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WHK (AM)

WHK (1420 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Cleveland, Ohio, carrying a talk format known as "AM 1420 The Answer". Owned by the Salem Media Group, the station serves both Greater Cleveland and the Northeast Ohio region as an affiliate for the Salem Radio Network. WHK's studios are currently located in the Cleveland suburb of Independence while the transmitter site resides in neighboring Seven Hills.

Formally established in 1922 but borne out of experimental broadcasts by founder Warren R. Cox, WHK was the first licensed radio station to broadcast in Ohio and is the 15th oldest station still broadcasting in the United States. Operated by Cox and then the Radio Air Service Corporation, WHK spent the 1940s and 1950s as the broadcast extension of daily newspaper The Plain Dealer. Owned by Metromedia from 1958 to 1973, WHK signed on an FM adjunct which took on the identity of WMMS in 1968 as one of the city's first progressive rock outlets, while WHK boasted a popular Top 40 format earlier in the decade led by Johnny Holliday. Purchased by Malrite Communications in 1973, WHK converted to a country music format headlined by shock jock Gary Dee, Joe Finan and, for a brief period, Don Imus. Flipping to oldies in 1984 and business news in 1988, WHK and WMMS would be sold twice between 1993 and 1994, segueing to sports radio in the latter year. Purchased by Salem in 1996, WHK adopted a Christian radio format, then a complex radio station/intellectual property asset swap on July 3, 2001, saw WCLV owner Radio Seaway purchasing the license as a second incarnation of adult standards WRMR (using the WCLV calls from 2001 to 2003). Repurchased by Salem in 2004, it has carried a conservative talk format with the restored WHK calls since.

In addition to a standard analog transmission, WHK is relayed over low-power Cleveland translator W273DG and is available online.

Experimental license
WHK received its first broadcasting station license in February 1922. However, the station's history dates back to a series of broadcasts begun in August 1921 over an amateur radio station operated by WHK's original owner, Warren R. Cox.

Radio broadcasting in the United States started to become organized in the fall of 1919, largely due to improvements in vacuum tube design. Many of the earliest programs originated from a mixture of amateur and experimental stations. The amateurs in the Cleveland area were particularly well organized, and in early May 1921 the Cleveland Radio Association announced that its members had inaugurated a weekly Friday evening series of live concerts, transmitted on the standard amateur wavelength of 1500 kHz by a rotating roster of local amateur stations.

Warren R. Cox made his first contribution to the series on August 26, 1921, operating amateur station 8ACS at 3138 Payne Avenue S. E. This was the location of the Cox Manufacturing Company, which primarily produced electrical components for automotive markets and radio receiver construction. Cox's station was described as "one of the newer and most powerful in the city".

The 8ACS programs were soon recognized as providing "exceptional wireless entertainment", and B. Dreher's Sons Company donated a Steinway grand piano for use in the station's studio. In October the Cleveland Radio Association concerts moved to Thursday nights. Around this time Warren R. Cox added his own weekly concerts, on Sunday evenings. In December the Cleveland Radio Association ended the Thursday broadcasts, and switched to exclusively supporting the 8ACS Sunday concerts.

Warren R. Cox's broadcasting activities gained special prominence during local elections held in the fall of 1921. The November 3 broadcast featured short speeches by six of the city's seven candidates for mayor. In addition, the Cleveland Plain Dealer made arrangements to relay vote totals on election night by telephone to 8ACS for broadcasting by the station.

Initially there were no specific standards in the United States for radio stations making transmissions intended for the general public, and numerous stations under various classifications made entertainment broadcasts. However, effective December 1, 1921, the Department of Commerce, regulators of radio at this time, adopted a regulation that formally created a broadcasting station category, and stations were now required to hold a Limited Commercial license authorizing operation on wavelengths of 833 kHz for "entertainment" broadcasts or 619 kHz for "market and weather reports". By the end of 1922 over 500 stations would be authorized nationwide.

At first this new policy was loosely enforced, but in early February 1922, the government's official monitor of radio in the region, S. W. Edwards, contacted the local stations to reiterate that amateurs were no longer permitted to make entertainment broadcasts. Thus, on February 3, 1922, Edwin H. Poad, president of the Cleveland Radio Association, announced that his organization was ending the weekly broadcasts started nine months earlier. This ban also ended the broadcasts over 8ACS, however it was soon reported that Warren R. Cox was making plans to apply for one of the new broadcasting station licenses in order to return to the airwaves.

WHK (1922–2001)
WHK was issued its first broadcasting station license on February 21, 1922, for operation on the 360–meter entertainment wavelength, with Warren R. Cox listed as the licensee. Prior to April 4, 1922, the Commerce Department issued three-letter call signs to most commercial radio stations; the WHK call letters were randomly chosen and did not have any particular meaning. According to one analysis, WHK was the second broadcasting station license issued for Ohio, and the 52nd in the United States, and is Ohio's oldest surviving radio station, and 15th in the country.

The station began broadcasting from the Radiovox Company, which was located at the Stuyvesant Building on 5005 Euclid Avenue. WHK's debut broadcast, on Sunday night March 5, 1922, was advertised as a continuation of the suspended Cleveland Radio Association weekly concert series. Cox announced that, in addition to the Sunday schedule, he planned to broadcast Tuesday night concerts in conjunction with the Keith vaudeville organization, with additional programs on Thursday nights. In July 1922 the station's transmitting power was reported to be 200 watts. Later in the year the licensee name was changed to "Radiovox Company (Warren R. Cox)".

In May 1923 the U.S. government made additional broadcasting station transmitting frequencies available. In late 1923 WHK was reassigned to, which was followed by moves to in early 1925 and  in 1927.

WHK was sold to the Radio Air Service Corporation in October 1925. In the following years, the station facilities underwent a series of moves, including 5105 Euclid Avenue, the Hotel Winton at 1010 Prospect Avenue (later the Hotel Carter), the Standard Building at St. Clair and Ontario, the top floor of the Higbee Company on Public Square, and Carnegie Hall at 1220 Huron Road. By 1928, the station was located in the Engineers' Building at 1370 Ontario Street.

On November 11, 1928, under the provisions of a major reallocation resulting from the Federal Radio Commission's (FRC) General Order 40, WHK was reassigned to. WHK became a CBS affiliate in 1930, operating with 1,000 watts full-time. When George A. Richards established WGAR on December 15, 1930, the new station had to sign on using WHK's backup transmitter at the Standard Building. On March 9, 1931, the station moved to the Terminal Tower, and celebrated with the live broadcast of Faust from its auditorium.

As of January 1, 1934, WHK was broadcasting with a daytime power of 2,500 watts and a nighttime power of 1,000 watts. The station broadcast a full season of Cleveland Indians baseball games in 1936, with announcers Jack Graney and Pinky Hunter.

United Broadcasting ownership
In 1939 the Radio Air Service Corporation sold WHK to the United Broadcasting Company, which also purchased WCLE, a station that had been broadcasting in Cleveland since January 5, 1927, and was currently transmitting on. WCLE's studios were relocated to the Terminal Tower to join WHK, and the two stations were placed under common management. WHK switched its network affiliation in 1937 from CBS to the NBC Blue Network plus the Mutual Broadcasting System, which had started three years earlier. In the 1940s WHK, like most Mutual affiliates, became a participant in network programming. Rhythm and Rhyme Time was a Saturday night band concert on Mutual that originated from the Terrace Room of the Statler Hotel through the WHK's facilities. In 1943, when the NBC Blue Network was sold to Edward Noble to eventually become ABC, the Blue Network switched its Cleveland affiliate from WHK to WJW, leaving WHK with just Mutual. The Mutual network brought its popular Queen for a Day program to Cleveland Music Hall on April 5, 1946, for a two days of broadcast with local contestants chosen by WHK.

On March 29, 1941, WHK, along with all the other stations on, moved to as part of the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement. In 1945 as the FCC began enforcing a rule limiting owners to a single AM station in a market, United Broadcasting moved WCLE out of Cleveland to Akron and changed its call sign to WHKK and its frequency to. (WHKK became WHLO in 1962.) This in turn meant United could now use the vacated 610 frequency in Columbus, where it was assigned to WHKC, which had been broadcasting daytime-only on 640. (WHKC became WTVN in the 1950s).

In August 1946 WHK received an experimental FM license, W8XUB, transmitting at ; this station became WHK-FM at upon receipt of a commercial license.

WHK also obtained a construction permit for television station WHK-TV on Channel 19, but this never made it on the air, due to the financial challenge of the time of launching a UHF station in a VHF market such as Cleveland.

WHK moved its studios in 1951 to 5000 Euclid Avenue, across the street from its first studio location, which it would occupy for 26 years. (This is presently the site of the Agora Theatre and Ballroom and Lava Room Recording.) In 1955, ownership was transferred to the Forest City Publishing Company, the parent company of The Plain Dealer. In May 1957, as part of the station's 35th anniversary celebration, WHK honored founder Warren R. Cox with "a small transistor radio and a plaque".

Metromedia ownership
The February 10, 1958, issue of Broadcasting magazine reported that WHK AM/FM, along with the construction permit for channel 19, were "on verge of being sold", with the DuMont Broadcasting Corporation as the likely buyer. The $700,000 deal for all three stations (equivalent to $ in ) was approved by the FCC by April, with the company renaming itself as Metropolitan Broadcasting by July and again to Metromedia in 1961. The new owners soon adopted a rock and roll Top 40 format. Morning man Ernie Anderson was let go because he did not fit into the new format. Ironically, Anderson would later find local fame with his Ghoulardi character that would have been ideally suited as an early rock disk jockey. Pete "Mad Daddy" Myers, another early iconic rock DJ, was lured away from rival WJW for a successful stint in WHK's early rock-and-roll years, before he left for New York.

