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Joran van der Sloot

Joran Andreas Petrus van der Sloot (born 6 August 1987) is a Dutch murderer who was convicted in the 2010 killing of Stephany Flores Ramírez in Lima, Peru. He first came to public attention as the prime suspect in the disappearance of Natalee Holloway in 2005.

After Flores' murder on 30 May 2010, five years to the day after Holloway's disappearance, Van der Sloot fled to Chile, where he was arrested and extradited to Peru for questioning regarding the murder.

On 7 June 2010, Van der Sloot confessed to bludgeoning Flores. He later tried to formally retract his confession, claiming that he had been intimidated by the Peruvian Police and framed by the FBI. A Peruvian judge ruled on 25 June 2010 that the confession was valid, and on 13 January 2012, Van der Sloot was sentenced to 28 years' imprisonment for Flores's murder. In January 2023, an additional 18 years were added to his sentence for trafficking cocaine while in prison.

On 8 June 2023, Van der Sloot was extradited to the United States to face trial for extortion and wire fraud, with both charges being linked to Holloway's disappearance. On 18 October 2023, he admitted to killing Holloway in a proffer letter, which was released after he pleaded guilty to other associated charges in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

The Holloway and Flores cases both attracted widespread media attention; Time magazine declared Van der Sloot's arrest the top crime story of 2010. He was the subject of international news coverage from prison, leading to controversies that resulted in the investigation and suspension of several Peruvian officials.

Background
Joran van der Sloot was born in the Dutch city of Arnhem, one of three sons to Paulus van der Sloot (1952–2010), a lawyer, and Anita van der Sloot-Hugen, an art teacher. In 1990, his family moved from Arnhem to Aruba, where he was an honor student at the International School of Aruba.

Van der Sloot was a star football (soccer) and tennis athlete at the school, competing in doubles tennis with his father at the Moët & Chandon Anniversary Cup in 2005 and hoped to play for Saint Leo University. Van der Sloot's mother said he was a habitual liar and had a tendency to sneak out of the house at night to go to casinos.

Disappearance of Natalee Holloway

On 29 May 2005, Van der Sloot met Natalee Holloway at Carlos'n Charlie's bar in downtown Oranjestad, Aruba. Holloway was an 18-year-old American, vacationing in Aruba to celebrate her graduation from high school. Holloway and Van der Sloot drank and danced together at the bar. When the bar closed at 1:00 a.m., Holloway was last seen leaving in a car with Van der Sloot and two brothers, 21-year-old Deepak Kalpoe and 18-year-old Satish Kalpoe.

On 9 June 2005, Van der Sloot and both Kalpoe brothers were arrested in regards to the disappearance of Natalee Holloway. The Kalpoe brothers were released from custody on 4 July, while Van der Sloot remained in custody. The brothers were re-arrested on 26 August on suspicion of rape and murder. All three suspects were released on 3 September due to lack of evidence.

After his release, Van der Sloot was required to stay within Dutch territory pending the results of the investigation. On 5 September 2005, he returned to the Netherlands to study international business management at the HAN University of Applied Sciences. On 14 September, a higher court removed the travel restrictions. Gerold G. Dompig, former deputy commissioner of the Aruba Police Force, stated that the initial arrests were made prematurely under pressure from Holloway's family. Dompig charged that the family sidetracked the investigation by making it difficult for the police to collect evidence to solve the case.

Media coverage
On 26 September 2005, Van der Sloot told the American television show A Current Affair that neither he nor the Kalpoe brothers had sex with Holloway, but he admitted that they initially agreed to lie to the authorities. He said that they first told police that Holloway was dropped off alone at her hotel, while he later said that he was dropped off with her at the beach. Van der Sloot stated that he left Holloway alone at the beach at her request and that he regretted it.

On 6 February 2006, on ABC's Good Morning America, Van der Sloot's parents stated that their son was unfairly singled out and that the investigation left them devastated. Later that month, while Van der Sloot and his father were in New York City for an interview with ABC's Primetime, they were served with a lawsuit filed by Natalee's parents, Beth and Dave Holloway, alleging personal injury; the case was dismissed on jurisdictional grounds that August.

In April 2007 Van der Sloot and a reporter published a book describing the case. Van der Sloot began writing the book while attending business classes in Arnhem. He stated in the introduction, "I see this book as my opportunity to be open and honest about everything that happened, for anyone who wants to read it."

2007 search and arrest
On 27 April 2007, a new search involving some 20 investigators was launched at Van der Sloot's parents' home in Aruba. Dutch authorities searched the yard and surrounding area, using shovels and thin metal rods to probe the ground. A spokesman for the prosecutor's office, Vivian van der Biezen, stated: "The investigation has never stopped and the Dutch authorities are completely reviewing the case for new indications." A statement released directly from the prosecutor's office stated: "The team has indications that justify a more thorough search." Investigators did not comment on what prompted the new search, except that it was not related to Van der Sloot's book.

On 21 November 2007, Van der Sloot and the Kalpoe brothers were re-arrested in Arnhem and Aruba, respectively, for "suspicion of involvement in voluntary manslaughter and causing serious bodily harm that resulted in the death of Natalee Holloway" because of what the Aruba prosecutor's office stated was "new incriminating evidence" related to Holloway's disappearance. Van der Sloot returned to Aruba on 23 November, and a court hearing on 26 November ruled to continue his detention for eight days. The Kalpoe brothers were released on 1 December. Van der Sloot was ordered released on 7 December; he was released without charge the same day.

2008 Dutch television sting operations
On 11 January 2008, after being challenged on the Dutch late-night talk show Pauw & Witteman by crime reporter Peter de Vries, Van der Sloot threw a glass of red wine in De Vries's face. On 3 February, an undercover video made by De Vries aired on Dutch television, purporting to show Van der Sloot smoking marijuana and admitting to being present during Holloway's death. The show was watched by 7 million viewers in the Netherlands and was the most popular non-sports program in Dutch television history.

Patrick van der Eem, working undercover for De Vries, had befriended Van der Sloot, who was unaware that he was being taped when he said that Holloway had suffered some kind of seizure while having sex with him on the beach. After failing to revive her, Van der Sloot said that he summoned a friend named "Daury". The two men neither phoned for medical help nor checked Holloway to determine if she might still be alive. "Daury", according to Van der Sloot, volunteered to load her onto a boat; he then dumped Holloway's body into the sea. The prosecutor in Aruba determined the video was admissible, but the evidence was deemed "insufficient" to warrant any arrests. Although the taped confession appeared damning, Van der Sloot maintained that he had been lying to Van der Eem in order to impress him, believing his new acquaintance to be a drug dealer.

On 22 September 2008, in New York City, De Vries, accompanied by Beth Holloway, accepted an International Emmy Award in Current Affairs for his coverage of Natalee Holloway's disappearance. Under pressure generated by the Pauw & Witteman program, Van der Sloot voluntarily checked into a psychiatric clinic, before departing the Netherlands for Thailand. He moved to Muang Ake, a suburb of Bangkok, intending to study business at Rangsit University, but dropped out and bought Sawadee Cup, a restaurant next to the campus that served sandwiches and pizza.

In November 2008, De Vries aired undercover footage of Van der Sloot making preparations for the apparent sex trafficking of Thai women in Bangkok into Europe. De Vries claimed that Van der Sloot was making $13,000 for every woman sold into prostitution in the Netherlands. Van der Sloot had been using the alias "Murphy Jenkins" in order to avoid Thai authorities. Peruvian Minister of Justice Aurelio Pastor later was to state that Thailand was pursuing criminal charges against Van der Sloot. According to National Enquirer, he was being investigated by Thai authorities for his involvement in the disappearance of young women he may have recruited for a Thai sex slave gang while posing as a production consultant for a modeling agency that, ostensibly, would send them to Europe to work as models.

Van der Sloot was portrayed by actor Jacques Strydom in the Lifetime television film Natalee Holloway (2009), based on Beth Holloway's book about her daughter's disappearance. The film brought in the highest television ratings in Lifetime's then-eleven-year history. Van der Sloot himself watched the film one evening in 2010, according to his friend, John Ludwick, and said that some parts were true while others were not. The film was followed by a sequel, Justice for Natalee Holloway (2011), in which Van der Sloot was played by actor Stephen Amell.

