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Talk:2005 Atlantic hurricane season/Archive 2

Dennis (the Menace?)
Since it is imminent that there will be land issues and there will be quite some to say, I think we should move the Dennis information to a new article, Hurricane Dennis (2005). (Not the main article yet, since that would be wait-and-see what it does in the Gulf - a Category 1 hurricane making landfall rarely gets retired unless it does strange things). Anyone agree? CrazyC83 6 July 2005 15:45 (UTC) (was 24.226.10.99)
 * I personally see no reason to make a (2005) article - if it still requires a year differentiator, then there's no reason to remove it from the year page and give it its own article. --Golbez July 6, 2005 15:49 (UTC)
 * I'm just thinking about the standard used last year, and that it won't interrupt the disambiguation page until Hurricane Dennis clearly becomes worthy of the main article (if he threatens as a major hurricane or appears likely to do great damage, then that is when the change should be done.
 * After all, what happens if Dennis hits Jamaica and Cuba as a strong tropical storm or Category 1 hurricane with moderate damage, but does NOT strength in the Gulf as expected and only makes landfall as a minimal hurricane? Two good examples of "jumping the gun" by the media were Bertha in 1996 and Bonnie in 1998 - both were quite threatening but weakened somewhat and neither were retired. Still, we should play a wait-and-see. CrazyC83 6 July 2005 15:57 (UTC)
 * Without tying us down to "criteria", I'll yield - a major hurricane in position to hit land should get a year-diffentiated article, and if it's clear it will be retired, move it to the main name article. However, this one is still a tropical storm, so ... also, we simply don't have enough information for a standalone article. Look how thin the narrative is. --Golbez July 6, 2005 16:03 (UTC)

Just to put it out there, how menacing is Dennis right now? It's still a tropical storm and we only have a vague idea of what he's going to do (nothing good, probably).

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 6 July 2005 17:33 (UTC)

 * We'll know how menacing he is soon - remember, Jeanne was but a tropical storm when it killed 3000 in Haiti. Also, Discussion 6 states that some models anticipate it reaching 121 kt, 139 mph. The official forecast of 100kt is acknowledged as a conservative figure. This is gonna be the first monster of the season and it's only early July. Gulf impact in 120 hours. --Golbez July 6, 2005 18:00 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a crystal ball. We can wait until we're reasonably sure it needs a page. -- Cyrius|✎ 6 July 2005 21:34 (UTC)

Jeanne was actually an 80 mph hurricane at landfall in the Dominican Republic. It also was very lethargic at that time, thanks to a weakening Ivan. Ivan blew apart the trough that was fueling Jeanne's stearing currents. This left Jeanne stranded on Hispaniola without a ride, much to the chagrin of a couple thousand Haitians. At this point, Dennis could do just about anything. But it's not like we can do much about it. We can pack up and leave town and that's about it.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 7 July 2005 01:14 (UTC)

OK, the Keys are being evacuated. The rule has typically (well, I've only been doing this for one season, but it was one dilly of a season) that storms only get articles if they are likely to be retired (Ivan, Jeanne, Frances, Charley), or if they are otherwise notable (Alex's northerly strengthening, Adrian's hit on Central America). I can't say right now Dennis is going to be a retired name - a lot of storms have hit the USA without being retired - but since we went four-for-four last year on hurricanes being retired, you can forgive me if I'm a bit punchy. Sure, it's a little self-centered to think about giving it its own article once America is in danger, but then again, it was going to cause lots of damage to Haiti and Jamaica, then this is about the time we'd give it its own article anyway. (Ivan deservedly got one earlier for beating the crap out of Grenada) Anyway, what I'm saying is - I think it's time we gave it its own article. All we're missing is a nice satellite image. --Golbez July 7, 2005 20:06 (UTC)

I was bold. --Golbez July 7, 2005 21:26 (UTC)

Can someone explain this?
From the article:
 * The season has gotten off to an unusually quick start, with two tropical storms forming in June and two in early July. The naming of Dennis on 5 July made it the earliest date on record for four named storms to have formed in the Atlantic basin. The previous record was held during the 1959 season, when Hurricane Cindy was first declared a Tropical Storm on 7 July (since 1959's third storm was unnamed, the fourth storm that year was given the "C" name).

What I don't understand is how the 1959 season is relevant? I mean, Cindy was not the fourth named storm, so how does it apply to "the earliest date on record for four named storms to have formed in the Atlantic basin"? --timc | Talk 8 July 2005 20:00 (UTC)

 * Naming conventions back then were different, and occasionally a storm would reach what we know as "named storm strength" (39 MPH or greater) and not be officially named. 1959 was such a case, where the first two storms were named Arlene and Beulah... but the third storm was only numbered (#3), even though it reached the proper wind speed threshold to become a Tropical Storm. Thus, the fourth storm to meet the criteria was given the C name - Cindy. Perhaps an edit to what you quoted would make it clearer, though... but I can't figure out how to word it. The Great Zo 8 July 2005 20:03 (UTC)

I think Timc is confused here. The Cindy we are refering to in that paragraph is Hurricane Cindy of 1959, not Tropical Storm Cindy of last week.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 8 July 2005 22:01 (UTC)

 * Actually, I wasn't confused about that. I was confused about the existence of a "named storm" which did not have a name.  Seems pretty odd to me. IANAM(eteorologist) --timc | Talk 11:56, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Should say "tropical storms" and not "named storms" due to the occasional unnamed storm, and the complete lack of naming in years past. -- Cyrius|✎ 23:02, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Tropical depressions
I'd say TDs should be given a place in the storms section, even if they don't become named storms (just for future reference). -- tomf688 (talk) 21:48, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the format that was on the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season page, where we listed all tropical depressions that didn't develop into tropical storms at the bottom of the page, below all of the other storm summaries. bob rulz 22:29, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm starting to worry that there won't be any that don't develop. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:05, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Just from memory, the last time that happened was 1996... and it's a rare event when it does occur. If I'm still feeling statistician-like a little later on perhaps I'll look it up. Will also shortly be updating that page I made to reflect Emily shattering the old fifth-storm record. The Great Zo 03:18, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well junk, that's what happens when I don't do my research first! 1998 and 1996 were indeed the last two years it happened. However, I did try to go look it up and realized that from the early 1990's on back, there are no records of ANY Tropical Depressions at all. Anyone know a reason for that, or a place I can find full records - if they exist? The Great Zo 04:55, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Records do exist, they just aren't very good. The NHC site has some and some are listed in the Monthly Weather Review.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 21:25, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Checked through everything I could find on the NHC site... as well as Unisys, WUnderground, USA Today, the HURDAT re-analysis stuff, and assuredly a few others... and it looks like the data from depressions which did not strengthen into tropical storms is completely unavailable from 1994 on back. From 1995 to the present, that information is fairly readily available at a number of locations.

 * The Monthly Weather Review articles you spoke of did discuss the depressions that developed into storms, in each storm's section. Only in the recent years have those articles added an addendum to the end to discuss un-developing depressions. The Great Zo 22:29, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Check here: I clicked on 1994 and got all the tropical depressions right off the bat. Looks like that prior to 1990, they only did the tropical depressions that affected land. You should be able to find all of them from 1990-1994 though.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 17:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Checked out the link, and I've seen that before too. Looks like 1991 and on is when they started listing depressions separetly. Not much I can do in terms of statistics, for this, since I've only got 14 years worth of data to work with before 2005. Two out of the 14 years featured all depressions turning into storms - but there's no way to get that stat from '90 on back. Thanks for the link! The Great Zo 03:30, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Question about the Naming List
The list for hurricane names on the National Hurricane Center website is as follows: Arlene Bret Cindy Dennis Emily Franklin Gert Harvey Irene Jose Katrina Lee Maria Nate Ophelia Philippe Rita Stan Tammy Vince Wilma

What will happen if the unlikely yet possible situation exists where the season surpasses Wilma? What names will they use for X, Y, and Z? why does it stop at Wilma while many of the other lists listed at here: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml stop at Z? Revolución 03:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * If the alphabetical list is exhausted, they start over at the top of the Greek Alphabet. The 22nd tropical cyclone would be Tropical Storm Alpha. Q, U, X, Y and Z are not used since there are not many names that start with those letters. CrazyC83 04:33, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there a source for this? -- Cyrius|✎ 05:46, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/tropics/tc_names.htm - one site I found, though it's mentioned on many. The Great Zo 16:43, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll believe it when I see it actually happen...er...uh oh. -- Cyrius|✎ 23:00, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, what few names there are that do begin with X, Y, and Z, are used for the Eastern Pacific list, which typically has more storms and DID exhaust its 24 name-long list in the 1992 season. However, they use only two names of these letters; you could consider those names to be their own list used every other year, with the other 21 names used every six years. --Golbez 04:44, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

They did exhaust it, but there were no more storms after the 'Z' name was issued, so they never had to come up with more names.

