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Help! (song)

"Help!" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that served as the title song for the 1965 film and the band's accompanying soundtrack album. It was released as a single in July 1965, and was number one for three weeks in the United States and the United Kingdom. Credited to Lennon–McCartney, "Help!" was written by John Lennon with some assistance from Paul McCartney. During an interview with Playboy in 1980, Lennon recounted: "The whole Beatles thing was just beyond comprehension. I was subconsciously crying out for help".

The song was ranked at number 29 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2004 and 2010, and then was re-ranked at number 447 in the 2021 list. In 2008, the 1965 Capitol Records recording of "Help!" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.

Composition
The documentary series The Beatles Anthology revealed that Lennon wrote the lyrics of the song to express his stress after the Beatles' quick rise to success. "I was fat and depressed and I was crying out for 'Help, Lennon told Playboy. Writer Ian MacDonald describes the song as the first crack in the protective shell Lennon had built around his emotions during the Beatles' rise to fame, and an important milestone in his songwriting style.

In the 1970 Rolling Stone "Lennon Remembers" interviews, Lennon said that the song was one of his favourites among the Beatles songs he wrote. In these interviews, Lennon said he felt that "Help!" and "Strawberry Fields Forever" were his most honest, genuine Beatles songs and not just songs "written to order". According to Lennon's cousin and boyhood friend Stanley Parkes, "Help!" was written after Lennon "came in from the studio one night. 'God,' he said, 'they've changed the title of the film: it's going to be called 'Help!' now. So I've had to write a new song with the title called 'Help!'."

According to McCartney, he was called in "to complete it", providing the "countermelody" arrangement, on 4 April 1965 at Lennon's house in Weybridge.

Recording
The Beatles recorded "Help!" in 12 takes on 13 April 1965 using four-track equipment. The first nine takes concentrated on the instrumental backing. The descending lead guitar riff that precedes each verse proved to be difficult, so by take 4 it was decided to postpone it for an overdub. To guide the later overdub by George Harrison, Lennon thumped the beat on his acoustic guitar body, which can be heard in the final stereo mix. Lead and backing vocals were recorded twice onto take 9, along with a tambourine. A reduction mix was applied to the two vocal tracks, taking three attempts (takes 10 to 12), freeing up a track for the lead guitar overdub. This was the group's first use of two 4-track machines for "bouncing".

The vocals were re-recorded for the film during a session on 24 May 1965 at CTS Studios, a facility specializing in post-synchronisation. In addition to attempting a better vocal performance, the session might have been done to eliminate the tambourine (which had been on the same track as the vocals) since no tambourine appeared in the film sequence. With the new vocals, a mono mix was created at CTS Studios which was used for the film soundtrack. Mixes for record releases were prepared on 18 June. For the mono version, Martin decided to use a mix of the opening chorus of take 12 edited to the remainder of the CTS film mix. Because all instruments were combined on a single track for the CTS session, it could not be used for a stereo mix, so the stereo mix was made from take 12.

This film version of the song was only heard on the original VHS releases of the movie, later replaced by the stereo mixes. A true release was never issued. New mixes were created for releases of the Help! CD (1987), the Love album (2006), and the Help! DVD (2007).

Releases
"Help!" went to number 1 on both the UK and US singles charts in late summer 1965. It was the fourth of six number 1 singles in a row on the American charts: "I Feel Fine", "Eight Days a Week", "Ticket to Ride", "Help!", "Yesterday" and "We Can Work It Out". At the following year's Ivor Novello Awards, "Help!" was named as the second best-selling single of 1965, behind "We Can Work It Out". "Help!" was nominated in four categories at the 1966 Grammy Awards but failed to win in any of them.

The song appears on the Help! LP, the US Help! soundtrack, 1962–1966, the Imagine: John Lennon soundtrack, 1, Love, and The Capitol Albums, Volume 2. The mono version (with different vocals and no tambourine) was included on the Beatles' Rarities LP and in The Beatles in Mono collection. The American soundtrack album included a James Bond-type introduction to the song, followed by a caesura just before the opening lyric. No such introduction appeared on the British soundtrack album, nor was it included in the released single in either country.

Although Lennon was proud of "Help!" and the honesty it conveyed, he expressed regret that the Beatles had recorded it at such a fast tempo in the interests of giving the track more commercial appeal. Music critic Dave Marsh disagreed, saying: "'Help!' isn't a compromise; it's bursting with vitality … [Lennon] sounds triumphant, because he's found a group of kindred spirits who are offering the very spiritual assistance and emotional support for which he's begging. Paul's echoing harmonies, Ringo's jaunty drums, the boom of George's guitar speak to the heart of Lennon's passion, and though they cannot cure the wound, at least they add a note of reassurance that he's not alone with his pain."

Cash Box described "Help!" as a "hard-driving, rollicking ode about a poor lad who loses some of his independence after he becomes involved with a new gal" that is "sure of garnering instantaneous sales acceptance." Upon the single release, Record World correctly predicted that it would go to #1.

Promotional films
The Beatles filmed the title performance for the movie Help! on 22 April 1965. The same footage (without the darts and credits seen in the film sequence) was used as a clip to promote the release of the single. It was shown starting in July 1965 on programmes such as Top of the Pops and Thank Your Lucky Stars. They made another promotional clip of "Help!" on 23 November 1965 for inclusion in the year-end recap special of Top of the Pops. Directed by Joseph McGrath, the black-and-white clip shows the group miming to the song while sitting astride a workbench. Starr holds an umbrella overhead throughout the song, which becomes useful as fake snow falls during the final verse. The November 1965 promo was included in the Beatles' 2015 video compilation 1.

Live performances
The Beatles performed "Help!" live on the 1 August 1965 broadcast of Blackpool Night Out, which was included in the Anthology 2 album and shown during The Beatles Anthology documentary. On 14 August, the group recorded a live performance of "Help!" and five other songs for The Ed Sullivan Show, broadcast the following month; the show is available on the DVD The 4 Complete Ed Sullivan Shows Starring The Beatles.

"Help!" was included in the set list for The Beatles' 1965 US tour. The 15 August performance at Shea Stadium was seen in the 1966 documentary The Beatles at Shea Stadium, although the audio for the song was re-recorded prior to release. The group's 29 August performance at the Hollywood Bowl was chosen for the 1977 album The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl. The final live concert performances of "Help!" took place on The Beatles' 1965 UK tour in December.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:

 * John Lennon – double-tracked vocals, twelve-string rhythm guitar
 * Paul McCartney – backing vocals, bass guitar
 * George Harrison – backing vocals, lead guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine

Weekly charts
The song reached number one in several other countries in 1965 according to charts listed in Billboard's "Hits of the World" feature at the time: Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, and Sweden.

Bananarama version
British girl group Bananarama covered the song with comedians French & Saunders and Kathy Burke, who were credited as Lananeeneenoonoo, which is a spoof of the Bananarama name. The song was released in February 1989 as the Red Nose Day single to raise money for Comic Relief. It was then included on the 1989 re-release of Bananarama's Greatest Hits Collection album. The single peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart and was a Top-10 hit in several countries.

Background and release
In December 1988, comedy duo French and Saunders did a Christmas special sketch that poked fun at Bananarama, with Dawn French playing a character based on Keren Woodward and Jennifer Saunders playing Sara Dallin. Guest comedian Kathy Burke played a character based on Jacquie O'Sullivan. The sketch featured the trio recording music, being interviewed and making a video.

French said she and Saunders were fans of Bananarama, and researched the sketch by watching interviews and talking to sources close to the band. Bananarama said they "saw [the sketch] before it was even on television" and "everyone thought we would be furious... but we really laughed. It was hilarious". O'Sullivan described the sketch, which depicted a sometimes hostile dynamic towards her often drunk character, as accurate.

After the sketch, Comic Relief decided to get in touch with French and Saunders to ask if they would do a single with Bananarama, so long as the latter would agree to it, which they did "without hesitation".