In August 2009, Van der Sloot was spotted in Macau at the Asia Pacific Poker Tour. He won over US$12,000 that year in an online poker tournament. Van der Sloot described himself on his YouTube page as "a professional poker player" and cited Barry Greenstein's 2005 poker strategy guide as his favorite book.

In early 2010, following the death of his father, Paulus, he sold his Bangkok restaurant business and returned to Aruba.

Father's involvement in the case
Paulus van der Sloot was arrested on 22 June 2005, for questioning in Holloway's disappearance. He was ordered released on 26 June after three days of questioning. According to Aruba's chief prosecutor, one of the Kalpoe brothers told investigators that Paulus, who at the time was training to be a judge, advised his son that, without a body, the police would have no case. Beth Holloway pursued Van der Sloot's parents in the media circus on Aruba which ensued after Natalee's disappearance. She stated that Paulus acknowledged that they could not control their son and had sent him to a psychiatrist.

On 10 November 2005, Paulus won an unjust detention action against the Aruban government, clearing him as a suspect and allowing him to retain his government contract. Paulus van der Sloot then brought a second action, seeking monetary damages for himself and his family because of his false arrest. The action was initially successful, but the award of 40,000 Aruban florins (US$22,300) was reversed on appeal. The family's finances had become depleted by their legal expenses. In January 2007, Paulus found work as a managing partner at the law firm that had represented him.

On 24 November 2008, Fox News's On the Record aired an interview with Joran van der Sloot in which he said that he sold Holloway into sexual slavery, receiving money both when Holloway was taken and, later, to keep quiet. He also alleged that he paid the Kalpoe brothers for their assistance, and that his father Paulus paid off two police officers who had learned that Holloway was taken to Venezuela. Van der Sloot later retracted the statements he had made in the interview. The show aired part of an audio recording provided by Van der Sloot, which he alleged was a phone conversation between himself and Paulus, in which Paulus displayed knowledge of his son's purported involvement in human trafficking. According to prosecutor Hans Mos, the other voice heard on the recording was not that of Paulus. The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf reported that the "father's" voice was almost certainly that of Joran, trying to speak in a lower tone.

On 8 January 2010, Paulus ended his partnership at the law firm where he had been working. On 10 February 2010, while playing tennis in Aruba, he died of a heart attack at age 57. Joran van der Sloot returned to Aruba soon afterward and took up gambling. His mother, Anita, later remarked that Van der Sloot had severe mental problems and had blamed himself for his father's death. He had left for Aruba before she could have him involuntarily committed, leaving a note: "I'm gone, do not worry."

2010 charges in the United States
Around 29 March 2010, Van der Sloot allegedly contacted John Q. Kelly, Beth Holloway's legal representative, with an offer to reveal the location of Natalee's body and the circumstances surrounding her death for an advance of $25,000 against a total of $250,000. Kelly said that he secretly went to Aruba in April to meet with Van der Sloot, who was desperate for money, and gave him $100. Kelly notified the FBI, which set up a sting operation with the Aruban authorities.

On 10 May, Van der Sloot allegedly accepted the sum of $15,000 by wire transfer to his account in the Netherlands, following a cash payment of $10,000 that was videotaped by undercover investigators in Aruba. In exchange, Van der Sloot told Kelly that his father buried Holloway's remains in the foundation of a house. Authorities determined that this information was false, because the house had not yet been built at the time of Holloway's disappearance. Van der Sloot later e‑mailed Kelly that he lied about the house. Beth Holloway was shocked that the FBI did not promptly file extortion charges against Van der Sloot, allowing him to leave freely with the money to Bogotá on his way to Lima. The FBI and the office of the U.S. Attorney contended that the case had not yet been sufficiently developed to enable filing the charges.

On 3 June 2010, the U.S. District Court of Northern Alabama charged Van der Sloot with extortion and wire fraud. U.S. Attorney Joyce White Vance issued an arrest warrant through Interpol to have him prosecuted in the United States. On 4 June, at the request of the U.S. Justice Department, Dutch authorities raided and confiscated items from two homes in the Netherlands, one of them belonging to reporter Jaap Amesz, who had previously interviewed Van der Sloot, and who claimed knowledge of his criminal activities.

Aruban investigators used information gathered from the extortion case to perform a new search at a beach, but no new evidence was found. Aruba's Solicitor-General's office stated they would not seek Van der Sloot's extradition to Aruba. On 30 June, a U.S. federal grand jury formally indicted Van der Sloot on the two charges. The indictment, filed with the U.S. District Court, sought the forfeiture of the $25,100 that had been paid to Van der Sloot.

In an interview published by De Telegraaf on 6 September 2010, Van der Sloot admitted to the extortion plot, stating: "I wanted to get back at Natalee's family. Her parents have been making my life tough for five years." His attorney said that his client was not paid for the interview, and suggested instead that "maybe there were some mistakes in the translation."

On 9 March 2014, the Peruvian government announced that Van der Sloot would face extradition to the U.S. in the year 2038 to face charges of extortion and wire fraud, after completion of his 28-year sentence in Peru for the murder of Stephany Tatiana Flores Ramírez (see below).

In February 2016, an undercover reporter filmed Van der Sloot confessing to Natalee Holloway's murder. The movie shows Van der Sloot, in Dutch, laughing over how he never told the truth about the whole event and that he did in fact kill Holloway. His Peruvian wife is also present during this conversation.

2023 extradition to the United States, and confession
On 8 June 2023, Van der Sloot was extradited from Peru to the United States, landing at Birmingham Airport in Birmingham, Alabama just before 2:30 p.m. After arriving in Birmingham, he was taken into U.S. custody and transferred to the Hoover City Jail. On 9 June, he was arraigned in the federal court in Birmingham on one count of extortion and one count of wire fraud against Beth Holloway, Natalee Holloway's mother. He pleaded not guilty to each charge.

On 18 October 2023, in a proffer letter as part of a plea deal, Van der Sloot admitted to beating Holloway to death on an Aruba beach. According to an interview transcript, Van der Sloot bludgeoned her head with a cinder block and disposed of her body in the ocean. Judge Anna Manasco sentenced van der Sloot to 20 years on the extortion charges, which will run concurrently with his existing Peru sentence.

Murder of Stephany Flores
On 30 May 2010 — the fifth anniversary of Holloway's disappearance — Stephany Tatiana Flores Ramírez, 21, died at the Hotel TAC, in the Miraflores District of Lima, Peru. On 2 June, a hotel employee found her beaten body in room 309, which had been registered in Van der Sloot's name. He had departed from the hotel without returning the room key and left the television turned on. A tennis racquet, identified by the coroner as a possible homicide weapon, was recovered from the room.

A hotel guest and an employee came forward to say they saw Van der Sloot and the victim entering the hotel room together, and the police obtained video of the two playing cards at the same table the night before at the Atlantic City Casino in Lima. Van der Sloot had entered Peru via Colombia on 14 May 2010 to attend the Latin American Poker Tour.

Flores was a business student who was less than a year from graduation at the University of Lima. She was the daughter of Ricardo Flores, a former president of the Peruvian Automobile Club and winner of the "Caminos del Inca" rally in 1991. A prominent businessman and entertainment organizer, he ran for vice president in 2001 and for president five years later on fringe tickets.

Ricardo Flores said that police found date rape drugs in his daughter's car, parked about 50 blocks from the hotel where she died. Her jewelry, money, identification, and credit cards were missing, including about $1,000 her father had given her to purchase a laptop computer, and over $10,000 she had won earlier at the casino. Flores reportedly kept this money in her car, but a police search found no money in it.

After Flores's family reported her missing, police retrieved the hotel security surveillance tape and obtained Van der Sloot's name and national identification number. Her brother's wife discovered Van der Sloot's background in a Google search about an hour before her body was found.

2010 arrest
Peruvian officials named Van der Sloot as the lone suspect in the homicide investigation. An Interpol notice was issued regarding Van der Sloot and it was believed that he had fled to Chile, possibly intending to return to Aruba through Argentina. Van der Sloot was sighted entering Chile via the Chacalluta border crossing, north of Arica, on 31 May 2010. His ex-girlfriend, Melody Granadillo, said that Van der Sloot sent her a text message asking for money to buy a ticket back to Aruba.

