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Volcanoes Stadium

Volcanoes Stadium is a minor league baseball park in the northwest United States, located in Keizer, Oregon. It is the home field of the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes, formerly the Class A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants in the short-season Northwest League. It now plays host to the Corban University (https://www.corban.edu/) baseball team full time. The Warriors participate at the NAIA level and are members of the Cascade Collegiate Conference. It also is the home to all four teams in the Mavericks Independent Baseball League.

Nicknamed "Oregon's Field of Dreams", it opened in 1997 and has a capacity of 4,254 people. The ballpark is adjacent to Interstate 5, just beyond the right field fence, and sits at an approximate elevation of 150 ft above sea level. The Volcanoes have won five Northwest League championships, in 1998, 2001, 2006, 2007, and 2009. The team moved to Salem-Keizer in 1997, after two seasons in Bellingham, Washington, preceded by eleven years in Everett.

The Stadium won a Design Award from the American Institute of Architects. Since its construction, numerous upgrades have been completed at Volcanoes Stadium including 3 major buildings: A 1,000 sq. ft. building was constructed to serve as a Weight Room for the Team and a 5,000+ sq. ft. building was built (2018) to serve as an indoor hitting facility, it houses four (4) cages. Plus, a 1,200 sq. ft. group hospitality building was constructed. Other additions include: a Jumbotron with live video and instant replay capabilities and a separate Volcanotron LED auxiliary scoreboard, A children's play area, three (3) new concession buildings, five (5) new storage buildings, brand-new Stadium sound system (2019), construction of an on-field Group Party Patio, construction of an Entertainment Deck, installation of 4Topps seating, 300+ upper box seats, new Interstate 5 freeway marquee and expansion of the Stadium ticket office, and expansion of the Stadium Team Store. A VIP Hospitality Skybox Suite to complement the Stadium's other ten (10) skybox suites.

Salem's previous NWL teams in the 1980s played at Chemeketa Community College.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 Minor League Baseball season was cancelled. Following the cancelled season, Major League Baseball took direct control of Minor League Baseball. The Northwest League was elevated to the High-A classification and contracted to six teams. Along with the Boise Hawks, the Volcanoes were not extended an invitation to continue as a franchise affiliated with a major league organization. The team, however, promised to continue playing in some form in 2021.

On January 26, 2021, the Volcanoes announced the creation of the Mavericks Independent Baseball League, set to begin play in May 2021 with four teams all playing their home games at Volcanoes Stadium: the Volcanoes, the Campesinos de Salem-Keizer (previously the Volcanoes' Copa de la Diversión alter-ego), and the revivals of the Portland Mavericks (an infamous independent Northwest League team which played from 1973 to 1977) and the Salem Senators (a name used by numerous Northwest League teams based in Salem throughout the 20th century).

Other uses
Volcanoes Stadium is used for other events, including RV shows, birthday parties, and concerts.

The stadium is home to the state high school baseball championships and local little league teams. It also serves as the home field for the baseball team at Corban University.

Under head coach Mike Bellotti, the University of Oregon Ducks played their spring football game at the stadium in early May 1998.

title: Volcanoes Stadium


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reparo

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT to List of spells in Harry Potter since, unsurprisingly, it's already there. -Splash talk 21:49, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Reparo

 * VFD: a spell from Harry Potter does not warrant its own page Devanjedi 00:28, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This vfd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Merge into List of spells in Harry Potter. —Cryptic (talk) 08:10, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge as above. Megapixie 08:55, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect into List of spells in Harry Potter. - Mgm|(talk) 11:25, September 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect sounds very sensible. --Jacqui M Schedler 16:02, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Felipe Monteiro de Carvalho 00:13, 10 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reparo


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Dave Haynie

Dave Haynie is an American electrical engineer and was chief engineer at Commodore International. He is vocal in the Amiga community.

title: Dave Haynie


text:
Ayotte

Ayotte is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Kelly Ayotte (born 1968), former United States senator
 * Leo Ayotte (1909–1976), artist
 * Mark Ayotte (born 1964), referee

title: Ayotte


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Birth–death process

The birth–death process (or birth-and-death process) is a special case of continuous-time Markov process where the state transitions are of only two types: "births", which increase the state variable by one and "deaths", which decrease the state by one. It was introduced by William Feller. The model's name comes from a common application, the use of such models to represent the current size of a population where the transitions are literal births and deaths. Birth–death processes have many applications in demography, queueing theory, performance engineering, epidemiology, biology and other areas. They may be used, for example, to study the evolution of bacteria, the number of people with a disease within a population, or the number of customers in line at the supermarket.

