text:
Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood

The Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, or simply the Central Chancery, is an office of the Lord Chamberlain's department within the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for the administration of orders of chivalry and some aspects of honours in general. It does not deal with nominations or decisions on appointments, but rather administers the appointment procedures and investitures, and provides the insignia. It is a small office, with eight staff in 2019.

History and duties
The office was established by King Edward VII in April 1904 in response to the recommendations of a committee set up in 1902 to consider changes to the administration of the honours system. The new office replaced the ad hoc arrangements which had evolved over time. The Central Chancery is headed by a Secretary, who is assisted by an Assistant Secretary.

Since 1991, the Secretary of the Central Chancery has been the same individual who serves as Assistant Comptroller to the Lord Chamberlain's Office, and currently serves ex-officio as the registrar of the Royal Victorian Order and of the Order of the British Empire.

Since 1931, the office has been held by retired and active duty officers of the Armed Forces.

The current secretary, Lt.Col. Stephen Segrave, took part in the Royal Procession at the 2023 Coronation, leading the contingent representing orders of chivalry and gallantry award holders.

List of secretaries

 * Sir Francis Morgan Bryant (1916–1931)
 * Rear Admiral Philip John Hawkins Lander Row (1931–1932)
 * Commander Dudley Colles (1932–1936)
 * Major Sir Henry Hudson Fraser Stockley (1936–1946)
 * Brigadier Sir Ivan de la Bere (1946–1960)
 * Major General Sir Cyril Harry Colquhoun (1960–1968)
 * Major General Sir Peter Bernard Gillett (1968–1979)
 * Major General Sir Desmond Hind Garrett Rice (1980–1989)
 * Lieutenant Colonel Sir Walter Ross (1989–1991)
 * Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Charles McClure Mather (1991–1999)
 * Lieutenant Colonel Robert Guy Cartwright (1999–2005)
 * Lieutenant Colonel Sir Alexander Fergus Matheson of Matheson, 8th Baronet (2005–2014)
 * Lieutenant Colonel James Vernon (2014–2019)
 * Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Segrave (2019–present)


text: User talk:68.46.237.39

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.46.237.39


text:
Estadio Centenario

Estadio Centenario is a stadium in the Parque Batlle of Montevideo, Uruguay, used primarily for staging football matches. It is owned by the Montevideo Department. The stadium was built between 1929 and 1930 to host the inaugural 1930 FIFA World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centenary of Uruguay's first constitution. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums. On July 18, 1983, it was declared by FIFA as the first Historical Monument of World Football, to this day the only building to achieve this recognition worldwide.

Estadio Centenario is the national stadium of Uruguay and the primary home of their national football team. Uruguay has always been a threat when playing in their home stadium, consistently beating top teams. Even the top-ranked Brazil national football team has only managed three wins in 20 attempts; two were official matches during 2010 and 2018 World Cup qualification, but one was Uruguay's heaviest defeat at the stadium when they lost 4–0 to Brazil in 2009.

History
The construction of the Centenario is one of the most important stages in the development of sports in South America and international football. It was built especially for the 1930 FIFA World Cup, by immigrant workers in a record time of nine months. Its name originates from the 100-year-celebration of the ratification of the first Constitution of Uruguay.

Initially, all World Cup matches were to be played in the Centenario. However, heavy rains in Montevideo delayed construction of the stadium, so that several matches had to be played in the Pocitos Stadium of C.A. Peñarol, and the Parque Central of Club Nacional de Football. It was inaugurated on July 18, 1930, with a match between Uruguay and Peru; the Celeste won 1–0 with a goal by Hector "Manco" Castro.

The final match of the inaugural World Cup matched Uruguay and Argentina, with Uruguay winning 4–2. Since then, the Centenario has been the scene of Copa América (1942, 1956, 1967, 1995), three South American Youth Championships (1979, 2003, 2015), a South American Under-17 Football Championship (1999) and 1980 Mundialito.

In 2021, the Centenario was selected as host of the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana finals. The stadium was renovated to prepare for those matches. The total cost of the works was $6 million and included the renovation of the grandstands, bathrooms, VIP boxes, and press boxes, along with a new illumination system and new pitch.

Tenants
Aside from the Uruguay national team, any football club can rent the stadium for its home matches. Peñarol has done that often, and Nacional rents it for some international matches. Peñarol played all of its home matches at the stadium from 1933 until it moved to Estadio Campeón del Siglo in 2016.

In the case of other Uruguayan teams, they often decide to play there against both Peñarol and Nacional.

Grandstands
The stadium has four grandstands separated by four lanes. The main one is the Olympic Tribune (and lower Platea known as Olympic), which is named so because the team had won two Olympic championships in a row (1924 and 1928). This has a maximum capacity of 21,648 spectators located in the three rings and the audience. Then there are the "popular", so called because they are sold cheaper, these are: the Colombes, in honor of the Colombes, France in which the national team became Olympic champions 1924 and Amsterdam, because it was where the Celeste were crowned Olympic champions for the second time in 1928. The Grandstand Colombes accommodates 13,914 spectators while the Amsterdam accommodates 13,923. The America Tribune is parallel to the Olympic one. There are also "VIP" boxes and press boxes with room for 1,882 spectators, as well as the platform has room for 2,911 spectators, and additionally the grandstand has room for 5,957 people.

Under the Olympic Grandstand are located primary school "Nº 100 Héctor Fígoli"; and the Museum of Uruguayan Football. Under the Colombes Grandstand is located Police Station Nº9.

Other facilities
Inside the Centenario stadium, there are other facilities such as the "Uruguayan Football Museum" which highlights the sporting achievements of the Uruguayan national team. It is located under the Olympic grandstand of the Centenario stadium and was inaugurated on December 15, 1975. In 2004, it underwent a remodeling, in which a panoramic elevator was added to the Torre de los Homenajes.

The Museum has a large collection of objects that are reminders of the most outstanding moments of Uruguayan and world football. This is administered by the Official Field Administrative Commission (CAFO), which is made up of representatives of the AUF and the Montevideo Municipal Government. On July 21, 1929, the founding stone of the Stadium was laid, which is located under the tower and can also be visited. Estadio Centenario is equipped to accommodate visitors with Disability. The stadium features wheelchair-accessible seating areas, elevators, and ramps. Additionally, dedicated restroom facilities and amenities are available for differently-abled spectators.

There is also a school running under the Olympic grandstand.

1930 FIFA World Cup
Estadio Centenario hosted ten matches of the 1930 FIFA World Cup, including both semi-final matches and the final match.

Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana Final
It hosted the final of the Copa Sudamericana on 20 November 2021 and the Copa Libertadores on 27 November 2021.

2030 FIFA World Cup
On October 4, 2023, Uruguay was announced as one of six host nations for the 2030 FIFA World Cup. To celebrate the centennial of the inaugural World Cup, Estadio Centenario is expected to host the opening match.

Concerts
The stadium has held numerous concerts by both national and international artists such as:

 * Aerosmith
 * Amaral
 * Árbol
 * Arnaldo Antunes
 * Attaque 77
 * Brian May
 * Bryan Adams
 * Buitres Después de la Una
 * Charly García
 * Chayanne
 * Enrique Iglesias
 * Eric Clapton
 * Fito Páez
 * Guns N' Roses
 * Joaquín Sabina
 * Joe Cocker
 * Joe Vasconcellos
 * Jorge Drexler
 * Los Olimareños
 * Los Piojos
 * Luciano Pavarotti
 * Luis Miguel
 * Maná
 * No Te Va Gustar
 * Nortec Collective
 * One Direction
 * Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota
 * Paul McCartney
 * Phil Collins
 * Plácido Domingo
 * ReyToro
 * Ricardo Arjona
 * Rod Stewart
 * Roger Waters
 * Roxette
 * Rubén Blades
 * Sebastian Bach
 * Serú Girán
 * Soledad Pastorutti
 * Soy Luna Live
 * Sting
 * Sui Generis
 * The Rolling Stones
 * Tini
 * Teen Angels
 * The Cult

title: Estadio Centenario


text:
Uncompahgre National Forest

Uncompahgre National Forest is a U.S. National Forest covering 955,229 acres (1,492.55 sq mi, or 3,865.68 km2) in (in descending order of land area) parts of Montrose, Mesa, San Miguel, Ouray, Gunnison, Hinsdale, San Juan, and Delta Counties in western Colorado. Its headquarters are in Delta County, in the city of Delta. It borders the San Juan National Forest to the south.

Within the national forest boundaries can be found the arid Uncompahgre Plateau and the northern portion of the San Juan Mountains. The forest contains three alpine wilderness areas: Uncompahgre (formerly the Big Blue Wilderness), Mount Sneffels, and Lizard Head.

Uncompahgre National Forest was established on June 14, 1905. The Uncompahgre, Grand Mesa, and Gunnison National Forests were all administered separately until 1954 when Grand Mesa and Uncompahgre started to be administered as a single unit, with Gunnison added in 1973. Today, Uncompahgre National Forest is administered jointly with the Grand Mesa and Gunnison National Forests from the Forest Supervisor's Office in Delta, Colorado. There are local ranger district offices located in Montrose, Gunnison, and Norwood.

