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High-net-worth individual

High-net-worth individual (HNWI) is a technical term used in the financial services industry for people who maintain liquid assets at or above a certain threshold. Typically, they are defined as holding financial assets (excluding their primary residence) valued over US$1 million. A secondary level, a very-high-net-worth individual (VHNWI), refers to someone with a net worth of at least US$5 million. The terminal level, an ultra-high-net-worth individual (UHNWI), holds US$30 million in investible assets (adjusted for inflation). Individuals with a net worth of over US$1 billion are considered to occupy a special bracket of the UHNWI. These thresholds are broadly used in studies of wealth inequality, government regulation, investment suitability requirements, marketing, financing standards, and general corporate strategy.

, it was estimated that there are just over 16 million HNWIs in the world, according to the World's Wealthiest Cities Report 2024 by Henley & Partners. The United States had the highest number of HNWIs (5.5 million) of any country, with California, Texas, New York, Florida, and Illinois domiciling the majority stateside. New York City is the wealthiest and most populous city, with 349,500 HNWIs. UHNWIs constitute only 0.003% of the world's population and hold 13% of the world's total wealth. In 2017, 226,450 people were designated as UHNWI, with their combined total wealth increasing to $27 trillion.

Definition
High-net-worth individual (HNWI) refers to people who maintain assets at or above a certain threshold. Typically, they are defined as holding financial assets (excluding their primary residence) with a value over US$1 million. A secondary level, a very-high-net-worth individual (VHNWI), refers to someone with a net worth of at least US$5 million. An ultra-high-net-worth individual (UHNWI) holds at least US$30 million in investable assets (adjusted for inflation). At last count, there were 211,275 UHNWIs in the world, with a total combined net worth of US$29.7 trillion. Billionaires are a special category of UHNWI, having net worth in excess of US$1 billion. According to the Billionaire Census 2014, there were 2,325 billionaires in the world, with a combined net worth of US$7.3 trillion. In 2014, they represented just over 1% of the world's UHNW population and 24% of the world's UHNW total wealth. The June 27, 2017 "World Ultra Wealth Report" analysed the state of the world's ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) population, or those with $30m or more in net worth. The number of UHNWIs globally grew 3.5% to 226,450. Their combined total wealth increased by 1.5% to $27 trillion. According to Credit Suisse, there were 264,200 UHNWIs with net worth above US$50 million at the end of 2021. According to The Knight Frank Wealth Report, HNWI can refer to someone with a net worth of at least US$1 million, while UHNWI can refer to someone with a net worth of at least US$30 million.

United States: SEC regulations
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requires all SEC-registered investment advisers to periodically file a report known as Form ADV. Form ADV requires each investment adviser to state how many of their clients are "high-net-worth individuals", among other details; its Glossary of Terms explains that a "high-net-worth individual" is a person who is either a "qualified client" under rule 205-3 of the Advisers Act (currently a person with at least $1,100,000 managed by the reporting investment adviser, or whose net worth the investment adviser reasonably believes exceeds $2,200,000 without counting their primary residence) or who is a "qualified purchaser" as defined in section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act of 1940). The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act mandates that the definition of a qualified client be reviewed every five years and adjusted for inflation. For SEC purposes, a person's net worth may include assets held jointly with their spouse. Unlike the definitions used in the financial and banking trade, the SEC's definition of HNWI includes the value of a person's verifiable non-financial assets, such as a primary residence or art collection.

