text:
Crans-Montana

Crans-Montana is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged to form the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Crans-Montana is also a ski resort that was created through the fusion of the two centres of Crans and Montana and belonged to six municipalities (Chermignon, Icogne, Lens, Mollens, Montana and Randogne), four of which merged to form the municipality of Crans-Montana.

Chermignon
Chermignon is first mentioned in 1228 as Chermenon and Chirminon. It became an independent municipality in 1905 when it separated from Lens.

Mollens
Mollens is first mentioned about 1250 as Molaen. In 1286 it was mentioned as Moleing. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Molei, however, that name is no longer used.

Montana
Montana is first mentioned in 1243 as Montana. In 1905 it separated from Lens to form an independent municipality.

Randogne
Randogne is first mentioned in 1224 as Randonni.

Ski resort
The resort is located in the heart of the Swiss Alps in the French-speaking part of the canton of Valais. It is located on a plateau above Sierre at an elevation of about 1500 m above sea level, allowing a good view over the Valais Alps and Weisshorn in particular. The resort is a fusion of the two centres of Crans and Montana and belongs to 6 municipalities (Chermignon, Icogne, Lens, Mollens, Montana and Randogne).

The skiing area of Crans-Montana is composed of 140 km of pistes, and includes the Plaine Morte Glacier. It is topped by the Pointe de la Plaine Morte at 2927 m.

Crans-Montana is famous in alpine ski racing for the 1987 World Championships and is often on the World Cup schedule, usually for women's speed events.

Other activities
The area hosts the winter mountain pop rock festival, the Caprices Festival, and a professional golf tournament, the European Tour's Omega European Masters, which takes place each September. The area has also been frequently used for bicycle racing, hosting stage finishes of the Tour de Suisse seven times and of the Tour de Romandie eight times as of 2013. In addition, Crans-Montana also hosted the finish of the 20th stage of the 1984 Tour de France, won by Laurent Fignon, who also took the overall race win that year.

The Golf-Club Crans-sur-Sierre has four courses, one designed by Seve Ballesteros and another named after Jack Nicklaus.

The internationally renowned Les Roches International School of Hotel Management is located in Crans-Montana.

Geography
Crans-Montana has an area,, of.

Population
The new municipality has a population of.

Historic population
The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Roches des Fées and the Hotel Bella Lui are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Climate
Crans Montana has a warm summer humid continental climate, (Dfb) according to the Köppen climate classification. Between 1981 and 2010 Montana had on average 101 days of rain or snow per year and received on average 692 mm of precipitation. Crans Montana has fairly evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year, as is common in this type of climate. As with other locations in the canton of Valais, annual precipitation rates are quite low due to its location in the rain shadow of some of the tallest mountains in the Alps.

Transport
The Funiculaire Sierre–Montana–Crans leads from Montana to Sierre, next to the Sierre/Siders railway station.

Notable people

 * Elizabeth von Arnim (1866–1941), Australian-born British novelist, lived in Randogne 1910–1930
 * Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923), New Zealand-born author, lived in Montana from May 1921–January 1922
 * Roger Moore (1927–2017), British actor, owned a chalet at the ski resort for many years after moving from Gstaad. He lived there until his death in 2017.
 * Michel Roux (1941–2020), French-born chef and restaurateur who worked in Britain, lived in Crans-Montana from 2008.
 * Golfers Adam Scott, Ángel Gallardo, Sergio García along with Francesco and Edoardo Molinari are residents.
 * Vicky Safra Greek-born billionaire and philanthropist, wealthiest brazilian and member of the Safra family.

title: Crans-Montana


text: User talk:129.2.18.78

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:129.2.18.78


text:
Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman

Na Nach Nachma Nachman Me'uman (נַ נַחְ נַחְמָ נַחְמָן מֵאוּמַן) is a Hebrew language name and song used by a subgroup of Breslover Hasidim colloquially known as the Na Nachs. It is a kabbalistic formula based on the four Hebrew letters of the name Nachman, referring to the founder of the Breslov movement, Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, along with a reference to his burial place in Uman, Ukraine.

In 1922, Rabbi Yisroel Ber Odesser, a Breslover Hasid, claimed to have received a petek (note) addressed to him from Rebbe Nachman, although the latter had died in 1810. The seventh line of this petek is signed Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman, which became Rabbi Odesser's personal meditation and song. Before he died, he taught this phrase to a group of devotees who formed the Na Nach movement.

History of the phrase
The Na Nach Nachma phrase was revealed to and taught by Rabbi Yisroel Ber Odesser, the authentic Breslov figure who was born in 1888 in Tiberias. Rabbi Israel was among the first Breslover Hasidim in Israel, having learned about the movement from Rabbi Yisroel Halpern when he was a young yeshiva student.

When he was 33 years old, Rabbi Israël was overcome with weakness and hunger on the Fast of Tammuz. He decided or rather felt that he had to eat, in connection to the great hunger that befell on him then. But immediately after eating, he felt great sorrow at having succumbed to his own physical temptations. After six continuous days of prayer, a powerful thought came to him: "Go into your room!" He did as the inner voice said, went to the bookcase, that was locked and only himself had the key of the locker, and randomly opened a book. In the book was a piece of paper that he would later call "The Letter from Heaven." (Another version of the story is that Odesser was sitting in a synagogue with a second tier serving as its Womens section, when the synagogues sexton decided to play a joke and throw the paper down at Odesser.) The paper, written in Hebrew, with one line in Yiddish, is translated as follows: "It was very difficult for me to come down to you - מאוד היה קשה לי לרדת אליך my precious student to tell you that I had pleasure - תלמידי היקר, להגיד לך כי נהנתי very much from your devotion and upon you I said - מאוד מעבודתך, ועליך אמרתי my fire will burn until - מיין פייערל וועט טליען ביז the Messiah will come, strong and courageous - משיח וועט קומען חזק ואמץ in your devotion - בעבודתך Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman - נ נח נחמ נחמן מאומן And with this I will reveal to you a secret and it is: - :ובזה אגלה לך סוד והוא Full and heaped up from one extreme to another extreme (PTzPTzYH) - מלא וגדיש מקו לקו (פצפציה) And with the strengthening of your devotion you will understand it and a sign - ובחיזוק עבודה תבינהו וסמן The 17th of Tammuz they will say that you don't fast - יז בתמוז יאמרו שאינך מתענה"

R. I. Odesser the understood the letter to be a message of consolation, above other marvellous things inside, directly from Rebbe Nachman's spirit to himself here on earth. Since his name did not appear in the petek as the recipient, Odesser said that this was reason for every person to consider the petek addressed to himself or herself personally. Odesser adopted Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman as his personal meditation and song, and became so totally identified with it that he later said, "I am Na Nach Nachma Nachman Me'Uman!" (This quote appears on Odesser's tombstone in Jerusalem.)

Pronunciation and meaning of the phrase
During his lifetime, Rebbe Nachman spoke of a "Song of Redemption" that would be revealed before the coming of the Jewish Messiah. This song would be in a "single, double, triple, quadruple" form. (Likutei Moharan II, #8). Another possible explanation for this phrase is that the Talmud states in Tractate Pesachim that if one wants to rid himself of a certain demon that inflicts water he should say שברירי ברירי רירי ירי רי thereby diminishing the effects of the demon. Just as we see that saying phrases with diminishing letters can diminish the effects of something impure, so to saying and adding to the name of a righteous person can exemplify him to the greatest high. Na Nach Nachma phrase has such a structure (keeping in mind that Hebrew often omits the vowels) and is based on the Rebbe's name, "Nachman":

 * Na (One Hebrew letter: Nun) —
 * NaCH (Two Hebrew letters: Nun-Chet) —
 * NaCHMa (Three Hebrew letters: Nun-Chet-Mem) —
 * NaCHMaN (Four Hebrew letters: Nun-Chet-Mem-Nun) —
 * Me'Uman (a pun: it can mean "from Uman", Rebbe Nachman's burial place, and can also mean "believed" or "accredited".) —

The phrase is pronounced with a soft A sound as in "ah" and a guttural KH sound as in German "ach." It is usually accented as follows:

Nah-nakh-nakhmah-nakhman-meh-oo-mahn.

Speakers of Yiddish have also noted that na nach can mean "now to," which would loosely translate the phrase as "Now to Nachman from Uman," that is, traveling to the Rebbe on pilgrimage to his gravesite or in one's heart.

Popularity of the phrase today
Whatever the origins of this phrase, it is now very popular among a subgroup group of Breslover Hasidim who follow Rabbi Odesser, who are colloquially known as the Na Nachs. The name has been incorporated into both traditional and contemporary Jewish music, appeared on bumper stickers, billboards and public graffiti throughout Israel, and is used on jewellery and amulets. Among some groups of Sephardic Jewish youth in Israel, it has become a sort of rallying cry for returning to traditional Judaism, although not necessarily to mainstream Breslov.

More recently, some people have begun to wear the words of the phrase crocheted on large, white yarmulkes with a little tassel on top. (These hats are a modification of a traditional white yarmulke that has been worn in Jerusalem for centuries. That style, in turn, apparently evolved from the medieval Jewish hat with the ball on top—hence the tassel.) When Rabbi Odesser was still alive, some of his followers were already wearing large white yarmulkes, but without the phrase on them. Today, the Na Nachs make this crocheted yarmulke part of their uniform attire. Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman yarmulkes in other colors are also appearing on the market and are a popular item for Purim.

title: Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman


text:
Talk:Leviathan

Demonology info
I am still looking for actual references for the claims that "In medieval demonology, a leviathan is an aquatic demon that tries to possess people, being very difficult to exorcise. Leviathan is generally considered to be the demon of envy and the who is first in punishing the corresponding sinners. She is also said to have been of the order of Seraphim. Many medieval authors considered Leviathan to be Grand Admiral of the maritime regions of Hell."

