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A Christmas to Remember (album)

A Christmas to Remember is the thirteenth studio album by Christian music and pop music singer Amy Grant. The album is a collaboration with the Patrick Williams Orchestra. It is Grant's third Christmas album with a blend of some traditional songs but mostly originals.

In 2007, A Christmas to Remember was reissued and digitally remastered by Grant's new record label, EMI/Sparrow Records, along with Grant's 13 other albums. The remastered edition is labeled with a "Digitally Remastered" logo in the 'gutter' on the CD front. Because of Grant's deal with her previous label, Word Records, the remastered editions of A Christmas to Remember and Behind the Eyes was not sold in Christian Music retailers such as Family Christian Stores or Lifeway Christian Resources until 2009. Until 2009, Word Records continued to distribute those titles to Christian retailers in the original, non-remastered editions while EMI distributed the remastered editions to most major retailers. The twelve remaining remastered editions were distributed by EMI to all US retailers, both Christian and secular.

An early release of the CD was sold exclusively at Target Stores and featured a cover of The Carpenters song "Merry Christmas Darling" as a hidden track. This track was eventually re-released on Grant's 2005 compilation Christmas album My Best Christmas.

Charts
Album – Billboard (U.S.)

title: A Christmas to Remember (album)


text:
User:Tomdooner

Hello. I am a very new Wikipedian. I don't know how to send messages or anything but basically edit text. If someone would voulenteer to help me learn, I'd be greatly appreciative!

-Tom

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Tomdooner


text:
Francis Edward Smedley

Francis Edward Smedley (4 October 1818 – 1 May 1864) was an English novelist. His name appears in print usually as Frank E. Smedley.

Life
He was born with deformed feet, a disability that impaired his mobility and prevented him from attending regular school. Instead he was privately educated by his uncle. His cousin, the poet Menella Bute Smedley, later kept house for him and acted as his secretary. Smedley died in London in 1864 and is buried in Marlow Parish Churchyard, Buckinghamshire.

Works

Smedley contributed his first book, Scenes from the Life of a Private Pupil, anonymously to Sharpe's London Magazine in 1846-1848. Smedley is credited with being the editor of that magazine. In 1849 he arranged for a book to be produced titled "Seven Tales by Seven Authors". The authors included Edwina Burbury and George Payne Rainsford James. The proceeds of the book were directed to Burbury who had "financial difficulties" and she was given the copyright. The book was republished in 1860 and Smedley purchased the copyright from Burbury to allow this and recording its history in that edition's introduction.

Smedley's first essay proved so successful that it was expanded into Frank Fairlegh, and published in book form in 1850. His next book, Lewis Arundel or The Railroad of Life, was originally contributed to the same magazine, which he for some time edited, and was published in book form in 1852. Of his other writings the best known is Harry Coverdale's Courtship (1855). These stories are racily told. Either Hablot Knight Browne ("Phiz") or George Cruikshank supplied illustrations for most of his books.

title: Francis Edward Smedley


text:
Talk:Royal National Institute for Deaf People

[Untitled]
Um, why does Royal National Institute for the Blind link here? The RNIB is NOT the same as the RNID. --86.131.232.25 23:39, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I wondered that too. The redirect should have been pointing to Royal National Institute of the Blind, it's actual name. Just fixed it..
 * - N (talk) 23:50, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

How about a page on the work of Lipspeakers? Samantha of Cardyke (talk) 20:48, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

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Talk:Hamilton Naki

Factual errors in the article
> Because of the Apartheid system he was never able to train as a doctor, and was also barred from the whites-only operating theatre during this period of Apartheid.

Black people could train as doctors and there were medical schools for black people. The requirement however is that they finish matric to enter the schools (which Mr. Naki did not do).

> Because of the Apartheid system he was never able to train as a doctor, and was also barred from the whites-only operating theatre during this period of Apartheid.

Again this is factually incorrect. At operations generally only trained medical staff are allowed (i.e. medical staff with a formal degree). There are numerous reasons for this (including liability issues). In most countries people without formal training cannot take part in an operation (and you require a medical license).

--- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 221.115.75.61 (talk) 16:14, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

It seems Mr. Naki was not part of Barnard's surgical team after all. See the Economist's correction to his obituary. This doesn't take away from Mr. Naki's real achievements or of his skills, but a lie, for whatever purpose, would take away from them. Anyone care to comment before I correct the article? Vincent 23:42, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

The documentary movie "Hidden Heart" presents the opposing view. Unfortunately I haven't seen it yet. can anyone tell more? --Timekeeper77 (talk) 12:08, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

The last section is a copy-paste of 70.81.158.242 (talk) 16:30, 30 January 2008 (UTC)Jackster 11:30, january 30 2008

Why should be admitted The Economist's correction to the obituary? It says that the so called myth was taken from Naki's own words, then, why the authorities of the hospital 40 decades later should be more credible and less influenced by politics than the person himself, who is also widely acknowledged as a moral reference given the testimony of his life? I believe that, in any case, both versions should be kept in the article -- otherwise, it becomes biased. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mirarke (talk • contribs) 19:01, 26 September 2008 (UTC)

Why has someone 'corrected' this article?! It not seems clear that Naki was not part of Barnard's team. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.93.193.135 (talk) 15:19, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

He was coloured
This fact, while blatantly obvious when reading everything, is not explicitly mentioned in the article. Since so much of Naki's life was influenced by apartheid, this belongs in the first paragraph. -- JovanCormac (talk) 14:15, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

 * He wasn't Coloured, he was Black! His life was not "influenced by apartheid".  Just exactly where did apartheid have any influence on his story?  I doubt that a largely uneducated gardener would have got so far in the medical system in any first world country! The controversy and politics came after apartheid, with the racist attempts to embelish his achievements.124.197.15.138 (talk) 04:38, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

Repeated information
This text: "He did not participate in the first heart transplant, did not ever operate on humans, nor ever work in Groote Schuur Hospital. Barnard sequentially performed both historic donor and recipient operations, assisted by four cardiac surgeons.

http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/Naki-h.htm http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7515/519-f http://www.economist.com/node/4174683?story_id=4174683"

Repeats information and contains 3 links in the middle of the article. If it is ok with everyone I will delete it soon. Alessio.aguirre (talk) 13:26, 20 July 2010 (UTC)

Interpretation
Even reading the context in which it appears, I cannot fathom what "Such effects remain in place, despite retractions, creating potent but baseless political myths" means. Can someone please translate this sentence into English!Royalcourtier (talk) 02:44, 22 January 2016 (UTC)

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The Strawberry Alarm Clock (radio programme)

The Strawberry Alarm Clock is a morning radio programme on FM104, an Independent Local Radio station in Dublin. It broadcasts weekday mornings from 6-10am, with "Best Of The Strawberry Alarm Clock" Saturdays from 9am-12pm. The show podcasts weekly through www.fm104.ie

History
The show began in 1995, and was originally presented by Timmy Ryan, Justin McKenna, Conor Mahoney and Joan Lea. Colm Hayes took over from Timmy Ryan in 1996, and the show quickly became a success. In 2000, Justin McKenna left the radio business while Joan Lea moved to drivetime programme "The Jam". Jim Nugent joined Colm and they became known as the duo "Colm & Jim-Jim". During this time they were joined by various female presenters including Niamh Crowley, Edel Daly, Taragh Loughry Grant and Sandra Mason, however Colm and Jim left FM104 on 12 January 2007 and moved to RTÉ 2fm where they presented 2FM's morning show The Colm & Jim-Jim Breakfast Show. Andy Matthews took over the show on an interim basis on 15 January 2007, however he was replaced by the new team of Jim McCabe and Niamh Crowley from 13 February 2007.

On 13 September 2010, Jim-Jim Nugent returned to FM104 to replace Jim McCabe & Niamh Crowley who were let go due to poor ratings. FM104 launched a major outdoor and television campaign titled "Jim-Jim's Back". Jim-Jim is now joined by Mark Noble, the former presenter of drive time show The Jam.

Over the years, the show has created numerous parody songs which have become instant hits, most notably "Sexy Joe" (Sexy Back), "Pyjamaaaa" (Pjanoo) and "I Hate Henry" (Take On Me). There have also been numerous sports songs to celebrate rugby, football and GAA games.

Previous television adverts for the show features a young man running naked through the streets of Dublin, as if he was in a dream, confirmed by the catchphrase at the end "You haven't woken up until you`ve woken up to The Strawberry Alarm Clock, on FM104!!"