The single was then released in February for the second Red Nose Day. Two-thirds of money from the sales of the single went to relief work in Africa, with the other third going to fight homelessness and drug and alcohol abuse in the UK and Ireland. With the huge popular success of Red Nose Day, the single was also a hit, peaking at number 3 in the UK on the week of Red Nose Day (10 March) and staying at that position the following week. This meant it became Bananarama's joint highest-charting song, along with "Robert De Niro's Waiting" and "Love in the First Degree".

"Help!" was released with a B-side different version of the song, entitled as the bracketed "Straight Version" which removed the comedic parts by Lananeeneenoonoo. The 12-inch single featured another collaboration with Lananeeneenoonoo, "Love In The Factory", which was an improvised conversation sketch comedy featuring the two groups meeting in the studio.

For the 7-inch single release in Europe (outside of the UK) and Japan, the sides were switched, with the "Straight Version" of the song on the A-side. This was due to the fact the three comedians were not so well known outside of the UK.

Music video
The comedic music video was directed by Andy Morahan and features the members of Bananarama and Lananeeneenoonoo all dressed in matching outfits. Their choreographed performance of the song is interspersed with scenes of the two groups attempting to ski and ride kick scooters around the film studio. Several shirtless male backup dancers — credited as Bassie, Norman, and Paul — accompany them as they perform the song. Lananeeneenoonoo are featured with dialogue in the recording studio, and the production team look on in despair at their attempts at backing vocals.

Track listings
7-inch: London / LON 222 (UK)
 * 1) "Help!" – 2:58
 * 2) "Help" (Straight Version) – 2:22

7-inch: London / 886 492-7 / SOOP 1111 (Europe & Japan)
 * 1) "Help!" (Straight version) – 2:22
 * 2) "Help!" (Comedy version) – 2:58

12-inch: London / LONX 222 (UK)
 * 1) "Help!" (Extended version) – 6:31
 * 2) "Love In The Factory" (Extended version) – 4:17

CD: London / LONCD 222 (UK)
 * 1) "Help!" – 2:58
 * 2) "Help" (Straight version) – 2:22
 * 3) "Love In The Factory" (Extended version) – 4:17

CD Mini: London / 886 598-3 / P00L 40008 (Germany & Japan)
 * 1) "Help" (Straight Version) – 2:22
 * 2) "Help!" – 2:58

Personnel
Musicians
 * Sara Dallin – vocals
 * Jacquie O'Sullivan – vocals
 * Keren Woodward – vocals
 * Dawn French – backing vocals
 * Jennifer Saunders – backing vocals
 * Kathy Burke – backing vocals
 * Matt Aitken – guitar, keyboards
 * Mike Stock – keyboards
 * George De Angelis – additional keyboards
 * As on other Stock Aitken Waterman productions, the drummer is credited as 'A. Linn' (based on the Linn 9000)

Technical
 * Karen Hewitt, Yoyo – engineering
 * Pete Hammond – mixing
 * Chris McDonnell, Gordon Dennis, Jason Barron, Pete Day, Steve Davies – assistant mixing
 * Terry O'Neill – photography

Other cover versions

 * John Farnham released a much-slower tempo, piano-based ballad version of the song in 1980. His version peaked at No. 8 on the Australian Kent Music Report singles chart.
 * Tina Turner recorded a version of Farnham's arrangement of the song. This was recorded prior to, and then included on, her 1984 album Private Dancer. Her version was a top forty hit in several countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands, and the UK.
 * The singer Howie Day recorded the song for the soundtrack of the 2001 film I Am Sam.
 * Punk rock band The Damned covered it as the b-side of their debut single New Rose.

title: Help! (song)


text: User talk:68.51.191.156

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Talk:Cannae

This is my favorite page on Wikipedia. Thoroughly depressing in every regard. Please never change it. --B. Phillips 14:38, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Um... why? Brutannica 01:51, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

How can Roman ruins be unimportant? -Colin MacDonald

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PUNE

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was 'delete. Joyous (talk) 18:15, July 25, 2005 (UTC)===PUNE=== No content that should be merged to Pune; and even the title does not need to be redirected in my opinion. Delete -- Marcika 14:39, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Marcika. Ken 15:14, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

This is an article about a well-known city in India. More information will be provided by myself on this city on this site. Plz dont delete. Undelete--Munira
 * The article Pune already exists though, as already mentioned. This page is therefore redundant.
 * Undelete is not a valid option. It also makes no sense.
 * Speedy Delete --TheParanoidOne 15:15, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete and I suggest the author of the page do a little more reading of Wikipedia guidelines on articles. Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 17:57, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Pune, why not. Dcarrano 18:55, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * In case someone's shift/caps-lock key breaks I suppose? =) Sasquatch′↔Talk↔Contributions 23:00, July 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, what does it hurt exactly? 210.84.240.166 03:57, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Sasquatch. JamesBurns 08:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Marcika. -  Introvert   talk  00:16, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

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User:Abumadhi@hotmail.com

i want to obtain research in fluid mechanics

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text: User talk:68.89.205.220

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User:Waseem7

My personal page

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text: User talk:82.40.161.78

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The Night Before (song)

"The Night Before" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1965 film Help! and soundtrack album of the same name. It was written primarily by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. Described as a pop rock or rock and roll song, its lyrics reflect on the singer's last night with his lover before being abandoned.

Recorded in February 1965, "The Night Before" was the first Beatles song to feature electric piano, played by John Lennon. Its film sequence was shot the following May, showing the band miming to the track on Salisbury Plain. The Beatles only played the song live once, during their final BBC Radio performance. In contemporary interviews, McCartney said that it was one of his favorite songs from the Help! film and one of the Beatles' best recordings up to that point. Critics have given it mixed reviews, with some praising it while others dismiss it as insignificant. Many fans consider it one of the Beatles' best early songs. George Martin, Herbie Mann, Josie Cotton, and Restless Heart are among the artists who have covered it.

Background and recording
Neither Paul McCartney nor John Lennon had strong memories about writing "The Night Before". Although the song is credited to the Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership, both identified it as being written primarily by McCartney. McCartney recalled writing it at the apartment of his then girlfriend Jane Asher and her family, at 57 Wimpole Street in central London.

The Beatles recorded "The Night Before" on 17 February 1965 during the third session for the soundtrack of their second feature film, Help!, in which they also recorded George Harrison's song "You Like Me Too Much". Recording in EMI's Studio Two, George Martin produced the session, assisted by engineers Norman Smith and Ken Scott. The band achieved a satisfactory basic track in two takes, featuring McCartney singing and playing bass, Ringo Starr on drums, Harrison playing rhythm guitar on his Gretsch Tennessean, and Lennon playing a Hohner Pianet electric piano, the first time the instrument was used on a Beatles recording.

The band overdubbed several parts onto take two. McCartney double-tracked his vocal, Lennon and Harrison added backing vocals, Starr added maracas to the bridge, and McCartney and Harrison – the former of whom using his new Epiphone Casino – played a dual guitar solo, doubling each other in octaves. McCartney was pleased with the final recording, telling Melody Maker, "that sound was one of the best [we] had got on record, instrumentally."

On 18 February 1965, Martin, Smith, and Scott mixed the song for mono in the control room of Studio Two. Smith and engineer Malcolm Davies remixed it for stereo on 23 February. On 18 April in EMI's Room 65, another stereo remix was made by Martin, Smith, and Phil McDonald for the film company United Artists, but it was never used.

Composition
"The Night Before" has been described as a pop rock or rock and roll song that also draws from blues and R&B. It is mainly in the key of D major, with a brief modulation to G major in the bridge, and is in common time. According to music scholar Terence J. O'Grady, the "most notable" element of the song's composition is the I–♭VII–IV–V chord progression used in the verses, as the Beatles had never used it before despite it being very popular among their contemporaries. The melody in the verses is shared between the lead and backing vocal parts, a technique musicologist Alan W. Pollack likens to a hocket and biographer Jonathan Gould says prefigures the "increasingly complex and conversational" vocal arrangements in the Beatles' later songs. O'Grady writes that the verse's "blueslike intensity" is contrasted by the more complex melody in the bridge, which peaks with a high A note on the line, "It makes me wanna cry".