On 3 June, Van der Sloot was arrested near Curacaví by the Investigations Police of Chile while traveling in a rented taxi on highway 68 between the coastal city of Viña del Mar and the capital of Santiago. He was found with a laptop, foreign currency, a business card case, detailed charts of ocean currents around Lima, and bloody clothes. His phone's SIM card was missing, which made mobile phone tracking of his location impossible.

He told Chilean police that unidentified armed robbers hid in the hotel room and killed Flores when she disobeyed their order to be quiet. Van der Sloot's Dutch attorney claimed that his client was on his way to Santiago to turn himself in. He was subsequently expelled and transported by Chilean police in a Cessna 310 back to Arica to be handed over to Peruvian authorities at the Chacalluta border crossing on 4 June.

Van der Sloot arrived at Lima police headquarters on 5 June, where he was interrogated about the Flores murder while represented by attorney Luz Maria Romero Chinchay. The Dutch embassy provided a translator for his defense. He was held in a seventh-floor cell and permitted to contact his mother. Van der Sloot was placed on suicide watch by guards after it was reported that he deliberately hit his head against a wall. On 10 June, he was moved to a cell at the prosecutor's office in central Lima.

Forensic investigation
Surveillance video from the Atlantic City Casino recorded Flores winning $10,000 at a baccarat table area on 25 May 2010, while accompanied by a male friend who was not van der Sloot. According to casino spokesperson Luis Laos, she also won $237 playing poker on 29 May and it was common for people to know the identities of big winners. Laos stated that van der Sloot did not win any money that night. At 3:00 a.m. on 30 May, Flores was recorded entering the casino alone and walking to a poker table where Van der Sloot was sitting. Van der Sloot had not registered for the Latin American Poker Tour. The deadline to pay the $2,700 entry fee for the 2 June event at the casino was 30 May.

Police released hotel security video showing van der Sloot and Flores entering the Hotel TAC together at about 5:00 a.m. on 30 May. At about 8:10 a.m., he is shown walking across the street to a supermarket and returning with bread and two cups of coffee. Around 8:45 a.m., he is seen leaving the hotel alone with his bags.

An autopsy ruled that Flores did not have sexual intercourse before her death, and that she was not under the influence of enough alcohol to prevent her from resisting an attack. She suffered blunt-force trauma to her head, which caused a brain hemorrhage, cranial fracture, and broken neck. She also suffered significant injuries to her face and showed signs of asphyxiation, according to court documents. Flores tested positive for the presence of amphetamines. The lab report does not indicate whether the victim took the drugs willingly or unknowingly.

The stains on van der Sloot's clothes matched Flores's blood type. Blood was also found on the floor, hallway, and mattress in the hotel room. Police stated that DNA tests would be conducted on the clothes, skin found under the victim's fingernails, and the previously recovered tennis racquet. Ricardo Flores stated in interviews that his daughter's body needed to be exhumed to gather the fingernail DNA evidence, and that her body had not been cremated for this reason.

On 14 March 2011, the National Police of Peru provided a copy of the hard disk drive from van der Sloot's laptop computer to the FBI. Colonel Oscar González, of the technical division of the Peruvian police, stated that the U.S. federal investigation was interested in information related to Holloway's disappearance and the alleged extortion of her family. Peruvian detectives determined that the laptop accessed information about the Holloway case before Flores arrived in van der Sloot's hotel room; it was then used to visit two poker Web sites at around the time Flores was present in the room. According to a police dossier, the laptop was later used to search Google for the subjects "Relationship between the Peruvian and Chilean police", "Chilean border pass", "buses in Chile", and "countries that do not extradite in Latin America".

Confession and retraction
On 7 June 2010, Van der Sloot reportedly confessed to killing Flores, following hours of interrogation. He had initially proclaimed his innocence. According to an expert in Peruvian law, the confession fit a defense strategy of trying to get the charge reduced to manslaughter, which is punishable by six to twenty years in prison, while a conviction for murder could result in up to 35 years' imprisonment. The prosecution was seeking a sentence of 30 years.

Peru does not issue life sentences in standard cases of murder and has abolished capital punishment in all but exceptional circumstances, such as crimes committed under military law. A life sentence can be issued for a murder committed during the commission of a robbery. Peruvian president Alan García Pérez used the case to seek the reinstatement of the death penalty for murder.

In his written confession released by Peruvian police, Van der Sloot recounted that he briefly left the hotel to get some coffee and bread and returned to find Flores using his laptop computer without his permission. A police source stated that she might have found information linking him to the disappearance of Holloway. An altercation allegedly began, and she attempted to escape. According to the aforementioned written confession released by Peruvian authorities, Van der Sloot stated,
 * "I did not want to do it. The girl intruded into my private life ... she didn't have any right. I went to her and I hit her. She was scared, we argued, and she tried to escape. I grabbed her by the neck and hit her."

Van der Sloot reportedly stated that he was high on marijuana at the time. A detective linked to the case said that Van der Sloot considered getting rid of the body in a suitcase, but decided against it because he would have been stopped at the front desk. He then reportedly drank espresso and took amphetamines to counter fatigue before fleeing the hotel.

Criminal police chief Cesar Guardia said Van der Sloot "let slip that he knew the place" where Holloway's body is buried. Guardia stated that the interrogation was limited to their case in Peru, which he considered "practically closed", and that questions about Holloway's disappearance were avoided. Guardia said that the confession contains lies because Van der Sloot's "toxicological report shows no signs that he had ingested any kind of drug." Felonies committed under the influence of drugs can gain leniency in Peruvian courts.

Guardia said that the motive for the crime was robbery. Van der Sloot reportedly offered a different motive for killing Flores, stating that he "feared that she would go to the police". On 14 June, Peruvian authorities released written transcripts of Van der Sloot's alleged confession. His mother Anita expressed concern that her son's confession might have been coerced. According to Van der Sloot's former attorney, his mother advised him not to make any statements or sign anything, but it was too late.

Van der Sloot later retracted this confession in a prison cell interview with De Telegraaf, claiming that he had been coerced and "tricked" by police with a promise to be transferred to the Netherlands. He stated that at the time he signed the confession documents, he did not understand the content as it was in Spanish. He was quoted: "In my blind panic, I signed everything, but didn't even know what it said." Van der Sloot said that he was lured to Peru and framed by another gambler, named Elton Garcia, who he claimed was working undercover for the FBI.

Van der Sloot's attorney, Maximo Alonso Altez Navarro, stated his intention to resign from the case because representing Van der Sloot "created many problems" for him. He had been threatened and harassed for taking the case, and Van der Sloot's family was unable to afford his legal fees. Navarro stayed on to file a motion to void the confession, on the grounds that his client was not properly represented during his interrogation. On 25 June, Superior Court Judge Wilder Casique Alvizuri rejected the motion, noting that Van der Sloot had been represented by a state-appointed lawyer and provided a translator by the Dutch embassy prior to his confession. Navarro commented that Van der Sloot was as "depressed" as anyone in prison would be.

Criminal proceedings
On 11 June 2010, Lima Superior Court Judge Juan Buendia ordered Van der Sloot held on charges of first-degree murder and robbery, determining that he acted with "ferocity and great cruelty". Under Peruvian law, Van der Sloot was not eligible to be released on bail, and would be tried by a panel of three judges rather than a jury. A simple majority of the three was required for conviction. Police transported Van der Sloot on the same day from Lima's Palace of Justice in an armored truck, while angry onlookers yelled and threw rotten lettuce. He was taken to the Miguel Castro Castro maximum security prison and placed in a cell near the prison director's office for his own safety.

He was registered as inmate 326390 and separated from the general prison population, under 24-hour guard, in a high-security cell block housing only one other inmate. Van der Sloot reportedly offered to disclose the location of Holloway's body in exchange for transfer to an Aruban prison, because he feared for his life. Peruvian president Garcia Pérez declared that Van der Sloot would have to stand trial for the homicide before any extradition request would be considered. He stated that Van der Sloot would serve his prison sentence in Peru. No treaty exists for the transfer of prisoners between Peru and the Netherlands.

On 15 June, Aruban and Peruvian authorities announced that they would cooperate in their respective cases involving Van der Sloot. Aruban investigators expected to be able to interview Van der Sloot in Peru in August, once Peruvian authorities had completed their investigation. At his first formal hearing within the on-site courtroom of Miguel Castro Castro prison on 21 June, Van der Sloot refused to discuss the case with Judge Carlos Morales Cordova, claiming that his right to due process had been violated. Van der Sloot filed a complaint with the National Police of Peru, accusing chief detective Miguel Angel Canlla Ore of misconduct. He also claimed that his laptop had been improperly searched.

