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Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord

Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord is the first game in the Wizardry series of role-playing video games. It was developed by Andrew C. Greenberg and Robert Woodhead. In 1980, Norman Sirotek formed Sir-Tech Software, Inc. and launched a beta version of the product at the 1980 Boston Computer Convention. The final version of the game was released in 1981.

A 3D remake of the game was released by Digital Eclipse on 15 September 2023 onto PC via Steam platform.

The game was one of the first Dungeons & Dragons-style role-playing games to be written for computer play, and the first such game to offer color graphics. It was also the first true party-based role-playing video game. It is now listed among the best video games of all time.

The game ended up as the first of a trilogy that also included Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds and Wizardry III: Legacy of Llylgamyn.

Gameplay
Starting in the town, which is represented only as a text-based menu, the player creates a party of up to six characters from an assortment of five possible races (Humans, Elves, Dwarves, Gnomes, Hobbits), three alignments (Good, Neutral, Evil), and four basic classes (Fighter, Priest, Mage, Thief), with four elite classes (Bishop: priest and mage spells; Samurai: fighter with mage spells; Lord: fighter with priest spells, and Ninja: fighter with thief abilities) unlocked once the characters have progressed sufficiently. Good and evil characters normally cannot be assigned to the same party.

After characters are equipped with basic armor and weaponry, the party descends into the dungeon below Trebor's castle. This consists of a maze of ten levels, each progressively more challenging than the last. Classes have multiple spells, each with seven levels, that characters learn as they advance.

The style of play employed in this game has come to be termed a dungeon crawl. The goal, as in most subsequent role-playing video games, is to find treasure including ever more potent items, gain levels of experience by killing monsters, then face the evil arch-wizard Werdna on the bottom level and retrieve a powerful amulet. The goal of most levels is to find the elevator or stairs going down to the next level without being killed in the process.

The graphics of the original game are extremely simple by today's standards; most of the screen is occupied by text, with about 10% devoted to a first-person view of the dungeon maze using line graphics. By the standards of the day, however, the graphics improved on the text-only games that had been far more common. When monsters are encountered, the dungeon maze disappears, replaced by a picture of one of the monsters. Combat is against from 1 to 4 groups of monsters. The game's lack of an automap feature, which had not been invented at the time of its release, practically forces the player to draw the map for each level on graph paper (included in the box) as they walk through the 20x20 dungeon maze, step by step – failing to do this often results in becoming permanently lost, as there are many locations in the maze that have a permanent "Darkness" spell upon the square (making the player walk blindly) or a "Teleport" spell sending the player to a new location. A magic spell can be used to determine the current location of the party, and at higher levels there is a teleport spell that can be used to quickly transition between the maze levels. Care is necessary when teleporting as the player must enter both the level and coordinates to teleport to (the number of steps north, south, east, or west from his current location) and it is easily possible to land in a trap or solid stone, ending the game. The original releases of Wizardry also do not announce that the player has teleported and play resumes as if one step forward was taken.

The game has unforgiving difficulty as players cannot save their progress within the dungeon; they must exit the dungeon first. In the event of a total party kill, play cannot be resumed; however, a new party may recover the bodies and items of dead adventurers. Later Wizardry games made it easier by restarting at the point in the dungeon where the characters died. It can take hundreds of hours to finish the game.

Wizardry saves the player's party and game progress onto a scenario disk. After booting, a new one may be created with a blank floppy disk or an existing one used. Completion of Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord is necessary to play the sequels Wizardry II and III since they require the characters from the first game to be imported from a scenario disk. You DO NOT have to complete Wizardry I to play II & III. The games allow you to start a new party at a higher level OR import a party from the previous game.

Development
Andrew Greenberg, then a Cornell University student, began the project's development in 1978, and the game was in an early playable state by fall 1979, when it became popular among fellow students. Wizardry drew influences from earlier games from the PLATO system, most notably the 1977 role-playing game Oubliette. It was initially coded in Applesoft BASIC, but Greenberg and Woodhead rewrote it in UCSD Pascal after BASIC proved too slow to be playable. They had to wait for a run-time system, not available until early 1981, before publishing it. The game took two and a half man-years to complete, but the delay benefited Wizardry by permitting almost one year of playtesting and game balancing before release, distinguishing it from others such as Ultima I. Frederick Sirotek, Norman's businessman father and the company's financier, insisted that the packaging and documentation be professional, also distinguishing the game from others sold in Ziploc bags.

The Commodore 64/128 versions of Wizardry 1-3 share a common code base with the Apple originals, as they all use the same run-time 6502 Pascal interpreter which provides support for overlays and low-level functions to interface with the hardware. USCD Pascal was also used for the IBM versions, but with an x86 version of the interpreter.

Lengthy load time and extensive disk access was a problem with Wizardry; however, the Commodore versions, which particularly suffer from this, provided a variety of workarounds. In C128 mode, the VDC memory is used to store overlays and REUs are supported in both C64 and C128 mode. Wizardry 2-5 also detect if 16k or 64k of VDC memory is present and can use the 1571 drive's burst mode for faster load time.

"Werdna" and "Trebor" are Greenberg and Woodhead's first names spelled backwards. Their names also appear as initials (i.e., ACG and RJW) on the map of the eighth and ninth floors.

Sir-Tech published Wizardry, Revision 2 in 1982, which included new features. John M. Morrison for The Space Gamer No. 50 commented that "By this time, your old disk should be wearing out. I definitely recommend sending the $5 in to transfer backup characters, as you'll get Revision 2 to boot."

A 3D remake of the game was released by Digital Eclipse in early access on September 15, 2023 for Windows computers. , followed by a full release for Windows and game consoles on May 23, 2024. Besides an audio-visual overhaul, the game also features quality-of-life improvements.

Reception and legacy
Wizardry was a major commercial success. It shipped in September 1981 and almost immediately became a hit, the most popular Apple II game of the year. By 30 June 1982 it had sold 24,000 copies, making it one of the best-selling computer RPGs in North America up until that time. In comparison, Temple of Apshai (1979) had sold 30,000 copies and Ultima (1981) had sold 20,000 copies at the time. Electronic Games described Wizardry in 1983 as "without a doubt, the most popular fantasy adventure game for the Apple II at the present time." Wizardry sold 200,000 copies in its first three years, outselling the original Ultima during that time. Based on sales and market-share data, Video magazine listed Wizardry tenth on its list of best selling video games in February 1985, and ninth on the best seller list in March 1985, with II Computing listing Wizardry third on its list of top Apple II games as of October–November 1985 (behind Zork and Sargon III, and ahead of Zaxxon and Ultima III). In 1989, Video Games & Computer Entertainment reported that Wizardry had sold "well over 500,000 copies".

Within months of Wizardry's release, at least two commercial game trainers for it appeared, despite Sir-Tech denouncing their use. The game also had perhaps the first strategy guide, The Wizisystem, which promised that "the average player" could succeed in the game with "a successful, easy-to-follow format". A child psychiatrist reported success in using the game as therapy. The game eventually led to a series of eight games spanning twenty years, and helped set genre standards with its intuitive layout and interface.

Forrest Johnson reviewed Wizardry in The Space Gamer No. 46. He commented that "Wizardry represents a leap in computer game design. It is certainly the best D&D-style computer game on the market". The game was reviewed in 1982 in The Dragon #65 by Bruce Humphrey. Humphrey stated that "There is so much good about this game, it's difficult to decide where to begin", and concluded by describing it as "not easily beaten or solved, I recommend it to anyone tired of mediocre programs and ho-hum dungeon encounters." Computer Gaming World that year praised it as "one of the all-time classic computer games", complex yet playable. With no major faults, the only minor one described in the review is the ease with which parties can initially be killed. In early 1985, Computer Games magazine called Wizardry the "all-time tops in role-playing entertainment."

The Macintosh version of the game, known by fans as "MacWizardry", was reviewed in 1986 in Dragon ' s first "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers called MacWizardry "a delightful reintroduction of a marvelous classic." In a subsequent column, the reviewers gave the Mac version of the game 4 out of 5 stars. Jerry Pournelle named it the game of the month for August 1985, and one of two games of the month for March 1986, in his "Chaos Manor" column for Byte magazine. He wrote "I don't know what the fascination of Wizardry I is; if I describe it in objective terms, it seems boring—which it certainly is not, as witness the time it has eaten this month". Macworld commented that the Macintosh port's conversion to the Classic Mac OS mouse-driven graphical user interface enhanced the game's charm and streamlined its gameplay; the game mediates actions through "such familiar Macintosh devices as windows, alert boxes, icons, scrolling lists, and so on." Macworld inducted Wizardry into its inaugural Game Hall of Fame as Best Role-Playing Game, ahead of runner-up Xyphus.

The Wizardry series was ported to various Japanese computers such as the NEC PC-8801 and became popular there. Along with Ultima, it inspired JRPG series like Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy.

In 1984, Softline readers named the game the most popular Apple program of all time. The game was the top-rated adventure for five years in Computer Gaming World's reader poll, until Ultima IV replaced it in 1986, and with a score of 7.69 out of 10, in 1988 Wizardry was among the first members of the magazine's Hall of Fame, honoring those games rated highly over time by readers, as the magazine's 1982 review predicted. In 1990 the game received the ninth-highest number of votes in a survey of Computer Gaming World readers' "All-Time Favorites", and in 1991 and 1993 the magazine's Scorpia wrote that "while mainly hack-and-slash, it's still a grand expedition, even today". In 1996, the magazine named Wizardry the 16th best game ever. The editors wrote, "The seminal dungeon romp, this RPG sent AD&D fans scrambling to buy Apple IIs".

Scott Taylor for Black Gate, playing the game again as an adult, said that he was "surprised at just how tough and unforgiving the game actually was."

Reviews

 * Jeux & Stratégie #18
 * Jeux & Stratégie #24 (as "Sorcellerie")
 * Jeux & Stratégie HS #3


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List of motor racing tracks

This is a list of auto racing and moto racing circuits sorted by country.

Note: Circuits carrying a "†" were, are, or will be hosting Formula One and/or MotoGP Grand Prix.

Inactive

 * Circuit Automobile d'Arcole, Bir El Djir
 * Circuit de Bouzaréah, Bouzaréah
 * Circuit Urbain de Staouéli, Staouéli

Ice racing circuits

 * Pas de la Casa (Circuit Andorra), Andorra la Vella

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo de Luanda, Luanda

Inactive

 * Autódromo de Benguela, Benguela

Inactive

 * Circuito Antigo de Carmona, Uíge
 * Circuito Automóvel das Festas do Mar, Moçâmedes
 * Circuito da Fortaleza, Luanda
 * Circuito de Nova Lisboa, Huambo
 * Circuito de Novo Redondo, Sumbe
 * Circuito Novo de Carmona, Uíge

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo Ciudad de Concordia, Concordia, Entre Ríos
 * Autódromo Ciudad de La Rioja, La Rioja
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Nueve de Julio - Guillermo Yoyo Maldonado, 9 de Julio, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Oberá, Oberá, Misiones
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Paraná, Paraná, Entre Ríos
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Pigüé, Pigüé, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Rafaela, a.k.a. Autódromo Ing. Juan R. Báscolo, Rafaela, Santa Fe
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Viedma, Viedma, Río Negro
 * Autódromo de Concepción del Uruguay, Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos
 * Autódromo Eduardo Copello, San Juan
 * Autódromo Enrique Freile, El Calafate, Santa Cruz Province
 * Autódromo Eusebio Marcilla, Junín, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Ezequiel Crisol, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo General San Martín (Comodoro Rivadavia), Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia
 * Autódromo Hermanos Emiliozzi, Olavarría, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Jorge Ángel Pena, San Martin, Mendoza
 * Autódromo José Muñiz, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz
 * Autódromo Juan Manuel Fangio, Balcarce, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Juan María Traverso, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Juan Oria, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba
 * Autódromo Las Paredes, San Rafael, Mendoza
 * Autódromo Luis Rubén Di Palma, Mar de Ajó, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Mar y Valle, Trelew, Chubut
 * Autódromo Martín Miguel de Güemes, Salta
 * Autódromo Municipal Juan Manuel Fangio, Rosario, Santa Fe
 * Autódromo Oscar Cabalén, Alta Gracia, Córdoba
 * Autódromo Parque Ciudad de General Roca, General Roca, Río Negro
 * Autódromo Parque Ciudad de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba
 * Autódromo Parque Ciudad de Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa
 * Autódromo Parque de la Velocidad de San Jorge, San Jorge, Santa Fe
 * Autódromo Parque Provincia del Neuquén, Centenario, Neuquén
 * Autódromo Provincia de La Pampa, Toay, La Pampa
 * Autódromo Roberto José Mouras, La Plata, Buenos Aires
 * Autódromo Rosamonte, Posadas, Misiones
 * Autódromo Rosendo Hernández, San Luis, San Luis
 * Autódromo Santiago Yaco Guarnieri, Resistencia, Chaco
 * Circuito Roberto Hirch, Miramar, Buenos Aires
 * Circuito San Juan Villicum, Albardón, San Juan
 * , Buenos Aires