E. Brown, Hurricane enthusiast - Squawk Box 21:44, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

"The season has gotten off to an unusually quick start"
Okay, this is definitely not NPOV (what constitutes "unusually quick": subjective observation!)? But I know I've heard this before, and it's probably right, so does anyone have a source we can cite for that observation? 141.222.46.43 14:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm surprised. This sentence compares the history of other Atlantic seasons and notes that the number of named storms has increased "unusually quick." How is that POV? Marginally, you could call this original research, but not POV. Awolf002 15:14, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The research I've done (which has, to this point, also been stated by the NHC) suggests that "unusually quick start" is certainly valid. While my research is "original research" which we can't use in its entirety in the article, my sources are cited and as long as a source like the NHC agrees as we go along, some of the things can be posted in the article. "Unusually quick" may sound subjective but it can be backed up by the facts of how quick the season has spawned 3, 4, 5 storms. The Great Zo 15:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Anyone smell troll? --Golbez 17:47, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think it's valid, hardly trolling IMO.
 * Maybe just a language change would help. Because the "season" has a fixed start date, saying the season started quickly is imprecise at best, and "unusually quick" is even more subjective-sounding -- not that we don't know what it means, but let's be more precise.
 * How about: "Hurricanes formed unusually early in the season..." or something similar? DavidH 17:58, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

How is "unusually quick" subjective observation? If 10 seasons in a row start with one storm in August, and one starts with five storms in July (not exact situation, just forming an example), how would it be remotely POV to call that "unusually quick"? It's an objective assessment - the season started quicker than usual, and it was very unusual how quickly it started. --Golbez 18:45, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I commented only on improving the wording for clarity and precision -- storms (hurricanes, major hurricanes, whatever) formed earlier in the season than is typical, not just "the season" started quick(ly). Not commenting on POV at all. Stats to back it up would be best. Comment on the suggested change? DavidH 19:03, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess we could sanitize all language, but I prefer a little flowery prose now and then. --Golbez 20:05, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Quite, it's a simple statistical observation based on 150 years of hurricane records. This season has not followed the usual pattern of storm formation. It is not usual. It is unusual. The way in which it has not followed the pattern is by having storms form earlier. It is quick. It is "unusually quick". -- Cyrius|✎ 19:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I get that it's unusual...but still we can try for precision. The season did not start "quick", any more than winter or spring can start quick(ly). The snow can come early in winter. The storms can form quickly in the early part of the season. It doesn't change the start (date) of the season. The wording seemed a bit confusing is all. NBD (no big deal) and thanks for the feedback. DavidH 23:48, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I think I see the problem. You're focused on the official start/end dates as "the season", where we're looking at when the storms actually form. Remember that the start/end dates are merely semi-arbitrary markers, and hold no actual sway over hurricanes, which cannot read calendars. No, June 1 did not start quickly. But describing the rapid development of several storms earlier than they normally do as the season starting quickly seems perfectly straightforward to me. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Finally! I get what was meant by the "season started quickly." It just sounded confusing for average readers. A quick start is kinda irrelevant too. By that measure, 1992 was a really dull season, all the way til Aug. 24 before the "A" storm hit. DavidH 06:20, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * And after A, it had a slow, uneventful death, which makes it an unusually late starting season; what's your point? It's irrelevant as far as individual storms go; Alex last year was a late start, and was nothing compared to Andrew, while no storm has been as intense as Dennis this early. What's wrong with mentioning such things? --Golbez 15:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * 1992 was a really dull season, except for Andrew. It also started late. -- Cyrius|✎ 18:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * My point, just to discuss, like the page says. Wondering what everyone's particular interests are -- weather science, history, social aspects of hurricanes? Like to hear all perspectives. Thanks for the feedback and for all the contributions to storm articles. DavidH 19:45, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

How about a template?
I wondered if people think it would be a good idea to have a template for the foot of the seasons and storms articles? I imagine something like this (with the list of named storm articles completed of course!)--Keith Edkins 8 July 2005 09:41 (UTC)

 * Hmmm...sounds like an idea. However, I would definitely shorten the list of notable hurricanes and place only the most powerful and well-known hurricanes on there (Allen, Mitch, Audrey, Janet, Ivan, Andrew, Camille, Gilbert, etc), because otherwise the list would become way too long. bob rulz July 8, 2005 10:10 (UTC)

 * Is it possible to "bunch" the upper section of this into decades (with the exception of the current one). That would make it a bit nicer, I think. Awolf002 8 July 2005 14:16 (UTC)

 * How about a succession box, like this: (Note the current year would be bold and black on the actual page)CrazyC83 8 July 2005 17:57 (UTC)

The year box is terribly large for little added value, and the "notable named storms" will get just as overcrowded as the standalone article. The succession box uses more space for less information than the current setup, and the "notable storms" bit seems absolutely redundant in the article. I say leave it the way it is. -- Cyrius|✎ 8 July 2005 21:57 (UTC)

No. Please no. That's far too big, and it implies the years have anything to do with each other. It also has an arbitrary cutoff. The 5 year range box we have at the top of each season is sufficient, as is the List page. Please don't do this. We don't need a "succession box" at the bottom, either. Again, the 5 year range box performs both duties beautifully. --Golbez July 8, 2005 23:05 (UTC)


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 Update map!

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Perioeci

The Perioeci or Perioikoi (Περίοικοι, ) were the second-tier citizens of the polis of Sparta until c. 200 BC. They lived in several dozen cities within Spartan territories (mostly Laconia and Messenia), which were dependent on Sparta. The perioeci only had political rights in their own city, while the course of the Spartan state exclusively belonged to Spartan citizens, or Spartiates.

The name perioeci roughly means "those dwelling around/nearby", deriving from περί, peri, "around", and οἶκος, oîkos, "dwelling, house". Perioeci and Spartans were collectively called the Lakedaimonians.

They had a central role in the Spartan economy, controlling commerce and business, as well as being responsible for crafts and manufacturing, including producing the weapons and armour of the Spartan army, as the higher-ranking Spartan citizens considered all commercial and money-making activities to be unworthy of them. The perioeci were also the only people allowed to freely travel outside the Spartan state's borders, which the Spartans were not, unless given permission. Like the Spartiates, the perioeci owned helots and fought in the army.

Other major cities in the Peloponnese likewise controlled perioecic cities, such as Elis and Argos.

Origin
The polis or city-state of Sparta was formed during the Greek Dark Ages, controlling the plains around the Eurotas river. Those communities already existing in the area which could not be assimilated into the Spartan state, or subjugated as helots, became the perioeci. Whether they were Dorians like the Spartans, or descended from pre-Dorian populations in the Peloponnese, is unknown.

Status
The perioeci were free, unlike the helots, but were not full Spartan citizens. They lived in their own cities in the perioecis, which were described by ancient authors as poleis. These cities were under the control of the Spartan state, but were self-governing on domestic issues.

The perioeci were obliged to follow Spartan foreign policy, and supplied men to fight in the Spartan army. Like the hómoioi (ὅμοιοι, full Spartan citizens), the perioeci fought in the army as hoplites, probably in the same units. The perioeci had the right to own land, which would have been necessary to support those in the army.

In the Classical period, the Spartans were not permitted to engage in any economically productive activities, and so the perioeci were responsible for Spartan manufacturing, including producing weapons and armour, as well as conducting the trade that the Spartan state needed. For instance, the large number of masks and figurines dedicated at the site of the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia were probably produced by perioecic craftsmen.

Like the Spartans, the perioeci owned helots, which means that the main division in the Spartan society was between Spartan citizens and perioeci on one side, and helots on the other. For instance, in 413, during the Peloponnesian War, Athens made a raid on the territory of the perioecic city of Epidaurus Limera with the goal of triggering a helot revolt against the perioeci. Some helots could nevertheless be promoted to perioecic status by becoming neodamodes after military service, but Spartan citizens could not be demoted to perioecic status; there were specific underclasses for former Spartan citizens, such as hypomeiones, tresantes, etc.

