text:
Trax Records

Trax Records is an American independent record label based in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It played a major part in the development of house music.

History
Larry Sherman was originally a collector of vintage jukeboxes, and, frustrated with the limited range of records began operations in 1983 by purchasing Musical Products, a pressing plant in Bridgeport, Illinois.Though it is frequently said that Jesse Saunders and Vince Lawrence were co-founders there is no proof via corporations or any type of genuine documentation to prove it. There is no legal documentation what so ever to back Vince Lawrence Claim of label design or Trademark. Legal exhibits need to be included to verify this information. The initial artist signings were done by Vince Lawrence. The first release was "Wanna Dance/Certainly" by Le Noiz (a pseudonym of Jesse Saunders), TX-101 (matrix number 85 indicated the year of release).

Trax Records was an important outlet for house music in its early days, releasing many classics including "No Way Back" by Adonis (1986), Jamie Principle & Frankie Knuckles's "Your Love" (1988), Larry Heard's "Can You Feel It" (1986), and Marshall Jefferson's "The House Music Anthem (Move Your Body)" in the same year. This latter tune gave a massive boost to house music, extending recognition of the genre outside of Chicago.

In 1991, Trax declared bankruptcy when distributors owing Trax 4.5 million dollars went out of business.

In 1995 Rachael Cain married the founder, Larry Sherman. In 2007, Cain divorced Sherman and received 50% of the Trax Records library. Cain started a new company which is not connected to old catalogue material and released music under the alias Screamin Rachael. Some of the current artists she has been releasing include Saytek, Late Nite Dub Addict, Irene Michaels, DJ THADX, along with productions and music by Chicago House legend Joe Smooth.

In 2002, Trax Records formed a joint venture with Casablanca Media in Canada. Litigation started in 2004. By 2005 all of the classic materials ownership was awarded to Casablanca in Canada. Lawyers for the Creative Arts took Sherman & Cain’s case Pro- Bono, as they proved to have no funds, or be making any income from Casablanca who became the catalogue owners. They were represented by Rick Darke of the Duane Morris law firm. Many years of litigation finally ended on January 1, 2022. Royalty systems are being put in place by infinite Catalogue. There is also an amount of money held specifically in a trust for the artists who sign off from the exclusive Demon Records deal that Casablanca instituted.

Sherman was criticised for poor-quality vinyl pressings (partially due to the use of recycled vinyl), missing royalty payments, and a lack of interaction with the artists on his roster. DJ Pierre of Phuture once claimed “Trax never paid me royalties”, and Jamie Principle, who sang "Your Love", alleged he was not properly signed to the label, saying they “literally just stole my stuff”. Frankie Knuckles publicly criticized reissues of his former material, and distanced himself from the label. However the Knuckles estate and their Attorney Jeffrey Becker along with TRAX are working to preserve Knuckles writing, productions and master recordings. Monies are currently on hold for the titles Knuckles did with Trax. Jamie Principle, disputes Frankie Knuckles had any involvement. There are two judgements in favor of Knuckles credibility both in the United States and the UK.

In a 2014 statement, the label's former creative director Jorge Cruz acknowledged the numerous disputes, saying: "The reality is that the Trax Records name is making money but much of the money is not reaching the label or the artists. We cannot change the past or the legal battles that are tied to it."

In June 2020, Robert Owens and Larry Heard filed lawsuits against Trax claiming : as “musicians hungry for their first break,” Owens and Heard “were lulled into a business relationship with an unscrupulous record company,” per the text. The plaintiffs “signed away valuable rights to their music” for inadequate compensation, the filing proceeds, and Trax Records nevertheless failed to pay the owed royalties and wages. Trax asserts and Heard admits that he signed a contract assigning the copyright in the music for his three biggest hits, Can You Feel It, Washing Machine and Beyond the Clouds.

Heard closed four contracts with the brand around 1985–1987, and though the lawsuit describes various issues and omissions with each (including missing signatures and not covering copyrights specifically), they centered mainly on his transferring the rights to hit songs for $3,000 apiece and, in a portion of the deals, a guarantee of 15 percent of sales revenue. More broadly, the label allegedly “exploited the artists’ other musical works” without permission (contractual or otherwise) throughout the last four or so decades, including by releasing unauthorized vinyl records and failing to turn over royalty payments. The lawsuit also describes the plight of different musicians who have allegedly been denied their due royalties from Trax Records, including Adonis, a pioneering acid house artist. The Chicago native's much-publicized quest to collect 34 years worth of back pay from Trax, writing that he still hasn't “received one word from that shameless label.

In November 2020, Trax filed to dismiss seven of the eight counts raised in Owens & Heard's complaint. In September 2022, Resident Advisor released an article on Trax Records response to the royalties scandals and lawsuits.

12" singles

 * TX101—Le Noiz "Wanna Dance/Certainly"
 * TX102—Jesse Velez "Girls Out On the Floor"
 * TX103—Le Noiz "I'm Scared/Get Out"
 * TX104 -- Jack Master Funk "Jack the Bass"
 * TX105—Kevin Irvin "Ride the Rhythm [Remix]"
 * TX106 -- Farley Jackmaster Funk "Funkin With Drums Again"
 * TX107 -- Vince Lawrence "Virgo Tracks Again"
 * TX108—Jesse Velez "Super Rhythm Trax"
 * TX109 -- Ron Hardy "Sensation"
 * TX110 -- Screamin' Rachael "My Main Man"
 * TX111—Man Goes Disco "Sensuous Woman"
 * TX112 -- Adonis "No Way Back"
 * TX113 -- Sleezy D "I've Lost Control"
 * TX114 -- Marshall Jefferson "Virgo/Free Yourself/R U Hot Enough"
 * TX115—Fresh "Dum Dum Part Two"
 * TX116 -- The Rude Boy Farley Keith "Give Yourself to Me"
 * TX117 -- Marshall Jefferson "The House Music Anthem"
 * TX118—Master C & J "When You Hold Me"
 * TX119—Sweet D "Thank Ya/Do It"
 * TX120 -- Adonis "We're Rockin Down the House"
 * TX121—On the House "Ride the Rhythm [Original]"
 * TX122—Willie Wonka: "What is House"
 * TX123—Radio Fashion "You Get What You Deserve"
 * TX124—Farm Boy: "Jackin’ Me Around"
 * TX125—Fat Albert "Beat Me Til I Jack"
 * TX126—Santos "Work the Box"
 * TX127 -- Mr. Fingers: "Can U Feel It/Washing Machine"
 * TX128—Sampson “Butch” Moore: "House Beat Box"
 * TX129—Jungle Wonz: "The Jungle"
 * TX130—Boris Badenough: "Hey, Rocky" (Artist was Dean Anderson though often mis-credited as Frankie Knuckles)
 * TX131 -- Lidell Townsell: "Party People"
 * TX132 -- Robert Owens: "Bringin’ Down the Wall"
 * TX133—Terry Baldwin: "Housemaster"
 * TX134—Two House People: "Move My Body"
 * TX135—Jungle Wonz: "Time Marches On"
 * TX136—On the House: "Give Me Back the Love"
 * TX137—Mr. Lee "I Can't Forget"
 * TX138—Mystery "Mystery Girl"
 * TX139—Eric Bell "Your Love"
 * TX140—Mr. Lee "Came to House"
 * TX141—William S "I'll Never Let You Go"
 * TX142 -- Phuture: "Acid Tracks"
 * TX144—Dalis "Rock Steady"
 * TX145—Kevin Irving "Children of the Night"
 * TX146—Two of a Kind "Somewhere in West Hell"
 * TX147—Pleasure Zone "Charley/House Nation"
 * TX148—Dr. Derelict "Doctor"
 * TX149—Dean Anderson "Don't Stop/Don't Dub"
 * TX150 -- Frankie Knuckles Presents "Baby Wants to Ride/Your Love"
 * TX151—Frankie Knuckles Presents "It's a Cold World"
 * TX152 -- Hercules "Lost in the Groove"
 * TX153—Dancer "Am a Dog/Boom Boom"
 * TX154—Evie "Stay the Night"
 * TX155—Rich Martinez "Are You Ready"
 * TX156—Mr. Lee "House this House"
 * TX157 -- Pierre's Phantasy Club "Got the Bug"
 * TX158 -- Lidell Townsell "Get the Hole"
 * TX159—Curtis McClaine "Let's Get Busy"
 * TX160—Dancer "Number Nine"
 * TX164—Pleasure Zone "Fantasy/I Can't Understand"
 * TX165 -- Phuture "We Are Phuture EP"
 * TX166—Mr. Lee "Pump Up Chicago/London/New York"
 * TX167—Donald Rush "Knockin at my Door"
 * TX168—Mike Wilson "Hit Tracks III"
 * TX169 -- Maurice Joshua "I Gotta Big Dick/This is Acid"
 * TX170 -- Lidell Townsell "Jack the House EP"
 * TX171—Mr. Lee - "Acid Fantaslee"
 * TX172 -- Farley "Jackmaster Funk" Presents Ricky Dillard – As Always"
 * TX173—K.G.B. "Respect Rap"
 * TX174—Kool Rock Steady "Power Move"
 * TX175—Virgo Four "Virgo Vol. 4/Do You Know Who You Are"
 * TX176—M.E. "Ride"
 * TX177—Grand and Dezz "You're Too Good"
 * TX178—Scamara "Kisses Never Lie"
 * TX179—J.R. "It's About House"
 * TX180—Samurai Sam "House Japanese"
 * TX182—Kamia "Take Me I'm Yours"
 * TX184 -- Maurice "Get Into the Dance"
 * TX185—Kipetotec "Sex Sells"
 * TX187—Gotham City "Bat Trax"
 * TX190—Streetlife "Streetlife/I Will Survive"
 * TX191—MTS & RTT "Native House"
 * TX192—Streetlife "Glow of Love"
 * TX193—Streetlife "Tearin Down the Walls"
 * TX194—Marshall Jefferson "Move Your Body '90"
 * TX195 -- Yvonne Gage "Bad Girls/Heartbreak Hotel"
 * TX196—M.E. feat. Yvonne Gage "Winter Days/Summer"
 * TX197—Humanoid "Slam"
 * TX198—Bart Starr "Way To Go Homer" - written by Jesse Saunders
 * TX199 -- Ralphi Rosario "Running Away"
 * TX200—Over 2 U "Force of Habit"
 * TX201—Humanoid "Crystal (Back Together)/The Deep"
 * TX202 -- Lidell & The People "Another Lover"
 * TX203—Bazz "Very Well"
 * TX204—The Music Factory "It's Getting Late"
 * TX205—Kevin Irving "Puppet/About That Time"
 * TX301 -- Fast Eddie "Yeah Yeah Yeah"
 * TX302 -- Black Man "Beat that Bitch with a Bat"
 * TX303—Johnny Fiasco "Iz U Iz Or Iz You Ain't My Baby"
 * TX304 -- Farley Jackmaster Funk / Housemaster Boys "Love Can't Turn Around/House Nation"
 * TX305—Fast Eddie "No Other Love"
 * TX306 -- Joe Smooth "Untitled"
 * TX307 -- ???
 * TX309 -- ???
 * TX308 -- Amber "A Matter of Time"
 * TX310—K. Kool (K. Alexi) "Hot Swing/Hot Summer Swing"
 * TX311—The Fusion EP
 * TX312 -- ???
 * TX313—United Freaks of America "Get Up Off Your Ass"
 * TX314—Hercules "Streetfighter"
 * TX315—Jungle Wonz "Bird in a Gilded Cage"
 * TX316—Ramovia "Your Love"
 * TX317—Pound "Move Yo' Body Again"
 * TX404—Adonis "Basement Jaxx Remixes"
 * TX417—David Chong "There is no place / Our Last Chance"
 * TX418—Hydraulic Funk "Flash Light/Godzilla/Godzilla Rap (Feat. Afrika Bambaataa & M.C. G.L.O.B.E.)"
 * TX419—Dave Robertson "Liquidity & Warmth/Loss of a Love"
 * TX420—Maurice "Desires"
 * TX421—Frankie Knuckles "Waiting on my Angel" (2002)
 * TX467—Various Artists "Best of Movi' Record Vol. 1"
 * TX468—David Chong "Auto Ed"
 * TX476—Mr. Fingers "The complete can you feel i(Martin Luther King RX)"
 * TX481—Naked Soul "Keep On Movin'"
 * TX486—Screamin' Rachel "Don't make me lonely"