Recreation
The varied climate, sparse population, and abundance of sun make the Uncompahgre National Forest popular with jeepers, atv'ers, sight seers, and hikers. A common recreational activity within the Forest boundaries is scenic driving, thanks in part to the Million Dollar Highway. Some other local attractions include Trout Lake and Bridal Veil Falls, near Telluride.

There are several dirt roads within the Uncompahgre; some are mining roads left from the 1800s mineral rush, others are occasionally used by the Forest Service. Paved roads include the San Juan Skyway, Alpine Loop, the Unaweep-Tabeguache Scenic and Historic Byway and Owl Creek Pass, which is gravel.

In 2024 the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests purchased the West Gold Hill Dinosaur Track site near Ouray, Colorado. The trackway includes 134 fossilized footsteps of a sauropod from the Late Jurassic. It is the world's only existing example of a 270-degree looped turn and has the most continuous steps.

Wilderness areas
There are three officially designated wilderness areas lying within Uncompahgre National Forest that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. One of them lies mostly in a neighboring National Forest, while another one extends onto land that is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (as indicated).
 * Lizard Head Wilderness (mostly in San Juan NF)
 * Mount Sneffels Wilderness
 * Uncompahgre Wilderness (partly on BLM land)

title: Uncompahgre National Forest


text:
User talk:Lepa

Please do not modify valid dates in articles. Pavel Vozenilek 03:49, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Akin.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Akin.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Thue | talk 16:43, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Darego.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Darego.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 09:04, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:MU1986.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:MU1986.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 22:29, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lepa


text:
ESPN NBA Basketball

ESPN NBA Basketball may refer to:

 * ESPN NBA Basketball (video game), a 2003 video game in the NBA 2K series
 * NBA on ESPN, television broadcast

title: ESPN NBA Basketball


text:
Twin tail

A twin tail is a type of vertical stabilizer arrangement found on the empennage of some aircraft. Two vertical stabilizers—often smaller on their own than a single conventional tail would be—are mounted at the outside of the aircraft's horizontal stabilizer. This arrangement is also known as an H-tail, as it resembles a capital "H" when viewed from the rear. The twin tail was used on a wide variety of World War II multi-engine designs that saw mass production, especially on the American B-24 Liberator and B-25 Mitchell bombers, the British Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax heavy bombers, and the Soviet Union's Petlyakov Pe-2 attack bomber.

It can be easily confused for the similarly named twin-boom (or "double tail") arrangement, which has two separate tail-booms from the same fuselage rather than a single tail with twin stabilizers (a singular "twin tail" vs. two identical tails).

One variation on the twin tail is the triple tail, but the twin-boom arrangement can also be considered a variation of the twin tail.

Design

Separating the control surfaces allows for additional rudder area or vertical surface without requiring a massive single tail. On multi-engine propeller designs twin fin and rudders operating in the propeller slipstream give greater rudder authority and improved control at low airspeeds, and when taxiing. A twin tail can also simplify hangar requirements, give dorsal gunners enhanced firing area, and in some cases reduce the aircraft's weight. It also affords a degree of redundancy: if one tail is damaged, the other may remain functional.

Most often, the twin vertical surfaces are attached to the ends of the horizontal stabilizer, but a few aircraft, like the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, Mitsubishi G3M and Dornier Do 19 bombers, had their twin vertical surfaces mounted to the upper surface of the fixed stabilizer instead, at some distance inwards from the horizontal stabilizer's tips.

Variations
Many canard aircraft designs incorporate twin tails on the tips of the main wing. Very occasionally, three or more tails are used, as on the Breguet Deux-Ponts, Lockheed Constellation and Boeing 314 Clipper. A very unusual design can be seen on the C-2 Greyhound and E-2 Hawkeye, which has two additional vertical tails fixed to the horizontal stabilizer between the normal vertical twin-tail surfaces. This arrangement was chosen for the stringent size limitations of carrier-based aircraft.

A special case of twin tail is the twin-boom tail or double tail, where the aft airframe consists of two separate fuselages, "tail booms", which each have a rudder but are usually connected by a single horizontal stabilizer. Examples of this construction are the twin-engined Lockheed P-38 Lightning; Northrop P-61 Black Widow; Focke-Wulf Fw 189; the single jet-engined de Havilland Vampire; cargo-carrying Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar and the little known Transavia PL-12 Airtruk.

Notable twin-tail aircraft
Significant aircraft with twin tails include the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Handley Page Halifax, Avro Lancaster, and P-38 Lightning. The arrangement is not limited to World War II-era aircraft, however. Many fighter aircraft, like the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Sukhoi Su-27, MiG-29, and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, make use of twin tail configurations, as do civilian and cargo designs like the Antonov An-14, Antonov An-22, Antonov An-28, Antonov An-38, Antonov An-225, Beechcraft 18, Beriev Be-12, ERCO Ercoupe, Short 330, Rutan Long-EZ and SpaceShipOne.

The V-22 Osprey uses a twin tail arrangement.

title: Twin tail


text:
Talk:Secret identity

Removal of "real life" secret identities
The examples of "real life" secret identities do not belong in this article. A secret identity is not the same as a pseudonym, pen name, alias, or a new identity established by witness protection are not the same thing as a secret identity. As the term is used it applies only to the fiction device, so that is what the article should be about. The other meanings already have articles so they need not be included here.--Darknus823 (talk) 04:31, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Large list of secret of fictional characters
I am chopping it down significantly (Weaponbb7 22:11, 4 March 2007 (UTC))

One of the few non-pulp or cb or cs characters to have a dual identity was John Eastland, the Exterminator from the 1980's films.

A few of the 1970's paperback characters may have had dual identities.

Paul Benjamin from Death Wish kept his identity secret, but had no code name.

Zorro appears to be a good example. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A45E:D106:1:C123:774A:6A51:49C3 (talk) 19:20, 10 May 2022 (UTC)

Secret identities of real people
I've changed the list of secret identities of real people so that the actual names of "X" and "Anonymous" are shown in the visible text of the article instead of the links. Remember that Wikipedia articles should be useful even if they're transferred to a medium with no links, such as when you click the "Printable version" link. In other words, it should not be the case that you can find out that "X" in the list refers to George F. Kennan only by clicking (or hovering over) the link, not by looking at the page.

I understand that this may seem inconsistent because the whole list doesn't include both secret and real identities (e.g., "Richard Bachmann" isn't followed by "(Stephen King)"), but most of the names are unique referents that the reader can look up on their own (again, imagine a print medium). Conversely, it may be unclear who "X" and "Anonymous" are supposed to be (and surely more than one person has used these names), so having actual names in parentheses will be more informative to readers.

So, that's the explanation for my change. Feedback is welcome as always. –Sommers (Talk) 19:14, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

the human torch does not keep his identity secret. (tony blanco) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tblanco (talk • contribs) 06:39, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Alter Ego vs. Secret Identity
What difference, if any, is there between secret identity and alter ego? --Dr Archeville 19:53, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * A character with alter egos will not necessarily have a secret identity. For instance if the duel states of such characters as Mr Hyde, Dr Bruce Banner or the less tanned Prince Adam became well known then, while the alter egos could remain, the secret identity would be busted.  Moreover, the term alter ego will apply to all personas of a character while the term secret identity can only apply to identities that are in some way secret.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gregkaye (talk • contribs) 16:44, 16 June 2014 (UTC)

problems with and suggestions for the opening statement
The opening statement reads:

A secret identity is an element of fiction[1] wherein a character develops a separate persona[2] (usually adopting a pseudonym)[3], while keeping their true[4] identity hidden.

[1] Secret identities are not limited to fiction! see: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%22Bob%20Woodward%22%20OR%20%22Carl%20Bernstein%22%20AND%20%22secret%20identity%22

[2] Fictional depictions of such characters are not limited character whose defining characteristic is their own willed development of a separate persona. The de character defining characteristic of someone who goes out either in darkness or goes out wearing a mask and acts as a vigilante is the action performed. That character could gain a reputation and have a persona applied to them but this does not mean that the character was involved with this development.

[3] "adopt"? Some lone operators chose their pseudonym though the use of calling cards or similar. Some team members may chose their codenames. In many other cases characters have little say in the pseudonym that gets attached to them. en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adopt.

[4] true? In the case of aliens and shapeshifters it is the baseline identity and not a secret identity that is true. Also, if one identity is true, is the other one false?

My proposals for the opening statement are: "A secret identity is a persona of character that is not generally known to be responsible for actions that are regarded to have been performed by another persona of the same character." OR "A secret identity is a persona of character that is not generally known to belong to the same person as another persona of the same character.

I know that this does not give the full picture of secret identity but it is more accurate than the current version. A central purpose of a secret identity is to preserve anonymity from the things that another persona does.Gregkaye (talk) 18:48, 16 June 2014 (UTC)

 * If the topic of the article is fictional secret identities then that is all that matters. It is irrelevant to count google results, and google searches aren't references. Bhny (talk) 14:02, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Secret identity


text:
Deadly Friend

Deadly Friend is a 1986 American science fiction horror film directed by Wes Craven, and starring Matthew Laborteaux, Kristy Swanson, Michael Sharrett, Anne Twomey, Richard Marcus, and Anne Ramsey. Its plot follows a teenage computer prodigy who implants a robot's processor into the brain of his teenage neighbor after she is pronounced brain dead; the experiment proves successful, but she swiftly begins a killing spree in their neighborhood. It is based on the 1985 novel Friend by Diana Henstell, which was adapted for the screen by Bruce Joel Rubin.

