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Joan Jonas

Joan Jonas (born July 13, 1936) is an American visual artist and a pioneer of video and performance art, "a central figure in the performance art movement of the late 1960s". Jonas' projects and experiments were influential in the creation of video performance art as a medium. Her influences also extended to conceptual art, theatre, performance art and other visual media. She lives and works in New York and Nova Scotia, Canada.

Early life and education
Jonas was born in 1936 in New York City. In 1958 she received a bachelor's degree in Art History from Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She later studied sculpture and drawing at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and received an MFA in Sculpture from Columbia University in 1965. Immersed in New York's downtown art scene of the 1960s, Jonas studied with the choreographer Trisha Brown for two years. Jonas also worked with choreographers Yvonne Rainer and Steve Paxton.

Work
Though Jonas began her career as a sculptor, by 1968 she moved into what was then leading-edge territory: mixing performance with props and mediated images, situated outdoors in urban or rural landscapes and/or industrial environments. Between 1968 and 1971, Jonas performed Mirror Pieces, works which used mirrors to as a central motif or prop. In these early performances, the mirror became a symbol of (self-)portraiture, representation, the body, and real vs. imaginary, while also sometimes adding an element of danger and a connection to the audience that was integral to the work. In Wind (1968), Jonas filmed performers stiffly passing through the field of view against a wind that lent the choreography a psychological mystique.

In 1970, Jonas went on a long trip to Japan — where she bought her first video camera and saw Noh, Bunraku and Kabuki theater — with the sculptor Richard Serra. Her video performances between 1972 and 1976 pared the cast down to one actor, the artist herself, performing in her New York loft as Organic Honey, her seminal alter-ego invented as an "electronic erotic seductress," whose doll-like visage seen reflected bits on camera explored the fragmented female image and women's shifting roles. Drawings, costumes, masks, and interactions with the recorded image were effects that optically related to a doubling of perception and meaning. In one such work, Organic Honey's Visual Telepathy (1972), Jonas scans her own fragmented image onto a video screen. In Disturbances (1973), a woman swims silently beneath another woman's reflection. Songdelay (1973), filmed with both telephoto and wide-angle lenses (which produce opposing extremes in depth of field) drew on Jonas' travels in Japan, where she saw groups of Noh performers clapping wood blocks and making angular movements. In a video interview for MoMA, Jonas described her work as androgynous; earlier works were more involved in the search for a feminine vernacular in art, she explains, and, unlike sculpture and painting, video was more open, less dominated by men.

In 1975, Jonas appeared as a performer in the movie Keep Busy, by the photographer Robert Frank and novelist-screenwriter Rudy Wurlitzer. In 1976 with The Juniper Tree, Jonas arrived at a narrative structure from diverse literary sources, such as fairy tales, mythology, poetry, and folk songs, formalizing a highly complex, nonlinear method of presentation. Using a colorful theatrical set and recorded sound, The Juniper Tree retold a Grimm Brothers tale of an archetypal evil stepmother and her family.

In the 1990s, Jonas’ My New Theater series moved away from a dependence on her physical presence. The three pieces investigated, in sequence: a Cape Breton Island dancer and his local culture; a dog jumping through a hoop while Jonas draws a landscape; and finally, using stones, costumes, memory-laden objects, and her dog, a video about the act of performing. She also created Revolted by the Thought of Known Places... (1992) and Woman in the Well (1996/2000).

In her installation/performance commissioned for Documenta 11, Lines in the Sand (2002), Jonas investigated themes of the self and the body in a performance installation based on the writer H.D.’s (Hilda Doolittle) epic poem "Helen in Egypt" (1951–55), which reworks the myth of Helen of Troy. Jonas sited many of her early performances at The Kitchen, including Funnel (1972) and the screening of Vertical Roll (1972). In The Shape, The Scent, The Feel of Things, produced by The Renaissance Society in 2004, Jonas draws on Aby Warburg's work on Hopi imagery.

Since 1970, Jonas has spent part of every summer in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. She has lived and worked in Greece, Morocco, India, Germany, the Netherlands, Iceland, Poland, Hungary, and Ireland.

Jonas’ works were first performed in the 1960s and '70s for some of the most influential artists of her generation, including Richard Serra, Robert Smithson, Dan Graham and Laurie Anderson. While she is widely known in Europe, her groundbreaking performances are lesser known in the United States, where, as critic Douglas Crimp wrote of her work in 1983, "the rupture that is effected in modernist practices has subsequently been repressed, smoothed over." Yet, in restaging early and recent works, Jonas continues to find new layers of meanings in themes and questions of gender and identity that have fueled her art for over thirty years.

Jonas' performance inspired by the writings of German anthropologist Aby Warburg, The Shape, The Scent, The Feel of Things, was commissioned by Dia Beacon and was twice performed between 2005 and 2006. This project established an ongoing and continuing collaboration with the pianist Jason Moran.

For the season 2014/2015 in the Vienna State Opera Joan Jonas designed a large-scale picture (176 sqm) as part of the exhibition series Safety Curtain, conceived by museum in progress.

Jonas was also featured as a choreographer for Robert Ashley's Opera titled Celestial Excursions in 2003.

Teaching
From 1993, the New York-based Jonas spent part of each year in Los Angeles, teaching a course in New Genres at the UCLA School of the Arts. In 1994, she was made a full professor at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, Germany. Since 1998, she has been a professor of visual arts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she is currently Professor Emerita in the Art, Culture, and Technology program within MIT's School of Architecture and Planning.

Performances
Jonas has performed her works at countless institutions and venues, including:

 * Walker Art Center, Minneapolis (1974)
 * The Kitchen, New York (1975)
 * San Francisco Museum of Art (1976)
 * Kunstmuseum Bern (2004)
 * The Shape, the Scent, the Feel of Things, Dia:Beacon (2006)
 * Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (2008)
 * PERFORMA 13, (2013)
 * Art Night (2016)
 * Oberlin College

Solo exhibitions
Jonas has had a number of solo exhibitions, including:

 * Stedelijk Museum (1994)
 * Rosamund Felsen Gallery, Los Angeles (2003)
 * Pat Hearn Gallery, New York City (2003)
 * Joan Jonas: Five Works, Queens Museum of Art (2003)
 * Joan Jonas. Light Time Tales, HangarBicocca, Milan (2014)
 * Safety Curtain., Vienna State Opera, Vienna (2014/15)
 * what is found in the windowless house is true, Gavin Brown's Enterprise, NY (2017)
 * Joan Jonas, Tate Modern (2018)
 * Moving Off the Land II, at Ocean Space, Venice (2019)
 * Joan Jonas, Cinco Décadas, at Pinacoteca de São Paulo, (Brazil, 2020) curator Berta Sichel

Group exhibitions
Jonas has participated in many international group exhibitions, including:

 * Documenta, Kassel, Germany (Jonas has participated six times since 1972).
 * Point of View: A Contemporary Anthology of the Moving Image, New Museum(2004)
 * Wack! Art and the Feminist Revolution, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2007)

In 2009, she exhibited for the first (and only other) time at the Venice Biennale.

In 2015, Jonas represented the United States of America at the Venice Biennale. She was the sixth female artist to represent the United States at Venice since 1990.

In 2019 Jonas work was presented at the Animalesque group show at Bildmuseet, Umeå University, Sweden.

Other activities
In 2023, Jonas served on the jury that chose Sarah Lucas as first winner of the New Museum’s $400,000 Hostetler/Wrigley Sculpture Award.

Recognition
Jonas has been awarded fellowships and grants for choreography, video, and visual arts from the National Endowment for the Arts; Rockefeller Foundation; Contemporary Art Television (CAT) Fund; Television Laboratory at WNET/13, New York; Artists' Television Workshop at WXXI-TV, Rochester, New York; and Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD). Jonas has received the Hyogo Prefecture Museum of Modern Art Prize at the Tokyo International Video Art Festival, the Polaroid Award for Video, and the American Film Institute Maya Deren Award for Video.

In 2009, Jonas was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.

In 2012, Jonas was honored on the occasion of the Kitchen Spring Gala Benefit.

Jonas was named Whitechapel Gallery Art Icon 2016. In 2018, Jonas won the Kyoto Prize for Art.