By the early 1960s WHK was Top 40 powerhouse, adopting the slogan "Color Radio" and "Color Channel 14." The station soared with fast-talking deejays like Johnny Holliday, who broadcast from "the glass cage" at 5000 Euclid, and dubbed the station's echo-chamber reverberation its "stratophonic sound." The "Action Central" newsroom included young reporters Tim Taylor and Dave Buckel. When The Beatles made one of their North American tours in 1964, WHK outmaneuvered rival KYW to sponsor the Beatles appearance at Cleveland Public Auditorium on September 15, 1964. The station offered free tickets to listeners with an on-air promotion; the winners were selected in what is believed to be the first automated audience selection. Those receiving tickets were selected by an IBM computer. In the mid-1960s, the WHK DJs adopted the name the "Good Guys" and included Joe Mayer. On the cover of The Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper album, a doll wears a sweater emblazoned with "Welcome The Rolling Stones" and "Good Guys", a possible reference to the WHK DJs.

Late in 1967, WHK stopped rocking to become "The Good Life Station," with easy-listening music and phone-in shows aimed at older listeners. Possibly the biggest reason for the format change at WHK, was the pressure put on the station by newcomer WIXY, an AM station at 1260 which started playing top 40 music in 1966.

In 1968 the FCC mandated that FM sister stations could no longer duplicate their AM sister's programming, and WHK-FM adopted a new progressive rock sound, one of a handful of commercial stations in the country to try that format. The callsign of WHK-FM was changed to WMMS on September 28, 1968.

From 1968 through 1984, WHK was the flagship station of the Cleveland Browns radio network. Gib Shanley provided play-by-play commentary for the majority of the Browns' run at WHK; he was succeeded by Nev Chandler. Color commentary duties were first held by Jim Graner, then Jim Mueller, and finally Doug Dieken, who continues in that position to this day.

Malrite years
Metromedia sold WHK and WMMS in November 1971 to Detroit–based Malrite Broadcasting for $3.5 million (equivalent to $ in ); co-founder Milton Maltz had applied for a job at WHK in 1958 while awaiting approval to build WTTF in Tiffin, Ohio. When the sale closed, Malrite moved its corporate headquarters to Cleveland. WHK dropped the beautiful music in 1973 for "Cover Hits", a modified Top 40 format developed by Mike Joseph featuring hit songs recorded by different artists instead of the more well-known versions. Despite a visible marketing and promotional effort, "Cover Hits" failed to catch on in the Arbitron ratings in the Fall 1973 book, while ratings for WMMS doubled.

Maltz originally intended to flip WMMS to country music but rescinded those plans after the station's air talent, listeners, community activist Henry Speeth and Cleveland councilman Dennis Kucinich lobbied in support of the progressive rock format. Ultimately, it was WHK that flipped to country on March 16, 1974, within two weeks of WNCR's format switch to country from Top 40. Veteran personality Joe Finan was originally placed in morning drive with the switch but former WERE host Gary Dee (Gary D. Gilbert) took over the slot in July 1975 after WERE switched to an all-news format. Dee's addition moved Finan to middays, turning WHK into a combination country and talk format and the lone country outlet in the market as WNCR flipped to beautiful music as WKSW. After being fired from New York City's WNBC for excessive drinking and absenteeism in 1977, WHK hired Don Imus—who briefly hosted mornings on WGAR in 1971—for afternoon drive until WNBC rehired him a year later.

The majority of attention and media coverage for the station, however, focused on the mercurial shock jock Dee. In one particular incident, Dee claimed "40 percent" of money raised during the annual MDA Labor Day Telethon went to Jerry Lewis with the MDA keeping the other 60 percent; after finding out WHK took out newspaper advertisements apologizing for his claim, Dee resigned on-air but management refused to accept it. Dee's volatile and public marriage with WEWS-TV anchor Liz Richards, which had the couple repeatedly trading insults on his show, ended after Dee's 1980 arrest on domestic violence charges. WMMS program director John Gorman later recalled how Dee would typically conclude his show at 10 a.m., leave the studio, quietly stand against a wall and take deep breaths for a few minutes and eventually come out of character.

On February 14, 1977, WHK and WMMS moved their studios from 5000 Euclid Avenue to the Statler Office Tower near Playhouse Square, which originally housed WGAR and their FM adjunct WNCR from 1930 through the early 1970s. WHK's monopoly on country music ended when WKSW flipped back to country in April 1980 and WWWE also switching to country in December 1981. All three stations struggled in the Arbitron ratings, with WHK and WKSW seeing slight declines and WWWE losing listeners. The three-way battle also affected Dee's ratings, falling from first place to fifth. Following a nearly month-long absence, WHK fired Dee on September 27, 1983, after a survey commissioned by Malrite showed that Dee's largely negative approach no longer appealed to listeners who felt more positive about Cleveland. Prior to his firing, Dee only referred to himself by his birth name as a contract negotiation ploy, claiming that Gary Dee is "dead"; WHK was ultimately compelled to take out advertisements in The Plain Dealer stating, "Gary Dee is gone for good." Dee's departure caused WHK's ratings to decline substantially against WKSW, while WWWE reverted to MOR in August 1983. Conceding the country battle outright to WKSW, WHK flipped to oldies on April 24, 1984, as "14K Solid Gold" intended as complementary to WMMS and utilizing that station's existing record library, with WMMS calling it a "transistor sister". Gorman, who helped oversee the launch of "14K", boasted that the station would play "full-service rock 'n' roll, and no wimpy stuff either, no Barry Manilow or Bobby Sherman." The station also carried Dr. Demento's syndicated show on weekends. WHK's relationship with the Browns ended after the 1984 season when team owner Art Modell attempted to move the radio rights to his own station, WJW and later sold WJW to purchase WWWE and WDOK.

Following program director Bernie Kimble's departure for WNCX in 1986 (along with Gorman), the station fired the majority of local air talent as February 1987 began, opting to use Transtar Radio Networks' "The Oldies Channel." WHK fell to 19th place in the Cleveland Fall 1988 Arbitron ratings and 23rd place in Akron, symptomatic of music-oriented AM stations. In a time-brokered arrangement with Belkin Productions, the station began breaking format on Saturday nights to air heavy metal. On November 14, 1988, WHK switched to a business-themed format with Business Radio Network and NBC Talknet programming along with local news updates. General manager Chuck Bortnick defined the format as "the Wall Street Journal, Business Week magazine and the USA Today money section all rolled into one" while Akron Beacon Journal radio critic Bob Dyer regarded WHK as "... (epitomizing) the longtime radio trend of 'narrowcasting'". WHK started simulcasting the audio of WJW-TV's 6 p.m. newscasts in mid-1990, and along with WMMS, regained the Browns rights in 1991 in what was termed an "expensive" deal.

WHK's format transitioned again to talk radio on August 10, 1992, when veteran local hosts Merle Pollis and Joel Rose joined the station in late-morning and afternoon drive. In 1992, studios were moved again to the Skylight Office Tower as part of the Tower City Center complex.

Shamrock and OmniAmerica
Early in 1992, Malrite found itself unable to service its growing debt, with Standard & Poor's putting $115 million of junk bonds held by the company for downgrading. By December of that year, trade publications began reporting on a possible merger between Malrite's radio group and Shamrock Broadcasting—controlled by Roy E. Disney—and a potential re-sale of WHK and WMMS to former Malrite executive and WMJI owner Carl Hirsch. WMJI had already formed a joint operating venture with WHK/WMMS that merged the station's marketing and sales staffs, but continued to be run autonomously. The $300 million (equivalent to $ in ) Shamrock-Malrite merger, including the assumption of $165.5 million in Malrite debt, was announced in March 1993. Pollis and Rose both left on October 1, 1993, after the Shamrock merger cleared, with WHK airing an all-syndicated lineup of Doug Stephan, G. Gordon Liddy and Charles Adler.

The rumors of Shamrock spinning off WHK/WMMS to Hirsch came to pass on November 2, 1993, in a $12 million (equivalent to $ in ) deal. As part of the deal, Hirsch transferred WMJI, which he had owned under the "Legacy Broadcasting" name, to OmniAmerica. In announcing the deal, Hirsch spoke of restoring WHK by possibly installing an aggressive locally oriented news and talk format, stating, "what you have now on AM radio doesn't work". Prior to the takeover, WHK/WMMS lost the Browns radio rights to both WKNR and WDOK, while Hirsch also openly floated the idea of flipping WHK back to country.

None of WHK's employees were retained when the deal closed on April 15, with the station continuing to run the all-syndicated talk lineup on a temporary basis. WHK flipped to sports radio on May 16, 1994, featuring Tom Bush, Les Levine, Rick Bay and WMJI sportscaster Tony Rizzo. WHK's approach to the format was regarded as more loose and "fan-friendly" as opposed to WKNR, which WHK hosts openly criticized for being tightly programmed, rigid and sober. Bush and Bay were reassigned to other roles by early July due to personal schedule conflicts with Pat McCabe, Dan McDowell and Ken Jurek being added to the lineup; Jurek was eventually replaced by producer Ron Brines. The station also signed up as an affiliate of the Ohio State Sports Network.

