text:
Ambetter Health 400

The Ambetter Health 400 is a NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held at Atlanta Motor Speedway in Hampton, Georgia. Daniel Suárez is the defending race winner.

This race was originally Atlanta's second race of the season and was run as a late-season event for much of its history. From 1987 until 2001, the race was scheduled in November as the final race of the NASCAR season. From 2002 until 2008, the race was moved to October in favor of awarding the final race weekend to Homestead-Miami Speedway and became part of what is now the NASCAR Chase for the Championship in 2004. In 2009, Atlanta swapped fall race dates with Auto Club Speedway and the race was moved to Labor Day weekend. From 2011 to 2020, this was Atlanta's only Cup Series race date as its spring race was moved to Kentucky Speedway and run later in the year.

In 2015, the race lost its place as the Labor Day weekend race for the Cup Series and became the second race of the season (after the season-opening Daytona 500). In 2020, it was moved from being the second race of the season to being the first race after the west coast swing (the races at Las Vegas, Phoenix and Fontana), making it the fifth race of the Cup Series season. However, the race would end up being run in June that year due to the COVID-19 pandemic (and it was the first Cup Series race to be postponed due to the pandemic). In 2021, the race was held as scheduled in March as the fifth race of the season.

History
From 1987 until 2001, the race was scheduled as the final race of the NASCAR season, and thus was typically the event in which the champion was decided. Several times, however, the championship had already been clinched prior to this race, rendering the race anticlimactic. In some cases, the championship would be decided the moment the points leader took the green flag to start the race – effectively clinching enough championship points by finishing last or better. Other times the championship might be decided early or mid-race, well before the checkered flag. For instance, in the 1993 race, Dale Earnhardt needed to finish 34th or better to mathematically clinch the championship. On lap 117 of 328, eight cars had dropped out of the race (including teammate Neil Bonnett in an intentional start and park). That meant Earnhardt could finish no worse than 34th and had effectively clinched the title before the race had reached the halfway point.

The 1992 race marked the final race for Richard Petty, and coincidentally, the debut for Jeff Gordon. With six drivers eligible for the Winston Cup Championship, the race is widely regarded as one of the greatest NASCAR races of all time. Alan Kulwicki, who finished second in the race, edged out Bill Elliott, the race winner, by leading one more lap in the race. Kulwicki won the NASCAR Winston Cup title by a then-record margin of only 10 points.

The 1998 race was run mostly at night after a long rain delay; despite the inexperience with the lights, newly installed for an Indy Racing League race, NASCAR and the teams agreed to attempt finishing the race at night. It was shortened to 221 laps because it was after 11:00 p.m. EST and NASCAR wanted to "get the fans out at a decent hour". The 1999 Cracker Barrel 500 also ended at night. This would mark a springboard of sorts at finishing delayed races at night by utilizing a track's permanent lighting system.

In 2001, the race was scheduled as the season finale, however, it ended up being the second-to-last race. The New Hampshire 300 was postponed from September 16 to the Friday after Thanksgiving, due to 9/11. Beginning in 2002 the race was moved to mid-October as NASCAR elected to hold its final race at Homestead-Miami Speedway instead of Atlanta. The 2003 race started a tradition of night qualifying at Atlanta, which has carried over to the spring race as well.

In 2006, the race start time was changed from 12:40 pm. EDT to 2:55 pm. EDT to finish the race at night. Driver complaints erupted because of the track's troublesome situation where the sun can get into the driver's eyes in Turn 1, including leading to a crash during the time the sun sets in that area of the track between Jeff Gordon and Jamie McMurray, led to the abandonment of the 3 pm start after this race.

During the race's history as the second in Atlanta, it had been rumored to be either eliminated or moved several times in recent years. On February 29, 2008, it was reported that Bruton Smith, the president of the track's owner, Speedway Motorsports, was talking with International Speedway Corporation (the owner of numerous other NASCAR tracks) about a possible date switch for 2009 with one of its tracks. He proposed a move that involved the fall Atlanta race and the Pepsi 500, the Labor Day weekend race held at Auto Club Speedway. Doing so would give the Fontana, California track a race in the Chase for the Championship and also make the three races that precede the beginning of the Chase closer to each other geographically. Prior to the realignment, the teams raced in the Sharpie 500 at Bristol the week before Labor Day, then traveled cross country to California for the Pepsi 500, and then came back across the country to run the Chevy Rock & Roll 400 at Richmond the following Saturday. Smith's offer to have Atlanta as the Labor Day weekend race was accepted and was officially announced by NASCAR on August 19, 2008. However, instead of moving the race at Auto Club Speedway (previously on Labor Day weekend) to Atlanta's spot on the schedule at the end of October, the AMP Energy 500 at Talladega Superspeedway was moved to that spot after previously being at the beginning of October, and the aforementioned Pepsi 500 was moved to the beginning of October in Talladega's old spot.

In 2015, Atlanta's lone race date moved to the second week of the season in early March, with the Bojangles' Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway returning to its traditional Labor Day weekend date. Atlanta will be run on a Sunday afternoon. This event used to be called the Oral-B USA 500, and this event used to be aired on ESPN for 6 years preceding the Irwin Tools Night Race at Bristol Motor Speedway and the Federated Auto Parts 400 at Richmond International Raceway

On July 10, 2022, the track announced that Ambetter would be the title sponsor of the race starting in 2023. The company, owned by Centene Corporation, was the title sponsor of the Xfinity Series race at New Hampshire (another Speedway Motorsports-owned track) in 2021 and the Cup Series race at New Hampshire in 2022. QuikTrip, one of the two title sponsors of the race since 2015, announced prior to the 2022 race that it would be their last year as title sponsor. Folds of Honor, the other title sponsor of the race, also did not return in 2023 as their title sponsorship was as a result of a partnership they have with QuikTrip.

Race winners

 * 1977 & 2002: Race shortened due to rain
 * 1998: Race shortened due to approaching 11:00 p.m. curfew.
 * 2000: Race postponed from Sunday to Monday due to rain.
 * 2003: Race started on Sunday but was finished on Monday due to rain.
 * 2007, 2012, 2014, & 2016: Race extended due to a NASCAR Overtime finish. 2014 took two attempts.
 * 2011: Race delayed from Sunday night to Tuesday morning due to rain.
 * 2020: Race postponed from March 15 to June 7 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Track length notes

 * 1960–1969: 1.5-mile course
 * 1970–1996: 1.522-mile course
 * 1997–present: 1.54 mile course

