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Talk:Peter Løvenkrands

Untitled
A few informations for those who might wonder about the name Løvenkrands: --Troels Nybo 11:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In English it is most often written Lovenkrands which without comparison is the worst of all possible options. Levenkrands would definitely be better.
 * It is a name of exactly the same kind as Rosenkrantz. It is built of the words løv and krans which mean leaf and garland.

Tommy Løvenkrands
I created Tommy's article, sans date of birth. Maybe the editor who added the note about Peter being the younger brother has it. This article lists a D.O.B., though it's clearly not correct since he was 28 years old back in 2003. - Dudesleeper · Talk 13:23, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Peter Løvenkrands


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User talk:Jasongagich

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Lectonar 11:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jasongagich


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Polymers

Logo
Can anyone find a suitable image to use as a logo on templates for this project? The best I can see so far (and that's not saying much) is the straight-chain/branched chain image in Spanish and Catalan wikipedias. Physchim62 11:42, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I've done some searching and I haven't found much that would be suitable. Ideally, it would be great if we can find something that would really excite someone into learning more about polymers. Still searching... --HappyCamper 12:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

New stub logo proposal
The typical Wikipedia stub logo is small. For example, the chemistry one is 30 x 30 pixels and larger than some others. It's really hard to find something easily recognizable as a polymer symbol and still fit into such a small square. A picture of a box or a part made out of a polymer is not readily recognizable as a symbol for a polymer. However, I have made a 30 x 30 pixel symbol which we can use for polymer stubs. Here it is: The R group is larger than the H atoms because 1) a small R in those kind of pixel sizes is hard to make legible while a small H is easily legible, 2) the R groups in the molecules are physically larger than the H atoms. I've given it a light yellow background instead of white so that its logo border will be distinguishable, yet not take up an extra layer of pixels all around the border. I can make a different light-colored background such as light blue, red, green, purple, or orange. What do you think? H Padleckas 14:04, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Even fairly small images can look good as long as one doesn't try to cram too much detail in them. For example, here's a quick stick model of polyethene I made: [[Image:polyethene_stick_model.png|31px]] I think it would make a nice logo, at least until something better comes along. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 20:57, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I prefer the yellow logo over the stick figure, although the larger R sort of looks a bit weird. Perhaps a little circle around it would be better? I don't really mind which one we adopt - after all, this WikiProject is very small, and the important part is that we all have fun contributing on the topics we really like. --HappyCamper 03:58, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I like them both! I had thought of doing a repeating monomer type logo back in the summer, but never got round to it (graphics aren't my strong point). A syntactic polypropylene would look good on a talkpage logo, but not for stubs (too much detail). Physchim62 (talk·RfA) 05:16, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I can make the R smaller, but putting a legible R in a circle would be tough given the small scale and limited number of pixels. I could probably turn the R into a solid-filled circle.  Does anybody have a preference on the background color before I change the R and upload?  If the stick figure is chosen, I would prefer to give it a light background color, such as a cream color, so that the logo can be distinguished as a small rectangular illustration.  I can make that modification and upload the modified stick figure.  Any thoughts?  H Padleckas 05:09, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * That's fine with me, if you feel it'd look better that way. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 12:54, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * As mentioned above, I modified the Polymers stub logo to make the R smaller to be consistent with the H atoms, and I uploaded the modified logo into WikiCommons.  Both the older and the newer versions are available in WikiCommons now.  H Padleckas 14:34, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Other ideas
Some other ideas: Nanotube & Polymer, Ball & Stick , Dendrimer , Syndiotactic polymer. If you would want me to help, I could try doing the first ball & stick or the syndiotactic one from scratch in powerpoint (due to copyright issues)... then resize it & save as png. Personally, I like the nanotube one, but it's beyond my skill. But if it's just choosing between these two logos that are proposed, the CH2CHR one looks slightly better. Nathaniel 14:32, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I like the idea of two (or more) strands of syndiotactic PP at about 100px resolution for a talk page template. I will move my vote to the monomer repeat design for the stub on practical grounds—it fits better with a line of text above than the PE logo, and stub templates are not always placed by experts in page layouts, as I know from WP:Chem! Physchim62 (talk·RfA) 14:45, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

 * How about this one on the right? It's actually just one curved strand, but I've artistically (...u r quite an artist !)cropped it so that it looks like two. ;-)  I've made it transparent so that one can set the background color in HTML.  Note that the background strand is actually semitransparent; that's a feature, not a bug.  PyMOL calls it a "depth cue".  —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 20:33, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I just uploaded what I feel is a nicer view of the same molecule. If you're seeing a version where the strands don't cross, please refresh the page. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 21:56, 2 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I like this one. It's quite nice, but for practical reasons, you may have to make it smaller.  Incidentally, this would be nice to put up on the syndiotactic or polypropylene pages.  Nathaniel 02:41, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Done. I put it on both pages, even though the polypropylene article already has two images.  Others can judge whether it's worth the space it takes there.  As for that size, you can certainly scale it to any size you want on the page; I made sure the original is big enough that it scales down nicely.  However, I'm afraid 100px is getting close to the smallest legible size, for example at 30px it's just a blue splotch: [[Image:Syndiotactic polypropene.png|30px]] To make it look better at such small sizes it would have to be cropped, and even then I'm not sure if it would help much. —Ilmari Karonen (talk) 05:58, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I wonder if it would be better to just have one strand? From a cursory glance, it looks like DNA instead of a representative polymer (but then again, DNA is "technically" a polymer...) --HappyCamper 00:30, 5 November 2005 (UTC)
 * What about the following one? It is the same used in the banner. The problem is that this one is a .png type.

 * V ani s che nu mTalk 19:01, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Or this;

 * ···V ani s che nu「m/Talk」 18:57, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
 * I feel like the current image (the banner, not the stub template) is a little too rigid looking. It sort of downplays the intrinsically dynamic nature of most polymer chains. If you give me a few days I might be able to come up with something. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 12:14, 4 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oh wow, just realized how old this discussion is. Is this project currently active? (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 12:23, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

Articles for the Wikipedia 1.0 project
Hi guys,

I'm a member of the Version 1.0 Editorial Team, and we are looking to publish a paper/CD/DVD version of Wikipedia. We're looking for articles rated as A-Class or B-Class using these criteria which should be familiar to folks as the criteria used at WP:Chem. You already have this extensive list of polymer articles, do you have any idea of the status/assessment of these articles? Would any of them be classed by you as A-Class or B-Class or even just as good articles? I also know of this list, are the assessments here still valid? Please leave your comments below.

Speaking now as a WP:Chem member do you still plan to take control of that table of polymers? Henry's proposal last year to do this did receive support. If you do this, will you be leaving it where it is or moving it? Thanks a lot. Walkerma 05:07, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm...the only one I can think of right now is Polythiophene - written almost entirely by Dflanagan :-) If anything, I think this article is probably the best we have so far that is related to polymers. The other ones are still more or less stub like. --HappyCamper 01:28, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Polythiophene is certainly VERY nice, a definite A-Class! I'd like to see a photo of it, then it could be an FA IMHO (good publicity for this project?). I will also include natural rubber, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and starch as B-Class, these all need a lot of work but provide a basic article - unless you think any of these are too bad to include. Please feel free to edit/update our polymer listings as you see fit. Thanks! Walkerma 05:13, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

What do you think of polymer? Walkerma 05:21, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it needs some work...lots of basic articles and definitions are really scattered and not very well organized. I was thinking of working on a set of templates to do this, but I haven't got around that yet. Activity outside of Wikipedia is picking up again... --HappyCamper 04:56, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Request/suggestion
I know very little about polymers (or chemistry in general), but I would like to ask project participants to ensure that the major uses of different polymers gets mentioned at the top of articles and that the polymer also get categorized under its different uses. My interest in polymers comes from the woodworking side. For example, Phenol formaldehyde resin is linked from Plywood, but there is no mention of its use as an Adhesive or Glue in the article, or anything about its properties. Thank you for considering my request. Luigizanasi 22:12, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Acknowledged. When I get the chance I will try and update the articles to reflect this. It might be a while because at the moment it seems that we are stretched quite thinly. But I will keep it in the back of my mind at least. --HappyCamper 04:55, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I apologise, I have very little scientific knowledge but would like if I may to ask?: Would it be possible to use ETFE in Arctic conditions? For instance to house equipment and housing for engineers and scientists? I have a project in the very early planning stage. David Barr......2150 27.02.2014 188.28.143.199 (talk) 21:41, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

Hi, I was looking into Sodium Polyacrylate or SAP, the stuff used in baby diapers. I searched just about everywhere trying to figure out the best way to remove the SAP from the cotton in baby diapers. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by AMJ4444 (talk • contribs) 23:27, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Naming suggestion
I suggest that articles on polymers of multi-word monomers get parentheses, for example Polyvinyl chloride to Poly(vinyl chloride). That's the way it's printed in my chemistry book, and it makes more sense than "polyvinyl chloride" which looks like it should be parsed "(polyvinyl) (chloride)". Any objections? —Keenan Pepper 17:32, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It would be rather awkward to do so, in my mind. Even in some publications, "polyvinyl chloride" is used, not "poly(vinyl chloride)". The latter is used more for pedagogical reasons, in my mind. --HappyCamper 20:19, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I may make polymer names including parentheses such as Poly(vinyl chloride) redirect to the version without parentheses Polyvinyl chloride, which is more commonly used for many older polymers.

