text:
User talk:Nickbee

Block
Nickbee, I've unblocked you as a gesture of good faith, as you insist you're not a sockpuppet. However, if I see any further sign of this, or if you cause trouble around any of the Islam articles, I will consider reinstating the block. We've had a lot of disruptive editing on these pages lately, and it isn't fair to the other editors. While it's important to add criticism of Islam, it must be reasonable criticism, we have to use reputable, and preferably scholarly sources, and the writing must be disinterested and encyclopedic. If you stick to those rules, you'll be fine. You may also want to look at our two core editorial policies Neutral point of view and No original research. If you do run into problems with your edits being reverted, drop me a note on my talk page rather than getting involved in a revert war. Cheers, SlimVirgin (talk) 00:23, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

SIIEG invitation
please see SIIEG --Zeno of Elea 04:40, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Existentializer
Just for your information: Existentializer banned for "suspicion" based on someone's vandalizing his user page. This is way out of line. Ni-ju-Ichi 05:16, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Suggestions for the Islam page
I first want to start with a little bit about the old editors here and then the new ones. We and especially those whom have been here longer than me came to pretty bad pages and have expanded them and tried to give them references and a somewhat scholarly edge. We recognize they are not perfect and that some sects are under represented and there is often POV (especially Sunni POV). Then all at once a bunch of editors came changing the pages a lot with minimal discussion and saying it was completely apologist and wanting to add FFI links. Now, I don't know if you agree yet but FFI is not the scholarly sources we were trying to have and represent in our articles... (I know you only wanted an external link but still). Then threads on the FFI forum were pointed out and they were disturbing... no one wants a concerted effort to add a POV to this encyclopedia. One of the main problems was that users like Germen and Zeno who wanted the link's behavior. Germen made lists on his talk page of "Muslims" and added me to "probably Muslims" list. I'm not a Muslim and calling me Muslim in an uslting way it is not exactly the way to work together. Zeno tries to talk about neutrality and then adds a crescent moon to the Allah page and later tries to say it was a joke... Your first edits were getting embroiled in an edit war about the FFI link and so far that's all you've done. It was hard to see why your only interest here was FFI and for a new user to only get into an edit war over an article he hadn't really editted before and didn't show any expertise on is not a good start. So, I would recommend you distance yourself from all of that and do some helpful edits, adding more information to articles that need it and suggesting edits to controversial articles on talk pages so we can hammer out an agreement first. Through this you will gain credibility and hopefully you will get your plan below (which although vagues definitely seems on the right track) through.

Sorry about the above but I really think that has been a big impediment so far but I will be happy to work with you in the future. I agree that there is a certain sense on these articles that they have been crafted through arguments and that doesn't help the flow... Modern Muslims concerns are important (as they are a diverse group) and understanding of their theology is probably the most important and in the context of its historical roots. Secular Muslims is a stickier situation and I would like to know how you think they should be represented and what they are. Are they Muslim apostates -- which calling them Muslim almost seems oxymoronic -- do many of them even have that self-identification? I thought the identification was ex-Muslim? Or are they Muslims who live in a secular world and religion just isn't important to them? Instead of Sunday morning Catholics, they're Friday afternoon Muslims. That will need to be clarified and we will need to see that they identify themselves as Muslims and not just critics of Islam. At least in the case of Ali Sina if he identifies as they thing he wants to destroy that would be odd. And of course, the sources for this should be more notable/scholarly. As for adding what Christians think I don't really have a problem (as long as it doesn't generalize) but -- you talked about how we weren't concise in our articles now and I'm having a hard time seeing how adding the Christianity bit on the Allah page isn't just adding more words needlessly... I would like to see how you planned to add it because the word choice will be more important to me than the concept itself (and it should be discussed since I know dab was against it). You are right about intenselt anti-polytheistic... I think even the most liberal groups (some Qur'an alone might be moreso than anyone else believing that the second half of the shahadah with Muhammad is shirk) insist on that... it should also be mentioned that even traditional scholars think that things like money can be shirk. Then it should be mentioned that liberals (I think it's only liberals) will sometimes be less strict and not call hinduism polytheistic in a pejorative manner. As for repetition I am not sure repetition across articles is too bad to a limited extent as long as it is coherent. Inside articles it is worthless. We do need better organization I have created User:Grenavitar/Islam outline in hopes that we (anyone) can create and organize and outline some. So, that will be a good place to experiment with an outline... as I said I'm not sure they will let it be on a normal page. Anyways your goals sound worthwhile... but they are vague and we could be envisioning them differently. gren グレン 01:21, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand. Unfortunately your view and stand will come under increasing strain in the future.  Here is an ordinary blogger from Denmark.  These views were not aired in the recent past, and used to be considered beyond the pale by most but, unfotunately, they are now becoming respectable. The sign of the times: "Hope has died...

Summary: These are the facts that i've been reading over the last few days of July. And they only lead to one conclusion..". This is hate for muslims, a people.  FFI is an attack on Islam by an ex-muslim who has not advocated hate for any people.  Unfortunately you are unable to tell the difference.  FFI is the voice of ex and secular muslims.  FazlurRahman was rejected by the muslims back in the 60's and 70's and is now held in esteem by a very small minority of muslims in the west, especailly those exposed to the curriculum at Gorge Mason.  Wiki is not static nor stationary.  It is merely a matter of time before another set of editors gain control of the page and I hope they will listen to your POV more than the current ones.  I will try to contribute constructively. Nickbee 15:45, 4 August 2005 (UTC)Nickbee

 * It may very well be a sign of the times but that does not mean it is scholarly discourse. Japanese internment was a sign of its time.  I can tell the difference... an attack on a person is justifiable because of differences with the person's views.  An attack on a religion as broad as Islam is idiocy and comes down to mass generalization.  A billion Muslims are not going to give up and die and in the future it will come down to accepted versions of Islam and unnacceptable ones... This happened with Christianity... but this defines Opposition to Islam moreso than it will ever define Islam.  Even if Islam's public image digresses to to the state of Nazism I would surely hope that editors can add some neutrality.  We are not a sign of the times here, we are attempting to portray the various facets of Islam so, there are surely places to put the opposition (which has been around for over a millenia) but that does not mean we don't have room for the theology nor does it mean that people opposed to Islam define what a Muslim is. gren グレン 18:32, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

The ex and secular muslims are trying to do something about their "religion". Voltaire was attacked viciously for attacking christianity but his criticism has played a large role in what christianity has become. Islam does ordain murder of apostates and muslims do kill their apostates and blasphemers. I doubt Ali Sina will ever attain the status of Voltaire of islam, but his site is an important voice of ex and secular muslims. He was able to find just about as many supporters as "your" side and that is without any politicking. You are not a muslim and yet you have decided what is right and wrong for the muslims who are fighting to reform their faith from within. Instead of being a reporter, you and your group has elected to be participants and start judging what is "idiocy" and what is feasible. By your standards, the entire french revolution and the subsequent separation of church and state enshrined in the US constitution would be "idiocies" becasue they did spring from a direct and virulent attack on an even larger religion than Islam!! Christian atheists have been attacking christianity for a long time. But criticising Islam to date has resulted in being beheaded and hence very little criticism. And you have elected to suppress the voice of the reformers and criticisers because you either do not like the message or the style. Instead you prefer to peddle the voice of a minor figure like Fazl ur Rehman who the overwhelming majority of muslims had rejected as not truly "Islamic". And you do not have a biased POV? Nickbee 22:28, 4 August 2005 (UTC)Nickbee

 * Voltaire was a deist, not a Christian. I didn't say ex-Muslims didn't have views on Islam and couldn't make a dent into it, I said since when are they Muslim.  Fazlur Rahman is a far more major figure than either Ali Sina or Ibn Warraq.  You asked me to create an outline and I started, this is completely unproductive and you don't seem to want to do any of the work to help make the articles better.  If you have any questions feel free to ask but as of now this discussion is a pointless rehashing of FFI link arguments.  gren グレン 02:36, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Yes, the discussion is over. Honesty requires intellectual integerity. "An attack on a religion as broad as Islam is idiocy and comes down to mass generalization. A billion Muslims are not going to give up and die" is what you said, and I gave you an example of where a frontal attack on christianity was effective. Conveniently ignoring secular muslims and the religious and cultral Islamic background of the ex-muslim so they can be ignored is the standard Islamic taqqiya of the muslims. Voltaire was a deist and hence his affect on christianity does not count, and no analogy may be drawn between the reformers of christianity in christian lands and the muslim reformers in Islam? Fazl ur Rahman is big in your opinion, not the muslims. You are not interested in reporting where and what is Islam. You are bent upon imposing your views, even though you claim not to be a muslim. I will make the articles better in my small way, and I will try to find editors that might be more compatible and not as Islamically activist as you obviously are. I will probably be banned fairly quickly given the history and the techniques at wikipedia that I have been reading. So be it. Nickbee 06:42, 5 August 2005 (UTC)Nickbee

Din (Arabic term)
I'll take a look at that article. Also, you might want to visit Apostasy in Islam if you are editing right now. Heraclius, has started another one of his revert wars these and refuse to explain his changes properly. -- Karl Meier 17:41, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Apostasy in Islam
Nickbee, I just read the whole article and think that the following might be controversial, and maybe not entirely NPoV:

They cite verses 2:256, 3:72, 3:90, 4:48, 4:137,and 5:54 which deals with apostasy directly and which do not prescribe any earthly punishment or death

Recently I read this response in the islam Q&A site:, which says that several scholars reject the idea that 2:256 deals with apostacy, but only with Dhimmis that is paying their jizya. Also, I think it would benefit the article if you could add a source that show us who "they" are. Overall, it should be said that I really liked the article though! -- Karl Meier 17:35, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Deen
Hi Nickbee. I'm sorry I was unable to particpate very much in the Deen article debate, I've been very busy IRL lately. I tried reading over it and understanding what the source of controversy is, but after a while I get weary of trying to reason with unreasonable revert warrior zealots. AS far as I can tell, the main complaint against your edits on Din (Arabic term) is that you have included lengthy quotes. I would recommend that you avoid using direct quotes as much as possible. Summarize the contents of the quote in your own words, and then link to the quotes as references. This way they will not be able to accuse you of essay writing. --Zeno of Elea 12:12, 20 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow, Zeno and I agree on something? Who would've thunk?Heraclius 14:20, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Apology
I owe you an apology. It turns out this is Nick the Socialist. Sorry for mislabeling you, but I was sure that you were him.Heraclius 02:05, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Please vote and ask others to vote
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Ramallite Zeq 23:11, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

