text:
Talk:Vågan

"Kabelvåg is the oldest fishing village in Lofoten, where King Øystein built the first fishing shacks in the early 12th c."

Vågan is even older than that and may date back to the iron age, how far back is difficult to say, but some have speculated to about 600. --128.39.12.150 09:29, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Vågan


text:
User:Qbytes

woo hooo.. on my way for creating a wiki page :D

why qbytes ?

q --- quantum bytes --- ahem ...

i got my first experience in the industry in quantum chemistry.. thus have a liking for the word Q.

bytes.. need i say more ???

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Qbytes


text:
Manon Lescaut (Auber)

Manon Lescaut is an opera or opéra comique in three acts by Daniel Auber to a libretto by Eugène Scribe, and, like Puccini's Manon Lescaut and Massenet's Manon, is based on Abbé Prévost's novel Manon Lescaut (1731). Auber's version is nowadays the least-performed of the three.

Performance history
The opera was premiered on 23 February 1856 by the Opéra-Comique at the second Salle Favart in Paris. It was the first work to be staged by that company that did not have a happy ending. It was staged in Liège in 1875, revived at the Opéra-Comique in 1882, and regularly performed in Germany as well as France. However, since the dawn of the twentieth century stagings have become something of a rarity.

It was staged at the Teatro Filarmonico, Verona in 1984 with Mariella Devia as Manon. In 1990, a production by the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne was staged at the Opéra-Comique with the Orchestre Régional de Picardie 'La Sinfonietta' conducted by Patrick Fournillier with Elizabeth Vidal in the title role (her first principal role), Alain Gabriel, René Massis and André Cognet, directed by David Freeman; a video recording of a performance there that September was released by Le Chant du Monde. It was produced at the Wexford Festival in October 2002, conducted by Jean-Luc Tingaud, and featured Ermonela Jaho as Marguerite.

In North America, the opera was performed in 2006 by the Lyric Opera of Los Angeles at the Los Angeles Theatre.

Synopsis
The story only loosely resembles the original novel by Prévost (where, for instance, Lescaut is Manon's brother, not her cousin). There is one character – the Marquis d'Herigny – who represents the several wealthy suitors that Manon became involved with in the novel. Some other characters are absent entirely, and others are completely new to this telling of the story.

Music
The role of Manon Lescaut is a demanding one, with a very high tessitura, extended florid passages and arias of outstanding technical difficulty. Nonetheless, it also presents great opportunities for characterisation and (at least before the appearance of the operas on the same subject by Puccini and Massenet) was one of the staples of the operatic repertoire – not only in France, but also in Germany. The role of the Marquis d'Herigny, written for the famous baritone, Jean-Baptiste Faure, also features several significant solos; but the tenor role of Des Grieux (given two major arias by Massenet and three by Puccini) lacks a major solo, although the character does participate in a series of fine duets, notably at the death of Manon near the end of the opera.

One number in the score has retained its popularity with coloratura sopranos. This is Manon's solo, "C'est l'histoire amoureuse", also known as "L'éclat de rire" or the "Laughing Song". It is not a free-standing aria – in fact, it forms part of the act 1 finale – but ever since its creation it has been a chosen showcase for the technique of singers such as Adelina Patti (who sang it during the lesson scene in The Barber of Seville), Amelita Galli-Curci, Joan Sutherland and Edita Gruberová.

Recordings

 * Manon Lescaut – Mady Mesplé, Jean-Claude Orliac, Peter-Christoph Runge, Yves Bisson – Choeurs et orchestre lyrique de Radio France, Jean-Pierre Marty (conductor) – EMI (recorded in October 1974).
 * Manon Lescaut – Elizabeth Vidal, Alain Gabriel, René Massis – Les Choeurs du Théâtre Français de la Musique, the Orchestre Régional de Picardie Le Sinfonietta, Patrick Fournillier (conductor) – Le Chant du Monde (recorded live in 1990, released in 1991).

title: Manon Lescaut (Auber)


text:
Talk:György Cziffra

Untitled
I don't understand... is Georges Cziffra Jr. dead or not? --Missmarple 09:31, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm sure he's dead, then. Information on Jr. seems to be very hard to find, I just supposed he was still alive when I wrote the stub on him. — Pladask 18:20, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Date of death 15 January
We show him dying on 17 January, but I’ve found this cite, published on 18 January 1994, a Tuesday, which says he died "on Saturday". The date of that Saturday was 15 January 1994. The German cite (Cziffra Fondation Vienna) we already have also says 15 January. Article changed accordingly. -- JackofOz (talk) 07:39, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Did he won in Liszt Competition?
I can't find any record. 125.189.33.68 (talk) 15:52, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

 * No, the competition was first held in 1986 and the full list of winners is at http://www.liszt.nl/pages/prijswinnaars-1986-2014 JohnHarris (talk) 12:55, 22 June 2017 (UTC)

 * There is no claim in the article that he did win it. Martinevans123 (talk) 13:29, 22 June 2017 (UTC)

Jazz
Hi Martin, re, just wanted to mention that I think we can find sourcing for Cziffra's work in the Jazz arena. I found this dissertation with Proquest:

"Hungarian gypsy style in the Lisztian spirit: Georges Cziffra's two transcriptions of Brahms' Fifth Hungarian Dance. Loparits, Elizabeth. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3307209."

Which relates the following:

References 188, 189 and 190 are as follows:

 * 188 “Cziffra Györgyre emlékezünk,” 1994.
 * 189 “Cziffra Györgyre emlékezünk,” 1994.
 * 190 Peter Seidle, “Georges Cziffra,” in Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine Enzyklopedie der Musik, ed. Ludwig Finscher, vol. 5 (Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2001), 235.

I'll try to return to this shortly to see if I can verify at least one of those references. What do you think? -Darouet (talk) 14:51, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi Darouet. Thanks very much. I would certainly support you adding something along those lines with those sources. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:00, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * great! It looks like references 188–189 are to a PORT.hu documentary, "We remember György Cziffra." I'll add these. -Darouet (talk) 15:07, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * I see there is a YouTube clip entitled "CZIFFRA - JAZZ & IMPROVISATION (1978) 1/3 !!!". I'd link to it here but I might get another indef block by User:Fram for possible copyright violation. I think I'd have to agree with one of the commenters over there who says: "Insane technique but there's No swing in this!!!" Martinevans123 (talk) 15:26, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * when you write "Insane technique but there's No swing in this!!!" are you referring to Cziffra's playing or to the potential block? -Darouet (talk) 15:29, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Hahaha. In retrospect, I think it would have to be both! Martinevans123 (talk) 15:32, 5 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I guess my original gripe was that there was something in the infobox that wasn't supported in the article text. So I guess we should add there too (and the source(s) could appear just in the text?) Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 15:46, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

 * OK will try to get to it shortly. RL obligations over here in academic never-never land... -Darouet (talk) 15:58, 5 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Done . -Darouet (talk) 16:55, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:György Cziffra


text:
Jeong Seon

Jeong Seon (정선; 1676 – 20 April 1759) was a Korean landscape painter, also known by the art names Gyeomjae and Nangok. His ja was Wonbaek. His works include ink and oriental water paintings, such as Inwangjesaekdo (1751), Geumgang jeondo (1734), and Ingokjeongsa (1742), as well as numerous "true-view" landscape paintings on the subject of Korea and the history of its culture. He is counted among the most famous Korean painters. The landscape paintings that he produced reflect most of the geographical features of Korea. His style is realistic rather than abstract.

Biography
Jeong was born on 16 February 1676, in the Jongno District of Seoul, in the Cheongun-dong neighborhood. He was the eldest son of Jeong Si-ik (1638–1689), the descendant of an illustrious and gentry family that originally came from Gwangju. Soon in infancy, he was noted for his artistic talents and is said to have painted daily, with a prolific output until old age. But his family was so poor that he couldn't become a scholar-painter (a yangban painting for leisure). Nevertheless, he was introduced in a circle of powerful neighbors and was, on their recommendation, allowed to work for the Dohwaseo (Joseon Bureau of Paintings) and also created landscapes for patrons and clients.

In his 36th year (1711), he toured Mt. Geumgang with Pak Tae-yu (1648–1746), the local governor, and produced the 13-paintings Album Pungak Mountain, Sin-myo Year. The next year, another trip to Mt. Geumgang produced the 30 paintings Album Realistic Representations of Sea and Mountains. Both albums were augmented by various poems written by Jeong Seon's protectors. His self-chosen pen name Gyeomjae (i.e. "humble study") was reflecting this asymmetrical relationship.

In 1716, in his 41st year, he was granted a tenure of Geomgyosu (兼敎授; professor extraordinary) at Gwansanggam (觀象監; the Office for Observance of Natural Phenomena). This was taking into account the fact that Jeong Seon was from beginning proficient at Book of Changes(周易) and Astronomy. But this gave him further impetus... and an official position. He served as district magistrate of Hayang (1721–1726), of Cheongha (c. 1733), and of Yangcheon (1740–1745). Later in life, he was honored by King Yeongjo, who bestowed on him the official title of the fourth rank in 1754 and the second rank in 1756.

Significance
Jeong is one of the most famous Korean painters. He inspired other Korean artists to follow suit, leaving a lasting impact on Korean art. He was the most eminent painter in the late Joseon period. Jeong explored the scenic beauty of the capital city of Hanyang (Seoul), the Han River, the East Sea, and the Diamond Mountain. He is the first painter of true-view Korean landscapes. Differing from earlier techniques and traditional Chinese styles, he created a new style of painting depicting the virtues of Korea.

By the end of the decade, Jeong had developed his own, more realistic style, likely under the influence of the [Silhak] movement. This set him apart from the then-prevailing Chinese literati tradition of idealised and abstract landscape art. His grandson, Jeong Hwang (鄭榥, 1737–?), displayed the true-view landscape style in addition to genre painting.

Style
정선 관동명승첩 중 망양정.jpg

Jeong was one of the few known Korean painters to depart from traditional Chinese styles. It is reported that he frequently left his studio and painted the world around him, as he could see it. His paintings are classified as part of the Southern School, but he developed his own style by realistically portraying natural scenes such as mountains and streams with bold strokes of his brush.