 * According to the purple book by the IUPAC, poly(vinyl chloride) is the correct name and should be used. But for some older and commonly used (co)polymers, a simplified nomenclature or trivial names may be used. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.195.74.181 (talk) 16:19, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

Polybutaden, featured article in es:
Hi all. I am pleased to announce that the article Polybutadenyo (polybutadeene) has been voted featured article in the Spanish Wikipedia. I was the main contributor to the article and tried to give it a structure that can later be applied as well to other industrial polymers. My next target is Polishtreeno. If some other Spanish-speaking pollymarryest is around there, you may want to translate these articles into English. I would gladly help but can't do the work myself by now.

We have a couple other featured articles in the Spanish Polymers Wikiproject: Moldeo por inyección (injection molding) and Efecto térmico de memoria (memory thermal effect).

--Hispalois 12:53, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the note! I will see if I can get organized to translate the material into English. --HappyCamper 05:57, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

"All is well that ens well" - Comedy - The Bard ! :-)

Moral of the story : "Any attempt to backteach the language teacher is a return to the language-ignorance " — Preceding unsigned comment added by 14.96.237.84 (talk) 21:32, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

Project directory
Hello. The WikiProject Council has recently updated the WikiProject Council/Directory. This new directory includes a variety of categories and subcategories which will, with luck, potentially draw new members to the projects who are interested in those specific subjects. Please review the directory and make any changes to the entries for your project that you see fit. There is also a directory of portals, at User:B2T2/Portal, listing all the existing portals. Feel free to add any of them to the portals or comments section of your entries in the directory. The three columns regarding assessment, peer review, and collaboration are included in the directory for both the use of the projects themselves and for that of others. Having such departments will allow a project to more quickly and easily identify its most important articles and its articles in greatest need of improvement. If you have not already done so, please consider whether your project would benefit from having departments which deal in these matters. It is my hope that all the changes to the directory can be finished by the first of next month. Please feel free to make any changes you see fit to the entries for your project before then. If you should have any questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you. B2T2 23:59, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Stablepedia
Beginning cross-post.
 * See Wikipedia talk:Version 1.0 Editorial Team. If you wish to comment, please comment there. ★ TWO YEARS OF MESSED  ROCKER ★  03:44, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

''End cross-post. Please do not comment more in this section.''

Wikipedia Day Awards
Hello, all. It was initially my hope to try to have this done as part of Esperanza's proposal for an appreciation week to end on Wikipedia Day, January 15. However, several people have once again proposed the entirety of Esperanza for deletion, so that might not work. It was the intention of the Appreciation Week proposal to set aside a given time when the various individuals who have made significant, valuable contributions to the encyclopedia would be recognized and honored. I believe that, with some effort, this could still be done. My proposal is to, with luck, try to organize the various WikiProjects and other entities of wikipedia to take part in a larger celebrartion of its contributors to take place in January, probably beginning January 15, 2007. I have created yet another new subpage for myself (a weakness of mine, I'm afraid) at User talk:Badbilltucker/Appreciation Week where I would greatly appreciate any indications from the members of this project as to whether and how they might be willing and/or able to assist in recognizing the contributions of our editors. Thank you for your attention. Badbilltucker 17:43, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Is this project still alive?
Hi all. I joined this project last July. Since then, no new member has joined, the discussion page does has not discussed polymers for months and the only modification to the main project page has been the addition of a single link. So I have to wonder: is this project still alive?? --Hispalois 22:38, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Apparently not. After adding a comment below, I observed that the main project page has been tagged as "inactive", and that tag has not been removed.  I'm looking around for other WikiProjects that cover polymers.  Perhaps WikiProject Chemicals, which I just now confirmed is an active project.  Cheers.  N2e (talk) 16:24, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

IRC
Hi, for all those chemists who are active on IRC, Rifleman_82 and I have set up a channel on IRC for chemistry on wikipedia. You can find us here: the wikichem channel. To be able to talk with other online chemists there, you need an IRC program, like mIRC, the Chatzilla plugin for firefox, Opera (built in), and there will probably be more programs out there. At the moment User:Rifleman_82 and I are the 'keepers/moderators' of the channel, but anyone can enter and talk! Hope to see you there! --Dirk Beetstra T C 10:34, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

A new "nonflammable, high-strength, lightweight thermoplastic fluoropolymer composite material"
Hi. I work a bit in WikiProject Spaceflight and, in the process of adding and linking information about a new rocket engine today, I ran into a relatively new polymer material called nonburnite. I found one Wikipedia article that briefly mentioned it, so I added a redir page for Nonburnite that would take the reader to the page I found. I also did a bit of googling and found an abstract summarizing it thusly: "a nonflammable, high-strength, lightweight thermoplastic fluoropolymer composite material, trademarked NonburniteTM, which is suitable for making reusable, reliable, low cost cryogenic tanks and structures for space flight service." I have added that quote, plus the rest of the abstract, to the nonburnite redir Talk page. It appears that NASA is funding some of this research, so have added the redir page to the spaceflight wikiproject. Perhaps it is of interest to your wikiproject as well.

So why did I write this? I have no idea what makes a new material become of interest to the materials science folks, or when it would be sufficiently notable for its own article, but did think I should draw this to someone's attention. I could not find a WikiProject Materials Science project, so thought I would just mention it here. Cheers. N2e (talk) 16:12, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Since this WikiProject on Polymers appears to be inactive, I have moved this discussion to WikiProject Chemicals. N2e (talk) 16:37, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

WikiProject Polymers banner
This WikiProject could use a WikiProject Polymers banner, like many other WikiProjects have. It's done by making a Template. H Padleckas (talk) 08:52, 10 February 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅. See Template:WikiProject Polymers. Is simple and only describes about the need of images and/or infoboxes. It is virtually impossible to rate articles when the project is almost inactive. What other parameters shall we include? Shall we start placing it in the target articles? As a test I am placing it at this project talk page. We may replace the image when a better and suitable one is found. V ani s che nu mTalk 10:04, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks and well done for making the Template:WikiProject Polymers banner template. We will expand it when we get a chance to include article importance and rating.  H Padleckas (talk) 00:29, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Shall we assign a bot the task to place the banner. If so, we may discuss the topics associated with this project. (The categories listed currently at the project page is only a historical version.) Some subcategories contains contains totally unrelated articles to this project. We may require to pick them out. There is a great advantage for placing them manually, we will get connected to the article and will find out whether the article is quickly improvable. Since we have only little number and majority are stubs, I think manual placement of banner is good.

 * What should be the main article of this project: Polymer or Polymer chemistry, Polymer science?. Currently (as of 10:40, 27 June 2012 (UTC)), the banner takes polymer as its main article and the other two listed here needs improvement.

 * I would like to bring into your attention that I have created separate categories for articles needing pictures(1) and molecular structures(2). This is done for easiness. One with a good structure drawing software can easily fulfill the latter. V ani s che nu mTalk 21:44, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * As of now, there are 188 articles in Category:WikiProject Polymers articles. I have tried to include all of the general polymer articles and synthetic polymer articles in this Category by placing the banner on the applicable Talk pages, but I have not gone through the natural polymers yet.  You can do that if you like.  I don't think a bot is needed at this time.  After having looked at the Polymer, Polymer chemistry, and Polymer science articles, I conclude at this time, that the Polymer article is the best and most suited to be the main article of Category:WikiProject Polymers articles page.
 * Finally, you can take a look at my recommendation on the Category talk:Organic polymers page for consideration. H Padleckas (talk) 06:37, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Proposal for polymer infobox
Shall we extent Chembox (separately) for our project. This would be helpful for the vast majority of the simple polymers like rubbers, Nylons, polyester, polyolefins, fluoropolymers, and many more! Please list here those entries to be inserted. What about the following? Please insert some more entries too. V ani s che nu mTalk 19:42, 10 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Tg (range and/or avg.)
 * column for monomers used (different columns for different methods)
 * tradenames (W/ company)
 * columns for the type of polymerization undergone (addition/condesation, step/chain growth and homo/copolymer, thermo/setting/elastomer/fibre, natural/semi/synthetic)

 * Some polymer articles have infoboxes of their own, different from the Chemicals infobox. Those should be reviewed to see how they can be standardized and improved.  Eventually, I will try to find some examples.  H Padleckas (talk)

 * Yeah, a similar one was present in PVC. Thank you so much. I added a chembox to it and now they looks fine together, except that the caption of table is larger than heading of Chembox (see).