Notable races

 * 1966: Richard Petty led 90 laps and beat Buddy Baker for his first Atlanta win, but the story of the race centered on pole-sitter Curtis Turner and third-starting Fred Lorenzen. With Ford's participation stopped in a dispute over engine rules, the season had been dominated by Chrysler race cars. Turner entered a Smokey Yunick Chevrolet rumored to be radically altered and not in compliance with the NASCAR rulebook; Lorenzen drove Junior Johnson's Ford, a car nicknamed "The Yellow Banana" because the body had been visibly altered; both cars passed NASCAR inspection where others did not.  Turner led 60 laps and finished 24th with distributor failure while Lorenzen led 24 laps and was eliminated in a crash, finishing 23rd.
 * 1971: Richard Petty became the first stock car driver to reach $1 million in career earnings after a race-long duel with Bobby Allison.
 * 1976: Dave Marcis took his final superspeedway win. Driving Harry Hyde's famous No. 71 Dodge, Marcis engaged in a nose-to-nose battle for most of the first 64 laps with Buddy Baker, Cale Yarborough, and David Pearson. Part-time racer Dale Earnhardt survived a huge crash with some 60 to go when Dick Brooks hit the wall in Three and slid into Earnhardt's path; Earnhardt tumbled to the fourth turn.
 * 1977: The race shortened due to rain/darkness. Darrell Waltrip took advantage of the lapped car of James Hylton to storm past Donnie Allison on the last lap; Allison crashed with Cale Yarborough coming to the stripe.
 * 1978: A scoring breakdown led to an embarrassing change of the declared winner. Manual scoring ruled that Richard Petty had edged Dave Marcis at the stripe, but a recheck hours later proved that Donnie Allison, who finished two lengths ahead of Petty and Marcis, had indeed won.
 * 1979: Neil Bonnett edged Dale Earnhardt, Yarborough, and Bobby Allison in a hot four-car battle over the race's final 20 laps. Following the race, Darrell Waltrip took a two-point lead over Richard Petty entering the season finale in Ontario.
 * 1980: A multi-car wreck in the first 20 laps eliminated the Allison brothers and other contenders, leaving Cale Yarborough to breeze all but uncontested to the win; the win helped him close to within 29 points of leader Dale Earnhardt with one race left in the 1980 title chase.
 * 1981: ESPN televised the race live, the first such telecast for the third-year cable network. The race turned into a spirited affair as Neil Bonnett and Richard Petty fought back and forth for the lead amid bids by Darrell Waltrip, Joe Ruttman, and Harry Gant.  The final two laps were a fierce duel won by Bonnett over Waltrip and Cale Yarborough.
 * 1982: The race set a track record for lead changes at 45, among 14 drivers. Blistered tires ruined a victory bid by Richard Petty as Bobby Allison outdueled Darrell Waltrip and Harry Gant for the win. This would be the final start for Country music singer Marty Robbins, who would die in December of that year.
 * 1984: Driver Terry Schoonover was killed in the race after crashing into the barrier in turn two.
 * 1986: Dale Earnhardt wrapped up his second career title by completely dominating the Dixie 500. The rest of the top five was a list of NASCAR luminaries – Richard Petty, Bill Elliott, Tim Richmond, and Buddy Baker.
 * 1987: For the first time, this race was scheduled as the final race of the NASCAR season.
 * 1989: In this race, independent driver Grant Adcox was killed in a crash.
 * 1990: With cars packed tightly together for late-race pit stops under yellow (the result of NASCAR's rule closing pit road when the yellow comes out instead of letting cars pit before taking the yellow), one of Bill Elliott's crew members was killed when Ricky Rudd was coming into the pits for service and lost control of his car. This led to NASCAR mandating a speed limit on pit road for crew member's safety.
 * 1992: Widely considered one of the most dramatic NASCAR races of all time. See 1992 Hooters 500
 * 1993: Race winner Rusty Wallace and Winston Cup champion Dale Earnhardt circled the track in a Polish Victory Lap, carrying No. 7 and No. 28 flags to honor Alan Kulwicki and Davey Allison who were both killed in aviation accidents during the season. Both Kulwicki and Allison were key fixtures exactly one year earlier at the classic 1992 race.
 * 1995: Jeff Gordon wrapped up his first series title as Dale Earnhardt drove his No. 3 to victory at the race time of 3 hours, 3 minutes, and 3 seconds. Jeff Gordon became the youngest champion of NASCAR's Modern Era at 24 years, 3 months, and 3 days old. Dale Earnhardt scored his 7th win at Atlanta, tying Cale Yarborough as the all-time winningest driver at Atlanta Motor Speedway.
 * 1996: Bobby Labonte took the win, the first for Joe Gibbs Racing building its own engines after four seasons running Rick Hendrick engines. Terry Labonte clinched the 1996 Winston Cup Championship driving for Hendrick Motorsports. The two made a victory lap together and celebrated together in victory lane.
 * 1997: 325 laps / 500.5 miles with new configuration. Bobby Labonte won in JGR's first win with Pontiac; Pontiacs dominated the top ten at the finish
 * 1998: Race shortened due to rain and darkness. Rain delays throughout the day made the race go into midnight, and track officials wanted the fans to get home at a decent hour. First night Cup race.
 * 2000: Race postponed from Sunday to Monday due to rain. Final career start for Darrell Waltrip. It would be the final time the event would be the last race of the NASCAR season.
 * 2001: Was scheduled to be the final race of the 2001 season, but Loudon was moved to the weekend after due to 9/11. That instead made this the second-to-last race of the season.
 * 2002: Race shortened due to rain. Moved from November to October, such that the race will no longer be the final race of the NASCAR season.
 * 2009: Race moved from October to Labor Day weekend, marking the first regularly scheduled NASCAR Cup Series race at Atlanta to start at night. Kasey Kahne took the win, the second of the year for the team now under the aegis of Richard Petty Motorsports.
 * 2011: Race postponed from Sunday night to Tuesday afternoon due to rain. Jeff Gordon scored his 85th career win after a fierce duel with teammate Jimmie Johnson over the final ten laps on worn tires, giving him sole possession of third on the all-time wins list and the most wins by a driver in NASCAR Modern Era (1972–present). This was only the second time in NASCAR's Modern Era that a race was postponed to a Tuesday, the other time coming in August 2007 at Michigan (also for rain). Gordon was honored by NASCAR president Mike Helton with a framed portrait of photos from past victories by Jeff made into the shape of the No. 85 to commemorate the milestone victory.
 * 2015: The start of the race was delayed nearly an hour due to rain. Once the race began there were two wrecks, one with 69 laps to go where two cars were involved, and another wreck with 21 laps to go. Six cars were involved in the second incident, which brought a nine-minute, one-second red flag to facilitate cleanup on the track. Jimmie Johnson scored his first win of the season.
 * 2016: Johnson repeated as race winner and tied Dale Earnhardt with 76 career Cup wins. Matt Kenseth was black flagged on a green flag stop when a crewman left a wedge wrench on the rear deck and another crewman picked it up for use on the car; a communication breakdown meant Kenseth stayed on the racetrack for five laps and was not scored for one of those laps.
 * 2017: 2500th Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race. Kevin Harvick led 292 of the 325 laps and looked to be on his way to his second win at Atlanta until a caution came out for Austin Dillon's stalled car. When they came down pit road under caution, Harvick got caught speeding exiting sending him to the rear of the field. Kyle Larson found himself on his way to the win, until with seven laps to go left the door open as if he were oblivious, allowing Brad Keselowski to pass him and ultimately win. It was also the first time the stage racing format was used at Atlanta, where stages 1 and 2 were 85 laps long each, and stage 3 comprising the final 155 laps of the event. Last race on the original pavement laid down when the track was reconfigured in 1997, but voices from fans and drivers are calling for them not to repave the surface, even though several drivers saw tires fail during the race.
 * 2022: The 2022 race marked the first event to be held on the track after it was repaved and reprofiled with steeper turns and a narrower racing surface, with a new rules package to emulate superspeedway racing like that seen at Daytona and Talladega. The event set a then-track record for lead changes, with 46 lead changes among 20 leaders. William Byron took his third career Cup victory after dominating the closing portion of the race.
 * 2024: Daniel Suárez scored his 2nd career NCS victory in a three-wide photo finish with Ryan Blaney and Kyle Busch. The margin of victory was 0.003 seconds between Suárez and Blaney, and 0.007 seconds between Suárez and Busch. This was the third-closest finish in NASCAR Cup Series history, behind the 2003 Carolina Dodge Dealers 400 at Darlington and the 2011 Aaron's 499 at Talladega (both races were won by 0.002 seconds). The race broke the 2022 race's of lead changes, with 48 lead changes among 14 drivers.

title: Ambetter Health 400


text:
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Computing/Early/Dmcdevit 20050718

I wonder if you could update the List of Wikipedians by number of edits. There's been a lot of hubbub recently after the page was put on VfD for being out of date. It looks like no one there knows how to update it anymore, and to be honest, I don't care for the pag much,so I don't know much about how it works. Help is appreciated. --Dmcdevit·t 22:11, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Who ever put it up for deletion is maniacal. If it's out of date - update it!--Knucmo2 17:55, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll take a look and see what I can do. Triddle 20:48, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks like the SQL query will have to be rewritten. I would do it myself but I don't have the time at the moment. I'll be able to get to this in the future but not for a while. In the mean time I hope someone else will notice this and write the query. Triddle 18:00, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

See Wikipedia_talk:List of Wikipedians by number of edits. I have a program running (on Unix, but it's in C and uses Stdio, so it'll run on anything) to grovel over a database dump and produce the StatisticsUsers.csv file (or something that looks something like it, if another format would be easier). Now I need to track down what the next stage was (in terms of turning that into the stuff on List of Wikipedians by number of edits. Can you help with that? Noel (talk) 04:25, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good work; that should be a quick read, store, and sort operation in Perl to get the sorted list. If you can give me a short sample of the dataset (or even a link to the entire dataset), I'll try my hand at a Perl program that'll generate the output. Triddle 15:44, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

Edit count (all): SELECT rev_user_text User, COUNT(*) Edits FROM mw_revision revision WHERE rev_user != 0 GROUP BY rev_user ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 2000

Edit count (number of articles): change COUNT(*) to COUNT(DISTINCT rev_page)

Edit count (non-minor): add  AND rev_minor_edit = 0 to the WHERE clause

Edit count (main namespace only): add  LEFT JOIN mw_page page ON rev_page = page_id to the FROM clause and  AND page_namespace = 0 to the WHERE clause

I'm going to ask a dev to run <tt>EXPLAIN</tt> on some of these and decide if it's worth doing. r3m0t talk 21:40, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Suggestions

 * 1) The SQL that is created to generate this report should be attached to this ticket so this problem can be avoided in the future. Triddle 18:00, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Status

 * Case needs help Triddle 18:00, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Case opened Triddle 20:48, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Ambetter Health 400

