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Mirage (Magic: The Gathering)

Mirage was the first official block structure in Magic: The Gathering. This new block structure consisted of three expansion sets and would continue for nearly two decades, finally ending with Khans of Tarkir in 2014. The new block structure also set up the precedent that the first set in the block also became the name for the entire block. Mirage block consisted of three sets: Mirage, Visions and Weatherlight.

Storyline
The story concerns three of the most powerful nations of Jamuraa (a tropical continent modeled after Africa) — the militaristic kingdom of the Zhalfirins, the religious state of Femeref, and the trading province of the Suq'Ata empire. Zhalfir was the warrior nation, based mainly on red. Femeref was mainly white, and featured clerics and healers, while the seafaring traders of Suq'Ata were mostly blue. Mirage concerned these three nations and their struggle against the evil wizard Kaervek. Kaervek has imprisoned the powerful wizard and diplomat Mangara in an amber prison and the bulk of the story details the Jamuraans attempting to free Mangara. In addition to these events the planeswalker Teferi has caused his island to disappear from existence for almost 200 years. It is the phasing of the entire island that led Kaervek and Mangara to Jamuraa in the first place.

By the time of Visions, Femeref has been destroyed and Suq'Ata and Zhalfir begin to have internal problems as well. There is hope, however, when Kaervek's ally Jolrael betrays him at the urging of the planeswalker Teferi. Jamuraa's leaders, led by Jolrael's visions, free Mangara from the amber prison and begin to fight against Kaervek.

The storyline of Weatherlight is closely tied to the Weatherlight Saga. The story introduces the Weatherlight and her crew, who travel the planes of the multiverse in search of ancient artifacts known collectively as the Legacy. The captain of the ship, Sisay, is abducted to the shadowy world of Rath. Her old friend and crewmate, a former soldier named Gerrard, is pressed into taking command of the ship to rescue her. The story is continued in Magic's Tempest set.

Weatherlight Saga
The Weatherlight set was accompanied by a series of fictional works collectively known as the Weatherlight Saga. The saga was intended to be a "hero's journey"-style story, in which the characters were classic archetypes. Each was also assigned to represent a color in Magic's color wheel, so that the narrative and mechanical elements of the project would be more closely joined.

Then-developer Mark Rosewater chose the skyship Weatherlight and its captain, Sisay, as the germ of the new story. Rosewater has stated that making the story about a ship allowed for narrative flexibility in setting. After developing story and character ideas with Michael Ryan, Rosewater pitched the Saga idea to his bosses. The Saga was heavily referenced in the flavor text and card names of the set.

Weatherlight marks a turning point in design and marketing philosophy for the Magic game and brand. While previous sets included allusions to an overarching story, Weatherlight was the first set to explicitly tell an ordered narrative focused on developed, archetypical characters. Weatherlight marks the first use of a metaplot tied to a Magic set. The first novel, Rath and Storm, covers events shown in the Weatherlight set, while later novels tell stories for later game sets. It is referenced in sets until Apocalypse, although the aftermath of Saga events continued to be explored thereafter.

Mirage
Like Ice Age, Mirage began as a set of modifications to Alpha by a group of Richard Garfield's playtesters in winter 1992. Bill Rose, Charlie Catino, Joel Mick, Howard Kahlenberg, Don Felice and Elliott Segal created gameplay modifications and new cards that developed into "Menagerie", which developed over the course of three years. In October 1995, Mirage was sent to Wizards of the Coast for development. Rose led the development team of Mike Elliott, William Jockusch and Mark Rosewater, while Art Director Sue-Ann Harkey provided Mirage's African influenced look.

Mirage was created as an introduction to Jamuraa, with two more planned expansions to create a cohesive set. This model became the standard for Magic: The Gathering expansions and began the concept of "block rotation".

Mirage's public debut was at Pro Tour Atlanta 1996, where professional Magic players had the challenge of playing sealed deck with cards they had never seen before. Mirage was also the first set to have pre-releases at more than one city.

Wizards of the Coast's design and development team considers Mirage to be the first set of the "Silver Age" or "modern" era of Magic. It was the first set to be designed with Limited and Constructed play in mind. Previous designs had been imbalanced for formats like draft and sealed-deck, and cards were designed for casual players rather than with thought of their impact on the tournament scene.

On December 5, 2005, Mirage was released on Magic: The Gathering Online and was the first retroactively released set there. This was the first time in the three-and-a-half years that the online version of the game had existed that an expansion older than Invasion (2000) became playable on MTG Online. With their introduction on MTG Online, all Mirage cards received updated creature types and wordings to bring them in line with modern Magic cards.

It also introduced 5th Edition rules (5th Edition was released in March 1997).

Visions
The Visions expansion originated as a split from "Menagerie" (the original name for Mirage), which had grown too large for a single set. For a brief time during its development, Visions was known by the codename "Mirage Jr." It received its final name shortly later. Visions was the first set to have the same name as a Magic card printed earlier, and the first set to have a wide dispersal of pre-releases. A subset of 25 cards were randomly included in 15-card booster packs packaged in the Magic: The Gathering Multiverse Gift Box released months before Visions official release.

At the time of its release, Visions was a "first" in the release of quality cards at the common level. For instance, River Boa was considered "very good" compared to other green creatures, with two abilities (Islandwalk and Regeneration) and a 2/1 power/toughness at a casting cost of only two mana.

Visions was the last set to contain a poison creature (one that creates poison counters) until Swamp Mosquito was reprinted in Time Spiral. Visions's Suq'Ata Assassin was the last new poison creature created by Wizards for 10 years, until Virulent Sliver appeared in Future Sight.

Wizards of the Coast started selling Visions cards for Magic: The Gathering Online on April 10, 2006. The cards became legal to use in several formats as they went on sale. Official release events were held on April 13.

Mechanics
Mirage introduced the first cycle of "charms". A charm is a spell that allow a player to choose among three different effects when the charm is played. Since then, similar cycles of charms have appeared in the Invasion block, Onslaught block, Return to Ravnica block, and others. Mirage also introduced a cycle of enchantments that could be played as instants. It introduced two keywords: flanking and phasing. A creature without flanking gets -1/-1 until end of turn if it blocks a creature with flanking. A permanent with phasing leaves play under certain circumstances, then returns to play at the beginning of its controller's next upkeep.

Phasing and flanking were expanded upon in Visions. Visions included many creatures that had abilities that triggered upon entering play. Visions introduced a cycle of lands known as Karoo lands that require a player to return a land already in play to their hand before playing the Karoo land.

Although Weatherlight is considered the third set in the Mirage block, it is mechanically distinct and does not prominently feature the keywords introduced in Mirage. Phasing appears on only three cards in Weatherlight, and flanking on only two. Weatherlight again had a cycle of cantrips, albeit ones that gave a player a card immediately after being played. Many cards in Weatherlight had graveyard-related abilities. Weatherlight was the last set to print a card with banding before the keyword was abandoned. It reintroduced the cumulative upkeep keyword with cards whose effects scaled as their cumulative upkeep costs increased. (Cumulative upkeep would not be used again until 2006's Coldsnap).

Notable cards
Notable cards in Mirage include ', ', ', ', and .

Notable cards in Visions include ' and '.

Notable cards in Weatherlight include ' and '

Art
For Mirage, Wizards signed about 50 artists who had not worked on Magic before, including fan favorites such as John Avon and Donato Giancola. It was the first set for which Sue Ann Harkey was the art director.

The art depicted on Mirage cards was inspired by African art motifs that depicted a "sophisticated society".

Reviews

 * Backstab #2

title: Mirage (Magic: The Gathering)


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User talk:Crusader Rabbit

Hello and welcome to wikipedia. To update an article simply click on the edit button, make the changes, and click on the save button, just like you did to the village pump article. Remember when making changes to an article that it should express a neutral point of view and that it's ideal if you cite sources to support your statements. Matt 14:43, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 16:01, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Crusader Rabbit


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RHLI

RHLI may refer to:
 * The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment)
 * Acyl-homoserine-lactone synthase, an enzyme

title: RHLI


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Talk:Suuret suomalaiset

Why there are pictures of only some of the top ten finalists? Kahkonen 14:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Ville Valo
Why is mr. Valo considered as a joke/humoristic candidate in this article? Of course any of these "joke candidates" could be considered original research without proper citations but Valo has probably been the most successful popular artist (or any artist whatsoever) hailing from Finland ever so I don't find it unbelievable that many would genuinely see him as one of the most influential finns of all time. At least he might be even more well known than mr. Mannerheim (winner of the race) internationally! JJohannes (talk) 23:39, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Suuret suomalaiset


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/204.96.191.50

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy delete under a combination of criteria G7 and U3, with a smattering of G2 thrown in for good measure. The original anonymous author tagged the page with (G2) and then nominated it for deletion (G7). Apart from a well-intentioned removal of the tags, all subsequent edits were from another anonymous author with a related IP address tagging the page further. There are no messages or history here worth keeping, and what messages are here don't appear to be relevant to (U3). Uncle G 02:52, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Unwanted user talk page(204.96.191.50)

 * delete: unwanted talk page
 * Delete: unneeded alfrin 22:44, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per CSD, User page #3. --Dmcdevit·t 23:35, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Maxwell's equations/Archive 1

Personally, I like Gauss' law better if the ε0 is moved over to the other side, under the integral. That way, it still works if the permitivity isn't constant; you just replace ε0 with a function ε --AxelBoldt

What do you mean if εo isn't constant? Do you mean for cases where there is matter between the surface and the charge, and thus you need to account for a drop in the E field due to the permittivity of that matter? --BlackGriffen

 * Yes, that's what I meant. If there's matter with varying permittivity ε around, you need to integrate ε multiplied with E in Gauss's law. --AxelBoldt

 * Ok, I'm adding a note about it now.

