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Foundation for New Era Philanthropy

The Foundation for New Era Philanthropy was a Ponzi scheme that operated from 1989 until its collapse in 1995 after having raised over $500 million from 1100 donors and embezzling $135 million of this. Most of the money was stolen from Christian religious organizations and charities in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area. The scheme was publicly discovered by Albert Meyer, an accounting teacher at Spring Arbor College and the auditing firm Coopers & Lybrand working with its client, a local religious college in Los Angeles who suffered no loss in its participation.

Origin
The Foundation was founded by John G. Bennett Jr., a prominent Christian businessman from the Philadelphia area who had previously run a variety of different entities, including some Pennsylvania state drug education centers and a corporate training business.

In 1989, Bennett invited several Christian friends to become "beneficiary donors" in a new organization he was founding. They were told that if they contributed at least $5,000 for three months, he would double it. He explained that he had identified secret donors who would match charitable contributions raised by his friends. So rather than donating $5,000 to charity, a sponsor gave the money to New Era Philanthropy for three months, then he or she could donate $10,000.

His friends obliged by giving him various amounts, which Bennett used to pay his bills. He was able to pay them their doubled funds in January 1990 by tapping a payment made to a consulting business he ran on the side. This was the last "real" income paid to investors. To have funds ready to pay off the climbing number of deposits, he increased the minimum "contribution" to $25,000 and lengthened the minimum waiting period. Different donors were told different things; over time the waiting period grew from six to nine to ten months. The number of anonymous donors, anonymous benefactors, and anonymous philanthropists also varied, though Bennett eventually settled on claiming to have nine of them.

John M. Templeton, Jr., son of John Templeton, Sr., the famous investor and philanthropist, was a friend of Bennett, and people believed that he was one of the anonymous donors. In addition, Prudential Securities was a prominent part of the setup (and became the subject of a $90 million lawsuit accusing them of complicity).

In 1994, Bennett expanded the program to allow "donations" by nonprofit organizations.

The program remained small until 1993, when the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences asked for a quarter-million dollar match. After successfully completing that match, many major organizations such as the Philadelphia Public Library and the University of Pennsylvania joined, along with churches and other Christian organizations. Like most modern pyramid or Ponzi schemes, Bennett's was an "affinity" scheme, in which he defrauded people of common interest: in this case, local nonprofit organizations and Christian charities. Using the swelling funds from these churches, Bennett expanded further, establishing offices in Radnor, Pennsylvania. He had glossy brochures and a staff to process all the money coming in.

He expanded his sales force by encouraging organizations to take a "finder's fee" of 10% from any money they raised. In other words, if a representative could convince donors to give $10,000,000, the agent could keep $1,000,000 for himself, give the remaining $9,000,000 to New Era and get back $18,000,000 for the nonprofit in six months. And to further increase inflows, in 1993 Bennett started allowing the organizations to donate to themselves, often out of their endowment funds. The directors of the charities who handed over their endowments to New Era were then rewarded with finder's fees.

By and large his donors did not ask many questions. When they wanted proof that the money they donated was not being stolen, he provided evidence that the Foundation owned government bonds. However, he was showing the same bonds to everybody, and they had been pledged as collateral on loans anyway. He also had prospective participants speak with supposed representatives of Prudential Bache Securities. Later review showed that the Foundation's tax returns, which had always been publicly available, did not reflect the numerous funds supposedly held by New Era. New Era used a small one-man CPA firm; later review by Coopers & Lybrand identified erroneous financial opinions by this firm as potential red flags.

Bennett told prospects that his anonymous donors met several times a year, in person or by phone. Former U.S. Treasury Secretary William E. Simon asked to be admitted to the donor panel. Bennett never responded to the request and Simon gave him money anyway.

With the cash flowing through his hands, Bennett made all sorts of private investments. He bought a share of a travel agency and ran all of New Era's travel business through it. He also purchased a publishing house and other businesses.

In early 1995, the Foundation for New Era Philanthropy was receiving praise in the press for giving money to religious organizations and involving high school students in charitable events. However, the end came swiftly.

On May 15, 1995, a skeptical article about the Foundation appeared on the front page of The Wall Street Journal. The same day, the Foundation capitulated in the face of a lawsuit demanding repayment of a $44,000,000 loan and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In filing, the foundation stated that its assets were worth $80 million with liabilities of $551 million.

A close examination of the documents filed in the subsequent lawsuits reveals that more than $354 million had passed through New Era's hands and that Bennett had taken $8 million of that for himself.

In the end, by liquidating all of Bennett's personal assets and reclaiming funds that had been paid to earlier participants, the court was able to bring the total loss down to $135,000,000, spread among all participants in the scheme. In other words, participants who got out early and suffered no losses were required to give the money back, to be shared with others who were less careful (or less lucky).

Bennett faced 82 federal counts of money laundering and wire, mail and bank fraud. He planned to claim in his defense that he had been possessed by "religious fervor", but the judge did not allow this. In the end, Bennett pleaded no contest to all the charges in March 1997. Though federal sentencing guidelines indicated a sentence of 22 to 27 years, the judge gave him 12. He spent ten years at Ft. Dix Federal Correctional Institute before being released to a halfway house on September 11, 2007. He remained there until March 2008.

The scandal touched 1,100 individuals and charities, including more than 180 evangelical groups, colleges, and seminaries. A partial list appears below.

Reasons for collapse
All Ponzi schemes die sooner or later, as they are inherently unsustainable. Bennett's particular scam collapsed because of an investigation headed by Mary Beth Osborn, head of the Charitable Trust Section of the Pennsylvania Attorney General's office. She had received a letter in 1993 from a suspicious whistleblower within New Era. Her inquiry eventually resulted in New Era's registry with the IRS.

As Bennett started to disclose greater financial details, New Era caught the wary eye of Albert Meyer, a Spring Arbor University accounting professor, whose institution in Michigan had been drawn into the matching scheme. Meyer's research indicated that the Foundation was a scam, but Spring Arbor College successfully collected on its early investment. College officials told Meyer that he was going to endanger their ability to get matching grants if he kept asking so many questions. They went so far as to wave a check from New Era in Meyer's face before investing more money. Meyer however was sure he was right and alerted federal investigators and The Wall Street Journal that New Era had all the features of a pyramid scam. After New Era collapsed, the president of Spring Arbor College called Meyer to apologize. "You were right all along. We should have listened to you," he admitted.

Charities
Per MinistryWatch, "the list of ministries involved with New Era... read like a Who’s Who of evangelical organizations."

According to the Pennsylvania Attorney General's complaint, prominent victimized charities (listed without dollar amounts) included the Boy Scouts of America, the Environmental Defense Fund, Haverford College, Harvard University, Princeton University, The Nature Conservancy, One to One Partnership Inc., Planned Parenthood, the Philadelphia Orchestra, Stanford University Medical School, the United Way and Yale Law School. Some of the organizations with known involvement amounts included (in alphabetical order):

 * Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, $2.7 million
 * Biblical Theological Seminary, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, $5.8 million
 * CB International, Wheaton, Illinois, $4.6 million
 * Covenant College, Lookout Mountain, Georgia, $5 million
 * Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan, $4 million
 * Houghton College, Houghton, New York, $4 million
 * John Brown University, Siloam Springs, Arkansas, $4 million
 * International Missions, Reading, Pennsylvania., $5 million
 * International Teams, Prospects Heights, Illinois., $5 million
 * King College, Bristol, Tennessee., $5 million
 * Spring Arbor College, Spring Arbor, Michigan, $1.5 million
 * United World Mission, $1.45 million
 * University of Pennsylvania, $2.1 million
 * Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, $4.6 million

Donors

 * George F. Bennett Jr., Boston, $3.3 million
 * Peter Ochs, ( address unknown ), $3.2 million
 * Buford Television Inc., Dallas, $3 million
 * Henry F. Harris, Wyndmoor, Pa., $3 million
 * Westwood Endowment, Indianapolis, $2.8 million (less than $280,000)
 * Don Soderquist, Rogers, Ark., $2.8 million
 * William Kanaga, Orleans, Mass., $2.4 million
 * Henry W. Longacre, Souderton, Pa., $2 million
 * Whitehead Foundation, New York, $2 million (about $1 million)
 * Amelior Foundation, Morristown, N.J., $1.9 million

Other sources of information

 * Lessons From New Era, Oct 1, 1998
 * Prudential Securities lawsuit announced
 * United Methodist News Service March 31, 1997
 * United Methodist News Service September 5, 1996
 * Christianity Today, October 27, 1997
 * Philadelphia Inquirer January 6, 1998
 * Washington Post May 18, 1995

title: Foundation for New Era Philanthropy


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Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/Hilbert's problems