Definition
When a birth occurs, the process goes from state n to n + 1. When a death occurs, the process goes from state n to state n − 1. The process is specified by positive birth rates $$\{\lambda_i\}_{i=0\dots\infty}$$ and positive death rates $$\{\mu_i\}_{i=1\dots\infty}$$. The number of individuals in the process at time $$t$$ is denoted by $$X(t)$$. The process has the Markov property and $$P_{i,j}(t)=\mathsf{P}\{X(t+s)=j|X(s)=i\}$$ describes how $$X(t)$$ changes through time. For small $$\triangle t>0$$,  the function $$P_{i,j}(\triangle t)$$ is assumed to satisfy the following properties:

 * $$P_{i,i+1}(\triangle t)=\lambda_i\triangle t+o(\triangle t), \quad i\geq0,$$
 * $$P_{i,i-1}(\triangle t)=\mu_i\triangle t+o(\triangle t), \quad i\geq1,$$
 * $$P_{i,i}(\triangle t)=1-(\lambda_i+\mu_i)\triangle t+o(\triangle t), \quad i\geq1.$$

This process is represented by the following figure with the states of the process (i.e. the number of individuals in the population) depicted by the circles, and transitions between states indicated by the arrows.

Recurrence and transience
For recurrence and transience in Markov processes see Section 5.3 from Markov chain.

Conditions for recurrence and transience
Conditions for recurrence and transience were established by Samuel Karlin and James McGregor.

 * A birth-and-death process is recurrent if and only if
 * $$\sum_{i=1}^\infty\prod_{n=1}^i\frac{\mu_n}{\lambda_n}=\infty.$$

 * A birth-and-death process is ergodic if and only if
 * $$\sum_{i=1}^\infty\prod_{n=1}^i\frac{\mu_n}{\lambda_n}=\infty \quad \text{and} \quad \sum_{i=1}^\infty\prod_{n=1}^i\frac{\lambda_{n-1}}{\mu_n}<\infty.$$

 * A birth-and-death process is null-recurrent if and only if
 * $$\sum_{i=1}^\infty\prod_{n=1}^i\frac{\mu_n}{\lambda_n}=\infty \quad \text{and} \quad \sum_{i=1}^\infty\prod_{n=1}^i\frac{\lambda_{n-1}}{\mu_n}=\infty.$$

By using Extended Bertrand's test (see Section 4.1.4 from Ratio test) the conditions for recurrence, transience, ergodicity and null-recurrence can be derived in a more explicit form.

For integer $$K\geq1,$$ let $$\ln_{(K)}(x)$$ denote the $$K$$th iterate of natural logarithm, i.e. $$\ln_{(1)}(x)=\ln (x)$$ and for any $$2\leq k\leq K$$, $$\ln_{(k)}(x)=\ln_{(k-1)}(\ln (x))$$.

Then, the conditions for recurrence and transience of a birth-and-death process are as follows.

 * The birth-and-death process is transient if there exist $$c > 1,$$ $$K\geq1$$ and $$n_0$$ such that for all $$n > n_0$$
 * $$\frac{\lambda_n}{\mu_n}\geq1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{K-1}\frac{1}{\prod_{j=1}^k\ln_{(j)}(n)}+\frac{c}{n\prod_{j=1}^K\ln_{(j)}(n)},$$

where the empty sum for $$K=1$$ is assumed to be 0.

 * The birth-and-death process is recurrent if there exist $$K\geq1$$ and $$n_0$$ such that for all $$n > n_0$$
 * $$\frac{\lambda_n}{\mu_n}\leq1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^{K}\frac{1}{\prod_{j=1}^k\ln_{(j)}(n)}.$$

Wider classes of birth-and-death processes, for which the conditions for recurrence and transience can be established, can be found in.