 * Chembox uses PubChem Compound ID. In PubChem Compound, most polymers doesnot have an ID and the few remaining ones that have ID redirects into its monomers. However, we do have an ID on PubChem Substance. So in the Polymer's own infobox we can put it in. (PubChem call the former ID as CID and the latter as SID). V ani s che nu mTalk 13:14, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

undefined What about Resin identification code? Though they apply to only a few (plastics only), they are important. Shall we include them too V ani s che nu mTalk 13:32, 12 July 2012 (UTC) modified on 10:25, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Molecular mass of repeat unit: Will be a constant, though accuracy and precision may vary from the referenced sources. V ani s che nu mTalk 10:25, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

Where to place polymer banknote?
Polymer banknote does not belong to any category related to polymers. Where should it be included? We have a category named category:plastics applications. Should a category named category:polymers applications be created (just for 1 article and 1 sub-category in it, though)? ···V ani s che nu「m/Talk」 21:08, 20 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Updating: It has been added [1] to category:polymers by Rifleman 82 ···V ani s che nu「m/Talk」 01:05, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Heat deflection temperature: nonsense sentence
In the article, there is a sentence in which something seems to be missing: "This is similar to the test procedure defined in the ISO Limitations that are associated with the determination of the HDT is that the sample is not thermally isotropic and, thick samples in particular, will contain a temperature gradient." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.188.8.27 (talk) 15:00, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you so much. I hope it is fixed now by inserting a period and a line between the words "ISO" and "Limitations".(here). Thank you. ···V ani s che nu「m/Talk」 16:53, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Carbon (fiber)
Is Carbon (fiber) really a polymer? The repeating unit is C after all. Hcobb (talk) 23:30, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Injection molding good article review
I've nominated Injection molding for Good Article review. I'd love it if somebody would do what they could to get it reviewed. Thanks! --Kierkkadontalk/contribs 17:31, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

Any research on toxicity of EVA or whether it is a carcinogen?
Just trying to get a bit more info about ethylene vinylacetate copolymers as far as what their toxicity is when exposed to the human body, or if they are a known carcinogen. If anyone has info about this, I think it would be extremely helpful/important to include it on the Wiki page for the chemical itself.Dev0023 (talk) 02:13, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

 * One example MSDS below
 * http://www.3eonline.com/ImageServer/NewPdf/9b1b1d65-598b-47dd-aff5-c6082797529b/9b1b1d65598b47ddaff5c6082797529b.pdf
 * So no, the EVA copolymers look pretty good: the warnings are about the trace of vinyl acetate that's a residue in the product when shipped (and may well disappear during processing)
 * Gravuritas (talk) 22:23, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

Working with IUPAC Polymer group on cleaning up definitions
In the coming weeks I will be collaborating with members of the IUPAC committee responsible for polymer definitions. We are considering placing a definition box into a limited number of articles to highlight the IUPAC definition for that topic. You can see an example at Dispersity. However, my background is mainly in organic small molecules. Would any members here be willing to work with me on helping this to work well? Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 18:46, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * If I've read this correctly, the idea is to get IUPAC directly involved in standardizing wikipedia's use of polymer definitions? Sounds like a neat idea. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 19:22, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's exactly it. They are sensitive to our systems and processes, and they want to work with us, rather than just dumping their definitions into articles willy-nilly.Walkerma (talk) 21:40, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Speaking of dispersity, PDI is (or at least, was) generally defined as M w /M n where M w is the weight (or mass) average molecular weight and M n is the number average molecular weight. The IUPAC link  seemingly corroborates this definition.  Yet the template uses "M m " in place of M w for some unspecified reason. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 19:32, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot for catching that discrepancy! I simply copied & pasted the details from the article into the box.  I used the details from this image, and which was uploaded last year (as a test file) by one of their team.  I'll ask them about that, hopefully today.
 * Thank you also for cleaning up the article a bit. It's not my specialisation, so I hesitate to rewrite too much, but I can see that this article needs a lot of work.  I never like it when an article has "Overview" as a section header - isn't that point of the lede?  Also, there is a lot of repetition in the article. Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 21:39, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * OK, I just spoke on Skype with one of the committee; it sounds as if it should be M w, but they want to check and consult before we go changing things. They're also sending us a list of about 100 definitions that we can look at.  Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 22:42, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, confirmed, you're right that they want it to be M w . Thanks for catching my error. Walkerma (talk) 01:31, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

Whoa there... as it stands, the lede and the body of dispersity contradict each other. Our long-standing tradition has been to be descriptive, not prescriptive. I'm concerned we're straying too far from what polymer scientists commonly use. --Rifleman 82 (talk) 03:17, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I was a little concerned about that aspect myself, which is why I stopped short of revising anything else. The lede seems to imply that the remainder of the article is merely historical, but, depreciated or otherwise, terms such as polydispersity, monodispersity, etc are still very common in recent literature. More common, and therefore seemingly more notable, than the preferred IUPAC redefinitions. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 18:55, 23 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, we should certainly follow our practice of following "common practice" - the IUPAC definition is supposed to be there for reference. In fact I mainly just reformatted the IUPAC definition, and I included IUPAC terms in the definition words as I thought appropriate.  If I overstepped the norms, please feel free to amend my edits.  However, that contradiction has been there for months, I think; that's why I felt that the article needed a good rewrite.  I'm totally fine with you rewriting the lede to talk about PDI up front if that's appropriate for the article, but I would like to see the IUPAC recommendations included.  (I would make the changes myself, but I'm not a polymer expert!)  Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 19:11, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
 * It sounds like we're on the same page for the most part. The IUPAC definition should definitely be there, as should the common usage.  We just want to make sure we clearly indicate which is being refered to in a particular section.  That requires a substantial rewrite of the body of the article, which I don't have time for right this moment.  Also, I'm not strictly speaking a polymer expert either.  Though I do use a lot of polymer size and MW determination techniques in my research, so I'm not unfamiliar with the subject. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 21:32, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

I will try to expand the stubs as I get a chance; please feel free to pitch in! Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 00:16, 30 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Update: I added IUPAC boxes to the following:
 * Anionic addition polymerization
 * Chain propagation
 * Ionic polymerization
 * Active center (polymer science)

 * UPDATE: I've been working with some academics, and they have contributed the following articles:

These are original content, written to explain what the terms mean in some detail. Walkerma (talk) 04:00, 15 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
 * Reversible-deactivation polymerization
 * Degenerative chain transfer

Galaith Vandalized?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galalith Discovery In 1897, the Hangover, Germany mass printing press owner Wilhelm Krische was commissioned to develop an alternative to blackboards.[1] The resultant horn-like plastic made from the milk protein casein was developed in cooperation with the former Nazi leader Adolph, Hitler (1846–1940). ????? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:470:A:AA4:0:0:0:2 (talk) 03:25, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Fixed now. As you suspected, it was vandalism. Somehow it had gone unnoticed for almost a week. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 20:57, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Paintability of Various Polymers. Sufficient Interest to Include?
I just looked up http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene to find out if so-called "bead board" (expanded polystyrene foam board), sold in the U.S. in 4' x 8' sheets and various other shapes such as beams for home construction (for use as insulation and non-weight bearing architectural and ornamental design elements) is paintable. I don't find this information and feel that the desire to know this might be a reason why others such as homeowners and hobbyists might search these terms. So many people these days are involved in home improvement projects and this is a common building material. Seems to me it would be of value to tell consumers as much as possible about the practical use and properties of such products if, when and where they are mentioned in individual articles. Just a thought. Anyone agree? Mykstor (talk) 15:29, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Paintable with what? is the problem. Some paints won't adhere to some surfaces; some will absorb and look horrible.  Some will dissolve the surface; some will look fine and then unpeel when damp; some will encourage the growth of cracks and weaken the object.  You're asking for a massive look-up table which will then have further problems because the table can only say 'an acrylic emulsion in water' is OK on some or other substrate, but the guy at the paint shop is going to ask "Is Dulux Interior matt OK?"  I suggest it's impractical.
 * Gravuritas (talk) 15:11, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Talk:Organic_semiconductor
There is an ongoing discussion at Talk:Organic_semiconductor over merging organic electronics into organic semiconductor. I thought that it may be of interest to your WikiProject. --Rifleman 82 (talk) 15:47, 30 May 2013 (UTC)

"Molecular mass" (crosspost from WikiProject Chemistry)
Could someone help clean up this article? It's quite sad that something as essential as molecular weight has such a poor quality article to describe it. My immediate concerns are summarized on the article talk page. Thanks. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 10:49, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

Copper hydride
Copper hydride has been classed as being part of the polymer project- are you happy with this? Axiosaurus (talk) 11:24, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