Hilbert's problems
Noone has taken the hint on the talk page: I think this is good enough. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:12, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It's an appealing idea to have this page as a featured list. I'm not sure, though, that it's ever really going to meet the criterion of non-controversiality, especially if people start looking at it closely again. My position on Problem 1 is stark: The continuum problem is still open. Many disagree; I recently changed the entry to "No consensus". --Trovatore 15:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Complicating matters is the fact that Hilbert spoke for some time about some of the problems; boiling each of them down to a phrase is sure to lose some information. In particular, the discussion of Problem 2 would have to include a close reading trying to figure out just what he meant. --Trovatore 15:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Still, I like the idea--provided the finished product does not claim agreement among mathematicians that does not in fact exist. --Trovatore 15:13, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Object Can't understand it, and that's with a first-class degree in mathematics from 10 years ago. Needs to be simplified so a layman can understand what it's all about, jguk 18:02, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry - please could you explain in more detail which parts of the list do you not understand. I am not a mathematician at all, but I can see that this is a list of 23 (or 24) "important" maths problems selected in 1900 by a leading mathemetician, with an indication of the status of the problem ("solved" or not), a brief description of the problem, and the link to the relevant "main" article, such as Hilbert's first problem.  This page page is not meant to give more than a brief description of the problem: each problem is discussed in further detail in its own page (although 8 out of 23 are still unfortunately red). Would it help to add more wikilinks to the brief descriptions? (I have tweaked a bit)-- ALoan (Talk) 18:48, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's the brief descriptions I don't understand - they need to be expanded at least to give an idea to the layman as to what the problem is, jguk 19:28, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In the light of the comments below, can I invite you to reconsider, or at least explain what you would like the description column to say. For example, what should Problem 6 ("Axiomatize all of physics.") say? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:46, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well let's take Problem 12, for example: Extend Kronecker's theorem on abelian extensions of the rational numbers to any base number field. What does this mean? Or problem 21: Proof of the existence of linear differential equations having a prescribed monodromic group. I can't even begin to form a view as to what the problem really is. Surely there must be some way of explaining the concepts briefly to a layman? jguk 19:10, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you are the mathematician, but:
 * 12th - can I assume you have read Hilbert's twelfth problem, Kronecker's theorem, abelian extension, rational number and number field?
 * 21st - ditto Hilbert's twenty-first problemlinear differential equation and monodromic group?
 * However, I have just found this excellent site which may help massively on an attempt to describe many of the other problems, since I am already well out of my depth, but is not much use on the 12th and 21st problems. -- ALoan (Talk)

 * Comment I have to admit that I have no idea what some of the terms used in the list mean, but I expect that's what the list is for - a bunch of links to more comprehensive articles that (hopefully, if I cared about math at all) would explain them. As such, I'd like to support, but first I want to see a few less redlinks for the problems.  Eight out of 23 isn't a lot, but even a few less would be much better.  If this changes, I will support. --Sophitus 21:01, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * Right, I've added some stubs to deal with the redlink issue. I've also tweaked the descriptions in a few cases, but I'm not entirely sure how to turn the Riemann hypothesis (and others) into layman's language. -- ALoan (Talk) 19:46, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I now Support --Sophitus 03:20, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that Riemann hypothesis can be turned into "layman's language" without calling to severa other article. There is a limit to how much simplification can be brought on advanced mathematics. Circeus 11:32, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support.  Grue   11:52, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support now that I have added percentage widths to each column of the table. --Spangineer (háblame)  17:59, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, but I'm not sure that explicitly setting widths is really needed where there is only one table (where there is more than one table, it helps to make them consistent). I've tweaked to make "Problem" and the number appear on the same line on narrower displays. -- ALoan (Talk) 18:46, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * That was my concern. I'm using 1024x768 and before I made the change I saw them on two lines. I guess I didn't make the column big enough for 800x600.  If it's possible to define the first column to be a set number of pixels and let the others do what they please, that would be great, but I'm not sure it's possible. --Spangineer  (háblame)  19:27, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah - when the columns get small enough to be shorter than the longest word, the % width is ignored anyway. Perhaps the best way to achieve this would be to add a &nbsp; between them? -- ALoan (Talk) 11:29, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I thought about that last night; I guess great minds think alike =). Looks great now. --Spangineer  (háblame)  14:16, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * NOTE: Another borderline one. ALoan doesn't appear to have used his "find" to alter the article (though if I'm wrong I'm sure I'll be corrected). Leave listed to 14:12 on 9 August to allow for more comments/improvements, jguk 08:57, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, just not had time in the last few days. I also need to tweak United Nations member states, as it happens. -- ALoan (Talk) 21:33, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * (I'm afraid I don't have time to do these myself; I've just moved and don't have a permanent place to stay yet, so apartment hunting comes first.) Two big problems with 1 and 2: Prob 1 is still a redirect to Continuum hypothesis, which is not quite accurate; the first problem also involved finding a wellordering of the reals. Just what "finding" means here is not entirely clear. It could be argued that this part of the first problem was solved by Zermelo in the proof of the Well-ordering theorem from the axiom of choice, but it depends upon the reading.  There are several interesting things that could be said about finding a particular wellordering, depending again on what "particular" means. --Trovatore 23:20, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't disagree with the "resolved" label for prob 2, because we now know rather precisely under just what assumptions the consistency of PA may be proved, but this should be explained explicitly somewhere. --Trovatore 23:24, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Amal

I think this page should redirect to Amal party. Amal is quite different from Åmål; we would add a link to Åmål from the top of the page of Amal party. --Fred-Chess 14:12, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

amal- arabic name(female)- means "hope" or "aspirations".

Amal - indian name.. popular in south india. Amal means pure in hindi "without impurities". Usually name is given for males. For females Amala is used.

title: Talk:Amal


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Tetsuo Hara

Tetsuo Hara (原 哲夫) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known for co-creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series Fist of the North Star (1983–1988) with writer Buronson, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies in circulation.

Early life
Although born in Tokyo, Hara lived in Matsubara-danchi in Sōka, Saitama. He is a cousin of comedian Ryo Fukawa. Hara began drawing characters from Osamu Tezuka's Astro Boy and Jungle Emperor Leo, as well as Ikki Kajiwara and Naoki Tsuji's Tiger Mask in first and second grade. In third and fourth grade he was obsessed with Shotaro Ishinomori's Kamen Rider manga, while the work of Fujio Akatsuka showed him how diverse the medium could be.

Hara had decided to become a manga artist by second and third grade. In middle school he read manga about becoming one, as well as autobiographical manga, and studied yonkoma to improve his sequencing. He then entered the design program at his high school, joined the "manga gekiga club," and submitted entries to manga competitions run by magazines. Hara also found inspiration by visiting the workplace of Osamu Akimoto, who was an alumnus of his high school.

Career
When Hara approached Weekly Shōnen Jump about becoming a professional manga artist, editor Nobuhiko Horie liked his detailed artwork but noticed his poor story writing skills. Hara began working as an assistant to Yoshihiro Takahashi and also attended manga classes supervised by Kazuo Koike. He published several one-shots in 1982; "Mad Fighter" published in Fresh Jump in August, "Crash Hero" published in Weekly Shōnen Jump, and the boxing story "Super Challenger", which won first place at the 33rd Fresh Jump Prize. His first serialized work in Weekly Shōnen Jump was Iron Don Quixote, a motocross manga which lasted only ten weeks. Horie later claimed that the senior editor was willing to let Hara continue the series, but Horie chose to end it because he was confident the artist could do better. Hara then achieved fame with the publication of Fist of the North Star in 1983, which he co-created with Buronson. Ending in 1988, it spawned a massive franchise and went on to become one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies in circulation. His next long-running serial was Keiji, a period piece published in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1990 to 1993 and loosely based on a novel by Keiichiro Ryu. It was through Kazuhiko Torishima that Hara received the offer from Capcom to create the character designs for the 1993 video game Saturday Night Slam Masters. In 1998, Hara reunited with Horie, whom he had not worked with since Fist of the North Star, to create Kōkenryoku Ōryō Sōsakan Nakabō Rintarō. The artist stated that the editor-in-chief at Shueisha had warned him to stay away from Horie because he held "no status" at the company. Hara was bewildered as to what office politics had to do with creating manga, and he and Horie both left Shueisha after Kōkenryoku Ōryō Sōsakan Nakabō Rintarō ended in 2000.

Hara, Horie and others then founded the publishing company Coamix that same year, and launched the manga magazine Weekly Comic Bunch in 2001. Hara serialized Fist of the Blue Sky, a prequel to Fist of the North Star, in Weekly Comic Bunch from 2001 until the magazine's final issue in 2010. Originally published weekly, the manga changed to a semi-regular schedule after Hara was diagnosed with keratoconus. Despite previously announcing his intentions to retire after completing Fist of the Blue Sky, Hara went on to create Ikusa no Ko: The Legend of Nobunaga Oda, written by Seibo Kitahara and published in Monthly Comic Zenon from 2010 to 2022. An English edition of Ikusa no Ko was concurrently published on the official Silent Manga Audition Community website. In 2021, Hara said that rather than creating work on his own, he was more interested in working with younger artists to create works as a team and pass on his forty years of experience.

Influences
Hara has cited Fujio Akatsuka, Shotaro Ishinomori, Tetsuya Chiba, and Ryoichi Ikegami as some of his influences. The comedy in Akatsuk'a work showed him the "power" of manga and how fun it can be. Ishinomori's designs for heroes and monsters instilled in Hara to never get lazy with character designs, even for those that are killed off quickly. Chiba's work taught him that as long as the characters are interesting, they can move and progress the story on their own. Hara said that Ikegami had the biggest impact on his art, as the "realism and luster" in his characters show the "power" of gekiga.

