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Assise sur la ligece

The Assise sur la ligece (roughly, "Assize on liege-homage") is an important piece of legislation passed by the Haute Cour (High Court) of Jerusalem, the feudal court of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, in an unknown year but probably in the 1170s under Amalric I of Jerusalem.

The Assise formally prohibited the illegal confiscation of fiefs and required all the king's vassals to ally against any lord who did so. Such a lord would not be tried, but would be stripped of his land or exiled instead. The king could now legally confiscate a fief if a vassal refused to pay homage to him; this had been done in the past but was technically illegal before this Assise. Apparently the Assise was created after a dispute between Gerard, Lord of Sidon, and King Amalric; Gerard had dispossessed one of his rear-vassals and refused to return the land even when Amalric stepped in. Open warfare was just barely avoided.

The Assise also made all nobles direct vassals of the king, eliminating the previous distinction between higher and lesser nobles. This distinction still existed in reality, and although they theoretically had an equal voice in the Haute Cour, lesser nobles could only appeal to the high court when their own baronial courts refused to hear their complaints. In any case, the more powerful barons refused to be tried by lesser lords who were not their peers, and the higher nobles could still judge the less powerful lords themselves. There were about 600 men eligible to vote in the Court according to the Assise.

Usage
During the period of near constant warfare in the early decades of the 12thcentury, the king of Jerusalem's foremost role was as leader of the feudal host. They rarely awarded land or lordships, and those they did that became vacant—a frequent event because of the high mortality rate in the conflict—reverted to the crown. Instead, their followers' loyalty was rewarded with city incomes. As a result, the royal domain of the first five rulers—including much of Judea, Samaria, the coast from Jaffa to Ascalon, the ports of Acre and Tyre, and other scattered castles and territories—was larger than the combined holdings of the nobility. This meant the rulers of Jerusalem had greater internal power than comparative western monarchs, although they did not have the administrative systems and personnel to govern such a large realm. The situation evolved in the second quarter of the century with the establishment of baronial dynasties. Magnates—such as Raynald of Châtillon, Lord of Oultrejordain, and Raymond III, Count of Tripoli, Prince of Galilee—often acted as autonomous rulers. Royal powers were abrogated, and governance was undertaken effectively within the feudatories. What central control remained was exercised at the Haute Cour—High Court, in English. Only the 13th-century jurists of Jerusalem used this term, curia regis was more common in Europe. These were meetings between the king and his tenants in chief. Over time, the duty of the vassal to give counsel developed into a privilege and ultimately the legitimacy of the monarch depended on the agreement of the court. In practice, the High Court comprised the great barons and the king's direct vassals. In law, a quorum was the king and three tenants-in-chief. The 1162 the assise sur la ligece theoretically expanded the court's membership to all 600 or more fief-holders, making them all peers. All those who paid homage directly to the king were now members of the Haute Cour of Jerusalem. The heads of the military orders joined them by the end of the 12thcentury, and the Italian communes in the 13thcentury. The leaders of the Third Crusade ignored the monarchy of Jerusalem; the kings of England and France agreed on the division of future conquests as if there was no need to take into account the nobility of the crusader states. Joshua Prawer considered the rapid offering of the throne to Conrad of Montferrat in 1190 and then Henry II, Count of Champagne in 1192, demonstrated the weakness of the crown of Jerusalem. This was given legal effect by Baldwin IV's will stipulating if Baldwin V died a minor, the Pope, the kings of England and France, and the Holy Roman Emperor should select the successor.

Before the defeat at Hattin in 1187, the laws developed by the court were documented as assises in Letters of the Holy Sepulchre. After Hattin, the Franks lost their cities, lands and churches. Many barons fled to Cyprus and intermarried with leading new emigres from the Lusignan, Montbéliard, Brienne and Montfort families. This created a class apart from the remnants of the old nobility with limited understanding of the Latin East including the king-consorts Guy, Conrad, Henry, Aimery, John and the absent Hohenstaufen that followed. The entire body of written law was lost in the subsequent fall of Jerusalem. From this point, the legal system was based largely on custom and the memory of the lost legislation. The renowned jurist Philip of Novara lamented:"We know [the laws] rather poorly, for they are known by hearsay and usage...and we think an assize is something we have seen as an assize...in the kingdom of Jerusalem [the barons] made much better use of the laws and acted on them more surely before the land was lost." Thus, a myth was created of an idyllic early 12th-century legal system. The barons used this to reinterpret the assise sur la ligece, which Almalric I intended to strengthen the crown, to constrain the monarch instead, particularly regarding their right to remove feudal fiefs without trial. The concomitant loss of the vast majority of rural fiefs led to the barons becoming an urban mercantile class where knowledge of the law was a valuable, well-regarded skill and a career path to higher status. The barons of Jerusalem in the 13thcentury have been poorly regarded by both contemporary and modern commentators: their superficial rhetoric disgusted James of Vitry; Riley-Smith writes of their pedantry and the use of spurious legal justification for political action. For the barons themselves, it was this ability to articulate the law that was so prized. The sources of this are the elaborate and impressive treatises by the great baronial jurists from the second half of the 13thcentury. The Barons invoked the assise sur la ligece three times in justification of open opposition to arbitrary acts by the king: in 1198, 1229 and 1232. Ralph of Tiberias set the precedent when he was accused of attempted regicide. King Aimery had narrowly survived an attempted murder by four armed members of the German Crusade in Tyre. While recovering he became convinced that Ralph was responsible. At a meeting of the High Court, Aimery exiled him, ordering his departure from the kingdom within eight days. In response, Ralph devised a defence based on an interpretation of the assise sur la ligece. The defence was it was an absolute necessity that a case concerning the relationship between a lord and his vassal was judged in court, that vassals were peers bound to give mutual assistance and that vassals should withdraw service from a lord who refused to submit to the court's decision. Ralph's innovation was applying the assise to the king himself. Aimery refused. His vassals withdrew service from him until 1200 following great words, but Ralph still went into banishment. He only returned in 1207 after the king's death. In the later accounts of the jurists, Ralph was credited with a great achievement. He set a precedent in applying the assise to the actions of the crown. This provided him and his peers with justification, a method of resistance and sanctions that could be legally applied. At the same time, it is clear that the use of the assise sur la ligece was ineffective. Aimery's refusal meant Ralph had still found it necessary to leave the country. The second time the precedent was followed consciously happened in 1228 after the arrival in the kingdom of Emperor Frederick II. Three years earlier, he had become king-consort when he married Isabella II and immediately claimed the throne of Jerusalem from her father, the king-regent, John of Brienne. Isabella died in the summer of that year, after giving birth to a son. The son, Conrad, was through his mother, the king of Jerusalem. As a result, on his arrival Frederick was received as regent. In 1229, Frederick successfully negotiated the return of Jerusalem, lost in 1187 from Egypt, and went under the imperial crown in the Holy Sepulchre. Perhaps in a fit of hubris following the acquisition of the city, according to the later baronial jurists, he instructed his bailli Balian Grenier to take control of the Acre possessions of John of Beirut, Walter I Grenier, Walter III of Caesarea, John of Jaffa, Robert of Haifa, Phillip l'asne and John Moriau. These barons invoked the assise sur la ligece and their combined force restored their possessions. According to a surviving charter, Alice of Armenia took the same approach to claim the lordship of Toron. Frederick had awarded this to the Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem on its recovery. After this was decided in Alice's favour, a clear baronial victory, the Barons re-entered the Emperor's service. This was the high point of the vassals ability to use the law to resist a monarch infringing what they believed to be their rights. From May 1229, when Frederick II left the Holy Land to defend his Italian and German lands, monarchs were absent—Conrad from 1225 until 1254 and his son Conradin until his execution by Charles of Anjou in 1268. Government in Jerusalem had developed in the opposite direction to monarchies in the west. European monarchs such as St Louis, Emperor Frederick and King Edward I—contemporary rulers of France, Germany and England respectively—were powerful with bureaucratic machinery for administration, jurisdiction and legislation. Jerusalem had a royalty without power. The third invocation of the assise sur la ligece followed the Ibelin's fight for control with an Italian army led by Frederick's viceroy Richard Filangieri in the War of the Lombards. Filangieri besieged John of Beirut's city and convened the High Court to confirm his appointment as regent. When the court demanded he lift the siege, Filangieri implied John had committed treason, and if the court disagreed they should write to the Emperor for final judgement. Tyre, the Hospitallers, the Teutonic Knights and the Pisans supported Filangieri. In opposition were the Ibelins, Acre, the Templars and Genoa. The rebels established a surrogate commune, or parliament in Acre. The commune was developed from the confraternity of St Andrew. It had its own bell and officers. The most important was the major, a position for which John of Beirut was chosen. There was also a deputy major, consuls and captains. Membership was open to all free men. While the commune presented itself as representing the whole country, it did not even represent all of Acre, and large numbers still supported the Emperor. After 1236, there is little written evidence of the commune's activities and it is clear that it never adopted governmental functions. The main objective seems to have been an attempt to match Filangieri's mandate and resist Frederick II. Ultimately, the barons' motivation resulted from Filangieri rejecting the invocation of the Assise. The Barons withdrew their service and attempted to use force, but this was ineffective. Filangieri's Italian army was more than capable of resisting. This demonstrated the weakness in the Baron's case. The Assise relied on the king being weak, with a strong force of what John called foreign people or mercenaries supporting the monarchy the Assise could not be enforced. The baronial jurists such as Philip of Novara and John of Jaffa do not mention this failure, the events of 1232 or even the bailliage of Filangieri. Instead, their impressive treatments articulated their political and constitutional ideas rather than the political reality.

title: Assise sur la ligece


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paul quinn

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Paul quinn
Not quite, but it comes rather close. Seems to be vanity. --Canderson7 23:29, July 11, 2005 (UTC) Keep paul quinn has recently been voted mayor of ballycastle it is all complete fact! Jim Hill Ballycasyle Resident (Unsigned vote by 62.252.192.9, this IP previously blanked this page)
 * Googling "Paul quinn" Ballycastle mayor reveals that it indeed is nonsense, or hoax. Delete.  Dcarrano 01:05, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified/probable hoax. --Etacar11 01:35, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:41, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Lake Kournas

Lake Kournas is a lake on the island of Crete, Greece, near the village of Kournas. It is in the Apokoronas municipality of Chania regional unit close to the border with Rethymno regional unit, 47 km from the town of Chania. Kournas is a fairly large village perched on a hill overlooking the lake.

Crete's only freshwater lake, Lake Kournas, is relatively large, with a perimeter of 3.5 km. There is a nature preserve on the Southwest side of the lake. There is a rustic road from the North of the lake to the Hills on the West of the lake.

