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Cumbia villera

Cumbia villera (roughly translated as "slum cumbia", "ghetto cumbia", or "shantytown cumbia") is a subgenre of cumbia music originating in Argentina in the late 1990s and popularized all over Latin America and Latin communities abroad.

Lyrically, cumbia villera uses the vocabulary of the marginal and lower classes, like the Argentine lunfardo and lenguaje tumbero ("gangster language" or "thug language"), and deals with themes such as the everyday life in the villas miseria (slums), poverty and misery, the use of hard drugs, promiscuity and/or prostitution, nights out at boliches (discos and clubs) that play cumbia and other tropical music genres (such as the emblematic Tropitango venue in Pacheco), the football culture of the barra bravas, delinquency and clashes with the police and other forms of authority, antipathy towards politicians, and authenticity in being true villeros (inhabitants of the villas).

Musically, cumbia villera bases its sound in a heavy use of synthesizers, sound effects, keyboard voices, keytars, electronic drums, and other elements from electric instruments. Cumbia villera's characteristic sound was created using influences from Colombian and Peruvian cumbia, cumbia sonidera and cumbia santafesina in the realm of cumbia, and from reggae, ska, Argentine folklore, and electronic music in other music genres. Lastly, the creator of cumbia villera, Pablo Lescano, admitted that his lyrics were influenced by bands from Argentine punk rock, like 2 Minutos and Argentine rock rolinga, like Viejas Locas. Over time, the genre has evolved, bands and artists have explored different sounds, and new fusions have arisen, such as cumbia rapera, with Bajo Palabra mixing cumbia villera with hip hop, and tropipunk, with Kumbia Queers mixing cumbia villera with punk.

For its characteristics, cumbia villera has been compared to gangsta rap, reggaeton, rock rolinga, raggamuffin, baile funk, and narcocorrido, among other music genres.

History
Cumbia villera was born in the late 1990s, amid an economic and social decline in Argentina. The introduction of neoliberal economics in Argentina in the early '90s gave a quick boost to the nation's economy but progressively marginalized large areas of society, and by the late '90s, Argentina was in a great depression. Some of the most affected by this crisis were workers and the lower classes, and among them were the inhabitant and dwellers of the villas miseria (slums or shantytowns) in Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, which favoured cumbia and other tropical music genres. However, through the '90s, Argentine cumbia bands such as Grupo Sombras or Grupo Green didn't touch social issues, and in fact, their lyrics were limited to themes such as love or partying.

It was in this situation that in 1999, the first cumbia villera band was born in the depths of Villa La Esperanza, a slum in San Fernando, Buenos Aires (in the north of the Buenos Aires metropolitan area). Pablo Lescano, then keytarist from one of these cumbia bands, Amar Azul, started to pen new songs with more aggressive lyrics. His band rejected them, so he began saving money from the royalties he earned from Amar Azul songs in order to buy instruments and equipment for producing an independent record. He created a new group with a different aesthetic, different lyrics, and a different sound, Flor de Piedra. In his new project, Lescano limited himself to songwriting and managing. Flor de Piedra released the first cumbia villera album, La Vanda Más Loca, by sending the master to a pirate broadcaster due to lack of interest from major record companies. When the song used as the promotional single and first cumbia villera song, "Vos Sos Un Botón", started to dominate the airwaves, the Leader Music label grew interested in the band.

The group's records began to receive heavy airplay, and soon the poor, the marginalized, and the unemployed identified with the new musical genre, and cumbia villera spread to other large urban settlements, eventually rising to popularity across Argentina. By 2000, dozens of cumbia villera bands were playing and recording, one of which was another Lescano project, Damas Gratis, which he formed after a motorbike accident that cost him his place in Amar Azul.

Other bands also went beyond the original foundations of Flor de Piedra and started to explore new sounds and themes, borrowing elements from rock (Los Gedes) or classical (Mala Fama), and writing lyrics that were either more socially conscious (Guachín) or radically aggressive (Pibes Chorros). The crisis that exploded in 2001 in Argentina strongly boosted cumbia villera's popularity and solidified it as an Argentinian icon.

It was at this point that some of the best albums in the history of cumbia villera were released, including 100% Villero by Yerba Brava (2001) and Sólo Le Pido A Dios by Pibes Chorros (2002). The genre and its repercussions were widely discussed in the mainstream media, with debates in major newspapers, magazines, TV shows, and radio shows, and the phenomenon even reached television, with Tumberos (2002), and film, with El bonaerense (2002) and El polaquito (2003).

Cumbia villera bands began touring neighbouring countries, North America, and Europe, spreading the genre beyond its original boundaries. This "Argentine invasion" influenced artists in other countries, including Uruguay (La Clave), Paraguay (Los Rebeldes), Bolivia (Diego Soria), Chile (Buena Huacho), and Mexico (Cumbia Zero), which contributed musically to the genre by incorporating different regional styles and influences as well as local vocabulary and slang.

Trends in Argentine cumbia started to change by 2003, owing to the election of president Néstor Kirchner and the subsequent improvement in the nation's economy. Additionally, the Argentine music industry began to pressure bands to stop using controversial lyrics, and censorship from broadcasters and the COMFER reduced cumbia villera's prevalence. Christian advocacy in the villas also contributed to these changes. Newer cumbia villera bands, such as La Base and El Original, mostly avoided controversial themes and instead sang about love, naming their style cumbia base to avoid some of the stigma that cumbia villera had acquired.

Through the first decade of the 2000s, cumbia villera continued to have a stronghold among workers and poor communities all over Latin America, with new bands forming each year. The biggest names in the genre continued to tour, including Damas Gratis and Pibes Chorros. As late as 2007, 30% of total sales in the Argentine music industry were from cumbia villera records. However, the genre's predominance and influence in Latin America decreased with the rise of reggaeton in the mid 2000s, and bachata and cumbia wachiturra in the 2010s.

In the 2010s, promotion of cumbia villera bands by mainstream music publications like Rolling Stone, the organization of concerts at popular venues, and the close collaboration and financial production of cumbia villera bands by mainstream musicians such as Andrés Calamaro, Vicentico, and Fidel Nadal suggested that the genre was alive and well.

To this day, cumbia villera remains known as the most aggressive, defiant, and socially conscious style of cumbia ever made.

Circumstances
Ever since the 1930s, there has been a strong migration from the provinces (as well as from neighboring countries like Peru, Paraguay, and Bolivia) to the Greater Buenos Aires area, where factory jobs beckoned. Migrants brought along their culture; the musical mix and the dynamic sounds of big-city life eventually gave birth to new styles. Notably, chamamé from Corrientes was cross-pollinated with Andean music and cuarteto from Córdoba province. Peruvian cumbia bands, such as Los Mirlos, were much in demand in the Buenos Aires suburbs. During the 1970s and 1980s, tropical was used as a catch-all term for this hybrid.

In the 1990s, commercial interests started promoting local cumbia numbers such as Amar Azul and Ráfaga with a more sophisticated image and an emphasis on attracting wider audiences. Traditional cumbia lovers looked for "authentic" acts, and many bands obliged by settling on a square cumbia beat and writing lyrics that delved ever deeper into themes of crime and drug abuse. A pioneering act was Pibes Chorros. Other bands in this vein include Yerba Brava and Damas Gratis.

The pauperization of vast segments of the population due to the economic slowdown that started in 1998 enlarged the social substrate that sustained the genre. The term cumbia villera took hold in the media, and many bands were propelled into fame when emerging football stars from the shantytowns, such as Carlos Tevez, proclaimed their allegiance. When his schedule allows, Tevez is lead singer for Piola Vago.

Cumbia villera may be musically related to other local cumbia scenes, such as Mexican cumbia sonidera and chicha, from Peru.

Parallels
Whilst traditional cumbia dancing bands often use a full brass section, cumbia villera recordings are often made at the lowest possible expense. As this usually entails the use of synthesizers, Argentine cumbia can be described, like Algerian raï, Romanian manele or Brazilian baile funk, as a "low-fidelity, high-tech" genre.

title: Cumbia villera


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Talk:Robot Rock (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Robotrock.jpg
Image:Robotrock.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 04:19, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:54, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

Robot Rock → Robot Rock (album) – Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 02:26, 20 June 2011 (UTC) To make way for Robot Rock (song) to be moved here, per WP:COMMON. Google: "Robot Rock" + "Joy Electric" (16,600) vs. Google: "Robot Rock" + "Daft Punk" (804,000). —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 06:11, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Support renaming the album. Prefer disambiguation of primary name. 65.94.47.63 (talk) 06:08, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Robot Rock (album)


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Talk:Scutigera coleoptrata

Yellowish Grey
I'm changing the intial information to "often yellowish grey" instead of just "yellowish grey". The latter description seems to describe that they are always like this but that is not true. I have seen quite a few reddish/brownish (I admit they're rarer, that color is probably less adaptive in western households) in my lifetime and the japanese geji-geji seems to never have the clorization of their western counterparts. It seems like the gejigeji may be it's own species, maybe the reddish variant is it's own species, but until there is a seperate page on them I am changing this. --66.253.36.46 (talk) 01:43, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Update and example because I noticed this was reverted at some point. A brownish/red centipede found in conneticut with some black dorsal colorization: http://images.whatsthatbug.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/house_centipede_conneticut.jpg. Another clearly reddish variant of a house centipede: http://entomology.unl.edu/images/centipedes/housecnt.jpg This 'GejiGeji' from Japan is nearly outright black: http://park2.wakwak.com/~negibouzu/ikimono/kirai/gejigeji.jpg. I am changing it back accordingly. --66.253.36.46 (talk) 03:25, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Updating again. I thought it was also worth noting that the house centipede disambiguation page also directs to Allothereua maculata, which look just like house centipedes in every picture I can find, but are characteristically black looking (http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3635/3365184790_d03a3883cb.jpg). I'm curious now as to whether these variations in color really signify different species and where the line is drawn. I have never seen a blackish house centipede here in the states but I've seen quite a few with a red rustish color. Are these just scutigara coleoptrata with color variation, or a different species entirely? The australian Allothereua appears to be given a distinction from scut. though the wiki page on it is extremely uninformative. Is this distinction to be drawn for the color variations common in the western hemisphere as well? I'll leave the edit I made for now until it's revealed that the other colors are other species entirely but this has me quite curious now. --66.253.36.46 (talk) 00:14, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Major changes to article
Good day. I have performed major changes to this article. You can compare the changes by looking at the old article and the new article. Let me know if any of the changes are inapropriate. Also note that i have archived all discussions prior to this (2008 and earlier). Have a nice day. Rehman (talk) 04:22, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I personally don't really like it. It makes it so you have two big blocks of drab text, then at the end, a tiny gallery with a few pictures. I think it unbalances the article. Kevin (talk) 01:19, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

