text:
Talk:Elbow (band)

Elbow and Coldplay
While both bands have mutual admiration for one another... including an interview of the Elbow conducted by Chris Martin, they've never mentioned being actual influences on each other's music. --Madchester 19:43, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * To the contrary: "Fix You" from X&Y "came directly from [Cast of Thousands's] 'Grace Under Pressure'." -Simon Crowley 22:33, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "Talk" is obviously derived from "Computer Love", but besides their intros, "Fix You" and "Grace Under Pressure" don't really sound alike. But a lot of praise from Martin's part. --Madchester 23:15, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * There is an interview with Guy Garvey from the Times Online that mentions a direct "Grace Under Pressure"/"Fix You" connection, as admitted by Chris Martin. --Cue the Strings 12:04, November 25, 2006 (UTC)

Unofficial tour of Cuba
Re: the quote: "In 2004, Elbow went on an unofficial tour of Cuba": theis needs clariifcaiton to explain what an unoffical tour is. Surely you are either on tour or not? Other bands don't attempt to get some kind of 'offical' status when they tour.

it was not a promotional tour sanctioned by their record label. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.146.148.240 (talk) 15:21, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Elbow and Velvet Underground
John Cale has expressed a liking for Elbow, but can you say Velvet Underground has? --80.41.172.180 14:38, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

I agree, John Cale is not the Velvet Underground - he's John Cale.

 * I'm intrigued by this "greatest song of all time" quote - where is the source? And where can I find the song 'Switching Off': it isn't listed in the discography?--GeneralJumbo 17:59, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
 * "Switching Off" is from the Cast of Thousands album; you can find the video on YouTube. I'm not sure where one would find the quote from Cale, however, as the article's not explicit about where it came from. María ( críticame ) 18:21, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Asleepinthebackalbum.jpg
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Fair use rationale for Image:Cast of Thousands album.jpg
Image:Cast of Thousands album.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Asleepinthebackalbum.jpg
Image:Asleepinthebackalbum.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 04:43, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Elbowlogo.png
Image:Elbowlogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 21:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

"Philip Marlow"
Is "Philip Marlow" not "Philip Marlowe", like the Raymond Chandler character? (I'm unfamiliar with the mini-series in question, so this is only a guess.) - Jmabel | Talk 03:31, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

Philip E. Marlow is not in any way associated with Philip Marlowe the Raymond Chandler character. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Singing_Detective for more. Goldfish 23 (talk) 23:56, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Award win!
A winner at the 2009 Meteor Awards tonight! -- Candlewicke STundefined 02:42, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Cover versions
It is not mentioned in the article, but Elbow has also recorded a cover version of Massive Attack's 'Teardrop'. "The British band Elbow did a live cover of the song for the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge, and a recorded version is also featured as a track on their CD single for "Not A Job" (released 23 February 2004)." Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teardrop_(song) 87.211.216.218 (talk) 18:33, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Anyone can edit Wikipedia, so why not have a go? Just one point: we don't use Wikipedia as a source, but you could use, for example, this source instead. Don't forget to put the source between tags at the end of the sentence. Cheers -- Timberframe (talk) 19:01, 5 July 2009 (UTC)
 * They've also done a cover of "1 Thing" by Amerie but I don't know when it was recorded or anything. If anyone has information about that, it might as well be added to that covers section. ---Ally (talk) 16:47, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Live appearances
Does this article really need this interminable list of live appearances? Apart from the fact that an awful lot of this section is full of unsupported/unsupportable statements ("were widely regarded as one of the absolute top-acts of the four-day-festival", "left the audience stunned"), it's not really adding anything to the biographical story and is lengthening the article unnecessarily. I'd vote for it to be substantially shortened, at the very least. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.86.245.6 (talk) 13:15, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree that the tone of the article is not appropriate and have inserted a corresponding template. I will address this over time.--Soulparadox (talk) 10:27, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Vandalism
I have fixed the recent spate of vandalism (I think), but will keep an eye on it over time. A copyeditor with a sense of humor has converted some statements so that their meaning indicates the opposite of that which is intended.--Soulparadox (talk) 10:25, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Citations for 1997–2001: Formation and first EPs
Removed the Unreferenced section template from the 1997–2001: Formation and first EPs section as I've added citations and done some cleanup/corrections. There's still a lot of copyediting to be done on the subsequent History sections. --Spiegalr (talk) 22:04, 18 May 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Elbow (band)


text:
A Ticket to Tomahawk

A Ticket to Tomahawk is a 1950 American Western film directed by Richard Sale and starring Dan Dailey and Anne Baxter. It was released by 20th Century Fox. Marilyn Monroe appeared in one of her earliest roles.

Plot
In 1876, Johnny Jameson (Dan Dailey), a "drummer" (traveling salesman), is the only passenger on the inaugural run of the Tomahawk and Western Railroad's narrow gauge train through the Colorado Rockies. The train is pulled by the Tomahawk and Western's only locomotive, a Baldwin ten-wheeler named Emma Sweeny.

During the ride, the conductor tells Johnny that certain people, stagecoach operators for example, would like to see the railroad's franchise fail. Soon afterwards, Dakota (Rory Calhoun), Trancas and Gila, who work for Colonel Dawson, the area stageline operator, cause a giant boulder to fall directly in the path of the train. Engineer Terence Sweeny (Walter Brennan) manages to stop the train in time, and he and the crew then disembark to move the rock.

Johnny decides to walk to the town of Epitaph and hitches a ride with Trancas and Gila. At the sheriff's office, when Johnny tries to report the train's delay to deputy Chuckity Jones (Charles Kemper), he is knocked out by Trancas. U.S. Marshal Dodge, meanwhile, is in the room next door getting ready to welcome the train with help from his tomboyish, knife-wielding granddaughter Kit (Anne Baxter). As they leave for the depot they are surprised by Trancas and Gila. The marshal shoots Trancas but is wounded by Gila. Johnny comes round and Kit suspects that he may also be one of the gang. Despite Chuckity intervening on his behalf she orders him to leave town before sunset.

Kit is deputized as a U.S. Marshal by her grandfather, who now cannot travel because of his wound. She and an Indian companion named Pawnee (Chief Yowlachie) are assigned to escort the train to Tomahawk. Colonel Dawson orders Dakota to join the posse that is escorting the train and also an Indian scout, Black Wolf, to stir up the local Arapahos. Other gang members plot to blow up the engine during a night stop.

Only after he has bought his ticket out of town does Sweeny learn that there is no track laid for the next forty miles. He is informed by local railway entrepreneur, Bishop, that the rails were lost at sea en route from England. Bishop explains that, as the train must reach Tomahawk to fulfill the requirements of the franchise contract, he has arranged for the Emma Sweeny to be hauled by a team of mules. Another condition is that the train must reach Tomahawk by a rapidly approaching deadline with at least one paying passenger. Kit is not pleased to discover that the passenger assigned to her care is Johnny, who is now reluctant to travel on the train. Johnny is roped to the side of the engine, and the locomotive, minus its passenger car, sets off pulled by the mules and accompanied by assorted wagons. Chinese laundry man Long Time (Victor Sen Yung) joins the group with much delayed laundry for Tomahawk, together with Madame Adelaide (Connie Gilchrist) and her dancing girls, Annie, Ruby, Clara (Marilyn Monroe) and Julie. A musician with pianola accompanies them.

As planned, Dawson's men Bat, Charley and Fargo show up at a night stop claiming to be telegraph men who are there to repair lines cut by the Arapahos. Kit gives them permission to bunk in the camp. Johnny convinces Madame Adelaide and the dancers to put on a show in the camp, and later joins in the musical performance himself. Kit gradually softens her attitude towards Johnny.

When all are asleep, Bat and Charley leave while Fargo tosses sticks of dynamite under the engine. Johnny, sleeping alongside the train, smells the lit fuse and alerts the others. Kit cuts the fuse with a shot and disables Fargo, but before he can talk, Dakota kills him.

Some time later, a few miles beyond where the track restarts, Bat and Charley are placing dynamite charges under a trestle. Johnny, Kit and Pawnee are scouting ahead and stop at the bridge. Bat and Charley consider shooting them, but are then themselves attacked and killed by Indians, and the dynamite is set off prematurely. Kit, Johnny and Pawnee are chased back to the train, which is then attacked by the war party. Johnny identifies the Arapaho chief, Crooked Knife, having previously worked with him in a travelling western show.

After the war party is driven off, Johnny volunteers to talk peace with him. He has learned that Long Time is carrying a load of fireworks and develops a plan. He is welcomed by Crooked Knife, who agrees to allow the train safe passage. However, some of the braves distrust Johnny and ask him to produce a sign that he is "big medicine." Johnny sets off a rocket, signaling Kit and Dakota to set off the rest of the fireworks on a nearby hill, and the Indians are impressed. As the railway bridge is now out, Kit intends to take the locomotive over a mountain by dismantling it and carrying it in pieces. Dawson, meanwhile, thinks he has been double-crossed and shoots Black Wolf. He then rounds up his men for a final showdown.

The Emma Sweeny is stripped of her cab, smokestack, tender and various other parts, and hauled over the mountain by the mules in several pieces. When they reach the track, the engine is put back together. Kit discovers that the water tower needed to fill the tender has been sabotaged by Dakota, but unknown to Dakota, the tender was already filled with water.