Street circuits

 * Autódromo José Carlos Bassi, Villa Mercedes, San Luis
 * Gran Premio de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Santa Fe
 * Potrero de los Funes Circuit, San Luis, San Luis

Inactive circuits

 * Autódromo Don Eduardo, Las Parejas
 * Autódromo Enrique Mosconi, Allen, Rio Negro
 * Autódromo General San Martín (Mendoza), Mendoza
 * Autódromo Nasif Estéfano, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán
 * Circuito Costanera, Buenos Aires
 * Circuito Callejero de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
 * Circuito Palermo, Palermo
 * Circuito Punta Indios, Veronica, Buenos Aires
 * Circuito Retiro, Retiro, Buenos Aires
 * Puerto Madero Street Circuit, Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires

Aruba

 * Palo Marga International Raceway, Savaneta

Permanent circuits

 * Baskerville Raceway, Hobart, Tasmania
 * Broadford Track, Victoria
 * Calder Park Raceway, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Collie Motorplex, Collie, Western Australia
 * DriveIt NQ – Calcium, Queensland
 * Hidden Valley Raceway, Darwin, Northern Territory
 * Lakeside Park, Brisbane, Queensland
 * Mallala Motor Sport Park, Mallala, South Australia
 * McNamara Park, Mount Gambier, South Australia
 * Morgan Park Raceway, Warwick, Queensland
 * One Raceway, Goulburn, New South Wales
 * Queensland Raceway, Ipswich, Queensland
 * Sandown Raceway, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Symmons Plains Raceway, Launceston, Tasmania
 * The Bend Motorsport Park, Tailem Bend, South Australia
 * Wanneroo Raceway, Perth, Western Australia
 * Winton Motor Raceway, Benalla, Victoria

 * Under construction
 * Circuit Italia – Balickera, New South Wales

Street circuits

 * Mount Panorama, Bathurst, New South Wales
 * Reid Park Street Circuit, Townsville, Queensland
 * Surfers Paradise Street Circuit, Surfers Paradise, Queensland

Speedways

 * Archerfield Speedway, Brisbane, Queensland
 * Arunga Park Speedway, Alice Springs, Northern Territory
 * Avalon Raceway, Avalon, Victoria
 * Borderline Speedway, Mount Gambier, South Australia
 * Brisbane International Speedway, Brisbane, Queensland
 * Bunbury City Speedway, Bunbury, Western Australia
 * Charlton Raceway, Toowoomba, Queensland
 * Dubbo Speedway, Dubbo, New South Wales
 * Ellenbrook Speedway, Bullsbrook, Western Australia
 * Gilgandra Speedway, Gilgandra, New South Wales
 * Gillman Speedway, Adelaide, South Australia
 * Gympie Speedway, Gympie, Queensland
 * Hobart International Speedway, New Norfolk, Tasmania
 * Kalgoorlie International Speedway, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
 * Northline Speedway, Darwin, Northern Territory
 * Olympic Park Speedway, Mildura, Victoria
 * Parramatta City Raceway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Perth Motorplex, Kwinana Beach, Western Australia
 * Pioneer Park Speedway, Brandon, Queensland
 * Premier Speedway, Warrnambool, Victoria
 * Riverview Speedway, Murray Bridge, South Australia
 * Rockhampton Speedway, Rockhampton, Queensland
 * Sapphire Speedway, Bega, New South Wales
 * Speedway City, Adelaide, South Australia
 * Townsville Motorcycle Club, Lang Park facility, Woodstock, Queensland
 * Western Speedway, Hamilton, Victoria

Drag strips

 * Adelaide International Raceway, Adelaide, South Australia
 * Alice Springs Inland Dragway, Alice Springs, Northern Territory
 * Bairnsdale Dragway, Bairnsdale, Victoria
 * Benaraby Raceway, Gladstone, Queensland
 * Calder Park Raceway, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Canberra International Dragway, Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory
 * Collie Motorplex, Collie, Western Australia
 * Coonawarra Dragway, Coonawarra, South Australia
 * Corinda Race Track, Charters Towers, Queensland
 * Heathcote Park Raceway, Heathcote, Victoria
 * Hidden Valley Raceway, Darwin, Northern Territory
 * Ironbark Raceway, Roma, Queensland
 * Mildura Sunset Strip, Mildura, Victoria
 * Palmyra Dragway, Mackay, Queensland
 * Perth Motorplex, Kwinana Beach, Western Australia
 * South Coast Raceway, Portland, Victoria
 * Springmount Raceway, Mareeba, Queensland
 * Steel City Raceway, Whyalla, South Australia
 * Tarmak Dragway, Launceston, Tasmania
 * Townsville Dragway, Townsville, Queensland (closed 25 August 2012)
 * Warwick Dragway, Warwick, Queensland
 * Western Sydney International Dragway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Wilby Park Raceway, Wilby, Victoria
 * Willowbank Raceway, Ipswich, Queensland

Hillclimbs

 * Collingrove Hillclimb, Angaston, South Australia
 * Haunted Hills Racetrack, Gippsland, Victoria
 * Mount Buller, Victoria
 * Mount Cotton Hillclimb, Mount Cotton, Queensland
 * Mount Majura Hillclimb, Mount Majura, Australian Capital Territory
 * Mount Tarrengower, Maldon, Victoria
 * Rob Roy, Christmas Hills, Victoria
 * Highclere Hillclimb, Highclere, Tasmania
 * Lake Barrington Hillclimb, Lake Barrington, Tasmania
 * Trowutta Hillclimb, Trowutta, Tasmania
 * Domain Hillclimb, Queens Domain, Tasmania
 * Lufra Hillclimb, Lufra, Tasmania

Inactive/closed tracks

 * Adelaide International Raceway, Adelaide, South Australia (still has limited use)
 * Amaroo Park, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Aspendale Racecourse, Aspendale, Victoria
 * Ballarat Airport, Ballarat, Victoria
 * Brenock Park Speedway, Ferntree Gully, Victoria
 * Brisbane Exhibition Ground, Brisbane, Queensland
 * Canberra International Dragway, Fairburn, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
 * Canberra Street Circuit, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
 * Castlereagh International Dragway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Catalina Park, Katoomba, New South Wales
 * Caversham Airfield, Caversham, Western Australia
 * Claremont Speedway, Perth, Western Australia
 * Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit, Orange, New South Wales
 * Homebush Street Circuit, Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales
 * Hume Weir Motor Racing Circuit, Albury-Wodonga, New South Wales
 * King Edward Park Hillclimb, Newcastle, New South Wales
 * Liverpool Speedway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Lobethal Circuit, Lobethal, South Australia
 * Longford Circuit, Longford, Tasmania
 * Lowood Circuit, Tarampa, Queensland
 * Macarthur Park Street Circuit, Australian Capital Territory (motorcycle/sidecar racing only)
 * Mildura TT Circuit, Mildura, Victoria
 * Oran Park Raceway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Newcastle Street Circuit, Newcastle, New South Wales
 * Parramatta Park, Parramatta, New South Wales
 * Penguin Speedway, Penguin, Tasmania
 * Port Wakefield Circuit, Port Wakefield, South Australia
 * Quorn Hall, Campbell Town, Tasmania
 * Rowley Park Speedway, Adelaide, South Australia
 * Surfers Paradise International Raceway, Gold Coast, Queensland
 * Sydney Showground Speedway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Templestowe hillclimb racetrack, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Tralee Speedway, Queanbeyan, New South Wales
 * Tunbridge Airfield, Tunbridge, Tasmania
 * Vale Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales
 * Valleyfield Airfield, Epping Forest, Tasmania
 * Warwick Farm Raceway, Sydney, New South Wales
 * Woodside, Woodside, South Australia

Permanent circuits

 * Nordring, Altenburg
 * PS Racing Center Greinbach, Greinbach
 * Wachauring, Melk

Temporary circuits

 * Ennstalring, Großraming (still used for classic motorcycle races)
 * Schwanenstadt-Pitzenberg, Schwanenstadt

Inactive

 * Aspern Airfield, Vienna
 * Linz-Hörsching Airport, Hörsching
 * Racetrack Innsbruck-Kranebitten, Innsbruck
 * St. Pölten Street Race, Sankt Pölten
 * Stadtkurs Baden bei Wien, Baden bei Wien
 * Tulln-Langenlebarn Airfield Circuit, Tulln
 * Traiskirchen Street Race, Traiskirchen

Azerbaijan

 * Baku World Challenge, Baku

Inactive

 * Grand Bahama Vintage Grand Prix Circuit, Freeport
 * Nassau Arawak Cay, Nassau
 * Nassau Oakes Field, Nassau
 * Nassau Windsor Field, Nassau

Barbados

 * Bushy Park Circuit, Gaskin, St. Philip

Belarus

 * Borovaya Circuit, Minsk

Permanent circuits

 * Circuit Jules Tacheny Mettet, Mettet

Inactive

 * Warneton Speedway, Comines-Warneton

Temporary circuits

 * Circuit de Chimay, Chimay

Inactive

 * Circuit Bois de la Cambre, Brussels
 * Circuit Coteaux, Hainaut
 * Circuit de Gedinne, Dinant
 * Circuit de Jéhonville, Bertrix
 * Circuit de l'Avenue de l'Indépendance, Liège
 * Circuit van Antwerpen Linkeroever, Antwerp
 * Erpe-Mere, East Flanders
 * Mettet Street Circuit, Mettet
 * Oostende Noordzee Omloop, West Flanders
 * Vliegbasis Koksijde, West Flanders

Rallycross circuits

 * Duivelsbergcircuit, Maasmechelen Very known in the world of rallycross.
 * Glosso Circuit, Arendonk

Bermuda

 * Bermuda Motorsports Park, St. David's Island

Bolivia

 * Circuito de Pucarani, Pucarani, La Paz Department

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 * Zalužani Circuit, Zalužani

Brazil

 * Autódromo Dito Gianetti (ECPA) – Piracicaba, São Paulo
 * Autódromo Geraldo Backer – Serra, Espírito Santo
 * Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna (Caruaru) – Caruaru, Pernambuco
 * Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna (Londrina) – Londrina, Paraná
 * Autódromo Internacional da Paraíba – São Miguel do Taipu, Paraíba
 * Autódromo Internacional de Campo Grande – Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
 * Autódromo Internacional de Cascavel (Autódromo Zilmar Beux) – Cascavel, Paraná
 * Autódromo Internacional de Guaporé (Autódromo Nelson Luiz Barro) – Guaporé, Rio Grande do Sul
 * Autódromo Internacional de Santa Cruz do Sul – Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
 * Autódromo Internacional de Tarumã – Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul
 * Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet (Brasília) – Brasília, Distrito Federal (Brazil)
 * Autódromo Internacional Potenza - Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais
 * Autódromo Internacional Virgílio Távora – Eusébio, Ceará
 * Plan Speed Park – Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro
 * Autódromo Velo Città - Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo
 * Belo Horizonte Street Circuit – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
 * Circuito dos Cristais – Curvelo, Minas Gerais
 * Mega Space – Santa Luzia, São Paulo
 * São Paulo Street Circuit – São Paulo, São Paulo
 * Speed Park Franca – Franca, São Paulo
 * Velopark – Nova Santa Rita, Rio Grande do Sul

