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Hermann August Hagen

Hermann August Hagen (30 May 1817 – 9 November 1893) was a German entomologist who specialised in Neuroptera and Odonata. He had established himself as one of Europe's preeminent entomologists by 1867 when he accepted a position at Harvard University to curate the Museum of Comparative Zoology. In 1870 he became the first entomologist in the United States to hold the formal title, Professor of Entomology.

Biography
Hagen was born 30 May 1817 in Königsberg, Prussia. He was the son of Anna (Linck) Hagen and Carl Heinrich Hagen. His father was a senior government counselor and a professor of political science at the University of Königsberg and his grandfather, Karl Gottfried Hagen, was a professor of chemistry at the same university.

Young Hagen graduated from a gymnasium in 1836 and began to study medicine at the University of Königsberg. His course of studies was greatly influenced by his zoology professor, Martin Heinrich Rathke and together they toured major entomological collections and libraries in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany. In 1839 he published his first paper, List of the Dragonflies of East Prussia. In 1840, he received his medical degree, having written his thesis on European species of dragonflies. He then studied medicine in Berlin, Vienna, Paris, and elsewhere. In 1843, he returned to Königsberg, entered into the general practice of medicine, and for three years was first assistant at a surgical hospital.

In spite of the heavy workload at the hospital, Hagen continued his entomological studies. He published several papers on dragonflies as a result of his close collaboration with Edmond de Sélys Longchamps. They remained collaborators even after Hagen emigrated to America. Hagen also published the Monographie des Termites from 1855 to 1860. This detailed study of termites was called "a masterpiece of original work".

In 1856, Hagen met the Russian entomologist, Carl Robert Osten-Sacken. Osten-Sacken convinced Hagen to make a study of the Neuroptera of North America and sent him large collections of material, including insects he had collected in the American West. In 1861 Hagen published the resulting Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. In addition to his work on living Neuroptera, Hagen made important and pioneering studies of extinct Neuroptera, especially the Mesozoic European species found trapped in amber. One of his best known works was Bibliotheca Entomologica. Published as two volumes in 1862 and 1863, it was an attempt to list all the publications on entomology up to 1862. For many years after publication it was considered one of the most accurate and complete scientific bibliographies available.

In spite of a busy medical practice and a full program of scientific studies, Hagen also found time to serve as a member of the school board and vice-president of the city council in Königsberg from 1863 to 1867. While holding these civic offices, he was invited by Louis Agassiz to come to Cambridge as assistant in entomology at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. Agassiz had been encouraged in this idea by Osten-Sacken. Hagen accepted, and in 1867 he emigrated to the United States. In Cambridge he became curator of the museum's entomological collections and in 1870 he was named Professor of Entomology, becoming the first person in America to hold that title.

Hagen approached his new responsibilities with great energy. Under his direction the entire entomological collection was reorganized, cleaned and stored in new boxes and cabinets. The revitalized museum attracted significant new collections donated by some of America's leading entomologists. He is also credited with reversing the traditional flow of insect collections from America to Europe. In 1877 for example, Hermann Loew's collection of American Diptera in Berlin was repatriated to Cambridge.

Hagen was also an influential teacher at Harvard. Several of his students went on to become notable entomologists, including John Henry Comstock, Albert J. Cook, Herbert Osborn, Henry G. Hubbard, and Charles W. Woodworth.

He seldom made field trips, usually confining his travel to museums, libraries and universities. However, in 1882 he participated in a survey of insect pests along the Northern Pacific Railroad, traveling through Montana, California, Oregon and Washington.

He was a member of several scientific societies including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the American Entomological Society. He founded the Cambridge Entomological Club. In 1863, he received the honorary degree of Ph.D. from the University of Königsberg.

Works
Hagen wrote over 400 articles, including:

 * with Edmond de Sélys Longchamps. "Revue des odonates ou Libellules d'Europe." Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége 6:1-408 (1850).
 * Monographie der Termiten (1855–1860).
 * Synopsis of North American Neuroptera (1861). This work was written at the request of the Smithsonian Institution. Some of the terms used by Hagen were not well explained in this work. This was corrected by the Irish Entomologist Alexander Henry Haliday in 1857 in "Explanation of terms used by Dr Hagen in his synopsis of the British Dragon-flies," Entomologists' Annual 164-15, Fig.
 * Bibliotheca Entomologica (1862–1863). This work, listing all entomological literature up to 1862, was found in all the major entomology libraries. It was the "entomologist's bible.".

title: Hermann August Hagen


text:
Category:Baekje monarchs

Rulers of the Baekje kingdom. See the chronological listing at Rulers of Korea.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Baekje monarchs


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Microsoft Jet Database Engine/Archive1

Microsoft Jet Database Engine
Self nomination (one of my focus articles). I think this is pretty comprehensive now! I have referenced it thoroughly, and attempted to explain the various database concepts as well as I can to the layman (one of the peer review comments). I have also got a table that details versions for the history - I realise that the history text is quite dry, but nonetheless necessary. Hope to have this up to scratch before moving on to MDAC. - Ta bu shi da yu 09:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Well written, very readable (espesially considering the subject matter). Only (minor) thing that ought to get dealt with is the red links. WegianWarrior 09:20, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... I'll be getting to it :) Thanks Wegian! - Ta bu shi da yu 10:39, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Phroziac (talk) 13:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral. Really an "object", but I'll be away the next few weeks, and I don't want to stand in the article's way because of some obsolete old objection that I couldn't strike out due to my absence. I trust Ta bu to address my points anyway. While this is good work, there are many open questions: Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm unsure whether the longish and yet superficial explanations of "Locking", "Transaction processing", and "Data integrity" really belong into this article. Wouldn't it be better to have full-blown articles on these subjects and just give summaries (with "Main article"-links) here? After all, it's not as if Jet was in any way special: these mechanisms are/were commonplace. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm... good point. I have created Lock (database). There are some specific things in that section to do with Jet, though. Transaction processing already exists, and I have Jet specific stuff in that section, so don't feel that a seemain would be appropriate for this section. I quite like the "Data Integrity" section, and feel that it is necessary background information. It's possible that it should be placed into its own article. Not sure, what do others think? The queries stuff is very much specific to Jet, same with security. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm worried about the accuracy of these descriptions. The article states, for instance, that "With pessimistic locking it is guaranteed that the record will be updated." This must be qualified by "if the user obtained the lock", otherwise the obvious question a reader will ask is "then why use optimistic locking at all?". The point is that you may get more lock conflicts with a pessimistic policy, which is why optimistic schemes were invented based on the observation that most transactions won't conflict anyway. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... my understanding might be faulty here. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, I see what you are saying. I have updated the article. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:38, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * What locking policy (policies) did Jet employ? 2PL? See also concurrency control. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Gulp... don't know! OK, definitely something that needs sorting out. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I presume Jet has read and write locks, but the article talks about locking only in the context of updating. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Another fair point. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "Until the transaction is committed, the only changes that are made are in memory and not actually done on disk." Yeah, really? What about logging and/or file caches? Was caching left entirely to the OS? Strikes me as unlikely, but what do I know what Microsoft did... Maybe safer to rephrase to "Until a transaction is successfully committed, changes are only recorded in temporary storage and not yet in the database itself." or some such. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I got that from a Microsoft article. Will dig it out and add a footnote. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Got this from Microsoft themselves:
 * "Since the operations in a transaction are saved up in memory until the entire transaction is committed, application developers can benefit from their use even when a transaction would not otherwise be necessary"
 * The article fails to explain what a "user" is. I take it that it is a software that uses the Jet DLLs, hence if one human user runs two different programs that both use Jet to access the same database, these two programs would be two "users" in the context of this article. Is that the intended meaning? If so, explain it; a layperson might think the word refers to a human user. If not, also explain it! Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * OK, will do. This is good stuff! - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "Queries" talks about SQL queries, but the lead-in paragraph of "Architecture" states that the ability to run SQL queries was only added in later versions... Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The lead paragraph states that Jet has been obsoleted by Microsoft SQL Server. When? When did MS stop selling applications based on Jet? Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Will check the MDAC article - it says it in there somewhere. I know it is definitely not being produced any more. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Is it "jet" or "JET"? The lead paragraph has both... Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Now fixed. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:26, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Some minor grammatical/stylistic things such as the use of "till" instead of "until" (I'm a foreign speaker, so I may be mistaken, but "until" strikes me as more formal and more appropriate for an encyclopedia article; I've changed that myself) or "a Jet dynamic link library (DLL) that could directly manipulate Microsoft Access database files (MDB), which was a modified form of an Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) database", which doesn't parse well because the singular last clause (on ISAM) refers to the plural mention of MDB, not to the singular "Jet DLL". (I haven't come up with a good idea how to rephrase this.) Another problem is that some paragraphs are written in the present tense and others in past tense. Lupo 08:32, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ya. Agree it needs a good copyedit. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong support, especially like the table in the History section. Phoenix2 03:11, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Object I read the intro and couldn't work out what was going on. Needs to be restyled so that a layman can understand what it is (by all means have a few technical details later, but at least allow a layman to get an idea of what a Microsoft Jet Database Engine is, why it's important and what it does, jguk 07:37, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral, the table and graphic down the bottom (in the "History" section) are way to wide... Alphax τεχ 10:58, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed to 300px. - Ta bu shi da yu 05:02, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Changing vote to support, much betterer now! Very detailed article on a difficult subject. Alphax τεχ 15:30, 3 August 2005 (UTC)


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Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path

Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path (मालेमावाद र प्रचण्डपथ ; sometimes shortened to Prachanda Path) is the ideological line of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), also known as the UCPN(M). It is considered a development of Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (MLM) and named after the leader of the UCPN(M), Pushpa Kamal Dahal, commonly known as Prachanda. Prachanda Path was proclaimed in 2001. The ideology was partially inspired by the example of the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path, which refers to its ideological line as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought.

Prachanda Path does not claim to make an ideological break with Marxism, Leninism or Maoism, but rather to be an extension of these ideologies based on the politics of Nepal. The doctrine came into existence after the party determined that the ideologies of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism could no longer be practiced completely as they had been in the past. The party adopted Prachanda Path as they felt it was a suitable ideology based on the reality of Nepalese politics. Militarily and in the context of the 1996–2006 civil war in Nepal, central to the ideology was the achievement of revolution through the control of rural areas and the encirclement of urban settlements.