When Kit discovers that he sabotaged the tower, Dakota jumps aboard the train, slugs Johnny and forces the fireman to start the engine moving, leaving Kit and the rest of the party behind. Kit jumps into the cab. Dakota tries to shoot Kit, but is out of ammunition and throws his gun at her instead, knocking her unconscious. Johnny wakes up, and while he and Dakota fight on top of the cabin, Kit comes round and throws her knife at Dakota, causing him to fall off the train and plunge to his death in a ravine.

Dawson and his gang ambush the train but cannot catch up with it. However, they manage to shoot holes the boiler. The Emma Sweeny loses steam pressure and slows to a halt within sight of Tomahawk. A posse, headed by Marshall Dodge, rides out from the town and, together with the Araphoe, subdue Dawson's gang. Dawson flees but is pursued by Pawnee, who takes him out by throwing a tomahawk at him.

As the train has stopped just short of its goal, Johnny attempts to talk the mayor of Tomahawk into extending the town limits, thereby fulfilling the requirements of the franchise. He succeeds with seconds to spare. Kit has fallen in love with Johnny, but he says he cannot be with her, as he cannot give up his traveling life. She grabs her knife and threatens to cripple him to prevent him from traveling.

Several years later, Johnny is married to Kit and working as the train conductor. As the train sets off, he limps after it, waving to Kit and their five young daughters, all named after Madame Adelaide's dancers.

Cast

 * Dan Dailey as Johnny Behind-the-Deuces
 * Anne Baxter as Kit Dodge Jr.
 * Rory Calhoun as Dakota
 * Walter Brennan as Terence Sweeny
 * Charles Kemper as Deputy Chuckity Jones
 * Connie Gilchrist as Madame Adelaide
 * Arthur Hunnicutt as Sad Eyes
 * Will Wright as Dodge
 * Chief Yowlachie as Pawnee
 * Victor Sen Yung as Dodge
 * Marilyn Monroe as Clara (uncredited)
 * Olin Howland as Railway Conductor (uncredited)
 * George Melford as Stationmaster (uncredited)
 * Charles Stevens as Trancos (uncredited)

The Emma Sweeny

The steam locomotive that stars in the film, known as Emma Sweeny, was actually Rio Grande Southern #20, a 3-foot-gauge 4-6-0 Ten-Wheeler built by the Schenectady Locomotive Works in 1899. To appear older, it was dressed up with a false smokestack, headlight, and various other parts. It was also given a colorful paint scheme. The scenes of Emma Sweeny running under steam were shot on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad's Silverton Branch (now the Durango & Silverton Railroad) north of Rockwood, Colorado, and a shot of the train crossing a large trestle used the Rio Grande Southern Railroad's Lightner Creek Trestle.

For the scenes where the locomotive is pulled by mules while off the track, a full-size wooden replica of RGS #20 was built, as the real locomotive would have been too heavy for the mules to pull. The mules pulled the model over parts of Molas Pass and on Reservoir Hill, which is now the site of Fort Lewis College.

After filming was completed, the replica changed hands several times, eventually being used in Petticoat Junction as a studio stand-in for the Hooterville Cannonball. (The "real" Hooterville Cannonball was Sierra Railway #3, a larger standard-gauge Ten-Wheeler ).

The wooden Emma Sweeny model was later put on display in Jackson, California, still in its Hooterville Cannonball appearance. In 2011, it was donated to the Durango Railroad Historical Society, which has restored the model to its Emma Sweeny appearance and placed it on display at Santa Rita Park in Durango, Colorado.

In 2020, Rio Grande Southern #20 returned to operation, having last run in 1951. It was restored over a 14-year period and made its public debut on August 1, 2020. It is now operational and resides at the Colorado Railroad Museum.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: A Ticket to Tomahawk


text:
Michael Gelb

Michael Gelb may refer to:

 * Michael H. Gelb (born 1957), biochemist and professor at the University of Washington
 * Michael J. Gelb (born 1952), writer and trainer, specialising in personal development and corporate training seminars

title: Michael Gelb


text:
Muchas gracias de nada

Muchas gracias de nada is the sixth album by Les Luthiers, recorded live in the Teatro Coliseo. It was released in October 1980.

Side one

 * 1) "El rey enamorado"
 * 2) "La tanda"
 * 3) "Consejos para padres"
 * 4) "La gallina dijo eureka"

Side two

 * 1) "Cartas de color"

title: Muchas gracias de nada


text:
Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread

Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread is a studio album by the Jamaican musician Lee Perry, released in 1978. Although Perry had been in the Jamaican music business for a long time by 1978, this album, produced by himself at his Black Ark studio, was the first to consist entirely of songs sung by himself. The album is very experimental.

Island Records, that had released earlier Lee Perry productions like Super Ape and War Ina Babylon, rejected the album. This angered Perry and his relationship with the record company got worse.

Side one

 * 1) "Soul Fire"
 * 2) "Throw Some Water In"
 * 3) "Evil Tongues"
 * 4) "Curly Locks"
 * 5) "Ghetto Sidewalk"

Side two

 * 1) "Favourite Dish"
 * 2) "Big Neck Police"
 * 3) "Free Up the Weed"
 * 4) "Mr. D.J. Man" AKA "Yu Squeeze Ma Panhandle"
 * 5) "Roast Fish & Cornbread"

Personnel

 * Lee Perry – vocals, percussion
 * Geoffrey Chung – guitar
 * Earl "Chinna" Smith – guitar
 * Billy Boy – guitar
 * Winston Wright – organ
 * Boris Gardiner – bass
 * Michael "Mickey Boo" Richards – drums
 * Sly Dunbar – drums
 * Noel "Skully" Simms – percussion
 * Full Experience – background vocals

title: Roast Fish Collie Weed & Corn Bread


text:
Talk:Right Said Fred

Intro to the article incorrect?
It doesn't agree with the first sentence of the History section:

Intro: "Right Said Fred is an English pop band, formed in 1989 by brothers Matthew Mcewen and Edmund Barker, later joined by their friend Steven Thompson, all from Rochdale PPU. The group is named after a song of the same name which was a hit for Bernard Cribbins in 1962. The group has sold 4 million records worldwide."

History: "Brothers Richard and Fred Fairbrass began performing as Right Said Fred in 1989, and were joined by Rob Manzoli in 1990.[1]"

Rainbear (talk) 20:11, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

First Number One With Debut Single
The article states: "They were the first UK band to reach the number one slot in the US with a debut single since The Beatles." Sorry if I got it wrong, but I remember the Pet Shop Boys also debuted at number one in the US with West End Girls in 1985. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 186.189.239.56 (talk) 04:17, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
this article is not accurate; right said fred - after failing to attract substantial interest in the UK - went to Germany in order to work with Alex Christensen (U96) and released a single called "you're my mate" and an album ("fredhead") in 2002 - which both became successful in Germany (# 5 on German Top 100 and gold status), Switzerland and Austria. "you're my mate" was also used as the official anthem of the south african national rugby team in 2002 and remained in the German Top 100 for 23 weeks, while the album "fredhead" reached #2. "you're my mate" went also gold in south africa and became top twenty in the UK. they are well known in the German-speaking countries. (source: www.rightsaidfred.com)

Higher standard of quality tag, anyone? 216.195.195.211 19:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Aaaand done. 216.195.195.211

November 2007
Since November 5, 2007 the brothers are featured in a TV commercial for the cleanser "Meister Propper" in Germany. (Seen on German TV) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.179.59.200 (talk) 20:10, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

June 2014
Comedian John Oliver hired "Right Said Fred" to sing a new version of their song "I'm Too Sexy" that slammed Syrian president Bashar al-Assad on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver tv show. See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lKYPp2Kp6s •  Sbmeirow  •  Talk  • 07:47, 17 June 2014 (UTC)

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Incorrect Intro To Article
The article opens by saying they had 3 UK No. 1's and 2 US No. 1's but if you look at their single history further down the page it clearly only says they had one No. 1 in both countries. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C5:1890:FD01:74BA:6E3A:265D:10 (talk) 12:30, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

I'm a Celebrity
Wasn't the song I'm a Celebrity written because they were booked to appear on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! but were not used and just ended up as 'reserve' camp mates in a hotel? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.154.168.220 (talk) 13:04, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Right Said Fred


text:
User:OldCommentator

OldCommentator

A former art director, designer, and university lecturer in film studies and communication. He lives in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

''[The username comes from when he was one of the designers of a notorious sci-fi series by the name of LEXX. The show's producers had assigned him the unpaid, but nonetheless enjoyable, task of providing anonymous "insider" stories and "commentary" on the various IRC chat rooms that sprang up rapidly after the show was first broadcast in 1996.]''

OldCommentator is a passionate believer in open-source culture and gladly donates $5 per month to the Wikipedia Foundation. He encourages others to contribute what they can.

He speaks of himself in the third person for no apparent reason.

more...

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:OldCommentator


text:
User:Deppeler

Deppeler is a family surname (like Smith (surname)) with its origins in de:Tegerfelden, in the Zurzach (district), canton Aargau, Switzerland. Other versions of the name may be Däppeler, Däbler, Däbbeler, and Deppler.

The name is unique in the way that Deppelers around the world can be traced to de:Tegerfelden, Switzerland. To this day, a unusual large number of village inhabitants carry the surname (about 4 percent).

History
The name is mentioned as early as the late Middle Ages. The Deppelers probably arrived in Tegerfelden from Southern France. The name possibly has its origins in the French term dépailler (to thresh straw).