An editor wrote:
 * "Check the article here "Fallen angels' angelic ranks", as for her being a she is something that is of varied opinion in demonology. You have obviously not been a demonologist long enough."

But I cannot find an article by that name. The article Hierarchy of devils says Leviathan is a he, not a she, and does not support any of those except for being a member of the Seraphim, but I also note that that article cites no sources at all for any of its claims either.

Please provide an actual verifiable reference. Thanks. DreamGuy 00:22, July 22, 2005 (UTC)

There, I know this, I've checked this a million times.
In one of the most important Hebrew scriptures, the Book of Enoch, is written;

And that day will two monsters be parted, one monster, a female named Leviathan in order to dwell in the abyss of the ocean over the fountains of water; and (the other), a male called Behemoth, which holds his chest in an invisible desert whose name is Dundayin, east of the garden of Eden. - 1 Enoch 60:7-8

Even though she is sometimes seen as androgynous, there is more evidence that points to her being female.

Leviathan is a seraphim, which is a common view assigned by most demonologists;

The article says "The Leviathan is frequently associated with Satan or the Devil." Satan and the Devil are both exactly the same thing!/?

 * Satan
 * Abaddon
 * Asmodeus
 * Astaroth
 * Leviathan
 * Samael
 * Semyazza

 * From article: fallen angel
 * From part: Fallen angels by rank.

sources!
''Leviathan - In the Enoch parables, Leviathan is the primitive female sea-dragon and monster of evil; in rabbinic writings, she is identified with Rahab, angel of the primordial deep, and associated with Behemoth (q.v). ''

http://www.witchvox.com/va/dt_va.html?a=cabc&c=whs&id=8609

'''In common modern Christian usage, the word demon refers to an evil spirit. In 1612 CE Father Sebastien Michaelis claimed to have communicated with a demon named Balberith during an exorcism of a nun in Aix En Provence. Balberith listed a number of demons which Michaelis published in his book Admirable History. Michaelis listed three hierarchies of demons. Since it was believed that these were fallen angels the categories within these hierarchies bore the same names as those of the angelic hosts:

Heirarchy	Order	Prince(s) 1st	Seraphim	Beelzebub, Leviathan, Asmodeus'''

http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/demons/bookdevilsanddemons/fallenangels.htm

Leviathan (once partly of the order of seraphim).

http://www.sacred-magick.com/Evocations/High%20Ranking%20Demons.html

Leviathan was a Prince of the order of Seraphim.

Other fallen angels are Lucifer, once a Light Bearer; also Beelzebub, Leviathan, Azazel, Rehab.

 Of the choir of Seraphim there fell at first Lucifer, Beelzebub and Leviathan

It's common knowledge that Leviathan was a seraph, you obviously know nothing, you washup mainstream excuse for a mythologist.

There's your sources, as well as additional phrases where people know Leviathan to have been a seraph.

(above comments by User:Satanael)

 * Please see wikipedia policy on Verifiability and also No original research. Please provide reputable sources to support your claims. Also, please read up on Civility. DreamGuy 23:07, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

What the [word censored] is verifiable then!
http://www.whiterosesgarden.com/Nature_of_Evil/Demons/DM_Occult_Hierarchy/DM_hells_hierarchy_Father-Michaelis_1612.htm

Hell's Hierarchy as described by Father Sebastien Michaelis in 1612

''<>

One of the most complete lists of devils and their functions was reported by the celebrated exorcist Father Sebastien Michaelis, in his Admirable History (1612). Balberith, a demon possessing Sister Madeleine, at Aix-en-Provence, obligingly told the priest not only the other devils possessing the nun, but added the special saints whose function was to oppose them. Since the devils were angels who had rebelled and fallen, they maintained their rank as ex-angels. The angelic court had been invented in the fourth century, out of the writings of Paul (Col. i. 16; Eph. i. 21), by the Pseudo-Dionysius, and consisted of nine orders of angels (three hierarchies each of three orders):

First Hierarchy:

Seraphim

Cherubim

Thrones

Second Hierarchy:

Dominions

Principalities

Powers

Third Hierarchy:

Virtues

Archangels

Angels

Balberith gave many lesser devils occupying Sister Madeleine, but the most important listed by Michaelis were as follows:

First Hierarchy

1. Beelzebub was Prince of the Seraphim, and next unto Lucifer. For all the princes, that is to say all the chief of the nine choirs of angels, are fallen; and of the choir of Seraphim there fell the three first, to wit, Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Leviathan, who did all revolt. But the fourth, who was Michael, was the first that resisted Lucifer, and all the rest of the good angels followed him, so that now he is the chiefest amongst them all. Lucifer, when Christ descended into hell, was there chained up, where he commands all. . . . Beelzebub tempts men with pride. And as John the Baptist holds Lucifer's place in Paradise. . . by his singular humility, so Beelzebub has Francis for his adversary in heaven.

2. Leviathan is the Prince of the same order, and is the ringleader of the heretics, tempting men with sins that are directly repugnant unto faith. [Adversary: Peter the Apostle]''

Directly quoted from a demonology book by an expert, which means that since the info has an origin, it's valid.

Read, The Book of Enoch, see, have you heard of the book of Enoch, hmm, no, well, it's a set of texts found in the Dead Sea Scrolls which predate the Bible

''The Apocryphal Book of Enoch gives the following description of this monster's origins:

"And that day will two monsters be parted, one monster, a female named Leviathan in order to dwell in the abyss of the ocean over the fountains of water; and (the other), a male called Behemoth, which holds his chest in an invisible desert whose name is Dundayin, east of the garden of Eden." - 1 Enoch 60:7-8''

Here's a link that proves that it's in the Book of Enoch

http://www.deliriumsrealm.com/delirium/mythology/leviathan.asp

And besides, if people use Leviathan as a former seraph in demonology, that must mean she WAs a seraph, so it's supposed to stand here no matter what you say, and this, being an online encyclopedia, is supposed to have info from all directions, no matter what your precious rules say :P

(above unsigned, but by User:Satanael)

 * OK, first and foremost, "if people use Leviathan as a former seraph in demonology, that must mean she WAS a seraph," is complete nonsense. The fact that some dodgy sources claim she was a she and she was a seraph in no way shows that she was. Lots of people out there have really messed up ideas about lots of things, that doesn;t mean they are right.

 * Secondly, "being an online encyclopedia, is supposed to have info from all directions" is simply wrong. You need to go read Verifiability and also NPOV. Only reliable sources are used, and for controversial claims it is absolutely vital that the text in question be labeled as the claim stated by so-and-so (with link or other info to let people have an idea of how reliable they are).

 * You seem to have completely misunderstood how the policies work here. If multiple reputable sources say something without any dispute, then we can list it unsourced. If multiple reputable sources say different things, then we report each and reference who says what. If some dodgy but fairly well known or numerous people claim something that goes against what other more reputable sources say, we can cite it but point out who said it and that it's not the accepted belief. If some totally unreliable person with no background or fame makes some claim that flies totally in the face of all known facts, then it isn't listed at all.

 * What you have above is a mixture of the last two scenarios. Some just are complete nonsense and shouldn;t be listed, others are at least cited by some sources some people have heard of and can be listed provided the source is clearly identified and the credential are listed.

 * Please take the time to read those policies I mentioned above, as they are spelled out there and would have cleared up your confusion. Also, again, please also read about the Civility policy, as your actions here and ways of phrasing things are completely unacceptable. Also please sign your talk comments. DreamGuy 20:59, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Leviathan as a Serpent
I am interested in what people know about Leviathan being a serpent and how that plays into serpent mythology. It seems in Judaism that there is a connection to the Leviathan at the "end of the days". Therefore according to Jewish mythology history begins and ends with a serpent. Any comments on the meaning behind this?

 * It is Xian mythology that history starts with a snake. Judaism does not give much values to the "fall" of man. Perhaps, if you want some meaning, Judaism holds that Adam had no internal inclination to do otherwise from G-d. A test was devised and somehow or another he failed (what part was the failure is a matter of debate) and then he now had an internal inclination to make bad choices (besides the already internal one to make good choices, which means internally he always had to make a choice of which to follow). This all ends when G-d slaughters the satan (capital S is Xian mythology, not Jewish) at which point noone will have any inclination other than to do what G-d wants. This makes life a test. The snake was merely the metholody for the delivery of the first test, with little significance given to it otherwise. -- Chacham 1:29, 29 Sep 2005 (UTC)

Also any comments on the Talmudic piece that says that God spends three hours of his day playing with the Leviathan? Bram

 * Here's the source in 'Avoda Zara Vonfraginoff 07:34, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Meh, I'm sure it's a mosasaur. That's -like- a snake, unhinging jaw and all.

It's simmilar to the Kundalini. Kundalini, like Leviathan, means "coiled".--N33 (talk) 07:18, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Revelations
Leviathan was also mentioned in the last book of the New Testament.

EDIT - It is "REVELATION", not "REVELATIONS". You also misspelled "Leviathan". I fixed it.

Other references apparently deemed unworthy of the article page
In the 1975 science fiction story The Illuminatus! Trilogy, the Leviathan is a massive single-celled creature that lives in the ocean and has survived–without offspring– from time immemorial. In this account, the Leviathan is one of the two original life forms on Earth, the other being that from which all other life evolved. Instead of evolving multiple cells, reproduction and–in some sense–mortality, the Leviathan continued to grow it's single cell over billions of years, and developed an almost god-like intellect, including telepathy. One of the most striking variations from more traditional accounts of the Leviathan is that Shea and Wilson describe it as pyramid shaped, explaining that the shape is neccessary to withstand the pressure exerted by the sea and gravity on the enormous body. This, however, was most likely to accommodate other aspects of the story, for instance the Eye in the Pyramid which was a symbol of the Illuminati in the story as well as in a number of real-word conspiracy theories (see Eye of Providence).