Annual World Wealth Report
The World Wealth Report was co-published by Merrill Lynch and Capgemini, previously known as Cap Gemini Ernst & Young who worked together since c. 1993, investigating the "needs of high-net-worth individuals" to "successfully serve this market segment". Their first annual World Wealth Report was published in 1996. The World Wealth Report defines HNWIs as those who hold at least US$1 million in assets excluding primary residence and UHNWIs as those who hold at least US$30 million in assets excluding primary residence. The report states that in 2008 there were 8.6 million HNWIs worldwide, a decline of 14.9% from 2007. The total HNWI wealth worldwide totaled US$32.8 trillion, a 19.5% decrease from 2007. The UHNWIs experienced the greater loss, losing 24.6% in population and 23.9% in accumulated wealth. The report revised its 2007 projections that HNWI financial wealth would reach US$59.1 trillion by 2012 and revised this downward to a 2013 HNWI wealth valued at $48.5 trillion advancing at an annual rate of 8.1%. The "World Ultra Wealth Report", on UHNW populations—those with "$30m or more in net worth"—which was published on June 27, 2017, "this year revealed global growth of 3.5% to 226,450 individuals and a 1.5% increase of their total combined wealth to $27 trillion."

The 2018 World Wealth Report was jointly produced by Capgemini and RBC Wealth Management and included, for the first time, the Global HNW Insights Survey produced in collaboration with Scorpio Partnership. The inaugural survey represented one of the largest and most in-depth surveys of HNWIs ever conducted, surveying more than 4,400 across 21 major wealth markets in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa.

The World Wealth Report has estimated the number and combined investable wealth of high-net-worth individuals as follows (using the United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation Calculator):

Markets
Certain products cater to the wealthy, whose conspicuous consumption of luxury goods and services includes, for example: mansions, yachts, first-class airline tickets and private jets, and personal umbrella insurance. As economic growth has made historically expensive items affordable for the middle-class, purchases have trended towards intangible products such as education. In the United States, concierge medicine is an emerging trend as of 2017.

Banking and finance
Most global banks, such as Santander, Barclays, BNP Paribas, Citibank, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, and UBS, have a separate business unit with designated teams consisting of client advisors and product specialists exclusively for UHNWI. These clients are often considered to have characteristics similar to institutional investors because the vast majority of their net worth and current income is derived from passive sources rather than labor.

By 2006, asset managers working for HNW individuals invested more than £300 billion on behalf of their clients. These wealth managers are bankers who in 2006, earned multimillion-pound salaries and owned their own companies and equity funds. In 2006, a list of the 50 top investment bankers was published by the Spear's Wealth Management Survey.

Magazines
Certain magazines, such as Monocle, Robb Report, and Worth, are designed for a high net worth audience.

Retail
Brands in various sectors, such as Bentley, Maybach, and Rolls-Royce actively target UHNWI and HNWI to sell their products. In 2006, Rolls-Royce researchers suggested there were 80,000 people in ultra-high-net-worth category around the world. UHNW individuals "have, on average, eight cars and three or four homes. Three-quarters own a jet aircraft and most have a yacht."

Number of HNWIs per city
, New York is the wealthiest city in the world with 340,000 HNWIs according to the World's Wealthiest Cities Report 2023 by Henley & Partners.

Number of millionaires per city (metro)
The following list is a list of the cities with the most $US millionaires as of December 2018 per the 2019 World Ultra Wealth Report published by Wealth-X.

Number of UHNWIs per city
There are three different sources compiling these statistics for cities: the most recent data is from Altrata, which found that the four cities with the highest number of ultra-high net worth individuals, as of 2023, were New York City (16,630), Hong Kong (12,546), Los Angeles (8,955), and Tokyo (6,445).

Below are previous rankings from Wealth-X and the Knight Frank Wealth Report:

The World Ultra Wealth Report 2013 was co-published by Wealth-X and UBS. The fifth edition of the report was published on June 27, 2017. Previous World Ultra Wealth Reports were published independently by Wealth-X, in 2011 and 2012 respectively.

Boston Consulting Group Global Wealth Report
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) 2014 Global Wealth Report, shows that liquid wealth of the super-rich, referenced as Ultra-High-Net-Worth households, had increased by 20% in 2013. BCG uses a household definition of UHNW, which places only those with more than $100 million liquid financial wealth into the UHNW-category, more than the usual $30 million, with which the ultra-category had been created in 2007. They control 5.5% of global financial wealth. 5,000 of them live in the US, followed by China, Britain and Germany. BCG expects the trend toward more concentrated wealth to continue unabated. While financial wealth of the sub-millionaires is expected to increase by 3.7% annually until 2019, the expected growth rate for the super-rich is 9.1%. The share of this group in global financial wealth would thus increase to 6.5% by 2019.

