text:
Outlook, Saskatchewan

Outlook is a town in west central Saskatchewan, Canada about 80 km south-southwest of Saskatoon. It is located along the South Saskatchewan River, downstream from Gardiner Dam and the Coteau Creek Hydroelectric Station.

History
Settlement began in the early 1900s with farmers and immigrants moving into the area looking for farmland. Outlook officially started as a settlement on August 26, 1908 when the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) commenced the auction of lots.

On November 23, 1908 the citizens of Outlook welcomed the first train which arrived from Moose Jaw. Within the month the CPR was running a tri-weekly train service carrying huge piles of lumber, however the supply of workers and materials was far outweighed by the demand for more buildings. The Outlook CPR Station building was built in 1909 and a year later, on November 1, 1910, Outlook was officially declared a town. In 1912 the Skytrail bridge crossing the South Saskatchewan River was finished, allowing both passenger and commercial traffic to cross the river in the area for the first time without using the ferry.

In 1910, a fire broke out in the hardware store in town, spreading rapidly and eventually grew to the size of a city block.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Outlook had a population of $2,336$ living in $1,001$ of its $1,055$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $2,279$. With a land area of 8.34 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Arts and culture
Outlook's arts program includes the Equinox Theatre, a community theatre group that puts on one to two productions a year. They have put on such productions such as Anne of Green Gables and The Little Mermaid. In the past, the group would work in Conjunction with the LCBI theatre group.

The Outlook and District Community Arts Council opened an art gallery in the Town Office Building.

Attractions

 * Outlook & District Regional Park (51.4834°N, -107.0673°W) is a 100-acre park situated along the South Saskatchewan River adjacent to the town. It was founded in 1961 and has 50 electrified campsites, an outdoor heated junior size Olympic swimming pool and paddling pool for toddlers, hiking trails and the 9-hole Riverview Golf Course.  The golf course was built in 1972 and has grass greens, is a par 36, and a total of 3,118 yards.
 * The Skytrail Bridge is an old railway bridge, converted for pedestrian use; it is 3,000 feet long and stands 156 ft above the South Saskatchewan River. The Skytrail bridge has been closed to the public since 2013 due to unsafe conditions.
 * Outlook railway station building is home to the Outlook & District Heritage Museum The museum has over 2,500 artifacts from the Outlook area. Some of the highlights include:
 * a caboose
 * an arrowhead and stone tool collection
 * an old holding cell from the Broderick train station
 * an antique wood stove
 * a collection of over 400 salt & pepper shakers
 * antique hospital equipment donated by the Outlook Union Hospital
 * the original printing press from Outlook Printers
 * the proposed model plan of Gardiner Dam and Lake Diefenbaker
 * original artwork by acclaimed artist Arthur Evoy who was born in Outlook
 * The Canada Saskatchewan Irrigation Diversification Centre, a research facility located on the outskirts of town, tests different crops, diseases, chemicals under dryland and irrigation. The centre has many tours during the summer as well as a field day in July.

Climate
Outlook has a humid continental climate (Dfb). The highest temperature ever recorded in Outlook was 41.1 C on June 16, 1933 and July 4, 1937. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -52.2 C on February 25, 1919.

Sports
The Outlook Recreation Complex has a skating rink, a 4-sheet curling rink, a bowling alley, and an indoor archery range. Adjacent are five baseball diamonds. As of 2021, The Outlook Recreation Complex also offers a multi-sport court in the summer months, including basketball, pickleball, shuffleboard, volleyball, badminton, lacrosse, floor hockey, and tennis.

The Jim Kook Arena in the Complex is home to many sports programs throughout the year, including the Outlook Minor Sports program. It is home to the Outlook Ice Hawks senior hockey team.

The Outlook Stock Car Association maintains a stock car 1/3 mile high banked clay oval track. The track runs 10 or more races a season.

Infrastructure

 * Outlook Airport used to be located South East of Outlook. It was closed in 2019.
 * Outlook used to have an award-winning recycling program. The Town of Outlook has recycled nearly three million lbs of cardboard as of 2003, and nearly 2 million lbs of newspaper. During 2019, the local program was scrapped for Loraas pickup based in Saskatoon due to high costs.

Education
Outlook is located within the Sun West School Division.
 * Outlook High School - a public school offering grades 6–12 which also houses the Wheatland Library Outlook Branch. Outlook High School is home to the Blues athletics program, which includes football, volleyball, basketball, badminton, curling and cross-country.
 * Outlook Elementary School is a public school offering grades K–5.
 * Lutheran Collegiate Bible Institute is a fully-accredited high school offering grades 9–12, with residences for 120 students.

Notable people

 * William Thompson Badger (1884–1926) – mayor of Outlook; politician and farmer
 * Charles Francis Bolton (born 1932) – neurologist
 * Pete Ferry (1914–1971) – curler
 * Marcia Kilgore (born 1968) – beauty industry entrepreneur
 * Brock Myrol (1975–2005) – one of the four Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables killed in the Mayerthorpe tragedy
 * Kirk Reynolds (born 1974) – Olympic sports shooter
 * Samantha Ridgewell (born 1996) – professional ice hockey goaltender
 * Don Saxton (born 1956) – Olympic volleyball player
 * Bob Stephenson (born 1954) – mayor of Outlook; politician and professional ice hockey player
 * Logan Stephenson (born 1986) – professional ice hockey player
 * Shay Stephenson (born 1983) – professional ice hockey player

title: Outlook, Saskatchewan


text:
Helsby

Helsby is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Overlooking the Mersey estuary, it is approximately 9 mi north east of Chester and 2.5 mi south west of Frodsham.

In the 2001 census the civil parish of Helsby had a population of 4,701. By the 2011 census this had risen to 4,972.

Geography
The village is situated on the A56 main road between Chester and Runcorn. The neighbouring settlements are Dunham-on-the-Hill, Frodsham, Elton and Alvanley. Helsby is a semi-rural village, with a few dairy and arable farms, but is also in close proximity to a number of industrial plants around the Mersey estuary including the Essar Stanlow Oil Refinery, the Encirc glass bottle manufacturing plant, the Kemira fertiliser plant on Ince Marshes and the Ineos Chlor chemical manufacturing site and power station at Rocksavage. There are few jobs in Helsby itself. The Tesco supermarket is one of the biggest employers in Helsby. The village is popular with commuters as a residential area, due to its links to the M56 motorway and rail networks.

History
On Helsby Hill, the remains of a promontory hillfort, 1.9ha in area, have been excavated. A buried soil was found under the hillfort containing fossilised pollen dating to the late Mesolithic to early Neolithic, between 7000 and 3001BC. Further evidence suggests a burning episode dating to the early Neolithic occupation or woodland clearance dating to 4000BC to 2351 BC.

The bivallate hillfort is protected on the south and east by two parallel ramparts and an unusual type of inturned entrance 11 yards (10 m) wide. There were three phases of hillfort construction at Helsby. The first stone rampart was constructed in the middle to late Bronze Age (1250-1050 cal BC) and consisted of a bank with a well-dressed outer face of sandstone blocks and an irregular inner face, which was built on a slight batter; it was approximately 4 yards (3.5m) wide. A socketed bronze axe was found at Helsby in 1925. This was followed by a series of colluvial deposits against the internal face of the stone rampart that formed the second phase of activity. The third and final phase was the re-building of the rampart in the post-Roman period, dating as late as 530 AD suggesting early Saxon re-occupation of the hillfort.

Helsby was located on the strategically important Roman road between Chester and Wilderspool near Warrington. The road existed between c. 79–410 AD to link the garrison of Deva to Wilderspool, which produced pottery that supplied the north west of England. The Roman road passed at the foot of Helsby Hill probably following the route of Old Chester Road. On the top of the hill a Roman bronze sestertius of the emperor Tiberius minted in Rome in AD22 was found and just off Vicarage Lane in 1958, an uninscribed Roman altar of red sandstone was discovered with a carved jug on one side and an axe and knife on the other.

The first known settlers of Helsby were the Vikings in the 10th century. In fact, the name 'Helsby' is likely to be derived from the Viking name Hjallr-by, meaning "the village on the edge" (placenames with the suffix "by" often denote Viking/Danish origins, e.g. Derby, Grimsby, Whitby, etc.). However, Old Norse suggests that Hjalli means edge and Hjallr means constructed platform or scaffold.

The village was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the Norman name of Hellesbe. The Manor of Helsby was owned by a series of aristocratic landowners, most recently the Marquess of Cholmondeley.

In the 13th century Helsby was deemed a demesne manor under the lordship of Dunham-on-the-Hill, by a family called Hellesby. Later it passed to Thornton and then to Frodsham. The earliest mention of the original, timber Old Hall, was in a contract for the construction of additional work in stone in the mid 15th century. The wooden part of the hall perished in a fire in the 16th century when it was leased to one of the Hatons of Helsby. The later hall probably derived its name from its proximity to the older site. It was built of brick at the end of the 18th century and was used as a farmhouse.

Helsby Hill was the location of a rare public execution when William Henry Clarke was hung in chains on 21 April 1791 after being convicted of robbing the Warrington Mail.