The lake used to be called Koresia after ancient Korion, a city thought to be in the area with a temple to Athena. The lake used to contain eels but now is better known for its terrapins and tourism. Tavernas and pedalo rental shops line part of the shore.

title: Lake Kournas


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Dragon (disambiguation)

A dragon is a legendary creature, typically with reptile-like traits.

Dragon may also refer to:

Characters and fictional entities

 * Chinese dragon
 * Dave Dragon, character played by Hulk Hogan in the 1998 American martial arts movie 3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain
 * Dragon (Dungeons & Dragons), a monstrous creature
 * Dragon (Middle-earth), a type of fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's books
 * Dragon (Shrek), a character in Shrek
 * The Dragon, a title for the world's champion against the forces of darkness in Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time series
 * Dragon, a member of Gen13
 * Dragon, the leading character in the Image Comics title Savage Dragon
 * Dragons (Dragon Prince), mythical beasts
 * Dragons (Pern), by Anne McCaffrey
 * The Dragon (Beowulf)
 * Richard Dragon, a DC Comics character
 * Dragon Shiryū, a Saint Seiya character
 * Dragon (One Piece)

Films

 * The Dragon, a 1916 film directed by Harry A. Pollard
 * Dragon (2006 film), an action/fantasy film
 * Dragon (2011 film), a Hong Kong-Chinese martial arts thriller
 * Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story, a 1993 biographical film
 * Dragons 3D, a 2013 IMAX film starring Max von Sydow
 * Dragons: Fire and Ice (2004 film), animated Mega-Blocks film
 * Dragon (upcoming film), upcoming Indian comedy film

Gaming

 * Dragon, a version of the video game Mega Man Star Force
 * Dragon tiles, a type of honor tile in mahjong
 * Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation, a chess opening
 * Dragon by Komodo Chess, a chess engine

Literature

 * Dragon (Brust novel), a 1998 novel by Steven Brust
 * Dragon (Cussler novel), a 1990 novel by Clive Cussler
 * Dragon (fantasy series), fantasy novels by Laurence Yep (1982–1992)
 * "Dragon" (Kalapugama short story), by Anandasiri Kalapugama (1975)
 * Dragon (poem), by Aleksey Tolstoy (1875)
 * "The Dragon" (poem), by Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayyati (1996)
 * "Dragon: the Old Potter's Tale", a short story by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (1919)
 * The Dragon (fairy tale), an Italian fairy tale
 * "The Dragon" (short story), by Ray Bradbury (1955)
 * The Dragons (novel), a 1996 fantasy novel by Douglas Niles

Periodicals

 * Dragon (magazine), a Dungeons & Dragons magazine
 * Dragon Magazine (Fujimi Shobo), a Japanese light novel magazine (1988-current)

Groups

 * Dragon (band), a New Zealand/Australian rock group
 * Dragons (band), an English group
 * The Dragons (band), an American rock group

Albums

 * Dragon (Loudness album)
 * Dragon (Jake Shimabukuro album)
 * The Dragon (album), by Vangelis

Songs

 * "Dragon" (song), a 2024 song by Liamoo
 * "Dragon", by Martin Garrix
 * "Dragon", by Miriam Bryant
 * "Dragon", by the Sugarcubes from Life's Too Good
 * "Dragon" by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard from PetroDragonic Apocalypse
 * "Dragons", by Caravan Palace from Caravan Palace

Roller coasters

 * Dragon (Adventureland), in Altoona, Iowa
 * Dragon Challenge, in Orlando, Florida
 * Dragon Coaster (Playland), in Rye, New York
 * The Dragon, Ocean Park Hong Kong, in Hong Kong, China

Television

 * Dragon Television, a Chinese provincial satellite TV station
 * Dragon (TV series), a Canadian children's TV program
 * DreamWorks Dragons, a TV series based on How to Train Your Dragon
 * "The Dragon" (Arrow), nineteenth episode of the 2018 sixth season of the TV show Arrow

Other arts and entertainment

 * Dragon (M. C. Escher), a 1952 wood-engraving print by M. C. Escher
 * The Dragon (theatre play), by Evgeny Shvarts (1944)
 * Dragon, a 2013 play written by Oliver Emanuel

Animals

 * Agamidae, a family of lizards, of which many genera are known as dragons, especially in subfamilies Amphibolurinae and Draconinae
 * Amphibolurinae
 * Ctenophorus, an Australian genus of lizards, of which many species are known as dragons
 * Pogona, a genus of Australian lizards, commonly called "bearded dragons"
 * Draconinae
 * Acanthosaura, commonly named as "horned dragons," a genus of lizards, endemic to Southeast Asia
 * Draco, commonly known as "flying dragons," a genus of lizards, endemic to Southeast Asia
 * , many fish
 * Dragonet, fish of the Callionymidae
 * Komodo dragon, a large species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo

Other uses in biology

 * Antirrhinum, a genus of plants, known as "snap dragon"
 * Dracaena, a genus of trees, also known as "dragon tree"
 * DRAGON (protein), a membrane receptor protein
 * Pitaya, also called "dragon fruit," fruit of several different cactus species
 * Saururus cernuus, a species of plants, also called "water dragon"
 * Tarragon, a species of perennial herbs, which is called dragon in several languages including its Latin name

Brands and enterprises

 * Cathay Dragon, an international airline based in Hong Kong, previously known as Dragonair
 * Dragon Models Limited, a toy manufacturer
 * Dragon Petroleum, a Welsh fuel company

Education

 * Dragon School, a British preparatory school in Oxford, England
 * The Dragon Academy, a private school in Ontario, Canada

Mathematics and computing

 * Dragon (cipher)
 * Dragon (remote sensing)
 * AMD Dragon, a platform engineered for gamers
 * Comodo Dragon, a freeware web browser
 * Dragon chip, a line of Chinese CPUs
 * Dragon curve, a family of fractal curves
 * Dragon Data, a Welsh computer manufacturer
 * Dragon 32/64, the names of two 1980s home computers
 * Dragon NaturallySpeaking, a speech recognition software package
 * DRAKON (Russian: ДРАКОН, "dragon"), a programming language used in flight controllers for rockets and space vehicles

Military

 * Dragon (firearm), the short version of the blunderbuss
 * "Dragons", a USMC helicopter squadron (see: VMM-265)
 * BQM-147 Dragon, United States unmanned aerial vehicle
 * Focke-Achgelis Fa 223, German World War II helicopter, known in English as Dragon
 * HMS Dragon, the name of at least 14 ships (and a building) of the English/British Navy
 * M47 Dragon, an American anti-tank missile system
 * The Dragons, a display team consisting of 4 x Hawker Hunters of No. 4 Flying Training School RAF, during 1973
 * USS Dragon (1861), a Union Navy steamer during the American Civil War
 * Dragón, a Spanish development of the Mowag Piranha V Wheeled Infantry Fighting Vehicle

Nobility and royalty

 * Dragon Throne, the throne of the Emperor of China
 * Order of the Dragon, a former monarchical chivalric order

People

 * Vlad II Dracul (1390–1447), duke of Wallachia, nicknamed "Vlad the Dragon"
 * Goran Dragić (born 1986), Slovenian basketball player
 * G-Dragon (born 1988), South Korean rapper
 * Carmen Dragon (1914–1984), American conductor and composer
 * Daryl Dragon (1942–2019), American musician, one half of the duo Captain & Tennille; son of Carmen Dragon
 * Tatsumi Fujinami (born 1953), Japanese professional wrestler, nicknamed "The Dragon"
 * Bruce Lee (1940–1973), Chinese actor and martial artist, nicknamed "The Dragon"
 * Lyoto Machida (born 1978), Brazilian martial artist, nicknamed "The Dragon"
 * Ricky Steamboat (born 1953), American professional wrestler, nicknamed "The Dragon"
 * Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player nicknamed "The Welsh Dragon"
 * Don "The Dragon" Wilson (born 1954), American champion kickboxer and actor
 * Ryuji Kumita (born 1967), Japanese racing driver who uses the pseudonym "Dragon"

Extra-terrestrial

 * Draco (constellation) (Latin for Dragon), a constellation in the far northern sky
 * The Dragon, a grouping of galaxies in the field of Abell 370

Terrestrial

 * Dragon, Utah, United States, a ghost town
 * Dragon Cone, a volcano in British Columbia, Canada
 * Dragon Hill, Uffington, a mountain in England
 * "The Dragon", a section of U.S. Route 129 between Deals Gap, North Carolina and Punkin Center, Tennessee, in the United States

Africa

 * AS Dragons (Kinshasa), a soccer team in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * AS Dragons FC de l'Ouémé, a soccer team in Benin
 * ASK Dragão, a soccer team in Angola
 * Dragón FC, a soccer team in Equatorial Guinea
 * Drakensberg Dragons, South Africa field hockey club

Asia

 * CEC Dragons, the sports teams of the Cebu Eastern College in the Philippines
 * China Dragon, an ice hockey team in China
 * Chunichi Dragons, a baseball team in Japan
 * Jeonnam Dragons (formerly spelled as Chunnam Dragons), a football team in South Korea
 * Jiangsu Dragons, a Chinese Basketball Association team
 * Kuala Lumpur Dragons, a Malaysian basketball team
 * Shanghai Dragons, an Overwatch eSports team in China
 * Sichuan Dragons, a baseball team in China
 * Team Dragon, nickname for China men's national basketball team
 * Welcoat Dragons, a basketball team in the Philippines

Europe

 * AS Dragon, an association football team from Guadeloupe
 * Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe), an American football team active in Spain from 1991 to 2003
 * Barcelona Dragons (ELF), an American football team active in Spain since 2021
 * Catalans Dragons, a rugby league club in France
 * Celtic Dragons, a netball team in Wales, U.K.
 * Delft Dragons, an American football team in the Netherlands
 * Dragons (rugby union), a rugby union team in South East Wales, U.K.
 * Dragons de Rouen, an ice hockey team in France
 * Dragons Rhöndorf, a German basketball team
 * Dragons (women's cricket), a women's cricket team in Ireland
 * Dublin Dragons, an American football team in Ireland
 * Dudelange Dragons, an American football team in Luxembourg
 * Glamorgan Dragons, a cricket team in the United Kingdom
 * KHC Dragons, a field hockey club in Belgium
 * RC Dragon Brno, a rugby union team in the Czech Republic
 * Wrexham A.F.C., a Welsh association football team known as the Red Dragons

North America

 * C.D. Dragón, a soccer team in El Salvador
 * Chesapeake Dragons, a soccer team in the U.S.
 * Dayton Dragons, a baseball team in the U.S.
 * Dragon Racing, an American auto racing team
 * Dragons, nickname of sports teams at Jefferson High School in Jefferson, Georgia in the U.S.
 * Dragons, nickname of sports teams at Lake Orion High School in Lake Orion, Michigan in the U.S.
 * Drexel Dragons, the sports teams of Drexel University in the U.S.
 * Jersey Dragons, a soccer team in the U.S.
 * Lane College Dragons, the sports teams of Lane College in the U.S.
 * Los Angeles Dragons (American football), a former American football team in the U.S.
 * Los Angeles Dragons, an Australian rules football team in the U.S.
 * Moorhead Dragons, the sports teams of Minnesota State University Moorhead in the U.S.
 * New York Dragons, an Arena Football League team in the U.S.
 * Portland Forest Dragons, a former name of the Oklahoma Wranglers, an Arena Football team in the U.S.
 * San Antonio Dragons, an ice hockey team in the U.S.
 * San Francisco Dragons, a field lacrosse team in the U.S.
 * Seattle Dragons, an American football team in the U.S.
 * Shreveport Swamp Dragons, formerly the Shreveport Captains, a baseball team in the U.S.
 * Thomasville Dragons, a women's soccer team in the U.S.
 * Tiffin Dragons, the sports teams at Tiffin University in the U.S.
 * Verdun Dragons, an ice hockey team in Canada
 * Wisconsin Dragons, a women's tackle football team in the U.S.