In Aristotle's Politics
The perioeci are mentioned in Aristotle's Politics but in a much more general sense than merely as those within the Spartan state. In describing the ideal state, Aristotle believed that the actual citizens and members of the state should be the rulers, the warriors (those who are allowed to bear arms), the statesmen, and the priests but that those who perform trades, such as mechanics, craftsmen, husbandmen, and farmers should be either slaves or perioeci, because such professions are ignoble and do not produce virtue, according to him. In that sense, the perioeci are meant to be common to all ideal Hellenic states, as a sort of middle class whose ranks the slaves may aspire to join, below the citizens but above slavery. They are free men, but they do not own property and are not allowed to vote, hold office, or influence the state or the laws by any other means. When Aristotle mentions them, he sometimes refers to them as "barbarian" and implies that such non-citizen free men would be non-Hellenic foreigners.

List of perioecic cities
Graham Shipley has identified at least 33 perioecic cities, 23 in Laconia and 10 in Messenia, with various levels of certainty. He notes that many other identified settlements in Laconia and Messenia were probably perioecic, but it is impossible to prove their status with the current state of the evidence.

Messenia

 * Aethaea: perhaps founded in the 8th century BC, it was one of the only two perioecic cities with Thouria to join the Helot Revolt of 464. It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.
 * Asine: founded by exiles from the city of Asine in Argolis who had been expelled by Argos after the First Messenian War. It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.
 * Aulon: the city was lost by Sparta after Epaminondas's foundation of Messene in 369.
 * Kardamyli: It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.
 * Korone: The original name was perhaps Aipeia, but the city was refounded by a Theban oecist after Epaminondas' foundation of Messene in 369. Some modern scholars however think that the city did not exist before that date.
 * Kyparissos: the city was lost by Sparta after Epaminondas' foundation of Messene in 369, but some scholars suggest it only became a city after c. 365.
 * Mothone: founded by exiles from the city of Nauplia in Argolis who had been expelled by Argos after the First Messenian War. It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.
 * Pharai: The city was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.
 * Thalamai: the city was also listed as belonging to Laconia by ancient authors.
 * Thouria, one of the only two perioecic cities with Aithaia to join the Helot Revolt of 464. It was lost by Sparta in 338 after Philip II's campaign in the Peloponnese.

Named Perioeci
Individual members of the perioeci are referred to directly by primary sources such as Thucydides, Xenophon, and Diodorus Siculus

These named individuals include:

 * Phrynis; a spy.
 * Diniades; a fleet commander.
 * Eudicus; a cavalryman.
 * Dexippus; a military commander.
 * Neon; a mercenary.

Ancient sources

 * Aristotle,

Modern sources

 * Mathieu Aref, Grèce (Mycéniens-Pélasges) ou la solution d'une énigme (Greece (Mycenaeans-Pelasgians) Or A Solution To The Enigma) - Collection Mnemosyne (Mnemosyne Collection) - Paris 2004
 * Paul Cartledge, Sparta and Lakonia. A Regional History 1300 to 362 BC, Routledge, New York City, 2002 (2nd edition) ISBN 0-415-26276-3
 * Moses Finley, Ancient History, Evidence and Models, Chatto & Windus, (London 1985).
 * Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen, An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 * Edmond Lévy, Sparte : histoire politique et sociale jusqu’à la conquête romaine (Sparta: Political and Social History until the Roman Conquest), Seuil, coll. "Points Histoire" (Points of History), Paris, 2003 ISBN 2-02-032453-9
 * D. Graham J. Shipley, "'The Other Lakedaimonians': The Dependent Perioikic Poleis of Laconia and Messenia", in Mogens Herman Hansen (editor), The Polis as an Urban Centre and as a Political Community, Copenhagen, 1997, pp. 190–281.
 * Ibid., "Sparta and its perioikic neighbours: a century of reassessment", Hermathena, 181, 2006, pp 51–82.
 * Strassler, Robert B. The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories. Anchor Books, 2009.

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Atna, Norway

Atna is a village in Stor-Elvdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Østerdalen valley between Koppang and Alvdal at the confluence of the rivers Atna and Glomma.The Rørosbanen railway will stop at Atna Station by request. The Rondane mountains, Gudbrandsdal valley, and Ringebu are nearby.

An airstrip is a few minutes away from the brewery. Although regular, commercial flights are unlikely, the 500 m gravel strip is well maintained by skillful, voluntary villagers. It has seen an increasing amount of private traffic by culturally interested pilots. They seize the opportunity to refuel from the local pump and shop at the Coop. The local Glopheim Kafe is the only cafe in the country protected by the Directorate for Cultural Heritage. It is fully licensed and virtually unchanged since the early 1950s. The cafe serves guests with local specialties including the famous Atna beer. The closest place of accommodation is at Atna Camping which is a short walk from the centre of the village.

Landmarks
Atna is home to The Big Elk, a large sculpture of a moose located at the Bjøråa picnic area and rest stop off of the Norwegian National Road 3 which runs through the village.

Atna is also the site of the historic Atneosen Church.

There is a brewery founded by Morten M (of Verdens Gang) and a group of local investors including Sverre Oskar Øverby. The former has since left the brewery, which continues to brew natural beer using a rare post-fermenting process in the bottle.

title: Atna, Norway


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User talk:Capousa

Image copyright problem with Image:NO on CAFTA truck at Bush speech.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:NO on CAFTA truck at Bush speech.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 16:06, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

''Capo's note 5-21-07: Guess I should have taken less than a year to respond. I am the photographer and copyright holder for the photo that was removed for lack of timely documentation.''

John Birch Society
OK, I am not going to get into a debate with you about anything, and certainly not about the role I think the Birch society has played in American political life. The only comment I made, and I stand by it, is that if we are striving here for neutral and verifiable sources to back up the contentions made in our articles, then we ought to be at least a bit wary of using a John Birch Society quote that complains about another group having an agenda. In my view, Wikipedia ought to stay away from partisan sources and try to go with more mainstream sources. Tvoz | talk 02:16, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Tvoz, If you are comfortable deriving your POV based on what you are feed by "agenda-free" mainstream sources then I would agree a debate is not merited. Your position seems counter to the concept of Wikipedia however. If Wikipedia is just a rehash of material put out by "approved" mainstream media, what is the point? How long do you think Walter Duranty, Dan Rather and Judith Miller would have lasted on WP, even (or especially) if they had hidden behind pseudonyms? The truth is more important than the source.-- Jim Capo --Capousa 15:47, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Capousa


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Brisbane Entertainment Centre

The Brisbane Entertainment Centre is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in the Brisbane suburb of Boondall, Queensland, Australia. The centre is managed by ASM Global. The centre also houses a sporting complex and small function rooms which are available to hire for wedding reception and business functions.

The centre's large audience capacity is mostly used for the staging of concerts and musical theatre shows. It has also staged ice-skating shows, including Disney On Ice. The Entertainment Centre was also the filming venue for all three series of the original Australian series of Gladiators in 1995.

History
The Brisbane Entertainment Centre was built by the Brisbane City Council opened on Thursday 20 February 1986 with the first event being ice dancers Torvill and Dean. On 1 July 2002, the ownership was transferred to Stadiums Queensland. It has been operated since 1986 by ASM Global (formerly AEG Ogden Brisbane Pty Ltd).

Location and access
Located in Boondall, just off the Gateway Motorway, patrons can catch a Queensland Rail City network service to Boondall railway station, on the Shorncliffe railway line, or travel by taxi. There are 4,000 car parking spaces. Buses do not run to the centre even on event nights.

Venue layout
The centre has 11,000 tiered seats and a maximum concert capacity of 13,601 making it the largest indoor live entertainment arena in Brisbane and the second largest permanent indoor arena in Australia behind only the 21,000 capacity Sydney Super Dome (it is smaller than the 14,820 seat Rod Laver Arena and the 14,856 seat Perth Arena, though both of those venues have a retractable roof). It cost $71 million to construct.

The arena has an array of seating plans which facilitate the comfort of its users, subject to performance. Specific seating plans are usually allocated, depending on the performance and the size of its audience. The general seating arrangements are end stage mode, "in the round" and intimate mode, which only uses half of the arena.

Brisbane Bullets
From 1986 to 1997, the BEC was home to former National Basketball League Australia(NBL) team the Brisbane Bullets.