Jonas has received awards from Anonymous Was A Woman (1998); the Rockefeller Foundation (1990); American Film Institute's Maya Deren Award for Video (1989); Guggenheim Foundation (1976); and the National Endowment for the Arts (1974).

In 2023 Jonas was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts in London, as an Honorary Royal Academician (HonRA).

Art market
Joan Jonas is represented in New York City by Gladstone Gallery, after previously being represented by Gavin Brown's enterprise. Jonas is represented in Los Angeles by Rosamund Felsen Gallery.

In addition to working on her art, Jonas has been serving on the advisory board of the Hauser & Wirth Institute since 2018.

Public collections
Jonas' work can be found in a number of public institutions, including:

 * Museum of Modern Art, New York
 * Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
 * Tate Modern, London

Archival collections
Archival materials from the Jonas' personal archives have been made available in the Joan Jonas Knowledge Base, an open source resource from the Artists Archive Initiative at New York University.

title: Joan Jonas


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User talk:WQ59B

Welcome
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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:03, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Detroit Automobile Company
Hello. I recently came across this article which you started in 2006. I've added more information and I have added 9 references from books and other sources. I could not find sources for some of the information you added, so I had to remove it. Which sources did you use? — Wackymacs ( talk  ~  edits ) 18:29, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Please feel free to edit the text for clarification and add back any older information I removed, as long as you can add citations to it. — Wackymacs ( talk  ~  edits ) 07:53, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

>> Sidney Olson, "Young Henry Ford, A Picture History of The First Forty Years", Wayne State University Press, 1963.<< Great source (no ISBN number). WQ59B (talk) 01:29, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:WQ59B


text:
Steve Keirn

Stephen Paul Keirn (born September 10, 1951) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in multiple National Wrestling Alliance territories as Steve Keirn as one-half of the tag team The Fabulous Ones, as well as his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Skinner.

Early life
Keirn graduated from Robinson High School in Port Tampa. His father, Richard Keirn, was a B-17 pilot who was shot down over Germany in September 1944 and became a POW. In July 1965, when Stephen was 13, Richard was shot down over Vietnam and again taken prisoner. He was held in the Hanoi Hilton for seven and half years. While his father was imprisoned, Steve hung out with his school friend Mike Graham whose father Eddie Graham was a wrestling booker, who was later inducted in the WWE Hall of Fame.

Championship Wrestling from Florida (1972–1982)
Much of Keirn's early career was spent wrestling as part of a tag team. While wrestling in Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF), he held the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship twelve times; once each with Bob Backlund, Jimmy Garvin, and Brian Blair, and nine times with Mike Graham. In addition, the team of Keirn and Graham won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship three times.

In 1980 and 1981, Keirn focused on his career as a singles wrestler. He won many titles in Florida and Georgia, including the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Title by defeating Chavo Guerrero Sr. This title reign was recognized by New Japan Pro-Wrestling, as well as the Los Angeles and Florida NWA territories, but not by the NWA as a whole, which considered the title vacant and held a tournament to crown a new champion. The title Keirn held was later renamed the NWA International Junior Heavyweight Title. Keirn also won the NWA National Television Championship twice, defeating Terry Funk and Kevin Sullivan.

Various Promotions (1981–1991)
In 1981, Keirn began wrestling with the Tennessee-based Continental Wrestling Association (CWA). He was successful as a singles wrestler, winning a tournament to claim the AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship. He also held the NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship on two occasions. As in CWF, Keirn found his greatest success in the tag team division. He held the AWA Southern Tag Team Championship 17 times, including 14 reigns as one half of The Fabulous Ones with Stan Lane. Keirn and Lane also teamed to win the CWA World Tag Team Championship twice.

The Fabulous Ones competed in various promotions over the next decade. In 1984, the team won the Southwest Championship Wrestling World Tag Team Championship while wrestling in Australia. In the United States, they won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship twice. In 1991, the pair wrestled in the United States Wrestling Association, defeating Tony Anthony and Doug Gilbert to win the USWA Tag Team Championship.

World Wrestling Federation (1991–1993)
In the summer of 1991, Keirn debuted in the WWF as Skinner, an alligator hunter from the Florida Everglades. He was portrayed as a generally nasty individual, always chewing on tobacco and sometimes spitting it on his opponent. He carried an alligator claw to the ring with him, which he would often use as a weapon against his opponents. He competed in the 1991 King of the Ring tournament, defeating Virgil in the first round but losing to Bret Hart in the second round. While still being billed as undefeated, he challenged Hart for the WWF Intercontinental Championship at This Tuesday in Texas on December 3, 1991, but lost by submission. Skinner competed in the 1992 Royal Rumble, lasting 2:13 before being eliminated by Rick Martel. At WrestleMania VIII, he was defeated in one minute and eleven seconds by Owen Hart.

Keirn also unsuccessfully challenged Randy Savage for the WWF Championship on the June 29, episode of Prime Time Wrestling. He also competed in the 1993 Royal Rumble, but was eliminated by Mr. Perfect at the 3:05 mark. While in the WWF, Keirn also portrayed Doink the Clown on occasion. At WrestleMania IX, Keirn helped the original Doink defeat Crush by attacking Crush dressed as Doink during the match.

World Championship Wrestling (1994)
Along with Bobby Eaton, Keirn wrestled in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1994 in a tag team known as "Bad Attitude". Despite the tag team success both Keirn and Eaton enjoyed in the past (with The Fabulous Ones and the Midnight Express respectively), the team made little impact, losing dark matches to Brian and Brad Armstrong at Bash at the Beach 1994 and Fall Brawl 1994. While in WCW, Keirn was also involved in an angle in which masked men attacked Hulk Hogan. Several times in October 1994, Keirn wore a black mask to attack Hogan during and after Hogan's matches.

Later career (1994–2001)
After WCW, Keirn worked in the independent circuit mainly in Florida and Tennessee. He retired in 2001 after a tour for New Japan Pro Wrestling.

Retirement and post-career (2001–present)
Since the late 1980s, Keirn has run a school to train wrestlers. Originally located in Tampa, Florida, Keirn's "Professional Wrestling School of Hard Knocks" is now located in Brandon, Florida. Keirn helped train many wrestlers, including Mike Awesome, Dennis Knight, Diamond Dallas Page, Dustin Rhodes, Tracy Smothers, and Roman Reigns. The school was incorporated into the WWE's developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling, which opened on June 26, 2007, and Keirn was named President of the FCW and made regular appearances on FCW television.

His last match was on December 10, 2007, at the 15th Anniversary Raw participating in a Battle Royal where he was eliminated from the match by Sgt. Slaughter. On August 14, 2012, FCW was discontinued and the WWE Performance Center opened on July 11, 2013.

Autobiography
On March 10, 2023, Keirn's autobiography, The Keirn Chronicles Volume One: The Fabulous Wrestling Life of Steve Keirn, was released. The book is coauthored by Ian Douglass, a contributor to the autobiographies of Dan Severn, Hornswoggle, Bugsy McGraw and Brian Blair, and it includes forewords from Stan Lane and CM Punk, and an afterword from Natalya Neidhart. The book was a finalist for Best Pro Wrestling Book in the 2023 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards.

The second edition of Keirn's memoirs, The Keirn Chronicles Volume Two: The Phenomenal Wrestling Resurgence of Steve Keirn, was released on April 15, 2024. This book was also coauthored by Ian Douglass, and includes a foreword from Drew McIntyre and an afterword from Ted Dibiase.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Century Wrestling Alliance
 * CWA Television Championship (1 time)
 * Championship Wrestling from Florida
 * NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Florida version) (1 time)
 * NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
 * NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (12 times) – with Mike Graham (9), Jimmy Garvin (1), Bob Backlund (1), and Brian Blair (1)
 * NWA Florida Television Championship (1 time)
 * NWA North America Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) – with Mike Graham
 * NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version) (2 times)
 * NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (5 times) – with Mike Graham (3) and Stan Lane (2)
 * Georgia Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Georgia Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Georgia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mr. Wrestling
 * NWA National Television Championship (2 times)
 * Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling
 * NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Gulf Coast version) (1 time) – with Ricky Gibson
 * NWA Hollywood Wrestling
 * NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association
 * AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (17 times) – with Stan Lane (14), Bill Dundee (2), and Terry Taylor (1)
 * CWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mark Starr
 * CWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Stan Lane
 * NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him #132 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * Southwest Championship Wrestling
 * SCW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Stan Lane
 * United States Wrestling Association
 * USWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Stan Lane

title: Steve Keirn


text:
User talk:Gchriss

Welcome
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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Dick Userbox
Hi Cool Cat, would you consider removing the following from your userpage?