Oceania

 * A.S. Dragon (Tahiti), a soccer team
 * Darwin Dragons SC, a soccer team
 * Engadine Dragons, a junior rugby league team
 * Northcote Football Club, aka the Northcote Dragons, an Australian rules Football team
 * St. George Dragons, a rugby league team
 * St. George Illawarra Dragons, a rugby league football club
 * Shellharbour City Dragons, a rugby league team
 * South Dragons, a former team in the Australasian National Basketball League (2006–2009)

Air

 * de Havilland Dragon, a small commercial aircraft
 * Douglas B-23 Dragon, a twin-engined bomber aircraft
 * Independence Dragon, a German paraglider design
 * Sopwith Dragon, a British single-seat fighter biplane

Land

 * Dennis Dragon, a bus
 * Dragon Automobile Company, an American manufacturer (1906–1908)
 * Kaiser Dragon, a 1950s American car
 * Dragon (1848–1872), a GWR Iron Duke Class locomotive
 * Dragon (1873–1892), a South Devon Railway Buffalo class locomotive
 * Dragon (1880–1892), a GWR Rover class locomotive
 * Dragon (1891–1915), a GWR 3031 Class locomotive
 * Dragon (2009–present) Newag E6ACT, an electric freight locomotive

Space

 * Dragon (rocket), a French research sounding rocket
 * SpaceX Dragon capsule, used to transport cargo to and from the International Space Station
 * SpaceX Dragon 2 capsule, also used to transport crew to and from the International Space Station

Water

 * Dragon (keelboat), a sailing yacht, used in racing
 * Dragon boat, a narrow canoe-style boat, used for the sport of dragon boat racing

Other uses

 * Dragon (Ninurta), a figure in Sumerian religion
 * Dragon (zodiac), in the Chinese zodiac
 * Dragon reactor, a gas-cooled nuclear reactor in England
 * Satan, referred to several times in the Book of Revelation as the "Dragon"
 * Welsh Dragon, the flag of Wales
 * In the Japanese board game shogi, the rook and bishop promote to a "dragon (king)" and a "dragon horse"
 * The 2020 Middle East storms of 23 March 2020 and following days are sometimes called the "Dragon storms"

title: Dragon (disambiguation)


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Journal of the British Dragonfly Society

The Journal of the British Dragonfly Society is a scientific journal published twice-yearly by the British Dragonfly Society since 1983. It contains material relevant to Odonata recorded from the United Kingdom. The editor-in-chief is P. J. Mill.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in The Zoological Record.


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Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible

The non-canonical books referenced in the Bible includes non-Biblical cultures and lost works of known or unknown status. By the "Bible" is meant those books recognized by Christians and Jews as being part of Old Testament (or Tanakh) as well as those recognized by most Christians as being part of the Biblical apocrypha or of the Deuterocanon.

It may also include books of the Anagignoskomena that are accepted only by Eastern Orthodox Christians. For the purposes of this article, "referenced" can mean direct quotations, paraphrases, or allusions, which in some cases are known only because they have been identified as such by ancient writers, or the citation of a work or author.

Hebrew Bible
The following are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible:
 * The Book of Jasher is mentioned in Joshua 10:13 and 2 Samuel 1:18 and also possibly referenced in the Septuagint rendition of 1 Kings 8:53. From the context in the Book of Samuel, it is implied that it was a collection of poetry. Several books have claimed to be this lost text, some of which are discounted as pseudepigrapha. Certain members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints secured the copyright to a particular English translation of one of these and republished it in 1887 in Salt Lake City.
 * The Book of the Wars of the Lord is mentioned in Numbers 21:14. The Book of the Wars of the Lord is also cited in the Book of Jasher (translated by Moses Samuel c. 1840, edited by J. H. Parry 1887) chapter 90:48 as being a collaborative record written by Moses, Joshua and the children of Israel.
 * The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel and Chronicles of the Kings of Judah are mentioned in the Books of Kings (1 Kings 14:19, 29). They are said to tell of events during the reigns of Kings Jeroboam of Israel and Rehoboam of Judah, respectively. The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel is again mentioned in 1 Kings 16:20 regarding King Zimri, and both books are mentioned no less than 30 other times throughout 1 and 2 Kings.
 * The Book of Shemaiah the Prophet and Story of the Prophet Iddo (also called Visions of Iddo the Seer or The Annals of the Prophet Iddo) are mentioned in the Second Book of Chronicles. This book has been completely lost to history, save for its title.
 * The Manner of the Kingdom (also called The Book of Statutes or 3 Samuel); referenced in 1 Samuel 10:25.
 * The Acts of Solomon; referenced in 1 Kings 11:41.
 * The Annals of King David (also called The Book of the Annals of King David or The Chronicles of King David, which could be a reference to the rest of 1 Chronicles); referenced in 1 Chronicles 27:24.
 * The Book of Samuel the Seer (also called Samuel the Seer or The Acts of Samuel the Seer, which could be the same as 1 and 2 Samuel); referenced in 1 Chronicles 29:29.
 * The Book of Nathan the Prophet (also called Nathan the Prophet, The Acts of Nathan the Prophet or History of Nathan the Prophet); referenced in 1 Chronicles 29:29, and also 2 Chronicles 9:29.
 * The Book of Gad the Seer (also called Gad the Seer or The Acts of Gad the Seer); referenced in 1 Chronicles 29:29.
 * The Prophecy of Ahijah (also called The Prophesy of Ahijah the Shilonite, which may be a reference to 1 Kings 14:2–18); referenced in 2 Chronicles 9:29.
 * The Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel (also called The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah); referenced in 2 Chronicles 16:11, 2 Chronicles 27:7 and 2 Chronicles 32:32. May be the same as 1 and 2 Kings.
 * The Book of Jehu (also called The Book of Jehu the son of Hanani) could be a reference to 1 Kings 16:1–7. Referenced in 2 Chronicles 20:34.
 * The Story of the Book of Kings (also called Midrash on the Book of Kings); referenced in 2 Chronicles 24:27.
 * The Acts of Uzziah (also called The Book by the prophet Isaiah); perhaps the same as the Book of Isaiah. Referenced in 2 Chronicles 26:22.
 * The Vision of Isaiah (also called The Vision of the Prophet Isaiah); may be identical to the pseudepigraphal Ascension of Isaiah, and may also refer to the existing Book of Isaiah. Referenced in 2 Chronicles 32:32.
 * The Acts of the Kings of Israel (also called The Acts and Prayers of Manasseh); may be identical to The Book of the Kings of Israel. Referenced in 2 Chronicles 33:18.
 * The Sayings of the Seers (also called The Acts of the Seers); referenced in 2 Chronicles 33:19.
 * The Laments for Josiah (also called Lamentations). This event is recorded in the existing Book of Lamentations. Referenced in 2 Chronicles 35:25.
 * The Chronicles of King Ahasuerus (also called The Book of Records of the Chronicles or The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia); referenced in Esther 2:23, 6:1, 10:2, and Nehemiah 12:23.

Deuterocanon / Apocrypha

 * Book (or Wisdom) of Ahikar referenced in Tobit 1:22, 2:10, 11:18, and 14:10
 * Aesop's fable of The Two Pots, referenced in Sirach 13:2–3
 * The Egyptian Satire of the Trades, or another work in that tradition referenced in Sirach 38:24–39:11
 * Annals of John Hyrcanus referenced in 1 Maccabees 16:23-24
 * "The archives" referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:1
 * Memoirs of Nehemiah referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:13, which may be the same as the Book of Nehemiah.
 * "letters of the kings" referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:13
 * "five books by Jason of Cyrene" referenced in 2 Maccabees 2:23: the author of 2 Maccabees here states that their work is abridged from the history by Jason.
 * "the king's letter" referenced in 2 Maccabees 11:22

New Testament
Mennonite scholar David Ewart has mentioned that Nestle's Greek New Testament lists some 132 New Testament passages that appear to be verbal allusions to paracanonical books.

Pagan authors quoted or alluded to are:

 * Menander, Thais 218, quoting Euripides, "Evil company corrupts good habits" (1 Corinthians 15:33)
 * Epimenides, de Oraculis, (Titus 1:12-13 where Paul introduces Epimenides as "a prophet of the Cretans"; see Epimenides paradox)
 * Aratus, Phaenomena 5, (Acts 17:28, where Paul refers to the words of "some of your own poets")

Non-canonical books quoted or alluded to are:
 * Book of Enoch (Jude 1:4, 1:6, 1:13, 1:14–15, 2 Peter 2:4 and 3:13,  and John 7:38).
 * Apocryphon of Jannes and Jambres, according to Origen (2 Timothy 3:8 "... as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses")
 * Epistle to the Laodiceans (Colossians 4:16, "read the epistle from Laodicea")
 * Life of Adam and Eve (2 Corinthians 11:14, "Satan as an angel of light", and 12:2, "Third Heaven")
 * A lost section of the Assumption of Moses (Jude 9 "Michael... body of Moses")
 * Ascension of Isaiah (Hebrews 11:37, "they were sawn in two")
 * Paul's letter to the Corinthians before 1 Corinthians (1 Corinthians 5:9, "I wrote to you in my letter...")
 * Paul's letter to the Ephesians before Ephesians (Ephesians 3:3, "As I wrote afore in few words...")
 * An unknown messianic prophecy possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in Matthew 2:23 that states "he will be called a Nazorian" (ὅτι Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται). "Nazorian" is typically rendered as "Nazarene" ("from Nazareth"), as in Acts 24:5, where Christians are referred to as "the sect of the Nazorians/Nazarenes" (τῶν Ναζωραίων αἱρέσεως). This is speculated to be a vague allusion to a quote about Samson in Judges 13:5 that uses a similar-sounding word: "the child shall be a Nazirite" (ναζιρ)
 * An unknown version of Genesis (possibly a targum, midrash or other commentary), quoted by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:45, as a reference to Christ's being "the Last Adam who became a life-giving spirit" (οὕτως καὶ γέγραπται· Ἐγένετο ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν· ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν). It has been speculated that Paul is simply paraphrasing Genesis 2:7, but there is no clear indication that this is not a complete quote.
 * An unknown text quoted by Paul in 1 Corinthians 2:9, suggested by Origen to be a lost apocryphal book: "But as it is written, 'No eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no mind has imagined the things that God has prepared for those who love him." This may also be an allusion to the similar Isaiah 64:4, "For from days of old they have not heard or perceived by ear, nor has the eye seen a God besides You, Who acts in behalf of the one who waits for Him.'".
 * An unknown messianic prophecy, possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in Luke 24:46, speculated to be a vague allusion to Hosea 6:2: "Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day."
 * An unknown messianic prophecy, possibly from a non-canonical source, quoted in Mark 9:12, speculated to be a vague allusion to Isaiah 53: "and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought."