Community
A Methodist church was established in 1800, seventy years before the Anglican church was built in 1870. Helsby is home to two primary schools (Helsby Hillside and Hornsmill) that serve the east and west of the village respectively, with the former being in close proximity to one of the most successful secondary schools in Cheshire for the 2018/2019 academic year: Helsby High School.

The village was once home to many pubs, the majority of which were adjacent to the A56 road. In the centre of the village, the Railway Inn currently offers Greenalls cask ale and is frequently host to live music.

Two other pubs, the Robin Hood and the Horse & Jockey, were acquired by developers for conversion to residential properties. On 23 September 2011, the Robin Hood pub caught fire, causing roads to be closed throughout the village for some hours, and subsequently the building(s) were demolished. The Horse & Jockey was demolished in 2019 and a housing development has been built. The pub sign is to be displayed in the local community centre.

On the western edge of the village is the Horns Mill (formerly the Helsby Arms and before that the Brown Cow), a pub and restaurant that has changed hands on several occasions during recent years, and also closed down briefly, but reopened in January 2014.

The village has been in the press for its hugely successful community Christmas event, Ho Ho Helsby, which was held for the second time on 2 December 2017. There was an estimated attendance of 2,500 people enjoying artisan stalls, ice skating, reindeer, live music from local musicians on stage all day and a twilight procession of floats featuring local schools, community groups and businesses. The village is known for its community spirit, epitomised in the fund raising efforts for Ho Ho Helsby which is entirely voluntary, as well as knitted angels which are hidden around the village in the run up to Christmas Day. The village also has its own craft beer, Ho Ho Helsbeer, brewed in a brewery less than two miles away.

Behind the Railway Inn is the Courtyard, Helsby, a development of holiday cottages in period barn conversions offering a place to stay in the village, close to the North Cheshire Way footpath. There is also "Homestead Boutique Cottages" offering accommodation on Lower Robin Hood Lane.

Railway services
The railway came to Helsby in 1850, with the construction of the line between Chester and Warrington. Helsby railway station has won awards as one of the best kept unmanned stations in the UK. The signal box at Helsby Junction is still operated manually. Services are operated at approximately hourly intervals by Transport for Wales to Manchester Piccadilly and in the other direction to Chester and Llandudno. There is also a regular Transport For Wales service connecting Helsby from Chester to Liverpool Lime Street during the day and early evening as of 2024. The village had another railway station, Helsby and Alvanley railway station, which is closed.

There is also a minimal (Parliamentary) service operated by Northern to neighbouring Ince & Elton and Stanlow & Thornton with trains terminating at Ellesmere Port where a connection is made with the Merseyrail electric service to Liverpool.

Bus services
There are frequent bus links: X30 (Warrington to Chester), and X2 (Runcorn to Ellesmere Port). All these run Monday to Saturday only.

Industry and economy
The factory site at the western end of the village has been for many years the main source of employment in the village. Originally built in 1884 by the Telegraph Manufacturing Company as the Britannia Telegraph Works, it manufactured telegraph and telephone cables. Early advertisements for cable hands specified that he "must be a good cricketer"! The company was taken over by the Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Company and the telephone equipment and instrument manufacturing sections moved to Liverpool in 1892. The cable works was more recently owned by BICC to make electronic cables. At peak employing 5,000 people, the number of workers declined from the Second World War. The decline continued following a series of redundancy initiatives started in 1970, and the site eventually closed in 2002. The site was then redeveloped for retail, light industrial and residential purposes. The first completed development on the site was a Tesco supermarket, which opened in September 2005. In 2005 cable manufacturing returned to Helsby when Heat Trace Limited, a British specialist cable manufacturer, took over one of the last remaining industrial buildings on the site to expand their operations, taking advantage of the existence of the electron beaming unit on the site for the irradiation of their specialist heating cables.

North west of Helsby, near the village of Ince, landowners The Peel Group are developing a 54 ha industrial site on marshland. In 2009 a public inquiry gave permission to build a biomass power station, which opened in 2018 as part of the Protos "energy and resource hub". The site also houses a timber recycling plant and designated "nature areas". The construction of a facility to recover energy from non-recyclable waste began in 2020.

Helsby Hill

The village sits at the foot of a wooded sandstone hill 463 ft above sea level. Helsby Hill has steep cliffs on the northern and western sides and is a prominent landmark rising above the Cheshire Plain and overlooking the Mersey estuary. Much of the hill is owned and managed by the National Trust. It is the site of Helsby hill fort, an ancient British hillfort, and more recently acquired a concrete pillar trig point on its summit. The top of the hill also has a former Royal Observer Corps post, which was abandoned in 1992. Visitors who see Helsby Hill from the M56 or on the train can sometimes see a man's face within the cliff face from east, west and sometimes from the north. This is referred to as the "Old Man of Helsby".

Numerous footpaths, running from the public roads encircling the hill, give ready access for walkers. One such path, known as Hill Road, runs through a large sandstone cutting, which was the route of a railway in the Second World War. The hilltop offers views of the Welsh hills and, on exceptionally clear days, Snowdon. The landmarks of Liverpool can clearly be seen beyond the Helsby marshes, Stanlow Oil Refinery, the Kemira fertiliser plant and the Manchester Ship Canal. Also on very clear days, visitors can see across Lancashire, past Bolton, to Winter Hill with its TV Mast. The view looking back is not as diverse, but the Peckforton Hills and Beeston Castle can be discerned.
 * Access to hill

The craggy face of the hill provides many routes for rock climbers at a range of grades from easy climbs suitable for beginners (some of which do not require ropes), to challenging climbs up to a grade 6c. The cliff is also split into two lateral sections. The main face is easily accessible from the ground. At the top is a large grassy area, followed by an easily accessible 10-foot (or thereabouts) cliff to the summit, which is excellent for bouldering. Despite its often slimy appearance, the cliff's sandstone composition means it dries out quickly after rain, and, after several accidents, several large metal spikes were placed at the top of the main cliff for top-rope climbing that offer extra safety for climbers worried about the sandstone's crumbly nature. Two quarries in Harmers Wood, southwest of Helsby Hill, feature over sixty climbs of varying difficulty.
 * Rock climbing

Mountskill Quarry
Sandstone was extracted from a working quarry from the early 19th century until the 1920s. Much of the stone was transported by ferry to Liverpool and Birkenhead, where several buildings, including the Customs House near Canning Dock, were built of Helsby stone. The quarry originally had its own dedicated horse-drawn tramway link to Ince Pier. After stone production ceased, it was not until the late 1980s that an alternative use was found for the site and in the intervening decades the derelict site was used as a tip by local residents. The site was acquired by the former Vale Royal Borough Council in 1988 and transformed into a woodland park, which was opened in 1990. 'Helsby Quarry Woodland Park' is now managed by Cheshire West and Chester Council. It contains a range of trees including oak, sycamore, rowan, silver birch, willow and beech—some of which grew naturally during the site's period of dereliction, and some of which were planted specifically in preparing the woodland park. The woodland and grassland are inhabited by many animal and bird species. Aside from the wildlife, the geology of the site is one of its most significant features and it is designated a Regionally Important Geological Site. The site features exposed rock walls and a tunnel, which enable sandstone formations from the Triassic period (251–199 million years ago) to be viewed.

Notable people

 * J. Slater Lewis MICE FRSE (1852 in Rake House, Helsby – 1901) a British engineer, inventor, business manager and early author on management and accounting, known for his pioneering work on cost accounting.
 * Ted Oldfield (1918 in Helsby – 2006) an English footballer who played at right-half for Port Vale
 * Heathcote Williams (1941 in Helsby – 2017) an English poet, actor, political activist and dramatist

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Helsby


text:
Talk:ADSI

Changing "Microsoft" to "you-know-who"?? I fail to see the academic worth of such a change; reverted to previous version. --Julien Deveraux 19:33, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:ADSI


text:
User talk:Ben Lunsford

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! —Preceding unsigned comment added by ZeWrestler (talk • contribs) 15:33, July 22, 2005
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Crotalus atrox pic
Hi Ben, I saw the new image that you added to the Crotalus atrox article, but I'm not sure it's of the correct species. Have you noticed those paravertabral stripes down its neck? That's more typical of the the C. durissus complex (which includes C. simus). However, considering the light coloration, this one looks to me more like an example of C. basiliscus (of which I can show you some more examples later). If it is actually an albino, it's not a true albino because it still has come scale/skin pigment and its eyes aren't red. --Jwinius (talk) 14:24, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Hello, you are right... it looks like I misidentified this rattlesnake after I took its picture! You were right with your first suggestion, it is a Crotalus durissus after all, and the subspecies is C. d. unicolor.  Here is another pic of the very same snake that I found on Flickr where it is labeled as an Aruba Island rattlesnake. I will re-upload the same pic with the new name. Thank you! Ben Lunsford (talk) 17:57, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Images at United States
Regarding this, I very much agree with you that the current drab image needs replacement (telephone wires? really?). I plan on getting out to find a church somewhat similar to the one currently used in the article to replace it (they like the look of the simple building with the expected steeple, most likely not in a city). Care to take on the challenge too?