 * Upon further reflection, that is wrong. The dielectric constant of matter doesn't just magically reduce the electric field. The dielectric constant (I had the wrong name previously) is a measure of how easy it is to separate the molecules of matter in to a dipole. To show why is relatively easy (now that I think about it properly). Consider a small positively charged sphere. The electric field outside this sphere is is the same is if it was a point charge: kq/r2. Stick a neutrally charged spherical shell around it. The electric field of the sphere creates dipoles within the shell that surrounds it. The net effect is like two thin shells of charge have formed; a negative one on the inner surface of the shell and a positive one on the outer surface. The charges of these shells have to be precisely equal due to conservation of charge. The net effect? Everywhere but on the inside of the walls of the neutral shell, the electric field still looks like kq/r2. Within the walls of the shell the electric field is weaker, but as long as the surface entering that region removes no net charge, the decrease in the electric field is compensated for by two factors: a change in the area of integration, the fact that the charge shells are approximations of microscopic dipoles  means that there is still a net surface charge that compensates for the inner charge. Even in the limiting case, metals, where the surface charges are great enough to reduce the electric field in the body of the metal to zero, Gauss's law holds.  --BlackGriffen

Is it worth mentioning that the elegant formulations of Maxwell's equations were not developed by Maxwell, but by another man ? Maxwell had the right idea, but he was definitely not elegant in his math.... I've done a bit of web-searching to validate this idea and currently cannot vouchsafe it. I recall a history of science teacher describing it in great detail when I was younger, but have no way to verify/validate it.

Okay, I found a page that claims: 1884: Oliver Heaviside expresses Maxwell's Equations as we know them today ie: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Heaviside.html therefore this validates my recollection. (it said Maxwell's equations were originally 20 equations in 20 variables instead of two equations in two variables) Now I can go to sleep...

I deliberately left the history empty because I did not know it. By all means, add a history section. I do know that the wave equations for light that can be derived from them led to relativity. (the term describing the velocity of the wave was 1/(μoεo).5 which is equal to c, and the fact that it didn't contain a term for the velocity of the observer is what sparked Einstein's imagination/lead to his postulate that c is a constant to any observer.

Also, 4 Maxwell's equations with 4 variables (time, charge density, the electric field, and the magnetic field). Where do you get two? --BlackGriffen

I think it would be nice to mention in the main article how εo, μo and c are related, so that people realize that the speed of light occurs in Maxwell's equations and that therefore the conjecture that electromagnetic radiation is light is not too abstruse. --unknown

Nice idea, but this article needs to remain focused on these equations because that is all it is for. A better place for that connection would be in an electromagnetic radiation/waves/light article. --BlackGriffen

Oh, there's also a minor oversight: ε is used as the permittivity and also as the electromotive force around a loop. --unknown

EMF is supposed to be a scripty E. Anyone know how to do one of those? --unknown

I understand that, but there are only so many symbols in the english language. I used ε instead of ΔV or ΔφE for three reasons: first, φ and/or V are used in electrostatics to represent the electric potential as a scalar function in space, and any closed loop integral over a continuous scalar function in space has to be zero; second, ε is the closest thing (almost exactly the same, in fact, to the scripty thing described above); and third, the limited number of symbols means that what the symbol represents has to be labeled each time anyway. To give you another couple of overloaded characters in physics: p represents both momentum and pressure (in mathematics p also represents the period of the wave); v is used for velocity, volume, and voltage, velocity is generally lower case, volume is upper, and voltage is usually upper if it's constant and lower if it's time varying. I've really beaten that horse to death, but I wanted to make it crystal clear that I had considered the conflict when I wrote the article. --BlackGriffen

And one last thing: I don't quite understand why the last paragraph mentions cgs versus mks units? How could the units possible change the equations? --AxelBoldt

''If you use kg for mass, m/s2 for acceleration, and lbs for force, Newton's second law takes on the form F=kma, k a constant. Choosing a better system makes k go away, simplifying the equation. It's the same deal with CGS and MKS, a lot of the constants go away in the former system.'' --Unknown

Precisely, I'll add more to the main page presently, but it's all about clairity. --BlackGriffen

I would love it if someone more knowledgeable than I would add concrete examples to each equation description, to make the descriptions more accessible to non-physicists. Such an example might perhaps be: as you move away from a sphere charged with static electricity, the charge density in space drops by four for every doubling in the distance from the center of the sphere (just as gravity drops when you move away from the Earth, due to the equidistant spreading of lines of force from a sphere). [Please, please forgive me for the mistakes in this--I just wanted to illustrate what I meant by a 'concrete example'.] David 16:31 Sep 17, 2002 (UTC)

On my computer (Windows 98/IE/Arial), the symbolic manipulations in the subject page all show a character that looks like a vertically-oriented rectangle. Here is an example: ∇×E = - 1/c ∂B/∂t. The rectangles are before the E, B, and t. The browser appears to have translated them to Unicode, which is not supported by Windows 95 and 98.

I have created and uploaded an image for the Del symbol and have edited this page to reflect the change. Here is an example: $$\nabla$$E = 0. David 16:27 Oct 7, 2002 (UTC)

I use lynx to browse, so I would prefer the word epsilon to a picture of a squiggly e. As long as there is text saying what each variable stands for, using the plain letter e for epsilon is clear as well. --- Urushiol The math formulae had had great big \bullets added to them: I have removed them, and cleaned up the layout. The Anome 17:59 10 Jun 2003 (UTC)

- Maxwell's Ether exists!

The Ether's impedance z and Planck's Constant h are related, making them both Quantum Constants. z= m/q and h=mq where m is the ether magnetic charge in webers(volt seconds) and q is the ether electrical charge in coulombs. Knowing the value of h and z, m=500 atto webers and q = 1.326 atto coulombs or 8.28 electrons.

The three constants, c, z and h unify Quantum, Relativity and Electric Theory. Wardell Linday -- Maxwell's Equations Derived and Revised!

This is an excellent article on Maxwell's Equations. However the entire discussion of Maxwell's Equations and electricity and Magnetism would be much simpler and more correct using quaternions.

The complete and correct Equations of Electricity and Magnetism is given by the Homeostasis Condition: 0=XE

where E = Es + IEx + JEy + KEz = Es + Ev is a quaternion electric field and

where X = d/cdt + Id/dx + Jd/dy + Kd/dz = d/cdt + DEL

is my Quaternion Change operator, a quaternion extension of Hamilton's DEL.

"c' is the speed of light and E is related to c and "z" the free space impedance by E = cB = zH = zcD.

X and E are quaternions and follow quaternion multiplication. "Maxwell's " Equations completely are given by:

0 = XE = (dEs/cdt - DEL.Ev) + (dEv/cdt + DEL Es + DELxEv)

substituing E/c=B gives the traditional terms.

0 = XE = (dBs/dt - DEL.Ev) + (dBv/dt + DEL Es + DELxEv)

The observation here is that the first term is scalar of the quaternion and the second term is the vector of the quaternion.

0= XE requires both the scalar term and the vector term to be zero, thus

0 = (dBs/dt - DEL.Ev)  and 0 =(dBv/dt + DEL Es + DELxEv)

If I had started with 0=XB = (dEs/cdt - DEL.Ev) + (dEv/cdt + DEL Es + DELxEv) then

0 = (dBs/cdt - DEL.Bv) and 0= (dBv/dt + DEL Es + DELxEv)

Thus one quaternion equation gives Maxwell's four and corrects them.

Notice that dBs/cdt = DEL.Bv, or the divergence or growth of the magnetic field, is not zero, but zdDs/cdt = z rho or z times the charge density rho!

I recommend revising this article to reflect this view.

Wardell Lindsay

Hello Wardell: have you considered using four-vectors? They neatly wrap up Maxwell's equations in a way that is very similar to what you propose. -- The Anome 17:57 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

-- The Anome,

Yes I do use four vectors see my webpage:

http://www.geocities.com/wardelllindsay/unification.html

My Interval is a natural fallout of quaternions without introducing "imaginary time". The difference is in the mathematics. Only quaternions provide an associative (a(bc) = (ab)c) division algebra ( ax=b is solvable).

I have not seen a derivation of Maxwell's Equations similar to mine, which poses the stationary condition of the electric field and "one" equation.

A similar equation also describes Quantum Theory, using the "Life" variable L=hc.

Thanks for your comment and interest.

Lindsy

-

Please read: http://www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/QOphys.html Maxwell's Quaternions were thrown away from Electromagnetism by Josiah Willard Gibbs at Yale and Oliver Heaviside in England.

and this page is informative http://www.ott.doe.gov/electromagnetic/history.shtml [notice it's a .gov site]

[That depends on one's definition of "informative:" This "history" page is written by the crackpot disciples of the infamous and equally crackpot Lt. Col. Thomas Bearden (USAF, Ret.), who believes in everything from "overunity" free-energy machines, to "scalar-wave" cancer cures, to "Tesla Death Rays," to UFOs. Hence, the fact that this is a ".gov" site simply proves that some UNBELIEVABLY moronic and insane people can manage to get into the civil service, from whence they become nearly impossible to fire...]

Electromagnetic History

more later ... reddi 03:47 7 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * First of all, I have no dispute with the historical fact that Gibbs and Heaviside, along with the rest of practicing physicists and engineers, abandoned the quaternion notation. However, you seem to be under the misapprehension that by doing so, they "threw away" something profound, or that Gibbs didn't "understand" it.  Quaternions, as proposed by Maxwell (some years after his initial work), were only notation, they contained no special physical content and are mathematically equivalent to the modern formulation.  As notation, even Maxwell himself found them inconvenient: in his two-volume treatise on electromagnetism, he devotes all of five pages or so to quaternion notation; he lauds it as a promising notation, but admits that he finds it inconvenient for practical calculations and doesn't use it in the rest of the books.   (I just checked this evening.)  As a completely separate issue (independent of quaternions), Maxwell used the vector potential explicitly and picked a particular gauge choice (the Coulomb gauge, I think it was); this sort of thing can be (and is) done all of the time in the ordinary vector notation as well, and in "ordinary" physics this vector-potential gauge is not observable. As to the papers on the web site that you mention, you'll notice the telling fact that they're not published in respected peer-reviewed journals (e.g. Phys. Rev.).  -- [User:Stevenj|Steven G. Johnson]