Presenters

 * Justin McKenna (1995-2000)
 * Connor Mahoney (1995-2000)
 * Joan Lea (1995-2000)
 * Timmy Ryan (1995-1996)
 * Colm Hayes (2000-2007)
 * Jim-Jim Nugent (2000-2007, 2010-present)
 * Jim McCabe (2007-2010)
 * Niamh Crowley (2007-2010)
 * Mark "Nobby" Noble (2010-2023)
 * Thomas "Crossy" Crosse (2023-present)
 * Zeinab Elguzouli (2023-present)

Features on the show
Kids In The Car

Each morning at 8.40, Jim-Jim & Mark chat to a kid in a car on their way to school. They then must try guess what the kid is thinking about in 20 seconds. If they fail, the kid shouts the catchphrase "Ha Ha, In Your Face Suckers"

Pop Life

This is a music quiz on Friday mornings. A listener comes on air to compete against either Jim-Jim or Mark. The quiz involves identifying clips of music played in reverse.

Uncovered Unplugged

Uncovered Unplugged is the live music segment. This usually happens after 9am when a band or artist come into studio, performing one original track and one cover version. As part of FM104's "Help A Dublin Child" appeal, a charity CD was released in November 2007 featuring the best Uncovered Unplugged tracks of the year. This CD reached number two in the Irish compilation charts.

Gavin

Gavin Highlife chats to Jim-Jim & Mark weekly. A posh, rugby loving, south Dublin man, Gavin is not shy in telling listeners his real feelings on issues such as Scooter Scum, Dublin 1, and Boggers.


text:
Lance Burton Theatre

The Lance Burton Theatre was located in the Monte Carlo Resort and Casino. Its 1,274 seats were arranged in three main sections: the main floor, the mezzanine, and the balcony. The theatre was specially built for Lance Burton's magic show and until 2010 hosted Lance Burton: Master Magician.

On October 22, 2001, the theater was the host site for the release of the USPS Harry Houdini stamp.

Entertainment
In addition to Lance Burton's magic show five days a week, the theater hosted a weekly Vintage Vegas Show with Chris Phillips, Marley Taylor, and Frank Caliendo for 4 shows a week.

title: Lance Burton Theatre


text:
Talk:Persian grammar

Object, Subject Marking/ Ergativity
I'd like to see some examples of transitive and intransitive verbs in future, present, and past tenses - For transitive verbs, I hear that in the future and present, objects are marked with the accusative, yet in the past the marker goes on the subject...? If this is indeed true I think a section on 'split ergativity' would be great!

examples:

John will sleep/ John will see the man

John sleeps/ John sees the man

John slept/ John saw the man —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.104.195.115 (talk) 05:41, 10 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Persian isn't ergative. Perhaps you are thinking of Hindi/Urdu, which is partly ergative. Kanjuzi (talk) 05:36, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

Present Tense
I have been studying Persian on my own. One things that I have found to be hard to come by on the Web is the the imperative forms of the common verbs used in Persian. These forms are required in order to know how to form the present tense. I have partially compiled the following table, but it is not good enough yet to put into the article. Would anyone like to clean this up?

For instance I am not sure if شو is pronounced like 'show' or 'shaev' or something else altogether.

Technical
We need to explain what SOV vs. SVO and some of the other abbreviations used mean - I know it seems self-explanatory, but not everyone will get it. As it stands, it looks like a mad linguist ran through certain sections of the article tossing jargon grenades.

Cleanup & Wikify
Some of the tables here look sloppy, and we are using specialized transliteration orthography that not everyone will understand (s with caron, etc.) We should probably use IPA, but not everyone will be able to read that either.--Jpbrenna 00:07, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Speaking of transliterations and jargon grenades, I'm taking out the case markings table because:
 * a) It's not necessary to mention Persian prepositions as case markings unless you are a Latin speaker, etc. As this article is written in English, it's quite fitting to describe æz, dær, etc. as prepositions, for which there is a section already, and rā has already been treated.
 * b) The transliterations are sloppy---eg. Bukhara and Bokharara, using  to denote both /æ/ and /ɒ/ . The examples came from an older text, which makes the table  feel like it's written by William Jones.
 * and besides,
 * c) The examples of the declensions are not in parallel with each other.
 * d) The glosses are unmarked
 * e) The ACC entry fails to even mention the rā in the example

 * Also, the International Phonetic Alphabet is great for discussing phonetics and even phonology, but it gets annoying to read when the subject is something unrelated, like syntax. The transliteration scheme used in this article is fairly normal for linguists working on Persian.   --jonsafari 04:29, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes it is normal for linguists working on Persian - but Wikipdia isn't for linguists working on Persian, it's for general readers. Not every reader - probably not even most - will be a linguist familiar with Americanist phonetic notation.  The only exceptions would be a Czech or a Greek: the former would know š stands for "sh" and the Greek would read x as "kh," but this is after all the English Wikipedia, as you point out. The article will be far more accesible if we write "khoda ro shokur" and not "xoda ro škr."  The only reason I suggested IPA is that slightly more users are likely to be familiar with that system, although it would still make the article relatively inaccessible.
 * Speaking of general readers, I have in my possession a simple 21st-century Persian phrasebook directed toward the broadest-possible English speaking audience which uses the terms "ablative" etc., with explanation of their meaning for the layman. The book was written by a native speaker, a published linguist who lectures in Iran.  Although he may have modeled his grammar section on somewhat older English-language sources, I doubt very much that he went all the way back to Sir William.  While I followed him in using the Latinate terms, the examples in the case table were entirely my own.  I used Bukhara with unadorned a's because that is the transliteration most readers are likely to be familiar with; the -o-  version was a mistake.  I admit my Persian is so poor as to not even warrant an FA-1 tag, but I was writing out some pretty simple phrases.  I asked a native speaker on Wikipedia to check the examples, but apparently he hasn't gotten around to it yet. --Jpbrenna 16:59, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I appreciate your input. My only suggestion is that you familiarize yourself more with Persian a little more before making big changes to the article, as Dehghani's Lonely Planet phrasebook and speaking with a few native speakers does not give a complete picture of what's going on in the language.  I respectfully disagree with his overcomplication of describing to the general public be as the dative case, dar as locative, and az as ablative.  Also, while using  for both /æ/ and /ɒ/ is fine for native speakers SMSing each other, it's painfully ambiguous for any description of the language.   Also, using  to describe the accusative marker is appropriate to mention in a more phonologically-oriented article, but a grammar-oriented article should try not to make use of allomorphs in examples, as this distracts from the main concept being illustrated.  BTW, I like the template, but we might be getting a little ahead of ourselves to break up the grammar article into so many little articles at this point in time (although noun and verb articles are reasonable).   --jonsafari 19:05, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

(More of) my suggestions for expanding & improving the article - please comment
Actually, I think it should become more of an article series, with summaries here - just as it is with other languages on Wikipedia - but maybe we should discuss having just one big article for now (see below).

 * Other languages (say, German) probably need a separate article on adjectives, since declension can be an issue. As long as there's only a couple paragraphs talking about a given item, I see little need to separate it into a separate article.  Of course there's alot to say about nouns and verbs, so that's understandable to spin these off into separate articles.  But if we keep it a single article while we're resolving, eg. transliteration issues etc., the more consistency we'll have when we do spin them off.  --jonsafari 19:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Transliteration
I looked at the Bukhara article, and it transliterates the Persian as Bukhârâ. Maybe we could use marked vowels instead of the ligature, but dispense with the x and s-with-caron for the consonants and just use the expected English digraphs instead? My concern is that a non-specialist consulting this article will be put off by the transliteration system. People should be aware of the system, however - I have seen it used in Ann Lambton's grammar and in some other works on Persian, and your comments seem to suggest it is the de facto standard in Persian studies. Why don't we create an article on transliteration of Persian, or discuss it at the Persian alphabet article and link to the appropriate section from here?

 * I'm not sure why the Bukhara article would be seen as any sort of reference. While I have a Langenscheidt Persian-German German-Persian dictionary (aimed at regular German speakers) that uses , <š>, and <č> in their transliteration, I'm ok with changing these three to , , and . --jonsafari 19:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Content & Layout - Greek style?
I think Greek grammar does a pretty good job of describing the grammar of modern Greek, without resorting to separate articles for nouns, verbs, etc. - although most other language articles seem to do this. Everything is covered, examples are given, and the tables are neat and attractive. My only complaint is that the overall article is overly-long, in my opinon. Another problem is that the contributors assume one knows the Greek alphabet and the phonetic values in Modern Greek. I happen to be able to read Greek, but not every reader will; I think if we imitate their layout (where appropriate) we might want to have both the original Perso-Arabic and an easily readable transliteration.

 * In the inline text we could have a format like dær (در) 'door', and possibly for floats too. --jonsafari 19:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Another thing Greek currently lacks, but which I would like to see here, is pronunciation of each written example by a native speaker. The Polish language article used to have at least a few of these in .ogg format; personally, I think it's a great idea. Eventually, if we develop articles on the different dialects we could even have dialect speakers record themselves and maybe crosslink so people could compare & contrast the different sounds instead of just reading "close-front unrounded vowel in Standard Persian, but close-mid unrounded in Dari..." or looking at some symbol.