Though based on this edit summary, it seems we're breaking it down to sects of Protestantism and if that's the case—if I'm not mistaken—Catholics are more numerous than any other sects in the US (based on this and this); based on that, I'd say the church should be Catholic, no? This also needs replacement (desperately). If you have a place near you that is similar (the point being that there are a number of different American-style eateries placed together), that would be awesome. Plus if you're in CA, we won't add to that eastern bias (I'm in NY) ;-). I can think of one place locally that could work, but I'd rather replace the CA image with another CA image. ~  ωαdεstεr 16  «talkstalk» 05:19, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:Aav.jpg
File:Aav.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:Aav.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:16, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Talkback
I feel that your edits are horribly inappropriate, and have replied at the talk page. As the original deleter, you should be the one to initiate discussion, per WP:BRD, rather than reverting to your preferred version, which did not pass the featured content review, and saying that other editors should discuss. — KV5  •  Talk  •  15:42, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Hi, the article is about pennant winners. I'm being bold and editing it to reflect that... sorry if you felt this is inappropriate, but this is what the article is about after all. Ben Lunsford (talk) 15:48, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I know what the article is about. I wrote it, after all. I've responded with my concerns at the talk page. — KV5  •  Talk  •  16:05, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Just remember, after you write something on Wikipedia, you no longer have any more rights to control the direction of the content than any other editor. See Article_ownership. Ben Lunsford (talk) 16:08, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * You don't need to tell me about article ownership. It's not like I don't understand the concept. I never said I controlled the content, and to say so is misleading. All I said is that I wrote the article, which is true. — KV5  •  Talk  •  16:43, 28 October 2010 (UTC)
 * No worries. Ben Lunsford (talk) 16:54, 28 October 2010 (UTC)

Non-Free rationale for File:Lovers.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:Lovers.jpg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under Non-Free content criteria but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page and edit it to include a Non-Free rationale.

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E-410 listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect E-410. Since you had some involvement with the E-410 redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion (if you have not already done so).  — PinkAmpers  &  ( Je vous invite à me parler )  19:52, 3 December 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:05, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Woody Hayes.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Woody Hayes.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this file on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the file description page and adding or clarifying the reason why the file qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your file is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for files used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

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A kitten for you!
Eu amo gatinhos!

Mzeimih3 (talk) 09:24, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ben Lunsford


text:
Talk:Microwave meal

Should this be merged into TV dinner? This article lists TV dinner as a synonym, and the TV dinner article mentions microwaveable TV dinners at the end. Nightwatch 19:34, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I believe that this should all really be under the term Ready Meal. Most Ready Meals can be cooked in conventional ovens as well as microwaves, so i believe the broader term should therefore be used.

The "Britain is the ready-meal glutton of Europe" link should be removed. When I clicked it, I got a 404 error. --Drax 05:45, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Merging would be the best option in my mind, as mentioned earlier, TV Dinner is synonomous with frozen food.

title: Talk:Microwave meal


text:
User talk:Gamingexpert

Welcome!

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June 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Julia Gillard, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you.(Huey45 (talk) 05:26, 30 June 2010 (UTC))

The Right Stuff: September 2011
  September 2011

FROM THE EDITOR

An Historic Milestone

 By Lionelt Welcome to the inaugural issue of The Right Stuff, the newsletter of WikiProject Conservatism. The Project has developed at a breakneck speed since it was created on February 12, 2011 with the edit summary, "Let's roll!" With over 50 members the need for a project newsletter is enormous. With over 3000 articles to watch, an active talk page and numerous critical discussions spread over various noticeboards, it has become increasingly difficult to manage the information overload. The goal of The Right Stuff is to help you keep up with the changing landscape.

The Right Stuff is a newsletter consisting of original reporting. Writers will use a byline to "sign" their contributions. Just as with The Signpost, "guidelines such as 'no ownership of articles', and particularly 'no original research', will not necessarily apply."

WikiProject Conservatism has a bright future ahead: this newsletter will allow us tell the story. All that's left to say is: "Let's roll!"

PROJECT NEWS

New Style Guide Unveiled

 By Lionelt A new style guide to help standardize editing was rolled out. It focuses on concepts, people and organizations from a conservatism perspective. The guide features detailed article layouts for several types of articles. You can help improve it here. The Project's Article Collaboration currently has two nominations, but they don't appear to be generating much interest. You can get involved with the Collaboration here.

I am pleased to report that we have two new members: Rjensen and Soonersfan168. Rjensen is a professional historian and has access to JSTOR. Soonersfan168 says he is a "young conservative who desires to improve Wikipedia!" Unfortunately we will be seeing less of Geofferybard, as he has announced his semi-retirement. We wish him well. Be sure to stop by their talk pages and drop off some Wikilove.

-

ARTICLE REPORT

3,000th Article Tagged

 By Lionelt On August 3rd Peter Oborne, a British journalist, became the Project's 3,000th tagged article. It is a tribute to the membership that we have come this far this quickly. The latest Featured Article is Richard Nixon. Our congratulations to Wehwalt for a job well done. The article with the most page views was Rick Perry with 887,389 views, not surprising considering he announced he was running for president on August 11th. Follwing Perry were Michele Bachmann and Tea Party movement. The Project was ranked 75th based on total edits, which is up from 105th in July. The article with the most edits was Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2012 with 374 edits. An RFC regarding candidate inclusion criteria generated much interest on the talk page.

Political positions Palin
Hi Gamingexpert! I noticed at WPConservatism you mentioned that you are the primary editor here. Have you considered putting the article up for Good Article? – Lionel (talk) 06:26, 1 October 2011 (UTC) – Lionel (talk) 02:29, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

The Right Stuff: October 2011
  October 2011

INTERVIEW

An Interview with Dank

 By Lionelt

The Right Stuff caught up with Dank, the recently elected Lead Coordinator of WikiProject Military History. MILHIST is considered by many to be one of the most successful projects in the English Wikipedia.

Q: Tell us a little about yourself. A: I'm Dan, a Wikipedian since 2007, from North Carolina. I started out with an interest in history, robotics, style guidelines, and copyediting. These days, I'm the lead coordinator for the Military History Project and a reviewer of Featured Article Candidates. I've been an administrator and maintained WP:Update, a summary of policy changes, since 2008.

Q: What is your experience with WikiProjects? A: I guess I'm most familiar with WP:MILHIST and WP:SHIPS, and I'm trying to get up to speed at WP:AVIATION. I've probably talked with members of most of the wikiprojects at one time or another.

Q: What makes a WikiProject successful? A: A lot of occasional contributors who think of the project as fun rather than work, a fair number of people willing to write or review articles, a small core of like-minded people who are dedicated to building and maintaining the project, and access to at least a few people who are familiar with reviewing standards and with Wikipedia policies and guidelines.

Q: Do you have any tips for increasing membership? A: Aim for a consistent, helpful and professional image. Let people know what the project is doing and what they could be doing, but don't push.

 If you've got a core group interested in building a wikiproject, it helps if they do more listening than talking at first ... find out what people are trying to do, and offer them help with whatever it is. Some wikiprojects build membership by helping people get articles through the review processes. -
 DISCUSSION REPORT

Abortion Case Plods Along

By Lionelt The arbitration request submitted by Steven Zhang moved into its second month. The case, which evaluates user conduct, arose from contentious discussions regarding the naming of the Pro-life and Pro-choice articles, and a related issue pertaining to the inclusion of "death" in the lede of Abortion. A number of members are involved. On the Evidence page ArtifexMahem posted a table indicating that DMSBel made the most edits to the Abortion article. DMSBel has announced their semi-retirement. Fact finding regarding individual editor behavior has begun in earnest on theWorkshop page. Last month it was decided that due to the success of the new Dispute Resolution Noticeboard the Content Noticeboard would be shut down. Wikiquette Assistance will remain active. The DRN is primarily intended to resolve content disputes.

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PROJECT NEWS

Article Incubator Launched

 By Lionelt Was your article deleted in spite of your best efforts to save it? You should consider having a copy restored to the Incubator where project members can help improve it. Upon meeting content criteria, articles are graduated to mainspace. The Incubator is also ideal for collaborating on new article drafts. Star Parker is the first addition to the incubator. The article was deleted per WP:POLITICIAN. WikiProject Conservatism is expanding. We now have a satellite on Commons. Any help in categorizing images or in getting the fledgling project off the ground is appreciated. We have a few new members who joined the project in September. Please give a hearty welcome to Conservative Philosopher, Screwball23 and Regushee by showing them some Wikilove. Screwball23 has been on WikiPedia for five years and has made major improvements to Linda McMahon. Regushee is not one for idle chit chat: an amazing 93% of their edits are in article space.

The Right Stuff: November 2011

PROJECT NEWS

WikiProject Conservatism faces the ultimate test

 By Lionelt On October 7, WikiProject Conservatism was nominated for deletion by member Binksternet. He based his rationale on what he described as an undefinable scope, stating that the project is "at its root undesirable". Of the 40 participants in the discussion, some agreed that the scope was problematic; however, they felt it did not justify deletion of the project. A number of participants suggested moving the project to "WikiProject American conservatism". The overwhelming sentiment was expressed by Guerillero who wrote: "A project is a group of people. This particular group does great work in their topic area[,] why prevent them from doing this[?]" In the end there was negligible opposition to the project and the result of the discussion was "Keep". The proceedings of the deletion discussion were picked up by The Signpost, calling the unfolding drama "the first MfD of its kind". The Signpost observed that attempting to delete an active project was unprecedented. The story itself became a source of controversy which played out at the Discuss This Story section, and also at the.