A major characteristic of his work is intermixed dark and light areas, created by layers of ink wash and lines. His mountains are punctuated by forests, which in turn are lightened by mists and waterfalls. Vegetation is made from dots, a technique that bears the influence of Chinese painter Mi Fei (1052–1107). Jeong's style would influence generations of Korean artists, and become one of the iconic images of Korean nationalism.

English sources
catalog of the June 5, 1998—Jan. 24, 1999 exhibition. (fully available online as PDF).
 * 1) Museum
 * 2) the MET
 * 3) MET.
 * 1) KAA  original seems dead
 * 2) Original is largely quicker.
 * 3) Jstor subscription
 * 1) Jstor subscription

linked to dbpia

 * 1) *linked at academic.naver
 * 2) *Xiaoxiangbajin i.e. Sosangpalgyeongdo is described at Canterbury Thesis
 * 3) *linked at academic.naver
 * 4) *linked at academic.naver
 * 5) *linked at KCI
 * 6) *linked at academic.naver
 * 1) *linked at academic.naver
 * 2) *linked at KCI
 * 3) *linked at academic.naver
 * 1) *linked at academic.naver

title: Jeong Seon


text:
Talk:Joan (given name)

Catalan - Joan and Juan and John
Joan is also a male name in Catalan. It is the same as "Juan" in Castillian-Spanish or "John" in English. So it is not correct to say that it is a female name at all.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Roi Marphille (talk • contribs) 09:32, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Joan I dupe
I hesitate to just delete one, due to linkages. Would that cause misdirects? rags (talk) 14:55, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Joan which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 07:34, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joan (given name)


text:
Sampled data system

In systems science, a sampled-data system is a control system in which a continuous-time plant is controlled with a digital device. Under periodic sampling, the sampled-data system is time-varying but also periodic; thus, it may be modeled by a simplified discrete-time system obtained by discretizing the plant. However, this discrete model does not capture the inter-sample behavior of the real system, which may be critical in a number of applications.

The analysis of sampled-data systems incorporating full-time information leads to challenging control problems with a rich mathematical structure. Many of these problems have only been solved recently.

title: Sampled data system


text:
Hems

Hems may refer to:

 * Homs, Syria
 * Air Ambulance - HEMS: Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
 * EMS - HEMS: Home Energy Management Systems
 * Mangalore Airport (Victoria), IATA airport code "HEMS"

title: Hems


text:
Talk:Kenneth Wolstenholme

Start classification
I have classified this article as a start due to its level of detail. It badly needs to be referenced and the number of quotes needs to be considered. Capitalistroadster 07:28, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kenneth Wolstenholme


text:
Hecla

Hecla is the traditional English spelling of the Icelandic volcano, Hekla, and may also refer to:

Places

 * Fury and Hecla Strait, Nunavut, Canada
 * Hecla, Kentucky, USA
 * Hecla, Missouri, USA
 * Hecla, Montana, USA

 * Hecla Iron Works Building, Brooklyn, NY, USA
 * Hecla, South Dakota, USA
 * Hecla, Wyoming, USA, a ghost town near Laramie
 * Hecla and Fury Islands, Nunavut, Canada
 * Hecla and Griper Bay, Nunavut and Northwest Territories, Canada
 * Hecla-Grindstone Provincial Park, Manitoba, Canada
 * Hecla (South Uist), a 606 m mountain on the island of South Uist, Scotland

Ships

 * Hecla-class bomb vessel
 * Hecla-class survey vessel
 * HMS Hecla, various
 * RMS Hecla, Cunard Line ocean liner

Other uses

 * Hecla Mining, Idaho based mining company
 * Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, Michigan, USA
 * Calumet & Hecla Band

title: Hecla


text:
Raquel Castro

Raquel Castro (Born November 17, 1994) is an American actress and singer. She is known for starring in the 2004 film Jersey Girl as Gertie Trinké, the daughter of Ollie Trinké (Ben Affleck) and Gertrude Steiney (Jennifer Lopez), for which Castro won the Young Artist Award for the Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actress Age Ten or Younger. She was a contestant in the American version of The Voice.

Background
Castro's father is Puerto Rican, and her mother is of Italian and Jewish descent.

Acting
Castro made her acting debut in an episode of the television series, Third Watch. She then played the daughter of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez's characters in the 2004 film Jersey Girl, directed by Kevin Smith. She appeared in a 2005 episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit entitled "Alien" and in the independent film Little Fugitive. Castro appeared in two second-season episodes of Liv & Maddie ("BFF-A-Rooney" and "SPARF-A-Rooney") as Liv's friend South Salamanca.

In 2006, she was cast as Nicole in the music video for the Ludacris song "Runaway Love" with Mary J. Blige, where she plays an abused self-conscious girl who runs away. She later was featured in the 2007 independent film, Tracks of Color. She has a role in The Ministers (2009), starring John Leguizamo. Raquel also spent quite a few years at a dance studio with her younger brother on Long Island.

Singing
Castro was a contestant on the first season of the reality television singing competition program The Voice, She was selected in the Blind Audition round and was coached by Christina Aguilera. She progressed to the first round of the Live shows before being eliminated with Lily Elise in favor of Frenchie Davis and Beverly McClellan.

Castro recorded a cover of Aguilera's "Ain't No Other Man" and posted it on YouTube. Castro has also listed Christina Aguilera and Selena as her idols and major influences.

Castro released her first single titled "Diary". According to her YouTube page, the song was written by Alyssa Bonagura and Ted Bruner. It was produced by J Chris Griffin. It was released on iTunes and CDBaby on February 1, 2012. She has uploaded the music video for "Diary" on YouTube and recorded a dance remix of the song, released on March 11, 2012. The remix was released under the title "Diary (J Chris Griffin Remix)". She is also working on her debut album.

A single called "Game Over" was released on January 29, 2013. Castro wrote it with the help of the IDA Program.

In 2019, Castro provided vocals for the theme song to the Netflix Original Series Carmen Sandiego.

Castro was also on season 2 of NBC's Songland, where she presented her song "Wrong Places" to H.E.R., where she picked her song to put on her album.

title: Raquel Castro


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit/archive1

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
I renovated this page a while ago, adding lots of new background on the court's unique place in United States political discourse. We've also been rehabbing and templating all of the United States Court of Appeals pages. Please let me know what you think. --Saucy Intruder 09:37, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Too heavy on the tables and boxes. Get rid of bullets on the list in the lead. No references. Interesting article, though. Christopher Parham (talk) 17:02, 2005 July 11 (UTC)
 * Could use some examples of court decisions that are more then five to ten years old (I believe the Ninth was overturned in Miranda v. Arizona). I was also surprised that the well known nickname Ninth Circus was not mentioned in the Controversy section. --Allen3 talk 18:52, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * That might have been too heavy on the POV. But I definitely should add some additional controversial opinions as well as some older ones. --Saucy Intruder 20:22, 11 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:José Luis Chilavert

Comment
Ole 11-07-2005 Chilavert condemt to 6 months in pail. (Spanish) -Mariano 09:42, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Untitled
chilavert won 4 argentine championships with Velez: 93, 95, 96 and 98 --furgonero 03:52, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Expert needed
I've searched for his goals, but could find them nowhere. I added this tag due to there being no goals in the infobox. If anyone could locate his ammount of goals from a reliable source, please add it. —  j acĸrм  ( talk ) 15:34, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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Quotes section
Would it not be more reasonable to move the quotes to wikiquote and then refer the reader there? If not, the quotes could be more nicely formatted (I'd prefer a dd-style list in that case). Tobsan (talk) 14:04, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

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Gary Foley

Gary Edward Foley (born 1950) is an Aboriginal Australian activist of the Gumbaynggirr people, academic, writer and actor. He is best known for his role in establishing the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra in 1972 and for establishing an Aboriginal Legal Service in Redfern in the 1970s. He also co-wrote and acted in the first Indigenous Australian stage production, Basically Black.

Foley is Professor, Moondani Balluk Indigenous Academic Unit, at Victoria University.

Early years

Gary Edward Foley was born in 1950 in Grafton, New South Wales, of Gumbaynggirr descent, and spent much of his childhood in Nambucca Heads. He was expelled from school at the age of 15 and arrived in Redfern in aged 17 in around 1967. He worked as an apprentice draughtsman.

Activism and politics
Foley became involved in the "black power" movement active in Redfern soon after arrival. The movement was inspired by the American Black Panther Party.

Foley played an active role in organising protests against the Springboks in 1971 as a result of the Apartheid policies in South Africa. At one stage, Foley and fellow protester Billy Craigie were arrested for wearing Springbok jerseys outside the team motel in Bondi Junction with the police believing they had been stolen when they had been supplied by former Wallabies player Jim Boyce. As a result of the level of protests against the Springboks, an Australian tour by the South African cricket team later that year was cancelled and the two-decade exile of South African sporting teams commenced.

In 1972, Foley was appointed a public relations officer in the Department of Aboriginal Affairs. He was fired from the Department after just six weeks, after three warnings, and then secretary Barrie Dexter urged ASIO to spy on Foley.

Foley co-founded the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in 1972 outside Parliament House to highlight Aboriginal disadvantage. The Tent Embassy is still in place despite ongoing controversy and has been nominated for the heritage list. It helped raise the profile of Aboriginal issues prior to the election of the Whitlam government. He was also involved in the formation of the Aboriginal Legal Service in Redfern and the Aboriginal Medical Service in Melbourne and Sydney.

Foley set up the first Aboriginal Information Centre in London. On returning to Australia, he organised protests against the Brisbane Commonwealth Games held in 1982. In 1988, he organised Aboriginal protests against the Australian Bicentenary in 1988 before becoming a consultant to the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.

He ran as an independent candidate for the seat of Jagajaga at the 1993 federal election in protest against the closure of Northlands Secondary College.

During the 2018 Victorian state election, Foley endorsed the Victorian Socialists.

Foley opposed the voice during the 2023 Indigenous Voice Referendum.

Stage, film and TV
Foley co-wrote and appeared in Basically Black, the first Aboriginal stage production, in 1972. In 1978, he travelled to Europe as part of a group that took Aboriginal films to the Cannes Film Festival and then to other parts of the continent.