 * Howdy .... if you read in this link .... http://216.239.53.104/search?q=cache:Yc5OJrDDTX8J:www.nku.edu/~curtin/crowe_oresme.do ... or ....http://www.nku.edu/~curtin/crowe_oresme.doc ... it's titled 'A History of Vector Analysis' ... I kinda AM under the "misapprehension" that by doing so, they did "throw away" something profound. As fars as i can tell Gibbs didn't "understand" it.  I saw that there were two important functions (or products) called the vector part & the scalar part of the product, but that the union of the two to form what was called the (whole) product did not advance the theory as an instrument of geom. investigation.  (gibb's words) .... Heaviside didn't either ....  I had the same difficulties as the deceased youth, but by *skipping* them, was able to see that quaternions could be explored consistently in vectorial form. But on proceeding to apply quaternionics to the development of electrical theory, I found it very inconvenient. ...  So I dropped out the quaternions altogether, and kept to pure scalars and vectors.... [heaviside's words] .... Quaternions is one of the simpliest ways to describe space-time. x * y * z * t = 4D ... simple .... maxwell did want to unify EM with it eventually (as you said) ... and i like Einstien when he say, "I like to make things simple, but not one bit simpler" ...  (it's also describe this reality ... not a 3D or 2D imaginary world) ... moving on ..... Quaternions are just notation .... no special physical content  .... I do doubt that though they are equilivant (but i am not a math guy so until such time i can find any substantial proof ... i'll take your word for it) to modern notation ... though i thoughT, IIRC, that the modern notation cannot handle the _non-linear_ electromagnetic phenonomen that quaternions are naturally suited for (such as scalar waves) ... reguarding "quaternions are burdensome" ...no pain no gain 'eh? =-] ... Finally ... Do all links and book citations on wiki need to be published in respected peer-reviewed journals? From the limited knowledge i have about math, it looks correct to me, no worse than Sweetser quaternions .... mabey we can let the reader decide? more later (bedtime for bonzo here soon) be safe .... reddi 05:42 7 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * ("Sweetser quaternions" probably refers to this which is/was linked at quaternions -- fmr Kwantus)

 * Your quote from Gibbs just shows that he didn't like the notation, and that he felt it didn't add anything: writing vector fields as quaternions with no scalar part and using the quaternion product with del to get curl and divergence (as Maxwell did) neither simplifies the algebra (arguably) nor exposes any new symmetries, mainly because Maxwell was always forced to treat the scalar and vector parts separately (in which case, why combine them at all?). (The real use of four-component objects comes from 4-vectors and the relativistic inner products of the Lorentz group, which came later and is quite distinct from quaternion multiplication, as well as being different from the component grouping used by Maxwell) Similarly, Heaviside found them inconvenient; there's no reason to think that they failed to "understand" them.  Vector notation can handle nonlinear media just fine, by the way (see e.g. Agarwal & Cooley's nonlinear optics book).  Regarding citations, I would go further: science articles should stick to generally accepted results (i.e. peer-reviewed stuff that has stood the test of time, with special skepticism when it comes to speculative work on new physical law that is not yet tested).  The problem with "letting the reader decide" is that the reader does not have the evidence to do so in a short summary, nor can the casual reader distinguish between the consistent/well-supported/widely-accepted and the crackpot.  (And if you don't have sufficient maths to understand something, you should be wary about writing on it yourself.)  Steven G. Johnson

 * [quote from Gibbs] didn't like the notation? Why didn't he like it? hmmm ... probably because he didn't understand them ... you disliek what you don't understand ... basic human nature ... too bad he doesn't see how it add things ... writing vector fields as quaternions as Maxwell did, was NOT the ultimate intention for these equation .... it does simplify the algebra [it mirrors the 4D world we live in, as Hamilton realized) .... Maxwell saw the promise of  treating the scalar and vector parts together to refelct nature more elegantly (that's why combine them) ... [snip vectors diversion] .... Similarly, Heaviside didn't understand them either [didn't see the elegance]; if they did, what other reason can there be then? mabey it's a reverse hanlon's razor ... now as to the  ability of vectors .... Vector notation can handle nonlinear media ? wha'? yea .. that's why they figured out the geomagnetic nonlinear phenomenon [among others] and [begin] they have that GUF already [/end sarcasm] .... Now over citations, science articles should stick to generally accepted results? Wha'? ...  why is progress made in science? ... becasue information conventional AND unconventional is given to ppl [thankfully ppl were able to hear about a college graduate with this totally unconventional idea that the earth surface was on plates and they shifted around ... then it caught the attention of other scientists that realized that yea ... the earth had techtonic plates!] ...  (now ... peer-reviewed stuff is good ... but the free flow of ideas is VITALLY important .... isn't that the part of this encyclopedia concept? GPL et al.?] ... skepticism comes with BOTH speculative works and conventional works .... physical laws are only a law till they are broken (or does Newton still trump einstien?)) ...  I think i see what the real problem is ...  "letting the reader decide" .... we wikipedians are giveing them the evidence, are you proposing that only one side of the evidence is presented? [doesn't seem NPOV to me] ... and it can be done in a short summary [that's a strawman arguement that it can't] ...as to can the casual reader distinguish between "consistent" "well-supported" "widely-accepted" or the "anomolous" "narrowly-accepted" "fringe"? May NEVER know if they dont's see BOTH sides ....  (AND i do comprehend some math, I'm just not a mathematician and understand everything. "Why should I refuse a good dinner simply because I don't understand the digestive processes involved" - Heaviside =-) more later ... reddi 00:17 8 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * this is a page with an interesting spin to say the least: http://www.cheniere.org/books/analysis/history.htm My degree is in maths with a good dose of physics, and I know enough to attest quaternions are essentially despised in the west; they were used only to provide illustrations for algebra theory, and their use by Maxwell was never mentioned. (Until I happened on that page, and then checked here, my hedgykashun left me the impression quaternions had never been applied to anything.) I know enough of quaternions to know they have subtle differences from vectors, and I know enogh of about how physics is done to know it's quite possible something was simplified away Heaviside's conversion to vectors. Remember that we habitually bash Newton's definition into F=ma even though he originally said F=dp/dt - and we got away with it until relativity gave us time-dependent mass. Remember that physicists habitually throw away the interestig parts of their equations until they cane be solved and then pretend that result answers their original question - that's exactly how what's studied under the chaos rubrik got ignored for so long. I'd have to see a step-by-step review of Heaviside's logic before I'll decide whether his version is exact or simplified. -- user formerly known as Kwantus (PS It also seems odd to read things like "superstring theory is free from quantum anomalies if the spacetime dimension is 10 and the quantum gauge symmetry is SO(32) or E8×E8" or "string theory in a background of 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter space times a 5-sphere obeys a duality relationship with superconformal field theory in 4 spacetime dimensions" but encounter claims there's no physical significance to algebraic structures (somewhere up above)...)

- Reddi, Thanks for the references. I had previously read smith.
 * This PDF appears to list the original 20 equations in reals, and reductions to 6 vector+2 real. (1.6) is Ohm's law, (1.4) the Faraday force, and (1.8) the continuity equation, leaving five. Comparing with the General Case (GC) on the main page, (1.1, 1.3) are combined into GC4, and (1.7) matches GC1 except for sign (!). That leaves (1.2) and (1.5) which don't obviously match GC2 and GC3, esp since a variable appears in (1.2) which does not appear in GC. (There may be some way of stirring up Maxwell's eight to get Heaviside's four without loss; I'd just like to see what it is.)

Here is my take on quaternions the math and quaternions the physics. Math: I think Hamilton was a better mathematician than his contemporaries. But that doen's make his math the end all. I think in the late 1800s, the idea of a fourth dimension was novel and considered useless in a three dimensional world. Thus the useless scalar dimension was jetisoned and the three vectors found work. Maxwell and others were upset over Hamilton's Rules (II= minus 1). Gibbs and others "fixed" this and made II= +1, and voila we have vector Algebra. In a way, the physicists created a "mathematics" that has serious defects. Associativity (AB.C =A.BC) and Closure ( II is not a member of the set of vectors)is lacking. In a physics sense Maxwell complained that when he thought he was computing a maximum, he got a minimum. For example when a rock is displaced in the direction of gravity the sign is negative in quaternions. This sign told Maxwell that this was exergy (outenergy), when he was expecting enegy. Energy is when you displace the rock against gravity!

My point is that mathematics is a very useful tool and physicists need to understand the mathematics they use and should not select defective mathematics. In a sense quaternions represent the only Associative Division Algebra. This means that if physicists want to solve AX=B, the only algebra competent to do this is quaternions or systems isomorphic to quaternions! (Real algebra and complex algebra being sub-algebras of quaternions.)

Tony Smith and others (John Conway and Derek Smith: On Quaternions and Octonions) have shown quaternions to be isomorphic (do the same thing) to the Group Theory view of physics.

PHYSICS: Planck's and Einstein's Quantum Equations and "Theory" are also seen to be derivable from the same quaternion equation as Maxwell's Equation. The variable I call Life L = Ls + Lv, where Ls is the scalar and Lv the vector of Life. I believe Life is the most important variable in the universe and came into being when God said "Let there be Light", and there was Life. Life is related to action by the speed of light, L=ch:

Work = XL = (dLs/cdt - DEL.Lv) + (dLv/cdt + DEL Ls + DELxLv)

work = XL = (dhs/dt - DEL.Lv) + (dLv/cdt + DEL Ls + DELxLv)

Planck and Einstein only considered the scalar equation "(dhs/dt - DEL.Lv)" and physicists have not "discovered" the vector equation.

Planck's Law is the Boundary/conservation condition 0 =XL. Einstein, deals with the internal/non-boundary condition, kinetic Energy = (dhs/dt - DEL.Lv).

The Boundary Condition vector equation is the widely discussed but seldom shown "action reaction equation "0=(dLv/cdt + DEL Ls + DELxLv)".

These I believe are physical facts that have not been "discovered". For example I have not seen the "work function, phi" in Quantum theory described as the Divergence of a vector function with units energy-distance, Lv. I have not seen discovered the vector equation of dependency of the vector radiation the gradient of a scalar and the curl of the Lv. Or to put it in conventional action h terms,

0 = dhv/dt + (DEL Ls) + c(DELxLv) = (dBv/dt + DEL Es + DELxEv)

It may be that this is not true for actio h, but the same equation is true in electromagnetism for the the E field! Maybe the experimentalist should look at this relationship.

Reddi and Steven thanks for your points. I appreciate the critical thinking. Physics is alive abd Life is beautiful.

--- reddi I have these ideas laid out fuller in : http://www.geocities.com/wardelllindsay/unification.html

There is not a lot of text but the math and ideas are there.

--

It is my understanding that Theodore Kaluza unified electromagnetism with Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Apparently, Einstein did not like Kaluza's assumption that the universe is invariant in the 5th dimension he invoked. Therefore, Einstein tried to redo the theory with curled up dimensions. But, he never succeeded. I refer to Chapter 18 of the _Introduction to the Theory of Relativity_ by Peter Gabriel Bergmann.

