claveyrolat won the classification with 321 points, while Chiappucci placed second on 179 points.

There was also the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1966 were eligible. Until 1988, the leader of this classification had worn a white jersey, while in 1989, the leader was highlighted by wearing the logo of the European Union on his shoulder. Both were not used in the 1990 Tour. Gilles Delion won the classification, finishing in 15th place on the general classification.

The 1989 Tour had included the combination classification, which was also no longer run. Both the intermediate sprint as well as the combination classification were scrapped to allow for more prize money to be paid out to the other classifications, a move instigated by new race director Jean-Marie Leblanc, who had taken over the position in late 1988. The 1990 Tour was the first run completely under his control.

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps. won the classification, just 16 seconds ahead of.

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered the most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Eduardo Chozas won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 16. This prize was won by Miguel Ángel Martínez Torres.

The Tour de France paid out F10,073,450 as prize money in total, two million of which went to the winner of the general classification (about $363,000 or £200,000 at the time). The prizes were mainly raised by the fees paid by departure and arrival cities along the course of the race. 550,000 francs had to be paid to host both the start and finish of a stage, with 300,000 francs asked for just one of the two. $75,000 each came from the entry fees paid by the teams to compete. Eventually, received the biggest share of prize money, £248,480, ahead of 's £115,830. Last in the list was, who gathered only £2,207. The overall budget of the Tour was around £10,000,000.

Doping and penalties
No rider tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during doping tests at the 1990 Tour. Eric Vanderaerden was expelled from the race on stage 11 for repeatedly holding on to the doors of team cars during the ascent to Alpe d'Huez.

title: 1990 Tour de France


text:
Umbagog Lake

Umbagog Lake is a wilderness lake located in Coös County, New Hampshire, and Oxford County, Maine. It is one of the most pristine lakes in the state of New Hampshire. It lies in the towns of Errol, New Hampshire, and Upton, Maine, as well as the townships of Cambridge, New Hampshire, and Magalloway, Maine. The name Umbagog is properly pronounced with the stress on the second syllable (um-BAY-gog) and is said to come from the Abenaki word for "shallow water". Both "Lake Umbagog" and "Umbagog Lake" are commonly used and accepted when referring to the body of water.

Geography
The lake is part of the Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge and Umbagog Lake State Park. Along its southernmost shore, there is a public campground and a public boat launch ramp which may be accessed from New Hampshire Route 26. There are 33 wilderness campsites, accessible only by boat, which are located around the lake. An interesting feature along its northwest shore is an expansive natural floating island composed of generations of decomposing marshland vegetation. The area is abundant with wildlife, including coyote, wild turkey, bald eagle, osprey, bobcat, moose, rabbit, bear, loons and many other native species.

The lake runs almost 11 mi north to south. Its surface area is 7850 acre, making it the largest lake along the Maine/New Hampshire border. Its average depth is 10 ft, and its maximum depth is 45 ft. The lake's area and depth were markedly increased with the construction of a dam at Errol in the 19th century.

Umbagog Lake is fed by the Magalloway River, the Rapid River, and the Dead Cambridge River. It is the source of the Androscoggin River.

The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, chain pickerel, horned pout, and northern pike.

Notable residents

 * Metallak, Androscoggin elder

title: Umbagog Lake


text:
Talk:Théodore Dubois

Untitled
If anyone is interested, I have a copy of a 1950's STEREO recording of his opera, "The Seven Last Words of Christ". It's a fascinating and underated performance with pipe organ, solos and chorus.

emarkay@email.com

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 08:16, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Dubois and Cesar Franck at Sainte-Clotilde
The Biography first paragraph phrasing that Dubois took over the choirmaster's position in 1871 from César Franck may be somewhat misleading, particularly to those who don't know the French practices of the time for church musicians. It makes it sound as though Dubois succeeded Franck at that time.

In fact, Franck began at S-C in 1858 as choirmaster and choir organist because the church had no primary organ. When the Cavaillé-Coll instrument was installed some months later, Franck became titulaire (and effectively director of music for the parish) with Dubois assuming the (as French practice was then, subordinate) position of choirmaster and assistant organist. After about three years, Dubois went off on his own, to win the Prix de Rome and continue his studies there, eventually to return to Paris and reassume his post in 1871 as Franck's assistant. Franck took on the additional duty of choirmaster during Dubois's absence, but during the entire period continued as titulaire, responsible for all music at S-C.