Application
Consider one-dimensional random walk $$S_t, \ t=0,1,\ldots,$$ that is defined as follows. Let $$S_0=1$$, and $$S_t=S_{t-1}+e_t, \ t\geq1,$$ where $$e_t$$ takes values $$\pm1$$, and the distribution of $$S_t$$ is defined by the following conditions:
 * $$\mathsf{P}\{S_{t+1}=S_t+1|S_t>0\}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\alpha_{S_t}}{S_t}, \quad \mathsf{P}\{S_{t+1}=S_t-1|S_t>0\}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\alpha_{S_t}}{S_t}, \quad \mathsf{P}\{S_{t+1}=1|S_t=0\}=1,$$

where $$\alpha_n$$ satisfy the condition $$0<\alpha_n<\min\{C, n/2\}, C>0$$.

The random walk described here is a discrete time analogue of the birth-and-death process (see Markov chain) with the birth rates
 * $$\lambda_n=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\alpha_{n}}{n},$$

and the death rates
 * $$\mu_n=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\alpha_{n}}{n}$$.

So, recurrence or transience of the random walk is associated with recurrence or transience of the birth-and-death process.

 * The random walk is transient if there exist $$c>1$$, $$K\geq1$$ and $$n_0$$ such that for all $$n>n_0$$
 * $$\alpha_n\geq\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\sum_{k=1}^{K-1}\prod_{j=1}^k\frac{1}{\ln_{(j)}(n)}+c\prod_{j=1}^K\frac{1}{\ln_{(j)}(n)}\right),$$

where the empty sum for $$K=1$$ is assumed to be zero.

 * The random walk is recurrent if there exist $$K\geq1$$ and $$n_0$$ such that for all $$n>n_0$$
 * $$\alpha_n\leq\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\sum_{k=1}^{K}\prod_{j=1}^k\frac{1}{\ln_{(j)}(n)}\right).$$

Stationary solution
If a birth-and-death process is ergodic, then there exists steady-state probabilities $$\pi_k=\lim_{t\to\infty}p_k(t),$$ where $$p_k(t)$$ is the probability that the birth-and-death process is in state $$k$$ at time $$t.$$ The limit exists, independent of the initial values $$p_k(0),$$ and is calculated by the relations:
 * $$\pi_k=\pi_0\prod_{i=1}^k\frac{\lambda_{i-1}}{\mu_i},\quad k=1,2,\ldots,$$
 * $$\pi_0=\frac{1}{1+\sum_{k=1}^\infty\prod_{i=1}^k\frac{\lambda_{i-1}}{\mu_i}}.$$

These limiting probabilities are obtained from the infinite system of differential equations for $$p_k(t):$$

 * $$p_0^\prime(t)=\mu_1 p_1(t)-\lambda_0 p_0(t) \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda_{k-1} p_{k-1}(t)+\mu_{k+1} p_{k+1}(t)-(\lambda_k +\mu_k) p_k(t), k=1,2,\ldots, \, $$

and the initial condition $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty p_k(t)=1.$$

In turn, the last system of differential equations is derived from the system of difference equations that describes the dynamic of the system in a small time $$\Delta t$$. During this small time $$\Delta t$$ only three types of transitions are considered as one death, or one birth, or no birth nor death. The probability of the first two of these transitions has the order of $$\Delta t$$. Other transitions during this small interval $$\Delta t$$ such as more than one birth, or more than one death, or at least one birth and at least one death have the probabilities that are of smaller order than $$\Delta t$$, and hence are negligible in derivations. If the system is in state k, then the probability of birth during an interval $$\Delta t$$ is $$\lambda_k\Delta t+o(\Delta t)$$, the probability of death is $$\mu_k\Delta t+o(\Delta t)$$, and the probability of no birth and no death is $$1-\lambda_k\Delta t-\mu_k\Delta t+o(\Delta t)$$. For a population process, "birth" is the transition towards increasing the population size by 1 while "death" is the transition towards decreasing the population size by 1.

Examples of birth-death processes
A pure birth process is a birth–death process where $$\mu_{i} = 0$$ for all $$i \ge 0$$.