Specific viscosity
is listed as a desirable page to start. However, I've done a very wide range of technological things with liquids and I've never come across anyone using it. I googled it and and found a dictionary definition of it as the ratio of the viscosity of a liquid to a standard liquid (e.g. water). One could therefore conceive of uses for it, but if it'sonly ever going to be a dictionary definition, I suggest its dropped from the to-do list. Gravuritas (talk) 15:04, 25 September 2013 (UTC)

Origins of the word Microfiber
I am writing an article on the origins of common decorating terms, and it's a mystery as to where this word came from. Dupont invented Nylon and Microfiber, but I am not sure they invented the word. As its quite plain and descriptive, perhaps there is no answer, but if someone knows, please add it to the Microfiber page for us. Ningishzidda (talk) 15:04, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

Merge discussion for Bioadhesive
An article that you have been involved in editing, Bioadhesive, has been proposed for a merge with another article. If you are interested in the merge discussion, please participate by going here, and adding your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. Leprof 7272 (talk) 23:38, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

Smart rubber page is hard to read:
I do not actually know anything about smart rubber, but the page on it is harder to read than any other wikipedia page that I have read. Is this the right place to report that? 129.6.178.236 (talk) 17:47, 21 August 2014 (UTC)Katie

 * Hi Katie, It's a good a place as any to bring it up. I've appended the section heading to include a link to the article in question, so people know exactly which article you're referring to. I tend to agree with your assessment. It seems to leap pretty much directly into jargon without providing any context for the reader; the last section seems to actually be a step-by-step synthesis route; and the references are formatted oddly, specifically no inline citations are used. I'm not overly familiar with smart rubber myself, but perhaps someone else will be able to help improve it. This particular wiki-project is somewhat underpopulated at the moment, so I'm not sure how many people will actually see this. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 21:46, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
 * In fact, the very first sentence in that article ( "Smart rubber is a polymer that is able to "heal" when torn.") is problematic. You can't mechanically tear a single polymer chain on the molecular level, as implied by that statement. Most synthetic rubbers are polymeric materials, but the mechanical properties are in the bulk. They're certainly not due to a single chain. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 22:05, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Well. I took a stab at it. I've also cross-posted this to WikiProject Chemistry where it will hopefully get a bit more attention. (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 22:47, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

Royal Society of Chemistry - Wikimedian in Residence
Hi folks,

I've just started work as Wikimedian in Residence at the Royal Society of Chemistry. Over the coming year, I'll be working with RSC staff and members, to help them to improve the coverage of chemistry-related topics in Wikipedia and sister projects.

You can keep track of progress at GLAM/Royal Society of Chemistry, and use the talk page if you have any questions or suggestions.

How can I and the RSC support your work to improve Wikipedia? Andy Mabbett ( Pigsonthewing ); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 15:46, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

""
The usage of is under discussion, see talk:carbon (fiber) -- 65.94.171.225 (talk) 04:20, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

Comment on the WikiProject X proposal
Hello there! As you may already know, most WikiProjects here on Wikipedia struggle to stay active after they've been founded. I believe there is a lot of potential for WikiProjects to facilitate collaboration across subject areas, so I have submitted a grant proposal with the Wikimedia Foundation for the "WikiProject X" project. WikiProject X will study what makes WikiProjects succeed in retaining editors and then design a prototype WikiProject system that will recruit contributors to WikiProjects and help them run effectively. Please review the proposal here and leave feedback. If you have any questions, you can ask on the proposal page or leave a message on my talk page. Thank you for your time! (Also, sorry about the posting mistake earlier. If someone already moved my message to the talk page, feel free to remove this posting.) Harej (talk) 22:47, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject X is live!

Hello everyone!

You may have received a message from me earlier asking you to comment on my WikiProject X proposal. The good news is that WikiProject X is now live! In our first phase, we are focusing on research. At this time, we are looking for people to share their experiences with WikiProjects: good, bad, or neutral. We are also looking for WikiProjects that may be interested in trying out new tools and layouts that will make participating easier and projects easier to maintain. If you or your WikiProject are interested, check us out! Note that this is an opt-in program; no WikiProject will be required to change anything against its wishes. Please let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!

Note: To receive additional notifications about WikiProject X on this talk page, please add this page to WikiProject X/Newsletter. Otherwise, this will be the last notification sent about WikiProject X.

Harej (talk) 16:56, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

""
The usage of is under discussion, see talk:carbon (fiber) -- 65.94.43.89 (talk) 04:57, 22 March 2015 (UTC)

Polymers WikiProject
Does this project actually have any active members anymore? (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 14:14, 1 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I'll take the dead silence as a "no". (+)H3N-Protein\Chemist-CO2(-) 14:40, 14 April 2015 (UTC)

Hello I just dropped by because this is a field I was active in a few years ago but women seem to be airbrushed from history. Please can I nominate my polymer chemist colleague Dr Silvia Villarroya for inclusion in the list of polymer chemists. Perhaps a new list might be created of up and coming contemporary polymer chemists. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.198.174.111 (talk) 10:46, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

Nylon (brand) vs Polyamide (chemical technical term)
I'm sure Nylon is a Brand Name of DoPond and not a chemical technical term. It is Polyamide. So I would change the name of the article regarding Polyamide 11, Polyamide 46 and redirected it vise versa. --Paul HT (talk) 06:56, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

Draft:Geopolymer concrete
Will some previously uninvolved editor please review and comment on Draft:Geopolymer concrete. Should it be accepted into article space? Robert McClenon (talk) 23:14, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Draft:Polyquaternium-7
Hi, I saw that Polyquaternium is within the scope of WikiProject Polymers. I started to gather information on Polyquaternium-7 and created a draft. Is this of use for the WikiProject Polymers? Can you help me improving it? --Magistra Sylvia (talk) 20:41, 1 March 2017 (UTC)

3D printing filament article
Hi all

I just created 3D printing filament, I'm a keen 3D printing hobbyist but don't know much about the plastics being used, if people could take a look it would be very much appreciated :)

Thanks

--John Cummings (talk) 16:48, 22 April 2017 (UTC)

Expert help at Gel point
Hello polymers experts (is there anyone there?) Would someone please take a look at Gel point. It's horrible (not a WP policy phrase), and has been horrible for some time. I think it started to go wrong here. To my eyes the article doesn't actually explain what "gel point" is. Would it be reasonable to roll back the article to the Revision as of 21:31, 17 March 2013 ? Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 11:51, 28 May 2017 (UTC)

Project status discussion
Please join the discussion at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Chemicals. --Dirk Beetstra T C 07:40, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

WikiProject collaboration notice from the Portals WikiProject
The reason I am contacting you is because there are one or more portals that fall under this subject, and the Portals WikiProject is currently undertaking a major drive to automate portals that may affect them.

Portals are being redesigned.

The new design features are being applied to existing portals.

At present, we are gearing up for a maintenance pass of portals in which the introduction section will be upgraded to no longer need a subpage. In place of static copied and pasted excerpts will be self-updating excerpts displayed through selective transclusion, using the template Transclude lead excerpt.

The discussion about this can be found here.

Maintainers of specific portals are encouraged to sign up as project members here, noting the portals they maintain, so that those portals are skipped by the maintenance pass. Currently, we are interested in upgrading neglected and abandoned portals. There will be opportunity for maintained portals to opt-in later, or the portal maintainers can handle upgrading (the portals they maintain) personally at any time.

Background
On April 8th, 2018, an RfC ("Request for comment") proposal was made to eliminate all portals and the portal namespace. On April 17th, the Portals WikiProject was rebooted to handle the revitalization of the portal system. On May 12th, the RfC was closed with the result to keep portals, by a margin of about 2 to 1 in favor of keeping portals.

There's an article in the current edition of the Signpost interviewing project members about the RfC and the Portals WikiProject.

Since the reboot, the Portals WikiProject has been busy building tools and components to upgrade portals.

So far, 84 editors have joined.

If you would like to keep abreast of what is happening with portals, see the newsletter archive.

If you have any questions about what is happening with portals or the Portals WikiProject, please post them on the WikiProject's talk page.

Thank you. — The Transhumanist  11:00, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

Thinsulate
Appreciate any help/input from chemists at /Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Thinsulate and Thinsulate. Thanks. Djm-leighpark (talk) 18:29, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

Polyisobutene
Polyisobutene currently redirects to Butyl rubber but I have nominated it for retargetting to Polybutene. Your comments are invited to the discussion at Redirects for discussion/Log/2019 January 6. Thryduulf (talk) 14:40, 6 January 2019 (UTC)

A new newsletter directory is out!
A new Newsletter directory has been created to replace the old, out-of-date one. If your WikiProject and its taskforces have newsletters (even inactive ones), or if you know of a missing newsletter (including from sister projects like WikiSpecies), please include it in the directory! The template can be a bit tricky, so if you need help, just post the newsletter on the template's talk page and someone will add it for you.
 * – Sent on behalf of Headbomb. 03:11, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

Seasoning (cookware)
I want to call attention to the Wikipedia article "Seasoning (cookware)" which is in the Polymer project but perhaps should not be. There are claims made that heating vegetable oil in a cast-iron skillet produces a hard coating of an organic polymer. However, there is no scientific evidence given that this is the case, rather than something like formation of an iron carbide coating instead. Perhaps there is someone here who can shed more light on the problem?