Hara admits that from the very beginning of his career, he has never been good at creating the stories of manga. Instead he focuses on showcasing his art skills and creating characters. He credits his first editor, Nobuhiko Horie, for continuing to work with him his whole career and "helping to fill in for my weaknesses and further develop my strengths." He described the process as starting with Horie proposing a storyline, while Hara focuses on the characters and art direction and creates the storyboard. Hara then instructs his staff to help with the final product, describing the entire process as relying on "the strengths of each person to create something greater than the sum of its parts." For Fist of the North Star specifically, Hara revealed that he and Buronson did not see each other much and never had meetings directly about work. Instead, Horie acted as go-between for the two.

Novel illustrations

 * Kōryū no Mimi - (2 volumes, 1991–1993)
 * Ichimu An Fūryū Ki (1 volume, 1992 Shueisha Bunko edition)
 * Hokuto no Ken: Jubaku no Machi (1 volume, 1995)
 * Miyamoto Musashi (8 volumes, 2013 Takarashimasha Bunko edition)

Other works

 * Saturday Night Slam Masters/Muscle Bomber (1993 arcade game) - promotional illustrations. The character portraits in the arcade version were done by another artist, but they were replaced by Hara's own renditions in the console versions for the Super NES and Sega Genesis.
 * Muscle Bomber Duo (1993 arcade game) - promotional illustrations
 * Ring of Destruction: Slam Masters II/Super Muscle Bomber (1994 arcade game) - promotional and in-game illustrations.
 * Itadaki Muscle! (2006 TV series) - illustrations for the opening intro.
 * Mori no Senshi Bonolon (2006 anime series) - producer, character designer
 * Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Tsuki-gatari- (2008–2010 manga series) - co-author with Nobuhiko Horie, illustrated by Yuji Takemura
 * Thank You for the Music! (2010 album by Ryo Fukawa) - back cover illustration
 * Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Sake-gatari- (2010–2014 manga series) - co-author with Nobuhiko Horie, illustrated by Yuji Takemura
 * Gifū Dōdō!! Hayate no Gunshi -Kuroda Kanbee- (2013–2017 manga series) - co-author with Nobuhiko Horie, illustrated by Toshiaki Yamada
 * Gifū Dōdō!! Naoe Kanetsugu -Maeda Keiji Hana-gatari- (2014–2018 manga series) - co-author with Nobuhiko Horie, illustrated by Masato Deguchi
 * Maeda Keiji Kabuki Tabi (2019–present manga series) - co-author with Nobuhiko Horie, illustrated by Masato Deguchi

title: Tetsuo Hara


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User:WMarsh

I'm 21 years old, male, from the south east of England. I like music, mathematics, good food, good company, nature and the outdoors.

title: User:WMarsh


text: User talk:140.185.28.42

title: User talk:140.185.28.42


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Talk:Tetsuo Hara

This is the English Wiki
Please don't post foreign language articles here - most people can't read them - please transfer to the most appropriate other language Wiki. A curate's egg 14:14, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

He suffered from an eye condition which left him blind in one eye, so all his work must be fixed by his assistants due to errors in perspective - haha what is this? that's not how eyes or perspective work. -_-; 86.140.41.121 (talk) 14:41, 5 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Did you read the article at all? It causes a distortion of vision due to a curvature in the cornea. The cornea becomes cone-shaped. It can completely mess up perspective. Not specifically mentioned in the article, but chances are he is not entirely blind in that eye, or he also has the condition in his other eye. Either way it is a disorder that can mess up perspective. --Ryokashi (talk) 02:38, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tetsuo Hara


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User:Seerhut

About Me
E-mail: seerhut_AT_gmail_DOT_com

Web:    www.seerhut.org

PGP:    keyserver.pgp.com or  Seerhut/PGP QQ:     5337105

ICQ:    82799435

MSN:    seerhut_AT_hotmail_DOT_com

Skype:  seerhut

Google: seerhut_AT_gmail_DOT_com

title: User:Seerhut


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Kevin Fowler

Kevin Fowler (born May 11, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter. He has released five studio albums, and has charted four singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including the top 40 hit "Pound Sign (#?*!)". In addition, he wrote Sammy Kershaw's 2003 single "Beer, Bait & Ammo", Mark Chesnutt's 2004 single "The Lord Loves the Drinkin' Man" and Montgomery Gentry's 2009 single "Long Line of Losers".

Early life
Fowler was born in Amarillo, Texas, the younger of two children. His father introduced him to country music when he was a child, and as a teenager Fowler also developed a liking for rock music. He graduated in 1984 from Tascosa High School in Amarillo. Long interested in making music, Fowler began piano lessons as a young child. When he was twenty, he realized that he wanted to seriously pursue a career in music and moved to Los Angeles, California, to attend the Guitar Institute of Technology. For the next year, he learned how to play the guitar and began writing songs.

After gaining a good knowledge of the guitar, Fowler left Los Angeles for Austin, Texas. He was a guitarist with the rock band Dangerous Toys in the early 1990s, but left to form his own Southern hard-rock band, Thunderfoot. In 1998, he left rock music all together to form a new band that would concentrate instead on Texas country music. Fowler and his new band earned themselves a weekly gig at Babe's on Sixth Street in Austin. Two years later, with no recording contracts, Fowler recorded and released his own debut album, Beer, Bait & Ammo. This album sold over 30,000 copies in Texas, with the title track receiving a great deal of airplay. This song was popular enough that Mark Chesnutt began playing it in his live show, and Sammy Kershaw recorded it for one of his own albums.

Career
Fowler signed with country singer Clint Black's independent Equity Music (a label distributed by Koch Entertainment) and released two additional albums for that label until Equity ceased operations in December 2008. Montgomery Gentry recorded a cover of Fowler's "Long Line of Losers."

In January 2010, Fowler signed to Lyric Street Records, releasing "Beer Season" that same month. His second single, "Pound Sign (#?*!)," followed in April. That same month, Lyric Street Records announced its closure, and Fowler was one of four artists to be transferred to parent company Disney Music Group. In May 2010, "Pound Sign" became Fowler's first Top 40 hit on the country music charts, peaking at No. 34.

Fowler also collaborated with country rap artist Colt Ford on the song Hip Hop in a Honky Tonk, on Ford's 2010 song Chicken & Biscuits, in which he sings vocals on the song's chorus. In 2011, Fowler signed to Ford's label, Average Joe's Entertainment. In early 2011, Fowler released the single "Girl in a Truck," which hit number 1 on the Texas Music Chart released February 21, 2011. The song was released regionally to radio stations in the Texas and Oklahoma areas. Fowler's sixth album, Chippin' Away, was released via Average Joe's Entertainment in 2011.

Fowler's single, "Here's To Me and You," peaked at No. 1 on the Texas Music Chart and held that position for 3 weeks in a row. The official music video for "Here's To Me and You" premiered on CMT.com on September 19, 2012. On November 21, Fowler released a limited-time only free download of a brand new, unreleased song, "Santa Got Busted By The Border Patrol."

On September 24, 2013, Fowler released a new single, "How Country Are Ya?" The single is the title track of Fowler's seventh studio album. On January 21, 2014, Fowler released a new single, "Love Song," from the album. The album, How Country Are Ya?, was released on March 4, 2014. "Before Somebody Gets Hurt" (feat. Amy Rankin of The Rankin Twins), Fowler's fourth single off of the "How Country Are Ya?" album, hit No. 1 on the Texas Music Charts on June 8, 2015.

During 2013 and 2014, Fowler starred in television commercials for Benny Boyd Auto Group, Rodeo Austin and the Texas Department of Transportation. Fowler previewed music from an upcoming record in March 2016. From the preview, he released his new single "Sellout Song" feat. Zane Williams in April 2016. On Friday, October 21, 2016, Kevin Fowler released Coming to a Honky Tonk Near You, an eight-song album featuring "Texas Forever." In 2017, Fowler was featured in a television commercial for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Fowler was promoting the "Take Care of Texas" campaign regarding state parks and environmental education.

Discography

 * Beer, Bait & Ammo (2000)
 * High on the Hog (2002)
 * Live at Billy Bob's Texas (2002)
 * Loose, Loud & Crazy (2004)
 * Bring It On (2007)
 * Chippin' Away (2011)
 * How Country Are Ya? (2014)
 * Coming to a Honky Tonk Near You (2016)
 * Barstool Stories (2019)
 * Dos Borrachos w/ Roger Creager (2019)

title: Kevin Fowler


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User:Lars Trebing

de:Benutzer:Lars Trebing fr:Utilisateur:Lars Trebing

title: User:Lars Trebing


text:
North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

The North Eastern Province was one of the provinces of Sri Lanka. The province was created in September 1988 by merging the Northern and Eastern provinces. This merger was declared illegal by the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka in 2006. The province was formally demerged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007. The capital of the province was Trincomalee.