A pure death process is a birth–death process where $$\lambda_{i} = 0$$ for all $$i \ge 0$$.

M/M/1 model and M/M/c model, both used in queueing theory, are birth–death processes used to describe customers in an infinite queue.

Use in phylodynamics
Birth–death processes are used in phylodynamics as a prior distribution for phylogenies, i.e. a binary tree in which birth events correspond to branches of the tree and death events correspond to leaf nodes. Notably, they are used in viral phylodynamics to understand the transmission process and how the number of people infected changes through time.

The use of generalized birth-death processes in phylodynamics has stimulated investigations into the degree to which the rates of birth and death can be identified from data. While the model is unidentifiable in general, the subset of models that are typically used are identifiable.

Use in queueing theory
In queueing theory the birth–death process is the most fundamental example of a queueing model, the M/M/C/K/$$\infty$$/FIFO (in complete Kendall's notation) queue. This is a queue with Poisson arrivals, drawn from an infinite population, and C servers with exponentially distributed service times with K places in the queue. Despite the assumption of an infinite population this model is a good model for various telecommunication systems.

M/M/1 queue
The M/M/1 is a single server queue with an infinite buffer size. In a non-random environment the birth–death process in queueing models tend to be long-term averages, so the average rate of arrival is given as $$\lambda$$ and the average service time as $$1/\mu$$. The birth and death process is an M/M/1 queue when,

 * $$\lambda_{i}=\lambda\text{ and }\mu_{i}=\mu\text{ for all }i. \, $$

The differential equations for the probability that the system is in state k at time t are

 * $$p_0^\prime(t)=\mu p_1(t)-\lambda p_0(t), \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{k-1}(t)+\mu p_{k+1}(t)-(\lambda +\mu) p_k(t) \quad \text{for } k=1,2,\ldots \, $$

Pure birth process associated with an M/M/1 queue
Pure birth process with $$\lambda_k\equiv\lambda$$ is a particular case of the M/M/1 queueing process. We have the following system of differential equations:
 * $$p_0^\prime(t)=-\lambda p_0(t), \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{k-1}(t)-\lambda p_k(t) \quad \text{for } k=1,2,\ldots \, $$

Under the initial condition $$p_0(0)=1$$ and $$p_k(0)=0, \ k=1,2,\ldots$$, the solution of the system is
 * $$p_k(t)=\frac{(\lambda t)^k}{k!}\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda t}.$$

That is, a (homogeneous) Poisson process is a pure birth process.

M/M/c queue
The M/M/C is a multi-server queue with C servers and an infinite buffer. It characterizes by the following birth and death parameters:

 * $$\mu_i = i\mu \quad \text{ for }i\leq C-1, \, $$

and

 * $$\mu_i = C\mu \quad \text{ for }i\geq C, \, $$

with

 * $$\lambda_i = \lambda \quad \text{ for all }i. \, $$

The system of differential equations in this case has the form:
 * $$p_0^\prime(t)=\mu p_1(t)-\lambda p_0(t), \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{k-1}(t)+(k+1)\mu p_{k+1}(t)-(\lambda +k\mu) p_k(t) \quad \text{for } k=1,2,\ldots,C-1, \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{k-1}(t)+C\mu p_{k+1}(t)-(\lambda +C\mu) p_k(t) \quad \text{for } k\geq C. \, $$

Pure death process associated with an M/M/C queue
Pure death process with $$\mu_k= k\mu$$ is a particular case of the M/M/C queueing process. We have the following system of differential equations:
 * $$p_C^\prime(t)=-C\mu p_C(t), \, $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=(k+1)\mu p_{k+1}(t)-k\mu p_k(t) \quad \text{for } k=0,1,\ldots,C-1. \, $$

Under the initial condition $$p_C(0)=1$$ and $$p_k(0)=0, \ k=0,1,\ldots, C-1,$$ we obtain the solution
 * $$p_k(t)=\binom{C}{k}\mathrm{e}^{-k\mu t}\left(1-\mathrm{e}^{-\mu t}\right)^{C-k},$$

that presents the version of binomial distribution depending on time parameter $$t$$ (see Binomial process).