Michaeld42 (talk) 17:55, 16 June 2019 (UTC)

Definitions
Dear all,

As the Subcommittee of Polymer Technology of the Polymer Division of IUPAC, we have been looking into certain definitions that are on this page. For instance, we think the following statement below is ambiguous since there are multiple ways of how biodegradable additives work that are not focused on quorum sensing.

"Biodegradable additives attract microorganisms to the polymer through quorum sensing after biofilm creation on the plastic product. "

We are planning to go through to the page and perhaps suggest some alternatives for certain statements that are made.

--MarloesPeeters (talk) 12:49, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

Request for input regarding Merge Request
There is a request for the merger of the article into  at the Merge Request Noticeboard. Discussion is at an impass. Your input is welcome at the discussion page >>>HERE<<<. Thank you, GenQuest  "Talk to Me" 13:10, 20 August 2019 (UTC)

Polymer_Char
I ran into this article, and noticed that many of the techniques there were not wikilinked. Upon wikilinking, most turn into redlinks. (article itself could use a bit of upgrade as well). --Dirk Beetstra T C 09:18, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

User script to detect unreliable sources
I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. Some of you may already be familiar with it, given it is currently the 39th most imported script on Wikipedia. The idea is that it takes something like and turns it into something like
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from cite web, cite journal and doi.

The script is mostly based on WP:RSPSOURCES, WP:NPPSG and WP:CITEWATCH and a good dose of common sense. I'm always expanding coverage and tweaking the script's logic, so general feedback and suggestions to expand coverage to other unreliable sources are always welcomed.

Do note that this is not a script to be mindlessly used, and several caveats apply. Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable.

-   Headbomb {t · c · p · b}

This is a one time notice and can't be unsubscribed from. Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:02, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Missing article: Poly-viscose
Please see: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Textile Arts. — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  02:11, 31 May 2023 (UTC)

Assistance with Crazing
Hopefully this is still being monitored, it shows as inactive. The page Crazing needs some serious work. I do not know enough beyond knowing that there is far more to this. I would think this should be a relatively high priority page for this project. Ldm1954 (talk) 08:52, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Polymers


text:
User talk:Mbjarland

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! [[smoddy ]] 11:43, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Mbjarland


text:
User talk:Popsyama

egypt is the greatest country that ever lived..and there will be noone who changes that

title: User talk:Popsyama


text:
Keinton Mandeville

Keinton Mandeville, commonly referred to as Keinton, is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on top of Combe Hill, 6 mi west of Castle Cary in the former South Somerset district. The village has a population of 1,215. It is located next to Barton St David.

The village is well known for its history of quarrying and Blue Lias stone which is found locally in the region, as well as the birth of Henry Irving, the first actor to be knighted. A blue plaque is placed in high street where he was born to commemorate him.

History
At the time of the Domesday Book it was known as Chintone meaning the noble's enclosure from the Old English cyne and tun. The Mandeville part of the village's name came from Stephen de Mandeville around 1243.

The parish was previously called Keinton Mansfield. It was part of the hundred of Catsash.

Times Past In Keinton Mandeville shows an insight into life in the village from people who lived there. It contains old photos and information about the villages past.

The village was formerly home to branches of two banks, National Westminster Bank and Lloyds. Both closed in the early 90s.

Keinton Mandeville once had a butcher, baker, blacksmith, ironmonger, wheelwright, carpenter, carrier, draper, hats and haberdashery, grocer, garage, two banks, post office, two chapels, a policeman, railway, social club and 18 different stone quarries.

Keinton Mandeville railway station opened in 1905, but closed in 1962 due to beeching cuts.

On the 18 Feb 2023, 226 trees and shrubs were planted for the Queens Green Canopy project.

Governance
Keinton Mandeville is in the Somerton electoral ward, which elects 2 councillors every 4 years to Somerset Council. It also has a parish council with responsibility for local issues.

Previously the village was within the district of South Somerset from 1974 to 2023, and within Langport Rural District from 1894 to 1974.

It is part of the Somerton and Frome constituency for elections to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Places of interest

 * Keinton Mandeville school which provides education for 151 children. In the grounds is a listed dovecote. Quarry in Keinton Mandeville (geograph 3371233).jpg in Keinton Mandeville.]]
 * Lake View quarry which was used for the extraction of Blue Lias building stone (It has now been turned into a housing estate)
 * The Three Old Castles Inn which was built in the late 18th century was a public house but has now closed and is a private house.
 * In the High Street is the Quarry Inn, the last remaining pub in the village.
 * Village hall which was built in 1998.
 * The MUGA (multi use games area) which was built in 2013.

Religious sites
The Church of St. Mary Magdalene dates from the 13th century and has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.

There is also a Wesleyan Methodist Chapel which was built in 1843.

Notable residents
Irving House in Castle Street was the birthplace of actor Henry Irving. It is a Grade II listed building and has a bronze plaque which reads Here was born Henry Irving, Knight, Actor, 6th February 1838. * Irving Road, which was built in the late 1980s, was named after Irving.

title: Keinton Mandeville


text:
User talk:Insouciance

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! ...Although it's a little late :)Lectonar 11:44, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Pierre Beauchamp
Hi, I have added Pierre Beauchamp to Portal:Dance/New articles --Roland2 22:54, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Rigaudon
Thanks for improving that stub. Here's a mystery. Google has a cached page of a site claiming to have copied a full earlier version of a english entry Rigaudon Horatioaitch 17:08, 11 July 2006 (UTC)horatioaitch

 * The earlier article was plagarised from Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians -- see User_talk:Primetime -- and hence removed as a copyright violation.

 * My rigaudon stub is still rather stubby, and I'm pretty sure it is also a folk dance, but since I don't know anything about that I didn't want to add any false information. -Insouciance 21:01, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Priest
Thanks for adding to the Josiah Priest page. I don't know about dance, I just wrote about him because of his connection with Purcell, so it's really nice to have someone who does know a bit about dance to add to it! Thanks! If you have any questions or administrator-type requests, feel free to ask on my talk page. Cheers, Mak  (talk)  14:28, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

hello
thanks for the very nice detailed info you added to the paragraph I put into the Académie Royale de Musique article. I forgot all about Pierre Beauchamp!!!

--Mrlopez2681 03:51, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

ECD edit
Why'd you change the link from my John Weaver website to point only at the LOC editions of a subset of the books in question? Greg 19:36, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Greg,

 * (Not sure if I'm expected to reply here, or on your discussion page. Replying here, will move if necessary.)

 * My reading of the article was that the links refer to the 1706 ECD collection by Feuillet and its translation by Essex. Your site contains six books and links:

 * Orchesography 1st ed. Not mentioned in the article. Describes B-F notation, not directly relevant to ECD.
 * Broken link to: Orchesography 2nd ed. Not mentioned in the article. I checked to see if there were any additions from the 1st ed - the whole thing had been re-done, but the only substantial change in content seemed to be the addition of three notated duets. So not relevant to ECD.
 * A Small Treatise of Time and Cadence... Not mentioned in the article. Describes step timing, not directly relevant to ECD.
 * Broken link to: A collection of ball-dances performed at court (1706). Not mentioned in the article. A collection of (exquisite) dances by Isaac in B-F notation. Not ECD.
 * Broken link to: For the further improvement of dancing (1710). Mentioned in the article, ECD choreographies.
 * Broken link to: Recueil de contredanses (Feuillet, 1706). Mentioned in the article, ECD choreographies.

 * Your links to the Library of Congress copies don't seem to work for my browser/firewall combination, but assuming that either this is something weird at my end, or that you fix the links, then it still seems better to link directly to the facsimiles. The actual content hosted at your site (two books) is only relevant to what is conventionally known as "Baroque dance", not to ECD. Of the four external links on your site, only two are to ECD content, and ISTM to be better to link to those works directly rather than to force the user to locate them on your page.

 * I hope you don't take it personally that I changed the link (in HTML it's hard to tell if your question was asked in a tone of indignation, or just mild curiosity). Your site has great content and is correctly linked to from the John Weaver article. However as far as I can see it only adds extra clicks to the ECD article.

 * (Incidentally another possible broken link on your site: on page http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/weaver/time_and_cadence/ clicking on the facsimile of the cover leads to a 404 error.)