Would a better way to cover the relation (which is certainly worth noting) be to say something along the lines of (for example): "During much of the time from 1858 until 1877, Dubois served as choirmaster and assistant organist at Sainte-Clotilde under César Franck." One could, of course, be more specific on dates or narrating the exact sequence if desired.--Originalylem (talk) 17:12, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Théodore Dubois


text:
List of Northwest Territories plebiscites

This is a list of territory wide plebiscites that have occurred in the Northwest Territories. Four plebiscites have occurred territory wide in the history of the Northwest Territories, although legislation was passed to allow a fifth plebiscite.

In 1974 the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories passed a bill to authorize a plebiscite that would allow Northwest Territories communities the authority to control liquor. The bill received Assent from the Commissioner. The commissioner of the Northwest Territories at the time Stuart Milton Hodgson actively lobbied the Federal Government not to reject this step in Northwest Territories democracy. However, the plebiscite never took place: Hodgson ended up using his reserve powers to give an executive decree to allow Inuvik to halt liquor sales. This was the first time since 1898 that the Northwest Territories government tried to exert control over liquor in the territory.

In 1982 after considerable pressure from native groups and aboriginal Members, the Northwest Territories would try another plebiscite. This time they had the support of the Federal Government. In 1982 they held a plebiscite on dividing the Territory. The result would lead to three more plebiscites leading to the creation of Nunavut.

 * 1982 Northwest Territories division plebiscite
 * 1992 Northwest Territories jurisdictional boundaries plebiscite
 * 1995 Nunavut capital plebiscite
 * 1997 Nunavut equal representation plebiscite


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Russell Enedy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Francs2000. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:28, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Russell Enedy
Notability not established 66.216.68.28 18:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * speedy delete under WP:CSD A7. DES 18:40, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:List of accordionists

Accordionists without articles
If you know anything about the individual accordionists listed here who do not have their own articles, please write something! The Wikipedia guidelines for List of people by occupation suggest that anyone listed should have their own article. --Theodore Kloba 18:05, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * ideally PrinceCharming 10:49, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

People without a main article should not be mentioned in this list because they are likely to be non-notable. If an accordionist is notable then a main article should be created for him or her. WP:MUSIC has a list of criteria for notability requirements. Shawnc 02:00, 29 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Some people belong to a notable band but do not have their own articles yet. That might be an exception. Shawnc 02:01, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Suggestion for Organizing List
Shouldn't the list by arranged alphabetically by LAST NAME, not first name? Henrydoktorski (talk) 21:26, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Steve Albini?
What is he doing on this page? According to Steve Albini he plays:

Instrument(s) Vocals Guitar Bass Drum machine

No where is accordion mentioned.

The same can be said for Stuart 'Pinkie' Bates. I'm sure if I went down the list, I would find quite a few other names.

How can a person be on a list of accordionists if the word is not even mentioned on their own page? If someone played an accordion once on an album, does that make them an accordionist? Looks like padding to me.

Compare to List of violinists.

List of classical violinists, names of great violinist from baroque era till 20th century.  List of living classical violinists, notable living violinists except those who also were famous in 20th century.  List of violinist/composers, list of violinists who were also classical music composers.  List of jazz violinists, notable jazz violinists.  List of popular music violinists, popular music violinists.  List of Indian violinists, list of Indian violinists including Carnatic and Hindustani.  List of Persian violinists, names of famous Persian style violinists.  List of electric violinists

If someone played a violin once on an album, does their name appear on this list? I believe not. Similarly, this list of accordionists should only include those who play accordion frequently as their principle instrument. This list should be culled. Henrydoktorski (talk) 12:56, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Bill Palmer - page in construction
Bill Palmer, (1917-1996) inventor of the quint system which was later patented by Titano as used in their line of converter (or "quint") bass accordions. Searching solid citations, etc.

FoolesTroupe (talk) 13:04, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

The page has been recently deleted - it was considered a self promotion bio for a contemporary guitarist - no relation to this subject. Attempting to create it.