M/M/1/K queue
The M/M/1/K queue is a single server queue with a buffer of size K. This queue has applications in telecommunications, as well as in biology when a population has a capacity limit. In telecommunication we again use the parameters from the M/M/1 queue with,

 * $$\lambda_i = \lambda \quad \text{ for }0 \leq i < K, \, $$

 * $$\lambda_i=0 \quad \text{ for }i\geq K, \, $$

 * $$\mu_i=\mu \quad \text{ for }1 \leq i \leq K. \, $$

In biology, particularly the growth of bacteria, when the population is zero there is no ability to grow so,

 * $$\lambda_0=0. \, $$

Additionally if the capacity represents a limit where the individual dies from over population,

 * $$\mu_K = 0. \, $$

The differential equations for the probability that the system is in state k at time t are

 * $$p_0^\prime(t)=\mu p_1(t)-\lambda p_0(t), $$
 * $$p_k^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{k-1}(t)+\mu p_{k+1}(t)-(\lambda +\mu) p_k(t) \quad \text{ for }k \leq K-1, \, $$
 * $$p_K^\prime(t)=\lambda p_{K-1}(t)-(\lambda +\mu) p_K(t), \, $$
 * $$p_k(t)=0 \quad \text{ for }k > K. \, $$

Equilibrium
A queue is said to be in equilibrium if the steady state probabilities $$\pi_k=\lim_{t \to \infty}p_k(t), \ k=0,1,\ldots,$$ exist. The condition for the existence of these steady-state probabilities in the case of M/M/1 queue is $$\rho=\lambda/\mu<1$$ and in the case of M/M/C queue is $$\rho=\lambda/(C\mu)<1$$. The parameter $$\rho$$ is usually called load parameter or utilization parameter. Sometimes it is also called traffic intensity.

Using the M/M/1 queue as an example, the steady state equations are

 * $$\lambda \pi_0=\mu \pi_1, \, $$

 * $$(\lambda +\mu) \pi_k=\lambda \pi_{k-1}+\mu \pi_{k+1}. \, $$

This can be reduced to

 * $$\lambda \pi_k=\mu \pi_{k+1}\text{ for }k\geq 0. \, $$

So, taking into account that $$\pi_0+\pi_1+\ldots=1$$, we obtain
 * $$\pi_k=(1-\rho)\rho^k.$$

Bilateral birth-and-death process
Bilateral birth-and-death process is defined similarly to that standard one with the only difference that the birth and death rates $$\lambda_i$$ and $$\mu_i$$ are defined for the values of index parameter $$i=0,\pm1,\pm2,\ldots$$. Following this, a bilateral birth-and-death process is recurrent if and only if
 * $$\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\prod_{n=1}^{i}\frac{\mu_n}{\lambda_n}=\infty \quad \text{and} \quad \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\prod_{n=1}^{i}\frac{\lambda_{-n}}{\mu_{-n}}=\infty.$$

The notions of ergodicity and null-recurrence are defined similarly by extending the corresponding notions of the standard birth-and-death process.

title: Birth–death process


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Vault (sculpture)

Vault (popularly known as The Yellow Peril) is a public sculpture located in Southbank, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The work of sculptor Ron Robertson-Swann, Vault is an abstract, minimalist sculpture built of large thick flat polygonal sheets of prefabricated steel, assembled in a way that suggests dynamic movement. It is painted yellow.

Presently located outside the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, it is a key work in Melbourne's public art collection, and of considerable historical importance to the city.

Vault has weathered much controversy throughout its existence. Commissioned by the Melbourne City Council after winning a competition in May 1978, for the newly built Melbourne City Square, the sculpture was not even built before it began to attract criticism from certain media and council factions, on the grounds that its modern form was felt to be unsympathetic to the location. The cost of $70,000 was also felt to be excessive.

The sculpture had no official name for over two years, and acquired a number of nicknames during this time. Robertson-Swann himself called it The Thing. The steelworkers who constructed it called it Steelhenge. Newspapers gave it the derogatory nickname The Yellow Peril, a name which has stuck. Robertson-Swann eventually officially named the sculpture Vault in September 1980.

