text:
User talk:Roche-Kerr

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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US political party questions
Hello Nick! I responded to your questions about the Minnesota DFL Party on my talk page. EdwinHJ | Talk 21:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wrote a response to your additional questions on my talk page. EdwinHJ | Talk 15:33, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

US Citizenship
Hi Nick I'm curious about your comment "As a previous dual national, I chose to retain British citizenship in favour of US citizenship. By doing so I've lost the right to be a US citizen and the ability to reside in the US without immigration status, but I could apply to be a US resident, if I wanted to be."

The US does not require this for dual nationals, nor does the UK. Did you formally sign away your US citizenship at the US Embassy? JAJ 17:00, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Having been born in the US, I decided to give up citizenship based on the fact that I was required to file for US taxes and was told I could not serve in HM Forces (which is a violation of US citizenship, as I was not required to serve). Similarly, since I live in the UK and have no intention of residing in the US, I thought it was somewhat pointless retaining two citizenships. However, as I do not hold a US passport, and have served in a 'foreign armed forces', I do not qualify for US citizenship automatically, so no declaration at an embassy was required. Nick Kerr 17:10, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

 * If you were born in the US, you are automatically a US citizen and have been one since birth. It doesn't matter that you don't have a US passport; the mere fact of being born in the US (unless your parents were in the country as foreign diplomats) makes you a citizen.  Also, whoever told you you could not keep your US citizenship and also serve in the British military was misinformed (at least according to the State Dept.'s interpretation since 1990).  You are certainly free to give up your US citizenship if that is what you really want to do, but unless you have made your wishes explicitly known to officials at a US consulate or embassy, and unless you have been issued a formal certificate from US consular officials confirming your loss of US nationality, you are in fact still a US citizen as far as US law is concerned. Richwales 03:52, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * And this is where US and international law tends to deviate. I could not care less what US law says, as I live outside US borders and do not see how a neo-imperialist attitude makes much sense. Citizenship requires, at least in the UK, some way of proving nationality, which I do not possess (for the US), whereas I can readily prove I'm a British Citizen. So archaic laws can do as they please, but I do not recognise the validity of US law in such matters. The sheer idea of a 'Certificate of Loss of Citizenship' is absolute nonsense. As for military service, the US may, once again, 'require' whatever it wishes, but the UK does not allow dual nationals to serve in certain occupations (such as the Submarine Service) and non-Commonwealth dual nationals may not serve in HM Forces (thus, a US citizen who is also an Australian Citizen may not serve in the British Army, while a dual New Zealand-Australian may). I am aware that the US views its law as paramount and all-binding, but I simply do not see what point there is playing games with an archaic system. 'Proving' that one does not wish to be a citizen is wasteful, it's rather self-evident by ones desire to hold another passport, and while I do not personally support dual nationality, I do not consider it necessary to go around pampering to the fools who run a government that is so 'proud' of itself. Nick Kerr 09:21, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep in mind that each country in this world makes its own laws regarding who its citizens are, generally without regard to the citizenship laws or policies of any other country. This isn't just a US thing; other countries (including the UK) take the same sort of attitude.  For example, if a citizen of the UK becomes a naturalized US citizen, he/she has to take an oath of allegiance to the US that includes a blanket renunciation of all prior allegiances; however, this oath has no legal force under British law, and as far as the UK is concerned, such a person is still a citizen of the UK, no matter what he/she (or the US government) may think.

 * Does your British passport indicate your birthplace? If so, then you're likely to run into snags if you ever travel to the US (even as a tourist), because a US birthplace will be interpreted by US immigration officials as evidence that you are a US citizen, and you'll be hassled mercilessly for not having a US passport (as is required under US law for any US citizen entering the US, irrespective of any other citizenships or passports one may have).  In fact, an astute airline ticket agent who happens to notice that your British passport shows you were born in the US might even refuse to allow you to board a US-bound flight without either a US passport or some sort of hard evidence that you are not, in fact, a US citizen.

 * Exercising another citizenship, or holding another country's passport, is not necessarily considered a self-evident indication that one is rejecting other citizenships. Again, the US isn't the only country with such an attitude; the UK has no objection (in general) to dual UK/other citizenship and does not interpret foreign naturalisation, owning a non-UK passport, etc. as having any implications whatsoever regarding one's British citizenship. Richwales 16:44, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Having travelled to the US on holiday numerous times, I've never had any trouble. As a British passport does not state country or province of birth (only town name) this isn't really an issue. As for UK law, no, the UK does not recognise a US renunciation oath, but the UK also does not 'require' that someone born within its borders travels on a British passport. Similarly, the UK does not attempt to tax someone on world-wide income nor does it assume one is a citizen without possession of some form of documentation proving it. All person born to British parents abroad are technically British citizens, yet the UK does not go around claiming that they must enter the country nor go around claiming they are citizens. Citizenship is a right, not a requirement, and if someone chooses to relinguish that right, it is not under US statute or British statute they do this, but through choice. The US can lesiglate as it pleases in this matter, but it's dreadfully boring. While the US may make whatever citizenship legislation it wishes, I fail to see why anyone who does not live in the US or want to should ever really care, especially as I'm not fond of the country as a holiday spot as well. Nick Kerr 17:01, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