Lyrically, Gould writes that "The Night Before" relates to "the age-old pop theme of an overnight change of heart", with the singer reflecting on the previous night before his lover left him. Music journalist Steve Turner suggests that this may have been inspired by McCartney's tumultuous relationship with Asher. Pollack writes that the song is comparable to "Yesterday" – written by McCartney around the same time – in that both protagonists wish to reverse their relationships by one day; however, while "Yesterday" expresses "grim resignation, ["The Night Before"] openly begs for another chance." Writer Kevin Courrier compares the song with a contemporaneous song by Lennon, "Yes It Is", noting that "where Lennon wishes to rid himself of memories of loss... McCartney wants to hold on to the happy thoughts of the night before, even if it means he's being abandoned."

Film sequence
"The Night Before" was one of seven songs selected by director Richard Lester for use in Help! The song's film sequence was shot over 3–5 May 1965 and consists of the band miming to the track on Salisbury Plain. The scene depicts an outdoor recording session, with a makeshift control booth and recording equipment set up in an open field. The film's premise involves Starr being targeted for assassination by a cult. In line with this, the Beatles perform the song under protection of the British 3rd Royal Tank Regiment, surrounded by soldiers and Centurion tanks. "She's a Woman" is also used in the scene, as the character Ahme is shown attempting to trick the cultists by playing it on an underground tape recorder surrounded by dynamite. The two songs alternate with respect to the film's action. As "The Night Before" finishes, the dynamite explodes and the band runs for cover.

Release and reception
Help! premiered in the United Kingdom on 29 July 1965, and EMI's Parlophone label released the soundtrack LP on 6 August. "The Night Before" appeared on side one along with the seven other tracks from the film, sequenced between "Help!" and "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away". On 13 August, Capitol released the North American version of the album, with the song sequenced between "Help!" and "From Me To You Fantasy" from Ken Thorne's score. In a contemporary interview, McCartney said that "The Night Before" was one of his favorite songs from the film and that the band struggled deciding whether it or "Ticket to Ride" should have been the lead single.

Critically, Beatles biographer Hunter Davies evaluates "The Night Before" as a "middling" song that "critics have had little to say about, not seeing much to praise, or much to attack". In his book Revolution in the Head, Ian MacDonald criticizes the song's musical and lyrical content as "only fair mainstream pop of its period." Mark Hertsgaard dismisses it as a "throwaway" while Patrick Humphries and Peter Doggett deem Lennon's use of electric piano to be the only novel element of the song. Conversely, Richie Unterberger of AllMusic considers "The Night Before" to be a "first-rate romantic pop-rock song" and Kevin Courrier praises it as one of McCartney's underappreciated compositions. Rolling Stone ranked it at number 49 in a list of the 100 greatest Beatles songs, the editors writing: "For any other band, a pop gem as magnificent as 'The Night Before' would have turned into a career-making hit single, if not the foundation of a legend. But for the Beatles, it was just another great album track". The song has also been reappraised by fans as one of the Beatles' best early songs, with a 2014 readers' poll conducted by the magazine ranking it their ninth best song from before Rubber Soul.

Other versions
British law in the 1960s compelled BBC Radio to play material recorded especially for the medium. In keeping with this practice, the Beatles recorded their only live rendition of "The Night Before" for the BBC Light Programme The Beatles (Invite You to Take a Ticket to Ride) on 26 May 1965. As well as being the band's last performance for a music programme, it was their only BBC session to feature electric piano, used on "The Night Before" along with "Dizzy Miss Lizzy". Of the songs performed during this session, EMI only included "Dizzy Miss Lizzy" and "Ticket to Ride" on the 1994 album Live at the BBC, although the entire broadcast has appeared on bootlegs.

George Martin recorded an instrumental version of the song for his 1965 easy listening album, George Martin and His Orchestra Play Help! American jazz flautist Herbie Mann covered "The Night Before" and "Yesterday" for his 1966 album Today! New wave singer Josie Cotton recorded a cover of "The Night Before" in 1986 – featuring vocals from Stray Cats guitarist Brian Setzer – for her album Everything Is Oh Yeah, which went unreleased until 2019. Country band Restless Heart covered the song for their 2004 reunion album Still Restless, with music critic Al Campbell opining that it "sounds more like mid-'70s America than the Fab Four."

McCartney first performed "The Night Before" in concert during his On the Run tour, beginning on 15 July 2011 at Yankee Stadium. Thomas Connor of the Chicago Sun-Times described it as one of "several unexpected cuts" from the tour, while Bernard Perusse of the Montreal Gazette wrote that its inclusion appealed to "real Beatle geeks" and drew "delighted gasps" from the audience.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald unless stated otherwise:
 * Paul McCartney – double-tracked lead vocals, bass, lead guitar
 * John Lennon – electric piano, harmony vocals
 * George Harrison – rhythm guitar, lead guitar, harmony vocals
 * Ringo Starr – drums, maracas

title: The Night Before (song)


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Nationals Park

Nationals Park is a baseball stadium along the Anacostia River in the Navy Yard neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It is the ballpark of Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals. Since its completion in 2008, it was the first LEED-certified green major professional sports stadium in the United States.

Designed by HOK Sport and Devrouax & Purnell Architects and Planners, the ballpark cost $693 million to build. An additional $84.2 million was spent on transportation, art, and infrastructure upgrades, bringing the total cost to $783.9 million. The stadium has a capacity of 41,373. The Washington Monument and the Capitol building are visible from the upper decks on the first base side of the field.

Nationals Park hosted the 2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first All-Star Game to be played in Washington, D.C., since 1969. It hosted games 3, 4, and 5 of the World Series, the first in the city since.

Location and transportation
Nationals Park is located in the Southeast quadrant of Washington, D.C., on South Capitol Street (a main artery separating Southeast from Southwest Washington) at the Anacostia River waterfront. The ballpark is accessible from Interstate 395 via the Southwest Freeway, and from Interstate 295 via the Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, which carries South Capitol Street across the Anacostia River. The Douglass Bridge was renovated so that South Capitol Street could continue at ground level past the stadium (it was previously 15 ft above ground level).

The primary method of transportation to the stadium is on the Washington Metro system. The stadium is one block from Navy Yard–Ballpark station on the Green Line. The station is located near the park's center field entrance and is heavily used by fans on game day. The station's southern entrance was expanded when the stadium was built, adding an escalator and elevator and moving the farecard mezzanine to street level.

Parking near the stadium is limited. There are 14 Nationals Park-sanctioned parking lots or garages, with a small number of third-party lots nearby. During the 2008 and 2009 seasons, the Nationals ran a free shuttle service (dubbed the "Nats Express") from parking lots at RFK Stadium to Nationals Park on game days.

Several Metrobus routes and the DC Circulator's Eastern Market–L'Enfant Plaza route serve the park. Various other transit options include a water taxi service from Alexandria, Virginia, and Georgetown.

Cyclists are encouraged to ride to the stadium and are offered free valet bicycle parking. Garage C, located next to the ticket windows at the corner of 1st and N Street, houses a free bike valet service where fans are invited to store their bikes during the game. There are also 110 red bike racks on the sidewalks around the ballpark.

Site selection and design
After it was announced that the Expos would leave Montreal, the government of Washington, D.C., began looking for a site for a baseball stadium to lure the team to Washington. After considering sites near RFK Stadium, in NoMA and straddling I-395 at Banneker Park, District officials announced on September 21, 2004, that they had chosen a site near the SE Anacostia waterfront.

Construction
Financing for the stadium was expected to be provided by a banking syndicate led by Deutsche Bank. However, the finalization of the financing deal stalled due to complex negotiations among the city government, MLB as the owner of the team, and the bank. The bank requested a letter of credit or comparable financial guarantee against stadium rent to cover risks such as poor attendance or terrorism. The requested guarantee was $23 million, with the city requesting that MLB provide the guarantee. The financing situation was later solved, and construction began in May 2006.

