text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David Madden

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus, so keep. --Allen3 talk 16:38, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

David_Madden
While he's the current champion on Jeopardy! and dominating his games so far, his streak really isn't long enough to be noteworthy quite yet. People have done better than he has and lost sooner. OntarioQuizzer 03:15, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment I've already commented on this in the main article but I feel this also bears repeating here. Whether or not the encylopedic nature of an article is in dispute does not mean it's an excuse to goof around and pretend this is an Uncyclopedia article. We do have to maintain a certain professional standard in our article writing, and certainly avoid inserting biased opinions meant primarily to mock instead of inform. Like I alluded to, there's Uncyclopedia if you want to goof around that badly. Also, I think someone should add a clean-up tag (maybe that would be more appropriate than a VfD tag?) User:24.9.10.235
 * Keep. He's already broken Tom Walsh's record (two, actually). If we delete his article we might as well delete Tom's and merge with the main Jeopardy! or Ken Jennings article then, going by the logic by some here. User:24.9.10.235
 * Well you can't break a record that's already been broken; it doesn't work that way, or else I would have broken the 1880 land speed record on my way to breakfast this morning. -R. fiend 22:05, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * According to your logic, Wade Boggs' (whose about to be inducted into Cooperstown in a few days) entry should be denied because he never has done anything truly exceptional, or John Elway or Dan Marino should be removed from the Hall of Fame because they've never done anything truly Earth-shattering such as Terry Bradshaw's Super Bowl winning record (hell, Marino has never won a single Super Bowl!). For that matter, according to the same logic Tom Walsh's page needs to be verified for deletion too, since Madden (let alone Jennings) have proven it's hardly an insurmountable figure (let's face it, it's only seven games). The reason why it is an important milestone is because this is only the second time that record has been surpassed (although I personally believe it will hardly be the last) but for now it's at least as notable as Tom Walsh's old record.
 * Nope, I'm just saying he didn't break a record, which is true. And, indeed, I'm no great proponent of Walsh's page either, but (like it or not) he did hold a few records, which Daveyboy has not done. And if old whatshername had realized that the Ode to Joy was not 70 minutes long (no matter how slow its played) Dave would be yesterday's news already. I'm not saying he won't be the next big thing in game show contestants; I'm just saying as of now he isn't. -R. fiend 04:08, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * He may not have broken any records yet but for the time being he's a notable player and it looks like he'll surpass the 15-game mark many people have mentioned as being the threshold allowing him an article. Once again, according to your logic many notable people should be ignored, a logic I frankly find to be ignorant at best. Think of it this way; if he does manage to win $1,000,000 in non-tournament winnings he'll still probably become a 'cause celeb' and yet still be about a third from Jennings' total winnings. Because the new records are so insurmountable, I think we shouldn't be so hung up on them.
 * Nowhere did I say he needed to hold a record to be notable enough for an article, I merely said a record would likely justify one. My main point is that the Walsh comparisons were flawed because Walsh was both a first and a holder of three records (and even his notability is somewhat questionable in my book); Madden doesn't fit either of those criteria. Maybe he will soon warrant an article, but I don't think he has yet, and he certainly didn't when this article was written. -R. fiend 00:25, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * To tell you the truth I've been kinda waivering between "keep" and "delete" myself, but I think we can give Madden the benefit of the doubt and keep it for now. I don't think it will be too much longer for him to gain noteriety (he's only $200,000 away from half a million; that may seem like quite a bit but it took him only, what, two weeks to get $200,000?), and if he falls short we can always delete later. Or whatever the Wikiministrators decide.
 * Keep. Why don't we just give this situation the benefit of the doubt?  After all, it would be much easier to decide to delete the article if he loses on tomorrow's episode, for example.  Why jump on it now if the possibility exists that he may become noteworthy later on? In fact, David only has to win once more to tie the previously-held record of wins prior to Ken Jennings which was Tom Walsh who was the first contestant to win more than 5 games when the 5-game rule was eliminated.  asert 04:04, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Because the season ends next week, and won't start up again until September.  ral  315  13:25, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Now, the number of wins stands at seven. That ties the record of Tom Walsh, so it is noteworthy. asert 01:45, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. Nothing here really. If he actaully approaches anything like Ken then we can create an article on him. This doesn't say anything anyway. Alex uses the K-word once in a haphazard remark and everyone thinks this guy's on the way to win 70 more games. I think a good test will be to see when and if he's mentioned outside of the show (and internet forums on the show). After Ken won about 12 games or so I think it was, Letterman started talking about him, as did others. Doesn't seem to be happening with Dave yet. All this "chronicling the next Ken" was all over wikipedia the moment he lost, and nothing panned out there. Patience. -R. fiend 06:35, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Isn't one episode away from equalling Ken's winning streak actually approaching him? - Mgm|(talk) 08:57, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sure, but that is 68 games away. -R. fiend 15:34, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable contestant. JamesBurns 08:35, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no match for Ian Lygo on that king of quiz shows 100% -- the wub  "?/!"  12:21, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Lygo: £7,500 --- Madden: $217,100 Jordan Elder 00:22, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I would support him receiving an article after about 15 or 20 wins.  However, he's only won 6 games (to put in perspective, nearly a hundred contestants won 5 games and then were forced to retire before the rule change).  Besides, his 15th win wouldn't air until September.  ral  315  13:25, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - and yawn... A curate's egg 15:11, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: A contestant. Ken is in because he was a cause celeb.  There is no indication whatever of this fellow being referred to in the general media, that he is a cultural signifier.  He's just a person doing well on a show.  There have been legions of such.  I wouldn't want an article on him no matter how many wins unless he were a subject requiring explanation to an educated reader of the future.  We are not the high game counter of TV shows. Geogre 15:55, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per R. fiend and Geogre. Dcarrano 16:12, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Qualified delete, perhaps include the info in a brief elab on a List of notable Jeopardy! contestants. knoodelhed 20:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP because seven days is a rare occurrence on Jeopardy, and it is noteworthy. If he lasts longer than Tom Walsh (and that would be one more game), then definitely keep it.  Jordan Elder 17:29, July 13 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - if Tom Walsh gets an article, so does this guy. Radagast 02:00, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, I've added somewhat to the article's breadth with some biographical details. Radagast 01:52, July 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep as per Jordan Elder & Radagast. —Markaci 2005-07-14 T 02:51:09 Z
 * Delete there is notthing noable about this contestant beyond his time on the show. --nixie 04:17, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Tom Walsh probably shouldn't have an article either. I guess he does only because he was the first player ever to appear on a 6th show, which had basically nothing to do with him, but everything to do with a change in the rules and good timing. (Well, not nothing; he had to win a bunch of games, which isn't trivial, but not exactly encyclopedic). He also held several Jeopardy records. Madden is only 70 games and about 3 million dollars away from holding one himself. -R. fiend 04:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect to the game show. Radiant_ >|< 12:12, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP! Have you guys ever even seen David on Jeopardy? Won't it ever pass your [thick] skulls that eight consecutive days is a rare occurrence on Jeopardy? In fact, this is the third time it's happened, with Tom Walsh and Ken Jennings before him.  He might even be the next Ken Jennings, but he already is the next Tom Walsh!  He is notable!  Besides, I checked the deletion policy and this article can stay, according to it.  Why delete it? Jordan Elder 21:29, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note: This comment is user's 11th edit (actually his 11th through 23rd edits are all this comment). -R. fiend 16:27, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * "Rare" is not "encyclopedic". I could do all sorts of rare things. 8 appearances on Jeopardy will not be so rare much longer as people are no longer cut off at 5 games. In fact, the 5 games limit had only been removed a short while before someone exceeded it by 15 times. As I said, Tom Walsh held 3 records, Dave is nowhere near even one. When he gets his record, he'll get his page. In fact, I'd like to make a Game show records page as place to cover these contestant stubs (like Walsh) as well as some of the info on Ken's page about records he's held. The only problem is that other than Jeopardy and Millionaire and a few others I'm not entirely sure where to find such information. And to cover all, or most, game shows it would be quite a substantial endeavor. If anyone else likes this idea let me know and maybe we can work on it. The best I can see Madden getting is a runner up for most Jeopardy (regular season) appearances if he gets that far. -R. fiend 21:59, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Last summer, when Ken Jennings was at the peak of his popularity (middle of last July), he had over 23,000 hits on Google (for ' "Ken Jennings" Jeopardy ') and 914 Google News hits. ' "David Madden" Jeopardy' has 118 hits on Google, and 0 Google News hits. Ken Jennings has an article because he transcended his genre. Now people are going "9 games? Who cares!" Tom Walsh has an article because at least a modicum of normal people cared about his 7 wins. Dave Madden is still not notable in the context of his newsworthyness, meaning he really does not deserve an article in Wikipedia. --OntarioQuizzer 09:45, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: And it's like any person can get 9 games, right? Jordan Elder 19:01, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP: 9 games is an impressive streak on Jeopardy, and whether or not he has Google news results (he has one now) has little to do with noteworthiness. If you took Google results into account, you'd be trying to delete Ian Lygo's page.  He has 122 web results and 0 news items.  Can't you at least give some respect for David?  He's probably making more money than any of you.
 * Note: This is the 3rd Keep vote from this user (Jordan Elder) in this discussion.. --OntarioQuizzer 14:04, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. He is definitely now in my view worthy of the article (the 'keeping him in light of Tom Walsh's article' argument seems more than valid also). --DanielNuyu 07:37, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Madden is currently notable only to Jeopardy viewers, but I think this vfd is premature. Why don't we wait and see how long he makes it? If he's eliminated soon and thereby becomes nonnotable, we can always delete the article. If he wins a lot and becomes noteworthy, we won't have to come back and recreate a deleted article. As it is, his chances could go either way. I would suggest waiting until we can be sure. Binadot 03:45, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The show's 21st season ends on Friday and goes on hiatus until September -- should we be waiting around for 6 weeks for a streak to go over the edge of notability? --OntarioQuizzer 11:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Seems to be a keeper. Dan100 (Talk) 12:52, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Barely notable in the realm of Jeopardy! translates into not notable for encyclopedic consumption. The arguement that he has performed a "rare" feat is also misleading because Jeopardy! has only recently implmented the format that allows a champion to remain more than five days and much of that period was dominated by a single individual. There is not enough data to determine how rare this feet truly is.  Indrian 15:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Certainly we need to be somewhat cautious about namespace pollution, but we're not EB, neither. --Baylink 00:53, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete.Mwl 01:31, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- just in case my nomination doesn't count. --OntarioQuizzer 02:17, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: If consensus is judged to be Keep, a disambig should be created for David (considering there are two other David Maddens referenced in other areas of the project. --OntarioQuizzer 12:49, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. What's the big deal? Isn't this wikipedia thingy supposed to have _everything_ in it? David's a geek who is doing right by himself, and deserves any minor fame he achieves. Besides, he keeps winning and will probably finish the season, and you'll have no choice anyway. Ted from Ontario. 20 July 2005.
 * Comment: What Wikipedia Is Not -- Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Biography articles should only be for people with some sort of notoriety or achievement. David's notoriety is the subject of the discussion. --OntarioQuizzer 12:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep -- Derktar 05:09, July 21, 2005 (UTC).
 * Comment: Is this user related to Jordan? I really hope he hasn't started meatpuppeting. --OntarioQuizzer 10:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No I am not related to Jordan, we are both inclusionists though and as inclusionists we are working to keep articles, see:Association_of_Inclusionist_Wikipedians/Members and Association_of_Inclusionist_Wikipedians -- Derktar 19:10, July 21, 2005 (UTC).
 * Thanks for the clarification -- I noted both of your last names being Elder and figured I should ask. --OntarioQuizzer 02:02, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Meatpuppeting? Jordan Elder 02:40, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and re-evaluate in a month -- Right now he seems to be somewhat notable enough for mention, this may not turn out to be lasting, it seems hard to say. --Mysidia 02:46, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I can't say I'm opposed to the idea, but I just want to point out that Jeopardy! goes on its annual 6 week summer hiatus after tomorrow's episode. Meaning that he'll be at about this level until early September. --OntarioQuizzer 03:43, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I think this debate should have ended by now. He has won 14 in a row which is double that of Tom Walsh. If he is not worthy, then Walsh certainly is not as well. I would say the standard should probably be 10 in a row. As a long time Jeopardy fan my guess is that only 1-2 people per season of Jeopardy will accomplish that feat.
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Silver Session for Jason Knuth

