text:
Greater Accra Region

The Greater Accra Region has the smallest area of Ghana's 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 3,245 square kilometres. This is 1.4 per cent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region, with a population of 5,455,692 in 2021, accounting for 17.7 per cent of Ghana's total population.

The Greater Accra region is the most urbanized region in the country with 87.4% of its total population living in urban centres. The capital city of Greater Accra Region is Accra which is at the same time the capital city of Ghana.

History
In 1960, Greater Accra, then referred to as Accra Capital District, was geographically part of the Eastern Region. It was, however, administered separately by the Minister responsible for local government. With effect from 23 July 1982, Greater Accra was created by the Greater Accra Region Law (PNDCL 26) as a legally separate region.

Location and size
The Greater Accra Region is bordered on the north by the Eastern Region, on the east by the Volta Region, on the south by the Gulf of Guinea, and on the west by the Central Region. It is smallest region of Ghana in total area, and is made up of 16 administrative areas.

Parks

 * Shai Reserve
 * Lakeside Marina Park
 * Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park
 * Efua Sutherland Children's Park

Recreation areas

 * National Museum
 * La Pleasure Beach
 * Kokrobite Beach
 * Coco Beach Resort
 * Cocoloco Beach
 * Korle Beach Resort
 * Next Door Beach Resort
 * Manet Paradise
 * Ada Paradise Beach
 * Ningo-Prampram Beach
 * Rufus Green Parks
 * Labadi Beach
 * Laboma Beach
 * Titanic Beach
 * Bojo Beach
 * Sandbox beach Club
 * Afrikiko
 * Bloombar

National monuments

 * National Theater
 * Independence Square
 * Accra International Conference Center
 * Center for National Culture

National historic sites

 * Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum
 * Osu Castle
 * National Museum of Ghana

Festivals
The Ga people celebrate the Homowo festival, which literally means "hooting at hunger." This festival originated several centuries ago. It is celebrated in remembrance of a great famine that hit the Ga people in the sixteenth century. It is mainly a food festival which celebrates the passing of that terrible period in Ga history. It takes place in August every year and is celebrated by all the Ga clans.

The Adangbe people from Ada celebrate the Asafotu festival, which is also called 'Asafotufiam', an annual warrior's festival celebrated by Ada people from the last Thursday of July to the first weekend of August commemorates the victories of the warriors in battle and is a memorial for those who fell on the battlefield. To re-enact these historic events, the warriors dress in traditional battle dress and stage a mock battle. This is also a time for male rites of passage, when young men are introduced to warfare. The festival also coincides with the harvest cycle, when these special customs and ceremonies are performed. These include purification ceremonies. The celebration reaches its climax with a durbar of chiefs, a colourful procession of the Chiefs in palanquins with their retinue. They are accompanied by traditional military groups called 'Asafo Companies' amidst drumming, singing and dancing through the streets and on the durbar grounds. At the durbar, greetings are exchanged between the chiefs, libations are poured and declarations of allegiance are made.

Other tourist attractions

 * Fishing port at Jamestown
 * Du Bois Memorial Center for Pan-African Culture
 * George Padmore Research Library on African Affairs
 * Agblobloshie Market
 * Makola Market
 * Trade Fair Center

Governance
The political administration of the region is through the local government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into 29 MMDA's (made up of 2 Metropolitan, 23 Municipal and 4 Ordinary Assemblies). Each District, Municipal or Metropolitan Area and it's corresponding constituency, is administered by a Chief Executive and a Member of Parliamnet, representing the central government but deriving authority from an Assembly headed by a presiding member elected from among the members themselves. The MMDA's were increased from 3 to 5 in 1988; then from 5 to 6 in 2004; then from 6 to 10 in 2008; then from 10 to 16 in 2012; and recently from 16 to 29 in 2018. The number of constituencies increased/spread from 22 to 27 in 2004 making and 34 prior to the 2012 Ghanaian general election.The current list is as follows:

Population
The center of population of the Greater Accra region is located in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area which comprises the Accra Metropolitan, Tema Metropolitan, Adenta Municipal, La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District, Ashaiman Municipal, Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal, Ga East Municipal, Ga West Municipal, and Ga South Municipal districts

According to the 2010 census, the region had a population of 4,010,054, making it the second most populous (total number of people) region of Ghana behind the Ashanti Region. Owing to in-migration and a high population growth rate, however, the region has the highest population density in the country.

Ethnicity
The Ga sub-group of the Ga-Dangme people is the historical population of Accra. They form the largest ethnic sub-group in the Greater Accra Region, with 18.9% of the population. The Ga peoples were organized into six independent towns (Accra (Ga Mashie), Osu, La, Teshie, Nungua, and Tema). Each town had a stool, which served as the central object of Ga ritual and war magic. Now, the town of La has a community bank which offers banking services to them. Accra became the most prominent Ga-Dangme towns and is now the heartbeat and capital of Ghana.[4] The Ga people were originally farmers, but today fishing and trading in imported goods are the principal occupations. Trading is generally in the hands of women, and a husband has no control over his wife's money. Succession to most offices held by women and inheritance of women's property are by matrilineal descent. Inheritance of other property and succession to male-held public offices are by patrilineal descent. Men of the lineage live together in a men's compound, while women, even after marriage, live with their mothers and children in a women's compound. Each Ga town has a number of different cults and many gods, and there are a number of annual town festivals. The Adangme people occupy the coastal area of Ghana from Le Kpone to Ada, on the Volta River and South Atlantic Ocean along the Gulf of Guinea and inland along the Volta River. The Adangme People include the Ada, Le Kpone, Krobo, Ningo, Osuduku, Prampram, and Shai, all speaking Adangbe of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages. [5] The Adangme People have the largest Population among the two related Ga-Adangme People. About 70% of the Greater Accra Regional Land is owned by the Adangmes located in Dangme East and Dangme West Districts of Ghana.

Immigration
1.3% of the inhabitants of the Greater Accra Region are immigrants from outside Ghana.

The largest portion of the population of Accra is Akan, at 39.8% of the population. The next largest group is Ga-Dangme at 30.7% of the population. After this 18% of the population is Ewe. The Ga sub-group of the Ga-Dangme people is the historical population of Accra. They form the largest ethnic sub-group in the Greater Accra Region, with 18.9% of the population. The Fante are the next largest ethnic sub-group, with 10% of the population.

Population growth
In 1960 the population of the Greater Accra Region was 491,817. In 2000 the population was 2,905,726. In 2010 the population was 4,010,054.

Religion
The religious affiliations of the people of the Greater Accra region are below:
 * Christian – 77.8%
 * Muslim –16.2%
 * Other Religions – 4.6%
 * Traditional – 1.4%

Transportation
The Greater Accra region is served by the Kotoka International Airport in Accra. The airport offers flight to destinations within Ghana, the African continent and to other continents.

Four National highways – N1, N2, N4 and N6 – and one Regional highway – R40 – pass through the Greater Accra region. N1 enters the region in Ada to the east and runs west, intersecting the N2 at Tema, the Ghana Road Network Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, and the N6 at Achimota. It passes through Kokrobite and exits the region at Weija where it continues on through the Central Region to Elubo in the Western region. The N2 crosses the Eastern Regional border into Asikuma and runs north entering the Upper East Region, ending at Kulungugu. The N4 heads north from the Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, while the N6 originates from Achimota. These highways cut through the northern part of the region and terminate at Kumasi in the Ashanti Region.

There is also an active railway line connecting Accra and Tema.