Today, Prachanda's positions are seen by some Marxist–Leninist–Maoists around the world as "revisionist" and are criticized by revolutionary organizations within Nepal. These criticisms focus on the entry of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) into mainstream party politics in Nepal. These criticisms have also drawn on the cooperation between UCPN-M under Pushpa Kamal Dahal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).

title: Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path


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The Trustees of Reservations

The Trustees of Reservations (also referred to as Trustees or The Trustees after a 2021 rebranding ) is a non-profit land conservation and historic preservation organization dedicated to preserving natural and historical places in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is the oldest land conservation nonprofit organization of its kind in the world and has 100,000 member households as of 2021. In addition to land stewardship, the organization is also active in conservation partnerships, community supported agriculture (CSA), environmental and conservation education, community preservation and development, and green building. The Trustees owns title to 120 properties on 27000 acre in Massachusetts, all of which are open to the public. In addition, it holds 393 conservation restrictions to protect an additional 20000 acre. Properties include historic mansions, estates, and gardens; woodland preserves; waterfalls; mountain peaks; wetlands and riverways; coastal bluffs, beaches, and barrier islands; farmland and CSA projects; and archaeological sites.

The main office of the organization was formerly at Long Hill in Beverly. In 2017, a new headquarters was established in Boston. The Trustees Archives & Research Center (ARC) is located in Sharon. In June 2006, The Trustees earned gold-level recognition from the United States Green Building Council for its Doyle Conservation Center in Leominster.

Financial support for the organization comes from membership dues, annual contributions, property admission fees, special events, grants, and endowments. In 2014, after seven years as an affiliate, the Boston Natural Areas Network merged with the Trustees.

History
The Trustees of Reservations was proposed in 1890 when the New England periodical Garden and Forest published a letter by landscape architect Charles Eliot (protégé of Frederick Law Olmsted) entitled "The Waverly Oaks." Eliot's letter proposed the immediate preservation of "special bits of scenery" still remaining "within 10 mi of the State House which possess uncommon beauty and more than usual refreshing power." To this end, Eliot proposed that legislation be enacted to create a nonprofit corporation to hold land for the public to enjoy "just as a Public Library holds books and an Art Museum holds pictures."

In the spring of 1891, the Massachusetts Legislature established The Trustees of Public Reservations "for the purposes of acquiring, holding, maintaining and opening to the public beautiful and historic places within the Commonwealth." The act was signed into law by Governor William E. Russell on May 21, 1891. The word "Public" was dropped from the organization's name in 1954 to avoid confusion with government-owned land.

Virginia Wood in Stoneham was the first property acquired by The Trustees. This property was conveyed to the Metropolitan District Commission in 1923 and is now a part of the Middlesex Fells Reservation. Waverly Oaks itself was also conveyed to the state by The Trustees and is part of the Beaver Brook Reservation, established in 1893.

In 1925, The Trustees joined with the Appalachian Mountain Club, Massachusetts Audubon Society, and the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England) to organize a conference on "The Needs and Uses of Open Spaces." This conference led to a 1929 report by the Governor's Committee on Needs and Uses of Open Spaces that emphasized the need to protect the state's rural character and countryside and the importance of identifying and describing the qualities and characteristics of specific sites that should be preserved. The report included a "Map of existing and proposed open spaces". Today, nearly every site listed in the report is protected by a government or nonprofit conservation agency.

The 1929 report included a proposal by Benton MacKaye, the creator of the Appalachian Trail, to build a "Bay Circuit Trail" encircling Boston from Plum Island to Duxbury. Work to build the Bay Circuit Trail began in 1990 when the Bay Circuit Alliance was created.

Six individuals have served The Trustees as President and CEO. Andrew Kendall held the position from 2000 to 2012. Barbara Erickson, the first woman to serve in the role, was appointed in 2012. John Judge was appointed in 2021. Katie Theoharides was appointed in 2023.

Mission and initiatives
The purpose of The Trustees is to "to protect and share the Massachusetts places people love for their exceptional scenic, historic, and ecological value."

Initiatives
The Doyle Conservation Center is a green architecture initiative and regional office, conference, and education center located in Doyle Community Park in Leominster, Massachusetts. The structure, designed by HKT Architects of Somerville, Massachusetts and landscape architects Hines Wasser & Associates, was registered for a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certification with the United States Green Building Council. The building includes "photovoltaic panels, high-efficiency lighting and controls, a displacement ventilation system, high performance windows, a high performance building envelope, geothermal wells and carbon dioxide monitoring systems;" it incorporates green materials such as desks made of sunflower seeds, bamboo and cork flooring, and recycled fiber carpet and paneling.

Former Initiatives
The Putnam Conservation Institute, also known as the Conservation Common, was active from 2007 to 2012. It offered workshops, conferences, and networking for land conservationists, urban park advocates, historic preservationists, watershed associations, state agencies, and municipal commissions.

The Highland Communities Initiative was a cooperative effort of The Trustees and community members from small hilltowns in The Berkshires geography dedicated to preserving regional cultural and physical landscapes and enhancing the quality of life of local residents.

Collaborative conservation
Copicut Woods, Slocum's River Reserve, the Tully Trail, and Appleton Farms represent collaborative efforts of The Trustees, government agencies, local communities, and private groups to create a bioreserve, a mixed use open space preserve, a 22 mi recreation trail, and a mixed use and community supported agriculture preserve, respectively. Copicut Woods is part of the cooperatively managed Southeastern Massachusetts Bioreserve which protects 13600 acre of forest in Fall River, Freetown and Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Slocum's River Reserve is a cooperative effort by the state, The Trustees and the Dartmouth Natural Resources Trust and includes protected braken river frontage and farming conservation restrictions. The Tully Trail, in northern Worcester County, is a collaborative recreational project of The Trustees, the Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust, Harvard University's Harvard Forest, the National Park Service, the New England Forestry Foundation, state agencies, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Appleton Farms of Ipswich is a combination CSA project, retail feed and mulch haying operation, livestock and dairy program, recreation area, and ecological preservation area; it includes experiential education programs for adults and children. Current conservation projects include cooperative efforts on the Mount Tom Range and interpretive development of the birthplace of suffragist Lucy Stone in West Brookfield.

Properties

 * See List of properties managed by The Trustees of Reservations

The Trustees owns and manages a broad range of properties across the state of Massachusetts. Many properties contain historic buildings, including nine historic house museums and two lighthouses open to the public. The Trustees manages five National Historic Landmarks, one National Natural Landmark, and several properties that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, The Trustees manages, per contract, the Tully Lake Campground in Royalston and the Westport Town Farm. Until 2023, the Trustees managed Norton Point Beach in Edgartown, which is owned by Dukes County.

Notable properties include:
 * Bartholomew's Cobble of Sheffield, a National Natural Landmark containing North America's greatest diversity of fern species
 * Cape Poge Wildlife Refuge, a barrier island located on Martha's Vineyard
 * Crane Beach and the Castle Hill mansion of Ipswich, a barrier beach and National Historic Landmark
 * Dinosaur Footprints, a rock face in Holyoke containing 134 footprints of Triassic dinosaur species
 * Doane's Falls and Royalston Falls, popular waterfalls located in Royalston
 * Fruitlands Museum and the DeCordova Museum, two properties that include art museums
 * Naumkeag, a gilded-age historic mansion and National Historic Landmark located in Stockbridge
 * The Old Manse of Concord, built by William Emerson and his wife Phebe Bliss Emerson in 1770, and made famous by transcendentalist writer, Ralph Waldo Emerson (grandson of William and Phebe Emerson), novelist, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the "shot heard round the world" at the North Bridge in the backyard of the house that marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War on April 19, 1775.
 * World's End on Boston Harbor, a coastal peninsula park transformed from an unrealized Frederick Law Olmsted residential subdivision design

Moose Hill Farm in Sharon and Cormier Woods in Uxbridge are some of the most recent acquisitions.

title: The Trustees of Reservations


text:
The Understanding (Röyksopp album)

The Understanding is the second studio album by Norwegian electronic music duo Röyksopp. It was released on 22 June 2005 by Wall of Sound. The Understanding debuted at number 13 on the UK Albums Chart, with 22,466 copies sold in its first week. The album was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 1 December 2006, and had sold 103,500 copies in the United Kingdom by March 2009.

In popular culture
Similarly to Melody A.M., songs from The Understanding were used widely in television adverts and video games. "Circuit Breaker" and "Only This Moment" were used in an episode of Danmarks Radio's consumer programme, named Rabatten. "Follow My Ruin" was also included on the soundtrack to FIFA 06. "What Else Is There?" was used in an O2 television advertisement in the Czech Republic in 2007 and in Slovakia in 2008. It was also used in the films Cashback (2006) and Meet Bill (2007). A remixed version of "What Else Is There?" was featured on the 15 April 2007 episode of the HBO series Entourage.

Track listing
Sample credits
 * "What Else Is There?" contains a sample from "Love Me, Love the Life I Lead" by The Drifters and "Kill Me with Your Love" by Jericho.
 * "Dead to the World" contains a sample from "Who We Are" by Camel.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Understanding.

 * Röyksopp – performance, arrangement, mixing, production
 * Chelonis R. Jones – vocals (track 3 and "Go Away")
 * Karin Dreijer – vocals (track 7)
 * Olof Dreijer – vocal recording (track 7)
 * Kate Havnevik – additional vocals, creative input (tracks 2, 8)
 * Tom Elmhirst – co-mixing (track 2)
 * Kato Ådland – bass on "Triumphant"
 * Ib Kleiser – guitar (track 2)
 * Sanghon Kim – artwork
 * Camille Vivier – photos

Certifications

 * }

title: The Understanding (Röyksopp album)


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Auverland

Auverland (Société nouvelle des automobiles Auverland), now grouped with Panhard, is a French manufacturer of Jeep-like four-wheel-drive and armoured fighting vehicles. It bought Panhard from Peugeot in April 2005, and in a reverse takeover the combined company now uses the better known Panhard name.

History
Created by Francois Servanin early 1980 in Saint-Germain-Laval (Loire), Auverland began licensed production of the Cournil 4x4 previously constructed in Aurillac (Cantal) beginning in 1984. Licensed production of Cournil was also taken in Portugal under the brand UMM in 1977. In 1986 Auverland presented a redesigned version, still based on the Cournil, called the A3.

Auverland almost disappeared due to diversification into civilian vehicles. In 2001, the new Society of Automotive Auverland (NAAS) was taken over by refocusing on market forces and public services (police, mounted police, firefighters ), but also recognized in competition circuits.

With the production of its small protected vehicle, "PVP", or A4VL for the French Army, has returned Auverland success and the group PSA sold the company SCMPL Panhard Auverland in January 2005.

The Auverland company was 76% owned by the Cohen family, 10% by Christian Mons, 7% by Pierre Dalmas, and 7% by the Servanins. In 2005, the company achieved a turnover of 60 million euros and had a staff of 300 employees (aggregation of entities and SCMPL NAAS).