History
The Indo-Lanka Accord signed on 29 July 1987 required the Sri Lankan government to devolve powers to the provinces and, in the interim, to merge the Northern and Eastern provinces into one administrative unit. The accord required a referendum to be held by 31 December 1988 in the Eastern Province to decide whether the merger should be permanent. Crucially, the accord allowed the Sri Lankan president to postpone the referendum at his discretion

On 14 November 1987 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987, establishing provincial councils. Nine provincial councils were created by order on 3 February 1988. On 2 and 8 September 1988 President Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Northern and Eastern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected Council. The North Eastern Province was born.

The proclamations were only meant to be a temporary measure until a referendum was held in the Eastern Province on a permanent merger between the two provinces. However, the referendum was never held and successive Sri Lankan presidents have issued proclamations annually extending the life of the "temporary" entity.

The merger was bitterly opposed by Sinhalese nationalists. The combined North Eastern Province occupied one fourth of Sri Lanka. The thought of the Tamil people controlling this province, directly or indirectly, alarmed them greatly. On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the JVP filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka requesting a separate Provincial Council for the East. On 16 October 2006 the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect. The North Eastern Province was formally demerged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007.

Provincial Council
The 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987 established provincial councils. Nine provincial councils were created by order on 3 February 1988. The first elections for provincial councils took place on 28 April 1988 in North Central, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, and Uva provinces.

Elections in the newly merged North Eastern Province were scheduled for 19 November 1988. However, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF), which at that time occupied the province, rigged the elections in the north so that the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) and Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF), two Indian backed paramilitary groups, won all of the 36 seats in the north uncontested. However, elections did take place for the 35 seats in the east. The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress won 17 seats, EPRLF 12 seats, ENDLF 5 seats and the United National Party 1 seat. On 10 December 1988 Annamalai Varadaraja Perumal, a former lecturer at the Jaffna University Economics Department, of the EPRLF became the first Chief Minister of the North Eastern Provincial Council.

On 1 March 1990, just as the IPKF were preparing to withdraw from Sri Lanka, Perumal moved a motion in the North-East Provincial Council declaring an independent Eelam. President Premadasa reacted to Perumal's UDI by dissolving the provincial council and imposing direct rule on the province.

The province was ruled directly from Colombo until May 2008 when elections were held for the demerged Eastern Provincial Council. The first consecutive Northern Provincial Council elections took place in 2013, with ITAK securing a majority of votes. C. V. Vigneswaran was appointed as the 1st Chief Minister of Northern Province following the results.

Governors
The governors of the Sri Lankan provinces tend to be mostly retired politicians, judges and military officers. The North Eastern Province had six governors in its 18 years of existence:

title: North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka


text:
Talk:Romancing SaGa

Untitled
Note: the GameFAQs release data says that this game was released in the US in 1992, but I can find no other evidence of this, so I will exclude it from the article itself. Y0u (Y0ur talk page) (Y0ur contributions) 14:18, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

It was never released in the US. Gamefaqs is often wrong on those -- for instance, the other day I bought game that GF doesn't list as haveing a US release. Melodia Chaconne 15:01, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Heh. I've seen several of those.. Anyway, I am rather looking forward to the release of Romancing SaGa 3 in the US.. If they ever get around to it. The story was much easier to get into than RS1. RS1 just kinda throws you into the water and lets you see if you swim or not. I've heard(though I don't have any actual experience to support this) that RS-2 was the best in the series.--Vercalos 09:50, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Your English cast list is 100% wrong except for Patrick Seitz. How sad.

Expanding the 'Plot' - Backstory and Characters' Main Quest Summaries
In hoping to better expand this article for this awesome game (the PS2 remake, more specifically, as I have not played the original SNES version at all), I was thinking that one of the first steps I should do is expand the "plot" section. Including, for example, revising what is already typed in the article, as the plot that is currently typed here is just a direct copying of what was typed in the game's intruction manual, and not properly cited at all.

Also, planning to include short introductory descriptions for each of the main playable characters which will tell how/why they have been involved in the events of the game's conflicts (without giving spoilers). I know that there is already a separate article for the long list of characters who appear in the game, but I am thinking that at least the eight playable characters should be described on this main article.

Another idea being to change the heading "Plot" to instead read "Story".

I was advised that expanding this article would be more appropriate than creating a new article for the PS2 remake, so I will see what I can do for this. What I am hoping, possibly from any others here that might know better, that if anything I will add soon to this article is exclusive to the PS2 remake (either new story part or a new feature) that it be pointed out so we can get it fixed. - Tydrian 23:16, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Wonderswan
This Romancing SaGa game was not released for Wonderswan, SaGa 1 was released for Wonderswan: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Legend

Ultimania development information currently not in the article
The following sources should be translated and used to expand the current incomplete article:

 * Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song Ultimania
 * Scenario & Planner Team Interview
 * Battle Team Interview
 * Graphic Team Interview
 * Kenji Ito Interview

 * Ultimania Website
 * Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song Ultimania Staff Comments

Anyone willing to help translate even one page is welcome! Jonathan Hardin' (talk) 08:02, 8 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Updated the links. Jonathan Hardin' (talk) 19:46, 20 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Source for translations for some of the Ultimania content. --ProtoDrake (talk) 13:51, 10 November 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Romancing SaGa. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090621232858/http://www.gameinformer.com:80/NR/exeres/7AF8BEDE-465D-4D41-B65A-E032AC8701D6.htm to http://www.gameinformer.com/NR/exeres/7AF8BEDE-465D-4D41-B65A-E032AC8701D6.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080605182000/http://www.the-magicbox.com:80/game20060306.shtml to http://www.the-magicbox.com/game20060306.shtml

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:45, 10 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Romancing SaGa. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110927074018/http://na.square-enix.com/games/romancingsaga/ to http://na.square-enix.com/games/romancingsaga/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:48, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

Romancing SaGa: Minstrel Song should get its own page
Almost all of the major remakes have their own page, this includes Square Enix remakes like Final Fantasy VII Remake and Trials of Mana (2020 video game). Considering that the remake has enough information to get its own page and it will be getting a remaster this year just like Tactics Ogre: Let Us Cling Together (2010 video game), which is also a remake, we should make a separate entry for Minstrel Song too. I wanted to get a consensus before making any changes. Phillyphil99 (talk) 02:49, 11 August 2022 (UTC) If no one has any other objections, then I will go ahead with the move then. Phillyphil99 (talk) 20:01, 20 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Support - A remake that is significantly different from the original absolutely should get its own page since it is noteworthy enough to deserve it. WaraWaraPlaza (talk) 04:09, 12 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Support - If all the remakes have their own page then this should too. I'm okay with the move and it should go ahead if no one else disagrees. VortexLover (talk) 03:42, 15 August 2022 (UTC)

 * pinging (who objected to the split the first time) and  (from the above GA review)  Just ' i ' yaya  10:43, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Oppose, there isn't enough mechanical difference between the two, compared to VII Remake or Tactics Ogre PSP or Trials of Mana which each saw substantial mechanical/narrative/m&n changes. Just because a pre-existing remake's been ported to another system doesn't automatically qualify it for a split. Also, just a comment, but all three users who proposed/support this split came into existence around the same time and have very similar ways of writing their messages/page descriptions, so I'm skeptical of the supports above. --ProtoDrake (talk) 12:23, 21 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Notice: Phillyphil99, WaraWaraPlaza and VortexLover are CU confirmed sockpuppets of AquillaXIII, who has previously used sockpuppets to support their own split discussions. -- ferret (talk) 22:55, 21 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Speedy close per ferret. No non-sock user supports this, including myself. Axem Titanium (talk) 05:13, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Translation does not "require" original cartridge
The article cited only says that to cover the sites collective bums legally. Technologically, a downloaded ROM would work just as well 2601:40C:8300:8A10:4D9A:3CCF:90B5:1332 (talk) 22:12, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romancing SaGa


text:
Talk:Administrative divisions of Argentina

merge?

 * Don't merge (yet) - isn't there some worth in explaining the differences between partidos and departamentos and using this page to get some order to the divisions below the provinces? Mtiedemann 14:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't merge should become general overview. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 14:15, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

this is all wrong dnt trust this web site —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.68.34.67 (talk) 01:09, 22 March 2010 (UTC)


text:
Reclaim

Reclaim, reclaimed, reclaimer, reclaiming or reclamation means "to get something back".