Inactive tracks

 * Araraquara
 * Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba (Circuito Raul Boesel) – Pinhais, Paraná
 * Barra da Tijuca (Guanabara)
 * Betim
 * Cacá Bueno Circuit, Rio de Janeiro
 * Cavalhada (Circuito da Pedra Redonda / Porto Alegre)
 * Cavalo de Aço
 * Circuito Ayrton Senna – Salvador, Bahia
 * Circuito da Gávea, Rio de Janeiro
 * Flamengo
 * Florianópolis
 * Foz do Iguaçu
 * Fundão (Ilha do Governador / Rio de Janeiro)
 * Gávea (Boa Vista)
 * Itapecerica
 * Juiz de Fora
 * Maracanã
 * Mineirão (Belo Horizonte)
 * Pernambuco
 * Petropolis
 * Piracicaba
 * Recife
 * Ribeirão Preto Street Circuit, Ribeirão Preto
 * São Paulo (Jardim América)
 * Salvador
 * Enseada do Suá – Vitória, Espírito Santo
 * Via Expressa Sul – Florianópolis, Santa Catarina
 * Cidade Baixa – Salvador, Bahia
 * Saturnino Rangel Mauro – Vila Velha, Espírito Santo

Permanent circuits

 * Drakon Race Track, Kaloyanovo, Plovdiv Province
 * Letishte Dolna Mitropoliya, Pleven

Inactive

 * Albena Street Circuit, Albena
 * Burgas Circuit, Burgas
 * Industrial Park Haskovo, Haskovo
 * Ruse Circuit, Ruse
 * Sofia Circuit, Sofia
 * Varna Circuit, Varna
 * Veliko Tarnovo Circuit, Veliko Tarnovo

Cambodia

 * Yamamoto Circuit Cambodia, Phumĭ Snhák, Kampong Speu

Permanent circuits

 * Area 27, Oliver, British Columbia
 * Atlantic Motorsport Park, Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia
 * Autodrome Saint-Eustache, Saint-Eustache, Quebec
 * Calabogie Motorsports Park, Calabogie, Ontario
 * Circuit ICAR, Mirabel, Quebec
 * Mission Raceway Park, Mission, British Columbia
 * Shannonville Motorsport Park, Belleville, Ontario
 * Toronto Motorsports Park, Cayuga, Ontario
 * Vancouver Island Motorsport Park, Victoria, British Columbia

Street circuits

 * Circuit Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec
 * Honda Indy Toronto, Toronto
 * Molson Indy Vancouver, Vancouver

Speedways

 * Autodrome Chaudière, Vallée-Jonction, Quebec
 * Autodrome Montmagny, Montmagny, Quebec
 * Wyant Group Raceway, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (oval track racing)
 * Barrie Speedway, Oro-Medonte, Ontario
 * Bridge County Raceway, Lethbridge, Alberta
 * Capital City Speedway, Ashton, Ontario
 * Castrol Raceway, Edmonton, Alberta
 * Central Alberta Raceways, Rimbey, Alberta
 * Circuit Riverside Speedway Ste-Croix, Sainte-Croix, Quebec
 * Delaware Speedway, Delaware, Ontario
 * Dinosaur Downs Speedway, Drumheller, Alberta
 * Edmonton International Raceway, Wetaskiwin, Alberta
 * Hythe Motor Speedway, Hythe, Alberta
 * Kawartha Speedway, Fraserville, Ontario
 * Medicine Hat Speedway, Medicine Hat, Alberta
 * Motoplex Speedway, Vernon, British Columbia
 * Oyser Bed Raceway, Oyster Bed Bridge, Prince Edward Island
 * Petty International Raceway River Glade, New Brunswick
 * Race City Motorsport Park, Calgary, Alberta
 * Red River Co-op Speedway, Winnipeg, Manitoba
 * Riverside Speedway, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
 * Rocky Mountain Raceway, Okotoks, Alberta
 * Sanair Super Speedway, Saint-Pie, Quebec
 * Scotia Speedworld, Enfield, Nova Scotia
 * Sangudo Speedway, Sangudo, Alberta
 * Speedway 660, Fredericton, New Brunswick
 * Speedway Miramichi, Miramichi, New Brunswick
 * Thunder Valley Speedway Bishops Fall, Newfoundland
 * Yellowhead Raceway, Hinton, Alberta

Drag strips

 * Saskatchewan International Raceway (SIR), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (drag racing)
 * Mission Raceway Park, Mission, British Columbia (drag racing)
 * Nl'akapxm Eagle Motorplex, Ashcroft, British Columbia (drag racing)

Inactive tracks

 * Edmonton Indy, Edmonton, Alberta
 * Halifax-Dartmouth International Speedway, Upper Sackville, Nova Scotia
 * Westwood Motorsport Park, Coquitlam, British Columbia

Inactive

 * Breakers Speedway, Bodden Town

Street circuits

 * Circuito Costanera San Martín, Arica
 * Circuito Paque Pedro de Valdivia, La Serena
 * Circuito Sausalito, Viña del Mar
 * Circuito Plaza de Armas, Rengo
 * Circuito Dorotea, Puerto Natales

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo Bernardo O`Higgins, Alto Hospicio
 * Autódromo Cabo Negro, Punta Arenas
 * Autódromo Gustavo Felo Rivera, Quilpué
 * Autódromo Interlomas, Temuco
 * Autódromo Internacional de Codegua, Rancagua
 * Autódromo Juvenal Jeraldo, La Serena
 * Autódromo Las Vizcachas, Puente Alto
 * Autódromo Municipal Manfredo Suiter Herflein, Cabrero
 * Autódromo San Antonio, San Antonio
 * Autódromo Sergio Santander Benavente, Arica
 * Autódromo Vegas de Quilaco, La Unión

Permanent kart tracks

 * Kartodromo Las Carretas, Lampa
 * Kartodromo Angel Navarrete, Limache
 * Kartodromo La Reina, Santiago
 * Kartodromo Siete Puentes, Rancagua
 * Kartodromo Mediocampo, Hualpen

Permanent dirt circuits

 * Autodromo Topater, Calama
 * Autodromo Estacion Paipote, Copiapo
 * Autodromo Marañon, Vallenar
 * Autodromo Salamanca, Salamanca
 * Autodromo La Ligua, La Ligua
 * Autodromo Pocuro, Los Andes
 * Autodromo Las Coimas, San Felipe
 * Autodromo Villa Olimpica, Olmue
 * Autodromo Curacavi, Curacavi
 * Autodromo Cartagena, Cartagena
 * Autodromo El Tabo, El Tabo
 * Autodromo Valdivia de Paine, Buin
 * Autodromo Lago Rapel, Lago Rapel
 * Autodromo Valentin del Barrio, Rengo
 * Autodromo Malloa, Malloa
 * Autodromo La Encina, La Encina
 * Autodromo Teno, Teno
 * Autodromo Lorenzo Varoli, Talca
 * Autodromo Linares, Linares
 * Autodromo Los Maitenes, Chillan Viejo
 * Autodromo Miramar (Cosmito), Penco
 * Autodromo San Pedro de la Paz, San Pedro de la Paz
 * Autodromo Municipal, Yumbel
 * Autodromo Los Pumas, Arauco
 * Autodromo Los Boldales, Los Angeles
 * Autodromo Angol, Angol
 * Autodromo San Jose, Traiguen
 * Autodromo Padre de las Casas, Temuco
 * Autodromo Bajo Pinar, Temuco
 * Autodromo Villarica, Villarica
 * Autodromo Llau-Llau, Villarica
 * Autodromo Parcela Municipal Marcelo Fourcade, Loncoche
 * Autodromo Lanco, Lanco
 * Autodromo Malalhue, Malalhue
 * Autodromo Cancura, Cancura
 * Autodromo Tronadores, Huillinco
 * Autodromo Rio Negro, Rio Negro
 * Autodromo Los Pellines, Llanquihue
 * Autodromo Puerto Varas, Puerto Varas
 * Autodromo San Juan, Ancud
 * Autodromo Bajos de Pindapulli, Dalcahue
 * Autodromo Las Quilas de Mocopulli, Dalcahue
 * Autodromo Punahuel, Dalcahue
 * Autodromo Cucao, Cucao
 * Autodromo Oreste Bonicioli, Puerto Natales
 * Autodromo Rene Schenider, Porvenir

Inactive tracks

 * Autodromo Piedra Roja, Antofagasta
 * Autodromo Chanida, Antofagasta
 * Autodromo La Portada, Antofagasta
 * Autodromo San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago
 * Circuito Mersan, Santiago
 * Base Aérea de El Bosque, Santiago
 * Autodromo Peñuelas, Peñuelas
 * Autodromo Fernado Vallejos, Placilla
 * Base Aérea de Quintero, Quintero
 * Autodromo Rocas de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo
 * Base Aeronaval de El Belloto, Quilpué
 * Autodromo Gultro, Rancagua
 * Autodromo Rancagua, Rancagua
 * Autodromo Frutillar Alto, Frutillar
 * Autodromo Chinquihue, Puerto Montt
 * Parque O'Higgins Circuit, Santiago
 * Santiago Street Circuit, Santiago

Permanent circuits

 * Chengdu Tianfu International Circuit, Tianfu New Area
 * Goldenport Park Circuit, Beijing
 * Guangdong International Circuit, Zhaoqing
 * Guizhou Junchi International Circuit, Guizhou
 * Jiangsu Wantrack International Circuit, Nanjing
 * Ningbo International Circuit, Beilun
 * Ordos International Circuit, Ordos City
 * Shanghai Tianma Circuit, Shanghai
 * Shougang Motorsport Valley, Qinhuangdao
 * V1 Auto World Tianjin, Tianjin
 * Xi'an Automobile University Track, Xi'an
 * Xiamen International Circuit, Xiamen
 * Zhejiang International Circuit, Shaoxing
 * Zhengzhou International Autodrome, Zhengzhou
 * Zhuhai International Circuit, Zhuhai
 * Zhuzhou International Circuit, Zhuzhou

Inactive

 * Chengdu Goldenport Circuit, Chengdu

Inactive

 * Beijing International Street Circuit, Beijing
 * Beijing Olympic Green Circuit, Beijing
 * Jingkai Street Circuit, Beijing
 * Haitang Bay Circuit, Sanya
 * Qingdao Street Circuit, Qingdao
 * Shanghai Street Circuit, Shanghai
 * Wuhan Street Circuit, Wuhan
 * Yancheng Street Circuit, Yancheng
 * Zhuhai Street Circuit, Zhuhai

Colombia

 * Autódromo Central Park, Bello, Antioquia
 * Autódromo de Tocancipá, Tocancipá, Cundinamarca

Inactive/closed tracks

 * Autódromo Ricardo Mejía, Bogotá

Costa Rica

 * Autódromo La Guácima, Guácima

Permanent circuits

 * Automotodrom Glavica, Požega

Inactive

 * Circuit Podi (Dugopolje), Dugopolje
 * Poreč Street Circuit, Poreč

Inactive

 * Circuito del Malecón, Malecón, Havana

Inactive

 * Willemstad Street Circuit, Willemstad

Cyprus

 * Achna Speedway, Dasaki Achnas

Permanent circuits

 * Autodrom Most, Most
 * CzechRing, Hradec Králové

Natural circuits

 * Hořický okruh, Hořice
 * Těrlický okruh, Těrlicko
 * Okruh Františka Bartoše, Ostrava-Radvanice
 * Kyjovský okruh, Kyjov