 * style="font-size: 8pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em;" | This user supports circumcision of dicks on Wikipedia.

See Jimbo's request. Thanks, Gchriss 18:09, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * If you have a problem with my userpage and addressing others about it before asking me I will of course decline you request.
 * Furthermore I see no evidence of comments by Jimbo regarding my userpage. -- Cool CatTalk 18:20, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I haven't asked anyone else but you, Cool Cat. I should have stated Jimbo's appeal, located at the top of his talk page:

"I wonder if you might consider simply removing your political/religious/etc. userboxes and asking others to do the same."

Thanks, Gchriss 19:32, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh I see... The userbox is neither political nor religious. It is simply a self expresion. I dont like people who act like dicks on wikipedia. I am merely quoting a wikipedia guideline. -- Cool CatTalk 19:47, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I think the policy is fine (except for perhaps a name change), but the first impression I had of your userpage is that you think Dick Cheney acts like a dick. Perhaps not what you intended, but some people can become touchy over politics. I will leave this to your decision. Thanks, Gchriss 19:57, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * His name is "Dick", I did not give him his name :P. I enjoy mocking famous/powerful people from time to time. Makes me feel

title: User talk:Gchriss


text:
User talk:Cjboffoli

Welcome
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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Cjboffoli


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Roger Minott Sherman

Roger Minott Sherman (May 22, 1773 – December 30, 1844) was a lawyer and politician from Fairfield County, Connecticut.

Early life, family, and education
Roger Minott Sherman, born May 22, 1773, was the youngest of six children of Rev. Josiah Sherman who was a brother of the distinguished Roger Sherman. His mother was Martha Minott, the daughter of James and Elizabeth (Merrick) Minott of Concord, Massachusetts. Roger Minott Sherman's eldest sister Elizabeth Sherman married John Mitchell, they were the parents of U.S. Representative Henry Mitchell (New York politician). His other sister Martha Sherman married the Rev. Justus Mitchell, and they were the great-grandparents of US Senator Chauncey Depew.

By this even the son was thrown upon his own resources, except so far as his uncle, for whom he was named, assisted him. Through his sophomore year he boarded at his uncle's house and for the later years of his Yale College course he supported himself by teaching in New Haven, Connecticut.

After graduation he began the study of law in Windsor, under the direction of Oliver Ellsworth, and at the same time taught an academy. After about two years he removed to the Litchfield Law School, where he continued his studies with Tapping Reeve, while teaching a common school.

In February, 1795, he was elected a tutor at Yale College, and on March 12 began his duties succeeding James Gould, of the Class of 1791, in the instruction of the sophomore (2nd year) class, and at the same time continuing the study of law with the Roger Sherman's son-in-law, Simeon Baldwin (Yale 1781). He united with the church in Yale College by profession of his faith on May 1, 1796, and ever after made the advancement of the interests of religion a prime object.

Career
In 1796, Roger Minott Sherman was admitted to the New Haven bar. In May of that year, he resigned his tutorship and settled in Norwalk, Connecticut. Sherman would serve as the representative of Norwalk, where he also practiced law, in the Connecticut General Assembly in the two sessions of 1798.

In 1807, he moved to Fairfield where the principal courts were at that time held, and where he resided until the time of his death. He continued at the bar for forty-three years, and his business as an advocate was very extensive.

It is believed that he argued more causes than any other lawyer who practiced in Connecticut during the first half of the nineteenth century. He did comparatively little office-business, but devoted his time to the trial of causes in court, and he also for more than twenty-five years attended the state legislature as an advocate in cases pending before that body. He was deeply interested in the administration of justice as provided for by legislative enactment, and many of the statutes of the state in the realm of municipal law during his active life were drawn up and their passage procured by him.

In 1814, he was elected to the Connecticut Governor's Council where he served until the enactment of the new state constitution in 1818. During this time he declined a nomination to the United States Congress. In 1814, he was appointed a delegate to the Hartford Convention, in the proceedings of which he took an active part. He had been actively interested also in the steps preliminary to the call of the Convention, and was the author of the Report to the Connecticut Legislature, of the Committee which had recommended the appointment of delegates.

After the death of Yale College President Timothy Dwight in 1817, he was considered by some as a candidate for the presidency of Yale.

In 1829, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by the Corporation of Yale College. He was a representative of Fairfield in the Connecticut General Assembly in 1825 and 1838. A year later, in May 1839, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut and granted a judicial seat in a superior court. His legal knowledge, his thoroughness and independence, and his inflexible integrity contributed to make his tenure of this office highly successful.

Declining health and death
Due to ill health, Sherman resigned in May 1842 from his extant judicial positions. During the last years of his life he suffered from acute disease, and consequently lived in retirement, though his intellectual capacities were unimpaired.

In December, 1844, he was seized with more severe illness, and declined rapidly until his death, in Fairfield, on December 30. The discourse preached at his funeral by his pastor, Lyman Hotchkiss Atwater, was afterwards published. Sherman had been elected deacon in the church in Fairfield in 1810, but resigned before his death.

Personal life
On December 13, 1796, he married Elizabeth (or Betsy) Gould. She died in Fairfield, after years of feeble health, on August 3, 1848, in her 75th year. Her will, made in pursuance of her husband's, bequeathed their homestead, with an endowment fund to the First Ecclesiastical Society of Fairfield. Among other public bequests was one of $4,000 to Yale College. The value of the entire estate was over $71,000 at the time.

Their only children were twin sons whose health failed early.

title: Roger Minott Sherman


text:
Talk:Steve Keirn

Crocodile Hunter?
This article calls Skinner a "Tobacco spitting crocodile Hunter from the Everglades." There are no crocodiles in the Everglades (which is in Florida), but there are aligators there. Florida is well known for them. In the WWF, they associated him aligators, not crocodiles. So, will someone please make the correction? Thanks. 24.236.142.218 (talk) 18:04, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Undertaker
I remeber watching a match between the Undertaker and Skinner in 1993 on Raw and the show ended before the match ended so I thought this would be a high profile match to put and and it would be nice to know who won the match. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.3.169.94 (talk) 00:44, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Hello Mr.Kern,                                                                                I just wanted to know if you are the same Steve Kern that was wrestling in 1986.My who was 16 years at the time and inthe Shriners hospital.You went to see him and spent alot of time with him while I was at school and taking care of the other children.He still talks of you often and I was wondering if he could meet up with you again.It is because of you that he is walking on his own.He would have given up along time ago if you hadn't kept incourging him,and I thank you for that...If you can I would like for him to be able to reunite with you but if it is not possible I also understand.....My phone number is 863-632-0265...Thank you soo much for your time....Carole Burgess  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.56.20.92 (talk) 22:59, 15 March 2012 (UTC)

Legends Battle Royal on the 15th Anniversary of Raw in 2007
Skinner left WWE in 1993, but has returned sporadically since — most memorably as a participant in the Legends Battle Royal on the 15th Anniversary of Raw in 2007. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.116.242.76 (talk) 04:26, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Steve Keirn


text:
On Bullshit

On Bullshit is a 2005 book (originally a 1986 essay) by American philosopher Harry G. Frankfurt which presents a theory of bullshit that defines the concept and analyzes the applications of bullshit in the context of communication. Frankfurt determines that bullshit is speech intended to persuade without regard for truth. The liar cares about the truth and attempts to hide it; the bullshitter doesn't care whether what they say is true or false. Frankfurt's philosophical analysis of bullshit has been analyzed, criticized and adopted by academics since its publication.