Two days after the project was nominated, the Conservatism Portal was also nominated for deletion as "too US-biased". There was no support for deletion amongst the 10 participants, with one suggestion to rename the portal. In other news, a new portal focusing on conservatism has been created at WikiSource. Wikisource is an online library of free content publications with 254,051 accessible texts. One highlight of the portal's content is Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke.

 October saw a 6.4% increase in new members, bringing the total membership to 58. Seven of the eight new members joined after October 12; the deletion discussions may have played a role in the membership spike. Mwhite148 is a member of the UK Conservative Party. Stating that he is not a conservative, Kleinzach noted his "lifetime interest in British, European and international politics." Let's all make an effort to welcome the new members with an outpouring of Wikilove.

Click to keep up to date on all the happenings at WikiProject Conservatism. -
 DISCUSSION REPORT

Timeline of conservatism is moved

 By Lionelt Timeline of conservatism, a Top-importance list, was nominated for deletion on October 3. The nominator stated that since conservatism in an "ambiguous concept", the timeline suffers from original research. There were a number of "Delete", as well as "Keep" votes. The closing administrator reasoned that consensus dictated that the list be renamed. The current title is Timeline of modern American conservatism.

The Right Stuff: January 2012

 January 2012

ARTICLE REPORT
Wikipedia's Newest Featured Portal: Conservatism

 By Lionelt On January 21, The Conservatism Portal was promoted to Featured Portal (FP) due largely to the contributions of Lionelt. This is the first Featured content produced by WikiProject Conservatism. The road to Featured class was rocky. An earlier nomination for FP failed, and in October the portal was "Kept" after being nominated for deletion.

Member Eisfbnore significantly contributed to the successful Good Article nomination of Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor Nils Vogt in December. Eisfbnore also created the article. In January another Project article was promoted to Featured Article. Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, a president of Brazil, attained Featured class with significant effort by Lecen. The Article Incubator saw its first graduation in November. A collaboration spearheaded by Mzk1 and Trackerseal successfully developed Star Parker to pass the notability guideline. -

PROJECT NEWS

Project Scope Debated

 By Lionelt Another discussion addressing the project scope began in December. Nine alternatives were presented in the contentious, sometimes heated discussion. Support was divided between keeping the exitsing scope, or adopting a scope with more specificity. Some opponents of the specific scope were concerned that it was too limiting and would adversely affect project size. About twenty editors participated in the discussion.

Inclusion of the article Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was debated. Supporters for inclusion cited sources describing the KKK as "conservative." The article was excluded with more than 10 editors participating.

Project membership continues to grow. There are currently 73 members. Member Goldblooded (pictured) volunteers for the UK Conservative Party and JohnChrysostom is a Christian Democrat. North8000 is interested in libertarianism. We won't tell WikiProject Libertarianism he's slumming. Let's stop by their talkpages and share some Wikilove.

Click to keep up to date on all the happenings at WikiProject Conservatism.

DISCUSSION REPORT

Why is Everyone Talking About Rick Santorum?

 By Lionelt

Articles about the GOP presidential candidate and staunch traditional marriage supporter have seen an explosion of discussion. On January 8 an RFC was opened (here) to determine if Dan Savage's website link should be included in Campaign for "santorum" neologism. The next day the Rick Santorum article itself was the subject of an RFC (here) to determine if including the Savage neologism was a violation of the BLP policy. Soon after a third was opened (here) at Santorum controversy regarding homosexuality. This RFC proposes merging the neologism article into the controversy article.

The Abortion case closed in November after 15 weeks of contentious arbitration. The remedies include semi-protection of all abortion articles (numbering 1,500), sanctions for some editors including members of this Project, and a provision for a discussion to determine the names of what are colloquially known as the pro-life and pro-choice articles. The Committee endorsed the "1 revert rule" for abortion articles.

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:07, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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The Right Stuff June 2018

 June 2018

 FROM THE EDITOR

The Right Stuff Returns

 By

Fellow members, I'm pleased to announce the return of the newsletter of WikiProject Conservatism. And considering the recent downsizing at The Signpost the timing could not be better. The Right Stuff will help keep you apprised of what's happening in conservatism at Wikipedia and in the world. The Right Stuff welcomes submissions including position pieces, instructional articles, or short essays addressing important conservatism-related issues. Post submissions here.

Add the Project Discussion page to your watchlist for the latest updates at WikiProject Conservatism (Discuss this story) -
 ARBITRATION REPORT

Russian Agents Editing at American Politics?

 By

After a series of unfortunate events largely self-created, bureaucrat and admin was the subject of an Arbitration case for conduct unbecoming. Prior to the case getting underway Andrevan resigned as bureaucrat and admin. A widely discussed incident was when he suggested that some editors he described as "pro-Trump" were paid Russian agents. This resulted in a number of editors from varied quarters denouncing the allegations and voicing support for veteran editors including and the notorious.

Editors who faced Enforcement action include (no action),  (three month topic ban ARBAPDS),  (no action) and  (indef topic ban ARBAPDS). (Discuss this story)

 IN THE MEDIA

Breitbart Versus Wikipedia

 By

Breitbart News, in response to Facebook's decision to use Wikipedia as a source to fight fake news, has declared war on our beloved pedia. The article in Haaretz describes the Facebook arrangement as Wikipedia's "greatest test in years" as well as a "massive threat" to the encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Breitbart's targeting of Wikipedia has resulted in an "epic battle" with respect to editing at the Breitbart article. The article has also recently experienced a dramatic increase in traffic with 50,000 visitors according to Haaretz. There is no love lost between Breitbart and Wikipedia where editors at the Reliable Sources Noticeboard have criticized the news websites unreliability and have compared it to The Daily Mail. (Discuss this story) -
 DISCUSSION REPORT

Liberty and Trump and Avi, Oh my!

 By

There are several open discussions at the Project:

Recently closed discussions include Anti-abortion movements which was not renamed, and an RFC at Trump–Russia dossier. (Discuss this story)
 * There is an RFC regarding Liberty University and its relationship to President Trump; see discussion
 * Activist and commentator Avi Yemini is listed at AFD; see discussion

Delivered: 11:12, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

The Right Stuff: July 2018

 July 2018

 DISCUSSION REPORT

WikiProject Conservatism Comes Under Fire

 By

WikiProject Conservatism was a topic of discussion at the Administrators' Noticeboard/Incident (AN/I). Objective3000 started a thread where he expressed concern regarding the number of RFC notices posted on the Discussion page suggesting that such notices "could result in swaying consensus by selective notification." Several editors participated in the relatively abbreviated six hour discussion. The assertion that the project is a "club for conservatives" was countered by editors listing examples of users who "profess no political persuasion." It was also noted that notification of WikiProjects regarding ongoing discussions is explicitly permitted by the WP:Canvassing guideline.

At one point the discussion segued to feedback about The Right Stuff. Member SPECIFICO wrote: "One thing I enjoy about the Conservatism Project is the handy newsletter that members receive on our talk pages." Atsme praised the newsletter as "first-class entertainment...BIGLY...first-class...nothing even comes close...it's amazing." Some good-natured sarcasm was offered with Objective3000 observing, "Well, they got the color right" and MrX's followup, "Wow. Yellow is the new red."

Admin Oshwah closed the thread with the result "definitely not an issue for ANI" and directing editors to the project Discussion page for any further discussion. Editor's note: originally the design and color of The Right Stuff was chosen to mimic an old, paper newspaper.

Add the Project Discussion page to your watchlist for the "latest RFCs" at WikiProject Conservatism (Discuss this story) -
 ARTICLES REPORT

Margaret Thatcher Makes History Again

 By

Margaret Thatcher is the first article promoted at the new WikiProject Conservatism A-Class review. Congratulations to. A-Class is a quality rating which is ranked higher than GA (Good article) but the criteria are not as rigorous as FA (Featued article). WikiProject Conservatism is one of only two WikiProjects offering A-Class review, the other being WikiProject Military History. Nominate your article here. (Discuss this story)

 RECENT RESEARCH

Research About AN/I

 By

Reprinted in part from the April 26, 2018 issue of The Signpost; written by

Out of over one hundred questioned editors, only twenty-seven (27%) are happy with the way reports of conflicts between editors are handled on the Administrators' Incident Noticeboard (AN/I), according to a recent survey. The survey also found that dissatisfaction has varied reasons including "defensive cliques" and biased administrators as well as fear of a "boomerang effect" due to a lacking rule for scope on AN/I reports. The survey also included an analysis of available quantitative data about AN/I. Some notable takeaways:

 * 53% avoided making a report due to fearing it would not be handled appropriately
 * "Otherwise 'popular' users often avoid heavy sanctions for issues that would get new editors banned."
 * "Discussions need to be clerked to keep them from raising more problems than they solve."