WHK struggled in the Arbitron ratings, with Levine as the highest-rated show but heavily outranked by both WKNR's Geoff Sindelar and WWWE's Mike Trivisonno. WKNR had a stronger signal along with the Browns and Indians radio rights; by contrast, WHK held play-by-play rights to Ohio State, Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball, the Cleveland Crunch and Lumberjacks IHL hockey. The Fall 1995 Arbitron ratings, influenced by the 1995 World Series and the Browns relocation controversy, showed WHK continuing to trail WKNR by substantial margins. By February 4, 1996, WHK began simulcasting WMJI's morning show with John Lanigan, John Webster and Jimmy Malone (whom Rizzo did sports reports for) as part of a wide-ranging schedule realignment that also saw executives Phil Levine and Art Greenberg dismissed. The station continued to air brokered programming throughout the weekend, a practice WERE also embraced throughout the week.

Salem purchase and Christian radio
Following an attempted merger with Citicasters announced on August 28, 1995, and called off by November 17, rumors soon emerged of OmniAmerica divesting their Cleveland radio properties, potentially to Clear Channel Communications. On April 23, 1996, WMJI and WMMS were sold to WGAR-FM owner Nationwide Communications for $43.5 million (equivalent to $ in ) and WOMX-FM in Orlando, Florida. Two days later, WHK was sold to Camarillo, California–based Salem Communications for $6.5 million (equivalent to $ in ). Hirsch's divestments limited OmniAmerica's holdings to Florida along with the possibility of selling those stations and going into retirement, while Hirsch acknowledged that he had tried unsuccessfully to purchase other stations in Cleveland.

Les Levine left radio to host a call-in show on SportsChannel Ohio, remarking that WHK's pending format change made the last few months at the station "just horrible". All local programming was eliminated on June 28, 1996, with Pat McCabe's final day documented by Plain Dealer staffers in a photo essay commemorating Cleveland's bicentennial year. Syndicated sports talk aired as filler until the sale closed on September 2, 1996, when Salem instituted a Christian radio format; the new ownership also announced plans to upgrade WHK's Seven Hills transmitter site. Salem purchased WHLO and Canton-based WTOF-FM from Mortenson Broadcasting that October, with WTOF-FM becoming WHK-FM (98.1), a full-time WHK simulcast. Parma-licensed daytimer WCCD was purchased by Salem in March 1997. Salem later purchased WRMR and WKNR on May 6, 2000, as part of a court-ordered divestiture to complete Clear Channel's merger into AMFM, Inc.

In addition to the station's regular lineup of taped sermons and Christian music, nationally syndicated area pastor Alistair Begg aired daily on both WHK and WHK-FM. In October 1997, both stations broadcast live from the "Stand in the Gap" rally held by Promise Keepers.

2001 "frequency swap"
WHK was one of seven Northeast Ohio radio stations involved in a complex exchange on July 3, 2001, between three radio companies. Announced on November 1, 2000, WCLV parent Radio Seaway reached an agreement to donate the assets of WCLV to a nonprofit foundation; in order to finance the deal, Radio Seaway sold the station's  license to Salem and purchased the licenses for Lorain's WCPN from Clear Channel and  from Salem, while Salem sold WHK-FM's license to Clear Channel. Negotiations between Salem, Clear Channel and Radio Seaway had been ongoing for nearly two years. Radio Seaway's original plan for was to simulcast the classical programming originated from, which was weaker than the original  signal and centered primarily around Cleveland's western suburbs.

Salem retained WHK's format and call letters and announced plans on May 17, 2001, to transfer them to in place of WKNR, simultaneously transferring WKNR's call sign and sports format from  to, displacing WRMR's adult standards format entirely. Despite WRMR still having respectable ratings in the 12+ demographic, the format struggled throughout the 1990s in the 25–54 demographic—seen by agencies as the most lucrative —and had a core demographic of 65 and older. Ultimately, Radio Seaway agreed to purchase the intellectual property of WRMR, including the station's music library and some equipment, for an undisclosed fee on May 31, 2001, and announced that would adopt the format but with the WCLV call sign. Acknowledging the signal weaknesses of to the east of Cleveland, Radio Seaway arranged a partial simulcast for WCLV-FM programming with Painesville station WBKC.

WCLV (2001–2003)
In announcing the format change—reported on as "a new version of WRMR"—Radio Seaway billed WCLV's format as "classic pop". The station placed an emphasis on older standards from the 1930s and 1940s, along with assorted show tunes, in an attempt to make the format hold a more sophisticated sound along the lines of WCLV-FM's classical format. In response to WRMR's format attracting older demos, Robert Conrad, WCLV's co-founder and president, said, "the people who grew up with Bach aren't around anymore either." The entirety of WRMR's air talent was retained for WCLV except for Bill Randle and Rob Schuler; Randle joined WCLV in 2002, while Schuler stayed with Salem as WFHM-FM's midday host. Jim Davis, WRMR's operations manager since 2000, again both programmed and assumed on-air duties.

The long-running Irish Hour with Gerry Quinn, a WRMR staple, also made the move to WCLV on Sunday mornings. WCLV-FM news director Hugh Danaceau also did live drive-time newscasts on the AM station until his death in 2003. Many of WCLV-FM's long-running specialty shows, including Weekend Radio, the City Club of Cleveland's weekly forum, and Footlight Parade were also aired; Footlight Parade host Bill Rudman also hosted a Saturday afternoon program for the AM station.

On January 1, 2003, WCLV's call sign was changed to WRMR, reinforcing the station's link to the former WRMR at and to resolve confusion between it and WCLV-FM.

WRMR (2003–2005)
Rebranded as "The Songs You Love", WRMR's music programming reverted to the adult standards format, again placing an emphasis on pop music and contemporary ballads from the 1950s and 1960s. In November 2003, WRMR's lineup significantly changed: Ted Alexander replaced Ted Hallaman in the morning slot, WCLV staffer John Simna assumed the mid-morning slot and Jim Davis and Carl Reese were moved to the afternoon and evening slots, respectively.

Despite these changes, Radio Seaway sold the station back to Salem on July 6, 2004, for $10 million (equivalent to $ in ). WRMR had experienced an overall loss in listenership and advertising revenue so significant that Robert Conrad said, "we gave (the standards format) three years, but unfortunately it's dying all across the country", conceding WRMR had become a financial liability for WCLV. The sale was indicative of the adult standards format fading from terrestrial radio, having fallen from a peak of 595 stations nationwide in 1999 to 457 stations in 2004. WRMR's sale and pending format change was made more poignant as Bill Randle died five days later, on July 11, 2004, at the age of 81.

WHK (2005–present)
Salem took over WRMR via local marketing agreement on July 13, 2004, changing the station's format to conservative talk, assuming a format WCCD had adopted in early 2003. While branded as "WHK" and reported on as "WHK moving back to 1420 on the dial", the WRMR call sign stayed until April 5, 2005, when the sale was consummated; WHK then changed their calls to WHKW, allowing the WHK calls to be restored on. While WHK's conservative talk format was at launch entirely syndicated via the Salem Radio Network, a local program hosted by area personality Bob Frantz was added in 2015. WHK was rebranded as "The Answer" on April 15, 2013, a slogan used by many Salem-owned conservative talk stations.

Current programming
Aside from Frantz's local late morning show, the bulk of the weekday lineup features Salem Radio Network conservative talk programming, Bloomberg Radio in early mornings and daily commentaries from Bill O'Reilly. Brokered programming makes up the majority of the station's weekend lineup, and WHK serves as the Cleveland affiliate for University of Akron football.

FM translator
WHK is additionally relayed over the following low-power FM translator:

title: WHK (AM)


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Argala

Argala may refer to:

 * Greater adjutant, a member of the stork family, from its Bengali name hurghila
 * José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana, an assassinated Basque leader, from his Basque nickname Argala ("Slim")

title: Argala


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Seamus McCaffery

Seamus P. McCaffery (born June 3, 1950) is an American retired Justice on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his election to the Supreme Court, he was a judge on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, and prior to that was a municipal court judge in Philadelphia. He was the judge at "Eagles Court", an ad hoc court created to deal with unruly fans at Philadelphia Eagles games.

Personal
McCaffery was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1950. His family emigrated to the United States when he was five. He graduated from Cardinal Dougherty High School in Philadelphia and joined the United States Marine Corps.

After leaving active duty, McCaffery joined the Marine Corps Reserve and joined the Philadelphia Police Department. He served in the police department for 20 years, rising to sergeant. While a police officer, McCaffery put himself through university at La Salle University and law school at Temple University. He became a member of the Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Washington, D.C. bars and worked as a litigation associate.

In 2008 he retired as a colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He is also a 33° Mason.

Judicial career
In 1993, McCaffery won election to Municipal Court in Philadelphia. With support from members of the city council, he developed Eagles Court in 1998 in response to a 1997 Monday Night Football game between the Eagles and the San Francisco 49ers. With over 60 fistfights reported at the nationally televised game, stadium violence became an embarrassment for the city. McCaffery presided over the court, which was convened in the basement of Veterans Stadium, and handed out fines or jail time to fans arrested during games. Prior to protests at the 2000 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, McCaffery announced a plan for the preventive detention of protesters. Because of this, defense attorneys asked him to recuse himself from trials involving the protests, but he refused, without hearing the arguments.

He was elected to the Superior Court in 2003 and successfully ran for the Supreme Court in 2007, where he was a landslide winner attaining over 2 million votes statewide.