I personally don't like the new page either. The 'Interaction with Humans' section(found on the first article) has been completely removed. I considered this the most important aspect of the HOUSE centipede. You need to delete this crappy new article. As Kevin said, it's format is also undesirable. Two big blocks of drab text, followed by some crap pictures. -2.18.2009 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.253.215.137 (talk) 22:56, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

What's with the name change?
I'm not sure when it moved, because for some reason the revision history goes back all the way to 2004, when this was still called "house centipede" when I first read this in the middle of 2008. But whose cockamame idea was it to rename this article from "house centipede", a name that many people are familiar with, to its binomial species name, "Scutigera coleoptrata", which probably around a dozen people in the world are familiar with? This isn't a biology encyclopedia! The article on "ant" isn't titled "Formicidae", the article on "cat" isn't called "Felis catus", and the article on "Red Panda" isn't called "Ailurus fulgens". It's Wikipedia policy (either written or by convention) that on animals, the title should be the most common name of the animal, and it should only mention the Binomial name. Kevin (talk) 01:28, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Responded after your comment on my talk age. Rehman (talk) 12:23, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Moved back now. This is the first time I've ever used (or needed to use) the "move" button on the browser, and before now, it was just decoration. Kevin (talk) 18:49, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
 * You are, of course, right that we should be using the common names in general. However, when that name is ambiguous, it is often prudent to choose another. "House centipede" means different things in different places, so I have moved this article back to its scientific name, and created a disambugation page at house centipede. It even looks like some of the incoming links may have meant Allothereua maculata originally; it's better for them to go through a disambiguation page that to be misdirected. --Stemonitis (talk) 09:13, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
 * As much as I hate to admit it, it seems you're right. I'd move this article back to house centipede, but now that there are articles on two separate species known as "house centipede", that's no longer feasible. Unlike before where it seemed the only reason this article is named "Scutigera coleoptrata" is to be difficult, now that there're two species named "house centipede" I can't in good concience move it back. Oh well. Good luck on the new "Allothereua maculata" article, and make sure to mention how the species is different from Scutigera coleoptrata. Kevin (talk) 18:47, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Australia
Since there seems to be some confusion with the name, I checked through the claims made about Australia here. I could not find any reference for the edit by 71.120.192.107 in June 08 that the biggest specimen ever found was 6 1/2 inches. Seems a bit long to be the same. I could also find any sources but wikipedia clones that verify that this species has become "incredibly invasive" as added by 24.229.178.82. Could someone please check if they can find something. Otherwise I'ed say we take that out. The new Allothereua maculata page still needs to be added to the Centipede page list. [Sorry can't DIY that. I'm not up with all the newfangled code stuff) 76.97.245.5 (talk) 10:21, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

I've taken this out, now. If someone finds a reference, plse. put it back in. 'Due to their nature of living in cool dark places with long lifespans, they have become an incredibly invasive species. The largest recorded specimen is 17 cm. ' 76.97.245.5 (talk) 19:41, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

Headings and picture placement
There don't seem to be any standard headings for arthropods. Their prey doesn't fit in "Morphology" though. I borrowed "Hunting and diet" from another predatory animal article. The two pictures I put back in also go with this topic. There are a couple of things that can/should be added about their hunting, so I think it warrants its own heading. Please suggest what we should call it. Lisa4edit (talk) 09:38, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

 * If we include a description of how it hunts, then I would suggest a Behaviour section; if it's merely a list of what it eats (and what eats it), I tend to call it Ecology. --Stemonitis (talk) 09:47, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Why not both, then no one can complain. (Or more likely everyone will :-). I'll make an edit and see how it'll work out. Thks. Stemonitis for the input. (Lisa4edit)76.97.245.5 (talk) 16:41, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

Sting
I hate these creatures, absolutely hate them and destroy them on sight. Per the link to the fact sheet at the bottom of the article these little bastards can have a sting equivalent to that of a bee; I wonder if it can cause anephylactic (however it is spelled) shock, too. Why is there no info on this in the article? I would like to know if they are dangerous to my 16 month old daughter? I just killed a big old one just a few minutes ago (which made me think to go here) and will be laying down some glue traps and spraying the Ortho Home Defense Max Perimeter treatment. Die you little bastards, die! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.224.0.230 (talk) 05:40, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I just got bit by one. I didn't really notice any pain. I was too busy screaming like a little girl! I have permanent willies! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.98.58.49 (talk) 19:08, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
 * As you might imagine people who invest time into this article and know house centipedes well enough to answer your questions may not really share your sentiments. An anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of an allergic reaction.  While roughly 100 people die each year in the US because of bee stings there are no reports of anyone dieing from being stung by a house centipede.  (If you find a credible source reporting a case please let us know.)  There are no scientific reports on any case of anaphylactic shock due to Scutigera coleoptrata.  Despite 71.98.58.49's recent experience they rarely sting people.  House centipedes have a notable Eeek! factor but they are really very useful creatures.  If you have an infestation it means that they can find other bugs in your home to eat.  If you can get rid of those the house centipedes will go elsewhere for food. --71.236.26.74 (talk) 00:30, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I realize that I'm one year and one day late in replying to this topic... Just wanted to set anyone's mind at ease when it comes to these wonderful creatures. House (Indoor) centipedes are quite beneficial, especially when you're seeking to remove Earwigs and what I like to call 'Aggressive-Appearing Arachnids'. These little guys will eat most pests right up, while leaving you completely unscathed. (Except for the rare occasion where they walk on your feet while reading Wikipedia articles. So anyone reading this in the future, please don't worry about them. ;) ☼Ṅạẇạḟ Ṙạṡḥiḍ☼ (talk) 23:25, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Your personal dislikes and phobias have no relevance to the article. "Why is there no info on this in the article? " You want there to be info in the article on you wondering something? -- 98.108.211.71 (talk) 23:45, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

There is above mention that in the absence of other bugs, house centipedes disappear. My experience has been different. I haven't seen a single insect (other than Scutigera) in three years, presumably because they've all been eaten. And yet for three Springs and three Autumns in a row, the frequency of Scutigera has remained unchanged. They are here to stay! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.121.145.115 (talk) 21:00, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Being ectotherms, they probably do not have to eat much to stay alive. JRSpriggs (talk) 06:41, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

Human interaction section botdeleted
I'm copying the former text of this section here. Either we have been hit by a very smart vandal or somebody's well intended attempt at improving the article ended in a bot erasing bits of it. I'll try to source it bit by bit and put it back to prevent that from happening again.

Unlike its shorter-legged but much larger tropical cousins, S. coleoptrata can live its entire life inside a building, usually the ground levels of homes. Because of their alarming appearance, frightening speed, and worries about their bite, few homeowners are willing to share a home with these creatures. The bite of most house centipedes is incapable of penetrating human skin. Those that do give an effect no worse than a minor bee sting, and the symptoms generally disappear within a few hours. However, the bite can cause health problems for those few who are allergic to the mild venom of its bite, which is similar to that of most other centipedes. It is possible in some cases that a rash may develop and many minuscule bumps can form, an allergic reaction which might be comparable to a bee sting in terms of pain, or to a mosquito bite in terms of itchiness. The house centipede's venom is too weak to cause any serious harm to larger pets such as cats and dogs. Techniques for eliminating centipedes from homes include drying up the areas where they thrive, eliminating large indoor insect populations, sealing cracks in the walls, and seeking the assistance of an exterminator. 71.236.26.74 (talk) 00:30, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Distribution
This edit In South Africa, they have been found in the Western Cape, in and around Cape Town (sightings have been reported in Pinelands and Gordon's Bay) and also in KwaZulu-Natal, in the city of Pietermaritzburg. needs sources. I left a message on the editor's talk page, if s.o. else comes across s.th. please add. Otherwise we'll have to remove it from the article. (lisa4edit)71.236.26.74 (talk) 10:25, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

I'm curious about the US distribution. There's no citation, and I have personally seen these in a house in Maryland (presumably east of Virgina, unless the article is referring to the Virginia coast). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mandarinmarie (talk • contribs) 17:46, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

They are in our home in Southern California. We have NO spiders in the house, or any other bugs, just these guys!69.36.67.122 (talk) 04:10, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

Size of Scutigera Coleoptrata
What are the known recorded measurements regarding the adult size of this creature? I am just a guest of the site wanting to better this page for future reference.

Taking out "thousand leggers"
Sources I've found refer to millipedess not centipedes and non referred to scutigera coleoptrata. Put it back in if you have a source of common usage of "thousand leggers" for this species. (Preferably by people who know what they are looking at.) 99.11.160.111 (talk) 02:51, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

Unfortunately I don't have a citable source for it, but in my region the term "thousand legger" refers specifically to this species and is not meant to be a literal translation of the "millipede" nomenclature. I do think a disambiguation or a redirect to this page should be created since many people from this region would likely be searching under "thousand legger" rather than "scutigera coleptrata." Medleystudios72 (talk) 19:15, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Please don't mix species
The reference for the presumed Japanese name "gejigeji" shows a picture for a different species. Please compare http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/evolution-centipedes/scutigeromorph-centipedes/images/index.html http://living.in-japan.jp/2007/04/tale_of_gejigeji.html I have no idea whether usage in Japan is in any way specific or if any scutigeramorph that remotely looks like a house centipede is referred to as gejigeji. Until someone can come up with definite references, though, I'll take this bit out again. 99.11.160.111 (talk) 04:37, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Up from drains?
Currently there's a line in the article: "It usually crawls from sewer drains."