Silver Session for Jason Knuth is an EP by American alternative rock band Sonic Youth. It was released in 1998, credited to record label Sonic Knuth.

Content
The EP's eight tracks consist entirely of guitar feedback with occasional drum machine.

It was dedicated to Sonic Youth fan Jason Knuth, who committed suicide, with proceeds from the record's sales donated to the San Francisco Suicide Prevention Hotline. The liner notes, written by Thurston Moore, contained an explanation of the record:

"Silver Sessions [was] taken from an evening when SY had to do vocal overdubs for A Thousand Leaves – the band upstairs was hammering out some funky metal overdrive and we couldn't 'sing' properly (?!). We decided to fight fire with molten lava and turned every amp we owned on to 10+ and leaned as many guitars and basses we could plug in against them and they roared/howled like airplanes burning over the pacific [sic]. We could only enter the playing room with hands pressed hard against our ears, and even then it was physically stunning. We ran a sick, outmoded beatbox through the P.A. and it blew out horrendous distorted pulsations. Of course, we recorded the whole thing, and a few months later we mixed it down into sections, ultra-processing it to a wholly other 'piece'. In a way, it's my favorite record of ours – I hope Jason [Knuth, to whom the release is dedicated] digs it. Keep on, keep on, keep on."

Critical reception
Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic wrote, "Of the many strange recordings released by Sonic Youth over the course of their long career, few measure up to Silver Session for Jason Knuth". Describing Silver Session as noise rock, he called it "an interesting addition to their catalog, intended mainly for loyal fans."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Silver Session for Jason Knuth


text: File:SilverSession.jpg

title: File:SilverSession.jpg


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Holy Family

The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph. The subject became popular in art from the 1490s on, but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de Laval, the first bishop of New France, who founded a confraternity.

The Gospels speak little of the life of the Holy Family in the years before Jesus’ public ministry. Matthew and Luke narrate the episodes from this period of Christ's life, namely his circumcision and later Presentation, the flight to Egypt, the return to Nazareth, and the Finding in the Temple. Joseph and Mary were apparently observant Jews, as Luke narrates that they brought Jesus with them on the annual pilgrimage to Jerusalem with other Jewish families.

Veneration
The Feast of the Holy Family is a liturgical celebration in the Catholic Church, as well as in many Lutheran and Anglican churches, in honour of Jesus of Nazareth, his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and his foster father, Saint Joseph, as a family. The primary purpose of this feast is to present the Holy Family as a model for Christian families.

From the 17th century, the feast has been celebrated at a local and regional level and at that level was promoted by Pope Leo XIII. In 1921, Pope Benedict XV made it part of the General Roman Calendar and set on the Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany (cf. Epiphanytide); that is to say, on the Sunday between January 7 through January 13, all inclusive (see General Roman Calendar of 1954).

In the General Roman Calendar of 1954, the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas was in fact celebrated on the Sunday only if it fell on 29, 30 or 31 December, since it gave way to the higher-ranked feasts of Saint Stephen, Saint John the Apostle and the Holy Innocents; otherwise, it was transferred to December 30, and if the feast of Saint Thomas Becket, one of the most popular additions to the calendar in the Middle Ages, was celebrated in double rite (as it was universally after 1907), then it too took precedence over this Sunday, until the 1911 reforms where double feasts no longer did so automatically. The 1962 Roman Missal, whose use is still authorized per the 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, follows the General Roman Calendar of 1960, which ranks the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas as higher than these saints and keeps the Feast of the Holy Family on the Sunday after Epiphany.

The 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar moved the celebration of the Holy Family to the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas, that is, the Sunday between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (both exclusive), or if both Christmas Day and the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God are Sundays, on 30 December, which is always a Friday in such years. When not celebrated on a Sunday, it is not a holy day of obligation. In the General Roman Calendar of 1969 the Feast of the Holy Family outranks the various saints whose feastdays fall during the Octave of Christmas, since it is usually to be celebrated on a Sunday.