Fair use rationale for Image:Pepboys500 logo.gif
Image:Pepboys500 logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:07, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Requested moves

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moot per Dough4872's comment. Armbrust The Homunculus 09:56, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

– The AdvoCare 500 has been renamed the Atlanta 500. The current race should be the primary topic for "Atlanta 500" while the former race should be moved to Atlanta 500 (former) or perhaps Kobalt Tools 500 (Atlanta) for the last sponsor of that race. --Relisted. Armbrust The Homunculus 11:52, 2 August 2014 (UTC)  Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 14:04, 25 July 2014 (UTC)  Dough 48  72  03:54, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
 * AdvoCare 500 → Atlanta 500
 * Atlanta 500 → Atlanta 500 (former)
 * Support both in principle but (former race) is a better disambiguator, though possibly not an ideal choice. Red Slash 02:21, 18 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Comment I see nothing where this has been changed, though NASCAR.com simply lists it as NASCAR SPRINT CUP SERIES AUGUST ATLANTA RACE. Even the online ticket sites are still calling it the AdvoCare 500.  I think it would be better to wait until something official is announced, rather than going on supposition.     ArcAngel    (talk) ) 02:18, 26 July 2014 (UTC)
 * There is a possibility this race could pick up sponsorship before it happens, in which case it would be moved to that title and the Atlanta 500 article wouldn't have to be moved. But looking at official sources (such as AMSs website and NASCAR.com) it appears AdvoCare is not sponsoring the race this year and the ticket sites could simply be using an outdated name.  Dough 48  72  03:19, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose I propose instead that the existing Atlanta 500 article be added to with something like "...from 1960 to 2010, then starting again in 2014.", and re-wording the AdvoCare 500 article to put it in past tense. It's still the same race so I see no reason to "separate" it out between "old" and "new".     ArcAngel    (talk) ) 16:59, 2 August 2014 (UTC)
 * The problem with that is the current Atlanta 500 article covers the former spring race date at Atlanta while this article, which should be renamed to Atlanta 500, covers the current Labor Day weekend race date. This year's race, despite the name change, is not a resumption of the former race date but rather a continuation of the AdvoCare 500 under a different name, which happens to be a former name for the spring race. Also, I should note that the current "Atlanta 500" has gone by numerous different names and was last called the Kobalt Tools 500.  Dough 48  72  00:16, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Comment - This move proposal is now moot as the race has been renamed to the Oral-B USA 500 and has been moved to that title.  Dough 48  72  00:20, 6 August 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Quaker State 400 (Atlanta) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:01, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

Pep boys don’t care and can rob you anytime they want
Pep Boys crashed my vehicle while they were changing the tires laughed about it and gave me $200 off my bill and made me pay the bill before I could get my car back I contacted corporate I tried to talk to the CEO I have been trying for three days now to resolve the issue and they say they’re sorry there’s nothing they can do so you just crash peoples cars cost $5000 in damage and make them pay you for that thanks Pep Boys 2600:1702:28C0:4D30:F865:6EF7:F38B:C64C (talk) 15:19, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Pep boys biggest ripoffs ever
$5500 for a four tires for my van lol welcome to post Covid Pep Boys they’re gonna make us pay for their mistakes 2600:1702:28C0:4D30:F865:6EF7:F38B:C64C (talk) 15:22, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ambetter Health 400


text: File:Arisetherefore albumcover.gif

title: File:Arisetherefore albumcover.gif


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Inkerman (disambiguation)

Inkerman can refer to:

Places

 * Inkerman, a town in Crimea and the site of the Battle of Inkerman
 * Inkerman, County Durham, a village in County Durham, in England
 * Inkerman, Pennsylvania, a village in the United States
 * Inkerman, Queensland, a town in Australia
 * Inkerman, Renfrewshire, a mining hamlet in Scotland
 * Inkerman, South Australia, a town in the Mid North of South Australia
 * Inkerman Parish, New Brunswick, a community in Canada
 * Inkerman, New Brunswick, a community located within Inkerman Parish
 * Inkerman, Ontario, a community located within North Dundas township
 * Inkerman Senate division, one of the constitutionally-mandated Canadian Senate divisions in Quebec

Events

 * the Battle of Inkerman in the Crimean War

Other

 * Inkerman, a French minesweeper, built in 1918 by Canadian Car and Foundry, lost on her maiden voyage on Lake Superior
 * Inkerman (horse), an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire of the late 1970s and 1980s
 * Inkerman Sugar Mill in Queensland, Australia

title: Inkerman (disambiguation)


text:
User:Stewartadcock/notes

An introduction to the wonderful world of WikiWikiWebs and one research group's experiences
Or, a short Wiki case-study

See also: An associated article

Wiki - a powerful, community-based, collaborative editing environment

 * enables documents to be authored collectively using a web browser
 * e.g. Wikipedia
 * the world's largest encyclopedia.
 * Alexa traffic data for Wikipedia

 * Freely editable.
 * e.g. Tessella (company)

 * Auditable history
 * e.g. Page history

The McCammon group had an internal website

 * awkward to maintain content.
 * Hand-crafted HTML.
 * Non-standard Apache configuration.
 * "Secret" passwords.

 * progressively more out-dated content.

The "McWiki"

 * Implemented using Zwiki.
 * [[Image:Mcwiki_front_fullsize.gif|200px]]

Many lessons

 * Good...
 * Easily maintained contact information
 * Constantly maintained HOWTO and FAQ documents.
 * A collaborative forum.
 * Interactive documents.
 * Auditable history.

 * ...and bad (but not so many!)
 * slight learning curve (more behavioural than technical)
 * no formal editorial or peer-review process
 * poor medium for discussions and debates
 * addictive!

title: User:Stewartadcock/notes


text: User talk:134.161.244.89

title: User talk:134.161.244.89


text:
Multilineal evolution

Multilineal evolution is a 20th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures. It is composed of many competing theories by various sociologists and anthropologists. This theory has replaced the older 19th century set of theories of unilineal evolution, where evolutionists were deeply interested in making generalizations.

When critique of classical social evolutionism became widely accepted, modern anthropological and sociological approaches have changed to reflect their responses to the critique of their predecessor. Modern theories are careful to avoid unsourced, ethnocentric speculation, comparisons, or value judgements; more or less regarding individual societies as existing within their own historical contexts. These conditions provided the context for new theories such as cultural relativism and multilinear evolution, which criticizes the generalization of culture and hypothetical stages of evolution.

History
Around 1940, a number of American anthropologists began rejecting the ideas of unilinear evolutionism and universal evolutionism, and began to move towards the idea of multilinear evolutionism. This theory focused around the process that culture moves forward down a number of paths consisting of different styles and lengths.

Approaches
By mid-twentieth century, anthropologists started to criticize the generalization of culture and the hypothetical stages of cultural evolution, and instead, started a new trend of viewing all cultures as unique according to time and place.

Leslie White rejected the opposition between "primitive" and "modern" societies but did argue that societies could be distinguished based on the amount of energy they harnessed, and that increased energy allowed for greater social differentiation. White thought in broad, universal schemes, while anthropologists such as Julian Steward preferred to use a more limited, multilinear strategy. Steward rejected the 19th century notion of progress, and instead called attention to the Darwinian notion of "adaptation," arguing that all societies had to adapt to their environment in some way, but that the process could differ between cultures. Julian Steward thus linked multilinear evolution with the idea of cultural ecology.

Anthropologists Marshall Sahlins and Elman Service wrote a book, Evolution and Culture, in which they attempted to synthesize White's and Steward's approaches. Sahlins and Service argue that societies develop through a process of specialized adaptions to their habitat and neighbouring societies, and that variations in environments and historical contacts are what leads to cultural diversification.

Cultural evolution had previously been treated much like biological evolution, but many anthropologists were quick to dismiss this comparison. Steward wrote that unlike biological evolution, in cultural evolution it is assumed that cultural patterns in different parts of the world are genetically unrelated, and yet they were said in unilinear evolution to pass through parallel sequences. Sahlins and Service also dismissed this comparison, stating that cultural variation could be transmitted between different lines by diffusion, where biological evolution cannot.

The multilineal evolutionary theory views the process of cultural development as an adaption to nature's resources through technological breakthroughs, as well as coping with outside cultural influence. Through this adaptation process, cultures form new traits called "inventions," and new items are made available from outside cultures through "diffusion." While each anthropologist's theory regarding multilineal evolution has varied slightly, most agreed that no specific evolutionary changes are experienced by all cultures universally, but that all human societies do generally evolve or progress.

Other anthropologists, such as Peter Vayda and Roy Rappaport, have gone on to build or respond to work done by White and Steward, such as developing theories of cultural ecology and ecological anthropology. By the late 1950s, students of Steward such as Eric Wolf and Sidney Mintz turned away from cultural ecology to Marxism, World Systems Theory, Dependency theory and Marvin Harris's cultural materialism.