 B. Mearns * , KSC 00:41, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

I changed "Leviathan in Literature" to "Leviathan in Other Media". There are three entries in that section which weren't based in literature. Levid37 07:27, 16 May 2006 (UTC)Levid37

 * These lists have a tendency to get cluttered with borderline notable references; for the sake of readability I think it's preferable to keep the references on this page to a minimum, and shift the more wide-ranging media references to the disambiguation page. Feel free to revert if you disagree. --Muchness 00:28, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

the prophet Jonah
Is it possible to discuss the Leviathan in Judaism without mentioning the prophet Jonah? I find that very strange. The only mention seems to be a passing reference when referring to Pinocchio.

212.143.147.214 10:56, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

I edited the title to say "Jonah" and not "Noah" as the two are not the same. Also, take note that Jonah was in the belly of a whale, there is NO mention of him being within Leviathan. -- Dan N.

leviathan, the water demon can turn into anything it so pleases. it often turns into a beautiful if young woman to lure young men into the sea. once the man wanders into the sea in search for his false love. the beast shows it's true colors.

Pulled that one out of your butt did ya? Likening sirens from greek mythology to the biblical leviathan, never thought I'd see it. -- Dan N.

Actually Dan, you'll need to check a few translations. Most say Jonah was swallowed by a great fish. Many people presume it was a whale. --Max — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.96.114.192 (talk) 00:49, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

Alligator
A foot note in my copy of the NIV says that "Leviathan" may be an ancient name for Alligators. Has anyone else read this anywhere?Seizurebot1011 23:26, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Alligators? Why alligators?  The ancient Hebrews never encountered alligators.  I've only heard about biblical scholars thinking that the image of Leviathan was influenced by the Nile Crocodile.--Mr Fink 01:57, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

In my footnote it states that the leviathan is thought to be a crocodile. I greatly agree with this thought, all except for the fire-breathing portion. That is the only part that does not fit in with the alligator/crocodile explanation.

 * Footnotes say all kinds of things. I recommend that you cross-check your versions - the KJV is still the best to use. -- Ins-dragonclaw 01:35, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Leviathan is the Crocodile, Behemoth is the Hippo. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.112.55.242 (talk) 23:02, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

why is the imaginary monster the first Wiki article?
Why is the imaginary monster the first Wiki reference instead of the book by Thomas Hobbes, which is obviously what most people come looking for? 196.218.80.75jackbrown
 * Maybe because Hobbes named his book AFTER the Biblical monster in the first place?--Mr Fink 22:31, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Which Bible version is used in this article?
I didn't see the version listed with the Bible passages. Is it NIV? Agatehawk 05:14, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

It looks like a mixture of versions to me. Some KJV/AV, and some modernizations. It could do with some checking, and perhaps standardization into one version throughout the article. I'd rather tread carefully here, as the question of choice of Bible translation tends to get very heated sometimes... Emil

DMC3
I added the appearence of Leviathan in Devil May Cry 3 a while ago, but it got removed with an edit summary saying it was un-related. I'm just wondering why it was removed, cuz in the game, he fit the description pretty well. The game also has many other characters that get their names/nature from Mythology. I don't know if whoever removed it has never played the game, or if there's some other factor?-- Koji Dude  (Contributions) 03:53, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it's because this article refers strictly to the Leviathan, as mentioned in the Bible, and that modern day references and or uses of Leviathan go in the disambiguation page.--Mr Fink 19:01, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

The article says "The Leviathan is freqently associated with Satan or the Devil." Satan and the Devil are both exactly the same thing!/?

Anon

 * I added the final fantasy Leviathan thing,let's see what's gonna happen...--Aqmaster 18:17, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm guessing I'll catch a bit of hell for this because the editor who removed it most recently and I have a history with this particular page. None the less, I maintain that a list of all widely available references to an article's subject, such as the one for the video game here, is perfectly appropriate, and the practice is, in fact, ubiquitous here on wikipedia.

 * Someone above pointed out, correctly, that this article is designated as being about the biblical creature, and that might be the reason for objection. I think that would be a reasonable objection to the content if this article were titled Leviathan (biblical), or something along those lines, with another articles titled simply Leviathan, which was about the creature in general and it's various manifestations. The disambig page was pointed to, but if you look on it, you'll notice that's it really just for different uses of the term "Leviathan", where as the proposed content is actually about a creature which is supposed to be a leviathan (or The Leviathan, or whatever).

 * So I think the content should be added, and I would encourage any further dispute over the contents and purpose of this page to be settled with an RfC or some similar mediation.

 *  B. Mearns * , KSC 16:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
 * You claim "I maintain that a list of all widely available references to an article's subject, such as the one for the video game here, is perfectly appropriate, and the practice is, in fact, ubiquitous here on wikipedia" -- On that point you are 100% incorrect. See WP:NOT, WP:TRIVIA and the ever popular WP:ENC. You couldn't be more wrong about something if you tried. DreamGuy 19:24, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Dinosaurs by Design
This is a children's book. Isn't there a better reference for this? IPSOS (talk) 01:51, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Remove it. Better source or not, a children;s book shouldn't be here. DreamGuy 23:17, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Actually there is, that book was actually recommended to me by a dvd (for adults and kids) by Kent Hovind I can't remember which dvd but (it might be in dinosaurs of the bible) watch them anyway they are really interesting. DreamGuy ... have you even read the book? That book happens to be more grown up then some adults it's just put into simple words. btw you made a mistake, recheck your grammer I didn't fix it since I'm only kid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.147.80.163 (talk) 09:49, 28 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Kent Hovind has a well-earned reputation for being a science-hating Liar for Jesus who opposes everything and anyone who contradicts his personal interpretations of the Bible, and his books are considered to be unreliable and untrustworthy sources. That, and you should not warn people about "mistakes" if you aren't going to specify what the mistake exactly is, nor if you can not be bothered to spell "grammar" correctly.--Mr Fink (talk) 13:43, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

Merge from Leviathan in rabbinic literature
Leviathan in rabbinic literature is just another way of saying "the most notable parts of Leviathan. Absolutley no justification for another article, and there was no discussion of splitting anything off. As it is right now it's just a WP:FORK file. DreamGuy 05:02, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

A lot of it is a fork i will move the contents of the judaism section (a good part of it isn't a fork) to the article Leviathan in rabbinic literature i didn't notice i reproduced similar material --69.153.48.144 02:19, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * NO, no, no... the merge notice was NOT to move the info OFF this article, but to move the info ONTO this article, as the Jewish part is the most important part of the topic, it's a Jewish figure. DreamGuy 23:04, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your good explanation i agree we should merge the articles--Java7837 17:04, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, the GOOD info from the other article should be moved HERE... though that other article has some pretty poor writing and info, so a mere copy and paste is not good. Plus it's strange that you agreed to a merge TO HERE and then just copied and pasted the content from here over there.DreamGuy 22:38, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

What should not be merged over here --Java7837 17:51, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Leviathan in popular culture
What about add Leviathan in popular culture? Some samples: Final Fantasy series, Atlantis: The Lost Empire, The Pirates of Dark Water,... --201.10.146.158 01:04, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
 * See Leviathan (disambiguation) and keep in mind WP:TRIVIA rules. That means most of those kind of minor references absolutely should not be mentioned in this article. DreamGuy 05:24, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Redirect
Leviathan should go to the book by Thomas Hobbes with a disambig to mythology... - Abscissa 16:53, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Uh, no. IPSOS (talk) 16:56, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Uh, yes. I'd argue than Hobbes book is far more famous.
 * Uh, no, because Sea Monster, and not Hobbes is what everyone first thinks of when they hear "Leviathan."--Mr Fink 04:55, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

demon in judaism
this is a lie the leviathan is not a demon in judaism so whoever keeps putting this on the leviathan article needs to stop--Java7837 19:23, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Parasaurolophus?
The leviathan as an animal section, the paragraph of Parasaurolophus seems to come out of nowhere. Can anyone fix it? I do not understand what it is saying, it seems like that paragraph is talking about Parasaurolophus as a possible candidate of leviathan since it uses a heat attack as a defensive measure, but started with some kind of heat injured stuff in the very begining of the paragraph. MythSearchertalk 17:23, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

AgreedCrljenak 02:33, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

References Concerning Leviathan as Hellmouth
Do we have any references about whether or not the beast of the Hellmouth is Leviathan?--Mr Fink (talk) 04:46, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I have added two (thus increasing the number of refs in the article by 50%). Johnbod (talk) 17:20, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Final Fantasy
Deserves a mention in the Literature section perhaps with the title being changed. It is based off the biblical sea creature and not an entirely seperate thing. It is also more well known as being portrayed in the final fantasy 'universe' than some of the literature listed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.97.78.171 (talk) 10:14, 6 September 2008 (UTC)
 * The Final Fantasy version is mentioned in the Disambiguation.--Mr Fink (talk) 15:26, 6 September 2008 (UTC)

What about Hobbes' Leviathan?
There are a lot of topics here discussing the Leviathan without any respect to Hobbes.

The pictures used for this article in several languages are nice, but not taken from the two editions published by Hobbes himself. I want to advice to use reproductions of these and to refer to them in the article. It will be very useful to understand his political theory...