Originally, the film was a sci-fi thriller without any graphic scenes, with a bigger focus on plot and character development and a dark love story centering on the two main characters, which were not typical aspects of Craven's previous films. After Craven's original cut was shown to a test audience by Warner Bros., the audience criticized the lack of graphic, bloody violence and gore that Craven's other films included. Warner Bros. executive vice president Mark Canton and the film's producers then demanded script re-writes and re-shoots, which included filming gorier death scenes and nightmare sequences, similar to the ones from Craven's previous film, A Nightmare on Elm Street. Due to studio imposed re-shoots and re-editing, the film was drastically altered in post-production, losing much of the original plot and more scenes between characters, while other scenes, including more grisly deaths and a new ending, were added. According to the screenwriter, this version was criticized by the studio for containing too much graphic, bloody violence and was cut back for release.

In April 2014, an online petition for the release of the original cut was made.

Source material
Friend is a 1985 science fiction horror novel by Diana Henstell. It tells of a 13-year-old boy, Paul "Piggy" Conway who moves to a small town after his parents get divorced. There he befriends a girl named Samantha, but their friendship is cut short when her abusive father throws her down the stairs, mortally injuring her. Piggy tries to save her by implanting a microchip in her, but the reanimated Samantha is much more dangerous than she appears.

Plot
Teenage prodigy Paul Conway and his mother Jeannie move into their new house in the town of Welling. He soon becomes friends with paperboy Tom Toomey. Living next door to Paul is Samantha Pringle and her abusive, alcoholic father Harry. Paul built a robot named BB, which occasionally displays autonomous behavior, such as being protective of Paul. Paul, Jeannie, and BB meet Paul's professor, Dr. Johanson, at Polytech, a prestigious university where Paul has a scholarship.

One day, Tom, Paul and BB stop at the house of reclusive harridan Elvira Parker, who threatens them with a shotgun. The trio then encounters a motorcycle gang led by bully Carl. When Carl intimidates Paul, BB assaults him. Another day, while playing basketball, BB accidentally tosses the ball onto Elvira's porch. She takes the ball away from them and refuses to give it back. On Halloween night, Tom decides to pull a prank on Elvira with the help of Paul, Samantha and BB. BB unlocks her gate and Samantha rings her doorbell. When alarms go off, they hide in a shrubbery nearby. When Elvira sees BB standing near her porch, she destroys him with her shotgun, devastating Paul.

On Thanksgiving, Samantha has dinner with Paul and his mother, and Samantha and Paul share their first kiss. Samantha returns home late at night, outraging her father, who pushes her down the stairs. At the hospital, Paul learns that Samantha is brain dead and will be on life support for 24 hours before the plug is pulled. As BB's microchip can interface with the human brain, Paul decides to use it to revive Samantha with Tom's help. The boys enter the hospital using a key taken from Tom's father, who works there as a security guard. After Tom deactivates the power from the basement, Paul takes Samantha to his lab. He inserts the microchip into Samantha's brain and takes her back to his house, hiding her in the shed. After he activates the microchip, Samantha "wakes up", but her mannerisms are completely mechanical, suggesting BB is in control of her body.

In the middle of the night, Paul finds Samantha staring at the window, looking at her father, and he deactivates her. The next morning, Paul finds Samantha gone. When Harry finds the cellar door open and goes downstairs, Samantha attacks him, breaks his wrist and snaps his neck. Paul finds Samantha, and Harry's corpse, in the cellar. Horrified, he hides the body, takes Samantha back to his home and locks her in his bedroom. At night, Samantha breaks into Elvira's house and corners her by throwing her to the wall of her living room. As Elvira screams in horror, Samantha kills her by smashing her head with the basketball stolen from Tom.

When Tom learns of Samantha's rampage, he gets into a fight with Paul and threatens to call the police. Still being protective of Paul, Samantha jumps out the attic window and attacks Tom, with Paul and Jeannie intervening. Trying to get her under control, Paul slaps Samantha, resulting in her strangling him. Samantha, quickly coming to her senses, lets him go and runs away. As Paul goes after her, he again encounters Carl, who gets into a fight with him. Samantha goes back for Paul, grabs Carl and kills him by throwing him at an incoming police car. She runs back to Paul's shed, where Paul comforts her and realizes she's regaining some of her humanity. However, the police arrive with their guns aimed at Samantha, who yells out Paul's name in her human voice. She runs towards him, trying to protect him, but Sergeant Volchek (Lee Paul), thinking she's trying to attack him, shoots her. She says Paul's name one more time before dying in his arms.

Later at the morgue, Paul tries to steal Samantha's body once more. Suddenly, Samantha grabs Paul's neck and her face rips apart, revealing a terrifying variant of BB's head. Her skin strips away, revealing half-robotic bones underneath. With a robotic voice, Samantha tells him to come with her. When a horrified Paul screams, she snaps his neck, killing him.

Development
Wes Craven and Bruce Joel Rubin's original intent for the film was for it to be a science fiction thriller with the primary focus being on the dark love story between Paul and Samantha.

Casting
Kristy Swanson, 16 years old at the time of filming, was cast as Samantha. She admitted that Craven was unsure of her capability to play the role, but ultimately cast her, and was "always encouraging... always prodding me in subtle ways." She elaborated in a 1996 interview: "I committed myself completely to it. I just went full out with it. I wanted to do the best job I could possibly do. I was having the time of my life. As for the movie itself, some people love it, some people hate it. It is what it is. I really enjoyed making Deadly Friend. At that point in my life, it was spectacular."

Filming
Professional mime artist Richmond Shepard taught Swanson all of the robotic movements that her character has in the film. In an interview, Swanson said this about learning to walk in that specific way: "Getting those moves down was difficult at first. You don't think walking that way is hard until you actually try doing it. But Richmond was a good teacher and I picked up on most of the moves pretty quickly."

During filming of one of the studio-demanded scenes where Sam has a nightmare where her father attacks her in her room and she stabs him with a glass vase, there were difficulties on set with the special effects. Swanson mentioned, "The scene was set up so that I would hit a protective device inside his shirt. But during one take, I missed the device and glass actually shattered on his chest. I freaked out because I thought I had really stuck this glass into his chest. Everybody else just laughed." In another incident, the great amount of fake blood turned out to be a problem. "We had been working on that scene a long time. Finally, it was time for blood to spray out, but something leaked and we had blood spraying all over the set and myself. I was so tired that I started yelling, "More blood!" and the effects people really pumped it out."

In an interview with Maxim magazine in May 2000, Swanson said that the fake head of Elvira that was decimated by the basketball was stuffed with actual cow brains that the production crew picked up from a butcher shop. In a 2006 interview for The Hills Have Eyes, Craven mentioned problems that the basketball scene had with the MPAA: "On Deadly Friend, we had a scene where a nasty old lady gets her head knocked off with a basketball. The actual scene as it was originally cut was fabulous. She was running around the room like a chicken with its head cut off for ten, fifteen seconds. It was bizarre and wonderful and they cut the shit out of it. So I compiled what we called our "Decapitation Compilation," all the films that I knew of that had decapitations in them that had an R, and sent it to them. They immediately sent it back saying they just base it on what they feel in the room at the time. And we had like eight or ten films in there, like The Omen where the guy gets his head cut off by the sheet of glass, and it didn't matter to them."

Craven had a hand in selecting Bruce Joel Rubin to write the screenplay for Deadly Friend. Rubin agreed with Craven that the film should have a gentler tone than his other features. Craven couldn't write the script himself because he was directing episodes of The Twilight Zone at the time. Craven and producer Robert M. Sherman hired Rubin as the screenwriter because they read his script for Jacob's Ladder, which was unproduced at the time.

For the scene chronicling the transplant of BB's microchip into Samantha's brain, Craven called on the advice of retired neurosurgeon William H. Faeth, who has a cameo in the film as a coroner in Sam's hospital room. Craven said that he was very helpful on all the anatomical details.

The robot, BB, cost over $20,000 to build. Craven used a company called Robotics 21. His eyes were constructed from two 1950's camera lenses, a garage remote control unit, and a radio antenna taken from a Corvette. BB could actually lift 7,500 pounds in weight. The voice of BB was provided by Charles Fleischer, who appeared in Wes Craven's previous film A Nightmare on Elm Street as a doctor.

Earlier in production when the film was originally going to be a PG-rated sci-fi thriller, Craven wanted to make something that was similar to John Carpenter's 1984 sci-fi film Starman. Also, according to Swanson in a 1987 interview with Fangoria writer Mark Shapiro, "Craven suggested that I take a look at the movie Starman because what he wanted to do with Deadly Friend was similar in tone to that film." John Carpenter directed Starman because he wanted to get away from his reputation as a director of violent films, just like Wes Craven wanted to make Deadly Friend with a PG rating in mind so he could prove that he could make a film that was not simply "blood and guts" horror.