Twenty-first Century
Today most anthropologists continue to reject 19th century notions of progress and the three original assumptions of unilineal evolution. Following Steward, they take seriously the relationship between a culture and its environment in attempts to explain different aspects of a culture. But most modern cultural anthropologists have adopted a general systems approach, examining cultures as emergent systems and argue that one must consider the whole social environment, which includes political and economic relations among cultures. There are still others who continue to reject the entirety of the evolutionary thinking and look instead at historical contingencies, contacts with other cultures, and the operation of cultural symbol systems. As a result, the simplistic notion of 'cultural evolution' has grown less useful and given way to an entire series of more nuanced approaches to the relationship of culture and environment. In the area of development studies, authors such as Amartya Sen have developed an understanding of 'development' and 'human flourishing' that also question more simplistic notions of progress, while retaining much of their original inspiration.

title: Multilineal evolution


text:
Baháʼí Esperanto League

The Baháʼí Esperanto League (BEL) is the official organization of Baháʼís who are Esperantists. It was founded on 19 March 1973 with the approval of the Universal House of Justice.

The Baháʼí Faith and Esperanto
The Baháʼí Faith advocates the introduction of an international auxiliary language which, together with the mother tongue, would be taught in all the schools of the world (see Baháʼí Faith and auxiliary language). This is one of the prerequisites of Baháʼu'lláh for the unification of mankind, the establishment of lasting peace and the advancement of human culture.

Thus it is not surprising that the relationship of the Baháʼí community to the Esperanto movement has a long history. Esperanto was highly praised by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. From the time of its introduction until the present time, many Baháʼís have learned the language and actively supported the Esperanto movement.

Baháʼu'lláh has left it to the governments of the world to decide upon the question of a common script and to choose the international language from among the existing national tongues or to create a new language specially for this purpose. For this reason Baháʼís tend to place emphasis on the urgency of introducing such a language rather than giving direct support to Esperanto or to any other one language.

Bahaʼu'lláh himself in the Sixth Ishraq calls on the Universal House of Justice to decide the language question: “In former epistles We have enjoined upon Trustees of the House of Justice either to choose one language from among those now existing or to adopt a new one…” And, this institution itself in its letter of 8 June 1980 has expanded: “On the one hand this task is given to the governments of the world, on the other it is given to the House of Justice.” The selection question is probably ergo a process in at least two parts resting with – (1) the supreme governing body of the Bahaʼis of the world (Haifa) and (2) as stated on the last page of the Kitab-i-Aqdas with the parliaments of the world.

As Baháʼí texts etc. on this vast subject are many and deep and as they refer positively in various places to five tongues - Arabic, English, Esperanto, Persian and Spanish - one can easily accept why the very next sentence of that 1980 letter explains: "It is not possible now to see how this will come about..." What requires little intellectual discussion is how often and pleadingly ʻAbdu'l-Baha asked 'every one of us to study Esperanto' whether or not it becomes universal and how Shoghi Effendi interpreted all that as 'repeated and emphatic admonitions of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá.' The whole language question however is similar to what the essence of religion has ever been - a spiritual and mystical matter over and above any intellectual dimension. When this overarching Bahaʼi principle is systematically and widely consulted on this process will be better understood and disputes re the selection question avoided because whether English will remain dominant or whether Mandarin will become dominant are as ephemeral questions as which national language of the 19th century was dominant. Such puerile disputes will evaporate when the principle of a universal auxiliary language is properly discussed and understood.

The Baháʼí Esperanto League
In the 1920s and 30s certain notable Baháʼís such as Martha Root, Lidia Zamenhof and Hermann Grossmann — the founder of the Baháʼí Esperanto magazine La Nova Tago — were active in the Esperanto movement. After the Second World War, the office of the Baháʼí International Community in Geneva was able to continue this activity, but only for a few years. In the 1950s and 60s the task was again taken over by individuals such as Adelbert Mühlschlegel and Roan Orloff-Stone. As a natural outcome of this, the Baháʼí Esperanto League was founded at the beginning of the 1970s, thus placing the activities of the Baháʼí Esperantists on a broader foundation.

Founding the Baháʼí Esperanto League
There are signs that the idea of forming a collaboration of Baháʼí Esperantists was beginning to grow even at the beginning of the 1960s, particularly at the time immediately before the Esperanto World Congress in Budapest in 1966. Adelbert Mühlschlegel made efforts to bring this about but initially not very much was achieved. It was not until Paulo Amorim Cardoso accepted the faith in Brazil in 1971 that, with his help and that of Roan Orloff-Stone in the USA, the idea of a collaboration began, with surprising speed, to change into a viable project.

In a letter of July 1971 Cardoso, who at that time was secretary of the Local Spiritual Assembly of Fortaleza in Brazil, wrote, on behalf of that Assembly, that "it is our intention to create an international Baháʼí Esperanto organisation". With this letter he included a first draft of the constitution of the proposed organisation in which its main aims were defined, namely, the publication of Baháʼí literature in Esperanto, the dissemination of the Baháʼí Faith amongst the Esperantists and the promotion of Esperanto in the Baháʼí Community. He also enclosed with his letter a list (all together 18 names) of Baháʼí Esperantists in Brazil (8), India (1), Spain (1), Iran (1), Portugal (1) and the USA (6). It is very likely that Cardoso's letter was addressed to these 18 people. Also enclosed with his letter was another list, compiled by Roan Orloff-Stone, that contained the names and addresses in 13 different countries of 47 further persons, almost half of them being in the USA. In addition Cardoso began to produce and distribute a newsletter entitled "Komuna Bahaa Letero" ("Communal Baháʼí Newsletter"), which later grew into the official BEL Newsletter. It was then during the 57th Esperanto World Congress in Portland, Oregon (USA), that the nine participating Baháʼís consulted together and decided to write to the Universal House of Justice to seek its approval for the founding of a Baháʼí Esperanto organisation. After consulting with "Hand of the Cause of God" Adelbert Mühlschlegel, who according to them was "enthusiastic" about this proposal, the Universal House of Justice gave their consent in a letter dated 19 March 1973 (18.19.129 BE), a date which effectively marks the birth of the Baháʼí Esperanto League. In issue No. 5 (April 1973) of "Komuna Bahaa Letero" the House of Justice's consent was announced to all the Baháʼí Esperantists who were known to the initiators of the project. Simultaneously, application forms for membership in the League were sent out, together with voting slips for the election of the League's first managing committee.

This election was conducted according to the same principles that are applied when a Local Spiritual Assembly is elected (each member voted for nine persons from the body of all members, without the nomination of any candidates). In a message from the League, dated 30 July 1973, the result of the election, in which a total of 30 members had taken part, was announced: Paulo Amorim Cardoso (Brazil), Roan Orloff-Stone (USA), Habib Taherzadeh (Israel/Baháʼí World Centre), Adelbert Mühlschlegel (Switzerland), Badiollah Samimy (Iran), Manuel de Freitas (Portugal), S.C. Gupta (India), Chagzin Kim (Korea), Leonora Stirling Armstrong (Brazil). The term of office of the governing committee was fixed at three years. In issue No. 9 (November 1973) of the "Komuna Bahaa Letero" it was announced that "BEL now has 73 members in 14 countries: USA 27, Brazil 24, Canada 4, Iran 4, Spain 3, Italy 2, Portugal 2, Argentina 1, Austria 1, Germany 1, Israel 1, Korea 1, The Netherlands 1, Switzerland 1". And in the following issue, No. 10 (January 1974), it was announced: "Here are the names of the first managing committee of our dearly beloved Baháʼí Esperanto League: Chairman: Adelbert Mühlschlegel (Germany), Vice-chairman: Habib Taherzadeh (Israel), Secretary: Paulo Amorim Cardoso (Brazil), Vice-secretary: Roan Orloff-Stone (USA), Treasurer: Manuel de Freitas (Portugal), Vice-treasurer: Leonora Stirling-Armstrong (Brazil)". It was also announced that, in accordance with an earlier decision, all those who had become members up to the time of the election of the first managing committee would automatically be regarded as the founding members of BEL; there were 80 such members in 17 different countries.

First activities
Apart from the task of gaining new members, one of the first activities of the League was the publication of basic Baháʼí information in Esperanto. The League also turned its attention to the question of Baháʼí terminology in Esperanto, for example the names of the 19 months of the Baháʼí Calendar (with issue No. 15 of the "Komuna Bahaa Letero", May 1975, a calendar was enclosed, in which the Baháʼí and Gregorian calendars were placed side by side). The League also applied to the World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA) for official recognition of BEL as a "kunlaboranta faka asocio" (a cooperating specialised subgroup) of UEA. BEL's application for this status was accepted at the World Esperanto Congress in the following year.