text:
Hedin

Hedin may refer to

 * Hedin (surname)
 * Hedin (crater) on the Moon
 * Sven Hedin Glacier in Canada
 * A legendary figure in Nordic mythology, see Hedin and Högni
 * Hedin, a dwarf character from the Inheritance series by Christopher Paolini

title: Hedin


text:
Green Street station

Green Street station (signed as Green) is a rapid transit station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA's Orange Line and is located in the southern part of the Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Green Street is the least-used station on the Orange Line, averaging 3,055 weekday boardings in FY 2019. Like all Orange Line stations, it is fully accessible.

Station design
Green Street station is located in central Jamaica Plain, about 0.4 miles east of the primary business district on Centre Street. The headhouse is located at street level above the trenched Southwest Corridor on a block bounded by Green Street, Amory Street, Gordon Street, and Woolsley Square. The island platform for the Orange Line extends south from the headhouse. The three mainline tracks of the Southwest Corridor, used for MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak, are on the east side of the Orange Line tracks and platform.

Art gallery
Like some other Orange Line stations built in the Southwest Corridor, Green Street has street-level retail space. Since the late 1990s, a succession of related art galleries has been located inside the station.

A local artist, James Hull, noted that the space was empty in 1996. He reached an agreement with the MBTA's leasing agent under which he paid no rent, and "The Gallery @ Green Street" opened in 1998. Staffed by volunteers, the gallery displayed contemporary works by a range of artists, including local students and non-commercial pieces by experienced artists. Hull later agreed to install air conditioning and a bathroom in return for use of the space.

In December 2006, the space became the home of a successor gallery, the Axiom Center for New and Experimental Media, which was operated by a non-profit artist collective. It featured rotating shows of artworks incorporating modern technology. In July 2012, Axiom closed the gallery; the space became the Boston Cyberarts Gallery, operated by an associated group.

Jamaica Plain station
In 1842, the Boston and Providence Railroad (built starting in 1832) began offering service to Jamaica Plain station, located on the site of today's Green Street station; commuter rail service to the station would continue, uninterrupted, for nearly a century. The railroad opened a new station building at Jamaica Plain in 1871.

Starting in 1891, the Old Colony Railroad (which had acquired the B&P in 1888, and was itself acquired in 1893 by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad) raised the section of its main line through Jamaica Plain (extending from Massachusetts Avenue to the current location of Forest Hills station) onto a 4-track stone embankment to eliminate dangerous grade crossings. The project involved the building of five new stations in Roxbury and Jamaica Plain; the existing stations at Roxbury Crossing, Jamaica Plain, and Forest Hills were replaced with new elevated stations, while new stations were built at Heath Street and Boylston Street. The Jamaica Plain station opened on June 1, 1897, along with the other four new stations.

Although the NYNH&H local stations in Jamaica Plain continued to operate for over three decades following the southward extension of the Washington Street Elevated, they were ultimately unable to compete with the Elevated. The three remaining stops, including Jamaica Plain station, were closed on September 29, 1940 due to a lack of passengers.

Elevated station
On November 22, 1909, the Washington Street Elevated was extended south along Washington Street from its original southern terminus at Dudley Square, with new stations at Egleston and Forest Hills. Both Egleston and Forest Hills allowed direct connections to the Elevated from streetcar routes serving Roxbury, Dorchester, and Jamaica Plain (as well as, in the case of Forest Hills, to NYNH&H commuter trains); however, El ridership from the areas immediately surrounding the extension also proved high, and an infill station at Green Street (three blocks to the east of the NYNH&H station) opened on September 22, 1912.

On December 5, 1960, the MTA began operating "modified express service" on the Elevated during the morning rush hour. Every other train bypassed Green Street and three other stations. This was discontinued in September 1961 to reduce wait times at the skipped stations, all of which were outdoors.

Modern station
In the 1960s, plans took hold to extend I-95 into downtown Boston along the NYNH&H's right-of-way and to replace the Washington Street Elevated (from 1967 known as the Orange Line) with a rapid transit line running in the new highway's median; these plans led to the demolition of hundreds of homes and the clearing of a long strip of land (the Southwest Corridor) extending through Roxbury and Jamaica Plain all the way up to Green Street, before the project was halted by highway revolts in 1969 and the February 11, 1970 announcement by Governor Francis W. Sargent of a moratorium on new highway construction within the Route 128 corridor, and eventually cancelled by Governor Sargent in 1972. The cleared strip of land was eventually developed into the Southwest Corridor Park, and the Orange Line was moved to a new alignment along the Corridor in 1987 despite the cancellation of the project originally calling for its relocation. This included a new rapid transit station at Green Street, on the site of the former NYNH&H station; the old Green Street station, along with the rest of the Washington Street Elevated, was permanently closed on April 30, 1987, and the new station opened on May 4, as did the eight other new stations on the southern Orange Line.

Green Street was not built as a bus transfer station, and lacks an off-street busway. It has not been served by MBTA bus service since route 48 was discontinued on July 1, 2012. The entire Orange Line, including Green Street station, was closed from August 19 to September 18, 2022, during maintenance work.

title: Green Street station


text:
William Dean Singleton

William Dean Singleton (born August 1, 1951) is an American newspaper executive. He is the founder and executive board chairman of MediaNews Group, the fourth-largest newspaper company in the United States in terms of circulation, with 53 daily papers totaling 2.7 million subscriptions daily and 3 million on Sunday. He is also a former chairman of the board of directors of the Associated Press. He has been publisher of a number of MediaNews' dailies, including the Denver Post, the Salt Lake Tribune, and the Detroit News. He is a cattle rancher, owning several ranches.

Biography
Singleton was born in Graham, Texas. He began his newspaper career at the age of 15 as a part-time reporter in Graham and bought his first newspaper at age 21.

Singleton has built his newspaper company through the acquisition of newspapers. He closed several of those newspapers, such as the Fort Worth Press and the Houston Post. He also bought the Denver Post and the Oakland Tribune, where he laid off staff, he said, to increase efficiency. In the latest round of cuts, the daily Oakland Tribune was to become a weekly.

Singleton was a pioneer in "clustering"—developing groups of newspapers that centralized a variety of functions, including production, ad sales, business operations and, in some cases, editorial. An example of this was the Alameda Newspaper Group in suburban San Francisco, where in the mid-1990s a central newsroom in Pleasanton, California, did all the copy editing, layout and page makeup for five daily papers. Upon acquiring the diverse group of papers, Singleton consolidated several news sections (such as sports and features) to one local office away in order to streamline work.

He was also a pioneer, at developing pooled-asset partnerships. Among the first were papers in California, which included papers from Gannett Co. Inc., Stephens Media Group and MediaNews. His company contributed Los Angeles Daily News and the Alameda Newspaper Group, as well as other papers, while Stephens contributed papers such as the Vallejo Times Herald and the Inland Valley Daily Bulletin of Ontario. A year after forming the partnership, the duo allowed Gannett to enter, with its contributions including the San Bernardino Sun and the Marin Independent Journal. The partnership is known as the "California Newspapers Partnership". MediaNews has entered into similar partnerships in Texas and Pennsylvania with Gannett and in Colorado with The E.W. Scripps Company.

In the late 1990s, Singleton began focusing less on consolidating news rooms and put more focus on the quality of news rooms. He lured Gregory Moore, the former assistant managing editor of the Boston Globe, to the Denver Post and together the two worked to improve the paper's journalism.

Singleton's empire began rapid growth in the early part of the 21st century, when he acquired in rapid succession daily newspapers in Salt Lake City, Detroit, St. Paul, Minnesota, and San Jose, California.

Singleton served on the board of the Newspaper Association of America from 1993 until 2004 and is the former board chairman. He is on several boards in Colorado, including The Helen G. Bonfils Foundation, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, the Winter Park Recreational Association Board, and the Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center, the National Sports Center for the Disabled. In addition, he is a former member of the board of trustees for University of Denver.

MediaNews developments
In January 2010, Affiliated Media, parent of MediaNews, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The MediaNews creditors then removed Media News president Joseph Lodovic and its chairman, William Dean Singleton, was reassigned to the position of “executive chairman of the board."

The Singleton-Lodovic appointees to the MediaNews board were replaced by new directors representing the stockholders group led by Alden Global Capital, a hedge fund firm which has acquired a large, though not controlling, stake. Several interim executive positions were also filled by people related to Alden or its parent, Smith Management LLC.