Post-production
According to the book Wes Craven: The Art of Horror by John Kenneth Muir, Craven's original cut of the film was "a teenage film filled with charm, wit, and solid performances by likeable teens Swanson and Laborteaux. It was definitely a mainstream, PG film all the way, similar in tone to Real Genius or Short Circuit, but the point was made that Craven could direct something other than double-barreled horror." After principal photography was completed, Craven's original version of the film was screened to a test audience mostly consisting of his fanbase. The response from them was negative, criticizing the lack of violence and gore seen in Craven's other films. Finding that Craven had a large fanbase within the horror genre, Warner Bros.' marketing team insisted that additional scenes of gore and horror be incorporated into the finished film.

The executive vice president of Warner Bros. at the time, Mark Canton, had Rubin write six additional gore scenes into his script, each bloodier than the last. Following the negative reactions from test audiences that saw Craven's first cut of the film and wanted a much more grisly product, it was re-edited in post-production and the more graphic deaths and other re-shot scenes were included, making the final film appear tonally jumbled. Furthermore, with the additional gore introduced, the film struggled being granted an R rating with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) instead of an X due to the overt violence. According to Craven, the film was submitted a total of thirteen times before it was passed.

Editor Michael Eliot was brought in by Warner Bros. to re-edit the original cut of Deadly Friend. Eliot went on to do the same for two other Warner Bros. films, Out for Justice and Showdown in Little Tokyo. While new scenes were added, others such as more scenes between Paul and Samantha that would have made the film more of a love story as originally intended were deleted for length and pacing reasons. Since re-writes, re-shoots, and post production re-editing heavily changed the original story, Craven and Rubin expressed strong anger and heartbreak at the studio and then virtually disowned the film.

Craven was no longer attracted to the story because of Samantha going on a killing spree when she is revived. He was much more interested in exploring the adults around her, all of whom seem to be monsters in human skin. In his own words: "The scares don't come from her, but from the ordinary people, who are actually much more frightening. A father who beats a child is a terrifying figure. That's the one person you're afraid of in the movie. The idea is along the lines that adults can be horrible, without being outside what society says is acceptable."

Swanson commented that she found herself and the other actors caught up in the studio's attempts to strong-arm Craven into making the film more visceral than what was originally intended. During both production and re-shoots, changes to the script were being made, title changes were being discussed, and there were many discussions about how violent and bloody the final film would be. All of these issues caused problems for the actors. Regarding the title changes, when Craven started the project, it was titled Friend, much like the Diana Henstell novel it was based on. The title was later changed to Artificial Intelligence and then to A.I. before the studio and producers finally settled on Deadly Friend.

In a 1990 interview with Fangoria journalist Daniel Schweiger, screenwriter Bruce Joel Rubin said this about the ending and why it stayed in the film: "That robot coming out of the girl's head belongs solely to Mark Canton, and you don't tell the president of Warner Bros. that his idea stinks!" Rubin also said how at the time, people were still blaming him for the ending where Samantha turns into a robot, even though Canton was the one who conceived it. He also mentioned that despite the fact that the studio destroyed the love story of the movie that he and Craven enjoyed, he still enjoyed working with Craven, confirming that he was not the one who wanted to change the film and that he should not be blamed for what happened to it. Rubin even said that production was one of the happiest experiences he ever had.

In another interview, Rubin told the story about how the $36,000 that he got paid for writing the script for Deadly Friend saved him from going nearly broke due to the four months long Writer's Guild strike and also helped him with a bar mitzvah for his son and to buy a house. In the same interview, Rubin said how at first, he did not want to write the script, but after changing his mind, he called Robert M. Sherman and got the job. He also said how working on the film was one of the most extraordinary experiences of his life: "It was a horror film with a lot of elements that are not things I wanted on my resume. And it didn't do very good business, but it was total fun. My kids were on the set every night. My five-year-old Ari was totally in love with Kristy Swanson, who was the lead. She later became Buffy the Vampire Slayer in the movie. She was really sweet to him and even took him on a date."

Censorship
Due to all of the gore scenes that were added into the film—as well as Craven's contentious history with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)—it was initially given an X rating. The film was trimmed and resubmitted to the MPAA thirteen times before it was granted an R-rating. Most of the cuts were made to the death scenes of Harry and Elvira.

Marketing
The theatrical trailer for the film released by Warner Bros. represented it as a straightforward horror film, omitting any reference to its science fiction elements, with BB not appearing in a single frame. The mixture of teenagers and terror as seen in the trailer implied that Deadly Friend would be like Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street. In an interview with Fangoria, Craven said that the deadline for delivering the first cut of Deadly Friend with all of the studio-demanded sequences included, and delivering his original script for A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, which he was writing with Bruce Wagner, was virtually the same, making it very difficult for him to do both things at once.

Box office
Hoping to score a financial success with the Halloween trade, Warner Bros. released Deadly Friend in theaters on October 10, 1986, but the film was a box office bomb, grossing $8,988,731 in the United States against an $11 million budget.

Critical response
AllMovie gave the film a generally negative review, writing, "It's an intriguing combination of elements, but the end result is a schizoid mess", calling Craven's direction "awkward" and opining that it "lacks the intense, sustained atmosphere of his previous horror hits." On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a 20% approval rating based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10, with the consensus reading, "An uninspired departure for Wes Craven, mired by an uneven premise; beware, this is one Deadly Friend. On Metacritic it has a score of 44% based on reviews from 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Home media
In 2007, Warner Bros. released a DVD edition featuring all of the death scenes in their fully uncut form. In 2021, numerous Twitter users called for Craven's original cut of the film to be released, sharing the hashtag #ReleaseTheCravenCut for both Deadly Friend and Cursed. In October 2021, Scream Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray. The Blu-ray features the same cut of the film as issued on the previous Warner Bros. DVD. In a press announcement regarding the Blu-ray release, Scream Factory wrote: "We anticipate being asked if we found any alternate footage from the film (as seen in the original theatrical trailer) or Craven's more milder original feature-length cut. Unfortunately, we could not locate any lost footage after investigating. Sorry, we tried. As fans of the film ourselves we wanted to see that too!"

title: Deadly Friend


text:
Twisted Nerve

Twisted Nerve is a 1968 British psychological thriller film directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hywel Bennett, Hayley Mills, Billie Whitelaw and Frank Finlay. The film follows a disturbed young man, Martin, who pretends, under the name of Georgie, to be intellectually impaired in order to be near Susan—a girl with whom he has become infatuated. Martin kills those who get in his way.

Plot
Martin plays catch with his older brother Pete, who has learning difficulties and has been sent to live in a special boarding school in London, by their mother. Martin is the only remaining figure in Pete's family life; their father died years before and their mother has a new life with her new husband, a wealthy banker. The school's physician believes that Pete cannot be expected to live much longer.

At a store, Martin sees Susan purchase a toy. As she leaves, Martin follows after having pocketed a toy duck. Two store detectives ask them to return to the manager's office. The detectives assert that Martin and Susan were working together to steal the toy. Susan says she has never met Martin.

When questioned by the manager, Martin presents himself as mentally challenged, and calls himself "Georgie". Now disbelieving in a link between them, the manager asks Susan for her address, and Martin makes a mental note when she offers it. Sympathetic to him, Susan pays for Martin's toy.

Martin returns home and finds his parents arguing in the parlor, over his lack of interest in life, his unusual behavior and the duck incident. In his room, now behaving as "Georgie", he rocks in a rocking chair while smiling in the mirror and caressing a stuffed animal. The rocking motion of the chair is smashing a photo of his stepfather.

The next day, Susan goes to the library, where she keeps an after-school job. Martin approaches Susan, who recognises him as Georgie. Martin says that he followed her, and pays her back for the toy. Before leaving, Martin gets Susan to lend him The Jungle Book.

Martin has a dispute with his stepfather, who insists he travel to Australia. Martin refuses and returns to his room. Martin stares in the mirror, bare-chested, and caresses himself. He then removes the rest of his clothes. There are male bodybuilding magazines on his dresser. A frustrated Martin eventually smashes the mirror.

Martin sets in motion a plan to leave home, pretending to go to France. He then shows up at Susan's mother's house, where she rents rooms. Presenting himself as Georgie, he gains sympathy both from Susan and her mother, who let him stay. Martin wants Susan to accept him as a lover, but cannot reveal that he is in fact Martin, as he is worried she will shun him.

One night, Martin steals scissors, leaves, and stabs his stepfather to death after the latter leaves a dinner party. The police investigate the murder and seek Martin for questioning.

Days later, Martin invites himself to tag along with Susan who is going for a swim at a country lake. There, Martin attempts to kiss Susan, who refuses his advances. Later at home, Susan searches Martin's room while cleaning and discovers books hidden in a drawer that a person with learning difficulties would not read or understand, as well as a book titled Know Yourself from Your Handwriting, in which signatures in the blank pages read 'Martin Durnley'.

Susan begins investigating Martin, talks with his mother, and realizes that the two brothers are one and the same after seeing a photograph of Martin at the house. Susan visits her friend Shashee at a hospital where he works to question him about split personalities.