In the Catholic Church, hyperdulia and protodulia are the names respectively reserved in a specific way to the veneration of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary and the Most Chaste Saint Joseph. Those venerations are more important than the dulia reserved to any other saint. In fact, the Virgin Mary has the Marian title of Queen of Angels and Queen of Saints and Saint Joseph is the patron of the Roman Catholic Church.

In art
The Holy Family became a subject popular in art in the early 16th century, in both Italian Renaissance painting and Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting. The popularity of the subject was associated with an increased interest in, and devotion to, Saint Joseph. In the later Middle Ages he had become something of a comic figure, whose age was emphasized, and was often shown asleep in Nativity scenes. In the 15th century confraternities dedicated to Joseph were part of revived devotional interest, who is now at least awake, and often shown taking an active role in parenting.

Many early Holy Family compositions are either Nativity scenes or the Rest on the Flight into Egypt with the removal of other event-specific elements, such as the ox and ass of the Nativity, to concentrate on the three main figures for devotional images, mostly intended for wealthy homes. Alternatively many compositions clearly derive from a Madonna and Child, with a Saint Joseph added. Often the figures were shown close-up, filling much of the picture space.

Related variants add Jesus's slightly older cousin, Saint John the Baptist, and often his mother Saint Elizabeth; but Joseph is often absent in these, removing them from the usual definition of a Holy Family. It was thought that the Holy Family stayed with Elizabeth on their return from Egypt, and these pictures tend to show the children older than newborns. The extended family of Jesus, already popular as a subject in art, is called the Holy Kinship; this might include up to twenty figures.

Italy
The Parte Guelfa Holy Family by Luca Signorelli dates from about 1490. Mantegna appears to have invented the very tightly focused group in the late 1490s, painting several variants with John the Baptist and his mother, such as one now in Dresden. Some of these have standing or vertical infants, mostly toddlers rather than new-borns.

By the High Renaissance many Italian paintings had a horizontal format. The subject was popular with Antonio da Correggio (examples are in Pavia, Orléans, the Royal Collection, Los Angeles and Mantua), and Domenico Beccafumi (examples in Munich, Galleria Palatina, Florence and also the Uffizi there). Michelangelo's tempera rendition (c. 1506) hangs in the Uffizi in Florence, Italy. A Holy Family by Giulio Romano is in the Prado, with another at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California.

Lorenzo Lotto also painted the subject several times, tending to add angels and saints from later periods, to produce versions of a sacra conversazione. Examples are Holy Family with Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Holy Family with St Jerome and St Anne, as well as one in the Louvre with the families of Jesus and John the Baptist.

Northern Europe
North of the Alps, prints from the 1490s by Albrecht Dürer probably preceded any paintings. An early northern painting is by the Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece around 1500, where the composition has clearly been freshly imagined. By contrast, the Holy Family by the Dutch artist Joos van Cleve of c.1512 in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, essentially reduces Jan van Eyck's Lucca Madonna to a close-up with still life details, and adds Saint Joseph over the Virgin's shoulder.

Patronages and customs
The Holy Family of Nazareth is a model of life for the priests and brothers of the Congregation of the Missionaries of the Holy Family. In their pastoral ministry, they emphasize the importance of sincere love and devotion to Jesus, Mary and Joseph. The founder of the congregation, Fr. John Berthier, wrote that "nothing can strengthen faith, hope and embrace hearts with love as the cult of the Holy Family."

The members of the Holy Family are also the patrons of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The Holy Cross Sisters are dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, the Holy Cross Brothers to Saint Joseph, and the Priests of Holy Cross to the Sacred Heart. The Sons of the Holy Family is another religious congregation devoted to the Holy Family.

The Cathedral of the Holy Family of Nazareth is the see of the Diocese of Tulsa in Oklahoma.

A pious practice among Christians, especially Catholics, is to write "✝ J.M.J. ✝" often flanked by two Christian crosses at the top of letters, cards, documents and personal notes as a reference to Jesus, Mary, and Joseph as the Holy Family. Where it is written, "✝ J.M.J. ✝" is an "appeal for the blessing of the Holy Family."

title: Holy Family


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Fernando d'Ávalos

Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos d'Aquino, 5th Marquess of Pescara (in Italian. Ferrante Francesco d'Ávalos), (11 November 1489 – 3 December 1525), was an Italian (Neapolitan) condottiero and nobleman of Spanish (Aragonese) origin. He was an important military leader in the service of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire during the Italian Wars.

In the Battle of Ravenna in 1512, he was taken prisoner by the French but was released at the conclusion of the War of the League of Cambrai, after which he became a chief commander of the Habsburg armies of Charles V in Italy during the Habsburg-Valois Wars. He was instrumental to the victories over the French at Bicocca and Pavia thanks to his ordered usage of arquebusiers. He is proposed as an early innovator of volley fire in early modern warfare, setting the base for the European reforms of the 16th century.

Biography
Fernando was born at Naples, but his family was of Aragonese origin, having arrived in southern Italy with Alfonso V's general Íñigo Dávalos, his grandfather. Fernando's father was Alfonso d'Ávalos d'Aquino, 4th marquis of Pescara (not to be confused with Alfonso d'Ávalos, 6th marquess of Pescara and a cousin of Fernando).. During his life Fernando D'Ávalos was also known as "Pescara", the city in the kingdom of Naples of which he was the Marquis. Proud of his Spanish origins and surrounded by Spaniards, he spoke Spanish at all times despite his Neapolitan extraction and arranged marriage with a noblewoman from the Papal States. According to the Renaissance historian Francesco Guicciardini, Fernando d'Ávalos considered himself more Spanish than Italian.

Farnando's father was killed during a French invasion of Naples, while the boy was still a babe in arms. At the age of six the boy was betrothed to Vittoria Colonna, daughter of the general Fabrizio Colonna, and the marriage was celebrated in 1509 on the island of Ischia. His position as a noble of the Aragonese party in Naples made it incumbent on him to support Ferdinand the Catholic in his Italian wars. In 1512, he commanded a body of light cavalry at the battle of Ravenna, where he was wounded and taken prisoner by the French. Thanks to the intervention of one of the foremost French generals, the Italian G. G. Trivulzio, who was his connection by marriage, he was allowed to ransom himself for 6,000 ducats.

He commanded the Spanish infantry at the Battle of La Motta, or Vicenza, on October 7, 1513. It was on this occasion that he called his men before the charge to take care to step on him before the enemy did if he fell. From the battle of Vicenza in 1513, down to the Battle of Bicocca on April 29, 1522, he continued to serve in command of the Spaniards and as the colleague rather than the subordinate of Prospero Colonna.

After the battle of Bicocca Charles V appointed Colonna commander-in-chief. D'Ávalos, who considered himself aggrieved, made a journey to Valladolid in Spain, where the emperor then was, to state his own claims. Charles V, with whom he had long and confidential interviews, persuaded him to submit for the time to the superiority of Colonna. But in these meetings, he gained the confidence of Charles V. His Spanish descent and sympathies marked him out as a safer commander of the imperial troops in Italy than a "full" Italian could have been. When Francis I invaded Italy in 1524 d'Ávalos was appointed as lieutenant of the emperor to repel the invasion. The difficulties of his position were very great, for there was much discontent in the army, which was very ill-paid. The tenacity, patience and tact of d'Ávalos triumphed over all obstacles. His influence over the veteran Spanish troops and the German mercenaries kept them loyal during the long siege of Pavia.

On February 24, 1525, he defeated and took prisoner Francis I by a brilliant attack. D'Ávalos' plan was remarkable for its audacity and for the skill he showed in destroying the superior French heavy cavalry by assailing them in the flank with a mixed force of harquebusiers and light horse. It was believed that he was dissatisfied with the treatment he had received from the emperor, and Girolamo Morone, secretary to Francesco II Sforza, duke of Milan, approached him with a scheme for expelling French, Spaniards and Germans alike from Italy, and for gaining a throne for himself. D'Ávalos may have listened to the tempter, but in the act he was loyal. He reported the offer to Charles V and put Morone into prison. His health, however, had begun to give way under the strain of wounds and exposure, during late November, and he died at Milan on December 3, 1525.

Family
D'Ávalos had no children; his title descended to his cousin Alfonso d'Ávalos, Marques of Vasto, also a distinguished imperial general (who in fact led the Imperial musketeers at Pavia).