The son that Abraham was going to sacrifice was Isaac
and not Ishmael as given. That conflicts with the info given under Abraham. I will change it to Isaac but I doubt it will stay unchanged. Another example of Wikipedia famous credibility. Nickbee 03:53, 11 January 2006 (UTC)Nickbee

 * That is because you are referring to the Biblical story rather than the Qur'anic story. In the Bible it says it was Issac. In the Qur'an, it says it was Ishmael. Since this is an Islamic holiday, it should be Ishmael, in accordance with the Qur'anic story. joturner 03:59, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nickbee


text: User talk:70.57.168.131

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:70.57.168.131


text: User talk:63.207.106.210

title: User talk:63.207.106.210


text:
HMS Terror (1813)

HMS Terror was a specialised warship and a newly developed bomb vessel constructed for the Royal Navy in 1813. She participated in several battles of the War of 1812, including the Battle of Baltimore with the bombardment of Fort McHenry (as mentioned in The Star-Spangled Banner: “And the Rockets’ red glare, the Bombs bursting in air”). She was converted into a polar exploration ship two decades later, and participated in George Back's Arctic expedition of 1836–1837, the successful Ross expedition to the Antarctic of 1839 to 1843, and Sir John Franklin's ill-fated attempt to force the Northwest Passage in 1845, during which she was lost with all hands along with HMS Erebus (1826).

On 12 September 2016, the Arctic Research Foundation announced that the wreck of Terror had been found in Nunavut's Terror Bay, off the southwest coast of King William Island. The wreck was discovered 92 km south of the location where the ship was reported abandoned, and some 31 mi from the wreck of HMS Erebus, discovered in September 2014.

Early history and military service
HMS Terror was a Vesuvius-class bomb vessel bomb ship built over two years at the Davy shipyard in Topsham in south Devon, for the Royal Navy. Her deck was 31 m long, and the ship measured 325 tons burthen. The vessel was armed with two heavy mortars and ten cannon, and was launched in June 1813.

Terror saw service in the War of 1812 against the United States, during which the ships of the North America and West Indies Station of the Royal Navy blockaded the Atlantic ports of the United States and launched amphibious raids from its base in Bermuda, leading up to the 1814 Chesapeake campaign, a punitive expedition that included the Raid on Alexandria, the Battle of Bladensburg, and the Burning of Washington. Under the command of John Sheridan, she took part in the bombardment of Stonington, Connecticut, on 9–12 August 1814. She also fought in the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814 and participated in the bombardment of Fort McHenry; the latter attack inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem that eventually became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner". In January 1815, still under Sheridan's command, Terror was involved in the Battle of Fort Peter and the attack on St. Marys, Georgia.

After the war, Terror was laid up until March 1828, when she was recommissioned for service in the Mediterranean Sea. She was removed from active service when she underwent repairs for damage suffered near Lisbon, Portugal.

Early polar exploration service
In the mid-1830s, Terror was refitted as a polar exploration vessel. Her design as a bomb ship meant she had an unusually strong framework to resist the recoil of her heavy mortars; thus it was presumed she could withstand the pressure of polar sea ice, as well.

Back expedition

In 1836, command of Terror was given to Captain George Back for an Arctic expedition to Hudson Bay. The expedition aimed to enter Repulse Bay, where it would send out landing parties to ascertain whether the Boothia Peninsula was an island or a peninsula. Terror was trapped by ice near Southampton Island, and did not reach Repulse Bay. At one point, the ice forced her 12 m up the face of a cliff. She was trapped in the ice for ten months. In the spring of 1837, an encounter with an iceberg further damaged the ship. She nearly sank on her return journey across the Atlantic, and was in a sinking condition by the time Back sailed her into Lough Swilly, before beaching her at Rathmullan, Co. Donegal, Ireland on 21 September.

The admiralty dispatched the shipwright, William McPherson Rice, to refloat and repair Terror sufficiently to enable her to sail to the naval shipyard at Chatham in Kent, where full repairs were carried out. Correspondence describing the repairs and the crew's sojourn in Rathmullan are held in the Royal Museums Greenwich collection. Back subsequently published a complete account of this voyage right up to the decommissioning of Terror in Chatham.

Ross expedition

In 1839 Terror was assigned to a voyage to the Antarctic along with Erebus under the overall command of James Clark Ross. Francis Crozier was commander of Terror on this expedition, as well as second-in-command to Ross. The expedition spanned three seasons from 1840 to 1843 during which Terror and Erebus made three forays into Antarctic waters, traversing the Ross Sea twice, and sailing through the Weddell Sea southeast of the Falkland Islands. The dormant volcano Mount Terror on Ross Island was named after the ship by the expedition commander.

Franklin expedition
Before leaving on the Franklin expedition, both Erebus and Terror underwent heavy modifications for the journey. They were both outfitted with steam engines, consisting of former London and Greenwich Railway steam locomotives. Rated at 25 hp, each could propel its ship at 4 kn. The pair of ships were among the first Royal Navy ships to have steam-powered engines and screw propellers. Twelve days' supply of coal was carried. Iron plating was added fore and aft on the ships' hulls to make them more resistant to pack ice, and their decks were cross-planked to distribute impact forces. Along with Erebus, Terror was stocked with supplies for their expedition, which included among other items: two tons of tobacco, 8,000 tins of preserves, and 7,560 litre of liquor. Terror's library had 1,200 books, and the ship's berths were heated via ducts that connected them to the stove.

Their voyage to the Arctic was with Sir John Franklin in overall command of the expedition in Erebus, and Terror again under the command of Captain Francis Crozier. The expedition was ordered to gather magnetic data in the Canadian Arctic and complete a crossing of the Northwest Passage, which had already been charted from both the east and west, but never entirely navigated. It was planned to last three years.

The expedition sailed from Greenhithe, Kent, on 19 May 1845, and the ships were last seen entering Baffin Bay in August 1845. The disappearance of the Franklin expedition set off a massive search effort in the Arctic and the broad circumstances of the expedition's fate were revealed during a series of expeditions between 1848 and 1866. Both ships had become icebound and were abandoned by their crews, all of whom died of exposure and starvation while trying to trek overland to Fort Resolution, a Hudson's Bay Company outpost 970 km to the southwest. Subsequent expeditions up until the late 1980s, including autopsies of crew members, revealed that their canned rations may have been tainted by both lead and botulism. Oral reports by local Inuit that some of the crew members resorted to cannibalism are supported by evidence of cut marks and pot polish on the skeletal remains of crew members found on King William Island during the late 20th century.

Discovery of the wreckage
On 15 August 2008, Parks Canada, an agency of the Government of Canada, announced a CAD$75,000 six-week search, deploying the icebreaker CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier with the goal of finding the two ships. The search was also intended to strengthen Canada's claims of sovereignty over large portions of the Arctic. Further attempts to locate the ships were undertaken in 2010, 2011, and 2012, all of which failed to locate the ships' remains.

On 8 September 2014, it was announced that the wreckage of one of Franklin's ships was found on 7 September using a remotely operated underwater vehicle recently acquired by Parks Canada. On 1 October 2014, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the remains were that of Erebus.

On 12 September 2016, a team from the Arctic Research Foundation announced that a wreck close to Terror's description had been located on the southern coast of King William Island in the middle of Terror Bay (68.9°N, -98.93333°W), at a depth of 69 - 79 ft. The remains of the ships are designated a National Historic Site of Canada with the exact location withheld to preserve the wrecks and prevent looting.

Sammy Kogvik, an Inuit hunter and member of the Canadian Rangers who joined the crew of the Arctic Research Foundation's Martin Bergmann, recalled an incident from seven years earlier in which he encountered what appeared to be a mast jutting from the ice. With this information, the ship's destination was changed from Cambridge Bay to Terror Bay, where researchers located the wreck in just 2.5 hours. According to Louie Kamookak, a resident of nearby Gjoa Haven and a historian on the Franklin expedition, Parks Canada had ignored the stories of locals that suggested that the wreck of Terror was in her namesake bay, despite many modern stories of sightings by hunters and from airplanes.

The wreck was found in excellent condition, her decks and interior spaces largely intact. A wide exhaust pipe that rose from the outer deck was pivotal in identifying the ship; it was located in the same location where the smokestack from Terror's locomotive engine had been installed. The wreck was nearly 100 km south of where historians thought her final resting place was, calling into question the previously accepted account of the fate of the sailors, that they died while trying to walk out of the Arctic to the nearest Hudson's Bay Company trading post.

The location of the wreckage, and evidence in the wreckage of anchor usage, indicates continued use, raising the possibility that some of the sailors had attempted to re-man the ship and sail her home (or elsewhere), possibly on orders from Crozier.

On 23 October 2017 it was announced by British Defence Minister Sir Michael Fallon that the British government would be giving Terror and Erebus to Canada, retaining only a few relics and any gold, along with the right to repatriate any human remains.

In 2018, Terror and Erebus were gifted to Canada and the Inuit, in care of the Inuit Heritage Trust, by the government of the United Kingdom. This includes all the remaining artifacts.

Although the exact location has not been released, Nancy Anilniliak, the Field Unit Superintendent of the Nunavut Field Unit, has restricted access to an approximately 10 × rectangular area in Terror Bay. The area runs from Point E (68.90707°N, -98.99502°W) to Point F (68.90701°N, -98.85808°W) to Point G (68.81284°N, -98.85868°W) to Point H (68.8129°N, -98.99504°W).

In August 2019, taking advantage of "exceptionally co-operative" weather conditions, Parks Canada conducted 48 dives over the course of seven days to Terror, 3D-mapping the wreck and searching the interior with ROVs. The team was able to map out ninety per cent of Terror's lower deck, but were unable to access Crozier's cabin due to the buildup of sediment. Despite this, Crozier's cabin was considered the best preserved space in the lower deck, and Parks Canada has expressed the hope that written materials may be found there. The planned exploration of the wreck sites in 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Parks Canada's Underwater Archaeology Team returned to the wrecks in May 2022, after a two-year postponement caused by the pandemic.