--Platonykiss (talk) 08:54, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

 * The reason why Hobbes' Leviathan is not discussed here is because it is discussed in its own article, "Leviathan (book)"--Mr Fink (talk) 12:48, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh, sorry! I was somehow lost between both articles... --Platonykiss (talk) 23:09, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

Still I bet Hobbes is the reason a lot of people get to this article; in my opinion it's relevant and should be dedicated a separate paragraph, even if it's an article. Hillbilly Pilgrim (talk) 10:13, 21 May 2011 (UTC)
 * More English speakers are aware of the Bible than they are of Hobbes. If Hobbes's book was more than just titled Leviathan, we could discuss "Leviathan in Hobbes's Leviathan," but other than that Wikipedia is not a random collection of indiscriminate information.  The Leviathan section of the "Christian demons in popular culture" article does mention Hobbes's book, which is where passing references go to die.  The due weight given to the subject would be one line, not a paragraph, unless Hobbes actually developed the myth of the Leviathan further. Ian.thomson (talk) 14:02, 21 May 2011 (UTC)

It would make sense to put Hobbes at the end of the Meaning in Christian Middle Ages section.66.64.72.10 (talk) 21:16, 20 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Except that Hobbes is didn't actually write about the mythological character of the Leviathan, but was merely referencing it as a symbol of something really big. It makes no more sense than including Moby Dick. Please actually read the article and the Hobbes's Leviathan before suggesting including it.
 * I repeat: this is the page about the character Leviathan, not just any random use of the word. Ian.thomson (talk) 21:31, 20 January 2015 (UTC)
 * What Ian said. That, and if you actually bothered to read this thread, you'd notice that Hobbes' Leviathan is DISCUSSED IN ITS OWN ARTICLE HERE--Mr Fink (talk) 00:41, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

Etymology
If the article includes an etymology of the name, please move it somewhere where it can be more easily found. If not, please add to the intro either the etymology or an explanation of various etymological speculations. Thanks! Aristophanes68 (talk) 23:20, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

It is not the Torah, it is the Tanakh
The Torah are the first five books of the "Old Testament", and only the first five books alone! For some reason Christians incessantly and incorrectly call the "Old Testament" by the wrong name. The Jewish bible is not called the Torah! The proper name is "TANAKH"! It would be nice if they would start getting the names of the books and the names of the characters right too. Your translations are horrible and the lack of true context gained from proper translation has established incorrect doctrine for millinnia. For a real straight from Hebrew and Aramaic to English translation for Christians and from Greek to English for the B'rit Hadashah (aka New Testament), get "The Complete Jewish Bible" by Dr. Rabbi David Stern. Back on topic, though - how am I going to believe this guy's article if it starts with a glaring indication that he has not bothered to do any research into the religion in which this figure had it's birth? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.1.38.228 (talk) 10:35, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

 * New sections go at the bottom. Welcome to Wikipedia, where YOU are the editor.  If you see that an article says "Torah" when it should say "Tanakh," edit the article and fix it.  The article currently isn't locked down, so you should be able to do that.  As for "Your translations," because you have visited this site, they're your's as well.  That's how wikipedia works. Fix the translations (bring in sources, please) instead of complaining.  That's the strength of wikipedia: if you see something wrong with this encyclopedia, YOU can fix it.  As for "how am I going to believe this guy's article," who are you refering to?  No one person wrote the Leviathan article.  And again, YOU fix it (be sure to bring in sources).  That's how Wikipedia works. Ian.thomson (talk) 15:46, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

"Job 41"
What wich is wrotten in the article that the quite is from Job 41 is probably a mistake wich was caused because that its source (a web) was wrong; According to my Hebrew version of the bible, is from Job unit number 40 in the 25th sentense (Pasuk); but perhaps an "un-jew" version of the bible isn't exactly like the jewish version)... —Preceding unsigned comment added by עברית (talk • contribs) 09:48, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Source or Remove it.
In the Judaism text version of this article there is a claim that Leviathan is referred to in the first book of Genesis, along with an elaborate story of God being afraid of them reproducing. I Can't find a bible that states this, and the comment has nor source. Am I missing something? If not, it seems that is should be removed. Brutalrepublic (talk) 14:56, 2 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I finally worked out what you probably mean. You're talking about the post-Biblical rabbinic riffs on Leviathan - the article directs you to "B.B.74", which means the Bhava Batra, chapter 74. PiCo (talk) 13:23, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

Canaanite Myth
According to "Myth : Myth and Legends of the World Explored by Kenneth McLeish", Liviathan in Canaanite myth, was the personification of the chaos at the beginning of the universe, a seven-Headed, fire-breathing, crocodile-dragon, the power of the primordial ocean given form. She lurked in the depths of the sea which was herself, waiting for her momment to surge up and snatch her victims. ANAT fought her nd chained her, bringing order to the universe, - but, the myth ends, Liviathan is not dead but mearly sleeping, and one day will return to destroy us all. Note: Hebrew and Christian teachers fell joyfully on this myth using Laviathan as a metaphor for everything which threatened the stability of Yahweh and his worshipers, from the Babylonian and Egyptian nations which enslaved them to the Power of Satan which God's Angels will destroy on the Day of Judgement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.202.233.174 (talk) 23:29, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
 * We can summarize the entry in Kenneth McLeish's Myth book, but adding on to it or commenting on it is original research, which we do not take. Ian.thomson (talk) 23:32, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

Is Leviathon a SUBMARINE VOLCANO?
The following verses from Job 41 not only discredit any real animal origins of the Leviathan but also give credence to the theory it was a submarine volcanic eruption.

18 His snorting throws out flashes of light; his eyes are like the rays of dawn. 19 Firebrands stream from his mouth; sparks of fire shoot out. 20 Smoke pours from his nostrils as from a boiling pot over a fire of reeds. 21 His breath sets coals ablaze, and flames dart from his mouth.

I've tried to add this to the Leviathan page but my edits keep getting reverted. Is there no option to add suggested origins for the Leviathan on the page?

(Oh My Volcano (talk) 15:47, 14 October 2012 (UTC))

 * This is your interpretation, right? Read WP:NOR and WP:VERIFY - we can't use our own interpretations, you will need a source making this suggestion and the source must meet our criteria at WP:RS. Dougweller (talk) 15:53, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

Yes, and it seems I am alone in this interpretation. Drat! It's a lonely place and may stay lonely given how much people, especially the experts, hate new ideas. I have just put my theory to about sixty experts so maybe I will hear something positive soon. Watch this space. p.s. if it helps my case then Lernaean Hydra, Chimera and Typhon....all sea monsters....were of volcanic origin.(Oh My Volcano (talk) 23:09, 17 October 2012 (UTC))
 * It does not help. Please read WP:No original research.  Conversations you have with others do not count as reliable sources.  Please read WP:Identifying reliable sources.  Ian.thomson (talk) 23:32, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Hydra, Chimera and their father Typhon were not sea monsters. Go read your mythology again.--Mr Fink (talk) 01:20, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Ian. I didn't say I was expecting private email chats to be used as 'evidence'! Oh dear me. Maybe something will come of the chats. You never know. 'Watch this space' but not too avidly as it may take some time. (Oh My Volcano (talk) 21:34, 18 October 2012 (UTC)) Apokryltaros. Sorry, typo....I meant to say 'monsters of volcanic origin'. One word edited out but my point remains intact. Are we in agreement that Hydra, Chimera and Typhon are of volcanic origin? 'Go read your mythology again'? A bit rude isn't it? I thought Wiki had a 'be polite' rule. (Oh My Volcano (talk) 21:34, 18 October 2012 (UTC))
 * Why would anyone agree to that theory either? I haven't seen anything... Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 21:56, 18 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oh My Volcano,
 * Wikipedia is not a general discussion forum, talk pages are only for discussing things relating to improving or maintaining the encyclopedia - see WP:NOTFORUM.
 * We do not engage in any original research - see WP:No original research, which is the third time this has been linked. We only summarize reliable sources, as defined in this link.  If you do not have any published works to cite, you do not have material to add as far as Wikipedia is concerned.
 * Refusal to get the point is considered disruptive - see WP:IDHT.
 * At no point did I mention emails, please do not put words in my mouth. You said "I have just put my theory to about sixty experts so maybe I will hear something positive soon", which I pointed out does not count as a reliable source.  If you did not mean to apply is as a source, what relevance was there to this encyclopedia?
 * Also, there is a difference between blunt correction and rudeness, Apokryltaros's remarks belong in the former category. Ian.thomson (talk) 22:11, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Young Earth Creationists
Sub heading: "Christianity" Last line: "The Young Earth creationist opinion is that Leviathan and Behemoth are names given to dinosaurs which they wrongly believe existed in Biblical times." The above sentence is overly biased. you could just say that the Young Earth Creationists 'believe' such and such, but to state blatantly that they are wrong, without substantial proof, is not a "neutral" point of view. As you presented the beliefs of 'The Ancient Middle East', Jew tradition, and Satanism without pronouncing any of them wrong or opinionated; I recommend that you just simply state the beliefs of the Young Earth Creationists and leave it at that. FiggityWiggit (talk) 14:44, 21 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I removed the word "wrongly" which is blatant "pushing" against someone else's beliefs which we can't do, but note that the word "wrongly" was added by an anon IP only two days ago and thus is more like provacatuering than part of the stable article. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 15:10, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

bad citation
You have the wrong verse in your "Rashi" citation. I have a copy. It's not in there. Go back to your source. Also see the citation needed mark. If the Chabad website doesn't give its source (it probably does, you didn't see it if it's at the bottom of the page) then don't use this info. 71.163.117.143 (talk) 10:31, 1 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Someone appears to have altered the quote into their own commentary on the quote (which is why a citation needed mark got in there), so I replaced it with the original quote. Ian.thomson (talk) 15:18, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Missing section Needs to be Added
There should be a section that talks about the theories as to the Leviathan's identity from notable scholars.--Paleface Jack (talk) 18:10, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

 * What's missing is the semiotic dissection of the Hebrew name, לִוְיָתָן. Like many transliterated names, 'Leviathan' has multiple Hebrew etymologies. This is no happenstantial accident. Most transliterated Hebrew names, words, and phrases are subtle puns with both a superficial meaning and a subtle meaning rarely discussed.