In the wake of Zarasophos' article editors discussed the AN/I survey at The Signpost and also at AN/I. Ironically a portion of the AN/I thread was hatted due to "off-topic sniping." To follow-up the problems identified by the research project the Wikimedia Foundation Anti-Harassment Tools team and Support and Safety team initiated a discussion. You can express your thoughts and ideas here. (Discuss this story)

Delivered: 09:27, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Gamingexpert


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oh dear

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 08:10, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Oh dear
del nonnotable expression, with verifiability problems. What is salvageable (and verifiable), may be moved into Victor Hargreaves (if one existed indeed). mikka (t) 19:34, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The term is used when people see something out of the ordinary or strange. I personally see it used when events don't quite go to the speaker's advantage. "I'm afraid you've broken your leg."  "Oh dear." I don't live in the North West of England, but I do live near it, and I have not heard it used for that purpose.  This borders on dic-def anyway, so delete.  Sonic Mew | talk to me 19:52, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - More dictionary then encyclopedic. - Chairboy 19:09, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Oh dear


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User:Durok

An everquest character on the nameless server.

--Durok 19:35, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Durok


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Miklós Wesselényi

Baron Miklós Wesselényi de Hadad (archaically English: Nicholas Wesselényi; 20 December 1796 – 21 April 1850) was a Hungarian statesman, leader of the upper house of the Diet, member of the Board of Academy of Sciences, hero of the 1838 Pest flood. A prominent and wealthy Hungarian aristocrat, son of Baron Miklós Wesselényi and Ilona Cserei, he was born at Zsibó (now Jibou), and was educated at his father's castle by Mózes Pataky in a liberal and patriotic direction. He inherited his father's physical strength, and he further trained himself in different sports, such as horse-riding and swimming. He was a celebrity in his age for his sportsman's accomplishments.

Early career
Wesselényi entered politics in 1818, taking minor positions at numerous County Diets, as was customary with the upper nobility his family belonged to. He went on a grand tour of Western Europe with his friend, Count István Széchenyi in 1821 and 1822. Realizing their native Hungary's need to catch up with the development of other European states, they become leading figures of the progressive opposition in the Upper House, promoting a program of reform and economic and national development. Hungary was under the foreign rule of the Habsburg emperors, who treated any native reform movement with deep suspicion. The Habsburg government, fearing unrest and independence efforts, took increasingly oppressive measures to curb the nationalist movement.

Accomplishments
Wesselényi abolished several feudal laws and customs on his own estates, freed his serfs, built and ran schools on his own money, and organized lectures on modern agriculture for his former subjects. He established a printing press in Kolozsvár to promote his ideas.

In 1833 he published a political book titled Prejudices (Balítéletek), which was immediately banned by the Habsburg government.

In the Diet of 1834, he became one of the political leaders of the opposition. He held several speeches on current topics attacking feudal institutions, and printed and distributed the minutes of the Diet in order to give publicity to the debates. For these activities, the government took him to trial for inciting unrest, operating a printing press without royal permission, and also for one of his speeches, where he called for general land-redemption. His long-lasting trials (two at the same time) became a focal point of the country's political life and reform movement. His legal representative was Ferenc Kölcsey.

During the 1838 Pest Flood, he saved many lives by rowing about the flooded city and rescuing people from rooftops, gaining nationwide admiration.

Prison
Finally his trials ended and he was sentenced to 3 years in prison. After serving 2 months in the casemates of the Buda castle, he started to have a serious eye ailment, and he was permitted to travel to Gräfenberg (now Lázně Jeseník) in Silesia with his family in order to cure his illness. He returned in 1843, almost completely blind and a wreck of his former self. He moved back to Zsibó, and served in minor positions within the local county government. Subsequently, he did much for agriculture, children's homes and the introduction and extension of the silk industry in Hungary.

Last years
Seriously ill, he still took part in the initial stages of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and had a key role in persuading the Transylvanian Diet to proclaim union with Hungary, one of the important goals of the Revolution. Seeing the development and radicalization of the events, similar to his friend, Count Széchenyi, and also many from the reform-minded aristocracy, he also became disillusioned. In September 1848 he left the country under the pretext of continuing his medical treatment in Gräfenberg. He stayed there, accompanied by his wife, Anna Lux, who faithfully supported and tended him through his illness.

Wesselényi died in 1850, while returning to Hungary from Gräfenberg.

Among his other accomplishments, he is remembered for his support of the development of Hungarian agriculture, the introduction and extension of the silk industry, and his support for children's homes and child care. He was elected to the Board of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1830, and in 1831 he received honorary membership of the institution.

From 1902, a statue of Wesselényi by artist János Fadrusz has stood in the center of Zalău.

title: Miklós Wesselényi


text:
Talk:Attillah Shabazz

It'd be better to get more information on Attillah. Merging articals and leaving redirects discourages contribution to the redirected topic. Themissinglint 19:35, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Why exactly are we merging this info? If I search for Attillah Shabazz i should not have to dig the info from Malcom X's info

 * What info? There isn't any. I'm going to proceed with the merger, leaving a redirect. If Shabazz's info grows to a sufficient size to warrant an article we can split them back out again. Cheers, -Willmcw 19:03, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

I've removed the redirect. There's info about Attillah and someone should work to compile a bio on her instead of redirecting to Malcolm X's page. Serves for really bad user experience to click on a link about Attilah and get Malcolm X's page instead. While they are father-daughter, that is information that only some people know. Some others may not know they are related and would wonder why they ended up at Malcolm X's page instead. --speedoflight 20:28, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Attillah Shabazz


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Wu Man

Wu Man (born January 2, 1963) is a Chinese pipa player and composer. Trained in Pudong-style pipa performance at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing, she is known for playing in a broad range of musical styles and introducing the pipa and its Chinese heritage into Western genres. She has performed and recorded extensively with Kronos Quartet and Silk Road Ensemble, and has premiered works by Philip Glass, Lou Harrison, Terry Riley, Bright Sheng, Tan Dun, Zhao Jiping, and Zhou Long, among many others. She has recorded and appeared on over 40 albums, five of which have been nominated for Grammy Awards. In 2013, she was named Instrumentalist of the Year by Musical America, becoming the first performer of a non-Western instrument to receive this award. She also received The United States Artists Award in 2008.

Biography
Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Wu Man began taking pipa lessons at age 9. When universities opened their doors to new students in 1977 after the Cultural Revolution had ended, Wu Man traveled to Beijing to audition for the Central Conservatory of Music. At 13, she became the youngest student at the school, and her final audition was covered in national newspapers. While at the Conservatory, she studied Pudong-style pipa performance under Lin Shicheng, Kuang Yuzhong, Chen Zemin, and Liu Dehai. She was first exposed to non-Chinese music in 1979 when Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra performed in Beijing, and again in 1980 when she attended Isaac Stern’s master classes at the Conservatory. She received her Master's Degree (the first such degree conferred on a pipa player) in 1987.

Wu Man first performed in the United States as a member of the China Youth Arts Troupe in 1985. She moved to the U.S. five years later to pursue a career in pipa performance that would allow her repertoire to extend beyond traditional Chinese music. Upon arriving in Connecticut with her husband (who had begun working on his Ph.D. in chemistry at Yale University), she began working with ensembles such as the Kronos Quartet (see below), and gave premieres of works by Chinese and American composers. In 1997, she gave the premiere of Lou Harrison's Concerto for Pipa and String Orchestra with Dennis Russell Davies conducting the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. Written specifically for Wu Man, the work has been recorded twice, the latter of which (with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Miguel Harth-Bedoya) was nominated for a Grammy for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance with Orchestra. In 1998, Wu Man was awarded a fellowship to study at the Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College. That same year, she became a founding member of Yo-Yo Ma's Silk Road Project (see below).

In 2003, Wu Man began working with Philip Glass, performing in the premiere of his opera The Sound of a Voice at the American Repertory Theater. She is featured in the recording of a suite from this work, which was released in 2007 on Glass's private label, Orange Mountain Music. In 2004, Wu Man was approached by Glass once again to collaborate on a commission from the Cultural Olympiad on the occasion of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Taking Orion as its title and inspiration (the constellation can be seen from both hemispheres throughout the year), the piece contains movements representing various countries around the world. The third movement, "China", was co-written by Glass and Wu Man, and features Wu Man on pipa. Additional collaborators include Ravi Shankar, Mark Atkins, Foday Musa Suso, Ashley MacIsaac, and Uakti. The work was premiered prior to the Games, and recorded and released on Orange Mountain Music in 2005.

In 2009, Wu Man curated a pair of concerts at Carnegie Hall as part of the Ancient Paths, Modern Voices Festival. The concerts focused on music from remote areas of China, including traditions of the Dong and Tujia peoples, as well as Taoist ritual. The process of finding these musicians was documented in the 2012 film Discovering a Musical Heartland: Wu Man's Return to China.

Wu Man's achievements in bringing the pipa to new audiences were recognized at the end of 2012 when Musical America selected her as the 2013 Instrumentalist of the Year. She is the first performer of a non-Western instrument to receive this award. Later that season, Wu Man premiered her composition Blue and Green with New York–based chamber orchestra The Knights. Arranged for pipa and string orchestra by Lev Zhurbin and The Knights' Colin Jacobsen, the work is influenced by folk melodies that Wu Man heard travelling through China. That same season, Wu Man premiered Zhao Jiping’s Pipa Concerto No. 2 at the Sydney Opera House with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, who commissioned the work along with a consortium of North American orchestras.