Is this really true? I've read elsewhere that people, finding them in the bathtub near the drain, assume that they climbed up from the drain... but that they really were just thirsty, smelled water droplets in the bottom of the tub, climbed up the wall adjacent to the tub and went down into it, looking for a drink. Then, if it's a clean tub, the walls may be too slick for them to crawl back up, so they're trapped in there, and it may look like they came up through the drain. Actually I don't know if that's true either, but I think the idea that they crawled up through the drain is questionable at best. In my experience, they can't swim and are easily drowned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.243.17.62 (talk) 17:03, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Vandalized?
Recently someone linked this in a 4chan forum. I find some part of this article subtly changed to troll people like running towards women to hide in their dresses. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.237.73.165 (talk) 06:12, 11 August 2012 (UTC)

?????
on the first page of this website there is a picture of this house centipede under its scientific name (scutigera coleoptrata), in this picture you can count 28 legs which is 14 pairs of legs which is an even number of pairs of legs. In the facts page, it states that this house centipede "interestingly always has an odd number of pairs of legs", what is even more interesting to me is that they managed to get a picture of one of these guys with an even number of pairs of legs.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.253.39.252 (talk) 04:49, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The pictured centipede does in fact have 15 pairs of legs by my count. As mentioned elsewhere in the article, the back "antennae" are actually legs that have evolved to act as fake antennae, so they count as a pair of legs as well, but you may have been not counting them. --The Human Spellchecker (talk) 20:06, 13 June 2013 (UTC)

Four Inches???
The article states that these can grow to 4 inches in length. I could not find any source saying that, every source states the maximum length is 2 inches. Which is correct?

 * You obviously do not have them in your house. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.215.115.31 (talk) 21:42, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

The bodies are about 2", the antenna make them look around 4". Gross looking!69.36.67.122 (talk) 04:06, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

Japanese Wikipedia article link
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%82%B8

This is the Japanese link- it also lacks a link to the English page. I don't know how to add links to other languages in the sidebar, so someone please do it. Thanks. 14.53.186.162 (talk) 23:53, 1 July 2015 (UTC)
 * I verified the link provided and found that it was for a page on the order Scutigeromorpha, of which S. coleoptrata is a member. The Japanese Wikipedia does not appear to have a page specifically dedicated to S. coleoptrata, and the English Wikipedia does not have one for order Scutigeromorpha (only a subsection under "Centipede"), so there fortunately do not appear to be missing links. Pliny the Elderberry (talk) 01:50, 1 September 2019 (UTC)

Shock and thanks!
I hadn't previously the pleasure (terror is more the feeling I had) of meeting this little 16 legged creature. Someone in the office called it a silverfish and I knew that was wrong, but wanting to discover what it was I looked it up anyway. Google did bring up a silverfish picture and I saw in a few of the images the house centipede. This has not made me feel any better about it's presence in my office, but at least I know what it is now! Thank you for the education and your time. 104.218.24.11 (talk) 18:17, 20 April 2016 (UTC)Mindy, North Carolina

Cannibalism
I put two of these in a container, and the next day, all that remained of one of them was scattered legs. Are they known to eat each other? And if so, is the part that says "it kills and eats other arthropods" misleading? Germyb (talk) 17:09, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scutigera coleoptrata


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hitler Portraits

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:25, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Hitler Portraits
Delete. Wikipedia is not a picture gallery. WAvegetarian 16:45, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and ExpandThis gallery of Hitler portraits will be linked to the Adolph Hitler biography page. There is not enough room on the Adolph Hitler bio page for the numerous portraits.  These portraits will strengthen Wikipedia and should stay.  Endurance 16:53, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to commons:Adolf Hitler, but can we first ensure that we have copyright info about all of these please? Saying that though, I think we could have an subarticle from Nazi propaganda dealing with specifically Hitler paintings, but it must contain text not just images. Dunc|☺ 16:58, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As per template:GermanGov these are unfree images because they cannot be altered and therefore cannot be used. Change vote to Delete Dunc|☺ 18:19, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * These portait images are all over the Internet and are not copyright protected. Endurance 19:23, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Unless this page is going to discuss portrayals of Hitler, I can't see how it is an encyclopedia article. And it starts a prescedent, which if followed would have serious server implications (a gallery for everyone). So delete  (and if they are 'all over the internet' do we need them here?) --Doc (?) 20:09, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete article and images. Wikipedia is not an image-hosting service. The images that have copyright tags on them are unfree images (no modification allowed), and I have no reason to believe that the others do not have this restriction. --Carnildo 20:14, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useful and copyright-free ones can be added to Adolf Hitler, any others should be deleted. Niteowlneils 20:54, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. The hitler article is 53 K. The pictures page took longer to appear than the hitler article. If you can not create a sub-article when your article is too long, what are you supposed to do? Copyright is a reason to delete individual pictures, not the whole page unless there is nothing left. These look like nazi propaganda pictures, so why would they be copyright now? Anyway, they make quite an interesting collection of how he wished to be portrayed, especially number 2.Sandpiper 23:55, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the "article" per Carnildo. Image galleries are not encyclopedia articles.  They belong on Commons rather than WP.  Because these images are unfree, delete them as well. -- Jonel | Speak 02:32, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete the page (not the images). I'm pretty sure this goes against wikipedia policy in no uncertain terms. -R. fiend 03:29, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, an image gallery is not an article. However, if it became an article with text containing artistic, social, historical and political criticism of the images I'd vote to keep. Wyss 13:43, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 00:44, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Unless the page discusses some more encyclopedic matter, eg how the portraits reflect on Hitler's public image at the time. --Ypk 02:50, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 14:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Richfield High School

Richfield is a name for several high schools in North America, including:

 * Richfield High School (Idaho), Richfield, Idaho
 * Richfield High School (Minnesota), Richfield, Minnesota
 * Richfield High School (Ohio), Richfield, Ohio
 * Richfield High School (Utah), Richfield, Utah

Also:
 * Richfield High School (Waco), formerly located in Waco, Texas

title: Richfield High School


text:
Talk:Gau (Final Fantasy)

Hopping Lancer?
Where does that come from? When I made the list of classes of each character, I got them from the text that appears next to their name on the menu screen. It was simply "wild child". -- Myria 21:22, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Linking directly to gamefaqs FAQs
Gamefaqs has an anti-leech mechanism set up, you can do what some articles do and mention that it requires a cut and paste of the URL, or find another source.--BigCow 20:48, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gau (Final Fantasy)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Soignee

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:23, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Soignee
Dictdef: Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Gblaz 16:46, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - worthless in this context (and not even spelled properly}. Deb 17:11, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dicdef. --PrologFan 17:51, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Jaxl 18:27, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Soignee


text:
Talk:Setzer Gabbiani

Untitled
Ryan Norton T 01:54, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Kingdom Hearts II
Thanks to the person who posted about Setzer being in Kingdom Hearts II --- I had no idea that he would be.

- Agent0042 1-5-2005 16:46 EST

Albino
Setzer's classified under fictional albinos?!?! No! He isn't! Fujin looks like one, but not Setzer! -Northwindbrat —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Northwindbrat (talk • contribs).

title: Talk:Setzer Gabbiani


text:
Atlantic Airlines (Nicaragua)

Atlantic Airlines was an airline based in Nicaragua's capital city, Managua. It was a scheduled and charter airline, established in 1997 and operating domestic and international flights in Central America. Its main base was Managua International Airport. The airline ceased operations in 2007.

Destinations

 * Managua - Bluefields - Daily
 * Bluefields - Managua - Daily
 * Bluefields - Big Corn Island - Daily
 * Big Corn Island - Bluefields - Daily
 * Managua - Puerto Cabezas - Daily
 * Puerto Cabezas - Managua - Daily

Fleet
The Atlantic Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (at March 2007):

 * 5 Let L-410 UVP-E
 * 1 Let L-410 UVP-E20

title: Atlantic Airlines (Nicaragua)


text:
Italian Unabomber

The Italian Unabomber is the moniker referring to an unidentified terrorist who carried out a series of bombings in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions of Italy between 1994 and 2006.

The Italian Unabomber placed small booby-trapped objects in public spaces in Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia which were designed to detonate when handled by a passerby and seriously injure but not kill the victim. The Italian Unabomber was named by the international press in reference to Ted Kaczynski, the American Neo-Luddite terrorist and mail bomber known as the "Unabomber", but the Italian bomber made no political or economic demands. Over 30 explosive devices were attributed to the Italian Unabomber, and resulted in numerous people receiving injuries including the removal of digits and limbs.

On August 28, 2006, Italian police raided the house of Elvo Zornitta, a 49-year-old engineer, who had been under surveillance for a year with assistance from the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation. In January 2009, after years of investigations, the case was dropped after the prosecutors asked for its dismissal due to lack of evidence. Zornitta received €300,000 as compensation for his arrest and trial, which included false evidence.

To this day, the Italian Unabomber remains unidentified. In October 2022, at the request of a journalist and a victim, the case was reopened by the local prosecutor's office thanks to the discovery of DNA and blood traces that once could not be analysed due to lack of suitable technologies.

Origin of the name
The name Unabomber is borrowed from that of a US terrorist, Theodore Kaczynski, the perpetrator of various bomb attacks over the course of eighteen years. Before his capture, he was identified by the FBI with the initials UNABOM (UNiversity and Airline BOMber), which was then deformed by the media. However, the similarities between the Italian and the US Unabomber are tenuous at best.

In 2005, the director of the Gazzettino of Venice, Luigi Bacialli, decided to change the name to the assonant and derogatory one of Monabomber, which exploited the vulgar Venetian expression mona, which refers to the female genitalia and is used colloquially to indicate a stupid person. The choice marked the distance from the original Unabomber and intended to discredit the unknown, or at least avoid his gratification: in this sense it was shared by authoritative signatures, but was rejected by others who recognised it as a violation of the laws of journalism in Italy, which require separating facts from opinions.