Since 30 December 2005, the company took the name " Panhard General Defense "and expects a turnover of more than 95 million euros for 2006 and 120 million in 2007. Despite its modest size in relation to key players in the defense industry, it still ranks as Europe's leading armored wheeled vehicles under 10 tons, with the lineup the most robust market.

In October 2012, Renault Trucks Defense, division of Swedish Volvo Group since 2001, acquired Panhard for 62.5 million euros.

Models

 * A
 * A2
 * A3L/A3SL
 * A3F
 * A4
 * A5
 * Sovamag TC10
 * Sovamag TC24

Foreign production
The A3 provided the basis for the Brazilian JPX Montez, which was built there from 1992 until production finally stopped in 2002.

The A3 known as the Avia A11, was produced by Czech manufacturer Avia from 1994 till 1996. Avia only produced around 250 cars as the Czech Army declined the use of the A11. Hungarian bus manufacturer Ikarus intended to manufacture the Auverland A3 and A4, fitted with Peugeot petrol (2.0 L, 135 PS) or 1.9-liter diesel and turbodiesel engines. Three cars were test assembled in 2001 and two more bodies were made, before the bankruptcy of Auverland Ikarus brought a halt to the project.

title: Auverland


text:
User talk:Venky1977

Welcome!
Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at the Guide to Layout, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village Pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my New-Users' Talk Page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: ~~~. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language
 * Full details on Wikipedia style can be found in the Manual of Style.

There's also a regular group introduction to Wikipedia for new users on IRC.

Happy editing! --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Sam Manekshaw
The material that you've added to this article comes from here; could you confirm that this material is appropriate for use by Wikipedia under our policy? Otherwise I'm afraid that the article may have to be deleted and recreated in its old form. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Venky1977


text:
Talk:Reddish Vale High School

Untitled
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reddish Vale High School


text:
User:Richard Slater

My name surprisingly is Richard Slater, please feel free to post any comments, suggestions or criticisms on My Talk page.

Why Wikipedia?
I am interested in Wikipedia because I feel that it is a superb community project, I have been using it since 2003 when I was researching for my Dissertation on The Future of Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games since then I have regularly used it for research on a number of topics I have been interested in or my work has required me to investigate.

Areas of expertise
I don't consider myself to be an expert in very much, there are a few areas I have been consistently interested in for most of my life, there are quite a number of other topics that I have been involved in or have had a transient interest in.

Long Term Interests

 * Christianity (I myself am a Pentecostal Christian)
 * Computer Programming (PHP, C and Java mainly)
 * Operating Systems (Microsoft Windows, Linux - Gentoo, Ubuntu and HP-UX)
 * Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Recent Interests

 * 802.11 Wireless Networking
 * Databases (MySQL and MSSQL)
 * The BBC TV Series Spooks
 * CCP Games EVE Online

EVE Online
The EVE Online article is subject to regular abuse, vandalism and submission of POV content, the majority of the people who have contributed to the article have played the game, this in itself has made it difficult to provide a truly POV attitude, so anyone who is interested but hasn't formed opinions on the game are welcome to come and make suggestions.

title: User:Richard Slater


text:
Category:Bondage positions

A bondage position is a body position created by physical restraints which restricts locomotion, use of the limbs or general freedom of movement.

title: Category:Bondage positions


text:
Gideon Coe

Gideon Jon Quantrill Coe (born 22 September 1967 in Canterbury, Kent) is a radio DJ, presenter, sportscaster, voiceover artist and journalist.

Early career
He began his broadcasting career in 1976 as a child presenter on the BBC One TV programme Why Don't You?.

Coe graduated from Coventry's Lanchester Polytechnic (now Coventry University) in 1989, gaining a 2.1 in Communication Studies. During his time there he played rhythm guitar with pop/punk band Cradle Song (AKA The Vendetta Men), having previously played in The Strike It Out Gang (featuring Martin-Kid - Curtis, Michael Clarke, Big Chris Bryan and his brother Simon Coe) and A-Bomb, the latter featuring guitarist Mick Corney and drummer Dom Clark. He began working in local government for Kent County Council, before starting as a sports broadcaster at BT ClubCall.

Radio work
Coe joined BBC GLR in 1994 as Breakfast show sports reporter, moving up to joint-presentation duties with Fi Glover. He won Sony Awards in 1995 and 1999 for the Sports show. He has presented shows on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio 4, where he became a regular guest on Loose Ends. He has also appeared in TV programmes and was presenter of Something for the Weekend on VH1 and The Live Six Show on Sky One. He also does voiceovers for Channel Five as well as contributing to The Guardian.

He joined BBC Radio 6 Music in 2002, presenting the 10am – 1pm weekday show from the station's launch until October 2007. He won his third Sony Award in 2003 for his work presenting the mid-morning show. On 22 October 2007 Coe's show was moved to 10pm – 1am, Mondays to Thursdays. This was followed by a move to 9pm – midnight on Mondays to Thursdays in June 2008 - a slot he has maintained for more than 13 years. While the mid-morning show featured live sessions in the 6 Music Hub, the late show specialises in featuring varied sessions and gigs recorded for the archives of BBC Radio.

On 11 February 2024, Coe, sitting in for Cerys Matthews, hosted the last 6 Music programme from Wogan House after 18 years. The station has now moved back in to Broadcasting House.

Personal life
Coe is the son of jazz musician Tony Coe. He has three brothers, is married and has a son named Nathaniel. A pescatarian, he is a fan of Tottenham Hotspur and of The Clash.

title: Gideon Coe


text:
Talk:Emergency Broadcast Network

Untitled
Now the impossible task: Does anyone know the lyrics to "Behavior Modification?"

U2?
I thought that EBN ran into trouble with U2 over sampling issues. And they issued an album and book called "The Letter 'U' And The Number '2'" or something to that effect.

-- No, that was Negativland 163.192.21.43 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 10:16, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Emergency Broadcast Network


text: Category:Forts in Maine

title: Category:Forts in Maine


text:
Nihang

The Nihang (also spelt as Nihung lit. "Crocodiles") or Akali (lit. "Immortals"), also known as Dal Khalsa, is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihangs are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akal Sena" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army.

Etymology
The word Akali/akaali means timeless or immortal.

Literally, one who belongs to Akaal (beyond Time). In other words, an Akaali is that person who is subject of none but God only. Conceptually speaking, the terms Akaali, Khalsa and Sikh are synonymous. The term Akaali was first used during the time of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib. It became popular in the last decades of the eighteenth century.

The term came to be associated with “commitment, fearlessness, boldness, struggle, and justice.” The word Nihang may come from the Persian word for a mythical sea creature. The term owes its origin to Mughal historians, who compared the ferocity of the Akali with that of crocodiles. The meaning of Akali in Sikhism however, is the immortal army of Akal (God).

Origin
According to Pashaura Singh and Louis E. Fenech, there exists three main theories regarding the genesis of the Nihangs. These three theories are summarized below:

 * Began with the son of Guru Gobind Singh, Fateh Singh with his blue clothing and turban with the Guru prescribing this uniform for his warriors.
 * Second hypothesis claims that they originate from the disguise of Guru Gobind Singh when he escaped from Chamkaur in 1704 or 1705.
 * Third theory postulates that they can be traced back to the garb of Akali Naina Singh of the Nishanwalia Misl.

Arms and attire
Traditional Nihang dress is known as Khalsa Swarupa. This comprises full attire of navy blue selected by Guru Gobind Singh after conflicts with Wazir Khan, the Mughal Governor of Sirhind, several edged bracelets of iron round on each of their wrists (jangi kara) and quoits of steel (chakram) tiered in their lofty conical blue turbans, together with the either a dori kirpan (an open blade kirpan that is worn with a rope attached and was meant to be used as a quick access weapon) or a pesh kabaz - a predecessor to the modern kirpan. When fully armed a Nihang will also bear one or two swords (either the curved talwar or the straight khanda, or another type of sword like saif or sarohi on his right hip), a katar (dagger) on his left hip, a buckler made from buffalo-hide (dhal) on his back, a large chakram around his neck, and an iron chain. In times of war, arms worn on the Nihang's person would generally be reserved until the warrior lost the weapon he held, often a bow (kamaan) or spear (barcha). Armour consisted of sanjo or iron chainmail worn under an iron breastplate (char aina). Nihang war-shoes (jangi mozeh) were constructed of iron at the toe, making their pointed toes capable of inflicting cuts and stab wounds. The firearms carried by nihangs are either a toradar (matchlock) or a musket. In modern times nihangs also carry revolvers, semi-automatic pistols, double-barreled shotguns and bolt-action rifles The Nihangs favour the dark blue colour for their clothing, which they adopted to emulate Guru Gobind Singh's attire when he escaped from Chamkaur through the Machhiwara jungle.

The Nihang were particularly known for their high turbans (dastar bunga) and their extensive use of the chakram or war-quoit. Their turbans were often pointed at the top and outfitted with a chand torra or trident called astbhuja which could be used for stabbing in close-quarters. Other times, the turbans would be armed with a bagh naka (iron claw) and one or several chakram to slice at an opponent's eyes. These steel-reinforced turbans, it was said, afforded enough protection so that there was no need for any other form of headgear. Today, Nihang still wear miniature versions of five weapons (pancha shastra) in their turbans, namely the chakram, the khanda (sword), the karud (dagger), the kirpan, and the tir (arrow).

Divisions
There are four main factions amongst the Nihangs of the modern-era, them namely being:

Budha Dal
Originally created for older members (over 40) by splitting the Dal Khalsa into two. Their headquarters are located in Raqba.

Taruna (or Tarna) Dal
Originally created for younger members (under 40) by splitting the Dal Khalsa into two. The Taruna Dal was further divided in five jathas, each with 1300 to 2000 men and a separate drum and banner.

Bidhi Chand Dal
Descend from lineage of Bidhi Chand, a contemporary warrior and companion of the Sikh Gurus.

Ranghreta (or Rangreta) Dal
Prominent amongst Mazhabi Sikhs.

The latter two groups being much less prominent than the former two. Each Dal consists of both a mobile and stationary group. The mobile group of the Budha Dal, for example, is the Dalpanth. There has been incidents of conflict in the past between different groups of Akalis, even within the same faction.

Use of intoxicants
Some Nihang groups consume cannabis or shaheedi degh (ਭੰਗ), purportedly to help in meditation. Sūkha parshaad (ਸੁੱਖਾ ਪ੍ਰਰਸਾਦ), "Dry-sweet", is the term Nihang use to refer to it. It was traditionally crushed and taken as a liquid, especially during festivals like Hola Mohalla. It is never smoked, as this practice is forbidden in Sikhism.