Mostly around the second half of the 19th century, several Deppelers emigrated to foreign countries. Links have been established with Deppelers between Tegerfelden, Switzerland, and Argentina, Australia, and the United States. Most emigrants are part of the 18th century famine in Switzerland. Emigrants were given a pair of shoes and a one-way ticket to some foreign destination.

The Deppeler family crest is derived from a stained glass window of the (reformed) church of Tegerfelden, Switzerland. It depicts a castle, a fleur-de-lis, and a white dove.

title: User:Deppeler


text:
A Mom for Christmas

A Mom for Christmas is a 1990 American made-for-television Christmas fantasy-comedy film starring Olivia Newton-John, Juliet Sorci, Doug Sheehan and Doris Roberts, directed by George T. Miller and produced by Walt Disney Television. The film marked Newton-John's television film debut and her first film appearance in seven years since Two of a Kind (1983). It was written by Gerald Di Pego based on the book A Mom by Magic by Barbara Dillon and originally premiered on NBC on December 17, 1990. Production was centred around the former Shillito's Department Store (later Lazarus/Macy's) in Cincinnati.

Plot
The story revolves around 11-year-old Jessica Slocum (Juliet Sorci), whose mother died when she was three years old. Her father, Jim (Doug Sheehan), is a workaholic with little time for his daughter and hasn't been able to spend time with her since her mother's death 8 years prior and still seems to be mourning her. Just before the Christmas holiday season, Jessica wins a free wish from a wishing well. Her wish for a mother for Christmas is granted by Philomena (Doris Roberts) and Amy Miller (Olivia Newton-John), a department store mannequin, is brought to life to be a mom for Jessica. However, there is a catch and Amy can only be a mother to her until Christmas Eve.

To clear up any confusion for Jim, Amy claims herself to be a nanny from Australia hired to help care for Jessica while he's at work and she is given a spare room on top of the garage. Amy and Jessica get along until they suffer a brief misunderstanding. Jessica briefly wants to take back the wish and sees Amy go lifeless from her bedroom window. Horrified, she runs out in the rain and stairs to Amy's room, frantically knocking on her door. Amy opens up and Jessica is relieved to see her fine as she is ushered in. The next day, Jessica visits Philomena at the department store to see if she could take back the original wish. She wants Amy to stay forever with them because her father has grown fond of her and she can't bear to lose another mother. Philomena wishes she could help alter the wish, but shows Jessica what Amy will be up against if she isn't there to save her and the other mannequins with faces. The store she works at is planning to replace all the mannequins with faceless ones. Philomena tells Jessica there is only one way to avoid this and if she really wants to save Amy, they must act fast and join hands with her.

That isn't the only thing Amy is up against, an inquisitive store detective suspects her of taking a missing Santa mannequin (needed for Jessica's Christmas pageant) from the store and questions her. However, Amy's mannequin friends come to her aid, especially a male mannequin dressed as a driver who warns him to keep his distance from her. Amy and the Santa mannequin both help Jessica overcome her stage fright and put on a convincing performance that wow's the crowd. Jim takes a photograph of Jessica, his first picture of her since her mother died.

Christmas Eve and Philomena is late to perform the ritual needed to save Amy so she has to return to the store. Jessica recruits Jim to help save her and they head to the store. By the time they reach the store, they see Amy having gone back to being a mannequin and Jessica throws herself at her. She begs her father to grab Amy's hand and he reluctantly does. The ritual works and Amy is brought back before them. They head for home and Amy's mannequin friends wishes her the best of luck in her new life, while the store detective is awakened by Philomena using her magic feather duster. The film ends with a Christmas picture of Jim, Amy and Jessica.

Cast

 * Olivia Newton-John as Amy Miller
 * Juliet Sorci as Jessica Slocum
 * Doug Sheehan as Jim Slocum
 * Doris Roberts as Philomena
 * Carmen Argenziano as Sergeant Morelli
 * Brett Harrelson as Kendall
 * Elliot Greenebaum as Chip Wright (credited as Elliot Moss Greenbaum)
 * Erica Mitchell as Stephanie Clark
 * Aubrey Morris as Nicholas
 * Jim Piddock as Wilkins
 * Gregory Procaccino as Detective Price
 * Steve Russell as Mr. Milliman
 * Jesse Vincent as Teddy O'Neill
 * Paula Dione Ingram as Mrs. Garcia
 * William C. Ingram as himself

DVD release
On October 21, 2008, A Mom for Christmas was released on DVD as a Disney Movie Club Exclusive, available only to club members for mail or online ordering.

title: A Mom for Christmas


text:
Ramón de Mesonero Romanos

Ramón de Mesonero Romanos (19 July 1803 – 30 April 1882) was a Spanish prose writer who was born in Madrid.

Biography
At an early age, he became interested in the history and topography of his native city. His Guía de Madrid (1831) was published when literature was at a low ebb in Spain, but the author's curious researches and direct style charmed the public. Next year, in a review entitled Cartas españolas, under the pseudonym "El Curioso Parlante", he began a series of articles on the social life of the capital, which were subsequently collected and called Panorama matritense (1835–1836).

Mesonero Romanos was elected to the Spanish Academy in 1838 and, though he continued to write, had somewhat outlived his fame when he issued his pleasing autobiography, Memorias de un Setentón, natural y vecino de Madrid (1880). He died in Madrid, shortly after the publication of his Obras completas (8 vols, 410, 1881). His place of burial is the Saint Isidore Cemetery in Madrid.

title: Ramón de Mesonero Romanos


text:
Talk:A Current Affair (American TV program)

Cleanup template
I put this on as the section "Resurrection" has information in the future tense pointing to March 2005. I think this should be updated before the cleanup template is removed. Thanks for looking into this. Courtland 19:49, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

Removed Category.
I removed this page from the Programing Block category because it simply didn't belong thier. Deathawk 01:24, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Redirect at A Current Affair
Until now, A Current Affair redirected to this article (because this article was created at that title and shifted here). I am changing that redirect to point to A Current Affair (Australia) considering the cancellation of the US edition of the program and the much longer life of the Australian edition (running since the early 1970s). If anyone has a problem with this change, I can be contacted at my talk page. - Mark 15:55, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Maureen O'Boyle's sexual assault allegation
I removed this sentence "Around this period, it was announced that the show's anchor Maureen O'Boyle was raped, but this later turned out to be a publicity stunt to boost the waning interest in the show," because there was no citation. To allege that someone invented a sexual assault to improve ratings is serious, and there needs to be solid proof. betakate 17:38, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Logo a current affair.jpg
Image:Logo a current affair.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 13:04, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Named after Australian show?
Is the US A Current Affair named after the rather similar Australian show, or is the name coincidental?  Randall Bart    Talk   20:02, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. The US show was based on the Australian show as it appeared in the 1980s, the focus of the show was changed, however, to include more of the tabloid stuff that Murdoch was peddling. The US version even went so far as to do stories which cross-promoted Murdoch's printed tabloids at the time. The Australian version then shifted focus as well and by the 90s it had moved from being a broadly "real news" (not quite "hard news") programme to the tabloid version we know and hate today.220.233.71.222 (talk) 16:15, 28 November 2012 (UTC)


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Les Luthiers (volumen 7)

Les Luthiers (volumen 7), album released in August, 1983.

Side one

 * 1) "El Lago Encantado"

Side two

 * 1) "Marcha de la Conquista"
 * 2) "Papa Garland had a hat and a Jazz Band and a mat and a black fat cat (rag)"
 * 3) "Homenaje a Huesito Williams"
 * 4) * "L´otro día caminando"
 * 5) * "Siento algo por tí"
 * 6) * "Dime si ella"
 * 7) * "El teléfono del amor"

title: Les Luthiers (volumen 7)


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Cabbage worm

The term cabbage worm is primarily used for any of four kinds of lepidopteran larvae that feed on cabbages and other cole crops. Favorite foods include broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, collards, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, radishes, turnips, rutabagas and kohlrabi. This small group of similar pest species is known to agriculturists as the cabbage worm compte butterflies (family Pieridae, type genus Pieris, garden whites).

 * The small white (P. rapae) is a small, common, cosmopolitan butterfly whose caterpillar has fine, short fuzz and is bright green; it prefers cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower. A larger Old World form (P. brassicae) is called large white. A common North American form (P. protodice) is known as the southern cabbage butterfly. The green-veined white (P. napi) occurs in Europe and North America.
 * The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is a member of the moth family Noctuidae. The caterpillar is smooth and green with white stripes. It is called a "looper" because it arches its body as it crawls, inchworm style. This species is very destructive to plants due to its voracious consumption of leaves. It is not restricted to cole crops; other plant hosts include tomato, cucumber, and potato. The adult of the species is a nocturnal brown moth.
 * The cabbage webworm (Hellula undalis) is a widely distributed webworm native to southern Europe or Asia that also injures cabbages and other vegetables in the Gulf states of the United States.
 * The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella or, in some literature known by the synonym P. maculipennis) is a member of the moth family Plutellidae. The caterpillar is smooth and solid green in color. When disturbed, it thrashes and drops off the plant. The newly emerged larva is a leaf miner, entering the tissues of the leaf and consuming the parenchyma between the two outer layers of the leaf. Larger larvae make holes through the leaf, consuming all the tissue. The adult of the species is a small, elongated gray moth with whitish spots on the forewings that form two diamond shapes when the moth is at rest. The diamondback moth is primarily a tropical species, but is migratory, reaching temperate zones in most years.

title: Cabbage worm


text:
A Killer Among Us

A Killer Among Us is a 1990 drama/thriller TV film directed by Peter Levin and starring Jasmine Guy and Anna Maria Horsford.