Personal life
He is married to the former Adrienne Casale of Fairfield, New Jersey. They have three children, William, Paige, and Adam.

title: William Dean Singleton


text:
CCM Communications

CCM Communications, now part of and operating as Salem Publishing, publishes CCM Magazine. It was founded in June 1978 to publish the namesake magazine. The name changed as the company expanded into radio and the Internet.

title: CCM Communications


text:
Talk:Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei

can we see proof of Kantei terrorist thing?
no hits except copy from wikipedia on google
 * I've removed it. It can return with a citation. --Cherry blossom tree 18:43, 9 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There's some material on the Japanese Wikipedia we could use to expand this article.--WoodElf 06:15, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Name
Is The "Kantei" official name? I think the "Prime Minister's Official Residence" is official name, the "Kantei" is nickname. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Switchback dinamite (talk • contribs) 02:32, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Nobody objected to argued against what Switchback dinamite said. --Switchback dinamite (talk) 08:21, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The new title is confusing. The official name of the Building is Sori Daijin Kantei, or Kantei for short. I think we should keep the title in the native language. Cf. Rashtrapati Bhavan, Kesäranta. --User:WoodElf 12:34, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The Kantei is a nickname. It is not a official name. --114.48.161.129 (talk) 07:40, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

Requested move 22 September 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. Stale discussion with no clear consensus. No prejudice to a renomination. (closed by non-admin page mover) estar8806 (talk) ★ 21:42, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan) → Prime Minister's Office of Japan – Kantei is not used as the offcial residence of PM, instead Sōri Kōtei (総理公邸), the Prime Minister's personal residential quarters may be used as the official residence. kantei.go.jp also use Prime Minister's Office of Japan as the English translation now. An alternate naming could be Kantei to show its uniqueness. PointInfo (talk) 04:10, 22 September 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. Natg 19 (talk) 01:47, 12 October 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * This article covers the Sōri Kōtei building and the Kantei building, whereas the proposed title (and the linked website) focus on what duties the prime minister and his cabinet are performing. In other words, using "Prime Minister's Office of Japan" would be similar to renaming White House to Executive Office of the President of the United States; those are two different topics. While the prime minister does not have to live in the official residence, to the best of my knowledge the building is still the official residence. Prime Minister's Office of Japan should likely be redirected to Cabinet of Japan. Dekimasu よ! 04:58, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comment. I do understand your concern, that "Prime Minister's Office of Japan" sounds like an administrative organization not a building. As I am not a native speaker in English, I cannot think of another way to express that this building is literally the office being used by the PM. In this case, maybe renaming it to "Kantei" is a better choice, because as I have mentioned, the current Kantei is not the offcial residencee, Kōtei is. You mentioned that both Kantei and Kōtei are covered in this article, which I think should be changed. Ideally there should be two separate articles, like what ja wiki did. PointInfo (talk) 05:59, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I think we should reach a consensus that at least the title should be changed, because the five-stories building was never used as the official residence. And if we want to have the title unchanged, then this article should be about Kōtei, not Kōtei and Kantei combined. PointInfo (talk) 06:03, 22 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei


text:
Talk:Bobby Fischer/to do

 * Replace fair use images with free images, or obtain free licenses for existing images
 * Expand treatment of Fischer's career for the years 1970-1972 (rationale: these are the special years in Fischer's career--he may have been #1 in the world as early as 1967, but it was by no means clear that he would win world championship. As early as Rovinj-Zagreb, however, it was clear that Fischer had made a quantum leap in strength and was far ahead of the top Soviet players....)
 * Any comprehensive article on Fischer is incomplete without a few positions that exemplify his brilliant chess moves. It would be nice if even two of these positions were included with an explanation for non-chessplayers that made understandable why the way he handled that position was so amazing.
 * I suggest Robert Byrne v. Fischer, U.S. Championship 1963 . In Fischer's "My 60 Memorable Games" Evans notes that the commentator in the analysis room was explaining how Fischer had misplayed things and was probably lost when the word came:  Byrne had resigned.
 * And probably also Donald Byrne v. Fischer, Rosenwald Memorial 1956, called by some "The Game of the Century" though that is easily disputed.
 * I disagree about single "brilliant" moves either making or explaining a champion. -Wfaxon 20:29, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I was not referring to solitary "brilliant" moves, but rather an exemplification of his chess-playing ability, which has now been incorporated into the article. 69.221.160.216 (talk) 22:28, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

1967? 2nd Piatagorsky Cup - crisis & comeback

1968-69 disappearance

1970
 * blitz event
 * Rovinj-Zagreb "Tournament of Peace"
 * Buenos Aires
 * Siegen Olympiad

Should also add in the popular culture section that there is a song called "Bobby Fischer" by the australian band "Lazy Susan"

title: Talk:Bobby Fischer/to do


text:
Talk:Nepal National Teachers Association

NTA
NTA? Communistic and napalese? Since when?

 * did you know that the world is bigger than the u.s.? --Soman 19:04, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I know the world is larger then the US but being American and hearing NTA as something else for a while now hearing something totally different is odd. But dont get me wrong... --El Froggo

While I was participating in the February 2012 Wikification Backlog Elimination Drive, I came across this article. I've added some info, an infonox for trade unions, a source, some categories, and etcetera. For what I know, it's NNTA and not NTA, and I think it would be better to move this article to Nepal National Teachers Association, but I could be wrong on that. Happy editing. –p joe f (talk • contribs) 21:55, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's correct. Btw, NTA in Nepal would be the Nepal Teachers Association, linked to Nepali Congress. --Soman (talk) 22:20, 6 February 2012 (UTC)


text:
FirstEnergy

FirstEnergy Corp. is an electric utility headquartered in Akron, Ohio. It was established when Ohio Edison merged with Centerior Energy in 1997. Its subsidiaries and affiliates are involved in the distribution, transmission, and generation of electricity, as well as energy management and other energy-related services. Its ten electric utility operating companies comprise one of the United States' largest investor-owned utilities, based on serving 6 million customers within a 65000 sqmi area of Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York. Its generation subsidiaries control more than 16,000 megawatts of capacity, and its distribution lines span over 194,000 miles. In 2018, FirstEnergy ranked 219 on the Fortune 500 list of the largest public corporations in the United States by revenue.

In November 2016, FirstEnergy made the decision to exit the competitive power business, and become a fully regulated company.

On July 21, 2020, Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, Larry Householder, former Ohio Republican Party Chairman Matt Borges, and three others were accused of accepting $60 million in bribes from FirstEnergy in exchange for $1.3 billion worth of benefits in the form of Ohio House Bill 6, as part of what became known as the Ohio nuclear bribery scandal. The stock price of the company plummeted within hours of the arrests being made. On July 22, 2021, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Ohio announced that FirstEnergy would be fined $230 million for their part in the scandal. This was the largest criminal fine ever collected by the Southern District.

Electric companies

 * Ohio Edison (northeastern Ohio)
 * Illuminating Company (northeastern Ohio)
 * Toledo Edison (northwestern Ohio)
 * Met-Ed (eastern Pennsylvania)
 * Penelec (central and northern Pennsylvania)
 * Penn Power (western Pennsylvania)
 * West Penn Power (western and central Pennsylvania)
 * Jersey Central Power & Light (eastern and northwestern New Jersey)
 * Mon Power (northern West Virginia)
 * Potomac Edison (western Maryland and West Virginia panhandle)

Ohio Edison
Ohio Edison Company (formerly OEC on the NYSE) was a publicly traded holding company that began in 1930 from the consolidation of 200 electric companies. By 1950, it ended up with two utility operating companies, Pennsylvania Power and Ohio Edison. It continued in existence until 1997, when its merger with Centerior formed FirstEnergy.

Subsidiaries

 * In 1944, the Pennsylvania Power Company became a subsidiary of Ohio Edison, and is now one of the ten operating utilities.
 * In 1950, the Ohio Edison Company merged with the Ohio Public Service Company, which continued to operate under its new Ohio Edison name. It is now one of the ten FirstEnergy operating companies, and is the main power provider for northeastern Ohio outside of Cleveland itself.

Centerior
Centerior Energy Corporation (formerly CX on the NYSE) was formed in 1986 from the affiliation of two public utilities. Centerior was based in Independence, Ohio, and existed as a publicly traded holding company for ten years, until its merger with Ohio Edison formed FirstEnergy in 1997:

 * The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company, commonly known as The Illuminating Company, was a publicly traded utility company through 1986, until it affiliated with Toledo Edison to come under the control of Centerior. Having been formed by 1929, by 1940 it had become one of ten major direct subsidiaries of North American Company, which in turn had been one of the original 12 stocks listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In 1978, Cleveland Electric Illuminating sought to buy Muny Light and Cleveland defaulted when bank credit was not extended without sale of the city's power company. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission charged Cleveland Electric Illuminating with a series of antitrust violations. It is one of three power companies serving Greater Cleveland, the others being city-owned Cleveland Public Power and Painesville Municipal Electric.
 * Toledo Edison Company (formerly TED on the NYSE) was a publicly traded utility company, until it affiliated with The Illuminating Company to form Centerior in 1986. It is the main power provider for northwestern Ohio.

GPU
General Public Utilities (formerly GPU on the NYSE) was a publicly traded utility holding company in Parsippany, New Jersey. In 1996, the company was reorganized and renamed GPU, Inc. In 1996, it formed a new division as well, GPU Energy, which became the holding company for its three utility operating companies:

 * Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP&L, serving most of central and northwestern New Jersey)
 * Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec, serving northern and central Pennsylvania)
 * Metropolitan Edison (Met-Ed, serving eastern and south-central Pennsylvania)

In 2001, FirstEnergy Corporation, with its four utility operating companies, merged with GPU, Inc., bringing GPU's three additional operating companies into FirstEnergy as well.

Through the 2001 acquisition of GPU, FirstEnergy also acquired:
 * MYR Group (formerly MYR on the NYSE), a subsidiary that GPU had created as a publicly traded company in the 1996 reorganization, to install and maintain utility power lines and cellular telephone communications towers.

GPU is best known as the former owner of the Three Mile Island nuclear plant. In 1989, Standley H. Hoch, a former executive with General Dynamics, became the CEO of GPU. Hoch had two main goals: cut costs; and fight to repeal the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, which made it difficult for utilities to operate across state lines.

Allegheny Energy
Allegheny Energy was an electric utility serving customers in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, and Maryland. Its regulated subsidiaries are West Penn Power (serving Southwestern and Central Pennsylvania), Monongahela Power (a.k.a. "Mon Power", serving Northern and Southern West Virginia), and The Potomac Edison Company (western and central Maryland, parts of eastern West Virginia, and northern Virginia). The electric generating plants are operated by subsidiary Allegheny Energy Supply Company and Monongahela Power.

Before the formation of Allegheny Energy, the holding company was known as Allegheny Power System which had the three utility operating units. The brand name Allegheny Power was used on customer bills, trucks and company equipment starting in 1996. In 1997, the company attempted to merge with Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Light Company. The merger was withdrawn by both parties and both companies did not merge. In 1999, Allegheny Power purchased the West Virginia operations of UtiliCorp United's West Virginia Power. UtiliCorp purchased Virginia Electric and Power Company's (present day Dominion Resources) West Virginia service area in 1986 and renamed the acquired service area West Virginia Power.

In February 2010, Allegheny Energy announced plans to merge with FirstEnergy. The merger was approved by stockholders of both companies, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and regulatory commissions in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. It was finalized when the Pennsylvania Public Utilities Commission approved the merger on February 24, 2011; the merger closed on February 25, 2011. The merger does not include Allegheny's service area in Virginia, which was purchased in 2010 by the Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative and the Rappahannock Electric Cooperative.

After the merger with Allegheny Energy, FirstEnergy was the largest investor-owned electric utility in the country (based on customers served) for a short period, before the Exelon/Constellation and Duke Energy/Progress Energy mergers.