The site of Nationals Park was chosen by Mayor Anthony Williams as the most viable of four possibilities for a ballpark. The ballpark's design was released to the public at a press conference on March 14, 2006. Groundbreaking was in early 2006. With an ambitious construction schedule of fewer than two years to complete the stadium, a design-build approach was selected to allow the architects and builders to work in concert with one another. Ronnie Strompf, the project superintendent, coordinated the efforts of numerous subcontractors daily.

Opening
The 2008 Washington Nationals season was the team's first in Nationals Park. The George Washington University (GW) and the Nationals announced in February 2008 that the GW Colonials baseball team would play the first game in Nationals Park on March 22, 2008. GW played Saint Joseph's University in an afternoon game and the hometown Colonials had a 9–4 victory over Saint Joseph's.

The Washington Nationals defeated the Baltimore Orioles, 3–0, in an exhibition game on March 29, 2008, in their first game in the ballpark.

The Nationals opened the 2008 MLB season in Nationals Park with a rare one-game series against the Atlanta Braves on March 30, which served as the first official MLB game at the park. True to tradition, President George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. The Nationals defeated the Braves, 3–2, with a walk-off home run from Ryan Zimmerman, giving the Nationals their first opening day win since moving to Washington. Chipper Jones of the Braves hit the first batted ball and first home run, while the Nationals' Cristian Guzman got the first base hit. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Zimmerman's game-winning home run was the third walk-off home run in major-league history to be hit in the first MLB game played at a stadium. The game was the most-watched MLB opening night in the history of ESPN.

In their first season at Nationals Park, the Nationals finished with a league-worst record of 59–102. At home, they drew 29,005 fans per game, placing their average attendance at 19th in MLB.

2009 season
Several ballpark improvement projects were completed by the Nationals during the off-season, including:
 * Expansion of the Red Porch restaurant in center field to include additional tables on both the concourse and field side. Glass windows on the concourse side were replaced with slidable garage doors, opening to a fenced outdoor patio. On the field side, the rear-most row of Center Field Lounge seats was removed, with an outdoor deck featuring tables and chairs installed in its place. New signage was added on the concourse side.
 * Installation of three statues in the ballpark honoring Walter Johnson of the original Washington Senators, Frank Howard of the expansion Senators, and Josh Gibson of the Negro league Washington Homestead Grays, which played many of its games in Washington.
 * A large Washington Nationals hat was added above the entrance to the team store near the center field plaza.
 * New LED message boards were added over the roof of the Center Field Gate, providing information and instructions to fans entering the ballpark.
 * New advertisement panels were attached to the face of the two garages in the center field, with green panels being replaced by white panels. Additional panels showing the team's 2009 promotions and the current lineup were added to the western garage, facing the plaza.

Concessionaire Levy Restaurants replaced Centerplate as the provider of food and beverage at Nationals Park beginning with the 2009 season.

Before the Nationals 2009 home opener on April 13, 2009, at 3 pm, longtime Philadelphia Phillies announcer Harry Kalas was found unconscious in the Nationals Park press box at 12:20 pm. Kalas was rushed to George Washington University Hospital and pronounced dead at 1:20 pm. A moment of silence was held before the game, followed by both Nationals and Phillies fans applauding Kalas in tribute. The Phillies played with a picture of Kalas in their dugout.

On June 4, 2009, Randy Johnson became the 24th pitcher in MLB history to reach 300 wins when the San Francisco Giants beat the Nationals 5–1 at Nationals Park. The game was scheduled to be played the night before, but was delayed due to heavy rain in the DC-area. On July 4, 2009, Adam Dunn became the 123rd player to hit 300 career home runs. The home run came in the 7th inning in a 5–3 win versus the Atlanta Braves.

2010 season
During the All-Star break, the press box was repainted blue to match the color of the seats. On June 8, 2010, pitcher Stephen Strasburg, called the "most hyped and closely watched pitching prospect in the history of baseball", made his first major league appearance, starting a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates before a sold-out crowd at Nationals Park. Strasburg pitched seven innings, giving up two runs and striking out 14 batters, a new team strikeout record.

2011 season
Minor changes before the start of the 2011 season include removing the party tent on top of the LF parking garage to improve views of the U.S. Capitol from upper sections, chrome baseball decorations adorning the outside the stadium, and various signage and concession changes including the departure of Five Guys. Nationals Park also became home of the D.C. Sports Hall of Fame. In June 2011 four new concession stands opened, owned by Danny Meyer's Union Square Hospitality Group: Blue Smoke (barbecue), Box Frites ("Belgian-style fries and dipping sauces"), El Verano Taqueria (Mexican) and Shake Shack (hamburgers, hot dogs, frozen custard). The team has also ended Friday night firework shows and fireworks after home runs and team victories.

2012 season
On May 4, for the series against Philadelphia, the Nationals renamed the park "Natitude Park". This was following their "Take Back the Park" plan, first selling advance tickets to fans in the Washington, D.C., area before opening up ticket sales to other states. This marked a shift from recent years where Phillies fans had flooded the park, as the crowd was predominantly Nationals fans and the team took two of three from their division rivals. On July 4th, 2012 Nationals Park hosted a game on The Fourth of July that notably featured an 11AM start. In every year (except 2020) since 2012 Nationals Park has hosted an 11AM July 4th game. The Nationals made the playoffs for the first time since relocating to Washington in the 2012 season, with Games 3, 4, and 5 of the 2012 National League Division Series against the St. Louis Cardinals being played in Nationals Park. Washington lost the NLDS three games to two.

2013 season
Team owner Theodore N. Lerner approached D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray and other city officials in mid-July 2013 and asked if the city would pay to have a retractable roof built over Nationals Park. After seeing sketches, Gray rejected the proposal at the same meeting. No cost analyses were done before the meeting, although team architects speculated it would cost $300 million. City officials noted that the stadium was not designed for a roof.

2014 season
The Nationals made the playoffs for the second time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1 and 2 of the 2014 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the San Francisco Giants, three games to one.

2015 NHL Winter Classic
On January 1, 2015, Nationals Park hosted the 2015 NHL Winter Classic before a crowd of 42,832 spectators. The Washington Capitals defeated the Chicago Blackhawks, 3–2, after former Blackhawk Troy Brouwer scored the go-ahead goal with 13 seconds remaining in regulation play. This made the Capitals only the second home team to win a Winter Classic and the first to win two Winter Classics, having won in Pittsburgh in 2011.

2015 season
On July 17, 2015, during a regular-season game between the Nationals and the Los Angeles Dodgers, a series of three power outages affected a bank of lights along the park's third base line. The first power outage, which occurred in the bottom of the 4th inning, resulted in a delay of 1 hour and 22 minutes. Play was later resumed as the pitchers retired the next five batters. In the middle of the 5th inning, another power outage occurred, which resulted in a 40-minute delay. The bottom of the 5th inning was later played; at the end of the inning, a third power outage occurred. Due to the power outages, the game was suspended in the top of the 6th inning, with the Nationals leading the Dodgers, 3–2, at that point. The game was resumed the next afternoon, with the Nationals winning against the Dodgers, 5–3.

2016 season
The Nationals made the playoffs for the third time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 of the 2016 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the Los Angeles Dodgers, three games to two.

2017 season
Before the 2017 season, the Nationals added the MGM National Harbor Dugout Club, named for the nearby Maryland casino which opened in December 2016. These seats were added near the first base dugout, in the approximate location where the tarp was stored in previous seasons. The tarp has been moved to the third-base side.

In late September 2017, a new organ was installed at Nationals Park, fulfilling the Washington Nationals organization's long-held goal of upgrading the stadium's organ. The Viscount Sonus 60, priced at $20,000 on European Web sites, was manufactured in Mondaino, Italy, and tuned in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. It was installed in a former radio booth on the second floor of the stadium's press box, replacing a less-capable portable Hammond organ located in a corner of the stadium's sound effects control room. The new location gave the organist a private room for the first time and a better view of the field and crowd.

The Nationals made the playoffs for the fourth time since arriving in Washington. Nationals Park hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 of the 2017 National League Division Series. The Nationals lost the series to the Chicago Cubs three games to two.