Joseph D. Rudmin

- I saw a an old version of this article at http://www.rare-earth-magnets.com/magnet_university/maxwells_equations.htm I'm just curious, did he copy Wikipedia, or did we copy them? There's is copyright GPL, so I assume they got it from here. Are they obliged to provide a link to Wikipedia or to mention that they got it from Wikipedia? Actually, I just read Copyrights and it says that Wikipedia must be referenced. What can we do about this minor breach? dave 19:43 16 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * One of us should write a curteous request to the owner of the webpage that credit be given, and perhaps a link to this page be provided, since it is occasionally edited. To avoid multiple requests and for consistency, one of the managers of this site should have a designated task of reconciling copyright violations.  I personally would look very unfavorably on any punitive action on the part of wikipedia.  The wikipedia page http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights discusses what to do in case of copyright infringement. Your notice is sufficient, I think.Rudminjd 15:15 20 Jul 2003 (UTC) Joseph D. Rudmin

 * It has been taken care of, and there is such a page: Sites that use Wikipedia for content. I have sent out a standard letter, which asks for them to provide a link to the original article, and a link to GFDL.  I'm still waiting for a response.  I'll wait a few weeks and then try contacting them again, perhaps by phone.  dave 15:52 20 Jul 2003 (UTC)

-

I permitted myself to edit "The Source of the Magnetic Field" section. I replaced the vector for the electric displacement field (D) with that of the electric field (E), for 2nd and 3rd equation of this section. Anyone feeling confident enough please counter check. Jerome Peeters (08.08.2003)

 * Both the previous revision and your correction were incorrect. D should appear in the law, or \epsilon E, but not \epsilon_0 E (except in vacuum) and not not \epsilon_0 D.  —Steven G. Johnson

-

This article needs to clarify the relationship between the microscopic Maxwell's equations (in terms of E and B) and the macroscopic Maxwell's equations (in terms of D and H, which involve macroscopically averaged quantities like the dielectric constant of a material). I find the whole discussion to be currently slightly confused (e.g. I just noticed that the discussion of Gauss's law contained several errors before I fixed it just now) and in need of a much more careful rewriting. Sigh, not that I have the time to do it myself right now. —Steven G. Johnson

---

Do we need to jump all the way to differential geometry and differential forms to do relativistic Maxwell's eqns? Surely a gentle introduction with 4-vectors first would help. See this treatment -- The Anome 19:20, 10 Aug 2003 (UTC)

---

I think there was an error in saying that div(mu*B)=0 since the mu is in the wrong place. I allowed myself to remove the mu from the "linear media" equations.

The first tensor equation covers only Conservation of Charge, Coulomb's Law and Ampere's Law. My reference for the 2nd tensor equation (which expresses Faraday's Law and No Magnetic Monopoles) in the tensor version of Maxwell's equations is: Charles F. Stevens 1995, Six Core Theories of Modern Physics p.199, MIT Press ISBN 0-262-69188-4. 169.207.115.28 03:28, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It's all well-covered in Jackson, which is already referenced. Strictly speaking, the first equation does does not directly express conservation of charge, which is the equation $$\partial_\beta J^\beta = 0$$, although this can be derived from the first equation by taking the 4-gradient $$\partial_\beta$$ of both sides.  (I'm not sure if all of the sign conventions are consistent with those in four-vector, by the way, since Jackson uses the opposite sign for g.)

title: Talk:Maxwell's equations/Archive 1


text: Template:WikiProject Film

title: Template:WikiProject Film


text:
Wikipedia:Swedish Wikipedians' notice board/Terminology

This page lists authoritative and specialized online Swedish-English glossaries, and also lists the preferred English translations of some common terms used in articles relating to Sweden and Swedish issues. It is mainly intended as a point of reference for the Swedish Wikipedians' notice board.

Glossaries
Glossaries from sweden.gov.se:

 * Titles used at the Swedish Government Offices (PDF): Names of the Swedish ministries, titles of the ministers, and other organisational and administrative titles, as of January 2004.

 * Government terms: Description of governmental and administrative functions in English together with the relevant Swedish term.

 * Utrikes namnbok: Lists of Swedish agencies, organisations, titles, EU and EC bodies, EU titles and the names of countries, in English, German, French, Spanish, Finnish, and Russian. Explanations and usage tips in Swedish only. (A previous edition is also available.)

 * Levels of local democracy in Sweden (PDF) Information about Municipalities and Counties. (this filename keeps changing)

 * sv:Malldiskussion:SBL for titles that are used in Svenskt biografiskt lexikon.

Other

 * Glossary for the Courts of Sweden

 * .pdf Swedish-English and English-Swedish dictionary for police employees]

Historical terms

 * See History of Sweden for English terms for important historic episodes.
 * See List of Swedish wars for English names for wars and military campaigns.
 * See Swedish nobility for English terms for Swedish titles of nobility.

 * Besittning - dominion
 * Budkavle - Fiery cross (apparently, the unsavory Ku Klux Klan tradition is based on a misunderstanding of this term)
 * Generalguvernör - Governor-General
 * Götar - Geats
 * Kungl. Maj:t - several different meanings depending on context, see King in Council (Sweden)
 * Lagman - Lawspeaker
 * Riksdaler - Riksdaler
 * Riksdrots - Lord High Steward of Sweden
 * Riksens ständer - Riksdag of the Estates
 * Rikskansler - Lord High Chancellor of Sweden
 * Riksrådet - Privy Council of Sweden
 * Statsrådet - Council of State (Sweden)
 * Ståndsriksdagen - Riksdag of the Estates
 * Svear - Swedes, (Swedes (Germanic tribe))
 * Trontal - Speech from the Throne

Administrative subdivisions and terms

 * See Subdivisions of Sweden for a structured list.
 * ''See Urban areas in Sweden for a discussion on the English translation of Swedish administrative and statistical terminology.
 * ''See Counties of Sweden for the English names of all the Swedish counties
 * See Municipalities of Sweden and List of cities in Sweden for discussions of the term stad as an official term.

 * Centralort - Municipal seat
 * Församling - parish (see Church of Sweden for details)
 * Härad - hundred
 * Kommun - municipality. The official name is "X Municipality" which is therefore also the name of each article, but in-text other forms are acceptable such as "the municipality of Lidingö", etc.
 * Kommundelsnämnd - borough
 * Landsdel (i.e. Norrland, Svealand, Götaland) - land
 * Landshövding - (County) Governor
 * Landskap - (Historical) province
 * Landsting - county council
 * Län - county (the article includes a list with English names of all the Swedish counties)
 * Socken - (civil) parish
 * Stor-Stockholm - Metropolitan Stockholm
 * Stadsdelsnämnd - borough
 * Stift - diocese (see Church of Sweden for details)
 * Tingslag - Provincial Court District
 * Tätort - Non-rural area, or sometimes Urban area (see Urban areas in Sweden for a discussion)
 * Valkrets - constituency

Government and politics

 * See Government of Sweden for English names of all ministerial offices and the current ministries.
 * See Government agencies in Sweden for the English names of government agencies.
 * See List of political parties in Sweden for English names of the political parties.

 * Departement - Ministry (not Department)
 * Förordning - ordinance
 * Generaldirektör - Director General
 * Kommitté - committee
 * Kommunfullmäktige - municipal council (city council is often used in municipalities which call themselves stad)
 * Kommunstyrelse - (municipal) executive board, (municipal) executive committee (executive council is also sometimes used)
 * Kommunalråd - (municipal) Commissioner (Mayor and vice Mayor are sometimes used, e.g. by the Stockholm municipality)
 * Landstingsråd - county commissioner (county councellor is sometimes used)
 * Ministerstyre - no direct English translation
 * Motion - (private member's) motion
 * Myndighet - government agency
 * Politiskt sakkunnig - political adviser
 * Proposition - (Government) bill
 * Regeringen - The Government [of Sweden] (Note: Government as an official designation of the Swedish cabinet only began in 1975)
 * Riksdagen - The Riksdag [of Sweden]
 * Riksdagsledamot - Member of the Riksdag
 * Staten - The State
 * Statsråd - Cabinet Minister
 * Statsminister - Prime Minister
 * Statssekreterare - State Secretary
 * Talmannen - Speaker of the Riksdag
 * Utredning - commission (of inquiry)
 * Utskott - committee
 * Valkrets - constituency

Judiciary and law

 * See Constitution of Sweden for English translations of constitutional terms and the names of the Fundamental laws.

 * Allemansrätt - Right of public access to the wilderness
 * Arbetsdomstolen (AD) - The Labour Court
 * Förordning - ordinance
 * Grundlag - fundamental law (for the four individual grundlagar), Constitution when referring to grundlag in a general sense.
 * Hovrätt - Court of appeal
 * Högsta Domstolen - The Supreme Court of Sweden
 * Högsta Förvaltningsdomstolen - The Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden
 * Kammarrätt - Administrative court of appeal
 * Länsrätt - County administrative court
 * Nämndeman - lay judge
 * Offentlig försvarare - public defence counsel
 * Regeringsrätten - The Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden
 * Riksåklagaren - The Prosecutor-General of Sweden
 * Tingsrätt - district court
 * Åklagardistrikt - prosecutor districts

Education

 * ''See Education in Sweden for English translations of educational terms
 * See List of universities in Sweden for English names for universities and university colleges.

 * Folkhögskola - Folk high school
 * Grundskola - Primary school
 * Gymnasium - Secondary school
 * Högskola (som saknar universitetsstatus) - University college
 * Kandidatexamen (e.g. fil kand) - Bachelor's degree
 * Kvalificerad yrkesutbildning - Qualified vocational education
 * Magisterexamen (e.g. fil mag) - Master's degree
 * Studentkår - Students' union
 * Universitet - University

Military

 * See Swedish Armed Forces for English names for military branches, schools and centres, and English translations of military ranks.
 * See List of Swedish regiments for English names for historical regiments.
 * Flygkrigshögskolan (FKHS) - Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College
 * Försvarets bok- och blankettförråd - Book and Forms Supply Depot of the [Swedish] Armed Forces
 * Försvarets fabriksstyrelse - see Förenade Fabriksverken (FFV)
 * Försvarets fabriksverk - see Förenade Fabriksverken (FFV)
 * Försvarets forskningsanstalt (FOA) - [Swedish] National Defence Research Institute or Swedish Defence Research Agency (according to offical website)
 * Försvarets gymnasieskola (GS) - [Swedish] Armed Forces School for Secondary Education
 * Försvarets hundskola (HS) - National [Swedish] Defence Dog Training Centre
 * Försvarets intendenturkår - Quartermaster Corps of the [Swedish] Armed Forces
 * Försvarets intendenturverk - see Försvarets materielverk (FMV)
 * Försvarets klassifikationscentral (FKC) - Designation Office of the [Swedish] Armed Forces
 * Försvarets kommandoexpedition - see Försvarsdepartementets kommandoexpedition
 * Försvarets läroverk (FL) - see Försvarets gymnasieskola (GS)
 * Försvarets materielverk (FMV) - Defence Materiel Administration (of Sweden)
 * Försvarets medicinalkår - Medical Corps of the [Swedish] Armed Forces
 * Försvarets radioanstalt (FRA) - National [Swedish] Defence Radio Institute or National Defence Radio Establishment
 * Försvarets rationaliseringsinstitut (FRI) - National [Swedish] Institute of Defence Organization and Management
 * Försvarets skyddsskola - ABC-Defence School of the [Swedish] Armed Forces
 * Försvarets teletekniska laboratorium (FTL) - Military Electronics Laboratory
 * Försvarsdepartementet - Ministry of Defence (Sweden)
 * Försvarsdepartementets kommandoexpedition (FKE) - Military Office of the [Royal Swedish] Ministry of Defence
 * Försvarsmakten - Swedish Armed Forces
 * Försvarsministern - Minister for Defence (Sweden)
 * Överbefälhavaren - Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces

Church and religion

 * ''See Church of Sweden for English translations of terms relating to the Church of Sweden.