 * It seems more applicable to Persian phonology and the 2 persian alphabet articles, but if you'd like to spearhead that effort for this article, by all means. --jonsafari 19:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

And whether we keep the ligatured ae and Czech-looking characters or not, can we at least agree that the format of the ugly verb tables has to be changed? They are very cheap-looking and off-putting in their current form: the dotted lines make me feel like I should print them out, clip them, and take them to the grocery store for 75 cents off a liter of Persian! --Jpbrenna 07:12, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I wrote a majority of this article one saturday afternoon, as you can see by viewing the first post of this article (id 11074942). The verb tables are in the format that they are because I just wanted to get the content up on the internet.  I agree that the format of the verb tables is ugly, so if you'd like to change that, be my guest. --jonsafari 19:35, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Tajik
Looking at the Tajik grammar, it seems to be a rehashing of what's presented in this article, except the Cyrillic alphabet is used instead of the Perso-Arabic. It seems to me redundant, and instead of duplicating content, we should have the article focus on any major differences in the grammar of Tajik compared to the other dialects. In fact, it may not even pay to have a separeate "Tajik grammar" article: We could just discuss any grammatical differences in the "Tajik language" article, as they do for Cypriot Greek. What does everyone else think? --Jpbrenna 01:09, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm ok with either way. It seems to be right on the border between merging the two articles or meriting separate articles.  It might be cumbersome to support the differences between Iranian Persian, Dari, and Tajik in one article, but then again there's alot of reduplication of effort.  On the other hand, much of the necessary text is already in place for both articles, so why bother?  Maybe a compromise could be to just coordinate efforts more, and have us keep an eye on both articles.  There does seem to be some important Turkic influences on Tajik grammar.  But like I said before, I'm fine with either way as long as things are executed non-sloppily.  –jonsafari 20:42, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

I'd prefer for there to be two separate articles, as having more than one script in an article could be cumbersome. I think Jons suggestion of keeping an eye on both articles and co-ordinating would be best. There are books published on Tajik grammar, so I think having two articles would be reasonable. - FrancisTyers · 12:47, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

About the books on Tajik grammar mentionned elsewhere by Francis. The first one is undoubtly Valentina S. Ratorgueva, A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar [translated and edited by Herbert H. Paper], Bloomington: Indiana University, 1963, 110 p., originaly published in Russian as an addenda to the Tadžiksko-russkij slovar' [Tajik Russian Dictionary], Moskva, 1954, 529-570. The textbook should be Azim Baizoyev, John Hayward, The Official Beginners' Guide to Tajiki, Dushanbe: Star Publications, 2001, 448 p. – a good book indeed, many of my students have been using it very successfuly. To me John Perry's A Tajik Persian Reference Grammar, 2005, a pretty good reference book, fails to assess throughoutfully for the spoken varieties but is fairly good at the philological description. On the modern history of the language, the reference is whithout any doubt Lutz Rzehak, Vom Persischen zum Tadschikischen: sprachliches Handeln und Sprachplanung in Transoaxanien zwischen Tradition, Moderne und Sowjetmacht (1900-1956), Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2001, 456 S. (it is in German). Thought it might be useful. –FOA 00:53, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * This situation is similar to that of Hindi-Urdu grammar. The decision there was to have one article with both scripts: Devanagari and Perseo-Arabic. If Tajik and Persian are mutually intelligible (as Hindi and Urdu are), it might be a good idea to merge the two. Thanks, AnupamTalk 05:57, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Tenses
I added more tenses and presented them in 3rd person singular instead of 1st person (it's better especially for passive voice). We have more tenses in Persian and I could add them but since we have to resort to technical names, I decided to first talk about it and then decide what to do. I know here is not a forum but I didn't like to edit further without having had discussed about it. If I want to summarize Persian tenses of indicative mood (š = sh):

preterite: raft l— imperfective: miraft l— progressive: dâšt miraft l— perfective: rafteast (#1) l—— imperfective: mirafteast (#2) l—— progressive: dâšte[ast] mirafteast (#3) pluperfect: rafte bud l— imperfective: mirafte bud l— progressive: dâšt mirafte bud l— perfective: rafte budeast l—— imperfective: mirafte budeast (#4) l—— progressive: dâšteast mirafte budeast (#5)

(#1) the enclitic -ast has been reduced to -e in spoken Iranian Persian and we say: rafte (stress is on the last syllable). Please note that -ast is not a word to be written apart. Although we normally do so in Perso-Arabic and separated with a "space" but it should be separated by a zero-width non-joiner character. Its HTML entity code is #8204. (#2) for the same reason, we say mirafte (#3) for the same reason, we say dâšte mirafte (#4) for the same reason, we say mirafte bude (#5) for the same reason, we say dâšte mirafte bude Progressive tenses presented here, belong to spoken Iranian Persian. In Tajiki Persian, they have a different way for expressing the progressive aspect.

The tenses that I want to add are:

 * dâšte[ast] mirafteast (progressive perfective preterite i.e. progressive aspect of perfective aspect of the preterite tense)
 * dâšt mirafte bud (progressive pluperfect)
 * rafte budeast (perfective pluperfect i.e. perfective aspect of pluperfect)
 * mirafte budeast (imperfective perfective pluperfect)
 * dâšteast mirafte budeast (progressive perfective pluperfect)

Additionally, under this naming, rafteast is called "perfective preterite" because as I have shown above, it's perfective aspect of preterite. This name conforms with other names (e.g. progressive aspect of perfective preterite: dâšte[ast] mirafteast)

My opinion: Persian has these tenses and we should include them in Wiki page even if we have to resort to using technical names. Perhaps, we can present them as the chart I have used above. --Alijsh 04:53, 4 November 2007 (UTC), --Alijsh 07:41, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * The reason I originally put the first person singular, instead of the third person singular, is that it clearly shows where the person and number agreement should appear on a verb or verbal complex. The third person singular form does not show this in many forms.  This is very beneficial to those not familiar with Persian.  Your other contributions are welcome additions.  –jonsafari 01:20, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Some of these tenses are completely marginal or simply incorrect in Persian, for example mirafte bud and dâšteast mirafte budeast - the last one particularly is a nonsense. The grammarian Roohollah Mofidi in this article ["Budan va dāštan: do fe'l-e istā-ye fārsi", p.77, labels mirafte bud as ungrammatical. These tenses do not need to be included in an elementary article of this kind therefore. [[User:Kanjuzi|Kanjuzi]] (talk) 08:47, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

The article is too difficult
I am a university-trained language teacher. My degree included lingiistics. Yet I understand many parts of this article only very vaguely. I think Wikipedia articles should be comprehensible to any moderately well-educated reader. This one isn't. I suspect the only peope who will really understand it are those who know all about it anyway. APW (talk) 18:40, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

 * What specifically was too difficult for you? Is there another language grammar article that is not as difficult, that might serve as an example?  –jonsafari (talk) 02:25, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Almost the entire section on verbs is packed with difficult and unexplained technical terms. APW (talk) 17:49, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

It would help a lot if the examples included literal English translations. For instance, after reading the parragraph on word order, I could not make out what individual words in persian meant in English. I.e.: کتاب آبی را دیدم ketāb-e ābi-rā didam 'I saw the blue book' --> ok, so does ketab mean "blue", or does it mean "book"? I had to look up an independant source to find out that "abi" is "blue". In short, I think the examples should include: 1)the phrase written in persian, in the persian alphabet 2)the phrase written in Persian, in the latin alphabet, 3) the phrase in english, as a word-for-word (literal) translation, 4) the phrase in correct English. Thanks for the article, anyway. Signed "El Penquista" (I don't know where the tildes are on my keyboard) — Preceding unsigned comment added by El penquista (talk • contribs) 14:01, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

Influence by Arabic
Can anyone add a section to the article where influence from Arabian is discussed? A lot of people think (probably reasonably) that all modern languages that belong to the Indo-Aryan group have diverged tremendously from the Indo-European structure. It would be very useful if there were some info on what new constructs appeared in modern Persian and how they supplanted the original Indo-European ones due to influence by different languages, mainly by Arabic. --78.60.136.180 (talk) 13:01, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Agglutination
I don't claim any knowledge of Persian or of the linguistic literature on it, but I make the following observations, which seem to me self-evident to any linguist: Can someone give reasons why the claim for agglutination should not simply be deleted as mistaken? --Pfold (talk) 07:36, 20 November 2014 (UTC)
 * the claim that "the Persian language had become more analytical, having no grammatical gender and few case markings, and New Persian has inherited such characteristics. The agglutinative structure of the language is its most notable feature among other Iranian languages." contains a fundamental contradition - how can NP inherit an analytical morphology and yet be classified as agglutinative?
 * the examples of verb constructions further down the page demonstrate conclusively that the verb forms are not agglutinative.
 * Since no-one has come forward to defend this claim, I'm going to remove the material in question --Pfold (talk) 16:15, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Typo
Thanks to the person who fixed my typo. I wish more readers were so alert! Kanjuzi (talk) 05:38, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

Nastaliq Font is unreadable except at 175% magnification
Salam, Is there a reason all the Farsi text was changed to Nastaliq font? The Farsi Wikipedia is written in Naskh. Modern dictionaries are written in Naskh and Farsi introductory textbooks are all written in Naskh.