German mercenaries
Hi:) I dont think one can do a merge off ones bat so you'd have to write a German mercenaries page and then go through the procedure described here Jameswilson 02:09, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

CVF "discussion"
Cheers! It was extraordinary, I love the way people like that make up their own reality and then present it as fact (e.g. France building 5 nuclear carriers and Britian building no carriers at all!) I love the last comment by Douglasnicol "I don't think I want to know what our EU propaganda minister has been smoking". Regards Mark83 21:31, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

UK Coal Renewable energy
I usually only use Wikipedia rather than contribute, however I noted a couple of errors on you UK Coal contribution. I have corrected it a couple of times.

The UK ETS has been operating for 5 years. Methane is considered as an applicable green house gas within this scheme and UK Coal have mitigated considerable tonnages of CO2eq over this period using coal mine methane utilization and flaring. The UK ETS finishes shortly.

The new EU ETS does not include for methane within it unfortunately (phases 1&2), however it is likely that in the 2012 phase methane will be included. Only one UK mine is currently included in the EU ETS and UK Coal does not own it.

Coal Mine Methane qualifies for Climate Change Levy (CCL)Exemption, but does not qualify for Renewable Obligations Certificates (ROCs). The only country I am aware of in europe that gets their own equivalent of ROCs is Germany.

Butlen 16:15, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely fine, as I'm not a specialist on the EU ETS. The main thing was the wording for a while, which is fine now, and I've just gone over UK Coal's website to check for any further details (which is covered in your changes). Sorry for any inconvenience =) Roche-Kerr 10:21, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Image:Viper mark 7s.jpg
Hello Roche-Kerr, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:Viper mark 7s.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Roche-Kerr. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not re-add the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Please note that it is possible that the image on your page is included vie a template or usebox. In that case, please find a free image for the template or userbox. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 06:25, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

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London Meetup - January 12, 2008
Hi! There's going to be a London Wikipedia Meetup coming Saturday January 12, 2008. If you are interested in coming along take part in the discussion over at Meetup/London7. The discussion is going on until tomorrow evening and the official location and time will be published at the same page late Thursday or early Friday. Hope to see you Saturday, Poeloq (talk) 03:25, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Roche-Kerr! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:53, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Richard Tomkins -

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of IPOD generation

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title: User talk:Roche-Kerr


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hainan Island incident

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge and redirect to U.S.-China Spy Plane Incident. – Rich Farmbrough 17:47, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Hainan Island incident
Article exists as U.S.-China Spy Plane Incident. Monkeyman 00:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. You don't need a VfD for that -- be WP:BOLD. Pburka 00:54, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If Monkeyman closes the VFD, I can go ahead and merge and redirect for him. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 05:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Removed VfD. Merge/Redirect pending per Zscout370.  Thanks.   [[Image:Monkeyman.png]]Monkeyman 14:31, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It has been merged. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 17:33, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User talk:Belril

Welcome from Redwolf24
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Thanks
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Thanks and Happy New Year
Firstly, let me wish you a very happy New Year and thank you for all your help in the Milhist Tag & Assess 2007 drive.

Secondly, although the Tag & Assess 2007 drive is now officially closed, you are very welcome to continue tagging and assessing until 31 January 2008. Any articles you tag and assess during this time will be credited fully to your tagging tally for further award purposes.

Thirdly, if you can find the time, it would be great to have your feedback/comments and participation in the recently-set-up Tag & Assess workshop The idea is to see what lessons we can learn from the 2007 drive to make the 2008 one more efficient and enjoyable.

Thanks again for your help, -- R OGER D AVIES  talk 10:33, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

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News! Tag & Assess 2008 is coming ...
Milhist's new drive – Tag & Assess 2008 – goes live on April 25 and you are cordially invited to participate. This time, the task is housekeeping. As ever, there are awards galore, plus there's a bit of friendly competition built-in, with a race for bronze, silver and gold wikis! You can sign up, in advance, here. I look forward to seeing you on the drive page! All the best, -- R OGER D AVIES  talk 10:59, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

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Thank you
Thank you very much indeed for your help with and commitment to Tag & Assess 2008. May I please trouble you to comment at the post-drive workshop? Your feedback will help us to improve the next drive. Thanks in advance, -- R OGER D AVIES  talk 10:12, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

The Military history WikiProject Newsletter : Issue XXIX (July 2008)
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Nominations for the Military history WikiProject coordinator election
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The Military history WikiProject Newsletter : Issue XXX (August 2008)
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Military history WikiProject coordinator election
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The Military history WikiProject Newsletter : Issue XXXI (September 2008)
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The Bugle: Issue LVI, October 2010
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The Bugle: Volume LVIX, January 2011
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Military Historian of the Year
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The Military history WikiProject has started its 2012 project coordinator election process, where we will select a team of coordinators to organize the project over the coming year. If you would like to be considered as a candidate, please submit your nomination by 14 September. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact one of the current coordinators on their talk page. This message was delivered here because you are a member of the Military history WikiProject. – Military history coordinators (about the project • what coordinators do) 08:40, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

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WikiProject Military history coordinator election
Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 29 September. Yours, Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 05:21, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

User group for Military Historians
Greetings,

"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

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April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive and create a worklist at WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:27, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive and create a worklist at WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:08, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Belril


text:
Gascozark, Missouri

Gascozark is an unincorporated community in western Pulaski County, Missouri, United States. The town site is on Missouri Supplemental Route AB (formerly U.S. Highway 66).

