text:
Talk:Ashworth Hospital

Untitled
Removed editorialised title from a notable patient, John Jenkins, to comply with Wikipedia standards Badspyro 11:37, 7 November 2014 (GMT)

I have edited the descriptions of Ashworth (i) to reflect the fact that is a psychiatric hospital, as opposed to the vague term 'institution'; (ii) to correct the use of the term 'mental' hospital which is outdated and potentially offensive.--Greatest hits 17:53, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Ashworth is a HOSPITAL. It exists to provide treatment to people who are ill. Is it appropriate for this page to link to indivdual patients details? The hospital itself will never confirm or deny the presence of any indidual as a resident or not ...

GraemeE17 20:49, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Is there a difference between those who are ill and those who are "criminally insane"?--Jirate 20:58, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Depends on your definition of "insane" - I happen to believe that people experiencing mental *illness* deserve treatment (and protection) and, indeed, that its a marker for the civilisation of a society whether or not this is provided. High secure hospitals in the UK work with people who may have done unpleasant things, but if they were sent to hospital rather than prison it is because the court decided that they were not responsible for their actions at the time. So I don't think that "criminally insane" is a useful concept - every human being is potentially vulnerable to mentall illness, anyone sufficiently mentally ill could be capable of reacting inappropriately - possibly (though rarely) violently - to a given situation.

Its a sort of there but for the grace of god approach, I guess? GraemeE17 22:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * In the case of Brady he doesn't have a problem with people knowing where he is. Who's privacy are you worried about?--Jirate 23:35, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Dare I claim a point of principle? I don't actually care if any one person in Ashworth or any other hospital has (or has not) a problem with people knowing where s/he is (though some don't have much choice in the matter) but if you assume that its OK for one person's name to be banded about (check out the tabloids some time) then its potentially open season on everyone else. Which is what I care about. Sorry if you don't.

GraemeE17 00:31, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I think your making a gross exgageration. Do you think the Ian Brady article should mention his current location. The point of the article is to describe Ashworth and whilst Brady is not typical having a reference to him aides that.--Jirate 00:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Actually, no, I don't think biographies on anyone should mention their current location - I'm not posting my hoome address and I'm choosing to do this. More to the point, though, I'm not sure what this "aids" - the demonisation of an individual or the acceptance of a HOSPITAL as a valid centre for health care and treatment?

GraemeE17 01:03, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * This is not about it's validity as a hospital and it's not about demonisation it about recording reality. The terms used to characterise the patients are very bland it doesn't provide a description.--Jirate 01:16, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Is the inclusion of a infamous murderer of children an asset to this article. I could see a patient inclusion if it were a noteworthy individual but not criminals.---John Lake 19:24, 3 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Your saying because someone is a criminal they cannot be notable? I think if you were asked if you had ever met any notable people then you would include Ian Brady, if indeed you had ever met him. EchetusXe (talk) 13:50, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

I heard the
siren this morning, I live in Crosby and I could hear them. Rmg12 (talk) 21:44, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Siren test
I can hear them in Crosby. Further away than Kirkby is I think —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.194.190.128 (talk) 16:20, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * A recording would be great, yoyu could make it public domain and add to the article. Ryan 4314   (talk) 12:08, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131005191801/http://www.merseycare.nhs.uk/What_we_do/CBUs/High_Secure/High_Secure_Services.aspx to http://www.merseycare.nhs.uk/What_we_do/CBUs/High_Secure/High_Secure_Services.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131216114856/http://www.merseycare.nhs.uk/What_we_do/CBUs/High_Secure/In_patient_services.aspx to http://www.merseycare.nhs.uk/What_we_do/CBUs/High_Secure/In_patient_services.aspx
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 * Added tag to http://www.merseycare.nhs.uk/What_we_do/CBUs/High_Secure/Pyschological_Services.aspx
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Wrongly captioned image
I have removed, here, a photograph that is wrongly captioned as Ashworth Hospital. It is actually of HMP Kennet as can be seen here. Just Chilling (talk) 19:56, 24 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Good spot. Thanks, Dormskirk (talk) 20:02, 24 July 2018 (UTC)

Ashworth
Who or what is this hospital named after? Thanks for an addendum, --Kolya (talk) 09:15, 15 July 2019 (UTC)
 * A good question. The original site was located on, or adjacent to, Ashworth Farm hence the name. However, I cannot reliably source this so I can't add it. Just Chilling (talk) 23:13, 15 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ashworth Hospital


text:
Cornelius van Bynkershoek

Cornelis van Bijnkershoek (a.k.a. Cornelius van Bynkershoek) (29 May 1673, in Middelburg – 16 April 1743, in The Hague) was a Dutch jurist and legal theorist who was educated at the University of Franeker. After two years study, he began to apply himself to jurisprudence. He resolved to reform the common law of his country, and took as the basis of a new system the principles of Roman law.

He later contributed to the development of international law in works like De Dominio Maris Dissertatio (1702); Observationes Juris Romani (1710), of which a continuation in four books appeared in 1733; the treatise De foro legatorum (1721); and the Quaestiones Juris Publici (1737). Complete editions of his works were published after his death; one in folio at Geneva in 1761, and another in two volumes folio at Leiden in 1766. He was president of the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland (Supreme Court of the Dutch Republic) from 1724 to 1743.

Van Bynkershoek was especially important in the development of the Law of the Sea. In particular he furthered Hugo Grotius' idea that coastal states have a right to the adjoining waters the width of which had to correspond to the capacity of exercising an effective control over it, that he expressed in his famous book De Iure Belli Ac Pacis. Bynkershoek translated Grotius idea into practical terms, by arguing that such effective control has to correspond to the range of the coastal state's weapons: "terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis". However, instead of him, it was Italian Ferdinand Galiami who calculated the range of the most advanced cannon at the time to three nautical miles or a league. This idea became common practice and was known as the "cannon shot rule" and was regarded as the internationally accepted measure of the width of the territorial sea.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cornelius van Bynkershoek


text:
Talk:History of the Anglican Communion

Spin off
This article was spun off on July 22, 2005 from the Anglican Communion article. For edit history or talk page discussions prior to that date, please see that article's edit history. Doops | talk 20:50, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Original 1911-based text
''The only section of this article which has been substantially rewritten from the 1911 Britannica is the first §, "origins." For reference purposes, here is the original text from before the rewrite — derived from the 1911 source and amended by wikipedia editors through July 2005:''

The necessity for such a phrase as "Anglican Communion," first used in the 19th century, marked at once the immense development of the Anglican Church in modern times and the change which has taken place in the traditional conceptions of its character and sphere. For more than two centuries after the Reformation the history of Anglicanism is practically confined to its developments within the limits of the British Isles. Even in Ireland, where it was for over three centuries the established religion, and in Scotland, where it early gave way to the dominant Presbyterianism, its religious significance was long overshadowed by its political significance. To the native Irishman and the Scotsman, as indeed to most Englishmen, the Anglican Church was one of the main buttresses of the supremacy of the English crown and nation. When English churchmen passed beyond the seas, they carried with them their creed, but not their ecclesiastical organization. The churchmen of the colonies often had to make the best of the fact that their spiritual needs rested with the bishop of London who occasionally sent commissaries to visit them.

The change which has made it possible for Anglican churchmen to claim that their communion ranks with those of Rome and the Orthodox East as one of the three great historical divisions of the Catholic Church, was due, in the first instance, to the American revolution. The severance of the colonies from their allegiance to the crown brought the English bishops for the first time face to face with the idea of an Anglican Church which should have nothing to do either with the royal supremacy or with British nationality. When, on the conclusion of peace, the church-people of Connecticut sent Dr. Samuel Seabury to England, with a request to the Archbishop of Canterbury to consecrate him, Archbishop Moore refused. In the opinion of prelates and lawyers alike, an act of parliament was necessary before a bishop could be consecrated for a see abroad; to consecrate one for a foreign country seemed impossible, since, though the bestowal of the potestas ordinis would be valid, the crown, which, according to the law, was the source of the episcopal jurisdiction, could hardly issue the necessary mandate for the consecration of a bishop to a see outside the realm.

The Scottish bishops, however, being hampered by no such legal restrictions, were more amenable; and on November 14 1784 Seabury was consecrated by them to the see of Connecticut. In 1786, on the initiative of the archbishop, the legal difficulties in England were removed by the act for the consecration of bishops abroad; and, on being satisfied as to the orthodoxy of the church in America and the nature of certain liturgical changes in contemplation, the two English archbishops proceeded, on February 14 1787, to consecrate William White and Samuel Provoost to the sees of Pennsylvania and New York (see Episcopal Church in the United States of America).

This act had a significance beyond the fact that it established in the United States a flourishing church, which, while completely loyal to its own country, is bound by special ties to the religious life of England. It marked the emergence of the Church of England from what may be called the territorial principles of the Reformation.

Since the Church of England, whatever her attitude towards the traditional Catholic doctrines, never disputed the validity of Catholic orders whether Roman or Orthodox, nor the jurisdiction of Catholic bishops in foreign countries, the expansion of the Anglican Church has been in no sense conceived as a Protestant aggressive movement against Rome. Occasional exceptions, such as the consecration by Archbishop Plunket of Dublin of a bishop for the reformed church in Spain, raised so strong a protest as to prove the rule. In the main, then, the expansion of the Anglican Church has followed that of the British empire, or, as in America, of its daughter states; its claim, so far as rights of jurisdiction are concerned, is to be the Church of England and the English race, while recognizing its special duties towards the non-Christian populations subject to the empire or brought within the reach of its influence. As against the Church of Rome, with its system of rigid centralization, the Anglican Church represents the principle of regional autonomy, which it holds to be both more primitive and more catholic.