In 2001, Jathedar (leader) Santa Singh, the leader of Budha Dal, along with 20 chiefs of Nihang sects, refused to accept the ban on consumption of  shaheedi degh by the apex Sikh clergy - in order to preserve traditional Sikh practices. According to a recent BBC article, "Traditionally they also drank shaheedi degh, an infusion of cannabis, to become closer with God"

Nishan Sahib
The Nihangs carry the original Nishan Sahib, being navy/electric blue, and (sometimes) bright yellow or basanti with a tegha, dhal (shield) and katar. Yellow in Punjabi culture signifies sacrifice, revolt and honour while blue signifies courage, bravery and patriotism. In Punjab, Blue is the colour of Khalsa, and yellow the colour of Kshatriyas. Due to various passages from the Dasam Granth, the Nihangs see themselves as Kshatriyas, but believe that the varna system is not limited to ones heritage.

Scriptures
The Nihang sect equally reveres the Guru Granth Sahib, Dasam Granth, and Sarbloh Granth. They attribute the later two works to Guru Gobind Singh. They consider the Dasam Granth and the Sarbloh Granth as extensions of the Guru Granth Sahib. As such, they refer to these scriptures as Sri Dasam Guru Granth Sahib, and Sri Sarbloh Guru Granth Sahib. They call the Guru Granth Sahib, Aad Guru Granth Sahib. They also sometimes refer to the scriptures as "Durbar", such as Aad Guru Durbar. The Sarbloh Granth has another name, as Sri Manglacharan Purana. They believe that all three of these scriptures are authentic, written by the Gurus and are one and the same. For this reason, they will often place the Dasam and Aad Granths on the same level and on the same throne (also known as the palki). They also sometimes do this for the Sarbloh Granth as well.

Dialect
The Nihangs have developed their own coded language, known as Khalsa bole.

Popular culture
In September 2023, a depiction of a Nihang Sikh was painted on the top-right section of an official illustration of the Dallas Cowboys football team as part of the Carpe Omnia ('seize everything') theme for the upcoming sports season.

title: Nihang


text:
Pet Alien

Pet Alien (French: Alien Bazar) is an animated television series created by Jeff Muncy of Pajanimals fame, with episodes written by Dan Danko and directed by Andrew Young. The series is a co-production between Mike Young Productions, Antefilms Production, Crest Communications Limited and Telegael Teoranta, in association with John Doze Studios, with the participation of TF1 in co-production with Télétoon and TPS Jeunesse. For Season 2, KI.KA and Europool in Germany joined as co-production partners.

It aired on Cartoon Network and Animania HD in the United States, and TF1 and Télétoon in France. 52 episodes were produced, making 104 segments.

Synopsis
The series centers on 13-year-old Tommy Cadle, whose lighthouse is invaded by five aliens.

Main characters

 * Tommy Cadle (voiced by Charlie Schlatter) - He was once a normal kid who had no cares in the world and did well in school, at least until the aliens came along. Tommy is often bullied by some of the other kids because of the aliens' actions and is annoyed by them, but generally accepts them as part of his life and sees Dinko as his best friend. Dinko always refers to him as "Tommy of Earth".
 * Dinko (voiced by Charlie Adler) - A Pterodactylus-like alien that is the leader and biggest troublemaker of the alien gang, and Tommy's best friend. He and Gumpers always try to help Tommy, but they always mucks things up, often because they misunderstand Tommy's words to the point of insanity. Often Dinko will go to extreme measures to solve his curiosity to these words and earth rituals. This all leads to Tommy getting punished and/or blamed for everything and the aliens get off scot-free.
 * Gumpers (voiced by Jess Harnell) - A strong, but easily scared gorilla-like alien with a big appetite. He appears to be extremely dumb most of the time, but he is capable of intelligent thoughts if he strains his brain hard enough. He and Dinko try to help Tommy with his problems, but they always mess things up and cause a bigger issue. Sometimes, Gumpers will point out the flaws in Dinko's plans, but Dinko never listens to him and does what he wants instead.
 * Swanky (voiced by Jess Harnell) - Swanky is a British-accented insect-like alien that is the most refined of the gang. He is rude, lazy, elegant and very self-centered. He rarely accompanies Tommy and the aliens on their wacky adventures. He enjoys fancy things and massages and wants to steal Tommy's room for himself.
 * Flip (voiced by Charlie Adler) - An energetic parrot-like alien whose speech is often unintelligible.
 * Scruffy - Dinko's pet dog who jumps like a hare and whose tongue supposedly is smarter than himself.

Major characters

 * Gabby (voiced by Candi Milo) - a girl who is in love with Tommy, but unfortunately he doesn't feel the same way. In several episodes it is revealed that she can smell when Tommy is in trouble.
 * Granville DeSpray (voiced by Jess Harnell) - a direct descendant of DeSpray Bay's founders, and as such he values old English traditions like teatime. Oddly, all the characters think he is Norwegian. Granville is hopelessly in love with Melba and has numerous times, to no avail, attempted to win her heart. He hates Tommy and always blames him for anything bad that happens. He only has one friend; the statue Admiral Puff. He has another dog statue named Jean Claude. He always tries to impress Melba by acting street and displaying hip-and-hop.
 * Clinton Fillmore Jefferson XIII (voiced by Charlie Schlatter) - Clinton competes in any kind of sports available and usually wins. He is also a bully who likes to annoy others including Tommy. He has a Canadian accent and his catchphrase is "Losah!" which he refers to people as.
 * Melba Manners (voiced by Candi Milo) - A spoiled brat who is the arch-enemy of Tommy. She enjoys forcing him to do tedious or tiresome tasks and has a loud and shrill voice. She is also an exceptionally clever opponent in staring competitions. Like the other humans, she is too stupid to tell that the aliens are aliens. She just calls them Tommy's "things".
 * Cap'n Spangley (voiced by Charlie Adler) - An old sailor who is a little crazy. He is afraid of water and crustaceans and he runs the local taffy shop which Tommy and the aliens visit often.

Minor/recurring characters

 * Tommy's Mom (voiced by Candi Milo) - A woman who lives in a house located near to Tommy's lighthouse. The viewers never get to see her, as she keeps contact with her son solely through a speaker installed in Tommy's bedroom.
 * Old Man Bitters - Cap'n Spangley's archenemy.
 * Emperor Breet - An evil emperor who now and then journeys to Earth to kidnap the aliens living with Tommy. Unfortunately, he always loses the right to take them in a game he isn't very clever at, and therefore despises: musical chairs.
 * Doctor Daffodil (voiced by Charlie Adler) - An octopus-like alien that Dinko and his friends consults whenever Tommy needs a doctor. Unfortunately, his methods can be highly dangerous and Tommy therefore tries to evade him as much as possible.
 * Tommy's Teacher (voiced by Candi Milo) - She usually appears in some episodes that revolve in school. In one episode, she gave Tommy his first B− for his inflated hand and degraded it to a C+ when the hand shrunk and to a C− when his leg inflated.
 * Mom-sicle and Popsicle - Swanky's parents who are red-necked unlike their son.
 * The Mime - A mime that tries to enter the lighthouse but is always stopped by Flip.
 * The Frog - A banjo-playing frog that appears in some episodes often as intermission for a new scene or a gag.

Production
The show was first confirmed to be in production as early as April 2002. In October 2002, the show's production partners were announced.

The series first premiered in the United States on Animania HD in November 2004. Cartoon Network channels across the world acquired the pay-TV rights to the series. On October 4, 2005, the series was renewed for a second season.

Similar to some low-budget shows, the series uses only four voiceover actors; Charlie Schlatter, Charles Adler, Jess Harnell and Candi Milo. Harnell was even the voice director of the show and voiced three characters: Gumpers, Swanky and Granville.

Reception
The show was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in the category "Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program", which was Jess Harnell (Swanky), at the 33rd Daytime Emmy Awards.

Home media
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released only four compilations of the series on DVD and VHS on October 18, 2005, to February 7, 2006, only in Region 1. Each compilation contained four segment-episodes from the first season.

Video game
A video game based on the series was released in the United States on July 30, 2007, for the Nintendo DS handheld console. It is a puzzle game developed by Shin'en Multimedia and published by The Game Factory.

title: Pet Alien


text:
Talk:Derry/Derry

Delete
The contents of this article is the same as Derry. Anon user made that page a redirect to here and moved contents, without proper agreement on that talk page or a move proposal. Seabhcán 09:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Derry/Derry


text:
William Batten

Sir William Batten (1601 – 5 October 1667) was an English naval officer and administrator from Somerset, who began his career as a merchant seaman, served as second-in-command of the Parliamentarian navy during the First English Civil War, then defected to the Royalists when the Second English Civil War began in 1648. After the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he was elected Member of Parliament for Rochester and re-appointed Surveyor of the Navy, a position he had previously held from 1638 to 1648. In this capacity, he was a colleague of the author Samuel Pepys, who mentions him frequently in his "Diary", often to his detriment.

Personal details
William Batten was born around 1601 in Easton in Gordano, Somerset, second son of Andrew Batten, Master mariner of a merchant ship. Little is known of his family, except that his elder brother was also in the merchant navy, while he had at least one sister, who married Captain John Browne, another master who served with Batten in the Parliamentarian navy.

In 1625, he married John Browne's sister Margaret, daughter of a London cobbler. They had six children, of whom at least four survived him; William (1626–after 1675), a member of Lincoln's Inn, Benjamin (c. 1644–1684), who followed his father into the navy, Mary, who married James Lemon, and Martha (born 1637) who in 1663 married William Castle, a shipwright. Samuel Pepys mentions the children and their spouses in his "Diary", and has little good to say of any of them, particularly William Castle. He is more positive about Margaret's brother John, who died in 1663 after a drunken fight with one of his servants.

Margaret died sometime in the 1650s, and in 1659 Batten married again, this time to Elizabeth Woodstocke (died 1683), widow of William Woodstocke of Westminster. His second marriage produced no children.

Early career

Batten started as an apprentice with the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors in London, becoming a fully-fledged member in 1623. However, he decided instead to follow his father and brother into the merchant marine, and in 1625 appears as commander of one of two whalers sent to Spitsbergen by Thomas Horth, a merchant from Great Yarmouth.

An Anglo-Spanish war began in 1625 and in August 1626 Batten became captain of the 350-ton "Salutation", an armed merchant ship licensed to attack Spanish shipping. He later resumed his whaling career and by 1630 was master and part-owner of the Charles, a position he retained until 1638 when he took over the Confident, a merchant ship converted for military use and hired by the Royal Navy, paid for by Ship money. In return for a payment of £1,500, Batten became Surveyor of the Navy in September 1638, supported by the Earl of Northumberland, who was Lord High Admiral from 1638 to 1642.

Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Like many officers appointed by Northumberland, including William Rainsborough, father of the political and religious radicals Thomas and William, Batten was a Presbyterian with no previous service in the Royal Navy, a policy intended to increase the number of "Godly" captains within the fleet. As the political struggle with Charles I intensified, in March 1642 Parliament nominated the devout Puritan Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, as commander of the navy, with Batten as his vice admiral and second-in-command. These positions were confirmed on 1 July, shortly before Batten received orders from the king, requiring him to place the fleet at his disposal. He immediately sent for Warwick, who declared for Parliament, followed by the majority of his captains.

As later noted by Royalist statesman and historian Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, Batten's prompt action in securing the fleet was a major boost to the Parliamentarian cause. Its possession allowed them to protect their own trade routes and block Royalist imports, while other countries were wary of antagonising one of the strongest navies in Europe by supporting their opponents. With the exception of Newcastle, when the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Parliament held every major port in England and Wales. This gave them control of access to internal waterways, the primary method of moving large bodies of men and supplies until the advent of railways in the 19th century, and prevented Royalist areas in Wales, South-West and North-East England from supporting each other. In early 1642, Charles had sent his wife, Henrietta Maria, to Europe to purchase weapons; the absence of a secure port delayed her return until February 1643, and even then, she reached Scarborough only after narrowly escaping a squadron led by Batten.

Although the Royalists captured Bristol and Exeter in 1643, they lacked a significant fleet and so Batten spent most of the war resupplying Parliamentarian garrisons or supporting coastal operations. These included the 1644 sieges of Lyme Regis and Plymouth, where he built a blockhouse at the tip of the peninsula, known since then as Mount Batten. In February 1645, he helped repel a Royalist attack on Weymouth, shortly before the Self-denying Ordinance obliged Warwick to resign. Batten took over as commander but since his promotion was viewed as temporary, he retained his original rank, a perceived lack of appreciation that marked the beginning of his alienation from the Parliamentarian cause.

In August 1645, Batten supported Rowland Laugharne's victory at Colby Moor, which secured Pembrokeshire for Parliament, then helped recapture Dartmouth in February 1646. Charles surrendered to the Scots in June 1646, but victory highlighted divisions between religious Independents like Oliver Cromwell who dominated the New Model Army, and moderate Presbyterians such as Northumberland and Batten who formed a majority in Parliament. In June 1647, the army demanded the impeachment of eleven MPs identified as their principal opponents; to escape arrest, they fled by sea to the Dutch Republic in August and were intercepted by Batten, who released them and was removed from command as a result.

Batten had been in secret correspondence with the Scots Covenanters since December 1646 and now tried to organise support within the fleet for a coup designed to re-assert Parliament's control over the New Model. Part of the fleet defected to the Royalists when the Second English Civil War began in April 1648, and in early July Batten sailed for Holland aboard the Constant Warwick, a frigate part-owned by himself and Warwick. Here he met Prince Charles, who made him a knight and commander of the new Royalist fleet. Batten was regarded with suspicion by many Royalist exiles, particularly Prince Rupert, who replaced him as commander. He returned to England in November 1648.

Restoration

Batten escaped punishment for his actions during the Second Civil War, and focused on commercial activities during the Commonwealth period. Shortly after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he was re-appointed Surveyor of the Navy, which put him in close contact with Samuel Pepys, who mentions him frequently in his Diary. Many entries record their differences, and Batten is frequently portrayed as both administratively incompetent and corrupt, although whether he was excessively so by the standards of the period is debatable. Despite this, Pepys also acknowledged him as a "good neighbour".

In 1661, Batten was elected MP for Rochester in the Cavalier Parliament, and became master of Trinity House in 1663. His second marriage brought him an estate in Walthamstow, where according to Pepys he "lived like a prince". He died after a short illness on 5 October 1667 and was buried at St. Mary's Church, Walthamstow, leaving debts of over £4,000.

title: William Batten


text:
Paolo Bonacelli

Paolo Bonacelli (born 28 February 1937) is an Italian stage and film actor.

Bonacelli graduated from the National Academy of Dramatic Arts in Rome. After debuting on stage in Vittorio Gassman's Questa sera si recita a soggetto, he had his first film role in Corpse for the Lady (1964). He appeared in Pier Paolo Pasolini's final film, Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975), in Alan Parker's Midnight Express (1978), and in Tinto Brass' Caligula (1979). In addition, he worked for directors such as Michelangelo Antonioni, Roberto Rossellini, Elio Petri, and Liliana Cavani.

In 1992, Bonacelli received the Nastro d'Argento for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Roberto Benigni's Johnny Stecchino.

Filmography

 * Corpse for the Lady (1964) .... Gedeon
 * La congiuntura (1965) .... Zenone
 * Super Seven Calling Cairo (1965) .... Capitano Hume (uncredited)
 * Le piacevoli notti (1966) .... Messenger
 * The Devil in Love (1966) .... Inn's customer
 * Il padre di famiglia (1967) .... Geometra
 * Seven Times Seven (1968) .... (uncredited)
 * Lady Barbara (1970) .... Edward
 * Lacrime d'amore (1970) .... Cormick
 * Una prostituta al servizio del pubblico e in regola con le leggi dello stato (1971)
 * Maddalena (1971)
 * Io e lui (1973) .... Vladimiro
 * Giordano Bruno (1973)
 * Milarepa (1974) .... Prof. Bennet
 * The Murri Affair (1974) .... Francesco Bonmartini
 * Anno uno (1974) .... Amendola
 * Au-delà de la peur (1975) .... Francesco Grimaldi
 * Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (1975) .... The Duke
 * La banca di Monate (1975) .... Dottor Defendente Massera
 * Al piacere di rivederla (1976) .... L'Usuraio
 * Illustrious Corpses (1976) .... Dr. Maxia
 * The Inheritance (1976) .... Paolo Furlin
 * Evil Thoughts (1976) .... Antonio Marani
 * Per questa notte (1977)
 * Antonio Gramsci: i giorni del carcere (1977) .... Bocchini
 * Nest of Vipers (1977) .... Paolo Mazzarini
 * Midnight Express (1978) .... Rifki
 * Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979) .... Don Luigi Magalone
 * Caligula (1979) .... Chaerea
 * Good News (1979) .... Gualtiero Milano
 * Il cappotto di Astrakan (1979) .... Ferdinando
 * Le Guignolo (1980) .... Kamal
 * The Mystery of Oberwald (1981) .... Count of Foehn
 * ''Calderó (1981)
 * Delitti, amore e gelosia (1982) .... Commissario Dell'Amore
 * I Remember Nelson (1982) .... King Ferdinando
 * Il cavaliere, la morte e il diavolo (1983) .... Nicholas
 * Henry IV (1984) .... Belcredi
 * Sole nudo (1984) .... Il cameriere
 * Non ci resta che piangere (1985) .... Leonardo da Vinci
 * Mamma Ebe (1985) .... Don Paolo Monti
 * Camorra (1986) .... Tango
 * D'Annunzio (1987) .... Ercole Leoni
 * Rimini Rimini (1987) .... Carlo Pedercini / Engineer
 * Topo Galileo (1987)
 * Francesco (1989) .... Francesco's Father
 * Eleonora Pimentel (1990, TV Movie) .... The Judge
 * Flight from Paradise (1990) .... Eliah
 * Chi tocca muore (1991)
 * Night on Earth (Tassisti di notte) (1991) .... Priest
 * Johnny Stecchino (1992) .... D'Agata
 * Io speriamo che me la cavo (1992) .... Ludovico Mazzullo
 * Mille bolle blu (1993) .... Mario Gora
 * The Teddy Bear (1994) .... Novacek
 * Once a Year, Every Year (1994) .... Romano
 * Klon (1994) .... Prof. Zigote
 * Vacanze di Natale '95 (1995) .... Paolone
 * The Stendhal Syndrome (1996) .... Dr. Cavanna
 * Il figlio di Bakunin (1997) .... Giudice
 * Dirty Linen (1999, dir. Mario Monicelli) .... Amedeo
 * Una furtiva lacrima (1999)
 * Scarlet Diva (2000) .... Swiss Journalist
 * Gli astronomi (2002)
 * The accidental detective (2003) .... Direttore della Galleria Palatina
 * A.A.A. Achille (2003) .... Dott. Aglieri
 * 13 at a Table (2004) .... Nonno Giulio
 * Mission: Impossible III (2006) .... Monsignore
 * Un attimo sospesi (2006) .... Professore
 * The American (2010) .... Father Benedetto
 * La macchinazione (2016)
 * Magical Nights (2018) .... Ennio

title: Paolo Bonacelli


text:
Roger Binny

Roger Michael Humphrey Binny (born 19 July 1955) is a former Indian international cricketer who is the 36th and incumbent president of Board of Control for Cricket in India. He was the president of Karnataka State Cricket Association from 2019 to 2022. Binny won the 1983 Cricket World Cup and the 1985 World Championship of Cricket, being India's highest wicket taker in both tournaments. He was also the head coach of the Indian U-19 team that won the 2000 Under-19 Cricket World Cup and has served as a national selector. He has also worked as a developmental officer in the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). Indian team won the T20 World Cup 2024 when Binny held a President of BCCI.

Family and background
Roger Binny was born in Bengaluru (Karnataka formerly the Mysuru State). Binny is the first Anglo-Indian of Scottish origin who played cricket for India. His son, Stuart Binny, followed in his footsteps, having played state cricket for the Karnataka cricket team and international cricket for the India national cricket team. He also represented Karnataka in the Irani Trophy, a tournament between the champions of the Ranji Trophy and a team comprising the best players from other Indian states. He was on the verge of playing for the Indian national team during his college years.

Playing career
Roger Binny is best known for his impressive bowling performance in the 1983 Cricket World Cup, in which he was the highest wicket-taker (18 wickets), and in the 1985 World Series Cricket Championship in Australia where he repeated this feat (17 wickets).

Binny made his test cricket debut at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore against Pakistan, in the first test of the 1979 series. Against the bowling line-up of Imran Khan and Sarfraz Nawaz, Binny proved to be a versatile allrounder, scoring 46 runs in a drawn match. Binny would turn into a useful test match bowler, taking India to victory with his seven wickets in a match against England at Headingley in 1986, and with a spell of 4 for 9 in 30 balls, as a part of his best Test figures of 6 for 56, against Pakistan in Calcutta in 1987. His Test career was not stellar, but he and fellow Pace bowler Karsan Ghavri helped get the shine off the new ball before India's spinner could take over.

Binny, Ghavri (along with wicket-keeper Syed Kirmani), and Madan Lal were also credited with saving many test matches with his aggressive rear-guard actions, helping avert innings defeats. Binny would rescue India with an unbeaten 83 in a record seventh-wicket partnership of 155 with Madan Lal against Pakistan in Bangalore in 1983. Tall and athletically built, Binny was also an excellent fielder.