UHNW characteristics
By 2013, 65% of the world's UHNW population was self-made, as opposed to 19% who had inherited their fortune and 16% who had inherited and grown their wealth. These proportions change dramatically by gender. In the 2013 report, it was revealed that only 12% of the world's UHNW population is female, and of these, only 33% are self-made, as opposed to 70% of male UHNW. According to the same 2013 report, twenty-two percent of self-made UHNW individuals have derived their wealth from finance, banking and investment. Almost 15% of individuals with inherited wealth are engaged in non-profit and social organisations. As of 2014, Asia's growth was expected to continue, and this change in demographics has significant impact on the various organizations that target UHNW individuals, such as luxury companies, financial institutions, charities and universities.

Number of UHNWIs per country
The following is a list of the countries with the most Ultra high-net-worth individuals (UHNWI) as of 2023 as per the 2024 Knight Frank's Wealth Report.

Billionaire Census
The Billionaire Census is a co-publication of Wealth-X and UBS. In 2013 for example, the average net worth of the world's billionaire is US$3 billion, with a liquidity on average of 18% of net worth. 60% of the world's billionaires are self-made, 20% have inherited their fortune and 20% have both inherited and grown their wealth. 18% of the world's billionaires have derived their wealth from finance, banking and investment; as opposed to 9% from industrial conglomerates and 7% from the real estate industry. The average billionaire is 62 years old, and 89% of the world's billionaires are male. Approximately 68% of them have a bachelor's degree or higher levels of education.

UHNWI role in economies: luxury industry and UHNW individuals as consumers
UHNWIs are important not only to the finance, banking and investment industry but also to luxury companies who target them, charities, universities, and schools, among others. UHNWIs are notable players in the field of philanthropy; many have their own private foundations and support a variety of causes, from education to poverty relief.

Financial institutions are known for their targeting of UHNWIs, having specific parts of their bank designed to manage the wealth of their UHNW clients. In addition, research on the UHNW is particularly important with upcoming intergenerational wealth transfers in the UHNW population. For example, as of 2014, luxury companies typically target UHNW as a separate segment of their clientele. Daily Finance in 2014, projected that growth in Asia's UHNW population looked promising for the future of the luxury industry.

The India's Economic Times said in 2014 that, despite the luxury industry's troubled year with China's luxury spenders, luxury industry experts continued to be optimistic for their long-term performance, especially from UHNWIs. According to Savills and Wealth-X, in 2014, UHNWIs are particularly relevant to the real estate sector, with the total UHNW population's real estate holdings accounting for over US$5 trillion by 2014, or 3% of the world's real estate holdings. This is a huge proportion considering this population is only 0.003% of the world's population.

Offshore bank
By 2012, according to Reuters, the UHNW individuals held $32 trillion in offshore havens.

Migration of HNWIs by country
The following table shows the countries with the highest net inflows of HNWIs in 2024 according to the annual Henley & Partners Wealth Migration Report. Figures have been rounded to the nearest 100.

title: High-net-worth individual


text: User talk:80.131.0.46

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:80.131.0.46


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Sándor Kisfaludy

Sándor Kisfaludy (27 September 1772 – 28 October 1844) was a Hungarian lyric poet, Himfy's Loves his chief work, was less distinguished as a dramatist. He is considered to be the first romantic poet from Hungary. He was the brother of Károly Kisfaludy. He has been set to music by Zoltán Kodály.