Van der Sloot's defense counsel filed a motion of habeas corpus, disputing the legality of his detention, and to nullify statements he gave to police. The motion was declared baseless by Superior Court Judge Wilder Casique Alvizuri on 25 June. Casique Alvizuri upheld all three depositions given by Van der Sloot to police, and stated that the defendant's laptop was sealed by the court. Navarro vowed to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court of Peru and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, with a legal strategy to "paralyze the process". The Peruvian court replied that this approach would not succeed in delaying the case against Van der Sloot.

Navarro stated that he filed suit against Chinchay, who initially represented Van der Sloot during his interrogation, charging her with abuse of authority, conspiracy to commit a crime, and misrepresentation, as he did not find her name on the list of public defenders from Peru's Ministry of Justice. Navarro also filed a complaint against Van der Sloot's translator, insisting that he misrepresented himself as an official translator of the Dutch embassy.

Chinchay rejected the claims against her, stating that Van der Sloot had selected her as a private attorney after declining another defense attorney, appointed by the state. She contradicted his claims that Van der Sloot did not understand what he was signing, stating that she was able to speak with him in perfect Spanish. She said that Van der Sloot expressed interest in talking about the Holloway case, thinking that it might get him extradited to Aruba. Chinchay also said that, when she told Van der Sloot that she noticed he was signing various documents with very different signatures, he signaled for her to be quiet.

Navarro stated, on 21 August 2010, that the case was stagnating, because an official interpreter was unable to be found for the case in Peru. The Peruvian association of translators and interpreters and the Dutch embassy both separately stated at the time that they had been unable to locate anyone to officially translate Spanish into Dutch. Unlike Aruba and the United States, Peru does not guarantee the right to a speedy trial. On 6 September, a Peruvian appeals court voted 2 to 1 to reject Van der Sloot's motion that he was being unlawfully held. Peruvian statutes permit a suspect to be detained for up to 18 months for interrogation, though Navarro expressed skepticism that law enforcement officers would do so with his client.

In February 2011, Navarro filed a "violent emotion" defense with the court, arguing that Van der Sloot had entered into a state of temporary insanity because Flores found out about his connection to Holloway from his laptop computer. Under Peruvian law, if the judge accepts this crime of passion argument, the sentence for such a plea could be reduced to only 3 to 5 years; Navarro noted that this could allow Van der Sloot to be eligible for parole in as soon as 20 months. Oscar González of the Peruvian police stated that an examination of Van der Sloot's laptop determined that Flores could not have accessed any such information while she was staying in the hotel room with him.

During the trial, the prosecution prepared a psychological investigation of Van der Sloot, saying that he "presents traits of an antisocial personality" and is "indifferent toward others' well-being".

Guilty plea and conviction
On 11 January 2012, Van der Sloot pleaded guilty to the "qualified murder" and simple robbery of Flores. He was convicted and sentenced to 28 years' imprisonment for the murder on 13 January and he must pay $75,000 to the Flores family. Hours after learning of the sentence, Van der Sloot was transferred to a maximum security prison, Piedras Gordas, located north of Lima. He was expected to be released on 10 June 2038, until drug trafficking conviction which earned him additional time in prison.

In August 2014, Van der Sloot was transferred to Challapalca prison, in the mountainous South of Peru, where conditions are harsh due to the location's altitude. Two months later, a Dutch online news service claimed that Van der Sloot was stabbed and critically injured by fellow prisoners in Peru. Van der Sloot's wife's claim of a stabbing is contested by Peruvian authorities.

Public reaction
Public outcry in Peru has been fueled by local media, which labeled Van der Sloot a "monster", "serial killer", and "psychopath". The coverage of this controversy highlighted cases of other women dying at the hands of foreigners. Peruvian and Colombian newspapers published articles about the investigation of the disappearance of two young women who frequented casinos during Van der Sloot's stay in at least two Bogotá hotels from 6 to 14 May 2010, prior to entering Peru.

The Administrative Department of Security of Colombia does not consider Van der Sloot a suspect, as they believe his presence in Bogotá was merely in transit to Peru. Dutch daily newspaper Trouw warned that the overwhelming pressure on authorities of Van der Sloot's presumed guilt risked turning the case into a show trial. The Dutch consulate told Peruvian authorities that it was concerned how Van der Sloot was being treated and presented to the media.

In December 2010, Time magazine named Van der Sloot's arrest the most notable criminal event of the year, ahead of the Belgian love triangle skydiving-murder case, the Chinese school attacks and the Elizabeth Smart kidnapping trial. ABC News listed the coverage of Van der Sloot's murder confession by Good Morning America among the most read stories from its website in 2010. The CBS affiliate near Holloway's hometown named the criminal charges filed against Van der Sloot in 2010 among the top ten stories of the year. Radio Netherlands Worldwide identified him as one of the most talked about Dutch people of the year.

Media coverage at Miguel Castro prison
Van der Sloot's cell became the target of a media circus, with reporters vying to gain exclusive access and report about his prison surroundings. Since his incarceration, he has consented to interviews only with De Telegraaf, in which he admitted to extorting the Holloway family and said that he received a number of marriage proposals in his cell, including one from a woman who wanted to have his child. Van der Sloot reportedly receives fan mail from around the world, though mostly from women residing in the United States and the Netherlands. According to sources within the prison, Van der Sloot sought $1 million in exchange for an on-camera interview.

The Office of Internal Affairs of the National Penitentiary Institute of Peru began administrative and disciplinary action on 23 August 2010, when Peruvian network América Televisión aired a picture of Van der Sloot with three other inmates that had been taken with official photographic equipment at Miguel Castro Castro prison. The photo included Van der Sloot casually posing with Colombian hitman Hugo Trujillo Ospina, and American murderer William Trickett Smith II. Van der Sloot and Smith have been referred to by local media as "the foreigners accused of the most talked-about assassinations in our country".

On 11 September 2010, Beth Holloway and De Vries traveled to Peru with a Dutch television crew to visit the prison. According to Navarro, his client was taken to meet them "practically by force". Navarro stated that the meeting with Holloway took "less than one minute". Holloway said that she told Van der Sloot that she had "no hate in her soul" for him and asked about her daughter's disappearance, to which Van der Sloot responded he could not speak to her without his lawyer present and handed her Navarro's business card. However, Holloway also stated in interviews about the encounter,
 * "I've hated him for five years. I wanted to peel his skin off."

According to Navarro, Holloway was sneaked into the prison without identifying to the Dutch television crew who she was. A prison spokesperson stated that Holloway's name was not found in the visitor registry. Holloway and the crew were removed from the prison, reportedly after a hidden camera was discovered by the guards. Representatives for Holloway and De Vries denied that a hidden camera was involved, or that anything was seized. Miguel Castro Castro prison warden, Alex Samamé Peña, was suspended after video segments of the confrontation between Holloway's mother and Van der Sloot later began airing on the Dutch network SBS6.

In October 2010, América Televisión broadcast video of a transaction for marijuana within the prison that was conducted by a shirtless man addressed as "gringo Van der Sloot". Navarro said that the situation was "staged" and asked the National Penitentiary Institute to investigate how it was leaked. Prison spokesperson Bruno Guzman said that Van der Sloot had been painting his cell "to improve his conditions" and the incident was being investigated.

Van der Sloot's mother, Anita, stated in a Dutch interview that her son could have killed Flores, and that she will not visit him at the prison. She said in another interview that she hopes to talk to the family of the victim and apologize to them.
 * "I believe in karma, I believe that very strongly. I believe that if you do things that you shouldn't do, that a lot of shit happens to you," she said. "He didn't want to listen to his parents. He didn't listen to me, this last time. I tried to do my best. I don't think I could have done more. He's considered an adult right now. He has to do whatever he needs to do, and that is tell the truth (about) what happened." — Anita v.d. Sloot-Hugen (2010 Dutch TV interview)

In February 2011, Navarro protested a decision by prison officials to deny Radio Netherlands Worldwide permission for a subsequent interview with Van der Sloot. Navarro claimed that the ruling was influenced by upcoming general elections.