This article is supposed to make the Farsi language more accessible to students of the language; the Nastaliq font is intimidating and hard to read for beginners. I appreciate the beauty of Nastaliq in calligraphy, book titles, the Bism-i-Llah, etc. But for an introductory treatise on Persian grammar, where the text is interspersed with Latin-alphabet text, it seems inappropriate.

Thoughts?

Deersfeet (talk) 06:37, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you mean. The Persian text in this article is not in Nasta'liq. Nasta'liq is the calligraphic script which you see at the top of the Persian Wikipedia page saying 'Welcome to Wikipedia'. The script used in this article on Persian grammar seems very clear and readable to me, whereas the spaghetti-like script used in the body of the Persian Wikipedia article is less clear. Kanjuzi (talk) 08:05, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Are you viewing the article on a mobile device? My phone doesn't display the text in Nasta'liq.  However, if you click "Edit Source" you will see that someone has painstakingly put the "nastaliq" tag on every bit of Farsi text.  For example:
 * Deersfeet (talk) 06:31, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
 * No, I'm viewing it on a laptop. However it's tagged, it comes out as clear and readable on my screen, and not in nasta'liq. Kanjuzi (talk) 09:26, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * It could be that I have a Nasta'liq font installed on my system and you don't. I have Iran Nastaliq installed. Anyway, when I get brave enough, I think it would help to remove the Nastaliq markup tags.  This page should be as accessible as possible. Deersfeet (talk) 04:14, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
 * That sounds a good idea. Nasta'liq is difficult for foreigners to read, but the script as it appears on my computer is very clear. Kanjuzi (talk) 04:23, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your feedback, Kanjuzi. It was very encouraging.  I have removed the nastaliq formatting.  It was easy enough to do using a text editor.  Oddly enough, through some research I found that the  tag automatically puts the text into Nasta'liq.  Which is odd, because not even the Persian Wikipedia uses Nasta'liq in its articles.  I had to remove the Farsi language tags altogether to put the text back into Naskh. Deersfeet (talk) 04:33, 30 May 2016 (UTC)
 * It seems that someone has put the nasta'liq formatting back again - not that it makes any difference on my screen. But could the person perhaps add a note on this page to say why? Kanjuzi (talk) 09:46, 11 July 2016 (UTC)

Russian additions
An anonymous editor has added Russian transliterations to a large part of the article. It all seems perfectly pointless. I suggest that these transliterations be removed. Kanjuzi (talk) 08:07, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Same thing happened on Persian language (diff1) and Persian phonology (diff2). It seems those are Tajik transliterations in Cyrillic (Tajik alphabet). Look unnecessary. --Wario-Man (talk) 09:04, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Persian grammar


text:
Nicole Wallace

Nikki, Nicolle or Nicole Wallace may refer to:

 * Nicolle Wallace (born 1972), American TV political host and novelist
 * Nikki Wallace (born 1994), Australian rules footballer for Brisbane Lions
 * Nicole Wallace (actress) (born 2002), Spanish actress and singer
 * Nicole Wallace (Law & Order: Criminal Intent), TV character in 2000s and 2010s

title: Nicole Wallace


text:
Alada

Alada Empresa de Transportes Aéreos was an airline based in Luanda, Angola. Established in 1995, it operated chartered passenger and cargo flights out of Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda. Their AOC was revoked in 2010.

Fleet
As of June 2011, the Alada fleet included the following aircraft:
 * 1 Antonov An-12
 * 2 Antonov An-32
 * 2 Ilyushin Il-18

title: Alada


text:
Uschi Disl

Ursula "Uschi" Disl (born 15 November 1970) is a German former biathlete.

Career
During her competitive career Disl was a 19-year veteran of biathlon and was a five time olympian, with two Olympic gold medals from the 4 × 7.5 km relays in 1998 and 2002. She also has four silver medals (two in 7.5 km sprint (1998 and 2002), one in 4 × 7.5 km relay (1994), and one in 3 × 7.5 km relay (1992)), and three bronze medals (two in 15 km individual, 1994 and 1998, and one in 12.5 km mass start, 2006). She also has two World Championship individual titles, both won in Hochfilzen, Austria, in March 2005, in the 7.5 km sprint and the 10 km pursuit.

Dubbed "Turbo-Disl" by the German media, she lay second in the Biathlon World Cup table at the beginning of the Olympics behind fellow country-woman Kati Wilhelm, and finished fifth in the overall standings for the 2004/05 season. She has finished second overall three times in the Biathlon World Cup (1995/96, 1996/97 and 1997/98) and has won forty World Cup races (28 single and 12 relay/team victories). This includes three wins at the Holmenkollen ski festival biathlon competition with one in 1995 (sprint) and two in 1996 (sprint, pursuit).

2006 was Disl's last Olympics and her final season.

On 18 December 2005, Disl was named "German sportswoman of the year", becoming the first biathlete awarded, and beating speed skater Anni Friesinger and discus thrower Franka Dietzsch.

Since 2012 she resides with her Swedish husband Tomas Söderberg in the region of Dalarna in Sweden, they have a daughter and a son. Like many German Nordic skiers, Disl was working in the military as a border patrol guard during her sporting career. In 2022, Disl acquired Swedish citizenship and she also speaks the Swedish language fluently to the point that she became a biathlon expert on Swedish radio. She also served as biathlon coach at the local club, including for her own children, but citing that 'them having fun was more important than results'.

Olympic Games
9 medals (2 gold, 4 silver, 3 bronze)
 * *Pursuit was first added in 2002, mass start in 2006.

World Championships
19 medals (8 gold, 8 silver, 3 bronze)
 * *Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999 and the mixed relay in 2005.

Individual victories
30 victories (9 In, 12 Sp, 7 Pu, 2 MS)
 * *Results are from IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Team podiums

 * 1 podium – (1 TS)

title: Uschi Disl


text:
Angus MacAskill

Angus MacAskill (1825 – 8 August 1863) was a Scottish-born Canadian giant. In its 1981 edition the Guinness Book of World Records stated he was the strongest man, the tallest non-pathological giant and the largest true giant in recorded history at 7 ft, he also had the largest chest measurements of any non-obese man at 80 in. MacAskill was said to have accomplished feats of lifting a 2800 lbs ship's anchor to his chest and holding over 250 lbs with only three fingers.

Early life
MacAskill was born in the hamlet of Sheabie on the island of Berneray, Uist in the Sound of Harris, Scotland. His father was Norman MacAskill, who was 5ft 9in tall, and his mother was Christina Campbell. He had twelve siblings, several of whom died young, and he was an ordinary-sized baby. After several years in Stornoway, Outer Hebrides, the family settled in the fishing community of Englishtown, Cape Breton Island, around 1831.

Young MacAskill was said to be of normal stature, but in entering his adolescence he began to grow rapidly and by his 20th year had attained 7ft 4in, eventually reaching 7ft 9in within another year or two. His early adult weight was 510 lb. His shoulders were 44 in wide, and the palm of his hand 8 in wide and 12 in long; his wrists were 13.5 in in circumference; his ankles measured 18 in in circumference; by 1863 he was wearing boots 17.5 in long. His feet were probably around 16 in long and 8 in wide. He had "deep-set blue eyes and a musical, if somewhat hollow voice"; and "a mild and gentle manner." Despite his size he was well proportioned.

He was known in his home community of St. Anns as "Gille Mòr" (translated to "Big Boy"). He was also known to many as the "Cape Breton Giant" or simply "Giant MacAskill".

When MacAskill was approximately 14 years old he travelled on a fishing schooner from St. Anns to North Sydney and the crew took him along to a dance. An altercation with a dancer led to MacAskill striking his tormentor's jaw with his fist. The man landed in the middle of the floor and was unconscious for so long the other dancers thought he was dead. When the captain returned to his schooner he found MacAskill on his knees praying that he had not killed the man.

Adult career
MacAskill was rumoured for feats of strength such as lifting a ship's anchor weighing 2800 lb to chest height, and an ability to carry barrels weighing over 350 lb apiece under each arm or reputedly able to lift a hundredweight, i.e. 112 lb, with two fingers and hold it at arm's length for ten minutes.

In 1849, he entered show business and went to work for P. T. Barnum's circus, appearing next to General Tom Thumb. In 1853 he toured the West Indies and Cuba. Queen Victoria heard stories about MacAskill's great strength and invited him to appear before her to give a demonstration at Windsor Castle, after which she proclaimed him to be "the tallest, stoutest and strongest man to ever enter the palace", and presented him with two gold rings in appreciation.