In literature
The Italian historiographer Paolo Giovio published a contemporary biography in Latin of Fernando Francesco which was included in his Vitae (illustrium virorum). It was subsequently translated by Lodovico Domenichi and published in Florence in 1551. Giovio's biography was also translated into Spanish by Pedro de Vallés in 1553 as Historia del fortissimo y prudentissimo capitan Don Hernando de Ávalos.

The novel Die Versuchung des Pescara by Conrad Ferdinand Meyer is about him.

John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi, first performed in 1613–1614, makes numerous references to The Marquess.

title: Fernando d'Ávalos


text:
User talk:Weev

Your user page is now locked. Clearly you know that this is not acceptable practice on Wikipedia. - Ta bu shi da yu 03:17, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Judged. Juried. Executed. Pwned. Ghost Freeman T / C 06:32, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

New image
Hello weev, someone has uploaded this image of you to Wikipedia. It comes from LiveJournal, but it lacks your permission for use. Without this, it will be deleted on copyright grounds. Can you help here, thanks.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 11:07, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you must sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. Thank you. --SineBot (talk) 20:30, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

Joseph Evers video on YouTube
The YouTube video "Joseph Evers Tribute" now produces the message This video is no longer available due to a copyright claim by Andrew Auernheimer. Could you shed some light on why the person shown in the video is taken from this image of Theo de Raadt? See also Talk:Encyclopedia_Dramatica.-- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 17:19, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Weev


text:
Spontaneous Combustion (South Park)

"Spontaneous Combustion" is the second episode of the third season of the American animated television series South Park, and is the 33rd episode overall. It originally aired in the United States on April 14, 1999.

In the episode, Kenny and many other townsfolk start dying from spontaneous combustion. Mayor McDaniels puts Randy Marsh in charge of finding out why people are dying from it.

Plot
Kyle discovers that his father Gerald and his mother Sheila are having marital difficulties caused by Gerald's erectile dysfunction, and he and the others (Kenny, Stan, and Cartman) try to give him "a ne-rection" (which the boys confuse with "a resurrection"), unaware of what it actually is. Meanwhile, various members of the town, beginning with Kenny, start to spontaneously combust, which causes the townspeople to attend church more, and compels Mayor McDaniels to order Randy Marsh to discern the cause for the combustions.

The boys get drawn into presenting the Stations of the Cross in church, with Cartman tied to the cross in the role of Jesus, after repeated pleading that he could not play any other role. Afterwards, the boys take the cross and put it up outside the church, with Cartman still attached, so that he will die and get a "res-erection" to give to Gerald. Meanwhile, Randy manages to find out that the combustions are caused by people refusing to flatulate in front of their partners (Kenny was spending some time with Kelly, his girlfriend from the previous episode) and so he encourages everyone in town to flatulate every few seconds. For this, he wins the Nobel Prize and a statue is made for him, much to the ire of South Park's only other scientist, Dr. Mephesto, who wanted to win the prize for creating a Galapagos turtle with seven asses; he then plots revenge.

Meanwhile, Cartman (still on the cross) is getting upset and tired that Stan and Kyle will not take him down, even going as far as claiming his mother Liane is worried and "calling" for him. He is later taken down by Chef until he tells him it was all "just a dream" and he is still on the cross, angering him even more.

Another crisis then comes up, when a heat wave hits the town, and again Randy is hired to figure out the cause. However, Mephesto beats him to it. He discovers that it is the methane gas from all the flatulence that led to the global warming. Randy, blamed for the crisis, is stripped of his Nobel Prize, and stoned and forced to walk through the town with his own statue on his back, being denied by his friends (as Jesus was in the Stations of the Cross). Meanwhile, Gerald manages to get an erection, after seeing some attractive, young female clients undress in his office (to show him the skin cancer for which they claim Randy is responsible); after telling Kyle everything is going to be alright, Kyle is so glad for his father that he forgets about Cartman on the cross.

Randy does not want to try to find a solution for his problem, since all the people in town would still hate him, even if he managed to solve the combustion/global warming conundrum. However, Stan tells him that he learned something from the Stations of the Cross: Even though Jesus was hated by all the people he knew and denied by his friends, he still did what he had to do and, as he was dying, raised his right hand and stated, "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few" (which Kyle later points out is a quote from Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan). After going through extensive researching, Randy finds out that people need to flatulate only in moderation in order to fight against the global warming. This works well, and he ends up winning the town's accolades again, and gets his Nobel Prize back three weeks later, at which point the boys suddenly remember they had left Cartman out on the cross that long. They run to get him, and find him still alive but emaciated, having survived for three weeks on his accumulated body fat. Angered, Cartman then says (in a high pitched voice) that once he is taken down, he'll kick their groins. The song in Randy's daydream montage plays during the end credits.

Production
"Spontaneous Combustion" was written by South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone, and writer David Goodman. The episode was inspired in part by Stations of the Cross events Parker witnessed as a child. Parker said he thought it was funny to watch young children participate in the events, particularly in seeing the crucifixion of Jesus. Stone, an agnostic Jew and fellow South Park co-creator, had never heard of Stations of the Cross until Parker explained it to him during a meeting, to which Stone said, "I just thought it was the funniest thing". While making the episode, Parker and Stone were simultaneously making their South Park film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut. The duo would work on "Spontaneous Combustion" in one studio, then travel a mile away to a larger studio to work on the film. Paramount Pictures executives were not happy with the arrangement and preferred for Parker and Stone to stop working on the television series to focus on the film.

In writing the episode, Parker and Stone regularly consulted Anne Garefino, the South Park executive producer and a practicing Catholic; Stone said Garefino was a "good sport about it" and did not get offended by the show's jokes about Catholicism. Parker also said the show's elements about flatulence causing spontaneous combustion stemmed from his own serious belief that holding in farts can indeed cause humans to spontaneously combust. Parker said, "I honestly think it could be what spontaneous combustion is because I've seen some dudes light their farts, and the fireballs were big. And that was just one fart. I'm serious, I think it's totally possible."

Theme
The episode satirizes religion in more ways than its reenactment of the Stations of the Cross. A church prayer, in which Priest Maxi prays for the success of the Denver Broncos, an NFL football team, has also been described as a satire on the way sports can take on a religious status due to the seriousness with which fans regard it. Maxi also suggests Kenny might not have been killed if the South Park residents had attended church more regularly, which satirizes the use of guilt to encourage participation in religion; this is further demonstrated by Mr. Garrison's comment, "Oh, here comes the guilt trip again!" Religious writer Michel Clasquin said the episode also demonstrates the way in which people "go through the right motions" in practicing religion by attending church, but disregard religion in their everyday lives; he cites the example that when Stan asks his father where their copy of the Bible is, he says it's in the attic "with the old LPs". Clasquin said "Spontaneous Combustion" also demonstrates the ease with which people blend their religious convictions with lessons from pop culture, particularly with Stan's confusion of a biblical verse and a Star Trek quote. Nevertheless, Clasquin said Stan does ultimately learn lessons of sacrifice and selflessness from the story of Jesus' crucifixion, so the episode ultimately upholds some of the more positive aspects of religion and Christianity.

The episode also satirizes adult pretentiousness, a common theme in South Park episodes, by portraying the children as wiser and more reasonable in seeking a solution to the spontaneous combustion problem. Although the adults follow trends and solutions that contradict common sense, namely avoiding spontaneous combustion by passing gas at all times, only the children are able to find a reasonable solution in the middle of two extremes: only passing gas when absolutely necessary or when it is "really, really funny".

Cultural references
Cartman and the other South Park children reenact the Stations of the Cross, the depiction of the Passion (final hours) of Jesus, which end with his crucifixion. The line Stan quotes, which he mistakes for a Bible verse, is a line spoken by Spock in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan: "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." During a church service, the Priest Maxi refers to two players who left the Denver Broncos: Neil Smith, who left the team in 1999 after becoming a free agent, and Steve Atwater, who joined the New York Jets in 1999. When Officer Barbrady passes by Cartman and says "T, T is for turtle", he is impersonating the typewriter from Sesame Street. Randy's daydream, which depicts a mummy chasing Stan, Kyle and himself through a series of doors, is a reference to Scooby-Doo. Gerald hears a Bob Dole commercial for an erectile dysfunction medicine when listening to the radio in his office.