Plot
Theresa is one of the twelve jurors who have to decide about a case of assassination. She believes very strongly in the innocence of the young man, but cannot convince the others. During the discussions, she realizes that one member of the jury knows details that he could not know from the trial alone. Since no one believes her suspicions, she investigates on her own.

title: A Killer Among Us


text:
Smuggling organization

Smuggling is a behavior that has occurred ever since there were laws or a moral code that tax or forbid access to a specific person or object. At the core of any smuggling organization is the economic relationship between supply and demand. From the organization's point of view, the issues are what the consumer wants, and how much the consumer is willing to pay the smuggler or smuggling organization to obtain it.

Developmental Smuggling Model (DSM)
The Developmental Smuggling Model is a unified model in that it describes phases of smugglers and organizations. Smugglers are reported to fall within one of three different phases. Organizations in which there is smuggling occurring also fall within one of three different phases. Phase II is subdivided into three types of corporations.

Phase I Smugglers
Phase I smugglers are usually smuggling contraband to meet their own needs although they might smuggle enough to cover their expenses by selling some of the contraband. Mules and those who meet law enforcement "smuggler profiles" fall within this cluster of individuals.

Occasionally, individuals are enticed to carry contraband by more experienced smugglers because the professional smuggler wishes to test the security through which the mule must travel or to create a diversion when the novice smuggler is caught; thus, allowing a breach through which a larger shipment of contraband can be moved. Once the contraband is placed, the individual or family is referred to as the virgin (See Lichtenwald, 2003). The use of a "virgin smuggler" allows the professional smuggler to check his or her assessment of the security and to make sure that the contraband was not detected because "the virgin smuggler" could not control his or her emotions or behavior or because of the way the contraband was packaged, or because a bribe was not effective. The use of a "virgin smuggler" also allows the professional smuggler not to be identified.

Phase I smugglers is the group most frequently caught by the police and government agencies. These agencies focus their security and enforcement efforts on arresting individuals within this group. In May 2005 the MITRE Corporation released a press announcement reporting that they had created a computer simulation program capable of modeling the complex adaptive behaviors of smugglers. The Modeling Complex Adaptive Behavior Project was headed by Daniel Venese and sponsored by MITRE's Center for Enterprise Modernization. The program is capable of generating a steady stream of novel smuggling techniques so that strategies can be crafted to combat them. Once an agency produces these strategies, it can feed them into the simulation to test how smugglers may adapt their methods in response. Information regarding The Modeling Complex Adaptive Behavior Project can be found in The MITRE Digest.

Phase II Smugglers
Phase II smugglers are divided into two subtypes of individuals. Subtype 1 is a group of individuals who know each other and have a shared value system. The members of Subtype 1 often refer to each other as friends. Subtype 2 individuals belong to a group who have a shared value system but may not know each other as well. Subtype 2 may be a subgroup of coworkers or members of a group such as a gang or a more peaceful groups. When street gangs venture into smuggling they are a Phase II smuggling organization. The money the gangs make from smuggling is spent on supporting their criminal lifestyle. The members of Subtype 2 may have applied for a specific jobs such as bag handlers or inspectors within an industry because it allows them to be in a position to engage in crimes such as smuggling.

Phase II organizations fall into three different type of structures:
 * Type 1 organizations are formed for the sole purpose of smuggling. Type 1 businesses are usually small, with only a few employees. The individuals have limited experience smuggling, although they are likely to have wanted to engage in smuggling for some time. The Type 1 businesses have yet to make a substantial profit from smuggling and have only limited contacts with individuals who can secure the contraband.
 * The Type 2 organization is a legitimate business, which turned to smuggling to cover its operational expenses (as a facade).
 * The Type 3 of organization is usually large and the smugglers belong to either the management or the rank and file (hourly wage earners) who exploit the smuggling opportunities inherent in the business. Type 3 smuggling organizations include the airline, shipping, boating, and land transportation industries.

The Phase II smugglers is the group that receives the most media attention.

Phase III Smugglers
Phase III smugglers and organizations are formed for the sole purpose of smuggling. There are several factors that distinguish Phase III smugglers and organization from a Phase II smuggler and organization. The Phase III individual or business smuggles with sophistication. In general, the individuals in Phase III are raised in an environment where smuggling is encouraged and considered an acceptable behavior. The individual is raised with a family history of smuggling. Phase III smugglers are very experienced at smuggling, (The smuggler captured and studied for two years in Lichtenwald's research (Lichtenwald, 2003, 2004) had worked his way up from a Phase I smuggling business to being made a member of a Phase II business, and then a Phase III smuggling organization).

The Phase III smuggling corporation is divided into formal departments such as counter intelligence, bribes, money laundering, and others. An example is when the smugglers purchase a trucking corporation that ships products such as fruits and vegetables that must be moved from location to location before an expiration date. Due to spoilage risks, the smuggling corporation can protest delays due to screening for contraband at entry ports. The smuggling corporation can select, based on their assessment of the risk of being caught, which shipments will contain the contraband. The smuggling organization invests in other businesses that offer smuggling opportunities. It may also engage in border jumping given specific opportunities. For example, when the radar balloons are not working, the smuggling organization may take advantage of the situation and jump the border.

The Phase III smuggling organization endears itself to the country from where the contraband is produced or taken and to the country that stores the contraband. Finally, it esteems itself to the country which is the final destination for the smuggled contraband. Individuals in the Phase III smuggling organization will keep their own governments and other governments focused on Phase I smugglers and Phase II smugglers and organizations, to avoid causing another government any problems or draw any attention or suspicion.

title: Smuggling organization


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Deppeler

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was userfy and delete redirect. humblefool®Deletion Reform 20:12, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Deppeler
Vanity page, non-notable. User that created it is named Deppeler. Chairboy 19:51, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

deppeler 22:13, 23 July 2005 (MEST).
 * do not delete: Well, I just created the page and obviously disagree. It's not vanity page since it's not about myself. The name is spread among a couple of continents and can be tracked to a small village in Tegerfelden. I don't think it should be held against the page that it's a Deppeler who created it.
 * Delete Non-notable. Totally willing to change my vote if notability can be established. 67.116.212.168 20:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC) oops, logged out by accident. Fernando Rizo 20:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * do not delete: Notability is indeed arguable, as it is with many pages ... please do consider that the surname is unique, has tracable origins, and has been inquired for its roots by Deppelers in South America, Australia and the United States many times in the past couple of decades. deppeler 22:43, 23 July 2005 (MEST).
 * Above user has already voted

 * Every surname is unique. I'm sure mine could be traced to Italy, Spain, Cuba, Greece and the United States, but there's no article for it on Wikipedia, nor should there be. The family name is not notable. Contrast with Kennedy. Fernando Rizo 20:54, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You are completely right. However, this surname can be traced to a tiny village in Switzerland. Try that with Kennedy or most others. deppeler 22:59, 23 July 2005 (MEST).

 * Userfy if the author wishes, otherwise, delete, --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 20:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Userfy? - ok, I *am* a newbie. How do you userfy this article? (Sorry if this is a FAQ) - "Encyclopedias can be general, containing articles on topics in many different fields".deppeler 22:54, 23 July 2005 (MEST)
 * "Userfy" means to move the article from Deppeler to User:Deppeler, your user page. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 21:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll do the move now. Best wishes, Meelar (talk) 22:00, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for advising. I believe the content in my user page is actually content that belongs to my home page ...". But that's different from the content I wanted to add here. "Wikipedia's goal is to create a free, reliable encyclopedia—indeed, the largest encyclopedia in history, in terms of both breadth and depth." I am more interested to add content to the Deppeler page as it has been entered say, ... to the Smith (surname) site. deppeler 00:13, 24 July 2005 (MEST).

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Tjvalerio

Image copyright problem with Image:Sarah-01.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sarah-01.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Longhair 00:02, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tjvalerio


title: File:Luthiers8.jpg


text:
Grand Prix Drivers' Association

The Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA) is the trade union of Formula One drivers.

History
The GPDA was founded in May 1961 and, following an election by members, its inaugural Chairman was Stirling Moss.

Its initial aims of this organisation were to obtain representation on the Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI) of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), which at the time was motorsport's governing body, in order to improve safety standards and provisions for both drivers and spectators. After Moss retired from the sport in 1963, Jo Bonnier succeeded him.

The organisation was disbanded following the events during the 1982 South African Grand Prix due to the sport's changing commercial arrangements, the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) adding restrictive clauses to the FIA Super Licence, and the conflict between the Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA) and FIA. It was replaced by the Professional Racing Drivers Association (PRDA) at a drivers' meeting in Paris before the planned-then-cancelled Argentine Grand Prix.

Niki Lauda, Christian Fittipaldi, Michael Schumacher and Gerhard Berger re-established the GPDA over the 1994 Monaco Grand Prix race weekend, following the events of the preceding San Marino Grand Prix, which culminated with the deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger, during the Sunday race and Saturday qualifying respectively. Shortly before his own fatal accident, and following the fatal accident of Ratzenberger and the serious accident of Rubens Barrichello during Thursday practice, Senna spent his final morning on the Sunday talking to former teammate and rival Alain Prost to discuss the re-establishment of the GPDA and had offered to take the Chairman role starting from the Monaco Grand Prix.

In 1996, the association was incorporated in the UK as a company limited by guarantee ("Grand Prix Drivers Association Ltd"). For the first time, the association had a formal constitution, and permanent offices in Monaco.