In spite of the successes they had, for the new League the first few years were not easy. Not only were the individual members widely scattered throughout the world, but the members of the managing committee as well. This geographical separation inhibited joint action so that most of the activities were carried out by individuals and were often initiated by the BEL secretary himself. The first secretary was Paulo Amorim Cardoso (Brazil). His work was augmented by Roan Orloff-Stone (USA), who made a significant contribution towards the development of the League and attended all the Esperanto World Congresses between 1976 and 1988. With such a driving force as this, supported by the efforts of a few other dedicated members, the Baháʼí Faith was well represented at each of these Congresses.

In 1976, John T. Dale took over the secretaryship of BEL. Like his predecessor, P.A. Cardoso, he did great deal in moulding the character of the League. He contributed numerous ideas towards the development of BEL and initiated a series of projects, many of which were concerned with the publication of new material. He also took on the task of editing the BEL Newsletter, to which he gave the new name "BELmonda Letero". The name may be translated as "BEL World Letter", but the Esperanto pun on the first word ("belmonda" means "beautiful world") is lost in translation.

Attempts, obstacles and achievements
Even after the initial founding years, the League went on being handicapped by the problem of geographical separation; the managing committee itself was unable to make personal acquaintance with the majority of the BEL members. On top of all this, in 1979, contact with the Baháʼí Esperantists in Iran (there had been 16 on the election list of 1976) had to be broken off because, in the wake of the Islamic Revolution, correspondence with the West would have been dangerous for these members.

One of the main tasks to which John Dale, in his capacity as secretary, dedicated himself "was to rectify the widespread misunderstanding on the part of Baháʼís of the Esperanto language". He found that the many of them favoured English as the future world language; others regarded Esperanto as the ideal candidate for this role but were not willing to learn it before a specific request to do so had come from the Universal House of Justice. "To overcome such misunderstanding of and resistance towards the activities of BEL, I took upon myself the following tasks: (1) to compile quotations from the Baháʼí Writings about Esperanto and the language problem; ... (2) to collect Baháʼí-Esperanto documents and to translate various Baháʼí texts into Esperanto; ... (3) to produce and distribute information material and basic documents in English and Esperanto as an aid towards making BEL better known among both Baháʼís and Esperantists."

The translation of John Esslemont's "Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era" — the most widely known introduction to the Baháʼí Faith — into Esperanto had been initiated by Martha Root and carried to completion by Lidia Zamenhof. The reissuing in 1978 of this translation, "Baháʼu'lláh kaj la Nova Epoko", after revision, additions and the inclusion of an appendix was certainly one of the greatest successes of this period.

Furthermore in 1976, under the editorship of John Dale, BEL published the brochure "Unueco kaj universala lingvo" (Unity and Universal Language) in four languages (Portuguese, Spanish, Esperanto and the original English). This was followed in 1977 by the brochure "Bahaaj Respondoj" (Baháʼí Answers) and in 1981 by "La Kaŝitaj Vortoj" (The Hidden Words), one of the central Writings of Baháʼu'lláh. In 1979 Dale also sent a letter, enclosing a copy of the "BELmonda Letero", to all National Spritiual Assemblies in order to make the existence of BEL better known to seek the cooperation of the national Baháʼí communities. Dale also wrote to the Universal House of Justice, requesting it "to consider ways and means of experimentally introducing Esperanto and encouraging the Baháʼís to learn the language."

A similar request had been made earlier by Cardoso. But again the attempt was in vain. The Universal House of Justice did not change its standpoint: although very much sympathising with the aims of the Baháʼí-Esperanto movement, it was opposed to the unofficial introduction of Esperanto (even if only temporary) into the Baháʼí Community, stressing that it was the principle of an international auxiliary language rather any one concrete proposal that Baháʼís supported. At that time Cardoso had been so disappointed that all his efforts were bearing no fruit that he left the Faith a few years later.

New developments following the World Congresses in Beijing and Warsaw
During the second half of the 1980s, the centre of activity began to shift away from the Americas to Western Europe, Germany in particular, and it was during this time the League began to prosper. One reason behind this was that amongst the Baháʼís Esperanto had acquired the reputation of being an "entrance ticket" to countries behind the so-called Iron Curtain, countries to which the Baháʼí Faith had had no access during the preceding decades. In this connection, the Esperanto World Congress in Beijing in 1986, in which about a dozen BEL members from nearly as many different countries took part, and in the following the Centenary Congress in Warsaw in 1987, which was attended by an unprecedented number of Baháʼís (about 50 from 20 different countries).

In addition to the nucleus of the League, Baháʼí-Esperanto committees or subsidiary groups in Germany, the USA, Great Britain and Switzerland (in 1993 Bulgaria joined them) were set up in the past and in part are still functioning today. Following the "Internacia Junulara Kongreso" (IJK, International Youth Congress) in Kraków, Poland, in 1987, the League was even able to found a youth section, known as JuBEL, which for several years afterwards was able to arrange that young Baháʼí Esperantists took part in the annual International Youth Congresses (IJK) and that Baháʼí items were included in the congress programmes.

At the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s BEL was also able to organise a series of several-day seminars on the Faith, the so-called "BELaj Tagoj" (BEL Days or "Beautiful Days"), three of which took place in Poland and one each in Bulgaria and the Slovak Republic. And in 1992, Roman Dobrzynski, a Polish journalist and the then Vice-President of the UEA (Universala Esperanto-Asocio: Universal Esperanto Association), presented, during the Esperanto World Congress in Vienna, the Esperanto version of his film on the Faith and the Baháʼí World Centre in Haifa, Israel, entitled Ŝafejo de la Naŭa Profeto (Sheepfold of the Ninth Prophet).

Progress was also made in the publication of Baháʼí Esperanto literature; for example the two attractive brochures with colour printing: "La Vojo al Paco" (The Way to Peace) and "La Bahaa Kredo" (The Baháʼí Religion), as well as the very important publication entitled "La Promeso de Monda Paco" (The Promise of World Peace). In 1989 BEL made a significant contribution towards the publication of the well-known compilation by O.P. Ghai entitled Unueco en Diverseco (Unity in Diversity). And in 1992 BEL was also able to publish a small selection from the Writings of Baháʼu'lláh entitled Perloj de l'Saĝo (Pearls of Wisdom).

Not long after John T. Dale had tried to develop and more widely distribute the "BELmonda Letero", it shrank to a modest circular letter of 2 to 6 pages. It continues to function as the newsletter for all BEL members and is automatically distributed to them subscription-free. It contains membership information, important addresses, statements from the managing committee, news of activities in different countries and extracts from the Baháʼí Writings. It has become an important instrument of communication within the worldwide BEL community.

BEL today
The membership of BEL increased over the years to more than 400, but an evaluation of the membership figures at the beginning of the 1990s showed that it had dropped to about half this number. As of 2005, BEL had 410 members in 64 countries. Most of the BEL members at that time were to be found in Bulgaria (59), Germany (56), the USA (45), Russia (35) and Great Britain (21). Right from the beginning, no membership charges were collected and, except for some donations from single National Spiritual Assemblies and other Baháʼí sources, the activities of the League were financed by voluntary contributions from its members.

In the last few years, BEL has concentrated on active participation in the Esperanto World Congresses, on the occasional publication of Baháʼí articles in Esperanto magazines, and on the translation of important Baháʼí documents: some in their entirety such as "La Promeso de Monda Paco" (The Promise of World Peace) in 1996, "Baháʼu'lláh" in 1992; others in the form of summaries such as in 1996 "La prospero de la homaro" (The Prosperity of Mankind) and "Turnopunkto por Ĉiuj Nacioj" (Turning Point for All Nations).

From time to time, BEL also tries to inform the Baháʼí world community about the Esperanto language and the Esperanto movement.

To celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the League, a brochure of about 60 pages was published, with the title "Bahaismo kaj Esperanto. Festlibro okaze de la dudekkvinjariĝo de la Bahaa Esperanto-Ligo" (Bahaism and Esperanto. Commemorative Volume for the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Baháʼí Esperanto League). In this brochure, BEL looks back on a long history of the relationship and the cooperation between Baháʼís and Esperantists. The congratulatory openings by the Presidents of the Universal Esperanto Association (UEA) and of BEL itself are followed by Bernhard Westerhoff's essay on the changing, and not always completely harmonious, relationship between the Baháʼís and the Esperantists. This is followed by two essays by and about Lidia Zamenhof, which show how the youngest daughter of Zamenhof found her spiritual home in the Baháʼí Religion. Several central Baháʼí texts on both the question of the international language generally and Esperanto in particular — including a recent recommendation from the Baháʼís that the UNO should adopt an international language — are used to illustrate the Baháʼí point of view on this subject. A lengthy essay casts light on the historical growth of the relationship between Baháʼís and Esperantists, presents biographical sketches of prominent Baháʼí Esperantists and describes the development of BEL. Finally an introduction to the Baháʼí Faith and an overview of Baháʼí literature in Esperanto rounds off this 60-page booklet.