As an actor, Foley's film career includes starring in Philip Noyce's film Backroads (1977) and appearing in Dogs in Space. He also made guest appearances on television shows A Country Practice and The Flying Doctors.

He featured in various documentary series and films, such as "Fair Play" in 2010 (episode 4 of Have you Heard From Johannesburg: Stories From the Global Anti-Apartheid Movement 1948-1990); The Redfern Story (2014),  Person of Interest  (2014), an award-winning TV series on ASIO, and the 2002 film The Foundation, which tells of Koori history between 1963 and 1977 in Sydney.

Academic career
Foley completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Melbourne in 2000, with majors in History and Cultural Studies, before completing a first class honours degree in history in 2002.

In 2001, he was appointed senior curator at Museum Victoria, a position he held until 2005, when he became a lecturer in the Education Faculty of the University of Melbourne. In 2008 he was appointed senior lecturer in history and politics at Moondani Balluk centre at Victoria University.

Foley completed his doctorate at the University of Melbourne in 2013, for which he was awarded the Chancellor's Award for Excellence. He was at some time a senior lecturer at Swinburne University.

Foley works as a professor at Victoria University.

Foley participated in the Melbourne Free University project.

Other roles
Foley was the first Indigenous director of the Aboriginal Arts Board of the Australia Council between 1983 and 1986 and held other leadership positions in the Aboriginal community.

In 1994 he created the first Aboriginal-owned and -operated website, The Koori History Website, aka Kooriweb.

Awards
The Australia Council for the Arts is the arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia. Since 1993, it has awarded a Red Ochre Award. It is presented to an outstanding Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal Australian or Torres Strait Islander) artist for lifetime achievement.

 * 2015
 * Gary Foley
 * Red Ochre Award
 * Awarded
 * Awarded

Books

 * Foley, G.; Schaap, A.; and Howell, E. (eds.) (2014) The Aboriginal Tent Embassy: Sovereignty, Black Power, Land Rights and the State, Routledge: London UK.

 * Dexter, Barrie (2015) Pandora's Box: The Council for Aboriginal Affairs 1967-1976. Foley, G. and Howell, E. (eds) Keeaira Press: Southport QLD.

title: Gary Foley


text:
Harris Yulin

Harris Yulin (born November 5, 1937) is an American actor who has appeared in over a hundred film and television series roles, such as Scarface (1983), Ghostbusters II (1989), Clear and Present Danger (1994), Looking for Richard (1996), The Hurricane (1999), Training Day (2001), and Frasier which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in 1996.

Early life
Yulin was born on November 5, 1937, in Los Angeles, California. He was raised in a Jewish home.

Career
Yulin made his New York debut in 1963 in Next Time I'll Sing to You by James Saunders and continued to work frequently in theater throughout his career.

His Broadway debut came in the 1980s Watch on the Rhine. He returned to Broadway multiple times in productions of The Visit, The Diary of Anne Frank, The Price, and Hedda Gabler. In 2010, he played Willy Loman in Death of A Salesman at the Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland.

His first film role was his portrayal of Wyatt Earp in Doc (1971) starring Stacy Keach as Doc Holliday. He appeared in the Brian De Palma film Scarface (1983) as corrupt cop Mel Bernstein. In 1989, he played the role of Judge Stephen Wexler in Ghostbusters II. He portrayed a corrupt national security advisor in the 1994 Harrison Ford thriller Clear and Present Danger. In 1997, he played the role of George Grierson in Bean. He appeared as Leon Friedman, a lawyer of Rubin Carter, in the 1999 film, The Hurricane. In 2001, he portrayed Secret Service Agent Sterling in Rush Hour 2.

On television, Yulin appeared in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the episode "Duet". During the second season of the TV series 24, he played the Director of the National Security Agency, Roger Stanton. He was nominated for a 1996 Emmy for his portrayal of crime boss Jerome Belasco in the sitcom Frasier. In the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, he played Quentin Travers, head of the Watchers' Council. Yulin also appeared in Season 3 of Entourage in the episode "Return of the King" as studio head Arthur Gadoff. In 2009, he performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's A People's History of the United States. In 2010 he appeared in the AMC series Rubicon. In 2017 to 2018 he played in 12 episodes of Ozark.

Yulin won the Lucille Lortel Award for directing The Trip to Bountiful at the Signature Theatre in New York with Lois Smith.

Film critic Jim Emerson once quipped that Yulin "should be in every movie ever made".

Personal life
Yulin dated Faye Dunaway from 1971 to 1972. He was married to actress Gwen Welles until her death in 1993. His second marriage was to Kristen Lowman.

title: Harris Yulin


text:
Ricardo Pavoni

Ricardo Elvio Pavoni Cúneo (born August 8, 1943 in Montevideo) is a Uruguayan former football defender who played the majority of his career for Club Atlético Independiente in the Argentine First Division.

Club
Pavoni began his football career with the Montevidean club Defensor. Disillusioned with life as a footballer, he was on the point of abandoning the game completely and going to work in a casino as a croupier until he was convinced to play football for Independiente of Argentina. The left-sided full-back has been described as a natural leader and the perfect man-marker. He was also responsible for scoring 57 goals.

He arrived to Independiente at age 21 to replace Tomás Rolan, another Uruguayan who had suffered a serious injury. His first match for Independiente was on March 24, 1965, in a Copa Libertadores match. Independiente beat Boca Juniors by two goals to nil.

For twelve seasons (1965–1976) he was idolised by the Independiente fans. He was particularly remembered for his powering runs along the left wing, putting away free kicks with his left foot and for his frequent last-ditch efforts to clear the ball from the goal-line. He is considered by many to be the archetypal Uruguayan footballer.

Pavoni (affectionately known as "el Chivo") won many honours during his career, including the Argentine first division championships three times, the Copa Libertadores five times, the Copa Interamericana on three occasions and one Copa Intercontinental. He was also a member of the Uruguayan squad that took part in the World Cup of 1974, in West Germany. Since retirement, he has been involved with the club as a trainer with reserve and youth teams. He has also been caretaker manager of the first team on several occasions.

International
Pavoni played 13 times for the Uruguay national team between 1962 and 1974, scoring two goals. He was part of the Uruguay squad for the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Honours

 * Independiente
 * Argentine Primera División (3): Nacional 1967, Metropolitano 1970, Metropolitano 1971
 * Copa Libertadores (5): 1965, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975
 * Copa Interamericana (3): 1973, 1974, 1976
 * Intercontinental Cup (1): 1973

title: Ricardo Pavoni


text:
User:Tubantia

Hi, my name is Tubantia and I was born (January 6, 1983) in Hengelo, in the province of Overijssel in the Netherlands. I have been a member of the Wikipedia community since June 15, 2005 and I joined the English version June 23, 2005. At this moment I just finished my study medicine at Leiden University.

The name Tubantia refers to the region where I was born, i.e. Twente, although this name may actually be incorrect, as the Tubanti (or Tuihanti) may never have been to this area.

I'll be on the English Wikipedia especially to add InterWikis to the Wikipedia versions in other languages, but I hope to add some articles if possible.

af:Gebruiker:Tubantia als:Benutzer:Tubantia de:Benutzer:Tubantia el:Χρήστης:Tubantia es:Usuario:Tubantia fr:Utilisateur:Tubantia fy:Meidogger:Tubantia it:Utente:Tubantia la:Usor:Tubantia lb:User:Tubantia li:Gebroeker:Tubantia nl:Gebruiker:Tubantia nds:Bruker:Tubantia pt:Usuário:Tubantia sv:Användare:Tubantia

title: User:Tubantia


text: Category:Drink stubs

title: Category:Drink stubs


text:
User:Shrikantakolkar

shrikant akolkar

title: User:Shrikantakolkar


text:
Lovász local lemma

In probability theory, if a large number of events are all independent of one another and each has probability less than 1, then there is a positive (possibly small) probability that none of the events will occur. The Lovász local lemma allows one to relax the independence condition slightly: As long as the events are "mostly" independent from one another and aren't individually too likely, then there will still be a positive probability that none of them occurs. It is most commonly used in the probabilistic method, in particular to give existence proofs.

There are several different versions of the lemma. The simplest and most frequently used is the symmetric version given below. A weaker version was proved in 1975 by László Lovász and Paul Erdős in the article Problems and results on 3-chromatic hypergraphs and some related questions. For other versions, see. In 2020, Robin Moser and Gábor Tardos received the Gödel Prize for their algorithmic version of the Lovász Local Lemma, which uses entropy compression to provide an efficient randomized algorithm for finding an outcome in which none of the events occurs.

Statements of the lemma (symmetric version)
Let $$A_1, A_2,\dots, A_k$$ be a sequence of events such that each event occurs with probability at most p and such that each event is independent of all the other events except for at most d of them.

Lemma I (Lovász and Erdős 1973; published 1975) If
 * $$4 p d \le 1$$

then there is a nonzero probability that none of the events occurs.

Lemma II (Lovász 1977; published by Joel Spencer ) If
 * $$e p (d+1) \le 1,$$

where e = 2.718... is the base of natural logarithms, then there is a nonzero probability that none of the events occurs.

Lemma II today is usually referred to as "Lovász local lemma".

Lemma III (Shearer 1985 ) If
 * $$\begin{cases} p < \frac{(d-1)^{d-1}}{d^d} & d > 1\\ p < \tfrac{1}{2} & d = 1 \end{cases}$$

then there is a nonzero probability that none of the events occurs.

The threshold in Lemma III is optimal and it implies that the bound
 * $$ epd \le 1$$

is also sufficient.