WikiProject Anglicanism
A new WikiProject focussing on Anglicanism and the Anglican Communion has just been initiated: WikiProject Anglicanism. Our goal is to improve and expand Anglican-reltaed articles. If anyone (Anglican or non-Anglican) is interested, read over the project page and consider signing up. Cheers! Fishhead64 06:41, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Anglican Church in the colonies
There is a serious issue with what this paragraph is talking about; if I interpret it to refer purely to the COE, with Colonial Bishops, it makes some sense; if I interpret it as the Anglican Communion/Church, it makes NO sense, and is just plain bogus (especially in the first paragraph; there are at least ten churches in my Diocese that predate 1699, still in use, that either are still, or were until the American Revolution, Anglican). I've changed the title to "Anglican Church" from "The Church", but even that's not right. Even if I interpret it strictly as COE, then there are some issues; isn't the Anglican Church in Canada not part of COE now, but part of the Anglican Communion as the Anglican Church of Canada? For an article about HISTORY, this section seems to be having trouble keeping it straight. Can someone more authoritative than I please rewrite this to clear up some of the issues here? Bill Ward 06:20, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of the Anglican Communion


text: User talk:84.168.104.192

title: User talk:84.168.104.192


text:
Talk:Rampton Secure Hospital

Untitled
Do we need to name individual patients? GraemeE17 20:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Edits by Julie grant

 * At http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rampton_Secure_Hospital&diff=100880048&oldid=100873796 I reverted a non-NPOV edit by User:Julie grant; it was her first edit. Could we discuss this alteration? Anthony Appleyard 15:17, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Ditto at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rampton_Secure_Hospital&diff=102683561&oldid=102650703, but I restored parts of her edits which were NPOV: at date she has edited no other pages. Anthony Appleyard 07:46, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Rampton Hospital

 * (Julie grant 10:30, 24 January 2007 (UTC)) Please can we remove the names of patients? Rampton Hospital is a healthcare setting and as such we have to respect patient confidentiality.
 * Julie Grant
 * Communications Manager
 * Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

 * That Beverley Allitt and Ian Huntley are/were in Rampton Hospital, and their offences that led up to this, are well known via the newspapers and the television news and thus became de facto public knowledge without leak of confidential sources. Anthony Appleyard 10:44, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * removed the patient names from the article. Not notable, and you need to provide a source. Please read WP:BLP and find credible sources before returning this information.  Bastiq ▼ e demandez 00:39, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Rv, for reason stated above, and refs added. Anthony Appleyard 07:41, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * In the interests of accuracy, rather than patient confidentiality, is it correct to include Ian Huntley's name in the Rampton Hospital article when he was in the hospital for a matter of weeks for the purposes of psychiatric assessment (cf. Huntley Wikipedia article), after which he was deemed unsuitable for admission? Given that the Huntley article apparently has him residing in HMP Wakefield - the accuracy of which is, incidentally, equally debatable - this also seems somewhat self-contradictory and a bit speculative. --Mehr licht 21:35, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Music References
I'm not sure how many musical references to Rampton there are, but the Anti Nowhere League just released a story concept album called 'The Road To Rampton' concerning the life of the main character who by the end of the album ends up being arrested and placed in the hospital in a song called 'Rampton'. Maybe someone wants to add this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.230.15.125 (talk) 20:08, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Tidy-Up
I've re-written much of the staff facility paragraphs in order to present a less personalised description and to tidy the style and tone. These still required citing for factual accuracy. Plutonium27 (talk) 11:32, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

General Content
Could anyone provide more information on the different wards and services available at Rampton for example the therapeutic villas, therapies etc etc it seems to me that this article only really focuses on the staff facilities or rather removal of and doesn't provide much information on the layout and facilities available to patients and also uses a lot of colloquial and subjective language. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sjudge123 (talk • contribs) 19:06, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

Biased and uninformative article
In response to what is an extremely biased, badly structured and uninformative article - plus requests to add extra info (see above) - I tried to add context and history. Half way through doing this someone has deleted it all. Someone who regards eg the National Archive as not being sufficiently of merit to cite. Who didn't read the entire article and didn't give me or anyone else chance to add further references. The article remains uninformative, biased and wrong until it is improved. It seems that someone doesn't want it improved because rather than add references (which I was doing), they just deleted the additional content. This is very bad etiquette.
 * I suggest you read WP:CITE and WP:RS and add the citations as you go along. The guidelines are very clear. Best wishes. Dormskirk (talk) 13:25, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Please don't patronise me and there were plenty of citations in the piece if you chose to read it rather than just press delete. BBC, Handsard, local press, and national archives. Clearly you didn't really look. If you had bothered to request further citations where you thought they were needed then that would be helpful, but deleting everything without any real guidance as to why is destructive and unhelpful.
 * You have completely white washed the article, you are edit waring and you are now engaging in personal attacks. I suggest you restore the last fully sourced version or you may be blocked from using wikipedia. Dormskirk (talk) 14:05, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Any reader interested in the truth on the Boynton Report should read the following highly critical summary of the report contained in Sir John Boynton's obituary in the Telegraph: "Boynton's team found serious problems relating to the geographical and professional isolation of the hospital, its lack of leadership and difficulty in recruitment, and its focus on containment rather than therapy. The report was also highly critical of an internal complaints procedure under which not one of 178 complaints over a four-year period had been upheld." This extremely important report led to the Mental Health Act 1983, one of the most fundamental reforms ever to be introduced into the NHS. See Obituary: Sir John Boynton. Dormskirk (talk) 00:56, 21 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Dormskirk - I have removed some of your rather emotive language. If the government really did believe that Joe Ashton 'trivialised' the issue can you provide an actual quote from someone who said this, with a reference? Or is this just your opinion? This article generally needs to have its language toned down as parts of it read like a polemic not a Wikipedia entry.SandrinaHatman (talk) 22:13, 23 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I am fine with your edits. I was more concerned about the changes in November 2019 which introduced quite a lot of unsourced material. Best wishes. Dormskirk (talk) 22:38, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rampton Secure Hospital


text:
Enneüs Heerma Bridge

The Enneüs Heerma Bridge (Enneüs Heermabrug) is a bridge in Amsterdam, Netherlands located in the new neighbourhood of IJburg, built on seven artificial islands in the IJmeer. It connects the district of Zeeburgereiland, on the eastern edge of the city, with Steigereiland, to the south. The bridge is named after Enneüs Heerma, who served as Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal, alderman in Amsterdam and State Secretary twice under Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers. Alongside the Nescio Bridge which is a cycle and footbridge connecting IJburg to East Amsterdam, it is one of the neighbourhood's best known landmarks.

Construction
Made of steel, with a length of 230 m, a width of 38 m, and a height of 26 m, the suspended deck of  the bridge serves to carry a traffic road and a light rail (tram) line. It is the main connection between IJburg and the A10 and can be reached by tram 26, the IJtram, from Amsterdam Centraal station.

Completed in 2001, the bridge was designed by Grimshaw Architects. The classic gables of Amsterdam’s canal houses inspired the arches and lateral gables and the wavy patterns refer to water. The segmented appearance is based on the skeleton of a crab. The shallowness of the water at the bridge site made it impossible to use floating cranes to lift the pre-assembled arches of the bridge into position during construction. The problem was solved by using pontoons and crawler cranes.

title: Enneüs Heerma Bridge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vise-Grip

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Eugene van der Pijll 19:34, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Vise-Grip
obvious advertising copy Robinh 20:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

delete.
 * Comment I was going to suggest redirecting to Vise grip but not only don't we have an article on that, we don't have one on Vise. RA time!—Wahoofive (talk) 21:39, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Complete rewrite. A Vise-Grip is a common tool that deserves an article. --goethean ॐ 21:43, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite per goethean. I'm not sure about whether or not we should rename it to vise grip; Google favors Vise-Grip, but that's the Irwin brand only; it seems to be vise grip in more general uses. --Idont Havaname 23:42, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Rewrite into an article about vice grips. CranialNerves 13:28, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Measuring, Selection and Placement Center

The Measuring, Selection and Placement Center (Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi, ÖSYM) is the body responsible for organizing the national level university entrance examination Student Selection and Placement System, and several other large scale examinations in Turkey. It was founded in 1974 and its headquarters is in Ankara.

ÖSYM also operates the world's one and only government-operated dedicated large scale (5600 people at a time) computer-based test center.

Foreign language exams

 * Foreign Language Exam (Yabancı Dil Sınavı, YDS), there are also:
 * YÖKDİL, a test in a similar format to YDS, but limited to Turkish universities in validity
 * YKS-YDT, the foreign language part of the Student Selection and Placement System
 * a section of the teacher's exam (ÖABT) for foreign language teachers.


text:
Logarithmic mean temperature difference

In thermal engineering, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is used to determine the temperature driving force for heat transfer in flow systems, most notably in heat exchangers. The LMTD is a logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold feeds at each end of the double pipe exchanger. For a given heat exchanger with constant area and heat transfer coefficient, the larger the LMTD, the more heat is transferred. The use of the LMTD arises straightforwardly from the analysis of a heat exchanger with constant flow rate and fluid thermal properties.