The new name was also met with the dissatisfaction of the Gazzettino journalists, considering the name to be a satirisation of the attacks, these people refused to reproduce it in the body of their articles, so that the name Monabomber was limited to the title. Even the Veneto journalists union and the FNSI distanced themselves from the Bacialli initiative. The change at the top in the editorial board of the Gazzettino finally returned the name back to Unabomber.

Activities
The Italian Unabomber struck regularly, but was not considered a serial killer, as his actions were aimed not at killing but at hurting, even if they sometimes bordered on fatal outcome. Nor should he be considered a terrorist, since he acted in accordance to an obscure motive, without claiming responsibility for his criminal acts and their meaning. Some investigators believe it is possible to challenge him with the aggravating circumstance of asking him the purpose of his terrorism. However, a motive has never officially been established. The state has granted compensation to some of the victims of Unabomber, as is generally the case for victims of terrorism. The first seriously injured woman, Anna Pignat, however, died in 2008 without having received compensation. Instead, it was obtained by Anita Buosi (90,466 euros), Nadia Ros (38,418) and the two nine and six-year-old girls injured in 2003 and 2005 (190,455 and 53,786 respectively)

Unabomber is wanted for a series of personal injury events of varying severity and for attempted murder.

Criminological profile
One element that distinguishes the Italian Unabomber is the impossibility of creating a precise operational scheme of their attacks. Some peculiarities can only be noted, such as the fact that the most affected localities were Pordenone and Portogruaro. It can also be assumed that it targets small towns rather than cities to terrorize the population more effectively. Among the common features of the attacks, the tendency to carry them out on holidays or during the summer season, in crowded places relevant to the occasion (churches on religious holidays, beaches during summer, squares during carnivals), stands out. The fact that he did not commit any crimes between 1997 and 1999 has led some to hypothesize an impediment (prison time for an unrelated crime, military experience, etc...). In addition, he seems to know the territory well, so he could be from western Friuli, if not really just from Pordenone.

Attempts at profiling have come back with the description of a person aged between 35 and 50, given the prolonged time of activity and the knowledge demonstrated in his traps. The way his explosive devices were prepared reveals not only excellent dexterity and skill in chemistry and engineering, but also obsessive attention to detail. Considering the time needed to prepare such devices, it is likely that he lives alone and/or in an isolated area. It is not excluded that he may have observed some of the explosions from afar, but in his modus operandi there was no tendency towards exhibitionism or the intention to leave a signature.

There are many hypotheses on the motives, based on the fact that most of the victims were hit on the occasion of Catholic holidays or in places of collective gathering. The preferred victims do not belong to recurring social categories, against which there could be a fury caused by contempt, but the victims are ordinary people or even children. According to some psychologists he could suffer from a trauma or an impairment, which would push him to lash out and strike at somebody without aiming at any specific target.

Current situation
The last attack carried out by the Italian Unabomber dates back to 6 May 2006. A long period of silence is still ongoing today, which lends itself to various interpretations. Possible explanations include that the bomber may have died, or may have been arrested for another crime and not identified, lost interest in striking, or is simply on a long hiatus. However, there are those who formulate more refined hypotheses, arguing that he may be in psychotherapy or even in drug therapy. Some investigators, such as Domenico Labozzetta, declare a substantial lack of trying, due to the fact that the investigations have never really come close to the person responsible for the attacks. Some investigators, however, believe that the Unabomber case is far from closed, arguing that local police forces need to periodically review the case.

1994

 * August 21, 1994
 * The first attack attributed to the bomber occurred during a bird parade attended by 50,000 in Sacile (near Pordenone). Four people sustained minor cuts from debris scattered by the crude bomb planted on the ground.
 * December 17, 1994
 * A bomb-tube was found in front of a Standa shop in the town of Pordenone.
 * December 18, 1994
 * A bomb was discovered inside a church in Aviano (near Pordenone).

1995

 * March 5, 1995
 * Two distinct bomb-tube explosions were observed in the downtown area of Azzano Decimo.
 * September 30, 1995
 * In the first attack resulting in a serious injury, an elderly woman activated a booby trap, resulting in an amputated arm.
 * December 11, 1995
 * Bomb explodes in Aquileia.
 * December 24, 1995
 * Bomb explodes in Latisana.
 * December 26, 1995
 * Bomb explodes in Bibione.

1996

 * April 2, 1996
 * Bomb explodes in Claut.
 * April 22, 1996
 * Bomb explodes in Bannia di Fiume Veneto.
 * August 4, 1996
 * Bomb explodes under a beach parasol in Lignano Sabbiadoro, injuring a holidaymaker.

2000

 * July 6, 2000
 * A pipe bomb explodes at a beach in Lignano Sabbiadoro, injuring a former police officer.
 * September 13, 2000
 * A bomb explodes in San Stino di Livenza.
 * October 31, 2000
 * A bomb placed inside an egg at the supermarket 'Continente' in Portogruaro is discovered and defused by bomb disposal technicians.
 * November 1, 2000
 * A bomb explodes in San Stino di Livenza.

2001

 * November 2, 2001
 * A 63-year-old woman was injured when a votive candle in a cemetery explodes in Motta di Livenza.
 * November 6, 2001
 * A bomb explodes after it is placed inside a tube of tomato sauce, on sale at the 'Continente' supermarket in Portogruaro, seriously injuring a woman in the left hand.
 * November 17, 2001
 * A bomb is discovered inside a mayonnaise sauce tube by an alarmed customer and safely defused by bomb disposal technicians in Portogruaro.

2002

 * July 23, 2002
 * A bomb is discovered in the supermarket 'Iperstanda' inside a Nutella jar and safely defused by bomb disposal technicians in Porcia.
 * September 2, 2002
 * A child was injured when opening a bottle of soap-bubble solution in Pordenone.
 * November 2002
 * A woman at Cordignano lost a thumb and two fingers while handling a booby-trapped tube of tomato paste in her kitchen.
 * An unnamed woman from near Venice discovered an unusually heavy and hard tube of mayonnaise she had bought in a supermarket. Police discovered a primitive explosive device within the tube.
 * A man reported to police that an egg he had bought at a local market had been tampered with. No injuries. Police found a hair and traces of saliva in adhesive tape on the egg box and extracted a DNA sample.
 * December 25, 2002
 * A bomb explodes outside the Duomo in Cordenons.

2003

 * March 24, 2003
 * A bomb explodes when placed inside a flush toilet at the Justice building in Pordenone.
 * April 25, 2003
 * Two girls in San Biagio di Callalta were injured when they handled a booby-trapped marking pen. One nine-year-old lost three fingers and suffered injuries to her eye.

2004

 * April 2, 2004
 * A bomb is discovered inside a church in Portogruaro and safely defused by bomb disposal technicians.

2005

 * January 26, 2005
 * A Kinder egg placed in the street in Treviso exploded after being kicked by passing schoolchildren. Such eggs usually contain a toy or prize. None of the children were harmed. The attack took place near the Treviso court house, and so may have been designed to taunt investigators there.
 * March 13, 2005
 * Three children were injured when one attempted to light an electrical votive candle during Mass at the church in Motta di Livenza. The girl inserted coins and turned a handle to operate the candle when a small bomb exploded, injuring her left hand and two bystanders.
 * March 16, 2005
 * One Italian Unabomber-style bomb was found in a small fish box in a humanitarian supply box sent to Romania from the village of Concordia Sagittaria. The bomb did not explode due to a low battery charge.
 * July 9, 2005
 * An unexploded bomb was found under the seat of a female's pushbike in Portogruaro, which had been left for several days in front of a train station. The bomb probably did not explode due to an electrical malfunction in the bomb's battery, caused by intense rain in the preceding days.

2006

 * May 6, 2006
 * Massimiliano Bozzo, a 28-year-old nurse from Mestre, walking with his girlfriend near the mouth of the river Livenza, found a bottle apparently containing a message. The bottle also contained an explosive device which exploded damaging his left hand, with consequent loss of his thumb.

2009

 * January
 * Italian Unabomber suspect Elvo Zornitta is acquitted.

title: Italian Unabomber


text:
Saint Anne, Alderney

Saint Anne is the main town of Alderney in the Channel Islands.

Geography
Saint Anne is located about 10 mi off the coast of Auderville in the Manche department of the Normandy region of north-western France. As of 2010, it has an estimated population of 2,000, compared to an estimated 2,400 who actually live on the island; they have traditional names such as vaches (French for cows) and lapins (French for rabbits, given after the rabbits found in the island). The town dominates much of the island, almost extending up to the Braye Harbour to its north, which is the main port of entry to the island and the town. It is located on a high ground at the centre of the island on the northwest direction.

Victoria Street, founded in 1836 and serving as the town's main thoroughfare, is the commercial hub with shops, pubs and restaurants, along with banking and post office services flanking both sides of the street. The museum presents pictures of the island with dramatic presentation of its military history; the town and the island having earned the epithet "Gibraltar of the Channel" during wartime. France is seen from here, as it is only 8 mi away from the island. The Alderney Journal, the locally produced newspaper, has an office on Ollivier Street.

The Luftwaffe command bunker and tower and the German naval tactical headquarters were both located in St Anne during the Second World War.

St Anne is also the name of the only Church of England parish in the island. The ancient parish church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was at the lower end of the main street, fell into ruins and was replaced in the late 1580s by a chapel of St. Anne. The parish church of St. Anne was renovated in 1850. After the Second World War, the church was renovated again.

Climate
The climate in St. Anne is temperate, moderated by the sea, and summers are usually warmer than elsewhere in the British Isles.

Under the Köppen climate classification, St. Anne has an oceanic climate, however it exhibits characteristics of a Warm-summer Mediterranean climate(csb). St. Anne experiences cool, wet winters and mild summers with moderate rainfall. February is the coldest month with an average high of 8 C ( F), and a low of 6 C ( F). July and August are the warmest months, with an average high of 18 C ( F), and a low of 15 C ( F). December is the wettest month with 72 mm of rain, and June is the driest month with 17.8 mm. Snow is very rare. Average Sunshine hours are around 1930 annually.