FoolesTroupe (talk) 14:28, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

What makes an accordionist 'notable'
How much money they have made ? How well known they are ? How good they are ? I think it's the third one but I also believe that we should make them notable for their merrits for what they have done with thier hard earned talent. We all know of some wizard players who are just not interested in publicity and are just not up to the demands of a high (relatively speaking) profile. I think a real professional player is absolutely devoted to the music and therefor needs to allow the public image to someone else. Getting a pro to concede his love to another is thin ice. I've watched and had the privelidge of knowing some amazing pro players, instant sight readers who are so fast with such finness it made me dizzy yet they've lived and died with no other recognition than an appreciative audience and instant recall by agents and other players. Their are players who constantly pay out a fortune in publicity campaigns and get the work. Just plastering your name everywhere doesnt mean your any good. Even here in Jersey channel islands we have accordionists who constantly bore the community near to tears with their incessant boasting of countries where they've played. Pro accordionists know that doing that is not really a valid cv. A notable accordionist is one who is truly amazing to listen to playing the accordion no vocals just notes, chords, clarity, emotion, precision. Just because your in a well known band doesnt make you notable in the eyes of other box players.(Pugs1951mg (talk) 22:09, 14 April 2012 (UTC))
 * On wikipedia, notability is generally measured by the existence of multiple reliable 3rd party references, so that any article can also be verifable, although there are other criteria defined at WP:MUSICBIO, references is still the key one-- Jac 16888 Talk 22:14, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of accordionists


text:
Rex Goudie

Rex Goudie (born November 18, 1985) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and was the runner-up of Canadian Idol 3.

Early life
Rex Goudie was born in Dawson Creek, British Columbia and moved back to his father's hometown of Burlington, Newfoundland, Canada with his family when he was a year old. His mother was born in Baie Verte, Newfoundland to a moderately affluent family. Goudie was studying mechanical engineering at Memorial University of Newfoundland as well as working as an auto mechanic part-time for his father's trucking company before Canadian Idol. He received his first guitar for Christmas 1996 from his grandmother.

Musical career
Goudie's musical talents began in Sunday school, where he was encouraged by his grandmother Sophia to sing. By the time he turned sixteen, Goudie had formed a band with his friends, The Purple Monkey Bomb Squad, with a new rock/country focus. The band was moderately popular in Burlington, where they played in local bars after having received written permission to do so from his Grandmother. He was ousted from the band to make room for an older more "experienced" singer, Brandon Mitchell, when he was in grade 12. While frustrating, this inspired Rex to practice longer and harder, honing his skills that would eventually be used in Canadian Idol.

After all votes had been cast on Canadian Idol, Goudie finished as runner-up to winner Melissa O'Neil. On April 6, 2006, she and Rex confirmed in an interview with the CTV entertainment program eTalk Daily that he and O'Neil had been dating since the third week of Canadian Idol. They have since split up.

Although he has been criticized by some of the judges for his stiffness while on stage, a sports collision injury had caused him limited motion in both knees. Goudie missed a knee specialist appointment, in August 2005, due to his progress on Canadian Idol.

Record deal and debut album
In September 2005, Goudie signed a major recording contract with Sony BMG. His debut CD Under the Lights was released on December 13, 2005, and debuted at No. 5 on the Canadian charts, selling 36,000 records in its first week. The album was certified gold in Canada 23 days after its release. In January 2006, Under the Lights was certified platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association.

Canadian Idol performances
Songs that Rex performed on Canadian Idol include:

Post-Canadian Idol
On August 29, 2006, Goudie made a special guest appearance on the Top 4 results show of Canadian Idol season 4. After performing his hit single "Run", host Ben Mulroney presented him with an award for his platinum album Under the Lights.

His official biography Idolized, written by St. John's author Kim Kielley, was released in September 2006.

His second album, entitled Look Closer was released on December 12, 2006. The album made its debut at No. 19 on the Canadian charts, and sold over 11,000 copies in its first week. However, two weeks after its release, it fell off the top 100 chart.

In September 2006, Goudie, along with fellow Burlington native Shaun Majumder, started a foundation in their hometown to help raise money for medical needs. The Share Foundation has held several concerts, served with merchandise, and have raised over $50,000 Canadian dollars. The following month, Goudie appeared at the opening ceremonies of the 17th annual Provincial Student Leadership Conference of Newfoundland and Labrador, hosted by Laval High School, where he spoke about the importance of perseverance and getting involved in one's school.