Biography
He was born in a Hungarian noble family in the town of Sümeg, in Zala county. His father was Mihály Kisfaludy (1743–1825), landowner and chief magistrate (főszolgabíró), and his mother was the noble lady Anna Sándorffy (1755–1788). He first started building a career as a military officer. He served in Vienna as an officer in the imperial army, and then took part in the war against Napoleon, defending Milan. In June 1796, during the siege of the Sforza Castle in Milan, he was taken prisoner of war and taken to France, where he was transported to Draguignan. He wrote about the days he spent here and his acquaintance with Julie-Caroline d'Esclapon in his diary: "My French Captivity". It was thanks to the educated girl that he began to sing under the influence of Francesco Petrarca and the French lyric. He was released by a prisoner exchange and then returned to service, but after completing his military service in Württemberg, he was demobilized from the army.

His passionate love life is inseparable from his literary work. Upon returning home, he burst into Hungarian literature and public consciousness with his poems entitled Himfy's Loves, which he wrote under a pseudonym. At the age of 32-35, he was already the celebrated poet of the Kingdom of Hungary. He is the founder of Hungarian literary romanticism, and he made a lasting impression mainly with his love lyrics. The song structure he created is called the Himfy stanza in the verstan. According to István Toldy, with the song cycle Himfy's Loves, which is considered his masterpiece, he "introduced a significant turn in Hungarian literary taste" and "gained civil rights for love poetry, which until then had been subject to the censorship of ecclesiastical and secular forums".

His first wife was Róza Szegedy de Mezőszeged (Kám, Vas county, 6th April 1774 – Sümeg, Zala county, 18th May 1832), who he considered was his most important muse of inspiration. She was the daughter of the noble man Ignác Szegedy de Mezőszeged (1736-1796), royal counselor, vice-ispán of the Vas county (alispán of Vas), landowner and the noble lady Katalin Rosty de Barkócz (1753-1787), who hailed from the ancient House of Rosty de Barkócz.

title: Sándor Kisfaludy


text: User talk:213.167.96.221

title: User talk:213.167.96.221


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User talk:Quiettype

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Scott Ritchie 09:21, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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 * How to write a great article
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title: User talk:Quiettype


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User talk:Leilear

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Longhair | Talk 09:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Leilear


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Student Selection and Placement System

Student Selection and Placement System (Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Sistemi, ÖSYS) or Higher Education Foundations Examination (Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavı, YKS), formerly Higher Education Examination Undergraduate Placement Examination, (Yükseköğretime Geçis Sınavı-Lisans Yerleştirme Sınav, YGS-LYS), is a standardized test for the admission to higher education in Turkey administered by ÖSYM. Within the Turkish education system, the only way to enter a university is through this exam. 1,692,000 high school graduates took the exam in 2011 and 2,255,386 in 2016. It is a multiple choice exam, with 5 options for each question. It has two parts, together called the Core Proficiency Test-Advanced Proficiency Test (Temel Yeterlilik Testi-Alan Yeterlilik Testi, TYT-AYT).

History
ÖSS was first applied in the late 1960s. Before then, each university selected their students via their own criteria. With the increasing number of youth and the overloaded applications, the universities gathered and founded "Yüksekögretim Kurulu", the Higher Education Council, and a subdivision named ÖSYM, the Student Selection and Placement Center.

1980–1999: ÖSS and ÖYS
In 1980, the number of the exams were increased to two, namely the ÖSS and ÖYS. If a student did not achieve the specified grade in ÖSS, they did not have the right to enter ÖYS, and thus, lost their chance to be accepted to a university. ÖSS consisted of questions about the ninth grade curriculum, and ÖYS was a test on the tenth and eleventh grade curriculum. ÖSS eliminated the students on the basis of the grade they had received in the exam, and ÖYS placed the students to the universities they wanted. This system continued until 1999 when ÖYS was dropped and the system reverted to the single ÖSS exam, with the same format and same questions.

1999–2005: ÖSS and YDS
The ÖSS exam was a 180-minute exam with 180 questions testing students' analytical thinking and problem-solving abilities, as well as knowledge of the high school curriculum.

A foreign language exam, the YDS, was conducted a week after the ÖSS. It was composed of foreign language questions in English, French, and German.

The maximum score that a student could attain on the ÖSS was 380. The highest score on the exam was 300, and the final 80 was based on a student's high school score based on their GPA, graduation rank, and school's past success on the ÖSS exam.