 * Keep in mind that the sea monster interpretation connotes an agitated creature that is fundamentally a metaphor for chaos.

 * While chaos is hardly a modern concept, the mathematics of Chaos Theory has only been around for half a century. The most astonishing thing we learn from modern Chaos Theory is that Rule-Based Systems are mathematically chaotic. To appreciate this observation, consider a simple children's game like Checkers or Chess. Such games are governed by a small number of rules. There is an astronomical number of legal games of Checkers, Chess, Go, etc. The outcome of any one game typically pivots on a few key moves (sometimes called blunders). The unpredictability of the course of such games is characteristic of chaotic dynamics.

 * So how does modern Chaos Theory help us with the semiotic dissection of לִוְיָתָן?

 * The priesthood of the Hebrews involved two classes: the Kohanim (high priests) and the Levites (priestly clerics). It was the Kohanim who reckoned Ethics. But reckoning ethics is as intellectually challenging and arcane as reckoning rocket science. The average person has neither the time nor the intellectual horsepower to engage in Ethical Deep Reasoning on a routine basis. This is where the Levites, the priestly clerics come into the picture. Their role was to reduce the esoteric wisdom and insight of the Kohanim into simple do's and dont's for the general public. The Levites were the Bureaucrats of the Priesthood who wrote the simplified rules, based on the sophisticated analytical guidance of the Kohanim. Naively, one would assume that there is no loss of functionality in down-translating from Ethics to Rules. But Chaos Theory reveals otherwise. The Axiom of Law and Order turns out to be a subtle (but crucial) misconception.  The long-running TV series,  Law and Order comprises episodes of high drama. And drama is an instance of chaos — a story with an unpredictable outcome, pivoting on small details.

 * So how does 'Leviathan' foreshadow this observation? Dissect the name.

 * Levi+athan literally means the Legacy of the Levites. The biblical name Nathan means 'giver'. But in Hebrew that leading 'N' (the emphatic nun or energetic nun) is like the exclamation mark in English. In Hebrew 'athan' means 'gift'. But not a special gift, just an ordinary gift. If you precede 'athan' with the emphatic nun you get Nathan which means "wonderful gift, marvelous gift, special gift." Levi-athan is the gift of the Levites, but not a wonderful, marvelous, or special gift. Leviathan is one of those, "Gee, thanks a lot" gifts that you'd rather do without.

 * The Simplified Rules provide by the Levites — the priestly bureaucrats — bequeathed an element of chaos on humankind's ill-conceived regulatory processes of self-governance.

 * Moulton (talk) 13:02, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

 * These talk pages are a place to discuss specific ways to improve the article, not a forum for posting your ideas about the topic. It would be worth reading WP:NOTFORUM. Alephb (talk) 22:39, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

Weaselwording
From this: Young Earth Creationist's argue that both the scale clad fire breathing Leviathan and the Behemoth depicted in the Bible can only have been dinosaurs that still existed when the Book of Job was written.[13][14]

To this: Young Earth Creationists argue that both the scale-clad, fire-breathing Leviathan, and the Behemoth depicted in the Bible could only have been dinosaurs that they allege still existed when the Book of Job was written.[13][14]

The text of Job makes clear that the animal in question is something Job is familiar with. I realise the YEC position isn't universally held ;-) but the purpose of this section is to define their view, not challenge it. If Leviathan was a dinosaur and Job was familiar with Leviathan then Job was familiar dinosaurs. Adding that YECers allege dinosaurs still existed is a semantic cop-out intended on discrediting the claim as valid, and a treatment given to no other view. Rather than start an edit war though I'm posting this comment and will check back in the future. Hopefully a minor tweak that can quickly be resolved.

As an aside, a question for the Grammar Police - can only have been or could only have been? And what's the difference? :-)

118.208.52.166 (talk) 08:36, 18 June 2015 (UTC)
 * How about this: Young Earth Creationists argue that both the scale-clad, fire-breathing Leviathan, and the Behemoth depicted in the Bible, can only have been dinosaurs. Based partly on on this, they conclude that dinosaurs still existed when the Book of Job was written. Dinoguy2 (talk) 12:06, 18 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Slight tweak for the second sentence => Based both on the text and other evidence they conclude that dinosaurs still existed when the Book of Job was written. Is this stronger? The partly on this section just seemed weak to me. 118.208.39.87 (talk) 12:59, 22 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Basic logic says a text cannot be taken as evidence for itself, though it's true that's their position, but it should be worded more neutrally. Dinoguy2 (talk) 11:23, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

WP:ERA
Per this edit, the usage of this page was established as. Kindly maintain it consistently pending a new consensus to the contrary. — Llywelyn II   23:25, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

Merge from Lotan
Ltn isn't similar to Leviathan. It is exactly the same beast and we (like Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible) should merge it back to Leviathan to provide that article with its appropriate Canaanite context. — Llywelyn II   13:07, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Nope. Leviathan has a lot of other stuff in it. Expand Lotan. DreamGuy (talk) 20:30, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Unless the two entities really are the same creature, and not merely identical, or that there is documentation and study that one is a derivation of the other, we should not merge the two articles.--Mr Fink (talk) 21:52, 22 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Ogden says Leviathan evidently corresponds to Ugaritic Ltn (Lotan/Litan) and a bit later that Leviathan "is believed to have been derived" from Ltn (with a footnote pointing to six works that discuss the connection). I'm not so much in favor of merging, though, as there are interesting other points to make about Ltn, in particular its connection to Greek Typhon. Q VVERTYVS (hm?) 15:54, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Leviathan
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Leviathan's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "ency-islam-kaf": From Kujata:  From Bahamut:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 12:53, 20 March 2020 (UTC)

"Leviathan(myhtology)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leviathan(myhtology)&redirect=no Leviathan(myhtology)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 18:01, 22 November 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Criticism as Praxis
— Assignment last updated by Keegancroteau12 (talk) 04:30, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Leviathan


text:
Portal:Uganda/Featured picture

 * Vegetation on the flanks of the Ruwenzori Range

The Ruwenzori Range is a small but spectacular mountain range along the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. While the base of the range is in tropical rainforest the summits are permanently snow-capped.

title: Portal:Uganda/Featured picture


text:
User talk:Samruo

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 04:26, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Samruo


text: Category:High schools in Iran

title: Category:High schools in Iran


text:
Frank Ryan (American football)

Frank Beall Ryan (July 12, 1936 – January 1, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Los Angeles Rams (1958–1961), Cleveland Browns (1962–1968), and Washington Redskins (1969–1970). He played college football for the Rice Owls. A three-time Pro Bowl selection with Cleveland, Ryan led the Browns to their most recent National Football League title in 1964. He was also a mathematician, serving as a faculty member at Case Western Reserve University from 1967 to 1974.

Early years
Ryan played football while attending R. L. Paschal High School in Fort Worth, Texas. He was recruited by college coaches from across the country, including Bear Bryant, and he was admitted to Yale University. Ryan declared a major in physics at Rice University, becoming the first in his family not to go to Yale. He was unable to establish himself during the course of his collegiate career, splitting time behind center with King Hill, who was receiving most of the snaps.

Given his desire to obtain a Ph.D., Ryan originally decided not to play professional football after the Los Angeles Rams chose him in the fifth round of the 1958 NFL Draft. He changed his mind after he was able to enroll at both UCLA and the University of California, Berkeley in pursuit of an advanced degree. Ryan then transferred back to Rice, where he studied during the off-season.

Los Angeles Rams
Ryan spent the first four years of his career primarily in a reserve capacity, making $12,000 per year. He did start a handful of games in competition with Billy Wade and Zeke Bratkowski. In 1961, he and future Hall of Famer Ollie Matson connected on a 96-yard touchdown reception, establishing a new team record. However, after sitting on the bench for the last four games of the 1961 season, Ryan stormed into the dressing room and threatened General Manager Elroy Hirsch that he was going to quit football if he were not traded. He became part of a multi-player deal with the Cleveland Browns on July 12, 1962, his 26th birthday, as the arrival of highly touted newcomer Roman Gabriel made Ryan expendable.

1962–1963
Acquired to back up starting quarterback Jim Ninowski, Ryan moved into the starting slot on October 28 when Ninowski broke his collarbone while being tackled by Pittsburgh Steelers' defensive lineman Eugene "Big Daddy" Lipscomb. With no other candidates to compete with, Ryan established his leadership and held on to the starting role for much of the next six seasons. In his first full season as a starter, 1963, Ryan threw for 2,026 yards and 25 touchdowns with only 13 interceptions, helping the Browns to a 10–4 record. Thirteen of those touchdowns went to Gary Collins, who tied for the league lead in receiving touchdowns that year.

1964
In 1964, Ryan established himself as one of the league's best passers. He threw for 2,404 yards and repeated his 1963 performance by completing 25 touchdown passes, which was enough to lead the league. Ryan had excellent company on the Browns offense: fullback Jim Brown; wide receivers Gary Collins and Paul Warfield; and an outstanding offensive line which included Dick Schafrath, John Morrow, John Wooten, Monte Clark, and future Hall of Famer Gene Hickerson. But Ryan was also a clutch performer during the Browns' memorable 10–3–1 season. Needing a win in the December 12 regular season finale against the New York Giants to clinch a berth in the NFL title game, Ryan completed 12 of 13 passes for five touchdowns and ran for a sixth touchdown in the 52–20 win. Two weeks later in the championship game against the Baltimore Colts, Ryan hit Collins for three touchdowns to win the title, 27–0.