 * Frikyrka - non-conformist church
 * Församling - parish as an administrative term (congregation is used to refer to a group of individuals attending a church, e.g. "församlingen sjunger")
 * Kontrakt - rural deanery
 * Pastorat - pastoral district
 * Socken - parish
 * Stift - diocese

Organizations

 * ''See Non-governmental organizations in Sweden and Category:Organizations based in Sweden for English names of major organizations.

Titles
A B C D E F G H H J K L M N O P R S T U V Ä Ö
 * advokat - lawyer and member of Sveriges Advokatsamfund.
 * ambassadör - Ambassador
 * apotekare - pharmacist, drug store owner
 * arkitekt SAR - architect and member of Sveriges Arkitekters Riksförbund
 * bankdirektör - banker
 * bergsingenjör - engineer with a university diploma in mountain engineering, metallurgy
 * biskop - Bishop
 * bokförläggare - [book] publisher
 * borgmästare - mayor
 * bruksdisponent - chief executive officer at a "bruk"
 * byråchef - Director (mid-level executive in a Government Agency)
 * chefredaktör - editor in chief
 * civilingenjör - civil engineer, engineer with a diploma from a technical university
 * departementssekreterare - Desk Officer (at a Ministry)
 * direktör - director (non-specified)
 * disponent - chief executive officer or managing director (more archaic than "verkställande direktör")
 * docent - academic lecturer with a PhD degree
 * domprost - Dean
 * dräng - farm hand
 * envoyé - Envoy (title)
 * expeditionschef - Director General for Administrative Affairs (at a Ministry)
 * filosofie doktor, fil. dr. - PhD
 * filosofie licentiat, fil. lic. - an academic degree between master and PhD
 * folkskolinspektör -
 * friherre - Baron
 * friherrinna - Baroness
 * fru - Mrs
 * fröken - Miss
 * förbundsordförande - chairman (of a federation) - unspecified, could be of a trade association or labour union
 * författare - writer
 * författarinna - writer (female)
 * förste bibliotekarie - first librarian
 * förste provinsialläkare -
 * försäkringsdirektör - insurance manager
 * generaldirektör - Director General (head of a government agency)
 * generalkonsul - Consul General
 * generallöjtnant - Lieutenant General
 * generalmajor - Major General
 * godsägare - owner of a large country estate
 * greve - Count
 * grevinna - Countess
 * grosshandlare -
 * gymnastikdirektör -
 * hedersdoktor - honorary degree, PhD hc
 * hemmansägare - owner of a small farm (archaic)
 * hovrättsassessor - Associate Judge at at Court of Appeal
 * hovrättsråd - Judge at a Court of Appeal
 * häradshövding - district court judge (archaic)
 * ingenjör - engineer (unspecified)
 * intendent - manager (unspecified, depending on context)
 * journalist - journalist
 * justitieråd - Justice of the Supreme Court
 * jägmästare - forester, academic masters degree in forestry from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (awarded since 1828)
 * kabinettskammarherre -
 * kammarherre -
 * kammarråd -
 * kammarrättsassessor - Associate Judge at an Administrative Court of Appeal
 * kammarrättsråd - Judge at an Administrative Court of Appeal
 * kansliråd -
 * kapten - Captain (Air Force, Army); Lieutenant (Naval rank); Captain (merchant fleet)
 * kommendör - Captain (Naval rank); Commander (orders of chivalry)
 * kommendörkapten - Commander (Naval rank)
 * komminister - Associate Vicar
 * konstnär - artist
 * konstnärinna - artist (female)
 * konsul -
 * kontraktsprost -
 * kraftverksdirektör - manager of a power plant
 * kyrkoherde - Vicar
 * laborator -
 * lagman - district court judge
 * landshövding - County Governor
 * landskamrerare -
 * landssekreterare -
 * lasarettsläkare - physcician at a hospital
 * lektor -
 * länsråd - County Director
 * major - Major
 * medicine doktor, med. dr - medical doctor, MD
 * medicine licentiat, med. lic. - academic degree in medicine between masters and doctoral level;
 * musikdirektör -
 * nämndeman - Lay Judge
 * ombudsman - ombudsman
 * operasångare - opera singer
 * professor - Professor
 * prost - pastor, priest
 * redaktör - editor (often used as a synonym for journalist, contrast with "chefredaktör")
 * regeringsråd -
 * regissör - director (film or theatre)
 * rektor - rector, headmaster, school leader
 * riksdagsman - Member of the Riksdag
 * riksmarskalk - Marshal of the Realm (Sweden)
 * rådman -
 * sekreterare - secretary
 * skeppsredare - ship owner
 * skolföreståndarinna - head mistress, rector (female)
 * skulptör - sculptor
 * skådespelare - actor
 * skådespelerska - actress
 * stadsarkitekt -
 * tandläkare - dentist
 * teaterchef - theatre manager
 * teknologie doktor, tekn. dr - PhD in engineering sciences
 * tonsättare - composer
 * undervisningsråd -
 * verkställande direktör - chief executive officer or managing director
 * vicekonsul -
 * Ärkebiskop - Archbishop
 * Örlogskapten - Lieutenant Commander
 * överbibliotekarie - head of a library
 * överdirektör -
 * överingenjör - head of engineering, head engineer, chief technology officer
 * överintendent - manager of a Swedish state-owned museum
 * överjägmästare -
 * överlantmätare - surveyor general, head of a regional division of Lantmäteriet (National Land Survey of Sweden)
 * överläkare - attending physician
 * överlärare - headmaster of a primary school
 * överste - Colonel
 * överstelöjtnant - Lieutenant Colonel
 * överståthållare - Governor of Stockholm

Literature

 * For really old Swedish titles, there is a chapter in Ordbok för släktforskare (2006), ISBN 91-534-2754-8
 * For current (1990s) titles, there is a "Standard för svensk yrkesklassificering (SSYK)" from Statistics Sweden. This alphabetic list translates titles into SSYK numbers, which can be translated to numbers in the international standard ISCO-88.


text:
Talk:IMM

History
There was a page Imm about the Instant Mobile Messenger, which I moved to make IMM a disambiguation page. The itemization point about the International Monetary Market I cut from the former Imm page and pasted it here. --DrTorstenHenning 14:47, 12 July 2005 (UTC)````

Definitions
Alternate meanings:

Immune/Immunization(s)

Immigrant/Immigration

97.83.179.213 (talk) 22:33, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:IMM


text:
Cyclophilin

Cyclophilins (CYPs) are a family of proteins named after their ability to bind to ciclosporin (cyclosporin A), an immunosuppressant which is usually used to suppress rejection after internal organ transplants. They are found in all domains of life. These proteins have peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity, which catalyzes the isomerization of peptide bonds from trans form to cis form at proline residues and facilitates protein folding.

Cyclophilin A is a cytosolic and highly abundant protein. The protein belongs to a family of isozymes, including cyclophilins B and C, and natural killer cell cyclophilin-related protein. Major isoforms have been found within single cells, including inside the Endoplasmic reticulum, and some are even secreted.

Mammalian cyclophilins
Human genes encoding proteins containing the cyclophilin domain include:
 * PPIA, PPIB, PPIC, PPID, PPIE, PPIF, PPIG, PPIH
 * PPIL1, PPIL2, PPIL3, PPIL4, PPIAL4, PPIL6
 * PPWD1

Cyclophilin A
Cyclophilin A (CYPA) also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), which is found in the cytosol, has a beta barrel structure with two alpha helices and a beta-sheet. Other cyclophilins have similar structures to cyclophilin A. The cyclosporin-cyclophilin A complex inhibits a calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin, the inhibition of which is thought to suppress organ rejection by halting the production of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF alpha and interleukin 2.

Cyclophilin A is also known to be recruited by the Gag polyprotein during HIV-1 virus infection, and its incorporation into new virus particles is essential for HIV-1 infectivity.

Cyclophilin D
Cyclophilin D (PPIF, note that literature is confusing, the mitochondrial cyclophilin is encoded by the PPIF gene), which is located in the matrix of mitochondria, is only a modulatory, but may or may not be a structural component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The pore opening raises the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, allows influx of cytosolic molecules into the mitochondrial matrix, increases the matrix volume, and disrupts the mitochondrial outer membrane. As a result, the mitochondria fall into a functional disorder, so the opening of the pore plays an important role in cell death. Cyclophilin D is thought to regulate the opening of the pore because cyclosporin A, which binds to CyP-D, inhibits the pore opening.

However, mitochondria obtained from the cysts of Artemia franciscana, do not exhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

Diseases
Overexpression of Cyclophilin A has been linked to poor response to inflammatory diseases, the progression or metastasis of cancer, and aging.

Cyclophilins as drug targets
Cyclophilin inhibitors, such as cyclosporin, are being developed to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Cyclophilin inhibition may also be a therapy for liver diseases.

title: Cyclophilin


text:
Alessandria della Rocca

Alessandria della Rocca (Sicilian: Lisciànnira di la Rocca) is a comune and small agricultural town located in the northern part of the Province of Agrigento,  west central Sicily, southern Italy.