If a student selected a university department related to their studies at high school (namely applied sciences, social sciences, or foreign languages), their score was multiplied by 0.8. If a student preferred to study at a different department from their high school concentration, their score was multiplied by 0.3.

2006–2009: Major changes
Students who took ÖSS in 2006 saw some major changes. The exam now lasted 195 minutes, and had two parts: ÖSS 1 and ÖSS 2. ÖSS 1 had 120 questions on the ninth and tenth grade curriculum.

ÖSS 2 is composed of 120 questions out of which students have to answer 60. Students at foreign languages departments answered ÖSS 1 and foreign language questions; tested separately in YDS.

2010–2018: YGS–LYS
From 2010 to 2018, students took the Transition to Higher Education Examination (YGS) in March. Those who pass the YGS are then entitled to take the Undergraduate Placement Examination (LYS), in June. Students who only take the YGS, in which students have to answer 160 questions in 160 minutes, are able to apply for associate degree programs. There were five LYS sessions, whereas the previous university entrance system, the ÖSS, was held once in a year throughout the country.

2018–present: TYT–AYT
The Higher Education Institutions Examination (YKS) is a 3-session exam. All applicants applying to YKS are required to attend the Basic Proficiency Test (TYT). Other sessions are optional.

The first session is the Basic Proficiency Test (TYT), with 125 questions. The second session is the 2nd Field Qualification Tests (AYT), and the third session is the Foreign Language Test (English) (YDT).

Results are announced in the second half of June and students have to make their university preferences by the last week of July. They are placed in courses according to their scores and this is announced at the end of August.

Criticism
In 2005, "Life = 180 minutes?" was a slogan used by the Turkish Education Association criticizing the ÖSS system for attempting to encompass all the work of a student throughout their 12 years of academic life in a 3-hour multiple choice exam. The president of the ÖSYM exam board said that "ÖSS is the only available university entrance system until the number of people who apply to universities is lowered."

For a student, the education they receive at school is seen as not enough to succeed in ÖSS. Therefore, there is a huge sector in Turkey of private evening and weekend cram schools ("dershane") all around the country. These institutions prepare students solely for exams, including university entrance exams. All "dershane"s compete with each other in order to create the "champion", the one to score the highest mark in Turkey. The dershane sector is bolstered every year by huge media interest as the results of the exam are disclosed and the students who rank in the top few appear on TV and in the newspapers. In 2011, ÖSYM charged newspapers 150000 TL for past exam questions, while forbidding television channels other than the state-owned Turkish Radio and Television Corporation from broadcasting the questions.

title: Student Selection and Placement System


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Martinsthorpe

Martinsthorpe is a civil parish in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England.

The village's name means 'outlying farm/settlement of Martin'.

It is located about four miles (6 km) south of Oakham near the village of Manton. It is the site of a deserted medieval village. Martinsthorpe is the only parish in Rutland to have no population, (although according to the 2001 census, Beaumont Chase also recorded a population of zero). It is one of only eight parishes in England with nil population.

One building remains in the parish; Old Hall Farmhouse, a Grade II listed building, prominent on the ridge. Originally this was part of the service wing of Martinsthorpe Hall, a seat of the Earls of Nottingham. After several decades unoccupied, it has been restored as a holiday let.

An ancient route, perhaps a true ridgeway of the Bronze Age, comes westwards from Stamford and follows the limestone ridge by Edith Weston, Manton and Martinsthorpe, entering Leicestershire near Withcote.

Ward
Martinsthorpe was an electoral division for the purposes of electing councillors to Rutland County Council and comprised the parishes of Gunthorpe, Lyndon, Manton, Martinsthorpe, Morcott, Pilton, and Wing.