Drug trafficking in Peru
In February 2021, Van der Sloot was convicted of drug trafficking while serving his sentence in Challapalca Prison in Juliaca. He had set up a cocaine trafficking operation inside the prison, where a family member of a fellow detainee used sugar beets to smuggle cocaine into the prison in August 2020. Van der Sloot proceeded to deal the cocaine inside the prison, as well as setting up a trafficking network by forwarding packages of cocaine from the prison to other destinations abroad. He was eventually found out by prison officials.

Van der Sloot had an additional 18 years added to his original sentence. He is scheduled for release in 2045, because of a Peruvian law prohibiting prison sentences from exceeding a maximum of 35 years when the prisoner has not been sentenced to life imprisonment.

Personal life
On 4 July 2014, Van der Sloot married a Peruvian woman named Leidy Figueroa, whom he met while she was selling goods inside the prison. She was seven months pregnant with his child at the time. On 28 September 2014, Figueroa gave birth to a daughter in Peru. The two divorced at some point in 2023, and Figueroa stated later in the year that she intends to change her daughter's last name to avoid any association with her former husband.

title: Joran van der Sloot


text:
Alan Hantman

Alan Michael Hantman, FAIA (born October 13, 1942) is an American architect who served as the 10th Architect of the Capitol from February 1997 until February 2007. As Architect of the Capitol, he was responsible to the United States Congress for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex.

During the week of July 24, 2006, Hantman informed the House and Senate leadership that he would not seek a second ten-year term. Upon Hantman's retirement on February 2, 2007, the Chief Operating Officer of the Architect of the Capitol, Stephen T. Ayers, became the Acting Architect of the Capitol, and was subsequently confirmed to that post in his own right.

Hantman graduated from the City College of New York with a bachelor's degree in architecture and earned a master's degree in urban planning from the City University of New York Graduate Center. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Architects, is certified by the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards and is currently licensed in the state of New York. Prior to his appointment he was Vice President of Facilities Planning and Architecture for the Rockefeller Center Management Corporation of New York City for 10 years and then served as their consultant. He received the Sidney L. Strauss Award from the New York Society of Architects for his work at the Center.

A long-time resident of Teaneck, New Jersey, Hantman subsequently relocated to nearby Fort Lee. He was involved in a project to develop a Holocaust memorial that would be located on the Teaneck municipal green.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alan Hantman


text:
User talk:Jacob Andrew

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Eliezer 06:41, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
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TV3 Article/Grammer
Hi Jacob. I've noticed that you're the author of the 3 News page. In future, when creating articles - try not to take such a biased approach and use Wiki style of writing. For pointers, try the Community Portal for help. Cheers.--Matt von Furrie 09:02, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jacob Andrew


text:
Schönholzerswilen

Schönholzerswilen is a municipality in the district of Münchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

History
Schönholzerswilen is probably first mentioned in 857 as Wichrammeswilare. In 1216 it was mentioned as Wilær and in 1693 it was mentioned as Schönholtzerß Wÿlen. Between 1803 and 1964, the Ortsgemeinden of Schönholzerswilen and Toos formed the Munizipalgemeinde of Schönholzerswilen. In 1964 both communities merged to form the political municipality of Schönholzerswilen.

Numerous neolithic objects, including stone axes and neolithic grave mounds, indicate that the area was inhabited anciently. Additionally, Roman era coins have been discovered in the municipality. Very little is known about the village in the Middle Ages, except for several brief entries in historic records. In 1439 the Abbey of St. Gallen bought the low court rights in the village from Ulrich von St. Johann. The Abbey combined the village of Schönholzerswilen along with Heiligkreuz, Wuppenau and half of Toos to form a single court. Many of the surrounding farm houses remained part of the Freigericht Thurlinden (Free Court of Thurlinden) instead of being incorporated into the Abbey's court. The Freigericht Thurlinden remained independent of Schönholzerswilen until the creation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

Schönholzerswilen was probably a full parish by 1275. However, over the following years it decreased in importance and by 1508 the village church was just a filial church under the parish of Bussnang. When the parish of Bussnang converted during the Protestant Reformation, the abbot of St. Gallen forced Schönholzerswilen to remain Catholic. Schönholzerswilen remained Catholic until 1677. In 1718 they received a priest from Zürich. Zurich continued to appoint the village priest until 1843. Starting in 1820, the Catholics in the village were part of the parish of Wuppenau. This lasted for over thirty years, until in 1854 a Catholic parish was established in the municipality.

Geography
Schönholzerswilen has an area,, of 10.94 km2. Of this area, 7.72 km2 or 70.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.36 km2 or 21.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8 km2 or 7.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.05 km2 or 0.5% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.6%. Out of the forested land, 19.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 60.1% is used for growing crops, while 10.5% is used for orchards or vine crops.

The municipality is located in the Münchwilen district, on a ridge of the Gabrisstock between Bürglen (in Thurgau) and Wil (in St. Gallen). It consists of the village of Schönholzerswilen and the hamlets of Hagenwil, Leutenegg and Ritzisbuhwil as well as others.

Demographics
Schönholzerswilen has a population of  , 4.4% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. Most of the population speaks German(98.9%), with Portuguese being second most common ( 0.3%) and French being third ( 0.1%).

, the gender distribution of the population was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. The population was made up of 374 Swiss men (48.4% of the population), and 16 (2.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 365 Swiss women (47.2%), and 18 (2.3%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 5 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 4 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man and 1 non-Swiss man who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 4 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was an increase of 6 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 15 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.8%.

The age distribution,, in Schönholzerswilen is; 92 children or 11.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 148 teenagers or 19.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 72 people or 9.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 91 people or 11.8% are between 30 and 39, 140 people or 18.2% are between 40 and 49, and 83 people or 10.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 56 people or 7.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 60 people or 7.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 25 people or 3.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older.

, there were 246 private households in the municipality, and an average of 3. persons per household. there were 115 single family homes (or 89.8% of the total) out of a total of 128 inhabited buildings. There were 10 two family buildings (7.8%), 2 three family buildings (1.6%) and 1 multi-family buildings (or .8%). There were 128 (or 17.5%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 490 (or 67.0%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 32 (or 4.4%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 10 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 2 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 4 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 5 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing.

The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. there were 260 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 6-room apartment of which there were 103. There were – single room apartments and 103 apartments with six or more rooms.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 56.26% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (13.32%), the Green Party (9.09%) and the SP (6.86%). In the federal election, a total of 301 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 55.3%.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Toos-Waldi, a Bronze Age hill settlement is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Schönholzerswilen is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Economy
, Schönholzerswilen had an unemployment rate of 0.99%. , there were 153 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 56 businesses involved in this sector. 21 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 7 businesses in this sector. 61 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 17 businesses in this sector.

there were 504 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 211 or about 41.9% of the residents worked outside Schönholzerswilen while 33 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 326 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 4.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 46.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 263 or 36.0% were Roman Catholic, while 402 or 55.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there is 1 individual who belongs to the Orthodox Church, and there are 15 individuals (or about 2.05% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were there is 1 individual who is Islamic. 31 (or about 4.24% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 18 individuals (or about 2.46% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Schönholzerswilen about 75.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

title: Schönholzerswilen


text:
Talk:Dera Ismail Khan

Untitled
This place is also the origin of 'Derewallahs' like me, Karan Bhatia (refer o Bhatiya Bazaar in the city). After the partition the Bhatia clan left behind all their gold caskets and had to un for a new home in India. Presently Bhatia clan has been diversified into punjabis (mostly), sindhis and even gujaratis.

I don't know but i think that Bhatias are basically Bhatti rajputs. Yes there is still a Bhatiya bazar in D.I.khan, which is currently populated by mostly immigrant community from India that came here after partition. --Bhatti 13:20, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

"Dera is going to become part of Afghanistan soon" -CNN The correspondents referred to this change as a fatal transition for the people residing in Dera District.

Dera?
I am Lalit Bhatia, a Derawal. Dera means a place where you are settled. There were two brothers, namely Ismail Khan and Gazi Khan. Hence these two places in North west Frontier, now in Pakistan named after them as Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Gazi Khan.