In January 2007, it was revealed that Goudie would be travelling to the United States aboard a cruise ship, performing for the fans that decided to take a trip 'down south' with him. For a week, Goudie performed hits from his new album as well older hits from his platinum album Under The Lights.

In March 2007, he won a Canadian Radio Music Award for Best New Solo Artist (CHR) of the Year.

On Sunday, November 25, 2007, Goudie announced on his MySpace account the news that SONY BMG had indeed dropped him. He stated:

Here's what's goin' on. As most of you probably know, I've been dropped off of SBMG's roster. No biggie, I can survive.

After announcing this, Goudie quickly added that he is in Nashville working on songs for his new album. The album 100 Pages Later was released in December 2010.

In 2011 Goudie guest starred in JHawk23's short comedic skit, Newfoundlander Vs West Side, where he played himself.

Goudie also performed for the St. Anthony Come Home Year in 2017. That same year, he performed the national anthem at the close of the 2017 Tim Hortons Brier held in St. John's.

Personal life
In early 2010, Rex travelled to Afghanistan to play for Canadian troops.

Singles

 * "Run" (2005)
 * "Lie Awake" (2006)
 * "You Got To Me" (2006)
 * "One Good Reason" (2007)
 * "Like I Was Dying" (2007)
 * "Undone" (2009)

title: Rex Goudie


text:
Chung Fook v. White

Chung Fook v. White, 264 U.S. 443 (1924), was a Supreme Court case. In line with the plain meaning rule, the Court determined that a native-born citizen of the United States was not automatically entitled to rights granted by a statute for naturalized citizens, despite the doctrine of absurdity.

The proviso of § 22 of the Immigration Act of 1917 allowed for the wife of a "naturalized" citizen (who married his wife after the naturalization) to be brought over to the United States. It was argued that Chung Fook, a native-born citizen, would then be allowed to bring over his wife, as it would not make sense to give a particular right to a naturalized citizen that a native-born citizen was not permitted. The Court rejected this argument and wrote "The words of the statute being clear, if it unjustly discriminates against the native-born citizen, or is cruel and inhuman in its results, as forcefully contended, the remedy lies with Congress, and not with the courts. Their duty is simply to enforce the law as it is written, unless clearly unconstitutional."

The Court opinion was delivered by Justice Sutherland.

Background
"Chung Fook is a native-born citizen of the United States. Lee Shee, his wife, is an alien Chinese woman, ineligible for naturalization. In 1922, she sought admission to the United States, but was refused and detained at the immigration station on the ground that she was an alien, affected by a dangerous contagious disease. No question is raised as to her alienage or the effect and character of her disease, but the contention is that, nevertheless, she is entitled to admission under the proviso found in § 22 of the Immigration Act of February 5, 1917, 39 Stat. 891, c. 29."

title: Chung Fook v. White


text:
Talk:European goldfinch

Name origin
For the origin of carduelis, see e.g.. Pliny the Elder used the word before there were Catholic cardinals. —JerryFriedman 18:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps there could be something regarding the symbolism of the goldfinch? I think in Christian art it represents Christ's suffering.. if anyone is more familiar with this I think that could be a valuable addition.

europeangoldfinch.net

 * This website has nothing to do with the actual carduelis carduelis and the link should be removed from this page. The site is registered under the name of Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation for the needs of their series "Prison Break". Check out for registration name and  for fuller explanation.

 * I reinserted it under a section titled "European goldfinches in popular culture." If you take umbrage with this change I recommend you look at any number of non-pop-culture objects on wikipedia that have pop culture subheadings with references to the source.Robotempire 14:58, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's completely irrelevant to the species, it belongs in an article about Prison Break, people looking to learn about the European goldfinch aren't going to care, the bird itself doesn't even appear in the series. Anyway, I've reduced your relatively lengthy section to two sentences (I'd remove it completely if it were up to me, but knowing Wikipedia and its obsession with pop culture references I'm not even going to try), the site's even got its own article, so let's keep the TV cruft confined to there. EditorInTheRye 19:53, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with EditorInTheRye. If the TV bit has any place here, it doesn't have to be a mini-synopsis, just a sentence linking to the article. Jimfbleak 06:08, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm really not inclined to agree. I guess I'm hitting on a "purist" culture here but the "pop" in "pop culture" is short for "popular." I suppose if this was the entry on "cat" or "hamster" I could see excising the popular culture bit as those are two very broad descriptions of a class of mammal. A european goldfinch, however, is one particular subspecies. A european goldfinch as a "thing" like a particular make of collectible doll or antique pottery deserves a brief description of its impact or role in popular culture. I will agree that perhaps I went a little far in the description of the site. Either way, Jim's change is a good compromise.Robotempire 08:36, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * It's back as "Official Website" even tough it is not, see above. Removing it. Someone else might put it back under some other heading. Gryffin Swe (talk) 02:29, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