At Susan's house, Martin begins losing control over himself while suspecting that Susan may know who he really is. When Susan's neglected and unsuspecting mother attempts to sexually arouse Martin, he kills her with a hatchet.

When Susan arrives home, Martin holds her captive in his room after revealing his true persona. He forces Susan to undress so he can sexually fondle her, while her mother's body is found in the woodshed by Gerry Henderson, one of the "paying guests", who calls the police while Shashee learns the truth about Martin and races to the house to rescue Susan.

The police arrive and burst into Susan's room as Martin fires three times at his reflection in the mirror. While being taken away, he claims that he is Georgie and has killed Martin. Martin is confined in a cell at a mental hospital, ranting over his lost love Susan.

Production notes

 * In October 1967 John Boulting announced he would be making a film with Hayley Mills and Hywell Bennett who had just done The Family Way with the Boultings. They said a title had not been given to the film.

 * The film was produced by George W. George and Frank Granat, who had just made Pretty Polly with Hayley Mills. Filming began on 2 January 1968.

 * The film was a co-production between British Lion Films and a new American company, National General Pictures.

Title
The title comes from the poem Slaves by George Sylvester Viereck (1884–1962) which is quoted twice in the movie, once during Professor Fuller's lecture on chromosome damage, and then as an audio flashback when Martin/Georgie is in a cell:
 * No puppet master pulls the strings on high
 * Proportioning our parts, the tinsel and the paint
 * A twisted nerve, a ganglion gone awry,
 * Predestinates the sinner and the saint.

Viereck's motives for his writing have been the subject of some discussion, and have further implications given the debate on eugenics during the middle of the 20th century, a subject somewhat alluded to in Professor Fuller's lecture in the film.

Soundtrack
The film score was composed by Bernard Herrmann and features an eerie whistling tune.

The theme can also be heard in Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill when a menacing Elle Driver (Daryl Hannah) impersonates a nurse in the hospital scene and in Death Proof as Rosario Dawson's character's ringtone, in several episodes of American Horror Story (2011–2021), in the Malayalam language Indian movie Chappa Kurishu as a ringtone of Fahad Fazil's character's iPhone, and in the Bengali movie Chotushkone where it is also used as a ringtone for Parambrata Chatterjee's character's phone. More recently, it has also been used in Honda's 2015 car advertisement.

Stylotone Records reissued the score as part of a deluxe LP set, with a release date of 5 May 2016.

The theme was also sampled in the Rob $tone songs, "Chill Bill", the Grooveman Jones song "The Hidden Interest" and the Ava Max song “Get Outta My Heart”.

Controversy
The film is notorious for its use of Down syndrome, then referred to as mongolism, as a catalyst for Martin's actions. Letters of complaint were sent to the British censor before the film's release, including one from the National Association for Mental Health. The film's medical adviser, Professor Lionel Penrose, asked for his name to be removed from the film. Roy Boulting said these complaints caused him "shock and surprise and a deep sense of regret and depression". This led to the filmmakers adding a voiceover just prior to the credits which said: In view of the controversy already aroused, the producers of this film wish to re-emphasise what is already stated in the film, that there is no established scientific connection between mongolism and psychotic or criminal behaviour. Even after that had been added, David Ennals, then a Minister of State, Health and Social Security, said: "I do not wish to criticise the film as a film. But I feel it is extremely unfortunate that despite the spoken disclaimer which precedes it, this film can give the impression that there is such a link."

As The New York Times put it, "this is a delicate area indeed", going on to describe the film as "more unsettling than rewarding, and certainly more contrived than compassionate".

Critical reception
The Guardian called the film "gross, clumsy and ridiculously predictable." The Observer called it "a glossy commercial psycho thriller which if it weren't for its pernicious implications would be perfectly horrifying" arguing the film would have been better had the character of the elder brother never existed. "Twisted Nerve is a fairly good blood chiller in its genre so long as it is clearly understood that it is a pack of lies." The Los Angeles Times called it "thoroughly engrossing, spine tingling." Filmink called it "not a very good movie in which Mills doesn’t have much to do except react – I think Boulting was trying to fashion her as a Hitchcock blonde but she’s very passive and the movie lacks the directorial flair of a Hitchcock, Seth Holt or Freddie Francis."

title: Twisted Nerve


text:
High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse

The High Constables of Holyroodhouse are a small corps of ceremonial bodyguards at the Sovereign's official residence in the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. Created in the early sixteenth century to protect the Monarch in residence at Holyrood, as well as to guard the Palace and Abbey, and enforce law and order within the precincts of the Palace and the Holyrood Abbey Sanctuary.

Law and Order in the Abbey
The Abbey at Holyrood dates from around 1130, with its charter granting it the right to hold a court. Like churches across the British isles the Abbey also offered sanctuary up to five miles in circumference around the Abbey, where people accused of crime and treason could flee to seek clemency and justice under the church court. Those seeking sanctuary at the Abbey would go before the Bailie of Holyroodhouse who would sit in judgement.

By the 1500s the Palace of Holyrood had begun to be established adjacent to the Abbey. As time went by the palace saw more use as a royal residence where members of the aristocracy and foreign dignitaries would be entertained, and where the Scottish Parliament and Privy Council would occasionally meet. Given how close the Abbey and sanctuary area was to this increasingly important location it became necessary for a guard to protect the monarch and their guests from the potentially dangerous individuals seeking sanctuary within the Abbey. The first constables to protect the monarch and palace were so appointed in the 1500s. An Act of 1617 instructed that the Constables were to be "chosen across the country by the magistrates of each burgh". Because of their age some have suggested the constables have claim to be considered the oldest law enforcement body still in existence. Over time buildings were constructed next to the Abbey to house members of the upper class who sought sanctuary. One such building is the Abbey Strand. The tenants of these buildings were nicknamed 'Abbey Lairds' (one of the most famous being The Comte d’Artois later Charles X of France). Given the increasing population of the Abbey Sanctuary, and nature of the residents, the constables were soon required to enforce law and order within the precincts of the Palace and the Holyrood Abbey Sanctuary.

Law and order at the Palace and Abbey would be split between the hereditary Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse (the Duke of Hamilton), the Bailie of Holyroodhouse and the High Constables who would answer to the Bailie. The Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse appoints the Bailie of Holyroodhouse, who is responsible for law and order within the Holyrood Abbey Sanctuary. The High Constables of Holyroodhouse are responsible to the Keeper and enforce the justice of the Bailie. The senior officer of the High Constables is called the Moderator.

One of the historic duties of the High Constables is to assist and escort the Bailie as he undertakes to Perambulate the Bounds of the Abbey and its sanctuary, to ensure "no encroachments had taken place upon what has hitherto been known and ascertained as the boundaries of the Sanctuary".

Guard of Honour
The High Constables of the Abbey had performed partially ceremonial duties as far back as at least 1825 where they met to escort the remains of the Duchess de Grammont, companion of Charles X of France, from the Royal Vault to a French frigate in Leith. They had also undertaken duties as Guard of Honour during visits of Queen Victoria and on earlier occasions. However, it wasn't until 1863 that the role of Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse came to be vested in them alone. The Bailie of the Abbey noted that the Constables had previously been reluctant to take on the role because it required the carrying of a halbert, but that they would from then on discontinue the use of the halbert and substitute it for the baton. The Captain of the Guard was maintained as a separate role to the Moderator of the High Constables, and when the High Constables undertake duties as the Guard of Honour they do so under the command of the Captain of the Guard, not the Moderator.

After the Act of Union, Scottish peers could elect 16 of their number to sit as Scottish representative peer in the House of Lords at Westminster. The vote would take place at Holyrood Palace and the High Constables would ensure the peers were protected during the gathering, and that order was maintained during the election process. Over the years many Peers questioned the necessity of the High Constables and Guard of Honour at the proceedings, which the Bailie responded provided "the dignity and orderliness of the proceedings".

During the restoration of St Giles' in the 1880s, the High Constables donated a stained glass oriel window, in the south side-chapel. The window embodies the Royal Arms of Scotland, the arms of the Hereditary Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse, symbolism of the Holyrood Abbey's founding legend, and insignia of the High Constables themselves.

Structure
The number of High Constables sits at 30 (though this number has fluctuated historically). The High Constables themselves are appointed by the Bailie of Holyroodhouse. The Moderator is the head of the body, except for when they are undertaking duties as Guard of Honour (at which point it is the Captain of the Guard). The office of Vice Moderator was introduced in 1862, to be occupied by the retired Moderator. The role of Surgeon ranks after that of Secretary. Between 1869 and 1871 the office of Custodier of the Batons was created.

Honorary membership has occasionally been awarded, though infrequently. Often to previous High Constables (1861, 1890 and 1901). Occasionally honorary membership was given to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh.

The original home of the constables was the guardroom, until it was replaced in 1857. The home of the constables today is the Abbey Courthouse, which was restored in 1958 along with the old prison (refurbished into the Baillie's office).

Today
Today the High Constables parade whenever the Sovereign, or the Lord High Commissioner of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, is in residence. They form part of the Royal Household in Scotland.