The remains of the 14th century Castello della Pietra d'Amico can be found about 5 km away from the town. The town itself was founded in 1570 by Don Carlo Blasco Barresi, and was initially called Pietra d'Amico after the castle. In 1713, it was renamed Alessandria di Sicilia, while the present name Alessandria della Rocca was adopted by Royal Decree on 7 November 1862.

Many of the town's inhabitants emigrated to the United States, particularly Tampa, Florida, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One of these emigrants was Giuseppina Saverino, who would later become the grandmother of American football player Joe Montana, migrating in 1921.

title: Alessandria della Rocca


text:
Shaker High School

Shaker High School is a public high school in Latham, Albany County, New York, United States, and is the only high school operated by the North Colonie Central School District.

It is part of the North Colonie Central Schools school district and is partly fed by Shaker Middle School.

History
Shaker High School was established in 1958, with its first class graduating in 1960. The school is named after the Shakers, a religious group that once inhabited the area.

Academics
The school offers a wide range of courses to students, including Advanced Placement (AP) courses, honors courses, and career and technical education (CTE) programs. The AP courses cover a variety of subjects, such as English, mathematics, science, social studies, and world languages.

In addition to traditional academic courses, the school also offers CTE programs in areas such as engineering, culinary arts, computer science, and business. These programs allow students to explore career pathways and gain practical skills that can be applied in the real world.

In 2021, the school was ranked #21 in New York State by U.S. News & World Report. The school has also received recognition from the College Board as an AP Honor Roll school for its high percentage of students who receive a passing score on AP exams.

The school provides a range of resources, including academic counseling, peer tutoring, and study groups. The school also offers programs for students who need additional support, such as special education services, English as a second language (ESL) support, and academic intervention services.

Sports
There are 28 interscholastic sports at Shaker. Shaker's "Blue Bison" sports teams include soccer, basketball, track, cross country, golf, ice hockey, wrestling, field hockey, lacrosse, swimming, diving, gymnastics, tennis, cheerleading, softball, volleyball, bowling, football, and baseball. Shaker also has several club teams, including Shaker Crew, the rowing team.

The school is a member of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association (NYSPHSAA) and competes in Section 2 of the organization.

The school's athletic facilities include a gymnasium, a swimming pool, tennis courts, baseball and softball fields, and a track and field complex. The school also has an award-winning strength and conditioning program to help athletes improve their physical fitness.

In addition to competitive sports, the school offers a range of physical education classes and intramural sports programs. These programs allow students to participate in non-competitive sports and physical activities in a fun and supportive environment.

Music
Shaker High School has several curricular band, orchestra, chorus, and wind ensembles. Shaker also has four extracurricular vocal performance groups, including Shaker Select and Resolving Suspenders. The school also has several select instrumental ensembles, including Pep Band, Marching Band, Jazz Band, and Counterpoint Strings.

The school's music ensembles perform at various events throughout the year, including school concerts, community events, and regional competitions. The school has a strong tradition of excellence in music, with many of its ensembles winning awards and accolades at regional and state competitions.

Clubs and Organizations
In addition to athletics, Shaker High School has a range of clubs and organizations for students to participate in. These clubs cover a wide range of interests, including community service, student government, journalism, business, drama, and STEM. The school also has a thriving History Bowl and a robotics team that compete at the national and international level.

Robotics
Shaker High School's robotics team, known as "Shaker Robotics" or "2791," is one of the school's most successful extracurricular programs. The team competes in the FIRST Robotics Competition, a worldwide competition that challenges students to design, build, and program robots to compete in a series of challenges.

Shaker Robotics has a long history of success in the competition, with multiple regional championships and numerous appearances at the world championship. The team has won numerous awards for its robot designs, programming, and teamwork.

The success of Shaker Robotics can be attributed to the school's strong STEM curriculum, which emphasizes science, technology, engineering, and math. The school's robotics program is supported by a range of resources, including a state-of-the-art machine shop, advanced software and hardware, and experienced mentors and coaches.

Shaker Robotics also plays an important role in the community, working with local organizations and participating in outreach activities to promote STEM education and inspire young people to pursue careers in science and technology.

History Bowl
The school has multiple History Bowl teams, each consisting of 4-6 students. The teams have won multiple regional events and competed in the national championships in Washington, DC. One of the teams was the National Champion of the Spring 2022 National History Bowl Championship.

Science Bowl
The school's Science Bowl team finished first in their regional competition in 2020, earning trips to the national competition in Washington, DC.

Drama
The school puts on two annual theatrical shows, a fall play, and a spring musical. Both shows draw large crowds to the school auditorium and receive great remarks for students singing, dancing, and acting abilities.

Notable alumni

 * Mike Campese, guitarist and composer who was part of the Trans-Siberian Orchestra
 * Leah Dickerman, Curator of Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City
 * Paul Elie, former Farrar, Straus & Giroux editor; and author.
 * James H. Fallon, American neuroscientist, Fulbright, NIH, and Sloan Scholar
 * Joseph Finder, thriller author
 * Marina Shafir, Moldovan professional wrestler and mixed martial artist
 * Jeff Hoffman, baseball player for the Philadelphia Philllies
 * Tommy Kahnle, baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees
 * Sam Perkins, former professional basketball player, NCAA Champion and Olympic Gold Medalist
 * Becca Rausch, member of the Massachusetts State Senate, from the Norfolk, Middlesex, and Bristol districts.
 * Igor Vamos, member of The Yes Men
 * Deborah Van Valkenburgh, actress; co-star of the TV sitcom Too Close for Comfort and the film The Warriors, among others
 * Madison VanDenburg, finalist in Season 17 of American Idol
 * Ron Vawter, actor, Obie Award recipient, and founding member of The Wooster Group
 * Kevin M. Warsh, former member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Washington, DC and brother of Alexandra Steele (née Kate Warsh)
 * Jason West, mayor of New Paltz, New York
 * Tony Wise, former NFL assistant coach
 * Pat Shea, author of The Resilient Runner and part of the Seven Continents marathon club

title: Shaker High School


text:
In Case of Emergency

In Case of Emergency (ICE) is a programme designed to enable first responders, such as paramedics, firefighters, and police officers, as well as hospital personnel, to contact the next of kin of the owner of a mobile phone in order to obtain important medical or support information (the mobile phone must be unlocked and working). The phone entry (or entries) should supplement or complement written (such as wallet, bracelet, or necklace) information or indicators. The programme was conceived in the mid-2000s and promoted by British paramedic Bob Brotchie in May 2005. It encourages people to enter emergency contacts in their mobile phone address book under the name 'ICE'. Alternatively, a person can list multiple emergency contacts as 'ICE1', 'ICE2', etc.

The programme has been criticised by some emergency responders, and the HoaxBuster site.

Overview
Following research carried out by Vodafone that showed that fewer than 25% of people carry any details of who they would like to be telephoned following a serious accident, a campaign encouraging people to do this was started in May 2005 by Bob Brotchie of the East of England Ambulance Service in the United Kingdom. The idea has taken off since the 7 July 2005 London bombings.

When interviewed on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme on 12 July 2005, Brotchie said: "'I was reflecting on some difficult calls I've attended, where people were unable to speak to me through injury or illness and we were unable to find out who they were. I discovered that many people, obviously, carry mobile phones and we were using them to discover who they were. It occurred to me that if we had a uniform approach to searching inside a mobile phone for an emergency contact then that would make it easier for everyone.'"

Brotchie also urged mobile phone manufacturers to support the campaign by adding an ICE heading to the contact list of all new mobile phones.

With this additional information and medical information, first responders can access this information from the victim's phone in the event of an emergency. In the event of major trauma, it is critical to have this information within the golden hour, which can increase the chances of survival.

Criticism
While some emergency responders lauded the suggestion, others have criticised it.

In Germany, the In Case of Emergency concept has been criticised for two reasons:
 * Medical service personnel on site normally do not have the time to contact relatives. Information stored on a phone is thus useless for medical care prior to hospital.
 * Contacting relatives of a seriously injured person is a sensitive task that is not carried out by telephone in the first place.

Other problems include language-dependent text (ICE in English, ECU in French, etc. etc.), the difficulty of accessing locked, discharged, or broken phones, differences among mobile models requiring training of emergency responders.

The French HoaxBuster site was critical of ICE from a francophone point of view and recommended that one carries contact information and relevant medical information in writing inside one's wallet, and not rely on ICE contacts as a primary means of identification.

Many smartphone models have dedicated ICE contact information functionality either built into the operating system, or available as an app. Saving duplicate phone numbers on a phone without dedicated ICE functionality may cause the ICE and regular contacts to be combined, or cause the caller ID to fail for incoming calls from a close friend or relative. (To avoid this, some use the 'tel:' URI scheme to put the phone number in the ICE contact's 'home page' field.)

An alternate proposal was made within the ITU-T standard E.123 which recommended prefixing emergency contact names with numerals beginning with 0.

Locked phones
For security purposes, many mobile phone owners now lock their mobiles, requiring a passcode or PIN to be entered in order to access the device. This hinders the ability of first responders to access the ICE phone list entry. In response to this problem, many device manufacturers have provided a mechanism to specify some text to be displayed while the mobile is in the locked state. The owner of the phone can specify their 'In Case of Emergency' contact, and also a 'Lost and Found' contact. Android users running Android Nougat (Android 7.0) or higher also have the ability to store emergency information and contact details accessible by others through the emergency call screen when the device is locked. Emergency contacts can be added to iPhone lock screens with the iOS Health application, and accessed by tapping or swiping to the Emergency dialler, where calls to 911 or another pre-specified number can be made, and the Medical ID button is displayed as well. When accessing this Medical ID, the user's name, health information, allergies and medications can be listed, along with the ability to directly contact listed emergency contacts.

Alternatively, some handsets provide access to a list of ICE contacts directly from the lock screen. There are also smartphone 'apps' (applications) that allow custom ICE and emergency information to be displayed on the 'locked' screen.

Popularity
The popularity of the programme is difficult to assess. A CNN article mentioned that the programme might be spreading into North America, but gave different instructions to its readers.

title: In Case of Emergency


text:
Telemark Battalion

The Telemark Bataljon (TMBN; Telemark Battalion) is a mechanised infantry battalion of the Norwegian Army. It was established in 1993, and is a part of Brigade Nord and stationed at Rena, Hedmark. The battalion consists of five companies/squadrons.

History
In 1993 it was a motorised infantry unit, tasked as an Immediate Reaction Force with the Norwegian Army, stationed at Heistadmoen in southern Norway, manned mainly by conscripts.

It served in Bosnia, and by 2002, all the enlisted soldiers had two and three-year contracts of enlistment and the unit had no more conscripts.