Resignation
McCaffery abruptly resigned from the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on October 27, 2014, one week after his October 20, 2014 suspension by four fellow Justices and the public disclosure by Chief Justice Ronald Castille that Justice McCaffery had sent or received 234 emails containing pornography between late 2008 and May 2012 to an agent in the attorney general's office. The Chief Justice had requested copies of the emails from Attorney General Kathleen Kane.

A fellow justice, Michael Eakin, (who abstained from the suspension vote) also had gone public with an accusation he filed on October 17, 2014, that Justice McCaffery tried to coerce him into taking his side against Chief Justice Castille. The justices voting to suspend McCaffery cited King's Bench power to "protect and preserve the integrity" of the state's judicial system. The justices, in their order suspending McCaffery, directed the state Judicial Conduct Board, which was already investigating McCaffery, to determine within 30 days whether there was "probable cause to file formal misconduct charges" against him.

The court said McCaffery may also have allowed his wife, who was his chief legal clerk, to collect legal referral fees while she was a state court employee, and he may have tried to fix a traffic ticket for her. In his concurring statement on the suspension, Chief Justice Castille described McCaffery as exhibiting the traits of a sociopath.

The Supreme Court confirmed McCaffery's resignation in an order lifting his suspension. McCaffery's retirement agreement not to seek senior judge status and not seek future judicial positions ended the state Judicial Conduct Board investigation of him. By retiring instead of being impeached, McCaffery was able to keep an $11,000 per month retirement benefit ($134,000 annual pension) from the State Employees' Retirement System (SERS) paid for by Pennsylvania taxpayers, even after he cashed out $455,000 of his own contributions plus interest.

title: Seamus McCaffery


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Wikipedia talk:Dead-end pages/Archive 1

Wikipedia talk:!Dead-end pages is the raw HTML source for the lower part of Special:Deadendpages when the function is disabled. -- User:Docu

In the current version of "SpecialDeadendpages.php" redirects aren't excluded: function getSQL( $offset, $limit ) { return "SELECT cur_title ". "FROM cur LEFT JOIN links ON cur_title = l_from ". "WHERE l_from IS NULL ". "AND cur_namespace = 0 ". "ORDER BY cur_title ". "LIMIT {$offset}, {$limit}"; Adding "AND cur_is_redirect = 0" should filter them. -- User:Docu

 * That shouldn't be necessary as redirects contain a link, therefore they are not dead-end pages. The only reason those dates were showing up in the list yesterday was because the redirects were broken (they didn't include the final bracket). Now these have been fixed, they are not showing up. Angela. 10:13, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Why are Aerospatiale Gazelle and Amaliáda showing up? -- User:Docu

 * In fact, it appears to be a problem with the links table. It might be fixed once that table is updated. -- User:Docu

 * I assume it must be as both of those contain a link, so they shouldn't be listed. Angela. 10:51, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * I ran "SELECT * FROM links WHERE l_from = 'Aerospatiale_Gazelle' LIMIT 10" and it didn't return anything. -- User:Docu

BTW should we place the results on Deadend pages so they can be easily edited? -- User:Docu

 * Yeah, I was just about to. :) Angela.

I updated it. Is there any easy way to transfer the listings to Wikipedia:Deadend pages? --Jiang 08:13, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Could this please be updated? Most entries have been resolved by now (and the rest will be by the time someone reads this ;) ) Radiant! 18:13, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)

Can someone update Deadend pages? It's linked on mediawiki:opentask and all entries have all been resolved. --Jiang 19:43, 3 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * All done except for Ammunition for infantry and Angelwings and Finerthings. I did my best but there's only so much time :-( Help would be much appreciated. --Phil 10:52, Mar 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have now added some sort of annotation to these last remaining entries. When this page is re-created, do the comments get carried through, or do we have to go through the whole things again? --Phil 10:57, Mar 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * If they've been fixed, theyre no longer "dead end" so they would no longer be listed. --Jiang 19:00, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Someone should run the script for Special:Deadendpages. I don't know how to do it. --Jiang 19:00, 4 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I updated it, but it's fairly useless as it's just showing a load of misformed date redirects. It will only display 50 at a time, so until those are deleted or fixed, the list doesn't contain any actual articles. Angela. 17:17, Mar 5, 2004 (UTC)

What script is used to generate the list? It should be done again. --Jiang 02:45, 6 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Brion says the script is not to be overused or it will be taken away and Eloquence said the script should not be made public. Angela. 10:19, Mar 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've recreated the list from a local copy of the last database dump. Lots of stubs in there, but also many true dead-ends.  Happy to try and produce a more precise list if anyone has better criteria than "a page in the main en namespace with no internal links".  - TB 11:09, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Great, I was just about to do the same!
 * I suppose in any stub there are a couple of words that can be wikified. If you want to expand the definition, maybe "any page in article namespace without at least two links to other pages in article namespace" could expand the list. -- User:Docu

See Wikipedia talk:!Dead-end pages about the redirects in the results. -- User:Docu

Relationship to "This_page_contains_no_links"?
Four weeks ago I posted a query on Wikipedia_talk:Offline_reports/This_page_contains_no_links suggesting that it has a lot in common with "Deadend pages". No response. What is the difference and what, if any, are the functional relationships users might like to know about? Robin Patterson 05:45, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The "Offline Reports" are generated periodically from database dumps. Special:Deadendpages is generated (normally) on demand from the live database.   Deadend pages is generated periodcally by copying information from either of the first two pages, or by following the instructions in Deadend_pages/How_to_update, and may omit pages with no links that are otherwise wikified (perhaps with  bolding  for example), depending on how it has been updated and by whom.
 * Lots of redundancy? You're right.  I can only speak as to motivation for generating Wikipedia_talk:Offline_reports/This_page_contains_no_links, but:
 * Special:Deadendpages is taken offline if the database server load gets too high.
 * The live database sometimes has problems with the 'links' table needed to determine the articles which have wikilinks to and from them. A new version of the links table is regenerated from scratch during the generation of the offline reports.
 * "This page contains no links" in an articles "what links here" page is more informative (IMHO) than "Deadend pages"
 * Happy to discuss. - TB 10:14, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

I have merged that page here. -- Beland 00:57, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Problem fixed
Partial self-duplication of Deadend pages occurred Dec 15, 2004. Now cured (hopefully). --FvdP 21:02, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

html comments
We've been putting HTML comments about VFD in the list. Other than the fact that the comments would need to be removed if it survived VFD does anyone object to in the future making the comments visible rather than hidnign them in HTML comments?

 * I think I may have been the one who started that. Regardless, having them visible seems like a good plan. --TheParanoidOne 05:34, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

All the aforementioned comments seem to have been made visible by now. -- Beland 01:04, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Dead-end pages/Archive 1


text:
Chester Gillan

Chester Gillan (born 25 September 1943) is a former Canadian educator and politician from Prince Edward Island.

Born in Charlottetown and educated at Saint Dunstan's University and the University of New Brunswick, Gillan was a high school teacher before entering politics, being elected from 1996 to 2007 as a candidate for the Prince Edward Island Progressive Conservative Party in the electoral district of Parkdale-Belvedere (now Charlottetown-Sherwood) in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island.

He served as the Minister of Health in the cabinet of then-Premier Pat Binns.

title: Chester Gillan


text:
Erik Thorstvedt

Erik Thorstvedt (born 28 October 1962) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He won 97 caps for the Norway national team, and was the starter in goal at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He played for Viking, Eik-Tønsberg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, IFK Göteborg and Tottenham Hotspur.

Career
Thorstvedt was the first Norwegian to win the FA Cup when he won it with Spurs in 1991 and later became the second Norwegian to play in the Premier League. During his time at Tottenham Thorstvedt lived in the Hertfordshire town of Hoddesdon.

Thorstvedt retired in 1996 due to back injuries. After his career as a player, he worked as a goalkeeping coach with the Norway national team, and had a brief spell as Director of Football at Viking.

He has worked as an expert commentator/pundit for various TV channels, and was the TV-host on the Royal League matches shown on TVNorge. He was also the coach of Tufte IL, a team created for the reality-TV show Heia Tufte!. For his appearance in this show he was awarded the Se og Hør readers' TV personality of the year award. He had a weekly football show on Mondays called "Matchball Mandag" on TV2 where he and guests looked at games played in the Norwegian top division with a humorous approach.

Personal life
He is the father of Norwegian model and former MTV presenter Charlotte Thorstvedt and Sassuolo midfielder Kristian Thorstvedt.

Honours
Tottenham Hotspur
 * FA Cup: 1990–91
 * FA Charity Shield: 1991 (shared)

title: Erik Thorstvedt


text:
Ron MacKinley

Ronald William "Ronnie" MacKinley (born August 24, 1947 ) is a Prince Edward Island Liberal politician, and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island.

Early life
Born in Charlottetown, MacKinley is the son of John McKinley and Mildred Sellar. He was raised on the family farm in the rural community of North River which was amalgamated into the town of Cornwall in 1996. Before running for office, MacKinley worked as a farmer in North River. Apart from owning and operating his farm, he co-owns MacKinley Brothers beef farm with his mother and his son. He is married to Anne Clarkin, and has three children, and two grandchildren.

MacKinley has served as vice-chair of the Elliot River CIC; as a director of the P.E.I. Federation of Agriculture and of the P.E.I. Farm Centre. In addition to this, he is a former member of the Canadian Horticultural Council Labour Board and Uniform Legislation Board, as well as a former Queens County Chair for the P.E.I. Potato Producers' Association.

Political career
MacKinley enjoyed a long political career. He was first elected to represent his riding in a 1985 by-election, and served continuously until 2015.