Definition
We assume that a generic heat exchanger has two ends (which we call "A" and "B") at which the hot and cold streams enter or exit on either side; then, the LMTD is defined by the logarithmic mean as follows:

 * LMTD illustration.jpg

 * $$\mathrm{LMTD}

=\frac{\Delta T_A - \Delta T_B}{\ln \left( \frac{\Delta T_A}{\Delta T_B} \right ) } =\frac{\Delta T_A - \Delta T_B}{\ln \Delta T_A - \ln \Delta T_B}$$

where $ΔT_{A}$ is the temperature difference between the two streams at end $A$, and $ΔT_{B}$ is the temperature difference between the two streams at end $B$. When the two temperature differences are equal, this formula does not directly resolve, so the LMTD is conventionally taken to equal its limit value, which is in this case trivially equal to the two differences.

With this definition, the LMTD can be used to find the exchanged heat in a heat exchanger:

 * $$ Q = U \times A \times \mathrm{LMTD}$$

where (in SI units): Note that estimating the heat transfer coefficient may be quite complicated.
 * $Q$ is the exchanged heat duty (watts),
 * $U$ is the heat transfer coefficient (watts per kelvin per square meter),
 * $A$ is the exchange area.

This holds both for cocurrent flow, where the streams enter from the same end, and for countercurrent flow, where they enter from different ends.

In a cross-flow, in which one system, usually the heat sink, has the same nominal temperature at all points on the heat transfer surface, a similar relation between exchanged heat and LMTD holds, but with a correction factor. A correction factor is also required for other more complex geometries, such as a shell and tube exchanger with baffles.

Derivation
Assume heat transfer   is occurring in a heat exchanger along an axis $z$, from generic coordinate $A$ to $B$, between two fluids, identified as $1$ and $2$, whose temperatures along $z$ are $T_{1}(z)$ and $T_{2}(z)$.

The local exchanged heat flux at $z$ is proportional to the temperature difference:

 * $$ q(z) = U (T_2(z)-T_1(z)) = U\;\Delta T(z)$$

The heat that leaves the fluids causes a temperature gradient according to Fourier's law:
 * $$\begin{align}

\frac{d\,T_1}{dz} &= k_a (T_1(z)-T_2(z))=-k_a\,\Delta T(z) \\[4pt] \frac{d\,T_2}{dz} &= k_b (T_2(z)-T_1(z))=k_b\,\Delta T(z) \end{align}$$ where $k_{a}, k_{b}$ are the thermal conductivities of the intervening material at points $A$ and $B$ respectively. Summed together, this becomes

where $K = k_{a} + k_{b}$.

The total exchanged energy is found by integrating the local heat transfer $$ from $q$ to $A$:

 * $$ Q = D\int^{B}_{A} q(z) dz = UD \int^{B}_{A} \Delta T(z) dz = UD \int^{B}_{A} \Delta T \,dz,$$

Notice that $B − A$ is clearly the pipe length, which is distance along $B$, and $z$ is the circumference. Multiplying those gives $D$ the heat exchanger area of the pipe, and use this fact:

 * $$ Q = \frac{U Ar}{B-A} \int^{B}_{A} \Delta T \,dz = \frac{U Ar \displaystyle \int^{B}_{A} \Delta T \,dz}{\displaystyle \int^{B}_{A} \,dz} $$

In both integrals, make a change of variables from $Ar$ to $ΔT$:

 * $$ Q = \frac{U Ar \displaystyle \int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \Delta T \frac{dz}{d\Delta T}\,d(\Delta T)}

{\displaystyle \int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{dz}{d\Delta T}\,d(\Delta T)} $$

With the relation for $ΔT$ (equation $z$), this becomes

 * $$ Q = \frac{U Ar \displaystyle \int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K}\,d(\Delta T)}

{\displaystyle \int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K \Delta T}\,d(\Delta T)} $$

Integration at this point is trivial, and finally gives:

 * $$ Q = U \times Ar \times \frac{\Delta T(B)-\Delta T(A)}{\ln \left( \frac{\Delta T(B)}{\Delta T(A)} \right)} $$,

from which the definition of LMTD follows.

Assumptions and limitations

 * It has been assumed that the rate of change for the temperature of both fluids is proportional to the temperature difference; this assumption is valid for fluids with a constant specific heat, which is a good description of fluids changing temperature over a relatively small range. However, if the specific heat changes, the LMTD approach will no longer be accurate.
 * A particular case for the LMTD are condensers and reboilers, where the latent heat associated to phase change is a special case of the hypothesis. For a condenser, the hot fluid inlet temperature is then equivalent to the hot fluid exit temperature.
 * It has also been assumed that the heat transfer coefficient (U) is constant, and not a function of temperature. If this is not the case, the LMTD approach will again be less valid
 * The LMTD is a steady-state concept, and cannot be used in dynamic analyses. In particular, if the LMTD were to be applied on a transient in which, for a brief time, the temperature difference had different signs on the two sides of the exchanger, the argument to the logarithm function would be negative, which is not allowable.
 * No phase change during heat transfer
 * Changes in kinetic energy and potential energy are neglected

Logarithmic Mean Pressure Difference
A related quantity, the logarithmic mean pressure difference or LMPD, is often used in mass transfer for stagnant solvents with dilute solutes to simplify the bulk flow problem.

title: Logarithmic mean temperature difference


text:
Talk:Broadview, Illinois

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title: Talk:Broadview, Illinois


text: Glass parking lot

title: Glass parking lot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crystal objective

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 22:06, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Crystal objective
Vanity. I think the chances of anything to do with a British boys' school and its boys' dersires would have to end with Emba Watso, wouldn't it? [[smoddy ]] 20:52, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - I believe that this is a further waste of useful cyberspace!
 * DeleTe - the comment below me doesn't make sense. this information is classified anyway!
 * delete. Patent nonsense. Robinh 20:57, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. How endlessly repetitive all these things are! Highschoolers of the world unite!! Give us something really worthy of BJAODN!!! Bill 20:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, bad fiction. Tempshill 22:22, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * delete, what is this, lol. Architos 22:21, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. JamesBurns 04:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't Delete! Why delete, it's not harming anyone is it? :-P
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: User talk:80.97.210.14

title: User talk:80.97.210.14


text: Category:Finnish chemists

title: Category:Finnish chemists


text:
Have a Nice Day

Have a nice day is a service industry expression widespread throughout the English-speaking world.

Have a Nice Day may refer to:

Music

 * Have a Nice Day (band), Australian power pop band from 1989 to 1994
 * Have a Nice Day (Bon Jovi album), 2005
 * "Have a Nice Day" (Bon Jovi song), 2005
 * Have a Nice Day (Count Basie album), 1971
 * Have a Nice Day (Roxette album), 1999
 * "Have a Nice Day" (Stereophonics song), 2001
 * Have a Nice Day, a 2022 EP by Lil Xan and Chris Miles
 * "Have a Nice Day", a song by the Ramones, from the album ¡Adios Amigos!
 * "Have a Nice Day", a song by Roxanne Shante
 * "Have a Nice Day", an album and a song by Japanese band World Order

Other uses

 * Have a Nice Day (film), a 2017 Chinese animated black comedy film
 * Have a Nice Day! (film), a 2023 Mexican comedy-drama film
 * Have a Nice Day: A Tale of Blood and Sweatsocks, a 1999 autobiography by Mick Foley
 * Have a N.I.C.E. day, a 1997 arcade racing game by Synetic GmbH
 * "Have a Nice Day", by George Carlin from A Place for My Stuff

title: Have a Nice Day


text:
Kénédougou

Kénédougou may be:
 * Kénédougou Kingdom, pre-colonial West African state
 * Kénédougou Province, province of Burkina Faso

title: Kénédougou


text:
User talk:MikeLowryBadBoys

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hello Mike. Have you read any of our other featured articles? I don't think your stub is quite up to that level yet do you? Dunc|☺ 20:53, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:MikeLowryBadBoys


text:
Illinois Route 203

Illinois Route 203 (IL 203) is a 9.51 mi north–south state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. It travels from just south of I-55/I-70/US 40 around Gateway International Raceway at Collinsville Road (former US 40) in Fairmont City, north to I-270 near Pontoon Beach. IL 203 is a former segment of US 66.

Route description
IL 203 is a major north–south artery through the eastern part of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

History
By 1937, US 67 was signed on part of present-day IL 203. From 1938 to 1955, US 66 City was signed on this particular route as well. By 1939, US 67 Alternate was signed after US 67 was rerouted away from East St. Louis. Up until 1964, parts of IL 3, IL 162, and US 67 Alternate utilized present-day IL 203. In 1964, IL 203 was signed; replacing these routes. It originally traveled to Hartford, but this was later trimmed back to I-270 as of 1989.

title: Illinois Route 203


text:
Bob Ogden

Bob Ogden is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 574) and Oldham R.L.F.C. (Heritage № 441), as a, i.e. number 7.

Playing career
Ogden made his début for Wakefield Trinity during January 1949.

title: Bob Ogden


text:
Research Institute of Computer Science and Random Systems

The  Institut de recherche en informatique et systèmes aléatoires  is a joint computer science research center of CNRS, University of Rennes 1, ENS Rennes, INSA Rennes and Inria, in Rennes in Brittany. It is one of the eight Inria research centers.

Created in 1975 as a spin-off of the University of Rennes 1, merging the young computer science department and a few mathematicians, more specifically probabilists, among them Michel Métivier, who was to become the first president of IRISA.

Research topics span from theoretical computer science, such as formal languages, formal methods, or more mathematically oriented topics such as information theory, optimization, complex system... to application-driven topics like bioinformatics, image and video compression, handwriting recognition, computer graphics, medical imaging, content-based image retrieval.


text:
Hyposmocoma molluscivora

Hyposmocoma molluscivora is a Hawaiian moth whose larvae are predators, capturing snails in their silk, much like a hunting spider's web, and then crawling inside the snail's shell to eat it alive. It has been called the snail-eating caterpillar or the flesh-eating caterpillar, though no common name has been widely prescribed to it.