History
The founding of St Anne can be traced to the 15th century. During the Second World War, in the period between 1940 and 1945, Germans occupied the entire island, with their headquarters and military establishments located at St. Anne. The island's entire population, including that of the town, was evacuated before the islands were invaded in 1940. The Germans converted the place into a concentration camp; the labour force of 6,000 suffered untold miseries and many fatalities.

During this period the island and the town became a German fort. The Luftwaffe built a bunker and tower in the town. The tower, known as a "water tower", was a multistorey structure which housed the headquarters of the German Defence Forces of Army, Navy and Air Force. All these units had their own establishments with bunkers and reinforced structures, each with independent telecommunication network facilities. The defence system featured a network of tunnels dug in the several islands, including Jersey, Guernsey and Alderney. Within Alderney, nine such tunnels connected all the fortifications, with the headquarters centred at St Anne. These tunnels had a clear rock cover of 35 m, which made them impregnable to aerial bombing.

The court house in New Street, also used for sittings of the States of Alderney, dates originally from 1850. The court room was destroyed by the German occupying forces but rebuilt in 1955.

Alderney's official records were mostly destroyed during the Second World War, but family history volunteers have compiled all of the available records, both civil (except censuses) and ecclesiastical, and have contacted those persons who could provide further information. Several hundred families in various regions of the island, with genealogies tracing to the 1800s, have been categorized as old Alderney families, Breakwater families and others, with family names of Duplain, Gaudion, Hougez, Le Vallée, Ollivier, Pezet, Audoire, Batiste, Barbenson and Renier, Le Cocq, Le Mesurier, Sebire and Simon. As the island was re-surveyed after the German occupation, no land records are available for the period before 1945, although baptism registers since 1662 have been located from several sources.

The British Pound and the Guernsey Pound are both legal tender on the island. Commemorative coins of Alderney have been issued since 1989.

Noted places
Some of the noted places in St Anne town are St Anne's Church, the Island Hall and the St Anne Museum. Public facilities include the logically arranged network of harbour, roads, airport, railway (the only one in the Channel Islands), school and hospital.

Alderney Society Museum
Alderney Society Museum, the principal museum in Alderney, is located in the Old School House on High Street in central St Anne. Exhibits there reflect the history of the town and include a collection of rare maps, a list of British regiments stationed in Alderney starting with 1732, old records, the 1940 Census of Alderney, finds of the Elizabethan shipwreck, and many rare artefacts. The museum is administered by the Alderney Society, which established it in 1966 with the purpose of creating "an organisation dedicated to the historical, environmental and scientific promotion of the island of Alderney". The museum was fully registered in 1993 and received the Museums and Galleries’ Gulbenkian Award for "most outstanding achievement" presented by Charles, Prince of Wales in 1999.

Royal Connaught Square
Royal Connaught Square in the heart of the town takes its name from Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, who visited the island with Queen Victoria. Island Hall on the north side of the square was built in 1763 by Governor John Le Mesurier and served as Alderney's Government House, and later as a Roman Catholic convent school. It now houses the library and museum. Nearby is Les Mouriaux House, which was built in 1779 by Peter Le Mesurier, John's son, and later visited by Queen Victoria and then Queen Elizabeth II in 1956. It was the residence of the first President of Alderney, Captain Sidney Herivel, from 1949 to 1970. Connaught (Irish: Connacht), is one of the four provinces of Ireland.

Transport
The town and the island are easily accessible by sea and air. France is 10 mi across the sea. It is 32 km (20 mi) to the northeast corner of the Bailiwick of Guernsey (of which it is a part) and 97 km (60 mi) from the south coast of England.

Its main port of entry, including for freight, is Braye Harbour, a commercial harbour, a short distance from the town. Also known as Alderney Harbour, Braye is located on the north side of the island at the mouth of the English Channel. It has one of the longest harbour walls in Europe and is, in fact, the longest such harbour wall in the British Isles. The harbour faces out onto the Swinge, which is part of the English Channel. Braye is effectively a suburb of St Anne.

The three-runway Alderney Airport is about 1.2 mi from the town. Alderney Airport is the only airport on the island of Alderney. Built in 1935 and operating since 1936, Alderney Airport was the first airport in the Channel Islands. Located 1 NM southwest of St Anne, it is the closest Channel Island airport to the south coast of England and the coast of France.

Aurigny Air Services (founded in Alderney in 1968), are the only commercial airline that operate flights to and from this airport.

Civic facilities
Sporting facilities are available in the area, including Alderney Cricket Club and Alderney Golf Course, situated to the east of St Anne. The town has a primary school, a secondary school and a post office as well as hotels, restaurants, banks and shops.

The court house in New Street, also used for sittings of the States of Alderney, dates originally from 1850. The court room was destroyed by the German occupying forces but rebuilt in 1955.

The main town is given the epithets, "piquant picturesque town" and "pastel painted village" and is also called St. Anne. The main cemetery is Longis Cemetery.

Healthcare
The principal hospital on Alderney is the Mignot Memorial Hospital, located in the northern part of St. Anne. Serving a population of 2,400, the hospital was established in 2008 and has 24 beds, twelve of which are designated for medical, post-operative, maternity, or paediatric care.

As Alderney, unlike the UK, is not covered by the National Health Service, the hospital is effectively a private practice in which a fee is payable for all care provided. Treatment received by patients in the Accidents and Emergency Department and immediate necessary treatment given by a GP, however, is without charge.

The hospital has two local general practitioners and visiting specialists—especially from the Princess Elizabeth Hospital in Guernsey, which acts as the Mignot Hospital's parent institution—hold out-patient clinics. The hospital has a 24-hour accident and emergency clinic, a physiotherapy department and a small radiography unit. Women giving birth are generally taken to Guernsey.

Swinburne
A.C. Swinburne's poem Les Casquets is based on the Houguez family, who actually lived on those islets for 18 years. The Houguez were originally from Alderney, and the poem describes their life on Les Casquets. The daughter falls in love with a carpenter from Alderney, but moving to his island finds life there too busy. She finds the "small bright streets of serene St Anne" and "the sight of the works of men" too much and returns to Les Casquets.

title: Saint Anne, Alderney


text:
User talk:Biddy5637

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 16:50, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Tag, you're it
Guess who... Alba 19:28, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Or sometimes
...when your brain is fried, and you need a release, you can do something simple like describing yourself in terms of userboxes, which leads you to think about concise depiction of data in pictorial format and the possible exploitations thereof, which gives you new ideas and gets you back into your work rhythm.

Not all those who wander are lost. ;-) And besides, it was months ago. Alba 21:56, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Biddy5637


text:
Kaliyan

Kali (Kaliyan in Tamil) was the sixth fragment of the primordial manifestation of Kroni (evil) according to Akilathirattu, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology and the holy book of Ayyavazhi religion. Unlike other previous manifestations, Kali spread in this yugam (yukam in Tamizh) as maya (illusion). Details of Kali were restated in Ayyavazhi Religion and he is the same Kali mentioned in Kalki Purana.

Kali Yugam
As the time is close to the ascendancy of Kali Yuga, a sage named Guru Muni told Shiva, "Your greatness, the Kroni was created and fragmented into six parts. Five of those parts were made to take birth. However, because none of them obeyed you, all were destroyed by Vishnu(Mayon/Thirumal in Tamizh), and his spirit (the spirit Vishnu took only in the Avatars) was kept in Parvatha Ucchi Malai (In Sanskrit 'uccha' means high, in Tamil 'malai' means mountain). Nonetheless, by the sixth fragment, Kroni still has a birth in Kali Yugam." He also requested that in this yugam his sixth fragment should be created with a body with eight chans (spans - distance from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger extended). Shiva made a proposal to create Kali, in the following manner.

Accepting Guru Muni's request, Shiva replied, "Good. Didn't Vishnu have to come?" Deva Muni replied, "Vishnu was in his ‘Sleep of Wisdom’ (sleeping) in the world." Hearing this, Shiva assembled the following beings: Vasishta Guru of Govuha(? Needs Sanskrit equivalent), Devas of Deiva Lokam, the members of Vaikunta Lokam Kinneras(Kina nathar in Tamizh), Kimpurusha(Kimburudar in Tamizh),and members from all other worlds. He also assembled all the Deiva Ganas. Then he asked the gathering, Is Vishnu in Vaikuntam? If he is not there, then where is he? The conclave repeated that, Vishnu was dead lying (without any activities) in the lower world (Earth).

Hearing this, Shiva replied, "All the previous five fragments were destroyed since they did not respect us. Now it’s his sixth birth, but, even now, he doesn’t realize that no other chances will be provided and he will be sentenced to death. And so, in this birth, he will be created as a human being with the following talents: aesthetics, wisdom, beauty, and sharp intelligence. In the previous Yugas, Vishnu took a body of four spans and head one span. In this yuga, Kali will be given a body the same size of that of Vishnu in all previous yugas. That way, Kali will have no reason for his defeat to argue that is similar to the previous ones. Does anyone have any opinions or objections about it?" The proposal was accepted unanimously by the Devas, chiranjeevin sages, and the brahmins, those who read scriptures. Therefore, Shiva decided to create Kali.