LPs and EPs

 * TX107/114—Virgo Tracks Again/Virgo "Free Yourself"
 * TX5001—Various: “Chicago Trax Volume 1”
 * TX5003—Various "Acid Trax Volume 1"
 * TX5004—Various "Acid Trax Volume 2"
 * TX5005 -- Steve Poindexter Featuring "Short Circuit"
 * TX5007—Various "Acid Trax Volume 3"
 * TX5011—Various "Frankie Knuckles Presents"
 * TX5016 -- Armando Presents The New World Order
 * TX5017—Acid Wash - Written by J. Lopez
 * TX5018—Lost Trax - Previously unreleased tracks by Mr. Fingers
 * TX5019—K. Kool (K. Alexi) "Trick Tracks"
 * TX5020—Phurture (K. Alexi) "Lost Souls”
 * TX5021—Ralph Rosario's Greatest Hits
 * TX5022DP -- Joey Beltram Presents "Dance Generator" (Double pack)
 * TX5023—XXX Tracks
 * TX5024—Armando "The New World Order Level 3"
 * TX5025—Kaay Alexi Shelby & Brazil 94 "Untitled"
 * TX5027—The Beltram Re-releases 1989-1991
 * TX5032—Armando Presents the New World Order 4 94
 * TX5033 -- Steve Stoll "Octaves"
 * TX5034 -- Frankie Bones "Bone Up!"
 * TX5035—Steve Stoll "FM"
 * TX5036 -- ???
 * TX5037 -- ???
 * TX5038 -- ???
 * TX5039 -- ???
 * TX5040 -- ???
 * TX5041—Acid Trax IV (1996)
 * TX5042 -- ???
 * TX5043 -- ???
 * TX5044 -- ???
 * TX5045 -- DJ Rush "Klub Kidz" (1996)
 * TX5085DP -- "Anyone Can Dance" by  Crystal Distortion (Double Pack)
 * TX5086DP -- "Contaminated 2G" by  Gene Hunt (Double Pack)
 * TX2007 -- "In The Beginning (Nic Sarno Remake) by Nic Sarno
 * TX4563 -- "Freaks" by Sir Nenis
 * TX1971 -- "The Flow" by Nic Sarno
 * TX1360 -- "Every Night I Say A Prayer" by Little Boots
 * TX10092011 -- "Don't Stop" by Sir Nenis & Roby Howler
 * TX082603 -- "Purple Mountains Majestic" by Sir Nenis & Marked Man

CDs and compilations

 * CDTX5001–20th Anniversary Collection by Various Artists
 * CDTX5002–Next Generation by Various Artists (2004)
 * CDTX5003–Acid Classics by Various Artists (2004)
 * CDTX5004–Queer Trax — Coming in Loud and Queer by Various Artists (2004)
 * CDTX5005–Rarities & B-Sides by Various Artists (2004)
 * CDTX5006–Extacy by Screamin Rachael (2004)
 * CDTX5010–Twilight Trax by Various Artists (2005)
 * CDTX5011–Trax Classix by Armando (2005)
 * CDTX5013–Trax Classix by Joey Beltram (2005)
 * CDTX5016–Trax Classix by Phuture and DJ Pierre (2005)
 * TX9725–Trax Records: The 25th Anniversary Collection by Various Artists (2011)
 * TX062810–SUMMERTRAX by Various Artists (2012)
 * TX062003–Screamin' Rachael: Queen of House by Screamin' Rachael (2013)
 * TRX UK CD001–The House that Trax Built by Trax Records 1996

title: Trax Records


text:
Talk:Neopets

No mention regarding Neopets breach?
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/ezpvw7/neopets-hack-another-day-another-hack-tens-of-millions-of-neopets-accounts https://www.reddit.com/r/neopets/comments/4rs8vd/neopets_data_breach_20mil_accounts/ https://www.facebook.com/Neopets/posts/10153966777621005

I couldn't find any mention on the article itself. Was it not notable enough to be added? CyanoTex (talk) 07:40, 26 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Be WP:BOLD and add it in :) You might be the person that knows most about it! Deadstar (talk) 09:06, 26 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi, I've added this to the article! I quoted Motherboard's 70 mil accounts as the amount breached but as far as I can tell it was actually 27 mil ( or at least that's the number on public leaks of the data)... Iridi (talk) 07:26, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

No mention of Neopets and scientology
It was reported by multiple sources, such as The New York Post and The Huffington Post that Doug Dohring, whose consortium bought Neopets in 2000, was a scientologist and ran the company using a scientologist principle known as "Org Board".

To my surprise there is no mention of this in the article. Perhaps it should be added. —turdastalk - contribs 23:57, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Help me out here
I'm making a section about the Metaverse NFT project, but it needs work. Can I get some help please? RteeeeKed (talk) 00:09, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

I'm having a problem getting the Neopet species 'Bori' onto the disambiguation page Bori
Would somebody like to help?

One of our editors uses the word 'Bori' as part of his user name. His 'Bori' is one of 55 species of Neopets. One problem is: 'Bori' are not mentioned in the article Neopet. We have a disambiguation page Bori, but these Neopets 'Bori' are not listed on this disambiguation page. If you read Talk:Bori you will understand.

Ping welcome, Steue (talk) 14:24, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Neopets


text:
Talk:Discovery Bay

Additions by a series of IP addresses in July 2005
While I agree with the many, often hilarious, changes, please keep in mind Wikipedia is meant to be an encyclopedia and the changes did not fit with NPOV. I have made edits, keeping some salient observations while removing others.

While Park'n'Shop is a monopoly and the Pearl River Delta water is indeed polluted, it is not right for an encyclopedia. Therefore, I have removed many of the edits and any attempts to re-introduce such material in the body will be considered vandalism. That said, I have added a new 'community issues' section which may be better suited to your needs.

 * If you (or anyone) wish to add such material to the page, please discuss it here first and explain changes. Thank you.  --Mintchocicecream 22:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Warnings given to user(s) User_talk:213.41.1.226 and User_talk:81.178.201.68 for adding The Plaza also provides a unique community childminding scheme, whereby children can play freely in the area, while their parents can relax and enjoy themselves without having to worry about their children's behaviour.. While this may be true, this is inappropriate for an encyclopedia, as repeatedly warned in http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discovery_Bay&action=history and Talk:Discovery_Bay. --Mintchocicecream 17:21, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * User User_talk:200.215.36.17 just edited the article again - with the exact same thing. Same user, with a dynamic IP, I suppose.  Can an admin look into this?  Practical jokes can be funny at first (read my first post) but doing the same thing over and over again gets old.  Think of writing something new if you must do this kind of vandalism.  --Mintchocicecream 16:43, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * User:195.113.148.193 added back the content again. — Instantnood 10:50, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Deletions of links by Niteowlneils
I have re-added links deleted by Niteowlneils - please give a good reason for their removals. I understand links to churches may not pertain to all members of the community, but I know many people do find links to community churches, clubs such as the Lantau Boat Club and schools useful. --Mintchocicecream 22:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Those external links are not directly related to Discovery Bay itself, and the things they are about aren't mentioned anywhere in the article, so they are kind of a non-sequitor. Wikipedia is explicitly not a business/community directory (#7), nor a web directory (#1). Also, I don't see how they meet any of the 'do/maybe' external link criteria, and arguably meet 'don't' criteria. They also don't seem appropriate per Contributing_FAQ--"Keep in mind, however, that Wikipedia is not a web directory; external links should support the content of the article, not replace it." Niteowlneils 00:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for your reply and the useful information you provided. I am now tempted to agree with you on the issue of links, as the community links are more appropriate in a web directory rather than in an encyclopedia entry.  --Mintchocicecream 12:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Lantau Boat Club
I have moved this onto its own article. It is one thing putting a link to the Boat Club and an entirely different thing giving one single club an entire paragraph in a mildly related article. --Mintchocicecream 22:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree that's a better way to handle it, but since the external link to the boat club is now in the Lantau Boat Club article, there is no reason to have it on the Discovery Bay page. Niteowlneils 00:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree - removed link from Discovery Bay page. --Mintchocicecream 12:25, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Recreation and Entertainment
I have moved the accidentally misplaced para on the DB Marina Club from the Life in DB section to the more appropriate position below the list of clubs.

In addition, I have added a little information to the para on club membership, outlining the original, also contentious, membership rules with particular regard to the restriction on ferry tickets that existed for several years. It adds a little to the overall picture of DB but is it appropriate for Wikipedia? Any comments will be appreciated. — kintak 04:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Lead In
With some trepidation I removed the internal links attached to Yi Pak Bay and Tai Pak Bay as these both led to the Wikipedia no-page-with-this-title-exists search page. If this was not in order I will restore them but we probably need to consider adding brief pages on these two, if reliable information on them is available. I seem to remember there was a loading pier in Yi Pak in the days before DB when the area was a cattle ranch, but have no confirmation of this or any further info at present. — kintak 04:51, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Original developer
I had come across an article in Hong Kong Economic Journal, either by Mr. Cho or by Mr. Lam, that Hong Kong Resort Company Limited is not the orginial developer of Discovery Bay. The original developer went into great financial difficulty during the big slump of 1973. HKR obtained the property through some channels. Does anyone know about the history? — HenryLi (Talk) 16:42, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe that is correct - but it is a bit more complicated than that: Discovery Bay originally was one of two places earmarked by the then Hong Kong government for leisure and recreation, and was originally envisaged to be a resort development.  However, it got some bad loans (from a bank in Moscow or somewhere there in the then-Soviet Union) and then control was effectively transferred to the Cha Family.  Whether or not HKRI is the original developer is thus a bit of a problem -- my understanding is that BEFORE the assets were taken over, the company was also called HKR -- the Cha Family took over HKR as a whole, rather than its assets...