Asymmetric Lovász local lemma
A statement of the asymmetric version (which allows for events with different probability bounds) is as follows:

Lemma (asymmetric version). Let $$ \mathcal{A} = \{ A_1, \ldots, A_n \}$$ be a finite set of events in the probability space Ω. For $$ A \in \mathcal{A} $$ let $$ \Gamma(A)$$ denote the neighbours of $$A$$ in the dependency graph (In the dependency graph, event $$A$$ is not adjacent to events which are mutually independent). If there exists an assignment of reals $$x : \mathcal{A} \to [0,1) $$ to the events such that

 * $$ \forall A \in \mathcal{A} : \Pr(A) \leq x(A) \prod_{B \in \Gamma(A)} (1-x(B)) $$

then the probability of avoiding all events in $$ \mathcal{A} $$ is positive, in particular

 * $$ \Pr\left(\overline{A_1} \wedge \cdots \wedge \overline{A_n} \right) \geq \prod_{i\in \{1,\cdot\cdot\cdot,n\}} (1-x(A_i)). $$

The symmetric version follows immediately from the asymmetric version by setting

 * $$ \forall A \in \mathcal{A} : x(A) = \frac{1}{d+1}$$

to get the sufficient condition

 * $$ p \leq \frac{1}{d+1} \cdot \frac{1}{e} $$

since

 * $$\frac{1}{e} \leq \left (1 - \frac{1}{d+1} \right)^d.$$

Constructive versus non-constructive
Note that, as is often the case with probabilistic arguments, this theorem is nonconstructive and gives no method of determining an explicit element of the probability space in which no event occurs. However, algorithmic versions of the local lemma with stronger preconditions are also known (Beck 1991; Czumaj and Scheideler 2000). More recently, a constructive version of the local lemma was given by Robin Moser and Gábor Tardos requiring no stronger preconditions.

Non-constructive proof
We prove the asymmetric version of the lemma, from which the symmetric version can be derived. By using the principle of mathematical induction we prove that for all $$A$$ in $$\mathcal{A}$$ and all subsets $$S$$ of $$\mathcal{A}$$ that do not include $$A$$, $$ \Pr\left(A\mid\bigwedge_{B \in S}\overline{B}\right)\leq x(A)$$. The induction here is applied on the size (cardinality) of the set $$ S $$. For base case $$S=\emptyset$$ the statement obviously holds since $$ \Pr(A_i) \leq x\left(A_i\right) $$. We need to show that the inequality holds for any subset of $$\mathcal{A} $$ of a certain cardinality given that it holds for all subsets of a lower cardinality.

Let $$S_1 = S\cap \Gamma(A), S_2 = S \setminus S_1$$. We have from Bayes' theorem

 * $$\Pr\left(A\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S} \overline{B}\right) = \frac{\Pr\left(A\wedge\bigwedge_{B\in S_{1}} \overline{B}\mid \bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B}\right)}{\Pr\left(\bigwedge_{B\in S_1}\overline{B}\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B} \right)}. $$

We bound the numerator and denominator of the above expression separately. For this, let $$ S_1=\{B_{j1},B_{j2},\ldots,B_{jl}\} $$. First, exploiting the fact that $$A$$ does not depend upon any event in $$ S_2 $$.

 * $$ \text{Numerator} \leq \Pr\left(A\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B}\right) = \Pr(A) \leq x(A) \prod_{B\in\Gamma(A)}(1-x(B)). \qquad (1) $$

Expanding the denominator by using Bayes' theorem and then using the inductive assumption, we get

\begin{align} & \text{Denominator} \\ = {} & \Pr\left(\overline{B}_{j1}\mid\bigwedge_{t=2}^l \overline{B}_{jt}\wedge\bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B} \right)\cdot \Pr\left(\overline{B}_{j2}\mid\bigwedge_{t=3}^l\overline{B}_{jt}\wedge\bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B} \right)\cdots \Pr\left(\overline{B}_{jl}\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S_2} \overline{B} \right) \geq \prod_{B\in S_1} (1-x(B)) \qquad (2) \end{align} $$

The inductive assumption can be applied here since each event is conditioned on lesser number of other events, i.e. on a subset of cardinality less than $$|S|$$. From (1) and (2), we get

 * $$ \Pr\left(A\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S} \overline{B}\right) \leq x(A)\prod_{B\in \Gamma(A)-S_1}(1-x(B)) \leq x(A) $$

Since the value of x is always in $$[0,1)$$. Note that we have essentially proved $$ \Pr\left(\overline{A}\mid\bigwedge_{B\in S} \overline{B}\right) \geq 1-x(A) $$. To get the desired probability, we write it in terms of conditional probabilities applying Bayes' theorem repeatedly. Hence,

\begin{align} & \Pr\left(\overline{A_1} \wedge \cdots \wedge \overline{A_n} \right) \\ = {} & \Pr\left(\overline{A_1}\mid\overline{A_{2}}\wedge \cdots \overline{A_n}\right)\cdot\Pr\left(\overline{A_2}\mid\overline{A_3}\wedge \cdots \overline{A_n}\right) \cdots \Pr\left(\overline{A_n}\right) \\ \geq {} & \prod_{A\in\mathcal{A}}(1-x(A)), \end{align} $$

which is what we had intended to prove.

Example
Suppose 11n points are placed around a circle and colored with n different colors in such a way that each color is applied to exactly 11 points. In any such coloring, there must be a set of n points containing one point of each color but not containing any pair of adjacent points.

To see this, imagine picking a point of each color randomly, with all points equally likely (i.e., having probability 1/11) to be chosen. The 11n different events we want to avoid correspond to the 11n pairs of adjacent points on the circle. For each pair our chance of picking both points in that pair is at most 1/121 (exactly 1/121 if the two points are of different colors, otherwise 0), so we will take p = 1/121.

Whether a given pair (a, b) of points is chosen depends only on what happens in the colors of a and b, and not at all on whether any other collection of points in the other n − 2 colors are chosen. This implies the event "a and b are both chosen" is dependent only on those pairs of adjacent points which share a color either with a or with b.

There are 11 points on the circle sharing a color with a (including a itself), each of which is involved with 2 pairs. This means there are 21 pairs other than (a, b) which include the same color as a, and the same holds true for b. The worst that can happen is that these two sets are disjoint, so we can take d = 42 in the lemma. This gives

 * $$ e p (d+1) \approx 0.966<1.$$

By the local lemma, there is a positive probability that none of the bad events occur, meaning that our set contains no pair of adjacent points. This implies that a set satisfying our conditions must exist.

title: Lovász local lemma


text:
Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology

Rayat Bahra Group of Institutions Patiala is private college affiliated to Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University,Bathinda, offering engineering courses at undergraduate and Post Graduate level, leading to B.Tech., M.Tech, and B.Pharmacy degrees. Also offers Law Study under the banner of Punjabi University Patiala campus.

Overview
Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology was established in 2001 and offers five B.Tech. Programmes in the areas of Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering. Subsequently, M.Tech. programmes in Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering and Mechanical Engineering were added, all affiliated to the Punjab Technical University. It occupies an area of 125 acre.

The RGI also houses a polytechnic college, leading to Diploma in engineering. In the campus B.Pharmacy program. College of Law, of education Table gives an account of various programmes being run by the Institute and their dates of introduction.

Location
The institute is situated at Village Bhedpura which is 15km from Patiala city on Patiala -Sangrur Highway.

Campus
The aesthetic environmentally friendly campus extends over 125 acre, close to the Patiala City. The campus is divided into zones for hostels, Main College Buildings, Administration Block, Residential Complex, etc.

Campus of Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology is regarded as largest among the Privately funded Engineering Colleges in North India.

Admissions

 * Admissions to Bachelor of Engineering courses are made through the:
 * Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (for students who belongs to Punjab through MRSPTU Central Counseling). Candidates admitted through this counseling get some advantages.
 * based on Joint Entrance Examination (Main) Score (conducted by All India Engineering Entrance Examination)
 * Also available to other states or internationally.
 * reservation of seats for the students of other states to be admitted through Joint Entrance Examination (Main)
 * NRI students can expect best of attention to them, because of group's experiences and connections

Academics

 * Bachelor of Engineering courses (four years):
 * Computer Science and Engineering
 * Electrical Engineering
 * Electronics and Communication Engineering
 * Information Technology
 * Mechanical Engineering
 * Master of Engineering courses (two years):
 * Computer Science and Engineering
 * Electronics and Communication Engineering
 * Mechanical Engineering
 * Other departments
 * LAW
 * B.Pharmacy

Department of Career Development and Placements
The Training and Placement Department is staffed with full-time placement professionals. RIEIT support students an employment placement service though success for positions is dictated by merit. Past performance, and successes prommptfor the continued expectation of a good future.

Minerva
Minerva is a national level annual cultural and technical symposium organized by students of the Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology. Considered to be one of the biggest college festivals of North India, it attracts many students from colleges across north India. Events include quizzes, workshops, game shows, informal events, fashion show, dance show and rock night.

Alumni Association
Rayat Old Student Association is a non profit, non political organization of former graduates and former faculty members (hereafter collectively referred to as the Alumni) of RIEIT, Ropar campus.


text: Template:Drink-stub

title: Template:Drink-stub


text:
User talk:Qbytes

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks, --Atratus 09:30, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Qbytes


text: Talk:Cillian Murphy

title: Talk:Cillian Murphy


text:
List of Croatian-language poets

Below is a list of poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in Croatian.