Senior high schools

 * Christian Methodist Senior High School
 * Accra Academy
 * St. Martins Senior High School
 * Accra Girls Senior High School
 * Accra High School
 * Accra Wesley Girls' High School
 * Achimota Senior High School
 * Ebenezer Senior High School
 * Holy Trinity Cathedral Senior High School
 * Kaneshie Senior High School
 * Kinbu Senior High School
 * Presbyterian Senior High School, Osu
 * Wesley Grammar Senior High School
 * St. Mary's Senior High School
 * St. Margaret-Mary Senior High School
 * Sacred Heart Vocational Institute
 * Accra Technical Training Centre
 * Accra Wesley Girls' Senior High School
 * Chemu Senior High School
 * Manhean Senior High School
 * Tema Senior High School
 * Methodist Day Senior High School
 * Presbyterian Senior High School, Tema
 * Our Lady Of Mercy Senior High School
 * Tema Technical Institute
 * Labone Senior High School
 * Presbyterian Senior High Sch, La
 * St. Thomas Aquinas Senior High School
 * Armed Forces Senior High Technical
 * Amasaman Senior High Technical School
 * St. John's Grammar Senior High School
 * Odorgonno Senior High School
 * West African Senior High School
 * Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School, Legon
 * Ada Senior High School
 * Ada Technical Institute
 * Ada Senior High Technical School
 * Osudoku Senior High School
 * Ningo Senior High School
 * Prampram Senior High School
 * Ashaiman Senior High School
 * Don Bosco Senior High Technical School
 * Nungua Senior High School
 * O'reilly Senior High School
 * Presbyteian Senior High School, Teishie
 * Teishie Technical Training Centre
 * The Morning Star International High School, Dodowa
 * Kpone Community Day Senior High School
 * Kwabenya Community Day Senior High School
 * Frafraha Community Day Senior
 * Ghanata Senior High School

Higher education
Greater Accra has three public four-year institutions, the University of Ghana in Accra, Ghana Institute of Journalism and University of Professional Studies, East Legon, Accra. In addition, there are a number of private universities and university colleges spread through the region.
 * Accra Institute of Technology, Cantonments, Accra
 * Ghana Technology University College, Tesano, Accra
 * Islamic University College, East Legon, Accra
 * Knutsford University College, East Legon, Accra
 * Methodist University College, Dansoman, Accra
 * Regent University College of Science and Technology, Mataheko, Accra
 * Central University, Mataheko/Miotso, Accra
 * Advanced Business University College, Kaneshie, Accra
 * African University College of Communications, Adabraka, Accra
 * Wisconsin International University College, North Legon, Accra
 * Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra
 * Regional Maritime University, Nungua
 * Pentecost University College, Sowutuom
 * Jayee University College, McCarthy Hills
 * Maranatha University College, Sowutuom
 * University of Applied Management, Ghana Campus, McCarthy Hill 18th Avenue
 * Zenith University College, LA-Behind Ghana Trade Fair Centre, Accra
 * Radford University College, East-Legon, Accra
 * University of Professional Studies, Accra East-Legon, Ghana
 * Webster University, Ghana Campus, East Legon, Accra
 * Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra
 * Family Health Medical School, Teshie, Accra

Shopping centres and their locations

 * Accra Mall - Tetteh Quarshie Roundabout
 * Melcom Shopping Centers- Accra Central, Adabraka, North Industrial Area, Spintex, Teshie, La, Dansoman, East Legon, Madina, Frafraha, Achimota, Weija, Kasoa etc.
 * Marina Mall - Airport Area
 * West Hills Mall - Weija
 * Oxford Street Mall - Osu
 * The Junction Mall - Nungua
 * The Achimota Mall - Achimota
 * A&C Mall - East Legon
 * The Palace Malls - Spintex, Atomic Junction
 * The China Mall - Spintex

Sports

 * Accra Hearts of Oak, Premier League Football
 * Great Olympics, Premier League Football
 * International Allies F.C., Division One League
 * Liberty Professionals, Division One League
 * Tema Youth F.C., Division One League
 * Legon Cities F.C., Premier League Football
 * Accra Lions F.C, Premier League Football

title: Greater Accra Region


text:
Northern Region (Ghana)

The Northern Region is one of the sixteen regions of Ghana. It is situated in the northern part of the country and ranks as the second largest of the sixteen regions. Before its division, it covered an area of 25,000 square kilometres, representing 10 percent of Ghana's area. In December 2018, the Savannah Region and North East Region were created from it. The Northern Region is divided into 16 districts. The region's capital is Tamale, Ghana's third largest city.

Location and size
The Northern Region, spanning approximately 25,000 square kilometers, stands as Ghana's Second largest region by land area. It shares borders with the North East Region and Savannah Region to the north, and Oti Regions to the south, and neighboring countries, including the Republic of Togo to the east and La Cote d'voire to the west.

Climate and vegetation
The Northern Region has a Guinean forest-savanna mosaic ecosystem. The Guinea Savanna is the wettest of the three savanna ecological zones. The vegetation consists predominantly of woodlands and grasslands. The wet season is between April and October, while the dry season occurs from January to March. There is an average annual rainfall of 750 to 1050 mm (30 to 40 inches). The highest temperatures are reached in March, at the end of the dry season. From late November to March, the north east trade winds blows causing Harmattan. During this time, temperatures can vary between 14 °C (59 °F) at night and 40 °C (104 °F) during the day.

Economy
Like all parts of Ghana, more than half of the economically active population are agricultural. The region is one of the most agriculturally important regions in Ghana. It also has the largest reserve of iron ore.

Demographics
The Northern Region contains much of the territories of the Kingdom of Dagbon and Dagbani is the most widely spoke language, along with English. Dagbani belongs to the Oti–Volta subfamily in the Niger–Congo language family. Other languages spoken within the region include Likpakpaln and Nawuri.

Business

The region is a hotspot for investment in Ghana, with Tamale previously been ranked as the fastest growing city in West Africa; experiencing tremendous growth compared to other cities in Ghana. The region's location, and greater proximity to both Europe and North Africa, compared to Accra, makes it an increasingly attractive destination for investors. Ghana's largest iron ore reserves, estimated to be more than three billion tons, makes the region an ideal destination for investments in steel and iron.

Tourism

 * Naa Gbewaa Palace, Yendi
 * Hamamat Shea Butter Village
 * Tamale Center for Culture and Arts
 * Savanna Centre for Contemporary Art
 * Red Clay Studios
 * Nkrumah Volini
 * Nuku Studios
 * Saakpuli Slave wells
 * Diarre Napagaduungbanani
 * Naa Binbegu Boabab Tree, Yendi
 * Buntaga Irrigation Dam
 * Sabali (River Oti)
 * Nawuni River (White Volta)
 * Deutsch Cemetery at Yendi
 * Adibo dalila war zones, Adibo

Religion
Around three out of five residents in the Northern region were affiliated to Islam (60.0%).

Districts
The Northern Region of Ghana contains 16 districts. 11 are ordinary districts in addition to 1 metropolitan and 4 municipal districts.: Under every municipality, metropoly and districts are many towns and villages.