 * I know where you can find the source - it is the first Discovery Bay Guidebook published in the early 1990s. I have a copy at home in Hong Kong - but I am not going to be in Hong Kong until December 2006.  So yea, if anyone is able to contribute it would be most welcome!  Alternatively, you might find something from the proceedings against HKRI in 2003-2004 for encroaching on government land and not paying the appropriate land premiums for the changes in land use.  --mintchocicecream 17:40, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Citing sources
I noticed a lot of this page needs proper citation. I've just tried adding a number (and formatting a number of others) - but a lot more needs to be done, for example:

''Construction of DB began in the early 1980s. The final idea of a self-contained community with resort characteristics was unique and proved very popular in Hong Kong; when the first phase of DB went on sale in 1982, houses and flats sold out quickly. [citation needed]''

I am SURE this is right because I read it before, but I don't have the source with me. Any sources would be extremely appreciated. --mintchocicecream 16:58, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Edits by 210.3.14.165
I am a bit concerned by the edits by anonymous user 210.3.14.165 over April 2008 which have removed a lot of the criticisms about the development. In particular, the section on the government investigation into the developer has been removed --

''The development was found to have encroached on government land. The change to the plan from a public holiday resort to a private residential development attracted controversy from the government, local media and the general public, resulting in subsequent debates in the Legislative Council (Grant of land at Discovery Bay and Yi Long Wan (Audit Commission, Chapter 5); 2005 http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr04-05/english/pac/reports/43/ch_5.pdf) - which concluded that while the government approved the changes in plans, land premiums that are payable in conjunction with the changes were never paid - nor requested by the government in the twenty-plus years since. Moreover, The Audit Office could not find the public recreational facilities which were the main reason for the initial land grant.''

However - other bits have been tidied up so I assume the edit was done good faith. Any other views on this?

If one compares the edit on April 1st with the current version, one can see the changes: [|http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discovery_Bay&diff=214618301&oldid=202617206]

--mintchocicecream (talk) 23:42, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Suggested renaming
Since there are multiple other Discovery Bay articles, would it not be appropriate to rename this article Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, and use Discovery Bay (disambiguation) for the main Discovery Bay link? This would require adjusting the many references that currently point to the present article; but it seems odd for this page to monopolize the generic article name. Any objections? Spinality (talk) 07:28, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

Who is Wong?
''DB was originally conceived in 1976 as a comprehensive leisure resort by Jason Blight, the previous owner of Hong Kong Resort Company Limited (HKR) in agreement with the Hong Kong government. Wong planned to develop DB into a tourist attraction with hotels, condominiums and three golf courses.''

This is the only mention of Wong in the article. Who was/is he/she? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.78.160.232 (talk) 13:27, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 13:29, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Discovery Bay. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120415062348/http://www.hkri.com/icms2/template?series=407&article=5473&leftside1=406&leftside2=5455&menuon=1&submenuon=1 to http://www.hkri.com/icms2/template?series=407&article=5473&leftside1=406&leftside2=5455&menuon=1&submenuon=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151119160042/http://hkri.com/icms2/template?series=103&article=1247&menuon=1 to http://hkri.com/icms2/template?series=103&article=1247&menuon=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060517193918/http://www.hkri.com:80/cms1/hkr/hkr2771.html to http://www.hkri.com/cms1/hkr/hkr2771.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130305180108/http://www.discovery.edu.hk:80/cms/ to http://www.discovery.edu.hk/cms/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070407091219/http://dbay.hk:80/ to http://www.dbay.hk/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:13, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:06, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Concept Plan for Lantau.jpg

DBMC Controversy neutrality
The DBMC rebranded as Lantau Yacht Club and transformed from the family and community friendly club it was to an unwelcoming, exclusive membership only yacht club.

I feel like this isn't very neutral. I am upset about the houseboats being forced out as well, but maybe the description of "unwelcoming" isn't neutral.

I'm proposing the following, but open to alternatives: The DBMC rebranded as Lantau Yacht Club and transformed from a community friendly marina club to an exclusive membership-only yacht club. FringoGG (talk) 09:27, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Discovery Bay


text:
User talk:Chadamir

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Ragib 22:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

re
Thanks!! --goethean ॐ 16:10, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chadamir


text:
List of storms named Dora

The name Dora has been used for fifteen tropical cyclones worldwide: two in the Atlantic Ocean, eight in the eastern Pacific Ocean (two of which crossed over into the western Pacific basin), one in the western Pacific Ocean (besides the two that crossed over from the eastern Pacific), two in the southwest Indian Ocean, and two in the south Pacific Ocean.

In the Atlantic: The name Dora was retired after the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season, and was replaced with Dolly.
 * Tropical Storm Dora (1956) – moved across the southern Bay of Campeche
 * Hurricane Dora (1964) – Category 4 major hurricane, made landfall near St. Augustine, Florida, with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h)

In the Eastern Pacific: The name Dora was retired after the 2023 Pacific hurricane season, and was replaced with Debora.
 * Hurricane Dora (1981) – Category 1 hurricane that stayed at sea
 * Tropical Storm Dora (1987) – moderate tropical storm that stayed clear of land
 * Hurricane Dora (1993) – Category 4 hurricane that formed far from land
 * Hurricane Dora (1999) (T9911, 07E) – long-lived Category 4 hurricane that crossed the International Dateline into the Western Pacific and was re-designated Severe Tropical Storm Dora; did not affect land
 * Tropical Storm Dora (2005) – moved parallel to the Mexican coast near Acapulco
 * Hurricane Dora (2011) – Category 4 hurricane that moved parallel to the coast of southwestern Mexico, dissipated near the Baja California Peninsula
 * Hurricane Dora (2017) – Category 2 hurricane that moved parallel to the southwestern Mexican coast
 * Hurricane Dora (2023) (T2308, 05E) – long-lived Category 4 hurricane; crossed the International Dateline into the Western Pacific and was re-designated as Typhoon Dora

In the Western Pacific:
 * Typhoon Dora (1947) (T4719)

In the South-West Indian:
 * Cyclone Dora (1979)
 * Cyclone Dora (2007)

In the Southwest Pacific: After the 1970-71 season, the name Dora was removed from the Australian name list.
 * Cyclone Dora (1964)
 * Cyclone Dora (1971)

title: List of storms named Dora


text:
1883 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1883.

Excavations

 * In Cyprus, the three sanctuaries and the tombs are excavated for the Cyprus Museum.
 * In Rome, the Palace of the Vestals (atrium of Vesta), the abode of the virgin priestesses of the goddess, the Vestal Virgins, is excavated in 1883-1884.
 * In Athens, Greece, the Olympieion is excavated in 1883-1884 by the British.
 * In Wales, at Cae Gwyn Cave, Tremeirchion, Denbighshire, the cave is extensively investigated from 1883-1887 by H. Hicks: artefacts found, mostly just outside the entrance, date to the middle Aurignacian period.
 * In Charleston, West Virginia, the Criel Mound, a burial mound for Adena culture chieftains, is excavated in 1883-1884 under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology and the supervision of Col. P.W. Norris.
 * At Taplow Court in England, the Taplow burial, a burial mound of a Saxon prince presumed to be Tæppa, is excavated and a number of treasures are discovered.

Discoveries

 * "Coba Tumulus" at Sakçagözü by Karl Humann and Felix von Luschan.
 * A large Gallo-Roman mosaic pavement at Grand, Vosges.

Finds

 * Ceratosaurus nasicornis (now on display at the Smithsonian) is excavated in 1883, and later named and described by Marsh (March 19, 1884).

Miscellaneous

 * January 1 - Augustus Pitt Rivers takes office as Britain's first Inspector of Ancient Monuments.
 * Moses Shapira presents the Shapira Scroll, a continuing source of controversy.

Births

 * June 7 - Sylvanus G. Morley, Mayanist. (died 1948)

title: 1883 in archaeology


text:
File:SAM Coupé EFTPOTRM.png

The SAM Coupé version of Escape From the Planet of the Robot Monsters.

title: File:SAM Coupé EFTPOTRM.png


text:
Edward Rothstein

Edward Benjamin Rothstein (born October 16, 1952) is an American critic. Rothstein wrote music criticism early in his career, but is best known for his critical analysis of museums and museum exhibitions.

Rothstein holds a B.A. from Yale University (1973), an M.A. in English literature from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. from the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago (1994). In addition, Rothstein did graduate work in mathematics at Brandeis University. He was at The New York Times for a long time, but he took a buyout (a cash payout offered to employees, with compensation based on a sliding scale of the number of years they spent working for the employer ) from the newspaper and joined The Wall Street Journal. He wrote in 2020 that "At The New York Times, freedom of speech gave way to group pressure, and debate turned into intimidation".

Rothstein was the cultural critic-at-large for The New York Times, particularly examining the reach and depth of museums, large and small, one by one. He has worked as a music critic for The New Republic and as the chief music critic for the Times. He worked briefly as an editor at MacMillan's The Free Press in the mid-1980s. Rothstein is a two-time winner of the ASCAP Deems Taylor Award for music criticism, and was given a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1991.

Writings

 * Archive of Rothstein's The Wall Street Journal articles
 * Archive of Rothstein's The New York Times articles
 * Archive of Rothstein's tech columns in The New York Times
 * "Mozart: In Search of the Roots of Genius", Smithsonian, February, 2006.
 * "Contemplating Churchill", Smithsonian, March, 2005.
 * Visions of Utopia (New York Public Library Lectures in Humanities), with Herbert Muschamp and Martin E. Marty (Oxford University Press, 2004) ISBN 0-19-517161-6.
 * 1998 Diary in Slate
 * Emblems of Mind: The Inner Life of Music and Mathematics (Times Books, 1995;University of Chicago Press, 2006).
 * Foreword to Arthur Loesser's Men, Women and Pianos: A Social History (1991).
 * Archive of Rothstein's essays 1979-90 in The New York Review of Books

title: Edward Rothstein


text:
User:Javacava

 Javacava  (pronounced ) is a British student who has begun studying a four-year MEng degree in Information Systems Engineering at Imperial College London.

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page!

A little bit about me
I was born in the summer of 1987 and used to live in Bexley, south-east London before moving to university. I joined Wikipedia on 20 November 2004 and made my first edit, adding David Gray's 147 to the list of highest snooker breaks.

Since then, I've used Wikipedia increasingly more, to the point where I feel that this page is warranted. I want to try and improve articles relating to snooker, although I'll tend to improve anything if I come across it... especially boring and factual information.

Significant contributions

 * 2001 World Aquatics Championships - created article from scratch with all results included
 * BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role - complete cleanup
 * Irish Masters (snooker) - added all the non-ranking event winners
 * Snooker world rankings 2005/2006 - I made that all myself! :+)
 * Northern Ireland Trophy, Malta Cup - new articles

Useful links

 * Edit summary legend
 * Manual of Style
 * Quick reference chart of IPA symbols used for English
 * Kate's tools: My edit count
 * My test page

Improve this page!
If you can think of ways to improve this page, whether in terms of its content or its look, drop me a line and I'll see what I can do! All comments are much appreciated though.

title: User:Javacava


text:
Castle of Gormaz

The Castle of Gormaz (Spanish: Fortaleza de Gormaz or Castillo de Gormaz) is a large castle located in Gormaz, Spain. Its current structure was built in 965 to defend the borders of the Caliphate of Cordoba. At the time of its construction, it was the largest fortress in Europe.