History
Frankfurt originally published the essay "On Bullshit" in the Raritan Quarterly Review journal in 1986. Nineteen years later, the essay was published as the book On Bullshit (2005), which proved popular among lay readers; the book appeared for 27 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list and was discussed on the television show The Daily Show With Jon Stewart, as well as in an interview with a representative of the publisher, Princeton University Press. On Bullshit served as the basis for Frankfurt's follow-up book On Truth (2006).

Summary
Frankfurt was a professional philosopher, trained in analytical philosophy. When asked why he decided to focus on bullshit, he explained:

"Respect for the truth and a concern for the truth are among the foundations for civilization. I was for a long time disturbed by the lack of respect for the truth that I observed... bullshit is one of the deformities of these values."

His book On Bullshit addresses his concern and makes a distinction between "bullshitters" and liars. He concludes that bullshitters are more insidious: they are more of a threat against the truth than are liars.

Humbug and bullshit
Frankfurt begins his work on bullshit by presenting an explanation and examination of Max Black's concept of humbug. Black's essay on humbug and Frankfurt's book on bullshit are similar. Both focus on understanding, defining and explaining their respective concepts and using examples. Frankfurt focuses on humbug, as he believes that it is similar to bullshit but is the more respectful term. Frankfurt uses Black's work on humbug to break down the description of humbug into defining factors: "deceptive misrepresentation", "short of lying” "misrepresentation... of somebody's own thoughts, feelings, or attitudes", and "especially by pretentious word or deed". Frankfurt's analysis enables him to distinguish between humbug and lying. The main distinction is the intent that motivates them. The intent behind humbug is misrepresentation, whereas the intent behind lying is more extreme, intending to cover the truth. To Frankfurt, people tend to bullshit due to another motive that could hide something. The comparison of humbug to lying acts as an initial introduction to bullshit. Humbug is closely related to bullshit, but Frankfurt believes that it is inadequate to explain bullshit and its characteristics.

Lying and bullshit
Frankfurt's book focuses heavily on defining and discussing the difference between lying and bullshit. The main difference between the two is intent and deception. Both people who are lying and people who are telling the truth are focused on the truth. The liar wants to steer people away from discovering the truth, and the person telling the truth wants to present the truth. The bullshitter differs from both liars and people presenting the truth with their disregard of the truth. Frankfurt explains how bullshitters or people who are bullshitting are distinct, as they are not focused on the truth. A person who communicates bullshit is not interested in whether what they say is true or false, only in its suitability for their purpose. In his book, Frankfurt defines "shit", "bull session" and "bull". This is done in a lexicographical manner which breaks down the word bullshit and examines each component. The components of the word bullshit highlights the corresponding terms that encompass the overall meaning of the word bullshit: useless, insignificance and nonsense.

Next, Frankfurt focuses on the complete word and its implications and acceptance. He presents an example of advice provided to a child from his father which encourages choosing bullshit over lying when possible. Frankfurt gives two reasons for the different levels of consequences between bullshit and lying. First, the liar is viewed as being purposefully deceitful or harmful because of the accompanying intent behind the act. Second, the person who bullshits lacks the kind of intention characteristic of the liar. Producing bullshit requires no knowledge of the truth. The liar is intentionally avoiding the truth, and the bullshitter may potentially be telling the truth or providing elements of the truth without the intention of doing so. Frankfurt believes that bullshitters and the growing acceptance of bullshit are more harmful to society than liars and lying. This is because liars actively consider the truth when they conceal it, whereas bullshitters completely disregard the truth. "Bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth than lies are." Frankfurt believes that while bullshit may be tolerated more, it is much more harmful.

Rise of bullshit
Frankfurt concludes his book by discussing the rise of bullshit. He does not argue that there is more bullshit in society now than there was in the past. He explains that all forms of communications have increased, leading to more bullshit being seen, read and heard. He states that the social expectation for individuals to have and express their opinions on all matters requires more bullshit. Despite a lack of knowledge on a subject matter, for example, politics, religion or art, there is an expectation to participate in the conversation and provide an opinion. This opinion is likely to be bullshit at times, as it is not based on fact and research. The opinion is motivated by a disregard of the truth with a desire to appear knowledgeable or adequately opinionated. Frankfurt acknowledges that bullshitting may not always be intentional but believes that ultimately it is performed with a disregard and carelessness of the truth. Frankfurt argues that this rise in bullshit is dangerous, as it accepts and enables a growing disregard of the truth.

Reception and criticisms
The responses to Frankfurt's work have varied greatly. Since the publication, it has been discussed, adapted, praised and criticized. It has received a positive reception by many academics, is considered remarkable by some, and its popularity amongst the public is evident with its status as a best seller for many weeks. His work has also received criticisms. One of the main criticisms has been that the work is overly simplistic and too narrow: that the book does not acknowledge the many dynamic factors involved in communication, or the dynamic nature of truth. This criticism also explains that the work is limited in its analysis of other motives and forms of bullshit aside from one stemming from a lack of concern for the truth. One critic notes that the book does not mention, or dismisses, the audience's ability to detect bullshit: that Frankfurt's explanation of bullshit presents a narrative where bullshit goes unnoticed or is easily excusable by its audience. Another critic points to the book's failure to rewrite the original essay to include an acknowledgement or discussion of criticism and accounting for any of the new developments and ideas within psychology and philosophy for the publication of his book.

Despite all these criticisms, as previously mentioned, the work is popular and has received a positive reception. Anthropologist and anarchist David Graeber refers to Frankfurt's text in his 2018 book Bullshit Jobs.

title: On Bullshit


text:
Holger Pedersen (linguist)

Holger Pedersen (7 April 1867 – 25 October 1953) was a Danish linguist who made significant contributions to language science and wrote about 30 authoritative works concerning several languages.

He was born in Gelballe, Denmark, and died in Hellerup, next to Copenhagen.

Education and academic career
(Principal source: Koerner 1983)

Pedersen studied at the University of Copenhagen with Karl Verner, Vilhelm Thomsen, and Hermann Möller. He subsequently studied at the University of Leipzig with Karl Brugmann, Eduard Sievers, Ernst Windisch, and August Leskien.

In the fall of 1893, Pedersen enrolled at the University of Berlin, where he studied with Johannes Schmidt. The following year he studied Celtic languages and Sanskrit with Heinrich Zimmer at the University of Greifswald.

In 1895 he spent several months in the Aran Islands in Ireland to study the conservative form of Gaelic spoken there.

Pedersen submitted his doctoral dissertation to the University of Copenhagen in 1896. It dealt with aspiration in Irish. It was accepted and published in 1897. The dissertation committee included Vilhelm Thomsen and Otto Jespersen.

Also in 1897, Pedersen took a position as a lecturer on Celtic languages at the University of Copenhagen. In 1900 he became a reader in comparative grammar there. In 1902 he was offered a professorship at the University of Basel, which he declined, but was able at the same time to persuade the University of Copenhagen to establish an extraordinary professorship for him (Koerner 1983:xii). Pedersen also turned down the offer in 1908 of a professorship at the University of Strassburg (ib.). Following the retirement of Vilhelm Thomsen in 1912, Pedersen acceded to Thomsen's chair at the University of Copenhagen. He remained at the University of Copenhagen for the rest of his life.

Contributions to linguistics
In 1893, Pedersen traveled to Corfu with Karl Brugmann to study Albanian in place. Subsequently, Pedersen published a volume of Albanian texts collected on this journey (1895). The publication was due to the recommendation of Brugmann and Leskien (Koerner 1983:x). He continued to publish work on Albanian for many years thereafter. Pedersen's work on Albanian is often cited in Vladimir Orel's Albanian Etymological Dictionary (1995).

Among students of the Celtic languages Pedersen is best known for his Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen, 'Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages', which is still regarded as the principal reference work in Celtic historical linguistics.

His Hittitisch und die anderen indoeuropäischen Sprachen, 'Hittite and the Other Indo-European Languages', represented a significant step forward in Hittite studies, and is often relied on in Friedrich's Hethitisches Elementarbuch (2d ed. 1960), the standard handbook of Hittite.

Also influential was his Tocharisch vom Gesichtspunkt der indoeuropäischen Sprachvergleichung, 'Tocharian from the Viewpoint of Indo-European Language Comparison'. For example, André Martinet (2005:179n) states that his discussion of sound changes in Tocharian is "fondé sur la présentation du tokharien par Holger Pedersen," 'based on the presentation of Tocharian by Holger Pedersen'.