In the 2000 provincial election, MacKinley was the sole Liberal MLA elected, and also the only Opposition MLA. As a result of this, he served as Leader of the Opposition and de facto Liberal leader until 2003, when he was replaced in both capacities by Robert Ghiz. MacKinley has served as Opposition Critic for Transportation and Public Works, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture; he was the Chairman of the important Public Accounts Committee of the legislature, which must always be chaired by a member of the Opposition.

On 12 June 2007, MacKinley assumed office as Minister of Transportation and Public Works, serving under PEI Premier Robert Ghiz. His position was renamed to Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal during a government reorganization on 13 January 2010.

MacKinley announced his retirement from politics on 10 February 2015, choosing not to seek re-election in the 2015 provincial campaign.

title: Ron MacKinley


text: User talk:81.86.246.34

title: User talk:81.86.246.34


text:
Warriors FC

Warriors Football Club is a Singaporean professional football club based in Choa Chu Kang, Singapore, that played in the Singapore Premier League, the top division of football in Singapore. Before changing their name on 20 January 2013, they were previously known as the Singapore Armed Forces Football Club (SAFFC) since their establishment on 16 February 1996. Despite their name back then, not all players from the team came from the Armed Forces. Some were internationals and others were foreign.

The club's original choice of mascot was a wolf, but club officials chose a rhinoceros, which represents discipline, spirit, courage and teamwork.

Warriors are currently the most successful club in the history of the Singapore league since its inception, having won the league title a record 9 times in 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2014 and finishing second on four occasions in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2005.

1975–1995
The Singapore Armed Forces Sports Association (SAFSA) football team was formed in 1975 to provide talented footballers serving National Service with opportunities to play competitive football. That year, they won the President's Cup, a feat that they repeated in 1978, when they also captured the National Football League title to complete double. Their Under-19 team won the national Under-19 title in 1979, 1980 and 1983, while the 1981 season of the National Football League saw the SAFSA emerge as unbeaten champions. The President's Cup was won by them again in 1984 and 1986, the latter time as part of a second double, as they also won the National Football League on goal difference. In 1990, the Pools Cup went to the SAFSA and their convincing displays led to their selection as one of eight clubs to compete in the newly formed S.League.

1996–2005
The club than revamp it named to Singapore Armed Forces Football Club (SAFFC) and also adopt a new mascot as in its club logo where they joined the inaugural S.League in 1996. The reserve team which still keep its old name and old logo also resulted in the withdrawal of SAFSA from the National Football League. SAFSA would not participate in Singaporean football leagues again until 1999, when they rejoined the league. SAFFC than finished second in 1996 in its debut season where they signed 5 Croatian players Ivica Raguž, Jure Ereš, Velimir Crljen, Davor Mioč and Goran Grubesic. With Grubesic leaving the club at the end of the 1996 season, SAFFC continued with 4 of the remaining foreigners where the club went on to win back-to-back S.League title in 1997 and 1998.

After retiring from football, club captain Fandi Ahmad took over from Mladen Pralija as the club head coach in 1999 where he guided them to win the S.League title in 2000 and 2002.

Three coaches were at the reins during this period, each lasting only one season. SAFFC finished second in 2005 but otherwise outside the top two.

2006–2012
Singaporean Richard Bok took over as SAFFC's head coach in 2006 and led them to four consecutive league championships from 2006 to 2009.

In 2008, SAFFC became the first Singaporean club to achieve a back-to-back domestic double, after winning both the S.League and the Singapore Cup in 2007 and 2008.

AFC Champions League debut
In 2009, SAFFC qualified for the AFC Champions League by defeating Thailand champions PEA and PSMS Medan of Indonesia in the Eastern zone play-offs, becoming Singapore's first-ever representative at the highest club competition in Asia.

SAFFC were drawn in a group with J.League champions Kashima Antlers, K League champions Suwon Samsung Bluewings and Chinese Super League runners-up Shanghai Shenhua. They lost all of their matches, except for a 1–1 draw against Shanghai Shenhua at home.

In 2010, SAFFC qualified for their second consecutive AFC Champions League by registering a 3–0 home win against Sriwijaya of Indonesia and defeated Muangthong United of Thailand in the Eastern zone play-off final, again at home. Against Henan Jianye of China in the group stage, they drew in the two teams' first encounter and won the return leg 2–1 in Singapore, finishing third in a group that also contained familiar rivals Suwon Samsung Bluewings and former champions Gamba Osaka.

2013–2019
On 20 January 2013, SAFFC announced that they had changed their name to Warriors Football Club ahead of the 2013 S.League season.

Englishmen Alex Weaver, in his first full season as coach of Warriors FC, clinched the 2014 S.League title on the last day of the competition for the Warriors. With DPMM of Brunei leading the table until the last day, the Warriors scored a 1–0 win over Albirex Niigata Singapore and received a favour from Tampines Rovers, who beat DPMM 2–1 to hand Warriors their first title in 5 years and their 9th title in the league's 19-year history.

However, good times did not last for the Warriors. In November 2019, the team were brought to court and charged with 107 counts of not paying salaries for their staff. In total, they failed to pay more than S$350,000 in salaries to about 30 employees, including players, coaches and supporting staff.

2 days after the incident was reported, ST reported that there were 2 parties that were interested to take over Warriors FC.

On 31 December 2019, the FAS had instructed the Warriors to sit out the 2020 Singapore Premier League season due to their financial and legal issues. They applied to return to the Singapore Premier League and Singapore Cup competitions for 2021 to no avail.

Stadium
The Warriors were initially based at the Jurong Stadium until 2000, before permanetely moving to the 4,268 capacity Choa Chu Kang Stadium in 2001.

Permanently sealed success into history at Choa Chu Kang Stadium

The stadium has become familiar for its elegant and soaring curved white steel roof, with supporting pylons, that covers the main grandstand. The football pitch itself consists of a self-watering "cell-system" turf pitch installation, supplied from Switzerland and approved by FIFA for international competition. The club has won 6 League titles during their time here.

Before the 2015 SEA Games commenced, they had to vacate Choa Chu Kang Stadium and instead played their home matches at the Woodlands Stadium for the 2015 season instead.

Seasons

 * The 1996 season of the S.League was split into two series. Tiger Beer Series winners Geylang United defeated Pioneer Series winners Singapore Armed Forces in the championship play-off to clinch the S.League title.
 * 2003 saw the introduction of penalty shoot-outs if a match ended in a draw in regular time. Winners of penalty shoot-outs won two points instead of one.

Performance in AFC competitions

 * AFC Champions League: 3 appearances
 * 2009: Group stage
 * 2010: Group stage
 * 2015: Second qualifying round

 * Asian Club Championship: 3 appearances
 * 1999: First round
 * 2000: Second round
 * 2002: First round

 * AFC Cup: 4 appearances
 * 2007: Quarter-finals
 * 2008: Quarter-finals
 * 2013: Group stage
 * 2015: Group stage

 * AFC Cup Winners Cup: 2 appearances
 * 1998: Second round
 * 2001: First round

Top scorers
* Mirko Grabovac was naturalised from 2002 until he renounced his Singaporean citizenship in 2008.

* Aleksandar Đurić was naturalised since 2007.

Honours
League
 * Singapore Premier League (record)
 * Champions (9): 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2014
 * Runners-up (4): 1996, 1999, 2001, 2005

Cup
 * Singapore Cup
 * Champions (4): 1999, 2007, 2008, 2012
 * Runners-up (3): 1998, 2000, 2019
 * Singapore Community Shield
 * Champions (3): 2008, 2010, 2015
 * Runners-up (1): 2013
 * President's Cup
 * Champions (3): 1975, 1984, 1986

Reserve
 * Singapore FA Cup
 * Champions (4): 1997, 2006, 2008, 2017
 * Singapore League Cup
 * Runners-up (2): 2009, 2017

Top 10 all-time scorers

 * Biggest Wins: 9–0 vs Sembawang Rangers (On 15 June 2002)
 * Heaviest Defeats: 8–1 vs Home United (On 18 August 2004)
 * Youngest Goal scorers: Marijan Šuto ~ 19 years 7 months 3 days old (On 5 May 2016 vs DPMM)
 * Oldest Goal scorers: Aleksandar Đurić ~ 39 years 2 months 4 days old (On 16 October 2009 vs Sengkang Punggol)
 * Youngest ever debutant: Danial Zulkifli ~ 17 years 2 months 6 days old (On 25 July 2016 vs Geylang International)

Former managers
{| class="wikitable" !Manager !Career !Achievements – 2007, 2008, 2012 Singapore Cup – 2008, 2010 Singapore Community Shield
 * Hussein Aljunied
 * 7 March 1983 – 31 December 1988
 * – 1984, 1986 President's Cup
 * Ivan Raznevich
 * 1 January 1996 – 11 June 1996
 * 🇸🇬 Vincent Subramaniam
 * 11 June 1996 – 31 December 1998
 * – 1997, 1998 S.League
 * Mladen Pralija
 * 1 January 1999 – 30 November 1999
 * – 1999 Singapore Cup
 * 🇸🇬 Fandi Ahmad
 * 1 January 2000 – 30 November 2003
 * – 2000, 2002 S.League
 * 🏴 Jim Shoulder
 * 1 December 2003 – 30 November 2004
 * Kim Poulsen
 * 1 January 2005 – 31 October 2005
 * 🏴 Peter Butler
 * 1 January 2006 – 9 May 2006
 * 🇸🇬 Richard Bok
 * 9 May 2006 – 31 December 2012
 * – 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 S.League
 * Kim Poulsen
 * 1 January 2005 – 31 October 2005
 * 🏴 Peter Butler
 * 1 January 2006 – 9 May 2006
 * 🇸🇬 Richard Bok
 * 9 May 2006 – 31 December 2012
 * – 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 S.League
 * 1 January 2006 – 9 May 2006
 * 🇸🇬 Richard Bok
 * 9 May 2006 – 31 December 2012
 * – 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 S.League
 * 9 May 2006 – 31 December 2012
 * – 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 S.League
 * colspan="3" |
 * colspan="3" |