In 2014, Wu Man was named the first Musician-in-Residence at the Huntington Library. The residency included educational outreach programs, as well as a commission for a new composition. The piece, Three Sharing, was written by Wu Man for pipa, janggo, and shakuhachi, and was premiered on June 17, 2014 at the Huntington's Chinese Garden.

Kronos Quartet
Wu Man first performed with the Kronos Quartet in the premiere of Zhou Long's Soul for pipa and string quartet at the Pittsburgh New Music Festival in 1992. The Quartet's founding violinist, David Harrington, says he "heard all sorts of possibilities in Wu Man's vivid pipa sound," and the Quartet subsequently commissioned Tan Dun to write a piece for the same instrumentation. The resulting Ghost Opera, a semi-staged work with minimal sets and lighting, received its premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in 1995. The work was later recorded and released on Nonesuch in 1997. On the occasion of Terry Riley's 70th birthday in 2005, the Quartet commissioned a new work from him that would include pipa. After working with Wu Man for over a year to learn the intricacies of the instrument, Riley composed The Cusp of Magic, a work in six movements that included Wu Man on pipa and vocals. All five musicians also play a variety of percussion instruments and toys. The premiere was presented by Cal Performances at Hertz Hall on the University of California, Berkeley campus, and was recorded and released on Nonesuch in 2008. Wu Man's most recent project with the Quartet is a multimedia work entitled A Chinese Home, co-conceived by Wu Man, Harrington, and Chinese theater director Chen Shi-Zheng. The work, which received its premiere at Carnegie's Zankel Hall in 2009, depicts a broad stretch of Chinese history, from the Qing dynasty through the Chinese Communist Revolution to present day.

Wu Man continues to perform regularly with Kronos, and was a featured guest artist in the Quartet's 40th Anniversary concerts in the 2013-14 season at the International Festival of Arts & Ideas, Cal Performances, Center for the Art of Performance at UCLA, and Carnegie Hall. She appears on five albums with the Quartet, including Early Music, in which she plays John Dowland's Lachrymæ Antiquæ on the ruan; You've Stolen My Heart, a collection of Bollywood songs by Rahul Dev Burman; and A Thousand Thoughts, the Quartet's 40th anniversary compilation album.

Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Project
Wu Man is a founding member of Yo-Yo Ma's Silk Road Project, a non-profit organization established in 1998 to foster cross-cultural communication through musical performance and education. Two years after its inception, the Project hosted a workshop at the Tanglewood Music Center that evolved into the Silk Road Ensemble, an eclectic group of musicians representing countries along the Silk Road. Wu Man has performed regularly with the Ensemble since its inception in 2000, recording five albums and touring internationally.

In the 2006-07 season, the Silk Road Project partnered with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for a yearlong celebration called Silk Road Chicago, culminating in the 2008 album release Traditions and Transformations: Sounds of Silk Road Chicago. Wu Man appears on this album as a soloist, performing Lou Harrison's Pipa Concerto with the CSO and conductor Miguel Harth-Bedoya.

Wu Man has also performed multiple times with Yo-Yo Ma outside of the Silk Road Ensemble. In 1999, Wu Man and Ma performed at the White House, premiering Bright Sheng's Three Songs for Pipa and Violoncello. That same year, Ma was awarded the Glenn Gould Prize and selected Wu Man as the Glenn Gould Protégé. They performed together again in 2003, premiering Sheng’s The Song and Dance of Tears alongside pianist Emanuel Ax, with David Zinman conducting the New York Philharmonic.

Miscellaneous cross-cultural collaborations
In 2005, Wu Man and composer Chen Yi co-wrote a multimedia work titled Ancient Dances, commissioned by the Walton Arts Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Taking its inspiration from the poetry of Li Bai, the multimedia work features video art by Kathleen Owen that incorporates Chinese calligraphy and paintings by Wu Man's father. In performances of the work, Wu Man and percussionist Robert Schulz played in front of two vertical screens that displayed Owen's art. The project forms the first installment in what Wu Man refers to as her larger "Return to the East" project, which includes many of the projects discussed below, as well as her documentary Discovering a Musical Heartland. Later in 2005, she recorded the album Wu Man and Friends with Lee Knight (banjo, Appalachian dulcimer, mouth bow, vocals), Julian Kytasty (bandura, sopilka, vocals), and James Makubuya (endongo, adungu, vocals), which was released on the Traditional Crossroads label in 2006. The album contains the music of Chinese, Appalachian, Ukrainian, and Ugandan folk traditions, arranged to combine these plucked instruments from around the world. Since the album release, Wu Man, Knight, Kytasty, and Makubuya have performed their arrangements in concerts around the U.S., including Carnegie's Zankel Hall in 2006 and the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival in 2010.

In 2010, Wu Man traveled to Taiwan to study the music of Taiwanese aborigines, leading to a series of concerts in 2012 titled "Wu Man and Aboriginal Friends from Taiwan (吳蠻與原住民朋友)". In these concerts, Wu Man was joined onstage by musicians of the Paiwan, Atayal, and Bunun tribes, performing arrangements of traditional and ritual songs with pipa accompaniment. Performances took place at the Taiwan International Festival of Arts at the National Theater and Concert Hall, Taipei, and at the New Vision Arts Festival in Hong Kong.

With funds from the Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia, Wu Man collaborated with Central Asian musicians to produce the CD/DVD Borderlands: Wu Man and Master Musicians from the Silk Route, released on Smithsonian Folkways in 2012. The album/documentary forms the tenth and final installment in the record label's Music of Central Asia series. The music focuses heavily on the Uyghur muqam tradition, a system of 12 modes that draws loosely from Arabic maqam. She is joined on the album by Abduvali Abdurashidov on sato; Sirojiddin Juraev on dutar; Hua'er vocalist Ma Ersa; Abdulla Majnun on diltar (his own invention, combining the plucked tanbur and bowed satar into a single double-necked instrument), dutar, tanbur, and vocals; Hesenjan Tursun on satar and vocals; Sanubar Tursun on dutar and vocals; and Yasin Yaqup on dap.

In 2013, Wu Man received an Individual Artist Fellowship from San Diego Foundation's Creative Catalyst Fund to pursue a project titled "When China Meets Latin America", collaborating with son jarocho quartet Son de San Diego. In their initial rehearsals, Wu Man and Son de San Diego explored the commonalities in Chinese and Latin American folk traditions, both of which, Son de San Diego's Eduardo Garcia Acosta notes, have "love songs, silvery dawns, birdsongs, broken hearts, tales of sailing, and the sheer joy of dancing." Following these rehearsals, the ad hoc quintet has performed arrangements of Chinese and Latin American folk music in workshops and concerts presented by the Carlsbad Music Festival.

Wu Man performed in several concerts at the 2023 Ojai Music Festival, including two performances of "Ghost Opera".

Personal life
Wu Man lives with her husband, Peng Wang, in Carlsbad, California, where they moved in 2004 after her husband accepted a job there. She and her husband became naturalized U.S. citizens in 2000, two years after the birth of their son.

Discography
Solo or as leader

 * 1991 — The Over Lord Removed Off His Armour (China Record Corporation)
 * 1993 — Chinese Music for the Pipa (Nimbus)
 * 1996 — Chinese Traditional and Contemporary Music (Nimbus)
 * 2000 — Chinese Traditional & Contemporary Music for Pipa & Ensemble (Nimbus)
 * 2000 — Liu Sola: Spring Snowfall (Also Productions)
 * 2003 — Pipa: From a Distance (Naxos World)
 * 2005 — Wu Man and Friends (Traditional Crossroads)
 * 2010 — Immeasurable Light (Traditional Crossroads)
 * 2012 — Music of Central Asia, Vol. 10: Borderlands: Wu Man and Master Musicians from the Silk Route (Smithsonian Folkways)
 * 2013 — Elegant Pipa Classics (Wind Music)
 * 2014 — Wu Man, Luis Conte, and Daniel Ho: Our World in Song: An Odyssey of Musical Treasures (Wind Music)

Orchestral

with Rebecca Miller and The New Professionals Orchestra (Mode) with Günther Herbig and Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Saarbrücken (WERGO) with Yuri Bashmet and Moscow Soloists (ONYX) with Miguel Harth-Bedoya and Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO Resound)
 * 2004 — Lou Harrison: Concerto for Pipa with String Orchestra, on Lou Harrison: For Strings
 * 2004 — Ye Xiaogang: Pipa Concerto, on Xiaogang Ye: The Last Paradise / Winter / Pipa Concerto / Horizon
 * 2008 — Tan Dun: Pipa Concerto, on Tan Dun: Pipa Concerto / Hayashi: Viola Concerto / Takemitsu: Nostalghia
 * 2008 — Lou Harrison: Pipa Concerto, on Traditions and Transformations: Sounds of Silk Road Chicago

with Kronos Quartet

 * 1997 — Tan Dun: Ghost Opera (Nonesuch)
 * 1997 — Early Music (Nonesuch)
 * 2005 — You've Stolen My Heart (Nonesuch)
 * 2008 — Terry Riley: The Cusp of Magic (Nonesuch)
 * 2014 — Kronos Quartet: A Thousand Thoughts (Nonesuch)

with Aga Khan Master Musicians

 * 2023 — Aga Khan Master Musicians: Nowruz (Smithsonian Folkways / SAMAA)

with Silk Road Ensemble

 * 2002 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: Silk Road Journeys: When Strangers Meet (Sony Classical)
 * 2005 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: Silk Road Journeys: Beyond the Horizon (Sony Classical)
 * 2007 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: New Impossibilities (Sony Classical)
 * 2009 — Silk Road Ensemble: Off the Map (World Village)
 * 2013 — The Silk Road Ensemble with Yo-Yo Ma: A Playlist without Borders (CD) / Live from Tanglewood (DVD) (Sony Classical)

with Philip Glass

 * 2005 — Philip Glass Ensemble: Orion (Orange Mountain Music)
 * 2007 — Suite from The Sound of a Voice, on Theater Music, Vol. 1 (Orange Mountain Music)

with Bang on a Can

 * 1998 — Brian Eno: Music for Airports (POINT Music)
 * 2001 — Terry Riley: In C (Cantaloupe)

with Liu Sola

 * 1994 — Sola: Blues in the East (Axiom, 1994)
 * 1995 — Sola & Wu Man: China Collage (Avant, 1995)
 * 1999 — Sola & Friends (Also Productions, 1999)

with Henry Threadgill Film soundtracks
 * Carry the Day (Columbia, 1995)