It was Pedersen who formulated the ruki law, an important sound change in Indo-Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic.

He is also known for the description of Pedersen's Law, a type of accentual shift occurring in Baltic and Slavic languages (1933a).

Pedersen endorsed the laryngeal theory (1893:292) at a time when it "was regarded as an eccentric fancy of outsiders" (Szemerényi 1996:123). In his classic exposition of the theory, Émile Benveniste (1935:148) credits Pedersen as one of those who contributed most to its development, along with Ferdinand de Saussure, Hermann Möller, and Albert Cuny.

Two of Pedersen's theories have been receiving considerable attention in recent times after decades of neglect, often known today under the names of the glottalic theory and the Nostratic theory.

Origin of the glottalic theory
In a work published in 1951, Pedersen pointed out that the frequency of b in Indo-European is abnormally low. Comparison of languages, however, shows that it would be normal if it had once been the equivalent voiceless stop p, which is infrequent or absent in many languages.

He also posited that the Indo-European voiced aspirates, bh dh gh, could be better understood as voiceless aspirates, ph th kh.

Pedersen therefore proposed that the three stop series of Indo-European, p t k, bh dh gh, and b d g, had at an earlier time been b d g, ph th kh, and (p) t k, with the voiceless and voiced non-aspirates reversed.

This theory attracted relatively little attention until the American linguist Paul Hopper (1973) and the two Soviet scholars Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav V. Ivanov proposed, in a series of articles culminating in a major work by Gamkrelidze and Ivanov published in 1984 (English translation 1995), that the Indo-European b d g series had originally been a glottalized series, p' t' k'. Under this form, the theory has attracted wide interest; however, since the original claim of typological oddity has been falsified, no direct evidence for glottalized stops has been found, in the last few years publications in support of the so-called glottalic model have been steadily declining, and "the traditional paradigm remains absolutely in place".

Origin of the Nostratic theory
Pedersen seems to have first used the term "Nostratic" in an article on Turkish phonology published in 1903. The kernel of Pedersen's argument for Nostratic in that article was as follows (1903:560-561; "Indo-Germanic" = Indo-European):

 * Grønbech considers it possible p. 69 that the Turkish word for "goose" could be borrowed from Indo-Germanic (Osm. kaz Yak. xās Chuv. xur). There are in my view three possibilities with regard to this word: coincidence, borrowing, and kinship. One must also reckon with this last possibility. Very many language stocks in Asia are without doubt related to the Indo-Germanic one; this is perhaps valid for all those languages which have been characterized as Ural–Altaic. I would like to unite all the language stocks related to Indo-Germanic under the name "Nostratic languages." The Nostratic languages occupy not only a very large area in Europe and Asia but also extend to within Africa; for the Semitic-Hamitic languages are in my view without doubt Nostratic. With regard to the proof of the relationship of the Nostratic languages, not only must all root etymologies and in general all etymological frivolities be kept at a distance, but one should in general not concern oneself with heaping up a mass of material. One should rather limit oneself to the rational consideration of a series of pronouns, negatives, in part also numerals which can be traced through several language stocks (in Turkish one is reminded of the Indo-Germanic by the negation -ma, -mä and the word-initial interrogative particle m, the interrogative pronoun kim, the pronoun of the first person män, the verbal ending of the 1. sing. -m, 1. plur. -myz, -miz and the ending -jin in the 1. sing. of the "optative," very reminiscent of the Indo-Germanic subjunctive [with the optative affix -a-, -ä-], the pronoun of the 2. sing. sän [cp. the IdG. verbal ending -s], the causative formation with -tur- [cp. IdG. -tōr nomen agentis; the Indo-Germanic causative also appears as if it were derived from a nomina agentis of the φορός type], the nomina actionis like Orkh. käd-im "clothing," several numerals: Orkh. jiti "7," jitm-iš "70," [with j = IdG. s as in Proto-Turk. *jib- "approach," Osm. jyldyz "Star": to Indo-Germanic word for "sun," jat- "lie": IdG. word for "sit"]; Proto-Turk. bǟš "5" [with š = IdG. -que; cp. Osm. piš- "be cooked," IdG. *pequeti "cooks"] etc., etc.). I resist the temptation to enter into this question in more detail.

Pedersen's last sentence should be understood as referring to the article he was writing, not the rest of his career. Although he defined the Nostratic family, he himself never produced the work of synthesis the concept seemed to call for. That would await the work of the Russian scholars Illich-Svitych and Dolgopolsky in the 1960s for its first iteration. Nevertheless, Pedersen did not abandon the subject. He produced a substantial (if overlooked) article on Indo-European and Semitic in 1908. He produced a detailed argument in favor of the kinship of Indo-European and Uralic in 1933. In effect, the three pillars of the Nostratic hypothesis are Indo-Uralic, Ural–Altaic, and Indo-Semitic. Pedersen produced works on two of these three, so the impression is incorrect that he neglected this subject in his subsequent career. His interest in the Nostratic idea remained constant amid his many other activities as a linguist.

English "Nostratic" is the normal equivalent of German nostratisch, the form used by Pedersen in 1903, and Danish nostratisk (compare French nostratique). His 1931 American translator rendered nostratisk by "Nostratian," but this form did not catch on.

In his 1924 book, Pedersen defined Nostratic as follows (1931:338):

 * As a comprehensive designation for the families of languages which are related to Indo-European, we may employ the expression Nostratian languages (from Latin nostrās "our countryman").

In his view, Indo-European was most clearly related to Uralic, with "similar, though fainter, resemblances" to Turkish, Mongolian, and Manchu; to Yukaghir; and to Eskimo (1931:338). He also considered Indo-European might be related to Semitic and that, if so, it must be related to Hamitic and possibly to Basque (ib.). In his abovementioned 1903 article he expressed the view that the "Semitic-Hamitic" languages were "indubitably" included in Nostratic (1903:560).

In modern terms, we would say he was positing genetic relationship between Indo-European and the Uralic, Altaic, Yukaghir, Eskimo, and Afro-Asiatic language families. (The existence of the Altaic family is controversial, and few would now assign Basque to Afro-Asiatic.)

However, in Pedersen's view the languages listed did not exhaust the possibilities for Nostratic (ib.):

 * The boundaries for the Nostratian world of languages cannot yet be determined, but the area is enormous, and includes such widely divergent races that one becomes almost dizzy at the thought. (...) The question remains simply whether sufficient material can be collected to give this inclusion flesh and blood and a good clear outline.

title: Holger Pedersen (linguist)


text:
Lauderdale, Tasmania

Lauderdale is a town on the outskirts of Hobart, capital of Tasmania, Australia. The population of Lauderdale is approximately 2,592 (2021 census). It is in the local government area of City of Clarence. The town is situated on the eastern side of a thin isthmus that connects the South Arm Peninsula to the mainland. It faces Ralphs Bay, and the majority of Lauderdale's population live along Roches Beach, which faces Frederick Henry Bay. Along with nearby Seven Mile Beach, it is a popular residential area for people working in the Hobart CBD.

Lauderdale/Roches Beach is overlooked by Single Hill, which is just to the North. Beyond Single Hill is the town of Seven Mile Beach. The view from Single Hill gives a clear view of the town of Lauderdale. The view also shows the nearby ABC radio transmitter mast. The Ralphs Bay side of Lauderdale reveals a sharp gradient in the bay where the water changes colour. This change can be especially noticeable when driving along the main road from Hobart.

Walker Corporation had plans to build a large residential 'canal estate' in Ralphs Bay in front of Lauderdale. There were many protests against the development on ecological grounds; the development would be over sensitive mud flats and affect the habitat of migratory birds and the endangered spotted handfish. Former State Premier Paul Lennon was very much in favour of the development whilst acting as premier. He has close relations with Walker Corp. In June 2010, Ralphs Bay was saved when the Tasmanian Planning Commission rejected the proposed 'Lauderdale Quay' canal housing development. However the Legislative Council of the Tasmanian Parliament debated the Canal Estates (Prohibition) Bill 2011 on 7 July 2012 and voted against this legislation. So while the Ralphs Bay development will not go ahead the way is still open to other developments.