As Warriors FC
– 2015 Singapore Charity Shield
 * 🇸🇬 Vengadasalam Selvaraj
 * 1 January 2013 – 12 June 2013
 * 🏴 Alex Weaver
 * 12 June 2013 – 24 October 2015
 * – 2014 S.League
 * 🏴 Alex Weaver
 * 12 June 2013 – 24 October 2015
 * – 2014 S.League
 * 🇸🇬 Razif Onn
 * 26 October 31 – 1 December 2015
 * 🇲🇦 Karim Bencherifa
 * 1 December 2015 – 6 January 2016
 * 🇩🇪 Jörg Steinebrunner
 * 6 January 2016 – 14 May 2016
 * 🇸🇬 Razif Onn (2)
 * 14 May 2016 – 1 January 2018
 * Mirko Grabovac
 * 15 January 2018 – 1 November 2018
 * 🇸🇬 Azlan Alipah
 * 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2019
 * }
 * 🇸🇬 Razif Onn (2)
 * 14 May 2016 – 1 January 2018
 * Mirko Grabovac
 * 15 January 2018 – 1 November 2018
 * 🇸🇬 Azlan Alipah
 * 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2019
 * }
 * 🇸🇬 Azlan Alipah
 * 1 January 2019 – 31 December 2019
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: Warriors FC


text:
Mitch Murphy

P. Mitchell Murphy (born October 28, 1962 ) is a retired Canadian educator and former politician in the province of Prince Edward Island. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1996 to 2007. He is a member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Career
Murphy was born in Kensington, Prince Edward Island, the son of Earle and Donna Murphy. A graduate of the University of Prince Edward Island with a graduate degree in education from Saint Mary's University, he served in the PEI Cabinet in a variety of different positions: Minister of Community Affairs and Attorney General (1996–98), Minister Responsible for Acadian and Francophone Affairs (1996–2003), Minister of Technology and Environment (1998–2000), Provincial Treasurer (2003–07), Minister Responsible for the Public Service Commission (2003–07), Minister Responsible for the PEI Harness Racing Commission (2003–07). In 2007, Murphy was reprimanded in the legislature for failing to disclose that he was a shareholder in his father's company. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 2007.

Personal life
Murphy lives in Kensington with his wife Anne Marie (née Aylward) and two daughters, Emily and Mairead.

title: Mitch Murphy


text:
Abel Maldonado

Abel O. Maldonado Jr. (born August 21, 1967) is an American politician who served as the 48th lieutenant governor of California from April 27, 2010 to January 10, 2011. As of 2024, Maldonado is the last member of the Republican Party to officially serve as Lieutenant Governor of California to date.

Elected to the Santa Maria City Council in 1994, Maldonado then served as mayor of Santa Maria from 1996 to 1998, when he was elected to the California State Assembly. He served in that body from 1998 to 2004 and then in the California State Senate from 2004 to 2010, running unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for California State Controller in 2006. Maldonado was the first Republican in the State Senate to vote for the budget during the budget deadlock in 2007. He represented a swing district in the Senate and is considered a moderate.

On November 23, 2009, then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced Maldonado as his nominee for lieutenant governor to fill the vacancy created by Democrat John Garamendi's election to the United States House of Representatives. Maldonado was sworn into office on April 27, 2010 and was defeated in the 2010 lieutenant gubernatorial election by Democratic San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom.

Maldonado ran for California's 24th congressional district in the 2012 elections, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Lois Capps. In May 2013, he announced that he was running for governor in the 2014 election, but dropped out in January 2014 after unsuccessful fundraising efforts and campaign missteps. In 2017, Maldonado was considered for the role of United States secretary of agriculture by Donald Trump, but was ultimately not nominated.

Early life and education
Maldonado was born in Santa Maria, California, the eldest son of immigrant Mexican farm workers. His family eventually acquired a small family farm, where they grew strawberries. After Maldonado graduated from Santa Maria High School, his family used their earnings from the farm to send him to California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, where he studied crop science, but dropped out before completing his degree. Maldonado then returned to his family's farm and helped his family grow the half-acre strawberry farm into a 6,000-acre (24 km²) farm, employing 250 people, with produce shipped around the world.

Santa Maria city politics
After months of attempting to obtain a building permit from the city of Santa Maria to construct a cooling facility on the farm, Maldonado grew disillusioned with the city bureaucracy and decided to run for the Santa Maria City Council in 1994 at the age of 26. In 1996, at the age of 28, Councilman Maldonado successfully ran for mayor, defeating the incumbent Mayor Robert Gordon Bunch and retiree George Hobbs 40%-39%-21%, a margin of 70 votes.

Elections
In 1998, at the age of 31, Mayor Maldonado was elected to the California State Assembly with 60% of the vote in the 33rd District, representing San Luis Obispo County and western Santa Barbara County. Maldonado was re-elected in 2000 with 65% of the vote and in 2002 with 63% of the vote.

Tenure
During his Assembly tenure, Maldonado was named "Hero of the Taxpayer" by the Americans for Tax Reform. He led issues such as seat belts in school buses and California Workers Compensation Reform.

Committee assignments
He was on the Business and Professions committee.

Elections
In 2004, Maldonado was elected to the California State Senate by a margin of 53% to 43% over his Democratic opponent, San Luis Obispo County Supervisor Peg Pinard, in a district evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans. The 15th District included San Luis Obispo County, most of Monterey County, eastern Santa Cruz County, portions of northwestern Santa Barbara County, and portions of southwestern Santa Clara County.

Tenure
In March 2005, a San Luis Obispo weekly newspaper revealed that Maldonado had received $30,987 in gifts from an organization representing California's power industry. Those gifts included multiple trips to Australia, Africa and Europe. The story suggested that the gifts might have motivated Maldonado to object to a seismic safety bill that could potentially have threatened Diablo Canyon Power Plant's license to operate. According to the story, Maldonado snapped at the reporter, "“I have never, ever, ever connected monetary resources with a bill or a special company in my area. For somebody to even suggest that is disappointing."

Maldonado signed a "No New Taxes" pledge before his election which he later claimed to regret as he cast a vote for higher taxes.

In February 2009, Maldonado was initially among the Republican senators rejecting a series of bills designed to close the $41 billion state budget deficit, but he later joined the Democrats in supporting the measures.

A committee indicated that it might pursue a recall campaign against Maldonado because of his vote on the budget. The same threat was made against other Republicans in the "Sacramento Six", but none of the recall campaigns came to anything. (Most of the recall energy was directed against Anthony Adams.)

In response to his critics, including Steve Poizner, Maldonado said, "Since the budget was passed, you have gone around the state criticizing it and the role six Republicans played in its passage. Your recent statements condemning Propositions 1A-1F are very frustrating. During the budget debate, which lasted over 100 days, I heard from thousands of Californians who took the time to give me their input on the state budget. But I never heard from you."

Committee assignments
In December 2006, he was named Chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee.

 * Budget and Fiscal Review
 * Education
 * Health
 * Veterans Affairs
 * Food and Agriculture (Vice Chair)
 * Human Services (Vice Chair)

2006 state controller election
In 2005, Maldonado declared his candidacy for the office of California State Controller after Controller Steve Westly decided to run for governor. Maldonado was defeated in the June 6, 2006 Republican primary by Tony Strickland.

Following his loss, Maldonado publicly criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger for not supporting his campaign more forcefully, suggesting that Schwarzenegger did not care about Hispanics, when he told the Los Angeles Times that "[w]hen [Schwarzenegger] needs Latinos, Latinos are always there for him. When Latinos need him, the answer's been no." Maldonado issued a public apology for the comment. He also maintained that he would not run for any further political office after his state Senate service; he was re-elected to the Senate in 2008 with 63% of the vote.

Nomination

On November 3, 2009, Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi resigned to take a seat in Congress. On the November 23, 2009, episode of The Jay Leno Show, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced that he was nominating Maldonado as lieutenant governor. Schwarzenegger cited Maldonado's "bipartisanship and postpartisanship...He makes decisions based on what's best for the people rather than what's best for the party. He has helped us, many times, pass a budget, which was very important. And he comes from an immigrant family..."

Maldonado needed to be confirmed by a majority vote of the State Senate and a majority vote of the State Assembly within 90 days of the nomination in order to take office as lieutenant governor. In a statement released by the Governor's office, Schwarzenegger called Maldonado a "true partner" and cited his willingness "to reach across the partisan divide" and "commitment to creating a transparent, accountable government" in California.

Tenure
On February 11, 2010, Maldonado was confirmed as lieutenant governor by the state Senate by a 26-7 vote. However, his nomination was not approved by the State Assembly. Needing 41 votes (in the 80-seat Assembly) for confirmation in the lower chamber, he received 37 votes in favor, with 35 votes against.