The community's name is a portmanteau of the Gasconade River, west of the location and Ozarks, the surrounding area.

title: Gascozark, Missouri


text:
Eliot V. Elliott

Eliot Valens Elliott, also known as Vic Elliott, (12 September 1902 – 26 November 1984) was a trade union leader of the Seamen's Union of Australia (SUA) from 1941 to 1978.

Biography
Born in Huntly, New Zealand, Elliott left school at the age of 15, briefly worked on the New Zealand railways, before becoming a merchant seaman and travelling the world.

During the 1920s, Elliott moved to Australia to live and work as a seafarer. He was a shipboard delegate during the Seamen's Strike of 1925, which severely disrupted trade between Britain, South Africa and Australasia. By 1935 Elliott had become recognised as a leader of Australian seamen and was prominent in a bitter strike against an unsatisfactory Award and poor working conditions that lasted from December 1935 to February 1936. The strike failed with the union left divided and crippled. Recognised by his peers as a skilled and militant trade unionist, he was elected leader of the Queensland Branch of the Seamen's Union of Australia (SUA) in 1936 and also joined the Communist Party of Australia that year. In 1941, he was elected Federal Secretary of the union, a position he was to hold continually until his retirement in 1978.

Under Elliot's leadership, the SUA contributed significantly to the war effort during World War II, and over the years, the harsh and dangerous working conditions of rank and file Australian seamen greatly improved. Elliott adopted a policy of as much face-to-face contact with the rank and file as possible and established a journal, The Seamen's Voice, which allowed for significant debate and contributions from members and emphasised the importance of unity, solidarity and internationalism among seamen and maritime workers.

Postwar
In recognition of his organisational capabilities, in 1949, he was elected vice president of the Seamen's and Dockers Trade Department of the World Federation of Trade Unions, with Australian-born American longshoreman Harry Bridges elected president.

Elliott supported the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and he was a founding member of the Socialist Party of Australia in 1971. While many labelled him a Stalinist, he was a dynamic leader of the Seamen's Union, who used every opportunity to advance the interests of his members including strong advocacy for the Australian merchant fleet.

With the advancement of shipbuilding in the 1960s and containerisation, Elliott and the union's policy making body, the National Committee of Management (COM), met over four days in June 1968 and hammered out a historic document formulating the union's attitude to technological change on the basis of social progress that was subsequently unanimously adopted at meetings of seamen around Australia. Over the next 20 years, a substantial amount of this policy of fundamental improvement of working conditions was achieved. Elliott said in 1968 that seamen had "to take advantage of technological developments" and that "the future belongs to us if we learn how to grasp and hold it". He explained, "We believe men are more important than machines and new ships."

The Seamens' Union of Australia, which amalgamated with the Waterside Workers Federation in 1993 to form the Maritime Union of Australia, was also renowned in the Australian labour movement for its involvement nationally and internationally in political issues like the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa and in protests against the Vietnam War, motivated by the necessity of social progress in work and society on a national and international scale.

Some of the ashes of Elliott were scattered on the sea south east of Sydney Heads at a mariner's funeral service held on the morning of 12 April 1985.

title: Eliot V. Elliott


text:
Pietro Consagra

Pietro Consagra (6 October 1920 – 16 July 2005) was an Italian sculptor. In 1947 he was among the founding members of the Forma 1 group of artists, who advocated both Marxism and structured abstraction.

Life
Consagra was born on 6 October 1920 in Mazara del Vallo, in the province of Trapani in south-western Sicily, to Luigi Consagra and Maria Lentini. From 1931 he enrolled in a trade school for sailors, studying first to become a mechanic, and later to become a captain. In 1938 he moved to Palermo, where he enrolled in the liceo artistico; despite an attack of tuberculosis, he graduated in 1941, and in the same year signed up at the Accademia di Belle Arti, where he studied sculpture under Archimede Campini. After the Invasion of Sicily and the Allied occupation of Palermo in 1943, Consagra found work as a caricaturist for the American Red Cross club of the city; he also joined the Italian Communist Party. Early in 1944, armed with a letter of introduction from an American officer, he travelled to Rome. There he came into contact with the Sicilian artist Concetto Maugeri, and through him with Renato Guttuso, who was also Sicilian and who introduced him to the intellectual life of the city and to other artists such as Leoncillo Leonardi, Mario Mafai and Giulio Turcato. Consagra signed up at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma in September 1944 and studied sculpture there under Michele Guerrisi, but left before completing his diploma.