Recreation areas of Lauderdale

 * Lauderdale Oval (Lauderdale Bombers FC)
 * Lauderdale skate park & recreation area
 * Boat ramp
 * Canal jetty
 * Canal barbecue area
 * Bayview Park/barbecue area
 * Epping Play Park/barbecue area

Lauderdale has a primary school and childcare centre, along with a Christian church (Abundant Life Church).

Accidents and incidents
On 10 March 1946 a Douglas DC-3 aircraft operated by Australian National Airways departed from Cambridge Aerodrome with a crew of 4 and 21 passengers for Essendon Airport. Less than 2 minutes after take-off the aircraft crashed at Seven Mile Beach, killing all on board. At the time it was Australia's worst civil aviation accident.

title: Lauderdale, Tasmania


text:
Shrek 4-D

Shrek 4-D (also known as Shrek 3-D for the DVD release and The Ghost of Lord Farquaad for the Shrek's Thriller Tales DVD release and DreamWorks Spooky Stories Blu-ray release, Netflix, and other streaming releases) is an animated 4D film based on the Shrek franchise created by DreamWorks Animation, itself based on the book by William Steig. It also is a 4D simulator ride attraction with motion-based effects and water sprayers located at various theme parks around the world. It is currently shown at Universal Destinations & Experiences in Japan, Singapore, and previously in Universal Studios Florida and Hollywood, where it closed on August 14, 2017, in Hollywood to make way for the DreamWorks Theatre attraction while the one in Orlando closed on January 10, 2022 and was replaced by Illumination's Villain-Con Minion Blast. Outside the Universal parks, the movie was shown at Movie Park Germany in Germany from May 2008 until July 2011, and Warner Bros. Movie World in Australia from September 2005 until August 2010. A spin-off attraction titled Donkey's Photo Finish is located at the Florida venue while Meet Shrek and Donkey is located at the Hollywood venue. In Universal Studios Japan (where it is known as Shrek's 4-D Adventure), the attraction is shown in the same theater as Sesame Street 4-D Movie Magic, with the Shrek 4-D film shown for the first 12 hours of the day, and the Sesame Street film shown for the next 12 hours of the day.

The film, set after the events of the first film, follows Shrek and Donkey as they attempt to save Princess Fiona from Lord Farquaad's ghost, who plots to capture her. The ride takes guests on a journey alongside Shrek and Donkey during their rescue mission.

Plot
While Shrek and Princess Fiona, assisted by Donkey, try to find the Honeymoon Hotel, where they plan to stay for their honeymoon, Thelonious appears and captures Fiona, with Shrek and Donkey giving chase. Upon Shrek and Donkey searching around the local graveyard, Lord Farquaad's ghost reanimates the stone statue of Dragon from his tomb to go after them and kill them. The real Dragon arrives to the rescue, leading to a chase ending with the stone dragon losing its wings against the walls of a hole and falling into the water below. Farquaad sends Fiona on a raft to fall over the waterfall (with Thelonious still on it, not realizing he was supposed to get off), intending to kill her so that they can rule the underworld together. Fiona manages to break the restraints and knees Thelonious in the groin, causing him to fall off the raft. Shrek and Donkey arrive shortly after to rescue her before the raft plunges over the waterfall, but in the end, all four of them fall over the waterfall. They are saved by Dragon, who then breathes fire at Farquaad, destroying him again. Dragon gives Shrek and Fiona a ride to the Honeymoon Hotel, and she and Donkey ride off to have a honeymoon of their own by making waffles. Shrek and Fiona's honeymoon is interrupted by the Fairy Tale creatures, but they go along with it. Everyone celebrates after Shrek says "Let The Honeymoon Begin!". He then pops the cork off champagne, sending one of the fairies flying with the cork.

Cast

 * Mike Myers as Shrek
 * Eddie Murphy as Donkey
 * Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona
 * John Lithgow as Lord Farquaad
 * Conrad Vernon as Gingy
 * Cody Cameron as Pinocchio / The Three Little Pigs
 * Christopher Knights as Thelonious / Three Blind Mice
 * Chris Miller as Magic Mirror

Amusement park integration
In May 2002, it was announced that Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood would be getting Shrek 4-D. That same month, the Florida location announced the closure of The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera and Alfred Hitchcock: The Art of Making Movies. Shrek 4-D would be taking over Alfred Hitchcock: The Art of Making Movies, while The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera would be taken over by Jimmy Neutron's Nicktoon Blast. Both attractions were set to open in 2003.

Universal Parks & Resorts have implemented the movie into four of their amusement parks with plans to integrate it into a fifth. The first park to show the film was Universal Studios Hollywood on May 23, 2003. This was followed by Universal Studios Florida and Japan in June. In 2010, the attraction opened with Universal Studios Singapore in the Shrek-themed Far Far Away themed area. Outside the Universal Parks, the film has only been shown at two theme parks. Movie Park Germany began showing the film on May 27, 2008 (which was shown in German), with Warner Bros. Movie World starting on September 17, 2005.

The Florida location hosted a 10th anniversary party on June 12, 2013, with a giant birthday cake, along with appearances from Shrek and Princess Fiona.

Universal Studios Hollywood's Shrek 4-D queue has been used for many years to make mazes for Universal's Halloween Horror Nights event. In 2006, The Asylum operated in the queue. This was followed by A Nightmare on Elm Street themed mazes for 2007, 2008, and 2010. In 2009 My Bloody Valentine: Be Mine 4 Ever operated in the queue. The final mazes used in this venue were both themed to La Llorona in 2011 and 2012.

Closures
Warner Bros. Movie World retired its Shrek 4-D Adventure on August 29, 2010. Movie Park Germany closed their Shrek 4-D attraction the following year on July 4, 2011, and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs - The 4-D Experience opened in its place in 2012. A third installation of Shrek 4-D closed at Universal Studios Hollywood on August 14, 2017, to make way for the DreamWorks Theatre attraction. Universal Studios Florida announced in 2021 that its Shrek 4-D was closing with its last day of operation being on January 10, 2022. The Florida attraction was replaced by Illumination's Villain-Con Minion Blast which became part of Minion Land on Illumination Ave, which opened on August 11, 2023. The Cinema 4-D Theater of Shrek's 4-D Adventure is closed in February 9, 2024.

Other releases
On May 11, 2004, the attraction was released on DVD with the original Shrek film as Shrek 3-D with both 3-D and 2-D versions included. The release included pairs of two-color 3-D glasses. The DVD included an anaglyph 3-D version along with a conventional version without 3-D effects. The DVD release also included a preview of Shrek 2.

On May 13, 2007, the film was shown on Nickelodeon as Shrek's Never Before Seen Adventure, with the 3-D effects removed.

In October 2011, the film was released on Netflix under the title The Ghost of Lord Farquaad as a part of DreamWorks Spooky Stories with a Fourth wall break removed and music added to the end credits.

A comic adaptation of the film was featured as issue #1 of the Shrek comic book mini-series published by Dark Horse Comics.

Also the 3-D re-release short film was shown before the 3-D family films in 2011–2012 such as Kung Fu Panda 2, Puss in Boots, and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted in the UK.

It was also released on August 28, 2012, as part of Shrek's Thrilling Tales DVD and DreamWorks Spooky Stories Blu-ray.

Queue
In the Universal Studios parks, guests wait outside the building (housed in a soundstage) where they watch various clips from the first Shrek film running on a loop. The queue also includes multiple posters for fake advertisements for attractions in the Kingdom of Duloc. Guests then enter a dungeon in Duloc where the storyline for the attraction will be revealed.

At Warner Bros. Movie World, the queue began outside the Roxy Theatre and wrapped around the left-hand side of the building into the alleyway. Guests were ushered into the pre-show room where they were given a pair of 3D glasses. A similar set-up occurred at Movie Park Germany.