In art, entertainment, and media
HMS Terror is featured, often alongside HMS Erebus, in fictional works that involve or allude to the Franklin expedition, such as:
 * Northwest Passage (song) is a 1981 song by Canadian musician Stan Rogers about the Franklin expedition and its fate.
 * Terror and Erebus (1965) is a verse play for CBC Radio by Canadian poet Gwendolyn MacEwen, subsequently published in her collection Afterworlds (1987).
 * Mordecai Richler's novel Solomon Gursky Was Here (1989), in which Ephraim Gursky survives the expedition and lives to pass on his Judaism and Yiddish to some of the local Inuit.
 * Terror and Erebus (A Lament for Franklin) (1997) is an oratorio for solo baritone and chamber ensemble by Canadian composer Henry Kucharzyk, adapted from MacEwen's verse drama and crediting her for its libretto.
 * Dan Simmons' novel The Terror (2007), a fictionalized account of Captain Sir John Franklin's lost expedition of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror to the Arctic, in 1845–1848, to force the Northwest Passage. In the novel, while Franklin and his crew are plagued by starvation and illness, and forced to contend with mutiny and cannibalism, they are stalked across the bleak Arctic landscape by a monster. The novel has been adapted as an eponymous 2018 television series by cable TV channel AMC.
 * Clive Cussler's novel Arctic Drift (2008), in which Erebus and Terror contain a mysterious silver metal which holds the key to solving the characters' mystery.
 * In July 2013, an anonymous miniaturist began reconstructing a 1:48 scale model of HMS Terror, documenting the process on buildingterror.blogspot.com. In June 2017, it was announced that the model HMS Terror would be shown alongside the historical model of HMS Erebus (c.1839) in the "Death in the Ice" exhibit at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich (July 2017 – January 2018). A corresponding Twitter account for "Building Terror" was created in December 2017.
 * Terror & Erebus is a chamber opera for six singers and percussion quartet by Canadian composer Cecilia Livingston, to premiere in 2023.
 * The Erebus and the Terror, an instrumental piece composed by Mícheál Ó Domhnaill, is the third track on the 1987 album Something of Time by Nightnoise.
 * Erebus: The Story of a Ship (2018, published by Hutchinson (a division of Random House), by Michael Palin, is a historical account of the ships Erebus and Terror. The book was serialized on BBC Radio 4 in 2018.

In namesakes

 * Mount Terror on Ross Island, near Antarctica, was named for the ship by Captain Ross, who also named a nearby and slightly taller peak to the west, Mount Erebus.
 * Erebus and Terror Gulf, in Antarctica. Named for the vessels used by Royal Navy Captain Sir James Clark Ross in exploring the area in 1842–43.
 * Terror Bay on King William Island was named in 1910, long before the discovery of the wreck there.
 * Terror Rupes an escarpment on Mercury
 * Terror Street in the suburb of Keilor Park in Melbourne, Australia
 * Terror Club - Singapore, Sembawang. Named after HMS Terror, when the Royal Navy had control of the northern part of Singapore island. It remains today and is a functioning bar/eatery for its members.

title: HMS Terror (1813)


text:
User talk:LanJowTau

Say nice things only, please...

title: User talk:LanJowTau


text: User talk:148.223.42.88

title: User talk:148.223.42.88


text:
User:LanJowTau

Mainland China Rocks!

title: User:LanJowTau


text:
Talk:Lambaréné

Comments
The article mentions a "former" hospital, but it seems that the hospital is very much alive. http://www.schweitzerfellowship.org/features/lamb/ talks about physicians spending time there since the 1990s.
 * I believe that there is a newer hospital, but the article discusses the former hospital, now a museum. Warofdreams 11:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

According to this map and also Google Maps, Lambarene is located at another position than it can be seen on the map in the article. --84.185.93.115 (talk) 10:04, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

It seems to be shown on the wrong side of the Equator. The latitude should be 0°41′18″ S instead of 0°41′18″ N as listed on the page and shown on he map. Sadharan (talk) 00:15, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Lambaréné


text:
Medical University of Lublin

The Medical University of Lublin dates back to 1944 in Lublin, Poland. The university gained its autonomy in 1950. Over the years, new departments were added such as the Department of Dentistry in 1973.

The university maintains lively international scientific contacts in cooperation with Hvidovre Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark; Ziekenhuis-Tilburg Hospital (Netherlands), and Lviv Medical University in Ukraine, among others.

Faculties

 * Faculty of Medicine
 * Faculty of Dentistry
 * Faculty of Pharmacy

Notable people
Professor Tadeusz Krwawicz developed the first cryoprobe for intracapsular cataract extraction in 1961.

English Language Division
In 2001, the English Language Division of the medical faculty was formed. The division offers four-year and six-year M.D. programs in which students have the option of pursuing clinical clerkships in Poland or the United States following completion of the basic sciences portion in Poland.

title: Medical University of Lublin


text:
Kato Kintu

Kato Kintu Kakulukuku (fl. Late 13th century) known in Bunyoro as Kato Kimera was the first kabaka (king) of the Kingdom of Buganda. "Kintu" is an adopted by-name, chosen for Kintu, the name of the first person on earth in Buganda mythology. Kato Kintu gave himself the name "Kintu" to associate himself with the "father of all people",      and he may have renamed his wife, from Nantuttululu to Nambi, because that was Kintu's wife's name.

Background and reign
Kintu was born at Bukasa Village, in the Ssese Islands, on Lake Nalubaale. He established his capital at Nnono, Busujju County. He fathered three children: Gguluddene, Ccwa (also spelt as Chwa) and Wakayima.

 * Prince (Omulangira) Mulanga

The final days
Kabaka Kato Kintu died at age thirty. He was buried at Nnono, Busujju County.

title: Kato Kintu


text:
CBEE

CBEE may refer to:

 * CBEE-FM, a radio station (88.1 FM) licensed to serve Chatham, Ontario, Canada
 * China Beijing Environmental Exchange
 * Combined Biotechnology Entrance Exam

title: CBEE


text: User talk:70.19.141.241

title: User talk:70.19.141.241


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Chwa I of Buganda

Chwa I Nabakka (also spelt as Ccwa) was Kabaka (King) of the Kingdom of Buganda. He reigned during the mid 14th century. He was the 2nd Kabaka of Buganda.

Claim to the throne
He was the son of Kabaka Kato Kintu, the first Kabaka of Buganda, who reigned in the early 14th century. His mother was Nambi Nantuttululu, of the Ngeye Clan. He ascended to the throne following the death of his father. He established his capital at Bigo Hill.

Marital life
He married two wives:
 * Naabakyaala Nakku, the Kaddulubaale, daughter of Walusimbi of the Ffumbe clan. After the death of Kabaka Chwa I, she married Sebwaana, a Regent.
 * Nakiwala, daughter of Semwanga, of the Ngonge clan.

Issue

 * Prince (Omulangira) Kalemeera, whose mother was Nakiwala. Kalemeera was driven out of Buganda and forced to seek refuge in Bunyoro, on the orders of his father. In Bunyoro, Kalemeera was accommodated at the court of his uncle, Omukama Winyi I of Bunyoro. There, he committed adultery with Lady Wannyana, daughter of Mugalula Buyonga, a Muhima, the chief wife of his uncle. The affair resulted in a son; one Prince Kimera Walusimbi.

The final years
Kabaka Kintu abdicated and settled in Magonga. He is said to have disappeared. To this day, his place of death and burial are unknown. Following his death, there followed a period of Interregnum under the Prime Ministers Walusimbi and his successor, Sebwaana. This period lasted until 1374.

title: Chwa I of Buganda


text: User talk:68.80.32.209

title: User talk:68.80.32.209


text:
Kentucky Route 9

Kentucky Route 9 is a 116.285 mi state highway maintained by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The highway extends from Grayson to Newport (a city in Kentucky across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio), roughly paralleling the Ohio River between Vanceburg and Newport.

Most of its route, from Grayson to the Interstate 275 (I-275) loop in Wilder, is part of the AA Highway, except for its northern 5.3 mi which continues from the terminus of the AA Highway at I-275 into Newport.

While KY 9 is not an expressway, it nonetheless serves as the shortest highway link between Cincinnati and Ashland, Kentucky. Most of the route is a rural two-lane highway. The only municipalities on the highway are Vanceburg and Maysville and suburban areas of Cincinnati at its western terminus.

Route description
KY 9 follows a general northwest–southeast orientation. It begins at a traffic circle intersection with KY 8 in Newport in Campbell County. It is briefly named Chestnut Way, and then Licking Pike as it parallels the Licking River. At the I-275 interchange, it becomes part of the AA Highway and then passes the outskirts of its namesake Alexandria. Within Campbell County, the road is a four-lane arterial highway.

The next segment passes through a remote, hilly region where the road is generally three lanes, with a passing lane present at uphill grades.

A few miles west of Maysville, the route runs concurrently with KY 10 begins, and the road becomes an arterial highway again. The concurrency ends within Maysville, and upon passing out of the city, the road becomes a two-lane rural highway through an agricultural region.

KY 9 then crosses the Allegheny Escarpment into the Appalachian Mountains at the same time that another concurrency with KY 10 begins. The remainder of KY 9 passes through mountainous terrain and is generally two lanes with periodic passing lanes. After passing through Vanceburg, KY 9 turns south and KY 10 continues east; both routes are signed as part of the AA Highway. KY 9 ends at KY 1/KY 7 just north of Grayson and a block from the I-64 interchange.

title: Kentucky Route 9


text: User:Defkkon

title: User:Defkkon


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres hurdles

The men's 400 metres hurdles was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. This event was held for the first time at the Olympics. The competition took part on July 14 and July 15, 1900. The race was held on a track of 500 metres in circumference. Five athletes from four nations competed in the longest of the three hurdling events. The event was won by Walter Tewksbury of the United States. Henri Tauzin of France earned silver, while George Orton of Canada took bronze.

Background
This was the first time the event was held. Introduced along with the men's 200 metres hurdles, the men's 400 metres hurdles was the only one of the two new hurdles events that would stay on the programme long-term, joining the 110 metres hurdles that had been contested in 1896. The 400 metres version would be held in 1900, 1904, and 1908 before being left off for one Games in 1912; when the Olympics returned after World War I, the men's 400 metres hurdles was back and would continue to be contested at every Games thereafter.