The Bullets won the 1987 NBL championship against the Perth Wildcats, and secured their second NBL championship at this venue as they completed a two-game sweep of the Wildcats 2-0 after winning the first game which was played at the Perth Superdome.

In 1987, the Brisbane Bullets won their second NBL championship and their first at the Entertainment Centre with a 2–0 series win over the Perth Wildcats (the Bullets previous championship win in 1985 was at the Sleeman Sports Centre).

In 1990, the Brisbane Bullets hosted games 2 and 3 of the National Basketball League Grand Final series against the Perth Wildcats, setting a new NBL attendance record for the time in Australia of 13,221 for game 2.

In 2007, the Brisbane Bullets won their third and last NBL championship when they defeated the Melbourne Tigers 3–1 in their best of five-game series. The Entertainment Centre was used due to a date clash with the Bullets then home, the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.

The Brisbane Bullets returned to the NBL in 2016–17 and will again play some games at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre.

Queensland Firebirds
The venue was the main home court for netball side the Queensland Firebirds, who won premierships in the ANZ Championship at the venue in 2015 and 2016. In 2019, the club moved all of their home matches to the newly constructed venue dedicated to netball, Brisbane Arena.

Other
The facility co-hosted the FIBA Oceania Championship in 2007 and 2011. Both times, the Australian national basketball team won the gold medal.

Notable events
The opening event for the centre was on 20 February 1986, featuring world champion British ice skaters Torvill and Dean. Ticket prices were adults $22.90 and juniors $15.90

In 1987, Michael Jackson performed during his Bad Tour for two sold-out shows on 27 and 28 November. On the 28th, Stevie Wonder appeared on stage and sang with Jackson.

Lady Gaga performed for more than 31,000 fans over a series of three sold-out shows in June 2012 as part of the Oceanic leg of her Born This Way Ball Tour (2012-2013). She had previously performed at the venue in March 2010 as part of The Monster Ball Tour (2009-2011) and later performed at the venue again in August 2014 as part of artRave: The ARTPOP Ball Tour (2014).

title: Brisbane Entertainment Centre


text:
Canadian Heraldic Authority

The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA; Autorité héraldique du Canada) is part of the Canadian honours system under the Canadian monarch, whose authority is exercised by the Governor General of Canada. The authority is responsible for the creation and granting of new coats of arms (armorial bearings), flags, and badges for Canadian citizens, government agencies, municipal, civic and other corporate bodies. The authority also registers existing armorial bearings granted by other recognized heraldic authorities, approves military badges, flags, and other insignia of the Canadian Forces, and provides information on heraldic practices. It is well known for its innovative designs, many incorporating First Nations symbolism.

The CHA is the Canadian counterpart of the College of Arms in London, the Court of the Lord Lyon in Scotland, the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland in the Republic of Ireland, and U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry for federal agencies of the United States.

History
Prior to the creation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority, Canadians wishing to obtain a legally granted coat of arms had to apply to one of the two heraldic offices in the United Kingdom: either the College of Arms in London or the Court of the Lord Lyon in Edinburgh. This process was quite lengthy—and costly. In addition, the heralds of the College of Arms and the Court of the Lord Lyon could sometimes be unfamiliar with Canadian history and symbols. In time, many Canadians with an interest in heraldry began calling for an office which would offer armorial bearings designed by and for Canadians.

As early as 1967, plans were reportedly in the works to transfer overview of heraldry from the College of Arms in the UK to Canada. The push for a wholly Canadian heraldic system came largely from the Heraldry Society of Canada (now the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada ) almost from its inception, though it was not seen as a priority by successive national governments. In 1986, Vicki Huntington, a politician from British Columbia, forwarded a brief written by the RHSC calling for the creation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority to a staff member in then-Secretary of State David Crombie's office. Mr. Crombie had his department organise a meeting in Ottawa the following year, to which many national and international heraldic experts were invited. The meeting concluded with "a strong recommendation to government that an Authority be created."

Two years later, Queen Elizabeth II issued the 1988 letters patent authorising the governor general "to exercise or provide for the exercise of all powers and authorities lawfully belonging to Us as Queen of Canada in respect of the granting of armorial bearings in Canada". These letters patent were presented by Prince Edward to the governor general on behalf of the Crown. Subsequently, the Governor General, Jeanne Sauvé, authorised the creation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority on June 4, 1988. As a result, Canada became the first Commonwealth realm outside the United Kingdom to have its own heraldic authority. Canada also provides full equality to women in terms of inheriting and transmitting arms. Additionally, all armigers within Canada may file for trademark protection of their grant of arms under the Trade-Marks Act.

Structure
The authority is located at Rideau Hall in Ottawa, the official residence of the monarch and the governor general. The governor general, as the personal representative of the Canadian monarch, is the highest authority in Canadian heraldry. Below the governor general is the Herald Chancellor, a position held by the Secretary to the Governor General. The CHA is currently organized in an office called the Chancellery of Honours, which is the same office that issues Canadian orders and decorations, such as the Order of Canada. The deputy secretary that administers the Chancellery of Honours is also the Deputy Herald Chancellor.

The Chief Herald of Canada, whose job is to oversee and direct all operations of the CHA, bears the main responsibility of granting arms, though the governor general has the authority to grant arms directly. The position of chief herald was inaugurated by Robert Watt at the inception of the CHA in 1988 and held by him until his retirement in 2007. Since May 20, 2020, the office of chief herald has been held by Samy Khalid.

Heralds of Arms
Below the chief herald are the Heralds of Arms, full-time workers at the CHA and considered part of the Public Service of Canada. The names of the various offices were taken from significant Canadian rivers. Though the titles are territorial designations, as per heraldic tradition, each herald serves the entire country. Each is assigned a badge of office. The Heralds of Arms are:

Honorary positions
The authority also allows for two types of honorary positions: Heralds Emeritus and Heralds Extraordinary. The emeritus title is reserved for Canadian heralds who have retired; the title of extraordinary is an honorary position for those who have made notable contributions to heraldry. Honorary heralds can be enlisted by the CHA to perform work for them. Each honorary position grants the individual a badge and a title also based on a Canadian river.

 * Current holders of honorary positions

 * Past holders of honorary positions

Eligibility
Any Canadian citizen or corporate body can petition for a grant of new arms or registration of existing arms. In general, eligibility for a grant of arms is based on an individual's contributions to the community, although the exact criteria for grants or registrations have not been published. A number of grants have been made to people who have already been recognized with state honours for their notable achievements, such as through admission to the Order of Canada, and who are accordingly entitled to a grant of arms. Those who are Companions of the order may also request the chief herald to grant them supporters.

Grant process
In order to request either a coat of arms, flag, and/or badges, a letter must be addressed to the Chief Herald of Canada. The letter must clearly ask "to receive armorial bearings from the Canadian Crown under the powers exercised by the Governor General" and include proof of Canadian citizenship or permanent residence as well as a biography or curriculum vitae of the petitioner. Corporate petitions must include a brief history of the company, proof of incorporation in Canada, financial reports, and a copy of the corporation's governing body resolution seeking a grant of arms.

The Chief Herald of Canada can approve or reject the petition. If the petition is approved, the authority to make the grant is given through a warrant signed by the Herald Chancellor or the Deputy Herald Chancellor. The authorisation is then sent to one of the heralds, and the process begins. The granting of arms is regarded as an honour from the monarch, via the governor general, and thus are bestowed only on those whom the Chief Herald has deemed individuals worthy of receiving a grant of arms.

First, the assigned herald develops a written description based on consultation with the petitioner. The petitioner then signs a contract with an artist at the authority to create the design. The Fraser Herald, serving as the CHA's principal artist, must review the design. At all stages the documents must be approved by both the petitioner and the Chief Herald. The final step is to prepare the letters patent, the official notice of an award of arms, which includes a drawing of the armorial bearings and the accompanying legal text and explanation of the symbolism of the bearings. Under Canadian bilingualism laws, letters patent are written in both English and French, though the petitioner may choose which language will be placed in the left column of the document.

Completed grant documents are recorded in the Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada and the notice of the grant is published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, under the section "Government House".

The Government of Canada requires that the above processes be financed by the petitioner; that is the person requesting the grant or registration of arms, who pays the fees associated with the request and grant/registration. In Canada, the petitioner does not "buy" a coat of arms, the arms themselves are freely given to qualified individuals, but fees must be paid to the heralds and artists for the services rendered. The average time needed to complete a grant is about 12 to 14 months, though it can take longer for particularly detailed or intricate arms.