The fishermen of St. Anns envied MacAskill's strength. While they laboriously bailed their boats, MacAskill set his weight under his two-ton boat, tipped it on its beam ends and reportedly emptied the bilge water. He reportedly single-handedly set a 40 ft mast into a schooner. He was also said to have been able to lift a fully grown horse over a four-foot fence.

There are various accounts of an incident with an anchor that may have taken place in New York or New Orleans. French sailors apparently taunted MacAskill to lift an anchor lying on the wharf, which was estimated to weigh 2200 - 2700 lb. MacAskill easily did so and walked down the wharf with it, but one of the anchor's flukes caught in one of his shoulders, crippling him. However, this was not the cause of his death, as he lived for many years thereafter.

After a show business career demonstrating his size and strength in Europe and North America, he returned to his home community of Englishtown and purchased a gristmill, a general store and several other properties.

Death
In the summer of 1863, MacAskill undertook a trip to the colonial capital at Halifax, where he had been planning to sell produce and purchase stock for his store that he would need for the winter season from the city's wholesalers. During the trip, he suddenly became seriously ill and was returned to St. Anns, where his family moved him back to his parents' home. His original childhood bed was hastily lengthened and put up in their living room to provide for his care. The doctor's diagnosis was brain fever. After a week's illness, MacAskill died peacefully in his sleep on August 8, 1863, the Presbyterian minister the Rev. Abraham McIntosh and many neighbours being in attendance in the house.

The Halifax Acadian Recorder of August 15, 1863, reported that "the well-known giant... was by far the tallest man in Nova Scotia, perhaps in British America" and that "his mild and gentle manner endeared him to all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance". The whole county mourned and he was buried in the Englishtown Cemetery alongside his parents, who were of average size; the size of MacAskill's burial mound dwarfs those of his mother and father.

Museum and legacy
MacAskill's presence lived on in Englishtown for many years where his timber-frame house sat on the edge of Kelly's Mountain, overlooking St. Anns Harbour. The structure, with its massive door frames still stood, albeit in ruins, as late as the 1950s and the foundation was visible into the 1980s.

Around 1900, the Government of Nova Scotia replaced the family's original grave marker with a new one after the original had fallen into disrepair. Some of MacAskill's original personal effects from his house, including a bed frame, clothes and chair were removed for preservation and displayed for many years during the mid-20th century at the nearby Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts. These artifacts were moved back to Englishtown after the "Giant MacAskill Museum" was established in the late 1980s on a road-front portion of MacAskill's former property by the "Giant MacAskill Heirs Association". In addition to the collection from the Gaelic College, the museum in Englishtown also houses a more expanded collection of artifacts that had been maintained by family members.

The "Giant MacAskill Museum" was also established in 1989 at Dunvegan on the Isle of Skye and is operated there by a community group, this museum having several replicated artifacts from the Englishtown museum. It is managed by Peter MacAskill, father of the street trials cycle rider Danny MacAskill.

In 1977, the new vessel on the Englishtown Ferry, a cable ferry running across the 700 ft entrance to St. Anns Harbour between Englishtown and Jersey Cove, was christened as the Angus MacAskill. Despite the relatively short crossing, it became the busiest ferry service in Nova Scotia, carrying hundreds of thousands of vacationers and residents every year until its replacement in 2008 by the newly built vessel Torquil MacLean.

title: Angus MacAskill


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Strawberry Alarm Clock

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. Woohookitty 09:48, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

The Strawberry Alarm Clock
Not notable. Phoenix2 23:42, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep A very well known radio show in the Dublin region and quite well known throughout Ireland, definatly notable.
 * Unsigned comment by

--Fenian Swine 02:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP Very well known in the Irish capital.As it says in the article 'Dublin's Favourite'.This radio show would be known by 9 out of 10 Dubliner's in the street.Definetly notable.
 * These comments are the first contribs for their respective IPs. Gwk 00:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep  Is notable throughout Ireland. User:Mavetunney 01:50, 16 July 2005 (GMT)
 * Above comment is user's first and only edit. EvilPhoenix talk 00:54, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Will consider changing vote upon arguments from established editors demonstrably from Ireland. EvilPhoenix talk 00:54, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unencyclopedic local radio show CDC   (talk)  02:26, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I'm demonstrably from Ireland. The page is accurate, the show exists, and is relatively well known in Dublin. Notable? I don't know what the threshold is for ghastly morning-commute radio shows and don't care. Ben-w 03:20, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable Irish radio program as per Ben-W. If decided not to be notable, please have as redirect to the sixties band Strawberry Alarm Clock who had a huge hit with "Incense and Peppermints". Capitalistroadster 05:40, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic. JamesBurns 06:39, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If anywhere, this belongs in the page about the radio station.  Almafeta 16:21, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Should be kept and added to the FM104 page. The show IS very well known in Dublin. Tunney 00:59, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with FM104. It's on the bubble of notability IMHO, though I suspect the standards for what makes a notable drive-time radio show depends a great deal on the size of the radio market in question. Just as an example, I'd take as a minimum standard Loren and Wally from Boston's WROR -- they are so well known in the Boston radio market that their parody songs have been played on other stations in the area from time to time, and their presence pretty much overshadows every other jock at the station (Matt Siegel, from WXKS in the same market, probably also qualifies). That said, I would ironically consider their station to be non-notable -- it's not exactly a cookie cutter station, its format defies easy categorization (classic hits, I believe it's best known as), but they are not the first station to hold those call letters and they're one of a stable owned by a fairly minor conglomerate whose major claim to fame is being early adopters of HD Radio. I would argue that if we were to assume some validity to the "Loren and Wally" test, altogether very few jocks meet the standard to begin with, and few of those jocks would be outside major markets. (I don't consider syndicated jocks in the same category -- they tend to be inherently notable. This "test" applies strictly regionally.) Haikupoet 04:38, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into FM104: A Google search for ("The Strawberry Alarm Clock" +FM104), with quotes as noted, returns 634 results. I find it non-notable for its own article, but if it truly is so well-known, put it into the FM104 article. --  CABHAN   TALK   CONTRIBS  04:41, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/American Robin nest.JPG

American Robin nest.JPG

I found this birds nest the other day and once i saw it, I knew I needed to take a picture of it. What I like in this picture is the detail that the camera has captured. There is so much life in the leaves surrounding the nest, and the texture appears so realistic that you could practically feel the leaves. In addition, you can even see the individual twigs/straws used to build the nest, even fresh grass that was probaly taken from when i mowed my lawn. Even the egg has a lovly shade of blue that the camera managed to capture just right. I believe because of this, and the beauty of the picture overall, it deserves to become a featured picture on the site.

style="color:green">Talk ]] 16:45, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - ZeWrestler 23:42, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Good picture. I hope this has better luck than the last nomination of a turdus nest. The other nest pictures in American Robin are also quite good. :) - Haukurth 01:11, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * support Good picture. -- Shivu § Mesg 4 Mè §  05:08, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, but I'll be more impressed if there were actually baby birds in the nest. — Stevey7788 (talk) 20:55, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. From the way that the lighting shows up, it looks as if a flash was used (correct me if i'm wrong)... just gives it a rather unnatural look. It's als a little hard to see the details of the nest given the large mass of leaves. Enochlau 15:49, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No flash was used from what i remember when I took the picture.(Will double check, camrea record on picture to verify when i return from work.) As for the details of the nest, are you looking at the picture with its full resolution? Because I see the details very easily. -- ZeWrestler   [[user talk:ZeWrestler| <span
 * Metatag says nothing about a flash with the picture, i went back to the nest today to see if the lighting from the sun might have had an effect, but the bird egg was broken open, and the baby was gone. my guess is the nest was abandoned. -- ZeWrestler   Talk 21:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It was just the lighting gradient from bright on left to darkish on right that made me thought it was a flash, but regardless, that makes it look a bit odd. The details of the nest can't be seen clearly as the nest isn't in focus! The focus is unfortunately on the leaves. Enochlau 11:38, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ( − ) Oppose Nothing special to me. Use Irfanview and look at the exif data, that photo definetly looks like it's used fill flash (hence the kind of unnatural look to the colors) --Fir0002 10:02, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - a good-focus, well-lit, pic - Adrian Pingstone 08:45, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I agree with Fir0002 --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  20:42, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- Longhair | Talk 12:56, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - Good focus. Great image. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 20:19, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Subject is not emphasized enough; neither egg nor nest is sharply defined. Bevo 22:19, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * +6/-5 This link is Broken 13:28, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This image is about to be deleted and replaced by duplicate image Image:American_Robin_nest.jpg (extension case different). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dcoetzee (talk • contribs) 11:13, 20 February 2008 (UTC)


text:
Vlado Chernozemski

Vlado Chernozemski (Bulgarian: Владо Черноземски; born Velichko Dimitrov Kerin, Величко Димитров Керин; 19 October 1897 – 9 October 1934) was a Bulgarian
 * Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.
 * Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 ", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."
 * The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.
 * Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.
 * Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.
 * Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.
 * Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010, SBN 3034301960, p. 139.
 * Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić, Purdue University Press, 2020, ISBN 9781557538925, p. 46.
 * The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism, Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, Oxford University Press, 2022, ISBN 9780199858569, p. 544. revolutionary and assassin. Also known as "Vlado the Chauffeur", Chernozemski is considered a hero in Bulgaria today. The official historiography in North Macedonia regards him as a controversial Bulgarian.