Work
In 1947, with Carla Accardi, Ugo Attardi, Piero Dorazio, Mino Guerrini, Achille Perilli, Antonio Sanfilippo and Giulio Turcato, Consagra started the artist's group Forma 1, which advocated both Marxism and structured abstraction.

Steadily Consagra's work began to find an audience. Working primarily in metal, and later in marble and wood, his thin, roughly carved reliefs, began to be collected by Peggy Guggenheim and other important patrons of the arts. He showed at the Venice Biennale eleven times between 1950 and 1993, and in 1960 won the sculpture prize at the exhibition.

During the 1960s he was associated with the Continuità group, an offshoot of Forma I, and in 1967 taught at the School of Arts in Minneapolis. Large commissions allowed him to begin working on a more monumental scale, and works of his were installed in the courtyard of the Foreign Ministry in Rome and in the European Parliament, Strasbourg. His work is found in the collections of The Tate Gallery, London, in Museo Cantonale d'Arte of Lugano and the Museum of Modern Art, Paris, and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C..

Consagra returned to Sicily where he sculpted a number of significant works during the 1980s. With Senator Ludovico Corrao, he helped created an open-air museum in the new town of Gibellina, after the older town had been destroyed in the earthquake of 1968. Consagra designed the gates to the town's entrance, the building named "Meeting" and the gates to the cemetery, where he was later buried.

Writings
In 1952 Consagra published La necessità della scultura ("the need for sculpture"), a response to the essay La scultura lingua morta ("sculpture, a dead language"), published in 1945 by Arturo Martini. Other works include L'agguato c'è ("the snare exists", 1960), and La città frontale ("the frontal city", 1969). His autobiography, Vita Mia, was published by Feltrinelli in 1980.

Reception
In 1989 a substantial retrospective exhibition of work by Consagra was shown at the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome; in 1993 a permanent exhibition of his work was installed there. In 1991 his work was shown in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. In 2002 the Galerie der Stadt Stuttgart opened a permanent exhibition of his work.

title: Pietro Consagra


text:
Sayuri Oyamada

Sayuri Oyamada (小山田 サユリ) is an actor and model. Oyamada began her career in Japan. She is currently based in New York City and Tokyo.

Life and career
Sayuri Oyamada was born in Niigata, Japan. She made her acting debut in 2000, acting for director Junko Wada in Body Drop Asphalt, accruing widespread acclaim in Japan and globally. In 2010, Oyamada ventured to New York to expand her international career having been selected by the Ministry of Culture to represent the Japanese entertainment community in an elite cultural exchange program. In the last several years, Oyamada has spent her time between Tokyo, Los Angeles, and New York. She is currently based in New York and Tokyo.

Oyamada's professional work includes critically acclaimed films produced in Japan and internationally, including leads in Bright Future (2003), Seventh Anniversary (2003) Miracle Banana (2005) (Haiti), Suki Da (2006), Watashi Dasuwa (2009), Insect Detective Yoshimi Yoshida (2010). In 2016, Oyamada played the leading role of Aya in While the Women Are Sleeping (女が眠る時) directed by Wayne Wang  and also starring Takeshi Kitano, Hidetoshi Nishijima, and Shiori Kutsuna premiered at the 66th Annual Berlin International Film Festival.

Oyamada's newest trilogy of theatrical projects includes leading roles in Bashira directed by Academy Award winner Nickson Fong, a short directed by Govind Rae, and a supporting role in the Japanese feature, Lady in White directed by Yuki Otsuka. All three were due for release in 2019.

Oyamada's Japan-based commercial work includes Bridgestones "Good Winter" television campaign and work for brands such as Docomo, Sony, Lion and others. She has been featured in commercials in the United States for such brands as Cadillac, Shiseido feat. Lady Gaga, Apple Watch, IBM Think, Audible (Amazon), and Keurig.

title: Sayuri Oyamada


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/General purpose registers

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. This has been done. Joyous (talk) 00:54, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

