text:
Murder, Inc. (band)

Murder, Inc. was an American industrial music supergroup formed in 1991, featuring vocalist Chris Connelly, Killing Joke members Geordie Walker, Paul Raven, "Big Paul" Ferguson, John Bechdel, and former Public Image Ltd drummer Martin Atkins.

Formation
Martin Atkins joined Killing Joke as their drummer and later their manager in 1990. The band recorded the 1990 album Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions after which they parted ways with singer Jaz Coleman. Keeping the line-up of Killing Joke (minus Coleman) together, Atkins formed Murder, Inc., recruiting Chris Connelly (who had worked with Ministry amongst others) to replace Coleman and former Killing Joke member Paul Ferguson as a second drummer.

The band released their debut EP, Corpuscle, which featured tracks remixed by J. G. Thirlwell, in 1991 followed by their eponymous album in 1992. The album was recorded by Steve Albini who had already worked with Atkins on the Pigface album Gub and with Connelly on his album Whiplash Boychild. The band played five live dates before disbanding later in 1992, due to "internal squabbles".

In 1998 Connelly, Atkins, and Walker reconvened and formed another industrial supergroup with Jah Wobble called The Damage Manual.

Personnel

 * Martin Atkins – drums
 * John Bechdel – keyboards
 * Chris Connelly – vocals
 * Paul Ferguson – drums
 * Paul Raven – bass
 * Geordie Walker – guitar

Discography

 * Corpuscle (EP, 1992)
 * Murder, Inc. (1992, Invisible Records / re-released in 1993 with altered track listing through Futurist Records)
 * Locate Subvert Terminate – The Complete Murder, Inc. (collection album, 1999)

title: Murder, Inc. (band)


text:
Tanikaze Kajinosuke

Tanikaze Kajinosuke (谷風梶之助) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from the Edo period. Officially recognized as the fourth yokozuna, he was however effectively the first, as he was the first (along with Onogawa) to be awarded the title during his lifetime. He achieved great fame and, though championships from this period are unofficial, he achieved the equivalent of 21 tournament championships. He was also the coach of Raiden Tameemon.

Early career
Tanikaze was born Kaneko Yoshirō (金子 与四郎) in Miyagi District, Mutsu Province (now Wakabayashi, Sendai). He was known for having an outstanding physique from an early age and became an apprentice of a wrestler named Sekinoto in 1768. Later Sekinoto inherited the name Isenoumi. With a height of 189 cm and a weight of 169 kg, Tanikaze was extremely large in comparison with most Japanese men of his era. In April of the following year, he went to Edo-sumo and was given the shikona, or ring name, Tatsugaseki (達ヶ関) by the Date clan. He briefly held the title of kanban-ōzeki (看板大関), 'guest ōzeki'. Kanban-ōzeki were sumo wrestlers who were listed as ōzeki in the ranking simply because they were big and good-looking enough to briefly fill a gap when an official ōzeki was absent. The real talents were below the sekiwake rank, and the ōzeki rarely wrestled, and if they did, it was only against other kanban-ōzeki or lower-ranked rikishi. Most of the kanban-ōzeki disappeared after Tanikaze career peak. Tanikaze was recognised for his ability and had to relinquish his title, dropping to maegashira, from where he retained his san'yaku rank on merit. In 1776, he changed his ring name to Tanikaze Kajinosuke (谷風 梶之助), starting with the May 1776 Osaka tournament.

Winning streak
From March 1778 to February 1782, Tanikaze scored 63 consecutive victories. During this period, he only lost one bout to Onogawa Kisaburō in February 1782. This streak was recorded as the longest run of consecutive victories in sumo bouts at that time. This record remained unbroken until Futabayama, 150 years later, who scored 69 consecutive victories in 1938. At the time however, rikishi travelled freely between Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, and performed at each tournament. Although Tanikaze wrestled in other cities and gained a record of 98 consecutive wins, his official record for consecutive victories generally refers to '63 consecutive victories in the Edo main tournament'. After losing to Onogawa, Tanikaze won another 43 consecutive victories in a row.

Yokozuna
On November 19, 1789, he and Onogawa were granted a special yokozuna license by the Yoshida family. He also became one of the first two sumo wrestlers to be allowed to perform a yokozuna dohyō-iri. At the time of his promotion, he and Onogawa were ranked as sekiwake. At the time, the rank of yokozuna was more of an honorary title and wrestlers weren't designated as such in the banzuke, or ranking sheet, hence explaining why the two wrestlers are promoted while being ranked at sekiwake. Officially Tanikaze is recorded as being the 4th yokozuna in sumo history but is effectively the first, as the first three were awarded the title posthumously.

Death and posthumous influence
On 9 January 1795, Tanikaze contracted influenza, which spread throughout Edo, and died suddenly at the age of 44 while still active. The wrestler who succeeded Tanikaze as ōzeki was Raiden Tameemon, who was an apprentice of Tanikaze. He was on another winning streak of 35 bouts at the time of his death, making him a leading figure of sumo during the Tenmei and Kansei eras. In the top makuuchi division, Tanikaze won 258 bouts and lost only 14 bouts, achieving a winning percentage of 94.9. Tanikaze was buried in his hometown of Wakabayashi, Sendai and his tomb serves as a monument in a residential area. The Tanikaze shikona became a prestigious name in the Edo-sumo association and several wrestlers were given the opportunity to take it, but all declined. Today, the name is said to be tome-na (とめ‐な), meaning that it is a name which is no longer allowed to be used. Tanikaze was a very popular rikishi. Unlike other wrestlers of his day, many nishiki-e portraits and images of him participating in bouts still remain.

Fighting style
Tanikaze's reputation at the time was that he had a great strength. He is frequently described as an expert in sumo, short in the waist and quick in the stride, with a strong back and quick feet.

Family
He had a younger brother, Dategaseki Moriemon (1756-1807), who was also a sumo wrestler and reached the top division himself in 1791. They were the second pair of brothers in sumo history to both reach makuuchi.

Homage
Tanikaze is the wrestler chosen to represent sumo in the popular nishiki-e 'The three pleasures of Edo', representing the three most popular entertainments at the time (sumo, kabuki and yoshiwara).

Tanikaze makes an appearance in the Record of Ragnarok manga series, where he appears on flashbacks at the time of his retirement and cheers on Raiden during his fight.

Top division record

 * The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.
 * Tanikaze's first three tournaments were as a "guest" ōzeki, see above.
 * Tanikaze's record for the Spring 1776 tournament is unknown.

''*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament, and the unofficial championships above are historically conferred. For more information, see yūshō.''

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tanikaze Kajinosuke


text:
User talk:Anthrichiru

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 00:49, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Anthrichiru


text:
User talk:Uopjosh

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Uopjosh


text:
User talk:Lord Loss

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Lord Loss


text:
Leudelange

Leudelange (Leideleng; Leudelingen) is a commune and town in south-western Luxembourg. It is situated in the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette.

, the town of Leudelange, which lies in the centre of the commune, had a population of 2,780.

Leudelange was formed on 1 July 1856, when it was detached from the commune of Reckange-sur-Mess. The law forming Leudelange was passed on the 3 March 1856.

Notable people

 * Norbert Sinner (1907–1945); a Luxembourgish cyclist, competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics; executed for Nazi collaboration
 * Gilles Müller (born 1983), a professional tennis player

title: Leudelange


text:
User talk:68.71.240.179

Please do not add commercial links or links to your own private websites to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.71.240.179


text:
Inverted U

Inverted U may refer to:

 * Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis, an economic theory describing the relationship between collective bargaining and employment
 * Kuznets curve, an economic theory describing the relationship between income per capita and wealth inequity
 * Yerkes–Dodson law, a concept in psychology, describing the relationship between arousal and performance
 * ∩ (U+2229 in Unicode); also $$\cap$$, the mathematical symbol for Intersection (set theory)
 * A shape used to describe narrative structure, specifically the shape for a tragedy

title: Inverted U


text:
User talk:Emeng

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Emeng


text:
User talk:Willlow

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Gblaz 00:51, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
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Orphaned non-free media (File:Noise Industries.png)
Thanks for uploading File:Noise Industries.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Hazard-Bot (talk) 04:01, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Willlow


text:
Puerto Iguazú

Puerto Iguazú is a border city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. With a population of 82,227 , it is the fourth largest city in the Province, after Posadas, Oberá, and Eldorado.

The world-renowned Iguazú Falls are only 18 km away from the city, and as a result the city has developed much of its infrastructure around tourism.

History
Spanish explorer Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca became, in 1542, the first European to discover what are now called Iguazú Falls. He was drawn by the noise of the water, which can be heard at a distance of several kilometers. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the Guaraní people were the principal inhabitants of the area.

Despite its early exploration, the area remained occupied only by the Guaraní Indians until 1880. Corrientes Province, which at that time included what is now Misiones, sold 50 square leagues (13000 km2) at the current site of Puerto Iguazú near the falls in 1881. The land changed hands three times in the course of just two years, and ended up as the property of Gregorio Lezama. At that time Misiones separated from Corrientes. Lezama funded a scientific expedition to explore the territory, enlisting Carlos Bosetti and Jordan Hummel for that purpose. Those two explorers later organized the first tourist trip to the falls; Lezama sold the land in 1888 to Martín Errecaborde and Company.

Territorial Governor Rudecindo Roca established Iguazú Department, one of 5 initial subdivisions in Misiones, in 1882. A Justice of the Peace, Alberto Mujica, was assigned to the area in 1897. The firm of Gibaja y Núñez opened the town's first hotel at this time to serve the growing numbers of tourists visiting Iguazú Falls. One of these, Victoria Aguirre, funded the first road into the town in 1901 as well as other civic improvements, and it was in her honor that on September 10, 1902, the settlement was formally established as Puerto Aguirre. A police department (1913), a civil registrar (1916), and a post office (1928) followed.