It may refer to:

 * Land reclamation, creating new land from oceans, riverbeds, or lake beds
 * Dedesertification, reversing of the land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions
 * Mine reclamation, restoring land that has been mined to a usable state
 * Stream restoration, improving the environmental health of streams and rivers
 * Street reclamation, to increase non-car uses of streets

Materials

 * Reclaimed water, converting wastewater into water that can be used for other purposes
 * Mechanically separated meat, a paste-like meat product
 * Landfill mining, excavation and processing of materials from landfills
 * Materials recovery facility, a specialized plant that receives, separates and prepares recyclable materials
 * Refrigerant reclamation
 * Crumb rubber or reclaimed rubber, recycled rubber produced from automotive scrap tires
 * Reclaimed asphalt pavement, removed pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates
 * Full depth recycling, a process that rebuilds worn-out asphalt pavements by recycling the existing roadway
 * Sand reclamation, reclamation of stamp sand previously dumped in the water
 * Reclaimed lumber, reuse of processed wood primarily for decoration and home building
 * Ecohouse, made with reclaimed materials

Politics

 * Reclaimed word or reappropriation, a pejorative word or slur used as an affirmation with positive connotation
 * Individual reclamation, the theft of resources by the poor from the rich
 * Reclaiming Patriotism, in Australia
 * Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration
 * Reclaim Australia, a far-right political party
 * Reclaim the Streets, anti-car/pro-public-spaces movement
 * Reclaim the Dream commemorative march, in the US
 * Reclaim The Records, a movement to increase availability of public records in the US
 * "Reclaiming my time", a phrase used by Maxine Waters
 * Reclaiming Health and Safety For All, a report in the UK
 * Reclaim Party, a British political party founded by actor Laurence Fox in 2020

Law

 * Presidential power reclamation, covered by the twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 * Citizenship reclamation, part of the German Citizenship Project
 * United States Bureau of Reclamation, a federal agency which oversees water resource management
 * Newlands Reclamation Act, a 1902 United States federal law that funded irrigation projects
 * Reclamation fund, a special fund established by the 1902 law
 * Reclamation district, special-purpose districts which are responsible for reclaiming and maintaining threatened land
 * Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, a 1977 law in the US
 * Three Kids Mine Remediation and Reclamation Act, a 2013 law in the US
 * RECLAIM Act, a proposed 2017 mining reclamation law in the US
 * Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (RECLAIM), an emissions trading program in California

Religion

 * Center for Reclaiming America for Christ
 * Reclaiming (Neopaganism), a Pagan earth-based spirituality movement

As a synonym for rehabilitation

 * Reclaiming Futures, a non-profit in the US
 * Reclamation of fallen women, by the Church penitentiary in the UK
 * Rehabilitation (penology), re-integration into society of a convicted person

As a synonym for sewage treatment

 * Clark County Water Reclamation District, Clark County, Nevada, US
 * Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Illinois, US
 * Riverside Park Water Reclamation Facility, Spokane, Washington, US
 * Thomas P. Smith Water Reclamation Facility, Tallahassee, Florida, US
 * Tillman Water Reclamation Plant, Los Angeles, California, US

Music

 * Reclaim (album), 2003 album by Keep of Kalessin
 * Reclaim Australia (album), 2016 album by A.B. Original
 * Reclamation (Bigwig album), 2006
 * Reclamation (Candlelight Red album), 2013
 * Reclamation (Front Line Assembly album), 1997
 * Reclaimed (radio show) in Canada

Technology

 * Samsung Reclaim, an eco-friendly feature phone with a sliding keyboard
 * Reclaimer, a machine used to handle bulk materials
 * Baggage reclaim in airports, see also Baggage carousel
 * HMS Reclaim
 * USS Reclaimer (ARS-42), a 1945 salvage ship
 * Reclaim helmet, a type of diving helmet

Other uses

 * Reclaim (film), a 2014 thriller film starring John Cusack and Ryan Phillippe
 * Reclaimed (TV series), a 2020 Discovery Channel USA reality television program about mining, hunting, backcountry camping/cottages, and land claims
 * Reclaimed factories, a form of workers' self-management in socialism
 * Reclaimed Space, an American company

title: Reclaim


text:
Sense (disambiguation)

A sense in biology and psychology, is a physiological mechanism that supports perception.

Sense also may refer to:

Music

 * Sense (band), a synthpop trio featuring Paul K. Joyce
 * Sense (FURT album), 2009
 * Sense (In the Nursery album), 1991
 * Sense (Mr. Children album), 2010
 * Sense (The Lightning Seeds album), 1992
 * "Sense" (song), 2021 song by Band-Maid
 * "Sense", 2001 song by Joe Morris from Singularity
 * "Sense", 2018 song by Last Dinosaurs from Yumeno Garden
 * "Sense", 1992 song by The Lightning Seeds from Sense
 * "Sense", 1994 song by Terry Hall from Home
 * "Sense", 2013 song by Tom Odell from Long Way Down
 * "Senses", 1981 song by New Order from Movement
 * "Senses", 1970 song by Willie Nelson from Laying My Burdens Down
 * "The Sense", 2002 song by Hot Water Music from Caution
 * "Sense", 2015 song by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard from the album Paper Mâché Dream Balloon

Other

 * Sense (electronics), a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load
 * Sense (molecular biology), the roles of nucleic-acid molecules in specifying amino acids
 * Sense (programming), an educational programming environment
 * Sense (river), a tributary of the River Saane in Switzerland
 * Sense, The National Deafblind and Rubella Association, a charitable organization based in the United Kingdom.
 * Sense Worldwide, a London-based co-creation consulting company
 * HTC Sense, a mobile software suite developed by HTC
 * Senses (tribe), a Dacian tribe
 * Sense: A Cyberpunk Ghost Story, a video game

title: Sense (disambiguation)


text:
Template:Cambridge-University-college-students-category

People who attended, Cambridge, a college of the University of Cambridge, as students.


text:
Talk:Lynn Chircop

Untitled
This is a lot of gushing from a fan. To be an encyclopedia article, it would have to be rewritten in a neutral POV. Corto 14:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

This was mostly a copyvio from http://www.doteurovision.com/2003/songs/malta.htm, which has now spread elsewhere on the internet thanks to various mirrors. I just chopped everything out and made it a stub. Adam Bishop 05:30, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lynn Chircop


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ostriching

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:36, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Ostriching
This term is used in business it is defined as "placing ones head in the sand and hoping everything changes" "A type of inaction, slang"

 * Delete -Looks like a dicdef - for a made up word - neologismA curate's egg 14:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep - but enhance. Google has 508 listings for this word. Eclipsed 15:06, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I'm familiar with this term (or thought so, at least). I was planning to vote keep or transwiki, as I thought it was a fairly common or easily understood term, but then I read the article, which says that it means to hide one's face in fear. The definition I'm familiar is to irrationally ignore a problem out of fear and often indicates a lack of judgment. It stems from the popular misconeption that an ostrich, when frightened, will bury its head in the sand and ignore the problem, rather than dealing with it or taking a wiser course of action, such as running. So I'm going to "ostrich" right now and withhold a vote. --Pagrashtak 15:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete With the exception of the dicdef in the first line, contains the exact same text as the behaviour section of Ostrich. Fernando Rizo T/C 17:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I've never heard this as a verb. Deb 18:38, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary as the verb form of "Ostrich". Second preference, delete.  Robert A West 20:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. JamesBurns 09:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef CDC   (talk)  16:26, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Rizo.--Pharos 05:14, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hugo Myatt

Hugo Myatt (born 13 September 1945) is a British actor, presenter and theatre director, best known for his role as the dungeon master Treguard in the children's game show Knightmare.

Knightmare
Myatt played the role of Treguard of Dunshelm, the dungeon master and presenter of the Children's ITV game series Knightmare throughout all eight series, between 1987 and 1994.

Myatt met Tim Child, the creator of Knightmare, while Child was working as line producer on Anglia Television's regional news programme About Anglia with his wife, presenter Christine Webber. Child believed that Myatt was ideal for a dungeon master role, and arranged to make a pilot, Dungeon Doom. A few months after the first pilot a second pilot was made, which was renamed Knightmare. The second pilot was successful and a series was commissioned. Myatt's Treguard became the only character to appear throughout all 113 episodes that were made over Knightmare's eight series. Myatt ad-libbed some dialogue, with "Ooh, nasty!" becoming a series catchphrase.

In February 2004, Myatt reprised his role of Treguard for the first time in 10 years with a single appearance in the television series Dick and Dom in da Bungalow. Myatt remained locked in a cage for the entire production, and did not speak during the episode, except for a single line, "Ooh, nasty!", at the end. A few months later he returned to the role of Treguard once more with an appearance in the pilot episode of VR, an intended update of the original Knightmare television series. On this occasion Treguard's role was reduced, he was no longer the presenter of the show, and was present only as a disembodied avatar of Myatt that assisted the dungeoneer with snippets of advice. In 2013, he played Treguard again in a 2013 YouTube exclusive episode.

Other roles
Myatt continued to appear in a variety of roles in television, movies, audio productions, computer games and pantomime. In 1996 he played the character of Stephanos in the Ancient Greece unit of the BBC Schools series Zig Zag, and in February 2000 he played "The Count" in an episode of the BBC television series ChuckleVision entitled "Out for the Count". He also provided several voices for the English version of the Dutch children's animated series Alfred J. Kwak.

Outside children's television, Myatt has produced numerous computer security training videos, and has appeared in a crime reconstruction on Crimewatch. In 2005, he appeared as Leon Bank in Snuff-Movie, and he also played the role of Bob Snatcher in the short film Snatching Time. In 2007 Myatt played the role of Mr Aston in The House on Straw Hill (also known as Rogue), and in 2010 he played the role of a vicar in Dead Cert. In 2016 Myatt appeared as the character "Dr Wilder" in "Bewilder Box" a live action, immersive escape room located in the seaside resort of Brighton.