A

 * Borislav Arapović (born 1935)

B

 * Lidija Bajuk (born 1965)
 * Juraj Baraković (1548–1628)
 * Milan Begović (1876–1948)
 * Ivan Belostenec (1593/1594–1675)
 * Mirko Bogović (1816–1893)
 * Tituš Brezovački (1757–1805)
 * Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938)
 * Ivan Bunić Vučić (1591/1592–1658)

C

 * Dobriša Cesarić (1902–1980)
 * Ilija Crijević (1463–1520)

D

 * Arsen Dedić (1938–2015)
 * Mak Dizdar (1917–1971)
 * Dragutin Domjanić (1875–1933)
 * Džore Držić (1461–1501)
 * Marin Držić (1508–1567)

G

 * Drago Gervais (1904–1957)
 * Stanka Gjurić (Born 1956)
 * Vladimir Gotovac (1930–2000)
 * Ivan Gundulić (1589–1638)

H

 * August Harambašić (1861–1911)
 * Petar Hektorović (1487–1572)

J

 * Dragojla Jarnević (1812–1875)
 * Ivan Franjo Jukić (1818–1857)

K

 * Petar Kanavelić (1637–1719)
 * Brne Karnarutić (1515–1573)
 * Jure Kaštelan (1919–1990)
 * Jerolim Kavanjin (1641–1714)
 * Ivan Goran Kovačić (1913–1943)
 * Ivo Kozarčanin (1911–1941)
 * Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981)
 * Rajmund Kupareo (1914–1996)

M

 * Marko Marulić (1450–1524)
 * Antun Gustav Matoš (1873–1914)
 * Šiško Menčetić (1457–1527)
 * Andrija Kačić Miošić (1704–1760)

N

 * Vladimir Nazor (1876–1949)
 * Vjenceslav Novak (1859–1905)

O

 * Ilija Okrugić (1827–1897)

P

 * Vesna Parun (1922–2010)

S

 * Sonja Smolec (born 1953)
 * Đuro Sudeta (1903–1927)

Š

 * Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić (1724–1787)
 * Antun Branko Šimić (1898–1925)
 * Antun Šoljan (1932–1993)
 * Dragutin Tadijanović (1905–2007)

U

 * Tin Ujević (1891–1955)

V

 * Viktor Vida (1913–1960)
 * Vladimir Vidrić (1875–1909)

W

 * Ljubo Wiesner (1885–1951)

title: List of Croatian-language poets


text:
Talk:Orifice plate

Something seems wrong
The derivation of the orifice equation doesn't seem right somehow. I'll be back after I've had a chance to research it. Meanwhile, I cleaned up the math equations quite a bit (without changing them) and did some other very minor fixes in the text body of the article. - mbeychok 02:42, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * This comment is nearly six years old and pertains to the version here:
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orifice_plate&oldid=50986192
 * I suggest further discussion be placed in a new thread. - Ac44ck (talk) 06:08, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes I noticed that as well. Can't do any substantial cleanup while at work, but if someone could go through that would be appeciated.  The left side of the equation remains unchanged, but the right side is modified by introducing non-unity factors such as Cd. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.73.96.170 (talk) 14:02, 3 January 2007 (UTC).

After the sentence "Introducing the beta factor (...) as well as the coefficient of discharge Cd.", the equation's right side has been multiplied with the factor Cd, but not the left side. As I understand arithmetic, this step better be reviewed. 145.253.165.178 (talk) 08:56, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

Formula (1) cannot be right. beta is d2/d1, thus if the orifice is significantly smaller than the pipe than beta << 1, beta^4 will then be even smaller and 1 minus a-ver-small-number is just one. In other words, the smaller the orifice is (compared to the pipe) the less of an influence it has on the gas flow!--12.176.38.188 (talk) 23:26, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Note that the flow is based on A2, which gets smaller as d2 gets smaller. At small values of d2, the available flow area is much more important than the ratio of the diameters. I don't see that there is a problem at small values of beta. - Ac44ck (talk) 08:37, 28 January 2012 (UTC)

In looking further at this section, two other problems seem to be:
 * 1) The introductory paragraph says the derivation is for laminar flow. This is not a requirement for the application of Bernoulli's equation.
 * 2) P2 is said to be the "fluid downstream pressure." But in this application of Bernoulli's equation, P2 appears to be the fluid pressure in the plane of the orifice.

The orifice plate formula in this article is an adaptation of the formula for a Venturi meter, where a pressure tap does exist in a plane of maximum fluid velocity. The formula below the line "Solving for Q:" in this article is the same as the last formula in this section: Venturi effect. - Ac44ck (talk) 01:07, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Q: The derivation has to be wrong as Bernoulli requires all values to be at the same location, so you can't use the orifice area and then take the downstream pressure. In fact, if it is no viscosity then there is no net pressure drop. As others have mentioned, this is the formula for a venture, which is something else entirely. 204.85.24.5 (talk) 16:31, 22 May 2014 (UTC)Engineering faculty

Complete re-write and expansion
I have just completed re-writing this article and I believe it now a better article. I still intend to add a section on gas flows through orifices in the next few days. - mbeychok 22:53, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks very good, Mbeychok. I just have one suggestion, to shorten the lead section per WP:LAYOUT.  The equations would probably work better in their own section. Coming into the article cold, I'm used to a general lead section with details in later sections. Spalding 03:20, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Done. Thanks for the suggestion. - mbeychok 04:25, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Losses in orifice plate
Thank you for your useful article on the pressure drop across an orifice plate. It would be useful if you could add a section on the losses that occur across the orifice plate. It is frequently necessary to know the losses in a system and in some instances - such as in the outlet to a variable declining rate water filter - an orifice plate is used to increase the losses to prevent excessive flow. 217.15.119.158 13:40, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I don't understand your question, but Equation 2 in the article relates the mass flow to the pressure drop (P1 - P2) across the orifice for a liquid. By a simple re-arrangement of that equation, you could easily solve for the pressure drop, which is the pressure loss across the orifice, is it not? - mbeychok 19:28, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your response. The pressure change in Formula 2 is due to the change in velocity in the orifice arising from the the Bernouilli Equation. If you measure the pressure downstream of the vena contracta the pressure will recover but not to the same value as the upstream pressure because of energy losses in the device. It is these losses that I would like to be able to quantify. 217.15.119.158 11:26, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I apologise for mis-understanding your question. I don't have one at hand, but any good textbook on fluid dynamics or fluid flow should have that information for you. - mbeychok 16:57, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Reason for deleting external link added by Loughmsa
These are the reasons why I deleted the external link to a "Simple orifice flow calculation":

 * The equation in that link is only good for air and only for one specific air density (which means only for one specific temperature and pressure).

 * It is only good for the use of USA customary units, and we are now pretty much the only nation still using those units. The Wikipedia has a very large non-USA readership.

Basically, the linked calculation method was too limited and too simple for an article that is intended to explain orifice flow equations for use with any gas or any liquid. - mbeychok 01:46, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

external link not working
Flow through a sharp-edged orifice external link is not working please remove the same if it does not work for more. 59.180.94.55 10:49, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I fixed that link and it now works. It requires that Shockwave be installed and it did that automatically ... for me at least. - mbeychok 17:05, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Calculation of coefficient of discharge from Reynolds' number?
The article says that the coefficient of discharge can be calculated from the Reynolds' number (source given is Perry). If someone knows how to calculate it, or has a copy of Perry to hand, I would be very grateful if they would add this information to the article (I have googled extensively in vain). Cheers, 84.12.252.210 15:49, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Orifice pressure for viscous fluids
If anyone would like to fill in orifice pressures for viscous fluids... after all, most of them are, and it becomes pretty important at small radii... Would be really nice!!! Cheers Michi zh 17:49, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Measures vs. allows measurement
What distinction was the object of the last edit (09:16, 8 October 2007)?

The previous version says that an orifice plate "measures the rate". It was changed to say that it "allows the measurement of the rate".

It raises the question: If the orifice plate only _allows_ the measurement to be made, then what actually _does_ the measuring?

It also raises the question: _How_ does it _allow_ the measurement?

Perhaps the point is that only people can measure? Or perhaps that a connected differential pressure meter does a measurement which is ultimately interpreted as a flow rate?

Maybe the point is that the orifice plate is but one component in a total system which reports a flow rate.

The revised form is wordier. Maybe it is necessary to expand the reader's vision beyond this one component.

To be consistent, the next sentence would seem to need tweaking as well: "It uses ... Bernoulli's principle". Actually, the orifice plate itself doesn't do this -- a person interpreting a delta_P reading might Bernoulli's principle. More likely, they would use a precalculated chart.

Perhaps too much precision in language ultimately obscures the message by building a haystack around the needle?

I'm not suggesting undoing the last edit. I'm just trying to understand why the wording was changed and to explore how much anthropomorphizing is appropriate in technical writing. -- Ac44ck 16:01, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with you. So I changed the wording again to avoid the excessive precision in the language. - mbeychok 17:31, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Re: edit at 01:09, 19 June 2008 by Gastester — "a device that is used to measure" seemed clear enough to me. One might say that a magnifying glass can be used to "facilitate measuring" of distances, but a yard stick still qualifies as a "a device that is used to measure" distances. -Ac44ck (talk) 07:37, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Redundancy is in the eye of the beholder
Good catch, mbeychok, on the squaring of the Cd term in the formula for permanent pressure drop.

As to whether the last equality is "needed", I would argue:

First:
 * It could be handy to have an alternate, equivalent form readily available when a deadline is looming.

 * The cost of having this additional information available is practically zero. The cost of botching a hurried transformation of the equation (by overlooking the need to square a factor) may more significant.

 * That is why I rearranged the pressure drop equation when I created this section of the article: to have the equivalent form readily available.  Unhappily, I overlooked the need to square a factor when doing so -- and the mistake survived for months in a document which is subject to public scrutiny.

Second:
 * (Q/A1) = V1 = constant regardless of bore diameter if the flow rate and pipe size are known.

 * (Q/A2) = V2 varies with bore diameter and is generally of less interest to me.

 * I like to be able to see formulae which are more directly related to V1, as the last equality is.

Third:
 * The last equality can be handy in situations where the bore diameter is to be determined based on the desired pressure drop, known pipe size and flow rate.

 * Using the last equality, one can iterate for beta without caring about or having to keep track of a tentative bore diameter during the process.

--Ac44ck 22:07, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Ac44ck, I would very much like to respond to your above comment ... but I must leave in a minute for a very important meeting. Please bear with me and I will respond when I return in about 4-5 hours. Thanks and best regards, - mbeychok 22:40, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Ac44ck, thanks for waiting. I could easily check your first equality and find it to be correct except for the lack of squaring the Cd term.

 * However,I could not do the same with the second equality. Not only did it have the same lack of squaring the Cd term, I simply don't see how that second equality of yours ended up with a $$\beta^4$$ in the denominator. That made me worry enough to ask myself, do we we really need it?

 * If you would correct the Cd squared errors in both equalities as well as explain to me how $$\beta^4$$ ended up in the denominator of the second equality, then I would have no objection retaining your second equality. Again, best regards. - mbeychok 03:15, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * mbeychok, thanks for the further reply after your long meeting.