Location
The castle is located 13 kilometers south-east of El Burgo de Osma, at Gormaz, in the province of Soria, in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon, Spain. It is situated north of the Duero river, placed on a hill that rises 100 m above the river level.

Gormaz not only controls a contemporary bridge on the Duero, but it is in an area rich, in all directions, in watch-towers also of the middle of the 8th century AD and with some land-owners' towers such as the one that now serves as the belfry of the church of Bordecorex.

The area is rich in relics from this period, near to Sepúlveda and Segovia to the West, Ágreda to the East, Berlanga de Duero to the Southeast. This is probably one of the oldest standing ensembles of military architecture in Western Europe.

History
The site of the castle, or the surrounding area, was frequently contested between the Muslim-controlled Al-Andalus to the south (ruled by the Umayyad dynasty) and the smaller Christian kingdoms to the north during the 10th century. An existing fortification thus existed here before the current castle. Christian chronicles mention that the site was reconquered by Muslim forces in 925 and 940, indicating that it changed hands multiple times between the forces on either side of the frontier. The current castle was built or rebuilt in 965–66 by Ghalib ibn Abd al-Rahman, a general serving under Caliph al-Hakam II at the time. The earliest mentions of the fortress and this reconstruction in Arabic chronicles were recorded by al-Maqqari. A foundation stone with an inscription mentioning this date and the caliph's name was also found in the nearby Hermitage of San Miguel de Gormaz (and kept today at the Burgo de Osma Cathedral) and is believed to come from the fortress, further supporting this construction date. The fortress was the largest fortification built by the Caliphate of Cordoba in this region. It probably acted as the key defensive point in what was an extensive network of fortifications that defended this part of the northern border of Al-Andalus. According to Roger Collins it was also the largest castle in Europe at the time.

In 974–975, the fortress resisted a major siege by the combined forces of Sancho of Navarre, Garcia of Castile, and Ramiro III of Leon (under the regency of his aunt Elvira Ramírez). The castle was relieved by a force led by general Ghalib in the summer of 975, which then pursued Garcia's retreating forces into Castile. The fortress may have nonetheless been captured by a Christian force sometime between 975 and 983, as Christian chronicles report that the Muslims recaptured it in 983. There is textual evidence that the caliphs of Cordoba promised to hand over the fortress to Sancho III in 1009 or in 1011 during the political upheaval of the Fitna (civil war) of Al-Andalus, but it is unclear whether this surrender of the fortress actually took place. Likewise, historical sources report that Fernando I captured the fortress in 1059, perhaps permanently, but the same sources also imply that this occupation was brief. Some archeological evidence suggests that Muslims were still maintaining and repairing the castle in the 1060s. By the end of the century, however, the Duero region, along with the major city of Toledo to the south, had come under the definitive control of Castile.

After its definitive Christian conquest, the castle was occupied by a variety of lords. Alfonso VI gave the castle to El Cid in 1087. In the 14th century the castle was strategically important in the conflict between Pedro I of Castile and Pedro IV of Aragon, during which period it changed hands multiple times and underwent important restoration and repair work. Archeological evidence shows that the main part of the castle was occupied by a small urban settlement during this period. Sometime after the 14th-century conflicts, however, it was abandoned and fell into ruins. Modern excavations of the site began in 1922 and have continued since, with major investigations in the late 20th century led by Juan Zozaya.

Design
The castle is built in masonry stone. Its construction probably re-used available masonry from previous structures built on the site. Its total perimeter is about one kilometer long and has an irregular shape adapted to the topology of the ridge it stands on. The area occupied by the castle is roughly 380 meters long and varies in width between 17 and 63 meters. The walls are about 10 meters high. They are reinforced by 27 towers (or 24 ) which project outward slightly from the rest of the wall. The northern wall is built in large rough stone and has a more regular layout, running in a nearly straight line with 15 towers spaced at regular intervals. The southern wall has a more irregular and curved outline but was built with a more sophisticated masonry technique of carved stone that enhanced its defensive structure. Erosion and landslides over the centuries, however, have damaged the southern wall more severely than the northern walls of the castle. These eroding landslides occurred even in medieval times, as evidenced by the multiple repairs and reconstructions carried out on damaged parts of the wall.

The castle had at least two entrances which have been preserved today, although some scholars have argued that there were other gates as well. The main entrance is to the southwest overlooking a rocky outcrop of the hill, facing the river and the former Muslim side of the frontier. A second gate, a smaller postern gate, is located in the northern wall and was accessed through a vaulted corridor. The main gate consists of two monumental horseshoe archways, located one behind the other at a distance of 1.26 meters. The gate superficially appears as if it is set within one continuous wall but Antonio Almagro has noted that it actually occupies the space between two towers. The short space between the two archways could be used by defenders to throw projectiles from above onto any attackers while still being sheltered from harassment by other attackers located outside the gate. The outer archway has span of 2.76 meters and is 7 meters tall from the ground to its keystone (although Almagro notes that the ground has receded due to erosion). The surface of the outer wall around the arch was once covered in plaster or stucco decoration set inside an alfiz (a decorative rectangular frame carved around the arch). Only fragments of the original decoration have been preserved. The area immediately around the arch was likely painted with "false" voussoirs as part of this decoration, while the rectangular band of the alfiz may have been decorated with an Arabic inscription or with geometric motifs. This overall decorative layout was typical of the caliphal period of Cordoba and is seen also in other monuments of the time like the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Madinat al-Zahra.

The eastern end of the castle was occupied by a citadel with its own walls which are higher and more heavily fortified than the rest of the castle. This citadel may date from the 965 construction or it may date from modifications in later centuries, most likely during the 14th century. It was accessed from the western part of the castle through a bent-entrance gate inside a tower. The eastern citadel probably served as a keep and a last line of defense while the larger western section served as a residential area, which was large enough to house an army. Both the eastern citadel and the main western part of the castle contained a cistern that provided water. Archeological investigations have revealed one location inside the castle which was covered with white mortar, which some archeologists have interpreted as the remains of a musalla or open-air collective oratory.

title: Castle of Gormaz


text:
Bevan Congdon

Bevan Ernest Congdon (11 February 1938 – 10 February 2018) was a New Zealand cricket all-rounder who played 61 Test matches and 11 One Day Internationals from 1965 to 1978, which included a two-year spell as captain.

Captaincy
He was captain of the New Zealand Test and ODI team from 1972 to 1974, and was the first New Zealand captain to record a victory over Australia. Congdon was principally a batsman but also became a useful medium-pace bowler midway through his career.

Record breaking
His finest moments in Tests were in England in 1973 when he scored 176 at Trent Bridge and 175 at Lord's in successive Tests, and during the determined foray by the Kiwis to the West Indies in 1972, when he took over the captaincy from Graham Dowling. In the Trent Bridge match, New Zealand chased 479 in the final innings, falling short by only 38 runs. At the time, this was a Test record for a highest score in the fourth innings to lose a match.

In 1975, Congdon became the first New Zealand batsman to score an ODI century at Basin Reserve. The second one was scored by Kane Williamson, 43 years later, on 6 January 2018 vs. Pakistan.

The innings at Lord's contributed to New Zealand making 551, their highest score in Tests at the time. Asked afterwards how he prepared for Test cricket in his remote, intemperate South Island hometown, he replied that net pitches in Motueka prepared one for anything.

Honours
In the 1975 New Year Honours, Congdon was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to cricket.

title: Bevan Congdon


text: User talk:81.151.44.81

title: User talk:81.151.44.81


text:
Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel

The Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel (Pont-Tunnel Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine) is a highway bridge–tunnel running over and beneath the Saint Lawrence River. It connects the Montreal borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve with the south shore of the river at Longueuil, Quebec.

Named after Lower Canada political reformer Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, the Lafontaine Tunnel is an immersed tube structure, measuring 1391 m long. It carries the Autoroute 25 expressway and passes beneath the main shipping channel in the Saint Lawrence River immediately downstream from the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It surfaces on Île Charron (Îles de Boucherville at entrance/exit #1 of Autoroute 25), then continues by bridge to Longueuil. The bridge-tunnel sees about 120,000 daily crossings, of which 13% are trucks. Its construction began in 1963 and it opened on March 11, 1967.

History
In 1960, the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) through Quebec from the Ontario border to Rivière-du-Loup was announced. In Montreal, to avoid having to build a huge bridge that would have disfigured the city and destroyed a neighbourhood, engineers opted for the construction of a tunnel located under the Saint Lawrence River and dug a trench under the river bed and buried the tunnel sections 4.6 m to 6.1 m under the river bed.

The Longue-Pointe church had to be demolished to make way for the tunnel, and 300 families were expropriated from the village in 1964. The construction was completed in March 1967, just before the opening of Expo 67. Construction cost $75 million.

A major four-year refurbishment of the tunnel began in 2020, originally planned to complete in 2024 at a cost of $1.2 billion, but in 2022 it was announced that the project would take a year longer than expected, completing in 2025 at a total cost of $2.1 billion.

Specifications
Each of the seven tunnel sections weighs 32,000 t, is 110 m long, 37 m wide and rises to a height of 8 m. In total, the bridge–tunnel is 1.8 km long.

The tunnel was built with sections prefabricated in dry dock and then sunk in the river, 24 m below the surface of the water.

It is one of the largest prestressed concrete structures in the world and is the longest bridge-tunnel in Canada.


text:
List of storms named Douglas

The name Douglas has been used for seven tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
 * Hurricane Douglas (1984) – strongest hurricane of the season, never threatened land
 * Tropical Storm Douglas (1990) – killed one person in Mexico, where it nearly made landfall
 * Hurricane Douglas (1996) – continuation of Hurricane Cesar in the Atlantic, crossed Central America and became Hurricane Douglas
 * Hurricane Douglas (2002) – never threatened land
 * Tropical Storm Douglas (2008) – passed near Mexico, brought minor flooding to some areas
 * Tropical Storm Douglas (2014) – never threatened land
 * Hurricane Douglas (2020) – passed very close to Hawaii at hurricane strength

title: List of storms named Douglas


text:
Miss Belgium

The Miss Belgium is a national beauty pageant in Belgium. The winner of Miss Belgium automatically represents her country at the Miss World and Miss Universe pageants if the dates do not overlap.

Queen of the Beach
The first contest looking for the most beautiful girl in Belgium was in 1928. It was journalist Jean-Jacques Fortis who organised the contest "La Reine de la Plage" - "The Queen of the Beach" as a promotion for the journal Piccolo, now Le Soir. It was Anne Koyaert who won the contest in Blankenberge.