Binny was generally in and out of the Indian team but proved his value in the English conditions of the 1983 Cricket World Cup, where along with Madan Lal, and under the leadership of Kapil Dev, he helped India win its first World Cup title with a record 18 wickets.

Coaching career and media
Binny coached the Indian U-19 team to victory at the 2000 Under-19 Cricket World Cup held in Sri Lanka in January 2000. Mohammed Kaif and Yuvraj Singh from this team would go on to have distinguished careers with the senior cricket team. Two years later, he went into the grassroots to coach the Under-16s and played a key role in the emergence of young players such as Ambati Rayudu, Robin Uthappa and Irfan Pathan.

Administration
Binny served in the Karnataka State Cricket Association management until he was appointed national selector in September 2012. Binny would recuse himself from selection matters involving his son Stuart Binny but resigned from his position in 2015 during the Lodha Committee inquiry because of "perception than propriety" according to Sunil Gavaskar.

He was elected unopposed as the president of BCCI on 18 October 2022, succeeding Saurav Ganguly.

In popular culture
Bollywood Director Kabir Khan has made a sports drama film named 83 about India's first World Cup win in 1983 at Lord's, in which, Nishant Dahiya plays the role of Roger Binny.

title: Roger Binny


text:
Starlight Mints

Starlight Mints were an American indie pop band from Norman, Oklahoma, United States. The band was formed in the 1990s and released four albums during the 2000s, after which they disbanded. Their last lineup consisted of Allan Vest (vocals, guitar), Andy Nunez (drums), Marian Love Nunez (keyboard), Ryan Lindsey (keyboards/guitar) and Javier Gonzales (bass). Five previous members (Kevin McElhaney, James Honderich, Mary Beth Leigh, Kure Croker, Matt Goad) contributed to their sound on violin, cello, bass, voice, and drums.

The Starlight Mints signed with Barsuk Records in December 2005 and released their first album with the record label (Drowaton) on April 25, 2006.

An extract of the band's single "Eyes of the Night" was the theme tune for ITV1 2009 supernatural drama Demons.

Starlight Mints played their last show on December 23, 2009 at Opolis. Vocalist/Guitarist Allan Vest continues to work as a music producer and film and television score composer. Vest started doubleVee, a new project with his partner Barb Hendrickson, in 2012. Drummer Andy Nunez and keyboardist Marian Love Nunez formed a new band called A.M.P. that same year. Guitarist/keyboardist Ryan Lindsey continues to perform both as a solo artist and with the band Broncho. Drummer Andy Nunez owns and operates the Opolis, an indie rock venue in Norman, Oklahoma. The venue hosts both local and national acts.

Last lineup

 * Allan Vest (vocals/guitar)
 * Marian Love Nunez (keyboards)
 * Javier Gonzales (bass)
 * Andy Nunez (drums)
 * Ryan Lindsey (keyboards/guitar)

Studio albums

 * The Dream That Stuff Was Made Of (August 22, 2000)
 * Built on Squares (May 20, 2003)
 * Drowaton (April 25, 2006)
 * Change Remains (July 21, 2009)

Live albums

 * Starlight Mints Live At the Casbah (April 3, 2004)

Other appearances

 * Barnyard (Music from the Motion Picture) (August 9, 2006) (song: "Popsickle")
 * National Lampoon's Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj (song: "Eyes of the Night")
 * Demons (song: "Eyes of the Night")

title: Starlight Mints


text:
Mercedes 5 and Dime

Mercedes Five and Dime is the third studio album released by the Canadian alternative rock band Moist. Released in Canada on June 29, 1999, and in the United States a year later, it includes the hits "Breathe" and "Underground". The album debuted at #7 on the Billboard Canadian Albums chart and #4 on the RPM Top Albums/CDs chart.

The album was released with different album covers for the Canadian and United States releases. The United States version has a yellow album cover while the Canadian release's cover is dark blue. This was Moist's last studio album before their 12-year hiatus began in 2001.

The track listings of the two releases also differ — the Canadian version contains the tracks "Mike Hammer" and "Liberation", while the U.S. release includes a re-recording of the band's 1994 hit "Push".

The album also contains an unlisted bonus track, entitled "Deliver Me".

On the Canadian release, both spines spell the album title as "Mercedes Five and Dime", matching the front cover, suggesting that this is the official spelling of the album's title. The spelling "MERCEDES Five AND DIME" is wrapped around the front and back covers (with "DIME" and "MER" on the back), while the traycard behind the disc has an image that spells the album title as "MERCEDES 5 & DIME".

Mercedes Five and Dime was nominated for "Best Rock Album" at the 2000 Juno Awards.

Canadian Release

 * 1) "Underground" – 4:54
 * 2) "Dogs" – 4:32
 * 3) "Breathe" – 4:46
 * 4) "Fish" – 4:08
 * 5) "Comes And Goes" – 3:54
 * 6) "Mike Hammer" – 4:30
 * 7) "Tonight" – 4:06
 * 8) "Alive" – 4:35
 * 9) "Pleasing Falsetto" – 4:15
 * 10) "Mandolin" – 3:39
 * 11) "Place" – 3:58
 * 12) "Liberation" – 4:51
 * 13) "Deliver Me" – 3:07

US Release

 * 1) "Underground" - 4:56
 * 2) "Push" - 3:52
 * 3) "Breathe" - 4:52
 * 4) "Fish" - 4:08
 * 5) "Comes And Goes" - 3:54
 * 6) "Dogs" - 4:32
 * 7) "Alive" - 4:36
 * 8) "Tonight" - 4:06
 * 9) "Pleasing Falsetto" - 4:15
 * 10) "Mandolin" - 3:38
 * 11) "Place" - 3:58
 * 12) "Deliver Me" - 3:09

2019 Remastered Vinyl Reissue
A1. "Underground" – 4:54 A2. "Dogs" – 4:32 A3. "Breathe" – 4:46 A4. "Fish" – 4:08 A5. "Comes And Goes" – 3:54 A6. "Deliver Me" - 3:07 B1. "Mike Hammer" – 4:30 B2. "Tonight" – 4:06 B3. "Alive" – 4:35 B4. "Pleasing Falsetto" – 4:15 B5. "Mandolin" – 3:39 B6. "Place" – 3:58

"Breathe" is featured on the album Big Shiny Tunes 4, as well as the soundtrack for the film Stir Of Echoes.

"Deliver Me" has a stray 14 kHz tone throughout. It is unknown where this noise came from.

Singles

 * Breathe
 * Underground
 * Comes and Goes (radio edit)

Credits

 * David Usher - vocals
 * Jeff Pearce - bass
 * Mark Makoway - guitar
 * Kevin Young - keyboard/piano
 * Paul Wilcox - drums

title: Mercedes 5 and Dime


text: File:The pillows - GOOD DREAMS.jpg

title: File:The pillows - GOOD DREAMS.jpg


text:
Logie Awards of 1988

The 30th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Friday 11 March 1988 at the Hyatt on Collins in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Daryl Somers and guests included Mickey Rooney and Bea Arthur.

Gold Logie

 * Most Popular Personality on Australian Television
 * Winner: Kylie Minogue in Neighbours (Network Ten)

Acting

 * Most Popular Actor
 * Winner: Jason Donovan in Neighbours (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Actress
 * Winner: Kylie Minogue in Neighbours (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Actor in a Miniseries or Telemovie:
 * Winner: Nicholas Eadie in Vietnam (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Actress in a Miniseries or Telemovie:
 * Winner: Nicole Kidman in Vietnam (Network Ten)

 * Most Outstanding Actor
 * Winner: John Wood in Rafferty's Rules (Seven Network)

 * Most Outstanding Actress
 * Winner: Catherine Wilkin in Rafferty's Rules (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular New Talent
 * Winner: Alex Papps in The Henderson Kids (Network Ten)

Most Popular Programs/Videos

 * Most Popular Australian Drama
 * Winner: Neighbours (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Single Telemovie or Miniseries:
 * Winner: Vietnam (Network Ten)

 * Most Popular Light Entertainment Program
 * Winner: Hey Hey It's Saturday (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Public Affairs Program
 * Winner: 60 Minutes (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Sports Coverage
 * Winner: Cricket (Nine Network)

 * Most Popular Children's Program
 * Winner: Wombat (Seven Network)

 * Most Popular Music Video
 * Winner: "Locomotion" by Kylie Minogue

Most Outstanding Programs

 * Most Outstanding Single Documentary or Documentary Series
 * Winner: Suzi's Story (Network Ten)

 * Most Outstanding Achievement in News
 * Winner: "Hoddle St Massacre" (Seven Network)

 * Most Outstanding Achievement in Public Affairs
 * Winner: Four Corners (ABC TV)

 * Most Outstanding Contribution by a Regional Station
 * Winner: Richmond Vale Railway (NBN-3, Newcastle)

Performers

 * David Atkins and Electric Legs
 * Ricky May

Hall of Fame
After a lifetime in the Australian television industry, Bert Newton became the fifth inductee into the TV Week Logies Hall of Fame.

title: Logie Awards of 1988


text:
I Like to Move It

"I Like to Move It" is a song by American solo project Reel 2 Real (Erick Morillo), featuring ragga vocals by Trinidad and Tobago rapper The Mad Stuntman (Mark Quashie). Released by Strictly Rhythm in October 1993 as the second single from the project's debut album, Move It! (1994), it appeared on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1994, peaking at number 89, and reached number five on the UK Singles Chart the same year. It was a number-one hit in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Zimbabwe. On the Billboard Dance Club Play chart, it peaked at number eight.

At the second International Dance Awards in 1995, it won the award for Best Tune of the Year. Its music video was directed by Craig K. McCall and filmed in New York City.

The song was adapted in a Spanish version by Dominican merengue-house duo Sandy & Papo, as "Mueve, mueve", in 1995. In 2021, it was reworked in a remix version by Tunisian DJ-producer duo, Outrage and Spanish DJ and vocalist Alejandro under the title, "Move It".

Critical reception
In 2020, an editor from AllMusic stated that Reel 2 Real's "I Like to Move It" "still sounds as hot today as it did when it first came out in 1993. The pulsing synths and sirens of the song made for an instant wall shaker." Larry Flick from Billboard noted that here, "Reggae beat sensibilities are woven around loose house and rave keyboards. The Mad Stuntman toasts with predictable speed, cutting through the fairly thick groove with a raspy edge. His energy transforms what could have been a laid-back record into a rousing peak-hour anthem." Caroline Sullivan from The Guardian complimented its "growly catchiness". In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton wrote, "Straight from nowhere come Reel 2 Real to become the first dance act for several months to charge straight into the Top 10 without a previous hit to their name." David Hemingway from Melody Maker viewed it as "a sonic equivalent of the tango advert — equal parts irritant/wonderful pop song."