Ryan was rewarded for his performance with the first of three straight Pro Bowl appearances. Unfortunately, on the first play of the second half, he suffered a severe shoulder injury in the game after the combined 800-pound trio of Packer Willie Davis, Lion Roger Brown and Colt Gino Marchetti converged on the signal caller. Speculation persists to this day that Marchetti went out of his way to injure Ryan due to the perception that the quarterback ran up the score in the championship, with Marchetti's statement that he wanted "one more shot" at Ryan also fueling the rumors. However, a study of the film by Cleveland coaches in the weeks after the game exonerated Marchetti.

After winning the championship, Art Modell raised his salary to $25,000, up from about $18,000 per season.

1965
Ryan's numbers dropped in 1965, throwing for only 1,751 yards and 18 touchdowns. While his shoulder had completely healed, a sore elbow in training camp and an injured arch early in the regular season played a role in his completing fewer than half of his passes during the campaign. Those struggles resulted in a continuing cool relationship with Browns' fans, who booed him often during home contests. Part of Ryan's decline can also be traced to the absence of second-year wide receiver Paul Warfield, who missed much of the season after suffering a double fracture of the collarbone in the team's first exhibition game. Despite this, the Browns reached the 1965 NFL Championship Game. Facing the Packers, he went 8-of-18 for 115 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions in the 23–12 loss.

1966
In 1966, he bounced back with a superb season, leading the league with 29 touchdown passes and finishing second with 2,976 yards despite playing with intense pain. Ryan's output helped alleviate the absence of the legendary Jim Brown, who had retired prior to the start of training camp. His 29 touchdown passes in 14 games ranks second in Browns franchise history to Brian Sipe, who got 30 in a 16-game 1980 season.

1967
On January 25, 1967, Ryan underwent an operation to repair the remaining effects of his injury. The surgery eliminated the pain, but also affected his throwing motion. In the 1967 season opener, Ryan's injury woes continued as he sprained both ankles in a 21–14 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. Battling through that malady, along with shoulder and knee troubles, Ryan led the team to a 9–5 record to reach the playoffs. The season would see Ryan suffering a concussion from a head-to-head collision with Dick Butkus. He was knocked out in the second quarter but came back to throw three touchdown passes in the third quarter to will his team to a 24–0 victory. Ryan later stated that it was this collision that necessitated the cervical disc replacement he underwent after retiring.

1968
Ryan's tenure as the Browns' starting quarterback came to an abrupt end following a 1–2 start to the 1968 season. Browns' head coach Blanton Collier replaced Ryan with Bill Nelsen, who went on to lead the team to a division title. The official conclusion of Ryan's time with the Browns came on September 9, 1969, when he was released, but new Redskins' coach Vince Lombardi quickly signed Ryan as a backup.

Washington Redskins
Despite throwing only one pass during the 1969 season, Ryan returned for the last of his 13 years in the NFL in 1970 before officially announcing his retirement on April 13, 1971. With his accurate throwing arm, his 14.7 yards per completion still ranks as one of the all-time leaders.

Academic career
Ryan attended graduate school during the first part of his playing career, and in 1965, he earned his Ph.D. from Rice. He worked for seven postgraduate years under G. R. MacLane, a leading geometric-function theorist, and produced the dissertation "Characterization of the Set of Asymptotic Values of a Function Holomorphic in the Unit Disc". In 1966, Ryan published two fundamental papers on the set of asymptotic values of a function holomorphic in the unit disc in Duke Mathematical Journal.

Ryan received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1965.

Ryan started teaching at Rice during his career and, during his time with the Browns, he became an assistant professor at the Case Institute of Technology in February 1967. Ryan had a full teaching load, which includes undergraduate and graduate courses, and conducting research in complex analysis. While at training camp, Ryan taught math in the morning and went to football practice in the afternoon. Ryan taught his last course at Case Western Reserve in the spring of 1971. He was promoted to associate professor that summer. After taking a leave of absence for the next three years, he resigned his faculty position in 1974.

Ryan learned computer programming and software through the Chi Corp., Case Western Reserve's then newly launched private computer company. He compiled advanced statistics to apply what he learned to football. The Browns were shown his results and liked the project but didn't offer the extra cash to move it forward.

Ryan's second career was fodder for many jokes by sportswriters. Red Smith wrote that the Browns' offense consisted of a quarterback who understood Einstein's theory of relativity and ten teammates who didn't know there was one. Ryan was somewhat put off by the focus on his academic life, as he considered himself to be a regular football player.

Ryan considered Sir Edward Collingwood, an expert in meromorphic function and the theory of cluster sets, and Arthur J. Lohwater, the former editor of Mathematical Reviews, as mentors. Ryan had an Erdős number of 3.

Post-NFL career
Soon after his retirement from the Redskins, Ryan remained in the nation's capital when he was named director of information services for the U.S. House of Representatives. While there, he helped advance the computer age in politics by playing an integral role in establishing the body's first electronic voting system. This enabled voting procedures that usually ran for 45 minutes to be shortened to around 15 minutes. By the time he left the post, the office had an annual budget of $8 million with a staff of 225.

Ryan resigned that post to become athletic director and lecturer in mathematics at Yale University on March 7, 1977. Ryan served in that position for ten years before resigning to become the school's associate vice president for institutional planning.

During the late 1970s a Yale employee informed Ryan that many thousands of nude photographs of young men in front, side and rear poses with metal pins sticking out from their spines had been discovered in a room in Payne Whitney Gymnasium. Ryan investigated, finding that they depicted decades of Yale freshmen whose posture had been documented as part of a questionable study on the long-term effects of posture. Ryan then quickly called in a document-disposal expert who shredded and then burned the photos.

Ryan was a member of the Rice board of governors from 1972 to 1976 and was recognized as a distinguished alumnus in 1987. Ryan became vice president for external affairs at Rice in August 1990, increasing annual gifts to the university to a three-year average of $32.8 million for the fiscal years 1992–94 from $21.4 million for the fiscal years 1988–90. In 1995, he resigned his post as vice president for external affairs at Rice, owing to differences with President Malcolm Gillis concerning the future course of external affairs. Ryan ended his institutional career as a professor of mathematics, and professor of computational and applied mathematics at Rice.

Ryan was president and chief executive officer of Contex Electronics, which designed and manufactured cable and interconnect products for the computer and communications industries. Ryan also served as director for America West Airlines, Sequoia Voting Systems, and of Danielson Holding Corporation. He was an advisory director of United Medical Care Inc.

In retirement, he ran a self-designed program that helps micro-analyze statistical behavior of the up-and-down pricing movement that underlies the pricing behavior of the futures market. He also worked on Oppermann's conjecture about the distribution of prime numbers.

Personal life
Ryan lived on 78 acres of heavily forested land in Grafton, Vermont, with his wife, Joan, a retired sportswriter and nationally syndicated columnist for The Washington Post. His wife was one of the first female sportswriters to ever grace a locker room (not to be confused with another sportswriter named Joan Ryan) and also wrote a book on women in sports. The two Texans met in college, fell in love with Vermont while Ryan was on staff at Yale, and had been married since their senior year at Rice.

Ryan died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at a nursing home, in Waterford, Connecticut, on January 1, 2024. He was 87.

NFL career statistics
Ryan ranks fourth all-time among Browns quarterbacks with 13,499 passing yards and second behind Brian Sipe with 134 touchdowns. His 81.43 passer rating is fifth-best, behind Milt Plum, Baker Mayfield, Otto Graham, and Bernie Kosar.

Ryan's career numbers (including years with the Rams and Redskins) were 1,090 completions in 2,133 attempts for 16,044 yards, 149 touchdowns and 111 interceptions. Ryan also rushed for 1,358 yards and six touchdowns on 310 carries.

Other sources

 * Grossi, Tony (2004). Tales from the Browns Sideline. (Champaign, Ill.): Sports Publishing LLC. ISBN 1-58261-713-9
 * Stewart, Todd, ed. (2004) Cleveland Browns 2004 Media Guide. New York: National Communications Group

title: Frank Ryan (American football)


text:
All Together Now (Beatles song)

"All Together Now" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles written primarily by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song was recorded during the band's Magical Mystery Tour period, but remained unreleased until it was included on the Yellow Submarine soundtrack. It was released as a single in 1972 in European countries such as France and Germany, backed by "Hey Bulldog".

Background
McCartney described the song as a children's sing-along with the title phrase inspired by the music hall tradition of asking the audience to join in. He also described a "subcurrent" in the song, a dual-meaning where "we are all together now.” According to music critic Tom Maginnis of AllMusic, McCartney created the song "to match the same light-hearted spirit" of "Yellow Submarine".

Recording
The track was recorded on 12 May 1967 at EMI Studios and mixed the same day, but was not released until 13 January 1969, when it appeared on the soundtrack album. George Martin was absent from this session, leaving recording engineer Geoff Emerick in charge of the control room. The song took less than six hours to record and was recorded in nine takes, the last of which was selected for overdubs.

Personnel

 * Paul McCartney – lead vocals, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, handclaps, percussion
 * John Lennon – double-tracked lead vocals (middle eight), backing vocals, ukulele, harmonica, handclaps
 * George Harrison – backing vocals, acoustic guitar, handclaps
 * Ringo Starr – backing vocals, drums, zill, handclaps
 * Personnel according to Ian MacDonald

Mark Lewisohn reported that the "party-style" backing vocals were provided by "whoever happened to be around".

Appearances and performances
"All Together Now" appears in an animated sequence in the film Yellow Submarine, and is also introduced by the Beatles themselves in a final live-action scene of the film. During the latter scene, translations of "All Together Now" into various languages appear written on-screen.