Since the 2019 election, it has been merged to form the Braunston and Martinsthorpe ward, which elects two members to the County Council.

title: Martinsthorpe


text: User talk:69.200.242.248

title: User talk:69.200.242.248


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Kincade (band)

Kincade was an English band that was formed in 1972. In that year, they had their hit single, "Dreams are Ten a Penny", but the band itself did not exist at the time. The song was written by John Carter and his wife Gill. Carter also sang all the vocals and played the guitar on the record. The song was released by the British record producer on the Penny Farthing Records label. Although the record was unsuccessful in the UK, it reached the #2 in Germany, spent six months on the charts there, and sold a million copies.

John Kincade
"Dreams Are Ten a Penny" eventually got on the charts in Australia, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and South Africa. In order to promote the hit, Penny Farthing Records recruited John Knowles as the frontman for Kincade since Carter was reluctant to tour as the performing artist. Knowles was successful as the frontman for Kincade and went on to change his name to John Kincade. Consequently, Larry Page launched John Kincade as a solo artist, which resulted in several hit songs on the German charts from 1973 to 1975.

Kincade (the group)
In December 1972, Paul Griggs had a call from Larry Page to form a touring band for Kincade, and Griggs recruited his brother Nigel and Rick Williams. A month later, they made a promotional trip to Spain, performing on a couple of television programmes, undertaking press interviews and making several personal appearances.

By this time another single, "Do You Remember Marilyn", and a Kincade album had been released. They had been recorded by Carter using session musicians. The assembled group continued promoting material for the rest of 1973, making several visits to Germany. Their last appearance as Kincade was on the German TV show, Disco 73 in December 1973, with a song called "Big Hand For Annie". This song failed to chart and eventually the three musicians never had to go on stage as Kincade again. Future releases of Kincade would be without pictures of musicians.

title: Kincade (band)


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Dunlea Centre

Dunlea Centre, prior to 2010 known as Boys' Town Engadine, is an Australian residential secondary school for adolescent young people and their families; the centre is focused on working with young people where there are identified behavioural issues. Boys' Town Engadine – Dunlea Centre helps children, young people and their families to overcome the most severe disadvantages – problems such as abuse, homelessness, long term unemployment, mental health issues and the challenges of disability. The school is located in the Sydney suburb of Engadine, New South Wales and is run by the Roman Catholic Salesians, a religious order of priests, in conjunction with specialist teachers and social workers.

Boys' Town Engadine – Dunlea Centre provides a voluntary service for families at risk of family breakdown, who are committed to improving their relationships. Boys' Town Engadine – Dunlea Centre provides intensive life skills, therapeutic and educational services in an out of home care setting.

History
In 1934, Thomas Dunlea, a parish priest of Sutherland, was requested by a dying woman to look after her son, Eric Green. After the woman's death, Dunlea took the boy to the parish presbytery. Over the ensuing years, a number of young boys were entrusted to his care during the Great Depression.

On 1 August 1939, Dunlea formally opened the school with seven boys in his care. The purpose of the school was to help disadvantaged young males. His inspiration was the Boys' Town of the 1938 movie which was based on the original Boystown in Nebraska, United States, founded by Edward J. Flanagan. Dunlea described the school as: "'Boys’ Town is for homeless and friendless boys — it is the hometown; the fair-dinkum town; the town of charity, unity and kindness; it is a smooth landing ground.'"

The boys were moved to a bigger house at the corner of Glencoe and Flora Streets, Sutherland but Sutherland Shire Council forced them out over a minor nuisance notice. On 17 July 1940, Father Dunlea led 21 boys in procession through Sutherland carrying banners and chanting. The boys pitched tents in the Royal National Park near Loftus and there they lived for 9 weeks.

Publicity led to hundreds of people coming to visit the boys camped in the bush at ‘Canvastown.’ Telegrams and cablegrams of compassion and support poured in. Representatives from government institutions and various churches sent notes of sympathy and encouragement and newspapers across Australia informed readers of the boys’ plight. More importantly, financial assistance was forthcoming. £14,000 was donated by the Australian Meat Industry Association, £12,000 was raised to build poultry facilities. Amongst those who made donations was bookmaker George Nathan who organised the Sunday Carnivals with car races at the Sydney Showgrounds and raised £100,000 to erect a new Boys’ Town. Dunlea's Boys' Town received a gift of 2.8 ha at Engadine where Boys' Town started in August 1940. On 4 May 1941, then Premier of New South Wales, Mr Alexander Mair, laid the foundation stone of a new building at Engadine.