Reception
The episode was condemned by Graham Capill, the New Zealand conservative politician heading the Christian Heritage Party of New Zealand, now defunct. Capill, who was campaigning against the film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, which was released around the same time "Spontaneous Combustion" was broadcast, took exception to the episode's portrayal of the Stations of the Cross reenactment.

Many reviewers recommended the episode while simultaneously commenting on its offensive material. Peter Lalor of The Daily Telegraph described it as "another highly-recommended episode, although if you have sensitive Christian values perhaps you would be better off missing this episode". Paul Thompson, of the Waikato Times, praised the episode and said it "had all the show's ingredients: obnoxious kids, hypocritical adults and barbed humour." Robert Bianco of USA Today recommended the episode, but said it was "almost certain to offend large segments of the population", particularly for its take on the Stations of the Cross. Although the Daily Breeze recommended the episode, they said it proved, "silliness and outrageousness continue to be this cartoon's calling card".

Doug Pratt, a DVD reviewer and Rolling Stone contributor, gave "Spontaneous Combustion" a negative review; he called it "pretty dopey" and said "Sure, it's funny if you like passing gas jokes, but its aspirations are limited."

The Chicago Tribune included "Spontaneous Combustion" in a list of seven South Park episodes illustrating the show's tendency to tackle controversial subjects, particularly with regard to religion.

title: Spontaneous Combustion (South Park)


text:
Cleopatra Jones

Cleopatra Jones is a 1973 American blaxploitation film directed by Jack Starrett. Tamara Dobson stars as an undercover government agent who uses the day job of supermodel as her cover and an excuse to travel to exotic places. Bernie Casey, Shelley Winters and Antonio Fargas also feature. The film has been described as being primarily an action film, but also partially a comedy with a spoof tone.

Plot
Cleopatra "Cleo" Jones is an undercover special agent for the United States government. Overseas modeling is only a cover for her real job: Cleo is a James Bond-like heroine with power and influence. She drives a silver and black '73 Corvette Stingray (equipped with automatic weapons), and has martial arts ability. She also remains loyal to her drug-ravaged community and her lover, Reuben Master, who runs B&S House (a community home for recovering drug addicts).

Cleo is overseeing the destruction of a poppy field in Turkey belonging to the evil drug lord Mommy. Mommy employs an all-male crew and a bevy of beautiful young women catering to her many wants. When she hears about her poppies' demise, she plots revenge, ordering a corrupt policeman to raid the B&S House.

When Cleo returns to LA to arrest the police responsible for the raid, she continues to take apart Mommy's underworld drug business, thwarting her minions along the way. Cleo and Mommy face off in a showdown, in which she is trapped by Mommy in a car crusher but is saved by her friends from the B&S House. In the final showdown, Cleo chases Mommy to the top of a magnetic crane where the two women fight. Mommy proves to be no match for Cleo, who hurls Mommy over the side of the crane to her death, while Cleo's friends defeat her henchmen. At the end of the film, as Reuben and the members of the community celebrate victory, Cleo departs the scene. She sets off to complete her mission of stemming the tide of drugs that flow into her community.

Cast

 * Tamara Dobson as Cleopatra Jones
 * Bernie Casey as Reuben Masters
 * Shelley Winters as Mommy
 * Brenda Sykes as Tiffany
 * Antonio Fargas as "Doodlebug" Simpkins
 * Bill McKinney as Officer Purdy
 * Dan Frazer as Captain Crawford
 * Stafford Morgan as Sergeant Kert
 * Mike Warren as Miller Anderson
 * Albert Popwell as Matthew Johnson
 * Caro Kenyatta as Melvin Johnson
 * Esther Rolle as Mrs. Johnson

Don Cornelius and Frankie Crocker make appearances as themselves, while former child-star Eugene W. Jackson II makes an appearance as Henry and actor Lee Weaver plays Henry's friend.

Background
Cleopatra Jones was made by Warner Bros. following the success of the Shaft series and AIP's films. It opened at a time when the Black Power Movement, Black Arts Movement, second-wave feminism, and an increasingly growing black feminism were all prevalent. From this social context emerged the desire for a black heroine who appealed to women through a combination of alluring femininity, female strength, and combat skill. The film depicts the harsh reality of the black ghetto, but also portrays a united community whose members help and support one another. The film's final scene, in which Jones, Reuben, and the other B&S members join together to defeat Mommy, reflects the Black Arts Movement's emphasis upon the need for the black community to work together to defeat white supremacy.

Although Cleopatra Jones contains themes relating specifically to the Black Power and feminist movements, it appeals to the general public and is said to be the "first blaxploitation film to use martial arts as part of its promotion." It appeals to audiences who enjoy action movies (such as the James Bond series) and has invited comparisons between Jones and Bond. Critic Chris Norton suggested, "like Bond, Cleo is not a stealthy character who tries to infiltrate the underworld by losing her identity... Bond seldom tried to hide his identity, often using his real name during introductions, and all Bond films rely on his being recognized as 007." Likewise, Jones is rarely undercover, and is flashy and flamboyant on the job. Norton continues by saying "Cleo's outrageous outfits are also analogous with Bond's dinner jackets and playboy wardrobe. Her three-foot hat brims and flowing fur robes are treated with respect and awe within the film, just as Bond's refinements are looked upon as the height of good taste". Norton noted, however, that "Cleo is not simply a black James Bond. While the Cleopatra Jones films have co-opted Bond, they avoid a total fusion of her character of Bond."

However, the film is also deliberately funny, with one-liners and over-the-top villains. These were presumably the work of co-writer Sheldon Keller, a veteran TV comedy specialist whose numerous credits include The Dick Van Dyke Show and Caesar's Hour.

Max Julien originally wrote the part of Jones for his then-girlfriend Vonetta McGee, but the part was eventually given to Dobson, a fashion model whose height inspired the film's tag line: "6 feet 2 inches of dynamite." Although blaxploitation films generally used sex to attract an audience, Cleopatra Jones was comparatively modest, containing no nudity or explicit sex.

Just as Jones came from a poor, high-crime neighborhood, Dobson came from a working-class background. She grew up in Baltimore's inner city; her mother owned a beauty salon and her father worked at a railroad station. After earning a degree from the Baltimore Institute of Art, Dobson moved to New York City to become a model. Her race proved an obstacle until she caught the attention of movie producers searching for a black heroine.

Feminism and sexuality
Cleopatra Jones has been analyzed by academics, particularly its attitudes towards race, sex and feminism. It is argued the film illustrates the film industry's progress toward gender equality. While Jones is both feminine and fashionable, at the same time she is talented in combat and driving, even more so than the men in the film. She is seen as a strong, assertive and combative woman who is able to both appeal to men and defeat them physically. On one hand, Jones ably combats Mommy's male henchmen, but on the other, she maintains a loving relationship with Reuben. Cleopatra and Reuben's relationship can be considered a more progressive look at black male and black female relations at the time. Reuben is a strong black man who also cares for recovering kids at the B&S House. However he is also willing to fight as he comes to Jones' aid and they fight alongside one another.

Although Jones' character and relationships are in keeping with feminist principles, the portrayal of Mommy is perceived as less groundbreaking. She is presented as a hypersexual lesbian; her character displays many negative traits, such as her constant lust and obsession with sex. Mommy exerts tyrannical control over her henchmen and physically and verbally abuses her young female attendants.

During this period, feminism was "often seen as a white woman's movement; some have seen it as anti-black." Even Dobson stated that a message she would have liked the film to portray would have been a more centered approach towards racial equality rather than gender. She stated in an interview, "We're trying to free our men. I believe in equal pay... I don't want to talk about it, because I don't think of Cleopatra Jones as being a women's libber. I see her as a very positive, strong lady who knows what she has to do."

Cleopatra Jones differs from other blaxploitation films which depict what scholars have described as a "phallic heroine." Dobson herself refused to do nude scenes, striving to separate herself from the hypersexuality of many other black heroines of the time. Her opinion that "sex is more interesting when you don't show everything at once" is clearly indicated by her modesty throughout the film. During a love scene between Jones and Reuben, the two share a long, intimate kiss rather than passionately making love. The scene illustrates love and intimacy rather than the lust often depicted in other popular blaxploitation films. Jones flaunts her sexuality through her appearance, managing to remain an autonomous and strong female protagonist.