Health facilities

Hospitals in the Northern Region:

 * Tamale Teaching Hospital
 * Tamale Central West Hospital
 * Tamale West Hospital
 * SDA Hospital
 * Yendi Municipal Hospital
 * Savelugu Municipal Hospital
 * Bimbilla District Hospital
 * Kumbungu District Hospital
 * Gusheigu District Hospital

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Northern Region (Ghana)


text: Category:North American orchestras

title: Category:North American orchestras


text:
Volta Region

Volta Region (or Volta) is one of Ghana's sixteen administrative regions, with Ho designated as its capital. It is located west of Republic of Togo and to the east of Lake Volta. Divided into 25 administrative districts, the region is multi-ethnic and multilingual, including groups such as the Ewe, the Guan, and the Akan peoples. The Guan peoples include the Lolobi, Likpe, Akpafu, Buem,Nyagbo,Avatime, and Nkonya. This region was carved out of the Volta Region in December 2018 by the New Patriotic Party. The people of the Volta Region are popularly known as Voltarians.This group includes the Ewes,Guans and other minor tribes living in the Volta Region. The people of the Volta Region are popular known for their rich cultural display and music some of which include Agbadza, Borborbor and Zigi.

Background

The Volta region was formed by the state union of the former British Togoland which was part of the German protectorate of Togoland. It was administered as part of the Gold Coast by the British and later renamed Trans-Volta Togoland.

Demographics
The native and largest ethnic group of the Volta Region (Togoland / British Togoland) are the Ewe people (68.5% of the population). They consist of several sub groups such as the Anlo Ewe, Tongu Ewe, Wedome Ewe, Ave Ewe and Avenor Ewe. Other ethnicities include the Guan people (forming 9.2% of the population), the Akan people (8.5%), and the Gurma people (6.5% of the population).

Administration
The Volta region is run by a Regional Coordinating Council (RCC) and a District Assembly. The RCC is made up of the Volta Regional Minister who is the political head and his deputy as well as representatives of the Regional House of Chiefs, the District Chief Executives of the Volta region, the Presiding Members of the 12 Districts Assemblies and representatives of the various decentralized Ministries, Departments and Agencies in the Volta region. Each district is run by a District Assembly.

Regional Commissioners and Ministers
The current Regional Minister, Archibald Letsa was appointed in February 2017.

Administrative divisions
Before the regional demarcation in December 2018, the region had 25 MMDA's (made up of 0 Metropolitan, 5 Municipal and 20 Ordinary Assemblies) with all the administrative changes as of December 2012. After the census, the Oti Region was carved out of it, reducing the size of the region and the number of administrative districts to 18.

The political administration of the region is through the local government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into 18 MMDA's (made up of 0 Metropolitan, 6 Municipal and 12 Ordinary Assemblies). Each District, Municipal or Metropolitan Assembly, is administered by a Chief Executive, representing the central government but deriving authority from an Assembly headed by a presiding member elected from among the members themselves. The current list is as follows:

The following districts are now within the boundaries of the Oti Region which was formally created on 15 February 2019.

Constituencies
There are 18 constituencies in the region after the Oti Region was carved out of it. Previously Volta Region had 19 constituencies in the election in December 2000 and 24 constituencies in December 2004 parliamentary election. Four new constituencies were created by the Electoral Commission prior to the December 2012 parliamentary election, increasing the number of constituencies to 26.

Universities

 * Ghana Telecom University College (Now Ghana Communication Technology University)
 * University of Health and Allied Sciences
 * Evangelical Presbyterian University College
 * Ho Technical University
 * Princefield University College
 * Adonai University College

Nurses' Training and Colleges of Education

 * Ho Nurses' Training College
 * Keta Nursing and Midwifery Training College
 * Hohoe Midwifery Training College
 * Akatsi College of Education
 * Peki College of Education
 * Holy Spirit College of Education
 * St. Francis College of Education
 * St. Theresa’s College of Education

Senior High Schools

 * St. Paul's Senior High School (SPACO)
 * Some Senior High School (SOSEC)
 * Klikor Senior High Technical School (KLISTECH)
 * Bishop Herman College (BIHECO)
 * Kpando Senior High School
 * Keta Senior High Technical School
 * OLA Girls Senior High School (Ho)
 * Mawuko Girls' Senior High School
 * Mafi Kumase Senior High Technical School
 * Adidome Senior High School
 * Sogakofe Senior High School
 * Keta Business College
 * Wallahs Academy SHS (Ho)
 * Adaklu Senior High School, (Adaklu Waya)
 * Awudome Senior High School (AWUSCO), Tsito-Awudome
 * Ave Senior High School (AVESCO), Ave Dakpa
 * Ziope Senior High School
 * Mawuli School (HO)
 * St Prosper's College (HO)
 * Ideal College
 * Social Welfare Vocational Training Centre (SWEVCO), HO
 * Sonrise Christian High School
 * Abor Senior High School
 * Zion College
 * Tanyigbe Senior High School
 * Three Town Senior High School
 * Hohoe E.P Senior High School (HEPSS)
 * Vakpo Secondary School
 * Vakpo Secondary Senior High Technical
 * Kpedze Senior High School
 * Peki Senior High School
 * Shia Senior High School
 * Peki Senior High Technical School (Pestech)
 * Kpeve Senior High Technical School
 * Have Technical Institute
 * Anfoega Senior High School
 * Taviefe Senior High School
 * Agate Senior High School
 * Atiavi Senior High Technical School(Atiavi)
 * Alavanyo Senior High Technical School
 * E.P. Tech/Voc. Institute (Alavanyo)
 * Kpando Technical Institute
 * Leklebi Senior High School
 * Ve Community Senior High School (Ve Koloenu)
 * Tsito Senior High Technical School
 * Abutia Senior High Technical School
 * Sokode Senior High Technical School
 * St. Catherine Girls Senior High School
 * Wovenu Senior High Technical School, Tadzewu
 * Akatsi Senior High Technical School

Health
The Volta Regional Hospital is located at Ho. It is popularly referred to as Trafalgar. The inception of the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) at Ho has led to it being redesignated as the Ho Teaching Hospital in 2019. Other government run health facilities in the capital are the Ho Municipal Hospital and the Ho Polyclinic. Hospitals in the region include:

Togoland Congress
The Togoland Congress (TCP) was a political party formed in 1951 to campaign for the unification of the Ewe people in British Togoland and French Togoland as a separate Ewe state. The party was defeated in the May 1956 UN plebiscite in British Togoland, which resulted in the unification of British Trans-Volta Togoland with Gold Coast, which later became independent as Ghana.

On 9 May 1956, a vote was conducted to decide the future disposition of British Togoland and French Togoland. The native and dominant ethnic group, the Ewe people, were divided between the two Togos. British Togoland inhabitants voted in favor of state union with the Gold Coast, and the Togo Ewe state was incorporated with Gold Coast.

There was vocal opposition to the incorporation of Togoland into modern Ghana, from the Ewe people who voted (42%) against in British Togoland, as the Ewe wanted the unification of the Ewe people in British Togoland and French Togoland as a separate Ewe state (modern Togo).

Recently, a campaign for the cessation of some part of the Volta Region from Ghana to be known as "Western Togoland" is being led by a group calling itself Homeland Study Group Foundation. The group is led by Charles Kormi Kudzodzi.