This was an unfamiliar event to many of the competing nations; it was not held at the AAU or the AAA championships. Only France regularly had competitions of this format; Henri Tauzin was their five-time title-winner.

Bohemia, Canada, France, the United States competed in the inaugural 400 metres hurdles event.

Competition format
The competition consisted of two rounds: semifinals and a final. The semifinal round consisted of two heats, with the top two athletes in each semi-final to advance to the final.

While 10 men entered, only five started, meaning the semi-finals eliminated only one competitor, making their purpose somewhat questionable: one of the four finalists scratched, meaning the final had three competitiors.

Most of the hurdles were telephone poles laid across the track, with the final hurdle being a water jump.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics.

 * unofficial 440 yards (= 402.34 m)

The times set in the two heats are uncertain. In the final Walter Tewksbury set the new Olympic record with 57.6 seconds.

Semifinals
In the semifinal round, there were two heats run on July 14. The top two runners in each advanced to the final, meaning that only one athlete was eliminated in the heats.

Semifinal 1
Tewksbury beat Lewis by ten yards; Nedvěd, who was well back in third, was the only athlete eliminated in the semifinals.

Semifinal 2
With only two athletes in the heat, and both to qualify, neither ran anywhere near full pace. In a tight race, Tauzin beat Orton by three inches.

Final
Lewis scratched from the final as it was held on a Sunday. For the three starters, this was the only race that posed any sort of challenge, with hurdles fashioned out of 30-foot long telegraph poles and a 16-foot water jump on the final straight.

Tewksbury jumped out to an early lead, and led from start to finish to beat Tauzin by five yards, with Orton a further four yards back.


text:
Hon'inbō Jōwa

Honinbo Jowa (本因坊丈和, original name Todani Matsunosuke, 1787–1847) served as 12th Hon'inbō from 1827 and Meijin Godokoro from 1831 until 1839, when he was forced into retirement.

Jōwa was born in Nagano, Japan, in 1787. It was said that Jōwa had great strength without equal. Historically he was accorded the title "latter sage" to match Dōsaku who was known as the "former sage". At some point in the Meiji Era this title was transferred to the more popular Shūsaku, as word was spread that Jōwa used the contacts that Hayashi Genbi had within the government to help him attain the Meijin Godokoro position. However, even without playing a sogo, Jōwa's strength was still apparent.

Later on in his life, Jōwa also played one of the most famous games in Go history known as the "Blood-vomiting game". Gennan Inseki, a rival of Jōwa's who had seen the coveted position of Meijin godokoro snatched away from him through less than honorable means, persuaded a rapidly improving pupil of his, Akaboshi Intetsu, to play a game on black against Jōwa. Although Gennan, an 8-dan, would probably take black the majority of the time against Jōwa in a challenge match, he thought it would be more effective to have Akaboshi, a 7-dan, play against Jōwa. If Jōwa lost, he intended to argue that Jōwa could certainly not be qualified to be Meijin if he couldn't defeat a 7-dan. The match started with Jōwa making an unreasonably aggressive move in the fuseki, and Akaboshi countering with a variation of the taisha joseki that was developed secretly in the Inoue house. However, as the four-day-long game progressed, Jowa slowly clawed his way into the lead by playing three famous moves known as the "Ghost Moves". The three moves were supposedly brought to Jōwa by ghosts, allowing him to grind Intetsu's lead away.

In the end, Jōwa won, and as the stones were being cleared from the board, Akaboshi kneeled over the board and coughed up blood. Within a few weeks, he was dead. Gennan's tactics for discrediting Jowa's worthiness of being appointed Meijin backfired spectacularly, as this game was the supreme triumph of Jōwa's career.

title: Hon'inbō Jōwa


text:
Rokiškis

Rokiškis is a city in northeastern Lithuania with a population of about 14,400.

History
The legend of the founding of Rokiškis tells about a hunter called Rokas who had been hunting for hares (Lit. "kiškis"). However, cities ending in "-kiškis" are quite popular in the region. The city was first mentioned in 1499. At first, it was Prince Kroszinski's residence, later count Tyzenhaus build a neogothic church of St. Matthias and Rokiškis Manor, which is well preserved today and houses the Rokiškis Regional Museum. The town was planned in a classicist manner.

Rokiškis was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that was later also part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795 when it was partitioned out of existence and Rokiškis annexed by the Russian Empire.

Rokiškis was included in the Vilna Governorate, until 1843 when the Zarasai County was transferred to the newly established Kovno Governorate.The city started to grow in 1873 when a branch of the Libau–Romny Railway was built which connected Dünaburg/Daugavpils to the east with the ice-free Baltic port of Libau/Liepāja.

In the summer of 1915, the Imperial German army occupied the city. When the war ended, the area became part of the new Republic of Lithuania. Rokiškis was granted city rights in 1920. Because of strained relationships between Lithuania and the nearby newly created Republics of Poland and Latvia, Rokiškis was economically isolated during the inter-war period.

Coat of arms
The first arms for the city were designed in 1970 but were abolished the same year. The current coat of arms was approved in 1993. The shield is divided into 4 quarters. 3 of the quarters depict 3 families that ruled the city: the candelabrum represents the Kroszinski family; the bull is a symbol of the Tyzenhaus family, and three bars and a fleur-de-lis are taken from the arms of the Przezdziecki family. The fourth quarter shows the organ that is housed at the Church of St. Matthias and reflects city's musical heritage (see Rokiškis Music School).

Industry
Situated on the Daugavpils-Liepaja railroad, during the 19th century Rokiškis served as a commercial center for a large rural area and a point for the export of wood, grain, and flax. Rokiškis is well known for its cheese. "Rokiškio sūris" is one of the largest cheese manufacturing companies in Lithuania. It grew from a small local dairy established in 1925. In 1964 Soviets built a specialized factory. At present after reconstructions and foreign capital investments, its sales reach 400 million litas (about 155 million USD). 60% of the production is sold in foreign markets. The company is a very important employer in the region. It is also an important supporter of community initiatives.

Jewish history
There was a vibrant Jewish community in Rokiškis (Rakishok, Rakisik) for hundreds of years. The first Jewish settlement may have been prior to 1574 and was located at the present site of the old Jewish cemetery (about half a kilometer southwest from the market square) until the mid-1700s, when the community moved to the area near the market square and Kamai Street (now Respublikos gatvė). In 1847 there were 593 Jews in the town and in 1897 2,067 (75% of the total population). The community had a strong Hasidic movement with Lubavitch, Babroiser, and Ladier shuls. By the early 20th century, however, the haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment) had had an impact and a Jewish school with secular subjects had started, some Jewish students attended the gymnasia in Rokiškis and Dvinsk, and in 1910 a Russian gymnasium for Jewish students was established. There was also a significant revolutionary movement in the community.

In May 1915, during World War I, Jews in central Lithuania were forcibly deported to the east by order of the Czarist government. Although Jews in the Rokiškis area were not the subject of the deportation order, as the Russian forces retreated Cossacks serving in a rearguard capacity terrorized the Jews in northeastern Lithuania and most of the Jews in the Rokiškis fled to the interior of Russia. One of those who left was Yakov (Yankel) Smushkevich who later became the commander of the Soviet Air Forces before being purged and executed in 1941. The Germans occupied Rokiškis until 1918.

When World War I ended and the Republic of Lithuania was established, Lithuanian Jews were permitted to return home. The Jewish community of Rokiškis numbered 2,013 in 1923. Initially the community thrived, shuls reopened and in addition there were strong, competing socialist and Zionist movements. Rokiškis developed rapidly after World War I but under different economic conditions. Before the war, for example, Rokiškis could trade with nearby Dvinsk/Daugavpils/Dunaburg, Latvia, to which it was connected by a rail line. During the 1920s, however, Lithuania's border with Latvia was closed. As a result, trade increased with towns to the west which were connected by rail lines, such as Panevėžys/Ponevizh, Šiauliai/Shavli, and Kaunas/Kovno. (There was also a narrow gauge rail line to Pandėlys/Ponidel.) Prior to World War I, only 3 stores had been Christian-owned. After the war, however, many Lithuanians from surrounding villages came to settle in Rokiškis and open stores. Ori Further, Lithuanian cooperatives came into being, trade in flax and produce was nationalized, and other factors caused a severe economic decline for the Jews. Many Jewish businesses went bankrupt in 1925 and between 1926 and 1930 many Jewish families emigrated to South Africa where a landmanschaft was established in Johannesburg, the United States of America, and Palestine. In 1939 there were 3,500 Jews in Rokiškis (40% of the total population). They were mostly Chabad Chasidim. During the period of Lithuanian independence (1918–1940) there were two Hebrew schools.

The Soviets annexed Lithuania in 1940 and all Jewish businesses were confiscated. When Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 21–22, 1941, Lithuania was quickly overrun. The Germans soon brought in special assignment squads to arrest and murder Jews. The Jews of Rokiškis and its environs were murdered in nearby woods just north of Bajorai, 400 meters east of the intersection of the northeasterly road to Juodupė and the northerly road to Lukštai. The official German army report (“the Jager Report”) states that on August 15–16, 1941, a total of 3,207 Jews were killed. Other Jews were deported to the ghetto of Joniškis and killed there.

Notable people

 * Algirdas Brazauskas — President of Lithuania
 * Laima Vaitkunskienė — archaeologist

Twin towns — sister cities
Rokiškis is a member of the Douzelage, a town twinning association of towns across the European Union. As of 2019, its members are:

 * 🇨🇾 Agros, Cyprus
 * Altea, Spain
 * 🇫🇮 Asikkala, Finland
 * 🇩🇪 Bad Kötzting, Germany
 * 🇮🇹 Bellagio, Italy
 * 🇮🇪 Bundoran, Ireland
 * 🇵🇱 Chojna, Poland
 * 🇫🇷 Granville, France
 * Holstebro, Denmark
 * 🇧🇪 Houffalize, Belgium
 * 🇦🇹 Judenburg, Austria
 * 🇭🇺 Kőszeg, Hungary
 * 🇲🇹 Marsaskala, Malta
 * Meerssen, Netherlands
 * 🇱🇺 Niederanven, Luxembourg
 * 🇸🇪 Oxelösund, Sweden
 * 🇬🇷 Preveza, Greece
 * Rovinj, Croatia
 * Sesimbra, Portugal
 * 🏴 Sherborne, England, United Kingdom
 * Sigulda, Latvia
 * Siret, Romania
 * Škofja Loka, Slovenia
 * 🇨🇿 Sušice, Czech Republic
 * 🇧🇬 Tryavna, Bulgaria
 * 🇪🇪 Türi, Estonia
 * 🇸🇰 Zvolen, Slovakia

 * Other twin towns

 * Borșa, Romania
 * Cēsis, Latvia
 * Daugavpils Municipality, Latvia
 * 🇩🇪 Estenfeld, Germany
 * 🇨🇳 Harbin, China
 * Jēkabpils, Latvia
 * Ludza, Latvia
 * Ozurgeti, Georgia
 * 🇵🇱 Pabianice, Poland
 * 🇧🇬 Provadia, Bulgaria
 * 🇪🇪 Tamsalu, Estonia
 * Viesīte, Latvia

title: Rokiškis


text:
User talk:ChongDongWan

Talk talk talk talk talk.