Miss Belgium
Following the success, Fortis was allowed to organise a bigger election. In 1929, Jenny Vanparys was the first girl officially crowned Miss Belgium. She participated in Miss Europe. The next year, Netta Duchâteau was the winner. Duchâteau participated and won the International Pageant of Pulchritude in 1931, earning her the title "Miss Universe 1931". Duchâteau became an instant celebrity and the Miss Belgium contest got a lot of attention.

In 1968, Cécile Muller took interest in the contest. In 1969 she organised for the first time Miss Belgium. Muller, who thought herself to be a feminist, took the contest very serious. She demanded the participants of the contest to be bilingual - being able to talk Dutch and French, the two main languages of Belgium. Muller gave the participants training how to handle interviews. She also followed and guided the winner of the Miss Belgium-title very strictly. Thanks to the guidance of Muller, the contest became bigger every year. Muller saw the contest as an act of feminism and tried not to find the most beautiful face of Belgium but a modern young woman who could represent Belgium in every way. She succeeded on launching the contest at television. In 1993 the contest was broadcast on VTM for the Flanders region and at RTL for the Walloon region. A million viewers saw the elections of Miss Belgium that decennia. Many of those winners - including Goedele Liekens, Lynn Wesenbeek, Sandrine Corman, Dina Tersago and Julie Taton - had successful careers in television. For the election of 1994 a new golden crown was made by a crown maker of Paris.

In 2005, business woman Darline Devos became the new organiser of the election. She organized the election further. She succeeded in changing the preliminary provincial elections and applying the same rules in those contests. Every winner of those provincial contest was awarded one of the same eleven Swarovski-crowns. A new crown for Miss Belgium was made, consisting of 500 Swarovski-crystals. Devos also founded the Miss Belgium house, a house in the center of the country. It serves as the work place for the organisation of Miss Belgium and a place to stay for the reigning Miss Belgium. She made a new deal for the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium with broadcaster VT4. Although the girls of the next years were more successful at the Miss Universe and Miss World contests, the Belgian audience lost its interest in the election. Caused by declining viewership of the election, the contest was broadcast in the Dutch-speaking region by Vijftv, the small affiliate channel of VT4, in 2010-2011 and on digital broadcasters Life! in 2012, Studio 100 TV in 2013–2014, Ment TV in 2015, Fox Flanders in 2016-2018 and Eclips TV in 2019. In the French-speaking region broadcaster RTL stopped broadcasting the election in 2012. It was succeeded by digital broadcaster STAR TV in 2012 and AB3 in 2013–2018. Since 2019 the contest no longer broadcast in Wallonia. Additionally, the election also meets criticism in Wallonia because most winners are from Flanders.

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the election of Miss Belgium 2021 was postponed from January 2020 to March 2021. A new crown made of white stones and some pink stones as finisher debuted at the election of Miss Belgium 2021.

The Reigning Miss Belgium, Chayenne Van Aarle, had a major car accident during her last week of her reign. Since she was still recovering she wasn't able to be present at the election of her successor. The Miss Belgium 2023 pageant show was postponed due to suspicions of a terrorist attack. A suspect was arrested, weapons were found in his car and after the venue was fully searched, the show started with a delay.

Controversy
The Miss Belgium was met with controversy at different occasions. Miss Belgium 1952, Anne-Marie Pauwels refused to part from her boyfriend during the contest of Miss World 1952. She was disqualified and Belgium wasn't allowed to participate at Miss World 1953.

In 1971, the Dolle Mina's jumped on stage during the final of the election, yelling “We are not cattle!”.

Miss Belgium 2002, Ann Van Elsen, was one of the candidates who refused to participate in the Miss World competition held in Nigeria in to protest the conviction of Amina Lawal. This was against the wishes of the Miss Belgium organisation. Van Elsen was replaced by her first runner-up Sylvie Doclot.

Miss Belgium 2006, Virginie Claes, was accused of buying her title. No proof of this was found.

The election of Alizee Poulicek, a native speaker of French and Czech, has even been linked to the 2007–08 Belgian government formation. The reason is that, during the traditional language test, she failed to speak or understand Dutch. The audience even booed her for this. The behaviour of the audience was noted across Europe, and the Flemish newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws sarcastically put the headline "Miss Belgium doesn't speak Dutch. Our country is in a deep crisis".

Miss Belgium 2017, Romanie Schotte, was accused of racism because of a post at Instagram. An investigation was started by Unia (the Center of Equal Opportunities) on 17 January but it was already closed on 19 January. In 2018 however, Miss Belgium 2018 Angeline Flor Pua, was met with much racism after winning. The Secretary of State of Equal Opportunities Zuhal Demir disapproved the racist comments and applauded the new Miss Belgium. The reaction of Flor Pua was well received and even broadcast on the BBC.

Miss Universe Belgium

 * Miss Belgium has started to send a Miss Belgium to Miss Universe from 1952. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent.

Miss World Belgium

Television
In 1993, the election of Miss Belgium debuted on television. Since then the election was broadcoasted every year.

In 2002 and 2003, VTM aired the docuseries Miss België, achter de schermen about the candidates and the preparation for the election show. In 2008, when the show was moved to broadcoaster VT4, a new docusoap Wie wordt Miss België 2008 aired.

Books
In 1999, Miss Belgium-organiser Cécile Muller wrote a book about her 30 year experience of the contest and the 600 girls she guided.

In 2007 a book Een leven als Miss België was released. It included a timeline about the contest, interviews of 15 ex-winners and the diary of Miss Belgium 2007, Annelien Coorevits.

title: Miss Belgium


text: User talk:69.140.225.102

title: User talk:69.140.225.102


text:
Talk:Anthony of Kiev

Names
Britannica mentions A of Pechersk as an alt name and doesn't say it is "erroneous". Why? --Irpen 22:19, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know who's correct, but if we are and Britannica isn't, my good guess is that "pechersk" means "cave", so it means "of the caves", and "of Pechersk" is only a partial translation, assuming that Pechersk is a place name. Kinda the opposite mistranslation as "St. Sophie" (actually Hagia Sophia). --Geoffrey 04:26, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * My knowledge of Ukrainian isn't the best, but Pechersk does mean cave if I am not mistaken. Anthony of Pechersk basically means Anthony of the Caves. In my opinion, Anthony of Pechersk has a more romantic appeal to it, so some people might prefer it as a translation rather than Anthony of the Caves. On this matter, I don't think that either name is truelly erroneous, but Anthony of the Caves would appear to be a more literal translation.Gorovich 01:37, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Guys, this dispute prompted by this edit has long since ended. But if anyone is interested in expanding the article, please be bold. --Irpen 02:03, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Requested move 19 September 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved back. This could have been handled at WP:RMT, so no need to wait the full 7 days. — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 12:31, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Anthony of Kyiv → Anthony of Kiev – Apparently, in the wake of yesterday's change of the modern Kiev page to Kyiv, someone undertook an undiscussed move of this page (among others). I could not reverse it technically, so this is an RM to move it back. There was no consensus in the Kiev/Kyiv discussion on changing historical uses of the term "Kiev" which might render their subjects unrecognizable to readers. St. Anthony of Kiev is one example, a well-known saint, referred to by that name, "Anthony of Kiev" in many English texts. Conversely, I can't find any English references to "Anthony of Kyiv". Until consensus is reached on how to treat historical figures and uses of the term Kiev/Kyiv, these pages should remain where they are (in this case, to "Anthony of Kiev" before the undiscussed move). Walrasiad (talk) 09:45, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Support. We should follow the name used in reliable sources, not modern political dictates.—Ermenrich (talk) 11:57, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME.--Ortizesp (talk) 14:29, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. I sympathise with the argument for consistency, but I disagree with the Kyiv move. And this is an example of why. Kiev/Kyiv is a mere spelling variation. And it has not taken hold nearly strongly enough. It mainly only affects current events, which is why the city should never have been moved. Srnec (talk) 15:38, 19 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose His name is not in reference to historic entity but a city that has been around a long time. blindlynx (talk) 09:12, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose We don’t spell names according to the Google search results popularity contest. There are many other important factors, and that was made painfully clear in the closing summary for the page move of Kiev to Kyiv. This person was the founder of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, an important site of religious pilgrimage and history, and the site has a namesake church of St. Anthony and Theodosius and the Caves of St. Anthony in Kyiv. Disassociating him from the place name will only cause confusion. —Michael Z. 20:32, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support - this was moved without discussion here and with mention on Talk:Kyiv that we should not be moving historical articles. For the closer, this article should be considered to already be at "Anthony of Kiev" for the purposes of moving, and it will need consensus to change it to Kyiv. With historical articles like British rule in Burma, Burma Railway, and China Burma India Theater, we didn't move things when Burma was changed to Myanmar. Modern things like railways and banks, sure... but not things like this. Fyunck(click) (talk) 21:23, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME which is still a Wikipedia policy.--Ymblanter (talk) 09:55, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * And if the outcome of this discussion is no consensus, the article needs to be moved back as it was moved a few days ago without discussion.--Ymblanter (talk) 10:00, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I was going to move it back because of no discussion and the fact it was controversial, but the person who moved it added another item after the move so it now has to be moved back by an administrator. Fyunck(click) (talk) 18:58, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, per WP:COMMONNAME: nGram, where "Anthony of Kyiv" does not register. --K.e.coffman (talk) 14:39, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME. -- Necrothesp (talk) 23:14, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Catholic Saint Diffusion
We've acknowledged that Anthony of Kiev is a Roman Catholic Saint. However, that category is a supercat, and needs diffusion. We have a couple of options.

Ukrainian Catholic saint Russian Catholic saint.

Elizum, which do you prefer. Those are our only two choices for diffusion into their national bins from 'Catholic Saints'.
 * Sign your posts. Elizium23 (talk) 16:55, 22 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anthony of Kiev


text:
Media in Toledo, Ohio

The following is a list of media in Toledo, Ohio, which includes local cable and broadcast television stations, radio stations, and newspapers which are received by people living in the Toledo, Ohio, region. Not included are radio and television stations from Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, which reach most of the city and surrounding area.

Current

 * The Blade

Defunct

 * Toledo Free Press

Cable

 * Buckeye Broadband

Radio

A number of radio stations are broadcast from and/or are licensed to the Toledo market, including the following:

AM

 * 730 WJYM Bowling Green (Contemporary Christian)*
 * 1230 WCWA Toledo (Sports)
 * 1370 WSPD Toledo (Talk)
 * 1520 WPAY Rossford (Relevant Radio)
 * 1560 WWYC Toledo (CSN International)*

FM
Asterisk (*) indicates a non-commercial (public radio/campus/educational) broadcast.