 * The transformation seemed a bit tricky to me. Perhaps it wouldn't have been so tricky (mumble) years ago in college, but transforming equations isn't something that I do every day now and I didn't want to lose the effort under a pile of papers. So I added the second equality to the article -- where someone else is doing the archiving, etc.

 * The denominator of the first equality contains the factor A22.

 * The square-root of that factor can be rewritten as follows:
 * A2 = A1 * (A2 / A1) = A1 * (d2 / d1)2

 * But: $$\beta$$ = d2 / d1

 * So: A2 = A1 * $$\beta$$2

 * And:
 * A22 = A12 * $$\beta$$4

 * So the transformation to the second equality replaces A22 in the denominator with A12 * $$\beta$$4.

 * I considered dividing through by $$\beta$$4 -- changing the factor in the numerator to (1/$$\beta$$4 - 1) -- so there would be only one instance of $$\beta$$ in the second equality. I might write it that way in a spreadsheet formula, but it seemed better to avoid stacking fractions in the printable form.

 * Thanks for finding that the Cd factor wasn't squared.
 * Best regards --Ac44ck 04:56, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I am happy that we were able to settle this amicably. In an earlier response you said ... and the mistake survived for months in a document which is subject to public scrutiny. I assume that you have now corrected that document as well. Again, with best regards, Milt Beychok. -- mbeychok 05:16, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

formulae expansion factor
The formulae, stated for the expansion factor is used with nozzles and venturis, according to perry's handbook. The formulae for Y for orifices is different :

Y = 1 - [(1-r)/k](0.41+0.35Beta^4)

Comment plz. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.73.116.62 (talk) 10:08, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

I found the same mistake in the formula. The two formula gives quite different results. Using the current formula Y=0.20 and using the above formula, Y=0.71. Pls correct the formula in the article —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.199.60.145 (talk) 04:58, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

This is the eqn that is currently on the page (11/14/13): Y = 1 - [(1-r)/k](0.41+0.35Beta^4). Can someone verify if this is correct? Did the above two comments get addressed?Ad000000 (talk) 17:30, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

Possible expansion
I could expand this article in a few areas:

- Standards: ISO-5167 and AGA-3 - Equations from the above (copyright?) - More detailed diagram showing streamlines and pressure distribution - Deflection of orifice plates - Construction of pressure tappings (flange, corner, d and d/2) - Use of orifices for high-accuracy applications (no, honest!) - Construction of orifice plates

Some or all of this may be considered more detail than necessary! Any opinions? Mike.seabrook (talk) 16:38, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

 * A supplementary diagram could be interesting. I don't know that I would replace the existing one, as it seems to provide enough detail to apply the formulae. I am reminded of CAD templates from manufacturers. They often provide a single template, which shows more detail than necessary on a floor plan. But that level of detail, and more, may be wanted in a maintenance manual.

 * The existing lead image seems adequate to me, though I am surprised to find that no higher resolution is available by clicking on the image. A diagram showing streamlines and pressure distribution would be helpful in a section of the article which touches on those topics. -Ac44ck (talk) 19:11, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Mike, when I created this article, it was my intent to present the derivations and final equations for predicting the flow through orifice. It was not my intent to get into the detail that an orifice manufacturer or a maintenance manual might provide. I have no objection to adding some additional material as long as it doesn't get into so much detail the main thrust of the article is lost. Regards, mbeychok (talk) 23:36, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Non-choked flow equation
Is the applicability of the non-choked flow equation to real gases overstated somewhat?

Equation 2 seems to be exact for real gases.

The text beneath the "Flow of gases through an orifice" heading mentions that the first equation for Y is for ideal gases. Equation 3 is an approximation of Y for usual values of $$\beta$$.

As equation 4 seems to rely on equation 3, wouldn't equation 4 be for an ideal gas?

Equation 5 restores some reality to the situation by introducing the compressibility factor, but I'm not sure that it eradicates the approximation of ideal gas behavior in equation 3. -Ac44ck (talk) 22:52, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Middle dots to separate units
I find that the removal of middle dots to satisfy an unreferenced "SI convention" creates ambiguity in the text.

Removal of the middle dots is contrary to MOS:NUM:
 * When units are combined by multiplication, use a middle dot (·) to separate the symbols. For example ms is the symbol for a millisecond, while m·s is a metre-second.

The change from "kg/(m ·s²)" to "kg/(ms²)" raises the question: "Is that kilograms per millisecond squared?" Perhaps it should be "obvious", but it may not be.

The discussion here http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/symbol.html also suggests using a dot and says "symbols should not be placed next to one another with nothing between them." -Ac44ck (talk) 19:28, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Clarify Picture and Equations
The picture in top right corner may mislead readers. Text states that P2 is the downstream pressure, however, it might be clearer to say P2 is the pressure at the orifice diameter or at the vena contracta. Or did you mean to say something else? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.89.118.226 (talk) 21:23, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The picture doesn't show P2. I don't understand how the picture is misleading concerning P2.
 * The pressure at the orifice diameter exceeds the downstream pressure in sonic flow.
 * It seems to me that neither the picture nor the text need fixing regarding P2 -- except the mis-statement about it being the pressure "in the orifice hole" beneath equation 6, which I will now fix. - Ac44ck (talk) 02:25, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Gas massflow calculation in error
The calculated massflow for a given orifice and given pressure drop is about a factor 4 too small. This statement is based on : - reality check with real orifices in real applications where the flow is measured by calibrated flow transmitters (error approx 1%). - comparison with the results by CONVAL ver 8.0 (engineering software package).

168.88.70.34 (talk) 12:17, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

I checked out one of the references for the equation "Flow of gases through an orifice", from Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook 8th ed, you can get a preview of the necessary page (pp996) on Amazon.com. That equation (10-22) mentions "g" (the graviational acceleration constant) inside the square root. Could this be contributing to the discrepancy? --RedHotIceCube (talk) 17:13, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Where should Cd be introduced
This is a useful derivation to have in the Wiki, and it is mathematically correct. However, I find it conceptually unclear where Cd is introduced without explanation. It simply adjusts the flow term. This is done after the continuity equation is utilized, so a reader might conclude that the mass balance has to be adjusted using Cd. in fact, the mass balance cannot be violated. Cd accounts for frictional losses in the original energy balance. It would be better, therefore, to introduce it in the energy balance. I would suggest that, after the first equation is presented with "negligible friction losses" that it then be presented with the final term multiplied by 1/Cd^2 to include the friction loss. Carrying this term through will then give the 7th current equation where Cd is introduced in the present version. I am new to this and do not know how to edit the entry itself, so I'm only participating with a talk entry. Skdentel (talk) 14:23, 22 September 2011 (UTC)Steve Dentel

Is practice different from theory?
Here is an equation for volumetric flow calculation for an orifice plate flow meter found in an app note of an instrumentation manufacturer emerson. I think it is intended for use with various grades of natural gas.

Qv = 218.527*Cd*Ev*Y1*(d^2)*[Tb/Pb]*[(Pf1*Zb*hw)/(Gr*Zf1*Tf)]^0.5

Where

Cd = Orifice plate coefficient of discharge

d = Orifice plate bore diameter calculated at flowing temperature (Tf) - in.

Gr = Real gas relative density (specify gravity)

hw = Orifice differential pressure in inches of water at 60 degF

Ev = Velocity of approach factor

Pb = Base pressure - psia

Pf1 = Flowing pressure (upstream tap - psia

Qv = Standard volume flow rate - SCF/hr.

Tb = Base temperature - degR

Tf = Flowing temperature - degR

Y1 = Expansion factor (downstream tap)

Zb = Compressibility at base conditions (Pb,Tb)

Zf1 = Compressibility (upstream flowing conditions - Pf1, Tf)

It seems to be saying that the volumetric flow rate Qv is proportion to the square root of the differential pressure (hw) multiplied by some other factors. It does not seem to be evenly remotely equivalent to the equation given in the article. (Why don't they ennumerate the equations in Wikipedia articles?) Why is there so much discrepancy? (Entropy7 (talk) 23:32, 17 January 2012 (UTC))

Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook by Richard Miller I think is considered by many people to be more authoritative than Perry on the the subject of orifice plate flowmeters. Perhaps it would help to make this book the principle reference of the article.(Entropy7 (talk) 16:57, 20 January 2012 (UTC))

Closed: Equation 8 not correct?
Equation 8, and the previous equations from which it was derived, do not seem correct. Looking at the expression within the square brackets inside the square root, as P1 becomes larger, the value of the square bracket decreases. This gives a lower volume flow rate. It is self evident that increasing upstream pressure must also increase volume flow rate through the oriface plate. In some of the related equations it will be an increase in mass flow rate.

Another problem with Equation 8: In the nomenclature M is described as Molecular Mass (also known as molecular weight). However, the units shown are for Molar Mass, not Molecular Mass and I suspect that Molar Mass is correct.

Bicyclehub (talk) 22:02, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

Closed: Equation 8: Correct!
Having checked Equation 8 by using another method, it seems that it is in fact correct. The volume flow rate does increase at first, but then starts to reduce when p1 is approx. 100000Pa greater than p2 (in my equipment at least). This is counter intuitive. If you pull a tack out of a bicycle tyre you would expect more air to issue when the tyre is harder. The velocity at exit, on the other hand, does continue to increase as p1 increases. This is (I guess)why blowing harder on a trumpet makes a louder sound. And why a bicycle tyre hisses more noisily in the early stages of deflating.