Does Dera mean town or something? Ismail Khan was the man's name, but what is Dera? --AW (talk) 20:35, 23 February 2009 (UTC) --Anyone?? --AW (talk) 23:04, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Abode, settlement. Pahari Sahib  23:25, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Yes Dera means a gust house or part of a house use for upcoming gusts, people and travellers. Similarly Dera Ghazi Khan, Ghazi Khan is men's name and "Dera" means house of Ghazi Khan. I guess the word "Dera" is also used in Punjabi, Pahsto Sariaki and Sindhi with more or less similar meaning. Nice talking to you. Dr. Khalid Abdullah —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.153.140.121 (talk) 16:12, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

From: Lalit Bhatia. Son of Shri Amarnath Beharilal and Smt Mayadevi Bhatia. I am Proud to be called a Derawala. We have a glorious past of over 5000 years. We are the descendants of Lord Krishna. In ancient times there were two main sects viz, Suryavanshi and Chandravanshi and we belong to the latter. We are Kshtriya Rajputs. We originally belong to Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. Due to acute drought conditions, many families had to migrate to different parts of India. Many of our families reached upto ‘DERA ISMAIL KHAN’ in the North-West Frontier Province {now in Pakistan}. After the tragic partition of 1947, our families had to abandon their habitat and come to India to settle in different cities. Approx 150 families came to Mumbai. To bring together all these families, in the year 1960 an association was formed under the name of ‘BHATIA BIRADARI’. Holi was one festival celebrated together with pomp. But due to ‘distant staying’, this association came to an end. In the year 1980, some prominent people came forward and formed the ‘DERAWAL WELFARE SOCIETY’ and also got it registered. Thus once again the Holi festival came to be celebrated with great vigor and pomp. Another feather came to our hat in the year 1996, wherein we started “YATRA” i.e. visiting pilgrim sites. Our welfare society conducts medical camp and God forbid any member needs medical expense we are prepared for it. We have arranged funds for the needy children to continue with their education. We also encourage our children by felicitating them according to their merits. We have set a good example of unity among ourselves in the whole country. The younger generations have always come forward for the betterment of our society. Today we are proud that many of our members have reached to prominent positions and that our children are well educated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 111.91.102.67 (talk) 05:24, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Propose deleting "Notable residents during the British Era"
This lengthy section has a bunch of names, none of which have established notability on WP. In the majority of cases, I fail to see how the name of, say, a 1920s major sugar trader is a high priority in an otherwise brief article. I suggest we delete the entire section, any objections? MatthewVanitas (talk) 20:41, 23 September 2009 (UTC) == Dera? ==I am Lalit Bhatia, a Derawal. Dera means a place where you are settled. There were two brothers, namely Ismail Khan and Gazi Khan. Hence these two places in North west Frontier, now in Pakistan named after them as Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Gazi Khan.

find our routs
how many khuranas faimly belonge d.i.khan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.125.27.61 (talk) 11:49, 12 January 2010 (UTC) 68.58.152.138 (talk) 20:25, 24 April 2011 (UTC) Just a note that I am also from D.I.Khan and according to the common understanding, there were three brothers...Ismail Khan,Ghazi Khan and Fateh Khan. Dera Fateh Khan was located where Indus flows and was swept away by a flood.

Official language
Pashto is official language of Dera Ismail Khan kyberpukhtunwa. Punjabi and Balochi and spoken due migration people from punjab to khyberpukhtunwa. Someone can not can change solid history punjabi is also spoken language due to migration of people to Dera ismail khan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 42.83.85.113 (talk) 16:02, 22 May 2015 (UTC)

It is not possible because Ismail khan belongs to balochistan and saraiki speakers are much more than pashto speakers 182.185.48.187 (talk) 17:17, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

Genetically the largest ethnic group in D.I.Khan is Pashtun (80%) considering the fact that Alizai, Gandpurs, Sadozais, Kundis, Khattaks, Wazir and Mehsuds etc are all Pashtuns. However, the Saraiki language has to be a majority (Around 50-60%) while pashto speakers have to be between 30-40%. Especially considering the recent influx of populations due to war on terror. 39.40.172.174 (talk) 09:56, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.dawn.com/2008/08/21/top1.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\08\20\story_20-8-2008_pg1_9
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120112122855/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\10\02\story_2-10-2009_pg7_8 to http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009

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External links modified
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Ancient Pakistan
Casperti, you are being malicious in your rapid reverts. My reference was pretty clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zakaria1978 (talk • contribs) 17:47, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

 * The source you provide does not mention anything except that Hindu Shahi was active in this area which Wikipedia. It does not provide any information on the other information you added. This goes more into a WP:FICTREF and WP:ORIGINAL. Please provide sources that contain that information. Casperti (talk) 20:59, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

This is completely original research. This source is used to discuss the Gupta, Shunga, Kanishka, Nanda, Sakas etc, but:

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=gupta https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=shunga https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=kanishka https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=nanda https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=saka https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ancient_Pakistan/R4jiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=sakas

These words are not found even once in the source. Alishernavoi (talk) 07:08, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dera Ismail Khan


text:
G. Donald Harrison

George Donald Harrison (G. Donald Harrison) (April 21, 1889 – June 14, 1956) was responsible for the design of some of the finest and largest pipe organs in the United States. Born in Huddersfield, England, he first worked as a patent attorney in 1914 but after military service he began to pursue an interest in pipe organ building, working with Henry Willis & Sons of London.

After immigrating to America, Harrison joined the Skinner Organ Company in 1927 where he spent the remainder of his career. After the Skinner company merged with the Aeolian Organ Company, forming the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Company in 1933, he became the company's tonal director and president. While the bulk of his work was as a tonal designer and voicer, Harrison is most famous for his association with "American Classic" organ design. This design concept (its name coined by New Jersey state senator and fellow organ builder Emerson Lewis Richards) was partly a reaction to the proliferation of romantic-orchestral "symphonic organs" that had been in fashion to that point. The symphonic organ sought to emulate the effects of a symphony orchestra with imitative solo reeds, colorful flutes and warm string-toned stops. While these organs were well-suited to orchestral transcriptions, they lacked the clarity and brilliance needed to accurately play polyphonic music from the 18th century and earlier. On the other hand, the American Classic design sought to return to design principles of the 18th century, particularly the development of clean diapason choruses topped by brilliant mixtures. The voicing of these instruments allowed for a clear interpretation of fugal passages and chorale writing where each inner voice could be heard and articulated clearly.

However, American Classic organs also contained symphonic stops and expressive divisions akin to those found on Romantic organs, with a special emphasis placed on voices from the 19th- and early 20th-century French Romantic schools. By using this method of blending different organ stops from all eras of organ building, Harrison conceived the American Classic organ as a single instrument that could effectively and convincingly play music of all styles and eras with equal facility. In many of his instruments, he is considered to have achieved this goal, adapting his instruments effectively to the particular acoustic qualities of American concert halls and churches.

Harrison’s design concept was illustrated when he wrote: “To me, all art is international; one can draw from the best of all countries. I have used the technique at my disposal to produce instruments which I consider suitable for expressing the best in organ literature. I have no use for copying successful works of the past; such a method is doomed to failure. It seems to me the only way to build artistic and successful instruments is to have knowledge of what has gone before, and to thoroughly understand the underlying principles upon which the great works of the past have been based. The works produced are then originals, and while they can possess all the advantages of other good work, they have their own personality and reflect their own good time.”

The pipe organs at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, Church of the Advent in Boston, and at St. John’s Chapel in Groton, Massachusetts, are often as cited as the first “turning point” instruments produced under Harrison’s direction. Each contained Baroque-style stops on low wind pressure with several different high-pitched mixtures – a vast departure from the norm in organ building at the time. But Harrison’s characteristic wisdom, restraint and diplomacy ensured that these rather revolutionary instruments made their appearance without offense. The tide soon turned in American organ building, and before long it seemed that everyone wanted an Aeolian-Skinner in their church or institution. Other builders adapted their product to the new and evolving market as well.

A heavy smoker, Harrison died of a heart attack after weeks of overworking himself during hot summer months for the rebuilding of the E.M. Skinner organ at Saint Thomas Church Fifth Avenue for the 1956 American Guild of Organists national convention in New York City. Ernest M. Skinner, although much older, outlived Harrison by four years.

Aeolian-Skinner pipe organs built under Harrison's direction are considered by many to be the apotheosis of the American organ builder's art for their period. Unfortunately many of Harrison's masterworks have been altered, rebuilt or modified in such a way as to no longer be representative of his aesthetic.