Pre-show
Participants are given their "OgreVision" 3-D Goggles as they enter a dungeon-like room with two giant television screens on either side. While loading the pre-showroom attraction presenters commonly tell jokes to encourage people to move closer to each other in order to fit the capacity audience in the room. The pre-show begins with the Three Little Pigs, Gingy, and Pinocchio revealing that Lord Farquaad has kidnapped them and is holding them in Castle Duloc's dungeon. Gingy flees in the middle of the explanation. The Magic Mirror begins to summarize the story of what happened before (i.e. the first Shrek film) by stating "A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away..." as a spoof on Star Wars. When he is chastised, he quickly responds, "Sorry...I've been feeling really spaced out lately...". After the Mirror finishes, Farquaad appears and states that he intends to torture the fairytale creatures as well as the audience in order to find Shrek and Fiona. The monitor screen later shows a test card with Lord Farquaad in the center. The Mirror then warns the audience about safety. In the Hollywood version, the 2015 refurbishment added Donkey appeared in audio animatronic form and interacted with the guests. With the addition of Donkey, the pre show was shorter in which it did not feature the recap of the story. Everything else was the same. In the Japan version, the Mirror tells the audience to put on their goggles. The cinema doors are then opened and guests take their seats in the theatre.

Main show
The main ride has the riders watch the short film with their OgreVision 3-D Googles in the theatre, while special effects simulate interaction with the events of the film. Although the animation is 3-D, the ride is a 4-D film, which incorporates physical effects including motion seats which tilt forward, backward, vibrate, and raise up and drop down during the show. Water sprayers are attached to the back of each seat, to spray the face of the rider sitting behind it. Water sprayers on the ceiling spray riders seated on the front row. Multiple lighting effects are used, such as projected images of a moving waterfall on the walls, or "magical" sparkles of flickering light. Air blasters on the front of every seat blow air against riders neck and head. Leg ticklers are also used to simulate spiders crawling across the theater. Stationary seats, which do not move during the film, are marked and available for those who want to watch the film without the motion or vibration. Every other effect is available for the stationary seats.

When the film ends, the fairy shot off with the champagne cork lands up in a speaker attached to the wall of the theater. In the Japan version, the screen splits open for guests to step through the post-show area leading to the gift shop.

Spin-off attractions
A number of spin-off attractions operate alongside Shrek 4-D in various amusement parks.

In Universal Studios Florida, Donkey's Photo Finish was a meet and greet attraction that opened in 2003 alongside the film, replacing Stage 54. The attraction consisted of guests walking up to an animatronic Donkey who mingled with and made fun of them. The guests had their picture taken with Donkey, and then moved onto meeting Shrek and Princess Fiona, the latter of whom talked to them. Guests then had their picture taken for purchase with Shrek and Fiona. The attraction temporarily closed in June 2012 to make way for Transformers: The Ride 3D, before reopening in a new location next to Monsters Cafe (now known as Minion Cafe) before that area closed alongside the attraction on January 10, 2022. It was relocated to the Woody WoodPecker's KidZone area on July 14, 2022, replacing The Barney Shop, a gift shop located near the former A Day in the Park with Barney live show. Five months after, on November 1, 2022, Universal Studios Florida announced that the meet and greet area, alongside Fievel's Playland, DreamWorks Destination, Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster, and Curious George Goes to Town, would close permanently on January 16, 2023, with its last day of operation the day before on January 15, 2023. A new meet and greet hosted at a recreation of Shrek's swamp home, featuring a refreshed Donkey puppet, opened with DreamWorks Land on June 14, 2024 as Shrek's Swamp Meet. A similar attraction is located at Universal Studios Hollywood named Meet Shrek and Donkey.

In Universal Studios Singapore, Shrek 4-D exists within the larger Far Far Away themed area. Other attractions in the area include Donkey Live (an interactive live show using digital puppetry technology, which features Donkey entertaining and engaging guests in conversation in an intimate theater setting), Enchanted Airways (a junior roller coaster that features trains modelled after Dragon), Puss in Boots' Giant Journey (a roller coaster with suspended ride vehicles, featuring Puss in Boots as he runs from a giant goose) and Magic Potion Spin (a miniature ferris wheel for children which is themed to be a part of a potion assembly line).

During the attraction's time at Warner Bros. Movie World, a short-lived live show named Shrek Live was shown in the park's Show Stage.

title: Shrek 4-D


text:
User talk:Gokulachithral

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics!

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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:09, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gokulachithral


text:
Holger Pedersen (astronomer)

Holger Pedersen (born 3 November 1946), Emeritus at the Niels Bohr Institute is a Danish astronomer at the European Southern Observatory. He specialises in gamma-ray bursts, meteorites and minor planets.

Asteroids 9266 Holger and 3312 Pedersen are named after him.

Amateur archaeology
In his earlier years, Pedersen was a keen amateur archaeologist on the Danish island of Funen. In this capacity, in 1985 as a gift to the Odense City Museums 125 year jubilee, he donated a sum of money for the creation of a legate for education of fellow amateur archaeologists.

2015 Discovery of astronomical photographs
In 2015 Pedersen discovered a collection in the archives of the Bohr Institute of more than 150 photographic plates of astronomical observations, shot from 1895 to 1957. The glass plates were well preserved and clear shots of lunar eclipses, the stellar constellations and the passing of the 1957 Comet Arend–Roland. Pedersen called the find exciting, as per their being archaeoastronomy, showing how humans saw the sky a century ago. Especially interesting among the plates in the collection is a rare copy of a plate of a solar eclipse shot in 1919 by English astronomer Arthur Eddington.

title: Holger Pedersen (astronomer)


text:
Tokelau national rugby league team

The Tokelau national rugby league team represents Tokelau in rugby league football and first participated in international competition in 1986.

Tokelau has participated four times in the Pacific Cup: in 1986, 1988, 1992 and 2006.

Tokelau is expected to make a return to international Rugby League with the planned introduction of a new formalise the structure for Rugby League. It's envisaged from this symposium that rugby league will be able to officially form the Tokelau Rugby League Association (TRLA). The TRLA will be the driving force behind Tokelau's rugby league development and also allow the game to receive support from the Tokelau government. In December 2011 the Tokelau National Sports Coordinator made contact with the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF) to express their ambitions to come back to the rugby league fold. After the TRLA is formalised in February/March 2012 the first goal of the body is to obtain membership of the Asia Pacific Rugby League Confederation (APRLC).

Heritage Players

 * Sam Panapa
 * Francis Meli
 * Vince Mellars
 * Alehana Mara
 * Marvin Filipo
 * Bureta Faraimo
 * Renouf Atoni
 * Tyrell Fuimaono
 * Jamayne Isaako

Results

 * Note: The Winning team is given first.

Pacific Cup 1986

 * Western Samoa 34–12 Tokelau
 * Tonga 26–22 Tokelau

Pacific Cup 1988

 * Cook Islands 19–10 Tokelau
 * Western Samoa 40–18 Tokelau

Pacific Cup 1992

 * Tokelau 26–18 American Samoa
 * Australia Aborigines 46–18 Tokelau
 * New Zealand Māori 34–18 Tokelau
 * Tokelau 44–8 Norfolk Island
 * Tokelau beat Cook Islands (9-aside)
 * Tokelau 8 beat American Samoa 8 (9-aside semi Final)
 * Winners of the 9-aside Final Tokelau 18 v Fiji 18

Pacific Cup 2006

 * Tonga 62–0 Tokelau
 * New Zealand Māori 64–4 Tokelau
 * Tokelau 34–28 Samoa

Pacific Games 2019 (rugby league 9s)

 * Cook Islands 22–4 Tokelau
 * Cook Islands 22–20 Tokelau
 * Solomon Islands 24–18 Tokelau
 * Tokelau 8–4 Solomon Islands
 * Fiji 30–4 Tokelau

title: Tokelau national rugby league team


text:
User talk:Callidus22

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics!

You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

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 * Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages.
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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:09, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Jccc.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jccc.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an arguement why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 18:53, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Callidus22


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dolbydesigns.com

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:11, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Dolbydesigns.com
Reads like an advertisement, not an encyclopedia article. --Mysidia 05:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete ad. They specialize in SEO.. ugh. Rhobite 05:40, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Reads like a collective resume. No Alexa rank.  Delete and send it to BD2412's Wiki-Hell. —Cryptic (talk) 05:44, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete "We have; Our; We have" Crass commercialism, total POV if nothing else. Hamster Sandwich 06:05, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete Blatent Canadian advertising. - Eric 08:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Advertising not a WP:CSD, unfortunately, unless it is a single external link (or a list of external links is usually speedied too). -Splash 21:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn advert. Google only gets one hit - their site. -Splash 21:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Stumax

Welcome
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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:10, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stumax


text:
User talk:Acefox

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics!