Recreation areas

 * Museum
 * Volta Regional Museum

Mountains

 * Mount Afadja
 * Mount Adaklu
 * Mount Gemi

Other Tourist Attractions

 * Waterfalls
 * Tafi Agome Caves
 * Tafi Atome Monkey Sanctuary
 * Wli Waterfalls
 * Tagbo Falls
 * Amedzofe Falls
 * Biakpa Falls and Caves
 * Kpoeta waterfalls (at Ho West District)
 * Mount Afadja
 * Mount Gemi
 * Akpom Falls and limestone cave Logba Tota
 * Snake Village Liate Wote
 * Adidime waterfalls Klefe (at Ho Municipal)

title: Volta Region


text:
User talk:Ronette~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 20:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
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Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Ronette~enwiki


text:
Talk:Greenfield, New Hampshire

Suck Town
Sounds like a pretty suck town to me. What about the State Park? - 24.39.214.210 12:06, 13 July 2005

 * Not to mention the map is pointing out Greenville not Greenfield. 69.54.12.255 03:12, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Corrected the map. Thanks! -- SatyrTN (talk | contribs)  03:53, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Greenfield, New Hampshire


text:
User talk:Srleffler

Hi, feel free to leave me a message. Kindly leave messages on new topics at the bottom of this page. Srleffler

You are correct
I really should have linked the discussion I was referring to avoid confusion. I’ll have to remember this for the future when talking about behavior; I should also try to write things a little more earlier than midnight ;) (When I woke up after that night I had to edit a lot if clumsy grammar mistakes I made). Wolfquack (talk) 19:43, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

 * P.S. My post was more directed towards the editors who participated in that “consensus”, which is why I didn’t think I needed to add the link. Definitely a mega oof. Wolfquack (talk) 19:49, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

Merry Christmas!
Hi Srleffler! I've seen so many people come and go over the years. I'm glad to see you're still around. Your help on optics and laser articles is always appreciated. I just wanted to wish you a Merry Christmas! I hope the coming New Year brings you happiness and joy! Zaereth (talk) 22:05, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Merry Christmas to you too, Zaereth!--Srleffler (talk) 05:58, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

On Google books URLs
Hello Srleffler, I hope all is well.

I'm about to engage in a new round of laser-related edits, and, since I'll be citing sources, I'd like to know whether I am to include URLs to Google books or not — a matter previously discussed here, albeit without a conclusion having been reached.

Think about it and let me know. Thank you. L'OrfeoSon io 12:38, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

 * It's probably better to include it, especially if you can link to the actual page where the information is. Srleffler (talk) 15:03, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Excellent! Thank you for your feedback! L'OrfeoSon io 23:37, 3 February 2024 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

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RamzyM (WMF) 23:10, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Nodal points and EFL
Thanks for your edits in the nodal point section, and about efl. This is fundamental to optics, but it was never really clearly rationalized. The response of Zemax seems to have been to remove any definition for EFL, rather than to clearly state what it is. In the 60s or so, Kingslake said just use "focal length" (but only considered lenses in air), but Warren Smith started using efl, and it seems like Welford had dealt with lenses for bubble chambers, which may be why his equations were particularly clear. And there have been terms like "reduced power". And Arizona had a different definition, which might be the biggest issue. The thing about the n=1 comment is that if the object and image media are different, something else happens (and a paper editor spelled it out with a worked example, but it is not published anywhere yet). Anything that makes this crystal clear will help. Regards. Mike Simpson YesYes42 (talk) 15:13, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I think the trouble is the concept of focal length itself. Everyone gets attached to it because it's the first thing you learn about lenses, and for an ideal thin lens in air it has a simple, intuitive physical meaning. The problem is that once you move beyond that the concept of "focal length" becomes less physical. For the general case of a thick lens or a multi-element optical system with differing media on each side the EFL is the only thing you could call "the focal length" of the system. It isn't a distance from anything to the focal points, but it is the inverse of the optical power of the system so it does have a clear physical meaning.--Srleffler (talk) 04:57, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Srleffler


text: Category:Asian orchestras

title: Category:Asian orchestras


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Applesauce Records

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:12, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Applesauce Records
Delete nn vanity page. 4 hits on Google. Icelight 20:09, July 13, 2005 (UTC) Speedy keep I have seen them mentioned on other forums. I don't think it was put up for vanity either because if you read their message board, they are surprised about their inclusion (even though they were discussing whether to make one or not).
 * Delete, unverifiable. Dcarrano 23:29, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Dcarrano--nixie 04:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 08:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * (Invalid and unsigned vote)  Speedy Keep I am author of this article. Found the page on another forum. It is no different than other famous web groups like Homestar Runner, which is also included.
 * Delete - non-notable / vanity - Tεx  τ  urε  20:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:V2 Records

mistakes
Obviously there are some mistakes on this page.

eMusic
The addition of V2 Records to eMusic is a relatively big deal for fans of the artists that V2 carries, because it means their music is available at a much lower price than it was before and without the DRM used on other sites. So I figured I'd mention it here. Any disagreements, let me know. - Stick Fig 07:37, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

"Independent"
V-2 is/was not an independent label. The article currently calls it one, and also "part of the Virgin group." It can't be both independent and part of a major label. The stated intention from the start with V-2 was for it to be an "independent-style" label, so I'm changing "independent" to "independent-style". --Strangepalefighter 23:07, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Actually, leaving it as is. I don't think it makes much sense (aside from business sense on V2's part) to consider it independent but there are loads of references to it as one. Many of them are in press releases, but they're there nonetheless. --Strangepalefighter 23:25, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Looks like V2 has shut down.

http://www.punknews.org/article/21722

title: Talk:V2 Records


text:
User:OJ SIMPSON

I maintain my innocence. I will not stop until the true killer is found. However, I have reason to believe Nicole and Ron were actually members of a bizarre cult and took there own lives in a strange ceremony, in honor of the dark gods.

title: User:OJ SIMPSON


text:
Raid over Moscow

Raid Over Moscow (Raid in some countries and on reissue) is a video game by Access Software published in Europe by U.S. Gold for the Commodore 64 in 1984 and other microcomputers in 1985-1986.

Released during the Cold War era, Raid Over Moscow is an action game in which the player (an American space pilot) has to stop three Soviet nuclear attacks on North America, then fight his way into and destroy a nuclear facility located in Moscow's Kremlin. According to the game's storyline, the United States is unable to respond to the attack directly due to the dismantlement of its nuclear arsenal.

The game is famous in Finland due to the political effect of its content. A leftist member of the Finnish parliament went as far as to make a parliamentary question about whether it was acceptable to sell the game. The resulting debate and publicity made the game a top seller in the country.

First stage
The game opens with an alert that a nuclear missile has been launched from a Soviet city towards a North American city. The game begins in the hangar where the American spaceplanes are stored. The player has to safely fly the craft out. The view switches to the earth as seen from low Earth orbit, and the player guides the spaceplane to the city launching the attack. Alternatively, the player may decide to maneuver more of the available spaceplanes out of the space station before attacking the launch site; the surplus planes are docked outside the space station. Meanwhile, the clock is ticking, and the time before impact is continually displayed.

The player has then to fly through the defense perimeter around the launch site missile silo, dodging obstacles, heat-seeking missiles, and Soviet tanks and planes. If successful, the player proceeds to the next screen; otherwise, the player has to start the next life back at the hangar, with the clock still ticking. However, should the player have spare spaceplanes parked outside the space station, the game continues with a new life on the current screen, skipping the flight from space station to the launch site. The decision to launch more than a single spaceplane first may therefore save time if the player later loses a life.

The final part of this stage involves destroying the missile silo while avoiding Soviet planes trying to shoot down the player. Destroying the primary missile silo in the center before the missile lands will thwart the attack. Destroying the secondary silos on either side of the primary earns extra lives and points.