Paul McCartney performed the song live for the first time by any Beatle on 4 May 2013 at the Estádio Mineirão, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. He subsequently played it throughout his 2013–15 Out There tour.

Cover versions
"All Together Now" has been covered by various artists. Versions intended for children have been released by the Sugarbeats, the Bingo Kids, the Muppets and others.

André 3000 of the duo OutKast covered the song for a Nike commercial that ran during the 2010 NBA Finals. The song was released on digital streaming platforms in 2010 via Arista Records, and received a 5,000-copy limited release on a seven-inch record single on 22 April 2017 via Legacy Recordings for Record Store Day.

In May 2020, singer Lizzo covered the song for a commercial for Facebook's Messenger Rooms product.

title: All Together Now (Beatles song)


text:
File:Soporichtoetemich.jpg

Summary
this is an image of original cover of the Sopor Aeternus & The Ensemble of Shadows album, "...Ich töte mich jedesmal aufs Neue, doch ich bin unsterblich, und ich erstehe wieder auf; in einer Vision der Untergangs...".

Licensing
This image is intellectual property of Anna-Varney Cantodea; it is published by Apocalyptic Vision Records.

title: File:Soporichtoetemich.jpg


text: Category:Schools in Iran

title: Category:Schools in Iran


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crans-Montana

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. Scimitar parley 16:53, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Crans-Montana
Notability not established, presently reads like an advertisement. --Alan Au 00:28, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Major ski resorts are notable (e.g. Whistler-Blackcomb) and this one get 631,000 google hits. Pburka 01:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Notable. Themindset 03:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as above. --Several Times 14:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above. --Briangotts (talk) 19:11, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep hopefully someone familar with the resort can expand on it. Hansonc 22:30, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Pburka. …Markaci 2005-07-23 T 00:33:18 Z
 * Speedy keep. This town in Switzerland is famous as the site of the 1988 World Championship in Alpine Skiing. Martg76 07:58, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. One sentence that simply states what it is and where it is. hardly "reads like an advertisement." Kurt Weber 21:08, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page..


text:
Infrared multiphoton dissociation

Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase usually for structural analysis of the original (parent) molecule.

How it works
An infrared laser is directed through a window into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer where the ions are. The mechanism of fragmentation involves the absorption by a given ion of multiple infrared photons. The parent ion becomes excited into more energetic vibrational states until a bond(s) is broken resulting in gas phase fragments of the parent ion. In the case of powerful laser pulses, the dissociation proceeds via inner-valence ionization of electrons.

IRMPD is most often used in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy
By applying intense tunable IR lasers, like IR-OPOs or IR free electron lasers, the wavelength dependence of the IRMPD yield can be studied. This infrared photodissociation spectroscopy allows for the measurement of vibrational spectra of (unstable) species that can only be prepared in the gas phase. Such species include molecular ions but also neutral species like metal clusters that can be gently ionized after interaction with the IR light for their mass spectrometric detection.

Analytical applications
The combination of mass spectrometry and IRMPD with tunable lasers (IR ion spectroscopy) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for small-molecule identification. Examples are metabomics, where biomarkers are identified in body fluids (urine, blood, cerebrospinal) and forensic sciences, where isomeric designer drugs were identified in seized samples.

Isotope separation
Due to the relatively large differences in IR absorption frequencies that are due to different resonance frequencies for molecules containing different isotopes, this technique has been suggested as a way to perform Isotope separation with difficult-to-separate isotopes, in a single pass. For example, molecules of UF6 containing U-235 might be ionized completely as a result of such a laser resonance, leaving UF6 containing the heavier U-238 intact.

title: Infrared multiphoton dissociation


text:
User talk:Mya'sBlog

It started June 29, 1994 two days after my 17th birthday. Well my gift was a stage 2 of 4 tumor growing in the Thymus gland. Well it’s the hormone gland that makes boys men and girls to women and it goes away. Well mine didn’t want to go away so it started to attack my body. I’m 28 so I’ll tell my story now. A story from before my high school time to college & grad school and driving my car over the state of Louisiana. I’ve even wrote a 5book SciFi novel series with additional battles with illness. Finding my LoveHeartgirl. My issues with social and family a few secrets…trying the business & money game too. Hey get this my medical bills so far total over 1.5 million so yes i take donations & medical advice to.

Health infomation on the immune system, nerves, strength or on Myasthenia Gravis is welcome

Donations in a money order or cashiers check to AugustusIV POBox 83112 Baton Rouge, LA 70874

So enjoy the Ride.

title: User talk:Mya'sBlog


text:
Gunne Sax

Gunne Sax is a retired clothing label owned by Jessica McClintock, Inc., which specialized in formal and semi-formal wear for young women. Eleanor Bailey and Carol Miller co-founded the label in San Francisco in 1967, before partnering with Jessica McClintock in 1969 for a $5,000 investment.

The name "Gunne Sax" was associated with the label's roots in prairie, Victorian, and Edwardian-styled designs which drew on many elements popular in late-19th and early-20th-century American fashion such as lace, gingham, and calico. The enterprise was named after the "gunny sack" (hessian/burlap bag) or trim used on some of the earlier dresses.

Gunne Sax also manufactured renaissance- and medieval-inspired designs, with empire waistlines and center plackets, and used other historical costume elements such as corset-like laced bodices and puffed sleeves that tightened below the elbow, a style popular throughout the 1970s and 1980s known as "leg o'mutton." The earliest labels are known amongst collectors as "black labels". Black labels with the text “Gunne Sax of California” were used only in 1969, making them the most rare to find, though current market value largely depends on the style of the dress. Black labels with the text “Gunne Sax by Jessica” were used from 1969 through the early 70’s. A white “hearts label" was used for a short time following, until, during the mid 1970s and early 1980s, a larger label with scrollwork was put into use.

From the 1980s onward, Gunne Sax dresses tended to follow modern prom dress sensibilities, such as tight, strapless bodices and full skirts, favoring fabrics like satin, taffeta, and tulle. In 1999 taffeta was the number one seller paired with matte satin or brocade corsets, with an addition of skirts made in tulle or dotted swiss.

Gunne Sax also had a children/young girls' line referred to as Jeunes Filles.

In 2023, online retailer ModCloth released a limited collection of Gunne Sax clothing.

title: Gunne Sax


text:
Ich töte mich...

"...Ich töte mich jedesmal aufs Neue, doch ich bin unsterblich, und ich erstehe wieder auf; in einer Vision des Untergangs..." (German:"...I kill myself every time anew, but I am immortal, and I rise again; in a vision of Doom.."; usually referred to as "...Ich töte mich...") is the debut album by darkwave band Sopor Aeternus & the Ensemble of Shadows, and was released in 1994. The original pressing had no title, though the "...Ich töte mich..." line was printed in blackletter on the back cover; later editions identified the printed sentence as the official title. Originally released as a limited edition of 1,000, the album has been re-released at least three times.

Overview
"...Ich töte mich..." consists of baroque-tinged neo-medieval music and is heavily punctuated by drum machines and pipe organs. Much of the instrumentation is synthesized due to a low budget; the album features guitar performed by Gerrit Fischer on its final tracks. Sopor Aeternus would not return to prominent synthesizer use until 2004's La Chambre D'Echo – Where the dead Birds sing. "...Ich töte mich..." features several elements of the musical project's traditional musicality, including the use of brass and woodwinds throughout. "Birth - Fiendish Figuration" would go on to be re-recorded at least three more times on later albums, while "Tanz der Grausamkeit" would be re-recorded as "Saltatio Crudelitas" for Todeswunsch - Sous le soleil de Saturne and the raucous "Do you know my Name?" would receive equal treatment on Flowers in Formaldehyde.

In 1999, "...Ich töte mich..." was re-released with slightly different artwork and seven bonus tracks, including a couple of demos; "Baptisma", "Beautiful Thorn" and the second half of "The Feast of Blood" (from Es reiten die Toten so schnell...) were re-issued on this pressing. All of the bonus songs were later re-recorded for the 2003 album "Es reiten die Toten so schnell" (or: the Vampyre sucking at his own Vein).

The album has since been re-issued twice with different artwork; once in 2004, and again in 2008. The artwork for the 2004 edition stresses that the full recording consists of demos, and the accompanying press release from Apocalyptic Vision suggested to purchase "...Ich töte mich..." after one is already acquainted with Sopor Aeternus' music. This press release was later removed from the website. The subtitles of songs were not printed on re-issues.

Personnel

 * Gerrit Fischer: Guitar on "Time stands still..." and "Do you know my Name ?"
 * Varney: Vocals, all other instruments and programming

title: Ich töte mich...


text: Category:Education in Iran

title: Category:Education in Iran


text: User talk:71.129.207.223

title: User talk:71.129.207.223


text:
Bad Taste Records

Bad Taste Records is a record label based in Lund, Sweden.

The record label was one of the first labels to establish in the Swedish punk rock and punk/hardcore scene in the early 1990s, together with Burning Heart Records. The name of the label originated from the movie Bad Taste by Peter Jackson.

The first release was put out in 1994, the EP Skate to Hell by Satanic Surfers. For a couple of years, they worked together with the record shop Love Your Records.

Today, the label has somewhat diversified, drifting from their original exclusive punk/hardcore orientation towards a more rock/emo/rap orientation.