Blah blah blah.

Please make sure to only write nice things!

title: User talk:ChongDongWan


text:
Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim

Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim (born 14 October 1946 in Freiburg), is a German sociologist. She holds a professorship at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

After studying sociology, psychology, and philosophy in Munich, she obtained her PhD in 1973. After several fellowships, she graduated from Munich University in 1987.

Her main research interest is in social changes and the changing situation of the institution of the family. She was married to German sociologist Ulrich Beck until his death in 2015.

Works

 * Das halbierte Leben (1980)
 * Vom Geburtenrückgang zum ganz normalen Leben (1984)
 * Das ganz normale Chaos der Liebe (1990)
 * Was kommt nach der Familie? (2000)
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5
 * Was kommt nach der Familie? (2000)
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5
 * "Ein Türke geht nicht in die Oper" – was Deutsche über Türken wissen, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Kultur und Gerechtigkeit (= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 2), Baden-Baden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8329-2604-5

title: Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim


text:
User:ChongDongWan

I was a mainland Chinese military general, but I defected to Australia then moved to Oklahoma, USA.

I am the foremost expert on mainland Chinese military vehicles.

As with most things in China, we copied existing plans from the military superpowers of the world, including, but not limited to: United States, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hasbro.

title: User:ChongDongWan


text:
Talk:Pottok

Pronounciation
The Basque pronounciation would be poh-tohk with a palatalized t. Even poh-chohk. Is the -ee- a French pronounciation? --Error 00:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. Akerbeltz (talk) 13:34, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Meaning
Does it really mean "small horse"? -tt- is often a mark of a diminutive. But the usual word for horse is zaldi, not *potoka. --Error 00:39, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a race name. Small horse should be zalditxo or zaldisko. --Sugaar 17:03, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Changed also. Akerbeltz (talk) 13:34, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

pottoks in the pictures
I am from San Sebastian and I've seen pottoks various times, the last time some two months ago in the Artikutza park (near Aiako Harria and La Rhune) and frankly, I do not think these horses in the pictures are pottoks at all. Some times any little horse or ponny is called pottok in this area, as the very word pottoka conjures up a cute and chubby animal (or baby) in Basque. Genuine pottoks have an oversized belly almost to the ground and very short legs. Iñaki LL (talk) 21:16, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * We are stuck with what's in wikipedia and wikimedia commons, and given that I have never seen the breed myself, feel free to find better free images and replace them.  Or, if you can find some links to an official web site with non-free images with which to compare, I can take a look at the basic characteristics and do a comparison.  (Heavens knows this would not be the first mislabeled photo in wikipedia, the number or gray horse photos called "white" horses is just scary...)   Montanabw (talk) 18:29, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the delay, some genuine instances can be found in the following webs: http://blog.eitb.com/eguraldiblog/2007/10/17/pottokak-1/ and http://images.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.euskonews.com/0244zbk/argazkiak/gaia24404_06.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.euskonews.com/0244zbk/gaia24404eu.html&h=286&w=360&sz=22&hl=es&start=4&um=1&tbnid=nml5EekJzxbAZM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpottokak%26um%3D1%26hl%3Des%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26hs%3D75z%26sa%3DN

(third picture from top). I hope it helps to get the picture Iñaki LL (talk) 19:48, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

 * If you want to verify that they are free images (often they are not) and if so, upload them to wikimedia commons, that would be terrific. Shoot us a heads up with the image title if you do! Montanabw (talk) 04:28, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think we have two different breeds that are being confused here. I'm trying to get behind the Basque Pony article (since I started the Basque breeds and cultivars page) and by looking at the bona fide images (the ones at Euskonews for example) I suspect there is the actual Pottoka (anyone for moving Pottok to Pottoka by the way?) and then a Pinto like horse which is probably common throughout the Pyreness but not a Pottoka. Akerbeltz (talk) 13:34, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Ok, getting somewhere, the ZAPE society has a very good site listing characteristics. Amongst them are: black or dark chesnut colour, shaggier coat in winter, short ears. I think simply on the colour the two pics don't fit. I'll swap them for a ZAPE pic that's on commons for now. Akerbeltz (talk) 13:41, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Me again... just red through the bumf of the French stud book. There are two preliminary studbooks (on the French side) one for the pure mountain breed and one for CROSS BREEDS (see also ), which can have anything up to 50% non-Pottok blood. So the non-dark ones which seem too tall to be a pottok are most likely cross breeds that are traded and bred under the same name (annoyingly). I'll try to amend the article this week but someone better look it over, I'm not a horse person per se. Akerbeltz (talk) 13:49, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Good research! As for "Pottoka," we have traditionally used the English language version of a breed name, here, "Pottok," though usually list alternative names in the infobox and sometimes the lede.  (And create appropriate redirects so both can be found)   Feel free to edit away and if I see a glaring equestrian error in your work, I'll tweak it.  Before you start, though take a look at the horse breeds task force guidelines (link in the WPEQ box above) for the format we are looking for.  Some similar GA quality articles you may want to compare to include another Spanish horse, the Sorraia.  We also have the Spanish  Andalusian horse that either went GA or is on its way there.   Neither Pottok (with any spelling) nor Basque pony show up at the fairly decent International Museum of the Horse site, But Pottok (spelled "Pottok") does have a page at http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/, which I have commented on more extensively over at the Basque pony page.  (The Okie state site is not a strong source, it's verifiable and a university, but their research is spotty, often repeats breed propaganda verbatim, and for the Pottok, they have a pinto on their page...).  As I noted at the Basque pony article, I suggest you put up a merge tag and see if anyone else has heartburn over this.    Montanabw (talk) 20:19, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Responded on the other page but ty :) One thing though - I know about the Use English rule, I just can't find much in the way of evidence that suggests either spelling being dominant in English. A quick search on Google Scholar gives marginally more results for Pottok but we're talking less than 200 in both cases. But if you say that Pottok is more commonly used among horse folk in English, then I'll take your word for it. Akerbeltz (talk) 20:52, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Probably best to keep "Pottok" for now.  Montanabw (talk) 00:28, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

Merger
A clear no. I haven't had a chance to do that page yet but the Basque Mountain Horse and the Pottok are not seen as the same breed. Akerbeltz (talk) 14:58, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Ha-ha, we posted at the same time! Are you able to help with my questions below? I'd like to include the Euskara names for the other two breeds in the stubs I have made for them if my guesses are correct. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 15:04, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

Caballo de Monte del País Vasco
There's a merge tag to here on the Basque Mountain Horse, or Caballo de Monte del País Vasco. Since they are totally different breeds, discussed as such in this article and recognised as such by the government of Spain (see for example the breed information for both on the website of the Ministero de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino) it's not a topic that seems to need much discussion, but, well, um, that's what I think about it.

Can anyone help me identify the other two of the four Basque breeds mentioned in this article, the Aurikzo and Navarrese horse? Is Aurikzo the Euskara name for the Burguete, for example, as the picture lower right at this page, which unfortunately I can't read, appears to show? And is the 'Navarrese horse' mentioned in this article the same as the Jaca Navarra, apparently shown in the lower left picture? I'd like to fix the red links in the article if I can. Many thanks, Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 14:59, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Great - as I'm not a very horsy person ;) I did a bit of digging, and yes, Aurizko zaldia = Burguete, and Nafarroako zaldikoa = Jaca Navarra. I found a bilingual pdf by the Government of Navarre on rural development that states that. Document here  (you might be able to handle the Spanish half) Give me a shout if you're stuck for refs on either, I'm much better at adding to that writing from scratch. Akerbeltz (talk) 15:07, 5 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I've added the Basque names, interwiki links and I've added them to Basque breeds and cultivars to avoid orphan tags. Akerbeltz (talk) 15:19, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

 * All I ask is please, please, please use the English translations for these breeds... otherwise people who turn to wikipedia for breed articles that expand on the cheesy and often inaccurate "breed encyclopedia" articles won't be able to find them!!!  Montanabw (talk) 21:47, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