 * 88.3 WXTS-FM Toledo (Jazz)*
 * 88.3 WXUT Toledo (College/alternative)*
 * 88.9 WTPG Whitehouse (Contemporary Christian-WBCL)*
 * 89.3 WYSZ Maumee (Christian rock/hip hop)*
 * 89.7 WNOC Bowling Green (Annunciation Radio)*
 * 90.3 WOTL Toledo (Family Radio)*
 * 91.3 WGTE-FM Toledo (NPR/classical)*
 * 92.5 WVKS Toledo (Contemporary hit radio)
 * 93.5 WRQN Bowling Green (Classic hits)
 * 94.5 WXKR Port Clinton (Classic rock)
 * 95.7 WIMX Gibsonburg (Urban AC)
 * 96.9 WNKL Wauseon (K-Love)*
 * 97.3 WJZE Oak Harbor (Urban contemporary)
 * 98.3 WMIM Luna Pier (Country)
 * 99.9 WKKO Toledo (Country)
 * 101.5 WRVF Toledo (Adult contemporary)
 * 102.3 WPOS Holland Christian contemporary (Moody Radio)*
 * 103.7 WCKY-FM Pemberville (Country)
 * 104.7 WIOT Toledo (Mainstream rock)
 * 105.5 WQQO Sylvania (Contemporary hit radio)
 * 106.5 WTOD Delta (Christian)
 * 107.3 WJUC Swanton (Urban AC)
 * 107.7 WPFX Luckey (Country)

LPFM

 * 96.5 WVZC-LP Toledo (Community/Spanish/variety)*
 * 97.7 WNLB-LP Holland (Community/oldies)*
 * 106.1 WAKT-LP Toledo (Community)*

Internet Radio

 * Towpath Radio Grand Rapids (Oldies)
 * Sweet 419 Toledo (90s and 2K Pop)
 * WSYL Sylvania (Adult Contemporary)
 * River Rat Country Grand Rapids (Country)

Broadcast
Television stations that primarily serve Toledo, Ohio, include:

Full Power

 * 11 WTOL Toledo (CBS)
 * 13 WTVG Toledo (ABC/The CW)
 * 24 WNWO-TV Toledo (NBC)
 * 27 WBGU-TV Bowling Green (PBS)
 * 30 WGTE-TV Toledo (PBS)
 * 36 WUPW Toledo (Fox)
 * 40 WLMB Toledo (Religious independent)

Low Power

 * 48 WMNT-CD Toledo (MyNetworkTV)

Cable

 * Buckeye Cable Sports Network
 * Toledo 5 (defunct)

title: Media in Toledo, Ohio


text:
Talk:Jeppe High School for Boys

It this an independent school (public school) or is it a public school state school? How does the SA system work? to WP:RD I spose... Dunc|☺ 22:20, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

VFD debate link
This article has been kept following this VFD debate. Sjakkalle (Check!)  13:46, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Public/State
In South Africa, the the words public and state are, in casual conversation, used interchangeably but independent schools are completely private and are not the same as public schools. If one is to seriously look at the difference between the first two words, state would imply solely funded by the government while public is semi-funded by the government. In the case of Jeppe High School for Boys, the word public should be used as the school is in fact semi-privatized due to the presence of a governing body and does not receive all funding directly from the government. In fact only a small percentage of what is needed to run the school is in fact provided by the government.

Who remembers Alec Marcus ?
My father, Alec Marcus, graduated from Jeppe in 1936. This April,(2007), we will be celebrating his 90th birthday. If anyone can submit pictures, names or anything about "the old boys" , I would greatly appreciate it. You can reach me at: ronnymarcus@012.net.il. Thanks again ! Ronny Marcus. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.178.74.200 (talk) 22:09, 3 February 2007 (UTC).

i rate jeppe is a great school and as a old boy i would kill just for one more day.how i wish and long to wear my black and white one more time.we love u we do oo jeppe we love u —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.241.223.237 (talk) 16:15, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Ah, the quality of a Jeppe education, shining through in the grammar and spelling above! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Simpythegimpy (talk • contribs) 19:15, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Part of Joburgpedia writing competition
Please let me know if there are any issues with this page. I am currently assisting Users (User:Sasha-Lee A. & User:Erinvanw9) to update and improve this page as part of their entry to JoburgpediA writing competition.-- Thuvack | talk 12:34, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jeppe High School for Boys


text:
Seth McClung

Michael Seth McClung (born February 7, 1981), nicknamed "Big Red", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. In his career, he pitched as a starting pitcher and as a relief pitcher.

Tampa Bay Devil Rays
McClung began the season with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays as a starting pitcher, was sent later that year to the minor leagues, and was converted to be a closer.

Milwaukee Brewers
He started the season in Triple-A Durham of the International League, before being traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for Grant Balfour on July 27. He was then assigned to the Nashville Sounds of the Pacific Coast League before being called up to Milwaukee on August 21, making his debut with the Brewers in a relief appearance on the same day.

He began the season in the Brewers bullpen, later being moved into the rotation in place of Carlos Villanueva. His first appearance as a starter for Milwaukee was against the Washington Nationals on May 24. After the Brewers traded for CC Sabathia, McClung and Dave Bush shared a spot in the rotation with Bush pitching on the road and McClung pitching at home. This experiment ended on August 2, with Bush taking the rotation spot and McClung moving to the bullpen. He became a free agent following the 2009 season.

Florida Marlins
On February 1, 2010, McClung signed a minor league contract with the Florida Marlins with an invite to spring training. He was released on March 30.

Texas Rangers
On December 18, 2010, McClung signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers. He was released on July 13, 2011.

Milwaukee Brewers (second stint)
On January 10, 2012, McClung signed a minor league deal with the Brewers. On July 29, McClung was released. He went 2–13 with a 6.36 ERA in 21 appearances (20 starts) with Triple-A Nashville.

Chicago Cubs
On August 13, 2012, McClung signed a minor league deal with the Chicago Cubs. He elected free agency following the season on November 2.

Sultanes de Monterrey
On March 21, 2013, McClung signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. He was released on April 26. He appeared in 13 games 10.2 innings of relief he went 0-0 with a 1.69 ERA with 15 strikeouts and 5 saves.

Uni-President Lions
On May 20, 2013, McClung signed with the Uni-President Lions of the Chinese Professional Baseball League. He was released on June 16.

Pericos de Puebla
On July 6, 2013, McClung signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican League. He was released on November 18. He appeared in 11 games 12.1 innings of relief going 1-1 with a 2.92 ERA and 9 strikeouts.

Pittsburgh Pirates
On November 20, 2013, McClung signed a minor league contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was released on March 19, 2014.

Personal life
McClung is the uncle of professional basketball player Mac McClung. Mac grew up going to games and spending time with his big league uncle, surrounding himself with high levels of success at a young age. Seth could be attributed to inspiring the younger McClung as he encouraged Mac to achieve greatness and for his "younger generation of the family to pass [his] accomplishments". Currently, he is the head baseball coach at Tarpon Springs High School.

title: Seth McClung


text:
Sean Yseult

Sean Yseult (born Shauna Reynolds; June 6, 1966) is an American rock musician who currently plays bass guitar in the band Star & Dagger. She has played various instruments with different bands since the mid-1980s, and is best known for playing bass in White Zombie.

Early life and education
Her parents were both college English professors. Her mother, Ann Reynolds, taught the poetry of Geoffrey Chaucer, while her father, Michael South Reynolds, was an authority on the life of Ernest Hemingway.

The atmosphere in the family home was bohemian, with artists and scholars gathering for deep conversation and socializing. Yseult's parents took her and her sister to many artistic events.

Before her days as a bassist, Yseult studied fine art and ballet while attending North Carolina School of the Arts for high school. She moved to New York City and earned her degree in graphic design at Parsons The New School for Design. It was at Parsons where she met eventual bandmate and boyfriend Rob Zombie.

Early career / White Zombie
Yseult played bass in White Zombie for 11 years before they disbanded in 1998. In 1996, she participated along with Jay Yuenger in the tribute band to the Germs called Ruined Eye. After the breakup of White Zombie in September 1998, Yseult started playing bass for the band Rock City Morgue. She formed the Famous Monsters in 1995 which also featured Katie Lynn Campbell, bassist for the Toronto-based C'mon.

Post-White Zombie
In 2006 Yseult briefly played bass for and toured with The Cramps.

On November 1, 2010, Yseult released I'm in the Band, a book containing tour diaries and photos as well as detailing her eleven years spent as a member of White Zombie.

When Rock N Roll Experience Magazine asked Yseult in 2011 why she was not involved in the White Zombie box set her reply was, "It was a little bit of a fuck you to me & J. which was kinda weird since we were 2/3rd's of the band but anyways."

Personal life
Yseult was in a relationship with fellow White Zombie co-founder Rob Zombie from 1985 to 1992, after meeting at Parsons School of Design. The two continued to work together after the breakup. Yseult moved to New Orleans in 1996, after White Zombie disbanded. She married Supagroup musician Chris Lee on January 12, 2008, in New Orleans, Louisiana, where she lives. With her husband, in 2002 she founded, then ran, a dive bar popular among artists and musicians, The Saint, in New Orleans's Garden District.

She began showing her photography in galleries in 2002. In 2006, she began a design line featuring wallpaper, pillows, scarves with her hand drawn graphics. Gallery shows include exhibitions in New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New Orleans. Yseult has also been a member of The Rawk Show – Fine Art by Musicians, in Texas among other shows. In 2018, Yseult debuted a photography exhibit, titled "They All Axed for You", at the Boyd Satellite Gallery in New Orleans.

title: Sean Yseult


text:
File:SAM Coupé Tetris.png

The SAM Coupé version of Tetris by David Gommeren. The picture in the background is of Nastassja Kinski from a 1987 advertisement for the fragrance Senso by Emanuel Ungaro.

title: File:SAM Coupé Tetris.png


text:
Magnet (musician)

Magnet is the pseudonym of Norwegian singer-songwriter Even Johansen (born 7 June 1970). To date, he has released five full-length studio albums as well as several singles and EPs. Johansen draws upon many influences, including folk, pop, and electronica. His albums are composed and produced solely by him, and he usually performs live sets on his own, using preset loops or creating them as he plays.

Biography
Even Johansen was born, raised, and resides in Bergen, Norway, but he has also lived just outside the southern Scottish town of Lockerbie, where he recorded his On Your Side album. Initially, Even was a founding member of the Norwegian rock bands Libido and Chocolate Overdose. During his involvement with Libido, Even conceived a series of songs he thought were inappropriate for the band. His first solo album, Quiet & Still, was released in 2000 under the alias Magnet (in the United States, the album was released under his real name). The name "Magnet" originated from when Even was a child with anemia; he was prescribed a special magnetic tattoo on his left shoulder so it could attract iron.

Magnet's second album On Your Side was released in June 2003 on Ultimate Dilemma to positive critical acclaim. The album features Magnet's duet with Irish singer-songwriter Gemma Hayes on a cover of Bob Dylan's "Lay Lady Lay", which was later featured in the 2005 film Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Following European and North American tour dates throughout 2003 and 2004, Magnet signed to Atlantic Records for his third album The Tourniquet, which was released in May 2005 to further positive acclaim. In 2006, he contributed several songs to the soundtrack of the video game Dreamfall: The Longest Journey. His fourth studio album, The Simple Life, followed in March 2007 on the Hermetix Recordings label, an imprint of Sony BMG.