The Iguazú National Park was established as such by the national government in 1934, and in 1943 the town was renamed Puerto Iguazú. The Tancredo Neves Bridge, connecting the city with neighboring Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil), was opened in 1985.

Climate
Puerto Iguazú has a Humid Subtropical climate (Cfa according to Köppen climate classification). Temperatures are warm in winter and hot in summer. There is no dry season and rainfall is abundant with every month receiving over 100 mm of rain and the wettest month, November, receiving over 200 mm of rain on average. Precipitation falls mostly during convective storms. Due to abundant rainfall, rainforests surrounds Puerto Iguazú.

The hot season lasts for up to 6 months or more, with temperatures reaching between 30 and 35 °C on most days, and dropping to 18 to 24 °C at night. Thunderstorms with heavy rains bring relief when the heat becomes too intense. The cool season runs from late April to mid September, with daily highs reaching an average of 21 °C and a low of 11 °C in June. These averages are reached through an alternating weather pattern, with several days with northerly winds and temperatures of around 28 °C or higher and warm nights over 15 °C giving way, in a very sudden manner, to cool, rainy weather and temperatures between 10 and 15 C for a few days, then to dry, sunny weather and colder nights (around 5 °C, or 41F, and sometimes much lower) and pleasant days in the 15 to 20 C range, and a gradual increase in temperatures as winds rotate to the north again. Frost is rare but does occur on some winters, and temperatures within a few degrees of freezing occur every winter. The record low is -4.9 °C, a surprisingly low value given the latitude, the vegetation and the low elevation of the area.

Temperatures above 40 °C have been recorded in the spring and summer.

Economy
The economy is centered around tourism: the city's many hotels provide the principal source of jobs for its inhabitants. Many international hotels have been and are being constructed along the banks of the Iguazú River.

Apart from the Iguazú Falls, other tourist attractions of the area include Three Frontiers, where the Argentine, Paraguayan and Brazilian borders meet. Puerto Iguazú is home to an active community of artisans, the La Aripuca resort, the Museum of Images of the Jungle (a collection of woodcarvings), the Mbororé Museum, the Luis Honorio Rolón Municipal Nature Park, the Güira Oga Center for Bird Rehabilitation, the Hotel Esturión, the Iguazú Grand Hotel and Casino, the Amérian Portal del Iguazú, and, south of Puerto Iguazú, the Sheraton Iguazú Resort & Spa.

The nearby Wanda Mines attract collectors of gemstones and geodes. Operating since the 1950s, the mines include some of Argentina's best agate, amethyst, quartz and topaz lodes.

Transport
The Tancredo Neves International Bridge links Puerto Iguazú with the Brazilian border town of Foz do Iguaçu, where the Argentine National Route 12 becomes the Brazilian BR-469. From the main bus station one can take taxis, or the municipal bus, one of whose routes run from the Three Frontiers to Iguazú National Park (Parque Nacional de las Cataratas).

The city is served by its own international airport, Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport, as well as by Foz do Iguaçu International Airport on the Brazilian side of the border.

Consular representation
Brazil has a Consulate in Puerto Iguazú.

Ecology
The municipality contains the 12620 ha Iguazú National Reserve, created in 1970. One of the last remnants of the Atlantic Forest remains in and around the Iguazu Falls. This is a subtropical forest with native bamboos and a rich diversity of birds including toucans and hummingbirds. Coatis are accustomed to begging for food from park visitors. Most of the streets of Puerto Iguazu are unmetalled, red dirt, with gutters on either side (canalitos) that have grassy banks in which eels and a variety of freshwater fish, including knifefish (gymnotus) and catfish, inhabit. The canals drain into the Paraná River.

Sister cities

 * Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
 * Presidente Franco, Paraguay

title: Puerto Iguazú


text:
Musa (robot)

MUSA is a robot that can fight using Kendo. It was completed in July 2005 by the Manufacturing & Mechatronics Lab of Seoul National University headed by Professor Young-Bong Bang. MUSA is 163 cm tall and weighs 70 kg.

title: Musa (robot)


text: User talk:69.141.155.193

title: User talk:69.141.155.193


text:
User talk:79123

Hi - I responded on my talk page. We can talk here if you'd rather. -- Rick Block (talk) 00:54, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

An explanation of my erranous point of view. I am sure minds much wiser then mind have put as 2/3 so it must be but I'll try again... Now, suppose I give you 3 cards like the ones you gave me...

 * Card One Card Two Card Three:

Now, you know behind one of them is the ace of spades and two others are the ace of hearts. Now you choose one, there is a 1/3 chance you have the car and 2/3 you got the goat. The host know opens one of the goats.

 * Goat:Card You Choose:Unknown:

So, if the two unknown cards consist of one goat and one car, there is a fifty-fifty percent chance you have choosen the car...Follow? So switching has an equal chance of helping or hindering. Right?

This IS RANDOM JUNK: Did you know that 34.557518999/11 comes out to 3.14159263627 is closer to pi then 22/7 which is 3,14285714286. (there is some 10.(...) that divides to 3.1415926 but I was just playing with my calculater...) Wasn't that random! By the way...PLAY BZFLAG...

 * The issue is what happens when the host opens the door. You agree before the host opens the door there's a 1/3 chance of having picked the car.  How about if we stop the game right there and you never get the chance to switch?  In this case, there's a 1/3 chance of winning, right?  Now let's change it so the host opens a door (like in the real game), but you never get the chance to switch.  Still 1/3, right?  But now there's only 2 unknown doors, and the one you have only wins 1/3 of the time.  Since the car is somewhere, if it's behind the door you choose 1/3 of the time is has to be behind the other door 2/3 of time.   Back to what happens when the host opens the door.  The answer is he's telling you if the car is behind either of the doors you didn't choose (2/3 chance) it's behind THIS one (the one he doesn't open).  He could just point at one of the doors without opening the other one (same effect).  Back to cards.  You deal me one card and keep two.  I have 1/3 chance of having the ace of spades.  You look at your cards (don't discard one) and just say, if I have the ace it's this one (and you're telling the truth).  I still have a 1/3 chance.  There's a 2/3 chance you have it.  If you tell me which card it is, that single card has a 2/3 chance of being it. -- Rick Block (talk) 02:14, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Thers one problem with that though... In your cards and in the game, the host does not tell you that you have the right card..he skips over two cards. Switching will not help you...if he told you switching would but what card you have is unknown.

By the way..Rick, um are you supposed to put a full synopisis of book in an article about it and how do you add the plot or spoiler details template?

 * You've picked a door: 1/3 chance it has the car. If you stay with your door you win the car 1/3 of the time.  There's a 2/3 chance the car is behind one of the doors you didn't pick.  The host tells you (by opening one of the other doors) which of them the car is behind if it is behind either of them.  2/3 of the time the car is behind one of them.  Opening one tells you it is behind the other one.  I have no idea how old you are or how much math you've had.  Do you know what conditional probability is?

 * The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Oz was a featured article. You can see how it was done there.  -- Rick Block (talk) 02:59, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

Finally.. I get it. Thanks for the Wizard of Oz.

 * Anytime. -- Rick Block (talk) 00:46, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

New pages
A few more questions, how do I create new pages and how am I supposed to add links.
 * You might want to try the Tutorial. For starting a page, please see Help:Starting a new page.  To link to an internal page surrond the article name with double square brackets (like the links above).  To link to an external web site, surround the link with single square brackets.  There's a whole page on links in the tutorial, see Tutorial (Wikipedia links). -- Rick Block (talk) 02:49, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Artemis Fowl series
Thank you for all your help. Would you mind looking at the little bit of the Artemis Fowl series I edited. Also, can you tell, if I have an article with the smae name as another, how do I put it on the disambiguation page and how do I make a link to that?
 * I haven't read these books, so I can't really comment on the substance of your changes but from what I see they look fine (although you might want to be a little more careful with your spelling - one way to run a spell checker is to copy the text from the edit window and paste it into a word processor like Microsoft Word). Are you thinking about linking from Troll (disambiguation) to the Trolls (Artemis Fowl) article you created?  If so it seems like you should just add another list item to the top bullet list, following the examples that are already there.  And for a link back you can either just add an explicit link in the text, or add what's called a "disambiguation link" at the top of the article (like at Troll).  The one at Troll is there since if you type "troll" in the search box and hit "go" it's the article you get to.  If you follow the links from Troll (disambiguation) you'll notice Troll is the only one with a link back to the disambiguation page.  There's no hard and fast rule about this, but some folks think this is the "correct" style, i.e. if "page (disambiguation)" exists "page" should link to it but no other articles because if you end up at "page (something else}" you probably meant to be there.  Keep up the good work!  At some point I'll stop watching your talk page (this page), so if I don't respond to a question you ask here either repeat it on my talk page or just leave me a note pointing me over here.  Oh, and by the way, other stuff you might want to look at (from the official, highly impersonal standard "welcome" message) includes:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial (you've seen this, right?)
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Help:Contents (this is the "help" link on every page)

In addition, you can sign your name in talk pages and voting by typing three tildes. Four tildes ( ~ ) signs your name and also displays the date which you signed your name. Thanks for signing up! -- Rick Block (talk) 14:21, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Just one problem. In the past week, when ever I have tried to edit, it has given me an error message. If it starts to work, are there any artiles that you think wikipedia does not have. Or would you advise me to simply look up current stubs. Is there a page on stubs for each subject?

title: User talk:79123


text:
Category talk:Memorable photographs

We should add the Soviet flag on Reichstag (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Soviet_Reichstag.gif) into this page, as well as the Mao discourse on Tiannman Square.