They provide a guard of honour for the King and his guests at the Palace, and at state functions such as banquets and garden parties.

Also present at the Palace of Holyroodhouse for such events is the Doorward Guard of Partisans, who comprised the personal retainers of the Lord High Constable of Scotland, responsible for the Sovereign's safety while in Edinburgh, and the Royal Company of Archers, a ceremonial unit that serves as the King's bodyguard in Scotland.

Uniform
In 1910 King George V proposed for the High Constables a uniform of blue cloth with silver buttons and a distinctive blue hat turned up at one side.

Their ceremonial uniform today reflects the original and includes a blue velvet suit, a hat and a thin sword in a black leather scabbard.


text:
Pak Mok-wol

Pak Mog-wol (, 6 January 1916 – 24 March 1978) was an influential Korean poet and academic.

Personal life
He was born Pak Yeongjong on January 6, 1916, in Moryang Village, Seo-myeon, Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, in present-day South Korea, to parents Pak Jun-pil and Pak In-jae. He had a younger brother and two younger sisters. He graduated from Keisung Middle School (today Keisung High School) in Daegu in 1935. He lived in Tokyo from April 1937 until late 1939, during which period he devoted his time to writing. From September 1939 to September 1940, he had several of his poems published in the magazine Munjang (magazine). Afterwards, due to increasing wartime censorship by the Japanese colonial government, he continued writing privately but did not publish any further poetry until after the liberation of Korea. He was married to Yu Ik-sun, with whom he had four sons and a daughter.

Pak taught at various schools including Keisung Middle School and Ewha Girls' High School beginning in 1946, before joining the faculty of Hongik University as an assistant professor in 1953. In 1961 he took up a position as associate professor at Hanyang University (at which a statue was erected in his honor), and in 1963 he became a full professor there. He was later named the dean of the university's College of Humanities. In 1966 he was elected to the National Academy of Arts of the Republic of Korea (Yesurwon). He was a board member of the Society of Korean Poets from its founding in 1957, and was chosen as the society's chairman in 1968. He died on March 24, 1978, at his home in Wonhyoro-dong, Yongsan District, Seoul.

Work
Pak Mog-wol began his career as a member of Cheongrok-pa (the Blue Deer school), a group of three poets who also included Cho Chi-hun and Pak Tu-jin, all named after the 1946 anthology in which they appeared. Although they differed in style, their work largely had its basis in natural description and human aspiration. The body of Pak Mog-wol's work at this time established a new trend in Korean poetry, one that attempted to express childlike innocence and wonder at life through folk songs and dialectal poetic language.

Among such poems, "The Wayfarer" (나그네) is notable and was set by the musician Isang Yun as the last in his early song book Dalmuri (A Halo, 1950).

After his experiences during the Korean War, Pak's work shifted in style. Now he strove to incorporate the pain, death, and even monotony of daily existence into his poetry without maintaining a standard of sentimental and lyrical quality. His poetry collections, Wild Peach Blossoms (Sandohwa) and Orchids and Other Poems (Nan. Gita) encapsulate his artistic aim to depict the shifting human response to both the joys and sorrows of life. His later poems, however, represent a return to the use of vivid colloquial language as the medium through which to express the color and vitality of local culture.

His collection of poems from this later stylistic phase, Fallen Leaves in Gyeongsang-do (Gyeongsang-doui garangnip) provides the artistic forum through which he is able to further explore his earlier questions of the relationship between light and dark, happiness and despair, and life and death. Pak's poetry, especially his later work, reveals a fervent love for life that does not wane despite his diligent acknowledgment of the ever-present threat of the end. He is celebrated for the cautious optimism of his work and his ability to subtly internalize conflicts of empiric reality in his deceptively localized and dialectal poetry.

Awards and legacy
Pak's awards include the Freedom Literature Awards, May Literature and Art Awards, the Seoul City Culture Awards (1969), and the Moran Medal of the Order of Civil Merit (1972). In 2007, he was listed by the Korean Poets' Association among the ten most important modern Korean poets.

Pak lived in a 37 pyeong house in Wonhyoro-dong from 1965 until his death in 1978. The Seoul Municipal Government had expressed interest in preserving the house as a cultural heritage asset, but his son had to sell it to a real estate developer to cover debts in 2002, and the developer demolished the building in 2004. The demolition, along with similar incidents or near-misses involving the old houses of other cultural figures such as Choe Nam-seon and Seo Jeong-ju around the same time, sparked increasing public interest in the issue of cultural heritage preservation.

Works in translation

 * Selected Poems of Pak Mogwol, English (박목월 시선집. Uchang Kim, translator. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1990. .)
 * Le Passant, French (나그네. Kim Hyeon-ju and Pierre Mesini, translators. Marseille: Autres Temps, 2000. .)
 * 《过客》, Chinese (나그네. Heo Se-uk [許世旭], translator. Tianjin: Baihua Wenyi Chubanshe [百花文艺出版社], 2003. .)

title: Pak Mok-wol


text:
Red's Giant Hamburg

Red's Giant Hamburg was a restaurant on U.S. Route 66 in Springfield, Missouri, which is believed to have been the world's first drive-through restaurant. It was reopened in 2019 in a different location.

Overview

Sheldon "Red" Chaney (May 20, 1916 – June 2, 1997) arrived in Springfield after World War II with a bride and a business degree. He purchased a small Sinclair gas station with several wooden motor court cabins tucked among trees on the back of the property. Eventually, a café was added in 1947. Growing weary of pumping gas and operating the motor court, the couple decided a better money-maker would be a restaurant. Since they owned a small herd of beef cattle (and would continue to raise their own beef until the close of the business), they decided to concentrate on hamburgers. The restaurant became a staple of Route 66 and the Springfield area until its closure in 1984. Red died in 1997 a few days after the restaurant was demolished, and Julia died in the early 2000s

Sign recreation
In 2013, a fundraising campaign was established to recreate the Red's Giant Hamburg sign. The sign was installed in 2015.

Reopening
In early 2019, the Springfield Business Journal announced that Red's Giant Hamburg would be making a comeback 35 years after the original restaurant's closure. The new restaurant, located on Route 413, will be a recreation of the original Route 66 location. The project is being led by David Campbell, the owner of local BBQ chain Buckingham's, and insurance agent Greg Lott. The restaurant opened in August 2019.

In popular culture
In 1982, Springfield rock and roll band The Morells filmed their tribute song "Red's" at the location of the restaurant.

title: Red's Giant Hamburg


text:
Monte Cristo Peak

Monte Cristo Peak is a mountain peak in the Henry M. Jackson Wilderness in Washington state. Together with Columbia Peak and Kyes Peak it forms a basin that contains Columbia Glacier and Blanca Lake. The 1918 edition of The Mountaineer called the mountain "a huge pile of red rock."

Monte Cristo is named for the mining boom town of Monte Cristo, which dates from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and which is situated on the mountain's northwestern flank. The town was owned by J. D. Rockefeller for a few years. A railroad and cable tramway was built to move materials.

Climate
Monte Cristo Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F or above 80 °F. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Geology
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is 14.3 mi northeast of Monte Cristo Peak, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The U-shaped cross section of the river valleys is a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

title: Monte Cristo Peak


text:
Talk:Pak Mok-wol

Year of death
Did he die in 1978 or 1979?
 * Everything I can find suggests 1978, specifically March 24. -- Visviva 03:29, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Added the obituary from The Dong-a Ilbo to the article; the date March 24 appears to have been correct. 59.149.124.29 (talk) 12:31, 24 September 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Park Mok-wol. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130921055413/http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do to http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do#
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130921055413/http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do to http://klti.or.kr/ke_04_03_011.do#

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:27, 20 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Park Mok-wol. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205957/http://www.hanyang.ac.kr/week/2003/200305/e2_sub1.html to http://www.hanyang.ac.kr/week/2003/200305/e2_sub1.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:08, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

KLTI biographical datasheet
The link to the Literature Translation Institute of Korea biographical datasheet which was cited a few times in this article has been broken for a while; even the Internet Archive capture  doesn't work. I found what appears to be the updated URL (not sure if the same content as the one which was originally cited), but it's evidently a WP:CIRCULAR citation (at the bottom of every language version it says "Source URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Mok-wol" (or es.wikipedia, ja.wikipedia, etc.). 59.149.124.29 (talk) 02:29, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pak Mok-wol


text:
The Banks of Newfoundland

"The Banks Of Newfoundland" is the earliest Newfoundland composition set down in music notation. It was composed by Chief Justice Francis Forbes in 1820 and published in a piano arrangement by Oliver Ditson of Boston. Originally composed as a dance, it was treated as a march by the soldiers of Royal Newfoundland Regiment during World War I; it later became the Regiment's authorized march.

It has also been associated with the Royal St. John's Regatta since its early days. As a Regatta tune it is more popularly known as "Up The Pond", and is traditionally played as the crews pass the bandstand on their return to the stakes. It was later made the official tune of the Regatta.

An entirely different "The Banks of Newfoundland" is a song in ballad form, created as a parody of "Van Dieman's Land." It voices the lament of a sailor on a voyage from Liverpool to New York, on which one must pass the cold Grand Banks.