Installed in the City Square for its opening in May 1980, the Melbourne City Council voted to remove it only three months later. The controversy was one of many issues that led to the State Government's sacking of the City Council in December 1980. The Builders Labourers Federation announced they would ban any attempts to move it.

In July 1981, Vault was finally dismantled and re-erected at Batman Park, a much less prominent part of the city. It remained there until 2002 when it was moved to a position outside the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art in Southbank.

Following a heritage study of the Southbank area in 2017, the sculpture was recommended for heritage protection through inclusion in the City of Melbourne Planning Scheme Heritage Overlay, which was applied in 2020. In May 2024 it was proposed for listing at the State level on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Vault has been inspirational for some built and propositional architectural projects designed in Melbourne. Several of Denton Corker Marshall's works have "adopted peril's yellow almost as a point of pride and solidarity", while its form has been referenced in some works by ARM Architecture (Ashton Raggatt McDougall).

title: Vault (sculpture)


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Yukino Kikuma

Yukino Kikuma (菊間 千乃) is a Japanese announcer for Fuji TV. She is from Tokyo. She studied in Great Britain.

Accident
On September 2, 1998, while reporting for Mezamashi TV, Kikuma fell from a 5th story window while reporting on a device to help occupants escape in an emergency. The accident happened when she tried to demonstrate the use of the escape system designed to lower an occupant to the ground from a window. The device was improperly secured to the building and so failed, resulting in a fall from four stories onto padding placed on the ground as a safety precaution for her planned descent. Kikuma survived, sustaining an injury to her waist. It took her three months to fully recover.

After this accident, Fuji TV announcers instituted a policy of avoiding dangerous reports.

Change of Profession
Kikuma announced her retirement from Fuji TV in December 2007 to pursue studies in law, attending Omiya Law School. She passed the bar exam in 2010.

title: Yukino Kikuma


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Robert Rusler

Robert Rusler (born September 20, 1965) is an American film and television actor. He made his film debut in the teen comedy Weird Science (1985) and subsequently appeared in the horror films A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985) and Vamp (1986). He starred as Tommy Hook in the skateboarding cult film Thrashin' (1986) and as "Buzz" in the 1989 film Shag.

Life and career
Rusler was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of Maria Elena (née Varela) and Richard C. Rusler. He moved to Waikiki Beach in Hawaii, where he started surfing and skateboarding on a semi-professional level, competing in local tournaments. Then he and his family moved to Los Angeles, where he studied martial arts and entered many competitions. After high school, Robert wanted to try his hand as an actor and began taking acting classes at the Loft Studio with Peggy Feury and William Traylor.

His first film role was Max in the 1985 hit comedy Weird Science. He appeared later that year in horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge as Grady. While filming the movie, Rob and the star of the movie, Mark Patton became close friends. He also played Richard Lawson in the 1991 TV film Stephen King's Sometimes They Come Back. Rusler has appeared in television series, such as the short lived 1990 series The Outsiders as Tim Shepard, and in the 1993 series Angel Falls, but his best known TV role was in the 1990s hit science fiction series Babylon 5 as Warren Keffer in season 2 (1994–1995). He has acted in the 1995 sci-fi video game flight simulator, Wing Commander IV which starred Mark Hamill and Malcolm McDowell. He also appeared in an episode of the TV series The Unit.

Rusler has made guest appearances on television shows ranging from The Facts of Life, Snoops, Cold Case, Medium, The Unit, The Closer, 24, Navy NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and Enterprise in the season 3 episode "Anomaly" as Orgoth. He has appeared in a Heineken commercial directed by Oliver Stone.

title: Robert Rusler


text:
Talk:I-400-class submarine

Moved info here
Moved the info from submarine aircraft carrier to here. I am not sure about the info about the scuttling of the subs. It seems different than the info that was here. say1988 00:34, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Aicha m6a Stats
There's no way that the aicha could match the performance stats quoted in this article. It was not capable of reaching 360mph in level flight, let alone maintaining it for 650 miles whilst carrying a bombload. The quoted performance figures in the Aicha M6A page are much more realistic. --Corinthian 23:46, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
 * What happened to Aicha M6A? I tried to check those numbers, and it wasn't there.--131.207.236.198 13:52, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Corinthian misspelled the name. It's Aichi M6A. TomTheHand 13:57, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