Chernozemski began his revolutionary activities in 1922 when he joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Soon after, he became an assassin for the IMRO. He killed two notable Bulgarian politicians, communist Dimo Hadzhidimov, and IMRO member Naum Tomalevski. Both times he was sentenced to death, but he escaped from his first imprisonment and was released from the second. After his release in 1932, he became an instructor for the Ustaše. He trained a group of three Ustaše to assassinate Alexander of Yugoslavia, but eventually killed Alexander himself on 9 October 1934 in Marseille. He was then beaten by French police and spectators, and died the same day. French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou was also killed by a stray bullet fired by French police during the scuffle following the attack.

Croat and Macedonian circles celebrated his act. For murdering King Alexander I, Chernozemski was posthumously declared the most dangerous terrorist in Europe.

Early life
Velichko Dimitrov Kerin was born in the village of Kamenitsa, then in the Principality of Bulgaria, now a quarter of the town of Velingrad. His father, Dimitar Kerin, and his mother, Risa Baltadzieva, were both local peasants. He received primary education in his native village. His mother died when he was 14 years old and the young Kerin was induced to help his father feed the family along with his younger brother and two sisters. Chernozemski joined the military in Plovdiv. During World War I, he served in the engineer corps. After the war, he worked as a driver and watchmaker. As a youngster, he was prone to drinking alcohol, but later reformed and became a vegetarian. He married in 1919. In 1923, his daughter Latinka was born. In 1925, he divorced and remarried. He lived in Sofia until 1932. According to a conspiracy theory promoted by himself, he was born in a village called Patrick near Štip, that was burned down by the Serbian army during the Second Balkan War, and was never restored. His mother and father were therefore living in Bulgaria as refugees. He used different aliases and pseudonyms such as Vlado Georgiev Chernozemski, Peter Kelemen, Vlado the Chauffeur, Rudolph Suk, Vladimir Dimitrov Vladimirov etc. Even his second wife did not know his real name or anything about his past. There are no records of him in Bulgaria beyond 1932, but he was re-identified in 1934, after his death in France.

IMRO
A legend describing Chernozemski as Vlado the Driver (Владо Шофьора) appeared in Macedonia, since he worked for a company in Dupnitsa as a driver for a short time. In the early 1920s, he moved to Bansko, when the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was re-established by Todor Alexandrov. Chernozemski joined the IMRO in 1922 in the unit of the voivode Ivan Barlyo. From 1923 to 1924, he was a member of Trayan Lakavishki's cheta. Chernozemski also entered the region of Vardar Macedonia with IMRO bands and participated in more than 15 skirmishes with Yugoslav police. He soon became one of the best marksmen in the organization, known for his courage, sangfroid and discipline.

Assassin of the IMRO
In 1925, Ivan Mihailov became the new leader of the IMRO. In this period the organization took actions against the former left-wing activists, assassinating several of them. Mihailov assigned Chernozemski to assassinate MP Dimo Hadzhidimov, a member of the Communist Party of Bulgaria and former IMRO member. Chernozemski was arrested and sentenced to death by hanging for Hadzhidimov's assassination, but his execution was never carried out. In 1925, Chernozemski escaped from a police escort.

In 1927, Chernozemski proposed to the IMRO Central Committee to enter the main conference building of the League of Nations in Paris and detonate grenades attached to his person, in order to attract the attention of the world and generate publicity over the question of the Bulgarians in Macedonia, but his proposal was rejected. In 1929, the leadership of the IMRO called on Ante Pavelić and the Ustaše for cooperation.

In 1930, Chernozemski, following an order by Mihailov, assassinated another member of the IMRO, Naum Tomalevski, and his bodyguard. Tomalevski had been a prominent member of the IMRO. For the second time, Chernozemski was sentenced to death, but he was pardoned in 1932.

Assassination of King Alexander and death
After his release from prison, Chernozemski disappeared. He moved to Italy, where he became an instructor for the Ustaše in a camp in Borgotaro. He was then transferred to the Ustaše camp in Janka-Puszta, near Nagykanizsa in Hungary. The main purpose of this camp was planning for the assassination of King Alexander I. Chernozemski was the instructor of the group of three Ustašas: Mijo Kralj, Zvonimir Pospišil, and Ivan Raić, who were preparing to assassinate the king. On September 29, the four terrorists arrived in Paris, and on October 6 they split into two groups. Chernozemski and Kralj moved to Marseille, where the king was expected to arrive on October 9, and Pospišil and Raić, moved to Versailles where they planned a second attack in case of failure of the first one. Chernozemski later concluded that the other members of the group were unprepared psychologically.

As King Alexander's motorcade drove at a few miles per hour down a Marseille street, Chernozemski emerged from the crowd, approached the king's car and leapt onto its running board while concealing his Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistol in a bouquet of flowers and chanting "Vive le roi" ("Long live the King"). He shot Alexander repeatedly, hitting him twice, once in the abdomen and the other in the heart; King Alexander died within minutes. The chauffeur—who tried to push Chernozemski off the car—and General Georges were also shot. Chernozemski killed the chauffeur, apparently unintentionally. A police officer fired at Chernozemski but missed and fatally wounded Alexander's companion French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou. The chauffeur died almost immediately, with his foot pressed on the brake of the car, providing the opportunity for a photographer outside the car to photograph most of the grisly affair. Barthou might have survived, but did not, apparently because of inadequate medical attention.

After shooting a policeman who tried to seize him and inadvertently killing two bystanders, Chernozemski then futilely attempted to flee the scene but was struck by a slash from an escorting cavalryman's sabre, stunning him. He then received a non-mortal bullet wound in the head from a nearby police officer, and was fatally beaten by the enraged crowd while the police stood back and watched. Chernozemski was then brought in for interrogation. Since the assassin was in critical condition, he was unable to say anything and succumbed to his injuries later that evening, 10 days before his 37th birthday. The French police were unable to identify him; they could only register the tattoo on his left arm containing skull with crossbones, a sign reading "В.M.Р.O." (Bulgarian initials standing for Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization) and the initials "С.И.С". He was buried in an unmarked grave in the Marseille cemeteries with only two detectives and the gravediggers present. A Yugoslav journalist who saw the tattoo told the press it was the symbol of the IMRO. In the night of October 10, the French police arrested in Paris the Ustaša terrorists Zvonimir Pospišil and Ivan Raić. Five days later Mijo Kralj was arrested, who admitted everything. As a result, an exhumation was organized and fingerprints were sent from Paris to Sofia and Belgrade. On 17 October it was officially announced from Bulgarian police that the killer was Vlado Chernozemski. His act was celebrated in Croat and Macedonian circles.

Legacy
In 1934, sections of the Macedonian Patriotic Organization, named after him, were founded in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and Shepparton, Victoria, Australia.

According to an article by the last leader of the IMRO, Ivan Mihailov, published in 1971 in the Macedonian Patriotic Organization's newspaper Macedonian Tribune under the headline: "A necessary clarification. What was Vlado Chernozemski's nationality", the following is stated: Chernozemski remains a symbol of lasting friendship between the Croatian people and the Bulgarians, but in no case he is a symbol of any Macedonian nation, such as Chernozemski had never met anywhere in Macedonia, although he had been there for a long time as a guerrilla ... We need to point out that both, under the Ottoman regime and in the Great war against Serbia, as well as between the two world wars, not some imagined Macedonians, but only Bulgarians, fought against the Serbian rule in Macedonia. Per Mihailov, anyone who claims he was not a Bulgarian insults his memory.