The magazine's David Bennun commented, "The result is ridiculously, naggingly, excruciatingly simple, as you will have no doubt come to realise by the time it turns up on the radio for the 19th time that day and you put your boot through the dial." Another Melody Maker editor, Sarra Manning, praised the song as "god-like genius". Maria Jimenez from Music & Media remarked that the "boomin'" and "grinding scorcher is gaining much audience and radio support on this side of the ocean." Andy Beevers from Music Week gave the song four out of five, adding, "Originally released by Strictly Rhythm, this inspired combination of NY house rhythms and The Mad Stuntman's ragga rhymes has been generating plenty of interest on import." Another Music Week editor, Alan Jones, complimented it as a "fierce ragga house anthem". James Hamilton from the Record Mirror Dance Update declared it a "madly happy gruff ragga rapped bogle/soca-style leaper".

Chart performance
"I Like to Move It" peaked at number one on the singles chart of Belgian Flanders, France, Greece and the Netherlands. The single entered the top 10 in Austria, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, as well as on the Eurochart Hot 100 and European Dance Radio chart, where it peaked at numbers two and three, respectively. In the UK, it topped the UK Dance Singles Chart on February 26, 1994. Outside Europe, "I Like to Move It" peaked at number one on the Canadian RPM Dance chart and in Zimbabwe. It entered the top 10 in Australia and on the US Billboard Dance Club Play chart. On the Billboard Hot 100, the single reached number 89. In New Zealand, it was a top-20 hit, peaking at number 14.

"I Like to Move It" was awarded with a gold record in Australia (35,000), France (250,000), Germany (250,000), the Netherlands (50,000), and the United Kingdom (400,000).

Music video
The accompanying music video for "I Like to Move It" was directed by Craig K. McCall. It was shot in New York City, with notable filming locations including Times Square and Flatbush. Dele Fadele from NME noted that it featured "the mock-crazy ragga chatter dancing in the streets of New York with one trouser-leg rolled up." The video received heavy rotation on MTV Europe and was A-listed on Germany's VIVA.

Usage in the Madagascar franchise
Many versions of the song have frequently been used throughout the Madagascar franchise, with many of them with lyrics changed or altered to match with each film's plot and the film's subject matter (usually replacing "sexy" with "sassy"). The first film used a version recorded by Sacha Baron Cohen, the second film used a version by will.i.am, and the third film used a mix-up with the original tune "Afro Circus" in the number "Afro Circus/I Like to Move It". The "I like to move it" part was sung by Baron Cohen in the film while Danny Jacobs, who voices King Julien in the spinoff TV series and games, sang it on the soundtrack, in both versions alongside Chris Rock. The original version appeared in the first and last episode of the Madagascar Netflix series All Hail King Julien and the "Afro Circus/I Like to Move It" tune was played near the start of the Madagascar spin-off film Penguins of Madagascar. Jacobs, as Julien, also sang a Christmas song called "Santa Claus Is Coming to Madagascar", a modified cover of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" which uses the same beat as "I Like to Move It" in Merry Madagascar. The song was also included in the stage adaptation of the film, sung again by King Julien.

Track listings

 * CD single, United States
 * 1) "I Like to Move It" (US Radio Edit) – 3:43
 * 2) "I Like to Move It" (Erick 'More' Club Mix) – 5:45
 * 3) "I Like to Move It" (Reel 2 Reel Dub) – 5:00
 * 4) "I Like to Move It" (More's Instrumental) – 4:35
 * 5) "Toety" - 5:00

 * CD maxi
 * 1) "I Like to Move It" (UK Radio Edit) – 3:52
 * 2) "I Like to Move It" (UK Vocal House Remix) – 5:47
 * 3) "I Like to Move It" (UK Moody House Remix) – 5:05
 * 4) "I Like to Move It" (Reel 2 Reel Dub) – 4:25

 * CD single
 * 1) "I Like to Move It" (Radio Edit) – 3:52
 * 2) "I Like to Move It" (More's Instrumental) – 3:57

 * CD seven-track remixes
 * 1) "I Like to Move It" (UK Radio Edit) – 3:52
 * 2) "I Like to Move It" (Erick 'More' Club Mix) – 5.51
 * 3) "I Like to Move It" (UK Vocal House Remix) – 5.47
 * 4) "I Like to Move It" (UK Moody house Remix) – 6.19
 * 5) "I Like to Move It" (Vocal Dattiman Remix) – 6.37
 * 6) "I Like to Move It" (UK Dattiman Dub) – 6.22
 * 7) "I Like to Move It" (Reel 2 Reel Dub) – 4.25

Other media appearances
The song appeared in the films The Master of Disguise and Saving Silverman. The song appeared in the American Dad! episode "The Dentist's Wife".

A reworked parody version, titled "I Like to Shake It, Shake It", was used in an April 2018 commercial for the dishwasher brand Fairy. It was posted on their official British YouTube channel, but it was since deleted.

The song has also been used in numerous other advertisements and was used in the video games SingStar Dance, the first Just Dance and Just Dance Kids 2014. Basshunter sampled "I Like to Move It" on his 2010 song "Saturday".

In the second season of Norwegian reality singing competition Maskorama, based on the South Korean television series King of Mask Singer, the song was performed in episode three in November 2021. It was performed by the contestant masked as a Nisse, which later was revealed to be Abid Raja.

A new Fortnite dance emote based on the song was introduced on January 28, 2022.

In February 2023, the song was featured in a television commercial for the United States Postal Service.

It was used in the New York Undercover episode "If this world were mine" on Season 2, Episode 26 in the entry montage.

title: I Like to Move It


text:
File:VUMillennium.jpg

Cover for The Velvet Underground's 2000 compilation album The Best of The Velvet Underground: The Millennium Collection.

title: File:VUMillennium.jpg


text:
Talk:Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model

/Archive 1 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.131.80.137 (talk) 19:57, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Remove kinetic terms from coupling terms?
Section "Lagrangian formalism" first has a subsection "Kinetic terms" with e.g.
 * $$i\bar{\psi}\gamma^{\mu}\partial_{\mu}\psi$$.

Then, the next subsection is "Coupling terms" which contains e.g.
 * $$ \mathcal{L}_\mathrm{EW} = \sum_\psi\bar\psi\gamma^\mu \left(i\partial_\mu-g^\prime{1\over2}Y_\mathrm{W}B_\mu-g{1\over2}\boldsymbol{\tau}\mathbf{W}_\mu\right)\psi$$

Well... the second formula contains the first as the first term, when you expand the brackets. This is not what the article implies: that fermion's terms are kinetic_terms + coupling_terms.

I propose removing kinetic term from coupling terms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.5.69.233 (talk) 22:35, 22 June 2023 (UTC)

Rewritten article
Thanks mostly to the contributions from this user, I've completely rewritten this article. Hopefully it is now somewhat cohesive and comprehensive, and will be helpful to some people. There are probably a few mistakes, especially with formatting, as I haven't edited much before.

I'd say the thing it lacks most is a good discussion of interaction terms, and probably also a few citations.

Cheers, Euan 81.131.80.137 (talk) 20:02, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Interaction Graph
Neutrinos do not interact with photons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.65.175.12 (talk) 07:15, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

The diagram is now wrong for a different reason
The blue arc between electrons and neutrinos indicates an interaction that does not exist. The relationship is one of grouping, not interaction. Someone should fix this. I recommend placing an oval around all the leptons, linking W and Z to the oval (indicating all leptons), and an arc from photons, crossing that oval, to the charged leptons. 129.67.118.100 (talk) 16:07, 14 April 2014 (UTC)

There is a newer and better interaction graph (created 2014) in the main Standard Model article. I suggest using that same interaction graph in this Standard Model (mathematical formulation) article. K.enevoldsen (talk) 03:26, 17 August 2015 (UTC)

The Standard Model Chart also needs repair
First, there are 8 g's, not just 1: g₁, ..., g₈. Second, the T₃ gauge charge assignments for the W's: (W⁺, W³, W⁻): (+1, 0, -1) are the T₃ eigenstates, with (W¹,W²) being superpositions of the T₃ eigenstates (W⁺,W⁻). Third, quark and anti-quark colors comprise 6 cardinal points in the (λ₃,λ₈)/2 plane (where λ₁, ..., λ₈ are the Gell-Mann matrices) that form a hexagon centered about (0,0), with (red,green,blue) = ((+1/2, +1/√12), (0, -1/√3), (-1/2, +1/√12)), and anti-(red,green,blue) = ((-1/2, -1/√12), (0, +1/√3), (+1/2, -1/√12)) corresponding to the positions that would be occupied by (cyan,magenta,amber) in the Newton color wheel. The (λ₃,λ₈)/2 charges play roles, here, analogous to the chromaticity coordinates in color theory: (λ₃,λ₈)/2 corresponds roughly to the (x,y) chromaticity coordinates in CIE1931, except for the quark and anti-quark eigenstates being centered about 0. Fourth, the SU(3) gluon eigenstates form a flattened cube in the (λ₃,λ₈)/2 plane, with (g₃,g₈) at (0,0); and (g₁,g₂), (g₄,g₅), (g₆,g₇) each pairing off to produce SU(3) eigenstates, in the same way that (W¹, W²) pair off to produce (W⁺, W⁻). The 6 gluon eigenstates lie at angles (30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330) degrees in the (λ₃,λ₈)/2 plane, where (red,green,blue) are set at (0,120,240) degrees, and lie at a distance √3 further out from the origin; i.e. the 6 colored gluon SU(3) eigenstates have √3 times the charge of the quark eigenstates at angles half way between the those of the 6 cardinal points formed by the quark/anti-quark charges. The eigenstates formed from (g₁,g₂) are on the (30, 210) degree axis, while those formed from (g₄,g₅), (g₆,g₇) reside respectively on the (90, 270) and (150, 330) degree axes.