 * 1993 — The Wedding Banquet (Rock)
 * 1994 — Eat Drink Man Woman (Rock)

Misc. duo

 * 1997 — with Martin Simpson, guitar: Music for the Motherless Child (Water Lily Acoustics)
 * 2001 — with Yoshio Kurahashi, shakuhachi: Aki No Yugure (Autumn Dusk) (Sparkling Beatnik)
 * 2003 — with Tatsu Aoki, bass: Posture of Reality (Asian Improv)

Misc. ensemble

 * 1994 — Henry Threadgill: Carry the Day (Columbia)
 * 1998 — Lam Bun-Ching: The Child God (Tzadik)
 * 2003 — Bright Sheng: Silent Temple with Shanghai Quartet and Bright Sheng, piano (BIS)
 * 2004 — Zhou Long: Nature and Spirit (Composers Recordings, Inc.)
 * 2006 — Shih-Hui Chen: 66 Times: The Voices of Pines and Cedars (Albany)
 * 2012 — Lei Liang: Verge / Tremors of a Memory Chord (Naxos)

Appearances on anthologies & compilations

 * 1992 — An Anthology of Chinese Traditional and Folk Music, Vol. 4: A Collection of Music Played on the Pipa (China Record Corporation)
 * 1994 — World Music Sampler, Volume 2 (Nimbus)
 * 1995 — A Taste of Asia (Nimbus)
 * 1997 — Treasurable Collection of Traditional Chinese Music: Pipa
 * 1998 — China: Time to Listen (Ellipsis Arts)
 * 2001 — Masterpieces: Pipa (China Record Corporation)
 * 2002 — The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan (Smithsonian Folkways)
 * 2002 — Chinese Music Classics of the 20th Century: Pipa I (China Record Corporation)
 * 2004 — The Classics of CRC Instrumental Music, Vol. 2 (China Record Corporation)

Awards and honors

 * 1989 — Chinese National Traditional Music Performance Prize
 * 1998 — Bunting Fellowship
 * 1999 — The City of Toronto Glenn Gould Protégé Prize
 * 2008 — United States Artists Fellowship
 * 2006 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best Contemporary World Music Album (for You've Stolen My Heart with Kronos Quartet)
 * 2009 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best Instrumental Soloist Performance with Orchestra (for Lou Harrison's Pipa Concerto with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra)
 * 2009 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best Small Ensemble Performance (for Tan Dun's Pipa Concerto with Yuri Bashmet and the Moscow Soloists)
 * 2011 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best Classical Crossover Album (for Off the Map with the Silk Road Ensemble)
 * 2013 — Musical America Instrumentalist of the Year
 * 2013 — Nominated, Independent Music Awards: Best World Traditional Song (for "Shadiana" on Borderlands)
 * 2013 — Nominated, Independent Music Awards: Best Long Form Video (for Borderlands)
 * 2014 — Nominated, Independent Music Awards: Best World Traditional Album (for Elegant Pipa Classics)
 * 2014 — Nominated, Golden Melody Awards: Best Traditional Album (for Elegant Pipa Classics)
 * 2014 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best World Music Album (for Our World in Song with Daniel Ho and Luis Conte)
 * 2023 — National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts

title: Wu Man


text:
User talk:PeOak

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title: User talk:PeOak


text:
Edinburgh Zoo

Edinburgh Zoo (Sù Dhùn Èideann), formerly the Scottish National Zoological Park, is an 82 acre non-profit zoological park in the Corstorphine area of Edinburgh, Scotland.

The zoo is positioned on the south-facing slopes of Corstorphine Hill, giving extensive views of the city. Established in 1913, and owned by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, it receives over 600,000 visitors a year, which makes it one of Scotland's most popular paid-for tourist attractions. As well as catering for tourists and locals, the zoo is involved in many scientific pursuits, such as captive breeding of endangered animals, researching into animal behaviour, and active participation in various conservation programmes around the world.

Edinburgh Zoo was the first zoo in the world to house and breed penguins. It is the only zoo in Britain to house Queensland koalas and, until December 2023, giant pandas. The zoo is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), and the Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions. It has also been granted four stars by the Scottish Tourism Board. The zoo gardens boast one of the most diverse tree collections in the Lothians.

History
The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) was founded as a registered charity in 1909 by an Edinburgh lawyer, Thomas Hailing Gillespie. The Corstorphine Hill site was purchased by the Society with help from the Edinburgh Town Council in early 1913. Gillespie's vision of what a zoological park should be was modelled after the 'open design' of Tierpark Hagenbeck in Hamburg, a zoo which promoted a more spacious and natural environment for the animals, and stood in stark contrast to the steel cages typical of the menageries built during the Victorian era. The design and layout were largely the product of Patrick Geddes and his son-in-law Frank Mears but Sir Robert Lorimer was involved in some of the more architectural elements including the remodelling of Corstorphine House at its centre.

The Scottish National Zoological Park was opened to the public in 1913 and was incorporated by Royal Charter later that year. In 1948, following a visit by His Majesty King George VI, the Society was granted the privilege of adding the prefix 'Royal' to its name. It remains the only zoo with a Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.

Edinburgh Zoo's long association with penguins began in January 1914, with the arrival of three king penguins from the Christian Salvesen whaling expedition which docked in Leith. The subsequent successful hatching of a king penguin chick in 1919 was the first penguin to be hatched in captivity. These were the first penguins to be seen outside of the South Atlantic anywhere in the world. The now famous daily penguin parade started by accident in 1950 with the escape of several birds. This proved so popular with visitors and the penguins that it is a daily feature of the zoo today.

After Tom Gillespie retired, Gilbert D. Fisher was appointed director-secretary of the zoo in 1956. He held the post till he retired in 1971.

In 1986, the Society acquired the Highland Wildlife Park at Kingussie, 30 mi south of Inverness. The zoo and the park work together in providing the most appropriate captive habitat possible in Scotland. Public visitation trips between both sites are organised frequently by the RZSS.

The zoo still retains the original charter, which drives its active breeding programme, and biodiversity, conservation and sustainability initiatives. The RZSS provides multiple ways for the public to help support its mission, including a membership club, animal adoption, donations, legacies and volunteering.

Starting in September 2020, BBC Scotland aired a documentary series about Edinburgh Zoo and the Highland Wildlife Park called Inside the Zoo.

Budongo Trail
Named after the Budongo Forest in Uganda, the Budongo Trail facility houses a troop of 14 chimpanzees; 6 males (Louis, Qafzeh, Paul, Frek, Liberius and Velu) and 8 females (Lucy, Eva, Sophie, Lianne, Heleen, Kilimi, Edith and Masindi). The main building features viewing galleries, a lecture theatre and interactive games and displays designed to teach visitors about the chimpanzee's lifestyle and social structure.

Living Links
Living Links is built around a field station and research centre for the study of primate behaviour. The exhibit features enclosures housing common squirrel monkeys and tufted capuchins.

Monkey House
Is now closed for redevelopment (April 2024).

Penguins Rock
Edinburgh Zoo is well known for housing penguins in its collection, the first three being king penguins, which arrived in January 1913. The zoo's current penguin pool, named "Penguins Rock", is 65 metres long, 3.5 metres deep at its deepest point, contains 1.2 million litres of water, and houses colonies of gentoo, king, and northern rockhopper penguins.

Giant pandas
In 2011, Edinburgh Zoo leased two giant pandas, a male named Yáng Guāng (陽光, meaning "sunshine", born 2003) and a female named Tián Tián (甜甜, meaning "sweetie", born 2003), from the Bifengxia Breeding Centre in China at a cost of $1m a year. The zoo spent £285,000 building an enclosure is especially for the pandas. They were originally meant to remain at the zoo for a maximum of ten years before being returned to China, but in December 2021, it was confirmed that the pandas would remain in the zoo until the end of 2023. Edinburgh Zoo was, at the time, the only zoo in the United Kingdom that housed giant pandas. The Pandas were flown back to China on December 4, 2023, signalling the end of their time in the UK.