Based upon the vote in the Legislature, Governor Schwarzenegger considered having Maldonado sworn into office, which may have set up a legal battle with Democrats. Instead, Schwarzenegger resubmitted the nomination of Maldonado on February 17. Maldonado received confirmation from the Assembly on April 22, 2010 by a 53-21 vote and from the Senate on April 26, 2010 by a 25-7 vote. He was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor on April 27, 2010.

2010 election
Maldonado ran for the Republican nomination for the office in June and won with 43.4% of the vote. Maldonado was defeated on November 2, 2010 by Democratic San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom.

2012 congressional campaign
In 2011, Maldonado announced his intention to challenge U.S. Representative Lois Capps, a Democrat, for her seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2012 elections.

Maldonado was defeated by Capps in the election by a 55.2% to 44.8% margin.

2014 run for governor
On May 20, 2013, Maldonado announced he would seek the Republican nomination for the 2014 California gubernatorial election.

On June 28, 2013, Maldonado came out in support of the Supreme Court's ruling that cleared the way for same-sex marriage in California, and said that same-sex couples should be afforded the same rights and protections as heterosexual couples. Although Maldonado had supported Proposition 8 in 2008, he reversed his position in 2011 when a cousin revealed that he was gay. He also said his four children helped change his position.

Maldonado withdrew from the race on January 16, 2014. His campaign was beset by problems: he accused Governor Brown of things that occurred years before he was elected, he struggled to raise money, his campaign's senior staff left in September 2013, and his campaign failed to gain traction after the entry of fellow Republicans Tim Donnelly and Neel Kashkari into the race. In announcing his withdrawal, Maldonado said: "Now is not my time... I know it's cliché to say I am not running so I can spend more time with my family. Everybody says that. But the truth is, that is, a major factor in my decision today. I have missed some birthdays, family holidays and even anniversaries. From this day forward [my wife] now controls my schedule."

Potential Trump administration appointment
In January 2017, it was reported by CNN that Maldonado was an early frontrunner to serve as United States secretary of agriculture in the cabinet of then-President-elect Donald Trump. His potential nomination was supported by the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials. However, Sonny Perdue was ultimately chosen for the role instead, a move that was criticized by former Governor Schwarzenegger.

Personal life
He is married to Laura Maldonado and has four children.

title: Abel Maldonado


text: User talk:210.50.176.78

title: User talk:210.50.176.78


text:
Talk:Water howellia

(For Wikipedia users, I'm providing feedback on this article as part of a biology class. Please give time for the changes to be made.)

First of all, good article. I seem harsh because I love Wikipedia, and I've begun editing multiple articles. So I'm really sorry. You've done your research, and I've learned quite a bit about the Water howellia. It's really sad that it's endangered. Maybe we could genetically engineer it to avoid humans? Just kidding.

Try a photo. I uploaded one, and to insert the picture into the article, copy this text into your article:

and it will look like the picture to the left.

I don't believe that Grey discovered the Water howellia. I know it says this on the website that you looked at, but when I did research it seemed that Gray is actually a current researcher in the field, and the plant was discovered by Thomas and Joseph Howell in 1897 on Sauvie Island. See i.e., http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=2278

Your citations seem to be incorrect. Please list the actual website authors in the citation, not the original authors. Then link them to the place you found them, if on the internet, at the bottom of your article.

The Water Howellia article uses different capitilization techniques for Water Howellia. I'm not sure which one you want to use, but keep it consistent.

Change this sentence in plant life, because of comma and verb agreement errors:

''The seeds, however, need high level of oxygen to germinate. Germination occurs in the fall.''

You can create a link to germination by adding Germination in your page.

The following sentence is awkward, and use lose, not loose:

''When the wetlands or ponds start to loose water or dry up the flowers and fruit stop growing and start to disappear. So the spreading of seeds from the fruit depends on the season and how long it will last.''

In the following sentence, states is spelled incorrectly. Furthermore, the demonstrative adjective (thanks google) is referring to something that is mentioned in the first paragraph. Please change the following sentence (suggestion):

These states are becoming...

to:

The states where Water Howellia plants live are being developed, and houses and roads are taking up the habitat of the flower.

The next sentence after this is a fragment and is also awkward.

Link germination in the next sentence by adding a Germination tag.

The sentence beginning with Some other reason needs to be changed, also. There are multiple reasons, so a disagreement exists between the predicate and the subject. Change this beginning to, Other reasons include the change....

Delete the last sentence. I don't think you need a conclusion sentence for a Wikipedia article, and this just adds to the clutter of the article.

Also, you might want to start the Howellia page. It's not started, but you could put a link to your article as an example.

title: Talk:Water howellia


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User talk:Lunar shadows

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Sasquatch′↔T↔C 01:07, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Cookie12
Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 01:08, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

Cookbook
Hello! Sorry to bother you again, but I noticed your article on Vanilla Crisps. I don't know if you're aware or not but Wikipedia is not a cookbook, however Cookbook is! I'm sure they'd always like a new contributor. Thanks! And if you have anymore question, feel free to contact me on my talk page. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 01:27, July 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lunar shadows


text:
Mayanism

Mayanism is a non-codified eclectic collection of New Age beliefs, influenced in part by Pre-Columbian Maya mythology and some folk beliefs of the modern Maya peoples.

Contemporary Mayanism places less emphasis on contacts between the ancient Maya and lost lands than in the work of early writers such as Godfrey Higgins, Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg and Augustus Le Plongeon, alluding instead to possible contacts with extraterrestrial life. However, it continues to include references to Atlantis. Notions about extraterrestrial influence on the Maya can be traced to the book Chariots of the Gods? by Erich von Däniken, whose ancient astronaut theories were in turn influenced by the work of Peter Kolosimo and especially the team of Jacques Bergier and Louis Pauwels, authors of Le Matin des magiciens. These latter writers were inspired by the fantasy literature of H. P. Lovecraft and publications by Charles Fort. However, there remain elements of fascination with lost continents and lost civilizations, especially as popularized by 19th century science fiction and speculative fiction by authors such as Jules Verne, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and H. Rider Haggard.

Mayanism experienced a revival in the 1970s through the work of Frank Waters, a writer on the subject of Hopi mythology. His Book of the Hopi is rejected "as largely ersatz by Hopi traditionalists". In 1970, Waters was the recipient of a Rockefeller Foundation grant to support research in Mexico and Central America. This resulted in his 1975 book Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth World of Consciousness, a discussion of Mesoamerican culture strongly colored by Waters' beliefs in astrology, prophecy, and the lost continent of Atlantis. It has gained new momentum in the context of the 2012 phenomenon, especially as presented in the work of New Age author John Major Jenkins, who asserts that Mayanism is "the essential core ideas or teachings of Maya religion and philosophy" in his 2009 book The 2012 Story: The Myths, Fallacies, and Truth Behind the Most Intriguing Date in History.

Mayanism has gained renewed vigor due to pseudoscientific nonfiction by authors such as Erich von Däniken, Zecharia Sitchin, and Graham Hancock, whose theories range from invoking ancient astronauts and other extraterrestrials from outer space to revivals of the idea that ancient peoples from lost lands brought wisdom and technology to the Mayas. The implication of this is that the Mayas had access to aspects of ancient knowledge, spiritualism, philosophy, and religion that are useful for coping with the modern world, whether by avoiding Armageddon, embracing a mystical Apocalypse, or constructing a future Utopia.

Mayanism has a complex history that draws from many different sources on the fringes of mainstream archaeology. It has gained growing attention through its influence on popular culture through pulp fiction, science fiction, fantasy literature, and more recently cinema, graphic novels, fantasy role-playing games, and video games. It has also drawn inspiration from the success of The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield, a novel that refers to the fictional discovery of a Pre-Columbian self-help manuscript in South America.

Mayanism has been promoted by specific publishing houses, most notably Inner Traditions – Bear & Company, which has produced a number of books on the theme of 2012 by authors such as José Argüelles, John Major Jenkins, Carl Johan Calleman, and Barbara Hand Clow. Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc. has published works by New Age authors Daniel Pinchbeck and John Major Jenkins that have further contributed to a growing interest in Mayanism.

History
Mayanism can be traced to sources such as the sixteenth-century book Utopia by Thomas More, who developed the concept of a utopia in the New World (an idea first explored by Christopher Columbus in his 1501 Book of Prophecies). During the eighteenth century, speculations about the origins of ancient Maya civilization sought to associate Maya history with Biblical stories of Noah's Ark, the Tower of Babel, and the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. This included speculation about legendary culture heroes such as Votan and Quetzalcoatl.

In the early nineteenth century, Alexander von Humboldt and Lord Kingsborough contributed further to such speculation. Humboldt and Kingsborough were in turn cited by Godfrey Higgins, whose Anacalypsis (1833) contributed to the emergence of perennial philosophy and claims that all religions had a common, ancient origin in a Golden Age of the distant past.

In the late nineteenth-century, Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg made significant academic contributions (including re-discovery of the Popol Vuh), but towards the end of his career became convinced that the ancient Maya culture could be traced to the lost continent of Atlantis. For example, in 1857 Brasseur identified Votan as a Phoenician ruler who founded Palenque and in an article published in 1872 attributed mythological Mesoamerican cataclysms to an early version of pole shift theory. Brasseur's work, some of which was illustrated by the talented but very inaccurate Jean-Frédéric Waldeck, influenced other works of pseudoscience and pseudohistory, such as the research of Désiré Charnay, Augustus Le Plongeon, Ignatius L. Donnelly, and James Churchward. Le Plongeon and Donnelly in turn influenced the work of writers such as Madame Blavatsky who brought misconceptions about the ancient Maya into early New Age circles. These ideas became part of a belief system fostered by psychic Edgar Cayce in the early twentieth century and later popularized in the 1960s by author Jess Stearn. One example of early Mayanism is the creation of a group called the Mayan Temple by Harold D. Emerson of Brooklyn, a self-proclaimed Maya priest who edited a serial publication titled The Mayan, Devoted to Spiritual Enlightenment and Scientific Religion between 1933 and 1941. Attempts at a synthesis of religion and science, a common theme in Mayanism, are one of the contributions from Theosophy while Emerson would be an early example of a plastic shaman in Mayanism.