General purpose registers
General purpose registers are adequately described (described better, in fact) in the Proccesor Register article. P0per 00:45, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Processor register. No VfD is required. Be WP:BOLD. Pburka 00:56, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep -- It is likely that people might search for this phrase in an encyclopedia. If the Processor Register article does not describe General Purpose Registers and their conventions thoroughly, then the topic would merit its own article. I believe the description in the Processor Register article is not as informative as the current article on the topic.   Otherwise, make it a redirect, but not without merging the information into the other article. --Mysidia 01:01, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the information in the article is incorrect and misleading. The Processor register article is more accurate. Pburka 01:14, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The article on Processor registers misses a point that such registers may be used freely, i.e. the programmer can store data there. The distinction that makes a register general purpose or not is not specifically that it can store both values and addresses.  If there is an inaccuracy, then it should be fixed, but having errors does not merit deletion. --Mysidia 01:26, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This is not an accurate definition of GPRs either, I don't believe: firstly, it is not the GPRs only that can be used "freely", secondly, the distinction between the kinds of registers as listed in Processor register (GPR vs FPR vs IR, etc.) truly is as described. Processor register is used as a general term referring to all kinds of registers  so it seems that a more elaborate description of GPRs (e.g. of a size of this article) belongs in Processor register.  I would agree that as a  term, General purpose register (GPR) in some systems and in modern architectures is used more generically. As GPRs receive wider usage, the GPR topic may evolve. But then, it could be "sub-articled" later, right?  So at this point I vote Merge and redirect to Processor register. --  Introvert   talk  02:00, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect only to Processor register. If someone searches, someone finds, but someone finds better information. Geogre 03:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect; agree with Geogre james gibbon  12:30, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect: if there is more to say it can fit in in Processor register, but the current article doesn't add anything that needs keeping. Hv 12:36, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
.test

.test is a reserved top-level domain intended for usage in software testing. It is guaranteed to never be registered into the Internet.

Along with .test, there are 11 other reserved test domains: .测试, .परीक्षा, .испытание, .테스트, .טעסט, .測試, .آزمایشی, .பரிட்சை, .δοκιμή, .إختبار, and .テスト.

Reserved DNS names
In June 1999, the Internet Engineering Task Force reserved the DNS labels .example, .invalid, .localhost, and .test so that they may not be installed into the root zone of the Domain Name System.

These top-level domain names were reserved to reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion. This allows their usage for either documentation purposes or in local testing scenarios. IANA.org states "Domains which are described as registered to IANA or ICANN on policy grounds are not available for registration or transfer, with the exception of .info domains. These domains are available for release by the ICANN Governmental Advisory Committee Secretariat."

title: .test


text:
Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)

Sabrina the Teenage Witch is an American television sitcom created by Nell Scovell, based on the Archie Comics series of the same name. It premiered on September 27, 1996, on ABC to over 17 million viewers in its "T.G.I.F." lineup.

It stars Melissa Joan Hart as American teenager Sabrina Spellman, who, on her 16th birthday, learns she has magical powers (a departure from the Archie Comics series, in which she has known of her powers since an early age). She lives with her 600-year-old aunts, witches Hilda (played by Caroline Rhea) and Zelda (played by Beth Broderick), and their magical talking cat Salem (voiced by Nick Bakay), at 133 Collins Road in the fictional town of Westbridge, Massachusetts in the Greater Boston area.

The series aired on ABC for its first four seasons, with the final episode on the network on May 5, 2000. The final three seasons ran on The WB from September 22, 2000, to April 24, 2003.

Premise
Sabrina the Teenage Witch chronicles the adventures of Sabrina Spellman (played by Melissa Joan Hart), a girl who discovers on her 16th birthday that she is a witch. As a novice witch, her spells often go awry. Her witch aunts Hilda and Zelda Spellman (played by Caroline Rhea and Beth Broderick, respectively) counsel her on the proper use of her magic and give her moral advice. Sabrina lives with Hilda and Zelda until she leaves for college at the beginning of season 5. Additionally, Hilda and Zelda must take care of Salem Saberhagen (voiced by Nick Bakay), a witch turned into a cat for trying to take over the world.

The show includes contemporary pop cultural references, but also features fictional history (often explained as secrets hidden from mortals by witches) and science fiction elements. Story plots are often episodic, but some seasons feature running arcs, such as Sabrina's quest to find the Spellman family secret in season 3. Sabrina's basic premise and "genial loopiness" earned the show comparisons to the 1960s television series Bewitched. The show spanned seven years over seven seasons, though each season was not a year.