Hillclimb tracks

 * Ecce Homo (hillclimb track), Šternberk
 * Zámecký vrch, Námešť nad Oslavou
 * Ústecká 21, Ústí nad Orlicí

Dirt tracks

 * Autodrom Sosnová, Sosnová
 * Štikovská rokle, Nová Paka
 * Sedlčanská kotlina, Sedlcany
 * Závodiště Rachvala, Dolní Bousov
 * Cross Arena Přerov, Přerov
 * AMK Zálesí Humpolec, Humpolec
 * Loketské serpentiny, Loket

Permanent kart tracks

 * Kart Arena Cheb, Cheb
 * Autodrom Vysoke Myto, Vysoké Mýto
 * Autodrom Hradiště, Písek

Inactive circuits

 * Masaryk Circuit, Brno
 * Havířov-Senov, Havířov

Inactive

 * Grand Prix de Léopoldville, Léopoldville

Permanent circuits

 * Jyllands-Ringen, Silkeborg
 * Padborg Park, Padborg
 * Ring Djursland, Nimtofte
 * Sjællandsringen, Roskilde

Inactive

 * Roskilde Ring, Roskilde

Temporary circuits

 * Aarhus Street Circuit, Aarhus
 * Copenhagen Street Circuit, Copenhagen
 * Roskilde Street Circuit, Roskilde

Dominican Republic

 * Autodrómo Internacional de Las Américas, Santo Domingo

Ecuador

 * Autodromo Internacional de Yahuarcocha, Yahuarcocha
 * Autódromo de Salinas, La Libertad

Inactive

 * El Gezira Park Track, Gezira, Cairo

El Salvador

 * Autódromo Internacional El Jabalí, La Libertad, El Salvador

Inactive

 * Circuit of Asmara, Asmara

Permanent circuits

 * Porsche Ring, Pärnu

Inactive

 * Linnaring, Tallinn
 * Raadi Circuit, Kakumetsa

Inactive

 * Iru-Lucati-Kloostrimetsa Circuit, Tallinn
 * Oyakyula-Vanamõisa Circuit, Kakumetsa
 * Pirita-Kose-Kloostrimetsa Circuit, Tallinn
 * Vana-Võidu Ring, Viljandi

Inactive

 * Addis Ababa City Circuit, Kebena, Addis Ababa
 * Mekanisa Track, Mekanisa, Addis Ababa

Permanent circuits

 * Ahvenisto Race Circuit, Hämeenlinna
 * Alastaro Circuit, Alastaro
 * Botniaring Racing Circuit, Jurva
 * Kemora Circuit, Veteli
 * Kymi Ring, Kausala (Kouvola)
 * Motopark Raceway, Pieksämäki
 * Seinäjoen Katurata, Seinäjoki

Historic circuits

 * Keimola Motor Stadium, Vantaa
 * Eläintarha, Helsinki, site of the Finnish Grand Prix
 * Helsinki Thunder, Helsinki

Street circuits

 * Circuit de Pau, Pau
 * Paris Street Circuit, Paris

Non-permanent circuits

 * Circuit de la Châtre, La Châtre
 * Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans

Permanent circuits

 * Anneau du Rhin, Biltzheim
 * Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry, Montlhéry
 * Circuit Carole, Tremblay-en-France
 * Circuit d'Albi, Albi
 * Circuit de Croix-en-Ternois, Croix-en-Ternois
 * Circuit de Chenevières, Chenevières
 * Circuit de Faleyras, Faleyras
 * Circuit de Lédenon, Lédenon
 * Circuit du Bourbonnais, Montbeugny
 * Circuit du Luc, Le Luc
 * Circuit du Mas du Clos, Saint-Avit-de-Tardes
 * Circuit du Val de Vienne, Le Vigeant
 * Circuit Pau-Arnos, Pau
 * Pôle mécanique Alès-Cévennes, Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues

Historic circuits

 * Circuit de Cadours, Cadours
 * Circuit de Miramas, Miramas
 * Circuit de Mireval, Mireval
 * Circuit des Platanes, Perpignan
 * Circuit des Remparts, Angoulême
 * Circuit du Comminges, Saint-Gaudens
 * Circuit du Lac, Aix-les-Bains
 * Tours Speedway, Tours

Georgia

 * Rustavi International Motorpark, Rustavi

Street circuits

 * Berlin Street Circuit, Berlin
 * Frohburger Dreieck, Frohburg
 * Norisring, Nuremberg
 * Schleizer Dreieck, Schleiz
 * Tempelhof Airport Street Circuit, Berlin

Permanent circuits

 * Bilster Berg, Bad Driburg
 * Lausitzring, Klettwitz
 * Motorsport Arena Oschersleben, Oschersleben
 * Racepark Meppen, Meppen

Rallycross circuits

 * Estering, Buxtehude - used in the FIA World Rallycross Championship from 2014 to 2018

Inactive tracks

 * Alemannenring, Singen
 * Autobahnschere Chemnitz, Chemnitz
 * Autobahnspinne Dresden, Dresden
 * Battenbergring, Battenberg
 * Bautzener Autobahnring, Bautzen
 * Bernauer Schleife, Bernau bei Berlin
 * Diepholz Airfield Circuit, Diepholz
 * Donauring, Ingolstadt
 * Erding Air Base, Erding
 * Grenzlandring, Wegberg
 * Kassel Calden Circuit, Calden
 * Mainz-Finthen Circuit, Mainz
 * Motodrom Gelsenkirchen, Gelsenkirchen
 * Opel-Rennbahn, Rüsselsheim am Main
 * Rennstrecke Dessau, Dessau
 * Regio-Ring, Lahr
 * Siegerlandring, Siegerland
 * Südschleife, Nürburg
 * Zweibrücken Circuit, Zweibrücken
 * Wunstorf Air Base Circuit, Wunstorf

Greece

 * Athens Circuit, Megara
 * Serres Racing Circuit, Serres

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo Pedro Cofiño, Escuintla
 * Guatemala Raceway, Escuintla

Inactive

 * Base Naval del Pacifico, Escuintla
 * Parque Las Ninfas, Amatitlán

Guernsey

 * Val de Terres, Guernsey

Guyana

 * South Dakota Circuit, Georgetown

Haiti

 * Circuit 9, Port-au-Prince

Hong Kong

 * Hong Kong Central Harbourfront Circuit

Hungary

 * Ádándi Rallycross, Ádánd, Somogy megye
 * Balaton Park Circuit, Balatonfőkajár
 * Budapest Street Circuit, Budapest
 * Euroring, Örkény, Pest megye
 * Győr-Likócsi gokartpálya, Győr, Győr-Moson-Sopron megye
 * Kakucsring, Kakucs, Pest megye
 * Kaloring, Kalocsa, Bács-Kiskun megye
 * Kamaraerdei Tanpálya, Budapest
 * Kecskemét gokartpálya, Kecskemét
 * Kiskunlacházai Szinkronpálya, Kiskunlacháza, Pest megye
 * Kiskunlacházi Reptér, Kiskunlacháza, Pest megye
 * Magyar Nemzetkozi Motodrome, Hajdúnánás
 * Mezőkövesdi Reptér, Mezőkövesd, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye
 * Népliget Street Circuit, Népliget, Budapest
 * Nyírádi Motorsport Centrum, Nyírád, Veszprém megye
 * Pannónia-Ring, Ostffyasszonyfa
 * Pusztaottlaka-Ladakrossz, Pusztaottlaka, Békés megye
 * Rába-ring, Écs
 * Rabócsi-Ring, Rabócs, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megye
 * Taszári Reptér, Taszár, Somogy megye
 * Tökölring, Tököli Reptér, Tököl, Pest megye
 * Veszprém-Szentkirályszabadja Reptér, Veszprém-Szentkirályszabadja, Veszprém megye
 * Visonta Gokarland, Gyöngyösvisonta, Heves megye

Permanent circuits

 * Madras International Circuit, Irungattukottai
 * Kari Motor Speedway, Coimbatore

Street circuits

 * Hyderabad Street Circuit, Hyderabad
 * Chennai Formula Racing Circuit, Chennai

Inactive

 * Pune Street Circuit, Pune
 * Sholavaram Airstrip, Chennai

New Racetracks (Under Construction)

 * Nanoli Speedway, Pune
 * Marque One, Kotapally
 * Pista Motor Raceway, Hyderabad
 * Coimbatore Auto Sports Transportation Trust (CoASTT)High Performance Centre, Coimbatore

Permanent circuits

 * Balipat Circuit, Tapin
 * Bongohulawa Circuit, Gorontalo
 * Boyolali City Circuit, Boyolali
 * Bumi Rahayu Circuit, Bulungan
 * Bukit Peusar Circuit, Tasikmalaya
 * Cibatu Circuit, Majalengka
 * Gelora Bung Tomo Circuit, Surabaya
 * Gery-Mang Circuit, Subang
 * Jaya Abadi Circuit, Lampung
 * Jhonlin Circuit, Tanah Bambu
 * Kota Batik Circuit, Pekalongan City
 * Kuala Tungkal Circuit, Jambi
 * Lanay Jaya Circuit, East Kutai
 * Marido Circuit, Tabalong
 * Mijen Circuit, Semarang
 * Nanga-Nanga Circuit, Southeast Sulawesi
 * Padang Panjang Manna Circuit, Bengkulu
 * Pancing Circuit IMI, Medan
 * Sabaru Circuit, Pontianak
 * Kalan Circuit, Samarinda
 * Sawahlunto Circuit, Sawahlunto
 * Selagalas Circuit, Mataram City
 * Soewondo Air Force Base Circuit, Medan
 * Sirkuit Manggul, Lahat
 * Sirkuit Puncak Mario, Sidenreng Rappang
 * Skyland Circuit, Musi Banyuasin
 * Sport Center GOR Wergu, Kudus City
 * Sumber Alam Circuit, Purworejo
 * Tembong Jaya Circuit, Serang
 * Temindung Airport Circuit, Samarinda
 * Widuri Beach Circuit, Pemalang

Street circuits

 * Alun-Alun Tegal Circuit, Tegal
 * Bandungan Convention Center, Semarang
 * BSD City Street Circuit, BSD City, South Tangerang
 * Idi Regency Government Centre Circuit, East Aceh
 * Jakarta International e-Prix Circuit, Ancol, North Jakarta
 * Kajen City Square Street Track, Pekalongan
 * Sirkuit Alun-Alun Kebumen, Kebumen
 * Sirkuit Alun-Alun Purbalingga, Purbalingga
 * Sirkuit Alun-Alun Wonosobo, Wonosobo
 * Sirkuit GOR Satria, Purwokerto

Former track

 * Jaya Ancol Circuit, Ancol, Jakarta (defunct)
 * Ria Kenjeran Park Circuit, Surabaya (defunct)
 * Lippo Village Street Circuit, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang (defunct)

Iran

 * Azadi Circuit, Tehran
 * Tehran International Autodrome, Tehran

Permanent circuits

 * Mondello Park, County Kildare

Temporary circuits

 * Crossakiel Road Circuit, Crossakiel
 * Skerries Road Racing Circuit, County Dublin

Inactive

 * Boyne 100, Tullyallen
 * Carrigrohane, County Cork
 * The Curragh, County Kildare
 * Munster 100, County Cork
 * Phoenix Park Grand Prix Circuit, Dublin
 * Wicklow Road Racing Circuit, Wicklow

Ovals

 * Coolronan Raceway, Ballivor, Meath
 * Tipperary Raceway, Rosegreen, Tipperary
 * Waterford Raceway, Dungarvan

Isle of Man

 * Billown Circuit
 * Clypse Course
 * Four Inch Course
 * Highroads Course
 * St. John's Short Course
 * Jurby

Permanent circuits

 * ARAD Racing Track, Arad
 * MotorCity Motorpark Racing Circuit, Beersheba
 * Peza'el Circuit, Yifat