Basic beliefs
Mayanism has no central doctrine. However, a basic premise is that the ancient Maya understood aspects of the human experience and human consciousness that remain poorly understood in modern Western culture. This includes insights into cosmology and eschatology as well as lost knowledge of advanced technology and ecology that, when known, can be used to improve the human condition and create a future Utopia. However, as a New Age belief system, Mayanism scorns academic scholarship, giving preference to knowledge gained through revelation and prophecy and to traditional knowledge. The beliefs of Mayanism tend to be characterized by a combination of esotericism and syncretism, rather than being the result of either formal controlled field research or detailed scholarly research that has been based on a broad range of primary sources.

December 21, 2012
The significance of this date in Mayanism stems from the ending of the current baktun cycle of the Maya calendar in 2012, which many believed would create a global "consciousness shift" and the beginning of a new age. This has come to be known as the 2012 phenomenon. Speculation about this date can be traced to the first edition of The Maya (1966) by Michael D. Coe, in which he suggested the date of December 24, 2011 as one on which the Maya believed "Armageddon would overtake the degenerate peoples of the world and all creation." This date became the subject of speculation by Frank Waters, who devotes two chapters to its interpretation, including discussion of an astrological chart for this date and its association with Hopi prophecies in Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth World of Consciousness (1975). The significance of the year 2012 (but not a specific day) was mentioned briefly by José Argüelles in The Transformative Vision: Reflections on the Nature and History of Human Expression (1975) and (without reference to the ancient Maya) by Terence McKenna and Dennis McKenna in The Invisible Landscape: Mind, Hallucinogens, and the I Ching (1975).

Waters' book inspired further speculation in the mid-1980s, including revision of the date by the McKennas, Argüelles, and John Major Jenkins to one corresponding with the winter solstice in 2012. Interpretations of the date became the subject of further speculation by José Argüelles in The Mayan Factor: Path Beyond Technology (1987), promoted for the 1987 Harmonic Convergence. It received further elaboration in the Novelty theory of Terence McKenna. The supposed prediction of an astronomical conjunction of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy with the winter solstice Sun on December 21, 2012, referred to by Jenkins in Maya Cosmogenesis 2012: The True Meaning of the Maya Calendar End-Date (1998) and Galactic Alignment:The Transformation of Consciousness According to Mayan, Egyptian, and Vedic Traditions (2002) as having been predicted by the ancient Maya and others, is a much-anticipated event in Mayanism. Although Jenkins suggests that ancient Maya knowledge of this event was based on observations of the Dark Rift in the Milky Way as seen from Earth (this dark rift, it is said by some Mayan scholars, was believed by some Mayans to be one of the entrances to Xibalba), others see it as evidence of knowledge imparted via ancient contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. The relevance of modern Dark Rift observations to pre-Columbian and traditional Maya beliefs is strongly debated, and academic archaeologists reject all theories regarding extraterrestrial contact, but it is clear that the promotion of Mayanism through interest in 2012 is contributing to the evolution of religious syncretism in contemporary Maya communities. Psychonaut author Daniel Pinchbeck popularized New Age concepts about this date, linking it to beliefs about crop circles, alien abduction, and personal revelations based on the use of entheogens and mediumship in his 2006 book 2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl.

Carl Johan Calleman differs in that he sees 28 October 2011 and not 21 December 2012 as the pivotal end date. Calleman does not see the date as an apocalypse but a slow transformation of consciousness with people beginning to experience a higher 'unity consciousness'.

Mayanism, shamanism, and "Toltecs"
Shamanism has become a significant component of Mayanism, in part due to the scholarly interpretation of ancient Maya rulers as shamans and the popularity of Carlos Castaneda, whose books described his apprenticeship to a Yaqui sorcerer. However, Castaneda's work is seen as being fictional, inaccurate, misleading, and plagiaristic, and there is substantial evidence to support the interpretation that both "Carlos" (a character in Castaneda's books) and don Juan (the sorcerer) are fictional creations. Although the Yaqui are indigenous to the Sonoran Desert region of northern Mexico and southern Arizona, far from the Maya region, Mayanism often conflates the concept of Toltec (Castaneda) with the Toltec who interacted with the ancient Maya. This stems from 19th century speculations by Brasseur and Charnay about the Toltecs as a white, Aryan race that brought advanced civilization to the Americas either through a migration from Asia across the Bering Strait (according to Charnay) or emigration from the lost continent of Atlantis (according to Brasseur).

title: Mayanism


text:
Rocky Votolato

Rocky Votolato (born March 8, 1977, in Dallas, Texas, United States), is an American indie and folk singer-songwriter. He was also a member of the rock group Waxwing. He currently lives in Seattle, Washington.

Biography
Rocky Votolato was formerly the singer of a punk quartet Waxing in the 90s before leaving in 1999 to pursue a solo career. He released several albums between 1999 and 2008. In 2015, he released the record Hospital Handshakes with Death Cab For Cutie member Chris Walla. After 2015, he went on a hiatus until 2022 when he released the album Wild Roots. Every song on Wild Roots is based on one of his family members.

He has been married to his wife, April Votolato, for over 10 years, and they live in Seattle. Their child Kienan died at age 22 in a car accident in December 2021.

In 2022, Rocky Votolato played two sold-out shows in Denver, Colorado.

Solo

 * Rocky Votolato (1999) (Status Recordings)
 *  Rocky V/Seth Warren 7" (1999) (Redwood Records)
 *  A Brief History (2000) (Your Best Guess)
 *  Rocky V/Suffering & The Thieves 7" (2002) (Velvet Blue Music)
 * Burning My Travels Clean (LP) (2002) (Second Nature Recordings)
 *  The Light and the Sound  (EP) (2003) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * Suicide Medicine (2003) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * Makers (2006) (Second Nature Recordings) (Barsuk)
 * End Like This (EP) (2007) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * The Brag and Cuss (2007) (Barsuk)
 * True Devotion (2010) (Barsuk)
 *  Television of Saints  (2012) (Undertow Music Collective)
 *  Hospital Handshakes  (2015) (No Sleep Records)
 *  Live at Black Belt  (2017) (Rocket Heart Records)
 *  Wild Roots (2022) (Spartan Records)

Waxwing

 * Waxwing 7" (1999) (Henry's Finest Recordings)
 * For Madmen Only (1999) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * One for the Ride (2000) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * Intervention:Collection+Remix (2001) (Second Nature Recordings)
 * Nobody Can Take What Everybody Owns (2002) (Second Nature Recordings)

Lying On Loot

 * Split 7" with State Route 522 (1996) (Henry's Finest Recordings)

title: Rocky Votolato


text:
Steve Thompson

Steve, Steven or Stephen Thompson (or Thomson) may refer to:

Association football

 * Stephen Thompson (football chairman), chairman of Scottish football club Dundee United
 * Steve Thompson (footballer, born 1955), English-born football defender and manager, who played for Lincoln City and Charlton Athletic
 * Steve Thompson (footballer, born 1963), English-born footballer with Bristol City and Wycombe, and player and manager with Yeovil
 * Steve Thompson (footballer, born 1964), English-born footballer who played for Bolton Wanderers and Leicester
 * Steve Thompson (footballer, born 1972), English footballer for Gillingham
 * Steve Thompson (footballer, born 1989), English-born footballer who played for Port Vale
 * Steven Thompson (Scottish footballer) (born 1978), Scottish footballer and pundit, who played for Dundee United, Rangers, Cardiff City, Burnley and St. Mirren.
 * Steven Thomson (born 1978), Scottish footballer, currently at Dover Athletic

Other sports

 * Stephen Thompson (fighter) (born 1983), American MMA fighter
 * Steve Thompson (rugby union) (born 1978), English rugby union player
 * Stephen Thompson (basketball) (born 1968), American basketball coach and former player
 * Stevie Thompson (born 1997), American basketball player
 * Steve Thompson (defensive tackle, born 1945), American football defensive tackle
 * Steve Thompson (defensive tackle, born 1965) (1965–2016), American football defensive tackle

Other people

 * Stephen W. Thompson (1894–1977), American aviator of World War I
 * Steve Thompson (musician), American record producer and mixer
 * Steve Thompson (songwriter) (born 1952), British musician, songwriter and record producer
 * Stephen Thompson (journalist) (born 1972), American music journalist
 * Steve Thompson (writer) (born 1967), British playwright and screenwriter
 * Steven L. Thompson (born 1948), American motorcycling writer
 * Steve M. Thompson (born 1944), American politician (Alaska)
 * Steve Thompson (Georgia politician) (born 1950), state senator from Georgia (U.S. state)
 * Steve Thompson (Louisiana politician) (born 1935), state senator from Franklin Parish from 1988 to 1996
 * Steve Thomson (politician), British Columbia MLA

title: Steve Thompson


text:
Category:Zoos in Australia

This category is for articles about zoos in Australia.

title: Category:Zoos in Australia