The Soviets launched a total of four missile attacks, from Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, and Saratov, all of which must be stopped in the same manner as the first. After the fourth launch, the player progresses to the second stage of the game.

Second stage
The pilots become foot soldiers and are placed outside the front facade of the "Defence Centre", depicted as the State Historical Museum. Using a mortar they must blast open the correct door to the facility, randomly chosen from five available. Bonus points can be gained from this section by destroying parts of the building and defeating the troops stationed there. Once the door is open, the soldiers make their way to the nuclear reactor, and the final stage of the game.

Third stage
In this stage, the player has to destroy maintenance robots that feed coolant into the reactor. The number of robots is determined by the difficulty level chosen by the player. The player is provided with several disc grenades that he throws at the robot, which is moving and firing at him the entire time. The robot is reinforced at the front, so the only way to do any damage is to bounce the discs off the wall and hit the robot in the back. As the number of discs is limited, the player should attempt to catch returning discs that missed the robot. To complete the game, all robots must be defeated, the final one within a two-minute time limit. If the robot is not destroyed within the limit the game is still considered complete, but with no survivors.

Releases
The game was first published for the Commodore 64 with Amstrad CPC, Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, BBC Micro, and ZX Spectrum versions following. Upon reissue the game was retitled to Raid.

An Amiga port was in development in the late 1980s but was canceled along with Beach Head and Beach Head II: The Dictator Strikes Back when the developers were unable to secure a deal with the publisher, U.S. Gold. According to the graphical artist Adrian Cummings, the graphics were at that point "99.9% complete". However, the coding was barely started. An Amiga port was finally released in 2020 by Reimagine Games, with programming by Erik Hogan who started from scratch to create this new conversion.

The Commodore Plus/4 received a conversion of the game in 2022.

Raid Over Moscow and Beach-Head were major inspirations for the Commodore 64 game Terrestrial to be published in 2023. The hangar, satellite map, shield generator, and reactor battle sequences of Terrestrial were directly inspired by Raid Over Moscow.

Reception
Raid over Moscow was Access' second best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987, after Beach-Head. The game received generally positive reviews. Computer and Video Games praised the graphics and sound of the Commodore 64 version, while Crash gave the ZX Spectrum version an overall score of 92%. The theme of the game, nuclear war, was subject to questioning, however, with Computer and Video Games publishing several letters from readers arguing for and against its publication.

Unauthorized copies of Raid on Moscow circulated widely in East Germany during the 1980s, despite the Stasi describing it as among those games having "a particularly militaristic and inhumane nature". The West German Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons added the game to its index in 1985, stating that "In older adolescents, playing (...) can lead to physical tension, anger, aggressiveness, agitated thinking, difficulty concentrating, headaches, etc." The ban automatically ended in 2010.

Political crisis in Finland
The game was shortly presented in YLE's current affairs television program A-studio on 13 February 1985 after being reviewed by the computer magazine MikroBitti. On 20 February 1985 the leftist newspaper Tiedonantaja published an article which criticized the review and called a ban on all similar "anti-USSR" games. Parliament member Ensio Laine (SKDL) left a parliamentary question for the Finnish government on the next day.

The following days included various discussions between the Finnish foreign ministry and Soviet Union representatives. On 7 March 1985, an unofficial petition was received from the USSR, asking for a ban on various books, articles and other media, including Raid Over Moscow, which were supposed to purport a distorted view on the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, on 14 March 1985, the Minister of foreign trade Jermu Laine answered the parliamentary question, claiming that the Finnish legislation only allowed to restrict the import of products that constitute a hazard on health. The foreign ministry thus was able to dodge possible claims of Finlandization by referring to unsuitable legislation. Finally, the Minister of foreign affairs Paavo Väyrynen gave an official answer to the petition on 11 April 1985, expressing a friendly attitude towards the USSR and apologizing on behalf of negative publications about the country in the media. The USSR interpreted the game as military propaganda, but settled on the answer.

As a result of the public debate, the game was the top-selling Commodore 64 game in Finland from March to September 1985 according to MikroBitti. The full extent of the affair was unveiled in 2010, when the Finnish foreign ministry memos were declassified.

title: Raid over Moscow


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User:Arbor/Notes for Race and intelligence

This is an experimental note page. This is supposed to live on the bottom of Race and intelligence. It doesn't, the backlinks (after the footnote number) don't work. Sue me.


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Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway

Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway can refer to:
 * The portion of Interstate 5 in Oregon
 * The portion of Interstate 70 in Frederick County, Maryland
 * The portion of Interstate 287 in New Jersey
 * The portion of U.S. Route 51 in Wisconsin
 * The toll portion of Delaware Route 1
 * The portion of California State Route 58 in Kern County
 * New York State Route 59
 * The portion of M-82 from Newaygo to Howard City, Michigan

title: Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway


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Charnock Richard MSA

Charnock Richard Services is a motorway service area between Junctions 27 and 28 of the M6 in England. The services are in the Lancashire borough of Chorley and were the first on the M6 when they opened in 1963. Originally operated by Trust House Forte, the services are currently operated by Welcome Break.

History
In August 1961 the contract was awarded to Motorway Services, owned by Blue Star Garages and Forte. The nearby 29 mile £24m section of M6 opened on Monday 29 July 1963, from Preston to Lymm, making the M6 now 65 miles. It was the first motorway service area to have a restaurant on the bridge over the motorway. The Thelwall Viaduct opened on the same day. The motorway section largely replaced the A49, which passed north-south next to the services. Background music was supplied by Moodmaster of Romford.

Another service area on the 29 mile section was planned for Newton le Willows, to the north-east of the town, which is now part-built, with a signpost for 'Works unit'; the services was to have been called Haydock Park services.

Keele services was an exact copy of Charnock Richard; Keele opened on Friday 15 November 1963.

Design
The services complex was designed by Terence Verity of Verity Associates.

The fast-food restaurants are located on the bridge over the motorway, rather than restaurants on each side. The bridge restaurant, which had been converted to a Little Chef, was removed in the late 1990s and replaced with Burger King and KFC units at opposite ends of the bridge with a seating area in the middle. This layout remains the same today.

The southbound side has an unusual layout for motorway service areas in the UK, insofar as the fuel forecourt is sited at the top of the entry slip road, on arrival at the complex. The more commonly used layout places the fuel forecourt as the last facility before motorists rejoin the motorway. The design of motorway service areas was still experimental at the time the site was built in the early 1960s, and this arrangement was not repeated.

Satisfaction
The 2019 Motorway Services User Survey found that the southbound side of Charnock Richard was in the worst five motorway services in the United Kingdom for customer satisfaction.

The 2022 Transport Focus survey calculated a 93% satisfaction score for the northbound services and 83% for the southbound services, making it the third-worst in the UK.

title: Charnock Richard MSA


text:
Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz

Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Baz (عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن باز; 21 November 1912 – 13 May 1999), popularly known as Bin Baz or Ibn Baz, was a Saudi Arabian Islamic scholar who served as the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1993 until his death in 1999 (1420AH). According to French political scientist Gilles Kepel, ibn Baz was a "figurehead" whose "immense religious erudition and his reputation for intransigence" gave him prestige among the population of Saudi Arabia. He "could reinforce the Saud family's policies through his influence with the masses of believers".

Ibn Baz issued a fatwa authorising a wealth tax to support the Mujahideen during the anti-Soviet jihad. His endorsement of In Defence of Muslim Lands, principally written by Abdullah Azzam, was a powerful influence in the successful call for jihad against the Soviet Union. It is said to be the first official call for jihad by a nation state against another nation state in modern times.