Department of Corrections
I changed Long Lance to Type 95, the Japanese designation; Long Lance was the name given by Morison postwar. Also, "four 3,000 horsepower (2.2 MW) engines"? I doubt it, & the spec box sez 7000hp (a far more reasonable figure). User:trekphiler 10:44, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

 * This website - http://www.combinedfleet.com/sen_toku.htm - reports the lower total figure of 7,700hp, though it's impossible to say where it got the figure from as it does not cite any sources. Adrian M. H. 22:48, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, but what is the purpose behind both figures being shown? Which one is correct? If it's impossible to find a reliable source, I believe a more honest way to describe it is ????HP/KW --RRMola 15:06, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Captain of the submarine committing suicide
"The commander of the submarine fleet, Captain Ariizumi, had been responsible for an atrocity earlier in the war and therefore apparently decided on suicide rather than surrender to the Americans."

I removed the part explaining the suicide. Revert if any source is available on the atrocities AND the connection with the decision. If any atrocities are documented a page could be created about the man himself. 82.66.206.198 21:41, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, and I’ve removed the details of his “heroic�? death.

 * Also, The atrocities are well documented, (here, and here) and the account of his suicide, and the reason, is given in Tony Bridgland's book "Waves of Hate". Xyl 54 (talk) 03:38, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Comment:missiles
Durring the Cold War the US Navy had at least two early cruise missiles: the 'Loon' which was a V-1 with US markings and the 'Regulas'. Both were launched from submarines equipt with pressure chambers very much like those on the I-400 class of IJN subs.Wohl1917 18:56, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Links for those intrigued by this tidbit of navy history: Republic-Ford JB-2 "Loon" and SSM-N-8 Regulus "Regulus" Naaman Brown (talk) 17:17, 21 November 2009 (UTC)

Removed uncited claim
I've removed this para from the introduction as none of the references provided appears to support it, and it may not even be relevant to the topic of this article. 'Although the U.S. Navy remained discreet about it, the Japanese were ahead of the Allies in many aspects of submarine development and underwater weapons. During the Second World War, the Japanese had 30 different classes of submarines — from the one-man suicide torpedoes to the giant I-400 class of aircraft carriers, and used the world's most effective torpedoes, the Type 95.' --Nick Dowling 11:16, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Comment:aircraft
M6A1 performance: Warplanes of the Second World War.FLOATPLANES VOL 6William Green. gives an economical crusing sped of 184 mph and a range of 739 miles. Docent75 (talk) 21:25, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

I-14
This NY Times article suggests that there was another class capable of holding 2 Aichi M6As—the I-14. There's no article on this. Any experts? Bongo  matic  01:13, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

 * That would be the Type AM submarine. There were two built. I-13 was sunk toward the end of the war, I-14 is the one they just found. Rees11 (talk) 02:54, 13 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Might be nice to update the Aichi M6A article to reflect this. Bongo  matic  03:03, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Not Unique
As a member of a class of two, it cannot be in the Unique category! Hugo999 (talk) 13:11, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

Sept 9, 1945
While not familiar with all aspects of the I-400 subs, I do have a Japanese nautical chart of Tokyo Bay taken from the I-400 by my father after his LSM was tied to the I-400 along with the sub tender. My father was an radio operator on LSM-284. His boat entered Tokyo Bay on August 27th, 1945. On the back of the chart he wrote to his younger brother on September 9th, 1945 about their boarding the "largest sub in the world" and how the conscript Chinese and few remaining Japanese left on Board to maintain the craft were all in rags and smelled of rice wine, seemingly having used the watered down wine instead of water to bath. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LPrb (talk • contribs) 22:05, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Degaussing cables
Quote: Strung along the submarine's gunwales were two parallel sets of demagnetization cables, running from the stern to the bow planes. These were intended to dissipate the static charge that normally builds up when a boat's hull slices through the water, causing the steel in the hull to deteriorate over time. (Sakaida,p.73)