Race
Dobson's role was an example of the potential of a new black female presence in popular action cinema. Earlier in the 1970s, the Hollywood-supported black urban ghetto action films had followed one of a few plot lines: the black pimp or drug hustler on a mission for material wealth and autonomy from "the Man"; the lone hero from the ghetto with white institutional power; or the legitimate hero whose mission is to stop drug activity within the black community. The last narrative, albeit more rare than the others, can be seen in Cleopatra Jones.

While Jones works for "the Man", a white, all-powerful leader (the American government), the film also indicates a move toward racial equality. Jones works for an unnamed agency and wears a badge that reads "Special Agent to the President." Ironically, though she works for the white government, Jones is clearly better at policing black neighborhoods than are white cops. Cleopatra Jones replaces the traditional white male action hero with a powerful and assertive black heroine. Also, her mission is directly related to improving the black community.

An instance displaying the racism of a stereotypical white police officer is seen in the character of Officer Purdy, when Jones asks him who was responsible for the raid on B&S house and Purdy replies, "I never planted no dope on nobody! And if I did, I wouldn't lift a finger to help you or any of your kind."

Another theme within the film is the Black Power-generated "Black Is Beautiful" consciousness seen in Jones's appearance. Although she is seen as a center of attraction and sexuality, she still wears an Afro, which signified black affirmation. Jones' obscured hair underscores racial difference and departure from the traditional long hair as a sign of white, feminine sexual beauty. Also, her colorful and flashy outfits were a departure from the more modest, classy appeal of the James Bond hero. These emphasized a departure from the traditional white male hero. Dobson herself believed that her role enabled black beauty to be more visible in mainstream media. She stated, "It's true there are very few black models. You won't see them smiling out at you from the covers of major magazines. Editors blame this on the market... but I say forget the market—we're talking about a pretty girl. I've seen oooogly white girls on magazine covers. But black girls must be safe. They must have straight hair, or hair that can be pressed, and they must have Caucasian features."

On the other hand, critics may view the emphasis on Jones' exoticism to be racially stereotypical rather than glorifying black beauty. Parts of Dobson's physicality reverberate with notions of black animalistic imagery. Jones appears in elaborate fur coverings and dramatic makeup, especially around the eyes. Lisa Anderson describes such imagery: "The animal metaphors resurface; the jezebel is represented as a tiger, a puma, a panther, or other large, sleek cat who slinks up and pounces on her prey. She is a frightening apparition in the white imagination."

Soundtrack
Cleopatra Jones is accompanied by a rhythm and blues soundtrack featuring Joe Simon singing "Theme from Cleopatra Jones" and Millie Jackson singing "Love Doctor" and "It Hurts So Good." Instrumentals on the soundtrack include "Goin' to the Chase," "Wrecking Yard" and "Go Chase Cleo". The soundtrack was a popular success, selling well over 500,000 copies.

Reception
The film opened to a favorable critical reception. Los Angeles Times film critic Kevin Thomas called it "an exceptionally well-made black action picture... From start to finish this fast-moving Warner's release is shrewdly calculated and affirms the gifts of its director Jack [Starrett] in bringing style and meaning to the exploitation picture. In her first starring role Miss Dobson more than makes up for her lack of acting experience by her dazzling looks, sultry personality, and unwavering poise."

Tapping into the Black Pride movement, the use of the name Cleopatra for a character who was strong physically, but equally feminine and independent, appealed to the urban public. As the queen of Egypt, Cleopatra's role as a leader allowed African American women to identify with Dobson's character and finally call a heroine their own.

On the other hand, critics of the blaxploitation industry complained that they were "dismayed by Tamara's image as a karate-chopping, pistol popping terror." In response Dobson replied, "You go through phases until you find the right situation where a character works for you. A lot of tits and ass movies were made, ballbuster films, exploitation pictures. But I don't care what anybody calls it. Doing Cleopatra Jones gave me a chance to work. I loved Cleo. She was not only gracious, but strong, clever, intelligent and sexy."

The film was a box office success, grossing more than $100,000 in its first week of release, climbing to $400,000 by the fifth week.

Sequel
A sequel, Cleopatra Jones and the Casino of Gold, was released in 1975, with Dobson reprising the title role. In the film, Jones travels to Hong Kong to free government agents Matthew and Melvin Johnson, who have been captured by the Dragon Lady (Stella Stevens). Jones pairs up with Mi Lin-fong (Tien Lie) and ends up in the Dragon Lady's casino, headquarters for her underground drug empire.

The sequel's lack of popularity was due not only to its poor reviews but also to the decline of blaxploitation films in general.

Video releases
Cleopatra Jones was released on Warner Home Video in 1986, in both Betamax and VHS formats.

title: Cleopatra Jones


text:
Talk:Brian Booth

Untitled
I should be able to help contribute to this one and may be able to obtain a current photo as Brian Booth is a family friend. I'll see what I can do Mistertim 03:20, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

GA passed
All in all, a good article that is on its way to FA quality. -- DarkFalls talk 05:29, 4 December 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) It is well written.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]
 * 2) It is factually accurate and verifiable.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]
 * 3) It is broad in its coverage.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]
 * 4) It is neutral.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]
 * 5) It is stable.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]
 * 6) It is illustrated, where possible and appropriate, by images — Although I prefer an image to be added to the lead section of the article, it is suitably illustrated to pass.[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]]

Orphaned references in Brian Booth
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Brian Booth's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "o": From Ian Craig:  From Arthur Morris:

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Information on later life and death?
Hi article watchers: I was thinking of nominating this article for WP:TFA for October 19th, Booth's 90th birthday. However, the article doesn't have a lot of information about his death or post-cricket life. I also think that "Style and the place of religion in sport" can be split into two sections, as they don't really link together very well and there's enough information for them to be separate sections. Thoughts? Is anyone willing to add information to the article? Z1720 (talk) 19:40, 5 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brian Booth


text:
Epiphany season

The Epiphany season, also known as Epiphanytide or the time of Sundays after Epiphany, is a liturgical period, celebrated by many Christian Churches, which immediately follows the Christmas season. It begins on Epiphany Day, and ends at various points (such as Candlemas) as defined by those denominations. The typical liturgical color for the day of Epiphany is white, and the typical color for Epiphany season is green.

Popular Epiphanytide customs include Epiphany singing, chalking the door and families inviting their pastor to bless their home.

Ordinary Form
The Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church regards the time after Epiphany as a subset of the Christmas season. The Christmas season ends on the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, a feast typically celebrated on the Sunday after Epiphany. Although Epiphany is not a distinct season, the Ordinary Form does have specific Mass collects that are used from Epiphany onward. Because Epiphany is, in many places, transferred to the Sunday from January 2 to 8 inclusive, the period during which the Epiphany texts are used forms a de facto octave between the Sunday of Epiphany and the Sunday of the Baptism of the Lord. Christmas season is followed by Ordinary Time.

Extraordinary Form
In traditionalist Catholic communities that use the General Roman Calendar of 1960 as part of the Extraordinary Form authorized by Summorum Pontificum, Epiphany is celebrated with a de facto octave from January 6 to the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord on January 13, although the octave was nominally removed in the calendar reforms of 1955. The Sundays which follow are designated "Sundays after Epiphany" or "Time after Epiphany" until the start of Pre-Lent.

Ordinariate Use
In 2015, the Catholic Church authorized a Use of the Roman Rite for the three Personal Ordinariates for former Anglicans. The Ordinariate Use explicitly includes a period called Epiphanytide, which runs from the Monday after the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord until the day before Ash Wednesday.

Moravianism
In the Moravian Church, the Epiphany season runs until the Sunday before Ash Wednesday. While white is the liturgical colour used for the Feast of the Epiphany itself, the Sundays during the rest of the season use green.

Lutheranism
In Lutheranism, Epiphanytide runs from Epiphany Day until Septuagesima Sunday—three Sundays before Shrove Tuesday—(as with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark), or from Epiphany Day until the day before Ash Wednesday (as with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America).