Lyrics
THE BANKS OF NEWFOUNDLAND

 * You bully boys of Liverpool
 * And I'll have you to beware,
 * When you sail on them packet ships,
 * no dungaree jackets wear;
 * But have a big monkey jacket
 * all ready to your hand,
 * For there blows some cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We'll scrape her and we'll scrub her
 * with holy stone and sand,
 * For there blows some cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We had Jack Lynch from Ballynahinch,
 * Mike Murphy and some more,
 * And I tell you by's, they suffered like hell
 * on the way to Baltimore;
 * They pawned their gear in Liverpool
 * and they sailed as they did stand,
 * But there blows some cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We'll scrape her and we'll scrub her
 * with holy stone and sand,
 * For there blows some cold nor'westers''
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * Now the mate he stood on the fo'c'sle head
 * and loudly he did roar,
 * Now rattle her in me lucky lads,
 * you're bound for America's shore;
 * Come wipe the blood off that dead man's face
 * and haul or you'll be damned,
 * But there blows some cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We'll scrape her and we'll scrub her
 * with holy stone and sand,
 * For there blows some cold nor'westers''
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * So now it's reef and reif, me boys
 * With the Canvas frozen hard
 * and this mountain pass every Mother's son
 * on a ninety foot topsail yard
 * nevermind about boots and oilskins
 * but holler or you'll be damned
 * But there blows some cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We'll scrape her and we'll scrub her
 * with holy stone and sand,
 * And we'll think of them cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * So now we're off the Hook, me boys,
 * and the land is white with snow,
 * And soon we'll see the pay table
 * and we'll spend the whole night below;
 * And on the docks, come down in flocks,
 * those pretty girls will say,
 * Ah, It's snugger with me than on the sea,
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

 * We'll scrape her and we'll scrub her
 * with holy stone and sand,
 * And we'll think of them cold nor'westers
 * on the Banks of Newfoundland.

title: The Banks of Newfoundland


text:
Talk:Log bridge

Image

Lowellian this image that you remove is a mor fixcated log bridge 69.115.115.236 03:58, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I found anouther suitable image.

title: Talk:Log bridge


text:
Special Escort Group (Metropolitan Police)

The Special Escort Group (SEG) is a department within the Royalty and Specialist Protection (RaSP) of the Metropolitan Police Service. Formed in 1952, the SEG provides mobile armed protection to members of the Royal family and Government ministers. In addition they carry out armed vehicle escorts of high risk (category A) prisoners and high value loads.

Role
The department supports the wider protection command of RaSP, typically operating within the London area. They provide armed motorcycle escorts for members of the royal family, protected members of the Government, visiting royals, heads of state and other visiting dignitaries. It also provides armed vehicle escorts for valuable, hazardous and protected loads and high risk prisoners.

This specialist unit of the Metropolitan Police consists of officers with a range of skills and operational experience from various policing backgrounds. One motorcyclist (lead bike) positions themselves directly in front of the escort, controlling the precise pace, position, speed and timing of the escort, whilst the others forge ahead, dealing with traffic situations and advising the lead bike of the safest path through the traffic they are controlling. SEG officers use low-volume, high-pitched whistles in clear deference to sirens (which are not fitted). This drastically increases the level of noise that precedes an escort and softens the environmental impact on the escorted person and general public.

Equipment
Officers from the SEG are among the few police motorcyclists in the UK that carry firearms openly whilst riding. All SEG officers are trained in vehicle and firearms tactics. These include advanced car driving, advanced motorcycle riding, anti-hijack driving, armoured car driving, and firearms tactics.

The SEG use a wide range of marked and unmarked vehicles, and all officers are authorised firearms officers who always carry firearms.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of songs about politicians

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. - Sikon 10:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

List of songs about politicians
Unmaintainable list of questionable value. It has potential to attract large numbers of songs created before elections from all over the world or propaganda songs from communist countries. These are interesting as phenomenon, not individually. Pavel Vozenilek 03:59, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I like the concept, it fits in with the rest of the songs lists, will be of value to anyone trying to look up a song relating to some politician that they're writing a report or presentation on, or a song that they simply liked. CanadianCaesar 04:09, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (and perhaps rename it List of notable songs about contemporary politicians to address nominator Pavel Vozenilek's concerns). 06:15, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, interesting phenomenon. Kappa 11:21, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, legitimate article. Are there all that many songs written about politicians, or were there many in the Soviet bloc countries? PatGallacher 11:26, 2005 July 17 (UTC)
 * Keep Nothing wrong with the concept. Lomedae 12:34, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep per above. Most lists of songs aren't encyclo but this one has a point. Radiant_ >|< 13:20, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, interesting phenomenon and its targets deserve it. --Shaddack 15:34, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, social commentary is an important part of rock music history. Dcarrano 17:54, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- Longhair | Talk 21:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep most lists. Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 00:15, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unmaintainable list. JamesBurns 07:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I've split this into categories. So, now suppose this list goes out of control (although I doubt it will):  What's stopping us from having break-out articles?  Wikipedia is not paper.  CanadianCaesar 20:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - very interesting ! I'm sorry, that this site is offline , where they have presented 50 songs praising Joseph Stalin ;-) MutterErde 07:59, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Sure, its value is questionable, but it really isn't too bad. While I hate the "one bad article justifies another" argument, we do have much worse lists here. I do think time spent on lists like this could better be spent elsewhere, but who am I to tell people what to work on? -R. fiend 17:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Judy Collins

Current Residence
Should it be mentioned that she currently lives on the Upper West Side of NYC with her husband?

Early Life
Her father was also a singer and was famous in Denver for the "Chuck Collins Calling" radio show. He was also blind from early childhood. see http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07050/763186-129.stm and Judy Collin's first autobiography. 67.170.228.62 06:45, 19 June 2007 (UTC) Les

Song for Martin
Anybody know who the subject is in this song? It seems to be a folk singer who didn't manage to break the scene in the same way that she did Martyn Smith 16:10, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Martin of the song is Martin Hoffman, who set the Pete Seeger poem "Deportees (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" to music. Some ten years or so later, Hoffman committed suicide.
 * PacificBoy 21:09, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Just one thing -- "Deportees" is a Woody Guthrie song.

Times of Your Lives (album title)
Links to the wrong thing. I don't know how to fix it other than just to remove the link, so I left the error for someone else to take care of.Songflower (talk) 04:35, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Death?
I read in this Wikipedia article that Judy Collins died of multiple myeloma in the morning on May 18, 2008 in London. I have been checking Associated Press releases plus have also been using news search engines and have found nothing indicating that she has passed away. Could there possibly be an error here? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gsq826 (talk • contribs) 07:36, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I am going to delete this section. I called Judy's office in New York just now 13:30 19 May 2008 (EDT) and they said it is not true. I also checked Google News and Google Web pages and the ONLY page reporting this is Wikipedia.
 * Rlhess (talk) 17:34, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

substance abuse by miss collins
hello,

i'm surprised not to see (seemingly) any mention of substance abuse by subject. she has openly discussed her alcoholism on many occasions on television and in newspaper interviews. a google search of "judy collins alcoholism" will provide links to various articles.

regards. 172.133.112.21 (talk) 09:04, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Personal Life
Should there be more information on her personal life? I seems like it would not hurt to know her husband, and when they were married, any divorce... how many kids, etc. If you go to other artists, you generally find a whole section for personal life. Mateck (talk) 13:10, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

 * You're certainly right -- the omission was glaring when compared to other artists (e.g. Robert Allen Zimmerman). It's also glaring that nothing was done in the 4 months since you raised the issue, particularly given how easy it was to fix. The dates of her marriages were given by IMDB, and her second marriage was prominently covered by the NYT. It took 15 minutes to add a discussion of the two marriages, mention Clark Taylor as her only son, and move the bulimia discussion from career to personal life. This is a start -- more should be done here, like her son's birthdate and career/life trajectory, the date of his suicide, etc.
 * JoelWest (talk) 18:13, 24 February 2009 (UTC)

Namesake
Collins was interviewed today (may have been pre-recorded) on "Acoustic Cafe," and sang "Over the Rainbow," stating that the song had special signifigance to her, because she was born around the 1st run of "Oz," and her mother named her after Judy Garland. I wouldn't have a clue how to source this encyclopedically, but it's significant to Judy, so it certainly seems notable to me. Hope someone can work it in. Ragityman (talk) 21:08, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

I don't know if this counts as verification, but I was fortunate to be able to attend a concert Ms. Collins gave last night at the Musical Instrument Museum Theater in Phoenix where, in her introduction to "Over the Rainbow" (which she sang as her encore), she stated that her mother had named her after Judy Garland. Tonio (talk) 15:58, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

 * For those that see her on her current tour, that's what she says.Mwinog2777 (talk) 07:42, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

Page numbers
In at least 2 places in the article, there are page numbers given in parens. This not only seems unencyclopedic, it seems to indicate copy-paste, which would be copyright-vio, or at least plagiarism. No? Ragityman (talk) 21:39, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