Birth of Kali
At the very moment Shiva made his decision, Kali formed, as a human male, and pushed himself out of the earth in an inverted form. All of Shiva's advisors were amazed and moved by this sight. All of those who witnessed the creation of Kali went to Sivan and reported it to him. At once, Shiva rise from his seat and started walking to see this wonder. Then Nandhi/Nandheesha(Nantheesurar in Tamizh) came across him and said, "Your greatness, you are the one who can’t wholly be known, even by devas. Why are you here? Can I know the reason?" Sivan replied, "I heard that there is a being, born inverted, against dhanam (rule of the land), whose legs were towards sky and head towards flower (flower here - earth). So I am going there, because I want to see it for myself". Hearing this, Nandhi complained, "Dhanam was overtaken, not there, but here. If something happened, you would normally be on your seat, up in Kayilai, and you would control everything. But now all the procedures are disintegrated. Because you stood up from your seat, the whole world will suffer and the dharmam will dissolve. Warfare and deception will rule the world. The land will lack rainfall. The true scripture, which tells about the Brahmam, will be substantially lost." Because of his complaint, Nandhi, along with Siva, returned to Kailaasham.(Kayilai in Tamizh)

Nature of Kaliyan
After getting back to Kailaasham, Nandhi told Shiva, "We'll call Chithira Buthira (Chithira Buthira in Tamizh) and ask him to describe Kali". This request was honored. Chithra Buthira described Kali thusly: "He was born from the sixth fragment of Kroni. His body was made by assembling earth, sky and fire. The water will be Kali's strength. The vayu (air) will be the prana for him. Kali will be the most cruel one, of all the six fragments." Chithira Buthira also noted that Mayon had taken a 4-span body in the previous yugas, as Narasimha, Rama, and Krishna, and so Kali, in this yuga, was born with the body of same size, and he pushed himself out of the earth.

After hearing this, Shiva asked Chitra Buthira to tell about Kali's lifespan, qualities, and power. Chitra Buthira responded with a narrative. Buthira said, "Because [Kali] was born without the instrumentality of normal human parentage, all the 96 Tatvas in his physique are rude and unrefined. Also, because of his unusual birth, he would have his intelligence and five senses rooted in falsehood. His eyes, legs and head will lead Kali towards sin. His nature is not knowing the true nature of the things here. He will have a life span of about a hundred years, and he will attain maturity at the age of fourteen. He will have about ten hundred thousand drops of semen in his body." (Some sources claim this as 10 lakh drops of blood, not semen). "He will attain full bodily maturity at the age of 31. Kali's body, which was built up with blood, bone, veins and muscle, are made of water and earth, and this is used for nothing (useless). His body will have 9 openings outside. This toy (i.e., body) will be controlled by a bird (i.e., soul), and when it’s time for the bird to go, it will fly away, leaving the toy here, and thereby the bird will have no relation with the toy. This bird and the body is free for him in this yuga. And until the bird is with him, Kali's savageness cannot be tolerated. Since his nature is like this, and since he is built up of savageness, he will not be thankful."

Kali in Kailasham (Kayilai in Tamizh)
Shiva, now even more interested in Kali, wanted to see him, so after a deep discussion, Shiva asked Yama, demons, Durga, and 3 crore (or 30 million) ghosts to bring him to Kailasham. All of them went in front of Kali and told him that, "You are asked by Shiva to come to Kailasham". Kali gave a lackluster response. He rolled over, but still his head was inside the earth and the earth was sticky. He was not able to come out. The sky ignored the going-ons as well. Because of this failure to come out, Kailasham trembled, and the witnesses shivered. So some of the spooked witnesses headed to Kailasham and told Shiva that Kali was unable to come out, and the earth was suffering because of that failure. Shiva made a plan. He asked a kammalan, or craftsman, to make a single fork, and asked Nandhi to carry Kali out, using that fork. This proved successful: Nandhi took the fork, walked towards Kali, and took him out of the earth with the fork. As soon as Kali was out, the resulting opening in the earth promptly shut. All of the parties at the site then pulled Kali to Kailasham and presented him to Shiva.

Birth of Durukthi (Kalicchi in Tamizh)
When Kali was presented to Shiva, Shiva asked Kali, "What would you like to have?". Kali, asking the devas or a third party, said, "Is that fellow ready to give me what I need, because he wears a snake on his neck and ash on his forehead, and because he sits on an elephant skin?" Kali disgraced Shiva with this question, causing the devas to advise Kali, "Don’t disgrace Shiva. He was the one who created the world. He was the one who offered food for every life in the world. He was the light which was not even visible to Mayon and Vethan. (This is an allusion to when Shiva appeared in a form of endless lingam of light when there was a dispute between Mayon and Nathan as to who is the greatest and in order to subdue their pride.) Don't worry, he will be able to give what you claim." Kali replied, "If he was the one who made the world, ask him to create a beautiful girl for me."

As per his request, a lady named Durukthi was created from his left rib-bone. And then Kali understood the power of Sivan.

Kali Claiming boons
Seeing all these, the Devas asked Kali to thank Shiva, and the Devas also asked him to claim the boons (blessings and permissions). Kali accepted this, saying, "Your highness, thank you for creating a lady for me. Would you mind giving me other items I need?" Shiva told, "What do you want?" Since Shiva had agreed to offer Kali boons, he started asking for boons which control the whole Universe. This panicked all of the logas, who shivered on hearing the boons of Kali.

Upon hearing of this fright, Shiva asked Parvathi what to do. She replied, "You must satisfy all of Kali's requests, but the fulfillment should be performed under technique." Shiva provided those boons in a roundabout way: he created a man named Agastya(Agatheesar in tamizh, Agasthyar in Grantha Tamizh) with his mind, so that the boons would be given through that man. Agastya was also created with great knowledge of every subject. Having done this, Shiva ordered the newly made Agastya to give Kali all of the boons that he had claimed. Obeying this, Agastya Rushi offered all the boons to Kali and taught him all of the subjects, including the 'Technique of Living Forever'. Subsequently, Agastya reported those accomplishments to Sivan. Among the boons reportedly given (or sold to) Kali, according to Agastya, were the Chakram and Crown of Vishnu. Agastya concluded in his report, "If all these boons are with [Kali], it is impossible to destroy him."

The boons were:
 * The Crown, Chakram and features of Thirumal.
 * Sacred ash of Sivan.
 * Birth of Brahmins.
 * Power, and features of Siva.
 * Power and features of Shakti.
 * Power of Austerity.
 * Power and Features of Nathan.
 * Power and features of Lakshmi.
 * Power and features of Devas.
 * Power and features of Yama.
 * Power and features of Virgin Saraswati.
 * Power and features of Kali.
 * Power and features of Ganesh.
 * Power and features of Muruga.
 * Power to screen the activities of Ekam.
 * Qualities and Features of Prophets.
 * Power and Features of the Whole Universe.
 * The technique of transferring from one body to another.
 * The technique of destroying the world by serious diseases and robbery.
 * The technique of making the whole world fall sleep, by which he might fulfill his needs.
 * The capability of sensing danger.
 * The technique of controlling one's power of speech.
 * The technique of separating husband and wife.
 * The technique of creating frustration among common people, by which destroying them.
 * The technique of killing by practicing magic.
 * The technique of arresting the actions of Nature.
 * The embryo (from which it forms) of nature.
 * The rules and regulations for practicing witchcraft, blackmagic etc.
 * The capability of controlling and creating desires.
 * The rules and regulations of Puja.
 * The rules and regulations of Theetchai.
 * The fate of Sivam.
 * The technique of floating on water and fire.
 * The capability to land on and control the moon.
 * The technique of commanding and controlling animals.
 * The technique of controlling the planets and astrological phenomena which might disturb him.
 * The formula of curing disease (medicine).
 * The forms of Trimurti, and the technique of knowing their origin and the formula for commanding them.
 * The birth of Devas.
 * The formula and technique of flying.
 * The formula of commanding various gods.
 * The formula of Screening.
 * The formula for commanding Thirumal.
 * The formula for commanding Shakti.
 * The formula for commanding Kali.
 * The formula for commanding Devas.
 * The formula for knowing the Fate of the future.
 * The technique of stopping various exploding weapons, and escaping from them.
 * The formula for controlling various venomous beings.

He asked that by these techniques he might live in this world with the dynasty of people born from his semen. And he also asked that all his Five senses should not forget the women (i.e.) his wife Kalicchi.

Promise of Kali
Meanwhile, Vishnu, in the form of an old beggar (Pantaram in Tamizh) on his way to say good-bye to Shiva, met with Kali. Vishnu asked Kali to donate him some of the boons which was given to him. Otherwise, Vishnu threatened, he would overwhelm Kali physically and then proceed with Kali's boons. Kali retorted, "You are an age-old person. Also, you have no army and no sword or any weapons. If I quarrel with you, even the lady on my side will degrade me. So how about this: why not move aside, and leave?". Then Vishnu replied, "Ok, make me a promise [to behave nicely]." Kali asked, "What should I make a promise on?" Vishnu responded, "Promise on your boons, kingdom, your lady, your military and your dynasty." Kali thus declared: "I promise that if I create any troubles to beggars on earth, I, my lady, my boons, my kingdoms, and my military will all fail, my dynasty and I will die, and both my dynasty and I will go to hell." As Kali made his oath, Vishnu got the Chakram from Kali, cursed the Chakram as Money, and gave it back to him. As soon as it was cursed, the chakram asked Vishnu, "When will your curse finish?". Vishnu replied, "It'll be away from you when Kali is defeated." Because Kali now had this new money, Kali told Durukthi, "We now have whatever we need." Kali went to Shiva and asked him to allow him to go to the world. By this point, Vishnu had asked the Devas to write down all the happenings perfectly, and he was already walking towards Vaikuntam.

Kali entering the world
Kali and Durukthi's entrance into the world caused a universal disaster. Upon seeing the two newcomers, all the good animals, birds, reptiles, and even ethics (Neethi in Samskrtham) quit the world. The Animal kingdom started to experience immense torture. A large number of species all departed for Vaikuntam when Kali entered the world: White Elephants, White Lions, White tigers, Five-headed Snakes, White Swans, White Cuckoos, White Doves, White Peacocks, White Cobras, White Wolves, White Garudas, Hanuman, White Crows, White Deers, and Good Rhinoceros. The good Pearls, good Gems, the old Vedas, and good Shastras, also disappeared from the world. The Trishanku (Trichangu in Tamizh) went deep into the sea, along with everything originating in the sea. Gold went into the earth. All the idols of Gods, temples and the sutras (formulas) went into the water and earth. The rain which, up to this point, had fallen three times a month, stopped. Beautiful flowers vanished.