Myatt has provided voices for a number of computer games including Black and White, Magic Carpet 2: The Netherworlds, and the original Fable where he provided the voice of the guild master Weaver. He has also performed roles for the Doctor Who audio dramas Omega, Weapon of Choice, A Blind Eye and Panacea (part of the Gallifrey audio series), and has also provided voice acting for the Sapphire & Steel audio drama The Passenger. He has more recently lent his voice to the Evil Scarecrow album Galactic Hunt in the song "Enter the Knightmare", which has lyrics based on Knightmare, and voiced General Khazimov in the mobile running game Zombies, Run!

title: Hugo Myatt


text: Talk:Eating

title: Talk:Eating


text:
Lucigenin

Lucigenin is an aromatic compound used in areas which include chemiluminescence. Its chemical name is bis-N-methylacridinium nitrate. It exhibits a bluish-green fluorescence.

It is used as a probe for superoxide anion in biology, for its chemiluminescent properties.

Synthesis
It may be prepared from acridone.

There's also a route from toluene:

title: Lucigenin


text:
Ivory Tower (1956 song)

"Ivory Tower" is a popular song written by Jack Fulton and Lois Steele. Popular versions by Cathy Carr and Gale Storm, and a rhythm & blues version by Otis Williams all received major popularity in 1956.

Recorded versions

 * Cathy Carr (1956) went to number 2 on the Top 100. Overseas, her version achieved number 2 on the Australian chart.
 * Hank Locklin
 * Gale Storm (1956) went to number 6 on the Billboard pop charts
 * Porter Wagoner
 * Otis Williams and the Charms (1956) reached number 5 on Billboard's R&B chart and number 11 on the pop chart.
 * Connie Francis
 * Compare a song recorded by Eileen Rodgers in 1956 called "Unwanted Heart", written by Ray Conniff, and released on 4 June, as Columbia catalogue 40708, which is uncannily similar.

title: Ivory Tower (1956 song)


text:
Ben Ledi

Ben Ledi (Beinn Leitir in Scottish Gaelic) is a mountain in Stirling, Scotland. It is 879 m high, and is therefore classified as a Corbett. It lies about 6 km northwest of Callander, near the village of Kilmahog. It is situated in the Trossachs, an area often regarded as having some of the most romantic scenery in the Highlands.

History
Ben Ledi is particularly well known through Walter Scott's poem Lady of the Lake. Supposedly in ancient times, Beltane rites were observed on the summit. There are what is thought to be possible references to these Beltane rights in some of the Gaelic names on the mountain: Creag Ghorn; "Rock of Embers" and Creag Loisgte; "Burned Rock". In 1791 the Rev Doctor James Robertson, being minister of the parish at the time, was required to write a description of the parish for the First Statistical Account of Scotland. In his report he mistakenly (due to the similarity to le dia) took the name Ben Ledi to mean "hill of god" which suited the purposes of the kirk of the day. The name is in fact a corruption of Beinn Leitir which translates to "the Hill of the Slope", which is a very suitable description of the long south shoulder used to access the summit. A cairn was built on the top in 1887 to commemorate Queen Victoria's jubilee.

A small lochan, Lochan nan Corp, lies at 655 m above sea level about 1.5 km to the north of the summit. The name means "the little loch of the dead", and was thought to be named for an accident to a funeral party at which 200 lives were lost. In truth the lochan is on the old coffin road from Glen Finlas to St Bride's chapel close to Loch Lubnaig. The pass is therefore named Bealach nan Corp – the Pass of the Dead – and the lochan is named after the pass.

Access routes
The eastern slopes of Ben Ledi are owned by Forestry and Land Scotland, and form part of the Queen Elizabeth Forest Park. A constructed path leads from a car park on the A84 road just south of Loch Lubnaig to a fence at about 270 m above sea level, where a rough track continues to the summit via the south shoulder, a distance of just over 3 km. An alternative route following Stank Glen leaves the shores of Loch Lubnaig about 1.5 km north of the start of the main route, reaching the summit ridge near Lochan nan Corp. The two routes may be combined to give a circular walk of about 9 km.

A short distance down to the south-east of the summit trig point, an iron cross commemorates Sergeant Harry Lawrie of the Killin Scottish Mountain Rescue team, who died on 1 February 1987 during a rescue operation on Ben More near Crianlarich when the helicopter crashed.

In addition to hiking the Ben is occasionally used as a take-off point for paragliding.

The Ben Ledi ridge continues north, dropping down to about 600 m before climbing again to the summit of Benvane, a Corbett not to be confused with Ben Vane, a Munro on the west side of Loch Lomond.

title: Ben Ledi


text:
Ivory tower

An ivory tower is a state of privileged seclusion from the practicalities of real life. An ivory tower can be a place where people choose to disconnect from the rest of the world to follow of their own interests, usually mental or esoteric ones. From the 19th century, it has been used to designate an environment of intellectual pursuit disconnected from the practical concerns of everyday life. Most contemporary uses of the term refer to academia or the college and university systems in many countries.

The term originated from the Biblical Song of Songs with a different meaning and was later used as an epithet for Mary.

Biblical usage
In the Christian tradition, the term ivory tower is used as a symbol for noble purity. It originates with the Song of Songs 7:4 ("Your neck is like an ivory tower", מגדל השן; in the Hebrew Masoretic text, it is found in 7:5) and was included in the epithets for Mary in the sixteenth-century Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary ("tower of ivory", turris eburnea in Latin), though the title and image were in use long before that, since the 12th-century Marian revival at least. It occasionally appears in art, especially in depictions of Mary in the hortus conclusus. Although the term is rarely used in the religious sense in modern times, it is credited with inspiring the modern meaning.

Modern usage

The first modern usage of "ivory tower" in the familiar sense of an unworldly dreamer can be found in a poem of 1837, "Pensées d'Août, à M. Villemain", by Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, a French literary critic and author, who used the term "tour d'ivoire" for the poetical attitude of Alfred de Vigny as contrasted with the more socially engaged Victor Hugo: "Et Vigny, plus secret, Comme en sa tour d'ivoire, avant midi rentrait". [And Vigny, the more secretive, like he was in his ivory tower, returning before midday.] This poetic use of "tour d'ivoire" may have been an allusion to the rook (or castle) in chess, which is another meaning of the French word tour. Chess pieces were often made of ivory. The name Rook is derived from the Persian rukh ("chariot"), maybe influenced by the Italian rocca ("fortress"). In early versions of chess, this piece was imagined as conveying and shielding a powerful warrior.

Henry James's last novel, The Ivory Tower, was begun in 1914 and left unfinished at his death two years later. Paralleling James' own dismaying experience of the United States after twenty years away, it chronicles the effect on a high-minded returning upper-class American of the vulgar emptiness of the Gilded Age. "You seem all here so hideously rich", says his hero. Thus, there are two meanings mixed together: mockery of an absent-minded savant and admiration of someone who is able to devote his or her entire efforts to a noble cause (hence "ivory", a noble but impractical building material). The term has a rather negative flavor today, the implication being that specialists who are so deeply drawn into their fields of study often can't find a lingua franca with laymen outside their "ivory towers".

In Andrew Hodges' biography of the University of Cambridge scientist Alan Turing, he discusses Turing's 1936–38 stay at Princeton University and writes that "[t]he tower of the Graduate College was an exact replica of Magdalen College, and it was popularly called the Ivory Tower, because of that benefactor of Princeton, the Procter who manufactured Ivory soap." William Cooper Procter (Princeton class of 1883) was a significant supporter of the construction of the Graduate College, and the main dining hall bears the Procter name. The skylines of Oxford and Cambridge universities, along with many Ivy League universities, are dotted with turrets and spires which are often described as 'Ivory Towers'.

In Randall Jarrell's essay "The End of the Line" (1942), Jarrell asserts that if modern poetry is to survive then poets must come down from the "Ivory Tower" of elitist composition. Jarrell's main thrust is that the rich poetry of the modernist period was over-dependent upon reference to other literary works. For Jarrell the Ivory Tower led modern poetry into obscurity.

Writers for Philadelphia's other newspapers sarcastically referred to the former headquarters of the establishment Philadelphia Inquirer, a white art deco tower called the Elverson Building, as the "Ivory Tower of Truth."

Academic usage
The ivory tower is most often connected with the careers and lifestyles of academics in university and college systems. They have often garnered reputations as elite institutions by joining or creating associations with other universities. In many countries, these institutions aligned themselves with a specific mission or athletic ties. Some have criticized the elitism associated with these groups.

In certain instances, these ivory-tower universities have received a disproportionate amount of regional and national funding. They also produce a higher proportion of a country's publications and citations. They tend to be overrepresented in top university rankings, such as Academic Ranking of World Universities, QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking.

title: Ivory tower


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User talk:Mystique

Can't imagine how we forgot to give you the welcome message but better late than never:

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 14:28, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
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WikiProject Wiki Syntax
hey, I saw all those edits you did on fixing square brackets back in May (I'm going through a couple of them atm), that was a power effort - good work! Remy B 07:54, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Mystique


text:
Peter Pau

Peter Pau Tak-Hei (, born 1952) is a Hong Kong cinematographer and film director, best known to western audiences as for his work on Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography in 2000. One of Hong Kong's premier cinematographers, he has collaborated with directors John Woo, Ronny Yu, Ang Lee, Tsui Hark, and Wong Kar-wai.