Inactive

 * Formula Israel Circuit, Eilat

Inactive

 * Barnea Beach Street Circuit, Ashkelon

Street circuits

 * Circuito automobilistico di Salerno, Salerno
 * Circuito Cittadino dell'EUR, Rome
 * Circuito Cittadino di Cagliari, Cagliari
 * Circuito di Bergamo, Bergamo
 * Circuito di Biella, Biella
 * Circuito di Brescia, Brescia
 * Circuito di Collemaggio, L'Aquila
 * Circuito di Montichiari, Montichiari
 * Circuito di Siracusa, Siracusa
 * Circuito del Garda, Salò
 * Circuito del Lario, Asso
 * Circuito della Superba, Genoa
 * Circuito delle Caldaie, Ascoli Piceno
 * Circuito di Ospedaletti, Ospedaletti
 * Mellaha Lake Circuit, Italian Tripolitania, now in Libya
 * Montenero Circuit, Livorno
 * Sempione Park Circuit, Milan
 * Valentino Park Circuit, Turin

Non-permanent circuits

 * Autodromo di Vairano, Pavia

Permanent circuits

 * Autodromo del Levante, Binetto
 * Autodromo del Sele, Battipaglia
 * Autodromo dell'Umbria, Magione
 * Autodromo di Anagni, Anagni
 * Autodromo di Franciacorta, Castrezzato
 * Autodromo di Modena, Modena
 * Autodromo di Mores, Mores
 * Autodromo di Pergusa, Enna
 * Autodromo Piero Taruffi (Vallelunga Circuit), Campagnano di Roma
 * Autodromo Pista d'oro, Guidonia Montecelio
 * Autodromo Riccardo Paletti, Varano de' Melegari
 * Autodromo Valle dei Templi, Racalmuto
 * Circuito di Cellole, Cellole
 * Circuito di Fiorano, Fiorano Modenese
 * Circuito di Lombardore, Lombardore
 * Circuito di Torretta, Torretta
 * Circuito Internazionale d'Abruzzo, Ortona
 * Circuito internazionale di Viterbo, Viterbo
 * Circuito Tazio Nuvolari, Cervesina
 * Cremona Circuit, San Martino del Lago

Historic circuits

 * Adria International Raceway, Adria
 * Autodromo di Morano sul Po, Pontestura
 * Modena Autodrome, Modena
 * Nardò Ring, Nardò
 * Tripoli, Italian Tripolitania, now in Libya

Permanent circuits

 * Dover Raceway, Brown's Town, Saint Ann
 * Jamwest Motorsports & Adventure Park, Little London, Westmoreland Parish

Inactive

 * Vernam Field, Gimme-Me-Bit, Clarendon Parish

Street circuits

 * Tokyo Street Circuit, Tokyo Prefecture

Permanent circuits

 * Asama Kazan, Tsumagoi, Gunma Prefecture
 * Asan Circuit, Miyoshi District, Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku
 * Autopolis, Hita District, Ōita Prefecture
 * Central Circuit, Taka District, Hyōgo Prefecture
 * Ebisu Circuit, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima Prefecture,
 * Honda Safety & Riding Plaza Kyūshū, Kikuchi District, Kumamoto Prefecture

 * Nasu Motor Sports Land, Kuroiso, Tokushima, Tochigi Prefecture
 * Nakayama Circuit, Wake District, Okayama Prefecture
 * Nihonkai Maze Circuit, Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture
 * Sodegaura Forest Raceway, Sodegaura, Chiba Prefecture
 * Sportsland SUGO, Murata, Miyagi Prefecture
 * SPA Naoiri, Naoiri, Ōita Prefecture
 * Spa Nishiura Motor Park, Gamagōri, Aichi Prefecture
 * The Magarigawa Club、Minamibōsō、Chiba Prefecture
 * Tokachi International Speedway, Sarabetsu, Hokkaido
 * Tsukuba Circuit, Shimotsuma, Ibaraki Prefecture

Inactive circuits

 * Yatabe Test Track, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Hokkaido Speed Park, Kutchan, Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaido
 * Tamagawa Speedway Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture
 * Sendai Hi-Land Raceway, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture
 * Inagawa Circuit, Inagawa, Kawabe District, Hyōgo Prefecture

 * Mazda Mine Proving Ground, Mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture

Jersey

 * Bouley Bay, Jersey

Jordan

 * Manja International Circuit, Amman

Inactive

 * Nakuru Motor Racing Circuit (aka Langalanga), Gilgil, Nakuru

Kuwait

 * Kuwait Motor Town, Ali Sabah Al Salem, Ahmadi Governorate

Latvia

 * Biķernieki Complex Sports Base, Biķernieki district, Riga, Home of the 1000km Grand Prix Riga endurance race.
 * 333 sports base, Near Ropaži, Riga district. Popular event place and drift track.

Inactive

 * Beirut Circuit, Beirut

Inactive

 * Autodromo della Mellaha, Tripoli

Lithuania

 * Nemuno Žiedas, Kačerginė
 * Palangos trasa, Palanga
 * Vilkyčiai Circuit, Šilutė

Luxembourg

 * Circuit Goodyear, Colmar-Berg
 * Findel Circuit, site of the 1950s Luxembourg Grand Prix

Macau

 * Guia Circuit, Macau (see also Macau Grand Prix)

Permanent circuits

 * Dato Sagor Circuit, Kampung Gajah
 * Melaka International Motorsport Circuit, Ayer Keroh

Inactive

 * Johor Street Circuit, Johor Bahru
 * Klang Street Circuit, Klang
 * Kuala Lumpur Street Circuit, Kuala Lumpur
 * Putrajaya Street Circuit, Putrajaya

Maldives

 * Hulhumale' Racing Track, Malé

Active tracks

 * Autódromo de León, León, Guanajuato, Guanajuato
 * Autódromo de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo
 * Autódromo del Águila, Morelia, Michoacán
 * Autódromo Durango, Durango, Durango
 * Autódromo Emerson Fittipaldi, Yucatán
 * Autódromo Francisco Villa, Chihuahua, Chihuahua
 * Autódromo Guadalajara (also known as Autódromo Hermanos Gallo, Autódromo Toluquilla), Guadalajara, Jalisco
 * Autodromo Internacional de Cancún, Cancún, Quintana Roo
 * Autódromo Internacional de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas
 * Autódromo Miguel E. Abed, Amozoc, Puebla
 * Autódromo Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León
 * Autódromo Potosino, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
 * Autódromo San Luis 400, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
 * Autódromo Torreón, Torreón, Coahuila
 * Circuito Centro Dinámico Pegaso, Toluca, Estado de México
 * Circuito Motokart, Tehuacán, Puebla
 * EcoCentro Expositor Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro
 * Ovalo Aguascalientes México, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
 * Súper Óvalo Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas
 * Trióvalo Internacional de Cajititlán, Guadalajara, Jalisco

Former street courses

 * Circuito de las Américas, Cancún, Quintana Roo
 * Circuito "T" Adatiz, Atizapán, Estado de México

Former tracks

 * Autódromo de Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila
 * Fundidora Park Circuit, Monterrey, Nuevo León

Mongolia

 * Mongol63 Circuit, Ulaanbaatar

Morocco

 * Circuit International Automobile Moulay El Hassan, Marrakesh

Inactive

 * Anfa Circuit, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat
 * Circuit Automobile de Kénitra, Kenitra, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
 * Circuit d'Agadir, Agadir, Souss-Massa
 * La Corniche, Casablanca, Casablanca-Settat
 * Mohammedia, Mohammedia, Casablanca-Settat

Mozambique

 * Autódromo Internacional de Maputo, Maputo

Inactive circuits

 * Circuito da Beira, Beira, Sofala
 * Lourenço Marques street circuit, Maputo

Namibia

 * Tony Rust Raceway, Windhoek, Khomas Region

Netherlands

 * ACON Circuit, Sint Maarten
 * Blauwhuis Speedway, Blauwhuis
 * Circuit Paalgraven, Oss
 * De Polderputten, Ter Apel
 * Eurocircuit, Valkenswaard
 * JaBa Circuit, Posterholt
 * Midland Circuit Lelystad, Lelystad
 * Raceway Ter Apel, Ter Apel
 * Raceway Venray, Venray
 * Speedway Emmen, Emmen
 * Kart Circuit Pottendijk, Emmen
 * Varsselring, Hengelo

Inactive circuits

 * Allee-circuit, Wijnandsrade
 * Eemshaven Circuit, Eemshaven

Street circuits

 * Cemetery Circuit, Wanganui (a.k.a. Southern Hemisphere's Isle of Man)
 * Dunedin Street Circuit, Dunedin (see also Southern Festival of Speed)
 * Greymouth Street Circuit, Greymouth, New Zealand
 * Paeroa Street Circuit, Paeroa (a.k.a. Battle of the Streets)
 * Port Nelson Street Circuit, Nelson

Permanent circuits

 * Circuit Chris Amon (Manfeild), Feilding
 * Euromarque Motorsport Park, Christchurch
 * Hampton Downs Motorsport Park, North Waikato
 * Highlands Motorsport Park, Cromwell
 * Taupo International Motorsport Park, Taupō
 * Teretonga Park, Invercargill
 * Timaru International Motor Raceway (levels), Timaru

Dirt track ovals

 * Baypark Speedway, Mount Maunganui, Bay of Plenty
 * Beachlands Speedway, Dunedin, Otago
 * Central Motor Speedway, Cromwell, Otago
 * Central Energy Trust Arena, Palmerston North Central, Manawatū-Whanganui
 * Eastern States Speedway, Blenheim, Marlborough
 * Gisborne Speedway, Awapuni, Gisborne
 * Greenstone Park Speedway, Greymouth, West Coast
 * Huntly International Speedway, Huntly, Waikato
 * Kihikihi Speedway, Kihikihi, Waikato
 * Meeanee Speedway, Napier, Hawke's Bay
 * Moore Park Speedway, West Melton, Canterbury
 * Nelson Speedway, Richmond, Tasman
 * Ocean View Speedway, Whanganui, Manawatū-Whanganui
 * Oreti Park Speedway, Invercargill, Southland
 * Paradise Valley Speedway, Ngongotahā Valley, Bay of Plenty
 * Riverside Speedway, Oreti Beach, Southland
 * Robertson Prestige International Speedway, Palmerston North, Manawatū-Whanganui
 * Rosebank Speedway, Avondale, Auckland
 * Ruapuna Speedway, Christchurch, Canterbury
 * Springs Speedway, Western Springs, Auckland
 * Stratford Speedway, Stratford, Taranaki
 * Waikaraka Park, Onehunga, Auckland
 * Wellington Family Speedway, Upper Hutt, Wellington
 * Woodford Glen Speedway, Kaiapoi, Canterbury

Drag strips

 * Amisfield Dragstrip, Tokoroa, Waikato
 * Euromarque Motorsport Park, Christchurch, Canterbury
 * Masterton Motorplex, Masterton, Wellington
 * Meremere Dragway, Meremere, Waikato
 * Motueka Aerodrome, Motueka, Tasman
 * Taupo International Motorsport Park, Taupō

Inactive tracks

 * Hamilton Street Circuit, Hamilton City (a.k.a. Hamilton 400)
 * Pukekohe Park Raceway, Pukekohe
 * Wellington Street Circuit, Wellington City (see also Wellington 500)
 * Wigram Airfield Circuit, Christchurch (see also Tasman Series)

Historic tracks

 * Ardmore Circuit, South Auckland (circuit/drag racing)
 * Bay Park Raceway, Tauranga (circuit racing)
 * Kerrs Road, Wiri (drag racing)
 * Muriwai Beach, Muriwai
 * Napier Airport (drag racing)
 * Ohakea Circuit, Bulls
 * Thunderpark, Hastings (drag racing)

Norway

 * Arctic Circle Raceway, Mo i Rana
 * Fjord Motorpark, Karmøy, (under construction)
 * Motorcenter Norway (also known as KNA Raceway)
 * Lånkebanen, Hell
 * Rudskogen, Rakkestad
 * Vålerbanen, Våler