Me:This cannot be true. Vessels don't build up a static charge running through nice conductive water, and degaussing cables wouldn't change anything if they did. Mistranslation from Sakaida? If there were degaussing cables presumably they were to reduce the magnetic signature of the vessel so it would be less prone to setting off magnetic influence mines? Dbeierl (talk) 14:01, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Surviving Aichi M6A
The last section of this article titled "Artifacts" states that the only surviving aircraft was found at the Aichi Aircraft Factory in August 1945 and does cite a ref. for this information however, a related Wiki Article titled Aichi M6A states, under the section titled "Survivors", that this same aircraft was surrendered by a Japanese Navy Lt. to U.S. forces after he flew it from Fukuyama to Yokosuka. The source cited in the Aichi article is the Smithsonian's own website. Which is correct?

A small point for this article since it's really on the sub and not the plane but the source should be double checked and the section corrected or deleted if it is in fact incorrect. Most of the refs. cited in this sub article appear to have come from one source. --BLACKMONGOOSE13 (talk) 07:29, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

Possible merger of individual submarine articles with this
The question has been raised at Talk:Japanese submarine I-401 of whether that article (and by implication also Japanese submarine I-402), both of which are meagre offerings with little or no material that is not already here, should be merged with I-400-class submarine. The 401/402 articles are likely never be developed into articles with distinct material, beyond the detail that is or can be included here. A single good article would be of benefit to readers (unless one day it became too large and had to be divided). Note no mention of merging Japanese submarine I-400. Strangely, that one doesn't exist - the link in the table is just a circular redirect back to here. It's "pre-merged". Perhaps at least that wikilink ought to be deleted. Davidships (talk) 22:25, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

Reconciliation between articles on Ulithi Atoll and I-400-class submarine
The article on the Ulithi Atoll indicates that by mid-1945 the Ulithi Atoll naval base had been largely abandoned. The article on the I-400 class submarines suggests that in mid-1945 the Ulithi Atoll was being used as a staging area for the American invasion fleet against the Japanese home islands. One of the two statements appears to be incorrect. Wsjacobs (talk) 23:19, 21 January 2015 (UTC)wsjacobs

External links modified
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Reverse engineering additions extremely dubious and should be removed
Whoever added that information provided no sources, and quite frankly is a bunch of nonsense. No source on submarines ever made these kinds of claims. 2600:1700:6000:9CA0:34B7:C4D1:7E2E:617D (talk) 09:47, 22 August 2019 (UTC)
 * This article says too much about the submarine. Especially the part I-400-class submarine. But there is no reliable reference or no reference at all. We need to find some valid reference. And change the article accordingly. This will save a lot of effort and time and will be hassle-free.
 * The reverse engineering changes were added a few days ago without any reference whatsoever. So what is the problem with removing additions that had no references to begin with? Is it Wikipedia policy now to prove a negative? 2600:1700:6000:9CA0:34B7:C4D1:7E2E:617D (talk) 10:05, 22 August 2019 (UTC)
 * The text about "reverse engineering" the "superior" Japanese submarines was originally added by an IP without a source. While the submarines were inspected (as were surface ships and German submarines) to see what could be learned, currently the article goes completely over the top about this. We would need very high quality sources to warrant keeping this kind of thing.Nigel Ish (talk) 10:07, 22 August 2019 (UTC)
 * As I have already said, to do a hassle free constructive edit, we need valid individual reliable sources. If you manage to find some, then you're welcome to change accordingly. Until then, move your goal towards finding the source rather than adding anything that too is not reliable. How does that even help the article, replacing a non reliable content with another? AbhiMukh97 (Speak) (Contribs) 10:13, 22 August 2019 (UTC)
 * There is no source that can back up these statements. It's not in any of the submarine books I own, and searching online resulted in nothing. This "reverse engineering" statement was literally made up by an IP a few days ago. This is just about removing unsourced additions, and now your justification for keeping it is that we have to prove a negative. That's not how burden of proof works. Even the language itself is questionable and seems to come from a Japanese nationalist. 2600:1700:6000:9CA0:34B7:C4D1:7E2E:617D (talk) 10:33, 22 August 2019 (UTC)

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