Online grant application
From July 20, 2021, the Canadian Heraldic Authority announced on its Facebook page the launch of online grant application forms, in an effort to modernize the institution and make the "900-year-old tradition" available to all those who are eligible.

Registration of existing arms
Those individuals and institutions who already possess legitimate awards of arms may apply to the Canadian Heraldic Authority to have their arms registered. There is no cost associated with application for registration and it takes less time, approximately three months, than application for a new award of arms.

Blazon
The blazon, or technical description in heraldic language, of the full armorial bearings is below, along with its plain English description:

 * Crest
 * Upon a helmet mantled Gules doubled Argent within a wreath of these colours a lion passant guardant Or royally crowned Proper its dexter forepaw resting on an escutcheon Argent charged with a maple leaf Gules.
 * On top of a helmet with red and white mantling (stylised cloth streamers, here further stylised to look like maple leaves, as in the national coat of arms) stands a golden lion wearing a crown, holding in his paw a white shield with a red maple leaf.

 * Shield
 * Argent on a maple leaf Gules an escutcheon Argent.
 * On a white shield is a red maple leaf, upon which is another white shield.

 * Supporters
 * On a representation of an outcrop of the Canadian Shield proper strewn with maple leaves Gules and maple seeds Or two raven-bears Gules over Argent wings elevated Gules beaked and armed Or.
 * A portion of the Canadian Shield is shown covered with red maple leaves and gold maple seeds. Standing upon this on either side are two red-and-white raven-bears with golden beaks and claws.

 * Motto

Symbolism and use
The current arms of the authority were confirmed in a warrant by the Governor General on 15 January 1994, in honour of the authority's fifth anniversary, which was celebrated the previous year. The full armorial bearings of the Canadian Heraldic Authority incorporate aboriginal symbolism, as seen in the mythical raven-bears, as well as the national symbol of the maple leaf and the traditional Canadian colours of red and white, which were made official by King George V in 1921.

The crest is a modification of the Royal Crest of Canada: a lion wearing a crown and bearing a maple leaf. The crest of the authority features the same lion, instead holding a white shield containing a red maple leaf, symbolising the governor general's authority under the Crown to grant armorial bearings to Canadians.

The shield itself is white with a red maple leaf, similar to the middle portion of the Canadian flag. The white shield upon the leaf represents "a sign of heraldry to be created and recorded for Canadians."

The raven-bears, a new heraldic beast which combined several creatures that are important to aboriginal symbolism, were proposed by the heralds in honour of the United Nations' International Year of the World's Indigenous Peoples, also occurring in 1993. The raven-bears are standing on an outcrop of what is known as the Canadian Shield, a geological formation which the authority foundation is based on. The Canadian Shield is formed by rocks, which are covered in red coloured maple leaves and by golden maple seeds. The motto that was chosen is Latin for Let us honour those who honour our country.

The shield and crest alone comprise the heraldic badge of the CHA, which is used on the seal of the Authority and on the letters patent that grant and register armorial bearings. A wreath around the shield is composed of red maple leaves bound with gold straps.

title: Canadian Heraldic Authority


text:
Hey Bulldog

"Hey Bulldog" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles released on their 1969 soundtrack album Yellow Submarine. Credited to Lennon–McCartney, but written primarily by John Lennon, it was finished in the recording studio by both Lennon and Paul McCartney. The song was recorded during the filming of the "Lady Madonna" promotional film, and, with "Lady Madonna", is one of the few Beatles songs based on a piano riff.

It had a working title of "She Can Talk To Me". For many years, "Hey Bulldog" was a relatively obscure and overlooked song in the Beatles' catalogue; it has since been reappraised.

Background and composition
John Lennon began composing "Hey Bulldog", originally "Hey Bullfrog", after United Artists requested another song by the Beatles for Yellow Submarine, the upcoming soundtrack album for their animated film of the same name. Demo recordings made in the winter of 1967–68 at his Kenwood estate in Weybridge include the melody that later became the song's chorus, as well as a section working out the "she can talk to me" passage.

The finished composition of "Hey Bulldog" is in common time and employs a shifting key, changing between B major, A major and B minor. Commentators have variously described the song as hard rock, blues-based rock, psychedelic rock, pop rock, acid rock or a simple rock number. In a beginning reminiscent of the Beatles' cover of Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)", the song's opening piano riff is played in octaves before being doubled in a higher register by two guitars and a lower bass register. The song includes two bridges and two middle verses, with the bridge closer in style to a refrain. The song's introductory riff repeats throughout the song, appearing at the end of the refrain and the outro, as well as further influencing the refrain. The song's lyrics utilize heavy word play, which Lennon later said "[mean] nothing".

Recording
The Beatles went to EMI's Studio Three on 11 February 1968 to record a promotional film for "Lady Madonna", but decided upon arrival to record a new song instead. Lennon suggested his half-completed idea "Hey Bullfrog", which he and Paul McCartney finished while in the studio. McCartney later recalled misreading Lennon's handwritten lyrics, changing "measured out in news" to "measured out in you", which Lennon preferred to the original.

George Martin produced the session, assisted by balance engineer Geoff Emerick. The camera crew remained in the studio with the band as they recorded the basic track, featuring piano, drums, tambourine, bass guitar and rhythm guitar. As the band neared the end of the basic track for "Hey Bulldog", McCartney attempted to make Lennon laugh by barking like a dog. Lennon changed the song's name to "Hey Bulldog", though the title phrase does not appear until the outro.

After the band had recorded ten takes, the last attempt was marked "best". The camera crew left as the band continued working on the song with various overdubs onto take ten, including off-beat drums from Ringo Starr, a distorted Gibson SG from George Harrison for the song's intro, double tracked vocals from Lennon and a harmony vocal from McCartney. Borrowing Harrison's SG, Lennon recorded a lead guitar solo.

After the band finished adding overdubs, Martin and Emerick mixed the song for mono twice. While the Beatles would often ad lib offhandedly at the end of recordings, their other songs faded out before this became audible. Martin and Emerick decided to instead leave the dog barks, shouts and screams in the final recording, at one point adding heavy compression to some of Lennon's dialogue and dog noises. They raised the song in pitch slightly, running the playback fast. With the mono version intended for use in the animated film, Emerick returned to Studio Three on 29 October 1968 to mix the song for stereo, this version being included on the original soundtrack LP.

Release
Apple released Yellow Submarine in the US on 13 January 1969, with "Hey Bulldog" sequenced as the fourth track, between "All Together Now" and "It's All Too Much". Release in the UK followed four days later. Emerick praised McCartney's bass playing on the recording, describing it as his most inventive since that of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

During these sessions, a film crew photographed the Beatles recording the song at EMI's Abbey Road studios for a promotional film to be released during their scheduled four-month retreat to India (which was later edited together as a promotional film for the single "Lady Madonna").

The song was used in a segment of the animated film Yellow Submarine. Initially, it appeared only in some European theatrical prints. It was cut from the American version by the movie's producer Al Brodax as he and the group felt the film was too long. It was restored for the film's 1999 re-release. To promote the reissue, Apple went back to the original footage shot for the "Lady Madonna" promo film and restructured it for use as a promotional clip for "Hey Bulldog" (as it is possible to identify what they were playing, and therefore possible to synchronise the music with the original footage). The 1999 clip was included in the three-disc versions (titled 1+) of the Beatles' 2015 video compilation 1.

Personnel
According to Walter Everett, except where noted:

 * John Lennon – double tracked vocals, piano, lead guitar
 * Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, bass, tambourine
 * George Harrison – guitar
 * Ringo Starr – drums

Accolades
In 2018, the music staff of Time Out London ranked "Hey Bulldog" at number 28 on their list of the best Beatles songs. Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 81 in its list of the 100 best Beatles songs.

title: Hey Bulldog


text:
Phycobilisome

Phycobilisomes are light-harvesting antennae that transmit the energy of harvested photons to photosystem II and photosystem I in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae and glaucophytes. They were lost during the evolution of the chloroplasts of green algae and plants.