In October 2000, he was commemorated by a group of Macedonians as a martyr for the Macedonian cause. VMRO-DPMNE also participated in the commemoration. A memorial plate was erected in his honor in Velingrad in October 2005, with the financial support of VMRO-BND and a Macedonian Bulgarian association "Horizonti" (Horizons) from Ohrid, current North Macedonia. In Bulgaria, there are streets named after him in Blagoevgrad and Velingrad.

title: Vlado Chernozemski


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User:Sever

Moved content to User: severoon.

title: User:Sever


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User talk:BradOlson

June 2014
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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LGBT people
Please note that you cannot use a photo on a person's self-published Instagram account as a source for their sexual orientation — for one thing, the photo completely fails to actually clarify whether Lila McCann identifies as "L", "B" or "Q". You need to find a source in which she uses spoken or written words to label her sexual identity, not just a photo of her hugging another woman. Thanks. Bearcat (talk) 22:36, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

July 2020
Please do not remove content or templates from pages on Wikipedia, as you did to List of one-hit wonders in the United States , without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. If you only meant to make a test edit, please use your sandbox for that. Thank you. Sum mer PhD v2.0 05:20, 19 July 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:BradOlson


text: User talk:69.245.221.93

title: User talk:69.245.221.93


text: User talk:69.85.148.118

title: User talk:69.85.148.118


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Talk:List of English words containing Q not followed by U

Possible additional words
Comparing this list to a similar list in The Scrabble Book by Gyles Brandreth (ISBN 1851525181), I noticed multiple words that appeared in that list but are not in this list. That list claims to be sourced to the 1983 editions of Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary, Webster's New International Dictionary (Second Edition), Webster's Third New International Dictionary, The Random House Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary and The Oxford English Dictionary. Unfortunately, it doesn't specify which word comes from which dictionary, and I don't have access to the dictionaries in question (either 1983 or current editions) to verify. However, maybe somebody else does and wishes to look into these further. The words in question are:

bathqol - a divine revelation in Hebrew tradition

qaneh - an ancient Hebrew measure of length

qantar - a Mediterranean unit of weight

qasab - an ancient Near Eastern unit of length

qasaba - an ancient Arabian measure of area

qobar - a dry fog of the Upper Nile

qs - the plural of the letter q

qt - quiet; usually used in the phrase 'on the qt'

qvint - a Danish weight

shoq - an East Indian tree

shurqee - a south-easterly wind of the Persian Gulf

trinq - an oracular statement in Rabelias' Pantagruel

zaqqum - a tree with bitter fruit, mentioned in the Koran

zindiq - a heretic extremely unfaithful to Islam Lowercaserho (talk) 20:36, 28 September 2018 (UTC)
 * From memory, I think I've seen qantar in my Scrabble dictionary (could be wrong) and qs and qt definitely aren't in (I think you'd spell it q's). I'm also fairly sure I'd have played qvint had I seen it in there, though not sure enough to say it definitely isn't in there. I'll check it against my dictionary when I have access to a faster computer.-- Laun chba ller 06:56, 29 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Maqam?; taqsim? Joefromrandb (talk) 20:26, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

Words with QU where the U represents a full vowel
Normally in English the QU combination is pronounced /kw/, or sometimes /k/, and is followed by a vowel. Maybe this article should include a sentence or two about words where a U after a Q represents a full vowel, such as qū, qurūsh, Quran, or whatever the various dictionaries may contain. While such words are technically outside the scope of the list as defined by its title, they are usually terms borrowed from languages (in these cases Chinese and Arabic) where the Q is an ordinary consonant that may or may not be followed by U, like almost all the words currently in the list are. --Theurgist (talk) 23:38, 24 May 2019 (UTC)

In fact this point has been raised more than once since the page's creation, above, and more examples have been cited, such as qubit. Usually foreignisms or new coinages, words with -qu- where the -u- is a full vowel are more akin to most words in this list than to the "ordinary" English words containing -qu-. Another recurring point is that many of the words listed are realia of the respective cultures and thus not truly English words. See a recent and brief discussion at the Language Reference Desk. --Theurgist (talk) 19:50, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Such cases may be interesting, but they don't seem to fall within the scope of the title of this article (see discussion at ( above). By the way, using "q" to transcribe Hebrew alphabet ק or Arabic alphabet ق is historically correct -- all three have a common origin. AnonMoos (talk) 15:20, 27 May 2019 (UTC)

Qatar...
...is the name of an Arabic country. It begins with Q not followed by U. Alfa-ketosav (talk) 14:24, 7 January 2020 (UTC) It's on the list. jhg

Proper nouns
I see a lot of references to words being excluded specifically because they are proper nouns, but I cannot see any reason that proper nouns are excluded as a rule. Conceivably some people don't want them included because this list serves use for avid Scrabble fans, but that is absolutely not Wikipedia's scope. I propose that the lead be reworded and (appropriate) proper nouns be included in the list. -- HTGS (talk) 20:08, 23 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, that would lead to overwhelming the list with an indefinite number of Arabic, Chinese, Albanian, Inuit placenames etc (potentially many thousands of them), as is already basically explained in the article. AnonMoos (talk) 03:17, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

 * I don't see how these thousands of words would all be supported by references in reasonable dictionaries... but maybe the entry criteria are more relaxed than I assumed? -- HTGS (talk) 11:58, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

 * That's part of the problem -- once names are admitted, then there's no clear boundary between which should be included and which should be excluded. I included the word POTENTIALLY in my comment above for this reason. AnonMoos (talk) 13:21, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

 * There is absolutely a clear boundary; those words supported by reputable dictionaries can be added to the list. Iraq can easily be added by referencing any dictionary, while Saqib cannot. -- HTGS (talk) 13:28, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

 * I doubt there's as much agreement between dictionaries as you assume, considering that different dictionaries have different purposes and degrees of comprehensiveness. Names of fully-sovereign countries are very easy to decide, but once you start to dig down further, many names would be caught up in a gray penumbra of uncertainty, which invoking dictionaries in general (instead of one specific dictionary) would do little to resolve... AnonMoos (talk) 14:13, 24 August 2021 (UTC)

 * I can't figure out what you mean by "invoking dictionaries in general". I don't suspect that editors should allow entries from The Big Dictionary of Arabic Baby Names to be added. If a word is included in the OED or Webster or Collins though, then it is unambiguously an English word. I'm sure, as we do for any other change, we can decide as we go which dictionaries are appropriate or not.
 * I also notice you are using a script or editing tool that makes changes to other people's comments. Could you please turn that tool off when editing talk pages? Thanks. -- HTGS (talk) 00:51, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Different dictionaries, even among general purpose mainstream dictionaries, have different policies and different intended uses. I suspect that the single-volume American Heritage has more name entries than the many-volumed big OED (at least among the editions that I've examined).
 * Unfortunately, since the stupid encryption protocol upgrade was imposed in December 2019, I mostly can only edit Wikipedia through an indirect method which is not fully Unicode-compliant, as discussed at User_talk:Baseball_Bugs/Archive024. The only way for me to get around the stupid imposed encryption protocol upgrade was to buy a whole new computer, and I eventually did that -- but buying a new computer still didn't allow me to get around the stupid imposed encryption protocol upgrade when posting from home (only when using public WiFi at a different location, something which it's not practical for me to do more than a few hours a week).  To get around the stupid imposed encryption protocol upgrade at home, I would have to get a completely different type of Internet service than the one I have, and this new Internet service would not work with my old computer (which I still use quite regularly, and in fact am using right at this moment). AnonMoos (talk) 01:30, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

how many?
so the page says there are 4422 such words, one of the photo captions says there are 72 such words, and the chart lists "82" of them. what thu...??

for starters, are the 82 here just a RANDOM SAMPLING of the 4422 or what? or are the rest all PROPER NOUNS, such that only 82 are considered fully "incorporated" into english? i notice that neither iraq nor qatar on the list, for example, despite being singled out elsewhere on the page.

and what's with 72 vs 82? is one or other a typo? 2601:19C:527F:7890:74B6:FD6C:2AC9:78A4 (talk) 19:44, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

prereq!
why is the single most common word of all missing from this list?!

prereq, perq, and tranq are recognized by certain dictionaries, yet only the relatively rare (imho) "tranq" makes the list?

perq and tranq are usually respelled with a -k (perk, trank); i am not sure how many dictionaries actually list the q versions (maybe calling them "dated" or "obsolete"?). but surely "prereq" is in most! it does NOT get respelled, afaik, and is a wildly common word, at least in US english. i dare say it might be the MOST common word of the entire LIST (72, 82, 4422, w/e), were it included!!

i wanna "be bold" and add it, but surely there must be some reason it was considered and left out, so i will ask here. how on earth is "tranq" on this list and not "prereq"?!?! 2601:19C:527F:7890:74B6:FD6C:2AC9:78A4 (talk) 19:44, 1 January 2024 (UTC)


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User talk:ProfitlineInc

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Samw 23:47, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:ProfitlineInc


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At the Carnival

At The Carnival is a puzzle video game by Cliff Johnson published in 1989 by Miles Computing.

It was intended to be the first of a series of games called Puzzle Gallery, but Miles Computing went out of business before any further games could be made.

At The Carnival is a collection of games similar to some in The Fool's Errand, but with enhanced user interfaces. The endgame puzzle is simpler compared to Fool's Errand and 3 in Three, consisting merely of a crossword puzzle filled by key words found in other solved puzzles.