Anglicanism
In 2000, the Church of England introduced into its liturgy an optional Epiphany season by approving the Common Worship series of services as an alternative to those in the Book of Common Prayer. This optional season begins with Evening Prayer on the day before the Epiphany (which may be celebrated on January 6 or on the Sunday between January 2 and 8) and ends on Candlemas, which celebrates the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. (which may be celebrated on February 2 or on the Sunday between January 28 and February 3).

Methodism
In Methodism, the Epiphany season runs from Epiphany Day until Ash Wednesday, the first day of Lent. White is liturgical colour for Epiphany Day itself, as well as for the Baptism of the Lord and the Feast of the Transfiguration, while green is the liturgical colour used for the rest of the season.

Greek Rite
In the Greek Rite (used by various Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches), the Feast of the Epiphany takes place on January 6. The Liturgy of St. Basil is celebrated with Vespers on the eve of the feast; and the Vigil is made up of Great Compline and Matins. The Divine Liturgy tells the story of Jesus's baptism. After Vespers and the Divine Liturgy, the Great Blessing of the Water takes place. The celebrant immerses the cross into the water three times and then blesses the people with the water. It is customary in theses churches for the faithful to drink the water and to take it home for use throughout the year.

East Syriac Rite
In the East Syriac Rite (used by churches such as the Syro-Malabar Church), this period is called the Season of Epiphany, also known by its Syriac transliteration Denha. This season begins on the Sunday between January 2 and 6, or on January 6 itself if no such Sunday exists. The season runs until the first Sunday of Lent, which begins seven weeks before Easter (three days earlier than it does in Western Christianity).

The rite celebrates the following feast days on sequential Fridays during Epiphany season:

 * 1) St. John the Baptist
 * 2) Sts. Peter and Paul
 * 3) The Evangelists
 * 4) St. Stephen
 * 5) The Greek Doctors (Diodorus, Theodorus and Nestorius)
 * 6) The Syriac Doctors (Aprem, Narsai and Abraham)
 * 7) The Patron of the Church
 * 8) Commemoration of the Dead

Because the length of the Season of Epiphany is variable, later Friday feasts are sometimes moved to earlier weeks.

The Three Days' Lent occurs during this season.

West Syriac Rite
In the West Syriac Rite (used by the Maronite Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Syriac Catholic Church and various Malankara Churches of India), the season begins on January 6 on the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, called Denho ("appearance" or "sunrise") in West Syriac dialect. For some Syriac churches, this season may be the traditional time of reception of catechumens into the Church. In Maronite culture many people wait to have their babies initiated (i.e., baptized and chrismated) on or after Denho.

title: Epiphany season


text: User talk:83.132.216.206

title: User talk:83.132.216.206


text:
Talk:Show Boat

New Cast Table
The newly added table of cast members in multiple productions is a fine addition to the article. However, its width is twice that of the margins of the rest of the article. This throws the display of the article out of line - reduced to a small column on the left of the screen. Is there a way to fix this? Possibly splitting the table into two parts or adding the ability to collapse it? Thanks, Markhh (talk) 02:29, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I disagree that the redundant cast table is helpful in the article. The cast members are (or should be) already named in the production section with appropriate sourcing.  If people decide that it is necessary to repeat information in tabular form, I suggest using the much more concise format used in these WP:Featured Articles: The King and I and Carousel (musical). -- Ssilvers (talk) 06:02, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I agree with the above post by Ssilvers. Somambulant1 (talk) 16:55, 3 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I also agree with the view of Ssilvers regarding the cast table. Jack1956 (talk) 12:47, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I like it. It offers at a glance the artists who played each role over the years and also the cast of each important revival. However, as it currently stands, it doesn't fit within he page margins. As I said above it could be made to collapse. and only opened if the reader wanted to see it. Or it could also be cut down to only the most important productions. But I I think it's worth keeping, and maybe removing the repetitions elsewhere. Markhh (talk) 20:30, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Also, I disagree with deleting the table before there was an opportunity for discussion. How can other editors fairly evaluate it if they can't see it? I suggest restoring the table until discussion is complete (or, alternately, posting it under this heading on the talk page). Thanks! Markhh (talk) 20:36, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
 * I see that some information in the Production history section is unreferenced. If you want to improve the article, a very helpful task would be to add references to the productions section, and to make sure that all of the notable (blue-linked) cast members are mentioned with respect to each such production. -- Ssilvers (talk) 20:50, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

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Actors in cast table
There is a gaggle of artists in the last column of the cast table with no sense of what production each was in. It's been that way since it was added here.

I suggest at least limiting it to stage actors (the other media ones are listed elsewhere in the article), and adding in parenthesis after each name the date - if american production - and location and date if elsewhere (like the London stage production, for example). or better, columns like seen at Company_(musical). - jc37 07:29, 6 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I think this layout is better than what we have in Company and other similar articles. Generally the original cast is the most notable as originating the roles and then we can list notable other people who have also been in the role. When we list the full cast of every major production, we end up including individuals who are otherwise not notable and have no context as to who they are. BOVINEBOY 2008 15:07, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

 * We don't need to add in the cast table which production the person was in, because that information is given in the Productions section. Let's keep the cast table as concise as possible; blue-linked people who have starred in long-running notable productions listed in the Productions section.  This layout is used in some of the Rogers and Hammerstein Featured Articles, such as The King and I. -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:32, 6 August 2021 (UTC)

Principal roles
The article does not distinguish the five principal singing roles, a clear deficiency. Two methods I have tried, asterisks and footnote, have been reversed. There is no obvious place to go for a citation. Nor is this a matter of "original research" in that nobody would dispute which of the 12 or 13 solo roles we are talking about. So how do we overcome the deficiency? B C R M (talk) 11:03, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * You need to a) find a WP:reliable source that supports that; and b) find something that makes it clear that it is important enough for inclusion. SchroCat (talk) 12:19, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * SchroCat is correct. See these key Wikipedia policies and guidelines for more information. WP:OR and WP:V. -- Ssilvers (talk) 12:55, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Well, Ssilvers and SchroCat, first of all, I am myself a reliable source because I know the score. Second, I have contributed to Wikipedia for going on 20 years adding all sorts of information *without* support, and I am certain that the vast majority of material added to the encyclopedia is in fact unsupported, uncited. You will know this too of course. Wikipedia would not be what it is today if contributors were forced to support everything they added. Third, about whether identifying the principal singing roles "is important enough for inclusion," most readers would say it is. I got the impression from one of you that you are part of an oversight body concerned with musicals. If so, you must agree. Your actions are a disservice. B C R M (talk) 15:27, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Here is a good example of the disservice. Stageagent.com lists the "leads" and "supporting" roles for Show Boat. It would be easy for me to cite this to overcome your objection. But Stageagent is a bad source. Mrs Hawks is not a principal singing role whereas Queenie is. I know this; Stageagent does not, being a mindless database. B C R M (talk) 15:42, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Adding information without a source is damaging. Please don’t continue to do it.
 * You are not a source. What you think may or may not be right is classed as WP:ORIGINAL RESEARCH and it should not be on WP.
 * The fact that one source disagrees with your interpretation should be a red flag for you, that what you think you may know may not be correct, or at least open to interpretation by others.
 * Please don’t class anyone’s actions as a “disservice”, particularly when both of us have pointed you in the direction of the site’s guidelines and policies for doing things the right way. - SchroCat (talk) 15:50, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * As to No. 4, yes, SchroCat, it is a disservice when the article is less than it could be. You have subtracted what I contributed despite the quality of the contribution, and you haven't addressed the Stageagent example I gave. B C R M (talk) 16:03, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I can address it. The Stageageant example proves that different people (in Stageagent's case, a professional editor) disagree about which roles are the most important ones. You have not presented sources that authoritatively show which roles are "principal" ones, and your assertion that you are the best arbiter of this are directly contrary to Wikipedia's policies, and so your contribution was not helpful. -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:08, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * No, the Stageagent listing includes non-singing roles. That's the difference. B C R M (talk) 16:32, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * That's no answer. B C R M (talk) 15:46, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * What other edits have you made to Wikipedia over the past 20 years without citing sources? -- Ssilvers (talk) 15:50, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thousands. Perhaps one edit in 50 or 60 of mine has been with a citation. And "adding information without a source" is not damaging, as SchroCat suggests, unless the information is wrong. Naturally things are better sourced, I agree. But you can't expect volunteers to go to the trouble every time. B C R M (talk) 15:59, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Please point them out to me so that I can help you source them or remove the information that violates WP:V. -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:00, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