How about http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hindenburg_disaster.png ?

With regard to the picture of the Soveit flag on Reichstag, This version of that picture is featured picture. Wouldn't it be better to use this version on the memorable photograph page? TomStar81 23:31, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * What is the basis for inclusion in this category? Without clear criteria, this category seems to me like a candidate for deletion. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:06, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Pictures that have extremely high recognition AND emotional significance. For example, most people would probably recognize Che Guevara (photo) and it stands as one of the best leftist photos of the centuries. Palm_Dogg 20:44, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * But how is that verfiable? -- Jmabel | Talk 03:32, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Some of them won Pulitzer Prizes, others (Like Che) can be found everywhere. Many of them have their own pages, or are mentioned on the photographer's page as the reason the photographer is famous.  I'm trying to add to them though.  Let me put it to you this way: if there is a picture which you don't believe should be here, tell me and we'll discuss it.  Palm_Dogg 06:10, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * There are quite a few (eg. the ones surrounding 9/11 terrorists and abu grade) that outside the US arent even known, let alone recognizable, so keeping in mind this is an english language wikipedia and not a US one, i think some should be removed. Philc  TECI 20:41, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think 9/11 and Abu Ghraib were pretty well-known world-wide, but were there any particular ones you had in mind? Palm_Dogg 14:53, 2 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The Tom Cruise picture seems highly out of place. I don't think it has anywhere near the cultural or historical significance as the other photographs and I suggest that it be removed from this article.

 * What about the photograph called "Lunchtime" from 1932 (workers sitting way up high and having lunch)?

This is a dead end, due to the subjective nature of the entry. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 194.112.32.101 (talk • contribs) 21 November 2006.

title: Category talk:Memorable photographs


text:
KBFF

KBFF (95.5 FM, "Live 95.5") is a commercial radio station licensed to Portland, Oregon, and serving the Portland metropolitan area, including parts of Oregon and Washington. The station airs a Top 40 (CHR) radio format and is owned by Alpha Media. It carries the syndicated morning drive time show "Brooke & Jeffrey" from KQMV in Seattle.

KBFF's studios and offices are located in Downtown Portland, on SW Fifth Avenue. The transmitter is in Portland's West Hills, off SW Fairmount Court. KBFF has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts.

Early history
The 95.5 MHz spot on the FM dial in Portland was first occupied by the original KWJJ-FM. That station signed on in 1946. It only transmitted with an effective radiated power of 3,400 watts and it mostly simulcast AM 1080 KWJJ (now KFXX). But in the 1940s and 50s, few radios could receive FM signals and management saw little opportunity to make it profitable. In the mid-1950s, KWJJ silenced the FM station, giving up the license.

On September 23, 1959, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted International Good Music, Inc. (IGM) a construction permit to build a new FM station on 95.5 MHz. In early October 1959, call sign KGMG was granted, standing for "Good Music," the format term for classical music. By September 9, 1960, 95.5 KGMG was testing intermittently.

On September 25, 1960, at 7 a.m., KGMG began regular operations by airing programming from the IGM automation system. KGMG broadcast from 7 a.m. to 1 a.m. daily, and only selected commercials were played and no singing jingles were allowed. By March 1962, KGMG was broadcasting the recorded "Heritage Concert" series. On March 17, 1962, KGMG became the second Portland station to broadcast in multiplex stereo. In July 1962, KGMG began leasing antenna space to Pacific Motor Trucking Co. for a 25-watt VHF transmitter.

On April 20, 1964, KGMG switched to an automated MOR format from IGM. By mid-1964, KGMG was broadcasting 9 a.m. to 11 p.m. daily.

KXL-FM Stereo 95
On May 13, 1965, the FCC approved the $125,000 sale of KGMG to Seattle, Portland & Spokane Radio, a joint venture of Dena Pictures, Inc. and the Alexander Broadcasting Company. Seattle, Portland & Spokane Radio also owned AM 750 KXL (now KXTG). Two months later, on July 5, 1965, KGMG became KXL-FM and began duplicating KXL's "Good Music" format as KXL & KXL-FM Stereo.

In September 1966, KXL-FM staff began taping the evening "Good Music" programming for syndicator IGM, now known as Broadcast Programming International (BPI). The company provided the software to many FM stations nationwide. In 1969, KXL-FM raised its power to 100,000 watts and increased antenna height to 990 feet.

At the time, KXL (AM) was a daytimer, required to sign off at sunset to avoid interfering with clear channel station WSB in Atlanta, so it simulcasted its programming on KXL-FM, which could continue the programming at night. In 1970, KXL-AM-FM switched to a "Popular Music" middle of the road (MOR) format as KXL-FM Stereo 95. Most FM stations by the 1970s could not fully simulcast their AM stations, but this rule didn't apply to AM stations that were daytimers. KXL-FM continued to simulcast KXL (AM) through 1974.

In March 1984, KXL-FM switched to TM's Beautiful Music service and was playing five to six vocals an hour until 1989, when the station began running Unistar's "Special Blend" soft adult contemporary satellite format with local morning host George Walker.

K95.5/Star 95.5/95.5 KXL
In April 1990, KXL-FM changed format to "Lite Favorites," a combination of soft AC and soft rock. It was branded as K95.5. This format also utilized a satellite music service except for drive times.

On September 27, 1993, KXL-FM switched to a Hot AC format as Star 95.5 but only lasted a year.

On October 18, 1994, KXL-FM switched to all '70s Hits as Seventies 95.5. This format only lasted a year and a half.

Music Radio 95 KXL/Mix 95.5/95.5FM
On April 15, 1996, KXL-FM modified its 1970s format to include 1980s music and adopted the branding Music Radio 95 KXL.

In the Fall of 1996, KXL-FM returned to Hot AC. On April 1, 1997, KXL-FM switched to a new slogan as Mix 95.5. In December 1997, Carl Widing was hired as Program Director and in February 1998, KXL-FM switched to a Triple A format as 95.5FM.

On November 30, 1998, KXL-FM was sold to the Rose City Radio Corp. for $55 Million.

Jammin' 95.5
On March 26, 1999, at 5:30 p.m., KXL-FM switched to a rhythmic contemporary format as Jammin' 95.5, becoming the first FM station in Portland to air the format full time. The first song was "Changes" by 2Pac.

On April 30, 1999, KXL-FM changed the call letters to KXJM.

95-5 The Game
On May 1, 2008, due to declining ratings, Rose City Radio announced that KXJM would change formats to all sports on May 12, as "95.5 The Game." The switch almost left Portland without a hip-hop station, and as a result, would leave Portland listeners with only two choices for rhythmic music: Mainstream Top 40 KKRZ, whose playlist included some hip-hop songs, and KVMX, the market's Rhythmic Adult Contemporary station.

On May 9, 2008, at 6 p.m., KVMX officially ditched its Rhythmic AC format and became Portland's new home for Rhythmic Contemporary as "Jammin' 107.5." Both KXJM and KVMX simulcasted the format that weekend until KXJM's flip to sports at 9 a.m. the following Monday, May 12. KVMX also acquired the KXJM call letters, the website and all intellectual properties from Rose City.

On May 27, 2008, the original KXJM officially chose KXTG as its new call letters to better reflect the sports format and "The Game" moniker. KXTG and AM sister station KXL changed ownership would be bought by Alpha Broadcasting in May 2009. Despite the station's emphasis on local hosts, ratings success did not follow, usually peaking at about a 2.0 share in the Arbitron ratings.

Live 95-5
On May 21, 2011, Alpha announced that on May 25, at 5:00 p.m., KXTG's sports format would be moving to AM 750 KXL, which was running a news/talk format that at the time was simulcasting on 101.1 FM, previously a rock station. 95.5 FM would then launch a new format at the same time, although the announcement didn't say what that new format would be.

The question of what the format would be began to take on a life of its own when industry website RadioInsight reported that Alpha registered several domain names for the station, in order to keep people guessing. On May 24, 2011, a logo and website for "Live 95.5" appeared in a Google cache, with the hint referenced in its moniker as "Today's Modern Mix," indicating a contemporary music format.

On May 25, at 5 p.m., KXTG flipped to a Hot AC/Adult Top 40 format as Live 95-5, Today's Modern Mix For The Modern Woman. The first song was "Raise Your Glass" by P!nk, beginning a 10,000 songs-in-a-row promotion to attract listeners interest. The station also changed its call letters to KBFF.

KBFF saw its ratings improve, going from a 1.9 in its last book as a Sports outlet in May 2011 to a 3.6 share in the June 2011 book, along with a spike in its audience cumes, topping 105.1 The Buzz for the Adult Top 40 crown.

In September 2012, KBFF shifted to Top 40/CHR. To capitalize on this, the station shortened its slogan to "Today's Modern Mix," and then eventually "Portland's #1 Hit Music Station."

In August 2014, KBFF dropped its entire on-air lineup and relaunched as Live 95.5, The Station That Sounds Like Portland.

In April 2015, the station restructured its on-air lineup, adding the syndicated Brooke & Jubal morning drive time show, based at KQMV in Seattle.

On October 22, 2018, at 10 a.m., as a Halloween stunt, KBFF began branding itself as “eviL 95-5” (“eviL” is Live spelled backwards) and started airing spooky sounds in between songs. This continued until November 1 at Midnight.

title: KBFF


text:
Henri Sauguet

Henri-Pierre Sauguet-Poupard (18 May 1901 – 22 June 1989) was a French composer.