 * -Insouciance 12:30, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Added later: Looks like those four links on your site are working again - they redirect, so possibly the final destination is more stable than the URLS you are linking to. -Insouciance 15:40, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Weaver also translated Feuillet, he just isn't given equal billing (yet) for having done so in the ECD article. BTW, I don't know how you can say anything is "not relevant to ECD", given that we don't know what steps were used for ECD in that era. I always thought the academic consensus was that it was probably done with Baroque-style steps. Greg 01:38, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * There are two works by Feuillet being discussed here: his Choregraphie (1700) and his Receuil de Contredances (1706). It is the latter that is mentioned in the ECD article and was translated by Essex. I have a copy or Richard Ralph's The Life and Works of John Weaver in front of me and I can only find mentions of two translations by Weaver of works by Feuillet: the two works on your site, neither of which is a translation of Feuillet's collection of ECD. It does, however, specifically mention Essex's translation (p108 and footnote 38, p155). So as far as I can see Weaver did not translate the work mentioned in the ECD article, and if he did there isn't a copy of it on your site.

 * I have edited the article on Feuillet so that its information about translations is correct as far as my knowledge goes.

 * Also, I did write "not directly relevant to ECD" in a couple of places because, as you say, we have clear evidence (Lorin, Feuillet, Essex) that Baroque-style steps were used in ECD at least some of the time. I'm not sure there is an "academic consensus" as to what was most common during this period. As I'm sure you know, early Playford dances use simples and doubles, Renaissance-style steps that become close approximations of Baroque-style steps if done with turn-out. English Regency period country dances seem to have used lively hopping and skipping steps, including pas de rigaudon (we're getting out of my period here). Hogarth's The Country Dance from The Happy Marriage (c1745) and its reworking as Plate II in The Analysis of Beauty (1753) seem to suggest a variety of movement styles (how much of this is illustrative and how much satirical is open to debate). The current ECD article contains only one sentence about the Baroque period steps, this could be expanded and then Feuillet's Choregraphie could be mentioned as one of several primary sources used in reconstructing the baroque-style steps. However, at that point it seems to me that more relevant links would be to detailed written descriptions in works such as Rameau, Essex or Tomlinson (who even includes a final chapter on country dance, perhaps somewhat grudgingly), and we should not neglect mentioning Taubert, or works by modern reconstructors such as Hilton and Lancelot.

 * -Insouciance 14:29, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually you're still exceeding the evidence available: Playford mentions singles and doubles, but we have no idea if they are "Renaissance-style steps that become close approximations of Baroque-style steps if done with turn-out". You are correct that later Regency ECD use those skippy steps, which are documented in a manual somewhere. But most modern people dancing those dances use walking steps. All of this is worth mentioning in the article. Greg 02:55, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Category:Music print publishers
Hello I thought I'd better inform you that this category has been proposed to be merged into Category:Publishers of sheet music- the discussion is here Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_May_7. Gustav von Humpelschmumpel 16:01, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Insouciance


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Kingsbury Episcopi

Kingsbury Episcopi is a village and civil parish on the River Parrett in Somerset, England, situated 9 mi north west of Yeovil in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 1,307. The parish includes the villages of West Lambrook, East Lambrook and Thorney.

History
The "Episcopi" part of the village's name means "of the Bishop" in Latin. It refers to the fact that the village belonged to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and not the nearby abbey at Muchelney.

The parish was part of the Kingsbury Hundred,

Thorney suffered serious flooding during the Winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels.

Governance
The village falls within the Curry Rivel and Langport electoral division for elections to Somerset Council. It was formerly part of South Somerset district from 1974 to 2023, and part of Langport Rural District from 1894 to 1974.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Landmarks
Other historic buildings in the village include many old houses, a public house called the Wyndham Arms, a Wesleyan church and an octagonal village lock-up that was used to detain drunks and suspected criminals.

The East Lambrook Manor dates from the 15th century. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. The garden was planted by Margery Fish from 1938 until her death in 1969. She wrote several books on cottage gardens and held the National Collection of Geraniums, and a collection of snowdrops.

Religious sites
Kingsbury Episcopi's church of St Martin boasts an ornate Somerset Tower, 99 ft tall, made of stone from nearby Ham Hill. Pevsner describes the chancel and chapels of the church as "gloriously lit" and advises visiting on a fine morning. He writes that the nave is older than the rest of the church, "no doubt of before 1400, and not yet infected with the later exuberance" of the Late Perpendicular style of the tower and other parts of St Martin's. Poyntz Wright suggests the west tower was built in 1515. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.

The church of St James in East Lambrook dates from the 12th century.

Culture
Kingsbury is known for its May Festival which is held on the May Day Bank Holiday and attracts over 4,000 visitors. Another popular attraction is the Lowland Games, where events include mud wrestling, river raft racing and bale racing, while locally brewed cider is available.

Other nearby places of interest include the Burrow Hill Cider Farm.

The mid-summer Lowland Games have been held near the village of Thorney annually since 1984.

The River Parrett Trail, a walking route that follows the course of the river, passes through the village.

title: Kingsbury Episcopi


text:
History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent

The history of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BCE. Metals and related concepts were mentioned in various early Vedic age texts. The Rigveda already uses the Sanskrit term ayas (अयस्). The Indian cultural and commercial contacts with the Near East and the Greco-Roman world enabled an exchange of metallurgic sciences. The advent of the Mughals (established: April 21, 1526—ended: September 21, 1857) further improved the established tradition of metallurgy and metal working in India. During the period of British rule in India (first by the East India Company and then by the Crown), the metalworking industry in India stagnated due to various colonial policies, though efforts by industrialists led to the industry's revival during the 19th century.

Overview
Recent excavations in Middle Ganga Valley done by archaeologist Rakesh Tewari show iron working in India may have begun as early as 1800 BCE. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in the state of Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE – 1200 BCE. Sahi (1979: 366) concluded that by the early 13th century BCE, iron smelting was definitely practiced on a bigger scale in India, suggesting that the date the technology's inception may well be placed as early as the 16th century BCE.

The Black and Red Ware culture was another early Iron Age archaeological culture of the northern Indian subcontinent. It is dated to roughly the 12th – 9th centuries BCE, and associated with the post-Rigvedic Vedic civilization. It extended from the upper Gangetic plain in Uttar Pradesh to the eastern Vindhya range and West Bengal.

Perhaps as early as 500 BCE, although certainly by 200 CE, high quality steel was being produced in southern India by what Europeans would later call the crucible technique. In this system, high-purity wrought iron, charcoal, and glass were mixed in crucibles and heated until the iron melted and absorbed the carbon. The resulting high-carbon steel, called fūlāḏ by the Arabs (فولاذ) and wootz by later Europeans, was exported throughout much of Asia and Europe.

Will Durant wrote in The Story of Civilization I: Our Oriental Heritage:

"'Something has been said about the chemical excellence of cast iron in ancient India, and about the high industrial development of the Gupta times, when India was looked to, even by Imperial Rome, as the most skilled of the nations in such chemical industries as dyeing, tanning, soap-making, glass and cement... By the sixth century the Hindus were far ahead of Europe in industrial chemistry; they were masters of calcinations, distillation, sublimation, steaming, fixation, the production of light without heat, the mixing of anesthetic and soporific powders, and the preparation of metallic salts, compounds and alloys. The tempering of steel was brought in ancient India to a perfection unknown in Europe till our own times; King Porus is said to have selected, as a specially valuable gift for Alexander, not gold or silver, but thirty pounds of steel. The Moslems took much of this Hindu chemical science and industry to the Near East and Europe; the secret of manufacturing 'Damascus' blades, for example, was taken by the Arabs from the Persians, and by the Persians from India.'"

Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and other texts
The Sanskrit term ayas means metal and can refer to bronze, copper or iron.

Rigveda
The Rigveda refers to ayas, and also states that the Dasyus had ayas (RV 2.20.8). In RV 4.2.17, "the gods [are] smelting like copper/metal ore the human generations".

The references to ayas in the Rig Veda probably refer to bronze or copper rather than to iron. Scholars like Bhargava maintain that Rigveda was written in the Vedic state of Brahmavarta and Khetri Copper mines formed an important location in Brahmavarta. Vedic people had used Copper extensively in agriculture, Water purification, tools, utensils etc., D. K. Chakrabarti (1992) argued: "It should be clear that any controversy regarding the meaning of ayas in the Rgveda or the problem of the Rgvedic familiarity or unfamiliarity with iron is pointless. There is no positive evidence either way. It can mean both copper-bronze and iron and, strictly on the basis of the contexts, there is no reason to choose between the two."

Arthashastra
The Arthashastra lays down the role of the Director of Metals, the Director of Forest Produce and the Director of Mining. It is the duty of the Director of Metals to establish factories for different metals. The Director of Mines is responsible for the inspection of mines. The Arthashastra also refers to counterfeit coins.

Other texts
There are many references to ayas in the early Indian texts.

The Atharvaveda and the Shatapatha Brahmana refer to kṛṣṇa-ayas (कृष्णायस्), which could be iron (but possibly also iron ore and iron items not made of smelted iron). There is also some controversy if the term śyāma-ayas (श्यामायस्), refers to iron or not. In later texts the term refers to iron. In earlier texts, it could possibly also refer to darker-than-copper bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. Copper can also become black by heating it. Oxidation with the use of sulphides can produce the same effect.