2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
Nationals Park hosted the 2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game on July 17. It was the fifth MLB All-Star Game to be played in Washington, D.C., and the first in Washington since 1969. The American League beat the National League 8–6 before 43,843 fans.

2019 World Series
Nationals Park hosted games 3, 4 and 5 of the World Series, the first in the city since. The Nationals lost them all to the Houston Astros, but still won the series in seven games.

2021 shooting
On July 17, 2021, at about 9:30 p.m. EDT, a shooting occurred outside of Nationals Park in Washington, D.C., during a baseball game between the Washington Nationals and the San Diego Padres. Three people were injured. The shooting happened in the middle of the sixth inning with San Diego holding an 8–4 lead. Some fans moved into the teams' dugouts and onto the field while others left the stadium.

Some stadium employees believed the incident to be a drive-by shooting. The Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) reported the shooting occurred at N Street and South Capitol Street SW, near the Third Base Gate.

In a joint statement the following day, Mayor of D.C. Muriel Bowser and Nationals owner Mark Lerner said, "While MPD's investigation is ongoing, it appears the incident involved a dispute between individuals in two vehicles. MPD does not believe the Washington Nationals, the ballpark or fans were the target."

The game was suspended and was completed the following day at 1:05 p.m., before that day's regularly scheduled game, without further incident. The Padres defeated the Nationals, 10–4.

2024 season
The 2024 season saw the heaviest facelift since construction in 2008. A new Daktronics 4,780-square foot jumbotron was installed, along with an upgrade of the ribbon board to 10MM resolution, while ads and LED signage upgrades were also completed. Audio and video upgrades were also completed, expanding the capabilities and speed of the technology providing statistics and information, as well as speaker upgrades that will be completed in phases. In addition, the stadium's lighting was overhauled, with the installation of brand new LED Musco Show-Light® entertainment technology. The new lighting provides brighter lights on existing structures and color changing features for Nationals home runs, wins, and other special occasions.

Features

As of the 2017 season, the ballpark has 41,338 seats and features 79 suites on three levels, all around the infield. Team President Stan Kasten also said that the team might sell the naming rights to the levels of the luxury suites, which currently bear the names of presidents Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln. While the city agreed to spend up to $611 million, Kasten has stated that the principal owners, the Lerner family, spent tens of millions of dollars more on "jazzing up the park". The park has an out-of-town scoreboard, which is 102 ft long, installed in the right-field wall. The main scoreboard, at 101 ft long and 47 ft high, is more than five times the size of the one at RFK Stadium.

On March 13, 2007, Kasten announced that there would be a grove of cherry blossoms located just beyond the left-field bleachers. Kasten stated that the cherry blossoms would provide a look that Americans associate with the nation's capital.

Other distinctive features of the ballpark are the views of the U.S. Capitol from the upper deck. These views have been mostly blocked by new construction in recent years. Fans in the upper deck sitting down the right-field line near the foul pole can get a glimpse of the Washington Monument and the National Cathedral during day games. Several area-based food establishments have concession stands: Ben's Chili Bowl hot dogs, Dogfish Head and Flying Dog Brewery beer.

Another feature, The Budweiser Brew House, is a full-service sit-down restaurant located in center field. It offers some unusual amenities such as salads, along with regular ballpark fare such as burgers and hot dogs. When the stadium first opened in 2008, the restaurant was enclosed by glass windows with a view of the field, which were soon made retractable. The restaurant was eventually expanded to outside the interior, with tables being placed in three rows outside.

The ballpark's press box is named in honor of longtime Washington Post sports columnist and reporter Shirley Povich, cited as a longtime friend of Lerner by the team.

In 2010, the stadium added the Ring of Honor, celebrating players from the Washington Senators (Joe Cronin, Rick Ferrell, Goose Goslin, Clark Griffith, Bucky Harris, Walter Johnson, Harmon Killebrew, Heinie Manush, Sam Rice, and Early Wynn), Negro league Washington Homestead Grays (Cool Papa Bell, Ray Brown, Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, Cumberland Posey, and Jud Wilson), and the Nationals franchise's previous incarnation, the Montreal Expos (Gary Carter and Andre Dawson) who have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Since 2011, a submarine dive horn has blared after every Nationals home run and win—a nod to the park's location in the Navy Yard neighborhood. And as with any World Series victory, as it did in, Queen's "We Are the Champions" is played over the PA.

In September 2018, Nationals Park began using a bullpen cart.

In September 2018, the ashes of John McNamara, a sportswriter killed in the Capital Gazette shooting, were spread in the flowers just over the left-field fence.

In terms of batting park factor ESPN writer Tristan H. Cockcroft has said that "Nationals Park has been remarkably consistent in its neutrality from a run-scoring perspective."

On January 11, 2021, the Nationals announced a partnership agreement with Bet MGM, a subsidiary of MGM Resorts International, to open a sportsbook at Nationals Park. The sportsbook will be accessible from outside the park and located by the Center Field Gate in a space formerly occupied by auxiliary event space Center Field Social. Fans inside the stadium will be able to bet using a mobile device within the stadium and a two-block radius of the ballpark.

Seating
Seating at Nationals Park is divided into over twelve different pricing zones. There are four seating levels: the field level, mezzanine level, gallery level, and upper gallery level.

The stadium features three levels of upscale luxury seating. The largest of the three, the Norfolk Southern Club, is a two-story indoor lounge exclusively for fans with tickets in sections 206–221. The lounge is 33000 sqft and features various food entities, live television broadcasts of the game on dozens of TVs, and views of the Anacostia River. It was previously named the Stars and Stripes Club until the naming rights were purchased by Norfolk Southern Railway in 2014. The PNC Diamond Club, the naming rights of which were purchased by PNC Bank, is on the field level between the two dugouts. It was remodeled and expanded into two floors before the 2016 season. The Delta Sky360 Club seats are located right behind home plate and are the most expensive seats in the stadium and include access to an indoor lounge. It was previously named the Lexus Presidents Club until Delta Airlines purchased the naming rights in 2016.

As features were changed, added, or removed, seating capacity has changed repeatedly since the stadium opened; the number of seats has dropped slightly several times since it opened in 2008. In the inaugural 2008 season, seating capacity was 41,888; as of 2016, the seating capacity is 41,313. The seating capacity increased to 41,339 in 2017. By 2023, the seating capacity had increased to 41,373.

Nationals Park contains a split in the upper deck, a homage to Griffith Stadium.

Non-baseball events
Nationals Park has hosted several non-baseball events, such as concerts and business meetings.

Hockey
On January 1, 2015, the National Hockey League held its "Winter Classic" – the New Year's Day traditional outdoor game – at Nationals Park. A hockey rink was constructed on the field where the home team Washington Capitals hosted the Chicago Blackhawks. The Capitals scored the game-winning goal with 13 seconds left in the 3rd period, defeating the Blackhawks, 3–2.

Concerts
Performers who have held concerts at Nationals Park include Billy Joel, Taylor Swift, Lady Gaga, and Paul McCartney, among others.

Papal Mass
On April 17, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI celebrated Mass at Nationals Park for 47,000 people during his visit to the United States. There were 200,000 requests submitted for tickets to the Mass.

title: Nationals Park


text:
Qeshm Island

Qeshm (Persian language: قشم ) is an arrow-shaped Iranian island in the Strait of Hormuz, separated from the mainland by the Clarence Strait/Khuran in the Persian Gulf (26.83333°N, 56°W). and the largest in the Persian Gulf.

Geography
Qeshm Island is located a few kilometers off the southern Iran shoreline (Persian Gulf), opposite the port cities of Bandar Abbas and Bandar Khamir. The island, which hosts a 300 km2 free zone jurisdiction, is 135 km long and lies strategically in the Strait of Hormuz, just 60 km from the Omani port of Khasab and about 180 km from the UAE's Port Rashid. At its widest point near the center, the island spans 40 km. At its narrowest point, the island spans 9.4 km. The island has a surface area of 1491 km2 and is almost twice the size of Bahrain. The city of Qeshm, located at the easternmost point of the island, is 22 km from Bandar Abbas, while the closest point of the island is but 2 km from the mainland.