Born in Bordeaux, he adopted his mother's maiden name as part of his professional pseudonym. His output includes operas, ballets, four symphonies (1945, 1949, 1955, 1971), concertos, chamber and choral music and numerous songs, as well as film music. Although he experimented with musique concrète and expanded tonality, he remained opposed to particular systems and his music evolved little: he developed tonal or modal ideas in smooth curves, producing an art of clarity, simplicity and restraint.

Career
Sauguet started learning the piano at home when he was five years old. Later he was taught by the organist of the church of Sainte-Eulalie de Bordeaux. On the mobilization of his father in 1914, he was required to earn a living at a very young age. Eventually employed by the Prefecture of Montauban in 1919–1920, he formed a friendship with Joseph Canteloube, a former pupil of Vincent d'Indy. Together they collected and harmonized traditional songs under the title Chants d'Auvergne (Songs of Auvergne). During this period too he continued his musical education with local organists and himself served as organist at the small church of St-Vincent de Floirac just outside the city (1916–22). Sacred music, and especially organ arrangements, were to influence him for the rest of his life. One may instance the pieces he later wrote for organ and various combinations of instruments: Oraisons, with four saxophones (1976); Ne moriatur in aeternum, with trumpet (1979); Church Sonata, with string quintet (1985).

When Henri Collet dubbed a group of Paris-based composers Les Six, Sauguet started writing to one of its members, Darius Milhaud. He also began to refer to himself and two Bordeaux friends, Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte (another composer and a poet-musician), as 'Les Trois'. Their first concert took place on 12 December 1920. This included performances of works by 'Les Six' (Georges Auric, Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc), together with "Erik Satie et la jeune musique française". Among compositions by all three local exponents of 'the young French music' were Sauguet's four-handed Danse nègre and his Pastorale pour piano.

Sauguet's correspondence with Milhaud led to the composer asking to see some of his works. He wrote a piano suite called Trois Françaises (Three Frenchwomen) which so impressed Milhaud that he encouraged the young man to move to Paris. Arriving in October 1921, he found work as a secretary at the Guimet Museum. For some six years he studied composition with Charles Koechlin, whom he credits with helping him understand music within its own context and find his own voice.

In 1923, together with three other admirers of Satie's music (Henri Clicquot-Pleyell, Roger Désormière, Maxime Jacob), Sauguet formed the 'School of Arcueil', named after the location of Satie's home. With his support, they had their first concert on 25 October 1923 at Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. In 1924 Erik Satie introduced Sauguet to Serge Diaghilev, the flamboyant impresario of the Ballets Russes, and he wrote his first ballet, Les Roses (Roses) that year. In 1927 Diaghilev's company produced the ballet La Chatte (The Cat) with music by Sauguet, which premiered in Monte Carlo on April 30. The story is about a young man who falls in love with a cat, which assumes a human form through the intervention of Aphrodite. As they make love, the cat-woman sees a mouse and cannot resist chasing it, whereupon she changes back into a cat. The work was choreographed by the young George Balanchine.

Sauguet gained his greatest popularity with his ballets, of which he wrote over twenty. The best of these, and the work by which he is most known outside France, was Les Forains (1945) about a talented, slightly tattered, but ultimately hopeful travelling circus troupe. He also wrote numerous works for radio, television, stage, and film, and a large quantity of chamber and other instrumental works, including solos for harmonica and musical saw, but his particular talent was vocal music. He worked ten years on La chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma, 1936) - based on Stendhal's novel - an opera that had a reputation in France as his most important work. Internationally, however, it was considered to be short on emotion and drama. Other operatic works include La Contrebasse (1930), La Gageure Imprévue (1942), Les Caprices de Marianne (1954) and Boule de Suif (1978).

The war period brought a change to Sauguet's work, which had previously been marked by his high spirits. He used his reputation during this time to help his Jewish friends but lost the oldest-established among them, Max Jacob, who died in the Drancy internment camp. At the war's end he completed his Symphony No. 1, known as Expiatoire (Expiatory), in tribute to the war's innocent victims. This was followed by his 2nd Symphony, known as The Allegorical or The Seasons, in 1949. His 3rd Symphony is known as I.N.R. and his 4th, a meditation on old age written as he approached the age of seventy, as Du Troisième Age (The Third Age). In 1945 he contributed incidental music to the premiere of La Folle de Chaillot, by Jean Giraudoux. Sauguet worked as a music critic throughout the 1930s and 1940s. He founded the Composers Union, also devoting his time to Una Voce, an organization that works to preserve Latin and traditional chant in the Roman Catholic liturgy.

Final years
In 1956 Sauguet was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour and succeeded his friend Milhaud into the French Academy in 1976.

Sauguet's personal partnership with a set designer and decorator of French theatre, Jacques Dupont, endured until the latter's death in 1978.

When Sauguet died in Paris in 1989, he was buried at the Montmartre Cemetery in the same grave as Dupont and next to that of André Jolivet in Section 27, near the grave of Hector Berlioz.

Sauguet's autobiography Musique, ma vie (Music, my life) was published posthumously in 1990.

Selected recordings

 * Les Forains and Tableaux de Paris - Toulouse Capitole Orchestra, Michel Plasson. His Master's Voice – C 069-16220
 * Symphonies (complete) - Moscow Symphony Orchestra, Antonio de Almeida. Marco Polo (Naxos) - recorded 1994 and 1995
 * Piano Concerto N° 1 in A minor - Vasso Devetzi (piano) - USSR Radio Orchestra, Gennady Rozhdestvensky & Les Forains - Lamoureux Orchestra, composer conducting. Le Chant Du Monde – LDX 78300
 * Divertissement de Chambre - soloists directed by the composer; Lune inconstante - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano); Les Animaux et Leurs Hommes - Suzanne Lafaye (soprano), Sauguet (piano); Neiges - Paul Derenne (tenor), Sauguet (piano). Disques André Charlin CCPE 2
 * Les Caprices de Marianne - Andrée Esposito, Camille Maurane, Michel Sénéchal, Orchestre Radio-Lyrique, Manuel Rosenthal. Solstice SOCD 98/99

title: Henri Sauguet


text:
Mesomedes

Mesomedes of Crete (Μεσομήδης ὁ Κρής) was a Greek citharode and lyric poet and composer of the early 2nd century AD in Roman Greece. Prior to the discovery of the Seikilos epitaph in the late 19th century, the hymns of Mesomedes were the only surviving written music from the ancient world. Three were published by Vincenzo Galilei in his Dialogo della musica antica e della moderna (Florence, 1581), during a period of intense investigation into music of the ancient Greeks. These hymns had been preserved through the Byzantine tradition(Anthol. pal. xiv. 63, xvi. 323), and were presented to Vincenzo by Girolamo Mei.

Life and career
He was a freedman of the Emperor Hadrian, on whose favorite Antinous he is said to have written a panegyric, specifically called a Citharoedic Hymn (Suda). Two epigrams by him in the Greek Anthology (Anthol. pal. xiv. 63, xvi. 323) are extant, and a hymn to Nemesis. The hymn is one of four which preserve the ancient musical notation written over the text. Two hymns formerly assigned to Dionysius of Alexandria, one to the muse Calliope and one entitled Hymn to the Sun, have also been attributed to Mesomedes. In an article published in 2003, Annie Bélis proves that the Berlin musical papyrus (inv. 6870) contains a Paean to Apollo written by Mesomedes. A total of 15 poems by Mesomedes are known.

Mesomedes continued in the Musaeum in Alexandria even after Hadrian's death (138); there the Historia Augusta reports that during Antoninus Pius' reign (138–161) his state salary was reduced. The emperor Caracalla (212–217) honored Mesomedes with a cenotaph approximately 50 to 60 years after his death.

See J. F. Bellermann, Die Hymnen des Dionysius und Mesomedes (1840); C. de Jan, Musici scriptores graeci (1899); S. Reinach in Revue des études grecques, ix (1896); Suda s.v.

Prayer to the Muse
The dialect of this hymn is different from the others (Ionian rather than Doric), and the style is also slightly different; for this reason J.G. Landels believes that it is probably not by Mesomedes.

Hymn to the Sun
The metre of the hymn is known as the apokroton, a metre of anapaestic character popular in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. The first two lines are paroemiac, which is the same metre, but where the antepenultimate syllable is lengthened in the music to take up the space of – u:

 * uu – u u – u u – u – (apokroton)
 * uu – u u – u u –u – (paroemiac)

Literature
In anthologies:
 * Vincenzo Galilei, Dialogo Di Vincentio Galilei Nobile Fiorentino Della Musica Antica, Et Della Moderna (Fiorenza, 1581) (google), p. 97
 * Johann Friedrich Bellermann, Die Hymnen des Dionysius und Mesomedes. Text und Melodieen nach Handschriften und den alten Ausgaben bearbeitet von Dr. Friedrich Bellermann (Berlin, 1840) (google)
 * Rheinisches Museum für Philologie. Neue Folge. Neunter Jahrgang (Frankfurt, 1854) (google); p. 306–311: Theodor Bergk, Zu den Hymnen des Dionysius und Mesomedes
 * Karl von Jan (Latin: Carolus Janus), Musici scriptores graeci. Aristoteles  Euclides   Nicomachus   Bacchius   Gaudentius   Alypius   et melodiarum veterum quidquid exstat. Recognovit prooemiis et indice instruxit Carolus Janus. Annexae sunt tabulae (Lipsia, 1895) (google-US), p. 454ff.
 * Musici scriptores graeci. Recognovit prooemiis et indice instruxit Carolus Janus. Supplementum, melodiarum reliquiae (Lipsia, 1899) (google-US)
 * Revue des études grecques. Tome IX. Année 1896 (Paris, 1896) (google-US); p. 1–22: Théodore Reinach, L'hymne a la Muse
 * Landels, John G. (1999). Music in Ancient Greece and Rome. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-04284-0.
 * Pöhlmann, Egert; West, Martin L. (2001). Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments, edited and transcribed with commentary by Egert Pöhlmann and Martin L. West. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-815223-X.
 * Richard François Philippe Brunck, Analecta veterum poetarum graecorum. Editore Rich. Fr. Phil. Brunck. Tom. II. (Argentoratum; ed. IV.: Argentoratum, 1785) (google; ed. IV.: google), p. 292f.
 * Richard François Philippe Brunck and Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Jacobs, Anthologia graeca sive poetarum graecorum lusus. Ex recensione Brunckii. Tom. III. Indices et commentarium adiecit Friedericus Iacobs (Lipsia, 1794) (google), p. 6f.

 * Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, Ποιητῶν ἑλληνικῶν συλλογή. τόμ. ιεʹ. – Poetarum graecorum sylloge. Tom. XV. — Ἀλκαῖος Σαπφώ Σιμωνίδης σύνεσιος λυρικοὶ διάφοροι. – Lyrici graeci curante Jo. Fr. Boissonade (Paris, 1825) (google), p. 49ff.
 * Anthologia lyrica Anacreontea et Anacreontis aliorumque lyricorum graecorum selecta fragmenta et scolia continens. Edidit cum notis criticis et metrorum expositione Fridericus Mehlhorn (Lipsia, 1827) (google), p. 70f.
 * Anthologia graeca sive delectus poesis elegiacae melicae bucolicae. Scholarum in usum adornavit Nicolaus Bachius (Hannovera, 1838) (google), p. 128
 * James Donaldson, Lyra Græca: Specimens of the Greek Lyric Poets, from Callinus to Soutsos. Edited, with critical Notes, and a biographical Introduction, by James Donaldson (Edinburgh & London, 1854) (google), p. 96f.
 * Theodor Bergk, Anthologia lyrica continens Theognidem, Babrium, Anacreontea cum ceterorum poetarum reliqiis selectis. Edidit Theodorus Bergk (Lipsia, 1854) (google), p. 403f.
 * Anthologia lyrica continens Theogni[de]m, Babrium, Anacreontea cum ceterorum poetarum reliqiis selectis. Curavit Theodorus Bergk (Lipsia, 1868) (google), p. 522ff.

title: Mesomedes


text:
Talk:Thomas Chalmers

[Untitled]
Couple of points could use clarification: Steve Summit 00:56, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "in seven years upwards of 300,000 had been contributed" -- I assume that's £300,000, but I'm not sure how to confirm.
 * if would be nice to link "the Disruption" in "In 1841 the movement which ended in the Disruption was rapidly culminating". I assume this is the disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843, which a google search for "the Disruption" "Church of Scotland" finds many hits for (but which Wilipedia has as yet no article for).
 * The quotation marks in "I have no veneration... but I have the utmost veneration for it qua an instrument of Christian good" were missing. I've guessed where they belong, but this should be verified.

I cahnged Chalmers date of Licensure from 1790 to 1799 based on this page: http://www.newble.co.uk/chalmers/. However brilliant Mr. Chalmers may have been, I assume that he would not have been licensed to preach at the age of ten. Chris Troutman 14:14, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * A real rewrite is in order here. Especially his prominence as an early economist! He was no minor economist either. Karl Marx quoted from his book "On Political Economy.." Capital, Volume III,Chapter XXVII, p. 441 I think that should be worked in to the article!--Oracleofottawa (talk) 02:07, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

Freemason
"Thomas Chalmers Scottish theologian and philosopher. Initiated in Lodge St. Vigean No. 101, Arbroath, Scotland April 26, 1800." (William R. Denslow, Harry S. Truman, 1957, William R. Denslow, Harry S. Truman: 10,000 Famous Freemasons from A to J, Part One. Kessinger Publishing, 1957, ISBN 1-4179-7578-4, S. 196) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.227.126.251 (talk) 20:20, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Possible sources (moved from article)
you should use:http://www.newble.co.uk/chalmers/biography.html or http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1701-1800/thomas-chalmers-and-the-scots-church-11630292.html or http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/pastorsandpreachers/chalmers.html or http://www.anstrutherburghcollection.org/?page_id=62 you're welcome. (added by on 8 October 2012 22:31)). Dougweller (talk) 04:58, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Thomas Chalmers


text:
Talk:Wright Amendment

Merged information from Love Field
I merged information from the Love Field article to give background for this article. Perhaps now, on the Love Field page, the sections dealing with the Wright Amendment should be redirected here.

--- Yetiwriter

What will the market bear?
In the context of the story, the last part of the following sentence appears unnecessary and therefore not within NPOV. In addition American could be expected to charge what the market will bear (whatever that means). A subtle reworking of the previous sentence would make this story sound more along NPOV guidelines. Also, in a previous iteration of this article, Southwest was accused of much the same at Love Field. They concede that American's fares are often higher than from other airports, but American insists that they are only charging what the market will bear.

Slow newsday
Business Journal of Dallas

lots of issues | leave me a message 08:41, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Also on the AP wire. This one's much more negative towards the 'pedia. cluth 08:53, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

NPOV problems
There are several examples of biased language in this article. At the moment, I would say that the article has a pro-Southwest slant. See for more on this. Kelly Martin 21:55, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What specifically in the article do you feel has a pro-Southwest POV? —Cleared as filed. 23:31, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I would say that the characterization of the pro-repeal position is overly sympathetic, and the anti-repeal position rather harsh. Furthermore, there are a large number of peacock terms associated with Southwest in the article (and in fact nearly every reference to Southwest includes a glowing description of their performance).  I would not be surprised to find out that a substantial portion of this article has been written by Southwest personnel, one of their publicity agencies, or some other entity advocating in favor of Southwest's interest in this matter. Kelly Martin 00:07, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as glowing descriptions of Southwest, like what? (I'm not defending the article, I'm just working to make it NPOV.)  The only one I see is the so-called "Southwest Effect" — the rest of the article doesn't seem to boost them, other than saying that Southwest's business flourished at Love Field, and that it's one of the most profitable airlines in the U.S. despite the Amendment, both of which seem to me to be objectively true.  (Maybe they don't need to be stated here?  Although it is an interesting fact that despite the fact that Southwest's home airport was crippled by this amendment, they have come through it alright.)