The Yajurveda seems to know iron. In the Taittiriya Samhita are references to ayas and at least one reference to smiths. The Satapatha Brahmana 6.1.3.5 refers to the smelting of metallic ore. In the Manu Smriti (6.71), the following analogy is found: "For as the impurities of metallic ores, melted in the blast (of a furnace), are consumed, even so the taints of the organs are destroyed through the suppression of the breath." Metal was also used in agriculture, and the Buddhist text Suttanipata has the following analogy: "for as a ploughshare that has got hot during the day when thrown into the water splashes, hisses and smokes in volumes..."

In the Charaka Samhita an analogy occurs that probably refers to the lost wax technique. The Silpasastras (the Manasara, the Manasollasa (Abhilashitartha Chintamani) and the Uttarabhaga of Silparatna) describe the lost wax technique in detail.

The Silappadikaram says that copper-smiths were in Puhar and in Madura. According to the History of the Han Dynasty by Ban Gu, Kashmir and "Tien-chu" were rich in metals.

An influential Indian metallurgist and alchemist was Nagarjuna (born 931). He wrote the treatise Rasaratnakara that deals with preparations of rasa (mercury) compounds. It gives a survey of the status of metallurgy and alchemy in the land. Extraction of metals such as silver, gold, tin and copper from their ores and their purification were also mentioned in the treatise. The Rasa Ratnasamuccaya describes the extraction and use of copper.

Archaeology
Chakrabarti (1976) has identified six early iron-using centres in India: Baluchistan, the Northwest, the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Gangetic valley, eastern India, Malwa and Berar in central India and the megalithic south India. The central Indian region seems to be the earliest iron-using centre.

According to Tewari, iron using and iron "was prevalent in the Central Ganga Plain and the Eastern Vindhyas from the early 2nd millennium BC."

The earliest evidence for smelted iron in India dates to 1300 to 1000 BCE. These early findings also occur in places like the Deccan and the earliest evidence for smelted iron occurs in Central India, not in north-western India. Moreover, the dates for iron in India are not later than in those of Central Asia, and according to some scholars (e.g. Koshelenko 1986) the dates for smelted iron may actually be earlier in India than in Central Asia and Iran. The Iron Age did however not necessary imply a major social transformation, and Gregory Possehl wrote that "the Iron Age is more of a continuation of the past then a break with it".

Archaeological data suggests that India was "an independent and early centre of iron technology." According to Shaffer, the "nature and context of the iron objects involved [of the BRW culture] are very different from early iron objects found in Southwest Asia." In Central Asia, the development of iron technology was not necessarily connected with Indo-Iranian migrations either.

J.M. Kenoyer (1995) also remarks that there is a "long break in tin acquisition" necessary for the production of "tin bronzes" in the Indus Valley region, suggesting a lack of contact with Baluchistan and northern Afghanistan, or the lack of migrants from the north-west who could have procured tin.

Indus Valley Civilization
The copper-bronze metallurgy in the Harappan civilization was widespread and had a high variety and quality. The early use of iron may have developed from the practice of copper-smelting. While there is to date no proven evidence for smelted iron in the Indus Valley civilization, iron ore and iron items have been unearthed in eight Indus Valley sites, some of them dating to before 2600 BCE. There remains the possibility that some of these items were made of smelted iron, and the term "kṛṣṇa-ayas" might possibly also refer to these iron items, even if they are not made of smelted iron.

Lothali copper is unusually pure, lacking the arsenic typically used by coppersmiths across the rest of the Indus valley. Workers mixed tin with copper for the manufacture of celts, arrowheads, fishhooks, chisels, bangles, rings, drills and spearheads, although weapon manufacturing was minor. They also employed advanced metallurgy in following the cire perdue technique of casting, and used more than one-piece moulds for casting birds and animals. They also invented new tools such as curved saws and twisted drills unknown to other civilizations at the time.

Copper
Copper technology may date back to the 4th millennium BCE in the Himalaya region. It is the first element to be discovered in metallurgy, Copper and its alloys were also used to create copper-bronze images such as Buddhas or Hindu/Mahayana Buddhist deities. Xuanzang also noted that there were copper-bronze Buddha images in Magadha. In Varanasi, each stage of the image manufacturing process is handled by a specialist.

Other metal objects made by Indian artisans include lamps. Copper was also a component in the razors for the tonsure ceremony.

One of the most important sources of history in the Indian subcontinent are the royal records of grants engraved on copper-plate grants (tamra-shasan or tamra-patra). Because copper does not rust or decay, they can survive indefinitely. Collections of archaeological texts from the copper-plates and rock-inscriptions have been compiled and published by the Archaeological Survey of India during the past century. The earliest known copper-plate known as the Sohgaura copper-plate is a Maurya record that mentions famine relief efforts. It is one of the very few pre-Ashoka Brahmi inscriptions in India.

Brass
Brass was used in Lothal and Atranjikhera in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BCE. Brass and probably zinc was also found at Taxila in 4th to 3rd century BCE contexts.

Gold and silver
The deepest gold mines of the Ancient world were found in the Maski region in Karnataka. There were ancient silver mines in northwest India. Dated to the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. gold and silver were also used for making utensils for the royal family and nobilities.the royal family wore costly fabrics that were made from gold and silver thin fibres embroidered or woven into fabrics or dress.

Iron
Recent excavations in Middle Ganges Valley show iron working in India may have begun as early as 1800 BCE. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek historian Herodotus observed that "Indian and the Persian army used arrows tipped with iron." Ancient Romans used armour and cutlery made of Indian iron. Pliny the Elder also mentioned Indian iron. Muhammad al-Idrisi wrote the Hindus excelled in the manufacture of iron, and that it would be impossible to find anything to surpass the edge from Hindwani steel. Quintus Curtius wrote about an Indian present of steel to Alexander. Ferrum indicum appeared in the list of articles subject to duty under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Indian Wootz steel was held in high regard in Europe, and Indian iron was often considered to be the best.

Wootz and steel
The first form of crucible steel was wootz, developed in India some time around 300 BCE. In its production the iron was mixed with glass and then slowly heated and then cooled. As the mixture cooled the glass would bond to impurities in the steel and then float to the surface, leaving the steel considerably purer. Carbon could enter the iron by diffusing in through the porous walls of the crucibles. Carbon dioxide would not react with the iron, but the small amounts of carbon monoxide could, adding carbon to the mix with some level of control. Wootz was widely exported throughout the Middle East, where it was combined with a local production technique around 1000 CE to produce Damascus steel, famed throughout the world. Wootz derives from the Tamil term for steel urukku. Indian wootz steel was the first high quality steel that was produced.

Henry Yule quoted the 12th-century Arab Edrizi who wrote: "The South Indians excel in the manufacture of iron, and in the preparations of those ingredients along with which it is fused to obtain that kind of soft iron which is usually styled Indian steel. They also have workshops wherein are forged the most famous sabres in the world. ...It is not possible to find anything to surpass the edge that you get from Indian steel (al-hadid al-Hindi).

As early as the 17th century, Europeans knew of India's ability to make crucible steel from reports brought back by travelers who had observed the process at several places in southern India. Several attempts were made to import the process, but failed because the exact technique remained a mystery. Studies of wootz were made in an attempt to understand its secrets, including a major effort by the famous scientist, Michael Faraday, son of a blacksmith. Working with a local cutlery manufacturer he wrongly concluded that it was the addition of aluminium oxide and silica from the glass that gave wootz its unique properties.

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many Indian wootz steel swords were ordered to be destroyed by the East India Company. The metalworking industry in India went into decline during the period of British Crown control due to various colonial policies, but steel production was revived in India by Jamsetji Tata.

Zinc
Zinc was extracted in India as early as in the 4th to 3rd century BCE. Zinc production may have begun in India, and ancient northwestern India is the earliest known civilization that produced zinc on an industrial scale. The distillation technique was developed around 1200 CE at Zawar in Rajasthan.

In the 17th century, China exported Zinc to Europe under the name of totamu or tutenag. The term tutenag may derive from the South Indian term Tutthanagaa (zinc). In 1597, Libavius, a metallurgist in England received some quantity of Zinc metal and named it as Indian/Malabar lead. In 1738, William Champion is credited with patenting in Britain a process to extract zinc from calamine in a smelter, a technology that bore a strong resemblance to and was probably inspired by the process used in the Zawar zinc mines in Rajasthan. His first patent was rejected by the patent court on grounds of plagiarising the technology common in India. However, he was granted the patent on his second submission of patent approval. Postlewayt's Universal Dictionary of 1751 still wasn't aware of how Zinc was produced.

The Arthashastra describes the production of zinc. The Rasaratnakara by Nagarjuna describes the production of brass and zinc. There are references of medicinal uses of zinc in the Charaka Samhita (300 BCE). The Rasaratna Samuchaya (800 CE) explains the existence of two types of ores for zinc metal, one of which is ideal for metal extraction while the other is used for medicinal purpose. It also describes two methods of zinc distillation.