 * Hill Auditorium, University of Michigan (1927 and 1955)
 * Princeton University Chapel (1927)
 * The Newberry Memorial Organ, Woolsey Hall, Yale University (1928)
 * St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Morristown, New Jersey) (1930)
 * Northrop Auditorium, University of Minnesota (1932-1935)
 * Grace Cathedral, San Francisco (1934) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Locust Street, Philadelphia (1937)
 * St. Bartholomew's Church, New York City (1937) Gallery organ.
 * Sage Chapel, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (1940)
 * Church of St. Mary the Virgin, New York City (1941)
 * Methuen Memorial Music Hall, Massachusetts (1947) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * The Riverside Church, New York City (1947)
 * The Mormon Tabernacle, Salt Lake City (1948) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * Symphony Hall, Boston (1949) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston (1952)
 * Annie Merner Chapel at MacMurray College, Jacksonville, Illinois (1952)
 * Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City (1953) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * Byrnes Auditorium, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, South Carolina (1955) G. Donald Harrison signature organ.
 * St. Thomas Church, Fifth Avenue, New York City (1956) G. Donald Harrison died during restoration of this organ for the NYC AGO conference.
 * First Presbyterian Church, Kilgore, Texas (1949) G. Donald Harrison signature organ. One of many that were voiced by Roy Perry in East Texas, and Shreveport, Louisiana. This organ is part of the East Texas Pipe Organ Festival.
 * Druid Hills Presbyterian Church, Atlanta, Georgia (1940)
 * Fullerton Auditorium, Limestone University, Gaffney, South Carolina (1946)

title: G. Donald Harrison


text:
User talk:Cw532

Hey Cw532, nice work updating the WDWCP page's. I was a VP Summer 03' and ST/EC GR Spring/Fall of 04'. Are you on facebook or Disneyalumni.com? Shifter55 00:58, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome
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title: User talk:Cw532


text: User talk:71.108.211.143

title: User talk:71.108.211.143


text:
Periș

Periș is a commune in the far northwestern corner of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. The commune is composed of three villages: Bălteni, Buriaș and Periș. It used to include Brătulești and Cocioc villages, until these were absorbed by other villages in the commune. In Romanian, its name means "a place where pear trees grow".

Geography
Periș is situated on the border of the county with Dâmbovița and Prahova counties, 33.5 km north of the capital city, Bucharest. It lies on the right bank of the river Ialomița and on both sides of the river Vlăsia.

The surface area of the commune is 77.97 km2, and its altitude ranges from 105 to 137 m above sea level.

History
It was the site of the Battle of Periș, on August 24, 1546, where Mircea the Shepherd, Voivode of Wallachia, launched a surprise attack on the boyars opposing his rule and greatly decimated them.

Natives

 * Grigore Băjenaru (1907–1986), writer
 * Dinu Cocea (1929–2013), actor, film director, and screenwriter
 * George Dumitrescu (1901–1972), poet

title: Periș


text: User:Cacophony/Gallery

title: User:Cacophony/Gallery


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Melissa O'Neil

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 13:30, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Melissa O'Neil
Delete - damn I wish every American Idol reject didn't try and create their own wikipedia article... Sherurcij 06:56, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * The article actually says she was on Canadian Idol. Now the top ten American Idol finalists each become notable enough to have their own articles.  Anyone know how much attention Canadian Idol finalists get?  Postdlf 07:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It just says she "qualified" through various nominations, I didn't read it as her advancing far enough into the competition of thousands to be one of the recognizable names; but I could easily be wrong. (For what it's worth, I'm Canadian and haven't heard of her...but I'm not exactly Canadian Idol material ;) ) Sherurcij 07:07, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, vanity. She's not very ambitious if her dream is only to see "Les Miserable" (sic; her dream should be to learn how to spell it). --Angr/undefined 07:34, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete every single "I was on (insert nationality of your choice) Idol!" vanity articles. These people have only one accomplishment bordering on notability- they sang in a reality show. Who will care in ten years? Nobody. --Scimitar parley 15:14, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn. --Idont Havaname 22:23, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Monicasdude 04:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. She is a member of the Top 10, not some reject who barely made it through the auditions.  --Keit 21:21, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity not notable nonsense! FunkyChicken! 23:19, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Ciolpani

Ciolpani is a commune in the northwestern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Ciolpani, Izvorani, Lupăria, Piscu and Țigănești.

Etymology
Its name is the plural of ciolpan, a Romanian word meaning "tree stump".

title: Ciolpani


text:
Gruiu

Gruiu is a commune in the northeastern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Its name in the Romanian language means "small hill". It is composed of four villages: Gruiu, Lipia, Siliștea Snagovului and Șanțu-Florești.

The commune is situated on the border with Prahova County, on the right bank of the river Ialomița and on the north and east banks of Lake Snagov. It is traversed by the A3 motorway, joining the capital city, Bucharest, to Ploiești; there is no exit from the highway in Gruiu.

title: Gruiu


text:
Nuci

Nuci is a commune in the northeastern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Its name means "walnut trees" in Romanian. It is composed of five villages: Balta Neagră, Merii Petchii, Micșuneștii Mari, Micșuneștii-Moară, and Nuci.

The commune is located in the northeastern corner of the county, bordering Prahova County and Ialomița County.

Natives

 * Gheorghe Chivu (born 1947), linguist and philologist

title: Nuci


text:
William L. Ensign

William L. "Bill" Ensign (1928–2010) served as Acting Architect of the Capitol from 1995 to 1997. He had previously served as Assistant Architect under George M. White. Upon White's retirement, Ensign assumed the responsibilities of Acting Architect until replaced by Alan M. Hantman, in January 1997. Under Hantman, Ensign's replacement as Assistant Architect was Michael G. Turnbull.

Ensign is also a former trustee of Tax-Free Fund For Utah and of cultural organizations.

Ensign spent his early career as a partner in a Washington architecture firm, McLeod, Ferrara and Ensign, which had a speciality in school and college design. He served as assistant architect of the Capitol from 1980 to 1995.

William Lloyd Ensign was born on the West Indian island of Trinidad on December 14, 1928, then under British control. His father was an American.

The younger Ensign was a 1950 civil and architectural engineering graduate of the University of Colorado. He received a master's degree in architecture from Columbia University in 1952 and then spent six years in the Navy.

He was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects and sat on the organization's national board. He was a former president of the AIA's Washington chapter. He received many awards from the AIA.

He died on December 7, 2010, in Bethesda, Maryland, at the age of 81.

title: William L. Ensign


text:
Grădiștea, Ilfov

Grădiștea is a commune in the northeastern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Grădiștea and Sitaru. Its name is of Slavic origin and has the meaning of the Latin word castrum. The name was used by the Slavs to locate the ruins of the old Roman fortifications.

title: Grădiștea, Ilfov


text:
Moara Vlăsiei

Moara Vlăsiei is a commune in the northern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Its name means "Mill of Wallachia[n forest]", and was called Căciulați until 1968, when its administrative center was moved from the village of Căciulați to Moara Vlăsiei (a village previously named Moara Săracă— the Poor Mill). It is composed of two villages, Căciulați and Moara Vlăsiei.

The village is home to Moara Vlăsiei Cricket Ground, the only cricket field in Romania.

Train stations in Căciulați and Moara Vlăsiei serve the CFR Line 700, which connects Bucharest with the Moldovan border at Giurgiulești.

title: Moara Vlăsiei


text:
Balotești

Balotești is a commune in the northwestern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Two small rivers flow through this location: Cociovaliștea and Vlăsia. It is composed of three villages: Balotești, Dumbrăveni, and Săftica.

Geography
The commune is situated on the banks of the Cociovaliștea river. The settlements are located mainly on the right bank of the river with uninhabited territory on the right bank of the Vlăsia river, the tributary of Cociovaliștea.

It is traversed by the DN1 national road, which connects Bucharest to Ploiești. In the village of Balotești, this road intersects with county road DJ101, which leads west to Corbeanca and Buftea, and east to Moara Vlăsiei, Grădiștea, and further into Ialomița County. The DJ200B road starts from DN1 at Săftica, intersects with DJ101 at Balotești and leads south to Tunari, Voluntari and Bucharest (Pipera).