Boys' Town was to be partly self-supporting and to be run by the boys themselves with the priest's oversight. Boys' Town came to have school rooms and a chapel but also a small farm with livestock, stables, water supply, vegetable gardens and orchard groves maintained and worked by the boys. The boys operated a butchery, leather works, metalwork blacksmiths and foundry, carpentry and woodworks, small brickworks, bakery and shops as well as the dormitory, kitchen dining room and laundry and, later, a hospital and swimming pool. As a "town" the boys constituted their own council and conducted their own elections for the positions of mayor, aldermen, health inspectors and other officers. In 1942, at Archbishop Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy's request, the De La Salle Brothers came to Boys' Town. In 1944, Boys' Town received a grant of 40 acres in nearby East Heathcote in Wilson Parade on which it was hoped to develop a farm. By 1945, Boys' Town had 110 boys – mostly orphans aged between 8 and 18 years. The Heathcote farm was not a success and was sold. Dunlea resigned his parish, roamed and moved to the United States in 1947, returning to Australia later in the 1940s. Boys' Town's soon included many troubled and "at risk" boys, referred by courts, police, social service and education authorities as well as orphans, abandoned and other disadvantaged boys. As a residential community, Boys' Town effected banishment, disassociation from former influences and substitution of parents and provided boys with alternatives and training. Boys' Town boys participated in organised sports and fielded teams in local competitions, notably Australian rules football, in an era when the sport was rare in much of New South Wales. Some of its grounds became playing fields.

Boys' Town lost its funding from the Sydney Carnival when the New South Wales Rugby League wanted the show grounds for games. From the 1960s, as suburbia rapidly encroached and the nearby Engadine retail centre grew, Boys' Town increasingly ceased to be a self-supporting community and became just a residential school for disadvantaged boys. In 1978, there was a total of 135 students at Boys' Town (mostly 'boarders' with a small percentage of 'day' students). By 1989 the number of boys at Boys' Town had dropped to 40 with each boy having his own room. Many of the older Boys' Town buildings had not complied with newer fire and other regulations and government funding conditions and required major renovations completed in 1992.

In 2010 the trading name of Boys' Town Engadine was changed to Dunlea Centre as the agency ran residential programs for adolescent girls as well as boys.

Alumni

 * Ben Lexcen – designer of Australia's victorious (1983) America's Cup yacht.
 * John Travers - one of the Anita Cobby killers, sentenced to life imprisonment.
 * Ivan Milat – serial killer responsible for the Backpacker Murders
 * Robert Parsons - author Madigan Perry's Luck part of lead up to Royal Commission into institutional child abuse. Boys' Town is in the story.

Former staff

 * Chris Riley, AM – founder of Youth Off the Streets
 * Dennis Halliday – awarded a PhD posthumously by the Australian Catholic University for his thesis The strategic use of the wellness model in adolescent residential centres : implications for partnership between parents and the centres in relation to his work with Boys' Town.

title: Dunlea Centre


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Temporal reality

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:30, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Temporal reality
Recent and not that well-known, likely vanity/self-promotion; Alexa ranking is 3,554,475 at the moment Joel7687 09:31, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -not notable, yet. Couldn't find any notable reference to the site outside of itself. Naturenet | Talk 11:55, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 17:11, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * '''Delete per above royblumy 21:37, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Fort Stevenson State Park Arboretum

The Fort Stevenson State Park Arboretum is an arboretum located near the campground at Fort Stevenson State Park [438 acre] on the north shore of Lake Sakakawea approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of Garrison, North Dakota.

The arboretum contains over 50 native and non-native trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses, including Eleagnus angustifolia, Juniperus scopulorum, Salix exigua, and Ulmus pumila.

title: Fort Stevenson State Park Arboretum