They are case bearing moths, spinning a loose shell of their own which they carry around with them as protection, like bagworms. The specific snails they eat are of the Tornatellides genus.

The caterpillars, which live exclusively on the islands of Maui and Molokai, are about 0.3 in long, and sometimes decorate their silk case with actual snail shells, perhaps as camouflage.

There are about 200 species of Lepidoptera (moths or butterflies) whose larvae are predatory, out of 150,000 known Lepidopteran species overall. However, this is one of the four known species that eat snails.

title: Hyposmocoma molluscivora


text:
Illinois Route 126

Illinois Route 126 (IL 126) is a 17.25 mi east–west state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois. It travels from IL 47 in Yorkville to Interstate 55 (I-55) between Plainfield and Bolingbrook.

Route description
IL 126 begins at an intersection with IL 47 in Yorkville, and travels as a rural two-lane road until it intersects historic Lincoln Highway and enters Plainfield as West Lockport Road. Immediately after crossing the DuPage River, it turns northeast onto Main Street, bypassing Downtown Plainfield, and intersects the concurrency of US 30 and IL 59 at North Division Street. It continues northeastward out of Plainfield on Main Street until it ends at an intersection with I-55. There is no access to IL 126 from northbound I-55. Likewise, there is no southbound I-55 access from IL 126.

For most of its length, IL 126 is an undivided two-lane surface road, until a high-speed ramp is used to access northbound I-55 at its eastern terminus.

Congestion in Plainfield is increasing substantially on this highway, IL 59, and US 30 because of near-explosive growth in Plainfield, a southwest suburb of Chicago.

History
The history of IL 126, in both of its incarnations, is tied closely to the history of US 66.

The original State Bond Issue Route 126 (SBI 126) opened in 1929 to carry the then-new US 66 from Springfield to Litchfield, bypassing the numerous towns along IL 4. Initially, this road was marked as both US 66 and IL 126. In 1934, the concurrency of IL 126 was removed, and this road was known only as US 66.

SBI 66 originally traveled from Plainfield to Welco Corners in present-day Bolingbrook, where it intersected SBI 4. However, by then, SBI 4 was also designated as US 66, which created confusion with IL 66. So, in 1935, IL 66 was given the route number "126", which had been removed from US 66 in southern Illinois, and the new IL 126 was extended west from Plainfield to Yorkville.

In 1940, US 66 was rerouted through Plainfield to bypass congestion in Joliet As a result, IL 126 was truncated to travel only from Yorkville to Plainfield, with US 66 taking over part of IL 126 (former SBI 66) from Plainfield to Welco Corners. When US 66 was rerouted in 1957 onto its new freeway alignment bypassing Plainfield, which would later become I-55, IL 126 was re-extended east from Plainfield along its pre-1940 route to meet I-55/US 66. This resulted in the section of the highway from Plainfield to I-55/US 66 having had four route numbers in its history: 66, 126, 66 (again), and 126 (again).

Until US 30 was rerouted in 2008, IL 126 was concurrent with it for a short distance approaching Plainfield from the west, between Wallin Drive (part of Lincoln Highway) and Main Street where IL 126 travels northeast.

Future
IL 126 is planned to be rerouted north to 143rd Street by the end of 2024.

title: Illinois Route 126


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/Battle of Trafalgar/archive2

Battle of Trafalgar
This ought to be WP:FA on October 21. It has had significant expansion since its last peer review (the credit doesn't go to me). More comments please and also try to keep it in the public eye. I think the consequences section needs work. Dunc|☺ 21:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * References please. --malathion talk 02:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Maps please. They are very important for battles. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 12:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't how successful it would be, but you could try posting a request to the Requested pictures page for somebody to draw up a map. You could also search for out of copyright works on the battle to see if they have suitable maps.  Also I was thinking that there could be a separate order-of-battle page, in addition to the section on the BoT page, that would give more detail on the ships.. — RJH 16:11, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Map and OoB page added. But the page will probably still have some difficulty making it through for feature status due to the lack of references and reference tags. — RJH 16:00, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well a lot has been written about it and no doubt lots more is coming out this year, although we have to watch for pro-British pov, I think much of it presumably is general knowledge and doesn't need citations per se, but that an indication of which books are the better resources would be better(?) Dunc|☺ 17:37, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In suggesting references, I was just giving a common criteria for failure to obtain FA status. Perhaps you could give it a try for FA status with the proviso that it should not be posted until said date? If it fails you can always bring it back htrough here again. :) — RJH 16:19, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I suppose I'd better go for it. At Featured article candidates/Battle of Trafalgar/archive1. Dunc|☺ 17:40, 8 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Foreign Ministry contact details

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 22:07, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

List of Foreign Ministry contact details
Wikipedia is not a directory or phonebook. In fact, articles "shouldn't list upcoming events, current promotions, phone numbers, etc." This is not an encyclopdia article. Delete. --Dmcdevit·t 20:57, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unmaintainable list, wikipedia is not a directory. JamesBurns 04:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per JamesBurns --Ian Pitchford 15:26, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Alfio Basile

Alfredo Rubén "Alfio" Basile (born 1 November 1943), nicknamed Coco, is an Argentine football manager and former player. He played for Racing Club de Avellaneda and Huracán before becoming a manager. He coached many teams during his career, being most notable Racing Club de Avellaneda (where he won the Supercopa Libertadores, the first international title for the club since 1967), the Argentina national team (with 4 titles won) and Boca Juniors, where he won five titles in two years.

The last team managed by Basile was Racing Club de Avellaneda, which he left in 2012.

Playing career
Born in Bahía Blanca, Basile started his playing career at Club Bella Vista in his home city. From 1964 to 1970 he played for Racing Club, where he played as midfielder until the arrival of coach Juan José Pizutti, who moved him to the defensive line to play as centre-back. In that position, Basile formed a remembered defensive pair with Roberto Perfumo, winning three titles with the club, which reached its peak with the Intercontinental Cup won in 1967 to Celtic FC, the first intercontinental title for an Argentine team.

Basile totalized 186 matches with Racing Club before moving to Huracán, where he was a mainstay of the 1973 Metropolitano champions under coach César Luis Menotti. He also played for the Argentina national team. Basile retired as a player in 1975.

A Racing Club member took me to the club to try there. Carlos Peucelle was the coach by then. (After passing the test) I started to play at the 7th division, then promoted to higher ones, always playing as "number 5" (central midfielder). Last year, Dellatorre hanging me debut in Primera División, in the last round of the championship v. Huracán. I played as "number 6" (centre-back)

Managerial career
After retirement as a player, Basile coached a number of Argentine teams, most notably Rosario Central, Racing Club, Huracán, Vélez Sársfield, Uruguayan Nacional, and Atlético Madrid.

His career as a coach reached its first peak in the early 1990s, when he led the Argentina national football team to two Copa América, one FIFA Confederations Cup and one CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions victories. The run-up to the 1994 FIFA World Cup looked smooth until a 5–0 defeat at home to Colombia. Following that traumatic event, Diego Maradona was brought back from retirement to take part in the play-off against Australia.

In the World Cup itself, Argentina opened with two impressive victories over Greece and Nigeria. However, controversy was soon to appear. Maradona was tested for doping after the Nigeria match, and was suspended after ephedrine was found in his sample. Argentina still progressed to the last 16 despite a 2–0 defeat by Bulgaria, but morale was shattered and the team was eliminated after losing to Romania.

After resigning over the World Cup disappointment, Basile went on to coach San Lorenzo de Almagro, Club América of México and Colón de Santa Fe with varying degrees of success. In July 2005 he assumed the post of coach at Boca Juniors, winning the Recopa Sudamericana 2005 just a month later. He then won his first Argentine league title in the 2005 Apertura tournament. Four days later, Boca won the Copa Sudamericana 2005 against UNAM Pumas of Mexico.

In July 2006, he was once again offered the position of Argentina national football team coach and accepted the job taking over from José Pekerman. Before starting his new job, Basile stayed with Boca Juniors until 14 September 2006, when the team won a second consecutive Recopa Sudamericana 2006 with a victory over São Paulo FC of Brazil.

Vocal about his preference for the Italian Serie A and the Spanish La Liga over the English league, he made waves in England when he called for Carlos Tevez and Javier Mascherano to transfer to Italy, claiming the switch would be better for the latter "even if he would have to play in the second division" with Juventus.

On 16 October 2008, amidst the controversy over the historic defeat that Argentina suffered against Chile in the World Cup qualifiers, Basile tendered his resignation. This eventually paved the road to the appointment of Diego Maradona as national team coach. As a coach, Basile had in total two tenures at the helm of the Argentina national football team, 1991–1994 and 2006–2008.

On 1 July 2009, Basile returned to Boca Juniors after three years, replacing Carlos Ischia. But after a series of bad results, especially the failure to qualify for the Copa Libertadores 2010 and a crushing 3–1 defeat to archrivals River Plate during a summer tournament at Mar del Plata, he resigned on 21 January 2010.

On 26 December 2011, Basile returned to Racing Club for his fourth spell as their coach, taking over from Diego Simeone. One year later, he resigned after a confusing incident in the Estadio Libertadores de América's change room, with Racing forward Teo Gutiérrez being accused of pointing a gun at a teammate.