Cast and characters

 * Melissa Joan Hart as Sabrina Spellman, a teenager who discovers on her sixteenth birthday that she is a witch and comes from a long line of witches. As she struggles to master her magic, she often wreaks havoc on those around her. Sabrina moved into her college's dormitories at the beginning of the fifth season and then back into her aunts' house in the seventh season after they left for the Other Realm.
 * Caroline Rhea as Hilda Spellman (seasons 1–6, guest season 7), one of the Spellman sisters. Hilda is the less rational and the more impulsive one. After giving up violin in the fourth season (she destroyed her violin with dynamite), Hilda purchased a clock shop. Later, after Sabrina moved out of the house, she purchased Bean There, Brewed That, the coffee shop where Sabrina worked, and renamed it Hilda's Coffee House. After her marriage at the end of the sixth season, she moved away with her husband. Hilda returned for the series finale. Her middle name, 'Sucker', is revealed in season 6, although her middle name was Antoinette in season 2. In the second episode of season 4, Hilda states that she is 620 years old. However, in episode 12 of season 5 Sabrina mentions she's about to celebrate her 650th birthday.
 * Beth Broderick as Zelda Spellman (seasons 1–6), Sabrina's aunt and Hilda's older sister. Zelda, a scientist and college professor, is the more rational of the two Spellman sisters and is often the voice of reason when Hilda or Sabrina uses magic irresponsibly. At the end of the sixth season, she gives up her maturity in order for Sabrina to be changed back to flesh and blood after being turned into stone when she lost her true loves. At the beginning of season 7, Sabrina advises a now-child Zelda to leave for the other realm with a newly married Hilda, ensuring her that she is okay to live on her own. Zelda makes an appearance as a candle in the last episode to allow Sabrina's mother to attend Sabrina's wedding. In episode 6 of season 6, Hilda states that Zelda is 658 years old.
 * Nick Bakay as the voice of Salem Saberhagen, a 500-year-old witch who was sentenced to live 100 years as a talking, black American Shorthair cat for plotting to take over the world. Besides Sabrina herself, he is the only character to remain for all seven seasons, appearing in every episode alongside her.
 * Nate Richert as Harvey Kinkle (seasons 1–4 and 6 & 7, cameos in season 5), Sabrina's boyfriend in the first four seasons. He breaks up with her between seasons 4 and 5, when he finds out she is a witch. He later dates Morgan, Sabrina's college roommate, before he and Sabrina reconnect romantically in the series finale.
 * Jenna Leigh Green as Libby Chessler (seasons 1–3), Sabrina's arch-enemy while at high school. Libby is a spoiled rich girl and is often at the other end of Sabrina's spells as she learns to use them, leading Libby to often call Sabrina a "Freak" or "Freakster". Libby, a cheerleader, is seen to fancy Sabrina's love interest, Harvey, and makes many attempts to ask him out. Libby was sent to boarding school following the end of season 3.
 * Michelle Beaudoin as Jenny Kelley (season 1), Sabrina's best friend in the first season. Jenny befriends Sabrina on her first day, and also introduces Sabrina to Harvey. Jenny is a self-described outsider who sees much pretense in the way life works at Westbridge High School. Jenny is absent from the second season onward, and is never mentioned again.
 * Paul Feig as Mr. Eugene Pool (season 1), who teaches biology to Sabrina and her classmates. He is sometimes bitter and sarcastic, but always involved and usually lively. Mr. Pool is not mentioned after season 1.
 * Lindsay Sloane as Valerie Birkhead (seasons 2 & 3), Sabrina's best friend in those two seasons. Valerie initially comes across as anxious, but her self-esteem improves over the course of her time on the show. Valerie discovers that Sabrina is a witch after Sabrina is allowed to tell her and Harvey; they're both supportive before they have their memories magically reset. Valerie left to move to Alaska with her parents at the start of season 4.
 * Martin Mull as Willard Kraft (seasons 2–4), the vice principal, and later principal, of Westbridge High, Sabrina's high school. Mr. Kraft is overbearing and petty, and he shares Libby's personal disdain for Sabrina. Complicating things, he is also the on/off boyfriend of both Hilda and Zelda. Mr. Kraft left the series after Sabrina graduated from high school at the end of season 4.
 * Alimi Ballard as Quizmaster (season 2), real name Albert, Sabrina's magic tutor. His role is to teach her how to use her magic properly and acquire her witch's license. As Sabrina gained her license in the first episode of season 3, the character's last appearance was in the last episode of season 2.
 * David Lascher as Josh Blackhart (seasons 4–6), Sabrina's college-age supervisor in the coffee shop and, later, her love interest. Josh struggles with his career throughout his first two seasons, eventually deciding he wants to be a photographer. He abruptly leaves to take a job in Prague after Sabrina gives up her love life to save Hilda's life at the end of season 6.
 * Jon Huertas as Brad Alcerro (season 4), the new kid in school, but used to attend Westbridge High, before Sabrina went to that school. Brad has a "witch hunter gene", but doesn't know it. This makes him instinctively distrustful of, and dangerous to, both Sabrina and Dreama. Sabrina tries to stay away from him, but every time she is in school and uses magic, Brad always sees it. In the episode "Dreama, the Mouse", Dreama makes a water fountain appear, Brad sees and says "You know, sometimes I think you're a real witch" and then Dreama turns into a mouse. In that same episode Brad loses his witch hunter gene through an operation. He doesn't return after Sabrina starts college in season 5.
 * China Shavers as Dreama (season 4), another new kid in school. Dreama is a witch who causes a lot of trouble because she uses magic. Sabrina is later assigned to be her mentor and has to teach Dreama how to control her magic. She is not mentioned after season 4, and we don't know if she passed her test to get her witch's license.
 * Soleil Moon Frye as Roxie King (seasons 5–7), Sabrina's mortal roommate during her college years and remains a very close friend to her after their graduation. An activist with a very cynical humor, her opinion often clashes with Sabrina's more upbeat attitude towards life. Later, both seem to have an effect on each other, as Roxie grows to be much more honest and compassionate, while Sabrina matures and becomes more socially conscious.
 * Elisa Donovan as Morgan Cavanaugh (seasons 5–7), Sabrina's third and final housemate, as well as her tutor, during her college years. Morgan is a talented fashion designer and a very good friend, but can also be shallow and even mischievous at times. She's the only known character who dated both of Sabrina's long term romantic interests (Harvey and Josh) as well as expressed interest in her fiancé, Aaron.
 * Trevor Lissauer as Miles Goodman (seasons 5 & 6), Sabrina's housemate during her college years though, unlike Roxie and Morgan, he's never seen nor mentioned after the graduation. Miles is a goodhearted, but nerdy boy obsessed with all things supernatural. Miles often comes close to discovering Sabrina's secret. Throughout the series, he develops a crush on Zelda, and is hinted to harbor similar feelings for Sabrina and Roxie.