Drag strips

 * Gardermoen Raceway, Gardermoen

Frozen lake circuits (Norwegian Grand Prix)

 * Bogstad
 * Gjersjøen, Oppegård
 * Lake Mjøsa

Oman

 * Muscat Speedway, Muscat

Pakistan

 * Karachi Omni Racing Track, Karachi

Inactive

 * AM Speedway, Sindh

Paraguay

 * Autódromo Víctor Rubén Dumot, Capiatá

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo Internacional de Panamá, Mendoza, Panamá Oeste Province

Inactive

 * Río Hato Circuit, Río Hato, Coclé Province

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo La Chutana, Pucusana
 * Autódromo Tacna, Tacna

Inactive

 * Autódromo de Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, Lima
 * Circuito Agua Dulce, Chorrillos, Lima

Inactive

 * El Campo de Marte, Jesús María District, Lima

Permanent tracks

 * Batangas Racing Circuit, Rosario, Batangas
 * Carmona Racing Circuit, Carmona, Cavite
 * Clark International Speedway, Angeles City
 * Pampanga International Circuit, Porac, Pampanga
 * Tarlac Circuit Hill, San Jose, Tarlac

Inactive

 * Subic International Raceway, Subic Bay Freeport Zone

Permanent Circuits

 * Autodrom Jastrząb, Radom
 * Autodrom Słomczyn, Słomczyn
 * Moto Park Toruń, Toruń
 * Silesia Ring, Kamień Śląski
 * Kielce Racing Circuit, Kielce
 * Tor Krzywa, Osła
 * Tor Łódź, Łódź
 * Tor Poznań, Poznań
 * Wyrazów Racing Circuit, Częstochowa

Inactive circuits

 * Magnolia Circuit, Szczecin
 * Pixers Ring, Osła

Permanent circuits

 * Circuito Vasco Sameiro, Braga

Street circuits

 * Circuito Internacional de Vila Real, Vila Real

Permanent circuits

 * Autódromo Rafael Hernández Colón, Ponce
 * Salinas Speedway, Salinas

Street circuits

 * Isla Grande Airport Circuit, San Juan

Drag strips

 * Autódromo José "Cheo" Gómez, Arecibo
 * Carolina Speedway, Carolina
 * Rio Drag Park, Juana Díaz

Inactive/closed circuits

 * Antilles Auto Racing Circuit, Caguas
 * Riverside Speedway, Añasco

Permanent circuits

 * MotorPark Romania, Adâncata, Ialomița
 * Transilvania Motor Ring, Ungheni, Mureş

Street circuits

 * Bucharest Ring, Bucharest

Permanent circuits

 * Autodrom Moscow, Moscow
 * Autodrom Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg
 * Fort Grozny Autodrom, Grozny
 * Igora Drive, Sosnovo
 * Kazan Ring, Kazan
 * Moscow Raceway, Moscow
 * NRING Circuit, Nizhny Novgorod
 * Primring, Artyom, Russia
 * Red Ring (race track), Krasnoyarsk
 * Simbirskiy Sport Park, Ulyanovsk (under construction)
 * Smolensk Ring, Smolensk

Street circuits

 * Kurskaya Duga, Kursk
 * Lipetskiy Climb (Lipetsky Podjom), Lipetsk
 * Neva Ring (Nevskoe Ring), Saint Petersburg
 * Togliatti Ring, Togliatti

Permanent circuits

 * Dirab Motorsport Park, Riyadh
 * Jeddah Raceway, Jeddah
 * Reem International Circuit, Riyadh

Inactive

 * Riyadh Street Circuit, Diriyah

Senegal

 * Circuit de Dakar Baobabs, Thiès Region

Temporary circuits

 * Mišeluk, Novi Sad
 * Kragujevac
 * Batajnica Air Base, Batajnica
 * Ušće, Belgrade
 * Kalemegdan Park, Belgrade (1939 Belgrade Grand Prix)

Permanent circuits

 * Beranovac, Kraljevo
 * NAVAK, Subotište

Inactive

 * Thomson Road Grand Prix circuit, Thomson Road

Permanent track

 * Automotodróm Slovakia Ring, Orechová Potôň

Street tracks
Piešťany Airfield Circuit, Piešťany

Slovenia

 * Poligon Gaj, Cerklje ob Krki

Permanent tracks

 * Aldo Scribante Circuit, Gqeberha
 * Blue Circle Raceway, Lichtenburg
 * Dezzi Raceway, Port Shepstone
 * Killarney Motor Racing Complex (WPMC), Cape Town
 * Midvaal Raceway (previously Race-Rite Raceway), Gauteng
 * Red Star Raceway, Delmas
 * The Rock Raceway, Brakpan
 * Zwartkops Raceway, Gauteng

Inactive

 * Brandkop Circuit, Bloemfontein
 * Gosforth Park, Germiston
 * Grand Central Circuit, Midrand
 * Palmietfontein Circuit, Katlehong
 * Roy Hesketh Circuit, Pietermaritzburg
 * WesBank Raceway, Gauteng

Inactive

 * Alexandra Park Street Circuit, Pietermaritzburg
 * Cape Town Street Circuit, Cape Town
 * Durban Street Circuit, Durban
 * Germiston Street Circuit, Germiston
 * Gunner's Circle, Cape Town
 * Paarden Eiland Circuit, Paarden Eiland
 * Sacks Circle Circuit, Cape Town

Drag strips

 * Tarlton International Raceway, Krugersdorp

Permanent circuits

 * Everland Speedway, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do
 * Inje Speedium, Inje, Gangwon-do
 * Taebaek Racing Park, Gangwon-do

Inactive

 * Ansan Circuit, Ansan, Gyeonggi
 * Munmak Balborin Motor Park, Wonju, Gangwon

Temporary circuits

 * Seoul Street Circuit, Seoul

Inactive

 * Changwon Street Circuit, South Gyeongsang

Permanent circuits

 * Circuit de Calafat, L'Ametlla de Mar
 * Circuito de Albacete, Albacete
 * Circuito de Alcarrás, Alcarràs
 * Circuito de Almería, Tabernas, Almería
 * Circuito de Cartagena, Cartagena
 * Circuito Guadix, Granada
 * Circuito La Torrica, Fuente Álamo de Murcia
 * Circuito Monteblanco, Huelva
 * Circuito Islas Canarias, Telde, Gran Canaria
 * Circuito Urbano de La Bañeza, La Bañeza
 * Circuito de Navarra, Los Arcos
 * Mallorca RennArena, L'Arenal, (Palma de Mallorca)
 * Parcmotor Castellolí, Castellolí (Barcelona)

Test circuits

 * Ascari Race Resort, Ronda
 * Idiada Test Track, Santa Oliva, Tarragona

Rallycross circuits

 * Ciudad Deportiva Islas Canarias, Telde, Gran Canaria

Inactive circuits

 * Autódromo de Sitges Terramar, Sitges (Barcelona)
 * Bilbao Street Circuit, Bilbao
 * Circuito de Guadarrama, Madrid
 * Circuito Guadalope, Alcañiz
 * Circuito Lasarte, Lasarte-Oria
 * Llevant, Mataró, Vilassar de Mar, Argentona (Catalunya)
 * Tarragona, Tarragona
 * Villafranca, Villafranca (Valencia)

Permanent circuits

 * Kanway Autodrome, Mirigama
 * Katukurunda Racing Track, Kalutara
 * Pannala International Racing Circuit, Pannala

Inactive

 * Colombo Street Circuit, Colombo

Suriname

 * Suriname Motorsport Park (Motosur), Afobakaweg, Rama

Street circuits

 * Göteborg City Race
 * Norra Vram
 * Solvalla Stockholm

Permanent circuits

 * Drivecenter Arena, Fällfors
 * Falkenbergs Motorbana, Vinberg
 * Gotland Ring, Kappelshamn
 * Kinnekulle Ring, Kinnekulle
 * Ljungbyheds Motorbana, Ljungbyhed
 * Mantorp Park, Mantorp
 * Mittsverigebanan, Härnösand
 * Ring Knutstorp, Helsingborg
 * Sturup Raceway, Malmö
 * Svistads Motorstadion, Linköping
 * Tierp Arena, Tierp

Frozen lake circuits

 * Lake Rämen

Permanent circuits

 * Buochs
 * Hittnau
 * Lignières, Switzerland

Hillclimbs

 * Ayent-Anzère
 * Gurnigel
 * La Roche-La Berra
 * St. Ursanne-Les Rangiers

Street circuits

 * Bern Street Circuit, Bern
 * Zürich Street Circuit, Zürich

Syria

 * Syrian Automobile Club Circuit, Badda

Taiwan

 * Lihpao Racing Park, Taichung

Inactive

 * Longtan National Speedway, Longtan
 * Penbay International Circuit, Donggang

Permanent circuits

 * Bira Circuit, Chonburi Province
 * Chiangrai Circuit Raceway Maelao, Mae Lao
 * Kaeng Krachan Circuit, Phetchaburi Province
 * Thailand Circuit, Nakhon Pathom Province

Inactive

 * Bonanza International Circuit, Nakhon Ratchasima
 * Watthana Nakhon Circuit, Watthana Nakhon

Temporary circuits

 * Bangsaen Street Circuit, Chonburi

Inactive

 * Bangkok Street Circuit, Bangkok
 * Korat Circuit, Nakhon Ratchasima
 * Prachuap Street Circuit, Prachuap Khiri Khan

Trinidad and Tobago

 * Wallerfield International Raceway, Cumuto

Inactive

 * Carthage Street Circuit, Tunis
 * Circuito du Belvedere, Belvedere Park, Tunis
 * Le Bardo Street Circuit, Le Bardo

Turkey

 * Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield, Çatalca
 * İzmir Park, İzmir
 * İzmit Körfez Circuit, Körfez, Kocaeli

Permanent circuits

 * Autodrome Chaika, Chaiky

Under construction

 * Crimea Grand Prix Circuit, Suvorovske

Street circuits

 * 6km, Odesa
 * Lvivskyi Triangle, Lviv

Permanent kart tracks

 * Dnipro Kart, Kamianske
 * Ltavaring, Poltava

Dirt tracks

 * Autodrome Kosmichnyi, Balabyne
 * Bakhmutskyi Shlyakh, Bakhmut
 * Cherkaska Lozova, Cherkaska Lozova
 * Dnepr Cross, Dnipro
 * Kryvbas Extreme, Kryvyi Rih
 * Supercross, Chernivtsi

Inactive tracks

 * Galring, Lviv
 * Moldovanka, Odesa
 * Olimpiysky NSC, Kyiv
 * Osokorky, Kyiv
 * Peremohy Embankment, Dnipro
 * Sykhivskyi Bridge, Lviv
 * Yalita, Yalta

Permanent circuits

 * Dubai Autodrome, Dubai

Inactive

 * Dubai Motor Grand Prix Circuit, Dubai

Permanent circuits

 * Anglesey Circuit, Aberffraw, Anglesey
 * Bedford Autodrome, Bedfordshire
 * Blyton, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
 * Cadwell Park, Lincolnshire
 * Castle Combe Circuit, Castle Combe, Wiltshire
 * Central Park, Cowdenbeath, Fife
 * Circuit of Wales, Ebbw Vale, Blaenau Gwent
 * Croft Circuit, North Yorkshire
 * Darley Moor Airfield, Derbyshire
 * East Fortune, East Lothian
 * Goodwood Motor Racing Circuit, West Sussex
 * Knockhill, Fife
 * Llandow Circuit, Vale of Glamorgan
 * Lydden, Canterbury, Kent
 * Mallory Park, Leicestershire
 * Nutts Corner, Belfast
 * Oliver's Mount, North Yorkshire
 * Oulton Park, Cheshire
 * Pembrey Circuit, Pembrey, Carmarthenshire
 * Santa Pod Raceway, Podington, Bedfordshire
 * Snetterton Circuit, Norfolk
 * Thruxton, Hampshire
 * Tonfanau, Gwynedd