Membership and leadership
Membership of GPDA is not compulsory. For example, during the 2013 Formula One season, only 19 out of 22 active drivers were members (with Kimi Räikkönen, Adrian Sutil and Valtteri Bottas being the exceptions). as of 2008 membership cost £2,000. It was announced on 13 December 2017 that all the drivers had signed up.

GPDA members elect their representatives. As of 2024, there are three directors: active Formula One driver George Russell, legal adviser Anastasia Fowle (the first non-F1 driver past or present to be appointed a GPDA director) and former Formula One driver Alexander Wurz, who serves as chairman.

List of directors
Note: from 1996

Controversies
During the 2005 season the GPDA became increasingly involved in the politics (and controversy) of Formula One.

Following the, the GPDA issued a statement supporting the case of the Michelin teams in the FIA World Motor Sport Council. Significantly, though the majority of drivers signed the statement, Michael Schumacher did not. He claimed that he was not asked to and would not have done so, in any event. The statement claimed that the FIA's proposed solutions to the problems experienced by the Michelin teams were unworkable. Schumacher claimed the problems at Indianapolis were technical rather than a safety issue.

A meeting between the GPDA and FIA president Max Mosley, scheduled for the, was cancelled by Mosley because of statements made by David Coulthard. Mosley claimed Coulthard's statements to the media were a "distortion" of the purpose of the meeting and accused him of stirring up dissent. In retaliation the GPDA released a letter that had been sent to Mosley accusing him of jeopardising the GPDA's drive for improved safety:
 * “We were also concerned to learn that during the course of [a telephone conversation with Coulthard], you suggested the FIA might withdraw support for the ongoing safety initiatives of the GPDA... The GPDA believes that safety issues are of the highest importance and are disappointed not to receive the full support of the FIA president in this matter".

In 2010, upon his return to the sport as a competitor, Michael Schumacher announced that he did not intend to join the GPDA. He subsequently became a "silent member" following discussions with GPDA directors (chiefly, Felipe Massa).

Notable activities
Thanks to the activism of the GPDA, the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps was boycotted in 1969 and the Nürburgring in 1970 and after 1976, over safety concerns.

In 2013, following a series of tyre blowouts at the British Grand Prix, tyre safety became a major issue, with the GPDA announcing through a statement that its member drivers would withdraw from the subsequent German Grand Prix unless remedial action was taken.

In May 2015, the GPDA and Motorsport.com joined forces to allow followers of the FIA Formula 1 World Championship to voice and share their opinions about the sport through an extensive worldwide survey for fans. More than 200,000 respondents participated in the survey.

In July 2015, following the death of Jules Bianchi at the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix, the GPDA announced that it felt a responsibility "to never relent in improving safety."

In March 2016, following changes to the qualifying system, the GPDA released an open letter written by Jenson Button, Sebastian Vettel and Alexander Wurz on behalf of all drivers saying that the sport's leadership was broken, calling the decision making within Formula One "obsolete" and "Ill-structured". The GPDA believed that the decision making could "jeopardise F1's future success."

After the second free practice session of the 2022 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, the GPDA held a four-hour meeting after multiple instances of missile attacks, some as close as 10km from the Jeddah Corniche Circuit. Pierre Gasly spoke to media later, saying, "Everyone was able to give their opinion. We were aligned with our intentions." A later statement from the FIA and Formula 1 assured that racing would go ahead and that the track was safe. GPDA chairman Alexander Wurz also issued a statement.

title: Grand Prix Drivers' Association


text:
Talk:Septimer pass

Suggestion for the future to avoid confusion, Docu, create the actual target page before creating a redirect to it. - Chairboy 19:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Septimer pass


text:
Kata people

The Katir (also spelled Kati, Kator and Kata) are a Nuristani tribe in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Etymology
The Katir [ka 'tɘ] or Kata Kafir group was numerically the most dominant group of the Siah-Posh (Persian "Black Wearer/Clothed") tribes. They owned approximately forty villages in the Bashgul valley and numbered about 40,000 (1890).

The upper part of the Bashgul Valley of Nuristan (Afghanistan) is known as Katirgul. It is called Lutdeh in Chitrali  and Kantozi in Pashto.

According to George Scott Robertson, the Katir Siah-Posh clan settled in Katirgul valley was called Kamtoz (or Camtoz)  in Pashto and Lutdehhchis in Chitrali (The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, p 71). But American investigator Richard Strand's website suggests that the name Kamtoz/Kamtozi may apply to all Katirs of the former Siah-Posh group, including the Ramguli and Kulam Katirs .

Alternative names for Kamtoz are Camtozi, Kantozi. Despite their fiercely independent nature, the Katis, together with the Kom tribe, were tributary to the Mehtar of Chitral. The nature of this tributary relationship was inconsistent because the Katis and Koms would often raid Chitrali territory for livestock and head-hunting. In retaliation the Mehtars would invade the Bashgul Valley and enslave entire villages. During the reign of Mehtar Aman-ul-Mulk the relationship was formalized and the Kafirs would pay an annual tribute of slaves.

Numerous scholars have connected the names Katir/Kator/Kata and Kam/Kom with ancient Kambojas and identified the Kafirs, especially the Siah-Posh Kafirs, as having descended from ancient. The Kata Tribe also lives in Chitral and very much mixed with Chitralies. There is a popular stone by the name of Kata Boht situated in Ozhore (Juwara) Valley Chitral. The Kata Tribe also lives in Ozhore and also other part of Chitral. The other fact is the tribe lives in Gram; gram is a Nuristani word (of Indo-Aryan origin) meaning "village" (as a "community"). In ancient times, people were considered rich according to their ownership of animals or land. As the Kata tribe in Chitral was considered to be relatively rich, over time, Chitrali speakers began to use kata to mean "rich" or "big".

History
Kafiristan is a mountainous region of the Hindu Kush that was isolated and politically independent until the conquest by Afghan conquest of 1896. The region became a refuge of an old group of Indo-European people probably mixed with an older substratum, as well as a refuge of a distinct Kafiri group of Indo-Iranian languages, forming part of the wider Dardic languages. The inhabitants were known as "kafirs" due to their enduring polytheism (closely related to Vedic religion) while other regions around them became Muslim. However, the influence from district names in Kafiristan of Katwar or Kator and the ethnic name Kati has also been suggested. The Kafirs were divided into Siyah-Posh, comprising five sub-tribes who spoke Katɘ language while the others were called Safed-Posh comprising Paruni, Waigeli, Wamai and Ashkun.

The Nuristani/Kafir people practiced a form of ancient Hinduism, infused with accretions developed locally. Kafirs represent non-Rigvedic Aryans, identical with the Dasas. That their ancestors were pre-Rigvedic Aryans can be inferred from linguistic, ethnological and theological evidence. The Kafiri/Nuristani languages contain certain phonetic features not found in Indo-Iranian languages. Their chief deity is Imra i.e. Yamaraja which was brought there by the Dasas who worshipped Asuras especially Yama and Varuna. Their primary goddess was Disani. They also worshipped Indra or Inder.

Invasion of Timur (1398)
On his way to India, Timur attacked the Siyah-Posh in 1398 A.D. after receiving complaints from the trading city of Andarab by raids from Kafirs. He penetrated it from Khawak pass and restored an old fortress there. Timur personally proceeded against the Kator/Katwar and sent a detachment of 10,000 soldiers against Siyah-Poshas under Burhan Aglan and had the fort of Kator/Katwar deserted by Kafirs destroyed while the houses of the city were burnt.

The Kafirs took refuge on top of a hill and many were killed in the ensuing clash. Some held out for three days but agreed to convert after Timur offered them the choice between death and Islam. They however soon apostatised and ambushed Muslim soldiers in the night. They were however repelled and a number of the Kafirs were killed, with 150 taken prisoner and later executed. Timur ordered his men "to kill all the men, to make prisoners of women and children, and to plunder and lay waste all their property." His soldiers carried out the order and he directed them to build a tower of skulls of the dead Kafirs. Timur had his expedition engraved on a neighboring hill in the month of Ramazan. His detachment sent against Siyah-Posh however met with disaster with Aglan routed and fleeing. A small detachment of 400 men under Muhammad Azad was sent and defeated the Kafirs, retrieving the horses and armour Aglan lost. Timur captured a few places later, though nothing more is stated, presumably he left the Siyah-Posh alone. He then proceeded to exterminate the rebellious Afghan tribes and crossed the Sindhu river in September 1398.

Conversion to Islam (late 19th century)
The territory between Afghanistan and British India was demarcated between 1894 and 1896. Part of the frontier lying between Nawa Kotal in outskirts of Mohmand country and Bashgal Valley on outskirts of Kafiristan were demarcated by 1895 with an agreement reached on 9 April 1895. Emir Abdur Rahman Khan invaded Kafiristan in the winter of 1895-1896 and captured it in 40 days according to his autobiography. Columns invaded it from the west through Panjshir to Kullum, the strongest fort of the region. The columns from the north came through Badakhshan and from the east through Asmar. A small column also came from south-west through Laghman. A small number of Kati refugee's escaped across the border into Kalash territory which was on the British side. Villages were founded in a number of valley's with Brumbutal in the Bumboret valley and Kunisht in a neighbouring Kalash valley, however these to would become Islamic within a generation. The Kafirs were converted to Islam and resettled in Laghman while the region was settled by veteran soldiers and other Afghans. Kafiristan was renamed as Nooristan.