Bicyclehub (talk) 08:25, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Hard to fathom step in compressible flow derivation
What's going on here in the compressible flow section? It isn't clear at all. How has equation 4 been substituted into equation 3 to get the next line? The result looks OK, but it appears like the last equation has actually been derived by another route to that claimed in the surrounding text(in the bottom line, where has the Karman constant and beta gone from equation 4?)

$$(3)\qquad \dot{m} = \rho_1\;Q = C\;Y\;A_2\;\sqrt{2\;\rho_1\;(P_1-P_2)}$$

$$(4)\qquad Y =\;1-\bigg(\frac{1-r}{k}\bigg)\bigg(0.41+0.35\beta^4\bigg)$$

$$\dot{m} = C\;A_2\;\sqrt{2\;\rho_1\;\bigg (\frac{k}{k-1}\bigg)\bigg[\frac{(P_2/P_1)^{2/k}-(P_2/P_1)^{(k+1)/k}}{1-P_2/P_1}\bigg](P_1-P_2)}$$

JBel (talk) 07:29, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Quite right. (4) is the empirical formula for Y, also found in ISO standards as ϵ (epsilon), for thin-edge orifice plates used for flow measurements with β in the range 0.2 to 0.75. The following formulae are for flow through orifices with smaller β and are not generally used for flow measurement. I'll try to make it less misleading but I may not succeed in making it clear. NebY (talk) 11:43, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Flow coefficient error?
The article says the discharge coefficient Cd should be modified by the "velocity approach factor sqrt(1-beta^4), producing the "flow coefficient" C. The reference for this (1)no longer leads anywhere, and should be removed.  Someone's lecture notes may be a dubious reference anyway! In section 6.2 of this fluid mechanics tutorial: http://www.freestudy.co.uk/fluid%20mechanics/t9203.pdf it shows an equation to account for the same inlet velocity phenomena, however if you dissect it a small bit you find that the above correction factor is actually sqrt[1-beta^4*(p2/p1)^2/k].    This is not insignificant in the result.  If this is true, the page should be corrected, and and new reference added. Ad000000 (talk) 17:28, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree that theoretical section seems to have been corrupted and could benefit from close analysis and rewriting. For various reasons, I'm more keen to bring the practical section up to scratch, leading up to the handful of equations normally featured in standards and practical handbooks. So if someone else would like to tackle the theory section.... NebY (talk) 18:41, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

Closed: Value and units for Universal Gas Constant R
Pertaining to Equations 6 asnd 8, should the value and units for R be 8314.5 J/kmol-K?184.71.62.254 (talk) 14:52, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

 * It could be. But why prefer a bigger number with a bigger unit? - Ac44ck (talk) 04:41, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

 * No, that would not be compatible with the other SI units. If your density calculations are out by a factor of a thousand, then I suggest checking that you are using the molar mass in kg/mol. Many handbooks provide the molecular weight instead, which must be multiplied by the appropriate molar mass constant of 0.001 kg/mol to give the molar mass in kg/mol. NebY (talk) 09:40, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

 * OK now I see the units of M are in kg/mol. I am so used to seeing them in g/mol or kg/kmol that I overlooked that. My error.  Apologies.184.71.62.254 (talk) 14:46, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

Closed: Beta /B4 Factor
There is no explanation nor any links to other articles on what this is, nor how to calculate it, or even what it means. The equations and most of the article are very dependent on this variable but there is absolutely no explanation of where b4 comes from except "set it to a value between .2 and .6". That's not very helpful or explanatory. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.172.66.86 (talk) 14:48, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Beta is explained Michi zh (talk) 14:27, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

Closed: Equation 2 seems incorrect density should be on denominator?
oops sorry my mistake I posted to the working page — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.97.93.222 (talk) 21:38, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

 * The second equation concerns mass flow, which is higher - in a given orifice at a given differential pressure and so forth - for denser fluids. You may be thinking of volume flow; apply the preceding equation and you'll see that the volume is indeed lower with denser fluids, as you'd expect. NebY (talk) 21:41, 9 August 2015 (UTC)

References not working
Reference 13 and 17 not working. Please check. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.99.242.131 (talk) 01:35, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

Shouldnt a much more simple formula be added?
I came here trying to figure out about how much pressure drop I'd get across a small orifice at a given flow rate. The formula, to a precision of 1% is way shorter than one line. What's currently on here is really not very useful to me, and I think I'm not alone by far. I'll be adding a more simple formula for the special case of non-turbulent flow though an orifice which is smaller than 1/10th of the pipe, to a precision of about a few percent. Now my question is: Where should it go to? My suggestion is after the "pipe" section, and adding an "exact" to the title of the Computation section. Michi zh (talk) 14:56, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

OK now I think I understand more (0. Viscosity effects are negligible for gases, hence not part of the formula.)

1. The "Computation" section is a description of the ISO standard to compute this, precisely but elaborately.

2. The "Theory" section culminates in what I was looking for.

3. The symbols used in "Theory" and "Computation" are different.

My suggestions are as follows:

1. Description part: Add the "compressible flow" formula in "description" section, including commentary of the variables, i.e. that C is usually between 0.6 and 0.9ish.

2. Structure: Making "Computation" a separate section, hirarchically the same as "Application" and "Theory". Adding subsections for the different variables, and linking them in the "description" section, and calling it "Computation according to ISO 5167" to clarify the difference between theory and computation.

3. Aligning the differences in notation between "Computation" and "Theory".

I've gond and copy-pasted the article into my Sandbox and made these changes, which I've also submitted for review there like it were a new article. I hope this is not too far off wikipedia's best practice.Michi zh (talk) 18:53, 7 February 2017 (UTC)

Update: I've now transferred the changes into the article. Subchanges can still be traced in my Sandbox.Michi zh (talk) 09:52, 8 February 2017 (UTC)

Apliccability of compressible flow formulas.
Doing the math for a restrictor plate (30 micron hole in a 6mm tube), pulling 100mbars vacuum against atmospheric, the two formulas for compressible flow give different results by a factor of 3. If someone would pinpoint me to why this is (I'm guessing that its due to the limits of applicability for the ISO method, which is used to calculate epsilon and that the version without epsilon is correct for my case), I'd gladly do the research and detail it in the article. Michi zh (talk) 09:50, 8 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Mistake in Theory - Incompressible flow
It starts from: $$p_1 - p_2 = \frac{1}{2}\cdot\rho\cdot V_2^2 - \frac{1}{2}\cdot\rho\cdot V_1^2 $$ and $$q_v = A_1\cdot V_1 = A_2\cdot V_2$$ but $$p_1$$ and $$p_2$$ stand for the pressure at a distance from the orifice. And so should $$V_1, V_2, A_1$$and $$A_2$$. Subscript 1 and 2 should each stand for a specific location. Yet $$A_2$$ is the section of the opening. BartYgor (talk) 08:14, 21 February 2018 (UTC)

False statement about absolute pressure ~ flow
The following sentence can not be correct. Neither the absolute pressure nor temperature have any relevance regarding flow. There might be no flow at all but still a high absolute pressure and/or temperature. It has to be a pressure differential across the orifice. Hence I remove this:

 * "Even compressible flows of gases that vary in pressure and temperature may be measured with acceptable uncertainty by merely taking the square roots of the absolute pressure and/or temperature, depending on the purpose of the measurement and the costs of ancillary instrumentation." --Eheran (talk) 06:52, 16 July 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes, measuring temperature and pressure's often a good substitute for measuring density, but you still need the pressure differential. 92.19.24.47 (talk) 13:00, 12 October 2019 (UTC)

Swedish version of the article
Noticed there's a swedish language article about the same thing which isn't linked in the "lanugages" part. I don't know how to link the different lanugage articles together so thought someone else on here might help.

The swedish article can be found here https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strypfl%C3%A4ns Not sure why they aren't connected already

Dux Ducis Hodiernus (talk) 13:40, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Orifice plate


text:
Smart Telecom

Smart Telecom (AIM:SMR) was an Irish telecom operator that started as a phone card seller. It was also the third largest provider of cost-sensitive telecom services sector in Ireland, behind the incumbent operators eircom and BT Ireland. It had an estimated 50,000 land-line customers and 18,000 broadband subscribers.

Smart operated several services:
 * Point-to-Point, Transparent LAN Services and Telephony services across a Resilient Packet Ring backbone
 * Payphones (to 2006)
 * Broadband Internet Access
 * FTTH/IPTV services
 * Point-to-point Licensed Microwave radio links

Backbone services were available to users in parts of Dublin, Cork, Dundalk, Limerick, Letterkenny, Galway, Sligo, Waterford, Wexford, Portlaoise, Mullingar, Carlow, Cavan, Drogheda, Killarney, Tralee and Clonmel.

Broadband service
At the end of Quarter 1, 2006 there were 322,000 broadband subscribers in Ireland, 35% of internet subscription. Broadband accounted for 19% of all internet subscriptions.

History
Smart was also a bidder for the Irish mobile operator Meteor following the decision of its parent company to sell all international mobile operators; however on 21 July 2005 it was announced Smart Telecom had withdrawn, leaving the company to be bought by eir, the largest telecoms operator in Ireland, and owner of the local loop throughout the entire country.

On 16 November 2005 Smart Mobile was offered the country's fourth 3G mobile phone network licence. Vodafone Ireland, O2 Ireland and 3 Ireland already had secured a 3G mobile phone network licence. Acceptance of the licence would have required Smart Mobile to launch its services by 30 April 2007, with 33 percent demographic coverage by 31 October 2009 and 53 percent coverage by 2011.

The 3G spectrum access fee was set at €114.3 million, with an annual spectrum fee of €2.2 million and an administrative fee of up to €300,000 a year. Taking on a 3G licence would have required substantial capital investment by Smart.

On 9 November 2005 Smart Telecom announced that it had raised €55.2 million in new funding. This involved a placing of new ordinary shares at a price of €0.20 per share and a debt equity conversion of €10.8 million.

But this licence was withdrawn in February 2006 by Comreg due to a failure by Smart to provide a €100 million performance guarantee bond in a form acceptable to it within the specified deadline. There was a significant drop in the companies share price subsequently. Smart appealed the decision.

Smart Holdings Ltd lost a bid to sponsor the weather forecast on RTÉ to Glanbia on 7 April 2006. The High Court ruled that its referential bid – based on a formula equivalent to the highest bid received +5% was not valid, because RTÉ terms of offer did not permit this.

e-Nvi takeover and MPEG-4 headend
In September 2007, Smart announced their takeover of e-Nvi, a Dublin-based Triple play provider. It also announced that it was investing in an MPEG-4 head end for its own Triple play service; the vendor was confirmed as Thomson.net in October 2007.

Problems in 2006
Having head-hunted 49 managers from eir to promote and market broadband door-to-door, some up to five months earlier, the Chief executive of Smart Telecom, Oisin Fanning fired 26 of them abruptly on 31 August 2006. This took place in the context of unmet sales targets of 64,000 sign-ups, aggravated by Smart being unable to get its equipment into many Eir exchanges which meant that Smart had no product to sell in many parts of Ireland.