1971 version
There was a version of "Amazing grace" by Judy with the choirs of the British Army and Navy in Cologne Cathedral in about 1971. It was on youtube.com, but seems to have been taken off now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.194.200 (talk) 16:51, 20 April 2011 (UTC)
 * See www.metacafe.com/watch/1465794/amazing_grace_judy_collins_and_the_choir/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.194.200 (talk) 15:29, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

Lead Paragraph
I don't often edit, and I don't think this is "verifiable", but I hope this is a proper place for this comment. At the concert Ms. Collins presented last night at the Musical Instrument Museum Theater in Phoenix, at one point during her between-number monologues she denied ever having attended the University of Colorado even though conventional wisdom holds she did. She lived and performed in Boulder, but as she said, "I took a typing class!" Tonio (talk) 16:08, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

 * As one who does frequently edit, I agree with above! There is no substantive evidence Judy Collins graduated the Un. Colorado. For those who go to her current tour, part of her oral history is that she did NOT attend there, never took any classes there and the whole thing is a giant urban legend.  I propose taking this out of the history unless we can definitively prove with verifiable evidence that she did graduate from there.Mwinog2777 (talk) 19:21, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Judy Collins. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://google.com/search?q=cache%3Ar3_h8yQ_UR4J%3Awww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C526497%2C00.html+judy+collins+%22university+of+connecticut%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=16&gl=us
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120210160152/http://woodsongs.com/showdetailspage.asp?SN=549 to http://www.woodsongs.com/showdetailspage.asp?SN=549

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:39, 28 April 2017 (UTC)

Husband Louis Nelson a "fellow activist" ...?
No mention of that in the ref - or anywhere else that I can find. Boscaswell  talk  16:27, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Judy Collins. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110607160541/http://www.cleveland.com/friday/plaindealer/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Ffriday%2F124591870160950.xml&coll=2 to http://www.cleveland.com/friday/plaindealer/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Ffriday%2F124591870160950.xml&coll=2

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:01, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

Television Appearances
Judy Collins played a blind character who sang beautifully in 5 episodes of the Christy television series during 1994-95. I'd like to see this mentioned. Janis in ID (talk) 05:36, 21 August 2018 (UTC)

This article does not mention Collins' song "Suzanne"
It seems like a serious omission to me that this article does not mention "Suzanne", a track from Collins' 1966 Album "In My Life". In my opinion (you may disagree), it's one of her signature songs. It's one of the tracks on her 2001 "The Very Best of Judy Collins" greatest hits album (according to the Wikipedia article "The Very Best of Judy Collins").

Source: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.3847360/he-was-totally-unlike-anybody-else-judy-collins-remembers-leonard-cohen-1.3847364

After Leonard Cohen's death in 2016, Canadian Broadcasting Company radio show "As It Happens" host Carol Off spoke with Judy Collins about how she will remember Cohen. She spoke of the first time she met Leonard Cohen.

Judy Collins: It was '66. I was working on my sixth album for Elektra Records, it was called In My Life. I really needed a couple more songs and my friend, who grew up with Leonard in Montreal, had always talked about him. She always said, "You know, he's this obscure poet. He's written all these obscure books and poems." She called me this particular day in '66 and she said, "He's just written some songs and he wants to come to New York. He wants to sing them to you." I said, "Well, that sounds wonderful — are they obscure?" And she said, "Oh yes!".

He came to my home and my apartment in New York. He said, "I can't sing and I can't play the guitar. I don't know if this is a song." Then he sang me Suzanne, Dress Rehearsal Rag and The Stranger Song. I recorded them in the next weeks or so. [end quotation]

Speaking about a 1967 benefit concert in which she sang, Judy Collins describes "Suzanne" as a hit for her (even though it apparently was never released as a single and the album never charted) and she quotes Leonard Cohen as crediting her for making him famous

Judy Collins: I said, "You know that Suzanne is now really a hit for me." He said, "I know that because it's put me on the map. Now people know who I am because of your recordings."

Source: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/flashback-leonard-cohen-and-judy-collins-perform-suzanne-51094/

Andy Greene, a reporter for Rolling Stone magazine, also credits Judy Collins with fueling Leonard Cohen's success as a singer and songwriter.

"Judy Collins released 'Suzanne' in 1966, months before Cohen’s original hit shelves. She turned it into a minor hit, but Cohen’s own version of the song went nowhere, at least initially. Much like Dylan in 1962, Cohen was looking like a Hammond discovery with a great gift for songwriting but little ability to sell actual records."

"It took Joan Baez’s sweet voice to introduce people to the music of Bob Dylan, and this was the same case with Cohen and Collins. College students began checking out Cohen’s own work, and word of this brilliant new singer-songwriter grew, particularly in Europe."

Now it can be argued that Leonard Cohen's legend as a singer and songwriter was not cemented until the 2001 release of the movie "Shrek" with John Cale's version of Cohen's "Hallelujah" (Rufus Wainwright's cover was included in the Shrek soundtrack). But it was Judy Collins' "Suzanne" that first made Leonard Cohen successful, and, as such, Collins' cover of the song deserves at least a paragraph in the Wikipedia article about Collins as a recording artist.

As an aside, let me say that Judy Collins' cover of Stephen Sondheim's "Send In The Clowns" may be her most successful recording, winning Collins her only Grammy award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 18th Annual Grammy Awards for music released in 1975, but she was already a well established vocalist long before "Send In The Clowns" was released. Even though "In My Life", Collins' 1966 album containing her cover of "Suzanne", peaked at only number 46 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts of 1967, to me, "Suzanne" was Collins' signature piece as of the early 1970s when I was in college. (But I can't cite a suitable source for that claim.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by PatrickBlaney (talk • contribs) 05:31, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Judy Collins


text:
Roseacre

Roseacre may refer to:
 * Roseacre, Gauteng, South Africa
 * Roseacre, Bearsted, Kent, England
 * Roseacre, Lancashire, England

title: Roseacre


text:
Port of South Louisiana

The Port of South Louisiana (Port de la Louisiane du Sud) extends 54 miles (87 km) along the Mississippi River between New Orleans, Louisiana and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, centering approximately at LaPlace, Louisiana, which serves as the Port's headquarters location.

This port is critical for grain shipments from the Midwest, handling some 60% of all raw grain exports.

Geography
The ports of New Orleans, South Louisiana, and Baton Rouge cover 172 miles (277 km) on both banks of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal (now closed by a rock dike built across the channel at Bayou La Loutre) extends 67 miles (108 km) from New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico, and the channel up the Mississippi River from New Orleans to Baton Rouge runs at a 48-foot (14.6 m) draft. Overall, the navigational depths range from 12 feet to 48 feet (3.6 - 14.6 m) along the river, channels, and side canals. After Hurricane Katrina, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Coast Survey used boats with sonar and scanners to assess underwater damage to the ports. Port authorities used these surveys to make decisions about when to open or close the ports.

Exports and imports
These three ports are significant to the economy of the United States. The ports of South Louisiana, New Orleans, and Baton Rouge rank third, fourth, and fifteenth, respectively in total trade by port to all world ports. In terms of dollar value, total trade by port to all world ports, New Orleans, South Louisiana, and Baton Rouge, rank 12th, 16th, and 27th, respectively. About 6,000 vessels pass through the Port of New Orleans annually.

According to the North American Export Grain Association, as of August 2005, these three ports serve as a gateway for nearly 55 to 70 percent of all U.S. exported corn, soy, and wheat. Barges carry these grains from the Mississippi River to the ports for storage and export. Imports to these ports include steel, rubber, coffee, fruits, and vegetables.

title: Port of South Louisiana


text:
The Sower (Grohar)

The Sower (Sejalec), created in 1907, is an oil on canvas painting by the Slovene Impressionist painter and musician Ivan Grohar. It is an image of a peasant sowing seeds on a ploughed field in an early and foggy morning. A hayrack, typical of the Slovene landscape, stands in the back, and even farther, the rocks of the small hill Kamnitnik near Škofja Loka. It has been a metaphor for the 19th-century myth of Slovenes as a vigorous nation in front of an unclear destiny, a symbol for the Slovene nation that sows in order that it could harvest, and a depiction of human interrelatedness with the nature. It is also a reflection of the context of Slovene transition from a rural to an urban culture. It has become one of the most characteristic and established Slovene creations in visual arts. It has been used by the IRWIN art group as well as the Semenarna Ljubljana seed company, and is depicted on the Slovenian 5 cent euro coin.

title: The Sower (Grohar)


text:
Rosebank

Rosebank may refer to:

Australia

 * Rosebank, New South Wales

Canada

 * Rosebank, Manitoba

New Zealand

 * Rosebank Peninsula

South Africa

 * Rosebank, Cape Town
 * Rosebank, Gauteng

United Kingdom

 * Rosebank, South Lanarkshire, Scotland

United States

 * Rosebank, Staten Island, New York

Train stations

 * Rosebank railway station, in Cape Town, South Africa
 * Rosebank (Gautrain station) in Gauteng, South Africa
 * Rosebank (Staten Island Railway station), in New York, abandoned

Other uses

 * Rosebank College, in Sydney, Australia
 * Rosebank distillery in Scotland
 * Rosebank oil and gas field, west of Shetland

title: Rosebank