The former Kafiristan's people were renamed Nuristani (The Enlightened Ones) from the proper noun Nuristan (Land of Enlightenment). Presently they are known by Nuristani Kata or simply Kata.

Georg Morgenstierne visited the Bumboret Valley in 1929 during his field work on Nuristani (Kafir) languages. He encountered the two last remaining unconverted "Kafir" priests of the region, called Bagashai and Kareik. Bagashai deceased after 1935.

Around 1890, the Katir Kafir division was further sub-divided as under:

 * The Katirs of Bashgul Valley.
 * The Katirs or the Kti Valley,
 * The Kulam Katirs of the Kulam country and
 * The Ramguli Katirs of Ramgul Valley.
 * The Kata of Chitral: Gobor, Rumbur, Bumboret
 * The Jana Matongdir Katirs of Ozhor Valley.

title: Kata people


text:
Thomas Fleming (political writer)

Thomas Fleming (born 1945) is a traditionalist Catholic writer, former president of the Rockford Institute, and former editor of Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, a monthly paleoconservative political magazine.

Fleming has been described as a leading figure in developing neo-Confederate ideology. He was a founding member of the League of the South, and a founding editor of Southern Partisan magazine in 1979, but later left both organizations.

Biography
Thomas Fleming was awarded a doctorate in classics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, completing his dissertation on Attic Greek lyric poetry, and until joining a series of conservative groups, taught Latin at a small, private middle school in South Carolina. In addition to editing, Fleming has written on topics concerning the literature of pagan Greece as well as political issues.

Fleming was introduced to the paleoconservative public by Robert W. Whitaker of South Carolina in 1982. At that time, he was invited to contribute to Whitaker's book, The New Right Papers, which put together ways whereby conservative populists could be elected to office through an alliance of people from both parties in the Republican Party.

Fleming was a founding member and board member of the League of the South, from which he was reported to have resigned in 2002, as well as an affiliated scholar of its educational arm, the League of the South Institute. He was a founding editor of the Southern Partisan magazine in 1979, with Clyde Wilson. Its masthead included "a range of conservative figures from old segregationists to New Right leaders", as described by the academics Euan Hague and Edward Sebesta. He left in 1983 after disputes at the magazine. In 1985, after the death of author Leopold Tyrmand, Fleming became editor of ''Chronicles Magazine.  In 1988 he co-wrote The Conservative Movement'' with Paul Gottfried.

As of June 2015, Fleming retired as editor of Chronicles magazine, but continued contributing articles on an occasional basis. As of the July 2015 issue of Chronicles, the magazine's former Senior Editor For Books, Chilton Williamson Jr., became editor for the publication. In December 2022, Fleming returned once more to Chronicles to take the mantle of editorship at the magazine.

Views
Fleming has been described as a leading figure in developing neo-Confederate ideology.

Immigration
Criticizing mass immigration into the United States, Fleming, in an essay in Immigration and the American Future, wrote that American elites peddle a form of propositionalism: "This abstract approach to assimilation derives, ultimately, from the conviction - as naive as it is chauvinistic - that America is an exceptional country, one not rooted in blood, soil, and kinship, but a nation 'dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal'. Proponents of this are quick to label the more old-fashioned view, that the nation is a metaphorical extended family, as bigotry, but no amount of repetition or rhetorical extravagance can disguise the dangerous logic that is at work. If I love my country because it is mine, I must be loyal to it, even when I disagree with its policies, but I do not necessarily regard it as superior to everyone else's country, and I may have no inclination to say that all other countries, to the extent that they are legitimate and worthy of respect, must approximate my own."

He then explains how this type of American propositionalism impacts immigration: "But that this is exactly what the advocates of the "propositional nation" do insist upon. The United States is not only the best nation in the history of the world, but also it is the beacon to all mankind, the natural home of all the good and decent people in the world and the enemy to all regimes that deny their subjects equal rights. Thus, by the same argument, a propositional nation is obliged to open its borders to strangers "yearning to breathe free," but it is also justified in engaging in endless crusades to impose its propositions on the rest of the world."

Ron Paul
Chronicles Magazine often runs news articles of interest to the old right. Writing on Congressman Ron Paul and his bid for the presidency, Fleming wrote: "Dr. Paul has his zany side: He believes in the Constitution of the old American republic, and he actually thinks it has some relevance for America today. God bless him, I would vote for him if only for pretending to embrace such a heartwarming fantasy. As it is, I am convinced he believes what he says. (His candor and sincerity alone are enough to disqualify him as a serious presidential candidate in these United States.) Paul not only wants, in principle, to restore the republic but also opposes the continued erosion of states' rights and U.S. sovereignty."

Like Paul, Fleming favors non-interventionism and has criticized the neoconservative foreign policy.

Religion
Fleming affirms the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy and has urged the Eastern Orthodox Churches to submit to the immediate, universal jurisdiction and absolute authority of the See of Rome. He notes, "The Eastern position, from fairly early on and down to fairly late, was unequivocal in acknowledging the primacy of the Roman bishop, and even today most Orthodox bishops and theologians I know concede that if the Church were reunited, the heir of Peter would preside over the meetings of the patriarchs – indeed, in some Eastern ecclesiastical disputes in recent years, appeals have been made to the Pope."

Racism controversy
Fleming has made several controversial statements regarded by some as racist in nature, although he denies that he and most paleoconservatives support racism. Examples of incendiary comments include the following statements taken from his columns in Chronicles:
 * "In South Africa and Rhodesia, it is hard to understand the position taken by English liberals whose efforts on behalf of Africans reached entirely predictable conclusions. In the post War South, a very basic struggle was engaged between Whites and Blacks. The old Bourbons—who were hardly less racist than the populists who succeeded them—made some attempt to protect the interests of Black people, especially the small middle class and those whose families had been attached to them. There was also a sense of noblesse oblige. These honorable sentiments, however, seemed a bit antiquated in the midst of Reconstruction, and the ill effects of the Second Reconstruction, still being experienced in acute form in most of the USA, is a warning against social revolution."
 * "What is racial profiling, if not an acknowledgment that different racial and ethnic groups are statistically more likely than other groups to engage in different sorts of illegal behavior. The Irish, who have a genetic weakness for alcohol, are too prone to get into fights, while Sicilians and South Italians have demonstrated an amazing ability to organize extortion, protection, prostitution, and gambling rackets. When O. J. Simpson kills a white woman or engages in other violent acts, he is simply living up to a statistical stereotype that informs us that African Americans, who make up less than 15% of the population, commit roughly 50% of violent crimes. And, O. J. is as exemplary a representative of his group's criminality as Bernie Madoff, John Gotti, Mohammed Atta, and Joaquin 'El Chapo' Loera Guzman (a billionaire Mexican drug lord who made the exclusive Forbes list in 2009) are of theirs."

The Southern Poverty Law Center has listed Fleming as a key intellectual in the neo-Confederate movement. In a 2002 article on the paleoconservative trend in right wing politics, the SPLC stated: "While mainstream neo-conservatives are tight with the GOP, so-called paleocon intellectuals have carved a niche for themselves as staunch, old-right traditionalists who romanticize the pre-civil rights era South. Fleming, who is Chronicles' editor, has gone so far as to describe the 19th century Ku Klux Klan as a 'national liberation army.

Fleming has strenuously denied these allegations, writing: "It is an easy trick of propaganda to portray all natural affections in the dark colors of prejudice. Why would anyone like the South if it were not for slavery and Jim Crow?  Who but an antisemite objects to the slaughter of the (semitic) Palestinians? Only a communist or a Jew would oppose the Führer. . . . The average American does have a conservative heart, but his mind has been so addled by bad teachers, bad books, and bad ideas that he often feels guilty if he prefers to limit his charity to his neighbors, if he resents the money squandered on public schools, if he does not share in the general glee over the massive immigration that is transforming the country of his fathers into something he cannot recognize. He is easily intimidated when the left condemns this vague, inchoate mixture of family loyalty and patriotism as the bigotry of the "extreme right." In fact, the ultraleft Southern Poverty Law Center is always railing against "right-wing extremism," by which they mean everyone to the right of The New Republic—up to and including Matthew Hale. . . . Why should any conservative care if he is attacked by the leftists of the SPLC and ADL or those of the New York Times? These people have lies in their mouths, blood on their hands for the great genocides of the 20th century, and guilt on their consciences for the seduction of the innocent and the destruction of our civilization. Our task, as our late friend Mel Bradford put it, is to remember who we are and stop our ears against the siren songs of the revolutionists, which have proved to be not the anthems of a new dawn but a message of hate and filth that leads to destruction."

Books

 * "Old Rights and New Right" in The New Right Papers, Robert W. Whitaker, Ed. (1982) ISBN 0-312-56927-0.
 * The Conservative Movement (1988, with Paul Gottfried) ISBN 0-8057-9724-6.
 * West Point: Blue and Grey (1988) ISBN 1-59687-356-6.
 * The Politics of Human Nature (1993) ISBN 1-56000-693-5.
 * The Morality of Everyday Life: Rediscovering an Ancient Alternative to the Liberal Tradition (2004) ISBN 0-8262-1509-2.
 * Socialism (2007) ISBN 0-7614-2632-9.
 * Socialism (2007) ISBN 0-7614-2632-9.

title: Thomas Fleming (political writer)


text:
A. C. Gibbs

Addison Crandall Gibbs (July 9, 1825 – December 29, 1886) was an American politician. He was the second Governor of Oregon from 1862 until 1866, and previously served in the Oregon Territory's legislative body and later the state legislature.