FirstEnergy Formation
FirstEnergy was formed on November 7, 1997, when Ohio Edison acquired Centerior Energy and its subsidiaries for $1.6 billion in stock. The company was acquired with plans for a restructuring and layoffs to cut costs. That same month the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) initiated an investigation into the reliability of FirstEnergy's energy transmission in the context of possible plant shutdowns and prior problems with Centerior.

Subsequent mergers
In 2001, FirstEnergy merged with GPU, Inc., the owner of Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Pennsylvania Electric Company (Penelec), and Metropolitan Edison Company (Met-Ed).

FirstEnergy later merged with Greensburg, Pennsylvania-based Allegheny Energy in 2011.

Bankruptcy of FirstEnergy Solutions Corp. and formation of Energy Harbor Corp.
On March 31, 2018, FirstEnergy Solutions Corp. filed for bankruptcy. FirstEnergy Solutions Corp. was a member of FirstEnergy Generation, LLC–itself a generation subsidiary of FirstEnergy–while FirstEnergy itself remained solvent. The case is being closely watched as it could have significant implications for the U.S. power sector, as the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Ohio has asserted its primacy over the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relating to certain FirstEnergy Solutions FERC-regulated power purchase agreements.

FirstEnergy Solutions Corp. filed its eighth amended bankruptcy plan on October 14, 2019. In 2020, it emerged from bankruptcy, becoming Energy Harbor Corp. (a Delaware company).

Proposed power plant closures and bailout
In March, 2018, FirstEnergy announced it is closing the Perry Nuclear Generating Station and Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station, both in Ohio, and Beaver Valley Nuclear Power Station in Pennsylvania. This was followed in August 2018 with the announcement of the closure of two coal-fired plants, the W.H. Sammis Power Plant in Stratton, Ohio and the Bruce Mansfield Power Plant in Shippingport, Pennsylvania by June 2022.

However, the closure of the Perry, Davis–Besse, and Sammis plants were rescinded in July 2019 when the State of Ohio passed and signed into law a subsidy to support the Perry and Davis–Besse nuclear plants.

Bribery scandal
On July 21, 2020, Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, Larry Householder, former Ohio Republican Party Chairman Matt Borges, and three others were accused of accepting $60 million in bribes from FirstEnergy in exchange for $1.3 billion worth of benefits in the form of Ohio House Bill 6, which increased electricity rates and provided that money as a $150 million per year bailout for the two above-mentioned nuclear plants (Perry and Davis–Besse). The stock price of the company plummetted within hours of the arrests being made. FirstEnergy denied involvement in the charges. State legislators quickly announced plans for a bill to repeal H.B. 6. Several organizations called on the Ohio Attorney General to begin revoking the charter of FirstEnergy.

On October 29, 2020, The Independent Review Committee of the Board of Directors of FirstEnergy Corp. announced a leadership transition, including the termination of the company's Chief Executive Officer, Charles E. Jones, effective immediately. FirstEnergy also announced on the same day the termination of two other executives: its Senior Vice President of Product Development, Marketing, and Branding; and its Senior Vice President of External Affairs, effective immediately. During the course of the company's previously disclosed internal review related to the government investigations, the Independent Review Committee of the Board determined that these executives violated certain FirstEnergy policies and its code of conduct. Concurrently, Steven E. Strah, President of FirstEnergy, has been appointed Acting Chief Executive Officer, effective immediately.

On July 22, 2021, Vipal J. Patel, Acting U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Ohio, announced that FirstEnergy would be fined $230 million for its part in the scandal.

The bribery scandal ended up also affecting the company's major naming rights deal with the Cleveland Browns for FirstEnergy Stadium, which was originally to run from 2013 through the end of the 2029 NFL season. The Cleveland city council passed a resolution in June 2022 to urge FirstEnergy to relinquish the rights. At the time, the Browns nor FirstEnergy motioned that the agreement would be revoked. The Browns then announced on April 13, 2023 that the team and FirstEnergy had come to an agreement to immediately terminate the naming rights deal, restoring the name of the venue to Cleveland Browns Stadium.

COVID-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the company stopped power shutoffs and restored connections for those whose power had been terminated because of non-payment. They also requested that customers who were facing hardship paying their utility bills contact the company to set up alternate payment programs, energy assistance programs or other energy arrangements, based on the customer's ability to pay. This included customers of all ten FirstEnergy utility companies in six states.

Intent to exit non-regulated business
FirstEnergy announced its intent in November 2016 to exit the competitive businesses while staying in the regulated businesses and become a fully regulated company during the next 18 months. FirstEnergy Solutions, the company's then-competitive subsidiary, managed 13,000 MW of generating capacity and was a leading energy supplier serving residential, commercial and industrial customers in the Northeast, Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. It was anticipated that some generating units would be sold and that others would be shut down. Robert E. Murray, CEO of Murray Energy, warned in August 2017 that FirstEnergy Solutions was in danger of bankruptcy if the White House would not issue an emergency order to open coal-fired plants. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) unanimously rejected a United States Department of Energy (DOE) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) to subsidize coal and nuclear plants in January 2018. FirstEnergy Solutions filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on March 31, 2018. As a result of the bankruptcy, FirstEnergy Solutions sought federal intervention of invoking Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act to keep their power plants operating.

In February 2018, FirstEnergy announced plans to deactivate or sell Pleasants Power Station in West Virginia. In March 2018, FirstEnergy announced plans to deactivate or sell the Beaver Valley, Davis-Besse, and Perry nuclear power plants, which are in the Ohio and Pennsylvania deregulated electricity market, during the next three years.

FirstEnergy's electric generation is primarily from coal and nuclear power plants, but also includes natural gas, oil, and hydroelectric power plants.

Environmental record
A 2017 report conducted by the University of Massachusetts Amherst placed FirstEnergy 9 out of the top 100 of the country's largest greenhouse polluters.

In 2008, FirstEnergy was required to pay $1.5 billion by 2011 as part of a settlement to end a lawsuit filed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. This lawsuit alleged that the company failed to install pollution control equipment when upgrading its coal burning plants. Also as part of the settlement, major pollution control equipment is now being installed at the FirstEnergy Sammis site and others. This lawsuit was one of the New Source Review lawsuits filed in the 1990s.

To provide cleaner energy to its customers, FirstEnergy took several important steps in 2009. First, the company announced plans in April to repower Units 4 and 5 at its R.E. Burger Power Station in Shadyside, Ohio, to generate electricity principally with biomass, the only base load renewable source that can displace coal emissions. Furthermore, FirstEnergy hosted a 1 MW pilot plant test of carbon capture retrofit equipment for carbon sequestration on one of the remaining coal units at the R.E. Burger. In September, FirstEnergy decided to complete construction on the Fremont Energy Center, a 707-MW natural-gas-fired peaking plant by the end of 2010. And finally in November, FirstEnergy purchased the rights to develop a compressed-air electric generating plant in Norton, Ohio, which Ohio Governor Ted Strickland praised as "an example of how we can leverage technology and our natural resources to grow our economy and ensure our energy future." The Norton project, part of the company's overall climate change strategy, has the potential to be expanded to up to 2,700 MW of capacity—the largest in the world by far. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, "a compressed-air energy storage project of this size...could be a key component in integrating large-scale intermittent renewables (such as wind) onto the nation's grid system." Together, these projects, when completed, will further reduce the utility's emissions of, which already is about one-third below the regional average.

FirstEnergy Solutions Corp. has also given renewable energy certificates to help balance out the amount of electricity used in Earth Day events that were held at nine post-secondary education locations in Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Each of the schools received five SmartWind REC's, enough energy to light a large building for the entire day.

Energy efficiency became a state mandate in 2008 when lawmakers agreed with former Gov. Ted Strickland after months of debate to pass a law requiring electric utilities to help customers use less electricity every year—22 percent less by 2025 than they did in 2009. Under the 2008 law, FirstEnergy surcharges companies that do not invest in energy efficiency. But industries that use their waste heat to make power could escape that rate increase.

As of November 29, 2012 FirstEnergy Corp. has abandoned its behind-the-scene lobbying campaign to persuade lawmakers to gut a four-year-old law requiring utilities to help customers use less electricity by switching to energy efficient equipment and lighting.

Little Blue Run
Several cases have been brought against FirstEnergy for its dumping of coal waste into Little Blue Run Lake in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. FirstEnergy has dumped more than 20 billion gallons of coal ash and smokestack scrubber waste into the body of water which has contaminated local water supplies with arsenic, sulfates, sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride.

A July 2012 consent decree from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection is forcing FirstEnergy to close the Little Blue Run Lake, an unlined waste impoundment in Beaver County, Pennsylvania and Hancock County, West Virginia. Coal ash waste slurry has been piped there from FirstEnergy's Bruce Mansfield Power Plant since 1974. The reservoir at Little Blue Run is the country's largest coal ash impoundment. Pollutants including sulfates, chlorides, and arsenic have been found in groundwater nearby. FirstEnergy must stop dumping coal ash at the site by 2016, pay a penalty of $800,000, provide clean water to local residents, and do environmental monitoring of seeps for toxic pollutants including selenium, boron, and arsenic.

Executives
Charles E. Jones was the president and chief executive officer of FirstEnergy from 2015 until his termination on October 29, 2020.

Steven E. Strah was named acting chief executive officer of FirstEnergy on October 29, 2020. Steven E. Strah decided to retire on September 16, 2022.

John Somerhalder served as interim CEO of FirstEnergy between September 17, 2022 and June 1, 2023.

On March 27, 2023, FirstEnergy announced Brian X. Tierney, a former executive at American Electric Power, as President and CEO of FirstEnergy. His role became effective June 1, 2023.

Notable accidents and incidents

 * The 2003 North American blackout was attributed mostly to FirstEnergy's failure to trim the trees around its high voltage lines in a certain sector of Ohio; heat and extreme power needs caused the lines to sag, coming into contact with the trees and causing flashover.

 * In 2005, the NRC identified two earlier incidents at Davis–Besse as being among the top five events (excluding the actual disaster at Three Mile Island) most likely to have resulted in a nuclear disaster in the event of a subsequent failure.

 * On Friday, January 20, 2006, FirstEnergy acknowledged a cover-up of serious safety violations by former workers at the Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station, and accepted a plea bargain with the U.S. Department of Justice in lieu of possible federal criminal prosecution. The plea bargain relates to the March 2002 discovery of severe corrosion in the pressure vessel of the nuclear reactor, contained within the plant's containment building.  In the agreement, the company agreed to pay fines of $23 million, with an additional $5 million to be contributed toward research on alternative energy sources and to Habitat for Humanity as well as to pay for costs related to the Federal investigation.  In addition, two former employees and one former contractor were indicted for purposely deceiving Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) inspectors in multiple documents (including one videotape) over several years, hiding evidence that the reactor pressure vessel was being seriously corroded by boric acid.  The maximum penalty for the three is 25 years in prison.  The indictment also cites other employees as providing false information to inspectors, but does not name them.

title: FirstEnergy


text: User talk:69.34.163.49

title: User talk:69.34.163.49


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Andrew Foster (politician)

Andrew Edmond Foster (October 12, 1867—November 5, 1956 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1922 to 1927, and again from 1932 to 1936.