 * I've also made some changes to the pro- and anti-repeal positions, especially getting rid of the amaturish sort of analysis that was there. Do you still think it's overly pro-Southwest, and if so, how so? —Cleared as filed. 00:34, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As a DFW area resident, I'd say this article is slanted towards Southwest in that it essentially allows Southwest to frame the debate. It's clear that one of Southwest's primary goals in their campaign against the ammendment has been to generalize the issue; to attempt to broaden th base of the debate, to imply that it has significant implications for people outside of the DFW area (for instance, several nearby states have weighed in to support flights from Love field). This is mainly to help defuse what has traditionally been the primary driving force behind the Wright Ammendment's restrictions of Love: local public opinion. (In my personal opinion, this has destroyed the respect I had for Herb's fine company, since now they seem to be deliberately and cynically weilding the "bully pulpit" of massive media exposure to dilute or even squash the voice of the tens of thousands of local residents actually affected by increased overflights. And no, I'm not one of them, I live further north.)
 * Also, by leaving out the fact that SA is one of the few airlines to retain profitablity over the last 5 years, and mention of American's very aggressive response to maverick startup Legend Airlines at Love in 2000, it avoids the possible conclusion that this is actually not an attempt to increase flight availability (as Southwest would frame it), but rather a strategic business decision to take advantage of the weakened position of their primary business rival, American Airlines.
 * At the very least, the article should contain better discussion of the Wright Ammendment as an essentially local agreement, brokered by local officials w/ the State, to appease serious local concerns over Love Field's continued presence with DFW Intl. I think. In any case, it's not an accurate portayal of how the thing came about to begin with. I don't know -- if I come up with a way of putting it that I like, and seems NPOV, I'll add it. Eaglizard 06:02, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify myself on the Legend thing: along with local opposition, American (and previously Delta) had always been the primary containers of flight at Love within certain bounds; AA in particular had always made it clear they would respond aggresively to any attempt to expand Love field which seemed threatening. In 2000, they did just that, spending millions on gates at Love that they clearly never seriously intended to use, just to prevent Legend's attempted start-up there. AA insisted they were genuine in intent, but we never got to call their bluff, as Legend succumbed to mismanagement, literally before ever getting off the ground (and AA quickly and quietly abandoned efforts at Love). Perhaps what I'm trying to say is that this article focuses too much on Southwest, and their relation to the agreement ammendment, without considering a host of other elements. Eaglizard 06:13, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Ack, sorry to talk too much, but this also occurred to me: I don't think it was ever Southwest's position that they as a company were (or were not) bound by Wright, but rather that president/owner Herb Kelleher had made a personal commitment to the original agreement. I believe Herb continued to assert throughout his tenure that he was himself bound by his word (sublty leaving out the company's actual position, and implying they were one and the same). Southwest never made any direct overtures against Wright until after Kelleher retired, afaik. Is this relevant, or is my POV beginning to bleed through? Eaglizard 06:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as focusing too much on Southwest, I would tend to think that you can't really discuss the Wright Amendment without a major focus on Southwest, as they were the reason that Love Field continues to exist and they are the ones putting the money into getting it repealed now. Although we should certainly add to the critics section to mention the Love Field neighbors who would prefer not to expand the traffic landing there.  I don't think that issue is the most important, though, in that it's just another NIMBY.  Regardless of how Southwest will benefit, it seems pretty clear that people flying to/from the Dallas area are certain to benefit from Southwest operating long-haul flights out of Love Field. —Cleared as filed. 12:13, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * At the risk of too many indents, I'll respond briefly: I hate to sound like an ACORN activist (I'm not), but the phrases 'NIMBY' ("Not In My Backyard", for those who don't know), and "people flying to/from the Dallas area are certain to benefit from Southwest operating long-haul flights out of Love Field" sound directly lifted from a Talking Points Bulletin hypothetically issued by whatever (undeniably talented) media agency Southwest has hired to coordinate their long-term assault on an established law. As far as I know, ALL "interest" in long-haul flights from Love has been generated by Southwest's PR campaign, including interest in connecting flights expressed by governers of non-contiguous states (as endorsed by paid Southwest lobbyists). This article is The Wright Ammendment, and not The Wright Ammendment Controversy. The ammendment itself was a settled (if contentious) issue, prior to Southwet's clearly profit-motivated challenge to it. I think any other characterisation gives the false impression that "interest" in changing Wright has arisen from some source other than Southwest stockholders. (And I think most residents of the Bachman Lake area would object to both points, in detail, especially the dismissive 'NIMBY' jargon. Look, I know I'm biased on this issue, and I probably won't even be bold enough to edit the article at this point. But it's clear to me, from living here throughout the whole issue, that while yes, some travellers will benefit, it will be at tremendous expense to others, and especially to the City of Dallas, which already can barely afford to keep Mockingbird & Inwood in any kind of drivable shape, let alone handle poverty induced crime at NW Hwy and other affected areas, and etc. Southwest wants to increase profitability (from mostly residents of other cities, I might add), at the direct expense of Dallas residents. I'll stop ranting now. Sorry. ) Eaglizard 16:24, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I admit that my NIMBY terminology comes not from a pro-Southwest POV, but a pro-aviation POV; I believe that generally speaking, expanding aviation in an area is a benefit to the common good of the region, if not necessarily the homeowners close to the airport. And sure, Southwest would promote the fact that travelers will benefit from the lifting of the amendment, but that doesn't mean it's not true.  It would give travelers more choices, and more choices usually means that prices go down.  And obviously Southwest has a profit motive to keep the amendment, but so do the groups (American Airlines, DFW Airport) who are pouring money into protecting the amendment.  Just because it's been settled law for 30-odd years doesn't mean it's right.  —Cleared as filed. 21:33, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good points all, and I've already used up 2 months worth of my innappropriate ranting ration, so let's leave it here. :) Eaglizard 03:27, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Kelly Martin, people are making good faith efforts to improve the article. I don't think it is fair to reinsert the POV sign without any attempt to correct what you find POV. Tfine80 16:15, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've indicated what I feel is wrong with the article. Please don't remove the NPOV tag without fixing the problem.  Sadly, my other duties here don't leave me with a whole lot of time to spend editing articles, but that shouldn't bar me from pointing out problems when I see them. Kelly Martin 22:10, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, a number of people have edited the areas where you concerns arose and in my opinion have satisfactorily dealt with this issue of "tone." I think to maintain the pov tag you need to point to specific sentences that still disturb you. Tfine80 22:21, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The use of "peacock terms" to describe Southwest is what I'm referring to. It does seem that most of those have been remedied at this point.  I do note, however, that I don't see a link to Southwest Airlines anywhere in the article.  Strange, that.  Kelly Martin 00:23, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Southwest is linked in the first history paragraph, I think it's the last two words of the paragraph. I don't see any more "peacock terms" — do you see any specifically that you take issue with? —Cleared as filed. 00:47, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Kelly - I tried working this line to have a NPOV yesterday but you reverted it but they insist that they are only charging what the market will bear. I removed this line as it is clearly a POV from AA. If economists were saying this then I would agree that it is a NPOV statement; however, AA isn't a known figure in the realm of economy markets. I see no way of wording this line as to have a balanced view and yet speak the truth; therefore, the line was removed.  If you can re-word it then that would be great but the only way to know if the market is paying the true price for a service is in a Free and Open market.  With the restriction in place, this is an undeterminable statement; unless like I said, you cite a source from major economists leaders saying that the market is paying what the true market will bear. -- Supercoop 2005-10-20 08:00:57 (UTC)

 * Your edit is misguided and indicates a lack of understanding of what NPOV requires. That passage is describing the opinions of those opposing the repeal.  You ought not edit someone else's opinions for neutrality; NPOV requires that you faithfully represent their opinions as their opinions, not what you think their opinion should be.  Your belief that their opinion is wrongheaded, illfounded, or misguided is not an excuse to redact a fair presentation of their opinion from the article.  Kelly Martin 15:05, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * First breath you think I am pro AMR or Anti AMR which I am not. And also I didn't see your talk reply when I edited it the second time. Ok, to the subject, now this is an AMR statement; lets talk about the third side. If the market is free then American will see no difference in their business.  That is all that I want pointed out.  Statements that the market is bearing the costs aren’t substantiated in a regulated market. Which is what I tried to the on the first edit - like you said, I didn't do a good job but you never didn't reply to a resolution (until now). --Supercoop 16:45, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't *care* what your position is. Nor do I care if the position of the supporters of the amendment makes economic sense or "considers the Libertarian position" or any other such nonsense.  The only thing that matters is whether the supporters of the amendment claim that the rates American is charging are "what the market can bear".  The point is that you are editing the statement of what the supporting position is to correspond not with what the supporters actually say, but with what you believe to be appropriate for them to say, if they said what you (or someone else) advised them to.  That is not NPOV.  It doesn't matter whether their beliefs are true, valid, or even rational; NPOV requires that you report their beliefs and opinions accurately and dispassionately.  Your argument would make it non-NPOV to say that "Flat Earthers believe that the earth is flat".  Your argument about regulated markets is simply irrelevant; that you make it indicates that you are attempting to push a point of view.

 * I can't revert you because I follow 1RR, but I encourage you to stop pushing whatever point of view (Libertarian, is it? doesn't matter, it's still not NPOV) you are trying to push and make the statement fairly and accurately represent the actual expressed opinions of the supporters of the amendment, whether or not said opinions make any sense to you or anyone else.  Ok?  Kelly Martin 17:27, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * First, I don’t want to silence flat Earth believers in what they say; however, I would like to point out what is said might be biased or flawed based on some reasons. NPOV should address all aspects of the issues no matter how small it is. If someone makes a statement, there can be counter arguments. Wiki doesn’t have section A devoted to supporters and section B for proponents; therefore, the statements of both can be discussed in a fair and even through out the article. So is it not appropriate to have point counter point within the article?  Fair question, not trying to troll, but deserving a fair answer and if this is not the case then I will re-re-re-read the NPOV stuff.  But if it is allowed then the line that is in debate should stand as somewhat similar to the way I wrote it. Later we should discuss why Love Field only benefits Dallas more than Fort Worth and not the other surrounding communities more or less.--Supercoop 18:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I really do think you need to reread WP:NPOV, as you clearly don't understand what "writing for the enemy" means. You can't remove parts of one party's platform because you think they aren't reasonable.  Honestly reporting on one party's point of view is NPOV, provided that all other relevant parties' points of view are also reported honestly and in basically equivalent detail and tone.  It is entirely appropriate to have point/counterpoint in the article; what you're doing is emasculating one of the counterpoints because you think it's "inconsistent with the Libertarian point of view" (at least that's what you said in your prior comments).  By doing so you are pushing a point of view instead of protecting the neutral point of view.  NPOV does not mean "no point of view".  Kelly Martin 19:41, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I should add one more thing: it is not our place, as editors of the encyclopedia, to evaluate the points of view of parties in a dispute that is the subject of an article. Your comment, that you "would like to point out what is said might be biased or flawed based on some reasons", indicates that you dsire to do exactly that: you are evaluating the point of view of one party in the dispute that is the subject of this article.  By doing so, you fail to be NPOV.  You may *report* on the (published) analyses of others, but you may not provide an analysis yourself.  And you certainly may not exclude part of someone else's point of view simply because you find it stupid, wrongheaded, or factually untrue.  Our job is to report, not to analyze and certainly not to reach a conclusion as to what is "right" or "correct".  Kelly Martin 19:45, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As another DFW resident, I would like to point out (as was recently added by me) that there are two other airports in Fort Worth, and that Delta recently pulled out of DFW because they couldn't compete with American there (which limits low-fare flights quite a bit). No overtly subjective stuff in my edit, I hope. drakaan 19:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I noticed that three links to statements of support/opposition were just added. Not sure we want to go there... the number of links could rapidly escalate if we include every politician, interest group, etc. (But I let the links stand for the present.)

Current Template
As the repeal debate is currently ongoing, I have added the current events tag to the page. Please leave this on there until the repeal debate is settled. Thanks! ALKIVAR ™ 22:12, 17 October 2005 (UTC)
 * oops, sorry, didn't see this note before I removed the current events tag. As this has been going on for quite a while now (and likely to go on for a lot longer), I really don't think it merits the current events tag, but if you feel otherwise feel free to add it back in. Sortan 05:17, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, if you read the Love Field article, this has been going on since 1992, and there is really no end in sight, so if you insist on the current events tag, it is going to be more or less permanent here. Sortan 14:04, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * "The Wright Ammendment" itself is by no means a current event; what's current is Southwest Airlines' recent (and rather sudden) media blitz in favor of its repeal. There is apparently some significant movement occuring in Austin on this issue (which is also a fairly new development, this primarily local issue has mostly been debated at the local level until recently).Eaglizard 05:28, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

NPOV and Current Events tags
How about the status of the NPOV tag? Does anyone still feel that the article does not take a neutral POV? If so, what is still wrong with it?