Since his departure from Racing, Basile has not managed any team, stating he is "retired" from the activity. Basile has occasionally appeared in some interviews and the TV show Buenos Muchachos (Good Guys) where he participated along with fellow Héctor Veira and singer Cacho Castaña.

In 2019, Basile offered to manage Flat Earth FC, a Spanish amateur team based around the idea that the Earth is flat. He said that he agreed with club president Javi Poves's views on the subject.

Player
Racing Club
 * Primera División: 1966
 * Copa Libertadores: 1967
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1967
 * Intercontinental Champions' Supercup runner-up: 1969

Huracán
 * Primera División: 1973 Metropolitano

Manager
Racing Club
 * Supercopa Sudamericana: 1988
 * Recopa Sudamericana runner-up: 1989

Racing de Córdoba Vélez Sarsfield
 * Liga Cordobesa de Fútbol: 1981
 * Torneo Neder Nicola: 1981
 * Copa Córdoba: 1981
 * Argentine Primera División runner-up: 1985 Nacional

Club América
 * CONCACAF Giants Cup: 2001

Boca Juniors
 * Primera División: 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura
 * Copa Sudamericana: 2005
 * Recopa Sudamericana: 2005, 2006

Argentina
 * Copa América: 1991, 1993; runner-up: 2007
 * FIFA Confederations Cup: 1992
 * CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions: 1993

title: Alfio Basile


text:
Gastrocnemius muscle

The gastrocnemius muscle (plural gastrocnemii) is a superficial two-headed muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg of humans. It is located superficial to the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, extending across a total of three joints (knee, ankle and subtalar joints).

The muscle is named via Latin, from Greek γαστήρ (gaster) 'belly' or 'stomach' and κνήμη (knḗmē) 'leg', meaning 'stomach of the leg' (referring to the bulging shape of the calf).

Origin/proximal attachment
The lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, while the medial head originates from the medial condyle of the femur.

Insertion/distal attachment
Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone.

Relations
The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the posterior compartment of leg. It is considered a superficial muscle as it is located directly under skin, and its shape may often be visualized through the skin.

Beneath the gastrocnemius (farther from the skin) is the soleus muscle. Some anatomists consider both to be a single muscle—the triceps surae or "three-headed [muscle] of the calf"—since they share a common insertion via the Achilles tendon. The plantaris muscle and a portion of its tendon run between the two muscles, which is involved in "locking" the knee from the standing position. Since the anterior compartment of the leg is lateral to the tibia, the bulge of muscle medial to the tibia on the anterior side is actually the posterior compartment. The soleus is superficial to the mid-shaft of the tibia.

Variation
39% of individuals have a sesamoid bone called the fabella in the lateral (outer) head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Function
Along with the soleus muscle, the gastrocnemius forms half of the calf muscle. Its function is plantar flexing the foot at the ankle joint and flexing the leg at the knee joint.

The gastrocnemius is primarily involved in running, jumping and other "fast" movements of leg, and to a lesser degree in walking and standing. This specialization is connected to the predominance of white muscle fibers (type II fast twitch) present in the gastrocnemius, as opposed to the soleus, which has more red muscle fibers (type I slow twitch) and is the primary active muscle when standing still.

Motor pathway
The plan to use the gastrocnemius in running, jumping, knee and plantar flexing is created in the precentral gyrus in the cerebrum of the brain. Once a plan is produced, the signal is sent to and down an upper motor neuron. The signal is passed through the internal capsule and decussates, or crosses, in the medulla oblongata, specifically in the lateral corticospinal tract. The signal continues down through the anterior horn of the spinal cord where the upper motor neuron synapses with the lower motor neuron. Signal propagation continues down the anterior rami (Lumbar 4-5 and Sacral 1-5) of the sacral plexus. The sciatic nerve branches off of the sacral plexus in which the tibial and common fibular nerves are wrapped in one sheath. The tibial nerve eventually separates from the sciatic nerve and innervates the gastrocnemius muscle.

Clinical significance
The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes.

A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling.

The gastrocnemius muscle may also become inflamed due to overuse. Anti-inflammatory medications and physical therapy (heat, massage, and stretching) may be useful.

Anatomical abnormalities involving the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle result in popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

History
In a 1967 EMG study, Herman and Bragin concluded that its most important role was plantar flexing in large contractions and in rapid development of tension.

title: Gastrocnemius muscle


text:
Walking After You

"Walking After You" is a song by Foo Fighters and appears on the band's 1997 album The Colour and the Shape. In 1998 a re-recorded version appeared on The X-Files: The Album, the soundtrack to the original X-Files movie, and was released as a single.

Song information
While none of the X-Files album songs are prominently featured in the movie itself, "Walking After You" is played during the end credit sequence, following Noel Gallagher's "Teotihuacan." The single's B-side is Ween's "Beacon Light". Foo Fighters had previously contributed a cover of Gary Numan's "Down in the Park" to the compilation album, Songs in the Key of X: Music From and Inspired by the X-Files. Grohl is an avid "X-Files" fan.

"Walking After You" was a hit in the UK and was performed live on the chart show Top of the Pops. The song, along with the rest of The Colour and the Shape album was released as downloadable content for the Rock Band series of video games on November 13, 2008.

Version differences
The original album version was created in December 1996 at WGNS Studios in Washington, D.C., in between recording sessions for The Colour and the Shape. It was performed by Grohl on vocals (in one take) and all instrument parts (except bass, which was performed by the band's bassist Nate Mendel), and was recorded by Geoff Turner.

The soundtrack/single version was performed by the full band, including then-recent additions Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl, with guest backing vocals from Shudder to Think's Craig Wedren. It was recorded in early 1998 at Ocean Way Studios in Hollywood, and was produced by Talking Heads member Jerry Harrison. As a result of trying to muster as much emotion as possible, Grohl broke down during the recording of the vocal take which ended up being used in the final mix. This version also utilizes the addition of a piano part during the bridge, performed by Harrison. Stylistically, it employs more intricate drumming and guitar work than the original—which is much more sparse—and runs about a minute shorter.

Music video
The song's music video features a nattily-attired Grohl interacting with a woman (played by Spanish actress Arly Jover) in what appears to be an asylum or prison, where the two are separated by plate-glass windows. A stack of vintage television sets displays clips of retro fare such as Bela Lugosi films and Betty Boop cartoons.

It was directed by fashion photographer Matthew Rolston, who had also done videos for artists such as Janet Jackson, Madonna, and Lenny Kravitz. It was also the first Foo Fighters music video done in 16:9 Widescreen.

Before Rolston's involvement in the video, The X-Files star David Duchovny had expressed an interest in directing it, but was quick to admit his inexperience, saying "I wouldn't know what the hell I'm doing." The concept was also initially considered to have more of a direct relation to The X-Files in some way, which the finished video does not bear.

Track listing
The previously unreleased Ween song "Beacon Light" was used as a B-side as it also appears on the film soundtrack to X-Files: Fight the Future.
 * 1) "Walking After You" (edited single mix)
 * 2) "Beacon Light" (performed by Ween)

The Colour and the Shape

 * Dave Grohl – vocals, guitar, drums
 * Nate Mendel – bass

The X-Files: The Album

 * Dave Grohl – vocals, guitar
 * Nate Mendel – bass
 * Franz Stahl – guitar
 * Taylor Hawkins – drums
 * Craig Wedren – backing vocals
 * Jerry Harrison – piano

title: Walking After You


text:
Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland

Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland, KG (1 March 1577 – 13 March 1634/1635), was Chancellor of the Exchequer and later Lord Treasurer of England under James I and Charles I, being one of the most influential figures in the early years of Charles I's Personal Rule and the architect of many of the policies that enabled him to rule without raising taxes through Parliament.

Biography
Weston was the eldest son and heir of Sir Jerome Weston, High Sheriff of Essex for 1599, and the former Mary Cave. He was born at Roxwell, Essex, and was a student of the Middle Temple. He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for a number of constituencies including Maldon (1601–1603), Midhurst (in the parliament of 1604–1611), Essex (in the Addled Parliament of 1614), Arundel (1622), Bossiney (1624), Callington (1625) and Bodmin (1626). He was knighted in 1603.

During the reign of King James I of England, Weston was sent on embassies to Bohemia, Brussels, and Spain. On the last assignment, he negotiated for the restitution of the Palatine. Upon his return to England in 1621, he was made Chancellor of the Exchequer, and retained the post after the accession of Charles I; he proved a capable financial manager but incurred popular hatred as a (justly) suspected Roman Catholic, while also later earning the enmity of the (Catholic) queen, Henrietta Maria for refusing grants to her favourites. He opposed wars with Spain in 1623 and France in 1626, but managed to find ways of raising the money to fund them when required, even when it was impossible to secure the cooperation of Parliament.

Weston was elevated to the peerage on 13 April 1628 as Baron Weston of Nayland in Suffolk. He was subsequently made Lord Treasurer of England and invested with the Order of the Garter. His policies proving highly unpopular, he escaped impeachment in 1629 only by the dissolution of Parliament. Nevertheless, he played an important role in the King's Personal Rule without Parliament, finding new sources of revenue while preventing any further increase in the King's expenditure, and being for a time the most influential of Charles's advisers. He persuaded the King to make peace with France in 1629 and Spain in 1630, removing the biggest drain on the treasury, and to sign the secret treaty with Spain in 1634. By the time he died in 1635, the Crown was solvent. On 17 February 1633, Weston was created Earl of Portland. Lord Portland was married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth Pincheon of Writtle in Essex. His second wife was Frances Waldegrave of Borley in Essex. He had three children by his first marriage, including Lady Mary Weston (2 January 1603-after August 1678), who married the 2nd Lord Aston of Forfar in 1629, and Lady Elizabeth Weston (died 1656), who married John Netterville, 2nd Viscount Netterville. He had seven children by his second marriage, including his son Thomas, who later succeeded as 4th Earl, and Lady Anne Weston, the first of the four wives of Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh. His nephew (his sister's son), Jeremy Clarke, became a Governor of Rhode Island in the American colonies.