One BEL project, initiated by John Dale, is the publication of a compilation of texts from the Baháʼí Writings, concerning the principle an international auxiliary language. This project was later taken over by Bernhard Westerhoff and then passed on to Gregory Paul Meyjes, who in 2015 first published an annotated collection of Baha'i excerpts on the auxiliary language in English, which was followed by a translation in Esperanto in 2019.

title: Baháʼí Esperanto League


text:
Arise Therefore

Arise Therefore is the fourth studio album by Will Oldham. It was released in 1996 under the moniker Palace Music, although sometimes credited simply to "Palace". The album features David Grubbs, Ned Oldham, and a Mayatone drum machine credited as "Maya Tone". It was recorded by Steve Albini at Pachyderm Studio in Cannon Falls, Minnesota.

Critical reception
Kurt Wolff of AllMusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and praised the lyrics, calling them "beautiful in their stark, pale honesty as often as they are indecipherable."

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

 * David Grubbs – piano, organ
 * Ned Oldham – bass guitar, effected guitar, additional vocals
 * Will Oldham – vocals, electric guitar
 * Maya Tone – drums, percussion
 * Steve Albini – recording
 * John Golden – mastering
 * Gene Booth – artwork

title: Arise Therefore


text:
User:Scott5114/Cheat-sheet

This page is a cheat sheet for new and forgetful Wikipedians that boils down a few of the many prodecural things that determine the fate of articles in Wikipedia. If you haven't already, it's probably a good idea to read the full policy and only use this page as reference.

You may find it handy to print out this page for future reference.

Speedy Deletion
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title: User:Scott5114/Cheat-sheet


text: User talk:69.37.67.148

title: User talk:69.37.67.148


text:
Talk:Suicidal Tendencies (album)

Song descriptions in text have nothing to do with the album or the band
A lot of the text is made up from 'Sage Francis did this' or 'Limp Bizkit did that'. Searching for more info on Suicidal's album led me to see what Limp Bizkit did instead. hanz_ofbyotch —Preceding comment was added at 00:44, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Some of these songs need their own article
I don't know enough about this band to make them, however. Just looking at this article, though, it has more information about the songs than the album itself. - Boss1000 04:53, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SuicidalTendenciesAlbum.jpg
Image:SuicidalTendenciesAlbum.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:02, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SuicidalTendenciesAlbum.jpg
Image:SuicidalTendenciesAlbum.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 06:21, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

= Alternative Track listing / Bonus-Tracks = At the reissue in 1987 (Europe, CD, Virgin CDV 2495) you'll find three additional Extra Tracks: 13-Possessed To Skate, 14-Human Guinea Pig, 15-Two Wrongs Don't Make A Right (But They Make Me Feel A Lot Better). There is an ohter additional fact: At my opinion the first album was released at American Lesion Music, not at Frontier Records!?! --217.230.55.19 (talk) 13:39, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Suicidal Tendencies (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110807125142/http://www.audiolunchbox.com/album?a=46030 to http://www.audiolunchbox.com/album?a=46030

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title: Talk:Suicidal Tendencies (album)


text:
Employee assistance program

An employee assistance program in the United States generally offers free and confidential assessments, short-term counseling, referrals, and follow-up services for employees. EAP counselors may also work in a consultative role with managers and supervisors to address employee and organizational challenges and needs. Many corporations, academic institution and/or government agencies are active in helping organizations prevent and cope with workplace violence, trauma, and other emergency response situations. There is a variety of support programs offered for employees. Even though EAPs are mainly aimed at work-related issues, there are a variety of programs that can assist with problems outside of the workplace. EAPs have grown in popularity over the years.

Early formation
EAPs have their origins in the late 1930s, and were formed out of programs that dealt with occupational alcoholism. During a time when drinking on the job was the norm, people began to notice the effects it had on job performance and productivity. This became a major issue for industrial jobs and would become the main focus for correction with job-based alcoholism programs. By 1939, the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) movement had begun to spread throughout the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. People in “recovery" began to eagerly share their experiences with other workers. This would be the start of the EAP movement. Businesses also started to see the effectiveness of the programs through the rehabilitation of their workers and the rise of productivity. These improvements sparked the thought of what other types of problems this program could address.

Taking shape
In 1962, The Kemper Group introduced a program to address alcoholic rehabilitation and later expanded the program to address the needs of the families of their employees as well. Including the families broaden the programs services to deal with marital, emotional, financial, legal, and drug abuse problems. In 1969, Senator Harold Hughes would introduce a bill called The Hughes Act. Sen. Hughes felt that there was a great lack of federal and state involvement in the treatment of alcoholism. In 1970, Congress would pass the Federal Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Act creating the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA). States would then soon begin to follow suit and denounce public intoxication and began treating alcoholism as a disease. The NIAAA priority would be to begin researching and treating alcoholism. They were also focused on providing states with grants to hire and train EAP specialist.

In the 1970s, the Occupational Alcoholism Bureau formed by the National Council on Alcoholism (NCA) and the Association of Labor and Management Administrators and Consultants on Alcoholism (ALMACA) helped to spread EAP concepts. They did this by distributing information, giving conferences and seminars, increasing the knowledge of professionals and the community. A number of treatment centers would also grow after the passing of the Hughes Act. These centers have EAP specialist on site to help in the rehabilitation processes. It is not known the exact amount of treatment centers in the United States.

Economic crisis cutbacks
Employee Assistance Programs would see a significant shift during the economic crisis of the 1980s. During this time, the government was forced to create cutbacks for programs. This would cause for mental health public agencies, treatment centers, and private counseling firms to survive by partnering with industry wanting to enter the EAP field. This though would also cause the effectiveness of the programs to come into question. The cutbacks began to affect the training of the EAP specialist and their effectiveness. The situations of workers also began to change at this time. People were also having to wait in lines, and were having to search for work due to the crisis.

Post September 11
In most recent years, the services provided by EAPs have changed in their direction. With events occurring in the United States and around the world has caused for EAPs to rise and the need for them greater in the United States. EAPs have also been affected by technology, terrorism attacks, natural disasters, disabilities act, and workplace violence. Since the events of September 11, 2001, EAP specialists have become more involved in incident debriefing and implementing plans during emergencies Providers began to report more on the workforce experiencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and an increase in occupational stress and depression.

Benefits
Some studies indicate that offering EAPs may result in various benefits for employers, including lower medical costs, reduced turnover and absenteeism, and higher employee productivity. Critics of these studies question the scientific validity of their findings, noting small sample sizes, lack of experimental control groups, and lack of standardized measures as primary concerns. Proponents, however, argue that the consistency of positive findings across studies in different service sectors denote at least some positive effect of programs, even if the most effective components of such programs have not been determined. EAPs may also provide other services to employers, such as supervisory consultations, support to troubled work teams, training and education programs, and critical incident services.

The provision of employee assistance services has established business benefits, including increased productivity of employees, and a decrease in both presenteeism and absenteeism. Employees typically have access to an EAP hotline 24 hours a day, so there is no need to wait to seek assistance. If an appointment with a medical professional or counselor is necessary, the employee can arrange to see one in just a few days. Because the employee can call anytime, they do not have to worry about calling from a work phone. You may also be able to minimize the cost of your health insurance plan, because employees can use the EAP to ward off stress-related illnesses, meaning fewer trips to the doctor.

Small businesses can especially benefit from EAP programs. Even though they may have fewer employees and may not see the need to implement an EAP program, small business owner's bottom line can suffer quicker due to decreased performance and productivity and workplace negativity. A small company could be severely damaged if they do not seek effective measures to rectify such issues. An employer that provides an effective, full-service EAP can help both themselves and employees by lowering risk and liability, improving employee satisfaction, and especially decreasing the stress small business owners experience when managing numerous responsibilities with little support.