Street circuits

 * New Brighton, Wirral
 * Tandragee, County Antrim, Tandragee 100 race
 * Battersea Park Street Circuit, London

Inactive circuits

 * Beveridge Park, Kirkcaldy 1948–1988
 * Blandford circuit, Blandford Military Camp, Dorset Used for club racing in between 1948 and 1950. 3.5 mile long
 * Birmingham Superprix, Birmingham 1986–1990
 * Boreham Circuit, Chelmsford 1949–1953
 * Brooklands circuit, Weybridge, Surrey Superspeedway 1907–1939.
 * Brough Circuit, East Riding of Yorkshire 1949–1957
 * Catterick Circuit, North Yorkshire 1958–1963
 * Crystal Palace Circuit Used from 1927 to 1972, currently active for annual Sprint event using part of previous circuits.
 * Davidstow Circuit, cornwall 1953–1955
 * Debden Circuit, Saffron Walden, Essex 1962–1965, although still active Sprint venue
 * Fersfield, Diss, Norfolk 1951–1952
 * Full Sutton Circuit, Yorkshire 1958
 * Haddenham Circuit, Buckinghamshire 1948-1949
 * Ingliston, Edinburgh 1965–1994, although still active for club events and driving experience days.
 * Gamston, Nottinghamshire 1950–1951
 * Gransden Lodge Airfield, Cambridgeshire 1946–1947
 * Ibsley Circuit, Hampshire 1951–1955
 * Linton-on-Ouse, Yorkshire 1960–1961
 * Longridge circuit, Preston, Lancashire 1973–1978
 * Lulsgate Aerodrome, Bristol 1949–1950
 * Pebsham Circuit, 1956/7 planning application submit to Hastings and Bexhill Councils
 * Rockingham Motor Speedway, Corby, Northamptonshire

Hillclimb venues

 * Barbon Manor
 * Baitings Dam, Ripponden, Yorkshire
 * Bo'ness
 * Chateau Impney
 * Cultra, Holywood, County Down
 * Doune
 * Eagle's Rock
 * Fintray
 * Forrestburn
 * Harewood
 * Gurston Down
 * Loton Park
 * Llys-y-Fran
 * Prescott
 * Oliver's Mount
 * Longleat
 * Shelsley Walsh
 * Scammonden Dam
 * Tregrehan
 * Werrington
 * Wiscombe Park

Sprint venues

 * Abingdon, Dalton Barracks, Abingdon
 * Aintree
 * Alford Grampian Transport Museum
 * Anglesey (Ty Croes)
 * Barkston Heath
 * Bentwaters Park
 * Bishopscourt
 * Blyton, Gainsborough
 * Boyndie, 3 miles west of Banff
 * Brawdy, 12 miles west of Haverfordwest
 * Carnaby
 * Castle Combe Circuit, near Chippenham
 * Chivenor, North Devon
 * Colerne Airfield
 * Curborough
 * Debden
 * Dunkeswell
 * Elvington
 * Golspie
 * Hethel, Group Lotus test track, near Wymondham
 * Kames
 * Llandow, South Wales
 * Longcross, near Chertsey
 * MIRA
 * New Brighton
 * North Weald airfield, Essex
 * Rushmoor Arena, near Aldershot, Hampshire
 * Thorseby Park
 * Three Sisters
 * Top Gear test track, Dunsfold Aerodrome, Surrey

Drag racing venues

 * Long Marston Airfield, Stratford-upon-Avon Closed 2018
 * Santa Pod Raceway, Podington, Bedfordshire
 * York Raceway, Pocklington
 * Elvington Airfield, RAF Elvington, North Yorkshire

Northern Ireland

 * Bishopscourt Racing Circuit, County Down
 * Kirkistown Circuit, County Down
 * Nutts Corner Raceway, Antrim
 * Tullyroan Oval, Armagh
 * Coleraine - The Triangle, County Londonderry, North West 200
 * Dundrod Circuit, County Antrim
 * Clady Circuit, County Antrim
 * Lake Torrent, Tyrone, 2018 failed project
 * Benbradagh
 * Cairncastle
 * Cultra, Holywood, County Down
 * Drumhorc
 * Craigantlet

United States
Dirt Racing Ovals in the United States

Uruguay

 * Autodromo Araoz Alfaro, Melo
 * Autodromo de CAMS, Paysandú
 * Autódromo Ciudad de Salto, Salto
 * Autódromo Eduardo Prudêncio Cabrera, Rivera
 * Autódromo Héctor Supicci Sedes, Tacuarembó
 * Autódromo Víctor Borrat Fabini, El Pinar
 * Polideportivo Ciudad de Mercedes, Mercedes

Street circuits

 * Circuito Urbano Real de San Carlos, Colonia del Sacramento
 * Montevideo Street Circuit, Parque Rodó
 * Piriapolis Street Circuit, Piriápolis
 * Punta del Este Street Circuit, Punta del Este

Inactive circuits

 * Autódromo de Punta Fría, Piriápolis

Vietnam

 * Happy Land International Circuit, Long An

Inactive

 * Hanoi Street Circuit, Hanoi

Venezuela

 * Autódromo Internacional Pancho Pepe Cróquer, Turagua, Aragua

Zambia

 * Lawrence Allen Circuit, Chingola
 * Ndola Motopark, Ndola

Zimbabwe

 * Belvedere Airport Circuit, Belvedere
 * Breedon Everard Raceway, Bulawayo
 * Donnybrook Raceway, Harare
 * James McNeillie Circuit, Bulawayo

title: List of motor racing tracks


text:
Shooting of James Ashley

James Ashley (1958 – 15 January 1998) was a British man who, while unarmed and naked, was shot dead by police in his flat in St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, on 15 January 1998. Armed officers raided the building on the suspicion that Ashley kept a firearm and a quantity of cocaine there, and to arrest him and another man in connection with a stabbing. Neither a firearm nor a significant quantity of drugs was found, the other man was not present, and it later emerged that Ashley was not implicated in the stabbing. Ashley, likely woken by the noise of the raid, was out of bed when an armed police officer entered his bedroom. On seeing the officer, Ashley raised one arm and the officer reacted by firing a single shot. Later that morning, Sussex Police chief constable Paul Whitehouse held a press conference in which he praised the conduct of the operation.

Two inquiries were held by other police forces under the auspices of the Police Complaints Authority (PCA), both of which strongly criticised the raid. The first found that the use of armed officers breached national guidelines, that the raid team had been inadequately trained, and that the officers in charge of it had received no training for their roles and had misrepresented intelligence to gain authorisation for the operation. The second inquiry accused Whitehouse, Deputy Chief Constable Mark Jordan, and Sussex's two assistant chief constables of colluding to obstruct the first. It suggested that Whitehouse knowingly gave false statements in his press conference, and recommended criminal charges against three of the four. The officer who shot Ashley was charged with murder in 2001 but acquitted on the grounds of self-defence. The officers who led the operation were charged with misconduct in public office and were also acquitted. No criminal charges were brought against the chief officers, but Jordan and Whitehouse both faced disciplinary proceedings. Jordan was suspended and allowed to retire in 2001. Whitehouse resigned in the same year under pressure from the Home Secretary, David Blunkett. His successor publicly apologised to Ashley's family in 2003.

Ashley's father and son sued the police for negligence and battery in Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police. The police offered to settle all damages under the action for negligence and the other claims were struck out at the High Court, which the family appealed. The case reached the House of Lords (then the United Kingdom's highest court), where the appeal was successful. The lords confirmed that the threshold for a plea of self-defence in a civil case was higher than in a criminal one and that it was for the litigants, not the judge, to decide which causes of action to pursue, even where no further damages were available.

Ashley's death has been compared to other mistaken police shootings in the United Kingdom, including those of Stephen Waldorf, John Shorthouse, Harry Stanley, and Jean Charles de Menezes. It was one of the cases considered in a 2003 report by the PCA which recommended stronger control of armed operations and equipping armed officers with less-lethal alternatives such as tasers.

Prelude
James "Jimmy" Ashley was a 39-year-old man from Liverpool living in St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, on the south coast of England. Ashley and a group of friends occupied three of the six flats in a converted house in Western Road. He was suspected by Sussex Police of being involved in the distribution of heroin, and the police had heard rumours that he owned a gun. They placed the house under surveillance in October 1997, though the operation was wound up without producing any substantive evidence.

On 7 January 1998, Ashley was present when Thomas "Tosh" McCrudden, a friend he had been drinking with, stabbed and seriously wounded another man in an argument outside a pub in Hastings town centre. Ashley's only involvement was to pull McCrudden away from the victim. In the following week, armed officers were deployed to pursue several leads but failed to apprehend McCrudden. Officers believed McCrudden was staying in the Western Road house and formulated a plan to raid it. Detectives obtained a search warrant based on a tip-off from an officer in the regional crime squad that a large quantity of cocaine had been delivered to the house, and the plan to use armed officers was authorised by the deputy chief constable, Mark Jordan, based on the rumour that Ashley had a firearm. The officers conducting the raid were briefed that McCrudden was dangerous and known to be in the flats and about the potential firearm. They were also told, incorrectly, that Ashley was wanted for shooting a man in Eastbourne and had a previous conviction for attempted murder. At the time, it was the largest firearms operation in Sussex Police's history, using 25 armed officers.

Shooting
On 15 January, at approximately 04:30, officers from Sussex Police executed a search warrant on the Western Road house. The operation had three stated objectives—the apprehension of McCrudden, the retrieval of the cocaine, and the seizure of the firearm. It used a technique known as "Bermuda", which was originally designed for hostage-rescue operations but had become standard in Sussex Police for rapid entry operations to secure evidence. The technique was known to be high-risk as it involved lone officers rapidly entering an assigned room before calling in backup if a threat was found, and had previously been criticised in the media, while other police forces had discontinued its use. Only four of the six occupants of the flats were the target of the raid, but the police did not have details of which occupants lived in which of the flats. The police also lacked plans for the building, which hampered the raid when they encountered a locked internal door. Once opened, the door blocked the entrance to Ashley's flat, further delaying the officers.

Ashley had been naked in bed when his girlfriend woke him to investigate a noise, likely caused by police forcing doors in the building. As he moved towards the door of his darkened bedroom, he suddenly encountered one of the officers. Ashley raised his arm, to which the officer reacted by firing a single shot at a range of about 2 ft. Ashley was hit in the armpit and the bullet travelled to his heart, killing him almost immediately. At the conclusion of the raid, no firearms or significant quantity of drugs (only a small quantity of cannabis) was found. Three men in two other flats were arrested but McCrudden was not among them and none were wanted by the police; all three were later released without charge. On the day of the raid, Sussex Police's chief constable, Paul Whitehouse, held a press conference at which he announced that Ashley had been wanted for attempted murder. He praised the conduct of the operation, and claimed that the deployment of armed officers had been justified and necessary.

Inquiries
An inquiry was launched by neighbouring Kent Police under the supervision of the Police Complaints Authority (PCA), and led by Barbara Wilding, an assistant chief constable. Two police constables (including PC Christopher Sherwood, the officer who shot Ashley) were suspended, along with three more senior officers—a superintendent and two inspectors. Two superintendents from other police forces, experts on police firearms policy, gave evidence to the Kent Police inquiry that the operation did not follow national guidelines for police use of firearms, and that the use of armed officers was not necessary to apprehend McCrudden as there was no evidence that he had access to firearms; further, if a firearm was believed to be in the flat, the preferable tactic would have been to arrest the suspects on the street rather than send police officers into the building. The investigation further found that the use of armed officers in earlier attempts to arrest McCrudden also breached national guidelines, in that senior officers improperly granted authority for the use of firearms, and that on several occasions armed officers self-deployed without authorisation at all.