General structure
Phycobilisomes are protein complexes (up to 600 polypeptides) anchored to thylakoid membranes. They are made of stacks of chromophorylated proteins, the phycobiliproteins, and their associated linker polypeptides. Each phycobilisome consists of a core made of allophycocyanin, from which several outwardly oriented rods made of stacked disks of phycocyanin and (if present) phycoerythrin(s) or phycoerythrocyanin. The spectral property of phycobiliproteins are mainly dictated by their prosthetic groups, which are linear tetrapyrroles known as phycobilins including phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, phycourobilin and phycobiliviolin. The spectral properties of a given phycobilin are influenced by its protein environment.

Function
Each phycobiliprotein has a specific absorption and fluorescence emission maximum in the visible range of light. Therefore, their presence and the particular arrangement within the phycobilisomes allow absorption and unidirectional transfer of light energy to chlorophyll a of the photosystem II. In this way, the cells take advantage of the available wavelengths of light (in the 500–650 nm range), which are inaccessible to chlorophyll, and utilize their energy for photosynthesis. This is particularly advantageous deeper in the water column, where light with longer wavelengths is less transmitted and therefore less available directly to chlorophyll.

The geometrical arrangement of a phycobilisome is very elegant in an antenna-like assembly. It results in 95% efficiency of energy transfer.

Evolution and diversity
There are many variations to the general phycobilisome structure. Their shape can be hemidiscoidal (in cyanobacteria) or hemiellipsoidal (in red algae). Species lacking phycoerythrin have at least two disks of phycocyanin per rod, which is sufficient for maximum photosynthesis.

The phycobiliproteins themselves show little sequence evolution due to their highly constrained function (absorption and transfer of specific wavelengths). In some species of cyanobacteria, when both phycocyanin and phycoerythrin is present, the phycobilisome can undergo significant restructuring as response to light color. In green light the distal portions of the rods are made of red colored phycoerythrin, which absorbs green light better. In red light, this is replaced by blue colored phycocyanin, which absorbs red light better. This reversible process is known as complementary chromatic adaptation. It is the component of photosynthetic system of cyanobacteria, as a particle with which various structures are linked (i.e. thylakoid membrane, etc).

Applications
Phycobilisomes can be used in prompt fluorescence, flow cytometry, Western blotting and protein microarrays. Some phycobilisomes have an absorption and emission profile similar to Cy5, allowing them to be used in many of the same applications. They can also be up to 200 times brighter and with a larger Stokes shift, providing a larger signal per binding event. This property allows the detection of low-level target molecules or rare events.

title: Phycobilisome


text:
User talk:Cpadams

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

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Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:36, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cpadams


text:
Methyl isobutyl ketone

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, 4-methylpentan-2-one) is an organic compound with the condensed chemical formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)CH3. This ketone is a colourless liquid that is used as a solvent for gums, resins, paints, varnishes, lacquers, and nitrocellulose.

Production
At laboratory scale, MIBK can be produced via a three-step process using acetone as the starting material. Self-condensation, a type of aldol reaction, produces diacetone alcohol, which readily dehydrates to give 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (commonly, mesityl oxide). Mesityl oxide is then hydrogenated to give MIBK.
 * [[Image:MIBK synthesis.svg|450px|Synthesis of MIBK from acetone]]

Industrially, these three steps are combined. Acetone is treated with a strongly acidic, palladium catalyst-doped cation exchange resin under medium pressure of hydrogen. Several million kilograms are produced annually.

Uses
MIBK is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers, and certain polymers and resins.

Precursor to 6PPD
Another major use is as a precursor to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (6PPD), an antiozonant used in tires. 6PPD is prepared by reductive coupling of MIBK with 4-aminodiphenylamine.

Solvent and niche applications
Unlike the other common ketone solvents, acetone and MEK, MIBK has quite low solubility in water, making it useful for liquid-liquid extraction. It has a similar polarity to ethyl acetate, but greater stability towards aqueous acid and base. It can be used to extract gold, silver and other precious metals from cyanide solutions, such as those used in gold mines, to determine the levels of those dissolved metals. Diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), a related lipophilic ketone, is also used for this purpose. Methyl isobutyl ketone is also used as a denaturing agent for denatured alcohol. When mixed with water or isopropyl alcohol MIBK serves as a developer for PMMA electron beam lithography resist. MIBK is used as a solvent for CS in the preparation of the CS spray used currently by American and British police forces.

title: Methyl isobutyl ketone


text:
User talk:George...

Welcome!

Hello,, Welcome  to Wikipedia! '''I hope you like working here and want to continue. If you need help on how to name new articles, look at Naming Conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the Manual of Style. If you need general help, look at Help and the FAQ, and if you can't find your answer there, check the Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or the Reference Desk (for general questions). There's still more help at the Tutorial and the Policy Library. Also, don't forget to visit the Community Portal — and if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on my talk page.'''

Additional tips:
 * Here are some extra tips to help you get around Wikipedia:
 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * If you want to play around with your new Wiki skills, try the Sandbox.
 * Click on the Edit button on a page, and look at how other editors did what they did.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.  Always sign comments on Talk pages, never sign Articles.
 * You might want to add yourself to the New User Log.
 * If your first language isn't English, try Contributing to articles outside your native language.

Happy editing! ‡  Jarlaxle   23:38, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Claude Young

A tag has been placed on Claude Young requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. PanydThe muffin is not subtle 17:06, 3 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:George...


text:
Baby, You're a Rich Man

"Baby, You're a Rich Man" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as the B-side of their "All You Need Is Love" single in July 1967. It originated from an unfinished song by John Lennon, titled "One of the Beautiful People", to which Paul McCartney added a chorus. It is one of the best-known pop songs to make use of a clavioline, a monophonic keyboard instrument that was a forerunner to the synthesizer. Lennon played the clavioline on its oboe setting, creating a sound that suggests an Indian shehnai. The song was recorded and mixed at Olympic Sound Studios in London, making it the first of the Beatles' EMI recordings to be entirely created outside EMI Studios.

Lennon wrote his portion of the song after attending the 14 Hour Technicolor Dream, an all-night festival held at London's Alexandra Palace that served as a key event in the emergence of the counterculture in the UK. His lyrics address the "beautiful people" of the 1960s hippie movement and combine with the chorus to present a statement on the universality of non-material wealth. The lyrics have also invited interpretation as a message to the Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, and alternatively as a comment on fame. George Harrison performed the song during his visit to San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district in August 1967, at the height of the Summer of Love. The track later appeared on the Beatles' Magical Mystery Tour album. Parts of it were used in their 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine.

"Baby, You're a Rich Man" peaked at number 34 on America's Billboard Hot 100 chart. Among reviewers' varied comments on the song, Billboard admired it as "an Eastern-flavored rocker with an infectious beat and an intricate lyric", while Pitchfork has dismissed it as "a second-rate take on John Lennon's money-isn't-everything theme". In 2010, Rolling Stone ranked "Baby, You're a Rich Man" at number 68 on its list of the "100 Greatest Beatles Songs". The Fat Boys, Kula Shaker and the Presidents of the United States of America are among the artists who have covered the song. The Beatles recording was used at the end of the 2010 film The Social Network, about the rise of Facebook.

Background
"Baby, You're a Rich Man" was the result of combining two unfinished songs written by Lennon and McCartney, in a similar fashion to "A Day in the Life" and "I've Got a Feeling". The working title, based on Lennon's verses, was "One of the Beautiful People", to which McCartney added the "Baby, you're a rich man" chorus. In a 1980 interview, Lennon described it as "two separate pieces ... forced into one song". The two songwriters worked on the composition at McCartney's London home, on Cavendish Avenue in St John's Wood.

During the 1960s, "beautiful people" was the term adopted by Californian hippies to refer to themselves. According to author Barry Miles, who was among the leading figures in the UK underground in 1967, Lennon drew inspiration for the song from newspaper articles on the emerging hippie phenomenon. It is thought that McCartney wrote his section about the band's manager, Brian Epstein. Lennon's lyrics are in the form of a question-and-answer exchange, similar to that used by him and McCartney in "With a Little Help from My Friends". Musicologist Walter Everett writes that the song "asks an unnamed Brian Epstein what it's like to be one of the 'beautiful people'"; Everett adds: "This appellation was used of both communal hippies and those who mingle with the most celebrated entertainers." Lennon claimed that the meaning of the song was that everybody is a rich man, saying, "The point was stop moaning. You're a rich man and we're all rich men." George Harrison said the message was that all individuals are wealthy within themselves, regardless of material concerns.