On his death, he was succeeded by his second but eldest surviving son, Jerome.

title: Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mannatech

New AfD
This article was deleted before, someone re-created it, I am re-submitting for AfD for commercial spam. Delete spam -- Tawker 05:19, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 22:08, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Mannatech
Obvious commercial advertising Robinh 20:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable company, probable advert. Tempshill 22:21, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. Pavel Vozenilek 00:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Project shining light

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 02:13, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Project shining light
Project started in July 2005. Not yet notable, less than 10 google hits. Thue | talk 20:59, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. You said it, Thue.  Thanks for the listing. --Idont Havaname 23:56, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable and autobiographical. BTW, I wonder if I might mildly suggest a look at PaulReilly's Special:Contributions/PaulReilly other edits; in particular his decision to turn an article title redirected by a VfD into an article once again.  (Also can't help noticing that the original VfD'ed article made rather a deal of the philosophy being first mentioned on "The Paul Show"....) -- Antaeus Feldspar 03:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Leoba

Leoba, (also Lioba and Leofgyth) (c. 710 – 28 September 782) was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine nun and is recognized as a saint. In 746 she and others left Wimborne Minster in Dorset to join her kinsman Boniface in his mission to the German people. She was a learned woman and was involved in the foundation of nunneries in Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt. She had a leading role in evangelizing the area. Leoba was acclaimed for many miracles: saving a village from fire; saving a town from a terrible storm; protecting the reputation of the nuns in her convent; and saving the life of a fellow nun who was gravely ill – all accomplished through prayer.

Early life
She was born Leofgyth in Wessex to a noble family, the only child of elderly parents, Dynne and Æbbe. Her mother was related to Boniface, and Boniface was a friend of her father's. Her mother had a dream in which she would conceive "the chosen/ beloved" child of Christ. This dream also told her mother that her offspring was to lead a spiritual life, and to serve the church. The name "Leob" means "greatly loved", with Leofgyth being from Old English léof or líof 'beloved, dear' and gýþ or gúþ 'battle'.

It is said that Leofgyth was trained first by abbess Edburga at Minster-in-Thanet, but Dame Catherine Wybourne, O.S.B. says the evidence for this is slight, although Leoba may have periodically visited Thanet.

She entered the double monastery of Wimborne Minster as an oblate and was entrusted to the care of the Abbess Tetta. Later, Leoba entered the community as a nun. The nuns of Wimbourne were skilled at copying and ornamenting manuscripts, and celebrated for Opus Anglicanum, a fine needlework often using gold and silver threads on rich velvet or linen, often decorated with jewels and pearls. Such English embroidery was in great demand across Europe.

Willibald indicates that nuns as well as monks attended Winfred/Boniface's lectures at Nhutscelle, which was not far from Wimbourne. Boniface maintained correspondence with a number of religious houses in Britain. Leoba wrote Boniface requesting prayers for her parents. Some years later, he decided to invite some nuns to come from England to establish themselves in various parts of the country. To this end he sent a letter to Abbess Tetta requesting that she send Leoba and others to assist with his mission of spreading Christianity in Germany.

Boniface specifically requested Leoba because he thought that many would benefit from her holiness and example. Leoba once experienced a dream in which a purple thread was coming from her mouth. She pulled the thread repeatedly until she rolled it into a ball. The labor of this caused her extreme fatigue and resulted in her waking up from her dream. Out of curiosity, she employed a fellow nun to seek out a nun who was known to reveal prophecies. This nun listened to the explanation of the dream and said that this dream represented the life of leadership that Leoba was to live and that she was destined to be a wise teacher and a great counselor. In 748, Leoba, together with Thecla and others, traveled to Germany to aid Boniface in his apostolic labours.

Life as a missionary
Boniface established a convent in the Franconian town Tauberbischofsheim, where she became the abbess. He entrusted her with a great deal of authority, and Rudolf of Fulda indicates that she was not merely in charge of her own house but of all of the nuns who worked with Boniface. In 754, when Boniface was preparing a missionary trip to Frisia, he gave his monastic cowl to Leoba to indicate that, when he was away, she was his delegate.

She was a learned woman, and in the following years she was involved in the foundation of nunneries in Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt. She had a leading role in evangelizing her area, and during her life she was credited with quelling a storm with her command. Additionally, bishops in Fulda consulted her, and she was the only woman allowed to enter into monasteries in Fulda to consult the ecclesiastical leaders on issues of monastic rule. She was also favoured in the court of Pippin III, and Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne, was her friend.

Later years
In her later years, she retired with a few other Anglo-Saxon nuns to an estate near Mainz in Schornsheim. The estate was given by Charlemagne for her exclusive use. She died on or about 28 September 782. Boniface's will had originally designated that Leoba was to be buried in his own tomb. When Leoba died, however, she was placed in a tomb near his.

Miracles
Leoba was acclaimed for many miracles: saving a village from fire; saving a town from a terrible storm; protecting the reputation of the nuns in her convent; and saving the life of a fellow nun who was gravely ill – all accomplished through prayer. According to Rudolf of Fulda, Leoba's grave was the site of many miracles. These miracles include: freeing a man of tightly bound iron rings around his arms and curing a man from Spain of his twitching disorder. Due to these miracles, some of which were witnessed by Rudolf, Leoba's relics were translated twice to ensure their safety.

Veneration
Several miracles were attributed to her intercession, and she was recognized as a saint. Her relics were translated twice and are now behind an altar in a church dedicated to Mary and the virgins of Christ in Petersberg near Fulda. Some fifty years after her death, Rudolf of Fulda was commissioned to write the acta of her life (Vita Leobae) in connection with this second translation of relics.

Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Church is 28 September. A beer and mushroom soup is named for St. Leoba.

title: Leoba


text: User talk:67.166.210.123

title: User talk:67.166.210.123


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User talk:Edalguzman

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title: User talk:Edalguzman


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Six Flags New Orleans

Six Flags New Orleans is an abandoned theme park located near the intersection of Interstate 10 and Interstate 510 in New Orleans. It first opened as Jazzland in 2000, and a leasing agreement was established with Six Flags in 2002 following the previous operator's bankruptcy proceedings. Six Flags invested $20 million in upgrades, and the park reopened as Six Flags New Orleans in 2003. Following substantial damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the park was closed to the public to make efforts to repair and reopen it. However, in 2006, Six Flags declared the property a total loss, and the park was permanently closed. The lease was terminated in 2009 during Six Flags' bankruptcy proceedings.

Six Flags salvaged several rides and relocated them to other parks. The Industrial Development Board (IDB) of New Orleans owns the property and oversees redevelopment plans. Following several failed proposals to redevelop the site, it remains abandoned and in poor condition. Videos and photos of the site have emerged over the years from thrill-seekers and YouTubers. As a result, city officials became more diligent in securing the park and banning tourists, tasking the New Orleans Police Department with patrolling the abandoned site and arresting trespassers. An option to demolish and clear the land was explored in 2019 following complaints from residents, which is estimated to cost the city $1.3 million.

In 2023, plans were approved by the city for Bayou Phoenix to begin redeveloping the land. In the meantime, the city continues to generate revenue from the property by occasionally leasing the park to various production companies as a filming location.

Functioning amusement park period, 2000–2005
Tom and Dian Winingder spent almost ten years arranging the partnership that would open Jazzland. In 1995, the developers solicited a loan from the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), initially for $15 million, to complete the park. The partners included Burroughs & Chapin located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, which withdrew in 1997, and Ogden Corporation, which sold its theme park division to Alfa Alfa for $148 million in March 2000. The park is built on a concrete deck 4 ft thick.

Jazzland (2000–2002)
The park opened under the name Jazzland on May 20, 2000; the crowd was estimated at 20–25,000 people, and 75–80,000 season passes had been sold. It was operated by Alfa SmartParks, a Greek holding company that purchased the Ogden Entertainment theme park division; the company has since changed hands and now is known as Palace Entertainment, owned by the Spanish company Parques Reunidos. The original themed areas were Mardi Gras, Pontchartrain Beach, Cajun Country, Jazz Plaza, Kids' Carnival, and The Goodtime Gardens; the first season ran until October 29, with season passes available for $89.99 (individual) or $219.96 (family of four). Rides included Mega Zeph, a wooden roller coaster track built on a steel frame to prevent termite infestation and withstand hurricane-force winds. Mega Zeph was inspired by the old Zephyr roller coaster at the closed Pontchartrain Beach Amusement Park that was next to Lake Pontchartrain by the University of New Orleans. The intent was to rebuild the Zephyr, but it was a smaller roller coaster, so that idea was scrapped in favor of the current larger Mega Zeph. Other rides included a junior steel coaster called Rex's Rail Runner, a wild mouse steel coaster, and a common steel shuttle looping Vekoma boomerang roller-coaster called Zydeco Scream. The park had a log flume called Cypress Plunge and a splashwater falls ride called Spillway Splashout. In addition, the park had common amusement park spinning rides and a carousel merry-go-round.