Demography
According to the 2021 Romanian census, the population of the commune numbers 11,210 people. The inhabitants are a majority Romanians (83.75%), with a Romani minority (2.34%) and another 13.08% of unknown ethnicity. By religion, the inhabitants are 81.06% Orthodox and 14.97% of an unknown affiliation.

There are two churches in the commune:
 * Assumption of Our Lady Church, Balotești
 * Saint Nicholas, Theodor and Stylianos Church

History
Through archeological digs, it was determined that the area of the present commune had been inhabited since the Neolithic. The first record attesting Balotești comes from 12 February 1612, when Voivode Radu Șerban confirmed the estate ownership of the village of Balotești to Postelnic Ivașcu, son of Vent from Balotești. The name of the village and the present-day commune comes from a boyar, Balotă or Bolotă, who owned the local lands.

The Saint Nicholas, Theodor and Stylianos Church from the village of Balotești was built in 1763 by the Greek boyar Zamfirache and his wife Elena. In 1870, a school was built with help from the Lahovary family in the village of Dumbrăveni, which was part of the commune of Balotești.

At the end of the 19th century, the commune was part of Plasa Snagov, Ilfov County. It had the villages of Balotești, Cacaleți, Preoțești, Popești-Petrești and Săftica, totalling 891 inhabitants. In the commune there was a mixed school, a steam threshing machine and 5 Orthodox churches (one for each Cătun). By 1925, the commune was part of Plasa Băneasa and had 1,329 inhabitants.

In 1950, the commune was assigned to the Căciulați Raion. In 1968, it became a part of the re-established Ilfov County, and in 1981 it was part of the Ilfov Agricultural Sector from the municipality of Bucharest. In 1998, the Agricultural Sector became the current Ilfov County.

On 31 March 1995, TAROM Flight 371, operated by an Airbus A310, crashed near Balotești, leaving 60 dead, it's the deadliest aircraft disaster in Romanian history.

Stadionul Central, opened in 2010, is a multi-use stadium in the commune; it is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CS Balotești. The commune is also the location of the thermal water park "Therme București", the largest of its kind in Europe. The park opened in 2016.

Air Force Command
In 1982, the Command Point of the Air Defense Command was established in the Balotești barracks. In 1993, the Central Command Point of the General Staff of Aviation and Air Defense succeeded the previous Command Point. The unit changed its name to the Central Air Operational Command in December 2000. After Romania joined NATO in 2004, the Air Operational Command was integrated into the NATO Integrated Air Defense System.

In 2008, the structure was split between the Air Operational Component, and the Air Operations Centre of the Romanian Air Force which currently reports to the Combined Air Operations Centre from Torrejón. The Air Operational Component received the honorific name "General comandant aviator Ermil Gheorghiu" in 2018, and in 2021 it was renamed to the Air Component Command.

Between 14 March to 30 April 2008, the headquarters of the United States Air Force's 323d Air Expeditionary Wing also functioned in Balotești during the deployment of USAF units in support of the air policing missions for the 2008 Bucharest summit.

Natives

 * Marian Zidaru (born 1956), painter and sculptor

title: Balotești


text:
Corbeanca

Corbeanca is a commune in the northwestern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, on the Cociovaliștea River. It is composed of four villages: Corbeanca, Ostratu, Petrești, and Tamași.

The commune's name derives from "Corbeanu", the name of a shepherd who settled here. There are several residential neighbourhoods that have been built in Corbeanca since the late 1990s, such as Paradisul verde ("Green Paradise").

Corbeanca is linked to Bucharest's public transport system through regional bus route R441 and R446.

title: Corbeanca


text:
George Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne

George John Charles Mercer Nairne Petty-Fitzmaurice, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne, DL (27 November 1912 – 25 August 1999), was a British peer and Conservative politician.

Background
Petty-Fitzmaurice was the only son of Lord Charles Mercer Nairne, the second son of Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne. His father was killed in action in 1914 while on active service in the First World War, and his mother, the former Lady Violet Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, later married secondly John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever.

He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and served in the British Army in the Second World War.

In August 1944, Petty-Fitzmaurice’s life was significantly changed when his cousins the 7th Marquess of Lansdowne and his younger brother were both killed in action in the War. As a result, he suddenly and unexpectedly inherited the family peerages and estates, except for the Lordship of Nairne, which under Scottish law went to the 7th Marquess's sister Katherine Evelyn Constance Bigham (1912–1995).

Career
Lansdowne became a Justice of the Peace for Perthshire in 1950 and a Deputy Lieutenant of Wiltshire in 1952. In 1957 and 1958 he was a Lord-in-Waiting (government whip) and then was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign Office between 1958 and 1962 and Minister of State for Commonwealth and Colonial Affairs between 1962 and 1964. Effectively his political career was ended by the election of the Labour government of 1964–1970. In 1964 he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.

Personal life
Lansdowne was married four times.

On 18 March 1938 he married firstly Barbara Dempsey Chase (1918–1965), only child of Harold Stuart Chase (1890–1970), a real-estate investor of Santa Barbara, California, and Detroit, Michigan, and his wife, née Gertrude Boyer. The first Lady Lansdowne died on 18 February 1965, from injuries sustained in a shotgun blast in the gunroom at her Scottish home, Meikleour House, found by the police to be an accident. They had four children:
 * Lady Caroline Margaret Petty-Fitzmaurice (1939–1956); she, like her mother, died in a shooting accident.
 * Charles Maurice Petty-Fitzmaurice (born 1941); later 9th Marquess of Lansdowne.
 * Lord Robert Harold Mercer Nairne (born 1947); married Jane Elizabeth Gordon (born 1950), a cousin of Granville Gordon, 13th Marquess of Huntly, and had issue, two sons and one daughter. He is a writer who lives in Scotland on the Mercer-Nairne estates, inherited from his ancestress Emily Jane de Flahaut, 8th Lady Nairne. He has two sons and one daughter:
 * Emily Jane Mercer Nairne (born 1974); married Dominic Robertson, has three daughters.
 * Samuel George Mercer Nairne (born 1976); married Claire Aussudre, and has two sons (born 2009 and 2011) and one daughter.
 * Joseph Douglas Mercer Nairne (born 1980); married Melissa Wakeley, and has one son and one daughter.
 * Lady Georgina Elizabeth Petty-Fitzmaurice (1950–2022); married Guy Hamilton in 1974 (divorced 1980), and married Robert Eric Miller in 1981 (divorced 1990). She lived in London and had two children and three grandchildren.
 * Josiah Stirling Hamilton (born 1975); married Justine Miller and lives in Santa Barbara, California - has one son and one daughter.
 * Emma Carissa Hamilton (born 1977); married David Malina and lives in New York City - has one daughter.

On 22 December 1969, Lansdowne married, secondly, Selina Polly Dawson Carnegie, a daughter of David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles, and former wife of Robin Andrew Duthac Carnegie, becoming the stepfather of Andrew James Carnegie (born 1963). This marriage ended in divorce in 1978.

On 15 October 1978 Lansdowne married thirdly Gillian Anna Morgan (1936–1982), daughter of Alured A.E. Morgan and his first wife, the former Nancye Little-Jones.

On 12 July 1995, Lansdowne married fourthly Penelope Eve Astor (died 2006), widow of his half-brother John Astor, a former wife of David Rolt, and daughter of Commander George Francis Norton Bradford.

Links

 * George, 8th Marquess of Lansdowne profile, thepeerage.com; Retrieved 1 June 2009.
 * Jane Gordon, now Lady Robert Mercer Nairne profile, thepeerage.com; Retrieved 1 June 2009.


text: Talk:Anthony D. Romero

title: Talk:Anthony D. Romero


text:
Dascălu, Ilfov

Dascălu is a commune in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Creața, Dascălu, Gagu and Runcu. Its name is derived from an obsolete Romanian word for "teacher".

The Mostiștea river has its source in Gagu village.

title: Dascălu, Ilfov


text:
Talk:T. J. Ford

Injuries
The numbers on the page about his injury (55 games played, 26 games missed) don't add up. There is 82 games in a season. Anyone know what the story is here? Grassferry49 July 19th, 2005

I know that this is almost a year old, but he only missed 26 games due to the injury, in one game he didn't play due to the coach's choice, it was in the middle of his 55 games.68.1.100.204 03:40, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

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title: Talk:T. J. Ford