Early life
Ibn Baz was born in the city of Riyadh during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah in 1912 to a family with a reputation for their interest in Islam. His father died when he was only three. By the time he was thirteen, he had begun working, selling clothing with his brother in a market. He also took lessons in the Qur'an, hadith, fiqh, and tafsir, with the man who would precede him as the country's top religious official, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh.

In 1927, when he was sixteen, he started losing his eyesight after a serious infection in his eyes. By the time he was twenty, he had totally lost his sight and had become blind. At that time, Saudi Arabia lacked a modern university system. Ibn Baz received a traditional education in Islamic literature with Islamic scholars.

Career
He held a number of posts and responsibilities, such as:
 * Judge of Al Kharj district upon the recommendation of Muhammad ibn 'Abdul-Lateef Al ash-Shaikh from 1938 to 1951.
 * In 1992 he was appointed Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia and Head of the Council of Senior Scholars and was granted presidency of the administration for Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta.
 * President and member of the Constituent Assembly of the Muslim World League.

In 1981 he was awarded the King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam. He was the only Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia not to come from the Al ash-Sheikh family.

Ibn Bāz wrote more than sixty works over the course of his career on subjects including the hadith, tafsir, Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, Tawheed, fiqh, salat, zakat, dawah, Hajj and Umrah.

He also authored a criticism of the concept of nationhood.

Activism
Ibn Bāz had undertaken a number of charitable and similar activities such as:
 * His support for dawah organisations and Islamic centres in many parts of the world.
 * The popular radio program, Nurun Ala Darb ("light on the path"), in which he discussed current issues and answered questions from listeners as well as providing fatwa if needed.
 * Ibn Baz urged donations be given to the Taliban in Afghanistan, who in the late 1990s were seen by many Saudis as "pure, young Salafi warriors" fighting against destructive warlords.

Ibn Bāz was a prolific speaker, both in public and privately at his mosque. He also used to invite people after Isha prayer to share a meal with him.

Ibn Bāz was among the Muslim scholars who opposed regime change using violence. He called for obedience to the people in power unless they ordered something that went against God.

During his career as the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia, he attempted to both legitimise the rule of the ruling family and to support calls for the reform of Islam in line with Salafi ideals. Many criticised him for supporting the Saudi government when, after the Persian Gulf War, it muzzled or imprisoned those regarded as too critical of the government, such as Safar al-Hawali and Salman al-Ouda. His influence on the Salafi movement was large, and most of the current prominent judges and religious scholars in Saudi Arabia are his former students.

Personal life
His wives and children lived in the Shumaysi neighbourhood of Riyadh in "a little cluster of modern two-story buildings". Like all senior Saudi clerics, his home was a gift from a wealthy benefactor or a religious foundation for his distinguished religious work.

Death
On Thursday morning, 13 May 1999, Ibn Bāz died at the age of 86. He was buried in Al Adl cemetery, Mecca.

King Fahd issued a decree appointing Abdul-Azeez ibn Abdullaah Aal ash-Shaikh as the new Grand Mufti after Ibn Bāz's death.

Controversies
His obituary in The Independent said "His views and fatwas (religious rulings) were controversial, condemned by militants, liberals and progressives alike". He was also criticised by hardline Salafi jihadists for supporting the decision to permit U.S. troops to be stationed in Saudi Arabia in 1991.

Cosmology
In 1966, when Ibn Baz was vice-president of the Islamic University of Medina, he wrote an article denouncing Riyadh University for teaching the "falsehood" that the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. In his article, Ibn Baz claimed that the Sun orbited the Earth, and that "the earth is fixed and stable, spread out by God for mankind and made a bed and cradle for them, fixed down by mountains lest it shake". As a result of the publication of his first article, Ibn Baz was ridiculed by Egyptian journalists as an example of Saudi primitiveness, and King Faisal was reportedly so angered by the first article that he ordered the destruction of every unsold copy of the two papers that had published it. In 1982 Ibn Baz published a book, Al-adilla al-naqliyya wa al-ḥissiyya ʿala imkān al-ṣuʾūd ila al-kawākib wa ʾala jarayān al-shams wa al-qamar wa sukūn al-arḍ ("Treatise on the textual and rational proofs of the rotation of the sun and the motionlessness of the earth and the possibility of ascension to other planets"). In it, he republished the 1966 article, together with a second article on the same subject written later in 1966, and repeated his belief that the Sun orbited the Earth. In 1985, he changed his mind concerning the rotation of the Earth (and, according to Lacey, ceased to assert its flatness), when Prince Sultan bin Salman returned home after a week aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery to tell him that he had seen the Earth rotate.

In addition, there was controversy concerning the nature of the takfir (the act of declaring other Muslims to be kafir or unbelievers) which it was claimed Ibn Baz had pronounced. According to Malise Ruthven, he threatened all who did not accept his "pre-Copernican" views with a fatwa, declaring them infidels. Ibn Baz wrote a letter to a magazine in 1966 responding to similar accusations:

"I only deemed it lawful to kill whoever claims that the sun is static (thābita la jāriya) and refuses to repent of this after clarification. This is because denying the circulation of the sun constitutes a denial of Allah (Glorified be He), His Great Book, and His Honourable Messenger. It is well established in the Din (religion of Islam) by way of decisive evidence and Ijma' (consensus) of scholars that whoever denies Allah, His Messenger or His Book is a Kafir (disbeliever), and their blood and wealth become violable. It is the duty of the responsible authority to ask them to repent of this; either they repent or be executed. Thanks to Allah that this issue is not debatable among scholars."

Ibn Baz's second article written in 1966 also responded to similar accusations:

"I did not declare those who believe that the earth rotates to be infidels, nor those who believe that the sun moving around itself, but I do so for those who say that the sun is static and does not move (thābita la jāriya), which is in my last article. Whoever says so being an infidel is obvious from the Quran and the Sunnah, because God almighty says: 'And the sun runs on (tajri) to a term appointed for it' ... As for saying that the Sun is fixed in one position but still moving around itself, ..., I did not deal with this issue in my first article, nor have I declared as infidel anyone who says so. Western writers subsequently have drawn parallels between their perception of Ibn Baz and the trial of Galileo by the Catholic Church in the 16th century."

Ibn Baz is often said to have believed that the Earth was flat. Author Robert Lacey says that Ibn Baz gave an interview "in which he mused on how we operate day to day on the basis that the ground beneath us is flat ... and it led him to the belief that he was not afraid to voice and for which he became notorious." Though satirized for his belief, "the sheikh was unrepentant. If Muslims chose to believe the world was round, that was their business, he said, and he would not quarrel with them religiously. But he was inclined to trust what he felt beneath his feet rather than the statements of scientists he did not know." According to Lacey, Ibn Baz changed his mind about the earth's flatness after talking to Prince Sultan bin Salman Al Saud who had spent time in a space shuttle flight in 1985.

However, Malise Ruthven and others state that it is incorrect to report that Ibn Baz believed "the earth is flat" Professor Werner Ende, a German expert on Ibn Baz's fatwas, states he has never asserted this. Abd al-Wahhâb al-Turayrî calls those that attribute the flat earth view to Ibn Baz "rumour mongers". He points out that Ibn Baz issued a fatwa declaring that the Earth is round, and, indeed, in 1966 Ibn Baz wrote "The quotation I cited [in his original article] from the speech of the great scholar Ibn Al-Qayyim (may Allah be merciful to him) includes proof that the earth is round."