Early life
Addison Crandall Gibbs was born on July 9, 1825, in Cattaraugus County, New York. He attended and graduated from a state-run normal school before becoming a teacher. Later he passed the bar and moved to California in 1849.

Oregon
In 1850, A. C. Gibbs moved to the Oregon Territory. There he moved to the town of Gardiner on the Umpqua River where he would become a member of the Oregon Territorial Legislature in 1852. He was also appointed as a customs collector for Gardiner, located at the mouth of the Umpqua.

In 1860, Gibbs relocated to Portland, Oregon, where he was elected to the state house. In 1862, he was elected as Governor of Oregon; his term began on September 10, 1862, thus he served during the American Civil War. In 1864, responding to orders from the United States Congress, Gibbs raised an infantry regiment despite opposition from Oregonians. He also used his political power in Oregon to quash secessionist movements. His term ended on September 12, 1866.

After his term as governor, Gibbs was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate in 1866 to replace James W. Nesmith with Henry W. Corbett as the selection of the Oregon Legislature. Gibbs then served as the United States District Attorney for the United States District of Oregon and as a commissioner for the state to settle war claims from the wars against the Native Americans. Gibbs, as Oregon District Attorney, was controversially removed from office by President Ulysses S. Grant's Attorney General George Henry Williams, former Senator from Oregon, while Gibbs was prosecuting election frauds in Oregon. He then returned to private practice in Portland at what is now Miller Nash Graham & Dunn LLP.

Death
Addison Crandall Gibbs died in London, England, on December 29, 1886. His remains were returned from England by an act of the Oregon Legislature and he was interred at the River View Cemetery in Portland in 1887.

title: A. C. Gibbs


text:
Thomas Fleming

Thomas Fleming may refer to:

Politicians and nobility

 * Thomas Fleming, Earl of Wigtown (died c. 1382), second person to hold the title earl of Wigtown
 * Thomas Fleming, 2nd Baron Slane (1358–1435), member of the Irish Parliament, 1394–1395
 * Thomas Fleming, 10th Baron Slane (died 1598), member of the Irish parliament of 1585
 * Thomas Fleming (died 1624) (1572–1624), English landowner and politician
 * Thomas Willis Fleming (1819–1890), English landed proprietor and Conservative MP
 * Tom Fleming (Irish politician) (born 1951), Independent Teachta Dála (TD) for Kerry South

Sportspeople

 * Tom Fleming (baseball) (1873–1957), 19th-century baseball player
 * Tom Fleming (bowls), English lawn bower
 * Tom Fleming (footballer) (1901–?), English football defender
 * Tom Fleming (hurler) (1901–1960), Irish full-back hurler
 * Tom Fleming (runner) (1951–2017), American runner
 * Tommy Fleming (soccer) (1890–1965), Scottish American football (soccer) player

Others

 * Thomas Fleming (bishop) (1593–1665), Irish Franciscan and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin
 * Thomas Fleming (flourmiller) (1848–1930), New Zealand flourmiller
 * Thomas Fleming (historian) (1927–2017), American historian and writer of historical fiction
 * Sir Thomas Fleming (judge) (1544–1613), English judge
 * Thomas Fleming (political writer) (born 1945), editor of Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture
 * Thomas C. Fleming (1907–2006), American journalist
 * Tom Fleming (actor) (1927–2010), Scottish actor and BBC commentator
 * Tom Fleming (artist) (born 1966), artist
 * Tom Fleming, bass player of the English band Wild Beasts
 * Tommy Fleming (musician) (born 1971), Irish singer

title: Thomas Fleming


text:
Talk:Macedonian denar

Denar
The name of the currency is denar, and "Macedonian" doesn't come before it officially, and no other currency today is called denar. I believe that denar is where this article should belong, while a footnote be included at the top diverting to the actual dinar main page. Compare this with German Mark which redirects to Deutsche Mark, but at least Deutsche was part of the actual name. --Juicy Oranges (talk) 21:28, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:40, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Billete de diez denar de Macedonia.jpg

title: Talk:Macedonian denar


text:
Lubondai

A small rural location in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lubondai or Lubondaie is characterized by its Presbyterian and Methodist missions that have built schools, hospitals, and stations.

title: Lubondai


text:
Michael H. Gelb

Professor Michael H. Gleb (born 1957) is an American biochemist and chemist specializing in enzymes and particularly those of medical significance. He is the Boris and Barbara L. Weinstein Endowed Chair in Chemistry at the University of Washington in Seattle. He also teaches Honors Organic Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Enzymology.

Education
Gelb studied chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, Davis before taking a Ph.D under Stephen G. Sligar at Yale University on aspects of the catalytic mechanism of cytochrome P450. Granted an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellowship, he then investigated mechanism-based inactivators of serine proteases and developed fluorinated ketones as tight-binding inhibitors of several classes of proteases, working with Robert H. Abeles at Brandeis University.

Professional life
Since 1985 Gleb has been a faculty member at the University of Washington in the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

In order to investigate enzymatic processes of biomedical importance, the Gelb laboratory employs a variety of methods from molecular and cellular biochemistry as well as synthetic organic chemistry. Major accomplishments from the Gelb laboratory include: 1) The discovery of protein isoprenylation in the late 1980s (together with Professor John Glomset); 2) The development of methods to analyze enzymes that work on membrane surfaces (together with Professors Mahendra Jain and Otto Berg); 3) The development of Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags for quantitative proteomics (together with Professors Ruedi Aebersold and Frank Turecek); 4) The development of tandem mass spectrometry for newborn screening of enzyme deficiency diseases (together with Professors Frank Turecek and C. Ronald Scott). Routine newborn screening of lysosomal storage diseases using technology developed in the Gelb laboratory was brought into use in New York state in 2006 . Plans are underway to expand screening in other regions of the US and in several other countries.

His current research interests include: 1) Studying the function and regulation of a group of enzymes called phospholipase A2 that are involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis related to inflammation; 2) Anti-malaria and anti-trypanosome drug discovery; 3) New technology for the newborn screening of enzyme deficiency diseases including lysosomal storage diseases.

Awards
Gelb's awards include:
 * Gustavus John Esselen Award (2013) for Chemistry in the Public Interest, NE Section, American Chemical Society (2013)
 * Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2009-)
 * Harry and Catherine Jaynne Boand Endowed Professor of Chemistry (2008-)
 * Merit Award from the National Institutes of Health (2007-)
 * Medicines for Malaria Venture Project of the Year (2002).
 * Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society (1993).
 * ICI Pharmaceuticals Award for Excellence in Chemistry (1993).
 * Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.
 * Merck New Faculty Development Award (1986).
 * American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship (1983–85).

title: Michael H. Gelb


text:
Cardoso en Gulevandia

Cardoso en Gulevandia is the eighth album of Les Luthiers, released in October, 1991. The recording, like previous disks of the group, took place in the Ion studies in the city of Buenos Aires, in the month of October 1991. The name of the album is due to the homonymous work of the group. The soloist singers are Gabriel Renaud (Tenor) Cardoso, Lia Ferenese (Soprano) Creolina, Victor Torres (Baritone) Creolina's father

Side one

 * 1) "Iniciación a las Artes Marciales (Música Lejanamente Oriental)"
 * 2) "Sólo Necesitamos (Canción Ecológica)"
 * 3) "Una Canción Regia (Canon Escandaloso)"
 * 4) "Añoralgias (Zamba Catástrofe)"
 * 5) "Romance del Joven Conde, la Sirena y el Pájaro Cucú. Y la Oveja (Zoo-Cuento Infantil)"

Side two

 * 1) "Cardoso en Gulevandia (Opera Bilingüe)"

title: Cardoso en Gulevandia


text:
Ann Shoemaker

Ann Shoemaker (born Anne Dorothea Shoemaker; January 10, 1891 – September 18, 1978) was an American actress who appeared in 70 films and TV movies between 1928 and 1976. She portrayed Sara Roosevelt, mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt, in both the stage and film versions of Sunrise at Campobello.

She had two marriages. The first was with the actor Louis Leon Hall, by whom she had a daughter, Anne, who became a song lyricist. After divorcing, she was later married to the actor Henry Stephenson from 1922 until his death in 1956.

Shoemaker's Broadway credits include Half a Sixpence (1965), Sunrise at Campobello (1958), The Living Room (1954), Twilight Walk (1951), Dream Girl (1951), Woman Bites Dog (1946), The Rich Full Life (1945), Proof Thro' the Night (1942), Ah, Wilderness! (1941), Black Sheep (1932), The Silent Witness (1931), The Novice and the Duke (1929), Button, Button (1919), To-Night at 12 (1928), Speak Easy (1927), We All Do (1927), The Noose (1926), and The Great God Brown (1926).