 * If there are English names... I'm not sure Navarrese horse would pass NOR but I've done the second best thing and created redirects for the alternative names, so Navarrese horse redirects to Jaca Navarra. That should do the trick. Akerbeltz (talk) 17:28, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * There is clear wikipedia policy on this: WP:ENGLISH, WP:NOENG, MOS:FOREIGN, and Manual_of_Style_(lead_section). In short, if "Jaca Navarra" would most appropriately translate "Navarrese horse," then we need to do that unless there is some evidence (such as a breed registry in the English-speaking world) that a breed name is used in its foreign form even by English speakers.    Montanabw (talk) 19:59, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Well, that's no problem then. Here is what you want (page 570, to save you looking). It would really be so much more valuable if you would go and edit any one of the hundreds of equine articles that REALLY BADLY NEED IT, such as the total disaster area that is Equestrianism, to cite but one, rather than interfering here where you clearly have no expertise, and where to our great good fortune there is someone who clearly does (and I don't mean me). Or is this yet another attempt to prevent someone who wants to help from making further contributions? Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 20:18, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * That's a neat source. Do you know what the full title is? And I think Montanabw was just trying to raise a question - if there was an established English name, then it would certainly have made sense to go for that but with "240 and decreasing", that's doubtful and "jaca" doesn't translate as "horse" - at least not in a straightforward way so for now, Jaca Navarra it is. Akerbeltz (talk) 21:19, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, I like it, have only just found it while looking for something else, I'm looking forward to reading it in some detail. The FAO site is not exactly transparent, so I don't know what it is "Part 2" of, please say if you find out. It is not the latest data, I think, there are lists published in 2007 which I believe to be more recent. The CM list is here, I'm still looking for 2 of the others (D, DM). So many more horse breeds are in danger than not, I want to get their conservation status to show on every page. Might take a while... Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 21:51, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * 1. Thank you Akerbeltz.  With evidence from a suitable English language source that lists no alternative names, I am fine with "Jaca Navarra."  That said, I will note that the FAO source, just as an example, uses Lipicanac, Lipicanska Rasa, Lipizzan, Lipizzaner, and Lipizzanerhäst, all with separate entries, for the same breed in different nations, so while it is probably authoritative for the name used in a given nation, it is of only some help in determining an English version. Oh, but seeing as how Google tells me that "Jaca" literally translates as "nag," you may want to rethink the use of the literal Spanish for this one, but I shall say no more for now ... LOL!  Montanabw (talk) 22:05, 6 April 2011 (UTC)
 * 2.  JLAN, save the personal attacks.  AGF and all. That said, your notion of flagging conservation status is a GOOD idea!  You may want to see the work others have done at Equus Survival Trust (UK) and American Livestock Breeds Conservancy to find more sources.   Montanabw (talk) 22:05, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * You're welcome ;) I think it's the World watch list for domestic animal diversity - the cover looks very similar. Akerbeltz (talk) 22:28, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

Brilliant, thank you very much, that is seriously useful. It is indeed that, the 3rd edition of it; "Part 2" starts at about page 54. The ftp download link is this.

On the word 'jaca', which is the only non-diminutive word for a small horse that I have heard in a European language, I am wondering if it is not cognate with English 'jack', as in jackass, Mammoth Jack and indeed jackrabbit. So is 'zaldikoa' a diminutive of 'zaldia'? Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 08:53, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Your're welcome! Yes, zaldi is a horse, ko is one of the many diminuitive forms that you get in Basque.
 * And thank you for cheering me up - your question about jaca made me look it up in the DDLLE - believe it or not but it's derived from Hackney!! Akerbeltz (talk) 10:32, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Oh, nice! so cognate with 'hack' rather than 'jack'. Now if I had the OED I could look up jack... Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 10:52, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

 * The OED says that when referring to animals, jack is derived from the name Jack to denote the male of the species, so jackass originally is just a he-ass. Akerbeltz (talk) 10:59, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that, another theory punctured. Still on names, are you by any chance able to tell me if the names Breton Sardanés and Breto Cerda, as seen for example here (and presumably Spanish & Catalan versions of the same thing?), refer to the Hispano-Breton, or to that horse in that part of Catalonia only, or to a variant or subspecies, or indeed to a totally different animal? Or is that outside your field of expertise and/or interest? The Breto Cerda is on that FAO list, but there's no description. It would be most useful to know. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 16:39, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I LOVE the OED...I don't love the cost of access! =:-O  FYI, for those who care, we have hack (horse), Hackney horse and Hackney pony, none of which is probably relevant here. I wonder why Google language (other than it being a poor mechanical translator) gave the translation "nag?"  That said, there are some contexts where "hack" is sometimes used in a perjorative sense to denote an animal of average-to-poor quality, but I have not been able to source that when I was working on the article, hence it got tossed as unverifiable...    Montanabw (talk) 19:19, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

I have a printed OED with just the etymological bits :) The word hack > haque >haca > jaca is bound to have undergone semantic (i.e. meaning) change over the centuries and passing through that many countries. English deer and german tier "animal" share the same root but not the same meaning anymore. Akerbeltz (talk) 22:07, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pottok


text: User talk:69.68.244.192

title: User talk:69.68.244.192


text:
Talk:Jurong Bird Park

I have a photo of the pelicans at the BirdPark and will upload it to the commons when the article gets a little longer, or if someone requests it. --Commander Keane 00:40, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

History
'''There was obviously an earlier version of the Bird Park. When I visited Singapore in 1954, there was one walk-in aviary on the side of the hill, plus numerous large cages on the flat below. It was very impressive, even then. 00:24, 11 November 2012 (UTC)~ Lou Segaloff 11-11-2012''' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.151.72.174 (talk)

New logo
The logo added by User:Perumalism on 18 July 2013 is out of date and has been removed from the article. Firebrace (talk) 16:51, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

Too technical ?
I can't see anything too technical? Considering the dozens of medical pages we have here that are WAY over most people's heads, I can't imagine why somebody put that up here.

IceDragon64 (talk) 22:36, 25 May 2020 (UTC)

Wrong name for article
On 13 October 2021, it was indeed announced that a new name 'Bird Paradise' would be used. This was also announced with its counterparts for River Wonders. However, the new name for the bird park is not referring to the current one over in Jurong, and is actually referring to the future one in Mandai opening in 2022. Hence, I do not believe that this article be renamed just yet and should retain its former name that is currently in use. Sgwikicontributor (talk) 12:48, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jurong Bird Park


text:
Act of Violence

Act of Violence is a 1949 American film noir directed by Fred Zinnemann and starring Van Heflin, Robert Ryan, Janet Leigh, Mary Astor and Phyllis Thaxter. It was produced by Hollywood studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Adapted for the screen by Robert L. Richards from a story by Collier Young, the film confronts the ethics of war and was one of the first to address the problems of World War II veterans.

Plot
After surviving a Nazi POW camp where comrades were murdered by guards during an escape attempt, Frank Enley is respected for his fine character and good works in the small California town of Santa Lisa, where he, his young wife Edith and baby had settled after moving from the East. What his wife does not know is that Frank moved them in an attempt to escape the fall-out from events in that WWII prison camp.

Frank has a nemesis, Joe Parkson, once his best friend, who lived through the ordeal and was left with a crippled leg. Unable to convince Joe not to make an escape attempt, Frank had alerted the SS Nazi camp commander to the prisoners' plan, taking the camp commandant at his word that he would "go easy" on the men. The prisoners were bayonetted and left to die, and only Joe survived by playing dead. Joe is now determined to exact justice on Frank, whose location he has learned from a newspaper story commending Enley for his civic endeavors.

Joe's girlfriend, Ann Sturgess, knows everything about her man, but cannot dissuade him from his passion to right past wrongs by seeing Frank dead. Joe confronts Edith at their house and tells her the truth about Frank.

Doggedly pursued by Joe, Frank goes to a trade convention at a Los Angeles hotel. Edith shows up to hear the truth straight from her husband, before fleeing back home. Joe finds Frank and they scuffle. Frank runs through downtown Los Angeles and ends up on Skid Row, where he is picked up in a bar by a woman, Pat, who introduces him to a shady lawyer, Gavery, and a thug for hire, Johnny. A drunken Frank gives Johnny the information he needs to lure Joe into an ambush at the Santa Lisa train station.

Waking from his drunken binge, Frank regrets the deal. He goes home and tries to persuade Edith that it is all over. While she is seeing to their child, he leaves and goes to the station to warn Joe. Johnny is waiting with a gun, but as he fires, Frank jumps in front of Joe and is hit. Frank manages to grab Johnny as he speeds off in his car, causing it to crash into a lamppost, killing Johnny. Frank falls into the street near the fiery crash and dies. Joe, realizing what Frank has done, kneels by his old captain and tells the surrounding crowd that he will be the one to tell Frank's wife about her husband's death.

Cast

 * Van Heflin as Frank R. Enley
 * Robert Ryan as Joe Parkson
 * Janet Leigh as Edith Enley
 * Mary Astor as Pat
 * Phyllis Thaxter as Ann Sturges
 * Berry Kroeger as Johnny
 * Taylor Holmes as Gavery
 * Harry Antrim as Fred Finney
 * Connie Gilchrist as Martha Finney
 * Will Wright as Pop

Production
Principal photography on Act of Violence took place from May 17 to mid-July 1948, with added scenes shot in late August 1948. Location shooting included scenes at Big Bear Lake and the San Bernardino National Forest, California, accompanied by filming at the MGM Studios in Culver City. Some of the nighttime city scenes were shot in the slum neighborhoods of Los Angeles.

Originally adapted from unpublished story by Collier Young, before he embarked on a career as an independent producer with his future wife Ida Lupino, the film was intended to be a small, independent film. Howard Duff was to be the star, but when MGM picked up the rights, Gregory Peck was to be paired with Humphrey Bogart in the leading roles. Robert Ryan was lent to MGM by RKO Pictures for the production. Act of Violence was the third film made by Ryan in 1948, following Berlin Express and Return of the Badmen.

Director Fred Zinnemann said that Act of Violence was the first film in which he felt he had full control of all the aspects of film-making.

Reception
According to MGM records, Act of Violence earned $703,000 in the US and Canada and $426,000 overseas, resulting in a loss of $637,000.

Critical response
Bosley Crowther, reviewing the film for The New York Times, emphasized that it was a director's "tour de force. For this latter asset of the picture, we have Mr. Zinnemann to thank. He has pictured, at least, a visual setting for terror and violence and he has kept the pursued and the pursuer going at a grueling pace. In the former role, Van Heflin strains and sweats impressively. As his relentless pursuer, Robert Ryan is infernally taut. Mr. Zinnemann has also extracted a tortured performance from Janet Leigh as the fearful, confused and disillusioned wife of the hunted man and he has got squalid portraits of scoundrels from Mary Astor, Berry Kroeger and Taylor Holmes."

Variety gave Act of Violence a positive review, writing "The grim melodrama implied by its title is fully displayed in Act of Violence...tellingly produced and played to develop tight excitement...The playing and direction catch plot aims and the characterizations are all topflight thesping. Heflin and Ryan deliver punchy performances that give substance to the menacing terror...It's grim business, unrelieved by lightness, and the players belt over their assignments under Zinnemann's knowing direction. Janet Leigh points up her role as Heflin's worried but courageous wife, while Phyllis Thaxter does well by a smaller part as Ryan's girl. A standout is the brassy, blowzy femme created by Mary Astora woman of the streets who gives Heflin shelter during his wild flight from fate."