Of course it’s damaging. Aside from the fact people lose confidence if information is unsourced, without citations we end up with people adding trivia (like who are a “principals” in a show), and worse, they get it wrong, disagreeing with better sources than their own opinion. - SchroCat (talk) 16:08, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

 * If you think that identifying the principal singing roles is "trivia," you really should not be involved at all in articles devoted to musical theatre! B C R M (talk) 16:16, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * What is trivia is your *identification* of the roles that you think are "principal" ones. The important characters can be identified by the plot summary and list of musical numbers as those who are important to the story and sing in the songs.  Also, if you do not wish to follow WP:V, you should not contribute to Wikipedia. -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:20, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * See my reply to SchroCat below. B C R M (talk) 16:27, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * As a little test, SchroCat, you might want to ask a few people to name the principal roles in Tosca. You won't get a single variance. It is not a matter of opinion. Granted, Tosca is not a musical, but in Show Boat the only variance might be whether to include Queenie; there would be no variance in naming the other four. B C R M (talk) 16:26, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * BCRM, you have not shown the utility of *naming* the "principal" roles, when we have already *demonstrated* which roles are the most important ones in the plot summary and list of musical numbers. BTW, our article on Tosca is a WP:Featured Article.  It does not specify which roles are "principal" ones, showing that none of the dozens or hundreds of people who worked on this article believe that this is a useful thing to do in Wikipedia articles.  -- Ssilvers (talk) 16:35, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * LOL - I don’t need to do any tests thanks, but as a little test for you: why don’t you find a source to add the principals to this article? The roles you think should be there doesn’t matter one iota: it’s what the sources say. That is all that counts. - SchroCat (talk) 16:39, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The "utility" would be in helping any reader new to the subject. Obviously. The line distinguishing the principals is indisputable in the case of Tosca, hence the suggested test, and nearly indisputable in the case of Show Boat. The question is whether you want to help people new to the subject. B C R M (talk) 18:10, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Nope. The question is what the sources say. How much importance do they put on the point. If little or none then it’s not worth stressing over - “principal” means different things to different sources and that’s why we follow the sources, not the opinion of a single editor. - SchroCat (talk) 18:35, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The result of your stupidity is that Pete is equal to Ravenal. Do the damn test! B C R M (talk) 02:59, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Please don’t insult people. WP:CIVIL is another policy you should read. Unless you are prepared to take on board some of the policies and guidelines you’ve been shown, I think we’re done here. Go find a source. The position of the website is how I outlined it in the first post: You need to a) find a WP:reliable source that supports that; and b) find something that makes it clear that it is important enough for inclusion. - SchroCat (talk) 05:24, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

We list 13 roles, undifferentiated. This does not much help the reader. The Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization (not a great source) lists 10 “main characters” and 2 “supporting characters.” StageAgent (ditto) lists 16 “characters” classified as 5 “leads,” 7 “supporting” and 4 “featured.” In fact there are 5 principal singing roles (not aligned with StageAgent’s “leads”). These are clearly identifiable from the score, which is of course the only source that matters, and they should accordingly be identified in our article. I propose the addition to the list of the 3 missing characters and the following line at the start of the “Roles” section: Note: Julie, Magnolia, Queenie, Ravenal and Joe are the principal singing roles. Or asterisks by these in the list followed by an explanation. I suggest that editors involved in musical theatre obtain for themselves an education in the “utility” (Ssilvers’ word) for readers, especially readers new to a subject, of identified principal singing roles. It matters. It is, as illustration, the first breakdown at the above two source sites. Moreover, nobody wants to be confronted by a tag-team armed with wp:original research, wp:reliable source, wp:v, wp:civil, when they are trying to contribute, and this type of tool use runs counter to the recent messages I have received as a new account holder. B C R M (talk) 08:16, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Follow the sources, not your personal interpretation of them. - SchroCat (talk) 08:31, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The source is the score. B C R M (talk) 08:32, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * No it’s not. Not unless it actually says “principal” or “leading” next to the character name. - SchroCat (talk) 08:40, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * The score "says" that through its allocation. You don't know, do you? B C R M (talk) 08:42, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I do know, yes. But I also know—and follow—the site guidelines and policies. - SchroCat (talk) 08:47, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * You are a slave to them. You don't think. Earlier you wrote: "adding information without a source is damaging." This is also nonsense. Are you a person or a robot? B C R M (talk) 08:51, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * So you are a robot! B C R M (talk) 08:56, 12 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the further incivility. We’re done here. - SchroCat (talk) 08:58, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

This needs to be its own topic because the whole point is that a "principal" role such as Mrs Hawks is not necessarily a singing one. B C R M (talk) 09:13, 12 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Show Boat


text:
Little Hungarian Plain

The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alföld (Hungarian: Kisalföld, Slovak: Malá dunajská kotlina, German: Kleine Ungarische Tiefebene) is a plain (tectonic basin) of approximately 8,000 km² in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia (Podunajská nížina – Danubian Lowland), and eastern Austria. It is a part of the Pannonian plain which covers most parts of Hungary.

Geography
Its borders are the Carpathians on the north, the Bakony-Vértes Hills in the south, the Gerecse Hills in the east, and the Leitha Mountains and the foothills of the Alps in the west. In Hungary, it includes most of Győr-Moson-Sopron and Vas counties, and the western part of Komárom-Esztergom and Veszprém.

The plain is roughly cut in half by the Danube which is split up into many arms between Bratislava and Komárno, forming large islands. Its main tributaries are the Váh, the Rába, the Rábca and the Marcal rivers.

Smaller microregions of the Little Alföld are Hanság, Seewinkel, Neusiedl Basin, Rábaköz, Szigetköz, Marcal Basin, Moson Plain, Komárom-Esztergom Plain and Žitný ostrov.

The neighbouring regions of Kemeneshát, Sopron-Vas Plain and Steirisches Hügelland are sometimes classified as belonging to the Little Alföld, but Hungarian and Austrian geographers use the term in a more narrow meaning.

History
The plain has been an important area of agriculture since the Neolithic Age. The southern part of it belonged to the Roman province of Pannonia between the 1st and 5th centuries and later was inhabited by Germanic and Slavic peoples and since about 900 also by Hungarians. Since about 1000, the region became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. After World War I the Little Alföld was divided between Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Austria. In the 1990s Slovakia built a large dam and power plant at Gabčíkovo.

Population
Country borders don't closely follow linguistic boundaries, especially in the case of the northern part of the plain where Hungarians are a majority in the two southernmost districts Dunajská Streda and Komárno and a minority in the remaining districts. There are also smaller groups of Croats in the tri-state border region. Important cities in the region are Győr (HU), Komárom (HU), Komárno (SK), Dunajská Streda (SK), Nové Zámky (SK), and Mosonmagyaróvár (HU).

title: Little Hungarian Plain


text:
Stéphane Émard-Chabot

Stéphane Émard-Chabot is a former Ottawa city councillor who has served as assistant dean of the University of Ottawa law school since 2001. A native of Sandy Hill, he has a B.Comm and law degree from Ottawa and a degree from École Supérieure de Commerce de Paris. After obtaining his degree he became a professor at La Cité collégiale and also head of the Action Sandy Hill community group.

He was elected to city council in 1994 at age 28. Openly gay, one of the first issues the city council faced was whether to recognize Gay Pride Day. Mayor Jacquelin Holzman pushed through a compromise that recognized a generic "Pride Day", much to the displeasure of Émard-Chabot and other councillors. One of the most left wing city councillors, he supported legalizing prostitution. He also led the effort to scrap a municipal bylaw that forced stores to close at 6 p.m. He chose not to run for reelection in 2000, joining a private law firm and opening a boutique on Sussex Drive in Ottawa with his boyfriend. He closed the store three years later.

He was also appointed as chair of the board of directors of the Ottawa Community Housing Corporation in 2000 after leaving politics, but was fired from this position, along with the rest of the board, after a 2004 dispute with city council.

In addition to his work at the University of Ottawa, he has worked with local media (CBC, Radio-Canada and the French-language paper Le Droit) as a municipal affairs columnist.

title: Stéphane Émard-Chabot