Foster was born in Enterprise, Ontario, the son of Andrew Foster and Annabella Victoria Boddy, and was educated in that province. He worked as a farmer.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1922 provincial election. Running as a candidate of the United Farmers of Manitoba (UFM) in the Killarney constituency, he defeated his Conservative opponent G.W. Waldon by 202 votes. The UFM unexpectedly won a majority of seats in this election, and formed government as the Progressive Party. Foster was a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government.

In the 1927 provincial election, Foster lost to Conservative candidate John Laughlin by 255 votes. He was returned to the legislature in the 1932 election, defeating Laughlin by 90 votes. Prior to this election, the Progressive Party had formed an electoral alliance with the Manitoba Liberal Party, and government members became known as "Liberal-Progressives". Foster again served as a backbench supporter of Bracken's ministry.

He lost to Laughlin for a second time in the 1936 election, this time by 509 votes.

In 1940, the Liberal-Progressives and Conservatives formed a wartime coalition government. Foster again challenged Laughlin in Hamiota, this time running as an anti-coalition Liberal. Laughlin, now a supporter of Bracken's government, won the challenge easily.

title: Andrew Foster (politician)


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Lavinia Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk

Lavinia Mary Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (née Strutt; 22 March 1916 – 10 December 1995) was a British noblewoman.

Life
Born Lavinia Mary Strutt, she was the only daughter of Algernon Strutt, 3rd Baron Belper, and his wife, Eva. She was educated at Abbot's Hill School. On 27 January 1937, she married Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk at the Brompton Oratory. She did not convert to Roman Catholicism, her husband's religion. They had four daughters, only one (the youngest) of whom has children:

 * Lady Anne Fitzalan-Howard, later 14th Lady Herries of Terregles (1938–2014); married Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge
 * Lady Mary Fitzalan-Howard, later 15th Lady Herries of Terregles (1940–2017); married Anthony Mumford
 * Lady Sarah Fitzalan-Howard (1941–2015); married Nigel Clutton
 * Lady Jane Fitzalan-Howard, later 16th Lady Herries of Terregles (b. 1945); married Michael Kerr, 13th Marquess of Lothian

At the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937, the Duchess of Norfolk was one of four duchesses who held the canopy above Queen Elizabeth during the latter's anointing. In 1953, she took the part of Queen Elizabeth II during dress rehearsals for the coronation at Westminster Abbey. The Duke of Norfolk was hereditary Earl Marshal, and organised both coronations as well as important state events in later years.

Charities
The Duchess was involved with many charities and was appointed a CBE in 1971 for her work. Among firsts for women, she was the first woman Lord Lieutenant as Lord Lieutenant of West Sussex from 1975 (a post she took over from her husband after his death that year), first woman steward of Goodwood from 1975 and the first non-royal Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter. The Duchess was Princess Anne's predecessor in the presidency of the Riding for the Disabled Association. The presidency passed from the Duchess to the Princess in 1986.

Sport
For many years, the traditional curtain-raiser to the English international cricket season was a match between Lavinia, Duchess of Norfolk's XI and the visitors, played at Arundel Castle. It played on in the Duchess' name after the Duke's death in 1975, reverting to its original name after her own death in 1995.

The Duchess was an owner of racehorses: her best winners included Moon Madness, Sheriff's Star and Lucky Moon (Goodwood Cup).


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Ashley Wood

Ashley Wood (born 1971) is Australian comic book artist and illustrator known for his cover art, concept design and his work as an art director. Wood initially worked in both the UK and international comic book industries, working on characters such as the British character Judge Dredd, before breaking into the US market, where he worked for such companies as Marvel Comics and DC Comics. Wood later worked for Image, creating graphic novels and cover art for the various Spawn properties of Todd McFarlane, and projects with IDW Publishing.

Wood generally works in mixed media, often combining oil painting with digital artmaking.

Career
Wood initially worked in both the UK and international comic book industries, working on characters such as the British character Judge Dredd, before breaking into the US market, where he worked for such companies as Marvel Comics and DC Comics. Wood later worked for Image, creating graphic novels and cover art for the various Spawn properties of Todd McFarlane, and projects with IDW Publishing.

Wood has contributed to both movie and TV projects.

Working in conjunction with Konami and Japanese producer/director Hideo Kojima to produce Metal Gear Solid comics. Wood assisted in creating one of the world's first digital comics for Sony's PlayStation Portable platform, the Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel. Following this, he also supplied art for the cinema scenes in the 2006 PlayStation Portable game Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, and for the comic book adaptation of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, which is receiving the same digital treatment as its predecessor.

In 2004, Ashley Wood and TP Louise formed 7174 PTY LTD., an Australian-based entertainment company. Operating from Australia on a global scale, 7174 is active in creating entertainment properties for the comic, film, toy, and video game industry among others. Ashley Wood is the creator of the Popbot and World War Robot series of graphic novels, Popbot is currently in film production with Resolution Independent and World War Robot is currently in pre-production with Disney Studios with Jerry Bruckheimer producing. Previous works include the graphic novel Lore which is currently in pre-production with Warner Brother's studio, with Barry Sonnenfeld directing initially; later, Dave Green was appointed as director, instead. Another Wood collaboration Zombies Vs Robots is currently in pre-production with Sony Pictures, with Michael Bay producing.

In 2020, Wood started another partnership with Chris Ryall setting up a new publishing venture called Syzygy Publishing.

Awards

 * 2002 Spectrum Gold Award for Advertising, for Popbot Blue
 * 2002 Spectrum Gold Award for Comics, for "Luwona Angry"
 * 2002 Award of Excellence for Illustration, Communication Arts

Nominations

 * 2006 Eisner Award for Best Short Story for "Blood Son" (shared with Chris Ryall)
 * 2006 Eagle Award for Favourite Comics Artist for Painted Artwork
 * 2007 Eagle Award for Favourite Artist for Painted Artwork
 * 2007 Eagle Award for Favourite Comics-Related Book, for Uno Tarino: The Latest Art of Ashley Wood
 * 2011 Designer Toy Award for Artist of the Year

Comics and trade paperbacks

 * Zombies Vs Robots
 * Zombies vs Robots vs Amazons
 * Popbot 1 - 8
 * Popbot Reader
 * Popbot Collection 1 (Collects issues 1–3)
 * Popbot Collection 2 (Collects issues 4–6)
 * Popbot Complete (Collects issues 1–7)
 * Popbot Big Beautiful Book (Collects issues 1–8)
 * Duo Stars (Issue 1)
 * Automatic Kafka (Issues 1 – 9)
 * Lore
 * Metal Gear Solid
 * Metal Gear Solid Sons of Liberty
 * D'Airain Aventure (Issues 1, 2)
 * Hellspawn
 * 30 Days of Night (Original series covers)
 * Spawn
 * Doomed
 * Ghost Rider 2099
 * Doom 2099
 * Tank Girl: The Gifting
 * Sam and Twitch
 * Silent Hill
 * CSI
 * Dampyr (Covers only)
 * Dark Horse Down Under #1–3
 * Shadowman
 * Shadowplay
 * Reptilia (Cover only)
 * Transformers: Generations (Variant covers to #1–6)
 * 24Seven Vol. 2 (Cover and Pin-Up)
 * The Nightmare Factory OGN (Cover only)
 * Children of the Grave TPB (Cover only)
 * The Authority: Scorched Earth (Cover only)
 * Uncanny X-Men #400 (Cover and some interior pages)
 * Civil Wardrobe
 * Kade: Sun of Perdition #4 (Variant cover)
 * Grendel: Red, White and Black
 * Star Wars Tales #16 (Cover only)
 * Event Horizon Vol 1 and 2 Mam Tor Publishing (Sheriff 13 short in Vol 1, Closing Pandora short in Vol 2)
 * Snaked (Covers)
 * Miss + Mrs Volume 1
 * Adventure Kartel Primer June 2011
 * Next Issue Project: Fantastic Comics No. 24

Books

 * World War Robot Volume 1 Illustrated
 * World War Robot Volume 2
 * Complete World War Robot (Collects Volumes 1 & 2)
 * World War Robot 215.mm Edition
 * Spawn Book of the Dead

Art books

 * Gutsie Gator
 * Legger Boot
 * Uno Fanta
 * Dos Fanta
 * Tres Fanta
 * Sencilla Fanta (Sketch book)
 * Sencilla Finale (Sketch book)
 * Grande Fanta (Collects Uno, Dos and Tres Fanta)
 * Grande Finale (Collects Uno, Dos and Tres Fanta + 20 extra pages)
 * Extreme Finales (Collects Sencilla Fanta, Sencilla Finale and Grande Finale)
 * Swallow (Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
 * Sparrow (Books 0, 1, 7, 14)
 * 48 Nudes
 * 48 More Nudes
 * 96 Nudes (Collects 48 Nudes and 48 More Nudes)
 * Uno Tarino
 * Dos Tarino
 * Tre Tarino
 * Fat Tarino (Collects Uno, Dos, Tre Tarino)
 * Snickety Snick series (3 books) + Big Gibbly Annual 2004 (One book collecting them all.) (sketch books)
 * Chunky Bits
 * F.I. #1
 * Fuck It (Books 1, 2, 3, 4)
 * Raw Fuck It Volume 1
 * Fuck It Omnipuss (Collects Fuck It 1, 2, 3 Plus Bonus Material)
 * Ashley Wood's Art of Metal Gear Solid
 * Zawa-zawa: Treasured Art Works of Ashley Wood(978-4-7562-4656-1) PIE International