Film reviewer Roger Westcombe, writing for the Big House Film Society, considers Act of Violence unsettling, and wrote "Act of Violence...with a profundity, through its unsettling moral continuum, redolent not of Hollywood simplicities of good/evil but of the art one associates with Zinnemann's European background. This contains a clue. Fred and his brother escaped their native Austria in 1938, but their parents, waiting for U.S. visas that never came, perishedseparatelyin concentration camps. The 'survivor guilt' this awful closing engendered must resemble the emotional see-saw ride which fiction like the ethical pendulum of Act of Violence can only start to expiate."

Currently, it holds a 90% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 10 reviews.

Awards and honors
Fred Zinnemann was nominated for the Grand Prize of the Festival at the 1949 Cannes Film Festival for his work on Act of Violence.

title: Act of Violence


text:
Moneywort

Moneywort is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 * Alysicarpus
 * Bacopa monnieri
 * Lysimachia nummularia
 * Sibthorpia europaea

title: Moneywort


text:
Av Beit Din

The av beit din (אָב בֵּית דִּין ), abbreviated (אב״ד avad), was the second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period and served as an assistant to the nasi. The av beit din was known as the "Master of the Court;" he was considered the most learned and important of these seventy members.

Menahem the Essene served as av beit din in the 1st century BCE before abdicating to "serve the King" in 20 BCE. The House of Shammai attained complete ascendency over the Sanhedrin from 9 CE until Gamaliel became nasi in 30 CE. The post of av beit din was eventually filled since the Babylonian Talmud states that Joshua ben Hananiah was the av beit din in Baba Kamma 74b and Nathan the Babylonian was av beit din in Horayot 13b in the Babylonian Talmud. The Jerusalem Talmud tells the story of how Gamaliel II was deposed and Eleazar ben Azariah replaced him as Nasi. After Gamaliel was reinstated, Eleazar ben Azariah was made av beit din. The parallel story in the Babylonian Talmud has Eleazar ben Azariah remaining as a co-nasi with Gamaliel.

Modern usage
In modern times the title is often used as an honorific for the presiding rabbi of a beth din "rabbinical court", who is typically the salaried rabbi of the local Jewish community and usually a posek or "decisor" of Halakha. It is also abbreviated as avad when it is after the name of the Chief Rabbi of a national Jewish community. It can also refer to the most senior member of the court.

Although the title av beit din historically is higher than that of rosh beit din, the rankings are sometimes reversed. The London Beth Din specifically addresses this, saying: "The Chief Rabbi formally holds the title of Av Beth Din" but that "Due to his extensive workload as well as convention of his office" he's "not generally personally involved;" the rosh beth din runs the court.

Rosh Beit Din
The holder of the title rosh beth din (ראש בית דין, abbreviated ראב״ד ravad) is often the person to whom outsiders look for rulings. In 1934, Yehezkel Abramsky was given this title. Federation of Synagogues' Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein used this title when he published a major response in 2009, even though he was ABD. In smaller communities, the avad also serves as the ravad.

title: Av Beit Din


text:
Talk:Moneywort

Temp page started - MPF 00:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Moved to Lysimachia nummularia, because moneywort is not the only common name. Supergolden 11:33, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moneywort


text:
Long hop

A long hop is a type of inadvertent delivery in the sport of cricket. It describes a short delivery which is not especially fast, which is thus easy for the batter to hit because they have plenty of time to observe the speed and direction of the ball after the bounce and choose their shot accordingly. In contrast, a fast short delivery which bounces high (to the batter's chest or higher) is termed a bouncer and is often bowled deliberately because it is difficult to hit safely, due to the height at which it reaches the batter.

A fast ball which pitches short but (due to the vagaries of the wicket surface) does not bounce high is very difficult to defend against, for the batter will usually expect the ball to bounce high in this situation; this can often lead to the batter being out bowled or lbw when they leave a ball which appeared to be rising over the stumps but stayed low. Such deliveries are not called long hops, due to the difficulty they cause the batter.

title: Long hop


text:
Talk:Legal Drug

Untitled
Legal Drug Is an amazing shonen-ai story by Clamp. I feel that its low popularity is a real shame. Yet its a comfort for most fans, because alot of anime titles these days have been tarished as there populatiy grows. Im glade Japanese animation is catching on.. but I really do beliveve its growing out of  control.. as some fans are younger then 14.

Well Legal Drug is very enterting and gripping. fans of Yaoi and shonen-ai titles should really take a look in to it.

I completely agree, but I don't see what's wrong with liking anime under 14.

I guess because even the tamest of animes can have quite a bit of violence and sexual implications.

Why of course but isn't that what makes it great?

The "shounen-ai" section of this page.
Where did CLamp state that this series is not shounen-ai? It doesn't really makes sense, since Kakei and Saiga are in that kind of relationship. Perhaps they meant its not focused on BL? 192.92.81.254 02:15, 4 December 2006 (UTC)Duchessa

!
First off, I'll start by reminding everyone that even the Japanese shake their heads at you & will correct you if you continue to use the outdated term "shounenai." It's BL.

Secondly, of course it was intended. This is CLAMP...the group that not only has homoerotic undertones to every manga they've ever worked on, but spawned from a large CIRCLE (manga group) of BL doujinshika (people who make profit from their black market fan comics). CLAMP themselves that Yukito & Touya of CCS were a couple.

Gouhou Drug finally gives their BL audience & old Clamp Cluster fans what they want; an open & indisputable boy-boy relationship.

WISH was intended to be as inoffensive as possible to readers with gender pairing preferences. The genderless angels were however made to look like boys on purpose. Germany did a much better job of translating it & Tokyopop peeved everyone who read the scanlations online.

^
Funny you should mention WISH, since it was revealed in "Drug & Drop" Chapter 15 that Saiga and Kakei are actually Kokuyou and Hisui, and Hisui apparently identifies as male, since he chose to take a male human form even though it's less convenient for his relatinship with "Saiga". Hisui makes it pretty clear in Chapter 18 that they don't want to stand out (it was given as the explanation when Kokuyou was dismayed by "Kakei's" shorter hair), but choosing to be a gay couple would make them stand out more than "Kakei" having long hair; if "Kakei" were a woman it would make things easier for them, but Hisui decided that "Kakei" would be male, and this can clearly only be because Hisui is more comfortable with a male body than a female body.

Also CLAMP's decision to have Hisui state in no uncertain terms, for the record, that "Kakei" is definitely a man seems rather hilariously like a response to TokyoPop's aggressive feminizing of Hisui in WISH.

50.47.80.34 (talk) 17:36, 25 April 2015 (UTC) BloodRaevynn

Minor Characters Section
I have made a few edits to the Minor Characters section :)

The part about Kei originally said "In the manga, she is missing and Kazahaya is trying to find her" However the manga has no reference to her being missing or that Kazahaya is looking for her. Rather, the manga implies that he actually ran away from her.

Following on from this, Tsukiko cannot be missing "like Kei" as Kei is not missing. Additionally, the article says that she is "most likely a relative of Rikuo", however there is no evidence in the manga to either confirm or disregard this statement and it's equally likely that she may be an old girlfriend or merely a close friend.

Chess 77 14:57, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Legal Drug


text:
Jezreel

Jezreel (יִזְרְעֶאֵל, Yizre'el, lit. God will sow) may refer to the following places and topics:

 * Jezreel (city), an ancient Israelite city
 * Jezreel Valley, a valley in northern Israel
 * Jezreel Valley railway, railway in northern Israel
 * Jezreel Valley Regional Council, regional council in northern Israel
 * Yizre'el, a kibbutz in northern Israel

title: Jezreel


text:
Formula Atlantic

Formula Atlantic is a specification of open-wheel racing car developed in the 1970s. It was used in professional racing through the IMSA Atlantic Championship until 2009 and is currently primarily used in amateur racing through Sports Car Club of America Formula Atlantic.

History
The history of Formula Atlantic begins with the SCCA Formula B class, created in 1965 for single-seat formula cars with engines not exceeding 1600cc in capacity. Prior to Formula Atlantic, professional Formula B races were held in the United States from 1965 to 1972, firstly with the SCCA's poorly supported Formula A, then as part of the SCCA Grand Prix Championship in 1967 and 1968, which Roger Barr won in a Twin-Cam powered Crossle and then in their own independent series from 1969 to 1972.

Formula Atlantic as a class evolved in the United Kingdom in 1971 from the US Formula B rules, with 1600cc production-based twin-cam engines (initially Cosworth Mk.XIII based on Lotus-Ford Twin Cam and then Cosworth BDD, however other engines like Alfa Romeo were also eligible). Conceived by John Webb of Brands Hatch (who would later also develop the Sports 2000 class) as a category for national competitors with the performance near a Formula Two car but running costs at or below that of a contemporary Formula Three car. A single Yellow Pages championship ran in 1971-2, with a rival BP backed series appearing in 1973. 1974 saw the BP series changing sponsor to John Player, and the Yellow Pages series becoming backed by John Webb's MCD organisation and Southern Organs; in practice most top drivers competed in both series and there were no date clashes. Only one series ran in 1975-6, in the final year taking the title Indylantic and adopting Indianapolis-style single-car qualifying. But the formula was under threat from Formula Three and no series ran in 1977-78. A BRSCC-organized club racing series returned in 1979 with initial backing from Hitachi and continued to 1983, with diminishing grids and few new cars appearing.

As a result of its similarity to Formula Two and Formula Three in terms of chassis regulations, Formula Atlantic typically used chassis closely related to these cars—with performance somewhere in between the two—so most of the manufacturers were familiar from those classes, particularly the likes of Brabham, Lotus, March, Chevron early on, with Ralt and then Reynard later. US manufacturer Swift came to displace the British imports and dominate in North America. Several smaller marques also appeared.

The first professional races run under Formula Atlantic rules in North America were conducted in 1974 by the CASC in Canada (now ASN Canada), drawing much attention and large fields due to its national CTV television coverage. IMSA in the United States took advantage of the large number of teams and organized their own series in 1976.

During these years, the series attracted guest drivers from Europe, including Formula One, particularly at the Trois-Rivières street race in Quebec, Canada. Guest drivers included James Hunt, Jean-Pierre Jarier, Riccardo Patrese, Patrick Depailler, Jacques Laffite, Didier Pironi and Vittorio Brambilla.