Acts
Bands and other acts that have released records under the Bad Taste Records label include:

 * All Systems Go!
 * Astream
 * Chixdiggit
 * CunninLynguists
 * Danko Jones
 * David & the Citizens
 * Denison Witmer
 * Dropnose
 * Four Square
 * Early to Bed
 * ELWD
 * Embee
 * Hard-Ons
 * Intensity
 * Joey Cape
 * Langhorns
 * Last Days of April
 * Logh
 * Looptroop Rockers
 * Misconduct
 * Mohammed Ali
 * Navid Modiri & Gudarna
 * Once Just
 * Pridebowl
 * Promoe
 * Pyramid Vritra
 * Sahara Hotnights
 * Satanic Surfers
 * Svenska Akademien
 * Turtlehead
 * Quit Your Dayjob
 * Wilma Vritra
 * Within Reach

title: Bad Taste Records


text:
Jesus Christ Is Risen Today

"Jesus Christ Is Risen Today" is a Christian hymn. It was initially written in the 14th century as a Bohemian Latin hymn titled "Surrexit Christus hodie". It is an Easter hymn referring to the Resurrection of Jesus and based on Matthew 28:6, Acts 2:32, 1 Peter 3:18 and Revelation 1:17-18.

History
"Jesus Christ Is Risen Today" was first written in Latin titled "Surrexit Christus hodie", as a Bohemian hymn in the 14th century by an unknown author on manuscripts written in Munich and Breslau. In Latin, it had eleven verses. It was first translated into English in 1708 by John Baptist Walsh to be included in his Lyra Davidica (Collection of Divine Songs and Hymns). The verses of the hymn were revised in 1749 by John Arnold. Initially the hymn only had three verses translated with just the first verse being a direct translation; in 1740 Charles Wesley (one of the founders of Methodism) added a fourth verse to the hymn as an alternative, which was later adopted into the hymn as part of it. The hymn is also noted for having Alleluia as a refrain after every line.

The hymn is set to a piece of music entitled "Easter Hymn" which was composed in the Lyra Davidica for "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today". There was a later version of "Easter Hymn" composed by William Henry Monk which is also used for "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today". Some denominations of Christianity often just use one while some use both. The hymn is sometimes confused with "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today", which was written by Wesley. This is because the wording is similar and "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today" is usually likewise sung to "Easter Hymn" with Llanfair generally being the most common alternative.

title: Jesus Christ Is Risen Today


text:
User:Everyguy

My name is David Roberts and I do a lot of different things in real life. I translate Japanese to English, specializing in computers, semiconductors, electronics, and such. Previously, I worked as a translator and technical instructor at Nikon Precision Inc., a division of Nikon that sells steppers and scanners for semiconductor production.

I am the director for the San Diego, California chapter of Service for Peace (see our local page), and I'm the education pastor for San Diego Family Church, which is part of the Unification Movement.

I used to read encyclopedias for fun when I was a kid. I could easily spend all day every day on Wikipedia, so I try to limit myself. I tend to mess around with Wikipedia mainly when I should be doing something else, like working on a difficult translation or putting off an unpleasant responsibility. Still I feel I have made some useful, if minor contributions. I'm most proud of Stepper, which I wrote. I also feel I have made a substantial improvement to Hate Crimes, which actually is not a very interesting subject to me. I ended up contributing to it because it so obviously needed help. Maybe a controversial article like that needs an essentially disinterested person to touch it up from time to time.

I've recently developed a habit of looking up random US Navy ships and improving their articles by adding pictures or researching the Internet for more information. It seems the more obscure the ship, the better. I'm not sure why I do this. I'm not sure if it's healthy. But I imagine someone who served on that ship (or that person's father or grandfather) long ago looking it up, and discovering a nicely made Wiki page about it.

Recently I've been patroling the recent changes list for vandalism and quickly reverting it using Twinkle. This can be quite addicting. It's a thrill to catch people who would deface Wikipedia within seconds after they save changes and revert them, but its also quite frustrating when you realize how much vandalism goes on, and how much work goes into protecting Wikipedia from it. There is also a dose of humility that comes when you quickly revert something that looks like vandalism, but then take a second look and realize it wasn't.

title: User:Everyguy


text:
Bloody Tears

Bloody Tears may refer to:

 * Haemolacria, the medical condition where tears contain blood
 * Bloody Tears, a theme music in the Castlevania video game series
 * "Bloody Tears", a song by Army of the Pharaohs from the 2007 album Ritual of Battle

title: Bloody Tears


text:
File:Guitar Wolf - Kung Fu Ramone.jpg

Licensing
Album cover for Kung Fu Ramone by Guitar Wolf.

title: File:Guitar Wolf - Kung Fu Ramone.jpg


text:
Lillooet Cattle Trail

The Lillooet Cattle Trail, also known as the Lillooet-Burrard Cattle Trail and also as the Lillooet Trail, was an unusual and daring public works undertaking by the Province of British Columbia in the 1877, and was the largest 19th century public works expenditure at $35,000 of the new province since it joined Canada in 1871.

History
Faced with burgeoning stock populations in the Pemberton-Lillooet and Gang Ranch areas and a lack of easy access to the huge market supplying meat to construction crews of the Canadian Pacific Railway just east, largely because of a lack of bridge crossings of the Fraser River, the ranchers of the Lillooet area lobbied the provincial government, and MLA Humphreys, to finance a trail to the coast via the Pemberton and Squamish areas to the north shore of Burrard Inlet (i.e. what is now Vancouver harbour), at the mouth of the Seymour River.

The trail's route was improbable, to say the least, hugging seaside cliffs where, in places, trestles and floating platforms had to be built out above or onto the ocean and, beyond that, through marshes and heavy forests beset by infamously thick mosquitos and, lastly, a tortuous "stairway" section of the trail over the pass between the Squamish area and the head of the Seymour River, where cattle were expected to use steps on a trail that was nowhere more than 6 yards wide.

Only one formal cattle drive was ever held over the full length of the route and most head were lost; those that finished the trip were put out to pasture to recuperate, being too skinny to be worth butchering. The multi-thousand-dollar loss incurred by trail construction left a bad taste with the provincial government for many years, although the son of its main sponsor, a rancher from Pavilion, later became provincial Minister of Highways and Public Works. Bridges to serve the cattle ranches of the West Fraser, including the suspension-span at Lillooet, were built in several places by the 1910s, although too late to keep the West Fraser Ranches competitive with those in the Thompson and Cariboo regions.

The trail remained in use in later years for residents of the Pemberton Valley for general travel purposes, and at least two more smaller cattle drives from that region to Squamish were attempted, both financial disasters as was the original one from Lillooet. The roadbed of the trail remained in place for many years, its stretch from Pemberton to Squamish ultimately being subsumed into the grade for the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway through that stretch.

Route
Basically the route started from North Vancouver to Lillooet. The trail went through Britannia, Squamish, Garibaldi to Pemberton. From here it followed the Douglas road, but at this time the water routes were replaced with roads and the trail made it all the way to Lillooet.

title: Lillooet Cattle Trail


text:
Poling, West Sussex

Poling is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England, 2 mi southeast of Arundel on a minor road south of the A27. About 25% of the parish is wooded foothill slopes of the South Downs which is the area north of the A27 here.

The 2001 Census recorded 173 people lived in 75 households, of whom 96 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the population had risen only marginally to 174.

The small village has two Grade I Listed buildings: the Church of England parish church of Saint Nicholas, (in whose churchyard the cricketer Colin Cowdrey is buried), and part of St John's Priory (founded by the Knights Hospitallers circa 1140) beside the main road. Many of the cottages are Grade II listed.

History
Poling was an agricultural part of the Rape of Arundel, one of the traditional sub-divisions of Sussex and a former Norman barony.

In the Anglo-Saxon era Poling, like most coastal villages, had outlying areas of land in the Weald (forest) within Sussex used for summer grazing and timber production. Thus Poling gave its name to Pallingham north of Stopham and Pallinghurst west of Rudgwick. Poling also had land north of Petworth, then known as "Palinga Schittas", mentioned in a charter of AD 953. in connection with the pannage of pigs to feed on acorns.

Royal Air Force Station, Poling
RAF Poling was in use until July 1956. Thereafter, the cost of guarding the site was about £5,000, mostly before the technical equipment was removed in March 1957 when the guard was downsized; in February 1955, the wire fence was renewed for £2,000.

Parish church
St. Nicholas' parish church is on the south-east edge of the village next to Manor Farm and is reached by a footpath from Poling Street, next to the Old Vicarage. Burials in St. Nicholas' churchyard include the Kent and MCC cricketer and cricket administrator Colin Cowdrey (1932–2000) and the explorer, botanist, artist and colonial administrator Sir Harry Johnston (1858–1927), who lived at St John's Priory. Johnston is also commemorated by a wall plaque in the nave carved by the Arts and Crafts sculptor and typeface designer Eric Gill, who lived at Ditchling, East Sussex. The main typeface used on the plaque seems to be Gill's Perpetua, which he designed in 1925 but did not release until 1929. The lower-case typeface used for the Latin quote below is not presently recognised.

title: Poling, West Sussex


text:
Talk:Bad Taste (record label)

Untitled
It appears that Bad Taste Records is another Scandinavian record label but different from Smekkleysa. I will make changes @ bad taste records and any pages that link to it that needs to be changed. From the Bad Taste Records faq:
 *  #5. I heard / read somewhere that you released a record with Sigur Rós. Is that so?
 * No.
 * That's the "other" Bad Taste (the Icelandic / Danish one). However, if you like Sigur Rós, you should check out our band Logh.
 * That's the "other" Bad Taste (the Icelandic / Danish one). However, if you like Sigur Rós, you should check out our band Logh.

lol. —Tokek 01:49, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Title
Why is this article located at "Bad Taste" (a translation of the real name) rather than Smekkleysa? BLANKFAZE | (что??) 03:47, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Because Bad Taste is the name they use for the international market. Smekkleysa is for the Icelandic market only. That's all. Luis María Benítez 22:12, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bad Taste (record label)