I am surprised that no nmention in the European Goldfinch article is made of Carel Fabitius's (see the Wilkopedia entry under his name)famouès, beautiful, mysterious painting "T5he Goldfinch", one of his few survuving paintings, now in the Mauritshuis at The Hague. A reproduction of thiS Mmarvelous painting could easily repàlace the pphotograph of the caged bird presently there. ivannabokoff@wanadoo.fr ivannaboçkoff@wanadoo.fr — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.128.91.123 (talk) 15:03, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

Symbolism and General Facts
I feel that the links to christian symbolism are tenuous at best, and at worst divert attention away from actual facts about the species rather than focussing on subjective interpretations in art. I'd also like point out that I am unable to find a single source that says Goldfinches nest in thistles. Thistles themselves make up a proportion of a surprisingly varied diet that includes dandilion seeds and leaves, grass seeds, and will eat live food (small insects/grubs). Adding more weight to the lack of validity of the symbolism itself. There may be value in the information about the plague if it is true, although I found the source from a quick search on google and was not encouraged. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.229.175.128 (talk) 00:01, 24 April 2007 (UTC).

 * I tend to agree with the above, but for now I've combined the two culture bits, previously separated by the pet section, removed the nonsense about eating thorns or nesting in thistles, and diluted the POV. Jimfbleak 06:16, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

File:Carcar.jpg to appear as POTD
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Carcar.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on September 11, 2014. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2014-09-11. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 03:15, 29 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:European goldfinch


text:
Gorefest

Gorefest was a Dutch death metal band from Goes in Zeeland. It was founded in 1989 by Jan-Chris de Koeijer, Frank Harthoorn, Alex van Schaik and Marc Hoogendoorn.

Early works (1989-1994)
Within two months of existence, Gorefest recorded their first demo. A Dutch independent label, Foundation 2000, signed them for one album. Before recording Mindloss, they released another demo in 1990, which received positive feedback. As a supporting act for Carcass they traveled through Belgium and the Netherlands impressing the metal-scene also on stage. Colin Richardson was the producer of 1991's album Mindloss.

Before they toured with Revenant from New Jersey, guitarist Alex van Schaik was replaced by Boudewijn Vincent Bonebakker. Not satisfied with Foundation 2000, Gorefest signed a contract in 1992 with Nuclear Blast. Hoogendoorn quit because of incidents during the Mindloss-tour and drummer Ed Warby (who came from the power metal band Elegy) took his place two weeks before recording sessions of False which was also produced by Colin Richardson. The album sold relatively well in the Netherlands and Germany for a band of the genre. In the months to come, they completed a European tour with Deicide and Atrocity, playing in Germany, Sweden, Spain, Czech Republic, Slovakia and England. In 1993, Gorefest played a show at the Dynamo Open Air at Eindhoven. The Eindhoven Insanity was released soon thereafter, featuring this performance. Also in 1993, they toured North America as a supporting act for metal band Death. Their Insanity Tour closed with a show in Mexico City, Mexico.

Erase was recorded in 1994, with producer Pete Coleman and revealed a different attitude towards traditional death metal. As a result, public opinion towards Gorefest was divided. Erase, however, proved to be a success as international sales went well through 1994 and 1995. The band reached a broader set of countries in the following tours.

Change in style and subsequent split (1994-1998)
In the Fear EP and "Freedom" single, Gorefest revealed new tracks showing that they wanted to drastically expand upon the musical changes they had applied in Erase (De Koeijer declared in some interviews that he even had thoughts about taking singing lessons). This would be confirmed in 1996 with the rock influenced album Soul Survivor – a total departure from their roots even showing traces of pop – and a very similar album Chapter 13 in 1998.

They abandoned their heavy image and the graphics for these works were less extreme. Many fans turned their backs on them and the sales of the album were a relatively poor, thus they split up in 1998.