Plot
The game has no overarching story as such; each puzzle shows a small section of Hazard Park, an amusement park with woeful disdain for its customers. Completing the puzzles in a particular section displays the fate of the unfortunate guests at a given ride, attraction, or location for that particular section.

One puzzle in the game has Cliff Johnson describing the discovery of Elmer McCurdy.

Gameplay
Some of the major puzzle types in the games include:
 * Jumbles - mixed-up words to be reordered.
 * Word searches - find words hidden in a grid of letters
 * Cryptograms - decipher encrypted phrases
 * Crosswords - fill answers into boxes based on specified clues. (Not full-sized crossword puzzles.)
 * Word grids - rearrange 9 letters into a grid to make words in all horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions.
 * Polygons - fit pentomino-like polygons into a grid; letters on the polygons spell out words.
 * Jigsaw puzzles - rearrange cut-up pictures to remake the original
 * Concatenations - several buttons concatenate letters to the current phrase; find the correct order to build a complete phrase
 * Mazes - various types of mazes that must be navigated
 * XOR displays - a set of buttons XORs various shapes together; the right combination of buttons will produce a word

Release
The original version of the game was for Macintosh. A port to MS-DOS was made, but it is not as visually appealing due to the lower resolution available to IBM PC-class machines at the time (320×200 VGA vs. 512×342 minimum on Macintoshes). In later years the author made the game freely downloadable Freeware on his website. Cliff Johnson strongly recommends playing the Macintosh version instead of the MS-DOS version, using an emulator such as Executor or Basilisk II if necessary.

Reception
Compute! stated that players would find At the Carnival "hard to stop playing", with "the best mazes you'll ever see on the Mac".

Macworld noted that At the Carnival made certain improvements on Johnson's previous game The Fool's Errand, including color graphics and built-in hints; however, for the reviewer, At the Carnival missed some of the magic of The Fool's Errand, lacking its mythical journey and animated finale. The review concluded that At the Carnival was an enjoyable game, that its "only real problem may be that it has to follow a masterpiece." Macworld inducted At the Carnival into its Game Hall of Fame in 1989 in the Brain Teaser category.

title: At the Carnival


text:
User:Runix

I am majoring in literature at the University of Toronto.

title: User:Runix


text:
User talk:Runix

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Runix


text:
Dome of Soltaniyeh

The Dome of Soltaniyeh in Soltaniyeh city, Zanjan Province, Iran, traditionally so called, is a complex of ruins centering on the Mausoleum of the Mongol ruler Il-khan Öljeitü, also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh. The estimated 200 ton dome stands 49 meters (161 ft) tall from its base, and is currently undergoing extensive renovation. Other names the Dome of Soltaniyeh is known by are the Oljeitu Dome, Dome of Sultaniyya, the Tomb of Oljeitu and Gonbad-e-sultaniyeh.

The main building, erected between 1302 and 1312 AD, may have the oldest double-shell dome in Iran, an idea about the construction put forth by scholar Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy. It is one of the largest brick domes in the world, just at the theoretical engineering limit for a brick dome and the third largest dome in the world after the domes of Florence Cathedral and Hagia Sophia. Much of its exterior decoration has been lost, but the interior retains superb mosaics, faience, and murals. The Dome of Soltaniyeh paved the way for more daring Iranian-style cupola constructions in the Persianate world, such as the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi and the Taj Mahal. Its importance in the Islamic world may be compared to that of Brunelleschi's cupola for Christian architecture.

History and patronage
The Mongol invasion of the Islamic world began with the conquest of eastern Iran in 1221, and ultimately ended the period of Abbasid rule (750-1258). The Mongols conquered most of West Asia, and a branch of the dynasty known as the Ilkhanids (1256-1353) concentrated most of their power in Iran.

The Mongol presence in Iran was marked by a shift away from traditional cities dependent on an agricultural hinterland to ones with an emphasis on access to pasture. An example of this new type of Mongol city was the city of Sultaniyya in northwestern Iran. Arghun, the Ilkhanid ruler of Iran at the time, established Sultaniyya as his summer capital. His son, Muhammad Oljeitu Khudabanda, furthered the city’s development and transformed it into the capital of the empire. After Oljeitu’s death, the city began a steady decline. Today, only two buildings remain that which show evidence signs of Sultaniyya’s its former wealth and importance: the octagonal tomb of the Dome of Soltaniyeh and an adjacent khanaqah, a building designed specifically for Sufi gatherings as a spiritual retreat. The quality of the preserved tomb attests to the richness of its patronage by the Sultan Oljeitu.

The large domed tomb chamber of Oljeitu was meant to rival the colossal tomb built by the Seljuq Sultan Sanjar at Merv in 1157. The tomb of Oljeitu has an octagonal plan, like the Tomb of Ahmed Sanjar, with both complexes being sponsored by the Ilkhanid court and were considered some of the most prestigious buildings at the time.

The Global Heritage site of Gonbad-e-sultaniyeh has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2005. It followed the specific historic UNESCO criteria landscape of four characteristics: ancient and historical monuments, farms, urban landscapes, and the Historical Grass of Soltaniyeh.

Architecture and interior design
The Dome of Solteniyeh was one of the largest religious endowments of the 14th century, and was utilized for multiple functions, such as Quran reading, praying, teaching, housing, and medical purposes.

The construction of the double-shelled dome employed an interlocking arched herringbone network. The Dome of Soltaniyeh was one of the first to use this pattern in Iran, and is unique in choosing brick for its material as previous similar architectural structures often utilized wood.

As for the interior of the tomb, it is decorated in tile and plaster. The insides of the iwans’ walls possess white inscriptions that stand out against the blue background. The underside of the iwans are stuccoed with bands of ornament, that were later painted. A significant inscription--outlined with ogival forms sculpted over cloth--circles the entire dome. The galleries have low, wooden or marble railings. The windows are fitted with bronze screens, along with bronze knobs and balls set with gold and silver.

Following Islamic convention, Oljeitu’s tomb was placed in a garden, known in the Quran as a rawda. This word was also added to the railing of the Prophet Muhammad’s tomb in Medina. Because of this, rawda became the label for funerary structures in Iran. Thus, Oljeitu’s tomb was referred to as a rawda. Additionally, Oljeitu ensured that water could be successfully stored and utilized in the complex, through the use of qanats and wells. A qanat is a downward sloping channel intended to transport water. Due to this, the flora and fauna surrounding the tomb were able to survive for a long time; specifically, “the gardens around the tomb complex were still being maintained in the seventeenth century.”

A 16th c. illustration made by Matrakçı Nasuh reveals that the face of the complex was split into two stories and was “flanked by minarets and surmounted by five domes.” According to a later drawing of the tomb by Flandin and Coste, one can see possible evidence of a cap wall projecting from the northeast corner.

Influence on other monuments
Because Oljeitu’s tomb was one of the most significant works of its time, it became an inspiration for many other complexes, both within and outside of Ilkhanid culture. Distinct features of the complex were later found on many other monuments, such as placement of paired minarets above a portal. This trend began in the Seljuq period, then became a normal inclusion in Ilkhanid buildings.

The Tomb of Oljeitu, like other Ilkhanid tombs, was integrated into a great complex--which no longer remains. These complexes were the “precursors of the type of large, planned funerary complexes, known as kulliye, that (were) built by the Ottomans at Bursa and elsewhere beginning in the second half of the fourteenth century.”

Another trend derived from Oljeitu’s tomb is the style of five domes placed above the portal. The Blue Mosque built by Saliha Khanum in Tabriz was inspired by this design; its portal and projecting sanctuary were very similar to Oljeitu’s complex. This famous tomb of Oljeitu remained an inspiration for several imperial Mongolian tombs, even the Taj Mahal.

Dome of Soltaniyeh in Relation to the Santa Maria Del Fiore
The Dome of Soltaniyeh features many architectural similarities to Brunelisschi’s dome for the Santa Maria Del Fiore.

There are several architectural similarities between the two domes. Structurally, both domes feature an arched network of herringbone bricks, called in Italian “spina -di -pesce”. The Dome of Soltaniyeh's high sphero-conical dome on an octagonal base exhibits is the same structure as the Santa Maria Del Fiore, both with eight ribs supporting each structure.

Finally both domes, feature a double-shelled structure. The Dome of Soltaniyeh was the first example of this structure in Iran, and several scholars hypothesize that it is possible for the construction system of Soltaniyeh to have been disseminated from Iran to Brunelleschi in Italy, in the time span of almost a century.

Many academics argue that because of these similarities, and many more, that the Dome of Soltaniyeh influenced the Santa Maria Del Fiore, which was constructed 100 years later. However, it is possible that Bruneleschi and his engineers may have independently come up with the same solutions to similar architectural challenges that both domes faced.

title: Dome of Soltaniyeh