As the wicked Kali came to the world, the ocean waves became angry and washed away many parts of land. All the ethical people went into the forest from the country. There the eldest one among Pancha pandavas, Yudhishthira asked the Dharma Neethi "If all of you have gone away, how can we get to Vaikuntam?". The Darma Neethi replied that the advent of Kali barred the ethical people from reaching Vaikuntam, and thus the Dharma Neethi were going to Vishnu. So the Panchapandavas followed them and headed to Vishnu.

title: Kaliyan


text: Category:Government of Washington, D.C.

title: Category:Government of Washington, D.C.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/People accept reality more when the society is the same

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:28, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

People accept reality more when the society is the same
Most of this orphaned article sounds like original research. I can't imagine anyone searching for this material with this title. Joyous (talk) 16:52, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete bad title, rambling original research CDC   (talk)  20:06, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonencyclopedic. Dcarrano 21:11, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. JamesBurns 06:28, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. Friday 13:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pavel Vozenilek 21:13, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
The White Songbook

The White Songbook is the fifth studio album by Joy Electric, and the first in the band's ongoing Legacy series. The album has a "book" theme, with the songs logically divided into "chapters," which are also songs. These chapters are "The White Songbook," "Hunter Green and Other Histories," "As Children We Are Growing Younger," and "A Frog in the Pond." The introductions to these chapters are relatively short instrumentals, with the exception of "The White Songbook," which is much longer and features spoken text.

The White Songbook almost completely leaves the more recognizably "pop" sound of Joy Electric's previous works, both revealing a much more layered and complex sound, as well as a much more progressive musical style with many songs exceeding the five-minute mark.

Track listing

 * 1) "The White Songbook" – 4:15
 * 2) "Shepherds of the Northern Pasture" – 6:12
 * 3) "And Without Help We Perish" – 5:12
 * 4) "The Boy Who Never Forgot" – 3:51
 * 5) "Unicornucopia" – 6:42
 * 6) "Hunter Green and Other Histories" – 1:39
 * 7) "A New Pirate Traditional" – 3:42
 * 8) "We Are Rock" – 3:35
 * 9) "The Good Will Not Be Cloned or Why Should the Christians Get All the Bad Music" – 3:33
 * 10) "As Children We Are Growing Younger" – 1:41
 * 11) "Sing Once for Me" – 6:31
 * 12) "The Heritage Bough" – 6:45
 * 13) "A Frog in the Pond" – 0:27
 * 14) "The Songbook Tells All" – 6:29

title: The White Songbook


text:
Dick Savitt

Richard Savitt (March 4, 1927 – January 6, 2023) was an American tennis player.

In 1951, at the age of 24, he won both the Australian and Wimbledon men's singles championships. Savitt was mostly ranked world No. 2 the same year behind fellow amateur Frank Sedgman, but he was declared world No. 1 by The New York Times following his Wimbledon victory. He retired the following year to concentrate on a career in business. Savitt is one of four American men who have won both the Australian and British Championships in one year, following Don Budge (1938) and preceding Jimmy Connors (1974) and Pete Sampras (1994 and 1997). He won gold medals in both singles and men's doubles at the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel.

Savitt is enshrined in the International Tennis Hall of Fame, the Intercollegiate Tennis Association Men's Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame, the USTA Eastern Tennis Hall of Fame, the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, and the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

Early life
Savitt was born in Bayonne, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He taught himself tennis at the age of 14 and never took a tennis lesson in his life. The self-taught Savitt made the finals of the New Jersey Boys Championship, and for two years, the National Boys Tennis Tournament before moving to the junior ranks. He and his family moved to El Paso, Texas, in 1944, as his mother had a bad skin condition and needed the warmer weather.

His first love was basketball, and when his family moved to Texas, he was an All-State forward and a co-captain of the basketball team at El Paso High School in 1944. Despite considering tennis his "second" sport after basketball, he won the Texas University Interscholastic League boys singles championship in 1944–1945. Nationally he was the 8th-ranked junior tennis player, and the 17th-ranked amateur overall.

In 1945, Savitt entered the Navy, stationed at the Naval Air Station in Memphis, Tennessee.

College
Beginning in 1946, Savitt attended Cornell University, where he majored in economics, was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity, and he was elected a member of the Sphinx Head Society. However, two injuries, one to his knee, curtailed his basketball career.

Savitt resumed playing tennis. He became Cornell's tennis team captain and its #1 singles and doubles player. In 1947, he was ranked # 26 in the U.S., and two years later he was ranked # 17. In 1949 and 1950, as a junior and a senior, he won the Eastern Intercollegiate Tournament, and he won the doubles title with Leonard Steiner from 1948 to 1950. He was 57–2 in singles for his college career, and he graduated in June 1950.

Post-college tennis career
Savitt ranked in the world's top 10 four times between 1951 and 1957 (# 2 in 1951); and in the U.S. top 10 six times between 1950 and 1959. That was despite the fact that Savitt did not compete in 1953–55. Among Savitt's major victories were the 1951 Wimbledon singles championship and the 1951 Australian Open. He also won the 1952, 1958, and 1961 USLTA National Indoor Championships, becoming the first player to win that crown three times, and won the Italian doubles. He won the Canadian singles and doubles championships in 1952.

1950–1953
In 1950, he won the Eastern Clay Court Championships defeating Don McNeill in the final in four sets and the New York State Championships defeating McNeill in a five-set final.

Still without any coaching, in 1950 Savitt reached the U. S. Tennis Championship semifinals at Forest Hills, losing to Art Larsen.

In 1951, at the age of 24, Savitt won the Wimbledon Singles Championship. Along the way he beat Larsen, the No. 1 U.S. player, in straight sets, and Herbert Flam, the No. 2 U.S. player. He won the Australian Open Singles title, winning in straight sets in the 61-minute final against Ken McGregor. He became the first American since Don Budge, 13 years earlier, to win both Wimbledon and the Australian Open in one season.

Savitt became the first Jewish male player to win either tournament. In the Jewish parts of North London, Savitt said "Nobody knew tennis there, but after I won people started picking up rackets". In addition, he became the first Jewish athlete to appear on the cover of Time magazine. The significance of a Jewish tennis player succeeding was rooted in the fact that tennis was still at the time primarily a country club sport, and many country clubs often did not allow Jews in as members and did not allow them to use their courts. This, in turn, kept many Jewish tennis players from obtaining the training they needed to compete at the highest levels.

Savitt was ranked second in the world in 1951. He was ranked the No. 1 player on the United States Davis Cup Team. He made it to the semifinals of the Australian Open in January 1952. In February 1952, he beat Bill Talbert to win the U.S. National Indoor championship. He won the Canadian singles and doubles championships in 1952, defeating Kurt Nielsen in the singles final in three straight sets. In September 1952, he beat Art Larsen to win the Pacific Coast men's singles tennis championship.

Davis Cup snub and retirement
Savitt had played and won his three early 1951 matches in an exhibition against the Australian Davis Cup team, winning 9 of 10 sets as the American team beat Australia in the event. Allison Danzig, the senior American tennis writer, called him America's best hope for victory. He had defeated Frank Sedgman, Australia's best player, in the 1951 Australian Open. Ted Schroeder, who had lost all three of his Davis Cup matches while losing 9 out of 10 sets in the process the year before and who was in semi-retirement, was chosen by non-playing captain Frank Shields. Five of the top 10 players in the U.S. publicly accused Shields of "obvious prejudice" in his choosing the team. Without Savitt playing singles, and with Schroeder losing two of his three matches, the United States lost the 1951 Davis Cup to Australia.

The controversy spilled over into the next year when the 1951 nationally ranked players were bitterly debated at the January 1952 U.S. Lawn Tennis Association annual meeting. Members of the Association's Eastern, New England, Southern, Florida, and Texas delegations, whose chief spokesman was Gardnar Mulloy, were in favor of Savitt being named the No. 1 tennis player in the U.S. However, Shields attacked Savitt in a "biting", "unprecedented" speech, which observers said swung the vote against Savitt. As it was reported by Time magazine, "the loudest talker was Frank Shields, non-playing captain of the losing U.S. Davis Cup team. Shields had ignored Savitt in the Davis Cup matches, had put his confidence in aging (30) Ted Schroeder ... who turned out to be the goat of the series. Shields was intent on keeping Savitt ranked ... at No. 3. Cried Shields: 'Never once in the past three months has Savitt looked like a champion. Don McNeill, the 1940 U.S. champion, answered Shields' outburst by pointing out that players are ranked on their tennis ability, that personal prejudice should have nothing to do with ranking, and that Shields' remarks were "uncalled for". That met with "resounding applause" from the delegates. Australian Davis Cup team Harry Hopman called his arguments as to why Savitt should not be ranked No. 1 "weak". Still, a never-before-required proxy vote was needed to decide the No. 1 spot. Savitt was ranked the No. 2 player in the U.S. by the U.S. Lawn Tennis Association, behind Vic Seixas and directly ahead of Tony Trabert.

In February 1952, Savitt announced that he would play only one more tournament, the National Indoor Championships, and then retire from tournament tennis—at age 25. He later explained that there was insufficient money in the amateur game to support his needs, requiring him to pursue his business career. Savitt did not believe that anti-Semitism was the cause of his problems with Shields. Savitt had beaten Shields badly in the quarterfinals of the New Jersey State Championships in 1948. Also, Shields had been excluded from the 1933 U.S. Davis Cup team despite being ranked U.S. No. 1 for that year by the USLTA.

Part-time comeback
Savitt returned to the competitive tennis scene part-time in 1954. In April 1954 he won the clay court River Oaks Championshipsin Houston, Texas defeating Sven Davidson, Gardnar Mulloy, Vic Seixas, and Ham Richardson in the final, the latter three members of the U.S. Davis Cup team.

In August 1957 he won the Eastern Grass Court Championships at South Orange, New Jersey defeating U.S. Davis Cup players Ham Richardson and Vic Seixas in the final two rounds in best-of-five set matches.