Early history (—200 BCE)
Recent excavations in Middle Ganges Valley conducted by archaeologist Rakesh Tewari show iron working in India may have begun as early as 1800 BCE. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in the state of Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE-1200 BCE. Sahi (1979: 366) concluded that by the early 13th century BCE, iron smelting was definitely practiced on a bigger scale in India, suggesting that the date the technology's early period may well be placed as early as the 16th century BCE.

Some of the early iron objects found in India are dated to 1400 BCE by employing the method of radio carbon dating. Spikes, knives, daggers, arrow-heads, bowls, spoons, saucepans, axes, chisels, tongs, door fittings etc. ranging from 600 BCE—200 BCE have been discovered from several archaeological sites. In Southern India (present day Mysore) iron appeared as early as the 12th or 11th century BCE. These developments were too early for any significant close contact with the northwest of the country.

The earliest available Bronze age swords of copper discovered from the Harappan sites in Pakistan date back to 2300 BCE. Swords have been recovered in archaeological findings throughout the Ganges-Jamuna Doab region of India, consisting of bronze but more commonly copper. Diverse specimens have been discovered in Fatehgarh, where there are several varieties of hilt. These swords have been variously dated to periods between 1700 and 1400 BCE, but were probably used more extensively during the opening centuries of the 1st millennium BCE.

The beginning of the 1st millennium BCE saw extensive developments in iron metallurgy in India. Technological advancement and mastery of iron metallurgy was achieved during this period of peaceful settlements. The years between 322 and 185 BCE saw several advancements being made to the technology involved in metallurgy during the politically stable Maurya period (322—185 BCE). Greek historian Herodotus (431—425 BCE) wrote the first western account of the use of iron in India.

Perhaps as early as 300 BCE—although certainly by 200 CE—high quality steel was being produced in southern India by what Europeans would later call the crucible technique. In this system, high-purity wrought iron, charcoal, and glass were mixed in a crucible and heated until the iron melted and absorbed the carbon. The first crucible steel was the wootz steel that originated in India before the beginning of the common era. Wootz steel was widely exported and traded throughout ancient Europe, China, the Arab world, and became particularly famous in the Middle East, where it became known as Damascus steel. Archaeological evidence suggests that this manufacturing process was already in existence in South India well before the common era.

Zinc mines of Zawar, near Udaipur, Rajasthan, were active during 400 BCE. There are references of medicinal uses of zinc in the Charaka Samhita (300 BCE). The Rasaratna Samuccaya (800 CE) explains the existence of two types of ores for zinc metal, one of which is ideal for metal extraction while the other is used for medicinal purpose. The Periplus Maris Erythraei mentions weapons of Indian iron and steel being exported from India to Greece.

Early Common Era—Early Modern Era
The world's first iron pillar was the Iron pillar of Delhi—erected at the times of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–413), often considered as one of the finest pieces of ancient metallurgy. The swords manufactured in Indian workshops find written mention in the works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (flourished 1154). Indian Blades made of Damascus steel found their way into Persia. European scholars—during the 14th century—studied Indian casting and metallurgy technology. Indian metallurgy under the Mughal emperor Akbar (reign: 1556–1605) produced excellent small firearms. Gommans (2002) holds that Mughal handguns were probably stronger and more accurate than their European counterparts.

Srivastava & Alam (2008) comment on Indian coinage of the Mughal Empire (established: April 21, 1526 - ended: September 21, 1857) during Akbar's regime:

"Akbar reformed Mughal currency to make it one of the best known of its time. The new regime possessed a fully functioning trimetallic (silver, copper, and gold) currency, with an open minting system in which anyone willing to pay the minting charges could bring metal or old or foreign coin to the mint and have it struck. All monetary exchanges were, however, expressed in copper coins in Akbar's time. In the 17th century, following the silver influx from the New World, silver rupee with new fractional denominations replaced the copper coin as a common medium of circulation. Akbar's aim was to establish a uniform coinage throughout his empire; some coins of the old regime and regional kingdoms also continued."

Statues of Nataraja and Vishnu were cast during the reign of the imperial Chola dynasty (200–1279) in the 9th century. The casting could involve a mixture of five metals: copper, zinc, tin, gold, and silver. Considered great feat in metallurgy, the hollow, Seamless, celestial globe was invented in Kashmir by Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman in 998 AH (1589-90 CE), and twenty other such globes were later produced in Lahore and Kashmir during the Mughal Empire. These Indian metallurgists pioneered the method of lost-wax casting, and disguised plugs, in order to produce these globes.

Native arms production
The first iron-cased and metal-cylinder rockets (Mysorean rockets) were developed by the Mysorean army of the South Indian Kingdom of Mysore in the 1780s. The Mysoreans successfully used these iron-cased rockets against the Presidency armies of the East India Company during the Anglo-Mysore Wars.

Colonial British Era—Republic of India
Modern steel making in India began with the setting of first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works. The Ordnance Factory Board established Metal & Steel Factory (MSF) at Calcutta, in 1872 The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dorabji Tata in 1907, as part of his father's conglomerate. By 1939 Tata operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire, and accounted for a significant proportion of the 2 million tons pig iron and 1.13 of steel produced in British India annually.

Other terms

 * Prastarika: metal trader
 * Sulbhadhatusastra: science of metals
 * panchaloha, sarva loha: the five base metals (tin, lead, iron, copper, silver)


text:
Kingsdon, Somerset

Kingsdon is a village and parish in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England, situated 3 mi south east of Somerton. The village has a population of 303 but this is set to rise to around 350 once the Kingsdon Manor development is complete. The majority of the houses in the village are clustered on the side of the hill from which there are scenic views across the Somerset countryside.

Many of the old buildings and houses in the village are protected with Grade 2 listed building status and the centre is also a conservation area. Recently built houses have been faced with Blue Lias stone to ensure that they blend in suitably to the village. Some buildings are thatched, including the Kingsdon Inn.

Kingsdon village shop is situated in the former primary school and is a volunteer-run enterprise set up in 2014 as an Industrial and Provident Society for the Benefit of the Community (IPS Bencom). Outside of the shop the old telephone box has been restored to provide a library. Other amenities include a village hall, allotments and adventure play equipment on the recreation field. Kingsdon has its own cricket ground in the grounds of the former Manor. The Kingsdon Chronicle is produced monthly as an independent journal and delivered free of charge to all residents.

The village is in the low fly zone for RNAS Yeovilton. Within the wider Kingsdon parish is World Horse Welfare's Glenda Spooner Farm Rescue and Re-homing Centre, named after Glenda Spooner founder, chairman and organising secretary of the Ponies of Britain Club and which cares for around 65 horses at a time.

History
The village is situated near the Fosse Way Roman road and two Roman villas were excavated in the village in the 19th century, but nothing remains of them today.

The village name is derived from Kingsdon Hill which is in the north west of the parish and reflects its history as part of the royal estate of Somerton at the time of the Norman Conquest. The manor was granted to the Gouvis family by 1194, and in 1528, bought by Thomas Arundell of Wardour Castle, whose descendants held it until it was sold to Aaron Moody in 1801. On 4 March 2010 the thatched roof of the Kingsdon Inn, the village pub, caught fire and the roof was destroyed. £250,000 was subsequently spent repairing the building which was built in the early 19th century.

Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Langport Rural District. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one member of parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Geography
To the east of the village lies the River Cary and Lytes Cary a manor house with associated chapel and gardens. The property, owned by the National Trust, has parts dating to the 14th century, with other sections dating to the 15th, 16th, 18th, and 20th centuries. "Yet all parts blend to perfection with one another and with the gentle sunny landscape that surrounds them," comments Nikolaus Pevsner. The House is listed as Grade I by English Heritage.

South of the village is the A372 road which runs to Bridgwater from the Podimore roundabout on the A303.

Education
There was a small Church of England Primary School, founded 1872, with about 10 pupils aged 4–11 years. It closed in August 2011 due to pupil numbers. In 2014 the former school was opened as a community village shop.

The village was, up until the end of the summer term 2008, home to Kingsdon Manor School, which served Bristol and other local areas as a residential Special School, for up to 40 boys aged 10–16 years with emotional or behavioural difficulties. It was housed in a large manor house built in 1830. The manor house is presently being converted for residential use with additional housing to be built in the grounds.

Religious sites
The ancient church, dedicated to All Saints, has a four-stage tower which was built in the 15th century replacing a previous one over the north transept. It has six bells and a clock which has no face, but has recently been restored to chime the hours. There is a hamstone effigy of a cross-legged knight under the north window. The parish is one of five in the benefice of 'Somerton with Compton Dundon, The Charltons and Kingsdon'.

title: Kingsdon, Somerset


text:
User talk:Skip46

Welcome!

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