Benefits of EAP are:
 * Direct Access: Employees call the psychologist's office directly.
 * Quick Response: The first counseling session occurs within a few days, and a crisis is dealt with immediately.
 * Professional: Counselors are typically qualified psychologists, and are experts in human behavior.
 * Confidentiality: The employer never knows who uses the service.
 * Off-Site: Counseling takes place at the psychologist's office.
 * Direct Treatment: Referrals are made only when the patient requires another specialist or long-term care.
 * Appropriate Coverage: 24 hours a day hot-line with offices in towns and cities in which employees are located

Service
Employees and their family members may use EAPs to help manage issues in their personal lives. EAP counselors typically provide assessment, support, and referrals to additional resources such as counselors for a limited number of program-paid counseling sessions. The issues for which EAPs provide support vary, but examples include:
 * substance abuse
 * occupational stress
 * emotional distress
 * major life events, including births, accidents and deaths
 * health care concerns
 * financial or non-work-related legal concerns
 * family/personal relationship issues
 * work relationship issues
 * concerns about aging parents

An EAP's services are usually free to the employee and their household members, having been prepaid by the employer. In most cases, an employer contracts with a third-party company to manage its EAP. Some of these companies rely upon other vendors or contracted employees for specialized services to supplement their own services, such as: financial advisors, attorneys, travel agents, elder/child care specialists, and the like.

Confidentiality is maintained in accordance with privacy laws and ethical standards.

In the United States, California requires EAP providers who deliver actual counseling services on a pre-paid basis for more than 3 sessions within any six-month period to have a Knox-Keene license. This is a specialty license for psychological services and is mandated by the Knox-Keene Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975. The state's Department of Managed Health Care regulates these licensed plans and assists consumers with regard to grievances, access to quality care, and ensuring that the EAP has an appropriate level of tangible net equity to deliver services to plan members. Title 28, Rule 1300.43.14 of the California Code of Regulations allows EAPs without a Knox-Keene license to request an exemption if they solely refer callers to external services and do not provide the actual services themselves.

Each Federal Executive Branch agency has an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). An EAP is a voluntary, confidential program that helps employees (including management) work through various life challenges that may adversely affect job performance, health, and personal well-being to optimize an organization's success. EAP services include assessments, counseling, and referrals for additional services to employees with personal and/or work-related concerns, such as stress, financial issues, legal issues, family problems, office conflicts, and alcohol and substance abuse. EAPs also often work with management and supervisors providing advanced planning for situations, such as organizational changes, legal considerations, emergency planning, and response to unique traumatic events. EAP’s can reap benefits for agencies, employees, families and communities. Some of those aspects that we will be focusing on are: the improvement of productivity and employee engagement, improving employees’ and dependents’ abilities to successfully respond to challenges, developing employee and manager competencies in managing workplace stress, reducing workplace absenteeism and unplanned absences, supporting employees and managers during workforce restructuring, reduction-in-forces, or other workforce change events, reducing workplace accidents, reducing the likelihood of workplace violence or other safety risks, supporting disaster and emergency preparedness, managing the effect of disruptive incidents, such as workplace, injury, or other crises, facilitating safe, timely, and effective return-to-work for employees short-term and extended absences, reducing healthcare costs associated with stress, depression, and other mental health issues, reducing employee turnover and related replacement costs.

Military/veterans
There are a variety of employee assistance programs in the military, ranging from financial assistance programs, family counseling, depression, and transitional assistance programs. One of the largest military employee assistance organizations is Military One Source. Military One Source offers both services directly to service members and their families, but can also help send people to places in the community if there is a specific need. If someone is in need of assistance and is: an active duty service member, family member of a service member, a veteran, or family member of a veteran, they can find additional information about the assistance programs offered by Military One Source on their website.

In the last couple decades military employee assistance programs have expanded greatly. What started as alcohol assistance programs has grown to help people with financial issues, physical health, family health, and since 2000 mental health programs have expanded rapidly as more has become known about Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). There are several programs for families, and increasing assistance for dual military families, families in which both spouses are active duty military, as they have grown dramatically in number. Financial programs have been expanded as well, as payday loan establishments grew in popularity in the 2000s; and as a result, debt among military members has grown as well. The Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society (NMCRS), is a program started by military members to help other members that have fallen into debt, and has expanded to also help service members reach educational goals. This society has helped many service members, as a service member can borrow up to 300 dollars without a reason, and more with a valid reason for either no interest or low interest depending on how much and how long they borrow for. The Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society has helped many members of the military when unforeseen problems arise. More information on the Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society can be found at: www.nmcrs.org.

One of the largest veteran employee assistance programs is the Veterans Affairs (VA). The VA provides a variety of services to veterans including: health care, education assistance, transitional housing assistance, mental health, financial assistance, women veterans assistance, and career search assistance. The Veteran Affairs is a nationwide system that offers their services to all veterans who attained any discharge other than dishonorable. More information on Veterans Affairs can be found at: www.va.gov.

title: Employee assistance program


text: User talk:12.106.254.66

title: User talk:12.106.254.66


text:
User:Dankell~enwiki

I dont bother edit my userpage for the moment...

title: User:Dankell~enwiki


text:
Phonaesthetics

Phonaesthetics (also spelled phonesthetics in North America) is the study of beauty and pleasantness associated with the sounds of certain words or parts of words. The term was first used in this sense, perhaps by J. R. R. Tolkien, during the mid-20th century and derives. Speech sounds have many aesthetic qualities, some of which are subjectively regarded as euphonious (pleasing) or cacophonous (displeasing). Phonaesthetics remains a budding and often subjective field of study, with no scientifically or otherwise formally established definition; today, it mostly exists as a marginal branch of psychology, phonetics, or poetics.

More broadly, the British linguist David Crystal has regarded phonaesthetics as the study of "phonaesthesia" (i.e., sound symbolism and phonesthemes): that not just words but even certain sound combinations carry meaning. For example, he shows that English speakers tend to associate unpleasantness with the sound sl- in such words as sleazy, slime, slug, and slush, or they associate repetition lacking any particular shape with -tter in such words as chatter, glitter, flutter, and shatter.

Euphony and cacophony
Euphony is the effect of sounds being perceived as pleasant, rhythmical, lyrical, or harmonious. Cacophony is the effect of sounds being perceived as harsh, unpleasant, chaotic, and often discordant; these sounds are perhaps meaningless and jumbled together. Compare with consonance and dissonance in music. In poetry, for example, euphony may be used deliberately to convey comfort, peace, or serenity, while cacophony may be used to convey discomfort, pain, or disorder. This is often furthered by the combined effect of the meaning beyond just the sounds themselves.

The California Federation of Chaparral Poets uses Emily Dickinson's "A Bird came down the Walk" as an example of euphonious poetry, one passage being "...Oars divide the Ocean, / Too silver for a seam" and John Updike's "Player Piano" as an example of cacophonous poetry, one passage being "My stick fingers click with a snicker / And, chuckling, they knuckle the keys".

Research
David Crystal's 1995 paper "Phonaesthetically Speaking" explores lists, created by reader polls and individual writers, of English words that are commonly regarded as sounding beautiful, to search for any patterns within the words' phonetics. Frequently recurring example words in these lists include gossamer, melody, and tranquil. Crystal's finding, assuming a British Received Pronunciation accent, is that words perceived as pretty tend to have a majority of a wide array of criteria; here are some major ones: A perfect example word, according to these findings, is tremulous. Crystal also suggests the invented words ramelon and drematol, which he notes are similar to the types of names often employed in the marketing of pharmaceutical drugs.
 * Three or more syllables (e.g., goss·a·mer and mel·o·dy)
 * Stress on the first syllable (e.g., góssamer and mélody)
 * is the most common consonant phoneme, followed by, then a huge drop-off before other consonants (e.g.,  l u m i n ou s  contains the first four)
 * Short vowels (e.g., the schwa, followed in order by the vowels in lid, led, and lad) are favored over long vowels and diphthongs (e.g., as in lied, load, loud)
 * Three or more manners of articulation (with approximant consonants the most common, followed by stop consonants, and so on)

Cellar door

The English compound noun cellar door has been widely cited as an example of a word or phrase that is beautiful purely in terms of its sound (i.e., euphony) without inherent regard for its meaning. The phenomenon of cellar door being regarded as euphonious appears to have begun in the very early twentieth century, first attested in the 1903 novel Gee-Boy by the Shakespeare scholar Cyrus Lauron Hooper. It has been promoted as beautiful-sounding by various writers; linguist Geoffrey Nunberg specifically names the writers H. L. Mencken in 1920; David Allan Robertson in 1921; Dorothy Parker, Hendrik Willem van Loon, and Albert Payson Terhune in the 1930s; George Jean Nathan in 1935; J. R. R. Tolkien in a lecture, "English and Welsh", delivered in 1955 (in which he described his reverence for the Welsh language and about which he said "cellar doors [i.e. beautiful words] are extraordinarily frequent"; see also Sound and language in Middle-earth); and C. S. Lewis in 1963. Furthermore, the phenomenon itself is touched upon in many sources and media, including a 1905 issue of Harper's Magazine by William Dean Howells, the 1967 novel Why Are We in Vietnam? by Norman Mailer, a 1991 essay by Jacques Barzun, the 2001 psychological drama film Donnie Darko, and a scene in the 2019 movie Tolkien.