Pau is a member of the Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers. The asteroid 34420 Peterpau was named in his honour in early 2006. His older sister is Hong Kong Film Awards best actress winner Paw Hee-Ching.

Filmography
Director
 * Jue shi jia dao (1985)
 * Misty (1992)
 * The Touch (2002) (Also story writer)
 * Zhong Kui: Snow Girl and the Dark Crystal (2015)

Actor

Cinematographer

title: Peter Pau


text:
Bioprocess

A bioprocess is a specific process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g., bacteria, enzymes, chloroplasts) to obtain desired products.

Transport of energy and mass is fundamental to many biological and environmental processes. Areas, from food processing (including brewing beer ) to thermal design of buildings to biomedical devices, manufacture of monoclonal antibodies to pollution control and global warming, require knowledge of how energy and mass can be transported through materials (momentum, heat transfer, etc.).

Cell bioprocessing
Cell therapy bioprocessing is a discipline that bridges the fields of cell therapy and bioprocessing (i.e., biopharmaceutical manufacturing), and is a sub-field of bioprocess engineering. The goals of cell therapy bioprocessing are to establish reproducible and robust manufacturing processes for the production of therapeutic cells. Commercially relevant bioprocesses will:

 * 1) Produce products that maintain all of the quality standards of biopharmaceutical drugs
 * 2) Supply both clinical and commercial quantities of therapeutic cells throughout the various stages of development.  The processes and production technologies must be scalable, and
 * 3) Control the cost of goods (CoGs) of the final drug product.  This aspect is critical to building the foundation for a commercially viable industry.

Upstream bioprocessing
Therapeutic cell manufacturing processes can be separated into upstream processes and downstream processes. The upstream process is defined as the entire process from early cell isolation and cultivation, to cell banking and culture expansion of the cells until final harvest (termination of the culture and collection of the live cell batch).

Aside from technology challenges, concerning the scalability of culture apparatus, a number of raw material supply risks have emerged in recent years, including the availability of GMP grade fetal bovine serum.

The upstream part of a bioprocess refers to the first step in which microbes/cells are grown, e.g. bacterial or mammalian cell lines (see cell culture), in bioreactors. Upstream processing involves all the steps related to inoculum development, media development, improvement of inoculum by genetic engineering process, optimization of growth kinetics so that product development can improve tremendously. Fermentation has two parts: upstream and downstream. After product development, the next step is the purification of product for desired quality. When they reach the desired density (for batch and fed-batch cultures) they are harvested and moved to the downstream section of the bioprocess.

Downstream bioprocessing

The downstream part of a bioprocess refers to the part where the cell mass from the upstream are processed to meet purity and quality requirements. Downstream processing is usually divided into three main sections: cell disruption, a purification section and a polishing section. The volatile products can be separated by distillation of the harvested culture without pre-treatment. Distillation is done at reduced pressure at continuous stills. At reduced pressure, distillation of product directly from fermentor may be possible. The steps of downstream processing are:
 * 1) Separation of biomass: separating the biomass (microbial cells) generally carried out by centrifugation or ultra-centrifugation. If the product is biomass, then it is recovered for processing and spent medium is discarded. If the product is extra cellular the biomass will be discarded. Ultra filtration is an alternative to the centrifugation.
 * 2) Cell disruption: If the desired product is intra cellular the cell biomass can be disrupted so that the product should be released. The solid-liquid is separated by centrifugation or filtration and cell debris is discarded.
 * 3) Concentration of broth: The spent medium is concentrated if the product is extracellular.
 * 4) Initial purification of metabolites: According to the physico-chemical nature of the product molecule several methods for recovery of product from the clarified fermented broth were used (precipitation, etc.)
 * 5) De-watering: If low amount of product is found in very large volume of spent medium, the volume is reduced by removing water to concentrate the product. It is done by vacuum drying or reverse osmosis.
 * 6) Polishing of metabolites: this is the final step of making the product 98 to 100% pure. The purified product is mixed with several inert ingredients called excipients. The formulated product is packed and sent to the market for the consumers.

title: Bioprocess


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Candlewicking

Candlewicking, or candlewick is a form of whitework embroidery that traditionally uses an unbleached cotton thread on a piece of unbleached muslin. It gets its name from the nature of the soft spun cotton thread, which was braided then used to form the wick for candles. Motifs are created using a variety of traditional embroidery stitches as well as a tufted stitch. Subject matter is usually taken from nature—flowers, insects, pine trees, and so on, Other traditional motifs resemble Pennsylvania Dutch or Colonial American designs. Modern designs include colored floss embroidery with the traditional white on white stitching.

Loom-woven or machine-made candlewicks of the early 19th century are white bedcovers with designs created during the weaving process by raising loops over a small twig or tool.

Contemporary candlewicking is most commonly used as a cushion cover.

title: Candlewicking


text:
David Wallace (physicist)

Sir David James Wallace, CBE, FRS, FRSE, FREng (born 7 October 1945) is a British physicist and academic. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Loughborough University from 1994 to 2005, and the Master of Churchill College, Cambridge from 2006 to 2014.

Early life and education
Wallace was born on 7 October 1945. He was educated at Hawick High School in Hawick, Borders, Scotland and went to the University of Edinburgh where he earned a degree in Mathematical Physics and a PhD in Elementary particle theory, under the supervision of Peter Higgs.

Career
After postdoctoral research work as a Harkness Fellow at Princeton University, Wallace became a physics lecturer at the University of Southampton in 1972.

In 1979 he became the fourth Tait Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Edinburgh, succeeding Nicholas Kemmer. He won the James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize in 1980. He became Director of the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre (EPCC) and in 1996 he was appointed a CBE for his computing work.

Wallace is currently Vice-President for Physical Sciences of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, of which he was made a Fellow of in 1982. He was formerly Vice-President and Treasurer of the Royal Society and Chair of the Council for the Mathematical Sciences. From 1994 to January 2006 he was the Vice-Chancellor of Loughborough University. From 2006 to 2011 he was the Director of the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge. Wallace has also been President of the Institute of Physics and Deputy Lieutenant of Leicestershire. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1998, and was a commissioner of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 from 2001-2011.

In 2014, the Department of Mathematical Sciences at Loughborough University launched a series of public lectures honouring Wallace. The Sir David Wallace lectures are hosted by the University. Speakers have included Cédric Villani and Michael Berry (physicist).

Personal
He has a wife, Elizabeth and a daughter, Sara.

title: David Wallace (physicist)


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Social partners

Social partners are groups that cooperate in working relationships to achieve a mutually agreed-upon goal, typically for the beneft of all involved groups. Examples of social partners include employers, employees, trade unions, and governments.

Origin
The concept of social partners arose in Europe in part from the disorder following the Industrial Revolution. Article 152 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) states:

"The Union recognizes and promotes the role of the social partners at its level, taking into account the diversity of national systems. It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy."

This article forms part of the Primary Law of the European Union (EU).

Role of social partners
Social partners have a vital role to play in reaching out to workers and owners of enterprises and in particular those of SMEs and the informal economy, and in general, increasing the representation of their membership to ensure deeper and broader benefits of association, representation and leadership, including in the field of public policy advocacy, its formulation and implementation.

Process
With the approaching of globalization, companies must bear more pressure from the competition between countries.

At the same time, new technology had replaced traditional industries causing structural unemployment.

The relationship between employee and employer becomes more complicated as the atypical employment turns into mainstream in the employment market. Because of these circumstances, the relationship between labor and employer has become more like partners. And this new idea of social partners had taken shape through the International Labor Organization (ILO1) and Europe social partnership system.

But there are quite few research and example about social partners in the US，the reason is that noun ”social partner” come up after WW2, that made European understand the importance of peace in every way, this new concept helped Europe rebuild the economy after the damage of war.

There is an inextricable connection between social partners and social dialogue, but what makes good social dialogue?
 * 1) Powerful and independent organization of labor and employer
 * 2) Both employee and employer have the willingness to talk equally
 * 3) Respect the freedom of association and the collective bargaining
 * 4) Appropriate institutional support

Influence
The Treaty of Lisbon (Article 152 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU) recognises the role of the social partners in labour relations and European social dialogue. They represent their members during consultations with the commission and the negotiation of collective agreements. They also sit with the European Economic and Social Committee, alongside other organisations representing civil society. The social partners play a key role in implementing the objectives of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs, by launching projects and initiatives at European and national level.

European social partners have had a considerable influence on the preparation of the following Commission proposals:
 * Revamping the rules to protect EU workers from harmful electromagnetic fields;
 * The new framework Directive on the establishment of the European Works Councils;
 * The Directive implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave;
 * The recommendation on a smoke-free environment

Poland
The role of governments and social partners in keeping older workers in the labour market. In view of Poland's ranking as lowest in the EU professional activity indicators for people aged 45+, the government and social partners see the need for actions boosting occupational development of this group. Poland has a universal plan called ‘Generations’ Solidarity: Actions for Increasing Occupational Activity of People Aged 50+’, developed within the social dialogue institutions. So far it has been implemented through legislation, most importantly with regard to the pension system, and specifically raising and equalising the statutory retirement age for men and women and restricting access to early retirement schemes. Very few actions revolve around improving the quality of work of older workers.