The park was not profitable, as Alfa SmartParks specialized in running water parks and smaller amusement arcade centers. It attracted 1.1 million visitors for its first season, but that decreased to 560 to 580 thousand the next season; Alfa filed for bankruptcy reorganization in February 2002. Citing its benefit to the local economy, HUD loaned $25.3 million to build the park, and after Alfa went bankrupt, the city of New Orleans became liable for the remainder of the loan. In 2001, the lease was put up for sale, and in March 2002 Six Flags purchased it for $22M, although the park's name did not change that year. The New Orleans city council approved the 75-year lease in August 2002; under the negotiated agreement, repayment of the remaining $24.4 million loan from HUD was to be split between the park ($1.4M/year) and the city ($1M/yr).

Six Flags New Orleans (2003–2005)
Six Flags spent $20 million to upgrade the park and reopened it in April 2003 under the name Six Flags New Orleans. Six Flags added more shaded areas and many new flat spinning rides. The park was renamed Six Flags, and the "it's playtime!" theme was adopted, which included a dancing old man, Mr. Six. They added a Bolliger & Mabillard inverted coaster named Batman: The Ride (a mirrored version of the B&M Batman: The Ride coaster model) relocated from the defunct Thrill Valley in Japan, and a Vekoma multiple looping coaster called The Jester relocated from Six Flags Fiesta Texas. A water park that would be included in the admission (like Six Flags Parks such as Six Flags St. Louis and Six Flags America, for example) was in the planning stages in early 2005 and was going to be announced at the end of August. However, Hurricane Katrina was about to strike New Orleans, which put those plans and the continued operations of the park in question.

The last day the park operated was Sunday, August 21, 2005, eight days before Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans. However, weekday operations had ended a couple of weeks earlier, as schools start early in August in the New Orleans area and end in mid-May. The park was scheduled to reopen for the weekend on August 27 or August 28. However, once Katrina was forecast late on Friday, August 26, to hit New Orleans directly, the weekend reopening was canceled to prepare for the storm and begin evacuations. By the time the park closed in 2005, Six Flags had spent $44 M on park upgrades.

Themed areas
Immediately after entering the main gate on the east side of the park, guests were directed to (clockwise): The park was built in a loop around Crescent City Basin; Pontchartrain Beach fronted Jazz Lake.
 * Main Street Square (Formerly Jazz Plaza)
 * Cajun Country
 * Pontchartrain Beach
 * DC Comics Super Hero Adventures (park expansion, added by Six Flags in 2003)
 * Mardi Gras
 * Looney Tunes Adventures (Formerly Kids' Carnival)
 * Goodtime Gardens

Hurricane Katrina
Because the park was located in low-lying swampland near Lake Pontchartrain, the park installed drainage pipes to protect it from flooding. On the morning of August 29, 2005, just after sunrise, Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Southeast Louisiana, resulting in 1,464 deaths and over $100 billion in damages. As many as 26,000 city residents took shelter at the Louisiana Superdome, and over 80% of New Orleans was flooded.

Water from Lake Pontchartrain overflowed and overwhelmed the drainage system at Six Flags New Orleans, which could not keep up with the water flow, flooding the theme park for the duration of Katrina. In the storm's aftermath, the park was left submerged 6 ft deep, taking over a month for the water to leave the park and leaving devastation in its wake.

After Hurricane Katrina

The park grounds are located on a low-lying section of Eastern New Orleans, with a 6 ft earthen flood berm running along the perimeter, creating an artificial basin. As such, this area was heavily flooded in 2005 after Hurricane Katrina. After the park's drainage pumps failed during the storm, the berm retained the combination of rainwater and seawater overflow from Lake Pontchartrain caused by Katrina's massive storm surge, submerging the entire park grounds in corrosive, brackish floodwater to a depth of 4 to 7 ft for over a month. Due to the extensive water and wind damage sustained, the park was closed indefinitely without plans to reopen.

Initial damage reports by Six Flags inspectors stated that the park buildings, the flat rides (except for one that was being serviced off-site at the time of the storm), and attractions were 80% destroyed by long-term salt-water immersion and both the wooden track and steel superstructure of the Mega Zeph were likely damaged beyond repair. The only large ride to escape relatively unscathed was the Batman: The Ride roller-coaster due to its elevated station platform and corrosion-resistant support structure.

On July 1, 2006, having announced that the park would be closed "at least" through 2007, Six Flags announced that it had concluded its damage assessments and declared the park to be an "effective total loss"—with no desire or intent by the company to undertake the prohibitive cost of rebuilding—and was in negotiations with the City of New Orleans to make an early exit from the 75-year lease that Six Flags entered into on the property in 2002. However, then-Mayor Ray Nagin said he planned to hold Six Flags to the lease agreement and force them to rebuild. If held to the terms of the lease agreement, Six Flags would have been legally obligated to rebuild the park on the same site, but only to the extent of the insurance money Six Flags received. Six Flags determined the value of assets the storm destroyed was $32.5 million. As of September 2006, Six Flags had collected $11.5 million of insurance proceeds, bringing the insurance receivable balance to $24.4 million. In January 2007, Six Flags officials revealed to the New Orleans Times-Picayune that the company was suing its insurers for the remaining $17.5 million in coverage.

The park had been one of the least profitable parks in the Six Flags portfolio. Though the park was located in New Orleans East near some of the area's more affluent neighborhoods, the park was originally budgeted to bring in tourists from the city's downtown attractions to supplement the city's relatively smaller population base (New Orleans had been experiencing a declining population before Hurricane Katrina). However, near the time that the storm struck, Six Flags had already begun closing some of its smaller, less profitable parks across the country. Hurricane Katrina cemented the New Orleans park as another part of Six Flags' portfolio, which would eventually close permanently.

On December 15, 2006, Six Flags confirmed that it was removing Batman: The Ride for refurbishment and relocation to a new park, considered the only salvageable ride. Batman: The Ride was reassembled at Six Flags Fiesta Texas in San Antonio and opened under the new name Goliath on April 18, 2008. In addition to Batman: The Ride, Six Flags removed shade coverings, ride parts, lights, security cameras, planting structures, and various other salvageable items.

Besides Batman: The Ride, other rides were later removed from the park. Bayou Blaster and Sonic Slam were removed in 2008 and taken to Great Escape in Queensbury, New York, where the ride was refurbished and reopened under the name Sasquatch on May 10, 2009. The Road Runner Express was removed in 2009 and taken to Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, where it was refurbished and reopened on May 28, 2011, under the same name.

As late as the fall of 2009, the Six Flags website said the company was "still in the process of settling claims with its insurers due to substantial damage caused by Hurricane Katrina," adding that the park would remain closed. The statement ended with "We know that it is still a difficult time for the residents of New Orleans and we remain committed to working with the city in support of the recovery efforts."

Southern Star Amusement (2008–2011)

In April 2008, Southern Star Amusement Inc. proposed to take over the site lease from the then-owner Six Flags, promising to expand the park to over 60 rides (more than double its pre-Katrina size), complete a water park that Six Flags had been planning, and add an RV park. Southern Star Amusement Inc. pledged to open the park as Legend City Adventure Park, with 60 rides in place, including a new water park by the summer of 2009 if the city approved the lease takeover, with the campground to follow. One issue concerning rebuilding was Six Flags' continued removal of infrastructure from the park. In a quarterly conference call, Six Flags discussed plans to remove the S&S Towers by 2009, with more ride removals to follow. Items from existing Jazzland rides, such as Mega Zeph's trains and Spillway Splashout's boats, were sent to other parks. On September 27, 2008, Southern Star stated on its website that it would no longer be trying to revive Six Flags New Orleans.

In February 2009, Southern Star was taking another look at the park and considering a takeover bid with the City of New Orleans. Southern Star planned a scaled-down effort with intentions only to reopen the park with a water park added to the existing midway area. The idea was to reopen and build incrementally, saving about $50 million in improvements for the next few years. Given the poor economic situation then, this plan seemed to be the only way to save the park. The basic idea was to use investors and Go Zone Bonds to raise the $35 to $40 million needed to reopen the park with basic improvements required to make a real recovery and profit. Southern Star's CEO Danny R. Rogers asked Six Flags to stop all removal action of equipment from the park, as the equipment in question belongs to the City of New Orleans and not Six Flags. Six Flags also requested the return of other equipment taken from the park.

On August 18, 2009, it was announced that the land would be redeveloped into a Nickelodeon Universe theme/water park.

On September 18, 2009, New Orleans fined Six Flags $3 million and ordered the company to vacate its lease with the park. On June 13, 2009, Six Flags filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The City of New Orleans took ownership of the park shortly after.

As of early 2010, the site was overgrown with debris and weeds. Removal of the debris and underbrush had begun.

As of April 11, 2010, the site was still shut down with no clear future since the city of New Orleans owned the property by this time, and the plans for the Nickelodeon-branded theme park fell through three months after bonds failed to come through.

On January 21, 2011, Southern Star went public with its third redevelopment plans for the park, posting a link on their company website. On January 26, 2011, Southern Star posted a Letter of Intent for the park on its website. The redevelopment plans gave a brief history of the property, pre and post-Katrina condition photos, development concept photos, written descriptions of each phase of the redevelopment procedure, and business projections for when it opens. During "Phase I", Southern Star planned to restore what is left of the park and expand it by adding more rides and reverting the park to its original Louisiana theme. The park would be revamped to reflect Louisiana's history and heritage, with one of the proposed sections paying tribute to the now-defunct Pontchartrain Beach, which closed in 1983.

"Phase II" entailed adding a water park, and future expansion phases included adding a youth sports complex, an on-site hotel/resort, and a movie studio/backlot that would cater to the needs of various production companies filming in the New Orleans area. Plans also included developing an entertainment and shopping district within the park. These plans entailed utilizing all 224 acre of the site of which only 100 acre were to be developed and occupied by the remains of the Six Flags New Orleans park.