Lagrangian
The description of the Lagrangian is not in line with the linked description from einstein-schrodinger.com. Why not ? Forcefield2 (talk) 18:20, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Weyl fermions
Within the last several days, a group headed by Princeton has reported observation of Weyl fermions. Is this a topic that should be mentioned in this article? Articles I've read in media suggest it is a massless fermion that carries electrical charge. --74.38.77.101 (talk) 21:07, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

 * That's an interesting find, but to my (admittedly limited) knowledge, that find would probably be more suited to an article about Weyl fermions themselves, or maybe something like quasiparticles or solid-state physics, as I believe the observation was not that of a "fundamental" Weyl fermion, but rather or a quasiparticle within condensed matter, which is qualitatively somewhat different. I could be wrong, but I don't believe it's a game changer for the Standard Model itself.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.247.166.192 (talk) 00:31, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 29 April 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved as requested per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 20:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)

Standard Model (mathematical formulation) → Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model – A more natural title than current. Also see Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. – Laundry Pizza 03  ( d c̄ ) 23:47, 29 April 2018 (UTC). – Laundry Pizza 03  ( d c̄ ) 23:47, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Good idea. The disambiguation-style title is not appropriate here: 'Standard Model' in both titles referes to the same thing. — dukwon (talk) (contribs) 10:29, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Weak charge
I was reading some things about weak charge. That article was just a redirect to this one, which didn't have any explanation, so I stubbed something for it based on a few papers. I know what the magnitude of the weak charge is, more or less, and that you can tot it up in a nucleus, but it would sure be nice to get expert explanation of what it is, and its relationship if any to weak isospin and weak hypercharge and Weinberg angle and so on. Wnt (talk) 03:37, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I would strongly resist association of the weak charge stub to this article. This is an eccentric/parochial usage used only in nuclear and atomic physics, and not in particle physics, defined in, e.g. .  It is but the vector coupling of the Z-boson to the nucleon, gV, whose currents are exemplified in the last formula of this article, and in W and Z bosons.  While the linked definition and reference could usefully be adduced in that stub, any mention of such here would only serve to muddy waters and confuse the reader. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 20:45, 13 November 2018 (UTC)

The full equation for the standard model

What I would like to see here is the full equation for the standard model, with every variable and operator explained. Something like what's presented here or at 43:16 here. I think its totally fine to have complex terms or functions or operators as long as we link to somewhere where each can be worked out. Its much better to have a short equation like this where you can see the structure, rather than something like this that has inlined way too much of the functions to be able to see anything at a glance. Can anyone comment on the equations given in my first two links as to whether they're accurate, and whether the variables are understandable enough to be able to list out what they are? Fresheneesz (talk) 04:16, 16 January 2019 (UTC)

 * The equations are correct, but deeply uninformative, except as summaries of a logically troubled background--you should have spotted the nasty failure to include the Yukawa couplings into the Higgs sector: this is the second job of the Higgs, for crying out loud. The Symmetry Magazine exemplar is classic "Lies to Children" chartjunk, all formally correct of course, but profoundly corrosive to understanding: it is  not in the unitary gauge!, and as a result it displays unphysical Goldstone degrees of freedom; downright misleading and hostile to the novice. Still, I added a link to the SM Lagrangian in WP you apparently missed in a more prominent location.
 * WP is not a tutorial on the standard model. There are books, summaries, and, of course, Wikiversity for that. I strongly believe insertions of this type would damage the article, depredated upon massively, already. Cuzkatzimhut (talk) 17:05, 16 January 2019 (UTC)


text:
Lynne Roberts

Lynne Roberts, also credited as Mary Hart, born Theda May Roberts (November 22, 1922 – April 1, 1978) was an American film actress during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She appeared exclusively in what were referred to as B movies.

Early years
Born in El Paso, Texas, Roberts was the daughter of Hobart M. Roberts, a bookkeeper, and May Holland. The family moved to Los Angeles in the 1920s.

Career
Roberts began working as an actress in the 1930s, under contract to Republic Pictures. At the age of 14, in 1936, she played a role in Bulldog Edition. In 1938, at age 16, she starred in the cliffhangers: The Lone Ranger and Dick Tracy Returns, and played a role in The Higgins Family. She was officially listed in studio records as having been born in 1919. In 1941 she starred with Sonja Henie and John Payne in Sun Valley Serenade, while under contract to 20th Century-Fox. She returned to Republic Pictures in 1944, and stayed under contract there until 1948. She starred with Gene Autry in Sioux City Sue in 1946, and appeared in two more films with Autry: Robin Hood of Texas and Saddle Pals, as well as three films with Roy Rogers, and one with Monte Hale. (Johnny D. Boggs, in his book, Billy the Kid on Film, 1911-2012, wrote, "Lynne Roberts would co-star with [Roy] Rogers in eight Westerns, billed as Mary Hart in the first seven of those.")

After leaving Republic Pictures for the second time, Roberts worked with Autry in outdoor adventures for Columbia Pictures. She also worked with Kirby Grant in Monogram Pictures' mounted-police adventures, and with Tim Holt at RKO Radio Pictures.

Roberts appeared in 64 films in total. Of those, 21 were westerns, and two were serials.

Personal life and death

Roberts married four times. Her first marriage was to William Engelbert, Jr., an aircraft company official, with whom she had one son, Bill. The marriage ended in divorce in 1944.

Her second marriage was to Louis John Gardella, which also ended in divorce. In court, Gardella's attorney argued that the couple's Arizona wedding was invalid because Roberts was not legally divorced from Engelbert, although Roberts claimed she had a Mexican divorce decree.

In 1953, Roberts married brassiere manufacturer Hyman B. Samuels, with whom she had a daughter, Peri Margaret, and a son, William Edward. The couple divorced November 14, 1961, in Los Angeles, California.

Roberts retired from acting and later married pro wrestler and motion picture actor Don Sebastian in 1971, but she was separated from him at the time of her death. She died in Sherman Oaks in 1978 due to a brain hemorrhage from a slip-and-fall accident in her home.

Partial filmography

 * Mama Runs Wild (1937) as Edith Summers
 * Dangerous Holiday (1937) as Jean Robbins
 * The Higgins Family (1938) as Marian Higgins
 * Call the Mesquiteers (1938) as Madge Irving
 * Hollywood Stadium Mystery (1938) as Edna Mayberry
 * The Lone Ranger (1938) as Joan Blanchard
 * Billy the Kid Returns (1938) (billed as Mary Hart) as Ellen Moore
 * Come On, Rangers (1938) (as Mary Hart) as Janice Forbes
 * Shine On, Harvest Moon (1938) (as Mary Hart) as Claire Brower
 * The Mysterious Miss X (1939) (as Mary Hart) as Julie Graham
 * Rough Riders' Round-up (1939) as Dorothy Blair
 * Southward Ho (1939) as Ellen Denbigh
 * Frontier Pony Express (1939) as Ann Langhorne
 * My Wife's Relatives (1939) as Jean Higgins
 * In Old Caliente (1939) as Jean Higgins
 * Should Husbands Work? (1939) as Jean Higgins
 * Everything's on Ice (1939) as Jane Barton
 * High School (1940) as Carol Roberts
 * Star Dust (1940) as College girl
 * Street of Memories (1940) as Catherine 'Kitty' Foster
 * Hi-Yo Silver (1940) as Joan Blanchard
 * The Bride Wore Crutches (1941) as Midge Lambert
 * Romance of the Rio Grande (1941) as Maria Cordova
 * Riders of the Purple Sage (1941) as Bess
 * Moon Over Miami (1941) as Jennie May
 * Last of the Duanes (1941) as Nancy Bowdrey
 * Young America (1942) as Elizabeth Barnes
 * The Man in the Trunk (1942) as Peggy LaRue
 * Dr. Renault's Secret (1942) as Madeline Renault
 * Quiet Please, Murder (1942) as Kay Ryan
 * The Big Bonanza (1944) as Judy Parker
 * My Buddy (1944) as Lucy Manners
 * The Ghost That Walks Alone (1944) as Sue McGuire Grant
 * The Port of 40 Thieves (1944) as Nancy Hubbard Chaney
 * The Phantom Speaks (1945) as Joan Renwick
 * The Chicago Kid (1945) as Chris Mitchell
 * Behind City Lights (1945) as Jean Lowell
 * Girls of the Big House (1945) as Jeanne Crail
 * Winter Wonderland (1946) as Nancy Wheeler
 * The Magnificent Rogue (1946) as Pat Brown Morgan
 * Sioux City Sue (1946) as Sue Warner
 * The Pilgrim Lady (1947) as Henrietta Rankin
 * That's My Gal (1947) as Natalie Adams
 * Saddle Pals (1947) as Shelly Brooks
 * Robin Hood of Texas (1947) as Virginia
 * Madonna of the Desert (1948) as Monica Dale
 * Lightnin' in the Forest (1948) as Jerri Vail
 * Secret Service Investigator (1948) as Susan Lane
 * The Timber Trail (1948) as Alice Baker
 * Eyes of Texas (1948) as Nurse Penny Thatcher
 * Sons of Adventure (1948) as Jean
 * Trouble Preferred (1948) as Madge Walker
 * The Great Plane Robbery (1950) as Mary
 * The Blazing Sun (1950) as Helen Ellis
 * Call of the Klondike (1950) as Emily Mallory
 * Hunt the Man Down (1950) as Sally Clark
 * Dynamite Pass (1950) as Mrs. Mary Madden
 * Because of You (1952) as Rosemary Balder
 * The Blazing Forest (1952) as Grace Hanson
 * Port Sinister (1953) as Joan Hunter

title: Lynne Roberts


text:
Sergei Mikhailov (businessman)

Sergei Mikhailov (Серге́й Анатольевич Михайлов; born February 7, 1958), nickname Mikhas, is a Russian businessman and leader of the  Solntsevskaya Bratva criminal syndicate.

Mikhailov was originally a waiter, but moved into the criminal world in 1987 after a conviction for fraud in 1984. Together with Viktor Averin, Mikhas formed the Solntsevo group in the late 1980s, where he was born and raised.

François Tharin, a Vaud immigration attorney, who was the former head of the Cantonial Office of Foreigners (l'Office cantonal des étrangers du canton de Vaud) obtained both Mikhailov's proper immigration papers and Vaud approval in January 1996 after Mikhailov had purchased a 800,000 Swiss franc villa in Borex, Vaud, at the end of 1995 through an intermediary Vaud industrialist. Mikhailov had been referred to Tharin from his business friends André Milowanow and Olivier Demaurex of the financial firm SCFI Holding, whose offices are along avenue CF Ramuz in Pully, and had arranged for the Line SA company in Penthalaz to improve Moscow's water lines.

On 16 October 1996, Mikhas was arrested in at the Cointrin Airport, Geneva, Switzerland on charges of false documents and a law about foreigners owning property. He was later acquitted and allowed to walk free from the court after spending two years in jail waiting for the trial. One of the witnesses, Vadim Rosenbaum (Вадим Розенбаум) who was chairman of the Fund cooperative (кооператив "Фонд"), was shot dead in Amsterdam before Rosenbaum could testify.

During the Swiss trial in Geneva, Mikhailov's attorney in Switzerland was Ralph Oswald Isenegger and in Russia was Sergei Pogramkov (Сергей Пограмков).

title: Sergei Mikhailov (businessman)