As far as the Current Events tag... I think it probably doesn't belong on this article. The template says, "Events could change rapidly," and that's not really the case with this issue — it's not an hour-by-hour changing thing, it's something that might change slightly over the next few months, which is the case with a lot of non-current-event articles in the Wikipedia. I'm going to remove the tag for now. —Cleared as filed. 20:21, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

I'm not as experienced as you folks, but this seems extremely neutral to me. I have an extensive database of information on the subject (and can point people to original sources, if necessary). What's the sticking point?--68.94.195.239 22:48, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Updating legal info
This is just a notice that I plan to be adding new information on this topic in the near future. I've recently found a link to Herb Kelleher's testimony before the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee's Subcommittee on Aviation this past November. I won't be adding, or even quoting excerpts from this very much, because obviously it's SWA's POV on the Wright Ammendment. It does, however, contain a fairly good legal history surrounding Love Field, SWA, and the lead up to the Wright Ammendment. It also contains legal references to court cases.

It's these court cases I plan to research, and hopefully neutralize the language around the decisions, so we have a clearer picture about who was alleging what. It's pretty old case files, though, and I don't think I'll be able to access very much over the internet. So, it may take me some time. I'm posting the link here as a heads-up, and in case anyone else can help research these cases. InkSplotch(talk) 20:47, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

For Kitch
I reverted today to remove some gibberish, and also removed your addition as well. I just wanted to say, I don't consider what you added to be gibberish or vandalism, but it did seem to me to be guessing at motives and I didn't feel it appropriate for an article. However, I could be wrong, and if you feel it best to replace it I won't revert a second time. --InkSplotch 21:54, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Restored "Current Event" tag
I have restored the Current event tag; Congress may act before or after the November, 2006 election. We shall see. ProfessorPaul 04:48, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Since the amendment has now passed and Southwest and American are now offering connecting service perhaps the current event template should be removed? 168.166.196.40 22:57, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Photo Needed?
I removed the photo needed banner on this page. There is no need for a photo regarding an amendment. Chad 21:41, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

American Airlines at Love Field
I'm pretty sure AA was already operating at Love Field before Legend came around in 2000. Continental (or a regional variety thereof) had started operating flights from Love to their Cleveland hub, using regional jets to get around the 56 passenger limit. Shortly thereafter, AA started flying Fokker 100s between Love Field and Austin (while at the same time, IIRC, suing CO to stop their flights). I'm not sure how the Austin flights were supposed to compete with CO's Cleveland flights, except maybe for available gate space (I sort of recall AA horning in on the gates). I can't remember the exact time frame when all this happened, I want to say it was 1998 or '99. In fact I would've thought AA had given up and pulled out of Love Field by the time Legend started up. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 05:38, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

To compete with Legend Airlines, American did fly 56 seat Fokker 100 from Love Field. The usual seating capacity was 100-107 but there was a 56 seat limit from Love Field. Sorry it took more than 10 years to answer your question. Vanguard10 (talk) 06:06, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SetLoveFree.gif
Image:SetLoveFree.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 08:07, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:54, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

full repeal, needs citation
This article is unclear if there is a full repeal or just repeal on routes. The 2006 amendment allows only 20 gates. Isn't this still the case? If not, then Delta Air Lines wouldn't be in court but would simply build gates. There is the old Legend Terminal that has gates except the jetways have been removed to comply with the 20 gate limit.

Summary: is the 20 gate limit of the 2006 amendment still in effect or repealed? Vanguard10 (talk) 06:04, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

Claims about Alliance Airport and lack of capacity at DFW
I've been doing a bunch of research about Alliance (AFW) and I cannot find specific published sources to back up the claims that DFW lacked capacity as a whole, or that AFW was ever seriously proposed as an alternative reliever passenger airport to DFW. I have found ample claims from the late 1980s and 1990s that DFW and/or the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in general would run out of runway capacity if more runways were not built, but 2 runways were subsequently built at DFW (17L/35R and 18R/36L). I've found lots of published speculation in the early 1990s that air traffic control would be unable to deal with greater traffic volumes in the choke point NE of DFW and NW of Love, but this seems to have been mitigated by later upgrades to the ATC system. Lastly, I've found discussion of a third all-new reliever airport to be built in an undetermined location, possibly near Waxahachie or Corsicana to the south, but this talk peters out by the late 1990s. I've found one claim that the 1996 Alliance study exists (https://www.cnbc.com/id/43714139) but nothing in the local news media, who were generally unabashed about covering Wright debates down to the minutia, and surely would not have left this study undissected. Lastly, Ft. Worth city leaders adamantly go on the record denying that AFW passenger service was ever seriously considered. What gives? Can someone shed light on this? Carguychris (talk) 22:22, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wright Amendment


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 4000 metres steeplechase

The men's 4000 metres steeplechase was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was one of the first two times that a steeplechase race was held at the Olympics, with the 2500 metres version held one day earlier. The 4000 metres steeplechase was held on July 16, 1900. The race was held on a track of 500 metres in circumference. Eight athletes from five nations competed in the longer of the two steeplechase events. The three medallists from the 2500 metre steeplechase also competed in the 4000. The only one among them to win a second medal was Sidney Robinson, who added a bronze medal to the silver he had won earlier. The gold medal was won by John Rimmer of Great Britain, which completed a medal sweep with Rimmer, silver medalist Charles Bennett, and Robinson.

Background
This was the second Olympic steeplechase race (one day after the first), and the only time that an Olympic steeplechase race was held over the distance of 4000 metres. The 4000 metres was the longest distance of any Olympic steeplechase. The 1900 Games introduced steeplechase events with this competition and the 2500 metres steeplechase. The next two Games would each feature a steeplechase, but at different distances: 2590 metres in 1904 and 3200 metres in 1908. There was no steeplechase event in 1912. After World War I, the now-standard 3000 metres steeplechase was introduced and has been held at every Games since. Women's steeplechase, also at 3000 metres, was added in 2008.

Competition format
This steeplechase event featured a single race. The competition involved eight laps of the 500 metre track, complete with standard hurdles as well as stone fences and a water jump. The course was the same as that of the shorter event, but with eight laps instead of five.

Records
None, this was the first and only time the event was held.

Results
The British trio dominated this race, finishing in the top three with only two yards separating them: Rimmer was in front from start to finish, with Grant trailing him closely until the final lap, when he broke down and retired.

Chastaniè, the bronze medalist of the 2500 metres steeplechase, finished in fourth, eight yards behind Robinson, with Orton, the gold medalist of the 2500 meters steeplechase, finishing fifth; he had become ill with an intestinal virus overnight and was unable to make the final push that had served him well in the 2500 metres.


text:
Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan

Rabbi Isaac ben Jacob or Yitzhak ben Yaakov, nicknamed "ha-Lavan" or "the white" was a 12th-century rabbi of Bohemia. He was a Tosafist and liturgical poet who flourished at Prague in the late 12th century.

He was the brother of the renowned traveler Petachiah of Regensburg. He was among the earliest of the tosafists ("ba'ale tosafot yeshanim"), a contemporary of Rabbi Eleazar of Metz, and a pupil of Rabbenu Tam. According to Recanati, Isaac directed the yeshivah of Ratisbon. He also lived at Worms for a time.

Isaac is mentioned frequently in the Tosafot, and Isaac ben Moses, in his Or Zarua, No. 739, quotes Isaac ben Jacob's commentary on Ketubot, a manuscript of which exists in the Munich Library (No. 317). He is also mentioned in a commentary to the Pentateuch written in the first half of the 13th century. There is a piyyuṭ signed "Isaac b. Jacob," whom Zunz supposes to be Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan.

title: Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan


text:
Hyper Lode Runner

Hyper Lode Runner is a video game for the Game Boy from Bandai released in 1989 in Japan and 1990 in North America. It is based on the 1983 game Lode Runner from Broderbund. While each level in the original fit on a single screen, Hyper Lode Runner has a scrolling playfield.

Reception
Hyper Lode Runner received mixed reviews upon release. Total! described the game as the "toughest [Game Boy] cart to date by far", citing frustrations with its "incredibly hard" difficulty. Despite noting the game's "decent gameplay" and the inclusion of an edit mode, Electronic Gaming Monthly found Hyper Lode Runner to offer little enjoyment as an unremarkable port of the original title. In a retrospective review, Dave Frear of Nintendo Life described the game as "enjoyable" but critiqued the game's "off-putting" difficulty, expressing disappointment with the lack of a save function for the level editor.

title: Hyper Lode Runner


text:
Lucan (American TV series)

Lucan is a TV drama starring Kevin Brophy that aired on ABC from 1977 to 1978. The series was based on an earlier May 22, 1977, made-for-TV movie of the same name directed by David Greene starring John Randolph and Kevin Brophy, along with Stockard Channing, Ned Beatty and Lou Frizzell.

Synopsis
A 20-year-old man (Brophy) who spent the first 10 years of his life running wild in the forests of northern Minnesota, after being raised by wolves, Lucan is taken to a research institute and taught the ways of human society. He is befriended by a kind researcher, Doctor Hoagland (John Randolph), with whom he bonded during his journey to civilization. Lucan's continued freedom at the research center is put in peril once his doctor friend and mentor is hurt.