Lacey quotes a fatwa by Ibn Baz urging caution towards claims that the Americans had landed on the Moon. "We must make careful checks whenever the kuffar [unbelievers] or faseqoon [immoral folk] tell us something: we cannot believe or disbelieve them until we get sufficient proof on which the Muslims can depend."

Grand Mosque takeover
Ibn Baz has been associated with some members of the 20 November–4 December 1979 takeover of the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) in Mecca. The two-week-long armed takeover left over 250 dead, including hostages taken by the militants. According to interviews taken by author Robert Lacey, the militants, led by Juhayman al-Otaybi, were known as Al-Ikhwan (named after the Ikhwan army that which Juhayman's father served in or the hostel, Beit al-Ikhwan, in which Juhayman lived in). Al-Ikhwan were former students of Ibn Baz and other high ulema under the Al-Jama'a Al-Salafiya Al-Muhtasiba (literally, the Salafi Group that Commands Right and Forbids Wrong"), before breaking off from the group due to their extremism and militantism. Juhayman declared his brother-in-law, Mohammed al-Qahtani, to be the Mahdi. The Mabahith (secret police) of the Minister of Interior, Prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, had identified Mohammed al-Qahtani and a number of the Ikhwan as troublemakers. They had them imprisoned months before—only to release them at the request of Sheikh Ibn Baz.

Islam forbids any violence within the Grand Mosque. Ibn Baz found himself in a delicate situation, especially as he had previously taught al-Otaybi in Medina. The situation was compounded and complicated by the fact that the Saudi Government found itself unprepared and incapable of dislodging the militants from the Mosque. They asked for outside assistance from the French GIGN and Pakistani SSG. Non-Muslims are not permitted within the Meccan city limits, let alone the Grand Mosque.

When asked for a fatwa by the Government to condemn the militants, the language of Ibn Baz and other senior ulama "was curiously restrained". The invaders of the Masjid al-Haram were not declared non-Muslims, despite their killings and violation of the sanctity of the Masjid, but only called "al-jamaah al-musallahah" (the armed group). Regardless, the ulema issued a fatwa allowing deadly force to be used in retaking the mosque. The senior scholars also insisted that before security forces attack them, the authorities must offer the option "to surrender and lay down their arms".

Women's rights
Ibn Baz has been described as having inflexible attitudes towards women and being a bulwark against the expansion of rights for women. Commenting on the Sharia rule that the testimony in court of one woman was insufficient, Ibn Baz said: "The Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) explained that their shortcoming in reasoning is found in the fact that their memory is weak and that their witness is in need of another woman to corroborate it." He also issued a fatwa against women driving cars, which in the West may have been his most well known ruling. He declared: "Depravity leads to the innocent and pure women being accused of indecencies. Allah has laid down one of the harshest punishments for such an act to protect society from the spreading of the causes of depravity. Women driving cars, however, is one of the causes that lead to that."

Persian Gulf War
During the Persian Gulf War Ibn Bāz issued a fatwa allowing the deployment of non-Muslim troops on Saudi Arabian soil to defend the kingdom from the Iraqi army. Some noted that this was in contrast to his opinion in the 1940s when he contradicted the government policy of allowing non-Muslims to be employed on Saudi soil. However, according to The New York Times, his fatwa overruled more radical clerics. In response to criticism, Ibn Baz condemned those who "whisper secretly in their meetings and record their poison over cassettes distributed to the people".

The radical cleric Abdullah el-Faisal ex-communicated (takfir) Ibn Baz, declaring him an apostate who died unrepentant.

Criticism of Osama bin Laden
According to his obituary in The Independent, Ibn Baz held ultra-conservative views and strongly maintained the puritan and non-compromising traditions of Wahhabism. However, his political views were not strict enough for Osama bin Laden who condemned Ibn Baz for "his weakness and flexibility and the ease of influencing him with the various means which the interior ministry practises". Ibn Baz was the subject of Osama bin Laden's first public pronouncement intended for the general Muslim public. This little open letter condescendingly criticized him for endorsing the Oslo peace accord between the PLO and Israeli government. Ibn Baz defended his decision to endorse the Oslo Accords by citing the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, saying that a peace treaty with non-Muslims has historical precedent if it can avoid the loss of life.

Ibn Baz deemed it mandatory to destroy media that promoted Bin Laden's views, and declared that it was forbidden for anyone to co-operate with him. He wrote:

"...It is obligatory to destroy and annihilate these publications that have emanated from al-Faqeeh, or from al-Mas'aree, or from others of the callers of falsehood (bin Laden and those like him), and not to be lenient towards them. And it is obligatory to advise them, to guide them towards the truth, and to warn them against this falsehood. It is not permissible for anyone to co-operate with them in this evil. And it is obligatory upon them to be sincere and to come back to guidance and to leave alone and abandon this falsehood. So my advice to al-Mas'aree, al-Faqeeh and Bin Laden and all those who traverse their ways is to leave alone this disastrous path, and to fear Allah and to beware of His vengeance and His Anger, and to return to guidance and to repent to Allah for whatever has preceded from them. And Allah, Glorified, has promised His repentant servants that He will accept their repentance and be good to them. So Allah the Glorified said: 'Say, 'O My servants who have transgressed against themselves. Do not despair of the Mercy of Allah; verily, Allah forgives all sins.' Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.' [39:53]."

Antisemitism and Anti-Christian sentiment
When asked whether it is permissible to curse the Jews, Ibn Baz responded, "Yes. Curse them. May Allah curse the Jews and may Allah curse the Christians, and may Allah curse the disbelievers the same as the Prophet (PBUH) cursed them."

Works

 * The Correct Islamic Aqeedah and what opposes it
 * Important Lessons for Every Muslim
 * Hajj, Umrah and Ziyarah
 * The Prophet's Manner of Performing
 * Essential Lessons For Every Muslim
 * Words of Advice Regarding Da'wah
 * Knowledge
 * Treaties on Zakat & Fasting
 * The Rule on Those Who Seek Help In Other Than Allah

title: Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Studio elves

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Studio elves
Delete non-notable neologism. Returns only 24 hits on Google. Icelight 20:12, July 13, 2005 (UTC) Speedy Keep Have heard the term used many times on campus radio.
 * Delete neologism--nixie 04:26, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, unverifiable. Dcarrano 05:29, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable phrase. JamesBurns 08:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Frederick II of Sicily

Frederick II of Sicily may refer to:

 * Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194–1250), who technically was Frederick I of Sicily but the regnal number II was used of him throughout his various realms
 * Frederick III of Sicily (1272–1337), who technically was Frederick II but used Frederick III

title: Frederick II of Sicily


text:
Talk:Brian O'Driscoll

Untitled
I think that the reference to the "illegal spear tackle" should be removed from the Brian O'Driscoll entry as the laws of Rugby Union do not define or mention a "spear tackle". The laws of the game are  available for anyone to read, I think that it's inflamatory and incorrect to refer to the tackle as illegal. Just so you know I'm Irish and a rugby player.
 * I guess the rules don't define or mention a spear tackle because that kind of contact is beyond the rules, no less than punches, karate chops or taser stuns; they could all come under the Old Testament heading of DO NOT PARALYSE. On seeing the TV replay of the O'Driscoll tackle - paying especial attention to Umaga's left-hand gesture before the lift - shouldn't you have shouted NO! shtove 02:05, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

"However, both All Black players were criticised for what most fans and commentators consider a dishonourable 'spear tackle'" - I'm not sure about the use of "most" here. "Most" Northern Hemisphere fans and commentators probably, but I think the general view among NZ fans and commentators was rather different? Rhion 12:47, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Tana Umaga
TU's page has a lot of background history, while BOD's seems obsessed with The Tackle. Those in the know, please fill out O'Driscoll's history, especially his record in internationals of scoring "you wha?" tries and ripping balls out of tackles - then hit the NZ/Umaga sites with certain edits. Those feckers will soon be here. shtove 01:15, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Rowlan 22:29, 28 November 2005 (UTC) agrees with you completely. Let the Spearing incident rest and let Umaga and O'Driscoll settle their score when the pair meet on the pitch.  They're both top class players, probably the two best #13's ever.