History and production
The unofficial pilot of the series was the April 1996 television movie Sabrina the Teenage Witch. The movie, produced by Viacom and Hartbreak Films and aired on Showtime, starred Melissa Joan Hart as the title character, Sabrina Sawyer, and Charlene Fernetz and Sherry Miller as Sabrina's aunts Zelda and Hilda, respectively. When the television series debuted on ABC later that year, Hart became Sabrina Spellman, and Beth Broderick and Caroline Rhea replaced Fernetz and Miller as Zelda and Hilda Spellman, respectively. In 2000, the show was dropped by ABC and picked up by The WB. When viewership began to wane, the show was canceled after seven seasons.

The television series was produced by Hartbreak Films and Viacom Productions, with Finishing the Hat Productions involved for the first season only.

Opening sequence
The opening titles of the first three seasons show Sabrina in front of a mirror posing with four different costumes and outfits as the cast members' names quickly flash on the bottom of the screen. The first three outfits are always the same, but the fourth one changes from episode to episode. At the end, Sabrina would say something related to the last costume (often a pun or a joke related to the costume or the content of the episode), and then magically disappear from head on down.

The opening sequence was changed for the fourth season, featuring a completely new theme and the show's main characters, starting with Sabrina, floating in bubbles while their names are displayed in gold letters and a voice chants "Secret" in the background.

The opening credits for the final three seasons are accompanied by a new vocal theme song and feature Sabrina at various locations around Boston: Harvard Bridge, Boston Common, Union Oyster House, Massachusetts State House, Quincy Market, Newbury Street, Harvard University, Tufts University and Beacon Hill. In the credits for Seasons 5 and 6, after leaving Newbury Comics on Newbury Street, Sabrina walks down a flight of stairs and computer graphics morph Sabrina into her room, lying on her bed next to Salem. In the seventh and final season, the computer graphics morph Sabrina arriving at Scorch. Upon pushing the door open, she is revealed to be walking into her house to greet Roxie, Morgan and Salem.

The house pictured as the Spellman residence is a Victorian mansion located at 64 E. Main St. in Freehold, New Jersey. The exteriors for Westbridge High School are those of Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood, New Jersey.

Departures
The show went through many cast changes, the first of which involved the unexplained departure of Sabrina's best friend Jenny Kelly (Michelle Beaudoin) and her teacher Mr. Pool (Paul Feig) at the end of the first season.

At the beginning of the fourth season, Valerie permanently departs the show along with Libby. Valerie's character moves away to Alaska with her family, while Libby transfers to a boarding school.

After the fourth season, several secondary actors left the show, including Martin Mull and Nate Richert, who played Sabrina's boyfriend Harvey since the first season. Harvey's character was dropped in order to give the show a different look as Sabrina was about to attend college. The decision was later rescinded, and Richert appeared in three episodes of Season 5 and then returned as a series regular in Seasons 6 and 7.

After the sixth season, Caroline Rhea and Beth Broderick, who had portrayed Sabrina's aunts since the show's premiere, decided to leave the show. When the character of Sabrina started to attend college, the role of her aunts became less important. Broderick felt that the role of Zelda had nothing more to offer, while Rhea landed her own syndicated talk show, The Caroline Rhea Show. The aunts left for The Other Realm but returned in the series finale.

Trevor Lissauer, who played Sabrina's housemate Miles, left the show after appearing in Seasons 5 and 6. Producers felt that his character was not well received by fans and also had to make some budget cuts for the show's seventh and final season. Miles was never properly written out, leaving his fate undetermined.

Sabrina's love interest Josh, played by David Lascher, left for Prague after appearing from Seasons 4 through 6; Lascher reportedly wanted to pursue other projects. To fill the void, the producers brought in Aaron, played by Dylan Neal, as Sabrina's love interest in the show's final season.

Broadcast and release
In 2000, The WB network picked up the series after ABC canceled it.

United States syndication
The show was syndicated by Paramount Domestic Television for reruns on local stations, including Tribune-owned WB affiliates.

Reruns have aired on ABC Family, Nickelodeon/Nick at Nite, Noggin (as part of its teen block The N), TeenNick, MTV2, Hub Network, Logo TV, Antenna TV and Fuse. It currently airs on Rewind TV and is available to stream on Hulu, The Roku Channel, Amazon Prime Video, Pluto TV and Paramount+.