Over the years, Even has toured with Phoenix, Engineers, Zero 7, Isobel Campbell, Gemma Hayes, Ed Harcourt, Stars, and Doves. Even also provided a remix of Doves' song "The Last Broadcast," which was featured on the bonus disc of their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation Lost Sides.

On 16 July 2011, Even posted a new single to his Myspace page entitled "Doldrum Days", and followed it with his fifth and latest album at that date on 2 December 2011. The album, Ferrofluid, was released in Norway through iTunes and other retailers.

Albums

 * Quiet & Still (10 October 2000)
 * On Your Side (23 June 2003)
 * The Tourniquet (30 May 2005)
 * The Simple Life (26 March 2007)
 * Ferrofluid (2 December 2011)

Singles/EPs

 * Where Happiness Lives EP (3 June 2002) (CD, 10")
 * "Where Happiness Lives"
 * "I'll Come Along"
 * "Heaviest Heart"
 * "Nothing Hurts Now"
 * Chasing Dreams EP (23 September 2002) (CD, 10")
 * "Chasing Dreams"
 * "Little Miss More or Less"
 * "Home Song"
 * "I'll Come Along" (Psychonauts Remix)
 * The Day We Left Town EP (21 April 2003) (CD)
 * "The Day We Left Town"
 * "Clean Slate"
 * "Dead Happy"
 * "The Big Black Moon"
 * "Last Day of Summer" single (24 November 2003) (12")
 * "Last Day of Summer"
 * "Last Day of Summer" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Vox Remix)
 * "Last Day of Summer" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Deep Dub)
 * "Lay Lady Lay" single (22 March 2004)
 * CD:
 * "Lay Lady Lay" (with Gemma Hayes) (Radio Edit)
 * "Wish Me Well"
 * "Last Day of Summer" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Vox Remix)
 * "Lay Lady Lay" (enhanced video)
 * 7" vinyl:
 * "Lay Lady Lay" (with Gemma Hayes)
 * "Clean Slate" (The Bees Remix Edit)
 * Minus EP (29 November 2004) (Norway-only CD)
 * "Let It Snow"
 * "Clean Slate"
 * "Heaviest Heart"
 * "Dead Happy"
 * "The Big Black Moon"
 * "Clean Slate" (The Bees Remix)
 * "Hold On" (15 August 2005)
 * UK double 7" set:
 * "Hold On"
 * "The Mute"
 * "The Pacemaker"
 * "Good Mourning"
 * US Tour EP CD:
 * "Hold On" (Radio Edit)
 * "The Mute"
 * "Good Mourning"
 * "Grinder"
 * "Hold On" (Metronomy Remix)
 * "Hold On" (Lindstrøm Remix)
 * "Fall at Your Feet" (5 December 2005)
 * CD:
 * "Fall at Your Feet" (Jack Joseph Puig Mix)
 * "This Bird Can Never Fly"
 * 7" vinyl:
 * "Fall at Your Feet"
 * "Hold On" (Metronomy Remix)
 * Dreamfall: The Longest Journey Soundtrack EP (5 April 2006)
 * "Be With You" (previously unreleased)
 * "My Darling Curse"
 * "The Pacemaker"
 * "Nothing Hurts Now"
 * "Lonely No More" (30 June 2008)
 * "Lonely No More"
 * "Pennydrop"
 * "1997"
 * "Selfhelper"
 * "Deja Vu" (13 September 2019)
 * Single track, digital download only

title: Magnet (musician)


text: User talk:68.52.95.114

title: User talk:68.52.95.114


text:
User:ManoaChild

I'm a computer programmer with a physics degree, specializing in scientific instrumentation. I'm particularly interested in open source operating systems, especially FreeBSD. I currently live in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Right now I'm mostly editing pages for attractions at Walt Disney World and tokusatsu shows. I plan on spending more time working on articles on Hawaii. I'm not planning on doing any work on computer or science articles (that's not fun), but I have been known to tweak some articles. I've been a long-time fan of WikiPedia, and have worked on other Wikis, but I've only started editing WikiPedia in July, 2005.

Some interests

 * Star Wars, Star Trek, Babylon 5, the Buffyverse, tokusatsu. and science fiction in general
 * Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
 * Ballroom Dance
 * Musicals
 * Cats
 * Aquariums and water gardens
 * Digital photography
 * Video games especially Nintendo
 * Puzzles, topics in mathematics (Gödel's Theorem, Transfinite numbers), and Cryptography
 * The Mac

I'm also a long-time usenet junkie.

Working On

 * Cranium Command
 * Impressions of France (Disney)
 * El Rio del Tiempo
 * O Canada! (Disney)
 * The Land (Disney)

Done Significant Work On

 * Epcot
 * Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort
 * Disney's Fort Wilderness Resort & Campground
 * Android Kikaider (1972)
 * Kamen Rider V3

Also many other Disney World articles.

Draft Articles

 * /Living with the Land (Disney) - Installed
 * /Impressions of France (Disney) - Installed

Searching for images

 * Journey Into Imagination
 * Figment
 * Horizons (Disney)
 * World of Motion
 * DINOSAUR
 * Kamen Rider V3

title: User:ManoaChild


text:
Ghoultown

Ghoultown is an American rock band from Dallas, Texas, formed in 1999. AllMusic describes the group's music as "punk rock, Western stylings, mariachi, and a dose of B-movie trappings." The band has released six studio albums to date, plus an EP and live album.

History
Formed in 1999 by vocalist/guitarist Count Lyle, previously of Solitude Aeturnus, Ghoultown recorded its first three-song EP, Boots of Hell, in October of the same year. Tracks from the EP were included on compilations including Gothabilly 2: Rockin' Necropolis, released by New York's Skully Records, for which the band performed at the release party at CBGB on Halloween 2000.

In early 2001, Ghoultown released their debut album, Tales from the Dead West, produced by Kol Marshall. In 2002, four of the band's songs were chosen for the soundtrack of the horror film American Nightmare, starring Debbie Rochon. The movie script was subsequently altered to include a cameo performance from Ghoultown, and the video for their track "Killer In Texas" was included as a bonus on the DVD.

In the spring of 2002, the band released their follow-up Give 'Em More Rope, and Angry Planet Records signed a licensing deal with Netherlands-based Corazong Records to release the band's U.S. catalog in Europe and Canada. The first Euro-Canadian release was a special edition of Tales from the Dead West, which also included tracks from the Boots of Hell EP. In the late summer, Ghoultown did a 35 date U.S. tour, which included performances at New York's CBGBs and The Garage in Los Angeles. The tour was concluded by a performance at Dragon Con in Atlanta.

In 2003, Ghoultown's signature tune "Killer In Texas" was featured in a short film called Headcheese, released on DVD with a movie called Freak. The band was on the road for the first half of 2003, touring the midwest and east coast, in addition to numerous shows in the Texas area. During this time, Ghoultown also recorded songs for two upcoming Jon Keeyes films, Slice of Life and Hallow's End, the latter also featuring a cameo appearance by the band.

In 2004, Ghoultown released a double-disc live set, Live From Texas!, on CD and DVD. In the same year, several of the band's gig posters were included in the Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines PC game.

October 2006 saw the release of the album Bury Them Deep, with a cover painted by illustrator Dan Brereton.

In 2008, Ghoultown released Skeleton Cowboys, a limited edition hand-numbered 7" vinyl single, and Life After Sundown, a full-length studio album (also featuring cover art by Brereton.

A new album, Ghost of the Southern Son, was released on March 15, 2017.

Band members
Current
 * Count Lyle – vocals, guitar
 * Jake Middlefinger – guitar
 * Lizard Lazario – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
 * Santi – bass, backing vocals
 * Dalton Black – drums
 * Randy Graham – trumpet

Former
 * Queeno DeVamps – bass
 * X-Ray Charles – drums
 * Dez Black – trumpet
 * J. Luis – trumpet
 * Lew Lazario – temporary acoustic guitar, backing vocals (during part of a tour Lizard could not attend)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Tales from the Dead West (2001)
 * Give 'Em More Rope (2002)
 * Bury Them Deep (2006)
 * Life After Sundown (2008)
 * Ghost of the Southern Son (2017)
 * Curse of Eldorado (2020)

Live albums
 * Live from Texas! (2004)

Compilation albums
 * The Unforgotten: Rare & Un-Released (2012)

EPs
 * Boots of Hell (1999)

Singles
 * "Skeleton Cowboys" (2008) (7" vinyl single; hand-numbered, limited to 400)
 * "Where Voodoo Sleeps" (2020)

Digibooks
 * Mistress of the Dark (2009) (Digibook CD/DVD feat. new Elvira theme song; limited to 2,000)

title: Ghoultown


text: Portal:Uganda/box-header

title: Portal:Uganda/box-header


text: Category:Toledo, Ohio

title: Category:Toledo, Ohio


text: Portal:Uganda

title: Portal:Uganda


text:
Bowen Field at Peters Park

Bowen Field at Peters Park is a stadium in Bluefield, Virginia, United States. Primarily used for baseball, it is the home field for Bluefield Ridge Runners of the summer collegiate Appalachian League and the Bluefield University Rams baseball team. It previously hosted the Bluefield Orioles and the Bluefield Blue Jays of Minor League Baseball from 1939 to 2020. It was built in 1939 during the Great Depression as a WPA project, and it was rebuilt in 1975 after a fire. It holds 3,000 people. Seats are from the Anaheim Stadium and were installed in 1990s.

The stadium is located in the city park of Bluefield, West Virginia, and is operated by the West Virginia city. However, the park straddles the Virginia–West Virginia state line, and Bowen Field lies completely on the Virginia side of the park.

The Blue Jays added "Peters Park" to the ballpark name in May 2017, in honor of a local Bluefield donor, Charles Peters.

title: Bowen Field at Peters Park


text:
Talk:Firing order

Alternative firing orders?
It would be nice to see some discussion on alternative firing orders for 4 cylinder engines. For instance, the 2009 Yamaha R1 (Motorcycle) uses a crossplane inline 4 cylinder crankshaft, which does not fire at even 90 degree intervals as is common in 4 cylinder engines. Likewise, MotoGP bikes sometimes use a 'big bang' firing order, which fires all the cylinders within 180 degrees of crank rotation.

Unfortunately, I don't understand the benefits of these firing orders well enough to make an intelligent addition to the wiki article. The best I could do is repeat some of the manufacturers claims.

Firing order is based on more than just ignition timing
In a gasoline engine, the correct firing order is obtained by the correct placement of the spark plug wires on the distributor. In a modern engine with an engine management system and direct ignition, the Engine Control Unit (ECU) takes care of the correct firing sequence. Especially on cars with distributors, the firing order is usually cast on engine somewhere, most often on the cylinder head, the intake manifold or the valve cover(s).

This information is incorrect. The firing order is also based on the position of the intake and exhaust lobes on the camshaft, and the position of the crankshaft. For instance, with a 1-3-2-4 firing order, you could swap the ignition leads for cylinders 1 & 4, or 3 & 2. This would cause spark to occur at the end of the exhaust stroke and the beginning of the intake stroke. Likewise, swapping ignition leads for cylinders 1 & 3, or 2 & 4 would cause ignition to occur at the beginning of the exhaust stroke. In either cause, I doubt the engine would run (very well?)