The inquiry revealed that neither the police officer in charge of the manhunt for McCrudden (the incident commander) nor the intelligence commander on the operation were adequately trained for their roles and that they had been warned against the use of the "Bermuda" tactic by national experts because it presented too high a risk for the stated objectives, and that the police had failed to prepare for the operation by obtaining plans for the building and details of other occupants. It also emerged that the officers deployed on the raid had never trained as a group in the use of the tactic, and that Sherwood had never been trained in it individually. The Kent inquiry concluded that the basis for the raid was "not merely exaggerated, it was determinably false" and that the officers involved in its planning had "concocted" the evidence or planned to misrepresent it to justify the operation.

The PCA commissioned a second inquiry, convened in August 1998 and chaired by Sir John Hoddinott, chief constable of Hampshire Constabulary, to investigate the conduct of Sussex's chief officers, after Wilding's report accused them of obstructing her investigation. Hoddinott interviewed Whitehouse, Jordan, and Sussex's two assistant chief constables, Nigel Yeo and Maria Wallis, over allegations that they had misled the original inquiry by claiming that they could not recall key details and that they had misrepresented the intelligence that led to the raid. The Hoddinott inquiry suggested that the incident commander and intelligence commander both knew that neither McCrudden nor the cocaine were in the building, or that they at least exaggerated the strength of the intelligence, to bolster their case for authorisation to the deputy chief constable. In particular, the tip off from the regional crime squad was in fact in relation to a potential drugs shipment to an unrelated address, the belief that McCrudden was inside was exaggerated from a report of an unidentified man entering the building, and the report of a firearm was based on nothing more than rumour.

Hoddinott sharply criticised Whitehouse and the press conference he held on the day of the raid, in which, according to the report, Whitehouse "wilfully failed to tell the truth as he knew it; he did so without reasonable excuse or justification and what he published and said was misleading and therefore likely to injure the public interest". His report suggested there was "evidence of collusion between some or all of the chief officers" of Sussex Police to conceal what they already knew at the time of the press conference (that Ashley was unarmed, that no significant quantity of drugs had been found, and that McCrudden was not present), and that "an arguable case of attempting to pervert the course of justice might be made out", though he concluded that a charge of misconduct in public office was more credible. Hoddinott also accused Jordan of malfeasance, discreditable conduct, and supporting Whitehouse's false statements, and Yeo, one of the assistant chief constables, of malfeasance.

Prosecutions and disciplinary proceedings
Sherwood was charged with murder and tried at the Old Bailey in London in 2001, but was acquitted after the trial judge, Mrs Justice Anne Rafferty, directed the jury to find him not guilty. Sherwood claimed self-defence, telling the court that he feared for his life, believing—based on the briefing for the operation—that Ashley's outstretched arm was holding a firearm and was about to shoot. In directing the jury, the judge stated that no evidence had been presented that Sherwood fired other than in self-defence, and in her summing up suggested that "those who should be held accountable were not present" in her court. The superintendent and two inspectors suspended after the first inquiry were then prosecuted for misconduct in public office in relation to their planning and execution of the raid. The prosecution alleged that the three had deliberately failed to give an accurate representation of the intelligence but all three were found not guilty at Wolverhampton Crown Court when the Crown Prosecution Service declined to offer any evidence. Nigel Sweeney, prosecuting, told the court that the depth of "corporate failing" within Sussex Police made it impossible to place criminal liability with individual officers. Following the verdict Ashley's family announced their intention to sue Sussex Police for negligence.

Hoddinott's report was forwarded to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) for consideration of charges against the chief officers of Sussex Police for misconduct in public office, but the CPS dropped the case on the grounds of insufficient evidence. Whitehouse was suspended for three weeks while the Sussex police authority considered Hoddinott's report but was reinstated with written advice, in which the authority told him it was "not satisfied that you have not committed a disciplinary offence", and instructed him that "your role as a strong and supportive commander of your force should never be confused with your duty never to mislead or misinform". He resigned in 2001 after the Home Secretary, David Blunkett, wrote to the police authority, instructing them to consider dismissing Whitehouse. Jordan was also suspended after the report and faced internal disciplinary proceedings following the CPS's decision not to pursue criminal charges, but was allowed to retire on medical grounds in 2001. The three middle-ranking officers acquitted of misconduct in public office remained suspended pending internal disciplinary proceedings, which were dropped in 2003. The officers, along with two others involved in Ashley's death, sued the force the following year, claiming it had been negligent in failing to train them properly and that they had suffered psychiatric injury as a result of the shooting and subsequent criminal and disciplinary proceedings. Their case was thrown out at the High Court and an appeal in 2006 was dismissed on the grounds that the damages suffered were too remote from the alleged negligence to be reasonably foreseeable.

The local coroner opened an inquest in the immediate aftermath of Ashley's death but it was adjourned pending the outcome of the police investigations and criminal proceedings. In 2001, the coroner informed the interested parties that the inquest would not be resumed. As a result, the family began campaigning for a public inquiry into the circumstances of Ashley's death and the subsequent investigations. The government considered the request but no such inquiry was held.

Whitehouse's successor as chief constable, Ken Jones, almost immediately introduced changes to the force's policies on conducting armed operations. He also issued an apology on behalf of the force in 2003, travelling to Liverpool to make the apology to Ashley's mother in person. He said "James should not have died but, and this will be of small comfort to his loved ones and friends, his death has resulted in safer firearms procedures for us all". Ashley's family welcomed the apology but, with the backing of their local MP, Louise Ellman, continued to campaign for a public inquiry.

Civil case
Ashley's son and father sued Sussex Police for the torts of negligence (in respect of the planning of the operation and the shooting itself), battery, false imprisonment, and misfeasance in public office. The case was first heard by Mrs Justice Linda Dobbs in the High Court in 2004 as Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police. The police admitted false imprisonment and to negligence in relation to the planning of the raid but denied liability for all other counts (including negligence regarding the shooting itself). They offered to pay the full amount of damages sought by the Ashleys under those causes of action. Mrs Justice Dobbs ruled, on summary judgment, that the police's offer meant that continuing with the other claims would be an abuse of process, and that the action for battery had no realistic prospect of success as the burden of proof was on the claimants, who could not negate Sherwood's self-defence claim from the criminal trial.

The Ashleys appealed the striking out of their claim for battery to the Court of Appeal, where the case was heard in 2006. The Court of Appeal held that the judge had erred in her decision that the battery claim had no realistic prospect of success and in her decision that the burden of proof rested with the claimant to disprove a defence of self-defence in a civil case. The court allowed the family's appeal, holding that—in a civil action for battery—the burden was on the respondent (the police) to prove their claim of self-defence, and that the claim had to be based on both an "honest" and a "reasonable" belief of being in imminent danger, a higher standard than in criminal law. The court (by a majority) also held that continuing the claim for battery would not be an abuse of process, even though the police had offered to pay all the compensation sought by the family under the claims for negligence and false imprisonment (meaning that they would receive no further damages if their claim for battery succeeded).

The police appealed the decision to the House of Lords, then the United Kingdom's court of last resort. The Law Lords considered two main issues, both in relation to the battery claim. The first was the standard for a self-defence claim in a civil case and whether, in a case of a mistaken belief that the defendant was under attack, that belief must be both honest and reasonable, and the second was whether it would be an abuse of process to allow the battery claim to proceed given the police's offer to pay all the damages sought. On the first, the lords unanimously upheld the Court of Appeal's finding that both criteria must be met for a defence of self-defence to succeed in a tort action. Lord Scott noted that "it is fundamental to criminal law ... that, as a general rule, no-one should be punished for a crime he or she did not intend to commit or be punished for the consequences of an honest mistake" but that "the function of the civil law is ... to identify and protect the rights that every person is entitled to assert against, and require to be respected by, others" and that the law "must strike a balance between these conflicting rights". He concluded that "it is one thing to say that if A's mistaken belief was honestly held he should not be punished by the criminal law. It would be quite another to say that A's unreasonably held mistaken belief would be sufficient to justify the law in setting aside B's right not to be subjected to physical violence".

The lords were split on the second point, the minority (Lord Carswell and Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury) believing allowing the claim for battery to proceed would be an abuse of process given that no further damages were available. Lord Carswell, quoting Lord Justice Auld from the Court of Appeal, opined that "the civil courts exist to award compensation, not conduct public inquiries". Nonetheless, the majority (three to two) held that the battery claim was not an abuse of process and that it was for the litigants, not the judiciary, to decide which actions to pursue, noting that the success of the claim would not expose Sherwood to double jeopardy, and noting again the different purposes of tort and criminal law.

The police and the Ashley family agreed damages in 2009. In a statement, Ashley's son said "The police killed my dad illegally. They have now admitted it and apologised, and at last I know everything that happened". While maintaining that the shooting itself was not unlawful, the police issued a statement describing Ashley's death as "a tragedy which should never have occurred" and conceded that it "was caused by a series of failures at levels of Sussex Police in relation to events prior to the raid and its planning and execution ... Sussex Police also acknowledges that there were serious shortcomings in the way in which the aftermath of Mr Ashley's death was handled".

Impact
Although the case merely confirmed existing law, rather than changing it or creating new law, it was still deemed significant for its confirmation that the standard for a claim of self-defence was higher in a civil case than a criminal one, and for Lord Scott's analysis of the differing purposes of criminal and civil law and the confirmation that a "not guilty" verdict in a criminal court did not preclude civil liability.

According to Nick Davies, in an investigation for The Guardian newspaper in 2001, Ashley's death was one of 41 incidents in the preceding decade in which police in England and Wales shot a person who turned out not to have a firearm. Of those shootings, at least 15 proved fatal. In 28 of the 41 cases, the person shot had a replica firearm or some other kind of weapon, and another six were accidental discharges, leaving seven (including Ashley) which Davies described as "disturbing". Davies concluded that "this might look like a ... a licence for police officers to kill. In reality, it indicates something very different but equally disturbing...: police use of firearms is inherently dangerous. The more police are armed, the more they will shoot the wrong people. And the law which surrounds this is inadequate and incapable of fixing the blame when things go wrong".

Davies described Ashley's shooting as "merely the final shot in a volley of error unleashed by just about every rank in Sussex police". Ashley's death has been compared by the media and academics to several other mistaken shootings by police officers in Britain, in particular the 1983 shooting of Stephen Waldorf, the 1985 death of John Shorthouse, the 1999 death of Harry Stanley, and the 2005 death of Jean Charles de Menezes. Waldorf was a film editor shot and seriously injured by police officers in London after he was mistaken for an escaped criminal; he later sued the police and was awarded substantial damages. John Shorthouse was a five-year-old boy who was shot dead during an armed police raid on his parents' home in Birmingham. Stanley was shot dead by a police armed response team who mistook a table leg he was carrying for a firearm; after two inquests, a criminal investigation, and an independent inquiry it was eventually decided that the officers involved would not face criminal or disciplinary proceedings. Menezes was a Brazilian electrician who was wrongly identified as a fugitive terrorist involved in a failed suicide bombing the day before and was shot by counter-terrorism officers when he boarded a London Underground train. A 2005 article in The Independent, following the dropping of charges against the officers who shot Stanley, also drew comparisons with Ashley's case and listed it among 30 fatal police shootings in the preceding 12 years, none of which resulted in a successful prosecution of a police officer.

Maurice Punch, an academic specialising in policing issues, described the ramifications of the Ashley case as "profound" in that an individual police officer was charged with murder for actions taken "in the course of his duty and under the command of superiors" and for Mrs Justice Rafferty's comments regarding upward accountability, a theme Punch compared to the shooting of three Provisional IRA members by the Special Air Service in Gibraltar in 1988 (Operation Flavius).

Among Jones's first actions as the new chief constable was to strengthen Sussex Police's procedures for the deployment of armed officers. In January 2003, a PCA report considered 24 police shootings from 1998 to 2001, including Ashley's. Among its recommendations were that armed police officers also be equipped with non-lethal options, such as tasers, to reduce the chances of further shootings, a recommendation that was endorsed by Ashley's mother. The report also recommended stronger command and control of firearms operations.

title: Shooting of James Ashley


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