Unable to ensure Lucan's well-being at the institute, his friend encourages him to strike out on his own in search of his identity and family. The series chronicled the encounters, challenges, and intrigues Lucan faced interacting with people using his new learned social graces and old Wolfen instincts. He is also pursued by a bounty hunter, Prentiss (Don Gordon), who is hired by the university to bring him back. (The last four episodes of the series altered the premise to reveal that Lucan was actually on the run from the police for a crime he didn't commit. Prentiss was made a police lieutenant charged with bringing Lucan in for trial for a murder case.)

As well as being unusually strong and agile, Lucan also possessed special Wolfen skills that appeared in emergency situations. When upset to the point of violence, his eyes glowed amber. He also had heightened senses of smell and hearing. In a few episodes, he was able to call on his old wolf family/pack for help.

Merchandise
A novel based on the pilot TV-movie was released as well as a board game based on the show.

DVD release
On April 3, 2018, Warner Bros. released Lucan- The Complete Series on DVD via their Warner Archive Collection. This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available through Warner's online store.

title: Lucan (American TV series)


text:
Louisville Waterfront Park

Louisville Waterfront Park is both a non-profit organization and an 85 acre public park adjacent to the downtown area of Louisville, Kentucky and the Ohio River. Specifically, it is adjacent to Louisville's wharf and Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere, which are situated to the west of the park. Once a wasteland of scrap yards and abandoned industrial buildings, Waterfront Park is now a vibrant green space that welcomes over 2.2 million visitors each year. Located in the park is the Big Four Bridge which connects the city of Louisville with the City of Jeffersonville, Indiana. Waterfront Park is home to some of Louisville's most exciting celebrations, such as the Fourth of July at Waterfront Park, Forecastle Festival, WFPK Waterfront Wednesdays and Thunder Over Louisville. In 2013 the park won the Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence a national design award that seeks to identify and honor places that address economic and social concerns in urban design.

Development
Phase I construction (1994–1999)

Phase I consisted of approximately 55 acre, and the initial development cost was about $58 million, combining public and private money. The park's site was previously used for industrial purposes: scrap yards, sandpits, and other industrial sites. The ground was broken for the project in 1994, and the space was dedicated in 1999. This phase of construction included much of the park from the western edge up to, but not including, the Big Four Bridge. Mass excavations were completed in 1995 and the wharf in 1996. Louisville architects Bravura Corporation and Hargreaves Associates were the park's designers. This development phase included the Great Lawn, Joe's Crab Shack, walking paths, and play areas. The park hosted hundreds of events in its first full season of use, including outdoor concerts and other festivals, with an estimated total attendance of more than a million people. There were problems early-on with the grass being too easily worn down by visitors.

Phase II construction (1999–2004)

Phase II, covering 17 acres, completed the east end of the park The development costs were about $15 million. Key developments include the second children's play area, a restaurant space, the Brown–Forman amphitheater, a boathouse, additional parking, additional picnic areas, more green space, an extension of the riverfront walking path, and a rowing facility. The rowing facility is used by the University of Louisville Women's Rowing team, school and community groups. Phase II initially intended to include the spiral ramp up to the Big Four Bridge, but was postponed to Phase III due to a redesign related to geotechnical and flood control issues.

Phase III construction (2005–2012) Phase III construction began in late spring of 2005, to add 13 acres (53,000 m2) and include the conversion of the former Big Four Railroad bridge going between the park and Jeffersonville, Indiana's waterfront park into a pedestrian bridge. This phase of development cost roughly $41 million. It also included the announcement to develop Riverview Park and RiverPark Place by Poe Development and WDC. The Lincoln Memorial was completed in 2009 and the Big Four Lawn opened in 2010.

In February 2011, Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear and Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels announced that the two states, along with the City of Jeffersonville, will allocate $22 million in funding to complete the Big Four Bridge project, creating a pedestrian and bicycle path to link Louisville and Jeffersonville. Indiana spent $8 million and the City of Jeffersonville provided $2 million in matching dollars to pay for construction of a ramp to the Big Four Bridge. Kentucky is pledged $12 million to replace the deck on the bridge and connect it to the spiral ramp that had been completed in Waterfront Park. The bridge was completed in May 2014 with the opening of the Jeffersonville ramp.

Phase IV

Phase IV of development for Waterfront Park is a proposed $35 million investment to expand the park 22 acres uniting downtown and West Louisville along the waterfront. Phase IV land lies west of Louisville's principal wharf and harbor area at Fourth Street. Largely neglected, it sits beneath the I‐64 Interstate Highway. Phase IV will celebrate the rich local history and heritage of the area. The site was the location of Louisville's first frontier fortress, Fort on Shore, and later a heavy industrial site. In the first component of Phase IV, Waterfront park and Kentucky Science Center have partnered to create an outdoor experiential learning area called Playworks at Waterfront Park. The new area will include creative play structures and various interactive displays featuring various artifacts to celebrate and teach the waterfront's history. Concept design for Playworks at Waterfront park was finalized in 2018, and construction is anticipated to be completed near the beginning of 2024.

Features
Each year the park is features numerous exciting events such as Thunder Over Louisville, Forecastle Festival, WFPK Waterfront Wednesdays, Fridays at the Front, Fourth of July at Waterfront Park, and the Juneteenth Jubilee Celebration.

There are two playgrounds in Waterfront Park; the original Children's Play Area at the Orange parking lot (west of the Harbor Lawn) and the Adventure Playground and Splash Park at the Silver parking lot (east of the Big Four Bridge). The Children's Play Area was one of the first spaces to be completed in 1997. This playground includes three areas for different age groups and a climbing rock nearby. The play area has views of the river, the Great Lawn, and the downtown skyline.

All of the walkways in Waterfront Park have been built to meet ADA standards. Wherever there are stairs at the park, there are also walkways for accessing the same area. The Big Four Bridge is accessible by ramp on the Kentucky and Jeffersonville side. Service animals are allowed everywhere in the park. An Accessible Signage Program helps park visitors with visual impairment navigate and enhance their park experience. Each sign includes raised letters, a Braille translation, and tactile graphics. Textured pads at the edge of sidewalks provide underfoot cues for the signs. The Big Four Bridge crosses the Ohio River connecting Waterfront Park to Jeffersonville, Indiana. Constructed in 1895 as a railroad bridge, the Big Four Bridge first provided rail access for freight and passengers traveling between Louisville and Southern Indiana. The bridge operated until 1969 when it was decommissioned, the ramps removed several years later. The Waterfront Master Plan, developed in the early 1990s, included the Big Four as a pedestrian bridge. On February 6, 2013, the city opened an elliptical ramp and the bridge to pedestrians and bicycles. Waterfront Park installed counters on the Louisville ramp in 2013, helping to calculate an average of 1.5 million pedestrians and bicycles that cross the bridge each year. In 2014, Jeffersonville built their ramp to complete the Big Four experience. The bridge itself is approximately 1/2 mile (2,562 ft.) long. Each ramp is 1/4 mile (1,181 ft.) long. The entire distance totals two miles. The Big Four Bridge has an LED lighting system that wraps the iron fretwork in vibrant colors. The lights can be programmed to have a rainbow effect, highlighting the beauty and strength of the bridge structure.

The Vietnam Memorial stands at the base of the Big Four Bridge. An American flag flies 70 feet in the air and is visible from the bridge. Dedicated on November 19, 1983, the memorial originally stood on the Belvedere. In 2014, The structure was moved to its current home. The Kentucky Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund funded the memorial.

Dedicated in the summer of 2009, the Lincoln Memorial at Waterfront Park was part of the bicentennial celebration of Lincoln's birth. The Commonwealth of Kentucky, the family of Harry S. Frazier Jr., and the Kentucky Historical Society/Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission funded the memorial and selected nationally renowned Louisville artist Ed Hamilton to create both the Lincoln statue and the bas reliefs. The memorial features a 12-foot statue of Lincoln seated on a rock, looking out over the river. Four bas-reliefs (a type of sculpture carved from flat surrounding stone) illustrate Lincoln's ties to Kentucky.

The traveling SkyStar Wheel made its debut on March 29, 2018, in the park for the 2018 Kentucky Derby, Thunder Over Louisville, and Waterfront Wednesday season opener. It remained open until May 6, 2018. The base rent paid by the operator to the park was US$25,000 or 5% of gross profits, whichever was greater.

Issues
I-64 runs through the park, and portions of the park exist under it. 8664, a grassroots campaign, aimed to re-route I-64 to enhance Louisville's waterfront. However, I-64 was ultimately widened over the park as a part of the Ohio River Bridges Project, supported by the Mayor and most involved in city and interstate planning.

In May 2007 designs for the span over the Great Lawn were released, causing some controversy. The two proposed designs called for either 40 or 58 pillars, at a cost of $48 or $36 million, respectively. The Waterfront Development Corporation favored a $160 million proposal which could have as few as 10 pillars, and an aesthetically pleasing span design. This more expensive proposal was left out of the options presented. The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet later apologized for omitting the design and said it could still be considered, but additional funding would have to be found.

In 2006, David Karem, executive director of the Waterfront Development Corporation, a public agency that operates Waterfront Park, wished to deter visitors from bathing in the large public fountain. He initiated a plan that was dependent on the average park visitor's "lack of understanding about water's chemical makeup", and arranged for signs that read: "DANGER! – WATER CONTAINS HIGH LEVELS OF HYDROGEN – KEEP OUT". The signs were posted on the fountain at public expense. As it is true that ordinary water molecules each contain two atoms of hydrogen, and thus posed no danger, it is considered one of many water-related hoaxes.

title: Louisville Waterfront Park