It *may* be possible to change the firing order by rotating the cams and switching the plug leads. I suspect doing so would be possible on an inline 4, but question weather or not it would be possible on a more complex engine, such as a V-12. Doing so would throw off injection timing on an engine with sequential injection. I suspect it would cause other issues as well.

Obviously, these comments do not necessarily apply to diesel engines.

There are atleast 3 cylinder numbering conventions for 90 degree V8s used in vehicles.
First some basics on orientation. The back of the engine is nearest the flywheel. The right bank is on your right if you're at the back of the engine looking toward the front of the engine. Put another way, for rear wheel drive vehicle in right hand side of road countries, eg. US and Canada, left bank is on the driver's side and the right bank is on the passenger's side.

Ford: Counting from front to back on the engine:

1 2 3 4 on right bank,

5 6 7 8 on left bank.

Chrysler and GM-Except NorthStar(tm): Counting front to back on the engine:

2 4 6 8 on right bank, 1 3 5 7 on left bank.

Northstar (GM): Counting front to back on the engine on the engine:

1 3 5 7 on right bank,

2 4 6 8 on left bank.

In V8 engines there is usually an offset between the front of the right bank compared to the front of the left bank about equal to the width of the lower part of the connecting rod. This is because piston/connecting rods assemblies are identical and share a common journal on the crankshaft between the banks. Hence there are only 4 journals on the crankshaft for connecting rods. In the Chrysler case: "1" and "2" share one journal, "3" and "4" share a journal, etc. Typically the cylinder nearest the front of the engine is numbered cylinder "1".

In the Chrysler case the left bank is nearest the front of the engine. Hence cylinder "1" is on the left side of the engine. When the Northstar engine was designed it was determine that some space would be saved if the right bank was moved ahead of the left bank. Consequently the apparent flip, left to right, of the cylinder numbering.

These differences in numbering conventions gives rise to differences in the "firing order". As expected, the actual design of the crank shaft also affects the firing order.

 * These numberings are IRRELEVANT without a list of the numbering pattern of the cylinders For example, the GM LS1 example has the exact same firing pattern as all Ford V8s (post 1988), the only thing that differs, is the cylinder numbering. 192.197.71.189 14:05, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Your Ford/GM/Chrysler numbering is backward. The left back is the left side, when you are standing in FRONT of the car 192.197.71.189 14:24, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Great! Now incorporate this into the article... MH 21:25, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

There was an interesting development in V-8 firing orders in the late '60's. Ford's Windsor class engines--302W and 351W--have different firing orders. Ford reversed the position of the #2 and #3 crankpins location when they built the 351W. Why? They observed that the firing order used on the 302W caused unacceptably high peak stresses at the #3 and #4 crankpins and #4 main bearing when using that sequence. Reversing those two crankpins (and the resulting change in firing order) cured the problem. The two engines appear externally identical to the untrained eye and this has caused lots of camshaft replacement calamities through the years by careless rebuilders. GM subsequently followed this practice on their latest rendition of the "Big Block" Chevrolet-based engine curing a number of problems. The Ford "385" series engines--the "C" or Cleveland, and the "M" or Modified Cleveland, in all displacements (302 Boss, 351M & C and 400M) all used the same firing order as the little 302W. They were structurally much larger, beefier (and heavier) engines. Leading bank issues are design significant. It greatly affects intake manifold flow design. Ford engines traditionally have a right-bank leading setup as do the Buick, Olds, Pontiac and Cadillac engines. The Chevrolet Small Block, and all Chrysler and AMC engines used a left bank leading design. Ford, alone among the above, numbers 1-2-3-4--right bank, and 5-6-7-8--left bank. The others use a 1-3-5-7--left bank (etc.) sequence. Claude764 (talk) 02:12, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

V-12
If you had a 12 cylinder 4 stroke engine how can you determine how many degrees apart the firing intervals are,

 * A complete cycle for a 4 stroke engine is two revolutions of the crank, or 720 degrees. Simply divide 720 by the number of cylinders to find the spacing. A 12 cylinder engine would have 720/12=60 degrees of crank rotation between each cylinder firing. There are some (mainly two-cylinder motorcycle) engines and V8-derived V6 car engines that use an irregular spacing but for an automobile engine this formula is usually accurate. Rpvdk (talk) 10:18, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Clarity on Directions
The section on cylinder numbering isn't very clear about its directional relativity. For example, when it says "left", is it left as viewed from standing in front of the car, looking at it, or left from sitting inside the car, looking out straight ahead?

For example, when standing in front of a car, looking at it, the steering wheel is on the left in Australia, but right in America, while, sitting inside the car, the steering wheel is on the right in Australia, but left in America.

This is where the confusion arises, and I think it should be clarified.

203.122.107.112 (talk) 14:07, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I've added a section explaining left/right as they are generally used in the automobile industry, and removed the superfluous left/right references elsewhere. I think this will make the article more readable. Rpvdk (talk) 10:18, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The article makes more sense now with the explanation. I personally find directions like that a bit confusing, though, because we look into engine bays by standing in front of the car, not by being inside the car. The directions are opposite in the two cases, of course. For example, if a mechanic was working on a transverse-engined car, the pulleys would be on their left, but to a driver they're on the right. Since the article is about cars technically, I tend to have the mechanic's perspective. Just my opinion, though. 203.122.107.112 (talk) 10:50, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That's the problem with left and right, it's all relative :) . I think this is one reason ships use "port" and "starboard" but that terminology never caught on for cars (it is used for aircraft sometimes). Anyway, most automotive technical manuals and parts books I've seen use left/right always as seen from the driver's seat; that way, the right front wheel is always the same one no matter where you stand :D Rpvdk (talk) 19:42, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

inline 6 firing order
hey, i'm really courius about inline 6 firing order, so they would get balance. can someone tell me, please. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123xyz321 (talk • contribs) 11:20, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Cylinder numbering for V6 and V12 engines
The section about cylinder numbering talks mainly about V8 engines, and doesn't mention cylinder numbering for V6 and V12 engines. The firing orders are pretty meaningles without cylinder numbering. Could anyone include the cylinder numbering for V6 and V12 engines to improve the quality of the article, so that the firing orders can be "applied". 203.33.160.179 (talk) 04:06, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The V8 is used as an example. The cylinder numbering schemes discussed apply to to V6 and V12 engines as well. I know GM usually uses the "odd on one side, even on the other" scheme but manufacturers have been known to use different schemes for some of their engines. Sadly there is no 'one size fits all' rule here. Rpvdk (talk) 10:21, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Proton Wira engine
I have removed the firing order 1-2-3-4 assigned to the Proton Wira VDO engine. This car uses the Mitsubishi Orion engine 4G13 or 4G15, which has a standard 180 degrees planar crank. Hence 1-2-3-4 makes no sense. I expect it comes from their V6, which has a firing order 1-2-3-4-5-6. http://www.ben9166.com/2011/08/4g134g15-17l-crank-shaft-stroker-kit.html Mike163 (talk) 20:25, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Crossplane V8 has even firing order, it is uneven only within each cylinder bank
This part of the article would need correction:
 * (with the exception of the Crossplane crankshaft, which has an uneven firing order, found in most V8s and in very few Inline 4s, such as the Yamaha YZF-R1, and due to the 90° crankshaft arrangement rather than the 180° flat-plane crank, it causes the engine to have more rocking but less vibration than a flat-plane crank and thus no additional balance shaft is necessary)

Actually a 90° crossplane V8 has even firing interval, it is just within each cylinder bank that it has uneven firing: Crossplane

Cse78 (talk) 22:56, 10 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Agreed, and I would go further and suggest it doesn't make much sense to comment on the specific balance issues of one engine and ignore all others. A crossplane V8 has noticeably more crank vibration than a flat-plane precisely because of the uneven firing within banks (and also because of the start-stop motion of the pistons, which only matters in cases of "large" inertial forces i.e. high reciprocating mass or high engine speed), hence the torsional dampers fitted to them for decades and the endless tinkering with firing orders in that same period (irrespective of cylinder numbering differences).  Contrast with the flatplane which rarely has vibration dampers and in recent times has almost universally had just the one firing order.

 * I suggest the sentence be removed altogether; engine balance is mentioned and linked to in the opening paragraph, although it's not made clear how firing order is affected by balance considerations and vice-versa, but such things require an exploration of a good deal of the possibility space in order to be clear. Identiti crisis (talk) 23:43, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Incorrect entries on uneven and even firing lists
Some of the engines listed in the uneven firing list are even firing or have even firing variants; vice-versa for the even firing list.

Uneven:

 * "Audi V10 FSI" - only some variants are uneven firing (Audi R8 / Gallardo); also links to Lamborghini_V10, but that page clearly states the early 5.0 variant in the first Gallardo was even-firing, also:.
 * "GM Vortec 3500 Inline 5" - This engine in various applications sounds even firing (e.g. ), and there is not normally any benefit to uneven firing with this configuration (Honda's RC149, a 5-cylinder GP bike from the '60s, was uneven firing - effectively a straight six with one of the middle cylinders removed - but they revved to around 20 000 rpm, which is something of a different league in inertial terms).
 * "Mercedes-AMG V12s" - making a 60 degree V12 uneven-firing takes special attention that has detrimental crankshaft design aspects (split pins) and potential smoothness issues.
 * "Aston Martin 6.0L V12" - Another 60 degree engine.
 * "Chevrolet straight-6 engines" - Four stroke straight sixes were conceived as the mirrored / opposed pairing of three sets of two cylinders, much as the standard inline four is two pairs of two cylinders, purely for balance (specifically: no rocking couple). There is no way to get uneven firing with such a crankshaft.
 * Actually, that isn't true. You could fire e.g. 1 and 6 simultaneously and then proceed with the rest of the order as normal, skipping 6 when you otherwise would have arrived at it (1&6,5,3,[ ],2,4); there are numerous such possibilities. Quite why you would do this, I don't know. Identiti crisis (talk) 09:42, 1 December 2015 (UTC)

Even:

 * "all Ferrari production engines" - all Ferrari V12s since 1992 have been 65° blocks (Ferrari_F116/F133_engine) with common-pin cranks . They are therefore uneven firing.

I'll link the disputed entries to here. Identiti crisis (talk) 23:43, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Corrected, this was obviously wrong. Dovatf (talk) 22:06, 25 January 2016 (UTC)

Flat 4 Firing Orders
The firing orders 1-3-4-2 and 1-2-4-3 appear to be essentially the same, just in reverse order. If we extend the sequence 1-2-4-3-1-2-4-3, we can extrapolate that 1-2-4-3 is identical to 2-4-3-1. If we reverse 2-4-3-1, we get 1-3-4-2. By extension, and taking into account (as mentioned elsewhere) that there's no clarity on left on right, I suggest that 1-3-4-2 and 1-2-4-3 are exactly the same. InfoPirate (talk) 20:43, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Firing order


text: Portal:Uganda/box-footer

title: Portal:Uganda/box-footer