According to author and critic Ian MacDonald, Lennon was most likely inspired to write the verses after attending the 14 Hour Technicolor Dream, an all-night festival held at Alexandra Palace in north London on 29 April 1967. Attended by 10,000 people, this musical and performance art event was a fundraiser for the proprietors of the underground newspaper International Times, after a police raid had forced the closure of their offices; in MacDonald's description, it marked the first large-scale coming together of Britain's "beautiful people". Writing in 1981 on the musical and societal developments of 1967, sociomusicologist Simon Frith said that this event was one of the "multi-media happenings" that reflected the new aesthetic represented by English psychedelia, whereby "Dancing became less important than listening" and fashion embraced vivid colours while retaining "the mod concern for looking smart". Frith added: "Psychedelia was essentially elitist but the joy of psychedelic pop was that it made everyone part of the elite."

Composition
The song's principal key is G major in Mixolydian mode, and the time signature throughout is 4/4. Its structure comprises an intro, two verses and a chorus, followed by a third verse and repeated choruses. From its opening chord of G major, the verses introduce a ♭VII/I (Fadd9/G), a chord change that constitutes a pedal point on G (sustained harmonic tone) and so recalls some of the Beatles' Indian-inspired melodies from Revolver. Among musicologists, Everett says that from the seventh bar of the verse, C major is revealed as the true key, whereas Alan Pollack writes that the emphasis given to C major at the end of the musical phrases instead suggests "a perilously high center of gravity with respect to G being the home key". The Indian influence is heightened on the band's recording of the song through the use of gamak melodies in the accompaniment. Pollack considers a notable aspect of the chorus to be the bass move from C to G via a ♭III (B♭). According to MacDonald, the song's loose, swinging rhythm, which he describes as "chugging pseudo-march", suggests the influence of the Four Tops' 1966 hit single "Reach Out I'll Be There".

Author and critic Kenneth Womack comments that the lyrics appear to "address issues of wealth and celebrity" for listeners unfamiliar with the countercultural concept of "beautiful people". The song reflects the Beatles' disdain for consumerism and materialism, a theme that, inspired by the band members' use of the hallucinogenic drug LSD, they introduced in the lyrics to Revolver tracks such as "And Your Bird Can Sing". Authors Russell Reising and Jim LeBlanc highlight the lines "You keep all your money in a big brown bag inside a zoo / What a thing to do" as particularly dismissive of the acquisition and hoarding of material wealth. The same authors recognise an element of ridicule towards some of the "beautiful people", specifically those that, in Lennon's words, travel no further than "As far as the eye can see" and, even then, see "Nothing that doesn't show". Music critic Tim Riley identifies a droll quality in the answers that Lennon provides to his own questions. With regard to the song's message, he writes: "It's clear that they understand their position: if the Beatles are beautiful people, by extension their listeners become beautiful people ('Baby, you're a rich man, too')."

Recording
The recording of "Baby, You're a Rich Man" took place during a period when, free of deadlines following the completion of their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in April 1967, the Beatles worked on songs for the United Artists animated film Yellow Submarine and for what became the band's television film Magical Mystery Tour. They recorded "Baby, You're a Rich Man" in a six-hour session, starting at 9 pm on 11 May, at Olympic Sound Studios in Barnes, south-west London. The session marked a rare example of the Beatles recording outside of EMI's facility at Abbey Road, after the band had briefly used Regent Sound in central London during the sessions for Sgt. Pepper. The engineers assisting George Martin, the Beatles' producer, were Olympic manager Keith Grant and Eddie Kramer. Mick Jagger, whose band the Rolling Stones regularly used the same studio, also attended the session.

The song was mixed, in mono only, that same day. The music features an unusual oboe-like sound reminiscent of an Indian shehnai, which was created with a clavioline, an early, three-octave forerunner of the synthesizer. Being a monophonic keyboard, it was capable of sounding only one note at a time; according to music journalist Gordon Reid, citing a report from the session, Lennon created the trill sound "by rolling an orange up and down the keyboard" of the clavioline. Musicologist William Echard cites the clavioline part as an example of a psychedelic feature he calls a "garble line" – a musical part that "often meanders widely through pitch space, following a rhythmic profile that does not adhere strongly to the prevailing harmonic or melodic logic" – with "Orientalist connotations". A feed back delay effect known as spin-echo was used to fill from the end of one line of the verse to the start of the next. After Lennon had played piano on the basic track, McCartney overdubbed a second part, which enters at 1:45 and is heard in reverse over the third verse. In its doubling of the vocal line, Harrison's lead guitar mirrors the role of a sarangi in an Indian khyal vocal piece, an effect that Harrison first used on Lennon's song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".

Following the completion of Sgt. Pepper in late April 1967, the Beatles' recording sessions for the remainder of that year have been dismissed as uninspired by the majority of commentators. Kramer contests this view, however; he says of the Beatles' collaboration on "Baby, You're a Rich Man": "The energy level was so intense … that you were riding wave upon wave of amazing creativity. It was like watching a well-oiled machine. Just incredible." According to another Olympic staff engineer, Grant and Kramer were highly complimentary of Lennon as a vocalist and "couldn't believe anyone could sing that well". Aside from the clavioline part, overdubs on the track included maracas and tambourine, and vibraphone played by Kramer. Only a single note of the vibraphone is clearly audible throughout the track, at the 0:53 mark. McCartney recalled the six-hour session as an energetic one and "rather exciting", adding: "Keith Grant mixed it, instantly, right there. He stood up at the console as he mixed it, so it was a very exciting mix, we were really quite buzzed."

During the session, Lennon changed a line in the chorus to "Baby, you're a rich fag Jew". According to author Bob Spitz, this was either a joke at the expense of Epstein or a provocation in reaction to the band's former moptop image. Spitz writes that the session tapes also reveal Lennon improvising similarly "wicked" remarks about McCartney, Ringo Starr and Jagger. Partly as a result of these disruptions, the Beatles required twelve takes before they achieved a satisfactory rhythm track. The group enjoyed working at Olympic Sound, which was an independent facility, free of record company control. They returned to Barnes on 14 June to record the basic track for "All You Need Is Love".

Release
"Baby, You're a Rich Man" was initially submitted for inclusion in Yellow Submarine. While parts of the song were used in the film, its initial release was as the B-side of "All You Need Is Love", which the Beatles performed on the Our World satellite broadcast on 25 June 1967 and then rush-released as a single. The release took place on 7 July in the United Kingdom and on 17 July in the United States. "All You Need Is Love" topped singles charts in many countries around the world. In the United States, the B-side also charted in its own right, peaking at number 34 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 60 on the Cash Box Top 100. In Australia, it was listed with "All You Need Is Love", as a double A-side, when the single topped the Go-Set national chart.

The single followed soon after Sgt. Pepper, which historian David Simonelli describes as "the most important cultural moment of 1967" through its resonance "across every boundary of class, age, gender, race and geography". Both records provided a soundtrack to that year's Summer of Love, a phenomenon that marked the full emergence of the 1960s counterculture. The Beatles were viewed as leaders of the counterculture and, during July and August, pursued interests related to the same utopian-based ideology. In a 1970 interview, when asked about Haight-Ashbury, the district of San Francisco that represented "the city of the beautiful people" in 1967, Lennon recalled that he was "all for going and living" there, but "George went over in the end." During this visit, on 7 August, Harrison was handed an acoustic guitar in Golden Gate Park and briefly performed "Baby, You're a Rich Man", leading a crowd around in a manner that press reports likened to the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

Although the visit was viewed as the Beatles' endorsement of a youth movement that they helped inspire, Harrison was disappointed at how Haight-Ashbury represented a haven for dropouts and drug addicts, rather than a community looking to explore the possibility of enlightenment that LSD presented. On his return to London, he shared this disillusionment with Lennon. The pair subsequently became avid supporters of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation technique, after the Beatles had attended a seminar by the Maharishi in Bangor, Wales, where they publicly disavowed LSD on 26 August. In light of this development, author Nicholas Schaffner wrote that "Baby, You're a Rich Man", like "Strawberry Fields Forever", revealed the "redundant" aspect of repeated LSD "trips" after the initial sense of spiritual euphoria awakened by the drug, in that the songs "tend[ed] to provide more riddles than solutions".