Partial filmography

 * Chance at Heaven (1933) - Mrs. Harris
 * Cross Country Cruise (1934) - Mrs. O'Shaughnessy - Baby's Mother (uncredited)
 * Dr. Monica (1934) - Mrs. Hazlitt
 * Cheating Cheaters (1934) - Mrs. Grace Palmer
 * The Woman in Red (1935) - Cora Furness (uncredited)
 * A Dog of Flanders (1935) - Frau Ilse Cogez
 * Stranded (1935) - Mrs. Tuthill
 * Alice Adams (1935) - Mrs. Adams
 * Sins of Man (1936) - Anna Engel
 * Shall We Dance (1937) - Matron
 * They Won't Forget (1937) - Mrs. Mountford
 * Stella Dallas (1937) - Miss Margaret Phillibrown
 * The Life of the Party (1937) - Countess Martos
 * Romance of the Redwoods (1939) - Mother Manning
 * Almost a Gentleman (1939) - Mrs. Thompson (uncredited)
 * They All Come Out (1939) - Dr. Ellen Hollis
 * Babes in Arms (1939) - Mrs. Barton
 * The Farmer's Daughter (1940) - Mrs. Bingham
 * Seventeen (1940) - Mary Baxter
 * The Marines Fly High (1940) - Mrs. Hill
 * Curtain Call (1940) - Mrs. Middleton
 * An Angel from Texas (1940) - Addie Lou Coleman
 * My Favorite Wife (1940) - Ma - Nick's Mother
 * ''Girl from Avenue A (1940) - Mrs. Maddox
 * Strike Up the Band (1940) - Mrs. Connors
 * Ellery Queen, Master Detective (1940) - Lydia Braun
 * Scattergood Pulls the Strings (1941) - Mrs. Downs
 * You'll Never Get Rich (1941) - Mrs. Barton
 * Above Suspicion (1943) - Aunt Ellen
 * What a Woman (1943) - Senator's Wife (uncredited)
 * Man from Frisco (1944) - Martha Kennedy
 * Mr. Winkle Goes to War (1944) - Martha Pettigrew, Jack's Mother (uncredited)
 * Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944) - Mrs. Parker
 * What a Blonde (1945) - Mrs. DaFoe
 * Conflict (1945) - Nora Grant
 * Magic Town (1947) - Ma Peterman
 * Sitting Pretty (1948) - Mrs. Ashcroft (uncredited)
 * The Return of the Whistler (1948) - Mrs. Barkley
 * Wallflower (1948) - Mrs. Dixie James
 * A Woman's Secret (1949) - Mrs. Matthews
 * Shockproof (1949) - Dr. Daniels (uncredited)
 * The Reckless Moment (1949) - Mrs. Catherine Feller (uncredited)
 * House by the River (1950) - Mrs. Ambrose
 * Sunrise at Campobello (1960) - Sara Delano Roosevelt
 * The Fortune Cookie (1966) - Sister Veronica

title: Ann Shoemaker


text:
Swalcliffe

Swalcliffe is a village and civil parish about 5 mi west of Banbury in Oxfordshire. The parish is about 2+1/2 mi long north–south and about 1 mi east–west. The 2011 Census recorded the population of the modern Swalcliffe parish as 210. The toponym "Swalcliffe" comes from the Old English swealwe and clif, meaning a slope or cliff frequented by swallows. The ancient parish of Swalcliffe was larger than the present civil parish, and included the townships of East Shutford, Epwell, Sibford Ferris, Sibford Gower and West Shutford.

Archaeology
About 3/4 mi northeast of the village are the remains of an Iron Age hill fort on Madmarston Hill and the site of a Roman villa at Swalcliffe Lea. The hill fort is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The site of the villa is close to the course of a former Roman road running approximately east–west. Its course is now a bridleway. One authority asserts that there was a Roman or Romano-British village here.

Manor
Swalcliffe Manor house has a 13th-century service wing and a 14th-century hall. In the 16th century the hall was divided up and a solar was added. The house has later additions including a 20th-century extension. It is a Grade I listed building.

Parish church
The Church of England parish church of St Peter and St Paul is Anglo-Saxon in origin but was rebuilt in the 12th and 14th centuries. The bell tower was built in the 13th century and made higher in the 15th century. The church is a Grade I listed building. The tower has a ring of six bells cast by Matthew I Bagley and Henry II Bagley of Chacombe, Northamptonshire in 1685. Richard Sanders of Bromsgrove recast one of them in 1720. St Peter and Paul's parish is a member of the Benefice of Wykeham, along with the parishes of Broughton, Epwell, Shutford, Sibford Gower and Tadmarton.

Tithe barn
Swalcliffe tithe barn was built for New College, Oxford in 1401–07. It has an almost completely intact medieval timber half-cruck roof and is considered the finest medieval tithe barn in Oxfordshire and one of the best examples in England. It is a Grade I listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The barn is open free of charge on Sundays from Easter to October and houses part of the Oxfordshire Museum's collection of traditional agricultural and trade vehicles and an exhibition of 2,500 years of Swalcliffe history. The building has similarities to the tithe barns at Adderbury and Upper Heyford, which also were built for New College around the beginning of the 15th century.

Amenities
Swalcliffe has a 17th-century public house, The Stag's Head. There is also a village hall.

Swalcliffe Park School is a boarding school for boys with special educational needs. It is housed in Swalcliffe Park, a Grade II listed former stately home originally built in the 16th century and remodelled in the 18th century. It is a specialist residential and day school for boys aged 11–19 who have needs arising from their Autistic Spectrum conditions. In day and residential settings, the school emphasises the development of students' communication, independence, self-management and personalised achievement. Many pupils have additional needs associated with other diagnoses; e.g. ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia or Specific Language Impairment. It is run by the Swalcliffe Park School Trust, a registered charity.

Formerly Stagecoach in Warwickshire bus 50A to Banbury and Stratford-Upon-Avon served Swalcliffe several times a day.

Helicopter crash
On the 8 April 1986 an McAlpine Helicopters Ltd, Aérospatiale AS 355F1 Twin Squirrel (G-BKIH) was flying over Swalcliffe from Pangbourne to Alton Towers when the aircraft engine failed. The helicopter crashed & caught fire, killing all Six passengers and crew.

title: Swalcliffe


text:
Second Peel ministry

The second Peel ministry was formed by Sir Robert Peel in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1841.

History
Peel came to power for a second time after the Conservative victory in the General Election caused the Whig government of Lord Melbourne to resign.

Henry Goulburn was Chancellor of the Exchequer, the future Prime Minister Lord Aberdeen Foreign Secretary and Sir James Graham Home Secretary. William Gladstone, who was yet to join the Liberal Party, became a member of the cabinet for the first time in 1843 when he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. His future rival Benjamin Disraeli was overlooked by Peel and was a sharp critic of the government.

The government was brought down by Peel's decision in 1846 to support the repeal of the Corn Laws, leading to a split in the Tory party and the formation of a Whig government under Lord John Russell.

Changes

 * October 1841: Lord FitzGerald succeeds Lord Ellenborough as President of the Board of Control.
 * February 1842: The Duke of Buccleuch succeeds the Duke of Buckingham as Lord Privy Seal.
 * May 1843: Lord Ripon succeeds FitzGerald as President of the Board of Control. William Gladstone succeeds Ripon at the Board of Trade.
 * May 1844: Lord Granville Somerset, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, enters the Cabinet. Sir Henry Hardinge leaves the cabinet. His successor as Secretary at War is not in the Cabinet.
 * February 1845: William Gladstone resigns as President of the Board of Trade. His successor in that post is not in the Cabinet. The First Commissioner of Woods and Forests, Lord Lincoln, enters the Cabinet, while Sir Edward Knatchbull, the Paymaster, leaves it.
 * May 1845: Sidney Herbert, the Secretary at War, enters the Cabinet.
 * December 1845: Gladstone succeeds Lord Stanley as Secretary for War and the Colonies.
 * January 1846: The Duke of Buccleuch succeeds Lord Wharnecliffe as Lord President. Lord Haddington succeeds Buccleuch as Lord Privy Seal. Ellenborough succeeds Haddington as First Lord of the Admiralty. Lincoln becomes Chief Secretary for Ireland. His successor as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests is not in the Cabinet.

List of ministers
Members of the Cabinet are indicated by bold face.

 * Notes

title: Second Peel ministry


text:
1991 in archaeology

The year 1991 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

 * Dmanisi historic site, Georgia.
 * November–December - Scar boat burial, Orkney.
 * November 4 - An archaeological expedition is launched in France, eventually resulting in the discovery of a mass grave and identification of the body of the novelist Alain-Fournier, 77 years after his death as Lieutenant Henri-Alban Fournier in World War I.

Finds

 * July - Rock art at Cosquer cave in Cap Morgiou, France.
 * September 19 - Ötzi the Iceman.
 * September 25 - First fragment of Dmanisi hominins in Georgia.
 * September - Fourteen Ancient Egyptian Boats (First Dynasty) identified at Abydos.
 * Cuetlajuchitlán discovered in Mexico.
 * Remains of monks at Mor Gabriel Monastery in Turkey killed by Timur's troops in 1401 are found in caves underneath the monastery.
 * Cores and samples from a roof in Pueblo Bonito are dated to ca. A.D. 1082.

Publications

 * Joan M. Gero and Margaret W. Conkey (ed.) - Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-16505-3
 * Richard Hodges - Wall-to-Wall History: the Story of Roystone Grange. London: Duckworth ISBN 0-7156-2342-7
 * Charles D. Trombold and David W. Wagner - "Analysis of Prehistoric Roadways in Chaco Canyon Using Remotely Sensed Digital Data." Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38337-4.
 * Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn - Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28147-5.

Awards

 * Archaeologist Colin Renfrew has created a life peer as Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, of Hurlet in the District of Renfrew.

Events

 * Gulf War: The Basra Museum is extensively looted.

Deaths

 * January 18 - Clarence Hungerford Webb, American archaeologist (b. 1902)
 * March 31 - A. W. Lawrence, English Classical archaeologist (b. 1900)

title: 1991 in archaeology