The Letter of Intent from Southern Star set out a lease agreement between the city and the company, stating Southern Star's proposed lease terms and its intent to utilize and restore the area. The company would enter a 75-year lease and take on the property in its current condition. Southern Star planned to take possession of the property before the lease was established to provide preliminary security and repair/cleanup services. The lease would not have taken effect until Southern Star had taken possession of the property, started the cleanup process, and provided proof of funding to the city. After that, the city had 15 days to execute its end of the agreement. Any improvements made would belong to the company, and the lease would end in 2018. The plans never came to fruition, however.

Jazzland Outlet Mall (2011–2014)
In August 2011, The City of New Orleans called for proposals for redevelopment ideas for the site. Eight entrepreneurs stepped forward to suggest turning the property into a power plant, a theme park, or even an outlet mall. On November 29, 2011, New Orleans chose two proposed projects: an outlet mall and a green theme park. On February 6, 2012, it was reported that the selection committee rejected the plan for the site of Six Flags New Orleans to become a theme park, leaving the upscale outlet mall as the only proposal being considered by the committee. Despite the committee's actions, one of the original eight entrepreneurs continued to try to get public support for their Jazzland Park proposal, which includes the addition of a water park and movie studio back lot.

On March 6, 2012, New Orleans gave the green light to build Jazzland Outlet Mall to Provident Realty Advisors and DAG Development. The proposal was for a 400000 sqft upscale outlet mall and entertainment boardwalk on the former theme park site, costing $40 million for part of Phase One and using some of the existing rides from the theme park. Construction would have taken between three and four years. During the planned period of due diligence and pre-construction, in March 2013, the development plans were abruptly called off. The developer cited competition from the planned expansion of Riverwalk Marketplace to include an outlet mall, making the Jazzland Outlet Mall concept unviable. However, as of the summer of 2013, Provident Realty Advisors and DAG Development has been back at the negotiating table with the city to come up with a new idea for the park; they will have to present a development plan to the Industrial Development Board (IDB) in October 2013, according to a contract. IDB will accept or reject the proposal once presented. The agreement also states that construction of an outlet mall is to proceed, but it does not explicitly prohibit allowing the developers to put something else there.

Use as film shoot location (2011–2021)
In 2011, Killer Joe was filmed in the park featuring the wooden coaster Mega Zeph. Stolen was also filmed at the park that year. Stolen used the Main Street Square section to double as the Quarter. Additionally, a burning car was driven into the lagoon, and the Orpheum Theatre was used as the home of the film's villain.

The Industrial Development Board (IDB) agreed to let 20th Century Fox film the 2013 film Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters in the theme park during the summer of 2012 through August. Mega Zeph, Ozarka Splash and The Big Easy are three rides that have been shot for the film along with five other rides that the production crew had brought into the park, since all the original rides were rendered inoperable to shoot for the film. Before shooting at the park for five weeks, the production crew took two weeks to restore the derelict park to the needed condition by installing lighting and covering up graffiti on the buildings. The park portrays the fictional Circeland on the island of Polyphemus that was built by the goddess Circe, only to be destroyed by the cyclops Polyphemus.

During the summer of 2013, portions of the park were filmed for the movie Dawn of the Planet of the Apes until mid-August. The park was also used to film portions of the movie Jurassic World in June 2014.

Jurassic World used the parking lot as the location for the Jurassic World park. Deepwater Horizon built its oil rig set in the parking lot.

In January 2015, the park was photographed as part of a photo essay/series by Cleveland-based photographer Johnny Joo. In this series, Joo documented the abandoned or historic structures of New Orleans, which remained ten years after Hurricane Katrina. He also documented portions of revitalization in the community of New Orleans to show how the area has been rebuilt after one of the most significant natural disasters in United States history.

In 2016, the video game Mafia III is set in a fictional version of New Orleans. The abandoned amusement park in that game features a partially flooded site, a similar entranceway, and a roller-coaster that strongly resembles the Mega Zeph.

In 2019, rapper NF used parts of the park for his music video for "Leave Me Alone." Also, in 2019, parts of the park were used in the movie Synchronic starring Anthony Mackie.

In 2019, the park was the subject of the Bright Sun Films documentary titled Closed for Storm. The documentary features visuals of the park in its current state and interviews with past employees, fans, and developers interested in rebuilding the property. It received a wide release in July 2021.

The park was used as a movie location for the 2021 movie Reminiscence.

Dreamlanding Festival Park (2016–2018)
In 2016, a group that included the former head of Southern Star came together to form "Dreamlanding Festival Park" to buy and rebuild this park, pending city council/mayoral approval. According to their website, the group was ready to spend over $100 million to reopen the park, with construction scheduled to begin in the summer of 2018, a stated opening date of 2019, and more coasters ready for 2020. At the same time, a waterpark would open in spring 2019. A festival park and an RV site were also in their plans as they awaited the city's approval to purchase the park.

In 2018, the Dreamlanding Festival Park website released the following statement: "It is very hard to walk away from all the time and efforts we have put into New Orleans but in truth the old Jazzland/Six Flags park has now reached a point of no return. On our last inspection and after further review we find that the rides that were savable as well as the majority of buildings are no longer economically viable to salvage."

Jazzland Paidia Company (2011–2021)
In 2011, eight groups, including the Paidia Company, responded to an RFP issued by the Mayor's office. Paidia proposed reopening the park as Jazzland, the park's name until 2002. The company was not selected during the first RFP. A second RFP was issued in January 2014. Jazzland submitted the only proposal. The plans include newly designed themes for the park, a new Baritone Beach water park, Sportsman's Paradise Resort Hotel and a mixed-use retail/dining/entertainment area. A few rides would be rebuilt, but most would be new. A "Sportsman's Paradise" section would include the existing Jester coaster, and the "Beach" would include Megazeph. Ozarka Splash would be rebuilt as a "sugar flume", using the state's sugar cane industry for its theme. In February 2017, the company submitted a purchase offer for the property. In May 2017, the IDB voted to turn over decision-making power to the Mayor's office. In June 2018, the IDB renewed the cooperative agreement with the new mayor, keeping the decision power in the mayor's office. Jazzland maintains its interest in purchasing the property.

Bayou Phoenix (2021–present)
In October 2021, New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell announced Bayou Phoenix as the partner chosen to redevelop the site. On November 10, 2022, the redevelopment plans were announced to be "on life support" and "could be dead soon", as no lease agreement has been reached. On March 7, 2023, an agreement was finally reached to redevelop the park. On August 15, 2023, the New Orleans Redevelopment Authority approved the Bayou Phoenix development proposal to move to the next phase. In an article by Axios, the park redevelopment will move forward. In October 2023, the lease was signed.

title: Six Flags New Orleans


text:
Frum

Frum (פֿרום) is a word that describes Jewish religious devotion.

The term connotes the observance of Jewish religious law in a way that often exceeds its bare requirements. This not only includes the careful study of Torah, daily prayers, observing Shabbat and kashrut, and performing deeds of loving-kindness, but also many more customs and khumrot (prohibitions or obligations in Jewish life that exceed the requirements of Halakha).

The term frum contrasts with frei (פֿרײַ), which describes Jews who are secular or practice non-Orthodox observance, or "free from keeping the… commandments."

Meaning
Frum can be used in a negative sense for 'hypocritically pious', 'holier-than-thou', 'sanctimonious'; or in a positive sense for 'pious', 'devout', 'God-fearing', and 'upright'. The phrase frum and ehrlich captures the positive connotations of these words, to mean roughly 'upright' or 'righteous' (see tzadik).

The question "is s/he frum?" asks whether the person is religious.

Derived terms
In Yinglish, frummer is used both as a noun for 'one who is frum' and as a comparative adjective, i.e. 'more frum'. The prescribed Yiddish comparative form of the adjective is, in fact,. Frumkeit describes the lifestyle of those who are frum.

Frummer can also have a negative connotation, similar to chasid shoteh ('pious idiot'), which is how the Talmud (Sotah 21B) describes a man who sees a woman drowning but refuses to save her, saying: "It is not proper to look at her, and rescue her." A frummer in that sense is a person displaying a disproportionate emphasis on technical aspects of religion of one's daily life in a manner which actually violates the halakha in a specific case. (See Pikuach nefesh.) Another term with this meaning is frummie.

A person who is frum from birth (FFB) was born into a frum household and has remained observant. This contrasts with a baal teshuva (BT), which literally means 'master of return' and refers to a Jew who has become frum after a period or lifetime of following a non-Orthodox lifestyle. Someone who leaves the frum lifestyle would be referred to as off the derech (OTD), which literally means 'off the path.'

The Frumba exercise program originated in Chicago as a derivation of the dance-based fitness program Zumba. Frumba classes are offered exclusively to women who observe frum forms of tzniut modesty laws, featuring music with less explicit lyrics.

Mode of dress

Frum Jews are expected to dress in gender-specific, modest, low-cut clothing adherent to standards outlined by Jewish religious law. Women dress in loose skirts and dresses that cover their arms and legs. When married, they cover their heads with scarves and wigs. Jewish men wear fringed undershirts known as tallitot katan, and head coverings often in the style of kippot. Although applicable to both sexes, particular emphasis is often placed upon the dressing guidelines of women.

In addition to the tzniut style of dress, many frum Jews are identifiable by their traditional clothing. Black trenchcoats, fur hats, and other distinct Ashkenazic garb have become mainstream religious clothing across ethnic divisions.

title: Frum