Against the Beatles' wishes, Capitol Records, EMI's North American affiliate, included "Baby You're a Rich Man" and other tracks from the band's 1967 singles on the US album Magical Mystery Tour, released in November that year. In the company's rush to prepare the album, a duophonic (or "mock stereo") mix of the song was used for the stereo version of the LP. While parts of the song were used in the 1968 film Yellow Submarine, it was not included on the accompanying soundtrack album. The sequence for "Baby, You're a Rich Man" appears towards the end of the film, when Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band have been released from the paralysis initiated by the Blue Meanies' hatred of music. Later editions of the US single include a voice saying the end of the word "Seven" or "Eleven" before the track starts.

Critical reception
Writing in the NME in July 1967, Derek Johnson commented on the song's modern qualities relative to the sing-along style of the A-side. He highlighted Lennon's falsetto singing, the recording's "Oriental instrumentation and … unusual shuffle beat, emphasised by handclaps", and concluded: "The whole effect is startling and packed with interest from the word go." Billboard's reviewer described it as "an Eastern-flavored rocker with an infectious beat and an intricate lyric". In one of the first cultural essays to acknowledge the Beatles' impact on American culture in a meaningful way, for the journal Partisan Review, Richard Poirier cited both sides of the single as a "particularly brilliant example" of how contemporary British rock bands had "restor[ed] to good standing ... the simplicities that have frightened us into irony and the search for irony". He described the musical backing on "Baby, You're a Rich Man" as "bursts of sitar music and the clip-clopping of Indian song", which combined to "operate in the manner of classical allusion in Pope", and he admired the lyrics' satirical quality, saying that they were superior to Lennon's Edward Lear-inspired poetry writing.

In his feature article on the clavioline for Sound on Sound magazine, Gordon Reid pairs the song with the Tornados' 1962 hit "Telstar" as the two seminal pop recordings made with the instrument. In his assessment of "Baby, You're a Rich Man", Ian MacDonald welcomes the use of clavioline, saying that it evokes "a beguiling joss-stick exoticism", and he praises Starr's drumming as the equal of his performance on the song "Rain". MacDonald bemoans the lack of focus evident in this and other Beatles recordings from the immediate post-Sgt. Pepper period, however; he says that, while "Baby, You're a Rich Man" demonstrates the band's command of musical "feel" and "black-white acid-dance fusion" a year ahead of the Rolling Stones, McCartney's choruses are weak and, overall, the song is devoid of "well-crafted music". Tim Riley says that the July 1967 single offers two pieces that are "Not such bad notions in themselves, except that they sound spent." Riley criticises the song's lyrics as "lacking in purpose" and says that, although the "snake-charming Clavioline" provides a degree of interest, "There's no center to this music … 'Help!' and 'Drive My Car' addressed the fallacies of fame from cynical impulses; 'Baby, You're a Rich Man' flounders in privileged emptiness."

Writing for Mojo in 2003, Martin O'Gorman paired "Baby, You're a Rich Man" with Harrison "It's All Too Much" as two of the Beatles' "most sonically intriguing, but unfocused tracks". In a 2009 review of Magical Mystery Tour, Scott Plagenhoef of Pitchfork dismissed the song as "a second-rate take on John Lennon's money-isn't-everything theme from the considerably stronger 'And Your Bird Can Sing'". He added that it was "the one lesser moment on an otherwise massively rewarding [album]". Dan Caffrey of Consequence of Sound writes that, while it lacks the wholly universal scope of other songs by the band, "it's a nice little Lennon morality ditty on the perils of materialism with some innovative work with the clavioline from Lennon." Music critic Jim DeRogatis considers the track to be one of the Beatles' best psychedelic rock songs and an effective comment on Britain's first major countercultural happening. In 2010, "Baby, You're a Rich Man" was ranked at number 68 in Rolling Stone 's list of the 100 greatest Beatles songs. The magazine's editors wrote: "Lennon's deeply stoned delivery and abstract questions about 'the beautiful people' captured the playfully spaced-out mood of the summer of 1967 – a spirit the Beatles were more tapped into than anyone."

Remixes, further releases and cover versions
George Martin and recording engineer Geoff Emerick created the first true stereo mix of the song when preparing a 1971 German release of the Magical Mystery Tour album. Unable to recreate the spin-echo effect that had been introduced at the mixing stage of the original recording, they simply omitted it. The mix was completed on 22 October 1971. It was first made available in Britain in December 1981, when "Baby, You're a Rich Man" was included on a bonus EP containing previously unissued stereo mixes in the box set The Beatles EP Collection.

"Baby, You're a Rich Man" was mixed in stereo for a second time for the 1999 DVD release of the Yellow Submarine film and the accompanying Yellow Submarine Songtrack album. Portions of Lennon's clavioline part appear in the Love version of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", released in 2006. Elements of "Baby, You're a Rich Man" also appear in the remix of "All You Need Is Love", which closes the Love album. In 2009, remastered stereo and mono Magical Mystery Tour CDs were released.

The Beatles' recording plays at the end of The Social Network, a 2010 film directed by David Fincher about the rise of Facebook and its co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg (played by Jesse Eisenberg). Noel Murray and Matt Singer of The Dissolve include this appearance among the five most effective uses of a Beatles song in a feature film, describing it as the "perfect musical summation for The Social Network". According to Inkoo Kang of Slate magazine, the Beatles "sing-taunt" Zuckerberg with the song's chorus; in Murray and Singer's description, "Baby, You're a Rich Man" appears to "ask Zuckerberg all of our questions about what he's done", after he has developed Facebook into a billion-dollar company and, in the final scene, "sits triumphant – and totally alone".

American rappers the Fat Boys covered "Baby, You're a Rich Man" and performed it in the 1987 comedy film Disorderlies. Hip-hop duo P.M. Dawn incorporated the "How does it feel to be one of the beautiful people?" line into their song "The Beautiful", from the 1991 album Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience. They also replicated part of the music from "Baby, You're a Rich Man" in their track, having been denied permission to sample the Beatles' version. The song has also been covered by Kula Shaker, the Presidents of the United States of America and Umphrey's McGee.

Personnel
According to Mark Lewisohn and Ian MacDonald:

The Beatles
 * John Lennon – double-tracked lead vocal, piano, clavioline
 * Paul McCartney – backing vocals, bass, piano
 * George Harrison – backing vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar, handclaps
 * Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine, maracas, handclaps

Additional musicians
 * Eddie Kramer – vibraphone
 * Mick Jagger – backing vocals

title: Baby, You're a Rich Man


text:
User talk:Vreejack

Welcome!
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— Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 23:39, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Arnaldo Lerma
+ That's a good point. When I first read the article I could not figure out whether-or-not RTC won their case. Of course I remember the case so I knew the outcome, but I think that most readers would have been left scratching their heads. The case and its aftermath were very important to the internet community. --Vreejack 04:09, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi Vreejack. Thanks for your comment. Some other users have been constantly reverting my work even when I am correct, just to oppose me. Thank you for not being one of "them." --AI 05:08, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Non-random
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Science lovers wanted!
{|style="background:#ccc; border:1px solid #6881b9; margin:0.5em; padding:0.5em;border-radius: 8px;" !colspan=2 style="font-size:150%;"|Science lovers wanted!
 * Smithsonian logo color.svg
 * Hi! I'm serving as the wikipedian-in-residence at the Smithsonian Institution Archives until June! One of my goals as resident, is to work with Wikipedians and staff to improve content on Wikipedia about people who have collections held in the Archives - most of these are scientists who held roles within the Smithsonian and/or federal government. I thought you might like to participate since you are interested in the sciences! Sign up to participate here and dive into articles needing expansion and creation on our to-do list. Feel free to make a request for images or materials at the request page, and of course, if you share your successes at the outcomes page you will receive the SIA barnstar! Thanks for your interest, and I look forward to your participation! Sarah (talk) 01:11, 18 April 2012 (UTC)|}
 * Hi! I'm serving as the wikipedian-in-residence at the Smithsonian Institution Archives until June! One of my goals as resident, is to work with Wikipedians and staff to improve content on Wikipedia about people who have collections held in the Archives - most of these are scientists who held roles within the Smithsonian and/or federal government. I thought you might like to participate since you are interested in the sciences! Sign up to participate here and dive into articles needing expansion and creation on our to-do list. Feel free to make a request for images or materials at the request page, and of course, if you share your successes at the outcomes page you will receive the SIA barnstar! Thanks for your interest, and I look forward to your participation! Sarah (talk) 01:11, 18 April 2012 (UTC)|}

title: User talk:Vreejack