In 1958, Savitt moved back to New York for business reasons and launched a part-time comeback in tennis. That year, he won his second National Indoors title, defeating Grant Golden, Kurt Nielsen, and Budge Patty in the final three rounds. In 1961, he captured his third—while remaining a weekend player, defeating Pierre Darmon, Chris Crawford, and U.S. No. 1 Whitney Reed in the final. In 1981, he and his son, Robert, won the U.S. Father-Son doubles title.

Maccabiah Games; Israel
In 1961, he won gold medals in both singles (defeating American Mike Franks in the final), and doubles (with Franks, defeating South Africans Rod Mandelstam and Julie Mayers), at the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel, the third-largest sporting event in the world. He was also very active in the Maccabi movement.

Savitt in addition helped develop the Israel Tennis Centers, beginning in 1973. In 1998, he was the ITA overseas tennis director. In his 2007 book The Big Book of Jewish Sports Heroes: An Illustrated Compendium of Sports History and The 150 Greatest Jewish Sports Stars, author Peter S. Horvitz ranked Savitt the 9th-greatest Jewish athlete of all time.

Halls of fame
Savitt was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1976. Savitt was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1979. He was inducted into the Intercollegiate Tennis Association Men's Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame in 1986. Savitt was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1998, and into the USTA Eastern Tennis Hall of Fame in 1999.

After tennis
Following his competitive tennis career, Savitt entered the oil business in Louisiana. He then worked for Lehman Brothers, and in 1985, he joined Schroders. Savitt died on January 6, 2023, at the age of 95.

title: Dick Savitt


text:
User:IngaAusa

I'm Inga Auðbjörg, a 19 year old girl from Iceland. My hobbies are scouts, music, theatre and a bunch of other things. If you have any questions concerning anything just fire away.

with love, IngaAusa

Articles that concern things that I'm interested in: IMWe, RENT, Rent (film), The Hamrahlid Choir, Scouting and Esperanto.

-> Hey Inga, Can you change the Wiki Entry "KaosPilots Netherlands" into "Knowmads Netherlands"? I did the content, but the title seems to be restricted to the initial creator. greets, m. K

-> Hi Inga, can you please help me? Can you please help translate these Bjork songs into English for me?

1. Gling Gló 2. Luktar-Gwendur 3. Kata Rokkar 4. Pabbi Minn 5. Brestir Og Brak 6. Astartöfrar 7. Bella Símamær 8. Litli Tónlistarmaðurinn 9. ÞAd Sést Ekki Sætari Mey 10. Bílavísur 11. Tondeleyo 12. Eg Veit Ei Hvað Skal Segja 13. Í Dansi Með ÞÉr 14. Börnin Við Tjörnina

>>> Many of these songs are available translated on the Internet: http://www.lyred.com/lyrics/Bjork/Gling+Gl/ http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:1bzO7Afd_qsJ:www.alwaysontherun.net/bjork2.htm+bjork+songs+translation+gling&hl=da&gl=dk&ct=clnk&cd=5&client=firefox-a

hello, i really need just one word translated, but i can't find any resources that will do it for me. it's my last name, Rigsby and the furthest i can trace it back to is icelandic. if you would please translate this to the original writing with all the accents and other characters, i would much appreciate it

title: User:IngaAusa


text:
MediaWiki talk:Common.css

Applying a style for the Vector 2022
Hi, in Vector 2022, if we want to select title of an article and we accidentally extend the selected area to select Table of Content button with the icon, then the text copied in clipboard would wrongly be (for example for the article "Wikipedia"): This is not the intended clipboard and the first line is not required, i.e., only "Wikipedia" as the title of the article is enough and the text "Toggle the table of contents" makes the clipboard data wrong.

The solution to this problem could be applying this style: I have tested that code in my css page at User:Hooman Mallahzadeh/common.css and it prevents this behavior very well.

Finally, I should note that this unexpected behavior in clipboard functionality is frequently occurred for me both in English Wikipedia and in Persian Wikipedia. Thanks, Hooman Mallahzadeh (talk) 04:30, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Please file a task upstream. You do not need to support IE. You will also want to test with an accessibility agent or two. Izno (talk) 21:31, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * How to file a task upstream in case you don't know how to do it: Click here, fill it out, and tag it Desktop Improvements (Vector 2022). – Novem Linguae (talk) 23:59, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I made a task for it at T354235. Thanks, Hooman Mallahzadeh (talk) 05:27, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
 * @Izno@Novem Linguae The task is not resovled yet and may be not resolved in near future. But we can apply that style here. Would you please apply this styles here? Thanks, Hooman Mallahzadeh (talk) 06:19, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Interface-protected edit request on 11 April 2024
Replace with

The default size for flag icons is 23px, so setting the min-width to 25px is causing all flag icons to be larger than they should be. This is problematic for Template:Flag data which takes advantage of the fact that 25px is 2px larger than the default size of 23px. Additionally, using 23px was the proposed fixed for T116318. – Brandon XLF  (talk) 18:43, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ * Pppery * it has begun... 15:36, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

Interface-protected edit request on 5 May 2024
Can you please add this to the common.css? That is the serif font, and it is the font for nearly all the encyclopedias. Additionally, it constitutes the font of an actual encyclopedia. Thank you. 143.44.165.227 (talk) 02:17, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. – Jonesey95 (talk) 02:52, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

Interface-protected edit request on 30 May 2024
Please remove the background on `mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, div.mw-lag-warn-high, div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning, div#mw-protect-cascadeon {` or replace it with a CSS variable that can adapt to dark mode. I am not sure why this is styled as an error, when the message itself is a warning and has a triangle - so the color is confusing so I personally would vote for removing it or moving it to MediaWiki:Timeless.css etc..

I have a global script for forcing dark mode on all pages, and when dark mode gets enabled on the editor, this will break. It would be good to fix this before that happens! Thanks in advance!

Example: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists&action=edit (with dark mode global script). 🐸 Jdlrobson (talk) 04:46, 31 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This is styled as an error because that's the importance we assign it, not the arbitrary importance assigned to it by the WMF at a date long after our modification was added. Stjn had a similar block in the ru.wp CSS which he modified to the CSS at ru:MediaWiki:Common.css, which I just haven't had a chance to test. Izno (talk) 18:52, 31 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Izno If the goal is to style this as an error, it would be better to use the Codex design token to ensure accessibility with links etc and get the night mode equivalent for consistency:
 * While I don't think it looks great, having a warning icon with a red color, if this style needs to be retained as is, without the CSS variable, you need to also add a rule for text color - like what I'm doing in User:Jdlrobson/common.css. Without that, the interface will become unusable in dark mode.
 * 🐸 Jdlrobson (talk) 15:54, 8 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ using the error-subtle design token, and keeping the existing color as fallback since the variable doesn't seem to be defined at all on Vector legacy which I use. * Pppery * it has begun... 01:35, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * @Pppery just following up here after feedback on https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting/en.wikipedia.org#Special:Contributions_dark_mode_error . Looks like this wasn't done for warnings. That should be using --background-color-warning-subtle. Should I create a new edit request or can we do it as part of this one? Jon (WMF) (talk) 16:53, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * That's due to a different block of CSS than the one referred to in the initial comment here, so I likely never noticed it. Now fixed. * Pppery * it has begun... 23:15, 15 July 2024 (UTC)
 * That's due to a different block of CSS than the one referred to in the initial comment here, so I likely never noticed it. Now fixed. * Pppery * it has begun... 23:15, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

Edit request 18 June 2024
Change  to   at lines 144 and 132, as the CSS variable   does not exist.

html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox a { color: var( --color-link ) !important; }

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { ... html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox a { color: var( --color-link ) !important; } } -> html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox a { color: var( --color-progressive ) !important; }

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { ... html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox a { color: var( --color-progressive ) !important; } } Andumé (talk) 01:22, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * since you put it there I believe. Izno (talk) 01:26, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I suspect what was meant was "color:LinkText", but I'll let Jon comment. * Pppery * it has begun... 01:42, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Switching --color-link to --color-progressive makes sense - we've been moving away from color-link to color-progressive. Thanks for flagging this! Jon (WMF) (talk) 16:39, 18 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 16:50, 18 June 2024 (UTC)

Pink background-color for protected pages doesn't work without CodeMirror
I am using Vector 2022, light color mode. On page MediaWiki:Group-templateeditor.css, the following CSS rule is defined to make the background of wikitext editor light pink, when the page is protected:

It works for CodeMirror (selector ), i.e. with  syntax highlighting enabled, but doesn't work when it is disabled  (selector  ). Instead, the background color is white. For example, I as a template editor see it when.

This is caused by having   in its inline style attribute in combination with.

Tag in this case also has CSS class   which comes from mw:Extension:WikiEditor (found via GitHub search). Unfortunately, I wasn't able to figure out where inline styles of wpTextbox0 and wpTextbox1 come from.

Workaround is to add a similar rule to your common.css, but with : example of using this workaround. —andrybak (talk) 11:33, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: MediaWiki talk:Common.css


text:
Kolva

Kolva is a name of several rivers in Russia:
 * Kolva (Perm Krai), a tributary of the Vishera in Perm Krai
 * Kolva (Usa), a tributary of the Usa in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic

title: Kolva


text:
User:Biddy5637

Thank you for visiting my user page. I don't make very many major edits on Wikipedia, but perhaps I will some day.

I live, learn, and work in the Washington, D.C. area.

My interests include energy and environment; public opinion, polling, and democracy; propaganda and memetics; telecommunications legislation and communication policy; advocacy and lobbying; as well as generational theory and cyclical history; notions of generational archetypes; and popular culture.

Pages with significant contributions include Propaganda and Generation Y, and to a lesser extent University of Michigan and Cape Elizabeth.

{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 238px; background: skyblue;"
 * style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: navy; text-align: center; font-size: pt; color: ;" | Y
 * style="font-size: pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: ;" | This user is a member of Generation Y.

title: User:Biddy5637