Return and final disbandment (2004-2009)
Gorefest reformed in 2004 and played various summer festivals in 2005. The band came out with a new album, La Muerte. They produced the album themselves, with mixing handled by Tue Madsen at Antfarm Studios.

In 2006, De Koeyer appeared at Epica's concert in Paradiso (Amsterdam) as a guest grunter on the song "Consign to Oblivion" (A New Age Dawns #3).

The next album, Rise to Ruin, was released in August 2007. The American release was licensed to Candlelight Records.

On 15 June 2009, the band announced that they were calling it quits again, stating that they felt they had gone as far with the band as they could.

Members

 * Jan Chris de Koeijer – vocals, bass (1989–1998, 2004–2009)
 * Frank Harthoorn – guitar (1989–1998, 2004–2009)
 * Boudewijn Bonebakker – guitar (1991–1998, 2004–2009)
 * Ed Warby – drums (1991–1998, 2004–2009)
 * Marc Hoogendoorn – drums (1989–1991)
 * Alex van Schaik – guitar (1989–1991)
 * René Merkelbach – keyboards (1996–1998)

Studio albums

 * Mindloss (1991)
 * False (1992)
 * Erase (1994)
 * Soul Survivor (1996)
 * Chapter 13 (1998)
 * La Muerte (2005)
 * Rise to Ruin (2007)

EPs and singles

 * Live Misery (1992)
 * Fear (1994)
 * Freedom (1996)

Compilations

 * To Hell and Back – A Goreography (2005)
 * False/Erase (Re-release) (2005)

Live albums

 * The Eindhoven Insanity (1993)

title: Gorefest


text: Category:British rock music groups

title: Category:British rock music groups


text:
Talk:Past, Present & Future (Rob Zombie album)

October 2009
Cleaned up the article. People don't seem to edit here very often so I thought I'd be bold. Enjoy. DKqwerty (talk) 03:04, 16 October 2009 (UTC)

Missing tracks?
Anyone think a track or two should've been included on this CD? I would've liked to see "Meet the Creeper", which was featured on Twisted Metal and is a bit of a fan favorite, as well as "Scum of the Earth" from the Mission: Impossible II soundtrack. One or two more White Zombie tracks would've been nice as well... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.54.20.170 (talk) 00:34, 13 January 2010 (UTC)


text:
Globster

A globster or blob is an unidentified organic mass that washes up on the shoreline of an ocean or other body of water. A globster is distinguished from a normal beached carcass by being hard to identify, at least by initial untrained observers, and by creating controversy as to its identity.

History
The term "globster" was coined by Ivan T. Sanderson in 1962 to describe the Tasmanian carcass of 1960, which was said to have "no visible eyes, no defined head, and no apparent bone structure." Other sources simply use the term "blob".

Many globsters have initially been described as resembling gigantic octopuses, though they later turned out to be decayed carcasses of whales or large sharks. As with the "Chilean Blob" of 2003, many are masses of whale blubber released from decaying whale corpses. Others initially thought to be dead plesiosaurs later turned out to be the decayed carcasses of basking sharks. Others remain unexplained. Giant and colossal squid may also explain some globsters, particularly those tentatively identified as monster octopuses.

Some globsters were examined only after they had decomposed too much and seemed to represent evidence of a new species, or were destroyed—as happened with the "Cadborosaurus willsi" carcass, found in 1937. However, Canadian scientists did analyse the DNA of the Newfoundland Blob—which revealed that the tissue was from a sperm whale. In their resulting paper, the authors point out a number of superficial similarities between the Newfoundland Blob and other globsters, concluding a similar origin for those globsters is likely. Analyses of other globsters have yielded similar results.

Notable globsters

The following is a chronological list of carcasses that have been described as globsters or blobs in the literature.
 * Stronsay Beast (1808) – Believed to be a basking shark carcass.
 * St. Augustine Monster (1896) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * Trunko (1924) – Not identified.
 * Tasmanian Globster (1960) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * New Zealand Globster (1965) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * Bermuda Blob (1988) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * Nantucket Blob (1996) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * Bermuda Blob 2 (1997) – Identified as a whale carcass.
 * Chilean Blob (2003) – Identified as a whale carcass.

title: Globster


text: User talk:149.101.1.124

title: User talk:149.101.1.124