The average temperature on the island is approximately 27 °C. The warmest months are June through August, and the coldest from October to January. The average rainfall is 183.2 mm.

The island, comprising 59 towns and villages, had a population of 117,774 at the time of the 2011 Census. The local population is engaged in fishing, dhow construction, trade and services. An additional 30,000 are administrative or industrial workers or students.

Plans have also been made to build a bridge to connect Qeshm with mainland Iran.

Qeshm Island has multiple attractions to attract more domestic and foreign tourists.

Namakdan Salt Cave
At 6.58km long, Namakdan Salt Cave is the longest known salt cave in the world. Both salt and sulphur were mined here traditionally ('namak' is a Farsi word for salt) and it now forms the key geosite within the Qeshm Island UNESCO Global Geopark. The cave is formed within a large salt diapir formed of a succession of strata which dates from the late Proterozoic. It is also a candidate site for inscription on the list of World Heritage Sites. The locality was included within a list of the 'First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites' published in October 2022 on account of its significance to our understanding of tectonics and active geological processes.

History

The earliest evidence of human presence at Qeshm dates back to the Paleolithic Period. Paleolithic stone tools have been found at Bam-e Qeshm. Historical records concerning the Qeshm island date far back into the pre-Islamic era. Names such as Qeshm, Keshm, Kish and Tunb mark the lengthy stay of Ilamids in the area, several centuries BC. It is, apparently, the island called Alexandria or Aracia by Ptolemy (Book 6, Chap. IV), in the 2nd century CE and Alexandria by Ammianus Marcellinus (xxiii.6.42) in the 4th century. On account of its strategic geopolitical situation near the mouth of the Persian Gulf, it has been frequently attacked by invaders including Ilamids (Elamites), Umayyads, and Abbasids as well as the Portuguese, English, and Dutch. Under Sassanian rule the island was called Abarkawan, and was part of the Ardashir-Khwarrah administrative division. According to historical records, Qeshm Island has been famous as a trade and navigation center. Its economy flourished during the Dailamite and Buyid eras, as trade vessels sailed between Qeshm Island and China, India, and Africa.

Explorer William Baffin was mortally wounded on Qeshm in 1622 during a battle against Portuguese forces who occupied the fort, known to the English as "Forte de Queixome".

Qeshm is also a supposed site of the Garden of Eden according to Cassell's Bible.

Iran Air Flight 655
On 3 July 1988, a civilian Iran Air Airbus A300 (Iran Air Flight 655) was shot down by a United States Navy guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes just south of the island, killing all 290 people aboard. The wreckage crashed 2.5 kilometers off Qeshm's southern coast.

Economy
Fishing is a leading occupation practiced by the inhabitants of the island. On what little cultivated land there is, dates and melons are grown. Salt is mined on the southeastern coast. Qeshm is famous for its wide range of ecotourist attractions such as the Hara marine forests. According to environmentalists, about 1.5% of the world birds and 25% of Iran's native birds annually migrate to the forests, which are the first national geo park in Iran. An ancient Portuguese fort, historic mosques, the Seyyed Mozaffar and Bibi Maryam shrines, and various ponds and mangrove forests are among the tourism attractions in the island, which lays across the azure waters of the Persian Gulf. Several domes, salty caves, the preserved area in Shibderaz Village where Hawksbill turtles hatch, as well as numerous docks and wharfs are among the tourist potentials of the island. The Nazz Islands are located at the south wing of Qeshm Island. Oysters, corals, colorful fishes and sea birds in these islands attract many tourists. It is possible to walk toward the island on soft and wet gravel through a gravel connection way between these islands and Qeshm at the time of the ebb.

Qeshm Island underground military facility
On 20 January 2012, OSGEOINT established the completion of an underground military facility at Qeshm island which accordingly could house Iran's Ghadir-Nahang class submarines.

Economy, culture, and education

 * Qeshm Institute of Higher Education
 * Islamic Azad University of Medical Science Qeshm International Branch

Visas
Holders of normal passports travelling as tourists can enter Qeshm without a visa with maximum stay of 30 days (extendable), as of December 2017.

Admission is refused to holders of passports or travel documents containing an Israeli visa or stamp or any data showing that visitor has been to Israel or indication of any connection with the state of Israel during the last 12 months.

title: Qeshm Island


text:
User:Rickety

I emigrated from Crewe in 1980 at age 28 to Utah, marrying a lady from Brigham City. We have 5 children.

My Christian name is Richard; however my friends call me Rick. I am "old", hence the User name Rickety. I also have a blog called Rickety.

title: User:Rickety


text:
I Need You (Beatles song)

"I Need You" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1965 album Help! It was written by George Harrison, the group's lead guitarist, and was the second composition of his to be released by the Beatles. The track appears in their film Help!, in a scene filmed on Salisbury Plain where the group were under military protection from a murderous cult.

Harrison wrote "I Need You" about Pattie Boyd, the English model whom he married in January 1966. Recorded in February 1965 at the start of the sessions for Help!, it features the Beatles' first use of a guitar volume pedal. Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers played the song in tribute to Harrison at the Concert for George in November 2002.

Background and inspiration
George Harrison presented "I Need You", along with "You Like Me Too Much", for consideration for the Beatles' second feature film, Help!, in early 1965. Before this, he had struggled to complete a song since the band recorded his first composition, "Don't Bother Me", for their 1963 album With the Beatles. In a September 1964 press conference, Harrison said he had written three "bits" of songs, but nothing "whole". George Martin, the band's producer, attributed his lack of productivity to the fact that "none of us had liked something he had written", and Harrison had felt disheartened. He subsequently resolved to ensure that his occasional vocal spots on the group's albums were his own compositions rather than Lennon–McCartney songs or cover versions. According to biographer Gary Tillery, Harrison's creativity was most likely inspired by his habitual marijuana use, a legacy of the Beatles' first meeting with Bob Dylan in August 1964.

Harrison wrote "I Need You" about his girlfriend Pattie Boyd, whom he met in March 1964 while the Beatles were filming A Hard Day's Night. Their relationship provided Harrison with a sense of calm amid the frenzy of Beatlemania; for Boyd, however, the jealousy of the band's fans was confronting. The song's lyrics address a time when she left Harrison. Shortly before recording the songs, Harrison routined "I Need You" and "You Like Me Too Much" with John Lennon at the latter's house in Weybridge. The pair worked together into the early hours of the day of Ringo Starr's wedding to Maureen Cox, which took place on 11 February 1965.

Composition
As recorded by the Beatles, the song is in the key of A major. Its distinctive lead guitar cadences were achieved by using a volume pedal and through common guitar suspended chords in the key of A. These form the introduction and most of the verse of the song and give a quasi-modal effect relieved in the verse by a line in the relative minor, the whole making a fourteen-bar ternary verse-structure. This, after a repeat, segues easily into a second bridge melody, which is based on a simple IV-V-I chord progression that passes through the dominant key to resolve back on the verse.

The song has characteristics typical of Harrison's writing style in its syncopated melody line and melodic idiosyncrasy. According to author Ian Inglis, "its rhythmic and tonal structures clearly identify this as a Harrison song, but it is also, indisputably, a Beatles song." Musicologist Dominic Pedler recognises an interesting feature in the use of an imperfect cadence (resolving on A major) in the climax of the bridge (on "I just can't go on anymore") which uses II (B7) and V (E7) chords. The verse-chorus also employs what Pedler terms a "delaying tactic" in alternating between vi and iii chords (over the lines "Please come on back to me / I'm lonely as can be") before again returning to A.

The lyrics serve as a rare example of Harrison embracing the standard boy–girl themes of love songs. According to musicologist Alan Pollack, they show Harrison "at his absolutely most vulnerable" and convey a "bitter-sweetly mixed tone of plaintive, terminal desperation". Harrison states his confusion at his girlfriend's decision to leave him, expresses his sadness without her, and begs her to reconsider. In Inglis's view, the singer's candour, combined with the upbeat tempo and other qualities in the Beatles' arrangement, ensures "it is not a hopeless situation", and the listener can be sure that the girl will return.