International syndication
In the United Kingdom, Sabrina previously aired on ITV and Nickelodeon, while it later began airing on Pop Girl, a free-to-air children's channel. The series was slightly edited for content on UK children's channels. In July 2012, which previously broadcast the first two seasons and the two subsequent movies before shutting down in October 2015. It has aired on 4Music since 2019, and previously on The Vault since 2014 until its subsequent rebrand as Trace Vault. In October 2021, the entire series became available to stream on Amazon Prime Video, but was removed at the end of September 2022.

The show can be seen in the Republic of Ireland on RTÉ2 weekdays at 5:10 p.m. as part of the youth-oriented show TRTÉ.

In Italy, the show aired on Italia 1 under the name Sabrina, vita da strega (Sabrina, life as a witch) from September 3, 1998 until May 28, 2004.

In Australia, the show aired on Eleven, the free-to-air channel owned by Network Ten (upon which repeats of Sabrina had previously aired) at 6:00 p.m. and until December 6, 2013, with repeats at 12:30 a.m., seven days a week. It originally aired in Australia on the Seven Network during its first run.

In Canada, the show is available on Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access) since the 2021 international launch and rebranding of the service.

In Russia, the first show of the series took place on the TV channel "Russia" on November 8, 2003, where it was originally broadcast until January 31, 2004 under the name "Academy of Witchcraft" and the first season was shown. Later, all seven seasons were shown in the period 2004-2006 on the STS channel (premiered on March 9, 2004).

Home media
In 2007, CBS Home Entertainment (through Paramount Home Entertainment) released seasons 1–3 on DVD. CBS later released seasons 4–7 on DVD. The official copyright holder for the series (as with all series originally produced by Viacom Productions) is CBS Studios Productions, LLC. For this home video release, music has been changed and many episodes are edited. Some musical performances were cut due to music licensing.

On July 27, 2010, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: The Complete Series Pack—which included an individual DVD set for each of the seven seasons, totaling 24 discs—was released from the United States by Paramount for Region 1. On February 16, 2016, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: The Complete Series 24-disc DVD set was released from the United States by Paramount Pictures for Region 1, as well. On August 15 of the same year, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: The Complete Enchanted Series 24-disc DVD box set was released from the United Kingdom by Universal Pictures for Region 2. Then on January 27, 2021, a repackaged and slightly more compact edition of the Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: The Complete Series Region 1 DVD set (still with 24 discs) was released from the United States by Paramount Home Entertainment.

On June 21, 2023, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch: The Complete Collection 25-disc DVD set was released from Australia by Via Vision for Region 0, including all seven seasons of the show plus the TV movies Sabrina Goes to Rome and Sabrina Down Under.

Episodes and U.S. ratings history
During its four-year run on ABC, Sabrina was the highest-rated series among the network's TGIF line-up. In the 2000–2001 season, the show moved to The WB after a negotiation dispute with ABC. While ABC was willing to renew the show for a fifth season, the network was not willing to pay the reported $1.5 million per episode that Viacom Productions, which produced the show, wanted. The WB then picked up the show for a mere $675,000 per episode, but agreed to commit to 66 episodes.

In other media
The series spawned a 1998 soundtrack and the release of several multiplatform video games beginning in 1999. A book series based on episodes from the show was produced as well as the biweekly magazine Sabrina's Secrets.

Soundtrack
On October 27, 1998, Geffen Records released a soundtrack for the series. The album features songs by contemporary pop artists such as Spice Girls, Backstreet Boys, and Britney Spears. It also features Melissa Joan Heart's cover of "One Way or Another" from the Season 2 episode "The Band Episode". The album was certified Gold by the RIAA in the United States, double Platinum in Canada, and has sold over 700,000 copies worldwide.

Video games
On June 11, 1999, Knowledge Adventure through Simon & Schuster Interactive and Havas Interactive officially announced the video games Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Spellbound, Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Brat Attack and Sabrina the Teenage Witch: Bundle of Magic for Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

On March 29, 2001, Knowledge Adventure through Simon & Schuster Interactive and Havas Interactive officially announced the video game Sabrina the Teenage Witch: A Twitch in Time! for the PlayStation game system.

Animated series
An animated spin-off of the show, Sabrina: The Animated Series, started airing during the live action show's 4th season. The role of Sabrina was voiced by Hart's younger sister Emily Hart. Melissa Joan Hart voiced both aunts, Hilda and Zelda, and Nick Backay reprises his role of Salem. This series was followed by a television film, Sabrina: Friends Forever, which in turn was followed by another series titled Sabrina's Secret Life. Neither Emily Hart nor Melissa Joan Hart returned for the television film or the follow-up series. An animated spin-off focusing on Salem the Cat was also slated to debut in the 2001-02 season before it was scrapped.

A new animated spin-off was produced by Hub Network in 2013 called Sabrina: Secrets of a Teenage Witch. In this version, Sabrina (voiced by Ashley Tisdale) is a witch princess in training so that she can one day rule the other realm.