The origin of cellar door being considered as an inherently beautiful or musical phrase is mysterious. However, in 2014, Nunberg speculated that the phenomenon might have arisen from Philip Wingate and Henry W. Petrie's 1894 hit song "I Don't Want to Play in Your Yard", which contains the lyric "You'll be sorry when you see me sliding down our cellar door." Following the song's success, "slide down my cellar door" became a popular catchphrase up until the 1930s or 1940s to mean engaging in a type of friendship or camaraderie reminiscent of childhood innocence. A 1914 essay about Edgar Allan Poe's choice of the word "Nevermore" in his 1845 poem "The Raven" as being based on euphony may have spawned an unverified legend, propagated by syndicated columnists like Frank Colby in 1949 and L. M. Boyd in 1979, that cellar door was Poe's favorite phrase.

Tolkien, Lewis, and others have suggested that cellar door auditory beauty becomes more apparent the more the word is dissociated from its literal meaning, for example, by using alternative spellings such as Selador, Selladore, Celador, Selidor (an island name in Ursula K. LeGuin's Earthsea), or Salidar (Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time series,) which take on the quality of an enchanting name (and some of which suggest a specifically standard British pronunciation of the word: ), which is homophonous with "sell a daw."

title: Phonaesthetics


text:
User talk:Bajocbi

VfD
It appears that you altered other people's votes on the Votes for deletion/David Green (man of many talents) page, Please don't do that. --Calton | Talk 20:53, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Anna Stothard
Anna Stothard was a pretty borderline entry in following the links and googling. Can you prove notability a little better? Particularly whether her book proves her a novelist ahead of a (minor) socialite. If the latter I will place on VfD. Marskell 23:40, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bajocbi


text:
Nemko

Norges Elektriske Materiellkontroll (NEMKO) is a Norwegian private organization that supervises safety testing for electrical equipment manufacturing.

The Nemko Group offers testing, inspection and certification services concerning products, machinery, installations and systems worldwide.

History
The original NEMKO was established in 1933 as an institution for mandatory safety testing and national approval of electrical equipment marketed and sold in Norway for connection to the public utility network.

Later, testing of radio interference requirements became another part of the approval regime.

In 1990, as Norway entered into the European Economic Area agreement, European Community Directives for product safety were adopted, and the traditional mandatory approval scheme was abandoned. As this stage, NEMKO was transformed into an independent, self-owned foundation, having a council of representatives from different interest groups (industry and trade organizations, consumer associations, utility companies etc.) as the highest level of supervision. At the same time, the foundation established and became the sole owner of Nemko AS, which constitutes the central operating company and is responsible for what is today denoted the Nemko Group.

Since 1992, both the scope of services and the global presence of Nemko have been greatly expanded.

title: Nemko


text:
Talk:Quaker State 400 (Atlanta)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Page will need some cleanup. Vegaswikian (talk) 05:22, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Kobalt Tools 500 → Atlanta 500 — Since this race will no longer be run, the article should be moved to its most common name. In the fifty one years it was raced, it was called the Atlanta 500 for twenty one. The other race was historically called the Dixie 500, so there shouldn't be any confusion between the two. Khan_singh (talk) 00:25, 25 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Support - as a legacy title that seems the most appropriate. — Amakuru (talk) 06:09, 25 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Support there is another Kobalt Tools 500, that should be renamed to primary. 76.66.196.13 (talk) 07:48, 25 October 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:AdvoCare 500 which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:59, 17 July 2014 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Oral-B USA 500 which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:29, 6 August 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 25 March 2017

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. (non-admin closure).  Anarchyte  ( work  |  talk )   10:30, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

Atlanta 500 → Kobalt Tools 500 – Mondit (talk) 06:02, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:54, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Kobalt Tools 500 is a disambig page. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:54, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Ok. How about Kobalt Tools 500 (Atlanta)? Mondit (talk) 02:57, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. This race is no longer run, and was known as the Kobalt Tools 500 for only four of its 51 years of existence. The article should be located at Atlanta 500 as the most commonly used name. The passage of seven years since the last RM does not change the status quo one bit, and in fact makes it less likely that the final corporate name is the common name. Because the nominator did not give a reason for the move, I assume this is an attempt to overturn the previous RM, but there's simply no rationale at this time.  ONR  (talk) 03:43, 26 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Oppose use the most commonly used name. Lepricavark (talk) 13:42, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

External links modified
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Requested move 13 June 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move. The merge suggestion by HumanBodyPiloter5 seems eminently sensible, but really it must be done by someone familiar with the topic. I'm moving this out of the RM backlog, since a simple move could not resolve the mess. As a courtesy, I will slap the Merge templates at both pages pointing here. No such user (talk) 12:49, 8 July 2021 (UTC)

– It is nonsensical to consolidate race histories for non-Crown Jewel races by anything other than race date. Even if you want to consolidate by sponsor (which I am actively trying to move articles away from), the race known as "Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500" has always been a spring race and therefore should have it's history shared with the other spring Atlanta races. GhostOfDanGurney (talk) 22:28, 13 June 2021 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Quaker State 400 (Atlanta) → Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500
 * Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 → Quaker State 400 (Atlanta)
 * Merge to a single article called NASCAR Cup races at Atlanta Motor Speedway - No evidence from a WP:PAGEDECIDE perspective that the histories of the two different dates are independently notable. As the nominator said, neither of these are crown jewel races like the Daytona 500, and there's very obviously significant ambiguity as to which date's history belongs at which article, otherwise we wouldn't have this mess. Would also remove the issue of confusing and constantly changing sponsor names, such as one of the current ones which strongly implies the event takes place in Pennsylvania. HumanBodyPiloter5 (talk) 12:14, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Support merge sorry for just getting back to this now, but I agree completely with this proposal and think it's a better idea than my move request. GhostOfDanGurney (talk) 20:56, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Merge to NASCAR Cup races at Atlanta Motor Speedway per HumanBodyPiloter5.  Hansen Sebastian Talk 16:32, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

Yes but they need to stay sperate because it is two different dates. Lucthedog2 (talk) 11:24, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * "It is two different dates" is not a reason to separate the articles. At the moment the notion that these form distinct lineages is entirely WP:OR and if they do form distinct lineages it is completely unclear what races belong in what lineage. HumanBodyPiloter5 (talk) 10:46, 23 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quaker State 400 (Atlanta)


text:
Browary Lubelskie

Perła – Browary Lubelskie S.A. is a Polish brewery. Founded in 1844 in the abandoned ruins of a monastery, in 1846 it began brewing a Helles-style beer using bottom fermenting technology. A second brewery opened in 1914.

Both breweries were nationalized by the post-war Polish People's Republic. In 1992, the company was privatized and became a joint stock company. In 2001, the brewing operations were moved to the second site and the first site became a corporate headquarters. In 2014, the company renamed itself to Perła – Browary Lubelskie S.A (Perla – Lublin Breweries).

Perła currently owns two breweries, one in Lublin and one in Zwierzyniec. It is available in UK, US, Germany and Australia and is the largest independent brewery in Poland.

Perla (Pils 5% ABV) was awarded a Bronze Medal at the International Beer Challenge BC 2010 awards in the UK.

Beers

 * Perła Chmielowa (the main brand)
 * Perła Niepasteryzowana
 * Perła Export
 * Perła Mocna
 * Perła Porter Bałtycki
 * Zwierzyniec
 * Goolman
 * Goolman Strong
 * Goolman Gold
 * Carmèll

Marketing
The bottles are typically green with a label that prominently features the green-and-red coat of arms of Lublin that features a white buck.

The buck is locally called "Claudy", and the story is that he was caught in a vine of hops and fell in a pond, creating the famous pilsner.

title: Browary Lubelskie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ernst Tugendhat

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Ernst Tugendhat
Very short article with no references, near speedy but not quite. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 20:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, and expand. "Ernst Tugendhat" "Martin Heidegger" gets 278 unique Google hits, which would not normally be enough for me. However, he has lots of books at Amazon (the link won't work after copy-paste, so check the search yourselves), which I think is enough for the WP:PROF test. However, the titles I can only guesstimate as being in the same field and thus by the same author: I could be wrong. -Splash 21:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I added some bits of information I could find (but it is just first shot). Someone should translate German Wiki article. Pavel Vozenilek 01:05, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not someone I know anything about, but he definitely exists, is a well-known philosopher, and has published pretty widely.  "Ernst Tugenhat" gets 7,570 raw hits from Google, incidentally.  I've expanded the article a little, and have started work on the bibliography. --Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:37, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Figure is notable within his field, article meets criteria for inclusion.  Hall Monitor 17:38, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User:Iicatsii

title: User:Iicatsii