In 1977, the SCCA sanctioned the US events and in 1978 the CASC and SCCA series merged, and conducted the series jointly until 1983, when it ran as the Formula Mondial North American Cup and was won by Michael Andretti. The series could not sustain the success of earlier seasons and was cancelled for 1984. Formula Mondial was an international category introduced by the FIA in 1983 with the intention of replacing both Formula Atlantic and Formula Pacific, the latter being a variant of Formula Atlantic that had been introduced in a number of Pacific Basin countries  in the late 1970s.

Current FA SCCA Club Racing
SCCA Formula Atlantic cars are allowed wings and ground effects. They use either the Toyota 4AGE engine or the Cosworth BDD. Cars meeting Super Vee specifications were also allowed but are now rarely seen. Prior to 2006 these rules were also largely used in the professional series except that all cars had to run a Fuel Injected 4AGE. This meant that competitive amateur teams could also participate in professional races and that old pro series equipment could be raced at the amateur level. However, in 2006 the pro series introduced a spec chassis, the Swift Engineering 016.a and a new spec engine, the Mazda-Cosworth MZR. The result was that the cars used in the pro series were drastically different from the amateur cars. In 2009, to shore up small race fields, the pro series introduced a "C2 class" for amateur level cars, primarily the Swift 014.a, the dominant chassis in amateur competition at the time. However the C2 class saw few entries and was abandoned in the middle of the season.

Since 2011 SCCA Club Racing has allowed the Swift 016.a and Mazda-Cosworth MZR, albeit with an inlet restrictor to maintain parity with the older Toyota-powered cars. As of 2017 most nationals competitors were running the 016.a-Mazda combination. Also eligible for the class are Mazda rotary powered cars made for the Pro Mazda Championship. In 2018 the professional series will switch to a new car and all of the rotary cars will be available for club racing use, although they appear to not be competitive with cars built to the FA specification, even older ones. Additionally, in 2019 the SCCA will allowed sealed Mazda MZR engines to be used in older chassis, such as the Swift 014.a, as parts availability for the Toyota engines has become an issue.

The minimum weight of a Toyota or BDD powered Atlantic car is 1230 lbs. (558 kg) with driver. The SCCA considers it its fastest club racing class. Prior to gaining its own class, the Formula SCCA car raced in Formula Atlantic, where it was uncompetitive.

Tribute
In 2012 and 2014, the Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion historic automobile racing event at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca in Monterey, California had a tribute to Formula Atlantic as a part of its scheduled groups.

title: Formula Atlantic


text:
VDL SB250

The VDL SB250 (originally the DAF SB250) was a full-size low-floor single-decker bus launched in 1997, which was designed specifically for Continental Europe market by DAF.

The SB250 chassis could be fitted with bodywork supplied by fellow VDL Bus & Coach subsidiaries VDL Berkhof, Valkenswaard or Jonckheere ), etc.

Like its competitor, the Volvo B7L, the engine was mounted at the left side of the rear overhang (thus the rear door can be located as rearward as possible), but the radiator was mounted on the roof.

A revised version of SB250 was launched in 2004 as the SB250+. The design has received a number of modifications, including the use of the independent front suspension.

title: VDL SB250


text:
Elisavetpol

Elisavetpol may refer to
 * Elizavetpol Governorate, a guberniya of the Russian Empire
 * Elizavetpol uezd, an uezd of the Russian Empire
 * Ganja, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan's second most populous city

title: Elisavetpol


text:
Marvel Land

Marvel Land (マーベルランド) is a platform game released by Namco in arcades in 1990. It runs on the Namco System 2 hardware. The game was published for the Mega Drive in 1991, with the European version renamed Talmit's Adventure. The game shares its name with the fictitious kingdom where the 1986 Japan-only Famicom game Valkyrie no Bōken: Toki no Kagi Densetsu takes place, but has no connections with it otherwise. Likewise the game has no connections with Marvel Comics or any of their associated characters either. In December 2022, the arcade version of Marvel Land was re-released exclusively in Japan on the Nintendo Switch and the PlayStation 4 on the Arcade Archives lineup of digital arcade titles. It was originally planned for worldwide release at one point but was ultimately cancelled due to licensing issues with Disney (who then copyrighted the Marvel brand in 2009) and Hamster Corporation.

Gameplay
In Marvel Land, the player must take control of Prince Paco (Talmit in English), who is on a quest to save Princess Luxie (Wondra in English) from the evil Mole King (Japanese: 魔王モウル; Maō Mōru); the gameplay is similar to that for Nintendo's Super Mario Bros.. Power-ups make it easier for Paco to defeat enemies and collect various items to increase his score; these include dragon wings which allow Paco to jump higher and fly (to a certain extent), shoes that can allow him to walk faster for a while, and a clone powerup which allows him to whip multiple copies of himself at enemies in a line. Each of the game's four worlds take place in an amusement park (which is the eponymous "Marvel Land"), and most areas are set outside with various obstacles that must be overcome; other areas include a ride on a roller coaster, and even a walk through a funhouse. At the end of the regular outside levels, Paco must jump through a huge target to earn between 100 and 7650 (Namco's goroawase number) extra points; the remaining time will also then be added to the score.

The game's enemies are an army of moles known as "Mogles", along with a wide range of other creatures. A boss must also be fought at the end of the last area of all four worlds; they are unique in that they are played more like a minigame (rock paper scissors for Worlds 1 and 4, and tug of war for Worlds 2 and 3). After Paco defeats a boss, he rescues a fairy (Luxie after he defeats the Mole King) and is treated to a bonus stage, where he must catch falling stars for points in a float parade at night.

Some rides featured in the various levels, along with the bonus stage parade floats, contain several of Namco's earlier characters, such as Pac-Man (1980), Pooka from Dig Dug (1982), Solvalou from Xevious (1982), Mappy (1983), Grobda (1984), Gilgamesh and Ki from Tower of Druaga (1984), Paccet from Baraduke (1985), Valkyrie of Valkyrie no Bōken (NES, 1986), Wonder Momo (1987), Amul (in "one-headed" form) from Dragon Spirit (1987) and Beraboh Man (1988). The pink-and-silver female robot who appears at the start of each world, 受付小町 (Uketsuke Komachi), also appears in the Namco System 12-era World Stadium games as the Nikotama Gals' catcher and in the Namco Museum series at the information desk.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Marvel Land on their March 15, 1990 issue as being the eighth most-successful table arcade game of the year.

Legacy
Marvel Land reappears as the setting of one of the chapters of the 2015 Nintendo 3DS game, Project X Zone 2. The game's party ends up visiting the park due to the park's name being confused with Marvel Land from Valkyrie no Bōken: Toki no Kagi Densetsu. The game also showed up as an occasional Video Challenge on the early-1990s Nickelodeon game show Nick Arcade.

title: Marvel Land


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Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 2500 metres steeplechase

The men's 2500 metres steeplechase was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the first time that a steeplechase race was held at the Olympics. The race was held on July 15, 1900, on a 500-metre track. Six athletes from six nations competed in the shorter of the two steeplechase events. The 4000 metre steeplechase race was held one day later. The event was won by George Orton of Canada, the nation's first gold medal in athletics. Sidney Robinson of Great Britain took silver, while Jean Chastanié of France earned bronze.

Background
This was the first Olympic steeplechase race, and the only time that an Olympic steeplechase race was held over the distance of 2500 metres. The 1900 Games introduced steeplechase events with this competition and the 4000 metres steeplechase. The next two Games would each feature a steeplechase, but at different distances: 2590 metres in 1904 and 3200 metres in 1908. There was no steeplechase event in 1912. After World War I, the now-standard 3000 metres steeplechase was introduced and has been held at every Games since. Women's steeplechase, also at 3000 metres, was added in 2008.

Most of the American team did not compete due to the event being scheduled on a Sunday.

Competition format
This steeplechase event featured a single race. The competition involved five laps of the 500 metre track, complete with standard hurdles as well as stone fences and a water jump.

Records
None, this was the first time the event was held. And it was the only time a steeplechase race was held over 2500 metres.

Results
Robinson and Chastanié were the two leaders for most of the race, with Newton and Orton behind them, while Wraschtil and Duhne lost contact with the other four.

Orton was in fourth place for most of the race, but finished strongly to catch Robinson, Chastanié and Newton in the final straight of the fifth lap, going on to win by ten yards.

Chastanié and Newton faltered, with Robinson beating Chastanié by 40 yards for second as Newton faded to finish fourth.


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Hilari Bell

Hilari Bell (born 1958) is an American fantasy author. She is the author of several science-fiction and fantasy novels including the critically acclaimed Farsala Trilogy. Bell worked as a reference librarian, but quit in 2005 to write full-time. She lives with her mother, brother and sister-in-law in Denver, Colorado.

Farsala Trilogy

 * Flame (2003) (now titled Fall of a Kingdom)
 * Rise of a Hero (2005)
 * Forging the Sword (2006)

The Shield, Sword, and Crown series

 * Shield of Stars (2007)
 * Sword of Waters (2008)
 * Crown of Earth (2009)

Knight and Rogue series

 * The Last Knight (2007)

Michael, a "knight errant", and Fisk, his "squire"/con artist, must go on an adventure to find a murderess and bring her to justice. This book is part buddy novel, part mystery/adventure.
 * Rogue's Home (2008)

Michael and Fisk are back. Michael is now an unredeemed man and when trouble arises at Fisk's home, Michael wants to help his friend, but fears he might be more of a hindrance then a help.

 * Player's Ruse (2010)

When Rosamund runs away from home to marry an actor, Michael and Fisk agree to help her. When they end up in a town terrorized by wreckers, Michael vows to stop them and win his lady back.

 * Thief's War (2014)

Michael and Fisk track Jack Bannister to Tallowsport, where Jack's employer has completely taken over the city. The two are divided both on the fonts from which they can thwart the man, or on how to handle the issue.

 * Scholar's Plot (2014)
 * Lady's Pursuit (2015)

The Goblin Wood

 * The Goblin Wood (2003)
 * The Goblin Gate (2010)
 * The Goblin War (2011)

The Raven Duet

 * Trickster's Girl (2011)
 * Traitor's Son (2012)

Other novels

 * Navohar (2000)
 * Songs of Power (2000) (German language title: Oceantec 2051)
 * A Matter of Profit (2001)
 * The Wizard Test (2005)
 * The Prophecy (2006)

title: Hilari Bell


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Baja California "municipios" (municipalities). Created by user Vizcarra

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text: User talk:84.67.27.155

title: User talk:84.67.27.155