Smart Telecom (SMR.L) shares traded at 9c in early September 2006, less than two-thirds of their flotation price. Sales for 2006 reached €60 million – up from €45 million in 2005. However losses of €23 million in 2005 were eclipsed by losses of €35 million in 2006.

Later prospects were defined by the achievement of substantial growth in broadband sales volume and eliminating losses, heralded promises which stakeholders, including Seán Quinn, were waiting patiently to emerge.

Chief executive resigns
Oisin Fanning, chief executive resigned from this position on 9 September 2006 on health grounds. Further senior resignations also took place. The acting chief executive, Ciaran Casey, then carried out an in-depth financial review of the company as a further investment of €30 million was sought.

The chairman of the company, Raymond Kings, stated that Brendan Murtagh, the largest shareholder in the company would continue to provide short-term working capital while longer term funding options were being investigated.

Divesting non-core businesses
Details of a strategic review, published on 22 September 2006 meant that the employee cohort would be cut from 348 to c100, additional loan funding was to be provided by major shareholders and the company would divest its payphone and pre-paid call card businesses so as to focus on its corporate and residential broadband businesses.

Revenue in the six months to the end of 30 June 2006 dropped 15% to €20.3 million. There was a 61% increase in administrative costs leading to a loss, before exceptional items, of €17.9 million and an operating loss up to €31 million.

Eir's termination of service
On 2 October 2006 eir, owed €4m by Smart, including arrears of €1.7m, ceased providing wholesale services to Smart Telecom. The result was that the majority of Smart Telecom's customers could not make outgoing calls (except for emergency numbers). According to RTÉ news at the time almost 45,000 customer voice lines were cut off, and Eir was in the process of disconnecting approximately 17,000 broadband customers. Smart issued a notice on their website stating that full service would be restored as soon as possible but declined to give any date for such a restoration.

Shortly afterwards, then-Communications Minister Noel Dempsey called on Eir to reconnect a full telephone service to Smart customers.

Comreg then announced an interim measure where phone lines to Smart customers were reconnected and they were given the option to join other providers.

Resolution
It was revealed on Friday, 6 October 2006 that BidCo, a company controlled by Brendan Murtagh, its largest shareholder, would purchase all of the company's assets, and would also take on its estimate €40m debt. This would also reportedly allow broadband service to be restored immediately. It was confirmed Smart would dispose of the "calls only" packages, but would continue to provide call services to broadband customers.

In an email to customers on the same day, restoration of telephone and broadband services was announced along with a free upgrade of 3 Mbit/s to all broadband customers for the remainder of 2006 as a token of their appreciation.

Smart Telecom Examinership August 2009
Smart Telecom entered examinership in August 2009 with an internal examiner reviewing their debts revenue and business structure. Smart Telecom were in debts of up to €70 million to creditors and in loans.

It was said that Smart had a fair chance of coming out of examinership but also had 2 new investors that would be willing to invest in the company.

Smart Telecom continued operations as normal with no effects to any of its customers during this period.

Digiweb Purchase
In November 2009, the Irish broadband supplier Digiweb announced their intention to purchase Smart. The full takeover took place in early 2010 and the company was officially dissolved in March 2011.

title: Smart Telecom


text:
Talk:The Jacksons: An American Dream

Untitled
and they came to bristol st pauls and andalusia academy

title: Talk:The Jacksons: An American Dream


text:
Alkonost

The Alkonost is a legendary woman-headed bird in Slavic folklore. Alkonost is more likely an individual character, as was noted in some legends about this bird.

Folklore
The name of the Alkonost came from a Greek demigoddess whose name was Alcyone. In Greek mythology, Alcyone was transformed by the gods into a kingfisher.

Alkonost makes amazingly beautiful sounds, and those who hear these sounds forget everything they know and want nothing more ever again. She lives in the underworld with her counterpart, the Sirin. The Alkonost lays her eggs on a beach and then rolls them into the sea. When the Alkonost's eggs hatch, a thunderstorm sets in and the sea becomes so rough that it becomes impossible to traverse. She is also the sister of other birds from Slavic mythology, such as Rarog and Stratim.

According to folk tales, at the morning of the Apple Feast of the Saviour day, Sirin flies into the apple orchard and cries sadly. In the afternoon, the Alkonost flies to this place, beginning to rejoice and laugh. Alkonost brushes dew from her wings, granting healing powers to all fruits on the tree she is sitting on.

In popular culture

 * Alkonost is featured in the digital card game Mythgard (2019) as a rare minion in the Dreni faction.
 * Croatian singer Nina Kraljić that performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 sings under the name of Alkonost of Balkan.
 * Alkonost is a Russian epic folk metal band formed in Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan, Russia in 1995.

title: Alkonost


text:
Category:Radio in Finland

Note that "Alivaltiosihteeri" is not a radio station but a radio show.

title: Category:Radio in Finland


text:
Talk:Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi

Untitled
Hi Natalina, ALL the info present on this page is also present in the page that you are now redirected to; I have formatted the page better and added personal details with reference links, so that the nawab's bio is not restricted to this cricketing career alone. Please see the point in this and do not revert. Importantly, the NAME of the page should include the SURNAME "Pataudi" so as not to confuse with other people who have the name "Iftekhar Ali Khan" [Believe me, that is not such an uncommon set of first names in the muslim community. Thanx Anon Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Iftikhar_Ali_Khan"

English/India
Not sure the best way of correcting it, however the Infobox suggests he is English... He was actualy from India although he representeb both England and India at an international level. Whats the best way of changing this (as the infobox formatting really messes with my formating) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by TheRack (talk • contribs) 03:58, 2 January 2007 (UTC).

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 18:11, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Asterisk
Why does the 238 have an asterisk? I don't know much about cricket. --AW (talk) 03:15, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Anyone? --AW (talk) 16:31, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

It means 238 not out; he finished that innings without being dismissed.Matthau (talk) 16:12, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

Image

 * 1929 image at National Portrait Gallery --Ekabhishek (talk) 09:12, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi


text:
File:DallasCast.jpg

The original cast of Dallas in Southfork Ranch. From left are: Steve Kanaly, Patrick Duffy, Victoria Principal, Barbara Bel Geddes, Jim Davis, Charlene Tilton, Larry Hagman and Linda Gray.

Fair Use rationale for Dallas (1978 TV series)

 * 1) It is a low resolution shot.
 * 2) It is a promotional image intended for mass distribution.
 * 3) It identifies the Dallas series and main characters per encyclopedic use.
 * 4) It shows the Ewing family, the central characters of the series.
 * 5) It is highly unlikely that this image or another substantially similar one will be released under a free license, as the Dallas characters are copyrighted characters.
 * 6) There is no known free alternative.

Fair Use rationale for Ewing family

 * 1) It is a low resolution shot.
 * 2) It is a promotional image intended for mass distribution.
 * 3) It shows the Dallas family, the series' central characters.
 * 4) The article is about their family and the use of the one image prevents the need of several separate ones.
 * 5) It is highly unlikely that this image or another substantially similar one will be released under a free license, as the Dallas characters are copyrighted characters.
 * 6) There is no known free alternative.

title: File:DallasCast.jpg


text:
Timothy Ha

Timothy Ha Wing-ho MBE, JP (born 1937), is the former Supervisor and Principal of St. Paul's College, Hong Kong, as well as Education Secretary of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui (Hong Kong Anglican Church (Episcopal)) and Chairman of the Hong Kong Association of Sponsoring Bodies of Schools. Ha, who is in his late 60s, is still a prominent figure in the education sector of Hong Kong and has recently been very outspoken, in particular concerning the government's proposed education reforms.

Timothy Ha received his early education in Munsang College and Diocesan Boys' School (DBS). He was then admitted to The University of Hong Kong, where he studied history. Upon attaining his BA degree, he started his career as a teacher in DBS, in 1960. In 1968, Ha was appointed Principal of St. Paul's College, which is the flagship school of the Anglican Church and oldest educational institution in Hong Kong, and also the alma mater of his father and grandfather.

Under Ha's leadership, St. Paul's College underwent several major projects, including renovations and restructuring of the school premises as well as changes to the school management and funding structure, by participation in the Direct Subsidy Scheme in 2002.

Outside St. Paul's College, Ha has also been very active in education-related policy making. He has served as either chairman or member of many education-related committees. In 1991, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council (i.e. legislature of Hong Kong) by the then Governor to serve a four-year term. In 1994, Ha was involved in an incident concerning his expenses claim of public funds to buy electronic Bibles. Ha managed to withstand media criticism, but had not gone for a second term in the LegCo as all appointed seats in LegCo were turned to elected seats in 1995.

Timothy Ha was also involved in tertiary education. He took part in the establishment committee of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Indeed, he was the one to give the university its current name. He has been a member of the Court of The University of Hong Kong.

As the Education Secretary of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, he has been responsible for the education policies of the Anglican Church, which is currently the second largest sponsoring body of schools, after the Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong. Recently, the government has suggested major education reforms including the restructuring of school governing boards and the taking over of school management controls. Ha, representing the Anglican Church, joined the outspoken Bishop Zen Ze-kiun of the Catholic Church in opposing the School-Based Management Policy reforms, including threatening to take legal actions to deter the government's initiatives.

Timothy Ha was originally expected to retire as Supervisor and Principal of St. Paul's College in August 2005, after 37 years of service. However, the Principal-elect abruptly turned down the offer in June 2005 and Ha was expected to continue to serve for at least one more academic year, even after the hosting of a farewell dinner in his honour on July 9, 2005. On December 19, 2005, Ha announced that he shall be retiring on March 1, 2006, and Dr. John Richard Kennard will succeed his principalship.

Ha was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1986 and was honoured with an MBE in 1989.

title: Timothy Ha


text:
User:JimmyTheWig

JimmyTheWig

Interests on Wikipedia...

 * Star Wars
 * Children's TV
 * Hoddesdon
 * Barnet F.C.

--JimmyTheWig 09:59, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:JimmyTheWig