Toy books

 * Apertore #1
 * Entreat

Toys

 * G.I. Joe Comic Packs (Hasbro Toys), Issue Covers No. 1, #21, No. 24
 * Spawn HSI.011 (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * Spawn HSI.005 (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * Sam and Twitch STI.022 (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * Raven HellSpawn 2 (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * HellSpawn I.001 (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * Raven Spawn (Todd McFarlane Toys)
 * Bearbrick Ashley Wood Bambalad (Medicom)
 * WBR Brambleton Hardacre (Hyperchild)
 * Popbot Polystone Statue (Sideshow)
 * Popbot Exclusive Polystone Statue (Sideshow)
 * Lady Sham Polystone Statue (Sideshow)
 * Les Mort 13 (how2work)
 * WWR Bertie: Desert Rat, Dirty Deeds, ZvR Warbot (ThreeA)(Bigshottoyworks)
 * WWR Armstrong: Lunar Defense Camo, Shadow Guard, Suicide Club, White Engineer (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Armstrong: Suicide Club 0G, Shadow Guard 0G, Lunar Defense Camo 0G, White Engineer 0G, Medic 1G, EMGY 1G, JEA Marine 1G, African defence 1G, Dead Deed 1G, Daywatch 1G, Nightwatch Og, Tokyo Toy con Exclusive (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Bertie: Daywatch mk2 & mk3, Deep Powder mk2 & mk3, Desert Combat Sandy,  Dirty Deeds, DIY, Dutch Merc Zwarte Torens, Hatchery Guard, Kruschev Memorial Guard Sabre MK2, Marine Jea Division mk2, Medic mk2, Nightwatch mk2 & mk3, Warbot (ThreeA)
 * WWR Bramble: Deep Powder, Euro Div, Nightwatch (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Bramble: Deep Powder, Desert, DIY, Euro, DIY, Euro(Red), Euro (Blue), Frosty Choad, Winter Defense, Grave Digger RPG, IDW Security X, Kruschev Memorial Guard RPG, Marine JEA, Medic, Dutch Merc, Phobos Defense, Pink Dazzle, 13th Calvary, 13th Calvary Commander, Daywatch, Daywatch Heavy, Nightwach, Nightwatch Heavy, Marine Jea Heavy, Afirican Defense Heavy, PRU Support Heavy (ThreeA)
 * WWR Drop Cloth: 3AA EMGY, Daywatch, Desert, DIY, Jungler, Medic Zhivago, Monty, Nightwatch, Peaceday, Slim Red, Snowballer, Uncle 2 (ThreeA)
 * WWR Large Martin: Big Red, Daywatch, Desert, Frosty, Iron Panda,Hatchery Guard, Nightwatch (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Large Martin: Big Red, Daywatch, Deep Powder, Desert, Frosty, Iron Panda, Jea Marine, Modchip, Nightwatch, Norge Defense (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Damn Large Martin: Auspublic Region Def, Big Red, Deep Powder, Desert, DIY, Iron Panda, Martian Dam Buster, Shitty Nine Iron Panda (ThreeA)
 * WWR Squares: Daywatch, Desert, Dirty Deeds, EMGY, Euro, Frosty, Iron Panda, Lunar Camo, Medic, Merc, Nighwatch, Peaceday, Red (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Squares: Deep Powder, Dirty Deeds, Dutch Merc, Euro, Frosty, Kruschev Memorial Guard, Jea Marine, Jea MiM, Medic, Warbot, ISO, Nightwatch, Daywatch (ThreeA)
 * WWRp Grunts: Medic, Jea MiM, Jungle, Stealth, DIY, Desert, Deep Powder
 * WWRp De Plumes: Nom De Plume, Noir De Plume, Gebi De Plume, Blanc De Plume, DIY De Plume, Kuan Ti Plume, Barguest de Plume, Jung De Plume, Von Nom, Spook von nom (ThreeA)
 * Ma.K., Kow Yokoyama x Ashley Wood: 1/12 Kröte(camo), 1/12 Kröte exclusive(winter) (ThreeA)

Video games

 * Contra: Shattered Soldier (PlayStation 2, 2002) – cover artwork and promotional illustrations
 * Contra Advance: The Alien Wars EX (Game Boy Advance, 2002) – cover artwork and promotional illustrations
 * Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel (PlayStation Portable, 2006) – artwork
 * Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (PlayStation Portable, 2006) – artwork
 * Halo 3 (Xbox 360, 2007) – poster
 * Halo 3: ODST (Xbox 360, 2009) – "Sadie's Story" artwork
 * Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (PlayStation Portable, 2010) – guest artist
 * Identity V (Mobile devices and PC, 2018) – guest artist

Home video

 * Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée (DVD, 2008) – artwork

title: Ashley Wood


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Agustina Cherri

Agustina Cherri (born February 15, 1983, Argentina) is one of the leading actresses in Argentina with more than 30 years of career.

Biography
Agustina Cherri grew up as a fan of Flavia Palmiero, a famous children's show host during Cherri's childhood. She had been taking dancing classes and felt someday she would become a great dancer. In 1990, Agustina heard that there was an audition for children dancers at Palmiero's Telefe television show, La Ola Esta de Fiesta. Cherri asked her mother to take her to the audition, and she was chosen for the show, making it her first show business experience.

Career
Agustina Cherri first taste of fame came after she played Camila in 1991's Grande Pa!, a show that made her popular among Argentine pre-teens. At the same time, she participated in a variation of La Ola Esta de Fiesta, Flavia Esta de Fiesta. In 1993, she played Paola in Regalo del Cielo, which was not a major hit and has been a rather forgotten program by the general public. Her fame continued growing after her first stint at Chiquititas as Milagros Urién and, in 1998, she participated in Verano del '98, she played the role of Violeta Herrera, which was replayed by the Argentine television network in 2005. In 1999, Cherri was given her first opportunity to star in a show, playing Lucia Escobar, the leading female character in Cabecita. Two important events happened in Cherri's career during 2001: She was recalled to play Milagros Urién once again in Chiquititas, and she made her feature film debut, in a movie named Rodrigo, la Pelicula. Cherri participated as Gisela Vargas in Canal 13 Mil Millones, made in 2002, and as Anita in 2003 Son amores. That same year, she modeled for a calendar published by Caras magazine. During 2004, Cherri played Shamira in another major Canal 13 hit, Los Pensionados, and as Angela Capello in Hombres de Honor. In 2006 she starred in one of the chapters of Mujeres asesinas. At the beginning of 2007 she returned to the theater starring in the play ¿Quién le teme a Virginia Woolf?. In 2007 she's starring in the soap Mujeres de Nadie. The role was originally for Marcela Klobooster, who also starred in Chiquititas, but she couldn't accept it. Mujeres de Nadie is doing well on its afternoon slot at Canal 13. That same year she appeared in Todos contra Juan where she depicted herself. In 2009 she starred alongside Carmen Vallejos and Leonor Benedetto the prestigious unitary Rosa, Violeta y Celeste in Canal7. In 2010 she returns to participate in the telenovela Todos contra Juan. After moving away from acting for almost a year and a half due to motherhood, Agustina returns to television as the protagonist of the new unit of Canal7, El paraíso alongside Alejandro Awada and Mariano Torre. The unit and the performance of Agustina received extremely favorable reviews. In 2014, she was one of the protagonists of Pol-ka's sitcom Mis amigos de siempre alongside Nicolás Cabre, Nicolás Vázquez, Emilia Attías, Gonzalo Heredia and Calu Rivero. On the screen of Telefe she starred an episode of the unit La celebración, which was recorded a year before its broadcast. In the channel encuentro she produced and narrated the cycle Historias de género. In 2016 she is co-star of the telenovela Los ricos no piden permiso, where she plays Elena. In 2017 she star in the telenovela of Telefe Fanny, la fan where she plays Fanny. She is currently working on a theatrical work directed by Guillermo Francella based on the film of Paolo Genovese "Perfectos Desconocidos" alongside Carlos Portaluppi Magela Zannota, Gonzalo Heredia, Alejandro Awada, Mercedes Funes and Peto Menahem.

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Humanitarian Activities
Since 2004 Agustina along with the support of the Municipality Pilar founded ADA since then chaired the non-profit association. With her charity work and the galas which celebrities came, she managed to open the ADA Home, with space to 20 people. The institution had psychologists and social workers who worked with each person who entered the shelter to facilitate their conditions when entering. The home was a transit institution which aimed to devoted the victims of gender violence the desire to have a decent life and the possibility of reintegrating into society. Currently the foundation is still valid.

Personal life
From 2007 to 2014, Agustina Cherri was in a relationship with fellow Argentine actor Gastón Pauls with whom she has two children, daughter Muna, born on March 14, 2009, and Nilo, born on December 29, 2011.

Since 2014, Agustina Cherri is in a relationship with the musician Tomás Vera. On October 1, 2019, she gave birth to Alba, first daughter with her partner.

title: Agustina Cherri


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Ghazi Falah

Ghazi-Walid Falah (غازي فلاح, ראזי פלאח) is a Bedouin Palestinian-Canadian geographer, who was a tenured professor at the University of Akron, Ohio. He is an expert on political, social and urban geography of the Middle East and the Arab World, with special emphasis on Israel. He has published over 45 articles in 23 peer-reviewed journals, and he has given papers at conferences. He is author and co-editor of five books and monographs, including Geographies of Muslim Women (Guilford Publications, 2005), co-edited with Caroline Nagel. He also has co-authored articles with colleagues, David Newman and Colin Flint, with whom he has conducted joint research.

Falah is a founder of the Toronto-based peer review international journal The Arab World Geographer and serves as its Editor-in-Chief. The journal is published in English and features research on the geography of the Arab, Muslim, and Middle-Eastern worlds.

Early years
Falah was born in the village of Falahat Al Batouf, Galilee, Palestinian. He earned his B.A and M.A from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and PhD in Geography from Durham University. After completing his doctorate in 1982, Falah taught geography for a short period at Tel Aviv University, An-Najah University and in Hebron.

In 1987, he established the Galilee Center for Social Research in Nazareth, a research institute focused on Arab communities living in Israel, and he served as its first Executive Director until relocating to North America in 1991. There he was appointed as Fulbright Scholar and Visiting Associate Professor of Geography at the University of Northern Iowa.

Canada
In 1993, Falah migrated to Canada and subsequently became a Canadian citizen. He started a new chapter in his academic career in Toronto, with a grant from the MacArthur Foundation, and was based at the University of Toronto as Visiting Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Planning. During that same period, he was also a visiting scholar for five months at the University of Paris, Sorbonne, supported by a French CNRS research grant. His research has included studies of the differential distribution of facilities in Israeli Jewish and Arab areas.

He joined the University of Toronto Centre for Urban and Community Studies in 1995 as Research Associate, remaining there until 2001. While working on his research in Toronto, Falah also served, 1995-1997, as Lecturer at the University of Wales, Lampeter, a center for studies on the Muslim world. He then returned to the U.S., and accepted a position in the Department of Geography and Planning at the University of Akron in Ohio.

Detention and release
He was held for over three weeks in an Israeli jail after he was arrested on suspicion of espionage on July 8, 2006, while touring near the Lebanon border. The arrest occurred one week before the 2006 Israeli-Lebanon conflict. He was denied access to a lawyer for the first 18 days of his detention.

On July 30, 2006, the Israeli Shin Bet security service and the Israeli police released Falah without filing charges against him.

Recent activities
In recent years, Falah has broadened his interests to include the geography of the media, focusing on the representation of Arabs and Muslims in daily newspapers in the U.S.  Ghazi Falah was a tenured Full Professor at the University of Akron through around 2020. In 2021, he worked as a researcher at the College of Security and Global Studies, American University in the Emirates in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and in 2023 was working at the Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences at Mutah University, Al Karak, Jordan.

title: Ghazi Falah