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Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Classical Planets
Hi. I notice you recently created a page on the topic of Classical Planets. It has a lot of overlap with Naked eye planets, so I have suggested a merge. If you feel like there's a compelling reason to have a separate article, I hope you will make a case on one of the articles' talk pages.

Medusa
Hi, you somewhat recently added a lot of new info to the Medusa article. I had to remove most of it because it was, unfortunately filled with utter nonsense. I know some people seem to think Medusa was beautiful and with snake hair, but that absolutely is not how she was originally portrayed. A lot of the other stuff you put seemed to be bizarre modern feminist philosophy completely divorced from the actual mythology. DreamGuy 04:22, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Acefox


text:
Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic

The Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic cycling race is a one-day road bicycle race. The race started in 1895 and is Australia's oldest one day race and the world's second oldest one day race, after the Liège–Bastogne–Liège Classic. Historically until 1938 the race started in Warrnambool and finished 165 mi later in Melbourne. In 1895 the race was run in the opposite direction, from Melbourne to Warrnambool and then again from 1939. The route started in the Melbourne central business district and followed the Princes Highway to Warrnambool on Victoria's western coast. This traditional route was the longest race on the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) calendar, the exact distance varying slightly over time.

The race was a handicap event from 1895 to 1995, with riders leaving Melbourne at different intervals. From 1996 the race has been conducted as a Scratch Race with a mass start with up to 250 entrants, categorized into A, B, C, and D grades over a distance of 267 km. In 2004 it was changed to 299.1 km. In the towns on route there are now sprint points to be earned for a sprint champion competition. With six climbs during the day, a King of the Mountains championship is also at stake.

While the race usually attracts Australia's best locally based road cyclists, the increasing number of Australians racing for European-based professional teams have rarely entered since 2010. The race is also open to amateur club cyclists who race for the prizes in the secondary grades, or just to finish before the designated cutoff time.

In 2009 the race start was shifted to Werribee, on Melbourne's outer south-western outskirts, and the race distance shortened to 258 km. Several additional hills were added to the route near Camperdown. The primary difficulty of the race remains its length and the strong crosswinds which affect the course. There was no race in 2018 as the event moved from its October date in 2017 to be held in February 2019. The course was also changed, starting at Avalon Airport, through Geelong, Winchelsea, Colac and Port Campbell, before finishing in Warrnambool.

History
In 1895 Don Charlston conceived the first race after riding from Warrnambool to Melbourne in a personal time trial. The first race was held on 5 October 1895 and won by New Zealander Andrew Calder in 11 hours 44 minutes, with a two-hour handicap start for the 165-mile trip. He suffered a puncture near Geelong which lost him 20 minutes, but crossed the line with a lead of 31 minutes. The fastest time during this first race was recorded by Jim Carpenter from scratch who took 10 hours 52 minutes and finished in 4th place. Of the 50 riders that entered, 24 started and only 7 finished the race. A second race occurred ten weeks later over the same distance.

From 1901 to 1939 the title of Long Distance Road Champion of Australasia was awarded with the Blue Riband to the fastest time over the full distance of 165 mi. Riders attended from all over Australia and New Zealand. From 1902 the fastest NSW rider in the Goulburn to Sydney Classic was selected to appear for NSW. In 1923 a sprint point was introduced for the first 100 mi. The first winner was Jack Beasley from Fitzroy in what was claimed as a world record time of 4h 37' 57".

In 1927 the Warrnambool to Melbourne was replaced by the Dunlop Grand Prix, a 690.5 mi race over four stages, with the 4th stage being from Warrnambool to Melbourne. In 1934 the Warrnambool to Melbourne was again replaced by a stage race, the Centenary 1000, a 1,102 miles (1,773 km) race over seven stages, with the 1st stage being from Melbourne to Warrnambool. In 1946, the first year following the end of the second World War, the Warrnambool to Melbourne was replaced by the Victorian Cycling Grand Prix held over 195 mi from Bendigo to Melbourne, the longest and richest one day event held in Australia that year.

From 1947 to 1949 the title of 150-mile Professional Road Champion of Australia was awarded at a sprint point 150 mi into the Warrnambool to Melbourne. From 1950 the Australian national road race title was run as a separate event.

Olympic medal winning cyclist, Dean Woods, set the race record time of 5 hours and 12 minutes in 1990 over the shorter distance than the race is presently 267 km in 1990.

In 1995 a monument commemorating the race winners was unveiled near the finish line on Raglan Parade, Warrnambool by two times Blue Riband Winner, Sir Hubert Opperman. An honour board was added in 2001 in acknowledgement of the many volunteers involved in the race.

The first woman known to have entered the race was Pauline Walters in 1979. She did not complete the race on her first attempt, but in 1980 Walters and Beryl Burton became the first two women to finish the race. In 2015, the Melbourne to Warrnambool established a separate category for female entrants in an effort by Cycling Victoria to make cycling more female friendly. In 2022, a separate women's race, the Warrnambool Women's classic, was added. The inaugural Women's Warrnambool Classic in 2022 was won by Maeve Plouffe.

In 2021 the race was scheduled for 13 February. However, the day before the race it was postponed due to a snap lockdown declared by the Victorian government to control a coronavirus outbreak. The race was rescheduled to 1 May.

Male Winners 1996 onwards
From 1996 the race was run as a scratch race.

Female Winners
From 2015 females were awarded official prizes.

Women's Warrnambool Cycling Classic Winners
From 2022 a separate race for women was held.

title: Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic


text:
Talk:Stephen Breyer

Hovercard image
The image on the hovercard or page preview for this article is a generic collage of photographs of American politicians such as Barack Obama and Nancy Pelosi (no Stephen Breyer) it appears to be the image for the section of the article saying that it is part of a series on modern liberalism. While I understand that it is an algorithm that chooses the photos, it seems like it would be better if there was a photo of Breyer on the hovercard, or no photo. Is there a way to change this?

Helenteds (talk) 02:59, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing this out. This appears to be a problem for all justices using Template:modern liberalism in the United States sidebar. I reproduced the problem for all liberal justices (see here for list of justices). I'm not sure what's wrong but I'll keep an eye on this and ask around. Airplaneman (talk) ✈ 04:45, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I talked to someone on WP:DISCORD which resulted in this change. Apparently, the hovercard problem appears to be a quirk with mw:Extension:PageImages. Hopefully, blacklisting the image from the extension will fix things soon. Airplaneman (talk) ✈ 16:23, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 8 April 2021
Can somebody please add this to the bottom of the page:

Thank You! 2601:40A:8480:1750:5DDE:F0C3:44DE:E258 (talk) 19:09, 8 April 2021 (UTC)
 * What is it? Ruslik_ Zero 12:26, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
 * It's the court composition template. Thank You!
 * These templates have been deleted. Liz Read! Talk! 04:48, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Sounds like he plans to retire per the news channel today?
It's what I saw on NBC. Lazarus1255 (talk) 17:01, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

So one news channel report based on anonymous sources makes it true? At this point isn't it still speculation until an official announcement is made? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 106.72.37.128 (talk) 23:57, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

List KBJ as successor in infobox
Per Breyer's letter to Biden in January, he is retiring from the Court. The Senate voted on her nomination and the question was "Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States." There is a commission for Jackson that just needs to be signed by the President once Breyer retires. She is a designate-justice now. It's even listed on KBJ's own Wikipedia page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pennsylvania2 (talk • contribs)
 * For now I added KBJ as a commented-out line of wikicode within the infobox transclusion, along with a note reminding editors to keep it commented out until his retirement becomes real & final. ‐‑🌀SilSinnAL982100💬 03:11, 25 June 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 June 2022
In light of his retirement, please update the order of precedence succession box to the following:

67.173.23.66 (talk) 17:25, 30 June 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Completed by: Upton Liptrot. Terasail [✉] 20:22, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stephen Breyer