Magic Forest
Located near the sun bear habitat, the Magic Forest is a building that houses several of the smaller rainforest animals like cotton-top tamarins, eastern pygmy marmosets, Goeldi's monkeys, gray-handed night monkeys, ground cuscuses and Northern Luzon giant cloud rats.

Sloths and Armadillos
Formerly Brilliant Birds, this walk through enclosure was opened in September 2021 and tells the story of wildlife in South America. It houses a pair of Linnaeus's two-toed sloths named Nico and Feira, making Edinburgh Zoo currently the only zoo in Scotland to have sloths. It also houses two large hairy armadillos named Nymeria and Diogo.

Giraffe House
In 2019, Edinburgh Zoo announced the development of a new enclosure for giraffes, and launched a Crowdfunder campaign to raise money for the project. Construction of the giraffe house began in 2019, and it opened in June 2021. The zoo owns a bachelor herd of five male Nubian giraffes named Ronnie, Arrow, Gerald, Fennessy and Gilbert.

Wee Beasties
Opened in 2017, "Wee Beasties" is an indoor exhibit displaying some the zoo's smaller species, including blue poison dart frogs, axolotl, pancake tortoises, partula snails, Chilean rose tarantulas, and an coral reef tank containing tropical fish such as percula clownfish, Lamarck's angelfish and yellow tangs.

Koala Territory and Wallaby Outback
Koala Territory was first opened in 2005, and currently houses three female koalas, Kalari, her daughter Myaree and niece Talara. Koala Territory is decorated with Aboriginal-inspired artwork, and features a garden of eucalyptus plants.

Wallaby Outback is a walk-through exhibit next to Koala Territory housing swamp wallabies and western grey kangaroos, and was opened in 2015.

Animal Antics
A daily show in which keepers demonstrate the natural skills of animals to an audience of visitors. Keepers use positive reinforcement training with every animal, which means that the animals that are present at the talks are never forced. Because of this, the animals used in Animal Antics vary between shows.

Other mammals
Other notable mammal species in the zoo's collection include meerkats, red pandas, red river hogs, Kirk's dik-diks, L'Hoest's monkeys, Chinese gorals, Bagot goats, ring-tailed lemurs, red-bellied lemurs, buff-cheeked gibbons, pygmy hippopotamus, Asian small-clawed otters, crowned lemurs, banteng, greater one-horned rhinoceros, southern pudu, Azara's agoutis, sun bears, binturongs, Scottish wildcats, geladas, Visayan warty pigs, Visayan spotted deer, Przewalski's horses, Asiatic lions, Sumatran tigers, giant anteaters, Grévy's zebras and nyala.

Other birds
Other notable bird species in the zoo's collection include Chilean flamingos, waldrapp ibis, black storks, great white pelicans, East African crowned cranes, vulturine guineafowl, southern cassowaries, red-fronted macaws and Egyptian vultures.

Military animals
Some of the zoo's animals have held military rank.
 * Wojtek was a bear adopted in Iran by the Polish II Corps and enlisted into the 22nd Artillery Supply Company to allow him to travel when the troops were posted. He served in the Middle East and during the Battle of Monte Cassino and retired to Edinburgh Zoo when the Polish troops, billeted in Scotland, demobilised.
 * Sir Nils Olav, a king penguin, was the mascot and Colonel-in-Chief of the Norwegian King's Guard. He was adopted in 1972 when the King's Guard were in the city for the Edinburgh Military Tattoo, given the rank of visekorporal (lance corporal), and promoted each time the corps visited the city. He died in 1987 and his successor, Nils Olav II, inherited his rank. Nils was visited by the Norwegian King's Guard on 15 August 2008 and awarded a knighthood. The honour was approved by the King of Norway, King Harald V. During the ceremony a crowd of several hundred people joined the 130 guardsmen at the zoo to hear a citation from King Harald the Fifth of Norway read out, which described Nils as a penguin "in every way qualified to receive the honour and dignity of knighthood".

Future developments
The giraffe house is intended to be the first of five large scale projects the zoo is planning as part of the "Edinburgh Zoo's Big 5" initiative, these include updated enclosures for the sun bears, rhinoceros and king penguins, as well as a new tropical house with free-roaming monkeys and birds.

Research and conservation
Edinburgh Zoo is home to a primate behavioural research centre, Living Links. Living Links consists of a field station and research centre that was developed in a partnership with the University of St Andrews. The centre houses capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys originating from the forests of South America, and offers researchers opportunities to study primate behaviour.

Budongo Trail, a chimpanzee enclosure, was opened in May 2008 by The Princess Royal. Budongo Trail is a naturalistic enclosure which can house up to 40 chimps. It includes a large outdoor area and three separate indoor areas for the chimps together with observation areas and a lecture theatre for the public. The RZSS is the principal sponsor in the long-term study and conservation of a group of approximately 60 chimpanzees as part of the Budongo Conservation Field Station in Uganda, Africa. Amidst the opening of Budongo Trail, Jane Goodall described it as a "wonderful facility" where primates "are probably better off [than] living in the wild in an area like Budongo [Forest], where one in six gets caught in a wire snare, and countries like Congo, where chimpanzees, monkeys and gorillas are shot for food commercially."

In July 2006, a cull of invasive brown rats on the Scottish island of Canna was deemed a provisional success and after two years of observation, during which time no rats were observed, the island was declared officially rat free by the Environment Minister, Mike Russell on 7 June 2008. The rats had been outcompeting the rare local wood mouse, known as the Canna mouse and also endangering local seabird populations. The National Trust for Scotland which own the island invested £500,000 employing exterminators from New Zealand to cull the estimated 10,000 brown rats. in co-operation with RZSS, approximately 150 Canna mice were captured and homed at Edinburgh Zoo and the Highland Wildlife Park. 40 mice were returned to the island in late 2006 with the remaining being re-introduced in stages.

In May 2008, a joint application submitted by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and the Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) was approved by the Scottish Government allowing for a trial reintroduction of the European beaver to the Knapdale Forest in Mid-Argyll. If the trial is successful then the European beaver will be the first mammal to be reintroduced to the United Kingdom. Beavers have been extinct in Scotland since the 16th century, when they were hunted for their pelt, meat and medicinal properties (use of castoreum).

Zoo gardens
Before being acquired by the society, the Corstorphine hill site was a nursery, once owned by Thomas Blaikie, who planted many of the great French parks such as 'La Bagatelle'. On this site two nurserymen raised the famous apple cultivars 'John Downie' and 'James Grieve'. Today, the zoo has one of the most diverse tree collections in the Lothians with 120 species. The south-facing aspect allows bananas to be grown outside. Increasingly, horticulture is seen as a discipline in its own right, with the focus on habitat creation within enclosures, food stuffs for the animals, and enrichment for both the animals and the visiting public.

Controversies
Organisations that remain critical of Edinburgh Zoo's work include the Animal Liberation Front, who have voiced their distaste for the quality of the enclosure that formerly housed polar bears. The Born Free Foundation has also stated several times that the zoo fails in its conservation work, as well as opposing the zoo's plans to house elephants.

Edinburgh Zoo received a public backlash on Twitter after the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) recommended that they should cull three red river hog piglets after an unplanned birth. A protest took place under the #savethehogs tag on Thursday 3 February 2011. The Twitter campaign was started by OneKind, with major support from Captive Animals Protection Society. On Friday 4 February 2011, it was announced that the #savethehogs campaign had been successful and the zoo would attempt to re-home the piglets. The zoo also came under criticism for plans to charge £20 per person for visitors to watch the necropsy of an animal. A OneKind spokesman criticised the idea, largely due to the timing of the event, which was scheduled to take place two months after the zoo announced a £2 million loss in profits, making the necropsy seem like a "Money-making drive".

Following various internal issues and allegations relating to senior staff, the zoo was subject to investigations relating to its charitable status. The Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) held an inquiry into the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, and one director was fired while two others were suspended. The zoo suspended its chief operating officer and acting chief executive Gary Wilson while it investigated allegations made against him. In February 2012, the zoo was told to conduct a full review of its financial controls following an inquiry into complaints about how the zoo was run in 2011. The report by the OSCR cleared the zoo of misconduct but found "areas of governance that could be improved".

Animal escapes
In July 2011, the zoo's monkey house had to be closed after a gelada escaped from its enclosure. The animal vaulted an electric fence as it tried to escape whilst visitors looked on.

In May 2012, several hundred zoo visitors were forced to seek shelter after a family of red river hogs escaped from keepers and ran amok. Those who had taken refuge in the monkey house later described scenes where zoo workers pursued the animals with various equipment including brushes and dart guns. Though the drama lasted over an hour, the adult hogs were recaptured unharmed.

In August 2012, a scarlet ibis escaped from the zoo and went on the loose in the city after a squirrel had chewed a hole in the netting at the top of the cage. Keepers noticed the ibis was missing and later that day the bird was spotted more than 3 miles away in Dundas Street, near the city centre. The ibis was missing for nearly a week before being recaptured four miles from the zoo.

In September 2012, zoo customers were escorted indoors when a Heck bull escaped from his enclosure. The 600 kg animal with three feet long horns was loose for over 40 minutes, until zoo workers and vets managed to restrain him by using tranquilliser darts.

title: Edinburgh Zoo


text: User talk:80.58.22.42

title: User talk:80.58.22.42