Image
Whilst its a good image. (the one with both girls) I highly doubt that it is promotional material. Unless it can be verified it will be deleted sooner or later. Forever young 16:00, 18 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Why are they blowing air into his head, like a balloon?--shtove 20:15, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

The image of his lions diary book cover, Image:Brian ODriscolls Lions Diary.jpg, I don't think it qualifies as fair use in this article. However, I did some searching, and the image found here:

http://www.rbs.com/media03.asp?id=MEDIA_CENTRE/PRESS_RELEASES/2006/JANUARY/25_TRIPLE_CROWN

will be okay as it is from an official press release, just some trimming of the photo around the mans head will be required. Comments? --Bob 06:51, 20 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not an expert on this kinda of thing. I imagine that if the book is discussed in the article then it will be fair use. If not, then prob not. The photo will be good, if it's cropped how will it look? - Shudda   talk  06:19, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Press release photos are still copyrighted and are not freely licensed. You'd have to claim fair use and give your reasons. WP:FU states that "An image of a living person that merely shows what they look like would almost certainly not be fair use under Wikipedia's policy". Alexj2002 15:24, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced statement
I have removed "So severe was the injury that medical personnel required half an hour to put the joint back in place." because it's not referenced. I've spent quite a bit of time trying to find a ref for it without success. The only stuff I found was posted on blogs and discussion forums, so I've removed the statement. - Shudda   talk  03:12, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Life Off the Pitch
There was an article about him in the Sunday Independent recently about how intrusive the media were in his personal life. Not sure if we should mention about him currently dating Amy Huberman or give this page any publicity as it is clearly intrusive - if we agree am happy that link is removed - http://www.showbizireland.com/news/march07/01-odriscoll01.shtml Sissco 14:05, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Do you mean we should remove any information on his personal life? I don't think we should, as long as what is in the page is accurate and not libellous then it can remain. There doesn't seem to be undue weight given to his private life either; only a couple of sentences. - Shudda   talk  22:15, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Blackrock College
Does O'Driscoll still play domestically for Blackrock College? I'm not hugely up to speed on how the Irish domestic structure works but I thoguht since the introduction of the Celtic League players have played only for their provinces. I looked at the Blackrock College RFC website and everything about it made it seem like an amateur rugby club, not the sort of club the best centre in the world plys his trade... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.32.11.115 (talk)

 * I Think you are right. I'm not 100% sure how the regionlisation system works in Ireland either. If it's like here in NZ though he would still be with the club, but almost never play for them, and it would be an amateur club. - Shudda   talk  22:47, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right, he's still affiliated with the club, but hasn't played in years. When he played for the Barbarians a few years ago, he wore his Blackrock socks. Deco16-10 15:23, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

It is talking about Balckrock College the school not the club. He is with ucd at club level —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.43.162.198 (talk) 22:37, 23 May 2009 (UTC)

 * All Ireland squad announcements have Brian O'Driscoll credited as being attached to UCD. All Irish players have this dual attachment. In fact most overseas players contracted with the provincial set-ups are attached at least nominally to a club. However I have a query - I seem to recall that Irish squad sheets gave BODs club as Clontarf, am I hallucinating or has his affiliation changed?  --Gramscis cousinTalkStalk 12:20, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

Incorrect Translation of Middle Name
Irish translation of Gerald is listed on main page as Gearoid - which is infact Gerard. Gerald is Gearalt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.146.9.59 (talk) 20:09, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

Incorrect: Gerald/Gerard is the modern English name for modern Irish Gearóid.86.44.34.19 (talk) 13:35, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Not sure where you're getting your sources there? Gerald and Gerard are different names in both languages both modern and historically. Also your use of the word modern? What do you mean by this? Are you also aware that the Norman/Irish surname (most definitely not modern) of Mac Gearailt translates as FitzGerald in English? Not FitzGerard. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.140.161.83 (talk) 21:39, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Seems correct Gerard/Gerald are not the same name so logically would have different translations in both languages: Gerard is a male forename of Germanic origin. Like many other early Germanic names, it is dithematic, consisting of two meaningful constituents put together. In this case, those constituents are 'ger' (meaning 'spear') and 'hard' (meaning 'hard/strong/brave'). The meaning of the name is thus 'strong/brave with the spear'. The name Gerald, while phonetically similar to Gerard, derives from a slightly different set of constituents, 'ger' and 'wald'. Its meaning is 'rule of the spear'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.149.97.85 (talk) 07:50, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Lede
I feel the lede is too long and most of the information could be moved to the relevant section of the article. I will make stab at a rewrite in the coming days. --BwB (talk) 12:03, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Try table
I have put the try table into a seperate article - List of international rugby union tries by Brian O'Driscoll. I have made the table sortable and just generally improved it. I was a bit unsure over the title - it seems a bit long but I suppose it doesn't matter too much. Mr.Apples2010 (talk) 22:18, 2 June 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Brian O'Driscoll


text:
Šako Polumenta

Sakib "Šako" Polumenta (born 27 March 1968) is a Montenegrin pop-folk singer popular throughout the former Yugoslav republics.

Personal and early life
Polumenta was born into a Bosniak family in Bijelo Polje, a municipality of northern Montenegro (then part of Yugoslavia).

He is married with Vesna, whom he has been in a relationship for 15 years (as of 2013).

He has a daughter, Rijalda (b. 1989), who married in 2012.

He is the paternal uncle of well-known singer Dado Polumenta, whose career he helped launch.

At early stage of his career he used to sing in Serbian Ekavian dialect which was uncommon for his homeland Montenegro but that made him gain wide popularity.

Career
He began his career in 1993. He has several housings in Podgorica, Belgrade, Ulcinj. He is often singing in the Belgrade splav (river boat) "River". He is known for combining pop music with traditional Balkan musical styles.

Šakib becomes more famous after sex scandal where he had relationship with younger woman where media researched that she was 16 years old, at that time. It was a huge scandal where he almost lost his career as a pedophile. Later on he was published in Serbian and Montenegrin media as very sloppy singer when his rented apartment was left with garbage in front of his doors for 4 days. He began insulting his neighbours for that, but later on he cleaned the building and garbage.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Ej, sudbino (1993)
 * Skitnica (1995)
 * Hej, ženo (1997)
 * Aman, aman (1999)
 * Od ljubavi oslepeo (2000)
 * Dišem za tebe (2002)
 * Uvijek blizu (2004)
 * Karta za budućnost (2006)
 * Sanjao sam san... (2008)
 * Heroj... (2011)
 * Sve je samo tren (2015)

 * As featured artist
 * Gde god pođem tebi idem (2006) with Stoja on her album, Metak

title: Šako Polumenta