The battalion was moved to a new camp at Rena and converted to mechanised infantry. Presented with its new colours in 2002, the Telemark Battalion was operational on 1 July 2003.

The unit participated in Operation Karez in Afghanistan, in May 2008.

One soldier died in Afghanistan in 2004, and one died there in 2010.

Organisation
In addition, the Telemark Battalion frequently trains with the rest of the Norwegian Army High Reaction Force. This is a composite unit made up of the Telemark Battalion, as well as enlisted personnel from support capabilities, ranging from artillery to military police.
 * Tank Squadron 1: The battalion's tank unit, equipped with Leopard 2 main battle tanks.
 * Cavalry Squadron 2: The battalion's armoured reconnaissance and scout unit, equipped with CV9030 infantry fighting vehicles, ATVs and different sensors like UAVs etc.
 * Mechanised Infantry Company 3: Mechanised infantry equipped with CV9030 infantry fighting vehicles.
 * Mechanised Infantry Company 4: Mechanised infantry equipped with CV9030 infantry fighting vehicles.
 * Staff and Support Squadron 5: A combat support unit made up by mortar, medic, signals and repair platoons.

The Telemark Battalion was one of the infantry battalions assigned to the NATO Response Force during the NRF-4 rotation from January to July 2005; the others were Regiment Johan Willem Friso and Regiment Van Heutsz of the Dutch Army and Fallschirmjägerbataillon 373 of the German Army.

Telemark Battalion is the primary source of international contributions from the Norwegian Army. The battalion has almost constantly been involved in the ISAF operation in Afghanistan since 2003.

Incidents in Afghanistan
Since the summer of 2009, there have been several instances of soldiers from the unit spray painting a Punisher skull (in part inspired by the character from comic books and movie – the Punisher) on houses and property belonging to Afghans whom soldiers suspected of having ties to the insurgency. The purported purpose was to "send a message", to leaders of the insurgency, that the Norwegian soldiers would not allow them to continue their offensive.

In September 2010, Verdens Gang reported that some soldiers were still using a Punisher skull that had been prohibited by the leadership of Norway's military.

The alleged crimes of threatening and spray painting the property of suspected insurgents did not lead to any criminal charges.

Battle cry
In 2010, Dagbladet published a video of company commander Rune Wenneberg leading a battle cry ("To Valhalla") by soldiers of the unit — his intro to the cry was "[inaudible] are hunters. But you are the predator. Taliban is the prey. To Valhalla!" "

In 2011, Dag Herbjørnsrud wrote in an editorial that "Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik wasn't sending soldiers into war — he was merely supplying manpower to a "peacekeeping mission". Is it odd that the media was surprised by Norwegian soldiers using Viking helmets and battle cries of Vikings?"

Deployments

 * 1997–1999: SFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * 1999–2002: KFOR in Kosovo
 * 2003: in Iraq
 * 2003–2004: The unit was temporarily handed over to ISAF, and thereafter deployed to Kabul in Afghanistan
 * 2005–2006: ISAF at Kabul in Afghanistan
 * 2006: ISAF at Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan
 * 2006–2007: ISAF at Meymaneh, Afghanistan
 * 2008: ISAF at Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan
 * 2008–2011: ISAF at Meymaneh, Afghanistan
 * 2015-2016: Kurdistan Training Coordination Center, Iraq
 * 2017-2018: Norwegian Task Unit 1, Iraq
 * 2017: Enhanced Forward Presence, Lithuania
 * 2020: Norwegian Task Unit 6, Iraq
 * 2020: Enhanced Forward Presence 7, Lithuania
 * 2020-2021: Enhanced Forward Presence 8, Lithuania
 * 2021: Evacuation from Kabul, Tbilisi, Georgia
 * 2022: Nor secfor, Iraq
 * 2022: Enhanced Forward Presence 11, Lithuania

Notable soldiers

 * Joshua French, convicted of murder and espionage in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) along with Tjostolv Moland and given a death sentence, but released after eight years in prison
 * Emil Johansen, author of Brødre i blodet
 * Tjostolv Moland, convicted of murder and espionage in the DRC along with Joshua French and given a death sentence, later died in prison while on death row
 * , journalist and author of Gud er norsk (God is Norwegian)
 * Espen Haugeland, recipient of the War Cross in 2016, Norway's highest decoration for gallantry
 * Espen Haugeland, recipient of the War Cross in 2016, Norway's highest decoration for gallantry

Awards

 * Armored gunnery competition, Iron Spear Latvia, 2021, 1st place IFV, 2nd Place Tanks
 * Sharpshooting, Best squad Germany, 2016, 1st place

title: Telemark Battalion


text: User talk:84.68.223.217

title: User talk:84.68.223.217


text:
Category:Scrabble players

Players of the game of Scrabble.

title: Category:Scrabble players


text:
List of storms named Odessa

The name Odessa has been used for one tropical cyclone in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and three in the Western Pacific Ocean.

In the Eastern Pacific:
 * Hurricane Odessa (1964)

In the Western Pacific:
 * Typhoon Odessa (1982) (T8203, 03W)
 * Typhoon Odessa (1985) (T8512, 13W)
 * Typhoon Odessa (1988) (T8825, 25W, Seniang)

title: List of storms named Odessa


text:
Kevin Jacobsen

Kevin George Jacobsen OAM (born July 29,1939 in Sydney) is an Australian entertainment entrepreneur and former musician who is the head of the Jacobson Entertainment Group

Along with brothers Col Joye and Keith, he was a member of the Australian 1960s band Col Joye and The Joyboys which achieved four No. 1 Top Forty chart hits.

Roster of artists

 * The Jacobsen Group of Companies has presented many international artists including:

Production
Jacobsen has also produced theatrical shows such as Disney's Beauty and the Beast, Camelot with Richard Harris, Fame, A Chorus Line, and Dirty Dancing – The Classic Story on Stage.

He was also the rxecutive producer of the musical theatre production The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular.

Honours
Jacobsen was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 1985 for his services to the performing arts and entertainment industry.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards is an awards show, celebrating live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001. In 2002, Jacobsen received the JC Williamson Award, the LPA's highest honour, for their life's work in live performance.

|| Himself || JC Williamson Award || awarded
 * 2002
 * 2002

title: Kevin Jacobsen


text:
Talk:Ashland, Ohio

Untitled
Where are the jobs around here? I currently live in Ashland and have to drive over 50 miles to a Cleveland suburb for work. Why do I need to do that? Doesn't Ashland have any good employers looking for college educated workforce? Let me know and I'll get my resume to you. Thanks.

Notable Residents
Surprised to see Tim Seder not on the list, but that's been rectified.--Cheezymadman 21:52, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Where is this nicest blah sign? I've never seen it and this town is definitely not full of nice people so I don't believe it exists. 24.154.173.50 20:44, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * We moved here this year and have found everyone we've dealt with to be extrememly nice. Really living up to the sign (seen from I 71 northbound by the US 250 exit. This goes from neighbors to everyone working in stores to all restaurant waitresses and hostesses, clerks, etc. Compared to New York, Philly, Boston, Chicago, etc, this whole area is a niceness convention by comparison. It's not that everyone is perfect, just a heck of a lot nicer than most other places. Reminds me of my trips to Canada, in a good way. Keep it up and pass the word, Ashland people! DanZar

 * Take 71 North from Columbus. It is right before Exit 186 (where 250, Grandpa's Cheesebarn, and the Goasis are).  You can't miss it! --172.144.114.69 03:24, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ashland, Ohio


text:
Bryan Fuller

Bryan Fuller (born July 27, 1969) is an American writer and producer, best known for creating the television series Pushing Daisies (2007–2009) and Hannibal (2013–2015). Fuller is also known for his work as a writer and executive producer on the Star Trek television series Voyager (1997–2001) and Deep Space Nine (1997); he is also the co-creator of Star Trek: Discovery (2017–2024).

Early life
Fuller was born in Lewiston, Idaho, and raised in Clarkston, Washington. He was brought up Roman Catholic. After graduating from Clarkston High School, Fuller attended Lewis–Clark State College in Lewiston. He later transferred to the USC School of Cinematic Arts, but dropped out and began working as an office temp.

Career
As a contributing writer, Fuller's work has been featured on several shows, including Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, earning twenty-two episode writing credits for the Star Trek franchise. Fuller is himself a fan of science fiction, and in an interview said that his favorite Star Trek series were the 1960s original, followed by Deep Space Nine, The Next Generation and Voyager. Fuller has called DS9 his favorite spin-off, stating: "There were lots of new and innovative things going on during Deep Space Nine and that's why it's my favorite of the new series. It was much more character-based". Fuller worked on the 1997 DS9 episodes "The Darkness and the Light" and "Empok Nor".

Fuller wrote the teleplay for the 2002 adaptation of Carrie, based on the 1974 novel of the same name by Stephen King. Next, he created Dead Like Me which ran on Showtime for two seasons from 2003 to 2004, although Fuller left early into the first season. He then co-created Wonderfalls with Todd Holland, which ran on Fox in 2004, with only four episodes being aired and the rest premiering on DVD. Near the end of 2004, Fuller got a pilot commitment from NBC for The Assistants, although the show never got past the script stage. In 2005, Fuller wrote the pilot to the animated comedy The Amazing Screw-On Head for the Sci Fi Channel, which aired in 2006 but was not picked up for a series. He next worked on NBC series Heroes, where he joined as a consulting producer after the pilot and became a co-executive producer for the first season. He also wrote a couple episodes for Heroes, including "Company Man" which TV Guide named one of the 100 greatest episodes in television history.

Next he created Pushing Daisies, about a pie-maker (Lee Pace) who can bring dead things back to life temporarily, which debuted on ABC on October 3, 2007. On July 17, 2008, the show was nominated for twelve Emmy Awards from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, including one for Fuller for Outstanding Writing of a Comedy Series. It ultimately won seven Emmy Awards: for Best Supporting Actress (Kristin Chenoweth), Best Art Direction, Best Costume, Best Music, Best Make-Up, Best Editing, and Best Direction of a Comedy Series (Barry Sonnenfeld). The second season of Pushing Daisies began October 1, 2008, on ABC. In mid-November, ABC announced that it would not order new episodes for season two after the 13th. The series' final episode aired on June 13, 2009.