Korea
Labor Foundation, which was founded in April 2007 under the tripartite consensus on the importance of social partners' autonomous contribution to a more stable and advanced labor relations, is the one and only public institution that is engaged in the programs and activities to promote the labor relations in Korea. The programs and activities of the Foundation, which are all designed to help and guide social partners to work together with responsibility and for their common benefits, include: financial assistance for social partnership education and joint programs; workplace innovation consulting to increase competitiveness at workplace; employment generation, by creating selective worktime jobs, improving the long work practice and promoting flexible work schemes; outplacement services for retirees in their 40s or older; counseling and education to prevent and remedy unreasonable discrimination in employment; and international exchanges in the field of labor relations.

title: Social partners


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David Jackson (actor)

David Jackson (15 July 1934 – 25 July 2005) was an English actor best known for his role as Olag Gan in the first two seasons of Blake's 7 and as Detective Constable Braithwaite in Z-Cars from 1972 to 1978. He was born in Liverpool, Lancashire (now Merseyside).

His other TV credits include The Saint, The Avengers, The Sweeney, Lord Peter Wimsey (The Nine Tailors), Space: 1999, Only Fools and Horses, Wyatt's Watchdogs, Edge of Darkness, Coronation Street and Lovejoy.

Jackson made two appearances in Minder. His first appearance was in 1979 as Big Stan in the episode The Smaller They Are. This was followed by a further appearance in 1985, in the episode Give Us This Day Arthur Daley's Bread, in which he played an ex-con named Marion.

His film credits include roles in 10 Rillington Place (1971), Unman, Wittering and Zigo (1971), Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971), Night Watch (1973), The Big Sleep (1978) and the cult horror film Killer's Moon (1978).

In 2002, he provided his voice talent to the audio drama Sarah Jane Smith: Comeback, part of the Doctor Who audio spin-offs by Big Finish Productions. Jackson was a science-fiction fan throughout his career and was happy to be associated with Blake's 7 years after the series ended.

In 1988 he played the Vicar alongside Brian Wilde in six episodes of the BBC1 sitcom Wyatt's Watchdogs. His great passion was for Victorian theatre and at one stage he produced and starred in a one-man show. Other theatre appearances included roles at the Old Vic, the Royal Court, the RSC and in the West End.

David Jackson died of a heart attack on 25 July 2005, aged 71.

Filmography

 * 10 Rillington Place (1971) - Police: Constable
 * Unman, Wittering and Zigo (1971) - Clackworth
 * Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971) - Young Male Nurse
 * Night Watch (1973) - Wilson
 * Killer's Moon (1978) - Mr Trubshaw
 * The Big Sleep (1978) - Inspector Willis (uncredited)
 * Danger on Dartmoor (1980)
 * Breakout (1984) - Donny the Bull

title: David Jackson (actor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Scientific Letter

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. – ABCD✉ 23:36, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Scientific Letter
The article is somewhat promotional, not well written, doesn't seem notable, and doesn't say anything more than (i.e. is apparently copied directly from) the product's linked-to home page. Steve Summit 14:30, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * delete advertising and also currently copyvio. The title looks like it ought to be something else anyway, like a form letter. Mmmbeer 15:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad, very misleading title. Pavel Vozenilek 17:40, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advert. Robert A West 20:52, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
UTC+01:00

 UTC +01:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +01:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2019-02-07T23:28:34+01:00. This time is used in:
 * Central European Time
 * West Africa Time
 * Western European Summer Time
 * British Summer Time
 * Irish Standard Time

Central European Time (Northern Hemisphere winter)
Principal cities: Berlin, Budapest, Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Dortmund, Essen, Bremen, Hanover, Mainz, Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Florence, Palermo, Turin, Genoa, Vatican City, San Marino, Paris, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lyon, Lille, Montpellier, Toulouse, Strasbourg, Nice, Monaco, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Málaga, Bilbao, A Coruña, Granada, Andorra, Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Zürich, Geneva, Bern, Bellinzona, Lausanne, Lucerne, St. Gallen, Brussels, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Luxembourg, Valletta, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo, Warsaw, Prague, Zagreb, Tirana, Sarajevo, Pristina, Podgorica, Skopje, Belgrade, Bratislava, Ljubljana, Vaduz, Schaan, Serravalle, Dogana, Monte Carlo, Monaco-Ville, Monaco, Westside, St. Paul's Bay, Malmö.

Central Europe

 * Albania
 * Andorra
 * Austria
 * Belgium
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Croatia
 * Czech Republic
 * Denmark
 * France (Metropolitan)
 * Germany
 * Hungary
 * Italy
 * Kosovo
 * Liechtenstein
 * Luxembourg
 * Malta
 * Monaco
 * Montenegro
 * Netherlands
 * North Macedonia
 * Norway
 * Svalbard (including Bear Island)
 * Jan Mayen
 * Poland
 * San Marino
 * Serbia
 * Slovakia
 * Slovenia
 * Spain (Continental territory including Balearic Islands, Ceuta and Melilla, and excluding Canary Islands)
 * Sweden
 * Gotland
 * Switzerland
 * United Kingdom
 * Gibraltar
 * Vatican City

Antarctica

 * Norway
 * Bouvet Island
 * Queen Maud Land

Western European Summer Time (Northern Hemisphere summer)
Principal cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Bristol, Belfast, Glasgow, Cardiff, Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Tórshavn

Western Europe

 * Denmark
 * Faroe Islands
 * Ireland
 * Portugal (Including Madeira and excluding Azores islands)
 * United Kingdom (Great Britain) – (GMT / BST) (Including Guernsey, Isle of Man and Jersey)
 * England
 * Scotland
 * Northern Isles
 * Orkney
 * Shetland
 * Western Isles
 * Northern Ireland
 * Wales
 * Anglesey
 * Channel Islands (Crown Dependencies)
 * Alderney
 * Sark
 * Herm
 * Isle of Wight
 * Normandy
 * Some small islands Channel Islands or Crown Dependencies
 * Brecqhou
 * Jethou
 * Lihou
 * Écréhous
 * Minquiers
 * Les Dirouilles
 * Pierres de Lecq
 * Casquets
 * Renonquet
 * Caquorobert
 * Crevichon
 * Grande Amfroque
 * Les Houmets

Atlantic Ocean

 * Portugal
 * Madeira
 * Spain
 * Canary Islands GMT±0

As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Lagos, Abuja, Kinshasa, Algiers, Tunis, Rabat, Casablanca, Tangier, Marrakesh, Yaoundé, Fez, Douala, Malabo, Bata, Libreville, Niamey, Tangier, N'Djamena, Bangui, Porto-Novo, Cotonou, Luanda, Laayoune

West Africa

 * Algeria
 * Angola
 * Benin
 * Cameroon
 * Central African Republic
 * Chad
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo:
 * The provinces of Bandundu, Équateur, Kinshasa, Kongo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi and Tshuapa
 * Republic of the Congo
 * Equatorial Guinea
 * Gabon
 * Morocco
 * Niger
 * Nigeria
 * Tunisia

Areas in UTC+01:00 longitudes using UTC+02:00
From south to north:
 * South Africa
 * The westernmost part, including Cape Town
 * Botswana
 * The western part of the districts:
 * Kgalagadi
 * Ghanzi
 * Ngamiland
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * The very westernmost part of Lualaba Province, Kasaï-Central and Sankuru
 * Libya
 * The most part in the country, including nation's capital Tripoli
 * Greece (standard time)
 * The western part, including Patras and Ioanina
 * Romania (standard time)
 * The westernmost part, including Timișoara
 * Russia
 * Kaliningrad Oblast
 * Lithuania (standard time)
 * The westernmost part, including Klaipėda
 * Latvia (standard time)
 * The westernmost part, including Liepāja
 * Estonia (standard time)
 * The westernmost parts of the Saare and Hiiu counties
 * Finland (standard time)
 * The westernmost part, including Turku

Areas between meridians 7°30'W and 7°30'E ("physical" UTC+00:00)
All of:
 * Andorra
 * Belgium
 * Gibraltar
 * Luxembourg
 * Monaco
 * Netherlands
 * Benin

Most of:
 * Spain, excluding Canary Islands (which use UTC) and westernmost part of the mainland (see below)
 * France (with exception of small parts of Alsace, Lorraine and Provence are east of 7°30'E)
 * Algeria, including Algiers

Parts of:
 * Equatorial Guinea (Annobón Island only)
 * Morocco (northeastern part)
 * Niger (western part)
 * Nigeria (western part)
 * Germany (The very westernmost part)
 * Switzerland (westernmost part)
 * Italy (The very northwesternmost part)
 * Norway (Bouvet Island and southwesternmost part)

Areas between meridians 22°30'W and 7°30'W ("physical" UTC−01:00)

 * Spain
 * Parts of Galicia, Extremadura and Andalusia
 * Norway
 * Jan Mayen
 * Morocco
 * Southwestern part, including Casablanca
 * Western Sahara
 * Most part in the territory (occupied by Morocco, excluding claimed by Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic which use UTC+00:00)

title: UTC+01:00