Recording
The Beatles recorded "I Need You" at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London on 15 and 16 February 1965. These were the group's first recording sessions of the year and also produced "Ticket to Ride" and "Another Girl". All three tracks were included in Help!, filming for which began in the Bahamas on 23 February.

The song marked the Beatles' first use of a guitar volume pedal. This tone-altering effect was a precursor to the wah-wah pedal and had recently been played by session guitarist Big Jim Sullivan on Dave Berry's UK chart hits "The Crying Game" and "One Heart Between Two". Harrison's adoption of the pedal typified his search for new sounds for the Beatles, and for colouring that was empathetic with the group's material. He played the part on his Rickenbacker 12-string electric guitar and soon used the effect again on "Yes It Is", a similarly emotive Lennon composition. Musicologist Walter Everett recognises the volume pedal's presence on "I Need You" as the most important example within the band's work, with every chord given the "flautando-like" sound, and "multiple articulations" appearing throughout the song's coda. Citing a comment later made by Harrison, Everett says that "I Need You" was possibly one of the tracks where the pedal control was operated by Lennon, kneeling down on the studio floor, while Harrison played the guitar part.

In the 2006 book Recording the Beatles, the authors highlight the song as an example of the "warm, full sound" that EMI's Telefunken M10 four-track recorder was able to capture. Journalist Kit O'Toole recognises the song's lead guitar effect and other folk rock qualities as having been influential on the Byrds, whose sound in turn would influence the Beatles.

Film sequence
The film sequence for "I Need You" was shot over 3–5 May and consists of the band miming to the track on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire. Since the start of filming for Help!, events had taken place that distanced the Beatles, particularly Harrison and Lennon, from the public image they were expected to uphold in the feature film, and were exerting a profound influence on the band's thinking. Among these incidents, Harrison was introduced to Indian philosophy in the Bahamas when a local swami gave each of the Beatles a copy of The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga; he and Lennon, together with Boyd and Lennon's wife Cynthia, had their first experience with the hallucinogenic drug LSD, in late March; and Harrison encountered an Indian sitar for the first time while filming a restaurant scene in London in April. In Tillery's description, 1965 was the most "pivotal" year in Harrison's life, as LSD opened the door to his enduring quest for spiritual enlightenment and Eastern philosophy provided a means to escape the demands of Beatlemania.

The "I Need You" sequence depicts an outdoor recording session, with a makeshift control booth and microphones set up in an open field. Further to the film's premise that Starr was being targeted for assassination by a mysterious cult, the Beatles perform under the protection of the British 3rd Royal Tank Regiment, surrounded by soldiers and Centurion tanks. Although it was spring, the weather was unusually cold, and the sequence shows Starr shivering behind his drum kit.

The premise and the level of security afforded the band mirrored the adulation they received in real life, at the height of Beatlemania. Media theorist Stephanie Fremaux comments on the imagery employed by director Richard Lester in his harsh editing and shots of soldiers and weaponry to convey a sense of threat, and how this is furthered by the Beatles', and particularly Harrison's, apparent hostility and avoidance of eye contact with the camera. Film historian Stephen Glynn highlights a shot that features Harrison in profile, singing into a metallic microphone, and the corresponding gun barrel of a tank as an example of Lester making "visual parallels between the tools of the musician and the military". Another example, according to Glynn, is an aerial shot of the band encircled by six tanks that cuts to a close-up of the fretboard of Harrison's guitar, with the focus soon changing to reveal Stonehenge in the near distance.

Release
Help! was released by EMI's Parlophone label on 6 August 1965, with "I Need You" sequenced as the fourth track between "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Another Girl". Martin said the song "worked out very well" and considered it an important step for Harrison. He added: "He has got something to say as a songwriter, and I hope he keeps it up." Other than "I Need You", all the songs in the film were Lennon–McCartney compositions. As the end credits stated this on screen, a voiceover from Harrison repeatedly said, "'I Need You' by George Harrison!", increasing in volume each time.

The album and film enjoyed major commercial success around the world. In music journalist Jon Savage's description, the summer of 1965 "belonged" to the Beatles' Help! "multimedia campaign", which comprised the "Help!" hit single as well as the film and soundtrack album. In Willy Russell's 1974 play based on the Beatles' history, John, Paul, George, Ringo ... and Bert, "I Need You" was sung by Brian Epstein's character in response to the group's decision to retire from touring in 1966. The Beatles' recording of the track appeared on the 1977 compilation album Love Songs, issued by EMI to exploit the band's catalogue seven years after their break-up.

Critical reception
Among Beatles biographers, Jonathan Gould describes "I Need You" as a "modest, mild love song" that sounded "a lot like the efforts of other contemporary songwriters to write in the style of Lennon and McCartney". In Mark Hertsgaard's view, the track is "a catchy pop tune" that showed how Harrison "had now matured into the kind of pleasantly stylized, if innocuous, songwriter that Lennon and McCartney had been in their early days". According to Alan Clayson, "for all its simplistic libretto and suspensions à la 'One Heart Between Two'", the song was "more immediately attractive" than some of the Lennon–McCartney songs on Help!

Writing in the 2004 edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide, Rob Sheffield described "I Need You" and "You Like Me Too Much" as "the finest George songs known to man". He viewed Help! as the band's "big step forward" in its exploration of themes such as "doubt, loneliness, alienation, adult sexual longing" and said that for Harrison's persona relative to Lennon and McCartney, "the Quiet One got Smart as well as Cute". By contrast, PopMatters editor John Bergstrom featured the song in his 2009 list titled "the worst of the Beatles". He said that "I Need You" justified statements subsequently made by Lennon, McCartney and Martin that until late in the Beatles' career, Harrison's songwriting presence was limited in accordance with his talent and experience, and he dismissed Harrison's vocal on the track as "flat and tentative, even as the lovelorn lyrics are sincere" and his use of the guitar volume pedal as rudimentary.

Reviewing the remastered Help! that same year, for Paste magazine, Mark Kemp said that "Harrison surfaces here as a formidable songwriter, taking center stage on 'I Need You' and 'You Like Me Too Much'." According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, while the two Harrison compositions pale beside Lennon and McCartney's songs on the album, "they hold their own against much of their British pop peers."

Cover versions
George Martin included "I Need You" on his 1965 album of instrumental versions of Beatles songs, also titled Help! The Sunshine Company recorded a version, arranged by George Tipton, for their 1967 Imperial Records LP Happy Is the Sunshine Company.

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers performed "I Need You" in tribute to Harrison at the Concert for George in November 2002. Its inclusion provided a rare departure from the concert's program of the best-known songs from Harrison's career as a Beatle and a solo artist. Petty and his band played the song in a style that Ian Inglis recognises as typical of the Byrds, whose initial sound was inspired by the Beatles, particularly Harrison's use of 12-string Rickenbacker guitar. Inglis describes Petty's interpretation as "an uncannily accurate reconstruction" of the Byrds' mid-1960s style, with a "clipped vocal delivery" reminiscent of Roger McGuinn, harmony singing, "chiming" guitars, and a slower tempo than on the Beatles' recording.

Former Journey vocalist Steve Perry covered "I Need You" on his 2018 album Traces. Perry said that the Beatles had recorded a bossa nova-like version but had not done justice to the song, which deserved to be "a bigger sort of R&B pocket thing". He recalled that he sought approval from Olivia Harrison, Harrison's widow, before releasing his interpretation and was relieved when she told him, "George would have loved this version."

Personnel
George Martin kept notes during the session that documented the unusual arrangement, which was:

 * George Harrison – double-tracked lead vocal, classical guitar, twelve-string lead guitar
 * John Lennon – harmony vocal, snare drum
 * Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, bass guitar
 * Ringo Starr – acoustic guitar, percussion, cowbell

title: I Need You (Beatles song)


text:
Ślęza

The Ślęza (Lohe) is a 78.6 km river in Lower Silesia, southern Poland, a left tributary of the Oder. It starts in the Niemcza Hills (Wzgórza Niemczańskie), part of the Sudeten Foreland (Przedgórze Sudeckie), and flows near Mount Ślęża through the Silesian Lowland (Nizina Śląska) and enters the Oder in Wrocław.