With the cancellation of Pushing Daisies, Fuller signed a seven-figure, two-year deal with Universal Media Studios. He rejoined the writing staff of Heroes for the 20th episode of the third season, and again became a consulting producer, playing a "key role" on the writing staff. After working on some of the story arcs for the next season of Heroes, Fuller announced he was moving on to other projects. His next projects, both a result of the Universal deal and developed for NBC, were Sellevision, developed with Bryan Singer and based on the book of the same name by Augusten Burroughs, and No Kill, Fuller's first sitcom. Neither project got past the scripting stage. Fuller's next project, again for NBC, was Mockingbird Lane, a revival of the classic sitcom The Munsters. A pilot was produced, but the show did not receive a series order, and the pilot aired as a Halloween special. Fuller next worked on Mind Fields with Lisa Joy for USA Network, which was not picked up.

Fuller's next project was the Hannibal Lecter series Hannibal, which premiered on NBC in 2013, and renewed for a second season in 2014. Fuller had developed High Moon for Syfy, based on the book The Lotus Caves, which filmed a pilot in late 2013, but was not given a series order.

By July 2014, Starz had acquired the airing rights to Neil Gaiman's 2001 novel American Gods, and that Fuller, with producer Michael Green, would develop the novel into a television series. The show premiered April 30, 2017. The show was renewed for a second season, but Fuller and Green left the show due to budgetary issues during the writing stage of the second season. In early 2018, Fuller was working on a television adaptation of The Vampire Chronicles novel series by Anne Rice. He dropped out of the project in July of the same year. After leaving American Gods and Discovery, Fuller began work on his first feature film in 2021, writing a new adaptation of the 1983 Stephen King novel Christine for Sony Pictures and Blumhouse Productions, planning to make his directorial debut. In October 2022, it was announced Fuller would write a Friday the 13th prequel television series entitled Crystal lake He dropped out of the project in May, 2024, citing creative differences as the cause.

With development on Christine stalled, Fuller turned to an original screenplay to be his feature directorial debut, Dust Bunny starring Hannibal lead actor Mads Mikkelsen.

Fullerverse
Nicknamed the "Fullerverse" by Fuller's fans, all of Fuller's series are implied to take place in the same universe.

Marianne Marie Beetle (played by actress Beth Grant) first appears in the Wonderfalls episode "Muffin Buffalo", and has subsequently appeared in the Pushing Daisies episode "Comfort Food" and in the pilot of Mockingbird Lane.

Similarly, Gretchen Speck-Horowitz (played by Chelan Simmons) first appears in the Wonderfalls episode "Pink Flamingos" and subsequently appeared in the Hannibal episode "Amuse-Bouche", reverting to her maiden name after her divorce.

Meanwhile, in the Pushing Daisies episode "Bzzzzzzzzz!", Ned mentions that he works for Happy Time Temp Agency when trying to go undercover, the same place where Georgia "George" Lass works in Dead Like Me.

Also, the fictional brand "Lil' Ivey's" first appeared in the Wonderfalls episode "Cocktail Bunny" on a box of cocktail cherries and later appeared in the Pushing Daisies episode "Kerplunk", this time on a bag of macaroni.

Fuller has reinterpreted a few of his characters in later series. Georgia "George" Lass (played by Ellen Muth), having first appeared in Dead Like Me, was reinterpreted as Georgia Madchen (also played by Muth) in the Hannibal episodes "Buffet Froid" and "Relevés". This similarity is furthered by their last names: "lass" is an English (i.e Scottish) synonym for girl while "Mädchen" is a German word meaning the same. In another nod to Georgia Lass being a reaper (therefore both dead and alive) in Dead Like Me, in Hannibal Georgia Madchen is a killer who suffers from numerous medical conditions including Cotard's syndrome, a delusion disorder that has her convinced she is actually dead.

In a similar manner, Reggie Lass from Dead Like Me (played by Britt McKillip) was reinterpreted as Miriam Lass (played by Anna Chlumsky), who first appears in the Hannibal episode "Entrée". Similarly, in the Hannibal episode "Takiawase", an acupuncturist (played by Amanda Plummer) who is under investigation for lobotomizing patients is named Katherine Pimms, which is also the cover name used by Charlotte "Chuck" Charles (played by Anna Friel) in multiple episodes of Pushing Daisies.

A visual nod to Wonderfalls was given in the Heroes first-season episode "Better Halves" when the smoosh-faced wax lion central to Wonderfalls was seen on a bedside table.

Personal life
Fuller is in a long-term relationship with interior designer Scott Roberts.

In a 2007 interview, he stated that his favorite film was the 2001 French film Amélie, which was one of the inspirations for Pushing Daisies: "All the things I love are represented in that movie. It's a movie that will make me cry based on kindness as opposed to sadness."

Sexual harassment allegations
On October 5, 2023, Fuller was accused of and sued for sexual harassment by Sam Wineman, a producer of Queer for Fear, charges Fuller denies. Claiming the lawsuit was a retaliatory attempt to extort Fuller after Wineman left the project, Fuller's attorney Bryan Freedman released the following statement: "Make no mistake, Sam Wineman will be sued for defamation based on what are 100 percent provably false statements," Freedman told Deadline Hollywood. "There is documented evidence which completely disproves the allegations against Bryan Fuller. Wineman created this fictitious story long after his gross incompetence necessitated his removal in an effort to extort AMC, Shudder, Steakhaus and Bryan Fuller." A month later, 14 individuals, 9 of whom had been on the set of Queer for Fear at the time of the supposed incident, came forward in Fuller's defense, disavowing Sam Wineman's story. Some even went so far as to condemn Wineman for unprofessional behavior.

Filmography
Film

Television

title: Bryan Fuller


text: User:Skinny~enwiki

title: User:Skinny~enwiki


text:
Henry Thomas Ryall

Henry Thomas Ryall (August 1811 – 14 September 1867) was an English line, stipple and mixed-method engraver and later used mixed mezzotint.

Ryall was appointed the royal engraver by Queen Victoria. Forty of his works are in the National Portrait Gallery in London.

Life
He was born at Frome, Somerset, in August 1811. He was a pupil of Samuel William Reynolds, the mezzotinto engraver, but the style in which he at first worked was that known as ‘chalk’ or ‘stipple.’ He began his career by engraving plates for the editions of Edmund Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain, and for the series of Portraits of Eminent Conservatives and Statesmen, as well as for Charles Heath's Book of Beauty and other works.

In 1861, Ryall was living with his wife Georgina, niece and two servants at 15 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea.

Ryall died at his residence at Cookham, Berkshire, on 14 September 1867.

Works

Ryall's larger plates are a combination of line and stipple. They include The Coronation of Queen Victoria, after the picture by Sir George Hayter, and The Christening of the Princess Royal, after Charles Robert Leslie, the engraving that gained him the honorary appointment of historical engraver to the queen. He also engraved Christopher Columbus at the Convent of La Rabida, after Sir David Wilkie; The Blind Girl at the Holy Well, after Sir Frederick William Burton, the first publication of the Royal Irish Art Union; Landais Peasants going to Market and Changing Pasture, after Rosa Bonheur; The Death of a Stag, The Combat, The Fight for the Standard, Just Caught, and Dogs and their Game (a series of six plates), after Richard Ansdell; The Halt and The Keeper's Daughter, after Ansdell and William Powell Frith; The Pursuit of Pleasure and ''Home! The Return from the Crimea, after Sir Joseph Noel Paton; Knox administering the first Protestant Sacrament in Scotland, after William Bonnar; Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales, after Robert Thorburn; The Princess Helena and Prince Alfred, after Franz Xaver Winterhalter; Adam and Eve (The Temptation and the Fall), after Claude Marie Dubufe; Devotion, after Édouard Frère; A Duel after a Bal Masqué, after Jean-Léon Gérôme; The Prayer'', after Jean-Baptiste Jules Trayer; and numerous plates after Sir Edwin Landseer.

He engraved also Sir William Charles Ross's miniatures of Queen Victoria and the prince consort, and several other portraits. He painted occasionally in oils, and exhibited in 1846 at the Society of British Artists Waiting for an Answer, and at the Royal Academy A Reverie in 1852, and The Crochet Lesson in 1859.

title: Henry Thomas Ryall


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Up All Night (The Waifs album)

Up All Night is the fourth studio album by Australian folk band The Waifs, first released by Jarrah in January 2003. Critics reacted more favourably to this release and it has been the band's biggest album to date.

Up All Night debuted on the Australian ARIA album chart at No. 3 and 12 months later had shipped over 140,000 copies, garnering a double platinum accreditation.

Their hard work was rewarded at the ARIA Music Awards of 2003 where they won Best Independent Release, Best Blues and Roots Album for Up All Night, as well as Engineer of the Year and Producer of the Year for Chris Thompson's work on the album. The media celebrated with them, calling them an "overnight success 11 years in the making!".

In some parts of North America, the album was packaged with a bonus sampler of Waifs songs.

Track listing

 * 1) "Fisherman's Daughter" (D. Simpson) – 4:43
 * 2) "Nothing New" (V. Simpson) – 3:32
 * 3) "London Still" (D. Simpson) – 3:46
 * 4) "Lighthouse" (Cunningham) – 3:21
 * 5) "Flesh And Blood" (Cunningham) – 4:00
 * 6) "Highway One" (D. Simpson) – 5:07
 * 7) "Since I've Been Around" (Cunningham) – 4:40
 * 8) "Fourth Floor" (Cunningham) – 3:25
 * 9) "Rescue" (D. Simpson) – 2:32
 * 10) "Three Down" (V. Simpson) – 3:18
 * 11) "Sweetness" (D. Simpson) – 3:24
 * 12) "Up All Night" (Cunningham) – 5:51

Musical

 * Josh Cunningham - Dobro, Guitar, Mandolin, Songwriter, Ukulele, Vocals, Group Member
 * Donna Simpson - Guitar (Acoustic), Songwriter, Vocals, Group Member
 * Vikki Simpson - Guitar (Acoustic), Harmonica, Songwriter, Vocals, Group Member
 * Ben Franz - Bass, Dobro, Bass (Electric), Double Bass
 * David MacDonald - Percussion, Drums
 * Bruce Haymes - Keyboards, Wurlitzer

Technical

 * Sam Hickey - Design, Photography, Typography
 * Mark Howard - Engineer
 * Tony "Jack The Bear" Mantz - Mastering
 * Victor Rijken - Photography Official Site
 * Steven Schram - Producer, Assistant Engineer, Mixing, Mixing Assistant
 * Chris Thompson - Producer, Engineer, Mixing
 * The Waifs - Photography

title: Up All Night (The Waifs album)