The most important tributary is the Mała Ślęza ("Small Ślęza"). The most important towns on the river are: Niemcza, Tyniec nad Ślęzą, Jordanów Śląski and Wrocław.

The name is probably derived from a Silesian word meaning "wet swampy place". In a papal bull from Hadrian IV in 1155, the river is called the Selenza.

The names of the Ślęza and Mount Ślęża are both of Silesian origin, but the Ślęza is spelled with a standard z and Mount Ślęża is spelled with a ż, pronounced like an English zh.

title: Ślęza


text: Category:Czech art

title: Category:Czech art


text:
Another Girl

"Another Girl" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1965 album Help! and included in the film of the same title. The song was written by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song is addressed to the singer's girlfriend, who is informed that the singer has found "another girl."

Background and recording
Although "Another Girl" is credited to the Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership, it was written primarily by Paul McCartney. On 4 February 1965, following completion of the Beatles' Christmas shows, McCartney and then girlfriend Jane Asher flew to Hammamet, Tunisia, for a 10-day holiday. Because McCartney was there as a guest of the British government, he was able to relax protected from the hassles of Beatlemania. The couple stayed at a villa that was built in the 1920s by Romanian George Sebastian. According to music journalist Steve Turner, the villa – known as "Sebastian's Villa" or "Villa Sebastian" – had previously been visited by such writers as Winston Churchill, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. The property contained a small amphitheatre that had been built the previous year, and McCartney was inspired by its acoustics to begin writing a new song. He finished "Another Girl" in a bathroom in the villa, which biographer Barry Miles described as having "ideal" acoustics for songwriting.

The Beatles began recording the song on 15 February, the day after McCartney returned from Tunisia. It was the first day of recording for the soundtrack of the band's second feature film, Help! "Another Girl" was the second of three songs worked on that day, after "Ticket to Ride" and before "I Need You". Held in EMI's Studio Two, the session was produced by George Martin and engineered by Norman Smith, Ken Scott, and Jerry Boys. The band achieved a satisfactory basic track in one take, featuring McCartney on lead vocals and bass, Ringo Starr on drums, and John Lennon and George Harrison on backing vocals and acoustic and electric rhythm guitars.

The band then added overdubs. McCartney double-tracked his vocal and Lennon added more backing vocals. Harrison took 10 attempts at a guitar flourish to be edited onto the end of track, with the seventh being deemed best; however, this was left out of the final mix. Harrison struggled with the lead guitar for the rest of the song, so McCartney recorded his own the next day using his Epiphone Casino. The song was mixed for mono on 18 February by Martin, Smith, and Scott, and in stereo on 23 February by Smith and Malcolm Davies.

Composition
With an up-tempo swing-beat that McCartney favoured ("Can't Buy Me Love", "She's a Woman") it opens with a short refrain, powered by block vocal harmonies, that segues straight into the verse, which is constructed on the blues-mode chord changes that the group favoured at that time. The bridge theme makes a sudden key change up a minor third from A to C (a harmonic strategy also used on the record's next track "You're Going to Lose That Girl") and features more close three-part harmonies as the aggressively sung verse's apparent threat to a jealous girl turns into a sweet tribute to the "other" girl who "will always be my friend".

This song features the often-utilized three-part harmonies between Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, but it is one of the only instances in which Lennon sings the highest harmony.

McCartney said of this song and other album tracks, "It's a bit much to call them fillers because I think they were a bit more than that, and each one of them made it past the Beatles test. We all had to like it."

Live performances
The song was performed live for the first time by a Beatle when Paul McCartney returned to the Nippon Budokan, Tokyo, on 28 April 2015;   this was 49 years after the Beatles had first played at the venue, in June and July 1966. In a released statement, McCartney said, "It was sensational and quite emotional remembering the first time and then experiencing this fantastic audience tonight."

In the film Help!
In the film Help!, McCartney lip-syncs "Another Girl" while standing on a coral reef on Balmoral Island in the Bahamas, and plays a girl in a bikini as if she is a guitar. Since McCartney's hands are occupied (with either bass or girl), George Harrison mimes McCartney's guitar fills as if playing them himself. The four of them each change instruments. For instance, Harrison is seen playing McCartney's bass and looks confused. Starr is shown playing acoustic guitar and Lennon mimes playing drums. Another scene was filmed at the Cloisters, a famous Bahamian landmark.

Cover versions
The George Martin Orchestra covers the track on Help!, their instrumental reworking of the Beatles' album.

Berlin-based Lautten Compagney covers the track on their 2021 album "Time Travel" in an arrangement for baroque orchestra and saxophone.

Personnel
According to George Martin, quoted by Kevin Ryan and Brian Kehew:
 * Paul McCartney – double-tracked lead vocal, bass guitar, lead guitar
 * John Lennon – harmony vocal, electric rhythm guitar
 * George Harrison – harmony vocal, acoustic rhythm guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums

title: Another Girl


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Kincardine and Mearns

Kincardine and Mearns is one of six area committees of the Aberdeenshire council area in Scotland. It has a population of 38,506 (2001 Census). There are significant natural features in this district including rivers, forests, mountains and bogs (known locally as mosses).

Transport links with Aberdeen have encouraged rapid population growth, especially in the north of this region. Existing settlements such as Portlethen and Stonehaven have greatly expanded, along with industrial activity. The southern part is more self-sufficient, with the fertile Mearns area sustaining a strong agricultural economy. Small scale tourism activity occurs along its attractive coastline and former fishing villages.

Kincardine and Deeside district
Between 1975 and 1996 Kincardine and Deeside was a local government district within the Grampian region. Its area included all of the county of Kincardineshire apart from a small area in the northeast which was covered by the City of Aberdeen district. As the name suggested, it also included the large geographical area of the drainage basin of the River Dee from the southern section of Aberdeenshire. In 1996, this district became part of Aberdeenshire unitary authority in the local government reorganisation.

History
In medieval times, the northern part of the area known as Kincardine comprised the Thanedom of Cowie and the Thanedom of Durris. The Mearns was described as an earldom. Each of these thanages was with the Crown as late as 1264 AD. In the Middle Ages the principal roadway connecting Stonehaven to Aberdeen was known as the Causey Mounth; this drovers' road was constructed in some places with large boulders in order to span certain boggy stretches.

During the Scottish Enlightenment period, Lord Monboddo operated a large agricultural estate in the Mearns, at which location he conducted considerable research in agricultural improvement; Monboddo was best known as a jurist on the Court of Session, as the father of modern historical linguistics and a pre-evolutionary thinker.

Notable architecture

 * Dunnottar Castle, Muchalls Castle and Fetteresso Castle are located within this district.
 * Kincardine Castle, a Victorian 'arts and crafts' country house in the village of Kincardine O'Neil.
 * In the village of Muchalls at Victorian times there existed a large hotel, which fell into ruin in the latter 20th century; the site has now been used for housing.
 * There are numerous prehistoric stone circles, standing stones and cairns within this geographic unit.

Geography and landforms
Rivers and streams in Kincardine and Mearns include the Burn of Elsick, Burn of Pheppie, Burn of Muchalls, Cowie Water, Carron Water and Bervie Water, all of which discharge to the North Sea. Pictish stones and evidence of a Pictish hillfort have been found at Dunnicaer, a sea stack just north of Dunnottar Castle.

Other notable features

 * Fowlsheugh Nature Reserve
 * Causey Mounth

title: Kincardine and Mearns


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Kurt Meyer (disambiguation)

Kurt Meyer (1910–1961) was an officer in the Waffen-SS

Kurt Meyer may also refer to:

 * Kurt Meyer (Lucerne) (born 1944), member of the cantonal government of Lucerne, Switzerland, 1995–2005
 * Kurt Meyer (sport shooter) (born 1933), German Olympic shooter
 * Kurt Meyer (architect) (1922–2014), American architect
 * Kurt Heinrich Meyer (1883–1952), German chemist

title: Kurt Meyer (disambiguation)